matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
A NEW OR IMPROVED INSTRUMENT OR APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING THE CASES OF PIN CARTRIDGES FROM BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS, AND FOR RE-CAPPING, RE-CHARGING, AND CLOSING OR TURNING IN THE SAID CARTRIDGE CASES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Elliott at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd September
1862.
I, HENRY ELLIOTT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Gun-
maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
OR IMPROVED INSTRUMENT OR APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING THE CASES OF PIN
CARTRIDGES FROM BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS, AND FOR RE-CAPPING, RE-CHARGING,
AND CLOSING OR TURNING IN THE SAID CARTRIDGE CASES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of an instrument or apparatus, composed of the
following parts:-A long hook on the end of a rod is jointed by the said rod
to a handle of nearly the same form and construction as that of the ordinary
pocket cork-screw. When the instrument is closed the hook occupies the
space between the two sides of the handle, and the hook is held firmly both in
its open and closed positions by the spring joint on that end of the rod which is
jointed to the handle. Two holes are made at right angles to one another, one of
the said holes being in the axis of the rod, and the other being situated across
the rod; the former hole is screwed and opens into the latter, which is plain.
Into the screwed hole a plug is made to screw which plug serves to force
down the chargo in re-charging the cartridge case and also serves to take hold
of the pin of the cartridge case in withdrawing the said pin from the said case.
The plain hole also serves to draw the cartridge case from the barrel by intro-

page_text: ducing the pin of the cartridge case into the said hole. In the said screwed
hole a cupped closer also screws for closing in the end of the cartridge case
after it has been charged. In order to re-cap the cartridge case I employ a
metal cylinder a little less than the interior of the case. The said cylinder has
a hole in its axis up which the hook can be passed. At the top of the
cylinder is a lateral hole through which the percussion cap is passed and held
between two springs. The cylinder with the hook and cap in it is passed up
the cartridge case, and the hook being pressed up the cylinder the percussion
cap is forced into the recess in the end of the cartridge case. The pin is
now placed in the side of the cartridge and by turning tho handle of the hook
upon its joint the said handle may be pressed against the end of the pin and
made to force the said pin into the percussion cap. When the metallic end of
the cartridge case has been separated from the paper tube by the discharge,
the said metallic end is drawn out by the pin and the paper tube or case
which is left behind is drawn out by the long hook. By the use of the instru-
ment described a pin cartridge case can be withdrawn from a breech-loading
fire-arm after discharge, and can be re-capped and re-charged and closed
ready to be used again.
AN IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT AND METHOD OF INDICATION TO BE EMPLOYED IN RAILWAY AND OTHER TIMETABLES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Russell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th July
1862.
I, JOSEPH RUSSELL, junior, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Canvasser and Clerk, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT AND METHOD OF INDICATION TO BE EMPLOYED IN
RAILWAY AND OTHER TIMETABLES," to be as follows:-
The Invention is particularly adapted to railway timetables, but it is also
applicable to other timetables, and is designed to render such tables or
guides" more clear and intelligible, and also to economize space therein.
The improvement consists in the use and application of stripes, dots, commas,
or other marks or signs to any or all of the division lines now employed to
separate the rows of figures denoting the time. For example, take the
departure of a train consisting of one or two classes of carriages, this is
denoted by two marks or signs upon the division line, and the numerals
usually employed for the purpose are discarded, and consequently the space
they occupy is saved; then if an extra class is added to the train at a future
station it can be indicated at the point of addition by a mark, when a numeral
would only tend to confuse instead of instruct. This may also be applied to
the classes of fares charged; and a further improvement consists in dividing
the "ante meridian" from "post meridian" by a thick vertical line, as
Sundays are now divided from the week-days.
A CERTAIN COMPOUND OR CERTAIN COMPOUNDS TO BE USED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR GUNPOWDER
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Harrison at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Pétition, on the 5th February
1862.
I, EDWARD HARRISON, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Schoolmaster,
5 do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A CERTAIN COMPOUND
OR CERTAIN COMPOUNDS TO BE USED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR GUNPOWDER," to be as
follows:-
The Invention consists in an admixture of chlorate of potash, nitrate of
potash, starch, yellow prussiate of potash and charcoal to form an explosive
compound which is to be used as a substitute for gunpowder, as for examples:-
Take of chlorate of potash
-
12 parts,
وو
"
"
"
nitrate of potash
starch
- 6
"
-
2
ferrocyanide of potassium (yellow 4
prussiate).
"
"
"
"
"
"
charcoal
Take of chlorate of soda
"
nitrate of soda
"
"
وو
starch
"
ララ
"
"
or,
ferrocyanide of potassium
charcoal
1:
1
1
-
1 "
-
12 parts,
1
-
I I
-
62
"
2
39.
4
"
1
-
1.
"

