matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE APPARATUS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Imray at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 28th April 1879. A communication from abroad
by François Charles Zapfle, of Paris, France.
_JOHN IMRAY, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE APPARATUS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES." [A com-
munication from abroad by François Charles Zapfle, of Paris, France.]
The
This Invention relates to portable apparatus for extinguishing fires.
apparatus consists of a cylindrical vessel of sheet metal, such as zinc, tin plate, or
galvanized iron, closed at the top, through which is inserted a hand pump extending
down nearly to the bottom of the vessel. The piston rod of the pump terminates
in a handle at a convenient height for a man to work it. At the bottom of the
vessel close by the side of the pump there is formed a recess into which the operator
inserts his foot, by the pressure of which he holds the vessel steady while he pumps.
At the top of the vessel thero is a charging hole fitted with a screw cap. Through
this hole the vessel is charged with a composition which can remain in the vessel
ready for use when required without undergoing change and without corroding the
vessel. A composition for this purpose is prepared in the following manner:-
Chalk is treated to saturation with hydrochloric acid, and a little alum and borax
are added. This compound is mixed with about three times its volume of water,
and the vessel is charged with the mixture. The apparatus is made of such size
that when charged it can be readily carried by a bow handle to the neighbourhood
of the place where fire breaks out. The discharge pipe of the pump terminates in
a piece of flexible tube with a nozzle, which the operator can direct with his left
hand while he works the pump with his right hand and presses with his foot in the
recess at the bottom of the vessel so as to steady it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HAND STRAPS FOR RUGS AND SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th August 1879. A communication from
Ferdinand Bode, of Pressburg, in the Empire of Austria.
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Solicitors, at
Frankfort on the Main, in the Empire of Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HAND
STRAPS FOR RUGS AND SIMILAR ARTICLES." [A communication from Ferdinand
Bode, of Pressburg, in the Empire of Austria.]
This Invention relates to certain improvements in hand straps for rugs and like
articles, whereby such articles can either be carried in the hand or suspended over
the shoulder, and consists of a strap made of one piece of leather or other suitable
inaterial without sewing. The strap is punched with suitable holes and provided
with a buckle at each end of construction hereinafter described, and attachable to
the strap without any sewing whatever. The buckle consists of a double loop with
a central tongue, having its axis on a bar which divides the buckle. The buckles
are threaded on the strap, one at each end, the strap coming through one loop
over the central bar and out through the other loop, the tongue of the buckle
passing through one of the pierced holes in the strap. The ends of the strap are
then doubled over to form a loop at each end of the strap. The said ends are then
passed back through the respective buckles.
By thus constructing rug straps by placing the buckles near together, the strap
can be used as a hand strap. By increasing the distance between the buckles the
strap can be used to hang over the shoulder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Collieu at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th November 1879.
THOMAS COLLIEU, of Moor Lane, in the City of London, Umbrella Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS."
The object of this Invention is to dispense with the catches now used to hold
umbrellas and parasols in the open or closed positions, and also to obviate the
necessity for using tip cups or rings of india rubber to press the tips of the ribs
against the stick.
In carrying out my Invention I make the wheel of the runner solid with lugs or
projections thereon. These lugs are notched to receive the ends of the stretchers,
which are secured thereto by pins. In rear of each of these notches is a flat
spring, which may be secured in any convenient manner to the runner.
The ends of the stretchers are made square, and against these square ends the
springs bear, and they act on the stretchers in a manner similar to the springs of a
pocket knife upon the blades; thus when the umbrella is open, the square ends of
the stretchers will lie flat against the springs, and the stretchers will be retained
thereby in their open position without the use of catches. In like manner the
springs bearing against the flattened upper edge of the stretcher will tend to draw
the stretchers towards the stick, and thus press the tips of the ribs inwards, and
assist in closing the umbrella.
The springs I prefer to stamp out of a flat piece of steel, which is then bent into
a circular form on a mandril, and placed inside the runner, the spring of the
metal being sufficient to retain it in its proper position inside the runner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR MANIPULATING, SCREENING, AND SORTING COAL AND OTHER ROUGH MINERALS AS THEY ARE BROUGHT TO BANK
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Haydock at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th August 1879.
WILLIAM HAYDOCK, of Wigan, in the County of Lancaster. IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR MANIPULATING, SCREENING, AND SORTING COAL
AND OTHER ROUGH MINERALS AS THEY ARE BROUGHT TO BANK."
"
This Invention consists in a new or improved table arrangement to assist the
pickers and the screening of the coal, and divide the various qualities from each
other, and deliver them with as little hand labour as possible into their respective
waggons.
I construct one or more tables or pairs of tables, preferably all driven by shafts
from the same engine but each capable of being thrown into or out of gear inde-
pendently. Each table where cannel and other coal have to be sorted apart, has
a raised portion in the centre for cannel..
The rough coal slides down the screen bars onto the upper table which is per-
forated to let small stuff fall onto an unperforated table below.
