A Power Loom for the Manufacture of Mats or other similar Fabrics or Articles from Ooir Yarn.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Mar., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 28th Dec., 1893-Accepted, 17th Mar., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A Power Loom for the Manufacture of Mats or other similar Fabrics
or Articles from Ooir Yarn.
OWEN BULLOCK Engineer 46 Russell Road Victoria Docks London WILLIAM
HENRY FORTY, Engineer 8 Russell Road Victoria Docks London. We do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
A power loom for the manufacture of mats or other similar fabrics or articles
from coir yarn. The construction of the loom is as follows-
The required warps pass under and over rollers which are placed accross the back
of the machine to give the necessary tightness to the warps, they are then threaded
through the healds of which there are six sets (four of these for warps and two for
the tufts or pile of mats) placed immediately in front of each other. The top
warps are threaded through two of the sets of healds alternately, and the bottom
warps through the other two sets alternatly of the four required for the warps,
they are then threaded through the slay or beater and strained over and under the
pull off rollers which are placed accross the front of the machine these rollers are
worked by ordinary ratchett wheel attatched by connecting rod to a disc on one of
the shafts so as to pull away the required length of mat after each pick, thus the
warps are set in their proper position to make two mats face to face.
The yarn required for forming the tuft or pile of mat is also brought from the
back through rollers, and threaded in lots of two, three, or four, as required
(according to the quality of mat being made) alternatly through two more sets of
healds in the front of the healds required for the warps, these work up and
down in opposite direction to each other and in alternate spaces passing above
and below the warps, these two healds are connected to each other by a
rack on each and a pinion placed between them so that the action of one
works the other in opposite directions. We therefore work the one by a lever
attatched by means of a connecting rod to a disc on each side of the machine and
the action of weaving the mats is as follows, one of the sets of healds carrying the
top warps lift, at the same time one of the sets of healds carrying the bottom
warps will drop thus opening every alternate top and bottom warp sufficient to
allow the shuttles (of which there are two carrying the weft) to pass through the
said shuttles are thrown accross the machine by means of picking wheels and
picking shafts and leave the weft accross the open warps as in ordinary weaving.
The front healds which carry the yarn for the tufts or pile of mats then change
thus doubling the yarn over the weft, left by the shuttles and by so doing it forms
the back of the mats into a diamond pattern. It is necessary to keep the top and
bottom warps a uniform distance apart and for this purpose we insert a bar
between then from each side meeting in the centre, these bars are driven by a
shaft accross the top of the machine on which is a bevel wheel at each end, each
of these working into another the back side of which forms a disc, these discs are
connected by means of connecting rods to two bars, one on each side of the
machine, which by revolution of discs slide to meet each other in the centre of the
machine, two forgings are hinged to the sliding bars which carry the bars before
mentioned to be inserted between the mats, and by means of revolution of the
above mentioned shaft the said bars meet in the centre between the top and bottom
warps immediately in front of the beater, the first beat of the beater will carry
these bars to the mat which is woven, driving with them the pile which has been
loubled over the weft by the two front healds, the continued revolution of the shaft

page_text: drawing the bars out again and being weighted they fall to their natural position,
ready to be again inserted. The beater then gives another beat, this worked by
crank or cam, then the alternate healds lift and drop as before described and the
shuttles are again passed between the warps, and the pile yarn again doubled over
the weft, the bars are again inserted and so continued until the required length is
finished. The mats are cut apart by a knife working horizontally as they pass
out of the machine.
We claim a power loom for the purpose of manufacturing diamond back mats by
placing the pile round the weft also the two front healds which carry the pile
working in oposite direction to each other & in alternate spaces in the warp for the
purpose of forming diamond backs.
Dated this 27th day of March 1893.
OWEN BULLOCK.
WILLIAM HENRY FORTY.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A Power Loom for the Manufacture of Mats or other similar Fabrics
or Articles from Coir Yarn.
We OWEN BULLOCK of 46 Russell Road Victoria Docks, London, Engineer,
and WILLIAM HENRY FORTY of 8, Russell Road, Victoria Docks, London,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
This invention relates to a loom for the manufacture of mats or similar fabrics,
intended to provide an apparatus which will weave the mats in a more effective
manner than has hitherto been the case, and which will be less expensive.
Instead of forming the pile from small cut pieces or thrumes, which are cut
from yarns before being threaded on the warp, the pile is formed by continuous
threads which are woven with the ordinary web, and in much the same manner as
the warp, being afterwards cut. With this arrangement the evenness of the pile
is ensured without requiring any further trimming.
