IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY POR MANUFACTURING METALLIC SCREW NUTS
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Spence, of 50, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY POR MANUFACTURING METALLIC SCREW NUTS."-A communi-
cation from abroad by George Henry Knight, residing at Cincinnati, in
the State of Ohio, in the United States of North America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Spence at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
July 1864.
I, WILLIAM SPENCE, of 50, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING METALLIC SCREW NUTS,"
(being a communication to me from abroad by George Henry Knight, a
person resident at Cincinnati, in the State of Ohio, in the United States of
North America), to be as follows:-
This Invention has reference to the manufacture of metallic screw nuts
complete except as to the forming of the screw thread therein, and consists in
the several combinations of parts herein-after described,
The machine for this purpose is provided with a main shaft suitably
mounted in a frame, on which shaft are fixed cams adapted to work the tools
or instruments for effecting the several operations of cutting, swaging,
punching, and hammering, through the intervention of connecting mechanism).

page_text: The operation of cutting a required length from a bar of heated metal is
performed by means of a fixed holding jaw and a moveable cutting jaw
worked by a lever & cam, this moveable jaw being formed with a cavity to
receive the end of the bar of a depth corresponding with the length required
to be cut off.
The operation of swaging is performed by means of a die, which is dished
in the form corresponding with that required to be given to the face of the
nut, such die being formed or fixed on the end of a hinged arm and being
brought down as required upon the blank by the action of a cam, and raised
therefrom by the reaction of a spring fixed to the bed underneath the said
arm, the blank having been previously placed under the die by means of a
pusher and spring guides.
The operation of punching is performed by means of a punch contained in
the swaging die, which punch is forced through the blank by the action of a
tappet cam, while the blank is held down by the swaging die, the latter being
withdrawn by the spring fixed to the bed (as before stated), and the punch
being drawn back into the body of the die by the action of a cam on an arm
or lever connected to the punch holder.
a
After the foregoing operations of swaging & punching, the blank is
advanced by the pusher before referred to against yielding holder, by which
it is held in the requisite position to receive the point of a mandril elevated by
means of a cam, the further rising of which mandril lifts the blank from the
holder and allows the latter to be withdrawn by a spring.
And the operation of hammering the sides of the nut is performed by two
horizontal hammers projected by strong springs and withdrawn by cams so as
to hammer the sides of the nut against fixed anvils, the nut being held firmly
on the point of the mandril, and pressed upon by a clamp brought down upon
it by a cam. The mandril is forced farther through the hole in the nut so as
to complete its required form, and is then withdrawn therefrom by a cam and
arms, and the clamp is also withdrawn by a spring, when the liberated nut is
moved by a finger into the position required for receiving the final hammering
on the top and bottom by the descent of a vertical trip hammer, after which
it is discharged from the machine through an aperture. The horizontal and
vertical hammers are each provided with a collar and cushion in order to
prevent injury to the parts when set in motion while the machine is empty.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Spence in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
19th December 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
SPENCE, late of 50, Chancery Lane, but now of 8, Quality Court, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex; Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said William Spence, Her special license that I, the said William Spence,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
William Spence, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING METALLIC SCREW NUTS," a communication from
abroad by George Henry Knight, of Cincinnati, Ohio, in the United States of
America, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Spence,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Spence, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
This Invention of " Improvements in Machinery for Manufacturing
Metallic Screw Nuts," has reference to the manufacture of the same complete
as to the forming of the screw thread therein, and consists in the several
combinations of parts herein-after described.
The machine for this purpose is provided with a main shaft suitably mounted
in a frame, on which shaft are fixed cams adapted to work the tools or instru-

page_text: ments for effecting the several operations of cutting, swaging, punching, and
hammering, through the intervention of connecting mechanism.
The operation of cutting a required length from a bar of heated metal is
performed by means of a fixed holding jaw and a moveable cutting jaw
worked by a lever and cam, this moveable jaw being formed with a cavity to
receive the end of a bar of a depth corresponding with the length required to
be cut off.
The operation of swaging is performed by means of a die which is dished
in the form corresponding with that required to be given to the face of the
nut, such die being formed or fixed on the end of a hinged arm and being
brought down as required upon the blank by the action of a cam, and raised
therefrom by the reaction of a spring fixed to the bed underneath the said
arm, the blank having been previously placed under the die by means of a
pusher and spring guides.
The operation of punching is performed by means of a punch contained in
the swaging die, which punch is forced through the blank by the action of a
tappet cam, while the blank is held down by the swaging die, the latter being
withdrawn by the spring fixed to the bed (as before stated) and the punch
being drawn back into the body of the die by the action of a cam on an arm
or lever connected to the punch holder.
After the foregoing operations of swaging and punching, the blank is
advanced by the pusher before referred to against a yielding holder, by which
it is held in the requisite position to receive the point of a mandril, elevated
by means of a cam, the further rising of which mandril lifts the blank from
the holder, and allows the latter to be withdrawn by a spring.
And the operation of hammering the sides of the nut is performed by two
horizontal hammers projected by strong springs and withdrawn by cams, so as
to hammer the sides against fixed anvils, the nut being held firmly on the
point of the mandril and pressed upon by a clamp brought down upon it by
a cam. The mandril is forced further through the hole in the nut, so as to
complete its required form, and is then withdrawn therefrom by a cam and
arms, and the clamp is also withdrawn by a spring, when the liberated nut
is moved by a finger into the position required for receiving the final
hammering on the top and bottom by the descent of a vertical trip hammer,
after which it is discharged from the machine through an aperture. The
horizontal and vertical hammers are each provided with a collar and cushion
in order to prevent injury to the parts when set in motion while the machine
is empty.

