CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING COTTON AND OTHER TEXTILE MATERIALS FOR SPINNING, AND IN TOOLS OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING CARDS AND OTHER PARTS OF SUCH PREPARING MACHINERY, AND IN ENGINES FOR GIVING LOTION TO THE SAME, WHICH ENGINES ARE ALSO APPLICABLE IN OTHER CASES WHERE MOTIVE POWER IS REQUIRED
Year: 1850

page_text: WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL OME, we, JOHN
MASON, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker, and
GEORGE COLLIER, of Halifax, in the County of York, Manager, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twelfth day of December, in the fourteenth year of Her reign,
and in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said John
Mason and George Collier, Her especial license, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that we, the said John Mason and. George Collier, our exors,
adñiors, and assigns, and such others as we, the said John Mason and
George Collier, our exors, adiñors, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term
of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exer-
cise, and vend, within England and Wales and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, our Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING COTTON AND
OTHER TEXTILE MATERIALS FOR SPINNING, AND IN TOOLS OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING
CARDS AND OTHER PARTS OF SUCH PREPARING MACHINERY, AND IN ENGINES FOR GIVING
LOTION TO THE SAME, WHICH ENGINES ARE ALSO APPLICABLE IN OTHER CASES WHERE
MOTIVE POWER IS REQUIRED;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a
proviso that we, the said John Mason and George Collier, or one of us, shall
cause a particular description of the nature of our said Invention, and in

page_text: what manner the same is to be performed, to be enrolled in Her Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the
same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Mason, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly described and
ascertained in and by the Drawings hereto annexed, and the following expla-
nation thereof, that is to say :-
Our improvements relate,―
Firstly, to the devil or teazer, and consist in. arranging the wool into the
form of a lap, instead of removing it in an irregular state, as is usually
practised.
. Secondly, to the scribbler or first carding engine; this division of our
improvements consisting, firstly, in feeding such machines by two or more laps
of wool wound with intervening folds of cloth, the combined width of such laps
constituting the requisite width of feed; secondly, the application of a roller
provided with cards upon its periphery to the surface of the "taker in," for
the purpose of removing and transferring to the main carding cylinder such of
the material as may have failed in being duly delivered to the machine, this
part of our improvements being also applicable to other carding engines;
thirdly, the application of rollers for removing the wool from the doffer
cylinder; fourthly, the application of a roller placed in contact with the
periphery of the doffer cylinder, for the purpose of condensing and smoothing
the material previously to its being doffed.
Thirdly, to preparing laps for feeding a subsequently used carding engine;
and, firstly, under such division, in an arrangement of apparatus applicable to
winding a sliver into a narrow lap; secondly, in the production of a broad
lap of any desired thickness or length, formed by successive layers of material
proceeding from a carding engine; the peculiar feature of this part of our
Invention consisting in depositing the material in folds transversely upon a
travelling surface, by which movements such folds are continually carried
forward so as to assume a zigzag disposition, the one only partly overlapping
the other, and so constituting a continuous length ready for being applied to
the next machine; thirdly, in another mode of producing a broad lap; the
principle of this method consisting in the employment of a travelling surface
for receiving the material placed at an angle to the axis of the doffer cylinder
so as to take in the whole width thereof, the requisite thickness of material
being obtained either by repeated revolutions of the said travelling surface, or

page_text: by causing it to move at a rate inferior. to the delivery of the material from
the doffer, and thus generate an accumulation upon its surface.
Fourthly, to the second carding engine. Our Invention under this
division consists, firstly, in an improved method of giving motion to the
distributing tube of that apparatus known as "Drown and Walker's Feeder,"
our improvement consisting in the application of a screw motion for effecting
the necessary travelling; secondly, in the application of guides, through
which a series of narrow laps, constituting the feed, pass, such guides being so
arranged that the said laps, upon entering the carding engine, shall slightly
overlap each other, our object being to compensate for a diminished thickness
which usually exists at the edges; thirdly, in the application of one doffer
cylinder, with rings of cards, to condensing carding engines, instead of two, as
usually practised, the slivers being removed from such doffer through the
agency of two or more stripper rollers, each one acting upon alternate rings
of cards.
:
Fifthly, to the wool-combing machine; this division of our improvements
consisting in the application of a roller or rollers, and concave surface or
surfaces, for the purpose of drawing the wool from the combs, instead of, the
pair of rollers usually employed.
Sixthly, to the burring machine; this division consisting in the application
of a roller or rollers and concave surface or surfaces for the purpose of
removing "burrs."
Seventhly, to the slubbing or roving frame, under which division our
improvements consist, firstly, in forming the slit which usually traverses the leg
or legs of flyers of such machines at the back or at the front thereof, instead of
at the side, as usually practised; secondly, in an improvement upon part of
our Invention, for which-Letters Patent were granted to us, bearing date the
Twenty-sixth day of March, One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine; our
present improvement refers to that construction of slubbing or roving appa-
ratus in which the flyer is detached from the spindle, and has an independent
motion communicated thereto, and consists in effecting a greater steadiness of
action, and rendering it independent of the spindle by the employment of a
fixed tube upon or within which its lower part revolves; thirdly, in a method
of steadying flyers, by causing the lower ends of the legs to run in circular
grooves, or in contact with the internal periphery of a circular aperture;
fourthly, in so arranging the relative motions of the flyers and bobbins, where
double pressers are used, that the roving or slubbing end, at that point where
it reaches the bobbin, shall travel in a direction from the point receiving froin
that at which it is delivered from the flyer, so that upon a breakage taking

page_text: place the bobbin in itself must possess a winding tendency, and. thus prevent
an uncoiling of the material, now productive of much waste. This improve-
ment we effect in two ways: firstly, by reversing the angle of direction of
the pressers, and causing the bobbin to revolve at a greater rate than the flyer,
and thus take, as is usually termed, "the lead," the direction of revolution
being the same as that now usually practised; and secondly, (which is the
same thing in effect,) by using the pressers as commonly mounted, and rovers-
ing the direction of their rotation, and also that of the bobbin, but still impart-
ing to the bobbin the necessary velocity for taking the "lead." Fifthly, under
this division, our Invention consists in two improvements upon our tubes or
collars for supporting the spindles, for which Letters Patent were granted* to
us, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of March, One thousand eight hundred
and forty-nine. The first consists in forming the interior of such tubes or
collars of uniform diameter, and the second in forming such collars suitable
for using spindles of decreasing diameter towards their upper ends; sixthly,
in three arrangements of creel for the purpose of mounting the bobbins lower
than is usually practised, and for facilitating their removal.
:
Eighthly, to the card-making machine.. This division of our improvements
consists in the application of a novel arrangement of parts for effecting the
occasional travelling of the working parts of the machine.
Ninthly, to a boring machine; the novelty of this part of our Invention
consisting in operating upon two or more of our patent collars, as aforesaid, at
each end thereof, without removing the same from the machine..
Tenthly, to cutting "cap bars;" this division of our improvements consisting
in the employment of a rotatory cutter or cutters acting upon the slots desired
to be shaped.
Our improved arrangement of "devil" or "teazer" is shewn in the sectional
view, Fig. 1, Sheet 1. Instead of the wool being delivered from the doffer a
into the floor of the machine, we cause it to be received between two revolving
rollers b, b, the one plain and the other fluted. From thence it passes on to
an endless travelling apron c, c, which delivers in to another d, d. Beneath
the latter is placed a roller e, upon which is wound linen or other cloth in a
continuous length. The end of this cloth is conducted to the upper surface of
the travelling apron d, and from thence to a lap roller f. The material under
operation, therefore, will be delivered on to the cloth, and wound with it in
successive distinct folds upon the lap rollerf. Above the surface of the apron
c, we place à revolving cylinder g, in order to press down and equalize the
material as it passes onward to the lap roller. If the wool be teazed in a dry
state, this cylinder may be of. perforated metal or other material, or of wire

page_text: gauze enclosed within a casing, and connected with an exhausting apparatus,
for the purpose of withdrawing dust, as is well understood; and for the purpose
of preventing the material from passing upwards. from the apron c, we apply
a revolving roller, as shewn at h. If the material be in a wet state, then the
exhausting apparatus may be dispensed with, and the cylinder g provided with
plain periphery. The lap roller f may be driven by contact with the surface.
of the apron d, or by other surface motion, as desired. The machine employed
may be of such dimensions as to produce one lap suitable for constituting an
entire feed at the carding engine, or may be constructed so as to form one of
narrow dimensions, a sufficient number being employed to make up the
required width.
a
Our next improvement is shown at Figs. 1 and 2, Sheet 2. a, a, are two laps
of wool wound with intervening layers of cloth, as described with reference to
our "teazer" represented at Sheet 1, or proceeding from any other machine,
by which they may be produced in that disposition. Each of these laps is of
a width equivalent to one half of the necessary feed; they are mounted in
suitable framework, and unlapped by means of the surface rollers b, b, or by
any other ordinary method. The material and the intervening cloths are
conducted over a roller c, at which point they become separated, the former
passing into the carding engine, and the latter falling downwards to be con-
ducted on to rollers placed in any convenient situation, or allowed to fall upon
the floor or into a receptacle provided for the purpose. We have mentioned
but two laps as used to constitute the width of feed; but, if desired, more
may be employed.
Fig. 2, Sheet 1; represents an application of our next improvement. At the
upper surface of the "licker in," we apply a roller, as at a, which, being covered
with cards in the usual manner, and caused to revolve in the direction of the
arrow, will remove any of the material which may not have passed into the
machine, and by delivering it to an additional roller b, also covered with cards,
cause it to be transferred to the main carding cylinders.
Figure 3, Sheet 1, represents the doffer cylinder of a wool first-carding
engine, with our improved mode of removing the material therefrom by means
of rollers. A roller with a plain surface is applied to the periphery of the
doffer, as at a; and beneath this, but apart from the doffer; is a fluted roller
6; between these two the material is conducted, and they being caused to
revolve by any suitable arrangement of mechanism, will effect the desired
removal. The speed of the rollers a, b, will depend in some manner upon the
nature of the material under operation, but as a general rule their surfaces
should revolve at a rate above that of the doffer cylinder.

page_text: Our next improvenient.is shewn at Fig. 2, Sheet 1. Beneath and in contact
with the surface of the doffer cylinder we apply a roller c, provided with a
plain periphery; this roller, being caused to revolve by friction of contact, or
by any other suitable arrangement, will press upon the material carried
forward by the doffer, and, by consolidating it upon the cards thereof, tend to
equalize the thickness of the sliver, so as to effect their more perfect removal.
We have shewn this roller applied to our improved arrangement of condenser
with one doffer cylinder; if desired, however, it may be applied to other con-
structions of carding engine.
Our arrangement of apparatus for winding a sheet of sliver into narrow laps is
shewn in the Figs. of Sheet 3; and, for the sake of explaining the operation of the
machine, we will first describe separately the construction and arrangement of
surface upon which the sliver is to be wound, and subsequently its application to
the improved winding machinery. Fig. 1 is a longitudinal view, partly in sec-
tion, of the parts which receive the sliver, as wound; and Fig. 2 is a cross section
of the same. Upon an axle a, a, there is placed a tube b, b, such tube being
provided with a rib which projects into a longitudinal slit. To one end of the
axle a is affixed a disc d, d, and at the other there is a similar one d*, the
latter, however, being mounted loosely, so as to be capable of being removed
at pleasure in order to admit of the withdrawal of the tube b. The two discs
d, d*, are thus kept a certain distance apart, that which is mounted loosely
being prevented from sliding off the axle a by a boss which bears against
a portion of the framework, or by a pin passing through it and the axle.
Fig. 3 is a representation in front elevation of the improved winding
machine, shewing a portion of a carding engine with the sliver proceeding
therefrom; and Fig. 4 is an end view of the same. The doffer cylinder is
shown at e, e, upon the axle of which is mounted a toothed rim f, taking into a
pinion g mounted upon a shaft h, which shaft, through the intervention of the train
of wheels i, i, i, i, communicates rotary motion to a pulley j, which drives, by
means of a strap, the larger pulley k. Upon the axle of the latter there is
a toothed pinion 1, taking into a wheel m, which is also in gear with another n,
the latter being mounted upon an axle o. Upon this axle there is affixed a
groove cam p, within which is placed a pin 7, projecting from the lever r.
This lever is capable of moving upon a centre s, and is therefore, by the action
of the rotary cam p, caused to vibrate thereon. The upper part of the 3
lever is provided with a slot, within which is situate a stud t, formed upon a
boss which runs loosely upon a shaft u in the direction of the length thereof.
To the boss of the stud t is also connected a guide v, v, which at its upper
end is provided with an aperture through which the sliver passes, as herein-

page_text: after to be described. The vibration of the lever r will, therefore, cause the
stud t, and guide v, to move to and fro upon the shaft u, and consequently
impart a like traversing motion to the sliver of wool. The axle a of the
tube b, upon which the sliver is intended to be wound, is placed within a
slot w, w, formed at each side of the framework of the machine, and is.
caused to revolve by means of a friction drum a, mounted upon the axle z,
which, by running in contact therewith, or with the surface of the material
thereon, effects the necessary winding. A part of the framework w*, consti-
tuting at each side of the machine one boundary of the slot w, w, is detached
from the other portions thereof, and is mounted so as to be capable of turning
downwards loosely upon the shaft, until it shall have arrived in contact with
stop pieces y, y, which are supported by spiral springs y+, y. To the lower
end of this detached or independent portion is affixed a cord 1, 1, 1, 1, which,
after passing over guide pulleys, is weighted so as to counterbalance that
part of the framework marked w, w*, which is thus capable of being drawn
from a depressed position to that shown in the Drawing, in which situation it
is held during the progress of winding by means of a looked catch 2. This
hooked catch is mounted upon a centre pin 3, and its other extremity is con-
nected to a pendant rod 4, the lower part thereof being attached to a lever 5,
which is capable of turning upon a stud affixed to the framework of the
machine; and, in order to keep the catch 2 in this position, one end of a
spiral spring 6 is attached thereto, and the other affixed to a stationary part
of the machine. Upon the axle o is affixed a toothed pinion 7, taking into
the teeth of a wheel 8, the axle of which is provided with a pinion, which com
municates rotary motion to an intermediate pinion 9, which drives a wheel 10,
mounted loosely upon the shaft z. Upon the face of the wheel 10 is attached'
a stud 11, which at each revolution arrives in contact with a piece 12, pro-
jecting inwards from a spring, to which a bell A is attached. The arrange-
ment of wheelwork is so calculated that this contact shall take place when-
ever the desired quantity of material shall have been wound upon the tube b;.
and the attention of the attendant will thereby be called to the removal of the
"lap." There is also another stud upon the face of the wheel 10, as at 13.
This, however, is on the opposite or inside of the wheel, the Drawing shewing
the nut which secures it. At each revolution of the wheel 10 the stud 13 will
arrive in contact with the lever 5, thereby causing it to turn upon its
centre, so as to draw down the rod 4, and lift the hooked catch 2 from its
hold upon the moveable portion w of the framework, so as allow that part
to be brought down on to the stop pieces y. The shaft u,. upon which the

page_text: boss of the guide v is mounted, is free to turn in the bearings which support
it. Although, therefore, the said boss and shaft are connected by means of a
"feather," the guide v is at liberty to rise and fall as may be desired. Such
notion will consequently.carry with it a notched piece 14 (which is. affixed to
the shaft) until it shall have arrived in contact with a stop piece 15, at which
time the descent of the guide v will be arrested. The operation of the
machine is as follows:-According to the position of the parts shewn in the
Drawing the winding of the lap is nearly completed. At the commencement,
however, of such process the lower surface of the tube b will rest upon the drum a,
and the guide v have fallen by reason of its own gravity, so as to be in contact
with the upper surface of the said tube. The material doffed by the comb in
the usual manner is supported by conical drums 20, 20, which serve (in place
of an endless cloth) to keep it from falling. It is then conveyed through the
revolving tube 16, and having passed between rollers 17, 17, is carried over
the arm 18, through the eye of the guide v, to the tube b. The machine
being then put in motion, the drum will be caused to revolve, and impart a
like motion to the tube b, so as to wind the material thereon as it proceeds
from the carding engine, during which operation the revolution of the grooved
cam p will cause the lever r to vibrate upon its centre, thereby traversing the
guide v upon the shaft u, so as to effect a distribution of the sliver in the
direction of the length of the tube b. As the lap increases in diameter the
axle of the tube b will rise in the slot 2, and the material become consolidated
by the presser guide v and its weight against the surface of the revolving
drum. The operation will thus continue until the required quantity to form
a lap shall have been wound on, at which time the stud 11 will arrive in con-
tact with the spring of the bell A, which, being thus rung, will summon the
attendant; immediately following which operation, the stud 13 will operate
upon the lever 5, so as to withdraw the catch 2 as already described, and
liberate the part w* of the framework, which will then turn upon its centre
of motion until arrived in contact with the stop piece y, as shewn by the blue
lines in Fig. 3, during which movement the lap will roll along the periphery
of the drum x, and rest upon the now depressed side of the slot w*. An
empty tube is then to be supplied, its axle being placed in the stationary part
of the slot w, and the sliver passed around it to be wound as before, the full
lap being then removed by the attendant, to be applied to the process of
carding. In order to effect this, the loose disc a+ must be slipped from the
axle a, and then the tube b and lap of sliver, in like manner, removed.
Our first method of obtaining laps from carding engines is shewn at Sheet 4.

