Improvements in Ships' and other Berths.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Dec., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 13th Sept., 1893-Accepted, 2nd Dec., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Ships' and other Berths.
I, WILLIAM PARISH HOSKINS, of Trinity Street, Bordesley, in the City of
Birmingham, Ships' Berths Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:--
This invention has relation to sleeping berths generally such for example as
berths for ships, barracks, railway carriages, workhouses, prisons and other places,
and is an improvement upon several former Letters Patent granted to me.
My present invention consists first, of an improved lee-rail mounting; secondly, in
mounting lee rails in manner that the same admit of being stowed away under the
berth framing, thirdly; in a lee rail fitting; fourthly,
In carrying out one part of my invention, the lee rail framing has lower
extensions, terminated by eyed bosses, with the holes or eyes of the same directed in
the longer direction of the berth framing, and which terminating eyed bosses, take
upon horizontally directed pegs or studs carried by hanging brackets depending
from the parts of the front framing.
The depending brackets are preferably three in number, and with the middle one
having pegs or studs upon two opposite sides of it, with the end pegs or studs, which
are lignable with the middle ones as aforesaid, and also the eyes or holes as
aforesaid, directed to points inwards, thus admitting of the lee-rail being
interchangable from one side of the berth framing to the other.
To connect the lee rail to the berth framing, slip the eyed bosses or holes at the
lower extremities of it, respectively over and upon the opposed pegs, so that the one
end of the lee rail takes upon one of the pegs, say an outer one, and the other over
the outer peg of the middle pegs, and upon which pegs, which are directed some
distance below the plane of the berth bottom, the lee-rail is capable of turning
outwardly, downwardly, and then under the berth bottom, with the same disposed
in the same plane as the said berth bottom or sacking, but at such a distance below
it as to be clear of the distensible mesh when stretched downwardly to its fullest
extent.
Fitted to both ends of the lee rail framing are screw stalks, having upon them
inward coned and traversing heads or nuts, with end or pillar uprights of the
framing having coincidently gapped parts, wherein the said stalks take, and the lee
rail affixed by the screwing up of the said coned heads, whose inner parts take into
coned seatings at the outside end entrances of the said gaps.
Or, instead of the connection being made by screwed stalks having running heads,
the screwed stalks may be carried by and at the summits of corner pillars, whilst
the ends of the lee rail framings have hook or U shaped connections, which take
over the screwed necks as aforesaid, with the running heads coming within seatings
on the top sides of them. Instead of the pegs being carried by depending brackets
of the frame, the same may be carried from the lower extensions of the lee rails,
whilst the brackets have eyes to receive them. In carrying out another form of
my invention, mount the lee rail or the lower extremities of it, upon an under
supplementary rod, carrier or their equivalent, with the ends of the said rod,
taking or dropping socketwise into brackets, connected to the opposite bulkheads
of a cabin or room, and with the inner and upper end of the lee rail also
engaging socketwise with an upper bracket, or one of two brackets, secured to the
bulkhead.
Thus, the lee rail is mounted and fitted upon, or connected at its ends to, fittings,
brackets or their equivalents, carried by the bulkheads, and independent of the
berth framing, so that the berth framing carries no lee, as does ordinary berth

page_text: "
:
tramings, but the Ice of a berth is carried by the bulk head or heads, and the lower
and supplementary rail, which may come horizontally a little forward of the front
of the berth framing, may be disposed at such a distance below the said framing,
that when the lee-rail is turned down upon the supplementary rail, and then turned
under the bed, the said stowed away lec-rail is at a clearance distance from the
sacking.
The lee, when lying parallel to the sacking, under the bed, is kept in that position
by hooks or other supporting expedients.
The lee is transposed from one side of a berth to the other by sliding the same
upon the supplementary and set down rail, whilst the top and outer terminations of
the lee have suitable connections for dropping or taking into opposed brackets or
the like, carried by the bulkheads.
Instead of the lee-rail sliding from end to end of the berth on the supplementary
rail, the said supplementary rail may be lifted, and removed bodily with the lec, and
then turned round, and the whole reaffixed in position to the bulkheads, with the
said lee then coming at the other end of the berth framing.
As a still further form of my invention in connection with berths having
independently mounted or fitted lees, I direct under the berth framing, horizontal
brackets or slides, wherein the lower ends of the lee framings take, and slide, when
the said berths are required to be stowed away.
Thus affixed to both sides of the bulk head and running horizontally with the
berth framing, and at a suitable clearing distance from the sacking, are brackets,
provided with races, wherein the lower ends of the lee framings take and slide,
when the berth is required to be placed out of the way.
In a full-length lee, the lower ends of the same are fitted to turn within bearings
in the fore parts of the races of the brackets, so that by turning the lee down
horizontally, the same can then be slid back under the bed, clear of the sacking, or
clear of the portion which the sacking might take when downwardly pressed.
In a folding half-lee-rail, I employ a race bracket secured to a bulk head, and 'a
hanger race bracket suspended or hung from the underside of the middle of the
berth framing. Instead of a race bracket, I may employ simple rods, disposed
from front to rear under the berth framing, and upon which, eyed portions of the
berth framings, which lie below the plane of the general frame, take and slide.
As a still further form of my invention the lee-rail framing, whose lower end is
directed or comes below the berth framing, has inwardly disposed hooks at a part
removed from the bottom, and engages with the upright webs or flanges of angle
or other framing, whilst parts at the lower extremities of the said lec-rail have
bosses or parts having elongated slots, which take upon studs or a set-down rail,
carried by hanger brackets supported from the underside of the berth framing, or
from the bulk heads, as in the last arrangement, so that the folding of the lec rail
is performed by first lifting the same until its hook connections are clear of the
berth framing, then turning the same down, and under and parallel with the bed, if
necessary, upon the affixed set-down rail or studs.
As a still further form of my invention, I may connect and mount the lee-rail by
fittings carried by the bulk heads, and with the lower part of the said lee-rail
coming below the general plane of the berth framing, and which fittings are of such
a construction as to admit of studded or other ends of the lec-rail taking and
dropping into them.
The said fittings, which are of a bracket nature, may have slots with enlarged
lower ends.
