CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS OR ADDITIONS TO MACHINES FOR SPINNING COTTON, SILK, AND WOOL
Year: 1804

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
WOOD, of Manchester, in the County Palatine of Lancaster, Machine Maker,.
send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of His United Kingdom, bearing
date at Westminster, the Tenth day of January, in the forty-fourth year of
His reign, give and grant unto me, the said John Wood, His especial
licence that I, the said John Wood, during the term of years therein
mentioned, should and lawfully might use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS OR ADDITIONS TO MACHINES FOR SPINNING COTTON, SILK,
AND WOOL;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso obliging
me, the said John Wood, by an instrument in writing under my hand and scal,
to cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in His Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within one calendar month after the date of the said
recited Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Wood, do hereby declare that my said Invention is described in the
Drawings hereunto annexed, and the following description thereof, viz* :-
Figure 1, geometrical side view; Figure 2, geometrical top view.
Figure 1. The copping part. A represents an axle of iron supporting
worm and wheel; B, the worm acting..... the wheel C, which raises the slide E
by the rising motion D, which is made fast in center of wheel C. F represents

page_text: a piece of iron groved, in which C slides. The wheel C is attached to the
same by a fixed stud, the rising motion D having less ascent at the beginning
to raise the thickness of the copp, and then raises with more ascent as the
shape of the copp requires, the rising motion D moving once round whilst the
machine is spinning one doffing. G represents an iron frame connected to
the slide E by a wire attached to the wood frame by its pivots A, A, for the
purpose of conducting the faller. This frame is seen at large in Figure 3.
H represents an iron axle acting on its pivots, supporting the lever I, which
conducts the strap upon pullies J, J. The axle H supports another lever
connected to the frame G for the purpose of moving the strap lever I. Sec
it at large in Figure 4. K represents an iron axle acting on its pivots, sup-
porting levers L, L, connected to the lever M by the rod P. N is a latch
supporting the weight O by the lever M. M is connected to the lever Q by
the wire R.
Figure 2: J, J, represents conical or spiral pullies for the purpose of run-
ning the carriage quicker as the cop increaseth in size. The pully B is con-
nected with J by a latch and ratchet. The pully A is fast on axle I. The
pullies B and J are loose on axle I. The under conical or spiral pully J, to
which pullies A and B are attached, may be seen at large in Figure 5. K is
a trible pully, fast on its axle, turned by two bands from pully A and B, the
one crossed and the other open; see Figure 5. D represents an iron axlo
supporting three levers P, F, and E, the lever F resting on lever G, which
is upon axle H. The lever M is attached to lever N by a wire. There is
latch upon lever N, which acts in ratchet O. The ratchet is fast to the
rim axle. The lever N is loose upon the rim axle. Q represents a strap
lever acting on its center R, connected to the latch S by a pin, for the
of conducting the strap T by the power of a weight from pully A: to pully B,
which may be seen by Q, R, S, in Figure 3. U represents the top of an axle
supporting a lever and a crank; see Figure 6.
twist pully axle. V represents a loose pully.
pully W and L; see S, S, Figure 1.
a
purpose
W represents a fast pully or
There is a strap goes betwixt
Figure 7: A represents the under faller, with additional ends B, B, for the
purpose of holding it down by two cranks projecting from under the center of
the top faller, whilst the carriage draws out.
Figure 8 A represents a hollow tube of iron fixed across the top faller,
containing mercury or round weight in proportion to the number of spindles
used. In these plans there are only three steam pullies, which is the usual
number. When they act upon the rim shaft the drawing-out pully is next to
the rim, the double-speed steam pully is in the middle, the loose pully on the

