IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE- POWER ENGINES TO BE WORKED BY STEAM OR OTHER FLUID, APPLICABLE ALSO TO METERS AND PUMPS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Tomlinson Bousfield, of Sutton, in the
County of Surrey, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE-
POWER ENGINES TO BE WORKED BY STEAM OR OTHER FLUID, APPLICABLE ALSO
TO METERS AND PUMPS."-A communication from abroad by Rudolf
Eickemeyer, of Yonkers, New York, in the United States of
America, Machinist.
Sealed the 20th October 1873, and dated the 16th May 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Tomlinson
Bousfield at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 16th May 1873.
I, GEORGE TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Sutton, in the County of Surrey,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES TO BE WORKED BY STEAM OR OTHER FLUID, APPLICABLE
ALSO TO METERS AND PUMPS," to be as follows:–
The Invention relates to that class of engines, in which the pistons
act as valves for the induction and eduction of the impelling fluid, and

page_text: more particularly to that form wherein the piston has a compound
motion, viz., a reciprocating motion in the line of the longitudinal axis
of the cylinder, and a partly rotating motion around that axis. The
two motions are continuous, and are produced simultaneously when
obtained through a crank acting upon an arm, which is fastened upon
the piston rod, or may be intermittent when produced by a separate
piston in a cylinder placed at right angles with the main cylinder.
The improvement relates more particularly to the construction of the
ports and channels in the cylinder and piston, and the object is to
balance the pressure of the impelling fluid upon the sides of the piston,
and to accomplish this the impelling fluid is admitted to the cylinder by
two ports of equal size, opposite each other, through two channels in the
piston, also of equal size, and opposite each other, while the eduction
takes place through two other channels also opposite each other, and
The
opening into two eduction ports in corresponding positions.
channels act first as inlet and then as outlet passages of the steam or
other fluid, and being of the same superficial area the pressure against
the sides is exactly balanced, and wear prevented.
In direct acting engines, such as fluid meter pumping engines, &c., a
small cylinder of similar construction is placed at right angles with the
main cylinder, and the piston fitting this cylinder is constructed sub-
stantially in the same manner as the large piston.
The joint working of the two pistons is as follows:--Near the end of
its stroke the main piston causes the small piston to partially rotate
around its axis, thus changing its motion. The small piston has
attached to it a projecting arm, which fits in a groove in the main
piston, and when moving from one side to the other it gives the main
piston its partly rotating motion, and reverses its motion, while the large
piston in turn reverses the motion of the small one.
In motive-power engines, or in pumping engines when a part of the
power is to be utilized from a rotating shaft, a crank of peculiar con-
struction is applied to an arm fastened to the piston rod. This crank is
formed by hinging a link, to which the crank pin is attached to the end
of the fly wheel shaft, and fitting to this crank pin a box or bearing on
the arm on the piston rod, the hinge allowing the crank pin to follow
the motion of the arm, and causing the piston to make a part of a revo-
lution during each double stroke.

page_text: For pumping engines I prefer a motion of one quarter of a revolution
of the piston; as only a part of the power is transferred to the fly wheel
shaft a long arm is not very objectionable.
When all the power of the engine developed in the cylinder by steam
or compressed gases is to be transferred through a rotating shaft it is
desirable to reduce the steam passages as much as possible, and also to
vary the length of time during which the elastic fluid is admitted in the
cylinder, while in some cases an engine to be useful must be easily
reversed. To accomplish this the piston is constructed with ports or
openings through its cylindrical ends, opposite each other, and communi-
cating in pairs with the ends of the cylinder. Along the sides of the
cylinder four sets of ports are so arranged that the ports in the piston
pass these ports in their passage in the cylinder. The ports in the
cylinder may be one opening each, and by the length and position the
length of time during which the impelling fluid is admitted in the
cylinder may be varied, or each port may be formed in sections inde-
pendent of each other, and terminating in a steam chest or steam
chests.
A rotating slide valve will when put in the proper position be shut
off from the induction pipe any desired part of these sections, and by
altering the position of the valve or valves the cut-off is varied. Any of
the known valves would do the same, and if properly balanced any of
the ordinary governors will operate the valve.
In order to reverse the engine it is only necessary to so set the valves
that the induction ports are converted into eduction ports, and the
cduction ports to induction ports. In engines of this construction the
piston should make one-third of a revolution, as this shortens the arm
on the piston rod materially, and thus makes the use of a light piston
rod possible. The hinged piece of the crank, nearly four times the
length of its oscillation, has very long bearings, and is a most durable
attachment. To keep the central position of the piston rod the bearing
consists of a conical plug fitted into a suitable socket, and so arranged
that all wear is taken up by forcing the plug into the conical socket.
The advantages claimed for this engine and pump are its great
compactness and extreme simplicity. The pressure on the sides of the
pistons being entirely balanced the wear and friction is reduced to a
minimum; and in case the improvements are applied to direct acting
A 2

