IMPROVE- MENTS IN GUN BARRELS, AND IN MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED IN EFFECTING THE SAID IMPROVEMENTS, AND IN TOOLS AND MACHINERY FOR PRODUCING INSCRIPTIONS, ORNAMENTS, AND DEVICES UPON GUN BARRELS, LOCK PLATES, AND OTHER METALLIC PARTS OF SMALL ARMS, AND FOR PRODUCING INSCRIPTIONS UPON SAWS AND ARTICLES OF CUTLERY GENERALLY
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William George Rawbone, of Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Gun Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN GUN BARRELS, AND IN MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED IN EFFECTING
THE SAID IMPROVEMENTS, AND IN TOOLS AND MACHINERY FOR PRODUCING
INSCRIPTIONS, ORNAMENTS, AND DEVICES UPON GUN BARRELS, LOCK PLATES,
AND OTHER METALLIC PARTS OF SMALL ARMS, AND FOR PRODUCING INSCRIPTIONS
UPON SAWS AND ARTICLES OF CUTLERY GENERALLY."
Sealed the 13th February 1-63, and dated the 15th September 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William George Rawbone
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th September 1862.
I, WILLIAM GEORGE RAWBONE, of Birmingham, in the County of War-
wick, Gun Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GUN BARRELS, AND IN MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED IN
EFFECTING THE SAID IMPROVEMENTS, AND IN TOOLS AND MACHINERY FOR PRODUCING
INSCRIPTIONS, ORNAMENTS, AND DEVICES UPON GUN BARRELS, Lock PLATES, AND
OTHER METALLIC PARTS OF SHALL ARMS, AND FOR PRODUCING INSCRIPTIONS UPON
SAWS AND ARTICLES OF CUTLERY GENERALLY," to be as follows:-
My improvements in gun barrels consist, firstly, in making a night and day
Price 8d.]

page_text: line on the said barrels, that is, a line upon the middle of the top of the
barrel, or upon the top of the rib of the barrel, the said line being bright
while the other parts are dark. The reflection of the light upon the said
bright line assists in obtaining an accurate aim. I make the said night and
day line by first cutting a square groove along the middle of the top or rib of
the barrel, into which groove I place and fix therein, by hammering or other-
wise, a piece of silver wire. After fixing the said wire the superfluous silver
is removed by a cutting tool, and the said silver made flush with the top of
the barrel or rib. A groove is next cut in the embedded silver line, and the
metal on either side the said line is afterwards chequered or matted, or other-
wise made dark, and the night and day line is complete.
My improvementsingun barrels consist, secondly, in making a longitudinal
undercut dovetail groove in the flat rib of the said barrels, in which dovetail
groove the traversing sight of the fire-arm is made to slide instead of making
the said sight work in grooves cut in the edges of the said rib. The rib in
which the dovetail groove is cut may be made in one piece with the barrel,
or be attached to the barrel by soldering, The said undercut dovetail groove
may be made in the barrel instead of the rib. The machinery which I use
for cutting the grooves in the top of the rib of the barrels, or in the barrels
for the night and day line and for the traversing sight is herein-after
described These improvements in gun barrels may be applied to single or
double barrels.
My improvements in tools and machinery for producing inscriptions, orna-
ments, and devices upon gun barrels and lock plates and other metallic parts
of small arms, and for producing inscriptions upon saws and articles of cutlery
generally, are as follows:-The tools I employ consist of discs of steel, upon
the peripheries of which discs the inscription, ornament or device is inade
the said inscription, ornament, ordevice being either sunken or in relief, so as
to produce a corresponding impression upon the article being operated upon.
