CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1840

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
DAVIES, Agent to Messieurs Newton and Berry, of the Office for Patents,
Manchester, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Seventh day of October, in the fourth year of Her reign, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me. the said John
Davies, Her especial license, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I,
the said John Davies, my executors, administrators, and assigns, and such others
as I, the said John Davies, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no other, from time to time and at all times.
during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might use,
exercise, and vend, within England and Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, an Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR WEAVING;" which has been communicated to me by a certain foreigner
residing abroad; in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that I, the
said John Davies, shall cause a particular description of the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to. be performed, to be inrolled in
Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and
by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear..
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Davies, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly described and

page_text: ascertained in and. by the Drawings hereto annexed, and the following expla-
nation thereof, as communicated to me, that is to say :-
This Invention of certain improvements in machinery or apparatus for
weaving consists,―
Firstly, in a certain peculiar combination or arrangement of mechanism
constituting a self-acting "temple," for the purpose of keeping the cloth or
fabric stretched or distended during the operation of weaving; that is, retained
to a proper and uniform width and at one relative distance from the reed
wl en the weft is driven up.
Secondly, in a novel combination or arrangement of mechanism or apparatus
for the purpose of "taking up" the cloth upon the work or cloth beam or
roller as it is woven, and is entirely dependant upon the blow given to the
weft by the reed, and should the weft thread break or run out, the cloth roller
or beam would instantly cease taking up the cloth; therefore, should the
weaver not perceive it, or be engaged at another loom it will not require
immediate attention to renew the weft and stop the loom; but when the weft
is again renewed, the cloth will be equally as thick and even without requiring
the cloth beam to be let back, as is the case with the present taking-up
motion now in general use.
The general objects of these improvements will now appear obvious to those
acquainted with weaving; and in order to illustrate the different arrangements
and parts of these improvements in machinery for weaving, the following
description of their application to looms will be sufficient.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 represents the "temples," and shewn
full size when applied to weaving. The same letters of reference are used
throughout in describing similar parts in the different views shewn in Figs.
5, 6, 7, 8, 10, and 11.
Figs. 5 and 6 represent a plan of a breast beam of a loom with a pair of
temples attached to it by the two bolts B, B. A, A, are the two fixtures, with
slots in them, through which the two screws C, C, traverse; D, D, are sheet-
iron plates, attached to the slide piece, P, P, seen. at Fig 11, by the bolts
H, H, H, H, which keep the plate in its direction towards the reed, and
at the same time to slide along the fixtures the entire length of the
slott in the fixtures; at the opposite ends of these plates the sides are
turned over, as seen at Figs. 7 and 8, in such a manner as to receive the
plates E, E, in which the toothed wheels F, F, are placed, and revolves round
a stud, and secured to it by the small set screw m (better seen in a section at
Figure 10); the holes are drilled in the wheels to admit the points or teeth to

