Improvements in or Pertaining to the Manufacture or Production of Printed Cheques, Bonds, and other Papers or Documents to Prevent Fraudulent Alterations therein.
Year: 1887

page_text: Improvements in or Pertaining to the Manufacture or Production
of Printed Cheques, Bonds, and other Papers or Documents to
Prevent Fraudulent Alterations therein.
I, ALBERT SCHLUMBERGER, of 1, Rue Bausset, Paris, France, Chemist, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
:-
This invention has reference to the manufacture or production of printed cheques,
bonds, and other papers or documents by the use of such substances as will prevent
fraudulent alterations being made, for which purpose in printing such papers or
documents according to this invention, whether from type, plate, or stone, improved
inks are employed having a base consisting of vegetable or artificial colouring matters,
such that when paper has been printed upon with these inks either in white or in
colour, the inks will produce stains of various colours and of considerable intensity if
treated with alkaline solutions such as are often employed with a fraudulent intent,
and for example, when it is attempted to remove numbers or figures from the coupons
of bonds, share certificates, lottery tickets, etc, by means of a more or less concen-
trated caustic lye.
According to this invention substances are employed that develope their colour
Suitable substances are, amongst
only under the influence of alkaline reactions.
others, alizarin, purpurin, bresileine or the colouring matter of brazil wood, orcin,
hematoxylin, or the dye extracts of dye woods, prepared in such a manner as to
produce on paper faint colours only, in the absence of mordants, but acquiring a very
marked intensity of colour by contact with alkalies.
For instance, the ground-work of a note or document when printed with alizarin

page_text: only appears of an orange buff colour which changes to purple when treated with
alkali.
The colouring principle of Brazil or Fernambuca wood undergoes an analogous
change.
The extract of Orchella (Cudbear) which appears brown at first on the paper,
changed to a violet colour by the action of alkali.
::
is
Benzile red known as ::
Rouge Congo may also be employed with advantage
because it is changed to a blackish blue by treatment with acids, and to a bright red
by treatment with alkalies.
I make use of special inks for printing coupons, especially the numbers thereof, so
as to prevent their being washed off with alkaline solutions; such ink can be easily
produced when common lamp black ink is available.
This special ink is obtained by mixing with ordinary lamp black ink a certain
proportion of dry artificial alizarin or purpurin bresileine hematoxyline (the colouring
principle of logwood) or any one of the other colouring matters hereinbefore men-
tioned that will cause the paper to be soiled or altered in colour on the slightest
attempt being made to tamper with the marks or numbers by means of an alkaline
solution.
As an example printing ink according to this invention may be produced as
follows:-
I triturate lamp black with fatty varnishes in the manner usually practised in the
manufacture of ordinary printing ink, at the same time adding 20% to 30% of
powdered artificial alizarin, so as to give to the ink thus made the property of soiling
the paper when in contact with alkalies.
Inks according to this invention may also have for their base naphthylamine or
diphenylamine with or without the addition of other colouring matters, or of chemical
reagents as for example chlorate of potash or nitrite of soda which will act on
naphthylamine or diphenylamine when acid is used for destroying the writing of a
cheque, bill etc, since the tar derivatives or their combinations have the property of
turning brown in the presence of certain reagents, for example chlorine, and thus
producing on the paper, especially in the text of cheques or bills of exchange, stains
that are very difficult to remove, and which render the falsification or alteration of the
written portions of a document, such as a cheque or a bill of exchange, extremely
difficult.
The following is an example of the method of preparing such an ink :-I triturate
in a fatty varnish, a colour of a violet, blue, rose or other tint, in the manner usually
practised for preparing a colored ink, and incorporate during such trituration.
20 to 30% of naphthylamine B. (beta-naphthylamine or one of its salts) or I may
substitute for this base diphenylamine or oxalate of aniline.
The proportions of a chlorate or nitrite to be added if it be desired to facilitate the
reaction, are not absolute; they may be employed in excess without detriment.
The quantity I prefer to use corresponds to about half of the weight of the base
employed.
Analogous results may be obtained by mixing in a colourless or in a coloured
typographic ink in suitable proportions, aniline or preferably oxalate of aniline, or a
homologue, and chlorate of potash.
It is to be understood that the addition of vanadates or other metallic salts known
to be favourable to the formation of emeraldine will only have the effect of aiding the
desired reaction. Indeed, inks prepared in this way produce emeraldine in the
presence of hydrochloric acid which is often used for removing the traces of
ordinary ink.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention,
and in what manner it is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
In printing cheques, bonds, and other papers or documents
1. The use or employment of inks having for their bases vegetable or artificial
colouring matters such as alizarin, purpurin, the dye extracts of woods or plants,
capable of developing their colouring effect and of staining the paper on an alkaline
reagent being applied for the purpose of removing or altering numbers or other marks
as above set forth.
2. The use or employment of inks having for their bases naphthylamine diphenyl-
amine, aniline, or their homologues, with or without the addition of chemical reagents,
and mixed with or without other colours or fatty inks, with the object of producing
on tho paper marks or characters that become indelible whilst changing colour when
acted upon by certain reagents which have the effect of rendering colourless writing
done with ordinary ink.
3. The manufacture of cheques bonds and the like printed with inks, such as
referred to in claim 1 or in claim 2 as and for the purpose set forth.
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in or Pertaining to the Manufacture or Froduction
of Printed Cheques, Bonds, and other Papers or Documents to
Prevent Fraudulent Alterations therein.
I, ALBERT SCHLUMBERGER, of 1, Rue Bausset, Paris, France, Chemist, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has reference to the manufacture or production of printed cheques,
bonds, and other papers or documents by the use of such substances as will prevent
fraudulent alterations being made, for which purpose in printing such papers or
documents according to this invention, whether from type, plate, or stone, improved
inks are
employed having a base consisting of vegetable or artificial colouring matters,
such that when paper has been printed upon with these inks either in white or in
colour, the inks will produce stains of various colours and of considerable intensity if
treated with alkaline solutions such as are often employed with a fraudulent intent,
and for example, when it is attempted to remove numbers or figures from the coupons
of bonds, share certificates, lottery tickets, etc, by means of a more or less concen-
trated caustic lye.
According to this invention substances are employed that develope their colour
Suitable substances are, amongst
only under the influence of alkaline reactions.
others, alizarin, purpurin, bresileine or the colouring matter of brazil wood, orcín,
hoematoxylin, or the dye extracts of dye woods, prepared in such a manner as to
produce on paper faint colours only, in the absence of mordants, but acquiring a very
marked intensity of colour by contact with alkalies.
For instance, the ground-work of a note or document when printed with alizarin

