IMPROVE- MENTS IN BOOK-SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1885

page_text: We, EDWARD CHESHIRE, Machinist, and ELIZABETH CHESHIRE, housewife, both
of Cincinnati, in the county of Hamilton, and State of Ohio, one of the United
States of America, do hereby declare the nature of our invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BOOK-SEWING MACHINES," and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
- Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of our machine.
Figure 2 is an enlarged sectional elevation of the fore parts of the feed and
needle frames, showing them in the sewing operation in connection with the
shuttle.
Figure 3 is a front elevation from the feed end of the machine.
Figure 4 is a transverse elevation of the inner toothed edge of the feed carriage.
Figure 5 is a plan view of the upper working parts of the machine.
Figure 6 is a perspective view of the transverse bar from which springs are
suspended over the meeting point of the feed and needle frames for operation upon
the signature in process of sewing.
Figure 7 is a cross section on line x, x, Figure 6, showing the bar with a presser
and setting spring attached thereto, and a broken off portion of one of the teeth of
the feed plate.
Figure 8 is a plan of the automatic tension devices.
Figure 9 is a perspective view showing rear portions of the main and needle
frames and the device for operating the tension and take-up devices illustrated in
Figures 8, 10, and 11.
Figure 10 is a transverse section on line y, y, Figure 8, showing tension and
take-up springs together with their mounting plate and shaft.
Figure 11 is a transverse section on line y¹, y', Figure 8, showing another spring
tension-plate and its depressing cam.
Figure 12 is an elevation of one of the eye-blocks through which the sewing
twines are passed and guided from the feed balls to the tension and take-up
springs.
Figure 13 is a front elevation of the main needle frame, showing the hinged bars
thereon for permitting the lateral adjustment of the needles while threaded.
Do31

page_text: Figure 14 is a similar view of one of the "kettle" stitch needle frames showing
the twine take-up thereon.
Figure 15 is a plan of the preferred form of shuttle.
Figure 16 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of the same.
Figure 17 is a broken elevation of the lower end of one of the vertical bars for
temporarily locking the feed-table, showing also a transverse section of the driving-
shaft upon which the cam is mounted for operating said bar.
Figure 18 is a sectional longitudinal section of the preferred form of needle.
Figure 19 is a perspective view of one of the knives for slitting the ends of the
signature.
Figure 20 is a perspective view of one of the adjustable signature guides.
Figure 21 is a perspective view of the adjustable knife and guide-supporting
plate.
Figure 22 is an elevation of the inner end of either one of the shuttle race-
ways.
Figure 23 is a perspective view of one of the bumpers or presser-heads of the
feed-carriage, showing a bow-spring mounted thereon for guiding the shuttle thread
through the slit in the signature to the "kettle" stitch twine.
Our invention has for its objects :-
First To provide, in connection with a horizontally reciprocating needle-frame
a similarly operating feed-carriage, both being mounted and driven by power
mechanism within a suitable frame so as to advance toward each other, and, at
their meeting point, perform the sewing operation.
Second-To provide, the feed-carriage with a toothed edge or plate, upon which
each signature is placed, the openings or slots between the teeth forming receptacles
or harbors for the needles in the needle-frames.
Third To provide, a tension and take-up mechanism, for maintaining, at all
times, perfect control of the twines, fully hereinafter described.
Fourth-To provide, in connection with the main needle-frame, two alternately
reciprocating frames operating therewith and provided with needles to form the
"kettle" stitch.
Fifth To provide, a channeled needle, slightly bowed or curved upwardly com-
mencing with its fastening-shank and terminating near the eye-point, the eye end
being depressed or bent downwardly to form a dip therein, so that the point of the
needle on entering the fold of the signature passes through unobstructed and
without danger of contact with the leaves thereof, to deface or otherwise injure
them.
Sixth-To provide, laterally adjustable race-way frames, with an intervening
space to admit the feeding and sewing of various sized signatures.
Seventh-To provide, in connection with the feed-carriage, laterally adjustable
slitting knives at either end of the toothed edge, thereof, to form the opening for
the "kettle" stitch twines.
Eighth To provide, in connection with the feed-carriage and the slitting knives
laterally adjustable signature guides.
