IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING, COOLING, AND CONDENSING APPARATUSES
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Littell Tizard, of Mark Lane, in the City of
London, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING,
COOLING, AND CONDENSING APPARATUSES."
Sealed the 24th October 1862, and dated the 29th April 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Littell Tizard
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents with his Petition on
the 29th April 1862.
I, WILLIAM LITTELL TIZARD, of Mark Lane, in the City of London,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN HEATING, COOLING, AND CONDENSING APPARATUSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in casting of any suitable metal, or compound of
metals in one piece a square or oblong cellular plate, closed on three sides,
and open on its fourth side. Two of its contigous sides have flanges on both
top and bottom, which project a little more than one half of the thickness of
its two other sides, which are without flanges. The interior of this cellular
plate is provided partitions parallel with each other, each of which is short at.
one end alternately, so as to prolong the current of such fluids as pass between
them and around their short ends. These partitions by being cast on the top
and bottom portions of the cellular plate also strengthen the casting, and
enable it to withstand considerable internal pressure. A number of these
[Price 8d.]

page_text: castings of adequate area, and proportionate to the power of the instrument
required being provided, the flanges of each are pla ned and bolt holes drilled
in them to correspond each with the other. These cellular plates are now
piled one on the other, coming in contact by their flanges, only sufficient space
being allowed between their thinner parts to admit the Hat and thinnest
part of a plate (being its flangeless parts) without either touching the other.
This pile or nest of plates is bolted together on two sides. The edges of the
open side of the nest (all the open sides being one over the other) are now
planed to admit of being closed water or steam-tight by a door. There are
also communications from one cellular plate to another, and ingress and
egress pipes, by which steam, water, or other fluid passes from one corner
of the lowest plate to one corner of the uppermost plate, traversing in its
devious course around one end of each partition, and upwards by means
of a short tubular connection into the next plate, and through its somewhat
zig-zag course, heating or cooling the two surfaces of each cellular plate
throughout the whole series of the nest until the fluid makes its exit. The
above being but one-half of the apparatus, a similar nest of cellular plates
is constructed, excepting that it is mounted on four grooved wheels, and its
upper plate has its sides raised, so as to form a shallow receptacle for the
fluid to be cooled or heated. One of these nests is fixed in a shallow trough,
on the bottom of which is a small tramway. The four grooved wheels
before alluded to are placed on the lowest part of the other nest, which
runs on the tramway where it approaches or recedes from its counterpart,
videlicit, the stationary nest first described. When these two nests of
circular plates are brought together, they intersect without touching each
other either top or bottom, thus forming a shallow space or chaunel through-
out their combined series of one-sixteenth of an inch or less in depth between
each plate, but their sides necessarily touch to prevent the fluid that is
being operated on running in a wrong direction.
When the apparatus above described is used for heating water, the two
nests are run into each other, or rather the movable nest is run into the
stationary one, and the water flows over the top plate, passing over its front
edge, and falls on the innermost surface of the second plate (which is the
uppermost in the fixed chest), and under the bottom of the top plate, until it
reaches the front of the second plate, when the water flows back (but still
descending) between the bottom of the second plate and the surface of the
third plate, and so on until it reaches the trongh, from which it is conveyed
to its destination. During the time the water is flowing through this
thin channel steam passes into the lowest cellular plates of both nests by

page_text: separate pipes, winding its way through the passages formed by the internal
partitions, and upwards through each plate until it makes its exit from a
pipe in the top plate of each nest. By regulating the quantity of either
steam or water, the latter is heated to any temperature required while run-
ning through the apparatus.
When the above instrument is used for the purpose of cooling liquids,
such as brewers' worts, for example, the hot wort is run on to the top plate
and through the thin channel formed by the exterior of the combined nests
of cellular plates; cold water flows upwards through their interior in the
same devious path which the steam takes when heating a fluid. Any in-
strument which is used for the above purposes requires cleaning daily, or
immediately after using. To cleanse the exterior parts of this apparatus
ample space is afforded by merely separating the two nests by rolling the
one on the tramway out of its fixed counterpart. Their separation at once
converts the channels that werebefore but from asixteenth to a tenth of aninch
deep into open spaces or gaps of about 1 inch or two inches in depth, each of
which is open sufficiently on two sides to admit an ordinary scrubbing brush.