page_text: Take of chlorate of potash
nitrate of soda
"
"
"
"
starch
"
"
"
"
-
ferrocyanide of potassium
charcoal
Take of chlorate of soda
or,
1
1
1
-
12 parts,
- 6
543
"
-
2
"
-
4
"
-
1
"
"
nitrate of potash
starch
"
"
"
"
ferrocyanide of potassium
charcoal
1
-
12 parts,
- 6
"
- 2
"
4
"
- 1
"
Or any other variations of chlorate of soda and nitrate of soda as combined
with starch, and any or all of the aforesaid ingredients, and of chlorate of
potash and nitrate of potash as combined with starch, and any or all of the
aforesaid ingredients, or the admixture of the chlorates and nitrates of
soda and potash in required proportions, also as combined with starch and any.
or all of the said ingredients, or such other disposition of the various ingre-
dients or some of them, as may be found requisite to form or constitute the
compound as an effective substitute or substitutes for gunpowder.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MIXING, MINCING, AND POUNDING MATERIALS TO BE USED IN THE PREPARATION OF FOOD
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Turner, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
February 1862.
I, JAMES TURNER, of 194, Upper Thames Street, in the City of London,
Baker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MACHINERY FOR MIXING, MINCING, AND POUNDING MATERIALS TO BE USED IN THE
PREPARATION OF FOOD," to be as follows:-
This Invention is applicable to three or more distinct operations in the
preparation of food, and consists in this,-I construct machinery so that
motion is imparted to a cross-head by side levers and two sets of cogged or
toothed wheels. Two of these are keyed on to a horizontal shaft, supported
by a frame, the other wheels being connected with the levers. A mixing
receiver surrounded by a toothed band and supported by a frame capable of
being tilted is situated beneath the cross-head, and is made to revolve on a
centre point by a screw in the shaft. The whole may be fixed to a bench or
dresser by a clamp or other means. The instruments or utensils used may be
attached to the cross-head aforesaid, and be either fixed or free, as the case
may be. A block can be placed on the top of the receiver in conjunction with
tho mincing knives, and for pounding a pestle or plunger may be substituted;
the block may be replaced by a mortar with a revolving bottom, with inter-
stices or small holes for the material to drop through. For mixing either
whisks or a spatula can be fixed to the cross-head, which gives it a to-and-fro
motion within the mixing receiver. The whole is put in motion by a handle
on the shaft.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROPE WHEELS, CAGES, AND TANKS USED FOR MINES, COLLIERIES, AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bryan Johnson and Edward Henry
Taylor at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 16th July 1862.
We, BRYAN JOHNSON, of the City of Chester, Engineer, and EDWARD
HENRY TAYLOR, of Coed Talon, near Mold, in the County of Flint, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ROPE WHEELS, CAGES, AND TANKS USED FOR MINES, COLLIERIES, AND OTHER SIMILAR
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to afford the means of a ready adjustment of
the length of the winding rope or chain between the rope wheel and the cage
or article to which it is attached. On the shaft of the rope wheel I fix a boss
in two parts, each having a flange on the outside, so as to form between them
a circular groove, into which is fitted the rope wheel in such manner that it
may be turned upon the boss or upon the shaft when required, and afterwards
bolted to the side flanges by bolts. In the side flanges I drill, in a circle of a
given diameter, a number of holes, and in the solid part of the rope wheel,
around the boss, I drill, in a circle of the same diameter, one, two, three, or
more holes more than there are in the side flanges, so that the bolts employed
for holding the wheel and boss together can be passed into different holes,
and thereby obtain a very delicate adjustment of the length of the rope, Thus,
when there is one hole more in the rope wheel than in the flanges, if two bolts
have been passed through two sets of holes opposite each other, and then

