IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BANDS OR CORDS FOR DRIVING MACHINERY, SUP- PORTING PICTURES AND OTHER OBJECTS, AND FOR OTHER USES, AND IN MEANS .OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN CONNECTING THE SAID BANDS OR CORDS TO PICTURE FRAMES AND OTHER OBJECTS."
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Townsend, No. 5, Derwent Villas, Grove Vale,
East Dulwich, in the County of Surrey, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BANDS OR CORDS FOR DRIVING MACHINERY, SUP-
PORTING PICTURES AND OTHER OBJECTS, AND FOR OTHER USES, AND IN MEANS
.OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN CONNECTING THE SAID BANDS OR CORDS TO
PICTURE FRAMES AND OTHER OBJECTS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Townsend at tho
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th December 1876.
SAMUEL TOWNSEND, of No. 5, Derwent Villas, Grove Vale, East Dulwich, in the
County of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BANDS OR CORDS
FOR DRIVING MACHINERY, SUPPORTING PICTURES AND OTHER OBJECTS, AND FOR
OTHER USES, AND IN MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN CONNECTING THE SAID
BANDS OR CORDS TO PICTURE FRAMES, AND OTHER OBJECTS."
.
The object of the present Invention is with increased simplicity and economy in
the manufacture of cords or bands to obtain facility for variety in the effects
produced when so manufactured.
The bands or cords may be formed of various lengths, and are capable of being
united at their ends so as to form when so united "endless" cords or bands, or bands
or cords, with closed ends when desired, or otherwise. For this purpose I take the
woollen or other material in the yarn or thread condition, and having wound it into
hanks or skeins, which when extended will be of the length requisite to form, when
their two parts or halves are folded together and twisted, a band of or about the
length required. I then take two of such skeins or hanks, and having folded each
one side or half hank or skein with the other half hank or skein, I proceed to twist
this skein, and in like manner I twist the second skein, I then put these two
twisted folded skeins together, and further twist or combine them into one cord or
band, and in order to prevent their untwisting the one from the other I bind around
their joint ends or combined loops another thread or threads or wire at each end of
D.

page_text: the band. These ends of each band may then be united to form an endless or
continuous band by a wire or other looping or connecting means.
When these bands or cords are to be employed for suspending pictures or other
objects, I, during the process of winding the two skeins or hanks, pass the threads
forming each skein or hank through a ring at each turn in winding, or it may be a
ring with a screw stem thereon, and the two hanks being separately twisted,
brought together, and twisted further into one band, it will only be requisite to bind
the loops of the two bands together at their ends opposite to those held together
by this ring, or both may be so bound if desired, and I place thereon another ring
of the kind known as split rings, or other ring or ring and screw stem combined, so
divided as to be capable of being placed thereon. Or instead of only two skeins or
hanks being thus treated several such skeins may be so combined into one band or
cord, and at their loop ends joined by binding, and have placed through one or each
of the loops so formed a ring or loop or ring with screw stem attached of metal or
other suitable material or other connection.
The respective hanks or skeins of this band or cord may be composed of thread
of different colors or shades by which in the completed cord a pleasing effect may be
obtained.
In applying the cords or bands to picture frames, I pass one end of the finished
band or cord through the ring ordinarily screwed into one side of such frame, then
through its own ring, then through a hole formed in a bent spring which is formed
by curving or arching, so that upon its one end being screwed to the back of the
frame, the part of the cord may pass through the hole therein above-mentioned,
and then under the other end of the arched spring, which then presses upon this
cord and upon the frame, and thereby retains the cord, aided by a groove- in the
frame when needed.
To lengthen or shorten the cord, the spring is raised slightly from the cord by
means of a part suitably formed thereon as a handle for that purpose, or by raising
the spring itself directly.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by the
said Samuel Townsend in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 2nd June 1877.
SAMUEL TOWNSEND, of No. 5, Derwent Villas, Grove Vale, East Dulwich, in the
County of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BANDS OR CORDS FOR
DRIVING MACHINERY, SUPPORTING PICTURES AND OTHER OBJECTS, AND FOR OTHER
USES, AND IN MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN CONNECTING THE SAID BANDS OR
CORDS TO PICTURE FRAMES AND OTHER OBJECTS."
The object of the present Invention is with increased simplicity and econony in
the manufacture of cords or bands to obtain facility for variety in the effects
produced when so manufactured.
The bands or cords may be formed of various lengths, and are capable of being
united at their ends so as to form when so united "endless" cords or bands, or bands
or cords, with closed ends when desired, or otherwise. For this purpose I take the
woollen or other material in the yarn or thread condition and first wind it into
hanks or skeins, such as represented by Figure 1; such hanks or skeins extended will
be of the length requisite to form, when their two parts or halves are folded
together and twisted, a band of or about the length required. I then take two of
such skeins or hanks, Figure 1, and having separately folded each one side or half
hank or skein with the other half hank or skein, as represented by Figure 2, I
proceed to twist this skein, as represented in Figure 1, and in like manner I twist
the second skein, I then put these two twisted folded skeins together, as represented
by Figure 4, and I then further twist or combine them into one cord or band, partly
by their own tendency to twist one on the other, and partly by further twisting of
one on the other, as represented by Figure 5, and in order to prevent their un-

