IMPROVEMENTS IN DRY CLOSETS, PRO
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Heap, Dry Closet Manufacturer, of
No. 1, City Road, Hulme, Manchester, in the County of Lan-
cashire, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRY CLOSETS,
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Heap at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd June 1873.
I, JOSEPH HEAP, Dry Closet Manufacturer, of No. 1, City Road,
Hulme, Manchester, in the County of Lancashire, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRY CLOSETS,
COMMODES, AND URINALS, AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in apparatus employed
for casting or distributing a given quantity of dry earth or fine dry
ashes produced from coal, wood, peat, or from household sweepings of

page_text: floors, or any other kind of dry absorbing and deodorizing substances of
a powdery nature, all hereafter referred to as deodorant over excreta or
other putrescible matter, all hereafter referred to as matter "in" dry
closets, commodes, urinals, and receptacles for matter.
One kind of apparatus consists in a hopper being reduced in size at
the bottom, and made parallel. The hopper is fitted in a wood frame
or case extended in height above the hopper to admit of a cinder screen
at the back of hopper towards the top of parallel portion of hopper. I
fix a horizontal spindle passing in length the sides of hopper to admit of
plates with holes in to receive the end of spindle, which is swaged down
to form a hinge upon which the hopper is suspended. At the front and
top of parallel part of hopper is formed a slot opening full width to
admit of a plate, which is fixed to the inside of wood casings, and pro-
jecting inwards, so that by means of a handle or other self-acting
automatic arrangements the hopper is brought forward, the plate forcing
itself through the deodorant, preventing any further escape whilst in
the forward position. At the bottom or mouth opening of hopper is
another plate, which is fixed to the under side of seat, or to a portion of
wood frame projecting inwards to the back of hopper mouth, and being
the full width, so as to prevent any deodorant escaping when the hopper
is in its normal position.
To this apparatus I purpose applying the self-acting automatic
arrangement included in a Patent granted me on the 16th December
1869. I fit the cinder screen immediately above the hopper, and hinge
it to the front rail of case, making it to incline towards the back or to
either side of the closet. When fitted to the side I hinge the higher
end of screen to a wood rail, or to the side of case. I purpose making
the screen to move up and down by means of a vertical rod being
attached to the cross bar of hopper. This bar passes through the body
of hopper a little above the parallel portion, and is riveted to the back.
The front end is reduced, and made about ¾ in. round, projecting
forward in front a sufficient distance to admit of the handle, which is
screwed firmly on. I fit a buckle joint and an oval or oblong plate to
the under side of screen.
I also make bottom end of vertical rod to form a joint by means of a
small bolt passing through it and the cross bar in hopper. When the
handle is pulled out the hopper raises itself, lifting the screen up by its

page_text: forward motion, and instantly the handle is released the hopper falls
back and the screen drops suddenly, causing the fine ash to fall through
the screen into the hopper, and the cinders shoot themselves off into a
box provided to receive them.
I also purpose making the apparatus to work by having the handle
insorted in the seat, the shaft of handle connecting itself with a bell-
crank axle and lever rod. The lever rod I connect to one limb of crank,
and to a horizontal spindle passing in length, so as to come parallel with
the handle shaft, which is connected to the other limb of crank. When
the handle is raised the bottom of hopper is forced back, allowing a
discharge of deodorant to escape, and the screen is moved up and down
in the same manner as already described.
I also purpose making the hopper and screen to work by the self-
acting automatic arrangement operated by the depression of closet seat
having a horizontal spindle fixed to the back and lower portion of hopper,
and extending sufficient to receive the huckle joints, which are fitted to
rear ends of lever bars somewhat similar to the section, Fig. 4, in a
Patent granted me on the 16th December 1869.
I also purpose making the apparatus to work in the manner described
by means of pulleys and cord or chain being connected to cranks and
axles fixed in and connected with the entrance closet door, so that
when the door is opened and closed the apparatus works as already
described.
I also purpose making the apparatus to work by means of a pivoted
hinged step or footboard, and applying the self-acting automatic
arrangement with the lever bars, huckle joints, and weights already
alluded to, and connecting them with the footboard instead of the closet
seat.
I also purpose making the apparatus self-acting by means of having a
quadrant plate and joints fixed to the hopper, and to the back edge of
seat, flap, or cover, the flap being hinged to a rail, and the hinged plate
being screwed on the surface of the seat, the quadrant plate connecting
the hopper and the flap, so that when the flap is raised the hopper is
forced back, its normal position in this case being forward.
Another form of Apparatus.-I make a wood frame to receive a
hopper, which is suspended upon pivots or trunnions passing through

