IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING FANCY FABRICS, AND IN THE LOOMS AND MECHANISM EMPLOYED THEREFOR.
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Hamilton, of Strathaven, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Designer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WEAVING FANCY FABRICS, AND IN THE LOOMS AND MECHANISM EMPLOYED
THEREFOR.'
" .
Sealed the 26th July 1878, and dated the 31st January 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Hamilton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st January 1878.
"
JAMES HAMILTON, of Strathaven, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Designer. IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING FANCY FABRICS, AND IN THE LOOMS
AND MECHANISM EMPLOYED THEREFOR."
This said Invention has reference to the weaving or production of a new or
improved figured or pattern fabric in which the body of the fabric is or may be
woven as usual in plain muslins, lenos, cambrics, or gauzes, or plain twills or other
fabrics in which the warp and weft are preferably fine and regularly shed and shot
respectively, the former being shed by a few leaves of heddles and any usual simple
arrangement of shedding mechanism, or by cords or wires from a few of the needles
of the jacquard mechanism required in the looms for weaving or producing the
figured pattern of this new or improved fabric, and which is produced by a warp
for the back or reverse side, all on one side of the said plain body and binding warp
and weft or fabric which shows in all the other parts, or where there is no pattern,
which has a close weft-like or embroidered effect across the fabric on the one side
similar to that of Nottingham lace curtains, brocades, or muslin lappets, and figured
tarlatans and lenos, but without showing the binding weft or warp over or where
the pattern is woven, and caught all round the edge or outline of the pattern or
figures without requiring to be cut, or having any loose ends as in lappet weaving,
which new or improved fabric will be as effective and bright or soft as brocades and
gauze figured, woven, or lace curtains, and as strong, durable, and transparent as the
muslins or other fabrics of which the body is woven, with a perfect utilization of all
the pattern warp, which when made of silk or gold lace is often the most expensive
part of the fabric.

page_text: .
The nature and novelty of the Invention may be stated to consist generally and
essentially or substantially in the combined ordinary weaving of a fabric and
embroidery of a pattern by a special pattern warp and set of needles all on the one
side of the fabric, so actuated by the jacquard pattern mechanism as to produce the
loop or shots of the pattern laterally or weftwise, each bound and interlaced at the
ends of the loops by the ordinary warp, and each weft shot hid at the back or within
the pattern warp (or weft, whichever it may be termed), and only showing in the
spaces between or the open parts, or work within the pattern or design, as the
muslin in lappets or other body cloths, and in brocades or embroidered fabrics.
The essential mechanism consists of a new row of needles or wires, with an eye in
each, preferably near the point, one for each end or strand of the said pattern warp
threaded through it, and all ranged in a slightly movable transverse frame at right
angles across the ordinary warp and behind the shuttle "race," each needle being
made to slide or reciprocate freely at short equal distances apart in regularly divided
or bored separated plates as guides, in which they are each or all raised or drawn
by the jacquard mechanism (according to the requirements of the design and
arrangement of pattern cards for that purpose) at right angles to and after each
short shift laterally of the needle frame to the right or left when making each fresh
shed so as to carry the pattern threads in the raised or moved needles quite through
the shed as high as the raised or open warp-shed, and so that the shuttle and shot
of weft will pass between them and the lower half of the shed and bind and beat
them up by the action of the lathe and reed all before the next lateral shift of the
needle frame to the opposite side, where the needles are again raised for the next
shed and shot of weft from the opposite side of the loom to bind the pattern threads
raised at this side, and outline edge of the loops and figure, the pattern warp at all
the solid parts of the figure being produced by the raising of all the needles within
that space or part of the figure at each shift in both directions, and left down or
"idle" at the open parts.
The motion of the needle frame at each shift laterally is such that the pattern
warp of one set of alternate needles (or odd numbers) overlaps that made in the
opposite direction by the adjacent intermediate set of needles (or even numbers),
and of the warp threads between them and their overlapping and holding loop ends,
all on the pattern or right side of the fabric, so covering the warp and weft trans-
versely in close interlacing-like loops, but only showing like cords, with the appear-
ance of double rows of longitudinal stitching on the back along the outline and
solid parts of the pattern or figure.
