matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN OPEN FIRE GRATES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Arena Martin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th October 1881.
WILLIAM ARENA MARTIN, of 9, Pocock Street, Blackfrairs Road, Southwark, in
the County of Surrey, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN OPEN FIRE GRATES."
This Invention has for its objects the consumption of smoke, the better develope-
ment of combustion, and effecting economy in open fire grates.
To effect these objects I provide a pair of plungers, one on each side of the grate,
the said plungers forming the sides of that part of the grate which contains the
fuel. Each of the said plungers has a rack connected with a teethed sector or other
suitable contrivance having a handle in front of the grate, by working which the
said plungers can be projected toward the centre of the grate, and by reversing the
process they can be brought to their original position.
The advantages to be derived from this system are:-
1st. The width of the fire can be contracted or extended at will.
2nd. By projecting one of the said plungers against the incandescent fuel in the
fire and then withdrawing it to its original position, a cavity is made at the side
of the fire into which the fresh fuel can be thrown. By this system of firing the
fresh fuel becomes incandescent without emitting smoke, and the top part of the
fire is allowed to remain clear. Either or both sides of the fire can be stoked afresh
in this manner, but it is usually most advantageous to stoke alternately one side at
a time.
I propose to enclose the top part of the grate a short distance above the fire, so
as to cause the products of combustion to pass to the flue through an aperture at
the back provided for that purpose. By this means the gases are brought to a
focus, and any vapour that may have escaped from the body of the fuel is ignited
before entering the flue.
I propose in some cases to fix a slider or curtain in front of my said grate for the
purpose of concentrating the admission of air and increasing the rapidity of com-
bustion when necessary.
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPLIANCES FOR FACILITATING TURNING OVER SHEETS OR LEAVES OF MUSIC, BOOKS, AND SUCH LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred George Morgan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th March 1881.
ALFRED GEORGE MORGAN, of Chetwind Road, in the County of Middlesex,
Artist. "IMPROVED MEANS OR APPLIANCES FOR FACILITATING TURNING OVER
SHEETS OR LEAVES OF MUSIC, BOOKS, AND SUCH LIKE ARTICLES."
My Invention consists mainly as follows:-In the case of a piano, I fix or attach
where the usual frame for holding the music is situate a frame, to which is
attached by any suitable means arms or levers fixed at one end to a rod or arm at
the centre of the frame by spring, spiral, or otherwise, so that as each arm is
released the same turns, carrying with it the music. When applied for turning the
leaves of music, each leaf is inserted in a groove or channel formed at the other end.
of the lever, and as each leaf is required to be turned, the stop-action hereafter
described is actuated, releasing one of the levers or arms, and by means of the
spring same turns over, carrying with it the leaf of music. The stop and releasing
action is preferably formed with two projecting pieces at each end of an arm, free
to turn, which is provided with and acted on by a spring. A rod or handle for
operating said action is also applied to said arm. These said projections are
preferably not of the same length, one being longer, and the shorter one being
preferably slightly bevelled so that when the rod is released the bevelled projection
engages or comes against the next arm or lever, and thus one arm or lever is
released at a time. .
The action may it is evident be actuated by treadle or other means, and thus
allow of the leaves being turned by the foot. The arrangements can be applied to
existing pianos, or made as part of the piano or instrument.
Further, my
Invention can be used for other than pianos, organs, etc., such as reading tables,
stands, and other purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN KNITTING MACHINES, AND APPARATUS APPLICABLE THERETO
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hill Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st January 1881.
JAMES HILL SMITH, of the Town and County of the Town of Nottingham.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN KNITTING MACHINES, AND APPARATUS APPLICABLE THERETO."
"
Each machine consists of two end standards, and one or more intermediate
standards when the length of the machine requires them; bearings are secured to
these standards to carry the apparatus applied to the machine, and for one or more
cam shafts carrying the cams necessary to give the required movements to the
several parts.
The frame portion of the machine consists of a movable needle bar connected to
rocking levers operated by cams, a rising and falling presser bar or bars, and
traversing thread carriers to each division, and sinkers depressed by slur cocks to
divide the loops, the traverse of the carriers and slur cocks being effected in the
well known manner. Each sinker is provided with a spring to raise it after the
passage of the slur cock. The upper and lower ends of each sinker are of sufficient
thickness to meet the next adjacent sinker on each side, both ends being carried
in a box of suitable shape to each division. By means of a frame constructed as
above described I am enabled to produce looped or knitted fabrics with less motion
than heretofore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR ADJUSTING RAILWAY CARRIAGE AND OTHER DOORS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
by Stanhope Albany Say at the Office
16th December 1881.
of the Commissioners of Patents o.
STANHOPE ALBANY SAY, of Regent Street, Waterloo Place, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR ADJUSTING RAILWAY CARRIAGE AND
OTHER DOORS."
The Invention has for its object improvements in means for adjusting railway
carriage and other doors.
