Improvements in Files.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 1st June, 1897--Accepted, 24th July, 1897
•
Improvements in Files.
I, HERMANN Nass, of 18 Beulah Street, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, United States
of America, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:
This invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in Files, and
has for its object to provide new and novel means whereby the file blade may be
reversed and both sides utilized until worn out, and a new file blade then
substituted.
.
The invention further aims to construct a file that will be extremely simple
in its construction, strong, durable, effectual in its operation, and comparatively
inexpensive to manufacture; furthermore to provide double the filing surface that
is obtained with the ordinary file.
With the above and other objects in view, the invention consists in the novel
construction, combination and arrangement of parts hereinafter specifically des-
cribed, and particularly pointed out in the claims.
In describing the invention in detail, reference is had to the accompanying
drawings wherein like letters of reference indicate similar parts throughout the
several views:
Fig. 1 is a side view of my improved file showing both blades in position.
Fig. 2 is a plan.
Fig. 3 is a vertical longitudinal section.
Fig. 4 is a plan of the bar with the file blade, securing mechanism and handle
removed.
Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the fastening bar.
Fig. 6 is a plan of one of the file blades.
Fig. 7 is a vertical longitudinal section through a portion of the bar and blades.
Fig. S is a longitudinal section of the handle and a portion of the bar with a
nodified form of fastening device.
Fig. 9 is a perspective view of a modified form of fastening bar.
Fig. 10 is a sectional view of a portion of the handle and bar with a modified
form of fastening means.
Fig. 11 is a side view of the same.
Referring to the drawings by reference letters a represents the bar on which
is secured the file blades bb, provided near the outer end with an aperture c, and
near the inner end with an aperture d, the bar a, is provided on its inner end
with a shank e, screw threaded on its outer end, said bar and shank having a
slot f, extending in alignment therewith and adapted to receive the fastening
device consisting of a bar g, screw threaded on its two edges for about half the
length of the bar, and provided on the opposite end with engaging lugs h, h,
formed by recesses cut in the edges of the bar between the screw threads and the
opposite end and adapted to engage the file blades in the aperture d; the screw
threaded end of the fastening bar is adapted to receive a collar or sleeve k, which
is swivelled or otherwise loosely held upon the inner end of the handle and turns

page_text: freely thereon. The end of the sleeve next the files is internally screw threaded
so as to engage with the thread upon the inner end of the bar, and the outer
surface of the sleeve is corrugated, cross checked or roughened in any manner,
so as to enable it to be freely turned' by hand; this handle 4, is also adapted to
engage on the screw threaded end e, of the bar a, which is provided on tht outer
end with studs m, m, projecting on each side, and adapted to engage in the
apertures c, c, these studs are provided with heads slightly enlarged to the size
of the shank to permit of locking the file blade securely on the bar a, the
aperture e, being adapted to conform to the studs. The bar a, is provided on its
two sides with a suitable covering n, which serves to protect the face of the
file lying next the bar and prevent injury to same; in actual practice I have found
paper to be the most satisfactory material to be employed for this covering or
packing though I do not wish to limit myself to this specific material.
In Fig. 61 have shown a modification in which the bar a is provided with a
pointed end a', which, is engaged by the handle 7, and this portion of the bar is
also engaged by clamps a², a, which pass through the file blades and are externally
screw threaded to receive the collar k, which holds the clamps in engagement;
in Figs. 9, 10 and 11, I have shown another slight modification in which the
bar a. is provided with a rounded portion 61 and the fastening bar g, is provided
with outwardly projecting points 62, 62, which form bearings and receive the
pointed ends of the bar, said pointed ends receiving the handle 7, which swings
on the bearing in an eccentric movement, and is locked in alignment with the bar
and file blades by means of a spring e, secured in the bar and carrying a pin c²,
projecting on each side thereof to engage in notches in the bar and pointed ends
thereof to hold the said parts rigid and in alignment with each other.
The assembling of the parts will be readily apparent from the views that I
have shown in the drawings, and I will now assume that it is desired to remove
the file blade on one or both sides; the sleeve is turned on the end of the handle,
and this forces the bar outward sufficiently far to permit the lugs h, h, being
disengaged from the file blades, which can then be easily removed from. the bar a,
by lifting on the file, disengaging same from its stud m; to replace the file, the
same is placed on the stud m, and in engagement with the lug h, the collar k is then
turned to tighten. the lugs h, h, against the file and hold the same; the handle /
is then turned so as to bring the flange formed on same against the collar, thus
tightening all parts firmly in position.
By this construction a considerably thinner blade may be employed, as the
blade a, will serve to strengthen the file to a much greater extent than is obtained
by a heavy file scraper; when one side of the file blade is worn, the blade may be
reversed so as to bring the other side into use, permitting the use of the file until
the four sides of the blade have become worn, when they may be removed and
new ones substituted.
Particular attention is directed to the special construction of the handle, as the
latter is so made that it will not split or break; furthermore that will prevent
.accidents that are now of common occurrence.
It will be noted that various changes may be made in the details of construction
without departing from the general spirit of my invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a file, a bar having a shank provided with a screw thread, said bar and
shank being slotted to receive a fastening plate, file plates secured on the bar, a
collar engaging the fastening plate, and a handle on the screw threaded end of the
bar, substantially as shown and described.
2. In a file bar, studs secured in the bar near its outer end, a shank formed on
its opposite end, said bar and shank being slotted to receive a fastening plate,
said plate having lugs to engage the file blades secured on the bar, a handle on

page_text: the shank and a collan engaging the fastening plate and handle to hold the parts
in their position, substantially as shown and described.
3. A file, consisting of the file blades secured on a bar, said bar provided with
a shank end to receive a handle, a fastening for the file blades, and a collar for
securing said blades, substantially as shown and described.
4. A file, consisting of a bar provided with studs near its one end, a shank
formed on its opposite end, a fastening plate in said bar, file blades secured thereon
by the studs and fastening plate, a handle on the shank end of the bar, a collar
engaging said handle and fastening plate, said bar being provided with a layer of
suitable material interposed between the same and the file blade, substantially as
shown and described.
5. In a file, a bar provided at its outer end with means for attachment with the
outer ends of the files which are applied to its sides, and its inner end with a
threaded shank, and a slot to receive a clamping or fastening plate, combined with
an internally threaded handle, a screw collar secured to the handle, and a clamping
or fastening plate placed in the slot in the bar, and which plate has means upon its
outer end to engage with the inner ends of the files applied to opposite sides of the
bar, and a screw thread upon its inner end to engage with the collar on the handle;
and the two files each provided with a perforation at each end, substantially as
shown.
6. In a file, the bar a, provided with a threaded shank e, and slot f, at its inner
end and with the projection m, at its outer end, and the handle 7, internally
threaded to receive the shank e, and provided with the internally threaded collar k,
combined with a separate clamping or fastening plate g, which is placed in the
slot f, and which is provided with the hooks or catches, at its outer end and
is screw threaded at its inner one; and the two files applied to opposite sides of
the bar, and provided with perforations at both ends, substantially as shown
and described.
Dated this 1st day of June 1897
J. C. CHAPMAN,
Associate Agent, 70 Chancery Lane, London, W.C.