IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF BLOOD ALBUMEN AND THE APPLICATION OF THE SAME FOR PURPOSES OF DYEING AND PRINTING ON TEXTILE AND OTHER FABRICS WITH COLOURS, ALSO APPLICABLE TO SIZING AND ENAMELLING WOOD, GLASS, AND METALS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Thomas Kingzett, of Shaftesbury Terrace,
Warwick Road, Kensington, Chemist, and Maximilian Zingler, of Buckland
Terrace, Belsize Park, Gentleman, both in the County of Middlesex, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF BLOOD ALBUMEN AND
THE APPLICATION OF THE SAME FOR PURPOSES OF DYEING AND PRINTING ON
TEXTILE AND OTHER FABRICS WITH COLOURS, ALSO APPLICABLE TO SIZING AND
ENAMELLING WOOD, GLASS, AND METALS."
Sealed the 19th December 1876, and dated the 26th June 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Thomas Kingzett
and Maximilian Zingler at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
26th June 1876.
CHARLES THOMAS KINGZETT, of Shaftesbury Terrace, Warwick Road, Kensington,
Chemist, and MAXIMILIAN ZINGLER, of Buckland Terrace, Belsize Park, Gentleman,
both in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF BLOOD
ALBUMEN AND THE APPLICATION OF THE SAME FOR PURPOSES OF DYEING AND
PRINTING ON TEXTILE AND OTHER FABRICS WITH COLOURS, ALSO APPLICABLE
TO SIZING AND ENAMELLING WOOD, GLASS, AND METALS."
In carrying out the objects of our Invention, as above set forth, we treat
defibrinated blood with a certain volume of turpentine or resin spirit, or any other
hydrocarbon which developes peroxide of hydrogen by absorption of oxygen, and
pass a current of air through the mixture, heated to about say 60° Fahrenheit, or
to any desired temperature, or we use the antiseptic described in Kingzett and
Zingler's Patent, No. 274, January 24th, 1876. This operation is preferably, how-
ever, conducted upon the serum of blood, by which means nearly colourless albumen
is obtained, and can be kept in a soluble form as liquid at any strength for
any length of time. By mixing the same with colours, according to the consistency
required for dyeing or printing on textile and other fabrics, a colour or dye is
obtained; the fabrics as printed or dyed are then passed through either heated
rollers or dried in a hot air chamber. Colours like aneline dyes are first dissolved
either in spirit or water previous to mixing with the albumen solution.
Sometimes when treated with colours such as aneline, a particular mordant,

page_text: such as acetate of lead or tartaric acid, or any other mordant, may be used and
applied.
In applying the product (purified albumen) for sizing or enamelling we merely
coat the surfaces over and allow them to dry; or the product may be mixed with
baryta or its salts or strontia or its salts. The same (that is, sizing and enamelling)
can be effected by treating dissolved blood or egg albumen in water mixed with
methylated spirit or turpentine, and incorporated with baryta or its salts or strontia
or its salts.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Charles Thomas Kingzett and Maximilian Zingler in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 23rd December 1876.
CHARLES THOMAS KINGZETT, of Shaftesbury Terrace, Warwick Road, Kensington,
Chemist, and MAXIMILIAN ZINGLER, of Buckland Terrace, Belsize Park, Gentleman,
both in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF BLOOD
ALBUMEN AND THE APPLICATION OF THE SAME FOR PURPOSES OF DYEING AND
PRINTING ON TEXTILE AND OTHER FABRICS WITH COLOURS, ALSO APPLICABLE TO
SIZING AND ENAMELLING WOOD, GLASS, AND METALS."
In carrying out the objects of our Invention, as above mentioned, we treat
defibrumated blood with a certain volume of turpentine or rosin spirit, or any other
bydrocarbon which developes peroxide of hydrogen by absorption of oxygen, and
pass a current of air through the mixture, heated to about say 60° Fahrenheit, or to
any desired temperature, or we use the antiseptic described in Kingzett and
Zingler's Patent, No. 274, Jan. 24th, A.D. 1876. This operation is preferably, how-
ever, conducted upon the serum of blood, by which means nearly colourless albumen
is obtained, and can be kept in a soluble form as liquid at any strength for any
length of time. By mixing the colorless albumen, prepared according to our said
Invention with colours according to the consistency required for dyeing or printing
on textile and other fabrics, a color or dye is obtained. The fabrics as printed or
dyed are then passed through either heated rollers or dried in a hot air chamber, or
submitted to the action of steam. Colors like aniline dyes are first dissolved
either in spirit or water previous to mixing with the albumen solution.
Sometimes when treated with colors such as antiline a particular mordant,
such as acetate of lead or tartaric acid, or any other mordant, may be used and
applied.
In applying the product (purified albumen) for sizing or enamelling we merely
coat the surfaces over and allow them to dry; or the product may be mixed with
baryta or its salts or strontia or its salts. The same (that is, sizing and enamelling)
can be effected by treating dissolved blood or egg albumen in water mixed with
methylated spirit or turpentine, and incorporated with baryta or its salts or strontia
or its salts.
There are two main varieties of albumen used for printing and other purposes;
these are egg and blood albumen, and of these again there are various qualities.
Hitherto, for all the most important purposes, egg albumen has been employed,
on account of the difficulty presented by the color of blood albumen; the con-
sequence is that a large amount of food is withdrawn from the market, and blood
albumen being only used for the less important purposes its manufacture is not very
profitable. We have thus set forth in a general way the means we have invented
of improving the quality of blood albumen by decolorizing it by a new process. At
the same time such a change is effected that it may be kept in solution without
undergoing any putrefactive process during a protracted period. In consequence of
this we believe our product will effectually fulfil all the purposes to which egg
albumen has been hitherto chiefly applied, and we also use our purified and improved
albumen for the other purposes set forth, this is to say, in addition to its use as a

