Process for the Treating of Metals, &c., their Coating and Insulating with Vitrious, similar and other Substances, and in Heating and Fusing by Portable Means.TING AND INSOLATING WITH VITRIOUSIMU & OTHERSTAN
Year: 1884

page_text: Process for the Treating of Metals, &c., their Coating and
Insulating with Vitrious, similar, and other Substances,
and in Heating and Fusing by Portable Means.
WILLIAM ADOLPHUS BIDDELL Infirmary Gravelly hill Erdington nr Birmingham
Warwickshire Manufacturer & CAROLINE ARIS BIDDELL 11 Upper Charles Street
Northampton Square Clerkenwell London Spinster do hereby declare the nature of
our said invention for THE PROCESS FOR THE TREATING OF METALS &C FOR
THEIR COATING AND INSOLATING WITH VITRIOUS SIMULAR & OTHER SUBSTANCES
AND IN HEATING & FUSING BY PORTABLE MEANS ON SUCH to be as follows:-
My Inventions & Improvements relate to the more permanent means of Coating
& Connecting of Vitrious simular & other substances to Iron Steel & other metals &
for purpose of Insolating them to preserve such metals & the material employed
that one may aid the other in strength & durability & lasting effect with thrift of
space material & econimy also in re utalising of vitrious & other debris & of
matter that has lost its shrinking or has little when vitrifyod as such is ground to
powder or pulverised that by applying various silicates & fluxes is to be united
to form a base of strength with unity of bonding' employed of any thickness
sise or form of such metals & matters employed whether cast wrought or wire &c
or other make for connection by these improvements & material cannot be removed
unless by violence. I utalise known Huxes & silicates with muriatic or other
acids to dense I rough finely or coarsely on the surface of such metals as may be
required by various known means I perforate cut out forins of various desighns to
omboss or make in rotund figures to advance the armourer art & as frescos &c and
in sheets & forms that by treating of Iron & Steel & metals after such roughing
I use by the known affinity and penetrating action of tin & its alloys also spelter.
& other metals that will aid the coating by electro depositing galvanising dipping
applying as foils dusting as a bronze powder & by fusing on Iron & Steel to fill
pores and colour with the affinity of the matter employd for the affinity &
uniting propertys of tin for Iron & Steel I find a useful & important base for to
which apply known fluxes & silicates to aid cover the metal, as with tin or other

page_text: films of metal that act with affinity for coating with vitrious and other matter to
follow first as a water glass a mixture well known as alumina with pot ash & soda
but for fusing as a glass I make glazes of marls in connextion with pot ash & soda
& borax and with ground slate felspar or Cornish stone &c using 3 parts more of
any of these to the alkalies of pot ash soda & borax red lead. When melted forms
a glass that is ground as flour that is made as a cream to dip or wash over in gum
water mixed or as flour to dust progresively on gumd surface then fused on the tind
or metalised surfaces of the Iron or other metal base to be coated any thickness
I also make a glaze with the oxide of tin or spelter & other metals with borax
10
5
3
pincat nitre soda &c for a clear glass glaze is of sand ash soda & borax
red lead these for colours as well as a glazo that I connect to the body matter to
aid there connextion or to be connected to the Iron Steel & other metals.
By such means enables me to vitrify on such metal surfaces glass in many designs
of metals or marbles stalichites opals turquois & as gems from glass for coating on
metal clasps aided by my Improved Heater & Fuser to advance art as practised
on porcelains &c which I now seek to employ in the constructing of building & for
improvements in architecture & in connecting to Iron & Steel vitrifyed substances
when in sheets or other forms of make to coat & insolate also in the constructing
of sheathing for ships &c and coating a glasious surface on the ships bottoms &c
as metals in colours ns with the sheathing also its firm connection to stand the
clements also in the applying such for tunnells under ground water courses or
canals sewers &c and making of plates in forms and sises in Iron or Steel & the
vitrifying and insolating of such metals that one sheet or form may supply the
place of a hundred bricks & made of such thickness as required & to be firmly
united as such is to be coated as a permanent white or designs in colours for
sanitary clenliness from eflluvia and pecolating or damp arising. In constructing
of iron forms by welding &e of bars or other make as bonds to form constructions
to coat by vitrious and other material or by cementation will enable to bring
various material into further & further important use as such iron or metal forms
are to be made as cores like bones that support the system that I coat over with
fluid vitrious & other matter to insolate them that when vitrifyed on such metal
made frames are glazd over as marble &c as a contrast in architectural and other
forms by utalising means specifyed The value of utalising or reutalising of vitrious
debris and of clay & other material that will not shink on the iron when vitrifyed
upon them likewise the binding fluxes propertys to be utalised & not cause
shrinking as all such debris & matter is ground as flour & each property singled
out for their soperate employment as such is to be employed to the highest art &
to numerous constructive purposes of new & extensive use as these improvements
are an advance on the enainelling of iron for more extensive usefullness & in the
vitro painting of woods after the silcating for adhesion as applied to metals.
