Improved Means of Hingeing and Fastening Doors, Windows, and the like.
Year: 1893

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Means of Hingeing and Fastening Doors, Windows, and
the like.
I, IVAN PAVLOVITCH, Chargé d'Affaires of the Servian Embassy, 71, Wilhelm
Strasse, Berlin, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
It may often be noticed in much frequented public places, such as churches,
theatres, restaurants, railway stations, government offices, and other places, that
persons about to enter through a doorway are for a short space of time undecided
as to whether the door opens to the right or to the left. This drawback
may be entirely removed by arranging a hinge on both of the vertical edges
of the door, so that one may enter or come out on the right side as well as on
the left.
The desire to push a door open to the right and to draw it after one to the
left is one of the peculiarities of the average person. With a door which has a
hinge on both of its vertical edges, this inclination may always be indulged.
It also often happens in arranging a new dwelling that one is obliged to
arrange one's furniture or a large portion of the paper-hanging work in a manner
which is contrary to one's wishes or the customary usages, on account of the
unsuitable arrangement of the door--because, for instance, the door is to be opened
inward instead of outward,-
,-or else considerable expense is entailed in order to
have the door rearranged.
In this case an arrangement such as indicated above would obviate all
inconvenience and unnecessary expense.
Similar reasons may also be adduced for the adaptability of the above arrange.
ment to windows, cupboards, and doors, generally. If, for instance, a casement-
window could be opened outward and inward, the washing and cleaning of the
panes would never occasion the danger to life which has already so often been
fatally proved, for the person cleaning would always be able to turn the casement
window inward into the room, no matter whether the inside or the outside of the
pane is to be cleaned. Furthermore, one would be enabled-for the purpose of
thorough ventilation-to open the upper casement-window outward, and the lower
one inward, in accordance with the natural inclination of the warmer air in the
upper part of the room to flow out, and of the cold air outside to enter the room
through the lower part of the window.
As a third illustration of the value of this invention, I may mention its application
to a cupboard door. It is often inconvenient to bring out an object which has
been hidden in a corner of the cupboard, and which would otherwise lie before
one's eyes, if the cupboard were provided with a door provided with hinges con-
structed on the principle indicated above, and which might be opened to the right
or to the left, as required.
According to the present invention, in place of the ordinary hinges and locks
there is provided at each corner of the door a bolt which is capable of motion in
the direction of its axis. These bolts are connected up with each other by means
of discs and rods or racks and pinions, whereby the bolts on one side of the door
may be withdrawn from their sockets in the door frame whilst the corresponding
bolts on the opposite side of the door remain in their sockets and form pivots about
which the door turns.
In the drawings,
Hiouns
HAAR

page_text: and
the frame surrounding it, provided with mechanism according to my
invention.
Figure 2 is a horizontal section taken on the line A A Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a perspective view illustrating the manner in which the four
bolts a bed of the principal figure are carried in their sockets, and are prevented
by a projection, shaped similarly to the bit of a key, from being withdrawn from
their sockets unless the door is closed.
Figure 4 illustrates the application of my invention to a cupboard door, where
the lock may be arranged at the bottom of the door, and not in the centre as in
Figure 1.
Figure 5 shews the application of my invention to a double door, such as might
for instance be used for a book-case or as a room door. The locking mechanism,
which, with a single turn of the key, locks both doors at the same time at eight
different points with eight different bolts, is necessarily drawn to a small scale in
this figure; but in
Figures 6 and 7 it is illustrated upon a larger scale.
Figure 8 shews the arrangement in cases where a double door is used as a
room door.
Figures 9, 10 and 11 serve as diagrams for the further explanation of the double
doors illustrated in Figures 5 to 8.
