Improvements in Steam Engines.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Apr., 1899-Accepted, 24th June, 1899
[Communicated from abroad by CHARLES CAMPBELL WORTHINGTON, Mechanical
Engineer, of Dunnfield (Warren County), in the State of New Jersey, United
States of America.]
Improvements in Steam Engines.
I, HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 6, Bream's Buildings,
Chancery Lane, in the County of London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement (as
communicated to me from abroad):-
The especial object of the present invention is to provide an improved vertical
pump of that class in which two pump cylinders are arranged side by side and
operated together, the plunger rods being usually connected by a rocking beam.
The invention embraces an improved valve movement for such engines, an
improved steam chest and steam valve construction including features of con-
struction forming parts of the invention which are applicable also in other classes
of steam engines, and certain features of construction and combinations of parts
in beam pumps, all as fully described hereafter and specifically pointed out in
the claims.
For a full understanding of the invention, a detailed description of a con-
struction embodying all the features of the same as applied in their preferred form
to an air pump or similar pumping engine of the beam pump class will now be
given in connection with the accompanying drawings, and the features forming
the invention will then be specifically pointed out in the claims.
In the drawings-
Figure 1 is a front elevation of the pumping engine with two high pressure
cylinders, the frame being partly broken away to show the beam connections.
Figure 2 is a side elevation of the upper part of the engine.
Figure 3 is a plan view of the engine.
Figure 4 is a sectional elevation of the steam end of the engine on an enlarged
scale, the section being taken centrally through the steam chest.
Figure 5 is a cross section on the line 5 of Figure 4.
Figure 6 is a vertical section on the line 6 of Figure 5.
Figure 7 is a cross section on the line 7 of Figures 4 and 6.
Figure 8 is a detail section of the connections between the beam and piston
rods on the line of Figure 1.
Figure 9 is a view similar to Figure 4 showing a compound steam cylinder
construction.
Figure 10 is a cross section on the line 10 of Figure 9.
Figure 11 is a
partial cross section on the line 11 of Figure 9.
Figures 12, 13 and 14 are cross sections of the steam chest on respectively the
lines 12, 13 and 14 of Figure 9.
Figure 15 is a detail section on the line 15 of Figure 14.
Referring now particularly to the construction shown in Figures 1 to 8, A, At

page_text: are steam cylinders and B, B₁ the corresponding pump cylinders, a, a¹ the steam
pistons having piston rods b, b1 which are connected to the plunger rods c, c¹ by
connections presently to be described, so that the pistons a, a¹ operate directly the
plungers or buckets in the pump cylinders B, B1, which latter may be of any suit-
able construction. The pump cylinders B, B1 are shown as having the suction
main C connecting with the suction chamber at the lower end of the cylinder and
the force or delivery main D connecting with the force chamber at the upper
end of the cylinders, as usual in such constructions. The steam cylinders A, A
are shown as supported by an open frame E rising from the top of the pump
cylinders, but it will be understood that the framework of the pumping engine
may be of any suitable form.
The rocking beam has the journal f by which it is mounted in suitable bear-
ings in the front and rear frame bars E, and this beam is connected at its opposite
ends to the respective piston and plunger rods b, c and ¹, c¹ and the piston rods
connected to the plunger rods by the following means, as shown in Figures 1, 2
and 8. The connection of the two piston rods being the same, a description of
one will suffice, and the same references will be applied to both.
The piston rod is connected rigidly to a connecting piece which is cut away
centrally so as to permit a beam connection to pass through the line of the piston
rod, and the lower end of this connecting piece a is provided with a hub 10 screw-
threaded internally and adapted to receive the screwthreaded end 11 of the plunger
rod c, and clamping bolts 12 are used by which the two parts of the split hub 10
are drawn up tight upon the end 11 of the plunger rod after the latter is screwed
in so as to make a rigid connection between the plunger rod c and the connecting
piece, the piston rod band plunger rod e thus being connected so as to form.
substantially a single rigid rod. The beam F is formed of two parallel bars 13
and these bars are pivotally connected to link y, by bolt 14 which passes through
a hub 15 on the upper end of the link y, this hub 15 extending across the line
of the piston rod, and the link y having two arms which embrace a hearing 16
formed in the connecting piece at the upper end of the hub 10, and to which
the link y is pivotally connected by bolt 17. As the pistons move up and down,
therefore, the beam F transmits the motion from one piston rod to the other
through the connecting pieces and the links y and by the construction shown, in
which the piston rods are divided and the link connections for the ends of the
beam pass through and swing across the line of the piston rods, there is secured
an almost direct central pull between the piston rods and beam in the line of
the piston rods, so as to avoid all tendency to twisting and to reduce to a minimum
all side pressure longitudinally of or transversely to the beam.
The detachable connections between the two parts of the rod connecting the
pistons and plungers is also of importance as affording a very convenient and
efficient means of detaching the plunger and plunger rod when required, while at
the same time a rigid connection between the plunger rod and the connecting
piece and one that will not work loose is secured, it being necessary in detach-
ng the plunger rod only to loosen the clamping bolts 12, when the plunger rod
may be unscrewed from the hub 10 and the plunger detached from the piston.
