Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres for Velocipedes and other Vehicles
Year: 1896

page_text: For the Title in the Provisional Specification read "Improvements in
Pneumatic Tyres for Velocipedes and other Vehicles."

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Mar., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 16th June, 1896-Accepted, 8th Aug., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Pneumatic Tyres for
Velocipedes and other Vehicles.
I, CHARLES FITZROY ALEXANDER HALLIFAX BAGOT of 59 Cadogan Square
in the County of London Esquire do hereby declare the nature of my invention
to be as follows:-
My invention has for its object to provide improved pneumatic tyres for
velocipedes and other vehicles made so that they have an efficient bearing surface
with a narrowed normal tread, and are not liable to be injured by the application
of the brake.
The portion of the tyre which bears upon the road I make in transverse section
with a plain curved part of specially graduated vulcanization and in cross section
struck with a smaller radius which in normal running is the only part which bears
on the road; at each side of this, are two projecting portions which bear on the
road should the wheel tilt sideways so as to guard against the skidding and
consequent sideway falling of the machine. The brake shoe is preferably shaped
so that it corresponds with the shape of the cross-section of the periphery of the
wheel and as this presents no projections in the direction of rotation the application
of the brake causes no injury to the periphery of the wheel.
Dated this 24th day of March 1896.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47 Lincoln's Inn Fields, Loudon, W.C., Agents.
Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres for Velocipedes and other
Vehicles.
I, CHARLES FITZROY ALEXANDER HALLIFAX BAGOT of 59 Cadogan Square,
in the County of London, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention has for its object to provide improved pneumatic tyres for
velocipedes and other vehicles the said tyres having an efficient and narrowed
so that their running speed and their durability are increased and they
not being liable to be injured by the application of the brake their narrowed tread
and their resiliency being permanently maintained.
In describing my invention I will refer to the accompanying drawings wherein
Figure 1 is a section of a tyre constructed in accordance with my invention.
Figure 2 is a part of a tyre spread out and
Figure 3 illustrates the application of the brake shoe.
The portion of the vulcanized rubber covering B of the tyre which bears upon
the ground I make in transverse section with a plain curved part at b which and
the parts contiguous to it are of what may be termed specially graduated
vulcanization (of layers hardest outwards and, gradually softer inwards) the said

page_text: part 6 being in cross section struck with a smaller radius than from the centre of
the tyre (as indicated in dotted lines in Figure 3) and being in normal running the
only part which bears on the ground. The hardening of the outer part or layer or
tread proper is carried preferably to a greater degree than usual and the hardening
of the layers inward of this is less as they are situated inwards so that the inner-
most layer is softest and the inward part is left resilient to the fullest possible
extent. This may be done by vulcanizing and "curing" separate layers so that
they are of different degrees of hardness and then joining them with the hardest
layer outermost and the softest layer innermost the layers of intermediate hardness
being interposed so that in effect there is a gradually lessening hardness inwards,
and then the whole of the tyre thus formed is subjected to a further vulcanization
and "curing" process. In the drawings the breadth of the lines represents the
hard and soft parts the thicker lines representing the harder layers and the thinner
lines the softer layers. It is preferred to have the outermost layer vulcanized to
as high a degree of hardness as possible consistent with the proper retention of
tenacity and non-liability to split or crack the innermost layer being very soft or
resilient and the intervening layers being as aforesaid of gradually increasing
hardness from the inner to the outer layer.
The narrowed and gradually hardened tread thus made secures great durability
of the tyre and, by reducing friction with the ground, increases the speed of the
machine to which the tyre is applied. It also lessens risk of perforation of the air
chamber or space. At each side of this narrowed tread the tyre is formed with
two ridges as shewn in Figure 3 bounded by arcs of circles struck as indicated.
These portions of the tyre act as thrust pieces against which the thrust of the edge
portions of the narrowed tread is received. The said projecting portions also bear
on the road should the wheel tilt sideways to a considerable extent so as to guard
against or reduce skidding and consequent sideway falling of the machine. The
recesses at 6' extending round the tread of the wheel are for giving a lateral grip
ou the ground and this action is to a minor degree similar to that of the projecting
portions. The mud instead of adhering to the tyre and clogging its surface as
hitherto is cast off as the wheel revolves. As the tyre presents no projections in
the direction of rotation and the brake shoe A is shaped (as shewn in full lines in
Figure 3) so that it corresponds with the general curve of the cross section of the
periphery of the wheel from a to y the application of the brake causes no injury to
the periphery of the wheel.
In Figure 1 c is the air chamber situated inside the tyre but the tyre covering
may if desired be made a complete tube, to itself constitute the air chamber.
I have described the aforesaid gradual vulcanization as applied to a tyre of
the particular shape shewn but it may be applied to plain tyres or tyres of other
shapes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is.to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A tyre of which the tread and adjoining parts are formed by gradual
vulcanization substantially as herein before described.
2. A tyre of cross section substantially as described and shewn in the drawings.
3. A tyre of cross section.substantially as described and shewn in the drawings
such tyre having its tread and adjoining parts formed by gradual vulcanization.
4. The improved tyres hereinbefore described.
Dated this 15th day of June 1896.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Mar., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 16th June, 1896-Accepted, 8th Aug., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Pneumatic Tyres for
Velocipedes and other Vehicles.
I, CHARLES FITZROY ALEXANDER HALLIFAX BAGOT, of 59 Cadogan Square, in
the County of London, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of my invention to be
as follows:-
My invention has for its object to provide tyres for velocipedes and other vehicles,
which whilst their practical resiliency is not interfered with are not liable to be
ruptured by perforation.
According to my invention I provide between the air chamber and the outer
covering a layer of discs, or scales of metal, vulcanite, celluloid, or equivalent
material, which are arranged, combined, and connected, in such manner as to
minimize risk of perforation. These are preferably in the form of thin circular or
partly circular metal discs connected together in rows of sufficient number of
discs to extend from side to side of the periphery. The connection of the com-
ponent discs of each row is preferably made by a tag or tongue, formed at an
edge of the overlapping part of one disc, being passed through a corresponding
hole or slot in the overlapping or underlapping part of the next adjacent disc
and then bent back so as to connect the discs together. Or the connection of the
component discs of each row may be made by means of rivets which are passed
through holes in the overlapping parts of each two adjacent discs. The rivets
are not caused to bind the discs together rigidly but are left with a sufficient
length of shank to give "play" between the discs which may be effected by
placing temporarily a forked tool upon the discs so as to embrace the shank of
the rivet before it is "upset" or rivetted over, a small collar being, if required,
placed on the shank before rivetting is effected. The rows of discs thus made are
then preferably connected to each other by a tag or tongue at the bottom edge
of each disc being passed through a corresponding slot or hole near the bottom
edge of the disc in the row by which it is overlapped or underlapped the said tag
or tongue being then bent back so as to engage the discs together. Or the rows
of discs may be connected to a backing or to a strip, or strips, for example they
may be connected to, or enclosed in, canvas connected to the rim similarly to the
outer cover, or they may be connected to thin metal strips extending in the
direction of the circumference of the wheel the connection being made by means
of bent wire loops or rivets, passed through slots in the strips, or backing, and
through corresponding slots in the discs and then "upset" or rivetted over. Each
disc is thus attached separately to the row of dises in its own line and to the row
of discs at right angles to that line whilst freedom of movement of each disc in
the vertical direction is preserved. The discs of each row overlap in a direction
the reverse of the rows below and above it. The discs are arranged relatively to
each other and caused to overlap to such an extent that at no place is there less
than two thicknesses of metal; whilst the method of connection gives the requisite
freedom of motion between the discs.
Dated this 28th day of May 1906
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents..

