matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
A SAPETY BELT OR APPARATUS FOR USE IN TRAVELLING TO PREVENT INJURIES FROM CONCUSSIONS OR OTHERWISE
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Fox at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th September
1866.
I, CHARLES FOX, of Clifton, in the City and County of Bristol, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A SAPETY BELT OR
APPARATUS FOR USE IN TRAVELLING TO PREVENT INJURIES FROM CONCUSSIONS OR
OTHERWISE," to be as follows:-
Many of the injuries resulting from railway accidents arise from concussions,
the passengers being thrown violently against each other or against parts of
the carriage. Again, many of the injuries met with in travelling in common
road vehicles are caused by persous being thrown out of the vehicles, or against
part thereof, or against each other. Now the object of my safety belt or
apparatus is to obviate such injuries.
My belt or apparatus is constructed as follows:-I take a belt or strap (by
preference of elastic material) two or three inches wide, more or less, and strong
enough to resist the momentum of a very heavy person. This belt or strap is
provided with a clasp, buckle, or other fastening, and is carried in front over a
pad or shield of convenient size and shape (say oval, 6 inches high, and 10 inches
long). This pad or shield may be made of millboard or other suitable material
stuffed on the inner side to give additional protection, and stiffened by strips of

page_text: whalebone or other material. From the middle of the back of the belt or
strap I carry a band (by preference elastic) over a roller let in flush with the
back of the seat about on a level with the waist of the wearer, and I lead the
end of this band to a pin or catch below, so that the wearer may have, if
desired, say 12 or 15 inches loose, and so that he may tighten and fasten the
band when required by drawing it down over the roller. To afford means
of adjusting the apparatus to suit persons of different height the roller may be
fitted in a rack of, say, five inches high, in which it can be moved up or down
as required; or instead of a roller and rack several pins or small rods for the
band to pass over may be sunk in the back of the seat at, say, an inch apart.
When a rack is employed it may be hinged at the top of one side and held at
the bottom of this side by a spring, and the pin on which the roller turns may
be made square at the ends, so that it may be easily placed and held at the
required height in the rack. The belt or strap is made adjustable in any con-
venient manner to fit persons of different widths of waist. In dogcarts, gigs,
open, four-wheeled, and other carriages, no rack would be necessary in some
cases. One belt might be strapped or otherwise attached to the middle of the
back of the seat sufficiently long and strong for two persons. In close carriages
and others one belt generally for the hind and one for the front seat attached
in the middle of the seat will be employed about the average height of the
waist.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Shaw Brown at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th March
1866.
I, SAMUEL SHAW BROWN, of Runcorn, in the County of Chester, Lint
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS," to be as follows:-
Gas burners, that is to say burners at which carburetted bydrogen or like
gas can be consumed, are made according to my Invention of metal or other
suitable material, in one or more pieces, and of any désired external form.
Like all others they are hollow or have an internal passage for the gas. The
openings for the escape of the gas are the same in form as the slits or union
jets which produce the flames known as the bats'-wing and fish-tail, or they are
of such other form as shall, when taken singly, produce an expanded fat thin
flame. Two or more of these expanded flat thin flame-inducing openings
are placed in such proximity to each other that although the flames, which
have their flat sides parallel or nearly parallel to each other, are separate and
distinct close to the openings, still at a greater or lesser distance therefrom, as
may be desired, they impinge on each other and unite to form one bright
flame. By burners of this kind more light is obtained from a given quantity
gas than can be obtained from burners as ordinarily constructed and used.
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AN IMPROVED SWEEPING MACHINE OR APPARATUS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th July 1866. A communication from abroad by Alexandre Philippe
Eugène Fleurquin, of No. 15, Passage des Petites Ecuries, Paris, France,
Gentleman.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of No. 11,
Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SWEEPING MACHINE
OR APPARATUS," (a communication to me from abroad by Alexandre Philippe
Eugène Fleurquin, of No. 15, Passage des Petites Ecuries, Paris, France,
Gentleman,) to be as follows:-.
The improved sweeping machine, the subject of this Invention, has but one
wheel, and is intended to be worked by manual labour. It is formed of
brushes of between 4 and 5 inches in breadth by about 6 feet long, the
number of these brushes is regulated by the nature of the work, they are
attached beneath a sort of flat hand barrow. The shafts of this sweeping
machine are moveable so that they may be suited to the height of the person
working it.
The Invention consists particularly in the arrangement of the brushes or
other parts to be used for sweeping in combination with a single wheel so as to
constitute a sweeping machine working by manual power.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HARNESS AND SADDLERY
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Cedric Nurse at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd May 1866.
I, CEDRIC NURSE, of Crawford Street, Bryanston Square, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HARNESS AND SADDLERY," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the manufacture of
harness and saddlery, the object being to substitute in lieu of buckles & novel
fastening applicable to all parts of the harness. I propose to attach to the
various portions of harness, at the positions hitherto occupied by buckles, a
plate of metal, which is to be held between the folds of the leather by means
of stitching, sewing, or by rivets, or by both combined; this plate is concealed
from view, and only exposes a projection or stud passing through the leather,
the stud being riveted to the plate; the corresponding extremity of the band
or strap of the harness into which the usual buckle pin enters is formed with a
series of holes punched therein at suitable distances apart, and in order to
attach the two portions of the straps or bands together it is only necessary
to pass the perforated strap under a loop attached in the solid at the end of the
hidden plate, and then to pass the strap upon the projection in such position
that when one of the holes comes over the stud or projection the strap shall

