IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING WAXED PAPERS
Year: 1884

page_text: I, JOSIAH JOWITT, of the Stanley Chemical Works at Stanley, Morris County,
in the State of New Jersey, United States of America, Manufacturer do hereby
declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND
APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING WAXED PAPERS," to be as follows:-
"
This invention consists in the method and apparatus for the manufacture of
waxed paper, or most commonly paraffine coated paper, although the apparatus is
applicable to coating or saturating paper and other thin extended fabrics with
other substances than wax.
My improved method of waxing paper consists in passing a continuous web of
paper into a bath of melted wax, and in the means of removing the superfluous
wax therefrom, also in passing the waxed paper between opposite cold surfaces
whereby the wax is chilled and set. My invention also consists of other features
in connection with the method and the apparatus, which I will proceed to describo.
The apparatus comprises a tank for containing the melted wax, and a series of
rollers over and under which the web of paper is carried, one of the rollers being
immersed in the wax, so that the paper in passing down, around this roller, and up
again, is made to pass through the bath of wax. A heated roller, preferably hollow
and heated by steam, is arranged above the tank, and over it the saturated paper
passes and is heated thereby causing any excess of wax to run back into the tank.
The paper then passes over another roller, which may be heated or not. If it is
heated, the heated roller just described may be omitted. From this roller the
paper passes on a level and enters between a pair of hollow pressure rollers which
are pressed together by weights or springs, and are driven by power so that they
draw the web of paper along. These rollers are kept cool by passing cold fluid
through their interiors, as I will presently describe. The paper, in passing between
these cold rollers, is made dense and compact, and its coating of wax chilled or
hardened, and its surface burnished or polished thereby. The chilling of the wax
sets it and enables the paper to be immediately rolled up without further cooling or
drying, and without any liability of the folded layers adhering together in the roll
The paper is then wound on a roller, or is out into sheets as required,

page_text: I prefere to cool the pressure rollers, by passing cooled air through them, which
I acomplish by a blower arranged to force air through a circuitous passage in a
refrigerating chamber. In this chamber are a series of coils of pipe through
which the refrigerating gas or vapor from an ice machine is caused to flow. The
air by flowing past and in contact with these coils is thoroughly cooled, and is
carried through a pipe to the pressing rollers, which it enters through their hollow
journals. An expansion-joint may be provided to permit the rollers to move
toward or from each other without disturbing the pipe. A thermometer is placed
in the cold air pipe to shew the temperature. The rollers should be cooled to
about 40° Fahrenheit.
The pressing rollers may be cooled by other means than by passing cooled air
through them. For instance, the pipe conveying the refrigerating vapor from the
ice machine may pass through the axis of the rollers, or the refrigerating may be
admitted into them, or cold water may be caused to flow through them instead
of air.
A scraper is provided, which is pressed against the pressure rollers by a weight or
spring, to free them from wax which may adhere to them.

page_text: WELL DIFICATION.
I, JOSIAH JOWITT of the Stanley Chemical Works at Stanley Morris County,
in the State of New Jersey, United States of America Manufacturer do hereby
declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHODS OF AND
APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING WAXED PAPERS," and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described. and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
-
The object of this Invention is the manufacture of waxed paper, or more
commonly paraffine coated-paper although the apparatus is applicable to coating
or saturating paper or other thin extended fabrics with other substances than wax.
My improved method of waxing paper consists in passing a continuous web of
paper into a bath of melted paraffine or other wax draining the same of super-
fluous wax and passing it between opposite cold surfaces whereby the wax is
chilled and set.
My invention also consists of other features in connection with the method and
apparatus all of which will be fully hereinafter set forth.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings is a vertical longitudinal section of the
entire apparatus for carrying out my invention, Figure 2 is a side elevation of the
waxing machine alone, and Figure 3 is an end elevation thereof. A represents a
tank for containing the melted wax, and a a coiled steam pipe therein for heating
the wax. B, B, are two hollow pressure rollers, arranged preferably above the
tank, and C, C, are air pipes leading to the said rollers, and communicating with
their interiors through their hollow journals.
Referring to Fig 1. D is a blower which forces air through a pipe D¹ into a
refrigerating chamber E of any suitable construction, and from this chamber the
pipe C leads to the, rollers B, B. Thus the air set in motion by the blower is
cooled to a sufficiently low temperature and is passed through the rollers B, B,
thereby cooling them and keeping them cool.
A temperature of about 40° Fahrenheit is preferable for these rollers. In order
to test the temperature of the air I apply a thermometer T to the pipes as seen in
Fig 3.
.
The refrigerating chamber E may be made in many different ways. The con-
struction shown consists of a box or chamber divided by alternate partitions e e
into a circuitous passage through which the air flows in passing through the
chamber, and in each compartment is arranged a flat coil of pipe F the said coils
being connected by short pipes and the terminals of the upper and lower coils
connecting with pipes ff which pass out of the chamber and are fitted with
suitable valves. These pipes fƒ ƒ will be arranged in connection with any suitable
ice-machine, whereby a current of refrigerating vapour or gas will be caused to
flow through them'in much the same manner as is commonly employed for cooling
the vaults of breweries,
مامان

