IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY, TOOLS, AND TOOL HOLDERS FOR CUTTING OR DRESSING STONE, SLATE, Mar
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Andrew Dunlop, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, and William Rec, of Stonehouse, in the
same County, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY,
TOOLS, AND TOOL HOLDERS FOR CUTTING OR DRESSING STONE, SLATE, Marble,
Sealed the 28th January 1876, and dated the 27th November 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Andrew Dunlop and
William Rec at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 27th November 1875.
We, ANDREW DUNLOP, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, and WILLIAM REE, of Stonehouse, in the same County, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY, TOOLS, AND TOOL HOLDERS FOR CUITING OR DRESSING STONE,
SLATE, MARBLE, AND OTHER SIMILAR Substances,” to be as follows, that is
to say:-
This Invention, which relates to certain improvements in machinery,

page_text: tools, and tool holders to be used for cutting or dressing stone, slate,
marble, and other analogous substances, consists,—
Firstly. Of a planing or turning machine wherein either a single
roller or one or more rows of rollers are used. The rollers in each row
are caused to roll upon a fixed bar or frame by the action of a recipro-
cating bar or frame moving on their opposite side, each cutting roller
having arranged around one of its ends a series of tools of the kinds
already set forth by us the said Andrew Dunlop, and William Ree, and
William Stevenson, in the Specifications filed in pursuance of Letters
Patent, No. 3248, A.D. 1873, and by the said Andrew Dunlop and
William Ree, in the Specification filed in pursuance of Letters Patent,
No. 1890, A.D. 1875, or others analogous thereto.
In the second place, the improvements relate to a machine for
planing or moulding stone, slate, marble, and other analogous sub-
stances, wherein one or more rows of roughing tools fixed in a plane
are used, each succeeding row projecting further out than the one
placed in front of it, and behind these roughing tools there are situated
one, two, or more rows of scraping or finishing tools, the tools being
by preference inclined to the plane of motion. The tool-holding planes
may be either fixed, and the table which carries the stone being cut or
dressed moved over them, or the tool holding planes may be moveable,
and the stone carrying tables fixed so as to move in both cases longi-
tudinally. The tool holding planes are also so shaped that they may
cut or dress the face of a stone simultaneously with the facing or
moulding of one or more edges.
In the third place, the improvements relate to meaus for fixing stones
on the tables of stone cutting or dressing machines. This consists of au
arrangement of jointed levers, which being screwed or otherwise acted
upon with sufficient force at one point, cause any required number of
holding points or grippers to be firmly pressed into or against the stone
instead of using pinching screws or wedges, as at present, and by which
a considerable saving of time is effected.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Andrew Dunlop and William Ree in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 27th May 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ANDREW
3 DUNLOP, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, and
WILLIAM REE, of Stonehouse, in the same County, send greeting.
"
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of November, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in
) the 39th year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Andrew Dunlop and William Ree,
Her special license that we, the said Andrew Dunlop and William
Rec, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we,
the said Andrew Dunlop and William Ree, our executors, admini-
5 strators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY,
TOOLS, AND TOOL HOLDERS FOR CUTTING OR DRESSING STONE, SLATE, MARBLE,
AND OTHER SIMILAR Substances," upon the condition (amongst others) that
we, the said Andrew Dunlop and William Ree, by an instrument in
writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one
of us, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Andrew Dunlop and William
Rce, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had to
the accompanying Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon, that is to say :—
Our said Invention, which relates to certain improvements in

page_text: machinery, tools, and tool holders to be used for cutting or dressing
stone, slate, marble, and other analogous substances, consists,-
Firstly. Of a planing and turning machine wherein the cutting or
dressing action is performed by one or a series of rollers, which is or are
caused to roll or rotate against a fixed bar or frame by a reciprocating 5
bar or block acting upon it or them. Each cutting roller has a series
of tools arranged round its lower end.
And in order that this and other arrangements of machines for
cutting or dressing stone, as constructed in accordance with our said
Invention, may be properly understood, we now proceed more par- 1
ticularly to set forth the system, mode, or manner in or under which
the same are or may be used or practically carried into effect, reference
being had to the several Sheets of Drawings hereunto annexed, and to
the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :—
On Sheet 1 of the accompanying Drawings Figure 1 is a plan, and 1
Figure 2, a side elevation of the stone, slate, or marble planing or
turning machine arranged according to the first part of our said In-
vention; Figure 3 is an elevation of the end of the machine marked X
on Figures 1 and 2, whilst Figures 4 and 5 are respectively detailed
views of parts of the apparatus which are herein-after more particularly 2
referred to.
The mechanism consists, as shewn by Figures 1, 2, and. 3, of a bed
or sole plate A which carries a sliding or reciprocating table B whereon
the stone to be dressed or cut is placed and secured by clamps or other
suitable means. The table rests at each side upon grooved rollers Ca
which rotate in bearings in the bed or sole A, and at the part marked D,
or at other convenient part, the table is geared with two parallel screws
E supported on the bed or sole, as shewn at F, Figure 1. On the outer
end of each screw a bevil wheel G is fixed and geared with a corre-
sponding bevil pinion H secured on a cross shaft I, whercon a spur
wheel J is also fixed. A spur pinion K gears with the wheel J, and
on the same shaft with the pinion a driving step pulley or cone L is
placed, as shewn. On each side of the bed or sole A two vertical
standards M are fixed, the adjacent standards being secured or tied
together at their upper ends by cross heads or frames N, vertical
guides a are formed on or fixed to the standards M, and in these guides
sliding blocks 6 placed four at each side of the machine are situate.