page_text: twisting the one from the other, I bind around their joint ends or combined loops
another thread or threads or wire at each end of the band, as indicated at each end
a thereof; or in place of obtaining the desired combination by the twisting together
of two separate hanks that have first been separately twisted, as stated, a like effect
may be obtained by forming the skein of double the length that would be required
for any one purpose, then twisting such skein as stated, and then folding it so that
the opposite looped ends are brought together, and the intermediate parts are
allowed to twist one on the other, aided by additional twist thereon if desired, a
loop being left for connection of the parts at the point of folding, or two or more
of such twisted skeins may be so folded that their opposite looped ends are brought
together, and their intermediate parts allowed to twist together, aided by additional
twisting being given if desired.
The looped ends or eyes formed on the original skein are connected together by a
wire or other connection, and when it is desired to form an endless band thereof,
these loops or eyes will also be connected to the loop or eye formed by folding of
the parts on each other.
Figure 13 shows a portion of one end of a combined band, the parts being held
together by a wire which when the cord is to be used as a shoe lace may form the
tag. These ends a of each band may then be united to form an endless or con-
tinuous band by a wire or other looping or connecting means.
When these bands or cords are to be employed for suspending pictures or other
objects, I, during the process of winding the two skeins or hanks, pass the threads
forming each skein or hank through a ring at each turn in winding, as represented
at b, Figure 6, or it may be a ring with a screw stem thereon, and the two hanks being
separately twisted, as shown by Figure 7, and brought together again, as represented
by Figure 8, and twisted further into one band, as shown by Figure 9, it will only
be requisite to bind the loops of the two bands together at their ends a¹ opposite to
those held together by this ring b, or both may be so bound if desired, and I place
thereon another ring of the kind known as split rings, or other ring, or rings and
screw stem combined, so divided as to be capable of being placed thereon. Or
instead of only two skeins or hanks being thus treated several such skeins may be
so combined into one band or cord, and at their loop ends joined by binding, and
have placed through one or each of the loops so formed a ring or loop or ring with
screw stem attached of metal or other suitable material or other connection.
The respective hanks or skeins of this band or cord may be composed of thread of
different colors or shades by which in the completed cord a pleasing effect may be
obtained.
In applying the cords or hands to picture frames I pass one end of the finished
band or cord through a ring, such as ordinarily screwed into one side of such frame,
then if desired through its own ring b, then through another ring or other rings
attached to the frame, and then through a hole e² formed in a bent spring e, shown
by Figure 10, formed by curving or arching, so that upon its one end e¹ being
screwed to the back of the frame, the part of the cord may pass through the hole e
therein above-mentioned, and then under the other end of the arched spring 6,
which then presses upon this cord between it and the frame, and thereby retains
the cord by the nip effected. The cord may be passed through another ring after
being passed under the spring e if desired. This holding at may be aided by a
groove in the frame when needed. Figure 11 shows this spring e applied, the
dotted line indicating the picture frame or other surface to be suspended.
To lengthen or shorten the cord the spring e is raised slightly at e³ from the cord
by means of the part et thereof being formed as a handle for that purpose, or by
raising the spring itself directly.
Figure 12 shows another form of spring e by means of which a greater surface of
the cord may be pressed upon thereby to obtain greater holding at the part e³.
Having thus described my Invention, and means which I adopt in carrying the
same into effect, I would have it understood that what I claim is,
First. The forming cords or bands adapted to the purposes stated by the use of

page_text: skeins of yarn or thread, the parts of each of which have been separately twisted
together, so that when such twisted skeins or the parts thereof are laid one against
the other the tendency will be for one, or one part thereof, to twist on the other, which
tendency is aided by further twisting of the parts together, and they are then held
by other binding in manner substantially as described.
•
Secondly. I claim the use of spring apparatus e for the purpose of connecting or
holding bands or cords, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Townsend, have hereunto set my
hand and scal, this Thirtieth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
Witness,
WILLIAM BROOKES,
62, Chancery Lane,
London.
SAM TOWNSEND. (L.S.)