IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING YARNS OR WORSTEDS FOR WEAVING CARPETS, ALSO IN. PRINTING CARpets, WOOLLEN, SILK, COTTON, AND OTHER TEXTILE FABRICS OR FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William McNaughton, of Aberdeen, Manu-
facturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING YARNS
OR WORSTEDS FOR WEAVING CARPETS, ALSO IN. PRINTING CARpets,
WOOLLEN, SILK, COTTON, AND OTHER TEXTILE FABRICS OR FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 13th October 1858, and dated the 18th April 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William McNaugh-
ton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 18th April 1853.
I, WILLIAM MCNAUGHTON, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING YARNS OR WORSTEDS FOR
WEAVING CARPETS, ALSO IN PRINTING CARPETS, WOOLLEN, SILK, COTTON,
AND OTHER TEXTILE. FABRICS OR FIBROUS, SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in certain new mechanical arrangements
and combinations of parts constituting a machine or apparatus for

page_text: printing various patterns or devices on textile fabrics, as above stated;
and the object and intention of this Invention is to print one or more
patterns or devices upon both sides of warps of yarn or worsted intended
for weaving carpets, and also in printing one or more patterns or
devices upon woven fabrics composed either of woollen, silk, cotton, or
other fibrous substances, separate or combined; and this is effected by
arranging and combining together a series of cylinders, upon which
are formed or attached certain patterns or devices. These cylinders are
arranged or disposed one above the other, in pairs, and are connected
together by wheels and pinions, so as to ensure uniformity of motion
of each pair of cylinders, as also the certainty of similar patterns
coming opposite to each other, as the cylinders rotate, and the material
passes between them; and the surfaces of the patterns or devices upon
said cylinders are supplied with various colors by means of rollers,
which are in close contact therewith, working in troughs containing the
necessary coloring matters. But in order to explain this Invention
more completely, I will proceed to describe the illustrative drawing
hereunto annexed, and forming part of this Provisional Specification,
reference being had to the numeral figures and letters of reference
marked upon said drawing explanatory thereof, as follows:-
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
At Sheet 1, Fig. 1, exhibits a side elevation of a machine or appa-
ratus constructed according to this Invention; Fig. 2, is a top plan
view of some of the parts. At Sheet 2, Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6, are detached
portions, hereafter referred to, drawn to an enlarged scale, to enable the
construction of such parts to be better understood. At each of these
figures the same letters of reference are employed, to denote corre-
sponding parts.
A, A, marks the main framing of the machine. B, D, are auxiliary
framings. E, F, G, H, I, are a series of cylinders of equal diameters,
mounted upon axles a, a, working in suitable bearings attached to the
framing A, as shewn. K, K, mark spur wheels of equal diameters, fixed
upon one end of each of the axles a, a; these spur wheels take or gear

page_text: into pinions b, b, which are connected to the framing A. L, M, are driving
pullies, one of which, marked L, is fixed upon the axis of the first of
the upper tier of pattern cylinders, marked severally E, F, G, H, I; and
that marked M, is fixed upon the main driving shaft Z, in connection
with any suitable prime mover, and a driving strap or band N. 0,
marks a
feeding cylinder, upon which the fabric or material to be
printed is wound; and P, is a cylinder upon which the said material
or substance is wound after it has been printed. Q, R, S, T, U, V, W,
mark troughs containing different coloring matters; said troughs are
constructed and arranged in the manner exhibited at Fig. 3, of Sheet 2,
where c, d, e, f, g, mark separate compartments, in each of which a
different color may be placed; or some or all of these compartments
may be subdivided so as to contain two different colors, as at c, and d;
and the rollers are so formed as that they are always immersed in the
color which is in the several compartments of the troughs; and, by
gearing the said coloring rollers with the pattern cylinders, the rotation
thereof is rendered unerring, and thereby ensures the giving off of the
color to the surface of the pattern cylinder. The construction of these
cylinders will, however, be better understood by referring to Fig. 4,
where 'h, h, mark projections fixed to or formed upon said cylinders,
nd upon these projections the pattern or device is formed. i, i, mark
he fabric or material passing between a pair of cylinders, and exhibits
wo such projections in contact with opposite sides of the fabric or
material at the same time; and, assuming these two projections to
ontain the same pattern or device, it will appear evident that that
art of the fabric or material which is between them will be impressed
ith the color thereon. An important feature in this Invention con-
sts in so constructing the color troughs as that the color is always
applied thereto at the same level, and this effect by constructing the
oughs or compartments therein with one or more holes or outlets, as
k, Fig.
; and I regulate the supply of color to said troughs so
at the level of the color can never be above such holes or outlets.
Having now described the mechanical arrangements of the machine
apparatus, I will now proceed to describe the manner in which it