For this purpose I form the door post in two parts one of which is a fixture
whilst the other is moveable to and fro thereon, this latter, that is to say the
moveable door post is guided at its ends and if desired intermediate thereof so as
to guide it firmly and yet permit it to be moved in the required direction without
danger of twisting or working loose, and I prefer for this purpose to employ
metallic tenons and mortices or other fittings. The door is binged to the moveable
door post and motion is given to the latter when required by any suitable means, I
prefer however to employ screws passing freely through holes in the moveable door
post and fixed in such manner as to prevent any longitudinal motion of the screws
therein but permitting the same to be rotated when desired in nuts formed or
fixed in the fixed door post, and thereby cause the moveable door post to approach
or recede from the fixed door post either equally from top to bottom thereof or
more at one part than another according to the adjustment required to cause the
door to shut correctly against the shutting post.
Covering strips, plates or mouldings are employed to cover or enclose the space
between the fixed and moveable door posts.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BURNERS AND CHIMNEYS FOR PETROLEUM AND OTHER OIL LAMPS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gustav Otto Lauckner at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th June 1881. A communication
from abroad by Newman Samuel Wax, of Bremen, in the Empire of
Germany.
GUSTAV OTTO LAUCKNER, of No. 79, Watling Street, in the City of London.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BURNERS AND CHIMNEYS FOR PETROLEUM AND OTHER OIL
LAMPS." [A communication from abroad by Newman Samuel Wax, of Bremen, in
the Empire of Germany.]
The object of this Invention is to enable the burner of petroleum and other oil
lamps to be lighted without the removal of the chimney or chimney and globe.
The improvements consist, firstly, in cutting away a portion of the chimney
holder, or so forming the said chimney holder at a part close to the lighting point
so as to leave a hole which is fitted with a slide or cover plate, and so arranged
that by means of the said slide or cover plate the hole can be opened and closed
at will.
The slide or cover plate may be so fitted as to have a direct vertical sliding
action, or it may be hinged and closed with spring action at either of the sides or
ends, or it may be secured or attached in any manner that will answer the desired
end of opening and closing the bole.
These improvements consist, secondly, in the construction or formation of the
chimney of the lamp, which is also cut away or formed with a holo or slot corre.
sponding with the hole in the chimney holder, so that when the slide or cover
plate is opened a passage is left clear to the wick, which can then be reached for
the purpose of ignition. The action of extinguishing the lamp is effected by
opening the slide or cover plate, and blowing through the holes in chimney holder
and chimney.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR SCARF-FRONTS, NECK-TIES, AND SUCH LIKE ARTICLES OF DRESS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Thomas Williams at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th January 1881.
ROBERT THOMAS WILLIAMS, of No. 8, Jewin Crescent, in the City of London,
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR SCARF-FRONTS, NECK-TIES,
AND SUCH LIKE ARTICLES OF DRESS."
The object of the Invention is to facilitate the ready application, change, or.
removal of scarf-fronts, neck-ties, and such like articles of dress.
For this purpose I apply as a means of retaining the parts of the collar, a stud
resembling to some extent those in ordinary use for the purpose, with a disc, a stem,
and an enlarged head; but I perforate this enlarged head and the stem, which
perforation is also undercut to receive the expanding parts of another stem from
another enlarged head. The projections from this other stem are acted upon by
spring or springs, and parts operate by pressure to overcome the spring or springs,
and remove the projections from their holding in the hollow stem. This other
enlarged head is affixed to the underside of the scarf-front or other article of dress
to be applied, and by this means any number of articles may in succession be worn
and held securely in position by the same shirt stud at pleasure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF DRIVING PERCUSSIVE ROCK DRILLS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Rowland Jordan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd November 1881.
"
THOMAS ROWLAND JORDAN, of Adelaide Chambers, Gracechurch Street, in the
City of London, Engineer. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF DRIVING
PERCUSSIVE ROCK DRILLS."
My Invention relates to apparatus for boring and drilling rock and other hard
substances, and has reference to the mode of driving or operating the same for
the purpose of effecting greater economy and convenience in boring underground
or elsewhere.
My improvement consists essentially in the combination of an bydraulic motor
with any percussive rock boring or drilling machine in which air or springs are
alternately compressed and allowed to expand to give the blow.
As a convenient illustration of the class of rock boring machines which I employ
in my present combination, I refer to the rock boring machines described in the
Specification of Letters Patent granted to
dated September 18th
1877, and numbered 3510.
In this machine the percussive action is obtained by the rotation of a shaft by
hand or otherwise, which, by the intermediate action of cams, alternately compresses
and allows to expand a volume of air, by which the percussive action is obtained.
Other percussive machines of similar character rely for their operation upon the
substitution of a spring or springs in the place of air.
With such machines, I combine any suitable hydraulic motor, operating directly
upon the principal motion shaft, in order to produce rotary motion thereof.