The outer edge needles are not raised but left "idle" for two, four, or more shots of
the shuttle-weft, and either make separate lateral or open angular pattern loops or
stitches as an outline to the 'figured part, or give an upper row of stitching effect to
the solid figure part where a decided or sinooth outline is desired.
Under one modification or arrangement of the new or improved mechanism and
set of pattern warp needles worked by the jacquard for producing this new fabric,
as applied to an ordinary plain or jacquard pattern weaving loom, the ordinary warp
may be mounted as usual between the back giving-off warp beam and the breast
rail and taking-up cloth beam, and passed through the eyes of the heddle leaves and
through the reed in two threads to each split, or four to each alternate split of the
reed, or otherwise, as usual, and as may be required for the particular kind of
fabric with which the new pattern weaving and effect is to be combined or simúl=
taneously produced. In this application each strand of warp yarn or thread to form
the pattern (whether made of silk or other material used for fancy figure or pattern
weaving) would be wound on a separate narrow deep spool or bobbin with a pacing
groove for a cord and weight or other equivalent, all mounted on transverse spindles
in a bank in rows behind each other below the ordinary warp and in front of the
warp beam, all these strands being led forward over two transverse rails fixed at a
little distance apart behind the heddle leaves, each strand having a small weight
hung to it by an eye or small roller between 'the rails to take up and freely give off
all slack of pattern yarn with the least possible strain at the irregular degrees and

page_text: times required to suit the pattern. These pattern warp yarns would not be shed by,
but only led forward through between the heddles, and through the reed at the
regular distances or splits desired, and then through the eyes of their needles ranged
to rise and fall in their equally divided guide plates corresponding to the splits of
the reed through which the pattern warp is passed, and one more in number than
the splits in the width of the pattern or design all within a narrow lateral carrying
and shifting frame within the lathe close in front of the reed and behind the shuttle
"race," and usual rising and falling wire-pronged or comb-shuttle guide, and
below the hand rail of the lathe and the warp in the normal straight or unshed
position.
These needles are made of a considerable length, and rest on the bottom of
their carrying and shifting frame a sufficient distance below the back part of the
lathe which carries the reed that a cord or fine wire may be attached by an eye
or collar to the lower end of each needle and passed up to each corresponding
lifting cord or wire of the jacquard so as to be raised thereby in accordance
with its needles and pattern cards, one for each shot of weft and movement of
the jacquard barrel made by a treadle or other lever before each shed so as to
keep the pattern needles up while the shot of weft and shuttle is being thrown,
and just after each lateral shift of the needle frame to the slight distance more than
that between each needle and split of body warp it is desired to overlap, and the
loops formed by the other pattern warp needles on the reverse shift, to give a
good hold and solid close compact body to the close or solid parts of the
pattern warp. This lateral short to-and-fro motion of the needle frame in hand
looms may be given by cords and a sliding handle on the hand rail of the lathe, and
the hand of the operator moving it while he picks the shuttle and weft with the
other hand, and treads with the foot to actuate the shedding and jacquard machine,
which may be made to work the heddles for plain or other body cloth desired in
a usual manner, or by treadle levers or cam mechanism, as preferred, and small
weights might be attached to the pattern warp needles or their lifting cords to
assist in bringing them down when their own weight or that on the pattern warp
threads passed through their eyes is not sufficient to do so.
For power looms the new set of pattern warp needles might be mounted in and
actuated by cams or levers in a lateral shifting frame set in stationary guides behind
the lathe so as not to require to move with it, the needles being raised close in front
or behind a new special stationary reed or comb respectively, which would cause
the needles to enter the proper place laterally of the body warp passing through the
splits of the reed or comb. But in this case a special beating-up comb reed would
require to be mounted, and raised or lowered within the lathe after each lateral
shift and raising of the pattern needles and their warp, to beat it and the weft shot
up after each pick of the shuttle in the manner of or by the ordinary comb raised
and used for guiding the shuttle across the race. In this arrangement the pattern
warp and design would all show interlaced cross lines or loops on the under side of
the fabric, its upper side being the back. But when it is desired to see the pattern
it could be woven on the upper side of the fabric by ranging the needles across and
above it, either in the lathe or behind it, as described, and have them all held up
into their frame by individual weights or springs, and drawn down by the jacquard
mechanisin instead of up, as hereinfore described; or otherwise the fabric could be
woven in a vertical position in the frame or loom (as in some other kinds of fancy
weaving or embroidery) and have the shed formed and the pattern needles worked.
through it nearly horizontally or angularly on the front of the fabric, so as to see
the pattern or figured surface as woven, when this is desired.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said James Hamilton in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 30th
July 1878.
