in cooking-stoves and ovens he
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd May, 1897
Complete Specification Left, 11th Jan., 1898-Accepted, 5th Mar., 1898
I, LOUIS SEPULCHRE, of Herstal, near Liege, Belgium, Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:
This invention relates to improvements in cooking-stoves and ovens heated by
mineral oil.
In cooking-stoves with petroleum heaters and having ovens for roasting by
direct contact with the gases produced by combustion, the ovens as hitherto con-
structed have always been arranged above the level of the flame, in such a manner
that the heated gases ascend into the oven and escape therefrom either at the top
or bottom, at a higher level than the upper extremity of the flame of the heater.
Such arrangements are attended usually with the inconvenience that the heated
gases ascend very rapidly, and rushing through the stratum of air within the oven
do not, in their passage, fill up the entire horizontal section of the oven, but pass
through it in a narrow rapid current so as to reach the single outlet in the shortest
time, in a direct stream when the outlet is at the top, and in an ascending and
descending current when the outlet is at the bottom of the oven. Consequently in
either of these cases the gases of combustion are not well distributed, nor is the
heat equally diffused even at a lower temperature either in the oven, or through
the top plate on which the cooking utensils are placed.
On the other hand, by arranging the oven so that the heated gases enter it at
the top and escape at the bottom, a perfect distribution of the heat is obtained,
and my invention consists in applying such an arrangement to the cooking
stove by surrounding it with the heated gases of petroleum. Only in this manner
can these gases be caused to travel in a direction favorable to the purpose in
view, that is in the natural order of sequence from the top to the bottom of the
oven in fluid strata diminishing in heat and increasing in density, in such a
manner that the entire volume of vapour contained in the oven forms only one
continuous current, occuping the entire area of the oven and flowing out therefore
at a slow rate, a condition which is extremely favorable for heating purposes.
My invention is thus distinguished from methods heretofore employed essentially
by the admission of the heated gases from one or more heaters underneath the top
plate or partition forming the cover of the stove: such gases finding no outlet except
at the bottom of the oven are, under the influence of the impulse they have received
on the one side, and of a chimney on the other side, simultaneously impelled and
withdrawn to a lower level than the outlet of the heater, as shewn on the accom-
panying drawings.
My invention will be more clearly understood by reference to the accompanying
sheet of drawings, upon which-
Figure 1 is an elevation, and
Figure 2, a vertical section of an oil-stove for cooking purposes having one

page_text: Figure, 4, a cross section of an oil cooking-stove with two heaters;
Figure 5 is a vertical section of a modification of an oil stove with two heaters
arranged according to my invention.
Similar letters of reference indicate similar parts throughout the several figures.
On Figure 1, F is a petroleum heater the heated gases from which pass out of
the chimney arranged immediately under an opening E of the cooking stove
so that these gases enter the opening by their upward momentum.
The gases
on coming in contact with the top plate T spread out horizontally in a passage E
and impart great heat to the plate T. On the other side after passing through
the oven C, the gases pass out from the stove through an opening I arranged near
the bottom of the oven at a lower level than the outlet of the chimney 0; the
gases are caused to descend towards the opening I by means of a suitable draught
obtained by a chimney S with which such opening communicates. For this purpose
the dimensions of the chimney S are so proportioned as to ensure the entire with-
drawal of the heated gases from the cooking stove through the opening E, and
their egress at the other side through opening I. The oven C into which the
gases descend prior to their exhaustion through the chimney is utilised for roasting
meat and cooking other food by direct contact of the heated gases therewith.
When two heaters Fare used, the general arrangement is that shewn on
Figures 3 and 4. In this case the gases produced by both heaters unite and descend
into a similar oven or roaster C, and are exhausted by means of an opening I, and
chimney S, similar to those described above.
