Manufacture of Brushes.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Apr 1887
Complete Left, 11th Jan, 1888
Complete Accepted, 17th Feb., 1888
Manufacture of Brushes.
WO JAMES RAPER, MASON PEARSON and FREDERICK GILL, all of the firm of
Raper, Pearson & Gill of Royal Victor Place, Old Ford Road in the County
of Middlesex Brush Makers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention has reference to the manufacture. of brushes in an improved manner
adapted to produce a better article more economically of material and time and
rapidity with increased certainty of uniform excellence of production.
The classes of brushes to which the invention is particularly adapted are those
wherein the bristles of animal origin are held singly in sheets of india-rubber or like
elastic holding surfaces discs or pads and the bristles are locked in place by means
of a turned down inner end and cemented backing. These elastic sheets being after-
wards held in domed or other form in suitable rigid brush backs.
As manufactured previously to our present invention the brushes produced of this
class have been imperfect and not uniform in the holding of the bristles whilst by the
present invention the production is cheapened, expedited, and the resultant brushes are
of uniform excellence.
In putting our invention into practice we provide a block which is bored with a
series of holes of convenient size each to receive a bristle eventually as will be
described and each hole for convenience of construction passes throughout the
thickness of the block and the block is of thickness guaged to the length of bristles
to be left protruding from the pads or elastic discs then the back of this block is
closed up by an additional piece which renders the bristle holes blind and prevents the
bristles being displaced or falling through during the preparatory operations.
Instead of a mere flat backing plate to blind the holes in the bored block this
backing piece may be bored itself with blind holes guaging with those in the main
block and this backing may be changed at will for one with deeper or shallower holes
or none at all, or a third plate of variable thickness or other number of plates having
co-incident holes may be interposed between a plain back and the main perforated
block to build up the required depths of holes to the required gauged length of
bristles.

page_text: Over this combined block on the side of the open holes is placed a disc or piece of
appropriately shaped india-rubber or elastic sheet which has been previously pierced
with holes by the pins in series of a perforating machine carefully guaged to the holes
in the block so that these holes in each may when the block underlies the sheet be
co-incident in each.
For the convenience of the operative we paste or temporarily secure on the sheet
of india-rubber or elastic pad a sheet of paper which takes an accurate representation
of the pins of the perforator and the convenience of this will be obvious when it is
seen how the india-rubber closes up after the perforator pins are withdrawn.
Through these perforations in the elastic brush pad thus superposed on the block and
into the blind holes therein below are now thrust needle fashion, the bristles of properly
cut length one by one until the number required have been inserted and pressed truly
to the bottoms of the holes. These portions of the bristles within the block form
ultimately the brushing surface.
Then the piece of paper which formed the temporary guide to the situation of the
holes is steamed and removed from the pad back.
The pad back being now exposed to the operator with the short single stump ends
of the bristles projecting outwards a piece of wet cloth is placed on the bristles and the
block with the pad and its inserted bristles is turned over and placed on a steam
heated plate bringing the back of the pad and short ends of bristles thoreon and by
means of lateral pressure these bristle ends are bent over all in one and the same
direction and the block and pad pressed close down onto the plate with these now
crooked ends of bristles fast between the surfaces and after the block has been pressed
hard by weight pressure thereto for say 15 minutes it will be found that the bent
bristles will retain the set given them. The pressure of steam within the hot plate we
find it convenient to use is 40 lbs. to the square inch.
We next proceed to apply over these bent ends of the bristles and to the back of
the elastic bristle holding pad a sheet of cloth on which has been spread on the side
next the pad a coating of india-rubber adhesive solution such as is commonly employed
in the india-rubber manufacturing industries and this sheet is closely pressed onto and
so as to closely and firmly adhere to that pad and permanently lock the bristles.
DL 1012
C A1 1007