page_text: The principle of operation of this part of our Invention we shall first explain
by reference to the Diagrams Nos. 1, 2, and 3 of the accompanying Drawings,
and subsequently describe an arrangement of machinery by which the same
may be carried into practical effect.
In the Diagram No. 1 suppose a to be a surface capable of travelling to
and fro, that is, from the right hand to the left of the Figure, and vice versa.
Let b, 6+, represent two rollers, the centres of which are mounted in fixed
bearings, and let the red line denote the sheet of material taken from the
doffer cylinder by any usual method. If the surface a be now caused to move
in the direction of the arrow (No. 1), the end of the sheet will be carried
forward, and, as it is delivered from the doffer, be pressed downwards by
being carried against the roller b; so as to be deposited upon the surface a
until the position shall have been gained represented at No. 2. If the
surface, a be now caused to move back to its former position the sheet of
material will be brought into contact with the roller bt, and, on a continuation
of the movement, will be guided downward, and spread upon the layer pre-
viously deposited by the roller b; and thus, by successive traversing of the
surface a, a, thickness would be formed by. accumulated layers of the material.
In order, however, to gain sufficient length of such accumulated layers for
forming the required lap, we cause the surface a to travel with a slow motion
in a direction at right angles to that in which the layers are guided by the
rollers b, 6+, by which means they will be carried onward as they are deposited,
and spread upon the surface a, after the manner represented in the Diagram
No. 3, and so form a continuous length, compounded of successive folds,
which may be wound on to a roller to constitute a lap, the fibres of which are
now arranged transversely to that direction in which they came from the
carding engine.
Having thus explained the principle of action, we will proceed to point out
a practical application thereof.
Fig. 1 is a partial side elevation of a carding engine, with the improvements
applied; Fig. 2, a back view; and Fig. 3, a section of the same. The doffer
cylinder is shewn at c, c, upon the centre of which there is a toothed wheel d, d,
driving a pinion e, which, through the intermediate shewn. in the Drawing,
communicates rotary motion to a pinion f. Upon the axle of this there is a
roller 9. around which and another h there are passed endless straps i, having
ribs of wood attached thereto. The wheel d of the doffer cylinder is in gear
with a pinion j, affixed to a transverse shaft k, upon the axle of which there is
also another pinion 1, which, by means of an intermediate wheel, communicates
motion to a shaft m. The other end of the shaft is situated in the groove n, n,

page_text: "
of a sliding piece o, o, and carries a pinion which takes into the teeth of a
rack p, p, such arrangement being that of the ordinary "mangle motion;
and, as the shaft m therefore is guided by the groove n so as to bring its
pinion alternately into gear with opposite sides of the rack, a reciprocating
motion will be imparted to the piece o. The piece o is connected by means
of a rod to a carriage 9, 1, 7, which is provided with wheels running upon
rails r affixed to the flooring; and thus the carriage 7, 7, is caused to travel to
and fro in the direction of the arrows, Fig. 3. Within the carriage 4, 7, arc
mounted rollers, s, s, the peripheries of which are provided with projections
taking into the links of endless chains t, t. Upon these chains are mounted a
series of wooden ribs, which thus form an endless flexible platform. The axle
of one of the pairs of rollers s, s, is provided with a toothed wheel
, taking
into the teeth of a worm v, affixed to a shaft w, upon which there is also a
grooved pulley x. Around this is passed a band y, which, extending upwards,
runs over the periphery of a guide pulley z, and from thence is conducted
around a pulley 1, mounted upon the shaft k before mentioned. By this
arrangement rotation is communicated to the roller st, which, by its revo-
lution, imparts a travelling motion to the flexible platform t, t, t. In order to
compensate for the varying distance between the pullies x and 1, caused by the
travelling to and fro of the frame q, upon which the latter is mounted, the
guide pulley, over which the band passes, is carried by a lever 2, capable of
turning upon a fixed centre, from the other end of the lever being provided
with a weight 3. By this arrangement the guide pulley will be continually
pressed upwards, and thus cause a sufficient tension of the band, but will turn
downwards, so as to partially straighten the band, in order to provide for a
recession of the pulley. from that which drives it. The rollers for guiding
and spreading the material in the desired folds are shewn at 4, 4. They are
mounted upon axles, which turn in stationary slotted bearings, so as to be
capable of moving up and down therein; and at the sides of the travelling
frame there are affixed projecting pieces 5, 5, which arrive alternately in
contact with the under surface of their respective rollers 4, 4, so as to raise
them from the folds of material deposited upon the travelling surface. The
sheet of material is removed from the doffer cylinder by means of the ordinary
comb A. From thence it is conducted on to the delivering travelling surface i,
and by that carried forward, and deposited on to the receiving travelling sur-
face t, as shown in the Drawing. According to the position of parts exhibited
the shaft m is supposed to revolve so as to cause the carriage q to be moving
in the direction of the black arrow (Fig. 3), which motion will carry the
falling material against the periphery of the stationary roller 4*, beneath
q
D

page_text: which it will therefore be caused to pass so as to be spread upon a previously
deposited layer, the pressure of the roller 4*, by its weight, causing at the
same time a calendering action, which consolidates the fibres. A continued
revolution of the shaft m will have brought the carriage 2 into the position
shewn by dots in Fig. 3, and have caused the circular part of the groove n to
shift the said shaft, so as to bring its pinion into gear with the upper side of
the rack p, by which change of position the motion of the said rack, and con-
sequently carriage q, will be reversed, so as to move in the direction of the red
arrow, Fig. 3, and thus carry the surface of the falling material against the
periphery of the roller 4*, and spread it in the opposite direction upon the
travelling surface. It will be perceived that the rollers 4 and 4* are not
immediately adjoining each other upon the reversed motion of the carriage;
therefore the material will not immediately be brought into contact with the
latter, but will be previously delivered downwards, so as to cause a slackness
preventive of strain upon its fibre upon the coming of the roller into action.
Before this takes place also the roller will ascend one side of the fixed picce 5,
and, by rolling down the other, will fall direct upon the top of the sheet of
material, the same operation being repeated at the other side of the travelling
surface. During these motions, by which successive layers of material are
deposited, the worm v, by the means before mentioned, will cause the surface t
to move in a longitudinal direction, and thus effect the angular disposition of the
layers so as to constitute a continuous sheet, as described with reference to
the Diagram No. 3. The sheet thus formed will be carried onward, and, after
passing under a calendering roller 6, is wound into a lap at 7, so as to con-
stitute a feed for a subsequent carding operation. If desired, however, the
lap roller may be dispensed with, and the accumulated material caused to pass
entirely around the surface on which it is deposited, which, in such case, will
constitute its length. It will, then, however, be necessary to apply another
travelling surface to support the sliver when moving on the under side.
Our other improved mode of obtaining a lap from the carding engine by
successive layers is represented at. Figures 1 and 2, Sheet V., in which a is
the doffer cylinder, and 6 the comb, of the usual arrangement; beneath these
are situated an apron or other travelling surface c, c, placed upon rollers d, d,
capable of revolving in fixed bearings, which apron, it will be perceived, is
placed at an angle to the shaft of the doffer cylinder so as to take in the
whole width thereof. One of the rollers d, d, has rotatory motion communi-
cated thereto by means of a band driven by a pulley affixed to the shaft of the
doffer cylinder, which band passes over guide pullies e, and from thence
around another upon the axis of the roller d. Beneath the apron c, c, there

page_text: is another ff passing around rollers g, g, the axis of one of which is provided
with a pinion in gear with one of a like number of teeth affixed to the axis of
the roller d, so that the two aprons travel forward at a uniform speed. The sliver,
removed by the ordinary action of the comb, falls upon the surface of the tra-
velling apron c, and being thus carried forward, is sustained on the under side
by the second travelling apron f. Upon a complete revolution having been
performed, another layer of material will be deposited upon that previously
carried forward, and so on until an accumulation shall bave taken place to the
extent of the required thickness of lap, the length of which will of course he
determined by the distance apart of the rollers d, d, and g, g. Instead of
gaining the required accumulation by causing the apron c to convey the
material several times beneath the situation at which it falls from the doffer
cylinder, a similar effect may be produced by imparting a motion to the
travelling surface c inferior in speed to the delivery of the material, the
result of which will be a folding of the sliver, regulated in extent by such
retarded speed. If this modification be adopted, the lower apron f will not,
of course, be necessary, and the material may be wound upon a roller by
surface motion.
Our improvement upon the method of feeding carding engines on the
plan commonly known as Brown and Walker's, is shewn in Figures 3 and 4,
Sheet 5, the former being a partial sectional elevation, and the latter a front
view thereof. The guide for distributing the sliver, proceeding as usual from
the lap a, is shewn at b. This guide is attached to a bar c, c, which is provided
with lugs mounted so as to slide upon transverse bars d, d, and carries at its
lower end a pine projecting into the grooves of a screwed shaft f, having
threads thereon cut in opposite directions. Upon the screwed shaft there is
a pinion g driven by an intermediate, which derives rotatory motion from a
wheel mounted upon the axis of one of the taking-in rollers. The machine
being put in motion, the shaft f will therefore be caused to revolve, and by
means of one thread of its screw carry the bar c and guide 6 in one direction
along the length of the taking-in rollers, the other thread then causing it in
like manner to traverse in the opposite direction, and thus distribute the
material as desired. Instead of the screw with oppositely arranged threads,
as above described, they may be cut in one direction only, and the shaft upon
which they are formed caused to turn alternately in opposite directions by any
ordinary reversing motion, so as to effect the required traversing.
Our next improvement is shewn at Figures 4 and 5, Sheet 1. Two series
of thin pieces of metal or other material a, a, a, a, are strung upon rods b, b, b,
The
and kept at the desired distance apart by means of thimbles c, c, c.

page_text: slivers proceeding from their several laps pass through the orifices d, d, d, as
seen by the red color, and it will be perceived that they are so arranged
as to cause them to occupy positions slightly overlapping each other. The
picces a, a, are shaped to extend inwards corresponding to the curve of the
taking-in rollers e, e; and in order to guide the slivers into their respective
orifices d, d, there are applied stationary plates f.f, seen in the last-mentioned
Figure. Figures 6 and 7 represent another mode of construction by which
this part of our Invention may be carried out. In this instance the pieces a, a,
for forming the orifices to regulate the position of the slivers, are fixed to
bars b, b, in an angular direction; the material, therefore, guided by the
plates ff, will assume the relative situations shewn by the red color, and
thus the required overlapping will be effected.
Our improved method of removing slivers from condensing carding engines
is shewn at Figures 2 and 2 A, Sheet 1, the former of. which represents such
a machine in section, and the latter a portion of the same in plan view.
a, a, is the doffer cylinder formed with rings of cards as usual; in this instance,
however, there being but one such cylinder, and provided with the requisite
number of rings for removing. the whole of the material. In contact with the
surface of this cylinder are placed two strippers b, b, the upper one being
provided with rings of cards, which remove the slivers from alternate rings of
the doffer cylinder, and the lower one acting in the same manner upon those
which have not been stripped by the upper one; thus in the partial plan view
Figure 2 A, the sliver will be removed from the rings 1, 3, &c. by the upper
stripper, and those which occupy alternate positions, 2, 4, 6, &c., by the lower
stripper, from thence they. pass through the twisting straps on to the lap rollers
as usual..
Our improvement in wool-combing machines is represented at Figure 8,
Sheet 1. A portion of a combing cylinder is shewn at a, near. the periphery
of which is situate one of the usual drawing-off rollers b, with its revolving
strap c, the other is shewn at d; instead, however, of placing this immediately
adjoining the combs, we interpose a stationary, bar e, provided with a concave
surface, between which and the roller & the material is first drawn, and from
thence over the roller d. By this arrangement we are enabled to get the '
bite of the drawing-off surfaces nearer to the line of combs, and thus effect a
more perfect clearance. The situation of our improved drawing-off apparatus
will, of course, vary according to the construction of machine to which it
is applied, and motion, may be communicated to the parts by any of the
ordinary methods.
Our improvement relating to burring machinery is shewn at Figure 9,

page_text: Shect 1, which is a partial section of a burring-machine constructed on the
cylindrical saw principle. The saw cylinder is shewn at a, a, and one of the
feeding rollers at 6; instead of the other usually employed we apply a bar
with a concave surface, as at c, and by this arrangement hold the fibre at a
much shorter distance from the cylinder a, and thus facilitate the removal
of burrs by the revolving saws. We have shown this part of our improve-
ments as applied to a certain construction of machine; we do not, however,
intend to confine ourselves thereto, as the combination of roller and concave
surface may be applied to the purpose of feeding any machine designed for the
removal of burrs.
Our first improvement in slubbing or roving frames is shewn at Figures 1
and 2, Sheet 6, which are elevational and top views of a flyer upon our con-
struction. The slit a, a, is formed as usual at the upper end, but, instead of
continuing downwards in a straight line, is curved round so as to occupy a
position at the back of the leg instead of at the side, or the other direction
may be taken so as to dispose it at the front thereof.
Figure 3, Sheet 6, represents the next part of our Invention relating to
roving frames. The upper end of the flyer a, a, is provided with a projecting
part 6 which turns freely in a socket formed within a fixed rail c; the legs
extend downwards beyond the usual length, and are connected at bottom to a
flange d formed upon a collar e, which collar is mounted so as to revolve upon
a tube affixed by nuts to a stationary rail g, and is provided with a toothed
pinion h, by which rotation may be communicated. The spindle i turns at
bottom in a rail j, passes through the tube f; in which it is capable of moving
freely, and is furnished with a flange k; upon this flange the bobbin is placed
and caused to revolve therewith by means of the pin 7 after the usual manner
of such connections. It will be-perceived by the foregoing description that in
the arrangement to which this part of our Invention refers, the flyer is
detached from the spindle upon which the bobbin is mounted; in order,
therefore, to perform the copping, a rising and falling motion is to be given
to the spindle, and which arrangement is precisely that described in our former
Patent above referred to. In such previous construction, however, the collar e, e,
was caused to run upon the top surface of a bush mounted in the fixed
rail g, g, whereas by our present improvement it has a lateral bearing inde-
pendent of the spindle by revolving upon the periphery of the fixed tube f.
By this arrangement also the spindle has a more extended bearing, and thus
a greater steadiness of action is effected. The roving passes through an
orifice formed within the part 6 of the flyer, from thence down the leg thereof
as usual, and through an aperture m, formed therein, to the bobbin.
.
b
We

page_text: have shewn our improvement applied in conjunction with that arrangement
commonly called the centrifugal presser; it will be obvious, however, that if
desired, other constructions may be used, or "soft bobbins,' as they are
termed, may be made.
5 Figure 4, Sheet 6, represents a modification of this part of our improve-
ments. In this instance" the collar e is extended downwards, the lower part
thereof resting upon and turning in a bush o applied to the fixed rail g.
The spindle passes through the collar e, but the orifice for its admission is
formed sufficiently large, excepting at two points, to allow it to run therein
without contact.
Figs. 5 and 6 represent the next part of our Invention relating to roving
frames. In this instance the flyer a, a, is suspended at top in a bearing
formed upon the.fixed rail c; the lower ends of the legs thereof revolve in a
circular groove o, o, formed within a stationary rail p, as shewn in the plan
view, Fig. 6. The flyer is driven through the medium of a toothed wheel 7
mounted upon its upper part, and in gear with a wheel r intermediately situated
between two spindles, the central wheel deriving rotary motion from any
suitable part of the machine. The spindle i, i, in this instance does not
revolve, but is fixed by a screw nut to the rail s, and, after passing through a
bush in another rail t, carries loosely the bobbin braid u provided with a bevel
wheel to be driven in any usual manner.
The rails 's and t have the necessary.
copping motion imparted to them, and will therefore raise and lower the.
bobbin after the ordinary manner. We have mentioned this arrangement of
bobbin and spindle as one by which the required movements may be obtained,.
but such contrivance forms no part of our Invention, and may be varied in
many ways. Instead of the groove for the legs of the flyer to revolve in, a
circular orifice may be formed within the rail p, p, against the periphery.
of which the legs of the flyer may revolve, and thus be prevented from flying.
out by centrifugal action.
:
Our next improvement in roving frames we shall illustrate by reference to
Figs. 7 and 8, Sheet 6, which, are two horizontal sections of a bobbin and
double presser flyer. According to the usual method of winding on the rovings,
the flyer and bobbin are caused to revolve in the direction of the black..
arrows, Fig. 7, the former moving at a rate above that of the latter, or, as it
is technically termed, "leading." According to our present improvement we so
modify the relative motions of the bobbin and pressers that the roving at that.
part where it reaches the bobbin shall recede from the point at which it is.
delivered; this we can accomplish in two ways. According to our first method>
we reverse the angles of direction of the pressers, as shewn at Fig. 8, and

page_text: pressers.
cause them and the bobbin to rotate in the same direction as usual, and
explained with reference to Fig. 7, but instead of imparting to the pressers a
superior rate of revolution so as to affect the "lead," we drive the bobbin at
the greater velocity, thereby causing it to keep in advance of the
In order to effect this object by another method, we retain the ordinary
arrangement of pressers, but reverse their rotation so as to cause them to
revolve in the direction of the red arrows, Fig. 7, the bobbin also moving
in the same direction, but, in this case, as in the former, revolving at the
necessary velocity for taking the lead.
The next part of our Invention, (viz¹) an improvement upon our roving
and slubbing frame, "tubes," or "collars," for which Letters Patent were
granted to us as aforesaid, is shewn in Fig. 9, Sheet. 6. In our former method
of constructing these, the tube a, a, was chambered out so to be of two
diameters, the spindle being caused to revolve against projecting parts;
according to our present improvement we construct the tubes of the same
internal diameter throughout their length, as shewn in the Figure.
Our other improvement upon our patent tubes or collars is shewn at Fig. 10,
Sheet 6.
The spindle is represented at 6, b, and, instead of being formed
parallel, is of diminished diameter at its upper part 6+, 6+, and has its support
in the tube or collar at c, c. The other arrangements of this apparatus are
those described in the Specification of our Patent aforesaid, and will not,
therefore, require an explanation here.
Our first-mentioned improvement in creels is shewn in the Figure of
Sheet 7. The bobbins are mounted upon the usual skewers, and in the
ordinary manner; but, instead of arranging the back row in a line one under
the other, as is ordinarily practised, we place one tier either in back or front
of the centre line of the others, as shewn at A, whereby we are enabled to
bring those represented at B, C, nearer than usual towards each other, and
thus effect a decrease in the height of the creel.
Our next improvement in creels is shewn at Figs. 1 and 2, Sheet S, the
former of which represents a tube a, a, of tin or other thin metal, closed at
top, and provided at bottom with a flange b. This tube is to be placed within
the bore of the bobbin, and then slipped on to a stationary pin c attached to.
the required part of the framework of the creel, as shewn in the section of a
bobbin so mounted at Fig. 2. The bobbin thus rests upon the flange b of the
tube a, which is suspended upon the upper end of the pin c. By this arrange-
ment we dispense with the top rail, necessary when the ordinary skewers are
used, and attain a mounting productive of but little friction...
.
Our third improvement in creels is shewn at Figs. 3 and 4, Sheet 8. A

page_text: transverse row of bobbins is represented at d, d, d, d, mounted one behind the
other upon a plate e, e, instead of extending upwards, as usual; and, in order
to keep the several ends from running in contact with their continuous,
bobbins, we apply a series of guide rods e, e, e. We have shewn this part of
5 our improvements in conjunction with that last described; they are not,
however, necessarily so combined, as the bobbins may, if desired, be
mounted upon skewers in the ordinary manner, in which case a top rail will
be necessary.
Our improvements relating to card-making machines is shewn in the.
several Figures of Sheet 9; and although the mechanical arrangement, the
application of which constitutes this part of our Invention, is well known as
applied to certain other machines, we will, in order that the same may be
clearly pointed out, in the first place describe this separately, and subsequently
a mode of applying it to our present purpose. In Fig. 1, Sheet 9, a, a, repre-
sents a wheel provided with a series of radial slots b, b, b, the parts between
each of which are formed as portions of circles corresponding to the periphery
of a disc c, c, which revolves in contact therewith. The disc. c, c, carries a
projecting arm, to which a pin d is attached; and there is also a recess e
formed therein, for the purpose of allowing the projections which form the
slots b, b, b, to revolve within the disc c. On rotatory motion being communi-
cated to the shaft f the pin d will be carried into one of the slots b, b, b, of the.
wheel a, and bearing against the sides thereof will. cause the said wheel to
turn upon its centre until it shall have moved so far as to have passed beyond
the action of the pin d; the disc c will then (continuing to revolve) move in
contact with the concave part between two of the slots'b, b; but as the
tendency which such revolution possesses to turn the wheel a by friction of
contact in one direction is counterbalanced by a like tendency to turn it in the
other, the wheel a will be locked in this position until the pin d. shall have
revolved sufficiently far to have passed into that one of the slots 6 which now
occupies the place of that previously acted upon, when the like operation will.
take place. Whenever, therefore, the pin d is not in action, the wheel a will.
remain in a fixed position, and it is thus we obtain the occasional motion.
requisite for changing the position of the working parts of card-making
machines.
Having thus explained our method of gaining the desired intermittent
movement, we will proceed to describe the Figs. 2 and 3, which represent its
application to a card-making machine of that construction usually called a
"sheet machine," in which we will suppose the working parts to be moved.by.
the action of a screw. The main shaft, provided with the necessary driving

page_text: pullies, is shewn at g,g. Upon this are mounted loosely two spur wheels h, i,
provided with clutch boxes j, k, capable of being locked alternately to a clutch
7 sliding upon a feather on the shaft g. Upon a short shaft m are fixed two
wheels n, o, the former being in gear with that shewn at h. The pinions i, o,
aro in
gear with an intermediate pinion p, mounted upon à stud affixed to the
framework. The clutch box l'is embraced by a fork-shaped lever q turning on
a centre at r, and provided at its lower end with a slot, in which is situate a
double incline piece s formed upon a lever t, attached to a rod and capable
of rocking in centres. To this rod there is affixed a projecting piece i, which
at stated times is acted upon by the revolution of a wiper v sliding upon, but
revolving with, the main shaft g, g, whereby the rod becomes turned partially
upon its centre, carrying with it the lever t, and thus, through the agency of
the double-inclined piece s, causing the fork to vibrate and slide. the clutch
box into gear with one or other of the clutches j, k. To the wheel i are
affixed the pin d and circular disc.c; for giving motion to and locking the star
wheel, which is shown at a, mounted upon the ordinary screw.shaft w
employed. for traversing the various parts of the card-making machine. . The
operation is as follows:-According to the position shewn in the Drawing, the
clutch box has locked the clutch k so as to cause the pinion i to revolve with
the main shaft; the pin d, therefore, will cause the intermittent revolution of
the star wheel a, as described in reférence to Fig. 1, and thus the necessary
occasional motion will be imparted to the screw shaft w; and through it to the
various.ordinary parts of the machine. The motion we will suppose to be in
the direction of the arrow, Fig. 1. At the next revolution of the shaft g the
screw to will have brought the wiper within range of the piece u, which being
then struck, will, by the means. before mentioned, turn the lever 7 upon its
centre, so as to shift the clutch box out of the clutch, and into that shewn
at j.. By this movement the pinion h will now be caused to revolve with the
main shaft, and the pinion i allowed to run loosely thereon. This change will
effect the revolution of the pinions n and o, the latter of which will now,
through the medium of the intermediate p, communicate rotary motion to the
pinion i, causing it to revolve upon the shaft y in the opposite direction to that
which it followed when driven direct by the clutch box 1; and then the star
wheel a will continue its intermittent inotion, but in a reversed direction, so as
to effect a like change in the rotation of the traversing screw. w. It will be
understood that this reversing of the motion is to take place likewise when the
working parts shall have returned to the other end of the machine, a projecting
part, similar to that shewn at u,.being there, also affixed to the rod, to.be
operated upon by a wiper on the opposite side of the travelling frameiWe

