IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BOILING AND EVAPORATING
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Adams, of Bridge House, Bow, and William
Cornwell White, of King Street, Regent Street, both in the County of
Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
BOILING AND EVAPORATING."
Sealed the 27th May 1863, and dated the 28th November 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Adams and William
Cornwell White at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 28th November 1862.
We, JAMES ADAMS, of Bridge House, Bow, and WILLIAM CORNWELL
WHITE, of King Street, Regent Street, both in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR BOILING AND EVAPORATING," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of certain improvements in apparatus suitable for
boiling and evaporating solutions and liquids generally, and applicable to the
manufacture of sugar, preserves, sweetmeats, to preparations from drugs
and chemicals, and many other useful purposes.
We propose to construct a copper or other metal pan with a false bottom,
and to support the same by means of trunnions set in bearings on standards,
and to apply and fix to the interior and upper part of the pan a circular or
other form of tube, according to the shape of the pan or vessel. This tube is
perforated with a number of small holes, and is supplied with steam from a
boiler or with hot air which enters at one of the trunnions, which are to be
made hollow accordingly. The steam rushes. into the hollow chamber of the

page_text: pan or vessel by means of the rose-like apertures, and heats the same to the
required temperature for boiling or evaporating, according to the liquid, syrup,
or solution to be treated. From the bottom and interior of the hollow pan a
pipe ascends to the opposite trunnion in order that the water of condensation
may be forced up the pipe by the pressure of the steam and driven out of the
pan. By these arrangements a more equable heat will be distributed throughout
the surface of metal exposed to the liquid or solution, and the boiling tempe-
rature may be reached in a much shorter space of time than by the methods
at present in use.
Where a very great degree of beat is required we propose to modify the
foregoing arrangements and to use superheated steam. In this case we propose
to apply a coil of pipe in the hollow space between the pan or vessel, the
coil being perforated as before. Below the coil and intervening between it
and the bottom of the pan, a curved or bent plate, according to the shape of
the vessel, is to be fixed, in order to concentrate the heat upon the upper or
false bottom thereof. This arrangement of apparatus will be found most
valuable for those operations of boiling or evaporating where an extreme
degree of beat is necessary, and where the temperature of boiling water would
not be capable of useful application.
The forms of the pans or vessels and the arrangements for the inlet or exit
of the steam may be varied in many ways without departing from the general
principles and details we have described, and the pans and vessels may be
made of copper, iron, galvanised iron, or tinned iron, or of any other metal
suitable to the character of the solutions to be operated upon.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Adams and William Cornwall White in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 28th May 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
ADAMS, of Bridge House, Bow, and WILLIAM CORNWELL WHITE, of King
Street, Regent Street, both in the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said James Adams and William Cornwell White, Her special licence that
we, the said James Adams and William Cornwell, White, our executors,

page_text: administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said James Adams and
William Cornwell White, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BOILING AND EVAPORATING," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said James Adams and William Cornwell White, our
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said James Adams and William Cornwell
White, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer
tained in and by the following statement:-
This Invention consists of certain improvements in apparatus suitable for
boiling and evaporating solutions and liquids generally, and applicable to the
manufacture of sugar, preserves, sweetmeats, to preparations from drugs and
chemicals, and many other useful purposes.
We construct a copper or other metal pan, with a false bottom, and support
the same by means of trunnions set in bearings on standards, and apply
and fix to the interior of the pan a circular, spiral, or other form of tube
according to the shape of the pan or vessel. This tube is perforated with a
number of small holes, and is supplied with steam from a boiler or with hot
air, which enters at one of the trunnions formed hollow for the purpose.
The steam or hot air rushes into the hollow chamber of the pan by means
of the rose-like apertures, and beats it to the required temperature for boiling
or evaporating, according to the liquid, syrup, or solution to be treated.
From the bottom and interior of the hollow pan a pipe ascends to the
opposite trunnion in order that the water of condensation may be forced
up the pipe by the pressure of the steam and driven out of the pan. By these
arrangements a more equable heat will be distributed throughout the surface
of metal exposed to the liquid or solution, and the boiling temperature may be
reached in a much shorter space of time than by the methods at present
in use.
Where a very great degree of heat is required we modify the foregoing

