CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR APPLYING STEAM AND_ ATMOSPHERIC AIR TO ACTUATING AND GOVERNING FORGE AND OTHER HAMMERS."
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Waterhouse, of Claremont Place, Sheffield,
in the County of York, Gentleman, for the Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR APPLYING STEAM AND_
ATMOSPHERIC AIR TO ACTUATING AND GOVERNING FORGE AND OTHER HAMMERS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Waterhouse
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 14th September 1857.
I, THOMAS WATERHOUSE, of Claremont Place, Sheffield, in the County of
York, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR APPLYING STEAM AND
ATMOSPHERIC AIR TO ACTUATING AND GOVERNING FORGE AND OTHER HAMMERS," to.
be as follows:-
These improvements consist in the employment of two cylinders and
pistons, the one a steam cylinder, and the other an atmospheric cylinder, and.
so arranged and combined that the hammer shall be actuated and governed as.
best adapted to the class of work subjected to the action of the hammer..
My improvements consist in combining the action of a steam cylinder used:
in directly actuating forge or other hammers with an air cylinder, in which
the air acting in the air cylinder is regulated and controlled by inlet and
outlet valves, for the purpose of varying the effect of such air cylinder upon
the forge or other hammer.
The steam cylinder I prefer to leave open at the top, and continue the
piston rod up to the piston of an air cylinder which is placed directly over the

page_text: steam cylinder. The air in this cylinder is admitted above the piston, so as
to exert greater or less downward pressure during the descent of the hammer,
or by allowing the air to escape from the upper part of the cylinder, and
excluding its admission during the descent to diminish the force of the fall of
the hammer. Instead of placing the one cylinder above the other, they may
be placed side by side or in any other suitable position, and their piston rods
connected by a cross head, lever, or other means to produce a similar effect.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Waterhouse in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
12th March 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
WATERHOUSE, of Claremont Place, Sheffield, in the County of York, Gentle-
man, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Thomas Waterhouse, Her special licence that I, the said
Thomas Waterhouse, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Thomas Waterhouse, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR APPLYING STEAM
AND ATMOSPHERIC AIR TO ACTUATING AND GOVERNING FORGE AND OTHER HAMMERS,'
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Thomas Waterhouse
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascer-
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Waterhouse, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following.

page_text: statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
My Invention relates to the employment of two cylinders and pistons, the
one a steam cylinder, and the other an atmospheric cylinder, and so arranged
and combined that the hammer shall be actuated and governed as best
adapted to the class of work subjected to the action of the hammer.
It consists in combining the action of a steam cylinder used in directly'
actuating forge or other hammers with an air cylinder, in which the air acting
in the air cylinder is regulated and controlled by inlet and outlet valves, for
the purpose of varying the effect of such air cylinder upon the forge or other
hammer.
The steam cylinder I prefer to leave open at the top, and continue the
piston rod up to the piston of an air cylinder, which is placed directly over
the steam cylinder. The air in this cylinder is admitted above the piston, so
as to exert greater or less downward pressure during the descent of the
hammer, or by allowing the air to escape from the upper part of the cylinder,-
and excluding its admission during the descent, the force of the fall of the
hammer will be diminished. Instead of placing the one cylinder above the
other, they may be placed side by side, or in any other suitable position, and
their piston rods connected by a cross head, lever, or other means to produce
a similar effect.
The Drawing annexed represes in detail a hammer actuated by means of
a steam cylinder and an air cylinder combined, and arranged according to my
Invention.
Fig. 1 represents a front elevation of the hammer complete; Fig. 2, an
end elevation of the same; Fig. 3, a transverse vertical section of Fig. 1,
through the line a, b; Fig. 4, a horizontal section on the line c, d; and Fig. 5,
a plan of the top of the air cylinder.
This hammer, as far as regards the action of the steam upon it, is precisely
similar to ordinary steam hammers; the steam being admitted below the
steam piston, and permitted to escape, alternately raises the hammer and then
permits it to fall. A is the steam cylinder, and B, the piston of the same.
The cylinder A is mounted at the top and between two frames C, as in
ordinary steam hammers. The ingress and egress of the steam to the steam
cylinder is regulated and controlled by the throttle valve D, and slide valve E,
by the hand gear, or by the gear rendered self-acting by the motion of the
hammer, as well understood in the working of steam hammers. This gear
represented in the Drawings, but being so well known it will be unnecessary
herein to enter into any description thereof. F is the air-pressure cylinder
is

page_text: which is mounted on the top of the steam hammer on two uprights G, G,
firmly bolted on the top of the side frames by through bolts H, H, which bolts
also fix the air cylinder F in position. The piston I of the air cylinder is
fixed on the rod K, on which also is fixed the piston B of the steam cylin-
der A, this rod being a continuation of the piston rod M. The air cylinder F
is fitted with an adjustable head, piston, or partition P, and has the ingress and
egress of air above the piston I regulated and controlled precisely in the
manner described in the Specification of Letters Patent, granted to me by.
Her most Gracious Majesty, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of May, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, which Specification was duly filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office, on or about the Twenty-sixth day of November,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five. As the use and application of
the air cylinder and parts connected therewith, the manner of controlling,
and the effect of the pressure of air exerted thereby, is similar to that fully
and clearly described in the before-mentioned Specification, I will not here
repeat the description of such air cylinder, the feature of improvement in the
present Invention being simply the combination of an air cylinder furnished
with parts, and employed as described in the Specification before referred to,
with a steam cylinder for supplying the motive power, as herein-before
described and represented in the Drawings hereunto annexed, instead of
actuating the hammer by cams or other indirect means, as described in the
Specification of my former Patent herein-before referred to.
Having described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of perform-
ing the same, I declare that what I claim as the Invention to be secured
under the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the combination of
a steam cylinder and an air cylinder, for actuating and governing forge and
other hammers as before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Waterhouse, have hercunto set
my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
Witness,
WILLIAM CLARK, Patent Agent,
53, Chancery Lane, London.
T. WATERHOUSE.
(L.S.)