page_text: only appears of an orange buff colour which changes to purple when treated with
alkali.
The colouring principle of Brazil or Fernambuca wood undergoes an analogous
change.
The extract of Orchella (Cubear) which appears brown at first on the paper, is
changed to a violet colour by the action of alkali.
Benzile red known as "Rouge Congo" may also be employed with advantage
because it is changed to a blackish blue by treatment with acids, and to a bright red
by treatment with alkalies.
I make use of special inks for printing coupons, especially the numbers thereof, so
as to prevent their being washed off with alkaline solutions; such ink can be easily
produced when common lamp black ink is available.
This special ink is obtained by mixing with ordinary lamp black ink a certain
proportion of dry artificial alizarin or purpurin bresileine hoematoxyline (the colouring
principle of logwood) or any one of the other colouring matters herein before men-
tioned that will cause the paper to be soiled or altered in colour on the slightest
attempt being made to tamper with the marks or numbers by means of an alkaline
solution.
As an example printing ink according to this invention may be produced as
follows:-
I triturate lamp black with fatty varnishes in the manner usually practised in the
manufacture of ordinary printing ink, at the same time adding 20% to 30% of
powdered artificial alizarin, so as to give to the ink thus made the property of soiling
the paper when in contact with alkalies.
Inks according to this invention may also have for their base naphthylamine or
diphenylamine with or without the addition of other colouring matters, or of chemical
reagents as for example chlorate of potash or nitrite of soda which will act on
naphthylamine or diphenylamine when acid is used for destroying the writing of a
cheque, bill etc, since the tar derivatives or their combinations have the property of
turning brown in the presence of certain reagents, for example chlorine, and thus
producing on the paper, especially in the text of cheques or bills of exchange, stains
that are very difficult to remove, and which render the falsification or alteration of the
written portions of a document, such as a cheque or a bill of exchange, extremely
difficult.
The following is an example of the method of preparing such an ink --I triturate
in a fatty varnish, a colour of a violet, blue, rose or other tint, in the manner usually
practised for preparing a colored ink, and incorporate during such trituration.
20 to 30% of naphthylamine B. (beta-naphthylamine or one of its salts) or I may
substitute for this base diphenylamine or oxalate of aniline.
The proportions of a chlorate or nitrite to be added if it be desired to facilitate the
reaction, are not absolute; they may be employed in excess without detriment.
The quantity I prefer to use corresponds to about half of the weight of the base
employed.
Analogous results may be obtained by mixing in a colourless or in a coloured
typographic ink in suitable proportions, aniline or preferably oxalate of aniline, or a
homologue, and chlorate of potash.
It is to be understood that the addition of vanadates or other metallic salts known
to be favourable to the formation of emeraldine will only have the effect of aiding the
desired reaction. Indeed, inks prepared in this way produce emeraldine in the
presence of hydrochloric acid which is often used for removing the traces of
ordinary ink.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention,
and in what manner it is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
In printing cheques, bonds, and other papers or documents
1. The use or employment of inks having for their bases vegetable or artificial
colouring matters such as alizarin, purpurin, the dye extracts of woods or plants,
capable of developing their colouring effect and of staining the paper on an alkaline
reagent being applied for the purpose of removing or altering numbers or other marks
as above set forth.
2. The use or employment of inks having for their bases naphthylamine diphenyl-
amine, aniline, or their homologues, with or without the addition of chemical reagents,
and mixed with or without other colours or fatty inks, with the object of producing
on the
paper marks or characters that become indelible whilst changing colour when
acted upon by certain reagents which have the effect of rendering colourless writing
done with ordinary ink.
3. The manufacture of cheques bonds and the like printed with inks, such as
referred to in claim or in claim 2 as and for the purpose set forth.
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.