Improvements in the Manufacture of Briquettes or Blocks of Fuel, from Waste Products or otherwise, enriched by Petroleum Com-
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Feb., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 13th Nov., 1897-Accepted, 18th Dec., 1897
Improvements in the Manufacture of Briquettes or Blocks of Fuel,
from Waste Products or otherwise, enriched by Petroleum Com-
pounds
I, JOHN WOOD LEADBEATER, of 55, Banstead Grove, Roundhay Road, Leeds,
in the county of York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
It has reference to the production of briquettes or blocks of artificial fuel, so
called, enriched with petroleum compounds; and it has for its object the manu-
facture of briquettes enriched with a petroleum compound that will not melt
and run in the firing; which briquettes may be formed, on the one hand, from
waste products. (such as town's refuse for instance) which might prove other-
wise commercially unburnable; or from rich coal dust which it is desired to make
of still greater calorific value.
I carry out my invention as follows:-
I take a petroleum compound which is made from a suitable quantity of
petroleum, which may be quite crude or otherwise, (petroleum refuse, sometimes
called "astaki" will do) by adding thereto small proportions of animal or vegetable
stearine, resin, lime, and sawdust (or the like), suitably mixing the whole with the
application of as little heat as possible, in order to retain the maximum amount
of volatile matter.
The petroleum compound, supposing it to have been allowed to cool, is first
suitably pulverised, or otherwise treated, and a proportional amount of the powder
(from five to ten per cent will probably be found effective in ordinary cases) is
added, at any convenient stage of the mixing process, to the other dust (or the
like) which is to be made up into briquettes along with the necessary agglutinant.
When the agglutinant itself is an enricher, a smaller proportion of the Com-
pound may suffice, but when otherwise, a larger proportion must be added to
bring the complete briquette up to a satisfactory calorific value.
When the Compound is used in the warm, semi-liquid state, due to its prepara-
tion, it should be run in and amongst the other ingredients, out of which the
briquettes are being formed, at a stage suitable to its condition, so that all may
finally cool together.
From what is here set out, it will be seen that very poor coal, town's refuse,
sewage refuse, and the like, may, by the aid of an enriching compound, be formed
into burnable briquettes to the advantage of all concerned. Whilst, on the other
hand, the richest coal dust may be still further enriched, in order to make
briquettes of still higher calorific value; for use, for instance, on board ships
where the coal bunker room is limited and therefore valuable, especially on
torpedo boats; and also for use on Motor Cars, where a fuel of high calorific

page_text: value occupying a minimum space is also much wanted. In which ever way the
briquette is produced there will be no melting and running in the final firing.
Dated this 12th day of February 1897.
WM. SNOWDON,
Agent for the Applicant
(Box W.S) 24 Basinghall Street Leeds, Yorks.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Briquettes or Blocks of Fuel,
from Waste Products or otherwise, enriched by Petroleum Com-
pounds.
I, JOHN WOOD LEADBEATER, of 55, Banstead Grove, Roundhay Road, Leeds,
in the county of York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement: --
This Invention has reference to the production of briquettes or blocks of so
called artificial fuel, and it has for its object the manufacture of briquettes en-
riched with a petroleum compound that will not melt and run during combus-
tion, the main constituents of which briquettes may be waste products (such as
town's refuse, dried sewage sludge, and the like for instance) otherwise commerci-
ally unburnable, or carbonaceous matter, such for example, as coal dust, peat,
or the like, which it is desired to make of greater calorific value, or mixtures of
such waste products and carbonaceous matter.
I carry out my invention as follows:--
I take a petroleum compound, which, is made from a suitable quantity of
petroleum (by petroleum I mean any known or available mineral oils, which may
be crude or otherwise, such as mineral oil residue or refuse, for instance "astatki")
to which is added small proportions of animal or vegetable stearine (that is to
say, a solid fat or solid fatty acid), resin, lime, and sawdust (or other similar
absorbent), the whole being mixed with the application of as little heat as possible
in order to retain the maximum amount of volatile matter. The said ingredients
are hereinafter referred to shortly as stearine, resin, lime, and sawdust. The
proportions, which will vary according to circumstances, may for example be
approximately as follows. To every one hundred and twenty-eight parts (by
weight) of petroleumi I add one part of animal or vegetable stearine, twelve parts
of resin, eight parts of unslaked lime, and eight parts of sawdust (preferably of a
light and absorbent nature). In the process of mixing I prefer to first melt the
stearine and resin together in the same vessel, preferably in a steam-jacketted pan
heated by low pressure steam, using only the amount of heat necessary to melt
the stearine and resin (if desired to thin the mixture, a little of the petroleum
may be added at this stage, taking care to use as little heat as possible). I mix the
lime and sawdust together, and I add them to, and stir them in the petroleum,
which, standing in its independent vessel, is of course cold; I then turn off
steam from the pan, and add the mixture of petroleum, lime and sawdust to the
other ingredients in the pan, agitating the whole thoroughly to ensure a proper
admixture. The resulting compound when cold is a fairly hard substance, but if
a harder or softer substance be required it may be made by using a different per-
centage of the ingredients. I therefore do not bind myself to the exact propor-
tions of the various ingredients hereinbefore given.

