Improvements in Lubricants.
Year: 1896

page_text: Improvements in Lubricants.
I, FRIEDRICH WILHELM KLEVER, of 6 Brandenburgstrasse, Cologne on the Rhine,
in the Empire of Germany, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
Mineral oils possess the property of protecting iron and steel against the formation
of rust and of facilitating the removal of any rust that may have formed. This well
known property is largely utilized in practice, as proved by the extensive employment
of mineral oils for lubricating all kinds of machinery. Mineral oils, however, on account
of their high prices, have only been used hitherto in cases where the consumption
was comparatively small and their rejection after use, as waste substances, not
necessary. Thus, for example, mineral oil, solely for economical reasons, has not
heretofore been used for facilitating boring and cutting operations where it would
serve as a moistening liquid, which after having drained from the cut or board metal,
would be unfit for use again, while the use of water in the above operations of boring
and cutting metal is the frequent cause of the latter becoming rusty. For economical
reasons, also, mineral oil has not hitherto been employed as a pressure-liquid in
hydraulic engines, in spite of the fact that, in this case the use of a rust preventive
would be of great value.
The object of this invention is to utilize mineral oil in a state or form which
possesses all the lubricating qualities of mineral oil without however, being so
expensive. According to my invention a mixture of mineral oil is produced, which
is capable of forming an emulsion when mixed with water and watery liquids, the
said mineral oil mixture, even if its proportional quantity is very small, imparts to
such emulsions the capability of preventing the formation of rust on iron and steel.
A further advantage of using an emulsion of this kind is that its freezing point is
lowered, a property of great value for many purposes.
This oil mixture is also applicable for other purposes where mineral oils, apart
from the consideration of their cost, could not hitherto be used.
The emulsion produced by mixing the oil with water, is extraordinarily cheap and
can be advantageously employed in cases where the lubricant necessarily comes in
contact with water and where hitherto the oil was liable to be washed away by the
water. As however in the present case the oil mixture or the emulsion is enabled to
mix with the water, the liability above referred to is avoided.
This emulsion of oil is produced by mixing paraffinum liquidum, or heavy mineral
oils in general (either of these substances separately or both together) with oleic acid,
preferably from 20 to 25 per cent., and by adding thereto an alkali or alkalies,
preferably ammonia. By the addition of an alkali to the mixture of mineral oil and
oleic acid the mixture is rendered capable of emulsification. The amount of alkali
required for obtaining the emulsification varies and must be ascertained by special
experiments.
The oil mixture produced in the above described manner, even if added in a very
small quantity to the water, is capable of preserving metal from rust. Thus, for

page_text: example, the oil mixture even when forming an emulsion with water in the proportion
of two parts of the former to 98 parts of the latter, will prevent the rusting of iron
and steel; whilst the freezing point of an emulsion obtained by mixing 2 parts of the
said oil mixture with 98 parts of water is from 3 to 5 degrees below that of water.
Dated this 1st day of August 1896.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
I, FRIEDRICH WILHELM KLEVER, of 6 Brandenburgstrasse, Cologne on the Rhine,
in the Empire of Germany, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in the following statement :-
Mineral oils possess the property of protecting iron and steel against the formation
of rust and of facilitating the removal of any rust that may have formed. This well
known property is largely utilized in practice, as proved by the extensive employment
of mineral oils for lubricating all kinds of inachinery. Mineral oils, however, on
account of their high prices, have only been used hitherto in cases, where the
consumption was comparatively small and their rejection after use as waste substance
not necessary. Thus, for example mineral oil solely for economical reasons, has not
heretofore been used for facilitating boring and cutting operations where it would
merely serve as a moistening liquid, which after having drained from the cut or bored
metal, would be unfit for use again, while the use of water in the above operations of
boring and cutting metal is the frequent cause of the latter becoming rusty. For
economical reasons, also, mineral oil has not hitherto been employed as a pressure-
liquid in hydraulic engines, in spite of the fact that, in this case the use of a rust
preventative would be of great value.
The object of this invention is to utilize mineral oil in a state or form which
possesses all the lubricating qualities of mineral oil without, however, being so
expensive. According to my invention a mixture of mineral oil is produced, which
is capable of forming an emulsion when mixed with water and watery liquids, the
said mineral oil mixture, even if its proportional quantity is very small, imparts to
such emulsions the capability of preventing the formation of rust on iron and
steel.
A further advantage of using an emulsion of this kind is that its freezing point is
lowered, a property of great value for many purposes.
This oil mixture is also applicable for other purposes where mineral oils, apart
from the consideration of their cost, could not hitherto be used.
The emulsion produced by mixing the oil with water, is extraordinarily cheap and
can be advantageously employed in cases where the lubricant necessarily comes in
contact with water and where hitherto the oil. was liable to be washed away by
the water. As however in the present case the oil mixture or the emulsion is enabled
to mix with the water, the liability above referred to is avoided.
This emulsion of oil is produced by mixing parffinum liquidum, or heavy mineral
oils in general (either of these substances separately or both together) with oleic
acid, preferably from 20 to 25 per cent., and by adding thereto an alkali or alkalies,
preferably ammonia. By the addition of an alkali to the mixture of mineral oil and
oleic acid the mixture is rendered capable of emulsification. The amount of alkali
required for obtaining the emulsification varies from 1 to 2 per cent. and must be
ascertained by special experiments.

page_text: The oil mixture produced in the above described manner, even if added in a very
Sinall quantity to the water, is capable of preserving metal from rust. Thus, for
example, the oil mixture even when forming an emulsion with water in the proportion
of 2 parts of the former to 98 parts of the latter, will prevent the rusting of iron and
steel; whilst the freezing point of an emulsion obtained by mixing 2 parts of the
said oil mixture with 98 parts of water is from 3 to 5 degrees below that of water.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is
A process of producing a mineral oil mixture consisting in the mixing of paraffinum
liquidum or heavy mineral oils, either separately or together, with oleic acid and an
alkali or alkalies preferably ammonia; and the method of producing an emulsion from
such mineral oil mixture by adding thereto water or watery liquids.
Dated this 1st day of May 1897
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.