IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR PLANING AND FILING WOOD AND METAL
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Sanday, of Radcliffe-on-Trent, in the County of
Nottingham, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
APPARATUS FOR PLANING AND FILING WOOD AND METAL."
Sealed the 28th November 1876, and dated the 30th May 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Sanday at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th May 1876.
WILLIAM SANDAY, of Radcliffe-on-Trent, in the County of Nottingham.
"IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR PLANING AND FILING WOOD
AND METAL."
This Invention consists in certain improvements in the construction of apparatus
whereby the operations of planing and filing wood and metal at any angle, and
either longitudinally or transversely, can be performed by unskilled persons with
great facility, rapidity, and accuracy, the necessity of employing straight edges,
squares, or bevels, for guaging and testing the correctness of the work executed
being entirely avoided.
"
The foundation of the apparatus is a shooting board, the sole of which (and on
which the sole of the plane works) extends the whole width of the apparatus, and
has screwed or attached thereto a board to which the angle board or portion of
the apparatus to which the work to be operated upon is secured, and by which the
angles sought to be produced are preserved. The angle board is arranged longi-
tudinally with regard to the shcoting board, and works on pivots which run through
end angle irons.
The angle at which it is desired to set the angle board is determined by graduated
quadrants which are provided for that purpose, the same being fastened or held in
position by means of set screws. The angle board is provided with slots and suitable
clamps and clamp screws for conveniently placing and holding work in the desired
position. The plane is provided with planing or cutting irons, or with files or rasps
let into the same, as may be desired, and as will be well understood; and the plane is
constructed with a projecting face, which at the conclusion of the stroke comes into
contact with a face formed at the front edge of the board to which the angle board
is attached, care being especially taken that the two several faces are perfectly true,
as the accuracy of the work depends upon that precaution being observed.

page_text: For working right angles and angles cut transversely, or straight edges, the
apparatus is constructed essentially in a similar manner to that before described, the
angle plate or board being provided with a graduated quadrant fixed by a screw or
screws, and having the necessary slots and clamping and screw irons, according to
the exigencies arising from the nature of the work to be performed. A stop is also
provided for squaring the ends of the work, whether the same be in wood or
metal.
It should be mentioned that for working wood the plane is constructed in the
ordinary manner, with the exception that the iron is placed at right angles or
vertically to the sole.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Sanday in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 30th November
1876.
WILLIAM SANDAY, of Radcliffe-on-Trent, in the County of Nottingham.
"IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR PLANING AND FILING WOOD
AND METAL."
My said Invention consists in certain improvements in the construction of
apparatus whereby the operations of planing and filing wood and metal at any
angle, and either longitudinally or transversely, can be performed by unskilled
persons with great facility, rapidity, and accuracy, the necessity of employing
straight edges, squares, or bevels, for guaging and testing the correctness of the
work executed being entirely avoided.
The foundation of the apparatus is a shooting board, the sole of which (and on
which the sole of the plane or file works) extends the whole width of the apparatus,
and has screwed or attached thereto a board to which the angle board or plate,
er portion of the apparatus to which the work to be operated upon is secured, and
by which the angles sought to be produced are preserved. The angle board or
plate is arranged longitudinally with regard to the shooting board, and works on
pivots which run through end angle irons.
The angle at which it is desired to set the angle board or plate is determined by
graduated quadrants which are provided for that purpose, the same being fastened
or held in position by means of set screws. The angle board or plate is provided
with slots and suitable clamps and clamp screws, or other equivalent appliances for
securely placing and holding work in the desired position. The plane is provided
with planing or cutting irons, or with files or rasps, which are let into the same as
may be desired, and as will be well understood; and the plane is constructed with
a projecting face, which at the conclusion of the stroke comes into contact with a
face formed at the front edge of the board to which the angle board is attached,
care being especially taken that the two several faces are perfectly true, as
the accuracy of the work to be executed depends upon that precaution being
observed.
For working right angles and angles cut transversely, or straight edges, the
apparatus is constructed essentially in a manner similar to that before described,
the angle plate or board being provided with a graduated quadrant fixed by a screw
or screws, and having the necessary slots and clamping and screw irons or other
equivalent appliances, according to the exigencies which may arise from the nature
of the work to be performed. A stop is also provided for squaring the ends of the
work, whether the same be in wood or metal.
It should be mentioned that for working wood the plane, when that instrument
is employed, is constructed in the ordinary manner, with the exception that the iron
is placed at right angles, or vertically to the sole.
The foregoing is a general description of the apparatus which forms the subject
of my said Invention, but I will now proceed to refer to the Drawings hereunto

