AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PRINTING
Year: 1822

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
CHURCH, of Nelson Square, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth did, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-first day of
March, One thousand eight hundred and twenty-two, in the third year of His
reign, give and grant unto me, the said William Church, my exors, adñiors,.
and assigns, His especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that
I, the said William Church, my exors, adññors, and assigns, during the term of
years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon Tweed, and also
in all His Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, my Invention of "AN
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PRINTING;" in which said Letters Patent there is con-
tained a proviso, that if I, the said William Church, shall not particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
scal, and cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent, that then the said Letters Patent, and all liberties
and advantages whatsoever thereby granted, shall utterly cease, determine,
and become void, as in and by the same (relation being thereunto had) will
more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Church, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and

page_text: the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described
and ascertained in and by the Drawings hereunto annexed, and the following
description thereof (that is to say) :—
My improved apparatus for printing consists of three parts; first, a machine
for casting the printing types, and also of arranging them in boxes of letters,
so that the types of the same denomination are placed side by side in ranges,
ready to be transferred to the composing machinery. The second part of the
apparatus consists of a machine, by which the individual types are selected
and composed into words and sentences. The third part of the apparatus is a
press for printing and delivering the sheets into a pile.
Fig. 1 of the Drawings is an horizontal view of the type-founding machine ;
Fig. 2 is a front elevation, the fly wheel and part of the frame being removed;
Fig. 3 is a section of the machine, cut through the middle from front to
back; the respective letters referring to the same parts of the machine in
each of the three first Figures.
A is a close metal chest, an elongated box or trough, which extends across
the machine, for the purpose of holding the fluid metal ready to be run into
the type mould; B is the type mould, several detached views of which are
shewn at Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. a, a, a, are grooves in the mould bar,
seen particularly in Fig. 4, which are intended to form the body of the letter;
b, b, b, are the matrices, which are placed in a groove in the matrix bar C;
D is the fountain, filled with fluid metal, which supplies the metal chest.
In this fountain a float is placed for the purpose of acting as a valve. (see
Fig. 8), in order to stop the metal from returning to the melting pot through
the tube E, by which it is supplied; this float also prevents the metal from
flowing too fast into the fountain, for when the metal has occupied the fountain
to a certain height, then the entrance pipe becomes closed; this height is regu-
lated by the screw cock Z. The chest A being furnished with fluid metal,
plunger F is forced into it, which, by displacing a portion of the metal con-
tained in the recess Y of the chest A, drives it with considerable force through
the jets i into the moulds. This part of the operation, however, will be more
fully explained in describing the movements of the machine. G is a fly wheel,
to be turned by hand, which gives motion to the shaft H; upon this shaft the
cam wheel I is affixed, and consequently turns with the fly wheel and shaft in
the direction of the arrow; an elevated cam c (see Fig. 2) upon the periphery
of the wheel I is stationed under the friction roller at the end of the long lever
J, before the machine begins to act, by which the plunger F is held up. As
soon as the wheel has revolved sufficiently to slide the can c from under the
I

