IMPROVEMENTS IN LATHES FOR TURNING BUTTONS AND SUCH LIKE
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert John Haddan, of the Firm of Herbert and
Company, Solicitors of Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster,
Civil Engineer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LATHES FOR
TURNING BUTTONS AND SUCH LIKE." A communication from abroad by
E. Kretschmann, of Lindenau-Leipzig, in the Kingdom of Saxony.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Herbert John Haddan at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th May 1881.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67 Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LATHES FOR TURNING BUTTONS AND SUCH LIKE." A communication
from abroad by E. Kretschmann, of Lindenau-Leipzig, in the Kingdom of
Saxony.
The improvements consist in driving the two cutters employed by one band or
strap, which can be tightened and stopped by means of a pulley; also in the feeding
mechanism, consisting of a moveable groove, safety lever, and moveable knee
combined with a taker or holder, the lever being connected with a box and spiral-
spring, the feeder and knee actuated by an eccentric and lever; also in the arrange-
ment of two cross-heads fastened on the main frame and moved by an eccentric,
said cross-heads being provided with cheek-pieces, which are opened and shut
automatically by an eccentric and slot arrangement. The various parts are of
metal, and the improvements relate more particularly to lathes for turning and
fashioning buttons out of vegetable ivory.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Herbert John Haddan in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
18th November 1881.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LATHES FOR TURNING BUTTONS AND SUCH LIKE." A communication
from abroad by E. Kretschmann, of Lindenau-Leipzig, in the Kingdom of
Saxony.
This Invention relates to an improved lathe which is especially intended for
turning buttons of vegetable ivory or corozo-nut, and such like, and which is
constructed as follows:-The material (previously cut into square pieces) is supplied
to the machine by a feed mechanism, and then secured in jaws. These jaws are
shifted against rapidly revolving knives, thus causing the material to be worked.
A suitable reversing mechanism is provided for allowing of the pieces being worked
on both sides.
The annexed Drawings will serve to illustrate this Invention and show a suitable
manner for carrying it into effect.
The feed-channel A (shown in Sheet I., Figs. 1; 2, & 3, and Sheet III., Figs. 15,
16, & 17) is formed by a slit, which may be adapted to the size of the material fed
in. The width of the feed-channel is adjusted by means of slit-plate E, placed
between base-plate C and upper plate D. The plate E is provided with slits e, and
may be shifted by means of a set-screw F guided at a, and turning in a nut E',
which is secured to the plate E. If the screw F is turned the plate E begins to shift
and imparts this motion to the guide-rails B, B¹, this being effected by means of
bolts b guided in the oblique slits e and fastened to the guide-rails.
For adjusting the depth of the channel the following arrangement is made-A
transverse piece h (Figs. 15 to 17) secured to the base-plate C by means of posts g
is provided with a screw G. The bolts bare secured to the upper plate D and also
connected with the rails B, B¹. Thus if the screw G is turned the upper plate D
and the bolts bare longitudinally shifted, thereby adjusting the rails B, B². The nut
of the screw is secured by means of a set-screw h¹. The feed-channel is curved at
its lower end towards the middle of the jaws, therefore the rail B must admit of
being symmetrically adjusted, this being obtained by the oblique direction of slits
in the plate D. Below the feed-channel there is an angle-piece H, H', which
receives a rectilinear to and fro motion from the support I. From the long side H¹
the material is shifted so far by means of a lever L as to lie between the two
sides H. H¹, forming a right angle. The lever L receives its motion from a draw
rod L', which is moyed from the main-support and main-excentric. The draw rod L¹
glides in a sleeve L" connected with a spiral-spring c, which is connected with the
draw rod L' by means of a wedge k. This arrangement has the effect to prevent
fractures in the machine, in the case of some piece taking a wrong position, and
thereby blocking the channel. The motion of the lever L is paralyzed by the
spiral-spring c until the lever assumes a retrograde motion, allowing to remove the
hindrance. Then the lever L carries the material to the jaws again. The angle H, H¹,
is chosen according to the size of the material.
Both the angle H, H', and the rulers B, B¹, may be adjusted by means of the
regulator h applied to the support I. From the angle H, H', the support I
forwards the material to the holder. The elastic forwarder K', surrounded by the
spiral-spring i, presses the piece of material against the holder. The spiral-spring i
and the forwarder K' are adjusted according to the size of material by means of
nuts, Then the material is seized exactly concentrical by the jaws (Figs. 4
to 9, Sheet II.). After this, the holder K having been turned through an angle of

page_text: 90 degrees, the piece of material is pushed in front of the rapidly revolving knife.
The motion of the forwarder K and of the angle H, H', through support I, is due
to a mechanism connected with the excentric Z as follows:-Excentric Z regulates
the holder K2 and support Z' by means of a pulley d and oblique strips d. At
the same time the excentric-rod U" (Sheet I., Fig. 3, and Sheet III., Figures 18
& 19) shifts the small support Y, placed below supports Z', and bearing a pulley cll.
