matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Abbott at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st August 1878.
WILLIAM HENRY ABBOTT, of Harrow, in the County of Middlesex. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES."
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of boots and shoes,
and has for its object to provide means for preventing the injury which is occasioned
to the side elastics of boots and shoes by reason of the dissolvent action of the
greasy matters which are in or upon the leather, to which such elastics are united
in the manufacture of the boot or shoe.
The joining of the elastics to the leather employed necessitates their immediate
contact with this leather, which is often impregnated beforehand with compositions
wasting or destructive to the india-rubber. The result of the immediate contact of
these two bodies, the one destroying the other, is to destroy the cohesion between
the two parts, and to cause the rapid destruction of the boot, of which they form
parts.
If manufactured boots are kept long in stock it is frequently found that the con-
nection between the leather and the elastic is partly or wholly destroyed, so that
such boots are then useless until the defect has been repaired.
By practising my said Invention this disadvantage is entirely obviated in a very
simple manner.
In carrying the said Invention into practice I provide strips of linen or other
woven fabrics, paper, parchment, or any other suitable material, and place them
between that portion of the elastic which is to be joined to the leather and the
leather itself. I propose to cover one side of such strips with a coating of black
varnish, and the other side with gum, and the strips so prepared are stuck upon
the leather at its point of junction with the elastic, which is thus preserved from
the dissolvent action of greasy matters in the leather.
The application of the said slips completely prevents this destructive action;
this interposition neutralizes the injurious action above described, because the
immediate contact is prevented.

page_text: I may coat the said slips with any suitable preservative and impervious sub-
stances, which may be the same or different on both sides.
The said slips may be placed between the parts to be joined, whatever may be
the mode of uniting employed.
I may also employ adhesive materials on both or one of the sides of the coated
surface which is to serve to make the said slips, so as to be able to utilize these
slips for the provisional preservation by causing the adherence of the parts to be
joined, and consequently for their preparation for the final joining operation.
The operation of uniting the elastics to the leather, according to my said Invention,
is effected with great facility and rapidity, and all the other operations, such as
basting and gumming the elastic are dispensed with.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TRAVELLING AND OTHER BAGS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Frederick Williams at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st September 1878.
WILLIAM FREDERICK WILLIAMS, of Little Windmill Street, Golden Square, in
the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TRAVELLING
AND OTHER BAGS."
My Invention relates to travelling bags, and chiefly to those known as "top
fitted" bags, which are usually furnished with toilet and other fittings contained in
wings or compartments at the head of the bag, and it has for its object to enable
access to be had to the said compartments without disclosing the body of the bag,
or vice versa.
I construct the frame of the bag as follows:-
To an ordinary top fitted bag frame I add two extra or outer side frames working
on the same hinges and corresponding in shape with the ordinary side frames. These
additional side frames carry the leather covering forming the wings or compartments
at the upper part of the bag, and enclosing the toilet and other fittings which are
contained in cases or frames fitted outside the ordinary side frames and fixed or not
thereto. When these additional or outer frames are thrown back, the toilet or
other fittings only are exposed. By throwing back the ordinary side frames of the
bag the extra side frames and the toilet fittings fall back with them so as to give
access to the body of the bag without exposing the toilet fittings. The whole of
these frames may be secured by one spring catch engaging with hasps on each
frame, or by separate catches under the control of one lock.
My Invention is not limited to top fitted bags, but can also be applied to other
bags, such as Gladstone bags, in which the fittings can be arranged outside the
ordinary side frames.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SAFETY PINS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter John Lloyd at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd January 1878.
WALTER JOHN LLOYD, of Harborne, in the County of Stafford, Machinist.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SAFETY PINS."
The machine consists of an arrangement of bending tools and their necessary
levers, actuated by cams on a driving shaft, and withdrawn by springs. It is
mounted on a table, and worked by a treadle and clutch wheel gearing. Other
modes of obtaining the motion may be employed, if desired. The wires, cut to the
requisite lengths, hardened and pointed, are fed singly, the blunt end forward, into
the machine and against a guide, when the first tool bends the end into a crank
form, succeeding tools bend the short end of the crank into the requisite form for
the sheath of the pin point, and the final operation is performed by a bending tool
curling the wire in about its mid length into an eye which forms the spring. The
safety pin then drops from beneath the machine.
BALL VALVES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Heritage at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 31st August 1878.
JOHN HERITAGE, of Clapham, in the County of Surrey.
BALL VALVES."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
This Invention relates to improvements in cistern ball valves, such valves as
generally constructed being operated upon by the ball lever so as to close the valvo
upon its seat against the pressure from the main during the rising of the ball in the
cistern, and opening it again by the pressure from the main during the fall of the
said ball.
