IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES
Year: 1839

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM.
PALMER, of Sutton Street, Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex,.
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her.
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the First day of June, in the second year of Her reign,.
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the.
said William Palmer, Her especial licence, full "power, sole privilege and.
authority, that I, the said William Palmer, my exors, adñiors, and assigns,.
or such others as I, the said William Palmer, my exors, adññors, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Ber-
wick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS, AND IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso
that I, the said William Palmer, shall cause a particular description of
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto
had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Palmer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to

page_text: My Invention relates to a mode of constructing the glass holders of that
description of lamp called candle lamps.
Secondly, my Invention relates to a mode of forming spiral wicks for
candles.
And, thirdly, my Invention relates to a mode of manufacturing candles by
applying three or more spiral wicks in the same candle. And in order to give
the best information in my power, I will proceed to describe the Drawings
hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 represents the upper portion of a candle lamp of that description
which is now very generally in use, wherein the candle is raised up the stem of
the lamp by means of a spring; a, a, a, are three stems affixed to the upper
part of the lamp. On one of these stems a are formed two projections b and
c; the projections 6 being to support the glass chimney, and the projection con
this stem a, and the projection c on the other stems a, are for the purpose of
retaining the glass chimney in a central and upright position; at the upper
end of the stems a, a, is affixed a circular ring d, which in this instance, in
addition to securing the stems a, and retaining them in their correct positions,
also is the supporting instrument of the glass or shade e. It should be
remarked that the glass e may be varied in its shape, so long as the upper
part, where it is supported by the ring d, is suitable for that ring, or the ring
varied to suit the particular glass or shade.
Figure 2 shows another glass holder of the same kind as that above
described, and the same explanations given in respect to Figure 1 will apply to
the parts of Figure 2, so far as the means of supporting the glass or shade e, e,
which in this case is supported on the three projections f, formed on the stems
a, in place of being supported by the ring d.
I will now proceed to describe the second part of my Invention.
Figure 3 is an elevation of apparatus for forming spiral wicks for candles
according to my Invention. Figure 4 is a plan thereof; Figure 5, a section;
and Figure 6, a right-hand end view of the same apparatus. a, a, is the
framing of the machine; and b, b, are troughs or recesses into which the wicks,
when made, are placed by the workman, to be removed as they are wanted for
use; c is a spindle with a screw thread cupon it, which in the revolution of
the spindle acts to move the spindle lengthwise, as hereafter explained. In
the left-hand end of the spindle c is formed a groove or recess, into which the

page_text: handle d of the wire rods e are placed, in order to cause them to revolve with
the spindle in a suitable manner to wind on the wicks in a spiral direction
around these rods e as an axis. Figure 7 shows one of the wires separately,
e, e, being the end views of the rod and its handle or upper ring; d, d', shows
recesses in the handle by which the rods with the wicks are kept in the centre.
of the mould pipe; and Figure 8 shows one of the rods e, having three wicks
wound spirally around it, and the ends of the wicks are fastened off by placing.
them in the slits or openings f, formed in the handle d for that purpose. At the
other end of the wire rod e there are slits formed to receive the three or other
number of wicks as shown, and are each put into separate slits, as will be seen
on examining Figure 8. Motion is communicated to the spindle c of the
apparatus in the following manner:-g is a cord, one end of which is
affixed at the point g¹ to the spindle c, the other end of the cord g
being affixed to the spindle c at the point 9; from the point g' the
cord 9. passes over a pulley h, thence over a pulley i, thence under a
pulley j, and then taking several turns around the spindle c, is made,
fast as before stated at the point g. It will therefore be evident that
if the workman moves the cord by means of the handle k towards the',
left-hand end of the machine, it will cause the spindle to revolve in the bear-
ings and m, there being a female screw in bearing m, to suit the spiral,
thread on the spindle c. The revolving of that spindle, by means of the
cord g, will cause the spindle to proceed towards the left-hand end of the,
machine, and in so doing, the cord g will be wound off towards the point g³,
and will be wound on towards the point g', all which will readily be under-
stood on examining the Drawings. And it will be evident that if the end or
handle d of one of the wires e be placed in the groove formed in the end of
the spindle, the wire rod would be caused to revolve and pass towards the
left-hand end of the machine, and if the wicks be properly supplied thereto,
the same would be correctly wound on to the wire rod e, for it will be seen.
that there is a projecting rest 1 for the wire rod e; and when there are to be
three wicks, there are three studs or pins placed thereon, and the wicks are
kept separated by such studs, as is shown in the Drawing. In case there be
four wicks, there should be four such studs, and so on for the number of:
wicks. In order to keep them separated in the act of winding them on to the
wire rods e, and in operating, the workman having placed the wicks into the
slits or grooves at the end e¹ of the wire rods, holds the wicks with his left
hand below the rest I, and with his right hand he moves the cord g, as above
explained, by which means the wicks will be correctly wound. When the same
is complete, the workman takes the wire rod e with the left hand, holding the

page_text: wicks from moving, and by the right band he places the same in the slits or
ręcesses f, and cuts the wicks off. The workman then removes the cord
towards the right-hand end of the machine and puts in another wire rod e,
and proceeds therewith as above explained. The wicks on the wires are now
to be placed in moulds in the ordinary manner, and the candle moulded
thereon, as is well understood, and when the same is cold the wire rod e is to
be withdrawn.
In respect to the third part of my Invention, I would remark that although.
I prefer wicks produced by the above means of spirally winding three or more
wicks, for the purpose of such third part of my Invention, other means may
be resorted to for obtaining three or more spirally wound wicks to be applied
in the same candle; I do not therefore confine the third part of my Invention:
to the using of wicks wound by the machine or apparatus constituting the
second part of my Invention.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, I would remark that
what I claim as my Invention is,-
First, the mode of constructing glass holders of candle lamps, as above
described.
Secondly, I claim the mode of combining the apparatus for spirally winding
three or more wicks, as above described.
And, thirdly, I claim the mode of manufacturing candles by applying three-
or more spirally wound wicks, as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Palmer, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of November, One thousand eight