Improvements in and relating to Evaporators, Condensers, and the like.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Jan., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 16th Oct., 1896-Accepted, 28th Nov., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Evaporators, Condensers,
and the like.
I, DANIEL ARTHUR QUIGGIN, of 21 Brasenose Road, Liverpool in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as.
follows:-
This invention relates to evaporators, condensers and the like, and has reference
more particularly to the connections of the coils which form the heat transmitting
surfaces of such apparatus, the objects being, to ensure that the steam shall pass
equally through each of the said coils, and to so connect the coils to the steam supply
pipe by means of passages formed in the door of the apparatus, that the coils and door
may he easily removed without breaking the joints between them or disturbing the
steam supply pipe.
I will describe my invention as applied to evaporators but it will be understood that
it is equally applicable to condensers and the like.
The evaporator usually consists of an upright cylindrical vessel in the lower portion
of which a series of helical coils are placed, which coils form the heat transmitting
surfaces of the apparatus. The upper ends of these coils are connected to the steam
inlet, and the lower ends to the outlet, and it is found in practice that most of the
steam passes through those coils which are nearest to the inlet and outlet openings,
and in order to overcome this difficulty I arrange the connections as follows;-
The upper ends of the coils are connected to the steam inlet by means of an inlet
pipe which extends, preferably diametrally, across the evaporator; the end of the
pipe is closed and the coils, which are disposed on opposite sides of the pipe, are
connected thereto by screwed unions in the usual way. The lower ends are connected
to the outlet in a similar manner by an outlet pipe, but instead of making each of these
pipes single, as usual, I make one or both of them double by forming it with a bend
so that the pipe is shaped like a long letter "U," the two parts being parallel, and the
closed end being immediately adjacent to the open end. I connect the lower end of
the coil whose upper end is nearest the inlet, to that portion of the outlet pipe most
remote from the open end thereof, and I connect the lower end of the coil whose upper
end is most remote from the inlet, to the portion of the outlet pipe nearest the open
end thereof; the intermediate coils are connected in a corresponding manner, with
the result that the several parallel paths open to the steam, through the respective
coils, each offer the same resistance and consequently have an equal quantity of steam
flowing through them. By bending the pipe as described it will be seen that it is
possible to effect the described arrangement of the coils without having to place any
of them obliquely.
It is necessary, in evaporators, to provide for the withdrawal of the coils for the
purpose of cleaning etc., and it is of course desirable that as few joints as possible
shall be broken when the coils are withdrawn. I therefore provide an opening in the
side of the evaporator sufficiently large to permit the coils being withdrawn en bloc;
the opening is provided with a framing or casing which forms a flat jointing surface
for the door. The inlet and outlet pipes communicate, through the door, with the
valves which regulate the supply and exhaust, the joints between the door and
the pipes, and the door and the valves, being made after the manner described in
the Specification to Letters Patent No. 5992, dated April 21st, 1890. When the

page_text: .coils have to be removed the connections are broken between the valves and the supply
and exhaust pipes, but the joints on the door are not broken, so that the door, the inlet
and outlet pipes and the coils are removed intact.
It will be seen that when the valves are on the front of the door, the pipes connected
to the valves must not only be disconnected but must be moved away in order to allow
the door, with the coils attached, to be removed. In order to obviate this inconvenience,
I prefer to construct the door with passages formed in it for the supply and for the
exhaust; joints are made, on the inside face of the door, between the inlet and outlet
pipes so as to connect these pipes with their respective passages. The passages lead
away, either horizontally or vertically, to a portion of the door which overhangs the
face to which the door is bolted, and the pipe connections are made at the said
overhanging portions, the plane of the jointing surfaces being parallel with the plane
of the door, and the joints so arranged that when the coupling bolts are withdrawn,
the door, with the inlet and outlet pipes, and the coils, can be drawn away without
interfering with the connecting pipes and valves which are permanently secured to
the evaporator behind the plane of the door.
When more than one door is fitted to the one evaporator, the coils are arranged in
groups, each group being attached to its own door; in such cases trunk supply and
exhaust passages are carried across the front of the evaporator and made separate
from the door; each door has passages formed in it, connected as before to the inlet
and outlet pipes respectively, and when the door, with these pipes and the coils
attached, is placed in position, the passages in the door make joint with the trunk
passages and connect the inlet and outlet pipes respectively to the said trunk passages.
In this construction the connecting pipes and valves are permanently connected to the
respective trunk passages, and these connections are not interfered with when the
doors are removed.
I prefer, when possible, to make the steam joints, which may have to withstand
very high pressures, quite distinct from the joint between the door and the evaporator
which usually is one having a large surface and has to withstand but a comparatively
low pressure. I find when a steam joint and the ordinary joint between the door and
its facing are made at the one surface, that the former joint is very unreliable and
I therefore attach considerable importance to the arrangement described, which while
permitting the removal of the door and coils without interfering with the connecting
pipe, admits of the steam joints being made independent of the door joints.
Dated this 15th day of January 1896.
