IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO APPARATUS FOR COMPRESSING AND COOLING AIR FOR PRESERVATIVE OR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Oliver Josolyne Ellis of Derby in the, County of Derby
for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO APPARATUS FOR
COMPRESSING AND COOLING AIR FOR PRESERVATIVE OR OTHER PURPOSES
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Oliver Josolyne Ellis at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st March 1883.
OLIVER JOSOLYNE ELLIS of Derby in the County of Derby " IMPROVEMENTS
IN AND RELATING TO APPARATUS FOR COMPRESSING AND COOLING AIR FOR
PRESERVATIVE OR OTHER PURPOSES
"
In mechanical refrigerators for ships or vessels carrying perishable articles, or
for cooling air on shipboard or in any places the question of economy of space is
an important feature.
It has been proposed to attain such by securing the working parts in the cooler
boxes but this as at present effected subjects them to great strain
By my invention I propose to greatly reduce the space usually occupied by this
class of machinery and to releive such boxes entirely of all working strains.
I place the steam cylinder or motor the air compressor and the air. expansion
cylinder (preferably side by side with their valve chests downwards) at the end of
the frame carrying the cross head guides and the shaft bearings in such a manner
that the working strains are contained or retained in the said frame, thus releiving
the cooler boxes (on the top of which the said frame is securely fixed) from such
strain.
I prefer to use hollow slide valves to all the cylinders, held to their faces by hollow
fixed rings or pistons adjusted by screws and contained in boxes fitted or bolted to
the valve chests and the steam or air pipes.
These valves being used for the air expansion cylinder permit the use of very
short straight and downward ports thus preventing the accumulation of snow
therein, and allowing them to be readily cleaned or examined.

page_text: In the air compression pump I use either a steel or iron liner as thin as
practicable and instead of the ordinary beat valves I use slide valves similar to
those I have previously described.
The end covers of the above pump I propose to form of a thin sheet of copper
or other good conductor of heat supported by pillars or projections formed on a
strong cast iron cover frame the front cover frame being supported by the engine
frame before described and the back cover secured to the cylinder casing, cold
water being caused to circulate behind the thin copper sheets and the steel or iron
liner before mentioned.
When I wish to produce compressed but not cooled air I substitute for the air
expansion cylinder another steam cylinder forming with the first mentioned motor
cylinder a compound engine.
All the before mentioned slide valves are worked from two weigh shafts carried
on suitable beams on the engine frame and actuated by two eccentrics on the crank
shaft or by other suitable means

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Oliver Josolyne Ellis in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
17th September 1883.
OLIVER JOSOLYNE ELLIS of Derby in the County of Derby
** IMPROVEMENTS
IN AND RELATING TO APPARATUS FOR COMPRESSING AND COOLING AIR FOR
PRESERVATIVE OR OTHER PURPOSES
C
"
In mechanical refrigerators for ships or vessels carrying perishable articles or for
cooling air on shipboard or in any places the question of economy of space is an
important feature.
It has been proposed to attain such by securing the working parts on the cooler
boxes but this as at present effected subjects them to great strain. By my invention.
I propose to greatly reduce the space usually occupied by this class of machinery
and to relieve such boxes entirely of all working strains.
I place the steam cylinder or motor the air compressor and the air expansion
cylinder (preferably side by side with their valve chests downwards) at the end of
the frame carrying the cross head guides and the shaft bearings in such a manner
that the working chains are contained or retained in the said frame thus relieving
the cooler boxes (on the top of which the said frame is securely fixed) from such
strain:
I prefer to use hollow slide valves to all the cylinders held to their faces by
hollow fixed rings or pistons adjusted by screws and contained in boxes fitted or
bolted to the valve chests and the steam or air pipes.
These valves being used for the air expansion cylinder permit the use of very.
short straight and downward ports thus preventing the accumulation of snow
therein and allowing them to be readily cleaned or examined.
In the air compression pump I use either a steel or iron liner as thin as
pacticable and instead of the ordinary beat valves I use slide valves similar to
those I have previously described:
The end covers of the above pump I propose to form of a thin sheet of copper
or other good conductor of heat supported by pillars or projections formed on a
strong cast iron cover frame the front cover frame being supported by the engine
frame before described and the back cover secured to the cylinder casing cold
water being caused to circulate behind the thin copper sheets and the steel or iron
liner before mentioned. .
When I wish to produce compressed but not cooled air I may substitute for the
air expansion cylinder another steam cylinder forming with the first mentioned
motor cylinder a compound engine.
All the before mentioned slide valves are worked from two weigh shafts carried
on suitable bearings on the engine frame and actuated by two eccentrics on the
crank shaft or by other suitable means:
And in order that my said invention may be understood and carried into
practical effect I have caused to be annexed to this specification the accompanying
sbeet of drawings to the figures and letters of reference thereon indicated I now
refer
Figure 1 is a general plan view of the arrangement of apparatus:
In this figure A is the steam cylinder B the compression pump and C the
expansion cylinder arranged at the end of the frame D with their axes parallel to
each other and their valve chests downwards. The frame D carries the cross head
guides E E E and the crank shaft bearing F-F as shown.