page_text: engines and pumps there are no valves of any kind, and the moving
parts are very few.
in
For engines where the impelling fluid is incompressible the motion of
the piston at each end of its stroke is the most favorable valve con-
struction for such a purpose. The great objection which made the use
of this kind of engines impracticable for water meters or other fluid
meters was the excessive friction caused by the pressure of the fluid
against the sides of the piston. This is entirely avoided in this engine.
When using ports in the piston in place of channels the steam space
the steam passages is less than in any other engine, and by the addition
of one or more cut-off valves a variable cut-off engine is produced which
has no loose parts, except the cut-off valve or valves, and the motion of
these is not continuous, as the valve only requires shifting when a
greater or less degree of expansion is to be given. As a reversible
engine it has the advantage of a cut-off acting in either direction without
the use of cam, eccentric, or link motion, and the result is an economy
in the use of steam not attainable in engines where a great deal of com-
plicated machinery is necessarily in motion. The hinged crank furnishes
a means to convert the reciprocating motion of the piston into rotary
motion, which is superior to all the devices heretofore used for that
purpose, and combined with a piston with no pressure sideways produces
a most complete, compact, durable, cheap, and economical engine.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Tomlinson Bousfield in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 15th November 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Sutton, in the County of Surrey, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-sixth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, Her special license that
I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, my executors, administrators,

page_text: and assigns, or such others as I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS
IN MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES TO BE WORKED BY STEAM OR OTHER FLUID, APPLICABLE
ALSO TO METERS AND PUMPS," a communication to me from abroad by
Rudolf Eickemeyer, of Yonkers, New York, in the United States of
America, Machinist, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said George Tomlinson Bousfield, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
These improvements relate generally to that class of reciprocating
piston engines in which the pistons operate as valves for controlling the
induction and eduction to and from the cylinder, and the principal
features thereof relate to and are more particularly applicable to those
engines in which the pistons have a reciprocal rotative and longitudinal
movement.
Referring to the Drawings, Figure 1 represents an engine partially in
side elevation, but with the steam ports, passages, and controlling valve
in section. Figure 2 represents the same in rear view. Figuro 3 repre-
sents the cylinder in lateral section on a line with the central steam
passage. Figure 4 represents the same portion of the cylinder in vertical
section.
Figure 5 represents in side elevation a horizontal engine embodying
features of the Invention which relate to the reversibility thercof.
Figure represents the engine, Figure 5, in transverse longitudinal
section on a line with the piston rod. Figure 7 represents the engine,

