IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH GAS APPARATUS FOR HEATING WATER OR FOR GENERATING STEAM, PARTS OF WHICH INVENTION RELATE TO COOKING, GRILLING, OR OTHER STOVES OR OVENS FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES, AND ALSO IN GAS BURNERS AND REGULATORS APPLICABLE TO THE SAME."
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Michael Mary Brophy of the Holborn Engineering Works
in the County of Middlesex for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND
CONNECTED WITH GAS APPARATUS FOR HEATING WATER OR FOR GENERATING
STEAM, PARTS OF WHICH INVENTION RELATE TO COOKING, GRILLING, OR OTHER
STOVES OR OVENS FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES, AND ALSO IN GAS BURNERS AND
REGULATORS APPLICABLE TO THE SAME."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Michael Mary Brophy at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th August 1882.
MICHAEL MARY BROPHY of the Holborn Engineering Works in the County of
Middlesex " IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH GAS APPARATUS FOR
HEATING WATER OR FOR GENERATING STEAM, PARTS OF WHICH INVENTION RELATE
TO COOKING, GRILLING, OR OTHER STOVES OR OVENS FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES AND
ALSO IN GAS BURNERS AND REGULATORS APPLICABLE TO THE SAME."
This Invention relates to gas apparatus more particularly adapted to the heating
or boiling of water or for the generation of steam and consists of a ring or annular
burner which surrounds a copper bulb or pear shaped extension arranged on the
vertical pipes. This gas burner is placed a short distance below the extreme
diameter of the bulb and the flame or heat in ascending strikes against the bulb
or larger part of the surface to be heated and is caused to traverse and entirely
surround the same by a fire brick (or other suitable material) shield or cover which
retains the heat around the copper bulb the products of combustion escaping at the
uppermost part. These covers are preferably provided with annular interior
grooves to cause the products of combustion to be constantly impinging on the
bulb. The copper bulb (or it may be a parallel tube when arranged horizontally)
is in communication with an upper and a lower boiler or it may be a series
arranged in any convenient manner. The top part of the bulb or tube terminates
in the boiler at the upper part and by this means and by employing a series of
burners and bulbs and in some cases additional vertical tubes, the water at a high
temperature will be caused to circulate at a very high rate of speed and consequently
keeping the water in the respective boilers at a comparatively equal temperature.
This is also applicable to coppers for boiling purposes and with further improvements
hereafter described.
Where hot water is required or the apparatus is used for heating purposes the
water circulates through a cistern or tank from which the supply is obtained
through a pipe in connection with the ball valve and feed cistern.
In some cases there may be two or more bulbs and their corresponding burners
on one pipe and there may be a series of them; as the products of combustion are
1

page_text: passing away they may be still further utilized for heating the gas to a high
temperature before it arrives at the burner and enters into combustion thereby
securing great efficiency and economy. The gas is admitted into a chamber above
so that the products of combustion will strike against the chamber and heat the
gas for the purposes before described.
The whole may be covered by a suitable casing and lagged and the air necessary
is admitted at the lower part and caused to circulate before admission to the burner
thus acting as a non-conductor in the first portion of its travel in the casing, or the
fire brick cap may be only partially covered the underside being left open, the gas
chamber in this case covering the top.
In some cases I prefer to use a non conducting material and in some instances to
employ it around the fire brick to prevent the radiation of heat.
This gas chamber can be adapted with great advantage to grilling stoves or
ovens &º
A convenient form of burner applicable to the above stoves or water heating
apparatus is as follows. In a tube whether straight or circular having small holes
therein I propose that such holes should be larger and corresponding holes on the
opposite side which may be of a smaller diameter this allows of passing a small
tube transversely through the supply pipe which at that end can either be screwed
in or stoppered, at the other side where the gas enters into combustion the hole is
a little larger than the tube the gas or gas and air passing out around the same.
This pipe which may be funnel shaped on the opposite side allows a current of air
to be directed into the centre of the flame and every particle of gas is consumed so
producing a flame of great intensity and effectiveness.
In a similar manner a Bunsen burner may be arranged with a central tube to
convey a supply of air to the centre of the flame the supply of gas and air being
admitted around the same, therefore in combustion the consumption is more perfect
than heretofore. I employ an intermediate tube in which the gas is conveyed and
entering into the outer tube at a higher level than that at which the air is
admitted. Another part of my Invention relates to the proportionate supply of
gas and air in their respective quantities so that when the gas is turned down low
the admission of air will be simultaneously regulated and therefore obviate the
inconvenience of the light being extinguished by the too large proportion of air as
is now usual.