page_text: •
It will thus be seen that the construction contains or retains the working strains
within itself thus relieving the cooler boxes, on the top of which this frame is
securely fastened, of abnormal strain..
Figure 2 is an enlarged section through the compression pump B shewing the
form of slide valves and end covers. In this figure B is the cylinder having a
liner G cast or fitted within it and forming a water jacket H.
The thin metal plate or disc I at the end of the cylinder is supported and
prevented from collapsing by the pillars J J J cast onto the end cylinder cover K
the metal plate I¹ for the front end of the cylinder is supported to the cylinder
casting by ribs J. J'. cast on it, the space between the ribs and surrounding the
pillars at the back is filled with cold water fed by a circulating pump or otherwise
the inlet being through passage L connected with the coolers and the outlet through
passage L¹.
Figure 3 is a half cross section on the centre line x. x. and half elevation of the
front end of the cylinder.
The arrangement of valves is clearly shown. M is the main slide valve having
ports N N through it and worked by two valve rods O. O. from the weigh
shaft P.
This valve works on the cylinder face over ports cast in the cylinder itself and
has working on it a delivery valve Q having ports formed through it. This valve
is kept up to the face of the main slide and at the same time the main slide valve
kept up to the cylinder face by the hollow piston or packing ring R adjusted by
spring S and screw T.
The hollow piston or packing ring R is again packed by a gland U set up by
screws V.
The outlet for the compressed air to the coolers is shewn at W.
The valve Q is worked by the valve rod O' from the weigh shaft P¹.
Figure 4 is a section through the air expansion cylinder C. The arrangement
of valves is very similar to those used for the compressor. The main valve M'
contains within it the cut off valve Q¹ working on ports cast within it as shewn,
the weigh shaft P working the valve M¹ by means of the tubular rod 02 and the
weigh shaft P¹ working valve Q' by the rod 03 working through 02. As shewn in
Figure 4 the cut off valve cannot be adjusted but cuts off on two edges the main
valve being double ported. The valves are packed and adjusted in a similar
manner to those in Figure 2.
.
Figure 5 shews an arrangement of valve when it is desired to vary the cut off.
The rod 03 in this case is screwed with right and left handed threads as shewn and
by turning it the cut off valves Q2 Q3 may be caused to approach or recede from
each other. Either of these arrangements of valves may be used for the steam or
expansion cylinder.
Figure 6 is a half cross section on the centre line y. y. and half elevation of the
front end of the expansion cylinder..
The action of the combined apparatus in its capacity of compressing expanding
and cooling air is similar to that of such varieties of apparatus now in use.
It is evident that the mere details of the apparatus could be varied without
departing from the nature thereof.
Having now described my invention and the best mode known to me of carrying
it into effect I wish it to be understood that what I believe to be novel and
original and claim as my invention is :-
Firstly The arrangement of the three cylinders (with their valve chests
downwards) placed side by side at the end of the frame so as to economise space
and relieve the cooler boxes of abnormal strain substantially as described.
Secondly In apparatus for compressing air or for compressing and cooling the
same the arrangement of slide valves in combination with the packing rings or
pistons R constructed and operating substantially as described with reference
to Fig. 2

page_text: Thirdly In apparatus for compressing air the use of the thin metal end plates
or covers I I' within the cylinder supported by pillars ribs or projections between
them and the cylinder covers substantially as and for the purposes described.
Fourthly In apparatus for cooling air the arrangement of slide valves in
combination with the packing rings or pistons R constructed and operating
substantially as described and shewn in Figures 4 and 5 in connection with the
expansion cylinder.
Oliver
In witness whereof I the said Oliver Josolyne Ellis have hereunto set my hand
and seal this seventh day of September in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty three.
OLIVER. JOSOLYNE, ELLIS (L.S.)