page_text: friction roller of the lever J, the plunger F is instantly drawn down by the
weight K, which is attached to it, and in its descent, injects the fluid metal
into the type mould, as above described, by which the types are cast. When
the wheel I has revolved some distance further, an enlarged part of the
periphery & comes in contact with the friction roller at the end of the lever L,
and raises it; at the reversed end of the shaft which carries L is a shorter
lever L*, which by means of a connection formed between the short lever L*
and the tye mould B, shifts the mould bar endways, for the purpose of cutting
off the communication of the moulds with the fluid metal, and also to bring
the moulds under the punches. In this stage of the operation, it becomes
necessary to unlock the matrix bar C; this is done by the further progress of
the wheel I, which brings the cam e, fixed on the inside of the wheel I, in
contact with the friction roller of the lever M, and shifts the lever sideways,
which causes the bar N (attached to the reverse end of this lever) to be so far
shifted laterally as to unlock or withdraw the wedges f. f. f, formed upon the bar,
from the sockets or slots of the loops 9, 9, 9, which hold the matrices in contact
with the moulds. By this means the matrix bar is allowed to descend about the
eighth of an inch, so as to withdraw the matrices from the cast types. The
matrix bar C is now to be drawn forward from under the types, in order to
clear the way for their descent into the boxes, where they are arranged. This
is effected by means of the cam h, which, in the further advance of the wheel I,
strikes against the friction roller at the upper end of the lever O, and causes
the reverse end of that lever to draw forward the matrix bar by its connecting
piece P, the sectional construction of which is shewn in Fig. 3. The next
operation is that of discharging the types from the mould; this is done by the
cam k coming in contact with the friction roller of the lever Q; this lever is
connected by its axle to the lever R, hence they both move together. By the
movement of Q, the lever R forces down the punch bar S connected to it by
a link m, from the under side of which bar the clearing punches 1, 1; 1, 1,
protrude; this bar is guided by the slider T passing through the upper part of
the frame. By the descent of the punches into the grooves a of the mould
bar B, the types are projected downwards, and descend into the guides n, which
guides are twisted one quarter round, in order to bring the bodies of the types
into a proper position, so as to arrange themselves side by side, in the same
manner as when placed together in a line by a compositor. The cam k having
passed the friction roller of the lever Q, the weight V descends and raises the
lever R, which lifts the punches out of the mould to their former place. The
cam o now comes in contact with the friction roller at the lower end of the lever (),
and pushes it back, which causes the connecting piece P to drive back the matrix

page_text: bar C to its former situation; the middle of the connecting piece P is formed
into a spring bow j, for the purpose of more perfectly adjusting the matrices to
the moulds. In order to regulate this adjustment, two screws p, p, are passed
through the matrix bar, the ends of which screws strike against the stopping
pieces q, q, attached to the mould bar. The locking up of tlie matrix bar is
now to be effected by the cam r coming in contact with the inside of the
friction roller of the lever M, which pushes it back again, and drives the wedges
ff, up into the slots of the loops g, g. The next motion of the mechanism is
the sliding of the mould bar back into its former situation, which is done by the
friction roller of the lever L (as the wheel I passes round) descending from
the enlarged part of the periphery of the wheel I at s to the lesser part of the
periphery of the wheel I, which lever L, connected with the short lever L*, as
before described, is pulled down by the weight, and shifts the mould bar back
to its former place. The wheel I, having performed one entire revolution,
brings the cam c again under the friction roller of the lever J, which raises
the plunger, and another operation of casting at this point commences. After
the types have descended in the guides n, they are pushed backward into the
ranges of the box u, u, by means of the guide cams V, V, fixed upon the
axle H of the fly wheel G; a friction roller at the end of the lever W acts
between these cams, as shewn in the Drawing, Fig. 3; and, here, by the
revolution of the axle and cams, the lever W is caused to vibrate, which slides
the bar X, connected to the punch projector bar u, backward and forward, and
thus, at every operation, forces the punches v through the guides n, and drive
the types, one after the other, in their erect position into the ranges of the box u.
As the construction of the mould bar is an important feature in this Inven-
tion, I shall now describe its parts, independant of its connection with the
machine. In Fig. 4 the mould bar B is shewn with the punches over it and
the twisted guides below, formed between two plates of brass; the steel pieces
numbered 1 and 2 in the section, Fig. 8, which forms the ink edge of the
types, being removed in order to display the grooves or recesses a in which the
body of the types are cast. These peices are shewn fixed on in the detached
view of the mould bar, Fig. 7, where the mouths of the moulds are shewn.
Fig. 5 is a section of the mould bar B, taken lengthways in the direction of
the dotted line in 3, 4, in Fig. 3, which shews the water passage carried along
the bar, for the purpose of keeping the mould cool. This passage is supplied
with a current of water from a cistern through the pipe Z, and discharged at
the other end of the mould bar through the pipe &. Fig. 6 is a horizontal
section of the mould bar and metal chest, cut through the jets, in which.a
section of the water passage is seen, and also nicks in the edge of the long slip

