Year: 1888

page_text: I, HENRI ADOLPHE BRISSARD, of 95 Boulevard Beaumarchais, Paris, France, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be' particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement
This invention relates to machines of the kind or class described in the specification
of former Letters Patent No. 1756 A.D. 1879 May 3rd for ruling paper.
In order to enable the arrangements and operation of the improved machine to be
better understood I will briefly state the general arrangement of the machine
and describe the novel features which I desire to claim in a more complete
manner.
In the accompanying drawings.
Figure 1 shows a side elevation of the machine for ruling paper on both sides at
a single operation for which purpose the said machine comprises two drums or
cylinders arranged obliquely one above the other.
Figure 2 represents a longitudinal section of the same.
Figure 3 is a detail of the improved ink trough.
Figure shows a detail of the driving and regulating device for the forks
on the left hand side which receive the journals of the ruling apparatus.
Figure 5 represents the disengaging mechanism for the ruling apparatus, arranged
on the right hand side of the machine.
Figure 6 shows a detail of the mechanism for automatically regulating the height
of the paper table.
Figure 7 is an elevation showing a general arrangement of a modified form of
machine designed for ruling with a single cylinder and special arrangements
therefor.
Figure 8 represents a longitudinal section of the same.
Figure 9 is a detail of the mechanism for actuating the ruling device.

page_text: Figure 10 shows a section of the drum or cylinder with gearing for actuating
the same, and also the arrangement of cams for causing the interruptions of the
ruling devices.
Figure 11 is a section showing in detail the mechanism for conveying the paper
to the cylinder or drum.
Referring to the arrangement shown in figures 1 and 2, the machine. comprises a
movable table carrying the sheets of paper to be ruled and having, on the one hand, a
feed mechanism designed to push the sheets one by one towards the conveying rollers,
and on the other hand the mechanism for automatically regulating the height of the
table which rises gradually in proportion as the number of sheets of paper diminishes.
This latter mechanism is entirely new and is of the greatest importance for obtaining
the efficient operation of the feeder.
The said invention also comprises the rollers or drums for conveying the paper, the
ruling devices with their ink troughs, and disengaging mechanism for obtaining the
interruptions of the operation of the said ruling devices and also a table for receiving
the ruled paper..
.
All these parts are arranged upon the same frame A. The movable table B which
receives the paper to he ruled is carried by two supports B₁ provided with racks and
sliding vertically in guides, the said rack gearing with a pinion C which forms part of
wheelwork actuated through the medium of the ratchet wheel D and pawl D¹ by
means of a cami E.
As the said cam E actuates the pawl D which imparts motion to the device for
raising the table, and as it is necessary that the level of the paper placed upon the
said table shall always be the same in order to enable the feed mechanism to operate
effectually, I have devised a regulating apparatus which automatically stops the action
of the pawl D upon the ratchet wheel, as soon as the table has been raised sufficiently
and which gives it freedom of action as soon as the level of the paper has become
too low.
This apparatus for regulating the height of the paper is constructed substantially as
follows, that is to say, a rod F provided at its extremity with a roller F¹ is fitted in
the socket G of a lever G¹ pivoted at G". A counterweight F which can be
displaced upon the rod F enables the pressure of the roller F upon the paper to
be varied.
At its lower extremity the lever G¹ is connected, through the medium of a rod H
the length of which can be adjusted, with a bell crank lever I which is fitted loosely
upon the shaft of the ratchet wheel D. The bell crank lever I is provided with a thin
metal plate J bent to a circular form so that its centre of curvature coincides with
the centre of the wheel D. This plate J fits upon the ratchet wheel D.
The operation of this regulating device is as follows.
The roller F1 bear's upon the top of the paper.
When the level of the latter is not
high enough, the various parts are in the position shown in Figures 1, 2 and 6.
The pawl I can freely engage with the teeth of the ratchet D, to raise the table B.