Improved means for Heating & Fusing by portable appliances being a combination
of tubes or twyers conduct air to a gas blast that will convert the oxygen of the
air to the heating and fusing of vitrious simular & other matter upon surfaces of
iron or other inaterials to cover over a large space to distribute great heat quickly
for coating & enamelling & in giving heat as a portable gas forgo or blast for
reducing of refractory materials &c, also for enamelling of large subjects of coated
iron clay wood so that parts may be done at times convenient also to objects small
of home productions as these fusers are made of various sise & in numbers of tubes to
conduct the air in the large one that the gas & tubes pass through to discharge the
blast of great heat over parts of uneven thickness & that without submitting the
whole article to heat to coat or enamell being made so portable that a pair of
bellows with a flexable tube will convey air enough to the fuser to enamell a
coated plate of Iron or Steel as a life sise face of photograph aid as such when
made large enables the enamelling of the surface of brick built building being an
improvement of my former Invention of coating white bricks that is now so largely

page_text: used but by plating or coating of sheets of prepared Iron of arch forms subways
tunnells water courses sewers &c is to be carried out of any sise or extent & that
instead of a hundred bricks one sheet will supply & as such is to be ornamentally
enamell upon will make cheerfull avenues underground as gardens with electric
light to aid bringing painting by vitrifycation into common use & to be simply
applyd where gas can be conveyed by balloons & made a conveying power as well
There is much usefull material that is to be manupilated to extensive purposes
when means is found to give strength & forms for their appliances Combination
of matter as found in nature is a school with only one master.

page_text: and in Heating and Fusing by Portable and Manifold
Means upon such Metals and Materials.
I WILLIAM ADOLPHUS BIDDELL Manufacturer now of the Infirmary Gravelly
Hill Erdington in the County of Warwickshire & of CAROLINE ARIS BIDDELL
London now Mrs. Smith of 36 Noel St Colebrook Row Islinton London do hereby
declare the nature of this invention for THE TREATING OF IRON & STEEL
& OTHER METALS & MATTER FOR THE COATING INSOLATING &C and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :—
I utalisc Iron and Steel with other Metals of various manufactures & make
I also utalise various debris of various productions & materials of simular & other
substances for the applying to various descriptions of manufacture to advanc there
use and for the applying to new & improved productions of use as specifyed
& that by manapilating in the various manner described by cutting out forms of
Iron & Steel to emboss ruise or produce rotund figures & forms for sculpturing
coating & veneering upon such prepared Iron & Steel also in perforating peircing
& otherwise treating or in sheets & forms for the coating by repeating of vitrious
material to obtain various thickness of coating & insolating & preserving
such from decay & in giving lasting forms to such productions by roughing
toothing granulating to obtain adhesion and applying other metals there oxides
& silicates or an improved silicate of common glass soda & white lead utalising
films of metal as lead tin zink nickle & others & their alloys which is utalised as
follows for vitrifying of matter thats found in various connections or with Iron
when as carbonates oxides &c in the earth there being a natural affinity when
trented as specifyed for coating & to apply in the manner described & ascertaind
for use
It is to obtain firm adhesion when Iron & Steel is produced into usefull
forms for obtaining a base unity when treated as specifyed is again to be
treated for uniting to that vitrious base may acts as the connecting link for the
first coatings & preserving of the metals from decay & in giving forms & strength
to the conting materials employed and that of various thickness as required to
apply to metal In utalising of the various vitrifying matter of other material
to coat & insolate the metals & that according to the silicates & vitrious debris formd
of other material adapted I find the following mixtures among others to apply to
aid the first coating material to the prepared Iron & Steel, pure borax 10 flint
glass 5 soda or ash 2b for first applying 2d quality marl or ground slate 20 "b
red lead 4 borax 6b flint glass 156 carbonate soda 3 rd lead 2tb sand lime
lead soda & ash to aid to form the base of connecting material for the coating of
the metals and being fused seperately making a glass that is ground as flour
& used wet or dry as a cream wash for immersion or by dusting to apply when
such is mixed with matter for silicate & gums to adhere for fusing on metals

page_text: & in utalising the various vitrious debris as broken glass useless china porcelain
& other vitrious matter that has parted with their shrinking propertys are well
dryd & ground are then mixed with silicate for bondings to apply to the prepared
metals that will not shrink in the bonding for the body material I utalise any
glass red lead pot ash & pincat fused & ground to mix according to materials
employed & there use & cheapness applying these means for the following improve-
ment are the references to apply unto From architectural reliefs & ornamenting
to the various constructions to be applyed & as a facing improvement with silicates
aid to brick work also stone cements and other materials that will bear heat
I utalise the following compounds dry or wet with gum to aid their temporary
sticking until being fused on the roughd surface to impregnate the metal, as
I employ silicates for vitrious coating of brick and other buildings and work of
other constructions also in applying to Iron or Steel of any make or manufacture
applying as if made of porcelain construction in art appliances is to be carried out
on the prepared Iron & Steel so that buildings &c are to be cheaply produced as if
of marbles stone glass in colours upon works and numerous manufactures with
greater durability To carry out such improvements I rough or scratch the surface
