Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres for Wheels and Arrangements in connection with such Wheels.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres for Wheels and Arrangements in
connection with such Wheels.
JOHN ADAIR, Baker, Waterford, co. Waterford, Ireland, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
To prevent air tubes being nipped by the edges of a pneumatic cover or by any
connections with same-I employ clastic bands, which bands are attached to the
cover, & strapped around the air tube thus holding the air tube into the cover, &
preventing it falling or spreading under the edges of cover, during the process of
placing such cover on rim.
This strapping may be performed by one end of strap having an eye in it, &
the other end an enlargement which slips into the eye.
A further means-is to have rubber or steel seats in rim upon which the
edges of cover may be seated-clasps being in such seats, which hold or grasp the
air tube previous to inflation-& open or yield during inflation-an advantage
from this arrangement is, that such seats will hold the cover in its place on rim
previous to & during inflation & also perform as a means of protecting air tube
from nipping of thin straps may be around the air tube only.
In elastic coils where springs are used after the manner of my Patent
No. 23,996 instead of attaching such springs as are therein described by a screw
at one end & a hook at the other, I screw in both ends to the wire coil.
Further, instead of a spring as indicated by the above mentioned patent, I may
use a spring steel wire-placing such wire outside the cover, viz. between the
rim & the cover-or inside the cover-viz.: in the loop of such cover-or if
desirable I may place it outside the loop & next to the air tube.
To assist the operation of the inflation pressure in restraining such spring
from arching or rising I may increase the surface of the wire by
encasing it in a sheath of rubber or other suitable material tapering
such sheath at the ends if desirable. Further to increase the security
of the coil from expanding by the inflation strain-I place a bead which may be
formed of wire or any suitable material, on the edge of the cover-on the outside
part of same or on the inside of the loop-or upon any other part-according to
the position of the spring-such bead grasping on the spring prevents its rising
this bead may if desirable extend the full length of the spring, or beyond it.
Further this wire spring might be constructed by bending the wire of the coil,
first to the left for a distance of say 4 or 5 inches-& then to the right continuing
the coil & connecting the ends at the termination of the circle of the coil.
.
If desirable there might be a second bending which would increase the strength
of the spring, also at the bends eyes might be turned which would give more of a
hinge form to the bends-further-as expressed in my Patent No. 23,996 there
may be 2 or more of such springs consequently I may diminish their length to
2 inches or less-according to their number.
I may attach a canvas flap to the side of the tyre--the termination of such

page_text: flap being connected to any device that is to be held by inflation strain, acting
on this flap directly or indirectly-into its required position-say by way of
illustration the spring wire, as alluded to in this specification-such spring wire
being outside the tyre-viz. between the tyre & the rim is attached to the flap-
thus when the tyre is inflated the canvas flap being pulled or strained by the
inflation holds the wire into its position; & when the tyre is deflated, the flap
yielding allows the spring to bend outwardly, & thus the coil to expand.
:
As already mentioned I only give this as an illustration-as I can work this flap
in various other ways & for distinction, I term this-an "inflation tightening
flap."
The canvass flap might run through a loop of tape or wire in the side of tyre-and
such wire might be the circle wire of the coil-viz. the wire in the edge of
tyre.
improvements in геишаис дугов 201
connection with such Wheels.
JOHN ADAIR, Baker, Waterford, co. Waterford, Ireland, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement: -
The object of this invention is to facilitate the fitting to and removal of pneumatic
tyres from wheel rims,
An important feature of my invention consists in providing means for prevent-
ing the air tube being nipped between the edge of the outer cover and the rim.
A further important feature of my invention relates to a spring device inter-
posed in the wire coil at the edge of the tyre cover, whereby the said wire coil is
permitted to expand or lengthen when the cover is being placed in position on
the rim, or removed therefrom. To increase the elasticity of the coil more than
one such device may be interposed.
To prevent air tubes being nipped by the edges of a pneumatic cover, or by
any connections with same, I employ elastic bands, which bands are attached
to the cover, and strapped around the air tube, thus holding the air tube into
the cover, and preventing it falling or spreading under the edges of cover during
the process of placing such cover on rimi.
