IMPROVE- MENTS IN LAMPS FOR BURNING PETROLEUM OIL AND OTHER VOLATILE LIQUID
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Hinks and Joseph Hinks, of Birmingham, in
the County of Warwick, Manufacturers, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LAMPS FOR BURNING PETROLEUM OIL AND OTHER VOLATILE LIQUID
Sealed the 18th January 1867, and dated the 25th July 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Hinks and Joseph
Hinks at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 25th July 1866.
We, JAMES HINKS and JOSEPH HINKS, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR BURNING PETROLEUM OIL AND OTHER VOLATILE
LIQUID HYDROCARBONS," to be as follows:-
1
Our Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in lamps
for burning petroleum oil and other volatile liquid bydrocarbons, whereby the
flickering or unsteadiness of the flames produced by currents of air is pre-
vented and perfect combustion of the said flames at the same time obtained.
Our improvements are specially applicable to lamps used in India, or where
punkabs are used.
Our Invention consists, firstly, in constructing and arranging the holders or
galleries by which the shades of the said lamps are supported in the following.
manner: We take an ordinary flat wick burner and place the shade
holder or gallery at the bottom or at the mount of the said burner
-

page_text: instead of placing the said shade holder immediately below the cone or
deflector of the burner. We make the said shade holder of perforated
metal or wire gauze, and of a diameter double that of the ordinary holder,
the said holder being provided with a rim. The lamp is supported in
the middle of the shade holder, so that when the said shade holder is
lifted from the stand herein-after described the lamp and shade are carried
with it. The stand on which the lamp is supported consists of a hollow
pillar, on the summit of which is an ornamental vase or cup, the open
mouth of which is of the same diameter as the shade holder. The foot of
the pillar or the pillar itself is perforated with ornamental perforations. Air
for the support of combustion enters at the perforations in the pillar or foot
of the pillar, and rising up through the vase passes through the perforations
or wire gauze of the shade holder to the flame. In lamps having no pillar
and foot we make the perforations through which air passes to the flame in the
vase itself; or instead of the perforated hollow pillar and foot an unperforated
pillar and foot may be employed. In this case the reservoir of the lamp fits
in a vase on the top of the pillar, the said vase having a shouller, on which
an additional shade open at top fits. The air descents between this
additional shade and the ordinary shade, and passes through the perforated
shade holder to the flame. The lamp is thus protected from the currents of
air produced by the punkahs, while still permitting of a free and large ingress
of cold air to the inside of the shade.
Our Invention consists, secondly, of the following improvements in con-
structing the caps or covers by which the tops of the shades of the said lamps
are surmounted, which caps or covers are commonly called punkah protectors.
The said punkah protectors are ordinarily made of wire gauze or perforated
metal of various heights having a plain rim of metal, or a metal crinkle at
the top, the said protectors being made in every case the same size at bottom
as the top of the shade, so as to fit or embrace the top of the shade. In
constructing the said protectors according to our Invention we make them
larger at bottom than the top of the shade in the following manner:We
"take a disc of perforated metal, or wire gauze of a diameter somewhat greater
than the diameter of the top of the shade, and fasten to the edge thereof a
perforated rim. A holder is thus made somewhat similar to that attached to
the burner, herein-before described, the middle of the holder having a hole in
it through which the chimney of the lamp may pass. In this holder we place
a glass or metal conical tube, the said tube being of the same size at bottom
as the said holder, so as to fit tightly against the rim of the said holder. The
upper or narrow end of the tube is covered by a metal crinkle of the ordinary