page_text: Figure 5, in transverse vertical section on a nuc vnivaga
the axes of the change valves.
Figure 8 represents in plan view the change valve and its pinion.
Figure 9 represents the interior face of the steam chest, on which the
change valve is located.
Figures 10 and 11 represent in section one end of the piston, one
cylinder head, the cylindrical cross head, slide, and a different crank
connection.
Figure 12 represents in end view the cylindrical slide and cross head
connection.
Figure 13 represents the cut-off valve and the several entrances from
the steam chest to the steam passages.
In all the Figures A denotes the cylinder on or with which in most
cases the bearings for the crauk shaft will be cast. B denotes the
piston rod, which is connected with the crank shaft by means of a novel
crank device C, which is composed, as clearly shown in Figures 5 and 6,
of the crank head a, keyed to the fly wheel shaft, a vibrating bow-shaped
crank arm b hinged to the crank head a on an axis which is set at right
angles to and at proper half stroke distance on one side from the axial
lino of the crank shaft, and is provided with a spherical crank pin c,
which is embraced in an adjustable socket arm a keyed to the piston
rod. As the piston rod advances or retreats the fly wheel shaft is rotated,
the hinged crank arm vibrating to and from the crank head a twice
during each complete revolution, and as the socket arm d is keyed to
the piston rod it imparts thereto a reciprocal rotative movement, which
can obviously be effected to any desired extent by modifying the relative
proportions of the several portions of the complex crank. The piston
rod at its upper end is fitted to slide in an adjustable slide bearing F,
composed of a split bushing f, a conical scat g, and a screw cap or nut h,
all being so arranged that the bushing on being forced downward is
diametrically contracted, whereby undue wear of the bushing and rod
may be readily compensated.
The piston D is of peculiar form and construction, and is clearly
shewn in Figure 6. It is tubular in form, and midway between the two
ends is a partition, to which the piston rod is secured, as shown.
The

page_text: two cylinder heads e may be exteriorly of the usual form or concave, but
their inner portions project toward the middle of the cylinder with a
surrounding annular space of proper dimensions to receive the tubular
end of the piston when at the completion of its stroke. This construction
and arrangement allows of the location of the valve ports in the piston
at a point closely adjacent to the longitudinal centre of the piston, and
avoids lengthy interior passages, as heretofore necessitated,, and at the
same time the steam "clearance" is reduced to a minimum, as will be.
seen at the left-hand end of the cylinder in Figure 6.
In Figure 1 the four induction ports i are clearly shewn; they are
located one above the other at the side, and midway in the cylinder, and
are duplicated on the opposite side thereof. To drive the piston upward
steam is taken in on one side of the cylinder, while from the opposite
side steam is taken to drive it downward. Each of these ports is
individually connected by a passage k with the main steam chest, and.
each passage has also a port or entrance of its own thereto. The
passages k from one side enter the steam chest exactly opposite those on
the other side. Within the steam chest is a rotary valve E, clearly
shewn in Figure 13, in transverse section with the steam passage
entrances k. If turned to the left the valve commences by closing the
upper passage on the left and the lower passage on the right, and so on,
until if it is desired the steam may be confined to the lower left-hand
and the upper right-hand passages, or cut off entirely. The shaft of
valve E may be provided with a hand lever E' for the manipulation of
an operative, or it may, in an obvious manner, be automatically actuated
by any of the well-known governing mechanisms so applied thereto that
the reciprocal semi-rotation of the valve may be effected thereby. As
shewn in Figure 2 an external indicator may be provided for readily
shewing the exact position of the valve with relation to the several steam
passages.
It is to be understood for instance that the piston will in moving from
its lowest to its highest point make one-cighth of a revolution and back.
again, and that during the further or downward movement it will
continue onward in the rotary movement for another eighth of a
revolution and back again by the time its lowest point is again reached.
If however the piston be started upward from a point midway in the
cylinder it will commence its rotation and continue it during the transit
up from and down to the same starting point, and make during said

