A NEW OR IMPROVED VARNISH
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Bagley, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Varnish Maker, for the Invention of "A NEW OR
IMPROVED VARNISH."
Sealed the 9th May 1873, and dated the 16th November 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Bagley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th November 1872.
L, THOMAS BAGLEY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Varnish
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
OR IMPROVED VARNISH," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of a new or improved varnish having the com-
position and being manufactured in the manner herein-after described.
The said new or improved varnish is especially applicable to the
varnishing of articles of iron, steel, and other metals and alloys for the
purpose of preventing the rusting or corrosion of the said articles, but
the said varnish is also applicable to the varnishing of non-metallic
substances and to various other purposes to which a quick drying varnish
is or may be applicable.

page_text: in manufacturing my new of improved varnish i taAKC-
40 to 60 lbs. of damar gum.
10 lbs. of copal gum.
3 lbs. of kowrie gum.
84 lbs. of common resin.
20 lbs. of superfine resin.
16 lbs. of chloride of sodium.
51 lbs. of oil of turpentine.
51 lbs. of resin spirit, and
570 lbs. of benzoline.
The proportions described of the materials may however be varied
within certain limits.
I place the gums and the chloride of sodium in a boiler such as is
commonly used in the manufacture of varnish, and by the application of
heat I melt the materials in the boiler, I then add the resin thereto and
incorporate and cool the mass by stirring, the fire under the boiler being
extinguished or reduced. When the mass has cooled to a temperature of
110 degrees Fahrenheit I add the resin spirit. This is thoroughly incor-
porated with the other materials by stirring, and the temperature at the
same time reduced.
When the temperature has fallen to 90 degrees Fahrenheit I add the
turpentine and stir the mass until the temperature has fallen to 50 or 60
degrees Fahrenheit when the benzoline is added and thoroughly incor-
porated with the other materials. The varnish thus made is first strained
through tow, and afterwards passed through double filter paper, when its
manufacture is complete.
By using gums and resin of different degrees of purity the varnish
may be made more or less colourless, but when materials of the ordinary
quality are employed its colour is not deeper than that of sherry wine.
My new or improved varnish hardens with great rapidity. When
applied to metallic articles it hardens in about twenty minutes; it may
be applied by brush or by tow, and it may be applied to small articles by
immersion. It forms an excellent varnish for wood and furniture, and
unlike ordinary varnishes will dry when applied to greasy surfaces.
makes an excellent dryer to be mixed with paints, and when applied to
paper forms a transparent waterproof material.
It

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Bagley in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 13th May 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
BAGLEY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Varnish Maker,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Thomas Bagley, Her special license that
I, the said Thomas Bagley, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Thomas Bagley, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United.
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for “A New or Improved VARNISH," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Thomas Bagley, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Bagley, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention consists of a new or improved varnish having the com-
position and being manufactured in the manner herein-after described.
The said new or improved varnish is especially applicable to the varnish-
ing of articles of iron, steel, and other metals and alloys for the purpose
of preventing the rusting or corrosion of the said articles, but the said
varnish is also applicable to the varnishing of non-metallic substances
and to various other purposes to which a quick drying varnish is or may
be applicable.

page_text: in the manufacture of varnish, and by the application of heat I melt the
materials in the boiler, I then add the resin thereto and incorporate and
cool the mass by stirring, the fire under the boiler being extinguished
or reduced. When the mass has cooled to a temperature of 110 degrees
Fahrenheit I add the resin spirit. This is thoroughly incorporated with
the other materials by stirring, and the temperature at the same time
reduced. When the temperature has fallen to 90 degrees Fahrenheit I
add the turpentine and stir the mass until the temperature has fallen to
50 or 60 degrees Fahrenheit, when the benzoline is added and thoroughly
incorporated with the other materials. The varnish thus made is first
strained through tow and afterwards passed through double filter paper,
when its manufacture is complete.
In manufacturing varnishes according to the second and third recipes
herein-before given I proceed in the manner described with respect to
the first recipe, excepting that I introduce the sulphate of zinc in the
following manner:-When the gums and resin have partially or
thoroughly melted I sprinkle the sulphate of zinc thereon, stirring it
into the melted gums and resin until it is thoroughly incorporated, the
heat being maintained until it is found that the melted mass has become
perfectly fine. This can be readily ascertained by dropping a portion of
the melted mass from time to time on a piece of glass, when the presence
of air bubbles shows that the incorporation is not complete. When the
melted mass is perfectly free from small bubbles the fire is withdrawn
and the mass is stirred until the heat is reduced to about 140 degrees
Fahrenheit, when the resin spirit may be very gradually added, the
mixture being well stirred. When the heat has fallen to about 50
degrees Fahrenheit the benzoline is added and the manufacture completed
as herein-before described.
By using gums and resin of different degrees of purity the varnish
may be made more or less colourless, but when materials of the
ordinary quality are employed its colour is not deeper than that of
sherry wine.
My new or improved varnish hardens with great rapidity. When
applied to metallic articles it hardens in about twenty minutes; it may
be applied by brush or by tow, and it may be applied to small articles
by immersion. It forms an excellent varnish for wood and furniture,
and unlike ordinary varnishes will dry when applied to greasy surfaces.

page_text: It makes an excellent dryer to be mixed with paints, and when applied
to paper forms a transparent waterproof material.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I.
claim as my Invention a varnish for coating metallic articles for 5
varnishing wood for mixing with paints, and for such other uses as the
same is or may be applicable to having the composition or compositions,
and being manufactured substantially as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Bagley, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of May, in the year of our 1
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.
Witness,
RICHARD SKERRETT,
Clerk to George Shaw,
Birmingham.
THOMAS BAGLEY. (L.S.)