The interior steam or cold water spaces are cleaned with equal facility on
opening the doors which close them when in use. The novel character of
this arrangement of cellular plates consists in making the apparatus in two
similar and separable parts, so that when they are asunder they may be readily
cleaned, and when together a channel of a limited thinness is formed for the
passage of the fluids to be either heated or cooled.
In constructing steam condensers for marine and other purposes (such as
distilling) upon the principle above described, the cellular plates have but
one flange on each side instead of two, as before described, and are placed
on their edges (upright) and side by side to facilitate their drainage or
exhaustion, and are an inch or more apart when the two nests are together,
so as to make room for a large quantity of condensing water. When the two
nests are separated for the purpose of cleansing them, they present spaces at
least three inches deep,(or wide, the plates being vertical,) being ample for the
introduction of scrapers or scrubbers of any strength or form, the steam con-
deuses on the interior of each cellular plate. When preferred the condensing
water may be made to flow through the plates, and the steam to condense on
their outsides. By this reversal the power of the condenser is greater, and a
more perfect vacuum ensured, owing to the very thin steam spaces which are
afforded by this arrangement. The apparatus is enclosed in a suitable case,
and supplied with the necessary ingress and egress pipes.
Another part of my Invention has for its object economy of heat and fuel

page_text: on board such steam ships as are not provided with surface condensers, and
where the common jet system of condensation only is in use. Sea water
contains a variable quantity of common salt, besidess a small quantity of
salts of lime and magnesia. To allow these substances particularly the two
last, to accumulate in the boilers, is to hasten their destruction by the forma-
tion of a hard insoluble scale which obstructs the free passage of heat from the
furnaces to the water. The thickness of the deposit is proportionate to the
temperature of the water, the quantity of salts it holds in solution, and the
frequency of blowing off. To prevent their accumulation and adhesion to a
dangerous extent a much larger quantity of water is pumped into the boilers
from the hot well than is required for the formation of steam, and this
additional water is blown out again into the sea with its surplus salts and
acquired caloric. This process of feeding and blowing to be effective is con-
tinuous, and amounts upon an average to one-half of the water fed into the
boilers during a voyage. The heat thus blown away is generally equivalent to
20 per cent. of the coals consumed, and in water of southern latitudes is con-
siderably greater, notwithstanding that all the water used comes from the hot
well at a temperature varying from 100° to 120° Fahrenheit. The temperature
of the water thus blown away depends upon the pressure of the steam under
which the engines are worked, which, if taken at 20ths per inch would be 261°.
The foregoing conveys the necessary data, videlicit, that as much water at
261° is blown out of the boilers as is supplied to them at 110°.
This part of my Invention is to cause the well water and the blown out
water to exchange their temperatures. I pass the waste water as it is
ejected from the boilers through a cellular or tubular apparatus, (which is
here called a refrigerator,) on one side of its plates or tubes (as the case
may be) into the sea, and at the same time by pumping the well water in
the opposite direction through the same apparatus on the other side of the
plates or tubes into the boilers, thus the well water enters the apparatus at
110°, and goes into the boilers at 261°, while the waste water is cooled
from 261 to 110° before it escapes to the sea.
The following arrangement not only utilises a great portion of the heat
heretofore lost by a wasteful system, but in addition thereto increases the
purity of the water supplied to the boilers, and proportionally reduces the
necessity of blowing off. The before-named refrigerator is mounted with
a steam chest,connected with the hot well by means of a pipe and cock. On
partially blowing off the briny contents of a boiler, instead of conveying them
directly through the refrigerator as at first proposed, they are detained there a
minute or two, or until the pressure in both boiler and refrigerator is the

page_text: same when the latter is nearly full. About half a minute more is sufficient, to
allow the steam and water to separate and settle. The cock in the steam
chest is now turned on aud the steam converted by condensation into fresh
water by mixing with the contents of the hot well. Thus the purity of the
feed water is increased, as is also its temperature. The contents of the refri-
gerator are by this evaporating process reduced from 261° to 212°Fahrenheit.