page_text: A screw O supported at its lower end on the bed or sole A passes
through each sliding block b, and on the upper ends of the screws
bevil wheels c are fixed and geared with bevil pinions d placed ou
horizontal shafts e supported on the cross heads or frames N. A spur
wheel is fixed on each shaft e, and these are geared with a spur
pinion / carried on a pin or stud ion which a hand wheel ; is also
secured. All the sliding blocks 6 nearer the end X of the machine are
connected together by a horizontal bar or plater which may either be
secured to the blocks by bolts or otherwise, or have the blocks formed
on it. The sliding blocks b towards the end Y of the machine are
similarly connected together by another bar or plate k, and on the inner
side of each of these bars a groove is made, as seen at Figure 2, Sheet 1,
of the Drawings. Between the grooves a box frame m is situated so as
to accurately fit the groove, and at each side of the said frame a number
of rollers are placed vertically with their peripherics bearing against
the bars or plates k. The rollers are formed with journals at their upper
and lower ends which pass into and through openings made in the
frame m and retain the rollers in position. The rollers are simply
bearing rollers, but to the lower end of each roller o a number of cutting
tools are attached.
Figure 4 is a side clevation, and Figure 5 an inverted plan of one of
the rollers o, and as shewn thereon the said roller is formed with a
channel through A. A conical portion is made at the bottom of each
roller, and around the interior thereof a number of segmental tools. pare
placed so as to form a circle. These tools are so arranged that their
edges project beyond the lower end of the cone, and they are held in
position by a bolt passed up through the roller and secured by a nut r.
Instead of forming the tools segmental at their cutting edges, as
shewn on the Drawings, so that when placed together they form a circle,
they may be made flat or straight at the said edges, in which case the
bottom of the roller is so constructed that when the tools are placed
therein they will form a hexagonal, octagonal, or other suitably sided
figure.
Between the rollers n and o a block R of metal is so placed as to bear
upon their peripheries, and hold the rollers in frictional contact with the
bars or plates . To one end of the block R a link S is coupled, the
said link being also connected to one extremity of a lever T, which is

page_text: centred on a bracket S¹ secured to or formed on the side of one sliding
block b. The other end of the lever T works in a slot formed in a
vertical beam U, which is supported on the frame U¹, and is attached at
its lower end to a link V coupled to a crank disc V¹ situate on a shaft 8,
which is geared with the cross shaft I by means of the bevil wheels t.
The frames and roller frame m are preferably so constructed and
arranged relatively with cach other as to have the roller frame m slightly
higher at the bearing roller sido than at the cutting roller side, in order
that such parts of the cutters as are not in action may be kept clear of
the surface of the stone.
In commencing to operate with the planing machine now under
reference, the sliding blocks and bars or plates k carrying the frame m
wherein the cutting tools are supported is adjusted upwards or down-
wards according to the thickness of the stone carried on the table B;
this is effected by turning in the required direction the hand whcel j,
which through the intervention of the spur and bevil wheels and pinions
herein-before referred to rotates the screws o, whereon the sliding
blocks 6 are carried, thereby raising or lowering the said blocks, and
with them the frame m. When the tools have been so adjusted in
position the table B, which had previously performed a stroke or reci-
procation towards X, is moved towards the end Y of the machine by
the simultaneous rotation of the screws E, whereby the stone carried on
the table is brought into contact with the tools held in the rollers o, and
is thereby cut, planed, or dressed. At the same time that the table is
moving towards Y the rollers and o are rotated by the reciprocation of
the block R; this is accomplished by the bevil wheels rotating the
shaft 8, whereon the crank disc V' is fixed. Through the link or con-
necting rod V the said disc communicates reciprocating or sliding motion
to the vertical beam U, in the slotted upper end of which the lever T is
carried, so that by this means the lever is moved through an arc on its
centre or axis, and is thereby caused to reciprocate the frame R.
In rotating the rollers o, carrying the cutting tools by frictional
contact, as herein-before described, the advantage pertains that the
rubbing friction which would be caused by spindles turning in sockets
or blocks is avoided, and also that every part of the working edge of
each tool is brought into cutting operation equally and in rotation,
thereby preventing undue heating and wear of any one part of the tool,
and thus a saving in tools is effected.

