IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC APPARATUS FOR LIFTING HAULING, AND LOWERING
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Matthew Turner Shaw and Thomas Howard
Head, both of No. 141, Cannon Street, in the City of London, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC APPARATUS FOR LIFTING
HAULING, AND LOWERING."
Sealed the 19th January 1869, and dated the 23rd July 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Matthew Turner Shaw
and Thomas Howard Head at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 23rd July 1868.
We, MATTHEW TURNER SHAW and THOMAS HOWARD HEAD, both
of No. 141, Cannon Street, in the City of London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC APPARATUS
FOR LIFTING, HAULING, AND LOWERING," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in hydraulic apparatus
for lifting, hauling, and lowering, and the improvements relate, firstly, to
obtaining variations of power from the hydraulic cylinder or cylinder
of the lifting, hauling, or lowering apparatus. For two powers we take
an ordinary cylinder and ram, the area of the ram, however, being as
much less than. the area of the cylinder as we require the difference

page_text: between the high and low power. This ram is made sufficiently short so
that we can introduce another piston that fits the cylinder water-tight by
packing or other means and which would when the ram was at the in
part of the stroke be at the bottom of the cylinder between the end of
ram and bottom cylinder cover. We then have two admission pipes at
the top and bottom end of the cylinder, so that we can admit the water
under the small ram leaving the piston at the bottom of the cylinder and
exhausting only the cubical contents of the ram in the return stroke by
the pipe at the top end and valve arrangement. When we want to use
the high power we put the water under the loose piston, which then
carries up the ram with it by simply pushing it, thus however producing
a second power.
For three powers we have a single ram and loose piston, the same as
above described, and also another piston filling the cylinder, but with a
solid or hollow ram coming out at the opposite end to the other ram and
made tight by a stuffing box. Whatever area we require for our third
power is made by the difference between the ram and the piston
attached thereto. We can make either top or bottom light or inter-
mediate power.
For further powers we put two double-powered cylinders back to
back, and arrange the valves for admitting fluid to such cylinders and
the other parts of the crane in such manner that fluid under pressure
may be admitted into either cylinder separately or to both cylinders at
once, so that either the high or low power of either cylinder may be used
separately, or the high or low power of one cylinder may be used with
the high or low power of the other cylinder, and thus we can obtain
different powers, say six, which we consider to be the most desirable
number of powers though by the adaptation of the same principle a
greater number of powers may be obtained. For drawing back the rams
we fasten the small cylinder of the returning ram between the pulley
heads or sheave frames; and we fasten the two ends of the chain to the
two pulley cross heads, so that whether one ram or two are sent out
either or both are equally drawn in.
In constructing turning gear for hydraulic cranes we fasten a. radial
piston of the required size on the main pulley of the crane and revolving
with it; this piston or plate is either solid metallic. packed, or as we
prefer a combined brass and leather one; this is encased in a turned
annular cylinder concentric with the main spindle, and by means of a

page_text: fixed partition standing out from the cylinder passing across the annular
space between the cylinder and the spindle, and also by valves or
openings on either side of this partition we can subject either side of
the radial piston to pressure and thus turn the crane as we require.. If
preferred the apparatus can be made separate and be caused to turn the
crane by a chain, band, or other mechanical connection. We can place
this cylinder at any part of the crane main pillar, and can use it for the.
bracket if at top or bottom, and save the other bracket..
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent;.
filed by the said Matthew Turner Shaw and Thomas Howard Head
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 23rd January 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, MATTHEW
TURNER SHAW and THOMAS HOWARD HEAD, both of No. 141, Cannon
Street, in the City of London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of July, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Matthew Turner Shaw and Thomas.
Howard Head, Her special licence that we, the said Matthew Turner.
Shaw and Thomas Howard Head, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said Matthew Turner. Shaw and
Thomas Howard Head, executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and law-.
fully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,.
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC APPARATUS FOR LIFTING,
HAULING, AND LOWERING," upon the condition (amongst others) that we,
the said Matthew Turner Shaw and Thomas Howard Head, our
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our or
their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us or
them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said:
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six

