Improvements in or relating to Printing Machines.
Year: 1897

page_text: Improvements in or relating to Printing Machines.
A communication from ALFRED SCHMAUDER, of Paris, in the Republic of France,
Printer.
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT, of 111, Hatton Garden, in the County of Middlesex,
Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to an improved printing-machine for printing with
movable type on one side only of the paper which machine can be worked at a
considerably greater speed than the printing-machines hitherto constructed and
requires much less hand-work.
The different parts of the machine according to the present invention are
arranged on and supported by a frame consisting of two uprights or standards
resting on a suitable foundation and suitably strengthened in front, at the back
and in the middle by cross-frames. One side of the machine carries the toothed
wheels by means of which motion is transmitted to the different parts which are
driven from a horizontal shaft supported outside the main standard by a bracket
and inside the standard, in a bearing secured to the frame-work forming the
central stay. The shaft receives its motion from a fast pulley keyed on it and
carries, beside a fly-wheel, two toothed wheels one of which, which is a spur-
wheel, effects the continuous rotary motion of the impression cylinder through two
intermediate wheels one of which is keyed on the shaft of the cylinder, and the
other, which is a bevel wheel, produces the reciprocating rectilinear motion of the
type-bed by means of special mechanism hereinafter more fully described.
The cylinder is longitudinally divided on its surface into two equal parts one
of which is of such diameter as to come in contact with the type while the other
half is of smaller diameter so as to enable the type to return without coming in
contact with the said half cylinder. As in this machine the cylinder revolves in
a continuous manner a rectilinear advance movement at a speed equal to the
peripheral speed of the cylinder has to be given to the type bed during the print-
ing of the sheet, that is to say, during the half revolution of said cylinder corre-
sponding to its contact with the type and the following operations must be per-
formed during the second half revolution that is to say when the cylinder is
not in contact with the type; disengaging the printed sheet return of the former
inking the type and taking up another sheet to be printed. These different
operations are performed by the cooperation of the following parts.
The stays carry longitudinally of the machine two tracks arranged to guide the
rollers of the type bed in its reciprocating motion. The central stay serves to
support a vertical shaft supported and rotating at the bottom in a step bearing.
secured to the stay while the upper end of said shaft rotates in a vertical bearing

page_text: secured to the upper portion of said stay or frame which moreover is provided
with a circular plate on which is secured a disc having a cam groove the function
of which will be hereinafter explained. The vertical shaft carries below its lower
bearing a bevel-wheel engaging with a pinion on the driving shaft and at the
upper end a disc keyed to it, said disc being provided with a radial groove in
which is movable a bearing block carrying a pin provided at the bottom with a
roller engaging with the cam groove of the lower disc. The pin is provided at
the top with a bearing block engaging with a corresponding slot in an oscillating
lever pivotted in the standard said slot being of a depth equal to say half the
thickness of the lever. Another sleeve or bearing block carried by the pin of
the type bed also engages with the upper part of the slot in the lever in the
remaining half of its thickness, that is to say above the lower bearing block of
which however, it is absolutely independent.
The cam groove of the cam is of such shape that the type bed is caused, by
the intermediate lever to make two movements one to bring it under the cylinder
during the impression and the other the non-operative return movement. The
portion of the cam groove operative during the return of the bed is comprised in
the portion opposite the point of attachment of the lever. A distance between
two points in the cam groove is chosen equal to the extent of half of the circum-
ference of the cylinder the result being that these points respectively correspond
to the points of the cylinder coming into and out of contact with the type bed
during the impression period and the curve comprised between these points must
cause the lever to oscillate, the bearing block of the type bed sliding in said lever
with an angular velocity exactly corresponding to the circumferential velocity of
the cylinder.
The other say upper portion of the cam comprised between these points has to
produce three stages; the release of the sheet from the bed, the return of the
latter and the engagement of another sheet, all this taking place during the
second half revolution of the cylinder. To produce these three stages during
the rotating of the cylinder which revolves in a uniform and continuous manner,
the cam groove is of such shape that the roller engaging with it is capable of
causing the lever to oscillate and consequently the type bed to move so as to
produce a perfect contact of the latter with the cylinder without any friction.
