Improvements in Flue or Furnace Bricks, and in Flues, Smoke Conduits, Chimney Shafts, and Stacks constructed therewith.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Jan., 1895-Accepted, 24th May, 1895
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by ETIENNE LACOTE, Manufacturer, of 5, Rue
Mazagran, Paris, in the Republic of France.]
Improvements in Flue or Furnace Bricks, and in Flues, Smoke
Conduits, Chimney Shafts, and Stacks constructed therewith.
I PHILIP ARTHUR NEWTON of The Office for Patents, 6 Bream's Buildings,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Lonion, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The present application for Patent relates to improvements in furnace bricks to
be used in the construction of smoke conduits.
The employment of these improved flue or furnace hearth bricks enables the
interior partitions of flues or chimney shafts to be made impervious to the gases of
combustion and smoke, the vertical joints in the courses not meeting each other,
and the passage between the joints being intercepted by a rebated portion or
overlap, which always extends beyond the adjoining brick. By this means all
communication of smoke or gas from one conduit to another is avoided, which
has not hitherto been the case in chimneys and flues built with the bricks in
ordinary use.
With these bonding furnace bricks having a separate tongue joint, all the
defects attendant upon the present system of building flues and chimney shafts are
remedied.
The bond stone or tongue separating the flues of the chimney is of a length
sufficient to form a bond brick in the wall, or may be made up of two parts, and
jointed, if the width of the flue is too great, and in the latter case as in the first,
the rebated joint will be interleaved or overlapped, so as to intercept the passage
With this form of flue or furnace brick, the
of the gases of combustion or smoke.
facing of the wall between the heads of the bricks, when they are separated, or out
of connection, may be finished by any kind of wall material.
In order that the invention may be clearly understood, the improved bricks, and
some of the constructions in which they are capable of being employed, are shewn
in the annexed drawings.
Fig. 1 shews in sectional elevation (on the line 1, 2 of Fig. 2) the shaft
of a chimney stack composed of flue or furnace bricks with filling-in bricks
interposed.
Fig. 2 is a plan shewing the flue or furnace bricks with the necessary filling-in
bricks to form a gas or smoke conduit.
In these figures, A indicates the upper course of bricks, and A¹ the next or
lower course of bricks.
Fig. 3 shews a brick made in two parts.
This bonding flue or furnace brick, in plan, has nearly the form of a T, of which
the head, B, has two jointing notches or rebates, a, b, b*, made in opposite directions,
so as to fit the one into the other, as in Fig. 2, at c.
From the part C of the brick A, rises a bonding tongue D, which lies against
the surface d of the brick A', to be next placed upon it, with its spade head
in a reversed position with respect to A, as indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 2.
The gap left between the two parts B1 B1 in the same course, is filled in by a
brick E, of the ordinary or any appropriate form.
The projections b and 6* may be dispensed with, or their form varied, according
5 to the form of filling in brick E employed.

page_text: The smoke conduit F may be round, oval, rectangular, or square, and the
angles g g of the bricks are made to suit the form adopted for the said conduit.
The rebates a b may be likewise modified in shape, if necessary.
The bricks may be made in one or more pieces, with suitable rebated joints, as
shewn in Fig. 3.
Fig. 4 shews two bricks A2 A3, of a form slightly modified from those shown in
Figs. 1, 2, and 3, the difference being, sthat the part B terminates in a double
bevil, to give more solidity to the chimney shaft or stacks, and a more efficient
union with the materials of which the wall is composed.
In this, case, the filling-in bricks E will take the form shewn in the drawing.
These bricks-are laid one upon the other, with the spade head of itherbrick in
reversed position in the several courses, as before mentioned.
Fig. 5.shews another variety of flue brick, permitting of the employment of
ordinary bricks for filling in.' If it is desired to have the angles of the flues
rounded off, this brick may have a head B2, as shewn in the idrawing, or if
the conduit is to have acute angles, the brickimay take the form shewn in dotted
lines at b².
In these two cases, the bricks used for filling in, bear against the part B2, and
are laid so that the joints shall alternate, that is to say, that on one side. of the flue,
the ordinary bricks lie,end to end, so as to form, the joint in the centre of the
thickness of the flue brick E2, while on the other side of the flue, a.brick.is..placed
perpendicularly, or at right angles, with reference. to the flue .brick. The flue
brick may also be bonded totally or partially, either at one or both ends, according
to the bond or style of work adopted, as,shewn in Fig. 7, where the flue brick.E2
,is bonded at one end.only.
