Improvements in Tool-holders for Metal Planing and Cutting Machines.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Jan., 1897-Accepted, 13th Mar., 1897
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Tool-holders for Metal Planing and Cutting
Machines.
1, REGINALD HADDAN of the Firm of Herbert Haddan & Co. of
18, Buckingham Street, Strand, London, W.C. Patent Agent do hereby
declare the nature of this invention a communication to me from abroad by
Joseph Andrew Costello Mechanical Engineer, William Albert Hatcher,
Mechanical Engineer and William Albin Linas, Salesman all of Cleveland
County of Cuyahoga, and State of Ohio, in the United States of America, and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in metal-planing or cutting machines;
a double acting tool
and it comprises a tool holder for such machines having
adapted to cut forwardly and rearwardly, and the invention consists in certain
novel and meritorious features of construction, and combinations of parts,
hereinafter described and pointed out in the claims.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. I is a front side elevation of the improved tool holder for a metal planing
or cutting machine. A portion of the tool bearing apron and apron bearing frame
are broken away and in section in this figure to more clearly show. the means
instrumental in retaining said apron in its perpendicular or normal position.
Fig. II is a right hand side elevation of the tool holder. This figure shows,
in solid lines the tool in its perpendicular or normal position, and shows in
dotted lines, the tool swung forwardly with its rear cutting edge in an operative
position.
Fig. IV is a top plan, and in this figure, portions are broken away and in
section to more clearly show certain features in the construction.
Fig. 111 is a right hand side elevation, partly in section, and shows in solid
lines, the tool swung rearwardly by the work as required to render the forward
cutting edge of the tool operative.
Fig. V is a front side elevation having portions removed or broken away, and
in section to more clearly show the construction.
Referring to the drawings, A designates the rear vertically arranged supporting
plate of the tool. Plate A in the application of the tool holder of a metal planing
or cutting machine, is secured to the latter's cross arm (not shown) in the usual
manner.
B designates the tool bearing apron arranged centrally of the forward side of
plate A, between the two forwardly projecting vertically arranged parallel
flanges A1 A1 of plate A. Apron B is journalled at its upper end, upon the
horizontally arranged shaft C that is journalled, at its ends, in said flanges Al
formed upon the forward side of, as already indicated, and preferably integral with,
plate A.
Any suitable number of comparatively narrow plates b extend transversely of
the forward side of apron B, between the upper and lower extremities of the
apron, and are rigidly secured to the latter. Plates b afford a rear bearing for
the cutting tool D that is clamped in an upright position to plates b by the well
known means of studs B 1, plates E and nuts b 1. Studs B1 are rigid with and
project forwardly of the apron. Plates E are upon said studs and bear against
the front side of the cutting tool, and nuts 6 1 are mounted upon the studs at the
,

page_text: forward sides of said plates E and are instrumental in securing the cutting tool
rigidly in position.
The cutting tool is of the double acting variety, and is consequently provided,
at its lower end, with two cutting edges D1, D2, formed at the forward extremity
and rear extremity, respectively, of said end of the tool, and designed to cut
forwardly and rearwardly, respectively. The tool bearing apron, and consequently
the tool, in the latter's idle or normal position, hangs perpendicularly, as shown
in solid lines, Fig. II and the tool, and consequently the tool bearing apron is
swung forwardly or rearwardly according as the work W to be planed or cut is
fed forwardly or rearwardly, and according as the tool's rear cutting edge or the
forward cutting edge is to operate upon the work.
Stops for limiting the swinging movement of the tool bearing apron and attached
tool in opposite directions, are provided. The forward stop, provided for limiting
the forward swinging movement of the tool bearing apron consists, preferably, of
two upright shoulders gy formed upon opposite ends, respectively, of a yoke G
that extends across the forward side of the apron and around the front of the
tool, and is secured in any approved manner to plate A. Shoulders g are
arranged to be engaged by the forward side of the apron, in the latter's forwardly
swung position, and are preferably somewhat undercut, as shown in Figs. III
and 1V, to afford a suitable bearing for the apron in said position. Yoke G is
provided, preferably, with a screw H arranged to be engaged by the front side of
the tool when the latter is actuated into its forward extreme position, and afford a
bearing for the tool in said position and prevent strain
instrumental in securing the tool to the apron.
