CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR FINISHING VELVETS AND OTHER PILED GOOD3 OR FABRICS
Year: 1846

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
RENSHAW, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanic, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twenty-second day of June, in the tenth year of Her reign, and
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-six, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Joseph
Renshaw, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I,
the said Joseph Renshaw, my executors, admininistrators, and assigns, and
such others as I, the said Joseph Renshaw, my executors, administrators, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully,
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England and Wales and the
Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR FINISHING VELVETS AND OTHER PILED GOOD3
OR FABRICS;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I,
the said Joseph Renshaw, shall cause a particular description of the nature
of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited
Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will
more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Joseph Renshaw, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,

page_text: and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly described
and ascertained in and by the Drawings hereto annexed, and the following
explanation thereof (that is to say) :-
These Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for Finishing Velvets and
other Piled Goods or Fabrics, are applicable to finishing all kinds of piled or
napped fabrics requiring a lustro or gloss upon the surface (but more parti-
cularly to velvets manufactured from cotton), and consist chiefly in a certain
novel arrangement of mechanism designed to perform the several operations of
waxing, "pegging," brushing, and "bossing." in one machine, in a much more
even, perfect, and expeditious manner than the usual process of finishing by
hand.
And in order more clearly to explain the nature of my Invention, and the
manner of carrying the same into practical effect, I have attached to these
Presents a Drawing representing my improved arrangement of machinery,
drawn to a scale of about one inch and a half to the foot, and having figures
and letters of reference marked thereon, corresponding with those in the follow-
ing description thereof:-
Figure 1 is a plan view of the machine, as seen from above; Figure 2 is an
end view, Figure 3 is a side elevation, and Figure 4 is a longitudinal section
of the same. A, A, is the main framework of the machine; B, B, the main
driving shaft; and C. C, the driving pullies. I) is a roller, upon which the
velvet or other piled fabric to be finished is lapped; and E is a brush for
cleaning any loose threads or other matter from the back of the cloth. Fis
an adjusting roller to distend the cloth, and prevent it from "dragging"
during the operation of finishing. G is the waxing slab; H, the waxing frame;
and I, I, are the two waxing rollers. The "pegging" slab is shewn at J, J,
and the "pegging bar at K. L is a rotary brush for laying the pile evenly
in a longitudinal direction, and M is the " bossing" apparatus, composed of a
flexible band provided with ribs of wood, having a surface of emery or other
suitable material, and passing transversely over the cloth. N is a measuring
cylinder for ascertaining the amount of work performed. O is a roller, covered
with wire cards, which draws the cloth through the machine; and P is a
weighted roller for giving an additional lustre to the surface of the cloth. Q
is a "whisk" for brushing any flue or dust from the surface of the fabric, and
R is the roller upon which tho cloth is wound after the finishing operation is
complete.
The operation of the machine is as follows:-Rotary motion being given to
the driving shaft B, will be communicated by means of the strap a to the
shaft b, and by gearing c, c, to the roller O, which is covered with wire cards

page_text: for the purpose of taking hold of the back of the fabric and drawing it'
through the machine whilst the operation of finishing is being performed.
The cloth thus proceeding through the machine passes from the roller D over
the tension rails d, d, to the brush E, which clears the back of the fabric
from any loose threads or dust. The cloth then passes under another tension
rail d to the adjusting roller F, at one end of which is fixed a pulley e; over
which a friction cord or band f, carrying a weight f*, passes. The wire cards
upon the roller F entering the back of the cloth will (by means of the friction
created by the band or cord ) act as a drag upon the cloth, thus distending
it, and preventing it from creasing. The cloth then passes between the waxing
slab G and waxing frame H, which latter has a rubbing motion imparted to it in
the following manner :-The main driving shaft B is provided with a crank g,
which (by means of the forked connecting rod i, i,) imparts a vibrating motion.
to the levers h, h, to which the frame H is connected by the links k, k; thus a
longitudinal motion is given to the waxing frame H, and a transverse motion
is at the same time imparted to the block (which carries the wax; and which
slides loose in the frame H) by means of the cords m, m, being both fixed to
the main framing A of the machine. The cloth then passes the two rollers I, I,
(which are covered with wax.), and thence over the "pegging" slab J..
I would here remark, that, in order to equalize and improve the colour of
the pile, I mix vegetable or mineral colours with the wax, according to the
shade of colour to be finished'; and in some instances brushes may be affixed
to the sides of the waxing frame. As the cloth proceeds over the "pegging"
slab J, motion is imparted to the "pegging" bar K (which carries the peg-n,
made of wood, stone, or other suitable substance) by means of the levers o, o,
attached to the vibrating levers h, h; thus, by the weight and friction of the
แ peg," a lustre or polish is imparted to the pile.
There is a contrivance for raising and lowering the " peg," for the purpose
of preventing the back stroke from being visible, which is best seen in the
sectional view, Figure 4. When it is desired to lift the "
peg" from off the
surface of the cloth, in order to let the wire pass (which connects the two
picces of velvet together), it may be done by moving the handle p, which, by
pushing the lever q in the direction of the arrow, will raise the inclined
frame r upon which the end of the "peg" bar K rest. The cloth, after "
ging," comes under the operation of the rotary brush L, which lays the pile
evenly and longitudinally, whence it passes between the "bossing" strap M
and "bossing" slab S, S; the "bossing" strap M is caused to pass trans-
versely over the cloth by means of the gearing t, t, and is for the purpose
of giving the finishing transverse polish to the velvet, which then pro-
peg-

page_text: ceeds over the measuring cylinder N, upon tho spindle of which is a small
worm u, which moves the worm wheel v one tooth at each revolution of the
cylinder N, which wheel v being graduated, and having a stationary index w,
will shew the length of the cloth or fabric passing through the machine. The
velvet then passes onwards over the roller O, between the rollers P and c, 5
past the "whisk" Q, to the roller R. The whisk Q is caused to revolve by
means of the strap y, and the roller R by the straps.
1, 1, 1, 1, are the tension rollers, in order to keep the velvet or other piled
fabric distended during the progress of finishing.
Having now described the nature and object of my said Improvements in 1
Machinery or Apparatus for Finishing Velvets and other Piled Goods or
Fabrics, I would remark, in conclusion, that I claim as of my Invention tho
particular arrangement or construction of mechanism to be employed for such
purposes as shown in the Drawings, and herein-before described.
And I also claim mixing vegetable or animal color (as the case may be) with
wax employed in the process of finishing velvets and other piled goods or
fabrics.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Renshaw, have hereunto set my