At the end of the gas pipe I fit what I may term a valve which has holes or
ports therein that correspond with those at the end of the pipe and when the valve
is partially turned the supply is lessened. At the other side of this valve is
another circular plate having similar holes or ports corresponding with others that
are fixed and when the valve is turned these holes or ports are opened or closed
simultaneously and thus admitting gas and air in a pre-arranged proportion.
The valve is preferably made in two parts secured together and may be provided
with a short piece of india rubber tubing or other elastic material so as to maintain
good joints and prevent escape of gas.
My Invention is also applicable to ironing and other stoves and ovens for
various purposes in which gas (ordinary coal) or water gas, gas made from hydro
carbon oils or other inflammable gases, are employed.
In ovens for baking and other purposes I may heat the same on the underside
by a series of preferably my improved burners above these burners I mount a
corrugated plate or a plate composed of a series of inverted U shaped channels.-
The burners are arranged intermediately and the flames impinging on the under
side of this plate the carbonic acid gas and products of combustion enter these
upper channels and pass away after circulating around the oven.
By the employment of this form of plate or radiator a larger heating surface is
obtained. In this case the gas chamber to be heated could be advantageously
placed beneath the burners. A fire clay slab or slabs of a suitable construction
inay advantageously be employed in lieu of copper sheets.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
Michael Mary Brophy in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 17th February
1883.
MICHAEL MARY BROPHY of the Holborn Engineering Works in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH GAS APPARATUS FOR
HEATING WATER OR FOR GENERATING STEAM PARTS OF WHICH INVENTION RELATE
TO COOKING GRILLING OR OTHER STOVES OR OVENS FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES AND
ALSO IN GAS BURNERS AND REGULATORS APPLICABLE TO THE SAME
"
This Invention relates to gas apparatus more particularly adapted to the heating
or boiling of water or for the generation of steam and consists of a ring or annular
burner which surrounds a copper bulb or pear shaped extension arranged on the
vertical pipes. This gas burner is placed a short distance below the extreme
diameter of the bulb and the flame or heat in ascending strikes against the bulb
or larger part of the surface to be heated and is caused to traverse and entirely
surround the same by a fire brick (or other suitable material) shield or cover
which retains the heat around the copper bulb the products of combustion escaping
at the upper part.
These covers are preferably provided with annular interior grooves to cause the
products of combustion to be constantly impinging on the bulb but in some cases
may be plain.
The copper bulb (or it may be a parallel tube when arranged horizontally) is in
communication with an upper and a lower boiler or it may be a series of boilers
arranged in any convenient manner. The top part of the bulb or tube terminates
in the boiler at the upper part and by this means and by employing a series of
burners and bulbs and in some cases additional vertical tubes the water at a high
temperature will be caused to circulate at a very high rate of speed and
consequently keeping the water in the respective boilers at a comparatively equal
temperature.
This is also applicable to coppers for boiling purposes and with further
improvements hereafter described.
Where hot water is required or the apparatus is used for heating purposes the
water circulates through a cistern or tank from which the supply is obtained
through a pipe in connection with the ball valve and feed cistern.
In some cases there may be two or more bulbs and their corresponding burners
on one pipe and there may be a series of them.
As the products of combustion are passing away they may be still further utilized
for heating the gas to a high temperature before it arrives at the burner and enters
into combustion thereby securing great efficiency and economy.
The gas is
admitted into a chamber above so that the products of combustion will strike
against the chamber and heat the gas for the purposes before described.
The whole may be covered by a suitable casing and lagged and the air necessary
is admitted at the lower or upper part and cause to circulate before admission to
the burner thus acting as a non conductor in the first portion of its travel in the
casing or the fire brick cap may be only partially covered the underside being left
open, the gas chamber in this case covering the top.
In some cases I prefer to use a non conducting material and in some instances to
employ it around the fire brick to prevent the radiation of heat.
This gas chamber can be adapted with great advantage to grilling stoves
or ovens.
A convenient form of burner applicable to the above stoves or water heating

page_text: apparatus is as follows. In a tube whether straight or circular having small holes
therein I propose that such holes should be larger and corresponding holes on the
opposite side which may be of a smaller diameter.
