IMPROVED MEANS OF AND MATERIAL FOR LIGHTING AND HEATING (ESPECIALLY APPLI CABLE TO RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND OTHER PORTABLE CONVEYANCES), AND BURNERS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Wilkinson, Civil Engineer, of the Parish of
Marylebone, and William Wellings, Gentleman, of Wembley, Harrow-on-the-
Hill, both in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of " IMPROVED
MEANS OF AND MATERIAL FOR LIGHTING AND HEATING (ESPECIALLY APPLI
CABLE TO RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND OTHER PORTABLE CONVEYANCES), AND
BURNERS FOR THE SAME.”
Sealed the 25th March 1879, and dated the 30th September 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Wilkinson and
William Wellings at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th
September 1878.
ALEXANDER WILKINSON, Civil Engineer, of the Parish of Marylebone, and
WILLIAM WELLINGS, Gentleman, of Wembley, Harrow-on-the-Hill, both in the
County of Middlesex. "IMPROVED MEANS OF AND MATERIAL FOR LIGHTING AND
HEATING (ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND OTHER PORTABLE
CONVEYANCES), AND BURNERS FOR THE SAME."
The first part of our Invention relates to the combination of bisulphide of carbon
and naphtha and benzoline in equal proportions in weight. These liquids when
mixed together are placed in a box, cistern, or tank of any suitable size or dimen-
sions for lighting and heating railway carriages and other portable conveyances.
The second part of the Invention relates to purifying the before-mentioned
ingredients by passing them through a box or tank containing bisulphide of lime,
which increase the brilliancy of the light and renders it free from smoke.
The third part of the Invention consists in burning the ingredients before
mentioned in railway carriage lamps, by placing a suitable quantity of the liquid
into a tank upon the roof of the carriage, where from vertical cistern pipes horizontal
pipes may be arranged, so that the liquid may fall down the vertical cistern pipes
and pass along the horizontal pipes. These pipes may be arranged in telescope form,
in order that no more of the liquid may run down the pipes than is required for the
supply of the burner with a sufficient quantity to produce its own gas.

page_text: The burner may be arranged with any number of air chambers or passages in
order to admit cold air, by which a great saving is produced, as half air and half
gas (produced by the materials herein-before mentioned) may be burned.
The burner has in the centre of its "elbow" portion a valve through which a
screw passes. By turning the screw to the right hand the liquid will fall into a cup
placed at the bottom of the burner, which can be momentarily lighted, and in a
short space of time gas generated at a powerful pressure.
This valve burner may be also used where ordinary coal gas burners are at present
employed, as it possesses greater advantages than any at present in use. By turning
a stop-cock the pressure of gas can be used from one to a hundred light meter as
required without any "jumping," or noise, or waste of gas, as so frequently occurs
in existing burners.
Fourthly. This Invention relates to the employment of a cord made of asbestos,
which is passed up the vertical tube before mentioned, so as to prevent the liquid
from running down too freely into the burner and causing a greater flame than is
required. The flame of any size and of any illuminating power inay be momentarily
affected by turning the stop-cock, which is placed as a fixture to the cup at the
bottom of the burner.
By twisting and turning the screw at the bottom the stop-cock opens or closes the
valves as required.
These burners may be made in any shape or form on the valve principle, as before
described, in order to stop the great amount of pressure, an advantage which it is at
present impossible to realize by existing burners.
The fifth part of our. Invention relates to the heating of railway carriages and
portable conveyances by the system of our lamp, as before described. One of our
atmospheric air burners made according to our Invention may be placed into one of
our lamps and conveniently put into a railway carriage in cold weather, and give
the warmth and temperature that may be requisite.
The way this part of our Invention is carried into effect is by placing a small
boiler over the top of the lamp, which throws a great amount of heat, and in a very
short space of time steam will be generated, which can be readily passed down the
tube from the top of the carriage into the interior of the carriage. The floor of the
carriage is constructed hollow, made of copper in the form of a box or steam chest,
in order to confine the steam into the floor of the carriage from the down tubes of
the cistern. The floor of the carriage is so made hollow, of copper or any other
suitable metal that is requisite, and the heat is so regulated by the use of the
ordinary stop-cock and steam valves which is now in present use, that a carriage
may be quickly heated to any desired temperature by the adoption of this
system.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Alexander Wilkinson and William Wellings in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 29th March 1879.
"
ALEXANDER WILKINSON, Civil Engineer, of the Parish of Marylebone, and
WILLIAM WELLINGS, Gentleman, of Wembley, Harrow-on-the-Hill, both in the
County of Middlesex. IMPROVED MEANS OF AND MATERIALS FOR LIGHTING AND
HEATING (ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND OTHER PORTABLE
CONVEYANCES), AND BURNERS FOR THE SAME."
