DISTILLING APPARATUS
Year: 1885

page_text: I, HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of C7 Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of said invention for DISTILLING
APPARATUS, a communication to me from abroad by Alarik Liedbeck, of Stockholm,
in the kingdom of Sweden, to be as follows:-
The improved distilling apparatus chiefly consists of a still or receptacle provided
with a tube which also serves as an axle for turning the still and is preferably an
axial downward extension of the still. The tube may be set in rotation by any
suitable mechanism, for instance a pair of bevel wheels and a horizontal driving
shaft, and the lower end of the tube may be connected with a radial pipe leading
to the condenser, by means of a conical metallic joint kept cool by surrounding it
with water. The still may have a cylindrical or any other suitable shape and may
be made of iron, copper or other metal.
As a heating agent, an open fire, hot air or steam may be employed, according to
the nature of the materials to be distilled.
The liquid to be distilled may be introduced in any suitable way, but preferably
from below through a pipe placed in the middle of the hollow axle.
The apparatus may be employed for distilling in vacuo or under atmospheric
pressure, or in superheated steam, or other gas, but is chiefly useful for. distilling in
vacuo, and with a direct fire, such substances as glycerine and fatty acids, where a
uniform transmission of heat is essential.
The centrifugal force causes the liquid in the still to flow to the walls and form
on the latter a layer which has an almost cylindrical surface. Although the axis
of rotation is preferably vertical, it may be horizontal or inclined, without
departing from the invention which chiefly consists in providing stills with rotary
motion.
1.

page_text: '
Distilling Apparatus.
İ, HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of 67 Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, a communication to me
from abroad by Alarik Liedbeck of Stockholm, in the Kingdom of Sweden, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This apparatus consists essentially of a still C, having a tube c, which serves also
as an axle. The rotation may be produced by various mechanisms, but preferably
by that illustrated by the accompanying drawing. The tube c communicates
through an especial conduit & with the condensation apparatus (not indicated in
the drawing).
The lower extremity of the tube and the conduit d may be joined in different
manners; the drawing shows a metallic conical footstep kept cool by a current of
water.
According to the nature of the liquids to be distilled, the chamber C may be
made of iron, steel, cast iron, copper or other metal. Likewise the still may be of
a shape different from that shown by the drawing.
The heating may be effected by fire, heated air, or steam, according to the nature
of the liquids to be distilled. The drawing illustrates the heating by fire, which
method is appliable to most cases.
The centrifugal apparatus is represented on a vertical axle; it may, however, be
placed at any inclination, or even on a horizontal axle.
The distillation may be effected in a continuous or intermittent manner.
The still is preferably fed through a tube g; but the liquid to be distilled may
be introduced into the apparatus in any other manner.
The apparatus allows liquids to be distilled in a complete or partial vacuum, or
under air-pressure, or by the aid of steam either saturated or superheated, or by
any other gas introduced through the tube S S. The advantages of the apparatus,
however, are mostly apparent by the employment of the vacuum. So, for instance,
the apparatus can be used for distilling in the vacuum, by means of a direct fire,
glycerine, fatty acids etc, without the least decomposition and the operation
proceeds regularly and with a remarkable facility, owing to the uniformity of the
transmission of heat through the sides of the revolving still, and to the impossibility
of the vapours of distillation carrying off solid or non-gaseous parts, as the same
are retained by the centrifugal force.
In the still rotating at a convenient speed, the centrifugal force drives the liquid,
to be distilled, to the side walls of the still, ja the shape of a layer, the inner
surface of which has approximately the shape of a cylinder.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
C is the centrifugal still, mounted on the tube c, for the vapours of distillation
the said tube serving also as a driving shaft.
t is a man-hole with valve and thermometer.
V is an emptying cock for the residue or dregs.
ff' is the hearth and flues for the products of combustion.

page_text: Tr¹ are registers, of which opens at the instant, when the rotation of the still
ceases, which may be effected either by hand or by means of a regulator xx, as
indicated by the drawing.
g is an inlet tube for the liquid to be distilled.
88 is a superheater for steam and a steam conduit.
d is the outlet to the condenser.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare, that what
I claim is
A centrifugal distilling annaratua auhotantially na dogonibod