Improvements in Automatic Magazine Pistols and other Fire Arms.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Nov., 1895-Accepted, 4th Apr., 1896
JUMI DETE
Improvements in Automatic Magazine Pistols and other Fire Arms.
I, WASA THEODOROVIC, of 1 Tasomirgottstrasse No. 2, Vienna, Austria,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention relates to the construction of an automatic quick firing pistol and
other fire arm actuated by the recoil wherein the recoil after firing moves back
the barrel, the casing, and the breech bolt together in the closed position to an
extent exceeding the length of a cartridge, in which position they are either
maintained or kept by a catch actuated from the trigger, or when the latter is
released they are separately pushed forward in such a manner that at first the
barrel and case, operated by a spring are brought forward, and when the same are
nearly at the end of their course, the breech bolt follows, being actuated by a
second spring the difference of time between such forward motions being used for
ejecting the cartridge cases and for inserting a new cartridge.
By the backward motion of the breech casing the hammer is simultaneously
brought to the half cock position by an inclined surface on the under-side of the
casing.
As it is very advantageous for the shooter to know whether any cartridges are
still in the magazine and in order that he may not be obliged to open the breech
bolt for filling with fresh cartridges, I have provided a device whereby the breech
bolt remains open when the magazine is empty; this is effected by a projection or
stud on the cartridge feeder which stud after firing the last cartridge takes into a
catch on a rod guided with the breech bolt and thus prevents the latter from
closing on the forward motion.
On the accompanying drawings is illustrated a quick firing pistol provided with
my_improvements.
Fig. 1. is a longitudinal section of the pistol, the magazine being removed.
Fig. 2 is a side view of the same, (the cover of the breech casing being removed)
with the barrel, casing and breech bolt in their forward position, the magazine
being partly in section.
Fig. 3. is a similar view to Fig. 2, after firing the last cartridge the casing and
barrel being still in the backward position.
Fig. 4 represents the like view the barrel and casing being in their forward
position the breech bolt however in its backward position, the magazine being
partly filled.
Fig. 5 is a plan view partly in section the barrel, casing and breech bolt being in
their backward position.
Fig. 6 is a vertical section on the line 1-1 of Fig. 3 and of Fig. 5. seen in the
direction of the arrow 11.
Fig. 7. is a longitudinal section, Fig. 8 a cross section and Fig. 9 an end view of
the barrel with the cap on its fore end.
Fig. 10 is a vertical section of the casing on the line 2-2 of Fig. 15 seen in the
direction of arrow 2¹.
Fig. 11 is a similar section seen in the direction of arrow 211.
Fig. 12 is a left side view of the casing.
Fig. 13 is a right side view partly in section.
Fig. 14. a plan view,

page_text: Fig. 15 a rear end view and Figs. 16 and 17 are two vertical sections on the
lines 3-3 and 4-4 Figs. 10 and 14 seen in the direction of the arrow 3'.
Fig. 18 is a side view of the breech bolt. Fig. 19 an underside view, Fig. 20 a
horizontal longitudinal section Fig. 21 a vertical longitudinal section, Fig. 22 a
front view, Fig. 23 a rear end view and Fig. 24 a vertical cross section of the
same.
Fig. 25 is a side view, Fig. 26 a plan and Fig. 27 an end view of the connecting-
rod with appertaining guiding-rod and cocking spring.
Figs. 28 to 31 illustrate the four sides and Figs. 32 and 33 the end views of the
catch.
Figs. 34 to 37 represent the bolt-spring in two side views, a front view and a
plan view.
Fig. 38 represents the gun-lock with hammer on the full cock.
Fig. 39. represents the same on its way to half cock.
Figs. 40 and 41 represents in two views the hammer regulator.
Figs. 42, 43 and 44 represent in side view, longitudinal section and plan view the
stopping catch (to be actuated by the trigger) with the appertaining lever.
Fig. 45 is an end view and Fig. 46 a vertical cross-section of the same, Fig. 47
is a plan view of the lever carrying the stopping catch.
Fig. 48 is a section of the magazine with cartridge-feeder.
Figs. 49 to 53 represent the latter in side-view, plan, underside view and in two
end views.
Figs. 54 to 58 illustrate in plan, two elevations and two end views the releasing
lever for cartridge feeder.
The barrel b (Figs. 7, 8 and 9) is screwed into the breech casing c (Figs. 10
to 17) and slides with the latter in the outer case a, and is constantly pressed
forward by a spring 61, bearing at the one end against a fixed projection a¹ of the
outer case a and at the other end against the barrel cap b³.
