matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bezer Blake at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st May
1869.
I, JOHN BEZER BLAKE, of Victoria Foundry, Alton, in the County of
Hants, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VELOCIPEDES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates more particularly to an improved mode of
constructing, arranging, and actuating the steering wheels of velocipedes,
and applies to velocipedes constructed with two or more wheels, and is
designed to enable the steering wheel to be moved sideways inde-
pendently of the axle on which the said wheel is fixed, so as to leave the
propelling cranks and treddles always in a direct line with each other,
instead of the cranks moving sideways with the steering wheel as is now
the case.
It is proposed to accomplish these objects by the following means:-
Take, for example, a velocipede with three wheels, namely, two running
wheels and one steering wheel; the running wheels are fixed on an axis
fitted with cranks in the usual way, but the axle of the steering wheel

page_text: is formed with a spherical swell about the centre of its length, and on
this spherical part the nave of the steering wheel fits, thus enabling the
said wheel to be moved sideways without changing the position of the
axle. The wheel may be maintained in a vertical position by making
the steering spindle forked so as to embrace each side of the nave of the
wheel and allow freedom of movement sideways on the axle. The steering
wheel is connected to the axle thereof by a pin fitting in a slot. By thus
constructing velocipedes I am enabled to couple the front and back
wheels together rigidly. The framework and body are very similar to
those usually employed, except that for the purposes of this Invention
I make that part of the framework that comes over the steering wheel
as a branch with a cross head or piece, through the ends of which two
strong rods are connected by nuts, the lower ends of the said rods
supporting the ends of the axle of the steering wheel..
AN IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS POR ARRESTING AND DEPOSITING THE 'STIVE' OR FLOUR CONTAINED IN THE AIR DISCHARGED FROM MILLSTONES DURING THE PROCESS OF GRINDING
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lomax at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th June
1869.
I, JOHN LOMAX, of Hulme, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MEANS OR
APPARATUS POR ARRESTING AND DEPOSITING THE 'STIVE' OR FLOUR CONTAINED IN
THE AIR DISCHARGED FROM MILLSTONES DURING THE PROCESS OF GRINDING,"
to be as follows:-
I accomplish this object by passing the air charged with the "stive"
or flour through a box or chamber filled with boards placed vertically a
few inches apart in parallel rows, the face of the boards being at right
angles (or thereabouts) to the current of the air through the box or
chamber. The rows of boards are placed one a short distance behind
the other for the whole length of the box or chamber, the rows being
so arranged that the boards of one row shall be opposite the spaces of
the rows immediately before and behind it, so that as the current of
air charged with the "stive" or flour passes through the box the
particles impinge or strike against the faces of the boards and adhere

page_text: thereto, and by the time the air arrives at the end of the box or chamber
it has been deprived of almost all the "stivo" or flour with which it
was charged, and which remains adhering to the faces of the boards.
To prevent the condensation of the vapor. mixed with tho air I place a
coil of steam pipe in the forward end of the box..
I prefer to make the. series of boards in two, three, or more divisions,.
cach board being attached by its upper end to the timber which forms.
the lid or cover of the box or chamber, so that the latter has a lid or.
cover formed in two or more parts, cach having its own set of boards,
attached to it and hanging therefrom; and each portion of the lid or
cover is connected by a rope or otherwise to a counterbalanco weight,.
so that it can be raised vertically when required, carrying its sct of
boards with it. Across the top of the box or chamber and immediately.
below the lid I fix transverse bars or strips of wood extending from side.
to side, and of such, a width as to fill up (or nearly so) the spaces
between the rows of boards. The effect of this arrangement will bo that
as the lids or covers are raised perpendicularly (from time to time as.
required), the transverse strips will act as scrapers and remove the
"stive" or flour which is adhering to the faces of the vertical boards.
and allow it to fall to the bottom of the box or chamber, whence it can
easily be removed by a scraper. at the end of the day's work or at any
other convenient time.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RIFLES, FOWLING PIECES, AND SMALL ARMS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Cholmondeley Pennell
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 2nd December 1869.
I, HENRY CHOLMONDELEY PENNELL, of Woodlands, Weybridge, in
the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RIFLES, FOWLING PIECES, AND SMALL ARMS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention is for preventing concussion, giving better elevation,
and for improving generally the shooting of rifles, fowling pieces, and
small arms.
I achieve these objects by means of springs of india-rubber or other
elastic substance, or of compressed air used separately or conjoined and
placed in some part or parts of the stock of the piece. The effect of
these elastic substances is to prevent any material concussion to the
shoulder of the shooter, as well as the sudden jar to the gun itself at
the moment of discharge, which is found to impair the accuracy of the
shot or bullet.
The springs, simply or combined with compressed air or india-rubber,
&c., singly or combined, may be placed either between the heel plate