page_text: operates for effecting the printing of elaborate designs, so as to produce
highly finished printing, as follows: The first pair of cylinders
marked E, effect the marking out of the pattern or device in large
masses or grounds; those marked F, print general colors on such said
masses or grounds; the cylinders G, define outlines thereon, and H, H,
define the pattern still farther by second shadings or tintings, and
finally by the cylinders I, I. Other grounds, or foliage or spotting, may
be added to the former, patterns; and, in proportion as a greater or less
number of cylinders are employed in like manner, the most elaborate
or simple designs may be produced on both sides of the fabric or
material at one operation...
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patcut,
filed by the said William McNaughton, in the Great Seal Patent
Office, on the 18th October 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
WILLIAM, MCNAUGHTON, of Aberdeen, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the six-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said William McNaughton, Her special
licence that I, the said William McNaughton, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and, assigns, or such others as I, the said William
McNaughton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and law-
fully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING YARNS OR WORSTEDS FOR
WEAVING CARPETS, ALSO IN PRINTING CARPETS, WOOLLEN, SILK, COTTON,
AND OTHER TEXTILE FABRICS OR FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," upon the condition

page_text: (amongst others). that I, the said William McNaughton, by an instru-
ment in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six, calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William McNaughton, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof (that is to say):
My Invention consists in certain new mechanical arrangements and
combinations of parts constituting a machine or apparatus to be em-
ployed for printing various patterns or devices, or plain surfaces: of
color, upon textile or woven fabrics; as also warps of yarn or worsted
to be employed for weaving carpets, and for printing woven fabrics
composed of woollen, silk, cotton, or other fibrous substances or
materials, either separately or in combination with each other. And
an important feature in my said Invention consists in printing. such
said patterns or devices, or plain surfaces of color, upon both sides of
the substances or materials at one and the same, time. And this I
effect by arranging and combining together a series of cylinders, upon
which are fixed certain patterns or devices, (or the surfaces may be plain,)
in the manner herein-after stated. These cylinders. I arrange or dis-
pose one above the other, in pairs, and I connect them together by
wheels and pinions so as to ensure, as nearly as may be, perfect uni-
formity of motion of each pair of cylinders as they rotate, and thereby
to cause the patterns thereon to come opposite to each other, as the
material to be printed passes between said cylinders. And I supply
various coloring matters to the surfaces of the patterns or devices which
are upon said cylinders, or upon the surfaces of the cylinders, only by
means of rollers working in troughs containing the necessary coloring
matters. And I propose to place the machine in a vertical position, as
exhibited at Sheet 1, for printing small patterns, and to place it in a
iorizontal position, as at Sheet 2, when printing large patterns. And

page_text: illustrative drawings hereunto annexed, and forming part of this my
Specification, and to the numeral figures and letters of reference marked
thereon respectively, as follows:-
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
At Sheet 1, Fig. 1, exhibits a side elevation of a machine or appa-
ratus constructed according to my said Invention, and intended to be
used for printing narrow goods, such as ribbons. Fig. 2, is an end
elevation of said machine without the patterns or devices upon the
cylinders and the coloring troughs herein-after referred to. Fig. 3, is
a transverse and vertical section taken through the line A, B, at Fig. 2;
the patterns or devices at this figure being exhibited upon the cylinders,
as also at Fig. 4, which is an end elevation of the framing and cylinders
without the color rollers before mentioned. Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, exhibit
the patterns upon the separate cylinders, as they would appear when
laid flat; and Fig. 9, is the perfect pattern produced by such said
several cylinders. At Sheet 2, Fig. 1, is a side elevation of a machine
or apparatus, constructed according to my said Invention, and intended
to be used for printing wide goods, such as carpets. Fig. 2, is a top
plan view thereof. Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, are detached portions herein-
after referred to, drawn to an enlarged scale to enable the construction
thereof to be better understood. At each of the figures of each of
these sheets of drawings I employ similar letters of reference to denote
corresponding parts, in so far as such parts appear or can be seen a
each of the figures respectively. .
At Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, of Sheet 1, A, A, marks the main framing
of the machine supporting the following parts: -B, C, D, E, F
mark a series of cylinders, the axes G, whereof are mounted in
bearings suitably attached to the framing A. H, marks a series o
toothed wheels, of equal diameters, fixed upon one end of each of th
axes G; these wheels take or gear into other toothed wheels I, which