page_text: By using a number of small cheap tools around the conical or other
shaped end of the rollers o a further saving in tools is effected as com-
pared with the employment of a single circular disc or other shaped
tool.
The planing machine herein-before described is single-acting, that is,
it acts only towards the end Y, but it may be constructed to act towards
both ends of the machine by providing both sets of rollers with cutting
tools around their lower ends, and by making the frames k and m, or one
of them, and the block R capable of being slightly tilted or canted
from the level position towards either side, so as to keep the cutting
tools in one row of rollers out of contact with the stone, whilst the tools
in the other row are in action.
Besides being applicable for planing a flat or superficial surface upon
stone, slate, marble, or other similar substances as herein-before
described, the machine illustrated on Sheet 1 of the Drawings may also
be used for turning, cutting, or dressing a circular or curved surface,
such for example as stone, slate, or marble, circular or curved columns
or pillars. For this purpose the machine is provided with two heads W,
analogous in construction to the heads of a turning lathe, and between
which the column or pillar is held with its longitudinal axis parallel to
the length of the frame m. The heads W are mounted upon a screw u,
by rotating which the column or pillar is traversed backwards and
forwards under and in contact with the cutting tools.
When the machine is being used as herein last set forth the roller
frame m and sliding or reciprocating block R shewn on the Drawings
are removed and replaced by a frame of about half the breadth shewn,
and in which the rollers n and o are of smaller diameter.
A smaller or narrower reciprocating block R is also used, and an
additional piece of metal is bolted or otherwise fixed to the side of the
bar or plate k, against which the tool carrying rollers o bear in order to
bring the sides of the said rollers nearly perpendicular to the longi-
tudinal axis or centre of the column to be turned or cut. The lever T
is also lengthened or shortened as required to suit this arrangement.
The planing and turning mechanism herein-before described, that is
to say, the reciprocating table B and the heads W may be combined in
one machine, or such apparatus may be separately combined with the

page_text: other details of mechanism shewn on Sheet 1 of the Drawings, so as to
constitute two machines independent of each other.
When used for turning the cutting apparatus may act only in one
direction, or if desired it may be made to operate on both the forward
and backward strokes of the heads W by stopping the machine at the
termination of each stroke, and turning the column or pillar round the
required distance by means of the tangent screw and worm wheel w
operated by power or by hand.
Instead of providing the machine with a row of cutting tools as
herein-before described and shewn on the Drawings a single roller only 1
with cutting tools may if desired be employed, in which case a single
bearing roller n is also used.
Under another arrangement of the stone cutting or dressing machine
constructed in accordance with our said Invention, and illustrated in
side elevation at Figure 1, in plan at Figure 2, and in elevation of the 1
end marked X, Figures 1 and 2, at Figure 3, Sheet 2, of the Drawings,
the cutting or dressing action, instead of being performed by one or
more rotating tools as herein-before described, is effected by a series of
tools held in a tool holder A, which is mounted on a shaft B carried in
heads or bearings C capable of sliding vertically in guides D formed on:
or fixed to the vertical standards E at each side of the machine.
The heads or bearings O are raised and lowered by vertical screws F,
which are supported on the bed or sole plate G, and pass through blocks
or nuts a formed on or fixed to the heads or bearings C. Bevil wheels b
at the upper ends of the screws F gear with bevil pinions c on a :
horizontal shaft H, which when it is desired to raise or lower the
shaft B and tool holder A is rotated by the hand wheel d.
Figure 4, Sheet 2, is a side elevation, and Figure 5 an end elevation
of the tool holder, and as shewn on the Drawings the said holder is
made rectangular, and formed with a series of grooves or slots e across;
each of its faces or sides. These slots are preferably tapered towards
one end, and are inclined at an anglo relatively with the plane of motion
of the table I on which the stone rests.
The slots or grooves e on each side or face of the holder may extend
entirely across such sides, but as shewn at Figure 5, Sheet 2, it is g
preferred to close the said slots or grooves at one end. In the slots or