page_text: and the stock of the piece or in any other part of the stock as may be
found convenient, or the elastic substance may be placed in one part of
the stock and the springs or chambers for compressing air in another or
other parts. In combination with the elastic substances, air, or springs
I use rods or tubes which act as "directors" to control the direction of
the recoils.
By setting these directors at different angles correspondingly high or
IMPROVEMENTS IN BEARINGS AND LUBRI- CATING APPARATUS FOR SCREW PROPELLER AND OTHER REVOLVING SHAFTS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Caesar Frederick
Franklin at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 7th August 1869.
I, ALEXANDER CAESAR FREDERICK FRANKLIN, of 12, Abingdon Street,
Westminster, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BEARINGS AND LUBRI-
CATING APPARATUS FOR SCREW PROPELLER AND OTHER REVOLVING SHAFTS," to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists in an improved form of bearing for screw and
other revolving shafts, and has for its objects,-
1st. To economize the oil ordinarily used in lubricating such shafts.
2nd. To cause a regular oil feed, and so prevent frictional heat.
Having now enumerated the chief objects I will proceed to describe
the manner in which they are severally effected.
1st. Economy of Oil.-Within a cast iron or other outer casing is a
tank or reservoir divided into two distinct parts, the one to contain oil
for lubricating, the other to act as a well for used up oil oozing from the

page_text: shaft, and it is so arranged that such oil as it oozes from the shaft shall
be filtered through sponge or other material calculated to separate the
dirt and metallic particles before entering the well, and when a sufficient
quantity has accumulated it is arranged to run through holes made for
that purpose into the oil tank and be again used to lubricate, or it may
be drawn over by wicks; or the oil may run direct from the filter.
into the lubricating oil.
I would remark that the number of tanks for oil, and used up oil, and
their form, may be varied as also may the number of filtering apparatus.
2nd. Regular Oil Feed.--The bearing is in two parts, upper and lower
one, between these two parts and touching the shaft are laid pieces of
felt or like substance, to which are communicated ordinary cotton wicks,
which by capillary attraction draw the oil from the tank and discharge
it on to the felt, which is thereby continually kept moist, and thus lubri-
cates the shaft which touches it; or the oil may be discharged at once on
the shaft, in which case the felt is dispensed with. I would remark the
brasses or bearings may be made self-adjusting. The whole is enclosed in
a box whose form may be varied to suit circumstances. It may be made
of iron or other suitable material, and it is so constructed as to have a
door which may be closed with a lock and key, and thereby rendering
access easy.
I would also remark the lower brass or bearing may be grooved
lengthwise and perforated with holes leading from the grooves, and in
the groove may be placed a rubber of suitable material; this will insure
all the oil to run direct into the filtering apparatus, but oil discharged
from any other place would also run into it.
AN IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT FOR REGULATING THE FLOW OF LIQUIDS THROUGH PIPES, VALVES, COCKS, OR OTHER CONDUCTS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Paul Negrin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
November 1869,
I, PAUL NEGRIN, of Marseilles, in the Empire of France, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
ARRANGEMENT FOR REGULATING THE FLOW OF LIQUIDS THROUGH PIPES, VALVES,
COCKS, OR OTHER CONDUCTS," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to an improved arrangement for regulating the
flow of liquids through pipes, tubes, valves, cocks, or other conducts,
and the same consists in providing in the interior of the said parts one
or more perforated or reticulated partitions or diaphrams of wire gauze,
perforated metal, or other plate of any suitable material or shape,
through the mashes or perforations of which the liquid is obliged to pass
for the purpose of properly regulating the flow of it, and at the same.
time arrest part of the impurities containing therein, provision being
made for casily cleaning or replacing the said diaphragm or diaphragms.

page_text: In the annexed Drawing Fig. 1 shows a portion of a pipe, and Fig. 2,
a cock, in the interior of which is provided a diaphragm A of wire gauze
fixed in position by having the rim of it pressed between the end B of
the pipe or of the spout O of, the cock and that of a moveable nut or
ajutage D screwed or otherwise attached to the said pipe or spout.
BREAKWATERS, SEA DEFENCE WALLS, OR ENTRANCE FOR DOCKS, AND DOCKS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John William Jackson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th July 1869.
JOHN WILLIAM JACKSON, of 45, Windsor Street, Brighton, in the
County of Sussex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "BREAKWATERS, SEA DEFENCE WALLS, OR ENTRANCE FOR DOCKS, AND DOCKS,"
to be as follows:-
I place a series of pipes, such as iron or other metals, pot clay, glass,
or otherwise, longitudinally to the sea on the beach, banks, or other
places where a roll or swell of the sea sets in; by placing the open ends
thereto causes the water to pass through, thereby breaking the roll or
swell. Such pipes may be placed loose, but I prefer the pipes to be in
frames or piled to keep them together, as well as tye bars fitted on the
pipes; the same may have palisading on the top to form promenades, &c.
Such are breakwaters & sea defence walls.
Entrance for docks are constructed by means of a series of pipes
placed in a frame or or bolted together & placed at the entrance of
an harbour, so that in rough weather when the roll of the sea sets in