page_text: transit a full quarter revolution, and if the full stroke be made a return
movement to the same extent will be effected.
It will be seen that the principal portion of the rotation of the piston
occurs while it is at the end of the stroke, and that comparatively little
if any rotation occurs midway thereof.
The two main valve ports in the piston are on the side which is
nearest the crank, and are so arranged in the central partition of the
piston that they communicate respectively with its opposite ends. One
of these valve ports is shewn at 1, Figure 6, in a piston otherwise adapted
for a reversible engine.
The auxiliary exhaust valve ports are cut through the sides of the
piston nearer the end thereof, and one of them is shewn in Figure 6 at
m, and in that instance as in this they are auxiliary to the main ports,
which are alternately employed as induction and eduction ports.
The auxiliary exhaust valve ports in the piston of the engine,
Figure 1, are each located on the side opposite the main valvo port for
the same end of the cylinder, although, as already stated, they are both
located nearer the end of the piston than the said main steam and
exhaust ports. Although not shewn in Figure 1, it will be understood
that the cylinder has two exhaust ports on the left hand side thereof,
one obove the other; both of these exhaust cylinder ports are shown in
Figures 3 and 4, at m¹ and m². The lower one is on a level with the lowest
steam port, and the upper one on a level with the highest steam port.
It will readily be seen, however, that the exhaust cylinder port m³,
Figuro 4, is the main exhaust port, with which, as the piston rotates, at
the end of each stroke both of the main piston valve ports are brought
into alternate coincidence, and that it is through said main exhaust
port m³ that the steam is, by said coincidence, exhausted from alternate
ends of the cylinder through each proper main valve port at about the
time of or slightly in advance of the coincidence of its auxiliary exhaust
valve port with its proper cylinder port m² or m², as the case may be.
As seen in Figure 1 the piston has made its complete upward move-
ment. In doing this it would have taken in steam through all the
steam passages on the side shewn during nearly all of the entire
stroke.

page_text: If it be desirable to work the steam expansively the valve E will be
so turned that any desired number of the steam passages will be closed,
commencing first at the upper one on this side, and the lower one on the
opposite side, and therefore from the last open passage the piston will be
driven by the expansive force of the steam already received to the com-
pletion of its stroke. If the valve E be controlled automatically by
well-known governing mechanism the cutting off of the steam will be
effected with practically similar results to those expected from the more
complicated valve motions embodying valve tripping mechanism.
I will now explain the construction and operation of the engine when
the feature of reversibility is desired.
Figures 5 to 9, inclusive, are intended to illustrate such an engine. I
have chosen to illustrate the reversible feature in connection with a
horizontal engine, although it is as well adapted to the vertical engine.
When reversible, the steam passages and ports, and the exhaust passages
and ports will be capable of being alternately used in each capacity.
In Figure 7 the cylinder is shewn in central vertical section. The
several passages are of the same character, and are designated for
descriptive purposes n¹, n², n³, and n'. Each of these may be sub-
divided into sections or ports i in accordance with the description in
connection with Figure 1, or only those which are to be employed the
greater portion of the time as induction passages may be so subdivided.
On top of and below the cylinder at the termination of these passages is
a plane surface or sheet, shewn in Figure 9, on which a cap o is placed,
forming a steam space communicating with the steam pipe H, Figure 7,
which pipe also communicates with a corresponding steam space below
the cylinder. Within each of these steam spaces is a rotary change
valve I, shewn in Figure 8, as having gear teeth in its periphery, and
engaged with a pinion on a wheel shaft p, which extends downward to
the lower steam space, and is connected in the same manner with the
lower change valve I' in order that its rotation will cause a simultaneous
rotation of both change valves I and I¹. The movement of the two
valves being simultaneous they are in operation and effect to be properly
considered as one valve.
In the upper plane surface, or change valve seat, as seen in Figure 9,
is a port q, which communicates by an interior passage with the exhaust
pipe G. In the lower plane surface there is a corresponding port which