page_text: have shewn and described a certain method of combining our improvements
with other parts; it will be evident, however, that other methods may be
adopted, according to the construction of card-making machine employed for
the production of sheet or fillet cards.
.Our improved, boring machine is shown in the several. Figures of, Sheet 10,
Fig. 1. being a longitudinal view; Fig. 2, a cross section taken about.
the line a, b, looking towards the right hand of Fig. 1. The driving shaft-
is at a, a, upon which there is, affixed a worm b, taking into the teeth of
a worm wheel c. This wheel is mounted upon a shaft d, and, carries at its
other end a spur wheel e, which, through the intervention of another, f, imparts
rotary motion to a longitudinal shaft g.. Upon the shaft are mounted two
worms h, h, driving, worm wheels i, i, each one being affixed to a shaft j, j..
This shaft is provided with, pinions k, %, which take, into racks 1, 1, affixed to
theunder. side of two headstocks m, m, capable of sliding upon V-guides.
formed upon the framework. The headstocks m, m, are constructed. so as to
carry a series of boring tools m*,. m, m*, and when moved forward by the
rack motion described, are therefore capable of causing a like number of tubes
or collars to be operated upon at the same time and at both ends.. Upon the
main shaft a there is mounted a pinion o, taking into a wheel p, aflixed to a
short shaft q, turning in, bearings, formed upon a'. stationary headstock r, and
upon that shaft are mounted a series of screw wheels taking into a like
number of screw wheels's,'s, which are each formed upon spindles t, t, capable
of revolving in the stationary headstock. On either side of the stationary
headstock is affixed a rest u, u,, which is mounted upon the bed of the machine
so as to be capable of sliding thereon, but of being fixed in any desired situa-
tion by means of tightening bolts v, v. The upper part of these rests carry a
bar w, w, (seen in the detached view of one of the rests, Fig. 3,) which is.
jointed at one end so as to turn upwards upon a centre pin, but confined in the
position shewn: in the Drawing, by a bolt a.. Within the bar. w are formed
mortices, into which are placed bushes y,y, and confined therein by set screws,
these bushes being provided with apertures through which the series of drills
m, m, m, attached to the moveable headstocks m, m, pass, and thus
become guided so as to be steadied during the operation of boring. The tubes.
or collars. to be,operated upon, shewn at z, z, z, are passed through a series of
chucks P, B; screwed into a similar number of the spindles t. These chucks
may be of any ordinary construction. The arrangement, however, which we
employ, will be: understood by referring to the enlarged views, Figs. 4 and 5.1
Aring of metal-1, 1, is mounted upon a conical-shaped piece 2, 2, and confined:
in that position by means of anplate 3, 3,..and screws 4, 4, but is capable of

page_text: moving thereon. Upon the piece 2, 2, is formed the screw for uniting the
chuck to the spindle t, and through it, and also the plate 3, there is an aper
ture for the passage of the tube or collar to be bored. The interior periphery
of the ring 1 is provided with two projecting parts 4, 4, formed excentric to
their centre of motion, and situate in a recess formed between the plate 3 and
comical piece 2. These excentric parts bear against the ends of two jaws 6, 6,
which are mounted so as to be capable of sliding in guides formed within the
piece 2. Upon turning, therefore, the ring 1, the excentric projections will
force in the jaws, and confine the tube, as shewn in Fig. 4; or a motion in the
other direction will bring recesses 7, 7, opposite to the ends of the jaws, and
allow them to separate for the removal of the tube. The plate 3, 3, is pro-
vided with a circular slot 8, 8, through which a screw 9 passes into the piece 2;
by tightening this, therefore, the projections 4, 4, and consequently jaws 6, 6,
are confined in any desired position. Thus it will be perceived that the tube
or collar to be bored is held firmly by the sliding jaws 6, 6, and from thence
passes through the screw and spindle t to the other side of the stationary
headstock, where it is in like manner secured by another such chuck. The
machine being put in motion, the series of spindles t, t, will be caused to
revolve, carrying with them the tubes or collars to be bored; at the same
time the headstocks m, m, will be moved forward by means of the racks and
pinions 1, k, so as to advance the cutting tools m*, and effect the required
operation. The wheels i, i, which drive the shafts j, j, are connected thereto
by means of ordinary clutch boxes, which may be shifted through the medium
of levers q, q, so as to cause the wheels i, i, to be disengaged from the
driving power; the shafts j, j, may then be turned by means of winch handles,
so as to withdraw the tools m, m, from the. bored tube or collar. This
operation it will be necessary to effect, first (when boring from both ends
simultaneously), on one side of the stationary headstock 7, 2. The other
moveable headstock m still continues to advance, so as to effect the perfect
boring. We have hitherto supposed the operation to be simultaneously per-
formed at each end; if desired, however, one end may be first bored, and the
other headstock advanced to complete the operation.
:
Our machine for cutting the slots or cap bars is shewn in Sheet 11 of the
accompanying Drawings, Fig. 1 being an end elevation thereof, and Fig. 2 a
front view. a, a, a, is the framework of the machine, and b, b, b, the driving
pullies, upon the shaft of which is mounted a bevil wheel c, taking into a
pinion d, through which an upright shafte is capable of sliding, but causing
it to revolve therewith by means of a slot and feather. The shafte has a
bearing in the upper part of the framework, and runs at its. lower end in a

page_text: bracket f, which extends from a bar g, provided with V-shaped pieces which
slide in guides h, h. Upon the shaft e is placed a worm i, so as to be capable
of sliding thereon, but of revolving therewith by a slot and feather connection.
This worm is in gear with a wheel j, mounted upon a cross shaft, to which is
also affixed a spur pinion k, taking into the tecth of a rack 7 formed upon
the bar g, so that by the revolution of the shaft e (in one direction) the said
bar is caused to descend. To the boss of the worm i is attached a collar m,
and at either side thereof is affixed an upright arm n, which arms are con-
nected at top to an annular piece o, through which the shafte freely passes.
Upon this annular piece is formed a projecting part p, beneath which there is
a bolt q, so as to retain it in the situation shewn, and consequently keep the
worm i in a position for driving the pinions; and k. The bolt, however, is
jointed to one end of a bell-crank lever 1, 2, and is capable of being with-
drawn by turning such lever upon its centre, so as to allow the annular piece
to fall, and consequently permit the worm i to slide upon the shaft e, and
thus be out of gear with the pinion j. To the annular piece o is also con-
nected one end of a lever s capable of turning upon a centre at t, and of being
caused so to move by means of a hand lever and connecting rod v. At the
lower end of the shaft e is mounted a bevil pinion w taking into another, upon
the axle of which is a spur pinion a, situate within a jaw of the sliding bar g.
The pinion x, through the medium of an intermediate, communicates motion to
a spindle 1, connected by gear to another 1, turning in bearings formed in
the bar 9; and upon these spindles the series of cutters 2, 2, 2, 2, for ope-
rating upon the cap bars are mounted. The cutters are of two diameters, the
larger being provided with teeth upon their circumference, and also upon
their sides, for the purpose of operating upon those surfaces of the slots
denoted by 3, 3, 3, 3, in Fig. 3, which is top view of part of an ordinary
cap bar for carrying the top rollers of a roving frame. The smaller are con-
structed so as to act upon those surfaces represented at 4, 4; 4, 4; they may
be formed separately, and secured on to the spindles in any required number,
or the whole may be formed in one piece, if desired. Upon the stationary.
framework are formed V-shaped guides 5, 5, upon which is placed a sliding
table 6, to the centre part whereof is affixed a screw socket 7 connected to a
screwed shaft 8, upon one end of which is mounted a toothed wheel 9 taking
into a pinion 10, the axis of which is provided with a bevil pinion 11, driven
by the intervention of a shaft 12 and winch bandle 13, by which arrangement
the screwed shaft may be caused to revolve, and thereby slide the table 6
the V guides 5, 5. The axle of the winch handle 13 is provided with. an
ordinary dividing plate, so as to determine exactly the distance to which the
upon

page_text: table is caused to traverse. The cap bar to be cut is placed upon a block 14
affixed to the table 6, and secured in the position shewn at C in the Draw-
ings, by means of clamps or other convenient means. The winch handle 13
is then turned so as to bring the surfaces to be cut under their respective
cutters, which will then be situate as seen in the partial plan or top view,
Fig. 4. Rotary motion being now communicated to the machine, the shaft
cwill be caused to revolve, and through the intervention of the worm i and
pinions ; and, cause the sliding bar g to descend, so as to carry down the
cutters 2 into contact with the surfaces to be cut, at the same time the
pinion w, through the medium of the train shewn and described, will cause
the cutters to rotate, and thus effect the required opération. This having been
accomplished a projecting pin 15, affixed to the sliding bar g, will have arrived
in contact with the end of the bell-crank lever, and, by causing it to turn
upon its centre of motion, will withdraw the bolt q from under the piece p.
The worm being then no longer held in its working position, will run down-
ward upon the shaft e, so as to be out of gear with the wheel j, and thus the
further descent of the bar g and cutters 2, 2, 2, will be prevented, and they
will be free to be carried up into their former position by a counterbalance
weight 17 attached to a lever 18, the other end of which projects into a slot
formed in the bar g. The winch handle 13 is now to he turned, so as to
cause the table 6 to move onward through a distance equal to a space between
the slots now cut and those next to be. operated upon, the precise adjustnient
of this position being determined by a perforation of the dividing plate
attached to the shaft 12. This change having been accomplished, the attendant
will depress the outward end of the lever u, thereby raising the annular piece
o, and with it the worm i, which being thus brought into gear with its wheel j,
is retained in that position by turning the bell-crank lever 1, 2, upon its
centre, so as to project the bolt q under the piece p. The bar g and series of
cutters 2, 2, 2, will then again descend and accomplish the cutting of another
set of slots.
In the Drawings we have shewn an arrangement suitable for cutting cap
bars, which are provided with four roller slots. It will be obvious, however,
that, if desired, more or less may be operated upon by employing a suitable
number of cutters. Instead, also, of employing them in two series, one only
may be used, so as to cut the slots singly, or they may be of sufficiently large
diameter to operate upon slots corresponding to both ends of one set of rollers,
as at A, A, A, A, B, B, B, B.
".
Having thus described and ascertained 'the nature of our said Invention;
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, we claim,

page_text: Firstly, with reference to the devil or teazer, winding the wool into a
lap, with intervening layers of cloth, after it has been operated upon by the
machine..
Secondly, in the scribbling or first-carding engine. Firstly, feeding such
machines by two or more laps of wool wound with intervening folds of cloth;
secondly, the application of. a roller to the surface of the taker-in, for the pur-
pose above set forth; and also we claim the application of this part of our
improvements to other carding engines than those usually denominated
"scribblers;" thirdly, removing the wool from the doffer cylinder by the
action of revolving rollers; fourthly, the application of a roller to the surface
of the doffer cylinder, for the purpose above described.
Thirdly, in preparing laps. Firstly, in the arrangement of machinery
described in reference to the Figures of Sheet 3, the method of disengaging
the lap when wound of the required length; secondly, the production of a lap
by causing the material to assume the form of successive folds partly over-
lapping each other; thirdly, by causing the material to fall upon a travelling
surface placed at an angle to the axis of the doffer cylinder.
Fourthly, in the second-carding engine. Firstly, the application of a screw
or screws for giving motion to the conductor of that machine known as
"Brown and Walker's Feeder;". secondly, causing narrow laps, which consti-
tute a feed, to overlap each other at their edges as they pass into the carding
machine; thirdly, removing the material from "condensing carding engines'
by means of one doffer cylinder only, with rings of cards thereon, in combina-
tion with two or more stripper rollers..
"
Fifthly, in combing machines, removing the material from the combs by
means of a combination of concave surface or surfaces, and a roller or rollers..
Sixthly, in burring machines, the application of a combination of concave
surface or surfaces and roller or rollers, for renioving the burrs.
Seventhly, in slubbing or roving frames. Firstly, forming the slit in the
leg of the flyer at the back or at the front thereof; secondly, in reference to
that principle of arrangement shewn at Figs. 3 and 4, Sheet 6, causing the
flyer to revolve upon or within a fixed tube or socket; thirdly, causing the
lower end of the flyer legs to revolve in a slot or circular opening; fourthly,
so regulating the motions of the bobbin and flyer in double-pressure arrange-
ments, that that part of the periphery of the former which receives the mate-
rial shall, in its revolution, recede from the point at which the roving is deli-
vered from the flyer; fifthly, constructing our patent tubes or collars aforesaid
of equal internal diameter throughout the length, and also constructing them
suitably for receiving spindles of decreased diameter at their upper ends;

page_text: sixthly, the arrangement of crecl, described with reference to Sheet 7;
seventhly, arranging the bobbins for supplying a roving or intermediate
machine in series, the one behind the other; eighthly, suspending the creeled
bobbins of roving or intermediate machines upon stationary pins.
Eighthly, in card-making machines, the application of the star wheel inter-
mittent motion described.
Ninthly, in boring machines, an arrangement by which two or more tubes
or collars may be operated upon simultaneously at both ends, or at each end
alternately, without requiring an alteration of adjustment.
Tenthly, in cutting "cap bars," the employment of a rotary cutter or series
of cutters.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Mason, have hereunto set my hand
Enrolled the Twelfth day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-one.

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
MASON, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker, and
GEORGE COLLIER, of Halifax, in the County of York, Manager, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twelfth day of December, in the fourteenth year of Her reign,
and in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and 'fifty, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said John
Mason and George Collier, Her especial license, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that we, the said John Mason and George Collier, our exors,
adfors, and assigns, and such others as we, the said John Mason and
George Collier, our exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term
of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exer-
cise, and vend, within England and Wales and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, our Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING COTTON AND
OTHER TEXTILE MATERIALS FOR SPINNING, AND IN TOOLS OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING
CARDS AND OTHER PARTS OF SUCH PREPARING MACHINERY, AND IN ENGINES FOR GIVING
MOTION TO THE SAME, WHICH ENGINES ARE ALSO APPLICABLE IN OTHER CASES WHERE
MOTIVE POWER IS REQUIRED;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a
proviso that we, the said John Mason and George Collier, or one of us, shall
cause a particular description of the nature of our said Invention, and in
A

page_text: what manner the same is to be performed, to be enrolled in Her Majesty
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediatel
after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by th
same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the sai
John Mason, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly described and
ascertained in and by the Drawings hereto annexed, and the following expla
nation thereof, that is to say :-
Our improvements relate,-
Firstly, to the devil or teazer, and consist in arranging the wool into the
form of a lap, instead of removing it in an irregular state, as is usually
practised.
Secondly, to the scribbler or first carding engine; this division of our
improvements consisting, firstly, in feeding such machines by two or more laps
of wool wound with intervening folds of cloth, the combined width of such laps
constituting the requisite width of feed; secondly, the application of a roller
provided with cards upon its periphery to the surface of the "taker in," for
the purpose of removing and transferring to the main carding cylinder such of
the material as may have failed in being duly delivered to the machine, this
part of our improvements being also applicable to other carding engines;
thirdly, the application of rollers for removing the wool from the doffer
cylinder; fourthly, the application of a roller placed in contact with the
periphery of the doffer cylinder, for the purpose of condensing and smoothing
the material previously to its being doffed.
Thirdly, to preparing laps for feeding a subsequently used carding engine;
and, firstly, under such division, in an arrangement of apparatus applicable to
winding a sliver into a narrow lap; secondly, in the production of a broad
lap of any desired thickness or length, formed by successive layers of material
proceeding from a carding engine; the peculiar feature of this part of our
Invention consisting in depositing the material in folds transversely upon a
travelling surface, by which movements such folds are continually carried
forward so as to assume a zigzag disposition, the one only partly overlapping
the other, and so constituting a continuous length ready for being applied to
the next machine; thirdly, in another mode of producing a broad lap; the
principle of this method consisting in the employment of a travelling surface
for receiving the material placed at an angle to the axis of the doffer cylinder
so as to take in the whole width thereof, the requisite thickness of material
being obtained either by repeated revolutions of the said travelling surface, or

page_text: by causing it to move at a rate inferior to the delivery of the material from
the doffer, and thus generate an accumulation upon its surface.
Fourthly, to the second carding engine. Our Invention under this
division, consists, firstly, in an improved method of giving motion to the
distributing tube of that apparatus known as "Brown and Walker's Feeder,"
our improvement consisting in the application of a screw motion for effecting
the necessary travelling; secondly, in the application of guides, through
which a series of narrow laps, constituting the feed, pass, such guides being so
arranged that the said laps, upon entering the carding engine, shall slightly
overlap each other, our object being to compensate for a diminished thickness
which usually exists at the edges; thirdly, in the application of one doffer
cylinder, with rings of cards, to condensing carding engines, instead of two, as
usually practised, the slivers being removed from such doffer through the
agency of two or more stripper rollers, each one acting upon alternate rings
of cards.
Fifthly, to the wool-combing machine; this division of our improvements
consisting in the application of a roller or rollers, and concave surface or
surfaces, for the purpose of drawing the wool from the combs, instead of the
pair of rollers usually employed.
of
Sixthly, to the burring machine; this division consisting in the application
of a roller or rollers and concave surface or surfaces for the purpose,
removing "burrs."
Seventhly, to the slubbing or roving frame, under which division our
improvements consist, firstly, in forming the slit which usually traverses the leg
or legs of flyers of such machines at the back or at the front thereof, instead of
at the side, as usually practised; secondly, in an improvement upon part of
our Invention, for which Letters Patent were granted to us, bearing date the
Twenty-sixth day of March, One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine; our
present improvement, refers to that construction of slubbing or roving appa-
ratus in which the flyer is detached from the spindle, and has an independent
motion communicated thereto, and consists in effecting a greater steadiness of
action, and rendering it independent of the spindle by the employment of a
fixed tube upon or within which, its lower part revolves; thirdly, in a method
of steadying flyers, by, causing the lower ends of the legs to run in circular
grooves, or in contact with the internal periphery of a circular aperture;
fourthly,, in so arranging the relative, motions of the flyers and.bobbins, where
double pressers are used, that the roving or slubbing end, at that point where
it reaches, the, bobbin, shall travel in a direction from the point receiving from
that at which it is delivered from the flyer, so that upon a breakage taking

page_text: place the bobbin in itself must possess a winding tendency, and thus prevent
an uncoiling of the material, now productive of much waste. This improve-
ment we effect in two ways: firstly, by reversing the angle of direction of
the pressers, and causing the bobbin to revolve at a greater rate than the flyer,
and thus take, as is usually termed, "the lead," the direction of revolution.
being the same as that now usually practised; and secondly, (which is the
same thing in effect,) by using the pressers as commonly mounted, and revers-
ing the direction of their rotation, and also that of the bobbin, but still impart-
ing to the bobbin the necessary velocity for taking the "lead." Fifthly, under
this division, our Invention consists in two improvements upon our tubes or
collars for supporting the spindles, for which Letters Patent were granted to
us, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of March, One thousand eight hundred
and forty-nine. The first consists in forming the interior of such tubes or
collars of uniform diameter, and the second in forming such collars suitable
for using spindles of decreasing diameter towards their upper ends; sixthly,
in three arrangements of creel for the purpose of mounting the bobbins lower
than is usually practised, and for facilitating their removal.
Eighthly, to the card-making machine. This division of our improvements
consists in the application of a novel arrangement of parts for effecting the
occasional travelling of the. working parts of the machine.
Ninthly, to a boring machine; the novelty of this part of our Invention
consisting in operating upon two or more of our patent collars, as aforesaid, at
each end thereof, without removing the same from the machine.
Tenthly, to cutting "cap bars;" this division of our improvements consisting
in the employment of a rotatory cutter or cutters acting upon the slots desired
to be shaped.
Our improved arrangement of "devil" or "teazer" is shewn in the sectional
view, Fig. 1, Sheet 1. Instead of the wool being delivered from the doffer a
into the floor of the machine, we cause it to be received between two revolving
rollers b, b, the one plain and the other fluted. From thence it passes on to
an endless travelling apron c; c, which delivers in to another d, d. Beneath
the latter is placed a roller e, upon which is wound linen or other cloth in a
continuous length. The end of this cloth is conducted to the upper surface of
the travelling apron d, and from thence to a lap roller f. The material under
operation, therefore, will be delivered on to the cloth, and wound with it in
successive distinct folds upon the lap roller f.. Above the surface of the apron
press down and equalize the
c, we place a revolving cylinder g, in order to
material as it passes onward to the lap roller. If the wool be teazed in a dry
state, this cylinder may be of perforated metal or other material, or of wire