The pulley e slides in the slit c, formed by two strips c², c², and causes the cross-
support to shift; and Y' imparts a to-and-fro motion to the lever Ys by means
of a rod Y. The support I, forwarder K¹, and angle H, H', are likewise moved by
the above mentioned action of the lever Y³. The jaws of the holder are automatically
closed and opened by the following mechanism (see Sheet II.):-The axle N
(Fig. 4) is caused to make a short rotation by means of the bevel sectors m, m³,
which are mounted on the shaft N, N. The shaft N also makes a short rotation
by means of the toothed slide N" (Fig. 12B), moved by the excentric V. The
short rotation of the axle N has the purpose of closing and opening the fixing-jaws.
The transmission of this motion is effected as follows:-
1
In each of the two slits (Figure 4) of axle N are fitted two nuts m, m', pro-
vided at the top with a right hand thread, at the bottom with a left hand thread.
The spindle n which is placed in the upper part of the axle N and cannot shift but
turn, gears into the nuts m¹, m", which can (sliding in the slits ) be approached
to or removed from one another by turning the spindle n. By this arrangement
the distance between the jaws can be increased or lessened according to the piece
to be worked. The nuts m, ml, are secured by screws m³ to the cams n¹, n³,
(Figs. 4, 8, & 9, Sheet II.,) and therefore these cans turn with the nuts. By the
motion of the cams the driving pulleys o, o', are removed from each other according
to the curves of the cams n", ³. The motion of the pulleys o, o, is transmitted
by the hollow beams c' upon the jaws p, p', because the jaws are secured to the
above pulleys by means of these beams. In the hollow space of the beams c¹ are
several spiral springs q effecting the closing of the jaws p, p', independently of the
driving pulleys. The lower cam n³ has only one curve, the spiral spring q
preventing the lower pulleys o, o', from dropping. The piece of material seized by
the jaws is placed by the holder in front of the shaping knife in the following
manner-The holder K¹ is fastened on the slide rest O, while the holder K² is
fastened on the slide Z which shifts on the main slide rest O, this motion being
caused by the auxiliary excentric Z. The slide rest receives an alternating motion
from the main excentric Q1, Q', so as to present both pieces of material in the jaws
at the same time to the revolving shaping knives. In order to have the pieces
well shaped the material must not be pressed against the knife with a constant
pressure; at first it must be shaped roughly, for which purpose the piece must
revolve rapidly, then gradually the rotation of the piece must be slackened for
smoothing and polishing. For obtaining this varying motion of the support O the
main excentric Q', Q2, is constructed in the following manner, viz. :-The main
excentric consisting of the discs Q1, Q2, is loose on the shaft S, and has a bearing
in T; it receives a rotary motion from the bevel wheels r, 2, and is firmly con-
nected with the tooth wheel 8. The gear 8 transfers the motion to 8' and to the
shaft T', by which the excentric shaft S is moved in a peculiar manner by means
of excentric wheels goo'.
The excentric rod X terminates with a frame Q
bearing on both sides the pulleys 1, U. These pulleys are intended to convert the
rotary motion of the wheels r, r¹, into the to-and-fro motion of the excentric rod X.
The pulley is fixed on one side of the frame and is shifted by the disc Q', while
pulley is fixed to the other side, and is moved by a disc Q' in a direction contrary
to that of '; therefore an alternate motion of the excentric rod and of the main
support O is effected by the discs Q', Q, in connection with the driving pulleys 1,
and ¹. The drawing motion of the excentric.rod corresponds with the pressure of
the piece against the shaping knife. In order to obtain the particular uneven

page_text: motion a correspondingly irregular form is given to the disc Q³. The pressing
motion produced by pulley l' and disc Q corresponds with the rapid backward
motion of the main slide, and therefore the disc Q₁ is made different in shape from
the disc Q. After the piece in the jaws has been turned and shaped by the knives
the main slide and the two holders are quickly withdrawn by the main excentric.
At the beginning of this backward motion both holders are turned round. The
reversion of the holders while the slide is withdrawn is due to the irregular
wheels
ду
in connection with the excentric W. The rod of excentric W
The
is connected with the stopping mechanism, viz., the ratchet wheel and the two
clicks, 1, (Fig. 14). The ratchet-wheel is fixed on the bolt a¹ carrying
the wheel a², which gears into wheel a³. Whenever the excentric W is
moving the ratchet wheel v is turned away, and so is the wheel a³. The
wheel a² is in such a connection with a³ that the holders are turned 90 degrees,
owing to the reversion caused by excentric W. The reversion of the
holders is effected by means of the bevel wheels 3 and 4, these wheels
being fixed on the shaft a and gearing into the bevel wheel-rings t, t¹, which
are secured to the upper part of the holders. The holders being thus turned 90°
the holder K2 must take the piece which has been worked in K¹ on one side only.
