Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Feb., 1887
Complete Left, 21st Nov., 1887
Complete Accepted, 23rd Dec., 1887
I, JOHN R. WHITNEY, Callowhill above Sixteenth Streets, Philadelphia, U.S. Car
Wheel Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention consists in the hereinafter described improvements in chills adapted
to be used in casting railway carriage or wagon wheels and other chilled castings,
whereby I am enabled to proportion the thickness of the chilling surface, to the mass
of metal to be chilled, and at the same time to maintain its uniform density with more
ease and certainty and with less expense than heretofore.
It is well known by all familiar with the art that the depth of chill in a casting is
very much influenced by the thickness of the chilling surface, a thick chilling surface
Thus if
or body producing in the same iron a much deeper chill than a thin one.
chills of the ordinary form are used in casting light wheels, with thin treads, for
mining purposes and for city railways, they often chill them too deeply, and they are
consequently liable to break; the chill used, is itself, if strong enough for the service
required of it, (being from 1 to 2 inches in section,) too thick. For some purposes
it is desirable that the chilling surface shonld not be more than one-fourth of an inch
in thickness. By my improvement I am enabled to easily and economically produce
a chill accurately proportioned to the depth of chilling effect required in the
casting.
My improvement consists in making the chill hollow, in the form of a ring, with
one or more annular chambers without any obstruction or division across them, so that
the same are unbroken throughout the entire circumference.
This hollow ring may be made in one continuous casting properly cored out or it
may consist of separate upper and lower circular plates or rings properly secured to
an inner ring forming the chilling surface, and an outer supporting ring, or a series
of posts may be similarly secured between the plates.
When the chill is made in one casting, cored out, the holes made in the upper and
lower plates by the legs which supported the cores, may be left open, or, if desired,
they may be closed up by plugs of any suitable metal. I prefer, however, to support

page_text: the cores by extending them through the outer ring so as to form anchoring legs
bedded in the surrounding sand of the mould. The chill when cast in this manner
will have at intervals openings in the outer ring, and the upper and lower plates will
be connected with each other by a series of columns or posts. The outer ring,
whether unbroken, or thus divided into a series of columns connecting the upper and
lower plates, may be either vertical or placed at any angle to the upper and lower
plates desired.
A series of openings in the upper and lower plates may be used in connection with
those in the outer ring, or either may be used without the other, or all may be
dispensed with entirely if so desired, without detracting at all from the value of the
chill.
If desired there may be interposed between the upper and lower plates one or more
horizontal, or vertical webs to give increased strength when necessary.
If preferred, these webs may be placed at any desired angle instead of being
horizontal or parallel with the upper and lower plates, or they may be placed vertically
so as to connect the upper and lower plates. In either case such web or webs divide
the hollow chill into two or more uninterrupted annular chambers, and give it increased
strength and stiffness. It is manifest also that increased strength and stiffness may,
if preferred, be secured by extending the outer ring or its equivalent, above and
below the upper and lower plates.
It will be readily understood that by thus making the chill in the form of a hollow
ring with one or more annular chambers any desired thickness of the chilling surface
may be easily and cheaply obtained. When the chill is cast in one piece, this result
is secured by simply varying the size of the annular core or cores. At the same time,
the chill being in the form of a continuous hollow ring, is very much lighter than if
solid;
the uniform density of all its parts is easily maintained and it is also less liable
to warp. In making such a chill it may have the usual lugs and trunnions if desired,
but I prefer to make it without either, thus securing more uniform expansion and
contraction of its parts when in use.
To increase the efficiency of my improved chill, the chilling surface or inner ring
should be divided into sections or segments. The dividing slits may be extended into
the upper and lower plates as far as may be desired. When openings in the upper
or lower plates are desired, the slits may terminate in them.
I am aware that hollow chills have heretofore been made so as to introduce water
or steam into the hollow chamber to control the expansion and contraction. But in
all such chills it is absolutely necessary to have at least one permanent inlet and one
permanent outlet opening for the ingress and egress of the water or steam, with a
partition across the annular chamber to direct and control the flow. In my improved
form of chill, however, no such agents as water or steam are used, and it may have
therefore any number of holes in the upper and lower plates, and outer ring, that may
be desired, or be entirely without them.
Dated thie 23rd do of Fabr 1997
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London,
Applicant's Agent.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Chills to be Used in the Casting of Metals.
I, JOHN R. WHITNEY of Callowhill above Sixteenth Street, Philadelphia United
States of America, Car Wheel Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention consists in the hereinafter described improvements in chills adapted
to be used in casting railway carriage or wagon wheels and other chilled castings,
whereby I am enabled to proportion the thickness of the chilling surface, to the mass
of metal to be chilled, and at the same time to maintain its uniform density with more
ease and certainty and with less expense than heretofore.
To clearly explain the nature of my invention reference is made to the accompanying
drawings in which :
Fig. 1 is a top plan of my improved chill.
Fig. 2 is a part side view, and part vertical section, through Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a part side, and sectional view of Fig. 1, showing a modification.
Fig. 4 is a cross section of another modification of Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a vertical section of my improved chill showing its several parts in
separate plates and rings.
Thus if
It is well known by all familiar with the art that the depth of chill in a casting is
very much influenced by the thickness of the chilling surface, a thick chilling surface,
or body, producing in the same iron a much deeper chill than a thin one.
chills of the ordinary form are used in casting light wheels with thin treads, for
mining and for city railways, they often chill them too deeply, and they are
consequently liable to break; the chill used is itself, if strong enough for the service
required of it, (being from 1 to 2 inches in section,) too thick. For some purposes it
is desirable that the chilling surface should not be more than one-fourth of an inch in
thickness. By my improvement I am enabled to easily and economically produce
a chill accurately proportioned to the depth of chilling effect required in the
casting.
My improvement consists in making the chill hollow in the form of a ring, with one
or more annular chambers without any obstruction or division across them, so that the
same are unbroken throughout the entire circumference.
This hollow ring may be made in one continuous casting properly cored out as
shown in section, Figs. 2, 3 and 4, or it may consist of separate upper and lower
circular plates or rings C₁ and D¹, properly secured to an inner ring A', forming the
chilling surface, and an outer supporting ring, or a series of posts B₁ may be similarly
secured between the plates C and D', Fig. 5.
When the chill is made in one casting, cored out as in Figs. 2 and 3, the holes
made in the upper and lower plates C and D, by the legs which supported the cores,
may be left open, as shown at b-b, Fig. 1, or, if desired, they may be closed up by
plugs of any suitable metal. I prefer, however, to support the cores by extending

