Improvements in Type Writing Machines.
Year: 1890

page_text: Dat of Application, 19th June, 1890
Complete Specification Left. 20th Jan., 1891-Accepted, 7th Mar., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Type Writing Machines.
I, JOHN NEWTON WILLIAMS, of 81, Columbia Heights, Brooklyn, in the
County of Kings, State of New York, United States of America, Inventor, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows
My invention relates to a type writing machine of the style in which the writing
or impression is produced on top of the platen, constantly exposed to the inspection
of the operator; and the forms of type carrier and paper carriage movements, which
are the principal features of iny invention, are especially useful in such machines,
because they lend themselves to the prime object-that of leaving the platen open
and unobscured.
My invention consists in certain improvements, first on the type carrier mechanism
and second on the paper supporting and shifting devices.
=;
Referring to the accompanying drawings which form a part of this Specification :-
Figure is a central vertical section of a typical form of my machine-
omitting all parts except the type carriers and those parts necessary to their
operation.
Figure 2 is a plan view of the entire machine in its improved form.
Figure 3 is a vertical central section of the same.
Figure 4 is a vertical transverse sectional view in the plane indicated by the
lines 44 Figures 2 and 3.
Figure is an end view of the platen and associated parts.
Figure 6 is a perspective view of certain of the same parts, disassociated.
Figure 7 is an axial sectional view of the line-feed ratchet-wheel.
Figure 8 is a perspective view of the paper-carriage carrying frame and associated
parts, the paper-carriage and step-by-step feed rack being omitted.
Figure 9 is a sectional detail of a single type-bar and associated mechanism with
a specific view to show the action of the counter-balance spring.
Figure 10 is a perspective view of the feed-rack and associated parts.
Figure 11 is a sectional view of the front paper-holding cage and pressure-bar
and platen.
Figure 12 is a detail view of the platen and rear paper holding devices.
For the type-carrier mechanism I employ--in the typical form of machine shown
in Figure 1-the parallel ruler movement and in the improved and preferred form
shown in Figures 2 and 3, a modified form of that movement.
Referring to Figure it will be seen that the type 1 (preferably three on the
underside of each block 2) are carried on the ends of bars 3, which normally rest in
a horizontal plane on the fixed frame of the machine. The details of the frame
will be described further on.
Each type-bar or carrier 3 is pivoted or hung upon two links or arms 5, 6 which
at 7, 8 are respectively hinged to the fixed frame. An arm 9 (as shown at the left
of Figure 1) or a toothed segment 10 (as shown at the right of said figure) is
formed rigid with link 6 and is connected to the finger-keys 11.
In operating the machine, depression of the key will cause the arm 9 or
segment 10 to be turned, and will lift the type-bar-keeping it horizontal all
the while and carry it from its position of rest on the frame up and then down
to a position where the type will strike on the platen 12. A reverse movement
will bring it back to rest on the frame. The position at rest is shown on the
right of Figure 1-the projected position on the left of said figure, in full lines-
and an intermediate position also on the left, in dotted lines. The type-block will
describe approximately a half-circle-as shown by the dotted curve.

page_text: It will be seen that such a movement will lift the type from a position sufficiently
remote from the platen to leave the latter clearly in view, project it out toward
the platen as it rises, and then bring it down onto the platen with a substantially
vertical stroke, enabling the blow to be given with sufficient force and without any
such sidewise or endwise movement as might blur the impression. The movement
illustrated in Figure 1 is susceptible of some important practical improvements with
the object of lessening the movement of the key-levers and increasing the directness
of the downward stroke on the platen. Such improvements are embodied in the
machine illustrated in the remaining figures, which I will now describe.
The type-carriers 3 (see Figure 3) have preferably a downward bend at 13, so
as to bring the types somewhat below the top of the frame of the machine when
the types are in the projected position. This enables the projected type-bar to
lie diagonally across and above the type-blocks remaining in normal position on the
ink-pad.
By
The link 6, the one further from the type, is made longer than link 5. The
object of this is readily seen. It is unnecessary that the outer end of bar 3 have
any other than a longitudinal or front and rear movement. But in order to clear
the frame and paper and impart the proper blow, the inner or type end should have
as well an upward and downward movement, as nearly vertical as possible.
lengthening the link 6 relatively to the link 5, I am enabled to give as great a
longitudinal blow to the type-carrier with a less movement of the link 6 around its
pivot, and consequently, a less depression of key, and at the same time the direct-
ness and force of the downward blow of the type is increased. This is well shown
by the dotted curves at the left of Figure 3, the are described by link 6 being
quite flat, the are of link 5 much more arcuate (nearly a half-circle) and the are of
the type still more arcuate—about one-half of an ellipse.
There are two groups of type-blocks-one in front and one in rear of the
platen each resting normally on a horizontal ink-pad 14 placed in a flat curved
pan 15 supported on the frame by pivots 15". The type-blocks of each group
are arranged parallel and close together and their type-bars radiate from a
common centre over the platen. The type-bars have a varying horizontal bend
at 19 (see Figure 2) increasing from the centre, outward, to bring all to the
proper radial position. Seats 16 in concentric cross-bars 17, 18 of the frame,
hold and steady the type-bars or carriers in both normal and projected positions.
To maintain alignment in striking the platen, it is preferred that the seats 16
on the inner cross-bar 17 be of such depth as to arrest the type-bar just as or before
the type touches the platen, so that the arch formed by link 5, type-bar 3 and type-
block 2 (see Figure 1) being supported at its centre will not flatten under the
stress of the blow. The inner links are preferably bent somewhat, as shown, so
that they will clear the ink-pad and adjoining type-blocks when the type-carriers
are in projected position.
The horizontally arranged ink-pad against the top of which the type returns
after each impression, is a feature which is of considerable practical importance and
one which is rendered possible by the peculiar type-carrier movement employed.
The ink-pan, being closed at bottom, is adapted to receive a supply of ink which
will be long retained. The type are always inked in readiness for the impression,
and are so moved to and from the pad, that the latter offers no frictional resistance.
The type print directly from their face, so insuring a clear-cut clean impression.
The pivoting of the ink-pad enables the type to always find a seat upon it.
It may
be readily removed and renewed.
In the present case, the supports for the pivots 7, 8 of the links 5, 6 consist of
bent bars 20 fixed under one of the curved bars 18. Rigid with the links 6 are
arins 21 to which are attached the upper ends of tension springs 22. The lower
ends of the springs are (as shown at the left of Figure 3) fixed to the rigid bar 23
of the frame or, (as shown at the right of the same figure) to the extreme rear ends
of the key-levers 24. It will be seen that the first method of attachment of the
springs is appropriate for those in the front of the machine and the second for