page_text: outside, acting on the socket of the middle pully, the loose pully being double
for the purpose of backing off and winding on by the strap T in Figure 2.
Figure 2, the mule, when put into gear. The strap lever, pressing against
the lever U, conducts the strap T upon the pully A by the lever Q,
Figure 1. The carriage, drawing out,, raises weight by the lever Q. The
catch N holds the weight O by the lever M. At the same time the levers L, L,
move the strap S, S, opposite the fast pully. The fast pully may be seen by
W, in Figure 2, the mule having given twist, Figure 2, the strap coming to
the loose steam. pully x, which moves the strap T, which immediately stops.
The mule, in backing off the ratchet O, returning back, lifts lever F by its con-
nection, which also raiseth the latch S, the weight T pulling the lever Q, which
moves the strap to pully B, to run up the carriage and turn the spindles.
The weight T may be seen in Figure 1. Figure 2, the lever E puts down the
faller, which liberates the under faller at the time it backs off the tube Q, at
the end of the top faller, which the spinner takes hold of to wind on in the
common mode of spinning, the mercury moving in the tube from the other
side of the center of the faller, laying its weight on the threads in winding on.
The the carriage, going up the top faller, is directed by a crank projecting
from the faller, acting on the top of the frame G, Figure 1. The under faller A,
Figure 7, the ends to which the wire is fastened are made longer than
the wire, can raise the threads higher than usual. The carriage, when nearly
.run up, the under faller A is gradually moved out of the way, that the top
faller may take up the surplus of the yarn, without snarling, by descending a
little lower down. The top faller is drawn up by the strength of the yarn to
the ends of the spindles. The mercury or weight lifts the faller off the yarn
by running to the opposite side of the center again, which holds the fallers
while drawing out when the carriage is nearly run up, Figure 1, which lifts
the latch N, the lever M pressing against the lever that puts the drawing-out
and bevel wheel into gear. The mule, at the same time, is put into gear, if
required, by the strap lever being connected with the lever M by a wire or
band. If the conical or spiral pullies J, J, keep from varying more than one
inch or two each stretch from the proportion of the cop, the top faller will take
up the surplus of the yarn at the end of each stretch; by descending, Figure 1,
the frame G is raised, is stretched by a canted pin of the carriage turning
the wheel B. The end pully, which conducts the bands to the drums, is here
taken off the carriage, and planted on the floor in the middle betwixt twist
and back pullies. The band, coming from the opposite end of the carriage,
goes round the end pully and back pully and twist pully as usual. Another
method of winding on with the fallers:-The under faller is made fast, and the

page_text: top faller not governed by any thing but the strength of the yarn, whilst the
carriage runs up. This method does not form the cop so well as the other.
Figure 9: This varies a little in principle from the other plan. A repre-
sents an iron lever planted over the twist pully, attached to strap lever by a
notch moving on its center B. J represents an iron axle supporting the
wheel I and the worm K, standing perpendicular under the frame near the
carriage, betwixt twist and back pullies. The pully L goes upon the end
Loose pully N goes upon the
of the twist pully, next to the carriage.
axle of the back pully. Loose pully O goes upon the. axle of the end
pully loose, having two grooves for the band to run in. As the end pully M
is a conical pully, fast on the axle of the first drum next to the. end pully, the
pullies L, M, N, O, are banded, as the end or conducting pully and back
pully and twist pully.
The rack A, in Figure 10, is used here. The carriage, drawing out, raises
the weight S by the rack on the carriage acting in the wheel I. The wheel
having given twist, and the strap coming to the loose steam pully, the circular
end of the lever A presses upon the pully L, which stops the mule. The
weight S being drawn up to the top, the band W crosses the surface of the
worm, laying its weight on the opposite side of the centre, which presses the
carriage back, which turns the spindles in backing off. The faller is put
down at the same time by a fast stud on the frame, the band drawing off
the shoulder of the worm K, the weight returning its power to the same side
by the centre again, which runs the carriage up. The lever A is freed from
the the pully L by the strap lever when the mule is put into gear. The
same copping part and winding on with the faller is used here as in Figure 1.
The band is guided on the conical pully M by strap lever I, guided as the
strap in Figure 1.
Figure 10 are substitutes. A represents a rack acting on its centres B, B,
attached to the carriage under the frame near the floor, the top conical
pully J, see Figure 1, being removed to the bottom under the lower conical
pully J, so that the wheel C, in Figure 2, can act in the rack A upon the
carriage to run the carriage up. When the rack is used there is no need, at
the same time, of lever Q and lever M, latch N, and weight O, in Figure 1.
Figure 10: Z represents an axle standing perpendicular under the rim axle.
The bevel pinions G and F go upon the socket of the loose steam pully fast
the distance of the size of the bevel wheel C from each other, so that the
bevel wheel C can act first in G to back off with when changing into F to
wind on with. The bevel wheel C is changed from bevel pinion G to
pinion F in the same manner as strap T is changed from pully A to pully B

