IMPROVE- MENTS IN COATING PAPER WITH THIN LAYER OF VARNISH, SIZE, COLOUR, GUM, OR LIKE LIQUID MATERIAL, AND APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1884

page_text: We, THOMAS FURNIVAL and GEORGE DANIELS at the Office for Patents, 6 Lord
Street Liverpool, in the county of Lancaster, Machinist and Draughtsman
respectively, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN COATING PAPER WITH THIN LAYER OF VARNISH, SIZE, COLOUR, GUM, OR
LIKE LIQUID MATERIAL, AND APPARATUS THEREFOR" to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to provide a machine which will lay or spread
upon sheets or rolls of paper and the like, a thin layer of varnish gum or other
liquid or viscous material.
In carrying out the invention, we construct a machine with two main cylinders
or rollers, mounted in bearings upon suitable framing, hereinafter called the
varnishing or gumming roller and the impression roller respectively. The axes of
these cylinders are preferably parallel one to the other and mounted in the same
plane, and their surfaces may be brought in contact. Below the varnishing or
gumming roller is placed a trough which contains the varnish, gum, or other liquid
which is to be distributed on the surface of the paper, and the roller itself is partly
immersed therein. This trough is raised and lowered by means of a rack and pinion
held in position by ratchet wheel. The surface of the impression roller may be
adjusted at any required distance from that of the varnishing or gumming roller,
to regulate the thickness of the coating of varnish. or gum, and allow for the
thickness of the paper under operation. Between the journals of the two
cylinders is placed a wedge, which is raised and lowered by a screw to
which it is attached. This may be placed with the base either above or below,
but preferably with the base below, and the thinner edge pointing upwards. A
handle to turn the screws may be placed over each wedge, or two screws may
be connected together to work synchronously when one handle is operated. The
bearings of the varnishing or gumining roller are bolted immovably to the framing,
and those of the impression roller adjusted to slide thereon, and held to their work
or against the wedge by means of a spring, this secures a yielding pressure upon
the paper; of course the bearings of the varnishing or gumming roller might be
made movable, and those of the impression roller fixed, but it is preferred to have
them as described. A screw is used to advance or withdraw the roller from its
CD 611

page_text: work. A doctor scraper, or small roller, is applied to the surface of the varnishing
or gumming roller to regulate the amount of the liquid adhering to the roller.
This roller, or doctor, is fixed in adjustable bearings or sockets as may be found
necessary.
To remove any of the varnish or gum that may be deposited on the impression
roller, there is placed in contact with its under surface a metal or indiarubber
scraper, which scrapes the liquid off into a trough, placed for the purpose, after
passing this scraper, the roller comes in contact with a sponge or pad kept moist,
which removes all traces of the varnish or gum. This sponge or pad is preferably
cylindrical, and caused to revolve in an opposite direction, or at a differential speed,
so as to have a frictional contact with the surface of the impression roller. This
sponge or pad revolves immersed in a trough carrying water or other liquid. A
rotary motion is not necessary in the sponge, as it might have a reciprocating
motion. To remove the moisture left on the impression roller by the sponge, an
india rubber scraper is made to press tightly against its surface, thus leaving a dry
and clean surface to receive the paper on the next revolution.
Above the impression roller are placed two small band pulleys or rollers over and
between which tapes are placed, which guide the sheets of paper between the
varnishing or gumming and the impression rollers. The paper is passed down
between the two cylinders at the speed at which the impression roller revolves, and
as the varnishing or gumming roller is caused to revolve at a greater speed or has
a greater surface speed, the liquid adhering to it is laid on the paper with an even
coat. A transverse reciprocating movement could be given to one or both of the
cylinders if required.
"
To remove the paper from the varnishing or gumming roller, a number of thin
steel points or fingers abut against the roller and lift the sheets away. These
fingers are assisted by a small revolving ridge roller or rod armed with a series of
steel points which raises and passes the paper onto travelling tapes, which are led
over a series of rollers. The paper is then removed, by an assistant, and placed in
drying room, or a long travelling band or table may receive it and carry it away.
DAIL
11001