page_text: kind, or by a disc of metal, the said upper end of the tube being provided
with a flange, which serves to secure the said crinkle or disc to the tube.
When a punkah protector of the construction described is in its place on the
top of the shade the edge of the perforated holder is situated beyond the edge
of the shade, so that cold air may freely enter at the perforations near the
edge of the holder into the tube carried by the said holder, and pass by the
perforations within the tube to the body of the shade, while hot air may
readily pass from the lamp by the apertures in the crinkle or metal disc
surmounting the protector. By applying a protector of this kind in com-
bination with a shade holder of the kind herein-before described the lamp is
protected both ways from the currents of air produced by the punkahs.
For cheap lamps the punkah protectors may be made in the following"
way:-We make the bottom and sides of perforated metal or wire gauze, the
diameter of the protector being somewhat less than that of the top of the
shade. To the edge of the bottom of the protector we fix a rim or strip of
metal, so as to increase its size to that of the top of the shade with which it
is to be used. We leave the metal crinkle large enough to allow of the
fixing of a strip of metal or cylinder of glass under its edge of the depth, or
nearly of the depth, of the perforated sides of the protector. In using a
protector of this kind the cold air enters the perforated sides and passes by
the perforated bottom to the inside of the shade, while the hot air escapes
by the apertures in the crinkle at the top of the protector.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Hinks and Joseph Hinks in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 24th January 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
HINKS and JOSEPH HINKS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturers, send greeting.
r
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the thirtieth year of Her reign,.
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,. the
said James Hinks and Joseph Hinks, Her special licence that we, the said
James Hinks and Joseph Hinks, our executors, administrators, and. assigns,
or such others as we, the said James Hinks and Joseph Hinks, our executors,.
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no. others,

page_text: from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR BURNING
PETROLEUM OIL AND OTHER VOLATILE LIQUID HYDROCARBONS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said James Hinks and Joseph Hinks, our
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their
bands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us or them, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same. to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Hinks and Joseph Hinks, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
Our Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in lamps
for burning petroleum oil and other volatile liquid hydrocarbons, whereby the
flickering or unsteadiness of the flames produced by currents of air is prevented
and perfect combustion of the said flames at the same time obtained.
Our improvements are specially applicable to lamps used.in India, or where
punkahs are used.
Our Invention consists, firstly, in constructing and arranging the holders or
galleries by which the shades of the said lamps are supported in the following
manner: We take an ordinary flat wick burner and place the shade holder
or gallery at the bottom or at the mount of the said burner instead of placing
the said shade holder immediately below the cone or deflector of the burner.
We make the said shade holder of perforated metal or wire gauze, and of a
diameter double that of the ordinary holder, the said holder being provided
with a rim. The lamp is supported in the middle of the shade holder, so that
when the said shade holder is lifted from the stand herein-after described the
lamp and shade are carried with it.. The stand on which the lamp is sup-
ported consists of a hollow pillar, on the summit of which is an ornamental
vase or cup, the open mouth of which is of the same diameter as the shade
holder. The foot of the pillar or the pillar itself is perforated with ornamental
perforations. Air for the support of combustion enters at the perforations in
the pillar or foot of the pillar, and rising up through the vase passes through
the perforations or wire gauze of the shade holder to the flame.
In lamps
having no pillar and foot we make the perforations through which air passes

page_text: to the flame in the vase itself; or instead of the perforated hollow pillar and
foot an unperforated pillar and foot may be employed. In this case the
reservoir of the lamp fits in a vase on the top of the pillar, the said vase having
a shoulder on which an additional shade open at top fits. The air descends
between this additional shade and the ordinary shade, and passes through the
perforated shade holder to the flame. The lamp is thus protected from the
currents of air produced by the punkahs, while still permitting of a free and
large ingress of cold air to the inside of the shade.
Our Invention consists, secondly, of the following improvements in con-
structing the caps or covers by which the tops of the shades of the said lamps
are surmounted, which caps or covers are commonly called punkah protectors.
The said punkah protectors are ordinarily made of wire gauze or perforated
metal of various heights having a plain rim of metal or a metal crinkle at top,
the said protectors being made in every case the same size at bottom as the
top of the shade so as to fit or embrace the top of the shade.
In constructing the said protectors according to our Invention we make
them larger at bottom than the top of the shade in the following manner :-
We take a disc of perforated metal, or wire gauze of a diameter somewhat
greater than the diameter of the top of the shade, and fasten to the edge
thereof a perforated rim. A holder is thus made somewhat similar to that
attached to the burner herein-before described, the middle of the holder having
a hole in it through which the chimney of the lamp may pass. In this holder
we place a glass or metal conical tube, the said tube being of the same size
at bottom as the said holder, so as to fit tightly against the rim of the said
holder. The upper or narrow end of the tube is covered by a metal crinkle
of the ordinary kind, or by a disc of metal, the said upper end of the tube
being provided with a flange which serves to secure the said crinkle or disc,
to the tube. Instead of being made of a conical figure the protector may have
a dome or other shape. When a punkah protector of the construction des-
cribed is in its place on the top of the shade the edge of the perforated holder.
is situated beyond the edge of the shade, so that cold air may freely enter at the
perforations near the edge of the holder into the tube carried by the said
holder and pass by the. perforations within the tube to the body of the shade,
while hot air may readily pass from the lamp by the apertures in the crinkle
or metal disc surmounting the protector. By applying a protector of this kind
in combination with a shade holder of the kind herein-before described the
lamp is protected both ways from the currents of air produced by the punkahs.
For cheap lamps the punkah protectors may be made in the following way :-
We make the bottom and sides of the protector of perforated metal or wire