It must be pointed out that the half revolution of the cylinder begins at the
moment when the roller has arrived at its extreme side position but as from this
point to the point at which the cam groove moves out of its circular course and
which is the tangent point of the groove with the line drawn from the point of
attachment of the lever the latter continues to cause the bed to make its out-
ward journey, it will be easily understood that during this time the cylinder
which was still in contact with the type bed at the moment when the roller was
at its extreme side position will in continuing to rotate, cease to touch the type
owing to its now reduced diameter during the time that the roller travels between
the points above mentioned. From this point the roller in continuing its course
will cause the lever to oscillate in the opposite direction whereby the type bed
will return to the point which is the other point of the tangent to the groove.
drawn from the centre of rotation of the lever said return being effected during
the time that the cylinder rotates in an inoperative manner that is to say when
its half having the reduced diameter is over the type bed. The roller will then
cause the lever to oscillate in the opposite direction and consequently the type
bed to move to print another sheet. At this moment the larger portion of the
cylinder comes in contact with the type bed. The co-operation of all theso
motions solves the long unsolved problem of obtaining synchronism in the move-
ments of the cylinder and bed of suppressing the dead points in rapidly driving
and returning said bed. It must be pointed out that the point of attachment
of the bed may be arranged so as to make the outward journey greater although
using the same cam.
The type bed consists of two parts one being the bed or carriage proper travel-

page_text: ling on tracks and the other being a movable frame forming the mould into
which are placed the type.
The mould comprises a bottom perfectly flat and surrounded by a framing
between the sides of which are arranged and secured lines of type and blocks.
This mould is made independent of the carriage in order to facilitate setting,
and is connected to said carriage for printing by means of two screws arranged in
front and at the back and screwed from underneath so as to render the connection
strong and unalterable. In order to enable the machine to be worked at a com-
paratively great speed which is the chief characteristic aim of the invention
without impairing the strength of the driving parts after a very short time the
whole of the bed had to be made as light as possible which is attained by making
it of some light metal such as aluminium, romanium, or any other suitable metal
so that in this way the momentum of the bed and carriage at the beginning and
end of its course is reduced as much as possible although the influence of this
momentum is already considerably decreased by the previously described
arrangement of driving parts actuating said bed.
The main object in view being to produce a machine capable of making a
large number of impressions per hour and considerably diminishing at the same
time the amount of hand-work necessary, it was found advantageous to use a
continuous band of paper arranged on reels and to replace the work of an atten-
dant by using some automatic device which seizes the sheet when it comes off
the reel, cuts it, lays it round the cylinder and brings it against the fly-frame.
In order, however, to enable this machine to be used with a device feeding
sheets of paper forward instead of from reels as described, there may be arranged
at the back of the machine an automatic device of any desired construction for
automatically seizing the sheets; thus, for instance, the ball-system usually
employed in some classes of machines may be used; the device for distributing
the paper hereinafter described being retained.
This paper feeding device is actuated from the main gearing by a series of
intermediate pinions the last of which has keyed on its shaft another, smaller
pinion engaging with a pinion of a "cutter" roller in the longitudinal surface
of which is inserted or formed the female portion of a cutter secured to an upper
second roller in contact with it and the pinion of which engages with the pinion of
the other roller so that they both revolve together. The spindle of the upper
roller carries a cam imparting an oscillating movement to the fly-frame by means
of a lever and link, the rising of the fly-frame taking place under the action of a
spring arranged at the side of the main frame. The spindle of the upper cutter
roller also carries, at its other end another pinion engaging with a pinion on the
spindle of a feed roller in contact with a second roller, the pressure of the latter
against the under roller being regulated by a screw. These rollers draw off the
paper from the reel and feed it under the cutter rollers which cut it into sheets
of the required length according to the sizes of the gear wheels which are inter-
changeable.