page_text: withdrawn so that the rope wheel can bo turned to allow them to be passed
through the next set of holes, the winding rope will be shortened a distance
proportionate to a fractional part only of the circumferential distance between
the holes, and if the rope wheel be turned to the next following set of holes
another fractional part will be added, and so on, the different numbers of the
holes producing an effect similar to the use of the vernier in philosophical
instruments. When the boss consists of one part only the rope wheel is to be
formed of two parts, in order to place it between the flanges, or the plan may
be varied by having the wheel of one piece and one of the flanges moveable.
In another arrangement, for the purpose of shifting the rope wheel to frac-
tional distances, I employ a ratchet wheel and catches, or have ratchet teeth
and catches either on the boss or the wheel. We also use, in connection with
the above-described pulley, tanks for winding water from mines or collieries.
The said tanks may be round, square, or any other shape, and will be fitted
with air pipes passing through them to prevent a vacuum being formed
beneath the tank when leaving the water; also an arrangement of india-
rubber or other springs and wrought-iron straps to connect the tank or
winding cage to the winding rope or chain instead of the usual chains and
shackles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THAT KIND OF BOXES KNOWN AS DRY GOODS BOXES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th June
1862.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of Quadrant Road, Highbury New Park, Islington,.
in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THAT KIND OF BOXES
KNOWN AS DRY GOODS BOXES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to that class of boxes known as dry goods boxes, not
being applicable for containing fluid matters, and my improvements consist
in manufacturing such boxes of paper, card, or millboard, and combining the
several parts by hoops of metal, which in addition to securing the parts
together, strengthen the boxes, and keep them in form. The paper stuff of
the boxes may be further combined with cloth such as used for. book covers,
or it may be cheaper woven material, which imparts tenacity to the paper
stuff. In manufacturing my boxes I form cylinders of paper by lapping, and
pasting, glueing, or otherwise cementing together thicknesses of paper on
a suitable form or mould, and making such cylinders either of the length
of the bodies of the boxes or longer, and cut them into suitable lengths. The
tops and bottoms of the boxes I prefer to make of discs cut from sheets of
millboard, and I cover and line such boxes with paper more or less ornamental
according to the purpose for which they are intended. The disc constituting
the bottom of the box, I unite to the body by a hoop of metal having a narrow

page_text: flange thrown inwards to support the disc while the body of the hoop embraces
the paper body of the box, and is suitably grooved or corrugated to give it
stiffness; and to assist in holding the parts together, I apply a similar hoop to
the disc constituting the top, and such hoop may constitute the entire cylindrical
part of the top which slides and holds on the body of the box, or it may simply
connect the top disc to a cylindrical part of paper stuff constituting the fitting and
holding part of the cover. For a cheap manufacture of boxes, the metal hoops
may be pieces of tin plate either plain or ornamentally perforated, but for better
kinds of boxes brass or other metal may be adopted suitably polished, and
lacquered, and perforated, or otherwise. Instead of being cylindrical these
boxes may be of oval or other form. I sometimes apply a metal binding
to the edge or lip of these paper boxes, on which the cover is applied,
and fits more especially when the cylindrical part of the cover is of metal
only.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING ACCIDENTS IN OR AT MINE SHAFTS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Barry Goodman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th April 1862.
I, GEORGE BARRY GOODMAN, of No. 29, Baker Street, Portman Square,.
London, in the County of Middlesex, Auctioneer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
PREVENTING ACCIDENTS IN OR AT MINE SHAFTS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in machinery or apparatus herein-after described, which
said machinery or apparatus suspends or arrests the mine skip or cage, if by
the breaking of the chain, or otherwise, the said skip or cage becomes
detached from the winding apparatus, the said skip or cage is thereby pre-
vented from falling down the mine shaft. On the four sides of the shaft,.
conducting slides or guides are fixed, furnished with racks, teeth, or steps,.
extending from the top to the bottom of the mine shafts. The skip or cage-
is furnished with four iron or other bars or bolts attached to the four interior
sides of the skip or cage by hinges, rings, bolts, or otherwise, which said bars
or bolts are placed immediately opposite to the before-mentioned slides or
guides in the shaft. The bars or bolts are furnished at the top with lips or
projections which protrude over the top edge of the skip or cage, & fit into
the cavities of the slides or guides of the shaft, and lodging on the racks,
teeth, or steps, prevent the skip or cage from descending the shaft on the

