matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED DEVICE FOR EXPANDING HOOFS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th March 1876. A communication
from abroad by Charles Henry Shepard, of Elizabeth, in the County of Union, and
State of New Jersey, United States of America.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent. "AN IMPROVED DEVICE FOR EXPANDING HOOFS."
This Invention has reference to an improved device for preventing and curing
contraction of the hoofs of horses or mules, and it consists of a V shaped spring
secured by suitable devices to the interior of the hoof. This V shaped mainspring
is of steel or any other material having sufficient strength and elasticity, and is
intended to be secured in the cleft of the frog or cavity between the frog and hoof,
so as to act by its outward pressure on the shell of the hoof at the heel or on the
bar of the hoof, or both, as may be desired. The sides or legs of spring may be
slightly curved in the outward or inward direction to conform to the interior shape
of the hoof.
The mainspring is attached to the frog and to the hoof surrounding the frog by
means of lighter interior springs that are riveted or otherwise applied to the main-
spring, and by outwardly curved tapering projections or prongs at the extremities
of the V shaped mainspring that are forced into the bar or the bar and shell of the
hoof.
The light interior springs that press on the frog serve to prevent the point or
apex of the mainspring from dropping at the point of the frog while one or more
of the outer tapering prongs or projections above mentioned are forced when the
spring is adjusted by its pressure into the bar or shell of the hoof at or near the heel,
so as to prevent the mainspring from dropping at the heel.
The interior springs may be dispensed with when a greater number of tapering
prongs or projectiones are employed at intervals along the outer side of the
V shaped spring, as thereby the mainspring is set and securely retained in the hoof,
the prongs acting as supports in place of the interior springs.
The expanding spring may be applied to the hoof whether the same is provided
with a shoe or not, as its action is entirely independent of the shoe. The expanding
spring formis an exceedingly simple and effective device for curing or preventing
contraction of the hoof, as it attaches and embeds itself readily into the same
without giving the least inconvenience to the animal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC HOOKS FOR SUSPENDING ARTICLES OF CLOTHING AND OTHER OBJECTS, AND IN MEANS OF ATTACHING THE SAME TO THEIR SUPPORTS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John James Nickoll at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st March 1876.
JOHN JAMES NICKOLL, of Number 36, Saint Mary Axe, in the City of London.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC HOOKS FOR SUSPENDING
ARTICLES OF CLOTHING AND OTHER OBJECTS, AND IN MEANS OF ATTACHING THE
SAME TO THEIR SUPPORTS."
The first part of my Invention consists in manufacturing hooks by bending
single pieces of wire into certain peculiar forms so as to obtain suitable parts
whereby to attach them to the object supporting them at the same time that the
parts intended to support the article or articles to be suspended to them may be
adapted to suit various requirements. The same effect may be obtained by soldering
or otherwise uniting together two or more pieces of wire or other metallic rods or
strips.
The second part of my Invention consists in means of attaching the hooks
manufactured in accordance with the first part of the Invention to their supports.
To effect this I employ a strip of canvass, leather, or other suitable flexible material,
provided with holes or cyclets through which the said hooks are passed or fastened,
the said hooks being provided with suitable shoulders or stops to retain them in
such holes. The canvass or other flexible strip may be attached to the support
when the latter will allow of it by means of nails or screws, or when, as in the case
of tents and the like, the support is also flexible; the strip may be sewn thereto or
attached by hooks and eyes, or by screwed studs and nuts, or other convenient
means.
This Invention is specially applicable where portability is required; as, for
example, in military tents, ships' cabins, carriages, and the like.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ELASTIC FABRICS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Hodges at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th August 1876.
FRANK HODGES, of Leicester, in the County of Leicester, Elastic Web Manu-
facturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ELASTIC FABRICS."
This Invention has for its object the fastening securely in the fabric the threads
of india-rubber which according to the present mode of weaving lie in straight
lines in the centre of the fabric, and are therefore liable to draw themselves into
the web
In order to accomplish my mode of manufacture I use a loom with one or more
tiers of shuttles, and I draw in the rubber threads alternately or otherwise, as
afterwards described, upon two or more shafts, or their equivalents, so that part of
the rubber threads may be raised or depressed at suitable times in the process of
weaving.
For the purpose of explanation of one of my methods I will suppose there are
two shafts, numbered 1 and 2 respectively, and that the rubber threads are drawn
in alternately on the one and then on the other. No. 1 shaft is raised or depressed,
cariying part of the rubber threads with it, allowing the weft thread or threads to
pass over or under them as the case may be, while No. 2 shaft with the other part
of the rubber thread remains in the centre of the web; No. 1 shaft then comes to
the centre of the web, and both shafts remain together for any desired number of
shoots of the weft. The same movements then take place, commencing with No. 2
shaft, these movements being repeated as the weaving proceeds.