The first part of our Invention relates to the combination of bisulphide of carbon
and naphtha and benzoline in suitable proportions, and preferably in equal propor-
tions in weight, to produce a light of great intensity. These liquids mixed together
can be placed in a box, cistern, or tank of any suitable size or dimensions for heating
railway carriages and other portable conveyances.
In some cases the before-mentioned ingredients are passed through a box or tank
containing bisulphide of lime, which increases. the brilliancy of the light and renders
it free from smoke.
In burning the ingredients before mentioned in railway carriage lamps we place a
suitable quantity of the liquid into a tank upon the roof of the carriage, where
from vertical cistern pipes horizontal pipes may be arranged so that the liquid may
fall down the vertical cistern pipes and pass along the horizontal pipes. These pipes:
may be arranged in telescope form in order that no more of the liquid may run
down the pipes than is required for the supply of the burner with a sufficient
quantity to produce its own gas flame. The next part of our Invention relates to
burners by which our above-mentioned oil can be used for lighting and for heating
purposes.
The burner or burners may be arranged with any number of air chambers or
passages in order to admit atmospheric air, by which a great saving is produced, as
half air and half gas (produced by the materials herein-before mentioned), may be
burned.
The burner has in the centre of its "elbow" portion a valve through which a
screw passes. By turning the screw in the proper direction the liquid will fall into.
a cup placed at the bottom of the burner, which can be momentarily lighted, and in
a short space of time gas generated to a powerful pressure. This valve burner may
be also used where ordinary coal gas burners are at present employed, as it possesses
greater advantages than any at present in use. By turning a stop-cock the pressure
of gas can be regulated at each burner, whether from a five or a liundred light meter
as required without any "jumping," or noise, or waste of gas, as so frequently occurs
in existing burners.
I employ a cord made of asbestos within the vertical tube before mentioned, to
prevent the liquid from running down too freely into the burner and causing greater
flame than is required.
These burners may be made in any shape or form on the valve principle, as before
described, in order to stop the great amount of pressure, an advantage which it is at
present impossible to realize by existing burners.
The next part of our Invention relates to the heating of railway carriages and
portable conveyances by the system of our lamp, as before described. One of our
atmospheric air burners made according to our Invention may be placed into a lamp
and conveniently put into a railway carriage in cold weather, to give the warmth
and temperature that may be requisite.
The way this part of our Invention is carried into effect is by placing a small
boiler over the top of the lamp, which throws a great amount of heat, and in a very.

page_text: short space of time steam will be generated, which can be readily passed down the
tube from the top of the carriage into the interior of the carriage. The floor of the
carriage is constructed hollow, made of copper in the form of a box or steam chest,
in order to confine the steam into the floor portion of the carriage from the down
tubes of the cistern. The floor of the carriage is so made hollow of copper or any
other suitable metal that is requisite, and the heat is so regulated by the use of the
ordinary stop-cock and steam valves which are now in present use that a carriage
may be quickly heated to any desired temperature by the adoption of this
system.
The construction or arrangement of my burners, by which the before-mentioned
combined ingredients can be burned for the production of light and of light and
heat, is clearly represented in the annexed Drawings.
Figures 1 and 2 are elevation and sectional views of an elbow burner A, provided
with a valve B on a threaded stem C, the seating for the valve being formed in the
body of the vertical arm, as shown.. The stem is provided with a thumb button D,
and has a hole in the centre of its length to form a communication from the pipe
leading from the supply to the nipple E, in order that when the burner has to be
lighted a small quantity of the oil may flow down into the cup F to be ignited for
warming the burner previous to the turning of the valve for enabling the supply to
pass to the nipple in the usual manner.
When the nipple supply is on, the aperture in the stem is closed by its entrance a
being against a solid part of the screw nut G, the entrance a being then turned
away from a small chamber formed in the top face of the screw nut G.
The nipple shown in these Figures is of the slit kind to produce a flat flame, but
any other nipple may be fitted to produce a star flame or other shape of flame, as
desired.
Figures 3 and 4 are sectional and plan views of a three-branch burner, by which
our combined ingredients can be used for lighting purposes. The supply pipe A is
formed with a seating for a valve B to impinge against when closed by the button
head C being turned. Behind this seating is a chamber into which the liquid can
flow before ascending the branches D, E, F, the nozzles of which are so bent that
the liquid by the pressure from a tank above is projected in fine streams or jets
against each other and become broken up, for the consumption G is a centre nozzle
for throwing a vertical jet of liquid against those coming from the nozzles D, E, F,
to ensure a complete breaking up of the liquid where it is burned in the form of
spray or vapour.
