IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF WEAVING COUNTER- PANES OR QUILTS, APPLICABLE IN PART TO THE WEAVING OF SOME OTHER 'GOODS' OR ARTICLES
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Kippax and James Kippax, both of
Bolton-le-Moors, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturers, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF WEAVING COUNTER-
PANES OR QUILTS, APPLICABLE IN PART TO THE WEAVING OF SOME OTHER
'GOODS' OR ARTICLES."
Scaled the 7th January 1870, and dated the 19th October 1869.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said John Kippax and James
Kippax at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition and Declaration, on the 19th October 1869, pursuant to
the 9th Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
KIPPAX and JAMES KIPPAX, of Bolton-le-Moors, in the County of
Lancaster, Manufacturers, send greeting.
WHEREAS we are in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE METHOD OF WEAVING COUNTERPANES OR QUILTS, APPLICABLE IN PART TO
THE WEAVING OF SOME OTHER GOODS' OR ARTICLES," and have petitioned Her
Majesty to grant unto us, our executors, administrators, and assigns, Her
Royal Letters Patent for the same, and have made solemn Declaration
that we are the true and first Inventors thereof.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Kippax and James Kippax,
do hereby declare that the following Complete Specification, under our
hands and seals, fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, in and by
the following statement and accompanying Drawings.
Our Invention relates principally to the manufacture of counterpanes
or quilts ordinarily employed as coverings for beds, and more par-
ticularly to those counterpanes which are ornamented with geometrical
or figured designs on one side or on both sides thereof, but portions of
the said Invention may be adapted to the production of toilet covers,
skirtings, and other similar goods or articles.
When weaving the said counterpanes or quilts in manner according
with our said Invention we employ a jacquard apparatus working in
connection with the ordinary healds or with an equivalent therefor, but
when weaving small patterns often repeated, or when otherwise found to
be suitable or convenient, other apparatus than the jacquard may be
employed to form the pattern.
In order that our method of weaving the said counterpanes or quilts
may be readily understood by practical weavers we have supplied to
accompany this Specification a Sheet of Drawings or Diagrams, on which
are represented the drafts which shew the order in which the ends of the
warps are lifted, and also Figures representing small portions of the
cloth drawn to an enlarged scale. The intervals between the three
horizontal lines in the uppermost part of each draft represent two
consecutive dents of the reed, and the numerals marked therein indicate
the order in which the warp ends are drawn in, that is to say, are drawn
through the said dents. The vertical lines represent the warp ends, and
the presence of a cross on the intersection of any one of the said ends
with any one of the horizontal lines representing the picks indicates that
the said end is to be lifted for that pick.
Referring to the said Diagrams Draft 1 and Fig. 1 shew the method
of weaving a satin top figured counterpane of a comparatively cheap
and effective description. In this example two warps are employed, a
face warp and a back warp, and two ends of the face warp and one
end of the back warp are drawn through each dent of the reed, the
face warp thus having twice as many ends as the back warp. It will
be seen that the back end in each dent is drawn in between the two
face ends in each dent. The back ends are attached to or operated

page_text: upon by the jacquard, and the face ends by the healds, and one pick
is woven to each card. The weft employed consists of rovings, or is
otherwise of a considerably coarser description than the warp, as illus-
trated by the Figure 1. When weaving in accordance with Draft 1 the
ends of warps are lifted in the following order, namely:-In all places
where the ground is being made the two face ends in each alternate dent
and the back ends in the intermediate dents are lifted for one pick, and
for the next pick the back end in each of the said alternate dents
and the face ends in the said intermediate dents are lifted. Where
making the raised portion of the pattern, design, or figure the face ends
alone are lifted, the two ends in each alternate dent being lifted for one
pick, and the two ends in each intermediate dent for the next pick, the
back ends floating under.
In Draft 2 and Fig. 2 the order in which the ends are drawn in
differs slightly from that of the previous example, the single end of the
back warp in each dent being drawn in either previously to or after
the two face ends, the said single end being situated to one side of
In this
instead of being between the two face ends, as aforesaid.
example when forming the ground the back end and one of the face ends,
as, for example, the second from the said back end in each alternate dent
and the first face end in each intermediate dent are lifted for one pick,
and for the next pick the second face end in each said alternate dent
and the back end and the first face end in each said intermediate dent
are lifted. When making the raised figure the face ends alone are
lifted, the ends in each alternate dent being lifted for one pick, and
the ends in the intermediate dents for the next pick, as when weaving
plain cloth.
When weaving in manner as illustrated by Draft 3 and Fig. 3 two
back ends and one face end are drawn through each dent, the said face
end being situated between the said back ends. In this example when
making the ground the two back ends in each alternate dent and the
face end in the intermediate dents are lifted for one pick, and for the
next pick the face end in each said alternate dent and the back ends in
the said intermediate dents are lifted. When making the raised figure
the face ends alone are lifted alternately, as when making plain cloth.
Draft 4 and Figure 4 illustrate a method of weaving a counterpane or
quilt having a raised figure or raised figures with a satin face on both
sides of the said counterpane or quilt. In this example five ends of

