IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR CUTTING OR REDUCING TURNIPS OR OTHER ROOTS AS FOOD FOR ANIMALS
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Shaw, of Junction Implement Works, New
Wortley, Leeds, Implement Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINES FOR CUTTING OR REDUCING TURNIPS OR OTHER ROOTS AS FOOD
FOR ANIMALS."
Sealed the 26th January 1864, and dated the 28th August 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Shaw at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
August 1863.
I, JOHN SHAW, of Junction Implement Works, New Wortley, Leeds,
Implement Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR CUTTING OR REDUCING TURNIPS OR OTHER. ROOTS
AS FOOD FOR ANIMALS," to be as follows:-
My improvements have reference to machines which have the knives or
cutters arranged on cylinders or barrels, and more particularly to those on
Gardner's principle, and consist, firstly, in applying a cover in such manner as
to protect the cylinder and knives from rain, hail, or snow, when the machine
is out of doors, and from dust and dirt when in buildings. I propose to make
the cover of timber, to hinge it to one end of the receiving hopper of the
machine, and to arrange it in the hopper in a sloping position over the
cylinder, so as to pass off rain or snow through the grating of the hopper and
clear of the cylinder and knives. The cover may be locked to the hopper, so
as to prevent unauthorized persons from working the machine or getting at
the knives. Any other known material or mode of fastening may be adopted,
but I prefer the above.

page_text: With respect to my second improvement, I premise that in double-action
machines, which are used for cutting the roots into two sizes by turning the
cylinder in opposite directions, two series of cranked knives arranged on the
step-by-step or Gardner's principle are used for cutting pieces in one direction,
and two slicing blades (each of which reaches from one end of the cylinder to
the other end) have been used for cutting pieces in the other direction. In
place of these two slicing blades I substitute two other series of cranked
knives, arranged on the step-by-step or Gardner's principle, their cutting edges
being placed in the opposite direction to those of the two first-named series.
By this mode each. piece of root which passes through the cylinder will have
been cut by a. separate knife in whichever direction the cylinder be caused to
revolve.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Shaw in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 24th
February '1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
SHAW, of New Wortley, Leeds, in the County of York, Implement Manu-
facturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most- Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her. heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said John Shaw, Her special licence that I, the said John
Shaw, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the.
said John Shaw, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with,, and no others, from time to time and all times thereafter.
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exer-
cise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES
FOR CUTTING OR REDUCING TURNIPS OR OTHER ROOTS AS FOOD FOR ANIMALS," upon.
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Shaw, iny executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar.
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Shaw, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be:
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My improvements have reference to machines which have the knives or
cutters ranged on cylinders or- barrels, and more particularly to those on
Gardner's principle, and consist, firstly, in applying a cover in such manner as:
to protect the cylinder and knives from rain, hail, or snow, when the machine
is out of doors, and from dust and dirt when in buildings. I propose to make
the cover of timber, to hinge it to one end of. the receiving hopper of the
machine, and to arrange it in the hopper in a sloping position over the cylinder:
so as to pass off rain and snow. through the grating of the hopper and clear
of the cylinder and knives. The cover may be locked to the hopper, so as
to prevent unauthorized persons from working the machine or getting at the:
knives. Any other known material or mode of fastening may be adopted, but:
I prefer the above.
With respect to my second improvement, I premise that in double-action-
machines, which are used for cutting the roots into two sizes by turning the
cylinder in opposite directions, two series of cranked knives, arranged on the
step-by-step principle, are used for cutting pieces in one direction, and two
slicing blades, each of which reaches from one end of the cylinder to the other
end, have been used for cutting pieces in the other direction. In place of
these two slicing blades I substitute two other series of cranked knives,
arranged on the step-by-step or Gardner's principle, their cutting edges being
placed in the opposite direction to those of the two first-named series.. By
this mode each piece of root which passes through the cylinder will have
been cut by a separate knife in whichever direction the cylinder be caused to
revolve.
:
In the annexed Drawing Figures 1 and 2 represent the plan (or top view)
and longitudinal section respectively of those portions of a root-cutting
machine which enclose the cylinder or barrel on which the cutters or knives
are fixed, and also represent my cover. The letters which are alike in both
these views have reference to the same parts.
A, in Fig. 2, is the cylinder with one series of knives, each marked a, fixed
on; B is the receiving hopper, the parts marked 6 being the grated portion,
and parts 6, 6, and 6, being the sides of said hopper; C is the cover (over
the cylinder) hinged to the receiving hopper at c, and sloping down to the
grated portion at c', where a hasp passes through the bars and is secured by a
padlock when the machine is not being worked. The cover represented is of

page_text: sheet iron; it fits the receiving hopper closely; the edges at the sides c", c,
are turned up so as to give, strength, and also, to form channels to carry the
water from the hopper sides. It will be obvious that this cover may be
arranged in various positions to effect the same object without deviating from
the principle herein described. The dotted portion D shows the cover in its
position when the machine is being used. E is a portion of the framing or
stand in which the cylinder revolves....
Figures 3 and 4 are the end view and plan view respectively of the cylinder
of a root-cutting machine taken out of the frame; they are shewn on a larger
scale than the preceding. Figs. . The same. parts in both views are indicated
by similarity of letters.
F and F' are the two series of cranked knives hitherto, used, and their
cutting edges' travel in the direction indicated by the arrows ff;. G and G
are the two other series of cranked knives which I substitute in place. of the
slicing blades hitherto used in double-action machines; their cutting edges g
travel in the direction indicated by the arrow g'; these knives are fastened to
steps of the cylinder by bolts at the places marked h, in the same manner as
Gardner's cranked knives usually are, and the number may be greater or less
than shewn in the Drawing.'...
In witness whereof, I, the said John Shaw, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-second day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
Witness,
JOHN DEW..
JOHN SHAW. (L.S.)