The hydraulic motor which I apply in my combination to the rock boring and
drilling machines as before described, may be conveniently in the form of a three
cylinder engine, or other water motor to produce rotary motion in a shaft.
In underground operations, the water pressure from the rising main of the mine
pumps may be utilized to operate the water motor. The water may be conveyed
through iron or flexible pipes, as may be convenient. In surface operations,
failing a natural head of water, water pressure may be produced by an ordinary
accumulator.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AUTOMATIC GAS REGULATING BURNERS, IN PART APPLICABLE TO THE REGULATION OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William John Brewer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th April 1881.
WILLIAM JOHN BREWER, of Bombay, in the Empire of India, Civil Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AUTOMATIC GAS REGULATING BURNERS, IN PART APPLICABLE
TO THE REGULATION OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL."
My Invention relates to an improved form of burner of illuminating gas, and to
the regulation of the flow of the gas to the same, and its automatic maintenance at
a more or less constant pressure; the automatic regulator being applicable to the
regulation of the flow of fluids in general.
My improved burner is constructed with its orifice in the form of two slits at
right angles one to the other, thus showing a broad sheet of flame in every direction,
and by the junction of the two flames increasing the combustion of the carbon in
the gas, and hence the brilliancy of the flame.
In order that the flame thus produced may be constant and steady, and that the
burner may be rendered economical as well as brilliant, I insert in the supply pipe
at a suitable distance below the burner an automatic regulator.
My regulator consists of a piston valve allowed to rise and fall in a slightly coned
chamber, the greatest diameter of which is the base. The diameter of the valve is
somewhat less than that of the chamber at its summit.
The valve is prevented from completely closing the supply pipe at either the
upper or lower end of the coned chamber by suitable studs fixed on the valve or
the chamber ends. The travel of the valve is made true by a rod, with guide wings
which slide in the pipe above and below, or passing through fixed guides in the
pipe above and below.
At the normal pressure and momentum of the gas supply the valve remains at
the lower end of the chamber, and the gas is free to pass through the space left
between the valve and the side of the chamber. When the pressure becomes
excessive the momentum of the gas overcomes the weight of the valve and raises
it in the chamber, which by reason of its conicity, diminishes the space between the
valve and its side.
The chamber and valve must be in such upright position as to enable the specific
gravity of the valve to have its due effect, and the weight of the valve determines
the momentum above which the reduction in the orifice is to take place.
It is obvious that the regulating device of my improved burner may be applied
in other circumstances where regulation in the flow of fluids is desired.
IMPROVED REVERSING GEAR FOR ENGINES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Calder Christian and George
Coates at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd April 1881.
ROBERT CALDER CHRISTIAN and GEORGE COATES, both of Dublin, in the County
of Dublin, Ireland. "IMPROVED REVERSING GEAR FOR ENGINES."
The object of our said Invention is the construction and arrangement of improved
reversing gear for engines in a simple, effectual, and economical manner, which
object we accomplish by working same with one (1) instead of two (2) eccentrics.
For this purpose we cause the quadrant which carries the valve rod to oscillate
on a pivot held at any given point in suitably curved slots, and capable of moving
freely in same as may be required.
When it is desired to reverse the engine the said quadrant is altered in its
position by sliding same on its pivot to an independent position in relation to the
said curved slots. These slots are provided in fixed plates suitably arranged for
the reception of the pivots as above described.
The quadrant is operated by suitably adjusted levers.
AN IMPROVED CISTERN VALVE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel John Newman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st January 1881.
SAMUEL JOHN NEWMAN, of the Firm of Newman & Brice, of Dye House
Works, Inchbrook, near Stroud, in the County of Gloucester, Brass Founders
and Mechanical Engineers. AN IMPROVED CISTERN VALVE."
66
This Invention relates to an improved construction of cistern valve, the object
of the improvements being to so construct the valve that it shall also serve the
purpose of an overflow pipe, and require no separate 'air pipe.
In carrying out my Invention I employ a tubular valve, the lower end of which
is packed as usual and fits on the ordinary seating; from the upper end of the
valve passes a tube or hollow rod which extends to the required height according
to the water level of the cistern; the upper end of the tube or bollow rod is left
open and is connected in any suitable manner with the ordinary lever by which
the valve is operated.
The bridge forming the guide for the valve is made so that it will screw on the
seat of the valve so as to allow of it being easily removed when required for
repair.
By the hereinbefore described construction of valve it will be easily understood
that the said tube or hollow rod opening into the tubular valve will serve as an
overflow or waste pipe, and also as an air pipe to the valve.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN ARCHIMEDIAN VENTILATORS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Whitehead at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th January 1881.
GEORGE WHITEHEAD, of Heywood, in the County of Lancaster, Ventilator
Manufacturer. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN ARCHIMEDIAN VENTILATORS."
