IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ACTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF MACHINES FOR WINDING COPS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR HOLDING AND RECEIVING SUCH COPS WHEN USED FOR WARPS OR SEWING THREAD OR OTHER PURPOSES."
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Combe, of Leeds, Engineer, and John Henry
Smalpage, also of Leeds, Woollen Draper and Tailor, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ACTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF MACHINES FOR
WINDING COPS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR HOLDING AND RECEIVING SUCH COPS
WHEN USED FOR WARPS OR SEWING THREAD OR OTHER PURPOSES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Combe and John
Henry Smalpage at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 11th August 1862.
We, JOHN COMBE, of Leeds, Engineer, and JOHN HENRY SMALPAGE, also of
Leeds, Woollen Draper and Tailor, do hereby declare the nature of the Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ACTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF MACHINES FOR
WINDING COPS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR HOLDING AND RECEIVING SUCH COPS WHEN
USED FOR WARPS OR SEWING THREAD OR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The improvements contained in our Invention consist, firstly, in combining
an upright bar, carrying a weight, with a horizontal vibrating arm, made with
a forked end, carrying two friction rollers working between two collars on the
spindles or cop-winding machines, so that the downward pressure of the
weight acts on the spindle, but is independent of and does not revolve with
the spindle, as heretofore, which tends to cause vibration at high rates of

page_text: speed; and in connecting such upright bar with two treddles, so that the
pressure of the foot on one treddle causes the spindle to rise for the purpose
of pieceing a broken end, and a similar pressure on the other treddle causes the
spindle to descend for the purpose of doffing when the cop is wound; and in
connecting a perpendicular arm, projecting from the horizontal arm above
described, with a horizontal sliding rod furnished at the end with an adjustible
screw which acts on the stopping catch, so that the spindle can be caused to
stop at any point of its ascent during the winding of a cop.
Secondly, in causing the weight acting on the tension lever of cop-winding
machines to vibrato in the lower quadrant of a circle, so that an increasing
tension being given to the yarn as the tension lever rises, cops may be wound
from the bank with the constant drag, as now commonly applied to the swifts
which carry the hanks, and from the bobbin with a constant drag in place of
the self-acting drag, as hitherto adopted; and in arranging the stopping
weights in pairs and the carrying sockets of the spindles in sets, so as to pro-
duce a simpler arrangement and give greater facility for putting together and
taking asunder.
Thirdly, in combining with cop-winding machines a heated cylinder or
other surface, over which wet spun yarn or other spun material with dressing
applied to it may be passed and dried in the process of being wound into
cops.
Fourthly, in the construction of banks for holding cops of a series of shelves
cut out at uniform distances in hollows to receive the cops, cach hollow having
a glazed delf eye in front of it covered by a friction spring adjustible by a
screw for regulating the tension on the yarn as it is delivered from the cop,
and in making such banks in a series of shelves provided with upright pins,
on which the cops are placed, with glazed delf eyes, and tension springs
attached to cross bars stretched above the lines of these upright pins.
Fifthly, in the construction and use of boxes, made in a plain or ornamental
style, of card board or turned wood or other material, containing cells or series
of cells, for receiving cops wound of sewing thread or other spun material,
such cells to be used instead of the wood bobbins on which threads are now
usually wound, and such spun material to be wound in the form of cops
instead of balls, as in present use.
Sixthly, in the construction of 'cop-winding. machines in which the spindle
wheel is made with a socket in which the spindle slides and is pressed into
the cup with a spring, and the driving wheel has an excentric ring attached to
it acting on a lever, one end of which gives the traverse required to build the
cop, and the requisite drag is given by a lever pressed by a spring against the

page_text: bobbin from which the thread is wound, the end of such lever being acted on
by the pull of the thread as it is wound, and giving the action usually obtained
by the tension lever by being made to spring, yielding and recoiling to the
tension or slackening of the thread, such machines being chiefly applicable to
5 the winding of small cops for sewing machines.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Combe and John Henry Smalpage in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 11th February 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
COMBE, of Leeds, Engineer, and JOHN HENRY SMALPAGE, also of Leeds,
Woollen Draper and Tailor, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said John Combe and John Henry Smalpage, Her special licence, that we, the
said John Combe and John Henry Smalpage, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said John Combe and John Henry
Smalpage, our executors, administrators, and assigns; should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ACTION AND
ARRANGEMENT OF MACHINES FOR WINDING COPS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR HOLDING
AND RECEIVING SUCH. COPS WHEN USED FOR WARPS OR SEWING THREAD OR OTHER
PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said John Combe
and John Henry Smalpage, our executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under our or their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal
of one of us or them, should particularly.describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Combe, on behalf of myself and
the said John Henry Smalpage, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner. the same is to be performed, to be parti-