The set-down rail may be non-detachable but capable of rotating, or may be
fixed. When rotating, the lee-rail is made fast to it, but when fixed, the said
lee-rail turns about it as a centre of motion.
As a still further form of my invention, the set down supplementary rail, which
preferably runs from end to end of the berth framing may carry, or have affixed to
it a lee-rail, and with the ends provided with brackets or parts having he-dovetails,
which take into like she dovetails in the berth framing, or vice-versu, so that to

page_text: connect the lee-rail, which is fast with the set-down rail, to the berth framing, the
dovetail parts at the ends are simply dropped into or on the dovetail parts of the
framing, hence the connection.
The disconnection is made by simply lifting the lee-rail from the berth framing
by an upward movement.
I may make the dovetail connection ends of the lee-rail swivel or turn round for
interchanging the position of the said lee from one side of the berth to the other.
Or the set-down rail may be attachable and detachable to the berth framing,
whilst the lee rail may turn upon the said set down rail as a centre.
Dated this 13th day of December.
WILLIAM PARISH HOSKINS,
By Henry Skerrett,
Agent for Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Ships' and other Berths.
I, WILLIAM PARISH HOSKINS, of Trinity Street, Bordesley, in the City of
Birmingham, Ships' Berths Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly,
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has relation to sleeping berths generally, such for example, as
berths for ships, barracks, railway carriages, workhouses, prisons and other places,
and is an improvement upon my several former Letters Patent and bearing date
the 19th day of October 1886 No. 13304, the 13th day of July 1887 No. 9827, the
23rd day of January 1888 No. 995, the 17th day of November 1888 No. 16717, the
28th day of October 1889 No. 16967, the 14th day of June 1890 No. 9297, and
the 1st day of August 1891 No. 13098.
My present invention consists in the first part of an improved lee-rail mounting;
in another part, in mounting lee-rails in manner that the same admit of being
stowed away under the berth framing; and in a further part, in lec-rail fittings,
and accessory parts of them.
In carrying out my invention of one part, the lee-rail framing has lower
extensions, terminated by eyed bosses, with the holes or eyes of the same directed
in the longer direction of the berth framing, and which terminating eyed bosses
take upon horizontally-directed pegs or studs carried by hanging brackets depending
from the parts of the front framing.
The depending brackets are preferably three in number, and with the middle
one having pegs or studs upon the two opposite sides of it, with the end pegs or
studs, which are lignable with the middle ones, and also the eyes or holes as
aforesaid, directed to point inwards, thus admitting of the lee-rail being inter-
changeable from one side of the berth framing to the other.
To connect the lee-rail to the berth framing, slip the eyed bosses or holes at the
lower extremities of it, respectively over and upon the opposed pegs, so that the
one end of the lee-rail takes upon one of the pegs, say an outer one, and the other
over the outer peg of the middle pegs, and upon which pegs, which are directed
some distance below the plane of the berth bottom, the lee-rail is capable of turning
outwardly, downwardly and then under the berth bottom, with the same disposed
in the same plane as the said berth bottom or sacking, but at such a distance
below it as to be clear of the distensible mesh, when stretched downwardly to its
fullest extent.
The lee-rail may be affixed in its using position by pins passing through eyes
in the said lee rail, and taking into the middles of the summits of corner pillars.
Instead of the pegs being carried by depending brackets of the frame, the same
may be carried from the lower extension of the lee rails, whilst the brackets have
eyes to receive them.

page_text: In carrying out another form of my invention, I mount the lee-rail, or the
lower extremities of it, upon a set-down supplementary rod, carrier or their
equivalent, with the ends of the said rod taking or dropping socket-wise into
brackets, connected to the opposite bulkheads of a cabin or room, and with the
inner and upper end of the lee-rail also engaging socketwise with an upper bracket,
or one of two brackets secured to the bulk head.
Thus, the lec-rail is mounted and fitted, upon or connected at its ends to fittings
brackets or their equivalents carried by the bulk-heads and independent of the
berth framing, so that the berth framing carries no lee, as do ordinary berth
framings, but the lee of a berth is carried by the bulk head or heads, and the
lower and supplementary rail, which may come horizontally a little forward of
the front of the berth framing, may be disposed at such a distance below the said
framing, that when the lee rail is turned down upon the supplementary rail, and
then turned under the bed, the said stowed away lee-rail is at a clearance distance
from the sacking.
The lee, when lying parallel to the sacking under the bed, is kept in that position
by hooks or other supporting equivalents.
The lee is transposed from one side of a berth to the other by sliding the same
upon the supplementary and set-down rail, whilst the top and outer terminations
of the lee have suitable connections for dropping or taking into opposed brackets
or the like, carried by the bulkheads.
Instead of the lee-rail sliding from end to end of the berth on the supplementary
rail, the said supplementary rail may be lifted and removed bodily with the lee,
and then turned round and the whole reaffixed in position to the bulkheads, with
the said lee then coming at the other end of the berth framing.
As a still further form of my invention, in connection with berths having inde-
pendently mounted or fitted lees, I direct under the berth framing, horizontal
brackets or slides, wherein the lower ends of the lee framings take and slide, when
the said berths are required to be stowed away.
Thus, affixed to both sides of the bulk head, and running horizontally with the
berth framing, and at a suitable clearing distance from the-sacking, are brackets,
provided with races, wherein the lower ends of the lee framings take and slide,
when the berth is required to be placed out of the way.
In a full-length lee, the lower ends of the same are fitted to turn within
bearings in the fore parts of the races of the brackets, so that by turning the
lee down horizontally, the same can then be slid back under the bed, clear of the
sacking, or clear of the position which the sacking might take when downwardly
pressed.
In a folding half-lee-rail, I employ a race bracket secured to a bulk head, and a
hanger race bracket, suspended or hung from the underside of the middle of the
berth framing. Instead of a race bracket I may employ simple rods, disposed
from front to rear under the berth framing, and upon which, eyed portions of
the berth framings, which lie below the plane of the general frame, take
and slide.
