Improvements in and relating to Granite, Stone, and Marble Sawing Machinery.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 31st Dec, 1898
Complete Specification Left, 31st Oct, 1899-Accepted, 23rd Dec., 1899
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Granite, Stone, and Marble Sawing
Machinery.
I, JAMES TOWNSLEY PEARSON, of St James' Hall, Burnley, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows.
Its objects are to facilitate and minimise the cost of sawing stone, granite,
and marble to increase the diameter of circular saws used for that purpose so
as to permit of deeper cuts being made and laige blocks being dealt with:
to enable larger boaits, carbons, oi diamonds to be used in such blades than have
hitherto been employed so as to prolong their use and reduce the frequency of
setting same: to allow of a laigei number of cuts to be made in a given time:
to reduce the thickness of blades (in proportion with then increased diameter)
to the lowest minimum to substitute spiegel for diamonds, and utilise band saws
with diamond teeth for cutting granite, stone and maible
These desirable objects may be attained in the following manne
On a foundation composed of concrete, stone, biick, or the like, I fix a cast-iron
bed, so aanged as to receive a heavy slide-block having pedestals thereon to
receive the bearings of a shaft, the latter being carried on the centre of the block
longitudinally
One extremity of the shaft projects beyond one end of the bed & the face
of the foundation supporting it, & a circular saw blade is attached thereto by
means of flanges, lock-nuts, &c
A guaid for covering the upper half of the edge of the blade is supported by
means of brackets attached to the slide-block and steadiers in the shape of pegs,
or the like, foi reducing vibration, penetrate the guard at the clown and on a level
with or a little higher than the blade-shaft, and may be adjusted so as to nearly
touch the blade and prevent its shaking unduly
Nozzles connected with a water-pipe & reseion of water may be employed
80 as to convey or throw jet of water on to the sides of the edge of the blade &
into the cut or kert of the stone.
Near the opposite extremity of the shaft a pulley is securely attached for the
purpose of driving it from a wide drum situated above on a shaft duiven in any
suitable manne
A loose pulley may also be provided on the saw-shaft
This end of the shaft may also project beyond the back end of the slide-block
& foundation, & may carry fast or loose pulleys to dive it from the line shaft
This fast pulley may also be used foi diving a shaft to traverse the truck or
bogey (hereinafter referred too,) or additional fast or loose pulleys may be provided
theleon for that purpose
The slide-block is provided with a lack on its underside which engages with a
toothed or woim wheel actuated by a hand wheel, by which means the block &
the shaft, blade &c. which it carries can be tiaveised.
The centre of the shaft is a suitable height above the ground to take a blade of

page_text: the desired diameter & permit of a block or blocks of stone being carried on a
boger or waggon running on rails, to be sawn.
This waggon is also provided with two racks on each side under the table, one
above the other, but not in the same plane
The toothed wheel for engaging with the racks may be mounted on a sleeve
fitting loosely on the squale end of the traversing shaft.
This sleeve may be moved on the shaft by means of a forked lever the bifui-
cated ends clipping the sleeve and the handle being pivoted on a suitable holder
01 support
To advance the waggon the forked lever is moved in the desired duection &
the toothed wheel is caused to engage with the lower rack to retuin it, it engages
with the top one, the actuating shaft running in the opposite duection to that in
which the waggon advances.
By starting the machine the bogey canying the block or blocks of stone to be
sawn, is caused to advance in the direction of the revolving blade, with which the
stone comes in contact & 18 sawn through both in depth & length, the posi-
tion of the saw having been adjusted by the hand wheel already described.
When the blade has penetrated through the block or blocks the bogey 18 caused
to return in the manner above described or by reversing the traveising shaft by
means of another pulley diven by a crossed stiap from the saw-shaft or line-shaft,
loose pulleys being provided for the strap to run on when the truck 18 advancing.
Hitherto it has been impossible to obtain cucular blades for sawing stone laiger
in diameter than 7'4" without being unnecessarily thick, entailing a great waste
of stone on account of the wide cut made
By increasing the diameter of such blades their efficiency 18 augmented propoi-
tionately and their thickness can be increased accordingly, the disadvantages of
the increased width of cut made being minimised by the increased depth of the out
& the extra depth of the block, or blocks which may in consequence be dealt with.
