Galvanic Battery.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Sept., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 17th June, 1891-Accepted, 1st Aug., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Galvanic Battery.
I, JOHN PITT BAYLY, of 18 Fulham Place, Paddington, in the County of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention (a
communication to me from abroad by José Siliceo Jr., of Mexico, in the State
of Mexico, U.S.A. Inventor,) to be as follows:
This invention has reference to a new and improved galvanic battery, and it
consists in forming the cell at its upper end with two openings, a large central one,
and a smaller one at the side thereof. The openings are each provided with
upwardly extending flanges. A suitable conical-shaped porous cup provided around
its upper edge with an annular flange rests upon the flange of the larger opening to
the cell.
Placed within this conical-shaped cup-which extends into the liquid contained
within the battery-is a zinc rod, which is preferably made in sections, each section
having its ends tapped to receive the screw for connecting them together. The
smaller opening in the cell is designed to receive the carbon stick. The battery
thus constructed is charged with the ordinary fluid commonly employed.
Dated this 17th day of September 1890.
J. P. BAYLY,
Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Galvanic Battery.
I, JOHN PITT BAYLY, of 18 Fulham Place, Paddington, in the County of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention (a
communication to me from abroad by José Siliceo, Jr., of Mexico, in the State
of Mexico, U.S.A. Inventor,) and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Galvanic batteries have heretofore been made so that the porous cup and glass
jar are on the same level, and the concentrated solution of salts that are necessary
for acting upon the negative electrode percolates through the porous cup and
consumes rapidly, the positive electrode shortening the period of its efficacy.
The object of my invention is to so construct the battery as to have the solution
very concentrated in the negative electrode, where it is useful, and as weak as
possible at the positive electrode, so that the minimum of zinc is consumed, and the
chemicals employed last much longer.
The chemicals that I use in the battery are the bichromates of potash, or soda
and sulphuric-acid, to be put in the glass jar, and mercury in the porous cup. and
water in both, so that the specific gravity of chromic acid produced by the bichromate
and sulphuric acid insures a more perfect concentration at the bottom of the glass
jar, and purer but weaker solution at the top to percolate through the porous cup
and consume the zinc.
In the drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the cell or jar.
Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the porous cup.
Fio 3 is a perspective view of the zinc.

page_text: Fig. 7 is a vertical transverse section and alternative form of the porous cup.
Reference being had to the drawings, A represents a cylindrical or rectangular-
shaped jar, having a neck arising from its mouth, and provided with a smaller
opening b in the shoulder beside said neck a.
B represents a cup made of porous earthenware, which has the upper portion of
its sides covered with varnish, paraffine, or other suitable material, to fill the pores
thereof. This cup preferably tapers at the bottom, and has a flange projecting
laterally from its mouth, and is of such diameter that it can be set into the mouth
of jar Å so that the flange thereof rests upon and is supported by the upper edge
of neck a. When the jar is charged the porous cup is inserted in the solution.
I charge the jar with bichromate of potash, sulphuric acid, and water sufficient
to leave only one inch empty space in the jar, and insert down through the opening b
a carbon prism c, similar to those used in electric light apparatuses, until it rests
upon the bottom of the jar A. In the cup I place a prism of zinc C, Figs. 3 and 6,
and then pour in sufficient mercury to cover the lower end of the zinc (about two
ounces).
The conical shape of the lower end of the cup B enables me to use the smallest
possible quantity of mercury, and morcover permits the zinc C as it is consumed to
gravitate down into and conform to the shape of the bottom of the cup.
For convenience in making the connection I tap the upper end of both the carbon
and zinc, and screw into them the screws d and D, respectively. With these screws
engage two binding-nuts e between which and the zinc and carbon, respectively, are
clamped the wires E.
In order to enable me to use the entire prism of zinc I prefer to tap both ends
thereof (see Fig. 6) so that two sections can thus be connected by a screw plug D
and be entirely consumed. It makes no difference whether the cup is conical-
shaped at the bottom or not. I prefer the conical shape, however, because it
requires less mercury, and I construct the jar as shown, to reduce waste by
evaporation to a minimum.
If the cup were suspended in any other way than that shown the hole for the
insertion of the carbon might be dispensed with. As it is, however, it is prevented
by accident from approaching nearer the zinc.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. In an electric battery, the combination, with a jar, of a porous cup, having a
conical-shaped bottom, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
2. In an electric battery, the combination, with a jar A, having a neck a and a
hole beside said neck, of a porous cup B, having a lateral flange projecting from
its neck so that its flange rests upon and is supported by the upper edge of said
neck, as herein before described.
3. The combination, in an electric battery, with a jar A, having a neck a, a hole b,
and a cup B adapted to enter and be supported in said neck, as described, of the
carbon and zinc prisms adapted to enter said jar and cup respectively, and provided
with screws and nuts, as and for the purposes set forth.
4. In an electric battery, a zinc made in sections, having their ends tapped
longitudinally, and provided with a screw for connecting them.
Dated this 17th day of June 1891.
J. P. BAYLY,
Applicant.