IMPROVE- MENTS IN SHUTTLES FOR WEAVING, THE WHOLE OR PART OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO SKEWERS USED IN WINDING AND REELING MACHINES
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jonathan Burton, of Crawshaw Booth, in the
County of Lancaster, Manager, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SHUTTLES FOR WEAVING, THE WHOLE OR PART OF WHICH
ARE APPLICABLE TO SKEWERS USED IN WINDING AND REELING
MACHINES."
Sealed the 11th March 1854, and dated the 17th September 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jonathan Burton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 17th September 1853.
I, JONATHAN BURTON, of Crawshaw Booth, in the County of Lan-
caster, Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES FOR WEAVING, THE WHOLE OR PART OF
WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO SKEWERS USED IN WINDING AND REELING MA-
CHINES," to be as follows:—
This Invention has reference principally to those shuttles which are
used in weaving, and to the skewers used in winding and reeling
cops," the object of the Invention being to diminish the waste of

page_text: weft or thread, and to facilitate the unwinding of the weft or thread
from the cop in the process of weaving, winding, and reeling. It con-
sists in placing a collar or tube upon the tongue or spindle of the
shuttle, which will revolve freely upon it. So far I have found that it is
best constructed in the following manner. By using a plain spindle or
tongue, and reducing the lower part of it, upon which the tube or collar
is placed, so that it can freely revolve, the external diameter of the
tube being a little less than the thickest part ofthe spindle. By which
arrangement I propose to accomplisli the purpose for which the spring
is used in the ordinary shuttle tongues, namely, to retain the cop on
the spindle opposite. About the middle of the tube or collar in the side
of the shuttle I form an eye hole similar and in addition to those
usually placed at the end. The shuttle is used and operates in the
following manner :-The cop is put upon the spindle, the bottom pass-
ing on to the tube or collar; it weaves as in the ordinary shuttle
(passing off at the end of the cop) till it arrives at the portion on the
tube (which is most difficult to unwind) at which point the tube or
collar comes into operation by oscillating or revolving on the spindle,
when the thread pulls at an angle to the axis of the spindle, and by
thus giving way tends to diminish the liability of breakage of the
thread while weaving (or when winding or reeling). When the thread
breaks at this point it is passed through the eye hole in the side of the
shuttle, and the remainder or a greater portion of the remainder of
the cop is woven off by the tube revolving upon the spindle as the
weft is drawn off.
As my improvements consist principally in additions to, and in
the modification of the spindle or tongue of the shuttle, and as the
spindle or tongue of the shuttle performs the same office in the shuttle
for weaving as the skewer does in winding and reeling machines,
namely, hold the "cop" while the thread is wound off, no further ex-
planation will be required of the manner in which these improvements
are applied to skewers for the purposes already named, further than to
say, that when the thread is wound off to the bottom part the direction
of the thread from the cop to the reel or bobbin may be changed by
passing it through a hook or through a hole (corresponding with the

page_text: hole referred to in the side of the shuttle), so that it will pull at right
angles to the axis of the spindle or skewer, and unwind the remainder
of the cop by revolving the "tube" or collar.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Jonathan Burton in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 11th March 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
JONATHAN BURTON, of Crawshaw Booth, in the County of Lancaster,
Manager, send greeting.
WHEREAS 1er most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
seventeenth year of Her reign, did, for Ierself, Her heirs and succes-
sors, give and grant unto me, the said Jonathan Burton, Her especial
license that I, the said Jonathan Burton, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Jonathan Burton;
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES FOR WEAVING, THE WHOLE OR PART OF WHICH
ARE APPLICABLE TO SKEWERS USED IN WINDING AND REELING MACHINES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Jonathan Burton,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jonathan Burton, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in