I do not bind myself to the crossing of the rubber threads on one side of the
fabric only, but if desired they may be carried into the upper and the lower parts
of the shed, whereby they are interwoven and fastened with warp and weft into
both sides of the fabric.
I also vary the form and manner of drawing in the rubber threads by drawing
in two or more together on each shaft, and of passing one or more shoots of weft
between then at each change of the shafts. By this means the rubber threads are
crossed at suitable intervals and fastened by interweaving with the weft and warp
threads of the fabric without detriment to the elasticity of the rubber threads, as
ו…..מ

page_text: they lie mainly in straight lines as in the old manner of weaving, but at short
intervals are securely fastened into one or both sides of the fabric. This method
enables the workman to produce as much work as in the old manner of weaving,
as it is made on an ordinary loom with the addition of one or more shafts, or their
equivalents, for the purpose of dividing the rubber threads into sets.
E
BRACES OR SUSPENDERS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Harvey Fisk Snow at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th May 1876.
HARVEY FISK SNow, of Alderinanbury, in the City of London.
IN BRACES OR SUSPENDERS."
"IMPROVEMENTS
This Invention relates to certain improvements in braces or suspenders, whereby
less strain will be felt by the wearer when sitting or stooping than when standing.
The following is the inanner:-I propose to make braces or suspenders according
to my said Invention. The braces are composed of webbings two of which are
attached to two of the front buttons of the trousers by means of button straps fixed
to the webbings by suitable loops. These webbings pass over the shoulders and are
each attached to one side of triangular loops, to which are fixed two other webbings
furnished with loops and button straps, which pass under the arms of the wearer
and take hold of the other two front buttons of the trousers. To the triangular
loops aforesaid is attached a cross webbing which unites across the back the
webbings above described and from which depend two vertical webbings furnished
with loops and button straps which take hold of the two back buttons of the
trousers.
Regulating buckles are provided at every one of the above webbings, the object
of which is to adjust the braces or suspenders to the wearer. It will be found that
greater comfort and ease is obtained by the use of the above described braces or
suspenders, than by those now in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING OR SHEARING METAL PLATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard James Hutchings at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th September 1876.
RICHARD JAMES HUTCHINGS, of Treforest, in the County of Glamorgan, South
Wales. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING OR SHEARING METAL
PLATES."
The object of this Invention is to provide machinery for cutting metal plates to
any particular desired size whether in breadth or length, and the Invention is
particularly applicable for cutting those metal plates known in the trade as black
plates, and used in the manufacture of tin and terne plates, but the Invention is
also applicable for cutting metal plates to be used for other purposes.
Heretofore "black plates" have had their edges trimmed off and cut to the
required size by means of shears or revolving cutters, and the plates have been
turned round and held in the required position by hand, and skilled workmen have
been employed for the purpose of doing the work, whereas by my Invention I am
enabled if desired to dispense with skilled workmen altogether, and the plates are
at the same time cut with greater accuracy than heretofore.
The means for carrying this Invention into effect consist of a machine provided
with two sets of knives or shears arranged above the table supporting the plate or
plates to be cut and trimmed The edges of these knives or shears may be either
curved or straight, and the motion imparted to them may be either of a rotatory or
a reciprocating nature, or may partake of both Those knives or shears whose duty
it is to trim the edges of the plates and cut them into lengths are arranged so as to be
easily adjustable at certain distances apart corresponding to the required breadth of
plate The knife or knives for cutting the plates into lengths are arranged at right
angles to the before-mentioned set, and I prefer that they should receive an up-and-
dowa motion, and that their action should be rendered automatic by the end of the
plate just cut coming into contact with a stop or lever, so as to shift the motion
from the side knife or set of knives to the cross cutters; a spring, cam, or balance
weight may be employed to shift the motion to the side knives again when the cross
cut has been effected.
The table for carrying the plates is also rendered automatic in its movements, and
the plates as cut may be either removed by hand, or may be allowed to drop into a
box or receptacle placed to receive them.

page_text: As has been already said the side knives, which may be of any number, may be
adjusted to any distance apart, and similarly the travel of the table may be so
regulated as to produce any length of plate desired.
Instead of employing a travelling table as already described, the plates may be-
moved forward upon a stationary table by means of rollers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDROMETERS, SALINOMETERS, AND OTHER SIMILAR INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Louis Guanziroli at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th June 1876.
JOHN LOUIS GUANZIROLI, of the Firm of E. Cetti & Com³., Barometer Makers,
of Brooke Street, Holborn, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HYDROMETERS, SALINOMETERS, AND OTHER SIMILAR INSTRUMENTS."
This Invention relates to an improved method of fixing and protecting the indi-
cating scales of hydrometers, salinometers, and other similar instruments. For this
purpose the scale figures and characters are first cut in the ordinary manner upon
the outer surface of a tube of opaque white glass, and then filled in with chemical
black or other color. The scale thus prepared is then inclosed in the transparent stem
of the hydrometer, and hermetically sealed at the top end. By this means the
scale and reading is permanently fixed and protected from obliteration when in use,
being especially applicable to salinomoters and high temperature hydrometers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAMWAYS, TRAMWAY CARS, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE THEREWITH, PARTS OF PURPOSES." WHICH ARE ΤΟ OTHER
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Barclay at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th January 1876.
WILLIAM. BARCLAY, of Kilmarnock, in the County of Ayr, North Britain.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAMWAYS, TRAMWAY CARS, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED
IMPROVEMENTS
APPLICABLE
THEREWITH, PARTS OF
PURPOSES."
WHICH
ARE
ΤΟ OTHER
This Invention has for its object improvements in making the cars pass from one
line of rails on to another, and also the reduction of friction in passing round curves.
One part of the Invention consists in the application of a set of cranks and levers
so arranged in connection with the tram rails and off set switches or points that by
lowering a bar or lever by a handle from either side of the car while in motion before
it arrives at the points or off-set, so that this bar or lever comes in contact with
and so actuates the before-mentioned cranks or levers as to shift the points or
switches to the position required to cause or make the car to pass from one line of
rails on to anotlier in the direction required without the driver or guard requiring
to leave the car, or without requiring to slue the axles or wheels for that purpose.
Another part of my improvements consists in the application of a piston and
cylinder actuated by hydraulic pressure, the cylinder being attached to the body or
foot platform of the car, and the piston in connection with a bogie or slueing
handle, and steam handles for the purpose of slueing the bogie or axles when
entering or passing round curves for the purpose of saving friction when slueing
bogies or axles are used.
The afore-mentioned improvements are also applicable to railways and analogous
purposes.
In the case of a steam tramway car arriving at the foot of an incline the exhaust
steam is, under the improvements constituting this Invention, allowed to escape
from the cylinders into the water tank until the car arrives at the summit, where it
may again be turned so as to exhaust into the atmosphere, thus saving the noise
due to the exhaust of full steam when on the incline, or the exhaust steam may be
allowed to accumulate in a chamber, from which it is afterwards allowed to escape,
or in case the pressure be sufficient it may be allowed to drive the car on an after
level or partially level part of the line.
Another part of the Invention consists in attaching a scraper and one or more
revolving brushes either in front or back of the car, and driven by a band from one
of the main axles or wheels, which can be lowered when required for the purpose of
cleaning the grooves of the rails, switches, and points.
AN IMPROVED PLATE WARMER AND REFRIGERATOR
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philip Liddicott at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th July 1876.
PHILIP LIDDICOTT, of Muswell Hill, in the County of Middlesex. "AN IMPROVED
PLATE WARMER AND REFRIGERATOR."
This Invention has for its object the production of apparatus for the use of
butlers and others for expeditiously heating or warming plates, side dishes,
pastry, or the like, and providing a supply of hot water for table use; or the
apparatus may be used for refrigerating or cooling purposes.
A box or case mounted on a stand or otherwise is lined with sheet metal, and
is divided into four compartments, one of which serves as a tank for hot water
when the apparatus is used for heating purposes, or cold water, ice, or refrigerating
compound when the apparatus is employed as a refrigerator; a second compartment
fitted with removable fluted fillets serving to hold the plates or articles to be
warmed or cooled; a third compartment of shallower dimensions serves as a strainer
for the plates; and a fourth compartment arranged beneath the last named shallow
compartment is fitted with a door, and constitues a closed hot or cold receptacle.
Between the second and third mentioned compartments is a double partition, and
at the top of said partition is hinged a rack which is free to be turned on its hinge
to cover either the second or third compartiment, and may be used as a strainer or
plate rack. Pipes lead from the several compartments, and are fitted with taps to
draw off the contents or waste waters, and heat is given from a lamp or gas
arranged beneath the apparatus.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND FITTINGS OF WATERCLOSETS, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS APPLICABLE TO SINKS AND BATH DRAINS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Churchill at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th October 1876.
FREDERICK CHURCHILL, M.D., of Brompton, in the County of Middlesex. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND FITTINGS OF WATERCLOSETS, PART OF
WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS APPLICABLE TO SINKS AND BATH DRAINS."
The chief object of this Invention is to prevent sewer gases which escape
through soil and other pipes from entering houses and injuring the health of their
inhabitants.