page_text: anwup gatto IIPES. UN MUCHINGY, 2005, gu, for vanny stone, gʊ.
grooves e smaller tool holders carrying the cutting tools at their outer
ends are placed and held in position by the sliding plate f, Figures 5
and 6, which is formed with projections 9 corresponding in number to
the number of the slots e. The holes, through which the pins h attaching
.the plates f to the end faces of the holder A pass, are slotted, as shewn
.on the Drawings, to permit of the projections 9 being moved to one side
when it is desired to remove tool holders from the slots e. The shaft B
whereon the holder A is situated is made hollow, as shewn at Figure 4,
and a screwed spindle or shaft i passes through the interior thereof.
The holder A is attached to the said spindle or shaft by an arm or
bracket j, in the eye of which a screw thread is made corresponding to
the thread on the spindle. The opening in the shaft B, through which
the arm or bracket j passes, is slotted or extended along the shaft, and .
by means of this arrangement the holder A carrying the cutting tools
may be shifted along the shaft B, so as to operate on the stone at any
desired position throughout its breadth. The sliding of the tool holder
'is effected by the attendant rotating the spur wheel 2, which gears
with a corresponding spur wheel on one end of the spindle or
shaft i.
>. Besides its sliding or sideward motion the holder A also partakes of a
rotatory motion along with the shaft B. This motion is intermittent
and is effected by moving the shaft through a quarter of a revolution at
or about the termination of each forward and backward stroke of the
table I, that is to say, after the stone carried on the table has passed
from under the cutting tools. To accomplish this a spur wheel n is
fixed at one end of the shaft B, and geared with a corresponding spur
wheel o centred on a pin or stud carried in a bearing fixed to the under
side of one sliding head C. On the wheel o four broad flanches or
palms p are made, each extending from the rim to the centre of the
wheel. Two of these flanches or palms are placed on one side of the
wheel, and two on the other side in the position shewn by the detailed
view Figure 7, Sheet 2, of the Drawings. At each end of the table and
opposite the flanches or palms p, horizontal rods or strikers q, q', are
carried in brackets r. The striker q' acts at one side below the centre of
the wheel, and the striker q at the other side above the centre. By
means of this arrangement when the table I is near the completion of
its stroke towards ✗, the striker or rod q' comes in contact with the
flanch or palm p opposite to it, and acting thereon moves the wheel o

page_text: through a quarter of a revolution in the direction of the arrow, Figure 7,
This has the effect of also turning the shaft B and tool holder A through
a similar portion of a revolution, and at the same time of raising the
flanch or palm p³, shewn dotted at Figure 7 into the position of the
palm or flanch marked p², in which position it is acted upon by the rod
or striker q, when the table I has nearly completed its stroke towards Y.
The shaft B is thus again turned in the sanic direction of rotation
through another quarter of a revolution, thereby bringing another
tool carrying face of the holder A into position to operate on the stone,
when the table again begins to move towards X. The same series of:
operations goes on continuously as regards the holder A throughout the
entire cutting or dressing of the stone, the holder when one part of the
stone has been sufficiently cut or dressed being moved along the shaft B,
so as to operate on a new breadth of stone by means of the apparatus
hercin-before described.
]
To prevent the shaft B and tool holder A from turning round whilst
the tools are operating on the stone a disc J is fixed on the said shaft,
and formed with a number of holes & in one face thereof, into one of
which the point of a vertical lever K enters. The lever is centred on a
pin fixed in brackets L formed on one of the sliding heads or bearings C, 1
as seen more particularly at Figure 3, and the lower end of the said
lever which is made telescopic or capable of sliding into the upper
part enters a channel or groove M made on the table I, and which
curves inwards at each end, as shewn at Figure 2, Sheet 2, of the
Drawings. By this means whilst the stone is passing under the cutting
or dressing tools the point of the lever K is held in one of the holes &
of the disc J by the vertical sides of the channel or groove M acting
on the lower end of the lever, but when the stone has passed from
under the tools the curved portion at one or other end of the channel
or groove coming into operation on the lower end of the lever K draws 3
the point of the said lever out of the holo s, and thereby leaves the shaft
B free to be turned by the apparatus herein-before described.
In lieu of the lever K and groove M any other equivalent or suitable
arrangement of mechanism may be employed for the purpose set forth.
The culting tools held in the tool holder A may either be all of one class, 3
that is to say, they may either all be "roughing" tools, or they may all
be finishing or dressing tools. An efficient and preferable arrangement