page_text: Improvements in and connected with Pneumatic Tyres for
Velocipedes and other Vehicles.
I, CHARLES FITZROY ALEXANDER HALLIFAX BAGOT, of 59 Cadogan Square, in
the County of London, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement :-
My invention has for its object to provide an improved arrangement for preventing
rupture of the air chamber in pneumatic tyres for velocipedes or other vehicles.
In describing my invention I will refer to the accompanying drawings wherein
Figures 1 and 2 are views of opposite. sides of the central or "tread" discs
constituting a puncture-proof band as hereinafter described.
Figures 3 and 4 shew the left and right terminals of the "tread" discs where
side discs are used therewith.
Figures 5 and 6 shew the left and right "side" discs.
Figures 7 and. 8 are reverse views, of a numbor of the "tread" discs connected
together and
Figure 9 shews a part of the puncture-proof band when both "tread" discs and
"side" discs are used.
a
"
near
According to my invention, I provide, between the air chamber or space and
the outer covering, a layer of discs, or scales; of metal, vulcanite, celluloid, or
equivalent material, not readily puncturable, which are arranged, combined, and
connected, in such manner as to minimize risk of perforation. These are preferably
in the form of thin circular, or partly circular, metal discs, connected together by
end and side rivets or tags in rows of sufficient number of discs to extend over
the central, or tread, portion of the tyre. These may be used alone, but, for the
still better protection of the whole tyre and to provide for the adaptation of the
puncture-proof band to the curve of the tyre as a whole, the tread-band, formed
by the "tread-discs," may be attached, on each side, to "side-discs" connectel to
form "side-bands" which extend round the side portions of the tyre to as
the edges of the rim as may be desired. The said "side-bands '
may be formed
of discs so connected as to render these "side-bands" more pliable than is the
"troad-band," which latter may, as before indicated, be used without the "side-
bands" if desired. The connection of the component discs of each row is preferably
made, (as shewn in the drawings where the discs are marked A, A2 and A³) by
tag, or tongue, a, formed at an edge of the overlapping part of each disc, being
passed through a corresponding hole, or slot, a2, in the overlapping, or under-
lapping, part of the next adjacent disc, and then bent back so as to connect the
discs together; or the connection of the component discs of each row may be
made by means of rivets, which are passed through holes in the overlapping parts
of each two adjacent discs. These rivets are not caused to bind the discs together
rigidly, but are left with a sufficient length of shank to give "play," or move-
ment, between the discs. The rows of discs thus made are then preferably
connected to each other by a tag, or tongue, as, at the bottom edge of each disc,
being passed through a corresponding slot, or hole, a', in the disc in the row by
which it is overlapped, or underlapped, the said tag, or tongue, as, being then
bent. back so as to engage the discs together. Or rivets may as before be used
in place of tags. Each disc is thus attached separately to the row of discs in its
own lateral line and to the row of discs at right angles to that line, whilst freedom
of movement, of each, disc in the, vertical direction is preserved. The discs of
each, row of the "tread-band" overlap in a reverse direction to the rows respec-
tively below and above it. The discs, in the said "tread-band," arranged relatively

page_text: to each other as described; overlap to such an extent that at no place is there less
than two thicknesses of metal, or material, of which the discs are made; whilst
the method of connection gives the requisite freedom of motion between the discs.
The terminal discs of each lateral row of discs in the "tread-band" are (if the
"side-bands be used) preferably of the shape shewn in Figures 3 and 4 so as to
readily engage with the discs of the "side" bands which are preferably of the
shape shewn in Figures 5 and 6. Every second row of discs of the "tread" discs
is laterally connected with the row of discs of the side bands by the projections
and slots at the sides as shewn, and therefore each of the said side bands contains
only half the number of rows of discs of the tread band. The discs A3 and also
the rows of these discs A³ overlap each other to a small extent only in order to
render these side-bands more pliable than the tread bands and also because at the
sides of the tyre the protection against puncture may be lighter than it is required
to be at the tread of the tyre. The discs A³ are connected together and to the
discs A by projections a and slots a² as in the other discs.
In order to keep the herein before described puncture-proof band or bands in proper
place in the tyre and also (when a separate air tube is used) to guard against any
rubbing or chafing of the said air tube against the discs composing the band or bands
a canvas covering or enclosure may be placed inwards of the said band or bands and
the ends of this canvas covering may be secured by rubber solution or otherwise to
the tyre or cover.
In Figures 10 and 11 the said band or bands is or are presumed to be enclosed in
a canvas wrapping or enclosure 9 the edges of which are fapped over and secured to
the edges of the covering B of the tyre so as to be attached with the said covering by
the attachment wires chains or bands as clearly shewn in Figure 10.
The hereinbefore described puncture-proof band can be used with any form of
pneumatic tyres whether a separate air tube be used or the tyre itself be made tubular
to constitute an air chamber."
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, would have it known
that my invention includes tread bands whether made with side bands or not and
that what I claim is :-
1. A puncture-proof band for pneumatic tyres formed of discs or plates connected
together by end and side rivets or tags, substantially as herein described.
2. A puncture-proof band for pneumatic tyres formed of discs or plates as shewn in
the drawings connected together by tags or rivets substantially as herein described.
3. The improved puncture-proof bands herein described.
Dated this 15th day of June 1896.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.