page_text: those in the rear of the machine. Those key-levers which run to the rear of the
machine are connected to the rear links 6, by push-rods 25 hinged to the same
arms 21 which carry the upper ends of springs 22. Other key-levers 24 only extend
part way to the rear of the machine and are hinged at 26 to floating levers 27.
Normally the lovers 27 bear upward loosely at their front ends against the underside
of base-piece 28 of the frame and at their rear ends are hung on pull-rods 29 hinged
to arms 9 of links 6. The left of Figure shows the parts in the position they
assume when a key is depressed. The arms 9 are so arranged as to be approximately
horizontal when at rest, so as to start with little resistance. The key-levers pass
through slots in an inclined face plate 31 which with the bent shields 32 hides the
mechanism of the machine from view. All of the key levers have lugs 33 projecting
up through slots in a cross-bar or girder 34 and rods 30 passing through the upper
ends of lugs 33 serve as pivots for the latter and for their respective key-levers.
The practical necessity which exists of arranging the keys in a bank of several rows,
the different lengths of the key-levers necessary for actuating front and rear type-
carriers and the different methods employed for connecting the key-levers and the
type-carriers at front and rear of the machine renders it desirable that some latitude
be allowed in the location of the key-lever pivots, so that leverage exerted and the
"touch
of the keys shall be substantially equal. With this end in view the bar
or girder 34 is made wide enough from front to rear to receive two or more series of
bearings for the lugs 33 and the latter are hung therein at a forward or rear point
governed by the above-stated considerations.
::
Depression of any of the keys connected with the front group of the type-
carriers will force down the corresponding floating lever 27, the latter being allowed
at its forward end under the frame 28 the slight freedom to slide which may be
necessary. This draws down rod 29 and projects the proper type-bar in the manner
already described. The spring 22 resists this action and on the release of the key
returns all parts to normal positions. The same spring at all times maintains tie
parts under tension, its strain being so exerted as to prevent any back-lash or loose
movement of the parts. Thus depression of the key is felt instantaneously and
without loose movement of the type. The operation of one of the rear type-carriers
is similar the parts being kept under tension by the spring 22 which is elongated
by the rising of the outer end of arm 21.
The links or arms 5 have, projecting beyond their pivots, short arms 36
(Figures 3 and 9), from which hang links 37 hinged at their lower ends to free ends
of wire counteracting springs 38 whose other ends are fastened to the frame. The
springs 38 are so bent as to exert a constant downward pull on the arms 36. But
it will be observed that this pull only becomes effective when the arms 36 are about
in horizontal position at one or the other end of their movement; that is to say,
when their stress becomes important in overcoming the gravity and toggle action of
the links. By this means the softness of the "touch" is found to be very materially
improved.
The paper-carriage of my improved type-writer moves on a single track. The
platen 12 is a wooden or metal, rubber-covered, roller of cylindrical or approximately
cylindrical shape. Its trunnions 39 are mounted in the vertical arms 40 of a
supporting and guide-bar 41. 42 is the track-rail arranged immediately under the
bar 41. The adjacent faces of bar 41 and rail 42 have V-shaped or equivalent
grooves to receive anti-friction balls 43--preferably two in number and so separated
by pins 44 that both ends of the platen will be sure of support at all times. The
shape of the grooves is such that the gravity of the carriage will bring it always to
central position and yet it will rest on each ball at but two points and so move with
but little friction. The track or rail 42 is of girder form of such depth as to give a
bearing for the steadying rollers 45, 46 separated from the ball-bearing above
described. Strain and friction are thus avoided. The roller 45 runs in a groove
in the bottom of rail 42 and is carried by the same pin 47 as the roller 46, which is
so held up to the side of the rail by spring 48 as to yield slightly to sidewise
movement. The pin 47 is carried by the lower end of an arm 40 pendent from and

page_text: rigid with the bar 41. It will be seen that the weight of the carriage is all upon
the balls 43, as well as the principal guiding action-the rollers 45, 46 serving
simply to steady the movement and prevent accidental displacement of the carriage
from its track.
As, in order to lessen the number of keys, two or preferably three, types are
carried by each type-block, it is necessary to provide for the relative shifting of
type-blocks and platen, to bring one or other of the types on each block into play.
This may be done by shifting either the type-carriage or the platen.
present application a preferred method of shifting the platen is shown and will now
be described.
In the
The rail 42 is supported at its ends on standards 50 (see especially Figures 4 and 8).
These standards oscillate on pivots 51. In order to maintain the top of the platen
as much as possible in the same horizontal plane, so that the type may always strike
it squarely with the same force, it is important that the pivots 51 be placed as low as
possible. The frame 28 which completely surrounds the machine, is supported on
legs 32 and the lugs 53 hanging from the frame and carrying the pivots 51, extend
nearly to the level of the bottom of said legs.
It is desirable that the majority of impressions shall be given to the platen when
it is vertically over the pivots 51. So the types most used (which are, the
22
lower
case alphabet) are placed in the middle of the type-blocks. Capitals and other
signs or abbreviations as may be desired occupy the two ends of the type-blocks.
It may be remarked in passing, that as shown by the accompanying drawings my
machine is capable of having in perfectly convenient and operative space, eighty-
four characters with the employment of but twenty-eight keys. So that to the
upper and lower case alphabet and the customary punctuation marks and figures,
may be added such useful characters as £, S. 1. %: @ or any others which may
be found convenient for special use. The use of two keys additional to the twenty-
six necessary for the alphabet enables the comma and hyphen to be mounted in the
same part of the type-block as the lower case letters thus avoiding the most
frequent cause for employing the shifting key. The keys are so arranged on the
board as to bring those most used in the centre, and those most often associated into
such relation as to be conveniently operated. The types are also arranged in one
or the other group on opposite sides of the platen, according to the frequency of
their use, the intention being to have one group used as much as the other. The
type-blocks are made removable from their carriers so that they can readily be
types 1 of each
replaced by others which may be newer or of a different font. The end
type-block are preferably arranged at opposite inclinations to the intermediate
type to make up for the slight difference in angle of the platen when it is oscillated
under the same. The result of this inclination is that each type will strike the
platen fairly on its face. Strictly the faces of the three types on each block should
lie in a circle struck from the pivots 97 of the paper carriage, but in order to
avoid possible striking of one type of the block accidentally when another type
of the same block is brought against the platen, the types are made to project
substantially equal distances downward from the type-block, the printing faces
of the two end types being however at suitable inclination to that of the central
type.
The platen is held normally with its supports vertically over their pivots. It is
returned automatically to that position by a centering spring 54 which is wound on
The two ends of the spring pass
a lug or drum 55 fixed to one of the standards 50.
forward opposite sides of two lugs 56, 57, the first fixed to frame 28 and the
other to a lever 58 which extends forward to the key-board where it has a key or
finger piece 59. Depression of key 59 will thus tilt the platen forward against the
action of one end of spring 54 while clevation of the same key above its normal position
will tilt back the platen against the action of the other end of spring 54 and
the release of the key will in either case bring the platen and its supports
back to the upright medial position. A button 60 (Figure 11) pivoted to
over the key 59
the frame 28 may be swung with its lugs 60" under or