The flue brick may also be made in one piece with the facing brick, the form
of this latter being capable of infinite variation, .according to the style of work
.adopted.
The forms of brick shewn at Figs. 4, 5, and 7, may be used in like manner to
that represented in Fig. 1, but if desired, the bricks may have the form, and be
laid, as shewn in the sectional view at Fig. 6.
The jointing tongue D2 may be of any, thickness.thought desirable, and made on
one or both faces as seen in Fig. 9.
The tongue may be made independent of the body, of the flue brick, that is to
say, a movable tongue may be made of various materials, which may enter and
engage recesses prepared for the same in the bricks which form the walls of
the flue.
In Fig. 8 is shewn a bonding flue brick A³, having a square head interlocking
with the facing bricks A3*, in which are arranged the necessary. notches for
receiving the bonding flue brick.
The forms of bricks are varied, to obtain the style of work or bond shewn in
Fig. 10, or, still better, a bond resembling the ordinary brickwork as shewn at
Fig. 11.
In Fig. 10, as will be seen, the head A4 of the bricks B appears on the face of
the wall, and to complete the course, filling-in bricks C, are employed.
In Fig. 11 the facing bricks for joining up are formed of bricks D'. laid in
alternate courses.
Figs. 12 and 13 shew another variation of brick, in which holes or spaces H
and H are made thro' the brick, either .in a vertical or horizontal direction, to
lighten it, without injuring its stability.and force of resistance.
.and
Fig. 12 shews a flue brick pierced with holes or spaces in a vertical direction ;
Fig. 13 shews a flue brick pierced with holes or spaces in a horizontal direction.
The number of holes may vary according to circumstances, and the form may be
either round, oval, square, rectangular, etc., or the flue.brick may be made entirely
holiow.
As will be easily understood, these variations, which do not modify in any way

page_text: the principles of the invention, will offer important advantages in certain cases.
The flue brick thus lightened in a vertical or horizontal direction, or in both
directions at one time, will be very much lighter, and will have the advantage, in
light structures, of reducing the load to be supported, while at the same time it
will be possible to transport a larger number of bricks without increasing the
weight of the load, thereby effecting economy in the material used for their
manufacture, and in freight and expenses.
Other advantages of these improved flue bricks, as illustrated by Figs. 14, 15,
16, 17, and 18, consist in their being applicable to walls backed with iron girders,
and capable of employment, while at the same time the distances required by the
building regulations of each country can be complied with.
Fig. 14 shews, in plan, a party wall and the interior partitions forming the smoke
passages, which are arranged within the wall;
Fig. 15 a vertical section of the same wall;
Fig. 16 a cross section of the wall, with the flue bricks in place.
Fig. 17 shews the same bricks backed by an iron girder.
Fig. 18 shews, in perspective, two bricks F and G, of which one is shorter than
the other, and capable of being alternated, to leave a certain distance between
them, either one side or the other.
On examining Figs. 14, 15, and 16, it will be seen that the bricks are so laid, as
to each form a partition of the flue interposed in such a manner that the notches A³
of the bonding flue brick are so arranged as to receive the filling-in bricks. The
notches B also serve to receive a filling-in brick.
For the iron girder arrangement, the large notched portions A³, Fig. 16, form
projecting parts Go, which fit into the rough wall filling e' of the said iron girders, and
which leave between the girders and the wall of the flue, a space D', which receives
a brick d³ with the proper charge of plaster.
The notch B5 serves as in the preceding case.
It will be understood that the number and the dimensions of these notches may
be varied, and they may even be dispensed with, by adopting suitable bricks
(see Fig. 18), and laying them in an appropriate manner; likewise the bond or
style of work may be varied infinitely, whatever the connections with the said
bricks and walls may be. The dimensions of the bricks, and generally all materials
employed or capable of being so, with the bricks, in smoke flues, ventilators,
partitions, etc., may also vary.
It will be understood that my bricks may be made either straight or inclined.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me by
my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. The flue or furnace bricks hereinbefore described with reference to the
accompanying drawings.
2. The combination, in the construction of flues and chimneys, of the herein-
before described flue or furnace bricks with filling-in bricks of appropriate form,
substantially as set forth.
3. For the construction of flues and chimneys, notched facing bricks intended to
be used substantially as explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
4. The employment, in connection with the herein before described flue bricks, of
girders or plates, in the manner explained with reference to Figs. 14 to 17 of the
accompanying drawings.
Dated this 25th day of January 1895.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.