The pickers stand round and throw the pieces of cannel to the centre and
otherwise sort, while the tables slowly revolve.
At one or more points on each table is a movable scraper that can be arranged to
scrape a part or the whole of the lower surface of each table and scrape the coal
into the respective waggons on each side.
When the cannel space is nearly full, the table is cleared of other coal and the
cannel scraped off the centre by the same or another scraped into its waggon.
There are lines of rails if desirable on both sides and below the tables, and a
pair of tables can be placed on both sides of the engine or on both sides of each
end of the line shaft.
My present experimental table is unperforated, and a single table, and for some
coals this suffices, but I prefer the double table so as to assist the screens by
taking out the remaining small coal.
Sometimes instead of or as well as the raised central portion of the table, I have a
central hole to throw down any portion of material, such as stones, dirt, etcetra.
The tables are supported and driven in any of the numerous ways now used for
turn tables as may be found most convenient.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TRACTION ENGINES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Papworth Parsons at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd August 1879.
RICHARD PAPWORTH PARSONS, of Elsworth, in the County of Cambridge.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TRACTION ENGINES."
This Invention consists in improvements in the construction of traction engines,
whereby the mechanism for driving the same is greatly simplified, and consequently
the cost thereof and the liability to get out of order, as compared with machines of
ordinary construction, are greatly reduced.
-On
In machines as ordinarily constructed, the necessary power is transmitted to the
driving wheels through the medium of a multiplicity of intermediate mechanism,
which owing to the complicated nature thereof, is very liable to become injured or
to get out of order, and also tends greatly to increase the weight of the machines.
In order to overcome these disadvantages I propose by this Invention to obviate
the necessity for such intermediate mechanism, or a great part thereof, and also to
strengthen and to reduce the weight of the machines by the following means :—
the axle of the driving wheels, and between the latter, is mounted a wheel or disc
of suitable diameter, the periphery of which is provided with a series of grooves or
teeth which gear into a worm thread on a horizontal shaft. The said shaft is
mounted in suitable bearings and is caused to revolve by the direct action on a
crank of a connecting rod or rods connected to the piston or pistons of one or more
steam cylinders, or by any other suitable and known means, whereby the desired
rotary motion is transmitted to the axle of the driving wheels in a thoroughly efficient
manner, without the employment of any complicated arrangement of intermediate
gear.
In order to facilitate the reversing or stopping of the machine, it is preferred
that the driving wheels be mounted loosely on the shaft, suitable clutch arrangements
being provided for throwing them, either independently or simultaneously, into or
out of gear with the latter. This last arrangement also tends, when the machine
has three wheels only, to facilitate the turning of the same, as it admits of one
wheel only being thrown out of gear, in which case such wheel would act as a
pivot around which the machine would be turned by the action of the other
wheel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INCREASING AND DIFFUSING ALL KINDS OF ARTIFICIAL LIGHT
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Young and John Freeman
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th January 1879.
FREDERICK YOUNG, of No. 40, Fleet Street, in the City of London, and JOHN
FREEMAN, of Canonbury, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR INCREASING AND DIFFUSING ALL KINDS OF ARTIFICIAL LIGHT."
The object of this Invention is increasing and diffusing artificial light of all kinds
by the aid of closely arranged bulbous glass bodies, such as "bulls-eyes" fitted in a
frame in proximity to the flame, whereby the rays of light are concentrated and
diffused to a greater extent than by any known apparatus, the tangent rays
crossing the paths of each other and increasing the intensity of the light without
destroying its softness.
In carrying our Invention into practice we mount a series of glass bulbs or bulls-
eyes in a frame in a vertical or zig zag manner, and fix the frame close to the
flame. The frame may be in sections capable of being joined or otherwise attached,
this being carried by a "gallery" or other support as found convenient. The bulls
eyes are preferably of small diameter and moulded in numbers in one body of glass,
which is fitted in a frame, or they may be cemented at their edges as to form a
shield or casing around the flame, which may be an open one, such as a
"bat's
wing" or fish tail, or an argand" provided with a chimney, close to the outside of
which our diffuser of the light may be arranged.
"
Our apparatus may be formed with any number of sides, so that the light may
be concentrated and diffused from many angles.
In the case of street and other like lamps the side frames, whether of square or
other shape, may be filled in with our glass bulbs that the rays of concentrated light
may be thrown off or diffused in all directions.
Reflectors may be fitted to the upper part of our light diffusing apparatus or to
an additional frame to throw down the light-that would otherwise escape at that
part into the apparatus to increase the brilliancy therein, this being taken up by
the bulbs and diffused by them.
In the foregoing description we refer more particularly to gas lamps or burners,
but our Invention is applicable to oil and other lamps, and also for the diffusion of
electric light.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL MANURE, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Barnish at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th July 1879.