page_text: to hold it in elevated or depressed position as long as desired. But any desired
device may be substituted for accomplishing the purpose of this button.
Besides the oscillatory movement with its supports just described, the platen has
two other movements-one a step-by-step movement transverse of the machine on
the balls 43, to properly space the characters and words of a line, the other a rotary
movement on its trunnions to shift the paper from line to line. The first of these
two movements is imparted by a spring wound in customary manner in drum 61
which has a cord, strap or other means of connection 62 with the bar 41 of the
paper-carriage. This spring exerts as is customary in such machines, a constant
pull to the left on the paper carriage and the latter is released by an escapement
controlled by the keys.
This escapement will now be described:
63 is a rack hanging loosely from pivots 64 carried by lugs 65 on the bar 41 of
the paper-carriage. 66 is a rock-shaft or bar pivoted in inclined bearings at 67, 67
on one oscillating standard 50 and rail 42 respectively. At its upper end the inclined
rock-shaft or bar 66 has a horizontal spring arm 66 carrying two studs 69, 69
one on each side of rack 63 and both preferably bearing anti-friction rollers 70, 70
which closely hold the rack 63 while allowing it to run between them. A rigid
projection 66 on said rock-shaft or bar 66 strengthens the spring arm 6S and renders
its normal action in shifting the rack prompt and positive, while not interfering
with the forward movement of the rack against the action of the spring arm 68 when
it is desired to disengage the said rack from both of its pawls 83, 88.
71 is the spacer bar or yoke having lugs 72 pivoted on cross-bar or girder 34
along with the key-levers. It is of U-form and crosses the machine immediately under
all of the type-moving key-levers and sufficiently forward of its pivots, to afford an
efficient leverage. In addition to the key-levers 24 connected with the type-carriers,
a lever 73 is employed, also pivoted on cross-bar 34 and overhanging the spacer
bar or yoke 71. This lever is preferably arranged in the middle of the series of
levers, so that its key 74 may be placed in front of the middle of the key-board so
as to be capable of operation readily by either hand.
To shorten the machine for transportation, the key 74 is preferably hinged to its
lever 73 and has a square ended pintle 75 adapted to be engaged by spring 76 and
so hold the key in extended or folded position. The spacer bar 71 has a rearward
projecting arm 77 (Figure 8) on which is a lip 78 in front of an arm 79 of rock-shaft
or bar 66. A spring 80 fixed at one end 81 to oscillating standard 50 of the paper
carriage has its other end fixed to arm 79 of rock-shaft or bar 66.
This spring presses constantly forward the outer ends of arms 68 and 79 of
the rock-shaft or bar 66 and thereby keeps the rack 63 normally tilted forward
and the spacer bar 71 normally up close under the key-levers while depression
of the spacing-key 74 or any of the keys 11 will force down the spacer-bar
against the action of spring 80 and, rocking the shaft or bar 66, shift or tilt the
rack 63 to the rear.
Normally, the rack, being tilted or inclined forward has its teeth engaged by those
of segmental pawl 83 which is pivoted at 84 on a screw or pin fixed to the rail 42.
The pawl 83 is arrested by its plate 85 impacting on a sound deadening pad 86
preferably of cork, carried by a chambered lug 87 on rail 42. When moved to
the rear by the depression of a key, the rack leaves the teeth of pawl 83 and
engages those of a pawl 88 fixed to the rail 42 immediately in rear of movable
pawl 83 and with its teeth in register with those of the latter. The pawl 83
freed from the rack is forced to the right past one or two or more teeth of the rack
by a spring 89, until arrested by a stop 90 at such a point that its teeth will be
again in register with those of the rack. The stop 90 is preferably of a sound
deadening material such as cork, mounted in a chambered lug 91 fixed to the
pawl 88 or directly to the rail 42. The pawl 83 is now ready to again receive
the rack 63 as it is moved forward on the rising of the key, and as soon as the rack
leaves the fixed pawl, it is carried to the left, with the paper-carriage, until arrested
and held by impingement of pawl 83 on stop 86. The sound-deadeners of cork

page_text: are especially useful that material changing but slightly under light pressure.
and, when compressed in the chambered lug as shown, lasting a long time without
necessity for adjustment.
The paper-carriage is moved step by step to the left by the mechanism
just described, until a line is about completed, when the hammer of a gong 92 is
operated by a projection 93 from the pendent arm 49. For moving the carriage
back again to the right in order to commence a new line of writing, the handle
or thumb-piece 94 is used. This thumb-piece has a rounded bowl to receive
the thumb and arms 95 turned up on the sides thereof. It is hung from the right
hand trummion of platen 12 by these arms. The arm 63 has an arm 96 projecting
to the right and then upward under thumb-piece 94. When therefore the thumb
is placed on thumb-piece 94 and the latter is slightly depressed, the arm 96
will be pressed to the rear and the rack 63 forward, freeing the rack from both
of the pawls 83, 88, and allowing the paper-carriage to be moved freely to right
or left by pressure applied sidewise to thumb-piece 94.
A round toothed wheel 97 is keyed to the trunnion 39 between the arms 95 of the
thumb-piece 94. A pawl 98 pivoted to the arms 95 bears on the toothed wheel 97.
By placing the fore-finger under piece 94 and raising it, the wheel 97 is turned,
and the platen rotated to feed forward the paper from line to line for any
desired distance. The wheel 97 has a neek 99 (Figure 7) through which is
passed a key 100 which fixes it to the trummion 39. Upon this neck and
between the wheel 97 and one of the arms 95 of the thumb-piece is coiled a
spring 101, whose projecting ends pass on both sides of the flattened horizontal
portion of pawl 98 and so hold it against the wheel 97. A pin 102 (Figure 5)
projecting from any portion of the frame of the paper-carriage, has its end lying
between the free ends of spring 101, so that one or the other end of the spring
will always abut against said pin when the thumb-piece is raised or depressed
thus returning the thumb-piece to its normal, central position. Another pin or
stud 103 on the horizontal arm 104 of the paper-carriage frame, arrests the
upward motion of the thumb-piece always at a fixed point. It will thereupon
be observed, that the amount of rotation of the platen with each upward
movement of the thumb-piece may be adjusted by causing the pawl 98 to engage
with the toothed wheel 97, sooner or later in its upward movement. To this end a
flat cam 105 is pivoted on the trunnion 39 close to the wheel 97. It projects slightly
beyond the periphery of wheel 97 and lifts the pawl 98 from the teeth thereof for
such portion of the movement of the thumb-piece as may be desired. The cam has a
spring metal finger-piece 106 carrying a pin 107 adapted to enter any one of a series
of holes in a segment 108 fixed to the carriage-frame.
While the paw! 98 will engage with the rounded teeth of wheel 97 so as to turn
the platen when the thumb-piece 94 is raised, it will not when the thumb-piece is
in normal position obstruct movement of the wheel in either direction. A hand-
wheel 109 on the trunnion 39 on the left of the platen may therefore be used for
rotating the platen at will, when, either for inserting the paper, or to shift it back
or forth, the regularly intermittent movement afforded by the thumb-piece 94 is not
desirable--or the toothed wheel 97 may be used as a hand-wheel.
The paper-holder is most clearly shown in Figures 3 and 4. It consists mainly
of two bent spring wire cages 110, 111 fixed respectively to the front and rear of
the paper-carriage. The cage 110 is hung on the bottom of a guide-plate 112
whose upper edge is fixed to the bar 41. This plate extends from side to side of
the carriage and serves to effectually direct the paper to its curved or rolled
position in the cage. The upper part of the cage 110 has downward extensions 113
and upwardly extending arms 114 to which is hinged a graduated pressure-bar 115.
Links or arms 116 are fixed to the ends of pressure-bar 115 and pivoted at 117 on
horizontal arms 104 of the paper-carriage, said bar being given a pressure toward
the platen by the contractile tension of the spring wire cage. When the pressure-
bar is raised to open the cage, the links or arms pass over or just beyond their
centre, and the line of pressure or tension being now immediately over or a