Ninth To provide, in connection with the feed-carriage, whose tenoned edges
slide in grooves in the main-frame, vertically tongued bars, which are thrust
upwardly into notches in said tenoned edges by cams on the driving-shaft, at the
termination of the forward stroke of the feed-table, to temporarily lock it firmly
in position during the sewing operation.
Tenth To provide, in connection with the feed-table, a transverse rod suspended
beneath the signature-fold edge thereof, to support the shuttle thread during the
passage of the shuttle across the machine.
Eleventh To provide, in connection with the feed-table, laterally adjustable
presser-heads, attached beneath the toothed edge thereof, the end or outer heads
being provided with springs which guide the shuttle thread into slits in the ends
of the signatures.

page_text: Twelfth To provide, in connection with the shuttle-race-ways pivotal lock-bars
which operate to temporarily hold the shuttle at the end of its stroke and prevent
its rebounding.
Thirteenth To provide, in connection with the shuttle-troughs, at their inner
ends oblique off-sets or shoulders and studs, which off-sets form receptacles for the
shuttle thread, to prevent its jambing between the feed-table and trough when
stretched between the shuttle and the piled up sewed signature, and the pins to
serve as positive stops for the feed-carriage.
Fourteenth-To provide, in connection with the feed-table, a transverse bar,
mounted upon the main-frame, and provided with laterally adjustable springs
which closely set the fold of the signature upon the toothed edge of said feed-table
and press it down firmly during the slitting and sewing operations.
Fifteenth To provide, in connection with the main needle frame, a hinged bar
or bars, supplied with open twine passages and attached to the fore end of said
frame, being suitably locked and adapted to be opened for the lateral adjustment
of the threaded needles for varying sized signatures.
Sixteenth-To provide, in connection with the kettle" stitch needle-frames,
upright bent arms or hooks mounted thereon, so as to overhang the sewing needles,
and adapted to receive one or more turns of the twines, and form a take-up for the
twine which is not at that stroke of the needle-frame to be inter-looped with the
shuttle thread.
A, A¹, represent the opposite side-frames of the machine, suitably united by
cross-ties a, a.
B, represents the driving-shaft, journaling in the side-frames, and having at one
end a clutch pulley b, adapted to be adjusted by a rod b¹, and hand-lever 611, to stop
and start the machine.
C, represents a gear-wheel, keyed to the driving-shaft intermediate its ends, and
engaging a larger gear D, on shaft E.
Shaft E, runs parallel with shaft B, in bearings on the side-frames, and is
provided at its opposite ends with cams e, which alternately drive the pickers F,
pivotally mounted in boxes at the base of the side-frames, as customary in looms.
F¹, are coil springs stretched between the side-frames and pickers to operate the
pickers when the depressions f, in cams e, come opposite to liberate them."
C³, is an eccentric, keyed to shaft B, and d, d', are grooved cams also keyed to
shaft B.
G, represents a reciprocating carriage upon which the signatures are fed into the
machine, and supported during the sewing operation. The opposite tongued ends of
carriage G, travel in guides g, at the top of the side-frames.
g¹, are ears on the bottom of the carriage table.
G', are links pivotally connecting ears g¹, with levers H.
Levers H, are rigidly connected at their lower ends with a rock shaft H¹
journaling in bearings h, on the side-frames.
I, is a central arm projecting from the shaft H¹, into the path of motion of
eccentric C¹, upon the shaft B.
J, represents a plate, composing the forward end of the feed-table, upon which
the fold of each signature lies, with one leaf lying on the table, and the other
suspended vertically.
j, are teeth on the edge of plate J, making it of comb configuration.
K, is a shelf, arranged above the feed-carriage in its retreated position, and
designed to hold the signatures to be fed to the machine.
i
The signatures are placed in an open condition on the shelf, with the back of
their folds upward, as shown in Figure 1.
L, represents vertical bars, arranged on the side-frames and sliding in clips L,
attached to said side-frames. The lower ends of bars L, engage cams l, keyed to
shaft B, and are provided at their upper ends with wedge-shaped tongues 1, which
enter notches cut in the tongued ends of the feed-table.. Bars L, effectually lock

page_text: the feed-carriage during the sewing operation and thereby prevent any longitudinal
movement thereof at the time the shuttle is driven across, thus obviating any
dislocation of the signature out of proper relation with the shuttle and sewing
needles.