page_text: the sides of wood frame, which I extend in height above the hopper to
receive a door and ash screener. The screen I make of wire, or in
preference I use perforated zinc plate. This screen I place at such an
angle as to cause the cinders to roll or shoot themselves off into a box
provided to receive them. The screen I make to incline towards the
back of closet; but in many cases, owing to the construction or position
of existing closets, I purpose fixing the screen so as to incline to cither
side of closet. The supply of household ashes can be arranged through
a door formed in front immediately above the hopper, or through an
opening at the back or either side of closet. In this form I purpose
having a shoot fitted in such a position as to guide the cinders and ashes
to the upper end of screen. The hopper I purpose using for containing
and discharging the deodorant is somewhat similar to the one in section,
Fig. 1, in a Patent granted me the 16th December 1869, having the
shoe or tray fixed to the hopper, and the handle inserted in the seat
fitted and connected with bell-crank axle and lever rod.
I also purpose fitting the handle to the front of hopper by means of a
shaft passing through the hopper, and extending in front about
2 inches. To this shaft I fix a handle, which when pulled sharply
forward discharges a given quantity of deodorant from the shoe tray,
and when the handle is released the hopper falls back into its normal
position, and by its action causes the fire-ash to fall through the screen
into the hopper in readiness to be cast on to the matter by the
using the closet. This apparatus can be fixed in the thickness of a
4-inch wall, forming a cross partition, or it can be fixed in the outer
wall, which would be advantageous, especially where the closets are of
small size.
person
Another form of Apparatus.-I make a wood case or frame somewhat
similar to the one already described, extending in height to receive a
cinder screen and door for receiving household ashes. Beneath the
screen I form a hopper of wood, and fit the back at such an accute angle
as to prevent the deodorant lodging or resting in or upon the hopper.
At the lower end of hopper I continue a shoot of sufficient length to
guide the deodorant on to the matter.
I also use an apparatus for containing and discharging a given
quantity of deodorant. The apparatus is placed immediately above the
hopper, and is made to slide to and fro like a drawer. The case or

page_text: frame has top, bottom, and sides; the half of the top of case towards
the back has an opening to allow the deodorant to receed into the
drawer. When it is in its back or normal position in the bottom of
case towards the front I form another opening about the same size as
the one in the top of case, the drawer having neither top nor bottom,
but having on the top towards the back and extending sufficient a plate,
so as to cover the top opening, and preventing any escape of deodorant.
when the drawer is pulled forward; when forward the contents of
drawer fall through the bottom opening into the hopper, which guides it
on to the matter, I fix a spring to the back of drawer, and to the frame-
work which keeps the drawers back in its normal position.
Above the apparatus I form a cinder sifter similar to those already
described, or in preference I form a container or reservoir for deodorant,
which can be supplied by an extending shaft which I shall hereafter
fully describe.
Another form of Apparatus.-I construct a slide box, which is made
of an iron frame, being wider in front than back. In the slide box I
form louvers of strong sheet iron, which are loosely pivoted to the sides
of box, and when in their formal position, being backward, they overlap
each other. At the back and top surface of slide box I form a plate;
this plate, when the slide box is in its forward position, prevents any
further escape of deodorant from the hopper; this hopper I purpose
making in a similar form as the ones already alluded instead of having
a shoe or tray, and an opening in front of bottom or dumshed portion of
hopper; the opening is at the bottom on the horizontal surface, fitting
closely upon the surface plate of slide box. The hopper is suspended at
the top loosely upon trunions. I fix two plates or bars at a distance
from the under side of scat inclining to the front at the same pitch as
the bottom of urine guard or pinn. The plates have slots or notched
openings, and are placed out of parallel corresponding with slide box, so
that when the slide box is brought forward to the required distance its
being charged with deodorant, and immediately the louvers come over
their respective notches they fall into a vertical position, allowing the
deodorant to fall through on to the matter. I purpose making the slide
box to be worked by means of a handle inserted into the seat, the shaft of
handle passing downwards, and connecting itself to one limb of an axle
or bell crank. I fit a lever or connecting rod to the other limb of crank,
and to a horizontal shaft. This shaft I fix to the under side of seat, or