The piston rods are shown as connected to the connecting pieces by flanged
heads 18 and bolts 19, and this construction will be found simple and efficient,
but it will be understood that this connection and the form of the connecting
pieces may be varied, it being necessary only that the connecting pieces, when
formed separately from the piston rods, which is preferable, shall be rigidly
secured thereto so as to assure a rigid connection between the pistons and plungers.
Referring now to the steam end of the engine, the steam chest G is mounted
upon one side of the cylinders A, A¹, extending across the space between the
cylinders, and is provided with the steam admission port H entering at the top
and branching to the opposite ends of the steam chest and with the exhaust
port I at the bottom of the steam chest communicating directly with the space
inside the latter, the high pressure steam passing through the admission port H,

page_text: which is closed to the space within the valve chest, directly to the valves and thus
to the steam cylinders, while the low pressure steam is exhausted into the space
within the steam chest and thus to the exhaust pipe through port I. The con-
struction of the valves and valve casings and the cylinder steam ports is as
follows-
-
At opposite ends of the steam chest G are valve casings K, K in which move
piston valves L, L' which control the admission and exhaust of steam to and from
the respective cylinders A, A¹ through ports as follows:-The ports h, are the
continuations of the main induction port H. Ports i, 1 are the exhaust ports
opening from the valve casing to the space within the steam chest G and the
main ports opening from the valve casing to the space within the steam chest G
and the main exhaust port I. Ports are the cylinder admission and exhaust
ports extending from the valve casing to the upper ends of the cylinders, and
the ports, are the corresponding admission and exhaust ports for the lower
ends of the cylinders. All these ports are preferably sectional ports extending
entirely about the valve casings, as usual in such piston valve constructions. The
valve casings K, K' are open at their inner ends to the space within the steam
chest G so that the exhaust from each cylinder is in turn through the exhaust
portor and through the open end of the valve casing K, or K', into the space
within the steam chest, as fully described hereafter.
The piston valves L, L' are carried by a valve rod 20 extending centrally
through the space within the steam chest, this rod being shown as a single rod
and unjointed. It will be understood, however, that the rod may be jointed to
permit the valves to be somewhat out of line, if desired; and that the rod may
be divided or the valves may be connected in any other suitable manner so as to
secure their movement together in both directions by the motor pistons hereafter
described, thus forming a valve device moving as a single member. Outside the
respective piston valves L, L' is an actuating piston M, M connected rigidly to
the valves so that the valves and their actuating.pistons with connecting rod 20
move together in both directions and pressure upon each of the actuating
pistons M, M¹ is transmitted to both the piston valves, the valves thus being
actuated by the difference in pressure upon the two pistons M, M¹. These
pistons M, M are actuated by steam supplied and controlled as follows:-
The opposite ends of the steam chest G are provided with heads 21, which are
preferably formed separately from the steam chest and secured thereto as shown,
so that the outer open ends of the valve casings K, K₁ are closed by these heads
when secured in place and steam chambers thus formed outside the pistons M, M³.
In these casings 21 are valve chambers which communicate by ports 1 with the
admission port H and by ports 2 with the space within the valve casing and
exhaust port I, and which communicate with the steam chambers at the outer
ends of the valve casings K, K¹ outside of the pistons M, M by admission ports 3
and exhaust ports 4, these ports 1, 2, 3, 4 being controlled by valves m, ml at
the respective ends of the steam chest corresponding to the cylinders A, A¹, these
valves being shown as a common form of oscillating valves. The stems 22 of
these valves m, m² extend outside the valve chambers where they are supported
in brackets 23 and are actuated through crank arms 24 by a connecting rod 25
which extends between the crank arms of the two valves m, ml at opposite ends of
the steam chest, and this rod 25 is actuated to oscillate the valves m, m³, as
required, by one arm of a bell crank lever 20 mounted on the steam chest and
moving between adjustable collars 5 on the rod 25 so as to throw the rod 25 in
opposite directions as it engages one or the other of the collars 5. in its movement
in either direction, and this bell crank lever 26 is connected by link 27 to a
crank disk 28 on the end of the journal f of the beam F, so that the movement
of the beam F as rocked by the piston rods on opposite sides of the engine throws
the oscillating valves m, m¹ in opposite directions through the crank disk 28 and
connections just described. The collars 5 are made adjustable so as to vary the
$

page_text: amount of lost motion between the bell crank lever 26 and either of the collars,
as desired, so as to secure the required operation of the valves m, m¹.
