MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL CASTINGS, AND IN THE MOULDS OR PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Isaac Beardmore, of Parkhead, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Iron and Steel Manufacturer, for an Invention of "IMPROVE
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL CASTINGS, AND IN THE MOULDS OR
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Isaac Beardmore at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd April 1881.
ISAAC BEARDMORE, of Parkhead, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Iron
and Steel Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL
CASTINGS, AND IN THE MOULDS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
This Invention, which relates to improvements in the manufacture of steel, has
for its object to produce steel castings practically free from blow holes or honey-
combing, that is to say, to produce such castings with a much higher degree of
solidity than is usually the case with steel castings formed in the ordinary ingot
moulds. The improvements are more especially applicable for the production of
very large castings, such as the rolls of rolling mills, crank shafts for marine and
other engines, and other large castings. It is however also applicable to the
ensuring of solidity in lighter castings, and for the production of ingots without
or practically without blow-holes or honey-combing, for conversion into plates, bars,
or forgings..
The apparatus by means of which such solidity of steel castings is ensured
consists of moulds of the requisite shape and size built of fire-bricks, and cemented
together by fireclay or analogous cement. The interior of the said moulds is heated
to a high teinperature by means of gas led thereinto through a flue and burned
therein, an escape flue being provided for the products of combustion. By this
means the interior of the moulds are brought up to a red heat at the time the
steel is ready to be cast, and solid castings of the kind herein before described are
the result.
It is to be understood that the interior of the moulds may be lined with sand or
analogous silicious material, and that they may be placed horizontally, or at a
slight angle, or vertically, for the reception of the molten steel.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Isaac Beardmore in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
22nd October 1881..
"
ISAAC BEARDMORE, of Parkhead, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Iron
and Steel Manufacturer. IMPROVEMENTS. IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL
CASTINGS, AND IN THE MOULDS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
My said Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of steel castings,
and has for its object to produce steel castings practically free from blow holes or
honey combing, that is to say, to produce such castings with a much higher degree
of solidity than is usually the case with steel castings formed in the ordinary
ingot moulds.
The apparatus by. means of which such solidity of steel castings is ensured
consists of moulds of the requisite shape built of bricks, the inner ones of which
are of fire clay, and may be cemented together by fire clay or analagous cement.
The interior of the said moulds. is heated to a high temperature, which may be
effected by any suitable means, as, for instance, by means of gas led thereinto by
a flue and burned therein, an escape flue being provided for the products of
combustion. By this means. the interiors of the moulds are brought up to
preferably a red heat at the time when the steel is ready to be cast, and solid
castings of the kind hereinbefore described result from casting the said steel in the
said moulds. In the accompanying Drawings I have illustrated various moulds,
constructed and provided with means for producing steel castings according to my
Invention. Figure 1 represents in elevation, Figure 2 in horizontal section, and
Figure 3 in longitudinal vertical section a mould for casting a crank shaft. The
main body a of the mould is built of common bricks, and the said mould is lined
with fire bricks or like refractory material a², preferably cemented together by
fire clay. The exterior of the mould is strengthened by metal plates and by the
bars and tie rods, as shewn. Two concentric pipes b and c open into the interior
of the mould, gas being admitted through one of the said tubes and air being
drawn through the other. The gas and air admitted by the pipes b and c are
ignited and burned in the interior of the mould, the products of combustion
escaping by the flues d. The interior of the mould is by this means brought to a
heat, preferably a red heat, and when in this state the molten steel is run thereinto,
and a sound casting free from honey-combing or blow holes results. Figure 4
represents a longitudinal section of a mould for casting a roll in a horizontal
position, and Figure 5 represents a similar mould for casting a roll in a vertical
position. These moulds are constructed essentially in the manner described with
reference to Figures 1, 2, and 3, and the various corresponding parts are marked
with the same letters of reference.
The Invention is especially applicable for the production of large castings, such
as the rolls of rolling mills, crank shafts for marine and other engines, but it is
also applicable for ensuring solidity in lighter castings, and for the production of
ingots free or practically free from blow holes or honey combing for conversion
into plates, bars, or forgings.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the system, mode, or manner in or under which the same is or
may be used or practically carried into .effect, I would observe in conclusion that
what I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to me by the herein before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
First. The herein before described improvements consisting in casting steel in
moulds made of bricks lined with fire bricks or with other refractory material, and
heated essentially as herein before described.

page_text: Second. The construction of moulds of bricks lined with fire bricks or other
refractory material in combination with means for heating them to effect the object
of this Invention, essentially as herein before described and illustrated in the
several Figures of the accompanying Drawings.
Third. The means hereinbefore described by which gas and air are admitted to
the moulds for being burnt therein and for heating the moulds.
In witness whereof, I, the said Isaac Beardmore, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
ISAAC BEARDMORE. (L.S.)