page_text: Or the ingredients may be so proportioned that the mixture when cold is in a
state somewhat approaching that of a fluid, which will set when mixed with small
fuel, or other such dust, and made into briquettes.
The petroleum compound, supposing it to have been allowed to set, is first
pulverised or divided and a proportional amount thereof (from five to ten per cent
will generally be sufficient) is added at any convenient stage of the mixing process
to the other matter (referred to hereinafter as the "small fuel ") which is to be
made into briquettes with the addition of an agglutinant. When the petroleum
compound is used in a state somewhat approaching that of a fluid, it should be
mixed with the small fuel of which the briquettes are being formed at a stage
suitable to its condition, and also to that of the small fuel as hereinafter explained,
so that all may finally set together (during pressing or after being pressed.).
When the compound is used in the solid form with a pulverisable agglutinant
or binder (such as pitch) I prefer to add both the compound and the agglutinant
to the small fuel and pulverise all together to ensure a uniform mixture. Tho
materials are then agglomerated by heat, pressed into briquettes, and allowed to
set.
When the compound is used in a state somewhat approaching that of a fluid
with a pulverisable agglutinant, I add the compound after pulverisation of the
other ingredients has taken place, mixing all (vir: the small fuel, agglutinant
and compound) throughly together in a pug-mill and passing the mixed materials
at once forward to be pressed into briquettes, after which they are allowed to set.
When the compound is used in a state somewhat approaching that of a fluid with
an agglutinant in a similar state both may be added to the small fuel (which is
preferably pulverised) in a pug-mill, and there thoroughly mixed, previous to
being passed to the press, after which the briquettes may be allowed to set. This
setting at or after, the pressing stage is the more important when the mixing
mill is also a heater, as for instance, when pitch is used as an agglutinant. When
the compound briquette material is heated it should be pressed whilst hot.
Poor coal, peat or other carbonaceous matter, town's refuse, sewage refuse, and
the like, may by the aid of the enriching compound be formed into burnable
briquettes, whilst good coal dust may be further enriched in order to make there-
from briquettes of higher calorific value for use, for instance, on board ships whero
the coal bunker room is limited and therefore valuable especially on torpedo boats,
and also for use on motor cars, where a fuel of high calorific value occupying a
minimum space is required.
The agglutinants or binders which I prefer to use are simple ones, such as
pitch, starch and the like, as these are in no way detrimental to the compound.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said In-
vention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:--
1. The manufacture and production of briquettes, or blocks of fuel, from wasta
products or other carbonaceous matter enriched with a mixture of petroleum,
stearine, resin, lime and sawdust; substantially as hereinbefore described.
2. The manufacture and production of briquettes or blocks of fuel by adding
the aforesaid petroleum compound in a granulated or divided condition to the
matter forming the other components of the briquettes and agglomerating and
pressing the mixture; substantially as hereinbefore described.
3. The manufacture and production of briquettes or blocks of fuel by adding
the aforesaid petroleum compound in a state somewhat approaching that of a
fluid to the matter forming the other components of the briquettes during or just
before agglomerating and then pressing the mixture; substantially as hetein-
before described.
4. The manufacture and production of briquettes or blocks of fuel by mixing
with the matter forming the main bulk of the briquettes the aforesaid petroleum

page_text: compound and pitch, starch or other agglutinant, and then subjecting the mixture
to pressure; substantially as hereinbefore described.
1
1
101
of NowT 1907
WM. SNOWDON
(Agent for the applicant).
(Box. W.S.); 24, Basinghall Street. Leeds. Yorks.
WM. SNOWDON
(Agent for the applicant).
(Box. W.S.); 24, Basinghall Street. Leeds. Yorks.