Improvements in or relating to Engraving Surfaces for Producing a Watered, Moire, or Ornamental Surface, for Embossing, Stamping, or similar purposes.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Aug., 1898-Accepted, 19th Nov., 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Engraving Surfaces for Producing
a Watered, Moire, or Ornamental Surface, for Embossing,
Stamping, or similar purposes.
A communication from PAUL VICTOR AVRIL and LA SOCIÉTÉ MARINIER FILS &
E. Navorr, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT, of 111, Hatton Garden, in the County of Middlesex,
Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:—
This invention relates to a new system of engraving for the purpose of obtaining a
watering, embossing, stamping or ornamental surface on cylinders or plates whereby
new effects are obtained in moiré, embossed and stamped materials and comprises the
mechanical process and apparatus for producing said engraving for carrying the
invention into effect.'
Water, embossing and stamping effects hitherto produced have been obtained by
means of cylinders or plates preferably previously fluted on a machine and on each
of the flutes or grooves of which the engraver has cut incidence and consequently to
give a shimmering effect, the whole of these faces in their grouping producing the
various moiré effects.
In order to obtain the new effects of watering, embossing and stamping or
ornamenting a smooth cylinder or plate is taken, and, by means of a special device
forming a part of this invention and hereinafter, fully described two series of straight
curved or wavy grooves are engraved with either constant intervals or intervals
varying in a uniform manner, said two series of lines intersecting at suitable
angles.
These special conditions will be referred to hereafter, at present only the essential
characteristic feature of the invention will be pointed out which is that the moiré
effect is obtained mechanically by the intersection of two series of grooves or lines
which by approaching and merging together for a certain distance and then having
between them an interval, present to the light more or less wide faces inclined at a
more or less great angle (according to the curvature of the lines) and produce a
lecorative light effect applicable to all substances capable of being embossed, stamped
or provided with moiré effects.
The effect obtained depends on the four following conditions.
1. On the angle of intersection of the grooves, relatively one to the other.
2. On the straight, wavy or other form of grooves.
3. On the rule according to which the intervals vary.
4. On the form of burin or graver and the depth of the grooves.
These four conditions can be varied ad infinitum a new effect being produced
with each variation.
It will be understood that it is not necessary to previously make a design or pattern
as in ordinary moirés as the pattern is produced automatically.
11
that this on maxa covias of ana may be used

page_text: The essential characteristic features- of the invention having thus been clearly
explained, the mechanical device for carrying it into effect will now be described.
The whole of these devices form a machine such as illustrated in the accompanying
drawing in all details and modifications.
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal elevation of the machine. Its chief essential parts are
shown separately and on a larger scale in the other figures.
These chief parts comprise: a machined cast iron bench B, a back-centre F, a
screw Ga burin support or slide rest K shown separately on a larger scale in
Figs. 2, and a head stock P carrying dividing apparatus shown separately on a
larger scale in Figures 5 to 9.
The bench B and the back centre F are of the ordinary construction as is usual in
lathes.
The screw spindle G (Figs. 2 and 3) is provided throughout the whole of its
length with a deep groove G¹. Said spindle rotates in two bearings RR. (Fig. 1)
and carries at one end a toothed wheel U and at its other end pulleys T T for the
transmission belt, if the machine is to be driven by a motor.
The slide rest K consists of two main parts, one comprising the parts for advancing
the burin and rotating the cylinder to be engraved and the other destined to pro-
duce oscillations of the burin and to render said oscillations dependent on the
advance movement of the burin and rotation of the cylinder to be engraved.
The first part of the slide rest K comprising the parts for advancing the burin
and rotating the cylinder to be engraved which parts determine the direction of the
lines or grooves on the cylinder, which are helical lines of a more or less great pitch
or are coincident with the generatrices of the cylinders or are in the form of circles,
is constituted as follows:-a slide K' (Figs. 2 and 3) sliding on the cast iron
bench B, a bracket K² secured to said slide and provided with the circular openings
through one of which passes a socket K³ (Fig. 3) not screw-threaded and provided
with a bevel pinion B, said socket being itself perforated to allow the passage of
the screw spindle G. The socket K is provided on its inner circumferential surface
with a projection engaging with the groove G, of the screw G. The other opening
of the bracket. K is arranged at right angles to the spindle G and receives a
spindle C (Figs. 2 and 3) to which is keyed a bevel pinion C² engaging with the
corresponding pinion B. The same spindle C₁ also carries a toothed wheel D¹
(Figs. 2 and 3).
To the side of the slide K is secured a bearing N' through which passes a hollow
sleeve (Fig. 2) also provided with an inner projection. Two toothed wheels E, FI
are keyed to said socket M', the wheel F engaging with the screw spindle G which
thus fulfils the function of a toothed rack, and the wheel E¹ engaging with the
wheel D¹.
The working of the parts described is as follows:-
When the spindle G turns it causes by means of its groove G the socket K³ and
the bevel pinion B' to participate in its rotation. The bevel pinion C as well as the
wheel D' will also be caused to rotate and the latter will transmit its motion to the
wheel E and consequently to the wheel F¹. As the latter engages with the spindle G
it will move with it, the slide K' and therefore the whole device.
At the same time the toothed wheel U (Fig. 1) keyed to the screw spindle G will
transmit by means of intermediate wheels suitably proportioned its rotation to the
sleeve M mounted on the dividing apparatus (Figs. 1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) and consequently
also to the cylinder to be engraved.
By suitably selecting the intermediate transmission wheels relatively to the
diameters of wheels and H the sleeve M and consequently the cylinder to be
engraved will be rotated at the desired speed.
When the intermediate toothed wheels are done away with the cylinder to be
engraved does not rotate as is necessary when it is desired to engrave on said cylinder
grooves parallel to its axis.
To change the direction of the helical lines, it is sufficient to add to the inter-
mediate wheels another wheel which reverses the direction of rotation. Thus either

page_text: right or left-handed helical lines may be obtained as desired. This arrangement is
indispensable in order to obtain intersecting grooves.
The form of grooves is determined and produced by the oscillating movement of the
burin, the mechanism of which constitutes as already mentioned, the second part of
the sliding support and comprises a long plate L' (Fig. 3) provided with a longitudinal
slot or groove through which pass two screws serving to secure the plate L' firmly
to the slide K (Fig. 2) at the place determined by the diameter of the cylinder to be
engraved.
The plate L' carries by means of a bracket I a bearing L³ through which passes a
spindle provided with a journal supported in said bearing and with a longitudinal
groove with which engages the projection of the socket M' through which said
spindle passes (Fig. 2).
To this spindle are keyed a crank M and a wheel VI (Figs. 2 and 3).. A sector T
provided with two grooves T2 T3 is free to rotate ou said spindle 0'. The circular
groove Tserves to secure. the sector in position by means of a screw S', the other
groove which is straight, is destined to receive in any desired position the spindle
of the intermediate wheels ZZ.
The spindle therefore connects the wheel V' with the previously described first
part of the slide rest.
A bracket a (Figs. 2 and 3) has passing through it a spindle Y¹ to one end of
which is keyed a wheel X driven from the wheel by means of the intermediate
wheels carried by the sector T. To the other end of the spindle Y is secured a
cam f (Figs. 2 and 13) which can be replaced by others as desired and which is pro-
vided on its inner face with a groove fl of a suitable shape sinuous or otherwise
according to the kind of grooves to be produced on the cylinder to be engraved. A
rectangular plate 6 can oscillate between screw points ce which can be adjusted by a
nut & so as to compensate for wear.
A sector e secured under the plate b, is provided with a circular groove which gives
a free passage to the spindle Y'. A pin can by means of two nuts be fixed in
suitable position in the circular groove of the sector e said position depending on the
diameter of the cam f, with the groove f' of which the end of the pin g engages.
When the cam turns, it will owing to the shape of its groove' f', impart a certain
oscillating motion to the pin g, consequently also to the sector e and to the plate b
supporting the burin.
This movement, determined by the shape of the groove f¹ of the cam f employed,
will determine, as will be easily understood, the shape of the sinuosities of the grooves
cut by the burin h. The selection of intermediate wheels ZZ' supported by the
sector T determines the speed of oscillations of the plate band consequently the
length of said sinuosities.
It will be easily understood that all the movements: the rotation of the screw
spindle G, rotation of the cylinder to be engraved, the advance of the burin and the
oscillation of the burin take place together.
