A New or Improved Apparatus for Teaching Reading.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 25th July, 1899
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A New or Improved Apparatus for Teaching Reading.
I, ELLEN DALE, of 6, Belvedere Cottages, Wimbledon, in the County of London,
High School Mistress, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to an apparatus for teaching children and others to
read, whereby such teaching is rendered far more easy and interesting than is
usually the case.
In order that my said invention may be readily understood, I will proceed to
describe the same with reference to the drawing accompanying this specification,
which shews an apparatus made according to my invention.
A shews a frame of wood or other suitable material, which frame I prefer to
make in two halves hinged together at B to facilitate folding. The frame A
which I prefer to paint green, is divided by a series of horizontal and vertical
lines or grooves C into a number of partitions or compartments of various sizes,
for the purposes hereinafter described.
The right hand side of the frame is divided into two main divisions by a
horizontal shelf D.
Each of the compartments is provided with a number of hooks, upon which
cards or the like bearing letters in various colours may be suspended.
In
In using my improved apparatus, the learner is first taught to arrange the con-
sonants in the various compartments according to the method of production of
such consonants. Thus the compartment 1, at the top to the left, is intended
for the consonants p, b, which are produced by the lips. The next compartment
to the right (2) is intended for t and d, which are produced further back.
the compartment marked 3, the learner is taught to arrange the consonants c, k,
q, g. Referring to the second horizontal line of compartments, that marked 4
contains m, that marked 5 n, and that marked 6 ng. On the third and fourth
lines the central compartments are for the reception of the letters 1 and r respec-
tively. The other compartments are used in the following manner:-13 con-
tains w and wh, 14, f, ph, v, 15, th: 16, s, sh, c, ch, 8, z: 18. h.
The second main vertical compartment is intended for the reception of the
double or compound consonants.
The upper portion of the right hand compartment is intended for the reception
of the short vowels, arranged according to the position of the tongue in pro-
ducing them, and the lower portion for the long vowels and diphthongs.
Those compartments left blank represent sounds which do not exist in the
English language, but it may in some cases be necessary to utilize them for the
teaching of foreign languages.
The shelf D is used for the reception of the letter cards when a word is being
built up.
T
T 1
1000

page_text: A New or Improved Apparatus for Teaching Reading.
I, ELLEN DALE, of 6, Belvedere Cottages, Wimbledon, in the County of Surrey,
High School Mistress, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
1
This invention relates to an apparatus for teaching children and others to
read, whereby such teaching is rendered more easy and interesting than is
usually the case.
In order that my said invention may be readily understood, I will proceed to
describe the same with reference to the drawing accompanying this specification,
which shows an apparatus made according to my invention.
A shows a frame of wood or other suitable material, which frame I prefer to
make in two halves hinged together at B to facilitate folding. The frame A
which I prefer to paint green is divided by a series of horizontal and vertical
lines or grooves Cinto a number of compartments of various sizes for the pur-
poses hereinafter described.
The right hand side of the frame is divided into two main divisions by a
horizontal shelf 1, the lower portion being again sub-divided by a second hori
zontal partition E.
Each of the compartments is provided with a number of hooks, upon which
cards or the like bearing letters in various colours may be suspended.
In using my improved apparatus, the learner is taught to arrange the conso-
nants in the various compartments according to the method of production of such
consonants. Thus the compartment 1 at the top to the left is intended for the
consonants p, b, which are produced by the lips. The next compartment to the
right, 2, is intended for t, and d, which are produced further back in the mouth.
In the compartment marked 3, the learner is taught to arrange the consonants c,
k, q, g, which are produced still further back in the mouth. Referring to the
second horizontal line of compartments, that marked 4 contains m, that marked 5
n, and that marked 6 ng. On the third and fourth lines the central compart-
ments are for the reception of the letters 1 and r respectively. The other com-
partments are used in the following manner. 13 contains wh (aspirated), w
and wh (not aspirated). 14, f, ph, v. 15, th (as in think) and th (as in then).
16, s (as in sun), sh, c (as in ounce), ch (as in finch), s (as in crabs), z (as in
buzz), s (as in treasure), z (as in azure). 17, gh (silent). 18, h.
The second main vertical compartment 19 is intended for the reception of the
double or compound consonants in the following order reading vertically down-
wards, x as in six, x as in exact, nc, nk, nq, ng (as in finger), ch, teh, g (as in
gem), dg, j.
The upper portion of the right hand compartment is intended for the reception
of the short vowels, arranged in a curve or V shape according to the position of
the tongue in producing them.
These, vowels are:-i, y, e, a, u (as in but), o, u (as in put).
The lower portion of the right hand side, below the shelf, is reserved for the
long vowels, arranged in a curve or shape according to the position of the
tongue in producing them. These vowels' sounds are;-i, as in machine, a, as
in shady, a, as in Mary, a, as in father, e, as in fern, o, as in story, o, as in no,
u, as in truth.
The bottom compartment is reserved for diphthongs, the more important of
which are;u, as in duty, i, as in find, ou, as in sound, oi as in foil.

page_text: I propose to print the letters or combinations of letters in various colours, and
in practice I have found it convenient to print the voiced consonants in black,
voiceless consonants in blue, silent consonants in yellow, and the vowels in red.
In placing the labels F representing the various sounds upon the hooks G
labels bearing letters or combinations of letters representing identical sounds
phonetically may be suspended upon the same hooks or additional hooks may
be provided as shown in the figure in the middle right hand compartment, below
the shelf, for combinations of letters expressing the same sound, e.g., the i in
machine is equivalent to the ea in sea and the ee in bee.
Those compartments left blank represent sounds which do not exist in the
English language, although it may in some cases be necessary to utilise them
for the teaching of foreign languages.
The shelf 1 is used for the reception of the letter cards when a word is being
built up.
Instead of employing labels and hooks as above described, I may without
departing from the spirit of this invention employ other devices in combination
with a frame to effect the same result, such as blocks bearing the letters, sliding
into grooves in the frame.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. The new or improved frame for teaching reading constructed substantially
as described.
2. A frame divided into compartments by means of vertical and horizontal par-
titions, said compartments being provided with hooks and cards or with other
devices for indicating the various vocal and consonantal sounds of a language,
according to their production by the organs of speech, for the purposes set forth.
3. A frame divided into compartments by means of vertical and horizontal par-
titions, said compartments being provided with hooks, in combination with labels
bearing letters or combinations of letters printed in distinctive colours, all for
the purposes set forth.
J. SEYMOUR SALAMAN,
Agent for the Applicant, 65 & 66, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.