This allows of passing a small tube transversely through the supply pipe which
at that end can either be screwed in or expanded, at the other side where the gas
enters into combustion the hole is a little larger than the tube the gas or gas and
air passing out around the same. This pipe which may be funnel shaped on the
opposite side allows a current of air to be directed into the centre of the flame
and every particle of gas is consumed so producing a flame of great intensity and
effectiveness.
In a similar manner a Bunsen burner may be arranged with a central tube to
convey a supply of air to the centre of the flame the supply of gas and air being
admitted around the same therefore in combustion the consumption is more perfect
than heretofore.
I employ an intermediate tube in which the gas is conveyed and entering into
the outer tube at a higher bevel than that at which the air is admitted.
Another part of my invention relates to the proportionate supply of gas and air
in their respective quantities so that when the gas is turned down low the
admission of air will be simultaneously regulated and therefore obviate the incon-
venience of the light being extinguished by the too large proportion of air forming
an explosive mixture as is now usual.
At the end of the gas pipe I fit what I may term a valve which has holes or
ports therein that correspond with those at the end of the pipe and when the valve
is partially turned the supply is lessened. At the other side of this valve is another
circular plate having similar holes or ports corresponding with others that are fixed
and when the valve is turned these holes or ports are opened or closed simultaneously
and in a pre-arranged proportion. The valve is preferably made in two parts
secured together and may be provided with a short piece of india rubber tubing
or other elastic material so as to maintain good joints and prevent escape of gas.
My invention is also applicable to ironing and other stoves and ovens for various
purposes in which gas (ordinary coal) or water gas, gas made from hydrocarbon
oils or other inflammable gases are employed.
In ovens for baking and other purposes I may heat the same on the underside
by a series of preferably my improved burners or other burners may be employed.
Above these burners I mount a corrugated plate or a plate composed of a series
of inverted Ụ shaped channels. The burners are arranged intermediately and the
flames impinging on the underside of this plate the carbonic acid gas and
products of combustion enter these upper channels, and pass away after circulating
around the oven.
By the employment of this form of plate or radiator a larger heating surface is
obtained.
In this case the gas chamber to be heated could be advantageously placed beneath
the burners. A fire clay slab or slabs of a suitable construction may be employed
in lieu of copper sheets.
In the accompanying Drawings Figure 1 is a part sectional elevation and Figure 2
a transverse section of a gas apparatus more particularly adapted to the heating of
water and consists of a ring or annular burner a which surrounds a copper bulb or
pear shaped extension b arranged on the vertical pipes b'. This gas burner a. is
placed a short distance below the extreme diameter of the bulb b. as shown and the
Blame or heat in ascending strikes or impinges against the bulb or pear shaped
extension b of the surface to be heated and is caused to traverse and entirely
surround the said extension by a fire brick (or other suitable material) shield or
cover c. which tends to retain the heat around the bulb b the products of combustion
escaping at the uppermost part and advantageously in a chamber d. from which the
products pass away by pipe e.
The fire brick covers c. are preferably provided with annular interior grooves to
cause the products of combustion to be constantly impinging on the bulb and

page_text: increase the heat reflecting surface or it may be a parallel tube when arranged
horizontally and shewn in sectional elevation at Figure 1ª and cross section
Figure 1b where the fire brick sides are shewn applied to water heating apparatus
which may be one or more or arranged in a series.
The bulbs are in communication with upper and lower boilers A. B. arranged in
series. The top part of the bulb or tube 6 terminates in the boiler or boilers A
at the upper part as shown and by these means and by employing a series of
burners and bulbs and additional vertical tubes f. f the water at a high temperature
will be caused to circulate at a very high rate of speed through the boilers A. B:
and consequently keeping the water in the respective boilers at a comparatively
equal temperature.
The apparatus as shewn in sectional elevation at Figure 3 and in transverse
section at Figure 4 is specially adapted for boiling water or for the generation of
steam and consists in an upper tubular superheater A. in communication with
other boilers B. B¹. between which latter are the extensions b. and their fire brick
covers c. c. as well as circulating pipes f as hereinbefore described with reference to
Figures 1 and 2.
In these examples as in a previous Patent granted to J. A. Slater and myself
N° 136 A.D. 1882 the air necessary for aiding combustion traverses around the
heated chamber and is admitted to the interior at the lower part as will be clearly
seen in the Drawing.
w is the steam pipe. x is to the pressure gauge. y. y. to the water gauge and z
the blow off.