page_text: cularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof,
that is to say:-
The improvements contained in our Invention consist, firstly, in combining
an upright bar carrying a weight with a horizontal vibrating arm made with a
forked end, carrying two friction rollers working between two collars on the
spindles of cop-winding machines so that the downward pressure of the weight
acts on the spindle, but is independent of and does not revolve with the spindle
as heretofore, which tends to cause vibration at high rates of speed; and in
connecting such upright bar with two treddles, so that the pressure of the foot
on one treddle, causes the spindle to rise for the purpose of pieceing a broken
end, and a similar pressure on the other tredelle causes the spindle to descend
for the purpose of doffing when the cop is wound, and in connecting a
perpendicular arm.projecting from the horizontal arm above described with a
horizontal sliding rod, furnished at the end with an adjustable screw which acts
on the stopping catch, so that tho spindle can be caused to stop at any point
of its ascent during the winding of a cop.
Secondly, in causing the weight acting on the tension lever of cop-winding
machines to vibrate in the lower quadrant of a circle, so that an increasing
tension being given to the yarn as the tension lever rises, cops may be wound
from the hank with the constant drag as now commonly applied to the swifts.
which carry the hanks, and from the bobbin with a constant drag in place of
the self-acting drag as hitherto adopted, and in arranging the stopping weights
in pairs, and the carrying sockets of the spindles in sets so as to produce n
simpler arrangement, and give greater facility for putting together and taking
nsunder.
Thirdly, in combining with cop-winding machines a heated cylinder or
other surface over which wet spun yarn or other spun material with dressing
applied to it may be passed and dried in the process of being wound into
cops.
Fourthly, in the construction of banks for holding cops of a series of shelves
cut out at uniform distancos in hollows to receive the cops, cach hollow
having a glazed delf eye in front of it covered by a friction spring adjustable
by a screw for regulating the tension on the yarn as it is delivered from the
cop, and in making such banks in a series of shelves provided with upright
pins on which the cops are placed with glazed delf eyes, and tension-springs
attached to cross bars stretched above the lines of those upright pins.
Fifthly, in the construction and use of boxes, made in a plain or ornamentà!
style of card-board or turned wood, or other material, containing cells or series
of cells for receiving cops wound of sewing thread or other spun. material,

page_text: such cells to be used instead of the wood bobbins, on which threads are
now usually wound, and such spun material to be wound in the form of
cops instead of balls as in present use.
Sixthly, in the construction of cop-winding machines, in which the spindle
wheel is made with a socket in which the spindle slides, and is pressed into
the cup with a spring, and the driving wheel has an excentric ring attached
to it, acting on a lever, one end of which gives the traverse required to build
the cop, and the requisite drag is given by a lever pressed by a spring against
the bobbin from which the thread is wound, the end of such lever being acted
on by the pull of the thread, as it is wound, and giving the action usually
obtained by the tension lever by being made to spring, yielding and recoiling
to the tension or slackening of the thread, such machines being chiefly applicable
to the winding of small cops for sewing machines.
Having thus stated the nature of our said Invention, we will proceed more
fully to describe the manner of performing the same.
Referring to the heads of improvements above specified, firstly, Figures 1
and 2 shew a side view partly in section, and a front view of such parts of a
cop-winding machine as are necessary to shew the improvements included in
our Patent, and Figure 3 is a plan view of parts of the machine for the same
purpose.
In these Figures a, a, is an upright bar of turned wood jointing at the top
end with a pin into the forked end of the vibrating arm b, b, which forked end
also carries two small antifriction rollers, which work between a pair of collars
screwed on to the spindle, so that the spindle is made to rise and fall with
the rising and falling of the arm b, b, and vice versa. d, d, is a
treddle rocking on the round bar g, g, and having a forked end jointed
with a pin into the lower end of the wood bar a, a, which rests on tho
floor and carries weights c, c, as may be required, which, through the
arm b, b, resist the rising of the spindle, and give the necessary pressure to
the end of the cop during the process of winding. e, e, is another treddle
jointing on the round bar h, h, and made with an opening to receive the
upright bar a, a, so that by the rising of a, a, the pin f catches the sides
of the treddle e, e, and raises its outer end as the spindle rises during the winding
of the latter portion of the cop, from which, when finished, the spindle is then
withdrawn by the pressure of the foot on the outer end of the treddle e, e. i is
a perpendicular arm projecting from the horizontal arm b, b, into which the
end of a small rod j, j, is jointed, so that by the rising and falling of the arm
b, b, a horizontal motion to and fro is given to the rod j, j, which carries a
small pendant catch adjustable by a screw, so as by the rising of the spindle as