Bars L, drop by gravity after the sewing operation, on the further rotation of
cams l, and permit the return movement of the feed-carriage for the release of the
sewed signature and the feeding of another.
M, represents a bar provided at one end with a knife-edge m, and at the other
with an upright arm m¹.
It is about centrally pivoted to a plate M¹, which is adjustably secured to the
toothed edge of the feed-table, in a position to bring the knife m, adjacent the fold
of the signature whose end lies upon it.
m², represents a spring attached to plate M¹, and bearing against bar M, to
return it to its normal position after its cutting operation, which will be described
hereinafter.
M2, is a rib, in the bottom of plate M³, fitting into groove N¹, in the face of
plate J, to prevent any lateral or torsional movement of the plate during the
operation of the knife-bar and to accurately and firmly set the plate in place."
N, represents a guide adjustably secured upon plate M¹, in rear of bar M.
Bar M, plate M³, and guide N, are arranged in duplicate at both ends of plate J,
the signatures being placed between_said guides with their respective folds resting
upon the toothed edge of said plate J, and over the knives m.
O, represents a horizontally reciprocating frame, upon which needles o, are
mounted.
o¹, o, are rollers on the side bars of frame O.
Rellers o¹, are mounted at the rear of frame O, and travel in slotted boxes O¹,
secured to the side-frames, and rollers o¹¹, are at the forward end of frame O, and
move upon tracks O¹¹, on the side-frames.
P, P, are two frames mounted upon rods p, within frame O, so as to reciprocate
therein.
P¹, represents needles projecting from both frames P, to form what is commonly
known as the "kettle" stitch.
Needles o, and P¹, are of like construction, and come into line on the forward
movement of their carrying-frames in the manner hereinafter described. The form
of needle we prefer to use is shown full size, in Figures 2, and 18.
It is very slightly bowed or curved upwardly a portion of its length, at Q, and
depressed or bent downwardly at its eye end or point Q¹.
q, represents a channel or groove along the upper face of the needle, forming a
receptacle for that part of the twine running from the shank to the eye, so that it
will not drop on either side of the needle to come in contact with the shuttle and
become entangled with the shuttle-thread.
The twines passing beneath the needles, from the eyes thereof, form a part of the
race-way for the passage and support of the shuttle, similar to the warp-thread in
a loom,
R, R, are vertical levers, pivoted near their lower ends to the side-frames, and
pivotally connected at their upper ends to the needle-frame O.
The lower ends of levers R, are provided with roller-studs which engage suitably
grooved cams d, d', on the driving-shaft to reciprocate the needle-frames.
R¹, R', represent vertical levers, pivoted intermediate their ends to the side-
frames, in rear of levers R, and pivotally connected at their upper ends by links r, r,
to ears 1,, on the "kettle" stitch frames P.
The lower ends of levers R¹, are provided with roller-studs which engage irregular
slots or gooves formed in cams r¹¹.
Cams, are mounted in opposing directions on shaft E, and engage said
levers R¹, alternately, to bring either of the frames P, forward to form the "kettle"
stitch, at one end of the signature,
,

page_text: The spaces between the teeth of feed-plate J, permit the entrance of the needles
on the meeting of the feed and needle-frames for the close working of the operative
parts of the machine,
S, represents upright, bent arms, attached to frames P, in a position overhanging
the needles P¹.
S', represent hinged bars attached at the fore end of frame O, and provided with
semi-circular notches s, through which the twines pass to the needles. Bars S¹,
when swung outwardly, permit the adjustment of the needles while threaded when
it is desired to sew longer or shorter signatures.
81, are temporary lock-pins, inserted through holes in lugs on frame O, and the
free ends of the hinged bars.
T, represents a transverse bar suspended above the meeting point of the feed
and needle frames, or, more particularly speaking, at the end of the stroke of the
feed-carriage.
T, represent presser-springs attached to bar T, by screws, which pass through
slots in the bar, to permit their lateral adjustment for varying sized signatures.
These springs are each composed of two limbs, one limb t, being provided with a
downwardly bent end against which the fold of the signatures in the advancing
feed-carriage comes in contact to snugly set the signature upon the edge of the
toothed plate J, and the other limb t¹, being sufficiently bowed or depressed to lie
slightly below the surface of said plate J, so that its pressure when over the plate,
will bear upon the signature and thereby hold it firmly during the operation of the
slitting knives M, and the sewing devices.