The two cutting cylinders do not touch each other, consequently they do not
have any influence on the motion of the sheet, the size of the latter is therefore
determined solely by the feeding rollers and varies according to the relative size
of the toothed wheels geared thereto.
The feeding movement of the sheet is effected by a series of rollers about which
are wound cords or bands and which are arranged so as to form a movable track
for the paper in its different stages.
"
The motion of these rollers is produced by the spur wheel on the printing
cylinder axle engaging with an intermediate pinion driving one of the "entering"
rollers near the cylinder as well as another intermediate pinion actuating two
other rollers the first being one of the "coming out" of the cylinder and the
other one of the impression after the printed sheet has been seized by the fly
frame.
The paper feed is constituted by several series of endless cords or bands to

page_text: which a continuous motion is communicated by the main driving gear. The
first series is constituted by rollers which act to move the sheet which has just
been cut and to deliver it to the cylinder. Two of these rollers have their pinions
driven by a pinion which in its turn is driven by one of the spur wheels of the
main gearing through an intermediate pinion. The second series consists of
rollers two of which are driven by an intermediate pinion actuating the pinions
keyed on their spindles. In this series which may consist say of 11 cords, three
cords pass round the cylinder one at each end and one in the middle then in
contact with a guide roller then upwards over another roller and descend again
to the lower roller and pass around the latter in order to pass again round the
cylinder when the sheet is on the latter, the three cords pass under said sheet;
the 8 other cords leave the lower roller in order to rise to the upper roller and
then to descend round another roller to the first roller and return to the upper
roller. The third group consists of a series of rollers the cords of this group
being elastic and their advance movement is produced by the guide roller actuated
as before described. It must be observed that these cords are juxtaposed to those
of the preceding series from the beginning of the issue of the sheet from the
cylinder until said sheet is brought to the fly-flame. Nine of these cords pass
under an upper rod the two other those at the ends-pass against a second rod
to enable two other endless cords to be arranged which pass under the upper rod
descend and pass round lower roller the spindles of which are movably mounted
on each side of the standards for the purpose of enabling sheets of different sizes
to pass. The two latter cords hold the sheet at each of its extremities until the
fly-frame seizes said sheet and placed it on the table.
In order to facilitate the starting of the press and the dressing of the cylinder
one of the rollers is supported on the end of symmetrical levers pivotted in such
manner that when said lever-arms are raised the roller and the cords guided on
it, can be sufficiently raised from the surface of the cylinder to allow the operations
aforementioned to be performed.
The whole of the parts previously described is completed by an inking
apparatus which neither in its construction nor in its action has any novel features
as compared to apparatus used hitherto.
It is advisable however to observe that in the machine according to the present
invention the movement of the type bed does not allow with the inking device
referred to the inking of the form over the whole of its length but only over
about two thirds which is more than sufficient for the impression of certain sizes
of paper or printing but would not be sufficient for larger sizes necessitating
inking of the whole form. To obviate this drawback it is suggested when the
form has to be inked throughout its whole length to arrange behind the
cylinder a second inking apparatus which would complete the action of the first
one by inking that portion of the form not inked by the first one.
There is, however, another way of attaining the inking of the whole surface of
the form by means of one inking apparatus consisting in making the cam groove
of the cam actuating the type bed of such shape that said bed can come out
sufficiently to enable the inking of the whole form to be effected. It must how-
ever be observed that the withdrawal of the bed ought to be reduced as much as
possible in order to increase the speed of the machine and that consequently it is
advisable to keep to the one sided inking with reduced movement of the bed for
small sizes and to the inking at both sides for larger sizes.
In order to enable the impression to be effected on both sides of the sheet the
machine may be whilst preserving the herein before described essential charac-
teristics of a single cylinder press combined with an arrangement of cylinders
of which one will carry a cylindrical printing surface which arrangement com-
bined with any suitable device will work in the manner of the rotary presses
which are so much in use at present; this arrangement of cylinders enables
the text to be printed on one side of the sheet by means of the cylindrical printing

page_text: surface and engraving or other flat movable compositions to be printed on the
other side as herein before described.