page_text: calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letter
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Matthew Turner Shaw and
Thomas Howard Head, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state
ment thereof, that is to say:
This Invention has for its object improvements in hydraulic apparatus
for lifting, hauling, and lowering; and the improvements relate, firstly,
to obtaining variations of power from the hydraulic cylinder or cylinders
of the lifting, hauling, or lowering apparatus. Fo: two powers we take
an ordinary cylinder and ram, the area of the ram however being
as much less than the area of the cylinder as we require the difference
between the high and low power. This ram is made sufficiently short so
that we can introduce another piston that fits the cylinder water-tight by
packing or other means, and which would when the ram was at the
in part of the stroke be at the bottom of the cylinder between the end
of the ram and bottom cylinder cover. We then have two admission
pipes at the top and bottom end of the cylinder so that we can admit the
water under the small ram, leaving the piston at the bottom of the
cylinder, and exhausting only the central contents of the ram in the
return stroke by the pipe at the top end and valve arrangement. When
we want to use the high power we put the water under the loose piston,
which then carries up the ram with it by simply pushing it, thus
however producing a second power.
This arrangement is shown in plan at Figure 1, and in horizontal
section at Figure 2. a is the eylinder of an hydraulic crane, hoist, or
similar apparatus, and 6 is its ram working through a stuffing box at the
top of the cylinder, and having a cross head with pulleys 6' upon it;
c, c, are firmly fixed guides for steadying the ram and oross heads; a', a',
are pulleys at the end of the cylinder a, around which and the pulleys &
the hoisting and hauling chain is passed as is usual; d is the passage by
which water under pressure is admitted to the cylinder a, or drawn off
from it by the usual valves. When the ram is forced outwards the
hoisting or hauling chain is drawn in and the weight attached to its free
end is raised or moved, and when the ram is allowed to return (being
actuated either by its own weight or o herwise) and chain is given out.
Thus far there is no novelty in the arrangement, except that the cylinder

page_text: is larger in proportion to the ram than is usual. e is a piston fitting
water-tight within the cylinder, and f is another passage beyond this
piston, by which water under pressure may be admitted to and drawn off
from the cylinder a. When the passage f is thus used the passage d is
open, so that the water above or beyond the piston e may be free to flow
out and in and oppose no resistance to the motion of the piston. The
valves in connection with the passage f may be a duplicate of ordinary
valves which are in connection with the passage d. When the water
under pressure is admitted at fit moves the piston e, and the ram
resting upon it partakes of the motion. The power obtained when the
piston is used is greater than that obtained when the water under
pressure is made to act direct on the ram in the proportion that the
area of the piston exceeds that of the ram.
We claim as respects this part of our Invention as an improvement in
hydraulic apparatus for lifting, hauling, and lowering, the use of the
piston e working in the hydraulic cylinder and acting upon the ram so
as to give a second power, as herein described.
For three powers we have a single ram and loose piston, the same as
above-described, and also another piston filling the cylinder, but with a
solid or hollow ram coming out at the opposite end to the other ram, and
made tight by a stuffing box. Whatever area we require for our third
power is made by the difference between the ram and the piston attached
thereto. We can make either top or bottom the light or intermediate
power.
Figure 3 is a longitudial section of an arrangement for giving
three powers; it is similar to the arrangement shown at Figures 1 and 2,
except that here a second piston g is added beyond the first; it has a
ram g' in connection with it, passing out of the cylinder a through a
stuffing box at the end opposite to that at which is the stuffing box for
the ram b. Beneath the piston g a third passage h for the admission
and escape of water to and from the cylinder a is provided, and there is
a third set of valves in connection therewith. When these are used
(the passage d being open) the power obtained corresponds with the
difference in area of the piston 9 and ram 9', which may be either
greater or less than the area of the ram d, but it is preferred that it
should be less, so that by the use of the valves in connection with the
passage the light power may be obtained. The piston acts by