In connection with the sewing devices we provide a tension and take-up
mechanism for controlling the twines, the preferred form of which we will now
describe.
U, is a box suitably supported above the needle-frames, upon side-frames A, A¹,
and designed to hold the twine balls.
U¹, represents a recessed plate, mounted upon pillars U11, at the rear of frame o ;.
and u, is a transverse shaft mounted in bearings u¹, upon plate U¹.
V, are pendant arms adjustably secured to the ends of shaft u.
V₁, are coil-springs, attached at one end to arms V, and at the other to arms v,
on pillars U, as shown in Figure 9.
W, represents spring arms projecting rearwardly, from collars W¹, on shaft u,
and having downwardly and inwardly turned ends w.
w³, represent hook shape springs projecting from collars W¹, beneath springs W.
W2, represent spring-plates attached by thumb-screws to plate U³, adjacent
springs W, and w², are eyes in plates W².
W³, are cams keyed to shaft u, directly above plates W2, so that they may be
brought to bear upon said plates by the compression of coil-springs V', as shown in
Figure 11.
X, represents upright plates secured to plate U₁, in rear of springs W; and
X¹, are open slots or eyes in plates X, through which the twines pass from the balls
and are guided to springs W, and w¹.
X², represent upturned plates adjustably secured to the side-frames, as shown in
Figure 9, in a position to trip arms V, and cause a slight rotation of shaft u, which
raises cams W³, out of engagement with plates W³.
Y, represents a rock take-up frame centrally mounted upon pivots which journal
in pillars Y', in the needle-frame O.
Y³, are studs located in rear of the pivots on frame Y.
These studs project into irregular slots Y³, made in the upright Y*, on the side-
frames, and travel therein to swivel-frame Y, on its bearings in the reciprocations
of the needle-frames.
Z, represents a transverse platform or bar, against which the signatures rest
while the book is being formed. It is supported in position by ears z, sliding upon
rods 2¹, at both its ends and bears against coil-springs 211, mounted on said rods to

page_text: hold it in a yielding position for the accommodation of the sewed signatures piling
up against it.
Z, represent pendant arms secured to bar Z, and forming a back support for the
hanging sewed signatures.
Z2, is a vertically adjustable guage or nut on arms 7, for supporting the lower
ends of the suspended sewed signatures.
1, 1, represent laterally adjustable shuttle race-ways; and 2, the shuttle. Race-
ways 1, are arranged as customary in looms, projecting outwardly from the
side-frames with an intervening space between them, but they are mounted upon
angular brackets 1', which are secured to said side-frames, and adjustably attached
to said brackets by screw-bolts which pass through slots in the brackets. The
adjustability of the race-ways permits their movement inwardly or outwardly to
accommodate different sized signatures placed between them.
3, represents levers, pivotally attached to the race-ways 1, with one of their ends
passing through openings in the side-frames A, A¹.
4, represents horizontal bars pivoted by studs 41, to the race-ways intermediato
levers 3, and the race-ways.
Studs 41, fit openings in the sides of the race-ways, free to move inwardly or
outwardly therein.
5, represents the short ends of bars 4, and 6, the long ends.
Both ends 5, and 6, are provided with studs or pins 51, and 61, which project
through perforations in the race-ways a very slight distance beyond the inner
faces thereof, but sufficient for the pin 5¹, to lock the shuttle firmly in place after
it has passed either pin 61. The parts 6, of bars 4, being longer than parts 5, the
purchase on those ends caused by the presence of the shuttle after it has passed
either pin 61, is greater, and effectually holds the shuttle at the termination of its
stroke, thereby obviating any rebounding thereof, which would otherwise slacken
the shuttle-thread and lay it in an inoperative relation with the "kettle" stitch
twines.
This temporary locking device for the shuttle also sustains it in position for
receiving the full effective blow of the pickers.
7, represents oblique off-sets or shoulders at the inner ends of the race-ways;
and 7, are vertical pins adjacent thereto on said race-ways.
71, represent notches in the edge of feed-plate J, into which pins 7', rest at the
end of the stroke of the feed-carriage.
