IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILS FOR RAILWAYS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS MAY ALSO BE APPLIED TO THE MANUFACTURE OF BARS FOR THE TYRES OF RAILWAY WHEELS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES TO WHICH THE SAID BARS ARE OR MAY BE APPLICABLE
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Elijah Stott, of Monks Coppenhall, in the County
of Chester, Manager of Works, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILS FOR RAILWAYS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS MAY ALSO
BE APPLIED TO THE MANUFACTURE OF BARS FOR THE TYRES OF RAILWAY
WHEELS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES TO WHICH THE SAID BARS ARE OR MAY BE
APPLICABLE."
Sealed the 8th September 1864, and dated the 1st April 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Elijah Stott at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st April
1864.
I, ELIJAH STOTT, of Monks Coppenhall, in the County of Chester, Manager
of Works, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILS FOR RAILWAYS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS MAY
ALSO BE APPLIED TO THE MANUFACTURE OF BARS FOR THE TYRES OF RAILWAY
WHEELS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES TO WHICH THE SAID BARS ARE OR MAY BE APPLI-
CABLE," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in making

page_text: steel faced rails for railways, which improvements may also be applied to the
manufacture of steel faced bars for the tyres of railway wheels, and for various
other purposes.
In making the pile from which the rails are to be made, I take a bar or
slab of wrought or puddled iron, the said bar or slab having a groove on one
of its faces running along its whole length, and nearly as wide as the said
bar or slab. In the said groove I place a bar or slab of steel of such a size
that it fills up the groove in the bar or slab of wrought iron. The compound
bar or slab, thus produced, consists through one-half its thickness, and also
along the whole of its edges, of wrought or malleable iron, the remaining
portions being of steel. When I wish to make a rail or bar having only one
steel faced surface, I take one of the compound bars or slabs described, and
make it the top or bottom of the pile, the steel face being outwards, that is,
I pile upon the said compound bar or slab old rails, or other bars of wrought
or malleable iron, so as to make a pile in the way commonly practised
in piling iron; I then heat the pile, and by rolling weld it into a compact mass
which may be drawn out by rolling into rails or bars of the required size and
shape. When I wish to make a rail or bar having two steel faced surfaces,.
I make the pile with one of the compound bars or slabs described at the top,
and another of the said compound bars or slabs at the bottom, the steel face
in each case being outwards. Instead of using a bar or slab of wrought or
malleable iron, with a groove in it for making the compound bar or slab, a
plain bar may be used of greater width than the bar of steel employed. In
this case I place a narrow bar of wrought or malleable iron on either side
the bar of steel, the said narrow bars of iron being of such a size that the
combined width of the said bars and the steel bar between them is equal to
the width of the plain iron bar on which they are placed. The depth of the
narrow iron bars is equal to the thickness of the steel bar.
By making the
compound bar or slab, of which the top or top and bottom of the pile is made
in the ways described, the edges of the bar of steel are preserved from the
injurious action of the fire during the heating of the pile, and a sound welding
of the steel to the iron is produced by the action of the rolls.
My Invention is applicable to the manufacture of bars of various sections..

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Elijah Stott in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
26th September 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ELIJAH
STOTT, of Monks Coppenhall, in the County of Chester, Manager of Works,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Elijah Stott, Her special licence that I, the said Elijah
Stott, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Elijah Stott, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILS FOR RAILWAYS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS MAY
ALSO BE APPLIED TO THE MANUFACTURE OF BARS FOR THE TYRES OF RAILWAY
WHEELS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES TO WHICH THE SAID BARS ARE OR MAY BE APPLI-
CABLE," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Elijah Stott,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seat
Patent Office within six calendar months- next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Elijah Stott, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
making steel faced rails for railways, which improvements may also be applied
to the manufacture of steel faced bars for the tyres of railway wheels, and for
various other purposes.
.
In making the pile from which the rails are to be made, I take a bar or'
slab of wrought or puddled iron, the said bar or slab having a groove on one'