The extra thickness of the blade will also be highly beneficial in-as-much as
large diamonds may be used
Hitherto the diamonds used in the circular blades of machinery for stoue
have, on account of the thinness of the blade been confined in size to those weighing
about 1/3rd of a caiat
The thickness of the blade for making a cut 3 feet deep being only 5/16ths"
and the hole therein for the reception of the disc or holder, containing the
diamond being 1/8th deep, the size of the diamonds used (which are oblong and
resemble a potatoe in shape without points or coineis) are confined to those
about 1/8th of an inch across and 3/16ths long, consequently the amount of grip
held by the holder is very small, and as it wears away in use the diamonds are soon
1eady to drop out and consequently require taking out and resetting at frequent
periods, necessitating much time and expense.
Further, as these small diamonds are subject to crack and beak, the bioken
particles are seldom large enough to be used again.
By increasing the thickness of the blade and the disc or holder proportionately a
larger diamond may be used, and although it need not project any further from the
edge or periphery of the blade than a smaller diamond when in a blade of a less
thickness: a greater portion of it will be surrounded or embodied in the holder,
increasing the gap accordingly and reducing the necessity for carefully watching
for the moment when it should be taken out, and reset, so as to prevent its falling
out and being lost, and the cost and expense is curtailed proportionately, in addi-
tion to which when split or bioken the particles may be used again
By increasing the thickness of the blade a much thicker plate or sheet may be
used, as the cost of reducing it to the thickness required for use 18 much less than
it would be for a thinner blade of the same diameter, therefore a triple advantage
18 gained in as much as a blade with a large diameter permits of a deeper stone
being cut, its increased thickness allows of larger diamonds being inserted, and a
thicker plate or sheets may be utilised.

page_text: As at present plates or sheets, say 10 feet square suitable for a blade 3 metres or
9 ft. 10" diameter cannot be obtained less than " thick, I place them on a suitable
lathe and turn them down to the desired thickness, (11 m/m for a 3 metre blade),
and then grind them, prior to which operation they are pressed and hammered flat.
Another important advantage accruing from the use of thicker blades is that
they are not so subject to wag or wobble as thinner blades, a fault which not only
damages, maika, or scratches the sawn surface of the stone, but also has a tendency
to loose and damage the diamonds
Hitherto it has been customary to drill round holes about 1" diameter round the
edge of the blade on either side to receive the disc or holder of the diamond.
When the edge of the blade is worn down the blade has to be cut, reducing it in
diameter and new holes have to be sunk
In order to obviate or minimise this recutting, instead of the round holes I
provided slots about three times as long as the diameter of the disc or holder so that
as the edge of the blade is won the discs or holders can be set back
The surplus of the slot is filled up with a piece of steel or solder, or both.
In order to reduce the wear of the edge of the blade the holder may be rectan-
gula in shape so as to nearly fill the slot in the blade and project beyond its edge
(the remainder of the cavity being filled with solder) this will also dispense with
the necessity of having to corrugate the edge of the blade as heretofore
Hitherto the locknuts used for holding the flanges and blades tight on to the
screwed shaft of machines with a shaft supported at each end by bearings resting
on pedestals or piers and between which the bogey or truck carrying the stone to be
Sawn passes, have been made in one piece, necessitating the removal or lifting of
the shaft to take them off and renew them
I therefore make them in two parts so as to clip two pieces threaded to fit on the
screwed shaft, the whole being held together by means of bolts and nuts so as to
grip the shaft tightly.