When the feed-carriage has approached its limit of motion against pins 71, the
ends of plate J, cover the race-ways and the receptacles formed by the oblique
off-sets 7, prevent the jambing of the shuttle-thread between said plates J, and the
race-ways, on its way to the sewed signatures which are piled up in book-form in
the rear of the race-ways.
8, represents a transverse rod or bar suspended beneath the edge of plate J, by a
series of presser-heads 81, 81.
This rod supports the shuttle-thread during the passage of the shuttle across the
machine and prevents its accidental dropping to become entangled with the
presser-heads or other parts of the feed-carriage.
The presser-heads rest against the hanging leaves of the signature during the
sewing operation, and the outer ones 81, are provided with bow-springs 9, which
serve as positive means for supporting the shuttle-thread and guiding it through
the slits in the ends of the signatures to the "kettle" stitch twines.
Presser-heads 81, 81, are secured to the transverse bar 10, of the feed-table by
thumb-screws which pass through slots to permit the lateral adjustment of said
heads for varying sized signatures.
The operation of the tension and take-up devices is as follows:―
The twines pass from the balls which are held in the receptacle above the needle-
frames, to the guide eye-plates ✗; thence beneath the free ends w, of springs W,
to the hook-springs wi; thence downwardly through the eyes w², in plate W';

page_text: thence beneath the ends of plates W₁, to the oscillating take-up frame Y, under
whose rear bar it passes, and thence through eyes in its forward bar. From the
take-up frame Y, the intermediate twines pass through eyes 8, in the forward end
of frame O, and thence through the needles to fastening hooks on platform Z,
beneath the needle-frames. The "kettle" stitch twines pass from the take-up
frame Y, to the upright arms S, around which they are turned, and thence to the
outer needles P¹, through them, and secured the same as the other twines.
In the advance movement of the needle-frames the twines are drawn out from
the feed-balls, and the proper tension exerted on them by spring-plates W2, which
are depressed by cams W³, on shaft u, and it in turn by the pendant arms V, and
the coil springs V¹.
On the backward movement of the needle-frames when the pendant arms V,
strike the plate ✗³, the curved ends w, press firmly upon the twines and the
springs w¹, are then depressed which allows the passage of but sufficient twine to
form the loops of the last sewed signature and thereby draws the loops taut.
As the "kettle" stitch is made at but one end of the signature at each stroke of
the needle-frame only one of the "kettle" stitch frames moves forward on the
slides within frame O. The other frame remains at rest in said frame O, and the
twine which passes from the take-up frame Y, to the needle, passes first around
the upright hook S, which takes up the slack therein, as it should not combine with
the shuttle-thread, and maintains the proper tension on it to prevent its becoming
loose or entangled.
When the "kettle" stitch is to be made at either end of the signature, the
take-up hook S, does not act on the twine or interfere with its operation in
connection with the shuttle-thread.
The operation of either of the temporary locking devices for the shuttle, is
caused by the pendant angular plate p¹, on the bottom of either of the advancing
"kettle" stitch frames coming in contact with the inner end of lever 3.
The operation of the knives for slitting the ends of the signatures is as
follows:-
The feed-carriage is moved toward the advancing needle-frame and at the instant
the points of the needles enter the fold of the signature, the upright arms m¹, of
bars M, strike against the transverse bar T, causing the knife edge m, to pass
through the signature fold and cut a slit of sufficient length to accommodate the
"kettle" stitch threads. The knives are then automatically retracted to their
normal position by means of the presser-springs m².
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. In a book-sewing machine, the combination with a reciprocating signature
feed-carriage, of a reciprocating needle-carriage, both carriages being mounted
within a suitable frame, in such a manner that they are adapted to advance
toward each other and at the point of meeting perform the sewing operation by
means of a shuttle and suitable driving mechanism, the said feed carriage being
retracted from each signature as soon as sewed, and leaving it suspended against
the previously sewed signatures in book-form, substantially as herein set forth.
2. The combination with the needle-frame O, of needle-frames P, mounted upon
ways or bars within frames O, and adapted to reciprocate alternately therein to
form the "kettle" stitch at the ends of the signatures, substantially as herein set
forth.
3. In combination with the feed-carriage G, of a toothed or channeled plate J,
adapted to support each signature in an open condition and to receive the needles
on the needle-frames between the teeth of said plate during the sewing operation,
substantially as herein set forth.