page_text: however is to place roughing and finishing tools on alternate faces round
the holder A, and with this arrangement the stone is traversed in ono
direction under and submitted to the action of the roughing tools, after
which it is reversed and the part so acted upon is submitted to the
action of the finishing or dressing tools, the holder having been turned
through a quarter of a revolution in the interval between such actions.
The block of stone, slate, marble, or other similar substance to be
operated upon is held in position on the table I between the heads
N, N', which are capable of adjustment longitudinally in the grooves or
slots. The strikers or rods q, q', are also capable of being adjusted
vertically and horizontally by the means shewn on Figure 7, Sheet 2 of
the Drawings.
The machine herein-last described is double acting, and it may be
employed either as a planing machine for flat or superficial work or as
a turning machine for cutting, or dressing, or fluting columns, or pillars,
or other circular or curved surfaces. When employed for the latter
purpose the stone is turned round at the required intervals by operating
the head N' through the tangent screw 14, and worm wheel v, and which
may be accomplished either by the attendant personally or by machine
power applied to the tangent screw u.
Instead of forming the holder A with four sides, as herein-before
described and shewn on the Drawings, it may be made triangular or
with any other suitable number of sides, the turning mechanism being
corresponding modified. Two or other suitable number of the holders A
may be situate on the shaft B instead of one such holder as shewn on
the Drawings.
On Sheet 3 of the appended Drawings Figure 1 is a side elevation,
Figure 2 a plan, and Figure 3 an elevation at the end marked X, Figures
1 and 2, of another arrangement of stone cutting or dressing machine
constructed in accordance with our said Invention. As shewn by these
Figures the mechanism consists of a vertical frame composed of four
pillars A which rest upon and are secured at their lower ends to the bed
or sole plate B; at their upper ends the pillars are tied together by
girders or frames C; the two pillars at each side of the machine pass
through a sliding frame D, which is tied or secured to the frame at the
other side of the machine by cross bars or stays E; screws F pass
through blocks G on each frame D, and by operating the said screws

page_text: as herein-before described with reference to Sheets 1 and 2 of the
Drawings, the frames are simultaneously raised or lowered as desired;
a shaft H is supported in the frames D, and on it tool holders or
planes I are placed, the form of these in side and end elevation being
more particularly seen by the enlarged detailed views Figures 5 and 6,
Sheet 3. Each holder or plane I is made with two holding faces
wherein slots or grooves a are formed, as herein-before described, and in
such slots or grooves smaller holders b carrying the cutting tools at their
outer ends are fixed, these being retained in position by sliding plates,
one of which is shewn at c, Figure 5, Sheet 3. The machine is double
acting, the faces of the planes I holding the tools being brought into
operation alternately by means of the apparatus, more particularly seen
at Figure 1, and which consists of a rod or bar d on the upper end
whereof an eye e, Figure 2, is made, through which the shaft H passes.
The lower part of the rod is telescopic or capable of sliding into and out
from the upper part, and on the said upper part two bent arms ƒ are
formed, between which a rod or bar g extends, as shewn. A weight h is
placed loosely on the said rod or bar. Opposite the lower end of the
rod or bar d brackets or projections i are attached to the table J, the
distance between them being regulated by the length of the stone being
cut or dressed or by the length of surface on the stone which it is
desired to operate upon. By this arrangement when the tablo J carrying
the stone has nearly reached the limit of its travel in any direction one
of the brackets or projections i strikes against the lower end of the rod
or bar d and moves the said bar or rod through an arc. This has the
effect of rocking or partially rotating the shaft H and plane or holder I,
whereby the tool carrying face of the plane which had previously been
raised or out of action is lowered into position for the tools held therein
to operate on the stone when the motion of the table is reversed. The
weight by sliding down the barg towards the side of the plane or
holder I thus lowered maintains the holder in the required position.
In this machine the table J on which the stone is secured between
the heads or brackets K is moved backwards and forwards by means of
spur or tooth wheels L gearing with racks fixed on the under side of
the table; but in lieu of such an arrangement screws may be employed
to traverse the table, as shewn on Sheets 1 and 2 of the Drawings. The
heads or brackets K are or may be adjustable longitudinally in slots
formed in the table J.

page_text: With the arrangement of plane or holder I an uneven surface may
be formed on the stone, that is to say, a portion of the surface may be
planed or cut flat and a portion rounded outwards or inwards by
disposing the tools in the manner shewn at Figure 3, or in any other
manner corresponding to the contour of the surface which it is desired
to produce.
With the plane or holder shewn in side elevation at Figure 7, and in
end elevation at Figure 8, Sheet 3 of the Drawings, and which is equally
applicable for employment on the shaft H of the machine now under
reference, two sides of the stone may be cut or dressed at one operation,
and by placing a suitably shaped tool or series of tools at the part
marked L, Figure 8, a rounded or other shaped edge may be formed
between the two sides cut or dressed. This arrangement of plane is
specially applicable for employment in planing the top and fronts of
stone, slate, marble, or other steps at one operation, and when it is used
the rod d, herein-before referred to, is dispensed with. Besides being
supported on the shaft H the holder last described is also supported on
the bars E when placed in the machine. A holder arranged to cut or
plane one or three sides of the stone may also be used.
Another arrangement of stone cutting or dressing machine con-
structed in accordance with our said Invention is illustrated in plan at
Figure 1, in side elevation at Figure 2, and in elevation of the driving
end at Figure 3, Sheet 4 of the Drawings hereunto appended. In this
machine the cutting or dressing action is effected by a travelling chain
or band A, on some of the links of which tools or cutters are fixed; the
table B carrying the stone is stationary instead of as in the herein-before
described arrangements moving backwards and forwards under tools,
which when in operation are stationary in position.
The chain or band A. is passed round two drums C fixed on vertical
shafts D, supported on the sole or bed plate E, and on the axis of one
of these.drums a bevil wheel F is fixed and geared with a bevil pinion G
placed on the same shaft or axis, with a spur wheel I which gears with
a spur pinion J on the driving shaft K. The links of the chain or
band A are formed with lugs or projections at both ends through which
5 bolts pass, thereby securing the several links together. On some of the
links, brackets, or projections a are made at their central parts, as
more particularly seen in plan at Figure 4, and in side elevation at