As a still further form of my invention, the lee rail framing, whose lower
end is directed or comes below the berth framing, has inwardly disposed hooks
at a part removed from the bottom, and engages with the upright webs or
flanges of angle or other framing, whilst parts at the lower extremities of the
said lee rail have bosses or parts having elongated slots, which take upon set
down brackets of raced hangers supported from the underside of the berth
framing, or from the bulkheads, as in the last arrangement, so that the folding
of the lee-rail is performed by first lifting the same, until its hook connections are
clear of the berth framing, then turning the same down, and under and parallel
with the bed, if necessary, upon the affixed set-down raced hangers.
As a still further form of my invention, I may connect and mount the lee-rail
by fittings carried by the bulk heads, and with the lower part of the said lee-rail
coming below the general plane of the berth framing, and which fittings are of such

page_text: a construction as to admit of studded or other ends of the lee rail taking and
dropping into them.
The said fittings, which are of a bracket nature, may have slots with enlarged
lower ends.
The set-down rail may be non-detachable but capable of rotating, or may be fixed.
When rotating, the lee-rail is made fast to it, but when fixed, the said lee-rail turns
about it as a centre of motion.
As a still further form of my invention, the set-down supplementary rail, which
preferably runs from end to end of the berth framing, may carry, or have affixed
to it, a lee-rail, and with the ends provided with brackets or parts having he-dove-
tails, which take into like she-dovetails in the berth framing, or vice-versa, so that
to connect the lee-rail, which is fast, with the set-down rail, to the berth framing,
the dovetail parts at the ends are simply dropped into or on the dovetail parts of
the framing, hence the connection.
The disconnection is made by simply lifting the lee from the berth framing by an
upward movement.
I may make the dovetail connection ends of the lee-rail swivel or turn round, for
interchanging the position of the said lee from one side of the berth to the other.
Or the set-down rail may be attachable and detachable to the berth framing,
whilst the lee rail may turn upon the said set down rail as a centre.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings represents in front elevation, a fold-up
ships berth, having a lee-rail, mounted, fitted and provided with improvements
made according to one form of my invention.
Figure 2 represents upon an enlarged scale a transverse vertical section of the
same, upon the dotted lines A B Figure 1.
Figure 3 represents the lee-rail portion of the berth, upon the same scale as
Figure 2, and with the same pivoted or put in an upright position and with the
lee-rail turned back upon the berth framing, and in the position which the said lee-
rail assumes when the berth is out of use.
The same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in Figures 1, 2 and 3
on Sheet 1.
a is a lee-rail or semi lee-rail, composed of a series of bars or rods, united
together and formed into a frame, and with the lower part of the same having or
being provided with lower extensions or branched members a³, terminated by eyed
bosses or pierced lugs aª, with the holes through them directed in the same general
plane as the berth framing, and with the said holes running lignable one with
another, so as to admit of the same taking upon like directioned pegs, or pivot
bearings,, carried by depending and stationary brackets ³, made fast to fixed
rods &, constituting the front member of the berth framing, and with the terminal
ends of it being secured and made fast to the cast or other corners 65, which have
uprights or pillars 6, terminated by screws b', screwing and taking down the middle
of the said pillars.
The two opposite ends of the lee-rail have bracket eyes or loops a', which when
in the position as in Figure 1, come upon the tops of the pillars bo, and with the
holes or eyes through them coming coincident with the holes in the pillars, and
through which holes, the screw pins, pass, and rigidly secure the lee-rail in its
upright or erect position as in Figure 1.
Taking upon the ends of the pegs or pivot bearings 61, 62, are milled nuts 68,
which, when screwed home, prevent the lec-rail from being laterally removed from
its assigned position.
Thus, the set-down lower terminals of the lee-rail turn upon the pegs or pivot
bearings, as centres of motion, and when the lee rail is not in use, the same is
turned first outwardly, and then under the berth bottom or sacking out of the way,
and with the same being held in such a position by a hook or other holding
expedient.
This said lee-rail is reversible, detachable, turn-down and fold-under..
Now assuming that the lee-rail is in the position as represented in Figures 1 and 2,

page_text: and that the same requires to be interchanged from the left-hand side to the right-
hand side of the berth framing, move the screw pin W, from the said left-hand side,
then turn the lee framing downwards, with the set-down extension parts a³, turning
upon the pegs or pivot bearings. Then remove the nuts 18, from off the pegs b₁,
and then slide the lec-rail from left to right, and from off the said pegs. Then pass
the now right hand end eye a³, over the pegs 2, and then screw on the nuts 68, fold
up the lee-rail, until the same assumes a horizontal position, then pass a screw 7,
through the right hand loop a', and into and down the middle of the pillar 66, hence
the changing of the position of the lee-rail, and the affixing of the same in its
position for use.
Now again assuming that the lee-rail, after being unfastened, is then swung down,
the same may be then turned out of the way by folding it under the bed of the
berth framing, as shown in dotted lines in Figure 2, and is there secured by a
hook e.
In the said berth, c are the opposite sides of the same, d is the rear end, the
elevated end rail, g a pivoted and swinging radius bar, and is an upright slot or
race of an end bracket h.
Figure 3A (Sheet 1) represents a cross section of an end of the berth framing
showing a different form of bracket support to that shown in the preceeding
arrangement.
Figure 4 (Sheet 2) represents a modification of the lee-rail mounting and fitting
Figures 1, 2 and 3 as aforesaid. In this arrangement, the depending eyed brackets
constituting bearings are carried from the fixed and front member of the berth
framing, whilst the pegs or pivot centres are carried from the dropped or set-down
portions of the lee-rail.
Thus a is the lee rail, made convertible, fold-down, and fold-under, by set-down
members a², carrying pegs or pivot centres b', 62, taking within eyes a³, of depending
brackets ³, made fast and rigid with a fixed rod b', forming the front or supple-
mentary rail to the berth framing.
a are looped eyes at the two opposite ends of the said lee-rail, wherethrough
pegs, which take into upright pillars 6, carried by corner chills or other
castings 5, take.
.
Figure 5. (Sheet 2) represents a still further modified form of the preceding
arrangements of my invention.
In this lee-rail, the same is made to turn upon an attachable and detachable set-
down rail, or a supplementary rail directed between and affixed to brackets carried
by the bulkheads or wall of a cabin, and with the upper part of the frame of the
said lee rail also connected to a drop-in bracket carried upon the sides of the said
bulkhead.