page_text: be pressed down flush, so as to be held by the projection and prevented from
being withdrawn; then the extremity of the strap or tab is passed under one
or more loops and the fastening is complete; with regard to the stirrup
leathers the fastening is the same. The fastenings described present a very
neat appearance, they are more easily dealt with than buckles, and there
being no necessity for bending the leather to the extent required in buckle
fastenings the harness lasts much longer when fitted by the new fastenings,
all the parts when attached lie flat and flush together, the harness is lighter,
and altogether more durable and effective.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HARMONIUMS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Thomas Wedlake at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd April
1866.
1, HENRY THOMAS WEDLAKE, of Tolmer's Square, Hampstead Road, in the
County of Middlesex, Organ Builder and Harmonium Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF HARMONIUMS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction of certain mechanism capable of
being applied to or combined with harmoniums, and whereby great additional
power may be imparted to such instruments. A footboard is attached in the
same place as the ordinary footboard used with harmoniums, and forms the
upper portion of a bellows or blowing apparatus by which air can be forced
into the wind chest. The front edge of the footboard is hinged or pivoted to
suitable bearings, so that the same is capable of rising and falling according
to the degree of pressure which is applied to it for the purpose of actuating
the bellows or blowing apparatus. Parallel with the front edge of the foot-
board and between the same and the performer is arranged a series of pedals,
each of which is provided at the upper part thereof with a knob or button,
the pedals being so placed that while the performer works the bellows or
blowing apparatus with the front portion of his foot or feet he can actuate the

page_text: pedals by pressing upon the knobs or buttons attached thereto with his heel
or heels. The pedals upon being pressed downwards act upon levers, which
being properly centred or pivoted for the purpose open or close the valves of
the wind chest, as will be understood by persons acquainted with the con-
struction of harmoniums and organs. The like arrangement can be adopted
for the purpose of actuating the ordinary keys by connecting the pedal levers
which are placed under the instrument with vertical levers at the back portion
thereof, and causing the latter to act upon the keys. In such cases the foot-
board may be used for actuating the bellows or blowing apparatus as before
mentioned, or the air may be supplied to the wind chest in any other convenient
manner.
By means of these arrangements greater power may be imparted to the
instrument, by thus enabling the performer to employ the pedals simultaneously
with the ordinary finger keys.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING BEDSTEADS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Wright at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th October 1866.
I, JOHN WRIGHT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwickshire, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN ORNAMENTING BEDSTEADS," to be as follows:-
My Invention for improvements in ornamenting bedsteads consists in
making cylindrical coverings or casings, either wholly or in part, of glass,
which may be made of a suitable form to fit over or upon the legs and pillars
or other parts of bedsteads as may be desirable.
I do not claim the exclusive use of glass as an ornament to bedsteads, as
knobs have hitherto been used made of glass, but what I claim is, the covering
or encasing the pillars and legs with ornamental designs in glass.
A NEW OR IMPROVED PERCUSSION SPINNING Top
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Denton Abel at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th October
1866. A communication from abroad by Augustin Boulanger, of Paris,
in the Empire of France.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED PERCUSSION SPINNING
Top," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the construction of a new or improved percussion
spinning top called the "needle gun top" in which the fusee or explosive
compound is placed in an open capsule on the upper part of the top, so that
on being exploded by the peg on striking the ground, a shower of sparks
issues from the said capsule. For this purpose the peg of the top is made to
pass right through the body of the same, being free to move up and down to
a certain extent in the perforation formed in the body for this purpose; over
the top of the perforation is fixed a capsule, formed as a cylinder, with a
bridge-or-strap passing across it at top. Underneath this strap is placed the
fusée, which is held in position by a spiral or other spring inside the capsule,
the lower end of which spring may be made to press against a pin or projection
on the peg, so as to press it downwards. The upper end of the peg is formed

