Improvements in Sand-blast Apparatus.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application (in United Kingdom), 5th Dec., 1899
Improvements in Sand-blast Apparatus.
I, JAMES M. NEWHOUSE, of Marble Cliff, in the County of Franklin and State
of Ohio, United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of this invention.
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
-
This invention relates to sand-blasts, and more particularly to that class
designed for the cleaning of stone, metals, etc., although it will be readily seen
from the following description that the structure may be adapted to any use of
the sand-blast.
The object of the invention is to provide a machine in which clogging may be
prevented in which a high pressure may be maintained to supply the sand at
a distant point, in which the feed of the sand may be regulated without changing
the pressure, in which the pressure may be regulated without changing the feed
of the sand, and a construction in which there is an economy of sand and also
in which the work may be performed with a lower pressure than is ordinarily
employed.
In the drawings, forming a portion of this specification, and in which similar
numerals of reference designate corresponding parts in both views,
Figure 1 is a vertical section of the apparatus, the air-compressor and the
nozzle, which may be of any construction, being omitted.
Figure 2 is a detail longitudinal section of the air-nozzle within the sand and
compression chamber.
Referring now to the drawings, 5 represents a preferably cylindrical casing
having a preferably reentrant funnel-shape upper end 6, having a central opening
for the introduction of sand, and which opening has a removable and frustro-
conical cover 7, attached thereto through the medium of bolts 8, the central
opening of said cover having a threaded inwardly-directed flange 9, which is
screw-threaded for the reception of a plug 10, the entire structure of this upper
end being air-tight. The lower end 11 of the casing 5 is also funnel-shaped
and projected downwardly, and leading from the central opening thereof is a
pipe 12, having connection with a pipe connection 13 through the medium
of the stem 14 thereof, which lies, preferably, at an angle of forty-five degrees
to the head 15. Intermediate the pipe 12 and connection 13, are an elbow 16

page_text: and nipple 17, which form the suction-pipe of an air siphon, the nozzle 18 of
which passes centrally of the head 15 and enters the delivery-pipe 19, connected
with the forward end of said head. The nozzle 18 is tapered from the base
toward its discharge-point, as readily understood, and the rear enlarged end of
the nozzle has an air-tight connection with a nipple 20, threaded into a con-
nection 21, which in turn is threaded upon a nipple 22 in threaded
with the rear end of the head 15. This siphon, as above mentioned, is of the
engagement
ordinary construction and operation well known.
Connected with the rear or inlet end of the nipple 20 is a regulating-valve 23,
with which is also connected a nipple 24, leading to one end of the head 25
of a connection 26, the opposite end of said head being connected through
the medium of a pipe 27 with any suitable air-compressing means. The stem 28
of the connection 26 lies at an angle of less than ninety degrees to the
nipple 24, and extending from the said stem is a pipe 29 connected with an
elbow 30, which in turn is connected with a pipe 31, opening into a regulating
valve 32. A pipe 33 is connected with the opposite end of the valve 32, and
which pipe is in direct connection with a nozzle 34, within the casing 5, through
the medium of pipes 35 and 36 and connecting L's 37 and 38, the pipe 35 passing
through the wall of the casing 5 with an air-tight joint.
The nozzle 34 has an enlarged threaded base, as shown, forming means for
engagement with the lower end of the pipe 36, said nozzle being diminished from
the base to a point below the pipe 36 by a tapered formation 40, and from which
tapered portion it is continued downwardly in cylindrical form, as shown at 41,
and has its discharge end opening into and just below the upper edge of the
nipple 12. Just above the cylindrical portion of the nozzle are formed outwardly
and downwardly extending perforations 42, outlining a circle above the outer
periphery of the nozzle, for a purpose to be presently explained.
In Figure 1 of the drawings, the casing 5 is shown as supported upon a
frame 43 having wheels 44 to enable the apparatus to be removed from place to
place, although as it will be readily appreciated, the casing may be swung from
a frame or suspended from a fixed point or otherwise arranged to permit its
removal, or, if preferred, may be fixed.
