Improvements in and relating to the Production of Photographs of Animals.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 9th July, 1895
Complete Specification Left, 5th Mar., 1896-Accepted, 25th Apr., 1896
Improvements in and relating to the Production of Photographs of
Animals.
I WILLIAM ISAAC CHADWICK of 2 Saint Mary's Street, Manchester, Scientific
Instrument Maker, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
'
My said invention relates to improvements in photographs of animals and in the
production thereof.
As is well known photographs of animals are practically useless for purposes of
measurement owing to the effects of perspective, ignorance of the distance of the
point of sight, and the general absence of comparison with objects of known
dimensions.
The object of my said invention is a definite process or procedure having known
conventional constants, and the introduction of a comparison scale into the
photographs for purpose of measurement or estimation of the dimensions of the
animal.
For example in making photographs of horses according to my said invention I
use a lens of known focus fixed at a known height above the ground and at equal
or proportionate distances from certain fixed marks in the ground. The horse is
brought in front of the lens and over the indicating marks on or in the ground. The
position of the horse's feet with respect to such marks is noted either by eye
observation or by examination of the photograph. Subsequently with the lens still
in the same position with regard to the indicating marks a screen having horizontal
and vertical bars subdivisions or graduations is placed on the line running between
positions previously occupied by the fore and hind feet of the horse. A photograph
of this screen is taken and by double printing superposition or combination
the two photographs of the screen and the animal are combined into a single
photograph. Owing to the procedure adopted the vertical plane of the screen
will coincide with a vertical plane through the spine of the animal and partaking
of the same effects of perspective projection the contour of the animal may be
quantitatively noted and reliable comparison of what are known to breeders as
points" may be made between photographs of animals taken at different times
and places.
66
According to a modification of my said invention a screen or graduated frame-
work is placed about the animal in a plane passing through its spine and is
photographed simultaneously with the animal.
Dated this 8th dor of July 1805
E. T. WHITELOW, A.M. Inst. C.E.,
70 Deansgate, Manchester, Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to the Production of Photographs of
Animals.
WILLIAM ISAAC CHADWICK of 2 Saint Mary's Street Manchester, Scientific
Instrument Maker, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My said invention relates to improvements in photographs of animals and in the
production thereof. As is well known photographs of animals are practically
useless for purposes of measurement, owing to the effects of perspective ignorance
of the distance of the point of sight and the general absence of comparison with
objects of known dimensions. The object of my said invention is a definite
process or procedure having known conventional constants, and the introduction of
a comparison scale into the photographs for purposes of measurement or estimation
of the dimensions of the animal.
For example in making photographs of horses according to my said invention,
I use a lens of known focus fixed at a known height above the ground and at equal
or proportionate distances from. certain fixed marks in the ground. The horse is
brought in front of the lens and over the indicating marks on or in the ground.
The position of the horse's feet with respect to such marks is noted either by eye
observation or by examination of the photograph.
Subsequently with the lens still in the same position with regard to the indicating
marks, a screen having horizontal and vertical bars subdivisions or graduations, is
placed on the line running between positions previously occupied by the fore and
hind feet of the horse. A photograph of this screen is taken and by double
printing superposition or combination the two photographs of the screen and the
animal are combined into a single photograph. Owing to the procedure adopted
the vertical plane of the screen will coincide with a vertical plane through the
spine of the animal and partaking of the same effects of perspective projection,
the contour of the animal may be quantitatively noted, and reliable comparison of
what are known to breeders as "points" may be made between photographs of
animals taken at different times and places. According to a modification of my
said invention a screen or graduated framework is placed about the animal in a
plane passing through its spine, and is photographed simultaneously with the
animal.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that what I
claim is :-
The production of photographs of animals for the purposes and in the manner
substantially as herein described.
Lf March 1906