IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRO- DUCTION OF DYES OR COLOURING MATTERS FROM CERTAIN PRODUCTS of MADDER AND TAR
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Lloyd Wise, of Chandos Chambers, Adelphi, in
the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRO-
DUCTION OF DYES OR COLOURING MATTERS FROM CERTAIN PRODUCTS of
MADDER AND TAR." A communication from abroad by Oesterreichische
Alizarin Fabriks Gesellschaft, Przibram & Co., of Vienna, Austria.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Lloyd Wise at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th March 1878.
Bex.
WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of Chandos Chambers, Adelphi, in the County of Middle-
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF DYES OR COLOURING MATTERS
FROM CERTAIN PRODUCTS OF MADDER AND TAR." (A cominunication from.abroad
by Oesterreichische Alizarin Fabriks Gesellschaft Przibram and Co., of Vienna,
Austria.)
My foreign correspondents say :-
"
Alizarine, purpurine, and the colouring drugs or dyeing materials as iso-anthra-
flavo, purpurine, etc., produced from madder, or artificially from the products of tar
are dissolved in sulphuric acid, and heated, thus becoming transformed into sulpho-
acids.
Direct dyeing may be effected as soon as the solution is heated, the carmine being
then already formed. These sulpho-acids or their salts as well as solutions of the
above colouring materials contained in them are employed for dyeing.
According to the nature of the chemical substance (mordants) with which the
fibre is previously treated, or which is added to the dye bath, black, violet, brown,
red, orange, and yellow colours can thereby be attained. For example, by means
of alumina mordant, a red colour is produced, and by means of tin mordant, an
orange colour is obtained.
The colour can then be improved, shaded, and fastened by means of soap, emul-
sions of oil, sebacic acids and salts."

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Lloyd Wise in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
4th September 1878.
WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of Chandos Chambers, Adelphi, in the County of Middle-
sex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF DYES OR COLOURING MATTERS
FROM CERTAIN PRODUCTS OF MADDER AND TAR." (A communication from abroad
by Oesterreichische Alizarin Fabriks Gesellschaft Przibram & Co., of Vienna,
Austria.)
The following is the description of this Invention as communicated to me.
EE
According to this Invention alizarine, purpurine, and the colouring drugs or
dyeing materials as iso-anthra-flavo purpurine, et cetera, produced from madder, or
artificially from the products of tar, are dissolved in sulphuric acid, and heated, thus
becoming transformed into sulpho-acids.
As soon as the solution is heated, the carmine being then already formed, direct
dyeing of the fibre, in particular of the fibre of wool, may be effected without the
use of any mordant. The sulpho-acids or thier salts as well as solutions of the
above colouring materials contained in them are employed for dyeing.
According to the nature of the chemical substance (mordants) with which the
fibre is previously treated, or which is added to the dye bath, black, violet, brown,
red, orange, yellow, and other colours can be obtained. For example, by means of
alumina mordant, a red colour is produced, and by means of tin mordant, an orange
colour is obtained.
-
The colour can then be improved, shaded, and fastened by means of soap, emul-
sions of oil, sebacic acids, and salts.
The Invention may be carried into practical effect as follows:-To one part of
dry alizarine or purpurine, add about three parts of concentrated sulphuric acid of
about 20 per cent. anhydrite. Thoroughly agitate the mass, and heat for several
hours, up to a temperature of about 100 to 150° Celsius.
The reaction may be considered completed as soon as an assay taken out dissolves
in water. Weak sulphuric acid will answer equally well, which, if employed, must
be kept up to the highest temperature mentioned, and the time of heating may in
this case be somewhat prolonged.
The excess of sulphuric acid is removed by adding earths or metallic oxyds or
their salts which enter into unsolvable or hardly solvable combinations with sul-
phuric acid.
By proference employ caustic lime, or carbonate of lime.
Do not neutralize completely, and only in as much as the sulpho-acids must
remain disengaged, and may be separated by filtering.
The product of filtration may then be neutralized by adding alumina, oxyde of
tin, or oxyde of chromium, or any other base.
A preparation of this description will dye the fibre direct, without the previous
application of mordants, or the sulpho-acid is entirely neutralized, and the combina-
tion produced is treated with carbonated alkalies.
The alkalie salts of the sulpho-acids are then gained, or else the mixture of
sulphuric and sulpho-acid is neutralised direct by alkalies or their carbonated salts.
In both the latter cases it is necessary to treat the fibre with mordants beforehand,
or to add the mordant to the dyeing bath.
The dye matter in a pulpy or dried state is dissolved by adding tartar, tartaric
acid, or any other suitable acid.
Each base will give a different tint to alizarine and purpurine, and the salts may
be employed for dyeing the fibre, in particular the fibre of wool, without the
previous uses of mordants."
Having described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner of carrying it
into practical effect as communicated to me as aforesaid, I would have it understood

page_text: that what I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as secured to me
under the Letters Patent herein-before in part recited is, the production and em-
ployment of carmine of alizarine, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Lloyd Wise, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Third day of September, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
W. LLOYD WISE. (L.S.)