page_text: of its faces running along its whole length, and nearly as wide as the said bar
or slab. In the said groove I place a bar or slab of steel of such a size that
it fills up the groove in the bar or slab of wrought or puddled iron. The
compound bar or slab thus produced consists through about one half its thick-
ness, and also along the whole of its edges, of wrought or malleable iron, the
remaining portions being of steel. When I wish to make a rail or bar
baving only one steel faced surface, I take one of the compound bars or slabs
described and make it the top or bottom of the pile, the steel face being out-
wards, that is, I pile upon the said compound bar or slab old rails, or other
bars of wrought or malleable iron, so as to make a pile in the way commonly
practised in piling iron; I then heat the pile and by rolling weld it into a
compact mass which may be drawn out by rolling into rails or bars of the
required size and shape. When I wish to make a rail or bar having two
steel faced surfaces, I make the pile with one of the compound bars or slabs
described at the top, and another of the said compound bars or slabs at the
bottom, the steel face in each case being outwards. Instead of using a bar
or slab of wrought or malleable iron with a groove in it for making the
compound bar or slab, a plain bar may be used of greater width than the
bar of steel employed; in this case I place a narrow bar of wrought or
malleable iron on either side the bar of steel, the said narrow bars of iron
being of such a size that the combined width of the said bars and the steel
bar between them is equal to the width of the plain iron bar or slab on which
they are placed. The depth of the narrow iron bars is equal to the thick-
ness of the steel bar. By making the compound bar or slab of which the
top or top and bottom of the pile is made in the ways described, the edges
of the bar of steel are preserved from the injurious action of the fire during
the heating of the pile, and a sound welding of the steel to the iron is pro-
duced by the action of the rolls.
My Invention is applicable to the manufacture of bars of various sections.
Having explained the nature of my Invention, I will proceed to describe
with reference to the accompanying Drawings, the manner in which the same
is to be performed.
Figure 1. represents in section a compound bar or slab of wrought or
puddled iron and steel to be used in carrying my Invention into effect;
the said compound bar or slab consists of a bar or slab of wrought or puddled
iron marked a, and a slab or bar of steel marked b. The said bar or slab
of iron a, has a groove or trough c made in one of its faces, the said groove c
running along the whole length of the bar, and being nearly as wide as the

page_text: said bar as represented. In the said groove or trough c, the slab or bar of:
steel 6 is placed, the said bar or slab of steel filling up the said groove c, the.
edges of the bar of steel being covered and protected by the sides of the said:
groove or trough c. In making a rail or bar with only one steel faced surface,
according to my Invention, I take the compound bar or slab, Figure 1, and.
make it the bottom (or top) of the pile as represented in section in Figure.2,:
the steel face of the bar or slab being turned outwards. I pile upon the said.
compound bar or slab a, b, old rails or bars d, in the manner represented in.
Figure 2, and as commonly practised in piling iron; the depressions between
the flanges of the rails at top and bottom being filled up by properly shaped
bars e, as represented. The pile, Figure 2, with or without a sláb of wrought
or puddled iron on its top is raised to a welding heat, and welded by rolling
into a compact mass or bloom. The said mass or bloom is afterwards re-
heated and drawn out by rolling or hammering into rails or bars of the
required size and shape. When the rail or bar is required to have two steel.
faced surfaces I make the pile with two of the compound bars or slabs, Figure 1,
one of the said bars or slabs being placed at the top, and the other at the bottom
of the pile, the steel face in each of the slabs being outwards. A pile with a
compound slab or bar both at top and bottom is represented in section in.
Figure 3. Instead of making the sides of the groove or trough. in the iron
slab or bar a at right angles to the bottom of the said bar as in Figure 1,.
they may be inclined or be made of a dovetail figure, the steel bar or slab
having a corresponding shape to fit the said dovetail groove or trough; a
compound bar or slab of this kind is represented in section in Figure 4, the
iron bar or slab being marked a, and the steel bar or slab placed in the said
bar a being marked b. The making up of the compound slab or bar may
also be effected in the manner represented in section in Figure 5 of the
Drawing, that is to say, instead of taking a bar or slab of iron with a groove-
or trough in it as before described, I take a plain bar of wrought or puddled
iron f, the said bar being of greater width than the steel bar g employed,
and I place on either side the steel bar g narrow bars of wrought or puddled
iron h, h, the outer sides of the said narrow bars h being flush with the sides
of the plain bar of iron f. The parts f, g, h, are raised to a welding heat and
welded together before being used to form the top or bottom or top and bottom-
of the pile, or they may be used in the pile in the positions represented with-
out being welded together. In order to make the steel bar or slab engage
more firmly with the iron bar or slab by which it is surrounded on three sides:
the said steel bar or slab may have a rib, or projection running along its