Dated this 12th day of October 1897
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in or relating to Printing Machines.
A communication from ALFRED SCHMAUDER, of Paris, in the Republic of France,
Printer.
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT, of 111, Hatton Garden, in the County of Middlesex,
Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to an improved printing machine for printing with
movable type on one side only of the paper which machine can be worked at a
considerably greater speed than the printing machines hitherto constructed and
requires much less hand-work.
In the accompanying drawing Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the printing-press
according to the present invention, looking from the side on which the driving
gear is arranged.
of Fig. 2.
Fig. 2 is a front-elevation from the side on which the type-bed is situated.
Fig. 3 is a side-elevation in vertical section on line
Fig. 4 is a horizontal cross section on the line y z of Fig. 3.
The different parts of the machine according to the present invention are
arranged on and supported by a frame consisting of two uprights or standards A A¹
resting on a suitable foundation and suitably strengthened in front, at the back
and in the middle by cross-frames or stays A2 A³ A. One side of the machine A
carries the toothed wheels by means of which motion is transmitted to the different
parts which are driven from a horizontal shaft B, supported outside the main
standard A by a bracket 13 (Figs. 2 and 4) and inside the standard in a bearing B²
(Fig. 2) secured to the frame-work A³ forming the central stay. The shaft B
receives its motion from a fast pulley B³ keyed on it and carries, in addition to
a fly-wheel 13+, two toothed wheels 135 136 one of which 15, which is a spur-wheel,
effects the continuous rotary motion of the impression cylinder C through two
intermediate wheels B7 and 138 (the latter being keyed on the shaft of the
cylinder C), and the former B, which is a bevel wheel, producing the recipro-
cating rectilinear motion of the type-bed D by means of special mechanism herein-
after more fully described.
The cylinder C is longitudinally divided on its surface into two equal parts one
of which C is of such diameter as to come in contact with the type D while the
other half C is of smaller diameter so as to enable the type to return without
coming in contact with the said half cylinder. As in this machine the cylinder
revolves in a continuous manner, a rectilinear advance-movement at a speed
equal to the peripheral speed of the cylinder C has to be given to the type bed D
during the printing of the sheet, that is to say during the half revolution of the
cylinder C corresponding to its contact with the type bed D, and the following
operations must be performed during the second half-revolution, that is to say
when the cylinder C is not in contact with the type, disengaging the printed
sheet, return of the type-bed, inking and taking up another sheet to be printed.

page_text: These different operations are performed by the cooperation of the following
parts:
-
The stays A² A carry longitudinally of the machine, two tracks E F arranged
to guide the rollers EF of the type-bed in its reciprocating motion. The central
stay A³ serves to support a vertical shaft G supported and rotating at the bottom
in a step-bearing G₁ in or secured to the stay A³, while the upper end of said
shaft rotates in a vertical bearing G2 secured to the upper portion of said stay or
frame A³ which moreover is provided with a circular plate A5 on which is secured
a disc H having a cam groove H¹, the function of which will be hereinafter ex-
plained. The vertical shaft G carries below its bearing G2 a bevel wheel G³
engaging with a pinion B6 on the driving shaft B, and at the upper end a disc I
keyed to it, said disc I being provided with a radial groove I¹ in which is movable
a bearing block J carrying a pin J₁ provided at the bottom with a roller J2
engaging with the cam-groove H of the lower disc H. The pin J¹ is provided at
the top with a bearing block J engaging with a corresponding slot L2 in an
oscillating lever L pivoted at L' in the standard A', said slot being of a depth
equal to say, half the thickness of the lever L. Another sleeve or bearing block K
carried by a pin on the type bed I also engages in the upper part of the slot, L³
in the lever L, in the remaining half of its thickness, that is to say above the
lower bearing block J, of which, however, it is absolutely independent.
