Improvements in or connected with Condensers.
Year: 1897

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Condensers.
I, EDWARD STEPHENSON, of 1, Tower Terrace, Wood Green, Middlesex, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to an evaporative surface condenser consisting of a vessel
open to the atmosphere at the top and kept partially filled with condensing water
wherein is a tubular system in which the exhaust steam is condensed.
A series of pipes are arranged near the bottom through which air, under pressure,
is admitted, which air is intimately mingled with the condensing water as it rises
and cools it by carrying off latent heat while the return current of water is directed
downwards by screen plates at each side in conjunction with fresh water to make
up deficiencies.
My evaporative surface condenser is suitable for attachment not only to steam
engines of every kind but also to vacuum evaporative and concentrating apparatus
for use in all cases where economy in condensing water is a desideratum.
The condenser is an open vessel or cistern in which a definite quantity of con-
densing water is continually maintained. The exhaust steam enters a tubular
chamber which is immersed in the condensing water contained in the cistern and is
therein condensed.
In order to carry off the heat given up by the said exhaust steam when con-
densing, a current of air under pressure from perforated pipes passes continually
upwards through the condensing water in the cistern. On escaping at the top this
air is charged with vapour and the latent heat thus withdrawn from the condenser
keeps the body of condensing water at a low temperature.
The condensing water lost in the form of vapour is constantly replaced by fresh,
which, entering near the top of the cistern is directed downwards in such a manner
as to cause in conjunction with the upward current of air a continual and perfect
circulation of the whole of the condensing water, increasing the efficiency of the
cooling surface by bringing the water into contact with every part in turn.
Dated this 19th day of August 1997.
H. GARDNER,
Patent Agent, 166, Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the said E. Stephenson.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.

page_text: be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to an evaporative surface condenser consisting of a vessel
open to the atmosphere at the top and kept partially filled with condensing water
wherein is a tubular system in which the exhaust steam is condensed.
The condenser consists of an open cistern in which a definite quantity of water
is continually maintained. The steam to be condensed enters a chamber provided
with tubes immersed in the water in the cistern. In order to carry off the heat
released by the condensation therein a current of air is injected into the water
which surrounds the tubular chamber. On escaping at the surface of the water,
this air is charged with vapour and the latent heat thus withdrawn keeps the
condensing water in the cistern at a low temperature. The water thus lost is
constantly replaced by fresh which entering near the top of the cistern is directed
downwards at the sides thereof in such a manner as to cause in conjunction with
the cooling effect of the current of air a continual circulation of the whole body
of water increasing the efficiency of the cooling surface by bringing it into con-
tact with every part in turn.
To particularly describe my invention, and as shown in the annexed drawings,
Figure 1 longitudinal and Figure 2 transverse sections, A is a vessel or cistern
open at the top in which the condensing water is maintained at the level B. The
steam to be condensed enters the chamber C at one end of the cistern A, and after
passing through the top group of tubes D returns through the bottom group E to
the chamber whence the remaining vapour and condensed steam are drawn off
by the air pump in the usual way.
Air supplied by a suitable pump or fan is brought through the air main H and
discharged into the condensing water preferably near its surface through the
horizontal pipes G, G, having perforations in their top sides.
Fresh condensing water is supplied through the pipes K, K, near the top of
cistern which pipes are perforated in their bottom sides. The circulation of the
cooler water downwards at the sides of cistern is further secured by two circulator
plates J, J, placed in the manner shown so that they shall separate the downward
current from the warmer water moving upwards amongst the tubes.
This invention therefore consists of an evaporative surface condenser suitable for
attachment to steam engines of all kinds, and to vacuum evaporating and con-
centrating apparatus for use in cases where economy in condensing water is a
desideratum.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:-
In an evaporative surface condenser, a vessel open to the atmosphere at the top
and kept partially filled with condensing water wherein is a chamber with tubes,
in which chamber the steam is condensed, in conjunction therewith a series of
perforated pipes in water through which, air is passed, which air mingles with the
condensing water and as it escapes carries off the heat of same, also a current of
cool water directed downwards at each side of cistern and separated from the warmer
water by means of circulator plates, all substantially in the manner and for the
purpose herein before described.
The 19th day of May 1898.
H. GARDNER,
Patent Agent, 166, Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the said Edward Stephenson.