The well water is now pumped through the apparatus, and in its transit to the
boilers is heated to 21°. The waste or blow off water is blown into the sea
by the next charge a few degrees hotter than that from which no steam was
taken, in consequence of the feed water acquiring additional heat from the
extra steam it condenses.
Anotherarrangement, forin, and adaptation of cast cellular platesisdesigned
for cooling the surface of brewers' worts when they are undergoing the
vinous fermentation, and also for collecting the yeast therefrom, so as to
supersede the ordinary mode of cleansing into a number of small casks. It
consists in casting them of any suitable metal, such as copper, brass, or iron,
and afterwards tinning or galvanizing them. They are of an oblong form,
with shallow trough-like tops, inverted cone-like bottoms, and closed ends,
with one or more partitions running through their interior. Three or more
are bolted together side by side about an inch apart; it is through the spaces
thus formed that the yeasty wort rises, and they are connected by means of
tubes for the ingress and egress of water which runs through the series. The
raised sides by which their trough-like surfaces are formed arealso connected
by short pipes, through which the yeasty contents of one trough flow into
the other.
Improved means to regulate the cooling and separation of such clean beer
as subsides on and under precipitated and floating yeast, is also an additional
improvement. The apparatus consists of a tube screwed on its exterior,
which passes through one of the double troughs working in a screwed nut and
a stuffing box. On the upper end is a small cup or cistern, with a few holes
in its bottom, and a movable cover on its top. It is through the perforated
bottom that all the beer passes that runs from the surface of the double
troughs (or the series of barm backs) downwards into the square. By raising
or lowering this separating apparatus so that its perforations shall be in the
clean beer towards the close of the fermenting or cleansing process, the
latter will flow away cool into the fermenting tun leaving all yeast behind
on the troughs or barm backs.
When this cellular cooling, fermenting, and cleansing apparatus is applied to
brewers' "squares" (rounds or ovals may also be fitted with apparatus con-

page_text: structed as herein-before described, but with such modifications as the shape
of the vessel demands) a pillar is fastened on each corner of the square, sup-
porting a frame which carries a wire-rope pulley on each corner, and its
centre supports a vertical drum, and its actuating worm and wheel. A wire
rope is attached to each corner of the united troughs, (which constitute the
cooling, fermenting, and cleansing apparatus,) passes upwards and over each
pulley, and each rope runs horizontally to the vertical drum to which it is
fastened. These ropes are coiled round the drum by turning the winch ou
the worm shaft when the apparatus is raised, by reversing its motion the
apparatus is lowered. This arrangement of gearing keeps the troughs
level and stationary in all situations.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent; filed
by the said William Littell Tizard, in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 29th October 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
LITTELL, TIZARD, of Mark Lane, in the City of London, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said William Littell Tizard, Her special licence that I, the said
William Littell Tizard, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said William Littell Tizard, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING, COOLING, AND CONDENSING APPARATUSES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Littell Tizard,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Littell Tizard, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, that is to say):-
My Invention consists in casting, of any suitable metal or compound of
metals,in one piece, a square or oblong cellular plate closed on three sides and
open on its fourth side; two of its contiguous sides have flanges on both top
and bottom, which project a little more than one half of the thickness of its
two other sides which are without flanges. The interior of this cellular plate
is provided with partitions parallel with each other, each of which is short at
one end alternately, so as to prolong the current of such fluids as pass between
them and around their short ends. These partitions by being cast on the top
and bottom portions of the cellular plate also strengthen the casting,and enable
it to withstand considerable internal pressure. A number of these castings of
adequate area and proportionate to the power of the instrument required
being provided, the flanges of each are planed and bolt holes drilled in them
to correspond each with the other. These cellular plates are now piled one on
the other, coming in contact by their flanges, only sufficient space being