This strapping may be performed by one end of strap having an eye in it, and
other end an enlargement which slips into the eye.
A further means is to have rubber or steel seats in rim upon which the edges
of the cover may be seated. An advantage from this arrangement is that
such seats will hold the cover in its place on rim, previous to, and during inflation.
In clastic coils where springs are used after the manner of my Patent
No. 23,996,
Instead of a spring as indicated by the above referred to patent, I use a spring
steel wire placing such wire inside the cover-riz.: in the loop of such cover-or
if desirable I may place it outside the loop.
Further, to increase the security of the coil from expanding by inflation
strain I place a bead which may be formed of wire, or any suitable material
on the inside of the loop of cover-or upon any other part-according to the
position of the spring-such bead, grasping on the spring, prevents its arching or
rising.

page_text: This wire spring is constructed by bending the wire of the coil-first to the left
and then to the right—continuing the coil and connecting the ends at the termina-
tion of the circle of the coil, also at the bends, eyes might be turned which would
give more of a hinge form to the bends-further, as expressed in my Patent
No. 23,996 there may be two or more of such springs.
Another means of working same is to attach a canvass flap to the side of the
tyre-the termination of such flaps being connected to any device-say the spring
wire as alluded to in this specification.
For distinction I term this canvas flap-an inflation tightening flap."
In order that my invention may be clearly understood and readily carried into
effect I will proceed to describe the same more fully with reference to the
accompanying drawings in which :—
Figure 1 is a cross section of the outer cover of a pneumatic tyre provided
with means to prevent the inner tube being nipped between the edges of the said
cover and the wheel rim.
Figure 2 shows the method of connecting the ends of the supporting band
shown in Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a plan of the blocks and their connecting band which I place in
the wheel rim.
Figure 4 is a cross section of a wheel rim having the blocks and connecting
band in position.
Figure 5 is a longitudinal section of a tyre cover showing the wire spring in
the edge thereof.
Figures 6 and 7 are cross sectional views of one edge of an outer cover, showing
the position of the spring when the tyre is deflated and inflated respectively.
Figures S, 8 Sb and 9 are views of the wire springs detached from the cover.
Fig. 8 being a plan view of Fig. 8".
Figure 10 is a cross sectional view of one edge of a tyre cover showing a
modified form of spring.
Figures 11 and 12 are cross sectional views of one edge of a tyre cover showing
another modification of spring.
Referring to Figures 1 and 2, A is the outer cover of a pneumatic tyre. Bis
an elastic band attached at or about its centre to the inside of the tread of the
cover A. One end of the band B has a slot or eye b formed therein and the other
end thereof is provided with a broad tongue & having a narrow neck. Any required
number of these elastic bands are placed at intervals in the cover A, and are passed
round the inner air tube; the ends of each band being connected by passing the
tongue through the eye or slot b, so that the said slot engages with the neck
of the tongue as shown in Figure 2. The air tube is thus supported and is
consequently less liable to be nipped between the edges of the cover and the
wheel rim.
03
Referring to Figure 3, C, C are blocks of soft india rubber, which are connected
by a band e preferably of rubber and placed in the wheel rim as shown in Figure 4.
are internal rubber facings running round this rim. I may employ eight or
more of these blocks (C) in each rim. Upon these blocks C the edges of the
cover A rest when the tyre is deflated, and the wire spring device hereinafter
described is placed in the space betwen two contiguous blocks. The blocks, C, C,
serve to support the cover previously to and during inflation. If preferred the
blocks C may each be fixed in the rim, when the band c would not be required.
When the tyre is deflated the edges of the cover A are at liberty to move into the
spaces between the soft rubber blocks C towards the bed of the rim, and the wire
coil is thus enabled to more easily contract to the force of the spring d. When
inflation takes place, however, the inflation pressure moves the edges of the
cover A outwards from the bed of the rim and in degree closes the wire coil on
the said soft rubber blocks.