page_text: Figure 5, Sheet 4; and between these brackets projections or lugs b,
formed on the inner ends of tool holders c enter the holder, being secured
in position by a bolt passed through the brackets a and lugs b.
It is preferred that the part of the holder carrying the tools should
be inclined at an angle relatively with the plane of motion of the chain
or band A. At the front side of the sole or bed plate E the chain or
band A may either bear against a series of antifriction rollers d, which
are supported in brackets fixed to the sole plate, as seen at the right-
hand side of Figure 1, or the said chain or band may pass through a
guide e, bolted to the sole plate as indicated at the left-hand side of
Figure 1.
Figures 6 and 7, Sheet 4, are respectively a front and side elevation
of one of the rollers d, and of the brackets in which it is supported;
and Figures 8 and 9 are respectively similar views of the guide e. At
the back of the sole or bed plate E the chain or band passes in contact
with a stenting pulley L, which is supported in a bracket carried in
guides M, and operated so as to exert the necessary amount of tension
on the chain or band by the hand wheel and screw g. The table B,
whereon the stone is carried, is mounted upon rollers h, and it is guided
in moving backwards and forwards by the guide rods N, which pass
through lugs projecting from the under side of the table. The motion
of the table towards or from the chain or hand A is effected by
screws O passed through nuts i, attached to or formed on its under side.
On the outer ends of the screws bevil wheels j are fixed and geared by
pinions to a shaft 7, by turning which through the hand wheels m
the table is moved in the desired direction. The stone to be operated
on is held in position against the head or bracket n by the pinching
screws o, the brackets carrying which, and also the head or bracket n,
are adjustable in slots p made in the table B.
With this arrangement of machine various forms of tools may be a
employed, and these are disposed in the tool holders attached to the tool
carrying links of the chain A, according to the nature of the work
which it is desired to perform with the machine.
Figures 10, 11, 12, and 13, Sheet 4, illustrate different arrangements
of tool holders which may be used. Figure 10 is a tool holder adapted 3
for roughing purposes, that is to say, for removing inequalities from the
surface of the stone, and wherein the tool illustrated at Figures 14, 15,

page_text: and 16, or an equally suitable tool is employed. Figure 17 is a plan of
the holder shewn at Figure 10; Figures 11 and 12 represent two tool
holders adapted for employment in the chain when used for cutting or
dressing steps, or other similar moulded surfaces, the tools in the holder,
Figure 11, being used for roughing and those in the holder, Figure 12,
for finishing the face of the step. Figure 19 is a plan of the roughing
tool; Figures 20, 21, 22, and 23, being views respectively of the
finishing tools. The tools in the holder, Figure 13, are arranged for the
purpose of roughing cope stones, a correspondingly shaped plain tool
built up of two or more segments, being used for scraping or finishing
such stones. Figure 24 is a detailed view of the roughing tool shewn
in connection with the chain or band A.
Under another arrangement of the cutting apparatus illustrated in
part plan at Figure 25, and in part transverse section at Figure 26,
Sheet 4, of the Drawings, a travelling girder or frame A is employed
instead of the chain or band. The said girder or frame is traversed by
means of a spur wheel B gearing with a rack O fixed to the under side
thereof, and it is supported upon rollers D. Guide rollers E are centred
in brackets attached to the back of the girder or frame A as shewn, and
the frame is further steadied or guided by a projection a thercon, which
enters under the rail b. A tool holding plane H is attached to the
front of the girder A, in which any of the tools and tool holders herein-
before described may be employed. When so used the lugs or pro-
jections herein-before specified as being formed on the inner ends of the
holders are dispensed with, and a V shaped projection formed on them
in lieu thereof as indicated in dotted lines at Figures 10, 11, 12, and 13,
which V shaped projection also adapts these tool holders for employment
in the planes of either of the machines herein-before described and
shewn on Sheets 2 and 3 of the appended Drawings.
Figure 27, Sheet 4, is a transverse section of the V shaped projection.
In lieu of the spur wheel O, and rack C, a screw may be used to
traverse the girder or frame A.
In the machine illustrated on Sheet 3 of the Drawings, besides in
that shewn on Sheet 4, one or more rows of roughing tools fixed in the
plane are first employed in commencing to cut or dress a block of stone,
slate, marble, or other substance, and each succeeding row of such tools
is or may be made to project further out then the one in front of it.

