IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF EFFECTING THE LOCOMOTION OF CARRIAGES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Brennand, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Calico Printer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
METHOD OF EFFECTING THE LOCOMOTION OF CARRIAGES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Brennand at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th November 1858.
I, JOHN BRENNAND, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Calico
Printer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE METHOD OF EFFECTING THE LOCOMOTION OF CARRIAGES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS
ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows:→
My Invention consists in combining the power of the steam engine with
that of the horse or other animal, in order to assist in the locomotion of the
carriage or machine at times when the resistance exceeds the animal power
employed. The animal power is to be so applied that as the resistance to the
wheels of the carriage is increased by the nature of the ground, the efforts of
the animal shall open a steam valve of an auxilliary steam engine attached to
the carriage, and thereby impart an extra traction power to the driving wheels
to assist in overcoming such temporary resistance, the valve being closed bý
a spring or otherwise when the steam or other power is not required..

page_text: This invention may be applied as a means of locomotion upon commou
roads, or to other purposes wherein the assistance of an auxilliary power
engine may be required, and the engine may either be actuated by steam
or other adequate power. The construction and arrangement of the
mechanism for effecting this object will be fully explained in my Complete
Specification hereafter to be filed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Brennand in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
16th May 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I JOHN
BRENNAND, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Calico Printer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said John Brennand, Her special license that I, the said
John Brennaud, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such other's
as I, the said John Brennand, my executors, administrators, and assigns
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully.might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF EFFECTING THE LOCOMOTION OF CARRIAGES
WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," upon
the condition, amongst others, that I, the said John Brennand, by an
instrument in writing under my hand or seal, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Iuvention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
...
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Brennand, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying Drawings, that is to say:-
My Invention consists in combining the power of the steam engine with

page_text: that of horses or other draught animals, in order that the steam power may
assist in the locomotion of the carriage or machine at times when the resist-
ance exceeds the animal power employed. The animal power is to be so
applied, that as the resistance to the wheels of the carriage is increased by, the
nature of the ground or otherwise, the efforts of the animal shall open a steam
valve of an auxiliary steam engine attached to the carriage, and thereby
impart an extra tractive power to the driving wheels to enable them to over-
come such temporary resistance, the valve being closed by a spring or other,
wise when the steam or other power is not required.
'This Invention may be applied as a means of locomotion upon common
roads, or to other purposes wherein the assistance of an auxiliary engine may
be required, and the engine may either be actuated by steam or other
adequate power.
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In order that the Invention may be better understood and explained in
detail, I have hereunto attached a Sheet of Drawings in illustration of the
Invention,shewing a road carriage or "omnibus" with the engine or auxiliary
power attached or combined as an example; but it will be evident that any
form or description of carriage, carriages, or vehicles may be combined with
an auxiliary engine, which engine shall be governed or brought into action by
animal power at such times as the assistance of the engine may be required,
and also that such combination may be employed for the conveyance of pas-
sengers or goods upon ordinary roads, or upon tramways or railways. It will
be therefore only necessary to illustrate the method of carrying the same into
practical effect, as the same may be variously applied, and this I prefer to
show as applied to a road carriage or omnibus, as seen in Fig. 1 of the
Drawings, which represents a side view of that description of vehicle having
these present improvements embodied therein.
In Fig. 1, a, a, a, is the "omnibus" mounted or placed upon the wheels
b,, of the description seen in Fig. 2, the tire of such wheels being formed of
segments of wood in a metallic framing; c is the main or driving crank shaft
of the carriage; d, the rod connecting the piston rod thereto, and e the
eccentric for working the valves of the cylinder f. The boiler and furnace are
enclosed in the portion of the carriage a¹, steam being admitted through the
valve g and pipe to the cylinders, a similar arrangement being applied on
each side of the carriage. The horse or animal employed to guide the car-
riage is placed in the shafts i, i, which are attached to the rods k, k,which are
in connection with the valve g, and pass through the valve box to the spring
2, so that when the resistance or weight of the carriage and load increases, and
the animal power consequently is inadequate thereto, the extra efforts of the

page_text: animal will overcome the closing power of the spring, and draw the rods
which open the valve g, and will consequently admit more steam to the
cylinder, and increase the power of the engine to an amount adequate to the
increased resistance, whether caused by an extra weight of goods or pas-
sengers, or by the nature of the road or otherwise.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, together with the
manner of carrying the same into practical effect, I wish it to be distinctly
understood, that I claim the novel and peculiar combination of the power of
horses or other draught animals with that of the steam engine as an auxiliary
in effecting the locomotion of vehicles on roads, railways,or tramways, whether
applied in the manner bere in-before shewn,or effected by any other equivalent
means, which said improvements are herein-before described, set forth, and
fully illustrated in the Drawing hereto attached.
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In witness whereof, I, the said John Brennand, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
JOHN BRENNAND. (LS)