page_text: little in front of the pivoted point, the bar. is, held open by the spring action of
the cage.
The cage 111 at the rear of the platen is hung from bar 41 of the paper-carriage.
It has downwardly extending arms 113 similar to those on cage 110, and like the
latter so disposed as to leave room for the paper to enter.
121 is a rear paper
holding roller having its end pivots held by links 120 pivoted on arms 104 (see
Figure 12). From the pivots of the roller 120, a bar. 119 (immediately in rear of
the platen) is pendent by arms 122. From this bar the cage 111 hangs by loops 118.
The spring pressure of the cage is constantly downward and it thus holls the
roller 121 against the platen.
The paper may.
be inserted on raising the bar 115 till the links 116 stand imme-
diately over or just beyond their centre. The spring wires of the cage will now
hold, the cage open, the downward pressure on links 116 being over or in front of
their pivots 117: Sufficient space is thus provided between the bar, 115 and the
platen to enable the paper to enter, and it is accordingly slipped into this space,
the side to be written on being toward the operator. The guide 112 causes the
paper, to roll itself into position in the cage. The top of the paper is laid over the
platen face up, its edge inserted under roller 121 and the bar 115 snapped down to
hold it on the platen. The paper may now be written on, shifted and removed by
means which have already been fully described.
Dated this 18th day of June 1890
H. D. FITZPATRICK,
70, Wellington Street, Glasgow, Agent:
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Type Writing Machines.
I, JOHN NEWTON WILLIAMS, of 81, Columbia Heights, Brooklyn, in the
County of Kings, State of New York, United States of America, Inventor, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
My invention relates to a type-writing machine of the style in which the writing
or impression is produced on top of the platen, constantly exposed to the inspection
of the operator; and the forms of type carrier and paper carriage movements,
which are the principal features of my invention, are especially useful in such
machines, because they lend themselves to the prinie object, that of leaving the
platen open and unobscured.
•
My invention consists in certain improvements first, on the type carrier
mechanism; and second, on the paper supporting and shifting devices.
Referring to the drawings, filed with my Provisional Specification,
Figure is a central vertical section of a typical form of my machine, omitting
all parts except the type carriers, and those parts necessary to their operation.
Figure II is a plan view of the entire machine in its improved form.
Figure 1 is a vertical central section of the same.
Figure IV is a vertical transverse sectional view in the plane indicated by the
lines 4-4, Figs. II and III.
Figure Vis an end view of the platen and associated parts.
Figure VI is a perspective view of certain of the same parts, disassociated.
Figure VII is an axial sectional view of the line-feed ratchet-wheel.
Figure VIII is a perspective view of the paper-carriage carrying frame. and
associated parts, the paper-carriage and step-by-step feed rack being omitted.
Figure IX is a sectional detail of a single type-bar and associated mechanism.
with a specific view to show the action of the counter-balance spring.
Figure X is a perspective view of the feed-rack and associated parts.
Figure XI is a sectional view of the front. paper-holding cage and pressure-bar
and platen.

page_text: Figure XII is a detail view of the platen and rear paper holding devices.
For the type-carrier mechanism, I employ-in the typical form of machine shown
in Fig. the parallel ruler movement and in the improved and preferred form
shown in Figs. I and III, a modified form of that movement.
Referring to Fig. 1, it will be seen that the type 1 (preferably three on the
underside of each block 2) are carried on the ends of bars 3, which normally rest
in a horizontal plane on the fixed frame 4 of the machine. The details of the frame
will be described further on.
Each type-bar or carrier 3 is pivoted or hung upon two links or arms 5, 6, which
at 7, 8, are respectively hinged to the fixed frame, An arm 9 (as shown at the left
of Fig. 1) or a toothed segment 10 (as shown at the right of said figure) is formed
rigid with link 6 and is connected to the finger-keys 11.
In operating the machine, depression of the key will cause the arm 9 or segment 10
to be turned, and will lift the type-bar-keeping it horizontal all the while-and
carry it from its position of rest on the frame up and then down to a position where
the type will strike on the platen 12. A reverse movement will bring it back to
rest on the frame. The position at rest is shown on the right of Fig. 1-the
projected position on the left of said figure, in full lines-and an intermediate
position also on the left, in dotted lines. The type-block will describe approximately
a half-circle- -as shown by the dotted curve.
It will be seen that such a movement will lift the type from a position sufficiently
remote from the platen to leave the latter clearly in view, project it out toward the
platen as it rises, and then bring it down on to the platen with a substantially
vertical stroke enabling the blow to be given with suflicient force and without any
such sidewise or endwise movement as might blur the impression. The movement
illustrated in Figure 1 is susceptible of some important practical improvements with
the object of lessening the movement of the key-levers and increasing the directness
of the downward stroke on the platen. Such improvements are embodied in the
machine illustrated in the remaining figures, which I will now describe.
The type-carriers 3 (see Figure 111) have preferably a downward bend at 13, so
as to bring the type somewhat below the top of the frame of the machine when the
types are in the projected position. This enables the projected type-bar to lie
diagonally across and above the type-blocks remaining in normal position on the
ink-pad.
The link 6, the one further from the type, is made longer than link 5. The object
of this is readily seen. It is unnecessary that the outer end of bar 3 have any other
than a longitudinal or front and rear movement. But in order to clear the frame
and paper and impart the proper blow, the inner or type end should have as well an
upward and downward movement, as nearly as vertical as possible. By lengthening
the link 6 relatively to the link 5, I am enabled to give as great a longitudinal blow
to the type-carrier with a less movement of the link 6 around its pivot, and con-
sequently, a less depression of key, and at the same time the directness and force
of the downward blow of the type is increased. This is well shown by the dotted
curves at the left of Figure III, the are described by link 6 being quite flat, the
are of link 5 much more arcuate (nearly a half-circle) and the are of the type still
more arcuate about one-half of an ellipse.
There are two groups of type-blocks-
-one in front and one in rear of the platen
-each resting normally on a horizontal ink-pad 14 placed in a flat curved pan 15
supported on the frame by pivots 15". The type-blocks of each group are arranged
parallel and close together and their type-bars radiate from a common centre over
the platen. The type-bars have a varying horizontal bend at 19 (see Fig. 1)
increasing from the centre, outward to bring all to the proper radial position.
Seats 16 in concentric cross-bars 17, 18 of the frame, hold and steady the type-bars
or carriers in both normal and projected positions. To maintain alignment in
striking the platen, it is preferred that the seats 16 on the inner cross-bar 17 be of
such depth as to arrest the type-bar just as or before the type touches the platen,
so that the arch formed by link 5, type-bar 3 and type-block 2 (see Figure 1) being