upon the means
The rear stops for the tool bearing apron and instrumental in limiting the
rearward swinging movement of said apron and the attached tool, comprise
preferably, a pair of wedges I 1 arranged a suitable distance apart horizontally
at the forward side of plate A, arranged furthermore with their smaller ends
facing each other; as shown in Fig. IV, and with their forward sides converging
toward said smaller or inner ends. A right and left handed borizontally arranged
screw K extends through said wedges, and the different wedges are mounted upon
opposite portions, respectively, of the screw and have their screw engaging holes
correspondingly threaded. Screw K extends through the forwardly projecting
flanges A 1 of plate A and is rendered stationary in any approved manner, and
the arrangement of parts is such that the wedges are moved towards or from each
other, according as the screw is turned in the one direction or the other.
The central portion of the rear side of the tool bearing apron is shaped to
correspond with the forward sides of wedges II, so that when the apron and
attached tool are swung into their rearward position, said apron conforms to the
ample bearing surfaces afforded by said wedges forward sides. That is, the rear
side of the apron has two rearwardly converging surfaces B2 having the trend
required to render them parallel with the forward sides of the different wedges,
respectively, when the apron is swung into its rearward position. The arrangement
of parts is of course, such, that in the perpendicular or normal position of the
apron and attached tool, a space or clearance J (see Fig. IV) is had between the
apron and the forward sides of the wedges in any one of the adjustments of
the wedges, and the forward sides of the wedges also have a trend downwardly and
rearwardly (see Fig. 1) to conform to the rearward inclination of the tool
bearing apron when the latter is in its rearwardly swung position.
By the construction herein before described, it will be observed that the
clearance or space between the forward sides of the wedges and rear side of the
tool bearing apron is increased, or decreased according as the wedges are adjusted
from or toward each other, and that the distance which the apron and attached
tool are swung rearwardly by the work preparatory to the operation of the forward
cutting edges of the tool is decreased or increased, according as the aforesaid
space is decreased or increased, and it will, furthermore, be observed that by said
construction any imperfection in the grinding of the lower end of the cutting tool,

page_text: resulting in the location of the tool cutting edges out of line horizontally, merely
requires the proper adjustment of the wedges and no regrinding of the tool. It is,
of course, obvious that both cutting edges of a tool of the character indicated
should have the same depth of cut in their operation, and unless one of the stops
for limiting the swinging movement of the tool bearing apron of the attached tool
possesses the capacity of being adjustable, as the wedge forming stops hereinbefore
described, a tool, having its cutting edges out of line horizontally, would have to
be reground. The cutting tool is arranged forward of the apron's axis, and the
forward cutting edge is consequently lowered upon swinging the tool bearing apron
rearwardly and rendering said cutting edge operative. Hence, if the tool's rear
cutting edge extends below the forward cutting edge, in the perpendicular or
normal position of the tool, wedges 1 I are adjusted apart the distance required
to increase the extent of rearward movement of the tool bearing apron and cause
the forward cutting edge, in its operative position, to have the same elevation
relative to the rearwardly moving work, as the tool's rear cutting edge has
during the forward movement of the work. Suitable means for maintaining
parallelism between the opposing surfaces of the wedges and the tool bearing
apron, in any adjustment of the wedges, during the rearwardly swung position of
the apron,
is also provided, and comprises, preferably, a suitable curvature of the
upwardly and downwardly extending rear covex surfaces of the wedges and corre-
spondingly engaging concave surface of the plate A, in conjunction with suitably
inclined surfaces formed at the inner sides of the forwardly projecting flanges of
plate A at the forward sides of the wedges. For instance, each flange A 1, upon
its inner side, and at the forward end of the adjacent wedge, is provided. with a
sinal plate L (see Fig. V) that is rigidly secured to the flange in any approved
manner and is provided with a downwardly and inwardly inclined flange Lt whose
opposing surfaces constitute two parallel downwardly and inwardly extending
inclines, and the adjacent wedge engages the rearward or upper one of said inclines,
and has an arm I overlapping and engaging the forward or lower incline. By
this construction, it is obvious that when the wedges are adjusted apart, their
engagement with the rear or upper inclines forces them upwardly upon the forward
side of plate A, and when the wedges are adjusted toward each other the engage-
ment of their arms 11 with the forward or lower inclines forces them downwardly
upon the forward side of plate A, and the arrangement of parts and the curvature
of the opposing surfaces of plate A and the wedges are such that parallelism shall
always be obtained between the wedges' forward sides and the tool bearing apron's
rear side when said apron is swung into its rearward position preparatory to the
operation of the cutting tool's forward cutting edge.
