IMPROVEMENTS IN SLOW COMBUSTION STOVES
Year: 1884

page_text: I ELI JAGGER of 281 Lee Street Oldham in the County of Lancaster Iron
and Tin Plate Worker, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SLOW COMBUSTION STOVES" to be as follows :-
=
A cast iron circular grate or cage is suspended inside a vertical cylinder of sheet
iron, steel or other metal thus forming a cavity between the fire (contained in the
cage) and the outside casing, which is sub-divided by the vertical bars of the cage
being angular in cross section so as to allow the full radiation of the heat-two of
the bars at the back projecting so as to touch the outside case and so forming a
separate passage to the flue and compelling the air which can only enter at the
bottom of the stove to pass through the fire before reaching the flue. The bottom
of this circular grate or cage is enclosed by a flat grid or grating curved at the back
to suit the curve of the outer casing and at the front to suit the inner casing and
with straight or parallel sides which slide in suitable grooves-the back of this
grating is formed solid so as to shut up the passage to the flue or to open it at
convenience whilst the front is provided with a projecting shank and handle.
Beneath the circular grate is a cast iron box or frame forming the bottom or stand
for the whole stove by preference of octagonal shape and with an open front into
which slides a drawer of similar shape to catch the ashes.
Over this drawer is another opening with a hinged door to allow the withdrawal
of the bottom grating—a small slot or opening being also provided in the door to
allow the shank or handle to pass through when the door is closed.
This construction of stove affords facility for adjusting the draught to the greatest
nicety, as the admission of air is capable of being controlled by opening the bottom
drawer more or less, whilst the drawing out of the sliding grate bar so as to
allow more or less air to enter the flue at the back is another feature of my
invention.

page_text: "
I ELI JAGGER, of 281 Lee Street, Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Iron
and Tin Plate Worker, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN SLOW COMBUSTION STOVES," and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
A cast iron circular grate or cage is suspended or otherwise supported inside a
vertical cylinder of sheet iron, steel or other metal thus forming a cavity between
the fire (contained in the cage) and the outside casing, which is sub-divided by the
vertical bars of the cage, being angular in cross section so as to allow the full
radiation of the heat-two of the bars at the back projecting so as to touch the
outside case and so forming a separate passage to the flue and compelling the air
which can only enter at the bottom of the stove to pass through the fire before
reaching the flue.
The bottom of this circular grate or cage is enclosed by a flat grid or grating
curved at the back to suit the curve of the outside casing, and at the front to suit
-the inner casing, and with straight or parallel sides which slide in suitable grooves-
the back of this grating is formed solid so as to shut up the passage to the flue or
to open it as a convenience whilst the front is provided with a projecting shank
and handle. Beneath the circular grate is a cast iron box or frame forming the
bottom or stand for the whole stove by preference of octagonal shape and with an
open front into which slides a drawer of similar shape to catch the ashes. Over
this drawer is another opening with a hinged door to allow the withdrawal of the
bottom grating a small slot or opening being provided in the door to allow the
shank or handle to pass through when the door is closed.
This construction of stove affords facility for adjusting the draught to the greatest
nicety as the admission of air is capable of being controlled by opening the bottom
drawer more or less, whilst the drawing out of the sliding grate bar so as to
allow more or less air to enter the flue at the back is another feature of my
invention.
Fig. 1 is a front elevation. Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation. Fig. 3 a sectional
plan on line A-B in Fig. 1 and Fig. 4 is a detached plan view of the bottom
grid.
In all the views A is a (by preference) cast iron circular grate or cage, supported.
as hereinafter described inside a sheet metal cylinder or casing B thus forming a
cavity between the fire (contained in the case A) and the casing B. The bars of the
circular grate A are seen in cross section in Fig. 3 and permit the full radiation of
the fire on to the casing B. Two or more of these bars preferably four project
beyond the others and subdivide the annular space so forming a separate passage X
to the flue C, and compelling the air which can only enter at the bottom of the
stove to pass through the fire before reaching the flue C. D is a hopper forming
an extension of the cage A for feeding the fuel, The upper part of the stove is
closed in and made perfectly tight by the cover E and sand joint F.
The bottom of the circular grate or cage A is closed by a flat grid or grating G
(seen detached in Fig. 4) and which is curved at the back to suit the curve of the

page_text: outer casing and at the front to suit the inner casing. This grid G slides in
suitable grooves H formed in the cage A.
The back of this grating is formed solid so as to close the passage X to the flue
or open it at convenience. The front is provided with a projecting shank or
handle I for this purpose. The grating G thus acts as a damper to control the
draught. It will be observed that the enclosing sides of the passage X are formed
by the two projecting bars a (see Fig. 3) of the cage A being extended into
touching contact with the outer casing B.
Beneath the circular grate A is a cast iron box or frame J forming the bottom or
stand for the whole stove by preference of octagonal shape and with an open front
into which slides a drawer K of similar shape to catch the ashes.-This box or
frame J is also provided with projecting lugs L which support the cage A-Any
expansion of this cage through heat thus takes place upwards and does not affect
the lower part of the stove-A hinged door M is provided above the ash drawer
through which the bottom grating G can be withdrawn or adjusted with regard to
the passage X a slot N being formed in such door to permit the handle I to pass
to the outside. O is a damper for controlling the draught in the flue C.
Many important advantages follow in the wake of this novel method of carrying
the fire and surrounding it with an air space in lieu of the usual fire-clay-lining.
The air has access to the fire all round the brazier or cage A and consequently a
uniform rate of combustion is secured in all parts of the stove, regulated by the air
supply. The present system of slow combustion stoves, in which the air is intro-
duced to the fire at one place, causes an intense local heat at that point and is
the cause of much of the clinkering and resulting inconvenience. The products of
combustion and radiant heat from the brazier acting direct on the outer casing,
without the intervention of any fire-clay or non-conducting substance a greater
heating capacity is obtained with a lower rate of combustion and the charge lasts
correspondingly longer. As the charge burns down the ashes produced fall out of the
brazier direct into the ash tray. Any residue of the ash which may lie on the grate
does not tend to choke the stove, as the air can always pass freely through the side
of the brazier to supply combustion in the upper part though the lower part be full
of ash. After the stove has been burning, some hours, all that is necessary before
refilling is a gentle shaking of the grate to cause the remaining ash to fall into the
ash tray and this may be done without the least dust escaping into the room.
Having thus particularly described the nature of this my invention I wish it to
be understood that I do not confine myself to the proportions of the various parts
or to the circular form as it will be obvious that my improved stove could be
formed in square, hexagonal or other section without departing from the invention
but what I claim is
1st In combination with the cage A the sliding bottom or grating G acting as a
damper for checking the draught substantially as hereinbefore described and
illustrated on the accompanying drawing.
2nd The peculiar construction of bars surrounding and constituting the fire-
place and forming the cage whereby the cinders are rendered self clearing and
prevented being locked between the bars, and open at the bottom to ensure a clear
passage into the drawer or ash tray beneath substantially as and for the purpose
herein before described and illustrated on the accompanying drawing.
JOHN G. WILSON,
Agent for Applicant.