page_text: COMPLETE
DIECIFICATION.
WC THOMAS FURNIVAL and GEORGE DANIELS both of Wellington Terraco
Reddish near Stockport in the County of Chester, Machinist and Draughtsman
respectively do hereby declare the nature of our said invention for "IMPROVE
MENTS IN COATING PAPER WITH THIN LAYER OF VARNISH, SIZE, COLOUR, GUM, OR
LIKE LIQUID MATERIAL, AND APPARATUS THEREFOR" and in what manner the
samo is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
The object of this invention is to provide a machine which will lay or spread
upon sheets or rolls of paper and the like.a thin layer of varnish, gum, or other
liquid or viscous material. It is best described by aid of the accompanying drawings,
in which:
Figuro 1 is a longitudinal elevation of the machine, Figure 2 a plan, Figure 3
a sectional elevation on line xx, Figure 4 a sectional elevation on line y y.
In the drawings A B are two main metallic cylinders or rollers mounted in
bearings upon suitable framing C. The axes of these two cylinders are maintained
parallel to each other, and they are preferably in the same horizontal plane, and
the two cylinders are equal in size; they may however be of different diameters.
Below the roller A hereinafter called the "varnishing roller" is placed a trough D
containing the varnish (gum or other liquid) to be applied to the surface of the
paper. In the liquor in this trough a roller A is partially immersed; but if desired
the liquid could be fod to it by a subsidiary roller, revolving in the liquid. Thero
is no advantage, however, in this arrangement except in those rare cases where a
sheet has to be gummed in a series of narrow streaks, leaving parts between bare,
then using a subsidiary grooved roller or series of rollers with washers between is a
useful plan. The trough D is raised into and lowered out of position by screws, or
preferably by means of a pair of racks E and pinions F held in position by ratchet
wheel G. The surface of the impression roller B may be adjusted in the following
manner to revolve at any required distance from that of the varnishing or gumming
roller A, to regulate the thickness of the coating of varnish or gun, and allow for
the thickness of the paper under operation in the following manner: Between the
journals of the two cylinders is placed a wedge H which is raised and lowered by
a screw I, to which it is attached. This may be placed with broad end either
above or below, but preferably with the broad end below and the thinner edge
pointing upward. A handle J to turn the screws may be placed over each wedge,
or two screws may be connected together by gearing to work synchronously when
one handle is operated. ii aro a pair of casings with sloping sides in each side of
the wedge, into which the bearings are tongued and grooved, as shown, and
supported on a horizontal slide on frame. The object of these blocks is to present
perpendicular surfaces to the bearings and complementary sloping surfaces to the
wedge. This fills up the space between the bearings without making them or the
screw of too heavy a build, and without bringing upon the bearings of the vertical
resultant of the pressure of the scrow. The bearings of the varnishing or gumming
roller A are preferably bolted immovably to the framing and those of the impression