page_text: We JAMES RAPER, MASON PEARSON and FREDERICK GILL, all of the firm of
Raper, Pearson & Gill of Royal Victor Place, Old Ford Road in the County of
Middlesex, Brush Makers do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention has reference to the manufacture of brushes in an improved manner
adapted to produce a better article more economically of material and time and
rapidity with increased certainty of uniform excellence of production.
The classes of brushes to which the invention is particularly adapted are those
wherein the bristles of animal origin are held singly in sheets of india rubber or like
elastic holding surfaces discs or pads and the bristles are locked in place by means of
a turned down inner end and cemented backing: These elastic sheets being after-
wards held in domed or other form in suitable rigid brush backs.
As manufactured previously to our present invention the brushes produced of this
class have been imperfect and not uniform in the holding of the bristles whilst by the
present invention the production is cheapened expedited and the resultant brushes are of
uniform excellence.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is an endwise or cross section of a block a and Figure 2 is a plan thereof;
Figure 3 shews a block a in section lengthwise with a pad c on it and the bristles
in part thrust through it into the holes a¹ in the block a. Figure 4 shews the same
with the bristles all inserted and ready for pressing. Figure 5 shews the block a with
the pad c and bristles 6 being pressed down by application to a steam heated plate the
surface of which is represented by the line *, *. Figure 6 shews the sheet d smeared
with adhesive matter being pressed onto the back of the flattened bristles.
In putting our invention into practice we provide a block a which is bored with a
series of holes a¹ of convenient size each to receive a bristle b eventually as will be
described and each hole a¹ for convenience of construction passes throughout the
thickness of the block a and the block a is of thickness gauged to the length of
bristles 6 to be left protruding from the pads or elastic discs c then the back of this
block a is closed up by an additional piece a³ which renders the bristle holes a blind
Figure 1 is an endwise or cross section of a block a and Figure 2 is a plan thereof;
Figure 3 shews a block a in section lengthwise with a pad c on it and the bristles
in part thrust through it into the holes a¹ in the block a. Figure 4 shews the same
with the bristles all inserted and ready for pressing. Figure 5 shews the block a with
the pad c and bristles 6 being pressed down by application to a steam heated plate the
surface of which is represented by the line *, *. Figure 6 shews the sheet d smeared
with adhesive matter being pressed onto the back of the flattened bristles.
In putting our invention into practice we provide a block a which is bored with a
series of holes a¹ of convenient size each to receive a bristle 6 eventually as will be
described and each hole a¹ for convenience of construction passes throughout the
thickness of the block a and the block a is of thickness gauged to the length of
bristles 6 to be left protruding from the pads or elastic discs c then the back of this
block a is closed up by an additional piece a³ which renders the bristle holes a blind

page_text: and prevents the bristles 6 being displaced or falling through during the preparatory
operations.
Instead of a mere flat backing plate a² to blind the holes a¹ in the bored block a
this backing piece a² may be bored itself with blind holes gauging with those a' in
the main block a and this backing a² may be changed at will for one with deeper or
shallower holes or none at all, or a third plate of variable thickness or other number
of plates having coincident holes may be interposed between a plain back a² and the
main perforated block a to build up the required depths of holes to the required
gauged length of bristles.
Over this combined block a on the side of the open holes is placed a disc or piece of
appropriately shaped india rubber or elastic sheet c which has been previously
pierced with holes by the pins in series of a perforating machine carefully gauged to
the holes a¹ in the block so that these holes in each may when the block underlies the
sheet be coincident in each.
For the convenience of the operative we paste or temporarily secure on the sheet of
india rubber or elastic pad c a sheet of paper which takes an accurate representation
of the pins of the perforator and the convenience of this will be obvious when it is
seen how the india rubber closes up after the perforator pins are withdrawn.
Through the perforations in the elastic brush pad e thus superposed on the block and
into the blind holes a¹ therein below are now thrust needle fashion, the bristles b of
properly cut length one by one until the number required have been inserted and
pressed truly to the bottoms of the holes. These portions of the bristles 6 within the
block a form ultimately the brushing surface.
Then the piece of paper which formed the temporary guide to the situation of the
holes a¹ is steamed and removed from the pad back.
The pad back being now exposed to the operator with the short single stump
ends of the bristles projecting outwards a piece of wet cloth x is placed on the
bristles and the block with the pad and its inserted bristles is turned over and
placed on a steam heated plate *, *, bringing the back of the pad c and short ends of
bristles thereon, and by means of lateral pressure these bristle ends are bent over
all in one and the same direction and the block a and pad c pressed close down onto
the plate *,*, with these now crooked ends of bristles b fast between the surfaces c
and *, *, after the block a has been pressed hard by weight pressure thereto for say 15
minutes it will be found that the bent bristles 6 will retain the set given them. The
pressure of steam within the hot plate we find it convenient to use is 40 lbs. to the
square inch.
We next proceed to apply over these bent ends of the bristles b and to the back of
the elastic bristle holding pad c a sheet of cloth d on which has been spread
on the
side next the pan c a coating of india rubber adhesive solution such as is commonly
employed in the india rubber manufacturing industries and this sheet dis closely
pressed onto and so as to closely and firmly adhere to that pad and permanently lock
the bristles.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
The herein described method of and apparatus for manufacturing the parts of
brushes formed of animal bristles 6 set singly in elastic pads or discs c so that a per-
manent locking of each separate bristle 6 may be effectually secured and the
manufacture thereof rendered uniformly efficient and simple which method consists in
the employment of a block a perforated with the requisite series of holes a¹ having
at their bottom ends a stop plate a² to prevent their protrusion; the perforation of a
C, the
series of corresponding holes in a disc or sheet of rubber or elastic material
placing of the same over the holes a' in the block a, the insertion of bristles there-
through and into the holes in the block each bristle singly, as far as and so as to
enable their uniform length to be gauged by the bottom of the block preferably using
a sheet of paper temporarily to indicate the position of the perforations in the elastic

page_text: sheet, and the bending, setting, and locking in place of the inner ends of the bristles
by the pressure thereof onto a steam heated plate or chest and the retention thereof
under pressure for a regulated time and the cementing thereto of a locking sheet of
india rubber solutioned cloth as set forth.