My Invention relates to the archimedian ventilators having revolving tops and
screws or fans to promote upward currents of air, smoke, or gases, as is well
understood. Under some conditions these ventilators are liable to permit a
reversal of the currents, that is to say, the said ventilators do not at all times
prevent down draughts. The object of my Invention is to remedy this defect, and
to this end I form outlet passages between the screw and the revolving top. In
the construction which I prefer the ordinary casing does not extend to the
revolving top, so that openings for the escape of air is left, and these openings I
shield by means of conically shaped deflectors which are arranged with their
widest ends downwards, or I may use only one such deflector. In the event of a
rush of wind into the revolving top, the downward rush of air is checked by the
screw, and is deflected outwards and downwards through the openings or outlet
passages formed as hereinbefore indicated.
IMPROVED LUBRICATING COMPOUND
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Friedrich Hermann Felix
Engel at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th February
1881. A communication from Messrs. Lehmkuhl & Wechsler, of Hamburg,
in the German Empire.
"AN
FRIEDRICH HERMANN FELIX ENGEL, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, in the
City of Hamburg, Germany.
IMPROVED LUBRICATING COMPOUND."
A communication from Messrs. Lehmkuhl & Wechsler, of Hamburg, in the
German Empire.
This Invention relates to the production of a new or improved lubricating
compound from the ingredients, and in about the proportions following:-
Ninety parts by weight of fat, such as is known as "suet," by users of lubricants
are mixed with about eight parts by weight of water, to these are added one and a
half parts by weight of potash, and one fifth part by weight of mirban oil. The
whole are in a warm state, by the use of a jacketed copper, brought into intimate
admixture, and when cooled will be ready for sale as a liquid lubricant, the parts
whereof will not separate out from each other.
The compound will be useful as lubricant for general machinery, but particularly
for employment for shafting, in which case it will be used in cups attached by
projecting tubes to the coverings of the bearings, a rod or pin being employed to
facilitate the descent of the lubricant as soon as the rod or pin is put in vibration
by the motion of the going part, substantially as ordinarily.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BRUSHES FOR DOMESTIC AND MEDICAL PURPOSES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Auguste Bottin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th September 1881.
AUGUSTE BOTTIN, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Dentist.
"IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BRUSHES FOR DOMESTIC AND MEDICAL
PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to the construction of a brush suitable for domestic and
medical purposes, the back of which is made hollow so as to serve as a reservoir
or receiver for any desired liquid, and a number of hollow teeth perforated at the
ends or points are substituted for the hairs in ordinary brushes, so that when the
brush is in use the liquid, by passing into the hollow teeth and out through the
perforations therein, can be distributed as desired. The said teeth are made of
caoutchouc, or other suitable material, and the back and handle of the brush can
be formed of caoutchouc, wood, porcelain, glass, or other suitable substances.
I will now proceed to refer to the accompanying Drawings, from which the
nature of my said Invention will be more clearly understood. Figure 1 is a side
clevation of a tooth brush constructed in accordance with my Invention, and
Figure 2 is a section of the same, in which one side of the hollow back is shown
perforated, such perforations leading into the hollow teeth. Figures 3 and 5 are
respectively a top view and horizontal section (of the hollow back) of the said
brush. Figure 4 is an elevation, partly in section, of a hair brush or friction
brush; the teeth in this case are shown in direct communication with the interior
of the hollow back. This form of brush can be employed with great success for
medical purposes.
The same letters of reference indicate like parts in all the Figures. A is the
hollow back or body of the brush. B the reservoir or receiver for the liquid ;
C are the teeth; Da small stopper or screw for closing the opening d which is
provided for the introduction of the liquid into the reservoir B; E is a dove-tailed
projection on the end of the handle for facilitating the attachment of the same to
the back A; b, b, b, are the channels through the teeth for the passage of the
liquid.
From the above description it will be readily understood that my Invention is
applicable to many kinds of brushes, as, for instance, to tooth brushes, hair
brushes, nail brushes, and friction brushes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHIC CHANGING BOX
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Sands at the Office of tho
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th October 1881.
CHARLES SANDS, of 20, Cranbourn Street, Leicester Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Optician. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHIC CHANGING BOX."
The improved changing box for plates for photographic purposes is constructed
for carrying 12 or more or less plates. The improvements consist in the
arrangement of the opening and closing of the box and dark slide or back, and
also the mode of constructing the carriers and fixing the plates in same, by which
means one or more plates can be inserted or taken out at the same time. The
carriers can also be adapted for any size plate which can be used in the same
box.