of such metals employed by various known art methods I also granulate such
work as required to obtain most thieness for adhesion of matter employed for
such coatings I produce by cutting out from sheet Iron or Steel I stamp cast or
make into forms by any known process that by the roughing &c to coat & vitrifyed
by the means specifyed & applied by repeated immersion dusting or coating of the
prepared vitrious applyances for insolating & preserving such from decay the
utalising of vitrious debris & waste of many branches for connecting by using of
the various fluxes & silicate to combine that have an affinity and aided by silicates
of various descriptions as from marls slate & marble dusts treated with soda &
potash lead & borax such being applied according to the material employed to
obtain unity In utalising my principle of alloyd coated & roughened Iron or Steel
in applying such to building & other purposes to make such appear & wear as marble
stone glass &c upon such metal constructions which is to be connected by various
known means as well by vitro soldering by applying my improved portable fuser
That Iron forms as corrugated or embossed & risen object are coated & vitrod so
that figures & forms of Iron or Steel are coated & made as if marble stone &c as
such I apply to enlay or connect to other material also by vitro soldering on the
prepared plates of Iron & Steel as well as forms to connect for effect As it is to
obtain combination as well as affinity that the alloying by nickle & the film coating
with tin zink mercury &c that will add such combinations of matter that is
progressively applied to obtain the thickness of coating required as I rough the
surface according to aid the adhesion of body of coating matter employed I also
perforate or peice or otherwise treat to insolate such metal when treated and as
I have stated my various means & matter for the vitrious coating I do where greater
holding is required I sift on the first conting coarse sand grit or emery & fuse
such on & then coat over as the coating is variously applied to obtain thickness
& that upon curved or other formd plate of Iron so that one coated sheet supplys
the place of a hundred glazed bricks so that for culvers water courses &c can be
carried through a free or sandy soil, constructing of prepared iron screw piles
& under ground tunnells & water courses &c.
The following mixtures as most suitable silicates with ground glass-Of alu-
minion & pot ash & sodium in equal proportions also for a body by mixing of
ground Cornish stone or felspar 10 parts with borax 8 parts & oxide of tin 4
parts red lead 3 also another of marl 10 parts pot ash & soda 5 do red lead 3
borax 2 parts ditto of marl 30 parts carbonate soda 10 pincat 10 these are melted
in a crusable to become glass which is ground as flour & made as cream or used to
dust over the Iron when gumd Applying this principle to architectural works &
statuary & Iron work to fuse over the surfaces when forming of bars &c of Iron
by welding to any desighn required or in casting to form a core for coating over by
moulding or dip making such from the propared materials to cover over when the

page_text: Iron is treated by roughing &c as such is to be cast over or moulded thereon In
core casting the pattern will require to be made & lay the Iron in the sand mould
when solulable vitrious surface matters poured into the mould & remain to set
over the Iron inlayed with such vitrious material I model thereon which is also
left to well dry on such metal forms & to fill any intercesses should there be any
as the object of utalising of such material that will not contract by drying &
vitrifying is obvious When such coating is secured the applying of an enamelling
of a dead like surface to immitate the various stone & those of the choicest also on
metals is to be applied as in porcelains & that of every known character of art of
ceramic ware acting as an improved means to releive & produce new & lasting
effect to architectural works building statuary productions which is made to
advance the sculpture in Iron or Steel and the armourers art for busts figures &
forms by embossing stamping & raising welding rivetting &c togather I also apply
such means for fresco mosaic & embossings of tablets medallions or other designs
that I connect to other works by fusing or otherwise to adhere when treated for
combination.
The improvements for utalising of vitrious debris of many productions that has
parted with their contracting and shrinking propertys & in utalising other known
matter that can be applied for the coating and aid insolating the prepared Iron &
Steel the econimy must be obvious in applying their use The extensive amount of
vitrious debris in broken and useless china porcelains earthenware bricks tiles
slags & matter that has been vitrifyed that is to be utalised in the coating of the
Iron or Steel productions In sorting the various of them to apply their qualitys
to the several uses for coatings & that from an egg shell thickness to any other &
in appearance to such as a medium of stone like effects in utalising the china
material as seperate appliance when alloyd as stated for advancing the branches of
higher arts for vitro painting iron sculpture &c utalising others as well when inado
as if flour or grain seperately to employ with the silicates & fluxes to apply wet or
dry & such being used as to cause no contraction when applyed & vitrifyed I use a
mixture of flint glass borax red lead soda & lime being melted in crusable together
then ground to a dust with a portion of silicates its to prevent any contractions in
the material employed in the dusting of materials immersion &c to obtain the
thicknesses as required In applying to granulate on surfaces to aid in firmer
holding of coating I give a coat of the gum solution I then sift over very coarse
sand or grit that is melted theron & as emery glass can be applied or rubber
or water proof use is obtained I use the following as adapted to use over the
coated films dust &c of the first adhesive coating 8 lb borax 5 lb glass 4 lb soda 2 lb
ash being fused & ground to apply any further coating, & in applying to carboys
tanks cans &c by gumming the inside & out & dusting such to vitrify by the
improved process &c as follows when roughd &c as specifyed.
