IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPA- PATHS FOR PREPARING AND SIZEING OR DRESSING YARNS OR THREADS
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Atherton, of Preston, in the County of
Lancaster, Machine Maker, and John Kinlock, of the same Place,
Manager, for the Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPA-
PATHS FOR PREPARING AND SIZEING OR DRESSING YARNS OR THREADS "
Scaled the 12th January 1855, and dated the 3rd November 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Atherton and John
Kinlock at the. Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 3rd November 1854.
We, JAMES ATHERTON, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Machine
Maker, and JonN KINLOCK, of the same Place, Manager, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPA.
RATUS FOR PREPARING AND SIZEING OR DRESSING YARNS OR THREADS" to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to various novel-modifications and arrangements
of machinery of the kind which is technically known as the "tape-sizeing
machine," ordinarily used for sizeing or dressing yarns for the manufacturer.
In these new arrangements the squeezing rollers are not actuated simply by
the tensional action of the yarn or thread under treatment, but are driven in a
positive and certain manner through the agency of gearing and mechanical
connections. In the arrangement preferred, the squeezing rollers are driven
from the first or main driving shaft of the machine, on the end of which shaft
is a spur wheel, driving an intermediate stud wheel. The latter carries a bevil

page_text: wheel, driving a horizontal shaft at right angles with the main shaft. At the
opposite end of the horizontal shaft are a pair of bevil wheels, driving a small
upright shaft, which works the squeezing rollers. The wooden cylinder or
roller, placed next to the two drying cylinders or revolving drums, to assist the
yarn in drawing them round, is actuated by the same general mechanical
arrangement or system of gearing, and the brushes employed for driving the
yarn are driven in a similar manner, that is to say, the wooden cylinder
before mentioned and rotatory brushes are driven from the same shaft as
the squeezing rollers, and by a similar system of gearing, so as to take
off all strain from the yarn, particularly in fine numbers. The crude and
undressed yarn is uncoiled or wound off from the yarn beams prior to the
dressing action coming into play by means of gearing also in connection with
the same horizontal or side shaft. This arrangement is employed for the
purpose of ensuring uniform delivery from the entire series of beams, so that
the ends of the yarn upon the several beams will all come out or off at the
same time, the delivery being a positive one, incapable of error.. When the
yarn is finished, it is wound upon the weaver's beam by the agency of a
frictional motion. This frictional motion is similar to that already in use for
winding the yarn on to the beam in the ordinary dressing frame. At one end
of the shaft, which is actuated from the tapered drum shaft, and which crosses
the machine and works the yarn beam, is placed a toothed wheel, revolving
separately from the shaft, and between two disc plates, which are fixed to the
shaft. By means of two thumb screws passing through the disc plates, and
pressing against the face of the wheel, the wheel can be connected with the
disc plates as tightly as may be required. The object of this is that the yarn
may be wound on the beam at the same speed as it is delivered from the
cylinders. As the quantity of yarn on the beam increases, it begins of course
to take up faster, and as the delivery of yarn from the cylinders is positive,
a great strain would take place. As soon as the yarn begins to tighten, the
toothed wheel will slip and move faster than the disc plates, and prevent the
yarn from being taken up too fast; by this means any quality of yarns, how-
ever fine, may be subjected to the sizeing process. We also employ another
mode of winding the finished yarn on the weaver's beam, by making use of a
rotatory drum or cylinder, actuated from the horizontal side shaft, herein-before
mentioned. The outer circumference of this drum (which is so arranged as to
move round at the same rate as the delivery cylinders) is in contact with the
weaver's beam, and thus causes it to revolve and take up the yarn at the same
speed. The beam works in a slot and rises as it fills; the cylinder and beam
are kept in contact by a lever and weight, or a shaft and break. By these

page_text: means we dispense with the ordinary taper drums and a quantity of gearing
now in use, thus reducing considerably the expense of the machine; and a
greater quantity of yarn can also be put on the same beam, thus ensuring a
saving to the manufacturer. This mode of winding the yarn on the weaver's
beam may be adopted, if required, without any other improvement: Portions
of these improvements or modifications thereof are applicable to the common
system of dressing. For the purpose of securing an accurate measurement of
the quantity of yarn required on each beam for the sizeing or dressing
machine, an apparatus is arranged, in connection with the warping mill, to
enable the attendant to determine exactly on the amount delivered. A worm
on the end of the measuring roller of the warping mill drives a wheel, the
horizontal shaft of which carries a bevil wheel geared with a vertical shaft,
the lower end of this shaft has upon it a worm driving a wheel parallel to the
side of the machine, and carrying a bevil wheel working a horizontal shaft.
which has upon it a finger or stud; this stud acts upon a weight or pendant
lever, which, being raised by the stud, slips or tumbles when a certain length
of yarn has been put upon the beam. The pendant lever comes in contact
with au upright lever; and, a spring then acts upon the strap fork, and
stops the mill. This gearing is so arranged that the teeth in the first wheel,
acted upon by the first worm, denote the number of yarns in each "cut;" and
the second wheel, in connection with the second worm, denotes the number
of "cuts." When this last wheel has made one revolution; the mill is
stopped, as herein-before described. An indicator is also employed to show
the workman the quantity of cuts which has been put on the beam, in case
more are required to be put in than is denoted by one revolution of the wheel.
This indicator is worked by means of a worm on the horizontal shaft, which
has the stud or finger upon it. This worn works a wheel at the bottom of
au upright shaft, at the top of which is the disc plate.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Atherton and John Kinlock in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 3rd May 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
ATHERTON, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker, and Joux
KINLOCK, of the same Place, Manager, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of November, in the year of our. Lord