SAMUEL BARNISH, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL
MANURE, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
This apparatus is. designed principally for crushing and pulverizing masses or
cakes of dried excreta or other refuse of towns, and at the same time to separate
therefrom stones, nails, and other pieces of metal, broken glass, or earthenware, or
other extraneous substances, but it may also be used for breaking up and pulverizing
other masses of dried materials, such as clay, mortar, or concrete (for example), and
for other purposes.
The apparatus in its general construction resembles a mortar grinding mill, being
provided with a revolving pan and two edge runners made of hollow metal.
The revolving pan is perforated all over the bottom, and the bearings which
support the edge runners are suspended by rods from a frame above, the upper ends
of the suspending rods being supported by springs of india rubber or metal, and
provided with screws so that they can be set nearer to or further from the bottom
of the pan, according to the nature of the material under operation.
The edge runners are made sufficiently heavy to crush or pulverize the masses
of dried excreta or other refuse, but not to grind or pulverize any harder substances.
Small stones, nails, and pieces of broken earthenware or glass will be passed over
entirely, as the runners do not touch the bottom of the pan, but when a larger stone
or other hard substance meets the runners the latter are raised upwards thereby,
so as to pass over it, and the springs prevent any injurious shock as the runners
fall to their original level again.
In order to prevent the mass from being rolled into a flat cake, and to break it
up thoroughly, I attach to the frame between the runners and the central vertical
shaft a series of plough shares or scrapers, which break up the material, prevent it
from "caking," and constantly turn it under the runners as the pan revolves.
The pulverized material falls out through the perforations in the bottom of the
pan, and the stones, nails, or other pieces of metal, broken glass, or earthenware can
be removed from time to time as they accumulate in the pan.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING OF HEATING AND OTHER FURNACES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Hampton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th May 1879.
THOMAS HAMPTON, of Coatbridge, in the County of Lanark, North Britain.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING OF HEATING AND OTHER
FURNACES."
The said Invention relates to improvements in the construction and working of
heating and other furnaces, and has for its objects to keep cool the bottom and sides
of the said furnaces, and thereby prevent the melting or wasting of the material of
the said bottom and sides, and at the same time placing the heating of the furnaces
or any part thereof under ready control and capable of being maintained at a
uniform heat. To effect this the bottom and sides of the furnace are formed of
sectional or divisional chambers, and into these chambers steam or cool air, or both,
is or are admitted through pipes or inlets so arranged that the admission may be to
all or any of the chambers at any time, and under the control of the person in
charge of the furnaces, so that by admitting steam or air, or both, to any or all of
the said chambers formed in the bottom or sides of the furnaces, he can lower
or regulate the heat of the whole or any particular part or parts of the furnaces,
and therefore cool or regulate the heat of any part or all of the charge of the
furnaces.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SLABS, PANELS, OR TILES FOR CABINET AND OTHER DECORATIVE PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Gittins Powell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th June 1879.
ROBERT GITTINS POWELL, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Tile
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SLABS, PANELS, OR
TILES FOR CABINET AND OTHER DECORATIVE PURPOSES."
Great difficulty has heretofore been experienced in making tiles, slabs, or panels
for decorative purposes in sufficient lengths, though could this be done cheaply and
effectively, they would be much superior in beauty and value to the ordinary
square tiles placed side by side, and showing the objectionable joinings. The cause
of the difficulty is the immense waste of material and often expensive labour of
decorating long pieces by warping and cracking in the firing.
I use plate glass with the required design engraved, moulded, or sunk in by
means of acids. This forms the bed to work upon, and I proceed to cast suitable
cement on (in a semi-fluid state), such as that known as "Keene's," Portland, Parian,
or like cements.
The cement while still soft is smoothed down by trowel or otherwise on its upper
surface. If desired a finer cement can be used for the facing, and coarser and
cheaper cement for a backing, run on when the first is partially eet. When these
articles are set and turned up I decorate them in colours at pleasure.
For printing purposes I prefer to use india rubber stamps made the full size of
the slab to be printed, to mount this on a cylindrical drum and ink it by running
the inking pad or roller in contact with it, and afterwards the slab itself is run in
contact with it.
Colour may be used at pleasure, mixed with the cements. In some kinds of the .
slabs I may apply views and other objects by hand painting, photography, printing,
etcetera. The whole of these processes I complete by coating the tiles, slabs, or
panels with a varnish or enamel, preferably with dial enamel, subjected to a certain
degree of heat.
My long slabs or tiles, prepared by either processes, will be found particularly
applicable to such purposes as wash-hand-stand panels or backs, inantel pieces,.
flower boxes, and such like decorative purposes.
•
APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING THE WIND AND DUST PASSING UNDER DOORS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Newton Worssam at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th November 1879.
WALTER NEWTON WORSSAM, of Stoke Newington Iron Works, 3, Barrett's
"IMPROVED
Grove, Stoke Newington, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer.
APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING THE WIND AND DUST PASSING UNDER DOORS."