page_text: to a suitable wood rail, by means of a vertical spindle, the horizontal
shaft cliping the spindle forming a hinge. The other end of shaft I fit
to the under side of back portion of slide box with a slot working against
a vertical pin fitted to the box. When the handle is raised the slide box
is brought forward. I apply a weight and pulley, or suitable spring
fixed at the back of slide box or to the horizontal shaft to bring it back
into its normal position each time the handle is released.
I also purpose applying levers and weights, and connecting them to a
horizontal spindle fixed to the back portion of slide box and to small
nuckle joints fitted to the under side of closet seat somewhat similar to
section, Fig. 4, in a Patent granted me 16th December 1869.
Another form of Apparatus.-I purpose making a circular horizontal
box having top and bottom, the ½ space being open and fronting the seat
hole. I fit a hopper of similar form to the last named. In the top plate of
cylinder box I form an opening immediately under the bottom or mouth
of hopper to allow the deodorant to proceed. Into cylinder box I fix
a vertical shaft or axle to the under side of wood frame, to which frame
I fix cylinder box. The axle projects down sufficient to receive a ratchet
or cogg wheel, or a circular horizontal plate with slot holes or notches
in it, and the wheel or plate I fix arms or shafts. At the end of these
arms I form box divisions for receiving the deodorant. As the plate or
wheel is moved round I fit a bottom in the divisions, being suspended
on pivots at each end loosely. I form a bar which lifts the bottom of
division box up as it works round after having dropped its contents on
to the matter. I form a handle, which is inserted into the seat, the
shaft of handle passing down below the under side of seat.
connect to the one limb of a bell crank or axle crank, and to the other
limb of crank I connect a rod; the other or extreme end of rod is
formed with a paul, tooth, or pin placed in such a position as to work in
the ratchet or slot holes of plate or wheel.
The shaft I
Another form of Apparatus.-I make a cinder screen with a wood or
iron frame, the bottom being wired; or in preference I use stout per-
forated zinc plate. The frame I hinge to the framework of closet, and
inclining to either side or back. To this form of screen I make no claim,
having knowledge of similar screens used for the past twenty-five years.
The novel improvement I make is the self-acting and hand mechanical
motion by the self-acting motion. The seat is hinged to a rail pro-
jecting from the body of closet a sufficient distance to allow the seat

page_text: when raised to lean back, so that the whole space, size of seat, is open
for the purpose of using the closet for a urinal. I form a lever bar,
which passes from front of closet seat by the side of wood bearer, the
front end being bent upwards to bear against a plate fixed to the under
side of front of seat; at the other end I connect by means of a nuckle
joint and vertical rod the cinder screen at its lower end, so that by
means of a pivot or fulcrum passing loosely through the lever bar, and
fixing itself to the wood bearer, the front of seat when in its normal
position being about 1 inch above the riser board and bearers; and when
depressed by the person using the closet the rear end of lever is raised,
lifting the screen by its upward movement. When the seat is released
by the weight of screen and the household ashes it falls suddenly down,
causing the cinders to shoot themselves off. Having exhibited a model
closet with a similar screen at York Chambers, King Street, Manchester,
in the month of February 1870, I can make no claim to it.
The mechanical and novel arrangement of working the screen by
hand I have fully described herein-before.
Another form of Apparatus for Urinal.-I make a receptacle either
round, oblong, or square of iron, or other kind of metal or wood, hopper
shape, fixed at a convenient height from the ground or floor. At the
bottom of receptacle I form a plate hereafter called a valve. This valve
is made to overlap the bottom of receptacle. I fix a shaft or arm to the
under side of valve, extending some distance to admit of a slot opening;
in this slot I suspend a weight loosely. To the body of receptacle I fix
a plate with hinge joint connecting the arm or shaft of valve. The
weight inclines to fall to the end of arm when in its normal position,
keeping the valve closed until a sufficient weight of saturated deodorant
in the receptacle counterbalances the weight, and the valve opens and
allows the matter to fall through into a pit or receptacle provided to
receive it. To this receptacle I make no claim, having knowledge of
similar ones being made for the past seven years.
The form of apparatus I purpose for containing and discharging
deodorant in urinals is the same in every respect as the first one
described in this Specification; I make it self-acting by means of a
pivoted foot plate having lever bars and weights and vertical rods con-
nected to the foot plate, so that when the weight of person standing
on the plate the rear end of lever bars are raised, forcing the bottom of
hopper back, and allowing a discharge of deodorant to take place.

page_text: I also purpose making the apparatus to work by means of bell crank,
axle, pullys, and cord, chain, or rods and weights, having a ring or
handle hanging down from ceiling or side wall, which when pulled
works the apparatus, causing it to discharge the deodorant.
I also purpose making the apparatus work by means of pulleys, cord,
chain, or rod and weights, being connected to the entrance door of
urinal so that each time the door is opened and shut as discharge of
deodorant takes place.
Another form of apparatus consists in a wood or metal shaft. By means
of this shaft I purpose supplying the deodorant to the various closets
situated on the different floors in houses, mills, or other buildings, and
by the same shaft discharging the matter from the receptacles of closets
on the different floors. The closets will be constructed one directly over
the other. The shaft I make about 11×8 inch square form. This
shaft extends from the bottom, or ground, or basement floor up to the
uppermost floor in the building, and at and directly above the top closet
I purpose having a room to store dry deodorant in. The top of shaft I
hinge a lid for the purpose of preventing up current.
The way in which
I supply the deodorant to each closet is by means of a door being
formed in front of shaft at a little distance above the apparatus. This
door I hinge upon pivots and plates, the top edge of door having a bevil
joint inwards, and the bottom edge outwards. To the front of door I
fix a shaft with a handle projecting through the front casings of
deodorant reservoir. The end fixed to the door is made hinge form.
In the shaft, just in front of casings, I form a hole to admit of a padlock,
so as to prevent it being moved, except at the time when the reservoir
requires changing. When the handle is forced inwards, the door being
pivoted towards the bottom, it is thrown back, filling and forming
bottom in shaft at such an angle as to cause the deodorant to shoot
itself into the apparatus and reservoir. I connect the iron pipe of fixed a
receptacle at an acute angle to the shaft, so that when the matter
is discharged from any of the closets it descends down the shaft to the
place prepared to receive it.
The fixed receptacle, with iron pipe attached, is same in every respect
as the one alluded to in Patent granted me on the 16th December 1869, 3

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Joseph Heap in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 3rd December 1878.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
HEAP, Dry Closet Manufacturer, of No. 1, City Road, Hulme, Man-
chester, in the County of Lancashire, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Third day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Joseph Heap, Her special licence
that I, the said Joseph Heap, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Joseph Heap, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRY CLOSETS, COM-
MODES, AND URINALS AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Joseph Heap, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Heap, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the three Sheets of
Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked.
thereon (that is to say) :-
My Invention relates to improvements in apparatus for containing
and distributing deodorant to be used in closets, commodes, and urinals
and apparatus connected therewith.

