IMPROVEMENTS. IN MACHINERY FOR MOULDING AND MAKING: CORES FOR MOULDING OR CASTING. METALS
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Canham, of Clerkenwell, in the County of
Middlesex, Foundry Manager, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS. IN
MACHINERY FOR MOULDING AND MAKING: CORES FOR MOULDING OR CASTING.
METALS."
Sealed the 20th October 1865, and dated the 21st April 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Canham at the .
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st-'
April 1865.
I, RICHARD CANHAM, of Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex, Foundry.
Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MOULDING AND MAKING CORES FOR MOULDING OR CASTING
METALS," to be as follows:-
3.
7.
The first part.of my Invention relates to machinery for raising and lowering
mould boxes and patterns, and consists partly of improvements upon a former
Invention for which Letters Patent were granted to me, 12th August 1863,
No. 1990. In the Specification of that Patent I described an arrangement
of rack and pinion for raising and lowering the mould boxes and patterns.
from the table. Now the object of this part. of the present Invention is to
obtain greater steadiness in the machine. For this purpose I substitute for
[Price 8d.]
0

page_text: the rack and pinion arrangement just referred to one or other of the arrange-
ments about to be described. Below the table of the machine Ifit a vertical
cylinder, in which a rod which carries the lifting mechanism, as hereafter
described, is free to rise and fall; to this rod one end of each of two links is
jointed, while the other ends of the links are connected to the forks of a forked
arm which passes through a vertical slot in the cylinder, and the other end of
which is keyed to a horizontal shaft outside the cylinder; to this shaft is also
keyed a toothed quadrant,geared into by a pinion connected to a hand wheel.
Pulleys are fitted inside the cylinder, over which pass chains connected to
balance weights, which embrace the rod before mentioned. The cylinder is
formed of greater diameter at its lower end to allow space for these weights to
work in.
In another arrangement for raising and lowering the mould boxes and
patterns the vertical rod which supports the lifting mechanism is formed at its
upper end with one or more bosses fitting into a block; this block has con-
nected to it a chain passing over a chain wheel,and having balance weights at
its other end. The chain wheel is mounted on a shaft carrying another wheel
formed with teeth into which a pinion gears; the shaft of this pinion carries
a pulley, over which a loose endless cord is passed. The action is as follows:-
When the attendant pulls a loose cord, the pulley over which it passes turns
together with the pinion on the same shaft; this pinion turns the toothed
wheel and chain wheel, and thereby the block and the vertical rod carrying
the lifting mechanism are raised. The lower end of the vertical rod passes
through the table. Instead of by a vertical shaft the lifting mechanism may
be raised and lowered by rack and pinion, or otherwise. To lock the lifting
mechanism in either of the arrangements just described I employ a spring
bolt of two flat faces, against one or other of which the spring acts. The
bolt is caused to enter holes in an annular ring held by a feather or rib on the
vertical rod, so that the rod is held secure. The spring acts upon one of the
faces of the bolt to keep it in place. When the bolt is not in any of the holes
the spring acts upon its other face and prevents it entering.
I now proceed to describe an arrangement for raising and lowering the
mould boxes and patterns by means of hydraulic or pneumatic power. I
support the lifting mechanism on the head of a ram, free to rise and fall in a
vertical cylinder or on the ram. Water from an elevated tank or from a pump,
or compressed air or other fluid is admitted into the cylinder as in ordinary
hydraulic machines, and raises the ram to the required height. Should the
rambe raised too high, an aperture in the ram comes opposite a corresponding
aperture near the top of the cylinder, when the fluid escapes through these