page_text: in Figure 2. The conical pully E on axle Z answers the purpose of under
conical pully J, in Figure 2, without pullies A and B. The other conical
pully J stands perpendicular, so that the pinion C can act in the rack upon
the carriage. The conical pullies are acted in the same manner as before.
The pully D on axle Z turns the pully W, see Figure 2, by a strap or band.
The substitutes already spoken of make the plan much simpler, Figuro 10..
When the axle Z and its materials are used there is no need of the under
spiral pully J, pully A, and pully B, and the treble pully K, in Figure 2.
Figure 10: The wheel H also may be substituted instead of the conical
pully J in Figure 5. The pully B, in Figure 5, having a socket squared, the
wheel H is slided on the socket of pully B by the lever I, in the same manner
as it slides the strap on the conical pullies in Figure 1, the teeth of the
wheel H acting the top conical pully J, covered with leather. It also answers
the same purpose by acting upon the flat end of the conical pully, covered with
leather. Figure 10: The heart on pully Q may be attached to the slide E,
in Figuro 1, by a pin through the centre. This copping part may be planted
upon the carriage under the faller. A.fixed band goes round the pully Q.
The carriage moving, moves the faller up and down by the heart on pully Q.
Figure 10: represents a crank, with weight 3, and may be substituted
instead of tube A, in Figure 8, fixed on the top faller with the weight hanging
down, laying its weight on each side of the centre, as required. Figure 10:
R represents an axle on its centres; supporting levers S and T may also be
substituted instead of tube A, in Figure 8. The lovers S and T act upon a
lever standing across fast upon the top faller, the axle R also standing in tho
same position, supported by the carriage. The faller descending, the weight W
lays its power on the threads by the lever S, the faller being raised up by the
threads again to the top of the spindles. The lever S falling off the weight W
lays its power on the opposite side the center of the faller by lever T, which
holds the fallers when the carriage draws out.. Figure 10: J represent an
iron lever acting on its centre I, planted under the end of the frame, the
end L pressing against the front part of the carriage, and may be substituted
instead of conical pullies J, J, Figure 1 and Figure 2, for the purpose of
running the carriage quicker as the copp increases. Figure 10: N represents
an iron axle supporting pully O and lever P. The lever P is loose on axle N,
and is moved nearer the the center of the lever J, as the copp increases, by
the lever I, in the same manner as it moves the strap. In Figure 1 there is
a pully on the twist-wheel axle, which acts the lever P by a strap to the
pully O. The lever P moves the carriage up by moving the lever J as it
nasses by

page_text: The above-mentioned plans answer for machines called mules and jennies,
and also that part of spinning called stretching, and that part of spinning
called roving on billies, and every other spinning machine that draws out for
the purpose of spinning cotton, silk, and wool. Note.-There can be no
exact size given of the materials in these plans further than is given in the
Drawing, machines are so variable in their calculations.
The terms made use of in this Specification belonging to mules, water frames,
and throstles, which are not in the Drawing:-Steam pullies, multiplying or
twist pullies,.end or conducting pullies, drums, bands, spindles, carriage frame
rollers, Mendoza or drawing-out wheel, top faller, twist wheel axle, rim axle,
back pully. Terms belonging to throstles and water frames:-Frame, creel,
spindles, and bobbins, and copping board.
Figure 11 is an improvement upon perpetual spinning with bobbin and
flyers. A represents a lever upon its pivots B, B, which acts a strap upon
spiral pullies K, L. The pin C acts in the worm upon the screw D. The
screw D supports the ratchet E. G represents a latch supported by the
lever F, acting in the ratchet E. H represents a faller acting upon its
pivots I, I. There is another tin drum used here for the purpose of turning
the bobbins, representing the same as is used in the common mode of turning
the spindles, and is planted in the centre of the frame, under the creel. The
pully L goes upon the axle of the tin roller, lying horizontal for the purpose
of turning the bobbins. The pully K is planted in the same direction, acting
on its pivots N, N. The faller If may be planted upon the frame, near the
crecl or most convenient place. There are warves or pullies under the bobbins
connected to the bobbins by wire or pin from the warve. The machine
acting the wire M lies under the yarn or threads to keep the threads on
stretch. When the bobbins take up the yarn or threads too quick, the stud
or pin O, on the faller H, it presses against the end of the lever F, which
directs the strap on spiral pullies K, L, by the lever A, which causes the
bobbins to wind on slower. By that means the faller wire M raises the
threads higher by the weight J. At the same time the lever F rises the
stud on faller H. Whilst the faller is rising up, the lever A and the
screw D, and the ratchet E stands still, the copp increases in size, which pulls
the faller gradually down again.. The pin O presses as usual on the lever F,
and so on, as the copp increases.
.
Figure 12: This differs a little in principle from Figure 11. It is for the
purpose of regulating the friction or drags under the bobbins. A represents
an iron axle supporting the lever C and the crank B, B. The copping board
is made into two halves, and then attached together by joints. There are two

page_text: holes or notches, one in cach half of the copping board, to receive the ends of
the cranks B, B. The axle A stands perpendicular. The faller H is used
here for the same purpose as in Figure 11, standing in the same position.
The lever C is connected to the faller H, in Figure 11, by the wire D, to a
crank projecting from under the pivot of the faller, the machine acting the
faller rising up with the yarn, which opens the copping board, which gives
more friction to the bobbins, which causes the faller to descend, which shuts
the copping board, which regulates the drag as the copp increases.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Wood, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, the Fourth day of February, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and four, and desire it to be inrolled in
duo form
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Fourth day of February,
in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid John Wood came before our
Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained, in form above written.
And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of
the Statute in that case made and provided.
Inrolled the Seventh day of February, in the year above written.