Now my improvements consist in reversing this action of the valve by opening
it against the pressure of water from the main during the falling of the ball, and
closing it again by the pressure from the main during the rising of the ball. For
this purpose I form the ball lever where it is hinged to the valve box with a cam-.
shaped projection, which is in contact with the end of the valve spindle, and
operates in such a manner that upon the falling of the ball lever in cistern the
cam-shaped projection forces the valve away from its seat against the pressure of
the water from the main, thereby opening the waterway to the cistern, and-upon
the rising of the ball lever in the cistern the cam-shaped projection moves away
from the valve spindle and the pressure of the water from the main closes the valve
on to its seat.
A NEW OR IMPROVED SEAMLESS RUBBER' FOR CARDING ENGINE CONDENSERS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mark Bailey at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 31st January 1878.
MARK BAILEY, of Huddersfield, in the County of York, India-rubber and Felt
Manufacturer. "A NEW OR IMPROVED SEAMLESS RUBBER' FOR CARDING ENGINE
CONDENSERS."
The object of this Invention is to dispense with the use of leather for the rubbing
belts of carding engine" condensers," such leather belts not only being expensive,
but in consequence of the edges having to be joined together they are not as smooth
as is desirable.
I propose to make such rubbing belts of felted fibres, the process of manufacture
being as follows:-The material is taken from a carding engine, and wound or
lapped round a roller of about the required diameter. The "lap" is then hardened
and milled by ordinary felting processes, and afterwards dried and stretched to the
required size upon adjustable rollers so as to "set" in the shape' required when in
use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE CLEANSING OF SHIPS' BOTTOMS AND OTHER SUBMERGED STRUCTURES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Gregory Wade at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th August 1878.
CHARLES GREGORY WADE, of Whaberley Hall, in the County of Warwick,
Barrister-at-Law. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE CLEANSING
OF SHIPS' BOTTOMS AND OTHER SUBMERGED STRUCTURES."
The object of this Invention is to form an apparatus of a skeleton frame, with
jointed onds for the attachment of side strips, which can be held in position by
angle bars and screw nuts to form a jacket or casing to be held against, say, a ship's
side, to enable workmen to descend for the purposes of cleansing, repairing, painting,
or otherwise operating upon the same.
The skeleton frame is covered with waterproof sheeting, and the seams are made
water-tight by thin rubber tubing or long bags, into which air can be forced by
means of a pump.
The apparatus when in position over the side of a vessel is Inshed close to it by
chains or ropes, aided by an exterior frame and screw bolts, by which the chains or
ropes can be made taut; the air bags are then extended, and the water pumped out
of the interior of the casing.
The flexibility of the jointed skeleton frame and the waterproof sheeting enables
the apparatus to conform to any shape of hull or part of a hull against which it may
be placed.
I purpose using several of the above apparatus at the same time, and these may
be so connected as to form a large chamber, in which several men can work at the
same time.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE PRESERVATION OF EGGS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Rudolph Gerstl, of No. 7, Clifton Villas, Camden Square,
in the County of Middlesex, Scientific Chemist, for the Invention of ""IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE PRESERVATION OF EGGS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Rudolph Gerstl at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th January 1878.
"
RUDOLPH GERSTL, of No. 7, Clifton Villas, Camden Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Scientific Chemist. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRESERVATION OF EGGS."
According to my present Invention, I effect the preservation of eggs by coating
them with carbonate of lime.
Various methods may be employed for this purpose; thus, according to one
method, I dip the eggs in lime water, then expose them to the action of carbonic
acid, and dry them."
According to another method, the egg is coated with a solution of carbonate of
lime in water, or other suitable liquid containing carbonic acid.
According to a third method, I coat the eggs with chalk or any other suitable
carbonate of lime.
.
And according to a fourth method, I treat the egg with an acid or other suitable
solvent that will remove a portion of the carbonic acid contained in the outer
surface of the natural shell, and I then treat the egg with carbonic acid, whereby
a new carbonate of lime coating is produced by the combination of the carbonic
acid with that portion of the lime of the shell which has been freed from its
carbonic acid.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Rudolph Gerstl in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 25th July
1878.
RUDOLPH GERSTL, of No. 17, Clifton Villas, Camden Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Scientific Chemist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRESERVATION OF EGGS."
According to my present Invention I effect the preservation of eggs by providing
them with a coating of carbonate of lime. For this purpose I dip the eggs in lime
water, then expose them to the action of carbonic acid, and dry them.
In witness whereof, I; the said Rudolph Gerstl, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-second day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
ד
ANDOMT
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL STONE
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Lincolne Collins at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th April 1878.
DAVID LINCOLNE COLLINS, of Melton Lodge, Gravesend, in the County of Kent
Cement Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL
STONE."