In constructing and fitting up a watercloset according to my Invention I make
in place of the ordinary closet seat an air chamber which connects by a trap below
with the soil pipe, and by means of a grating, louvres, or their equivalent com-
municates with the open air. In an opening made in the top of this chamber I fit
the basin, making the joint air-tight, and over this I place the closet seat, which
may be hinged to allow of its being raised when slops are required to be poured
into the basin. The discharge opening of this basin will be closed as usual with a
valve or metal pan, which when tilted will discharge the contents into a conical
conductor that dips into or forms part of the trap of the soil pipe. The upper edge
of this conical conductor will be flush with the floor of the air chamber, which I
propose to concrete or asphalte, giving it the requisite inclination towards the soil
pipe for ensuring the draining off of any overflow of water that may occur.
air chamber thus interposed between the house and the soil pipe will ensure the
discharge into a free current of air of any gases that may pass the D or other trap
of the soil pipe. This arrangement I propose to apply to sinks and to bath-rooms
instead of relying as at present on the action of the trap for security against the
indraught of noxious gases.
The
I propose also further to effect the instant and silent removal from the closet
basin of the solid excrement discharged therein, and thereby to prevent the exhala-
tions therefrom entering the house. For this purpose an opening is made in the
side of the basin at what may be termed the water level, and a bent pipe con-
necting therewith leads down and discharges into the conical conductor.
addition to the ordinary water supply I provide the lower part of the basin with a
jet, which being turned on while the closet is in use will cause the water to rise
Price 1
In

page_text: silently and carry off the solid excrement by the opening in the side of the basin,
The remaining contents of the basin will be discharged as heretofore.
I further propose to keep the trap charged with a liquid disinfectant to act upon
any excrement that may adhere thereto after the discharge of the closet, and to
disinfect any gases that may rise or be forced through the trap at or in the interval 5
of flushing.
IMPROVED PROCESS FOR PREPARING FARINACEOUS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES AS ARTICLES FOR FOOD."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Lockie at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th August 1876
"AN
GEORGE LOCKIE, of Buckhurst Hill, in the County of Essex, Merchant.
IMPROVED PROCESS FOR PREPARING FARINACEOUS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES AS
ARTICLES FOR FOOD."
It is well known that rice, wheat, maize, and other grains or seeds from which
starch is made contain not only starchy matters but other valuable substances,
which although they cannot be converted into starch may (when prepared in the
manne hereafter explained) be used as articles of food
By a process recently invented starch is obtained from rice by a mechanical
operation without the use of alkalies or other chemical agents such as are usually
employed. When as much of the starch as can be conveniently obtained has been
separated from the gluten there still remains some starch combined with the latter.
The residuum thus obtained from the manufacture of starch instead of being
injured is greatly improved in its nutritive properties (as compared with the original
seed or grain) by the removal of the greater part of the starch, the retention of a
portion of the starchy matters being no objection to its use for the purposes of my
Invention. With this substance I propose to mix milk and sugar and evaporate
the water from the mass until the solid matters become so dry that they may be
ground up into a powder.
In carrying out my Invention I use either fresh milk or condensed milk such as is
now prepared in Switzerland and sold in this country in tins.
When fresh milk is used I take 56 gallons of milk and add thereto 1 cwt. of
sugar and 1 cwt. of the farinaceous substances above referred to, and which may be
used in the wet or dry state. Other farinaceous substances (after the extraction of
a portion of the starch therefrom) may be used if desired, and when the ingredients
have been well mixed they may be dried by means of a slow fire and then ground
to a fine powder, in which form it is ready for sale or use to produce a farinaceous
food. When mixed with a suitable quantity of water and boiled for a short time
this farinaceous preparation will make a wholesome, nutritious, and palatable food,
suitable for invalids or infants.
When Swiss or condensed milk is used for the purpose of my Invention I add 56 lbs.
by weight of it to every hundredweight of the farinaceous substance, which may be

page_text: used in its wot state as it comes from starch manufacture. No sugar is required as
this ingredient is largely used in the preparation of the condensed milk. The pasty
mass thus produced must be dried and ground as in the other instance and then
packed up in suitable close vessels so as to prevent it from being affected by
the air.
•
AN IMPROVED CROTCHET HOOK
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Banks at the Office of tho
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th May 1876.
THOMAS BANKS, of Redditch, in the County of Worcester, Needle Manufacturer.
"AN IMPROVED CROTCHET HOOK."
My improved crotchet hook is so contrived that it is furnished with a double
ended needle, that is to say, a slide working in the handle is attached to the needle
about midway, and thus this is caused to slide in such a manner that the one end
of the needle being projected beyond one end of the handle, the other or opposite
end will be contained within the handle, and similarly when this last-mentioned
end of the needle is projected beyond its end of the handle, the first-named end of
the needle will be within the handle.
It is intended that one of the needles shall be of larger size than the other, so
that either may be used at pleasure as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VARNISHES FOR WOOD, IRON, AND OTHER MATERIALS, AND IN THE MACHINERY FOR AND METHOD OF APPLYING IT
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Morgan-Brown at the Office
.
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th August 1870. A communication
from abroad by Edward Kunkler, of Lenzburg, Switzerland, Gentleman.
