IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Markham and William Knighton, of the
Staveley Coal and Iron Works, near Chesterfield, in the County of
Derby, Engineers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
Sealed the 27th April 1869, and dated the 13th November 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Markham and
William Knighton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 13th November 1868.
We, CHARLES MARKHAM and WILLIAM KNIGHTON, of the Staveley
Coal and Iron Works, near Chesterfield, in the County of Derby,
Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MOULDING PIPES AND OTHER CYLINDERS," to be as
follows:-.
For this purpose we employ a cylinder longer than the pipe intended
to be cast. This cylinder is fitted with two or more grooves running

page_text: parallel with the axis of the cylinder. Upon this cylinder we mount a
sliding head, this head being made taper or conical on the outside to suit
the solidity we intend to give to the sand in the mould. This conical
sliding head is fixed or attached to a strong cross head, this cross head is
attached to a screw, which screw is fixed concentric with the cylinder
and the moving head. The end of the screw is so constructed that it can
be readily driven by gearing situated below the ordinary floor line. This
screw is made to travel at such a speed that the loose head rises as the
sand is being fed in at the top of the mould so that the necessary
solidity will be given to the sand. When this loose head has been
raised to the length we require, or in other words when the length of
mould we require has been made, we then remove the cylinder with its
screw and loose head and take the mould into the stove and repeat the
process. The main cylinder on which the loose head travels is dropped
into a ring concentric with the gearing under the floor line. We prefer
to raise the cross bar with its loose head by a screw; it may be raised
by hydraulic pressure, that is to say, the cross bar may be attached to a
cylinder or ram, this cylinder or ram being lifted by the direct action of
either steam or water; or it may be raised by the means of an ordinary
hand or power crane.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles Markham and William Knighton in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 13th May 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, CHARLES
MARKHAM and WILLIAM KNIGHTON, of the Staveley Coal and Iron 2
Works, near Chesterfield, in the County of Derby, Engineers, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the 3
thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto us, the said Charles Markham and William
Knighton, Her special licence that we, the said Charles Markham and

page_text: William Knighton, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as we, the said Charles Markham and William Knighton, our exe-
cutors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom. of Great Britain and Ireland, the.
Channel Islands,. and. Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR MOULDING. PIPES AND OTHER CYLINDERS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Charles Markham and William
Knighton, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain. the nature of the said. Invention, and in what
manner the same was to. be performed,, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and.
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent..
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Charles Markham and William
Knighton, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to
say:
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for
moulding pipes and other cylinders. For this purpose to form the
exterior moulding surface we employ a cylinder longer than the pipo-
intended to be cast. This cylinder is fitted with two. or more grooves.
running, parallel. with. the axes of the cylinder: Upon this cylinder we
mount a sliding head, this head. being made taper or conical on the
outside to suit the solidity we intend to give to. the sand in the mould..
This conical sliding head. is fixed or attached to a. strong cross head, this..
cross head is attached to a screw, which screw is fixed concentric with the
cylinder and the moving head. The end of the screw is so constructed
that it can be readily driven by gearing, situated below. the ordinary
floor line. This screw is made to travel at such a speed that the loose:
head rises as the sand is being fed in at the top of the mould so. that the
necessary solidity will be given to the sand.. When this loose head has.
been raised to the length we require, or in other words when the length
of mould we require has been made, we then remove the cylinder with.

page_text: its screw and loose head and take the mould into the stove and repeat
the process. The main cylinder on which the loose head travels is
dropped into a ring concentric with the gearing under the floor line.
We prefer to raise the cross bar with its loose head by a screw; it may
be raised by hydraulic pressure, that is to say, the cross bar may be
attached to a cylinder or ram, this cylinder or ram being lifted by the
direct action of either steam or water; or it may be raised by the means
of an ordinary hand or power crane. We form the inner moulding
surface or core of the mould in a similar manner by means of a taper or
conical head, which being drawn along compresses the sand by the
amount of the taper given to it and so forms a moulding surface of
Figure 1 is a vertical section, Figure 2 a plan, and Figures 3 and 4
are horizontal sections of the apparatus for moulding the outside of pipes
arranged in the manner which we prefer and arranged to be driven with
steam power..
A, A, is a sectional view of the main outside casing or box, the top
of this casing is truncated or hopper shaped for the admission for the
socket of the pipe; B, B, is a loose foot piece for carrying the bottom
end of the inner cylinder, this bottom is fitted with conical recess C, O,
for at once bringing the inner cylinder concentric with the box;
D, D, is the sliding head moving freely upon the main cylinder E, E,
this head D is moved freely and slowly along the cylinder E, E, by
means of the screw F working into a brass nut G on the crosshead H;
this crosshead H is fixed to the conical sliding head D, D; I, I, is the
framing for carrying footstep J, J; K, K, is a large wheel for driving
the screw; L is a pinion working into the wheel K; M, M, M, are
three pulleys for driving the shaft on which the pinion L is keyed. In
working this apparatus the moveable cone is first set at its lowest
position and moulding sand sufficient to cover it is thrown in all round,
the screw is then put in motion, and as the cone rises sand is continually

page_text: thrown in so as to keep it covered. When the mould is finished up to
the conical part of the box A the inner cylinder E with all the parts in
connection therewith is lifted out, and if a socket be required a suitable
pattern to form the socket is inserted into the upper part of the box and
the sand is rammed in around it to form the socket; it then only remains
to remove the socket pattern and to dry the mould in the stove, and it is
ready for casting.
Figure 5 is a longitudinal section of an arrangement suitable for small
pipes; here the cone is slowly drawn up by a chain or rod passing to
suitable steam or hydraulic apparatus in place of being raised by a screw.
Figure 6 is a side view of the internal cylinder with the moulding cone
upon it. The letters on these Figures refer to the description already
given in respect to Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4.
Figures 7 & 8 are side views partly in section, Figure 9 a horizontal
section, and Figure 10 is a plan of similar apparatus for forming the
core or internal moulding surface. This contrivance is essentially the
same as the other. L is the core barrel or that for forming the exterior
moulding surface; K, K, is the traversing head with hopper-shaped
mouth for receiving the sand, sand is supplied to this hopper so as to
keep it constantly full as the head rises; J, J, are two guide bars with
a groove in each for the sliding head K, K, which sliding head is allowed
to pass up freely. When the sliding head is raised to the top of the core
barrel L we remove the concentric conical piece M, M, which will then
leave a space of suitable size and dimensions for the socket, and when
the ramming of the socket is being completed the two outside bars J, J,
which are mounted on hinges N, N, are thrown back at the top so as to
allow the core which is then complete to be readily removed. The
traversing head K, K, is fitted with trunnion bearings; these bearings
are attached to either hydraulic or steam crane or other contrivance,
and are by these contrivances slowly raised up the guide bars J, J.
O, O, are two spurs or struts for keeping the guide bars in position for
the time the core is being removed.
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention, and the
manner of performing the same, we would have it understood that what
we claim is, the arranging apparatus for moulding pipes and other
cylinders with a taper or conical sliding head traversing and compressing
the sand to the form of the required mould, as above described.

page_text: We also claim the general arrangement of the apparatus, substantially
as above described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Charles Markham and William
Knighton, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twelfth
day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-nine.
CHARLES MARKHAM. (L.S.)
WILLIAM KNIGHTON. (L.S.)