In describing this Invention I use a strip of wood, metal, or other substance the
full width of a door, and of such width that it can be conveniently fastened, and
I fix on the face of one side of this with nails a strip of india rubber projecting
in the width, and to make this secure I use a band of metal of sufficient strength
to fasten the india rubber tight; this I fasten on with nails or screws through the
india rubber into the wood, metal, or other substance. In describing the appli-
cation of this Invention and the method pursued by me for performing the same I
fasten it on the face of a door just above the bottom with nails or screws, the
india rubber being away from the door the thickness of the wood, metal, or other
substance, and extending to the floor, so that when the door is being moved it
touches the floor slightly and passes under the strip of wood, metal, or other
substance and not under the door, and when shut excludes the wind and dust.
Having described the nature of the Invention, and the means pursued by me
for performing the same, I wish it to be particularly understood that I claim, the
india rubber standing away from the face of the door by means of the strip
of wood, metal, or other substance, and extending to the floor as a means of
preventing the india rubber being damaged by entering under the door, and for
excluding the wind and dust.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO BERTHS OR COTS FOR USE ON SHIPBOARD AND IN OTHER PLACES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Gillies at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th May 1879.
ROBERT GILLIES, of the Office for Patents, 323, High Holborn, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO BERTHS OR COTS FOR USE
ON SHIPBOARD AND IN OTHER PLACES."
This Invention relates to swinging cots and other berths on board ship, especially
steerage berths, which have to be taken down and stowed away.
It consists in making a cot with bottom, sides, ends, and pillow all cut out of the
same piece of sailcloth, canvas, or other flexible material.
This is supported by stout tubular laths formed of iron or other metal rolled or
drawn with a longitudinal slit. Into this the cloth is looped and held by a rod
slipped inside the loop. Other forms of lath can be used, but the cloth must be
firmly attached to them. The pillow is formed by the head end of the cot being
turned back and attached at each side to the upper side laths.
These cots are suspended by the head and foot to the deck above or other
suspension points. Each cot is independent of the surrounding ones, and each can
be hoisted up to the deck above and tied there, or otherwise fixed. To assist this
the vertical supports of the cot can, if desirable, be made to slip out and in, but are
tied to the cot so that the cot when hoisted up will lie flat against the deck beams.
A series of these can be placed in a row in steerages as usual, and if desirable can
be attached to vertical stanchions at head and foot, and the stanchions themselves
can be suspended from the deck overhead, and if desirable made to hook up, and
thus lock the cots.
When the cots are separately suspended, and sometimes in other cases, I prefer as
a rule to do without the upper rail, and have low side boards or a frame work to
support the pillow jointed so as to be able to lie flat when hauled up. A rope or
ropes passing underneath each cot are used for hauling them up to the deck, or in
some cases their own suspension ropes can be used instead.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COLLAR, AND CUFF, AND OTHER DRESS FASTENERS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Wright at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th September 1879.
ALFRED WRIGHT, of the Firm of Smith and Wright, of Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Manufacturers, "IMPROVEMENTS IN COLLAR, AND CUFF, AND
OTHER DRESS FASTENERS."
My Invention relates to collar and cuff and other dress fasteners, which consist
essentially of a body to which an ornamental figure is generally given and an arm
jointed at one end to the back of the said body, the other end of the arm being
capable of engaging with the back of the body at a point opposite to that at which
the joint is situated; and my said Invention consists in constructing and arranging
the parts of the said dress fasteners substantially in the following manner :-
Instead of jointing the arm directly to the back of the body I joint it to a link,
which link is jointed to the back of the body. The other or unjointed end of the
arm engages in an undercut recess made in the back of the body at a point opposite
to that at which the link is jointed. The combined lengths of the arm and link
somewhat exceed the distance between the joint on the body and the undercut
recess opposite to it, so that when the free end of the arm is introduced into the
recess the arm and link make a small angle with each other. By pressing the
joint end of the arm towards the body, the elasticity of the arm causes it to change
figure sufficiently to permit the link to be pressed beyond a right line between the
body joint and the recess. The elasticity of the arm reacting on the link forces it,
as soon as it has passed the neutral position, to snap against the back of the
fastener. In this position of the link the free end of the arm is pressed tightly in
the recess in which it is engaged.
In using the fastener, the arm disengaged from the recess is passed through the
parts of the dress to be connected, its free end is introduced into the recess and the
joint end of the arm is pressed towards the back of the fastener. The change of
the position of the link already described secures the free end of the arm in the
recess. In order to unfasten the fastener, the joint end of the arm is raised from
the back of the body, when the link passing the neutral position hereinbefore
referred to, the free end of the arm is no longer pressed into the recess and the arm
may be raised and withdrawn from the parts of the dress which had been
connected.
A NEW OR IMPROVED SAFETY HOOK FOR HARNESS AND OTHER PURPOSES.