JAMES HAMILTON, of Strathaven, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Designer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING FANCY FABRICS, AND IN THE LOOMS AND
MECHANISM EMPLOYED THEREFOR."
My said Invention has reference to the weaving or production of a new or
improved figured or pattern fabric, in which the body of the fabric is or may be
woven as usual in plain muslins, lenos, cambrics, or gauzes, or plain twills or other
fabrics, in which the warp and weft are preferably fine and regularly shed and
shot respectively, the former being shed by a few leaves of heddles and any usual
simple arrangement of shedding mechanism, or by cords or wires from a few of the
needles, or a portion of the harness of the jacquard mechanism required in the
looms for weaving or producing the figured pattern of this new or improved fabric,
and which is produced by a warp from the back or under side, all showing on one
side of the said plain body and binding warp and weft or fabric, which shows in all
the other parts, or where there is no pattern. The close woven figured part has a
close weft-like embroidered effect across the fabric on the one side, somewhat
similar to that of Nottingham lace curtains, brocades, or muslin lappets, and
figured tarlatans and lenos, but without showing the binding weft or warp over or
where the pattern is woven, and caught all round the edges or outline of the
pattern or figure over the body warp by the weft, without requiring to be cut, or
having any loose ends, as in lappet weaving. This new or improved fabric will
be as effective and bright or soft as brocades and gauze figured, woven, or lace
curtains, and as strong, durable, and transparent as the muslins or other fabrics
of which the body is woven, with a perfect utilization of all the pattern warp,
which when made of silk or gold lace is often the most expensive part of the
fabric.
The nature and novelty of the Invention may be stated to consist generally and
essentially or substantially in the combined ordinary weaving of a fabric Z, and
weaving or embroidery therein of a pattern by a special pattern warp z and set of
needles a, all on the one side of the fabric Z, so actuated by an ordinary jacquard
pattern mechanism as to produce the loops or shots of the pattern laterally or
weftwise, each bound and interlaced at the ends of the loops and sides of the
splits of the ordinary warp, having each weft shot, bid at the back or within the
pattern warp (or weft, whichever it may be termed), and only showing in the
spaces between or the open parts or work within the pattern or design, as
the muslin in lappets or other body cloths, and in brocades or embroidered
fabrics.
'
And in order that the full nature, novelty, and mode of performing my said
Invention may be properly understood I now proceed to describe the several
Figures on the Sheet of Drawings which I have hereunto appended for that
purpose, the same reference letters and numerals indicating the same or like parts
in all the Figures where shown.
Figures 1 and 2 are a sectional side elevation and front elevation with the
central part of the taking up beam 5 and shuttle race 7 as broken away to show
the new pattern needles a behind, all of a hand-weaving loom, constructed in
accordance with and illustrative of the application of my Invention or improve-
ments to such looms; and Figures 3 and 4 are a sectional elevation and front
view of a part of the lathe 6, reed 71, and shuttle race 7 drawn to a larger scale
than shown in Figures 1 and 2 to show the new pattern needles a and other
details of my improvements applied thereto more clearly; and Figure 5 is a full-
sized edge and face view of part of the divided guide plates A of the pattern
needles.
Figures 6 and 7 are a transverse section and front view of another arrangement

page_text: of the lathe 6, 7, and pattern needles a, and other details not carried on the lathe
in this case; and Figure 8 represents a front view of a small piece of the figured
cloth as woven by the said improved loom in accordance with my Invention, full
size and rough looking compared with the actual fabric.