It may be necessary to trace rectilinear grooves, in this case the plate supporting
the burin must be rendered immovable. This is done as follows:-The intermediate
wheels supported by the sector T (Fig. 3) are suppressed, instead of the pin g
a part 1 (Fig. 3) provided with a hole of the same diameter as the spindle Y
secured to the groove of the sector e, said spindle Y¹ engaging with the hole g² and
thus prevents the plate 6 from oscillating.
The burin holder which is secured to the plate (Figs. 2, 3 and 4) is constituted
as follows:--A plate i, provided with a dove tail shaped groove, has engaging with
the latter a block j, provided with a hole for passage of the burin which preferably
consists of a round steel rod of suitable diameter and having a longitudinal groove .
A nut enables the burin to be securely fastened by means of a corresponding
screw and a collar r. A pointer is secured to the burin by means of a screw u,
the end of which engages with the groove of the burin. The finding of the
position of the cutting edge of the burin is always well ensured by means of a divided

page_text: sectors combined with the pointer which is also utilized for placing the burin in
a proper position for sharpening.
The depth of engraving is determined by the penetration of the burin which is
regulated and limited by a screw & passing through the block j and terminating in a
small plate k, a lock nut m preventing the latter from changing its position. Two
holes in the plate i form passages for bolts serving to secure the apparatus to the
plate b.
The plate is provided with a longitudinal slot enabling the burin holder to be
placed at any distance from the axis of oscillation. All along this slot there are
marked divisions, for facilitating the measuring of said distance (an important
precaution when the reproducing of a type of line already obtained is desired).
It is thus possible to vary the amplitude of the movement of the burin and con-
sequently to modify the shape of the groove.
Figs. 2 and 3 show how the burin is applied or disengaged as desired, against the
cylinder to be engraved. A lever o rotates about a pivot d secured to the plate i a
part is screwed to this block and in it is adapted to slide a bent rod el which can
be fixed by means of a screw whereby the tension of a strong helical spring d
secured to the handle o at its other end is regulated. A pin engages with a groove
in the lever 0. A flat spring 2 is secured to the part
shoulder which stops the forward movement of the block
burin h.
and is provided with a
and consequently of the
By pressing laterally on the end of the spring 2 the shoulder his withdrawn and
the burin is applied against the cylinder to be engraved.
To render the burin inoperative the lever is drawn back until held by the
shoulder h³.
.
The dividing apparatus comprises the following parts (Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9).
Through the head-stock P passes a shaft A provided with a sleeve M destined as
already stated, to hold and rotate the cylinder to be engraved. To the shaft A is
keyed a dividing disc C preferably of about 57 centimetres in diameter, and provided
with say, 720 divisions. In front there is keyed to the shaft A. a second disc D
(Figs. 5 and 6) provided on its circumference with a large number of numbered holes
destined to receive pins which can be moved as desired.
Behind the dise C there is mounted loose on the shaft A, an arm E provided at G²
with two screws between the points of which is suspended a handle B2 provided
underneath with a knife edge B³ (Figs. 7 and 9) adapted to engage with the notches
of the dividing disc C. A spring holds the knife edge B in its notch, and the
releasing of said knife edge from its notch is effected by hand.
At the back there is also arranged a toothed wheel H, which can also turn loosely
on the shaft A and has secured to it a part M² open at the top so as to allow a stop R²
to pass. Said part M² being also provided with a set-screw $2.
In order to better understand the movement of rotation of the cylinder to be
engraved it is very important to consider that the toothed wheel H and the dividing
dise C are coupled together when the knife-edge 133 of the handle 12 engages with a
notch of said cam C.
On a bracket M³ secured to the body of the head-stock P is pivoted at. Ja balance-
beam J2, oscillating about a spindle parallel to the shaft A, and having a part Q,
which is held against the pins of the wheel D by means of a spring V This
part Q can be changed when desired and may have different shapes.
The working of the dividing apparatus, which is an important part of the
machine according to this invention is as follows:-
First it must be pointed out that it is absolutely necessary to arrange the operation
so as to have the last groove engraved in correct position by the side of the first
one, in spite of variations in intervals between the lines.
To attain this end the dividing apparatus is made in two parts: one enables the
operator always to select regularly on the circle an are of the same number of
divisions, and the other, automatically varies the length of said are according to a
rule determined beforehand by the operator.

page_text: The principle on which this apparatus works, will be now explained.
Fig. 10. Given a circle rotatable about its centre C, a point P taken in this
circle, an angle OMG capable of rotating about the point 0 with the condition
that the side M G always passes through the point P. Let us imagine now
that the circle is turned through a certain angle, and that the point Ps arrives
at P, the angle O'M G will then occupy the position (4 M G the point A',
the intersection of OM and of the circle will arrive at A. That point of the
circumference which is now at A was, before the rotation, at B. It has moved
through an angle corresponding to the arc B+ A³
Returning now to the original position, it will be noticed that if it is desired
to bring the point B, by rotation about the centre C, in contact with the
line OM, it will not be necessary to cause it to travel through the are A B,
but only through AB, the are A B being automatically lessened to the extent of
the are A' A.
It is easy to see that the smaller the angle M' the smaller will also be the
are AA
Fig. 11. It can be proved in the same manner that if M'G' had the opposite
direction and became Ñ K', the are traversed to bring about the contact, instead of
being diminished to the extent of A A5, would be on the contrary increased to the
same extent.
Fig. 12. Let us suppose now, in this figure, on the one hand that we have a circle,
the circumference of which is divided into equal parts, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 etc. adapted to
rotate about its centre, and a point P taken in this circle, and, on the other hand, a
curve abcdefg adapted to rotate about the point 0 of the line OL' (secured to
said curve) in the plane of the circle C.
If the circle C is rotated so as to successively bring its divisions in contact with
the line 0 L, the point Ps always remaining in contact with the curve a b c d e f g ,
the following will happen.
1st. The arc of rotation of the circle will be smaller than each of its divisions
when the point P rests on the portion a b c d of the curve.
2nd. The are of rotation of the circle will be greater than each of its divisions
when the point P rests on the other part d e f g of the curve.
3rd. These differences will be the greater the steeper the slope of the curve rela-
tively to the line (* Lt.
This Figure 12 will be completed by arranging other points of rest like P6,
at pl p², p³ etc. at such a distance from the centre that they always meet the curve.
It is not necessary that they should be at equal distances apart.
Under these conditions, if the circle C is rotated and stopped each time that the
divisions 1, 2, 3 . . . successively come in contact with 04 L, it will be seen that
the line L will have an oscillating motion and that at each stoppage of
the circle a variable rotary movement is obtained and the variations are pro-
gressive.
It will be also found-which is an essential point-that all the parts of the figure
will resume their original positions after a complete revolution. The dividing ap-
paratus of the machine acts in the same way.
The line OL of Fig. 12 corresponds, to the rod J2 of the machine (Fig. 6).
The curve a b c d e f g corresponds to the part Q.
The points P, P². P² ctc corresponds to the pins d' of the plate D.
Finally, the equal divisions 1, 2, 3, 4 etc. are easily taken on the dividing disc If
by means of a special mechanism which will be hereinafter described.
As stated, the disc C (Fig. 6) has 720 divisions. Supposing that it is desired to
make on the circumference of the cylinder to be engraved 240 variable divisions (of
course only sub-multiples of 720 can be used), it will be necessary to take the divi-
sions from three to three. The movement of the handle 12 will be regulated by
means of a screw $2 (the shoulder R2 of said handle alternately striking the point of
the screw $2 and the part M²) so that the knife edge B2 of said handle can engage,
after leaving one notch, only one three notches distant.

page_text: This precaution having been taken, let us assume that the parts occupy the
following position.
The knife-edge 3 of the handle B² engages with a notch, the shoulder R² touches
the screw S2, and the part M² is in contact with the arm J².
The following are the movements required to move the disc.
Press the part M² against the arm J2 to fix it, raise the handle B, with the other
hand in order to disengage the knife B3, pull said handle 132 towards the left until it
fall into the notch which, according to the way the machine is set, is situated under
the knife edge 133 and finally pull it towards the right, in order to bring it in contact
with the screw S².
It will be seen that in this to-and-fro movement of the handle B², the disc Ċ will
turn to a certain extent.
It must be remembered that the disc C is keyed to the shaft A (Fig. 5) which
carries the sleeve M destined to receive one of the journals of the cylinder to be
engraved. It will be understood that under these circumstances the cylinder will
participate in all the movements of the dividing disc C, in such manner that the
number of grooves will be thus determined and regulated.
