Improvements in and relating to Rails, Sleepers, Chairs, and other Parts of Railways or Tramways.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Jan., 1888
Specification Accepted, 3rd Feb:, 1888
United States of America.]
Improvements in and relating to Rails, Sleepers, Chairs, and other
Parts of Railways or Tramways.
I HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of my invention is to produce a substantial and economical street rail-
way road bed that can be easily and cheaply laid, and which can be repaired when
necessary by removing a very small portion of the pavement.
The invention consists in the peculiar construction of the rails and chairs to hold
the rails, and in the means of securing them therein; also in the construction of
crossings, frogs and switches, and such like parts, all as hereinafter fully described
and pointed out in the claims.
Figure 1, represents a vertical cross-section of a rail and chair with the two sides
of the chair clamped over web of rail by a key bolt passing through chair underneath
the rail.
Figure 2, is a side elevation of the same.
Figure 3, is a side elevation of two adjacent rails secured into one chair to form a
connecting joint.
Figure 4, is a side view, and
Figure 5, is a plan view of a key bolt for holding a two part chair together over
web of rail and securing the rails into the chairs.
Figure 6, represents a side view of one end of a combined sleeper and chair.
Figure 7, is a horizontal section taken through the centre of the bolt.
Figure 8, is a transverse section of the sleeper and side view of the chair.
Figure 9, is a transverse vertical section of the sleeper and side view of a double
chair, for connecting the ends of two adjacent rails.
Figure 10, shows a modification of this arrangement.

page_text: Figure 11, represents a plan or top view of a straight crossing, part of the upper
portion being broken away to show the top of the lower or girder portion.
Figure 12, is a vertical cross-section through the same without the pavement.
Figure 13, is a plan or top view of a Tongue switch.
Figure 14, is a view of the wide end, and
Figure 15, is a vertical longitudinal section through the centre of the same.
Figure 16, is a plan or top view of a crossing known as a curve cross.
Figure 17, is a side view, and
Figure 18, a view of one end of the same.
Figures 19, 20, 21, and 22, are views showing the construction of the rails, and
chairs when tie rods are employed to bind the two sides of the track together.
Figures 23 and 24, show different forms of keys employed in this construc-
tion, and
Figures 25, and 26, show a side and plan view of tie rod when the end of same
passes through the chair and rail.
Figure 27, is a side view of a combined cast sleeper and chair with the rail secured
therein by a key bolt.
Figure 28, is a plan or top view of same with rails shown in dotted lines.
Figure 29, is a side view of the same.
Figure 30, is a plan or top view, and
Figure 31, is a side view of a combined sleeper and chair for joints of rails.
Figure 32, is a view of an ordinary key bolt, and
Figure 33, is a view of an improved key bolt for securing the rails in the chairs.
Figure 34, represents a vertical cross-section through a modified form of rail and
chair where the key bolt passes the web of rail.
Figure 35, is a view of a split spring drawbore key bolt for securing the rails into
the solid chairs.
Figure 36, represents a vertical cross-section through a rail and chair, in which the
rail is secured and held in the chair by means of hooks in the chairs.
Figure 37, is a side view of the same.
Figure 38, is a horizontal section taken on line X X of Figure 36.
Figure 39, is a view of a double chair similarly constructed to receive the ends of
two adjacent rails.
Figure 40, represents an end view of a girder rail secured in a metal chair by a
longitudinal key, the chair being secured to a wooden sleeper.
Figure 41, represents an end view of a girder rail secured by a longitudinal key in
a combined chair and sleeper.
Figure 42, is a side view of same.
Figure 43, is a horizontal section taken on line y, y of Figure 42.
Figure 44, is a vertical cross-section taken on line =,= of Figure 41.
Figure 45, represents the ends of two adjacent rails keyed into one chair.
Figure 46, shows the horizontal key.
A, represents the rail of any desired form of tread, having a web B, at or near its
centre on its under side, which web may be provided with a bulb or fillet C, on its
lower end.
Referring to Figs. 1 to 5, D, represents a chair made in two parts suitably ribbed
and of the form shown, so that the upper ends fit under rail A, and the sides fit
close to web B, and bulb or fillet C. The chairs D are spread at their bottom trans-
versely from the rails of sufficient width to ensure stiffness to the track and prevent
the rails A, from rolling or moving when heavy teams are passing in, out or over
the track. The chairs D, are secured to a wooden sleeper E, by, lag screws e, and to
further insure the bottom of chair D, from spreading at their bottom I drive into the
sleeper close to the ends of the chair, spikes or stubs. The sides of chair D, are
secured together over web B, and bulb or fillet C, of rails A, by key bolt F, passing
through under bulb or fillet C, and key G, driven in tight as shown, thus making a
very substantial fastening and without any holes in the rails.
