IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES AND IN THE CARDING APPLIANCES THEREOF, AND IN APPARATUS FOR OPERATING UPON SUCH APPLIANCES."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Ashworth and Elijah Ashworth, of the Firm of
Ashworth, Brothers, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, for
an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES AND IN THE CARDING
APPLIANCES THEREOF, AND IN APPARATUS FOR OPERATING UPON SUCH
APPLIANCES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Ashworth and Elijah
Ashworth at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th November
1880.
GEORGE ASHWORTH and ELIJAH ASHWORTH, of the Firm of Ashworth, Brothers,
of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CARDING ENGINES AND IN THE CARDING APPLIANCES THEREOF, AND IN APPARATUS
FOR OPERATING UPON SUCH APPLIANCES."
Our Invention has for its object to render more perfect the action of the carding
surfaces of carding engines. Hitherto the edges of the carding surfaces of the
cylinders and rollers have been more or less uneven, and have not coincided
throughout the engine, and in consequence it has been necessary to make the
collective carding surface wider than the sheet of carded fibres, so that a margin at
each end of each cylinder and roller has not been utilised to practical effect in the
carding, and has caused waste of material and "ragged selvedges" on the sheet or
sliver. To obviate this defect in the first part of our Invention we employ a
revolving emery wheel to cut the edges of each carding cylinder and roller during
its revolution, so that true edges are produced; and we make these edges correspond
throughout the engine. The emery wheel is mounted upon a revolvable shaft,
which can be mounted in the grinding brackets, or is provided with bearings
which fit in the said brackets. The cylinder is caused to revolve, and the emery
wheel is driven rapidly, and is regulated to cut away the wires at the end of the
cylinder until a true edge is produced. The emery wheel may be arranged to
revolve in a carriage which is mounted upon a bar or bearer, which can be applied
to the carding engine, and, if preferred, two emery wheels may act in concert. In
[ Price 8dl

page_text: the case of the main cylinder we prefer to apply an edging ring of wood, metal, or
other suitable material, fitting close to the cut edge of the cards, and projecting a
little beyond the surface. This edging may be bent or coiled around the cylinder
or be formed in segments secured by means of screws, pins, or catches, or be a
segment of a ring secured to the framing. The "licker-in," the doffer, and each
roller is cut down to enter between the edging rings, and to run as closely as is
practicable thereto. We may apply edgings to the other cylinders and rollers, but
such edgings will be below the carding surfaces. We expect to be able to utilise
the whole of the carding surfaces, and thereby to obtain better selvedges. In the
cases of engines provided with flats we cut down the ends of the cards upon the
flats to suit the width of the cylinder carding surface. In the case of a chain of
flats the flats are successively subjected to the action of the grinding wheel by the
traverse of the chain. The grinding apparatus may be employed to test the
accuracy of the carding surface, in which case the revolving emery wheel would be
moved by hand, so as to skim lightly over the said surface, and to detect or to cut
away any protruding points. In the case of condenser carding engines having
spaces formed around the doffer we employ a revolving emery wheel, or two or
more wheels to cut the said spaces. In the second place we employ solid emery
or abrading wheels to cut down the longer wires in flat cards, in order to produce
a more uniform surface preparatory to the ordinary grinding, having for its object
to sharpen the cards. In an apparatus which we have devised for this purpose two
or more wheels are fixed upon a spindle, which is fitted to revolve in a traversing
carriage which is moved to and fro upon its bed, so as to cause the wheels to act
upon two flats, which are secured in position above or below the said wheels to
beds or parts, which are fitted to slide towards and from the grinding wheels; or
the wheel spindle may be mounted in a frame, which can be moved towards and
from the flats. A third part of our Invention has for its object to obtain smooth
metallic bottoms to the cards on rollers or cylinders. We coil wire or metal
ribands around the roller or cylinder, so that each coil shall lie in the bottom of the
space between two rows.of card dents. In some cases we may employ the coils of
wiro as means for keeping down the card foundation, in which cases fewer coils
would be necessary. In the laying of the coils we employ a perforated and grooved
guide, which enters between the rows of dents. According to a fourth part of our
Invention we employ a rapidly revolving emery wheel to enter between the rows
of dents so as to sharpen the dents, which are held apart for the entrance and
operation of the wheels by means of a plough or tool which runs in the spaces
between the rows. For the sake of expedition a number of wheels would be
mounted upon one spindle, a corresponding number of ploughs being employed.
The card whilst being operated upon is drawn forwards by suitable means, or is
carried forwards by a drum, or the card or the grinder is otherwise traversed. In a
remaining part of our Invention we adapt to the lap bracket, or to a suitable part
of the carding engine, a removable case, enclosing a revolvable brush and clearing
combs, and formed to enclose a card roller. We drive the brush by means of the
loose pulley. A roller, which requires to be cleaned, can be shut up in the casing,
and be turned round therein so as to cleaned by the brush.

page_text: •
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said George Ashworth and Elijah Ashworth in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 4th May 1881.
GEORGE ASHWORTH and ELIJAH ASHWORTH, of the Firm of Ashworth, Brothers,
of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CARDING ENGINES AND IN THE ČARDING APPLIANCES THEREFOR, AND IN APPARATUS
FOR OPERATING UPON SUCH APPLIANCES."
35
Our Invention has for its object to render more perfect the action of the carding
surfaces of carding engines. Hitherto the edges of the carding surfaces of the
cylinders and rollers have been more or less uneven, and have not coincided
throughout the engine, and in consequence it has been necessary to make the
collective carding surface wider than the sheet of carded fibres, so that a margin
at each end of each cylinder and roller has not been utilised to practical effect in
the carding, and has caused waste of material and "ragged selvedges
on the sheet
or sliver. To obviate this defect is the object of the first part of our Invention.
We employ a revolving emery wheel to cut the edges of each carding cylinder and
roller during its revolution, so that true edges are produced, and we make these
edges correspond throughout the engine. If preferred two emery wheels may act
in concert. In the case of the main cylinder we prefer to apply an edging ring of
wood, metal, or other suitable material, fitting close to the cut edge of the cards,
and projecting a little beyond the surface. The "licker-in," the doffer, and cach
roller is cut down to enter between the edging rings, and to run as closely thereto
as is practicable. In the cases of engines provided with flats we cut down the ends
of the cards upon the flats to suit the width of the cylinder carding surface. In
the case of a chain of flats the flats are successively subjected to the action of the
grinding wheel by the traverse of the chain. The grinding apparatus may be
employed to test the accuracy of the carding surface, in which case the revolving
emery wheel would be moved by hand so as to skim lightly over the said surface, and
to detect or to cut away any protruding points. In the case of condenser carding
engines having spaces formed around the doffer we employ a revolving emery
wheel, or two or more wheels, to cut the said spaces. In the second place, we
employ solid emery or abrading wheels to cut down the longer wires in flat cards,
in order to produce a more uniform surface preparatory to the ordinary grinding,
having for its object to sharpen the cards. In an apparatus which we have devised
for this purpose two or more wheels are fixed upon a spindle, which is fitted to
revolve in a traversing carriage, which is moved too and fro upon its bed so as to
cause the wheels to act upon two flats. A third part of our Invention has for its
object to obtain smooth metallic bottoms to the cards on rollers or cylinders.
We coil wire or metal ribands around the roller or cylinder so that each coil shall
lic in the bottom of the space between two rows of card dents. In the laying of
the coils we employ a perforated and grooved guide, which enters between the
rows of dents. According to a fourth part of our Invention we employ a rapidly
revolving grinding wheel to enter between the rows of dents so as to sharpen the
dents, which are held apart for the entrance and operation of the wheel by means
of a plough or tool which runs in the space between the rows. For sake of
expedition a number of wheels would be mounted upon one spindle, a corresponding
number of ploughs being employed. And in order that our Invention may be
fully understood we have attached hereunto two Sheets of Drawings, which aro
marked with letters of reference, the Figures in Sheet 1 being illustrative of the
first and second parts of our Invention, and the Figures in Sheet 2 of the third and
fourth parts thereof. Referring to Sheet 1, Fig. 1 represents a side view of a

page_text: .
carding engine, and is illustrative of the application of the apparatus which we use
when carrying into effect the first part of our Invention; Fig. 2, drawn about one
quarter of the full size, represents one method of mounting the emery wheel which
we use to produce true edges on the carding surfaces. In the said Figure a is a
bracket, which is formed with a bearing in which a shaft is fitted to revolve.
Upon one end of the said shaft is fixed a pulley b, and upon the other end is
mounted an emery grinding wheel c. The wheel c is secured between flanches
upon a collar d, which is fitted to slide upon the shaft, and is caused to turn there-
with by means of a fast key, or by other suitable means. The sliding traverse of
the collar d upon the shaft can be regulated by means of two adjustable collars e, e¹.
The collar d is grooved to receive a handle, which may be used to slide the said
collar to and fro upon the shaft. The forked end of such a handle is represented
in Fig. 4, wherein f. f, are two swivel blocks which are formed with faces which
are curved to fit the bottom of the groove in the collar, and are pressed inwards
by means of springs. When the blocks fare introduced into the groove the springs
yield and permit the blocks to pass into position to fit upon the bottom of the
groove, when the collar d may be readily slid to and fro by means of the said
handle. The bracket a is rendered adjustable by means of a screw g, as seen in
Figure 3, which represents a front view of the bracket. In Fig. 1 the said bracket is
represented as when bolted to the side of the "doffer" casing. Upon the
shaft of the brush which clears the flats is fixed a pulley h, and a strap upon
this pulley acts upon the pulley b and causes the grinding wheel to revolve
rapidly. The doffer is also revolved, and the emery wheel is permitted to cut
the wires for a determined distance from the end of the doffer so as to leave a
determined and uniform width of "wire," the collar e¹ being adjusted to limit the
movement of the grinder so that the wires are cut away to the determined
circumferential line, the carding surface being left with a true clean cut edge. As
required during the grinding or cutting away of the wires the bracket a is adjusted
nearer to the axis of the doffer. The dotted lines at a' indicate the application of
the bracket a to the frame in the place of the ordinary grinder bracket when the
edges of the main cylinder are to be operated upon by the grinding wheel, and the
dotted lines at a² indicate the application of the apparatus when intended to
operate upon the flats, the end edges of each flat being rendered true as the flat
passes over a short bend. The grinder shaft may receive motion from the pulley h
in all positions of the bracket a, or any other suitable method of driving may be
adopted in any case. The bracket a may be shifted from one side of the engine
to the other so as to operate upon both ends of the doffer cylinder or flat, or two
brackets may be used, one for each side of the engine. In a modification of the
apparatus the grinding wheel or two grinding wheels is or are mounted upon a
shaft which revolves in brackets secured to the two sides of the engine, or in the
ordinary grinding brackets, or in bearings which are formed to fit therein, or the
grinding wheel shaft may be mounted in or upon a carriage which may be fitted to
slide upon a bar or bearer, so that any part of the carding surface may be operated
upon, the part upon which the shaft is mounted being also fitted to slide towards
the carding surface, and having a screw adjustment, the arrangement being similar
to the slide rest of a lathe. We should use such an arrangement to test the
accuracy of the carding surface by sliding the carriage from side to side of the
engine, the revolving grinder being allowed to skim the surface of the doffer or
cylinder and thereby to detect or cut away any protruding points as hereinbefore
mentioned. Also such an arrangement would be suitable for use when employing
a revolving wheel to cut away the card teeth so as to form isolated rings of cards,
such, for example, as are used in condenser carding engines. The small carding
rollers and clearers may have their edges cut either in their places in the engine,
or when revolving in a lathe, or in a specially constructed apparatus. Fig. 5
represents a portion of a main cylinder having the edges trued in the manner
herein described, and having edging rings i applied close to the margins of the
wires. The edging rings may be of wood, metal or other suitable material, and