page_text: communicates in the same manner with the exhaust pipe. These ports
(q and its counterpart) are located on opposite sides of the axes of the
change valves, but within the circumferential lines of said valves. The
change valves are surrounded by steam space, although, when in position,
between parallel and closely fitting ground surfaces, steam can only pass
the peripheries thereof as at r, Figure 8, that portion of the valve being
of less thickness than the remainder thereof. The valve on each side of
the space is constructed with two solid sections by which the hub is
connected to the periphery. These sections being of the same thickness
as the larger portion of the periphery, prevent the direct steam from
entering the remaining interior portion of the change valve, and admits
of the use of the interior enclosed space s as a movable or changeable
connecting duct for the exhaust steam. As, for instance, if the valve I,
as shewn in Figure 8, should be placed on its seat in Figure 9, it would
Icave the several passages or ports on the left hand at n¹ open to receive
steam, and bring the passages or ports at n³ on the right hand by means
of the space 8 into communication with the port q and exhaust pipe G¹.
If it should then be turned half around the right hand passages and
ports would receive steam, and those on the left hand would, by the
space 8 in the same manner as before stated, be placed in communication
with the exhaust pipe.
As seen in Figure 6 the piston is at the end of its backward stroke,
and the forward end of the cylinder is yet full of steam. By the con-
tinued rotation of the crank, and the passage of its centres, the piston
will be rotated in a direction which would bring the upper side of the
piston, as shewn in section, towards the observer, and carry the lower
side from him. By this movement the forward exhaust piston valve
port m will be brought coincident with the exhaust port and passage in
the cylinder, as shewn in dotted lines above said valve port, and the
valve port, through which the larger part of the exhaust has just been
cffected, is brought into communication with the adjacent steam induc-
tion ports in the cylinder, and its forward movement commences.
Meantime by this rotation the piston valve port which is opposite the
port, and which communicates with the forward end of the cylinder,
will have been brought into communication with the exhaust cylinder
ports and passages, and be free to exhaust through the remainder of the
stroke, and this operation will continue as long as the change valve is
adjusted for that result.

page_text: If the change valve be turned, then the steam side of the piston is
converted into the exhaust side, and vice versa, whereby the engine will
be promptly run in the opposite direction.
It will be observed that the spaces in the change valve H, Figure 8,
occupies a large proportion of the enclosed interior, and that, although
the said valve may be so rotated as to thereby cut off one or all even of
the steam duct entrances, the space 8 as an exhaust passage will remain
intact.
Other kinds of valves may be employed, both as change valves and
cut-off valves, but those shewn are preferred on account of their sim-
plicity of construction, and the facility with which they can be fitted
and kept in proper order.
In Figures 10, 11, and 12 I have shewn the cylindrical guide or cross
head slide and a crank device whereby the required rotation of the
piston may be satisfactorily effected in connection with the use of a
connecting rod. In each of the Figures K denotes the cylindrical guide,
which can be readily and economically bored or turned out on a lathe or
boring mill to receive the cross head L and its slide M. The cross head
is hinged or pivoted to its slide on an axis which is at right angles to
the axis of the piston rod, and at opposite right angles thereto the con-
necting rod axes are so arranged that a universal joint is the result. The
crank head N is keyed to the crank shaft, and is provided with the
wrist pin & which is set at an angle of about 40°, as shewn in Figure 10.
The distance from the centre of this ball to the centre of the crank shaft
will be equal to one-half the length of the desired stroke. Fitted to the
wrist pin t is an enclosing sleeve u, the interior of which is turned out
to receive the ball, so that it will be held firmly on the pin longitudinally,
but be free to revolve thereon. On the exterior of the sleeve u are two
axes at right angles to the axis of the wrist pin for receiving the crank
end of the connecting rod O, the jaw of which for connection with the
cross head is set at right angles to the jaw for connection with the crank
head. In operation it will be seen the that sleeve u will reciprocally
rotate on the wrist pin, and the cross head will, in a corresponding
manner reciprocally rotate in the cylindrical guide and give to the
piston the required motion.
Sheet 4 of the Drawings relates to that class of pumping engine
generally called direct acting, which work without cranks or fly wheels,