In order to have several blades of varying diameters on this screwed shaft, and
employ one or more of them in cutting while the others are inoperative, I provide
them with split flanges and bosses so that those for the blades not required for
cutting can be readily removed and the blades pushed to the end of the shaft
close to the foundation pier or support out of the way of the others in use, and
so as to dispense with the necessity of taking the blades off the shaft
The flanges and bosses of the blades are split-in two parts-so as to clip the
shaft and be held firmly thereto by means of bolts and nuts
The bosses are made of various lengths so as to separate the blades the requisite
distance apart to cut the gauge or width required
In order to steady the blades on such shafts and reduce their vibration I employ
a steadiei-carrier, which may be attached to a cross-piece stretching between the
end of the pedestals or supports of the shaft
This carrier may be in the form of a rail, rectangular or otherwise in shape, on
which the steadiers, which are bifurcated, may slide and be adjusted to the edge
of the blade the latter passing between the fork, and having studs at the extremities
of each member thereof, which may be set so as to touch each side of the edge of the
blade, or nearly so
This carrier can be arranged so as to be readily taken off or turned up out of
the way
The carrier may also be arranged to run on grooved rollers on a rod stretched
between and supported at each end on the pedestals carrying the saw-shaft
A bolt passes vertically through the body of the carrier and is provided with a
hook to catch hold of the underside of the rod, the top of the bolt is screwed and
provided with a nut so as to secure the carrier to the rod when the steadier or
steadiers are placed in position.
These carriers also support the ends of a guard or cover which is held over the
blade and catches the water thrown off by it
The underedges of the guard are at such a distance from the saw-shaft as to allow

page_text: the blade to be moved sideways on the shaft without coming in contact with the
former
By this arrangement the guard need not be raised as heretofore before moving
the blade
In order to produce a smoother surface on the sawn stone 1 provide the sides
of the blade with a slight projection so as to scrape while the blade is cutting
These projections are formed by means of a piece of steel doubled together and
inserted in a recess in the side of the blade to which they can be secured by a
screw or solder.
One or more of them may be used with their longitudinal sides at night-angles
to the edge of the blade with one side projecting slightly beyond the surface
of the latter, the convex or folded edge being fixed with its back in the direction
in which the saw revolves
Band saws mounted and worked in the well-known manner for cutting wood
having diamonds, boarts, carbons, or spegel inserted in the cutting edge, to act in
substitution of the ordinary teeth, may be utilised for sawing stone instead of
the methods above referred to
In order to minimise the thickness of band saws, also circular blades of less
diameter than 5/16ths", and allow of a diamond or cutter with its minor dimension
equal to the thickness of the blade to be used, the holder of the cutter may be
inserted in a taper hole at the side of the periphery or edge of the blade a little
larger than the size of the holder of the blade
Instead of Cape boats, Brazilian carbons, or other diamond pieces of spiegel con-
taining about 10 to 20% of Manganese may be used either in the ocular cr
band saws set in a suitable holder inserted in the blade, or soldered into a hole
or recess therein.
The diamonds are set in a holder which consists of a thin flat piece of steel heated
to a red heat and doubled together with the diamond between and pressed into a
disc by means of a punch
The holders are fixed into the hole sunk near the edge of the blade by means of
solder.
Improvements in and relating to Granite, Stone, and Marble Sawing
Machinery.
I, JAMES TOWNSLEY PEARSON, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement
-
*
Its objects are to facilitate, expedite and minimise the cost of sawing granite,
stone & marble
In order that the invention may be fully understood I now describe and attach
hereto sheets of drawings or illustrations of the same
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal elevation
Fig 2 18 a hack view of the transveise elevation, and
Fig 3 is a plan of a machine constructed in accordance with my invention
Figs 4 to 11, mcluding 1", are also illustrations of other parts of the invention
As shown by Figs 1, 2 and 3, on a foundation 1, composed of concrete, stone,
brick, or the like, I fix a cast-11 on bed 2, so aanged as to receive a heavy slide-

page_text: block 3, having pedestals 4 thereon, to receive the bearings of a shaft 5, the latter
being carried on the centre of the block longitudinally.
One extremity of the shaft projects beyond one end of the bed and the face
of the foundation supporting it, and a circular saw blade 6, 18 attached thereto by
means of flanges 7, and lock-nut 8
A guard 9 for covering the upper half of the edge of the blade is supported by
means of brackets 10 attached to the slide-block, and steadiers in the shape of
pega, 10, for reducing vibration, may penetrate the guard at the crown; or on a
level with, or a little higher than the blade-shaft, and may be adjusted so as to
nearly touch the blade and prevent its shaking unduly
Nozzles connected with a water-pipe and reservon of water may be employed
so as to convey or throw a jet of water on to the sides of the edge of the blade
and into the cut or kerf of the stone.
