IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON- STRUCTION OF WALLS AND Roofs
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS, PATENT to John Taylor, of No. 6, Whitehall, in the City
of Westminster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF WALLS AND Roofs."
Sealed the 17th October 1873, and dated the 21st April 1873.
.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Taylor at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st April 1873.
I, JOHN TAYLOR, of No. 6, Whitehall, in the City of Westminster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF WALLS AND Roors," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of
walls and roofs.
In order to form a damp proof wall I so construct the wall that the
outer and inner faces are separated by "slates overlapping each other,
supported upon iron ties which connect together the two faces of the
wall.

page_text: I commence by building the inside portion of the wall and at a
distance of little more than one-inch I build the outside portion all
one course higher. I then set the iron ties at a suitable distance apart
to support the ends of the slates. I then build the inside portion of
the wall three courses higher, and upon the iron ties I set a course of
roofing slates on edge throughout the length of the wall, and lapping
vertically. The slates then rest against the inside portion of the wall and
project above it, so as to afford sufficient lap with those which will be
fixed above. The outside portion of the wall I then build up to the
height of the inside and lay upon the two walls over the centre of
each slate another row of iron ties, and so the work is continued.
The ties are of hoop iron and are so formed as to pass horizontally
through the thickness of the outside portion of the wall, then they are
bent upwards and downwards so as to bridge over the slates, and after-
wards they pass horizontally through the thickness of the inside portion
of the wall.
It will thus be seen that the course of slates break joint with each
other.
The outside portion of a wall may be built with stone, flint, rubble
work, or any other suitable material.
In building a wall with concrete I place the course of slates as first
described, and at once set the irons upon them where they lap. This
secures them together and the ends of the irons strut them against the
wooden case or mould formed to receive the concrete; the concrete is
then filled in on each side of the slates the irons acting as chains and
ties as before.
In some cases I employ timber in forming walls. I erect a timber
frame and cover it with boards which are grooved or ploughed upon the
edges. In placing and fixing the boards I cause the grooves to
interlock, the side of one groove; entering as a tongue into the hollow
of the other, in this way a perfectly weather-tight structure may be
made.
I sometimes fill up between the uprights of the frame, with concrete,
or the frame may be lathed and plastered on the inner side, I also cover
roofs with grooved boards in the manner described.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Taylor in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 18th October 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
TAYLOR, of No. 6, Whitehall, in the City of Westminster, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said John Taylor, Her special licence,
that I, the said John Taylor, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said John Taylor, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF WALLS AND Roors," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said John Taylor, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Taylor, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, that is to say:
_
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of
walls and roofs.
In order to form a damp proof wall I so 'construct the wall that the
outer and inner faces are separated by slates overlapping each other
supported upon iron ties which connect together the two faces of the
wall.

page_text: I commence by building the inside portion of the wall and at a
distance of little more than one inch I build the outside portion all one
course high. I then set the iron ties at a suitable distance apart to
support the ends of the slates. I then build the inside portion of the
wall three courses higher and upon the iron ties I set a course of roofing
slates on edge throughout the length of the wall and lapping vertically.
The slates then rest against the inside portion of the wall and project
above it, so as to afford sufficient lap with those which will be fixed
above. The outside portion of the wall I then build up to the height of
the inside, and lay upon the two walls over the centre of each slate
another row of iron ties, and so the work is continued.
The ties are of hoop iron, and are so formed as to pass horizontally
through the thickness of the outside portion of the wall, then they are
bent upwards and downwards, so as to bridge over the slates and after-
wards they pass horizontally through the thickness of the inside portion
of the wall.
It will thus be seen that the course of slates break joint with each
other.
The outside portion of a wall may be built with stone, flint, rubble
work, or any other suitable material.
In building a wall with concrete I place the course of slates as first
described, and at once set the irons upon them where they lap. This
secures them together and the ends of the irons shut them against the
wooden case or mould formed to receive the concrete. The concrete
is then filled in on each side of the slates the irons acting as chairs and
ties as before.
In some cases I employ timber in forming walls. I erect a timber
frame and cover it with boards which are grooved or ploughed upon
the edges. In placing and fixing the boards. I cause the grooves to
interlock the side of one groove, entering as a tongue into the hollow
of the other; in this way a perfectly weather-tight structure may be
made..
I sometimes fill up between the uprights of the frame with concrete,
or. the frame may be lathed and plastered on the inner side; I also cover
roofs with grooved boards in the manner described.
"
Fig. 1 represents a plan of the inside portion of a wall of bricks, and
the outside portion of burrs, with a narrow space between them; A, A, are