The casing (Figs. 10 to 17) has on its lower side guide pieces c¹ c² (Fig. 6)
with which it slides on bars a² of the outer case, and it is provided with a slot to
render possible the introduction of cartridges into the magazine below.
In the axial bore of the casing c is the breech bolt d (Figs. 18 to 24), carrying
the firing pin d with spring d' and cartridge extractor d². The said breech bolt is
continuously subject to the forward pull of a drawing bar f'acted upon by a spiral
spring on the stationary bolt f¹ (Figs. 25-27).
The fixing of the firing pin, that is, the limitation of the motion of the same, is
not effected as hitherto by a small screw on the firing pin, but by a projection d
Fig. 20 on the extractor d, which projects through a slot d of the breech bolt to
the firing pin do, which latter is limited in its axial motion by the one or the other
disc do thereon coming in contact with the projection d³.
By the recoil on firing the casing c together with barrel b and breech bolt d are
thrown back as far as the breech bolt is drawn back in present guns to eject the
cartridge case; this backward motion is stopped by the key or catch e (Figs. 3, 5, 6,
28 to 33) against the jaw or surface e¹ of which a projection d' of the breech bolt
bears.
g
At the end of this backward motion a wedge shaped lug or projection g¹ of the
spring 9 (see Figs. 34 to 37) snaps into the notch f of the drawing bar or rod f
and thus holds the bolt d during the forward motion of the barrel b (effected by
spring b¹) in its backward position, till near the end of the said motion.
This separate motion is used for extracting the fired cartridge cases by the
extractor d' mounted on the bolt d, and by the ejector (Figs. 1, 10 and 11):
this latter is a pin which by the forward motion of the casing c pushes against the
bottom of the empty cartridge case which latter in being simultaneously pressed
outward by the inclined surface c, is thus thrown out, while a fresh cartridge comes
before the fore end of the breech bolt.
When the forward motion of the barrel b and of the casing c is nearly completed
a projection c³ (Figs. 4 and 12) on the under side of the casing presses against a

page_text: g
second projection g³ (Figs. 2 and 3) on the spring 9 and releases the key or catch g¹
of the same from the notch of the drawing rod f, which now, actuated by the
spring, is thrown forward and takes with it the breech bolt which pushes the
freshly lifted cartridge into the barrel b. In order to effect the moving of
the barrel b and casing c together with bolt d backward, but separated from the
latter forward, I employ the following device :
The pin d' into which is hooked the rod f with its oblique loop f* is mounted
upon a projection d (Figs. 1, 5 and 6) on the breech bolt d, which projection bears
against a pin or projection c* (Figs. 2, 4 and 12) of the casing c so that by the
recoil the bolt d takes with it the casing and barrel.
At the end of this motion, which is limited by the stop e, the spring b¹ begins
to act and now moves the casing a forward, and this tends to take with it the breech
bolt as the projection ct presses against the projection d³ of bolt d.
But as the latter can only move forward as far as the oblique loop of the
drawing rod fpermits, and as the latter is stopped by the catch g', which is
snapped into the notch f³, the pin ³, following the oblique loop effects a rocking
or turning motion of the breech bolt in such a manner, that the two projections c
and d come out of engagement, whereupon the casing c can be thrown forward,
and this effects, at the end of the forward motion, the described releasing of the
drawing rod f and permits the forward motion of the bolt d.
When the breech bolt has arrived at the end of its forward motion, so that the
cartridge is enclosed in the barrel, then the projection d³ will have come out of
the guiding groove c (Figs. 4, 11, 12, 15, 16 and 17) into which it passed by
the rocking motion of the breech bolt d at the end of the recoil motion, so that the
bolt can be turned into the original position again, this being effected by the
second surface of the oblique loop f off actuated by spring pressing against
pin and turning the same together with bolt d till the projection d' of the breech
bolt d is again situated before the casing projection c, which is formed by a notch
in the slot c³.
In order to prevent the accidental turning of the breech bolt I provide the
oblique loop and groove co, of which the former prevents the turning during the
recoil, and the latter the turning during the separate forward motion.
A. groove serves to allow the passage of the ejector c during the forward
motion of the casing c; the said ejector engages with a recess d³ at the end of the
groove d when the breech block is closed.
The backward motion of the casing e may be simultaneously utilised for cocking
the hammer h (Figs. 1-4, 38 and 39), this is effected by providing the lower
surface of the casing with an oblique surface c' (Figs. 1, 10 and 11), which cocks
the hammer. As it is not advisable to bring the hammer to full cock by the
casing (owing to the light pull of the trigger i, Figs. 1-4, 38 and 39), and as on
the other hand the complete cocking by pulling back the trigger is too much
handwork, it is preferable to cock the hammer by the recoiling casing only up to
the half-cock catch (position Figs. 1-4), the further motion of the hammer to
full cock (position Fig. 38) is effected by pressing upon the trigger i. By means
of a hammer regulator k (Figs. 1-4, and 38-41) which on the cocking (by the
casing) engages with the first catch 2, the hammer is maintained in this position,
when the casing makes the forward motion.