page_text: The action for distributing the deodorant may be effected either by
hand or by an automatic arrangement operated by the weight of the
person depressing the seat, or by the opening and closing of the flap or
cover of seat, or by a footboard or plate being depressed by the person
standing upon it, or by the opening and closing of the entrance closet
door.
I will now endeavour to explain the apparatus as per Figure 1, which
is shown to be worked by hand.
The apparatus for containing and distributing the deodorant is made
hopper shape, the bottom portion being reduced in size and made parallel,
and is protected by a wood or metal case extending in height to admit
of a cinder screen and supply door for receiving household ashes or
deodorant. The hopper is suspended by means of a horizontal spindle
passing the sides of hopper and fitting into socket plates, forming a
hinge for ends of spindle, the socket plates being screwed or bolted to
the foundation board of hopper case. Through the body of hopper I fix
a plate, to which I attach the vertical rod, which is connected to a joint
plate which is fixed to the under side of screener. The screener I hinge
at the top end to wood rail. I fix a joint plate to the top and front side
of hopper, to which the shaft of handle is connected by means of a small
bolt forming a hinge joint, so that when the handle is pulled out the
hopper is brought forward, raising the screen and forcing the dis-
connecting plate through the deodorant, opening the mouth of hopper,
allowing a discharge of deodorant to escape from the parallel portion of
hopper on to the matter.
Section and elevation, Fig. 2, has part reference to this apparatus,
and shows the trunnions passing through the sides of case and top portion
of hopper.
As it is my intention of applying the self-acting automatic arrange-
ment of the seat; also the self-acting arrangement of the seat flap or
cover by means of a quadrant plate and joints being fixed to the flap
and hopper; also the pull up handle arrangement operated by means of
bell-crank axles and connecting rod, same as are included in a Patent
granted me on the 16th December 1869.
Description of Fig. 1.-A, supply door; B, shoot or guide board;

page_text: F, reservoir; G, vertical rod; H, hopper; I, disconnecting plate;
J, mouth plate to prevent escape of deodorant when the apparatus is in
its normal position; K and L, joint of spindle, it being my intention to
vary the position of spindle; U., G., urine guard.
Fig. 2 having reference to Fig. 1.-P, trunnions for suspending
hopper for automatic quadrant plate and pull up handle arrangements;
N, mouth opening for disconnecting plate; M, mouth of hopper;
O, spindle for supporting hopper; Q, bearers for fixing case to section.
Fig. 3 is another form of Apparatus.-I purpose making a wood or
metal case to receive the hopper apparatus, which is extended in height
to admit of a cinder screener and door for supplying household ashes.
In this case the supply door is formed at the back, and hinged on the
bottom edge to wood casings to each end. Inside of door I fix a quadrant
plate of metal, so as to enclose the ends of door when opened to prevent
escape of cinders and ash when thrown in. Along the inside bottom
edge of door I fix a metal slip to prevent any ash getting into joint of
door. I also provide a pin or stop screw, which overlaps the top edge
of quadrant plate and holds the door at a given angle, as shown by
dotted lines. I fix a wood shoot to guide the ashes on to the top end of.
screener. The hopper I purpose using is the one with fixed shoe, similar
to Fig. 1, Sheet 1, Patent granted me 16th December 1869. Through
the body of hopper I fix a plate or shaft, which I rivet to the back of
hopper, which is reduced in size to about inch, and projecting forward
about 2 inches; to this the handle is fixed. I form a cinder screener
in every respect same as Fig. 1 already described. When the handle is
pulled sharply forward the hopper strikes against the inner edge of
opening in foundation board, discharging the deodorant which is lodged
upon the shoe or tray owing to the position of the trunnions. When
the handle is released the hopper falls back into its normal position.
Description of Fig. 3.-A, supply door; B, quadrant plate; C, shoot;
D, cinder screener; E, vertical rod; F, hopper; G, shoot and cinder
box; H, door of cinder box; c, pin or stop screw of quadrant plate as
per dotted lines; I, shaft.
Fig. 4 and 5 has reference to another form of apparatus. I make a
case of wood or metal extending in height to receive a screener and supply
door; beneath the screener I form a hopper diminishing in size, and
beneath the hopper I form the apparatus for containing and discharging

