IMPROVEMENTS - IN EXHAUST OR BLAST FANS OR VENTILATORS AND ALSO IN THE APPLI- CATION OF SUCH MEANS FOR MOVING LARGE VOLUMES OF AIR OR OTHER FLUIDS " SP
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Mario Capell of Passenham in the County of
Northampton Clerk in Holy Orders for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
- IN EXHAUST OR BLAST FANS OR VENTILATORS AND ALSO IN THE APPLI-
CATION OF SUCH MEANS FOR MOVING LARGE VOLUMES OF AIR OR OTHER
FLUIDS
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Marie Capell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd June 1883.
GEORGE MARIE CAPELL of Passenham in the County of Northampton Clerk
in Holy Orders, "IMPROVEMENTS IN EXHAUST. OR BLAST FANS OR VENTILATORS
AND ALSO IN THE APPLICATION OF SUCH MEANS FOR MOVING LARGE VOLUMES OF
AIR OR OTHER FLUIDS."
This invention has for its object improvements in exhaust or blast fans or.
ventilators and also in the application of such means for moving large volumes of
air or other fluids and consists in an extension of my former Patent N° 3130
A.D. 1882 which set forth the adaptation of inner wings or collectors in combi-
nation with outer or delivering blades of the usual form. Now according to this
invention I still retain these inner wing collectors which deliver air at right angles
to the centre and instead of the outer wings as heretofore I employ a disc on the
one side of such cylinder and on the face of this disc I mount curved plates,
buckets, or collectors, on to the side of this from which the cylinder protrudes so
that the currents of air induced by the buckets on the periphery and discharged
by the wings in the centre are passed into the tube or passage through which the
air is discharged or propelled.
In one case the air may be collected by the outer wings by a scooping or
mechanical action in which case the buckets will be placed on the opposite side of
the disc to that occupied by the central collecting cylinder. The opening to the
central cylinder will then be the same side as the collectors or buckets.
In the other case where the air is collected by the outer buckets on the system
of suction the buckets are on the same side of the disc as the port holes of the
collecting cylinder the outlet being on the opposite side.

page_text: In some cases the delivering blades or collectors may be mounted on the opposite
side to that of the collecting cylinder.
The air gathered and passed through port holes of the cylinder is directed to the
outer bucket or vacuum chambers on the opposite side of the disc and there
discharged at pressure.
The said buckets may be formed of the discs and shielded around the periphery
by an annular flange which may be sloped or shaped so as not to interfere with the
action of the buckets. In this case the air is directed from the collectors into a
cylindrical vacuum chamber which may advantageously be conical or curved in
section or iu some cases may be of the same depth as the collecting cylinder.
I would have it understood that I may also use the said collectors in combination
with outer blades of a propeller like or other shape or shapes.
In some cases I-employ a centre with an annular vacuum chamber to receive its
discharge and alongside it I place a second chamber of the same capacity and form
containing diagonal divisions which may be segmental or straight.
The sides of the chamber will be open and each of the two chambers will
revolve in opposite directions so that the air collected by the inner cylinder will
be thrown off diagonally to the side by the action of the second and external air
propellor.
In order to prevent the possibility of slip I sometimes make the port holes and
the collectors diagonally to the axis thus procuring a better hold on the air where
great suction or high pressure blast is required.
I also in some cases make the collecting wings to meet on a central boss thus
forming by their junction, separate chambers each communicating with their
respective port holes.
In blast or exhaust fans of the construction of my former patent N° 8130
A.D. 1882, or of the present modifications, I propose to use in some cases a dividing
disc attached to the boss placed centrally in the collecting fans.
The blades may be formed to their proper curve, reaching to the boss of a single
casting which is inserted into a cylinder containing the port holes and carrying the
outer wings in the single action fan, or independent of the outer wings as in the
double action fan described in my former Patent before referred to.
In small fans this centre with wings dividing disc and boss, may be of cast
metal, or other suitablo substances or it may be of wrought metal in large fans.