The mats are woven double, that is, there are two warps and two shuttles
carrying the wefts, the webs thus formed being situated one above the other and
formed at the same time both shuttles being thrown from side to side by the same
action. The pile threads are between alternate warps, and connect the two webs
together, each thread being passed over one weft then at the next operation around
the weft thread above or below alternate threads passing over or under each top or
bottom weft.
These webs are kept at a regular distance apart by two beater bars of the
required width, which after each throw of the shuttle move forward pushing the
pile threads into proper position, the width of the bars regulating the distance
apart of the webs and consequently the depth of the pile. As the mats are wound
off the machine, a knife of suitable construction, is caused to cut the cross threads
forming the pile at the middle, severing the webs into two mats with piles of even
thickness, which are drawn off over top and bottom rollers respectively.
The accompanying two sheets of drawings illustrate our invention and the
working of the complete apparatus.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation and Fig. 2 a front view showing the two mats being
separated and drawn off the machine, and
Figs. 3 & 4 are detail views.
A is the framework or casting of the machine and is of the usual character
carrying the driving shaft B with fly wheels b and shaft pulleys b¹ through which
power is applied to drive the machine. This shaft is driven at a considerable

page_text: speed, and operates the knife for cutting the pile through special gearing as
hereinafter described. A pinion 62 on this shaft gears into a larger wheel c on the
shaft C driving it at a much lower speed. From this shaft, through the action of
the various devices, some of which are already known and used, the healds, lifting
the warp and pile threads are operated. The shaft C also brings the shuttle or
picking arms into operating position.
The wheel e gears into a smaller wheel d on the shaft D driving it at double
the speed. From the shaft D are driven the rollers which withdraw the woven
mats, and the beaters.
The frame a at the top of the machine supports the healds E & E¹ belonging
to the warps, the set E operating the upper warp F and the set E¹ the lower
warp F. These healds slide up and down in grooves in the frame a and are
connected by the rods or lines e & el to the ends of the levers G & G on a shaft
carried by the frame A the set E being operated by the levers G & E¹ by G¹.
On the shaft C are fixed the wheels c each furnished with a tappet c² and a
recess a tappet and a recess being placed side by side in the width of the wheel.
The tappet and recess ou one wheel are arranged diametrically opposite to those
on the other. It is obvious that instead of only two wheels being employed, four
may be used, each one having either a tappet or a recess, but not both as is
the case in the arrangement shown. On each of the levers G & G is placed a
roller g or g at the side. When a wheel C¹ revolves so that its tappet and recess
come into play, the tappet will bear on the roller belonging to one lever and cause
through the connection e¹ the corresponding heald E¹ to be lowered. To the top
of each heald is connected a cord or line e² passing over a pulley 3. Two lines
are used one to each pair of healds, each line passing from the top of one heald E
over a pulley to the top of the corresponding heald E' so that should one heald E¹
belonging to the lower warp be operated, the corresponding one E belonging to
the upper warp will also be operated. Thus when one lever G is pushed down
by the tappet c² a heald E¹ is pulled down, and the corresponding one E is raised
through the connecting cord, pulling up the lever G and thus causing its roller g
to enter the recess. The recess is employed in order to render the working of
the arrangement smoother, as the rollers will then always be in contact with the
wheel c'.
It will be seen that the healds E are always raised and E' lowered to open the
warp. The pile threads H & H' also proceed from the back of the machine, and
are fed over suitable rollers, which give the required tension.
These threads pass through the healds J & J which are placed at the front
of the frame a the heald J with the pile threads H being shown in the upper
position and J' with threads H' in the lower. Each of these healds is furnished
with a rack and a small toothed wheel or pinion is placed between them pivoted
to the frame u, so that when one moves up or down in its groove the other will
move an equal distance in the opposite direction. The front heald J is directly
operated by the driving mechanism, a lever K being employed pivoted to the frame
and oscillated by a link & connected to a disc C' on the shaft C.
The heald J is thus reversed in position twice for each revolution of the
shaft C, completing its cycle of movement once in each revolution, and operating
the heald J reversely so that they change positions regularly, the front being at
the bottom of its stroke while the rear is at the top and vice versa. The thread H
at the next motion will start from the upper web and be pulled by the heald J
below the lower warp and the thread H will take up the position given in
the drawings to H so that each thread passes alternately around the upper and
lower wefts.
The lever K is formed with a slot k¹ at its end into which a pin on the heald H
projects for the purpose of operating the healds.
The shuttle arm L is operated in a manner well known in looms, the spindle /
being raised periodically by means of the lever and tappet on the disc C₁ so that
a collar on the spindle is brought into such a position that a tappet b³ on the

page_text: wheel will on passing strike against it. This causes the arm L to turn suddenly
and throw the shuttles M along the shuttle box N to the opposite side, the same
operation taking place at the other side for the return passage.
At the back of the shuttle box are placed the bars O which slide in a groove n.