page_text: may be bent or coiled around the cylinder, or be formed in segments secured by
means of screws, pins, or catches, the upper surface of the edging extending
slightly above or beyond the points of the wires. The remaining Figures in
Sheet 1 are illustrative of the second part of our Invention. Fig. 6, drawn to a
scale of about one and a quarter inches to the foot, is a front elevation; Fig. 7, an
end view; and Fig. 8, a plan of a machine for operating upon flats preparatory
to the ordinary grinding or sharpening operations. A carriage j is fitted to slide
upon a planed bed, and in bearings formed in a bracket m upon the said carriage
a shaft n is fitted to revolve, being driven by means of a strap acting upon a
pulley o. The bracket m is fitted to slide vertically, and is adjusted by means of
a screw, which can be operated by means of a handle p. Upon the said shaft are
fixed two solid emery wheels r, r. Brackets 8, 8, are fixed to the two sides of the
bed h, and are adapted to sustain two card flats 7, 7, in such a manner as that the
general surfaces formed by the ends of the wires shall be vertically parallel with
the upper surface of the said bed, that is to say, with the line of traverse of the
carriage j. The flats are also adjusted to be horizontally parallel with the said
lino of traverse, this being effected in the example by bringing the wires on the
inner edges into contact with the edges of fixed plates t, t. Tho carriage may be
traversed upon the bed by means of a screw or rack, or by any suitable arrange-
ment. In the example an endless pitch chain u is mounted upon wheels v, vl,
which revolve upon vertical axes, and one v¹ of the said wheels is actuated by
means of a strap pulley w which is fixed upon a shaft which is connected by bevel
gearing with the shaft upon which the said wheel is fixed. As the chain travels a
finger or projection upon the chain comes in contact with a downward projecting
pin which is fixed to the carriage, and by so doing moves the carriage along the
bed until the said finger arrives at one or the other of the wheels v when by passing
around the wheel, it leaves the said pin, and the movement of the carriage ceases
until the said finger comes into contact with a second pin on the other side of the
carriage and moves the carriage in a contrary direction. The carriage is thus caused
to traverse to and fro upon the bed, whereby the two grinding wheels are caused
to pass over the flats from end to end. The wheels are so adjusted in height by
means of the handle p, as that the points of such of the wires as may be too long are
cut away so as to reduco all the points or wire ends to the same level. The carriage
dwells at each end of its traverse, whilst the finger upon the chain is passing round
the wheel or v', and during such periods of rest the flats are removed and are
replaced with others. When necessary the flats are allowed to remain during the
forward and return traverses of the carriage. As it is advisable that the circum-
ferences of the grinding wheels should be truly cylindrical we have devised a
"trucing" tool, which is represented by Fig. 9. A small slide bed is arranged to
fit upon and to be secured to the carriage j, and upon this bed is mounted a
sliding tool holder, the whole arrangement being similar to an ordinary lathe slide
rest. The said tool holder carries a diamond cutting tool which can be brought to
act upon the periphery of one of the wheels r, and can be traversed across the
grinding face by means of a screw. The tool carriage can be shifted to the other
end of the bed to act upon the other grinding wheel, or the bed is provided with
two tool carringes. If preferred the apparatus illustrated by Figs. 6 to 8 may bo
so constructed as that the flats shall be inverted over the wheels r, so that tho
said wheels traverse below the flats, or the apparatus may be modified in the
manner illustrated by Fig. 10, wherein is a grinding wheel which is moulded
with a projecting flanch, the vertical face of which flanch forms the cutting surface.
The flat q rests upon end carriers s¹ which are fitted to slide upon brackets 82 and
are adjusted by means of screws, there being a corresponding arrangement to carry
each end of the flat. In the example the flat is simply placed in position, and
each end is held in close contact with the carrier s¹ by means of a spring, but this
may be varied. By employing an arrangement to carry a second flat which would
be held in position above the axis of revolution of the wheel r' or of the wheel r
in the first described arrangement two flats could be operated upon simultaneously,

page_text: the machine being provided with one wheel to face up two flats, or with two wheels
to face up four flats simultaneously, as preferred. The wheel might be arranged
to revolve upon a vertical axis, and also the edge wheel in Figs. 6 to 8 might
revolve upon a vertical axis, and act upon two flats sustained on opposite sides of
the wheel in such a manner as that the carding surfaces would be vertical. Any
suitable description of grinding wheel may be substituted for the solid emery wheel
or wheels, but we prefer to use the latter. The manner in which we carry into
effect the third part of our Invention is illustrated by Figs. 23 and 24 in Sheet 2.
In Fig. 24 y represents a portion of a doffer or card covered roller or cylinder which
is mounted in a lathe or is caused to revolve by any suitable means, and is a
plough tool which we employ to guide lengths of wire into the races between the
card dents. The end of this tool is beveled so that when inserted in the race furrow
or space between two rows of dents it bends the dents outwards, as indicated in
Fig. 23.
An aperture is formed near the end of the tool, and through this aperture
the covering wire is led, the said wire passing through an adjustable tension clip z¹
of any suitable form. The said wire is by preference flat, or is of any other section
which may be considered to be suitable, and is of a guage or width which will
about cover the strip of foundation between two rows of dents. One end of the
wire is fastened to the cylinder or roller at the point where a furrow dies out near
the edge of the cylinder. We drill a hole in the cylinder and insert the end of the
wire, and secure it in the hole by driving in a pin, or we adopt any other suitable
method of securing the wire. The cylinder is caused to revolve in the indicated
direction, and the tool is kept in the furrow and is traversed in a spiral direction
until the other end of the cylinder is reached, a fixed bar y' forming an abutment
or rest for the tool. During the traverse of the plough tool the wire becomes
tightly coiled upon the cylinder and occupies the bottom of the furrow or space
between the rows of dents, and when the other end of the cylinder is reached as
aforesaid the wire is cut and the end is secured to the cylinder. The operation is
repeated for the other furrows as many times as are required to cover the bottoms
of all the furrows or spaces between the dents with wire. The form of the tool
and the method of laying the wire may be varied. In some cases we may employ
the coils of wire only or more particularly as means for keeping down the
foundation, in which cases fewer coils of wire would be necessary, that is to say,
every furrow need not be occupied by a coil of wire. Tho remaining Figures in
Sheet 2 are illustrative of the fourth part of our Invention. Fig. 11 is a side
elevation; Fig. 12, a plan, and Fig. 13 an end view of a machine which we have
devised for use in the sharpening of card fillets; Fig. 14, which is drawn about
the full size shows a side view of one of the ploughs used for fine cards, and
also a part of a grinding wheel; Fig. 16, drawn larger than the full size,
represents a card partly sharpened, and Fig. 17 illustrates the method of
action of the grinder. In the latter Figure a is the plough and b the grinder, both
being in section. The plough is rounded or tapered at the leading end so as to
enter the furrows or spaces between the rows of teeth, and the sides of the plough
are beveled, as in the case of the aforesaid tools, so that the teeth on each side are
bent right and left in order that the grinding wheel may enter the said furrows.
In Figure 14 it will be seen that the top of the plough is curved, so that the grinder
just clears it.
The form of this plough, shield, or guide may be varied to suit the
different kinds of cards, or as may be thought to be desirable. One of the variations
which may be made is seen in Figures 22 and 22A, which will be referred to herein-
after. The grinder b consists of a thin disc of consolidated emery formed or turned
with a beveled edge to enter the said furrows and to act upon the card teeth. Any
other suitable form, composition, or description of grinding wheel may be used.
During the grinding operation the card may be stationary and the grinder be
traversed, or vice versa. We in most cases think it best to traverse the card.
In some cases this can readily be effected by band, as, for example, when grinding
flats or sheets of card clothing we can present the flat to the end of the plough so
that it enters a furrow between two rows of teeth. We then push the flat fowards

page_text: "
so that the grinder passes through the furrow right across the flat. The flat is
then drawn back, shifted endwise to present the next furrow, and the operations
are repeated until the sharpening is completed. Instead of this mode the card flat
may be fixed to a carriage having the required movements imparted to it. In Figs.
11 to 13 a machine is represented adapted to sharpen two fillets simultaneously.
The grinding wheels are secured on a spindle c, which revolves in a frame d. In
the example four grinders are fixed upon each end of the spindle. One end of the
spindle with the grinders is shewn on a larger scale in Figs. 19, 20, and 21. The
grinders b are threaded upon a sleeve, which is mounted upon the spindle, and are
kept at the required distance apart by washers, and are secured by means of a
screw nut. We prefer that the distance between the grinders, measuring from
centre to centre of their edges, shall be the same as or be a multiple of the distance
the fillet is shifted in the setting machine after the insertion of a staple. Four
ploughs or guides are attached to a bridge e, which is also seen in Figs. 14 and 15:
The bridge is secured to a flat surface fover which the fillet travels.
The spindle c
is driven by means of a strap acting upon a pulley g. The frame d is fitted to slide
vertically upon a bracket h, which can be adjusted by means of a screw and handle i
so that the grinders may be caused to penetrate downwards to the desired extent
between the card teeth, and also that they may be "set up as they become less by
wear. The end of the fillet, which is represented by k, is passed under the bridge e,
so that the four ploughs enter four furrows between the rows of teeth. The fillet
is then drawn forwards until it can be brought under a drum 1, which is covered
with felt, caoutchouc, or other suitable elastic material. Two such drums are fixed
upon a spindle, which is mounted in a frame m, which is adjustable vertically upon
a bracket, as in the case of the frame d, in order that the coverings of the drums
may be caused to press to a suitable extent upon the card fillets. A worm wheel is
fixed upon the drum spindle, and with this wheel gears a worm 7, which is fixed
upon á driving shaft o. Upon this shaft is fixed a cone pulley, which is driven by
means of a strap. The speed of the shaft o is so regulated as that the drums are
caused to draw forwards the card fillets at a suitable speed. The grinding wheels
act upon the card teeth to sharpen the points, and the teeth can be more or less
ground according as the speed of the drums is less or greater. The action of the
machine may continue until the fillets have been operated upon from end to end.
The ends of the fillets are now again introduced below the bridge e, but in such a
manner as that the ends of the ploughs enter fresh furrows so as to sharpen the
sides of teeth not acted upon by the previous operation. By repeating these
operations all the teeth become ground on both sides. To facilitate the entering of
a fillet we use a guiding bridge x arranged to be shifted across the surface ƒ to
the extent required to present fresh furrows to the grinders. We may mount two,
three, or more brackets carrying grinder spindles upon the machine bed, and fix a
corresponding number of sets of bridges and ploughs upon the bed, so that the
fillets will not require to be passed through so often. By so doing we could com-
pletely sharpen a fillet by passing it only once through the machine. We have not
shewn these additional grinding "headstocks to avoid complexity in the Drawings,
but the bed of the machine as represented is sufficiently long to contain them. In
order to obtain still greater expedition we may cause one grinding wheel to follow
another in the same furrow, in which case the fillet could be traversed more quickly..
Two differing sets of wheels may be used, one wheel or one set of wheels being
adapted to sharpen the teeth, and another wheel or set to polish the teeth after they
have been sharpened. We do not confine ourselves to any number of grinding wheels.
A grinding wheel formed in two parts, having between them a metal disc which
would project and act as a guide might be used, in which case the plough might
be dispensed with. In fact, we claim to use any kind of revolving grinder which
shall traverse the furrows or races between the teeth, and shall be caused to grind
or cut away the said teeth in the manner indicated. We may act upon card teeth
after the cards have been permanently or temporarily fixed, or mounted upon a
roller or cylinder, as, for example, the fillets upon a cylinder may be sharpened by
"