page_text: with points or serrations which on the peg striking the ground and being
thereby pushed up in the top come in contact with the fusee and ignite the
same by percussion. By preference a perforated plug or piston is placed
over the spring in the capsule, which piston presses the fusee against the
strap, and which may be readily depressed for inserting a new fusee. The
point of the peg may be covered with india-rubber so as to prevent it from
damaging the floors or furniture.
IMPROVEMENTS IN. SECURING DOOR HANDLES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Craig at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th May 1866.
I, JOHN CRAIG, of Finlayston, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN.
SECURING DOOR HANDLES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object the avoiding and entire prevention of door
handles coming off the lock shafts, and is arranged as follows:-A hole is bored.
completely through the axis of each handle, and the lock shaft is formed with.
a head at one end, after the manner of a bolt, or each end of the bar may be
screwed to receive a nut thereon; a recess is made in one of the handles to
allow the head or nut to pass into. After the shaft is passed through the door
or lock the second handle or that one on the opposite side of the door is put
on, and the nut for securing that handle is screwed on the bar, when the nut
is tightly screwed up the handle is pulled forward on the bar and the nut
passes into a recess accurately shaped to receive it, the angular formation of
the recess corresponding to the angles of the nut. After the handle is pulled
forward to its final position on the bar a washer, made in two halves and equal
in thickness to the distance between the inner end of the handle and door, is
put on and secured by screws or otherwise to the door, so that by the inter-
vention of this washer it is rendered impossible for the handle to slip forward
or become loose on the shaft.
AN IMPROVED CORN- RICK STAND AND WATERPROOF COVER
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Beacham Ham at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
August 1866.
I, JOHN BEACHAM HAM, of Norwich, in the County of Norfolk, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CORN-
RICK STAND AND WATERPROOF COVER," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a central boss or pillar of iron or wood, or
a combination of both, having a hole therein to receive and support a vertical
pole, which may be in one or more lengths or parts of either wood or iron,
and a series of claws or ribs (by preference of cast iron) are attached to this
boss and radiate therefrom, forming beams and bearers; also a double spur or
bracket is attached to each claw or rib which supports a circular iron rim formed
in segments bolted together; this rin has a flange projecting partly upward
and partly downward, and the spaces betwixt the ribs and the rim are filled
in with sections of cast iron, or wood covered with galvanized iron perforated.
The whole of these parts are portable and fitted together so as to enable
the stand to be readily erected or set up and taken down again for removal,
the cover is (by preference) made of tarpawling, but may be oilcloth or india-
rubber, or a combination of these, or of other waterproof materials of a
circular and conical form, having a hole in the centre with a cap or boss of
india-rubber or other elastic material attached thereto to fit closely on the
pole; the outer edge of this cover is also formed with a circular rim to

page_text: turn down on the outside of the corn, when it is placed on the stand to the
required height or in sufficient quantity, and eyelet holes are also formed in
the rim or edge of the cover through which to insert pins into the corn to
hold the cover thereon.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR PREPARING AND FLUTING PICTURE AND OTHER FRAMES AND MOULDINеs
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Gesell and Alfred Lea at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
18th May 1866.- A communication from abroad by Guilliamimus
Pohlmann and John Dalk, both of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium,
Engineers.
RICHARD GESELL and ALFRED LEA, both of Nos. 28 and 29, Great Sutton
Street, Goswell Street, Clerkenwell, Picture Frame and Moulding Manu-
facturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR PREPARING AND FLUTING PICTURE AND OTHER FRAMES
AND MOULDINеs," to be as follows:-
The frame or moulding is fixed to a board and placed on the table "A,"
the board being properly fastened the preparation is roughly applied to tho
frames and mouldings thereon, whereupon the machine, which is intended to
be patented, is passed over the moulding and frames, and thereby prepares.
and flutes the preparation and moulding by means of one or more moveable.
plates, according to the pattern required. This movement is produced during
the travelling of the machine over the frames and moulding by means of
a tonth wheel "N," which is turned by the motion of the machine, and in.
turning forces the moveable plate or plates "J" down to the frames or
mouldings, and by means of a spring "K" the plate or plates is or are force