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Guy Wilson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st January 1879. A communication
from abroad by Wendes and Company, of Greiffenberg, Silesia, in the Empire
of Germany.
JOHN GUY WILSON, of the Office for British & Foreign Patents, 71, Market
Street, in the City of Manchester, Mechanical Engineer and Patent Agent. "A
NEW OR IMPROVED SAFETY HOOK FOR HARNESS AND OTHER PURPOSES.'
A com-
munication from abroad by Wendes and Company, of Greiffenberg, Silesia, in the
Empire of Germany.
The object of this Invention is the construction of an improved safety-hook for
harness or other purposes, which shall be effectually locked when in position, so
that it is impossible for the hook to come unfastened when in use.
The improvement consists in forming a book with a spring latch at one side, the
latch being hinged and opening inwards.
This latch is forced into the closed position by a spiral or other spring contained
in a recess in the boss of the hook acting upon a cam or projection upon the latch.
The boss of the hook is suitably prepared for connecting to the leather traces or to
chains or otherwise, according to the purpose to which it is applied.
In using this improved hook the latch is pressed inwards to get the hook upon
the loop or eye, and by returning to its closed position effectually prevents the hook
becoming detached from the loop, except at the will of the operator.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PANS FOR CONCENTRATING CAUSTIC ALKALIES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Mactear at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st November 1879.
JAMES MACTEAR, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Chemist.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PANS FOR CONCENTRATING CAUSTIC ALKALIES."
This Invention has for its object to reduce the expenditure for repairs and
renewals hitherto found considerable and unavoidable with the pans ordinarily used
for concentrating caustic alkalies.
The Invention consists in making the pan of steel plates, specially adapted and
arranged so that the joints are as few as possible and in positions where they are
less liable than in ordinary pans to the injurious action of heat with which it has
hitherto been so difficult to contend. A pan of the improved construction is of an
approximately rectangular form in plan with short vertical sides and with a curved
bottom. The bottom of the pan is on its underside made concave along its middle
part from end to end, the lateral portions being convex. A single plate or sheet of
steel (which in a preferred size of pan will be about 12 feet long by 6 feet broad)
forms the entire concave part of the bottom, and is united by rivetted joints to
other plates or sheets forming the lateral convex parts of the bottom and the vertical
sides. The longitudinal rivetted joints of the bottom are protected by the brick-
work supporting the pan, and neither these joints nor the others are acted on by
the intenser portions of the flames or heating gases.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edwards at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th August 1879.
JOHN EDWARDS, of 21, Cassland Road, South Hackney, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS."
My improvements consist in making what are termed self closing locks, as
follows:-
I form the main bolt with a hollow centre, and in this hollow I put the follower
which works the main bolt. I form a suitable loose, piece with bars, and on these
bars I put the springs for forcing out the bolt. A side catch is formed on the side of
the lock, and as the main bolt is forced in this side catch is made to pass in front
of a part of the main bolt and hold it back until the door is shut; the side catch is
then forced in by coming in contact with the rachet of the jamb or other
projection, and the main bolt is liberated. I sometimes form the handles of self
closing locks with a suitable projecting arm, making this projecting arm to fall on a
stop formed on the face plate of the lock to prevent undue wear of the spindle in
closing the lock. I also sometimes form the spindle tapering where it works the
lock, and on the nut end of such spindle I put a tube and make the nut to screw
against this tube, thus allowing the spindle to be drawn in as wear takes place, thus
keeping the spindle tight, also in making locks dust proof, to prevent dust or
grit getting in and chocking the works. I make the tongue of such locks in the
form of a quadrant, so that as the tongue is forced out to fasten the door the
slot through which the tongue works is always filled up, thus preventing any dust
or grit getting into the lock; also in forming self acting locks with a step on the
upper part of the bolt; into this step a bar of iron drops holding back the bolt,
which bar is lifted out of the step by suitable mechanism as the door shuts.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PIPES FOR CONVEYING WATER
Year: 1879

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Washington Lyon at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th December 1879.
WASHINGTON LYON, of 85, Asylum Road, Peckham, in the County of Surrey.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PIPES FOR CONVEYING WATER."
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of pipes, whether of
lead or iron, for conveying water, whereby the same are protected from injury by
the expansion which occurs on the freezing of the water contained therein.
A certain length of the pipe is provided with one or more perforations or
apertures and an india rubber tube is passed over that portion of the pipe, so that
when the water contained therein is in process of being frozen, the expansion
thereof instead of acting on the metal pipe causes a certain amount of water to be
forced through the said perforations or apertures, and such water is then contained
by the india rubber tube which forces the same back again into the pipe when the
ice is melted. In practice it will be found convenient to have small sections of pipe
perforated or provided with apertures and covered by an india rubber tube
extending about a foot beyond each end, so that it may be applied to any length
of pipe by cutting from the latter a section of similar length, and then passing
the projecting ends of the india rubber tube over the ends of the pipe so cut.