page_text: vohicle for fixing certain colors on textile and other fabrics, it also will fix certain
colors not admitting hitherto of fixation by any hitherto known form of albumen.
Moreover, we use a mixture of our preparation with various colors, with or without
mordants, as a dye or coloring material, apart from the ordinary printing process.
We further use our albumen as a size or enamel for articles of wood, glass, or
metal.
We now proceed to describe the processes by which we obtain an improved form
of blood albumen, and we also apply these same processes to the egg and blood
albumen of commerce. As these occur in commerce in the form of dry scales we
first dissolve them in water, and to the solutions apply the processes which we also
supply to blood in its various forms and conditions herein-before recited.
The blood of oxen, sheep, or any other slaughtered animals is allowed to stand
for some hours in flat shallow vessels, or is beaten by twigs; in the first case a clot
forms, leaving a thinner solution, still containing some blood corpuscles; in the
second case the fibrine coagulates and encloses in its meshes the corpuscles of the
blood, and is removed in either case. To these liquids freed from clot, or to blood
itself, we add from five or ten to thirty or more per cent. of ordinary turps or
turpentine, or rosin spirit, or any other hydrocarbon which by absorption of oxygen
produces peroxide of hydrogen. We prefer to use turpentine. We then cause a
current of air or oxygen to be drawn or blown through the mixture at a tem-
perature of 20 to 60 degrees centigrade, the mixture being contained and the whole
operation performed in such an apparatus as that we have described in the
Specification of our Patent, No. 274, dated January 24th, A.D. 1876. In this way any
turpentine that is volatilised is condensed and returned, so far as need be, to the
vessels containing it in mixture with the albumen. As the air or oxygen passes
through it is absorbed partly by the turpentine forming peroxide of hydrogen,
camphoric acid, and camphor, and this peroxide of hydrogen decomposes in situ,
evolving nascent oxygen, which decolorizes the albumen solution, while the camphoric
acid and other products formed, while they do not interfere with its further uses,
yet preserve it from putrefaction and decay. In this way then a solution is obtained
by continuing the process for some hours until all the turpentine is oxydised or
volatisized, or both, or the mixture is drawn off and the excess of turpentine
separated by decantation, filtration, or other means. Such a solution of albumen
can be used by itself for the purposes we have set forth above, or it can be diluted
before use with water and a small quantity of methylated spirit, or it can be
evaporated to dryness by the ordinary methods, so preserved. We prefer both to
store upon and use it in the original form of solution.
The following applications are made for sizing, enamelling, and painting; in each
case the process is first gone through for preparing the albumen :-
1st. In sizing, the material (which must be quite dry) is either painted with a
brush or rubbed or worked in with a solution of albumen; before doing so &
small addition of spirit is made to the albumen solution. If the material for sizing
is required to represent any color it is coated with the color required first; after
this is dry the albumen solution for sizing is applied; and in order to effect the
coagulation or hardening of the same it is coated when dry with any of the known
spirits, or petroleum, or turpentine; this process is repeated according to the thick-
ness of sizing required. Sizing effected in accordance with our Invention, as above
described, is especially applicable to musical instruments composed wholly or partly
of wood, such as violins, violincellos, pianofortes, and such others.
2nd. In enamelling the albumen is mixed with any desired pigment, with the
addition of baryta or its salts or strontia or its salts, to the consistency required,
and then applied. After application it is submitted to the action of heat or
steam.
3rd. In painting the pigment color is mixed with the albumen solution and
thoroughly incorporated with same. The pigment and the solution are preferably
mixed in equal proportions. When the mixture is to be thinned water is added.

page_text: When the painting is dry it may be desirable that a thin coating of gum solution
be applied, which however must not contain oil.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed or put in practice, we would say
that we do not claim the use of mixing turpentine with blood or blood albumen,
and allowing the mixture to stand with some stirring; neither do we claim the use
of peroxide of hydrogen prepared by other processes and added to the blood or
blood albumen; but what we do claim as one Invention is,
The use of turpentine in admixture with any form of albumen solution in such a
way that we induce from its oxidation, by air or oxygen, a rapid formation in situ
of peroxide of hydrogen, camphoric acid, and camphor.
We further claim the various uses of our products, as herein-before set forth and
described.
Finally. We also claim the use of the solution of peroxide of hydrogen, cam-
phoric acid, and other constituents prepared as described in our Patent, No. 274,
A.D. 1876, for effecting our Invention, as above set forth, instead of generating such
a mixture of substances in situ with the albumen.
In witness whereof, I, the said Maximilian Zingler, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-third day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
Witness,
T. MORGAN,
Secretary,
Inventor's Patent Right Assn. Ld.,
21, Cockspur Street, S.W.
M. ZINGLER. (L.S.)