page_text: the pipes require to be so placed most convenient as well as suitable
position to allow the roll or swell to pass & so destroy the force by
dividing & destroying its action or impetus.
A dock may be so constructed by means of pipes placed together in
frames; such frames may be placed on any coast or sea bank or river
at will, so that a boat, yacht, ship, or any vessell may ride behind in
perfect safety, the action of the pipes completely destroying the roll or
swell of the water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF COCKS, TAPS, OR VALVES FOR CONTROLLING THE FLOW OF WATER OR OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Barcroft at the Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
January 1869.
I, EDWARD BARCROFT, of Rawtenstall, in the County of Lancaster,
Plumber and Glazier, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF COCKS, TAPS, OR VALVES FOR
CONTROLLING THE FLOW OF WATER OR OTHER LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to screw taps. Instead of the valve or plug as
now used I employ a cup inverted on a seating of leather; the cup has
a shank or pin, which is received in a hole in the screw spindle of the
tap, the pressure raising the cup and admitting the flow of liquid; on the
plug being screwed down the cup is bedded on its seating, there being
none of the revolving, turning, or twisting action of the cup on its
scating so destructive of the leather seating, and much the occasion of
leakage in taps or cooks as heretofore constructed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SPADE AND SHOVEL MOULDS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Taylor and George
Walter Dyson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 30th January 1869.
We, SAMUEL TAYLOR, of Sheffield, and GEORGE WALTER DYSON, of
Tinsley, both in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SPADE AND
SHOVEL MOULDS," to be as follows:-
The object of our Invention is to make or forge spade and shovel
moulds from solid bars of iron or steel, or steel and iron combined,
instead of by the usual processes of welding two bars of iron and steel
together, or by drawing out the straps separately. To accomplish this
we take a bar of iron or steel, or of steel and iron combined, and forge,
cut, or stamp it to the shape of an ordinary mould, leaving the strap
end solid. We then form the straps by splitting this solid end with a
circular saw or with cutters, and having cut down the goffer and weld
or otherwise the strap ends, we proceed to roll or plate out the moulds
in the ordinary manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE COUPLINGS OF ROLLERS FOR COTTON, SILK, WOOLLEN, WORSTED, AND OTHER MACHINERY
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Bottomley and
Samuel Bottomley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 16th January 1869.
We, WILLIAM BOTTOMLEY and SAMUEL BOTTOMLEY, both of Vine
Roller Works, Millnrow Road, Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE COUPLINGS OF ROLLERS FOR COTTON, SILK, WOOLLEN, WORSTED, AND OTHER
MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
Hitherto it has been customary in coupling rollers to form on the
end of one roller a square projection which has fitted into a square
hole in the other roller.
Our improvement consists in turning a round end on one roller, which'
end has a thread or screw formed on it; this round and fits into a round
hole, and the thread or screw is screwed into this round hole in the other
roller and thus coupling them together.
AN IMPROVED MOTIVE-POWER ENGINE
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George White at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
February 1869.-A communication from abroad by Mr. Marcus
Weissburg, of Vienna, in the Empire of Austria.
I, GEORGE WHITE, of 68, Queen Street, Cheapside, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED MOTIVE-POWER ENGINE," a communication to me from
abroad by Mr. Marcus Weissburg, of Vienna, in the Empire of Austria,
to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to an improved motive-power engine to which I
give the name of automotor, the principle of which consists in imparting
a suitable rotating motion to one or more wheels fixed parallel to each
other on an arbor revolving in suitable bearings, the rotating motion of
the said wheels being kept up by the following means and so as to allow
of applying the revolving motion of the arbor as a prime mover for
driving machinery :-Each of the wheels is provided with four weights of
a horse-shoe shape, and they are connected in such manner so as to form
two pairs. The weights are allowed to glide on four pairs of rails fixed
radially and at right angles to each other on the wheel. To each weight
is connected a sort of lazytongs-shaped lever arms which serve to cause