page_text: and by the following statement and accompanying Drawing (that is to
say):
This Invention has reference to those shuttles used in weaving, and
to skewers used in winding or reeling "cops," its object being to
diminish the waste of weft or thread by facilitating the unwinding of
"cops" in the process of weaving, winding, and reeling. Cops gene-
rally unwind well so long as the full cone form remains, but when the
bottom of the cop is arrived at the thread, (on account of the dimi-
nished diameter,) has more frequently to pass round the peg or skewer;
adding to this disadvantage the increasing approach of the cone form
of the cop to that of a cylinder, the friction of the turns of thread round
the peg or skewer, and the fact that the interior coils of the bottom parts
of cops are generally displaced, either in skewering or prior to it, it
becomes almost impossible, when the common shuttle peg. or skewer is
employed, to unwind all the cop. This Invention, therefore, aims at
an arrangement or construction of shuttle peg or cop skewer which
will assist the unwinding of the bottom parts of cops by giving way to
the pull or strain of the thread. It will have been observed by per-
sons conversant with the weaving, winding, and reeling of cops, that the
thread, in unwinding from the bottom part of cops, has one or two
turns wound round the peg or skewer in the screw form; it is there-
fore obvious, that the thread will effect a pull or strain on the cop
bottom at an angle to the axis of the peg or skewer tending to bind it;
and it is also obvious that if the cop bottom could revolve on the peg
or skewer, the angular pull or strain of the thread would tend to
revolve it, which movement would facilitate the unwinding by giving
way to the pull or strain of the thread. Now my Invention consists
in placing a tube on the peg or spindle of shuttles (or on skewers)
which will freely revolve upon it, upon which the cop to be unwound
is placed.
Before proceeding further I will explain the Figures of the Drawing.
Fig. 1, is a plan view of a shuttle having my improved peg; Fig. 2,
a sectional longitudinal view in the centre of the shuttle, perpendicular
to Fig. 1; Fig. 3, and Fig. 4, views of improved skewer; Figs. 5,
and 6, sectional views of the tube.

page_text: As my improvements in shuttles relate principally to the peg or spin-
dle, I need not refer to any other part. The tube above referred to may
be the entire length of the cop, but I do not consider it is necessary that
it should be longer than sufficient to hold the bottom part of it. It may
be made of iron, brass, or any other suitable material. The simplest
and best form and mode of constructing my improved shuttle peg and
skewer with which I am at present acquainted is that shown in the
Drawing. It will be seen by Figs. 2, and 4, that the lower part of the
skewer or peg a, is reduced to fit the interior diameter of the tube b; the
external diameter of which corresponds with the adjoining part of the
spindle or skewer. To keep the tube b, close to the shoulder a', a
smal collar c, is fixed on the bottom part of the skewer; this is acconi-
plished in the shuttle peg by the square d, into which the peg is screwed.
It will be observed in Fig. 2, that the peg (a) is split to render it
elastic, that it may be compressed when the cop is skewered, to give
force sufficient to hold it on. The tubes shewn applied in Figs. 1, 2,
3, and 4, are of the form shewn in section at Fig. 5, but they may be
constructed with a flange, as shewn at Fig. 6. So far the thread has
been described as unwound from the cop by passing off at the end of
the peg or skewer, as shewn by the full line e, in Fig. 1, and by the
dotted line e, in Fig. 3; but in weaving, should the thread break in pass-
ing off at the end of the peg, it may be passed through an eye f
placed in the side of the shuttle (shewn in dotted line), so as to unwind
solely by revolving the tube; where the thread is valuable, and the
speed of the loom slow, it may be economical to do this, but this mode
of unwinding the bottom parts of cops can be best taken advantage of
in reeling or winding. In reeling it is common, when the cop is un-
wound to the bottom part, to place the skewer freely in bearings in
such a position that the remainder of the cop will be unwound by the
thread passing off at about a right angle to the axis of the skewer, by
which both the remaining part of the cop and skewer is revolved; but
with my improved skewer the bottom part of the cop may be unwound
by revolving the tube without change of position in the skewer, the
thread simply requiring to be hooked in a hook attached to a con-
venient part of the machine, or in a hook formed by a piece of wire g.

page_text: attached to the collar c, as shown in Fig. 3, which will change the
direction of the thread, as shewn by the full line e', Fig. 3..
I have now, with the aid of the annexed Drawing, particularly
described the nature of my Invention, and the mode in which it may be
carried into effect, and claim as my Invention the application of a tube
to the spindles, tongues, or pegs of shuttles for weaving, and to skewers
for winding or reeling cops, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jonathan Burton, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Eighth day of March, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
JONATHAN BURTON. (L.S.)