page_text: gauze enclosed within a casing, and connected with an exhausting apparatus,
for the purpose of withdrawing dust, as is well understood; and for the purpose
of preventing the material from passing upwards from the apron c, we apply
a revolving roller, as shewn at h. If the material be in a wet state, then the
exhausting apparatus may be dispensed with, and the cylinder 9 provided with
a plain periphery. The lap roller f may be driven by contact with the surface
of the apron d, or by other surface motion, as desired.. The machine employed
may be of such dimensions as to produce one lap suitable for constituting an
entire feed at the carding engine, or may be constructed so as to form one of
narrow dimensions, a sufficient number being employed to make up. the
required width.
Our next improvement is shewn at Figs. 1 and 2, Sheet 2. a, a, are two laps
of wool wound with intervening layers of cloth, as described with reference to
our "teazer" represented at Sheet 1, or proceeding, from. any other. machine,
by which they may be produced in that disposition. Each of these laps is of
a width equivalent to one half of the necessary feed; they are mounted in
suitable framework, and unlapped by means of the surface rollers b, b, or by
The material and the intervening cloths are
any other ordinary method.
conducted over a roller c, at which point they become separated, the former
passing into the carding engine, and the latter falling downwards to be con-
ducted on to rollers placed in any convenient situation, or allowed to fall upon
the floor or into a receptacle provided for the purpose. We have mentioned
but two laps as used to constitute the width of feed; but, if desired, more
may be employed.
. Fig. 2, Sheet 1, represents an application of our next improvement. At the
upper surface of the "licker in," we apply a roller, as at a, which, being covered
with cards in the usual manner, and caused to revolve in the direction of the
arrow, will remove any of the material which may not have passed into the
machine, and by delivering it to an additional roller b, also covered with cards,
cause it to be transferred to the main carding cylinders..
Figure 3, Sheet 1, represents the doffer cylinder of a wool first-carding
engine, with our improved mode of removing the material. therefrom by means
of rollers. A roller with a plain surface is applied to the periphery of the
doffer, as at a; and beneath this, but apart. from the doffer; is, a fluted roller
5 b; between these two the material is conducted, and they being caused to
revolve by any suitable arrangement of mechanism, will effect the desired
removal. The speed of the rollers a, b, will depend in some manner upon the
nature of the material under operation, but as a general rule their surfaces
should revolve at a rate above that of the doffer cylinder.

page_text: Our next improvement is shewn at Fig. 2, Sheet 1. Beneath and in contac
with the surface of the doffer cylinder we apply a roller c, provided with a
plain periphery; this roller, being caused to revolve by friction of contact, or
by any other suitable arrangement, will press upon tlie material carried
forward by the doffer, and, by consolidating it upon the cards thereof, tend to
equalize the thickness of the sliver, so as to effect their moré perfect removal:
We have shewn this roller applied to our improved arrangement of condenser
with one doffer cylinder; if desired, however, it may be applied to other con-
structions of carding engine.
Our arrangement of apparatus for winding a sheet of sliver into narrow laps is
shewn in the Figs. of Sheet 3; and, for the sake of explaining the operation of the
machine, we will first describe separately the construction and arrangement of
surface upon which the sliver is to be wound, and subsequently its application to
the improved winding machinery. Fig. 1 is a longitudinal view, partly in sec-
tion, of the parts which receive the sliver, as wound; and Fig. 2 is a cross section
of the same. Upon an axle a, a, there is placed a tube b; b, such tube being
provided with a rib which projects into a longitudinal slit. To one end of the
axle a is affixed a disc d, d, and at the other there is a similar one 'd*, the
latter, however, being mounted loosely, so as to be capable of being removed
at pleasure in order to admit of the withdrawal of the tube b. The two discs
d, d*, are thus kept a certain distance apart, that which is mounted loosely
being prevented from sliding off the axle a by a boss which bears against
a portion of the frainework, or by a pin passing through it and the axle.
...
Fig. 8 is a representation in front elevation of the improved winding
machine, shewing a portion of a carding engine with the sliver proceeding
therefrom; and Fig. 4 is an end view of the same. The doffer cylinder is
shewn at e, e, upon the axle of which is mounted a toothed rim f, taking into a
pinion g mounted upon a shaft h, which shaft, through the intervention of the train
of wheels i, i, i, i, communicates rotary motion to a pulley j, which drives, by
means of a strap, the larger pulley k. Upon the axle of the latter there is
a toothed pinion l, taking into a wheel 'm, which is also in gear with another ny
the latter being mounted upon an axle o. Upon this axle there is affixed a
groove cam p, within which is placed a pin q, projecting from the lever r.
This lever is capable of moving upon a centre s, and is therefore, by the action
of the rotary cam p, caused to vibrate thereon. The upper part of the S
lever r is provided with a slot, within which is situate a 'stud t, 'formed upon
boss which runs loosely upon a shaft u in the direction of the length thereof.
To the boss of the stud t is also connected a guide v, v, which at its upper
end is provided with an aperture through which the sliver passes, as herein-
a

page_text: after to be described. The vibration of the lever r will, therefore, 'cause the
stud t, and guide v, to move to and fro upon the shaft u, and consequently
impart a like traversing motion to the sliver of wool. The axle a of the
tube b, upon which the sliver. is intended to be wound, is placed within a
slot w, w, formed at each side of the framework of the machine, and is
caused to revolve by means of a friction drum x, mounted upon the axle z,
which, by running in contact therewith, or with the surface of the material
thereon, effects the necessary winding. A part of the framework w✶, consti-
tuting at each side of the machine one boundary of the slot w, w, is detached
from the other portions thereof, and is mounted so as to be capable of turning
downwards loosely upon the shaft z, until it shall have arrived in contact with
stop pieces y, y, which are supported by spiral springs y+, y. To the lower
end of this detached or independent portion is affixed a cord 1, 1, 1, 1, which,
after passing over guide pulleys, is weighted so as to counterbalance that
part of the framework marked w*, w, which is thus capable of being drawn
from a depressed position to that shown in the Drawing, in which situation it
is held during the progress of winding by means of a hooked catch 2. This
hooked catch is mounted upon a centre pin 3, and its other extremity is con-
nected to a pendant rod 4, the lower part thereof being attached to a lever 5,
which is capable of turning upon a stud affixed to the framework of the
machine; and, in order to keep the catch 2 in this position, one end of a
spiral spring 6 is attached thereto, and the other affixed to a stationary part
of the machine. Upon the axle o is affixed a toothed pinion 7, -taking into
the teeth of a wheel 8, the axle of which is provided with a pinion, which com
municates rotary motion to an intermediate pinion 9, which drives a wheel 10,
mounted loosely upon the shaft z. Upon the face of the wheel 10 is attached
a stud 11, which at each revolution arrives in contact with a piece 12, pro-
jecting inwards from a spring, to which a bell A is attached. The arrange-
ment of wheelwork is so calculated that this contact shall take place when-
ever the desired quantity of material shall have been wound-upon the tube b,
and the attention of the attendant will thereby be called to the removal of the
"lap." There is also another stud upon the face of the wheel 10, as at 18.
This, however, is on the opposite or inside of the wheel, the Drawing-shewing
the nut which secures it. At each revolution of the wheel 10 the stud 18 will
5 arrive in contact with the lever .5, thereby causing it to turn upon its
centre, so as to draw down the rod 4, and lift the hooked catch 2 from its
hold upon the moveable portion of the framework, so as allow that part
to be brought down on to the stop pieces y. The shaft u, upon which the

page_text: boss of the guidev is mounted, is free to turn in the bearings which suppor
it. Although, therefore, the said boss and shaft are connected by means of a
"feather," the guide v is at liberty to rise and fall as may be desired. Such
notion will consequently carry with it a notched piece 14 (which is affixed to
the shaft) until it shall have arrived in contact with a stop piece 15, at which
time the descent of the guide will be arrested. The operation of the
machine is as follows:-According to the position of the parts shewn in the
Drawing the winding of the lap is nearly completed. At the commencement,
however, of such process the lower surface of the tube 6 will rest upon the drum a
and the guide v have fallen by reason of its own gravity, so as to be in contact
with the upper surface of the said tube. The material doffed by the comb in
the usual manner is supported by conical drums 20, 20, which serve (in place
of an endless cloth) to keep it from falling. It is then conveyed through the
revolving tube 16, and having passed between rollers 17, 17, is carried over
the arm 18, through the eye of the guide v, to the tube b. The machine
being then put in motion, the drum a will be caused to revolve, and impart a
like motion to the tube b, so as to wind the material thereon as it proceeds
from the carding engine, during which operation the revolution of the grooved
camp will cause the lever r to vibrate upon its centre, thereby traversing the
guide upon the shaft u, so as to effect a distribution of the sliver in the
direction of the length of the tube 6. As the lap increases in diameter the
axle of the tube 6 will rise in the slot w, and the material become consolidated
by the presser guide v and its weight against the surface of the revolving
drum. The operation will thus continue until the required quantity to form
a lap shall have been wound on, at which time the stud 11 will arrive in con-
tact with the spring of the bell A, which, being thus rung, will summon the
attendant; immediately following which operation, the stud 13 will operate
upon the lever 5, so as to withdraw the catch 2 as already described, and
liberate the part w* of the framework, which will then turn upon its centre
of motion until arrived in contact with the stop piece y, as shewn by the blue
lines in Fig. 3, during which movement the lap will roll along the periphery
of the drum a, and rest upon the now depressed side of the slot w*. An
empty tube is then to be supplied, its axle being placed in the stationary part
of the slot w, and the sliver passed around it to be wound as before, the full
lap being then removed by the attendant, to be applied to the process of
carding. In order to effect this, the loose disc a+ must be slipped from the
axle a, and then the tube b and lap of sliver, in like manner, removed.
Our first method of obtaining laps from carding engines is shewn at Sheet 4.

page_text: The principle of operation of this part of our Invention we shall first explain
by reference to the Diagrams Nos. 1, 2, and 3 of the accompanying Drawings,
and subsequently describe an arrangement of machinery by which the same
may be carried into practical effect.
In the Diagram No. 1 suppose a to be a surface capable of travelling to
and fro, that is, from the right hand to the left of the Figure, and vice versa.
Let b, 6+, represent two rollers, the centres of which are mounted in fixed
bearings, and let the red line denote the sheet of material taken from the
doffer cylinder by any usual method. If the surface a be now caused to move
in the direction of the arrow (No. 1), the end of the sheet will be carried
forward, and, as it is delivered from the doffer, be pressed downwards by
being carried against the roller b, so as to be deposited upon the surface a
If the
until the position shall have been gained represented at No. 2.
surface be now caused to move back to its former position the sheet of
material will be brought into contact with the roller 6+, and, on a continuation
of the movement, will be guided downward, and spread upon the layer pre-
viously deposited by the roller b; and thus, by successive traversing of the
surface a, a, thickness would be formed by accumulated layers of the material.
In order, however, to gain sufficient length of such accumulated layers for
forming the required lap, we cause the surface a to travel with a slow motion
in a direction at right angles to that in which the layers are guided by the
rollers b, 6+, by which means they will be carried onward as they are deposited,
and spread upon the surface a, after the manner represented in the Diagram
No. 3, and so form a continuous length, compounded of successive folds,
which may be wound on to a roller to constitute a lap, the fibres of which are
now arranged transversely to that direction in which they came from the
carding engine.
Having thus explained the principle of action, we will proceed to point out
a practical application thereof.
0. Fig. 1 is a partial side elevation of a carding engine, with the improvements
The doffer
applied; Fig. 2, a back view; and Fig. 3, a section of the same.
cylinder is shewn at c, c, upon the centre of which there is a toothed wheel d, d,
driving a pinion e, which, through the intermediate shewn in the Drawing,
communicates rotary motion to a pinion f. Upon the axle of this there is a
5 roller g, around which and another h there are passed endless straps i, having
ribs of wood attached thereto. The wheel d of the doffer cylinder is in gear
with a pinion j, affixed to a transverse shaft k, upon the axle of which there is
also another pinion 1, which, by means of an interinediate wheel, communicates
The other end of the shaft is situated in the groove n, n
motion to.a shaft m.

page_text: "
of a sliding piece o, o, and carries a pinion which takes into the teeth of a
rack p, p, such arrangement being that of the ordinary "mangle motion;"
and, as the shaft m therefore is guided by the groove n so as to bring its
pinion alternately into gear with opposite sides of the rack, a reciprocating
motion will be imparted to the piece o. The piece o is connected by means
of a rod to a carriage.q, q, q, which is provided with wheels running upon
rails r affixed to the flooring; and thus the carriage 9, q, is caused to travel to
and fro in the direction of the arrows, Fig. 3. Within the carringe q, q, are
mounted rollers 8, s, the peripheries of which are provided with projections
taking into the links of endless chains t, t. Upon these chains are mounted a
series of wooden ribs, which thus form an endless flexible platform. The axle
of one of the pairs of rollers 8, 8, is provided with a toothed wheel u, taking
into the teeth of a worm v, affixed to a shaft w, upon which there is also a
'grooved pulley *. Around this is passed a band y, which, extending upwards,
runs over the periphery of a guide pulley z, and from thence is conducted
around a pulley 1, mounted upon the shaft k before mentioned. By this
arrangement rotation is communicated to the roller 8+, which, by its revo-
lution, imparts a travelling motion to the flexible platform t, t, t. In order to
compensate for the varying distance between the pullies and 1, caused by the
travelling to and fro of the frame q, upon which the latter is mounted, the
guide pulley z, over which the band passes, is carried by a lever:2, capable of
turning upon a fixed centre, from the other end of the lever being provided
with a weight 3. By this arrangement the guide pulley z will be continually
pressed upwards, and thus cause a sufficient tension of the band, but will turn
downwards, so as to partially straighten the band, in order to provide for a
recession of the pulley x from that which drives it. The rollers for guiding
and spreading the material in the desired folds are shewn at 4, 4. They are
mounted upon axles, which turn in stationary slotted bearings, so as to be
capable of moving up and down therein; and at the sides of the travelling
frame q there are affixed projecting pieces 5, 5, which arrive alternately in
contact with the under surface of their respective rollers 4, 4, so as to raise
them from the folds of material deposited upon the travelling surface. The
sheet of material is removed from the doffer cylinder by means of the ordinary
comb A. From thence it is conducted on to the delivering travelling surface i,
and by that carried forward and deposited on to the receiving travelling sur-
face t, as shewn in the Drawing. According to the position of parts exhibited
the shaft m is supposed to revolve so as to cause the carriage 9 to be moving
in the direction of the black arrow (Fig. 3), which motion will carry the
falling material against the periphery of the stationary roller 4*, beneath

page_text: which it will therefore be caused to pass so as to be spread upon a previously
deposited layer, the pressure of the roller 4*, by its weight, causing at the
same time a calendering action, which consolidates the fibres. A continued
revolution of the shaft m will have brought the carriage 9 into the position
shewn by dots in Fig. 3, and have caused the circular part of the groove n to
shift the said shaft, so as to bring its pinion into gear with the upper side of
the rack p, by which change of position the motion of the said rack, and con-
sequently carriage q, will be reversed, so as to move in the direction-of the red
arrow, Fig. 8, and thus carry the surface of the falling material against the
periphery of the roller 4*, and spread it in the opposite direction upon the
travelling surface. It will be perceived that the rollers 4 and 4* are not
immediately adjoining each other upon the reversed motion of the carriage;
therefore the material will not immediately be brought into contact with the
latter, but will be previously delivered downwards, so as to cause a slackness
preventive of strain upon its fibre upon the coming of the roller into action.
Before this takes place also the roller will ascend one side of the fixed piece 5,
and, by rolling down the other, will fall direct upon the top of the sheet of
material, the same operation being repeated at the other side of the travelling
surface. During these motions, by which successive layers of material are
deposited, the worm v, by the means before mentioned, will cause the surface t
to move in a longitudinal direction, and thus effect the angular disposition of the
layers so as to constitute a continuous sheet, as described with reference to
the Diagram No. 3. The sheet thus formed will be carried onward, and, after
passing under a calendering roller 6,. is wound into a lap at 7, so as to con-
stitute a feed for a subsequent carding operation. If desired, however, the
lap roller may be dispensed with, and the accumulated material caused to pass
entirely around the surface on which it is deposited, which, in such case, will
constitute its length. It will, then, however, be necessary to apply another
travelling surface to support the sliver when moving on the under side.
Our other improved mode of obtaining a lap from the carding engine by
successive layers is represented at Figures 1 and 2, Sheet V., in which a is
the doffer cylinder, and 6. the comb, of the usual arrangement; beneath these
are situated an apron or other travelling surface c, c, placed upon rollers d, d,
capable of revolving in fixed bearings, which apron, it will be perceived, is
5 placed at an angle to the shaft of the doffer cylinder so as to take in the
whole width thereof. One of the rollers d, d, has rotatory motion communi-
cated thereto by means of a band driven by a pulley affixed to the shaft of the
doffer cylinder, which band passes over guide pullies e, and from thence
around another upon the axis of the roller d. Beneath the apron c, c, there

page_text: is another f, f, passing around rollers g, g, the axis of one of which is provided
with a pinion in gear with one of a like number of teeth affixed to the axis of
the roller d, so that the two aprons travel forward at a uniform speed. The sliver
removed by the ordinary action of the comb, falls upon the surface of the tra
velling apron c, and being thus carried forward, is sustained on the under side
by the second travelling apron f. Upon a complete revolution having been
performed, another layer of material will be deposited upon that previously
carried forward; and so on until an accumulation shall have taken place to the
extent of the required thickness of lap, the length of which will of course be
determined by the distance apart of the rollers d, d, and g, g. Instead of
gaining the required accumulation by causing the apron c to convey the
material several times beneath the situation at which it falls from the doffer
cylinder, a similar effect may be produced by imparting a motion to the
travelling surface c inferior in speed to the delivery of the material, the
result of which will be a folding of the sliver, regulated in extent by such
retarded speed. If this modification be adopted, the lower apron f will not,
of course, be necessary, and the material may be wound upon a roller by
surface motion.
Our improvement upon the method of feeding carding engines on the
plan commonly known as Brown and Walker's, is shewn in Figures 3 and 4,
Sheet 5, the former being a partial sectional elevation, and the latter a front
view thereof. The guide for distributing the sliver, proceeding as usual from
the lap a, is shewn at b. This guide is attached to a bar c, c, which is provided
with lugs mounted so as to slide upon transverse bars d, d, and carries at its
lower end a pine projecting into the grooves of a screwed shaft f, having
threads thereon cut in opposite directions. Upon the screwed shaft there is
a pinion g driven by an intermediate, which derives rotatory motion from a
wheel h mounted upon the axis of one of the taking-in rollers. The machine
being put in motion, the shaft f will therefore be caused to revolve, and by
means of one thread of its screw carry the bar c and guide 6 in one direction
along the length of the taking-in rollers, the other thread then causing it in
like manner to traverse in the opposite direction, and thus distribute the
material as desired. Instead of the screw with oppositely arranged threads,
as above described, they may be cut in one direction only, and the shaft upon
which they are formed caused to turn alternately in opposite directions by any
ordinary reversing motion, so as to effect the required traversing.
Our next improvement is shewn at Figures 4 and 5, Sheet 1. Two series
of thin pieces of metal or other material a, a, a, a, are strung upon rods b, b, b,
and kept at the desired distance apart by means of thimbles c, c, c. The