The said discs are carried by a holder, and are capable of rotating in the
said holder. Instead of making the inscription or ornament upon the
periphery of the disc, the impressing tool may be made up of detached letters
or ornaments, the said letters or ornaments being held between a series of
metal discs screwed or otherwise firmly fixed together. The inscription ou
the impressing tool may consist of a name, or of a numeral or numerals, or
other inscription it is wished to impress upon the barrel or other article, and
the ornament on the tool may consist of the ordinary chequering or matting,
or of leaves, flowers, or fruit, or various other ornamental patterns. For

page_text: every ornamental pattern or device impressed upon the article a separate tool
is required, and by using two or more tools different ornamental effects may be
impressed side by side, or otherwise, upon the barrel or other article. I usually
ornament only the flat tops of the barrels. but other parts may be ornamented.
In using the said impressing tools for the purposes enumerated, I employ
a machine somewhat resembling an ordinary planing machine. The said
machine is constructed as follows:-The article to be impressed is fixed on
the bed of the machine, which bed has a traversing motion given to it in the
ordinary way. Two uprights carry a slide capable of rising and falling
vertically; the said slide is brought down and any degree of pressure given
to it by means of a screw. Another slide, situated across the first-mentioned
slide, works therein, and to the said transverse slide a tool holder is affixed, in
which tool holder the stem of the impressing tool is secured. By the motion
of the transverse slide, combined with the motion of the vertical slide, the
impressing tool can be brought to the proper position over the article to be
impressed, and brought down thereon with the required pressure. On the
transverse slide a frame is situated, against the top of which frame the before-
mentioned screw, which gives the descending motion to the slide, acts. Around
the rods of the said frame strong coiled springs are situated, which springs
bear upon the transverse slide, and keep the impressing tool carried by it
at home to its work upon the bed of the machine. By means of this arrange-
ment the impressing tool is made to follow the slightly concave plane of the
barrel under treatment. When impressing a gun barrel, I fix it in a holder
or bed on the traversing bed of the machine, and I support the barrel during
the impressing by meaus of plugs inserted and fixed in the said barrel.
When the articles to be impressed are flat, or nearly so, they are fixed on the
bed of the machine by screw clamps. The article to be impressed having
been fixed on the bed, and the pressing tool adjusted on the said article, the
said bed is moved, and the article brought under the impressing tool, the said
tool rotating as the article is carried under it, the said article being passed
backwards and forwards several times under the impressing tool; the article
is thereby impressed with the inscription, ornament, or device on the said
tool. The burr which is produced on the sunken inscription may be removed
by a superfine or dead smooth. I use the machine herein-before described for
grooving the barrels or ribs of the barrels, as described under the first and
second parts of my Invention; but in place of an impressing tool I employ a
cutting tool capable of adjustment in its holder by means of a screw. When
I employ a cutting tool of this kind it is not necessary to adjust the slides of
the machine after each cut of the tool, as by me ins of an arrange ment of parts

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William George Rawbone in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 12th March 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
GEORGE RAWBONE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Gun Manu
facturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS 1er most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William George Rawbone, Her special licence that I, the said William
George Rawbone, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as 1, the said William George Rawbone, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
night nake, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GUN BARRELS, AND IN MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED IN
EFFECTING THE SAID IMPROVEMENTS, AND IN TOOLS AND MACHINERY FOR PRODUCING
INSCRIPTIONS. ORNAMENTS, AND DEVICES UPON GUN BARRELS, LOCK PLATES, AND
OTHER METALLIC PARTS OF SMALL ARMS, AND FOR PRODUCING INSCRIPTIONS UPON
SAWS AND ARTICLES OF CUTLERY GENERALLY," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I. the said William George Rawbone, my executors or admi-
nistrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William George Rawbone, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statemert thereof, that is to say:-
My improvements in gun barrels consist, firstly, in making a night and day

page_text: line on the said barrels, that is, a line upon the middle of the top of the barrel,
or upon the top of the rib of the barrel, the said line being bright while the
other parts are dark. The reflection of the light upon the said bright line
assists in obtaining an accurate aim. I make the said night and day line by
first cutting a square groove along the middle of the top or rib of the barrel,
into which groove I place and fix therein, by hammering or rolling, or other-
wise, a piece of silver wire. After fixing the said silver wire any superfluous
silver remaining may be removed by a cutting tool, and the said silver made
flush with the top of the barrel or rib. A groove is next cut in the embedded
silver line, and the metal of the barrel on either side the said line is after-
wards chequered or mat ed, or otherwise made dark, and the night and day
line is complete.