page_text: of steel forming the jets, for the purpose of allowing the types to be pushed
out of the moulds when they are brought under the punches. Fig. 8 shews
the metal chest A, and its connection with the fountain. The jets i are
formed in a long slip of steel fixed into the side of the metal chest (seen
also at i in Fig. 3). W is a flanch on the top of the metal chest, through
which the hooks x, x, pass for the purpose of attaching it to the mould bar;
F is the plunger before described; D is a section of the fountain filled with
fluid metal, with the float, as above mentioned; Z is the screw cock, through
which the metal passes from the melting pot. The upper part of this screw
cock may be encompassed by a cup for the purpose of holding water to prevent
the cock from becoming soldered tight into its socket. A similar cup may
also be used at the top. of the plunger cylinder F for the same purpose. y is
the channel for drawing off the fluid metal that may remain in the metal, chest
when the casting is to be discontinued, which metal must be drawn off through
the discharge cock at bottom of the fountain. It may not. at all times be
necessary to employ the cam wheels and levers by which the various opera-
tions of casting are effected, in the manner before shewn; I sometimes
employ the type mould and metal chest, as in Fig. 9, a horizontal view, in
which the metal chest is shewn in section, and the face plate of the mould bar
turned up; also in Fig. 10, which is a section cut across the centre. In these
Figures, A is the metal chest; B is the mould bar; C is the matrix bar; D is
the face plate turned up; E, E, are two wires for forming the nicks in the
types; F is the plunger; G, a handle to draw back the moulds. The chest
being filled with fluid metal in the manner before described (though the
fountain is not here shewn), I press down the plunger F by a lever intended
to be acted upon by the foot, by which a quantity of metal is forced through
the jets i'into the moulds a. The types being thus cast, I raise the face plate.
D, and draw back the mould by means of the handle G, the joints c, c,
enabling me to lift the mould over the break d, and draw it until the plate b
has reached the break d, which is then stopped in its progress by the nut e
coming in contact with bar f. By pulling the handle a short distance further,
the the types held by the necks or grates of metal in tlio plate b are drawn
out of the mould, when, by depressing the handle G, the types are lodged in
the notches 9 of the break d. Now, a lateral motion of the break d, pro-
duced by the handle I, cuts off the types from the necks or grates, and they
fall down into a receiver below. The necks or grates of metal are now to be
forced out of the holes in the plate b, which is effected by means of a comb
or range of small punches applied by hand. The bar being slidden back again
is placed in the situation for a second operation. As the type..are pushed