Referring to Figures 5, 6 and 7 d is a spring formed by bending the
wire 1) which surrounds the edge of the outer cover, into a loop (as shown for

page_text: example in Figures 8, 8, or Figure 9). E is a pocket formed in the cover A, for
the reception of said spring d. is a solid piece or bead attached to said pocket.
The pocket E prevents the spring d arching too much when operated as herein-
ofter explained, and the ends of the spring & are secured to said pocket, preferably
by stitching, in order to maintain it in position.
When the tyre is deflated and a strain is put upon the wire D in order to
remove the edge of the cover from or place it in the rim, the spring d arches as
shown in dotted line in Figures 5 and 6, and thereby permits the wire D which
passes round the edge of the cover A, to stretch or increase in length, and thus
facilitates the removal of the said cover from, or the placing of it in the rim.
When the tyre is inflated the air pressure secures the edges of the cover firmly in
the rim by the tightening of the cover, closing the pocket E, and pressing the
wires D against the edge of the rim thus preventing the spring d from arching
out of its normal position. The internal pressure of the air also forces the bead F
firmly against the cover A, as shown in Figure 7, thus causing said bead to act as
an additional security to check any possible tendency of the spring d to move out
of its normal position.
I may also place a bead or enlargement such as E Figure S on the spring d as an
additional security to prevent the said spring from arching when the tyre is
inflated.
Referring to Figure 10 the wire coil D) passing round the edges of the tyre is so
bent that the spring wire d lies at the side of and not below the coil as in the
preceding figures. The spring wire d is in this case placed outside the cover A
and between it and the rim of the wheel. E is the pocket formed in the tyre cover
and through which the wire coil passes, I is the solid piece or bead which may be
now placed on the outside of the cover A.
Another means for securing the spring wire into its required position. Gis
what I term an inflation tightening flap. " of canvas or other suitable inelastic
material one end of which is attached to the spring wire d and the other end of
which is attached at g to the inside of the cover A. When the tyre is inflated the
air pressure maintains the flap G in the position shown in the figure and thus
acts as an additional security to prevent the spring wire d from arching.
dotted lines in this figure show the position assumed by the spring & when the
edge of the cover is stretched for removal or fitting on.
The
Referring to Figures 11 and 12. A is the cover, and the pocket through
which the wire coil passes. The spring wire d is preferably formed as shown in
Figure 8 Fig. 8 or Figure 9. H is a flap of cord, tape or other suitable material
the ends of which are attached at to the cover A, and which, entering the
pocket E by means of an opening therein, is passed round the spring wire & and
the bends of the wire coil as shown.
When the tyre is deflated the wire spring d is capable of arching as shown in
Figure 11, but when the tyre is inflated the air pressure retains the flap H in the
position shown in Figure 12 so that the said flap acts as an additional security
to prevent any tendency of the spring wire d to arch.
Care must be taken when attaching the tyre to the rim to place the spring
between two contiguous blocks C, so as to give the said spring more freedom to lie
below the coil wire 1). When attaching the cover to the rim the spring should
be placed in position first, but when taking off the cover from the rim the spring
should be removed last. The wire coil D may have its extremities connected by
hooking into each other.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:
1. The use of elastic bands substantially as described with reference to Figures 1
and 2 of the accompanying drawings for the purpose specified.
2. The use of rubber or similar blocks placed in the rim of the wheel, sub-

page_text: stantially as described with reference to Figures 3 and 4 of the accompanying
drawings for the purpose specified.
3. The use of a wire spring formed by bending the wire surrounding the edge
of the tyre cover, substantially as described for the purpose specified.
4. In combination with the wire spring referred to in Claim 3, the use
substantially as described of the solid piece or bead, for the purpose specified.
5. Inflation tightening flaps after the manner described and further illustrated
by reference to Figs. 10, 11, and 12 of the accompanying drawing
G. A pneumatic tyre constructed, arranged, and operating substantially as
described with reference to Figures 5, 6 and 7, or to Figure 10, or to Figures 11
and 12 of the accompanying drawings, for the purposes specified.
7. My improvements in pneumatic tyres and their connections, substantially as
described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 22nd day of fith month 1800