A NEW OR IMPROVED STEAM GENERATOR OR BOLLER
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Nicholson, of Poplar, in the County of
Middlesex, and George Skinner, of Leicester, in the County of
Leicester, Engineers, for the Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED
STEAM GENERATOR OR BOLLER."
Sealed.the 1st April 1873, and dated the 4th October 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Nicholson and
George Skinner at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 4th October 1872.
We, JOHN NICHOLSON, of Poplar, in the County of Middlesex, and
5 GEORGE SKINNER, of Leicester, in the County of Leicester, Engineers,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR
IMPROVED STEAM GENERATOR OR BOILER," to be as follows (that is to
say) :-
This Invention relates to a new or improved steam generator or boiler,
of an Invention as auntied to that
11

page_text: The outer shell of the boiler is very much of ordinary construction.
The fire-box which is constructed sufficiently high up in the boiler to
allow of a man or boy getting underneath to the tubes, is made of
greater horizontal sectional area in its upper portion than in its lower,
the point where the said different areas meet being joined by a horizontal
plate. Between this plate and the base plate of the boiler are fixed a
succession of any desired number of tubes open at both ends, and com-
municating at their upper ends with the interior of the fire-box, and at
their lower ends with a chamber below the said base plate. This
chamber is for the purpose of turning the draft which is made first to
descend the said tubes and afterwards to ascend other tubes fixed with
their lower ends in the said chamber and their upper ends in the crown
plate of the boiler. By this means both a downward and an upward
draft are obtained, the heated air being caused first to descend to the
bottom of the boiler, and then to ascend through its entire height, thus
ensuring a large heating surface, and also converting into heating surface
what is usually the dead part of the boiler. A rapid circulation of the
water is effected by fixing any desired number of tubes open at both
ends between the top plate of the fire-box and the said horizontal plate
connecting its before-mentioned two parts, which tubes as they are
entirely within the said fire-box will cause the water within them to
become quickly heated, and thus the bulk of the water will be kept in
constant and rapid circulation. The bottom plate of the said chamber
for turning the draft from a downward to an upward direction beneath
the lower ends of the tubes is made to draw out, so that the lower ends
of the tubes may be got at from underneath the fire-box, and by removing
a cover in the top casing of the boiler the upper ends of the tubes may also
be reached. Thus all the effective or working parts of this boiler may
bc got at without taking to pieces one part to get at another, and the
tubes may be put in and taken out as required without disturbing any
other part of the boiler, and may even be cleaned out whilst steam is
up. What may be termed a natural superheater is formed in this boiler
by the said ascension tubes, which pass through the steam space above,
and also by the arrangement of the heated air entering the top casing
and spreading over the whole surface of the top of the boiler before
finally passing away.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Nicholson and George Skinner in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 4th April 1878.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JoHN
NICHOLSON, of Poplar, in the County of Middlesex, and GEORGE
SKINNER, of Leicester, in the County of Leicester, Engineers, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said John Nicholson and George Skinner, Her
special license that we, the said John Nicholson and George Skinner,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
John Nicholson and George Skinner, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED STEAM GENERATOR OR
BOILER," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said John
Nicholson and George Skinner, our executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing, under our or their hands and seals, or under the
hand and seal of one of us or them, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Skinner, on behalf of myself
and the said John Nicholson, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof (that is to say) :—
This Invention relates to or consists in a new or improved steam
generator or boiler adapted for where either large or small power is
required.

page_text: readily carried into effect, we will proceed to descrive the sam
aid of the accompanying Drawings, reference being had to the letters
and figures marked thereon, and in which Figures 1 and 2 illustrate
one form of boiler constructed according to this Invention; and Figures 3
and 4 a second form adapted more particularly to boilers of large
power. The same letter wherever it occurs indicates like or corresponding
parts.
This
In that form shewn in Figures 1 and 2 the outer shell (A) of the
The fire-box (B) is con-
boiler is very much of ordinary construction.
structed sufficiently high up in the boiler to allow of a man or boy
getting underneath to the tubes, and is made of greater horizontal
sectional area in its upper portion than in its lower, the point where the
said different areas meet being joined by a horizontal plate (C). Between
this plate (C) and the base plate (D) of the boiler are fixed a succession
of any desired number of tubes (E) open at both ends, and communi-
cating at their upper ends with the interior of the fire-box, and at their
lower ends with a chamber (F) below the said base plate.
chamber (F) is for the purpose of turning the draught, which is made first
to descend the said tubes (E) and afterwards to ascend other tubes (G)
fixed with their lower ends in communication with the said chamber (F)
and their upper ends in the crown plate (H) of the boiler. By this
means both a downward and an upward draught are obtained, the heated
air being caused first to descend to the bottom of the boiler and then to
ascend through its entire height, thus ensuring a large heating surface
and also converting into heating surface what is usually the dead part
of the boiler. A rapid circulation of the water is effected by fixing any
desired number of tubes (I) open at both ends between the top plate (B)
of the fire-box and the said horizontal plate (C). As these tubes (I) are
entirely within the fire-box the water within them will become quickly
heated and will therefore rise, and thus the bulk of the water will be
kept in constant and rapid circulation. The bottom plate (J) of the
said chamber (F) for turning the draught from a downward to an upward
direction beneath the lower ends of the tubes (E, G) is made to draw out
so that the lower ends of the tubes may be got at from underneath, and
by removing a cover (K) in the top casing (L) of the boiler the upper
ends of the tubes may also be reached. Thus all the effective or working
parts of this boiler may be got at without taking to pieces one part to
get at another, and the tubes may be put in and taken out as required
without disturbing any other part of the boiler, and may even be cleaned

page_text: out whilst steam is up. What may be termed a natural superheater is
formed in this boiler by the said ascension tubes (G) which pass through
the steam space above, and also by the arrangement of the heated air
entering the top casing and spreading over the whole surface of the top
of the boiler before finally passing away.
In the form of boiler shewn at Figures 3 and 4 two shells (A, A,) are
employed, one of which contains the principal part of the fire-box, and
the other the tubes. As will be seen the upper part of the fire-box (B)
extends from one shell (A) into the other (A'), the tubes (E and G)
being arranged in the same relation to one another as in the form of
boiler shewn at Figures 1 and 2. The portion of the fire-box extending
between the two boilers is encased by plates (P), so as to form a water
space around it, and thus economize the heating surface; and communi-
cation between the two shells is further established (for the water) by
means of a pipe (M) below the upper part of the fire-box, and (for the
steam) by means of a pipe (N) near the top of the boiler, which may
also be made to communicate with and form part of the main steam
pipe. That part of the shell (A¹) under the chamber (F) for turning
the draught may be used as a tank (O) for holding the feed water, which
will thus be heated before being introduced into the boiler.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of this
our said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to or may be
performed, we would have it distinctly understood that we do not confine
ourselves to the precise details herein set forth as the same may be
modified in various ways without departing from the principle or the
main features of the Invention, but what we claim as our Invention
to be secured by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,
the new or improved steam generator or boiler herein-beforo set forth
and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Skinner, have hereunto set
hand and seal, this Fourth day of April, in the year of our
my
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