page_text: up again, thus producing the pattern required, the size of which is varied by
the size of the tooth of the wheel "N" used. The machine is set in motion
by pushing it along the tooth rack "B," or by fixing the machine and moving
the rack under it. The pin wheel "H" works in the rack "B," thereby
communicating its motion to the tooth wheel "N." The machine may be of
any, size according to the frames or mould required, and of sufficient weight
to smooth the preparation. It is made of iron or other suitable and bard
material.
Explanation of Plan.-A, table or bench; B, tooth rack attached to table;
C, leaver attached to table for holding the board to which the mouldings are fixed;
D, adjusting frame; E, cross bar with bearing for spindle to work in and slot
hole to fix the fluting iron in; F, two small cross bars with slot holes for
regulating the frame; G, two screws with slides to hold the fluting iron in its
place; H, pin wheel with tooth wheel attached; I, the preparing plate; J,
moveable plate or plates; K, spring; L, tooth wheel attached to spindle;
M, spindle with holes to regulate and adjust small tooth wheel; N, small
tooth wheel; O, board to which the mouldings are fixed; P, mouldings.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Leetch at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th September
1866.
I, JAMES LEETCH, Gun Maker, of 19, New Church St., Paddington,
London, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," to be as
follows:-
The constructing of a new form of breech to enable a centeral-fire cartridge
containing its own ignition to be inserted at the breech end of the barrel & a
simple but effective mechanical arrangement for withdrawing the exploded
cartridge case.
I effect this in the following manner, that is to say, I leave the ordinary
gun barrel slightly thicker at the breech end, and between the breech & the
firing point I cut a slot sufficiently large to admit the cartridge; into this slot
I fit what I call a top piece, at the front end of which is placed a moveable
jointed cone to which is attached a rim forming about half a circle; into this
semicircular ring or rim the projection on the base of the cartridge falls
The top piece is then pushed forward, carrying with it the cone & cartridge
to their proper place in the barrel; the top piece is then shut down and forms
a solid resisting point for the concussion consequent on the discharge of the
gun, the top piece being held firmly in its possession by a self-acting bolt
that prevents it from moving till the lock is brought to half cock; then the
top piece may be again lifted and drawn back, when the cartridge case

page_text: following the cone is brought altogether out from the barrel opposite the slot
and easily of course thrown away from the gun. Another cartridge can now
be introduced and the top piece again closed ready for firing.
The safety & simplicity of this Invention insures the greatest possible
facility in loading & withdrawing the cartridge case, and consequently the
greatest rapidity in firing is attainable.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eric Hugo Waldenstrom and
Thomas Wrigley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 13th June 1866.
We, ERIC HUGO WALDENSTROM and THOMAS WRIGLEY, both of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Mechanical Engineers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to that portion of the carding engine termed the
"doffing comb" and combstock, and the Invention is designed to impart to the
"doffing comb" the required rapid reciprocating or vibratory motion.
The improvements consist in the application and use of a peculiar con-
struction and arrangement of mechanism for the purpose, such apparatus
consists of a spring blade, which is held in V recesses in a vertical position
between the combstock lever and foot bearing in the framing; at about the
middle of its length this spring is connected to one end of a rod, the other
end of which is connected with the clip which encircles the crank pin or
eccentric. At the upper portion of the framing of the apparatus a spring is
so applied as to press downwards upon the combstock lever at a point closely
above the vertical blade spring, and thus the vertical blade spring is held firm
and in its proper position between the combstock and its bottom bearing; the
amount of downward pressure of this spring being regulated by a screw

page_text: adjustment. When in motion and the comb is raised to its highest point by
the action of the crank the blade spring is bent and assumes the form of a
bow, and as the crank advances one-quarter turn the spring blade assumes a
vertical position, which thus raises the lever of the combstock and brings the
comb to its lowest position; at the next quarter turn of the crank the blade
spring is forced out so as to bend the blade spring in the opposite direction,
the comb at this time having made one revolution; the remaining half revo-
lution of the crank gives a repetition of the same action to the blade spring
and comb, and thereby two beats or vibrations of the combstock are obtained
with one revolution of the crank, the continuation of which gives to the comb
a rapid vibratory motion, whilst the eccentric or crank actuating the same
revolves at a moderately slow speed. The same motion may be imparted to
the comb by the use of rods or levers employed instead of the spring; the
connection or bearing edges being the same with the exception that the con-
nection of the rods at their point of contact with the connecting rod of the
eccentric must be similar to their top and bottom connection with the frame
of the doffer and the lever of the combstock.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO SQUARE TOPSAILS AND TOPGALLANT SAILS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Davidson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th February
1866.
I, WILLIAM DAVIDSON, of Higher Bebbington, in the County of Chester,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
APPLICABLE TO SQUARE TOPSAILS AND TOPGALLANT SAILS," to be as follows:-
(that is to say):
This Invention consists of a simple and inexpensive arrangement for
reefing square topsails and royals from the deck of the vessel, and which
can be applied to these sails as at present constructed, without alteration of
mast or yards as they are now commonly used. To apply this Invention
to say a square topsail, which may be of the ordinary form, an additional
leach rope is fitted on each side of the sail, which extends in an oblique
direction from the clue to the head of the centre of the sail, which is at
that point attached to the yard, or it may be to the mast, but by preference
to the yard. The upper corners or earings of the sail are drawn out to the
yard arms when the sail is fully set by outhawls running through blocks or
sheaves on the yard arm, as will be readily understood. To each of the
upper corners or earings of the sail are attached downhauls to act as
downhauls or downhauls and buntlings, which are reeved through thimbles,
or through blocks on the foreside of the sail at the points where the upper
corners of the sail would fall when folded down on the front thereof. In