This said lee-rail is both interchangeable relative to the sides, and has also a
turn-down and fold-under action.
Thus, a is the lec-rail, the front rail member of the berth framing, and ban
attachable and detachable supplementary rail, to which the set-down eyed ends a³,
of the lower extensions a³, of the berth a, are connected, and around which they
turn as joint centres, and which said dropped-down rod member 6, has he or she
dovetails or other he connection ends 2, which take into corresponding he or she
dovetailed brackets, attached to the bulkheads or cabin walls d.
The opposite sides of the berth framing have he or she connections a*, which
take and drop into or take upon like he or she bracket connections b³.
The bracket 3, is deeper than the bracket 6, so that the lifting of the lee rail
for turning down does not remove the lower connections.
To turn down the Ice-rail, bodily lift the same with the rod b', when the
connection a³, becomes entirely clear of the bracket, whilst the lower connec-
tions, of the set-down rod 1, are only taken from the seatings of the opposite
brackets 3, so that by again dropping the lee-rail, the set-down connections a³, are
then turned upon the said rod as a centre.
In case the lee-rail requires to be changed from one side to the other, then the

page_text: whole of the connections are entirely removed, and the said set-down rod either
turned round bodily with the lee-rail, or the lec-rail is slid from one side to the
other upon it.
Instead of the supplementary rail, being removable, the same may be fixed
between the bulkheads, and the eyes a', elongated vertically, in order to admit of
the lifting of the lec-rail for the taking of the connections a, from the sockets /³.
Or the supplementary or set-down rail, may be made a fixture with the lec-
rail, and the same be made to swivel upon end connections, as see Figure 6.
Thus, in the said Figure 6, (Sheet 2) a is the lee-rail, made fast by casting or
otherwise to the set-down rail 6, which is swivelly connected to, and turns about,
end pivots, carried by connections, which take within like socket connections 3,
of depending brackets 6', depending from the corner castings, of the general
berth framing, so that whilst the lower rails admit of turning with the lee rails,
their end connections remain fixed with their sockets or bracket, which depend
either from the general framing of the berth, or are connected to the bulkheads of
a cabin.
Figure 7 (Sheet 1) represents in section, a lec-rail mounted as in Figure 1, but
with the set-down bracket part cranked and directed forwardly of the cast corner
of the general framing of the berth.
Figure 8 is a front elevation of a portion of the front of the berth with lee-rail
Figure 7.
Thus, a is the lee-rail, with the set-down portion a², jointed at a³, to a pivot or
centre, carried from a cranked and dropped bracket arm 63, carried by and
directed from the underside of a corner casting, formed at the junctions of the
front and side members 6, and c, of the berth framing.
It will be understood that the berth framing will be provided at either end with
such a bracket arm, and will also have one at the middle with duplicate pivot
centres, alike unto that shown in Figure 1.
The set down attachment portions of the lec-rail may be prevented from being
withdrawn from the pivots or bearings by a cross pin, cottar or other means taking
crosswise through the end of the said bracket and supporting members, and further,
the lee-rail may be secured in its erect or upright position of use by a hook, catch,
lock, or other means.
Figure 9 is a transverse section, and Figure 10 a front elevation of another form
of my invention.
In this arrangement, the set-down or lower extensions of the lee-rail are connected
end-wise by attachable and detachable pin pivots passing through the divided
parts of set-down brackets forming knuckle connections upon which the lee-rail
turns outwardly and folds under the berth.
a is the lee-rail, a lower extension of the same, a³ a bossed eye, the front
rail of the berth, a corner casting having a cleft or bifurcated lower part 6,
between the side branches or members of which the said bossed eye a³, is located,
and through which and the adjacent branches 6, of the corner 1, a screw pin 7,
transversely passes.
It is understood that like brackets as 1, are situated at the ends and at the
middle of the front of the berth framing, and that the lee-rail is supported and
set-down connections alike unto a², a³.
turns
The
"Pee-rail
may be secured in its upright position by a hook or other catch.
To turn the lee rail down, or down and under the berth framing, release the
hook or catch, and then turn the same down and under upon the pivot pins ', then
catch the said lee-rail under the bed by a hook or equivalent fastening.
Figure 11 (Sheet 3) represents a still further form of my invention, and depicts
a lee-rail having made integral with it, a set-down and hinge-working supporting
rod, with its ends working within bearings depending from the ends of the berth
framing, and which bearings are of an open-topped construction, to admit of the
lee-rail being readily detached from a berth and again placed in position, when the
relative position of the lee-rail has been changed.

page_text: Figure 12 represents a portion of the said front of the berth Figure 11, with the
parts of the same in section, so as to elucidate the construction and mode of fitting
of the parts.
Figure 13 represents a transverse section of the said Figure 12 upon the dotted
lines C D.
Figure 14 represents a transverse section upon the dotted lines E F of the said
Figure 12.
Figure 15 represents a modification of the locking means.
In Figures 11, 12, 13 and 14, a is the lee-rail, having made integral with it, a
set-down rod b', and with the. ends or the pivot ends, of the same taking within
open-topped and set-down brackets 3, depending from the ends of the corners 3,
of the berth framing b, having a front angle or other member 6, directed between
the front corners or castings, and which ends 2, are terminated by cross pieces 1º,
which prevent the said ends from being lifted from the brackets unless the lee is
horizontal or lignable with the berth (see Figures 12 and 13).
The open tops of the set-down brackets ³, are marked 6, whilst the pillars or
corners 6, have central holes 67, made down them, within one of which, a pin or
peg a², carried by a winged extension a³, located at one side of the berth framing,
takes.
Now the set-down rod 6ª, has made fast to it, a locking bracket 68, with a slot or
long eye, in a flat part 610, of it, and through which eye or hole, a pin b, takes,
and with the shank 613, taking into a tapped hole attachment 63, either made
through the metal of the front member 6, or into an attachment on it.
The said lee-rail being of the lifting type, by taking hold of the same after the
loosening of the screw pin 61, 62, and bodily lifting it, with the set-down rail 6,
the ends of the said rail 62, are lifted in the open-topped bearing b³, at either of
the sides of the berth framing, and the peg a², is removed from the hole 7, of the
bracket 65, and when the said peg is clear, the berth is then let go, when the
ends 2, again take their proper bearing, and admit of the rail being then turned
outwardly and under the berth or bed bottom and being there held by a hook or
other catch.