page_text: One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said James Atherton and John Kinlock, Her special license that we, the said
James Atherton and John Kinlock, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said James Atherton and John Kinlock, our execu-
tors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING
AND SIZEING OR DRESSING YARNS OR THREADS." upon the: condition (amongst
others) that we, the said James Atherton and John Kinlock, by an instrument
in writing under our hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said James. Atherton and John Kinlock,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be. particularly described and ascertained in and
bythefollowing statement in writing, reference beinghadto.the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
Our said Invention relates to various novel arrangements of machinery or
apparatus to be used for preparing and sizeing or dressing yarn or threads as
pursued in the manufacture of textile fabrics,such novel arrangements having
reference to what is technically known as the tape-sizeing machine, as well
as to the warping mill or machine."
And in order that our said Invention may be properly understood, we, shall
now proceed to describe the several Figures on the Sheets of Drawings here-
unto annexed.
Figure 1 on Sheet 1 of our Drawings is a side external elevation of what
is technically known as a "tape-sizeing machine," as modified and arranged
according to our said Invention. The after end of the framing of this
machine is represented as broken away, to avoid repetition of the unsized
warp beams, three only of which are here shewn in position. Figure 2 on
the same Sheet of Drawings. is a plan of the machine with two unsized warp
beams only in position, and with but a small portion of the warp threads
shewn as passing through the machine.
Figure 1 on Sheet 2 of our Drawings is a side external elevation of our

page_text: improved machinery or apparatus as arranged to work in connection with the
warping mill,soas to enable the attendant to measure accurately the quantity
of yarn necessary for each beam; Figure 2 on the same Sheet is a plan of
this apparatus; corresponding to Figure 1; Figure 3 is an enlarged eleva-
tion in detail of the stop rod machinism; and Figure 4 is a plan of the same
parts corresponding.
In our improved modification of the "tape-sizeing machine, the squeezing
rollers thereof are not actuated simply by the tensional action of. the yarn or
threads under treatment, as has hitherto been the case, but are driven in a
positive and certain manner by the agency of gearing and special mechanical
connections. In the arrangements which we prefer for this purpose the
squeezing rollers are driven from the main or first motion driving shaft A
of the machine, which shaft carries at one end the pair of band pulleys B:
This first motion shaft, which is carried in end bearings in the main side
standards of the machine, has at its opposite end a spur pinion C, in gear with
an intermediate spur wheel D, running loose on a stood, fast in the framing
standard. The wheel D carries or is in one piece with a bevil wheel E, which
gears with a corresponding bevil wheel F, fast on the long horizontal shaft G.
This shaft G is carried by a series of bracket bearings II, on the outside of
the frame. Near the opposite end of the shaft G is a bevil wheel I, in gear
with a bevil pinion J,fast on the lower end of a short vertical shaft K,carried
by an external collar bracket bearing bolted to the frame. The upper end of
the shaft K. carries a bevil pinion L, gearing with the bevil wheel M, fast on
one end of the spindle of the lower squeezing roller N. In this way the lower
squeezing roller N, with its upper counterpart roller O, is actuated by the
driving gear in a direct and positive manner. The wooden roller or cylinder
P, disposed next to the two large steam drying cylinders QQ, R, and arranged
in conjunction with the two smaller rollers S, to aid or relieve the yarn in its
tensional action in drawing round the drying cylinders, is actuated in a similar
direct manner from the longitudinal shaft G,through the intervention of the
duplex set of bevil wheel and gearing pinion T, U,and the vertical shaft V.
The same longitudinal shaft G also serves to actuate the rotatory brushes
W,X, which are carried by the two vertical standards Y of the framing.
The larger brush W is driven by the worm Z on the shaft G, gearing with the
worm wheel a, fast on the lower end of the light vertical shaft b, and con-
nected to the brush spindle by the bevil pinions c. The opposite end of the
brush spindle carries a spur pinion d, which actuates a short train of spur
gearing for driving the other brush X. In this way the two brushes have a
positive driving action of theirown,and they therefore do not in any way strain