I mix crushed chalk and hydraulic lime or cement with water or with a silicate
solution, and cast or compress the mixture in moulds of suitable size and shape, and
I harden the blocks thus formed by immersing them in a solution of silicate of soda
or in any other suitable silicate solution.
Crushed flints, or shingle, or stone (any or all of them) may be added to the afore-
said mixture of chalk and cement, but in any case the proportions of the relative
ingredients are such that the chalk is the chief ingredient.
In order to make artificial marble I "face," by grinding or rubbing the blocks
made according to my Invention, either before or after they have been immersed in
a silicate solution as aforesaid, and I then glaze them.
The essence of my Invention consists in making blocks of a mixture of chalk and
cement, the chalk being the chief ingredient, and in subsequently hardening the
said blocks by immersing them in a silicate solution, by which mode of treatment I
prevent the chalk from absorbing moisture, and thus render it possible to use chalk
as the chief ingredient of the aforesaid mixture.
IMPROVED APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF 'PUFFS' FOR PUFFED-TOED' BOOTS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Afford at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th May 1878.
FREDERICK AFFORD, of Calvert Street, Norwich, in the County of Norfolk.
'IMPROVED APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF 'PUFFS' FOR
PUFFED-TOED' BOOTS."
It is well known that for some time past boots have been made with what is
called in the trade a "puffed " toe.
The "puff," which consists of a piece of leather or other suitable material, and
which is placed between the lining and the outside of leather of the boot, has
hitherto been bent or blocked to the required shape over the last by the workman
in the best way he could.
Now my Invention consists in shaping or blocking "puffs" by means of dies, a
inale and female, formed to the required shape and made of brass or other suitable
metal or material.
The leather or other material of which the "puff" is made is placed in the lower
or female die, and blocked or forced into shape by means of the upper or malo die.
The advantages of "puffs" blocked according to my Invention are,-
First. They may be made of lighter and much thinner leather than can be used
by workmen in making the ordinary "puffed" toe.
Secondly. The complaint which is sometimes made of puffed toes hurting and
blistering the toes of the wearer, especially in medium and common class goods.
caused by having to employ second and third rate labour upon such goods,
cannot occur where a blocked puff made according to this Invention is used, as they
are made from manufacturers' own models, and made to fit the last perfectly.
Thirdly. The toe of the boot cannot possibly get out of shape, and manufacturers
are able to produce such a uniformity in their goods that cannot be obtained by
the old plan of workman making the puff when lasting the boot.
.
.

page_text: Fourthly. They are so simple in their adaptation that any class of workmen can
ue them, which does away with the great difficulty of getting hands to make the
puffed toe properly, and therefore enables manufacturers to use them in any class
of boots without running the risk of having a variety and ill-shaped toes made by
their workmen.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE COMBINATION OF PICK AND SPADE OR SHOVEL
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Armistead and John Morley
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th April 1878.
WILLIAM ARMISTEAD and JOHN MORLEY, both of Cambridge, in the County of
Cambridge. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE COMBINATION OF PICK AND SPADE OR
SHOVEL'
This Invention relates to a novel combination of a pick and spade or shovel in
one tool, by which means the weight and solid contents or bulk as compared with
two distinct tools is much reduced, and is rendered more portable, and thereby
especially adapted for use in military field work, and for emigrants, as also in other
cases where facility of carriage, compactness, and lightness are desirable. For this
purpose we make our combined pick and spade in two separate parts, the one part
being the handle common to both pick and spade, the other part consisting of the
pick and spade, with an eye or hole between these two latter for the end of the
handle to fit in when our combined tool is to be used as a pick. When it is required
to use the same as a spade the handle is detached from the eye or hole, and the pick
proper is inserted the whole or nearly so of its length into a corresponding hole or
opening made in the end of the handle.
In both cases of use for pick and spade the fitting parts are made with the
taper necessary to ensure the two separate parts of the combined tool fitting tight
into each other.
For the purpose of facilitating carriage the two parts of the combined pick and
spade are detached from each other, and laid together lengthwise, in which position
they are held by means of a projecting stud, with which the pick and spade portion
of our combined tool is provided, sliding into a corresponding recess or groove in
the handle, and by means of the pointed end of the pick at the same time sliding
and fitting into a tapered groove or notch at the end of the handle.
The handle of our combined pick and spade may be made either of wood or
metal, the whole of the other part, namely, the pick, spade, and eye or hole for the
insertion of the handle being made of iron or steel, or both of these metals in
combination.
AN IMPROVED PASTRY BAKING MACHINE FOR OVENS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Henry Rowden Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st July 1878.
ROBERT HENRY ROWDEN CLARK, 40, Conduit Street, London, W. "AN IMPROVED
PASTRY BAKING MACHINE FOR OVENS."
