IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR FINISHING SEWING THREAD AND TWINE
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents, 66,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for an Invention
of "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR FINISHING SEWING THREAD AND TWINE."
A communication from abroad by Arnold Romeo Villain, of Paris, in the
Republic of France.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Edward Newton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th July 1880.
HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR FINISHING
SEWING THREAD AND TWINE" [A communication from abroad by Arnold Romeo
Villain, of Paris, in the Republic of France.]
The object of this Invention is to construct a machine in which the two
operations of glazing and waxing thread, usually performed at different times and
in separate machines, may be effected successively at one operation, and in a more
efficient and expeditious manner than heretofore.
The machine consists of a long frame carried on suitable standards, and provided
with recesses to receive the bearings of a number of rotary brushes and rollers.
At one end of this frame is mounted an inclined table which carries the bobbins
on which the threads to be acted upon are wound. At the foot of this table is a
trough containing the glazing material through which the threads are passed. On
leaving this trough the threads are carried over a fixed brush where any excess of
glazing material is removed, and between a pair of feed rollers which regulate the
quantity of the thread to be delivered to the machine. These feed rollers which
are driven at a regulated speed are hollow, and heated by steam in any
convenient manner. From these feed rollors the threads pass between the teeth of
a comb to a series of brushes, where they receive a rubbing action. The brushes
are driven by pullies which can be changed according to the size of the threads
passing through the machine. After passing the last brush, the threads receive a
further rubbing action from a roller covered with felt, and they then pass
completely dry and glazed to the waxing operation. In carrying on this operation
ID 671

page_text: in the improved machine pure wax in a liquid state is used, instead of as heretofore
saponified wax.
The apparatus by which this operation is effected consists of a series of hollow
rollers or cylinders covered with thick felt which is charged with wax
The rollers
These
are heated by steam to a temperature above the point of fusion of the wax.
rollers are driven at considerable speed, and they deposit on the threads passing
between them an unfinitessimal coating of wax. Placed alternately between the
waxing rollers is a series of brushes, to which a corresponding motion is imparted.
These brushes, the hardness of which is graduated, serve to remove any excess of
wax from the threads and give them brilliancy.
The threads are finished by passing under a roller covered with woollen plush,
and-driven-at-the same speed as the brushes and waxing rollers. After leaving the
finishing roller the threads are passed through the teeth of-a-second comb to a
winding frame, where they are wound on bobbins. For greater regularity in the
drawing off movement, and consequently in the tension of the threads, the spindles
of the bobbins are driven through a train of gearing from the main shaft of the
sizing and waxing machine.
It will thus be seen that the threads passing through this machine will be first
sized and immediately afterwards waxed.
It will however be evident that either operation may, if desired, be used without
the other.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Henry Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Offico on the
8th January 1881.
HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in tho
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR FINISHING
SEWING THREAD AND TWINE." A communication from abroad by Arnold Romeo
Villain, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
Sowing thread and twine before being made up into balls or on reels are either
glazed or waxed, but for many years these two operations, completely different in
themselves, have both been required for threads. Hitherto the threads have been
glazed in one machine and waxod in another, the result being to double the staff
and to occasion much waste.
Now the object of this Invention is to construct a machino in which these two
operations of glazing and waxing sewing thread and twine may be effected
successively at one passing through, and in a more efficient and expeditious manner
than heretofore.
In the accompanying Drawing, Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the improved
machine for finishing thread and twine, and Fig. 2 is a plan view of the samo.
A, A, is a long rectangular frame, preferably of cast iron, carried by standards B.
The side pieces of the frame A are formed with recesses to receive the bearings for
a number of rotary brushes and rollers, to be hereafter more particularly referred to.
At oue end of the frame A is mounted an inclined table T which carries tho
bobbins, upon which the twisted threads or twine to be finished are wound. At
the foot of this table T is a trough D containing the glazing material through
which the threads have to pass. A roller suitably mounted in the trough, and
turning in contact with the glazing material, is used to insure the contact of tho
threads with the glazing material, and the trough is fitted with a steam pipe,
whereby the glazing material is kept in a liquid state. On leaving this trough D
the threads are carried over a fixed brush E, where any excess of glazing material
is removed, and between a pair of feed rollers F and G, which regulate the quantity
of the thread to be delivered to the machine. These feed rollers are hollow and
heated by stean in any convenient manner.
They are driven by bands from conical wheels mounted on the axles H and I,
and which allow for increasing or diminishing the speed of the rollers F and Gas
desired.
From these feed rollers the threads pass between the teeth of a comb & to a series
of brushes C, C, C, C+ placed alternately two above and two below the line of
traverse of the thread when they receive a rubbing action. These brushes are
driven by a band from a driving pulley K, through pulleys keyed on their axles,
which pulleys can be changed in order to increase or diminish the speed of rotation
of the brushes, according to the size of the threads passing through the machine.
After passing the last brush C+ the threads receive a further rubbing action from a
roller C covered with felt, and they then pass completely dry and glazed to the
second part of the apparatus to undergo the waxing operation. In effecting this
operation pure wax in a liquid state is used, instead of saponified wax, as here-
tofore.
The apparatus by which this operation is effected, consists of a series of hollow
copper rollers or cylinders L, L, L, L, placed alternately two above and two below
the line of traverse of the thread, and covered with thick felt which is charged with
wax. These rollers L, L, L, L, are heated internally by steam to a temperature
above the point of fusion of the wax, which is held in the felt by a capillary
attraction. These rollers are driven at considerable speed by belts from pulleys P,

page_text: and they deposit on threads passing between them an infinitesimal coating of wax.
The brushes M2, M3, M³, receive a rapid rotary motion by the pulleys P. These
brushes, the hardness of which is graduated, serve to remove any excess of wax
from the threads and give them brilliancy. The finishing of the threads is
completed by passing them under a roller Ñ covered with woollen plush. After
leaving the roller N, the threads are passed through the teeth of a second comb d¹
to a winding frame R, where they are wound on bobbins or reels S.
The winding frame R carries a number of bobbins or reels equal to that on the
table T, this number is generally one hundred, but it is not limited, as a greater or less
number may be mounted on the table. For greater regularity in the drawing off
movement, and consequently in the tension of the threads, the bobbin spindles are
driven through a train of gearing from the main shaft of the sizing and waxing
-machine:-
-
A train of change wheels U, U³, US, which communicate motion-to-the-shaft-V,
allows for an increase or decrease in the speed of the winding spindles, according to
the numbers of the thread. It will thus be seen that the threads passing through
the machine will be first sized and immediately afterwards waxed.
The main shaft communicates motion to the toothed wheels U¹, U³, U³, the last
of which actuates through bevil gear the horizontal shaft V.
It will however be evident that either operation may, if desired, be used without
the other; thus, if simply glazing is required, it will only be necessary to remove
the waxing rollers L, L, L, L, and the brushes AM, M³, M³, and leave the brushes
C¹, C, C³, C, and the roller N working. On the contrary, if the waxing operation
only is required, the trough D, brushes C1, C2, C3, C4, and roller C will have to be
removed, leaving the-rollers-L!, L2, L, L, brushes M1, M2, M³, and finishing
roller N working.
-
Having now described this Invention of "Improved Apparatus for Finishing
Sewing Thread and Twine," as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent,
and explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be under-
stood that under the above in part recited Letters Patent I claim, the apparatus,
substantially as herein described and shewn in the Drawing, for finishing sewing
thread and twine, as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Edward Newton, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Seventh day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.