In blast fans to prevent a circular motion of the air in the fan where the case
is of larger diameter than the fan, I employ a stop near the outlet and covering
the space between two blades or it may be more as desired.
The effect of this stop is that all air discharged from the fan between the rear
of the stop and the outlet is delivered by pressure and is unable to assume a
rotatory motion.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said George Marie Capell in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
22nd December 1883.
GEORGE MARIE CAPELL, of Passenham in the County of Northampton, Clerk
in Holy Orders "IMPROVEMENTS IN EXHAUST OR BLAST FANS OR VENTILATORS
AND ALSO IN THE APPLICATION OF SUCH MEANS FOR MOVING LARGE VOLUMES OF
AIR OR OTHER FLUIDS "
My invention has for its object, improvements in exhaust or blast fans or
ventilators, and also in the applications of such means for moving large volumes
of air or other fluids, and consists in an extension of my former Patent N° 3130
A.D. 1882, which set forth the adaptation of inner wings or collectors in
combination with outer or delivering blades of the usual form. Now according to
this invention, I still retain these inner wing collectors, which deliver air at right
angles to the centre, and instead of the outer wings as heretofore, I employ a disc
on the one side of such cylinder, and on the face of this disc I mount curved
plates, buckets or collectors on the side of this from which the cylinder protrudes,
so that the currents of air induced by the buckets on the periphery, and discharged
by the wings in the centro, are passed into the tube or passage through which the
air is discharged or propelled.
In the accompanying Drawings which are to be read with my Specification, like
parts are marked throughout with the same reference letter.
The direction of rotation, and of air currents is indicated by arrows.
Figure 1 is a front elevation and Figure 2 a side elevation shewing my invention
in one of the forms in which I have made and worked it. The case of the fan is
omitted. I find that the fan made and shewn in these Figures is exceedingly
efficient as a feeder to the inlet of blast fans as used for cupola smelting, or other
purposes requiring high pressure, preventing the blow-out-air at the inlet, where
the fan is working against high resistance.
The central collecting cylinder A has ports B. B. formed in it, furnished with
curved wings C. C. dipping from the cylinder towards the axis or meeting on a
central boss-I prefer that the radius of these wings should be the same as that
of the cylinder, inasmuch as I find that this construction yields the best results.
I sometimes continue these wings to the boss, or nave, of the fan for the purpose
of securing additional strength when a blast of high pressure or velocity is
required. In some cases the inner blades may be straight and bisecting the points
described by the aforesaid radius. D is a disc carrying wings or blades E. E. and
baving formed in it ports F. F. The lines of origin and of the tips of these wings,
as well as the lines forming the sides of the ports, are always radial to the common
centre. The radius of the wings E. E. is the same as that of the cylinder A.
G is a scalloped peripheral band, forming with the wings, collectors or buckets
H. H. which lead the air through the ports to the opposite or cylinder-side of the
disc. The inner edges e. e. of the wings may or may not be continued till they
meet the cylinder.
Figure 3 shows in front elevation and Figure 4 in sido elevation another
construction of port and bucket. The latter may be made as indicated by the
dotted lines.
The currents of air from the port holes in the disc and cylinder are thus
discharged on the same side of the disc into the place where it is desired to conduct
them. The cylinder has one end I (that opposite to the disc) closed and a boss, or
nave, J thereon. It may also have, in the case of large and consequently heavy

page_text: fans, a second boss, and arms springing therefrom to join the disc. These arms
are at an angle with the vertical plane in such a way that they will assist to
"cut in " the air towards the interior of the cylinder.
Although the ports of the cylinder are closely contiguous to those of the disc,
I may according to my Invention, separate them by any required distance, when
circumstances may render such a construction desirable, provided that both cylinder
and disc are rotated on a common shaft. This distance is always made up with
plain cylinder,
I find that in disc fans of my Invention, six port holes with wings in the
cylinder, and eight port holes with corresponding buckets in the disc, give the best
results, but these numbers may be varied as may be necessary.