My improvements in gun barrels consist, secondly, in making a longitudinal
undercut dovetail groove in the flat rib of the said barrels, in which dovetail
groove the traversing sight of the fire-arm is made to slide instead of making
the said sight work in grooves cut in the edges of the said rib. The rib in
which the dovetail groove is cut may be made in one piece with the barrel or
be attached to the barrel by soldering. The said undercut dovetail groove
may be made in the barrel instead of the ib. The improvements herein-
before described in gun barrels may be applied to single or double barrels.
The machinery which I use for cutting the grooves in the top of the rib of
the barrels or in the barrels for the night and day lines and for the
traversing sight is herein-after described.
The tools and machinery which I use for producing inscriptions, orna-
ments, and devices, upon gun barrels and lock plates and other metallic
parts of small arms, and for producing inscriptions upon saws and articles
of cutlery generally, are as follows:-The tools 1 employ consist of discs
of steel, upon the peripheries of which discs the inscription, ornament, or
device is made, the said inscription being either sunken or in relief, so as
to produce a corresponding impression upon the article being operated
upon. The said discs are carried by a holder, and are capable of rotating
in the said holder. Instead of making the inscription or ornament upon
the periphery of the disc, the impressing tool may be made up of detached
types or ornaments, the said types or ornaments being held between
metal discs or flanges screwed or otherwise firmly fixed together. The
inscription on the impressing tool may consist of a name or an address, or
of a numeral or numerals, or other inscription it is wished to impress upon
the barrel or other article, and the ornament on the tool may consist of the
ordinary chequering or inatting, or of leaves, flowers, fruit, or various other

page_text: ornamental patterns. For every ornamental pattern or device impressed upon
the article a separate tool is required, and by using two or more tools different
ornamental effects may be impressed side by side, or otherwise, upon the
barrel or other article. I usually ornament only the flat tops of the barrels,
but other parts may be ornamented. In using the said impressing tools for
the purposes enumerated, I employ a machine somewhat resembling an ordi-
nary planing machine. The said machine is constructed as follows:-The
article to be impressed is fixed on the bed of the machine, which bed has a
traversing motion given to it in the ordinary way. Two uprights carry a slide
capable of rising and falling vertically; the said slide is brought down and
any degree of pressure given to it by means of a screw. Another slide,
situated across the first-mentioned slide, works therein, and to the said trans-
verse slide a tool holder is affixed, in which tool holder the stem of the
impressing tool is secured. By the motion of the transverse slide combined
with the motion of the vertical slide the impressing tool can be brought to the
proper position over the article to be impressed and brought down thereon
with the required pressure. On the vertical slide a frame is situated, against
which frame the before-mentioned screw, which gives motion to the slides,
acts. Around the rods of the said frame strong coiled springs are situated.
which springs bear upon the slide and keep the impressing tool home to its
work upon the bed of the machine. By means of this arrangement. the
impressing tool is made to follow the slightly concave plane of the barrel
under treatment. When impressing a gun barrel, I fix it in a holder or bed
on the traversing bed of the machine, and I support the barrel during the
impressing by ineans of plugs inserted and fixed in the said barrel, the said
plugs being fixed to the bed of the machine. When the articles to be
impressed are flat, or nearly so, they are fixed on the bed of the machine by
screw clamps. The article to be impressed having been fixed on the bed, and
the impressing tool adjusted on the said article, the said bed is moved and the
article brought under the impressing tool, the said tool rotating as the article
is carried under it, the said article being passed backwards and forwards
several times under the impressing tool; the article is thereby impressed
with the inscription, ornament, or device, on the said tool. Any burr which
may be produced on the sunken inscription can be removed by a superfine or
dead smooth. I use the machine heroin-before described for grooving the
barrels or ribs of the barrels, as described under the first and second parts of
my Invention; but in place of an impressing tool I employ a cutting tool
capable of adjustment in its holder by means of a screw. When I employ a
cutting tool of this kind it is not necessary to adjust the vertical slide of the

page_text: machine after each cut of the tool, as by means of an arrangement of parts
the said cutting tool can be advanced from its holder, and made to cut to the
required depth without altering the other parts of the machine.
