Improvements in Looms for Weaving Double-faced Pile Fabrics.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Dec., 1892-Accepted, 18th Feb., 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Looms for Weaving Double-faced Pile Fabrics.
I, JOSEPH COLEY, of 451 Southbridge Street, in the City of Worcester, in the
County of Worcester, and State of Massachusetts, United States of America,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained, in and by
the following statement :-
My invention relates to pile fabric looms, and more particularly to looms for
my Letters
weaving the double faced reversible pile fabric shown and described in
Patent of Great Britain, No. 10,937, dated June 9th, 1892, to which reference is
hereby made for a detail description of the fabric itself.
The object of my invention is to provide an automatic power loom for manu-
facturing the double faced or reversible pile fabric referred to, and my invention
consists in certain novel features of construction and operation of the loom, as
will be hereinafter fully described and the nature thereof indicated by the claims.
I have shown in the drawings my improvements applied to the ordinary, Brussels
loom, the construction and operation of which is somewhat changed and modified, to
allow the application of my improvements thereto.
Referring to the drawings:-
Fig. 1 is a front elevation of sufficient portions of a loom, looking in the
direction of arrow a, Fig. 2, to illustrate the nature of my invention applied
thereto.
Fig. 2 is an end elevation, and a partial section through the lay, breast beam,
and take-up roll, looking in the direction of arrow b, Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a detail of the pile wire guiding and spreading mechanism.
Fig. 4 corresponds to Fig. 3, but shows the open position of the jaws.
Fig. 5 shows the double pile wire, used in the manufacture of a double faced
Brussels carpet with loops on each side thereof.
Fig. 6 corresponds with Fig. 5, but shows a knife on the end of one of the wires,
which are used in the manufacture of the double faced fabric with a looped surface
on one side and a cut pile surface on the other.
Fig. 7 corresponds with Fig. 6, but shows a knife on the end of each of the wires,
which are used to manufacture the double faced fabric with a cut pile surface on
both sides.
Figs. 8, 9, 10, and 11 are diagrammatic representations of different sheds of the
pile forming warps, and positions of the jacquard cords, and operating mechanism,
as will be hereinafter fully described.
I have shown in the drawings only such parts of an ordinary Brussels loom as
are required, to understand the construction and operation of the loom, with my
improvements applied thereto.
In the accompanying drawings, 1 is the loom side, 2 the cam shaft carrying
gear 3, which meshes with and driven by a gear 4 on the main shaft 5 driven in
any ordinary manner, and on which is fast a crank 6, which through toggle
arms 8 and 9 and crank connector 7, oscillates the lay 10 in the ordinary manner,
see Fig. 2.
The lay swords 11 are fast at their lower ends 11, on the rock shaft 12, which
extends across the loom and is journaled in bearings on the loom sides in the
ordinary way.
The picker sticks 13, one at each side of the loom, which drive the shuttles, are
of the ordinary construction, and are pivoted at their lower ends on arms 14, fast
on the ends of the shaft 12, and are operated by the ordinary picking mechanism,
not shown.
A spiral spring 15 is connected with the lower ends of the picker sticks' 13,

page_text: through the straps 16, and serves to return the picker sticks to their normal
position, all in the usual way. The lay 10 is provided with two stationary shuttle
boxes 17 and 18, one above the other, at each end of the lay, see Fig. 2.
In the operation of the loom two shuttles are used, one of which travels on the
lay, and the other on the warp, and the shuttles are shot simultaneously from
opposite sides of the loom, so as to pass each other in the sheds.
I will now describe the wire mechanism, by means of which the wires are
thrust into, and withdrawn from the sheds, to form the looped or pile surface in
the fabric.
The construction and operation of the wire mechanism shown in the drawings is
substantially the same as the construction and operation of the wire mechanism in
the ordinary Brussels loom, but has some additional features, as I employ two pile
wires or a double wire.
The shaft 19 of the wire mechanism is supported in bearings in the extension 20
of the loom frame, and is geared to the main shaft 5 by beveled gears 21 and 22,
fast on shafts 19 and 5 respectively. A crank 23 is fast on the forward end of the
connector 24, the other end of which is pivoted on the lower end of the arm 25,
which is pivoted at 26 on the extension frame 20; to the upper end of the arm 25
is attached one end of the connector 27; the other end of connector 27 is secured
to the wire mechanism slide 28, which is fitted to slide freely on the guide 29; a
link 30 connects the slide 28 with the slide 31, which moves freely on
bar 32, to guide the pile wires, all in the usual manner.
guide
A double wire, or two pile wires 33, see Fig. 5, are used to form the loop
surface on both sides of the fabric. The pile wires 33 are united at their inner
ends, and provided with an opening 33', for engagement with the wire operating
mechanism, in the usual way, and with a projection 33". This projection forms a
notch in the wire which comes against the edge of the fabric and limits the thrust
of the wire into said fabric.
