A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE FOR ADDING TOGETHER AND ASCERTAINING THE TOTAL OF A COLUMN OR NUMBER OF FIGURES.
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Moses Pullen and William Pullen, of High
Bentham, near Settle, in the County of York, for the Invention of
"A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE FOR ADDING TOGETHER AND ASCERTAINING
THE TOTAL OF A COLUMN OR NUMBER OF FIGURES.`
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Moses Pullen and
William Pullen at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 4th June 1874.
WC, MOSES Pullen and William Pullen, of High Bentham, near
Settle, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE FOR ADDING TOGETHER AND
ASCERTAINING THE TOTAL OF A COLUMN OR NUMBER OF FIGURES," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to add together and calculate or ascer-
tain the total of a column or number of figures, whether such column or

page_text: number of figures relates to abstract or concrete quantities. For this
purpose we employ a dial or table mounted on an axis capable of
revolving at intervals. This dial is divided on the surface into compart-
ments, which are numbered decimally or in degrees of ten. We also
employ another and smaller dial, which is divided into ten parts, and
marked with the numbers of the units. Affixed to the axis of the first
mentioned dial or table is a toothed wheel having the same number of
teeth as there are divisions on the dial, and on the axis of the smaller
dial is a either worm or pinion wheel gearing into the aforesaid wheel;
also on the said axis is a ratchet wheel, into which enters a catch
mounted on the dial for purpose herein-after explained. There is also
on this axis a pinion which gears with a toothed rack attached to a
slidable plate or bed capable of being moved backwards and forwards by
the hand of the operator, the length of stroke being regulated by a series.
of slide stops or keys numbered in a manner corresponding with tho
units on the small dial; or instead of the slidable plate the slide stops or
keys may be made of different lengths, or to more different distances
when operated upon according to the number which each represents, and
so act upon and turn the dials, but we prefer the slidable plate
arrangement.
The mechanism may be provided with a suitable cover having apertures
through which the figures on the dials can be seen.
The method of working is as follows:-Suppose it be required to add
together the abstract numbers five and nine the operator passes down
the key marked five, and draws back the toothed rack as far as the catch
of when the figure five will appear through the aperture for the smaller
dial. He then pushes in the rack to its original position, the axis and
pinion turning round but the dial remaining stationary by reason of the
arrangement of the ratchet wheel and catch. He then removes his
finger from the key number five, and places it upon key number nine, and
repeats the operation of drawing back the rack, and the result will be
that the small dial will have performed one revolution and a part of
another; also by means of the worm or pinion on the axis of this dial
the larger dial will have been moved round to the extent of one tooth
or division; therefore the number indicated by the large dial will be
ten, and that by the smaller dial will be four, the total indicated by the

page_text: two figures on the two dials being fourteen, and so on with any number or
series of figures in succession. Whatever be the number of figures added
together the result is always given by adding together the two figures or
numbers indicated or shewn by the two dials.
°
We also construct a very simple apparatus on a similar principle to
the foregoing of two discs of cardboard or other substance mounted on
the same axis, the upper disc being smaller than the lower, the lower
and larger disc being mounted with the units from one to sixty, and the
upper with the units from one to ten, the figures only occupying one-
sixth of its circumference. Opposite each number on the larger disc is
a hole, into which a pin can be inserted, by which the disc can be drawn
round on its axis to a certain place or fixed point where the total of the
series of successive figures are indicated.
'
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said Moses Pullen and William Pullen in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 4th December 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wc, MOSES
PULLEN and WILLIAM PULLEN, of High Bentham, near Settle; in the
County of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by. Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Moses Pullen and William Pullen,
Her special licence that we, the said Moses Pullen and William
Pullen, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as we, the said Moses Pullen and William Pullen, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE
FOR ADDING TOGETHER AND ASCERTAINING THE TOTAL OF A COLUMN OR NUMBER OF