Utalising of the vitrifyed debris of china porcelain glass pebbles stone ware slate
brick slag being pulverised or ground to flour-such having parted with their
shrinking or expanding propertys can be found in abundance also pebbles calcined
to form a clay like surface to coat & vitrify upon the prepared metal in various
thickness for use applying of fluxes silicate &c that will unite cause no shrinking
when applyed for the coating the Iron or Steel as the material is found various so
is the applyance of fluxes & silicates & coating materials to be applied to obtain a
perfect combination heating all surfaces first for thickness as required without
contracting or parting is a portion of my Invention for utility In seeking the
advantages of coating with vitrious matter is to advance upon the enamelling of
Iron wether if wrought or cast-In bars wires or other description of make where
such is applied to the various manufactures such improvement is to be applied
thereto in specifyed under appliances thereto In treating of the Iron and Steel
when in sheet or other description of manufacture by cutting out or otherwise
producing of forms are roughd or scarifyed to obtain a perfect connextion to Iron
or Steel and that finely or of rasplike effect also in granulating as described when
applied for uso I also rough for effects & peirco perforate stamp emboss raise or

page_text: otherwise to coat & insolate for holding In cast work I utalisc a sand blast to
produce a rough surface to coat and deposit films of metals that will aid the
colour of the egg shell coatings if in bars wire &c if transparent required on the
metal productions for art work having stated the various material employed is
no use repeating I utaliso the following being very cheap as a coat 100 lb of
waste glass 30 lb soda 25 lb wt lead 20 borax as improvements for combinations of
material to Iron & Steel production as furnituro & other manufactures as a mineral
glue for woods marbles stone adhesion fusing of the mixture for buildings &
constructions for vitrious adhesion to cements & other material to which such can
be applied & that by coating painting veneering that not only prevents the metals
from decay by damp & aid material employed & the metals giving lasting hold with
durable effects with strength safety sanitary a thrift in appliances the utalising of
vitrious debris of many productions by applying the various silicates as ground
window glass made into a solution with soda & pot ash with borax & lead as an
adhesive coating-paint to aid to veneer on Iron & Steel in their various productions
as a cheap vitrious surface forming a lasting & cheap base for unity of material in
the applying for adhesion cheaply of pure sand 100th lime 10 b white lead 30™
carbon of soda 40 pot ash 15 The sand I disolve in the solution of soda & pot
ash & borax forms a mineral glue liquid that I mix the other material to apply as
a couting-paint & adhesive to veneer with as the cabinet maker roughs I scratch
the surface of the work to veneer I rough or granulate the surface of Iron & Steel
that is to be venee. by applying of coarse sand grit or emery those I apply
to connect by dusting over on the adhesives while moist But when applied to be
vitrifyed on such surface that is to be vitrifyed for the sand & other material is then
vitrifyed theron For the prepared Iron & Steel in coating brick building &c that
by using of vitrious colours, immitations of the natural products is to be obtained
The utalising of the improved portable fuser & heating surface first will not only
aid the fusing of the said mixtures but for the others for superior appliances
by driving off the votalising property & damp of soda & pot ash leaving a lasting
glassious surface the using of borax oxide of tin red lead flint or glass & making
such by melting to a glass is ground to powder to be utalised wet or dry to apply
to Iron or Stoel.
d
I apply coatings for enamelling upon Iron & Steel & for insolating & protecting
the metals from decay by the materials employed also for obtaining of various
thickness of coatings by repeating such or dusting of coat upon coat as they
vitrifyed or by layers of matter for modelling effect also in casting over as practised
in moulding over when such metal as Iron or Steel is prepared & made into forms
required to be vitrifyed thereto & then applying vitrifying colours on such works
that the immitating of marbles stones & art work transparently produced thereon
more durable than original In sculpturing in Iron or Steel to produce figure and
designs of sise rotund or projecting the brazing and connecting of the parts when
finished by vitryfying which I apply on colours of garments or as stone marbles
or metals in their lasting brightness as all is to be fused thereon as this also
applyes to emblems signals letters printing & painting writings tranfering &
other works to be produced as advancing art & usefull productions for coating Iron
or Steel
In utalising this Invention to building purposes & roofing & paving the rough-
ing &c for applying to secure the vitrious sheathing for ships of Iron Steel or wood
the connecting by adhesion by vitrifying & otherwise but to shipping by the
fusing of such joints to connect while coating of the sheathing & being impregnated
with arsenick in the make of the glascous surface to aid speed but prevent the
barnicles from fouling the econimy of producing the various metalick effect on
such to be made & connected is to be applied for on the construction of tunnelis
water courses canals sewers &c The curving of large as stone coated plates for
roofing paving &c & be connected & applied through sandy & open soils without
pudling The forming of viaducts bridges arcades &c open a field of thrift in this
appliance The utalising of fusing as further stated,

page_text: Improvements for heating & fusing glassious soldering utalising the oxygen of
the air with gas applying the portable & manifold fuser to apply for the coatings
on the prepared Iron & Steel for vitrifying thereon & to buildings to coat a
silicated surface thereon Also in constructing of muffles kilns & ovens that platos
of coated sheathings for ships & other large appliances of coated Iron & Stoel
to be coated put at one end & comes out fused at the other Being made of a
double construction in its centre & of reverbatory principles thus enabling us
with muffles to apply great heat inside with no smoke or flame & enable to fuse
& heat speedily & enamell In constructing of the improved manifold & heater