WILLIAM MORGAN-BROWN, of the Firm of Brandon and Morgan-Brown, Engineers
and Patent Agents, of 38, Southampton Buildings, London, and 13, Rue Gaillon,
Paris. "IMPROVEMENTS IN VARNISHES FOR WOOD, IRON, AND OTHER MATERIALS,
AND IN THE MACHINERY FOR AND METHOD OF APPLYING IT."
This Invention of improvements in varnishes for wood, iron, and other materials,
and in the machinery for and method of applying it consists in,-
Firstly. The varnish which is composed of alcohol, either pure or methylated,
wood spirit, or similar alcoholic substance, resin, shell-lac, in the proportions of

page_text: i.e., indifferent to the action of alcohols, steam, or the other ingredients or agents
named above.
Secondly. In the machinery for and method of applying the varnish employ
a stove made of a conical or cylindrical form, fed in the interior of the cone with
anthracite or other suitable fuel, the fuel burning at the bottom and in an outer
enclosed cylinder, and round within which cylinder pass coils of pipe conveying
steam. By this means I get superheated steam intermingled with the gases from the
furnace and air if required which is conveyed by pipes, for example, to the interior
of barrels or brewers' vats, and whereby after the coat of varnish has been applied,
it is by the action of the heat thoroughly driven into the wood, or applied in a very
permanent manner to the surfaces under action.
Water pipes and other suitable articles may be enclosed in a stove or oven,
arranged so as to be heated in the manner above described.
If the surface to be varnished is not capable of receiving the treatment above
indicated, a floor, for instance, I make a carriage holding a suitable number of gas
burners or blow pipe jets or Bunsen burners, and having supported the burner
carriage on wheels it is with the jets of flame repeatedly passed over the surface till
the desired effect is produced, or even by the use of heated irons or rollers.
The effectiveness of the varnish depends not only upon its composition, but
materially upon the method of applying it, heating with heat, as above described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVE WATERCLOSETS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Finch at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th December 1876.
BENJAMIN FINCH, of High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, Sanitary.
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVE WATERCLOSETS."
My Invention has for its object an improvement in valve waterclosets, and
consists essentially in the combination of a basin and trap, both made of potteryware,
by the introduction of a metal or other plate constructed and arranged as herein
described.
Hitherto valve closets with a direct valve outlet at the bottom of the basin
have been fitted with a metal trap beneath the basin, which trap by reason of its
being made of metal is very liable to corrode and become foul and consequently
offensive.
According to my Invention (which relates more particularly to that construction
of closet that stands complete above the floor, trap included, the basin being fitted
directly upon the trap) I replace such metal trap by an earthenware syphon trap
immediately beneath the closet basin, and I overcome the difficulty of fitting the
basin upon the earthenware trap, which hitherto has prevented the use of earthen-
ware traps in such closets, by the interposition of a cast-iron or other plate forming
a cover for the earthenware trap, upon which it is fixed by bolts passing through
flanges on the trap. This plate is cast with a socket in which the bottom or outlet
of the basin is fitted, and with ears depending on the underside in which the spindle
of the basin valve is hung. This plate or cover is further cast with a trap for the
overflow pipe from the basin. The latter is made of white ware as usual, but by
my Invention the trap may be made of coarse brown pottery or terra cotta ware,
and is moulded with bosses for the attachment of inlet or ventilating pipes.
I also introduce an arrangement by which the supply of water used in flushing
the closet pan is limited and regulated by the introduction of a latch upon the
supply valve lever, which is so applied that on raising the pull handle the valve
lever is liberated at any required moment by the action of this latch, and thereby
the further supply of water gradually ceases.
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING DRAUGHTS IN DWELLING-HOUSES AND OTHER STRUCTURES."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Evans Cauty at the Office of
the Commisioners of Patents, on the 6th January 1876.
"IMPROVE-
HENRY EVANS CAUTY, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING DRAUGHTS IN DWELLING-HOUSES AND
OTHER STRUCTURES."
This Invention consists in an apparatus somewhat similar to a
appearance, but really a waterproof bag partially filled with water.
found far superior to sand bags on the following grounds:-
sand bag in
This I have
1st. The water being a mobile substance forces the material of the bag into every
nook and cranny upon which it rests, instead of, as in the case of sand bags, keeping
approximately its form, no matter what the contour of the surface upon which it
rests may be.
2nd. The sharp gritty sand forces its way in a short time through any material,
thus causing great dirt and inconvenience.
3rd. A sand bag has to be transported ready filled, and is therefore bulky of
carriage, whereas my bags can be transported empty and filled when required.
When not required, as in summer, they can, unlike" sand bags, be emptied &
stored away in a very small compass, as their filling is done in a moment.