Referring to Figures 1 to 5 the loom frame as shown is of the ordinary con-
struction for weaving jacquard harness pattern fabrics, with four posts 1, 1', and
longitudinal and transverse rails 2, 2¹, 2¹¹, and 3, 31, above and below, having the
ordinary warp beam 4 carried in brackets behind the back posts 1¹ and the cloth
beam 5 and its taking-up gearing 5', all carried in a usual manner on the inside
of the front posts 1, as also the lathe 6 with its shuttle race 7 below, swivelling on
journal bearings 6' in two side rails 21, 21, near the top, and automatically
actuating the lever and pawl 5" of the taking-up mechanism by the link 6
The ordinary warp threads are shown stretched at Z between the warp beam 4
and the "fell" Z and taking-up beam or roller 5, and shown in dotted lines in
Figure 1 as being "shed" by two pairs of ordinary heddle leaves 8, 8¹, and
jacks 9, 91, and levers and tongues 10, 10', above and below by the simple
depression one or other of the levers or tongues 10, 10¹, through the ordinary
treadle or treadles 11 and jacquard cords 11 below so as to make plain cloth by
taking up the one half of the warp Z alternately, while the other half of the warp
is "shed". down by the leaves or heddles 8 and 8¹,
The pattern yarn (which by this mode of weaving is all utilized and shown up
on the one side of the fabric, and may be made of fine coloured silk, or gold or silver
lace) is shown as wound on pirns or bobbins, and ranged on spindles at 12, on a
bench 12 between the back posts 1', and led direct, or over a roller, through the
leaves of the heddles 8, 8¹, quite below the shed of the warp Z, over two light cross
round edged bars, or it might be rollers, and forward through the reed 7' of the race
and lathe 6, 7, thence through the eyes a¹ in the points of the new pattern needles
a, direct to the "fell" Z'. These new needles a are carried in the carefully divided
bored guide plates A on the light shifting transverse frame A, ranged to slide
transversely on guides A" in the lathe 6 between the race and the reed 7', so
that the weft z and points of all the needles will be quite below and clear of
the warp yarn Z when shed, all as particularly seen in Figures 1, 3, 4, and 5. Each
thread of the yarn z is also threaded through an eye in a light lead or other weight
b, so as to hang with a loose loop between the cross rails b, and give tension to the
thread, and yet allow of each thread being taken up at different rates to suit the
requirements of the figure or pattern, and the shedding action of the needles a which
form this, all as will be herein-after more particularly described in reference to the
detailed views Figures 3 to 8.
The needles a are all of one length, and rest by their lower ends on the lower
carrying bar A of their carrying and shifting frame A', and each needle has an eye
all near its centre between the guide plates A, A', for lifting it by, and through
which cach corresponding cord c is passed and tied for that purpose, led down from
the harness C of an ordinary jacquard pattern mechanism placed above the top
beams 2, 2, of the loom (but not shown in the Drawings); these cords c hang loose
but raise the needles a, according to the requirements of the design and corresponding
arrangement of the pattern cards, the needles a falling by their own weight after
cach lift, and shed as the lifting hooks or wires of the jacquard needles descend;
and to assist these in their proper descent, with their hooks in a line with their
lifting knives or "branders" (as the cords c hang loose, and thus do not effect this);
weighted cords C, C, are attached to the jacquard hooks, and led down through
the guide or "holely board" C in the top of the frame B, carrying, the cross rails
6. And for the better arrangement of the harness C and cords c, transversely across
the loom with less angular crossing, the ordinary jacquard machine in this loom
and new mode of weaving, is preferred to be set in the same transverse direction
instead of longitudinally as is most common in harness weaving. Thus the essential
new or improved parts of the mechanism; and their action, for producing the
fancy fabric under this Invention, as particularly shown in Figures 3 to 7, and

page_text: "
indicated by reference letters, consist of the new or improved set of needles or
pointed wires a with an eye a¹ in each (preferably near the point at a¹), one for
each end or thread z of the pattern warp z passed or threaded through it, and all
ranged in one, two, or more rows, at equally divided distances apart in their guide
plates A, A, Figures 3 and 5, to suit the distance between splits of the ordinary
warp Z, and beneath the line of the shuttle " race 7. Each needle a (one of which
is shown full sized detached in Figure 4a) is made to slide, or rise and fall vertically
and freely at their short equal distances apart in their regularly divided or bored
brass or other plates A, A, fitted near their top and bottom ends in the frame A',
in which they are each or all raised or drawn by the harness C, c, of the jacquard
mechanism (according to the requirements of the design, and arrangement of the
pattern cards for that purpose) at right angles to, and after cach short lateral shift
to the right or left of their carrying frame A¹, while or after making each fresh shed
of the warp Z.