page_text: are fixed upon one end of each of the axes i, of the color rollers K;
said axes work in suitable bearings attached to the framing of the
machine, as also the axes of the toothed wheels L, which are inter-.
mediate wheels employed for transmitting motion from one pair of
cylinders to another. The cylinders B, C, D, E, are pattern cylinders,
and the cylinders F, are feeding cylinders, between which the material,
to be printed passes. M, M, are troughs to contain the coloring.
matter to be used in printing. N, is a doctor or scraper, adjustable;
upon the troughs M, as shewn at Fig. 4, of Sheet 2; same being.
employed for taking off the surplus color taken up by the color roller..
O, is a revolving brush for clearing the pattern cylinders; or, in other,
words, for removing the color which accumulates from time to time in
the angles and recessed parts of the pattern and cylinder, and which, if
allowed to remain, would render the pattern imperfect; said brush may.
have rotary motion imparted thereto by a wheel P, gearing into the
wheel H; at the same time it is necessary to "shog" or impart reci-
procating motion to the brush laterally, which may be effected by a
pin taking into a helical groove formed in the end of the spindle, as
exhibited at Fig. 5, of Sheet 2.
cylinders, marked severally B, C,
cylinder of wood turned true in a
a pattern or device by either of the following means; that is to say,
after having determined upon the pattern, I then make a drawing or,
tracing of said pattern upon paper, and afterwards wind the same.
around the wooden cylinder, and fix it thereto by paste, or other con-
venient means. I then cut or recess, with suitable tools, the cylinder
at those parts where the pattern is, so as to leave the pattern in bas-
relief; or I cut or recess only those parts of the cylinder which surround
the pattern, so as to leave the pattern in alto-relief upon the cylinder..
Or instead of cutting or recessing said cylinder, as above stated, I
proceed as follows:-I scribe or mark squares or divisions upon said
wooden cylinder in the manner exhibited at Fig. 10, and into these
squares-I drive and securely fix into the said cylinder pieces of metal
of the shapes exhibited at Figs. 11, 12, 13, in the following order:
The construction of the pattern
D, E, is as follows:-I take a
lathe, and I fix to or form thereon

page_text: Suppose, for example, it is required to form a pattern of the shape
exhibited at Fig. 8, and that the part 1, of said pattern corre-
sponds with the size of one of the squares upon the cylinder; I
then take a piece of metal of equal size thereto, as at Fig. 11;
if the pattern- occupies two squares, as at 2, Fig. 8, I then take
a piece of metal of equal size thereto, as at Fig. 12; and I
proceed in this manner until I have read and fixed the entire
pattern upon and around said cylinder, observing that as the pieces of
metal increase in size it will be found desirable to make them with two
or more points c, as exhibited at Fig. 13, for fixing them to the
cylinder: And I would remark that the said pieces of metal should
be formed of some ductile metal, in order that they may adapt them-
selves readily to the curvature of the cylinder to which they are fixed;
and, instead of casting said pieces of metal with points for affixing
them to said cylinder, such said pieces may be formed without said
points, and, in lieu thereof, nails or screws of the ordinary kind may be
employed for fixing said pieces to the cylinder. Another mode of fixing
the pattern upon the cylinder is by forming stereotype casts of the
desired pattern, which casts are to be bent upon the wood cylinder,
and fixed thereto by screws or other convenient means. And I place
and securely fix in any convenient manner within such said pieces of
metal, and between the flanged or turned up ends a, thereof, one
or more thicknesses of felt or other suitable absorpent material or
substance for the purpose of taking up the color imparted thereto
by the coloring rollers before mentioned. And I would remark
that I do not intend to limit or confine myself to the use of wood
cylinders, as I believe that in practice it will be found more desirable
to have them formed in metal; such said cylinders to be formed and
worked in the manner hereafter stated in a future Specification of a
Patent, for which I am now applying (in England), entitled "Improve-
ments in printing yarns or worsteds for weaving carpets, also in
printing carpets, woollen, silk, cotton, and other textile and felted
fabrics or fibrous substances. And I would here observe that in con-
structing a machine according to my said Invention, great care should