The ports, preferably communicate with the lower ends of the cylinders A, A¹
close to the cylinder head, no cushioning by the exhaust steam in the lower ends
of the cylinders being employed, so that a single admission and exhaust port may
be used. The ports h, k, however, communicate with the upper ends of the
cylinders A, A¹ at a considerable distance below the cylinder heads so that tlie
pistons pass over and close these ports before the end of the up stroke of the pistons
is reached. Above these ports that are closed by the pistons a, a, however, are
other ports 6 opening into the cylinder just inside the head and communicating
with the cylinder ports k, k¹ by passages 7 in the cylinder casing and forming con-
tinuations of the ports k, k, these ports 6 opening into the cylinder above the
pistons a, a when they are at the end of the up stroke, so that these ports G
are not closed by the pistons. These ports 6 are designed to permit a slow
exhaust of the steam at the end of the up stroke after the port or is closed
by the piston a or a so as to secure a cushioning effect at the end of the up
stroke of each piston with a gradual release of the cushioning steam, and to
permit the steam to enter above the cushioned piston at the beginning of the
next down stroke as when separate admission and exhaust ports are used. For
this purpose the ports 6 may be made of such small size as to secure the result
desired and no adjustment be provided therefor, but preferably an adjustable
valve will be used so that the passage of steam from the cylinder through the port 6
may be regulated as desired. As shown in detail in Figure 7, the communication
between the passage 7 and the port 6 is controlled by a plug valve provided
with the usual screw stem 29 extending through a stuffing box and having
handle 30 for adjusting the valve.
With this throttling of the exhaust only at the end of the up stroke, the free
exhaust of the steam substantially throughout the up stroke is secured while the
assistance from the other piston through the beam is normal, while at the end
of the up stroke when the pull of the other piston is liable to be lessened, as, for
instance, by the effect of water in the bottom of the cylinder when pumping water
and air, or by a decrease of vacuum at the bottom of the cylinder when pumping
air alone, a back pressure on the piston which is just completing the up stroke
is secured which keeps the beam connections between the pistons under tension
so as to secure a smooth uniform movement and prevent any jumping of the
pistons, and effects, also, the cushioning of the other piston on its down stroke
through the beam connections independently of the increased resistance to the
piston at the end of the down stroke referred to above, which increased resistance
is variable and cannot be depended upon for uniform cushioning. With adjust-
able valves controlling the ports 6, also, these ports may be entirely closed, as
may be desirable in operating the pumping engine under certain conditions, so
that the usual cushioning without relief is secured at the end of the up stroke of
the pistons, the admission of steam below the other piston for its up stroke being
depended upon to start the down stroke of the cushioned piston through the
beam and connections, and steam being admitted above the cushioned piston
on its down stroke only after it has passed the cylinder port or kl.
For shifting the engine valves by hand to start the engine, in case the valve
sticks or is held by any cause from moving when steam is admitted it has hereto-
fore been the practice in steam thrown valve mechanisms to use a rod projecting
through a stuffing box and moving with the valve during the operation of the
engine, so that the piston or other part by which the valve is operated always has
to move the rod through the stuffing box, and the packing in the stuffing box
must be quite tight so as to cause considerable friction on account of the high
pressure of the admission steam which has been used in the steam chest in such
constructions. This additional work of moving the starting rod is especially
objectionable in steam thrown valves in which it is important that the movement.
of the valve should be with as little resistance as possible. I employ a starting

page_text: device which avoids this difficulty and imposes no work upon the engine, the
starting device being stationary during the operation of the engine.
As shown in the drawings, the valve rod 20 connecting the valves L, L' is pro-
vided with collars 31 preferably made adjustable, as shown, so as to secure just
the movement desired, and between these collars 31 extends the arm 32 of a start-
ing lever N which extends through a stuffing box on the rear side of the casing
of steam chest G, and is provided with a suitable handle 35 for operating
it. This starting lever N, when its arm 32 is in central position, is not moved
by the collars 31 on valve rod 20 as the valve is thrown in either direction, but
the starting lever is stationary during the operation of the engine. By means of
the outside handle 33 of the valve lever N, however, the lever may be moved so
that by the engagement of the arm 32 with one or the other of the collars 31,
according to the stopping position, the valves will be forced to left or right
until the obstruction is removed and the steam pressure alone can operate the
engine properly. The starting lever N may then be returned to central position
by hand or one of the collars 31 will return it to central position on the first
movement of the rod 20 by the pistons M, M¹. As the pressure within the
steam chest G is only that of the exhaust steam, but light packing of the starting
lever N in the steam casing is required to prevent the escape of the exhaust
steam around the starting lever and this low pressure of the steam within the
steam chest G also reduces the difficulty of forming steam tight joints in other
parts of the steam chest construction.
The operation of the construction will be understood from the preceding with
a brief general description.
As shown in Figures 1 to 3 the pistons are on center, this position being selected
simply for the purpose of illustrating the outside working parts of the engine.
In Figures 4 to 7, however, the steam end is shown with the steam. valves thrown
to the left or towards cylinder A for starting the piston a on its up stroke, and the.
piston a on its down stroke.