page_text: In
causing the cylinder to rotate slowly and by at the same time traversing the
revolving grinder or grinders at such a corresponding speed as shall keep it or them
in the furrows so that they shall not cross from one furrow to another.
We,
however, now think that a more certain result will be obtained by sharpening the
fillets before they are attached to the cylinder. The furrows may be opened to
some extent for the entry of the grinding wheel by bending the card over a roller
or around a bar or edge of a small diameter, as indicated in Figure 25, especially in
the cases of sheets and flat clothing, but we consider it to be inore advantageous to
use the plough. The machine may be made to operate upon only one fillet at one
time, in which case a spindle having grinders at one end would be used. We also
use the revolving grinding wheels provided with guards to grind the backs of the
card teeth, and also to grind the fronts of the same if considered to be desirable.
Figs. 22 and 22 illustrate a modification adapted to be used for this purpose. The
grinding wheel b₁ is beveled on one side and acts only on the backs of the card
teeth. The edge of the grinder which is towards the front of the teeth is shielded
by the guard a¹, which is a slightly modified form of the aforesaid plough a.
practice we cause the grinder to cut its own race in the guard so that a recess is
formed which is just cleared by the wheel. The wheel and guard are traversed
across the card so as to sharpen the teeth from side to side, or the wheel, axis, and
After each traverse the
guard are stationary, the card being traversed to and fro.
card is shifted longitudinally, or it has a continuous slow longitudinal movement
imparted to it. Fig. 18 is a diagram illustrative of the modification which may be
made in the machine to enable it to operate upon "sheet" cards or "flat" cards,
having the furrows running across their width. In this example the grinders are
carried by a carriage p, which is fitted to slide upon a bed . A driving shaft 8 is
fitted to revolve in bearings, and upon this shaft is mounted to slide a wheel t,
which drives the grinder spindle c. When the carriage is traversed the wheel t
slidės upon the shaft. The sheet or flat is fixed upon a carriage u which is fitted
to slide towards and from the bed r, and is actuated by an excentric crank, cam, or
heart-wheel v, which is caused to revolve at a speed suitable to the degree of
sharpening required. The spindle c may be driven by an overhead shaft or long
drum instead of by the sliding wheel t. As the carriage u is traversed towards the
grinder or grinders, it or they enter a furrow, or two or more furrows, and sharpen
the teeth on each side of the furrow from side to side of the sheet or flat. The
teeth are also sharpened during the movement of the carriage away from the bed r.
When the grinders are clear of the card the carriage p is caused to slide upon its
bed so that the grinders will at the next traverse of the carriage u act upon a fresh
part of the sheet or flat.
Having now fully set forth and indicated the nature of our said Invention, and
methods of, and means whereby the same may be carried into practical effect, we
would have it to be understood that we do not make any claim in respect of an
arrangement of apparatus described in the last part of our Provisional Specification,
and consisting principally of a revolving brush enclosed in a case, as we have not
included such apparatus herein, but we claim,―
First. The apparatus, substantially as and for the purposes set forth and indicated
herein before with reference to Figs. 1 to 5 of the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly. The employment of revolving emery or grinding wheels to cut away
the wires at the end edges of cylinders, rollers, and flats, so as to obtain true edges
and practical uniformity in width of carding surface throughout the engine,
substantially as set forth.
Thirdly. The employment of a revolving grinding wheel, or of revolving grinding
wheels, to cut spaces in the wires at intervals in the length of the doffer so as to
form isolated rings of card, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Fourthly. The application of the edgings i to the card cylinders.
Fifthly. The apparatus, substantially as and for the purpose set forth and
indicated hereinbefore, and in and by Figs. 6, 7, 8, and 10 of the accompanying

page_text: Sixthly. Coiling wire or metal ribands upon card covered cylinders or rollers in
the furrows or spaces between the wires, substantially as and for the purposes set
forth and indicated.
Seventhly. Sharpening the teeth of cards by means of revolving grinders which
traverse the furrows between the rows of teeth, the grinder or each grinder being
kept in the furrow into which it first enters until it is withdrawn to enter another
furrow, substantially as set forth and indicated.
Eighthly. Sharpening card teeth by means of revolving discs or grinders of
consolidated emery which traverse the spaces between the rows of teeth, either the
grinders or the card being traversed or moved as the sharpening proceeds,
substantially as set forth.
Ninthly. The use in combination with revolving grinders of the ploughs or
guides to open the furrows for the entrance of the grinders, and to help in keeping
the grinders in the furrows.
Tenthly. The plough, guide or guard a, and the grinder b, as and for the purpose
set forth and indicated.
Eleventhly. The revolving grinders b, b, the ploughs a, and the bridges e, to
which the ploughs are secured, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Twelfthly. Sharpening the backs or the fronts of the teeth by means of a revolving
grinding wheel provided with a guard, substantially as set forth and indicated
hereinbefore, and in and by Figs. 22 and 22 of the Drawings.
Thirteenthly. The guard a' formed to permit only one side of the grinding wheel
to act, substantially as set forth and indicated.
And, Lastly. The combination of parts forming the complete apparatus for
sharpening wire cards, substantially as represented by Figs. 11, 12, 13, 19, 20, and
21 of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said George Ashworth and Elijah Ashworth have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Third day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
Signed, sealed, and delivered
in the presence of
EDWARD K. DUTTON,
41, John Dalton Street,
Manchester,
Agent for the Patentees.
(L.S.)
GEO. ASHWORTH.
ELIJAH ASHWORTH. (L.S.)

page_text: This Specification was, upon the 6th day of April 1887, Amended under
Sections 18 to 21 of the Patents, Designs, and Trade Marks Act, 1883
LETTERS PATENT to George Ashworth and Elijah Ashworth, of the Firm of
Ashworth, Brothers, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, for
an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES AND IN THE CARDING
APPLIANCES
AUDY CANONS"
THEREOF, AND
IN
APPARATUS
FOR OPERATING
UPON
SUCH
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Ashworth and Elijah
Ashworth at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th November
1880.
GEORGE ASHWORTH and ELIJAH ASHWORTH of the Firm of Ashworth Brothers
of Manchester in the County of Lancaster, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CARDING ENGINES AND IN THE CARDING APPLIANCES THEREOF AND IN APPARATUS
FOR OPERATING UPON SUCH APPLIANCES."
Our Invention has for its object to render more perfect the action of the carding
surfaces of carding engines. Hitherto the edges of the carding surfaces of the
more or less uneven and have not coincided
cylinders and rollers have been
throughout the engine and in consequence it has been necessary to make the
collective carding surface wider than the sheet of carded fibres so that a margin at
each end of each cylinder and roller has not been utilised to practical effect in the
carding and has caused waste of material and "ragged selvedges" on the sheet or
sliver. To obviate this defect in the first part of our Invention we employ a
revolving emery wheel to cut the edges of each carding cylinder and roller during
its revolution so that true edges are produced and we make these edges correspond
throughout the engine. The emery wheel is mounted upon a revolvable shaft
which can be mounted in the grinding brackets or is provided with hearings
which fit in the said brackets. The cylinder is caused to revolve and the emery
wheel is driven rapidly and is regulated to cut away the wires at the end of the
cylinder until a true edge is produced. The emnery wheel may be arranged to
revolve in a carriage which is mounted upon a bar or bearer which can be applied
to the carding engine and if preferred two emery wheels may act in concert.
In

page_text: the case of the main cylinder we prefer to apply an edging ring of wood, metal or
other suitable material fitting close to the cut edge of the cards and projecting a
little beyond the surface. This edging may be bent or coiled around the cylinder
or be formed in segments secured by means of screws pins or catches or be a
segment of a ring secured to the framing. The "licker-in" the doffer and each
roller is cut down to enter between the edging rings and to run as closely as is
practicable thereto. We may apply edgings to the other cylinders and rollers but
such edgings will be below the carding surfaces. We expect to be able to utilise
the whole of the carding surfaces and thereby to obtain better selvedges. In the
cases of engines provided with flats we cut down the ends of the cards upon the
flats to suit the width of the cylinder carding surface. In the case of a chain of
flats, the flats are successively subjected to the action of the grinding wheel by the
traverse of the chain. The grinding apparatus inay he employed to test the
accuracy of the carding surface in which case the revolving emery wheel would be
moved by hand so as to skim lightly over the said surface and to detect or to cut
away any protruding points. In the case of condenser carding engines having
spaces formed around the doffer we employ a revolving emery wheel or two or
more wheels to cut the said spaces. In the second place we employ solid emnery
or abrading wheels to cut down the longer wires in flat cards in order to produce
a more uniform surface preparatory to the ordinary grinding having for its object
to sharpen the cards. In an apparatus which we have devised for this purpose two
or more wheels are fixed upon a spindle which is fitted to revolve in a traversing
carriage which is moved to and fro upon its bed so as to cause the wheels to act
upon two flats which are secured in position above or below the said wheels to
beds or parts which are fitted to slide towards and from the grinding wheels or
the wheel spindle may be mounted in a frame which can be moved towards and
from the flats. A third part of our Invention has for its object to obtain smooth
metallic bottoms to the cards on rollers or cylinders. We coil wire or metal
ribands around the roller or cylinder so that each coil shall lie in the bottom of the
space between two rows of card dents. In some cases we may employ the coils of
wire as means for keeping down the card foundation in which cases fewer coils
would be necessary. In the laying of the coils we employ a perforated and grooved
guide which enters between the rows of dents. According to a fourth part of our
Invention we employ a rapidly revolving emery wheel to enter between the rows
of dents so as to sharpen the dents which are held apart for the entrance and
operation of the wheels by means of a plough or tool which runs in the spaces
between the rows. For the sake of expedition a number of wheels would be
mounted upon one spindle a corresponding number of ploughs being employed.
The card whilst being operated upon is drawn forwards by suitable means or is
carried forwards by a drum or the card or the grinder is otherwise traversed.
remaining part of our Invention we adapt to the lap bracket or to a suitable part
of the carding engine a renovable case enclosing a revolvable brush and clearing
combs and formed to enclose a card roller. We drive the brush by means of the
loose pulley. A roller which requires to be cleaned can be shut up in the casing
and be turned round therein so as to cleaned by the brusb.
In a