The needle frame A is carried and mounted to slide on the guides A", at its ends,
secured to and projecting down from the sword arms 6, of the lathe 6, 7, by
connecting cords A11 or other equivalent, at its top ends on each side, connected to
the reciprocating handle 7111, mounted in a groove on the upper central edge of the
reed holding top or hand rail 71 of the lathe. Thus each time the weaver pushes
back the lathe with his left hand on the handle 711 he shifts the frame A¹, and set
of needles a to the one side or the other to the extent of two splits on divisions,
just before he treads the lever 11 with his foot, to make the shed of the warp Z, and
also cause the jacquard mechanism to lift the needles a by the harness and cords
C, c, in accordance with the pattern cards quite up through the shed, as indicated in
dotted lines in Figure 3, just before making the pick with the shuttle 7*, from either
side of the loom, and so make the weft Y pass between the pattern warp threads z
raised and the lower half of the shed Z, and bind and beat them up by the action
of the lathe 6, 7, and reed 7', all before the next lateral shift of the needle frame A.'
to the opposite side, where the needles are again raised for the next shed and shot
of the weft from the opposite side of the loom to bind the loops of pattern threads 2,
carried under and raised at this side of the warp splits Z and outline edge of the
loops and figure. The pattern warp 2, at all the solid parts z¹ of the pattern, as
shown in Figure 8, are produced by the raising of all the needles a within that
space or part of the figure after each lateral shift of the needle frame A¹ and
needles in both directions, thus covering up all the warp Z in these parts, the
needles being left down or "idle" at the open parts e¹.
The motion of the needle frame A¹ at each shift laterally is such that the pattern
warp of one set of the alternate needles (or odd numbers) overlaps that made in
the opposite direction by the adjacent intermediate set of needles (or even numbers),
and over each alternate or both splits of the warp threads Z, between them, crossing
at their overlapping and holding loop ends, all on the pattern or right side of the
fabric, so covering the warp Z and weft Y transversely in close interlacing-like
loops, as seen at 21, in Figure 8, but only showing like cords at the splits of warps Z,
with the appearance of double rows of longitudinal stitching on the back along the
outline and solid parts of the pattern or figure.
The outer edge needles are not raised, but left " idle" for two, four, or more
shots of the shuttle weft Y, and either made to form separate, lateral, or open
angular pattern loops or stitches as an outline to the figured part, or give an upper
row of stitching effect to the solid figure part where a decided or smooth outline is
desired, as shown at 2¹¹, in Figure 8. In some cases, or for some kinds of body
cloth, the shedding of the warp Z might be done by the weighted harness C¹, C₁,
brought down and tied to the eyes or "mails" C₁ of this warp Z from the same,
or it might be a separate jacquard mechanism from that which works the harness
and cords C, c, of the pattern needles a and warp z, and behind these, as seen in
Figure 6.
Referring to Figures 6 and 7, in some cases as for power looms the new set of
pattern warp needles a, a¹, and their frame A, A¹, might be mounted on their
-

page_text: guides A¹¹, on a strong fixed frame D, so as to be automatically shifted alternately
to either side of their adjacent or alternate split of warp threads Z by cams or other
equivalent, all set behind the lathe 6, 7, so as not to require to move with this, the
needles a, a', being raised close in front (or it might be behind) a new special
stationary reed or comb d, shown in this case as formed of wires d, set in plates ', d',
divided and bored the same as the plates A of the needles a, all secured by a trans-
_verse frame D¹ to the stationary frame D, carrying the needle frame A¹, which
would cause the needles a, when raised, to enter the proper place laterally of the
body warp Z, passing through the splits or divisions of the reed or comb d; but in
this case a special comb reed E, e, would require to be mounted within the lathe for
beating up the weft after each lateral shift and raising of the pattern needles a, a',
and their warp z to beat it, and the weft shots Y, up to the "fell " Z', after each
pick of the shuttle. This reed E, e, would be made of alternate open and close
splits at their lower ends e¹, divided to correspond with the divisions or wires of
the reed d, and have the splits of two, four, or other number of the warp threads Z
passed straight and parallel through from the spaces between the wires d and
the close splits e, of the reed E, while the needles a with their pattern warp
would be set below the ends of the reed, and so carry their warp threads up the
open splits of the reed e (on either side of the warp Z in the close splits) to which
they were laterally shifted in their frame A', and raised by their jacquard harness
cords C, c, all as certain as if the needles had been mounted in the lathe in front of
the usual reed 71, as shown in Figures 1 to 4.
