Improvements in the Tempering, Annealing, or Treating of Castings or Forgings of Copper. Nickel, Cobalt and Aluminium, and of Alloys of these Metals with each other or with Manganese, Cast or Wrought Iron, or Steel.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Nov., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 17th July, 1890-Accepted, 20th Sept.. 1850
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Tempering, Annealing, or Treating of Castings
or Forgings of Copper. Nickel, Cobalt and Aluminium, and of
Alloys of these Metals with each other or with Manganese,
Cast or Wrought Iron, or Steel.
I, ALFRED EVRARD of 16 Ruo Drouot, Paris, France, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
I have proved by many years experiments that the baths of molten lead zinc, and
other fusible metals or alloys can be employed much more effectually than water,
saline solutions, oil, and fatty bodies, for acting upon, or tempering by cooling, large
masses of steel or iron of a composition suitable for large forgings.
The advantages resulting from the employment of such metallic baths are
explained by the fact that they possess a bigh degree of conductivity, produce no
vapours or gases, and can be maintained by heat at a constant mean temperature
favorable to the process. But these advantages only accrue under the condition that
the pieces to be tempered are previously heated to a suitable temperature which varies
with their percentage of carbon.
The above process, invented by me, forms the subject of Letters Patent No. 10,823
of 1886, taken in the name of Johnson as a communication from the Compagnie
Anonymne des forges de Chatillon et Commentry, and is the only process actually
known which allows of the reliable tempering, without risk of injury, of large
forgings generally, and in particular of armour plates, whose' percentage of carbon
exceeds 0-45. It has hitherto only been applied to steel ordinarily employed in large
castings and forgings.
My present invention consists in the application of the above described method of
tempering by means of baths of molten inetal, firstly to metals other than iron or
steel, such as copper, nickel, cobalt, aluminium, and secondly to various alloys of
these metals with each other or with manganese, cast iron, wrought iron and steel, in
particular to certain alloys or certain combinations of nickel, cobalt manganese, or
copper with iron or steel, which alloys are intended for the manufacture of
projectiles and armour plates. Such alloys can be produced from one or more of the
said metals, having a greater percentage of carbon than the mean percentage
contained in steels heretofore produced. Certain special properties of these alloys
such as their resistance to rupture and to shock, the resistance to penetration of the
projectiles, are considerably increased by the immersion in metallic baths, which
have up to the present time never been employed for the final treatment of objects of
the above composition.
Dated this 9th day of November 1889
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Tempering, Annealing, or Treating of Castings
or Forgings of Copper, Nickel, Cobalt and Aluminium, and of
Alloys of these Metals with each other or with Manganese,
Cast or Wrought Iron, or Steel.
I, ALFRED EVRARD of 16, Rue Drouot, Paris, France, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
I have proved by many years' experiments that baths of molten lead, zinc and
other fusible metals or alloys can be employed much more effectually than water,
ונ...

page_text: saline solutions, oil, and fatty bodies, for acting upon, or tempering by cooling large
inasses of steel or iron of the composition employed for castings or large forgings.
The advantages resulting from the employment of such metallic baths are
explained by the fact that they possess a high degree of conductivity, produce no
vapours or gases, and can be inaintained at a constant mean fusion temperature,
favorable to the process. But these advantages only accrue under the condition
that the pieces to be tempered are previously heated to a suitable temperature, which
varies with their percentage of carbon.
The above process invented by me forms the subject of Letters Patent No. 10,823
of 1886, taken in the name of Johnson as a communication from the Compagnie
Anonyme des forges de Chatillon et Commentry, and is the only process at present
known which allows of the reliable tempering, without risk of injury, of large
forgings generally, and in particular of armour plates, whose percentage of carbon
exceeds 0.45. It has hitherto only been applied to steel ordinarily employed in
large castings and forgings.
My present invention consists in the application of the above described method of
tempering by means of baths of molten metal, firstly to metals other than iron or
steel, such as copper, nickel cobalt, aluminium &c., and secondly to various alloys of
these metals with each other or with manganese, cast iron, wrought iron, and steel,
in particular to certain alloys or certain combinations of nickel, cobalt, manganese,
or copper with iron or steel, which alloys are intended for the manufacture of
projectiles and armour plates. Such alloys can be produced from one or more of
the said metals having a greater percentage of carbon than the mean percentage
contained in steels heretofore produced. Certain special properties of these alloys
such as their resistance to rupture and to shock, the resistance to penetration of the
projectiles are considerably increased by the immersion in metallic baths, which have
up to the present time never been employed for the final treatment of objects of the
above composition.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
The application of tempering in metallic baths of lead, zinc, and other fusible
metals or alloys, to metals other than iron or steel, such as copper, nickel, cobalt,
aluminium and various alloys of those metals with manganese, cast and wrought
iron, and particularly to certain alloys or combinations of nickel, cobalt, manganese
and copper with iron or steel, substantially as herein described.
TT
1000
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.