In the position of Figures 4 to 7, the lower arm of the bell crank lever 26 has
been thrown to the right from the central position shown in Figure 1 by the
rocking of the beam and crank disk 28 as the piston completes its down stroke,
and the piston a' its up stroke, the lever 26 by engagement with collar 5 thus..
moving the connecting rod 25 to the right and thus through crank arms 24 and
valve stems 22 oscillating the control valves m, m³ into the position shown in
Figure 4, in which the valve m closes the connection between ports 1 and 3 and
opens the connection between ports 2 and 4 so as to connect the space outside
the piston M with the exhaust I, and the valve m¹ opens communication between
the ports 1, 3 and closes communication between the ports 2, 4 at the opposite
end of the steam chest so as to admit steam outside the piston M. By thus
admitting outside the piston M and exhausting outside the piston M, the pistons
with the rod 20 and valves L, L' are moved to the left in the drawings and into
the position shown in Figures 4 and 5, the piston M covering the exhaust port 4
near the end of the piston stroke so as to prevent further exhaust and cushion the
piston, the pistons and valves then being held in the position shown in Figures 4
and 5 by the balanced steam pressure outside the two pistons until the control
valves m, m are shifted to reverse the movement of the pistons.
As will be clear from an examination of Figures 4 to 7, this movement of the
valves L, L connects induction port H through port hand the valve casing K
to the cylinder port 7, so as to admit steam below the piston a, and the cylinder
port to the exhaust I through the open inner end of the valve casing K and the
This
space within the steam chest G so as to exhaust from above the piston a.
movement, also, by valve L' connects the admission port H to the cylinder
port through the port and the valve casing so as to admit steam above the
piston a through the cylinder port, passage 7 and port 6, as shown in Figures 6
and 7, the direct connection of the port with the cylinder being now closed
by the piston a, and the cylinder. port is connected to the exhaust I through

page_text: the valve casing and port and the space within the steam chest G so as to
exhaust from below the piston a¹. It will be seen that in this position, with the
valves L, L' fully thrown, the collar 31 just comes into contact with the arm 32
of starting lever N in its normal central position, so that the starting lever is not
moved as the valve is thrown, while by moving the starting lever N by outside
handle 33, the arm 32 may be made to engage this collar 31 or the other collar 31,
and thus move the valves to the right or left, as may be required in starting
the engine.
The piston of cylinder A now moves up and the piston a¹ of the cylinder A¹
down for the next stroke, and the piston a, as it approaches the end of its up
stroke, covers the cylinder port & so as to prevent further exhaust of steam directly
through this port and thus cushion and produce a back pressure on the piston a
which is gradually relieved by the slow escape of steam through the port 6 and
passage 7 into the cylinder port k, this back pressure keeping all the connections
tight so as to secure a smooth movement and at the same time cushion the piston a
on its down stroke through the beam F and connections. As the pistons a, a¹
reach the end of their respective strokes the depending arm of the bell crank
lever 26 by engagement with the left hand collar 5, as the link 27 is raised by
the movement of the beam F and crank disk f, moves the connecting rod 25 to
the left and thus through crank arms 24 and valve stems 22 shifts the control
valves m, m¹ from the position shown in Figure 4 so as to reverse the positions of
these valves, and thus admit steam outside the piston M and exhaust from the
space outside the piston M. The pistons M, M¹ with the rod 20 and valves L, L'
are now moved to the right so as to reverse the position of the valves from that
shown in Figures 4 and 5 and thus admit steam above and exhaust from below
piston a, exactly as shown in Figures 4 and 5 and above described in con-
nection with piston a, and to admit steam below and exhaust from above
-piston a, exactly as shown in Figures 4 and 5 and above described in con-
nection with piston a. At the completion of this down stroke of the piston a and
up stroke of the piston the control and main valves are again shifted and the
pistons reversed, and thus the operation is continued.
It will be understood that the same operation may be secured with a single valve
operated by pistons M, M in the same manner and controlling the ports of both
cylinders. I prefer, however, to use separate valves for the two cylinders, as this
enables me to reduce the length of the ports and the clearance spaces and to use
the same steam chest on cylinders of different sizes. It is possible, also, to control
the admission and exhaust of steam for actuating the pistous M, M by a single
valve, instead of by separate valves, as shown, but a quicker and more efficient
action with shorter ports is secured by the preferred construction shown. While,
therefore, the invention includes certain features limited to separate steam valves
for the two cylinders and separate control valves, as defined by the claims, it will
be understood that the broader features of the invention are not thus limited. It
will be understood, also, that while the piston valves shown are preferred and
certain constructions limited to piston valves are made the subject of specific
claims herein, other forms of valves may be used in place of piston valves in the
constructions forming the subject matter of the claims herein that are not thus
limited.
The steam chest and steam valve construction shown in Figures 1 to 5 and
above described, with certain modifications, also forms a very simple, compact
and efficient steam chest and receiver construction for compound engines, the
exhaust passing from the high pressure to the low pressure cylinder through the
space within the valve chest between the two valves, which space thus forms a
receiver for the exhaust steam in its passage to the low pressure cylinder.