Or by another arrangement in place of the reed E, e, a rising and falling reed
might be used for beating up the weft Y, and pattern warp z, such as the usual
comb or toothed guide 13 used for guiding the shuttle 7× across the race 7.
In both arrangements of these improved sets of needles a, there is one needle
more required in the width than there are splits of warp Z in the reeds 7!, and D, d,
E, e, and so set in the line of the spaces between the splits that the needles always pass
up through and on each side of the alternate splits of warp to which they are caught,
or laced loopwise at the back by each weft shot Y. And in power looms for
weaving this new or improved fabric, the jacquard or other shedding mechanism for
shedding the ordinary warp Z, and for raising the needles, could be worked by camis
and levers from the crank shaft actuating the lathe, or from a second motion or
tappet shaft as in other power looms. In this new or improved fabric and mode and
means of weaving it, the solid pattern warp z and design would all show in inter-
laced cross lines or short loops over the under side of the fabric warp Z, except
where single longitudinal lines or cords only are seen, which would be between the
splits Z; the upper side, which is the back, would not show the pattern z; but
when it is desired to see the pattern while weaving it in this fabric, it could be
woven on the upper side thereof by ranging the needles across and above it, either
in the lathe or behind it, as described, and have them all held up in their frame by
individual weights or springs, and drawn down by the jacquard mechanism instead
of up, all otherwise as herein-before described; or otherwise the fabric could be
woven in a vertical position in the frame or loom (as in some other kinds of fancy
weaving or embroidery), and have the shed formed and the pattern needles a worked
through it nearly horizontally or angularly on the front of the fabric, so as to see the
pattern or figured surface as woven when this is desired.
Although the transverse frame and set of needles A, a, have been described as
shifted laterally to and fro to carry the pattern warp z laterally only over the body
warp Z to the extent of one or two splits, they might be shifted to carry the pattern
warp over three or more splits of the warp Z.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention and the manner of per-
forming the same, I have to state that I do not confine myself to the precise details
herein described or delineated, but what I consider novel and original and therefore
claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent is,-
First. The weaving and manufacture of the new or improved fancy fabric with

page_text: the figure or pattern all on one side of a plain twilled gauze or other body, ground,
or cloth, with a separate warp shifted or shot to and fro weftwise by a transverse
row or rows of needles, and shed by the jacquard mechanism to form the figure, all
substantially as herein described in reference to and shown in the accompanying
Drawings, or any mere modification thereof.
Second. The general arrangement or combination of the parts of a loom for
weaving or manufacturing a new or improved fancy figured fabric, with the figure
warp worked on or from one side of the body cloth by a transverse frame of needles
shifted weftwise a short uniform distance to and fro cach shot of the weft, the
needles being each actuated and controlled by the jacquard mechanism to form the
figure, all substantially as herein described in reference to and shown in the accom-
panying Drawings, or any mere modification thereof.
Third. The general construction and application to hand or power looms of a
transverse set or frame of needles a, having the figure warp threaded through their
eyes, and shifted a short uniform distance to and fro on one side of and over one,
two, or more splits laterally of the body warp each shed, the needles being each and
all controlled and raised or shed before each shot of the shuttle and weft by the
jacquard mechanism to form the figure, all substantially as herein described in
reference to and shown in the accompanying Drawings, or any mere modification
thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Hamilton, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty ninth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
Witness,
W. R. M. THOMSON,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
JAMES HAMILTON. (L.S.)