IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PULVERIZING OR REDUCING CEREALS, MINERALS OR OTHER. LIKE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1884

page_text: I EDWARD GARDNER COLTON of the firm of Popplewell Colton & Co., of Victoria
Chambers Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, Fellow of the
Institute of Patent Agents do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PULVERIZING OR REDUCING CEREALS,
MINERALS OR OTHER. LIKE SUBSTANCES " to be as follows:-
This Invention has reference to an improved machine, being a modification of
a prior application for Letters Patent filed herewith for pulverizing and reducing
cereals, minerals or other hard substances to any degree of fineness by the impact
of the substances against a surface by the action of centrifugal power which is
aided by the air that is more or less compressed at the interior of the machine.
while the same is running.
This Invention consists in the combination of a revolving disc secured to a
horizontal shaft, said disc being provided at its circumference with tapered
ejectors through which the material to be pulverized is made to pass with great
velocity, and a stationary casing enclosing said disc, the inner circumference of
which is provided with projections (preferably reversible and renewable when
worn) against which the material to be pulverized is impacted. The material is
fed to the interior by a suitable hopper near its centre and discharged from the
same at the lower part by means of screened and valved openings. One side of
the casing has a circular opening around the shaft through which the air is drawn
in. The casing is further provided at the upper part with tubular passages or
conduits that connect openings in the side-wall of the casing so as to equalize the
air pressure at the circumference of the casing. The other side-wall of the, casing
is provided with radial conduit tubes that connect openings near the circumference
with a chamber around the shaft whereby the material to be pulverized is returned

page_text: to the centre and forced again by centrifugal action produced by the rotation of
the disc, towards the circumference whereby it is repeatedly taken up by the
ejectors and impacted against the projections at the inner circumference of the
casing.
The tapered ejectors are provided with flanges bolted to projections on the disc
and their mouths are arranged in radial lines with the centre of the disc.
In reducing ores or very hard substances if the air drawn in and set in motion
by centrifugal action is not sufficient a separate supply may be furnished by an
air compressor.

page_text: I, EDWARD GARDNER COLTON of the firm of Popplewell Colton and Co. of
Victoria Chambers, Southampton Buildings in the County of Middlesex, Fellow
of the Institute of Patent Agents, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PULVERIZING OR REDUCING
CEREALS MINERALS OR OTHER LIKE SUBSTANCES" and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement-
This Invention has reference to an improved machine, being a modification of a
prior application for Letters Patent No. 2070 of 1884, for pulverizing and reducing
cereals minerals or other hard substances to any degree of fineness by the impact
of the substances against a surface by the action of centrifugal power, which is
aided by the air that is more or less compressed at the interior of the machine
while the same is running. The Invention consists in the combination of a
revolving disc secured to a horizontal shaft, said disc being provided at its
circumference with tapered ejectors through which the material to be pulverized is
made to pass with great velocity and a stationary casing enclosing said disc the
inner circumference of which is provided with projections and preferably reversible
and removeable when worn, against which the material to be pulverized is
impacted. The material is fed to the interior by a suitable hopper near its centre
and discharged from the same at the lower part by means of screened and valved
openings. One side of the casing has a circular opening around the shaft through
which the air is drawn in. The casing is further provided at the upper part with
tubular passages or conduits that connect openings in the side wall of the 'casing
so as to equalize the air pressure at the circumference of the casing.. The other
side wall of the casing is provided with radial conduit tubes that connect openings
near the circumference with a chamber around the shaft whereby the material to
be pulverized is returned to the centre and forced again by centrifugal action,
produced by the rotation of the disc, towards the circumference whereby it is
epeatedly taken up by the ejectors and impacted against the projections at the
inner circumference of the casing.
In the accompanying Drawings Figs. 1 and 2 represent side elevations of the
improved pulverizing machine shewing the same from opposite sides. Fig. 3 is a
vertical transverse section. Fig. 4 is a top view of one of the ejectors of the disc.
Fig. 5 is a sectional side view. Fig. 6 is an end view partly in vertical transverse
section on line x, x Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is a vertical longitudinal section through the
casing showing the disc and ejectors attached to the disc...
Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts. A. in the Drawings
represents a vertical disc the thickness of which decreases slightly from the centre
towards the circumference and which is secured by an enlarged centre hub A¹. of
greater thickness to a horizontal revolving shaft B that is supported in bearings
of upright standard C. The disc A is provided at its circumference with a number
of equidistant projections a to which funnel-shaped ejectors E are securely rivetted
by bolts passing through the flanges a¹ attached to the rear of said ejectors and
the intermediate projections a of the disc. The ejectors E are so attached to the
projections a that the edges of their widest portions or mouths are located in radial
lines drawn from the centre to the circumference of the disc A. The bodies of the
ejectors E are gradually contracted in the outer end, which has a narrow discharge.
opening e so that the substances which are taken up by the ejector during the
revolution of the disc are thrown with great velocity through the terminal

