Improvements in Wrenches.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 15th June, 1899-Accepted, 16th Sept., 1899
Improvements in Wrenches.
We, WILLIAM WALLACE MCCHESNEY and JAMES HETHERINGTON MACKINTOSH,
of Asbury Park, in the County of Monmouth and State of New Jersey, United
States of America, Gentlemen, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates generally to wrenches, and more particularly to a com-
bination pipe-wrench, monkey-wrench and cant-hook, the object of the invention
being to provide an exceedingly cheap and simple appliance embodying these
characteristics, and which can be adjusted to accommodate various sizes or dia-
meters of pipes, nuts or locks to be operated upon.
With these objects in view, the invention consists essentially of a rigid jaw
having its teeth arranged upon lines which are not within a common curve or
line, and a movable jaw, the teeth of which are not within a common are, and
the invention consists also in making both the fixed and movable jaws adjustable
with reference to each other, whereby different portions of the teeth may be
brought into co-action upon the object to be operated upon.
The invention consists also in certain details of construction, and novelties of
combination, all of which will be fully described hereinafter and pointed out
in the claims.
In the drawings forming part of this specification:
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a tool constructed in accordance with our
invention.
Fig. 2 is a similar view showing a very slight modification upon Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the toothed portion of the fixed jaw shown in
Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a similar view of the toothed portion of the fixed jaw as shown in
Fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a wrench on which the jaws are not adjustable,
but can be male so when desired, and the movable jaw has its teeth arranged in
a straight line, and the fixed jaw has its teeth arranged in an arc of a circle.
Fig. 6 is a perspective view of a wrench in which the fixed and movable jaws
are adjustable upon each other, the teeth of the movable jaw arranged upon a
single arc, while the teeth of the fixed jaw are arranged upon different arcs of a
circle.
Fig. 7 shows a side elevation of a slightly modified form of wrench, and teeth
arranged on a single straight line or face on movable jaw.
Fig. 8 is a side elevation of a combined cant-hook and nut-wrench constructed
upon the principle of the device shown in Figure 7.
In carrying out our invention, we employ a fixed jaw A, which is formed
integrally with a shank A¹ having an adjustable and telescopic handle A² which
slides thereon and is held in any desired adjustment by means of the set screw A³,
and this feature of construction, that is, the adjustable telescopic extension handle,
is common to all of the various forms shown in the different figures. The teeth
[D071

page_text: of the fixed jaw A are struck upon the arc of a circle from the point a to the
point a¹, and from the point a¹ to the point as the teeth are made upon another
are providing a recess or depression at the point a¹. The movable jaw B is
pivoted to the fixed jaw by means of a thumb screw, the pivotal end of said fixed
jaw being bifurcated as shown. The teeth of this jaw B are arranged upon
different lines, the teeth between the points and 61 being in line, while the
teeth between the points and 2 are in another line, and the teeth between b²
and 63 are in another line, thereby providing depressions at the points.61 and b²,
the purpose of arranging the teeth in this manner being to accommodate different
sizes of pipe, the largest size being accommodated between the depression shown
at a¹ and the depression shown at 61. The movable jaw is adjustable upon the
fixed jaw, said fixed jaw having a series of perforations through which the pivotal
bolt is adapted to pass. In Fig. 2 the fixed jaw A has its teeth arranged upon a
compound curve, the teeth between the points as and as being arranged to provide
a convex surface, while the teeth between the points as and a are arranged to
provide a concave surface, and the movable jaw A¹ has its teeth arranged upon a
series of intersecting arcs, the intersecting points of said arcs being shown at b*,
65 and 66, thereby providing a series of curved toothed recesses adapted to co-act
in conjunction with the teeth of the fixed jaw, and by so arranging the teeth of
the movable and fixed jaws, we are enabled to operate upon a great variety of
different sized articles, and we furthermore provide for additional adjustments by
producing a series of perforations in both the fixed and movable jaws, through
which the pivotal bolt is adapted to pass, thereby rendering the fixed and movable
jaws adjustable upon each other.
In Fig. 6 we have shown a construction of wrench which very closely approxi-
mates that shown in Figure 2, the only difference being that the teeth of the
movable jaw B3 are arranged within a single arc, while the teeth of the fixed
jaw A5 are arranged upon different arcs, which intersect each other somewhat
after the manner as that shown in Figure 3. In this construction of wrench both
the movable and fixed jaws are adjustable upon each other as shown in Figure 2.