page_text: gauze, the diameter of the protector being somewhat less than that of the top
of the shade. To the edge of the bottom of the protector we fix a rim or
strip of metal, so as to increase its size to that of the top of the shade with
which it is to be used. We leave the metal crinkle large enough to allow of
the fixing of a strip of metal or cylinder of glass under its edge of the depth
or nearly of the depth of the perforated sides of the protector. In using a
protector of this kind the cold air enters the perforated sides and passes by
the perforated bottom to the inside of the shade, while the hot air escapes by
the apertures in the crinkle at the top of the protector.
:
Having explained the nature of our Invention we will proceed to describe
with reference to the accompanying Drawing the manner in which the same
is to be performed.
.
Figure 1 represents in vertical section a complete lamp and punkah pro-
tector for burning petroleum oil and other volatile liquid hydrocarbons
constructed according to our Invention.
a is the holder or gallery supporting the shade b, the said shade holder or
gallery being situated at the bottom of the burner or mount of the burner c.
The shade holder is carried by the rim as, the shade holder a is made of
perforated metal or wire gauze, and is by preference of a diameter double that
of the ordinary holder; it may, however, be made larger or smaller as may
be desired. The lamp c consists of a double flat wick burner having an
ordinary chimney d. is the reservoir screwed to the bottom of the lamp or
burner c; the said lamp or burner c is supported in the middle of the shade
holder a in the manner represented in the Drawing, so that when the said
shade holder is lifted by its rim a² from the stand the said lamp c, reservoir e,
and shade bare carried with it. The stand on which the lamp is supported
consists of a hollow pillar f, on the summit of which is an ornamental vase or
cup g, the open mouth of which is of the same diameter as the inner flange of
the rim a² of the shade holder a. The manner in which the rim of the shade
holder rests in the vase g, and the position of the reservoir e of the lamp in
the said vase, will be readily understood by an examination of the Drawing.
Air for the support of combustion enters by perforations he in the foot h of the
pillar f, and rising up the pillar and between the vase g and reservoir e passes
through the perforations or wire gauze of the shade holder a to the perforations
in the lamp or burner c, and from thence to the flame. In place of or in
addition to perforations in the foot of the stand for supplying air for combustion
perforations may be made in the pillar f or in the vase g. In lamps having
no pillars we make the perforations in the vase itself. By the construction
described the lamp is protected from the currents of air produced by the