page_text: two channelled pistons are so combined that the auxiliary piston causes
the main piston to make a partly rotating motion at each end of its
stroke, and thereby reversing the motion of said piston in its cylinder
while the main piston causes the auxiliary piston to make part of a
revolution around its longitudinal axis, and thus admitting steam on the
end auxiliary piston whenever the main piston is to be turned in the
main cylinder. The action of an engine so constructed is continuous,
and there is no point at which it is necessary to start the engine by other
means than the admission of steam through the feed pipe.
Figure 1, Sheet 4, represents the steam cylinders and pistons in
vertical sections through the longitudinal centre of the main cylinder.
Figure 2 represents the steam cylinders in vertical section through the
longitudinal axis of the auxiliary cylinder.
Figure 3 represents horizontal section through the longitudinal axis of
auxiliary cylinder.
Figure 4 represents the auxiliary piston and its ports viewed from one
end; A denotes the main cylinder. It is provided with two induction
ports K, K, which are connected by an annular channel with the feed
pipe K. It is also provided with 4 cduction ports n, n, n, n, similarly
connected with the exhaust pipe n¹. The piston D is provided with 4
straight channels t, t, tu, t, two of which, t and ", terminate at one
end of the piston, and the other two, t¹ and t¹¹ terminate at the other
end.
I denotes the auxiliary cylinder which is placed at right angles with
the main cylinder directly above it. This cylinder has 5 inlet ports
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, on one side communicating with the feed pipe 121, and 5
outlet ports m, m, m, m, m, communicating with the outlet pipe n¹. The
piston c is provided with 2 inlet channels o and o¹, and two outlet
channels o and o¹¹¹³, and also 2 channels oч and oч, to admit steam
to the exhausted side of the piston when it has made part of its longi-
tudinal motion to cushion it, and prevent knocking when running at
high speed. The piston D is provided with a projecting arm E loosely
fitted to the centre pin and held in an upright position in the opening
formed in the cylinder C and closed with a cover R. This arm or
projection is extended down, and is fitted in a longitudinal groove Son
the main piston. Another arm F is permanently fastened to the piston

page_text: C, and is fitted loosely in the opening of the arm E, and extends down
somewhat lower than E in such a manner that the projections q
and q
in the slot 8 will at the proper time strike the arm F, and thereby cause
the piston C to turn in the piston I. The operation of the machine is
as follows:-Steam is admitted through the steam pipe K, the piston D
is moved in the cylinder. When the piston D has nearly reached the
end of its stroke the shoulder q strikes the lever F, and the piston C is
in this manner turned around, and steam is admitted through one of the
channels, and the steam in the other end is allowed to escape through
the exhaust openings m, m, m. The small piston will now move to the
other end of the cylinder I, and while doing so the arm E turns the large
piston, and in this manner the inlet and outlet passages in the piston D
are changed and its motion is reversed. C is also provided with two
small steam passages o¹111 and o", which will admit steam to that side
of the cylinder which had been in communication with the exhaust ports
when C began its motion. These ports operate when C has nearly
completed its stroke, and the steam so admitted serves as an elastic
cushion to bring C to stand still without striking the cylinder heads. At
every end of the stroke of the piston this operation is repeated, and we
have thus a pumping engine that will start at any point when steam is
admitted without the use of a starting bar or other contrivances usually
employed for that purpose, while the flow of the water is almost
continuous as the recovering of main piston is produced almost instan-
taneously.
Sheets 5 and 6 of the Drawings relate to steam pumps and pumping
engines composed of two cylinders, the one for steam, the other for
water, whose pistons are connected by one piston rod, and are so
constructed and operated as to serve as valves for the admission and
exhaust of the steam and the admission and discharge of water, thus
O dispensing with all independent valve devices for that purpose or of one
steam cylinder and one plunger pump when the engine is to be used as
a motor and the pump as a feed pump for the boiler only.
To more particularly explain the Invention I refer to the Drawings
in which Figure 1, Sheet 5, is a perspective view of a steam or pumping
5 engine made in accordance with the Invention, Figure 2 is a longitudinal
horizontal section of the same through the axis of the cylinders and
crank shaft.