page_text: apertures into a waste pipe. The ram is guided in its up-and-down movement
by a pin or pins on its inner face riding in a slot in a pedestal or inner
cylinder, supported bythe bottom of the outer cylinder. The lifting mechanism
is free to turn on the head of the ram in either direction, and may be locked
in the required position by spring pins entering spaces in the ram head; pins
or keys are acted on by a conical ring and threaded rod in the table to
prevent the lifting mechanism tilting or canting on the head of the ram. I
provide means for locking the lifting arms in any required position. For this
purpose the pins which carry the lifting arms are furnished with threaded
nuts, by turning which the arms are fixed. Sometimes I fix to the arms-one
or more band wheels, to each of which a chain or rope is connected, so that
when the attendant turns either arm the other moves simultaneously. In all
the arrangements for raising and lowering the mould boxes and patterns I
prefer to form the lifting mechanism adjustable both longitudinally and
transversely as about to be described. The lifting mechanism is composed
of two arms projecting from the side of the vertical shaft before mentioned.;
in the hydraulic arrangement these arms are carried by the ram head. The
arins are slotted to enable another pair of arms which they carry to be
adjusted therein; these latter arms are the lifting arms; they are also slotted
and carry plates adjustable in the slots. The plates have quadrants on their
upper face, free to turn to adapt them to inclinations or irregularities of the
pattern plate, the arcs of the quadrants being for this purpose formed of
gradually diminishing, thickness. Sometimes the quadrant plates, or the arms
themselves,carry bearings in which trunnions are free to turn. The trunnions
are furnished with boxes in which wedge pieces are placed. The wedge pieces.
are arranged singly or in pairs, so as to grip or hold the pattern plate or boxes,
as may be required for convenience in turning them over.
Another arrangement of lifting mechanism consists of one arm with a flat
surface, on which the mould box or pattern plate is secured. A fixed shaft
passes longitudinally through the arm, and is attached to the vertical shaft.
One end of the fixed shaft is threaded to receive a threaded nut and hand
wheel or other appliance to secure the arm and the mould box or pattern
plate in any required position.
The next part of my Invention relates to machinery for coring or making
cores for casting pipes and other hollow articles. For pipes and similar
articles the machine is composed of a die, formed in two parts, one of which
is fixed in a frame and the other is movable and made to approach the fixed
part, so as to compress the sand for forming the core between them. The
movable part has connected to it links or rods, the other ends of which are

page_text: connected to a handle, by which this part of the die is operated. The frame
which carries the die is adjustable, in order that it may be adapted to different
lengths of core,.and is furnished with a wire or wires to pass through the core
for "venting" the same; this wire may be held back from the core by a
catch or spring, and pushed forward, when required, through the.core.
Various shaped dies may be employed, the fixed part being secured to the
frame by screw clamps, so as to be readily removed and replaced by a die of
another shape.
Another arrangement of coring machine consists of a box supported ou
standards or uprights, and containing a table or face plate on which the core
is made. The table or face plate is adjustable in the box for different heights
of core by means of screw nuts or otherwise. The shaft which supports the
table has a handle connected to it, by which the core when complete is raised
to the top of the box. Above the box is a block, held by rods, the lower ends
of which are connected to a weighted treadle; the attendant by depressing
the treadle causes the block to descend into the box and compress the sand
for forming the core. The block has a plate furnished with pins or wires for
venting the core; it is moved into an inclined position after the core is
complete to allow the core to be removed from the box. Sometimes I vent
the core from the sides instead of from the top. The block is formed with
lugs or projections on its under side for forming holes in the core to give a
hold to the attendant when removing it. I place a frame on the upper part
of the box; when the sand is first put in this frame guides the block in its
descent. Instead of raising the complete core by means of a handle, as in the
arrangement last described, I sometimes employ a rack and pinion, or other
mechanical appliance. Sometimes I use the table for making moulds with
the pattern or part thereof mounted thereon. In the preparation of the
peripheries of drum pulleys and other rings I employ a circular plate, free to
revolve on a bearing in its centre. A portion of the plate at the side is
removed to receive a curved plate, free to be moved in and out by a hand
wheel or otherwise to regulate the size of the ring; this curved plate is carried
by the table on which the moulding or coring box is secured. Sand is placed
in the box,and compressed therein by the curved plate being forced outwards
by the hand wheel or otherwise during the rotation of the central circular
plate. Apertures are formed in the circular plate to allow of the escape of the
surplus sand.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Canham in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
21st October 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
CANHAM, of Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex, Foundry Manager,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Richard Canham, Her special licence that I, the said Richard
Canham, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Richard Canham, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MOULDING AND MAKING CORES FOR MOULDING
OR CASTING METALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Richard Cauham, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
par-
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Canham, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, that
is to say:
.
The first part of my Invention relates to machinery for raising and lowering
mould boxes and patterns, and consists partly of improvements upon a former
Invention for which Letters Patent were granted to me, 12th August 1863,
No. 1990. In the Specification of that Patent I described an arrangement
of rack and pinion for raising and lowering the mould boxes and patterns
from the table. Now the object of this part of the present Invention is to
obtain greater steadiness in the machine. For this purpose I substitute for