SLOAN & LLOYD BARNES,
Castle Chambers, 26 Castle Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in and relating to Evaporators, Condensers,.
and the like.
I, DANIEL ARTHUR QUIGGIN, of 21 Brasenose Road, Liverpool in the County, of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
'manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to evaporators, condensers and the like, and has reference
more particularly to the connections of the coils which form the heat transmitting
surfaces of such apparatus, the objects being, to ensure that the steam shall pass
equally through each of the said coils, and to so connect the said coils to the steam
supply pipe by means of passages formed in the door of the apparatus, that the coils
and door may be easily removed without breaking the joints between them or
disturbing the steam supply pipe.

page_text: I will describe my invention as applied to evaporators but it will be understood that
it is equally applicable to condensers and the like.
The evaporator usually consists of an upright, cylindrical vessel in the lower portion
of which a series of helical coils are placed, which coils form the heat transmitting
surfaces of the apparatus. The upper ends of these coils are connected to the steam
inlet, and the lower ends to the outlet, and it is found in practice that most of the
steam passes through those coils which are nearest to the inlet and outlet openings,
and in order to overcome this difficulty I arrange the connections as follows;
The upper ends of the coils are connected to the steam supply by means of an inlet
pipe which extends preferably diametrally, across the evaporator; the end of the
pipe is closed and the coils, which are disposed on opposite sides of the pipe, are
connected thereto by screwed unions in the usual way. The lower ends are connected
to the exhaust in a similar manner by an outlet pipe, but instead of making each of
these pipes single, as usual, I make one or both of them double by forming it with a
bend so that the pipe is shaped like a long letter "U," the two parts being parallel,
and the closed end being immediately adjacent to the open end. I connect the lower
end of the coil, whose upper end is nearest the inlet, to that portion of the outlet pipe
most remote from the open end thereof, and I connect the lower end of the coil, whose
upper end is most remote from the inlet, to that portion of the outlet pipe nearest the
open end thereof; the intermediate coils are connected in a corresponding manner,
with the result that the several parallel paths open to the steam, through the respective
coils, each offer the same resistance and consequently have an equal quantity of steam
flowing through them. By bending the pipe as described it will be seen that it is
possible to effect the described arrangement of the coils without having to place any
of them obliquely.
It is necessary, in evaporators, to provide for the withdrawal of the coils for the
purpose of cleaning etc., and it is of course desirable that as few joints as possible
shall be broken when the coils are withdrawn. I therefore provide an opening in the
side of the evaporator sufficiently large to permit the coils to be withdrawn en bloc;
the opening is provided with a framing or casing which forms a flat jointing surface
for the door. The inlet and outlet pipes communicate, through the door, with the
valves which regulate the supply and exhaust, the joints between the door and the
pipes, and the door and the valves, being made after the manner described in
the Specification to Letters Patent No. 5992, dated April 21st, 1890. When the coils
have to be removed, the connections are broken between the valves and the supply
and exhaust pipes, but the joints on the door are not broken, so that the door, the
inlet and outlet pipes and the coils are removed intact.
It will be seen that when the valves are on the front of the door, the pipes connected
to the valves must not only be disconnected but must be moved away in order to
allow the door, with the coils attached, to be removed. In order to obviate this
inconvenience, I prefer to construct the door with passages formed in it for the supply
and for the exhaust; joints are made, on the inside face of the door, between the
inlet and outlet pipes so as to connect these pipes with their respective passages. The
passages lead away, either horizontally or vertically, to a portion of the door which
overbangs the face to which the door is bolted, and the pipe connections are made at
the said overhanging portions, the plane of the jointing surfaces being parallel with
the plane of the door, and the joints so arranged that when the coupling bolts are
withdrawn, the door, with the inlet and outlet pipes, and the coils, can be drawn away
without interfering with the connecting pipes and valves which are permanently
secured to the evaporator behind the plane of the door...
When more than one door is fitted to the one evaporator, the coils are arranged in
groups each group being attached to its own door; in such cases trunk supply and
exhaust pipes are carried across the front of the evaporator and made separate from
the door; each door has passages formed in it, connected as before to the inlet and
outlet pipes respectively, and when the door, with these pipes and the coils attached,
is placed in position, the passages in the door make joint with the trunk pipes and

page_text: connect the inlet and outlet pipes respectively to the said trunk pipes. In this
construction the connecting pipes and valves are permanently connected to the
respective trunk pipes, and these connections are not interfered with when the doors
are removed.
I prefer, when possible, to make the steam joints, which may have to withstand
very high pressures, quite distinct from the joint between the door and the evaporator
which usually is one having a large surface and has to withstand but a comparatively
low pressure. I find when a steam joint and the ordinary joint between the door and
its facing are made at the one surface, that the former joint is very unreliable and I
therefore attach considerable importance to the arrangement described, which while
permitting the removal of the door and coils without interfering with the connecting
pipe, admits of the steam joints being made independent of the door joints.