page_text: forward in the ranges they pass under the straight edgo X*, Fig. 3, and are
cut or trimmed to a uniform length, the height of which cutter is regulated by
the screw Y*.
The second part of my apparatus for printing consists of a machine by which
I compose the types, that is, collect the respective letters and associate them
together into words and sentences. Having disposed and arranged the several
types into narrow boxes or slips, each individual slip containing a great number
of types of the same letters, which I call files of letter, I place the case of
these types in the upper part of my composing machine, different views of
which are shown in Figures 11, 12, 18, and 14. Fig. 11 is a front view of the
machine in complete working order; Fig. 12 is a section of the same, cut
through it perpendicularly; Fig. 13 is a representation of the machine, taken
sideways or at the left end; and Fig. 14 is a view of the back part of the
machine; the respective letters referring to the same parts of the mechanism
in every Figure. A, A, are the boxes or slips containing the types or files of
letter; B, B, are a number of jacks, to each of which a key is connected in a
manner somewhat similar to the jacks and keys of an harpischord; C, C, C, C,
are four rows of these keys, which are so disposed for the sake of gaining
space, in order that any one of them may be conveniently touched by the
finger; D is a plate, shewn detached at Fig. 15, with a number of slits corre-
sponding to the number of jacks, in which slits the heads of the jacks slide;
there are precisely the same number of jacks that there are boxes or files of
letter, each file being exactly over a slit in the plate D, with the heads of the
jacks standing up through the plate, and raising behind the files, each some-
thing less than the thickness of the type it is designed to act upon. The
section, Fig. 12, will best elucidate the following description:-Any one of the
keys being pressed upon by the finger a will, by its descent, cause the upper
part of the jack b to advance and push forward the undermost type of the file
it is intended to act upon. By the descent of the key the bar c is forced down,
which depresses the arms d, d, and raises the lever f. The bar c, with its
arms d, d, axle e, and lever f, is shewn detached at Fig. 16. g is a barrel con-
taining a helical spring intended to act as a clock movement in order to give
notion to the train of wheels and rods above; h is a toothed wheel upon the
barrel, taking into a pinion i, upon the axle of which pinion is another toothed
wheel j taking into a pinion k, which train of wheels and pinions is intended to
give a great velocity to the axle of the last-mentioned pinion. Upon the axle
of k a snail wheel is fixed, which is shewn detached at Fig. 17; in the face
of this snail wheel 1, a spiral groove is cut for the end of the lever f to act in,
the revolution of the snail brings the point of the lever f down to that part of

page_text: the groove which is nearest to the periphery, whence its progress is stopped
by the notch or angular turn of the groove m; this is the situation of the snail
when the keys are at rest. On striking any one of the keys the bar c is
depressed, as above said, and the lever f raised up through the knotch m into
the smaller radius of the spiral groove; the clock movement is now set at
liberty, and the snail carried once round, stopping as before said by knotch m
striking against the end of the lever f; a crank n is formed in the axle of k,
to which the connecting rod o is coupled. The intention and action of this part
of the mechanism will be best seen in the back view, Fig. 14. As the crank
n goes round, the connecting rod o will raise and depress the lever p to which
it is connected by an adjustable box and screw. From the extremities of the
last-mentioned lever p two rods q, q, rise up to the top lever, which is fixed
upon an axles, seen best in the section, Fig. 12. At the front part of this
axle the arm t is affixed, which stands nearly at a right angle with the lever r;
the front view, Fig. 11, will shew the action of this arm t upon another similar
axle v. To the left of the former is affixed a corresponding arm u, the action
of both which arms are connected together by the cross rods w. Returning
to the axle k, Fig. 14, it will be seen that by one revolution of the crank n
the ends of the levers p and rare made to vibrate, which will produce a
pendulous stroke of the arms t and u, Fig. 11. To the lower ends of these
arms small rods x, a, are attached, which being connected to the collectors y, y,
(shewn detached in several positions at Fig. 18,) at every vibration of the arms,
carry them toward the middle of the race z, Fig. 15, and back again. It will
now be necessary to revert to the situation of the type which has been pushed.
forward by the jack 6 into the race z, and is there seen at a*, Fig. 12, and in
dots in Fig. 11. The collectors in advancing bring the type from whatever
part of the race it may happen to be situate into the centre under the beak of
the lever c, at which instant of time the snail 7 raises the rod 6*, which lifts
the back part of the lever c, and causes the type placed under its beak to be
pushed down the aperture d* into the curved channel e*, which answers the
purpose of a composing stick. In beginning the operation it will be necessary
to place a small spring slider to prevent the type from falling irregularly down
the channel, In this composing stick the types accumulate and are pro-
gressively collected into words and sentences, from whence they may be taken
and adjusted into lines by hand, or collected into pages by means of a box
which may be placed on the side of the machine at the end of e*. In order
to preserve the position of the type, and guide it steadily along the race, a light
bar of steel f, f*, Figs. 11, 12, and 13, is placed in the race, which rises or
falls according to the progress of the mechanism. The action of this will be