page_text: livers proceeding from their several laps pass through the orifices d, d, d, as
seen by the red color, and it will be perceived that they are so arranged
as to cause them to occupy positions slightly overlapping each other. The
pieces a, a, are shaped to extend inwards corresponding to the curve of the.
taking-in rollers e, e; and in order to guide the slivers into their respective.
orifices d, d, there are applied stationary plates fif, seen in the last-mentioned
Figure. Figures 6 and 7 represent another mode of construction by which
this part of our Invention may be carried out. In this instance the pieces a, a,
for forming the orifices to regulate the position of the slivers, are fixed to.
bars 6, 6, in an angular direction; the material, therefore, guided by the
plates ff, will assume the relative situations shewn by the red color, and
thus the required overlapping will be effected.
Our improved method of removing slivers from condensing carding engines
is shewn at Figures 2 and 2 A, Sheet 1, the former of which represents such
a machine in section, and the latter a portion of the same in plan view..
a, a, is the doffer cylinder formed with rings of cards as usual; in this instance,
however, there being but one such cylinder, and provided with the requisite
number of rings for removing the whole of the material. In contact with the.
surface of this cylinder are placed two strippers b, b, the upper one being
provided with rings of cards, which remove the slivers from alternate rings of
the doffer cylinder, and the lower one acting in the same manner upon those.
which have not been stripped the upper one; thus in the partial plan view
Figure 2 A, the sliver will be removed from the rings 1, 3, &c. by the upper.
stripper, and those which occupy alternate positions, 2, 4; 6, &c., by the lower.
5 stripper, from thence they pass through the twisting straps on to the lap rollers
as usual.
Our improvement in. wool-combing machines is represented at Figure 8,
Sheet 1. A portion of a combing cylinder is shewn at a, near the periphery
of which is situate one of the usual drawing-off rollers b, with its revolving
0 strap c, the other is shewn at d; instead, however, of placing this immediately.
adjoining the combs, we interpose a stationary bar e, provided with a concave
surface, between which and the roller 6 the material is first drawn, and from.
thence over the roller d. By this arrangement we are enabled to get the
bite of the drawing-off surfaces nearer to the line of combs, and thus effect a
5 more perfect clearance. The situation of our improved drawing-off apparatus
will; of course, vary according to the construction of machine to which it
is applied, and motion may be communicated to the parts by any of the
ordinary methods.
Our improvement relating to burring machinery is shewn at Figure 9,

page_text: Sheet 1, which is a partial section of a burring machine constructed on the
cylindrical saw principle. The saw cylinder is shewn at a, a, and one of the
feeding rollers at b; instead of the other usually employed we apply a ba
with a concave surface, as at c, and by, this arrangement hold the fibre.at a
much shorter distance from the cylinder a, and thus facilitate the removal
of burrs by the revolving saws. We have shewn this part of our improve-
iments as applied to a certain construction of machine; we do not, however,
intend, to confine ourselves thereto, as the combination of. roller and concave
surface may be applied to the purpose of feeding any machine designed for the
removal of burrs.
Our first improvement in slubbing or roving frames is shewn at Figures 1
and 2, Sheet 6, which are elevational and top, views of a flyer upon our con-
struction. The slit a, a, is, formed as usual at the upper, end, but, instead of
continuing downwards in a straight line, is curved round so as to occupy a
position at the back of the leg instead of at the side, or the other direction
may be taken so as to dispose it at the front thereof.
.
Figure 3, Sheet 6, represents, the next, part of our, Invention, relating to
roving frames. The upper, end of the flyer a, a, is provided with a projecting
part-6 which turns freely in a socket formed within a fixed rail c; the legs
extend downwards beyond the usual length, and are connected at bottom to a
flauge & formed upon a collar e, which collar is mounted so as to revolve upon
a tube f affixed by nuts to a stationary rail g,, and is provided with a, toothed
pinion h, by which rotation, may be communicated. The spindle i.turns at
bottom in a rail j, passes through the tube.f, in, which it is capable of moving
freely, and is furnished with a flange k; upon this flange the bobbin is placed
and caused to revolve therewith by means of the pin / after the usual manner
of such connections. It will be perceived by the foregoing description that in
the arrangement to which this part of our Invention refers, the flyer is
detached from the spindle upon which the bobbin is mounted; in order,
therefore, to perform the copping, a rising and falling motion is, to be given S
to the spindle, and which arrangement is precisely that, described, in our former
Patent above referred to. In such previous.construction, however, the collar e, e,
was caused to run upon the top surface of a bush, mounted in the fixed
rail g, g, whereas by, our present improvement it has a lateral bearing inde-
pendent of the spindle by revolving upon the periphery of the, fixed tube f. 3
By this arrangement also the spindle has a more extended bearing, and thus
a greater steadiness of action is effected. The roving, passes through an
orifice formed within the part 6 of the flyer, from thence down the leg thereof
as usual, and through an aperture m, formed therein, to, the bobbin.
We

page_text: have shewn our improvement applied in conjunction with that arrangement
commonly called the centrifugal presser; it will be obvious, however, that if
desired, other constructions may be used, or "soft bobbins," as they are
termed, may be made.
Figure 4, Sheet 6, represents a modification of this part of our improve-
ments. In this instance the collar e is extended downwards, the lower part
thereof resting upon and turning in a bush o applied to the fixed rail.g.
The spindle passes through the collar e, but the orifice for its admission is
formed sufficiently large, excepting at two points, to allow it to. run therein
without contact.
Figs. 5 and 6 represent the next part of our Invention relating to roving
frames. In this instance the flyer a, a, is suspended at top in a bearing
formed upon the fixed rail c; the lower ends of the legs thereof revolve in a
circular groove o, o, formed within a stationary rail p, as shewn in. the plan
view, Fig. 6. The flyer is driven through the medium of a toothed wheel q
mounted upon its upper part, and in gear with a wheel r intermediately situated
between two spindles, the central wheel deriving rotary motion from any
suitable part of the machine. The spindle i,,, in this instance does not
revolve, but is fixed by a screw nut to the rail s, and, lafter passing through a
bush in another rail t, carries loosely the bobbin braid u provided with a bevel
The rails sandt have the necessary
wheel to be driven in any usual manner.
copping motion imparted to them, and will therefore raise and lower the
bobbin after the ordinary manner. We have mentioned this arrangement of
bobbin and spindle as one by which the required movements may be obtained,
but such contrivance forms no. part of our Invention, and may be varied in
many ways. Instead of the groove for the legs. of the flyer to revolve in,.a
circular orifice may be formed within the rail p, p, against the periphery
of which the legs of the flyer may revolve, and thus be prevented from flying
out by centrifugal action.
Our next improvement in roving frames' we shall illustrate by reference to
Figs. 7 and 8, Sheet 6, which are 'two horizontal sections of a bobbin and
louble presser flyer. According to the usual method of winding on the rovings,
the flyer and bobbin are caused to revolve in the direction of the black
arrows, Fig. 7, the former moving at a rate above that of the latter, or, as it
5 is technically termed, "leading." According to our present.improvement we so
modify the relative motions of the bobbin and pressers that the roving at that
part where it reaches the bobbin shall recede from the point at which it is
delivered; this we can accomplish in two ways. According to our first method
we reverse the angles of direction of the pressers, as shewn at Fig. 8, and

page_text: cause them and the bobbin to rotate in the same direction as usual, an
explained with reference to Fig. 7, but instead of imparting to the pressers
superior rate of revolution so as to affect the "lead," we drive the bobbin a
the greater velocity, thereby causing it to keep in advance of the pressers
In order to effect this object by another method, we retain the ordinar
arrangement of pressers, but reverse their rotation so as to cause them t
revolve in the direction of the red arrows, Fig. 7, the bobbin also moving
in the same direction, but, in this case, as in the former, revolving at the
necessary velocity for taking the lead.
The next part of our Invention, (viz) an improvement upon our roving
and slubbing frame, "tubes," or "collars," for which Letters Patent were
granted to us as aforesaid, is shewn in Fig. 9, Sheet 6. In our former method
of constructing these, the tube a, a, was chambered out so to be of two
diameters, the spindle being caused to revolve against projecting parts;
according to our present improvement we construct the tubes of the same
internal diameter throughout their length, as shewn in the Figure.
Our other improvement upon our patent tubes or collars is shewn at Fig. 10,
Sheet 6. The spindle is represented at b, b, and, instead of being formed
parallel, is of diminished diameter at its upper part 6+, 6+, and has its support
in the tube or collar at c, c. The other arrangements of this apparatus are
those described in the Specification of our .Patent aforesaid, and will not,
therefore, require an explanation here.
Our first-mentioned improvement in creels is shewn in the Figure of
Sheet 7. The bobbins are mounted upon the usual skewers, and in the
ordinary manner; but, instead of arranging the back row in a line one under
the other, as is ordinarily practised, we place one tier either in back or front
of the centre line of the others, as shewn at A, whereby we are enabled to
bring those represented at B, C, nearer than usual towards each other, and
thus effect a decrease in the height of the creel.
. Our next improvement in creels is shewn at Figs. 1 and 2, Sheet 8, the
former of which represents a tube a, a, of tin or other thin metal, closed at
top, and provided at bottom with a flange b. This tube is to be placed within
the bore of the bobbin, and then slipped on to a stationary pin c attached to
the required part of the framework of the creel, as shewn in the section of a
bobbin so mounted at Fig. 2. The bobbin thus rests upon the flange b of the
tube a, which is suspended upon the upper end of the pin c. By this arrange-
ment we dispense with the top rail, necessary when the ordinary skewers are
used, and attain a mounting productive of but little friction.
Our third improvement in creels is shewn at Figs. 3 and 4, Sheet 8. A

page_text: transverse row of bobbins is represented at d, d, d, d, mounted one behind the
other upon a plate e, e, instead of extending upwards, as usual; and, in order
to keep the several ends from running in contact with their continuous
bobbins, we apply a series of guide rods e, e, e. We have shewn this part of
our improvements in conjunction with that last described; they are not,
however, necessarily so combined, as the bobbins may, if desired, be
mounted upon skewers in the ordinary manner, in which case a top rail will
be necessary.
Our improvements relating to card-making machines is shewn in the
several Figures of Sheet 9; and although the mechanical arrangement, the
application of which constitutes this part of our Invention, is well known as
applied to certain other machines, we will, in order that the same may be
clearly pointed out, in the first place describe this separately, and subsequently
a mode of applying it to our present purpose. In Fig. 1, Sheet 9, a, a, repre-
sents a wheel provided with a series of radial slots b, b, b, the parts between
each of which are formed as portions of circles corresponding to the periphery
of a disc c, c, which revolves in contact therewith. The disc c, c, carries a
projecting arm, to which a pin d is attached; and there is also a recess e
formed therein, for the purpose of allowing the projections which form the
slots b, b, b, to revolve within the disc c. On rotatory motion being communi-
cated to the shaft f the pin d will be carried into one of the slots b, b, b, of the
wheel a, and bearing against the sides thereof will cause the said wheel to
turn upon its centre until it shall have moved so far as to have passed beyond
the action of the pin d; the disc c will then (continuing to revolve) move in
contact with the concave part between two of the slots b, b; but as the
tendency which such revolution possesses to turn the wheel a by friction of
contact in one direction is counterbalanced by a like tendency to turn it in the
other, the wheel a will be locked in this position until the pin d shall have
revolved sufficiently far to have passed into that one of the slots 6 which now
occupies the place of that previously acted upon, when the like operation will
take place. Whenever, therefore, the pin d is not in action, the wheel a will.
remain in a fixed position, and it is thus we obtain the occasional motion
requisite for changing the position of the working parts of card-making
machines.
Having thus explained our method of gaining the desired intermittent
movement, we will proceed to describe the Figs. 2 and 3, which represent its
application to a card-making machine of that construction usually called a
"sheet machine," in which we will suppose the working parts to be moved by
the action of a screw. The main shaft, provided with the necessary.driving

page_text: pullies, is shewn at g, g. Upon this are mounted loosely. two spur wheels h, i
provided with clutch boxes j, k, capable of. being locked alternately. to a clutel
7 sliding upon a feather on the shaft g. Upon a short shaft m are fixed two
wheels'n, o, the former being in gear with that shewn at h. The pinions i, o
are in gear with an intermediate piñion p, mounted upon a stud affixed to the
framework. The clutch box l'is embraced by a fork-shaped lever q.turning on
a centre at r, and provided at its lower end with a slot, in which is situate a
double incline piece s formed upon a lever t, attached to a rod z,.and.capable
of rocking in centres. To this rod there is affixed a projecting, piecei, which
at stated times is acted upon by the revolution rof a wiper sliding upon, but
revolving with, the main shaft g, g, whereby the rod becomes: turned. partially
upon its.centre, carrying with it the lever t, and thus, through: the agency of
the double inclined piece s, causing the fork-qsto vibrate and slide the clutch
box into gear with one or other of the clutches, k. Toitheewheel are
affixed the pin d and circular discc, for giving motion to and locking the star
wheel; which is shewn at a mounted upon the ordinary screw, shaft w
employed for traversing the various' parts of the card-making machine: The
operation is as follows According to the position shewn in the Drawing, the
clutch box has locked the clutch kso as to. causes the pinion is to revolve with
the main shaft'; the pin d, therefore, will cause the: intermittent; revolution-of
the star, wheel a, as described in reference to Fig. 1, and thus the necessary
occasional motion will be imparted to the, screw shafts and through it to the
various ordinary parts of the machine. The motion we will suppose to be in
the direction of the arrow, Fig. 1; At the next revolution of the shaft gathe
screw w will have brought the wiper within, range of the piece u, which being
then struck, will; by the means before-mentioned; turn. the lever q upon its
centre, so as to shift the clutch box 7. out of the clutch k, and into that shewn
at. By this movement the pinion h will now be caused to wrevolve with the
main shaft; and the pinion i allowed to run loosely thereon. This change will
effect the revolution of the pinions nando, the latter. of which will now,
through the medium of the intermediate p; communicate rotary, motion to the
pinion i, causing it to revolve upon the shafty in the opposite direction to that
which it followed when driven direct by the clutch box and then?: the star
wheel a will continue its intermittent motion, but in a reversed direction,.so:as
to effect a like change in the rotation of the traversing screw.w: It will be
understood that this reversing of the notion is to take place likewise,when the
working parts shall have returned to the other end of the machine, a projecting
paŕt, similar to that shewn at u, being there" also raffixed to the rods, to be
operated upon by a wiper on the opposite side of the travelling frame.it: We

page_text: have shewn, and described a certain method, of combining our improvements
with other iparts; it will be evident, however, that other methods may be,
adopted according to the construction of card-making machine employed for.
the production of sheet or fillet cards
3.
*..
1. Our improved boring machine is shewn in the several Figures of Sheet -10;
Fig being a longitudinal view; Fig. 2, across section taken about
the line a, b, looking towards the right hand of Fig. 1. The driving shaft
is at a, a upon which there is, affixed. a', wormb, taking into the teeth of
a worm wheel c. This wheel is mounted upon a shaft d, and carries, át, its
other.endia, spur, wheel, e, which, through the intervention of another, f, imparts
rotary motion to a longitudinal shaft.g. Upon the shaft gare mounted two
worms h; h, drivingworm wheels i, i, each one being affixed to a shaft j,j.
This shaft is provided with pinions,k, kc, which take,into racks, l, affixed to.
the underside, of ictwo, headstocks m, m, capable of,sliding upon V-guides
formed upon the framework: The headstocks,m,ini, are constructed so as to
carry a series of boring tools mm, mand, when moved forwardeby..the
rack motion described, are therefore capable of causing a like number of tubes.
or collars to be operated upon at the same time and at both ends... Upon the
main shaft a there is mounted a pinion o,, taking into a wheel p; affixed to a
short shaft ; turning in bearings formed upon a stationary headstock, and
upon that shaft are mounted a series of screw wheels-taking into a, like
number of screw wheels's,'s, which are each formed, upon spindlest, t, capable
of revolving in the stationary headstock. On either side of the stationary
headstock is affixed arest u,u,, which is mounted, upon the bed of the machinô.
so as to be capable of sliding thereon, but of, being fixed.in any desired situa
tion by means of tightening bolts v..v. 1. The upper part of these rests carry: a
baru, w, (seen in the detached view of one of the, rests, Fig. 3,); which is
jointed at one end so as to turn upwards upon a centre pin, but confined in!the
position shewn in the Drawing by a bolt Within the bar, w, are formed
mortices, into which are placed bushes y, y, and confined therein by set screws,
these bushes being provided with apertures through which the series of drills
m, m, m, attached to the moveable headstocks.. m,m,. pass,cand. thus:
become guided so as to be steadied during the operation of boring. The tubès
or. collais to be operated. upon, shewn at, 2,2,2, are passed through a series of
chucks B.B, screwed into a similar number of: the spindles t.. These.chucks
may be of any ordinary construction. The arrangement, however, which we
employ will be understood by, referring to. the enlarged views, Figs. 4 and 5:
Aring of metal-11, is mounted upon a conical-shaped piece 2,-2, and confined-
in that position by means of a plate. 3; 3, and screws 4, 4, but is capable.oft

page_text: moving thereon.. Upon the piece 2, 2, is formed the screw for uniting the
chuck to the spindle and through it, and also the plate 3, there is an aper-
ture for the passage of the tube or collar to be bored. The interior periphery
of the ring 1 is provided with two projecting parts 4, 4, formed excentric to
their centre of motion, and situate in a recess formed between the plate 3 and
comical piece 2. These excentric parts bear against the ends of two jaws 6, 6,
which are mounted so as to be capable of sliding in guides formed within the
piece 2. Upon turning, therefore, the ring 1, the excentric projections will
force in the jaws, and confine the tube, as shewn in Fig. 4; or a motion in the
other direction will bring recesses 7, 7, opposite to the ends of the jaws, and
allow them to separate for the removal of the tube. The plate 3, 3, is pro-
vided with a circular slot 8, 8, through which a screw 9 passes into the piece 2;
by tightening this, therefore, the projections 4, 4, and consequently jaws 6, 6,
are confined in any desired position. Thus it will be perceived that the tube
or collar to be bored is held firmly by the sliding jaws 6, 6, and from thence
passes through the screw and spindle t to the other side of the stationary
headstock, where. it is in like manner secured by another such chuck. The
machine being put in motion, the series of spindles t, t, will be caused to
revolve, carrying with them the tubes or collars to be bored; at the same
time the headstocks m, m, will be moved forward by means of the racks and
pinions l, k, so as to advance the cutting tools m*, and effect the required
operation. The wheels i, i, which drive the shafts j, j, are connected thereto
by means of ordinary clutch boxes, which may be shifted through the medium
of levers 9, 7,
so as to cause the wheels i, i, to be disengaged from the
driving power; the shafts j, j, may then be turned by means of winch handles,
so as to withdraw the tools m*, m*, from the bored tube or collar. This
operation it will be necessary to effect, first (when boring from both ends
simultaneously), on one side of the stationary headstock r, r. The other
moveable headstock m still continues to advance, so as to effect the perfect
boring. We have hitherto supposed the operation to be simultaneously per-
formed at each end; if desired, however, one end may be first bored, and the
other headstock advanced to complete the operation.
Our machine for cutting the slots or cap bars is shewn in Sheet 11 of the
accompanying Drawings, Fig. 1 being an end elevation thereof, and Fig. 2 a
front view. a, a, a, is the framework of the machine, and b, b, b, the driving
pullies, upon the shaft of which is mounted a bevil wheel c, taking into a
pinion d, through which an upright shafte is capable of sliding, but causing
it to revolve therewith by means of a slot and feather.. The shafte has a
bearing in the upper part of the framework, and runs at. its lower end. in a

page_text: 1:
bracket f, which extends from a bar g, provided with V-shaped pieces which
slide in guides h, h. Upon the shaft e is placed a worm i, so as to be capable
of sliding thereon, but of revolving therewith by a slot and feather connection.
This worm is in gear with a wheel j, mounted, upon a cross shaft, to which is
also affixed a spur pinion k, taking into the teeth of a rack / formed upon
the bar g, so that by the revolution of the shaft e (in one direction) the said
bar is caused to descend. To the boss of the worm i is attached a collar m,
and at either side thereof is affixed an upright arm n, which arms are con-
nected at top to an annular piece o, through which the shaft e freely. passes.
Upon this annular piece is formed a projecting part p, beneath which there is
a bolt q, so as to retain it in the situation shewn, and consequently keep the
worm in a position for driving the pinions; and k. The bolt, however, is
jointed to one end of a bell-crank lever 7, 7, and is capable of being with-
drawn by turning such lever upon its centre, so as to allow the annular piece
to fall, and consequently permit the worm i to slide upon the shaft e, and
thus be out of gear with the pinion j. To the annular piece o is also con-
nected one end of a lever s capable of turning upon a centre at t, and of being
caused so to move by means of a hand lever u and connecting rod v. At the
lower end of the shaft e is mounted a bevil pinion w taking into another, upon
the axle of which is a spur pinion a, situate within a jaw of the sliding bar 9.
The pinion, through the medium of an intermediate, communicates motion to
a spindle 1, connected by gear to another 1, turning in bearings formed in
the bar g; and upon these spindles the series of cutters 2, 2, 2, 2, for ope-
rating upon the cap bars are mounted. The cutters are of two diameters, the
larger being provided with teeth upon their circumference, and also upon
their sides, for the purpose of operating upon those surfaces of the slots
denoted by 3, 3, 3, 3, in Fig. 3, which is a top view of part of an ordinary
cap bar for carrying the top rollers of a roving frame. The smaller are con-
structed so as to act upon those surfaces represented at 4, 4, 4, 4; they may
be formed separately, and secured on to the spindles in any required number,
or the whole may be formed in one piece,. if desired. Upon the stationary
framework are formed V-shaped guides 5, 5, upon which is placed a sliding
table 6, to the centre part whereof is affixed a screw socket 7 connected to a
screwed shaft 8, upon one end of which is mounted a toothed wheel 9 taking
into a pinion 10, the axis of which is provided with a bevil pinion 11, driven
by the intervention of a shaft 12 and winch handle 13, by which arrangement
the screwed shaft may be caused to revolve, and thereby slide the table 6 upon
the guides 5, 5. The axle of the winch handle 13 is provided with an
ordinary dividing plate, so as to determine exactly the distance to which the.