page_text: them through the outer ring so as to form anchoring legs bedded in the surrounding
sand of the mould. The chill when cast in this manner will have at intervals openings
in the outer ring, as shown at O, Fig. 2, and the upper and lower plates C and D, will
be connected with each other by a series of columns or posts B, as shown in Figs. 1
and 2. The outer ring, whether unbroken, or thus divided into a series of columns
connecting the upper and lower plates, may be either vertical or placed at any angle
to the upper and lower plates desired, as shown by the dotted lines Fig. 2.
The openings Fig. 1, in the upper and lower plates may be used in connection
with those in the outer ring O, Fig. 2, or, either may be used without the other, or all
may be dispensed with entirely if so desired, without detracting at all from the value
of the chill.
If desired there may be interposed between the upper and lower plates one or more
horizontal or vertical webs. In Fig. 4, a horizontal web E, is shown, connecting the
inner chilling ring or surface A, with the outer ring or column B, to give increased
strength when necessary.
If preferred these webs may be placed at any desired angle instead of being
horizontal, or parallel with the upper and lower plates C and D, or they may be placed
vertically so as to connect the upper and lower plates, as shown in dotted lines, Fig. 3.
In either case such web or webs divide the hollow chill into two or more uninterrupted
annular chambers and give it increased strength and stiffness. It is manifest also
that increased strength and stiffness may, if preferred, be secured by extending the
outer ring B, or its equivalent, above and below the upper and lower plates (-D, as
shown by the dotted lines X, Fig. 3.
It will be readily seen that by thus making the chill in the form of a hollow ring
with one or more annular chambers any desired thickness of the chilling surface A
may be easily and cheaply obtained. When the chill is cast in one piece, this result
is secured by simply varying the size of annular core or cores. At the same time tho
chill being in the form of a continuous hollow ring, is very much lighter than if solid,
its strength is not diminished, the uniform density of all its parts is easily maintained,
and it is also less liable to warp. In making such a chill it may have the usual lugs
and trunnions if desired, but I prefer to make it without either, thus securing more
uniform expansion and contraction of its parts when in use.
To increase the efficiency of my improved chill, the chilling surface or inner ring A,
should be divided into sections or segments, as shown at a-a, in Figs. 1, 2 and 3.
The dividing slits a may be extended into the upper and lower plates as far as may
be desired. When the openings -b, are desired, the slits a may terminate in them
as shown on one half of Fig. 1. I am aware that hollow chills have heretofore been
made so as to introduce water or steam into the hollow chamber to control the
expansion and contraction; but in all such chills it is absolutely necessary to have at
least one permanent inlet and one permanent outlet opening for the ingress and egress
of the water or steam, with a partition across the annular chamber to direct and
control the flow. In my improved form of chill, however, no such agents as water or
steam are used, and it may have therefore any number of holes in the upper and lower
plates and outer ring that may be desired, or be entirely without them.
I do not limit myself to any special construction and arrangement of the parts I
have described, but―
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
―
1. A chill consisting of a hollow ring having one or more uninterrupted annular
chambers, substantially as described.
2. A chill consisting of a hollow ring formed in one continuous casting with its
chilling surface divided into sections, substantially as set forth.
3. A chill consisting of a hollow ring formed by circular upper and lower plates
connected with each other by an inner ring and outer ring, substantially as set
forth.

page_text: 4. A chill consisting of an upper circular plate and a lower circular plate connected
with each other by an inner ring forming the chilling surface, and by an outer series
of columns or webs, substantially as set forth.
5. A chill consisting of an upper and lower plate, either or both perforated at
intervals and connected with each other by an inner ring forming the chilling surface,
and by an outer ring, or by a series of supports or columns, substantially as
set forth.
6. A chill consisting of a hollow ring, formed in one continuous casting, with its
inner ring or chilling surface divided into sections, and the outer ring projecting
beyond the upper or lower faces of the chill, substantially as set forth.
7. A chill consisting of an upper circular continuous plate and a lower circular
continuous plate connected with each other by an inner ring forming the chilling
surface, and by an outer series of columns or webs forming open air spaces,
substantially as set forth.
8. A chill consisting of an upper and lower plate, perforated at intervals and
connected with each other by a continuous inner ring forming the chilling surface,
and by an outer support, substantially as set forth.
D101-1
ז
1007
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London,
Applicant's Agent.
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London,
Applicant's Agent.