4th. Sand bags are difficult to clean and attract dust, and whenever the dust is
brushed out of them there is a great tendency for the sand to come out too through
the pores. A smooth waterproof bag can be dusted without trouble.
I construct the bags out of india-rubber piping cut into lengths. On each end I
fix an india-rubber cap or otherwise close it. To one of these caps a small india-
rubber tube is attached, opening into the bag; this tube is the filling tube. To fill
the bag it is compressed to eject the air, and then placed freely in water; the
water enters through the small tube. When sufficiently filled it is taken out of
the water and the small tube doubled on itself, and compressed between two india-
rubber or other clips; it is now ready for use.
On the sides of windows I also have an india-rubber attachment of a different
description (the water bag being there inapplicable). I place two round-headed
nails in the window frame, and stretch a triangular or other shaped piece of india-
rubber (nicely filling the corner between the sash and the frame) between the said

page_text: two nails, the said nails being let into slots in the india-rubber; or instead of slots
the two nails can have holes of considerable size made for them in the india-rubber,
the holes in the india-rubber being a trifle less distance apart than the two nails.
The india-rubber is then stretched & attached to the nails, like as if they were
buttons.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR APPLYING STARCH OR OTHER ANALOGOUS PREPARATIONS TO VARIOUS ARTICLES MAde of TEXTILE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Edward Newton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th May 1876. A communication
from abroad by Thomas Shires Wiles and Alonzo Pelton Adams, both of
Albany, in the State of New York, United States of America..
HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR APPLYING
STARCH OR OTHER ANALOGOUS PREPARATIONS TO VARIOUS ARTICLES MAde of
TEXTILE SUBSTANCES."
The usual node of starching articles of wearing apparel and fabrics is to dip the
articles into a thin preparation of starch and then squeeze out the superfluous starch,
after which the articles are ironed.
When ironing by machinery it has been found that this mode of starching is not
sufficient, and that the starch must be applied in larger quantities and rubbed into
the article. This has hitherto been done by hand, but such a mode of manipulation
has not only been found to be very wearying work for the operator owing to the
amount of pressure required, but it also abrades the skin and otherwise injures
the hands.
The object of this Invention is to construct an apparatus which will satisfactorily
perform the operation of rubbing in the starch, and thus obviate the inconveniences
above referred to.
The apparatus consists of a pair of what may be termed rubbers, which are
intended to rub the starch into the articles placed for the purpose upon a suitable
table. This table may be mounted on wheels or rollers which run on the top of a
suitable framing, or it may be made capable of being moved backwards or forwards
in any other convenient manner. The rubbers consist by preference of a number
of small brushes placed at suitable distances apart, so that the brushes of one
rubber will interlock with the brushes of the other. The pair of rubbers are
carried by levers or arms which project from opposite sides of and work in guides
in the frame of the machine.
The operation of the machine is as follows:-The articles to be starched are
placed on the table and the starch is sincared over them by hand. The table is
then pushed forward until the articles are under the rubbers, which are capable
of being raised for that purpose. A reciprocating motion is then imparted to the
rubbers in any convenient manner so that the starch will be rubbed or ground as
[Price 27

page_text: it were into the articlo. While this is being done a fresh lot of articles may be
placed on the other end of the table ready for the rubbing operation.
As a modification of the above the rubbers may be made in the form of sectors,
and a vibrating or oscillating motion may be communicated to them.
As a further modification circular rubbers may be used, and a rotatory motion 5
may be imparted to them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Cory at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th March 1876.
EDWARD CORY, of No. 3, Porteus Road, Paddington, in the County of Middlesex.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES."
My Invention relates to skates made with wheels or rollers, whoroby they can
run on a rink floor, and has for its object to simplify the construction and to givo
the skater the power of moving in curves in a manner similar to that in which a
skater performs evolutions on ice.
In many roller skates hitherto made mechanism has been employed whereby the
lateral canting or tilting of the footstand produces a convergent or radial
movement of the roller axles. I dispense entirely with such mechanism, and
merely provide one or more of the wheels or rollers with means whereby, in
accordance with the movements of the skater's body, they can accommodate
themselves to a curved as well as to a straight path, as I will now explain. On the
axle on which the wheel or roller revolves I provide a spherical bulge which fits a
corresponding spherical socket in the roller itself, so that the roller while it revolves
round the axle can do so, not only in a plane at right angles to the axle, but also in
planes more or less inclined thereto; consequently when the skater desires to run in
a curved path, one or more of the rollers by revolving in a plane inclined to its axle
accominodates itself to the curve in which the skate is caused to move. The rollers
thus provided with ball-and-socket axles may be placed near either the toe or the
heel of the skate, or near both, and may be combined with other rollers having no
such ball and socket.