page_text: fine weather the sail may be laced or otherwise made fast to the yard in any
of the ordinary ways. When it is desired to reef the sail all that is required
to be done is to remove the lacings or other fastenings by cutting away or
otherwise detaching the same, and letting go one of the outhauls and
drawing the upper corner of the sail down on to the front thereof by
means of the downhaul passing through the thimble in the sail from the
front to the back thereof, or through a block on the front of the sail where
it is led down to the deck. When close reefed the other corner or earing
of the sail is loosed and brought down by the downhaul in the same way,
thus leaving the sail in the form of a triangle, the extra leach ropes
then forming the edge of the sail. In place of the single downhaul
described blocks may be attached to the upper corners or earings of the
sail at the point required, one end of the rope being made fast to the bolt
rope on the foot of the sail at, say, about one-third of its length from the
yard, when it is carried in an oblique direction through the double block
on the front of the sail, and thence through a block on the upper corner
of the sail, and thence back again through the double block on front of
the sail, and down on to the deck, thus forming a clueline and downhaul,
both sides of the sail being fitted in the same.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PENHOLDERS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Seeley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th May 1866.
I, GEORGE SEELEY, of Argyll Street, Regent Street, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PENHOLDERS," to be as follows:-
The object of the improvements is to obtain increased freedom in writing.
For this purpose the penholder is formed elastic between the part where the
pen is inserted and that where it is held by the user, so as to admit of an
elastic up-and-down motion and yet preserve to it rigidity in a lateral or side-
way direction. This elasticity is conveniently obtained by the insertion of one
or more pieces of flat steel spring to connect the parts together, or it may be
otherwise obtained; set screws or pins may be employed to adjust or retain
the parts in position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE FLOW OP STEAM INTO STEAM ENGINES BY WHAT ARE COMMONLY CALLED EXPANSION CUT-OFF VALVES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Farmer at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th August
1866.
I, JAMES FARMER, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE FLOW OP STEAM INTO STEAM ENGINES BY WHAT
ARE COMMONLY CALLED EXPANSION CUT-OFF VALVES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an improvement upon that apparatus for which
Letters Patent were granted to Leman Baker Pitcher, dated 2nd October
1851, No. 18,759. According to the Invention therein specified the
regulating rod of the hydraulic apparatus acted through the medium of rods
and levers upon the ordinary throttle valve; by my Invention I cause the
said regulating rod to act upon an "expansion cut-off valve." The following
are methods I propose for accomplishing this:-I employ a rod which is
caused constantly to move to and fro by the working of the engine and which
carries a piece formed with a slot, such piece being capable of vibrating upon
Within this slot is a projecting stud formed upon another rod
connected to the valve and also to the regulating rod of the bydraulic governor.
The action of the regulator moves the said projecting stud upward or down-
ward in the slot, and thus a variable motion is imparted to the valve rod.
According to another arrangement I propose there is a revolving cam
formed in two parts, the one capable of moving on the other around their
common axis. Each of these parts is provided with a projection, the one to

page_text: close the valve and the other to open it, and for this purpose they act upon a
roller carried by a lever which is, in connexion with the said valve. The
projection which is used for the cut-off is connected to the regulating rod
aforesaid and is projected or withdrawn thereby according to the steam
required. The object of forming the cam in two parts is to regulate the
cut-off. I propose to admit the steam to the cylinder through the cover
thereof.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF OIL BAIZES, STAIR BAIZES,' AND 'OIL FLOOR CLOTHS," OR OTHER VARNISHED OR JAPANNED FABRICS, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Thorpe at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th October
1866.
I, JOHN THORPE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF OIL BAIZES, STAIR BAIZES,' AND 'OIL FLOOR CLOTHS," OR OTHER
VARNISHED OR JAPANNED FABRICS, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREIN," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the manufacture of the materials known as
"oil baizes," "stair baizes," "oil cloth," and other similar varnished or
japanned fabrics, and to that part wherein they are submitted to a rubbing,
polishing, or grinding action to remove the knots or roughnesses, and to pro-
duce a smooth surface between each application of the varnishes or material
with which the fabric is coated; this polishing or smoothing having hitherto
been effected by the action of pumicestone and manual labor.
The improvements consist in the use of a portable revolving face plate or
disc having polishing or grinding surfaces or knives secured therein, the plate
or disc being mounted on a shaft having a pulley secured thereon, which is
driven by an endless band, part of which is elastic and part may be non-elastic.
The shaft driving the polishing disc is mounted in a framing which is supplied
with two rollers parallel to the disc shaft, and also with two handles by which
the application may be moved about and applied to every part of the fabric
under operation, which is usually distended in vertical frames. The disc or