and fuser is constructed for collecting the oxygen of the air & brought in con-
nextion with gas by applying numbers of tube like forms within a larger constructed
tubular shaped rhetort or of coated Iron or Steel the smaller constructed are for
the convoyance of the air that contains the oxygen Another tube of metal &
India rubber is connected to the fuser and conveys the gas into & among the air
pipes in the fuser which when the gas comes out at the nossle end and the air is
forced into the gas flame it is condensed by oxygen of the air & fused to a blue
& intense heat which is directed by the fuser to parts required & fusing heat is
obtained to vitrify or glass solder the seams & connect other vitrifyed parts by the
various forms of constructing to obtain any amount of fusing heat The advantage
of coating & vitrifying without submitting the whole work to be heated, the
adding of thickness to enamell on parts & that of uneven thickness & any sise open
the applyance of coating & enamelling the smallest works of an ornamental & usefull
charactor when cut out embossed or made into forms the roughing and treating
may be turned to effect for ornamenting the fusing by bag pipe action the bellows
the fan up to steam power for uso As this principle is to be carried out where with
the improvements in heating & fusing glassious soldering by air & gas by manifold
elongated curved tubular portable forms for the coating the prepared Iron & Steel
with debris of clays simular & other matter that has parted with their shrinking
propertys and for the preservation of such metals & materials employed also for
improved appliance in tunnell formed muffles kilns or ovens for the fusing &
heating by following action for the vitrifying coatings of the prepared Iron or Steel
productions and in utalising of useless & broken china & other vitrious matter to
coat & insolate in various thickness on such manufacture of Iron Steel utalising
various silicates & salts as stated to aid in the present use & improvements for
new as in the constructing of monuments tablets panals tomb stone effects with
vitro outline photo' letters &c thats more lasting in time & effect the coating &
insolating of the prepared Iron & Steel wire &c and there applyance to electric
conducters the forming of cables for the construction of over head routs suspension
bridges across streets rivers & railways the enabling of over shops & for dividing
traffic is but a portion to apply by this principle for advaning the present manu-
factures in use & new improvements to which this Invention apply by vitrious
coating & insolating in colour & whiteness permanently I also claim the utalising
of such prepared metals in their various forms for coating & applying of asphaltums
bitumens cements & artificial stone & ivory pulps & horn when treated with India
rubber &c to coat & insolate Iron Steel wires when platted woven & made into
forms for the construction of carriages tram & railway applyances & other usefull
forms from the lightness strength & flexable character It is to uses such as is to
be applied in the preserved Iron & Steel & that for roofing paving steppings &
other applyances for uses & industrys by means generaly known to apply by the
various adhesives in glues gums & other matter to aid unity with prepared Iron &
Steel coated productions,

page_text: of air that to be found wherever wanted and to be applied by the manifold portable
heater & fuser that of several forms of make to distribute as are now made in
sises & forms with number & shapes of the air conducters as found convenient for
their applying with the gas to aid there fusing over surfaces as required as heating
gas can be made or conveyed for use of ships or thrift from dead weight in
applying of portable heat in use for boilers & other heat appliance Claim applying
of vitrious sheathings for ships & in utalising arsenick in the glassious coating of
such sheathing for preventing of barnacles & other effects of impediments The
glass like surface will aid speed & made to immitate & wear as metals or other
coatings in colours heating the surface before applying the coating.
As both gas & air can be applied by force or pressure & that according to
requirements in quantity so that from bag pipo & other bellows of double
or more action is made applying on see saw acting treadles that as one dis-
charges the air the other rises to fill so continual action by fusing is obtained
in applying the fan principle to apply for hot or cold blasts to obtain heat
supplying gas by various means most convenient requires developement according
to several uses known The utalising the fuser to aid a vitrious surface is
heated for brick & other buildings & iron works for use with extend the use
of mineral glue & other silicates I obtain a most lasting surface of various stone
effects by utalising of silicates of borax flint glass marble dust or Cornish
stone & nitre which being melted to glass is to be coloured with various ocres &q
& made a dust or solution to use & be vitrifyed upon various surfaces when mixed
Vitrious sheathing of ships from prepared plates or other form as woven wires and
perforated Iron & Steel constructions for the vitrious coating & insolating of
Iron & Steel for the sheathing also as vitrious painting glassious soldering of the
sheathing & enamelling the surface of such prepared metals as described by
roughing granulating or scratching heating the surface or lasting aid for vitrious
surface upon such sheathing & preserving such metals from decay connecting such
sheathing by utalising various adhesives aided by bolting screwing & applying
glassious soldering of joints by portable & fusing means as specifyed & for
firmly combining the matter employed as a vitrious coating to ships & other
crafts that require such aid whether Iron Steel or wood Also in applying a vitrious
coating to ships &c by dry docking them that the bottoms of such vessell may be
brightly clensed I then apply the roughing process by deeply scarifying & being
clensed by acids I apply heated glass or coating silicates applied by brushing over
a solution of gum water on which I dust over the appliance of tin lead zink or
other metals or bronze foil or in solution that being fused by the appliance of the
portable heater & fuser that will melt such on 1 apply also without the metal filins
the base coatings as specifyed by fusing such that I can apply the various vitrious
coating upon ships or other appliances of usefullness.