In Figures 9 to 15 I have shown such a modified construction in which the
engine and valves with all their operating parts are the same as previously
described, but high and low pressure cylinders are used on the opposite sides so
as to use the steam expansively from one side to the other, and the steam chest

page_text: with its ports is constructed for the passage of the exhaust steam from the high
pressure cylinder, to the low pressure cylinder and thence to the exhaust pipe
under the control of the valves L, L', the steam from both the auxiliary valve
chambers exhausting as before to the main exhaust. This valve chest and valve
construction for compound cylinders embodies features of construction which
form parts of the present invention.
In this modified construction, the space inside the steam chest G between the
casings K, K' does not connect with the main exhaust port I but is closed thereto
by a partition 34, so as to form a receiver for the exhaust of the high pressure
cylinder, and from which the low pressure cylinder takes its steam, below which
receiver is the main exhaust port I formed in the steam chest casing. The main
admission and exhaust ports H, I extend longitudinally of the valve chest and
from one end of the valve chest to the other, so as to connect respectively with the
admission and exhaust ports 1, 2 of the auxiliary valve chambers, but each of
these ports H, I has a port opening through the valve casings K, K' and controlled
by the piston valves only at one end of the steam chest, the admission port H
communicating with the valve L through port h for the admission of steam to the
high pressure cylinder A and the exhaust port I communicating with the valve L'
through exhaust port ¹ for the exhaust of steam from the cylinder A¹.
The arrangement of the exhaust ports of the cylinder A and of the admission
ports of the cylinder A¹ so as to conduct the exhaust steam of the cylinder A to the
cylinder A is as follows: The exhaust port i of valve casing K communicates
through passages formed in the casing of steam chest G, with the receiver
this
within the steam chest between the open ends of the casings K, K', passage
preferably being divided and arranged on opposite sides of port H, as shown in
Figures 11 to 13, although this is not essential. The cylinder port thus exhausts
through port and passage to the receiver, and the other cylinder port & exhausts
through its casing port and the open end of the casing K directly into the
receiver. The receiver communicates with the port of cylinder A directly
through the open inner end of the casing K, and with the cylinder port of the
cylinder A through passage formed in the casing of steam chest G, this
passage preferably being divided and arranged on opposite sides of the branch
of the main induction port H which communicates with the auxiliary port 1 in
the same manner as passage is divided at the other end of the steam chest,
although this is not essential.
The operation of this compound cylinder construction is as follows:
The control valves m, m² are actuated and the pistons M, M and main
valves L, L' shifted by the steam pressure controlled by the valves m, m' in exactly
the same manner as above described in connection with the construction shown in
Figures 1 to 8, and the connection of the cylinder ports k, and, through the
valve casings K, K' under the control of the valves is the same as above
described, except that the exhaust from above the piston a through cylinder
port, passes through the receiver in the steam chest to the port and below the
piston, and the exhaust from below the piston a through cylinder port 7, passes
through the receiver in the steam chest to the cylinder port and above the
piston a¹, instead of the cylinder A exhausting to the main exhaust and cylinder A'
being supplied with steam from the main admission H, as in the construction
previously described.
i
As shown in Figures 9 to 15 and indicated by the arrows, steam is being
admitted below the piston a through cylinder port and steam is being exhausted
from above the piston a through cylinder port and the open end of valve
casing K into the receiver within the steam chest, and steam is being admitted
from this receiver above the piston a through passage, the valve casing and
cylinder port 1, and steam is being exhausted from below the piston a' through
cylinder port and the valve casing K¹ and port into the main exhaust port I.
When the valves L, L' are reversed from the position shown in Figures 9 to 15
for the stroke of the pistons in the opposite direction, steam is exhausted from

page_text: below the piston a through port 7 and the valve casing, port i and the passage ³,
into the receiver, and steam is admitted from the receiver through the open end
of the valve casing K¹ directly to port and below the piston a', the admission
above the piston a and exhaust from below the piston a', being through
the cylinder ports, valve casing and admission and exhaust ports h and i', as is
clear from the drawings and previous description.
It will be understood that many modifications may be made in the constructions
illustrated by those skilled in the art without departing from the invention and
that many features forming parts of the invention may be used independently of
the other parts of the invention and in engines of different classes from that
illustrated and described. While a steam cylinder on each side of the engine is
shown, so that each of the pump plungers or buckets has its corresponding piston,
it is apparent that some of the features of the invention are applicable also to
that class of pumping engines in which only one side has a steam cylinder, and the
pump plunger on the opposite side is actuated through the beam."
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is;-
1. The combination with two steam cylinders, of a valve device carrying a
valve or valves controlling the ports of both cylinders; pistons on said device for
moving it in opposite directions, and valve mechanism controlling the admission
and exhaust of steam for actuating said pistons, substantially as described.
2. The combination with two steam cylinders, of a valve device carrying a
valve or valves controlling the ports of both cylinders, pistons at opposite ends of
said device, and separate valves controlling the admission and exhaust of steam
outside said pistons for moving the device in opposite directions, substantially as
described.
3. The combination with two steam cylinders, of a valve device carrying a
valve or valves controlling the ports of both cylinders, pistons on said device for
moving it in opposite directions, and valve mechanism mechanically actuated by
the engine and controlling the admission and exhaust of steam for actuating said
pistons, substantially as described.
