Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Mar, 1898-Accepted, 28th May, 1998
The churns forming the subject of this invention answer all the requirements as
to facility of handling, a rapid and complete churning, cheapness, and a limited con-
sumption of motive power.
In the commanning doing
Tigure 4 is a plan of a modification of the said vessel.
Figure 5 shows a detail, and
Figure 6 shows a modified form of the churn.
The improved churn consists of a vessel 2, rotatively mounted on a suitable
frame 1 by means of a hollow stem 3 resting on the upper end of a shaft 4 journalled
in the said frame 1. At a short distance from its upper end the said shaft is pro-
vided with a cross pin, and in the lower end of the hollow stem 3 is formed a cross
groove, with which the said pin engages, so that the vessel 2 is caused to partake of
the motion of the shaft 4.
To a grooved disc 5 on the shaft 4 is fixed one end of a driving cord 6, which,
when alternately pulled and released causes the vessel to rotate round its axis
alternately in the one and the other direction. In this alternate rotation, the vessel
moves only one revolution or one revolution and a half to two revolutions in the
same direction, when the tension exerted on the cord causes the vessel to rotate
in the opposite direction. The vessel 2 is preferably made conical in form, having
its greatest diameter at the bottom and at its upper end it is provided with narrow
rim 7, running along the inner side of the vessel and serving to prevent the liquid
from ascending above the upper edge of the vessel, when the same is rotated at
a great speed. In the interior of the vessel are arranged radial blades or wings 8,
which only extend to about two thirds the height of the vessel from the bottom,
a free space being preferably left between their lower edges and the bottom of the
vessel. The blades or wings 8 are wider at the bottom and are bent or curved
transversely (see Figure 2 and 4) and provided with a number of apertures. The
said blades 8 may be arranged, in such a manner that each three consecutive blades
for example are bent in the same direction (see Figure 2), or, in such a manner,
that every second blade is bent in one direction and the intervening blades in the
other (see Figure 4). A third arrangement is shown in Figure 5, in which the
upper half of the blade is bent in one direction and the lower half of the same in
the other direction.
When the churn is to be used a suitable quantity of cream is poured into the
017

page_text: vessel 2, after which the churning process is performed by causing the vessel to
alternately rotate in opposite directions for a period of 5 to 15 minutes, this being
attained by acting upon the cord 6 as above indicated. When the vessel rotates
in the one direction, the cream rises along the inner side of the vessel and enters
between the blades, and when the direction of rotation is reversed the cream is
thrown against the sides of the blades and passes, in consequence of the inertia,
partly through the apertures of the blades and partly over the blades, and as a
result, a vigorous working of the cream is obtained. The curvature of the blades
serves in this operation to press the cream towards the inner side of the vessel so
as to increase the pressure on the cream, when this passes through the apertures of
the blades. By arranging the apparatus in this manner the whole mass of cream
in the vessel must be treated, as no particle can avoid being repeatedly thrown
against the blades and driven through their apertures, especially if the tension of
the cord be somewhat varied. It is to be observed that the whole mass of cream
ascends along the inner side of the vessel during the rotation of the same.
After the formation of butter balls and after having caused these balls to form a
lump of butter in the middle of the vessel by pulling the cord with less force, the
butter is removed from the vessel and the butter milk poured out through the
spout 9 by lifting the vessel from the frame.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. A churn consisting of an open, vertically rotating vessel (1), which is
alternately rotated in opposite directions, and provided on its inner circumference
with a number of radial blades or wings (S), bent or curved transversely and having
a number of apertures, so that the cream, which is caused to rise along the inner
side of the vessel by the rotation of the same may be submitted to vigorous working
by impinging against and penetrating the blades or wings, when the direction of
rotation of the vessel is reversed.
2. In a churn of the kind referred to in Claim 1, the arrangement of consecutive
blades or wings (8) in a group or groups bent in the same direction and in the
opposite direction to the blades or wings of the preceding group (or groups) Figure 2,
or in such a manner that alternate blades or wings are bent in opposite directions,
Figure 4.
3. In a churn of the kind referred to in Claim 1, the arrangement in which
the blades or wings or a part of the same have the upper portion bent in the opposite
direction to the lower portion thereof substantially as described with reference to
the drawing.
A
.
1 1000
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.