In Figure 3. I show two adjacent rails A, A, secured at their ends in one chair, the

page_text: chair being made of suitable width and having two key bolts F, F, passing through
the chairs under the rails A, A, and a similar key bolt H, passing through the chair
at or about the centre of the web of the rail and chair and keyed as shown.
The ends of the two adjacent rails where key H, passes through are provided with
slots or half round recesses, sufficient space being left between joints of rails for
expansion and contraction. For securing the chairs together over the webs of rails I
prefer to use a key bolt inade as shown in Figs. 4 and 5, that is, of half round iron
of suitable size and bent to the form shown, the two ends h, h being bent outward
on their round side to form a head; the flat sides bent nearly together, thus forming
a slot or key way a.
The bolt is made of the required length, so that when the bolt is
passed through the chairs there will be sufficient opening for the key G.
The chairs D, may be secured to an iron sleeper and may be made to fit the web
on under side of any rail, and any required number of single chairs may be put
between the joint chairs to insure a solid road bed, and all secured to a sleeper.
In Figs. 6 to 10, I have shown a sleeper J, of the formed of an inverted T, on
each end of which is cast the outer half of a chair consisting of an upright piece b
which at the point where the bulb C, of the rail A, comes, is projected inwards, so as
to form a bearing for the upper part of the bulb C, and at the top of the upright
piece b, is provided a flange c for the rail A, to rest upon, the upright piece b and
flange c being strengthened by one or more ribs d.
A boss g is provided at or about the centre of the upright piece b; which boss is
provided with a hole to receive the bolt F, and a recess to receive the head of same as
shown.
The web of the sleeper J, is cast in one with the inside of the upright piece or
outside jaws b.
The inner or loose portion of the chair D2, is made to fit against the web B, and
is provided with strengthening ribs which form at the top a flange h for the inner
portion of the rail A, to rest upon, and it is also formed to fit over the top of the
bulb C, and provided at its base with flanges i, i that rest upon the flanges of the
sleeper J, an aperture I, being formed in this loose piece to fit over the web of
the sleeper.
The loose piece D. is also provided with a boss corresponding to the boss on the
other half of the chair for the bolt to pass through, and it is strengthened by means
of ribs j,j, as shown, and held down upon the sleeper by means of hooks A, k that
pass through apertures 1, I formed in the flanges of the sleeper J.
When the sleeper J, is laid and the rail A, and loose piece D, placed in position
they are all firmly secured together by means of a single bolt F, and key G, the bolt
passing under the bulb C, whereby all drilling of the rails is prevented.
In Figure 9, I have shown a side view of a double chair, that is, a chair for
receiving the ends, of two adjacent rails; this chair is constructed the same as the
one just described, only of about double the width and with two bolts below the rail
and one between the ends of the two rails at or about the middle of web.
In Figure 10, I have shown a modification in which the rail is secured in the chair
by means of a key I, the space between the fixed half of the chair and the loose
half being sufficient to allow the bulb C, to be passed down between them, when
the key I, is driven home the rail is firmly secured. When the rails are to be
secured by a key I, if desired, the entire chair can be cast in one with the sleeper,
in which case all bolts would be dispensed with.
In the crossings and switch shown in Figs. 11 to 18 inclusive, the lower or girder
portion L, is cast in one piece, and consists of upper and lower flanges m, n, with a
web P between them, braces q, q are provided at suitable intervals to give additional
strength and the upper flange in is provided with openings or slots r, on each side
of the web, as shown.
At the ends where the rail A, connects the crossing or switches are provided
projections or lugs s, s, that form a chair for the ends of the rails that abut.against
them, it being intended to use the crossing, switches, etc. in connection with rails
provided with a central rib B, on their under side, the ends of said rails being

page_text: secured to the lugs's, s by means of a key or bolt t. These lugs may be made with
flanges, as shown in Figs. 11 and 12, so as to give additional strength and a solid
bearing for the rail, or they may be of the form shown in Figs. 13 to 18, or to fit
any flat bottomed rail.
If the web of the rail to be used in connection with these crossings, switches, etc.,
is provided with a bulb on the end, then only one of the lugs s, is cast with the
.crossing or switch, the other half to form the chair being loose and bolted or other-
wise secured thereto after the rail has been placed in position.
The upper portion constituting the wearing surface or rail M, is formed on its
upper side to correspond with the tread of the rails A, and on their under side with
lugs or ears u, u that pass down through the slots or openings ", on each side of the
web P of the girder L, each of these lugs are provided with a key way, and corre-
sponding key ways are formed in the web p, so that after the rails M, are laid in
position they are readily secured by keys v, v.
In Figure 11, I have shown a straight crossing for a single track, but if the
crossing is required for a double track then each of the ends can be extended half the
length of the space between the tracks and connected together, thereby dispensing
with short pieces of rails between the up and down tracks.
In the crossing shown in Figs. 16, 17 and 18, as well as in the switch shown in
Figs. 13, 14 and 15, the construction of the lower or girder portion is precisely the
same as that described with reference to Figs. 11 and 12, the only difference being
in the form of the girder to adapt it to different uses. The upper or wearing
portion is also the same, but in curve and such like crossings to make all solid and
to have a good surface to pave up to, I cast a web or filling in piece w between the
two narrow openings, as shown, and I roughen the upper surface to prevent horses
slipping thereon, and to strengthen the same ribs are formed on the under side.
In curved crossings the wheels of the car have a tendency to run off the track on
the outer side of the curve to guard against this I cast on the outer side of the
curve a small projecting piece M², as shown in Figs. 16, 17 and 18.
In switches, instead of securing the tongue N, by means of a screw or key bolt
as is now done, I cast on the under side and at the rear of the tongue a round stud
or projection with a small lip y extending to the rear at the lower end, as shown,
so that the tongue can readily and easily be placed in position, the lip y holding the
rear end down while the tongue is free to turn on the stud e so that should the
tongue become worn it can easily be replaced by a new one, without removing
the road bed.
In Figs. 12 and 14, 1 have shown the girders placed upon stringers, but they may
be laid upon a bed of concrete or otherwise as desired.
Ordinary tramway rails can be used with the crossings, switches and such like
parts above described, the ends of the rails resting upon and bolted to projecting
Hanges similar to those shown in Figs. 11 and 12.
In Figs. 19 to 21, I have shown a chair in which the rail is held in by a key z and
in which the gauge of the road is maintained by the rods.
E, represents a wooden sleeper or timber of suitable size running parallel with the
road and directly under the rails, upon which the cast iron chair P, rests, that
carries the rails A, and is secured to sleeper E. by lag screws. e. The chair P, is
provided with a tapering opening or slit through its centre to receive the lower
portion or tapering web B, of rail A. Suitable holes are formed through the
chair P, and web B, of rail to admit key drawing the under side of rails A, down
onto chair P, in a solid manner, the points or ends of key (see Fig. 24) are then
turned outward and clinched and thus hold rail A, in chair P.
=
Q, (Figs. 19 and 20) is a tie rod made of metal of suitable size and turned at
right angles at each end as shown by dotted lines in Figure 20. This tie rod Q, is
of the required length to form the proper gauge between the rails A, and is secured
to chairs P, by keys a suitable opening R, being made in chair P, next to tapering
web B, of rail to receive the ends of tie rod and key passes through chair P,
and tapering web B, of rails A, and turned over end of tie rod Q, and clinched.to

page_text: secure rails A, in chairs P, and keep rails A, to a proper gauge. S, (Figs. 25 and 26)
show a tie rod that I prefer to use at joints of rails made as shown, and of suitable
length between shoulders to form the gauge of rails A, the key T, being driven in
tight on outside of chair P, to hold the rails A, rigid in place and also to prevent any
vibration of web of rails A, in chair. Keyed tie rods S, can be used in intermediate
chairs instead of key z, and when key u is used, a small key U is driven through as
shown in Figure 23. I prefer to use key tie rods S, the ends of which pass through
openings in the chair B, and web of rail C, as shown in Fig. 22. The chair shown
in Fig. 21, is made of or about double the width of the chair shown in Fig. 20, and
having a suitable opening for keyed tie rod S, at or near its centre, where joints of
rails A, come together, also having key holes on each side of tie rod S, to receive
key : or U.
The sleepers may be laid at right angles of the track and by so doing the keyed
tie rods S, may be dispensed with and keys U, or used exclusively to hold the
rail A, in chair P.
In Figs. 27 to 30, 1 have shown a combined chair and sleeper, east in one piece of
suitable size, and of the form shown to make it light and strong, and have a good
bearing surface to rest upon the ground, and it is provided with a suitable opening or
slot at its upper end to receive the tapering web B, of rails A. V, is a key bolt of
suitable size that passes through the chair portion W, and tapering web B. of rail A,
a keye driven through a key hole in the bolt V, securely holds the rails in the chair.
In Figs. 30 and 31, the chair is shown of suitable width for securing the ends of
two adjacent rails, the chair being provided with two or more holes for key bolts V,
to pass through so as to secure the rails A, at joints, thus forming, as it were a
fish plate.
The key bolt Y, shown in Fig. 33 is made of half round metal bent to the form shown
so as to make a head 1, and also leave an opening 2, to receive a key.
This bolt may
be used in place of the key bolt V, shown in Fig. 32.
In Fig. 34, I have shown a chair 12, cast in one piece and provided at its upper
end with a suitable opening to receive the tapering rib of the rail, and flanges for
the rail to rest upon, the lower portion of the chair is spread transversely and of
sufficient width to insure stiffness to the track, the outer ends 3, being formed flat
to fit upon the sleeper 4, flanges 5, 5 extend from the top to bottom at the side of
the chair, and flanges 6, are formed on the inside between the extended portion.
Around the bolt holes a small boss 7, is provided with a rib extending above and
below the same as shown.
To secure the rails in these chairs I employ a split spring drawbore key bolt of
the form shown in Fig. 35, that is, a bolt made of half round iron or steel bent to
form a head S, and the extended portions 9, meeting at their ends, but with a space
left between them from the end to the head S, so that when the bolt is inserted in the
hole it will act as a spring and draw the rail down solid upon its bed.
A key way is
provided near the end of the bolt into which the key 10 is driven, as shown.
1 prefer to secure the chairs to iron sleepers 4, provided with lips 11, the space
between the lips being equal to the width of the chair, the side of the sleeper are
turned up so as to allow it to be tamped or bedded easily. After the chair has been
placed in position on the sleeper it is secured by key bolts and keys.
In Figs. 36 to 39. I have shown a chair in which the rail is held without bolts.
D³, D, are two parts forming the chair, the upper portion a², of each of these
parts is formed straight to fit onto the sides of the web B, of the rail, and at the top
are provided with vertical strengthening ribs with flanges b³, 62 at top that forms a
solid bearing for the rail A the lower portion d² d² of the parts D³, D³, are spread
out transversely of the rail so as to give stiffness to the chair. Between the spread
out portions and the straight portion a², is an enlargement, provided with a
hook h², that passes around the bulb or fillet C.
E, is a metallic sleeper provided with lips g², g² against which the bottom of the
two portions D³, D³, rest; the sleeper is turned up on its edge so that it can be easily
tamped or bedded.
U,

page_text: :
Suitable flanges are provided on each end of the pieces D³, D³, and also on the
inside to support the hooks h², h². In applying this chair the bottom ends of the two
portions D³ D³, are brought together and the hooks h2, h² placed around the bulb or
fillet C; the ends are then spread out so that the straight portion a², comes into
contact with the web of the rail, the lower ends are then placed on the sleeper E²,
between the lips g², g², and the key bolts F, passed through the sleeper and chair,
which bolts are secured by keys.
It will be seen that the greater the pressure upon the rail the tighter will the chair
grip the rail.
In Figure 39, I have shown a chair for receiving the ends of two adjacent rails, or
in other words, a double chair. This chair is like the one before described with the
exception of being wider and each half being provided with two hooks instead of one.
In Figs. 40 to 45, I have shown a girder rail secured in the chair by means of a
longitudinal key.
The tapering rib B, of the rail A, is provided with a slot C. D', is a chair of metal
and of the form shown, the chair D, is provided with a tapering key way E*, cast
therein as shown, so that when the rail A, is laid in the chair, and the key F, driven
in so that tapering web B, is drawn into the tapering slot and the rail, A, is drawn
down solid on to the top of the chair D'.
in Figure 45, I have shown a chair to be used at joints of adjacent rails; this chair
is of suitable width and provided with an opening H*, in its centre so as to get at the
ends of the keys F, should it be desired to drive them out or to turn their points up.
When the chairs are made to set on wooden sleepers, as shown in Fig. 40, they are
spread at the bottom and provided with ribs so as to stiffen and keep the rails from
what is termed rolling when heavy teams are passing in or out over the track, but
when an iron sleeper is used the chairs and sleeper are cast in one piece, as shown in.
Figs. 41 to 45, the sleeper being of the required length to form a gauge for the rails
and about the form shown, so that the paving can come up close to the rails and not
interfere with the sleeper or chair.
The end of each rail is recessed or hollowed out so that when the ends of two
adjacent rails are placed together in the chair, an opening will be left through which
a key bolt is passed, and when the key is inserted in the bolt it clamps the chair to
the webs of the rails and the keys F, F, draw the rails down and preventing any
side or upward movement of the rail, but at the same time allowing the rail to expand
or contract.
It will be seen that by my invention I am able to dispense entirely with the screw
bolts now universally in use, the nuts of which after laying in the ground a short
time become so rusted on the bolts that they can only be removed after cutting off the
heads or nuts with a chisel, thus rendering them useless for future use: but in my
invention the rail is firmly held in the chair by keys that are cheaper than bolts and
easier inserted or removed, and can be used over again; and there is also a great
saving in labor by using keys instead of screw bolts and a double chair instead of fish
plates and screw bolts, and also in using a keyed tie rod for the double purpose of
securing the rails in chairs and keeping the rails to a proper gauge; and by
construction crossings, switches and such like parts of a street railroad in two 4
parts, viz. a lower or girder portion, and an upper or wearing portion held
together by keys so that should the upper or wearing portion become damaged
or worn out it can readily and easily be replaced without interfering with the lower
or girder portion, and as the parts are keyed together all that has to be done to
loosen the upper portion from the girder, is to knock out the keys when it can be a
lifted out of the way and a new piece put in its place, and the keys inserted and
driven home, the whole operation occupying but a very few minutes, a very
great consideration as the continuity of the track is preserved and the cars are not
detained during the course of such repairs.
Although I have described, and prefer to make the chairs, etc. of cast metal they 5
can be made of wrought metal, in which case the ribs and such like parts would have
to be slightly modified.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent I declare that what I claim is-
1. A girder rail having a web at or near its centre on its under side, and provided
with a fillet at its lower edge, in combination with a metal chair made in two parts
spread at the bottom and secured together with the web and fillet of rail between
them, by a key bolt passing under said fillet, substantially as shown and described.
2. The combination of a metallic chair and two adjacent rails, the rails being held
at their ends in said chair by key bolts passing under and between the ends of the
rails, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
3. The within shown and described key bolt made of half round iron having the
ends h, h, turned at right angles to form a head and turned at its centre with the
rounding side out to form slot or key way a, substantially as shown and described.
4. A combined sleeper and chair consisting of a sleeper cast in one piece with the
two outer portions of the chairs and loose inner pieces secured to the fixed portion
by means of a bolt and key whereby the web and bulb of the rail is held between
them, substantially as set forth.
5. The sleeper J, cast in one piece with the outer portion of the chairs in combination
with the loose inner portions D2, provided with an aperture I, hooks, bolts F, and
key, substantially as shown and described.
6. The sleeper J, provided with openings 1, and cast in one piece with the outer
portions of a chair consisting of the apright b flange c rib d and boss g in combination
with loose inner portions D², provided with an aperture 1, flanges h and i ribs j and
hooks k, substantially as shown and described.
7. A combined sleeper and chair consisting of a sleeper cast in one piece with
two outer portions of chairs in combination with inner portions, the space between
the outer and inner portions of the chair being sufficient to admit the bulb of the rail
which is securely held by a key, substantially as set forth.
8. In street railway construction a combined iron sleeper and chair for receiving the
ends of two adjacent rails, the outer portion of the chair being cast in one piece with
the sleeper, in combination with a removable inside jaw secured in position by bolts,
substantially as shown and described.
9. In street railway construction a combined iron sleeper and chair having a rigid
outside jaw and a removable inside jaw, in combination with a rail having a web and
bulb, substantially as set forth.
10. In street railway construction a combined iron sleeper and chair having a rigid
outside jaw and a removable inner jaw, in combination with a rail having a web and
bulb, the removable jaw being securely held in contact with the web and over the
bulb of the rail by a bolt passing through said jaws under the rail, substantially as
set forth.
11. In street railway construction a combined cast iron chair and sleeper made of
the form shown, that is, the outside chairs or seats for the rail being cast integral with
the bottom and rib, said rib being of suitable size and running on top of bed piece from
one outside jaw to the other, in combination with an inside jaw and rail having a web
and bulb, substantially as set forth.
12. Crossings, switches, and such like parts of street railroad construction con-
sisting of a lower or I beam portion, the upper flange of I beam portion being
provided with slots through which passes lugs formed on under side of the upper or
wearing surface, the two being secured together by keys, substantially as shown and
described.
13. In street railroad construction for crossings, switches and such like parts
a girder L, provided with lugs 5, s, for receiving the ends of the rails, in
combination with an upper or wearing surface M, provided on its under side with
lugs u, and keys v, for securing the two parts together, substantially as shown and
described.
14. In street railroad construction a girder for crossings, switches and such like
parts, said girder being cast in one piece and consisting of an upper flange m, provided

page_text: with openings, lower flange n webs p, and lugs or cars s, s, for receiving the ends of
the adjacent rails, substantially as shown and described.
15. In street railroad construction for crossings and such like parts, an upper or
wearing surface M, cast in one piece and provided on its under side with lugs u, in
combination with an I beam provided with openings in its upper flange through which
said lugs pass, substantially as shown and described.
16. In street railway construction a tie rod S, provided at each end with shoulders
to form a gauge between the chairs, the ends of said rod acting as keys to draw down
the rail firmly upon the chair and key T, for retaining said rods in position, substantially
as shown and described.
17. The combination of a tie rod Q, having its ends turned at right angles and
a suitable hole near its ends with a chair P, having an opening R, to receive the
ends of tie rod Q, and a sipit key passing through chair P, web of rail B, and
the rod Q, and clinched, substantially as shown and described, and for the purposes
set forth.
18. A street railway rail A, having a web B, at or near its centre on its under
side, in combination with a combined chair and sleeper W, substantially as shown
and described.
19. A key bolt Y, made of half round metal and having the ends 1, 1, formed to
make a head and also provided with a slot 2, to form a key way, substantially as shown
and described.
20. A chair 12, cast in one piece and provided at its upper end with a suitable
opening to receive the rib of the rails, said rails being held near their ends by means
of key bolts passing through the chair and through the webs of the rails and at their
end passing through the chair and between the ends of the rails, substantially as and
for the purposes set forth.
21. A chair cast in one piece and provided at its upper end with a suitable
opening to receive the rib of the rail, and flanges for the rail to rest upon and
spread transversely at its lower end, in combination with a metallic sleeper
provided with lips 11, and turned up sides, substantially as and for the purposes set
forth.
22. key bolt 8, 9, for securing the rib of the rail to the chair, said key bolt
consisting of half round iron bent to form a head 8, the body of the bolt being left
with an opening so as to form a spring to draw the rail down upon its bed and provided
near its end with a key way for the reception of the key 10, substantially as shown
and described.
23. A chair for street railways made in two parts D³; D³, and provided with
hooks, ², in combination with rail A, having a web B, and bulb or fillet C,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
24. A chair for street railways made in two parts D³, D³, and provided with
hooks h², h2, in combination with rail A, having a web B, and bulb or fillet C, and a
sleeper 2 provided with lips g², g, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
25. A chair for street railways made in two halves and properly ribbed, the lower
portion of each half being spread out transversely of the rail and the upper portion of
each half fitting against the web of the rail and provided at their upper part with
flanges to form a bearing for the rail, each half of the chair being also provided with
a hook to fit around the bulb or fillet at the bottom of web of rail to hold the rail in
position substantially as shown and described.
26. A chair made in two halves, each half being spread at its lower end and
properly ribbed on its outside and inside, the two inside ribs having two hooks on
their upper ends to hook over the fillet or bulb on web of the rail on the opposite side
from said half to hold the ends of two adjacent rails, substantially as shown and
described.
27. A chair made in two halves, each half provided with a hook to hook over a bulb
or fillet on the opposite side of the rail from said half, whereby the rail is held
between the two halves without bolts, screws or other fastening, substantially as
shown and described.

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28. A street railway rail A, having a tapering rib B, on its under side at or near
its centre, said rib being provided with a groove U, in combination with a chair D',
provided with an opening to receive said rib and a tapering key way E', and the
key F, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
29. A metal chair spread at its bottom transversely from the rails, and provided
with an opening to receive the tapering rib of the rail and tapering key way, in com-
bination with a rail having a tapering rib at or near its centre, on its under side, said
rib being provided with a groove on one of its sides and capable of being keyed into
chair, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
Dated this 3rd day of January 1888.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London,
Agents for the Applicant.