As I employ a large amount of arsenick in the coating material by fusing
& mixing has not only tendency to prevent the adhesion of barnacles &c for the
aiding speed with clenliness & colours also whiteness &c I find the applying of
red lead glass marl with potash which I fuse to glass ground as flour & mixed as
dust or in solution to apply for the vitrious coating with other matter.
In applying as a general principle the alloying film coating roughing the metal
as adapted to all my principles so that of constructing of vitrious emblems signs
signals letters to denote nationality of ships to which nation they belong and in
illuminating of them in coloured fire the tube outlines of such that is conspicuous in
colours by day & by coloured lights in the dark night be an aid of some prevention of
accidents at sea giving warnings by signals of ships course in constructing of the
fog horn whose more shrill like effect will be more peircing to hear when made of
vitrifyed Iron or Steel & for foreigners attraction Constructing of beacon staffs
of coated tube iron having phonetic characters or short hand code to signal by sight
to display with colourd lights as beacon effects to veiw that may be placed on
any conspicuous part of ship or if for land applying such a screw end to peirce
the earth while the phonetic signals are worked as such being telescopic forms aro

page_text: simply applied with tube characters that can be illuminated in coloured fires as
designs that can be understood by all as large & conspicuous letters of siso may
be understood as A for America B for British & so on that such is to be illuminated
& vitro coloured will answer instead of national emblems & that may be soon
understood & by lights round the thin edge is letters as well as emblems
will be always windward but by simple springs made to display their character
All these appliances are made by cutting out &c of the prepared Iron Steel of
numberless forms sise the coating & enamelling of colours transparent & adapts
them for all in their use being imperishable while for sise & form for attraction
needs no comment for utility as such are embossed & having forms of outline risen
give strength while working on pivots that the tubo run through the centre will
work over funnell of steamers or the topmast of ships & to other appliances of uso
utalising as stated the iron &c transparent glass coating in colours on Iron & Steel
productions & in enamelling forms in such improvements for advancing the art in
the sculpturing of Iron & Steel reviving the principles of the armourers art in
construction & applying of Iron & Steel when alloyd with nickle or tin to aid
the colour of Iron or Steel & the transparency on such & in producing by raising
& cutting out forms the connecting to produce rotund or whole figures & raised
objects in the numerous designs of outlines and other effects that is to be obtained
by vitrious coating insolating & preserving of such metals & in enamelling
ornamenting utalising other metals & preserving their brightness also materials
employed and that by the treatment as specifyed for the coating of metal in
connecting parts by hard brazing riviting and connecting of the lapped edges
together making such of uniform thickness that seams & joins not known
utalising of photo & other art appliances to obtain real features & forms required
transferring of marble & other effect as practised upon porcelains &c the utalising
the portable heater and fuser to connect & glass solder or coat & ornament parts
without submitting the whole object to great heat introducing parcel coating
& enamelling introducing of applyances that cannot be vitrifyed in muffles &c yet
may by means specifyed The thin & light manufacture of Iron & Steel that is to
be conted in various thickness that the egg shell appearance is to be applied in the
printing painting writing & other art is to be applied to last by vitrifying means
In the forming of letters & other desighns that I introduce sectional characters as
trade or art devices either printed or produced thereon or such subjects are single
in production & simply fixed with durability thereon to denote trade proffeesion
& natural productions & arts that will advance education not only to the blind but
deaf & dumb to them by attractive means The untaught negro & neglected will
be attracted to know that which they can hardly destroy.
Improvements for introducing of more effective transparent vitrod effects upon
Iron & Steel for electro lights lamps chandeliers &c and lasting applyances of
labour and art for the producing of vitrious paintings &c upon the improved
prepared Iron & Steel & in utalising of fritted glass in colours transparent in effect
of any sise produced upon prepared Iron introducing upon such seperate figures or
portions for perspective effects uniting by vitrious & other acids to Iron panals &c
The sise lightnoss improving the colours for such metalick panals & forms The
turning over the outer edge that will be the stretcher to keep the form as required
if embossed In the roughing finely & coating by applying of nickle & other
metals in films the applying a superior vitrious base coating as specifyed that
will give a stone like effect of coating & enamelling upon the metal production of
various thickness Introducing by repeating applianco of vitrious colours to pro-
duce tints upon tints of transparent effects by treating the glass of transparent
colours The durable effect will encourage the art & labour of the most gifted &
open a field to many to advance such productions as is to be applied by cutting out
embossing raising forms & in connecting of vitrious ornamental parts in applying
to many manufactures to building & shops as panals partitions tablets tomb stone
& monument walls mouldings &c aiding such for truth effect by photography &
other arts in subduing of glassious & porcelain effects upon a medium for art

page_text: productions from the shirt button stud to the church from the art gallerys to the
workshops from our native land to wilds that will attract to know what they had
never seen such is the applycation of Iron & Steel &c when treated for their
preservation & form & the lasting appliances that is open for the developement of
industryous hands in various branches of manufacture the coating of Iron in
forms with glass of various colours open & most lasting & beautefull effect of art
productions at low cast from the improved treated coloured glass.