page_text: Figure 4, Sheet 6, is a perspective view of the steam and water pistons,
their connecting piston rod, and wrist pin removed from the cylinders.
Figure 5 is a transverse vertical section of cylinder and piston of steam 5
Figure 8 is a horizontal section of the crank shaft, fly wheel, wrist
pin, and part of the piston rod, shewing the piston rod at the end of its
stroke.
Figure 9 is a vertical section of the crank shaft, wrist pin, and piston
rod through the axis of the crank shaft shewing the piston rod and crank
in the middle of the stroke of the piston.
Figure 10 is a transverse vertical section of a pump barrel and
plunger, shewing the inlet and outlet ports in the barrel and the ports
in the plunger.
A is the steam cylinder; B is the water cylinder. Within each is a
piston C and D, being connected by a piston rod E, which passes through 2
suitable stuffing boxes in the inner cylinder heads. The construction of
the two pistons is substantially the same. Annular chambers for the
inlet and outlet openings are cast around each cylinder, and two ports are
put in cach. The cylinder A is provided with two inlet ports a, a¹, and
two outlet ports 6, 6, and the piston C is constructed with four 2
channels c, c, d, d, which will act as valves when the piston is operated,
and will regulate the admission and exhaust of the steam as may be
desired. The inlet ports a and a¹ are connected with each other and the
inlet pipe F by an annular opening G, shewn in sections, Figures 2
and 3, while the exhaust ports 6 and 6¹ are connected with each other 3
and with the exhaust pipe by an annular opening H. Both the inlet
and exhaust ports are placed exactly opposite each other for the
purpose of bringing the pressure of the steam on both sides of the piston,
and the exhaust port 6' is placed in the lowest part of the cylinder to
give a free discharge to the condensed water. The channels c and c¹ are 3

page_text: connected by holes with one end of the piston, while the channels d
and d¹ communicate with the other end. That part of the cylinder
which is in connection with the ports c and c¹, as shewn in Figure 5,
would receive steam through the ports a and a¹, while that port con-
nected with the channels d, d, would exhaust its steam and condensed
water through the exhaust ports b, b¹.
It will be seen that by giving the piston a rotary motion of one-fourth
of a turn the position of the channels will be such that the part of the
cylinder which, before the turning was done, received steam through the
inlet ports will now exhaust its steam, and that part of cylinder which
then exhausted is now in communication with inlet ports, and will
receive steam through the pipe F..
The channels in the steam piston are made in a curved form to cor-
respond with the movement of the piston, and the length and position
of these channels regulate the admission and escape of the steam.
In order to cut off the steam at three-quarters of the stroke of the
piston it is only necessary to reduce those parts of the channels which
act as inlet valves to the necessary length, and the same may be done
with those parts of the channels used as exhaust valves when it is
deemed desirable to cushion the steam at the end of the stroke when
high speed is wanted.
The arrangement of the ports in the water cylinder B is the same as in
the steam cylinder. The inlet ports f, f¹, are placed horizontal, and the
outlet ports k, k, vertical, for the purpose of passing the air out at the
highest point of the cylinder. To obtain the largest possible openings
the ports are made nearly one-cighth of the circumference of the water
cylinder, and the channels h, h¹, i, i, also almost the width of one-cighth
of the circumference of the piston.
In Figure 6 the water cylinder is shewn with the piston inside at the
end of its stroke. It will be seen that the inlet ports f, f¹, are closed,
while the outlet port % is in communication with both channels i and h¹,
and is in communication with i and h. Turning tho piston to the
right the connection between k, k¹, and h, h¹, is closed first, and
then and ¹ will pass over the inlet ports and f', and thus fill that
end of the cylinder with which they communicate, while the other end
will discharge its contents through the channels i, &, and the ports k

page_text: and ¹. Constructing the ports and channels in this manner no com-
pression of the water at the end of the stroke can take place, and an
easy reversal of the machine is ensured.
To compel the pistons to make the desired motion, and to enable me
to transfer a part or all the power developed by the steam cylinder either
upon the pump piston or the band wheel, and also to enable me by the
use of a fly wheel to cut off the steam at a part of the stroke and use the
expansion through the remaining portions of the stroke, the jointed
crank, shewn in Figure 2, is used. It is more distinctly seen in
Figures 7, 8 and 9. The crank is composed of a bearing formed at right
angles with the axis of the shaft, and the centre of this bearing is one-
fourth of the stroke from said axis. In this bearing the piece L is
hinged in such a manner that it can swing from a position at right
angles to the axis of the crank shaft toward the piston rod from thirty
to forty-five degrees, as occasion may require. The piece L and caps n
form the socket or bearing for the ball-shaped end of the wrist pin R.
The distance from the centre of this ball to the joint is also one-fourth of
the whole stroke. n¹ and n¹¹ are straps which form one-half of the
bearings of the cylindrical ends of piece L, and small set screws o, o¹,
are used to tighten the straps on the cylindrical part of L, and the bolt p
prevents any movement of L lengthwise in its bearings. The distance.
from the centre of the ball-shaped end of the wrist pin to the centre of
the piston rod, as shewn in the Drawing, gives the pistons in the two
cylinders one-fourth of a turn. When a longer wrist pin is used the
turning of the pistons would be less, while a shorter wrist pin would
make it more.
When a greater part of the power is to be used from the crank shaft
it may be advantageous to use a short wrist pin, so as to bring the strain
as near in line with the piston rod as possible.
Referring to Figures 8 and 9 it will be seen that the joint in the
crank will allow the bearing to follow the wrist pin through its stroke.
In Figure 8 the crank, wrist pin, piston rod, and fly wheel are shewn in
section at the end of the stroke; and in Figure 9 the crank, wrist pin,
and piston rod are shewn in a vertical section through the axis of the fly
wheel shaft at the middle of the stroke. The dotted lines shew the angle
of oscillation of the wrist pin during one double stroke, which is ninety
degrees. From the action of the jointed piece L it is obvious that the