AN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING IN RAILWAY CARRIAGES THE NAMES OF STATIONS AT WHICH A TRAIN WILL ARRIVE, AND FOR CALLING ATTENTION TO THE ARRIVAL OF THE TRAIN AT ANY PARTICULAR STATION
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Murray Rogers at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd July 1879.
FRANCIS MURRAY ROGERS, Engineer, 29, Moorgate Station Buildings, London,
EC. "AN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING IN RAILWAY CARRIAGES THE NAMES OF
STATIONS AT WHICH A TRAIN WILL ARRIVE, AND FOR CALLING ATTENTION TO THE
ARRIVAL OF THE TRAIN AT ANY PARTICULAR STATION."
Under the existing system, railway passengers are dependent upon their being
able to see the name of the railway station, or upon their hearing it when called
out by the official. The station indicator for railway carriages informs the
passengers of the name of the station before the train enters it, and if desired
at the will of the passenger, it will draw attention to any particular station by
sounding a bell or alarum. I prefer to use a dial with pointer or a drum or roller
upon which the names of the stations or the numbers expressing the names of the
stations are painted or made apparent. By means of an electro-magnet per-
manent or polarized magnet a. wheel or detent attached to the pointer or drum
is caused to move forward or backward one step when a current is sent through
the wire, connecting the various indicators with the guard's van, in which is placed
an ordinary key or automatic current sender so arranged as to actuate the indicator
when entering a station.. To indicate any special station by the alarum, I use an
electric bell, single stroke or continuous, which is connected with a series of pins
ranged round or about the indicator; when all the pins are pulled out, the bell does
not ring, but on pressing in the pin marked with the name or number of the station
or opposite to it, the bell is caused to ring when the station is reached. Having
described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner of carrying the same
into effect, I would have it understood that what I claim is,-
1. The application of electricity to the indicating of railway stations by the
means and in the manner set forth.
2. The use for this purpose of electro-magnets, permanent magnets, rotating
permanent or rotating electro magnets, or induced magnets
3. Induced or reversed or direct currents of electricity, obtained from a battery
or by friction or induction.
4. The use of a pointer, dial, drum or dropping indicator or roller.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOK MARKS OR TAGS FOR REFERENCE, OR FOR TURNING OVER LEAVES OF MUSIC
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Evans and Thomas Joseph
Evans at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th September
1879.
ALFRED EVANS and Thomas Joseph Evans, both of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOK MARKS OR TAGS FOR REFERENCE, OR FOR
TURNING OVER LEAVES OF MUSIC."
This Invention consists in a spring book mark or tag, that powerfully grasps the
paper without injuring it and yet lies in small compass.
It consists of two thin plates preferably roughened on their interior surface, or
edges which are pressed together by a spring, and grasp the paper as in a vice. In
appearance it resembles the spring clothes' pins and when in place the spring acts
as a handle, and alone projects.
This apparatus can be used either as a book mark or as a tag for turning over
the leaves of music, and differs from others in that, while easily grasped so as to be
available to instantly refer to, it cannot be abstracted or fall out without the
forcible pulling apart of the jaws, while at the same time, the parts projecting into
the book (being merely thin metallic plates) offer no obstruction. One plate is
preferably ornamental and formed like a hand to point to the place, but we do not
claim the sole use of a hand for this purpose. The accompanying sketches show
the apparatus as we now manufacture it.
AN IMPROVED BUCKLE OR CLASP FOR BRACES, BELTS, AND OTHER BANDS AND CORDS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philip Jolin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th May 1879.
PHILIP JOLIN, of Holloway, in the County of Middlesex. "AN IMPROVED
BUCKLE OR CLASP FOR BRACES, BELTS, AND OTHER BANDS AND CORDS."
My Invention relates to a self securing buckle or clasp for retaining cords or
bands for various purposes, and particularly for adjusting the length of the cord by
which ladies' dress holders are suspended, it being simply necessary to draw the
cord upwards through the buckle or clasp to the desired point, whereupon it is
automatically secured by the weight upon the cord itself. The buckle or clasp
consists of a fixed and a movable part, and the cord or band passes over an edge on
the fixed part, and under an edge on the movable part (or vice versa), in such a
way that tension on the cord in one direction draws the movable parts towards the
fixed part, so as to nip and hold the cord or band between them, whilst tension in
the opposite direction separates them and releases the cord or band.
The edges over which the cord or band passes when at their least distance apart
are rather closer together than the thickness of the cord or band, which is thus
nipped between them with sufficient force to hold it under a moderate strain. The
fixed part of the buckle or clasp may be a wire frame, and the nipping edge over
which the cord passes may be a cross bar of said frame, which may be V shaped or
curved to obtain a better hold of a round cord; and the movable part may be also
made of wire loop shaped for the cord to pass through it, and hinged to the
movable part.
