IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING OR DECO- RATING GLASS, METALS, AND OTHER MATERIALS OR FABRICS, AND IN MEANS AND APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN PROVISIONAL SPATION
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Henry Reynell Toye, of Philadelphia, in the
United States of America, and at present of 68 Fleet Street, in the City of
London, for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING OR DECO-
RATING GLASS, METALS, AND OTHER MATERIALS OR FABRICS, AND IN MEANS
AND APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Henry Reynell
Toye at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th September
1882,
WILLIAM HENRY REYNELL TOYE, of Philadelphia, in the United States of
America, and at present of 68 Fleet Street, in the City of London, IMPROVEMENTS
IN ORNAMENTING OR DECORATING GLASS, METALS, AND OTHER MATERIALS OR
FABRICS, AND IN MEANS AND APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN,
In proceeding in the manner set forth in the Specification of the British Letters
Patent, N° 5223, dated 29 Nov. 1881, and granted to George Pitt, as a Communi-
cation from the Fabric Ornamenting and Manufacturing Company, of New York,
it is necessary first to coat the surface of the material to be ornamented, with an
adhesive medium or size; then to distribute masses or heaps of powdered pigments
thereon;
then to blend, or more or less intermingle such masses or heaps; and finally
to subject the surface, thus prepared to pressure.
Now, my invention relates, first, to certain improvements in the preparation of
the materials to be used in the said process; secondly, to a method of decorating or
ornamenting glass and metals according to such process; and thirdly, to apparatus
to be used in combination with the said process.
As regards the adhesive medium or size, which I prefer to use for coating the
surface of the material to be treated, the same consists of two parts, by measure,
of white lead or zinc white, two parts, by measure, of heavy linseed varnish, and
one part, by measure, of thick copal varnish. To make different coloured sizes, I
add various colours to the above compound, as desired.
This formula, however, is

page_text: not an arbitrary one, as the colours may be made to adhere by various other viscid
substances, such as gum arabic, glue, starch, or ordinary flour paste.
My next improvement in the succeeding stage in the operation, relating to the
deposition of the dry colours on the adhesive surface, has reference to the
manufacture of these colours.
These dry colours I prepare with a base consisting of 3 parts, by weight of starch,
and 1 part by weight of tale, to which may be added solutions of aniline colours,
or such other colours as may be required to produce different shades of colours,
substantially as described in the Specification of the Patent hereinbefore referred
to. The combination of the starch and the tale is of great importance, as the
starch absorbs the colour, and the tale acts as a lubricant to make the colours slip,
or fall easily through the hoppers.
The colours, having been prepared, as above described, are placed in a hopper, or
hoppers, or in any other suitable receptacle, or receptacles, which are by preference,
constructed to operate in the manner described in the specification of the Patent
hereinbefore referred to, wherein any suitable mechanical device may be employed
to stir the colours, and to cause them to fall on an intermediate apron or shelf,
adjustable at various angles, to which a to and fro, oscillating, or intermittent
motion is imparted, and by means of which the dry colours dropped on the material,
are caused to slide off in large or small spots on the prepared surface, as the same
passes under the hopper, or hoppers, After the colours have been dropped or
deposited on the prepared surface, it is then (by the action of the machine) passed
under oscillating or vibrating brushes which, by preference, are small camel's hair
brushes, placed in a row or rows, as desired. These brushes impart a light gentle
touch, which breaks up the masses or heaps of colours, and blends them, thereby
causing a mottled effect to be produced on the material.
Another improvement relates to apparatus for cleaning and removing surplus
colour, or colours, from the material under treatment. After the dry colours have been
dropped on to the prepared surface, and are mingled or blended thereon, by suitable
mechanical means, such as described, a surplus quantity of the colours is left on
the surface of the material, which it is necessary to remove, in order to produce
good effects, and cleanness of surface. To attain these objects, I cause the material
to pass under a series of rapidly revolving thin bristle brushes, or brushes made of
fur, preferably of beaver fur; these brushes disturb or pick up the surplus dry
colours that have not adhered, and by their rapid action, agitate the air in an
enclosed funnel-shaped box, which is placed over the brushes. A suction blower,
or fan, is combined with this funnel-shaped box, and the superfluous and agitated
colours are drawn off rapidly by a current of air, produced by this blower, and thus
the decorated material issues from the machine in a clean condition, with all the
surplus colours removed. These surplus colours, or dust, as sucked up, or drawn
off, may le deposited in a box, or other receptacle, and, if required, may be further
treated, to fit them for use again, either for use, as a distinct colour or for manu-
facturing into, or blending with other colours, as desired.