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said George Ashworth and Elijah Ashworth in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 4th May 1881.
GEORGE ASHWORTH and ELIJAH ASHWORTH of the Firm of Ashworth Brothers
of Manchester in the County of Lancaster, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CARDING ENGINES AND IN THE CARDING APPLIANCES THEREFOR AND IN APPARATUS
FOR OPERATING UPON SUCH APPLIANCES."
"
Our Invention has for its object to render more perfect the action of the carding
surfaces of carding engines. Hitherto the edges of the carding surfaces of the
cylinders and rollers have been more or less uneven and have not coincided
throughout the engine and in consequence it has been necessary to make the
collective carding surface wider than the sheet of carded fibres so that a margin nt
each end of each cylinder and roller has not been utilised to practical effect in the
carding and has caused waste of material and "ragged selvedges" on the sheet or
sliver. To obviate this defect is the object of the first part of our Invention. We
employ a revolving emery wheel to cut by its grinding action the edges of each carding
cylinder and roller during its revolution so that true edges are produced and we make
these edges correspond throughout the engine. If preferred two emery wheels may
act in concert. In the case of the main cylinder we prefer to apply an edging ring of
wood metal or other suitable material fitting close to the cut edge of the cards and
projecting a little beyond the surface. The "licker-in" the doffer and each roller is
cut down to enter between the edging rings and to run as closely thereto as is
practicable. In the case of engines provided with flats we cut down the ends of the
cards upon the flats to suit the width of the cylinder carding surface. In the case of
a chain of flats the flats are successively subjected to the action of the grinding wheel
by the traverse of the chain. The grinding apparatus may be employed to test the
accuracy of the carding surface in which case the revolving emery wheel would be
moved by hand so as to skim lightly over the said surface and to detect or to cut
away any protruding points. In the case of condenser carding engines having spaces
formed around the doffer we employ a revolving emery wheel or two or more wheels
to cut the said spaces. In the second place we employ solid emery or abrading
wheels to cut down or grind the longer wires in flat cards in order to produce a more
uniform surface preparatory to the ordinary grinding having for its object to
sharpen the cards.
In an apparatus which we have devised for this purpose two
or more wheels are fixed upon a spindle which is fitted to revolve in a traversing
carriage which is moved too and fro upon its bed so as to cause the wheels to act
upon two flats.
A third part of our Invention has for its object to obtain smooth
metallic bottoms to the cards on rollers or cylinders. We coil wire or metal ribands
around the roller on cylinder so that each coil shall lie in the bottom of the space
between two rows of card dents. In the laying of the coils we employ a perforated
and grooved guide which enters between the rows of dents. According to a fourth
part of our Invention we employ a rapidly revolving grinding wheel to enter between
the rows of dents so as to sharpen the dents which are held apart for the entrance
and operation of the wheel by means of a plough or tool which runs in the space
between the rows. For sake of expedition a number of wheels would be mounted
upon one spindle a corresponding number of ploughs being employed. And in order
that our Invention may be fully understood we have attached hereunto two Sheets of
Drawings which are marked with letters of reference the Figures in Sheet 1 being
illustrative of the first and second parts of our Invention and the Figures in Sheet 2

page_text: of the third and fourth parts thereof. Referring to Sheet 1, Fig: 1 represents a
side view of a carding engine and is illustrative of the application of the apparatus
which we use when carrying into effect the first part of our Invention. Fig. 2 drawn
about one quarter the full size represents one method of mounting the emery wheel
which we use to produce true edges on the carding surfaces. In the said Figure a is
a bracket which is formed with a bearing in which a shaft is fitted to revolve.
Upon one end of the said shaft is fixed a pulley and upon the other end is mounted
an emery grinding wheel c. The wheel c is secured between flanches upon a collar d
which is fitted to slide upon the shaft and is caused to turn therewith by means of a
fast key or by other suitable means. The sliding traverse of the collar d upon the
shaft can be regulated by means of two adjustable collars e. c¹. The collar dis
grooved to receive a handle which may be used to slide the said collar to and fro
upon the shaft. The forked end of such a handle is represented in Fig: 4 wherein ff
are two swivel blocks which are formed with faces which are curved to fit the bottom
of the groove in the collar and are pressed inwards by means of springs. When the
blocks fare introduced into the groove the springs yield and permit the blocks to pass
into position to fit upon the bottom of the groove when the collar d may be readily
slid to and fro by means of the said handle. The bracket a is rendered adjustable by
means of a screw gas seen in Figure 3 which represents a front view of the bracket.
In Figure 1 the said bracket is represented as when bolted to the side of the "doffer "
casing. Upon the shaft of the brush which clears the flats is fixed a pulley and a
strap upon this pulley acts upon the pulley b and causes the grinding wheel to revolve
rapidly. The doffer is also revolved and the emery wheel is permitted to cut the
wires for a determined distance from the end of the doffer so as to leave a determined
and uniform width of "wire" the collar e¹ being adjusted to limit the movement of
the grinder so that the wires are cut or ground away to the determined circumferential
line the carding surface being left with a true clean cut edge. As required during
the grinding or cutting away of the wires the bracket a is adjusted nearer to the
axis of the doffer. The dotted lines at ' indicate the application of the bracket a to
the frame in the place of the ordinary grinder bracket when the edges of the main
cylinder are to be operated upon by the grinding wheel and the dotted lines at a
indicate the application of the apparatus when intended to operate upon the flats the
end edges of each flat being rendered true as the flat passes over a short bend. The
grinder shaft may receive motion from the pulley in all positions of the bracket a or
any other suitable method of driving may be adopted in any case. The bracket a may
be shifted from one side of the engine to the other so as to operate upon both ends of
the doffer cylinder or flat or two brackets may be used one for each side of the
engine. In a modification of the apparatus the grinding wheel or two grinding
wheels is or are mounted upon a shaft which revolves in brackets secured to the
two sides of the engine or in the ordinary grinding brackets or in bearings which
are formed to fit therein or the grinding wheel shaft may be mounted in or upon a
carriage which may be fitted to slide upon a bar or bearer so that any part of the
carding surface may be operated upon, the part upon which the shaft is mounted
being also fitted to slide towards the carding surface and having a screw adjustment
the arrangement being similar to the slide rest of a lathe. We should use such an
arrangement to test the accuracy of the carding surface by sliding the carriage
from side to side of the engine the revolving grinder being allowed to skim the
surface of the doffer or cylinder and thereby to detect or cut away any protruding
points as herein before mentioned. Also such an arrangement would be suitable
for use when employing a revolving wheel to cut away the card teeth so as to form
isolated rings of cards such for example as are used in condenser carding engines.
The small carding rollers and clearers may have their edges cut either in their
places in the engine or when revolving in a lathe or in a specially constructed
apparatus. Fig. 5 represents a portion of a main cylinder having the edges trued in
the manner herein described and having edging rings i applied close to the margins
of the wires that is to say to the edges which have been trued by means of the grinding
wheel. The edging rings may be of wood, metal or other suitable material and

page_text: may be bent or coiled around the cylinder or be formed in segments secured by
means of screws pins or catches the upper surface of the edging extending
slightly above or beyond the points of the wires. The remaining Figures in
Sheet are illustrative of the second part of our Invention. Fig: 6 drawn to a
scale of about one and a quarter inches to the foot is a front elevation Fig: 7. an
end view and Fig: 8 a plan of a machine for operating upon flats preparatory
to the ordinary grinding or sharpening operations. A carriage is fitted to slide
upon a planed bed k and in bearings formed in a bracket m upon the said carriage
a shaft is fitted to revolve being driven by means of a strap acting upon a
pulley o. The bracket m is fitted to slide vertically and is adjusted by means of
a screw which can be operated by means of a handle 2. Upon the said shaft are
fixed two solid emery wheels 1. 1. Brackets s 8 are fixed to the two sides of the
bed and are adapted to sustain two card flats q. 7 in such a manner as that the
general surfaces formed by the ends of the wires shall be vertically parallel with
the upper surface of the said bed-that is to say-with the line of traverse of the
carriage j. The flats are also adjusted to be horizontally parallel with the said
line of traverse this being effected in the example by bringing the wires on the
inner edges into contact with the edges of fixed plates t t. The carriage may be
traversed upon the bed by means of a screw or rack or by any suitable arrange-
ment. In the example an endless pitch chain is mounted upon wheels v. v.
which revolve upon vertical axes and one of the said wheels is actuated by
means of a strap pulley w which is fixed upon a shaft which is connected by bevel
gearing with the shaft upon which the said wheel is fixed. As the chain travels &
finger or projection upon the chain comes in contact with a downward projecting
pinx which is fixed to the carriage and by so doing moves the carriage along the
bed until the said finger arrives at one or the other of the wheels v when by passing
around the wheel it leaves the said pin and the movement of the carriage ceases
until the said finger comes into contact with a second pin on the other side of the
carriage and moves the carriage in a contrary direction. The carriage is thus caused
to traverse to and fro upon the bed whereby the two grinding wheels are caused
to pass over the flats from end to end. The wheels are so adjusted in height by
means of the handle p as that the points of such of the wires as may be too long are
cut away so as to reduce all the points or wire ends to the same level.
The carriage.
dwells at each end of its traverse whilst the finger upon the chain is passing round
the wheel or v' and during such periods of rest the flats are removed and are
replaced with others. When necessary the flats are allowed to remain during the
forward and return traverses of the carriage. As it is advisable that the circum-
ferences of the grinding wheels should be truly cylindrical we have levised a
trueing" tool which is represented by Fig: 9. A sinal slide bed is arranged to
fit upon and to be secured to the carriage j and upon this bed is mounted a
sliding tool holder the whole arrangement being similar to an ordinary lathe slide
rest. The said tool holder carries a diamond cutting tool which can be brought to
act upon the periphery of one of the wheels r and can be traversed across the
grinding face by means of a screw. The tool carriage can be shifted to the other
end of the bed to act upon the other grinding wheel or the bed is provided with
two tool carriages. If preferred the apparatus illustrated by Figs: 6 to 8 may be
so constructed as that the flats shall be inverted over the wheels ? so that the
said wheels traverse below the flats or the apparatus may be modified in the
manner illustrated by Fig. 10 wherein is a grinding wheel which is moulded
with a projecting flanch the vertical face of which flanch forms the cutting surface.
The flat rests upon end carriers &¹ which are fitted to slide upon brackets s² and
are adjusted by means of screws there being a corresponding arrangement to carry
each end of the flat. In the example the flat is simply placed in position and
each end is held in close contact with the carriers by means of a spring but this
may be varied. By employing an arrangement to carrier a second flat which would
be held in position above the axis of revolution of the wheel or of the wheel r
in the first described arrangement two flats could be operated upon simultaneously

page_text: the machine being provided with one wheel to face up two flats or with two wheels
to face up four flats simultaneously as preferred. The wheel might be arranged
to revolve upon a vertical axis and also the edge wheel in Figs: 6 to 8 might
revolve upon a vertical axis and act upon two flats sustained on opposite sides of
the wheel in such a manner as that the carding surfaces would be vertical. Any
suitable description of grinding wheel may be substituted for the solid emery wheel
or wheels but we prefer to use the latter. The manner in which we carry into
effect the third part of our Invention is illustrated by Figs. 23 and 24 in Sheet 2.
In Fig. 24 y represents a portion of a doffer or card covered roller or cylinder which
is nounted in a lathe or is caused to revolve by any suitable means and is a
plough tool which we employ to guide lengths of wire into the races between the
card dents. The end of this tool is beveled so that when inserted in the race furrow
or space between two rows of dents it bends the dents outwards as indicated in
Fig: 23. An aperture is formed near the end of the tool and through this aperture
the covering wire is led the said wire passing through an adjustable tension clip ¹
of any suitable form. The said wire is by preference flat or is of any other section
which may be considered to be suitable and is of a guage or width which will
about cover the strip of foundation between two rows of dents. One end of the
wire is fastened to the cylinder or roller at the point where a furrow dies out near
the edge of the cylinder. We drill a hole in the cylinder and insert the end of the
wire and secure it in the hole by driving in a pin or we adopt any other suitable
method of securing the wire. The cylinder is caused to revolve in the indicated
direction and the tool is kept in the furrow and is traversed in a spiral direction
until the other end of the cylinder is reached a fixed bar y¹ forming an abutment
or rest for the tool. During the traverse of the plough tool the wire becomes
tightly coiled upon the cylinder and occupies the bottom of the furrow or space
between the rows of dents and when the other end of the cylinder is reached as
aforesaid the wire is cut and the end is secured to the cylinder. The operation is.
repeated for the other furrows as many times as are required to cover the bottoms
of all the furrows or spaces between the dents with wire. The form of the tool s
and the method of laying the wire may be varied. In some cases we may employ
the coils of wire only or more particularly as means for keeping down the
foundation in which cases fewer coils of wire would be necessary that is to say
every furrow need not be occupied by a coil of wire. The remaining Fignres in
Sheet 2 are illustrative of the fourth part of our Invention. Fig: 11 is a side
elevation Fig: 12 a plan and Fig. 13 an end view of a machine which we have
devised for use in the sharpening of card fillets. Fig: 14 which is drawn about
the full size shows a side view of one of the ploughs used for fine cards and
also a part of a grinding wheel Fig: 16 drawn larger than the full size
represents a card partly sharpened and Fig: 17 illustrates the method of
action of the grinder. In the latter Figure a is the plough and b the grinder both
being in section. The plough is rounded or tapered at the leading end so as to
enter the furrows or spaces between the rows of teeth and the sides of the plough
are beveled as in the case of the aforesaid tool so that the teeth on each side are
bent right and left in order that the grinding wheel may enter the said furrows.
In Figure 14 it will be seen that the top of the plough is curved so that the grinder
just clears it. The form of this plough shield or guide may be varied to suit the
different kinds of cards or as may be thought to be desirable. One of the variations
which may be made is seen in Figures 22 and 224 which will be referred to herein-
after. The grinder consists of a thin disc of consolidated emery formed or turned
with a beveled edge to enter the said furrows and to act upon the card teeth. Any
other suitable form composition or description of grinding wheel may be used.
During the grinding operation the card may be stationary and the grinder be
traversed or vice versa. We in most cases think it best to traverse the card.
In some cases this can readily be effected by hand as for example when grinding
flats or sheets of card clothing we can present the flat to the end of the plough so
that it enters a furrow between two rows of teeth. We then push the flat forwards