page_text: supported at its centre will not flatten under the stress of the blow. The inner
links 5 are preferably bent somewhat, as shown so that they will clear the ink-pad
and adjoining type-blocks when the type-carriers are in projected position.
The horizontally arranged ink-pad against the top of which the type returns after
each impression, is a feature which is of considerable practical importance and one
which is rendered possible by the peculiar type-carrier movement employed. The
ink-pan being closed at bottom, is adapted to receive a supply of ink which will be
long retained. The type are always inked in readiness for the impression, and are
so moved to and from the pad, that the latter offers no frictional resistance. The
type print directly from their face, so insuring a clear-cut, clean impression. The
pivoting of the ink-pad enables the type to always find a seat upon it. It may be
readily removed and renewed.
In the present case, the supports for the pivots 7, 8, of the links 5, 6, consist of
bent bars 20 fixed under one of the curved bars 18. Rigid with the links 6 are
arms 21 to which are attached the upper ends of tension springs 22. The lower
ends of the springs are (as shown at the left of Fig. 1) fixed to the rigid bar 23
of the frame or, (as shown at the right of the same figure) to the extreme rear
ends of the key-levers 24. It will be seen that the first method of attachment
of the springs is appropriate for those in the front of the machine and the
second for those in the rear of the machine. Those key-levers which run
to the rear of the machine are connected to the rear links 6, by push-
rods 25 hinged to the same arms 21 which carry the upper ends of springs 22.
Other key-levers 24 only extend part way to the rear of the machine and are
hinged at 26 to floating levers 27. Normally the levers 27 bear upward loosely
at their front ends against the underside of base-piece 28 of the frame and at their
rear ends are hung on pull-rods 29 hinged to arms 9 of links 6. The left of
Figure shows the parts in the position they assume when a key is depressed.
The arms 9 are so arranged as to be approximately horizontal when at rest, so as
to start with little resistance. The key-levers pass through slots in an inclined
face plate 31, which with the bent shields 32 hides the mechanism of the machine
from view. All of the key-levers have lugs 33 projecting up through slots in a
cross-bar or girder 34, and rods 30 passing through the upper ends of lugs 33
serve as pivots for the latter and for their respective key-levers. The practical
necessity which exists of arranging the keys in a bank of several rows, the different
lengths of the key-levers necessary for actuating front and rear type-carriers and
the different methods for connecting the key-levers and the type-carriers at front
and rear of the machine render it desirable that some latitude be allowed in the
location of the key-lever pivots, so that leverage exerted and the "touch" of the
keys shall be substantially equal. With this end in view the bar or girder 34 is
made wide enough from front to rear to receive two or more series of bearings for the
lugs 33, and the latter are hung therein at a forward or rear point governed by the
above-stated considerations.
Depression of any of the keys connected with the front group of the type-carriers
will force down the corresponding floating lever 27, the latter being allowed at its
forward end under the frame 28 the slight freedom to slide which may be necessary.
This draws down rod 29 and projects the proper type-bar in the manner already
described. The spring 22 resists this action and on the release of the key returns
all parts to normal positions. The same spring at all times maintains the parts
under tension, its strain being so exerted as to prevent any back-lash or loose
movement of the parts. Thus depression of the key is felt instantaneously and
without loose movement of the type. The operation of one of the rear type-carriers
is similar the parts being kept under tension by the spring 22 which is elongated
by the rising of the outer end of arm 21.
The links or arms 5 have, projecting beyond their pivots, short arms 36
(Figures II and IX) from which hang links 37 hinged at their lower ends to free
ends of wire counteracting springs 38 whose other ends are fastened to the frame.
The springs 38 are so bent as to exert a constant downward pull on the arms 36.
I

page_text: But it will be observed that this pull only becomes effective when the arms 36 are
about in horizontal position at one or the other end of their movement; that is to
say, when their stress becomes important in overcoming the gravity and toggle
action of the links. By this means the softness of the "touch" is found to be very
materially improved.
The paper-carriage of my improved type-writer moves on a single track. The
platen 12 is a wooden or metal, rubber-covered, roller of cylindrical or approxi
mately cylindrical shape. Its trunnions 39 are mounted in the vertical arms 40 of
a supporting and guide-bar 41. 42 is the track-rail arranged immediately under
the bar 41. The adjacent faces of bar 41 and rail 42 have V-shaped or equivalent
grooves to receive anti-friction balls 43---preferably two in mumber and so separated
by pins 44 that both ends of the platen will be sure of support at all times. The
shape of the grooves is such that the gravity of the carriage will bring it always
to central position and yet it will rest on each ball at but two points and so move
with but little friction. The track on rail 42 is of girder form of such depth as to
give a bearing for the steadying rollers 45, 46, separated from the ball bearing
above described. Strain and friction are thus avoided. The roller 45 runs in a
groove in the bottom of rail 42 and is carried by the same pin 47 as the roller 46,
which is so held up to the side of the rail by spring 48 as to yield slightly to sidewise
movement. The pin 47 is carried by the lower end of an arm 49 pendent from
and rigid with the bar 41. It will be seen that the weight of the carriage is all
upon balls 43, as well as the principal guiding action-the rollers 45, 46 serving
simply to steady the movement and prevent accidental displacement of the carriage
from the track.
As, in order to lessen the number of keys, two or preferably three, types are
carried by each type-block, it is necessary to provide for the relative shifting of
type-blocks and platen, to bring one or other of the types on each block into play.
This may be done by shifting either the type-carriage or the platen. In the present
application a preferred method of shifting the platen is shown, and will now be
described.
The rail 42 is supported at its ends on standards 50 (see especially Figures IV
and VIII). These standards oscillate on pivots 51. In order to maintain the top
of the platen as much as possible in the same horizontal plane, so that the type
may always strike it squarely with the same force, it is important that the
pivots 51, he placed as low as possible. The frame 28 which completely surrounds
the machine, is supported on legs 52 and the lugs 53, hanging from the frame and
carrying the pivots 51, extend nearly to the level of the bottom of said legs.
It is desirable that the majority of the impressions shall be given to the platen
when it is vertically over the pivots 51. So the types most used (which are, the
lowercase alphabet) are placed in the middle of the type-blocks. Capitals and
other signs or abbreviations as may be desired occupy the two ends of the type-
blocks. It may be remarked in passing, that as shown by the accompanying
drawings my machine is capable of having in perfectly convenient and operative
space, eighty-four characters with the employment of but twenty-eight keys. So
that to the upper and lower case alphabet and the customary punctuation marks
and figures, may be added such useful characters as £, $, /, %, @, or any others
which may be found convenient for special use. The use of two keys additional tc
the twenty-six necessary for the alphabet enables the comma and hyphen to be
mounted in the same part of the type-block as the lower case letters, thus
avoiding the most frequent cause for employing the shifting key. The keys are so
arranged on the board as to bring those most used in the centre and those most
often associated into such relation as to be conveniently operated. The types are
also arranged in one or the other group on opposite sides of the platen according
to the frequency of their use, the intention being to have one group used as much
as the other. The type-blocks are made removable from their carriers so that they
can readily be replaced by others which may be newer or of a different font. The
end types of each type-block 2 are preferably arranged at opposite inclinations