Figure 5 shews in front, and Figure 6 in side elevation, my improved fan with
the buckets on the cylinder side of the-disc.
The cylinder and disc, with the port holes, wings and buckets illustrated
therein, are of the same construction as those shewn on Sheet 1 and described
above.
Figure 7 is a side elevation, partly in section, of a bucket or collector, looking
into its cavity Figure 8 is a front elevation shewing the bucket, with the port
behind it in dotted lines. Figure 9 is another construction of port hole with a
segmental bucket, in which both port hole and bucket are struck with the same
radius as the central cylinder of the fan. The rear edge h of this segmental bucket
meets a diameter where the latter cuts the circumference of the disc (as indicated
by the dotted line) the port hole being moved slightly behind the inner edge of
the bucket.
In my fans, where disc buckets work by exhaust, I find that the construction of
the ports in the disc may be different from that shewn in Figures 5 and 0. The
construction adapted for use with the last mentioned construction of fan is shown
in Figures 10 and 11 in which the port holes are inclined. The leading edge of
any port is parallel with a diameter, and the rear edge is set at an acute angle with
said diameter as indicated by the dotted lines.
The wing buckets H, H, may have their leading and rear edges parallel with
the corresponding edges of the port holes, but in some cases the top edge of the
tip h, h, is prolonged along the line of the peripheral band, to the point of inter-
section of a diameter with the line of said band, such prolongation in no case
exceeding the distance between the leading edge of one port hole and the junction
of the preceeding wing with the disc.
I find that with my improved fan, constructed as last described, so that tho
current is an induced one, that is, produced by suction, I attain a result twice as
great as when the fan collects the air by a scooping action.
The wing buckets and the scalloped peripheral band are on the same side of the
disc as the collecting cylinder A. The construction of the port holes in the discs
of my induction fans will vary according to the requirements of the case. Thus,
if a high pressure blast or exhaust is required, the port holes will be placed further
from the collecting cylinder, leaving a broader annular band on the disc between
the buckets and the body of the cylinder. The outer and inner edges of the port
holes are drawn from the common centre.
In some cases I construct the wing bucket like a hood, following, as to its outer
edge h, h, the curve of the disc, the inner edge h² being nearly straight or, as it
were, part of a chord of an arc of the circle of the disc-see Figures 12, 13 and 14.
continue the top corner of the rear edge, ³, of the hood or bucket, where it joins
the disc, so that a diameter meeting the said edge will be slightly in advance of
the bottom corner, 4, of the same edge. The hood, too, has a mouth constructed
with its outer angle, h, thrown upwards beyond the circumference of the disc-A
rotatory motion is thereby communicated to the departing air. The hoods as last
described discharge the double functions of the buckets and band shewn in
Figures 2 and 6.
Figure 15 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 16 a side elevation (with half of

page_text: the case removed to shew the internal construction) of a fan suitable for giving
high pressure and for feeding inlets of high pressure blast fans, or for general
purposes of moving air.
The collecting cylinder A discharges into a vacuum chamber L from which the
air is exhausted through ports F, F, by the outer wings N, N. The side of the
vacuum chamber is of the same radius as the body of the cylinder, said chamber
connecting the cylinder to the disc D. The cylinder A is furnished with port
holes B and wings C as before described. The wings N, N, are secured at their
leading edges n, n, to the disc D.
Figure 17 is a front and Figure 18 a side elevation of a construction of my
improved fan, with the port holes and wings diagonal to the axis, thus giving
them a better grip on the air, where high velocity or pressure of blast is required..
Figure 19 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 20 a transverse sectional elevation
of another construction of my improved fan. The inner wings or blades Care
continued to the boss thus forming a strong base on which to build a high pressure
blast fan. This base is narrower than the width of the inner wings and curved
as shewn at y, y, that the currents of air drawn in at either side may be directed
from the centre towards the port holes-And it is obvious that instead of the
inner wings C, C, forming arms that connect boss and cylinder, they may be cast
on the opposite sides of a dividing disc, thus separating the two air currents
entering the opposite port holes, as illustrated in Figure 21 and described there-
with. The outer wings N, N, may be of sheet or cast metal or other material,
and are secured to the side flanges by rivets and angle irons, and to the cylinder,
at projections a, a cast therewith.