page_text: be put in easily; when the points are all in round the wheel it is placed in a
steel die, and the flange of the wheel, through which the points are placed, is
then submitted to a strong pressure by means of a press, which will compress
the metal of the flange so compact and close as to secure the points firmly
in their places, but the wheels should be made of a soft metal, sucli as brass,
copper, malleable iron; &c. The plates E, E, are kept in their position by an
ordinary steel spring catch, attached to the under side of the sheet-iron plate,
before named, and projects through the sheet iron into a recess 0 in the plate
E, as seen at Fig. 10. The plates D, D, are made to slide out parallel the
entire lengths of the slots in the fixtures, as before mentioned, and can be
adjusted to different widths of cloth by the set screws c, c. On the front of
the wheel plates E, E, Figs. 5, 6, 7, and 8, is a small projection n, n, n, n, over
which the selvage edge of the cloth laps over as it passes from the rced to the
points round the wheels through the opening K, K, K, K, and out through the
opening L, L, over the breast beam to the cloth beam in the direction of the
red lines y, y, y, y. The red lines R, R, represents the distance to which the
reed is permitted to approach the temple plate E, E. When the blow is given
to the weft, should the shuttle ever come in contact with the temple plate E, E,
when the reed approaches the cloth it will drive the plate back, in the plates
D, D, and thereby save the shuttle and reed from injury. When this takes
place the temple plate must be pressed forward by the weaver into its place
when it will be retained by the spring catch until a blow should be
given it. To regulate and adjust the temple plate to any desirable distance
that may be required for the toothed wheel to lay hold of the selvage edge
of the cloth, it is only requisite to unscrew the bolts F, H, II, H,
Fig. 5, 6, and angle (or set obliquely) the plate D, D, in towards the cloth or
out from it, when the toothed wheel will take hold of more or less of the
selvage edge, depending upon the angle given to the plate; after the desired
angle is obtained the bolts H, H, H, H, ( or adjusting bolts) should be
screwed firm. It will be perceived that Figs. 5 and 7 represents a left hand, and
Figs. 6 and 8 a right hand, "temple." Fig. 9 is a modification of the last-
mentioned temple plate, shewing a plan and section of the wheel and plate
which covers the wheel; the plate has an opening extending across it, together
with an opening in the end for the cloth to enter, as seen at K; there is a
stud cast to the plate on which the wheel F revolves, and, secured by the sets;
screw m the teeth or points are put in at an angle of forty-five degrees, but
the plan shewn in Figs 5 and 6 are decidedly preferable. Anothet description
of temples is shewn in Figs. 12, 13, 14. G, 12, is a section of a breast bean to
a loon, to which is attached the springs K, K, K; and W, the expanding screw.

page_text: c, c, is the plate containing the toothed segment (as shewn in Fig. 14), and is
attached to the spring by the bolts M, M; the segments revolve over two
wheels B, B, as seen in Fig. 14. The segments are secured to each other in
the form of a chain, or attached to any clastic substance, or may be discon-
nected and made to pass round and keep in their places by flanges in the sides
of the plate c, c, and D, D, as shewn in Fig. 14. Fig. 13 shews a section or
end view of plate, with the wheels B, B, and flange D. X, X, are the points
or teeth on which the selvage edge of the cloth is taken hold of; the wheels
B, B, are on a shaft A, A, A, which has a plate and segments with points on
each end for both sides of the selvage of the cloth, one being a left and
the other a right hand, as seen at Fig. 13; on the middle of this shaft
is a small roller covered with card teeth, such as is used in carding
engines. The double red line R, R, represents the line of the cloth which
shews the middle of the cloth acting in contact with the card roller
as the cloth passes from the reed to the cloth roller or beam, and
thereby turns the shaft A, A, A, and gives motion to the wheels and seg-
ments B, B, F, F,. and the points X, X. W is a bolt and nut, Fig. 12, to
permit the spring to expand to regulate the distance of the segment plate
C, C, from the breast beam G. It will be observed, the segments with the
points) on which the cloth is stretched upon, as seen at X, Fig. 13, in the
direction of the cloth line R, R,) are made to take a curved direction to
expand the cloth, as seen at Fig. 14. The red line R, R, Fig. 14, desig-
nates the direction of the selvage edge of the cloth after the points first enter
the cloth; this plan is a left hand segment; the right hand must curve in the
opposite direction; should the shuttle come in contact with the segment plate
C, C, Fig. 12, it will be forced back against the breast beam G to avoid injury
to the shuttle and reed; this spring will replace itself when the pressure is
moved, but the arrangement, in. Figs. 7, 5, and 6 will not do so. Fig. 1
represents an end elevation of a loom. The same letters refer to the same parts
in Fig. 1, 2, 3, and 4. A represents an end view of the lathe; B, B, is a
lever acting against the top of the reed, and is sustained on the stud C; C is a
spring secured to the lathe sword G, and presses against the pin b to keep the
lever B, B, in contact with the reed, as seen by the same letters of reference
in Fig. 3; the pressure of the spring is regulated by the tempering screw a;
the lower extremity of the lever B, B, acts against the stud D, which is
secured to the shaft E, E, which is sustained in the two figures; F, F, the
journals of this shaft have sufficient play to permit it to vibrate longitudinally;
the spring latch H is attached to this shaft, which works into the ratchet wheel
I, and is secured to the vertical shaft P, which is sustained to the two