An improvement in pastry baking machines. This machine is made in iron &
other metals. It is composed of a square box made of iron & other metals, inside
of which is a clockwork movement, which moves the top slowly round. The top
stands about half an inch from the box, and is attached to a small piece of iron
coming from the clockwork in the box, and this iron going slowly round turns the
flat round top slowly round also. On this flat round top the pastry is placed, &
also goes slowly round, thus saving opening the oven door every few minutes to
turn your pastry round, to keep it from burning, as is now done; while with
this machine you can place on your pastry, calculate your time, and when you
open your oven door you find it nicely done, without any further trouble.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PORTABLE STOVES FOR BURNING PAINT OFF WOODEN AND OTHER SURFACES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Theophilus Smith at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th November 1878.
THEOPHILUS SMITH, of Hull, in the County of York, Colour Manufacturer. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PORTABLE STOVES FOR BURNING PAINT
OFF WOODEN AND OTHER SURFACES."
This Invention consists in improvements in the construction of portable stoves
employed for the purpose of burning paint off wooden and other surfaces, and
whereby the operator is enabled to maintain the front of the stove always parallel
or at any desired angle to the surface under treatment, irrespectively of the eleva-
tion at which the stove is being employed.
The main portion of the apparatus or stove in which the fuel is placed is con-
structed in any ordinary manner, the front thereof being provided with bars, and
the remainder, with the exception of the top, being closed. To the back of the
apparatus is attached one end of a sinall projection, to the other end of which a
rod or handle of any desired length is hinged or pivoted in such a manner that the
latter may be moved to any required angle, and secured in such position by means
of a screw nut, quadrant, or any other suitable contrivance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BANDAGES TO BE WORN ON THE HUMAN BODY
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Harry Statham at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th October 1878.
HARRY STATHAM, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BANDAGES TO BE WORN ON THE HUMAN BODY."
My Invention relates to such bandages as are intended to be worn on the human
body in treatment or mitigation of diseases or defects such as "varicose veins," and
the object of my Invention is to give gentle elastic pressure and support by a
bandage which will allow perspiration to escape, which is non-absorbent of moisture,
and can be worn with comfort without irritation of the skin or injury to the health;
and my Invention consists in making such bandages of vulcanized india-rubber
formed into thin sheets and cut into strips of widths suitable for bandages, which
strips are perforated by numerous small holes all over the surface, except at the
two edges of the bandage, which are by preference left unperforated.
These perforations are made by punches or (by preference) by pointed instru-
ments making punctures while the bandage is in a state of non extension, so that
the punctures will become holes or "pores" when the bandage is stretched, and
thus the bandage forms as it were an elastic artificial skin.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Chandler at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th November 1878.
SAMUEL CHANDLER, of 104, Newington Causeway, in the County of Surrey, Gas
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS USED IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF GAS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of apparatus
used in the manufacture of gas.
The present Invention has special reference to the method of construction of
apparatus mentioned in Letters Patent No. 4928, December 29th, 1877, in which I
am interested.
Since the granting of the Letters Patent referred to a much better mode of con-
struction has been devised whereby the manufacture is made much simpler and the
apparatus more easy of access, which is a very important matter in case of
requirement.
“Annular plates" it is proposed in the Letters Patent above named should be
connected together, leaving spaces between for the gas to pass through, and the
objection to this is the inconvenience of having to remove a very considerable
portion of the machinery to get at even one set of annular plates besides irregularity
in the spaces.
I have in consequence devised a plan of forming the spaces mentioned in the
above Patent by means of segments of material being bolted together in blocks,
leaving narrow spaces for the gas, and which are made taper, the which slide into
a frame and are secured to a cross bar at the lower part and bolted to either side of
the frame at its upper part. Thus when the whole of the segments are placed in
the frame annular plates would be formed although not connected together as
described in Letters Patent No. 4928, but equally efficacious for the purification of
the gas, much less costly, more easy of access, and the spaces made more regular.
A NEW AND IMPROVED WATER HEATER FOR " BATHS AND OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Siddaway and Thomas William
Siddaway at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th June
1878.
SAMUEL SIDDAWAY and THOMAS WILLIAM SIDDAWAY, of West Bromwich, in the
County of Stafford, Ironfounders. A NEW AND IMPROVED WATER HEATER FOR
"
BATHS AND OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to a novel mode of heating water quickly and economically
by means of gas or other heat-producing agents. For this purpose we use a
cylindrical vessel, such in outline as a pillar gas stove. Near its mouth or top end
a plate of similar outline to the case is fixed air and water tight around the surface
of the interior of the case. Between the plate and the edge of the mouth ample
space is provided to form a reservoir for water. The plate is perforated according
to any desired shape or diameter to receive a number of tubes, whose ends are
flush with the face of the plate. The said tubes are soldered or otherwise con-
nected with the plate. Near the base of the vessel is another plate to form a
lower reservoir fitted like the upper one, but plain, and having one outlet only.