page_text: the rack and pinion arrangement just referred to one or other of the arrange-
ments about to be described.
Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawings are sectional elevations,
and Figure 3 is a plan shewing the first of the arrangements I adopt.
Below the table A of the machine I fit a vertical cylinder B, in which a
rod C which carries the lifting mechanism, as hereafter described, is free to
rise and fall; to this rod one end of two links D, D, is jointed, while the
other ends of the links are connected to the forks of a forked arm E, which
passes through a vertical slot F in the cylinder B, and the other end of which
is keyed to a horizontal shaft G outside the cylinder; to the shaft G is also
keyed a toothed quadrant H, geared into by a pinion I, connected to a hand
wheel J. Pulleys K, K, are fitted inside the cylinder B, over which pass
chains L, L, connected to a balance weight M, which embraces the rod C.
The cylinder B is formed of greater diameter at its lower end to allow space
for the weight M to work in. The action is as follows:-When the attendant
turns the wheel J the pinion I rotates and raises the quadrant H, and with it
the forked arm E'and rod C. The raising of the rod C raises the lifting
arms fixed thereto and parts in connection therewith, as described in the
Specification herein-before mentioned. In the ascent of the rod C the
weight M descends, and the rod is steadied by the weight and by collars N, N,
in which the rod works.
In another arrangement, represented in Figure 4, for raising and lowering
the mould boxes and patterns, the vertical rod C, which supports the lifting
mechanism, is formed at its upper end with one or more bosses O, O, fitting
into a block P, shewn detached in plan in Figure 5. The block P has
connected to it two links Q, Q, a cross bar R of which has attached thereto
a chain S, passing over a chain wheel T, and having balance weights U at its
other end. The chain wheel T is mounted on a shaft V carrying another
wheel W formed with teeth, into which a pinion X gears. The shaft of the
pinion X carries a pulley Y, over which a loose endless chain Z is passed.
The action is as follows:-When the attendant pulls the loose chain Z the
pulley Y, over which it passes, turns together with the pinion X on the same
shaft. This pinion turns the toothed wheel W and chain wheel T, and thereby
the block P and the vertical rod C carrying the lifting mechanism are raised.
The lower end of the vertical rod C passes through the table A. Instead of
by a vertical shaft the lifting mechanism may be raised and lowered by rack
and pinion, or otherwise, and may be guided and steadied by V-shaped grooves
in the bar of the rack riding on a plate with chamfered edges. To lock the

page_text: lifting mechanism in either of the arrangements just described I employ a
spring bolt with two flat faces, as represented at a, Figure 4, against one
or other of which faces the spring b acts. The bolt is caused to enter holes in
a ring c, held by a feather or rib d on the vertical rod C, so that the rod is
held secure. The spring 6 acts upon one of the faces of the bolt a to keep it
in place, as seen in the Drawing. When the bolt is not in any of the holes
the spring acts upon its other face and prevents it entering.
I now proceed to describe an arrangement for raising and lowering the
mould boxes and patterns by means of hydraulic or pneumatic power. This
arrangement is represented in sectional elevation in Figure 6, and in plan in
Figure 7. I support the lifting mechanism on the head of a ram A, free to
rise and fall in a vertical cylinder B, or on the ram. Water from an elevated
tank C or from a pump, or compressed air or other fluid, is admitted into the
cylinder B by the pipe D, as in ordinary hydraulic machines, and raises the
ram to the required height. Should the ram be raised too high an aperture E
in the ram comes opposite a corresponding aperture F near the top of the
cylinder, when the fluid escapes through these apertures into a waste pipe G.
The ram is guided in its up-and-down movement by a pin or pins H on the
cylinder on which a collar I on the ram slides, or by a pin or pins on the
inner face of the ram riding in a slot in a pedestal or inner cylinder supported
by the bottom of the outer cylinder. The lifting mechanism is free to turn on
the head of the ram in either direction, and may be locked in the required
position by spring pins entering spaces in the ram head in a similar manner
to that described with reference to Figure 4. Pins or keys a are acted on by
a conical ring 6 and threaded rod c in the table to prevent the lifting
mechanism tilting or canting on the head of the ram. I provide means for
locking the lifting arms in any required. position. For this purpose the
pins J, J, which carry the lifting arms K, are furnished with threaded nuts L,
by turning which the arms are fixed. Sometimes I fix to the arms one or
more band wheels M, to each of which a band, chain, or rope N is connected,
so that when the attendant turns either arm K the other moves simultaneously.
Instead of band wheels I fit on the arms K pinions O, O, as represented in
Figure 8, geared into by teeth P on a travelling band Q. Sometimes I employ
a balance weight (not shown) at the back of the ram. In all the arrangements
for raising and lowering the mould boxes and patterns I prefer to form the
lifting mechanism adjustable both longitudinally and transversely, as about
to be described, and as represented in Figures 6 and 7. The lifting mechanism
is composed of the two arms K, K, projecting from the side of the vertical
shaft C in Figures 1 to 4. In the hydraulic arrangement, Figures 6 and 7,