As the products of combustion are passing away they may be still further
utilized for heating the gas to a high temperature before it arrives at the burner
and enters into combustion thereby securing greater efficiency and economy than
heretofore as shown in sectional elevation at Figure 5. Sheet 4. The gas is admitted
into a chamber g above the pear shaped extension b so that the products of com-
bustion will impinge against the underside of the gas chamber and raise the
temperature thereof in the manner and for the purposes herein before described.
The whole may be covered by a suitable casing and lagged and the air necessary
admitted at the upper or lower part or sides and advantageously caused to circulate
before admission to the burner thus acting as a non conductor in the first portion
of its travel keeping the casing cool and finally entering into combustion in a
heated state.
The fire brick cap may be only partially covered the underside being left open,
the gas chamber in this case covering the top as before described.
In some cases I find it necessary to use a non conducting material around the fire
brick to prevent the radiation of heat.
The gas chamber on the aforesaid principle can be adapted with great advantage
to grilling stoves or ovens.
This application is shewn in detail in Figures 6. 7. 8 and 9.
Figure 6 is an end elevation partly in section and with the cover removed.
Figure 7 is a part sectional plan through the burners.
Figure 8 is a part sectional plan through the gas chamber and,
Figure 9 is a part vertical section through the same.
The gas and air regulator is hereafter more particularly described but it will be
obvious that other forms than that shown can also be employed in combination
with my improvements.
Similar letters refer to like parts in all these Figures.
a. a. is the frame of the grilling stove b. is the gas inlet to chamber A above the
burners c.
The gas is admitted by the pipe 6' at the foremost part of the chamber A and
escapes by the pipe d. to d'. from which it passes with its supply of air to the
respective pipes B to which the burners c, are connected
I find it advantageous in order to prevent the radiation of heat to cover the gas
chamber with fossil meal or any other non conductor the sides C may also be filled

page_text: up in a similar manner as indicated by dotted section lines. The burners may be
one or two sets and interpose or meet each other so that the one set may be
extinguished without interfering with the uniformity of the deflected heat of the
other set.
Above these burners I mount a corrugated plate or a plate composed of a series
of inverted Ushaped channels. The burners are arranged intermediately and
the flames impinging on the underside of these plates the carbonic acid gas and
products of combustion enter these upper channels and pass away after circulating
around the oven.
By the employment of this form of plate or radiator a larger heating surface is
obtained.
In Figure 9 the space between the deflector plates e and the underside of the
gas chamber A forms the channel or flue into which the products of combustion
enter.
The said plates e. e, are supported at either end on lugs e¹. e¹. cast on or otherwise
attached to the main pipe or pipes B.
The flame from the burners c impinge against the underside of the plates e. e.
and escapes between the openings f. f. as shown.
In Figure 10 these spaces are shewn provided with inverted channels g. g. to
convey the carbonic acid gas and products of combustion away to the flue as before
described.
A convenient form of burner applicable to the above stoves or water heating
apparatus in general is as follows. In a tube whether straight or circular having
small holes therein I propose that such holes should be larger and corresponding
holes on the opposite side which may be of a smaller diameter. This allows of
passing a small tube transversely through the supply pipe which at that end can
either be screwed in or expanded and shewn in section at Figure 11, at the other
side where the gas enters into combustion the hole g is a little larger than the
tube h. the gas or gas and air passing out around the same. The pipe h. allow a
current of air to be directed into the centre of the flame so that every particle of
gas is consumed thus producing a flame of great intensity and effectiveness and
preventing smell.
In a similar manner a Bunsen burner may be arranged with a central tube h to
convey a supply of air to the centre of the flame as shewn in Figure 12 the supply
of gas being admitted around the same by the intermediate tube i, and air at a
lower level in the openings k. in the pipe 1 therefore in combustion the consumption
is more perfect than heretofore.
The intermediate tube in which the gas is conveyed and entering into the outer
tube at a higher level than that at which the air is admitted creates a suction and
draws in a supply of air from the openings k. in the outer tube in addition to the
further admission by the pipe h.
Another part of my invention relates to the proportionate supply of gas and air
in their respective quantities so that when the gas is turned down low the
admission of air will be simultaneously regulated in proportion and therefore
obviate the inconvenience of the light being extinguished by the too large
proportion of air as is now the case.