Having explained the nature of my Invention, I will proceed to describe,
with reference to the accompanying Drawings the manner in which the
same is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in plan, and Figure 2 in transverse section, the barrel
of a rifle provided with a night and day line according to my Invention, the
said barrel being also ornamented according to my Invention; Figure 3
represents in plan a portion of another barrel on a larger scale, having a
different ornament upon it from that represented in Figure 1.
a is the octagonal barrel of the rifle; in the middle of the top plane of the
said barrel the night and day line is made. In making the said line b I cut
a square groove c (see Figure 2) along the middle of the top plane of the
barrel, the said groove being cut by the machine herein-after described and
represented in Figures 22 and 23, and I place in the said groove c a piece
of silver wire d; I fix the said silver wire in the groove by hammering it
therein, or by causing a roller carried by the said machine to press the said
silver wire into the groove. After the silver wire d has been fixed in the
groove cany superflous silver remaining may be removed by a cutting tool,
and the said silver made flush with the top of the barrel. A groove (see
Figure 2) is next cut in the embedded silver line d, and the metal of the
barrel on either side the said line d is after wards matted, as represented
at e, e, Figure 1, or chequered or otherwise made dark by means of the
impressing tools herein-after explained, or by other means. The night and day
line is then complete. In the middle of the front sight of the barrel I fix
by means of a dovetail a strip of ivory 9, the said strip of ivory constituting
a prolongation of the night and day line b. The said night and day line may
be applied to baruels of any section, and instead of making the said line in
the barrel itself as represented, the said line may be made in a rib soldered
to the barrel.
Figure 4 represents in plan a barrel of a rifle having a longitudinal
undercut dovetail groove made in the top of the barrel for the traversing
sight to work in according to my Invention, the said barrel being also provided
with a night and day line according to my Invention; Figure 5 is a transverse
section of the same taken through the line h, Figure 4; aud Figure 6 is an
end elevation of the same. I prefer to give the barrel the section represented
in Figure 5, that is, I make the barrel and rib in one picc., but the barrel
and rib may be made separately, and the rib attached to the barrel by

page_text: soldering. is the longitudinal undercut dovetail groove made in the top of
the barrel from end to end chereof, and is the traversing sight capable of
sliding in the said groove i. The bottom of the sight has a dovetail l, which
fits in the said groove i. The traversing sight is fixed after adjustment by
means of the screw m, or by means of a spring I make the opening in the
wind gauge sight n, covering the front sight o of the figure of an equilateral
triangle instead of the figure of a portion of a circle as is usual. By giving the
opening in the wind guage sight a triangular figure,as represented in Figure 6,
the apex of the opening is in the same vertical line as the sight o,and the eye
is thereby readily directed to the said sight o. When I combine a night and day
line with a barrel provided with a groove in the middle thereof for the traversing
sight to work in, the said line is made,in the manner herein-before described,
along the middle of the said groove in the barrel, as seen in Figure 4.
Distance graduations for the traversing sight k, may be combined with a
night and day line, as illustrated in Figure 4. The improvements in gun
barrels represented in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, may be applied to double
barrels as well as to single barrels.
