Improvements in and connected with Wind Motors.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Mar., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 9th Dec., 1893-Accepted, 3rd Feb., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Wind Motors.
1, WILLIAM JOSEPH STARKEY BARBER-STARKEY of Aldenham Park,
Bridgnorth in the County of Salop, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to wind motors the efficiency of which it is intended to
increase whilst simplifying their construction.
In a wind motor constructed according to these improvements there are two sets
of radial arms mounted upon a common shaft. Each set of radial arms consists
of a suitable number of radii equidistant from each other and having equal lengths.
They are mounted upon their shaft in such a manner that the arms of one set
break pitch with those of the other set, that is to say the arms of the leading set
are not in line with those of the following set. The upper ends of the radial
arms are connected together by rods wires cords or the like in the following
manner-Assuming the radial arms of each set to be consecutively numbered,
arm 1 of the leading set is connected to arm 1 of the following set, arm 2 to arm 2
and in like manner through the whole series. Arm 1 of the following set may
be to the right or to the left of arm 1 of the leading set according to the direction
of rotation required. The sails, are triangular or approximately triangular in
shape and each one is secured by one of its sides to the bar rod wire or
cord connecting two of the radial arms. The apex of each sail is secured to the
centre.
If the distance separating the sets of arms be about equal to their radii, and
the arms of one set bisect the angles between the arms of the other set when
viewed from the front, the sails will be at an angle of 45 degrees but I do not
limit myself to this angle arrangement or distance. It will thus be evident that a
large sail area may be obtained with its greatest area at the greatest distance from
the centre where it is most effective.
An arrangement may be employed if desired, for varying and adjusting the
relative positions to each other of the radial arms of the two sets and thus of
altering the angle of the sails.
Dated this 7th day of March A.D. 1893.
WILLIAM E. HEIS,
Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Wind Motors.
I, WILLIAM JOSEPH STARKEY BARBER-STARKEY of Aldenham Park,
Bridgnorth, in the County of Salop, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to wind motors the efficiency of which it is intended to
increase whilst simplifying their construction.
In a wind motor constructed according to these improvements there are two
Each set of arms
parallel sets of radial arms rotating upon a common axis.
consists of a suitable number of radii equidistant from each other and having equal
effective lengths. They are mounted upon their shaft in such a manner that the
arms of one set break pitch with the arms of the other set when at work, or are

page_text: arranged in such a manner that the arms of the leading set are not in line with
the connected arms of the following set. The outer ends of the radial arms are
diagonally connected together by rods wires cords or the like in the following
manner Assuming for example the radial arms of each set to be consecutively
numbered; arm 1 of the leading set is connected with arm 1 of the following set,
arm 2 to arm 2, and in like manner through the whole series. Arm of the
following set may be arranged to the right or to the left of arm 1 of the leading
set according to the direction of rotation required. The sails are triangular or
approximately triangular in plan and each one is secured by one of its sides to the
rod wire or cord connecting two of the radial arms. The apex of each sail may
be secured to the shaft.
If the distance separating the sets of radial arms be about equal to their radii,
and the arms of one set bisect the angles between the arms of the other set when
viewed from the front, the sails will be at an angle of 45 degrees, but I do not
limit myself to this angle arrangement or distance. It will thus be evident that
a large sail area may be obtained with its greatest surface at the greatest distance
from the centre, where it is most effective.
An arrangement may be employed if desired, for varying and adjusting the
relative positions to each other of the radial arms of the two sets and thus altering
the angle of the sails.
I will more particularly describe in what manner my invention may be carried
into practical effect with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In each of the figures A denotes the triangular sails, B the leading set of radial
arms, C the following set of radial arms, D the rods cords or the like connecting
the outer ends of the radial sets of arms, and E the shaft on which the arms are
mounted.
In the drawings the motor is represented as being employed to drive a dynamo E',
but it may be obviously similarly employed for pumping or for other purposes.
I
Figure 1 represents in front elevation and Figure 2 in side elevation a form of
the apparatus in which there are four arms in each set. In this case the leading
arm the following arm and the connection D between them are formed from a
single length of steel or other suitable rod bent to the required form. The apices
of the sails are connected to a ring F surrounding the shaft by means of a wire
hook or cord passing through an eyelet in the sail.
The shaft is mounted in suitable bearings on the standards G G which are bolted
upon the turn-table H mounted on rollers I travelling on a circular roller path on
the foundation framing J. The power may be taken from the shaft through or by
means of the gearing illustrated or otherwise. The gearing shewn in the figures
consists of the pair of mitre wheels W, a vertical shaft, a second pair of mitre
wheels W¹, a horizontal shaft, a third pair of mitre wheels W2, a second vertical
shaft, and a pair of bevel wheels W³. The motor is kept up to the wind by a
steering sail or pair of steering sails S.
Figure 3 illustrates in sectional side elevation a modification of the arrangement
represented by the previous figures. The dynamo E is carried on the turn-table
and is driven direct from the motor shaft. A metallic housing for the protection
of the motor may be used but is not shewn in the figure. The current from the
dynamo may be led to a positive and a negative insulated collars from whence it
may be taken off by fixed metallic contacts. The turn-table pivot L may be
tubular in this, as in the other cases illustrated, and the insulated collars may be
arranged upon it or concentrically with it. This figure also illustrates one means
which may be employed for reducing the exposed area of the sails. The following set
of arms are mounted upon a hub c, chased with an internal screw thread to fit upon the
quick screw thread formed upon the sleeve M. A strong spiral spring is arranged
upon the sleeve between the bearing G and the hub c with a tendency to force
them apart. When the force of the wind increases it tends to force the sails into
a plane parallel with the shaft. In doing this the resistance of the spring is over-
come so that the hub c can travel along the sleeve, but in doing this the hub is