The construction of the openings of both changing box and dark slide consists of
either a strip of cloth, leather, wood, spring, steel band, or any other material, which
is drawn or pushed in rabbets or grooves for the purpose of guiding the same,
working either horizontally, perpendicularly, or any other way across the changing
box. Both the changing box and dark slide open or unlock automatically at the
same time by means of a pin, which may be made of metal or other material, fixed
both in the changing box and dark slide. The changing box and dark slide when
placed together in position work as follows:-The pin in the changing box is
inserted in a hole in the dark slide, and the pin in the dark slide is inserted in a
hole in the changing box, and when thus fixed together a spring or fastening is
released in both, thereby giving the means for opening the box by pushing the
dark slide over the changing box and thus removing the piece of cloth, wood,
spring, steel band, or any other material in the box and slide, and releasing in the
former the plate which can then be received or deposited into the dark slide. The
said strips of cloth, wood, spring, steel band, or other material are made to pass up
and down rabbets or grooves both down the sides of the changing box and durk
slide, or back for carrying the plates. The changing box is made with two openings,
one for withdrawing, the other for returning the plates, each opening having tho
said strip of cloth or other material, and opening and closing at the same time by
means of a spring or other fastening. The box is also adapted for changing the
plates either with or without the carriers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH ELEVATORS FOR FLOUR MILLS AND GRAIN STORES, AND APPLICABLE OTHERWISE."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Duncan Gauldie and Thomas
Alexander Marshall at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
24th January 1881.
JOHN DUNCAN GAULDIE and THOMAS ALEXANDER MARSHALL, of Kinning
Park, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain, Engineers and Millwrights.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH ELEVATORS FOR FLOUR MILLS AND
GRAIN STORES, AND APPLICABLE OTHERWISE."
86
This Invention relates to elevators such as are used in flour mills and grain
stores, and which, consisting in each case of an endless belt fitted with buckets
and carried and worked by suitable apparatus, serve for raising flour or grain
from any floor to a higher one. One object of the present Invention is to render
the apparatus less liable than hitherto to facilitate the spreading of fire, and the
improved apparatus has other advantages.
In carrying out the Invention, the wheel, round which the endless series of
buckets passes at the top of the elevator, is entirely enclosed in a metal casing,
with the exception of a small discharge outlet for the flour or grain or other
materials that are being elevated, and a similar casing is fitted at the bottom to
enclose the lower wheel, and is provided with a small inlet for the flour or grain
or other materials. These upper and lower casings may be entirely of castiron, or
partly of castiron and partly of sheet iron. Between the upper and lower casings
two pipes or ducts extend for the passage of the ascending and descending buckets,
and these pipes are by preference cylindrical, and made of sheet iron strengthened
by angle-iron rings; they may however be made square or of any other suitable
form, and of castiron or other suitable metal. The improved elevating apparatus
is by preference placed with the pipes vertical, but when necessary the pipes may
be inclined, and in that case a guide is fitted inside of the ascending pipe for the
ascending buckets to slide upon. The casings and pipes are provided with flanges
for conveniently fixing the apparatus in a mill or other building, but the apparatus
is otherwise made quite complete in itself, so that it can be readily erected in the
situation it is to occupy.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF CERTAIN ROOTS AND FRUITS TO PRODUCE A SUBSTITUTE FOR COFFEE, AND IN MACHINERY AND APPLIANCES THEREFOR."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Stone at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd February 1881.
ROBERT STONE, of King William Street, in the City of London.
"IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF CERTAIN ROOTS AND FRUITS TO PRODUCE A
SUBSTITUTE FOR COFFEE, AND IN MACHINERY AND APPLIANCES THEREFOR."
In carrying out my Invention in the production of a substitute for coffee I take
roots such as beet, carrots, parsnips, swedes, mangold wurtzel, dandelion, rhubarb,
cabbages, potatoes, and turnips. These roots I break or tear up by V shafted rolls
running inverted into each other. Then in order to take out the juice I run them
through corrogated inverted or plain rolls. When the juice is removed from
the roots I dry or roast them in heated cylinders set in motion or otherwise.
Inside those heated cylinders I place a stationery shaft, with projecting arms set at
different angles in the shaft touching the inside skin of the cylinder in order to
disturb the entire of the substances to be operated upon, which prevents the
substances from burning. With the foregoing roots I use fruits, such as raisins,
figs, apples, pears, grapes, plums, oranges, chesnuts, cocoanuts, wallnuts, Brazilian
nuts, bananas, bark or trunk of trees, which are dried or roasted in the same
manner as above mentioned. When dried or roasted I mix them in proper
proportions with the dried or roasted roots, and grind all down into a powder
against a rotary drum running against a concave or cylinder, or I proportion the
mixture of the roots and fruits either partially or collectively.
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CUTTING THE LEAVES OF STITCHED Books
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lorentz Albert Groth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th December 1881. A communi-
cation from abroad by Robert Söderstrom of Upsala in the Kingdom of
Sweden.
LORENTZ ALBERT GROTH K.G.V. Civil Engineer and Proprietor of the
Scandinavian Patent Office, under the Firm of L. A. Groth & Co. 97 Finsbury
Pavement London E.C. "A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CUTTING THE
LEAVES OF STITCHED Books." A communication from abroad by Robert
Söderstrom of Upsala in the Kingdom of Sweden.