Near the back extremity of the shaft, 5, pullies 11 and 12, are securely attached
for the purpose of driving it from the wide drum, 13, situated above on a line or
counter-shaft duiven in any suitable manner.
A loose pulley, 14, may also be provided on this counter-shaft with suitable strap
fork and levels for transmitting it from one to the other
The slide-block, 3, 18 provided with a rack, 15, on its underside which engages
with a pinion or worm-wheel, 16, on the shaft, 16-shewn in dotted lines,
actuated by a hand-wheel and pinions, 17, by which means the block and the shaft,
blade &c can be traveised.
The centre of the shaft, 6, is a suitable height above the ground to take a
blade, 6, of the desued diameter and permit of a block or blocks of stone, 18, being
carried on a bogey or waggon, 19, running on rails, 20
This waggon is also provided with four racks, 21 and 21ª, and 22 & 22ª, two
on each side under the table, (an upper and a lower one), and is actuated by the
toothed-wheel, 2-3, on the actuating or traversing shaft, 24.
The toothed-wheel, 21, for engaging with the racks may be mounted on a sleeve
or clutch, 25, see Fig 1,-fitting loosely on the square end of the actuating or
traversing shaft, 24.
This sleeve may be moved on the shaft by means of the forked lever, 26, the
bifurcated ends, 27, clipping the, sleeve the lever being pivoted on the holder or
support, 28
To advance the waggon, the forked lever is moved in the desued direction
and the toothed-wheel 18 caused to engage with the lower rack, 21, and to return it,
it engages with the top rack, 21,—the actuating shaft 24, running in the opposite
direction to that in which the waggon advances
Provision is also made for the clutch or sleeve (25) to allow the pinion (23) to
be shot bevond or short of the racks, so as to disengage therewith and stop the feed
and allow the bogey to be drawn out
This shaft, 24, is driven in the following manner
A fast pulley, 29, (and also a loose pulley, 30), is carried on the shaft, 31, and
drives by means of a strap, 32, the fast and loose pullies 33 and 34 mounted on
the shaft, 35, and pedestals, 36, the latter being provided with a suitable strap fork
and level for moving the stiap fiom one pulley to the other
Shaft, 35, also carries the step or cone pulley 37.
These cone pulleys are connected by the strap, 38, to cone pulleys, 39, on-
shaft, 40, which they drive.
Shaft 40, also canes the woim 41 which engages with and drives the worm-wheel
42, which is securely attached to the sliding-clutch-sleeve mounted on the
shaft 44, and tuins the hevel-wheel 45 gearing into wheel 46 on the bogey actuating
sbaft 24
By starting the shaft 35, by moving the strap 32, on to the fast pulley 3, if the
worm 41 and worm-wheel 42 have been put into gear with each other in the
manne hereinafter described the motion just described commences to run and the
bogey is thus advanced,

page_text: In order to return the bogey at a much higher speed than that at which it
advances the strap 32 is shifted on to the loose pulley 34 & the advancing
motion is stopped. The pulley 47, on the shaft 48, 18 driven by the fast pulley 49
The opposite extremity of the shaft 48 carries gear-wheel 51 securely mounted
thereon which engages with gear-wheel 52, running loosely on the shaft 44
The two sets of gearing just described are controlled by the clutch 4-3, to which,
as previously stated, the worm-wheel 42 is securely keyed or otherwise attached
which is actuated by the horizontal lever 53, pivoted on the pin and bed plate 54
and 55, and connected by means of the eye or loop 56, and pin 57, to the rod 58.