page_text: table is caused to traverse. The cap bar to be cut is placed upon a block 14
affixed to the table 6, and secured in the position shewn at C in. the Draw-
ings, by means of clamps or other convenient means. The winch, handle. 13
is then turned so as to bring the surfaces to be cut under their respective
cutters, which will then be situate as seen. in. the partial plan or top view,
Fig. 4. Rotary motion being. now communicated to the machine, the shaft
c will be caused. to revolve, and through the intervention of the worm i' and
pinions and k, cause the sliding. bar g to descend, so as to carry 'down the
cutters into contact with the surfaces to be cut, at the same. time the
pinion w, through the medium of the train shewn and described, will cause
the cutters to rotate, and thus effect the required operation. This having been
accomplished a projecting pin 15, affixed to the sliding bar g, will have arrived
in contact with the end of the bell-crank lever, and, by causing it to turn
upon its centre of motion, will withdraw the boltsq from under the piece p.
The worm being then no longer held in its working position, will run down-
ward upon the shaft e, so as to be out of gear with the wheel j, and thus the
further descent of the bar g and cutters 2, 2, 2, will be prevented, and they
will be free to be carried up into their former position by a counterbalance
weight 17 attached to a lever 18, the other end of, which projects into a slot
formed in the bar g. The winch handle 13 is now to be turned, so, as to
cause the table 6 to move onward through a distance equal to a space between
the slots now cut and those next to be operated upon the precise adjustment
of this position being determined by a perforation of the dividing plate
attached to the shaft 12. This change having. been accomplished, the attendant
will depress the outward end of the lever, thereby raising the annular piece
o, and with it the worm i, which being thus brought into gear with its wheel j,
is retained in that position by turning the bell-crank lever .,, upon its
centre, so as to project the bolt 7 under the piece p.. The bar.g.and'series of
cutters 2, 2, 2, will then again descend and accomplish the cutting of another
set of slots.
In the Drawings we have shewn an arrangement suitable for cutting cap.
bars, which are provided with four roller slots. It will be obvious, however,
that, if desired, more or less may be operated upon by employing a suitable
number of cutters. Instead, also, of employing them in two series; one only
may be used, so as to cut the slots singly, or they may be of sufficiently large
diameter to operate upon slots corresponding to both ends of. one set of rollers,
as at A, A, A, A, B, B, B, B.
- Having thus described and ascertained the nature of our said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed; we claim,
1.

page_text: Firstly, with reference to the devil or teazer, winding the wool into a
lap, with intervening layers of cloth, after it has been operated upon by the
machine.
.
:
Secondly, in the scribbling or first-carding engine. Firstly, feeding such
machines by two or more laps of wool wound with intervening folds of cloth;
secondly, the application of a roller to the surface of the taker-in, for the pur-
pose abover set forth; and also we claim the application of this part of our
improvements to other carding engines than those usually denominated
"scribblers;" thirdly, removing the wool from the doffer cylinder by the
action of revolving rollers; fourthly, the application of a roller to the surface
of the doffer cylinder, for the purpose above described.
Thirdly, in preparing laps. Firstly, in the arrangement of machinery
described in reference, to the Figures of Sheet 3, the method of disengaging
the lap when wound of the required length; secondly, the production of a lap.
by causing the material, to, assume the form of successive folds partly over-
lapping each other; thirdly, by causing the material to fall upon a travelling
surface placed at an angle to the axis of the doffer cylinder.
Fourthly, in the second-carding engine. Firstly, the application of a screw
or screws for giving motion to the conductor of that machine known as
"Brown and Walker's Feeder ;" secondly, causing narrow laps, which consti-
tute a feed, to overlap each other at their edges as they pass into the carding
machine; thirdly, removing the material from "condensing carding engines"
by means of one doffer cylinder only, with rings of cards thereon, in combina-
tion with two or more stripper rollers.
Fifthly, in combing machines, removing the material from the combs by
means of a combination of concave surface or surfaces, and a roller or rollers.
Sixthly, in burring machines, the application of a combination of concave
surface or surfaces and roller or rollers, for removing the burrs.
Seventhly, in slubbing or roving frames. Firstly, forming the slit in the
leg of the flyer at the back or at the front thereof; secondly, in reference to
that principle of arrangement shewn at Figs. 3 and 4, Sheet 6, causing the
flyer to revolve upon or within a fixed tube or socket; thirdly, causing the
lower end of the flyer legs to revolve in a slot or circular opening; fourthly,
so regulating the motions of the bobbin and flyer in double-pressure arrange-
ments, that that part of the periphery of the former which receives the mate-
rial shall, in its revolution, recede from the point at which the roving is deli-
vered from the flyer; fifthly, constructing our patent tubes or collars aforesaid
of equal internal diameter throughout the length, and also constructing them
suitably for receiving spindles of decreased diameter at their upper ends;

page_text: sixthly, the arrangement of creel, described with reference to Sheet 7;
seventhly, arranging the bobbins for supplying a roving or intermediate
machine in series, the one behind the other; eighthly, suspending the creeled
bobbins of roving or intermediate machines upon stationary pins.
Eighthly, in card-making machines, the application of the star wheel inter-
mittent motion described.
Ninthly, in boring machines, an arrangement by which two or more tubes
or collars may be operated upon simultaneously at both ends, or at each end
alternately, without requiring an alteration of adjustment.
Tenthly, in cutting "cap bars," the employment of a rotary cutter or series
of cutters.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Mason, have hereunto set my hand
Enrolled the Twelfth day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-one.

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
MASON, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker, and
GEORGE COLLIER, of Halifax, in the County of York, Manager, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twelfth day of December, in the fourteenth year of Her reign,
and in the year of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and fifty, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said John
Mason and George Collier, Her especial license, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that we, the said John Mason and George Collier, our exors,
adiñors, and assigns, and such others as we, the said John Mason and
George Collier, our exors, adiñors, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term
of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exer-
cise, and vend, within England and Wales and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, our Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING COTTON AND
OTHER TEXTILE MATERIALS FOR SPINNING, AND IN TOOLS OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING
CARDS AND OTHER PARTS OF SUCH PREPARING MACHINERY, AND IN ENGINES FOR GIVING
MOTION TO THE SAME, WHICH ENGINES ARE ALSO APPLICABLE IN OTHER CASES WHERE
MOTIVE POWER IS REQUIRED;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a
proviso that we, the said John Mason and George Collier, or one of us, shall
cause a particular description of the nature of our said Invention, and in

page_text: what manner the same is to be performed, to be enrolled in Her Majesty
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediatel
after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by th
same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the sai
John Mason, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly described and
ascertained in and by the Drawings hereto annexed, and the following expla
nation thereof, that is to say :-
Our improvements relate,-
Firstly, to the devil or teazer, and consist in arranging the wool into the
form of a lap, instead of removing it in an irregular state, as is usually
practised.
Secondly, to the scribbler or first carding engine; this division of our
improvements consisting, firstly, in feeding such machines by two or more laps
of wool wound with intervening folds of cloth, the combined width of such laps
constituting the requisite width of feed; secondly, the application of a roller
provided with cards upon its periphery to the surface of the "taker in," for
the purpose of removing and transferring to the main carding cylinder such of
the material as may have failed in being duly delivered to the machine, this
part of our improvements being also applicable to other carding engines;
thirdly, the application of rollers for removing the wool from the doffer
cylinder; fourthly, the application of a roller placed in contact with the
periphery of the doffer cylinder, for the purpose of condensing and smoothing
the material previously to its being doffed.
Thirdly, to preparing laps for feeding a subsequently used carding engine;
and, firstly, under such division, in an arrangement of apparatus applicable to
winding a sliver into a narrow lap; secondly, in the production of a broad
lap of any desired thickness or length, formed by successive layers of material
proceeding from a carding engine; the peculiar feature of this part of our
Invention consisting in depositing the material in folds transversely upon a
travelling surface, by which movements such folds are continually carried
forward so as to assume a zigzag disposition, the one only partly overlapping
the other, and so constituting a continuous length ready for being applied to
the next machine; thirdly, in another mode of producing a broad lap; the
principle of this method consisting in the employment of a travelling surface
for receiving the material placed at an angle to the axis of the doffer cylinder
so as to take in the whole width thereof, the requisite thickness of material
being obtained either by repeated revolutions of the said travelling surface, or

page_text: by causing it to move at a rate inferior to the delivery of the material from
be doffer, and thus generate an accumulation upon its surface.
Fourthly, to the second carding engine. Our Invention under this
division consists, firstly, in an improved method of giving motion to the
distributing tube of that apparatus known as "Brown and Walker's Feeder,"
our improvement consisting in the application of a screw motion for effecting
the necessary travelling; secondly, in the application of guides, through
which a series of narrow laps, constituting the feed, pass, such guides being so
arranged that the said laps, upon entering the carding engine, shall slightly
overlap cach other, our object being to compensate for a diminished thickness
which usually exists at the edges; thirdly, in the application of one doffer
cylinder, with rings of cards, to condensing carding engines, instead of two, as
usually practised, the slivers being removed from such doffer through the
agency of two or more stripper rollers, each one acting upon alternate rings
of cards.
Fifthly, to the wool-combing machine; this division of our improvements
consisting in the application of a roller or rollers, and concave surface or
surfaces, for the purpose of drawing the wool from the combs, instead of the
pair of rollers usually employed.
Sixthly, to the burring machine; this division consisting in the application
of a roller or rollers and concave surface or surfaces for the purpose of
removing "burrs."
Seventhly, to the slubbing or roving frame, under which division our
improvements consist, firstly, in forming the slit which usually traverses the leg
5 or legs of flyers of such machines at the back or at the front thereof, instead of
at the side, as usually practised; secondly, in an improvement upon part of
our Invention, for which Letters Patent were granted to us, bearing date the
Twenty-sixth day of March, One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine; our
present improvement refers to that construction of slubbing or roving appa-
30 ratus in which the flyer is detached from the spindle, and has an independent
motion communicated thereto, and consists in effecting a greater steadiness of
action, and rendering it independent of the spindle by the employment of a
fixed tube upon or within which its lower part revolves; thirdly, in a method
of steadying flyers, by causing the lower ends of the legs to run in circular
grooves, or in contact with the internal periphery of a circular aperture;
fourthly, in so arranging the relative motions of the flyers and bobbins, where
louble pressers are used, that the roving or slubbing end, at that point where
it reaches the bobbin, shall travel in a direction from the point receiving from
that at which it is delivered from the flyer, so that upon a breakage taking
35
2

page_text: place the bobbin in itself must possess a winding tendency, and thus prevent
an uncoiling of the material, now productive of much waste. This improve
ment we effect in two ways: firstly, by reversing the angle of direction o
the pressers, and causing the bobbin to revolve at a greater rate than the flyer,
and thus take, as is usually termed, "the lead," the direction of revolution
being the same as that now usually practised; and secondly, (which is the
same thing in effect,) by using the pressers as commonly mounted, and revers
ing the direction of their rotation, and also that of the bobbin, but still impart
ing to the bobbin the necessary velocity for taking the "lead." Fifthly, under
this division, our Invention consists in two improvements upon our tubes or
collars for supporting the spindles, for which Letters Patent were granted to
us, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of March, One thousand eight hundred
and forty-nine. The first consists in forming the interior of such tubes or
collars of uniform diameter, and the second in forming such collars suitable
for using spindles of decreasing diameter towards their upper ends; sixthly,
in three arrangements of creel for the purpose of mounting the bobbins lower
than is usually practised, and for facilitating their removal.
Eighthly, to the card-making machine. This division of our improvements
consists in the application of a novel arrangement of parts for effecting the
occasional travelling of the working parts of the machine.
Ninthly, to a boring machine; the novelty of this part of our Invention
consisting in operating upon two or more of our patent collars, as aforesaid, at
each end thereof, without removing the same from the machine.
Tenthly, to cutting "cap bars;" this division of our improvements consisting
in the employment of a rotatory cutter or cutters acting upon the slots desired
to be shaped.
Our improved arrangement of "devil " or "teazer" is shewn in the sectional
view, Fig. 1, Sheet 1. Instead of the wool being delivered from the doffer a
into the floor of the machine, we cause it to be received between two revolving
rollers b, 6, the one plain and the other fluted. From thence it passes on to
an endless travelling apron c, c, which delivers in to another d, d. Beneath
the latter is placed a roller e, upon which is wound linen or other cloth in a
continuous length. The end of this cloth is conducted to the upper surface of
the travelling apron d, and from thence to a lap roller f. The material under
operation, therefore, will be delivered on to the cloth, and wound with it in
successive distinct folds upon the lap roller f. Above the surface of the apron
c, we place a revolving cylinder g, in order to press down and equalize the
material as it passes onward to the lap roller. If the wool be teazed in a dry
state, this cylinder may be of perforated metal or other material, or of wire

page_text: gauze enclosed within a casing, and connected with an exhausting apparatus,
for the purpose of withdrawing dust, as is well understood; and for the purpose
of preventing the material from passing upwards from the apron c, we apply
a revolving roller, as shewn at h. If the material be in a wet state, then the
exhausting apparatus may be dispensed with, and the cylinder g provided with
plain periphery. The lap roller f may be driven by contact with the surface
of the apron d, or by other surface motion, as desired. The machine employed
may be of such dimensions as to produce one lap suitable for constituting an
entire feed at the carding engine, or may be constructed so as to form one of
narrow dimensions, a sufficient number being employed to make up the
required width.
a
Our next improvement is shewn at Figs. 1 and 2, Sheet 2. a, a, are two laps
of wool wound with intervening layers of cloth, as described with reference to
our "teazer" represented at Sheet 1, or proceeding from any other machine,
by which they may be produced in that disposition. Each of these laps is of
a width equivalent to one half of the necessary feed; they are mounted in
suitable framework, and unlapped by means of the surface rollers b, b, or by
any other ordinary method. The material and the intervening cloths are
conducted over a roller c, at which point they become separated, the former
passing into the carding engine, and the latter falling downwards to be con-
ducted on to rollers placed in any convenient situation, or allowed to fall upon
the floor or into a receptacle provided for the purpose. We have mentioned
but two laps as used to constitute the width of feed; but, if desired, more
may be employed.
Fig. 2, Sheet 1, represents an application of our next improvement. At the
upper surface of the "licker in," we apply a roller, as at a, which, being covered
with cards in the usual manner, and caused to revolve in the direction of the
arrow, will remove any of the material which may not have passed into the
machine, and by delivering it to an additional roller b, also covered with cards,
cause it to be transferred to the main carding cylinders.
Figure 3, Sheet 1, represents the doffer cylinder of a wool first-carding
engine, with our improved mode of removing the material therefrom by means
of rollers. A roller with a plain surface is applied to the periphery of the
doffer, as at a; and beneath this, but apart from the doffer, is a fluted roller
b; between these two the material is conducted, and they being caused to
revolve by any suitable arrangement of mechanism, will effect the desired
removal. The speed of the rollers a, b, will depend in some manner upon the
nature of the material under operation, but as a general rule their surfaces
should revolve at a rate above that of the doffer cylinder.

page_text: .
Our next improvement is shewn at Fig. 2, Sheet 1. Beneath and in con
with the surface of the doffer cylinder we apply a roller c, provided wit
plain periphery; this roller, being caused to revolve by friction of contact
by any other suitable arrangement, will press upon the material car
forward by the doffer, and, by consolidating it upon the cards thereof, tend
equalize the thickness of the sliver, so as to effect their more perfect remov
We have shewn this roller applied to our improved arrangement of conden
with one doffer cylinder; if desired, however, it may be applied to other co
structions of carding engine.
Our arrangement of apparatus for winding a sheet of sliver into narrow laps
shewn in the Figs. of Sheet 3; and, for the sake of explaining the operation of th
machine, we will first describe separately the construction and arrangement
surface upon which the sliver is to be wound, and subsequently its application t
the improved winding machinery. Fig. 1 is a longitudinal view, partly in sec
tion, of the parts which receive the sliver, as wound; and Fig. 2 is a cross section
of the same. Upon an axle a, a, there is placed a tube b, b, such tube being
provided with a rib which projects into a longitudinal slit. To one end of the
axle a is affixed a disc d, d, and at the other there is a similar one d, the
latter, however, being mounted loosely, so as to be capable of being removed
at pleasure in order to admit of the withdrawal of the tube b. The two discs
d, d*, are thus kept a certain distance apart, that which is mounted loosely
being prevented from sliding off the axle a by a boss which bears against
a portion of the framework, or by a pin passing through it and the axle.
which is also in gear with another n,
Fig. 3 is a representation in front elevation of the improved winding
machine, shewing a portion of a carding engine with the sliver proceeding
therefrom; and Fig. 4 is an end view of the same. The doffer cylinder is
shown at e, e, upon the axle of which is mounted a toothed rim f, taking into a
pinion y mounted upon a shaft h, which shaft, through the intervention of the train
of wheels i, i, i, i, communicates rotary motion to a pulley j, which drives, by
means of a strap, the larger pulley k. Upon the axle z of the latter there is S
toothed pinion 7, taking into a wheel m,
he latter being mounted upon an axle o. Upon this axle there is affixed a
roove cam p, within which is placed a pin q, projecting from the lever r.
his lever is capable of moving upon a centres, and is therefore, by the action
the rotary cam p, caused to vibrate thereon.
ver 2 is provided with a slot, within which is situate a stud t, formed upon a
The upper part of the 3.
ss which runs loosely upon a shaft u in the direction of the length thereof.
the boss of the stud t is also connected a guide v, v, which at its upper
I is provided with an aperture through which the sliver passes, as herein-