page_text: the yarn, a most important consideration, more particularly in fine numbers.
The undressed yarn is also wound off the containing beams by the action of
the shaft G, the extremity of which carries a bevil pinion e, in gear with a
bevil wheel, fast on the outer end of a short shaft g, running in bearings h
carried by the framing. The inner end of the shaft g has fast upon it a spur
wheel, in gear with a spur wheel, fast upon one end of a horizontal spindlek,
running in end bearings in the framing, and carrying a pair of disc pulleys ;
these pulleyslact as the supporting and driving surfaces for the yarn beams
m, the beamed yarn itself resting upon the pulleys. By this arrangement,
the shaft G communicates a positive winding-off motion to the undressed
warp beams through the frictional action of the discs upon the yarn.
the spindles of the yarn beams being supported in vertical slots, so as to be
capable of falling therein as the yarn is wound off. The opposite end of the
first shaft K carries a spur wheel n,driving a train of spur gear o, for actuating
the rest of the warp beams in like manner. Under this system the uniform
and regular delivery of yarn from the entire set of warp beams is accurately
secured, so that the ends of the yarn upon the whole number of beams.come
off the beams simultaneously, the delivery of the yarn being positive. and
incapable of error. It is to be clearly understood that in all cases where
the movements or actions are in dupilcate, or are repeated more than once, the
s me positive driving action is applied where necessary, although not indi-
vidually specified herein. The arrows on the Drawings indicate the route
of the yarn as it leaves the warp beams at the after end of the machine, and
passes forward in its, undressed condition through the dressing or size
chamber P₁ and between the squeezing rollers, and thence in contact with
rotatory brushes, and round the drying cylinders, and on past the remaining
guide and traction rollers, and over the drying fan q: to the winding-on
beam at the extreme front end of the machine. The winding-on of the
dressed or sized yarn upon the weaver's beam is effected by the agency of
a frictional motion, similar to that which is already in use in the ordinary
dressing frame.
In this frictional arrangement, the driving bevil wheel
is loose upon the beam spindle, and it is interposed between a pair of
counterpart fractional discs, fast upon the beam spindle. Flannel or other
frictional substance is placed between the faces of the separate discs and
those of the bevil wheel disc, and means are provided for adjusting the nip
or clipping action of the discs laterally upon the bevil wheel disc; thus, when
any severe strain upon the warp is threatened, the frictional action slips and
prevents injury to, the threads. But in the arrangement of "tape-sizeing
achine" represented in our Drawings, we adopt another contrivance for

page_text: winding on the yarn. In this arrangement the action is entirely derived from
the shaft G, actuating the other main movements. The front end of this shaft
carries a bevel pinion s, gearing with a bevel pinion t on the outer projecting end
of the spindle of a drum or cylinder u. This drum is supported in immovable
end bearings in the framing, and it is arranged to be driven at the same
rate or to have the same surface velocity as the undressed warp beams. It
forms the support for the sized warp beam 1, the sized warp as it is wound on
being in immediate contact with the drum u, so that the frictional action of
the drum causes the beam to revolve, and take up the yarn at the speed at
which it is given off from the beams at the after part of the machine. The
warp beam is supported in slotted guides w, so that it has free liberty to rise.
as it fills with yarn. Pendant weights. w are employed to retain the warp
beam with its wound-on warp.in close contact with the surface of the drumu.
The upper ends of the weight cords are passed over and attached to segmental
levers a fast upon the horizontal shaft y, supported in end bearings in the
frame; the same shaft y also carrys two small pulleys, from which cords 1
pass round guide rollers 2, to the ends of the warp beam spindle. With
these arrangements we are enabled to dispense with the ordinary taper drums
and complicated gearing as hitherto used in machinery of this kind, whilst
the first cost of the machine is reduced, and an increased quantity of yarn can
be placed upon the beam. It is to be understood that portions of these
improvements or modifications thereof are applicable to the common dressing
machinery. In our arrangements connected with the warping mill, a worm A,
Sheet 2 of our Drawings, on the end of the warping mill measuring roller,
gears with and drives a worm wheel B, the horizontal shaft C of which worm
gears, by means of a bevil pinion arrangement, with the upper end of the short
vertical shaft D.. The lower end of this shaft I has upon it a worm E, in
gear with a worm wheel fast on the horizontal shaft F, supported in bearings
outside the frame; the other end of this shaft carries a finger or stop G.
As this finger piece comes round on the working of the machine, it comes in
contact, as indicated more clearly in the enlarged views, Figures 3 and 4,
on Sheet 2 of our Drawings, with an inclined stop piece Hon the face of the
upper part of the spring top lever I. The pressure of the finger G forces
the upper part of the spring stop rod a little forward, so that the flat upper
end of the rod clears its end-retaining notch in the slotted guide holder J.
When thus clear of the retaining notch, the reaction of the lower spring
part I of the rod carries it along the slot in the piece J, in a direction at
right angles to the first movement. "The rod is slotted at K, and this slot
is entered upon a stud I, fast to the slide rod M of the strap fork N. This