page_text: best seen in the end view, Fig. 13. The bar f* is here shewn resting upon
the type; as in the foregoing description, the type is considered to be pushed
forward by the jack ready to be sliden along the race; as the arms d, d, raise,
the rods g* are carried up, which lifts the bent levers * and the lip * at the
lower end of the bent levers, raise the bar, and deposits it in the notch of the
catches, where it remains until by the depression of another key the rod g*
pulls down the bent lever h*, the head; of which lever, forcing back the catch,
lets the bar fall upon the type, as above described. In order to keep the clock-
work in action, it will be necessary to wind up the spring of the barrel 9, which
is done by means of a pedal with a cord passing over the pulley 9*, which
pulley is fixed upon the arbour. of the barrel, and is furnished with a ratchet
wheel and palls.
g
.
The third part of my apparatus is a printing press, a side view of which is
seen at Fig. 19, and the ends at Fig. 20 and 21; a section is shewn at Fig. 22,
and a plan or horizontal view, Fig. 23; the respective letters referring to the
same parts in these five Figures. a is the table to receive the form of. typės;
b is the platten, supported by the standards and framework; c, c, are the side
rails; d, d, is the inking frame and rollers; and e, e, are the friskets. The
press is put in motion in the following manner:-The fly wheel f is made to
revolve by the handle in the direction of the arrow first, for the purpose of
passing the inking rollers over the types. Upon the axle of the fly wheel arc
pulleys and h, to each of which a cord y and z is attached; these cords aro
also connected to the pulley i in opposite directions, and by the revolution of the
fly wheel produces an alternating revolution of this pulley. The mode by which
this is effected will be best seen by reference to the section, Fig. 24, (a detached
representation of part of the fly wheel and cam wheel axle.) With the
axle of the fly wheel, a sliding endless screw m with a cross thread revolves,
and is made to travel in a latéral direction to and fro by means of a swivel
tooth n. The inner part of this endless screw is chambered out, leaving an
internal flange at each end; the pulleys 9 and h are also chambered.out;
and as the endless screw m travels towards the pullies, a sliding glut o,
inserted in a groove in the axle, is pushed by the flange 1 of the endless screw
coming in contact with the tooth w, and hence forcing it out of the chamber
of the pulley g into that of the pulley h, by which becomes locked into the
action of the revolving axle 1, winding the.cord z round it'; at the same time
the pulley g is out of geer, and is drawn round in an opposite direction by
bringing the flange 2 in contact with the tooth w of the glut o, draws it out of
the chamber h, into that of g, and locks g into the action of the fly-wheel shaft,
by which the cord y is now coiled round the pulley g, and the cord uncoiled