page_text: upper part of the interior of the skip or cage, and enclosing the bars or bolts
are fixed boxes or enclosures containing springs, which bearing outwards force
the bars tightly against the sides of the skip or cage. To the throat or bend of the
lip or projecting part of the bar or bolt are attatched chains or ropes, which
passing through pullies or openings at the back of the boxes or enclosures, are
led up to the main chain or rope which supports the skip or cage to which
they are secured, at the same time, by being drawn tight, they force the bars
or bolts backwards, bringing the outer end of the lip or projection on a level or
within the outer edge of the skip or cage. A wedge or block is placed at the
back of each bar or bolt, which falls or is drawn down by springs whenever
the bar or bolt is forced forwards, and filling up the opening in the box or
enclosure prevents the bar or bolt from being jerked or forced back again.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE GRINDING, CHAFF-CUTTING, AND CORN-CRUSHING MACHINERY
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Eddington at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th May
1862.
I, WILLIAM EDDINGTON, junior, of Chelmsford, in the County of Essex,
Engineer, being one of the people called Quakers, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE GRINDING, CHAFF-CUTTING,
AND CORN-CRUSHING MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, in fixing a grinding mill and a chaff cutter,
with or without an oat and bean crusher, on one framework mounted on
travelling wheels, and by means of suitable gearing and clutches attached to
the main driving shaft, either one machine or all may be worked at one time
by means of a band passing round a rigger fixed to the main shaft, or any
other suitable way of deriving the power from an engine.
My Invention consists, secondly, in so placing a lever to bear on the top of
a spindle fixed to or connected with the centre of the top running stone, that
by applying a small weight or spring balance to the longer end it may cause
the top stone to press hard on the lower one.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREPARING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bapty at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th October
1862.
I, JOHN BAPTY, of Leeds, in the County of York, Woollen Yarn Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR PREPARING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for preparing
wool and other fibrous materials. For these purposes a conical drum is used,
mounted on axes; on the surface of this drum are teeth, which are by pre-
ference set in spiral lines. The drum revolves within a case, and there is a
rocking bar or bars applied from end to end of the case. On this bar or bars
there are teeth, which, on the rotation of the conical drum, come between the
teeth on the drum. The bar or bars have a rocking motion applied thereto,
so that the teeth thereon are moved or swung to and fro. At the under part
of the case of the drum is a chamber, to which a fan or exhausting apparatus
is applied, so as to produce a slight current from the chamber towards the fan,
sufficient to remove the dust as it passes through a partition which is placed
between the exhausted chamber and the chamber within which the conical
drum revolves. This partition is made with bars, or is otherwise made reti-
culate, so as to admit of the dust passing through, whilst the fibrous matters
which are being acted on are prevented passing through tho partition. The

page_text: fibrous matters which are to be opened out or mixed, and thus prepared for
the subsequent process of carding or otherwise, are fed in at the side of the
case of the machine near the smaller end of the conical drum, the feed
extending along only a portion of the length of the conical drum. As the
fibrous substances are more and more thrown and beaten in the machine, they
will progressively be moved from the smaller end towards and out of that end
of the case whero the larger end of the drum is situated, which is open for the
purpose of permitting the fibres, as they come to the larger end of the drum,
to be thrown off therefrom through the open end of the case.
In feeding fibrous matters into machines, where the same are fed up to the
feeding apparatus by an endless apron, I use the following arrangement :-A
roller is employed, having thereon card or bent teeth, and the fibrous materials
are fed between this roller and a concave surface, and by the revolution of the
roller the fibrous matters are moved forward by the backs of the teeth. This
roller revolves slowly, and the fibres are taken therefrom by the teeth of a
quicker revolving surface or drum. This drum or surface works with the
teeth of another drum or revolving surface which revolves at a slower speed,
so that there is a carding action produced between the teeth of the two drums
or surfaces. From the teeth of both these drums a rotating brush removes
the fibres.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CRINOLINE STEEL
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Harry Holdsworth at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd September
1862.
I, HARRY HOLDSWORTH, of the Firm of H. Holdsworth and Company, of
Spring Works, New George Street, Sheffield, in the County of York, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CRINOLINE STEEL," to be as follows :—
This Invention relates to the steel expanders of crinolines, and consists in
forming one or more lines or rows of small holes near the edges of the steel,
or along the middle thereof, and parallel therewith, or crosswise thereof, as
may be desired, for the purpose of enabling the steel to be readily and securely
attached by sewing same to the material of which the crinoline is to be made.
By these means the steel may be joined in any desired manner or shape, and
may be securely sewn upon or between any textile fabrics without first covering
said steel with cotton, as heretofore practised, thus effecting economy in the
cost thereof, and rendering same more useful than crinoline steel as heretofore
manufactured.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING RIFLES, AND OTHER FIRE-ARMS, AND IN ORDNANCE
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mowbray Walker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th April
1862.
I, MOWBRAY WALKER, of St. Benet's Place, Gracechurch Street, in the
City of London, Accountant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING RIFLES, AND OTHER FIRE-ARMS, AND IN
ORDNANCE," to be as follows:-
I construct breech-pieces for breech-loading rifles, without requiring screw
actions or complications of levers, by cutting away or grooving out the stock
at or near the breech end of the barrel, and fitting the same with a breech
plug or piece for stopping the breech end of the barrel, capable of being
turned, or in part turned (on a centre) to out of the same line with the said
breech end of the barrel to load the rifle. Thus I have a breech plug made
to enter the end of the barrel, and close the same, which plug should be
made in two parts (united by a joint) the pivot of which joint should protrude
at each side of the plug, and slide in slots at each side of the breech-piece,
and one part, that furthest from the end of the barrel when in a line with it,
being capable of being turned on said joint, and allow the whole plug to be
moved so as to admit the charge, after which the plug is to be placed in its
former position, closing the breech end of the barrel ready for firing. I affix.
the nipple in the barrel, and connect the barrel to the stock in the ordinary
way; or I can use a breech-piece, fitted at the breech end of the gun, such
breech-piece having a piece for stopping the breech end of the barrel with a