My invention further relates to the treatment of glass, to render the same fit for
being decorated or ornamented, according to my process.
The glass must first be made perfectly clean, especially as regards the removal of
greasy substances. It is then coated with an adhesive medium, or size, made of
two parts by measure of thick copal varnish, and one part by measure, of thick
linseed oil. The size may be applied by a roller, or rollers, or if necessary by a
brush. After the glass is coated with the size the colours may be applied by hand,
from a number of dredgers, or the glass may be run through the combined machine,
and in so doing receive the dry powdered colours, in small masses or heaps, which
masses or heaps are then blended or mottled, as above described, and subjected to
the action of brushes for the purpose of removing any superfluous colours, after
which operation it will present a variegated or a mottled surface, as desired. In
order to fix the colours and size more firmly on the glass, the glass so decorated
may be then placed in an oven, or retort, and dried slowly at a temperature below

page_text: It is
Great
212°, Fah. preferably at 150°, Fab. When the combined colours and size are dry,
the glass may receive a thin coat of copal varnish, this last or finishing coat may
then be dried, and the colours, varnish, and size will be found to adhere firmly
and resist the action of moisture, or deleterious gases in the atmosphere.
not however absolutely necessary to finish off with a coat of varnish.
permanency may be secured by placing a sheet of transparent glass over the
decorated surface. Different transparent colours may be mixed with the size, or
adhesive material, and an infinite variety of results may thus be produced at the
will of the operator.
My invention further relates to the treatment of metallic surfaces, and by way
of example, I proceed to describe the process of treating tin plates, in order to
decorate or ornament the same, by my process.
The plate to be decorated must first be scarified, either by using finely ground
pumice-stone, or fine sand paper, or the surface may be scratched over with minute
Ecratches, by suitable machinery, or it may be chemically treated. The object of
scarifying the surface of the plate, either by mechanical or chemical action, is to
enable the size, or adhesive substance, to more firmly adhere to the surface thereof.
It is necessary to do this in order that, if it be required to cut up or to press into
dies, the decorated metallic plate, the colours shall not peel off, or chip away. The
plates after being decorated or ornamented are dried by heat, and varnished, if
necessary. The application of the size and colours is exactly the same as for the
decoration of glass just above described.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Henry Reynell Toye in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
7th March 1883.
WILLIAM HENRY REYNELL TOYE, of Philadelphia, in the United States of
America, and at present of 68 Fleet Street, in the City of London, IMPROVEMENTS
IN ORNAMENTING OR DECORATING GLASS, METALS, AND OTHER MATERIALS OR
FABRICS, AND IN MEANS AND APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN
In proceeding in the manner set forth in the Specification of the British Letters
Patent N° 5223, dated 29 Nov. 1881, and granted to George Pitt as a Communica-
tion from the Fabric Ornamenting and Manufacturing Company of New York, it
is necessary, first to coat the surface of the material to be ornamented with an
adhesive medium or size, then to distribute masses or heaps of powdered colours
or pigments thereon, then to blend or more or less intermingle such masses or heaps,
and finally to subject the surface thus prepared to pressure.
Now my invention relates first to certain improvements in the preparation of
the materials to be used in the said process; secondly, to a method of decorating or
ornamenting glass and metals according to such process, and thirdly, to apparatus
to be used in combination with the said process.
First. As regards the adhesive medium, or size, which prefer to use for coating
the surface of the material to be treated. This consists of two parts, by measure,
of white lead or zinc white, two parts, by measure of heavy linseed varnish, and
one part, by measure, of thick copal varnish intimately incorporated by grinding. To
make different coloured sizes, I add various well ground colours to the above
compound, as desired. This formula, however, is not an arbitrary one, as the colours
may be made to adhere by various other viscid substances, such as gum arabic, glue,
starch, or ordinary flour paste.
My next improvement in the succeeding stage in the operation relating to the
deposition of the dry colours on the adhesive surface has reference to the
manufacture of these colours.
These dry colours I prepare with a base consisting of 3 parts, by weight, of
starch, and 1 part, by weight, of talc, with a suitable quantity of water, to which
mixture may be added solutions of aniline colours, or such other colours as may be
required to produce different shades of colours, substantially as described in the
Specification of the Patent herein before referred to. The combination of the
starch and the talc is of great importance, as the starch absorbs the colour, and the
talc acts as a lubricant to make the colours slip or fall easily through the hoppers.
