IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST METAL PIPES OR TUBES." PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Crosland and William Holiday, of Bradford,
in the County of York, Engineers, and John Heaton, of the same
place, Foreman Moulder to the said Robert Crosland and William
Holiday, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST METAL PIPES OR TUBES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Crosland, William
Holiday, and John Heaton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 22nd May 1854,
We, ROBERT CROSLAND & WILLIAM HOLIDAY, of Bradford, in the County of
York, Engineers, & JOHN HEATON, of the same place, Foreman Moulder to
the said Robert Crosland & William IIoliday, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IT APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE
HANUFACTURE OF CAST METAL PIFE3 03 TURES" to be as follows:-
The improvements relate to combining a number of moulding boxes used
in the manufacture of cast pipes or tubes, upon a rotating or other traversing
carriage or frame, in such manner that the successive operations of "ramming
up," applying the core, "casting," and "taking out" the tube or pipe as cast,
may be simultaneously performed with different moulding boxes of the series

page_text: as in their traverse they come up to the positions appropriated to these
separate operations.
Also, to forming each of such moulding boxes capable of opening in the
direction of its length, to free the pipe or tube when cast, and thus facilitate
its removal, and with the core seat at the bottom thereof turning on a hinge
joint, but capable of being held in position by pin or other suitable fastening,
which when released allows the sand to escape and frees the casting.
When dry sand is employed, the moulding boxes, after being prepared, are
in their traverse subjected to heat before they arrive at the point where casting
is effected.
The improvements also relate to arranging a pair of endless chains (passing
over suitable guide wheels) with carriages, to receive the ends of core bars,
and conduct the cores formed thereon into & from a drying oven or chamber;
the openings to & from which aro so arranged, that whilst a core is being
admitted to be dried, a dried core is also allowed to pass out therefrom, the
opening or openings being only of sufficient size to admit of the transit of the
cores and their carriages.
The core bars may in succession have the sand formed on them as they are
placed on the endless chains, or the cores may be formed on the bars before
being placed in position on to the chains.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Robert Crosland, William Holiday, and John Heaton in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 22nd November 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wc, ROBERT
GROSLAND and WILLIAM HOLIDAY, of Bradford, in the County of York,
Engineers, and JOHN HEATON, of the same place, Foreman Moulder to the
said Robert Crosland and William Holiday, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the seventeenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Robert Crosland and William Holiday and John Heaton, Her special
licence that we, the said Robert Crosland and William Holiday and John
Heaton, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the
said Robert Crosland and William Holiday and John Heaton, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,

page_text: from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE
OP CAST METAL PIPES OR TUBES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we,
the said Robert Crosland and William Holiday and John Heaton, by an instru-
ment in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one
of us, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said In-
vention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Robert Crosland and William Holiday
and John Heaton, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
The improvements relate, firstly, to combining a number of moulding boxes
used in the manufacture of cast pipes or tubes upon a rotating or other
traversing carriage or frame, in such manner that the successive operations of
"ramming up," applying the "core," "casting," and "taking out" the tube or
pipe as cast, may be simultaneously performed with different moulding boxes
of the series, as in their traverse they come up to the positions appropriated
to these seperate operations. Also, to forming ench of such moulding boxes
capable of opening in the direction of its length, to free the pipe or tube when
cast, and thus facilitate its removal, and with the core seat at the bottom
thereof turning on a hinge joint, but capable of being held in position by pin
or other suitable fastening, which when released allows the sand to escape and
frees the casting.
When dry sand is employed, the moulding boxes, after being prepared, are
in their traverse subjected to heat before they arrive at the point where casting
is effected.
The improvements relate secondly, to arranging a pair of endless chains
(passing over suitable guide wheels) with carriages, to receive the ends of core
bars, and conduct the cores formed thereon into and from a drying oven or
chamber; the openings to and from which are so arranged, that whilst a core
is being admitted to be dried, a dried core is also allowed to pass out there-
from, the opening or openings being only of sufficient size to admit of the
transit of the cores and their carriages. But that the nature of the said
Invention, and the means employed by us in carrying the same into effect, may
be fully understood, we will proceed to describe the Drawings annexed:

page_text: In carrying out the first part of our Invention, we have applied the series
of moulding boxes to a circular frame capable of rotating, and we have
adopted this arrangement as the most convenient for the purpose of enabling
us to perform, as already stated, the successive operations of "ramming up,"
applying the "core," "casting," and "taking out" a tube or pipe as cast, and
simultaneously with different moulding boxes of the series, as the circular
frame, by a traverse motion given to it, brings the different boxes to the
positious appropriated to these separate operations. We do not, however,
confine ourselves to this form of the frame supporting the boxes, so long
as the frame is arranged capable of causing the boxes supported thereby
to have the successive operations performed with them simultaneously, as
explained..
Figure 1 shows a plan view, Figure 2 a side view, and Figures 3, 4, 4,
5, 6, 7, and 8, separate detail views, of apparatus according to this part of our
Invention. a, a, is a supporting wall for tho plate b, upon which is formed
the traim or railway b'; c is the circular frame for carrying the various mould-
ing boxes d, d, which are perforated through their surface for the escape of
air, as is well understood. This frame c has lugs or projections on the under
side, to receive the axes of the supporting wheels c', which, as the frame c is
caused to rotate, run upon the tram or railway b'; and the outer edge of the
frame c is formed with teeth, which are taken into by the teeth of the pinions e,
affixed to the axes c', by which the required traversing or rotary motion is
given to that plate c; the axes of the pinions e being supported in suitable
stationary bearings, as shewn, whilst they have motion given to them from a
steam engine or other suitable power, to produce the required step by step
traverse motion to the plate c.
In the plan, Figure 1, we have shown part of the frame c, with the moulding
boxes supported thereby removed, in order more clearly to shew the means
wo adopt for drying the sand in the boxes after the "ramming up" has been
effected. The arrangement for drying, which is also shown by other of the
views, consists of a fire-place or furnace f, from which passes a fluc f' to the
chimney 9, which is provided with a damper 9', as shewn; and there are
openings from the flue f¹ to admit heat directly to the lower end of cach
moulding box, and these holes f' are so arranged, that the heat passing there-
from may pass freely through the respective moulding boxes, for a time
remaining stationary over them, whilst any of the respective operations
referred to are being performed upon others of the series. The moulding

page_text: boxes d are ench formed capable of opening in the direction of their length
upon hinges d', for the purpose of facilitating the removal of the cast pipe or
other cylinder formed therein, as well as of the sand used in forming the mould.
The core seat d turns upon a hinge d³, and is held in position by a pin d',
which when released allows the core scat to turn upon its hinge joint, for the
escape of the sand, and, with the opening of the box d on its hinge joint, to
free the casting.
The separate sectional views, Figures 3, 4 and 4*, are taken through the lines
1, 1, 2, 2, and 3, 3, of the plan, Figure 1; h represents the core in its place;
i, the sand in the boxes; and i', the space for the pipe or other cylinder to bo
cast. We would, however, state, that although we have only shewn the
moulding boxes and parts connected therewith suitable for moulding one size
and form of tubo or pipe, a workman acquainted with casting such articles
will readily make such variations as may be necessary in the form and
arrangement of the parts to produce other forms or sizes. According to the
arrangement which we have shown for carrying out this part of our Invention,
we apply the sand and perform the operation of "ramming up or moulding
at A; they become dried in passing over the flue from B to C. The internal
cores are then applied at D, and the molten metal is poured in at E. The
boxes are then opened, and the pipe or tube removed at F, whilst the box is
prepared to receive the fresh sand at G.
"
Figure 9 shows a longitudinal side view partly in section, Figure 10 a
plan also partly in section, and Figure 11 an end view, of apparatus for
carrying out the second part of our Invention. j is the drying oven or
chamber, which is heated by the flame and heated products passing thereto
through the opening from the fire in the fire-place k; 1, 1, are core bars,
which are supported at their ends upon the carriages m, formed on or affixed
to the alternate links of endless chains m'; n are hinge pieces, which retain
the ends of the core bars from falling out of the carriages m during their
movement. Each of the chains ma passes partly around guide wheels o, o',
affixed to axes 0, 0%, capable of revolving in suitable bearings. A traverse
motion is given to the chains m³, m³, by means of the wheels o', upon the
axis o, on which is affixed the pinion o', which receives. motion as required
from a steam engine or other suitable power. 9, 9, are openings in the front
wall of the chamber j, for the passage of the cores 1, 1, into and from that
chamber; but these openings are only sufficiently large to admit of the cores
passing freely with their carrying chains; and the parts are so arranged, that
when motion is given to the chains m³ to carry a fresh core into the heating
chamber, a core is at the same time withdrawn therefrom, and except when

page_text: this traverse is taking place, the openings 9, 7, are closed, by means of the
sliding covers r, r, which have openings formed in them, so as not to
interfere with the chains m². The two sliding doors r, r, are connected
together so as to be opened and closed simultaneously by means of links, as
shown. By thus arranging the openings into and from the heating chamber, a
very small amount of heat is allowed to escape into the atmosphere during
the traverse of the cores.
The core bars may in succession have the cores formed on them as they are
placed on the endless chains, or the cores may be formed on the bars before
being placed in position on the chains.
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention, and the means
we employ for carrying the same into effect, we would have it understood
that we do not confine ourselves to the precise details herein shewn and
described, as variations may be made therein without departing from the
peculiar character of any part of our Invention; but what we do claim is,―
First, the so arranging and combining apparatus employed in the manufac-
ture of cast metal pipes and tubes that a number of moulding boxes may bo
supported upon a rotating or other traversing carriage or frame, in order that
the successive operations referred to may be simultaneously performed with
different moulding boxes of the series, as explained. Also we claim the
forming moulding boxes when so used in the manufacture of cast metal pipes
and tubes, each capable of opening in the direction of its length, & with a
hinged bottom or core seat, as explained.
And, secondly, we claim the arranging and combining parts of apparatus
for drying cores used in the manufacture of cast metal pipes and tubes, ns
explained.
In witness whereof, we, the said Robert Crosland and William Holiday,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Seventeenth day of
November, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
fifty-four
Witness,
WILLIAM BROOKES,
Patent Agent.
ROBT CROSLAND.
(L.S.)
WILLIAM HOLIDAY. (L.S.)