page_text: The means shown for cooling the air is only one of the various means that may
be employed for that purpose, and obviously forms in itself no essential part of my
invention as any other suitable and practicable means may be used instead.
Referring to Figs 1 and 2, G is the roll of paper to be treated which is mounted
on suitable bearings. g is the web of paper proceeding from the roll, and h h are
tension rollers around which the web of paper passes.
In the tank A is an immersed roller i underneath which the web of paper is
carried in order to pass it through the melted wax. Above the tank is a hollow
roller which is heated by steam entering it through the pipe k. The paper passes
over this roller and is heated to cause the wax to permeate it thoroughly and to
cause any excess of wax to be melted and to run back down the web of paper into
the tank.
From this roller the paper passes over another roller and thence between the
cold pressure rollers B, B. The roller serves to lift. the paper to the level of the
entrance to the squeezing rollers and guides the paper into them, so that both
rollers shall come in contact with it simultaneously on the instant of its com-
pression by them. Thus I avoid the cooling of the paper on one side first and
before compression, as would occur were the paper to enter the rollers diagonally
and so touch one roller before coming between the two. These cold rollers act to
solidify the paper, to chill and harden its coating of wax, and to impart to it a
burnished or polished surface. The chilling of the wax sets it, and enables the
paper to be immediately rolled up without further cooling or drying, and, without
any liability of the layers to adhere together on the "winding on roller H which
is rotated to wind the paper on it by means of a. loose belt or other frictional
gearing.
"
The rollers B, B, have bearings in frames I, I, and may be pressed together by
screws, springs, weights, or otherwise; but I prefer to press them together by
compound weighted levers, as shown in Fig 2. The bearings of the lower roller
are fixed, and over each bearing of the upper roller is placed a cross-head m from
which two rods n, n extend down beneath the frame I and are joined by a yoke p,
to the middle of which is connected a lever q, and the extremity of this lever is
- connected through links to another lever r bearing on its extremity a weight w.
This weight is greatly multiplied in its effect by the levers and exerts a heavy and
steady downward pressure on the upper roller.
In order to allow for some movement of the rollers B, B towards and from each
other I provide an expansion joint in the pipe C between the branches leading to
the rollers.
.
A scraper J is applied to the lower roller B, and pressed up against the latter by
a weight or spring and serves to scrape off any particles of wax that may be
squeezed out of the paper by the rollers, causing the particles to drop back into the
tank and be remelted.
The heated roller j may be omitted. entirely, although it is preferable to employ
it, or the functions of the roller j and i may be combined by omitting the latter
roller and elevating the former to the position shown in dotted lines at jin Fig. 2.
The manipulation to which the paper is subjected in this machine consists in
first causing it to pass into and out of a bath of melted wax; second (by preference)
passing it over a heated surface to expel the superfluous wax and more thoroughly
incorporate what remains; third, passing it between cooled pressure rollers,
thereby chilling and hardening the wax, and finally rolling the waxed paper on a
winding roller.
• Instead of rolling the finished paper it may be carried off in a flat web and cut
into sheets. The rollers B, B may be cooled by other incans than by passing
cooled air through them. For instance the refrigerating pipes fmay pass through
their axis, or the refrigerating vapour or gas may be admitted into them, or cold
water may be caused to flow through them instead of air.

page_text: I make no broad claim to artificially cooling the waxed paper after it has
received its coating of wax and before it is wound up'or cut into sheets, because
I am well aware that waxed paper has, been so cooled prior to my invention by
means of currents of air.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
Firstly The improved method of making waxed paper, which consists in passing
a web of paper in contact with melted wax, and thence in contact with sinooth
cold surfaces, whereby the wax is simultaneously hardened and burnished sub-
stantially as set forth.
Secondly The improved method of making waxed paper, which consists in
passing a web of paper through a bath of melted wax then over a heated surface
and then between cold pressure rollers, substantially as set forth.
Thirdly The improved apparatus for waxing paper which consists of the com-
bination of a tank A for containing the melted wax hollow pressure rollers B, B,
and suitable means substantially as described for cooling the said rollers by passing
a cold fluid therethrough substantially as set forth.
Dated this 11th day of July 1885.
TASKER & CROSSLEY,
Patent Agents,
Commercial Street, Halifax,
Agents for the Applicant.