The cam-groove H¹ of the cam H is of such shape that the type bed D is caused,
by the intermediate lever L to make two movements, one to bring it under the
cylinder C during the impression, and the other the non-operative return move-
ment. The portion of the cam-groove H' operative during the return of the
bed D is comprised in the portion opposite the point of attachment L' of the
lever L (Fig. 4), beginning at a and ending at e passing over b, the points a and c
being on the axis of the rotating disc I. corresponding to the longitudinal axis
of the machine. The distance from ato e in a straight line is chosen equal to
the length of half of the circumference of the cylinder C, the result being that
these points a and c respectively correspond to the points of the cylinder coming
into and out of contact with the type bed D, during the impression period, and
the curve comprised, between a and c must cause the lever L to oscillate, the
bearing block K of the type bed D sliding in said lever with an angular velocity
exactly corresponding to the circumferential velocity of the cylinder C.
The other portion of the cam comprised between the points c and a passing
over d, has to produce three stages: the release of the sheet from the bed, the
return of the latter, and the engagement of another sheet, all this taking place
during the second half-revolution of the of the cylinder. To effect these three opera-
tions during the rotation of the cylinder which revolves in a uniform and con-
tinuous manner, the cam-groove His of such shape that the roller J2 engaging
with it is capable of causing the lever L to oscillate and consequently the type
bed D to move so as to produce a perfect contact of the latter with the cylinder C
without friction or slipping. It must be pointed out that the half-revolution of
the cylinder C begins at the moment when the roller J2 has arrived at the point c
but, as from this point c to c¹ which is the tangent point of the groove with the
line drawn from the point of attachment of the lever L, the latter continues to
cause the bed to make its outward journey, it will be easily seen that during this
time the cylinder C which was still in contact with the type bed D at the moment
when the roller J2 was at c, will in continuing to rotate, cease to touch the type
owing to its now reduced half C² coming over the type bed during the time that the
roller J2 travels between the points c and c¹. From the point c' the roller J2 in
continuing its course will cause the lever L to oscillate in the opposite direction,
whereby the type bed D will return to the point 11 which is the other point of
the tangent to the groove H', drawn from the centre of rotation L' of the lever L
said return being effected during the time that the cylinder rotates in an inopera-
tive manner, that is to say when its half 2 having the reduced diameter over the
type-bed. From the point a¹ to the point a the roller J2 will cause the lever L

page_text: to oscillate in the opposite direction and consequently the type bed D to move
to print another sheet which impression will begin only when the roller J2 has
arrived at the point a. At this moment the larger portion C₁ of the cylinder C
comes in contact with the type bed D. The cooperation of all these motions
solves the long unsolved problem of obtaining synchronism in the movements of
the cylinder and bed D and of suppressing the dead points in rapidly driving
and returning said bed 1). It must be pointed out that the point of attachment
of the bed I may be arranged so as to make the outward journey greater although
using the same cam.
The type bed D consists of two parts, one D' being the bed or carriage proper
travelling on tracks F and the other 2 being a movable frame forming the
chase into which are placed the types.
The chase D2 comprises a bottom 1 perfectly flat and surrounded by a framing
between the sides of which are arranged and secured lines of type and blocks.
This frame or chase is made independent of the carriage in order to facilitate
setting, and is connected to said carriage for printing, by two screws D+ arranged
in front and at the back and screwed from underneath so as to render the con-
nection strong and rigid. In order to enable the machine to be worked at a com-
paratively great speed, which is the chief characteristic aim of the invention,
without impairing the strength of the driving parts after a very short time, the
whole of the bed I had to be made as light as possible, which is attained by
making it of some light metal such as aluminium, or any other suitable metal,
so that in this way the momentum of the bed and carriage at the beginning and
end of its course is reduced as much as possible, although the influence of the
nementum is already considerably decreased by the previously described
arrangement of driving parts actuating said bed.