I
Figure 13 is an elevation Figure 14 a section and Figure 15 a cross section.
connect a valve a. which has holes or ports a¹. therein that correspond with other
ones in the valve casing when the valve is partially turned by the handle b the
supply is lessened by the closure of the ports. At the other side of this valve is
another circular plate c. having similar holes or ports corresponding with others d.
but are fixed and when the valve is turned these holes or ports are opened or closed
simultaneously and in a prearranged proportion determined by the area of the
ports. The valve may be made in two parts secured together and provided with
a short piece of india rubber tubing e. or other elastic material so as to maintain
good joints.
My invention is also applicable to ironing and other stoves and ovens for various

page_text: purposes in which gas (ordinary coal) or water gas, gas made from hydrocarbon
oils or other inflammable gases are employed.
In the application of my improvements to ironing stoves I find the form shewn
at Figure 16 most advantageous.
The gas enters the chamber b by the pipe a in which it is heated by the flame
and products of combustion traversing the upper part thereof. The gas passes
down the pipe c as indicated and enters the burner. The air necessary enters
through aperture f into g. and around to chamber h and through aperture i.
thereby acts as a non conductor and in addition is being heated before entering
into combustion.
The products thereof pass under the copper plate e. (upon which the irons rest)
and pass away in the direction of the arrows to chamber j where they are baffled
by the plate k in front of which they pass and then enter the flue. Irons may also
be placed on the top o.
For heating goffering irons they are placed through the aperture m and rest at
the one end on the stay m¹.
The stove is at the base and sides in the space n filled with suitable non
conducting material.
In ovens for baking and other purposes I may heat the same on the underside by
a series of preferably my improved burners.
In this case the gas chamber to be heated could be advantageously placed
beneath the burners A fire clay slab or slabs of a suitable construction may
advantageously be employed in lieu of copper sheets a view in transverse section
of this arrangement is shewn at Figure 17. I have shewn two baking chambers
or ovens A and B. a. a are the gas burners the products of combustion pass away
to the Blues b and circulate around the oven or ovens. The heat passes from the
oven B, up through flue c. (free of carbonic acid) to the upper oven A from which
the results of combustion pass away through d. and are again carried around the
ovens by flue e. into which it is drawn by the current of air admitted through the
opening fat top there being a baffle plate g as shewn between the openings d.
and f.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention and in
what manner the same may advantageously be employed or carried into effect I
would have it understood that what I claim is :-
First. In gas or gas and air cooking or heating apparatus, the combination
with the means employed for raising to a high temperature the air necessary for
combustion, of a gas chamber, in close proximity to the burner, or burners, for
heating the gas before admixture with heated atmospheric air substantially in the
manner and for the purposes herein before described and illustrated with reference
to the accompanying Drawings.
Second. In gas or gas and air water heating or steam generating apparatus the
employment of pear shaped extensions or bulbs with covers of fire brick or other
suitable material substantially in the manner and for the purposes hereinbefore
described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
Third. In gas or gas and air apparatus for cooking or for heating water or
other heating purposes, the employment of a gas burner provided with an air tube
passing through that by which the gas is conveyed as shewn at Figure 11 thereby
admitting air to the centre of the flame substantially in the manner and by the
means herein before described and illustrated.
Fourth. In a Bunsen burner the employment of an intermediate gas tube
as shewn at Figure 12 substantially in the manner and for the purposes described.
Fifth. The means and apparatus for admitting air and gas in their relative and
pre-determined proportions by the employment of two sets of valves and ports one
for atmospheric air and the other for the gas so that by the lowering of the gas
the air admission ports are simultaneously diminished or vice versa substantially
in the manner herein before described and illustrated with reference to Figures 13.
14 and 15,

page_text: Sixth. The employment of a corrugated plate or plates between which the
carbonic acid is conveyed to a flue or flues or a plate having inverted U shaped
channels for the said purpose and as applied to grilling or other stoves or ovens
substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein before described and
illustrated.
Seventh In bakers ovens that are heated by gas or gas and air the employ-
ment of one set of burners to heat two ovens in combination with the means
for conveying away the carbonic acid gas by the flues as herein before described
and illustrated.
Eighth In bakers ovens the combination with flues for the escape of the
products of combustion of the means described and illustrated for conveying the
said products under the lower oven thereby heating the bottom of same as
set forth.
In witness whereof I the said Michael Mary Brophy have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Seventeenth day of Feb[r]uary in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty three..
Witness
HENRY HARINGTON LEIGH
of the firm of Phillips & Leigh
Engineers & Patent Agents
22 Southampton Buildings
Chancery Lane, W.Č.
MICH. M. BROPHY. (L.S.)