Now assuming that the berth also requires to have its relative position changed
or the lee-rail turned round, then the whole of the connections are removed from
their bearings and sinkings, and the berth framing, with the rod, is turned bodily
round, and the lee-rail reversed in position, and with the locking bracket b³, coming
coincident with a second tapped attachment or tapped hole, so that when the
rail is placed again in position, and the connections dropped into their places,
the slot of the bracket 68, which has become coincident with the tapped hole of
the attachment, has the screw pin 61, 612, passed through it, when by the
screwing home of the said screw pin 6, 6, the lee rail framing is firmly secured
to the front of the berth framing.
In the locking attachment Figure 15, is the front rail of the berth framing,
613 is an attachment, an open-topped bracket portion of it, with an open top b
is a closure or lock, having an elongated joint hole 6, with a pin 616, and with
the fore part of the said quadrant locking part 6", having a stud ", which takes
into a hole 6, made in the opposed face of the attachment part 61. The locking
of the cover or quadrant closure part ", is performed after the same has been
turned over upon its pivot 61, and then by a forward sliding movement, the
stud, is passed into the hole 61, and the said cover or closure 6", is thereby
locked.
Where
Thus, assuming that the lee-rail has been turned into a vertical position, with
the cover part of the lock attachment turned back, then by turning forward the
cover part, and pressing it laterally inwards, the locking is duly performed.
These said improvements are applicable to full lees as well as half lees.
full lees are employed, no secondary locking means are rendered necessary.
Figure 16 (Sheet 3) represents my improvements as represented in Figures 11,
12, 13, 14 and 15, applied to a full length lee composed of wood.

page_text: Thus, a is the lee-board, and a shoe and fittings, having trunnion ends b³, and
stud ends a³, with the former 63, taking into open topped brackets or hanging
brackets 63, and the latter taking into holes 67, formed at. the summits of pillars 6,
resting upon corners 6.
The disconnection of the full length lee-rail is made by the lifting of the
connection ends of the same from their bearings and sockets, likewise the connection
is made by dropping the said connection ends into the bearings and socket.
Figure 17 (Sheet 4) represents a still further form of my invention.
Figure 18 is a cross section of the said Figure 17 upon the dotted lines I J, and
Figure 19 a section upon the dotted lines K I, both upon an enlarged scale.
In this particular form of lec-rail mounting, the end bearings of the lee-rails
are fixed, and the middle one only is removable in case, that the position of the
said lee-rail requires to be changed or turned round.
Thus, a is the lee-rail, and a² the lower extensions, with the same, made fast to
the set-down rod whose ends, turn and take within eyes or bracket bearings b³,
carried from the corners or ends of the front b', of the berth framing b, and which
ends are capable of being removed from the said brackets, which are fixtures with
the berth framing, by first sliding the left hand end 6, from out of the bracket b³,
and in the direction of the arrow, and then sliding the other end outwards from
the right hand bracket, and in a reverse direction.
is an attachable and detachable bracket, which is removed prior to the sliding
of the rod from their bearings, and which hanging bracket is affixed to, the
front member 6, of the berth framing by an upper hooked end 6º, taking over the
front web of the said member, and with holes, 67, 68, coming coincident, and
through which, the headed pin 6, passes, and has fitted upon its front and wormed
end, a milled nut 610, which, when screwed home, clamps or fastens the bracket to
the framing.
When the lee-rail is to be made reversible, the bracket 66, is turned round upon
the said set-down rod 6, and the hooked end 6, as before, is made to take upon
the upright web of the front framing, and it will be also understood that in
changing the relative position of the said 'lee-rail, the nut, is removed from the
pin, and the latter is also removed from the parts being connected by it.
Figure 20 (Sheet 5) represents a still further form of my invention.
Figures 21 and 22 show detail parts of the same upon an enlarged scale.
In this arrangement, the locking of the lee-rail in its erect position is performed
by or through the medium of the pins or pivots upon which the set-down extensions
of the same turn, and within the set-down brackets or portions of the same, and it
is understood that the dropping of the said brackets below the plane or level of
the berth is to admit of the said lec-rails having a fold-under action.
In Figures 20, 21 and 22, a is a lee-rail, and is a set-down rod having corners 6º,
with dropped extensions 3, bifurcated or branched at their lower ends, and between
the gap or opening in which, the bossed eye a³, of the extension members a³, of the
lee-rail framing a, take, and turn upon the pivot or pin bl.
One end of the branched members has an angular hole b', through it, wherein a
like angular shaped collar or sleeve &, takes and slides, and through this collar,
which is inside screwed, the screwed end 62, of the said pin b', passes, whilst one of
the sides of the bossed eye a³, of the lee-rail extension a', has an angular recess a¹,
wherein the fore part of the said angular and sliding locking boss or sleeve b',
takes, when the head of the swivelling screw pin b1, is rotated.
Thus, assuming that the lee-rail requires to be turned down and turned under,
then rotate the head of the swivelling screw pin 6, in one direction, when the
angular and sliding locking boss b', retires from out of the angular recess at, in the
bossed eye a³, thus admitting of the plain part a', turning upon the plain part of
the pin b².
Now assuming that the lee-rail requires to be secured in its erect, position, first
turn the same upwards, and then when quite erect, reverse the direction of motion
of the swivelling screw pin 6, when the angular locking boss or sleeve 6, can be
R

page_text: "
drawn into the like-shaped angular hole or recess a', thereby securing the lee-rail
in its erect position, by the same pin or pins upon which the said lee-rail turns
when folding.
It will be understood that one, two or more of the said locking devices are
arranged at suitable points on the front of the berth framing.
The pin b, is made swivelling and is fixed in position by a detachable and
attachable collar bº.
Figure 23 (Sheet 5) represents a still further form of set-down and fold-under
lee-rail.
a is the lee-rail, with set-down or extended lower portions a², having long
eyes a³, within which take pivot or trunnion connections, of brackets 63,
directed from corner castings 6, forming unions to the members 6, and c of the
berth framing.