At the same time as the table rises the rod F follows its movement, the said rod turns
the lever G which moves the connecting rod II to the right hand side and turns the
bell-crank lever I thereby placing the circular plate J between the ratchet wheel D and
pawl D. The said pawl D¹ is thus separated from the ratchet D; it still continues its
to-and-fro movement without however effecting any transmission of motion to the
table because it slides upon the plate J. The said table B therefore discontinues
to rise.
When so much paper has been used that its level is thereby sufficiently reduced
the roller F, as will be understood will descend, and the rod F will move the
lever G, connecting rod H, bell-crank lever I and plate J in the opposite
direction.
The pawl D will therefore again engage with the teeth of the ratchet wheel D, and
the table will rise until it has reached the desired level. At this moment the plate J
is again interposed. between the pawl and ratchet-wheel, as above described.
The feeding device always operates in the same manner; it comprises two vertical

page_text: rods KK held at their lower ends by an angular part capable of sliding in grooves
formed for this purpose on the table B and by means of thumbscrews. The said rods
each receive a slide carrying a point K which exerts pressure upon the edge of
the paper and allows the sheets to escape only one at a time.
The feeder is formed of a rod L guided in a support L" and terminating in two
arms provided with rubbers L'; this rod is operated through the medium of an
eccentric M keyed upon the shaft O, and two levers M M and eccentric M. In
the to-and-fro movement of the eccentric Al and its rod a forward and backward
motion is imparted to the feeder.
In order that the feeder shall not act upon the paper in the backward motion, a
lever N actuated by a second eccentric keyed upon the shaft O raises the rod L
through the medium of the lever N. A handle P serves to disengage the feeder
when it is desired to discontinue the automatic feed of the paper.
Having described the automatic feed of the machine, I will now explain the
operation of the ruling-devices.
As above stated, the ruling devices comprise two conveying drums or cylinders Q. R
combined with a system of endless thread or cord S pressing the sheets against the
drums or cylinders and with the rulers proper formed of rollers T provided with
suitably arranged discs which rule the front and back side of the paper. These
rollers turn tangentially with ink rollers U placed in an ink trough (Figures 3, 4
and 5). The rollers are arranged in arms V which are enabled by cams W
actuated by hand to be displaced so as to remove the rulers from the drums or
cylinders and discontinue the ruling. Blotting rollers T¹ provided with a spring,
are designed to sponge the splashes. These various arrangements are usually
employed in my machine. However, I have made some modifications which 1
will hereinafter describe.
The operation of the ink rollers is effected by gear wheels (Figure 4). On the
left hand side of the drums or cylinders is arranged for this purpose a toothed
wheel gearing with intermediate pinions U which actuate in turn another
pinion U keyed upon the shaft of the ink-roller.
The improved ink-troughs are arranged for suitably distributing the ink upon the
ink roller U. (Figure 3).
Upon the edge of the ink trough is arranged a scraper Y sliding upon the roller U.
This scraper is held upon a support which fits upon the edge of the ink trough.
Upon this support, which is recessed to prevent the ink from rising by capillarity,
is arranged a slide Y" which, by means of a pressing screw Z, enables the position
of the guide 7 which contains the scraper of flannel or other suitable substance to
be adjusted. The band of flannel is pressed between two plates by a pressing bolt.
It will be understood that under these conditions the pressure of the rubber upon the
roller U can be varied in order to regulate the quantity of ink which is to be allowed.
to pass upon the roller.
.
In order that the lowest of the ruling-rollers which act against the upper drum or
cylinder R shall be of the same length as the others and that they shall all be enabled
to be put one in the place of the other I have devised gearing which will automati-
cally effect the lifting of this lower roller in order to make the interruption by means
of a cam placed upon the shaft O and a lever a on the outside of the frame A (see
Figure 4).
The lever a is provided at its lower part with a roller which rolls against a cam c.
This lever a is secured at its upper part upon a shaft d which passes through a
prolongation cast upon a semi-circular piece e which is fixed to the frame and serves
as a support for the dram or cylinder R.
Upon the shaft d is keyed a lever d¹ which through the medium of a small con-
necting rod or link d", and another lever d¹¹ keyed upon the shaft of the support or
arm Vactuates the aforesaid support or arm.