The main object in view being to produce a machine capable of making a
large number of impressions per hour and considerable diminishing at the same
time the amount of hand-work necessary, it has been found advantageous to use
a continuous band of paper arranged on reels and to replace the work of an
attendant by using an automatic device which seizes the sheet when it comes
off the reel M, cuts it, lays it round the cylinder C and brings it against the
fly-frame N.
:
In order, however, to enable this machine to be used with a device feeding
sheets of paper forwards instead of from reels as described, there may be arranged
at the back of the machine an automatic device of any desired construction for
automatically seizing the sheets; thus for instance, the ball-system usually
employed in some classes of machines may be used the device for distributing
the paper hereinafter described being retained.
This paper feeding device is actuated by the gear B7 and intermediate
pinions P P1 P2 P3 P4, the latter pinion having keyed on its shaft another smaller
pinion P5 engaging with a pinion Q of a roller Q in the longitudinal surface of
which is inserted or formed a female portion or recess e to receive the bevel edge
of a cutter f secured to an upper roller R¹ the pinion R of which engages with the
pinion Q, so that they revolve together. The spindle of the upper roller R¹
carries a cam R2 imparting an oscillating movement to the fly-frame N by means
of a lever Q2 and link Q3 the rising of the fly-frame taking place under the action
of a spring Q (Fig. 2) arranged at the side of the main frame A¹. The spindle
of the upper cutter roller R₁ also carries, at its other end a pinion R³ engaging
with a pinion R on the spindle of a feed roller S (Fig. 3) in contact with a
second roller S¹, the pressure of the latter against the under roller S being
regulated by a screw. These rollers S S draw off the paper from the reel M and
feed it between the cutter rollers R Q which cut it into sheets of the required
length according to the sizes of the gear wheels R³ R which can be changed
according to the size sheet required.
The two cutting cylinders R¹ and Q¹ do not touch each other, consequently they
do not have any influence on the motion of the sheet, the size of the latter is

page_text: therefore determined solely by the feeding rollers S and S¹ and varies according
to the relative size of the toothed wheels R R* geared thereto.
The feeding movement of the sheet is effected by a series of rollers about which
are wound cords or bands and which are arranged so as to form a movable track
for the paper at its different stages.
The motion of these rollers is produced by the spur wheel B8 on the printing
cylinder axle, engaging with an intermediate pinion T driving one of the
entering" rollers near the cylinder as well as another intermediate pinion T
actuating two other rollers T3 T4, the first T3 of which is keyed to a roller V1
causing the movement of the cords for drawing out the paper from the cylinder,
and the other T, keyed to a roller V3 causing the movement of the cords drawing
out the printed sheet after it has been seized by the fly-frame N.
The paper-feed is constituted by several series of endless cords or bands to
which a continuous motion is communicated by the main driving gear. The
first series is constituted by rollers U U₁ U2 U3 which carry the sheet which has
just been cut and deliver it to the cylinder C. Two of these rollers U₁ U³ have
their pinions T5 T6 driven by the pinion T¹ which in its turn is driven by the
gear 138 of the cylinder C through the intermediate pinion T as already described.
The second series consists of rollers V V1 V2 V3, two of which V₁ and V3 are
driven by the intermediate pinion T2 actuating the pinions T T keyed on their
spindles. In this series which in the example illustrated consists of 11 cords,
three cords pass round the cylinder, one at each end and one in the middle, then
in contact with the roller V, then upwards over the roller V2 and descend again
to the lower roller T and pass between the latter and the roller U¹ in order to
pass again round the cylinder C; when the sheet is on the latter, the three cords
pass under said sheet; the other cords leave the roller T in order to rise to the
upper roller V2 and then to descend round the roller V³ to the first roller V2. The
third group consists of a series of rollers V1 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9, the cords of this
group being elastic, and their advance movement is produced by the roller V1
actuated as indicated before. It must be observed that these cords are juxtaposed
to those of the preceding series from the beginning of the issue of the sheet from
the cylinder until said sheet is brought to the fly-frame. Nine of these cords
pass under the rod V the two others those at the ends--pass against the rod V8
to enable two other endless cords to be arranged which pass under the rod V9
descend and pass round a lower roller V10 the spindles of which are movably
mounted on each side of the standards A A' for the purpose of enabling sheets
of different sizes to pass. The two latter cords hold the sheet at each of its
extremities until the fly-frame N seizes said sheet and places it on the table.
