IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF EARTHENWARE BOTTLES AND OTHER EARTHENWARE OR POTTERY WARE ARTICLES." PROAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Murray, of Portobello, in the County of
Mid Lothian, North Britain, and Spencer Orighton, of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention of “IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF EARTHENWARE BOTTLES AND
OTHER EARTHENWARE OR POTTERY WARE ARTICLES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Murray and
Spencer Orighton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 7th October 1874.
We, THOMAS MURRAY, of Portobello, in the County of Mid Lothian,
North Britain, and SPENCER ORIGHTON, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
“IMPROVEMENTS IN Apparatus EmPLOYED IN THE Manufacture of Earthenware
BOTTLES AND OTHER EARTHENWARE OR POTTERYWARE ARTICLES," to be as
follows:-

page_text: by mechanical means, and is particularly applicable in the formation of
bottles.
We employ a rotating table or platform which carries a number of
spindles and throwing "wheels," and a pug mill or other appliance
which delivers a guaged quantity of clay on to each throwing wheel 5
similarly as in previous Inventions. The rotation of the said table
brings each mass of clay near a template which is shaped to impart the
external form to the article, say for example a bottle. The wheel
carrying the mass of clay being caused to revolve a rod is pushed down
into the said mass. The said rod is mounted in slides on a rocking 1
frame, and is actuated by means of a cam or of cams, the said rod
receiving a swiveling and upward and downward movement. The lower
end of the said rod is moved outwardly whereby the mass of clay is
hollowed and spread outwards so as to come into contact with the
aforesaid template, and the rod being moved upwards the clay is 1
gradually moulded into form by the combined actions of the said rod
and template. The movements of the said rod are made suitable to the
required internal form of the article to be moulded. Water is forced
continuously or at intervals through passages in the said template or
rod or in both, and issues on to the acting surface of the said template 2
or rod so as to lubricate the surface of the clay being shaped, or water
may be injected from nozzles or passages on to the surface of the said
clay. We may actuate the throwing wheel by means of a friction wheel
and disc, and move the said friction wheel towards or from the centre of
the said disc by means of a cam or equivalent appliance in order to 2
vary the speed of revolution of the said throwing wheel. When the
bottle is shaped the said rod is withdrawn through the "mouth," and
the said table is rotated to some extent. The formed bottle is then
removed from the throwing wheel and placed on a travelling apron or
on travelling wagons, the use of which constitutes the second part of 3
our Invention. The said apron or wagons is or are employed to convey
the bottles or articles from the forming apparatus and through a heated
drying stove, the temperature of which may be graduated so that the
said bottles are exposed to an increasing heat as they travel outwards.
Such aprons may also be employed in the conveyance of the bottles or 8
articles when a heated stove is not used.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Murray and Spencer Crighton in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 7th April 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME,, we, THOMAS
MURRAY, of Portobello, in the County of Mid Lothian, North Britain,
and SPENCER CRIGHTON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said Thomas Murray and Spencer Orighton, Her
special licence that we, the said Thomas Murray and Spencer Orighton,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
Thomas Murray and Spencer Orighton, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN Apparatus EmpLOYED IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF EARTHENWARE BOTTLES AND OTHER EARTHENWARE OR POTTERY-
WARE ARTICLES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
Thomas Murray and Spencer Orighton, our executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of our or
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Spencer Orighton, for myself and
on behalf of the said Thomas Murray, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying Drawings, that is to say :—
Our Invention relates principally and in the first place to the class of
apparatus in which narrow mouthed earthenware articles are shaped

page_text: into form by mechanical means, and is particularly applicable in the
formation of bottles, but may also be employed in the formation of jars
and other articles of a like nature.
We employ a rotating table or platform which carries a number of
spindles and "throwing wheels," and a pug mill or other appliance which
delivers a guaged quantity of clay on to each throwing wheel similarly
as in previous Inventions. The rotation of the said table brings each
mass of clay near a template or profile which is shaped to impart the
external form to the article, say for example a bottle. The wheel
carrying the mass of clay being caused to revolve a rod is pushed down
into the said mass. The said rod is mounted in a rocking frame and is
caused to swivel by a cam or guide, and the said rod also receives an
upward and downward movement. The lower end of the said rod is
moved outwardly whereby the mass of clay is hollowed and spread
outwards so as to come into contact with the aforesaid profile, and the
rod being moved upwards the clay is gradually moulded into form by
the combined actions of the said rod and profile. The movements of
the said rod are made suitable to the required internal form of the article
to be moulded. Water or other lubricant is forced continuously or at
intervals through passages in the said profile or rod or in both, and
issues on to the acting surface of the said profile or rod so as to
lubricate the surface of the clay being shaped, or water or lubricant
may be injected in the form of spray on to the surface of the said clay.
We prefer to actuate the throwing wheel by means of a friction wheel
ànd disc, and to move the said friction wheel towards or from the centre
of the said disc in order to vary the speed of revolution of the said
throwing wheel. When the bottle is shaped the said rod is withdrawn
through the "mouth," and the said table is rotated to some extent. The
formed bottle is then removed from the throwing wheel and placed on
a travelling apron or on travelling wagons, the use of which constitutes
the second part of our Invention. The said apron or wagons is or are
employed to convey the bottles or articles from the forming apparatus
and through a heated drying stove, the temperature of which may be
uniform or be graduated so that the said bottles are exposed to an
increasing heat as they travel onwards. Such aprons may also be
employed in the conveyance of the bottles or articles when a heated
stove is not used.

