Improved Heating Apparatus.
Year: 1890

page_text: te of Application, 15th Apr., 1890-Accepted, 24th May, 1890
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Heating Apparatus.
I; HERBERT JOHN. ALLISON, Patent Agent, of 52 Chancery Lane, London, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVED
HEATING APPARATUS, a communication from abroad by Ellis Freeman Edgar,
Engineer, of Woodbridge, in the County of Middlesex and State of New Jersey,
United States of America, to be as follows:-
This invention relates to heating apparatus and consists in the devices and
combinations of devices hereinafter described and claimed, reference, being had to
the accompanying drawings in which :-
Figure 1, is a view partly in vertical section and partly in side elevation, of a
locomotive boiler and furnace constructed to utilize my invention.
Figure 2, represents, in section, a heater embodying the features of my invention;
Figure 3, a cylinder stove, (in section for the greater part) also embodying the
same;
Figure 4, is an upper face view of one of the rings I preferably use to enclose one
side of the fuel space;
Figure 5, is a vertical sectional view on line y, y, figure 4;
Figure 6, is a similar view on line o, o, figure 4;
Figure 7, is a perspective of another cylinder stove, partly in section, embodying
the main features of the invention in a slightly different form;
Figure 8, is a plan view of the disc enclosing the fuel space in the last stove, part
of the surface being broken away to show the interior ;
Figure 9, is a view, partly in section, of a cooking stove containing the invention;
Figure 10, is a view in perspective of one division of the wall used to enclose the
fuel space in said stove ;
Figure 11, is a vertical cross-sectional view on line x, x, figure 10, and
Figure 12, is a similar view on line 2, 2, figure 10.
I have discovered that a great saving of fuel may be effected by burning the same
in a thin layer or sheet, enclosed in a space the walls of which approach to or near the.
fuel and are provided with apertures for draft.
The burning in such case is more complete and the fuel, if coal, more entirely
reduced to ash and, if air is properly introduced, without clinkering; the result being
the production of greater utilizable heat from a given quantity of fuel than has
heretofore been the custom and the apparatus I have devised for so burning fuel, is
the invention 1 here seek to secure by letters patent.
In the heater shown in figure 2, A, is the outer wall, A', is the inner wall and
between them is a hot air space B.
C, is an annular disk, preferably secured to the inner wall, to support parts to be
described. At the inner edge, it is provided with flanges c, c¹, or lugs.
A bar b, rests on flange c, and extends across the annular opening in C. At the
centre. this bar supports another annulus (, with an outwardly extending flange c²,
upon which and c, the grate G, rests.
C, supports a hollow perforated cylinder G³, preferably closed and pointed at
the top.
Resting upon the inner edge of C, are a series of rings, placed one upon the other
and having upon their inner sides a depending flange or lip 1, preferably brought to
an edge at the bottom, the size of these rings being such as to leave about four inches
or less of space between them and cylinder G, which space constitutes the fuel
space.
.
The purpose of the flange or lip l, is to enclose the fuel and it leave as small a
surface for contact with the fuel as convenient, thereby preventing the formation of
:

page_text: clinker, and to further ensure this end and also to aid combustion, passages p, are cut
through the rings O, from top to bottom, which being placed in line form a channel
from the bottom to near the top of the stack. Other passages p', are provided,
leading inwardly from said channel, preferably to the space between one ring and
the depending lip of the next, whereby.air is supplied for the purposes stated.
But if this were all, the draft would be choked and the fire smothered, so I have
provided for draft by cutting depressions p², in the rings (as shown in Figs. 4, 5
and 6), which when they are placed.one upon another form draft passages leading
from the fuel space toward the chimney.
R, is the fuel reservoir, and feed, leading from a convenient opening at r, to the
fuel space and preferably swelled at the bottom to cover and complete the enclosure of
said space. To prevent the melting of the walls of this feed chamber, I place a jacket J,
about it and lead into this jacket, flues f, extending through the outer wall of the
heater. The air entering them prevents fuel magazine R, from becoming too hot and
the heat the air receives is utilized by connecting the jacket with the hot air space
by flues f. From the hot air space B, hot air is to be led off to the register pipes.
f2, are other flues extending from the outer air through the inner wall and opening
into space B, for the purpose of permitting air to enter, be heated and pass on to the
registers. S, is the smoke pipe and H the hot air or register pipes. At the bottom
there is the usual ash pit, door, dampers and other appliances.
The parts shown in figure 3, are substantially similar; but there being no swell to
that fuel reservoir, the rings O are decreased in size toward the top of the stack. that:
the upper one may fit the lower end of the reservoir, the grate is shaped correspond-
ingly to leave the fuel space of substantially, even width and the hot air space B and
flues f, f, and H, are omitted.
Figure 7, represents a very simple form of the apparatus there being merely the
ordinary grate, a flat perforated disk suspended above it to enclose the fuel space,
with channels leading from the outer air through said disk, passages from said channels
to the surface of the disk, dampers controlling the entrance to said channels and a
door opening into the fuel space, the usual draft openings of course being provided
below the grate.
In figure 9 a different form of fuel space being desired, the form of the enclosing
wall is altered to that shown in figure 10, the stack being supported at the bottom
by the stove lining and at the top in any suitable manner, here by another part of the
stove lining, then to make the space of even width I place a front piece G², substan-
tially parallel with the inner edges of the stack, perforated for the admission of air.
and provide a covered opening D, through which fuel may be introduced into the fuel
space so formed, it being intended that no fuel shall be introduced into the device:
shown in figure 9 or that of figure 1, except through the opening D, leading into
the fuel space between G2, and (), as fuel introduced in front of G², on the side.
opposite that facing D, would prevent the proper operation of the parts by:
making a thick instead of a thin body of fuel, and also by causing. G², to melt
down.
As can
The operation is obvious and a detailed description thereof unnecessary.
readily be seen, the wall O, will become highly heated, but not melted as it is.
provided with air passages to prevent such a result; no air reaches the surface of the
burning fuel without becoming heated; there is no large open space for air.next
the fuel, to receive and carry off into the chimney such heat as is generated, but that
heat is made to raise the temperature of a large radiating surface before it can escape
and the result is very beneficial.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. In a heating apparatus, the combination of a fuel space entirely surrounded by:
walls one of which completely encloses said fuel space on the side toward the draft
exit and is located close to the fuel and but a short distance from another wall.or.

page_text: grate, whereby but a thin body of fuel can be accommodated within the fuel space,
draft apertures, leading through the walls to and from the fuel space, and an opening
for the introduction of fuel, substantially as set forth.
2. In a heating apparatus, the combination of a fuel space with enclosing walls
placed as described, whereby but a thin body of fuel can be accommodated within
said space, draft passages through said walls leading to the fuel space and from
it to the smoke pipe, a fuel reservoir opening into said space, a jacket sur-
rounding said reservoir, and flues leading to and from said jacket, substantially as
set forth.
3. In a heating apparatus the combination of a fuel space with enclosing walls
placed as described, whereby but a thin body of fuel can be accommodated within
said space, one of said walls being formed of a series of parts placed one upon the
other and having depending lips upon the inner side, draft passages through said
walls leading to the fuel space and from it to the smoke pipe and an opening for the
introduction of fuel substantially as set forth.
4. In a heating apparatus the combination of a fuel space entirely surrounded
by walls, one of which completely encloses said fuel space on the side toward the
draft exit, is provided with air channels leading into it, passages leading from said
channels to that surface of said wall outside of the fuel space, is located close to the
fuel and but a short distance from another wall or grate, whereby but a thin body of
fuel can be accommodated within the fuel space, draft apertures leading through the
walls to and from the fuel space, and an opening for the introduction of fuel, substan-
tially as set forth.
5. In a heating apparatus the combination of a fuel space, entirely surrounded by
walls, one of which completely encloses said fuel space on the side toward the draft
exit, is provided with air channels leading into it but not into the fuel space, passages
leading from said channels to that surface of said wall outside of the fuel space, is
located close to the fuel and but a short distance from another wall or grate, whereby
but a thin body of fuel can be accommodated within the fuel space, draft apertures
leading through the walls to and from the fuel space and a fuel opening, substantially
as set forth.
6. In a heating apparatus, the combination of a fuel space entirely surrounded by
walls one of which completely encloses said fuel space on the side toward the draft
exit, is formed of a series of parts placed one upon the other as described, is provided
with air channels leading into it, passages leading from said channels to that surface
of said wall outside of the fuel space, is located close to the fuel and but a short
distance from another wall or grate, whereby but a thin body of fuel can be accommo-
dated within the fuel space, draft apertures leading through the walls to and from the
fuel space and a fuel opening, substantially as set forth.
Dated this 15th dow of Anvil 1800
ALLISON BROS.,
Agents for the Applicant.