The colours having been prepared as above described, are placed in a hopper, or
hoppers, or in any other suitable receptacle, or receptacles, which are by preference
constructed to operate in the manner described in the Specification of the Patent
herein before referred to, wherein any suitable mechanical device may be employed
to stir the colours, and to cause them to fall on to and over an intermediate apron
or shelf, adjustable at various angles, to which a to and fro or oscillating or
intermittent motion is imparted by any suitable mechanical means, and by means
of which motion the dry colours dropped on the material are caused to slide off in
large or small spots on to the prepared surface, as the same passes beneath the
hopper or hoppers. After the colours have been dropped or deposited on the
prepared surface, the material is then (by the action of the machine) caused to pass
under oscillating or vibrating brushes which are, by preference, small camel's hair
brushes placed in a row or rows, as desired. These brushes impart a touch, which

page_text: breaks up the masses or heaps of colours and blends them, thereby causing a mottled
effect to be produced on the material.
Another improvement relates to apparatus for cleaning and removing surplus
colour, or colours, from the material under treatment.
After the dry colours have been dropped on to the prepared surface, and are
mingled or blended thereon, by suitable mechanical means such as described, a
surplus quantity of the colours is left on the surface of the material, which it is
necessary to remove, in order to produce good effects, and cleanness of surface.
To attain these objects I cause the material to pass under a series of rapidly
revolving thin bristle brushes, or brushes made of fur, preferably of beaver fur;
these brushes disturb or pick up the surplus dry colours that have not adhered, and
by their rapid action agitate the air in an enclosed funnel-shaped box, which is
placed over the brushes. A suction blower, or fan, is combined with this funnel-
shaped box, and the superfluous and agitated colours are drawn off. rapidly by a
current of air produced by this blower, and thus the decorated material issues from
the machine in a clean condition, with all the surplus colours removed. These
surplus colours or dust as sucked up, or drawn off, may be deposited in a box, or
other receptacle, and if required, may be further treated to fit them for use
again, either for use as a distinct colour or for manufacturing into or blending with
other colours, as desired.
My invention further relates to the treatment of glass, to render the same fit for
being decorated or ornamented according to my process.
The glass must first be made perfectly clean, especially as regards the removal
of greasy substances. It is then coated with an adhesive medium or size, made of
two parts, by measure, of thick copal varnish, and one part, by measure, of thick
linseed oil. The size may be applied by a roller, or rollers, or if necessary by a
brush. After the glass is coated with the size, the colours may be applied by hand
from a number of dredgers, or the glass may be run through the combined machine,
and in so doing receive the dry powdered colours in small masses or heaps, which
masses or heaps are then blended or mottled and subjected to the action of brushes
for the purpose of incorporating the colours with the size and for removing any
superfluous colours, after which operation it will present a variegated or a mottled
surface. In order to fix the colours and size more firmly on the glass, the glass so
decorated may be then placed in an oven or retort, and dried slowly at a temperature
at about 150°. Fah. When the combined colours and size are dry, the glass may
receive a thin coat of copal varnish, this last or finishing coat may then be dried,
and the colours, varnish, and size will be found to adhere firmly and resist the
action of moisture, or deleterious gases in the atmosphere. It is not however
absolutely necessary to finish off with a coat of varnish. Great permanency may
be secured by placing a sheet of transparent glass over the decorated surface.
Different transparent colours may be mixed with the size or adhesive material,
and an infinite variety of results may thus be produced at the will of the
operator.
My Invention further relates to the treatment of metallic surfaces. I proceed
to describe the process of treating tin plates in order to decorate or ornament the
same by my process.
The plate to be decorated must first be scarified either by using finely ground
pumice stone, or fine sand paper, or the surface may be scratched over with minute
scratches by suitable machinery, or it may be chemically treated. The object of
scarifying the surface of the plate, either by mechanical or chemical action is to
enable the size or adhesive substance to more firmly adhere to the surface thereof.
It is necessary to do this in order that if it be required to cut up or to press into
dies the decorated metallic plate, the colours shall not peel off or chip away. The
plates after being scarified and decorated or ornamented are dried by heat and
varnished if necessary.
The application of the size and colours is exactly the same as for the decoration
of glass just above described.

page_text: And in order that my invention may be more fully understood I proceed to
describe the same with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which,
.