Figure 7 represents in front elevation, and Figure 8 iu side elevation,an
impressing tool which I employ for ornamenting gun barrels, lock plates,and
other metallic parts of small arms. Figure 9 represents, in front and side
elevation,an impressing tool without its holder, which I employ for producing
an inscription upon gun barrels, lock plates, and other metallic parts of sinall
arms, and upon saws and articles of cutlery generally. The said impressing
tools, Figures 7,8,and 9,consist of circular discs of steel p,upon the peripheries
of which the inscriptions, ornaments, or devices are made,the said inscriptions,
ornaments, or devices being sunken or inrelief, so as to produce a corresponding
impression upon the article operated upon by the said tools. The discs pare
carried by a holder 9, and are free to rotate upon the fixed axis r. The said
axisr consists of a screwed pin,near the head of which pin a key or projections
is made, which engages in a recess in the holder q. The said axis r is fixed
in its place by the screwed nutt, being screwed on the end of the axis. The
axis is shewn separately in Figure 10. Instead of making the inscription
or ornament upon the periphery of a disc, the impressing tool may be made
up of detached types or ornaments, the said types or ornaments being held
between metal discs or flanges screwed or otherwise firmly secured together.
Figures 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 of the Drawings represent an impressing tool
made up of a series of detached types according to my Invention, Figure 11
being a side elevation of the said tool. Figure 12 a frout elevation, Figure 13
a vertical section, and Figures 14 and 15 portions of the same. The same

page_text: letters indicate the same parts in Figures 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15. u is the
frame or holder of the impressing tool, and is the fixed axis upon which the
impressing tool rotates. Upon the said axis v is a cylindrical block w, having
a flange y. The greater part of the block w is made into a screw, a portion w²
being left of a cylindrical figure. A flanged collar.r screws upon the screwed
part of the block, and the steel types =,=, are arranged radially between the
flange y of the block w and that of the collar x, and are held firmly between
them, the lower ends of the types bearing against the cylindrical portion w²,
of the block w. On the outer edge of the flange y, a projection or shoulder y
is made, which shoulder engages with shoulders on one side of the types z,
as will be understood by referring to Figures 13 and 15. In making up the
impressing tool, the steel types are first placed radially upon the flange y of
the block uc, their ends abutting against the cylindrical part w², and their
shoulders engaging with the shoulder y² of the flange y. A disc or ring 1
of copper is next placed upon the types 2, and the collar r is afterwards
screwed by means of holes in its periphery against the said disc 1, and
made to bind the parts of the impressing tool together. The impressing tool is
then secured to its holder by the axis e, and is ready for use. Thickness pieces
are used between the different words to separate the words from one another.
In place of the types z ornaments may be used, or a combination of types
and ornaments may be arranged in the same impressing tool. The ornament
on the impressing tool, Figures 7 and 8, is that used for ornamenting the
barrel, Figure 3. Impressing tools of a similar kind to that represented in
Figures 7 and 8, but having the requisite ornament thereon, are used for
ornamenting the breech end of the barrel, Figure 1, and for matting or
chequering the barrel on either side of the night and day line of the said
barrel. The ornament on the impressing tool may, however, consist of any
ornamental pattern or device capable of being impressed upon gun barrels
and other metallic parts of small arms. I usually ornament only the flat
tops of the barrels, as represented in Figures 1 and 3, but other parts may
be ornamented if required. Two or more ornamental patterns may be
impressed side by side, or otherwise, upon the barrels by using impressing
tools having different ornaments on their peripheries. Devices of any kind
may also be impressed up on gun barrels by the use of impressing tools of
the kind represented in Figures 7 and 8. The inscription on the impressing
tools, Figures 9, 11, 12, and 13, may consist of a name or an address, or a
numeral or numerals, or these combined, or any other inscription it may be
wished to impress upon the barrel or other article.

page_text: Figure 16 represents in front elevation, and Figure 17 in side elevation,
(partly in section,) a cutting tool, which I employ for cutting the grooves in
the barrels or ribs of the barrels for the night and day line and for the
traversing sight, herein-before described and represented in Figures 1, 2, 4,
and 5, the said cutting tool being used in the machine herein after described.