Introducing production on Iron & Steel in there manufacture as paper or parch-
ment like opens the appliance for durability & lasting effect of recording down to
ages the works & arts of the days we live To refer to what is passed is mostly
surmised the truth we know is from stones is the evidence thats left leaves opening
to amend.
The introducing of vitrious printing impression lithography & other branches
of impressive arts as in paper staining stencilling transfering &c that can be intro-
duced with such sanitary & beautifull effect as such is partly shown in porcelain
productions we have by vitrious producing on Iron & Steel safety with clenliness
of various effect of colours & cost combined with strength & durability for pre-
serving records of national events with autograph writings imperishable by
vitrifying when such metals is rendered effective for their applying The treating
as specifyed renders such to extensive use that such metal by alloying with nickle
in the proportion of 3 lb to 100 lb of best Iron & laininated to thickness from paper
upwards according as required for use as such is applicable to the sculpturing in Iron
& other productions that require whiter & brighter effects in scratching roughing
Buch Iron or Steel & in coating as an egg shell & upwards in thickness with
transparent coating will cover such if required smooth or a rough or skin like
effect aiding its use to advance art appearances as such coating in parts as may be
practised with the various glazes & colours in the art to apply in utalising borax
oxide of tin red lead flint &c will aid its use by experience to advance the use of
the prepared Iron & Steel by coating with transparent effect of coloured glass upon
such cut out stamped & prepared Iron or Steel for numerous usefull productions of
works for beautiful & lasting effect by vitrifying coloured glass upon stamp upon
other make of Iron & Steel.
Improvements for treating Iron & Steel when made from wires &c of various
sises and make as beads in strings buttons of various character & form coating such
by vitrious matters & coloured glass transparent &c to appear as gems or in
strings &c of pearl corals ruby emerals & other gems Or as plain to look as
ivory ebonite &c and colours coating the finest wires making such as thread silk &c
applying on bobbins reels &c to work into lace of every variety & shapes of
figures &c of construction & colours upon them as now produced by the present
manufactures opening the means to apply such enamelld wires as ornamenting &
aiding forms as borders crinolines bonnets collars &c for female wear. Constuct-
ing woven wire blinds &c tapestry embroidering sampling on other materials
with such ornamental coated wires also apply such coating & enamelling on peirced
either stamped or saw peirced of Iron or Steel as for strips or borders for liquor
cruets looking glass picture & other frames & in mouldings chandeliers lamps & for
masks figures & designs to decorate as may be required to usefull purposes as
buttons of various character & style In the treating of Iron & Steel to all such
purposes as applicable by the roughing & treating with silicates & in coating with
films of metals or in alloying of such Iron & Steel to aid whiteness & affinity by
utalising of the oxides as well to the coating matter to aid their former connection
to combine & aid the more bright effect of such coating or colours as may be
applied in utalising of tin lead zink mercury nickle iron platinum aluminium &
their alloys & their oxides to aid such for combining I utalise for coating on such
prepared Iron & Steel when mixed & fused to a vitrious matter calcined flint 8 1b
borax 6lb 1 Cornish stone 1 nitre 3 of oxide tin another of 8 lb red lead 6 lb of
flint glass 4 borax 1 felspar 2lb oxide of tin also 8 lb of red lead 3 borax 6 flint glass

page_text: Each being seperate to employ wet or dry by making as dust or flour to make as
cream with gum or spirit of tar or to use as to dust upon when covered over by being
gum washed & applying by dusting over with either when as flour or as powdered
colourd glass for transparent effect.
Utalising of vitryfyed coatings of Iron & Steel 'in the manufacture of musical
instruments that by their former coating advances sound & effect as iron piano
fortes their case & parts are now made It is to make & improve the sound &
other usefull effects that such as the effect of the closeness of molecules or tissues
in connextion of unity it is shown by bell metal of Steel & glass that Iron or Steel
bas not the sound when struck spun or raised in basin forms when struck has
when such is coated by vitrious surface will ring then showing the effect of
advancing sound as action shows on one there effect so it will with others in there
vibrasions through closeness in the connecting of materials.
In treating the manufacture of Iron & Steel I find that if either is alloyd with
from 2 to 5 per cent of nickle it has great advantage also 2 to 3 per ct of tin they
aid the colour of the Iron or Steel which also aid the unity of coating matter
particularly for aiding the brightness of vitrifying colours so that by treating as
specifyed ornamentations & well as sound will be advanced by the coating that all
surfaces be heated before vitrifying In constructing the violin tribe the horn
clarinnet & others the importance of equal thickness of all parts the lapping over
so that all parts shall be equal the hard soldering for connecting & as Iron or Steel
is to be manipulated as with other metals they are to be vitro coated & that by
various hardness of surface matter I claim also for utalising this process for the
construction of fog horns beacons buoys in the coated & coloured Iron or Steel that
can also be applyed as coloured signals with lights & coloured fires as warnings and
in directing for the mariner landmen & lighthouse in their appliance.