allowed between their thinner parts to admit the flat and thinnest part of
a plate (being its flangeless parts) without either touching the other. This
pilo or nest of plates is bolted together on two sides. The edges of the open
side of the nest (all the open sides being one over the other) are now planed
to admit of being closed water or steam tight by a door. There are also
communications from one cellular plate to another, and ingress and egress
pipes by which steam, water, or other fluid passes from one corner of the
lowest plate to one corner of the uppermost plate, traversing in its devious
course around one end of each partition, and upwards by means of a short
tubularconnection with the next plate,and through its somewhat zig-zag course
heating or cooling the two surfaces of each cellular plate throughout the
whole series of the nest until the fluid makes its exit. The above being but
one-half of the apparatus a similar nest of cellular plates is constructed,
excepting that it is mounted on four grooved wheels, and its upper plate has
its sides raised so as to form a shallow receptacle for the fluid to be cooled or
licated. One of these nests is fixed in a shallow trough, on the bottom of
which is a small tramway. The four grooved wheels before alluded to are
placed on the lowest part of the other nest which runs on the tramway when
it approaches or recedes from its counterpart, viz., the stationary nest first
described. When these two nests of cellular plates are brought together they

page_text: intersect without touching each other either top or bottom, thus forming a
shallowspace or channel throughout their combined series of one-sixteenth of
an inch or less in depth between each plate, but their sides necessarily touch
to prevent the fluid that is being operated on running in a wrong direction.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a partial section of the square
or oblong casting open on one side constructed according to my Invention.
a, b, are flanges at top and bottom of each plate for uniting together a series
of plates c, c.
Figure 2 is another vessel also fitted with plates d, d, similar
to those marked c, c, which are placed one within the other with a set of
partitions shown at Figure 3,all as represented at Figure 4. The plate c¹ on
the partitions shewn at Figure 3 forms a door to the apparatus. The vessel
shewn at Figure 2 carrying the plates d,d, is mounted on wheels e, e, whereby
this vessel is run into that shewn at Figure 1. f is the inlet pipe for the
wort or other liquid to be cooled, which takes a zig-zag course in its passage
through the vessel, as indicated by the arrows, falls into a tray g at bottom,
& finds its exit by the pipe h; i is the inlet pipe for the water to the vessel
shown at Figure 1, and k is the inlet pipe for the water to the vessel shewn
at Figure 2. The water in both cases circulates upwards through the
vessels, as indicated by the arrows, and passes off by the pipes l, 1.
When the apparatus above described is used for heating water the two
nests are run into each other, or rather the moveable nest is run into the
stationary one, and the water flows over the top plate, passing over its front
edge and falls on the innermost surface of the second plate (which is the
uppermost in the fixed chest) and under the bottom of the top plate, until it
reaches the front of the second plate, when the water flows back (but still
descending) between the bottom of the second plate and the surface of the
third plate, and so on until it reaches the trough from which it is conveyed to
its destination. During the time thewateris flowing through this thin channel
steam passes into the lowest cellular plates of both nests by separate pipes,
winding its way through the passages formed by the internal partitions, and
upwards through each plate until it makes its exit from a pipe in the top plate
of each nest. By regulating the quantity of either steam or water the latter
is heated to any temperature required while running through the apparatus.
When the above instrument is used for the purpose of cooling liquids, such
as brewers' worts, for example, the hot wort is run on to the top plate and
through the thin channel formed by the exterior of the combined nests of
cellular plates; cold water flows upwards through their interior in the same
devious path which the steam takes when heating a fluid.
Any instrument which is used for the above purposes requires cleaning

page_text: daily or immediately after using. To cleanse the exterior parts of this
apparatus ample space is afforded by merely separating the two nests by
rolling the one on the tramway out of its fixed counterpart. Their sepa-
ration at once converts the channels that were before but rath of an inch
deep into open spaces or gaps of about two inches in depth, each of which
is open sufficiently on two sides to admit an ordinary scrubbing brush. The
interior steam or cold water spaces are cleaned with equal facility on
opening the doors which close them when in use.