The said lee-rail carries at two or more points, dovetail or other like
he-connections 66, which take into corresponding she-connections 67, formed within
corners b³.
To unlock and turn down the lee-rail, lift the same, when the connection 6, of
the one part, is removed from the connection 7, of the other part, when the same
is capable of turning down, and then folding under the bed or berth bottom, so as
to be out of the way.
Figure 24 (Sheet 6) represents a still further form of lee-rail mounting according
to my invention.
Figure 25 is a cross section of the same upon the dotted lines G H.
a is a lee-rail, having lower extensions a³, and set down trunnion or pivot ends or
centres, taking within a divided or sectional and hanging bearing b³, composed of
two parts b, b, jointed at 6º, and carried by the corner 6', and with the flap part 68,
united to the said corner by a screw pin 6, which passes through a hole in the said
flap 68, and takes into a screwed hole in the corner 6. is the front rail of the
berth, and is an end member of the framing.
The lec-rail is affixed in its erect position by a catch or other means, whilst the
same is made detachable by the removal of the screw pin, which admits of
the flap, turning down, leaving the bearings open for the removal of the lee-rail,
for reversing the relative position of the same.
In ordinary use, the lee-rail turns upon the cranked pivot ends as centres of
motion, and by the set-down mounting they admit of turning down and folding
under the berth bottom out of the way.
Figure 26 (Sheet 5) represents a still further form of lee-rail mounting according
to my invention.
a is the lee-rail, having lower extensions a³, with cranked trunnion ends a³, a', with
the inner one a³, taking through a hole c², of a set-down swivelling bracket c, suspended
by a headed stalk c', which works within a flared opening 3, of the front member b*,
of the berth framing, so that the said bracket c, admits of making a gyratory
movement about its centre of motion, so as to admit of the lee-rail being turned
from right to left, and also to admit of the said lee-rail being raised at its
connection ends.
Thus, a peg 6, on the underside of the extension 6, of one side of the lec-rail a,
is moved from the hole d', of the pillar d³, of the corner d', by lifting the said
pivot end a, from out of the open topped bearing bl, of the set-down bracket b³,
and when so lifted and clear of the pillar, the lee-rail can be turned round, and its
relative position changed to the other side of the front of the berth.
Figure 27 (Sheet 5) represents a still further form of my invention in which
the set-down brackets, carrying the set-down rail upon which the lower extremities
or extensions of the lec-rail are mounted, are made attachable and detachable by a
he-dovetail connection of the one part taking into a like she-dovetail connection
formed in the other part.
Thus, a is the lee-rail, and a the lower extensions, connected and made fast to a
set-down rail 6ª, having attachable and detachable or fixed bracket ends 6, according

page_text: to whether the same is for a full-length of half-length lec, with he-dovetails 38,
which take within she-dovetail corners 67, of the berth framing b.
Figure 28 (Sheet 5) represents a modified form of affixing the lee-rail in its
erect position, to prevent the same being bodily lifted when required to be turned
down. This is accomplished by a jointed cap g, jointed at g' to the said lee-rail a,
and adapted to take upon the sunimit of a corner pillar 6, of the berth
framing.
Figure 29 (Sheet 4) represents another form of lee-rail mounting, fitting and
stowing away means. In this form of my invention the lee-rail has both a turn-
down and a sliding movement, and the lower end of the said rail is made to slide
under and clear of the underside of the bed bottom or berth, and with the said
ends taking within races or guides made to receive them.
Thus, the lee-rail is slid out of the way by making the same travel within
guides carried or directed from the berth framing, or by brackets carried upon
the bulk head.
The said Figure 29 is a transverse vertical sectional view of the said race-
sliding lee-rail, and Figure 30 is an end portion of the front of the same, whilst
Figure 31 represents a modified form of bracket connection, and Figure 32 a still
further form of means for securing the lee-rail in its erect position.
a is a lee-rail framing, with a top rail at, having an end as, which takes or drops
within an open topped bracket 6', secured to the bulk head 68. The lower set-down
parts a, of the said lee-rail have trunnion extensions a¹, a, the former taking and
turning within a bearing of an open-topped race-bracket 2, depending from an end
corner or casting, whilst the other trunnion or centre a³, of the other end of the
lee-rail takes within a depending and open-topped bearing and race bracket 6,
depending from the under-side of the middle of the front member of the berth
frame.
The races of these said brackets are marked 6º, and one of them may have at its
fore part, a pocket 610, wherein the end a, of the top member a, of the lee-rail,
takes, when the said lee-rail is slid under the bed bottom, and supported by the
race brackets as aforesaid, in the position as shown by the dotted lines of
Figure 29.
The fore parts of the said races of the brackets 62, have cranked ends ¿", for
clearances for the ends a', to work within when the lee-rail is bodily lifted for the
taking of the end as, from the open brackets &', which are situated respectively
at the two opposite sides of the berth, to allow for the half lee-rail being made
reversible.
These brackets 62, are supported from the berth framing c and d, with corners b*,
forming the junctions to the said sides.
Now assuming that the rail is required to be turned down, first bodily lift the
same, and then turn the same down upon the set-down pivots a¹, but supposing
the said lee-rail requires to be stowed under the bed or put out of the way, then
the same, when turned down, is brought into a somewhat horizontal plane and
then pushed back, when the said ends a², run in the races, as represented in
the dotted lines Figure 29, and with the end a, taking and resting in the
pocket 610
To re-affix the lee-rail, draw the same forward, and when erect, bodily lift it and
drop the connection ends into the sockets, when the same becomes affixed.
The races to the brackets may be closed, or they may be mouthed.
In Fig. 31, the end race brackets 6, are carried by the bulkheads 68, instead of
from the berth framing as in Figures 29 and 30.
In this arrangement of reversible half lee-rail, the middle bracket will have to
be carried by the berth framing, and further, I wish it to be understood that the
said middle brackets are double sided, so as to admit of the running ends of the
lee-rails taking within them on either side, and in order to reduce friction I propose
to provide the said running ends with anti-friction rollers.