Instead of fixing the roller axles rigidly to the footstand they may be secured to
it with springs, interposed so as to give elasticity and avoid jar to the wearer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HORSE-SHOES, AND IN MACHINERY THEREFOR."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th February 1876. A communication
from abroad by William Morris Greenwood and John Norris Clarke, both of
Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America, Manufacturers.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
HORSE-SHOES, AND IN MACHINERY THEREFOR." A communication.
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of horse-shoc
blanks, and to machinery for forming the same, its object being to produce a blank
ready to be bent or formed into a horse-shoe, having a corrugated ground surface
or series of calks located at equidistant points, limited in number by the size of the
shoe. The calks or corrugations generally range from nine to eleven, and while
giving a plain surface for the tread of the horse, present so many obstacles to
slipping that on the most uneven or slippery surfaces the tread of the horse is made
absolutely firm and secure.
My Invention also has for its object the placing of the fullering or nail creases on
the outside of the web, while the continuous calks are located on the inside; the said
fullering creases being on a plane above the lower surfaces of the calks, thus
preventing the wearing out of the nail heads or the rising of the clinches and
keeping the shoe firm in its place much longer than an ordinary shoe.
The first part of the said Invention consists in an improved horse-shoe blank,
constructed with a corrugated ground surface of calks located at equidistant points,
and a fullering or nail crease on the outside of the web above the corrugations or
calks.
The second part of the said Invention consists in an improved method of forming
the blanks by subjecting a plain blank successively to the action of a series of
suitable dies.
The third part of the said Invention consists in mechanism comprising two rolls
journalled in suitable standards and working together, and provided with a series
of dies and counter dies, between which the blanks are successively passed in process
of construction.
The fourth part of the said Invention consists in a die for forming the corru-
gations or calks, and the nail crease upon the blank constructed with convex
projections for forming the calks, and an angular shoulder for forming the fullering.

page_text: The fifth part of the said Invention consists in a pair of rolls, one of which is
provided around its periphery with a die, whose face is formed with a series of
convex projections at regular intervals, the other having a plain counter die, and
the two being arranged to work together to produce a series of corrugations upon
the blank when the same is run between them.
MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Elce at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 27th June 1876.
JOHN ELCE, of the City of Manchester, Machine Maker.
MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
My Invention is applicable to those ring and traveller throstle spinning and
doubling frames in which the spindle is supported by a tube fixed in the bolster
rail and passing inside the bobbin. The object of my Invention is to facilitate
the doffing of the full bobbins.
In performing my Invention I place a wharve on the tube above referred to
between the bolster rail and the bottom flange of the bobbin, and to the upper
part of the wharve I connect a rim with a roughened edge. The wharves are all
driven by bands passing round a small tin drum which is turned round by the
When the bobbins have
ordinary drum for driving the spindles or otherwise.
been filled the ring rail is lowered to bring the ends of yarn in line with the
roughened rims above described, the yarns are then wound on the rims, after
which the full bobbins are doffed and empty ones put in their places, the ring rail
is then lifted to bring the yarns in line with the bobbins on to which they are
wound as usual; by this means the yarn or thread is never disconnected from the
travellers or the roller while doffing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TEA KETTELS, COFFEE POTS, AND OTHER VESSELS USED FOR HEATING OR BOILING WATER OR OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mark Frank Mason and William
Willet at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st April 1876.
MARK FRANK MASON, of 296, Pentonville Road, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, and WILLIAM WILLETT, jr., of 29, Belsize Crescent, Hampstead, in the
County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TEA KETTELS, COFFEE POTS, AND OTHER
VESSELS USED FOR HEATING OR BOILING WATER OR OTHER LIQUIDS."
Hitherto tea kettels, coffee pots, and other vessels to which this Invention applys
have been made round or aney other form of body. When filled with water or
other liquid and placed upon the fire or other heated surface, most of the heat
impings on the plane flat surface of the kettel bottom only, thus the kettel as to
remaine upon the fire a long time before the water boils, thus causing great waste
of time and fuel. The object of our Invention is to present a large portion of this
waste of time and fuel, and in order to do this we make kettels and coffee pots of
the present form; we then perforate the bottom with aney number of holes of aney
size, and a corresponding number round the rim at the top but of smaler size then
the bottom, we then make the same number of tubes as the holes through the
bottom of the proper length to reach through the holes in the top of the kettels,
put in the tubes and solder or braze, as the case me be, and made water-tight, or the
tubs need not pass through to top but tirmenate at aney destance from the bottom
with the tubes closed at the top, the kettels been compleata we fill with water,
places them upon the fire, when the heat passes throgh the tubes, thus causing the
water to boil in half the time of the kettels now in use, thus efecting a great saving
of time and fuel. We make the kettels or other vessels of tin, iron, copper, brass,
or other suitable material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ARRANGEMENTS FOR ILLUMINATING CLOCK DIALS AND SEMI- OPAQUE SIGNS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Mills at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 21st August 1876.