page_text: Improvements in or connected with Condensers.
I, EDWARD STEPHENSON, of 1, Tower Terrace, Wood Green, Middlesex, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to an evaporative surface condenser consisting of a vessel
open to the atmosphere at the top and kept partially filled with condensing water
wherein is a tubular system in which the exhaust steam is condensed.
A series of pipes are arranged near the bottom through which air, under pressure,
is admitted, which air is intimately mingled with the condensing water as it rises
and cools it by carrying off latent heat while the return current of water is directed
downwards by screen plates at each side in conjunction with fresh water to make
up deficiencies.
My evaporative surface condenser is suitable for attachment not only to steam
engines of every kind but also to vacuum evaporative and concentrating apparatus
for use in all cases where economy in condensing water is a desideratum.
The condenser is an open vessel or cistern in which a definite quantity of con-
densing water is continually maintained. The exhaust steam enters a tubular
chamber which is immersed in the condensing water contained in the cistern and is
therein condensed.
In order to carry off the heat given up by the said exhaust steam when con-
densing, a current of air under pressure from perforated pipes passes continually
upwards through the condensing water in the cistern. On escaping at the top this
air is charged with vapour and the latent heat thus withdrawn from the condenser
keeps the body of condensing water at a low temperature.
The condensing water lost in the form of vapour is constantly replaced by fresh,
which, entering near the top of the cistern is directed downwards in such a manner
as to cause in conjunction with the upward current of air a continual and perfect
circulation of the whole of the condensing water, increasing the efficiency of the
cooling surface by bringing the water into contact with every part in turn.
I, EDWARD STEPHENSON, of 1, Tower Terrace, Wood Green, Middlesex, Engineer,
to hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
[Price 8t.]

page_text: be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention relates to an evaporative surface condenser consisting of a vessel
open to the atmosphere at the top and kept partially filled with condensing water
wherein is a tubular system in which the exhaust steam is condensed.
The condenser consists of an open cistern in which a definite quantity of water
is continually maintained. The steam to be condensed enters a chamber provided
with tubes immersed in the water in the cistern. In order to carry off the heat
released by the condensation therein a current of air is injected into the water
which surrounds the tubular chamber. On escaping at the surface of the water,
this air is charged with vapour and the latent heat thus withdrawn keeps the
condensing water in the cistern at a low temperature. The water thus lost is
constantly replaced by fresh which entering near the top of the cistern is directed
downwards at the sides thereof in such a manner as to cause in conjunction with
the cooling effect of the current of air a continual circulation of the whole body
of water increasing the efficiency of the cooling surface by bringing it into con-
tact with every part in turn.
To particularly describe my invention, and as shown in the annexed drawings,
Figure 1 longitudinal and Figure 2 transverse sections, A is a vessel or cistern
open at the top in which the condensing water is maintained at the level B. The
steam to be condensed enters the chamber C at one end of the cistern A, and after
passing through the top group of tubes D returns through the bottom group E to
the chamber F whence the remaining vapour and condensed steam are drawn off
by the air pump in the usual way.
Air supplied by a suitable pump or fan is brought through the air main H and
discharged into the condensing water preferably near its surface through the
horizontal pipes G, G, having perforations in their top sides.
Fresh condensing water is supplied through the pipes K, K, near the top of
cistern which pipes are perforated in their bottom sides. The circulation of the
cooler water downwards at the sides of cistern is further secured by two circulator
plates J, J, placed in the manner shown so that they shall separate the downward
current from the warmer water moving upwards amongst the tubes.
This invention therefore consists of an evaporative surface condenser suitable for
attachment to steam engines of all kinds, and to vacuum evaporating and con-
centrating apparatus for use in cases where economy in condensing water is a
desideratum.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is: -
In an evaporative surface condenser, a vessel open to the atmosphere at the top
and kept partially filled with condensing water wherein is a chamber with tubes,
in which chamber the steam is condensed, in conjunction therewith a series of
perforated pipes in water through which, air is passed, which air mingles with the
condensing water and as it escapes carries off the heat of same, also a current of
cool water directed downwards at each side of cistern and separated from the warmer
water by means of circulator plates, all substantially in the manner and for the
purpose herein before described.