IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING THE MORE COMPLETE COMBUSTION OF GAS, PARAFFIN, AND OTHER LIQUID HYDROCARBONS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Harrison Doty, of 15, Bury Street, S.W.,
in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, and George Graveley, of
29, Alfred Street, Bow, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR
PRODUCING THE MORE COMPLETE COMBUSTION OF GAS, PARAFFIN, AND OTHER
LIQUID HYDROCARBONS."
Sealed the 25th September 1868, and dated the 1st April 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Harrison Doty
and George Graveley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 1st April 1868.
We, HENRY HARRISON DOTY, of 15, Bury Street, S.W., in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, and GEORGE GRAVELEY, of 29, Alfred Street,
Bow, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS

page_text: FOR PRODUCING THE MORE COMPLETE COMBUSTION OF GAS, PARAPPIN, AND OTHER
LIQUID HYDROCARBONS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in forcing a current of air into a circular flame
of gas, paraffin, or any other hydrocarbon oil employed for illuminating
purposes at any desirable point of the flame above the point of ignition
in order to secure a more complete consumption of carbon and obtain
the maximum strength or power of light from the material used for
this purpose. I employ a lamp fitted with a burner capable of burning
paraffin and all other liquid hydrocarbon oils with a receiver for con-
taining the oil, and with a reservoir for supplying the same to the wick.
A series of tubes or cylinders (corresponding with the number of
burners) of different diameters form part of the said lamp; these tubes
are placed vertically one within the other, and uniformly brazed or
soldered at the lower end to a plate or disc in such manner as to leave
alternate air and cotton or wick spaces, the said air spaces being open
at the bottom and having a second series of moveable tubes or cylinders
passing through them, on the top of which are placed diaphragms con-
structed so as to form a flange which conducts the current of air both
toward the centre and periphery of the lamp, and the said moveable
tubes or cylinders are raised and lowered by a screw and pinion, or by
other well-known means in such manner as to inject a current of air
into the flame of the burning oils. A receiver for containing the fluid
to be supplied to the lamp is connected with the cotton or wick spaces
of the cylinders by means of a small tube passing through the bottom
of each wick holder, and the receiver is supplied with the liquid hydro-
carbons from a reservoir closed in such manner that the supply of oil
will cease when a sufficient quantity has been fed to the wicks. If it
is required to burn illuminating gas in the said burner, both the receiver
and reservoir for containing the liquid hydrocarbon oils may be dispensed
with, and the air-supplying apparatus, as described, connected to the
argand burner in any convenient manner, so that the current of air shall
be injected either towards the centre by the application of one cylinder
and flange outside the flame or towards the periphery by the application
of a tube and flange within the flame, or both towards the centre and
periphery by two tubes and flanges.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Harrison Doty and George Graveley in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st October 1868.
.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, HENRY
HARRISON DOTY, of 15, Bury Street S.W., in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, and GEORGE GRAVELEY, of No. 29, Alfred Street, Bow, in
the County of Middlesex, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said Henry Harrison Doty and George Graveley,
Her special licence that we, the said Henry Harrison Doty and George
Graveley, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
we, the said Henry Harrison Doty and George Graveley, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING THE MORE COMPLETE COMBUSTION OF
GAS, PARAFFIN, AND OTHER LIQUID HYDROCARBONS,"
upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Henry Harrison Doty and George
Graveley, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under our, or their, or one of our or their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Henry Harrison Doty and Georgo
Graveley, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had
to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings (that is to say) :-

