IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH POWER HAMMERS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Patterson, of Inverness Terrace, London, W., for an
Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH POWER HAMMERS,
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Patterson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th May 1881.
"
JOHN PATTERSON, of Inverness Terrace, London, W. IMPROVEMENTS IN AND
CONNECTED WITH POWER HAMMERS, THE INVENTION BEING ALSO APPLicable to
VEHICLES."
My Invention relates to the springs and flexible connections employed between
the driving shaft and the heads of power hammers employed for forging, beetling,
stamping, pulping, and for like purposes, all of said purposes being essentially
described by and contained within the word hammering, the Invention being also
applicable to vehicles as regards hammers. My Invention consists in the com-
bination with hammer mechanism of springs and flexible connections arranged and
operated, substantially as hereinafter described. The hammers heretofore employed,
as described in the British Specifications of Alfred Vincent Newton, No. 872, dated
24 March 1866; John Patterson, No. 16, dated 4th January 1871; No. 527, dated
27th February 1871; No. 3485, dated 10th October 1874; and No. 587, dated 12th
February 1876, have all been constructed with quarter or semi circular springs
made or built up from one or more pieces or plates of metal, and have been
attached to the end of the connecting rods. All these springs when in use are
alternately under tension and compression, and the result has been that it is only
by the use of the best materials and with the greatest care that springs so manu-
factured can be made to stand for any lengthened period, while the delay
necessitated for repairing a single broken plate, and the expense and weight of
duplicate springs has prevented in some measure the extensive use of the hammers
therein described becoming general in mountainous or inaccessible parts of the
country. By the use of my Invention the liability of fracture is reduced to a
minimum, and owing to the simple arrangement of parts and the lightness of weight
of the springs themselves repairs may be readily made and duplicate springs kept

page_text: in stock at a nominal cost. In carrying out my present Invention I dispense with
the quarter or semi circular springs, and substitute therefor a rigid metallic arc, the
termination of said are being forked and hooked outwards, so as to receive the
trunnions of two shells or cases, which contain spiral, volute, or other springs,
which rest on the buttom of the said cases or shells and act on the hammer through
the flexible connections, their action being governed by means of the slide pieces
and nuts for the purpose of tightening the springs and increasing their force, the
nuts being held in position by means of pins or check nuts. The flexible con-
nections are pivotted beneath the centre of the arc on a pin from which the
hammer is suspended, or when hammering textile or other materials, where oil or
grease is objectional, I substitute for the said pin and forked connection bands of
leather or other suitable material, which are rivetted or otherwise secured to the
connections, said bands passing through a hole in the hammer head.
The trunnions ride freely in preferably gun metal bushings at the end of the
forked levers, while the object of the slide plates is to keep dust and dirt from the
springs, and to keep the centre line of the flexible connection parallel to the
interior faces of the shell, and thus give a parallel thrust upon the springs.
Although said springs are always under compression, their absolute play is
small, as a ten inch blow of the hammer head, for example, only represents an
upward or downward movement from the central line of the pin, of five inches,
which in an ordinary way means the compression of each spring, of an inch.
The same arrangement of springs and flexible connections may be used for railway
carriages or other vehicles; in this case the rigid metallic arc is secured to the
framework supporting the vehicle, while for the hammer head the axle and wheel
are substituted,