page_text: the weights to glide vertically up and down along its corresponding pair
of rails, and in such manner that when one of the weights of each pair
moves vertically from the periphery of the wheel towards the centre of
this latter the other weight of the pair moves vertically from the centre
towards the periphery. Each weight is further provided with a forked
or bell-crank lever arm, one arm which is allowed to take hold at the
required moment of one of four pins or bolts fixed to the periphery of
the wheel opposite the end of the rails, whereas the other arm of these
levers serves as a counterweight for liberating at the required moment
the lever and consequently the corresponding weight from the respective
bolt.. By means of this arrangement one-half of the circumferance of
the wheel will constantly be acted upon by the falling effect of the
weights, whereas the remainder half will be kept unloaded, which
difference in load will cause the wheel to revolve, whilst several of these
wheels being fitted on the same arbor and working in combination with
each other, a continuous revolving motion will consequently be imparted
to the said arbor and be made use of as a prime mover for driving
machinery.
The annexed Drawing shows a side elevation of one of the wheels A
fixed on the arbor A¹ and provided with the pairs of rails B, between
which glide the weights C formed into pairs by the connecting rods E;
each weight is connected to a system of levers D of a lazytong shape,
each of which carries a friction roller d which at the required moment
acts against a drum G rotating in fixed bearings; each weight is further
provided with a bell-crank lever F, one arm of which acts as a hook and
at the required moment takes hold of one of the four bolts g fixed in the
periphery of the wheel.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPIDES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Zysel and Orlando
Burdett at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, ou the 19th May 1869.
WC, FRANCIS ZYSEL, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Engineer, and ORLANDO BURDETT, also of Birmingham, aforesaid,
Tobbacconist, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPIDES," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
Our improvements are applicable to velocipedes having either one or
two wheels for the hind support, and consists,―
Firstly. In cranking the axles of both the fore wheel and hind wheel
or wheels, by which means the motive power can be applied on a tread
connected to the fore and hind cranks, both the fore and hind wheel or
wheels being thereby made traction wheels.
Secondly. Our improvements consist in making wheels for velocipedes
by casting them of suitable metal in two parts, by which strength and
lightness will be obtained, and when required laying between the inner
surfaces of the periphery of such wheels india-rubber or other equivalent
material, that their progressive motion may be noiseless.

page_text: Thirdly. Our improvements consist in using one or two Interal stays
or supports that may be raised or lowered at pleasure, with a lateral
projecting arm to take a bearing and sustain the velocipede during the
time the user may desire to alight or mount.
Fourthly. Our improvements consist in the application behind the
periphery of the wheels of velocipedes of a shield or screen to prevent
the revolving action of the wheel throwing up mud or splashes to the
inconvenience of the user.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFES AND REFRIGERATORS FOR PRESERVING AND COOLING FOOD AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Longdon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
August 1869.
I, ROBERT LONGDON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN SAFES AND REFRIGERATORS FOR PRESERVING AND COOLING FOOD AND OTHER
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists principally in forming a safe, cupboard, or
refrigerator (for preserving or cooling cooked or uncooked meat,
vegetables, pastry, butter, milk, or other articles of food) of slate slabs,
either perforated or otherwise, and kept cool by the evaporation of
water or other suitable liquid from a covering of canvas or other
woven fabric, which is kept moist either by capillary attraction or
otherwise.
I prefer to make the safe, cupboard, or refrigerator entirely of
slate as being most cleanly, but it will be evident that the sides or other
parts of the same may, if desired, be made of perforated metal or wire
gauze, the bottom shelves and top only being of slate slabs, marble, or
stone, either perforated or solid. I also prefer to make the bottom slab
with a groove all round into which the water is poured, and in which

page_text: the lower edge of the canvas or other cover dips so as to keep the latter
moist by capillary attraction, but it will be obvious that the moisture
may be supplied to the canvas or other cover in any other self-acting
manner, or even by hand if desirable.
I may also remark that in cases where the cooling effect is required to
be more rapid, or in very hot climates, the effect may be increased by
mixing with the water employed to keep the canvas or other cover
moist any ethereal spirit or other known liquid or substance which will
cause a more rapid evaporation than could be produced by water alone,
and in extreme cases ice or other known cooling or freezing mixture
might also be used in the interior of the safe or refrigerator.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES, PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO BICYCLES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Pash at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th November
1869.
I, FREDERICK PASH, of 72, Gracechurch Street, in the City of
London, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES, PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO BICYCLES," to
be as follows:-
The object of the said Invention is to render the machines known as
bicycles or velocipedes free from danger to the rider. This is effected
by the addition of extra wheels a short distance on either side of the
principal or minor wheel, but in such a manner as not to interfere with
the lightness and speed of the machine, the said wheels being fixed so
as to run a short distance from the ground.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OR MEANS OF SECURING CORKS IN BOTTLES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Julius Valentine Michaux at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 9th November 1869.-A communication from abroad by Henry
Scholfield, of Guatemala, Central America.
I, JULIUS VALENTINE MICHAUX, of Hampstead, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED METHOD OR MEANS OF SECURING CORKS IN BOTTLES," (a commu-
nication to me from abroad by Henry Scholfield, of Guatemala, Central
America,) to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to provide a more simple, effective,
and less expensive method or means of securing corks in bottles, such
as are generally used for champagne, wine, beer, lemonade, or soda
water, or in other bottles in which the corks are required to be securely
held, and by the adoption of such means the ordinary wire or string
fastenings are entirely dispensed with.
The Invention consists in forming in the upper part or neck of the
bottle two holes, one opposite the other. One of these holes is made
just large enough to admit a piece of metal as a fastener formed some-
thing like a nail, having a sharp point at one end, and a flat or other

page_text: headed, circular, square or other suitable projection at the other, tho
second or opposite hole being made large enough laterally to allow for
any slight deviation in the direction the fastener has taken in passing
through the cork. When the cork has been inserted in the neck of the
bottle the fastener is inserted in the smaller hole of the two, and is
forced through the cork until its point has projected through the
opposite hole, the cork being thereby firmly held in the bottle. It will
be evident that the fastener can be made in various shapes, that is, either
circular, square, fluted, or with a screw thread thereon, so long as there
is a sharp point at one end and a suitable projection at the other, a great
advantage in the use of this fastener being that it can be used over and
over again, whereas the usual wire or string fasteners having usually to
be cut cannot be re-used but are thrown away.
A DIAPHRAGM INDICATOR ESPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR WATER AND OTHER METERS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Gascoigne Lynde at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th September 1869.
I, JAMES GASCOIGNE LYNDE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A DIAPHRAGM INDICATOR ESPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR WATER AND OTHER METERS,"
to be as follows:-
In performing my Invention I dispense with the stuffing box and
connections employed in the ordinary diaphragm meters, and in lieu
thereof I make the diaphragm of two sheets of vulcanized india-rubber
or other suitable material with a space left across and in the centre of
the diaphragm. The space through the diaphragm is for the purpose of
admitting a rod of whalebone or other flexible material, which rod is
secured at one end in the joint of the body or casing of the diaphragm
chamber, at the other end the rod passes through the joint and projects
beyond the diaphragm chamber, a small metal tube being inserted into
the diaphragm to protect the whalebone rod where it passes through
the joint in the casing at the loose end where it must work freely.

page_text: The vulcanized india-rubber diaphragm may be made of one sheet
with a hole through and across it. When the meter is at work a
sliding motion is imparted to the end of the rod projecting through the
diaphragm chamber, to the end of this rod any indicator or counter
may be attached to mark the number of strokes of the diaphragm.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF 'TAILORS' SHEARS' AND SCISSORS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Josiah Whyte at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
February 1869.
I, JOSIAH WHYTE, of Hoxton, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF 'TAILORS' SHEARS' AND SCISSORS," to be as
follows:-
The objects of these improvements are, first, to increase the steadiness
of the blades in order to ensure the cutting edges being always in contact
whilst cutting and to give increased strength; and secondly, to enable
the bottom blade to lie closer to the table.
The blades are constructed as follows:-The upper portion of the
shoulder of each blade is formed with a. curved projection, which is
perforated for the pin or stud on which the blades work to be inserted.
The lower portion of one blade has a pin or stud connected to it, the other
has a slot in it for the last-named pin to work in, which slot is a segment
of a circle struck from the upper pin on which the blades move. The
bottom of the "finger bow" is of a flat form and in a line with the
back of the lower blade, thus enabling the shears to lie closer to the
table and preventing when cutting more than one thickness of cloth

page_text: any baggyness or sag in either fold. The upper or thumb bow is
curved and stands up well above the table, whereby a firmer hold and
greater command are obtained. By reason of the shoulders of both blades
being connected at two points greater steadiness is ensured, and the
cutting edges are kept in contact.
AN IMPROVED LADIES' AND CHILDREN'S COMBINED UNDER GARMENT
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George William Rowley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th October 1869.
I, GEORGE WILLIAM ROWLEY, of 24, Addle Street, in the City of
London, Merchant and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED LADIES' AND CHILDREN'S COMBINED
UNDER GARMENT," to be as follows:-
The improved ladies' or children's under garment has for its object to
combine a chemise with drawers in one, by which convenience is
obtained. For this purpose the linen, calico, or other such fabric
ordinarily employed in the manufacture of ladies' chemises and drawers
is cut to the form of the drawers and continued up to form the body of
the chemise, and the parts are sewn together so as to leave an opening
between the legs for all necessary purposes, and also with an opening or
openings at the breast and round the neck, which may be closed by
buttoning or otherwise. At the waist there is a slide or other suitable