page_text: Having thus stated the nature of the said Invention, I will proceed to
describe more particularly in what manner the same is to be performed by the
aid of the accompanying Drawings, in which are represented the parts of
mechanism above referred to.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS...
J
:
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a machine embodying the improvements;
Fig. 2 is a horizontal section taken in the line X, X; Fig. 3 is a vertical
section taken in the line y, y; Fig. 4 is a vertical section taken in the
line z, z; Fig. 5 is a vertical section taken in the line x, y; Fig. 6 is à
vertical section taken in the line x, z; Fig. 7 is a vertical section taken in
the line y, z; Fig. 8 represents in perspective. the fixed holding jaw and
mechanism connected therewith. In all these several Figures the same
letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.
proper
A is a horizontal bed or bench supported at a suitable elevation on feet or
framing a, a; B, B, are standards or supports for the horizontal shaft C, on
which are fixed cams for effecting, through the mechanism connected there-
with, the several operations of cutting, swaging, punching, and hammering.
The bar Z from which a blank is required to be cut after being properly
heated, is fed along a converging way or channel D, and underneath a fixed or
stationary jaw E, until a sufficient length to form a blank rests upon a movable
jaw F (see Fig. 4), the shoulder f of which serves as a stop or guage to
regulate the insertion of the bar Z, while the lip f' of the said moveable jaw
confines the bar in its place and prevents it from bending or. rising during
the cutting operation. The moveable jaw F is then raised at the time
by the action of the cam 1 on the end of the lever to which the said jaw is
connected, and by this means, in conjunction with the fixed or stationary jaw E,
is caused to sever the required length from the bar. The moveable jaw F with
the severed length of metal is kept in a raised position by the cam 1 long
enough to be acted upon by a pusher G, which is now advanced by means of
a grooved cam 2 (see Fig. 3), far enough to shift the blank to its next
position. The severed length.or blank is guided in its transposition by two
yielding guides H, H', (see Fig. 8), between which it is forced by the pusher G.
I, (Fig. 5), is the swaging die, underneath which the blank has been placed
by the pusher G and guides H, H. This die has a dished face on its under
side corresponding in form with that intended to be given to the
upper face
of the nut. K is a punch inserted in a central aperture in the die, which die
is caused by the action of a cam 3 to swage the upper face and shoulders of
the nut, and to hold it firmly against displacement, while the punch K is, by

page_text: means of the cam 4, forced downwards through the blank, the wad or
punching escaping through a hole L. The die I is then withdrawn by the
re-action of the spring J, and the punch is drawn back again into the body of
the die by means of a cam 5 pressing on an arm or lever M (see Fig. 4),
connected to the punch holder. The blank, after the operations of swaging
and punching as above described, is again advanced by the pusher G until it
enters a yielding holder N, by which it is held in position to receive the point
of a mandril O, which is at this moment elevated by means of a cam 6, and
the continued elevation of the mandril O lifting the blank clear of the holder N
the latter is restored to its original position by the spring P (see Fig. 2). The
blank is now held up by the mandril O, at a slight distance from and parallel to
two vertical anvils Q, Q', (see Fig. 2), and is additionally secured by the
downward pressure of a clamp R, acted upon by a cam 7. While thus
clamped the blank is beaten successively on either side farthest from each
anvil respectively by means of two hammers S, S'; which, on being alternately
drawn back by their respective cams 8 and 9, are alternately projected with
force against the sides of the blank by the springs 8' and 91. The blank
being held by the mandril O a little clear of the anvils Q, Q, is driven
violently against them in the action of hammering so as to impart a forged
finish to every side of the blank. In the Drawings each hammer is shewn as
.arranged to give two blows, but this arrangement might be varied by altering
the cams 8 and 9. The mandril O having been still further raised by the
cam 6, is forced upwards through the blank, thereby completing the requisite
form of the eye therein, after which the mandril is forcibly withdrawn from
the blank by the cam 10 and arms 10¹ and 11". The clamp R being now
withdrawn by the spring T, the liberated blank is pushed by a finger U acted
upon by a cam 11 and finger 11' underneath a trip hammer V, which, being
brought down by means of the cam 12 is caused to give the top and bottom
surfaces their finish. The now completely forged nut is discharged through
an aperture W by means of a finger X, worked by a cam 13. Each hammer
S, S', and V has a collar Y and cushion y to prevent injury to the parts
when set in motion while the machine is empty.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention communicated
to me from abroad as aforesaid, I hereby declare that what I claim as of the
Invention is,-
First, the fixed or stationary jaw adapted to receive the bar underneath it
in combination with the feed way and upward cutting moveable jaw, as
herein-before described.
Secondly, the above-described combination of pusher and yielding guides.

page_text: Thirdly, the combination of the swaging die and punch with the mechanism
by which they are worked, as described.
Fourthly, the combination of fixed anvils, mandril, and alternating hammers,
arranged and caused to operate as described.
Fifthly, the combination of a yielding holder with the mandril, in the
manner and for the purpose described.
And, lastly, the adaptation and application of collars and cushions to the
hammers for the purpose stated.
I
In witness whereof, I, the said William Spence, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Nineteenth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
Witness,
W. A. JACKSON,
8, Quality Court,
Chancery Lane.
WILLIAM SPENCE. (L.B.)