This apparatus is constructed as follows.
Two posts or standards are connected together by a guide and base plate. On
the guide is mounted a moveable slide to which is fixed a cutting instrument
consisting of a round sharp edged knife or plate.
A cross bar is adapted to slide up and down in the posts or standards, and to be
pressed downwards by the action of pressure screws in the said posts or standards.
In using the apparatus the stitched book to be cut is placed on a board between
the base plate and the cross bar, and is fastened down firmly by means of the
pressure screws.
The slide with its knife is then moved to and fro on the guide by hand until the
edges of the book are removed leaving each leaf free.
On the guide is placed an adjustable stop which may be fixed in any required
position thereon according to the length or breadth of the book to be cut, so that
the stroke of the knife may correspond thereto.
A spring is adapted to press the knife against the book.
By this apparatus the leaves of books may be cut in much less time than by
cutting each leaf separately.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CIGARETTES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Hipgrave at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th May 1881.
FRANK HIPGRAVE, of 127, Strand, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CIGARETTES."
•
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for the manufacture
of cigarettes.
The tobacco for the manufacture of cigarettes I place in a receiver or hopper
terminating at its lower end in a tube, the internal diameter of which corresponds
in size with the cigarette to be produced. This tube is the feeding tube, and there
are slots in it at the bottom. Small wheels are also provided; they are so placed
that their peripheries enter the slots in the feeding tube and come into contact
with the tobacco which the tube contains. These wheels being rotated in any
convenient manner carry the tobacco forward along the feeding tube until it reaches
the forming chamber. The forming chamber is a continuation of the feeding tube
which here takes a somewhat altered form. The forming chamber is slottéd
longitudinally on opposite sides to admit of an endless travelling band entering on
the one side and passing out on the other. This band, which may be of thin india
rubber, has movement given to it in any convenient way, is of a width about
equal to the length of a cigarette. The band lies at the bottom of the tube with
the tobacco to form a cigarette upon it. A knife enters the feeding tube through a
slit formed to admit it. By this knife the length of tobacco to form a cigarette
and which lies on the band is cut off. The paper to envelope the cigarette is then
presented to the band and is by it carried into the forming chamber and lapped
around the tobacco therein.
The knife, which also serves as a stop, is then removed from the slit in the
feeding tube and immediately more tobacco enters the forming chamber from the
feeding tube, pushing before it the cigarette already completed. When this cigarette
falls out from the end of the feeding chamber, the chamber is again charged with
the tobacco required to form another cigarette. Then by the insertion of the
knife this tobacco is separated from that in the forming chamber, another
paper is supplied, and so the work goes on. The machine may be driven by a foot
treddle or by power.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR CONSUMING SMOKE FROM DOMESTIC AND OTHER FIRES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Teer at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th January 1881.
JOHN TEER, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Builder. "AN IMPROVED
MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR CONSUMING SMOKE FROM DOMESTIC AND OTHER
FIRES."
This Invention has for its object the consumption in whole or in great part of
the smoke arising from the fires and cooking ranges in private houses.
I make the bottom of the fire grate of a series of bars of an I shape, so that
when placed together they will have apertures between them for the admission
and passage of a continuous current of air, which rushes through these apertures
to and through a perforated lump or lining of metal or fire clay at the back of the
grate, raised to about the height of the top of the fire, whence the air is withdrawn
in a rarified state through the said perforations, and there coming in contact with
the smoke converts it into flame.
In some cases I make the bars in front of the grate of a louvre shape, and hinge
or swivel them to the side thereof, so that when they are turned up presenting
their broader surfaces to the fire they will entirely enclose the front, and thereby
create a great draught.
In conjunction with this arrangement, and sometimes even without it, I employ
a moveable cover over the top of the fire place reaching down almost to the top of
the coals. When the fire has just been renewed, if this cover be dropped down on
to it and the front bars raised or closed, a perfect stove is formed, so that after the
lapse of a few moments, if the cover be removed and the front bars dropped, a good
red fire will be the result, while the smoke will have been consumed at the same
time.
I prefer to make my improved fire bars of rolled steel, but they may be cast if
desired, and of any other suitable metal, and instead of being single bars placed
side by side they may be made in one or more pieces to fit the size of the bottom
of the grate.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR GUIDING TRAMCARS AT POINTS."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Sterling at the Office of the
Cominissioners of Patents on the 25th June 1881.
WILLIAM STERLING, the younger, of Rusholme, in the County of Lancaster.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR GUIDING TRAMCARS AT
POINTS."
This Invention consists of an arrangement by which a tramcar may be caused
to deviate from or continue upon the main line of a tramway without the use of
what are known as." loose points," without the inconvenience and delay of the car
having to stop while the points are being moved, and without causing the great
injury to the horses that is the result of the cars having to be dragged in the
required direction where loose points are not provided.