The stem of the valve B in this as in the former arrangement has an aperture
through a certain portion of its length to open a communication with the cup H
for the flow of oil for the burner warming operation before the supply is permitted
to pass to the nozzles for the lighting.
Figure 5 is a sectional elevation of a star burner mainly for heating purposes, the
supply of our combined liquid oil to the side perforated nipple being by a bent
nozzle A attached to the interior of the apparatus, where it is screw-threaded for
its connection to the branch leading from the tank, the branch having a tap to
regulate the flow of oil to the nozzle. The pressure of the flow from the quantity
in the tank is sufficient to ensure a splash of the fine stream of oil against the top
plate that the burning takes place only while the liquid is in the form of spray or
vapour. The bottom of this burner is open that it acts as a Bunsen or atmospheric
burner.
Figure 6 shows a couple of star burners for our combined liquid oil attached to a
box J containing bisulphide of lime as a purifying agent for the liquid to pass
through before entering the vertical pipes K, K, on its way to the burner nipples E, E.
The stems of these burners are provided with ordinary plug taps to regulate the
streams of oil, and the outside of the stems are provided with shields L, L, by which
when turned in the proper direction atmospheric air may enter and become consumed
along with the oil at the nipples.

page_text: This arrangement of apparatus, the burners of which may be multiplied as
desired, is particularly applicable for heating purposes, say under a vessel like as a
gas stove. They may however be arranged in connection with an oil supply pipe
and tank that they can be fitted within a furnace, say of a portable or small
stationary engine, or of a steam fire engine, to which this part of our Invention is
specially adaptable, whether it be in the form shown in Figure 6 or in that shown
in Figure 5.
Figures 7 and 8 are elevation and sectional views of a conical valve B on a
threaded rod c, the valve having a milled edge to enable it to be turned to regulate
the opening of the passage of ordinary coal gas from the supply pipe to the burner.
The stem is attached to a perforated disc fitted in the body of the regulator, and the
cone valve bears against a cone seating at one end of the apparatus, when the
passage is closed and brought away from the seating by a turning of the valve upon
the stem to the desired distance to regulate the opening and the flow of gas, as
before explained.
Figure 9 is a sectional view of a gas regulator of our Invention. This is composed
of a casing A, B, the lower one A, which is connected to a supply pipe as an ordinary
nipple b fitted in the inside of the casing that the chamber c may be furnished with
gas therefrom. The upper part B of the casing has two nipples d, e, one in the
inside and one on the outside, which receive their supply from the chamber in which
the gas is compressed by the inflow under pressure, and the outflow regulated auto-
matically thereby to ensure a steady light of a fixed intensity according to the
diameter of the holes in the upper nipples d, e.
In this view the outside nipple is pierced with holes in a ring form to produce a
star light, but any other kind of nipple may be fitted on the outside of this
regulator.
Figure 10 shows a view of a gas burner having a screw valve fitted at the bottom
for regulating the flow of gas to the nipple that the valve when worked by the
screw C can shut off or open the passage as desired.
Instead of the combination of ingredients before mentioned for the production of
our flame being used, we intend in some cases, especially where light with little heat
is required, to make a combination of liquids from petroleum, wood, naphtha, methy-
lated spirit, spirit of wine, and parafine in suitable proportions, the oil in a combined
form being rectified to bring it to a thin liquid state.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, we declare that we claim in the before in part recited
Letters Patent,―
1. The ingredients as first herein-before mentioned, in combination as an oil for
lighting and for heating purposes, said oil being especially applicable to railway
carriages and other portable conveyances, also for ships' lamps.
2. We claim the burner shown in Figures 1 and 2 of the annexed Drawings, by
which our first herein-before mentioned oil can be used for lighting purposes, as
described.
3. We claim the branch nozzle burner shown in Figures 3 and
of the annexed
Drawings, by which our first herein-before mentioned oil can be used for lighting
purposes, as set forth.
4. We claim the burner shown at Figure 5 of the annexed Drawings, by which
our first herein-before mentioned oil can be used for lighting and for heating purposes,
as set forth.
5. We claim the cone valve gas regulator described with reference to Figures 7
and 8 of the annexed Drawings.
6. We claim the automatic gas regulator described with reference to Figure 9 of
the annexed Drawings, composed of two nipples within a compression chamber, as
set forth.
7. We claim the apparatus shown in Figure 6 of the annexed Drawings, by

page_text: which our first herein-before mentioned oil can be used for heating purposes, as set
forth.
In witness whereof, we, the said Alexander Wilkinson and William Wollings,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-ninth day of March, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine.
ALEXANDER WILKINSON. (L.S.)
WILLIAM WELLINGS.
(L.S.).