page_text: crank shaft O would have a tendency to follow the wrist pin, and make
a motion lengthwise to the centre of its axis. To prevent this, and to
produce a means to take up any wear that may be caused by this ten-
dency between the fly wheel and the bearing, a screw thread is formed
apon the end of the shaft, and fitted two jam nuts on this thread, by
means of which the fly wheel, which serves as a collar and is fitted upon
stationary key, may be set up close to the bearing when required. To
ake up the wear on the wrist pin it is only necessary to tighten the
crews which hold the cap.

page_text: Instead of the ball-shaped wrist pin, a ball-shaped crank pin may be
put on the hinged piece, and an adjustable socket on the piston rod.
When a greater part of the power is to be used on the band wheel, it
may also be desirable to place the hinge of the hinged piece in the centre
of the crank shaft, or even on the opposite side of the crank centre, but
these modifications are only such as would be adapted for certain pur-
Instead of the ball-shaped wrist pm, a Dansmapou can
put on the hinged piece, and an adjustable socket on the piston rod.
When a greater part of the power is to be used on the band wheel, it
may also be desirable to place the hinge of the hinged piece in the centre
of the crank shaft, or even on the opposite side of the crank centre, but |
these modifications are only such as would be adapted for certain pur-
poses, and would not alter the character of the improvements.
Having thus described the Invention, I claim particularly as respects
Sheets 1, 2, and 3 of the Drawings,―
1st. In an engine having a piston which, by a reciprocal, longitudinal,
and rotative movement, controls the induction and eduction of steam
through ports and passages therein, two or more distinct and separate
induction cylinder ports on each side of the cylinder arranged side by
side in combination with a distinct and separate steam duct for each of
said ports, and a valve which is arranged to successively close the
entrances to said ducts at the steam chest or supply chamber, sub-
stantially as and for the purposes specified.
2nd. In a reciprocating engine having a piston which directly controls
the passage of steam to and from the cylinder the duplicate eduction
cylinder ports, the duplicate sets of induction cylinder ports, and an
independent steam duct in connection with each induction port, in com-
bination with a change valve arranged to close successively the several
independent steam ducts, and to connect at will with the exhaust
passages either the regular eduction cylinder ports or the regular
induction ports, substantially as described.
3rd. The longitudinally and rotatory reciprocating piston provided
with the central ports and passages communicating with opposite ends
thereof, and also provided with auxiliary exhaust ports adjacent to each
end, in combination with a cylinder having auxiliary exhaust ports and
centrally located induction and eduction ports and passages, they being
so arranged that the same central piston ports and passages will alter-
nately receive and exhaust steam through the proper cylinder ports,
substantially as and for the purposes specified.
4th. The tubular piston provided with the central partition and the
requisite valve ports in combination with piston- heads having inward

page_text: Particularly in respect to Sheets 5 and 6 of the Drawings I claim,-

page_text: 14th. The hinged crank in combination with the adjustable fly wheel,
piston rod, and its wrist pin, as and for the purpose described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of November,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
three.
GEO. T. BOUSFIELD. (L.B.)