IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HANGING, OPENING, CLOSING, AND
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Cole, of Victoria Park Road, South
Hackney, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HANGING, OPENING, CLOSING, AND

page_text: secured when closed and kept in any position to which they may be
opened.
Secondly. In the application and employment of an endless chain
and pulley arrangement for hanging sliding sashes, shutters, and
doors.
In carrying out the first part of my Invention which is applicable
with the greatest advantage to the heavier and more expensive class of
sashes, doors, and shutters, I employ two vertical screws at each side of
the sash frame, one of such screws on each side being for the lower sash
and the other for the upper sash; these screws work in bearings close to
the ususal hanging style of the sash frame. Each screw (which may be
cut with one or more threads) is provided with a screw nut having a
stud which passes through a slot in the style of the sash frame. The
ends of these studs fit into sockets in the sides of the sashes; the lower
end of each screw carries a crown wheel, and under the window sill is
fixed a plate having bearings, in which work two horizontal shafts one
above the other. Each shaft has a spur wheel at each end, and these
wheels gear into the crown wheels of the screws respectively. Two
short spindles are provided having bevil wheels gearing into bevil wheels
on the horizontal shafts. The outer ends of the short spindles are
squared and a key or winch is provided for turning the same so as to
communicate motion to the screws, whereby the sash will be raised or
lowered according to the direction in which the winch is turned.
Instead of the gearing herein-before described bevil gearing or friction
rollers may be employed to drive the screws.
I sometimes place the screws under the window sashes, in which case
only one screw is required for each sash. The nuts of the screws are
connected to horizontal bars, the ends of which have vertical rods con-
nected to the sash frames. The screws are driven in a similar manner to
that herein-before described or direct by the key or winch.
In carrying out the second part of my Invention I use an endless
chain working over spike wheels at the top and bottom of the sash frame,
or the lower wheel may be a plain pulley. The style is grooved to allow
of connecting the chain to the sash by means of a stud or otherwise; or
the wheels may be placed in slots at the top and bottom of the style, in
which case the style would not require to be grooved.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Frederick Cole in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 25th August 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
COLE, of Victoria Park Road, South Hackney, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of February, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Frederick Cole, Her special license
that I, the said Frederick Cole, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Frederick Cole, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR HANGING, OPENING, CLOSING, AND SECURING SLIDING WINDOW
SASHES, SHUTTERS, AND DOORS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Frederick Cole, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick Cole, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereto
annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to
sav

page_text: or to sliding partitions for hanging, opening, and closing the same, and
whereby they are firmly secured when closed and kept in any position
to which they may be opened.
Secondly. In the application and employment of an endless chain
and pulley arrangement for hanging sliding sashes, shutters, and
doors.
In carrying out the first part of my Invention which is applicable
with the greatest advantage to the heavier and more expensive class of
sashes, doors, shutters, and partitions, I employ two vertical screws at
each side of the sash frame, one of such screws on each side being for
the lower sash and the other for the upper sash; these screws work in
bearings close to the usual hanging style of the sash frames. Each
screw is provided with a screw nut having a stud which passes through
a slot in the style of the sash frame. The ends of these studs fit or
screw into sockets in the sides of the sashes; the lower end of each screw
carries a crown or a bevil wheel, and under the window sill is fixed a
plate having bearings in which work two horizontal shafts one above the
other. Each shaft has a spur or bevil wheel at each end, and these
wheels gear into the crown or bevil wheels of the screws respectively.
Two short spindles are provided having bevil wheels gearing into bevil
wheels on the horizontal shafts. The outer ends of the short spindles
are squared, and a key or winch is provided for turning the same so as
to communicate motion to the screws, whereby the sash will be raised or
lowered according to the direction in which the winch is turned.
Instead of the gearing herein-before described friction rollers may be
employed to drive the screws.
I sometimes place the screws under the window sashes in which case
only one screw is required for each sash. The nuts of the screws are
connected to horizontal bars, the ends of which have vertical rods con-
nected to the sash frames. The screws are driven in a similar manner
to that herein-before described or direct by the key or winch.
In carrying out the second part of my Invention I use an endless
chain working over spike wheels at the top and bottom of the sash frame,
or the lower wheel may be a plain pulley. The style is grooved to
allow of connecting the chain to the sash by means of a stud or
otherwise; or the wheels may be placed in slots at the top and bottom