Figure 18 represents a plan of the under side of the said cutting tool, and
Figure 19 is a horizontal section of the same, taken through the line 2,
Figure 17 Figures 20 and 21 are portions of the same, as herein after
explained. The said cutting tool consists of a holder 3, having a square
opening 4 made in it, into which opening the cutter 5 and screw 6, carrying
the said cutter, are inserted, as seen in Figure 17. The cutter 5 is shown
separately in Figure 21, and the screw 6 is shewn separately in Figure 20.
The lower end of the screw 6 has a chamber or recess 7 made in it, into which
the head 5 of the cutter 5 fits, the said head 5" having an annular groove
therein, as represented. The cutter 5 is connected to the screw 6 by a pin 8
passed through holes 10, 10, in the said screw, and engaging in the annular
groove in the head 5" of the cutter, as seen in Figure 17. A hollow screw 11
is made in the upper part of the opening in the holder, in which hollow
screw 11 the screw 6 engages. The threads of the holiow screw 11 are only
made on the greater part of the sides of the opening 4 in the holder, the
angles of the said opening being plain, as best seen in Figure 19. By this
means the screw 6 is capable of advancing in the screw 11 in the opening 4
without giving a rotatory motion to the cutter 5. By turning the screw 6 in
one or other direction, the said screw advances into or retires from the hollow
screw 11, and advances the cutter 5 from or draws it into its holder. The
advancing or retiring motion of the cutter 5 is effected by the pin 8 of the
screw 6 travelling in the annular groove in the head 5 of the said cutter,
the said pin causing the said cutter to rise or full in the holder as the
screw 6 is turned in one or other direction. By using a cutting tool of the
kind represented in Figures 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, and 21, of the Drawings the
cutter can be adjusted with great nicety, and made to cut to the required
depth without altering the slide or other part of the machine carrying the
holder of the cutter.
Figure 22 represents a frout elevation, and Figure 23 a horizontal section,
of the machine which I use for cutting the grooves in the barrels or ribs
of the barrels for the night and day line and for the traversing sight, as well
as for producing inscriptions, ornaments, and devices upon gun barrels, lock
plates, and other metallic parts of small arms, and for producing inscriptions

page_text: upon saws and articles of cutlery generally, by means of the impressing tools
herein-before described. The said machine, Figures 22 and 23, resembles
an ordinary planing machine, with the additions herein-after explained.
a is the bed of the machine, having a traversing motion given to it by a
rack and pinion in the ordinary way. Upon the said bed a the articles to be
grooved or impressed are fixed. b, c, are two uprights, connected together by
the cross piece, in which cross piece a screw e works. A slile, capable of
rising an I falling vertically by the motion of the screw e, works in the said
uprights b and c. The manner in which the slide fengages with the uprights
b,c, will be understood by an examination of the horizontal section, Figure 23.
g is another slide working across the slidef. In the tool holder of the slideg
the stem i of the impressing tool / (or cutting tool) is fixed by screws. By
the motions of the slides fand g the impressing tool or cutter can be brought
to the proper position over the article to be operated upon. Above the slides
fg, is a frame l, m, l, to the bottom of the plate m of which said frame the
screw is connected. The rods 1, 1, of the frame l, m, l, pass through and
work in holes made in the plate m, the bottoms of the said rods being
fixed to the slide f. Around the rods 1, 1, strong helical springs n, n, are
situated, the lower end of each of the said springs bearing against the slides,
and the upper end against the plate m. By turning the screw e by its
handle the slides f, g, can be raised or lowered, and the impressing tool
made to bear upon the article under treatment with the required pressure.
The position of the slide g is adjusted by turning the handle . By the
arrangement of the elastic frame l, m, l, the slides f, g, are capable of a
slight motion in a vertical plane, and the impressing tool or cutter carried
by the slide 9 is thereby kept home to its work upon the bed of the
machine, and made to follow the slightly concave plane of the barrel
under treatment.
