IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINING BAD PREPARING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Lord, of Todmorden, in the County of York,
Machine Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINING BAD PREPARING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Lord at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
March 1862.
I, EDWARD LORD, of: Todmorden, in the County of York, Machine Maker,
do: hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CERTAIN MACHINES FOR PREPARING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be
as follows:-
My Invention is applicable to slubbing frames, roving frames, and other
machines of a similar nature, and it consists first in an improved mode of
arranging and constructing the differential motion, whereby less friction is
produced and consequently less power is required for driving the machine.
In performing my Invention one of the bevel wheels forming part of the
differential motion is fixed to the main shaft now employed for imparting
motion to the spindles; this wheel, by the intervention of the usual carrier
wheels, gives motion to the opposite differential wheel, to the boss of which
is fixed the spur pinion for driving the spindles by means of the ordinary
swing frame. The large wheel supporting the carrier wheels of the differ-
éntial motion is loose on one end of a tube, to the other end of. which is
fixed a wheel which is driven by a pinion in the swing frame; this tube,
revolves in the contrary direction to, the main shaft, but as its speed is much

page_text: slower than the bush of the differential wheel which in ordinary frames
rovolves on it, there is a proportionate reduction in the friction; the bush of
the differential wheel revolves at a greater velocity than the tube, but in the
same direction; the friction is thus reduced to the difference between the two
velocities.
The second part of my Invention consists in an improved arrangement of
machinery for unwinding so much of the slubbing or roving off the full bobbins,
as will suffice for lashing or winding on the empty bobbins at the commence-
ment of a fresh set. A convenient mode of accomplishing this is by attaching
a short rack to the rack bar now used for actuating the cone strap; this short
rack gears into a pinion fixed to a shaft, to which is also fixed a bevel pinion
gearing. When the lower cone has been raised in the ordinary manner to
slacken the cone strap, into a pinion on the axle of the lower cone when the
strap is being moved along the cones, the short rack with the pinions above
referred to move the lower cone round in the reverse direction to that in
which it works. when the machine is in operation,, and thus unwinds. the
requisite quantity of the slubbing or roving off the full bobbins for lashing or
winding on the empty ones.
The object of the last part of my Invention is to facilitate the operation of
regulating the winding on according to, the tension of the slubbing or roving.
In frames of the usual construction it is necessary for this purpose to remove
the cans from the back of the machine, and for the attendant to draw the
catches out of gear with the ratchet wheel, by which the position of the cone
strap is regulated; this occasions loss of time and may lead to accidents; to
obviate these difficulties, I place a vertical shaft near the back of the machine,
with a hand wheel on the top and a double pallet below; when the shaft is
turned partly round the pallets liberate the catches of the ratchet wheel, the
cone strap is then drawn back by the counterweight usually employed, thus
slackening the slubbing or roving...
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edward Lord in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
22nd September 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
LORD, of Todmorden, in the County of York, Machine Maker, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters

page_text: Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two; in the twenty-fifth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Edward Lord, Her special license that I, the said Edward Lord,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Edward
Lord, executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel.
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN MACHINES
FOR PREPARING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," upon the condition.
(amongst others) that I, the said Edward: Lord, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their:
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the:
said Invention; and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six.
calendar months- next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Lord, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be -per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say):
My Invention is applicable to slabbing frames, roving frames, and other
machines of a similar nature, and it consists,
First in an improved mode of arranging and constructing the differential
motion; whereby less friction is produced and consequently less power is required
for driving the machine.
Secondly, in the application of machinery for unwinding so much of the
stubbing or roving off the full- bobbins as will suffice for lashing or winding
on to the empty bobbins or spools at the commencement of a fresh set.
The object of the last part of my Invention is to facilitate the operation
of regulating the winding on according to the tension of the slubbing or
roving.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily carried..
into effect, I will proceed to describe the accompanying Sheet of Drawings,
reference being had to the figures and letters marked, thereon.
Fig. is an elevation of the principal parts of a slubbing frame, to which
my improvements are applied; Fig. 2 is a plan of part of the same; and Fig 3.
is a section, on an enlarged scale, of my improved differential motion, a ist

