IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES AND PUMPS
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Kinsey, of Brighton, Engineer, for the Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES AND PUMPS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Kinsey at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th October 1858.
I, JOHN KINSEY, of Brighton, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES AND PUMPS," to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of
locomotive and other steam engines, and to pumps working in connection
with steam or other engines, and consists in a novel arrangement and com-
bination of the plunger and barrel of a pump with a piston and piston rod of
the motive power engine, by which a direct pumping action is effected; a
simpler and stronger arrangement of working parts connected with the
cylinder, piston, and piston rod gear is enabled to be made, and the reduction
in the number of parts and wearing surfaces requiring attention and adjust-
ment, and by which also considerable economy in the first cost, as well as in
the wear and tear is effected in the engines so fitted.
The same principle of arrangement and combination hereafter described

page_text: as suitable for a locomotive engine is, with suitable modification, according to
the form and description of engine, equally applicable to other descriptions of
locomotive, as also to other forms of steam or other motive power engines.
By way of illustrating my Invention, I prefer to take, for example, its
application to an ordinary form of locomotive engine, but it must be varied to
suit the particular form or description of engine to which it has to be applied.
Instead of constructing the piston rod in the ordinary manner as applied in
locomotive engines, I use a hollow piston rod of suitably large diameter, and
I fit upon the outer end thereof the cross head; the hollow piston rod may be
bushed at the ends for the purpose of working upon the inner rod or piston
bar. I employ a central rod of steel or iron turned parallel from end to end,
the one end being secured to the outer cover of cylinder, whilst the other end is
attached to a motion plate guide piece or bracket, and as it passes through the
center of the hollow piston rod and piston, they together work or slide back
and forward upon the said piston bar or rod to the extent of the stroke of
the piston.
The piston bar or center rod fitted as before described, acts as a stay, and
ties the cylinder and framing together by means of the motion plate, guide
piece or bracket, it being screwed or otherwise fastened thereinto. The end
of the piston bar or center rod which is attached to the motion plate, guide
piece, or bracket, instead of being solid, is bored to a depth and of a diameter
sufficient to form the barrel of a feed pump, and to this end which may pass
through the motion plate or its equivalent sufficiently far for the purpose, the
gland and valve box may be attached, the pump plunger or ram working
through the same; or the valve box, stuffing box, and gland of plunger may
be attached by any other suitable means. I prefer to work the forked con-
necting rod from the cross-head attached to the hollow piston rod as before
mentioned, the brasses or eyes of the forked ends being fitted in two parts, and
the plunger or ram of the feed pump may be worked by means of a link or
strap on each side of the hollow piston rod, or working upon or attached to
the cross-head of piston rod, either by having suitably large eyes formed in the
ends of each link, suited to work on a shoulder formed to work inside the
connecting rod journals, or in any other suitable manner, the other end of each
of the pump links or straps being connected to the plunger end by any
suitable means. Thus I am enabled to work the plunger of the pump with
the same stroke of the engine piston, and the whole of the pumping arrange-
ment, including the pump barrel, the plunger, the valve box, and the side
straps or links for communicating motion from the plunger to the pump
within the width of the forked connecting rod. Suitable glands are applied to

page_text: the cylinder cover and to the end of the hollow piston rod, for preventing the
escape of steam; and I prefer to apply a metal bush to the piston to surround
the piston bar or center rod, for the purpose of facilitating the adjustment and
compensating for the wear at that point; and by turning an annular groove or
recess in the piston, or in the piston and also in the end of the metal bush, I
introduce hemp or other compressible packing therein.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Kinsey in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 27th
April 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
KINSEY, of Brighton, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said John Kinsey, Her special licence that I, the said John Kinsey,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
John Kinsey, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEAM ENGINES AND PUMPS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said John Kinsey, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calender months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Kinsey, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying Drawing:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of
locomotive and other steam engines, as herein-after described, and to pumps
working in connection with steam or other engines, and consists in a novel
arrangement and combination of the plunger and barrel of a pump, with a

