CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO CARDING ENGINES AND OTHER MACHINES FOR PREPARING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Pooley, of the City of Manchester, Cotton
Spinner, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE
TO CARDING ENGINES AND OTHER MACHINES FOR PREPARING COTTON AND OTHER
FIBROUS MATERIALS."
Sealed the 8th April 1859, and dated the 28th October 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Pooley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition. on the
28th October 1858.
I, CHARLES POOLEY, of the City of Manchester, Cotton Spinner, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN AND
APPLICABLE TO CARDING ENGINES AND OTHER MACHINES FOR PREPARING COTTON AND
OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates, first, to those carding engines in which workers and
clearing rollers are employed, and it consists in an improved mode of making
and applying covers to the bearings of such rollers, these covers being
attached to the main cover of the rollers.
The second part of my Invention consists in fixing rods above the line
of carding engines, and in suspending hooks to the said rods for holding
the covers of the workers and clearers.
up
The third part of my Invention relates to the drawing rollers of carding
engines and drawing frames, and it consists in applying to the top rollers of
Pine Rd7

page_text: such machines revolving clearers, furnished with a weighted band to
impart friction.
It
The last part of my Invention consists of a machine for unwinding the last
layer of rovings from the bobbins or spools of roving or slubbing frames.
has hitherto been customary to remove the last layer by cutting or unwinding
by hand, the former method injures the bobbin or spool, and the latter
causes a waste of time. By placing the bobbin or spool from which the
layer of rovings is to be unwound between two rollers which are nearly in
contact, and which are made to revolve rapidly, the roving is unwound.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles Pooley in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 26th April 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
POOLEY, of the City of Manchester, Cotton Spinner, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Charles Pooley, Her special licence that I, the said Charles Pooley,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Charles Pooley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE.
MENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO CARDING ENGINES AND OTHER MACHINES FOR PREPARING
COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Charles Pooley, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Pooley, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention; and in what manner the same is to be per-

page_text: formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say):-
My Invention relates, first, to those carding engines in which workers
and clearing rullers are employed, and it consists in an iniproved mode of
making and applying covers to the bearings of such rollers, these covers
being attached to the main cover of the rollers.
The second part of my Invention consists in fixing rods above the line
of carding engines, and in suspending hooks to the said rods for holding
up the covers of the workers and clearers.
The third part of my Invention relates to the drawing rollers of carding
engines, drawing frames, and other machines used in preparing cotton and
other fibrous materials, and it consists in applying to the top rollers of such
machines revolving clearers furnished with a friction apparatus to retard
their rotary motion.
The last part of my Invention consists of a machine for unwinding the
last layers of rovings from the bobbins or spools of roving or slúbbing frames.
It has hitherto been customary to remove this last layer by cutting or unwind-
ing by hand, the former method injures the bobbin or spool, and the latter
causes a waste of time. By placing the bobbin or spool from which the
layer of rovings is to be unwound between two rollers which are nearly in
contact, and which are made to revolve rapidly, the roving is unwound.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried into operation, I will proceed to describe the accompanying Sheet of
Drawings, reference being had to the figures and letters marked thereon.
Fig. 1 is an elevation of a carding engine of the ordinary construction, to
which the first and second parts of my improvements are applied. a is the
main cylinder; b, b, the workers and clearing rollers revolving in the bearings
c, c; and d, d, are the main covers of the rollers which are made in the usual
manner. To the main covers d, d, are fixed the covers e, e, shewn in section
on an enlarged scale in Fig. 2, the covers e, e, are made by preference of sheet
iron, but any other suitable metal or material may be employed, and fit over
the bearings c,c, thereby excluding to a great extent the dust and flyings from
the journals of the workers and clearing rollers. As the covers e, e, are
attached to the main covers d, d, it is evident that when the latter are raised
up, as shewn by the dotted lines in Fig. 1, the workers and clearing rollers
are at liberty to be taken out of their bearings. The covers d, d, are held up
by the hooks,f, suspended to the rods g, g, which are fixed to the ceiling,
and extend above the whole line of carding engines; the hooks fif, are loose

page_text: on the rods g, g, and can be moved from one carding engine to another; by
this means the ordinary hooks applied to each carding engine are dispensed
with.
Fig. 3 is a section through the drawing rollers of a drawing frame, to which
my improved revolving clearers are applied; and Fig. 4 is a front elevation of
the same. h, h, are the fluted rollers; i, i, the top rollers; j,j, the under
clearers, which are made in the usual manner; and k,k, the improved revolving
top clearers. I prefer to make these clearers of wood covered with fanuel,
and the requisite friction is applied to them to retard their rotary motion by
the cords 1,, attached to the under clearers j, j, and weights m, m. The
clearers k, k, are turned round by the friction of the top rollers i, i, but at a
slower speed, being retarded by the friction of the bands 1,1; consequently the
flyings or loose fibres are caught by the flannel on the rotary clearers, and
accumulate evenly thereon; whereas, in the flat clearers of the usual con-
struction the flyings collect in lumps, which interfere with the effective
action of the clearers. These improved rotary clearers are applicable to all
machines used in preparing cotton and other fibrous materials, in which
drawing rollers are employed, and the friction may be imparted by clastic
spring bands or other means.
Fig. 5 is a transverse section of a machine for unwinding the last layer or
layers of rovings from the bobbins or spools of roving or slubbing frames;
Fig. 6 is a front elevation of the same. n, n, are a pair of horizontal rollers
of about three feet or more or less in length, and above them are placed the
spools or bobbins o, from which the rovings are to be unwound; p is a
receptacle, into which the spools or bobbins are placed as they are taken from
the spinning frames, and 9 is a box for the rovings to drop into. The mode of
operation is as follows:-The attendant in placing the spools or bobbins on
the rollers n, n, allows the end of the roving to enter between them, and as
these rollers revolve rapidly in opposite directions, they unwind the rovings
and deposit them in the box q. As soon as the roving is unwound from a
spool or bobbin, it is dropped through the spout into the receptacles, and
another spool or bobbin is put in its place on the rollers n, n, which are
furnished with clearers at t, t, to prevent lapping. By this means the last
layer of rovings is unwound rapidly from bobbins or spools, thereby avoiding
the injury which is occasioned by cutting, and the time lost in unwinding by
hand.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, and described the manner
of performing the same, I declare that I claim as of my Invention —

page_text: First, the improved mode of making and applying covers for the journals
of workers and clearing rollers of carding engines, as shewn and described
in reference to Figs. 1 and 2.
Secondly, the application of rods, extending over a row of carding engines,
to which hooks are suspended for holding up the covers of the workers and
clearing rollers, as shewn and described in reference to Fig. 1.
Thirdly, the application of friction to revolving clearers, for the purpose
of retarding their motion, and causing them to take up the flyings from
the top rollers, as shewn and described in reference to Figs. 3 and 4.
And, lastly, the machine shewn in Figs. 5 and 6 or any modification of
machinery for unwinding the last layer or layers of rovings or slubbings
from bobbins or spools, for the purpose of economising labour, and pre-
venting injury to the bobbins or spools.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Pooley, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
Witness,
H. B. BARLOW,
Manchester.
CHA POOLEY. (L.S.)