page_text: The roughing tools are followed by one or more rows of finishing tools or
the plane may be entirely filled with holders carrying roughing tools,
which after performing their functions on the stone are removed and
replaced by holders carrying finishing tools.
In cutting or dressing slate by means of any of the machines shewn
on Sheets 2, 3, and 4, of the Drawing, the tool holders are in all cases
laid at an angle to the plane of motion, and the tools are arranged in the
said holders at an angle relatively with them. This arrangement it is
also preferred to adopt in cutting or dressing stone, marble, or other
substances, but it is to be understood that we do not confine ourselves
to such arrangement for these purposes, nor do we confine ourselves to
arrange or construct the several machines precisely as herein-before set
forth and shewn on the Drawings, as the same may be considerably
modified without departing from the essential features of our said
Invention, as for example, instead of placing the cutting or dressing |
planes shewn on Sheets 2 and 3 of the Drawings vertically over the
table carrying the stone, they may be placed at one side of the said
table, or they may be inclined at any suitable angle relatively therewith,
and in lieu of arranging the cutting chain or band at the side of the
tablo in the machine shewn on Sheet 4 of the Drawings, it may be
placed above, and so as to work vertically or at an angle downwards on
the stone carried on the table.
Our said Invention further relates to improved means or apparatus
for fixing or holding stones on the tables of stone cutting or dressing
machines, and which apparatus consists of an arrangement of jointed
levers or beams screwed at one part, and at another part provided with
any required number of holding points or grippers which are firmly
pressed into or against the stone.
On Sheet 5 of the appended Drawings, Figure 1 is a plan of the table
of a stone cutting or dressing machine, with one arrangement of the
jointed levers or beams illustrated thereon; Figure 2 is a detailed view
of the lever or beam and apparatus in connexion therewith, and as
shewn thereon; the vertical part a of the lever or beam is formed with a
screw thread on it which gears with a corresponding thread made in the
collar or bearing b, the flanch on the upper end of which rests on the 3
table c.
A bevil pinion d is fixed on the lower end of the collar or
bearing, and geared with a corresponding pinion e, on the axis of which

page_text: a handle, hand wheel, or crank is fixed or formed. In the upper part of
the portion a of each lever or beam a cross piece f is centred on a pin
or stud as shewn, and at the extremities of these cross pieces gripping
points or projections 9 are formed. The parts ƒ may either be made
with one gripping point at each end, as shewn at Figure 1, or they may
be made with cross arms, and provided with two or more of such points,
as shewn in plan at h, Figure 3; Figure 4 is a transverse section of the
lever or beam shewn at Figure 3.
In adapting either of the arrangements of levers or beams described
to the tables of stone cutting or dressing machines, one of the levers
preferably that marked X may be stationary on the table as regards
vertical motion, the screw on the lower part of such lever or beam
being dispensed with, the other levers being provided with the raising
and lowering apparatus, shewn at Figure 2, by adjusting which as
required the surface of the of the stone is brought to, and by the
gripping points g retained at a level or inclined position, and is therein
acted upon by the cutting or dressing tools.
Instead of three, as shewn on the Drawings, any other suitable
number of the jointed levers may be employed on the tables of stone
cutting or dressing machines, and in conjunction with the said levers
one or more shifting or adjustable brackets may be used at one or both
ends of the table, as shewn at k, Figure 1. In the upper part of the
bracket a pinching screw is carried, and by the handle m brought to
bear against the end of the stone, as indicated by the dotted lines.
By means of this apparatus the wedges hitherto used for fixing the
stone on the table of the machine is obviated, and a considerable saving
of time is thereby effected.
Figure 5, Sheet 5, illustrates in vertical section the adaptation of the
improvements, shewn by Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, to the boxes or frames
of a stone polishing machine, the jointed levers being marked a, and
the pinching screws b. One side of the box or frame is provided with
a screw c and hand wheel or nut d, by operating which when it is
desired to open the box the half marked A. is drawn backwards against
the action of the springs e, one of which is provided at each corner of
the box or frame. The same or a similar combination of levers with
pinching screws may be applied to horizontal stone polishing machines,
in which case the springs e may be dispensed with.