As the cold water or other fluid enters the upper end of the vessel it covers the
plate, and passes through the small tubes, which may be upright, horizontal, or
otherwise in position in the direction of the lower reservoir. When gas is introduced
at or near the base of the vessel, and the heat generated is communicated to cach
and every of the tube's surface entirely, the heated water is released in the usual
way. According to this plan water and other fluids can be heated with facility
and economy.
A NEW OR IMPROVED INVALIDS' BEDSTEAD
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mark Stubley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th September 1878.
MARK STUBLEY, of Carlinghow, Batley, in the County of York. "A NEW OR
IMPROVED INVALIDS' BEDSTEAD."
The object of this Invention is to construct bedstead so that infirm or sick
persons can be easily got in and out.
The improvements consist in placing the feet or legs of the bed a suitable distance
off the end, say twenty-four inches from the footboard or bottom end, and not as
at present, one leg at each corner of the bedstead. By placing the legs in this
position the bedstead can be easily up-ended or put on end, so that the person
getting in or being put into bed can stand or rest on the footboard until the bed is
lowered into its ordinary position again.
These feet or legs may be fixed to the bedstead, or the bedstead may be hinged
or work on a swivel centre.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING NAILS AND TACKS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Etheridge at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th February 1878.
JOHN ETHERIDGE, Machinist, in the employment of the Crown Nail Company, of
Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
CUTTING NAILS AND TACKS."
This Invention relates to improvements in the feed mechanism of single-heading
machines for cutting nails and tacks.
The turn-over spindle is semi-rotated by means of a belt or equivalent passed
round a barrel fixed thereon, the said belt or equivalent being attached to the barrel
by means of a stud or equivalent, and connected at each end to arms projecting
from a vertical rod. The vertical rod is moved up and down by means of a horizontal
lever vibrated from a crank on the end of a counter-shaft at the back of the
machine. The vertical rod thus works the spindle by a "fiddle-drill" action. A
connecting rod connects the crank with the back end of the lever. The turn-over
spindle rests in a bearing at the front end, and is kept in position towards the nose
end by a bearing on the top, and by a cam fixed to the turn-over spindle, and
moving on a bearing underneath.
The top bearing is carried in a hinged arm which can be lifted up when the turn-
over spindle is to be removed. The top bearing is held on to the turn-over spindle
by means of a spring which is connected to the hinged arm, and also to some fixed
part of the machine. The spring may be disconnected when the hinged arm is to
be raised to allow of the turn-over spindle being removed. The cam is shaped so
as to raise the nose end of the turn-over spindle as it is turned over, the spring
permitting the top bearing to rise. The sides of the cam are shaped flat and
parallel with each other so as to allow the nose end of the turn-over spindle to
lower again, and also to keep it in the proper position at the nose while the tools
are cutting.
A NEW COMBINED RUG, FOOTWARMER, AND Muff
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hartmann at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th November 1878.
WILLIAM HARTMANN, of 18, Billiter Street, in the City of London, Merchant.
"A NEW COMBINED RUG, FOOTWARMER, AND Muff."
This Invention consists of a new combined rug and footwarmer and muff, and
has for its object the manufacture of a travelling rug, wrapper, or apron in such a
manner as to admit of one portion thereof being used as a rug or wrapper, another
portion thereof as a foot warmer, and another portion thereof as a muff, and when
not in use the same being extremely portable, is simply rolled up, and carried by
means of a strap or any other convenient manner.
The rug or wrapper is made of cloth, wool, astrachan, or any other suitable
material, and may be lined with fur or otherwise, as fancy may dictate, and is in
shape somewhat like an apron, the sides widening in the centre or not as may be
found most convenient.
The portion forming the foot warmer is at the bottom, being a piece of the fabric
either turned up and sewn at the sides, or it may be a piece placed on the bottom,
and sewn like a bag, so that in travelling the traveller places the rug in front of
him, placing his feet in the bag portion and tucking the apron portion around him
so as to envelope the legs, and still further to increase the comfort and warmth of
the traveller, at a convenient position on the rug an arrangement for a muff for the
hands is made, and can be stuffed with any suitable material for giving warmth.
It is obvious that this Invention can be made of any cut or shape, the essential
feature of the Invention being the combination in one of a wrapper, footwarmer,
and muff.
A COMBINED BUFFER AND COUPLING FOR RAILWAY PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Friedrich Hermann Felix Engel at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th March 1878. A com-
inunication from Julius Kuntze and Heinrich Pollack, of Hamburg, Germany.