4. The combination with two steam cylinders, of a valve device carrying a
valve or valves controlling the ports of both cylinders, pistons at opposite ends of
said device, and separate valves mechanically actuated by the engine and con-
trolling the admission and exhaust of steam for actuating said pistons, substantially
as described.
5. The combination with two steam cylinders, of separate valves controlling
the ports of the two cylinders and connected to move as a single device, pistons at
opposite ends of said device, and separate valves mechanically actuated by the
engine and controlling the admission and exhaust of steam outside said pistons for
moving the valves in opposite directions, substantially as described.
6. The combination with two steam cylinders, of a piston valve device carrying
a piston valve or valves controlling the ports of both cylinders, pistons on said
device for moving it in opposite directions, and valve mechanism mechanically
actuated by the engine and controlling the admission and exhaust of steam for
actuating said pistons, substantially as described.
7. The combination with two steam cylinders, of separate piston valves con-
trolling the ports of the two cylinders and connected to move as a single device,
pistons on said device for moving it in opposite directions, and valve mechanism
controlling the admission and exhaust of steam for actuating said pistons to move
the valves, substantially as described.
8. The combination with two steam cylinders, of separate piston valves con-
trolling the ports of the two cylinders and connected to move. as a single device,,
pistons on said device for moving it in opposite directions, and valve mechanism

page_text: mechanically actuated by the engine and controlling the admission and exhaust
of steam for actuating said pistons, substantially as described.
9. The combination with high and low pressure cylinders arranged side by
side, their steam ports, and connections for conducting exhaust steam from the
high pressure cylinder to the low pressure cylinder, of separate valves controlling
the ports of the two cylinders and connected to move as a single device, pistons
on said device for moving it in opposite directions, and valve mechanism for con-
trolling the admission and exhaust of steam for actuating said pistons, substantially
as described.
10. The combination with high and low pressure cylinders arranged side by
side, their steam ports and connections for conducting exhaust steam from the
high pressure cylinder to the low pressure cylinder, of separate valves controlling
the ports of the two cylinders, and connected to move as a single device, pistons
on said device for moving it in opposite directions, and valve mechanism
mechanically actuated by the engine and controlling the admission and exhaust
of steam for actuating said pistons, substantially as described.
11. The combination with high and low pressure cylinders arranged side by
side, their steam ports and connections for conducting exhaust steam from the
high pressure cylinder to the low pressure cylinder, of separate valves controlling
the ports of the two cylinders and connected to move as a single device, pistons
at opposite ends of said device, and separate valves mechanically actuated by the
engine and controlling the admission and exhaust of steam outside said pistons for
moving the valves in opposite directions, substantially as described.
12. The combination with the pump cylinders, plungers and rocking beam
of a direct acting beam pump, and a steam cylinder and piston on one or both
sides of the pump, of a valve device controlling the steam ports, pistons on said
device for moving it in opposite directions, and valve mechanism actuated by a
moving part of the pump and controlling the admission and exhaust of steam for
actuating said pistons on said device, substantially as described.
13. The combination with the pump cylinders, plungers and rocking beam
of a direct acting beam pump, and a steam cylinder and piston on one or both
sides of the pump, of a valve device controlling the steam ports, pistons at
opposite ends of said device, separate valves controlling the admission and exhaust
of steam outside said pistons for moving the valve device in opposite directions,
and means for actuating said separate valves from a moving part of the pump,
substantially as described.
14. The combination with the pump cylinders, plungers and rocking beam
of a direct acting beam pump, and a steam cylinder and piston on one or both
sides of the pump, of a piston valve device controlling the steam ports, valve
actuating pistons on said device, control valve mechanism controlling the admission
and exhaust of steam outside said valve actuating pistons for moving the valve
device in opposite directions, and means for actuating said control valve mechanism.
from a moving part of the pump, substantially as described.
15. The combination with the steam and pump cylinders, pistons, and plungers
on opposite sides, and the rocking beam of a direct acting beam pump, of
separate valves controlling the ports of the two cylinders and connected to move
as a single device, pistons on said device for moving it in opposite directions,
valve mechanism controlling the admission and exhaust of steam for actuating
said pistons and means for actuating said valve mechanism from a moving part
of the pump, substantially as described.
16. The combination with the steam and pump cylinders, pistons, and plungers
on opposite sides, and the rocking beam of a direct acting beam pump, of
separate valves controlling the ports of the two cylinders and connected to move
as a single device, pistons at opposite ends of said device, separate control valves
controlling the admission and exhaust of steam outside said pistons for moving
the valves in opposite directions, and means for actuating said control valves
from a moving part of the pump, substantially as described.

page_text: 17. In a compound direct acting beam pump, the combination with the high
and low pressure cylinders arranged side by side, their steam ports, and con-
nections for conducting exhaust steam from the high pressure cylinder to the
low pressure cylinder, of separate valves controlling the ports of the two cylinders
and connected to move as a single device, pistons on said device for moving it in
opposite directions, valve mechanism for controlling the admission and exhaust of
steam for actuating said pistons, and means for actuating said valve mechanism
from a moving part of the pump, substantially as described.