I
The holes A 3 in flanges A1 through which screw K extends are of course,
elongated vertically to accommodate the up and down movement of the wedges.
Means for positively returning the tool bearing apron and attached tool, to the
perpendicular or normal position, at the end of each stroke or movement of the
work, is provided, and comprises, preferably, a pin M (see Figs. I and IV) arranged
horizontally and adapted to move endwise of a hole A 2 extending horizontally
through the lower portion of the flange A 1 at the left hand side of plate A, and
at its inner end, engaging a hole B 3 in the left hand edge of the tool bearing
apron. The inner end of pin M has its forward and rear sides tapering or con-
verging towards the pin's inner extremity, (see Fig. IV) and the forward and rear
side walls of hole B3 correspondingly taper or converge inwardly. A spring O.
suitably secured to the aforesaid flange A1 of plate A acts to force pin M
inwardly, and a nut m mounted upon the outer externally screw threaded portion
of pin M and having its outer end engaged or borne upon by said spring, is
instrumental in adjusting the spring's tension. That is, the tension of the spring is
increased upon actuating the nut outwardly by turning the nut in the one direction,
and is decreased upon shifting the nut inwardly, by turning it in the opposite
direction. When the tool bearing apron is swung in the one direction or the
other by the work preparatory to the operation of the tool, pin M is shifted

page_text: outwardly against the acting of spring O. The peculiarly arranged tapering
inner end of the pin and correspondingly shaped and arranged hole in the apron
accommodate said outward shifting of the pin, and the arrangement of parts is
preferably such that the pin shall, in no instance entirely leave the engaging hole
in the apron. But, as soon as the work being operated upon has reached the end 5
of its stroke or movement in either direction, spring O will actuate pin M inwardly
and thereby return the apron and attached tool into their perpendicular or normal
position, as required preparatory to the tools engagement by the work upon feeding
the latter in the opposite direction.
The importance of holding or retaining either one of the tool's cutting-edges
during the actuation of said edge into its operative position, at the same elevation
at which it is held in the perpendicular or normal position, and thereby enable the
attendant, preparatory to the cutting operation, to quickly gauge the depth of cut
by adjusting the tool according when the tool is in its perpendicular or normal
position, and, furthermore, to enable the attendant to reverse the work at any
point between the ends of the work's stroke or movement without altering the depth
of cut or mutilating the work, is obvious, and the object indicated in the immediately
preceding lines is accomplished by operatively connecting the apron, preferably at
or near its lower end, with the lower end of a vertically and forwardly and rear-:
wardly tilting lever P that is fulcrumed horizontally, at or near its central portion,
at P', to the right-hand flange A' of plate A, and is operatively connected, at its
upper end, by means of a link Q, with the crauk C¹ of the oscillating cam-and-
crank-shaft C that bears the tool-bearing apron. The portion of said shaft within
the apron is suitably shaped to form a circular cam C².
It must be borne in mind that the tool is arranged forward of the axis of the
supporting apron, and that when the tool is swung forwardly, as shown in dotted
lines Fig. II, to bring its rear cutting-edge into an operative position, by the
forwardly-moving work, said cutting-edge would, if the apron-bearing shaft were
a plain shaft, be elevated. But said cutting edge should be lowered, and not:
elevated, in order to keep it at the same elevation relative to the work, and it is
obvious that said edge will be lowered during the forward movement of the tool if
the arrangement of parts is such that the greatest radius of the cam remains
forward of the shaft's axis during said movement of the tool, and consequently the
arrangement of parts is such that in the perpendicular or normal position of the:
tocl-bearing apron the cam has its greatest radius extending such a distance
forwardly of the shaft's axis that the rear cutting-edge of the tool shall be
lowered, during the forward movement of the tool, the distance required to keep
the edge in the same horizontal plane during said movement.