"
"
In performing my Invention I connect to the tramcar a points wheel" or
"plough '
"that may be raised or lowered when required. A short length of
narrow rail is laid between or outside the ordinary lines of the tramway at the
points, and only of such length as to insure the small "points wheel" or "plough
which is attached to the car getting properly into the groove of the narrow rail
when it is lowered before it reaches the two open points, which are so laid as to
allow the car to either continue its course in a straight line when the "points
wheel" is raised, or to deviate from the main line either to the right or to the left,
as the circumstances may require, when the points wheel is lowered.
The points rail would be laid in the centre of track at its ends, but would
slightly deviate from the centre line intermediately, so that at the instant the car
reaches the points the direction of the car is decided.
The points wheel is so attached that when the car is required to deviate from
the main line the driver or guard places his foot upon or otherwise moves a lever,
which drops the points wheel or plough into the grove of the points rail in
such a way as to bring as much of the weight of the car as is thought necessary
upon it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHAVING OR FINISHING HARD AND SOFT FELT HATS AND MACHINERY OR APPARATUS THEREFOR."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Eaton at the Office of the
Cominissioners of Patents on the 11th June 1881.
JOHN EATON, of Stockport, in the County of Chester, Machinist and Fur Clearer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SHAVING OR FINISHING HARD AND SOFT FELT HATS AND
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS THEREFOR."
Hitherto the shaving or finishing of hard and soft felt hats has been effected by
hand, and this process besides requiring a great length of time and skilled labor to
carry it out, is the cause of much loss and annoyance from the fact that damages
frequently occur to the hats whilst being operated upon.
Now the object of my Invention is the construction of a machine by which this
operation may be effected at small cost and with a great saving of time, and
whereby damage to the hats being shaved or finished is avoided.
A suitable construction of apparatus for carrying out my Invention is as
follows:-
In a suitable position in a table is placed an ordinary block on which is fixed
the hat to be shaved or finished, the suid block being rotated by any suitable
known arrangement.
On the said table and around about half the circumference of the said block, I
arrange a number of adjustable reciprocating carriages constructed as hereinafter
described, and carrying rubbers for shaving or finishing the hat as it is revolved.
The said carriages are each constructed of a spring slide suitably fixed and
carrying at one end a bowl for pressing against the hat, and at the other end an
adjusting screw; on a support on the said slide I provide an adjustable rubber
carrier, the said rubbers being constructed of a box for receiving a spring rubber
pad for carrying the "shaving paper."
By this construction of apparatus, a hat being placed on the block, and the
machine being set in motion, the hat will be rotated, and the hereinbefore described
spring slides will press the rubbers against the surface of the hat so as to shave
and finish it, the rubber carriers being so adjusted as to operate on the whole
surface of the hat.
In some cases, that is to say, where the shape of the hat requires it, the rubber
carriers may have a rising and falling or a horizontal motion communicated to
them as the operation proceeds, such motion being obtained by means of a rack
and pinion or other suitable arrangement.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER PIPES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Legh Sylvester Powell and Charles
Vernon Boys at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th March
1881.
LEGH SYLVESTER POWELL, of No. 56, St. James Square, Notting Hill, in the
County of Middlesex, and CHARLES VERNON Boys, of Wing, Oakham, in the
County of Rutland. IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER PIPES."
Our Invention relates to a manufacture of pipes for water service in such a
manner as to provide against their bursting through the agency of frost. For this
purpose we apply in the manufacture of such pipes the well known principle that
a vessel subjected to an internal bursting pressure sustains strains in various parts
of its section which vary with the radii of curvature of these parts; for example,
a vessel of circular section, having throughout its circumference the same radius of
curvature, is everywhere subject to the same strain, and can only yield to that
strain where it is excessive by the rupture of the material; on the other hand, a
vessel of elliptical, oval, or other than truly circular section, will yield considerably
without rupture before arriving at the ultimate circular form; we therefore make
pipes for water service preferably of elliptical section, the ellipse having one of its
axes considerably greater than the other; such pipes when strained by the
expansion of water freezing within them will yield without bursting, and when
the strain is relieved will to a certain extent return to their original form, so that
they can thus sustain a number of successive bursting strains without rupture.
For manufacturing such pipes we squeeze the metal in the usual way through
dies or between rollers of the desired form, or we flatten or vary the section of
pipes made originally of circular section by passing them between rollers.
IMPROVEMENTS THE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Outram at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th December 1881.
“IMPROVEMENTS
EDMUND OUTRAM of Greetland in the County of York
IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR DRYING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE."
