CERTAIN INDROVEMENTO IN MACHINERY TO BE BEED FOR CONFECTIONARY PURPOSES."
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edmund Eaborn and Matthew Robinson, Engineers,
trading as Copartners, and carrying on Business in Clement Street,
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, for the Invention of "CERTAIN
INDROVEMENTO IN MACHINERY TO BE BEED FOR CONFECTIONARY PURPOSES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edmund Eaborn and
Matthew Robinson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 28th July 1856.
We, EDMUND EABORN and MATTHEW ROBINSON, Engineers, trading as
Copartners, and carrying on Business in Clement Street, Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY TO BE USED FOR CONFECTIONARY PURPOSES,"
to be as follows (that is to say) :-
First, our improvements relate to mills for grinding or reducing sugar for
confectionary purposes, and consist in applying the motive power below the
grinding surfaces, which may be of iron or other suitable material, fitted and
arranged similar to stones for grinding flour, the lower surface being fixed and
the top one made to revolve, or they may be both made to revolve in contrary
directions; and the advantages that would arise from applying the motive power
below the grinding surfaces is, that it admits of the top or running surface
being covered over by a moveable lid in connection with the hopper, thus
affording great facility for opening, cleaning, or regulating the mill, the
working parts of which may be removed and put together again in the course
of a few minutes.

page_text: Secondly, our improvements consist in the use of two or three rollers moving.
at different degrees of velocity, and in some instances grooved on their surface
from end to end at right angles to their axis, the use of such rollers being for
the purpose of giving form or shape to the prepared sugar or sweetmeats, by
which they might be made, either in long sticks, small globular balls, or any
other desired shape, as may be required, with great facility, the rolls being
geared and mounted in a suitable stand, and set in motion by a handle or other-
wise, as most convenient.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edmund Eaborn and Matthew Robinson in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 28th January 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, EDMUND
EABORN and MATTHEW ROBINSON, Engineers, trading as Copartners, and
carrying on Business in Clement Street, Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
Edmund Eaborn and Matthew Robinson, Her special licence that we, the said
Edmund Eaborn and Matthew Robinson, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said Edmund Eaborn and Matthew Robin-
son, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others; from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY TO BE USED FOR CONFECTIONARY PURPOSES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Edmund Eaborn and Matthew Robinson,
by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention; and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Edmund Eaborn and Matthew
Robinson, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what

page_text: manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement (that is to say):-
Our Invention relates to improved mechanical arrangements for crushing
and reducing sugar to a fine powder for confectionery and other purposes, as
also in the means for facilitating the forming and dividing of confectionery
articles or goods, the said goods being wholly or principally made of sugar;
but which said apparatus is also applicable for forming or shaping medical pills,
and various other purposes, the materials of which being made into a plastic
state, and subsequently requiring to be rolled and forined into portions of a
uniform shape and size. But as our several improvements will be best under-
stood by referring to the Drawings hereunto annexed, we will proceed to
describe the same, reference being had to the figures and letters marked
thereon, observing that we have marked the same parts as they occur in the
various Figures with the same letter of reference.
.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 represents a front view of our improved mill for crushing and
reducing sugar; Fig. 2 is a top view, and Fig. 3 a vertical section of the same,
taken through the dotted line A and B. a, a, is the frame or standard, to
which the top, b, b, is united by screws, shewn in the section at c, c; d, d, is a
cross piece, supported on a flange cast or formed on the frame for that purpose,
and held together by the bolt and screws e, e; f is a vertical shaft, working
through a hole in the top, and resting in the cross piece d, d, and is raised and
lowered by the screw and lever g, and retained in the desired position by the
set screw h; i, i, is a bevel wheel, secured to the shaft f, and derives its
motion from the bevel wheel hand driving shaft l, which shaft may be worked
by a handle fixed on the same, or by a pulley and band, as most convenient.
The part of the top or bed that extends from the centre to the sunken groove
m, m, must be cut in teeth radiating from or near the centre, somewhat
in the form given to the faces of millstones; and n, n, is the running or
revolving counterpart, here represented as made of cast iron, with the teeth
formed on its under side, the radial deviation of such teeth being in a contrary
direction. to the teeth of the under or fixed bed. The runner rests on two
gudgeons, marked o, o, which gudgeons are formed with a large boss in the
centre, through which the centre shaft passes; but the hole through the boss
must be larger than the shaft, in order that it shall have play to meet any
little inequality in the running of the two surfaces; this part is secured to the
centre shaft by a pin passing through the boss and shaft at the hole marked p.
The hopper q. q, and fence r, r, is made. in one casting, either bedding itself