CLAIM FOR USE AND REMARKS.
Iron & Steel by coating & insolating for protecting the metals from decay &
the materials employed & to obtain the various thickness of coating by repeating
dusting immersing & vitrifying also by laying or plastering modelling moulding
casting over welded saw peirced or other open & artwork pouring of the coating
in solution as melted metals to cover prepared iron work when laid in mould of
sand when dry then to bake over the iron frame when prepared to vitrify & colours
as marbles by means as specifyed & on porcelain & patterns so various to apply
& adorn works Heating first all surfaces that be coated for effect Introducing
of Iron & Steel for sculpture works to coat look marbles stone metals in brightness &
colours transparent &c upon rotund embossed stamped part & projecting work and
on parts for to be connected by brazing pinning & vitro soldering of such forms as
required to resemble & appear as life or in metals in their brightness preserved
againt all climes yet light with strength & effect to produce for ships &c national
emblems signals signs letters figures &c Printing as paperlike on sheets of Iron
& Steel the painting on such light & as flat when required as any canvas with
their turned edges as the stretcher so that writings transfering litho & other arts is
to be introduced imperishable on the prepared Iron or Steel when vitrifyed thereon.
In applying this principle to building purposes as specifyed a thrift of space &c
The vitrious sheathing of ships of Iron Steel or wood utalising of waste glass &
metal as a base vitrious paint to aid the coating of such on thero connecting by
the fusing of such on In vitro soldering painting & coating for the impregnating of
such sheathing with arsenick in the glasious sheathing that will aid speed & deter
barnacles & impediments from fouling the econimy of production with durability
as these improvements apply in the construction of tunnells water courses canals
sewers &c the applying of large plates by curving & forming then in coating &
connecting to be applied through sandy & open soils & for viaducts &o bridges
markets &o are but a portion of the industry submitted by me.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my Inven-
tions & Improvements and in what manner the same is performed
I declare what I claim for the process as stated for manufacture & treating of
Iron & Steel & other metals for the coating insolating by various thickness with
vitrious simular & other substances & matter that by roughing the metals for
coating to aid the insolating with vitrous debris and matter stated upon such
metals & clay to apply to Iron & Steel when alloyd or coated with nickle & other
metals for couting such and in utalising of Iron & Steel when treated for there con-
necting & preservation in there application to buildings &c the sheathings for ships the
various thickness of coatings by vitrious repeating by dusting painting on forins as
required of Iron Steel in sheet wire or other make & manufacture & in using waste
glass soda & lead borax &c Introducing the portable heating & fusable means to
aid the vitrifying soldering painting of such by vitrify on surfaces & in heating by
applying where gas of any make is made or can be conveyed by utalising the heat
of oxygen of air as conveyed by the manifold heater of various constructions of
the portable fuser & other stated means Using the improved muffle & oven for
vitrifying of matter upon large work for coatings of such substances & on the vitro
ornamenting printing painting writing & other wet appliances that is to applied
by vitrifying or coated upon such Iron &c I claim also the use of such made &
prepared metals the applying of asphaltums bitumens cements horn ivory vulcanite
ebonite & other matter that can be usefully newly applied to such coated & prepared
metals.
Having now particularly described & ascertained the nature of my Inventions
& Improvements and in what manner the same is to be performed
I declare what I claim is by roughing scratching plating coating & alloying
of Iron & Steel of every make & forms & in utalising waste glass for the processes
of treating of metals for their coating in transparent effect Heating all surfaces
first to coat & insolating with vitrious simular and other substances & matter & in
utalising Iron & Steel when alloyd with nickle and plated with other metals for
coatings by vitrifying &c and in heating fusing vitro soldering & otherwise
applying for utalising the oxygen of the air by contracting to apply by the aid of
the manifold appliances of forms as described to aid in the vitrious coating of metals
& matter requiring heat for vitrious debris glass &c Applying my improvd muffles
kilns & ovens for the means of vitrifying on the surface of large prepared Iron &
Steel when in plates or other forins & the enamelling with colours on such coated
metals the applying of glass in colours for transparently prepared metals the
utalising of vitrious inks & colours the make of which is known as all surfaces
should be heated first for any silicates fluxes salts chemical or adhesives to be
applied in use Claiming the use of all of such when to be applied for use for the
coating of the prepared Iron & Steel & the matter employed also in utalising
of Iron or Steel when alloyd by nickle I also claim the utalising of the prepared
metals for their being conted with asphaltuns bitumens cements horn various pulps
& other matter applicable to apply to such prepa metals I do not claim any
particular adhesives that can be applied to aid unity to the metals as such is known
I claim there use for the coating insolating by pressing or otherwise treating to
enclose & use such metals as such is to aid the strength give forms & safety with
thrift to all such appliances & productions from such preserved metals as can be
applied to general & new uso.
Daind : 00-18 T 100-