page_text: punkabs or otherwise produced while still permitting of a free and large ingress
of cold air to the inside of the shade to be supplied to the burner. The
punkah or wind protector i at the top of the shade 6 consists of a dome or cap
having a perforated rim t, the said perforated rim being of a diameter some-
what greater than the diameter of the top of the shade b. The horizontal
part of the rim of the protector i rests upon the top of the shade, as repre-
sented. The summit of the dome is perforated at k, and in the axis of the
dome a disc of metal is supported. When the dome or protector is placed
on the top of the shade its perforated edge is situated beyond the edge of
the said shade, so that cold air may freely enter at the perforated edge into the
interior of the protector i, and in combination with the hot air from the lamp
escape by the perforations at the summit of the protector, as indicated by the
arrows. By the use of this protector or dome, in combination with the shade
holder represented, the lamp is protected both ways from the currents of air
produced by the punkah or otherwise produced. Instead of a perforated
hollow pillar and foot or vase an unperforated pillar foot and vase may be
employed. In this case we arrange the shade holder or gallery, and parts
immediately connected with it, in the manner represented, partly in elevation
and partly in section in Figure 2 of the Drawing, where m is the shade holder
supporting the ordinary shade n, and p is an additional shade open at top
carried by the holder q, the said holder q being unperforated; this holder q
fits in the vase g (Figure 1), the said vase having a shoulder on which the
holder q rests. The air descends between the additional shade P and the
ordinary shade n, and passes by perforations in the burner r to the flame, as
indicated by the arrows. The protector s in this arrangement is. provided
with a disc t of perforated metal or wire gauze in its interior, through which
air passes to the perforations u in the summit of the protector; in all other
respects it is the same as that last described. An elevation of this protector
is represented in Figure 3, and a plan of the same in Figure 4.
Figure 5 represents in section, Figure 6 in elevation, and Figure 7 in plan,
another protector constructed according to our Invention which may be used
with the lamps represented in Figures 1 and 2 in place of those shown in
connection with the said lamps, or be used with lamps of other construction.
In constructing this protector we take a disc of perforated metal or wire
gauze
a of a diameter somewhat greater than the diameter of the top of the shade,
and we fasten to the edge of the disc an ornamental rim b. A holder a, b, is
thus made, the middle of which has a hole c in it, through which the chimney
d of the lamp (indicated in dotted lines) passes. The top of the shade e
(indicated in dotted lines) fits against the shoulder a³ of the holder. In the

page_text: holder a, b, a glass or metal conical tube f is supported, the bottom of the tube
fitting tightly against the rim 6 of the holder as seen in Figure 5. The upper
or narrow end of the tube f. is connected by a metal crinkle g of the ordinary
kind, or by a disc of metal; the narrow end of the tube is provided with a
flange which serves to secure the said crinkle g or disc of metal to the tube.
When this protector is in use the cold air passes by the perforations at the
edge of the holder a, b, into the tube f and passes by the perforations in the
bottom a of the holder to the interior of the shade e, while hot air may readily
escape by the apertures in the crinkle g or metal disc surmounting the
protector.
Figure 8 represents in section a cheap protector for hydrocarbon lamps
constructed according to our Invention. We make the bottom hand sides i
of the protector of perforated metal or wire gauze. To the edge of the
bottom of the protector an ornamental rim'or strip of metal k is fixed, the said
rim or strip overhanging the top of the shade when the protector is placed
upon the said shade. The top of the protector has a metal crinkle l, under
the edge of which crinkle is fixed a cylindrical metal or glass tube m nearly
of the depth of the perforated sides of the protector. The cold air enters the
perforated sides of the protector and passes by the perforated bottom to the
inside of the shade, while the hot air escapes by the apertures in the crinkle l
at the top of the protector.
Having now described the nature of our Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, we wish it to be understood that we do not limit
ourselves to the precise details herein described and illustrated, as the same
may be varied without departing from the nature of our Invention; but we
claim as our Invention of improvements in lamps for burning petroleum oil
and other volatile liquid hydrocarbons,-
Firstly, constructing and arranging the shade holders or galleries of the said
lamps and parts connected with the said holders or galleries substantially in
the manner herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 of the
accompanying Drawing.
Secondly, supporting the said shade holders or galleries and parts imme-
diately connected with the same in a vase or cup on the top of the pillar of the
lamp, and supplying air to the lamp through the said pillar or vase, or
supporting them in a cup or vase without a pillar, the air in this case being
supplied through the vase, substantially in the manner herein-before described
and illustrated in Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawing.
Thirdly, the construction and arrangement or combination of the parts of
punkah protectors or wind protectors for lamps burning volatile liquid hydro-

page_text: carbons, substantially in the manner herein-before described and illustrated in
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 of the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, we, the said James Hinks and Joseph Hinks, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-first day of January, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
Witness,
GEORGE SHAW.
JAMES HINKS.
(L.B.)
JOSEPH HINKS. (L.B.)