18. In a compound direct acting beam pump, the combination with the high
and low pressure cylinders arranged side by side, their steam ports, and con-
nections for conducting exhaust steam from the high pressure cylinder to the
low pressure cylinder, of separate valves controlling the ports of the two cylinders
and connected to move as a single device, pistons on said member for moving it in
opposite directions, separate control valves controlling the admission and exhaust
of steam for actuating said pistons, and means for actuating said control valves
from a moving part of the pump, substantially as described.
19. The combination with a steam cylinder and its steam piston and valve, of
a valve actuating piston on the valve rod, and valve mechanism actuated by the
steam piston and controlling the admission and exhaust of steam for moving
the valve actuating piston, said valve mechanism having separate ports for the
admission and exhaust of steam, substantially as described.
20. The combination with a steam cylinder and its steam piston and valve, of
valve actuating pistons on the valve rod at opposite sides of the valve, and valve
mechanism actuated by the steam piston and controlling the admission and
exhaust of steam outside said pistons for moving the valve in opposite directions,
said valve mechanism having separate ports for the admission and exhaust of
steam, substantially as described.
21. The combination with a steam cylinder and its steam piston and valve, of
valve actuating pistons on the valve rod, and separate valves for the valve
actuating pistons actuated by the steam piston and controlling the admission and
exhaust of steam for moving the valve in opposite directions, substantially as
described.
22. The combination with two steam cylinders arranged side by side, of valve
mechanism for said cylinders, a single steam chest for said cylinders, and steam
ports for the cylinders controlled by said valve mechanism for admitting steam
to one or both of the cylinders independently of the space within the valve
chest and for exhausting one or both of said cylinders to the space within the
valve chest, substantially as described.
23. The combination with two steam cylinders arranged side by side, of separate
valves for said cylinders, a single steam chest for said cylinders, and separate 4
steam ports for the cylinders controlled by said valves for admitting steam to
one or both of the cylinders independently of the space within the valve chest and
for exhausting one or both of said cylinders to the space within the valve chest,
substantially as described.
24. The combination with two steam cylinders arranged side by side, of a 4
steam chest having valve chambers and ports for the two cylinders at opposite
ends of the chest, piston valves for the two cylinders in said chambers, and
means for moving said valves in opposite directions, substantially as described.
25. The combination with two steam cylinders arranged side by side, of a
steam chest having valve chambers and ports for the two cylinders at opposite 5
ends of the chest, piston valves for the two cylinders in said chambers, and
connections between the valves whereby the valves move together in both
directions, substantially as described.
26. The combination with high and low pressure cylinders arranged side by
side, of a single steam chest for the cylinders, valves for the two cylinders, and 5
steam ports for the cylinders controlled by said valves to admit steam to the high
pressure cylinder independently of the space within the steam chest and to exhaust

page_text: the high pressure cylinder into the space-within the steam chest, and to admit
steam to the low pressure cylinder from the space within the steam chest and to
exhaust the low pressure cylinder independently of the space within the steam
chest, substantially as described.
27. The combination with the steam cylinder A, of steam chest G having
valve chamber K, piston valve L in said chamber, admission port H connecting
with the valve chamber independently of the space within the steam chest, exhaust
port I communicating with the space within the steam chest, and ports controlled
by said valve for admitting steam to the cylinder from admission port H and for
exhausting steam from cylinder A to the space within the steam chest, substantially
as described.
28. The combination with the high and low pressure cylinders A, A¹, of steam
chest G, valve chambers K, K₁ at opposite ends of the steam chest and opening
into the space between the valve chambers, piston valves L, L' in said valve
chambers, admission port H connecting with the valve chamber K independently
of the space between the valve chambers, exhaust port I communicating with the
valve chamber K', and ports controlled by said valves for admitting steam to
the cylinder A from admission port H and exhausting into the space between the
valve chambers and for admitting steam from the space between the valve
chambers to the cylinder A¹ and exhausting from the cylinder A¹ to the exhaust.
port I, substantially as described.
29. The combination with the high and low pressure cylinders A, A¹, of steam
chest G having valve chambers K, K¹ at opposite ends of the steam chest and open-
ing at their inner ends into the space between the valve chambers, exhaust
passage and admission passage 2 connecting the outer ends of the valve
chambers with the space between the valve chambers, admission port H com-
municating with the valve chamber K, exhaust port I communicating with the valve
chamber K, and ports controlled by said valves for admitting steam from
admission port H to the cylinder A and exhausting from cylinder A to the space
between the valve chambers from the inner end of valve chamber K or through
passage and for admitting steam to the cylinder A¹ from the space between the
valve chambers through the inner end of the valve chamber K or through
passage and for exhausting from cylinder A¹ through exhaust port I, sub-
stantially as described.
30. Steam chest G having valve chambers K, K', and piston valves L, L' in
said chambers and connected together, pistons M, M¹ outside the valves, and steam
chambers for said pistons, substantially as described.