The essential novelty in the machine, Figures 22 and 23, consists in con.
necting the screw e to the slidef by the intervention of an elastic frame, instead
of connecting the said screw e directly to the slide. When impressing a gun
barrel, I fix it in a holder or bed on the bed a of the machine, the said barrel
having been previously plugged, and the plugs secured by screw clamps to the
bed of the machine. When the articles to be impressed are flat, or nearly so,
they are fixed on the bed a by means of screw clamps. The article having been
fixed on the bed a, the impressing tool & is properly adjusted on the said article
by means of the slides fand g. When the pressing tool has been brought
down upon the article by the motion of the screw e the plate m is pressed down
by the said screw e, and the helical springs a, a, thereby compressed. The

page_text: said springs act upon the slide f, and through the slide y on the tool, and
make the said impressing tool follow the plane of the article under treatment
when the said plane is not quite flat. By the motion of the bed a, the gun
barrel or other article is passed several times backwards and forwards under
the impressing tool &, the said tool rotating as the said article is carried under
it; the gun barrel or other article is thoreby impressed with the inscription,
ornament, or device on the said tool . Any burr which may be produced on
sunken inscriptions can be removed by a superfine or dead smooth. When the
machine Figures 22 and 23 is used for cutting the grooves in the barrels, the
cutting tool, Figures 16, 17, 18, and 19. is substituted for the impressing tool k
When the said cutting tool is used in the machine, the slide fis not required
to be adjusted after each cut, the accurate adjustment of the depth of ent
being effected by advancing the cutter by means of the screw 6, as herein-
before explained.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do
not limit myself to the precise details herein described and represented, as
the same may be varied without departing from the nature of my Invention;
but I claim as my Invention,-
Firstly, the improvement in gun barrels hereiu-before described and
represented in Figures 1, 2, 4, and 5 of the accompanying Drawings, that
is to say, making a night and day line on the top of the middle of the said
barrels, or upon the ribs of the barrels, the said line being bright, while the
other parts of the said barrels or ribs of the barrels are dark.
Secondly, the improvement in gun barrels herein-before described and
represented in Figures 1, 5, and 6 of the accompanying Dawings, that is
to say, making a longitudinal undercut dovetail groove in the top of the
said barrels or in the ribs of the said barrels, in which said groove the
traversing sight of the fire-arm works.
Thirdly, arranging or combining the parts of a cutting tool for cutting
grooves in gun barrels, for the purposes herein-before enumerated, essentially
in the manner herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 10, 17, 18,
19, 20, and 21 of the accompanying Drawings.
Fourthly, the improvements in tools for pro lucing inscriptions, ornaments,
and devices upon gun barrels, lock plates, and other metallic parts of small
arms, and for producing inscriptions upon suws and articles of cutlery
generally, herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 11, 12, 13, 14,
and 15 of the accompanying Drawings, that is to say, making impressing
tools, for the purposes enumerated, of detached types or ornaments held

page_text: between metal discs or flanges, the said tools being capable of rotating
upon a fixed axis carried by a holder.
Lastly, the improvement in the machinery hereiu-before described and
illustrated in Figures 22 and 23 of the accompanying Drawings, for cutting
grooves in gun barrels, for the purposes before enumerated, and for pro-
ducing inscriptions, ornaments, and devices upon gun barrels and other
metallic parts of small arms, and for producing inscriptions upon saws and
articles of cutlery generally, that is to say, connecting the screw by which
motion is given to the vertical slide of the said machine to the said slide by
means of an elastic frame, the said elastic frame causing the tool carried
by the said slide to be kept home to its work, and to follow the plane of
the article under treatment.
In witness whereof, I, the said William George Rawbone, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
Witness,
GEORGE SHAW.
WILLIAM GEORGE RAWBONE. (L.S.)