page_text: to the intermediate type to make up for the slight difference in angle of the platen
when it is oscillated under the same. The result of this inclination is that each
type will strike the platen fairly on its face. Strictly the faces of the three types
on each block should lie in a circle struck from the pivots 97 of the paper carriage,
but in order to avoid possible striking of one type of the block accidentally when
another type of the same block is brought against the platen, the types are made to
project substantially equal distances downward from the type-block, the printing
faces of the two end types being however at suitable inclination to that of the
central type.
The platen is held normally with its supports vertically over their pivots. It is
returned automatically to that position by a centering spring 54, which is wound on a
lug or drum 55 fixed to one of the standards 50. The two ends of the spring pass
forward on opposite sides of two lugs 56, 57, the first fixed to frame 28 and the
other to a lever 58 which extends forward to the key-board where it has a key or
finger piece 59. Depression of key 59 will thus tilt the platen forward against
the action of one end of spring 54, while elevation of the same key above its normal
position will tilt back the platen against the action of the other end of spring 54,
and the release of the key will in either case bring the platen and its supports back
to the upright medial position. A button 60 (Figure 11) pivoted to the frame 28
inay be swung with its lug 60 under or over the key 59 to hold it in elevated or
depressed position as long as desired. But any desired device may be substituted
for accomplishing the purpose of this button.
Beside the oscillatory movement with its supports just described, the platen has
two other movements-one a step-by-step movement transverse of the machine on
the balls 43, to properly space the characters and words of a line, the other a rotary
movement on its trunnions to shift the paper from line to line. The first of these
two movements is imparted by a spring wound in customary manner in drum 61,
which has a cord, strap or other means of connection 62, with the bar 41 of the
paper carriage. This spring exerts as is customary in such machines, a constant
pall to the left on the paper carriage, and the latter is released by an escapement
controlled by the keys.
This escapement will now be described :-
63 is a rack, hanging loosely from pivots 64, carried by lugs 65, on the bar 41 of
the paper carriage. 66 is a rock shaft or bar pivoted in inclined bearings at 67, 67
on one oscillating standard 50 and rail 42 respectively. At its upper end, the
inclined rock shaft or bar 66, has a horizontal spring arm 68, carrying two
studs 69, 69, one on each side of rack 63 and both preferably bearing anti-friction
rollers 70, 70 which closely hold the rack 63, while allowing it to run between them.
A rigid projection 66", on said rock-shaft or bar 66 strengthens the spring arm 68
and renders its normal action in shifting the rack prompt and positive while not
interfering with the forward movement of the rack against the action of the
spring arm 68 when it is desired to disengage the said rack from both of its
pawls 83, 88.
71 is the space-bar or yoke having lugs 72 pivoted on cross-bars or girder 34
along with the key-levers. It is of U-form and crosses the machine immediately
under all of the type-moving key-levers and sufficiently forward of its pivots, to
afford an efficient leverage. In addition to the key-levers 24 connected with the
type-carriers, a lever 73 is employed, also pivoted on cross-bar 34 and overhanging
the spacer bar or yoke 71. This lever is preferably arranged in the middle of the
series of levers, so that its key 74 may be placed in front of the middle of the key-
board so as to be capable of operation readily by either hand.
To shorten the machine for transportation, the key 74 is preferably hinged to its
lever 73, and has a square ended pintle 75 adapted to be engaged by spring 76
and so hold the key in extended or folded position. The spacer-bar 71 has a rear-
ward projecting arm 77 (Figure VIII) on which is a lip 78 in front of an arm 79 of
rock-shaft or bar 66. A spring 80 fixed at one end 81 to oscillating standard 50 of
the paper carriage has its other end fixed to arm 79 of rock-shaft or bar 66.

page_text: This spring presses constantly forward the outer ends of arms 68 and 79 of the
rock-shaft or bar 66, and thereby keeps the rack 63 normally tilted forward and
the spacer-bar 71 normally up close under the key-levers, while depression of the
spacing-key 74 or any of the keys 11 will force down the space-bar against the
action of spring 80 and, rocking the shaft or bar 66, shift or tilt the rack 63 to
the rear.
Normally, the rack, being tilted or inclined forward has its teeth engaged by
those of segmental pawl 83 which is pivoted at 8+ on a screw or pin fixed to the
rail 42. The pawl 83 is arrested by its plate 85 impacting on a sound deadening
pad 86, preferably of cork, carried by a chambered hig 87 on rail 42. When moved
to the rear by the depression of a key, the rack leaves the teeth of pawl 83 and
engages those of a pawl 88 fixed to the rail 42 immediately in rear of the movable
pawl 83, and with its teeth in register with those of the latter.
The pawl 83 freed from the rack, is forced to the right past one or two or more
teeth of the rack by a spring 89, until arrested by a stop 90 at such a point that
its teeth will be again in register with those of the rack. The stop 90 is preferably
of a sound deadening material such as cork, mounted in a chambered lug 91 fixed
10 the pawl 88 or directly to the rail 42. The pawl 83 is now ready to again
receive the rack 63 as it is moved forward on the rising of the key, and as soon as
the rack leaves the fixed pawl, it is carried to the left, with the paper carriage
until arrested and held by impingement of pawl 83 on stop 86. The sound-deadeners
of cork are especially useful that material changing but slightly under light
pressure, and, when compressed in the chambered lug as shown, lasting a long time
without necessity for adjustment.
The paper-carriage is moved step-by-step to the left by the mechanism just described,
until a line is about completed, when the hammer of a gong 92 is operated by a
projection 93 from the pendent arm 49. For moving the carriage back again to the
right in order to commience a new line of writing, the handle or thumb-piece 94 is
used. This thumb-piece has a rounded bowl to receive the thumb and arms 95
turned up on the sides thereof. It is hung from the right hand trunnion of platen 12
by these arms.
The arm 63 has an arm 96 projecting to the right and then upward
under the thumb-piece 94. When, therefore, the thumb is placed on thumb-piece 94
and the latter is slightly depressed, the arm 96 will be pressed to the rear and the
rack 63 forward, freeing the rack from both of the pawls 83, 88, and allowing the
paper-carriage to be moved freely to right or left by pressure applied sidewise to
thumb-piece 94.
A rounded toothed wheel 97 is keyed to the trunnion 39 between the arms 95 of
the thumb-piece 94. A pawl 98 pivoted to the arms 95 bears on the toothed
wheel 97. By placing the fore-finger under piece 94 and raising it, the wheel 97 is
turned, and the platen rotated to feed forward the paper from line to line for any
desired distance. The wheel 97 has a neck 99 (Figure VII) through which is
passed a key 100 which fixes it to the trunnion 39. Upon this neck and between
the wheel 97 and one of the arms 95 of the thumb-piece is coiled a spring 101,
whose projecting ends pass on both sides of the flattened horizontal portion of
pawl 98 and so hold it against the wheel 97. A pin 102 (Figure V) projecting
from any portion of the frame of the paper-carriage has its end lying between the
free ends of spring 101, so that one or the other end of the spring will always abut
against said pin when the thumb-piece is raised or depressed thus returning the
thumb-piece to its normal, central position. Another pin or stud 103 on the
horizontal arm 104 of the paper-carriage frame, arrests the upward motion of
the thumb-piece always at a fixed point. It will thereupon be observed, that the
amount of rotation of the platen with each upward movement of the thumb-piece
may be adjusted by causing the pawl 98 to engage with the toothed wheel 97,
sooner or later in its upward movement. To this end a flat cam 105 is pivoted on
the trunnion 39 close to the wheel 97. It projects slightly beyond the periphery
of wheel 97 and lifts the pawl 98 from the teeth thereof for such portion of the
movement of the thumb-piece as may be desired.' The cam has a spring metal