Upon reference to Figures 1 to 3 of the drawings, it will be seen that e and f
are two discs, which by means of a handle g can be rotated backwards and forwards
to a certain extent. These discs are connected with each other by a rod in
such a manner that the turning of one causes a corresponding rotation of the other,
as is quite plain from the drawing. Two springs j k act upon this rod in such a
manner that by means of two pins Im they press it in opposite directions but in
such a manner that the play of the springs is limited by the stops n o, so that when
the two discs e and turn to the right, and the bar therefore moves towards the
left, the spring i is not acting, because the pin 1 moves away from the spring which
is now held by the stop n, and only the spring acts upon the bar in such a
manner that the latter has a tendency to move back again towards the right, which
tendency it communicates to the two discs e and f, and to the door-handles g g
The same action (only in the opposite direction) takes place when, by means of
the door-handle, the discs are turned to the left.
×
It will be clear from the above description, that the discs ef, bar h, and all the
parts pa¹—y b―rds of the mechanism are only in a state of rest when in their
middle position, because only in this middle position do both the springs ik remain
inactive. The extreme ends of the bolts a b c d are provided with a projection a
which is shewn in all three figures. The bolts a and b are drawn as pushed out of
the door to such an extent, that they pass entirely through the sockets vw already
mentioned, which are let into the door frame t, u, and fastened with screws in the
usual manner. The bolts with their projections are, as far as the door is concerned,
only movable in the direction of their axes, and are not turnable thereon. If the
whole door is now considered turned in such a manner that the straight line
between a and b forms the axis, then the bolts a b which now become pivots will
turn in their sockets in such a manner that the projections thereon assume the
position indicated in Figure 3. The consequence of this is that, as long as the
door does not return into its closed position, such projections absolutely prevent
the bolts from being withdrawn from their sockets in the direction of their axes.
The object of this arrangement is as follows:
f
It is clear that by turning the door handle 9 or g' the two bolts a and b are
pushed out whilst at the same time the bolts c and d are drawn back, or vice versa.
If now it had not been so arranged that by means of the projection a* it is
impossible to draw back the bolts so long as the door is not again fully closed, the
case might occur that, while the door is in its open position, the bolts a b which
are now pivots would be drawn in and the door might fall out of the door frame.

page_text: Furthermore, it will be readily understood, that in the middle position-which has.
not been drawn in the figure-of the entire mechanism, each of the four bolts a b c d
enters into its socket (v w etc.) to the extent of half its possible motion in the
direction of its axis.
At a lock is fixed. It is clear at once without further explanation, that when
the bolt of this lock is pushed downwards and enters between two horns provided
on the bar (which horns can be seen in the drawing) it is absolutely impossible.
to move the entire mechanism or any portion of it. From this it follows.
that by operating this lock the whole of the four bolts a bed are locked in
their middle position, and it is impossible to open the door either one way or
the other. It may here be mentioned that the door frame may be provided
with ledges such as indicated at y Figure 2, against which the door strikes in
closing. If these ledges are absent, then the door may be opened backwards.
and forwards-like the well-known vestibule door-in both directions but in a.
fourfold manner.
=
Figure 4 represents the same principle of construction as Figure 1, though in a
somewhat different application. In place of the discs ef of the former, there is here-
an arrangement of toothed racks and pinions e¹ and for the purpose of trans-
mitting rectilinear motion from the vertical to the horizontal direction, and the
lock is at a¹, i.e. at the lowest part of the door, the position of the lock being
however really quite optional and may be placed as shewn at 2 in Figure 5, and
the door will always be securely locked whenever any one of the parts of the
mechanism that are movable in the direction of their axis, is prevented from moving
at all.
It may here be pointed out in connection with Figure 4 that only the upper
bolt a² is provided with a projection a*, whilst the lower bolt has none,-a circum-
stance which will be further explained in connection with Figure 8.
Figure 5 shews the modification described with reference to Figure 4, applied
to double doors, which abut in the middle of the doorway, and thus have no ledge.
In this case the lock-which is drawn in Figure 6 on a larger scale-is so made
that the whole of the eight bolts 63, 64, 65, 66, d³, d, etcetera, can be locked by one
single turn of the key. The bolt has an indentation 1 into which-for the
purpose of locking the door-enters a pin 2 which is soldered onto the locking
bolt 3; the bolt 6, has a similar indentation 4 into which enters a pin 5, attached
to the catch 6 which is pivotted at 7. A spiral spring 8 tends to keep the pin 5 out
of gear with 6°. The head 9 of the locking bolt 3 corresponds to the end 10 of the
catch 6 of the other door. If therefore the bolt 3 is pushed to the right by means
of key 11, 2 enters into 1, 9 pushes 10 and causes 5 to enter into 4. Thus the
locking of the whole of the eight bolts is accomplished. For better explanation
Figure 7 shews a cross section of Figure 6. A comparison of the corresponding
reference letters assists in understanding the figures.