page_text: opening when desired for a tape, or there may be an elastic or other
band so as to admit of the garment being drawn in at that part. The
bottoms of the drawers and the upper part of the body may be furnished
with tucks, frills, lace, or other ornamental work.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hubert Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th June
1869.
I, HUBERT SMITH, of Hereford, in the County of Hereford, Engineer
and Ironfounder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
The improvements consist in constructing and arranging the crank
intended for driving the knife bar in a vertical or upright position, that
is, at right angles or nearly so to such knife bar, also in slotting the
end of the knife bar, and making such slot of sufficient length and of
sufficient angle and size to admit and control, by means of suitable pins
or rollers or slides working therein, the throw of the knife bar when
by the motion of the crank such knife bar is driven to and fro.
Further, the improvements consist in placing a steel or metal cutter
having suitable studs thereon in the mould in which it is intended to
cast the fingers, so that when cast and removed from the mould the
steel or metal cutter is well secured to the finger.

page_text: And the improvements further consist in so arranging by means of
the slot above mentioned, or by other suitable means, the knife bar so
that it may lie and work at any desired angle to the draft of the
machine and facilitate the delivery or removal of the corn, and in so
constructing the fingers and knives on such inclined finger and knife
bar that they, the fingers and knives, may lie in a direction parallel to
the shaft.
The improvements may be carried into effect by making the various
parts of metal or wood, or part of one and part of another.
AN ARM AND RECLINING CHAIR FOR TRAVELLERS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gedge at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th July
1869. A communication from abroad by Maxemin Guéneret, 37,
Boulevard Bonne Nouvelle, Paris, France.
I, JOHN GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of No. 11,
Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN ARM AND
RECLINING CHAIR FOR TRAVELLERS," a communication to me from abroad
by Maxemin Guéneret, 37, Boulevard Bonne Nouvelle, Paris, France, to
be as follows:-
The arm and reclining chair, the subject of this Invention, is
composed,-
1°. Of a frame which may be either in wood, iron, or other metal
and of such shape as the maker may decide, but will always fold up at
pleasure. The back is in three parts, united by jointed pieces. The
number of parts of which the back is composed may be increased or
diminished according to the form chosen. Stuffed or padded pieces
serve as supports for the head to recline on, and may be made fixed or

page_text: moveable and to fold on the chair, they are maintained in upright
position by a strap or bridle fixed to the framing of the chair which is
lined as would be an ordinary arm chair. If it be desired to form bed
or reclining chair, the above-named bridle should be replaced by the
ordinary rack or any other system which will permit the back to recline.
2°. It is spring or cushion seated, and it may be desirable to furnish
it, as well as the back and head supports, with galvanized caoutchouc
extended or extendable with air, gas, &c., or it may be seated and backed
with rushes or cane.
3°. This fauteuil or arm chair is furnished with a pliable or rigid foot
stool adapted at pleasure. When not travelling the owner may use the
chair as a drawing-room chair. The great facility with which this arm-
chair is folded up renders it well suited for travellers by land or sea and
for invalids in moveable hospitals when on service.
AN IMPROVED IRON CHAIN NET FOR OYSTER DREDGES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Wallop Brabazon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
February 1869.
WALLOP BRABAZON, of Broomfield House, Malahide, in the County
of Dublin, late Captain Royal Glanmorgan Militia, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED IRON CHAIN NET FOR
OYSTER DREDGES," to be as follows:-
1. The links of this dredge are runners like those of a snow sleigh;
they are turned up at the ends and connected by an iron ring or link
which rest on them and presents a smooth under surface which carries
it along the bottom of the sea, passing over the spat and brood of oysters,
mussel, &c. without injury to them.
2. As an oyster dredge it will not injure the spat or brood by tearing
it off the clutch and grinding it to pieces as the other patterns of chain
net must do from their rough surface. As the connecting rings rests
on the links or runners the bottom surface of the chain net is smooth
and will pass over the brood and spat without disturbing it; from the
same cause the draft of the net will be much lighter along the bottom of
the sea.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS OR SHOES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Charles Bull at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st April 1869.
I, THOMAS CHARLES BULL, of Weobley, in the County of Hereford,
Maltster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS OR SHOES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to manufacturing those portions of boots or
shoes usually called the "elastics" or "side springs" (and elastic
fronts in shoes) with a compound elastic gusset composed of the
ordinary elastic and a protective outside or covering which will render
the elastic or spring much more durable than heretofore.
The Invention consists in applying and attaching outside each of the
usual pieces of elastic or side springs a protective piece of kid leather or
other suitable material according to the nature and strength of the boot
or shoe. This piece is made of about the same size that the elastic or
side spring will be when the latter is stretched to its full elastic extent;
it is then firmly sewn or secured to the elastic or side spring by regular