page_text: face plate may either be supplied with one continuous surface of stone, or it
may be divided and made in segments, so as to present different angles to the
knots on the surface of the cloth, or knives, blades, or files may be made
adjustable in such a disc to cut down inequalities as well as polish the surface.
The main driving shaft is situated above the stretchers or distending frames,
and carries a driving pulley, which may travel along so as to follow and drive
the revolving disc at any part of the distended fabric, and the driving band
passes round such pulley and round the pulley which drives the face plate or
disc, previously being passed over the guide pulleys in the portable framing.
By this means the varnish and surface of the fabric may be rendered smooth
or polished between each coating in much less time than by hand.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR PREPARING WOOD AND OTHER MATERIALS PREPARATORY TO ORNAMENTING OR GRAINING THE SAME, AND ALSO FOR FINISHING MATERIALS SO PREPARED WHEN ORNAMENTED OR GRAINED, AND FOR FINISHING WOOD AND OTHER MATERIALS WHEN PAINTED OB GRAINED BUT NOT PREPARED BY THE SAID PROCESS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Jacobs at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st December
1866.
I, SAMUEL JACOBS, of High Ousegate, York, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR PREPARING WOOD AND
OTHER MATERIALS PREPARATORY TO ORNAMENTING OR GRAINING THE SAME, AND ALSO
FOR FINISHING MATERIALS SO PREPARED WHEN ORNAMENTED OR GRAINED, AND FOR
FINISHING WOOD AND OTHER MATERIALS WHEN PAINTED OB GRAINED BUT NOT
PREPARED BY THE SAID PROCESS," to be as follows:-
The material to be ornamented or grained is coated with a composition
made of gum and naptha, or other spirit, in the proportion of about 1 part of
gum to 5 parts of spirit; I bave found these proportions answer well when
shellac and naptha are used. The composition may either be applied
with a brush or rubbed in or on, as in polishing, and the said composition
may be used either with or without coloring matter according to the ground
required. The material thus prepared may be grained in the ordinary way,
then coated with spirit varnish, and afterwards be French polished. Although
the above process is intended more particularly for new wood or other new
materials it may be applied with advantage either entirely or partially to old
materials that have been previously painted, grained, varnished, or polished.
ROVEMENTS IN CEMENT FOR MAKING GOOD THE JOINTS IN OIL STILLS AND RETORTS, AND JOINTS EXPOSED TO MEDIUM OR HIGH TEMPERATURES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Starbuck and John Car-
rington Sellars at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 3rd January 1866.
We, GEORGE STARBUCK, of Birkenhead, in the County of Chester, Oil
Merchant, and JOHN CARRINGTON SELLARS, of the same Place, Manu-
facturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN CEMENT FOR MAKING GOOD THE JOINTS IN OIL STILLS AND
RETORTS, AND JOINTS EXPOSED TO MEDIUM OR HIGH TEMPERATURES," to be as
follows (that is to say)
The object of this Invention is the manufacture and use of an improved
cement for luting or making good the joints of oil stills, flanges, sockets of
mineral, oil, and other stills; oil, spirit and gas retort used for the distilla-
tion of liquid or solid substances; or for any other connexions, whether
the distillation of liquids, solids, or gaseous, where exposed to a medium
or high temperature. This cement or luting consists of any compound,
chemical or simple, or any admixture of any mineral substance or sub-
stances, as the salt or oxide (whether artificially made or occurring as
natural products) of iron, carbon, magnesia, manganese, lime, strontia,
baryta, soda, potash, alumina, chromium, sand, or zinc, combined with
silicate of ammonia, or silicate of soda, or silicate of potash, or any