page_text: charge chamber therein, corresponding with the calibre of the breech end of
the barrel, said piece for stopping the breech end of the barrel being capable
of being turned on its centre, so as to bring the open end of the chamber to the
side of the breech-piece, and corresponding with an aperture therein for loading
the rifle; and I prefer to have a lever handle on top of this breech-piece;
also I use thumbscrews and other adjuncts in carrying out my said Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED IN DRESSING LACE OR OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Dobson, of the Firm of Messieurs William
and Frederick Dobson, of the Town and County of the Town of Notting-
ham, Lace Dressers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
USED IN DRESSING LACE OR OTHER FABRICS."
Sealed the 8th May 1863, and dated the 12th November 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Dobson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
November 1862.
I, WILLIAM DOBSON, of the Firm of Messieurs William and Frederick
Dobson, of the Town and County of the Town of Nottingham, Lace Dressers,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS USED IN DRESSING LACE OR OTHER FABRICS," to be as follows:-
Hitherto it has been usual in dressing lace to employ for that purpose a
roller having a plain surface whereby to communicate the dressing material
to the lace to be dressed. This roller is generally about two inches in diameter
and from twenty to forty inches wide.
Now my present Invention consists in the employment of a spindle of any
required dimensions and arranged in a convenient manner having within itself a
series of rollers, each roller revolving on the spindle. By the use of a spindle

page_text: thus constructed the starch or "dress," may be imparted to the lace in a more
regular and equable manner than by the means heretofore employed besides
effecting a saving of time and material.
I sometimes find it convenient to employ a roller similar to the one above
mentioned, except that instead of having a series of revolving rollers within its 5
width, the roller itself is grooved, the grooves thereon being made at any
required distance from each other.
Although I have herein-before referred to lace only my Invention is also
applicable to other fabrics.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VINEGAR
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Duncan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th March
1862.
I, JAMES DUNCAN, of Greenock, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain,.
Sugar Refiner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VINEGAR," to be as follows, that is
to say :-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the manufacture of
vinegar.
For this purpose weak saccharine liquors consisting of what are known as
charcoal washings or charwashings, steamings of casks, bag filter washings,
and the sweet waters of sugar refiners are used. These are mixed together
so as to form saccharine solutions of not higher specific gravity than about 30°
Beaumé. As these solutions are almost invariably acid they are neutralised
or even rendered slightly alkaline by adding to them a suitable quantity of
caustic lime, slaked lime, or carbonate of lime in a state of minute division.
Baryta, stiontia, whether caustic, slaked, or in the state of carbonate, may also
be employed, though preference is given to the lime, its hydrate or carbonate.
These neutralised or alkaline saccharine solutions are then introduced into
suitable fermenting tuns, where they are mixed with a suitable quantity of
ordinary yeast and sometimes with a suitable quantity of German yeast in the
state of cream. The solutions are kept at a suitable temperature till the

page_text: vinous fermentation is completed. In some cases it may be convenient to add
to the yeast a suitable quantity of wheaten barley or other similar flour or other
nitrogenous matter. When the liquid has been sufficiently fermented it may be
racked off from the sediment into spacious ripening or acidifying casks, where
it is maintained at a suitable temperature, and is freely exposed to the air by
the well-known arrangements used in ordinary vinegar manufacture. When
the acetic fermentation has been completed, any lime, baryta or stiontia,
which is contained in these liquors is precipitated by adding the requisite
amount of sulphuric or oxalic acid, great care being taken to avoid adding any
The liquors are then either at once filtered or allowed to stand till the
whole of the sediment has been deposited, when the fine vinegar may be
drawn off.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th August
1862. A communication from abroad by Joseph Philippe Toussaint
Bordone, of Genoa, in the Kingdom of Italy.
I, WILLIAM SMITH, of Number 19, Salisbury Street, Adelphi, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES," (a communi-
cation to me from abroad by Joseph Philippe Toussaint Bordone, of Genoa,
in the Kingdom of Italy,) to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to furnaces for generating steam and for other
purposes, and is intended for burning fuel smokelessly and economically. The
furnace bars are hollow, and arranged so as to form an inclined grate rising
from the front upwards to the back; the bars are connected at their superior
and inferior extremities to hollow transverse bearing bars & forming a tubular
system, through which the feed water is made to circulate rapidly and is
thereby heated before entering the boiler. The feed water enters the tubular
arrangement at the lower transverse hollow bearing bar, and having circulated
through the tubular grate the supply of feed water thus heated is taken from
the upper hollow bearing bar. By the disposition of the grate, at a con-
siderable angle upwards from the front to the back, the products of combustion
arising from the distillation of the green fuel are by the admission of the air