page_text: from the pulley h; j is an enlarged part of the pulley i, Figs. 21 and 22, to
which a cord is attached, and coiled several times round it, from whence it
extends to the other end of the frame, and passes over another pulley k, and
back again to the pulley j, to which the end is connected, as shewn in the
section. This cord is fastened to the carriage of the inking rollers, and as the
pulley revolves, causes the inking roller and carriage to travel backwards
and forwards over the types and distributing tables; p, p, are two rollers con-
nected by a broad band, the width of which is equal to the length of the
rollers; is the ductor; as the carriage advances, it strikes a lever r', and. by
a pall and ratchet turns the ductor rollers p, p, by which a small quantity of
ink is brought to the upper side of the band; this lever is pulled back
again by its weighted arm s. As the hindermost inking roller passes over the
broad band, it takes up a portion of ink, which it deposits upon the distributing.
boards t, t; upon the axle of the fly wheel another cross-threaded endless
screw vis fixed, and revolves with it; into the thread of this screw a swivel
tootli is inserted, which is connected by an arm u. to the distributing table: 1,
and hence causes the table to travel alternately in a latteral direction as tho
rollers pass over it; these tables are supported each upon three sliding pins;
the rollers, having passed over the distributing table, now roll upon the form
of type and inks them. In this stage of the operation the frisket e 1 is to be.
carried under the platten b, which is effected as follows:-Fig. 17 is an
enlarged representation of the side rail, as shewn in Fig. 14. The roller
carriage d having proceeded nearly across the form, by means of a catch w
locks with the slider x, and carries it forward. Attached to this slider is .a
cord, which passes over a pulley a, upon the same arbour as the pullies i and
j, and thence proceeds to the other end of the rail, when it is coiled round and
attached to the smaller periphery of an accelerating pully b; a similar cord
is coiled round the small part of the pully b in the opposite direction, and con+
nected to the other end of the slider ; a cord, attached and coiled round the
larger periphery of the accelerating pully 6 is connected with the end of the
frisket e 1, and hence it will be seen, that by the further progress of the roller
frame d and slider a, the frisket e 1 will be quickly brought between the table
and platten ready to receive the impression. The next operation is the raising
of the table for the purpose of giving the impression. The table is supported
by two bars c and d, jointed together at e; it is guided on its ascent and
descent by two cylindrical sliders f, f, with work in sockets g, g, and is
balanced upon the lever h, by the loggerhead i. The operation of raising the
table is effected by the revolution of the cam wheel acting against a tappet at the
joint e; the mode by which the revolution of the fly wheel and axle is connected

page_text: to the shaft of the cam will be seen as follows:-In Fig. 16, the union of the
fly-wheel shalft and cam shaft are shewn; the fly-wheel shaft is continually
revolving, but the cam-wheel shaft is only occasionally locked into action with it.
This is done by the revolution of the endless screw, which is continually locked
to the fly-wheel shaft by means of a glut k fixed upon it, and which occupies a
notch in flange 2 of the endless screw m. When the endless screw has
travelled sufficiently far to reach the tooth 1, a notch in the flange 1 slips on
to this tooth, and thus locks the cam shaft and the fly-wheel-shaft together;
in this situation of the shafts the cam wheel is brought into action, and which,
by revolving, drives the bars c, d, towards a perpendicular direction, and the
tappet m against the tappet at the joint e, by which effort of straightening the
joint, the table is raised and the impression given. By the further rotation
of the cam wheel the bars c, d, fall back to their former position, and the tablo
descends. In order to take off the sheet after it is printed, one of the chaps of
a pair of broad nippers is introduced under the edge of the paper in the fol-
lowing manner :-The wheels n, n, Figures 19, 20, 21, and 22, are made to
revolve by means of cords O, O, coiled round them, and connecting their action.
These cords carry the said nippers, which are worked in the following
manner Fig. 26 is an enlarged representation of the opposite side rail to
Fig. 25, shewing also the wheels n, n, which carry the nippers. The roller
carriage d having passed the centre of the table in the direction of the arrow,
causes the catch a to strike against the pin c of the slider v, by which the
slider is carried forward; a cord connected to the slider at e passes over the
pulley f, and back again to the pully 9, round it, and under the pully h to
the pully i, where it is coiled round and attached; by this line cording the
advance of the roller. frame brings the nippers from where they last discharged
the sheet at k, to their situation between the table and platten a l, where they
are about to take hold of the next sheet; by the closing of the table, the
nippers are pressed together, and thus embrace the edge of the paper. At
this time the catch a, passing over the weighted lever m, liberates the slider b
on the return of the roller frame. After the sheet has been printed, the
catch a takes hold of the pin n, and carries the slide 6 back again; to the other
end of the slider a cord is attached, which passes over the pully p, and along
the rail to the pully g, over this, and under the pully r to the pully s, where
it is coiled round and attached. Thus by the return of the inking frame, the
nippers holding the sheet of paper are carried from over the periphery of
the wheel n, l, and along the top rail to 7, the nippers being guided by the
ends of their axles vand u, sliding in the groove W; during this time the
frisket which brought the sheet under the platen is carried back to its former