page_text: the cop is wound to throw off the stopping catch k, by which the heavy end of
the stopping lever- 1, 1, is allowed to drop, and the short end of 1, 1,
raising the sliding bar o, causes the cone of the spring clutch to be lifted
out of the socket, thus stopping the spindle and liberating the spindle wheel,
as represented in section in Figure 1, and as will be further explained here-
after. In winding yarn which requires much pressure on the cop end pro-
duced by the weights c, c, we fix a small flat spring, represented at t, Fig. 1,
to the top end of the spindle with a small tube, which slips over the top of the
spindle and prevents the spring from closing into its bed, and so retains the
cop from slipping off the end of the spindle. When the cop is wound the
small tube is withdrawn, and the spring closes into its bed in the spindle top
and allows the cop to slip off.
Secondly, in Figures 1 and 2 n represents a weight sliding freely on an
upright pin, and attached to a bell crank m with a segmental arm, over which
a strap u, u, rides, which is attached to the tension lever v, v, so that the
weight n acting on the lower end of the bell crank which travels in the arc,
shewn in dotted line, causes the end of the tension lever carrying a thread
guide of glazed delf to act on the yarn, being wound with a tension con-
tinually increasing as the tension lever rises by the pull of the weight n being
thrown further from the centre on which the bell crank m is made to play.
The effect of this arrangement in winding from a hank or bobbin with a con-
stant drag will be, that the tension lever will vibrate about a point in its
sweep where the action of the weight n will counterbalance the drag on the
hank or bobbin being wound from. In Figure 1 p represents the bearing for
the pivots of the swifts which carry the bank, which is partly represented in
dotted lines, as is also shewn a bearing bar over which the yarn passes when
the yarn is taken from the lower side of the bank. In case the yarn breaks
during the process of winding, the little slip of sheet iron r, Figures 1 and 2,
hinging on a staple attached to the tension lever v, v, will strike against and
throw off the stopping catch s, which, as previously explained, will stop the
spindle, and in case of an entanglement occurring in the hank, the tension
lever v being pulled over towards the spindle top will cause the little arm k,
also attached to the tension lever, to throw off the catch s, and so stop
the spindle without breaking the yarn. The manner in which the stopping
weights are arranged in pairs is shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3 in which
, w, is a piece of flat bar iron, one of which to each pair of spindles
is screwed fast against a ledge cast on the rail x, x; the two ends of
the flat bar w, w, are turned to a diameter equal to the thickness of
the bar, and receive a pair of stopping lovers 1, 1, one right and one left

page_text: hand, and these stopping levers are jointed to the sliding bars o, which
slide freely in the embrace of a casting y, y, screwed to the rail x, x, the
casting y, y, also carrying two projecting lugs, against one of which the top
end of the socket z, z, of the spring clutch is pressed by the rising of the catch
bar o acting on the lip of the cone a*, and withdrawing it from the socket of
the spindle wheel, into which it is pressed during action by a spiral spring
confined by the top and bottom collars of the brass socket or tube in which
the spindle slides. A small key passes through this tube, as shown at c*, the
outer side of which key takes into a key bed in the cone c*, and the inner
side into a long key bed cut in spindle, so that the rotation of the cone c*
causes the socket =, z, and the spindle to rotate along with it. The spindle
wheel e* revolves freely on the tube 2, 2, and in the socket 6*, which is, in
Figure 1, a section of one of a set of six, more or less, which are made in one
casting, which is screwed from the outside on to the rail ac, x, as represented.
Two of these sockets or bearings in each set have a projecting part &* cast on.
to which the covering plate f*, f*, carrying the pins for the weights n, are:
screwed fast. In proportioning the spindle wheel to the driving wheel we
have found the best result from using a spindle wheel with an odd number of
teeth, and making the teeth of the driving wheel four added to double the
number of the teeth of the spindle wheel. The following of this rule produces
a succession in the laying on of the coils of which the cop is composed, which
we have found most conducive to solidity and cohesion in the cop.
'
Thirdly, in Figures 1 and 2, f*, f*, is a segmental' plate of polished cast
iron, provided with a steam chamber, of which a section is shown in Figure 1,
and by means of which the plate f*,f*, is heated by the admission of steam
or hot water. Above the plate f*,f*, and opposite each winding spindle a
small cylinder of box wood turned in a series of grooves and running freely
on a small steel pin, is fixed as represented; and below the plate f*, f*, a
roller or shaft 9*; 9*, actuated by a train of gearing from the driving shaft of
the machine is placed as represented; and immediately before and under this
shaft g*, g*, a three-armed lever i*, i*, rocking freely on a pin is placed, one
opposite each spindle, and the upright arm of the lever i*, i*, carries a pulley
h* covered with leather, and is pressed against the roller g*; g*, by a spiral
spring attached to the inner horizontal arm of the lever i*, *; and pulling in.
the direction of the dotted line. in Figure 1. In connection with the pulley
*, i, is a small cylinder turned out in grooves similar to j*, and the outer
horizontal arm of the lever i*, i*, is connected with a band or strap, as shown
by a dotted line, with the tension lever v, v, so that when the end of the
tension lever is pulled down by the weight n the pulley h* will be pulled