page_text: roller B adjusted to slide thereon, and held to their work or against the wedge by
means of a spring K. This secures a yielding pressure upon the paper. Of course
the bearings of the varnishing or gumining roller might be made movable, and those
of the impression roller fixed; but it is preferred to have them as decribed. A
screw L is used to advance or withdraw the roller from its work. This screw
works in a screwed nut in the frame, as shown, so that by screwing the nut in or
out, greater or less pressure can be put on the spring and by manipulating the
screw itself, the maximum distance between the bearings can be regulated. A
doctor-scraper M formed of metal, or if desired a small roller, is applied to the
surface of the varnishing or gumming roller to regulate the amount of the liquid
adhering to the roller. This doctor or roller is adjusted by screws N behind it, so
as to regulate the thickness of the aperturo between it and the roller A and so as
to leave only the requisite film of gum or varnish to cover the paper to the required
degree.
:
To remove any of the varnish or gum that may be deposited on the impression
roller B, there is placed in contact with its under surface a metal or india-rubber
scraper O, which scrapes the liquid off into the front division of trough P placed for
the purpose. After passing this scraper the roller comes in contact with a sponge
or pad kept moist with water (if the machine be used for gumining) or with a
solvent if used for varnish or other material. This liquid is kept in the second
division of trough P, the object of using two divisions being to save the strong gum
or varnish scraped off by the doctor separate from the washing solution. The
washing solution removes all traces of the varnish or gum. The sponge or pad is
preferably cylindrical, as shown in the drawings, at Q, and is caused to revolve in
an opposite direction or at a differential speed from roller B, so as to have a frictional
contact with the surface of the impression roller. This sponge or pad revolves
partially immersed in the liquid in trough P. This sponge pad may be stationary.
A rotary motion is not necessary in the sponge, as it might have a reciprocating
motion.
To remove the moisture left on the impression roller by the sponge, an india
rubber scraper or doctor Q', is made to press tightly against its surface, thus leaving
a dry and clean surface to receive the paper on the next revolution. The rotary
pad is kept to its work by being supported on levers W W, which are pivoted at X,
and adjusted by screws Y at their other ends, so as to regulate the pressure of the
pad against the impression roller. This pad can be run at a differential speed to
the roller by gearing from the roller to the pivot of lever W, and from there to the
revolving pad.
Above the impression roller are placed two small pulleys or rollers Z Z over
which, or on tapes or a band on which the sheets of paper are guided from the
table K to rollers A and B. The paper is passed down between the two cylinders
at the speed at which the impression roller B revolves, and as the varnishing or
gumming roller is caused to revolve at a greater speed, or has a greater surface
speed, (at least four times as much) the liquid adhering to it is laid on the paper
with an even coat. A transverse reciprocating moveu:cut could be given to one
or both of the cylinders, if required.
To remove the paper from the varnishing or gumming roller, a number of thin steel
points or fingers Sabut against the roller and lift the sheets away. These fingers are
assisted by a small revolving ridge roller T or rod armed with a series of sharp
steel wheels, which raises and passes the paper onto travelling tapes U, which aro
led over a series of rollers V V. The paper is then removed by an assistant and
placed in drying room, or a long travelling band or table may receive it and carry
it away.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is
1st. In a gumming or varnishing machine, a gumming or varnishing roller geared
to go at a greater circumferential speed than the impression roller working against ·

page_text: it, by which means the gum or varnish is more evenly spread, substantially as
described.
2nd. In a gumming or varnishing machine, the combination of a roller, conveying
the gum or varnish to the paper, and a roller over which the paper is fed, the two
rollers being at an adjustable distance apart, just sufficient to admit the paper and
requisite thickness of the fluid, substantially as described.
3rd. The method of insuring an even layer of gum or varnish on paper, which
consists in feeding the paper between a carrying surface and a gumming or
varnishing surface travelling forward at a greater speed than the carrying surface,
the two surfaces being such a distance apart that only the requisite thickness of
film can pass between the two surfaces, along with the paper.
4th. The process of gumming or varnishing sheets or webs of paper against the
gumming surface in such manner that the paper shall be fed through at a less speed
than that at which the gumming surface travels, but in exactly regulated close
contact with it, whereby the liquid adhering to the gumming surface is laid on the
paper in an even and uniform coat.
5th. In combination with the roller bearings of a machine, such as described, for
gumming or varnishing paper or other sheet or piece fabric, the wedge H for
regulating the distance apart of the rolls, and a device for prossing those bearings
towards cach other, substantially as described.
6th. In combination with the wedgo H and the bearings of the rollers of a
varnishing machine, a pair of blocks with sloping surfaces next the wedge, at au
angle complementary to the angle of the wedge, and supported on horizontal slides
in the frame, whereby the horizontal resultant of the thrust of the screw is conveyed
to the bearings, but not the vertical thrust.
7th. In combination with the impression roller B of a gumming or varnishing
machine, an india-rubber scraper for scraping off the wasto varnish or gum into
one trough, and a washing pad working against the roller in another trough,
substantially as and for the purposes described.
8th. In combination with the impression roller B a washing pad revolving
against its surface and the drying india-rubber scraper for the purposes described.
9th. The process of cleaning the carrying or impression roller from waste gum
or varnish, which consists in causing it to pass successively against a scraping
device, scraping the bulk of the material off, a washing device supplied with a
solvent of the material (gum or varnish) used, and a wiping device scraping off
from the roller the film of liquid still adhering, substantially as described.
10th. In combination with the impression roller B, the two pulleys or rollers Z. Z.
for the purposes described.