A vertical or upright lever 59, mounted on a bracket and pin 60 and 61, and
having a toothed-quadrant 62, at its lower extremity, which engages in the rack 63,
on the rod 58, causes when pulled over in the direction of the saw-shaft the
clutch 43 & worm-wheel 42 to slide laterally, in the direction of the worm 41,
& engage therewith, when the shaft 44 commences to revolve, and causes the
bogey to advance but when the upright lever is pushed back, the clutch and worm-
wheel are caused to slide back & disengage from the worm 41; the teeth or studs
of the clutch entering into recesses prepared for them in the bevel-wheel 52, which
it thus locks on the shaft 44; the bevel-wheel 51 which is constantly running at a
high speed, then causes the bevel-wheel 62 and shaft 44 to drive the gearing com-
municating therewith and between it and the toothed-wheel or pinion 28, engaging
with the racks on the bogey and returns the latter
The shafts are, of course, provided with the pedestals as shewn, and the fast
and loose pullies have the usual strap fork arrangement
-
By starting the machine the bogey carrying the block or blocks of stone to be
sawn, 18 caused to advance in the direction of the revolving blade 6, with which
the stone comes in contact and is sawn through both in depth and length, the posi-
tion of the saw having been adjusted by the hand wheel, pinion and lack airange-
ment, 17, 16 and 15, already described
When the blade has penetrated through the block or blocks the bogey is caused
to return in the manner above stated
The cutting medium usually made use of in circular saws for slate, granite, stone
and marble, is diamonds, set in steel holders inserted in holes sunk in the sides of
the blade near the edge or periphery and held in position by solder, pins or screws.
Hitherto it has been customary to drill round holes about " diameter round the
edge of the blade 6, on either side to receive the disc or holder of the diamond 04,
and corrugations 65, were formed between the holes, see Figs 4 & 5
When the edge of the blade 6 was worn down the
and re-corrugated
blade had to be re-drilled,
In order to minimise or reduce the frequency of the sinking of the holes and the
re-drilling and cutting instead of 1ound holes 1 provide slots 66, (see Figs 6, 7,
8&9), about three times as long as the width of the holder 67, so that as the
edge of the blade 18 worn they can be set back, or reduced in length they are made
to correspond with the shape of the slota or sockets but not quite so long, the
surplus of the slot being filled up with a piece of steel or solder, or both as at 68
In order to reduce the wear of the edge of the blade the holder may be rectangular
in shape so as to nearly fill the slot in the blade and project bevond its edge as at
69, (Figs 8 and 9), the surplus of the slot being filled up with a piece of steel or
solder, or both, as at 68
The front edge of the projecting holder 18 bevelled so as to form a sharp cutting
edge, (Figs 8 & 9).
By using this shape of teeth composed of hardened steel, with the bevelled
cutting edge, and the projecting end at right angles thereto and tangential to the
periphery of the blade, diamonds may be dispensed with for cutting some kinds
of stone, or the cutting end of the holder containing the diamond may be inserted
flush with the periphery of the blade so as not to project as the diamond will
always project sufficiently beyond in consequence of the edge of the blade wearing
away.

page_text: Hither to the lock-nuts used for holding the flanges and blade tight on to the
shaft of machines with a shaft supported at each end, by bearings resting on
pedestals or preis 70, (see Fig 10), and between which the bogey or truck carrying
the stone to be sawn passes, have been made in one piece, necessitating the
emoval or lifting of the shaft to take them off and renew them
I therefore make them in two parts as at 71, Figs 10 and 11, so as to fit on the
shaft o chip two bearings thereon the whole being held together by means of
bolts and nuts 72, so as to grip the shaft and a set-screw 73 18 employed to hold it
in position when fixed
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim 18-
1st. The arrangement and combination of the parts substantially as and for the
purpose herembefore specified and illustrated in the diawings by Figs 1, 2 and 3
2nd The combination of the sliding block (3). Eaw-shaft (5). lack (15):
pinions (16) shaft (16") and hand-wheel and pinion (17) Figs 1, 2 & 3
3rd The combination of the racks, 21, 21ª, 22 and 22 toothed-wheel 23.
sleeve-clutch 25; forked lever 26 & 27. support 28, and shaft 24 Figs 1, 1, 2
aud 3
4th The combination of the slots 66, holder 67, filling-piece 68, and teeth 69
Figs 6, 7, 8 and 9.
5th The flange 71, and set-screw 73. Figs 10 and 11. All substantially
as and for the purpose herembefore specified, and illustrated by the drawings.
Dated this 28th day of October 1899