IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Vincent Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughts-
man, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES."-A com-
munication
Sealed the 12th June 1857, and dated the 14th April 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by 'the said Alfred Vincent Newton nt
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the.
14th April 1857.
1, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to the delivering the staple on to the main
cylinder always at two and sometimes at three different points or places whilst
using but one set of feeding rollers. This is effected by the combination of two
working cylinders with a working and stripping cylinder, all running in the
same direction and working in connection with each other.
The feed rolls which take the bat from the spool deliver it to the "licker
in'
"cylinder, which in turns gives it chiefly to the main cylinder. Underneath
the "licker in" is placed a second cylinder, which takes from the "licker. in
and gives up the material to the main cylinder. This second cylinder acts as
a worker in connection with the "licker in," taking from it a portion of its
charge, carding it in connection with a stripping cylinder placed below it, and'
delivering the material to the main cylinder. Instead of using small conc
pulleys and a shipper attached to each separate engine, it is proposed, as

page_text: carding engines are always arranged in sections, tiers, or rows, upon the
same floor, to use one long continuous shaft throughout the section, line, or
tier of machines, which shaft receives the variable motion from cone pullics
and transmits it through plain pullies and belts to the several engines. It
should be stated that the strippings taken from the main cylinder by the 5
stripping cylinder. are mixed with the staple on the second cylinder, the same
being returned in its mixed and carded' state to the main cylinder. Below
the feed rolls is a permanent casing, extending over the lower half of the
"licker in" cylinder and the upper half of the second cylinder.
The object of this casing is, first, to direct the carded out dirt downward; 1
and, secondly, to cause the staple which flies off at this point to fall on to and
be caught by the second cylinder, by which it is carried back and deposited on
the main cylinder.
A concave cover is placed near the variable or stripping cylinder, the top
edge of which is rounded off and approaches to, say, within half or three 1
quarters of an inch of the bite of the second and variable cylinders. This
concave is suspended at its upper end by a rod or shaft passing through and
attached to the side frames of the engines, and its lower end is held in position
by a stop, but it is free to be moved inwards by a set screw.
The object of this concavo case is to collect the loose fibres and allow tho. 2
heavy impurities which are carded out to be discharged below, whilst the
fibres thus collected are presented to the variable or stripping cylinder, and
thus saved and worked into the lap.
The object of the variable speed given to the cylinder is, that it may at
stated periods act as a stripper to the main cylinder, viz., when its speed is 2
increased to the greatest extent, and then when it is at other stated periods
reduced to its minimum velocity, the main cylinder takes the material from
it again, and thus the main cylinder is kept perfectly clean without stopping
the carding engine to clean it.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Alfred Vincent Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 14th October 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALFRED.
VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord Oue

page_text: thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Alfred
Vincent Newton, Her special license that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Alfred
Vincent Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any t time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN CARDING ENGINES," being a communication from abroad, upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after tho
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thercon (that is to say) :-
This Invention of "Improvements in Carding Engines," and which baş
been communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, is shewn in the
accompanying Drawings, in which Fig. 1 represents a perspective view of the
machine, and Fig. 2 a vertical section through the same. Similar letters of
reference where they occur denote like parts of the machine in both the
Figures.
The frame bearings or boxes for the journals of the cylinders and other
portions of the engine, not specially referred to or shewn in the Drawings, may
be of the ordinary well-known kind, and do not constitute any part of the
present Invention, they will not therefore be specially described.
'
A, A, represent the side pieces or frames of the engine, within which are
hung the several cylinders, which will be referred to; a, a, are the feed rolls,
which take the bat from the spool and deliver it to the "licker in" cylinder
B, which in turn transfers it chiefly to the large main cylinder C. Under-
neath the "licker in" cylinder B is placed a second cylinder D, which takes
from the "licker in" cylinder and gives up the material to the main cylinder
C. This second cylinder D acts as a worker in connection with the," licker
in" cylinder, taking from B a portion of its charge, carding it in connection