If shaft C were a plain shaft the forward cutting-edge would be lowered during
the rearward swinging movement of the tool-bearing apron, but by the construction
and arrangement of parts hereinbefore described the apron engaging end of
lever P, when the tool-bearing apron is swung rearwardly, as shown in solid
lines, Fig. I is tilted rearwardly and the cam oscillated in the direction
required to gradually elevate the apron and attached tool, and the forward
cutting-edge, during the sweep of the tool from the latter's perpendicular position
to said cutting-edge's operative position, is kept at the same elevation relative to
the work.
The connection of the lower end of lever P with the tool-bearing apron, is
preferably by means of a pin or lug B₁ formed upon the apron and engaging a
bole P in the lever, and said lug or pin fits the engaging hole widthwise of the
hole, but the latter is elongated longitudinally of the lever to accommodate, the
latter's operation.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
--
1. In a tool-holder of the character indicated, the combination of the tool-

page_text: bearing apron capable of being swung forwardly and rearwardly of its
perpendicular or normal position and having its tool provided with two cutting--
edges D' and D, arranged at the forward extremity and rear extremity, respectively,
of the tool's lower end; means for limiting the forward sweep of the apron; two
suitably supported wedges arranged a suitable distance apart at the rear side of
the apron with their smaller ends facing each other and with their forward sides
converging rearwardly toward each other and sloping, also, rearwardly in a down-
ward direction, suitable means for adjusting the wedges apart, and the arrangement
of parts being substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
2. In a tool-holder of the character indicated the combination with the tool-
bearing apron capable of being swung forwardly and rearwardly of its perpendicular
or normal position, and having its cutting-tool provided with two cutting-
edges, D¹ D', formed at the forward extremity and the rear extremity, respectively,
of the tool's lower end, and the rear side of the apron having the two rearwardly
converging surfaces B2; of means for limiting the apron's forward sweep; two
wedges II arranged rearward of the different surfaces B2, respectively with their
smaller ends facing each other, and their forward sides converging rearwardly and
sloping, also, downwardly in a rearward direction; a stationary right-and-left-
handed screw for adjusting the wedges apart, and the parts being arranged
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
3. In a tool-holder of the character indicated, the combination with the tool-
bearing apron capable of being swung forwardly and rearwardly of its perpendicular
or normal position, and having its tool provided with two cutting-edges Di D',..
formed at the forward extremity and rearward extremity, respectively, of the
tool's lower end, and the apron's rear side comprising two rearwardly-converging
surfaces B²; of two suitably supported wedges II arranged rearward of said
different converging surfaces, respectively, and arranged with their smaller ends
facing each other, and with their forward sides converging rearwardly, and sloping,
also, rearwardly in a downward direction; means for adjusting the wedges toward
and from each other, and means instrumental in establishing parallelism between
the forward sides of the wedges and adjacent sloping surfaces of the apron in the
rearwardly-swung position of the apron in readjusting the wedges substantially as.
and for the purpose set forth.
4. In a tool-holder of the character indicated, the combination with the upright
plate A and the tool-bearing apron supported from and at the forward side of said
plate, and capable of being swung forwardly and rearwardly of its perpendicular or
normal position, and having a tool provided with two cutting edges formed at the
forward extremity and rear extremity, respectively, of the tool's lower end,.