page_text: rows of stitches running at right angles or from top to bottom of the
piece of elastic, so that when the elastic is allowed to return to its
original unstretched state the outside protective piece of kid leather or
other material will collapse with the elastic and present a fluted or
grooved appearance, effectually covering and preserving the elastic from
the external friction and wear that it is now exposed to, and forming a
compound elastic gusset which it is anticipated will wear without renewal
as long as the boot or shoe will last. The gusset will be firmly attached
to the boot or shoe in the ordinary way. This compound elastic gusset
can also be applied with the same advantages to the elastic fronts of
shoes, and to any other parts of boots or shoes where it may be required;
or instead of another piece of leather, kid, or other material the top of
the boot may be made in two parts joined at back and front, and the
elastic stretched to its fullest extent and applied to the sides of the boot
and sewn thereto, which will then collapse with the kid or other material
and present the fluted appearance.
AN IMPROVED SIDE- ARM FOR CLEARING THE CHAMBERS AND RIFLING OF ORDNANCE
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Tyndale Greenfield at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th September 1869.
I, JOHN TYNDALE GREENFIELD, of Pencester Street, Dover, in the
County of Kent, a Lieutenant in Her Majesty's Royal Artillery, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SIDE-
ARM FOR CLEARING THE CHAMBERS AND RIFLING OF ORDNANCE," to be as
follows:-
This Invention is intended to supersede the sponge and searchers at
present employed for clearing the chambers and rifling of ordnance, and
which have been found very defective in practice, and consists in sub-
stituting in lieu thereof an implement or side arm which shall perform
the double office of sponge and searcher. The principle I have sought
to attain is to so construct an implement that it shall enter the bore of
the
gun at low guage and withdraw high guage so as to get behind and
lay hold of any portions of unburnt cartridge case that may be at the
bottom of the chamber or breech of the gun and bring it out lighted or
not, clear of the muzzle of the gun. The improved side arm or im-
plement above referred to consists of a brush made of coir (or bass) let

page_text: into a drum of wood similar to that of the present sponge head; the
bristles are set helically around the said drum so that they have a lay or
incline all in one direction horizontally. I also propose to form the
hinder part of the brush head smaller in diameter than the fore part
thereof, and have the bristles longer than those that are in front for the
purpose of enabling the longer bristles to sweep well into the deep
grooving of rifled guns.
The effect of an implement of the above construction is as follows:-
When inserted into the bore of a gun it moves home very easily by
reason of the bristles being compressible, but when pushed home and ]
supposing the said bristles all to incline to the right, by turning the
brush in the same direction as the lay of the bristles they will be set up or
raised and thus brought into close contact with the chamber or breech of
the gun and sieze hold of any substance adhering thereto, and the act
of withdrawing the said brush and giving a gentle turn to the stave sets 1
the bristles still more erect, causing them to scrape the whole periphery
of the bore of the gun and keeping in their grip and withdrawing any
loose substance the bristles may have come into contact with.
By the use of an implement of the above construction I am enabled
to keep the gun clean and free from all substances that might catch fire 2
at the next round, or foul the gun and eause miss-fire.
Ax IMPROVED CLYSTER PUMP
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Etienne Joachim Daniel Fossard
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 8th February 1869.
I, ETIENNE JOACHIM DANIEL FOSSARD, of Paris, Rue Albony, No. 24,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Ax
IMPROVED CLYSTER PUMP," to be as follows:-
In the constructing clyster pumps on my improved system I šo
arrange the parts that I dispense with any bifurcation of the suction
or delivery tubes, and maintain them in a right line with each other or
nearly so. I place the pump at any convenient point on this right line,
connecting it at one end with the suction pipe and at the other end
with the delivery pipe. I form the pump simply of a straight tube;
having at its lower extremity a loose valve opening upwards from
the suction tube, and at its upper end another loose valve opening
upwards into the delivery tube. The pump tube has a hozzle on its
side, on to which I secure a hollow ball of caoutchouc, by the alternate
expansion and compression of which liquids will be drawn through the
suction pipe and forced on through the delivery pipe. I employ loose
metallic valves in this form of pump for the purpose of facilitating its