Under these conditions the apparatus operates in the following manner. Each time
when the lever a is pushed by the cam c the extremity of the short lever d¹ is
lowered and draws the lever di which removes the ruling-roller from the drum or

page_text: cylinder R and causes an interruption of the ruling. As soon as the large part of
the cam has passed the roller the lever a by its weight, and if necessary by a spring
returns to its original position and thus causes the ruling roller to bear again upon
the drum or cylinder.
The paper on
leaving the ruling apparatus which effect the ruling is conveyed upon
the thread or cord s to the table which collects it.
My improved ruling machine comprises two drums or cylinders QR in order to
enable the front and back side of the paper to be ruled. If only one side of the paper
is to be ruled, it is sufficient to move back all the ruling-devices of the second drum
or cylinder. If necessary 1 construct machines having a single drum or cylinder
when the ruling for which this machine is designed must be on one side of the paper
only.
The paper of books is usually ruled on its two sides, at right angles to each other.
In order to effect this ruling with the above described machine it is necessary to
have two successive passages, one for ruling for example the lines designed to
guide the writing, and the other for producing simple and double lives forming the
columns.
I can effect this by combining two similar machines to effect the perpendicular
ruling upon the front and back side directly in a single passage.
If the machines are placed end to end I arrange the table, which receives the
paper ruled by the first machine, in a horizontal position. In this table are formed
perforations in which I insert two wheels, one of which is conical and the other
truncated but having the same angle at the top. The periphery of one of these
wheels is flush with the level of the table, the said wheels turn with the same angular
velocity. Above these two wheels are two similar wheels which by suitable
mechanical means can be raised or lowered tangentially to those arranged in the
table.
As each sheet arrives upon the table it is taken between the conical wheels and
it receives a rotary movement in the plane of the table of one quarter of a turn.
This rotation having terminated, feeders similar to those above described seize the
sheet and push it into the following machine which rules it perpendicularly to the
direction of the lines obtained by the first machine.
If in lieu of placing the two machines end to end, they are arranged perpendicular
to each other and against the table f placed horizontally, the conical rollers which
cause the sheets to turn one quarter of a revolution are not necessary, in this case
the sheet would be in the proper position relatively to the second machine, in order to
be ruled perpendicularly to the first lines.
Referring to the modification of my ruling machine represented in Figures 7, 8, 9
and 10 in which the parts which are similar or analogous to those of the machine
above described have been indicated by the same letters of reference so that the
description of the same can be followed by referring to the first part of the
specification.
I will not therefore here describe the parts which automatically regulate the
level of the table, nor those which serve to push the paper for the feed of the
machine, as they are similar to those which have been described and which fulfill
the same end in the machine previously described.
The feed of the machine represented in Figure 7, 8 and 11 comprises a special
supplementary arrangement which ensures a free rectilineal push of the sheets
of paper so that the sheets do not deviate but remain quite parallel to the direction of
their movement..
Against the movable table B is arranged a fixed tablet g the front part of which is
made of wood and the other half of metal.
The height of the paper placed upon the table B must always correspond with that
of the surface of the tablet g.
Against the tablet y are fixed lateral supports h carrying a rule ¹ extending over
the entire width of the machine.
Upon this rule are placed springs " arranged at certain distances apart and which

page_text: have for their object to maintain the paper against the tablet and prevent it from
rising at the moment when the stop rule for the sheets which will hereinafter be
described rises.
In the tablet y are provided openings to receive a roller for conveying the paper,
the periphery of the said roller being flush with the tablet g. This roller is actuated
through the medium of a train of gear wheels composed of the toothed wheels.
Above this roller other pressing rollers can rise or descend, the said rollers
engage when they are lowered between the springs. These movable rollers are
loose upon a shaft arranged at the extremity of levers k. The latter are fixed
upon a transverse shaft carrying at one of its extremities a bent lever { termi-
nating in a pin or stud which is capable of sliding in the slot of a connecting rod m
operated by the crank m².