page_text: on the top of the table or in a sunken groove (as here represented), and is cast
with two projecting pins on each side, marked s, s; and to the top of the table
two catches are attached, marked t, so that the hopper and fence has only
to be placed on and turned round, when the pins r, r, will pass under the
catches t, t, and thus be securely united. This arrangement, to this class of
mills, is very desirable, as it allows the internal parts of the mill to be readily
cleaned and examined. On the top part of the shaft a conical head is fixed,
marked u, and is prevented turning round by the feather key v, which fits
partly in the head and partly in the shaft; this conical head fits down over the
small part of the shaft marked w, and is held up against the nut a by a strong
helical spring, marked y, y; thus, it is evident that by raising or lowering the
scrow the conical head will be raised or lowered. -A-sectional-view_of_this_
part is shewn at Fig. 4, as taken through C and D, in which Figure it will be
seen that projections are cast or otherwise formed on the hopper, as well as
the conical head u, and which projections are inclined in opposite directions;
and the head being so arranged that it may be raised or lowered, it is evident
that the parts may be so set, that in their being worked the lumps of sugar
may be crushed into very small particles; but should the mill (from being too
finely set in this particular) choke in working, the fence and hopper may be
readily removed, and the sugar removed from round the crushers, and the
conical head forced down a little lower by the screw, if desirable. With a mill
so constructed, and the head and runner made to revolve in the direction of the
arrows (by the bevel wheels before described), it is evident that lumps of sugar
thrown into the hopper will there be crushed and reduced into small bits
before passing down through the eye of the runner to be ground to a fine
powder between its lower surface and the surface of the bed, and when pro-
perly ground or reduced to a powder it will be thrown out by centrifugal
force into the sunken groove around the fence, and gathered up by the two
scrapers z, z, and brought round to the delivery spout, represented at a' in
Figures 1 and 2. This comprehends the first part of our Invention; tho Draw-
ings being made to a scale of three inches to the foot, but we propose to vary
the sizes in proportion to the amount of sugar required to be ground.
Fig. 5 is a top view of our improved arrangements for shaping or forming
sweetmeats, such sweetmeats being usually made of a globular form. This
Drawing is made to a scale of six inches to the foot. Fig. 6 is a vertical
section of the same, taken through E and F. b, b', is a stand of wood or
other suitable material, and may be made in any other desired shape, and to
which the end standards c', c',-c³, c¹, are fixed by the screws d', d',-d', d'.
e is the mouth or feed tray; and f', f¹ are the feed rollers, formed with semi-

page_text: circular flutes or grooves lengthways of their peripheries, and geared to work
in such a way that the groove shall come opposite each other when the rollers
are revolving; 9', g', and h¹ are three rollers, grooved at right angles to their
axes, as shewn in the top roller g', Fig. 5, the roller h¹ being a little larger
than the other two. Thus prepared, sugar in a plastic state, with or without
the usual flavouring compounds, is made into a rude flat cake, and laid on the
feed tray e', and the machine being set in motion, the sugar or composition is
drawn in and pressed into a cylindrical form, the length of the roller, in the
sectional form, exhibited at 2, 2, 2, Fig. 6, from whence the composition sticks
or cylinders drop down, and are caught by the rollers g' and h¹ moving in the
direction of the arrow. Here the cylindrical stick of sugar or compound is
partially divided and squeezed into a kind of oval shape, and passing down
from here is again caught by the roller h' and lower roller g', which forces or
rolls them into a globular shape, and divides them one from the other, from
whence they drop down on to the delivery plato 2, and from here to a receiver.
shews the ball partially formed, and wholly formed, filling up both
grooves
in the rollers, and by the increased size of the roller h', and its consequent
increased velocity, the globule thus formed is rolled down between the grooves
in a finished state. In gearing these rollers together for working, g', g', and h¹
make one revolution simultaneously, but h¹ being larger in its circumference
than g', g', it moves faster in proportion, and it is this increased velocity of the
periphery of this roller over the other two that tends to carry the finished con-
fectionery or other globules down on to the delivery tray. Sometimes the
cylindrical sticks of confectionery or other composition have a tendency to stick
in the grooves of the lower roller fl; to counteract which, three springs are
fastened to the small roller, marked m¹; the springs passing under the roller
are shewn partly in dotted lines at n', n, n, Fig. 5, and by the same letter at
Fig. 6. The roller to which these springs are attached is geared to the
roller ', making a revolution in the same time, but the rollers f, f¹ are
worked by a ratchet and pall, deriving their action from an eccentric placed
on the axis of one of the lower rollers, and make but one revolution while the
others make sixteen, thus a fresh stick is presented to the action of the springs
every time the lower rollers make one revolution. This arrangement is for
making confectionery or other composition globules of a size averaging about
half an inch, more or less, but is capable of making them of any size, and
oval or angular shape, if required, by altering the form and size of the grooves
around the lower rollers.
And our improvements in making and forming the smaller kind of con-
fectionery, such as comfits, consist in shaking them in a circular metallic pan

page_text: (enamelled or otherwise on its internal surface), such pan being of the form
shewn in a sectional view at Fig. 7, which is about the angle we propose
setting it up. This pau is fixed over or, united to a steam chest, the steam
being admitted through a hollow collar fitted on the shaft, on which the pan
and steam chest work, the condensed steam or water being conveyed away
by a small tube, placed for that purpose within the hollow shaft. This pan
being made to revolve, and heated by the steam, the sugar or composition will
be taken up by the small seeds, kernels, or other vegetable matter placed in
the pan for that purpose, according to the description of comfits it may be
desirable to make, and by the rolling action will be kept asunder, because
-from-the-obliquity of the pan they will be constantly ascending and falling or
_rolling down over the curved bottom of the pan, and which pan must be kept
in motion until the comfits are formed or finished.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and the manner in
which the same may be carried into effect, we wish it understood that we
do not confine ourselves to the various details in the several parts herein
described, as the whole may be considerably modified; but what we do claim
as our Invention is, the general arrangement herein exhibited and described
at Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, for pulverizing and grinding sugar for confectionery,
and other purposes.
Secondly, we claim the general arrangement of forming confectionery, or
other composition globules, as exhibited at Figs. 5 and 6, without regard to
the precise manner of gearing or giving motion to the said machine, as also
in the shape or form of the pan, described at Fig. 7, for forming small con-
fectionery usually called comfits.
In witness whereof, I, the said Matthew Robinson, for self and partner,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of
January, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
fifty-seven
MATTHEW ROBINSON. (L.S.)
Witness,
EDM R. HOTCHKISS,
Clerk to J. S. Cockings, Patent Agent,
26, Anne Street, Birmingham.