page_text: piston and piston rod of the motive power engine, by which a direct pumping
action is effected; a simpler and stronger arrangement of working parts con-
nected with the cylinder, piston, and piston rod gear, is enabled to be made,
and a reduction in the number of parts and wearing surfaces requiring
attention and adjustment, and by which also considerable economy in the first
cost, as well as in the wear and tear is effected in engines so fitted.
The same principle of arrangement and combination hereafter described as
suitable for a locomotive engine is, with suitable modification, according to the
form and description of engine, equally applicable to other descriptions of
locomotives, as also to other forms of steam or other motive power engines.
By way of illustrating my Invention, I prefer to take, for example, its
application to an ordinary form of locomotive engine; but it must be varied
to suit the particular form or description of engine to which it has to be
applied. Instead of constructing the piston rod in the ordinary manner as
applied in locomotive engines, I use a hollow piston rod of suitably large
diameter, and I fit upon the outer end thereof the cross-head; the hollow
piston rod may be bushed at the ends, for the purpose of working upon the
inner or piston bar; I employ a central rod of steel or iron, turned parallel
from end to end, the one end being secured to the outer cover of cylinder,
whilst the other end is attached to a motion plate, guide piece, or bracket;
and as it passes through the centre of the hollow piston rod and piston, they
together work or slide back and forward upon. the said piston bar or rod, to
the extent of the stroke of the piston.
The piston bar or centre rod, fitted as before described, acts as a stay, and
ties the cylinder and framing together, by means of the motion plate, guide
piece, or bracket, it being screwed or otherwise fastened thereunto at the one
end, whilst at the other end it is secured to the outer cover of the cylinder;
the hollow piston rod sliding upon the piston bar or centre rod, and having the
cross-head at its outer end, and having the forked end of the connecting rod
attached thereto; the ordinary guide bars and guide blocks are superceded,
and the number and extent of wearing surfaces is thereby reduced, and a more
direct action between the piston and the crank ensured, whilst the facility for
maintaining the correct wearing and working of the cylinder, piston, and other
working parts connected therewith, is materially increased. For the purpose
of combining the advantage of a direct-acting feed pump with the arrange-
ment just described, the end of the piston bar or centre rod which is attached
to the motion plate, guide piece, or bracket, instead of being solid is bored to
a depth and of a diameter sufficient to form the barrel of a feed pump, and
to this end, which may pass through the motion plate or its equivalent,

page_text: I
sufficiently for the purpose, the gland and valve box may be attached, the
pump plunger or ram working through the same; or the valve box, stuffing
box, and gland of plunger may be attached by any other suitable means.
prefer to work the forked connecting rod from the cross-head attached to the
hollow piston rod, as before mentioned; the brasses or eyes of the forked ends
being fitted in two parts, and the plunger or ram of the feed pump may be
worked by means of a link or strap on each side of the hollow piston rod, or
working upon or attached to the cross-head of piston rod, either by having
suitably large eyes formed in the ends of each link, suited to work on a
shoulder, formed to work inside the connecting rod journals, or in any other
suitable manner, the other end of each of the pump links or straps being con-
nected to the plunger end by any suitable means; thus, I am enabled to work
the plunger of the pump with the same stroke as the engine piston, and
combine the whole of the pumping arrangement, including the pump barrel,
the plunger, the valve box, and the side straps or links, for communicating
motion from the plunger to the pump within the width of the forked con-
necting rod. Suitable glauds are applied to the cylinder cover and to the
end of the hollow piston rod, for preventing the escape of steam; and I prefer
to apply a metal bush to the piston, to surround the piston bar or centre rod,
for the purpose of facilitating the adjustment and compensating for the wear
at that point; and by turning an annular groove or recess in the piston, or in
the piston and also in the end of the metal bush, I may introduce hemp or
other compressible packing therein.
:
In the accompanying Drawing, Fig. 1 exhibits a horizontal longitudinal
section of a steam cylinder, piston, and connecting rod, the pump arrange-
ment being shewn within the forked end of the connecting rod; Fig. 2 is a
sectional side elevation to an enlarged scale, of the plunger, bracket plate,
and valve box; Fig. 3 being a front view to an enlarged scale of the cross-
head, showing the mode in which it is fitted upon the screwed end of the
hollow piston rod.
In Fig. 1, A is the cylinder; B, the back cover; C, the front cover; D, the
piston, which may be of wrought iron forged on to the end of the tubulor or hollow
piston rod E; F, a piston bar or central guide rod, turned to a shoulder, and
screwed at one end, and fitted into the back cover or cylinder bottom, having
a nut G thereon, whilst at the other end of the piston bar or guide rod F, it is
screwed and passes through a hole in a bracket plate (H) projecting from the
side of the boiler or engine framing, and is secured thereto by means of check
nuts, or a check nut (I) on the back, whilst on the extreme end is screwed
the valve box of the feed pump; a vertical longitudinal section of which valve