The crank m' is keyed upon the driving shaft of the machine in such a manner
that the rollers descend against the roller i at the moment when a sheet of
paper has been conveyed upon this roller by the pusher, as will hereinafter be
described.
In order to move the sheets to an accurate position against the printing parts of
the ruling device, I use the following arrangement,
A rule n arranged at the rear extremity of the tablet serves as a stop for the paper.
This rule is so constructed that it projects below the surface of the tablet g at definite
moments and is lowered at other moments to let the sheets of paper pass.
For this purpose the stop is arranged upon a bent lever carrying at its lower
extremity a roller n" and capable of turning freely upon a fixed shaft The lever,
by reason of its own weight or a spring if necessary, will continually bear against a
cam n keyed upon the driving shaft of the machine.
The keying of the cam n upon the driving shaft and its peripheral form are such
as to lift the stop n against the tablet g at the proper moment.
The feed of the machine by the pusher is effected as follows.
The pusher L first causes the upper sheet to advance but does not push it quite to
the stop
It then returns and pushes the second sheet, by which movement the
sheet that is above and has only been partially advanced is transferred against the
stop which, as the sheet is free, will place it right again if it was not accurately
placed.
Immediately after this the stop is lowered under the action of the cam
the
rollers descend and the sheet is conducted by the conveying rollers i against the
drum or cylinder Q.
The second sheet which has in its turn only been partially pushed is conducted in
the same manner against the stop n (which is lifted for a time) by the third sheet
advanced by the pusher L' and so on to the last sheet of the pile of paper.
On leaving the automatic feed apparatus, the sheets are wound upon a drum or
cylinder and are kept thereon by strings or cords suitably distributed to permit
the free access to the front of the machine.
Ruling rollers T and ink rollers V effect the ruling of the paper. Cams W arranged
near the tail pieces of the supports for the rollers T enable the ruling rollers to be
moved away if their action is to be discontinued. These various rollers are actuated
by means of teeth upon one of the edges of the drum or cylinder Q.
In order to effect the interruptions I have devised a special arrangement for
automatically lifting the ruling rollers at the time desired. This arrangement which
is represented in detail in Figures 9 and 10 consists in providing upon the edge of
the drum or cylinder Q two concentric grooves of unequal depths. The one which is
farthest from the edge is the deepest. In these grooves are introduced circular rules p
which form cams. The rules in the groove farthest away from the edge are
broader so that by means of pressing screws p¹p all these cams can be kept
in place.
The rollers T bear upon these cams and are kept thereon by springs q. When the
cams present a space between them, the rollers T are lowered and can rule the paper;
when on the contrary the cams pass below the rollers the latter are.raised and

page_text: become inactive. By suitably arranging the spaces between the cams it is easy to
obtain interruptions at the desired places on the paper. The object of a double row
of cams is to obviate any discontinuity in the rolling of the rollers T upon them.
For this purpose their joints are always crossed between the two
cams p.
rows of
At the moment when the rollers rise or descend upon the cams pa small shock can
be produced which would have the effect of disengaging the rollers T from their
arms or supports if the latter were quite open as in the machine represented in
Figures 1 and 2.
To prevent this inconvenience the supports V are closed by a cover V. A knob V
having an eccentric base will keep the cover firmly closed. To remove the rollers
from their support it is sufficient to open this cover.
A system of slider enables the length of the support to be accurately adjusted by
advancing the closed support or arm more or less and keeping it in place by a pressing
screw t. Blotting rollers s with springs serve to wipe up the splashes.