On now pulling the trigger i, the regulator k will slide over catch ', the parts
then assuming the position at Fig. 38; on farther pulling the trigger i until the
teeth thereof no longer gear with the teeth 3 of the hammer h, the hammer
being freed, is thrown forward for firing; the engagement of the regulator with
the half cock catch during this motion is prevented, as the tooth of the
regulator slides over the incline of the catch which covers h³.
The throwing forward of the hammer is effected by the spring r, which also
effects the return of the bammer and trigger i, as also the engagement of the
tooth with the tooth ³.
By the drawing back of trigger i, a projection thereof (Figs. 1 to 4, 38

page_text: and 39) actuates a piece m turning on a pin m' (Figs. 1 to 4, 39, 42 to 47) which
engages by means of hook m³ with a projection ea (Figs. 10, 11) of the casing c,
when this is in the backward position, and thus keeps the latter, as also the barrel
and breech bolt, in that position as long as a pull is exerted on the trigger.
When the trigger i is released by the finger, the stopping piece is moved back
by a spring m³ (Figs. 1 to 4) and thereby releases the casing, which can now be
thrown forward by the spring action.
It is not necessary always to provide this stopping piece, as its action can be
dispensed with.
In order to keep the breech bolt open automatically after firing the last
cartridge, the feeder p, (Figs. 2, 4 and 48 to 53) is provided with a wedge shaped
projection p' which, after firing the last cartridge engages with a second notch f
(Figs. 2 to 4, and 25) of the draw rod fand thus holds this back, together with
the breech bolt, as at Fig. 3, while the casing c is free to move forward again, as
at Fig. 4.
By the keeping open of the breech bolt the operator is made aware that the
magazine n (Figs. 2 to 4 and 48) is empty, and requires to be refilled.
But as already by the introduction of the first cartridge (which is effected
through the top opening of the casing) the projection pl will be released from the
rod so that the breech bolt could at once shoot forward, this must be prevented
by other means; this can be done by pushing into the groove a³ (Fig. 1) of the
outer casing a simple plate of the necessary width.
In order to enable the gun to be emptied of cartridges a lever q pivotted at q³
is provided, which engages by means of a beak q' with a third notch in the
draw rod f. For emptying the gun, the casing c and breech bolt d are moved
back by hand as far as possible, and the lever q q₁ is forced upward by pressing the
finger on the stud q³, and the casing is then allowed to shoot forward. This then
releases the spring g at the end of its motion, but the rod f together with the
breech bolt remains held back on account of the engagement of the catch q' with
the notch, and the two armed lever co, pivotted at c, which serves as abutment
for the top cartridge, can be released by a pressure on its external end c".
top cartridge is then released and all the cartridges still contained in the
magazine n are now automatically thrown out by the feeder p acted upon by its
spring n¹.
The
The said lever 9 serves at the same time for releasing the breech bolt d if it is
held back after firing the last cartridge, for which purpose it bears with a
projection against a projection p³ on the feeder p, and in being depressed it also
depresses back the feeder, which now also sets free the rod f and breech bolt d.
Lastly, the catch q can also be used for holding back the breech bolt (Figs. 2
to 4 and 54 to 58) its part q¹ being brought by the pressure of the finger into
engagement with the third notch f (Figs. 2 and 25) of the rod f, and thus
holding the breech bolt in backward position, notwithstanding the disengagement
of the projection p' of the feeder by the downward pressed cartridge.
Only after all the cartridges are introduced into the magazine, will the turning
of lever g (by a pressure on the button q³ thereof projecting outside the outer
casing) effect the disengagement of the catch g' so that the breech bolt can be
thrown forward.
The mode of using the gun is as follows:-
:-
The breech bolt is opened by drawing back by hand the casing e by means of
the handle c (Figs. 1 to 4, and 10 to 15) whereby the breech bolt d is also moved
back, the hammer h being also brought to half cock by this motion (position Fig. 3).
The casing is then released, and is forced forward again by the helical spring b;
the hammer remains at half cock, and the breech bolt remains in its backward
position as the magazine n is empty and the projection p¹ of the feeder p (which is
at the top) is engaged with the second notch of rod f.