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Patterson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 5th November
1881.
"
JOHN PATTERSON, of Inverness Terrace, London, W. IMPROVEMENTS IN AND
CONNECTED WITH POWER HAMMERS, THE INVENTION BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO
VEHICLES."
My Invention relates to the springs and flexible connectious employed between
the driving shaft and the heads of power hammers employed for forging, beetling,
stamping, pulping, and for like purposes, all said purposes being essentially
described by and contained within the word hammering, the Invention being also
applicable to vehicles. My Invention, as regards hammers, consists in the com-
bination with hammer mechanism of springs and flexible connections arranged and
operated, substantially as hereinafter described. The hammers heretofore employed,
as described in the British Specifications of Alfred Vincent Newton, No. 872, dated
24th March 1866; John Patterson, No. 10, dated 4th January 1871; No. 527, dated
27th February 1871; No. 3485, dated 10th October 1874; and No. 587, dated 12th
February 1876, have all been constructed with quarter or semi circular springs
made or built up from one or more pieces or plates of metal, and have been
attached to the ends of the connecting rods. All these springs when in use are
alternately under tension and compression, and the result has been that it is only
by the use of the best inaterials and with the greatest care that springs so manu-
factured can be made to stand for any lengthened period, while the delay
necessitated for repairing a single broken plate, and the expense and weight of
duplicate springs has prevented in some measure the extensive use of the hammers
therein described becoming general in mountainous or inaccessible parts of the
country. By the use of my present Invention the liability of a fracture is reduced
to a minimum, and owing to the simple arrangement of parts and the lightness of
weight of the springs themselves repairs may be readily made and duplicate
springs kept in stock at a nominal cost. To better and more clearly describe the
nature of my Invention, reference is had to the annexed Drawings, in which
similar letters of reference are used to designate like parts in the various Figures.
Figure 1 represents a front elevation partially in section of a spring and flexible
connection. Fig. 2 represents a plan of Fig. 1, and is also shown partially, in
section.
Fig. 3 represents an end elevation of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 represents the springs and
flexible connections as applied to a forging hammer. Fig. 5 represents an end
elevation of Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 represents the springs and flexible connections as applied to an ore
stamper.
Fig. 7 represents a front elevation of Fig. 6. Fig. 8 represents the springs as
applied to a railway carriage. In carrying out my present Invention I dispense
with the quarter or semi circular spring, and substitute therefor a rigid metallic
arc A, the terminations of said are being forked and hooked outwards, as shown
at a, a, so as to receive the trunnions b, b, of the two shells or cases B, B, which
contain the spiral, volute, or other springs C, C, which rest on the bottom of the
said cases or shells, and act on the hammer through the flexible connections D, D,
their action being governed by means of the slide pieces d, d, and nuts E, E, for
the purpose of tightening the springs and increasing their force, the nuts being
The flexible connections are
held in position by means of pins e, e, or check nuts.
pivoted beneath the centre of the arc on the pin F from which the hammer is
suspended, or when hammering textile or other materials where oil or grease is

page_text: objectionable, I substitute for the pin F and forked connection bands of leather or
other suitable material, which are rivetted or otherwise secured to the con-
nections D, D, at the points x, x, said bands passing through a hole in the hammer
head. The trunnions b, b, ride freely in the preferably gun metal bushings g, g,
while the object of the plates d, d, is to keep dust and dirt from the springs C, C,
and to keep the centre line of the flexible connections parallel to the interior faces
of the shell, and thus give a parallel thrust upon the springs. Although said
springs are always under compression, their absolute play is small, as a ten inch
blow of the hammer head, for example, only represents an upward or downward
movement from the centre line of the pin F of five inches, which in an ordinary
way means the compression of each spring 3/15 of an inch. The same arrangement
of springs and flexible connections may be used for railway carriages or other
vehicles, as shown in Fig. 8, in which case the rigid metallic arc A is secured to
the framework supporting the vehicle, while for the hammer head the axle F and
wheel are substituted.
18
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, what I claim and desire to
secure by Letters Patent is,-
1st. The improvements in power hammers herein-before described, consisting of
the combination of a rigid are or arm, springs, and flexible connections, for the
purpose substantially set forth.
2nd. The improvement in power hammers herein before described, consisting of
the combination with the hammer head and flexible connections of springs
operating upon said connections, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
3rd. The improvement in power hammers herein before described, consisting of
the combination with the driving crank of a rigid are or arm supporting or
carrying trunnions, springs, and flexible connections, all as and for the purposes
set forth.
4th. The improvement in power hammers hereinbefore described, which consists
in connecting the driving crank to the hammer head by and through a rigid arc
or arm, springs, and flexible connections, substantially as and for the purposes set
forth.
5th. The application to vehicles of the rigid are, flexible connections, and springs,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Patterson, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Fifth day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by
the said John Patterson, in
the presence of
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
14, Southampton Bldgs.,
London.
JOHN PATTERSON. (L.S.)