The novel character of this arrangement of cellular plates consists in
making the apparatus in two similar and separable parts, so that when they
are asunder they may be readily cleaned, and when together a channel of
unlimited thinness is formed for the passage of the fluids to be either heated
or cooled.
In constructing steam condensers for marine and other purposes (such as
distilling) upon the principle above described, the cellular plates have but one
flange on each side, instead of two as before described, and are placed on their
edges (upright) and side by side to facilitate their drainage or exhaustion, and
are an inch or more apart when the two nests are together, so as to make
When the two nests are
room for a large quantity of condensing water.
separated for the purpose of cleansing them they present spaces at least three
inches deep (or wide, the plates being vertical), being ample for the introduc.
tion of scrapers or scrubbers of any strength or form, the steam condenses on
the interior of each cellular plate. When preferred, the condensing water
may be made to flow through the plates, and the steam to condense on their
outsides; by this reversal, the power of the condenser is greater, and a more
perfect vacuum ensured, owing to the very thin steam spaces which are
afforded by this arrangement. The apparatus is enclosed in a suitable case,
and supplied with the necessary ingress and egress pipes.
Another part of my Invention has for its object economy of heat and fuel on
board such steam ships as are not provided with surface condensers and where
Sea water contains a
the common jet system of condensation ouly is in use.
variable quantity of common salt besides a small quantity of salts of lime and
magnesia. To allow these substances, particularly the two last, to accumulate
in the boilers is to hasten their destruction by the formation of a hard in.
soluble scale, which obstructs the free passage of heat from the furnaces to the
The thickness of the deposit is proportionate to the temperature of
the water, the quantity of salts it holds in solution, and the frequency of
"blowing off." To prevent their accumulation and adhesion to a dangerous
extent, a much larger quantity of water is pumped into the boilers from the
water.

page_text: hot well than is required for the formation of steam, and this additional water
is blown out again into the sea with its surplus salts and acquired caloric.
This process of feeding and blowing to be effective is continuous, and amounts
upon an average to one half of the water fed into the boilers during a voyage.
The heat thus blown away is generally equivalent to 20 per cent. of the coals
consumed, and in waters of southern latitudes is considerably greater,notwith-
standing that all the water used comes from the hot well at a temperature
varying from 100° to 120° Fahrenheit. The temperature of the water thus
blown away depends upon the pressure of the steam under which the engines
are worked, which, if taken at 20 lbs. per inch, would be 261°. The fore-
going conveys the necessary data, viz., that as much water at 26.0 is blown
out of the boilers as is supplied to them at 110°. This part of iny Invention
is to cause the well water and the blown-out water to exchange their tempera-
tures. I pass the waste water as it is ejected from the boilers through a cellular
or tubular apparatus (which is here called a refrigerator) on one side of its
plates or tubes (as the case may be) into the sea, and at the same time by
pumping the well water in the opposite direction through the same apparatus
on the other side of the plates or tubes into the boilers; thus, the well water
enters the apparatus at 110° degrees, and goes into the boilers at 261", while
the waste water is cooled from 261° to 110° before it escapes to the sea.
The following arrangement not only utilizes a great portion of the beat here-
tofore lost by a wasteful system, but in addition thereto increases the purity of
the water supplied to the boilers, and proportionately reduces the necessity of
blowing off; the before-named refrigerator is mounted with a steam chest con-
nected with the hot well by means of a pipe and cock. On partially blowing
off the briny contents of a boiler, instead of conveying then directly through the
refrigerator, as at first proposed, they are retained there a minute or two, or
until the pressure in both boiler and refrigerator is the same when the latter
is nearly full; about half a minute more is sufficient to allow the steam and
The cock in the steam chest is now turned on,
water to separate and settle.
and the steam converted by condensation into fresh water by mixing with the
contents of the hot well. Thus, the purity of the feed water is increased, as is
also its temperature. The contents of the refrigerator are, by this evaporating
process, reduced from 261 to 212° Fahrenheit. The well water is now
pumped through theapparatusandinits transit to the boilers is heated to 2129.