In order to facilitate the starting of the press and the dressing of the cylinder C
one of the rollers V is supported on the end of symmetrical levers V pivotted
at V in such manner that when said lever-arms are raised, the roller V* and the
cords carried on it, can be sufficiently raised from the surface of the cylinder C
to allow the operations mentioned to be performed.
The whole of the parts previously described is completed by an inking
apparatus which neither in its construction nor in its action has any novel
features over apparatus used hitherto.
It is advisable however to observe that in the machine according to the present
invention, the movement of the type bed does not allow, with the inking device
referred to, the inking of the form over the whole of its length, but only over
about two thirds which is more than sufficient for the impression of certain sizes
of paper or printing, but would not be sufficient for larger sizes necessitating
inking of the whole form. To obviate this drawback, it is suggested when the
form has to be inked throughout its whole length to arrange behind the
cylinder C as shown in the drawing at Y-a second inking apparatus which
would complete the action of the first one by inking that portion of the form not
inked by the first apparatus.
There is, however, another way of attaining the inking of the whole surface

page_text: of the form by means of one inking apparatus consisting in making the cam-
groove H of the cam H actuating the type bed, from the point e to the point d,
of such shape that said bed can come out sufficiently to enable the inking of the
whole form to be effected. It must however, be observed that the withdrawal
or travel of the bed ought to be reduced as much as possible in order to increase
the speed of the machine, and that, consequently, it is advisable to keep to the one-
sided inking with reduced movement of the bed for small sizes and to the inking
at both sides for larger sizes.
In order to enable the impression to be effected on both sides of the sheet, the
machine may be whilst preserving the herein before described essential charac-
teristics of a single cylinder-press-combined with an arrangement of cylinders
of which one will carry a cylindrical printing surface, which arrangement, com-
bined with any suitable, device, will work in the manner of the rotary presses
which are so much in use at present; this arrangement of cylinders enables the
text to be printed on one side of the sheet by means of the cylindrical printing
surface and engraving or other flat movable compositions to be printed on the
other side as herein before described.
It is obvious that the parts may be arranged so as to print vertically, instead
of horizontally as shown in the accompanying drawings.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is:-
1. In a printing machine the arrangement of a cylinder driven independently
of the type-bed with which said cylinder cooperates, the cylinder making one
complete revolution during one reciprocation of the bed.
2. A printing machine of the kind described, the construction of the type bed
in two sections one of which can be completely detached to enable the chase to
be easily removed from the machine substantially as described.
3. In a printing machine of the kind described the arrangement of means for
feeding the paper to the printing cylinder at the lower instead of at the upper
part of the cylinder, substantially as described.
4. Means for giving to the cylinder a uniform continuous rotary motion, while
the reciprocating motion of the type-bed is irregular, being quicker during the
return than during the advance, only one portion of its travel corresponding in
speed to the rotary speed of the cylinder, substantially as described.
5. Means for imparting the irregular motion to the type bed, substantially
as described.
6. The arrangement of parts for obtaining the motions described in a vertical
plane instead of in horizontal plane whereby the paper may be printed when in a
vertical position, substantially as described.
7. In a machine of the kind described means for unwinding a continuous
length of paper at a constant speed and cutting off in sheets of variable length
before the printing operation, substantially as described.
8. A reciprocating type-bed and a rotary impression cylinder having one half
of its longitudinal surface of less diameter than the other, and means for moving
the two independently in the desired relation one to the other, substantially as
described.
9. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting the complete print-
ing machine, substantially as described or illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.