In Figure 5 the fixed jaw A is slotted and the movable jaw B is pivoted in
said slot, and the teeth of the movable jaw are arranged in a single straight line,
while the teeth of the fixed jaw are arranged upon a single curved line between
points and a, and upon a straight line between the points a and a10.
In Fig. 7 we have shown the fixed jaw A provided with teeth, and said jaw
also having a curved slot A8, the inner face of said slot being provided with a
series of ratchet teeth A. The movable jaw B5 with teeth formed on a single
straight face is bifurcated and adapted to fit upon the fixed jaw, and is pivotally
connected therewith in the curved slot, and engages one of the ratchet teeth A³,
and by means of this construction, the fixed jaw can be quickly and easily adjusted
to any desired position.
A spring Cis attached to the fixed jaw and bears upon the movable jaw for
the purpose of assisting to hold the pin in engagement with the ratchet teeth in
the slotted groove.
In Figure 8 we have shown our invention applied to a cant-hook, the fixed
jaw A having teeth A", the inner faces of which are made straight, and the
movable hook or jaw B is formed with a single tooth B37, the inner face of which
is adapted to rest parallel with the outer faces of the teeth A", thereby pro-
viding a suitable space to receive the nut, and by this means we make provision
for a combination cant-hook and nut-wrench. The teeth of the fixed jaw are
formed on a single are and in this jaw is also formed a curved slot, having teeth
therein, the same as shown in Figure 7, the jaw is also bifurcated and provided
with a series of perforations in order that it may be adjusted upon the fixed jaw,
thereby providing an additional number of adjustments.
It will thus be seen that we apply the essential features of our invention in a
number of different ways for the purpose of providing a multiplicity of adjust-
ments, and it will also be noted that owing to the extreme simplicity of the

page_text: various parts, and also owing to the exceedingly small number of said parts we
provide one or more tools at a minimum cost, and that owing to the multiplicity
of adjustments, each tool is capable of performing the services of several similar
tools heretofore constructed.
An important feature of this invention and of the several modifications herein
described and shown in the drawing, and which forms an important and essential
part hereof, is the relative direction (not location) of the teeth in the fixed and in
the movable jaws; the points of the teeth in the fixed jaws are directed upwards
while those of the movable jaws are directed inwards or backwards..
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is: -
1. In a device of the kind described, the combination with a fixed jaw, of a
movable jaw pivoted thereon, the teeth of the fixed jaw being arranged upon lines
not having a common center or direction, and the teeth of the movable jaw being
also arranged upon lines not having a common centre or direction, substantially
as shown and described.
2. In a device of the kind described, the combination with a fixed jaw, of a
movable jaw pivoted thereon, the teeth of the fixed jaw being arranged upon
intersecting curved lines, or lines struck from different centres and having their
points directed outwards, and the teeth of the movable jaw being arranged upon
intersecting straight or curved lines and having their points directed inwards or
backwards, substantially as shown and described.
3. In a device of the kind described, the combination with the fixed jaw, of the
movable jaw, pivoted thereon, and the pivotal bolt for connecting the said parts,
said fixed and movable jaws having each a series of perforations to permit adjust-
ment, substantially as shown and described.
4. In a device of the kind described, the combination of the fixed and movable
jaws adjustable upon each other as set forth, one or both of said jaws having the
teeth arranged upon lines not in a common direction, substantially as shown and
described.
5. In a device of the kind described, the combination of the fixed and movable
jaws, adjustable upon each other as set forth, the teeth of the fixed jaw being
arranged upon lines not struck from a single centre, the teeth of the movable
jaw being arranged upon a line having a common direction or within the same
arc, substantially as shown and described.
6. In a device of the kind described, the combination of the fixed and movable
jaws, said fixed jaw having a curved toothed slot, and the movable jaw carrying
a pin adapted to engage the said toothed slot substantially as shown and
described.
7. In a device of the kind described, the combination of the fixed and movable
jaws, said fixed jaw having a curved toothed slot, and the movable jaw carrying
a pin adapted to engage the said toothed slot, and the spring for holding the pin
in engagement substantially as shown and described.
8. A device of the kind described, comprising the fixed and movable jaws, the
teeth of said jaws having faces adapted to be brought into parallel relation,
whereby the said jaws may serve as a nut-wrench, substantially as shown and
described.