page_text: warp are drawn through each dent, namely, two ends of a top face warp,
two ends of a bottom face warp, and one end of a ground warp. When
making the ground the two face warp ends in each alternate dent and
the ground warp end in each intermediate dent are lifted for a first top
cloth pick, and for a first bottom cloth pick the top and bottom face ends
in each said alternate dent and the top face and ground warp ends in
each said intermediate dent are lifted. For a second top cloth pick the
ground warp end in each said alternate dent and the top face ends in
each said intermediate dent are lifted, and for a second bottom cloth
pick the top face ends and the ground warp end in each said alternate
dent and the top and bottom face ends in each said intermediate dent
are lifted. When making the raised figure the top face ends in each
alternate dent are lifted alternately with the corresponding ends in the
intermediate dents for the top cloth picks, and for the bottom cloth
picks the top face ends and the ground warp ends are lifted at each pick,
the bottom face ends being lifted in the same order as the top face ends
when making figure on the top face.
Draft 5 illustrates a method of weaving a counterpane or quilt having
a figured satin top face on one side, and a figured quilting face on the
other side. In this case the said counterpane or quilt is woven with five
ends to each dent, arranged as in the last previous example, but two
picks are made with a comparatively fine weft to form the quilting face
on the one side to each pick made with a comparatively coarse weft to
form the satin face on the other side. When making the ground one top
face end, as, for example, the first and the ground warp end in each
alternate dent and the first top face end in each intermediate dent are
lifted for a first quilting face pick, and for a second quilting face pick
the second top face end and the ground warp end in each said alternate
dent and the second top face end in each said intermediate dent are
lifted. For a first satin face pick the top and bottom face ends in each
said alternate dent and the top face ends and ground warp end in each
said intermediate dent are lifted, and for a second satin face pick the top
face ends and the ground warp end in each said alternate dent and the
top and bottom face ends in each said intermediate dent are lifted two
quilting face picks made with the top face ends lifted, as aforesaid, and
with the ground warp end in each intermediate dent lifted, completing
the round. When making the raised figure on the quilting face side one
top face end in each dent is lifted alternately with the other top face

page_text: end, as when making plain cloth; and when making the raised figure on
the satin top side the top face ends and the ground warp ends are lifted
at each pick, and the bottom face ends in each alternate dent are lifted
alternately with the corresponding ends in the intermediate dents.
Draft 6 illustrates a method of weaving a counterpane or quilt
differing from the last example in that two picks of the coarse weft are
made for each two picks made with the fine weft, one of the said two
picks of coarse weft appearing on the satin top face, the other pick,
herein-after styled the intermediate pick, being woven in the body of the
cloth between the two faces, and adding to the substance and appearance
of the said counterpane or quilt. When making the ground two quilting
face picks are made with the warp ends lifted in manner as described
when referring to Draft 5. The third pick is an intermediate pick, and
is made with the top face ends in all the dents, and the ground warp
ends in each alternate dent lifted. The fourth pick is made in the same
manner as the third pick, and the fifth and sixth picks as the first and
second picks in Draft 5. The seventh pick is a second intermediate pick
made with the ends lifted as for the first intermediate pick, the eighth
pick being made with the top face ends in each alternate dent, and the
top and bottom face ends and the ground warp end in each intermediate
dent lifted. Where making the raised figure one top face end is lifted
alternately with the other top face end in the same dent for the quilting
face picks, and for the intermediate picks all the top face ends are lifted,
the same ends being lifted for the bottom or satin face picks as in the
example illustrated by Draft 5.
Although Drafts 5 and 6 represent the quilting face as being formed
on the upper side when the cloth is in the loom, the said face may be
formed on the under side of the cloth, the Drafts being modified
accordingly, as will be well understood by the practical weaver. The
term alternate dent wherever used in this Specification must be under-
stood as referring to the dent marked 1 in all the Drafts, and to each
alternate dent therefrom; and the term intermediate dent to the dent
marked 2 in the said Drafts, and to each alternate dent therefrom.
If it is found to be desirable to increase the substance of the
counterpanes woven according to Drafts 1, 2, and 3, and at the samė
time to improve the appearance of the backs thereof, a slight modification
may be made in the said Drafts, and a bottom pick be made in addition
to each top or face pick.

page_text: Draft 7 illustrates the said modification as applied to Draft 1. In all
places where making the ground a first top face pick is made with the
warp ends lifted as for the first pick in Draft 1. For a first bottom pick
all the face ends together with the back ends in the alternate dents
are lifted, and for a second top face pick the face ends in each inter-
mediate dent and the back end in each alternate dent are lifted, the
second bottom pick being made with all the face ends together with
the back ends in the intermediate dents lifted. The said bottom picks
are stitched in by or woven in with the back warp ends at suitable
intervals so as to form a floating weft figure.
Having now fully described the nature of our said Invention, and
methods for carrying the same into practical effect, we would have it to
be understood that we claim, the formation, manufacturing, or weaving
of counterpanes or bed quilts in manner according substantially with any
of the various methods as herein-before described and as illustrated in
the accompanying Sheet of Diagrams and Drawings, and also the
adaptation to the weaving or manufacturing of toilet covers, skirtings,
and similar goods or articles of any of the said methods which may be
found to be novel and suitable when so adapted.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Kippax and James Kippax,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Fifteenth day of
October, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-nine.
Signed and sealed by the said John
Kippax and James Kippax in
the presence of
EDWARD K. DUTTON,
Agent to the Patentees,
3, Smithy Door,
Manchester.
(L.S.)
JOHN KIPPAX.
JAMES KIPPAX. (L.S.)