page_text: "
so that the grinder passes through the furrow right across the flat. The flat is
then drawn back shifted endwise to present the next furrow and the operations
are repeated until the sharpening is completed. Instead of this mode the card flat
may be fixed to a carriage having the required movements imparted to it.
In Figs.
11 to 13 a machine is represented adapted to sharpen two fillets simultaneously.
The grinding wheels are secured on a spindle c which revolves in a frame d. In
the example four grinders are fixed upon each end of the spindle. One end of the
spindle with the grinders is shewn on a larger scale in Figs. 19. 20 and 21. The
grinders b are threaded upon a sleeve which is mounted upon the spindle and are
kept at the required distance apart by washers and are secured by means of a
screw nut. We prefer that the distance between the grinders measuring fron
centre to centre of their edges shall be the same as or be a multiple of the distance
the fillet is shifted in the setting machine after the insertion of a staple. Four
ploughs or guides are attached to a bridge e which is also seen in Figs. 14 and 15.
The bridge is secured to a flat surface over which the fillet travels.
The spindle c
is driven by means of a strap acting upon a pulley g. The frame d is fitted to slide
vertically upon a bracket which can be adjusted by means of a screw and handle i
so that the grinders may be caused to penetrate downwards to the desired extent
between the card teeth and also that they may be set up as they become less by
wear. The end of the fillet which is represented by is passed u der the bridge e
so that the four ploughs enter four furrows between the rows of teeth. The fillet
is then drawn forwards until it can be brought under a drum which is covered
with felt caoutchouc or other suitable elastic material. Two such drums are fixed
upon a spindle which is mounted in a frame m which is adjustable vertically upon
a bracket as in the case of the frame in order that the coverings of the drums
may be caused to press to a suitable extent upon the card fillets. A worm wheel is
fixed upon the drum spindle and with this wheel gears a worm which is fixed
upon a driving shaft o. Upon this shaft is fixed a cone pulley which is driven by
means of a strap. The speed of the shaft o is so regulated as that the drums are
caused to draw forwards the card fillets at a suitable speed. The grinding wheels
act upon the card teeth to sharpen the points and the teeth can be more or less
ground according as the speed of the drums is less or greater. The action of the
machine may continue until the fillets have been operated upon from end to end.
The ends of the fillets are now again introduced below the bridge e but in such a
manner as that the ends of the ploughs enter fresh furrows so as to sharpen the
sides of teeth not acted upon by the previous operation. By repeating these
operations all the teeth become ground on both sides. To facilitate the entering of
a fillet we use a guiding bridge arranged to be shifted across the surface
the extent required to present fresh furrows to the grinders. We may mount two,
three or more brackets carrying grinder spindles upon the machine bed and fix a
corresponding number of sets of bridges and ploughs upon the bed so that the
fillets will not require to be passed through so often. By so doing we could com-
pletely sharpen a fillet by passing it only once through the machine. We have not
shewn these additional grinding "headstocks" to avoid complexity in the Drawings
but the bed of the machine as represented is sufficiently long to contain them. In
order to obtain still greater expedition we may cause one grinding wheel to follow
another in the same furrow in which case the fillet could be traversed more quickly.
Two differing sets of wheels may be used one wheel or one set of wheels being
adapted to sharpen the teeth and another wheel or set to polish the teeth after they
have been sharpened. We do not confine ourselves to any number of grinding wheels.
A grinding wheel formed in two parts having between them a metal disc which
would project and act as a guide might be used in which case the plough night
be dispensed with. In fact we-elaim-to-use-any-kind-of-revolving-grinder excluding
wheels or discs having abrading surfaces consisting of cut or roughened metal which are
unsuitable we claim to use any kind of revolving grinders having emery surfaces as
herein described which shall traverse the furrows or races between the teeth and shall
be caused to grind or cut away the said teeth in the manner indicated. We may act
to

page_text: upon card teeth after the cards have been permanently or temporarily fixed or
mounted upon a roller or cylinder as for example the fillets upon a cylinder may be
sharpened by causing the cylinder to rotate slowly and by at the same time traversing
the revolving grinder or grinders at such a corresponding speed as shall keep it or
them in the furrows so that they shall not cross from one furrow to another. We
however now think that a more certain result will be obtained by sharpening the
fillets before they are attached to the cylinder. The furrows may be opened to
some extent for the entry of the grinding wheel by bending the card over a roller
or around a bar or edge of a smaller diameter as indicated in Figure 25 especially in
the cases of sheets and flat clothing but we consider it to be more advantageous to
use the plough. The machine may be made to operate upon only one fillet at one
time in which case a spindle having grinders at one end would be used. We also
use the revolving grinding wheels provided with guards to grind the backs of the
card teeth and also to grind the fronts of the same if considered to be desirable.
Figs. 22 and 22 illustrate a modification adapted to be used for this purpose.
The
grinding wheel is beveled on one side and acts only on the backs of the card
teeth. The edge of the grinder which is towards the front of the teeth is shielded
by the guard a which is a slightly modified form of the aforesaid plough a. In
practice we cause the grinder to cut its own race in the guard so that a recess is
formed which is just cleared by the wheel. The wheel and guard are traversed
across the card so as to sharpen the teeth from side to side or the wheel axis and
guard are stationary the card being traversed to and fro. After each traverse the
card is shifted longitudinally or it has a continuous slow longitudinal movement
imparted to it. Fig: 18 is a diagram iliustrative of the modification which may be
made in the machine to enable it to operate upon
"sheet cards or "flat" cards
having the furrows running across their width. In this example the grinders are
carried by a carriage p which is fitted to slide upon a bed r. A driving shafts is
fitted to revolve in bearings and upon this shaft is mounted to slide a wheel t
which drives the grinder spindle c. When the carriage is. traversed the wheel t
slides upon the shaft. The sheet or flat is fixed upon a carriage u which is fitted
to slide towards and from the bed r and is actuated by an excentric crank cam or
heart-wheel v which is caused to revolve at a speed suitable to the degree of
sharpening required. The spindle c may be driven by an overhead shaft or long
drum instead of by the sliding wheel t. As the carriage is traversed towards the
grinder or grinders it or they enter a furrow or two or more furrows and sharpen
the teeth on each side of the furrow from side to side of the sheet or flat. The
teeth are also sharpened during the movement of the carriage away from the bed 7.
When the grinders are clear of the card the carriage p is caused to slide upon its
bed so that the grinders will at the next traverse of the carriage u act upon a fresh
part of the sheet or flat. The term grinder as herein ueed is not intended to apply to
metal files or cutters which are unsuitable for our purposes.
Having now fully set forth and indicated the nature of our said Invention and
methods of and means whereby the same may be carried into practical effect we
would have it to be understood that we do not make any claim in respect of an
arrangement of apparatus described in the last part of our Provisional Specification
and cousisting principally of a revolving brush enclosed in a case as we have not
included such apparatus herein nor do we claim the edgings i excepting in combination
with and when applied to the ground edges of the card clothing as above described. We
are aware that carding engine cylinders have been formed with fixed flanges and that
curd rollers having rings or edgings not projecting beyond the wires have been proposed
and illustrated in the specifications of Patents of dates prior to our own and such
flanges and rings are not claimed by us but we claim
First. The apparatus, substantially-as and for the purposes-set forth-and-indiented
hereinbefore-with reference-to-Figs.--to-5-of-the-nccompanying Drawings.
Secondly. The employment of revolving emery or grinding wheels to cut away
the wires at the end edges of cylinders rollers and fats so as to obtain true edges

page_text: and practical uniformity in width of carding surface throughout the engine
substantially as set forth.
ThirSecondly. The employment of a revolving grinding wheel or of revolving
grinding wheels to cut spaces in the wires at intervals in the length of the doffer so
as to form isolated rings of card substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Forth Thirdly. The application as herein described of the edgings i to the eard-
eylinders ground and trued edges of the card cylinders us and for the purposes set forth.
Fifth Fourly. The apparatus substantially as and for the purpose set forth and
indicated hereinbefore and in and by Figs: 6. 7. 8 and 10 of the accompanying
Drawings.
Six Fifthly. Coiling wire or metal ribands upon card covered cylinders or rollers in
the furrows or spaces between the wires substantially as and for the purposes set
forth and indicated.
Seven Sixthly. Sharpening the teeth of cards by means of revolving grinders which
traverse the furrows between the rows of teeth the grinder or each grinder being
kept in the furrow into which it first enters until it is withdrawn to enter another
furrow substantially as set forth and indicated.
Eigh Seventhly. Sharpening card teeth by means of revolving grinding dises or
grinders of consolidated emery which traverse the spaces between the rows of teeth
either the grinders or the card being traversed or moved as the sharpening proceeds
substantially as set forth.
Nin Eighthly. The use in combination with revolving grinders of the ploughs or
guides to open the furrows for the entrance of the grinders and to help in keeping
the grinders in the furrows.
TeNinthly. The plough guide or guard a and the grinder b as and for the purpose
set forth and indicated.
EleTenthly. The revolving grinders the ploughs & and the bridges to which
the ploughs are secured substantially as and for the the purpose set forth.
TwelfEleventhly. Sharpening the backs or the fronts of the teeth by means of a
forth and
revolving grinding wheel provided with a guard substantially as set
indicated herein before and in and by Figs. 22 and 22 of the Drawings.
Thirteen Twelfthly. The guard a' formed to permit only one side of the grinding
wheel to act substantially as set forth and indicated.
And Lastly. The combination of parts forming the complete apparatus for
sharpening wire cards substantially as represented by Figs. 11. 12. 13. 19. 20 and 21
of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof we the said George Ashworth and Elijah Ashworth have
hereunto set our hands and seals this Third day of May in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
Signed sealed and delivered
in the presence of
EDWARD K. DUTTON
41 John Dalton Street
Manchester
Agent for the Patentees.
(L.S.)
GEO. ASHWORTH.
ELIJAH ASHWORTH. (L.S.)