In Figure 32, the lee-rail, instead of being affixed by a portion of the upper part

page_text: of the lee dropping into a bracket, is provided at its lower part with a he-dovetail e,
which takes into a like she-dovetail e', formed in the corner e, of the berth
framing.
a. is the lee-rail, a² its lower end, a¹ a pivot end, and 62 a raced bracket.
Figure 33 (Sheet 6) represents a modified form of the slide-under arrangement
Figure 32.
is the race bracket, with pocket ends, of, the race b³, and connected laterally
upon the underside of the framing, alike unto the other race bracket, and with the
lower extended trunnion a³, of the lower set-down end a², of the lee-rail a, taking,
when in an erect position, into the forward pocket ', and with the upper part
secured by a hook connection e, taking over the upright web of the berth framing c.
Figure 34 (Sheet 6) also represents a modification of the arrangement Figures 29
and 32.
Instead of employing grooves, channels or races for the lee-rail to slide within, I
may employ rods directed laterally under the berth framing, and upon which, eyes,
loops or their equivalents at lower extensions of the lee-rail, slide.
a is a lee-rail, a² are lower extensions, and a³ are eyes, loops or equivalents sliding
upon the laterally disposed guides 2, of the berth framing b.
The lee framing is secured in its erect position by any suitable means, such as
hooks, bolts or the like.
Figure 35 (Sheet 6) represents a still further form of the raced bracket
arrangements.
Figure 36 represents a cross section of the same upon an enlarged scale.
In this modification, the lee-rail is composed of a flexible panelling, running
within races or channels formed within brackets at the ends of the berth framing,
or brackets attached to the bulk heads adjacent to the said ends; they also run
laterally under the bed bottom, alike unto Figures 29, 30, 31 and 32, so that the
said lee-rail, which is made up of a series of strips united one to another by flexible
hinge connections, when not in use, is run under the berth bottom out of the way,
and with the ends taking and running within the races.
In full length lee-rails, I propose that the races should extend above the berth
to a height about equal to the depth of the lee, and that the races under the berth
bottom should be of a like traverse, and that the parts of the races above the
berth should form pillar supports for the ends of the lee when pulled up.
These brackets, instead of being carried at the corners of the berth framing,
as aforesaid, may be carried by the bulk head.
→
In half lee-rails, one edge only of the flexible panelling may be run within an
upright race situated at the end of the berth framing, whilst both ends of the
panelling run within under races.
It will be seen that the inner edge of the lee-rail is left unsupported, whilst I
propose that the supported end of the lec-rail should be flanged, and take and run
within a box race, or with the mouth contracted, so as to prevent the pulling away
longitudinally of the lee, on the same being run up into position, or drawn down
under the berth.
In case the inner end of the lee board should require to be supported, this may
be done by providing a turn-down race bracket of a box or other construction, and
with the race groove at the lower end coming coincident with the race groove of a
corresponding under race bracket supported or hung from the berth framing.
In Figures 35 and 36 a is a flexible full-length lee, with the ends a³, which
are preferably rollered to reduce frictional contact, running within grooves or
channels b', b, of combined upright and under race brackets b, secured to the ends
of the berth framing.
In Figure 35, the lee board is shown run up and when in this position, it may be
there retained by a catch or other fastener.
In Figure 36, the position of the lec boarding, when out of use, and run under
the berth framing, is shown in dotted lines.
Instead of the ends of the flexible lee-boards running within grooves or races,

page_text: the said ends may be provided with eyes or equivalents, which take and run upon
rods or brackets, the equivalents of the races, and which eyes may, if necessary, be
made to have a swivelling action, so as to admit of the same easily passing
moderately sharp curves.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
First. In an attachable and detachable and convertible lee-rail for ships' and
other berths, mounting the said lee-rail, which has set-down lower extensions
terminated by bossed eyes or eyed lugs, upon pivots, bearings or pegs carried by
stationary set-down and depending brackets fast on or fixedly connected with an
end-to-end fixed rod, bar or equivalent directed between the end parts of the
front of the berth framing, or directed between portions of the front of the bèrth
framing, substantially as described and set forth in Figures 1, 2 and 3.
Secondly. In an attachable and detachable and convertible lee-rail for ships' and
other berths, supporting and mounting the said lee-rail, which has set-down lower
extensions carrying pivot bearings or pegs, to and upon set-down and depending
eyed brackets or bearings carried by an end-to-end fixed rod, bar or equivalent
directed between the end parts of the front of the berth framing, substantially as
described and set forth in Figure 4.
Thirdly. In an attachable and detachable and convertible lee-rail for ships" and
other berths, the combination with a lee-rail, having depending and set down
bracket eyes, of pivot centres 1, 2, carried by depending or set-down brackets³,
made fast to the fixed front rail, rod or equivalent of the berth framing, substantially
as described and set forth in Figures 1, 2 and 3.
Fourthly. In an attachable, detachable and convertible lee-rail for ships' berths,
the combination with a lee-rail, having set-down lower extensions carrying pivot
bearings or pegs, of set-down eyed or bearing 'brackets carried by a 'fixed
rod, bar or equivalent forming the front to the berth framing, or a supple-
mentary rod to the berth framing, substantially as described and set forth in
Figure 4.
Fifthly. The improvements in the general construction, arrangement and
combination of the parts of attachable, detachable and convertible lee-rails of
ships' and other berths, substantially as described and set forth in Figures 1, 2, 3,
3 and 4.
Sixthly. In an attachable, detachable and convertible lee-rail, mounting the said
lec-rail, or the set-down lower extensions of it upon an attachable and detachable
fixed or non-rotating supplementary rail, rod or equivalent, and around which said
supplementary rod, rail or equivalent, the lee-rail turns för turning down and
folding under, substantially as described and set forth in Figure 5.
Seventhly. In an attachable, detachable and convertible lift-up and fold-under
lee-rail, the combination with the said lee-rail a, having 'depending lower exten-
sions a³, a³ of a set-down rail b', having dovetail or other connection ends b', which
take within sockets 3, substantially as and for the purpose described and set forth
in Figure 5.
Eighthly. In the set-down detachable rail of attachable, detachable and
convertible lift-up and fold-under lee-rails, swivelling the ends of the said 'rail
upon stalks or pegs carried by the dovetail or other connections, substantially as
described and set forth in Figure 6.