page_text: these arms are carried by the ram head. These arms K, K, are slotted at R,
and carry plates S adjustable in the slots, or they may carry another pair of
arms adjustable in the slots, which latter arms are slotted to carry the
plates S. The plates S have quadrants T on their upper face, free to turn
to adapt them to inclinations or irregularities of the pattern plate, the arcs of
the quadrants being for this purpose formed of graduallydiminishing thickness.
Sometimes the quadrant plates, or the arms themselves, carry bearings, as
shown at a in side elevation in Figure 9, in which bearings trunnions 6 are
free to turn. The trunnions are furnished with boxes c, in which wedge
pieces or quadrant plates d are placed. The wedge pieces are arranged
singly or in pairs, so as to grip or hold the pattern plate or boxes, or both,
as may be required for convenience in turning them over. e, e, are set screws.
Another arrangement of lifting mechanism consists of one arm with a flat
surface, as represented at A, Figures 10 and 11, on which the mould box or
pattern plate is secured. A fixed shaft B passes longitudinally through the
arm A, and is attached to a block on the vertical shaft C. One end of the
fixed shaft B is threaded to receive a threaded nut and hand wheel D or
other appliance to secure the arm and the mould box or pattern plate in any
required position. The arm A is furnished with flanges E, E, through which
bolts pass to hold the mould box or pattern plate. F is a spring bolt taking
into notches in the block G to hold the arm A in the required position.
The next part of my Invention relates to machinery for coring or making
cores for casting pipes and other hollow articles. For pipes and similar
articles the machine is composed of a die, as represented in side elevation in
Figure 12, and in plan in Figure 13, formed in two parts a, b, one of which, a,
is fixed in a frame c, and the other, b, is movable, and made to approach the
fixed part a, so as to compress the sand for forming the core between them.
The movable part 6 has connected to it links or rods d,d, at one end, the other
end of the links or rods is connected to a handle 6, by which the part 6 of the
die is operated. The frame c is fitted with a plate f, adjustable, in order that
it may be adapted to different dies, and is furnished with a wire or wires g to
pass through the core for "venting" the same. This wire may be held back
from the core by a catch or a spring h, and pushed forward through the core
when required by means of a handle i, or otherwise. Various shaped dies
may be employed, the fixed part being secured to the frame by screws, so as
to be readily removed and replaced by a die of another shape. The frame c
is formed with holes k to receive a threaded stud, which may be fixed in any
of the holes, according to the length of core to be made. A bolt
with a handle, whichabuts against the stud. When the core is completed the
is furnished