The modification shewn in Figure 5 consists of a round or rectangular stove
for cooking or baking bread, pastry and like food, by surrounding them with the
heated gases, which are admitted into the oven directly from the outlet of the
heaters, without being first utilised for heating vessels on the top plate, these gases
entering through lateral openings E, E, arranged for that purpose at the top
of the oven C. It is unnecessary to say that the chimney S of-the cooking-stove
may be replaced by a pipe connected to the house-flue; in this case in order to
avoid too strong a draught, the connecting tube is preferably made of such cross-
section that a free space is left between its sides and those of the chimney, or its
upper extremity need not be carried quite as far as the chimney.
By the above described arrangements, two important advantages are secured:
1°. The cooking-stove has a perfectly flat table for cooking in pots or vessels as
in oil cooking-stoves, underneath, and in immediate contact with which plate or
table, the gases from one or more heaters circulate at their maximum temperature
in such a manner that cooking takes place up to the boiling of water in the
vessels over the entire surface of the top plate beneath which the gases pass.
And 2°. In the oven C, which may be as deep and capacious as desired, the cook-
ing and baking of food, pies and meats in the midst of, and in direct contact with
the heated gases is effected throughout with great uniformity, because the gases
descend gradually in the oven, filling it more slowly according as its capacity is
larger, and descend to the level of the opening I of the chimney S. Heat is spread
perfectly equally in a horizontal direction, and as nearly as possible equally in a
vertical direction, to such a degree that two joints of meat placed one over the
other in it will be cooked or baked in a most satisfactory manner. The section and
height of the chimney are so proportioned as to ensure the entire absorption and
exhaustion of the heated gases without employing an excessive draught which
would disturb the proper distribution of the gases in the oven.
Datad this Ved day of May. 1897

page_text: Improvements in Cooking-stoves and Ovens Heated by Mineral Oil,
1, LOUIS SEPULCHRE, of Herstal, near Liege, Belgium, Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in cooking and warming stoves and
ovens heated by mineral oil.
In cooking-stoves with petroleum heaters and having ovens for roasting by
direct contact with the gases produced by combustion, the ovens as hitherto con-
structed have always been arranged above the level of the flame, in such a manner
that the heated gases ascend into the oven and escape therefrom either at the top
or bottom, at a higher level than the upper extremity of the flame of the heater.
Such arrangements are attended usually with the inconvenience that the heated
gases ascend very rapidly and rushing through the stratum of air within the oven
do not, in their passage, fill up the entire horizontal section of the oven, but pass
through it in a narrow rapid current so as to reach the single outlet in the shortest
time, in a direct stream when the outlet is at the top, and in an ascending and
descending current when the outlet is at the bottom of the oven. Consequently in
either of these cases the gases of combustion are not well distributed, nor is the
heat equally diffused even at a lower temperature either in the oven, or through
the top plate on which the cooking utensils are placed.
On the other hand by arranging the oven so that the heated gases enter it at
the top and escape at the bottom, a perfect distribution of the heat is obtained, and
my invention consists in applying such an arrangement to the cooking stove by
surrounding it with the heated products of burning petroleum. Only in this
manner can the gases be caused to travel in a direction favourable to the purpose in
|view,—that is—in the natural order of sequence from the top to the bottom of the
oven in fluid strata diminishing in heal and increasing in density, in such a
manner that the entire volume of vapour contained in the oven forms only one
continuous current, occuping the entire area of the oven and flowing out therefore
at a slow rate, a condition which is extremely favourable for heating purposes.
My invention is thus essentially distinguished from methods heretofore employed,
by the admission of heated gases from one or more heaters underneath the top plate
or partition forming the cover of the stove: such gases finding no outlet except
at the bottom of the oven are under the influence of the impulse they have received
on the one side, and of a chimney on the other side, simultaneously impelled and
withdrawn to a lower level than the outlet of the heater, as shewn on the accom-
panying drawings.
This arrangement which, herein, is described and shewn only for or as an oven,
may also be used for or in warming stoves for rooms and for this purpose it is
suflicient to proportion the oven or chamber to the heat required.
