IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR SHIRT STUDS, COLLAR STUDS, WRIST STUDS, SOLITAIRES, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES."
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Millward Banks, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Manufacturing Jeweller, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FASTENINGS FOR SHIRT STUDS, COLLAR STUDS, WRIST STUDS, SOLITAIRES,
AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Millward Banks at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th March 1881.
JOHN MILLWARD BANKS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturing Jeweller. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR SHIRT STUDS, COLLAR
STUDS, WRIST STUDS, SOLITAIRES, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES."
My Invention consists of the improvements herein after described in con-
structing and arranging the parts of the said fastenings, whereby simple and
efficient fastenings are produced, having little liability to derangement. I will
describe my. Invention in connection with a shirt stud.
To the inner side of the back part of the stud I fix a hollow stem, flat, elliptical,
or angular, and to the inner side of the front part of the stud I fix a similar but
smaller hollow stem open at opposite sides. When the stem on the front of the
stud is introduced into the stem on the back of the stud they are incapable of
turning upon one another in consequence of their flat, elliptical, or angular figure.
In the shell or flat case constituting the front of the stud are two nearly semi-
circular plates having at opposite points projections which pass through openings
in the side of the case, and constitute the pushers by which the parts of the
stud are unfastened. Coiled or other springs between these plates press them
apart.
On the underside of each of these plates and at its inner edge is a tooth at right
angles to the plate. These teeth pass through a slot or opening at the middle of
the case, and occupy the interior of the hollow stem, their inclined sides, when the
parts are in their normal positions, protruding from the opposite sides of the flat
stem.

page_text: In using this shirt stud the two parts of the stud are brought together, the
hollow stem on the back of the front part being introduced into the hollow stem
on the back of the back part, and pushed home theroin.. As the hollow stem of,
the front part passes into the hollow stem of the back part the teeth in the former
are pressed back, and as the hollow stem on the front part reaches the end of a
its advancing motion, the teeth snap behind internal shoulders in the end of
the hollow stem on the back part, and the two parts are thereby secured
together.
•
In order to unfasten the two parts of the stud the pushers are pressed inwards,
when the teeth are made to retire within the hollow stom of the front part, and are 1
theroby disengaged from the shoulders of the hollow stem of the back part, and the
two parts may be separated.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Millward Banks in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 13th
September 1881.
JOHN MILLWARD BANKS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturing Jeweller. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR SHIRT STUDS, COLLAR
STUDS, WRIST STUDS, SOLITAIRES, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES."
My Invention consists in constructing and arranging the parts of fastonings for
shirt studs, collar studs, wrist studs, and other like articles in the manner herein-
after described.
I will describe my Invention in connection with a shirt stud consisting of two
circular discs with a hollow stem connecting them.
To the inner side of the back part of the stud I fix a hollow stem, flat, elliptical,
or angular, and to the inner side of the front part of the stud I fix a similar but
smaller hollow stem open at opposite sides. When the stem on the front of the
stud is introduced into the stem on the back of the stud they are incapable of
turning upon one another in consequence of their flat, elliptical, or angular figure.
In the shell or flat case constituting the front of the stud are two nearly semi-
circular plates having at opposite points projections which pass through openings
in the side of the case, and constitute the pushers by which the parts of the
stud are unfastened. Coiled or other spring between these plates press them
apart.
On the underside of each of these plates and at its inner edge is a tooth at right
angles to the plate, and these teeth pass through a slot or opening at the middle
of the case, and occupy the interior of the hollow stem, their inclined sides, when
the parts are in their normal positions, protruding from the opposite sides of tho
flat stem.
In using this shirt stud the two parts of the stud are brought together, the
hollow stem on the back of the front part being introduced into the hollow stem
in the back of the back part, and pushed home therein. As the hollow stem of the
front part passes into the hollow stem of the back part, and as the hollow stem on
the front part reaches the end of its advancing motion, the teeth snap behind
internal shoulders in the end of the hollow stem on the back part, and the two
parts are thereby secured together.
In order to unfasten the two parts of the stud the pushers are pressed inwards
the hollow stem of the front part, & are thereby disengaged from the shoulders.
of the hollow stem of the back part, and the two parts may be separated.