As regards the distance between the grooves and its variation, the number of
variations and the rule according to which they are made, is as follows:-
It has been seen previously that the movement of the curve a b c d e f g (Fig. 12) :
produced an oscillating movement of the line OL, it will be easy to draw a
conclusion from this that the number of pins and their position on the disc D
(Fig.6) will determine the number and situation of the variations of distance on the
cylinder to be engraved. It will be also seen that the rule according to which these
distances or intervals vary, depends on the shape of the curve abcdefg (Fig. 12):
i.c. on the shape of the part Q (Fig. 6).
It may be necessary in order to preserve constant intervals, to stop the movenrent
of the arm. .J³. This will be easily effected by removing all the pins d' from the
dise D and replacing the part by a part carrying underneath a pin resting
against the circular edge of said dise D and in these conditions the arm J2 will not
oscillate.
The working of the whole machine will be now explained, a cylinder to be engraved
being chosen as an example.
Supposing that it is desired to trace two series of intersecting grooves on a cylinder
of 20 cm. diameter and about 1 m. 03 in length.
The first series will consist will consist of 360 wavy grooves inclined according to a
helical line with a pitch of 1 m. 03 x4 with 25 variations of the distances between
them.
The second series consists of 240 straight grooves traced parallel to the axis of the
cylinder and equidistant from one another.
The cylinder, previously turned, is fixed between the two headstocks P F (Fig. 1)
one of its journals being firmly gripped and carefully centred in the sleeve M. Then,
by means of the two bolts nn (Fig. 2), the position of the second part of the slide
rest is regulated relatively to the first, by firmly tightening the plate L' (Fig. 3) so
that the point of the burin nearly touches the cylinder, the lever 0 (Fig. 3) being 4
pulled into the position of rest. Then the following points must be considered and
determined.
1. The direction of the grooves.
2. Their shape.
3. Their depth.
4. Their number.
5. The intervals and their variations.
5
1. As regards the direction of the grooves. The intermediate toothed wheels are
arranged between the wheels U and H (Fig. 1) the wheel U making 3 revolutions
for 104 cm. of the travel of the slide rest. For 104 12 it will make 12 revolutions 5
and the wheel H which is six times larger will only make 2 revolutions if driven
directly. Therefore, in order to obtain one revolution on the bracket U1 (Fig. 1)

page_text: there are placed two wheels, one of which is twice as large as the other so as to reduce
to one the number of revolutions of the wheel I and consequently of the cylinder,
during a course of 104 cm. x 4.
The inclination of the lines is therefore thus regulated.
2. Shape of the grooves.
The type of the line to be produced must be chosen.
The cam can give a great variety of them according to the shape of the
groove f
Let us consider for instance a sinuous groove of the shape a bed, etc. (Fig. 13)
in which the element ab, cd, etc. has a height ah of about 5 millimetres, and
suppose it is desired to engrave a sinuous line (Fig. 14) in which the height a¹ h'
will be of 25 mm. and the elements a¹ b', bc, etc., to be 23 to 24 mm. long.
Determination of the height ah. This height is given by the amplitude of
oscillation of the burin, the position of which is determined as follows:-
Referring to Fig. 3 the distance of the pin engaging with the groove f' from
the line of oscillation determined by the points of the two screws 4. being say 8 cm.
and being the distance of the point of the burin h from this line, the oscillation y
of the pin and those y' of the burin will be as
In the example
chosen X
=
8×0.25
0.5
=4.
8.
T 8
1 whence x-
yis
Y
It will be necessary to fix the burin holder so as to have
the point of the burin at about 4 cm. from the axis of oscillation.
Determination of the length a. When the crank N (Fig. 3) makes one
revolution, the slide rest advances by about 345 cm. and if during this time the
cam f, provided with 7 groove-elements, makes one revolution, the burin will trace
a groove, the length of the elements of which will be if the cam makes in this
34:5
34.5
in,
34.5
whence n =
7z.
If
time u revolutions the length 3 of the element will be
221 cm. then n = 20 or about 2 centimetres.
The cam f must therefore make 2 revolutions, during one revolution of the crank.
The choice of intermediate toothed wheels to be placed between the wheels V and X
is then easily made.
In practical application it will be perhaps found more convenient for judging of
the effect of a line, to do away with calculations, and to make several experiments.
A simple and practical way of making such experiments without spoiling the
cylinders will be hereinafter described."
