IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY, FOR MANUFACTURING SHOES FOR HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Davies, of No. 1, Serle Street, Lincoln's
Inn, in the County of Middlesex, and No. 28, St. Enoch Square, in the
City of Glasgow, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY, FOR MANUFACTURING SHOES FOR HORSES AND
OTHER ANIMALS."A communication from abroad by Thomas Randolph
Taylor, of Cleveland, Ohio, in the United States of America.
Sealed the '11th March 1862, and dated the 9th October 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Davies at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
· October 1861.
I, GEORGE DAVIES, of No. 1, Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County
of Middlesex, and No. 28, St. Enoch Square, in the City of Glasgow,'
Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING SHOES FOR
HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS," (a communication to me from abroad by
Thomas Randolph Taylor, of Cleveland, Ohio, in the United States of America,)
to be as follows:-
The main framing of the machine supports in suitable bearings three shafts,
connected together by gearing, and caused to rotate at the same speed. Below

page_text: these shafts and at right angles thereto are two horizontal mandrils in a line
with each other, fitted so as to be capable of sliding longitudinally in fixed
guides. At their inner ends these mandrils are fitted respectively with dies,
one being a male die, the form of the transverse section of which corresponds
with the desired form of the interior of the shoe, and has square projections,
one on each side, below the point corresponding with the heel of the shoe;
the other is a female die, the inner side of which is formed to fit the exterior
of the former, and has at its lower part two recesses (one on each side) oppo-
site to the projections on the other die, and also a taper recess at the top where
the toe of the shoe comes. The former are to turn the back caulks of the
shoe, and the latter to form the toe caulk or tip. The end or face of the
female die has projections on it which form the grooves and nail prints in
the shoe.
These two dies have a reciprocating motion to and from each other imparted
to them by cranks or other gear connected to two of the shafts above named,
the female die having a regular motion, and the male die an intermittent one,
being stationary during half the revolution of its shaft.
There is a slide so arranged as to work vertically in guides in the frame-
work, and in the lower part of this slide is an opening through which the male
dio freely passes; and to the outer face of this slide are attached two jaws,
cach of which is furnished with a recess of the form of one half of the exterior
of the shoe, so that when the said jaws are closed upon the male die and the
two dies are brought to the proper distance apart, their four surfaces combine
to form a mould of the desired form of the shoe. The jaws are kept apart by
a spring, and brought together by their lower ends (which are wedge-shaped)
coming between two bevilled projections on the frame each time the slide
descends. The slide is caused to rise and fall at proper intervals by a crank
attached to the third of the above-mentioned shafts.
The portions of the jaws which contain the recesses project some distance in
front of the lower portions, and in the under side of such projecting parts there
are grooves which serve as guides to the iron under operation, and prevent its
lateral displacement during the bending thereof to form the shoe.
The machine is provided with a suitable cutter for cutting the iron off into
proper lengths to form a shoe, the moveable part of which cutter is operated
by the mandril of the male die.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Davies in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
9th April 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
DAVIES, of No. 1, Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County of Middlesex, and
No. 28, St. Enoch Square, in the City of Glasgow, Civil Engineer and Patent
Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said George Davies, Her special licence that I, the said George
Davies, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, tho
said George Davies, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING SHOES FOR HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS," a
communication to me from abroad by Thomas Randolph Taylor, of Cleveland,
Ohio, in the United States of America, upon the condition, amongst others,
that I, the said George Davies, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Davies, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement in writing, and on reference to the accompanying Drawings, that is
to say:-
The main framing of the machine supports in suitable bearings three shafts,
connected together by gearing, and caused to rotate at the same speed. Below
these shafts and at right angles thereto are two horizontal mandrils in a line
with other, fitted so as to be capable of sliding longitudinally in fixed guides.
At their inner ends these mandrils are fitted respectively with dies, one being
a male die, the form of the transverse section of which corresponds with the

page_text: desired form of the interior of the shoe, and has square. projections one on
each side, below the point corresponding with the heel of the shoe; the other
is a female die, the inner side of which is formed to fit the exterior. of the
former, and has at its lower part two recesses (one on each side) opposite to
the projections on the other die, and also a taper recess at the top where the
toe of the shoe comes. The former are to turn the back caulks of the shoe,
and the latter to form the toe caulk or tip. The end or face of the femalo
dio has projections on it which form the grooves and nail prints in the shoe.
These two dies have a reciprocating motion to and from each other imparted
to them by cranks or other gear connected to two of the shafts above named,
the female die having a regular motion, and the male die an intermittent one,
being stationary during half the revolution of its shaft.
:
:
There is a slide so arranged as to work vertically in guides in the frame-
work, and in the lower part of this slide is an opening through which the malo
die freely passes; and to the outer face of this slide are attached two jaws, cach
of which is furnished with a recess of the form of one half of the exterior of
the shoe, so that when the said jaws are closed upon the male die and the two
dies are brought to the proper distance apart; their four surfaces combine to
form a mould of the desired form of the shoe. The jaws are kept apart by a
spring, and brought together by their lower ends (which are wedge-shaped)
coming between two bevilled projections on the frame each time the slide
descends. The slide is caused to rise and fall at proper intervals by a crank
attached to the third of the above-mentioned shafts.
The portions of the jaws which contain the recesses project some distance in
front of the lower portions, and in the under side of such projecting parts there
are grooves
which serve as guides to the iron under under operation, and
prevent its lateral displacement during the bending thereof to form the shoe.
The machine is provided with a suitable cutter for cutting the iron off into
proper lengths to form a shoe, the moveable part of which cutter is operated
by the mandril of the male die.
Such being the nature and object of the said Invention for "Improvements
in Machinery for Manufacturing Shoes for Horses and other Animals," I will
now proceed to describe more in detail the manner in which the same is to be
or may be performed or carried into practical effect. And in order that the
same may be distinctly understood, I have annexed hereunto a Sheet of Draw-
ings illustrative thereof, and have marked the same with figures and letters of
reference corresponding with those in the following explanation thereof, that is
to say:
Figure 1 is a plan of the machine; Figure 2 is a vertical section of the

page_text: same, taken nearly in the planes indicated by the line a, a, of Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a vertical section of the same, in the plane indicated by the
line y, y, of Figure 1; Figures 4, 5, and 6, are vertical sections of the dies on
a larger scale than the other Figures. Similar letters of reference indicate
corresponding parts in the several Figures.
A is a strong bed plate, and B, C, D, E, standards erected upon it, and
combining with it, to constitute the framing of the machine; F is the
horizontal main shaft of the macbine, working in a bearing on the standard D,
and another on the standard E, furnished with a fly wheel M, and geared by
spur wheels F, G, H, and 1', with the parallel horizontal shafts G, H, I, of
which I works in bearings on the standards B and D; G works in bearings a, a,
resting on the bed plate, and H works in bearings b, b, resting on the bed
plate. The spur wheels G, H, I, which all gear with F', are all of the
same size, so that their shafts G, H, I, are all caused to rotate at the same
velocity; K and L are two horizontal mandrels, arranged near the bed plato,
in a line with each other, but at right angles to the several shafts before
described, and fitted so as to slide longitudinally in stationary guides c, c, and
d, d. The mandrel K has secured to the end next the mandrel La male
die N, the form of whose transverse section (shown in Figure 2) corresponds
with the intended form of the interior of the shoe; and the said die has square
projections 10, 10, one on each side, below the point corresponding with the
length of the shoe, such projections being at a distance from the end of the
said die, somewhat greater than the intended thickness of the shoe, as will be
understood by reference to Figures 5 and 6. The mandrel L has secured to
the end next the mandrel K a female die O, the inside of which is formed to
fit the exterior of the male die N, and the exterior of which is of the intended
form of the outside of the shoe; and the said female die has in its lower part
two square recesses 11, 11, one on each side, and a taper recess fat the top,
where the front of the shoe comes. The recesses 11, 11, are of such form
that by the entrance of the male die into the female die with the shoe (which
has been previously partly formed by parts of the machine to be presently
described between their ends or faces, the projections 10, 10, on the male die
will turn the back caulk under the corners of the said recesses, as shown in
Figure 5, where the finished shoe is represented in red color, and the back
caulks are indicated by the letters e, e. The recess is to operate in com-
bination with means to be presently described to form the front caulk or toe
piece. The end of this female die is to be suitably formed for making the
recess or groove, and the nail prints of the shoe. The female die O derives a
regular reciprocating motion towards and from the male die from a crank h,

page_text: attached to the shaft G, the pin of the said crank being received in a box i
(see Figure 3) that is fitted to slide in a straight vertical slot j in the mandrel
L, the advancing movement taking place during one half, and the reiterating
movement during the other half of every revolution of the said shaft. The
male die N also receives a reciprocating movement toward and from the
female die, but this movement is effected during one half of each revolution of
the shaft H, from which it derives motion, and the die is stationary during-the
other half of the revolution of the said shaft, the suspension of its motion
taking place after it has completed its advance. This movement of the said
die is produced by the pin of a crank k on the shaft I working in a semi-
circular slot in the mandrel K, the said crank being so arranged relatively to
the crank h before' described, that the male die nearly completes its advance
towards the female die before the advance of the latter commences. P is a
broad slide, arranged to work vertically in guides m, m, in the standard C,
with its face at right angles to the axes of the mandrels K, L. In the middle
of the lower part of this slide there is an opening m¹ large enough for the
male die to work freely through. To the outer face of the said slide there are
attached, by two pins n, n, two similar swinging jaws R, R, in the front part
of each of which there is a recess p (see Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6,) of the
form of one half of the exterior of the shoe, such recesses extending back
about two-thirds through the said jaws, and at the back of each there is a
smaller recess q (see Figures 2 and 4), which extends right through to the
back of the said jaws, such smaller recesses being each of the size and form of
one half of the interior of the shoe, so that when the said dies are closed the
back of the recess formed by the combination of the recesses p, p, is of the
form of the upper side or face of the shoe; the said jaws being closed upon
the male die, and the male and female dies being brought with the face or
end of the female die at a proper distance from the back of the recess p, p,
the whole combine to form a mould of the intended form of the shoe. In the
front upper parts of the recesses p, p, there are small taper recesses r,,
which assist in forming the front caulk or toe piece, as will be presently
described. Between the jaws R, R, there is applied a strong spring at S,
which tends to force them apart, but is prevented from forcing them very far
by means of two stops t, t, on the front of the slide P. The outer sides of the
lower portions of the jaws are bevilled off in a wedge form, as shown at u, u,
in Figures 2 and 4, for the purpose of enabling the jaws to be closed by the
descent of their lower portions in contact with the bevilled sides of a hole v, v,
in the bed plate, as shown in Figure 4. The portions of the said jaws which
contain the recesses p, p, project some distance in front of the lower portions,

page_text: and in the bottoms of such projecting portions there are grooves, 2, which
serve as guides to the bar from which the shoe is made, in the commencement
a slotted
of the forging or forming operation. The aforesaid slide P has
head P¹, in whose slot W there works the pin of a crank Q, attached to the
upper shaft I for the purpose of producing an upward and downward move-
ment of the slide, the form of the said slot and arrangement of the crank being
such that the said slide is made to commence its descent soon after the
mandrel K commences its advance, and to continue its descent for some time
after the said mandrel and the attached male die become stationary, but to
remain stationary during the latter part of the time that the said mandrel is
stationary, and during the latter portion of the advance of the female die, and
to commence rising again simultaneously with the commencement of the
retreat of the male and female dies N and O. T is a fixed cutter, secured
in T', bolted to the bed plate at the side of one of the jaws R, and having a
vertical cutting edge; U is a moveable cutter, also having a vertical cutting
edge, attached to a horizontal slide U', which works parallel with the
mandrels K and L through to a guide in the standard C, and rests on the
cutter block T The said slide U¹ is connected with a horizontal lever V, one
end of which is attached to a fixed fulerum 7, and the other end by a pin 8 to
the mandrel K, so that the cutter slide advances to cut off the bar at the same
time that the mandrel K advances.
The operation of the machine is as follows:-Power being applied to the
fly wheel M by means of a driving belt to give rotary motion to the shaft F in
the direction of the arrow marked upon the spur wheel F¹ in Figure 3, the
shafts G, H, I, are caused by the gearing to rotate in the direction of the
arrows marked upon their spur wheels, and the several parts of the machine
are caused to have the relative movements already described. Every time the
slide P is raised, the bar g from which the shoe is to be made, having been
previously heated, is pushed by the attendant of the machine in the direction
of the arrow shown near it in Figure 2 through the groove 12 in the top of
the cutter slide U¹, and through the grooves z, z, in the jaws as far as necessary,
which may be regulated by a suitably arranged stop. The mandrel K then
advancing with the male die, brings with it the cutter slide U³, and cutter U,
and also effects the cutting off of the piece to form the shoe. The jaws R, R,
immediately afterwards descending with the slide P, receive the rim in the
front or outer part of their recesses p, p, and so bend it over the male die, closing
as they enter the opening v, v, of the bed plate, and and so closing the heel
part of the shoe over the lower part of the male die, and swaging the iron, so
as to force a sufficient portion of it upwards into the small recesses r, as shown

page_text: in Figure 6, to form the caulk or toe piece. The jaws then remain firmly
closed while the mandrel L advances with the female die, and drives the
partly formed shoe back along the outside of the male die till it arrives at the
back of the recess p, p, by which part of the operation the ends are turned up,
as shown in Figure 5, to form the heel caulks e, e, and the portion which was
swaged up into the recesses r, ?, of the jaws, is turned back into the recess f,
to form the toe caulk, and the crease and nail prints are made, thus completing.
the shoe. The die N is then withdrawn, and such withdrawal being imme-
diately afterwards followed by the ascent and consequent opening by the spring
S of the jaws R, R, and afterwards by the retreat of the female die O, the
shoe is released and drops through the opening v, v, in the bed plate, leaving
the parts of the machine in a condition to commence their operation again,
when the piece of iron is fed into the machine again, as before described.
The same machine can be used for mule or cattle shoes by making the dies
of proper shape, two cattle shoes being made from each piece of metal that is
fed in; but being left joined at the toes, to be afterwards cut apart, and for
making nuts and washers by inserting suitable dies.
It is designed to attach to the machine, in close proximity to the dics N
and O and the jaws R, a suitable device for the purpose of insuring the
removal of the shoe from the dies after the shoe is formed, as the nature of the
case may require.
It is designed also to attach to the machine a device for the purpose of
feeding in the bar from which the shoes are made, instead of feeding in the
bar by hand.
66
Having now described the nature and object of the said Invention for
Improvements in Machinery for Manufacturing Shoes for Horses and other
Animals," together with the manner in which the same is to be or may be
performed or carried into practical effect, I would remark, in conclusion, that
I claim as the Invention communicated to me by the aforesaid Thomas
Randolph Taylor,-
Firstly, a reciprocating male die N, a reciprocating female die O, and a
pair of recessed reciprocating and swinging jaws R, R, arranged and operating
in relation to each other, substantially as herein described.
Secondly, the projections 10, 10, on the male die, and the recesses 11, 11,
in the female die, operating together, substantially as described, to produce the
heel caulks on the shoe.
Thirdly, the recesses r, r, in the swinging jaws R, R, and the recess fin
the female die O, the said recesses operating in conjunction with the other
parts of the jaws and female die, as described, to produce the toe caulk.

page_text: Fourthly, effecting the closing of the swinging jaws R, R, by their descent
into an opening v, v, in the bed plate of the machine, substantially as herein
described.
Fifthly, the attachment of the moveable cutter U to a slide U¹, arranged
and operated by the mandrel of the male die N, substantially as herein
specified.
Sixthly, the slide P, with its slotted head P¹ and moveable jaws R, R,
arranged and operating as and for the purpose described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Davies, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Ninth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
GEORGE DAVIES. (L.S.)