page_text: opening of the ejectors and impelled against interior projections f of the
circumference of the enclosing casing F. the ejectors are preferably constructed in
two parts to wit, a straight back plate a from which the flanges a project and an
angular front plate a³ said parts being united by screws a'. The shape of the side
walls of the casing F correspond to the shape of the funnel shaped ejectors E as
shewn in. Fig. 3. The projections of the casing F are made with inclined sides and
preferably of hardened steel they being so arranged in sections so that when one
side which has been exposed to wear by impact with the materials to be pulverized
is worn out, the sections can be reversed and thereby the other side of the
projections exposed to the impact of the material whereby both sides may be fully
utilized.
The materials to be pulverized are fed through a hopper F¹ arranged immediately
above the shaft near the centre of the casing F as shewn in Fig. 3. the hopper Fl
opens into a chamber F' arranged around the shaft in which the material is
conducted along the inclined bottom of the chamber and through an opening in
the side wall of the casing F to the interior of the same where it is delivered into
the path of the ejectors E by which it is taken up and thrown at a high degree of
speed by centrifugal action through the end openings e. e¹ of the ejectors against
the reducing projections f. the gradually diminishing width of the funnel shaped
ejectors E and the high degree of speed at which they are rotated causes the air to
be forced through with considerable pressure by which the action of the centrifugal
force is assisted and the materials hurled with great force against the projections
so that they are reduced to powder by impact therewith.
As each particle of the material is rapidly taken up and passed again and again
through the ejectors it is impacted a great number of times until the required
degree of fineness is obtained when it is drawn off through suitable screened
discharge openings f¹ at the lower part of the casing F the screens of the discharge
openings being made of different degrees of fineness so as to separate thereby the
material directly into different grades of fineness. The screened openings are
provided with slides or valves (not shewn in the Drawings) by which they may be
opened or closed as required. they are connected by separate conducting trunks,
indicated by dotted lines. in Fig. 3. to the settling chambers or bins in the storey
below as customary in pulverizing machines.
The screened discharge openings f¹ are arranged at both sides of the casing F
and serve to regulate the proper degree of fineness to which the materials are to
be reduced so as to separate them directly without requiring them to be passed
through a special bolting machine.
Owing to the rapid rotation of the disc A a current of air is formed at the
interior of the casing near the circumference of the same which prevents the return
of the finer particles towards the centre of the machine so that they can be taken
up again by the ejectors and thrown against the interior projections f of the casing.
To break the continuity of this circumferential current of air the casing F is
provided in one or both side walls with openings g, g, which are connected by
tubular passages or conduits G that serve to reduce the pressure at the interior of
the casing and cause thereby the breaking up of the circumferential current of air.
The openings g where the air and fine dust escapes laterally into the conduit
tubes G. are preferably of larger size than the openings g¹ where the air and dust
áre returned into the casing, the conduit tubes preferably diminishing corre-
spondingly whereby the passage of the air through the same is facilitated. The
opposite side-wall of the casing F is provided with openings. h. near the
circumference of the casing which are connected by radial tubes H with the
supply chamber F2 and which serve for the purpose of returning the material
from the circumference towards the centre of the machine where it is conducted
again into the path of the ejectors and thrown by the same against the projections f
so as to be reduced to a greater degree of fineness. When ores and similar
materials are to be reduced the combined action of the centrifugal force and of the
velocity of the air that carry the material through the funnel-shaped ejectors is

page_text: sufficient to reduce the same to a certain degree of fineness, but when a still
greater degree of fineness is required as in pulverizing cereals and similar
substances it is preferable to use in connection with the two forces referred to as
an additional force, artificially compressed air which is conducted from an exterior
source of supply through a suitable channel arranged in the shaft, disc and ejectors
as will more fully appear from a separate application for Letters Patent filed
herewith and numbered No. 2070 of 1884.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention as communicated to me from abroad by the said Lewis Scudder
Chichester and Claus Martin Edward Schroeder I claim on their behalf-
Firstly the combination with the disc fitted with the tapered ejectors and
casing F of the radial conducting tubes H adapted to continuously return the
material from the edge of the disc to the centre of the apparatus as and for the
purposes described.
Secondly. In combination with the casing F, the equalizing tubes G. G. to
equalize the pressure within the said casing as and for the purposes described.
Thirdly. The construction of the ejectors and means of securing same to the disc
substantially as described.
Fourthly. The general arrangements and combination of parts forming additions
to or improvements on the former apparatus in the before recited application
substantially as described.
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