The width and depth of the grooves. The width of the groove depends on the
size of the burin, the depth is regulated by means of the screw on the plate & and
lock-nut m.
Number of grooves. The number of grooves is regulated by means of the dividing
apparatus as herein before described.
Variation of the intervals. It has been shown that the number of variations and
the position of the greatest interval correspond to the number and position of the
pins on the disc 1 (Fig. 6). It has been also shown that the rule which these
variations follow depends on the choice of the part Q.
All these operations having been quickly effected the machine is set and ready to
act. The engraving is effected as follows:-
Pull the lever ) (Fig. 1) so as to remove the burin from the cylinder, and turn
the crank so as to bring the point of the burin towards the left hand end of the
cylinder, release the burin by pressing on the spring 2 which holds it, and turn the
crank N so as to cause the slide to move towards the right. After a line has been
completed, bring the slide rest back to the left, turn the handle B2, trace a new line,
as just described, and so on.
Now the second series of straight equidistant grooves parallel to the axis of the
cylinder has to be traced.

page_text: In order to trace straight lines, the machine must be arranged as previously
explained.
In order to make these lines parallel to the axis of the cylinder, the intermediate
wheels U¹ are done away with, as already explained.
To makes these lines equidistant, the arm Je must be fixed.
The desired two series of grooves on the cylinder will be thus obtained.
The same combinations of lines can be obtained by means of the same machine on
flat surfaces of plates destined to be used for embossing, stamping or ornamenting
in which case the machine is completed by the following parts.
A vertical frame consisting of two cast iron uprights and stays, is strongly secured
to the uprights of the bench B (Fig. 15) an iron table T can slide vertically along
this frame, by means of guides D E (Figs. 15, 16 17) the guide E preventing it
from moving away under the pressure of the buriu, while the guide D guides it in
its vertical movement. Balance weights F6 maintain the equilibrium. Finally a
tooth-rack G engages with the wheel X keyed to the shaft A.
The table T is provided with vertical grooves T" in which are adapted to slide
bolts provided with tightening nuts serving to fix the plate. Te to be engraved.
The support a of the burin (Fig. 18). will have to be moved to the other end of the
plate L
This arrangement necessitates an addition to the spindle Y' of an extension Y
screw threaded at Y". The toothed wheel which in the first arrangement drove the
cam f, will be fixed at X., A bracket 2 provided with a bearing supports the end
of the spindle.
All the movements previously described with reference to a cylinder, to be
engraved, are made by the wheel X which transmits them to the tooth rack G and
consequently to the plate T to be engraved.
The operations to be made as well as the adjustment of the machine, for engraving
a plate, are absolutely the same as for engraving a cylinder.
The simple and practical means of making experiments in order to be able to
judge of the effect produced by a line without damaging the cylinders so as to be
able to study different combinations of lines before proceeding to engrave a cylinder,
consists in fixing on said cylinder, by any desired means (say, by applying sealing
wax or gum at a few points) a sheet of paper well stretched and replacing the burin
by a pencil. Then the arrangements made and parts used for each operation are
carefully noted, viz.,
For the direction of lines. The wheels used as intermediate wheels for obtaining
the rotation of the cylinder (if rotation takes place).
For the shape of the lines. The number of the cam (each different can must be
numbered) the intermediate wheels for determining the speed of rotation of said
cam, the position of the burin holder on the oscillating plate which position is
ascertained by noting the corresponding division.
For the number of the lines. The number of divisions taken on the dividing disc
at each movement of the handle.
For the variation of the intervals between the lines. If the engraving is effected
on the disc 1) must be noted,
with varying intervals, the number of the pins d placed
and the numbers of holes of said disc into which they have been placed, if the
variations are not uniform.
For the rule of these variations. Note the number or shape of the part Q which
presses against the pins dt.
These observations can be engraved by means of a dry point on one of the ends
of the engraved cylinder, so that it will be easy to reproduce an engraving of the
same kind.
The machine according to this invention as described enables lines to be traced on
cylinders the inclination of which varies within certain not very wide limits, i.e.,
they can be parallel to the axis of the cylinder, or form with it an angle up to
about 45°.
Certain modifications may be made in the machine in order

page_text: 1. To enable helical lines of any pitch, even of only a few millimetres, to be traced
on the cylinders.
