Year: 1885

page_text: We, VÁCLAV KLÁN, of Prague, Bohemia, Gentleman, and FRANCIS SPURNÝ, of
the same Place, Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
The object of our invention is to equalise and regulate the movement of the
carbons of electric differential lamps and to reduce the length of such lamps.
We carry out our invention in manner following :-
The two cylindrical rods which slide in the bobbins of the two differential
solenoids and carry the upper and lower carbons, are sustained by two systems of
pulleys. The two rods or cylinders are connected by a cord, passing over a fixed
pulley or a system of pulleys and equilibrated Besides this the two rods are also
connected by another cord independent of the first, and passing over another
system of pulleys, of which one or several is or are movable and are counterpoised.
This combination may seem unnecessary at first sight, one or the other system
being sufficient for the statical equilibrium. But the dynamical equilibrium cannot
be obtained by either system alone. It is obtained by applying both systems in
combination at the same time. This is explained in the following way :-If the
centre, or the centres of the movable pulley or pulleys, remain in the same position
in moving the carbons up and down, there would be a defective equilibrium, i.e.
the same as if only one of the systems of pulleys were applied. But as soon as
any acceleration is caused by the difference of magnetic attraction of the two
solenoids, this acceleration is communicated to the mass of the movable pulley (or
pulleys) and the counterpoise (or counterpoises) hanging thereupon. This would
alter the centre of such movable pulley (or the centre of such movable pulleys) in
the opposite direction to that of the acceleration of the rod, and therefore the cord
of this system of pulleys would loosen or pull the other rod more than the cord of
the other system of pulleys. Thus the acceleration will be destroyed and the
carbon will move with a constant velocity, without disturbance, the current being
sent to the solenoids by means of one of the known regulatora.

page_text: Instead of the rods or cylinders which are attracted by the solenoids, we also
use telescopic cylinders. These rods are composed of an iron or steel tube, or
tubes, with corresponding projections at their ends, and with a central cylindrical
rod forming the usual carbon-holder.-Such a rod arranged as a telescopic tube,
and can be drawn out or shortened in the same manner. It is mounted so that if
the rod of one of the solenoids is in a state of magnetic equilibrium, the other one
will then begin to be attracted. If by this attraction the movement proceeds
until this latter tube arrives at its position of magnetic equilibrium, its rod has
still to slide in the same direction as far as it can be drawn in, until both parts of
the telescopic rod attain their magnetic equilibrium.

page_text: We, VÁCLAV KLAN of Prague, Bohemia, Gentleman, and FRANCIS SPURNY of
the same place, Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of our said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Our invention relates to electric lamps with defferential solenoids, and cylindrical
iron rods in the same, which rods serve as carbon holders.
One of the objects of our invention is to obtain a dynamical equilibrium to
govern the advancing motion of the carbon, whereby a steady electric light is
obtained; and a further object is to reduce the length of the lamp by using
telescopic tubes, in place of the ordinary iron or steel rods, as carbon holders.
And in order that our invention may be particularly described and ascertained,
reference is hereby made to the accompanying drawings, in which similar letters
of reference indicate corresponding parts.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of our improved lamp.
Fig. 2 is an end elevation of the same.
Figs. 3 and 4 are detail views (partly in section) of the telescopic carbon
holders.
The rods A and B, which are connected with devices for holding the carbons, A.
and B are passed through. the solenoids so as to slide in the same.
The rods or holders A and B are suspended from two independent cords, S
and T, secured to both holders; the cord S being passed over the pivotted pulley R
or a series of pivotted pulleys, and the cord T being passed over the pivotted
pulleys a b, and a movable pulley d, or a series of movable pulleys d, from each of.
which a weight 2 is suspended.
1
One of the two systems is sufficient for the statrial equilibrium; but the
dynamical equilibrium cannot be obtained by using either system alone, but only
by using the two together, as follows:-
If the centre of the movable pulley d should remain in the same place: the
carbons being moved up and down: there would be indifferent equilibrium; that is
to say, the same as if only one system of pulleys were used.
As soon as any acceleration is caused by the difference of magnetic attraction of
the two solenoids, this acceleration is applied to the mass of the movable pulley, or
pulleys d, and the weight or weights; and this moves the centre of such pulley d
in the opposite direction to that caused by the acceleration of the holder.
The cord T slackens or pulls the other holder more than the cord S of the other
system, and thus the acceleration will always be counterbalanced or equalised, and
the carbons will be moved with constant speed, and without fluctuation.
In place of the rods or holders A and B, shewn in Figs. 1 and 2, the telescopic
holders shewn in Figs. 3 and 4 may be used.
The tubes A¹ B¹ have internal collars or projections m at their upper ends, and
the rods A B have the heads or pistons n n (or pins) on their ends, within the
tubes.
,

page_text: In the normal condition, the parts of the telescopic holder have the relative
positions shown in Fig. 3, and the holder is twice as long as the tube of the same.
Its length would be greater if a series of telescopic rods were used in place of
one only.
The telescopic holders are mounted in such a manner that when the telescopic
holder A, A, Fig. 4, is in its magnetical equilibrium regarding its solenoid, the
other holder, Fig. 3, is at the beginning of its magnetic attraction.
When in this position, the tube B slides into its solenoid, until it has reached its
magnetic equilibrium; then the rod B is attracted by the same solenoid; the
tube B remaining in its position of equilibrium.
The rod B can slide down until it reaches its magnetic equilibrium, and its
carbon can thus slide nearly twice the distance that it could if solid holders were
used in place of the telescopic holders.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is :—
1. In an electric lamp, the combination with two carbon holders, of two pulley
systems, one system having the pulleys mounted on fixed pivots, and the other
system having a movable pulley or pulleys; and of independent cords passed over
the pulleys of each system, both ends of both cords being connected with the
carbon holders, substantially as hereinbefore described and shown on the
drawings.
2. In an electric lamp, the combination, with two carbon holders, of two inde-
pendent systems of pulleys, and cords passed over each system of pulleys, both
ends and both cords being connected with the carbon holders, substantially as
herein described and shewn on the drawings.
3. In an electric lamp, the combination with two carbon holders, of solenoids in
which they can slide, two systems of pulleys and indent cords passed over
the pulleys of the two systems, both ends of Loon cords being connected with the
carbon holders, substantially as herein described and shewn on the drawings.
4. In an electric lamp, the combination with a carbon holder, of a tube in' which
the same can slide, such tube being mounted to slide in a solenoid, substantially as
herein described and shewn on the drawings.
5. An electric lamp provided with telescopic carbon holders, substantially as
herein described and shown on the drawings.
6. In an electric lamp, the combination with the tube B¹, having an internal
collar m at one of its ends of the sliding carbon holder B, provided with the
head or piston n at one end, substantially as herein described and shown on the
drawings.
1000