page_text: The decision of the Chief Examiner, acting on behalf of the Comptroller, of the
1st day of October 1892, allowed, under Section 18 of the Patents, &c. Act,
1883, a further Amendment of this Specification.
LETTERS PATENT to George Ashworth and Elijah Ashworth, of the Firm of
Ashworth, Brothers, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, for
an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES AND IN THE CARDING
OPERATING
FOR
APPLIANCES
LINDY FA
THEREOF, AND IN
APPARATUS
UPON SUCHI
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Ashworth and Elijah
Ashworth at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th November
1880.
IN
GEORGE ASHWORTH and ELIJAH ASHWORTII of the Firm of Ashworth Brothers
"IMPROVEMENTS
of Manchester in the County of Lancaster, Engineers.
CARDING ENGINES AND IN THE CARDING APPLIANCES THEREOF AND IN APPARATUS
FOR OPERATING UPON SUCH APPLIANCES."
Our Invention has for its object to render more perfect the action of the carding
surfaces of carding engines. Hitherto the edges of the carding surfaces of the
cylinders and rollers have been more or less uneven and have not coincided
throughout the engine and in consequence it has been necessary to make the
collective carding surface wider than the sheet of carded fibres so that a margin at
each end of each cylinder and roller has not been utilised to practical effect in the
on the sheet or
carding and has caused waste of material and ragged selvedges
sliver. To obviate this defect in the first part of our Invention we employ a
revolving emery wheel to cut the edges of each carding cylinder and roller during
its revolution so that true edges are produced and we make these edges correspond
throughout the engine. The emery wheel is mounted upon a revolvable shaft
which can be mounted in the grinding brackets or is provided with bearings
which fit in the said brackets. The cylinder is caused to revolve and the emery
wheel is driven rapidly and is regulated to cut away the wires at the end of the
cylinder until a true edge is produced. The emery wheel may be arranged to
revolve in a carriage which is mounted upon a bar or bearer which can be applied
to the carding engine and if preferred two emery wheels may act in concert.
In

page_text: the case of the main cylinder we prefer to apply an edging ring of wood, metal or
other suitable material fitting close to the cut edge of the cards and projecting a
little beyond the surface. This edging may be bent or coiled around the cylinder
or be formed in segments secured by means of screws pins or catches or be a
segment of a ring secured to the framing. The "licker-in "the doffer and each
roller is cut down to enter between the edging rings and to run as closely as is
practicable thereto.
We may apply edgings to the other cylinders and rollers but
such edgings will be below the carding surfaces. We expect to be able to utilise
the whole of the carding surfaces and thereby to obtain better selvedges. In the
cases of engines provided with flats we cut down the ends of the cards upon the
flats to suit the width of the cylinder carding surface. In the case of a chain of
flats, the flats are successively subjected to the action of the grinding wheel by the
traverse of the chain. The grinding apparatus may be employed to test the
accuracy of the carding surface in which case the revolving emery wheel would he
moved by hand so as to skim lightly over the said surface and to detect or to cut
away any protruding points. In the case of condenser carding engines having
spaces formed around the doffer we employ a revolving emery wheel or two or
more wheels to cut the said spaces. In the second place we employ solid emery
or abrading wheels to cut down the longer wires in flat cards in order to produce
a inore uniform surface preparatory to the ordinary grinding having for its object
to sharpen the cards. In an apparatus which we have devised for this purpose ɩwo
or more wheels are fixed upon a spindle which is fitted to revolve in a traversing
carriage which is moved to and fro upon its bed so as to cause the wheels to act
upon two flats which are secured in position above or below the said wheels to
beds or parts which are fitted to slide towards and from the grinding wheels or
the wheel spindle may be mounted in a frame which can be moved towards and
from the flats. A third part of our Invention has for its object to obtain sinooth
metallic bottoms to the cards on rollers or cylinders. We coil wire or metal
ribands around the roller or cylinder so that each coil shall lie in the bottom of the
space between two rows of card dents. In some cases we may employ the coils of
wire as means for keeping down the card foundation in which cases fewer coils
would be necessary. In the laying of the coils we employ a perforated and grooved
guide which enters between the rows of dents. According to a fourth part of our
Invention we employ a rapidly revolving emery wheel to enter between the rows
of dents so as to sharpen the dents which are held apart for the entrance and
operation of the wheels by means of a plough or tool which runs in the spaces
between the rows. For the sake of expedition a number of wheels would be
mounted upon one spindle a corresponding number of ploughs being employed.
The card whilst being operated upon is drawn forwards by suitable means or is
carried forwards by a druin or the card or the grinder is otherwise traversed.
remaining part of our Invention we adapt to the lap bracket or to a suitable part
of the carding engine a removable case enclosing a revolvable brush and clearing
combs and formed to enclose a card roller. We drive the brush by means of the
loose pulley. A roller which requires to be cleaned can be shut up in the casing
and be turned round therein so as to cleaned by the brush.
In a

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said George Ashworth and Elijah Ashworth in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 4th May 1881.
IN
GEORGE ASHWORTH and ELIJAI ASHWORTH of the Firm of Ashworth Brothers
"IMPROVEMENTS
of Manchester in the County of Lancaster, Engineers.
CARDING ENGINES AND IN THE CARDING APPLIANCES THEREFOR AND
FOR OPERATING UPON SUCH APPLIANCES."
IN APPARATUS
Our Invention has for its object to render more perfect the action of the carding
surfaces of carding engines. Hitherto the edges of the earding surfaces of the
eylinders--and--pellers-have--been--more--or-less--uneven-and--have--not--coincided
throughout--the--engine--and--in--consequence--it-has-been
collective-earding surface wider than
necessary-to-make-the
and
the-sheet-of-earded-fibres-50-that-a--margin-at
each-end-of-each-erlinder-and-roller-has-not-been-utilised-to-practical--effect-in--the
earding-and-has-caused-waste-of material and ragged selvedges "-on-the-sheet-or
sliver. Ta-obrinte-this-defeet-is-the-object-of-the-first-purt of our lavention. We
employ a revolving emery wheel to eut by its grinding-action the edges of each carding
eylinder-and-roller-during-its-revolution so that true-edges-are-produced-and-we-make
these-edges-correspond-throughout-the-engine. If preferred-two-omery-wheels may
net-in-concert.-In-the-ease-of-the-main cylinder we prefer to apply-an-edging-ring-of
wood-metal-or-other-suitable-material-fitting-close-to-the-eut-edge-of-the-cards
projecting-n-little-beyond-the-surface. The licker-in-the-doffer-and-each-roller is
ent--down-to--enter--between--the -edging--rings-and to-run-as-closely-thereto-as-is
practicable. Ia-the-enses-of-engines-provided-with-Ants-we-ent-down the ends of the
eards-upon-the-Hats-to-suit-the-width-of-the-eylinder carding surface. In the ease of
a-chain-of-flats-the-flats-are-successively subjected to the action of the grinding wheel
by the-traverse-of-the-chain. The grinding-apparatus-may-be-employed-to-test-the
-wheel-would-be
accurney of the-carding-surface-in-which-ease-the-revolving emery-
moved-by-hand-so-as-to-skim-lightly-over-the-said-surface-and-to--detect--or--to-ent
away-any-protruding-points. In the ease of condenser earding engines having spaces
formed-around-the-deffer-we-empior a-revolving-emery-wheel or two-or-more-wheels
to--ent--the--said--spaces. In--the--second-place we-employ-solid-emery-or-abrading
wheels-to-ent-down-or-grind-the-longer-wires-in-Ant-cards-in-order-to-prednee-n-more
uniform--surface--preparatory--to--the--ordinary-grinding-having-for--its--object--to
or-more-wheels-are-fixed-upon-a-spindle-which--is--fitted--to-revolve-in-a-traversing
sharpen--the--eards. In--an--apparatus-which-we-have-devised-for-this-purpose-two
earringe-which-is-moved-to-and-fro-upon its--bed--so--as--to--cause-the-wheels-to-net
upon--two-Hats. A third-part-of-our-Invention-has-for-its-object-to-obtain-smooth
metallic-bottoms-to-the-eards-on-rollers-or-eylinders. We-coil wire-or metal ribands
around-the-roller-on-cylinder-so-that-each-coil shall lie in the bottom-of-the-space
between-two-rows of-card-dents.-In-the laying-of-the coils-we-employ-n-perforated
According to e-fourth
and grooved guide-which-enters-between-the-rows-of-dents.
part of our Invention we employ a rapidly revolving grinding wheel to enter between
the rows of dents so as to sharpen the dents which are held apart for the entrance
and operation of the wheel by means of a plough or tool which runs in the space
between the rows. For sake of expedition a number of wheels would be mounted
upon one spindle a corresponding number of ploughs being employed. And in order
that our Invention may be fully understood we have attached hereunto two-Sheets-of
Drawings which are marked with letters of reference the Figures in Sheet 1-being
illustrative-of-the-first-and-second-parts of our Invention-and-the-Figures-in-Sheet-
'

page_text: of-the-third-and--fourth--parts--thereof. Referring-to-Sheet 1, Fig--1-represents
side-view-of-a-earding-engine-and-is-illustrative of the application-of-the-apparatu
which-we-use-when-earrying into-effect-the-first part of our Invention. Fig. draw
about-one-quarter-the-full-size-represents-one-method-of-mounting-the-emery-whee
which-we-use-to-produee-true-edges-on-the-earding-surfaces. In the said Figure-a-i
a--bracket--which--is--formed--with--a--bearing in which-a-shaft-is-fitted-to-revolve
Epon-one-end-of-the-said-shaft-is-fixed-a-pulley-b-and-upon-the-other-end is mounted
an emery grinding wheelc.-The-wheel-c-is-seenred-between-Hanches-upon-a-collar.
which-is-fitted-to-slide-upon-the-shaft-and-is-enused-to-turn-therewith-by-means-of-u
fast-key-or-by-other-suitable-means. The sliding traverse--of-the--collar-d-upon the
shaft--ean--be--regulated--by--means--of-two-adjustable-collars-e.-e'.-The-collur-d-ie
grooved-to-receive-n-handle-which-may-be-used--to--slide--the--said-sollar-to-und-fre
#pen-the-shaft.-The-forked-end-of-such a handle is represented in Fig-4 wherein-fƒ
are two-swivel-bleeks-which-are-formed-with-faces-which-are-curved-to-fit-the bottom
of-the-groove-in-the-collar-and-are-pressed-inwards-by-means of springs. When the
blocks/-are-introduced-into-the-groove-the-springs yield and permit the blocks to pass
inte-position-to-fit-upon-the-bottom-of-the-groove-when-the-collar-d-may-be-readily
slid-to-and-fro-by-means-of-the-said-handle.-The-bracket-a-is-rendered-adjustable-by
means-of-a-screw-y-as-seen-in-Figure-3-which represents-n-front-view-of-the-braeket.
Figure-the-said bracket-is-represented as-when-bolted-to-the-side-of-the-deffer"
easing. pon-the-shaft-of-the-brush-which-clears-the-flats-is-fixed-a-pulley-h-and-a
strap-upon-this puller-nets-upon-the-pulley-b-and-enuses-the-grinding wheel to revolve
rapidly-The--doffer--is--also--revolved-and-the-emery-wheel-is-permitted-to-ent-the
wires-for-a-determined-distance-from-the-end-of-the-doffer-so-ns to leave-a-determined
and-uniform-width-of-wire-the-collar-e-being--adjusted-to-limit-the-movement-of
the-grinder-so-that-the-wires are-ent or ground-away to the determined eircumferential
line-the earding-turnee-being-left-with-a-true-clean-ent--edge-As-required-during
the-grinding-or-entting-away-of-the--wires--the--bracket-a-is-adjusted-nearer-to-the
axis-of-the-doffer-The-dotted-lines-at-al-indicate-the-appleation of the bracket-a-te
the-frame-in-the-place-of-the ordinary grinder-bracket-when-the--edges-of-the-main
indicate-the-application-of-the-apparatus-when-intended-to-operate upon the flats the
end-edges-of-eneh-flat-being-rendered-true-us-the-flat-passes-over-a-short-bend.
grinder-shaft-may-receive-motion-from-the pulley h-in-all-positions-of-the-bracket-a-or
any other suitable method of driving may be adopted in any ease. The bracket-a-may
be-shifted-from-one-side-of-the-engine-to-the-other-so-as-to-operate upon both ends of
eylinder-are-to-be-operated-upon-by-the-grinding-wheel-and-the-dotted-lines-nt-a²
The
the-duffer-eylinder-or-Hat--er--two-brackets--may--be--used-one-for-ench-side-of-the
engine. In-a-modification-of-the-apparatus--the--grinding--wheel--or--two--grinding
wheels-is-or-are-mounted-upon-a-shaft--which--revolves--in--brackets-secured-to-the
two-sides-of-the-engine-or--in--the ordinary-grinding brackets-or-in bearings which
are-formed-to-fit-therein-or-the-grinding-wheel-shaft-may-be-mounted--in--or-upon-a
earriage-which-may-be-fitted-to-slide-upon-a-bar-or-bearer so that any part of the
earding-surface-may-be-operated-upon,-the-part-upon-which-the-shaft--is--mounted
being-also fitted-to-slide-towards-the-earding-surface-and-having-a-serew adjustment
the-arrangement-being-similar-to-the-slide-rest-of-a-lathe. We-should-use-such-an
from-side-to-side-of-the--engine--the-revolving grinder--being--allowed-to-skim-the
points--as--herein before--mentioned. Also--such--RH-Arrangement-would-be-suitable
*****gement-to-test-the-nceurney-of-the--earding--surface--by--sliding--the--earringe
surface-of-the-doffer-or-eylinder-and-thereby-to-detect-or-ent-away-any-protruding
for-use-when-employing-a-revolving-wheel-to-ent-away-the-eard-teeth-so-as-to-form
isolated-rings-of-cards-such-for-example--as--are-used--in-condenser-earding-engines.
The--small--earding--rollers--and--elearers-may-have-their-edges-eut-either-in-their
pluees-in-the-engine-or-when-revolving-in-a--lathe-or-in-a-specially--constructed
apparatus-Fig 5 represents-a-portion-of-a-main-eylinder-having-the edges trned in
the manner herein-described-and-having-edging-rings-i-applied-elose-to-the-margins 5
of-the-wires-that is to say to the edges which have been trued by means of the grinding
wheel.-The-edging-rings- may--be--of--wood-metal--or-other-suitable-material-and

