An Improved Product and Process for Rendering Woven and other Fabrics, Paper, Feathers, Furs, and the like, Impermeable.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application (in United Kingdom), 20th Oct., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 2nd Nov., 1898-Accepted, 15th July, 1899
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Product and Process for Rendering Woven and other
Fabrics, Paper, Feathers, Furs, and the like, Impermeable.
I, MAURICE GASTON OLIVIER, of 58, Rue de Boudy, Paris, in the Republic of
France, Factory Director, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:
This invention relates to an improved product, by the application of which
stuffs and paper are rendered impervious to water; my invention also relates to
the process for applying this product for the special purpose, for which it is
composed. This object is obtained without the surface, that has been rendered
impervious, undergoing the slightest deterioration and without even, in most
cases its appearance being in any way modified.
My invention first of all consists in the composition of a bath in which, sub-
stantially, paraffin is employed solely or is employed with wax or with india
rubber or is mixed with wax and india rubber.
For this purpose I dissolve white paraffin in a solvent which is not capable
of deteriorating the substance to be rendered impervious, such solvent being
selected from amongst the following according to the nature of this substance,
viz.bisulphide of carbon (commonly called sulphide of carbon); toluene (C7 H³);
essence of turpentine; essence of petroleum; benzine.
"
16°
Spirit or essence of turpentine is one of the numerous isomeric products
(derivatives) answering to the formula Co₁ It is also known as "téré-
benthène (terebene), or australène," according to the kind of fir tree from
which it is extracted. It is employed for dissolving sulphur, india rubber, a
number of resinous, and also fatty products and in the preparation of encaustic
paint etc. Essence or spirit of petroleum, also called mineral spirit, is the second
member of the series of products obtained in the successive distillation of raw
petroleum (rock oil). As is well known, this distillation yields:-
(1) Between 30° C. and 75° C., petroleum ether.
(2) Between 75° C. and 150° C. petroleum spirit.
(3) Between 150° C. and 280° C. the refined petroleum or paraffin oil.
The petroleum spirit is a highly inflammable liquid and is employed in the
manufacture of varnishes and for dissolving fatty substances.
The dissolution of the paraflin in the solvent of carbon is affected by the cold

page_text: process, the proportional amount of paraffin varying between 10 and 12 per cent. ;
the solution being thus obtained is very clear.
To this solution I may add bee's wax which dissolves in the solvent that is
to be employed; this addition of wax, although not absolutely necessary, gives
better results; it is sufficient, to employ about one per cent.
If required, the whole amount of paraffin in the preparation may be substituted
by wax.
On the other hand I may add to the solution of paraffin only or paraffin and
wax, a solution of ordinary india rubber, that is to say non-vulcanized rubber, or
gutta percha, in sulphuret of carbon or another suitable solvent in the proportion,
of one per cent.; the mixing of this already pasty solution is effected in the
proportion of one fourth with the solution of paraffin or of paraffin and wax.
By simply passing the material to be heated, into the prepared solution, it
becomes impermeable. But the following process has been found to yield the
best results, as regards the clearness and the facility of treatment as well as the
cheapness.
This process consists in moistening one of the faces of the material to be
treated, by passing the same at the desired speed underneath a more or less dense
spray or shower of the prepared solution, which is for instance placed in a
perforated cylinder or tube. In cases, where stuffs are to be treated, I preferably
moisten the right side of the stuff.
Immediately after such moistening, and before any evaporation of the liquid
has taken place, the material under treatment is passed between two rollers, the
surface of which consists of a suitable soft or elastic substance, such as felt or
ebonite; these two cylinders force the liquid into the body of the material under
treatment, thus substituting the liquid for the air contained in the material and
pressing out, if necessary, the excess of liquid.
The material thus treated is subsequently dried; the solvent which only served
as a transporting medium for the impermeabilizing substance, evaporates and
is retrieved, in order to subsequently serve for another bath.
Instead of forcing the impermeabilizing liquid into the material under treat-
ment by means of pressing rollers, I may effect the same by means of a vacuum:
when the air to be eliminated has been extracted, the impermeabilizing liquid is
supplied which properly and evenly impregnates the material under treatment.
I successfully apply my product to stuffs, tissues, felt, also to furs and silk
ware, the lustre of which it increases, to silk hats, to umbrella and parasol covers
and the like. This product in like manner renders papers, placard papers as well
as card board, leather and the like impervious. When these substances have
been thus treated, the water will run down upon their surface as upon an oiled
surface, without such surface being in the slightest degree penetrated by the
moisture and without the slightest amount of water being diffused thereon. The
other properties of the body or substance are in no way altered.
Dated this 20th day of Octahan 1800
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.
An Improved Product and Process for Rendering Woven and other
Fabrics, Paper, Feathers, Furs, and the like, Impermeable.
I, MAURICE GASTON OLIVIER, of 58, Rue de Bondy, Paris, in the Republic of 5
France, Factory Director, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in