Figures 21 and 22 illustrate the former in side sectional elevation, taken on
the line A B of Figure 22, and the latter in sectional front elevation, another.
construction of my improved fan. In this particular fan the disc D is of the same
diameter as the fau, and is mounted on the shaft by a coupling boss K. The
construction of this fan allows it to be made of sheet metal, thereby securing
comparative lightness. I propose using narrow outer wings, a, x, x, corresponding
with the shape of the outer wings on each side, to prevent the air drawing down
to the junction between the inlet and the case.
Figure 23 is a front elevation, and Figure 24 a side elevation partly in section,
shewing a method of mounting any of my improved fans as a ventilating fan in
the wall of a building, or to the face of a mine drift.
Figures 25 and 26 are perspective views of the fan illustrated in Figure 24.
In fans with concentric cases the use of a stop, projecting from the inside of the
case and covering the space between two wings, is useful for preventing a circular
motion of the air, thereby increasing the force of the blast.
I claim
First. In an exhaust or blast fan or fan wheel, the construction of a collecting
cylinder closed at one end, and provided with port holes and wings joining the
edge on one side of the port holes, and dipping towards or meeting at the centre
or boss the curve of said blades, corresponding or nearly so with the radius of the
cylinder in which the ports are formed, or when such blades are straight, the angle
may be determined by bisecting the points formed, as in the case of radial blades,
substantially as and for the purposes herein described and illustrated.
Second. In an exhaust or blast fan or fan wheel, the employment of a disc
provided with port holes, bucket wings and scalloped peripheral band for
collecting or inducing currents of air, substantially as and for the purposes herein
described and illustrated.
Third. In exhaust or blast fans or fan wheels of the herein described con-
struction, the combination with the collecting cylinder, of a disc provided with
ports and bucket wings on the same side as the collecting cylinder, for inducing
currents of air as berein set forth and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Fourth. In exhaust or blast fans or fan wheels of the herein described con-
struction, the combination with the collecting cylinder, of a disc provided with

page_text: ports and bucket wings on the opposite side to the collecting cylinder, substantially
as set forth and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Fifth. The various forms of ports and bucket wings or collectors or any mere
modification thereof as applied to a disc fan, substantially as described and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Sixth. In fan cylinders having port holes and inner collecting blades, the
employment of a disc on one or either side, and provided with ports and wings of
a radius approaching or equal to that of the cylinder, and corresponding in action
to the outer blades of my former Patent N° 3130 A.D. 1882, and substantially as
described and illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Seventh. The combination with a collecting cylinder and disc, of an annular
-chamber connecting the port holes in the cylinder with those of the disc,
substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Eighth. In fans of the construction described in my former Patent N° 3130 A.D.
1882, the mounting of the blades and port holes diagonally to the axis, to secure
greater hold upon the air, substantially as described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.
Ninth. The employment in fan wheels provided with a cylinder or ring and
having outer and inner blades and double inlets, of a dividing disc either for the
outer or the inner set of blades or both, as may be desired and as herein set forth
with reference to the accompanying drawings.
- Tenth. The employment of a fan of any of my-herein described and illustrated
constructions discharging through port holes-from one set of blades to another, or
for feeding the inlets of large fans, as set forth.
Eleventh. The general constructional arrangements of fan wheels for the purposes
described and as illustrated.in.the accompanying drawings.
In witness whereof I the said Goorge Marie Capell have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Nineteenth day of December in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty three.
ALDETE
Witness
JAS FRED
PHILLIPS
of the firm of
Phillips & Leigh, Patent Agents
22 Southampton Buildings, W.C.
GM CAPELL