page_text: under side, which rib or projection is made to engage in a groove in the iron
slab within that in which the greater part of the steel slab fits. This arrange-
ment of the compound bar or slab is represented in section in Figure 6;
being the steel bar or slab, and ke the wrought iron bar or slab. In making
compound bars or slabs which are to be used in a pile, in which old rails or
railway bars are employed, I prefer to give that face of the compound bar or
slab which is situated outwards in the pile of such a figure that it will fit in
the depressions between the flanges of the rails or bars: In this case I also
prefer to make the iron bar or slab in two pieces, the bar or slab of steel
fitting between the said iron pieces. Figure 7 represents in section a com-
pound bar or slab of the last described kind; l, m, are the two iron bars or slabs
between which the slab or bar of steel n is situated and fits in the manner
represented. The under side 12, m³, of each of the bars l, m, is so shaped that
it fits into and fills up the depression between the flanges of the rails.
Figure 8 represents in section a pile made up of old rails or bars and having
a, top and bottom compound bar or slab of the kind represented in Figure 7.
By giving the parts 12, m³, of the bars l, m, the form represented no filling in
pieces are required as when the inner face of the compound bar or slab is flat,
as in Figures 2 and 3. By making compound bars or slabs of which the top
or bottom or top and bottom of the pile are made in the several ways
described and represented, the edges of the steel bars are effectually covered
by the iron portion of the compound bar or slab, and thereby preserved from
the injurious action of the fire during the heating of the pile, and a sound
welding of the steel to the iron is produced by the action of the rolls. I
make the bars or slabs of iron and steel, of which the compound bars or slabs
are composed, by rolling them in properly grooved rolls, but as the said rolls,
and the method by which the said bars are rolled, constitute no part of my
Invention, I do not think it necessary to describe the said rolls and process.
Although I have only represented in the accompanying Drawings piles
made according to my Invention by the combination of old rails with com-
pound bars or slabs of iron and steel, yet my Invention may be carried into
effect by the use of plain or other bars of iron instead of old rails.
Having now described the nature, of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not
limit myself to the precise details herein described and represented in the
Drawings, as the same may be varied without departing from the nature of
my Invention, but I claim as my Invention, the improvements in the manu-
facture of steel faced rails for railways, and steel faced bars for the tyres of

page_text: railway wheels, and for other purposes to which the said bars are or may be
applicable, herein-before described and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings, that is to say, making the top or bottom or top and bottom of the
pile from which the said rails or bars are to be made of a compound bar or
slab of iron and steel, the edges of the slab or bar of steel of the said com-
pound bar or slab being covered and protected essentially in the several
ways described and illustrated, so as thereby to preserve the said edges of
the steel bar or slab from the injurious action of the fire during the heating
of the pile, and ensure a sound welding of the said steel to the iron.
In witness whereof, I, the said Elijah Stott, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-third day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
Witness,
WILLIAM MCNEILL,
Crewe.
ELIJAH STOTT. (L.B.)