Figure 1, is a side elevation of an apparatus for removing surplus colour or
colours, and which apparatus may be combined with the apparatus described in.
the Patent previously referred to, or may be constructed in a piece therewith, if
desired.
Figure 2, is a plan of same with the funnel-shaped chamber removed.
Figure 3 represents a portion only of the opposite side of the said apparatus
for the purpose of shewing the gearing by means of which the cleaning brushes
are driven.
The material having been covered with the colours passes, by means of a
revolving apron a, under rapidly revolving brushes b, b₁, b₁, mounted in bearings
in the framework Z, of the apparatus, and over which brushes is an enclosed and
inverted funnel-shaped chamber A. These brushes tend to incorporate the colours
with the size and remove surplus colours therefrom, and to produce cleanness of
surface. The brush b is a fur brush, by preference beaver fur, and the brushes b¹, b¹,
are composed of bristles set in rows in their stocks as shewn in plan fig. 2. These
brushes disturb or pick up the surplus dry colours that have not adhered to the
material and by their rapid action agitate the air in the funnel-shaped chamber
which, as before stated, is placed over the brushes. The superfluous colours are thus
drawn or impelled upwards through the pipe a', by the current of air produced by
the overhead blower B, and are deposited in a box, or other receptacle, C, from
which may be taken and used again as a distinct colour, or manufactured into or
blended with other colours, as desired.
The receptacle or box C is provided with a diaphragm c, for preventing the
escape of the colours, and this diaphragm is composed of a fine mesh fabric, or of
fine wire gauze. d is an outlet at the upper end of the receptacle or box for the
exit of the air, and e is a flap or door, by means of which the colours may be
collected from the interior of the said receptacle or box.
The paper, or other material is prevented from being sucked or drawn upwards
by the wires f (fig. 2), which are arranged at a sufficient distance above the apron as.
to allow the material to pass freely between them and the apron.
This apron,
which is stretched over rollers g², g³, is caused to revolve by means of a chain or
cord g, passing over and from a chain wheel, on the main driving shaft, (not shewn
in the drawings) to a chain wheel gl, on the axis of the roller 92.
, D, is a delivery board mounted on springs x; secured to the framework Z of the
machine.
Having now described the nature of my invention and in what manner the same
may be performed, I declare that I claim,
First. The adhesive medium or size, consisting of white lead or zinc white, heavy
linseed oil and copal varnish, in substantially the proportions specified, to which is
added a well ground colour or colours.
Second. The herein described process of preparing colours for ornamenting or
decorating fabrics or materials, the same consisting in forming a pasty mixture of
pulverized starch, powdered tale, water, and acid, in substantially the proportions
specified, adding thereto solutions of aniline colours, or other suitable colours, to
produce the tint required, thoroughly stirring the same, then drying by heat, and
finally sifting or pulverizing the compound, as set forth.
Third. The herein descrit.ed process of ornamenting or decorating the surface of
glass, the same consisting first, in cleaning the surface to remove grease, and other
substances therefrom; second, in coating the surface with an adhesive medium
composed of the ingredients herein specified, and substantially in the proportions
set forth; third, in applying the colours to such prepared surface, and subjecting
them to the action of brushes for the purpose of incorporating such colours with the
sized surface, and for removing surplus colours; fourth, in drying the same slowly
at a suitable temperature and finally, in varnishing the surface so decorated or
ornamented, or applying thereto a sheet of transparent.glass.

page_text: Fourth. The herein described process of ornamenting or decorating metallic
surfaces, the same consisting first, in scarifying the surface thereof to render it fit to
retain the adhesive medium and the powdered colours; second, in the application
of the powdered colours thereon; third, in drying the ornamented or decorated
surface by heat, and lastly, if desired, varnishing the decorated surface.
Fifth. The apparatus herein described, for removing surplus colours from the
material under treatment, having its parts arranged, combined and operating
substantially as set forth.
Sixth. The combination, as described and shewn, of the enclosed chamber, the
revolving brushes therein, and the endless apron, with a suction blower or fan, all
the parts being arranged to operate as and for the purposes set forth.
Seventh. In combination with the enclosed chamber its cleaning brushes, endless
apron, and suction fan or blower, the receptacle or box C, constructed as herein
describe and shewn, and for the purposes set forth.
In witness whereof I the said William Henry Reynell Toye have hereunto
set my hand and seal this Seventh day of March in the year 1883.
WILLIAM HENRY REYNELL TOYE (L.S.)