IMPROVEMENTS IN CARPENTERS' AND JOINERS' PLANES
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Walter Bayne, Cabinet Maker, and Oliver Edgar
MacGregor, Tobacconist, both of Wolverhampton, in the County
of Stafford, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARPENTERS'
AND JOINERS' PLANES."
Scaled the 25th September 1869, and dated the 1st April 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Walter Bayne and
Oliver Edgar MacGregor at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 1st April 1869.
We, WALTER BAYNE, Cabinet Maker and OLIVER EDGAR MACGREGOR,
Tobacconist, both of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS, IN,
CARPENTERS' AND JOINERS' PLANES," to be as follows:-
In carpenters' and joiners' planes it is found that very considerable.
wear and tear take place at the front edge of the mouth, in consequence
of which the smoothness of the cut is spoiled, the wood being.torn up
instead of cut off. The mouth is then generally repaired by cutting
a slot, and letting in a piece of wood with glue, which is very inefficient

page_text: and troublesome, or the plain is put on one side as useless. In place of
this we make the face of the head of the plane moveable, so that it can
be pushed nearer to the back edge of the mouth or withdrawn from it
according to the extent to which it is worn or the nature of the work
to be done; a portion of the head of the plane, carrying with it the
whole of the head face about half an inch deep, is advanced and with-
drawn by means of a screw which enters the remaining portion of the
head. The head face is kept true with the tail face by sliding in a dove-
tailed groove, and by a stud in the moveable portion of the head which
enters a hole to correspond in the fixed portion thereof.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Walter Bayne and Oliver Edgar MacGregor in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st October 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wo, WALTER
BAYNE, Cabinet Maker, and OLIVER EDGAR MAOGREGOR, Tobacconist,
both of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of April, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the
thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto us, the said Walter Bayne and Oliver Edgar
MacGregor, Her special licence that wo, the said Walter Bayne and Oliver
Edgar MacGregor, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as we, the said Walter Bayne and Oliver Edgar MacGregor, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN CARPENTERS' AND JOINERS' PLANES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Walter Bayne and Oliver Edgar
MacGregor, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,

page_text: and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Walter Bayne and Oliver
Edgar MacGregor, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement, that is to
say:
In carpenters' and joiners' planes it is found that very considerable
wear and tear take place at the front edge of the mouth, in consequence
of which the smoothness of the cut is spoiled, the wood being torn up
instead of cut off. The mouth is then generally repaired by cutting a
slot and letting in a piece of wood with glue, which is very inefficient
and troublesome, or the plane is put on one side as useless. In place
of this we make the face of the head of the plane moveable, so that it
can be pushed nearer to the back edge of the mouth or withdrawn from
it according to the extent to which it is worn or the nature of the work
to be done; a portion of the head of the plane, carrying with it the
whole of the head face about half an inch deep, is advanced and with-
drawn by means of a screw which enters the remaining portion of the
head. The head face is kept true with the tail face by sliding in a
dovetailed groove, and by a stud in the moveable portion of the head
which enters a hole to correspond in the fixed portion thereof.
Having thus far explained the nature and object of our said Invention,
we now proceed to describe the same more particularly, and exemplify in
the accompanying Sheet of Drawings the manner in which we purpose
carrying it into practical effect.
The Drawings represent in Fig. I. a longitudinal section and in
Fig. II. a transverse section of a plane constructed according to our
Invention, the letters and figures herein mentioned having reference
thereto.
A is the head of the plane, and A', A', the moveable portion of it
which slides on to A by the dovetailed groove E. The thickness of the
lower portion of the moveable head is determined at pleasure, but it
is advisable to make it thicker for the coarser and heavier planes than
for the smaller and finer ones. G is the head face, which may be shod
with iron as shewn if thought necessary.

page_text: B is the metal screw which is made with two shoulders, and on each
side of the moveable head are placed washers secured thereto by screws,
as shewn in Fig. I. and II. By this arrangement the screw B is held
firm in the moveable head A¹ though free to turn when screwed into the
head A. That the screw may work better it is preferable to use a metal
socket C secured to the head A. F is the stud herein-before referred to
which forms an additional guide for the moveable head. The space K, K¹,
is called the mouth. When the edge K becomes worn the screw B is
turned, and the two edges are again brought to the requisite distance
apart. H is called the tail of the plane, its face being the tail face;
L is where the wedge and blade are inserted, but which are not
shown.
Fig. II. is a section drawn on the line X, Y, and shewing the
washer D secured by four small screws, and confining the screw B. The
dovetailed groove is shewn at E.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature and
object of our Invention, together with a certain practical mode of
carrying it into effect, we wish it to be understood that we do not
confine ourselves to the especial mechanical contrivances herein
described and illustrated, but claim as our Invention secured to us by
Her Majesty's Letters Patent a moveable head face for carpenters' and
joiners' planes, constructed for the purpose and in manner substan-
tially as herein-before described and illustrated.
In witness whereof, we, the said Walter Bayne and Oliver Edgar
MacGregor, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-
ninth day of September, in the year of our Lord One thousand
cight hundred and sixty-nine.
Witness,
EDWWARD EDWARDS,
WALTER BAINE.
(L.S.)
OLIVER EDGAR MCGREGOR. (L.S.)
13, Bricklincroft,
W.Hampton.