The object of my Invention is to construct a cheap and economical
for drying agricultural produce of various descriptions.
apparatus
I employ a portable or stationary engine or furnace for heating in which I place
a fan for exhausting propelling or directing the products of combustion and hot
air into a cavity formed by a travelling endloss metallic web or apron (carried on
a suitable frame) upon which the wet or moist material to be dried is placed and
with which the products of combustion or hot air comes in contact as it travels
onwards ready to be delivered to the rick in drying corn straw or long material
it can be delivered from the apron on to the platform of a binding machine; the
frame carrying the drying apparatus may be portable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AGRICULTURAL HARROWS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Walker at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th June 1881.
EDWARD WALKER, of Newark-upon-Trent, in the County of Nottingham,
Moulder. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AGRICULTURAL HARROWS."
The object of this Invention is to construct a light and strong harrow, which
shall also be more conveniently portable than the ordinary agricultural harrow, and
also be more suitable for land transit and for exportation.
I make the longitudinal bars in the harrow framing of channel or trough iron П,
with the open side downwards; these bars are united by transverse bars of flat
iron. In the said channels I pivot or loosely bolt the teeth of the harrows, which
latter are flanged at their upper ends so that when in use such flanges
prevent the said teeth from turning upwards, and thus keep them firmly in position
during work.
The longitudinal and transverso bars may be united to form the framing by the
ordinary bolt and cotter, by screw-bolt and nut, or other suitable and convenient
means, so that the bars forming the harrow framing can be separated from each
other with ease and facility. When each channel bar is thus separate, the harrow
teeth are turned up and lie within such channels, and the whole of the bars placed
together longitudinally can be packed in a very small compass for convenience of
stowage and conveyance. This will be found very advantageous for transit on
long journeys by land, and especially so for exportation.
The form in cross-section of these channel or trough bars renders them very
strong and also very light, two important advantages in agricultural harrows.
IN REAPING OR MOWING MACHINES."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Attenborough at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd August 1881.
RICHARD ATTENBOROUGH, of Reading, in the County of Berks.
IN REAPING OR MOWING MACHINES."
"IMPROVEMENTS
My Invention relates to a machine specially adapted for cutting. corn, but which
may also be used for cutting grass and other crops, and "rotary. motion" is
imparted by the rotation of the driving wheels to sickles, operating either
horizontally or diagonally.
In carrying out my Invention the machine is supported on one or more wheels,
connected by an axle or axles which carry the main frame. When the machine is
pushed by a man or drawn by horses the axles rotate and give motion to the
component parts of the machine for the purpose of actuating the sickle.
For this purpose I may key on the axles, or one of them, a level or mitre wheel,
which imparts motion to a level or mitre pinion, which also drives level or mitre
gearing attached on the opposite end of a horizontal spindle which gears to a
vertical shaft having the rotary sickles attached. The sickle may consist of any
suitable number of knives, and may be worked either horizontally or at an angle
that is found most convenient. In order to throw the corn into the right position
for tyeing an inclined plate may be provided for depressing the corn.
IMPROVED ADJUSTING ACTION FOR TOILET GLASSES, SWING SASHES, DOORS, AND OTHER SIMILAR USES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Mead and James Walter
Tiptaft at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th August
1881.
"AN
SAMUEL MEAD, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, School Furniture
Manufacturer, and JAMES WALTER TIPTAFT, of the same place, Ironmonger.
IMPROVED ADJUSTING ACTION FOR TOILET GLASSES, SWING SASHES, DOORS, AND
OTHER SIMILAR USES."
This Invention refers to mechanism to be attached to articles of the above named
description, for the purpose of adjusting and fixing them at any required angle with
the frame or standard. With this view we attach to the standard of a toilet glass
a bracket carrying a stud, upon the end of which is fixed a toothed disc, and upon
the frame of the glass we fix a plate of metal upon which is a spring bolt working
through guides, the beak of the bolt always engaging in one of the slots upon the
toothed disc; the frame plate is connected to the standard by its upper end passing
by means of a slot over the stud behind the toothed disc, this arrangement
permitting the glass to be removed from the standard. In swing sashes, fan lights,
doors, and other similar purposes, when there are no standards, the bracket and
stud are fixed to the sash frame or lining, and the bolt plate upon the sash or
casement, as the case may be.
MENTS IN FILTER PRESSES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
A communication
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th June 1881.
from abroad by Augusto Collette, fils, of Seclin, in the Republic of France.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
"IMPROVE-
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer.
MENTS IN FILTER PRESSES." A communication from abroad by Auguste Collette,
fils, of Seclin, in the Republic of France.
Filter presses as at present constructed consist of cast metal, or metal frames and
cloths held between them, said cloths being pressed by the edges of the metal
frames so as to form water-tight joints; and it is found necessary to plane these
metal frames by machinery, and so they are expensive. Now my Invention consists
in the construction of wooden battens or pieces placed in grooves in the metal-
frames, and those battens are planed instead of the metal-frame, and their planed
surfaces serve to press the cloths and make a water-tight joint. Or in lieu of wood
I may use vulcanite or other convenient material, and instead of making grooves
in the metal frames I may simply place my battens upon them.