Therefore it is necessary to approach the holder K² to K¹ in such a manner that
the centres of the corresponding jaws are exactly opposite each other.
approaching of the holders is effected by the following mechanism :-The excentric Z
on the shaft S is connected by the rode with the small slide d", and the excentric
rod is provided with the regulating nut 6, so that the shifting of the excentric or
slide Z' can be regulated. The support Z' and holder K¹ are shifted on the main
slide or slide rest O by the action of the excentric Z, which moves the small slide d
with oblique strips d', the strips d¹ cause the pulley d to slide in the slit between
the two oblique strips and to shift the support Z. The pulley & is firmly connected
with the slide Z¹ of the holder K* The motion of support Z' by means of
eccentric Z causes the holder K² to approach K'. When the centres of the two
jaws are exactly opposite each other, the toothed slot N₁ begins to act, and effects
by means of the bevel-sectors, the opening of the jaws. The piece of material is
loosened in the holder K¹, and at the same time the jaw of holder K² seizes it as
the holder K recedes owing to the motion of slide Z¹ and excentric Z. The
unworked side of the piece is now in front of the knife. In order to accomplish a
shifting of the holder K³, the bevel wheel π can slide on the beam a. The wheel T
is guided by a pin ẞ in the fixed sleeve B₁ in such a manner that it can shift but
not turn, and this arrangement effects an exact working of the mechanism.
Likewise is the holder K' made to shift somewhat on the main support O, in order
to be placed just in the middle of the shaping knife-shaft. For preventing the
holders from turning more than 90° there is the following mechanism:-The
holders have holes (Fig. 5) into which the stopping bolts Ŏ (crossing the lower
part of the holders) are made to gear if the holders do not move. The action of
the stopping-bolts is due to the excentric R fixed on the beam S, and connected
with the connecting bolt s by means of a rod R¹. The shaft s¹ serves as a fulcrum
or pivot, and the connecting bolts has the purpose of securing the precise working
of the stopping bolts for both holders. The stopping bolt (for the movable
holder) is connected with a sleeve s³, and shifts on the connecting bolts whenever
the holder K shifts. The action of the stopping bolts is caused by the excentric R,
and this motion is not interfered with by the main excentric, the shape of the
secondary excentric R being conformed to the motion of the main excentric during
a certain period. Likewise the shape of the secondary excentric causes a
quick receding of the stopping bolts in the moment, when the holders begin
to move again. The whole machine is moved by peculiar gearing (Sheet IV.,
Figa, 20 to 23), the driving belt passing from the pulley over the pulley σ¹ and

page_text: both driving pulleys, on the cutter shafts w¹, w². This arrangement has the
purpose of effecting a steady rotary speed of the cutter shafts w¹, w, and to obtain
large angle for the driving belts. According to the arrangement of the overhead
gearing, with regard to the position of the machine, the pulley ¹ can be moved by
pivotted arm, and also the distance of the axis of the pulley σ¹ can be regulated
by a wheel and spindle as required. From the shaft w₁ the motion is
ransferred by a pulley r on the pulley T, and this pulley moves the other
nechanism by means of toothed wheels. The disc serves as a pulley for the
tring that passes over the pulleys T, ¹. The disengaging arrangement for the
overhead gearing and the other arrangements are as usual in such machines, and
may be substituted by any other suitable device.
First. The two cutter-shafts moved by a common belt, which may be put into or
out of gear by means of the pulley σ as required, substantially as described and
illustrated.
Second. The mechanism for feeding the material into the machine and the
moveable channel for this purpose, the safety-lever L, the moveable angle H, H',
the taker-in or forwarder K¹, the lever L connected with the sleeve L" and spiral-
spring c¹, the forwarder or taker-in K' and angle H, H¹, moved by the excentric Z,
lever Ys, and slide I, substantially as described and illustrated.
Third. The arrangement of the holders K' and K2 secured on the main slide
rest O and moved by the main excentric Q, said holders being provided with jaws
which are automatically opened and closed at certain intervals by the excentric V
and slide N, substantially as described and illustrated.
Fourth. The arrangement of the reversing mechanism of the holders K¹ and K³,
which consists of the ratchet mechanism a, v, vl, and v¹, actuated by the excentric
rod W in connection with the shaft a and the bevel-wheels #, π', substantially as
described and illustrated.
Fifth. The combination of holder K² on the slide-rest
with pulley d,
strips d, excentric Z, and slide Z', substantially as described and illustrated.
Sixth. The mechanism for moving the slide I, consisting of excentric Z,
excentric rod U", slide Y, in connection with pulley c and slit c', cross-slide Y',
draw rod Y, and lever Y³, substantially as described and illustrated.
Seventh. The regulating mechanism consisting of shaft s¹, bolt s, in connection
with excentric R and stopping bolts 8, 81, substantially as described and
illustrated.
Eighth. The peculiar arrangement of the driving-excentrics, being cams in
connection with driving pulleys, substantially as described and illustrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Herbert John Haddan, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of November, A.D. 1881.
T
זגת.זח