page_text: in front and above the bars made to pass downwards through the burning
fuel, and between the bars and the gases and carbonaceous matters generated
are consumed by the incandescent substratum of fuel and so prevents the
production of smoke, and thus the greatest amount of heat due to the
combustion of the fuel is generated and utilized.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Palmer at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th March
1862.
I, WILLIAM PALMER, of Sutton Street, Clerkenwell, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LAMPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in lamps. For these
purposes the oil or fluid is placed in the upper compartment of a vessel,
From
which is formed with two compartments, an upper and a lower one.
the upper compartment one or more tubes proceed, according as the vessel is
to supply one or more burners, and the oil or fluid descends by gravitation
through such tube or tubes to the burner or burners. From each burner of
the lamp another tube proceeds to the vessel, the other end of such tube being
connected to the lower compartment of the vessel, so that the oil or fluid
which overflows from the burner descends through such tube into the lower
compartment of the vessel. In the lower compartment of the vessel there is
a plunger or piston, which on being raised carries up the oil or fluid, and
causes it to pass through a valve in the partition which divides the upper from
the lower compartment of the vessel, and thus is the oil or fluid which over-
> flows returned to the upper compartment of the vessel. In place of employing
a vessel with two compartments, other forms of supply vessels may be used in
combination with two tubes to the burner, as above explained. In con-
structing lamps where cylindrical tubular wicks are used, and where paraffin

page_text: oil or such like fluids are burned, the outer tube of the burner in place of
being made level with or lower than the inner tube of the burner, is made
about an eighth of an inch higher than the inner tube, and I prefer that
provision should be made for adjusting the height of the outer tube above the
inner one, and in order that the fluid shall not rise up to the flame except by
the wick, an overflow hole or holes is made in the outer tube below the upper
end, as has before been done. When making flat wicked lamps in place of
having only one wick tube or pipe, I have two or more at a distance apart,
each provided with means of adjusting the wicks, and over the upper ends of
such wick tubes I employ a cone or air deflector, with as many parallel slits
or openings as there are wick tubes.
A NEW AND IMPROVED MODE OF USING THE EXHAUST STEAM OF STEAM ENGINES BY RE-CONVEYING THE SAME INTO THE BOILER
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert William Greenwood and
Charles John Marson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 1st October 1862.
We, ROBERT WILLIAM GREENWOOD and CHARLES JOHN MARSON, both of
13, Gloster Crescent, Islington, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW AND IMPROVED MODE
OF USING THE EXHAUST STEAM OF STEAM ENGINES BY RE-CONVEYING THE SAME
INTO THE BOILER," "to be as follows" :-
This Invention consists in re-conveying the exhaust steam from steam
engines into the boiler in the following manner :-A & A', are two steam
chambers into which the exhaust steam enters by the pipes H & H', moving
with a radial motion. Within these chambers are two steam-tight diaphragms
B&B' turning on the centre pin C, and a to-&-fro motion is communicated
to the same from the engine through the rod E working in the guide F, and
it is fixed to the bar G, connecting the two diaphragms B & B'. The exhaust
steam passes through a valve in the pipe H into the chamber A until the
diaphragm B is close against the opposite side of the chamber. The
diaphragm then makes the return stroke, which closes the valve in the pipe H,
and opens another in the pipe K, through which the steam passes into the
boiler; the reverse action is going on in the other chamber as the two
chambers fill and empty alternately.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN HARNESS FOR ANIMALS OF DRAUGHT AND BURDEN
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Luke Holden at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd April
1862.
I, LUKE HOLDEN, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, Saddler, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN HARNESS FOR ANIMALS OF DRAUGHT AND BURDEN," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates, first, to that portion of harness called the "shaft
tugs," being the portion attached to the strap which passes over the saddle on
the animal's back, and from which the shafts are supported. The improve-
ments consist in forming the part of the "tug" marked a in the Drawing of
metal for the purpose of durability, or metal covered with leather or other
material, instead of its being composed of leather only as hitherto. By
arranging the "tug" as shewn, the buckle may be readily renewed when
required, it being only attached to the "tug" by the pin b.
A second part of the Invention consists in forming the saddle as used for
draught animals of metal, or covered metal, instead of leather only.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTICLES OF CLOTHING
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th October
1862. A communication from abroad by Mr. Paul Baudet, of 29,
Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, Clockmaker.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTICLES OF CLOTHING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the application of elastic gussets generally in the
manufacture of men's garments, especially trousers, drawers, waistcoats, and
other articles which require on the one hand to more or less completely fit the
part to which they are applied, while on the other hand they should adapt
themselves to all the motions of the latter; it necessarily results that under
certain circumstances and in certain positions the fabric of which said
garments are made becomes stretched, and it also happens that the article of
dress, whatever may be the cut, never "fits," and impedes the movement of
the person, that it wears out quicker, and, lastly, through the necessity of
subsequent enlargement, a larger quantity of material is required. I propose
to remedy these inconveniences by the general application in all required
positions of gussets of india-rubber or other flexible material possessing
lightness and durability. The elastic gussets, whatever may be their nature,
are sewn or otherwise connected to the garment in suitable positions, or they
may be woven in the fabric. The gussets are made with an india-rubber
warp and a weft of silk known as "elastic" for boots, and made in pieces of