In connection with the double door Figure 5, it was mentioned that it might be
considered as a book-case door. The consequence of this is that both doors will
only have to open outwards, as indicated in diagram Figure 11. In this figure (11)
the thick lines represent the various positions of the two doors of a book-case provided
with this arrangement. There is nothing to prevent the same arrangement from
being adopted for windows, room doors, etcetera, which open both ways.
In these
cases two circumstances are to be distinguished, namely, either the leaves are
allowed to open according to the diagram 12, 14-13, 15 in Figure 10 or according
to 16, 18-17, 19 of Figure 9. In both cases a limitation of the angle of opening
is desirable. Besides the many means already known for this purpose, use may also
be made of the arrangement indicated in Figure 8. In connection with this figure
it is assumed (though this is not a sine qui non) that only the upper or only the
lower bolts have projections a*, the others being simply cylindrical bolts. The
sockets 20 (Figure 8) are fixed to the door frames by means of screws 21 and have
slots 23 22 of such a shape that the part 22 lies concentrically round 63 whilst the
part 23 lies concentrically round d³. Corresponding with these slots there is in the

page_text: door, very close to the pivot, a pin which travels in the slot. This pin is indicated
by the black dots 24, and is shewn in three places in Figure 8, viz. at d³, 1ª, dª, but
there is none at 63. The following is the explanation of this :--
The arrangement according to Figure 8 corresponds to diagram Figure 9, and it
is to be assumed that the left hand door is entirely opened as at 16. Then one pin
stands in the position 24 at d³, the second pin of the same door has gone out of
Figure 8 by the slot 23 and must be imagined to be at the spot at which the
Figure 24 is placed in Figure 9. As regards the right hand door, it must be
assumed that it is neither in the position 17, nor 19, but is closed. Assuming this,
the two pins of the right hand door are in the black dots at 64 and d of Figure 8;
it is plain they fulfil the purpose of limiting the extent to which the door can be
opened. For instance, the left hand door cannot open further than to 16
(Figure 9), because pin 24 has arrived at the end of the slot shewn at d³ in
Figure 8.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The hingeing of doors, windows, and the like, by means of two pairs of bolts
movable in the direction of their axes, the movements of which bolts are in such
relation to each other that whilst one pair are withdrawn from the door frame the
other pair remain within the same, for the purpose of allowing the revolution of the
door to take place round either of the pairs of bolts, as desired.
2. In hingeing mechanism of the type herein described, the formation of pro-
jections on the bolts thereof which prevent one of the two pairs of bolts from being
withdrawn, so long as such bolts form the turning axis of the door; also the springs
arranged in such a manner, that all the bolts tend to remain in the middle position
of their travel; substantially as and for the purposes herein described.
3. The combination of the hingeing mechanism herein described, with a lock, the
bolt of which, when shot, enters between two projections formed upon a moving part
of such mechanism in such a manner that the bolts thereof are locked in their
middle position, resulting in the door being bolted in four places, substantially as
described.
4. In hingeing and locking mechanism of the type herein described, the means of
locking double doors, consisting of the bolt-head 9 of the lock of one door, gearing
with a catch 10 arranged in the other door, when such double doors are bolted in
eight places, whereby such bolts are locked in their "shot" position, substantially as
described with reference to the drawings.
5. In hingeing mechanism of the type herein described, the means of limiting the
extent to which the door may be opened, consisting of a pin (24) travelling in a
slot (22, 23), part of which is concentric with the axis of the door; substantially
as described with reference to the drawings.
Dated this 25th day of March 1893.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON, Fels. Chart. Inst. P.A.,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Applicant's Patent Agents.