page_text: r to be described. The vibration of the lever
1t, and guide v, to move to and fro upon the shaft u, and consequently
art a like traversing motion to the sliver of wool. The axle a of tlie
cb, upon which the sliver is intended to be wound, is placed within a
tw, w, formed at each side of the framework of the machine, and is
sed to revolve by means of a friction drum x, mounted upon the axle z,
ich, by running in contact therewith, or with the surface of the material
ercon, effects the necessary winding. A part of the framework w, consti-
ting at each side of the machine one boundary of the slot w, w, is detached
om the other portions thereof, and is mounted so as to be capable of turning
ownwards loosely upon the shaft z, until it shall have arrived in contact with
top pieces y, y, which are supported by spiral springs y+, y*. To the lower
nd of this detached or independent portion is affixed a cord 1, 1, 1, 1, which,
fter passing over guide pulleys, is weighted so as to counterbalance that
part of the framework marked w*, w*, which is thus capable of being drawn
from a depressed position to that shown in the Drawing, in which situation it
is held during the progress of winding by means of a hooked catch 2. This
hooked catch is mounted upon a centre pin 3, and its other extremity is con-
nected to a pendant rod 4, the lower part thereof being attached to a lever 5,
which is capable of turning upon a stud affixed to the framework of the
machine; and, in order to keep the catch 2 in this position, one end of a
spiral spring 6 is attached thereto, and the other affixed to a stationary part
of the machine. Upon the axle o is affixed a toothed pinion 7, taking into
the teeth of a wheel 8, the axle of which is provided with a pinion, which com
5 inunicates rotary motion to an interinediate pinion 9, which drives a wheel 10
mounted loosely upon the shaft z. Upon the face of the wheel 10 is attached
a stud 11, which at each revolution arrives in contact with a piece 12, pro
jecting inwards from a spring, to which a bell A is attached. The arrange
ment of wheelwork is so calculated that this contact shall take place when
30 ever the desired quantity of material shall have been wound upon the tube
and the attention of the attendant will thereby be called to the removal of th
"lap." There is also another stud upon the face of the wheel 10, as at 1
This, however, is on the opposite or inside of the wheel, the Drawing shewi
the nut which secures it. At each revolution of the wheel 10 the stud 13 w
35 arrive in contact with the lever 5, thereby causing it to turn upon
centre, so as to draw down the rod 4, and lift the hooked catch 2 from
hold upon the moveable portion w* of the framework, so as allow that p
to be brought down on to the stop pieces y. The shaft u, upon which

page_text: of the guide vis mounted, is free to turn in the bearings which supp
it. Although, therefore, the said boss and shaft are connected by means of
"feather," the guide v is at liberty to rise and fall as may be desired. Su
notion will consequently carry with it a notched piece 14 (which is affixed
the shaft) until it shall have arrived in contact with a stop piece 15, at whic
time the descent of the guide v will be arrested.
machine is as follows:-According to the position of the parts shewn in th
The operation of th
Drawing the winding of the lap is nearly completed. At the commencement
however, of such process the lower surface of the tube b will rest upon the drum a
and the guide v have fallen by reason of its own gravity, so as to be in contac
with the upper surface of the said tube. The material doffed by the comb in
the usual manner is supported by conical drums 20, 20, which serve (in place
of an endless cloth) to keep it from falling. It is then conveyed through the
revolving tube 16, and having passed between rollers 17, 17, is carried over
the arm 18, through the eye of the guide v, to the tube b. The machine
being then put in motion, the drum x will be caused to revolve, and impart a
like motion to the tube b, so as to wind the material thereon as it proceeds
from the carding engine, during which operation the revolution of the grooved
camp will cause the lever to vibrate upon its centre, thereby traversing. the
guide v upon the shaft u, so as to effect a distribution of the sliver in the
direction of the length of the tube b. As the lap increases in diameter the
axle of the tube b will rise in the slot w, and the material become consolidated
by the presser guide vand its weight against the surface of the revolving
drum. The operation will thus continue until the required quantity to form
& lap shall have been wound on, at which time the stud 11 will arrive in con- 2
tact with the spring of the bell A, which, being thus rung, will summon the
attendant; immediately following which operation, the stud 13 will operate
upon the lever 5, so as to withdraw the catch 2 as already described, and
liberate the part w* of the framework, which will then turn upon its centre
of motion until arrived in contact with the stop piece y, as shewn by the blue 30
ines in Fig. 3, during which movement the lap will roll along the periphery
f the drum a, and rest upon the now depressed side of the slot w*. An
mpty tube is then to be supplied, its axle being placed in the stationary part
f the slot w, and the sliver passed around it to be wound as before, the full
p being then removed by the attendant, to be applied to the process of 35
arding. In order to effect this, the loose disc a+ must be slipped from the
le a, and then the tube b and lap of sliver, in like manner, removed.
Our first method of obtaining laps from carding engines is shewn at Sheet 4.

page_text: principle of operation of this part of our Invention we sman
reference to the Diagrams Nos. 1, 2, and 3 of the accompanying Drawings,
subsequently describe an arrangement of machinery by which the same
y be carried into practical effect.
In the Diagram No. 1 suppose a to be a surface capable of travelling to
1 fro, that is, from the right hand to the left of the Figure, and vice versa.
t b, b+, represent two rollers, the centres of which are mounted in fixed
arings, and let the red line denote the sheet of material taken from the
ffer cylinder by any usual method. If the surface a be now caused to move
the direction of the arrow (No. 1), the end of the sheet will be carried
rward, and, as it is delivered from the doffer, be pressed downwards by
If the
eing carried against the roller b, so as to be deposited upon the surface a
ntil the position shall have been gained represented at No. 2.
urface a be now caused to move back to its former position the sheet of
naterial will be brought into contact with the roller 6+, and, on a continuation
of the movement, will be guided downward, and spread upon the layer pre-
viously deposited by the roller b; and thus, by successive traversing of the
surface a, a, thickness would be forined by accumulated layers of the material.
In order, however, to gain sufficient length of such accumulated layers for
forming the required lap, we cause the surface a to travel with a slow motion
in a direction at right angles to that in which the layers are guided by the
rollers b, 6+, by which means they will be carried onward as they are deposited,
and spread upon the surface a, after the manner represented in the Diagram
No. 3, and so form a continuous length, compounded of successive folds,
which may be wound on to a roller to constitute a lap, the fibres of which are
now arranged transversely to that direction in which they came from the
carding engine.
Having thus explained the principle of action, we will proceed to point out
a practical application thereof.
0 Fig. 1 is a partial side elevation of a carding engine, with the improvements
applied; Fig. 2, a back view; and Fig. 3, a section of the same. The doffer
cylinder is shewn at c, c, upon the centre of which there is a toothed wheel d, d
driving a pinion e, which, through the intermediate shewn in the Drawing
Upon the axle of this there is
communicates rotary motion to a pinion f.
35 roller g, around which and another h there are passed endless straps i, havin
ribs of wood attached thereto. The wheel d of the doffer cylinder is in gea
with a pinion j, affixed to a transverse shaft k, upon the axle of which there
also another pinion 1, which, by means of an intermediate wheel, communicat
motion to a shaft m. The other end of the shaft is situated in the groove n,

page_text: , and carries a pinion which takes into the teeth
rack p, p, such arrangement being that of the ordinary "mangle motion
and, as the shaft m therefore is guided by the groove n so as to bring
pinion alternately into gear with opposite sides of the rack, a reciprocat
motion will be imparted to the piece o.
of a rod to a carriage 7, 9, 7, which is provided with wheels running up
The piece o is connected by me
rails affixed to the flooring; and thus the carriage 7, 7, is caused to travel
and fro in the direction of the arrows, Fig. 3. Within the carriage 7, 7, a
mounted rollers s, s, the peripheries of which are provided with projection
taking into the links of endless chains t, t. Upon these chains are mounted
series of wooden ribs, which thus form an endless flexible platform. The axl
of one of the pairs of rollers s, s, is provided with a toothed wheel u, taking
into the teeth of a worm v, affixed to a shaft w, upon which there is also a
grooved pulley x. Around this is passed a band y, which, extending upwards,
runs over the periphery of a guide pulley, and from thence is conducted
around a pulley. 1, mounted upon the shaft k before mentioned. By this
arrangement rotation is communicated to the roller s+, which, by its revo-
lution, imparts a travelling motion to the flexible platform t, t, t. In order to
compensate for the varying distance between the pullies and 1, caused by the
travelling to and fro of the frame q, upon which the latter is mounted, the
guide pulley z, over which the band passes, is carried by a lever 2, capable of
turning upon a fixed centre, from the other end of the lever being provided
with a weight 3. By this arrangement the guide pulley z will be continually
pressed upwards, and thus cause a sufficient tension of the band, but will turn
downwards, so as to partially straighten the band, in order to provide for a
recession of the pulley from that which drives it. The rollers for guiding
nd spreading the material in the desired folds are shewn at 4, 4. They are
mounted upon axles, which turn in stationary slotted bearings, so as to be
apable of moving up and down therein; and at the sides of the travelling
ame there are aflixed projecting pieces 5, 5, which arrive alternately in 30
ontact with the under surface of their respective rollers 4, 4, so as to raise
em from the folds of material deposited upon the travelling surface. The
ect of material is removed from the doffer cylinder by means of the ordinary
mb A. From thence it is conducted on to the delivering travelling surface i,
d by that carried forward and deposited on to the receiving travelling sur- $5
e t, as shewn in the Drawing. According to the position of parts exhibited
shaft m is supposed to revolve so as to cause the carriage 9 to be moving
the direction of the black arrow (Fig. 3), which motion will carry the
ng material against the periphery of the stationary rollér 4*, beneath

page_text: ich it will therefore be caused to pass so as to be sprea
cwn
osited layer, the pressure of the roller 4*, by its weight, causing at the
ne time a calendering action, which consolidates the fibres. A continued
volution of the shaft m will have brought the carriage 2 into the position
dots in Fig. 3, and have caused the circular part of the groove n to
ift the said shaft, so as to bring its pinion into gear with the upper side of
e rack p, by which change of position the motion of the said rack, and con-
quently carriage q, will be reversed, so as to move in the direction of the red
row, Fig. 3, and thus carry the surface of the falling material against the
eriphery of the roller 4*; and spread it in the opposite direction upon the
avelling surface. It will be perceived that the rollers 4 and 4° are not
mmediately adjoining each other upon the reversed motion of the carriage;
herefore the material will not immediately be brought into contact with the
atter, but will be previously delivered downwards, so as to cause a slackness
reventive of strain upon its fibre upon the coming of the roller into action.
Before this takes place also the roller will ascend one side of the fixed piece 5,
and, by rolling down the other, will fall direct upon the top of the sheet of
material, the same operation being repeated at the other side of the travelling
surface. During these motions, by which successive layers of material are
deposited, the worm v, by the means before mentioned, will cause the surface t
to move in a longitudinal direction, and thus effect the angular disposition of the
layers so as to constitute a continuous sheet, as described with reference to
the Diagrain No. 3. The sheet thus formed will be carried onward, and, after
passing under a calendering roller 6, is wound into a lap at 7, so as to con-
stitute a feed for a subsequent carding operation. If desired, however, the
lap roller may be dispensed with, and the accumulated material caused to pass
entirely around the surface on which it is deposited, which, in such case, will
constitute its length. It will, then, however, be necessary to apply another
travelling surface to support the sliver when moving on the under side.
Our other improved mode of obtaining a lap from the carding engine by
successive layers is represented at Figures 1 and 2, Sheet V., in which a is
the doffer cylinder, and 6 the comb, of the usual arrangement; beneath these
are situated an apron or other travelling surface c, c, placed upon rollers d,
capable of revolving in fixed bearings, which apron, it will be perceived, i
5 placed at an angle to the shaft of the doffer cylinder so as to take in th
whole width thereof. One of the rollers d, d, has rotatory motion communi
cated thereto by means of a band driven by a pulley affixed to the shaft of th
doffer cylinder, which band passes over guide pullies e, and from thenc
around another upon the axis of the roller d. Beneath the apron c, c, the

page_text: is another f, f, passing around rollers g, g, the axis of one of which is provide
with a pinion in gear with one of a like number of teeth affixed to the axis
the roller d, so that the two aprons travel forward at a uniform speed. The slive
removed by the ordinary action of the comb, falls upon the surface of the tra
velling apron c, and being thus carried forward, is sustained on the under side
by the second travelling apron f. Upon a complete revolution having been
performed, another layer of material will be deposited upon that previously
carried forward, and so on until an accumulation shall have taken place to the
extent of the required thickness of lap, the length of which will of course be
determined by the distance apart of the rollers d, d, and g, g. Instead of
gaining the required accumulation by causing the apron c to convey the
material several times beneath the situation at which it falls from the doffer
cylinder, a similar effect may be produced by imparting a motion to the
travelling surface c inferior in speed to the delivery of the material, the
result of which will be a folding of the sliver, regulated in extent by such
retarded speed. If this modification be adopted, the lower apron f will not,
of course, be necessary, and the material may be wound upon a roller by
surface motion.
Our improvement upon the method of feeding carding engines on the
plan commonly known as Brown and Walker's, is shewn in Figures 3 and 4, 2
Sheet 5, the former being a partial sectional elevation, and the latter a front
view thereof. The guide for distributing the sliver, proceeding as usual from
the lap a, is shewn at b. This guide is attached to a bar c, c, which is provided
with lugs mounted so as to slide upon transverse bars d, d, and carries at its
lower end a pine projecting into the grooves of a screwed shaft f, having 23
threads thereon cut in opposite directions. Upon the screwed shaft there is
a pinion g driven by an intermediate, which derives rotatory motion from a
wheel mounted upon the axis of one of the taking-in rollers. The machine
being put in motion, the shaft f will therefore be caused to revolve, and by
means of one thread of its screw carry the bar c and guide 6 in one direction 30
along the length of the taking-in rollers, the other thread then causing it in
ike manner to traverse in the opposite direction, and thus distribute the
naterial as desired. Instead of the screw with oppositely arranged threads,
s above described, they may be cut in one direction only, and the shaft upon
hich they are formed caused to turn alternately in opposite directions by any 35
rdinary reversing motion, so as to effect the required traversing.
Our next improvement is shewn at Figures 4 and 5, Sheet 1. Two series
thin pieces of metal or other material a, a, a, a, are strung upon rods b, b, b,
d kept at the desired distance apart by means of thimbles c, c, c.
The

page_text: ers proceeding from their several laps pass through the
by the red color, and it will be perceived that they are so arranged
to cause them to occupy positions slightly overlapping each other. The
ces a, a, are shaped to extend inwards corresponding to the curve of the
ting-in rollers e, e; and in order to guide the slivers into their respective
fices d, d, there are applied stationary plates f. f, seen in the last-mentioned
gure. Figures 6 and 7 represent another mode of construction by which
is part of our Invention may be carried out. In this instance the pieces a, a,
r forming the orifices to regulate the position of the slivers, are fixed to
ars b, b, in an angular direction; the material, therefore, guided by the
lates f, f, will assume the relative situations shown by the red color, and
hus the required overlapping will be effected.
Our improved method of removing slivers from condensing carding engines
is shown at Figures 2 and 2 A, Sheet 1, the former of which represents such
a machine in section, and the latter a portion of the same in plan view.
a, a, is the doffer cylinder formed with rings of cards as usual; in this instance,
however, there being but one such cylinder, and provided with the requisite
number of rings for removing the whole of the material. In contact with the
surface of this cylinder are placed two strippers b, b, the upper one being
provided with rings of cards, which remove the slivers from alternate rings of
the doffer cylinder, and the lower one acting in the same manner upon those
which have not been stripped by the upper one; thus in the partial plan view
Figure 2 A, the sliver will be removed from the rings 1, 3, &c. by the upper
stripper, and those which occupy alternate positions, 2, 4, 6, &c., by the lower
5 stripper, from thence they pass through the twisting straps on to the lap rollers
as usual.
Our improvement in wool-combing machines is represented at Figure 8
Sheet 1. A portion of a combing cylinder is shewn at a, near the periphery
of which is situate one of the usual drawing-off rollers b, with its revolving
30 strap c, the other is shewn at d; instead, however, of placing this immediatel
adjoining the combs, we interpose a stationary bar e, provided with a concav
surface, between which and the roller & the material is first drawn, and fro
thence over the roller d. By this arrangement we are enabled to get th
bite of the drawing-off surfaces nearer to the line of combs, and thus effect
35 more perfect clearance. The situation of our improved drawing-off apparat
will, of course, vary according to the construction of machine to which
is applied, and motion may be communicated to the parts by any of t
ordinary methods.
Our improvement relating to burring machinery is shewn at Figure

page_text: Sheet 1, which is a partial section of a burring machine constructed on the
cylindrical saw principle. The saw cylinder is shewn at a, a, and one of the
feeding rollers at 6; instead of the other usually employed we apply a bar
with a concave surface, as at c, and by this arrangement hold the fibre at a
much shorter distance from the cylinder a, and thus facilitate the removal
of burrs by the revolving saws. We have shewn this part of our improve-
ments as applied to a certain construction of machine; we do not, however,
intend to confine ourselves thereto, as the combination of roller and concave
surface may be applied to the purpose of feeding any machine designed for the
removal of burrs..
Our first improvement in slubbing or roving frames is shewn at Figures 1
and 2, Sheet 6, which are elevational and top views of a flyer upon our con-
struction. The slit a, a, is formed as usual at the upper end, but, instead of
continuing downwards in a straight line, is curved round so as to occupy a
position at the back of the leg instead of at the side, or the other direction
may be taken so as to dispose it at the front thereof.
Figure 3, Sheet 6, represents the next part of our Invention relating to
roving frames. The upper end of the flyer a, a, is provided with a projecting
part which turns freely in a socket formed within a fixed rail c; the legs
extend downwards beyond the usual length, and are connected at bottom to a
flange d formed upon a collar e, which collar is mounted so as to revolve upon
a tube f affixed by nuts to a stationary rail g, and is provided with a toothed
pinion h, by which rotation may be communicated. The spindle i turns at
bottom in a rail j, passes through the tube f, in which it is capable of moving
freely, and is furnished with a flange k; upon this flange the bobbin is placed
and caused to revolve therewith by means of the pin 7 after the usual manner
of such connections. It will be perceived by the foregoing description that in
the arrangement to which this part of our Invention refers, the flyer is
detached from the spindle upon which the bobbin is mounted; in order,
therefore, to perform the copping, a rising and falling motion is to be given
to the spindle, and which arrangement is precisely that described in our former
Patent above referred to. In such previous construction, however, the collar,
was caused to run upon the top surface of a bush mounted in the fixed
rail g, g, whereas by our present improvement it has a lateral bearing inde-
pendent of the spindle by revolving, upon the periphery of the fixed tube f.
By this arrangement also the spindle has a more extended bearing, and thus
a greater steadiness of action is effected. The roving passes through an
orifice formed within the part of the flyer, from thence down the leg thereof
as usual, and through an aperture m, formed therein, to the bobbin.
e, e,
We

page_text: have shown our improvement applied in conjunction with that arrangement
commonly called the centrifugal presser; it will be obvious, however, that if
desired, other constructions may be used, or "soft bobbins," as they are
termed, may be made.
Figure. 4, Sheet 6, represents a modification of this part of our improve-
ments. In this instance the collar e is extended downwards, the lower part
thereof resting upon and turning in a bush o applied to the fixed rail g.
The spindle passes through the collar e, but the orifice for its admission is
formed sufficiently large, excepting at two points, to allow it to run therein
without contact.
Figs. 5 and 6 represent the next part of our Invention relating to roving
frames. In this instance the flyer a, a, is, suspended at top in a bearing
formed upon the fixed rail c; the lower ends of the legs thereof revolve in a
circular groove o, o, formed within a stationary rail p, as shewn in the plan
view, Fig. 6. The flyer is driven through the medium of a toothed wheel q
mounted upon its upper part, and in gear with a wheel r intermediately situated
between two spindles, the central wheel deriving rotary motion from any
suitable part of the machine. The spindle i, i, in this instance does not
revolve, but is fixed by a screw nut to the rail s, and, after passing through a
bush in another rail t, carries loosely the bobbin braid u provided with a bevel
wheel to be driven in any usual manner.
The rails s and t have the necessary
copping motion imparted to them, and will therefore raise and lower the.
bobbin after the ordinary manner. We have mentioned this arrangement of
bobbin and spindle as one by which the required movements may be obtained,.
but such contrivance forms no part of our Invention, and may be varied in.
many ways. Instead of the groove for the legs of the flyer to revolve in, a
circular orifice may be formed within the rail p, p, against the periphery
of which the legs of the flyer may revolve, and thus be prevented from flying.
out by centrifugal action.
Our next improvement in roving frames we shall illustrate by reference to
Figs. 7 and 8, Sheet 6, which are two horizontal sections of a bobbin and
double presser flyer. According to the usual method of winding on the rovings,
the flyer and bobbin are caused to revolve in the direction of the black-
arrows, Fig. 7, the former moving at a rate above that of the latter, or, as it i
is technically termed, "leading." According to our present improvement we so
modify the relative motions of the bobbin and pressers that the roving at that
part where it reaches the bobbin shall recede from the point at which it is
delivered; this we can accomplish in two ways. According to our first method
we reverse the angles of direction of the pressers, as shewn at Fig. 8, and