page_text: arrangements and use superheated steam. In this case we apply a coil of
pipe in the hollow space between the pans or vessels, the coil being per-
forated as before. Below the coil and intervening between it and the bottom
of the outer pan, a curved or bent plate, according to the shape of the vessel,
is to be fixed in order to concentrate the heat upon the upper or false bottom
thereof. This arrangement of apparatus will be found most valuable for those
operations of boiling or evaporating where an extreme degree of heat is
necessary, and where the temperature of boiling water would not be capable of
useful application.
The forms of the pans or vessels and the arrangements for the inlet or exit
of the steam may be varied in many ways, and the pans or vessels may be
made of copper, iron, galvanised iron, or tinned iron, or of any other metals
suitable to the character of the solutions to be operated upon.
In order more fully to explain our said Invention we would refer to the
Sheet of Drawings annexed, in which Fig. 1 represents a side elevation of a
pan according to our Invention; Fig. 2 being a front view thereof, partly in
section, in order to shew the arrangement of coiled pipes between the inner
and outer pans, and the plate between the tubes and the outer pan. a repre-
sents the inner and 6 the outer pan; c, c, shew the arrangement of coiled
pipes, which are to have rose outlets or perforations on the side nearest to the
pan in order to throw the jets of steam or heated air on to the surface of the
inner pan. It will be seen by the Drawings that the pan is balanced or borne
on a fulcrum d, made of a V or pointed form, resting on a groove in the
standard or framework e; the short arm of the lever f is held down by the
rod g, connected to a regulated spring balance indicator h, by means of
the lever of the second order, i, to the centre of which the segmental series of
teeth are attached, gearing with the vertical rack 1, operating the pinion m,
attached to the indicating pointer n on the dial o; the objects of which
arrangements are that when the pan is supplied with liquid to be boiled or
evaporated the weight thereof may be known by the indicator, and the
amount of evaporation or loss by weight continually shewn. The dial is to be
furnished with a scale and numbers for the purpose, and as the pan becomes
lighter in the process of evaporation the spring will acquire greater power,
and force down the short arm of the lever, bringing up the long arm with the.
pan attached.
.
Fig. 3 shews a side view of a similar apparatus, excepting that the lever f is
of the second order and the spring of the indicator closed. p shews the plate
between the coiled tubes and the outer pan for the purpose of throwing the
heat against the inner pan, and q is the pipe to convey the water of conden-

page_text: sation away from the pans; this pipe may also be placed between the pans
and emerge from the opposite journal or bearing to that through which the
steam enters at r. In some cases instead of a system of coiled tubes we cast
in the outer pan a band or spiral of sufficient width to make contact throughout
with the inner pan, whereby the steam is caused to traverse the series and
circulate around the inner pan. We also apply flexible junctions for the
steam to enter the lever f, which is made hollow for the purpose, and the
hollow shaft of the pan has an oval aperture to allow the passage of the
steam between the pans.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, we would remark in conclusion that we do
not confine ourselves to the precise detail and configuration of parts we
have described and shewn, as the same may obviously be varied or. modified
without departing from the principle of our Invention, neither do we lay any
claim to the arrangement of the double pans; but what we claim and
desire to be secured to us by the herein in part recited Letters Patent are, the
application of the coil of pipes or other equivalent between the two pans, the
application of the plate between the pipes and outer pan, and the arrange-
ments for weighing the contents thereof and carrying off the water of conden-
sation, substantially as herein described and shewn.
In witness whereof, we, the said James Adams and William Cornwell
White, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-seventh
day of May, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
Witness,
ALEX³. PRINCE,
Office for Patents,
4, Trafalgar Square,
Charing Cross.
JAS. ADAMS.
(I.S.)
W. C. WHITE. (L.S.)