IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE LAMPS
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Isaac. Barnes, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick; Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE
LAMPS,"
: .
Sealed the 15th July 1856, and dated the 19th January 1856.*
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Isaac Barnes at the Office
J.
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th January
1856.
I, ISAAC. BARNES, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature. of the. said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CARRIAGE. LAMPS;" to be as follows (that is to say):-
The improvements consist, firstly,, in making the glasses for carriage lamps
in one piece of the requisite form, and thus. dispensing with the japanned
frame or mounting. The lamp is trimmed either with candle or oil, which-
ever may be used, by raising the glass. from the stand, the stand and socket
being. formed in one.; the lower part of the glass. is mounted in a metal. rim
hinged to the. stand, consequently the glass opens back, similar to a box lid.
The upper.
surface of the stand is covered with a metallic. reflector, and a
corresponding reflector is attached to the inside of the top of the glass. A tube
passes. through the top of the glass to carry off the smoke. Glass or inetal
pans are placed over the top of the lamp glass on the outside. -

page_text: Secondly, my improvements consist in so arranging reflectors inside carriage
lamps that I can throw the light in any desired direction.
And, thirdly, in improvements in attaching the lamps to carriages by means
of an arm attached to the lamp, provided with a plug, which drops into a
socket secured to the carriage and is fastened by means of a small screw
passed through the plug aforesaid.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Isaac Barnes in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
18th July 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ISAAC
BARNES, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Her
reign, did, for. Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Isaac Barnes, Her special licence that I, the said Isaac
Barnes, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Isaac Barnes, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
usc, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for IMPROVEMENTS
IN CARRIAGE LAMPS, upon the condition, amongst others, that I, the said Isaac
Barnes, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Isaac Barnes, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the
Letters and Figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
My Invention consists, firstly, in making the glasses for carriage lamps in
one piece, similar to an ordinary lamp globe, and of any form that may be

page_text: vishca, avoiding the use of any metal frame or mounting except at the top
and bottom. The advantage of this will be be obvious to any person acquainted
with the difficulty that exists in maintaining a steady light in the present form
f lamp, in which one side is made to do duty for a door, and to open like one
pon hinges; and as this door can seldom be made air-tight, draughts of air
continually cause the light to flicker. It is, moreover, through this door that
servant has to pass his hand in order to clean the interior of the lamp and
o polish the reflectors.
Now, my Invention provides also for the ready detachment of these re-
lectors, and of the whole of the metal work belonging to the lamp, for the -
purpose of allowing it to be the more easily and effectually cleaned and
polished.
And, secondly, my improvements lie in the arrangement of certain internal
reflectors, so as to throw the light in any particular direction.
And, thirdly, in an improved form of connection, or mode of attaching the
lamp iron to the carriage, so that the whole lamp and iron may, if desired, be
removed from the carriage and refixed with ease; whilst I also obtain by this
last-named improvement what I consider of paramount importance, the power
of raising and lowering the lamp at will, and maintaining it in position at any
given height within reasonable limits.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is an elevation of one of my improved lamps.
2, a transverse section of the metal capping.
"
"
8, a transverse section of the top reflector.
"
4, a transverse section of the stand and lower reflector.
5, front elevation of the rack or lamp iron.
"
"
6, plan of same.
(A) is the lamp glass, bound with a metal ring (B) at the bottom, on which
is formed a lug (C) furnished with a socket hole to receive a pin upon the
lamp iron D. E is the stand or metal bottom of the lamp, the edge F being
turned round, and a metal ring spun under it to form a catch for a species of
bayonet fastening formed by this ring, and a small projecting piece on the metal
ring (B); or one or more spring catches released by a thumb piece on the
outside and under the bottom of the stand may be used instead of this bayonet
fastening; the catches would be on the inside of the stand, and would engage
in slots cut in the metal ring B, so that the glass would snap or click into the
stand or bottom; or this metal stand may, if desired, be connected to the ring
(B) by an india-rubber or other form of hinge, so that the lamp would open-as

page_text: a box lid. In that shewn on the Drawings, the upper part of the lamp with
the glass is removeable bodily from the bottom part:(E) by giving the two
parts named a partial turn in opposite directions, and thus releasing the
bayonet fastening. Figs. 2 and 3 represent sections of the upper metal work
of the lamp, viz., the outer capping and the internal reflector; and it will be
seen that a certain portion of each of these; viz., the tube for carrying off the
products of combustion is furnished in the one with a male and in the other
with a female screw, and to attach them to the lamp it is simply necessary to
pass the reflector, Figure 8, through "the interior of the lamp, holding it with
one hand, whilst the other is employed in screwing on to it from..the outside
the capping, seen.in Figure 2. Both parts are thus secured to the lamp glass;
and are easily separable for the purpose of cleaning, or to change the form of
reflector, if required. The capping, shewn in Figure 3, may be of other
material than metal, but I find thin metal, plated with silver, the most suitable:
The lower reflector, which forms part of the bottom of the lamp, as seen at
(F¹), Figure 4, consists of a conical dish with an aperture in the centre through
which the candle or wick socket (as the case may be) protrudes...
The last part of my Invention, the improvements in attaching the lamps.to
carriages, as illustrated in Figures 5 and 6, in which it will be seen that a bar
I is secured to the bent arm forming the lamp :iron, and a grooved plate (I)
with sunk holes for a screw on the thumb piece (K) to take into is secured to
the carriage. The bar H drops into the grooved plate (I), and by using the
thumb piece (K), which is furnished with a screw, and passing it through the
bar (H) into one of the holes in the plate (I), the lamp is firmly fixed, the
height being regulated at will.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I wish it to be clearly understood that I
do not confine myself to these precise details; but that which I claim,. and
desire to have secured to me by the herein-before in part recited "Letters
Patent, is,--
Firstly, the construction of carriage lamps, by making the glass in one piece
or globe, opening from the bottom as a box lid, or removable entirely by
employing the bayonet fastening, or its equivalent, together with the mode of
combining and connecting the upper reflector with the outer capping and the
glass, as herein described.
Secondly, I claim the combination and disposition, described and illustrated,
of the several parts forming the lamp shewn in the Drawings, or any equivalents
thereof that may be considered a mere modification of such parts.
And, thirdly, I claim the adjustable attachment of the lamp iron to the

page_text: carriage, whereby, instead of the lamp being always in exactly the same
position on the carriage, it can be fixed at any reasonable height, varying
according to requirements.
And I claim also any equivalents of the parts I have described designed for
the same purpose, viz., the adjusting carriage lamps to any desired height, with
power of altering such height without interfering with the part secured to the
carriage, as herein more fully set forth and specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Isaac Barnes, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
ISAAC BARNES. (Ls.)