page_text: cause them and the bobbin to rotate in the same direction as usual, and
explained with reference to Fig. 7, but instead of imparting to the pressers a
superior rate of revolution so as to affect the "lead," we drive the bobbin at
the greater velocity, thereby causing it to keep in advance of the pressers.
In order to effect this object by another method, we retain the ordinary
arrangement of pressers, but reverse their rotation so as to cause them to
revolve in the direction of the red arrows, Fig. 7, the bobbin also moving
in the same direction, but, in this case, as in the former, revolving at the
necessary velocity for taking the lead.
The next part of our Invention, (viz) 'an improvement upon our roving
and slubbing frame, "tubes," or "collars," for which Letters Patent were
granted to us as aforesaid, is shewn in Fig. 9, Sheet 6. In our former method
of constructing these, the tube a, a, was chambered out so to be of two
diameters, the spindle being caused to revolve against projecting parts;
according to our present improvement we construct the tubes of the same
internal diameter throughout their length, as shewn in the Figure.
Our other improvement upon our patent tubes or collars is shewn at Fig. 10,
Sheet 6. The spindle is represented at b, b, and, instead of being formed
parallel, is of diminished diameter at its upper part 6+, 6+, and has its support
in the tube or collar at c, c. The other arrangements of this, apparatus are
those described in the Specification of our Patent aforesaid, and will not,
therefore, require an explanation here.
Our first-mentioned improvement in crcels is shewn in the Figure of
Sheet 7. The bobbins are mounted upon the usual skewers, and in the
ordinary manner; but, instead of arranging the back row in a line one under
the other, as is ordinarily practised, we place one tier either in back or front
of the centre line of the others, as shewn at A, whereby we are enabled to
bring those represented at B, C, nearer than usual towards each other, and
thus effect a decrease in the height of the creel.
Our next improvement in creels is shewn at Figs. 1 and 2, Sheet 8, the
former of which represents a tube a, a, of tin or other thin metal, closed at
top, and provided at bottom with a flange b. This tube is to be placed within
the bore of the bobbin, and then slipped on to a stationary pin c attached to.
the required part of the framework of the creel, as shewn in the section of a.
bobbin so mounted at Fig. 2. The bobbin thus rests upon the flange 6 of the
tube a, which is suspended upon the upper end of the pin c. By this arrange-
ment we dispense with the top rail, necessary when the ordinary skewers are.
used, and attain a mounting productive of but little friction.
Our third improvement in creels is shewn at Figs. 3 and 4, Sheet 8. A

page_text: ransverse row of bobbins is represented at d, d, d, d, mounted one behind the
other upon a plate e, e, instead of extending upwards, as usual; and, in order
to keep the several ends from running in contact with their continuous
e, e, e. We have shewn this part of
bobbins, we apply a series of guide rods
our improvements in conjunction with that last described; they are not,
the bobbins may, if desired, be
however, necessarily so combined, as
mounted upon skewers in the ordinary manner, in which case a top rail will
be necessary.
Our improvements relating to card-making machines is shewn in the
several Figures of Sheet 9; and although the mechanical arrangement, the
application of which constitutes this part of our Invention, is well known as
applied to certain other machines, we will, in order that the samo may be
clearly pointed out, in the first place describe this separately, and subsequently
In Fig. 1, Sheet 9, a, a, repre-
a mode of applying it to our present purpose.
sents a wheel provided with a series of radial slots b, b, b, the parts between
each of which are formed as portions of circles corresponding to the periphery
of a disc c, c, which revolves in contact therewith. The disc c, c, carries a
projecting arm, to which a pin d is attached; and there is also a recess e
formed therein, for the purpose of allowing the projections which form the
On rotatory motion being communi-
slots b, b, b, to revolve within the disc c.
cated to the shaft f the pin d will be carried into one of the slots b, b, b, of the
wheel a, and bearing against the sides thereof will cause the said wheel to
turn upon its centre until it shall have moved so far as to have passed beyond
the action of the pin d; the disc c will then (continuing to revolve) move in
contact with the concave part between two of the slots b, b; but as the
tendency which such revolution possesses to turn the wheel a by friction of
contact in one direction is counterbalanced by a like tendency to turn it in the
other, the wheel a will be locked in this position until the pin d shall have
revolved sufficiently far to have passed into that one of the slots b. which now
occupies the place of that previously acted upon, when the like operation will
take place. Whenever, therefore, the pin d is not in action, the wheel a will
remain in a fixed position, and it is thus we obtain the occasional motion
requisite for changing the position of the working parts of card-making
machines.
Having thus explained our method of gaining the desired intermittent
movement, we will proceed to describe the Figs. 2 and 3, which represent its
application to a card-making machine of that construction usually called a
"sheet machine," in which we will suppose the working parts to be moved by
the action of a screw. The main shaft, provided with the necessary driving
B

page_text: pullies, is shewn at g,g. Upon this are mounted loosely two spur wheels h, i,
provided with clutch boxes j, k, capable of being locked alternately to a clutch
7 sliding upon a feather on the shaft g. Upon a short shaft m are fixed two
wheels n, o, the former being in gear with that shewn at h. The pinions i, o,
are in gear with an intermediate pinion p, mounted upon a stud affixed to the
framework. The clutch box is embraced by a fork-shaped lever q turning on
a centre at r, and provided at its lower end with a slot, in which is situate a
double incline piece s formed upon a lever t, attached to a rod,.and.capable
of rocking in centres. To this rod there is affixed a projecting piece it, which
at stated times is acted upon by the revolution of a wiper sliding upon, but
revolving with, the main shaft g, g, whereby the rod z becomes turned partially
upon its centre, carrying with it the lever t, and thus, through the agency of
the double-inclined piece s, causing the fork q to vibrate and slide, the clutch
box into gear with one or other of the clutches j, k. To the wheel'i are
affixed the pin d and circular disc c, for giving motion to and locking the star
wheel, which is shewn at a, mounted upon the ordinary screw.shaft w.
employed for traversing, the various parts of the card-making machine. The
operation is as follows:-According to the position shewn in the Drawing, the
clutch box has locked the clutch & so as to cause the pinion i to revolve with
the main shaft; the pin d, therefore, will cause the intermittent revolution of
the star wheel a, as described in référence to Fig. 1, and thus the necessary
occasional motion will be imparted to the screw shaft w, and through it to the
various ordinary parts of the machine.. The motion, we will suppose.to be in
the direction of the arrow, Fig. 1. At the. next revolution of the shaft g the.
screw to will have brought, the wiper within range of the piece u, which being
then struck, will, by the means before mentioned, turn the lever upon. its
centre, so as to shift, the clutch box out of the clutch k, and into that shewn
at j.. By this movement the pinion h will now be caused to revolve with the
main shaft, and the pinion i allowed. to run loosely thereon. This change will
effect the revolution of the pinions n and o, the latter of which will now,
through the medium of the intermediate p, communicate rotary motion to the
pinion i, causing it to revolve upon the shaft g in the opposite direction to that-
which it followed when driven direct by the clutch box 7; and then. the. star:
wheel a will continue its intermittent motion, but in a reversed direction, so as
to effect a like change in the rotation of the; traversing screw: w! It will be
understood that this reversing of the motion is to take. place likewise when the
working parts shall have returned to the other end of the machine; a projecting
part, similar to that shewn at u, being there also affixed to the rod, to .be
operated upon by a wiper on the opposite side of the travelling frame...We

page_text: ave shewn and described a certain method of combining our improvements
with other parts; it will be evident, however, that other methods may be
dopted, according to the construction of card-making machine employed for
the production of sheet or fillet cards
.Our improved, boring machine is shewn in the several Figures of.. Sheet 10,.
Fig. 1being a longitudinal view; Fig. 2, a cross section. taken, about.
the line. a, b, looking towards the right hand of Fig. 1. The driving shaft.
is at a, a,. upon, which there is, affixed a worm b, taking into the teeth of
a worm, wheel c. This wheel is mounted upon a sliaft d, and, carries at its
other end a spur wheel e, which, through the intervention of another, f, imparts
rotary motion to a longitudinal shaft g. Upon the shaft g are mounted two
worms h, h, driving worm wheels, i, i, each one being affixed to a, shaft j, j.
This shaft is provided with, pinions k, l, which take, into racks 1, 1, affixed to
theunder, side of two, headstocks m, m, capable of sliding upon V-guides..
formed upon tlie framework.. The headstocks m, m,. are constructed: so as to..
carry a series of boring tools m*,. m, m, and when moved forward by the
rack motion described, are therefore capable of causing a like number of tubes
or collars to be operated upon at the same time and, at both ends.. Upon the.
main shaft a there is mounted a pinion o, taking into a wheel p, affixed to a.
short shaft, turning in; bearings, formed upon a stationary leadstock r, and
upon that shaft are mounted a series of screw, wheels taking into a liké
number. of screw wheels's,'s, which are each formed upon spindles t, t, capable
of revolving in the stationary headstock . On..either side of the stationary
headstock is affixed a rest u, u,, which is mounted upon the bed of the machine
so as to be capable of sliding thereon, but of being fixed in any desired situa-..
tion by means of tightening bolts v, v.. The upper part of these rests carry a
bar w, w, (seen in the detached view of one of the rests, Fig. 3,) which is
jointed at one end so as to turn upwards upon a centre pin, but confined in the
position shewn in the Drawing by a bolt a.. Within the bar ware formed
mortices, into which are placed bushes y, y, and confined therein by set screws,
these bushes being provided with apertures through which the series of drills
m, m, m, attached to the moveable headstocks m, m, pass, and thus
become guided so as to be steadied during the operation of boring. The tubes
or collars. to be,operated upon, shewn at 2,2,2, are passed through a series of
chucks B, B, screwed into a similar number of the spindles t. These chucks
may be of any ordinary construction: The arrangement, however, which we
employ, will be: understood by referring to the enlarged views, Figs. 4 and 5.
A:ring of metal 1, 1, is mounted upon a conical-shaped piece 2, 2, and confined
in that position by means of. a. pláte 3, 3, and screws 4, 4, but is capable of
'

page_text: moving thereon. Upon the piece 2, 2, is formed the screw for uniting the
chuck to the spindle t, and through it, and also the plate 3, there is an aper-
ture for the passage of the tube or collar to be bored. The interior periphery
of the ring 1 is provided with two projecting parts 4; 4, formed excentric to
their centre of motion, and situate in a recess formed between the plate 3 and
comical piece 2. These excentric parts bear against the ends of two jaws 6, 6,
which are mounted so as to be capable of sliding in guides formed within the
piece 2. Upon turning, therefore, the ring 1, the excentric projections will
force in the jaws, and confine the tube, as shewn in Fig. 4; or a motion in the
other direction will bring recesses 7, 7, opposite to the ends of the jaws, and
allow them to separate for the removal of the tube. The plate 3, 3, is pro-
vided with a circular slot 8, 8, through which a screw 9 passes into the piece 2;
by tightening this, therefore, the projections 4, 4, and consequently jaws 6, 6,
are confined in any desired position. Thus it will be perceived that the tube
or collar to be bored is held firmly by the sliding jaws 6, 6, and from thence
passes through the screw and spindle t to the other side of the stationary
headstock, where it is in like manner secured by another such chuck. The
machine being put in motion, the series of spindles t, t, will be caused to
revolve, carrying with them the tubes or collars to be bored; at the same
time the headstocks m, m, will be moved forward by means of the racks and
pinions 1, k, so as to advance the cutting tools m*, and effect the required
operation. The wheels i, i, which drive the shafts j, j, are connected thereto
by means of ordinary clutch boxes, which may be shifted through the medium
of levers 4, 7, so as to cause the wheels i, i, to be disengaged from the
driving power; the shafts j, j, may then be turned by means of winch handles,
so as to withdraw the tools m*, m, from the bored, tube or collar. This
operation, it will be necessary to effect, first (when boring from both ends
simultaneously), on one side of the stationary leadstock 7, 7. The other
moveable headstock m still continues to advance, so as to effect the perfect
boring. We have hitherto supposed the operation to be simultaneously per-
formed at each end; if desired, however, one end may be first bored, and the
other headstock advanced to complete the operation.
Our machine for cutting the slots or cap bars is shewn in Sheet 11 of the
accompanying Drawings, Fig. 1 being an end elevation thereof, and Fig. 2 a.
front view. a, a, a, is the framework of the machine, and b, b, b, the driving
pullies, upon the shaft of which is mounted a bevil wheel.c, taking into a
pinion d, through which an upright shafte is capable of sliding, but causing
it to revolve therewith by means of a slot and feather. The shaft e has 3.
bearing in the upper part of the framework, and runs at its lower end in a.

page_text: bracket, which extends from a bar g, provided with V-shaped pieces which
slide in guides h, h. Upon the shaft e is placed a worm i, so as to be capable
of sliding thereon, but of revolving therewith by a slot and feather connection.
This worm is in gear with a wheel j, mounted upon a cross shaft, to which is
also affixed a spur pinion k, taking into the teeth of a rack 7 formed upon
the bar g, so that by the revolution of the shaft e (in one direction) the said
bar is caused to descend. To the boss of the worm i is attached a collar m,
and at either side thereof is affixed an upright arm n, which arms are con-
nected at top to an annular piece o, through which the shaft e freely passes.
Upon this annular piece is formed a projecting part p, beneath which there is
a bolt q, so as to retain it in the situation shewn, and consequently keep the
worm i in a position for driving the pinions j and k. The bolt, however, is
jointed to one end of a bell-crank lever 1, 2, and is capable of being with-
drawn by turning such lever upon its centre, so as to allow the annular piece
to fall, and consequently permit the worm i to slide upon the shaft e, and
thus be out of gear with the pinion j. To the annular piece o is also con-
nected one end of a lever s capable of turning upon a centre at t, and of being
caused so to move by means of a hand lever u and connecting rod v. At the
lower end of the shaft e is mounted a bevil pinion w taking into another, upon
the axle of which is a spur pinion a, situate within a jaw of the sliding bar g.
The pinion, through the medium of an intermediate, communicates motion to
a spindle 1, connected by gear to another 1, turning in bearings formed in
the bar g; and upon these spindles the series of cutters 2, 2, 2, 2, for ope-
rating upon the cap bars are mounted. The cutters are of two diameters, the
larger being provided with teeth upon their circumference, and also upon
their sides, for the purpose of operating upon those surfaces of the slots
denoted by 3, 3, 3, 3, in Fig. 3, which is a top view of part of an ordinary
cap bar for carrying the top rollers of a roving frame. The smaller are con-
structed so as to act upon those surfaces represented at 4, 4, 4, 4; they may
be formed separately, and secured on to the spindles in any required number,
or the whole may be formed in one piece, if desired. Upon the stationary
framework are formed V-shaped guides 5, 5, upon which is placed a sliding
table 6, to the centre part whereof is affixed a screw socket 7 connected to a
screwed shaft 8, upon one end of which is mounted a toothed wheel 9 taking
into a pinion 10, the axis of which is provided with a bevil pinion 11, driven
by the intervention of a shaft 12 and winch handle 13, by which arrangement
the screwed shaft may be caused to revolve, and thereby slide the table 6 upon
the V guides 5, 5. The axle of the winch handle 13 is provided with an
ordinary dividing plate, so as to determine exactly the distance to which the

page_text: table is caused to traverse. The cap bar to be cut is placed upon a block 1
affixed to the table 6, and secured in the position shewn at C in the Draw
ings, by means of clamps or other convenient means. The winch handle 1
is then turned so as to bring the surfaces to be cut under their respectiv
cutters, which will then be situate as seen in the partial plan or top view
Fig. 4. Rotary motion being now communicated to the machine, the shat
c will be caused to revolve, and through the intervention of the worm i. and
pinions and , cause the sliding bar g to descend, so as to carry down the
cutters 2 into contact with the surfaces to be cut, at the same time the
pinion w, through the medium of the train shewn and described, will cause
the cutters to rotate, and thus effect the required operation. This having beer
accomplished a projecting pin 15, affixed to the sliding bar g, will have arrived
in contact with the end of the bell-crank lever, and by causing it to turn
upon its centre of motion, will withdraw the bolt 7 from under the piece p
The worm being then no longer held in its working position, will run down-
ward upon the shaft e, so as to be out of gear with the wheel j, and thus, the
further descent of the bar g and cutters 2, 2, 2, will be prevented, and they
will be free to be carried up into their former position by a counterbalance
weight 17 attached to a lever 18, the other end of which projects into a slot
formed in the bar g. The winch handle 13 is now to be turned, so as to
cause the table 6 to move onward through a distance equal to a space between
the slots now cut and those next to be operated upon, the precise adjustment
of this position being determined by a perforation of the dividing plate
attached to the shaft 12. This change having been accomplished, the attendant
will depress the outward end of the lever u, thereby raising the annular piece
o, and with it the worm i, which being thus brought into gear with its wheel j,
is retained in that position by turning the bell-crank lever 7, 7, upon its
centre, so as to project the bolt q under the piece p. The bar g and series of
cutters 2, 2, 2, will then again descend and accomplish the cutting of another
set of slots.
..
In the Drawings we have shewn an arrangement suitable for cutting cap
bars, which are provided with four roller slots. It will be obvious, however,
that, if desired, more or less may be operated upon by employing a suitable
number of cutters. Instead, also, of employing them in two series, one. only
may be used, so as to cut the slots singly, or they may be of sufficiently large
diameter to operate upon slots corresponding to both ends of one set of rollers,
as at A; A, A, A, B, B, B, B.
i
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of our said Invention.
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, we claim, mi

page_text: Firstly, with reference to the devil or teazer, winding one
with intervening layers of cloth, after it has been operated upon by the
chine..
.
Secondly, in the scribbling or first-carding engine. Firstly, feeding such
achines by two or more laps of wool wound with intervening folds of cloth;
condly, the application of a roller to the surface of tlie taker-in, for the pur-
ose above set forth; and also we claim the application of this part of our
provements to other carding engines than those usually denominated
scribblers;" thirdly, removing the wool from the doffer cylinder by the
ction of revolving rollers; fourthly, the application of a roller to the surface
f the doffer cylinder, for the purpose above described.
Thirdly, in preparing laps. Firstly, in the arrangement of machinery
described in reference to the Figures of Sheet 3, the method of disengaging
he lap when wound of the required length; secondly, the production of a lap
by causing the material to assume the form of successive folds partly over-
lapping each other; thirdly, by causing the material to fall upon a travelling
surface placed at an angle to the axis of the doffer cylinder..
Fourthly, in the second-carding engine. Firstly, the application of a screw
or screws for giving motion to the conductor of that machine known as
"Brown and Walker's Feeder;" secondly, causing narrow laps, which consti-
tute a feed, to overlap each other at their edges as they pass into the carding
machine; thirdly, removing the material from "condensing carding engines "
by means of one doffer cylinder only, with rings of cards thereon, in combina-
tion with two or more stripper rollers.
Fifthly, in combing machines, removing the material from the combs by
means of a combination of concave surface or surfaces, and a roller or rollers.
Sixthly, in burring machines, the application of a combination of concave
surface or surfaces and roller or rollers, for removing the burrs.
Seventhly, in slubbing or roving frames. Firstly, forming the slit in the
leg of the flyer at the back or at the front thereof; secondly, in reference to
that principle of arrangement shewn at Figs. 3 and 4, Sheet G, causing the
flyer to revolve upon or within a fixed tube or socket; thirdly, causing the
lower end of the flyer legs to revolve in a slot or circular opening; fourthly
so regulating the motions of the bobbin and flyer in double-pressure arrange
5 ments, that that part of the periphery of the former which receives the mate
rial shall, in its revolution, recede from the point at which the roving is deli
vered from the flyer; fifthly, constructing our patent tubes or collars aforesai
of equal internal diameter throughout the length, and also constructing ther
suitably for receiving spindles of decreased diameter at their upper ends

page_text: sixthly, the arrangement of creel, described with reference to Sheet 7;
seventhly, arranging the bobbins for supplying a roving or intermediate
machine in series, the one behind the other; eighthly, suspending the creeled
bobbins of roving or intermediate machines upon stationary pins..
Eighthly, in card-making machines, the application of the star wheel inter-
mittent motion described.
Ninthly, in boring machines, an arrangement by which two or more tubes
or collars may be operated upon simultaneously at both ends, or at each end
alternately, without requiring an alteration of adjustment.
Tenthly, in cutting "cap bars," the employment of a rotary cutter or series
of cutters.
Tr
Enrolled the Twelfth day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-one.