page_text: may-be--bent--or--coiled--around the cylinder-or-be-formed in-segments-seenred-by
means--of--screws-pins--or--entehes--the--upper--surface--of--the--edging-extending
slightly-above--or--beyond-the--points--of-the-wires. The remaining Figures--in
Sheet-1-are--illustrative of the second--part--of-our-Invention. Fig. 6-drawn-to-a
senle of abont-one-and-a-quarter inches-to-the--foot--is-a-front-elevation Fig. 7an
end-view-and-Fig-S-a-plan-of-n--machine--for--operating--upon--Ants--preparatory
upon-a-planed-bed-k-and-in-bearings-formed-in-e-bracket-m-upon--the--said-earringe
a-shaft-n-is-fitted-to-revolve--being--driven--by--means-of-a-strap--acting--npen-a.
pulley-o: The-bracket-m-is-fitted-to-slide-vertically-and-is--adjusted--by--means--of
to-the-ordinary-grinding-or--sharpening--operations. A carriage-j-is-fitted-to-slide
a-serew--which--ean--be-operated-by-means-of-a-handle-p. Upon-the-said-shaft-are
fixed-two--solid--emery--wheels-Brackets-s-s-are-fixed-to-the-two-sides-of-the
bed-k-and-are-adapted-to-sustain-two-card flats-q-q-in-such-a--manner--as--that--the
general-surfaces-formed-by-the-ends-of-the-wires-shall--be-vertically--parallel--with
earriage-j.-The-flats-ure-also-adjusted--to-be-horizontally-parallel--with--the--said
line-of-traverse-this-being-effected-in-the-example--by-bringing--the--wires--on--the
inner-edges-into-contact-with-the-edges-of-fixed-plates-t-t.-The--earringe--may--be
traversed-upon-the-bed-by-means-of-a-serew or rack-or--by--any--suitable--arrange
ment. In the-example-an-endless-pitch--chain--u--is--mounted--upon--wheels--v-v':
which-revolve-upon-vertical-axes-and-one--v¹--of--the--said--wheels--is--actuated--by
means-of-a-strap-pulley-w-which-is-fixed-upon-a-shaft-which-is-connected' by..bevel
gearing-with-the-shaft-upon-which-the-said-wheel-is-fixed.-As-the-chain-travels-a
finger-or-projection-upon-the-chain-comes-in--contact--with-a--downward--projecting
pin-x-which-is-fixed-to-the-earriage-and-by-so-doing-moves--the--earriage-along--the
bed-until-the-said-finger-arrives-at-one-or-the-other-of-the-wheels-vwhen by passing
around-the-wheel-it-leaves-the-said-pin-and-the-movement of--the-carriage--eeases
until-the-said-finger-comes-into-contnet-with-n second-pin-on-the-other-side-of-the
earriage-and-moves-the-earringe-in-a-contrary-direction. The carriage is thus caused
the-upper-surface-of-the-said-bed-that-is-to-say with-the-line-of-traverse--of-the
to-traverse-to-and-fro-upon-the-bed-whereby--the-two-grinding-wheels-r-are-eansed
to-pass-over-the-flats-from-end-to-end.-The-wheels-are--so adjusted--in--height--by
means-of-the-handle-p-as that-the-points-of-sneh-of-the-wires-as-may be too long are
ent-away-so-ns-te-reduce-all-the-points-or-wire-ends-to-the-same level. The earriage
dwells-at-each-end-of-its-traverse whilst-the-finger-upon-the-chain-is--passing--round
the-wheel-v-or-v-and-during-sueh-periods-of-rest-the-flats-are--removed--and--are
replaced-with-others: When necessary-the-flats-are-allowed-to-remain--during-the
forward-and-return-traverses-of-the-earringe. As it is advisable-that--the--cirenm-
ferenees-of-the-grinding-wheels--should--be--truly--eylindrical--we--have--devised--a
trueing-tool-which-is represented by Fig. 9.-A-small-slide-bed-is-arranged to
fit-upon-and-to-be-seenred--to--the--earriage--j--and--upon--this--bed--is--mounted--a
sliding-tool-holder-the-whole-arrangement-being-similar-to-an-ordinary
lathe--slide
rest: The-said-tool-holder-earries-a-diamond-eutting-tool-which-ean-be-brought to
aet-upon-the-periphery-of-one-of-the-wheels--r--and--ean--be--traversed--nereis-the
grinding-face-by-means-of-a-serew. The tool earringe-ean-be-shifted--to--the--other
end-of-the-bed-to-aet-upon-the-other-grinding-wheel--or-the-bed--is--provided--with
two-tool earringes. If preferred-the-apparatus-illustrated-by-Figs:0 to-S-may-be
se construeted-as-that the flats-shall-be-inverted-over--the--wheels--r--so--that--the
said-wheels-traverse-below-the-flats--or--the--apparains--may be modified-in--the
manner-illustrated-by-Fig. 10-wherein-7'-is--n--grinding wheel which--is--moulded
with-a-projecting-flanch-the-vertical-free-of-which-flanch-forms-the-cutting-surface.
The-flat-q-rests-upon-end-earriers-s-which-are-fitted--to-slide-npon-brackets-82-and
are-adjusted-by-means-of-serews-there-being-a-corresponding arrangement to carry
each-end-of-the-Hat. In-the-example-the--flat--is--simply placed in position--and
eneh-end-is-held-in-close-contnet with-the-carrier-s'-by-means-of-a--spring--bat--this
may-be-varied. By employing-an-arrangement-to-earrier-a-second-flat-which would
be-held-in-position-above-the-axis--of-revolution-of--the--wheel-r'-or-of-the-wheel-r
in-the-first-described-arrangement-two-flats-could-be-operated-upon-simultaneously

page_text: the-machine-being-provided with one-wheel-to-face-ap-two-Hats-or-with two wheels
to-face-up-four-flats-simultaneously-as--preferred.-The-wheel--might--be--arranged
to-revolve-upon-a-vertical-axis--and--also--the-edge--wheel--in-Figs-+-G-to-S-might
revolve-upon-a-vertical-axis-and-net-upon-two-flats-sustained-on--opposite--sides--of
the-wheel-in-such-a-manner-as-that-the-earding-surfnees-would-be-vertical. Any
suitable-description of grinding-wheel-may-be-substituted-for-the-solid-emery-wheel
or-wheels-but-we-prefer-to-use-the-lutter:-The--manner--in--which--we--carry--into
effeet-the-third-part-of-our-Invention-is-illustrated-by-Figs-and-21-in-Sheet-2.
In-Fig. 21-y-represents-n-portion-of-a-doffer-or-eard-covered-roller-or-eylinder-which
is-mounted-in-a-lathe-or--is--enused--to--revolve--by--any--suitable-means-and-z-is-a
plough-tool-which-we-employ-to-guide-lengths-of-wire-into-the-rnees--between--the
eard-dents.-The-end-of-this-toolis-beveled-se-that-when-inserted-in-the-Free-farrow
or-spree-between-two-rows-of-dents-it-bends--the--dents--ontwards--as--indiented--in
Fig÷38.—An-aperture-is-formed near the end-of-the-tool-and-through-this-aperture
the-covering-wire-is-led-the-said-wire-passing-through--an-adjustable-tension-clip-s
which-my-be-considered-to-be-suitable-und--is--of-a--gange--or--width-which--will
wire-is-fastened-to-the-cylinder-or-roller-at-the-point-where-a-farrow-dies-out--near
of-any-suitable-form: The-said-wire-is-by-preference-flat-or-is-of-any-other--section
abent-cover-the-strip-of-foundation-between-two-rows-of--dents. One--end--of--the
the-edge-of-the-eylinder. We-drill-n-hole-in-the-eylinder-and-insert-the-end-of-the
wire-and-seenre-it-in-the-hole-br-driving-in-a-pin--or-we-adopt--any-other--suitable
method-of-securing-the-wire. The eylinder--is--enused-to--revolve-in-the-indiented
direction-and-the-tool-is-kept-in-the-furrow-and-is--traversed-in-a-spiral--direction
until-the-other-end-of-the-eylinder-is-renched-a-fixed-bar--y'--forming-an-abutment
or-rest-for-the-tool-During-the-traverse-of-the-plough-tool--the-wire-becomes
tightly-coiled-upon-the-erlinder-and-occupies--the--bottom--of-the--furrow-or--spree
between-the-rows-of-dents-and-when-the--other--end-of-the-cylinder--is--reached--as
aforesaid-the-wire-is-cut-and-the-end-is-seenred-to-the-eylinder-The-operation--is
repented-for-the-other-furrows-us-many-times-as-are-required-to-cover-the--bottoms
of-all-the-furrows-or-spaces-between-the-dents-with-wire.-The-form-of-the-tool-s
and-the-method-of-laying-the-wire-may-be-varied. In-some--cases-we-may-empley
the--coils--of-wire-only-or--more--particularly--as--means--for--keeping--down--the
foundation-in-which-eases fewer-coils-of-wire--would-be-necessary-that-is-to--say
every furrow-need-not-be-occupied by n-coil-of-wire: The remaining Figures--in
Sheet-2-are--illustrative-of-the-fourth--part-of-on-Invention. Fig: 1
is a side
elevation Fig: 2 a plan and Fig. 3 an end view of a machine which we have
devised for use in the sharpening of card fillets. Fig: + which is drawn about
the full size shows a side view of one of the ploughs used for fine cards and
also a part of a grinding wheel Fig: 6 drawn larger than the full size
represents 23 card partly sharpened and Fig 7 illustrates the method of
action of the grinder. In the latter Figure a is the plough and b the grinder both
being in section. The plough is rounded or tapered at the leading end so as to
enter the furrows or spaces between the rows of teeth and the sides of the plough
are beveled as-in-the-ease-of-the-aforesaid-toel so that the teeth on each side are
bent right and left in order that the grinding wheel may enter the said furrows.
In Figure 4 it will be seen that the top of the plough is curved so that the grinder
just clears it.
The form of this plough shield or guide may be varied to suit the
different kinds of cards or as may be thought to he desirable. One-of-the-variations
which-may-be-made-is-seen-in-Figures--and--which-will-be-referred-to-herein-
after. The grinder b consists of a thin disc of consolidated emnery formed or turned
with a beveled edge to enter the said furrows and to act upon the card teeth. Any
other suitable form composition--or--description of grinding wheel may be used.
During the grinding operation the card may be stationary and the grinder be
traversed or vice versa. We in most cases think it best to traverse the card.
In some cases this can readily be effected by hand as for example when grinding
flats or sheets of card clothing we can present the flat to the end of the plough so
that it enters a furrow between two rows of teeth. We then push the flat forwards