page_text: pushing the ram 6 in the same way as the piston e acts, only in place of
resting directly upon it, it transmits the pressure through the piston e.
We claim as respects this part of our Invention as an improvement
in hydraulic apparatus for lifting, hauling, and lowering, the use of a
piston and a combined piston and ram working in the hydraulic
cylinder, and acting on the ram so as to give a second and third powers,
as herein described.
For further powers we put two double-powered cylinders (such as
that shown at Figures 1 and 2) back to back, providing suitable passages
and valves for each of the powers. For drawing back the main rams
we employ a smaller cylinder and ram, which we mount between the
heads or sheave frames of the main rams. The returning chain is passed
around the pulleys of the smaller cylinder and ram, and at its two ends
it is attached to the heads or sheave frames of the main rams, so that
whether one or other be sent out it is drawn back by the action of the
chain. Such an arrangement is shown in plan at Figure 4, and in
longitudinal section at Figure 5.
It will be observed that, as represented in the Drawing, the two
cylinders are of the same diameter, but the power obtained from them
when the whole areas are used by working with the pistons will vary
as 2 to 3, as the ram of one cylinder acts on three pulleys and con-
volutions of the chain, whilst that of the other acts on two; one of these
however are not essential conditions.
We claim as respects this part of our Invention as improvements in
hydraulic apparatus for lifting, hauling, and lowering, the constructing
an apparatus having four powers by the use of two cylinders placed
back to back, and each yielding two powers by means of a piston and
a ram, as herein described.
Also the use to return either of two rams working in opposite
directions of a single returning cylinder and ram, around the pulleys of
which a chain connected with the two main rams is passed, as herein
described.
In constructing turning gear for hydraulic cranes we fasten a radial
piston of the requisite size on the main pillar of the crane, and revolving
with it. This piston or plate is enclosed in a turned annular cylinder
concentric with the main spindle, and by means of a fixed partition

page_text: standing out from the cylinder passing across the annular space between
the cylinder and the spindle, and also by valves or openings on either
side of this partition. We can subject either side of the radial piston
to pressure, and thus turn the crane as we require. If preferred, the
apparatus can be made separate, and be caused to turn the crane by a
chain, band, or other mechanical connection. We can place this
cylinder at any part of the crane main pillar, and can use it for the
bracket if at top or bottom, and save the other bracket.
Figure 6 is a vertical section of this arrangement. a is a cylinder
forming part of a bracket for supporting the crane post at its upper end.
It has a stuffing box at either end of it, through which the sleeve b
which is keyed upon the crane post or main pillar of the crane passes.
This cylinder is shown in plan at Figure 7, the cover or moveable end
being removed. 6' is a piston on this sleeve, which is packed so as to
fit water-tight both to the circumference and to the ends of the cylinder
by means of two brass plates on each side, which are fitted so as just
to work freely in the space. A piece of leather is placed between the
plates of each pair, and the whole is drawn together by a bolt, as is
shown, so as to expand the leather sufficiently to render the joint
perfectly tight. d is a partition fixed in the cylinder, and similarly
packed to fit water-tight; e, e, are passages for admitting water under
pressure to the cylinder a on either side of the partition d; they may
pass to an ordinary slide valve, by means of which either may be put
in connection with the pressure whilst the other is opened, so that the
water on its side of the partition may escape by it, and that the un-
balanced pressure on the piston may turn the crane in the direction
required. f is a tie bar passing from the crane post near its upper end
to the top of the jib which carries the pulley from which the chain
descends to the load.
In place of mounting the radial piston directly on the crane post, as
described, it may, as is evident, be mounted on a separate axis put in
connection with the crane post by suitable gearing or connections.
We claim as respects this part of our Invention as an improvement in

page_text: working in a cylinder to which water or liquid under pressure is admitted
to turn the crane post or pillar as desired.
In witness whereof, we, the said Matthew Turner Shaw and
Thomas Howard Head, have hereunto set our hands and seals,
this Twenty-third day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
MATT. T. SHAW.
(L.S.)
THO. HOWARD HEAD. (L.S.)