Improvements in Apparatus for Circulating Water in Steam Boilers.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 27th May, 1895
Complete Specification Left, 27th Feb., 1896-Accepted, 4th Apr., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Circulating Water in Steam
Boilers.
We, DONALD BARNS MORISON, of Hartlepool Engine Works, Hartlepool in
the County of Durham, and ERNEST GEARING of The Leeds Forge, Leeds, in the
County of Yorkshire, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
:―
It is well known that the generation of steam from the heating surfaces in a
boiler causes currents of water to flow in the same direction as the currents of
steam, namely, upward towards the steam space, and also that if the generation of
steam is rapid locally, the velocity of the accompanying current of water will
cause a higher level of water locally, than the average or normal water level in the
boiler.
Now the object of this invention is to provide improved apparatus whereby such
upward current of water can be utilized in a more effective manner than heretofore
to cause circulation of water in the boiler.
:
For this purpose the upward current of water is trapped by causing it to pass
through valves or there may be only one opening upwards into a chamber or
vessel that communicates with the steam space of the boiler and also by a pipe or
pipes with any desired part of the water space of the boiler where circulation is
defective for example below the line of lowest heating surface, the arrangement
being such that when the velocity of the current of water is such that it flows
through the non-return valves into the chamber or vessel it will be there trapped
and can discharge only to the lower part or parts of the boiler through the before
mentioned pipe or pipes, the discharge taking place by reason of the height of the
water within the said chamber or vessel being higher than that outside the same.
The vessel or chamber may be constructed in various ways. Thus the lower or
guiding portion may be of steel pressed to the desired shape and flanged at the top.
The upper or containing portion may also be of stamped steel open at the top
and flanged at the bottom. Between these two flanged portions is placed a plate
containing the valves, the whole being bolted or otherwise connected together
and arranged with suitable brackets for attachment to any desired part of the
boiler.
Any desired number of vessels or chambers fitted with non-return valves and
discharge pipes as described, may be arranged in one boiler.
Dated this 27th day of Mar 1895

page_text: Improvements in Apparatus for Circulating Water in Steam
Boilers.
We, DONALD BARNS MORISON, of Hartlepool Engine Works, Hartlepool, in
the County of Durham, and ERNEST GEARING, of The Leeds Forge, Leeds, in the
County of York, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
It is well known that the generation of steam from the heating surfaces in a
boiler causes currents of water to flow in the same direction as the currents of
steam, namely, upwards towards the steam space, and also that if the generation
of steam is rapid locally the velocity of the accompanying current of water will
cause a higher level of water locally than the average or normal water level in
the boiler.
Now the object of this invention is to provide improved apparatus whereby such
upward current of water can be utilized in a more effective manner than heretofore
to cause circulation of water in the boiler.
For this purpose the upward current of water is trapped by causing it to pass
through a valve or valves opening upwards into a chamber or vessel that
communicates with the steam space of the boiler and also by a pipe or pipes with.
any desired part of the water space of the boiler where circulation is defective,
for example, below the line of lowest heating surface, the arrangement being such
that when the velocity of the current of water is such that it flows through the
Don-return valve or valves into the chamber or vessel, it will be there trapped and
can discharge only to the lower part or parts of the boiler through the before
mentioned pipe or pipes, the discharge taking place by reason of the height of the
water within the said chamber or vessel being higher than outside the same.
vessel or chamber may be constructed in various ways.
In the accompanying drawings,
The
Figs. 1 and 2 show circulating apparatus according to this invention as
applied to a single ended boiler of the marine type, Fig. 1 being a half
sectional elevation of the boiler, and Fig. 2 a part sectional longitudinal
elevation thereof with one of the furnaces and combustion chambers removed for
greater clearness.
Figs. 3 and 4 are sectional elevations of the circulating apparatus alone, drawn
to an enlarged scale.
In the arrangement shown, 1 is the lower or guiding portion of the vessel made
of steel pressed to the desired shape and flanged at the top. 2 is the upper casing
or containing portion also of stamped steel flanged at the top and bottom and
provided at its upper end with an extension 3 which is open at the top. 4 is a
plate arranged between the upper and lower portions 1 and 2, and carrying disc
valves 5 and the necessary studs 6 and guards 61, the parts 1, 2 and 4 being
connected together by bolts 7. 8 is a pipe (or there may be two or more such pipes)
leading to and opening into the lower part of the boiler and connected to the
casing 2 by the flange 9, or by other suitable means. The circulating apparatus
may be attached to any convenient part of the boiler as for example by brackets or
supports 10, 10' to the heating tubes 11 as shewn in Figs. 1 and 2, and the pipe 8
may be secured at its lower end to a stay 12 by brackets 13, 13¹. The open lower
end of this pipe may in some cases be bent into a horizontal position as indicated
by dotted lines. The water level in the boiler is indicated at 14, 14.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-
-
Steam being generated by the heating tubes 11 in the boiler, causes currents

page_text: of water to flow upwards and part of such currents will consequently pass the
lower or guiding portion 1 of the vessel and the non-return valves 5 into the
casing 2, the result being that the water thus caused to enter the upper portion 2
of the vessel will be trapped so that the water level 14' inside the upper portion.
of the vessel will be higher than the water level 14 outside as indicated for example
in Figs. 3 and 4.
The valves 5 being non-return, this difference of water level will
cause the water so trapped to be discharged through the pipe 8 into the lower part
of the boiler. It will thus be seen that such apparatus afford a simple means of
efficiently circulating the water in a steam boiler, the amount of such circulation
being dependent upon the size and number of circulating vessels and discharge pipes
employed. In a boiler such as illustrated, two vessels only are intended to be used,.
but this number of vessels with the necessary non-return valves and discharge pipes
may be increased as desired.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. Water circulating apparatus for steam boilers, comprising a chamber open at
its top and provided at its lower part with one or more non-return valves and with
one or more water discharge pipes, the arrangement being such that when the
chamber is fixed in a boiler with its open upper end in communication with the
steam space thereof and its valve or valves near to the water level therein, and
the velocity of the upward currents of water due to the action of heat is such that
water will be caused to flow past the non-return valve or valves into the chamber,.
Euch water will be there trapped and will thence flow by the discharge pipe or pipes
to the lower part or parts of the boiler where circulation is defective, substantially
as described.
2. The improved water circulating apparatus for steam boilers, constructed
arranged and operating as hereinbefore described with reference to and shown, in.
the drawings annexed.
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