page_text: finger-piece 106 carrying a pin 107 adapted to enter any one of the series of holes
in the segment 10S fixed to the carriage-frame.
While the pawl 93 will engage with the rounded teeth of wheel 97 so as to turn
the platen when the thumb-piece 94 is raised, it will not when the thumb-piece is
in normal position obstruct movement of the wheel in either direction. A hand-
wheel 109 on the trunnion 39 on the left of the platen may therefore be used for
rotating the platen at will, when, either for inserting the paper, or to shift it back
or forth, the regularly intermittent movement afforded by the thumb-piece 94 is not
desirable-
e-or the toothed wheel may be used as a hand-wheel.
The paper-holder is most clearly shown in Figures III and IV. It consists
mainly of two bent spring wire cages 110, 111 fixed respectively to the front and
rear of the paper-carriage. The cage 110 is hung on the bottom of a guide-
plate 112 whose upper edge is fixed to the bar 41. This plate extends from side to
side of the carriage and serves to effectually direct the paper to its curved or rolled
position in the cage. The upper part of the cage 110 has downward extensions 113
and upwardly extending arms 114 to which is hinged a graduated pressure-bar 115.
Links or arms 116 are fixed to the ends of pressure-bar 115 and pivoted
at 117 on horizontal arms 104 of the paper-carriage, said bar being given a pressure
toward the platen by the contractile tension of the spring wire cage. When the
pressure bar is raised to open the cage, the links or arms pass over or just beyond
their centre, and the line of pressure or tension being now immediately over or a
little in front of the pivoted point, the bar is held open by the spring action of
the cage.
The cage 111 at the rear of the platen is hung from bar 41 of the paper-carriage.
It has downwardly extending arms 113 similar to those on cage 110, and like the
latter so disposed as to leave room for the paper to enter.
121 is a rear paper
holding roller having its end pivots held by links 120 pivoted on arms 104
(see Figure XII). From the pivots of the roller 121, a bar 119 (immediately in
rear of the platen) is pendent by arms 122. From this bar the cage 111 hangs by
loops 118. The spring pressure of the cage is constantly downward, and it thus
holds the roller 121 against the platen.
The paper may be inserted on raising the bar 115 till the links 116 stand imme-
diately over or just beyond their centre. The spring wires of the cage will now
hold the cage open, the downward pressure on links 116 being over or in front of
their pivots 117. Sufficient space is thus provided between the bar 115 and the
platen to enable the paper to enter, and it is accordingly slipped into this space, the
side to be written on being toward the operator. The guide 112 causes the paper
to roll itself into position in the cage. The top of the paper is laid over the platen,
face up, its edge inserted under roller 121 and the bar 115 snapped down to liold it
on the platen. The paper may now be written on, shifted and removed by means
which have already been fully described.
While I have thus described the entire machine, in order that its construction
and operation might be fully understood, I would state that I do not claim the
several parts of the machine separately considered, as some of them have been
suggested or used before.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, 'I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a type writing machine, the combination of pivotal type-bars or carriers
moving in vertical planes, having a series of parallel type-blocks lying in substan-
tially one plane, and suitable operating devices for moving said type-blocks to a
common centre, each type-block bearing a plurality of characters; substantially as
hereinbefore set forth.
2. The combination with a transversely moving paper carriage bearing a platen
and paper cages in front and rear of said platen, of type carrier frame and operating
mechanism surrounding said paper carriage except for a space at top for the

page_text: insertion of paper, and comprising operating levers under the carriage-front and
rear supports at suitable distances from the carriage & type-carrier supporting
frames projecting from said supports toward but not to each other, and overhanging
the paper cages; substantially as hereinbefore set forth.
3. The combination of the transversely moving platen with paper cages in front
and rear thereof, key levers extending under the same and two sets of type-carriers
connected to said levers arranged substantially in one horizontal plane, one set on
each side of the platen and projecting over the paper cages and supported at
sufficient distance therefrom to allow free transverse movement of the cages under
the type-carriers, substantially as hereinbefore set forth.
4. The combination of the transversely moving rotary platen carriage, the two
paper cages supported one in front and one in rear thereof, two series of substan-
tially horizontal type-carriers, and two frames whereon said carriers are supported,
the said frames being arranged one in rear and one in front of the platen with
space between for the insertion of paper, and supported from the base and projecting
toward each other over the paper cages, substantially as hereinbefore set forth.
5. In a type-writing machine, the combination of the stationary frame having on
its upper surface a series of radially arranged seats, guides, or bearings, a series of
substantially horizontal type-carrying bars arranged in said guides or bearings on
top of the frame, two series of links pivoted one forward of the other to said type-
carrying bars, and means for operating said bars, whereby they are moved over
their supporting links, first up, and away from their seats or bearings in the frame,
then forward and downward to other seats in the same radial lines, and the type is
brought against the platen, substantially as hereinbefore set forth.
6. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a centrally arranged-trans-
versely moving rotary platen and paper cages, two horizontal stationary frames,
one before and one in rear of said platen, and having a space between them of
sufficient width for the insertion of the paper, and under them and between their
supports for the support of two paper cages, said frames having their upper surfaces
radially grooved from a common point over said platen, and two series of radially
arranged type-carrying bars guided in said grooves and each mounted on two
links, which have a movement on their pivots in the same direction; substantially
as hereinbefore set forth.
7. In a type-writing machine, the combination of the series of type-bars radially
arranged about a common point and each having means of independent operation,
the series of parallel type-blocks lying in substantially one plane and carried by
the said bars, and each having a plurality of characters and means for shifting the
platen and type-blocks one relatively to the other; substantially as hereinbefore
set forth.
8. In a type-writing machine, the combination of the series of parallel type-
blocks all in one plane, the series of radial type-bars having down-turned ends
connected to said type-blocks, and horizontal bends of greater sharpness from the
central to the side bars of the series, each bar being carried by two links mounted,
one forward of the other, on the stationary frame, a transversely moving rotary
platen and a horizontal ink-pad in substantially the same plane as the top of the
platen, substantially as hercinbefore set forth.
9. The combination of the transversely moving rotary platen horizontal ink-pads
on both sides thereof, two series of parallel type-blocks resting in the same plane on
said ink-pads, each having a plurality of characters, two series of radiating type-
bars connected to said blocks, each bar being carried by two links adapted to move
in the same direction and having means of operation; and means for shifting the
platen and type-blocks one relatively to the other, substantially as hereinbefore
set forth.
10. The combination with a type-bar, two links pivoted to said bar and to the
stationary frame so as to move in the same direction, a type-block carried by said
bar and forming therewith and with the nearer link, an arch, a platen, and a cross-
bar having a guide for bearing for said type-bar at such depth as to support the

