IMPROVEMENTS IN GALVANIZING AND METAL COATING APPARATUS
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Lysaght, of St Vincent's Corrugated Iron Works,
Bristol, for the Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN GALVANIZING AND METAL
COATING APPARATUS”
caled the 10th July 1877, and dated the 24th January 1877
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Lysaght at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th January 1877
JOHN LYSAGHT, of St Vuicent's Corrugated Iron Works, Bustol.
MENTS IN GALVANIZING AND METAL COATING APPARATUS
The improvements relate,-
"
IMPROVE-
Fust To the construction of the pots, whereby several important advantages are
obtained, and by which great economy in fuel is effected with, at the same time, a
more equal distribution of heat towards maintaining the desired temperature
of the galvanizing or coating metal
Second To the arrangement of the rollois in the pots, together with the necessary
suspensory bearings, as well as the gearing for diving the rolls and guides for
direction of the sheets from one set of 10lls to the other
I construct the pots with a flue passing from one end of the pot to the other,
either round like the flue in a Cornish boiler, square or shaped like the letter U,
eliptical or any other form best adapted to the size or shape of the pot
I also form the pots with two flues, one perpendicularly over the other in the
centre of the pot, the top flue like the letter U upright, and the lower one similar to
the letter U reversed
I also place at the bottom of the pot, troughs, one on each side of the lower flue,
made to it exactly the two spaces between the sides of the pot and the flue, and
resting on the bottom of the pot, the depth of these troughs may be from nine inches
to twelve inches, according to the size of the pots On each end, at the top edge of
each trough, a handle or eye is to be fixed for the purpose of lifting it from the pot
when full of metal. The object for which these troughs are designed is to more
easily and effectually collect the hard spelter which is continually forming in
galvanizing pots, so that it may be lifted in a body from time to time as it
accumulates, and the troughs then replaced They may be perforated at the
bottom or not, according to circumstances.

page_text: I also form the bottom flue into a fire-place the fine-bais I place a little below
the level of the top of the dross or hard spelter trough above mentioned The hic-
bars are fixed in a frame independent of the sides of the flue, so that the whole
apparatus for firing can be reinoved bodily The fine after traversing the length of
the lower flue is divided light and left across the end of the pot, passes then along
the whole length of each side, and returns back through the top flue in the centre
of the pot, and so on to the sinoke stack
To
I employ two pairs of rolls to work beneath, or partially, the surface of the metal,
placed a few inches from each side of the pot longitudinally, and either fixed at an
angle, or one pan vertical, the other horizontal, or both horizontal, both rolls of
same diameter, and diven by gearing in the manner herein-after described
hold these rolls in their required positions, I use bearings consisting of wrought-
on shear-shaped forceps, having then lower ends tuined partially 1ound to fit the
necks of the rolls, the joint of the forceps forms a pivot to act for the double purpose
of fixing the bearings on the angle non rests, which cross the pot from side to side,
and also to enable the forceps to be opened or closed by means of a screwed bolt
placed through their upper ends They may be placed in a segmental chair to permit
the handle of rolls to be altered if necessary
I drive both set of rolls from one diving wheel, with a counter shaft on each
side, whose centre shall be the centre of the top roll in the pot geared with suitable
spur wheels I use two small steel toothed wheels side by side on each of the two top
rolls in the pot placed an inch or more apart on the necks of the rolls These
wheels are fitted on so as to be easily replaced when woin There are to be suitable
pinions on the ends of the counter shafts to dive these steel wheels of sufficient
width to embrace both on the neck of each roll. The diving wheel will cause
each counter shaft to 1evolve in opposite duections, and will then drive each set of
rolls in contiary directions, so that a sheet being placed between one set of rolls
ievolving inwards, will diaw it in, and carry it down into the metal, and being
properly dnected will pass up through the other set of rolls, which, revolving
outwards, will cause the sheet to ascend out of the metal I use a guide from one
1oll to another to cause a sheet when touching to be conducted from one set of 10lls
to the other
The guides are made from half round, round, or cliptical bar iron The guide at
one side is bolted to the top plate of the pot, it then bends downwards into the
metal, almost touching the roll revolving inwaids, from thence it describes a half
cncle, descending into the pot as deep as possible, but in galvanizing pots inust not
go below the level of the dioss or haid spelter The guide then ascends till it is
brought in contact with the roll revolving outwards, and is cranked under it to sc
out of the pot, and is fastened to the top plate as at the other end
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the sud John Lysaght in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 21th July
1877
JOHN LYSAGHT, of St Vincent's Corrugated Iron Works, Bristol "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN GALVANIZING AND METAL COATING APPARATUS"
This Invention has for its object improvements in galvanizing and metal coating
apparatus
In order to obtain a more uniform heat throughout the contents of the coating
pot, to economise fuel, and also to reduce the extent of the surface of metal or flux
exposed to the air, I form a flue through the pot at such a level that it is for the
most part immersed in the melted metal, but it ses above it so as to exclude the
metal from a space in the middle of the pot, where the obstruction does not
interfere with the passage through the pot of the metal sheets or plates to be
operated upon.

