LN MOULDS FOR CASTING IRON STEEL AND OTHER METALS
Year: 1884

page_text: I THORSTEN NORDENFELT of 53 Parliament Street in the City of Westminster
Civil Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
" a communication to
me from abroad by Carl Gustaf Wittenström of Motala, Edward Faustman and
Petter Ostberg, Civil Engineers, of Stockholm all in the Kingdom of Sweden to be
as follows:-
LN MOULDS FOR CASTING IRON STEEL AND OTHER METALS
This Invention has for its object improvements in moulds for casting iron steel
and other metals.
I employ metal moulds made in parts jointed together and having jackets in
which cither water or steam may be made to circulate.
The joint pins connecting the parts of the mould are hollow and serve for the
passage of the cooling or heating fluid to and from the jackets of the metal mould.
The following is a description of the different parts of the apparatus which may
be easily understood by any person skilled in the art. Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 show
one of the metal moulds arranged for steam heating before the commencement of
the casting operation and for watercooling during and after the same.
These moulds are so constructed as to allow the castings to be easily and
speedily taken out of them and so that casting in the same moulds can bo
repeated in quick succession. The two halves of the mould are connected by
hinges and a lock.
The moulds are made of common gray cast iron when for coarser and plainer
castings. For finer castings with thin projecting parts in the moulds which parts
quickly would melt away or be spoiled if they were made of cast iron the moulds
are cast of soft steel or else I make such delicate parts of wrought iron or steel and
fix them in the cast iron moulds. The mould must be very accurately made and
the surface that forms the mould proper must be cleaned from oxide. Such moulds
of cast iron are exceedingly durable if the percentage of manganese in the iron or
steel is small several thousand castings can be made in them without any visible

page_text: injury but if the iron contains a large percentage of manganese the cast iron
moulds usually wear in the gate which then will have to be lined with plumbago.
The moulds ought to be heated to a temperature of say 80° to 100° C before the
commencement of the casting and covered at the inside with a thin layer of soot
which is effected by smoking them with naphtha or coal tar in the usual way. The
moulds are mado with double walls between which steam is admitted at first so as
to heat the mould before casting and cold water afterwards whilst the casting is
going on to keep them cool.
Figure 1 represents such a mould in elevation the upper hinge in section.
Figure 2 is a plan, Figure 3 is a longitudinal section and Figure 4 a cross section
above the lock.
These figures show the arrangement common to all such moulds but the shape
and size vary according to the shape and size of the castings. These moulds
consist of two halves s, t, of cast iron or soft steel united with the hinges ¹¹
and one
or more locks is the open space in which the metal is poured
and the gate. To form the double walls each mould half is cast with flanges
round about to which the plates y' y' are bolted. There are also some transverse
ribs to regulate the circulation of the water and steam. These ribs serve also
to strengthen the mould. The water is led to the mould and away from it through
the hollow pins all of the hinge joints which pins communicate with the
passages in the mould halves and are provided with necessary flanges and
stuffing boxes. c is the supply pipe for the water and d" for the steam. e" is
the outlet. These pipes are provided with the necessary cocks " " " to turn
off the water when the mould is to be heated by steam and to regulate the
cooling. The lock v¹ serves to hold the parts of the mould together for casting.
By means of lugs on the half of tho mould without locks the mould may be
attached either to a casting wagon or to some other suitable support during the
casting process but that half of the mould which carries the lock ought to be free
so that the mould may be easily opened after casting.

page_text: DIBUIFICATION.
I. THORSTEN NORDENFELT of 53 Parliament Street in the City of Westminster
Civil Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MOULDS FOR CASTING IRON STEEL AND OTHER METALS"(a communication to
me from abroad by Carl Gustaf Wittenström of Motala, Edward Faustman and
Petter Östberg of Stockholm in the Kingdom of Sweden Civil Engineers) and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in moulds for casting iron steel
and other metals.
I employ metal moulds made in parts jointed together and having jackets in
which either water or steam may be made to circulate.
The joint pins connecting the parts of the mould are hollow and serve for the
passage of the cooling or heating fluid to and from the jackets of the metal mould.
The following is a description of the different parts of the apparatus which may
be easily understood by any person skilled in the art.
Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 show one of the metal moulds arranged for steam heating
before the commencement of the casting operation and for water cooling during
and after the same.
These moulds are so constructed as to allow the castings to be easily and speedily
taken out of them and so that casting in the same moulds can be repeated in quick
succession. The two halves of the mould are connected by hinges and a lock.
The moulds are made of common gray cast iron when for coarser and plainer
castings. For finer castings with thin projecting parts in the moulds which parts
quickly would melt away or be spoiled if they were made of cast iron the moulds
are cast of soft steel or else I make such delicate parts of wrought iron or steel and
fix them in the cast iron moulds. The mould must be very accurately made
and the surface that forms the mould proper must be cleaned from oxide. Such
moulds of cast iron are exceedingly durable if the percentage of manganese in the
iron or steel is small several thousand castings can be made in them without any
visible injury but if the iron contains a large percentage of manganese the cast
iron moulds usually wear in the gate which then will have to be lined with
plumbago.
The moulds ought to be heated to a temperature of say 80° to 100° C. before the
commencement of the casting and covered at the inside with a thin layer of soot
which is effected by smoking them with naphtha or coal tar in the usual way. The
moulds are made with double walls between which steam is admitted at first so as
to heat the mould beforo casting and cold water afterwards whilst the casting is
going on to keep them cool.
Figure 1 represents such a mould in elevation the upper hinge in section.
Figure 2 is a plan, Figure 3 is a longitudinal section and Figure 4 a cross section
above the lock.

page_text: These figures show the arrangement common to all such moulds but the shape
These moulds
and size vary according to the shape and size of the castings.
consist of two halves of cast iron or soft steel united with the hinges a, a
and one or more locks . ', is the open space in which the metal is poured and r
the gate. To form the double walls cach mould half is cast with flanges round
about to which the plates y y are bolted. There are also some transverse
ribs, to regulate the circulation of the water and steam.
These ribs serve
also to strengthen the mould. The water is lead to the mould and away from
through the hollow pins a" of the hinge joints which pins communicate with
the passages in the mould halves and are provided with necessary flanges
and stuffing boxes. c is the supply pipe for the water and " for the steam. eis
the outlet. These pipes are provided with the necessary cocks "", ", k", to turn
off the water when the mould is to be heated by steam and to regulate the cooling.
The lock serves to hold the parts of the mould together for casting.
By means of lugs on the half of the mould without locks the mould may be
attached either to a casting wagon or to some other suitable support during the
casting process but that half of the mould which carries the lock ought to be free
so that the mould may be easily opened after casting.
Jacketted moulds formed as above described are applicable not only for castings
of steel or iron but also for castings of other metals such for example as tubes and
cylinders of brass, or of copper or alloys of copper.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1. Jacketted metal moulds made in parts jointed together and with water or
other fluid supplied thereto through the joint substantially as described.
2. Moulds of cast iron with thin projecting parts made of steel or wrought iron
and fixed in place within the cast iron body of the mould substantially as
described.