page_text: centre of the arch when the type-block is against the platen; substantially as
herein before set forth.
11. The combination of the ink-pad and the type-bars or carriers carried by two
links, the inner of said links being bent to clear the adjoining type-block; substan-
tially as herein before set forth.
12. The combination of the stationary frame and the horizontal parallel type-
blocks, ink-pad and pan, the latter having pivots, one at each end, whereby the pad
adjusts itself automatically to parallelism with the types; substantially as herein-
before set forth.
13. The combination of the type-carriers, the link 6, for operating the same,
arms 21 thereon, key-levers and springs 22 and rods 25 both connected to said
arms 21 and to the end of said key-levers, substantially as shown and described.
14. The combination of the key-levers 24, type-carrier operating arms 21, rod 25
pivoted to both arms and key-lever, said arms projecting beyond the pivot of rod 25
thereon and having attached to its outer end one end of a spring, whose other
end is attached to the key-lever; substantially as shown and described.
15. The combination of the spring retracted link 6 having arins 9, rod 29 hung
therefrom, key-levers 24 and floating levers 27 pivoted to both rods 29 and key-
levers 24, and fulcrumed against the stationary frame substantially as shown and
described.
16. The combination of the stationary frame, the transverse girder or cross-
bar (34), having slots and grooves as described, and the key-levers having lugs
projecting through said slots and pins supporting them therein, substantially as
hereinbefore set forth.
17. The combination of a type-carrier, a link connected thereto and a spring
connected thereto such as to overcome the inertia and toggle action of the link at
each extremity of its movement, substantially as hereinbefore set forth.
18. In a type-writing machine, in combination with a type-carrier, a type-carrier
operating lever, and a main retracting spring, a counteracting spring connected with
the type-carrier and opposing the action of the main spring at one extremity of the
movement of the type-carrier and assisting it at the other extremity of the said
movement, substantially as hereinbefore set forth.
19. The combination of a single vertical girder or rail having a single centering
groove in its upper surface, a platen carriage having a corresponding groove on its
under surface, anti-friction rollers in said grooves carrying and guiding said carriage,
and means for steadying said carriage over said vertical girder; substantially as
hereinbefore set forth.
20. The combination of a single track or girder, the carriage supported by loose
ball bearing thereon, the said balls running to opposite grooves in the track and
carriage and holding the carriage to rectilinear movement, and an arm pendent from
said carriage having a projection under said track or girder, whereby the carriage is
held down upon said balls, substantially as hereinbefore set forth.
21. The combination of the track or girder 42 and the paper carriage thereon,
the arm 49 pendent from said paper carriage, the roller 45 and spring roller 46
carried by said arm 49, and engaging the lower edge of said track or girder,
substantially as shown and described.
22. The combination of a series of movable type-blocks cach having a plurality
of type, and a platen arranged to oscillate over fixed pivots and under said type-
blocks, so as to bring one or other of the types thereon into operation, substantially
as herein before set forth.
23. The combination of the paper carriage, the oscillating standards or supports (50)
whereon it is mounted, the key for oscillating said paper carriage and the
series of horizontal type-carriers and blocks having type on their under faces with
keys and levers for operating said type-carriers; substantially as herein before set
forth.
24. The combination of the paper carriage, the transverse pendent rack pivoted
thereon, a fixed and a movable pawl carried by the support of the paper carriage,

page_text: an inclined rock-shaft or bar pivoted on said support, an arm at the upper end of
said rock-shaft or bar, parallel to and having means of engagement with said rack,
an arm at the lower end of said rock-shaft or bar, a series of key-levers, and a
pivoted U-shaped spacer bar arranged under said key-levers and adapted to
operate the lower arm of said rock-shaft or bar, substantially as hereinbefore set.
forth.
25. The combination of the pivotal escapement rack, the rock-shaft, the spacing
bar connected to said rock-shaft and the spring arm carried by said rock-shaft, and
having projections engaging with the lateral faces of said pivotal rack, whereby
said rack may be oscillated on its pivots, the construction of the spring arm being
such as to yield laterally to enable the rack to be entirely disconnected from its
pawls, substantially as hereinbefore set forth.
26. The combination of the escapement rack, the rock-shaft having connection
with the spacing bar, a rigid projection (66) at the upper end of said rock-shaft,
and a spring arm (68) on said rock-shaft in front of said rigid projection and
adapted to engage the escapement rack, substantially as hereinbefore set forth.
27. The combination of the pivotal carriage feed-rack, the slanting rock-shaft or
bar (66), and arm (68) on said shaft parallel to and engaging with the said rack,
an arm (79) on the lower end of said shaft, a pivoted spacing bar having an arm
engaging with the said arm (79), a series of key-levers arranged over said
spacing bar, and a spring for holding the pivotal feed-rack in normal position;
substantially as hereinbefore set forth.
28. The combination of a paper carriage, the feed-rack 63, the spring pawl 83,
the plate 85 carried thereby, the cork sound-deadening stop 86 and the chambered
lug 87 therefor; substantially as shown and described.
29. The combination of the platen having a toothed wheel (97) on one trunnion
thereof, a thumb-piece (94) hung on said trunnion and having a pawl engaging
with said wheel, a fixed stop and a centering spring for supporting said thumb-
piece having its ends projecting on opposite sides of the fixed stop, and a projection
or portion of the thumb-piece whereby said thumb-piece may be either raised or
lowered against the action of said spring and the platen thereby rotated or the
carriage released; substantially as hereinbefore set forth.
30. The combination with the paper carriage, escapement therefor, an arm (96)
connected with said escapement, and thumb-piece (94), a toothed wheel (97) and a
pawl (98), the whole being so constructed and arranged that a depression of
said thumb-piece will free the carriage from escapement, and elevation thereof
will rotate the platen; substantially as hereinbefore set forth.
31. The combination of the toothed wheel 97, thumb-piece 94, pawl 98, centering
spring 101, pin 102, the said spring holding said pawl against its wheel and said
thumb-piece in central position; substantiallyas shown and described.
32. A paper pressure-bar (115), supported on links or arms (116) having fixed.
pivots on the carriage frame in combination with a downward pressing spring
whereby said bar is sprung and held either against or away from the platen when
the said links or arms pass over their centres, substantially as hereinbefore set forth.
33. The combination of the platen, the spring wire cage, pressure bar (115),
connected thereto and the links or arms (116), whereby said bar is supported
from the paper carriage and spring and held either against or away from the
platen, when the said links or arms pass over their centres, substantially as herein-
before set forth.
34. The combination of the paper carriage, having the platen and the rear
spring wire cage (111) and the rear paper pressure roller (121) connected to
the paper carriage by links and pressed against the platen by the spring of the
cage substantially as herein before set forth.
Dated this 19th day of January 1801
H. D. FITZPATRICK,
70, Wellington Street, Glasgow, Agent.