In Fig. 6 a knife 331, is shown on one of the wires, and in Fig. 7 on both of the
wires, to cut the loops and form a cut pile surface.
In the operation of the wire mechanism, as the wires are thrust into the sheds,
the upper wire into the upper shed opening, above the body of the fabric, and the
lower wire into the lower shed opening, below the body of the fabric, it is necessary
that the free ends of the wires should be spread apart, so that they will freely pass
into the sheds. The mechanism for spreading apart the free ends of the wires 33
as they are thrust into the upper and lower shed openings, consists in this instance
of the ordinary guide arm 34, pivoted at its upper end at 34', on the arm 34" on
the cross bar 35, see Figs. 1 and 2; the lower end of the arm 34 is curved
inwardly, and cut out to form an open end triangular slot 36 therein, see Fig. 4.
On the lower end of the arm 34 is pivoted on a screw or pin 37, a lever 38, which
is provided at its lower end with an open end slot 39; the lever 38 forms the
movable jaw, working on and in connection with the stationary jaw, formed by the
lower slotted end of the arm 34.
A spring 40 is attached at one end by a screw or pin 41, to the arm 34, and at
the other end to the lever 38 and serves to open the jaws and hold them apart, as
shown in Fig. 4.
The arm 34 is swung out and in, to guide the wires as they are thrust into the
shed openings, by the ordinary mechanism, consisting of the connector 42,
adjustably attached at one end to the arm 34, and at the other end to a lever 43
pivoted at its lower end, and operated by a cam, not shown, on the cam shaft 2, in
the ordinary way.
Upon the inner side of the breast beam 44 is secured a projecting bracket 45,
see Fig. 3, the free end 45' of which extends in the path of the lever 38, as the
arm 34 is moved towards the loom to the position shown in Fig. 2, to cause the free
end of the lever 38 to be raised, against the action of the spring 40, as shown
in Fig. 3.
It will thus be seen, that when the arm 34 is moved towards the loom, preparatory

page_text: to the wire being inserted into the shed openings by the wire mechanism, the free
ends of the jaws will be closed or moved together, as shown in Fig. 3, and the free
ends of the wires are then placed within the slotted ends 36 and 39. The continued
movement of the arm 34 towards the loom relcases the movable jaw 38 from contact
with the bracket 45, and allows the spring 40 to act to open the jaws and
separate the two ends of the wires to allow them to be readily thrust into the
shed openings, one into the upper shed opening, and the other into the lower shed
opening.
I will now describe the jacquard and harness mechanism.
The binding or cotton warps 46 and 47, are drawn from the beam 48, at the rear
of the loom, and pass over the two tension rolls 49 and 50, the tension of which is
controlled by the lever 51, and weight 52, in the ordinary way, to the cotton warp
harnesses, two in number, 53 and 54, which are raised and lowered to form the shed
of the binding or cotton warps, and are operated in the usual way by levers from
the cam shaft, not shown.
The four worsted pile warps 55, 56, 57, and 58, are drawn from spools hung in
four creels or frames at the back of the loom, not shown, in the usual manner.
The fabric 85 illustrated as being woven in the loom shown in the drawings, is a
four frame carpet, with worsted warps of four different colors to form the pattern
or pile surface. No stuffer is used.
The four worsted warps 55, 56, 57, and 58 extend through a single space in the
reed 59, and each worsted warp is threaded through the eye of the cords 60,
leading to the jacquard mechanism. Lingues 61 are attached to the lower ends of
the cords 60 in the usual way.
The cords 60, into which are threaded the worsted pile warps which form the pattern
or pile surface, are arranged in pairs, with their upper ends connected, as shown in
Figs. 8, 9, 10, and 11, and so suspended from the stationary board 62 of the
jacquard mechanism, that each cord of a pair may be raised and lowered to form
the loop over the wire in the upper side of the fabric, and may also be lowered and
raised to form the loop under the wire in the underside of the fabric; the upward
motion of one cord of a pair, by the movement of the lifter board 63, to form the
loop in the upper side of the fabric, causing the downward motion of the other cord
of said pair to form a corresponding loop in the underside of the fabric, see
Figs. 8, 9, 10, and 11 of the drawings.
The jacquard mechanism shown in the drawings is of the ordinary construction
and operation, except in regard to the suspension of the cords in pairs from the
stationary board 62, as above described.
The jacquard mechanism is supported on overhead timbers 64, stayed by posts 65,
extending up from the loom side.
The lifter board 63 of the jacquard mechanism is provided with the ordinary
holes and contracted slots leading out therefrom, for engagement with the
knots 60 in the cords in the usual way.
The lifter board 63 is operated in the usual manner by a cam 66, fast on the
cam shaft 2, through lever 67 carrying a roll 68, and pivoted at 69 on the loom
side, and connector 70 pivoted at its lower end to the end of the cam lever 67, and
at its upper end to arm 71 fast on the jacquard shaft 72, arms 73 fast thereon, and
connectors 74 and 75, see Figs. 1 and 2.