and the rear side of said apron comprising two rearwardly-converging surfaces B¹;
of means for limiting the apron's forward sweep; two wedges II rearward of the
different sloping surfaces, respectively, of the apron, and movable upwardly and
downwardly of the forward side of the aforesaid plate, said wedges being arranged
with their smaller ends facing each other, and having their forward sides converging
rearwardly and sloping also, downwardly in a rearward direction; means for
adjusting the wedges toward and from each other; a stationary downwardly and
inwardly inclined member at the forward side of each wedge and having its rear
side engaging the forward extremity of said wedge, an arm on the latter engaging
the forward side of said inclined member, and the parts being so arranged and the
trend of the opposing surfaces of the aforesaid plate and wedges being such that
parallelism between the forward sides of the wedges and adjacent sloping surfaces
of the apron is established in the rearwardly-swung position of the apron in-
readjusting the wedges, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
5. In a tool-holder of the character indicated, the combination of the upright
plate A concave upon its forward side and having two forwardly-projecting
flanges A arranged a suitable distance apart; the tool-bearing aprou hung between
the upper ends of said flanges and capable of being swung rearwardly and forwardly
of its perpendicular or normal position and having a tool provided with two cutting

page_text: edges formed at the forward extremity and rear extremity, respectively, of the
tool's lower end, and said apron's rear side having two rearwardly-converging
surfaces B2; a wedge I arranged rearward of each of said sloping surfaces, and
the two wedges arranged with their smaller ends facing each other, and with their
forward sides converging rearwardly, and sloping, also, downwardly in a rearward
direction, and having their rear sides convex to render the wedges capable of
sliding upwardly and downwardly of the aforesaid concave surface of the apron
supporting plate; means for adjusting the wedges toward and from each other;
a plate L secured to the inner side of each of the aforesaid flanges and provided
with a downwardly and inwardly-inclined flange L' having its rear side engaging
the adjacent wedge, and the latter having an arm lengaging the forward or
lower side of said inclined flange substantially as shown, for the purpose specified.
6. In a tool-holder of the character indicated, the combination with the suitably
suspended tool-bearing apron capable of being swung rearwardly and forwardly of
its perpendicular or normal position and provided, in one of its edges, with a recess
or hole having its forward and rear side walls converging inwardly; of a suitably-
supported pin movable endwise and extending into the aforesaid hole, and having
the forward and rear sides of its inner end converging inwardly, and a spring acting
to retain said pin in the latter's inner position, substantially as and for the purpose
set forth.
7. In a tool-holder of the character indicated the combination with the suitably-
suspended tool-bearing apron capable of being swung rearwardly and forwardly of
its perpendicular or normal position and provided, in one of its edges, with a recess
or hole having its foward and rear side walls converging inwardly, of a suitably
supported pin movable endwise and arranged to extend centrally into the aforesaid
hole in the apron's normal position and having the forward and rear sides of its
inner end converging inwardly and having its outer portion externally screw-
threaded; a nut engaging the pin's threaded portion, and a spring bearing against
the outer end of the nut, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
8. In a tool-holder of the character indicated, the combination of a suitably-
supported horizontally-arranged oscillating shaft provided with a cam, the tool-
bearing apron mounted at its upper end, upon the cam; mechanism for raising and
lowering the apron, said mechanism being operatively connected with the aforesaid
shaft, and the arrangement of parts being such that the apron shall be lowered or
elevated, according as it is swung forwardly or rearwardly of its normal position,
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
9. In a tool-holder of the character indicated, the combination of a suitably-
supported horizontally-arranged oscillating shaft C provided with a crank C¹ and
a cam C2; the tool-bearing apren mounted at its upper end, upon the cam, and
lever-mechanism operatively connecting said apron with the aforesaid crank, and the
arrangement of parts being such that the apron shall be lowered or elevated
according as it is swung forwardly or rearwardly of its normal position, substantially
as and for the purpose set forth.
10. In a tool holder of the character indicated, the combination of a suitably
supported horizontally-arranged; shaft C provided with a crank C¹ and a cam C
the tool-bearing apron mounted, at its upper end, upon the cam; a forwardly and
rearwardly vertically-tilting lever P operatively connected, at its lower end with
the apron's lower end, and the link Q operatively connecting the upper end of said
lever with the wrist of the aforesaid crank, and the arrangements of parts being
such that the apron shall be lowered or elevated according as it is swung forwardly
or, rearwardly of its normal position, substantially as and for the purpose set forth
Dated this 26th day of January 1897.
R. HADDAN.