FRIEDRICH HERMANN FELIX ENGEL, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, in the
City of Hamburg, Germany. "A COMBINED BUFFER AND COUPLING FOR RAILWAY
PURPOSES." (A communication from Julius Kuntze and Heinrich Pollack, of
Hamburg, Germany.)
This Invention relates to an improved combined buffer and coupling for railway
purposes. The buffer acts at same time as a safety buffer against breakage, and the
coupling allows of disengaging and engaging from the side of the vehicle without
the necessity of a person entering between the ends of the corresponding vehicles.
The front part of the draw hook is made of inclined shape, and a rod passes freely
through a boring of this hook. This rod is prolonged to one side of the vehicle,
and at its end furnished with a lever fastened to it. The rod may also have a pro-
longation in opposite direction as far as the corresponding buffer allows, and this
end may also be furnished with a lever.
To prevent that part of the rod extending to the side of the vehicle to interfere
with the buffer rod, this buffer is constructed in the following manner :-Instead of
one buffer rod I use two, one placed apart and ahead of the other, and leaving a
free space of about 6 inches between each other. The two rods are at their outer
ends connected by an oval buffer plate of the same breadth as the diameter of the
common round buffers, but of greater dimension in height. The two buffer rods
are placed within a bracket having two borings; this construction allows of having
a long open slit in the buffer bracket between the buffer rods for the rod to pass
through, and the latter can be moved there and back in case of engaging or dis-
engaging the coupling in curves or in other cases where a side motion must be given
to the coupling.
The coupling consists of two levers fastened to the rod, one on each side of the
draw hook; the other ends of these levers are forked, and by means of bolts are in
connection with a coupling loop. By turning the rod from side of the vehicle, by

page_text: means of the handle, the loop can be lifted or lowered, and the coupling be engaged
or disengaged as required.
The long slit in the buffer bracket allows of giving sufficient side motion to the
coupling for engaging or disengaging in curves and other cases.
The double rod buffer acts at same time as a safety buffer against breakage of the 5
buffer plates.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF DYE STUFFS FROM TRICHLORIDE OF BENZOLE
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eduard Tust at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th May 1878.
EDUARD TUST, of the Firm of Friedrich Bayer & Co., of Barmen, Germany.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF DYE STUFFS FROM TRICHLORIDE OF
BENZOLE."
This Invention relates to the preparation of dye stuffs or colours from chloride of
benzole C, H, CHU,, and consists in treating the said benzole with aromatical
primary, secondary, and tertiary amines or phenyles, admitting an oxydating
medium, or with aromatical amines or phonyles, and the produce with a mild oxyda-
ting medium.
A particularly good oxydating medium is protochloride of copper.
C6 H5
A green colour is obtained from chloride of benzole with dimethylaniline, and
the same colour from chloride of benzole and methylphenyleaniline C, H‚N < C° H³°
Yellow colours are obtained from chloride of benzole and phenyle or naphtyle, and
colours adequate to fluorescine from chloride of benzole and resorcine or its
isomers.
These colours are the same as the colours extracted from trichloride of benzole
C, H, CU, on aromatical phenyles or amines, but the employment of chloride of
benzole is more advantageous than of trichloride of benzole, because the first body
is more easily reduced than the latter. The fabrication is effected by taking two
parts of chloride of benzole and three parts of dimethylaniline mixed with one part
of protochloride of copper in an enameled vessel. The re-action set up is finally
stopped by heating it from 3 to 4 hours to a temperature of 100°; or there may be
mixed two parts of chloride of benzole and three parts of dimethylaniline, heated
finally to 100°

page_text: Afterwards the raw materials, chloride of benzole and diamethylaniline, which
do not come into re-action, are driven away, the residuum being heated to 120°, is
for some hours exposed to the atmosphere; the product is then solved in water,
filtered, and the prepared colours precipitated by the filter salting out.
The fabrication of the several colours takes place in the same manner.
These colours dye directly silk and wool.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Jones at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th October 1878.
JOHN JONES, of Middlesborough, in the County of York. "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON."
My Invention relates to an improvement in the refining of pig iron, whereby
I am enabled to produce a malleable iron of good quality from Cleveland or other
inferior ore.
According to my Invention the pig iron is taken direct from the banks or pig
beds of the blast furnace, and placed in a converter or other suitable apparatus
together with a quantity of common salt, and subjected to an intense heat for six
days. I find that 10 lbs. of salt to each ton of metal will give good results. The
gas stoves at present used for heating the blast of the blast furnaces may bé
employed for heating the converter, but at rolling mills and forges a special stove
would have to be erected for the purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS REGULATORS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Richards at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th July 1878.
WILLIAM RICHARDS, of St. Michael's Road, Stockwell, in the County of Surrey,
Civil Engineer. IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS REGULATORS."
