IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HATCHING EGGS."
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Colonel Stuart Wortley, of Grove End Road, Saint
John's Wood, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HATCHING EGGS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Stuart Wortley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th March 1867.
I, Colonel STUART WORTLEY, of Grove End Road, Saint John's Wood, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HATCHING EGGS," to be as
follows:-
It is well known that considerable difficulty exists in maintaining artificial
incubators at an equable and uniform temperature throughout the entire
process of incubation by the means at present employed for applying heat
thereto; and the object of my improvements is so to apply the heat that the
iuterior of the egg-hatching apparatus or chamber containing the eggs to be
hatched shall be maintained at the proper temperature with absolute certainty
throughout the process. For this purpose a boiler is employed, from which
the water or steam is caused to circulate through pipes suitably arranged in
and the
the hatching chamber of the apparatus, as is well understood;

page_text: important feature of my improvements consists in always maintaining the
water in the boiler at 212° Fahrenheit, i.e., boiling point, and in so proportioning
the length and diameter of the piping through which the hot water or steam
circulates as will keep the interior of the box or chamber containing the eggs
(whatever its dimensions may be) at the proper temperature required. Having
once ascertained the quantity of piping necessary to beat the interior of a box
or chamber of given dimensions to the requisite temperature by the circulation
of hot water kept at boiling point, then it is only necessary to maintain the
water in the boiler at boiling point in order to insure an equable and uniform
temperature in the apparatus throughout the period of incubation.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Stuart Wortley in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
4th September 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, Colonel
STUART WORTLEY, of Grove End Road, Saint John's Wood, in. the County of
Middlesex, send greeting..
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Stuart Wortley, Her special licence that I, the said Stuart Wortley, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Stuart
Wortley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN-
APPARATUS FOR HATCHING EGGS," upon the condition. (amongst others) that I,
the said Stuart Wortley, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Stuart Wortley, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-

page_text: formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:
It is well known that considerable difficulty exists in maintaining artificial
incubators at an equable and uniform temperature, throughout the entire
process of incubation. by the means at present employed for applying heat
thereto, and the object of my improvements is so to apply the heat that the
interior of the egg-hatching apparatus or chamber containing the eggs to be
hatched shall be maintained at the proper temperature with absolute certainty
throughout the process. For this purpose a boiler is employed, from which the
water or steam is caused to circulate through pipes suitably arranged in the
hatching chamber of the apparatus, as is well understood; and the important
feature of my improvements consists in always maintaining the water in the
boiler at 212° Fahrenheit, i.e., boiling point, and in so proportioning the
length and diameter of the piping through which the hot water or steam
circulates as will keep the interior of the box or chamber containing the eggs
(whatever its dimensions may be) at the proper temperature required. Having
once ascertained the quantity of piping necessary' to heat the interior of a box
or chamber of given dimensions to the requisite temperature by the circulation
of hot water kept at boiling point, then it is only necessary to maintain the
water in the boiler at boiling point in order to insure an equable and uniform
temperature in the apparatus throughout the period of incubation.
In carrying out my Invention I so arrange the pipes which conduct the
heat (by the circulation of hot water or steam) from the boiler to the interior
of the hatching chamber that they may be readily introduced further into or
withdrawn from the interior, so as to expose more or less heating surface
within the chamber. By this means of adjustment the temperature of the
interior of the hatching chamber may be readily raised or lowered when
desired, and thus maintain at the temperature required by introducing more
or less of the heating surface of the pipes into the chamber. The pipes pass
from the boiler through suitable close fitting openings or stuffing boxes in the
ends or sides of the hatching chamber, their inner ends where they are con-
nected together resting and sliding upon suitable supports within the chamber,
which I prefer to mount upon wheels or castors, so that it can be readily
moved away from or towards the boiler from time to time as may be required
to regulate the temperature.
I would remark that I have not considered it necessary to show any par-
ticular form or arrangement of artificial incubator, as my improved mode of
adjusting and maintaining the hatching chamber at one uniform temperature
is applicable to artificial incubators of various descriptions and arrangements.

page_text: Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
carrying the same into practice, what I claim is, the so arranging egg-hatching
apparatus that the amount of heating surface of the pipes (heated by boiling
water or steam) exposed within the interior of the hatching chamber may be
adjusted and regulated so as to maintain the interior of the chamber at the
required temperature, as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Stuart Wortley, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this 2d day of Sept., in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
STUART WORTLEY. (L.S.)
L.-Col.