page_text: I also form in the bottom of the pot a channel in which is arranged the furnace
for heating the pot, and in connection with this furnace there are flues passing
along the sides of the pot and communication with the flue through the body of
the pot, to which reference has already been made Within the pot, on either
side of the channel containing the furnace, I arrange receptacles into which falls
the hard spelter or deposit from the coating metal, and those receptacles are taken
out and emptied from time to time The portion of the pot in which the receptacles
are contained is not exposed to the duect heat of the file
The sheets or plates of metal to be coated or ticated are introduced into the pot
between 1ollers, which nie duiven by a train of wheelwork, these rollers nip the
edge of the sheet or plate when it is presented to them, and they cally it down
into the coating metal Within the pot there are guides which diect the plate
beneath the flue in the body of the pot to other rollers, which are also driven by
wheelwork, and are imineised more or less in the melted metal, and these rollers
catch the sheet or plate and raise it again out of the metal In order that the
1ollers may be easily adjustable to nip the sheet or plate with a sufficient but not
excessive pressure, I mount the necks of the rollers on either side in bearings
fouined at the lower ends of a pan of forcep aims, which are jointed together in the
middle, and to the upper ends of the forcep aims I apply a screw and nut, or it
may be a sping or other appliance, by which they are drawn together, and the
bearings of the rollers are thus set as near together as may be found requisite to suit
the thickness of the sheets or plates
In order that my said Invention may be most fully understood and readily
Led into offert I will named
danamsha the
Figure 1 is a vertical section, and Figure 2 is a plan of a galvanizing pot and
apparatus arranged according to my Invention
Figure 3 shows, to a smaller scale, a section of a pot similar to Figure 1, with the
receptacles for haid spelter or deposit in then places, this Figure also shows the
fire-grate in its place
Figure 4 is a section of the pot taken on the line 1, 1, în Figure 3
In these Figures a, a, is the channel in the bottom of the pot in which the
furnace for heating the pot is formed The furnace communicates with a flue at the
back of the pot, which opens into the side flues b, b, seen in Figure 1 The side flues
lead into a fiont flue, into which the flue c traversing the body of the pot opens.
From the rear end of the flue c there is a duect connection with the chimney
The fluê c, as will be seen, is formed as part of the pot of sheet iron, except the top
of the flue, which may conveniently be of fine-tile In Figures 1 and 2, d, d, are
the rollers between which the sheets or plates to be galvanized are passed down
into the melted metal contained in the pot The rollers are geared together by
pinions d', d, and they can be set to the proper distance apart by screws e, which
operate through springs upon the bearings of one of the rollers The other roller of
the pair has upon its axis the spur wheel f, which gears with a similar wheel upon
the axis g
This axis is duiven by a belt passing around a pulley upon it, which
pulley can be made fast to its axis by a clutch, as the Diawing clearly shows.
There is also on the axis another belt pulloy receiving a crossed strap, and this
pulley can be clutched to the axis when at any time it may be desued to reverse
the motion of the rollers h, h, are guides made of sound iron to lead the sheets
or plates beneath the flue c, and so to the withdrawing rollers 2, 2
These rollers may be solid metal rolleis, but, as represented in the Diawing, they
are hollow, and are perforated with holes, so that the melted metal may flow freely
to and from the interior The necks or axes of the rollers 2, 2, are held in bearings
formed for them in the ends of the forcep arms h, h, which are connected together
by joint pins at 1, 1, and the same pins enter recesses in the arms l, l, by which
the forceps are sustained. m, m, ale screws and nuts by which the upper end of

page_text: the forcep arms can be drawn together to give the requisite pressure at the nip of
the rollers n, n, are bolts passing through one of the forcep arms of each pair,
There are several holes in each of
and securing it to a fixed bracket or cheek o
the cheeks o, and by selecting one or other of these holes, the position and inclina-
tion of the rollers 2, i, can be vaned. The rollers 2, 2, with the forcep arms k, k, and
some of the parts in connection therewith, are shown separately to a large scale at
Figures 5 and 6 The rollers 2, 2, are geared together by pinions 2, 2¹, and upon the
axis of one of the rollers there is also a spur wheel 22 in gear with a wheel p The
wheel is on the same axis with another wheel q, and this takes into and is driven
by the wheel upon the axis g The receptacles for the hard spelter or deposit are
omitted in Figure 1, they are seen in Figure 3, where they are marked r, r
It will be observed that the portions of the pot in which the receptacles r, ?, ale
lodged are below the level of the fire-grate, and are not exposed to the direct
heat of the fire Sometimes in metal pots, for tinning or coating sheets and plates,
it is desirable that the entering rollers d, d, should be immersed or partially im-
mersed in the inolten metal in such cases I support them by forcep arms in the
manner already described in respect to the rolleis i, i The pots which I have
described, and the apparatus shown in connection therewith, are intended especially
to contain molten metal, but my Invention is also applicable to the pots for
containing grease or flux used in the manufacture of sheets and plates coated with
tin and terne metal
Figure 7 is a vertical section, and Figuie 15 a plan of a pot provided in
accordance with my Invention with a tiansverse fluc c, but it is without the
channel a in the bottom, it is intended that a fire-place should be built for it in
brickwork, as is usual
Having thus described 'the nature of my said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I claim,-
Fust The use in the manufacture of galvanized and coated metal, of pots with a
flue passing across the pot at such a level as to be for tho most part immersed in
the metal or fluid contents of the pot, but to 1150 above the same, so as to reduce
the area of the exposed surface, substantially as descubed
Second The use in the manufacture of galvanized and coated metal, of pots with a
channel in the bottom, within which the furnace is constructed, and with flues around
the sides, and a return flue passing across the body of the pot, substantially as
described
Third The use in the manufacture of galvanised and coated metal, of rollers
mounted in forcep bearings, substantially as descubed
Fourth The use in the manufacture of galvanized and coated metal, of pots
containing within them moveable receptacles for hand spelter or other deposit, and
BO constructed and arranged that the lowest parts of the pot, where the receptacles
are placed, may not be exposed to the direct heat of the fire, substantially as
desciibed
Fifth The use in the manufacture of galvanized and coated metal, of apparatus
substantially as described and illustrated by the annexed Drawings
In witness whereof, I, the said John Lysaght, have hereunto set my hand
and scal, this Sixteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-seven