"
My improvements refer, firstly, to that kind of gas regulator in which a bell and
fluid are employed, and consist in constructing regulators in such a manner that
the fluid necessary for their operation will not escape during transport, consequently
the mercury, glycerine, or other fluid can be supplied to the instruments before
being delivered to the purchaser.
To attain this object the cover of the regulator is hermetically secured to the
body, and to the cover is attached a pipe, or its equivalent, which protrudes some
distance into the instrument, and serves as the outlet for the gas, as well as to
prevent the mercury, glycerine, or other fluid employed from escaping. By this
arrangement and the general construction in whatever position the regulator may
be placed the fluid will not issue therefrom.
Another part of my Invention refers to that class of regulator in which a flexible
diaphragm and valve are employed. In this I propose to make an orifice by pre-
ference in the plate, which is attached to and forms a part of the flexible diaphragm,
and this diaphragm being weighted to give a certain pressure the orifice in the
plate is made of the required dimensions to deliver any given quantity of gas per
hour.
The orifice may be in any other part of the instrument where the pressure of the
gas is regulated.
Another form of regulator is constructed by means of a disc working on a hinge,
or with flexible material, and a fixed plate with an orifice in its centre, both of
which are placed within the case of the instrument. Attached to the disc is a plug
corresponding with the orifice in the fixed plate, the two forming a valve, which is
closed or opened by the action of the gas on the disc, and thus the pressure of the
gas is regulated.

page_text: Lastly, my improvements consist in the formation of a chamber, which may be
combined with any class of street lamp regulator, and in this chamber is fixed one
or more diaphragm of wire gauze, perforated metal, or other porous or fibrous
materials, by which any particles of naphthaline or other solid matter that might
collect in the valve and impede the passage of the gas are retained in the chamber, 5
and thus the obstructions often experienced in regulators are avoided.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UNDERCLOTHING, AND IN THE METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR BUTTONING OR SECURING THE SAME
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Habib John Gazale at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th March 1878.
HABIB JOHN GAZALE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Commission
Merchant. "IMPROVEMENTS IN UNDERCLOTHING, AND IN THE METHOD OF AND
MEANS FOR BUTTONING OR SECURING THE SAME."
My Invention relates to the articles of wearing apparel known under the
designation of underclothing, such, for example, as under-vests and drawers, and
has for its object to dispense with the ordinary buttons which are sewn upon the
articles and are liable to become detached, and thereby to cause great inconvenience
to the wearer.
At the points of attachment in places where the buttons would be sewn on the
articles I form button-holes, and behind these button-holes is secured an additional
thickness of material, or two or more folds of material, that is to say, the part to
which the ordinary buttons would be attached, is made two or more folds or plies
in thickness, and the button-holes are formed only in the outer ply, or in outer
plies, and do not extend through to the inside of the garment.
When the garment is to be worn studs are inserted in the said button-holes, and
the garment is buttoned as is usual, the inside ply or plies of material preventing
the contact of the stud with the skin of the wearer.
Ordinary studs may be used, but I prefer to employ studs formed with a front
and back disc of about equal diameter, and separated a distance suitable to the
thickness of the material.
Such studs may be reversible, so that either of the faces may be to the outside,
both faces being alike.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMBING WOOL AND OTHER FIBRES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Midgley, Francis Bowes,
James Firth, and John Pickles at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents
on the 13th November 1878.
JOSEPH MIDGLEY, FRANCIS BOWES, and JAMES FIRTH, of Bradford, in the
County of York, Machine Makers, and JOHN PICKLES, of the same Place, Combing
Manager. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMBING WOOL AND OTHER
FIBRES."
This Invention relates to machinery for combing wool and other fibrous
substances known as Holden's or the " square motion" machine, and our improve-
ments have reference,-
Firstly. To the apparatus for heating the large circular comb which consists of a
steam feed pipe passing through a stuffing box fixed in the bottom of centre pillar,
up inside the pillar to a revolving bracket or tube having an inlet and outlet, which
tube works in another stuffing box fixed to the top of centre pillar. The steam
passes through the outlet and around the circle through a pipe placed in a groove
sunk into the iron circle and covered by brass circle or comb, and back to inlet,
passing down the centre pillar outside the feed pipe, escaping by an outlet in the
stuffing box at the bottom of the pillar.
Secondly. Our improvements refer to the travelling apron or belt which supports
the material between the drawing-off rollers and the delivery tube. Instead of
placing this belt horizontally as heretofore we fix it in an inclined position, the end
nearest the delivery tube being highest, and this facilitates the concentration of the
fibres into a sliver by diminishing the tendency of the outer fibres to become loose
and separated from the main body. Instead of passing the endless belt around the
lower drawing-off roller we employ a plain roller fixed as close thereto as convenient,
and the leather or belt of the drawing-off roller passes around a guide roller placed
almost vertically underneath it so that the two belts are at about right angles to
each other. By this arrangement we can run the carrying belt faster than the
drawing rollers so as to draw the wool or other material.

