Improvements in metallic Rollers.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Dec., 1893—Accepted, 3rd Feb., 1894
Improvements in metallic Rollers.
We, FREDERICK GRANDERSON SARGENT, and ALLAN CAMERON SARGENT,
both of Graniteville, in the County of Middlesex, and State of Massachusetts,
United States of America, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention relates to a new metallic roller for various purposes, such as
squeeze rolls for wool-washing machines, or pressure rolls for squeezing or pressing
substances in other machines used in a similar manner, as a new article of manu-
facture when constructed according to our process substantially as hereinafter
described and claimed.
In the drawings:
Figure 1 is a side view of a squeeze roller constructed according to our invention,
and shown partly in section.
Fig. 2 is an end view of the same.
Fig. 3 is a cross-section through the same on line 2.
Fig. 4 is a side view of the shaft of the roller before the latter is formed
upon it.
Fig. 5 is a cross section on the line y-y of Fig. 4.
Ris the body of the roller made of cast metal.
S is the shaft of the roll, upon which the body is to be formed by casting.
This shaft is usually made of wrought metal, as steel or iron for instance, but it
might be of cast metal in some cases.
•
In forming our improved roller we first construct the shaft S, as shown in
Figs. 4 and 5, with the opposite bevels 1, 2, upon the parts where the metal
forming the body of the roller is to be cast upon the shaft. These bevels are in
the shape of the frustum of a cone in the shaft, as shown, although the shaft
might be made square in those parts and the bevel portions be formed in the shape
of the frustum of a pyramid. In all cases, however, the larger ends of the frustums
are turned toward each other for the purposes hereinafter described. In these
bevelled portions, 1, 2, we place the splines s, s, in grooves cut in the shaft for the
purpose of holding the body of the roller more firmly to the shaft, when it is cast
upon it the same as the frustum of a pyramid would. We prefer to use two or
three splines set in opposite sides of the shaft, although one might be used, if
preferred. It will be observed that the ends of these splines which are adjacent
at the middle part of the shaft are wider apart than the other ends, which allows of
the free shrinkage of the roller upon the shaft. It will also be observed that these
splines present polygonal faces to the metal of the roller surrounding them, the
same as the frustum of a pyramid, which serves to prevent the roller from turning
upon its shaft when cast thereon as hereinafter described.
The shaft having been thus prepared is placed in a suitable mold, either of sand,
or of metal if its surface is to be chilled and has a sand core formed around its
central portion between the bevels, in the usual manner, although this may be omitted
and the body R of the roll be formed solid around the shaft if desired. The body
part R of the roll is then cast upon the shaft, so that the molten metal will come
in contact with and surround the frustums of the cones and form the ends of the
roller encircling the same. As the molten metal, from which the body part of the
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page_text: roller is cast, begins, to cool, it tends to shrink away from, the conical portions of
the shaft and leave a certain looseness of the body of the roller thereon, and if
these portions of the shaft were cylindrical this shrinkage of the metal would
sensibly affect the closeness of unity of the roller and its shaft, but as these
portions of the shaft are conical, with the larger ends of the conical parts toward
each other, the metal forming the body part of the roll, as it cools, also shrinks in the
direction of its length and draws the partially cooled metal of its ends surrounding
the conical portions of the shaft, toward each other, bringing the parts of this
metal surrounding the shaft upon a larger part of the cone at each end, and
, causing it to hug the shaft even closer than if there had been no shrinkage and the
metal were cast upon a cylindrical shaft. This compression of the portions of the
cast metal of the body of the roller by the longitudinal shrinkage serves to
consolidate it and make it more dense immediately. around the shaft than it would
otherwise be, and causes it to grip the shaft so tightly as to form a complete unity
therewith. It also serves to compress the splines 8, 8, very tightly in their seats in
the shaft and cause the metal of the roller to hug them with great force on their
polygonal faces, thus forming a perfect unity between the body of the roller and
its shaft, from the actual absence of backlash between them, when the metal has
finally cooled. We thus produce a squeeze roller of superior quality, which has its
cast metal body so united to its wrought metal shaft S, that it can never be
detached therefrom except by breaking the roller, and the compression frequently
welds the cast metal to the shaft to a certain extent under the great pressure of
the longitudinal contraction of the body of the roll while in the process of cooling.
Care should be taken that the conical portions of the shaft, when prepared for
the casting of the body of the roll thereon, be not made of so steep a pitch as to
cause the strain of longitudinal contraction to split or weaken the roll in its central
part, while being sufficient to unite the cast portions of the roll firmly to the
shaft. Different grades of metal as well as different metals contract somewhat
differently, and it is impossible to give any one angle of inclination of the conical
portions of the shaft to its axis, which will accommodate all metals, or all grades of
the same metal in casting, but the operator can easily determine by experiment
the precise angle of inclination of the conical portions which will effect the best
result.
When the roll and its shaft are constructed in this manner, as a new article of
manufacture it will be easily distinguished from other rollers by the superior unity
of the shaft and roll and by its superior durability in use on account thereof.
If the frustum of a pyramid be employed instead of a frustum of the cone as
above described, it might be found sufficient to use only two opposite inclined faces
of the pyramid and omit the other two, relying upon the longitudinal shrinkage of
the metal to draw the portions cast around these faces against them as described.
Also, it might be sufficient to use opposite faces of the frustum of the cone of
larger diameter than the shaft, leaving a portion of the shaft cylindrical and
allowing the shrinking of the metal longitudinally to draw it against these opposite
inclined faces of the frustum of a cone; but we prefer the construction shown.
This same principle is applicable to other cylinders which are mounted on shafts
that revolve with them, such as pulleys, wheels, &c., of metal.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we, declare that what we
claim is :-
1. As a new article of manufacture, a cylinder, formed of a continuous shaft
provided with opposite inclined polygonal faces in the shape of a frustum or
partial frustum towards its ends, having their larger ends turned toward each other,
and with the body part formed of metal cast thereon and shrunk against the
frustums and faces by its longitudinal contraction, while cooling, substantially as
described.

page_text: 2. The improvements in metallic rollers, substantially as and for the purposes
herein before described, set forth, and illustrated in the drawings annexed.
Dated this 14th day of December 1893.
F. W. BARKER,
Applicants' Agent.