2. To enable circular lines or circles either equi-distant or at different intervals
regulated by the dividing dise, to be traced on the cylinders.
These modifications are as follows:
As regards the dividing apparatus.
The principle of the mechanism to vary the distances between the grooves, remains.
the same, the same dividing disc is retained as well as the oscillating lever
terminating in an interchangeable part Q, of varying shapes, which strikes the
pins of the small disc D provided with holes.
The part M (Figs. 21, 22, 23) which replaces the part M² of the first construction,
is not screwed permanently to the toothed wheel I, but can be independent of it or
connected to it by means of two screws. The circular groove of the part M2 enables
a great distance to be obtained between the fixed stop H and the movable
stop Ki.
The part G carries the handle N which is not pivotted on points, as in the first
construction, but pivots about a pin S7 (Fig. 22) in a plane parallel to that of the
dividing disc. The knife edge 13 engages with the divisions of said disc, and is held
by a spring. The projection R7 is destined to strike alternately at H7 and K.
The oscillating arm J2 is provided with a rod L' movable in a socket F7. This rod
serves to determine the stoppage of the part M. On the front of the dividing disc C
is secured the toothed wheel D.
Finally and this is important the dividing disc C and the toothed wheel II can
be keyed to the shaft A or rotate freely on it as desired: this is effected by means of
an easily removable key.
Other modifications in the machine may be as follows:-
:-
An addition of an endless screw G8 (Fig. 19) which passes through a nut K8 secured
to the bracket K₁ of the slide K, by means of two screws 8, enabling the nut Ke to be
easily removed when desired. The screw G6 is connected to the toothed wheel D
by means of a toothed wheel B7 (Figs. 21 and 22)-a connection that can be easily
removed.
The spindle (Figs 24, 25) passes, as before, through a bearing N¹; the two
wheels EF are, in this case, independent of each other, and can be secured to this
to this spindle by a set-screw or withdrawn as desired.
A nut 18 (Fig. 25) has passing through it the endless screw G, and like the nut K8,
can be secured to the bracket of the slide by means of two screws, or removed as
desired.
The working of the machine with the above modifications is as follows:-
When the dividing disc is keyed to the shaft A, the wheel H, rendered free on said
shaft (Figs. 21, 22) and the part M secured to said wheel by means of a screw the
dividing apparatus acts in absolutely the same manner as described. In this case it
is necessary to take care to unscrew the nut K8 (Fig. 24) which causes the slide to
participate in the movement, through the intermediary of the endless screw G
(shown on the right hand side in Fig. 24).
If it is desired to obtain helical lines of a very large pitch, between say 20 metres
and 40 cm., the nut HB is removed and the wheel F (Figs. 24 and 25) is keyed on.
the slide rest is then caused to participate in the movement, as described in the first
instance by means of the wheel F¹.
But when the pitch is to be between 40 cm. and 6 or 8 min., the wheel F¹ is
rendered loose, and the nut 48 is screwed on the slide rest. It will be seen that in
this case the pitch of the helical line is considerably reduced, as at each revolution of
the shaft A the slide advances only to the extent of one division of the screw G.
that is to say 6 or 8 mm. instead of advancing through the whole development of
the wheel F that is to say about 34 cm.
The handle B2 is modified as at N7 in order that it may not prevent complete
rotation of the dividing apparatus. The stop L' can be moved back in order to
give passage to a small stop R7 which is arranged over the knife edge B³.

page_text: In order to be able to engrave on the cylinder circular lines, either equidistant or
at variable intervals it is necessary to connect by means of a coupling key the
wheel to the shaft A, to remove the screw which couples said wheel to the
part M7, and to disconnect (by removing the coupling key) the dividing disc C and
the toothed wheel D', so as to render then loose on the shaft A; to secure the
wheel B (shown in position in dotted lines) to the screw G8; it will be readily seen
that the wheel B7 serves to transmit to the screw G8 all the movements of the
dividing disc; to remove the nut H8 (Fig. 25) as well as the wheel F', in short
all that operates the advance of the slide through the intermediary of the shaft A
and screw G; this having been done, the dividing apparatus must be arranged as
explained before according as it is desired to obtain variable or constant
intervals.