page_text: secondary traverse of the stop rod then carries the strap fork forward in the
direction of the arrow, so as to bring the driving strap on to the loose pulley o,
and thus stop the action of the machine with the intended measurement of
warp upon the beam P. The machine hus two separate sets of belt pulleys
O, Q, and R, S. Each set is on one end of the first motion shaft T, carried
in bearings in the framing U. The two outside pulleys O. R, are loose on the
shaft, and they are double double the width of the inner fast pulleys Q, S. In
the position of the parts delineated in our Drawings, the machine is supposed
to be in full operation for the forward or beaming action, the open driving
belt V being upon the fast pulley Q, whilst a crossed belt is upon the opposite
loose pulley R; hence, when the strap fork action, already described, takes
place, the strap on the pulley Q is carried off that pulley, and passed upon the
wide loose pulley O. This fork N is on the saine slide rod M as the opposite
fork X; hence the same motion brings forward the latter fork, still, however,
allowing its strap to remain upon the wide pulley; then. if any backing
should be required, the attendant springs forward the stop rod into the outside
notch Y, when the reversing belt of the pulley R will be brought upon the
fast pulley S, and the backing-off will occur. Instead of this contrivance,
the reverse action may of course be brought about by hand. The driving
pulley shaft carries two disc pulleys, or one continuous roller or pulley W, on
which the beamed warp rests during the beaming action, the spindle of the
beam having liberty to rise in its guide slots, as the beam warp requires. The
gearing connected with the measuring apparatus in this machine is so arranged
that the teeth in the first worm wheel B, acted upon by the first worm A, shali
denote the number of yards of warp in each cut, whilst the second worm wheel,
actuated by the second worm E, denotes the number of cuts. It is when this
last-mentioned worm wheel has completed one revolution that the machineis
stopped, as herein-before described. A special indicator is also contrived for
the purpose of showing the attendant the quantity of cuts which may have
been put on the warp beam, when a greater number of cuts must be put on
than can be indicated by one revolution of the "cut-indicating wheel." This
indicating dial is at Z, its index hand being fast upon the upper end of a
vertical shafta, carried in bearings outside the framing, and having atits lower
part a worm wheel b, driven by a worm on the horizontal shaft F, carrying
the stopping finger.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, we may observe, in conclusion, that we do not confine or restrict
ourselves to the precise details and arrangements which we have had occasion

page_text: to describe or refer to, as many variations may be made therefrom without
deviating from the principles or main features of our said Invention; but what
we consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to us by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
1st, the system or mode of arranging and working "tape-sizeing machines,"
wherein the unsized warp beams, the squeezing rollers, the rotatory brushes,
and the traction rollers in front of the drying cylinders, all or any of these
separate movements or details, are actuated by gearing, or in a direct and
positive manner, for the purposes herein-before described.
2nd, the system or mode of actuating the unsized warp beams, by means
of gearing or direct mechanical connections, in such manner that the ends of
.yarn shall all come off the entire series of beams at or about the same
instant of time.
the.
3rd, the application and use of a frictional clutch or connecting arrange-
ment, for the herein-before described purpose of winding the yarn or warp from
"tape-sizeing machines" on to the weaver's beams.
4th, the system or mode of winding the yarn or warp from "tape-sizeing
machines" on to the weaver's beam by the agency of a frictional driving
roller or pulley, having the same surface velocity as the unsized warp beams,
and acting upon the surface of the warp as wound upon the beam.
5th, the application and use in connection with the warping mill of an
indicating apparatus, as herein before described, for the purpose of denoting
the length of warp yarn delivered.
6th, the system or mode of warping yarns, or beaming the same upon the
weaver's beam, wherein an indicating apparatus for denoting the length of
warp yarn is connected and driven by the measuring roller of the warping
mill, as herein-before described.
7th, the application and use in warping or beaming machinery of a stop
finger, worked from the measuring roller of the warping mill, for the purpose
of actuating the stop rod or lever of the driving action..
In witness whereof, we, the said James Atherton and John Kinlock, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, the First day of May, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-five.
JAMES ATHERTON.
JOHN KINLOCK.
(L.S:)