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying Drawing the
manner in which my Invention is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in side elevation closed & front view; Figure 2 in side
elevation open and back view of a stud provided with a fastening constructed
according to my Invention; Figure 3 represents the same view as Figure 1, but in
Bection drawn to a larger scale; Figure 4 represents front view of top part of stud
when cover is removed, and part sectional end view of same; Figure 5 represents
back view of top part of stud, and side sectional view, and sectional end view;
Figure 6 represents full inside view of back part of stud and side and end elevation;
Figures 7, 8, 9, and 10 represent working parts of the stud and fastening drawn to
the same scale as Figures 3, 4, 5, 6. The same letters indicate the same parts in
the several Figures of the Drawing, a is the top half and 6 the bottom half of
stud; to the inner side of back part b is fixed the hollow stem, flat, elliptical, or
angular, 61, with plate on top & slot 62 in, as best seen in Figure 6. To the inner
side of front part of stem is fixed a smaller hollow stem a open at the sides, suitable
in size & shape to enter the slot 62 on back part of stud. The said hollow stem a
is shown in front view, side and edge elevation, in Figure 5, and separate from stud
in end view in Figure 10; it is mado by folding or doubling a strip of metal, one

page_text: end of the double strip being connected to the circular plate f, as best seen in part
sectional end view in Figure 4. Situate in the hollow flat tongue d are two teeth
cl, cl, the outside of each tooth being inclined. Connected with each of the
inclined teeth, and at right angles to thom, is a nearly semi-circular plate c, c,
having at opposite points projections which pass through openings in the side of
stud, and constitute the pushers. The inclined teeth c1, c1, aro represented
detached. from stud in Figure 8; the said teeth c1, c 1, and nearly semi-circular
plates c, c, are arranged in the top part of stud, as best seen in Figure 3. Between
the two nearly semi-circular plates c, c, are two coiled springs e, e, by which they
are pushed outward or asunder so that the teeth c1, cl, in their normal position
slightly project from the open edges or sides of the projecting, flat tongue d. The
outward motion of the said teeth is limited by the recesses at c 2 in them bearing
against the edges of the slot fl in the circular plate f through which the tongue d
is passed, and to which it is connected. The nearly semi circular plates c, c, with
pushers which project from the edge of part a of stud, and work between the
circular plate fand the two angular pieces g, g, which aro fastened by a projecting
lip to plate at f2; these work in slots c3 and so limit the inward motion of the
nearly semi circular discs c, c, which form the pushers. The two angular pieces g, g,
are seen separate in front and side view in Figure 9. A sectional side view of the
nearly semi-circular pushers c, c, carried by the angular pieces g, g, is seen in
Figure 3, a front view in Figure 4. When the stud is closed the hollow tongue d
on the top part a enters the slot 62 on the bottom part b. As the stud is being
closed the inclined side of the teeth c1, cl, are brought against the ends of the
slot 62, and the said teeth are pressed into the hollow tongue d, and the springs e, e,
between the nearly semi-circular pushers c are compressed. Immediately before
the fastening of the stud is completed, the teeth cl, cl, have passed the end of the
slot 62, and by the action of the springs e, e, the shoulders c 2 of the said teeth
snap behind the ends of the slot 62, as illustrated in Figure 3, and the two parts
of the stud are fastened together. To unfasten the stud the pushers c are pressed
inwards by the thumb & finger, the teeth cl, c1, are thereby forced inward, as
shown by dotted lines in Figure 3, and their shoulders withdrawn from the edges
of the slot 62. The stud is thus unfastened, and the two parts may be separated.
The parts and fastenings for a collar stud, wrist stud, solitaire, or like article are
constructed & arranged substantially in the manner herein described and illustrated
with respect to a stud fastening.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, & the manner in which
the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I claim as my
Invention,―
The improvement in fastenings for shirt studs, collar studs, wrist studs, solitaires,
and other like articles herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawing, that is to say, the combination with the flat hollow tongue or guide d
projecting from the under side of one part of the stud, collar stud, wrist stud,
solitaires, or other like article of inclined teeth c1, cl, having pushers c, c, and
having springs e, e, between them, the fastening of the two parts or ends of the
article being effected by the engaging of the said teeth with the end of a slot in the
other part of the article, the several parts of the fastening being constructed &
arranged substantially as described and illustrated.
In witness hereof, I, the said John Millward Banks, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twelfth day of September, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one