page_text: rotated and the following arms thereon are finally brought into the position shewn
by Figure 4, when the wind has no longer any effect on the sails which are now in
line with the direction of the wind. The position shewn by Figure 4 would not be
obtained in any case by the action of the wind alone, but may be obtained by hand
or mechanical regulation for which purpose the hub c may be suitably geared.
The construction illustrated in sectional side elevation by Figure 5, is a modifica-
tion of that shewn by Figures 1 and 2. The central tube L, through which the
vertical shaft passes, is of larger diameter, and is supported at its foot on roller
or ball bearings. This arrangement is intended to give greater stability to the
motor.
The modification illustrated by sectional side elevation in Figure 6 is a further
modification, two similar sets of sails being mounted upon a single shaft, the power
being taken off between them by gearing as represented.
A further modification is shewn in sectional side elevation by Figure 7. In this
case the tubular pivot L is of larger diameter and greater height to give greater
stability to the motor. The lower end of the tube may be carried on roller or ball
bearings or in a footstep as shewn, and the central portion of it may be supported
by horizontal roller or ball bearings I. Figure 8 represents a modification of the
constructions represented by Figures 3 and 7. The tubular pivot L is arranged
behind the motor in order not to interfere with the action of the wind on the sails,
and a dynamo E is carried on the turn-table.
Figure 9 represents in side elevation an arrangement for governing the speed of
the motor. A pendulum or other governor P is mounted upon the turntable and
driven by the motor. The muff of the governor is connected by chains or
cords R R to the steering sail in such a manner that with a rise of speed the steering
sail is brought across the line of wind, and the angle of the sails to the wind is
made more acute by the consequent motion of the turn-table and motor. The muff
of the governor engages with or is provided with an extension engaging with the
upper ends of two pivoted bell crank levers T T' to the lower ends of which the
chains or cords R R' are connected. Thus when one of the levers T T' is moved
by the action of the muff in one direction the other is moved in the opposite
direction. The steering sail may be controlled from the governor by a single
lever, but such an arrangement would involve the use of a re-acting spring or
weight which is obviated by the toggle joint device illustrated. If two steering
sails be used it will be found advantageous not to arrange them parallel with
each other but diverging on radial lines from about the centre of the motor or
turn-table.
A good arrangement of the radial arms is to set them in line with each other, as
shewn by Figure 1, and connect them diagonally as shewn. The result is precisely
the same as in arranging the leading set of arms to break pitch with the following
set as hereinbefore described. In this case with four arms in each set and triangular
sails the whole front elevation of the motor is filled with the sails as shewn, and the
passages through the motor are diagonal between each pair of sails.
The diagonal connections between the radial arms may be straight or be curved
as represented by Figures 10 and 11. Also as represented by these figures, the
motor may be carried on an overhung axle. As therein illustrated the radial arms
are mounted upon a sleeve rotating upon the fixed shaft E, and the wheel or pulley
through which the motion is transmitted is fixed upon the sleeve.
I do not limit myself to any of the methods of erecting and arranging the motor
herein described as it will be obvious that these may be varied, nor do I herein
make any claim to such methods and arrangements.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A wind motor constructed substantially as hereinbefore described and as
illustrated by the accompanying drawings.

page_text: 2. In a wind motor the combination and arrangement of two parallel sets of radial
arms rotating on a common axis and diagonally connected by rods or the like at
their outer ends, and sails stretched between the diagonal connections and the
axis, substantially as herein before described and as illustrated by the accompanying
drawings.
Dated this 8th day of December A.D. 1893.
WILLIAM E. HEYS,
Agent for the Applicant.