page_text: mixture of them, either in a dry or liquid state, but it is preferred to use
the compound or mixture made in the form of a paste (requiring the aid
of heat when in the joint to cause it to harden), in which state it is
proposed to use it as a luting for the flanges, sockets, or other joints, as
herein-before stated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CLOSING THE HATCHWAYS OR DECK OPENINGS OF SHIPS AND SIDE PORTS OR OPENINGS IN THE SAME
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Edward Healey Chadwych
Healey at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 23rd January 1866.
I, CHARLES EDWARD HEALEY CHADWYCH HEALEY, of 163, Strand, London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CLOSING THE HATCHWAYS OR DECK OPENINGS OF SHIPS AND SIDE PORTS OR OPENINGS
IN THE SAME," to be as follows:-
I employ to close the engine room hatchway or other hatchway, or side or
stern or bow ports, shutters or blinds constructed on the principle known as
the revolving principle," which shutters are so fitted that by the aid of
any suitable gear in common use they may be coiled up beneath the <leck or
in any other suitable situation, at which time the engine room hatchway or
such other hatchway or port as my Invention is applied to will be open as
far as regards my Invention; but when desired the aforesaid shutters,
blinds, or curtains may be drawn over the openings to which they are fitted
by uncoiling them from the rollers or other known mechanical appliances in
common use on which they were previously coiled, thereby more effectually
closing the hatch than has been hitherto done.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLYING MOTIVE POWER TO SAW FRAMES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Robinson and John Smith
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 8th August 1866.
We, JOHN ROBINSON, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
and JOHN SMITH, of the same Place, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLYING MOTIVE POWER TO SAW
FRAMES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to those saw frames which are driven by the direct
action of steam or compressed air, and consists in a method of giving motion
to the valves of such steam and air cylinders. For this purpose we employ a
bar sliding with the reciprocating saw frame, and carrying inclined pieces to
act as tappets; these inclines or tappets as they move upward and downward
act upon rollers, which by causing a shaft or lever to oscillate or vibrate
impart the necessary sliding motion to the valve. The inclines or tappets or
the rollers we make adjustable for regulating the motion of the valve. The
steam or air cylinder may be placed above or below the saw frame, and we
provide the said cylinder with a separate steam or air pipe, by which the
piston may be adjusted for starting. This arrangement may be modified by
connecting the oscillating or vibrating shaft to a slotted link attached to the
saw frame, the said slot being provided with the necessary inclines for
acting upon the shaft at the proper intervals for giving motion to the valve.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING DESIGNS UPON WOOD AND OTHER MATERIALS BY THE AID OF PHOTOGRAPHY
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Bentley Woodbury at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th May 1866.
I, WALTER BENTLEY WOODBURY, of Worcester Park, in the County of
Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING DESIGNS UPON WOOD AND OTHER MATERIALS BY
THE AID OF PHOTOGRAPHY," to be as follows:-
I first obtain a mould in gelatine prepared with bichromate of ammonia by
submitting the gelatine to the action of light passing through a photographic
negative and washing away the parts not rendered insoluble, and I take a
metal reverse from this mould by pressing the same into soft metal in a
hydraulic or other press. (or by the electrotype process) as described in the
Specification of Letters Patent granted to me A.D. 1864, dated 23rd
September, No. 2338. In this metal reverse the lights or whites of the
picture or design are represented by the highest or most prominent parts, and
the shades or blacks by the deepest or most receding parts; I then take an
electrotype from this, which will be a fac-simile of the gelatine mould, that is,
the shades will be represented by the highest parts and the lights by the
deepest parts, the half tones being of course also indicated by different
corresponding degrees of depth; this electrotype should be allowed to
remain in connection with the battery a sufficient length of time to attain
such a thickness as will prevent it from bending under moderate pressure.

page_text: Having obtained this electrotype mould in relief I heat it to a dull red
heat (or to a sufficient heat to scorch or discolor wood or other suitable
material) and I press it on to the surface of a piece of truly planed sycamore
or other suitable wood, and a picture or design will be the result wherein the
shades are represented by the different amount of burning or scorching which
the wood undergoes, owing to the greater or less prominence of the various
parts of the heated copper mould, those parts where the heated mould actually
touches the surface being the darkest, and so on in proportion. Instead of
wood other materials may be used, such as velvet, ivory, cardboard, paper, or
other substance capable of being blackened by heat, and the effect is not
necessarily produced by scorching, as the same effect will be obtained if the
wood, paper, or other material is prepared by any well-known chemical
substance having the property of being blackened or darkened by the
application of heat.
AN IMPROVED NEEDLE CASE OR HOLDEB
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmond Vincent Billiotto at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
September 1866.-A communication from Jules Doderet, residing at
No. 31, Rue d'Enghien, Paris.
I, EDMOND VINCENT BILLIOTTE, of No. 18, Ruc de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the
Empire of France, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED NEEDLE CASE OR HOLDEB," a communication to me
from Jules Doderet, a person resident at No. 31, Rue d'Enghien, Paris,
aforesaid, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in adapting to the needle case a small india-rubber
or cork cushion mounted on a metal or other plate which moves up and down
inside the case by means of a shaft connected to the cushion. The upper part
of the said shaft has an ornamental knob or handle, and forms the top of the
needle case.
In making use of the caso all that is required is to draw out the shaft
by means of the knob till the cushion is raised to the mouth of the case, from
which latter it is prevented from passing out by being bent slightly inwards at
that part. The plate bearing the cushion is furnished with one or more slight
springs for maintaining it in position. The needles or pins in the cushion
while the case is open will be spread out in a fan shape, so that any one can bo