Or the two parts may be metal plates with holes through them for
the cord to pass through, and hinged together as before.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF DRIVING AND REVERSING GEAR FOR WASHING, WRINGING, AND MANGLING MACHINES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Taylor at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th March 1880.
EDWARD TAYLOR (of the Firm of Thomas and Taylor), of Salford, in the County
of Lancaster, and Stockport, in the County of Chester. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF DRIVING AND REVERSING GEAR FOR WASHING, WRINGING,
AND MANGLING MACHINES."
This Invention relates to such washing, wringing, and mangling machines as
are driven by steam or other motive power, and consists principally in an arrange-
ment of mechanism whereby the box or tub is caused to change the direction of its
revolution every three (or other desired number of) turns, whilst the driving pulley
keeps continually revolving in the same direction.
The driving or strap pulley is mounted so as to revolve loosely between two fixed
collars on the main driving shaft, its inner rim being turned slightly conical. On
one side (say, the right hand) is a corresponding conical disc cast with a long boss
or sleeve, on the other end of which is cast a spur wheel.
*
This is also mounted loosely on the main driving shaft and is capable of sliding
so as to place its cone in gear or out of gear with the strap pulley. The spur wheel
cast with or attached to this sleeve drives (by means of a carrier wheel) a similar
spur wheel on one end of an inclined shaft, at the other end of which is fixed a
pinion taking into and driving a'mangle wheel keyed onto a short shaft or spindle.
Attached to the mangle wheel (or keyed on the same short shaft) is a spur wheel
driving a spur pinion keyed on the axis of the box or tub.
Hence, it will be evident that when this right hand cone is in gear with the
driving pulley the box or tub (being driven by the mangle wheel and pinion) will
keep constantly changing the direction of its revolution making alternately (say)
three turns in each direction.
A similar sleeve and conical disc is placed also on the other (or left hand) side of
the driving pulley, but this is mounted on a feather or key, so that it can slide
longitudinally, but when in gear with the strap pulley it will cause the main shaft
to revolve with it. At the inner end of the main driving shaft is keyed a spur
pinion gearing with a spur wheel keyed on the axis of one of the wringing or
-mangling rollers..

page_text: The two conical discs are so connected with each other that they move together
so that as one is thrown into gear with the strap pulley the other one is moved out
of gear with it. They are moved by a lever or a screw (the latter by preference)
and when in the intermediate position, both cones will be cut of gear, and
the machine will be at rest, the strap pulley still revolving but without com-
municating any motion to the washing box or tub, or to the wringing and
mangling rollers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO MAGNETIC APPARATUS OR MACHINERY FOR SEPARATING IRON ARTICLES OR PARTICLES FROM WHEAT OR OTHER GRAINS, EITHER WHOLE OR IN THEIR VARIOUS STAGES OF REDUCTION, FLOUR, AND OTHER LIKE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Theodore Mattock Clarke at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th December 1880.
THEODORE MATTOCK CLARKE, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster..
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO MAGNETIC APPARATUS OR MACHINERY
FOR SEPARATING IRON ARTICLES OR PARTICLES FROM WHEAT OR OTHER GRAINS,
EITHER WHOLE OR IN THEIR VARIOUS STAGES OF REDUCTION, FLOUR, AND OTHER
LIKE SUBSTANCES."
This Invention has for its object a magnetic apparatus to separate iron particles,
such as are very apt to be found in grain, or to fall or break off from machines into
the material passing through the mill.
Hitherto the material has been passed over stationary magnets, so that nails and
the like may stick to the magnets while the material to be operated upon
passes on.
It is however found that a collection or sudden rush of wheat or other like
substance is apt to brush off nails and the like from the magnets.
Now by my Invention the magnets are made to rotate, forming parts of a roller
or cylinder, or series of wheels or cylinders, provided with a stationary or movable
scraper or scrapers, brush or brushes, or their mechanical equivalent on the opposite
side to that over which the wheat passes, or fixed in such a manner as to remove
the iron particles from the magnets as they revolve and prevent said particles from
being brought back into the material to be purified.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MODE OF AND MEANS FOR COVERING THE TAP HOLES OF CASKS, AND RENDERING THEM AIR-TIGHT AFTER THE TAP HAS BEEN WITHDRAWN
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Clubb at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd November 1880.
JOHN CLUBB, of Burton-on-Trent, in the County of Stafford. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MODE OF AND MEANS FOR COVERING THE TAP HOLES OF CASKS,
AND RENDERING THEM AIR-TIGHT AFTER THE TAP HAS BEEN WITHDRAWN."
My Invention has for its object the protection of casks from the injury arising
from the admission of atmospheric air, rain water, or other injurious elements
into the cask when empty, and frequently resulting in heavy losses to brewers and
others.
It consists in fixing to the head of the cask, by means of a screw or other suitable
means, a plate of suitable material and shape in such a manner that it may be
turned by hand or otherwise, so as to cover the tap hole of the cask when the tap
is withdrawn.