page_text: fixtures L, L. M is a worm on the top on the shaft K, and works
into the worm wheel N, on the cloth roller O; on the cam shaft P
there is a cam R, which acts against the lever S, S, which is sustained
on the stud T, and draws the shaft E, E, back by acting against the pin
X. The reed is sustained on hinges, as seen at Fig. 2. ff, is the lathe bed,
to which the hinges e, e, are attached, and also to the piece g, g, that holds
the bottom of the reed, with the two end pieces d, d, attached, and to the top
of the end pieces d, d, secured the cross pieces A, A, which sustains the top of
the reed.
Now I will proceed to shew the manner in which motion is given to the
cloth roller from the reed when it gives the blow to the weft. There are
two levers acting on each end of the reed A, as seen at B, Fig. 3, therefore it
will appear evident when the reed gives the blow to the weft the top of the
reed will be pressed slightly back on its hinges, and move the lever B, B,
Fig. 1, so as to press against the pin D to move the shaft E, E, and make the
spring latch H pass back until it gets hold of a tooth of the ratcket wheel I,
better seen at Fig. 4; the shaft E, E, with the latch H, is brought back (and
turns the ratchet wheel every time the reed-lever enables it to get an additional
tooth of the ratchet wheel, and gives motion to the worm shaft K, and thus to
the cloth roller O,) always after the reed has given the blow to the weft, by the
cam R acting against the lever S, S, which lever works the shaft E, E, back
by coming in contact with the pin X; therefore it will be obvious, that when
the weft breaks or runs out there would not be a blow given to the reed
sufficient to carry the lever B, B, to enable the latch to obtain an additional
tooth of the ratchet wheel, and the distance which the spring reed falls back
when striking the weft can be regulated by the tempering screw C. Now it
will appear obvious that the taking up of the cloth on to the cloth roller
depends entirely on the weft going in, for should the weft break it instantly
stops taking up the cloth, consequently enables the weaver to bring the fabric
woven to an uniform weight and thickness.
Having now described these improvements in machinery or apparatus for
weaving, it is desired to be understood that the spring reed, as described in
Figs. 1 and 2, is not claimed as new, as such a reed has been before used and
applied to the yarn beam to let off the yarn, termed a "letting-off" motion,
but a spring reed has not been hitherto employed or applied to the work or
cloth roller or beam to produce a taking-up motion. But the Invention
claimed as new in this Specification are,―
Firstly, the above particularly described arrangement and combination of
mechanism or apparatus constituting a self-acting "temple" as applied to

page_text: looms for the purpose of retaining fabrics at an uniform width during the
cess of weaving, and particularly represented in the Drawings attached.
pro-
Secondly, the application of a toothed wheel in the position sustained and
adjusted, as heretofore described, together with the projecting pieces marked n on
the wheel plate Figs. 5 and 6, over which the selvage edge of the cloth is turned,
so as to enable the teeth or points to lay hold of the selvage of the cloth; and
further, the mode of adjusting obliquely or angling the temple by means of the
adjusting bolts in. Figs. 5 and 6, and the mode of securing the wheel plate in
its position in the slide plate of sheet iron, together with the manner of
securing the pins or points into the wheels by subjecting the flange of the
wheel to pressure, as before described.
Thirdly, the combination and arrangement of the segment temple with the
small roller covered with card teeth, as seen at Figs. 12, 18, and 14, but no
claim is made to a spring to attach the segment temple to the breast beam, (as
seen at Fig. 12.)
Fourthly, the arrangement of machinery as set forth in red in Figs. 1, 2, 3,
and 4, and the adaptation of a spring reed, from which I am enabled to obtain
a "taking up" motion as applied to weaving machinery,
In witness whereof, I, the said John Davies, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Sixth day of April, One thousand eight hundred and
forty-one