page_text: suitable shape, ready for adjustment, or the warp may be of india-rubber
and the weft of similar material to that of the fabric in which the gusset is to
be applied; or the elastic may consist simply of bands or cords, encased or not,
and secured by any suitable means to the garments in the desired positions, so
as to allow of their distending on certain motions of the body, afterwards
returning to their original position and fit. For example, in trowsers I place
at the back part near the waist two several arrangements of gussets, the one
in the circumference, and the other I place so as to stretch in a vertical
direction, and adapt itself to the motions of walking, which tends to lengthen
the legs of the trowsers; or I may place two gussets at the hips, which may
form part of the waist, and serve as an elastic waistband. In waistcoats the
elastic gusset occupies a position in the centre of the back, or where it
fits on the hips.
From the foregoing explanation it will be readily understood that the
nature, form, and position of the gussets may be varied as desired, the
Invention consisting in such application of elastic gussets to all kinds of men's
garments.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLYING A NEW MATERIAL TO BE USED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE BLACKENING' OR OTHER MATERIALS EMPLOYED IN CASTING OR MOULDING METALS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Gray and David Cunning-
ham at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 20th June 1862.
We, GEORGE GRAY, of Whiteburn, in the County of Linlithgow, North
Britain, Coal and Lime Master, and DAVID CUNNINGHAM, of the same Place,
Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLYING A NEW MATERIAL TO BE USED AS A SUBSTITUTE
FOR THE BLACKENING' OR OTHER MATERIALS EMPLOYED IN CASTING OR MOULDING
METALS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the application and preparation of a refuse material,
not hitherto applied to any useful purpose, to be used as a substitute for the
"blackening" or other materials employed in moulding metals. The material
used for the manufacture of this new kind of blackening or moulding material
is the refuse product of bituminous shale, after this mineral has been distilled
or otherwise treated so as to obtain the oil therefrom. The refuse matter of
the shale is first dried, by roasting or other equivalent means, so as to render
it fit for grinding; it is then ground in a suitable mill or triturating apparatus.
The ground product is again dried, if necessary, and then sifted so as to leave
it in the form of a fine powder. The refuse shale prepared in this or other
equivalent manner is found to be an excellent substitute for the blackening

page_text: or "parting sand" used by founders in forming the moulds for casting metals,
and is particularly applicable for what are termed "fine castings." The pre-
pared refuse shale may also be used for wholly forming the moulds for casting
metals, or it may be mixed with sand or other moulding materials in various
proportions as the particular nature of the work may require.
AN IMPROVED SAFETY HANDLE FOR WINCHES, CRANES, AND OTHER LIKE MACHINES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gillison Harkness at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th July 1862.
I, JOHN GILLISON HARKNESS, of Birkenhead, in the County of Chester,
Storekeeper, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED SAFETY HANDLE FOR WINCHES, CRANES, AND OTHER LIKE MACHINES," to
be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to prevent the handles of winches, cranes,
and other like machines from revolving with the driving shaft during the
operation of "lowering," "paying-out," or "unwinding," as accidents frequently
happen to persons employing such machines by the great speed at which the
said bandles usually rotate. The lever and hand bars of the handle are of any
suitable or usual form, but the aperture or eye near the end of the former is
made of an oval or other suitable form, having length, and the driving shaft on
which it is to be placed is circular. Forming part of or attached to the handle
at its extreme end, and just beyond the aperture or eye above mentioned, is a
"catch piece." The driving pinion or wheel or other wheel fastened to the
driving shaft, or if there is no convenient pinion or wheel, then a disc fastened
to the driving shaft, has two or more studs or pins cast or otherwise fastened
thereon. When it is desired to raise a weight, say, by any machine of the
class above mentioned, then the oval or other formed aperture or eye allows

