IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC COP TUBES OR CAPS USED IN SPINNING
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Charles Stiff, of Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Merchant and Manufacturer, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC COP TUBES OR CAPS
USED IN SPINNING."
Scaled the 3rd January 1873, and dated the 8th November 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Charles Stiff
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 8th November 1872.
I, WILLIAM CHARLES STIFF, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Merchant and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC COP
TUBES OR CAPS USED IN SPINNING," to be as follows:-
0
My Invention consists in manufacturing the said cop tubes or caps
from solid rods or bars of steel, or of wrought iron or homogeneous iron
by the process or combination of processes herein-after described.
I will describe my Invention as applied to the manufacture of cop
tubes or caps of steel. I take a cylindrical rod or bar of steel of some-
what larger diameter than the cop tubes to be made, and cut it into
lengths suitable for the manufacture of cop tubes therefrom. By means

page_text: of a drilling or boring process, I convert the solid length or piece of
steel into a hollow cylinder or tube closed at one end; I next drill in
the axis of the said closed end or head a hole to receive the ordinary
spindle. The metal of the tubular part of the cop tube is left very thin
by the drilling or boring process in order to reduce the weight of the
said cop tube. The exterior of the partially made cop tube is next
made smooth, and a hemispherical figure given to its head, and the
summit of the said head flattened. The fashioning of the exterior of the
cop tube is effected in a lathe by the process of turning. A cop tube or
cap is thus made in one piece from a solid bar or rod of steel, the said
cop tube being very strong and light.
When wrought iron or homogeneous iron is employed instead of steel,
I proceed as already described excepting that after the solid cop tube or
cap has been fashioned, the surface of it is case hardened, or made into
steel by any of the well-known case hardening processes.
That part of the head of the solid cop tube or cap through which the
spindle passes may be made of a ring or lining of brass or other metal
or alloy, screwed or otherwise fixed in a hole drilled in the said head.
By making that part of the head of the cop tube through which the
spindle passes of a dissimilar metal from that of which the body of the
cop tube is made the risk of the adhesion of the spindle to the head of
the
cop tube is prevented or diminished.
The drilling or boring and turning processes and machinery which I
employ in manufacturing solid metallic cop tubes or caps according to
my Invention are of the ordinary kind.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Charles Stiff in the Great Seal Patent
⚫ Office on the 7th May 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
CHARLES STIFF, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Merchant a
and Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-

page_text: sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said William Charles Stiff, Her special licence
that I, the said William Charles Stiff, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Charles Stiff, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thercafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC COP TUBES OR CAPS USED IN SPINNING," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Charles Stiff,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Charles Stiff, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention consists in manufacturing the said cop tubes or caps
from solid rods or bars of steel, or of wrought iron or homogeneous iron
by the process or combination of processes herein-after described.
I will describe my Invention as applied to the manufacture of cop
tubes or caps of steel:-I take a cylinder rod or bar of steel of somewhat
larger diameter than the cop tubes to be made, and cut it into the
required lengths suitable for the manufacture of cop tubes therefrom.
By means of a drilling or boring process I convert the solid length or
piece of steel into a hollow cylinder or tube closed at one end, the metal
of the tubular part of the cop tube being left very thin by the said
drilling or boring process, in order to reduce the weight of the said cop
tube. I next drill in the axis of the said closed end or head a hole to
receive the ordinary spindle. The exterior of the partially made cop
tube is next made smooth, and a hemispherical or other required figure
given to its head, and the summit of the said head flattened. The
fashioning and finishing of the exterior of the cop tube is effected in a

page_text: lathe by the processes of turning and polishing. A cop tube or cap is
thus made in one piece from a solid bar or rod of steel, the said cop tube
being very strong, light, and durable.
When wrought iron or homogeneous iron is employed instead of steel,
I proceed as already described, excepting that after the solid cop tube or
cap has been fashioned, the surface of it is case hardened, or made into
steel by way of the well-known case hardening processes.
That part of the head of the solid cop tube or cap through which the
spindle passes may be made of a ring or lining of brass or other metal or
alloy screwed or otherwise fixed in a hole drilled in the said head. By
1
making that part of the head of the cop tube through which the spindle
passes of a dissimilar metal from that of which the body of the cop tube
is made the risk of the adhesion of the spindle to the head of the cop
tube is prevented or diminished.
The drilling or boring, turning, and finishing processes and machinery
which I employ in manufacturing solid metallic cop tubes or caps,
according to my Invention, arc of the ordinary kind.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawing represents in longitudinal and
cross section a cylindrical bar or rod of steel, wrought iron, or homo-
geneous iron of a size proper to form a metallic cop tube or cap, 1
according to my.Invention.
Figure 2 represents the same in longitudinal and cross section after it
has been drilled or bored into a partially formed cop tube or cap having
the form of a hollow cylinder closed at one end. The hole to receive
the spindle is by preference next drilled in the axis of the closed end or
head a for the reception of the spindle, or instead of next drilling the
head a, the partially made cop tube or cap, Figure 2, may be operated
upon by turning in a lathe so as to bring it into the condition represented
in longitudinal section and end and side elevations in Figure 3, that is
to say, it is turned externally so as to reduce the thickness of the metal
of the tubular part, and also to round and flatten the end a, as
represented. By a subsequent turning or boring process the solid head a
is rounded internally, and the conical or taper hole for the passage of
the spindle is drilled through the solid head.
Figure 4 represents in longitudinal section and end elevation a finished
cop tube or cap made according to my Invention, where the internal

page_text: rounded head of the cop tube is marked b, and the conical or taper hole
in the said head is marked c. The cop tube or cap thus formed is
finished internally and externally by the process of buffing or polishing,
whereby a smooth and bright surface is imparted to the said cop tube or
cap. The hole c in the head of the tube may have a lining of brass or
other metal for the spindle to work upon, which lining may either be
fixed in the hole c by screwing or in any other convenient manner. Cop
tubes or caps made of steel, according to my Invention, may be
hardened in the ordinary way. When the said cop tubes or caps are
made of wrought iron or homogeneous metal, they may be case hardened.
As the said hardening and case hardening processes are well known and
commonly practised, and constitute no part of my Invention, I do not
think it necessary to describe the same.
Neither do I think necessary
to describe or represent the machinery or apparatus by which the drilling
or boring, turning, and polishing or finishing processes herein referred to
are conducted, as the said machinery and processes differ in no essential
respect from machinery and processes employed for other analogous
purposes.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that
I claim as my Invention the Improvements in the manufacture of
metallic cop tubes or caps used in spinning, herein-before described
and illustrated in the accompanying Drawing, that is to say, manu-
facturing the said cop tubes or caps from solid rods or bars of steel, or of
wrought iron or homogeneous iron, by the process or combination of
processes, substantially as described and illustrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Charles Stiff, have here-
unto set my hand and and seal, this Third day of May, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight bundred and seventy-
Witness,
WILLIAM LOACH.
WILLIAM CHARLES STIFF. (L.S.)