Improvements in Locomotive and other Exhaust Nozzles.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd June, 1899-Accepted, 14th Oct., 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Locomotive and other Exhaust Nozzles.
I, DON SWENEY, of Champaign, Illinois, U.S. of America, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following.
statement:-
This invention relates to nozzles, and particularly. to locomotive exhaust:
nozzles.
The prime object of the invention is to provide means for utilizing or expending
the entire energy of the exhaust steam in discharging gases through the smoke
stack of a locomotive. A further object of the invention is to provide a nozzle.
of such peculiar and novel construction that the steam and gases are intermingled,
the smoke stack is filled with a mixture of steam and gas having a uniform
velocity throughout and a proper draft is produced with a lower back pressure,
at a consequent saving of fuel.
These objects and results are attained by passing the exhaust steam through.
radial openings of special shape to form fan like steam jets; between which the.
gases are drawn; thereby utilizing the entire energy of the exhaust steam for.
discharging the mixture into the stack; and by combining or operating the
nozzle in conjunction with a stack which will assist in forming a proper vacuum.
with the least expenditure of energy:
Other objects and improved results accruing from the special features of my.
invention will be revealed in the specification and claims to follow:-
In the accompanying drawings forming part of this application. Fig. 1 is an
interior end view of a locomotive boiler with my nozzle applied.
Fig. 2 is a top view of the nozzle.
Fig. 3 is a vertical section of one of the vanes on the line x-x. Fig. 4 is a:
section on the plane indicated by the dotted line y―y Fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is a modification in elevation.
Fig. 6 is a further modification in section showing a nozzle with a draft
lating valve.
regu-
The same numeral references denote the same parts throughout the several
figures of the drawings..
The smoke stack (1) has a hood (2) and my improved nozzle (3) is bolted or
otherwise secured to the nozzle stand (4) directly under the stack hood.
The nozzle (3) has a central passage, duct or port (5) the wall of which is slightly
conical or slants downwardly and inwardly from the top to the bottom, where said
wall terminates considerably above the bottom of the nozzle. Said port (5) is
connected with a pipe (5) projecting from the air pump exhaust pipe (6ª).
A series of vanes (8) radiate or extend from the wall of the central port (5)
with - an interval or space (9) between the vanes for the passage of gases. The
vanes (8) increase in width from the top to the bottom, where they merge into
the exterior cylindrical surface of the nozzle (3) at the lower end of the said
spaces (9). Thus giving the vanes a wedged shape appearance and the spaces
a. V shape in cross section. The top surface of the vanes increase in width from
1

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the wall of the central port (5) to their outer edge which gives the said surface
a V or wedged shape appearance.
Each vane (8) has a separate and independent duct or port (10) which increases
in width from the top to the bottom, and from the wall of the port (5) to the end
wall of the vanes thus diminishing the whole area of the ports (10) toward the top
of the nozzle.
This construction will gradually accelerate the velocity of the exhaust steam
from that of the exhaust pipe to that of the discharge; and forms the gas passages
or spaces (9) into approximately proportional size to the size of the vane ports (10).
Referring to Fig. 5 the vanes 11 are the same as those just described except
that the top surface 12 of each vane slants away from the central port to the edge
of the vanes: This will tend to throw the column of exhaust steam more direct
and distribute it more completely in the stack.
Referring to Fig. 6 the top surface of the central port wall 13 is straight, the
top face of the vanes 14 near the periphery of the nozzle is slightly curved enough
at (15) to cause the jets to strike just inside and near the bottom or base of the
sack. The portion of the top of the vanes between the curved portion (15) and
the central port wall (13) has a steep incline (16).
The central port terminates in an orifice (6) having a regulating valve (17)
controlled by a spring (18) to regulate the draft as desired. The tension of said
spring being proportioned in accordance with the exhaust pressure.
This valve may be employed in the other forms but when so employed the
pipe (5) is dispensed with.
This construction gives the velocity, direction and form of each jet of steam
simultaneously, and in a comparatively short distance, thus avoiding long con-
tracted passages. It has been found that when the central port of the nozzle is
left constantly closed the draft is not proper for all working conditions of the
engine; that is if the nozzle is constructed to give the proper draft under heavy
working conditions, it is not proper for light working conditions, therefore thè
nozzle must be made to suit the normal working of the engine.
In these nozzles there is no increase in the velocity of the exhaust steam until
it reaches the ports.
The ports are of such form that the width is approximately proportional to the
space between them, and as a result the force of the blast increases from the inner.
to the outer end of the ports, proportional to the quantity of surrounding gases,
thus thoroughly mixing the gases with the steam and imparting a uniform.
velocity to the whole.
I do not wish to be understood as limiting myself to a nozzle with a valve, to
any special shape or form of the nozzle face or vane surfaces to any special size
of nozzle, nor to any particular dimensions of the vanes or of the ports, as I
desire to reserve the right to make such changes and alterations as will effect the
best results in the practical application of the nozzle without departing from the
spirit of my invention.
Having thus particularly described my invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed I declare that what I claim is:-
1: In an exhaust nozzle, a series of vertical vanes the walls of which form the
body of the nozzle with a space between the vanes and a separate independent
port in each vane as set forth.
2. An exhaust nozzle for locomotives comprising a series of vertical_vanes,
each vane having an independent and separate vertical port, said vanes and ports
increasing in width and breadth from the top to the bottom, as set forth.
3: A nozzle having a series of vertical hollow vanes increasing in. size from
the top to the bottom, a central independent port and ✓ shaped spaces between
the vanes forming gas passages, as set forth.
4: An exhaust attachment for locomotives, comprising a nozzle having a
central port, a series of wedge shaped vanes radiating from the central port but

page_text: separated therefrom, each vane having a wedged shaped vertical duct or port of
less width at the top than at the bottom.
5: A nozzle having vertical vanes which increase in size from the top to the
bottom of the nozzle, a vertical port straight through each vane and terminating
in a contracted discharge opening.
6: A nozzle having a central port, a series of vertical vanes gradually increas-
ing in size from the top to the bottom of the nozzle, each vane having a separate
vertical port independent of the central port, and terminating at the top in the
same plane with the said central port as set forth.
1000