page_text: of the style, in which case the style would not require to be slotted as
herein-before described.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, I will now
proceed to describe the same more particularly by reference to the
accompanying Drawing in which,-
Figure 1 is an elevation partly in section of a pair of sliding sashes
and frame, shewing my arrangement for hanging, opening, closing, and
securing the sashes by means of screws at the sides of the sashes,
according to the first part of my Invention; Figure 2, section on
line A, B, of Figure 1.
Figure 3, part elevation of a sash and frame shewing the screw
placed underneath the window sill; Figure 4, section on line C, D, of
Figure 3.
Figure 5, part front sectional elevation shewing my improved endless
chain and spike wheel arrangement for hanging sliding sashes according
to the second part of my Invention; Figure 6, side elevation of
same.
•
In Figures 1 and 2, a, a, and b, b, are the vertical screws on each side
of the sash frame, the screws a, a, being for the lower sash c, and the
screws b, b, for the upper sash d; e, e, are the bearings for the screws;
ff, are the screw nuts of the screws a, a, and 9, g, the screw nuts of the
screws b, b; each nut has a stud i. Each stud of the screw nuts f, f,
passes through a vertical slot h in the lower part of the usual hanging
style of the sash frame, and the studs of the screw nuts 9, 9, pass
› through similar slots k in the upper part of the style j. The ends of
the studs projecting through the slots in the styles j, j, fit or screw into
sockets in the upper and lower sashes respectively. 1, 1, are the bevil
wheels at the lower ends of the screws a, a; and 1, l, the bevil wheels
at the lower ends of the screws b, b; m, m', are the horizontal shafts
working in bearings n, n, n; o, o, are the bevil wheels at the ends of
the shaft m, and gearing into the bevil wheels 1, 2, of the screws a, a;
and o¹, o¹, are the bevil wheels at the ends of the shaft m¹ gearing into
the bevil wheels 7, 1, of the screws b, b; p, p³, are the short spindles
squared at their outer ends, and carrying bevil wheels q, q', at their
inner ends gearing into bevil wheels r, r', on the horizontal shafts m, m³,
respectively. By this arrangement it will be understood that if the
spindle p be turned by means of a suitable key or winch, the shaft m

page_text: will be set in motion, and the screws a, a, will be turned and will cause
the screw nuts f, f, to travel upwards along the screws a, a, thereby
raising the sash c to which the nuts f, f, are connected as herein-before
described to any desired position; the lowering of the sash is effected by
turning the key in the opposite direction. The upper sash ₫ can be
lowered and raised in a similar manner to the sash c by turning the
spindle p by means of the key or winch, so as to operate the screws b, b,
and screw nuts g, g.
I would observe that if the sashes be closed or be raised or lowered to
any other position they can only be moved by the turning of the screws;
the usual sash fastenings therefore are not required.
In Figures 3 and 4, I shew the screw placed under the window sill of
the sash, one sash only being shewn for the sake of simplicity. a is the
screw, the lower end of which works in a footstep b, and the upper end
in a suitable bearing c; d is the screw nut carrying the horizontal
bars e, e, the outer ends of which are connected to the vertical rods f,f;
these rods ff, pass upwards, their upper ends being provided with studs,
shewn in dotted lines, which pass through slots in the styles of the frame
and are connected to the sash j in a similar manner to the studs of the
screw nuts described in Figure 1. The screw is operated by means of a
key on the squared spindle g carrying a bevil wheel h, gearing into the
bevil wheel i on the screw a. The bars e, e, are curved so as to keep
the screw free of the sash when in its lowest position. The screw and
connections for the upper sash are not shewn in the Drawing, but being
similar to those for the lower sash require no description.
In carrying out the second part of my Invention, as shewn in
Figures 5 and 6, I employ on each side of the sash frame an endless
chain a for the lower sash b, and a similar chain c for the upper sash d.
Each chain works over a spike or dug wheel e, suitably fixed at the top
of the style f of the sash frame, and a plain pulley g at the lower part of
the style f; or a spike or dug wheel may be used instead of the
pulleys 9, 9; the style f is slotted at hand i, as described in the first
part of my Invention, and the chains a and c are connected to their
respective sashes by studs or screws j, j, passing through the said slots.
By this arrangement the sashes may be easily raised or lowered to any
desired position by moving them by hand in the usual manner, and the
teeth of the spike wheels taking into the links of the chains will keep
the sashes in the position in which they are placed.

page_text: Figure 7 is a view shewing a modification of the last described
arrangement, whereby the slots in the styles and the studs are dispensed
with, and less length of chain is required. e is the dug wheel, and g the
pulley which are fixed in slots in the style f on each side of the sash
frame; a is the chain which passes over the dug wheel e and pulley g,
one end of the chain being connected to the upper rail of the sash, and
the other end to the bottom rail of the sash. The operation is the same
as in the arrangement shewn in Figures 5 and 6.
Having thus described my said Invention and the best means with
which I am acquainted for carrying it into effect, I wish it to be under-
stood that I do not confine myself to the precise details herein laid down,
as the same may be varied, but what I claim is,—
Firstly. The hanging, opening, closing, and securing sliding window
sashes, shutters, and doors, by means of screw nuts connected to the
sash, shutter, or door, by studs passing through and working in slots in
the styles of the frames, such screw nuts being raised and lowered by
vertical screws operated by suitable gearing, and placed at each side of
the sash, shutter, or door, substantially as herein-before described and
represented in Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawing.
Secondly. The modification in which the screw is placed under the
sash, as herein-before described and represented in Figures 3 and 4 of
the accompanying Drawing.
Thirdly. The employment of endless chains and spike wheels in
combination with slots in the styles of the frame for hanging sliding
window sashes, shutters, and doors, as herein-before described and
represented in Figures 5 and 6 of the accompanying Drawing.
Fourthly. The modification of this arrangement as herein-before
described and shewn in Figure 7 of the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Cole, have hereto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.