The jacquard needles 76 are provided with eyes 76¹ through which are
threaded the cords 60, and are supported in the needle board 77, and operated by
the cords, as indicated at 77', Figs. 8, 9, 10, and 11, in the usual manner.
The comber board 78 is fitted to move up and down in guides on the posts 65,
and is moved up and down in proper time by connectors 80, one at each end thereof,
cam lever 81 pivoted at 82 on the loom side and bearing on cams 83 fast on the
cam shaft 2 through rolls 84, in the usual manner.
The comber board 78 is provided with holes therein through which the cords 60
extend, and by means of the knots 60111 in said cords, the comber board raises the
cords in the usual manner.

page_text: The cams 66 and 83 are so constructed and secured on the cam shaft 2, relatively
to each other, as to cause the comber board to be raised when the lifter board is
lowered, and the comber board to be lowered when the lifter board is raised.
I will now describe briefly, the operation of weaving my double faced, or
reversible pile fabric, on the loom shown in the drawings, and above described.
When the loom is in operation, and in position for the wire pick, the binding or
cotton warps are together in the middle of the fabric, and one worsted thread of
the worsted warps from each dent in the reed, is raised by the lifter board into the
upper line of the shed, and the other worsted thread of the pair from each dent in
the reed is thereby simultaneously lowered into the lower line of the shed, as shown
in Fig. 8. The wires are now inserted in the open sheds, one in the upper shed
above the body of the fabric, and the other in the lower shed below the body
of the fabric. The lay now beats up and the comber board is lifted to the top
of its travel during the beating up of the lay, taking all the worsted warps to the
center line of the shed, as shown in Fig. 9, and the binding warp harnesses change
their position, carrying the cotton or binding warps one above and the other below
the body of the fabric, to form the sheds for the two shuttles, one-shed above and
the other shed below the body of the fabric; two shuttles are now sent across from
opposite sides of the loom, one on the lay and the other on the warp, inserting the
filling wefts in the upper and lower shed openings; the lay then beats up again to
close up the filling wefts, and the operation of the jacquard mechanism is repeated,
as above described.
It will be understood that the worsted warps which are not called by the
jacquard are carried in the body of the fabric between the filling wefts.
By the arrangement of the cords 60 in pairs, connected at their upper ends and so
suspended from the stationary board of the jacquard mechanism that when one of
a pair of cords is raised, the other will be simultaneously lowered, it will be seen
that the worsted warps when called to form the pile surface are carried
simultaneously above and below the body of the fabric, prior to the insertion of
the pile wires, and are then simultaneously moved in the opposite direction to the
center line of the fabric to form the loops, prior to the insertion of the filling wefts
or shots, and the beating up of the lay.
It will be understood that the details of construction of the loom in the
drawings may be varied somewhat if desired.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. In a loom of the class described, the combination with the cotton warp
harnesses, the lay, filling, and wire mechanisms, of the jacquard mechanism in which
the cords for the worsted warps are suspended in pairs from the stationary board,
with their upper ends connected, for the purpose stated, substantially as set forth.
2. In a loom of the class described, the combination with the lifter board of the
jacquard mechanism and the stationary board from which the cords for the worsted
warps are suspended in pairs with their upper ends connected, for the purpose
stated, of a movable comber board, and means for operating the same, to cause the
comber board to be raised when the lifter board is lowered, and the comber board
to be lowered when the lifter board is raised, for the purpose stated, substantially
as set forth.
3. In a loom of the class described, the combination with the cotton warp
harnesses, the lay, and filling mechanisms, and the jacquard mechanism in which
the cords for the worsted warps are arranged in pairs with their upper ends con-
nected, for the purpose stated, of the wire mechanism, provided with a double pile
wire, or two pile wires united at their inner ends, for the purpose stated, substantially
as set forth.
4. In a loom of the class described, the combination with two pile wires, con-
nected at their inner ends, of mechanism for spreading 'and' guiding the wires,

page_text: consisting of two jaws provided with open slotted ends, one of the jaws supported
on the other, and movable thereon, and means for operating said jaws, substantially
as set forth.
5. In a loom of the class described, the combination with two pile wires, con-
nected at their inner ends, of means for spreading the free ends of said wires,
consisting of a swinging arm, provided with an open slotted end, and means for
operating said arm, and an arm pivoted on the lower end of said swinging arm, and
provided with an open slotted end, and a spring for separating the ends of said
arms, and a bracket secured to the breast beam, and extending in the path of the
arm pivoted on the swinging arm, for the purpose of bringing the ends of said
arms together, substantially as set forth.
1000
Date
ACT TOQUOD TO
JOSEPH COLEY.
Ernest de Pass,
Chartered Patent Agent,
78, Fleet Street, London, and 6, Victoria Street, Nottingham,
Agent for the Applicant.