page_text: with the stripping cylinder E, placed below it, and delivering the material to
the large main cylinder C. E is a variable motion cylinder, located just below
the cylinder D, and acts at times as a stripper to the largo main cylinder, and
at other tinies as a feeder to the said cylinder, just as its speed for the time
being may be. It also gives its strippings to and mixes or cards them with
the partially carded material upon the intermediate cylinder D, and thus,
instead of returning strippings only to the main cylinder, it mixes those
strippings with a better quality of fibre, and returns it mixed, which prevents
an inferior fibre from being placed on the cylinder, and makes greater
uniformity in the sliver. The cylinder D takes partially carded material from
the "licker in" cylinder at b¹, Fig. 2, and takes strippings from the cylinder
E at c', and after carding and mixing the two, delivers the material on to the
main cylinder at d, and although the cylinder E is at times taking from and
also at times giving to the main cylinder, yet it is at all times carding in
connection with the cylinder D. It will thus be seen that with one feed of
lap or bat, as at a, a, there are two feeding points on to the main cylinder, viz',
by the cylinders B and D, and if the "variable cylinder" E be deemed a
feeder, which it is at times, then there are three feeding points on the main
cylinder from one lap or bat and one set of feed rolls. By this arrangement
of cylinders it is found by actual experiment that these engines are fully
doubled in capacity without any material addition to their original cost, whilst
the product is more uniform and of a better quality.
Instead of using small cone pulleys and a stripper attached to each
separate engine, as has been heretofore done, the Inventor proposes to employ
oue long continuous shaft, as shewn at b, Fig. 1, throughout the section, line,
or tier of machines, and to mount the cone F' upon one end of it; over which,
and over another cone G, driven from the first moving power, whatever it may
be, passes a belt H, which by means of an automatic stripper is traversed
along the cones, changing the motion of the cone F, and also of the long shaft
b. on which it is placed. On this long shaft bis mounted a pulloy 1, (one for
each engine in the tier,) over which, aud over another pulley Jon the journal
c of the variable cylinder E, may pass an endless belt K, and thus by means
of one set of cone pulleys, and they of sufficient size to be regularly operated
upon, a single shaft of the whole length of the section or tier of engines has
a variable motion imparted to it, and from this shaft by ordinary belt and
pulleys this variable motion is conveyed to each one of the series of engines
however long the line may be, and one set of cones may serve for a section of
from ten to twenty machines, more or less.
Between the "licker in" cylinder and the doffer L the Inventor proposes

page_text: to use but two sets of workers and strippers, as shewn in the Drawings, as
this number seems most economical, but he does not limit himself to the
number or their precise arrangement, leaving that to the judgment of the
user. M is a permanent casing below the feed rolls a, a, and extending over
the lower half of the "licker in " cylinder B, and the upper half of the second
cylinder D.
The object of this casing is, first, to direct the dirt carded out at the point
b' downward; and, secondly, to cause the cotton which flies off at this point
to fall on to and be caught by the second cylinder D, by which it is carried
backward and deposited on the main cylinder C. Much waste and loss of
material is made at this part of an ordinary carding engine, and by means of
this casing a saving is effected, about four per cent., over the ordinary waste
heretofore produced.
A concavo cover N is placed near the variable or stripping cylinder E, tho
top parte of which is rounded off, and approaches to, say, within a half or
three quarters of an inch of the bite of the second and variable cylinders
D, E. This concave is suspended at its upper end by a rod or shaft, passing
through and attached to the side frames of the engine, and its lower end is
prevented from swinging away too far from the cylinder E by a stop f, but
it is free to be moved towards the cylinder by a set screw, or any other device,
should it become necessary to so move it. The concave may be made of
sheet metal, and may be in one or two parts, the upper part hanging more in
perpendicular line than the under part, which may be of the form of the
cylinder which is partially encloses.
The object of this concave case is to allow all the heavier dirt or impurities
which are carded out at the point c to be thrown over the concave and full
down below, whilst all the cotton thus collected, and which is lighter, will be
caught by the cylinder on the inside of the concave cover, and thus saved
and worked into the lap. A screen may be placed under the main cylinder,
but this has been used heretofore, and it, as well as many other parts of the
carding engine which are in common use, and which must be used with the
present improvements, need not be hero described.
The object of the variable speed given to the cylinder E is, that it may at
stated periods act as a stripper to the main cylinder, viz, when its speed is
increased to the greatest extent, and then when it is at other stated periods
reduced to its minimum velocity the main cylinder takes the material
from the variable speed cylinder E again, and thus the main cylinder
C is kept perfectly clean without stopping the carding engine to clean it.
Having thus fully described the nature of the Invention that has been

page_text: communicated to me as aforesaid, I claim therein as new, and desire to secure
by Letters Patent,―
First, delivering the cotton on to the main cylinder always at two and
sometimes at three different points or places whilst using but one set of
feeding rollers.
I also claim the combination of the working cylinders B and D and tho
working and stripping cylinder E all running in the same direction and
working in connection with each other and with the main cylinder, as set
forth, the two first (B and D) delivering the cotton to the main cylinder
'regularly, whilst the latter (E) is doing so at intervals, as described.
. I also claim mixing the strippings taken from the main cylinder by the
stripping cylinder E, with the cotton on the cylinder D carding it and
returning it thus mixed and carded to the main cylinder, as set forth.
I also claim, in combination with the cylinders, the stationary casing and the
concave cover for separating the dirt from the cotton whilst undergoing the
carding process, as set forth.
I also claim, in contradistinction from giving the variable motion to the
cylinder E by cone pulleys, and a travelling belt attached to each carding
engine, the giving of said motion to a shaft or line of shafting and imparting
it from such shafting to the engine by simple belt and pulleys, by which
means more certain action is obtained and at less expense, as herein set
forth..
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Fourteenth day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
A. V. NEWTON. (Ls.)