page_text: the main driving shaft; b, the roller beam;.c, the back drawing roller; d, the
top cone; e, the lower cone; f, the strap guide; 9, the rack bar; and h, the
vertical shaft for moving the same to and fro; these and all the other parts
requisite to complete the machine which are not shewn in the Drawing, and
not particularly referred to hereafter, are made, in the usual manner.
To the
shaft a is fixed the bevel wheel a'; this wheel forms part of the differential]
motion, and imparts motion to the oppose differential wheel a² by means of
the usual carrier wheels a³, the bearings of which are fixed to the back of the
bevel wheel jas now customary; to the boss of the bevel wheel a² is fixed
the spur pinion gearing into the wheel k', which drives the bobbins. The
bevel wheel j runs loose on one end of the bush at, to the other end of which
is fixed the wheel which is driven by the pinion 1, fixed to the wheel k¹ in.
the swing frame. The bush a revolves in the contrary direction to the
main shaft a, but as its speed is much slower than that of the boss of thei
differential wheel a², which in ordinary frames revolves on the shaft a, there
is a proportionate reduction in the friction. The wheel j and the bush a run in.
the same direction, and when the bobbins are full their speeds are nearly equal.
The boss of the wheel a² revolves at a greater velocity than the bush a', but in
the same direction, the friction is thus reduced to the difference between the
two velocities. The reduction in the two frictions effects a considerable saving
in the power required for driving the machine.
A convenient mode of accomplishing the second part of my Invention is as
follows: To the rack bar g for actuating the cone, strap is attached a short
rack g¹; this rack gears when requisite into the pinion m, fixed on the upright.
shaft m', to the lower end of which is fixed the bevel pinion m²; to the end of
the shaft of the lower cone e is fixed the bevel pinione, and the lower cone is
raised to slacken the cone strap when the bobbins are full, in the ordinary
manner, by the hand wheel n, the worm n', the segment n², the lever n³, and
the link n. When the lower cone has been raised by turning the hand
wheel n, the pinion e¹ comes into gear with the pinion m³, and when the rack
bar g has been moved sufficiently in the direction of the arrow to bring the
rack g' into gear with the pinion m, this pinion begins to revolve and continues
in motion until the cone strap arrives at the starting end of the cones; this
motion of the pinion m imparts motion; to the lower cone e in the reverse
direction to that in which it works when the machine is in operation, thus
unwinding the requisite quantity of the slubbing or roving, off the full bobbins
for lashing, or winding on to the empty ones, and economising the time and
labor hitherto, required for performing this operation by hand: In,slubbing
frames of the usual construction it is necessary, when the winding on requires.

page_text: regulating, to remove the cans from the back of the machine; this causes a
considerable loss of time and may lead to accidents, and in roving frames,
although there are no cans to remove, still the attendant has to go to the back
of the frame to regulate the tension of the rovings; the object of the last
part of my Invention is to obviate these difficulties; to the bottom of the
vertical shaft h is fixed as usual the ratchet wheel h¹ seen best in Fig. 2;
the catches o, o¹, which have hitherto been thrown by hand into or out of gear
with the ratchet wheel h¹ are provided with studs between which is the pallet p,
fixed to the vertical shaft p', provided at the top with a handle p³. When
the handle p² is in its central position both the catches o, o¹, are held out of gear
with the ratchet wheel h¹, and by turning the handle p³, the catches are brought
into action as required. When the ratchet wheel is stopped the cone strap is
drawn back by the counterweight usually employed, thus slackening the slubbing
or roving. By this means the tension of the slubbings and rovings can be
regulated with the greatest accuracy by the attendant without leaving her
position in the front of the frame.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, and described the manner
of performing the same, I declare that I claim as my improvements in slubbing
frames, roving frames, and other machines of a similar nature for preparing
cotton and other fibrous substances.
First, the improved arrangement of the parts forming the differential motion
as shewn and described in reference to Figs. 1 and 3, and-particularly the
application of the revolving bush a between the shaft a and the bosses of the
wheels a² and j.
Secondly, the application of machinery for unwinding so much of the slubbing
or roving off the full bobbins as will suffice for lashing or winding on to the
empty bobbins or spools, at the commencement of a fresh set, as described,
and lastly, the mechanism for regulating the winding on according to the
tension of the slubbing or roving, or any combination of parts for effecting the
same object without displacing the cans at the back of the frame and without
requiring the attendant to leave her place at the front of the frame.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Lord, have hereunto set my
hands and seal, the Nineteenth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
EDWARD LORD. (L.S.)