My invention will be more clearly understood on reference to the drawings
which were filed with my Provisional Specification and upon which:―
Figure 1 is an elevation, and
Figure 2a vertical section of an oil stove for cooking purposes having one
heater;
Figure 3 is a plan, and
Figure, 4, a cross section of an oil cooking-stove with two heaters:
Figure 5 is a vertical section of a modification of an oil stove with two heaters
arranged according to my invention.
Similar letters of reference indicate similar parts throughout the several figures.

page_text: On Figure 1, F is a petroleum heater the heated gases from which pass out of
the chimney O arranged immediately under an opening E of the cooking stove so that
these gases enter the opening by their upward tendency or inclination. The gases
on coming in contact with the top plate T spread out horizontally in a passage E
and impart great heat to the plate T. On the other side after passing through ♬|
the oven C, the gases pass out from the stove through an opening I arranged near
the bottom of the oven at a lower level than the outlet of the chimney; the gases are
caused to descend towards the opening 1 by means of a suitable draught obtained
by means of a chimney S with which such opening communicates.
For this purpose
the dimensions of the chimney S are so proportioned as to ensure the entire with-
drawal of the heated gases from the cooking stove through the opening E, and
their egress at the other side through opening 1. The oven C into which the gases
descend prior to their exhaustion or escape through the chimney, is utilised for
roasting meat or cooking other food by direct contact of the heated gases therewith.
When two heaters are used, the general arrangement is that shown on
Figures 3 and 4. In this case the gases produced by both heaters unite and descend
into a similar oven or roaster C, and are exhausted by means of an opening 1, and
chimney S, similar to those described above.
The modification shewn in Figure 5 consists of a round or rectangular stove
for cooking or baking bread, pastry, or like food, by surrounding them with the
heated gases, which are admitted into the oven directly from the outlet of the
heaters, without being first utilised for heating vessels on the top plate, these gases
entering through lateral openings E, E arranged for this purpose at the bottom
of the oven C. It is unnecessary to say that the chimney S of the cooking-stove
may be replaced by a pipe connected to the house-flue: in this case in order to
avoid too strong a draught, the connecting tube is preferably made of such cross-
section that a free space is left between its sides and those of the chimney, or its
upper extremity need not be carried quite as far as the chimney.
By the above described arrangements, two important advantages are secured:
1º. The cooking-stove has a perfectly flat table for cooking in pots or vessels as
in oil cooking-stoves, underneath, and in immediate contact with which plate or
table, the gases from one or more heaters circulate at their maximum temperature
in such a manner that cooking takes place up to the boiling of water in the vessels
over the entire surface of the top plate beneath which the gases pass.
20. In the oven C, which may be as deep and capacious as desired, the cook-
ing and baking of food, pies and meats in the midst of, and in direct contact with
the heated gases is effected throughout with great uniformity. because the gases
descend gradually in the oven, filling it more slowly according as its capacity is
larger, and descend to the level of the opening 1 of the chimney S. Heat is spread
perfectly equally in a horizontal direction, and as nearly as possible equally in a
vertical direction, to such a degree that two joints of meat placed one over the
other in it will be cooked or baked in a most satisfactory manner. The section and
height of the chimney are so proportioned as to ensure the entire absorption and
exhaustion of the heated gases without employing an excessive draught which
would disturb the proper distribution of the gases in the oven.
Having now particularly described and, ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. An apparatus for cooking or warming by means of the gases produced from
the combustion of mineral oil, characterised by the fact that the chimney of the
oven or warming chamber is situated at a position or a level lower than that of
the opening (0) of the chimney of the lamp placed at the side thereof, in such a
manner that the heated gases are caused to first act on the cover or top-plate of the
apparatus and subsequently to descend to the lowest part of the said oven or
chamber whence they are drawn out by the opening (I) of a chimney (S), sub-
stantially as described.

page_text: 2. In an apparatus for cooking or warming by means of oil, the combination of
a lamp or lamps F with an oven or chamber Chaving a top plate T, and of a
passage E, inlet E, and an outlet I, the latter being at a lower level than the
orifice O of the lamp chimney, for the purposes and as above described.
For the Applicant,
GEDGE & FEENY,
60, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C., Chartered Patent Agents.