Motion is imparted to the strings or cords by the transmitting mechanism u which
cords transport the ruled paper to the receiving table f
I may state in conclusion that one of the interesting points of the improved machine
consists also in the special arrangement of the frame. This arrangement enables a
second drum or cylinder to be placed in the same plane as the first, when the sheets
are to be ruled on both sides at the same time. Under these circumstances the
various parts are more accessible than in the case of the machine having superposed
drums or cylinders as in Figures 1 and 2; and the attendance on them is therefore
more convenient.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is ;-
First. The various improvements in machines for ruling paper as herein set forth;
these improvements consisting substantially in the automatic regulating mechanism
for regulating the height of the sheets of paper which are to be ruled, in such a
manner that this height remains the same during the work and that therefore the
movable table B rises progressively in proportion as the number of sheets of paper
diminishes, this regulator consisting substantially of a lever F terminating in a
roller F bearing upon the edge of the ream of paper this lever F being confined
with another lever G₁, a connecting rod H of adjustable length, and a bell crank
lever I adapted to turn upon the shaft of the ratchet wheel Ď which actuates the
gearing for raising the table B, the said lever I terminating in a circular plate J
which is adapted to be interposed between the pawl D' and the ratchet wheel D to
prevent its action while the table is at a proper level and on the other hand is
disengaged to enable the pawl D' to act as soon as the level of the table is too low,
as above described.
Second. The transmitting mechanism connecting the lever a designed to produce
the interruptions of the lower ruling-roller of the upper drum or cylinder in order
that all the ruling rollers shall be of the same length, this transmitting mechanism
consisting in a system of levers and connecting rods d' d d arranged in the interior
of the frame and communicating with the lever a outside the frame by a shaft d
passing through an additional support cast on the semi-circular support which is on
one side of the drum or cylinder R; as above described..
Third. The mechanism for actuating the ink-rollers U through the medium of the
pinions U and U with special teeth X, provided for this purpose upon the drums or
cylinders R and Q, as above described.
Fourth. The improved construction of and means for regulating the rubber or wiper
of the ink-trough serving to distribute the ink upon the inking roller, consisting of a
support Y clamping one of the edges of the ink-trough and provided with a hollow
to prevent the ink from rising between it and the aforesaid edge by capilarity, this
support carrying a movable piece Y" having a slot in which the rubbing felt Y is

page_text: held so as to enable it to be advanced at will for regulating the quantity of ink left
upon the roller.
Fifth. In the machine described with reference to Figures 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 the
mode of and mechanism for conveying the sheets so that they shall be presented by
the square, this system of conveying the paper consisting in pushing the upper sheet
of the pile only about halfway, then pushing the following sheet the same distance so
that the latter conducts the former sheet against a stop ruler which sets it right if
it has deviated from the square position, the rule n being actuated so as to rise above
the level of the small table y at the moment when a sheet is pushed against it, and
immediately lowered so as to allow it to pass, whilst the conveying rollers and push
it forward, the automatic operation of the ruler n being obtained by the following
transmitting gear, a bell-crank lever n' pivoted upon a shaft and bearing con-
stantly, either by its own weight or if necessary by means of a suitable spring against
a cam n, the rollers; interposed between springs which have the effect of pressing
the sheet to be ruled, in order to prevent it from rising, the said rollers are lifted
and lowered automatically and at the proper moments for seizing the sheets by means
of the following transmission, a lever keyed upon a shaft upon which is also
keyed a bent lever connected through the medium of a slotted connecting rod m
with a crank a keyed upon the driving shaft, as above described and represented in
Figures 7, 8 and 11.
Sixth. In the ruling machine described with reference to Figures 7 and 8 the
arrangement of cams designed to produce automatically the interruptions. These
cams being formed of reglets p presenting the same curvature as the drum or
cylinder Q, and inserted in two parallel grooves of unequal depths to enable them to
be fixed by means of pressing screws p', the ruling-rollers T obtaining their support
by the pressure of a spring 7 directly or through the medium of a roller upon these
cams p and being therefore removed from the drum or cylinder Q at the moment
when the cams pass below the rollers, and on the contrary caused to approach and in
action when they fall into the spaces left between the said cams.
Seventh. The means for closing the supports or arms V containing the journals of
the ruling-rollers to prevent them leaving the said arms; this closing being effected
by means of a hinged cover V₁ and a closing or locking device V, as above
described.
Doted this 10th day of Santambar 1888.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London,
Agents for the Applicant.