page_text: what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
-
This invention relates to an improved product, by the application of which
stuffs and paper are rendered impervious to water; my invention also relates to
the process for applying this product for the special purpose, for which it is
composed. This object is obtained without the surface, that has been rendered
impervious, undergoing the slightest deterioration, and without even, in most
cases its appearance being in any way modified.
My invention first of all consists in the composition of a bath in which, sub-
stantially, paraffin is employed solely or is employed with wax or with india
rubber or is mixed with wax and india rubber.
For this purpose I dissolve white paraffin preferably in carbon bisulphide,
commonly called sulphuret of carbon; but I may also use as a solvent: toluene
(CH), turpentine essence, petroleum essence, benzene or any liquid, which
is not liable to deteriorate the material required to be rendered impervious, the
choice of the solvent being dependent upon the nature of the material.
téré-
Spirit or essence of turpentine is one of the numerous isomeric products
(derivatives) answering to the formula CH. It is also known as
benthène" (terebene), or "australène," according to the kind of fir tree from
which it is extracted. It is employed for dissolving sulphur, india rubber, a
number of resinous, and also fatty products and in the preparation of encaustic
paint etc. Essence or spirit of petroleum also called mineral spirit, is the second
member of the series of products obtained in the successive distillation of raw
petroleum (rock oil). As is well known, this distillation yields:-
(1) Between 30° C. and 75° C., petroleum ether.
(2) Between 75° C. and 150° C. petroleum spirit.
(3) Between 150° C. and 280° C. the refined petroleum or paraffin oil.
The petroleum spirit is a highly inflammable liquid and is employed in the
manufacture of varnishes and for dissolving fatty substances.
The dissolution of the paraffin in the sulphuret of carbon is effected by the
cold process, the proportional amount of paraffin varying between 10 and 12
per cent.; the solution thus obtained is very clear.
To this solution I may add bees-wax which dissolves in the solvent that is to
be employed; this addition of wax, although not absolutely necessary, gives
better results; it is sufficient, to employ about one per cent.
If required, the whole amount of parallin in the preparation may be substituted
by wax.
On the other hand I may add to the solution of paraffin only or paraffin and
wax, a solution of ordinary india rubber, that is to say non-vulcanized rubber, or
gutta percha, in sulphuret of carbon or another suitable solvent in the proportion
of one per cent.; the mixing of this already pasty solution is effected in the
proportion of one fourth with the solution of paraffin or of paraffin and wax.
By simply passing the material to be treated, into the prepared solution, it
becomes impermeable. But the following process has been found to yield the
best results, as regards the cleanness and the facility of treatment as well as the
cheapness.
This process consists in moistening one of the faces of the material to be
treated, by passing the same at the desired speed underneath a more or less dense
spray or shower of the prepared solution, which is for instance placed in a
perforated cylinder or tube. In cases, where stuffs are to be treated, I preferably
moisten the right side of the stuff.
Immediately after such moistening, and before any evaporation of the liquid
has taken place, the material under treatment is passed between two rollers, the
surface of which consists of a suitable soft or elastic substance, such as felt or
ebonite; these two cylinders force the liquid into the body of the material under
treatment, thus substituting the liquid for the air contained in the material and
pressing out, if necessary, the excess of liquid.

page_text: The material thus treated is subsequently dried; the solvent which only served
as a transporting medium for the impermeabilizing substance, evaporates and
is retrieved in order to subsequently serve for another bath.
Instead of forcing the impermeabilizing liquid into the material under treat-
ment by means of pressing rollers, I may effect the same by means of a vacuum:
when the air to be eliminated has been extracted, the impermeabilizing liquid is
supplied which properly and evenly impregnates the material under treatment.
I successfully apply my product to woven and other tissues, felt, also to furs
and silk ware,
the lustre of which it increases, to silk hats, to umbrella and
parasol covers and the like. The product in like manner renders papers, placard
papers as well as card board, leather and the like impervious. When these sub-
stances have been thus treated, the water will run down upon their surface as
upon an oiled surface, without such surface being in the slightest degree pene-
trated by the moisture and without the slightest amount of water being diffused
thereon. The other properties of the body or substance are in no way altered.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. As a new article of manufacture the above described product for rendering
woven and other tissues, papers and the like impervious to water, this product
being composed of a solution of paraffin in sulphuret of carbon, or of a solution
of paraffin in sulphuret of carbon with an addition of bees wax, or of a solution
of paraffin with a solution of ordinary india rubber added thereto, or finally of a
solution containing paraffin, wax and india rubber, the whole in such quantitative
proportions as indicated in the above description or in variable proportions, as
may be found suitable.
2. A process for applying the novel product, forming the subject of the First
Claim, either by way of moistening or damping, by the aid of pressure applied
between rollers or cylinders, or by way of subjecting the material to be treated,
to the action of a vacuum, into which the impermeabilizing liquid is subsequently
passed, substantially as above described.
Dadalhis 2nd day of Noha 1808
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.