All these arrangements having been made, the apparatus works as follows:-
At each movement, the dividing disc will turn to a determined extent without
causing the cylinder to turn, but causing the screw G (Figs. 21, 22) to participate
in the movement through the intermediary of the wheel 13. The slide will be
caused to move to a slight extent by the nut Ks (Fig. 8) but it will not move when
the handle N attached to the spindle is turned. The movement of this spindle
will be transmitted by the wheels E' D' and the bevel wheels, to the endless screw G
which, in its turn transmits their rotary motion to the wheel H through the
wheels 138. (Figs. 21 22) and the intermediate wheels and thus the cylinder will be
caused to rotate in front of the stationary slide rest.
There is another modification that may be made without altering the spirit of the
invention the grooved screw G (Fig. 24) may be replaced by the following device.
G (Figs. 19 and 27) is a cylindrical rod rotating between bearings and provided
with a groove G10 throughout the whole of its length (like the endless screw which it
replaces); and similar bevel pinions 131 C2 are employed as in the first construc-
tion; the wheel that engaged with the screw for quickly moving the slide rest
is here placed at D shown dotted in position by the side of the wheel D¹ and
engages with a tooth rack D. The nut which has been screwed to the slide
rest and received its movement from the endless screw for the slow advance of
the slide rest and for forming helical lines of very small pitch is here replaced by
a worm P7 (Fig. 20) which is fixed to the socket Ps carrying a bevel pinion B¹.
This worm therefore turns with the pinion and engages with a tooth rack C³,
and gives the same results as the nut which it replaces.
This modified arrangement is pointed out as it may give more exact results than
the first.
On the oscillating plate two or more burins could be also arranged and caused to
work during the return as well as advance movements or the burin could be rotated
or burins with several points could be used for tracing concentric circles arcs etc. or
the burin could be given a movement from the front backwards from the shaft
on which the cam is mounted, or by any other means either for obtaining
interrupted lines or for mechanically engraving circles arcs or other figures at
determined points.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent and in what manner the
same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is:-
1. The system of engraving for producing watering embossing stamping or decora-
tive effects comprising the formation of two or more series of straight wavy or other
grooves with either constant intervals or intervals varying according to a determined
rule, intersecting at suitable angles said series of grooves in parts coming together
and merging into one another along for a certain distance and in parts having,
between them an interval offering to the light more or less wide faces inclined to
a greater or lesser extent according to the curvature of the lines and producing new
decorative light effects applicable to all materials adapted to be watered embossed or
stamped or ornamented.

page_text: 2. In apparatus for engraving mechanically the series of grooves of the kind
described according to predetermined rules depending on the effects to be obtained
on cylinders or plates used for watering embossing stamping or ornamenting com-
prising a dividing apparatus enabling either helical or circular grooves to be made
mechanically at variable intervals with a dise Chaving uniform divisions and a disc D
with a series of pins co-operating with a part Q of suitable shape depending on the
effect to be obtained, secured to a pivotted arm J2; said disc C being actuated by a
handle so as to produce movement of the cylinder or plate to be engraved relatively
to the burin for tracing helical grooves of a certain pitch said movement being
effected through an endless screw G or recessed rod G³ combined either with a
worm P and rack C8 or a toothed wheel D and rack 110 or the movement of the
slide rest supporting the burin for tracing circular grooves by means of the screw GS
and nut Ks.
3. In apparatus for engraving mechanically the series of grooves of the kind
described a slide supporting the burin and moved by a screw G co-operating with a
nut Hs or bevel pinions B' D' driving a wheel F' said movements being produced at
each revolution according to the determined pitch by means of a set of wheel
connecting the wheel F¹ to the dividing apparatus the limits of pitch that can be
produced by means of the screw G being considerably increased by the combination
of the latter either with the nut. 8 or by the combination with the said device of
pinion and wheels B' D' F' whereby the screw is equivalent to two screws of
considerably different pitch.
4. In apparatus for engraving mechanically the series of grooves of the kind
described a slide supporting the burin K the burin being capable of oscillating while
the slide moves and the cylinder rotates or the plate to be engraved moves whereby
it is possible to obtain straight sinuous or other grooves the combination being
attained by an oscillating plate supporting the burin connected to one or a
series of interchangeable cams operated by the screw G by means of intermediate
wheels the cam groove of the cam corresponding to the lines or grooves of the
determined type.
4. The complete machine substantially as described or illustrated in the accom-
panying drawings.