page_text: The
The flat is
so that the grinder passes through the furrow right across the flat.
then drawn back shifted endwise to present the next furrow and the operations
are repeated until the sharpening is completed. Instead of this mode the card flat
In Figs.
may be fixed to a carriage having the required movements imparted to it.
1 to 3 a machine is represented adapted to sharpen two fillets simultaneously.
The grinding wheels are secured on a spindle c which revolves in a frame d. In
the example four grinders are fixed upon each end of the spindle. One end of the
spindle with the grinders is shewn on a larger scale in Figs. 9. 10 and 11.
grinders 6 are threaded upon a sleeve which is mounted upon the spindle and are
kept at the required distance apart by washers and are secured by means of a
screw nut. We prefer that the distance between the grinders measuring from
centre to centre of their edges shall be the same as or be a multiple of the distance
the fillet is shifted in the setting machine after the insertion of a staple. Four
ploughs or guides are attached to a bridge o which is also seen in Figs. 4 and 5.
The bridge is secured to a flat surface over which the fillet travels. The spindle c
is driven by means of a strap acting upon a pulley g. The frame d is fitted to slide
vertically upon a bracket which can be adjusted by means of a screw and handle i
so that the grinders may be caused to penetrate downwards to the desired extent
between the card teeth and also that they may be "set up as they become less by
wear. The end of the fillet which is represented by kis passed under the bridge e
The fillet
so that the four ploughs enter four furrows between the rows of teeth.
is then drawn forwards until it can be brought under a drum which is covered
with felt caoutchouc or other suitable elastic material. Two such druins are fixed
upon a spindle which is mounted in a frame m which is adjustable vertically upon
a bracket as in the case of the frame d in order that the coverings of the drums
may be caused to press to a suitable extent upon the card fillets. A worm wheel is
fixed upon the drum spindle and with this wheel gears a worm n which is fixed
upon a driving shaft o. Upon this shaft is fixed a cone pulley which is driven by
means of a strap. The speed of the shaft o is so regulated as that the drums are
caused to draw forward the card fillets at a suitable speed. The grinding wheels
act upon the card teeth to sharpen the points and the teeth can be more or less
The action of the
ground according as the speed of the drums is less or greater.
"
machine may continue until the fillets have been operated upon from end to end
The ends of the fillets are now again introduced below the bridge e but in such a
manner as that the ends of the ploughs enter fresh furrows so as to sharpen the
sides of teeth not acted upon by the previous operation. By repeating these
To facilitate the entering of
operations all the teeth become ground on both sides.
a fillet we use a guiding bridge arranged to he shifted across the surface ƒ to
the extent required to present fresh furrows to the grinders. We may mount two,
three or more brackets carrying grinder spindles upon the machine bed and fix a
corresponding number of sets of bridges and ploughs upon the bed so that the
fillets will not require to be passed through so often. By so doing we could com-
pletely sharpen a fillet by passing it only once through the machine.
"
We have not
In
shewn these additional grinding "headstocks' to avoid complexity in the Drawings
but the bed of the machine as represented is sufficiently long to contain them.
order to obtain still greater expedition we may cause one grinding wheel to follow
another in the same furrow in which case the fillet could be traversed more quickly.
Two differing sets of wheels may be used one wheel or one set of wheels being
adapted to sharpen the teeth and another wheel or set to polish the teeth after they
have been sharpened. We do not confine ourselves to any number of grinding wheels.
A grinding wheel-formed in twe--parts-having-between-them-n--metal-dise-which
would-project-and-act-as-a guide-might-be--used-in-which-ease the plongh-might
be-dispensed with. In fact Excluding wheels or discs having abrading surfaces
consisting of cut or roughened metal which are unsuitable we claim to use in
combination with a plough or ploughs as described any kind of revolving grinders
having emery surfaces as herein described which shall traverse the furrows or races
between the teeth and shall be caused to grind or cut away the said teeth in the

page_text: the-same-time-traversing-the-revolving-grinder-or-grinders-at-such-a-corresponding
nanner indicated. We-may-act-upon-eard-teeth-after the eards have been-permanently
or-temporarily-fixed-or-mounted-upon-a-roller-or-eylinder-as-for-example- the-fillets
upon-a-eylinder-may-be-sharpened-by-causing-the-cylinder-to-rotate clowly and by at
speed-as-shall-keep-it-or-them-in-the-furrown-so-that-they-shall not--eross from-one
furrow-to--another-We-however now--think-that--a-more-certain-result-will-be
obtained-by-sharpening-the-fillets before--they-are--attached-to-the-eylinder. The
furrows-may-be-opened-to-some--extent--for-the-entry-of the-grinding--wheel--by
bending-the-eard-over-n-roller-of-around a--bar-or edge of #smaller--diameter-us
indiented in Figure-25-especially-in-the-cases-of-sheets--and--flat-clothing--but--we
consider-it-to-be-more-advantageons-to-use-the-plough. The machine may be made
to operate upon only one fillet at one time in which case a spindle having grinders at
one end would be used. We-also-use-the revolving grinding wheels-provided-with
guards-to-grind the backs of the-card-teeth-and-also-to-grind-the-fronts-of-the-same
if-considered to be desirable. Figs. 22 and 22^ illustrate-a-modification-adapted-to-be
used-for-this-purpose. The-grinding-wheel-b-is-beveled-on-one-side--and acts--only
on-the-backs-of-the-card-tooth-The-edge-of-the-grinder-which-is-towards-the-front
of the teeth is shielded-by-the-guard-a-which-is-a-slightly modified-form-of--the
aforesaid-plough-a. In-practice-we-cause-the-grinder-to-ent-its own--race-in--the
guard-so-that-a-recess-is-formed-which-is-just-eleured-by-the-wheel.-The-wheel-and
guard-are-traversed-neress-the-card-so-as-to-sharpen-the-teeth-from-side-to-side-or
the-wheel-axis-and-guard-are-stationary-the-card-being traversed-to and fro. After
each traverse-the eard is shifted longitudinally or it has a continuous slew longitudinal
movement-imparted-to-it. Fig: 8 is a diagram illustrative of the modification which
may be made in the machine to enable it to operate upon "sheet" cards or "flat"
cards having the furrows running across their width. In this example the grinders
are carried by a carriage p which is fitted to slide upon a bed 2. A driving shaft 8 is
fitted to revolve in bearings and upon this shaft is mounted to slide a wheel
which drives the grinder spindle c. When the carriage is traversed the wheel
slides upon the shaft. The sheet or flat is fixed upon a carriage which is fitted
to slide towards and from the bed and is actuated by an excentric crank cam or
heart-wheel which is caused to revolve at a speed suitable to the degree of
sharpening required. The spindle c may be driven by an overhead shaft or long
drum instead of by the sliding wheel t. As the carriage u is traversed towards the
grinder or grinders it or they enter a furrow or two or more furrows and sharpen
the teeth on each side of the furrow from side to side of the sheet or flat. The
teeth are also sharpened during the movement of the carriage away from the bed ".
When the grinders are clear of the card the carriage p is caused to slide upon its
bed so that the grinders will at the next traverse of the carriage act upon a fresh
part of the sheet or flat. The term grinder as herein used is not intended to apply to
inetal files or cutters which are unsuitable for our purposes.
Having now fully set forth and indicated the nature of our said Invention and
methods of and means whereby the same may be carried into practical effect we
would have it to be understood that we do not make any claim in respect of an
arrangement of apparatus described in the last part of our Provisional Specification
and consisting principally of a revolving brush enclosed in a case as we have not
included such apparatus herein Hor-do-we-claim the edgings i-excepting-in-combination
with-and-when-applied-to-the-ground-edges-of-the-card-clothing-as-above-deseribed.
We-are-aware-that-earding-engine-cylinders-have-been-formed-with-fixed flanges-and
that-card-rollers-having-rings-or-edgings-not-projecting-beyond-the-wires-have-been
proposed-and-illustrated-in-the-specifientions-of-Patents-of-dates-prior-to--OHF--OWN
and-such-flanges-and-rings-are-not-elnimed-by us but we claim :-
First. The-employment of revolving--emery--or--grinding wheels-to-ent-away-the
wires-at-the-end-edges-of-cylinders-rollers-and-flats-so-as-to-obtain--true-edges-and
practical-uniformity-in-width-of-enrding-surface-throughout-the-engine-substantially
as-set-forth.

page_text: Secondly: The-employment-of-u-revolving grinding wheel or of revolving grinding
wheels-to-ent-nees-in-the-wires-at-intervals in the length of-the-doffer-se-its-to-forin
Thirdly.—The--application--as--herein--described-of-the-edgings-i-to--the--eurd-
cylinders-ground-and-trued-edges-of-the-card-eylinders-as--and--for-the-purposes-set
isolated-rings-of-card-substantially-as-and-for-the-purpose-set-forth-
forth.
Fourly The-apparatus--substantially-as-and-for-the-purposes set--forth--and
indieated-herein before-and-in-and-by Figs 6.7. Sand 19-of-the-accompanying
Drawings.
Fifthly. Coiling-wire-of-metal-ribands-upon-eard-covered-eylinders--or-rollers-in
the-furrows-or-spaces-between-the-wires-substantially-as-and-for-the-purposes--set
forth-and-indieated.
Sixthly Sharpening the-teeth-of-cards-by-means- of revolving grinders which
traverse the furrows-between-the-rows-of-teeth--the-grinder-or-each-grinder-being
kept-in-the-furrow-into-which-it-first-enters-until-it-is-withdrawn-to-enter--another
furrow-substantially as eet-forth-and-indicated.
Seventhly: Sharpening-card-teeth-by-means-of--revolving--grinding--dises.or
grinders-of-consolidated-emery
which-traverse-the-spaces-between-the-rows-of-teeth
either-the-grinders-or-the-eard-being-traversed-or-moved-as-the sharpening proceeds
substantially as-set-forth.
Eighthly. First. The use in combination with revolving grinders of the ploughs or
guides to open the furrows for the entrance of the grinders and to help in keeping
the grinders in the furrows.
Ninthly. Secondly. The plough guide or guard a and the grinder bas and for the
purpose set forth and indicated,"
Tenthly. Thirdly. The revolving grinders bb the ploughs & and the bridges e to
which the ploughs are secured substantially as and for the the purpose set forth.
Eleventhly Sharpening-the-backs-of-the-tronts-of-the-teeth--by-means--of-n
revolving grinding-wheel--provided--with--n--guard--substantially-as--set--forth-and
indieated-hereinbefore-and-in-and-by-Figs. 2 and 22-of-the Drawings.
Twelfthly. The-guard-a'-formed-to-permit-only-one side of the-grinding--wheel
to-nct-substantially-as-set-forth-and-indicated.
And Lastly. The combination of parts forming the complete apparatus for
sharpening wire cards substantially as represented by Figs. 1. 2. 3. 9. 10 and 11
of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof we the said George Ashworth and Elijah Ashworth have
hereunto set our hands and seals this Third day of May in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
Signed sealed and delivered
in the presence of
EDWARD K. DUTTON
41 John Dalton Street
Manchester
Agent for the Patentees.
(L.S.)
GEO. ASHWORTH.
ELIJAH ASHWORTH. (L.S.)