page_text: away from the roller 9*, 9*, against which it is pressed by the action of the
spiral spring above described, and from which it receives motion. Steam being
adınitted into the chamber of the plate f*, f*, and a bobbin of wet spun yarn
being placed on the pin above, the yarn is brought down over the plate f*f*,
and successively round the grooves of the cylinders j*, and h*, as shewn in
Figures 1 and 2, till it is passed round the fifth groove of the cylinder h*, from.
wbich it is passed round the thread guide of the tension lever v, v, 'shown in
Figure 1, but not shown applied to this arrangement in Figure 2, and thus
with..a moderate extent of heated surface, a sufficiency of drying effect is
obtained. The roller g*, g*, is driven at such a speed as will draw the yarn
from the bobbin a little in excess of tho rate at which it is taken up by the
spindle; but the proper tension for cop winding is maintained on the yarn by
the descent of the tension lever u, v, interrupting the motion of the cylinder h*,
as previously described. In cases in which the weft being woven partially dry,
or for other reasons less drying power is required, we adopt a simpler
arrangement represented in Figure 2, in which n*, n*, are two glazed delf
thread guides fixed to the plate f*, f*, by means of which the yarn is caused
to traverse the drying plate three times, in which case it is passed under a
guide bar, dotted in in Figure 1, as in winding from the hank.
Fourthly, Figure 4 shews a back view of a portion of a bank for holding
cöps, and a sectional side view of the same, in which a, a, are the shelves cut
out in hollows to receive the cops. Figures 5 shew a sectional side view and a
plan of a portion of a shelf b, b, in which c, c, are the pins inserted in the shelf
and carrying the cops, and d, d, are cross bars which drop on to wire pins so
as to be removeable when required, and which carry the delf eyes through
which the yarn is. drawn from the cops. These shelves are made of any
required size and are arranged to slide into a frame furnished with ledges ono.
above another, which carry the shelves somewhat like a chest of drawers open
at the back, and may be placed at the back of the warping machine, the
dressing machine, or the loom. ::
Figure 6 shews three views, full size, of the tension spring and adjusting.
screw as applied to the cross bars of Figure 5; and Figure 7 is one view full
size of the tension spring and adjusting screw as applied to the arrangement
of bank shewn in Figure 4.
Fifthly, Figures 8 shew a plan view of a box and sectional clevation of box
and lid provided with cells to receive cops wound of sewing thread. a, a, a,.
are the cells, over each of which a small hole is made in the lid, through
which the thread is passed and drawn.from the cop as it is required, each hole
and cell being marked with a number to correspond with the number of the

page_text: tbread. The lid is attached to the box by a hinge b to keep the same holes
always over the same cells.
Sixthly, Figures 9 and 10 shew a front view of portions of a single spindle
machine for winding small cops for the shuttles of sewing machines, and a
side view partly in section of the complete machine. a, a, is the spindlo
wheel made with a socket, in which the spindle c, c, is made to slide, and is
drawn back by a spiral spring d, d, dotted in, confined by a collar h, fastened
by a pin on the end of the spindle. The spindle is flattened on two sides, and
the socket end made with an oblong hole to fit, so that the spindle can slide
to and fro in the socket, but must revolve with it. b, b, is the driving wheel
impelled by a band from a wheel not shewn, and gearing into a, a, and
carrying the excentric ring e, e, which by means of the little pulley fand tho
rocking lever g acted on by a spiral spring, represented by a dotted line, gives
the traverse required, the length of which traverse may be adjusted by means
of the screw and tightening nut carrying the roller f. j is the bobbin from
which the cop is to be wound, held in its place by a removable pin shewn in
dotted lines, and acted on by a tension spring i, i, through a hole, in the end
of which the thread is led in passing from the bobbin to the spindle. The end
of the spindle is split and opened a little for the purpose of retaining the cop
from slipping off during the winding; when wound, the collar h being pulled
back, the split end of the spindle will be overpowered and the finished cop
thrown off by the spindle being withdrawn.
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9 and 10, are drawn to a scale of three inches to the
foot; Figure 8 to a scale of six inches to the foot, and Figures 6 and 7 are
full size.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Combe, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Ninth day of February, in the year of our
Loud One thousand night hundred and sixte thro
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the said
John Combe, in the presence of
JOHN BLACKBURN,
Sol'., Leeds,
ARTHUR W. BLACKBURN,
His Clerk.
JOHN COMBE. (L.S.).