These bars are of a depth equal to the distance it is desired to keep the warps,
and they meet at the centre when in operative position, so as to extend straight
across the warp. They are formed as light rectangular frames having on top of
the lower bar a rack o by which they are driven to and fro, a small pinion P being
employed for that purpose turning in bearings in the box N. This is revolved
by a shaft P extending from the front to the rear of the machine, being driven
intermittently by bevel gearing at the back. The bevel gearing is operated
through the levers Q and connections by a tappet and recess q¹ 22 belonging to
a wheel Q fixed on the shaft D which at the proper time push down the lever
and revolve the gearing. The arrangement of tappet and recess is similar to that
of the heald mechanism, and is shown in detail in Figs. 3 & 4 which are
respectively a side and an end elevation of the device.
The shaft P is formed with a long slot p' and the pinion P is connected to it by
a pin p² passing through this slot. This allows the beater bars Q and the shuttle
box to be moved from back to front without the pinion becoming disconnected.
The beater frame R is fitted to the shuttle and bar carrier and travels on guides R'
at top and bottom being furnished with suitable rollers for that purpose.
"
The beater frame is oscillated by the lever S to which it is connected by link s.
This lever is provided with a roller operated by the cam T on the shaft D. This
cam as shown is of such a form that for each revolution of the shaft the beater
will be thrown forward and brought back twice, remaining in the rear position
until the shuttles have again passed through, thus giving a double stroke for each
passage of the shuttle. At the first stroke the bars O are in their operative
position meeting at the centre in front of the ordinary beater bar. This stroke
forces the pile up tightly against the woven fabrics. At the second stroke the
bars are withdrawn, and the ordinary vertical beater bars are allowed to come into
action finishing the operation ready for the next thread.
To separate the double mat with the cross woven pile, the horizontal knife U is
employed loosely pivoted by means of a slot at one end, and oscillated at the other
by a shaft with disc and pin. This shaft is driven by bevel gearing u¹ from the
shaft V which is revolved by the belt or chain from a pulley on the driving
shaft B the knife being thus oscillated at a rapid rate.
The mats are withdrawn by the pull off rollers W at the front of the machine
of which there are two sets, one for the upper mat, and one for the lower all geared
so as to work simultaneously and operated by the ratchet wheel w, the pawl lever w
connecting rod w² lever w³ and disc W' on the shaft D. The required length of mat
is thus drawn off after each throw of the shuttle.
In Fig. 2 at the upper part the appearance of the back of the complete mat is
shown illustrating the manner in which the pile threads are placed, the pile being
shown of triple thread.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
(1.) In a loom for weaving mats, the combination with two warps, one above the
other, two corresponding sets of healds, mechanism for operating the said healds,
and two shuttles carrying the wefts, of a set of continuous pile threads opened by
two healds alternately raising and lowering them, so arranged that each thread
is wound alternately over and under the two wefts, and a horizontal knife cutting
the pile and separating the warps, substantially as described and for the purposes
specified.
(2.) In a loom for weaving mats, the combination with two warps, two sets of
healds for the warps, mechanism for operating the healds, and two shuttles of

page_text: continuous pile threads, two healds for the pile, taking alternate threads, each
having a rack, and a piniou between the said racks so that the two healds will
move in opposite directions reversing the position of each thread at each throw of
the shuttle, and causing the pile threads to be wound alternately over and under
the upper and lower wefts, forming a mat of the diamond back pattern, the two
warps being separated by a horizontal knife after weaving, substantially as
described and for the purposes specified.
(3.) In a mat weaving loom, the combination with a double warp and weft,
continuous pile threads and mechanism for operating them, of a beater formed of
the usual beater bars, and two horizontal sliding bars meeting together at the
centre, of a width equal to the depth of the double pile required, operated with
the ordinary beater and withdrawn after beating substantially in the manner and
for the purposes specified.
(4.) In a mat weaving loom, the combination with a double warp and weft,
continuous pile threads and mechanism for operating them of a double beater, the
main part formed of the ordinary beater bars, the other of two horizontal sliding
bars meeting each other at the centre, the beater having two beats for each throw
of the shuttle, one with the horizontal bars in operation the second with the said
bars withdrawn, substantially as and for the purposes specified.
(5.) The improved loom for weaving mats having two warps and wefts, continuous
pile threads, six healds, four for the warps and two for the pile, two shuttles, and
corresponding boxes and arms, a double beater with sliding bars, a horizontal knife
for separating the two warps, and double feeding and withdrawing mechanism all
constructed and operating substantially in the manner described and shown, and
for the purposes specified.
Dated this 28th day of December 1893
GEO. H. RAYNER,
37, Chancery Lane, London, Agent for the Applicants.