page_text: deodorant; the outer box has sides top and bottom; one portion of top has
an aperture to receive the deodorant, and one portion of the bottom has
an aperture for discharging. I form another box to slide inside the
outer one which has sides back and partition across about middle, forming
a space for holding a supply of deodorant which takes place when the
handle is pulled out, it brings the top aperture of supply box directly
under the aperture of outer box when the deodorant drops into the
aperture of inner box, and by means of a spring on weights and pulleys
the supply box is brought back into its normal position, when the bottom
aperture comes directly over the aperture of outer box, and discharges
its contents on to the shoot, which is fixed at such an angle as to guide
the deodorant on to the matter.
In some cases I purpose reversing the action of this apparatus by
having its normal position forward, I also purpose making it self-acting
by an automatic arrangement of the seat by means of lever bars,
weights, joint plates, and fulcrums, and also by means of having a
handle inserted in the seat having bell-crank axles, and connecting rod
similar to Figs. 1 and 4, in Patent granted me 16th December 1869.
Description of Fig. 5.-E, supply door; F, shoot for guiding household
ashes on the upper end of screener; G, cinder screener; H, hopper or
reservoir; N, cinder shoot and box; O, door of cinder box; I, supply
box; J, hopper shoot; K, spring; L, bottom of outer box; M, top of
outer box; Q, aperture in top of outer box; R, aperture in top of inner
box; S, aperture in bottom of inner box; T, aperture in bottom of outer
box; P, handle; U, G, urine guard.
Fig. 4 has reference to Fig. 5, being the elevation of the same.
D, supply door; A, reservoir or top hopper; B, apparatus for receiving
and discharging%3B C, hopper shoot; E, sides of case; F, bottom or
foundation board of case; G, bearers for fixing case and seat to.
Fig. 6 and 7 has reference to another form of Apparatus. The hopper
I purpose using is reduced in size towards the bottom and made parallel,
being open on its horizontal surface, the front part being rather open
when in its backward position, but more so when in its front or normal
position; the hopper I suspend loosely upon trunnions at the upper end
and in such a form as to keep it inclined to fall back against the
back end of slide box, which is made out of parallel, being wider in
front and pitches downwards to the same pitch as the under edge of

page_text: urine guard. In the slide box I form notched openings to allow the
lower plates to fall into a vertical position when they are brought
forward, being charged with deodorant, whilst in their back position soon
as they come over their respective notches they fall vertically, droping
the deodorant on to the matter. I don't confine myself to any number.
of lower plates as in some cases I may use more than I have shown.
Fig. 7 shows the self-acting automatic arrangement operated by the seat
by means of lever bars, weights, joint plates, and fulcrums.
I also purpose making this apparatus work by means of a handle
being inserted in the seat, having bell-crank axle and connecting rod to
spindle, which is fixed to bottom back side of hopper. I fix a spring or
pulley and weight to bring back the slide box each time the handle is
pulled, as shown in Fig. 6.
Description of Fig. 6.-A, hopper; B, spindle; C, plate; D and E,
lower plates; F, slide box or notched frame; G, trunnions; H, bearers;
I, foundation board; J, sides of case.
Fig. 7 has reference to Fig. 6. H, hopper; I, slide box or notched
frame; J, plate; K and L, lower plates; M, lever bars; N, seat hole;
O, riser or front board; P, bearers; Q, trunnions.
Fig. 8 and 9 has reference to another form of Apparatus.-I purpose
making a 3, horizontal box or drum having top and bottom with 1 space
of side open, and fronting seat holes; inside this drum I form a fan shaped
cylinder with five arms forming five divisions; above the foundation
board to the side of case I suspend a hopper upon trunnions allowing it
space in the foundation to move in case any hard substance should get
in betwixt arms of fan and bottom of hopper; I fix a socket plate to the
under side of foundation board in which the top end of vertical spindle
of fan works, and to which the five arms of fan are fixed, being short
enough to work inside the drum. I fix another plate to the under side
of foundation board bending down depth of drum, and passing along the
bottom to the vertical spindle. I fix a ratchet wheel to the bottom end of
vertical spindle. I fix another vertical spindle by means of a bolt, and to
this spindle I fix the horizontal axle crank, to which I attach a connecting
rod to one limb of crank, and to the other limb of crank, connected to
the shaft of handle projecting downwards, and to the other limb of
horizontal crank I connect a paul tooth rod which works upon the top
surface of ratchet wheel, so that when the handle is raised the paul tooth