page_text: rack is attached to a slide plate K sliding in rests or grooves L. When
the rack is pushed in the direction of the arrow 6 it turns the pinion and
ratchet wheel only, but when drawn back in the direction of the arrow o
the catch H is acted on by the teeth of the ratchet wheel G, and the
rotation is imparted to the disc E and worm D. The length of the
slides L is such that by moving the rack the full extent thereof the
pinion wheel G' and consequently the disc E and worm D make one
complete revolution, and the wheel C and dial A are moved round one
division. On the plate K are a series of keys or stops M numbered from
one to nine, and underneath the plate K is a notched plate N (see detail
Fig. 3). The ends of the keys or stops M, when pressed by the finger,
pass sufficiently through the slide plate K to come in contact with one
of the notches in plate N, and so prevent the plate K. from being drawn
further in the direction of the arrow c until the pressure is removed,
when the stop is lifted by means of a spring, as shewn in Fig. 1.
Number one stop allows the shortest movement, and number nine the
longest, the intervening numbers allowing proportionate movements.
The small dial E being set with the blank space just visible off the side
of the large dial A to commence with, if the rack is moved with number
one stop down the division marked number one takes the place of the
blank division, and so if the rack is moved with number nine stop down
the division marked nine appears in the same place. Thus the units are
indicated by the dial E, and the tens by the dial A, and the two added
together give the total. Suppose it be required to add together the
abstract numbers five and nine the operator passes down the key marked
five, and draws back the rack as far as the catch in the plate N will
allow, when the figure five will appear off the side of the dial A. He
then pushes in the rack, removes his finger from key number five,
and places it upon key number nine, and repeats the operation of
drawing back the rack, and the result will be that the small dial will
have performed one revolution and part of another; also by means of
the worm on the axis of this dial E the large dial A will have been
moved round one tooth or division, and therefore the number. indicated
by the large dial will be ten, and that by the small dial will be four.
The two added together give the required result, fourteen.

page_text: .
which the axis B is fixed. It becomes necessary to move the dial back
to its original position before continuing the addition; this is also
necessary at the end of every sum or addition. Figs. 4 and 5 shew how
this is effected. Around the axis B is a coiled spring S, one end of
which is fixed to the axis, and the other to the arm of the wheel C. The
plate R is kept in position by means of screws or pins, which pass
through slots cut in the plate, and these:slots allow of the plate being
so moved as to withdraw the wheel C out of gear with the worm D, and
when thus out of gear the spiral spring turns the wheel or dial back to
the starting point, which is determined by the pin d coming in contact
with the stop picce e. The elastic spring S¹ then draws the worm wheel
into gear with the worm again. At the end of the slide plate R is
another stop piece R¹, with which a pin in the small dial comes into
contact when the plate is drawn back and tho dial turned. The starting
point of the small dial is thus readily adjusted.
Fig. 7 illustrates a simple apparatus on a similar principle to the fore-
going. This is constructed of two discs of cardboard or other substance
mounted on an axis A. The lower disc B bears the units from one to
sixty, and the upper the units from one to ten, the figures only occupying
one-sixth of the circumference. Opposite each number on the larger
disc is a hole, into which a pin can be inserted, by which the disc can
be drawn round on its axis to a certain place or fixed point D, where the
total of the series of successive figures are indicated. By this apparatus
a total not exceeding sixty can be added up, the integral parts not
exceeding ten. Example, suppose it is required to add together six,
five, and eight, the operator first inserts a pin in the hole opposite figure
6 on the upper disc C, which is also opposite the figure 6 on the lower
disc. This hole he turns round until he reaches the point D; then with-
drawing the pin he again inserts it in the hole opposite figure five on the
smaller disc, which will be opposite the figure eleven on the larger one,
turns the disc round as before, and inserts the pin opposite figure cight
on the small disc, again turns the disc round to the stop piece D, where
the total, nineteen, will be found.
It will be seen that the figures may be extended'in both machines if

page_text: the case of weights.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Pullen, for and on behalf
of myself and the said Moses Pullen, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, the First day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
Witness,
J. W. TASKER,
Patent Agent,
Halifax & Bradford.
WILLIAM PULLEN. (L.S.)