The cartridge receptacle is now fitted on and the cartridges are introduced into
the magazine by pressing with the thumb. The cartridges having forced the

page_text: feeder p downwards, its projection p' will be withdrawn from the notch f³, and the
breech bolt will endeavour to spring forward, but as the cartridge receptacle is
situated in front of the breech bolt d, this cannot move forward until the former is
removed. As soon as this is drawn out, the bolt d moves forward and at the same
time pushes the top cartridge into the barrel (position Figs. 1 and 2). By pressing
on the trigger the hammer his brought to full cock and being then released as
described it is thrown forward and effects the firing of the gun. By the recoil the
barrel b, casing c and breech bolt d are forced backward (position Fig. 3), the
cartridges in the magazine are moved upward by the feeder p, but on the return
motion of the said parts the cartridges must give way downwards slightly.
The hammer h is brought to half cock h². As long as the trigger is held
(Fig. 39) the above mentioned parts must remain in their backward position; only
when the trigger is released do the barrel and casing move forward, the breech
bolt d remaining behind with the fired cartridge case which is held by the
extractor (Fig. 4). On the forward motion of the casing c, the ejector c" strikes
against the cartridge case and throws it out, and at the end of its forward motion,
the casing c releases the spring catch g from the draw rod f, whereby the breech
bolt is freed and is thrown forward again (position Figs. 1 and 2), thereby again
bringing the next cartridge into the barrel, and these operations are repeated until
the cartridges have all been fired. After firing the last one however, the breech
bolt d remains open to enable the magazine to be rapidly filled again, the holding
open of the bolt being effected as before described by the feeder p, which is in the
raised position.
The above described construction can be employed with all kinds of fire arms,
the construction of which apart from the above described mechanism can be of any
desired kind.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. An automatic quick firing pistol or other fire arm characterised by the
simultaneous backward motion of the barrel, breech casing and breech block on
firing, the breech block being held in the backward position while the other parts
are moved forward again by a spring, so as to allow a cartridge to be raised in
front of it from the magazine after which the breech bolt is shot forward by a
second spring, substantially as described.
2. In an automatic quick firing pistol or other fire arm operating as set forth in
the first claim, combining the breech bolt d with a draw rod f acted upon by a
spring and having notches ³, f, f, which rod is held in the backward position
by a spring catch g' entering one of the notches so as also to hold the breech bolt
in the backward position, while the casing c with the barrel b move forward until
towards the end of such forward motion a projection c³ on the casing c releases the
spring catch 93 and allows the rod f and breech block to be thrown forward,
substantially as described.
3. In an automatic quick firing pistol or other fire arm constructed and operating
as set forth in Claims 1 and 2, the connection of the breech bolt d with the draw
rod by means of an oblique loop with which engages a stud d' on the breech
bolt in such manner that on the backward motion of the barrel, breech casing and
breech bolt, the said loop imparts to the latter a rocking or turning motion whereby
the breech bolt is disengaged from the casing c so as to allow of the independent
movement of the said parts, while on the forward motion of the breech bolt the said
loop rocks or turns it in the contrary direction again so as to lock it together with
the casing, substantially as described.
4. In an automatic quick firing pistol or other fire arm constructed and operating
as set forth in Claim 1, the combination with the trigger i of a stop catch m which,
by a pull on the trigger is made to hold the barrel casing and breech bolt in the
backward position substantially as described.

page_text: 5. In an automatic quick firing pistol or other fire arm such as is referred to in
the preceding claims, the mechanism whereby the hammer his brought to half
cock, by the forward motion of the casing, the hammer being held in that position
by a spring catch & engaging with the catch h³ of the hammer, until it is released
by a pull on the trigger for firing substantially as described.
6. In an automatic quick firing pistol or other fire arm such as is referred to in
the second and third claims, the use of a cartridge feeder p having a projection pl
which, when the feeder is in the highest position engages with a notch of the
draw rod and thereby prevents the forward motion of the breech block d after the
last cartridge from the magazine has been fired, substantially as described.
P
7. In an automatic quick firing pistol or other fire arm constructed and operating
as set forth in the second third and sixth claims, the combination with the feeder
of a pivotted lever q which on being actuated by an external button q is caused
by a projection q* to release the feeder from the draw rod f so as to allow of the
forward motion of the breech bolt even after the last cartridge has been fired, but
which lever on being pressed upward engages with a notch of the draw rod so as
to prevent the forward motion of the breech bolt when the feeder is released from
the draw rod, by the introduction of the cartridges into the magazine substantially
as described.
8. In an automatic quick firing pistol or other fire arm constructed and operating
as set forth in Claims 1 to 6, limiting the longitudinal motion of the firing pin de by
means of a projection d on the cartridge extractor a², operating in combination
with collars d¹¹º on the firing pin, substantially as described.
Dated this 19th day of November 1895.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for Applicant.