page_text: box is shown in Fig. 2. The one end of the piston bar or central guide rod F
is bored up to a sufficient length to form a pump barrel, as shown at K, for a
plunger L to work therein; this plunger L is made to work in a stuffing box
and gland in front of the valve box, and its outer end being screwed and
turned to a shoulder, for the purpose of receiving the ends of the sling bars
M, M, or connecting rods, which at their ends are attached to the cross-
head N, which is screwed upon the end of the hollow piston rod E. The
forked ends 0, 0, of the connecting rod P are fitted with straps and brasses,
to work upon the journals of the cross-head N.
In Fig. 2, which is a vertical sectional view, to an enlarged scale, of the
valve box and its adjacent parts and fittings, which are represented in plan
only in Fig. 1, where they are shewn on a small scale; in Fig. 2 the bracket
or motion plate to which the valve box is secured, and through which the end
of the piston bar or central guide rod passes, and is firmly secured by the
back set nut I; the plunger or pump piston L is shewn as being forced home,
or to the full extent within the chamber or pump barrel, formed by the boreing
up or boreing out of the end of the piston bar or central guide rod.
a, a, the
body of the pump valve box; b, a gland through which the plunger L works;
c, the suction pipe; d, the suction valve seat; c, the spherical valve; and f,
the valve guard; g, the delivery pipe; h, the delivery valve seat; i, the
spherical delivery valve, and k the delivery valve guard.
Fig. 3 shows the cross-head N of Fig. 1, to an enlarged scale, in which
and are two half jaws, securely attached together by bolts and nuts, the
interior of the cross-head jaws being shown as octagonal, to receive an
octagonal nut m, screwed upon the end of the hollow piston rod E; although
in this view an octagonal nut is shown, any other arrangement or mode of
securing the cross-head may, if preferred, be adopted; but the plan which I
have shown in Fig. 3 has been found by me most convenient for adjustment.
In Fig. 1, I have shown the arrangement for superseding the ordinary guide
bars and guide blocks, combined with my plan of superceding the ordinary
detached feed pump arrangement (as used in locomotive engines), for the
purpose of avoiding the necessity for making several distinct views thereof;
but the end of the piston bar or central guide rod reed not to be bored out,
nor the pump plunger and slings be attached to and worked by the cross-head,
nor the valve box attached to the screwed end of the piston bar, if it is
preferred that the pump arrangement according to this Invention should not
be employed in conjunction with the other parts of the said Invention.
Having now described my Invention, and illustrated the same by the
accompanying Drawing, showing an application of the parts thereof combined

page_text: together, and as adapted to a locomotive engine, I wish it to be understood
that I do not confine myself to the employment of the improvements in feed
pumps in conjunction with that part of my Invention relating to the super-
ceding of the ordinary guide bars and guide blocks in locomotive and other
engines, but the same may be used separately; nor do I confine myself to the
exact mechanical details or mode of combining and working the several parts
shewn in the Drawing hereunto annexed, so long as the main features of my
said Invention are maintained; what I claim is,―
First, the employment of a fixed piston bar and hollow piston rod, sub-
stantially as herein described, as a substitute for the ordinary cross-head, guide
block, and guide bar arrangements, and other similar or equivalent arrange-
ments heretofore in use.
Second, the combination of a pump arranged and worked as herein
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Kinsey, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of April, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-nine.