The waste or blow-off water is blown into the sea by the next charge, a few
degrees hotter than that from which no steam was taken, in consequence of the
feed water acquiring additional heat from the extra steam it condenses.
I cool atmospheric air, oxygen gas, or other aëriform bodies by pumping or

page_text: forcing them into a similar multitudular cylinder, as last described, or into the
refrigerator before mentioned, until considerable heat is developed by such
compression; I then abstract the caloric by passing cold water either through
the small tubes of the cylinder or by running cold water on to the exterior of the
refrigerator, until the atmospheric air or other compressed aëriform body is
cooled down to the temperature of the water; I then discharge it into what-
ever vessel fluids or liquids may require oxydising or cooling, (or both,) below
the temperature of ordin ry spring water, which varies from 51 to 53 Fahr.
Another arrangement, form, and adaption of cast cellular plates is designed
for cooling the surface of brewers' worts when they are undergoing the vinous
fermentation, and also for collecting the yeast therefrom, so as to supersede the
ordinary mode of cleansing, into a number of small casks. It consists in
casting them of any suitable metal, such as copper, brass, or iron, and after-
wards tinning or galvanizing them. They are of an oblong form with shallow
trough-like tops, inverted cone-like bottoms, and closed ends, with one or moro
partitions running through their interior. Three or more are bolted together
side by side, about an inch apart; it is through the spaces thus formed that
the yeasty wort rises, and they are connected by means of tubes for the ingress
and egress of water which runs through the series. The raised sides by which
their trough-like surfaces are formed are also connected by short pipes, through
which the yeasty contents of one trough flows into the other.
Figure 5 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 6 is a plan of the arrange-
ment just described. m, m, are the shallow trough-like tops of the oblong
vessels, and n, n, are the inverted cone-like bottoms of the same; o, o,
are pipes forming a communication between the conical bottoms. Water is
admitted by the pipe p, circulates through the cone-like bottoms until it issues
by the pipe q. The trough-like tops m, m, contain the wort or other liquid to
be cooled, and the beer contained in it runs off by the pipes r, r. The wort
troughs may be put in communication with one another by pipes, if desired.
Improved means to regulate the cooling & separation of such clean beer as
subsides on & under precipitated & floating yeast is also an additional improve-
ment. The apparatus consists of a tube screwed on its exterior, which passes
thro' one of the double troughs, working in a screwed nut & a stuffing box. On
the upper end is a small cup or cistern with a few holes in its bottom, & a
movable cover on its top. It is thro' the perforated bottom that all the beer
passes that runs from the surface of the double troughs (or the series of barm
backs) downwards into the square. By raising or lowering this separating
apparatus so that its perforations shall be in the clean beer towards the close
of the fermenting or cleansing process, the latter will flow away cool into the

page_text: fermenting tun, leaving all yeast behind on the troughs or barm backs. When
this cellular cooling, fermenting, & cleansing apparatus is applied to brewers'
squares (rounds or ovals may also be fitted with apparatus constructed as before
described, but with such modifications as the shape of the vessel demands), a
pillar is fastened on each corner of the square supporting a frame which carries
a wire rope pulley on each corner, & its centre supports a vertical drum &
its actuating worm and wheel. A wire rope is attached to each corner of the
united troughs (which constitute the cooling, fermenting, & cleansing appa-
ratus), passes upwards & over each pulley, & each rope runs horizontally to
the vertical drum to which it is fastened. These ropes are coiled round the
drum by turning the winch on the worm shaft when the apparatus is raised;
by reversing its motion the apparatus is lowered. This arrangement of
gearing, a section of which is given at Figure 7, keeps the troughs level and
stationary in all situations.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Littell Tizard, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of October, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-two.
W. L. TIZARD. (L.s.)