page_text: cleansing, and I cover the lower extremity of the suction pipe where it
dips into the liquid with a grating of wire or a plate with perforations in
order to prevent the passage of substances too large to go through the
pump.
ATTACH- ING PURSES OR OTHER ARTICLES TO THE POCKETS OR CLOTHING TO PREVENT LOSS OR ROBBERY
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gasparine Blanche at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
March 1869.
I, GASPARINE BLANCHE, of 13, Rue Gaillon, Paris, Empire of France,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "ATTACH-
ING PURSES OR OTHER ARTICLES TO THE POCKETS OR CLOTHING TO PREVENT LOSS OR
ROBBERY," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to provide a simple method of securing
purses or other articles to the pockets or other parts of wearing apparel
to prevent loss or robbery from the person.
To carry out my Invention I employ a ring or other analogous device
with an opening cut therein, or a piece of wire or metal curved so that
its two ends nearly meet, leaving a similar space or opening to allow a
portion of the clothing, whether the interior of the pocket, the lining
thereof, or any other part of the apparel to be inserted within such
opening, and by means of a screw or screws upon the said ends or acting
upon the said ends I close this aperture upon the folds of the dress,
portion of the pocket, or other part of the apparel within the said
opening or vacant space between the ends of the curved wire or piece

page_text: of metal. The purse or other article it is required to protect is attached
by a rivet, screw, swivel, or any suitable means to the other portion of
the ring, bent wire, or piece of metal, thus avoiding the loss of the article,
or, in case of attempted robbery warning the wearer of the attack upon
his property by the violence required to detach it from his person.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FEEDING STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES WITH FUEL, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Berger Spence at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
September 1869.
I, JOHN BERGER SPENCE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FEEDING STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES WITH
FUEL, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to that system of feeding furnaces in which the
fuel is delivered in a pulverized or disintegrated condition, and consists in
employing the apparatus which breaks it up as a medium for delivering
it direct by a current of air or by centrifugal action.
The apparatus I now propose to employ consists of a revolving shaft
provided with arms and placed within a cylinder which is furnished
with projecting parts, and into which the fuel to be broken up is fed, .
after which it is propelled into the furnace by the draft generated or
by centrifugal action. A sieve may be adapted to the opening through
which the pulverized fuel issues.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF CLOTH AND YARN FOR PRINTING AND DYEING
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Joseph Hughes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th May 1869.-A communication from abroad by Charles Dreyfus,
of Rixheim, in the Empire of France.
I, EDWARD JOSEPH HUGHES, of the City of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF CLOTH AND YARN
FOR PRINTING AND DYEING," being a communication to me from abroad
by Charles Dreyfus, of Rixheim, in the Empire of France, to be as
follows:-
I prepare the cloth or yarn with acetate of lime, or with hyposulphite
of calcium, then print the colors with lactarine dissolved in ammonia or
other known processes, and steam as usual. By this method of preparing
the cloth before printing the colors printed with lactarine are rendered
much faster than if printed on unprepared cloth.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN ORGANS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Watson Warman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th April 1869.
I, JOHN WATSON WARMAN, Marlboro' Street, Faringdon, Berks, Organ
Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ORGANS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the reduction of the distances apart of the.
levels of the manuals of an organ, so that the distance from one manual
to that next it need not be more than 2 inches. This reduction of
distance I obtain by giving the key a bayonet-like form (elevation), the
finger portion being the higher; the thumper bar thus resting on the
body portion just behind the finger portion will rise no higher than the
latter, & consequently be clear of the pin rail of the next manual
above. Note. The keys of the topmost manual of a set may be of
the usual straight form.
Ax ELASTIC HORSE BOOT
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Williams at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
July 1869.
I, WILLIAM WILLIAMS, F.R.S.E., M.R.C.V.S., Principal and Pro-
fessor of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery at the Edinburgh Veterinary
College, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Ax
ELASTIC HORSE BOOT," to be as follows:-
It is intended to supersede the use of iron shoes and of nails for the
protection of horses' feet by the use of an elastic boot. It is struck by a
block or die out of "vulcanized india-rubber" or other elastic substance
to the shape of the horse's hoof so as to envelope the whole foot, sole,
frog, and walls. It is intended to be drawn on the hoof like the shoe
on the human foot, and the elastic nature of preparation enables it
to adapt itself by contraction to the shape of the horse's hoof. It is
calculated also to prevent slipping in frosty weather and upon paved
streets, by the adhesive properties of the elastic compound and by the
lower surface being made to resemble the natural appearance of the sole.