page_text: 4. In a book-sewing machine, the combination with the shuttle race-way, 1, 1, of
the compression or lock pins 51, 61, mounted upon bars 4, and adapted to catch
and hold the shuttle at the end of its stroke by the pressure of either lever 3,
brought to bear against it by means of plate P, on either "kettle" stitch frame,
substantially as herein set forth.
5. In a book-sewing machine, the laterally adjustable race-ways 1, 1, having a
gap or intervening space between them which is capable of being lengthened or
shortened to accommodate varying sized signatures, constructed in the manner
substantially as herein set forth.
6. In a book-sewing machine, the combination with the needle-carriers, of a
pivotal take-up frame Y, having rock-pins Y', which travel in irregular slots Y³, to
adapt it for simultaneous operation upon all the twines, and a series of spring
tension and take-up devices, one for each of said twines, arranged, constructed;
and operating substantially as herein set forth.
7. In a book-sewing machine, the combination with the sewing needle twines of
spring arms W, take-up hooks w¹, plates W2, and cams W³, mounted upon a shaft
provided with pendant arms V, and adapted to be operated for the forward move-
ment of the needle-frames by springs Vi, and for the backward movement thereof
by slope X2, substantially as herein set forth.
8. In a book-sewing machine, a needle composed of a grooved bar, curved or
bowed upwardly a portion of its length, and depressed or bent downwardly at its
eye end or point to form a dip therein, substantially as herein set forth.
9. In a book-sewing machine, the combination with the feed-table of the
signature slitting knife bars M, adapted to be operated at the termination of the
stroke of said feed-carriage to slit the signature, and automatically retracted to
their normal position, substantially as herein set forth.
10. In a book-sewing machine, the combination with the feed-table and knife-
bars M, of adjustable plates M¹, upon which the said knife bars are pivotally
mounted, and adapted to operate in connection with varying sized signatures,
substantially as herein set forth.
11. In a book-sewing machine, the combination with the feed-table, knife bars M,
and adjustable plates M', of the signature guides N, adjustably secured upon said
plates M¹, to adapt the machine to accommodate various sizes of signatures,
substantially as herein set forth.
12. In a book-sewing machine, the combination with the feed-carriage table,
having tenoned edges fitting in grooves in the side-frames, and provided with
notches, of vertical bars L, thrust upwardly into locking engagement with said
feed-table by cams 7, on the driving-shaft and disengaged substantially as herein
specified.
13. In a book-sewing machine, the combination with the feed-table, of a
transverse rod 8, suspended beneath the toothed edge of the table, and adapted to
support the shuttle-thread during the passage of the shuttle across the machine, to
insure its proper connection with the needle-twines and obviate any entanglement
thereof, substantially as herein set forth.
14. In a book-sewing machine, the combination with the feed-table of the
presser-heads 81, 81, attached beneath the edge of the toothed plate J, the end or
outer bumpers 81, being provided with overhanging springs 9, to guide the shuttle-
thread into the slits in the ends of the signatures, substantially as herein specified.
15. In a book-sewing machine, the shuttle race-ways provided at their inner
ends with oblique off-sets or shoulders 7, and pins 71, the off-sets being adapted to
form receptacles for the shuttle-thread to prevent its jambing between the feed-
table and either race-way when stretched between the shuttle and the piled-up
signatures, and the pins to serve as positive stops for the feed-carriage, substantially
as herein specified.
16. In a book-sewing machine, the combination with the feed-table, of a
transverse bar T, rigidly mounted upon the main frame, and provided with

page_text: adjustable springs T', t, t, which closely set the fold of the signature upon the
toothed edge of said feed-table, and press it down firmly during the slitting and
sewing operations, substantially as herein specified.
17. In a book-sewing machine, the combination with the main needle-frame O,
of a hinged bar or bars S¹, provided with open thread passages s8, and attached to
the fore end of said needle-frame, being locked in position and adapted to be
open for the adjustment of the needles while threaded, substantially as herein
specified.
18. In a book-sewing machine, the combination with the "kettle" stitch
frames, P, P, of upright arms or hooks S, each adapted to receive one or more turns
of the "kettle" stitch twines, and form a take-up for the twines which is not to be
looped with the shuttle-thread, substantially as herein specified.
Dated this 94th day of March 700k
EDWARD CHESHIRE.
ELIZABETH CHESHIRE.