page_text: Thirdly. Our Invention relates to the method of driving the rack circle, which we
effect by means of a rack or worm wheel of large diameter fixed to the underside
of the arms of the circle, and gearing with this wheel is a worm driven by means
of intermediates from the main driving shaft.
By this arrangement the motion of the circle is more regular, as there is no
possibility of any "play" or backlash" in the driving parts, which always happens
when the motion is communicated direct by rack and pinion.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR STEERING STEAM AND OTHER TRAMWAY CARS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Manfield Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th May 1878.
WILLIAM MANFIELD NEWTON, of 66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Mechanical Engineer. "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR STEERING STEAM AND
OTHER TRAMWAY CARS."
The object of this Invention is to enable the attendant in charge of a steam or
other tramway car to steer it over dumb points in a safe and certain manner with-
out it being necessary to employ moveable switches or any other apparatus than
that attached to the car and under the control of the attendant.
In adapting my Invention to ordinary tramway cars this object is attained by
attaching the axle boxos of the car to flat plates, which are pivotted underneath
the body of the car.
The axle boxes are of the ordinary construction, and are so arranged as to allow
the springs to play freely, and at the same time to admit of the plates that are
pivotted underneath the body of the car, turning freely within a limited area. The two
sides of the plates which are nearest to each other are connected by connecting rods
to a central shaft, which may either be made (by any suitable mechanical appliance)
to slide horizontally or to rock on its centro.
The motion is communicated to the transverse sliding shaft for the purpose of
causing the wheels (on one side or the other) to diverge or converge according as it
The motion is trans-
is desired to cause the car to turn to the right or the left.
mitted from transverse sliding shaft through the connecting rods to the pivotted
axle plates. The sliding or rocking motion may be communicated to the central
shaft by means of rods, chains, bevil gearing, or any other appropriate contrivance,
which must be under the control of the attendant.
In steam tramway cars a central wheel may be introduced on each side to act
as driving wheels, or one pair only of the wheels may be caused to turn for the
purpose of guiding the car, the other pair being employed as driving wheels.
MAKING SIGNALS BY A SELF-ACTING APPARATUS FOR INDICATING TIE TOO RAPID SPEED OF TRAINS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th June 1878. A communication
from abroad by Paul Emile Le Boulengé, of Liege, in the Kingdom of
Belgium.
HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices, 18, Ruo
de la Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, France, and 6, Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent.
"MAKING SIGNALS BY A SELF-ACTING APPARATUS FOR INDICATING
TIE TOO RAPID SPEED OF TRAINS." A communication from Paul Emile Le
Boulengé, of Liege, in the Kingdom of Belgium.
This Invention relates to a self-acting apparatus by which the controlling of the
speed of trains is secured in the working of railways by the use of a petard, the
crushing of which is produced by the engine when the latter is going too fast over
the point in the way on which the said petard is placed.
The Invention consists of a heavy iron pendulum suspended to a flexible steel
blade, and which is regulated to beat the seconds and set up on the side of the way,
its plane of oscillation being perpendicular thereto. Within the said plane of
Oscillation, and on a level with the rails, is a horizontal lever with two arms of
equal length, one of the ends of which, cut in the shape of a hook, engages with a
piece fixed to the lower end of the pendulum and keeps the latter out of a vertical
position, whilst the other end comes out near the rail, being a little above the latter
in height. At a certain distance from the said .lever, and above the rail, is placed
a petard, moveable in a horizontal plane round an axis, and which is solicited by a
spring to revolve and take up a position outside the rail, but held in position above
the rail by the traction of an iron wire, terminating in a slide hooked to a stationary
picce by means of a cog.
The wheel of the engine on coming in contact with the lever disengages the
pendulum, which thereupon begins to oscillate, and when it gets to the end of its stroke
the end of the pendulum rod strikes the slide and unbooks it; at the same time the
petard is sharply thrown back from the rail, being actuated by the spring. One

page_text: second then passes between the moment when the lever is touched by the wheel of
the engine and that at which the petard is thrown back. If therefore the engine
crosses the distance between the lever and the petard in less than one second it
will crush the latter and cause it to explode.
The said distance is regulated by the limit of speed which it is desired to allow 5
to the engine; for a rate of about 20 miles an hour, for instance, the petard will be
placed at a distance of about 8 yards and 1 inch from the lever, for such is the
distance traversed in one second by a train travelling at about 20 miles an hour.
To replace the apparatus in its first position the pendulum and the slide are
hooked on again.
1