page_text: .
bolt is turned partly round, and then pushed forward to drive the core from
the die. The bolt works in loops or guides m.
Another arrangement of coring machine consists of a box A, Figures 14
and 15, supported on standards or uprights B, B, and containing a table.or
face plate C, on which the core is made. The table or face plate is adjustable
in the box for different heights of core by means of screws D,D,or otherwise.
The shaft E, which supports the table C, has a handle F connected to it, by
which the core when complete is raised to the top of the box A. Above the
box is a block G held by rods H, H, the lower ends of which are connected
to a weighted treadle I. The attendant by depressing this treadle causes the
block G to/descend into the box A and compress the sand for. forming the
core. The block G has a plate J, furnished with pins or wires K for
"venting" the core; the block is provided with a handle M, through which
a pin N is free to pass when the plate J is depressed, and a spring O returns
the plate with the pins K after the venting is completed. The block G is
moved into an inclined position,as shown by the dotted lines,after the core
is complete,to allow the core to be removed from the box. Sometimes I vent
the core from the sides instead of from the top. The block may be formed with
lugs or projections on its under side for forming holes in the core to give a
hold to the attendant when removing it.. I place a frame L on the upper
part of the box when the sand is first put in; this frame guides the block in
its descent.
Instead of raising the completed core by means of a handle, as in the
arrangement last described, I sometimes employ a rack and pinion, as
represented in Figure 16, or other mechanical appliance. Sometimes I use
the table for making moulds with the pattern, or part thereot, mounted
thereon. This arrangement is represented in Figure 16. A is the box, B is
the table, and C the pattern mounted thereon. The table is raised and
lowered by a rack and pinion D, or otherwise.
In the preparation of the peripheries of drum pulleys and other rings I
employ a circular plate A,Figures 17 and 18, free to revolve on a bearing B
in its centre. A portion of the plate A at C is removed to receive a curved
plate D, free to be moved in and out by a hand wheel E, or otherwise, to
regulate the size of the ring. The curved plate D is carried by the table F
on which the moulding or coring box G is secured. Sand is placed in the
box and compressed therein by the curved plate D, being forced outwards by
the hand.wheel E or otherwise during the rotation of the central circular
plate A. Apertures H are formed in the circular plate A to allow of the

page_text: escape of the surplus sand. When making rings with grooved or recessed
peripheries the box G is constructed in two or more parts capable of being
separated when the finished ring is to be removed. When for making either
plain or recessed rings or other articles the box is furnished with lugs I, I,
through which screws pass to secure a top plate J to the box, so that the
plate J may be removed when the ring is completed. When making pulleys
and similar articles I prefer to employ the machine represented in Figure 16
for making the arms and boss,and that represented in Figures 17 and 18 for
making the peripheries.
Figures 19 and 20 represent an arrangement in which a circular plate A
is made to compress the sand for the core in the same manner as the block G
in Figures 14 and 15. This plate A is connected by rods B, B, to a treadle C,
which the attendant depresses in order to force the plate A on the sand in the
box D. The plate A in descending forces down a ring H, connected to a
block I, the stem J of which works through guides K forming part of the
frame. The block I is threaded to take into corresponding threads on the
ring H, by which the ring is adjusted to suit the thickness of the core to be
made. The ring H is surrounded by an elastic band L, which holds it until
the attendant raises the ring and block I by means of a handle connected to
the stem J. The band L is held in a
while the treadle is being depressed is
smooth the upper surface of the sand;
described; pressure is next removed from the treadle C; the plate A is
raised from the core by counterweights F, and move into an inclined position,
as described with reference to Figures 14 and 15. The attendant then by a
handle G connected to a socket O,which in its turn is connected by bars P
to pins Q, raises a ring N on the top of the pins, and with the ring the
core is raised clear of the frame, and may be removed from the machine.
V, V, are lugs against which the ring N rests.
groove in the frame. The plate A
turned, by means of handles E to
the core is then vented, as hereafter
For venting ring cores I arrange a series of pins in the manuer shewn at R,
Figure 20; these pins are held in bars S,S, and pass through guide bars T,T.
The pins are pushed forward into the core by hand, and when the pressure is
removed they are forced back by springs U, U.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,-
First, the several arrangements of machinery, substantially as herein-before
described and represented in the accompanying Drawings, for raising, and
lowering mould boxes and. patterns.

page_text: Second, the several arrangements of machinery, substantially as herein-
before described and represented in the accompanying Drawings,for making
cores for moulding or casting metals.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Canham, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twentieth day of October, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-five.
RICHARD CANHAM. (L.S.)