page_text: the handle to be moved sufficiently far to bring the so-called "catch piece" to
bear on the side of the said studs or pins, and thus make a purchase for the
handle, which has power applied in the usual way. But when it is desirable
to lower the weight, then the handle is moved in the contrary direction, that
is, until that end of the aperture or eye nearest the end of the lever bar is
close up to or on the driving shaft, and the catch piece no longer bears on the
studs or pins, but it rests near the shaft within the circle described by
the said studs or pins as they rotate with the shaft, the lever bar being made
with a shoulder or bend sufficiently large to allow the said studs or pins to
pass without coming in contact with it.
A NEW KIND OF POROUS STEMS FOR TOBACCO PIPES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Beare Caulfield at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th November 1862.
City of
I, WILLIAM BEARE CAULFIELD, of No. 30, Queen Street, in the
London, Stationer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW KIND OF POROUS STEMS FOR TOBACCO PIPES," to be as follows:-
A tube of any convenient diameter composed of the pulp of rags or any
other fibrous material, or from felt, or from paper rolled up together, more
particularly of such paper as is commonly known as "blotting paper." This
tube to be used inside of the stem of a tobacco pipe, or as a stem by itself,
will absorb the essential oil and juices arising from the combustion of the
tobacco, and will prevent the smoker from suffering any hurt or inconvenience
therefrom until it becomes saturated, when it may be instantly replaced by
another fresh & clean stem.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN FIRE-ARMS ADAPTED TO PREVENT THEIR ACCIDENTAL DISCHARGE
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Whitmore Baker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th January
1862.
I, WHITMORE BAKER, of Downham, in the County of Norfolk, Surgeon
Dentist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FIRE-ARMS ADAPTED TO PREVENT THEIR ACCIDENTAL DISCHARGE," to be
as follows:-
The object of the improvements is to afford security in the use of fire-
arms against their accidental discharge.
For this purpose I apply a combination of means adapted to hold the
trigger, and prevent it releasing the hammer except when the person using
the gun pulls the trigger whilst holding the fire-arm against the
the ordinary position for discharging it.
person in
For this purpose the stock is provided with a sliding piece acted on by a
spring, with one end adapted to stop the trigger, whilst the other end of this
sliding piece projects sufficiently through the butt plate to be pressed inwards
when the butt is resting against the person holding the gun in position for firing.
And to prevent the effect of pressure exerted upon this sliding piece being to
release the trigger, except when the trigger is also acted upon for firing at the
time of the gun being held in position for that purpose, there is a supple-

page_text: mental stop or holder which is released by the pressure of the hand whilst
pulling the trigger. The combined stops being thus simultaneously operated
upon, the trigger becomes free to release the hammer.
The improvements are also applicable to act on the hammer to stop and
release it.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF FIRE-PLACE OR STOVE GRATE
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Richard Nicholl at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
October 1862.
I, JOHN RICHARD NICHOLL, of Streatham, in the County of Surrey, Clerk,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
CONSTRUCTION OF FIRE-PLACE OR STOVE GRATE," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to supply coals to open fire-places or stove
grates in such a manner as to economise the consumption of fuel and
to check or prevent the formation of smoke. To this end I fit up the fire-
place or stove grate with a sliding back, which may be advanced or pushed
back at pleasure, and in front of this back I hang a swing plate which has a
tendency to take an inclined position and form with the sliding back a kind
of temporary hopper or shute. When the fire is burning brightly in the grate
the back will be in an advanced position and the swing plate will be retained
by the sliding back in a vertical position, but when a supply of coals is required
the attendant will thrust the sliding back (by a rod, rack, and pinion, chain
and pulley, or other convenient means,) to its furthest backward position, and
thereby leave the swing plate free to take the inclined position. This plate
I so shape that when inclined and forming with the sliding back, as above
stated, a hopper or shute to receive a change of coals an opening will be
presented for the coals to descend into the grate at the back of the burning

page_text: fuel. This being done, the attendant draws forward the sliding back, which
now acting as a plunger forces the fresh coals under the incandescent fuel in
the grate, the gases therefore evolved from the fresh coals will pass through
the incandescent fuel and become consumed.