The
The operation of the device is as follows: A suitable quantity of sand having
been placed within the casing 5 through either the large opening in the top
or the smaller opening in the cover 7, air-pressure is supplied through the pipe 27,
and a portion of which pressure passes to the nozzle 40, the air passing out
through the openings 42, as also through the terminal discharge-orifice.
passage of air through the openings 42 results in the stirring up of the sand,
which is at a level above said openings, and also results in the establishment
of an air-pressure within the casing, and which pressure acts to force the sand
through the opening of the bottom and into the nipple 12. This action is assisted
also by the suction in the pipe 12, due to the passage of a jet of air from the
nozzle therethrough, the sand which has thus entered the nipple 12 being forced
downwardly and into the connection 13, from whence it is thrown outwardly and
through the pipe 19, due to the siphon action of the nozzle 18 under the influence
of air from the pipe 27, passing through nipples 20 and 24.
By manipulation of the valve 32 the air-supply to the casing 5 may be
regulated to regulate the supply of sand passing into the nipple 12, while the
valve 23 may be manipulated to vary the pressure of the jet from the nozzle 18,
and hence the velocity of the sand-blast from the nipple 19. Through the medium
of the valves 23 and 32 a large quantity of sand may be delivered either under
high or low pressure, or a lesser quantity of sand may be delivered under high
or low pressure, and thus may the operation of the apparatus be varied and
regulated to secure the most effective results under different conditions of opera-
tion.
It will be readily understood that in practice the pipes 12 and 17 are susceptible
to clogging, as are also the connections therewith, and with the structure pre-
5

page_text: sented the valve 23 may be entirely closed and the valve 32 opened to concentrate
the entire pressure upon the stoppage and thus to blow it from its place.
The specific construction herein shown and described may be varied in its
details, and any proportion and materials may be employed without departing
from the spirit of the invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. A sand-blast apparatus, comprising a sand-reservoir, a discharge-pipe lead-
ing from the reservoir, an air-nozzle opening into said discharge pipe and adapted
for suction therethrough from the reservoir, openings in the nozzle for directing
air against the contents of the reservoir, a second nozzle leading into the discharge-
pipe below the first-named nozzle and adapted to create suction between it and
the first-named nozzle and to exert a discharge-pressure between it and the
outlet of the discharge-pipe, and means for supplying air pressure to said nozzle.
2. A sand-blast apparatus, comprising a sand-reservoir, a discharge-pipe having
branches, a siphon in one of said branches, adapted to create suction from the
reservoir, a siphon in a second branch adapted to create suction in the first-named
branch and to create pressure in the discharge pipe, and means for supplying
air-pressure to the siphons.
3. A sand-blast apparatus, comprising a casing or reservoir adapted to receive
sand, an outlet for the reservoir, a nozzle within the reservoir and opening
through the outlet, openings in the nozzle communicating directly with the
reservoir, a discharge pipe connected with the outlet, and means for supplying
pressure to the nozzle."'
4. A sand-blast apparatus comprising a reservoir and adapted to receive sand,
an outlet for the reservoir, a nozzle within the reservoir, an opening through
the outlet, a discharge-pin comprising branches, one of which is connected with
said outlet, a second nozzle in the second branch of the discharge-pipe and adapted
for suction in the first-named branch, and means for supplying pressure to the
nozzle.
5. A sand-blast apparatus comprising a sand-reservoir having an outlet-opening,
a siphon in operative relation to said opening and adapted to create suction there-
through from the reservoir, a discharge-pipe connected with said opening, a
second siphon on the discharge-pipe and adapted to create suction from the
reservoir-opening and to establish pressure at the outlet of the discharge-pipe,
means for supplying a fluid under pressure to the siphons, and means for regulat-
ing the fluid-supplies independently.
For the Applicant,
J. G. LORRAIN, M.I.E.E., M.I.Mech. E.,
Norfolk House, Norfolk Street, London, W.C., Chartered Patent Agent.