In order to render the cask air-tight, and to exclude from it rain-water and other
injurious elements, I fix to the said plate a washer of india rubber, cork, felt,
leather, or other suitable material, and of such diameter that it will surround the
tap hole of the cask.
"My Invention will be better understood on referring to the annexed Drawing.
Figure 1 shows a front view of part of the head of a cask with the tap hole covered.
Figure 2 shows a section through the line a, b. The plate A is secured to the head of
the cask by means of the screw B, in such a manner as to allow of its being turned
round upon the screw as a centre. The washer C is rivetted to the said plate, as
shown in Figure 2, or may be fixed to it in any other suitable manner, and air, rain-
water, and other injurious elements are excluded from the cask by the said washer
pressing against the head of the cask around the tap hole D. The tap hole is
uncovered by turning the plate round to the right or left. A washer E of india
rubber or other suitable material is placed upon the screw B under the plate.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SOLES, INSOLES, AND LININGS FOR THE BOTTOMS OF BOOTS, SHOES, SLIPPERS, AND CRICKETTING SANDALS AND THE LIKE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Howard Busby Fox at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th April 1880.
HOWARD BUSBY Fox, of Oxton, in the County of Chester.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN SOLES, INSOLES, AND LININGS FOR THE BOTTOMS OF BOOTS, SHOES, SLIPPERS, AND
CRICKETTING SANDALS AND THE LIKE"
This Invention consists in making the insoles or linings of boots and shoes and
slippers, and the soles of lawn tennis and cricketting shoes of cork composition and
the like, spread on and incorporated with canvas (or other suitable backing.) For
soles I make the material with the composition on both sides, the backing preferably
smooth on one side, and rigid on the other. For insoles or linings I make it as
thin as possible. The material is made in the web, like floor cloth, and is cut to
shape afterwards. I do not confine myself to cork composition as any of the well
known waterproof or nearly waterproof, tough, and elastic compositions that are
not easily decomposed by damp or grease, will do. This differs from leather in
that it is waterproof, and is not rotted by the perspiration of the foot; from cork
soles in that it takes up very much less space, will not crack, need not be covered,
and is much cheaper. Indeed, for insoles or linings, I make it so thin as to occupy
very little space. Its advantages are that it protects the foot from damp, lasts a
very long time, is very cheap, and being smooth saves the stockings from wearing
into holes. As some of these materials smell disagreeably I disinfect them with
deodorizers before cutting into shape.
A NEW OR IMPROVED '. 'PROCESS FOR MECHANICALLY INCORPORATING INDIA-RUBBER WITH HYDRO- CARBON OILS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki, of the Firm of
J. Brandt and G. W. von Nawrocki, Patent Agents, of 124, Leipzigerstrasse,
Berlin, in the Empire of Germany, for an Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED
'. 'PROCESS FOR MECHANICALLY INCORPORATING INDIA-RUBBER WITH HYDRO-
CARBON OILS." A communication from Ludwig Beckers, Doctor of Philosophy,
of Spandau, in the Empire of Germany.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von
Nawrocki at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th June
-1880:"
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W.
von Nawrocki, Patent Agents, of 124, Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin,, in the Empire of
Germany. "A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS FOR MECHANICALLY, INCORPORATING
INDIA RUBBER WITH HYDRO CARBON OILS." A communication from Ludwig
Beckers, Doctor of Philosophy, of Spandau, in the Empire of Germany.
The Invention consists in a process or method of mechanically incorporating
india rubber with heavy hydro carbon oils, that is to say, hydro carbon oils having
a high boiling point, and is performed as follows:-The incorporation of the india
rubber with the heavy hydro carbon oils is effected by means of an oil obtained by
distilling the crude oils derived from the dry distillation of lignites, peat, or other
bituminous materials, and condensing and collecting the oils which pass over at a
temperature of from 250 to 300 degrees centigrade. Small pieces of india rubber,
which may be obtained by rolling rubber-into a thin sheet and cutting it into
strips, are then added to the so produced oil, preferably by pouring the latter over
the rubber, and the mixture is left to stand in a vessel for about eight days, whereby
the same is transformed into a homogeneous-soft-and-sticky-mass. The rubber-
treated-and-transformed-as-described-is now-capable of being-incorporated with
heavy hydro carbon oils. For this purposo-the mixture obtained in the manner
described is placed in a vessel and stirred with the addition of light colored mineral

page_text: oil (vulcan oil) or other suitable heavy hydro-carbon oil, until a thorough
homogeneous clear and sticky liquid has been produced. In this manner india
rubber may be mechanically incorporated with oil without incurring a subsequent
separation of the components, and thereby a product obtained which combines the
qualities of the heavy hydro carbon oils with those of india rubber.
CLAIM.
The process for mechanically incorporating india rubber with heavy hydro carbon
oils (that is to say, hydro-carbon oils having a high boiling point), substantially as
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki, have 1
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of June, A.D. 1880.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI.
(L.S.)