page_text: readily selected. When tho case is closed
When tho case is closed they are pressed together by its
sides.
The advantages of this system of construction are that all the needles are
separate, and being spread out as above mentioned give a greater facility for
selection than those at present in use, while at the same time there is no risk
of spilling them as the cushion secures them.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN CASKS AND TAPS FOR DRAWING LIQUIDS THEREFROM
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Dennis at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th May 1866.
I, WILLIAM DENNIS, of 106, Cambridge Street, Pimlico, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN CASKS AND TAPS FOR DRAWING LIQUIDS THEREFROM," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in casks and taps for
drawing liquids therefrom. In order that the operation of tapping casks may
be effected with more facility than heretofore I let into the head or other part
of the cask a socket in which is a valve seat; beyond the valve seat towards
the inside of the cask there is a chamber formed in the socket, with a screw
thread cut, on its sides, and a plug with a similar thread cut on its exterior
is screwed into the thread within the chamber; the outer end of the screw plug
forms a valve in such manner that when the plug is screwed up it makes a
tight joint against the valve seat already mentioned, and the liquid in the
cask is prevented escaping. The plug is furnished with a packing ring of
india-rubber or other suitable material, and this packing may be applied either
to the end or side of the plug. On the outside of the socket beyond the
valve another screw thread is cut to receive a corresponding screw on the
tap. The tap employed for tapping a cask, furnished with apparatus such as

page_text: above described, has a square projecting from its end, and this square enters a
corresponding recess in the end of the screw plug, then the act of turning the
tap round to screw it into the socket on the cask unscrews the screw plug
and removes it out of contact with the valve seat, the liquid is then able to
pass freely to the tap, and when this is opened can escape freely from the
cask. The locking parts between the tap and the screw plug may be formed in
any convenient way, suitable passages are formed in the socket to let the
liquid pass freely the portion of the screw plug on which the thread is formed.
It will be seen that in removing the tap from the cask the screw plug will
again be made to close on the valve seat, so that the air will be prevented
entering the cask which frequently is very desirable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR REDUCING, POUNDING, AND SOFTENING HARD OR TOUGH SUBSTANCES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Patterson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th March
1866.
I, JOHN PATTERSON, of Beverley, in the County of York, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR REDUCING, POUNDING, AND SOFTENING HARD OR
TOUGH SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction, arrangement, and com-
bination of machinery or apparatus suitable for producing bone dust, or for
reducing, pounding, and softening hard or tough substances generally, and
consists in the employment for that purpose of stampers or hammers, which
are worked in connection with a revolving circular block, or plate, or trough
in such a manner that whilst the block, plate, or trough carries forward upon
its surface the substances to be operated upon under the stampers or hammers
they shall in rotation fall upon them for the purpose of reducing, pounding, or
softening such substances.
According to one arrangement of apparatus which I have found to answer
well in practice for the crushing of bones and like substances, I employ a
large and broad disc, somewhat like a grindstone, revolving vertically upon a
horizontal shaft at a slow speed. Above the periphery of this disc are disposed
a series of vertical stampers, say, four in number, to which a rising and falling
motion is imparted by cams, tappets, or any well known contrivance for the
purpose, so as to cause them to strike the periphery of the disc as it slowly
revolves. The bones are fed on to the surface of the disc from a feeding

page_text: hopper in front of the stampers, and as they are conveyed under the stampers
by the continuous rotatory motion of the disc they are crushed and wrenched
between the surfaces of the disc and the stampers, which I prefer to make
ribbed or toothed for the better disintegration of the bones. The stampers
are guided by two strong plates, which also prevent the bone dust from falling
over the edges of the disc, and the crushed bones or dust is discharged by a
spout or shoot situate behind the stampers. When intended for quartz
crushing the disc is placed horizontally and revolves on a vertical shaft, that
part upon which the stampers fall being supported by friction rollers. In
cases where continued pounding is necessary, and particularly where it is
preferred to operate upon the substances in a wet state, the face of the hori-
zontal disc is hollowed so as to form an annular trough, or a raised rim may
be fitted to its circumference for the same purpose, and the stampers caused
to fall within such annular trough whilst it revolves slowly beneath them.