JOHN MILLS, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Commission Agent.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ARRANGEMENTS FOR ILLUMINATING CLOCK DIALS AND SEMI-
OPAQUE SIGNS."
My Invention relates to the dials of church clocks, and of the clocks of public
and other buildings, and to glass or semi-opaque signs used for business purposes.
The said dials are in some cases illuminated by incans of gas jets or lamps arranged
behind the said dials.
The object of my said Invention is to economise the consumption of gas or
illuminating material, and to increase the useful effect of the artificial light. To
this end I employ parabolic reflectors or portions of parabolic reflectors, or reflectors
similar in form to a parabola or portion of a parabola, and I arrange such
reflectors behind the lights in such a manner as that the whole or nearly the
whole of the rays of light which aro intercepted by the said reflectors are reflected
on to the dials.
In an arrangement which I now consider to be suitable, the back of the dial is
surrounded by a ring or short cylindrical casing, in the upper part of which is or
are an opening or openings through which the heated products of combustion are
permitted to escape. The said opening or each opening may be provided with a
funnel or chimney. The reflector is secured in position behind the dial, the
circumference thereof meeting the edge of the said casing, and being secured thereto
if considered to be desirable. The gas burner, or burners, or lamp or lamps is or are
arranged within the space so enclosed. An opening is formed in the centre of the
reflector to permit of the passage of the arbor. Access to the burners or lamps may
be had through this opening or through another opening or other openings formed
in the said casing. In some cases or if preferred the said cylindrical casing may be
dispensed with or be made otherwise than cylindrical in form, as may be most
suitable in each case.
When my said Invention is applied to the illuminating of glass or semi-opaque
signs, the reflector is made suitable in form to the shape of the sign, and in some
cases and when the signs are of oblong form, two or inore reflectors are employed
in the illumination of one sign.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING MEAT IN SOLID FORM
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert Maguire Whitehead at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th August 1876.
HERBERT MAGUIRE WHITEHEAD, of 110, Fenchurch Street, in the City of
London, Merchant. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING MEAT IN SOLID FORM."
This Invention relates to improvements in preserving meat in solid form, and
consists in cutting meat into slices or slabs corresponding in thickness and size to
the depth, width, and length of the tin or vessel in which it has to be preserved, in
order that each slice or slab, which is by my Invention preserved in a solid form,
may retain all its nutritive properties within itself instead of imparting them to the
liquor as is now the case.
I prefer that each tin be about 6 inches square on the top and about one inch or
an inch and a half to two or three inches in depth, but I do not confine myself to
making the tins of square shape on top, as tins of other shapes can be equally filled
with slices or slabs of meat to be preserved in solid form according to my Invention.
AN IMPROVED COMBINATION OF ROLLER SKATE AND BOOT
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Walter Lulham at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd January 1876.
EDWIN WALTER LULHAM, of the Firm of Thomas Lulham & Sons, of 130, Queen's
Road, Brighton, in the County of Sussex. "AN IMPROVED COMBINATION OF
ROLLER SKATE AND BOOT."
This Invention relates to the combination of a roller skate and boot, the sole of
the boot answering a double purpose, being also the footstock of the skate. The
sole is for this purpose made sufliciently rigid, and the wheel carriages or the
supports thereof are permanently attached thereto.
In carrying my Invention into practice I form the sole of my said bcot either
wholly or partly of wood, metal, or leather, or of leather combined with wood or
other material for giving it the necessary firmness, and rigidly attach thereto or to
plates worked into the substance of the sole the mechanical parts of the skate.
IMPROVEMENTS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Penry Lloyd at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th March 1876.
PENRY LLOYD, of Glasbury, in the County of Radnor.
FENCES."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
My Invention relates to fences, either permanent or otherwise, adapted for
various purposes, and it consists in the employment in combination with
longitudinal wooden railings of standards, each made of one solid bar of wrought-
iron without any joint, weld, or twist, such bar extending up each side of the
whole series of longitudinal railings, and passing over the upper side of the upper
rail.
The longitudinal railings are made in suitable lengths brought together by
scarfed joints, and at the parts where the joints occur the rails are secured and
supported by pins passing through both sides of the standard, one above and one
below each rail, with the exception of the top rail where one pin only is used, the
turn of the standard forming the upper support, and these pins are tightened and
adjusted by means of screws and nuts.
The standards are provided with feet which are made either pointed for driving
into the ground or square for fixing in stone.
Ordinary wooden vertical stays or rails may be employed in combination with
the longitudinal railings and the wrought-iron standards.
By means of this Invention a cheap and durable fence is obtained, whilst the
waste of material caused by using perishable wood posts for the construstion of
railway and other fences of that description is obviated.
The construction of the standard facilitates the removal of a rail at any point,
and being made of one solid bar of wrought iron without joint or weld it is
exceptionally strong.