Year: 1886

page_text: I, HERMINE DIEDRICH of Berlin in the Kingdom of Prussia and German Empire
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
The present invention leads to a new way of covering roofs, by means of a tile
specially constructed for this purpose, and made of any suitable material, such as
clay, artificial stone, glass, etc. The purpose is to avoid the necessity of repairing,
by preventing the damage caused by wet, storms, and atmospheric influence in
general, and further to prevent breakage when the roof is trodden on.
The tiles are joined together in their sides by means of grooves and corresponding
ridges and are made up with bituminous cement or asphaltum mortar without being
closed inside, so that they form a roof of simple, smooth stone and offer the storm
no point of attack. Dirt and moisture is thus prevented from collecting in the
joints and moisture arising from heat and issuing from the pores has a free escape.
Owing to this and to the free circulation of air the rafters and laths are kept dry,
and the roof can be trodden on without any danger of its breaking in.
Fig. 1 shows the tile in full form and in side profile when seen against ridge A,
Fig. 2 shows the middle part in profile and Fig. 3 illustrates the same in sido
profile when seen against groove B. This groove is made rather wider than the
ridge to allow for unevennesses and to take up the cement. Fig 4 is a profile of
the tile on its upper end, which latter with its two noses catches behind the
main lath and lays firmly. The noses c, are formed on to the two longitudinal
ribs D, which have on their upper ends an elevation D¹ by means of which alone
the tile touches the roof-lath; these elevations taper off gradually. By means of
this arrangement a free passage is made for the moisture and the water from the
pores to escape by along the lower side of the tile without their coming in contact
with the laths and rafters. Fig. 5 shows a cross-cut of the middle part of the tile.
Fig. 6 is a view against the perpendicular closing side of a layer. Figs. 7 and 8
represent the tile on a smaller scale, showing an upper and a lower view of it;
Fig. 9 and 10 are similar views of a tile with the dripping point E, which leads the
water to the middle of the stone.
Fig. 11) shows a part of a roof constructed with the new tiles side view.
Fig. 12) shows the same front view.
13)
14)
"
a variation in grooves and ridges.
a ridge or hollow tile adapted for covering the ridge of a roof
composed of the tiles just described. These ridge-tiles are semi-cylindrical and fit
into each other by means of a gradual lessening and are then cemented with
bituminous mortar. The longitudinal edges slant inwards and form closely fitting
surfaces for laying on. These ridge-tiles are fastened besides by means of wire to

page_text: Figs. 15 and 16) shows further variations in the sideways joining of the
new tile,
The excellent effect of these tiles is attained on the one hand by the extremely
durable closing of the ridge and groove by means of bituminous cement or
asphaltum mortar, and on the other hand by means of the free circulation of air
in the hollow space between the ribs D, thirdly, by means of the free escape allowed
the sweat and water, which owing to the distance left between the tile and the lath
by means of elevations D' can run out unimpeded, and fourthly by means of the
gutter-edge F, which formed on the lower end of the tile and cut off sharp on the
outside prevents dust, snow and rain from penetrating. This gutter-edge reaches
over the upper edge G of the next row of tiles (Fig. 14), and the water from the
pores and other impurities which get into the space k being here are prevented by
the projecting edge G from coming in contact with the laths. The moisture comes
forth under the point of the edge F and runs off over the lower tile. In this
manner all moisture is most effectively prevented from reaching the wooden part
of the roof.
The purpose is to construct a roof newly invented by me and made of clay,
cement, glass, artificial stone, iron and all other suitable materials after the shape
of the "flat tile-roofing" in. the annexed designs and in asphaltum, mastic
mortar etc. in grooves on lathing or planking with a suitable incline as a simple |
roof. In the shape of the roofing material (or rather of the flat tile-rooting) are
contained several innovations of material advantage, firstly, the roof consists of
simple, light, imperishable smooth layers, which in consequence of their arrangement
on the joint-sides and the elevations under the two noses c rest free above the
lathing and thus prevent all moisture such as sweat water out of the pores etc.
from getting at the wood fastenings and the lathing. The under-edges of the flat
tile roofing, which reat sharp upon the following under row, protect against storms
and offering on the one hand no point of attack for the wind and allows on the
other hand the sweat and water from the pores to run off from under the under-edge
of the tile on to the main surface of the roof and thus prevents its doing any
damage. The ridge-tile offers the advantage, firstly that, as the longitudinal edges
are sharp the mortar can bind lastingly, and as the wire is drawn through two
holes at the covered end and fastened to the upper-most lath there is no need of
walling the ridge-tiles up. All of these tiles should be made at least of good clay
and glazed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1.) Tiles of clay cement, glass, artificial stone, iron and all other suitable materiala
which are joined by means of grooves B and ridges A, grooves and ridges may
change in shape, and cemented with asphaltum, mastic mortar, and the like, the
characteristic parts of the tiles being the bearing-ribs D, the gradually sloping
elevations D¹ as laying on surfaces, the upper edge C and the sharp slanting gutter
edge F, for making a firm roofing, for excluding moisture and for preventing the
wood from rotting.
2.) In combination with the tiles mentioned in claim 1 the ridge-tile (Fig. 14)
the characteristic parts of which are the slanting edges and the gradual lessening.