I have illustrated my invention, as applied to an evaporator, in the accompanying
drawings, in which Fig. I is a front elevation, Fig. II a side elevation, Fig. If a
sectional elevation on the line A. A. of Fig. IV, Fig. IV a sectional plan on the
line B. B. of Fig. III, and Fig. V a plan partly in section on the line B. B. showing
the coils in position for testing. Figs. VI, VII and VIII are detail views. Figs. IX
and X, which are respectively an elevation and a sectional elevation on the line C. C.,
illustrate the application of my invention to an evaporator fitted with two doors.
Throughout the drawings similar parts are indicated by the same reference figures,
and in the case of sections, the direction in which they are viewed is indicated by the
small arrows placed adjacent to the letters denoting the plane of section.
1 is the shell of the evaporator, which is of the usual type; the water to be
evaporated is admitted through an inlet valve and the vapour formed passes out
through a vapour outlet valve, and the evaporator is provided with the usual fittings.
such as safety valve, gauge glass, steam gauge, blow-off cock etc., those various valves
and fittings are, however, not shown in the drawings as they are common to all forms
of evaporators.
The heat transmitting surfaces consist of coils 2 to which steam is supplied through
the inlet valve 3, the passage 4 in the door 9, and inlet pipe 5; the steam is condensed
as it passes through the coils and the resulting water drains away through the outlet
pipe 6, the passage 7 in the door 9, and the valve 8. The coils are connected to the
inlet and outlet pipes after the manner described in the Specification to Letters Patent
No. 5992 of 1890, before mentioned. The outlet pipe 6 is shown double, as described,
and from an inspection of Fig. III it will be seen that paths of approximately equal
resistance are provided for the passage of the steam through the several coils. The
inlet and outlet pipes are carried from the door 9 and the joint between these pipes
and the door is made as shown in detail in Fig. VI. The form of joint between the
valves 3 and 8 and the door is shown in Fig. VII, and an alternative form of joint
is shown in Fig. VIII in which gland pieces 10 and studs are substituted for the
union nuts 11. When the door is made of gun-metal the screwed plug 13 may be
dispensed with and the nozzle formed on the door itself. It will be noticed that in
each of these cases the joints are made after the manner described in the specification
before referred to. In Figs. VI, VII, and VIII the joints are shown in medial
section through the pipes.
I find it an advantage to connect the valve 3 to the door passage by means of a
length of pipe 12 which can be rotated about the axis of the valve so that when the
coils require to be scaled they can, after the door and coils have been removed, be
attached to the valve as shown in Fig. V and alternately subjected to steam pressure
and an external cold water spray, the resulting alternate expansion and contraction
of the pipes causing the scale to break up, after which it can be easily removed.
There is an additional advantage in being able to connect the pipes as shown in
Fig. V, inasmuch as the pipes can be thoroughly inspected under steam pressure.
Should it be required merely to remove the door and coils, it will be seen that this
can be effected without disturbing either the valves 3 and 8 or their connecting pipes,
and without breaking joint between the coils and the door, as it is simply necessary to
break the joints between the valves 3 and 8 and the door; and as the joints are on the

page_text: inside face of the door, the latter, with the coils in position, can be drawn away clear-
of the valves and pipes.
Referring now to Figs. IX and X, the evaporator in this case is fitted with two-
doors 9¹ and two sets of coils, and a trunk inlet pipe 14 is provided, this pipe has two
branches, controlled by the inlet valve 3', and joints between the respective doors and
the branches are made after the manner shown in connection with the outlet pipe in
Fig. VI; there is a similar trunk pipe for the drainage, and in other respects the
arrangement is similar to that already described. The trunk pipe is supported by
spring straps 15 which admit of the necessary movement of the pipe to make the
joints; the passages 41 in the doors are in this arrangement vertically disposed instead
of being horizontal as in the arrangement first described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is ;-
1. The improvement in evaporators, condensers and the like, which consists in so
connecting the several heat transmitting coils or surfaces to the steam inlet and outlet,
that they offer paths of approximately equal resistance to the steam; substantially as.
described and illustrated.
2. The improvement in evaporators which consists in connecting the inlet and
outlet pipes which support the coils to passages in the doors, and connecting the said
passages to the inlet and outlet valves by joints on the inside face of the door, so that
the latter and the coils may be removed as a whole without disturbing the other
connections; substantially as described and illustrated.
3. The improvement in evaporators provided with more than one door, which
consists in providing a trunk pipe with branches adapted to make joint, on the inside
faces of the doors, with passages formed in the doors; substantially as described and
illustrated.
4. In combination, the evaporator shell 1, provided with a feed inlet and vapour
outlet; the heating coils 2; the inlet pipe 5 and the double outlet pipe 6 connected
respectively to the passages 4 and 7 in the door and adapted to be removed therewith ;.
and the inlet and outlet valves 3 and 8 connected to their respective passages by
joints on the inside face of the said door; substantially as described and illustrated.
5. The improved evaporator substantially as described and illustrated in Figs. I
to VIII.
6. The improvement in evaporators substantially as described and illustrated in
Figs. IX and X.
SLOAN & LLOYD BARNES,
Castle Chambers, 26 Castle Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicant..