IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TILES AND QUARRIES
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Reginald Stanley and Jacob Stanley, both of
Nuneaton, in the County of Warwick, Brick and Tile Manu-
facturers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF TILES AND QUARRIES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Reginald Stanley and
Jacob Stanley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 6th December 1871.
We, REGINALD STANLEY and JACOB STANLEY, both of Nuneaton, in
the County of Warwick, Brick and Tile Manufacturers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF TILES AND QUARRIES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention of improvements in the manufacture of tiles and
quarries relates to that class of tile or quarry which is perforated with
small holes for the purpose of allowing air either heated or otherwise
to pass through, and is more particularly applicable for the manufacture

page_text: and expensive operation.
This Invention has for its object to produce the whole of these holes or
small perforations at one operation. For this purpose we employ a number
of cylindrical plugs, the ends of which are provided with small pegs or
points, the whole corresponding exactly with the hollows and perforations
which it is desired to make in the tile. These plugs are fixed on a plate
through another plate (forming
in their proper position, and they pass
part of a mould) and which acts as a guide. The clay or other substance
to make the malt kiln tile or other article is placed is placed in a mould,
frame, or box, the top or bottom of which mould, frame, or box has a
number of holes, openings, or interstices through which and by means of
pressure a corresponding number of the before-mentioned plugs (according
to the number, shape, and description of perforations to be made in the
malt kiln tile) are at one and the same time forced through the holes,
openings or interstices in one of the plates of the mould, frame, or box.
In so doing the plugs pass into and through the clay or other substance
in the mould, frame, or box, and by this entry of the plugs the clay or
other substance within the mould, frame, or box is compressed and made
to entirely fill up the mould and to surround the plugs. The top or
bottom of the mould, frame, or box opposite to the perforated bottom is
so adapted as to be easily removable, that is to say, the box, frame, or
mould containing the clay or other substance can either during the
process of pressure or afterwards be withdrawn from the top or bottom
opposite to the perforated top or bottom whether it be fixed or movable,
or whether this mould, frame, or box be movable, so that when the
perforating plugs have been pushed forward the proper distance they
may be bared or made to shew themselves to a more or less degree by
scraping away the clay so as to be seen or exposed on the opposite side
of the clay or box from which they entered. This is effected by scraping
or planing off or otherwise removing the clay. The mould, frame, or
box being thus pressed full of clay or other substance, and all the afore-
said plugs being surrounded by clay except at their exposed points, the
plugs are at one and the same time drawn back the way they had
entered, and as air is allowed to enter the plug holes through the small
perforations the plugs can be easily withdrawn, thus leaving in the clay
or other substance spaces or holes the shape of the plugs. The tile or other

page_text: article is then turned out or removed from the mould, frame, or box
with the holes or perforations in it, so that the upper surface of the tile
will be covered with small perforations of sufficient size to admit the
heated air, but too small to allow the grain or malt to drop through.
The tile when formed or moulded in the way just described may be
burned in the usual manner.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Reginald Stanley and Jacob Stanley in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 6th June 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, REGINALD
STANLEY and JACOB STANLEY, both of Nuneaton, in the County of
Warwick, Brick and Tile Manufacturers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said Reginald Stanley and Jacob Stanley, Her
special licence that we, the said Reginald Stanley and Jacob Stanley,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
Reginald Stanley and Jacob Stanley, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TILES AND QUARRIES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Reginald Stanley
and Jacob Stanley, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and scals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Reginald Stanley and Jacob
Stanley, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described

page_text: and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had
to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked
thercon (that is to say) :-
Our Invention of "Improvements in the Manufacture of Tiles and
Quarries" relates to that class of tile or quarry which is perforated with
small holes for the purpose of allowing air (either heated or otherwise) to
pass through, and is more particularly applicable to the manufacture of
the perforated tiles used in the construction of malt kilns or floors.
These tiles are usually made with a series of holes in the back to a
certain depth, and the perforation is completed by making a number of
small holes through the remaining thickness of clay. The operation of
making these holes and perforations has hitherto been performed by
hand, but this is a tedious and expensive operation.
The present Invention has for its object to produce all these holes and
smaller perforations at one operation, and the manner of carrying the
same into effect will be best understood by referring to the accompanying
Drawing, in which Fig. 1 represents a front view of the machine or
apparatus we employ for making the perforated tiles or quarries, and
Fig. 2 is an elevation of the left-hand end of the same; Fig. 3 is a plan
view drawn on an enlarged scale of the box or frame, in which the tiles
are made, and shewing the perforations or holes to receive cylindrical
plugs whereby the small holes are made in the tile; Fig. 4 is a vertical
transverse section of the moulding box with the removable lid and tho
pegs in position to form the holes in the tile; Fig. 5 is a side view, and
Fig. 6 an end view drawn full size of one of the plugs detached.
We employ a number of these cylindrical plugs B, the ends of which
are provided with small pegs or points, as shewn in Figures 5 and 6, the
whole corresponding exactly with the hollows and perforations which it is
desired to make in the tile. These plugs are fixed on a plate B*, Fig. 4,
in their proper position, and they pass through corresponding perforations:
in another plate D forming part of the mould or box A, Figures 1 and 3.
A sufficient quantity of the clay or other substance to make the malt
kiln tile or other article is placed in the mould, frame, or box A,
Figures 1, 3, and 4, for which purpose the box is brought down into a
horizontal position on the frame e, Fig. 1. The cover C is then brought
down on to the top of the mould A. The plugs B are at one and the
same time forced through the holes or perforations in the plate D of the
5

page_text: "
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mould, frame, or box until the upper ends of the plugs are flush with
the edges of the box A. In so doing the plugs pass into and through.
the clay or other substance in the mould, frame, or box A, and by this
entry of the plugs B the clay or other substance within the mould,
frame, or box is compressed and made to entirely fill up the mould A.,
and to surround the plugs B, and any surplus quantity of clay is forced
out between the plate C and the edge of the box, or remains under the.
lid O. During the pressure the lid C is not kept quite flush with the
edges of the box A, so that there is still a thin film or layer of clay un-
perforated. The cover C is then to be removed and the points or ends
of the pegs are laid bare by scraping away the unperforated part of the
clay by means of a wire or other suitable instrument. The face of the
tile is then made smooth by planing or polishing so as to leave the ends
of all the pegs exposed. The plugs and pegs are then at one and the
same time withdrawn altogether, leaving in the clay or other substance
the holes and perforations which they occupied. As the plugs have been
previously lubricated with oil they can be easily withdrawn without
drawing or disturbing the clay, thus leaving in the clay or other substance
in the mould A clean smooth holes and perforations of the shape of the
plugs and pegs. The tile or other article is then turned out from the
mould, frame, or box A with the holes and perforations in it, so that the
upper surface of the tile is covered with small perforations of sufficient
size to admit the heated air, but too small to allow the grain or malt to,
drop through. The tile when formed, or moulded in the way just
described may be burned in the usual manner.
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The motions and operation of the moulding apparatus are extremely
simple. It will be seen that the mould, frame, or box A is mounted on
hinges d, so that it may be moved up or down as indicated by the dotted
lines. It is first laid down on its back on the frame e, and is then filled
with clay. The frame which carries the cover C and is counter-
balanced by a weight k (Fig. 2) is then brought down and held in place.
by the hook and catch and m. The cover C is capable of adjustment
by a screw n and steadying pins at the side. The plate B* carrying tho
plugs B is then raised by means of the pinion O taking into the rack P.
By this means the plugs are forced into the clay in the mould; the.
catch is then released and the cover C is lifted off, and all the superfluous
clay is scraped or planed off from the ends of the plugs, and the surface
of the clay smoothed and the plugs withdrawn as already described.

page_text: The mould with the finished tile may then be turned right over on its
hinges and the tile deposited on a pallet t on the table f, from which it
may be removed to be dried and burned.
Having now described our Invention of "Improvements in the Manu-
facture of Tiles and Quarries," and having explained the manner of
carrying the same into effect, we claim as the Invention secured to us
by Letters Patent as aforesaid, forming perforated tiles or quarries by.
means of an open mould with a perforated bottom and a moveable lid or
cover in combination with a set of plugs, which are pushed through the
perforated bottom and forced into the clay by means of a rack and pinion:
or other equivalent mechanical device, the whole being so arranged that
upon the removal of the lid or cover the superfluous clay may be planed
off the face of the tiles so as to expose the ends of the plugs, and thus
when the plugs are withdrawn leave a number of perforations in the face
of the tile as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, we, the said Reginald Stanley and Jacob
Stanley, have hereunto st our hands and seals, the First day of
June, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-two.
R. STANLEY. (L.S.)
J. STANLEY. (L.S.)