page_text: Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our
said Invention, and the system, mode, or manner in or under which
the is or may be used, or under several arrangements practically
carried into effect, we would observe in conclusion and with regard to
the cutting or dressing tools illustrated on Sheet 4 of the Drawings that
we are aware that these or similar tools have heretofore been used with
other arrangements of stone cutting or dressing machines, several of
such tools being described in the Specification filed in pursuance of
Letters Patent granted to us the said Andrew Dunlop and William Ree,
No. 1890, A.D. 1875. It is therefore to be understood that we do not
claim the tools referred to as forming part of our present Invention, but
what we do consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the
Invention secured to us by the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent is,-
First: The general arrangement and construction of machine for
planing or turning stone, slate, marble, or other similar material, sub-
stantially as herein-before described with reference to Sheet 1 of the
appended Drawings, whether constructed as a combined planing and
turning machine, or as separate machines, wherein planing and turning
operations are effected in the manner set forth.
Second. Cutting or dressing stone, slate, marble, or other similar
substances, by means of one or more tools held in the ends of rollers
which are rotated by the friction thereon of a sliding block substantially
as herein-before described with reference to Sheet 1 of the Drawings.
Third. The circular conical tool composed of segments as herein-
before described, and shown in enlarged detail at Figures 4 and 5,
Sheet 1 of the Drawings, and the modification thereof, wherein the
cutting edge of each segment is made straight, so as to constitute a tool
hexagonal, octagonal, or with other desired number of sides as herein-
before set forth.
Fourth. The general arrangement and combination of apparatus
constituting the machine herein-before described, and shewn on Sheet 2
of the Drawings, for planing or turning stone, slate, marble, and similar
substances, or any mere modification thereof, whether constructed as a
combined planing and turning machine, or as separate machines
wherein planing and turning operations are performed by a tool holder
or plane, which is capable of being rotated with its shaft, and of

page_text: being moved upon such shaft substantially as and for the purposes set
forth.
Fifth. The tool holding plane A constructed with slots or grooves in
the faces thereof, substantially as and for the purpose described with
reference to Figures 4 and 5, Sheet 2 of the Drawings.
Sixth. The combination of apparatus whereby the cutting faces of the
tool holder or plane A are successively turned round at the termination
of each backward and forward movement of the table, and the
mechanism by which the tool holder or plane A is held stationary whilst
the stone is passing under it, substantially as herein-before described
and shewn at Figures 1, 2, 3, and 7, Sheet 2 of the Drawings.
Seventh. The general arrangement and construction of machine for
planing stone, slate, marble, and other similar substances, as herein-
before described with reference to Sheet 3 of the Drawings.
Eighth. The tool holder or plane I and apparatus in connexion there-
with, whereby the cutting faces of the plane are brought into operation
alternately, as herein-before described and shewn on Sheet 3 of the
appended Drawings.
Ninth. The tool holder or plane illustrated at Figures 7 and 8, Sheet 3
of the Drawings, or any mere modification thereof, whereby a plain or
moulded surface may be cut or dressed on one, two, or three sides of a
stone simultaneously, as herein-before described.
Tenth. The general arrangement and construction of machine
illustrated at Figures 1, 2, and 3, Sheet 4 of the Drawings, and the
employment thereof in planing and moulding stone, slate, marble, and
other similar substances, substantially as herein-before set forth or any
mere modification of such machine.
Eleventh. A chain or band with tools attached thereto operated
substantially in the manner set forth in a machine for planing and
moulding stone, slate, marble, and other similar substances.
Twelfth. The arrangement and construction of stone, slate, or marble,.
cutting or dressing machine, wherein the cutting or dressing action is
performed by tools held in a plane attached to or formed on the side of
a girder or frame operated by a rack or screw as herein-before described
with reference to Figures 25 and 26, Sheet 4 of the Drawings.

page_text: Thirteenth. The several arrangements of tool: holders herein-before
described, and shewn at Figures 4, 5, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 17, Sheet 4 of
the Drawings, or any mero modification of such tool holders.
Fourteenth. The jointed levers or beams herein-before described, and
shewn on Sheet 5 of the Drawings, and the employment thereof in 5
conjunction with the tables of stone cutting or dressing machines, and
with the boxes or frames of machines for polishing stone, slate, marble,
or other similar substances, as herein-before set forth.
Fifteenth. The mode of controlling the stone holding box or frame
by screwing or unscrewing at one point, and by means of spiral or 10
equivalent springs, the same being applicable whether the stone holding
boxes or frames are placed vertically or horizontally, in which latter
case the springs may be dispensed with as herein-before described with
reference to Figure 5, Sheet 5 of the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Andrew Dunlop on behalf of 1
myself and the said William Rec, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of May, One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-six.