page_text: situation. Fig. 27 is a representation of the double nippers, which are made
to open by their inclined planes coming in contact with swinging tappets as a
and y, Fig. 26, which tappets are capable of being moved upon the rail for
the purpose of adjustment to different sized sheets of paper. By the further
progress of the inking frame, which carries the slider e, these nippers are
made to travel from t where they quitted the sheet to z, ready to take up the
next sheet, which has been brought in under the plate by the slider = in the
same manner as the slider x carried in the former sheet: For the purpose of
procuring a correct register, I attach register points to the frisket in a manner
similar to that by which they are attached to the tympan of an ordinary press.
These register points pass with the frisket under the platen, the points
upwards; and attached to the tympan are corresponding point springs, with
holes to receive the points, by which means the paper is pierced. In order
to secure a perfect coincidence of register, I attach to the frisket pieces of a
wedge form, which are intended to drop into corresponding recesses in the
platen or the table, by which it will be seen that when the frisket has arrived
within a short distance of its place upon the table, the slipping of the wedge
pieces into the recesses enables it to adjust itself with perfect accuracy; or
instead of this method, I sometimes place a stopping piece upon the table or
platen, or other convenient part against which the frisket strikes, and is held
closely by the elasticity of the cords. In order to prevent accident from the
press closing before the pressman has placed his sheet properly upon the
frisket, I have contrived a mode by which the press throws itself out of geer;
this operation will be seen by reference to Fig. 28, which represents a per-
pendicular edge view of the fly wheel; its shaft and ratchet a, attached to the
axle; 6 is a rod, pendant from a joint c, and attached to the side of the rail;
d is a small bar, connected by a hinge to the rod, and passing through a
mortice in the side of the rail. At the lower end of the rod b a ring e is
attached, which encompasses the axle; on the roller carriage is a tappet,
which, as it passes, strikes against the inclined end of the bar d, and pushes it
out endways, by which the rod b is forced out of the perpendicular, as shewn
by dots, and the ring e, being pressed against the lever f, raises its longer arm
out of the ratchet, and thus puts the fly wheel out of geer with its shaft.
Another modification of my printing press is shewn at Fig. 28, in which the
pressure is given by drawing the platen down, instead of forcing the table up;
a is a fly wheel, turned by a handle, which gives motion to an axle b; c is a
stud pinion upon the fly-wheel shaft, from which a chain passes round the
stud wheel d, and which wheel is carried round by the revolution of the fly
wheel communicated to it. With the axle of this last-mentioned stud wheel

page_text: a came turns, which acts against the weighted arm of the balance lever f
which is similar in form, to the balance lever described in, my patent printing
press of 1821. The came revolves in the direction of the arrow, and
its elongated part, pressing against the friction roller-f, carries up the weighted
end of the balance lever and depresses the reverse end, by which the .connec
tion rods 9 pulls down the platen and gives the impression; on the other side of
the press is a similar rod 9, connected to the lever f and platen, h; by the
further revolution of the came, which is constantly turning, the weighted arm
of the balance lever descends, and raises the platen into its former position.
The mode of bringing forward the inking rollers and other parts of the
operation' are effected exactly in the same manner as described in the above
Figures.-
In order that the form of types may be more conveniently placed on the
table, I-slide the platen 6 from over the table, as is shewn in Fig. 28. After
the form of types have been used and the desired number of impressions taken
therefrom, instead of distributing them in the ordinary manner, I recast them,
as above described..
In witness wliereof, I, the said William Church, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of September, in the year of our
Land One thousand oight lundred and twenty-two
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-first day of September,
in the year of our Lord 1822, the aforesaid William Church came before our
said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Twenty-first day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and twenty-two.

page_text: No text detected.