page_text: drags the ratchet wheel, working the fan round, throwing out a discharge
of deodorant each time it comes opposite the open space fronting the seat
hole.
Description Fig. 8.-A, mouth of hopper; B, drum; C, arms of fan;
D, receiver and distributor; E, seat hole; F, ratchet wheel; G, paul
tooth rod; H, horizontal axle crank; I, connecting rod; J, bearer;
K, handle; L, foundation board; M, vertical shaft; N, seat.
Fig. 9 has reference to Fig. 8.-0, hopper; P, trunnions; Q, fan or
receiver and distributor; R, vertical shaft; S, iron socket plate; T, iron
socket plate for carrying top of vertical shaft; U, vertical spindles;
V, paul tooth rod; W, sides of case; ✗, beams; Y, ratchet wheel.
Another form of Apparatus.-By the self-acting automatic arrangement
I make the seat to work with one lever bar and without front knuckle
plates by bending front end of lever bar up against under side of seat
abutting against a metal plate, so that the seat can be folded back to use
the closet as a urinal at the rear end of lever bar; I have no weight, but
have a vertical rod connected to the under side of cinder screen by means
of a plate and small bolt made hinge form. The screen I hinge to a
wood rail at either side or front of closet case. When the seat is
depressed by the person sitting upon it the lever bar, working upon a s
fulcrum, raises the screener, and by its own weight, when the seat is
released, falls suddenly, causing the cinders to roll down, and the fine
ash falls through into a hopper shoot, which is fixed at such an angle as
to guide it on to the matter in the pit or receptacle, as the case may be.
Fig. 10 has reference to a receptacle for receiving the matter, and a 2
pipe with a plate made to slide in and out for the purpose of emptying
receptacle. In connection with the receptacle is a pipe fixed at such an
acute angle as to prevent the matter lodging as it falls from receptacle
till it reaches the supply and discharge shaft. This shaft I purpose
making of either wood, metal, or earthenware, and either round, or a
square, or oblong, and extending in height from the basement or ground
floor to top story in building. The shaft can be fixed against the back
or either side wall. Fig. 10 shows it fixed against back wall in the front
of shaft; a little distance above the hopper apparatus, I form doors fitted
at their lower ends with pivot hinges; towards the top, and in front g
facing reservoir I attach a handle hinge jointed to plates fixed to the
doors; I also hinge joint the shaft of handle about the middle, so that

page_text: when the supply door is in its normal position the front half of shaft
falls down flat against the casings, clipping the plate which is fixed to
casings for the purpose of attaching a padlock to.
Description of Fig. 10.-In section of upper story I show the supply
door put back in the position for guiding deodorant from shaft into
reservoir. A, door; B, handle; C, pivot hinge; D, plate for padlock.
In the bottom story of section I show the supply door closed, and when
in this position, leaves the shaft open for discharging the contents of
receptacle. A, door; B, handle; C, pivot hinge; D, plate for padlock.
Having fully described the nature of my Invention, and the manner
of performing the same, and what I claim is the various modifications
and improvements to be protected by the herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent is, the form of hopper, Fig. 1, the disconnecting plate
letter I, mouth plate letter J.
Fig. 3. A, supply door; B, quadrant plate; C, shoot; D, cinder
screener; E, vertical rods; C, pin or stop screw.
I also claim the whole arrangement of apparatus in section and
elevation, Fig. 4 and 5.
I also claim the construction of slide box and lower plates in section
and elevation, Fig. 6 and 7, letters C, D, E, F.
I also claim the whole of the arrangements in Fig. 8 and 9, letters
Q, R, S, T, U, V, Y.
I also claim the construction of supply and discharge shaft, Fig. 10,
letters A, B, C, D.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Heap, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Third day of December, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.