Ninthly. In attachable, detachable and convertible fold-under lee-rails, mounting
the lower extremities or the set-down portions of the said lee-rails upon cranked
and dropped bracket arms with pivot bearings substantially as described and set
forth in Figures 7 and 8.
Tenthly. In attachable, detachable and convertible fold-under lec-rails, mounting
the lower extremities or set-down portions of the same upon cranked, brought-
forward and dropped-down bracket arms, bifurcated or gapped, and with cross pins

page_text: directed through both the set-down portions and bifurcated parts, substantially as
described and set forth in Figures 9 and 10.
Eleventhly. In an attachable, detachable and convertible lift-up and fold-under
lee-rail, carrying the said lec-rail upon and making the same fast to, a supplementary
set-down rail, whose ends work within brackets or open-topped brackets, carried by
the berth framing or by the bulkheads of a cabin or the like, substantially as
described and set forth in Figures 11 and 12.
Twelfthly. In lee-rail fittings, the combination with open-topped bearing
brackets, either carried by the berth framing, or by the bulk heads of a cabin, of
T-ended set-down rods, whereby the said rods, with lee-rail carried by them, arc
incapable of being removed from the said brackets, until the said lee-rails have been
brought horizontal or nearly so, substantially as described and set forth in
Figures 11, 12 and 13.
Thirteenthly. In lec-rail fittings, the means herein described for locking or
fixing the lee-rail in its upright or erect position, substantially as described and set
forth in Figures 11, 12, 13 and 14 of the accompanying drawings.
Fourteenthly. In lee-rails and the berth fittings thereof, the general construction,
arrangement and combination of the parts, substantially as described and set forth
in Figures 11, 12, 13 and 14.
Fifteenthly. The combination with lec-rails composed primarily of wood, and
having shoe end fittings, of stud connections a², and pivot connections 62, and with
the said connections taking within brackets and bearings 63, 7, substantially as
described and set forth in Figure 16.
Sixteenthly. In lec-rail fittings, the general construction, arrangement and
combination of the parts, substantially as described and set forth in Figure 16.
Seventeenthly. In the mounting and fitting of lee-rails, the general construction,
arrangement, combination and action of the parts, substantially as described and set
forth in Figure 17.
Eighteenthly. In the fittings of Ice-rails, the general construction arrangement
and combination and action of the parts, substantially as described and set forth in
Figures 18 and 19.
Nineteenthly. In lec-rails of ships' and other berths having a lift-up and fold-
under action, mounting the same upon, and also locking the same to, the berth framing
by means and in the way substantially as described and set forth in Figure 23.
Twentiethly. In the fittings of lee-rails, mounting.the set-down pivot ends of the
same within divided and set-down brackets or bracket bearings carried by the berth
framing, or from fittings of the berth framing, substantially as described and set
forth in Figures 24 and 25.
Twenty-first. In the fittings of lee-rails, the general construction, arrangement
and combination of the mounting parts substantially as described and set forth in
Figures 24 and 25.
Twenty-secondly. In convertible and lift-up lee-rails, mounting the inner or the
set-down inner end pivot within a bracket having a universal bearing, or a bearing
capable of taking a gyratory or like movement, in order to admit first of the lifting
of the outer end of the rail, and then the turning of the same from one side to the
other of a berth, substantially as described and set forth in Figure 26.
Twenty-thirdly. In lee-rails, the improvements in the construction of the said
lee-rails, and the means of locking and mounting and the fittings thereof, substan-
tially as and for the purpose described and set forth in Figure 26.
Twenty-fourthly. In berth framings, the means herein described of connecting lee-
rails, or the supplementary set-down rods of lee-rails to berth framings, substantially as
described and set forth in Figure 27.
Twenty-fifthly. In fastenings for lee-rails, the combination with a set-down
pivot and open topped bracket, of a jointed locking cap g, substantially as described
and set forth in Figure 28.
Twenty-sixthly. In lee-rail, sliding the same under the berth framings clear of
the sackings, by portions of the same taking and sliding within races or upon

page_text: brackets directed under the said framings, substantially as and for the purpose as
described and set forth in Figures 29 to 36 inclusive.
Twenty-seventhly. In stow-away fittings for slide-under lee-rails, consisting of
hanger race brackets or race brackets, (wherein ends or rollered ends or parts of
the lee-rails take and slide,) carried from the undersides of the berth framings, or
from the bulk heads, substantially and for the purpose as described and set forth
in Figures 29, 30, 31, 33 and 36.
Twenty-eighthly. In stow-away lee-rails, the general construction, arrangement
and combination of the parts and fittings, substantially as described and set forth in
Figures 29, 30, 31 and 33.
Twenty-ninthly. In stow-away lee-rails, the combination with the parts of
Figures 29 to 33, of the locking or affixing means, substantially as described and
set forth in the said figures.
Thirtiethly. In stow-away lee-rails, running the same upon under-rods or guides
as race brackets, substantially and for the purpose as described and set forth in
Figure 34.
Thirty-first. In stow-away lee-rails or lee-boards, the combination with race
brackets passing under the berth framing, or contiguous to it, of flexible lees or
lee-boardings, which are capable of running within the said races, and being with-
drawn therefrom in the way and by the means substantially as described and set
forth in Figures 35 and 36.
Thirty-secondly. In stow-away lee-rails or lee-boards, running the races to a
lee-rail height above the berth framing, and with the same running coincident with
the under races, and which combined upper and under races may be either carried
by the berth framing, or by the bulkheads adjacent to the framing, and within
which races, the ends or the rollered ends of flexible lee-boards or lee-rails slide,
substantially as and for the purpose described and set forth in Figures 35 and 36.
Thirty-thirdly. In lee-rail fittings, mountings and locking means, or the same
combined, the general construction, arrangement, combination and fitting of the
parts, substantially as described and set forth in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33 and 34.
Thirty-fourthly. The improvements in, or in the construction of, lec-rails or
lee-boards, and in the fittings and means of working, using and stowing away the
same, substantially as described and set forth in Figures 35 and 36.
Dated this 12th day of September 1893.
WILLIAM PARISH HOSKINS,
By Henry Skerrett,
6, Livery Street, Birmingham, Agent for Applicant.