IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Billings, of Kentish Town, in the County
of Middlesex, Accountant, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
VENTILATORS."
Sealed the 13th February 1866, and dated the 16th August 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Billings at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
August 1865.
I, JAMES BILLINGS, of Kentish Town, in the County of Middlesex,
Accountant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in fitting in a space between two plates, one set in
a line farther back than the other, a single plate held in frames free to move
on a centre, the ends of this plate extend beyond each of the other fixed plates,
and these ends may be bevilled. When to allow of ventilation the movable-
plate stands midway between the fixed plates, and air enters both above and
below the movable plate, then to shut off the air more or less entirely, the,
movable plate is turned on the centre of the frames which hold it to or
towards the fixed top and bottom plates. Or the position of the plates may be
reversed, that is to say, the central plate may be fixed and the top and bottom
plates may be made movable towards it.
Again all the plates may be fixed and a flap may be applied both at top and
bottom of the central plate, the air is then admitted or excluded by raising or
lowering the flaps.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Billings in the Great Séal Patent Office on the
16th February 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
BILLINGS, of Kentish Town, in the County of Middlesex, Accountant,
:send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
James Billings, Her special licence that I, the said James Billings, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James
Billings, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
VENTILATORS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said James
Billings, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the samo
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Billings, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
that is to say :-
My Invention consists in fitting in a space between two plates, one set in a
line farther back than the other, a single plate held in frames free to move on
a centre, the ends of this plate extend beyond each of the other fixed plates,
and these ends may be bevilled. When to allow of ventilation, the movable plate
stands midway between the fixed plates, and air enters both above and below
the movable plate. Then to shut off the air more or less entirely, the movable
plate is turned on the centre of the frames which hold it to or towards the
fixed top and bottom plates.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a front view, and Figure 2 a

page_text: perspective view with one side of the frame removed of a ventilator constructed
according to my Invention.
A is a frame in which two plates B, C, are fixed; the lower plate C is set
in a line farther back than the upper plate B; D is a plate fitted in the frame
A, in the space between the two plates B, C, and free to move on a centre E;
the ends of the plate D extend beyond each of the fixed plates B, C, and are
bevelled as shewn; the movement of the plate D is limited by the sides of
recesses F in the frame A in which it works. When to allow of ventilation,
the plate D stands midway between the plates B, C, as seen in Figure 2, and
enters above and below the plate D. To shut off the air more or less entirely
the plate D is turned by a cord or otherwise on the centre E to bring its ends
to or towards the plates B, C. Instead of the movement of the plate D being
limited by the recesses F, it may be fitted to work between studs or otherwise.
The position of the plates B, C, D, may be reversed, that is to say, the central
plate D may be fixed, and the top and bottom plates B, C, may be made
movable towards it, as represented in transverse section in Figure 3, in which
the plates B, C, are shewn as being free to move on centres G, G.
Again, all the plates B, C, D, may be fixed, and a flap may be applied both
at the top of the central plate D, and at the top of the lower plate C, or in
any other position where they can be raised or lowered to admit or exclude
the air, the air being admitted or excluded by raising or lowering the flaps.
This arrangement is represented in transverse section in Figure 4; H, H, are
flaps applied at the top of the central plate D, and at the top of the lower
plate C.
And, having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim, constructing
ventilators substantially as herein-before described and represented in the
accompanying Drawings.
--
In witness whereof, I, the said James Billings, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of February, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-six.
JAS. BILLINGS. (L.B.)