31. Steam chest G having valve chambers K, K¹ and piston valves L, L' in
said chambers and connected together, piston M, M¹ outside the valves, steam
chambers for said pistons, admission and exhaust ports for said steam chambers,
and control valves m, m³ at opposite ends of the steam chest, substantially as
described,
32. Steam chest G having valve chambers K, K¹ and piston valves L, L' in
said chambers and connected together, pistons M, M¹ outside the valves, admission
and exhaust ports 1, 2, 3, 4 at opposite ends of the steam chest for admitting
and exhausting steam outside said pistons, and control valves m, m³, sub-
stantially as described.
33. Steam chest G having steam ports for two cylinders at opposite ends and
admission and exhaust ports H, I, and valves controlling the ports for admitting
steam from port H independently of the space within the steam chest between
the valves and for exhausting through said space, substantially as described.
34. Steam chest G having valve chambers K, K¹ for two cylinders at opposite
ends, admission and exhaust ports H, I, and ports connecting the cylinder ports
with the admission and exhaust ports H, I of the valve chest, and connected
piston valves L, L' in said valve chambers, substantially as described.
35. Steam chest G having ports for two cylinders at opposite ends, admission
port H. connecting with one of the cylinders, exhaust port I connecting with the

page_text: other cylinder, and ports connecting each of said cylinders with the space within
the valve chest for conducting the exhaust from one cylinder through the valve
chest to the other cylinder; substantially as described.
36. Steam chest G having valve chambers K, K₁ at opposite ends, admission and
exhaust ports H, I connecting respectively with valve chambers K, K¹, ports for
connecting said valve chambers with the steam cylinder ports of two steam
cylinders, and passages 2, connecting the outer exhaust port of chamber K
and the outer admission port of chamber K with a receiver between the chambers
with which the inner ports of the chambers connect, substantially as described.
37. The combination with the steam and pump cylinders, pistons, plungers
and rocking beam of a direct acting beam pump, of admission and exhaust ports
for the steam cylinders arranged to secure the closing of the exhaust port in each
cylinder by the' piston for cushioning at only one end of each cylinder, sub-
stantially as described.
38. The combination with the steam and pump cylinders, pistons, plungers
and rocking beam of a direct acting beam pump, of a single port forming the
admission and exhaust port for each end of each cylinder, the port at one end
only of each cylinder being arranged to be closed by the pistons to cushion the
latter, substantially as described.
39. The combination with the vertical steam and pump cylinders, pistons,
plungers and rocking beam of a vertical direct acting beam pump, of a single
port forming the admission and exhaust port for each end of each cylinder, the
port at the upper end only of each cylinder being arranged to be closed by the
pistons to cushion the latter, substantially as described.
40. The combination with the steam and pump cylinders, pistons, plungers
and rocking beam of a direct acting beam pump, of a single port at each end of
each cylinder forming the admission and exhaust port, said port at one end of each
cylinder having a main exhaust connection with the cylinder closed by the piston
as it approaches the end of its stroke for cushioning and another connection with
the cylinder outside of and not closed by the piston, substantially as described.
41. The combination with two steam cylinders and their pistons, and a rocking
beam connecting said pistons, of ports for the admission and exhaust of steam, a
valve mechanism arranged to permit the free exhaust of steam during the main
part of each stroke and arranged to cushion each piston by the exhaust steam
at one end only of each cylinder and to permit the slow exhaust of the cushioning
steam and the admission of steam behind the piston for beginning the next
stroke, substantially as described.
42. The combination with two steam cylinders, pistons and piston rods, and a
rocking beam connecting said piston rods, of single admission and exhaust
ports,,, for the respective cylinders, said ports k, having a connection
with the cylinder closed by the piston as it approaches the end of its stroke,
passages connecting said ports k, with the cylinder ports 6 beyond the move-
ment of the piston, and adjustable valves for controlling said ports 6, substantially
as described.
43. In a steam or similar engine, the combination with the steam chest and
steam actuated valve therein, of a starting device extending outside the steam
chest and stationary during the operation of the engine, substantially as described.
44. In a steam or similar engine, the combination with the steam chest and
steam valve therein, of a starting lever extending outside the steam chest and
having an arm within the steam chest between abutments connected to the valve
and arranged to engage one of said abutments for moving the valve in either
direction when the lever is operated and out of the path of movement of the abut-
ments when in its normal position whereby the lever is stationary during the
operation of the engine, substantially as described.
45. In a beam engine, the combination with a rod made in two parts, of con-
necting piece x, beam F, link y connected to the connecting piece x and pivot 14
connecting the end of the beam F to the link y and extending through an opening

page_text: in the connecting piece a formed to permit the movement of the pivot across the
line of the rod, substantially as described.
46. In a beam engine, the combination with a divided rod, of piece x for the
beam connection having the internally threaded split hub 10 for receiving the
threaded end of one part of the rod and one or more clamping bolts 12 for clamp-
ing the hub upon the rod, substantially as described.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.