page_text: be taken to arrange the pattern cylinders so that the corresponding
parts of the pattern come as near as may be opposite to each other
as the cylinders, rotate; and this may be effected by attaching the
wheels H, H, to the axis of one set pattern cylinders by means of set
screws b, shewn at Figs. 1, 2, of Sheet 1, passed through the bosses of
said wheels, and screwed tight upon said axis.
The operations of this machine or apparatus are as follows. Sup-
posing the color troughs M, to be charged with coloring matter, and
the machine to be set in motion, the rotation of the feed cylinders F,
will cause the material which is to be printed to be advanced between
them and between the pattern cylinders B, C, D, E, the end of the
material being drawn tight during such operation; and as these
cylinders rotate, and the color rollers K, distribute the coloring matters
over and upon the surface of the cylinder or the pattern or device
thereon, it will appear manifest that the material being forcibly pressed
between each pair of pattern cylinders will receive therefrom an
impress of the pattern thereon on both sides of the material simultane-
ously. And I would here remark that as the amount of pressure from
the pattern cylinders to the material will depend upon the nature of
the material to be printed, such pressure must, therefore, be left to the
judgment of the workman. In any case the pressure is obtained
by adjusting the bearings of one or other of each pair of pattern
cylinders to the framing by screws or other convenient means. And
this mode of printing carpets is also applicable to the printing of
patterns or devices upon one side only of carpets and other materials
and substances, and will be found a great improvement upon the modes
hitherto practised of effecting the same, as it will give greater density
of color to the material, and consequently a more determined pattern.
And as regards the arrangement and construction of the machine
exhibited at Sheet 2, it differs from the machine lastly above described
in the following respects:-Instead of arranging and disposing the
series of cylinders in a vertical direction, as exhibited at Sheet 1,
I arrange and dispose said cylinders horizontally, and I construct,
arrange, and actuate the principal parts of this machine in a similar

page_text: manner to that before described and represented at Sheet 1; an
I employ similar letters of reference to denote such corresponding
parts. And in using the machine exhibited at Sheet 2, for printing
yarns and worsted, I proceed as follows:-The yarns to be printed are
wound upon a cylinder at Z, and are passed separately through a
weavers' reed, such as is used in looms for weaving, same being affixed
to the machine at Y; and from thence it passes between the pattern
cylinders (by which it is printed) to the winding on roller B. Observ
ing that in order to keep the coils of the printed yarns distinct and
separate from each other, it is necessary to interpose a sheet of wire cloth
between the same, which is wound on to the roller with the yarns, I
would remark that in printing warps of worsted and silk it will be found
desirable to put in about four shoots of weft about every twelve or
fourteen inches asunder, to give body to the warps during the printing
thereof, to prevent them from stretching, and, when this is the case,
the reed Y, before mentioned; must be removed. The material, after
being printed, is suspended upon hooks in a box or chest heated by
steam, for the purpose of fixing the colors in the manner usually
practised, after which it is wound round a winch, and then passed
through a running stream of water, in a trough, for the purpose of
cleansing it. It is then placed in a hot air stove, heated to a tempera-
ture of from 90 to 120 degrees of Fahrenheit's thermometer; and,
finally, it is placed or wound upon a weavers' beam, ready to be woven,
the before mentioned shoots being removed for that purpose.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be and may be performed, I desire it to be
distinctly understood that I do not claim the exclusive use of any
of the separate parts above mentioned and referred to, except in so far
as the same may be employed in combination, and for the purposes
of my said Invention; neither do I claim the printing of carpets, or
other textile or felted fabrics, materials, or substances, except when the
same is effected in the manner and by the means herein-before particu-
larly described, set forth, and represented. But what I claim is the
printing of yarns or worsteds for weaving carpets, also in printing

page_text: carpets, woollen, silk, cotton, and other textile fabrics or fibrous
substances," either on one side, or on both sides thereof simultaneously,
as herein-before particularly described, set forth, and represented in
the illustrative drawings hereunto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said William McNaughton, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of October,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
Witness, CLEMENT COE,
WILLIAM MCNAUGHTON. (L.S.)
40, Cannon Street,
Manchester.
BENJ BROWNE, C.E.
Office for Patents, 4, Trafalgar Square,
London.