page_text: annexed, and from which the nature thereof will be more clearly understood, the
said Drawings shewing the manner in which I prefer that the apparatus shall be
constructed.
In Sheet 1 the apparatus is shown in clevation at Figure 1, and in section
at Fig. 2. In Fig. 1, A, A, is the angle board or plate shewn vertically; this
board or plate works on the edge D, D, and is made to work by the two
quadrants E, E, by which the board or plate can be set at any angle. The two
pins F, F, which screw into the angle board or plate and work in slots G, G, are for
the purpose of assisting to keep the angle board or plate firmly in the required
position. The slots G, G, are fully shewn in the sectional view, Figure 2, and are cut
in the plate G, G. The said slots are struck out from the centre H, which is the edge
upon which the plate works. The quadrants E, E, are struck from the same centre,
and are held in position by means of the handles I, I, which fasten the quadrants
by screwing through the pieces J, J. The edge D, D, is common to the angle board
or plate and piece K, K; a piece is taken out of K, K, similar to L, L. The cast:
iron piece K, K, is securely fixed to M, M, which piece, together with the piece N, N,
is securely fixed to a bench. The piece M, M, has the front face made as true as
possible, and may be of either wood or metal. The piece N, N, has a groove 0, 0,
inade to receive the filings and other refuse matters.
Figure 2 shews the angle board or plate set at 45 degrees; Figures 3 and 4 shew
parts of the elevation and plan of the apparatus distinct from the angle board or
plate, and which are used for the purpose of working either wood or metal longi-
tudinally or at right angles. The piece P, P, is a continuation of the piece K, K,
and may be made of any length. The piece Q, Q, is exactly similar to M, M, and
may be also of any length; at one end is fixed the parallel vice R, R. The
face S, S, must be made at right angles to the face M, M. Upon the parallel vice is
placed the piece T, T, which works upon the edge S, S, as a centre, and can be fixed
at any angle by means of the pin U and slot V, V. A second parallel vice is
shown at W, W, which traverses in groove X, X, X, X. The piece Y, Y, which is
only shewn in the plan, has the two slotted pieces Z, Z, at the bottom, let in flush
with the piece Y, Y, at the bottom, and acts as a parallel guide; it is set by means
of the screws 11. A section of the parallel guide is shewn in Figure 1; a T headed
slot is shewn at 2, 2.
In Sheet 2, Figures 1 and 2 shew the section and elevation of the plane necessary
for holding and working the file; Figures 3 and 4 shew two views of the plane
(without the iron) necessary for working wood. In the plane for metal A, A, A, A,
is the frame, in which is fixed another frame B, B, B, B. On the faces C, C, C, C,
of the frame works a sliding piece D, which can be raised or lowered by the
screw E, E, and to this plane is fixed the file F, F. The screws 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,
(represented by broken lines) are for holding the file and frame in position, and also
for regulating the file as to depth of cut; the face G, G, of the sole of the plane
must be as true as possible. The groove H, H, is made to receive filings and other
refuse matters. To the ribs M, M, may be screwed a small emery cake for smoothing
the work after filing. The face K, K, of the sole of the plane L, L, must also be as
true as possible.
The manner of working the apparatus is as follows:-In working wood, which
requires to be chamfered at any angle, the wood is placed upon the plate A, A, A, A,
and firmly secured by clamps B, B, the plate is then set for the angle required; the
plane must then be worked until the two faces G, G, of the plane and M, M. come
in contact, when the surface of the chamfer will be perfectly true; the same
process must be adopted for working metal, and a "file plane" used instead of that
for wood. For making parallel straight edges" (which is one of the most
important objects sought to be attained by my said Invention) the straight edge is
fixed by means of the two parallel vices, together with the parallel guide, and then
made true by means of the file plane, the two true faces coming in contact; the
straight edge is then reversed and the operation proceeded with as before.
making wooden straight edges the plane for wood must be used.
For

page_text: For making a true transverse surface at any angle the plate T, T, is set for the
angle required, and the work must be placed up to the vertical face of the anglo
board or plate T, T, and secured by the vice W, W.
It will be manifest that my said Invention is applicable to a variety of useful
purposes, such as the production of straight edges, glue joints, chamfers, transverse
true surfaces, and to many operations which are necessary in pattern making.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I would observe in conclusion that I
do not confine myself to the precise particulars or details herein-before mentioned,
inasmuch as variations may be made therein without departing from the main
principles and features of my said Invention, but what I consider novel and
original, and therefore claim as constituting the Invention secured to me by the said
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the combination and arrangement of
parts and mechanism substantially as and for the purposes herein-before described
and set forth, or any mere modifications thereof.
:
:
In witness whereof, I, the said William Sanday, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
WILLIAM SANDAY. (L.S.)