page_text: This Invention relates to a lamp for producing the more complete
combustion of gas, paraffin, and other hydrocarbon oils, and consists
chiefly in applying flanges projecting both towards the centre and
periphery of the lamp at a convenient point above the flame in such
manner that a current of air is injected into the said flame, thereby
obtaining a most brilliant light, and ensuring the more complete com-
bustion of the carbon. A series of tubes or cylinders of different
diameters corresponding with the number of burners are arranged
vertically one within the other, and uniformly brazed or soldered at
the lower end to a plate or disc in such mauner as to leave alternate air
and cotton or wick spaces, the said air spaces being continued through
the plate or disc, and having a second series of movable tubes or cylinders
passing through them, on the top of which are placed the flanged rings
for projecting the air into the flame, the said cylinders and flanges being
raised and lowered by a rack and pinion, or any other well-known means.
The said cylinders have ribs either on the outside or outside or both for
dividing the air spaces into equal parts. The interior cylinders and
flanged rings may be dispensed with when required, and a tube passed
up through the central air space, the top forming a socket for a flanged
stem of any required size, which guides the air to the flame in the same
manner as the above-mentioned flanged rings, and which may be raised
and lowered in the tube by a rack and pinion, as before described. A
bracket for carrying the chimney also raised and lowered by rack and
pinion encircles and may be fastened to the outer cylinder, so that both
the bracket and cylinder may be raised and lowered together if required,
the said bracket having perforations for the admission of air to the
outside of the flame. The burners and disc are supported on columns
or otherwise resting on a receptacle for containing a supply of oil, the
communication therefrom to the burners being through small tubes,
some of which may contain the racks for raising and lowering the said
burners. The receptacle above mentioned communicates with a receiver
by means of a copper or other tube having a cock at its lowest part for
emptying it of its contents when required, which said tube may be
carried under the lenses of a lighthouse (when used for that purpose),
so that both the receiver and the air-tight reservoir from which the
receiver is supplied may be placed outside the lenses. The said receiver
is placed at a convenient height for the plentiful supply of oil to the
burners, and is self-regulated by means of a cock in the air-tight

page_text: reservoir, so that as soon as the oil in the receiver reaches the mouth
of the cock the flow of oil therefrom ceases, there being no pressure of
air on the top of the liquid in the reservoir to which the oil is fed by
means of a suitable cock placed thereon. If it is required to burn
illuminating gas in the said burners both the receiver and reservoir for
containing the liquid hydrocarbons may be dispensed with, and the
distributing arrangement, as described, applied to the burners in any
convenient manner, so that the current of air shall be injected either
towards the centre by the application of one cylinder and flange outside
the flame or towards the periphery by the application of a tube and
flange within the flame, or both towards the centre and periphery by
two tubes and flanges.
In order that my Invention may be clearly understood I will describe
the same with reference to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, in
which Fig. 1 is a section through the centre of the lamp; Fig. 2 a plan
of the same; and Fig. 3, the general arrangement of the lamp, receiver,
and reservoir.
a are the flanged rings for guiding the air to the flame, the said rings
being supported on the cylinders b, which have ribs on one or both sides
of them for dividing the air spaces c into equal parts, as shewn in Fig. 1;
d are the thumbscrews for turning the pinions, and e are the racks for
raising and lowering the wick holders f; g is the perforated bracket for
carrying the chimney h, which is raised and lowered by the pinions i
and racks k; is the receptacle communicating with the wick spaces
by the tubes m; k¹ is the tube forming the socket for the flanged
stem 1, which may be used when the interior cylinders and their flanged
rings are dispensed with, the said flanged stem being raised and lowered
by the thumbscrew m¹ (see Fig. 2, in blue). In Fig. 3, n is the lamp;
o, the copper or other tube communicating with the receiver
is supplied by means of the cock q from the reservoir 7.
P, which
Having now described the nature and particulars of our said Invention,
what we claim is,--
First. The improvements in means or apparatus for producing the
more complete combustion of gas, paraffin, and other liquid hydro-
carbons, as herein described and illustrated.
And, second. The arrangements for enabling the receiver and reservoir
to be placed outside the lenses of a lighthouse (when used for that

page_text: purpose), the lamp being inside, and the manner of conducting and
regulating the supply of oil to the lamp, as herein described and
illustrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Harrison Doty, for and on
behalf of myself and the said George Graveley, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of September, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
HENRY HARRISON DOTY. (L.S.)