page_text: have appended hereunto a Sheet of Drawings illustrative of the manner
in which we may carry our Invention into effect, the said Drawings
being made to a scale of about one-eighth of the full size, and marked
with letters of reference, corresponding marks indicating the same parts
in the various Figures.
Referring in this place to the said Drawings Fig. 1 represents a sido
elevation partly in section, Fig. 2 a front elevation, and Fig. 3 a plan of
a machine adapted to be employed in the manufacture of earthenware
bottles, the remaining Figures, with the exception of Fig. 11, being
illustrative of the action of the various parts.
On a second
worm wheel "
In the said Figures, or in some of them, a is the said revolving table,
which is fixed to the upright shaft b, which is fitted to revolve in a
bearing in the bracket c and in a footstep bearing. On the said shaft is
mounted a bevil wheel d, which imparts motion by frictional contact to
a disc e which is fixed on the said shaft. A shaft fis fitted to revolve in
bearings, and receives motion through the spur gearing 9 from the main
driving shaft h. A clutch i is mounted on the shaft f, and the sliding
portion of the clutch is connected with a bevil pinion j.
motion shaft / is fixed a $6 worm "Z which gears with a
which is fixed or mounted on the cross shaft m, and is connected with
the cam n.
The said cam is thus caused to revolve and acts on a bowl
which is mounted on the link o, as seen in Fig. 4, and the said link is
jointed to a lever p, the fulcrum of which is at p². The said lever is
connected by a connecting rod q with a second lever », which is mounted
on a fulcrum at 8, and is connected with a carriage which is fitted to
slide up and down on a face prepared on the framing A. In the said
carriage is mounted a rocking frame or block u in which is fixed the
aforesaid rod v. The upper end of the said rod carries a bowl or stud
which is acted upon by a fixed cam or shaper w, and also by a slotted
lever which is mounted on a fulcrum at y, and is acted upon by a
spiral spring. A weighted latch or locking lever z engages with a
projection on the said slotted lever, and locks the said lever at certain
times. A stud on the connecting rod q enters a slot in a link a², which
is jointed to a lever b' seen in Fig. 8, which is a section on the line B
in Fig. 1. The said lever is formed with a projection which engages
successively with projecting fingers o' which are fixed to the table a,
whereby the revolution of the said table is arrested at the proper times.
The said lever is connected by a slotted link & with a bell-crank clutch
@

page_text: lever e', which is fitted to move the sliding clutch into and out of gear.
The link d' is formed with a slot of such a length as that the said link
when moving upwards shall not act upon the lever e' until the lever 6¹
has released the finger with which it may at the time be in contact.
When the clutch is in gear a locking lever f' holds the lever e¹ until a
pin on the link a strikes the said locking lever when the said link is
descending, whereby the lever f¹ is disengaged, and being acted upon by
a spring g² moves the clutch out of gear. The table a is formed with
bearings in which spindles formed with or carrying the throwing
wheels ¹, h, are fitted to revolve. On the lower ends of the said
spindles are fixed friction discs, . A friction wheel k¹ is fitted to
slide on the driving shaft h, and is fitted to be moved to and fro by
means of the clip 7, which is fixed to the sliding bar m³. The said sliding
bar is actuated by a bell-crank lever n¹. A stud fixed to the connecting
rod q comes into contact with the said bell-crank lever at a time during
the upward movement of the said rod, and by causing the said lever to
rock on its fulcrum imparts a sliding movement to the bar m², whereby
the said friction wheel is slid in the direction indicated by the arrow. A
spring acting on the lever n¹ effects the return movements of the said
lever bar and friction wheel.
The delivery spout of a pug mill of any ordinary or suitable con-
struction is indicated by the dotted lines at o'.
The action of the machine may be described as follows:-Guaged
masses of clay are supplied by the pug mill to the throwing wheels in
succession, and the table a receives intermittent revolving motions, each
of which brings a freshly charged throwing wheel below the rod v. Sup-
posing a bottle to have been completed, and the lever r to be still rising,
the stud on the said lever will reach the end of the slot in the upper end
of the rod a¹, and the said rod will then be lifted, and the lever b¹ will be
raised until it is clear from contact with the finger c¹. The slot in the
lower end of the link will now have reached the stud on the bell-crank
lever e¹, and the lever 6¹ continuing to rise the lever e¹ is caused to
throw the sliding part of the clutch i into gear with the part which is
fixed on the revolving shaft f, and a revolving motion will be imparted
to the table a. The rod will then be in its highest position, as seen in
Fig. 6, and the lever & will be locked by the lever # with the slot in
lever x in a vertical position. The cam n will now permit the lever r
to descend, and the rod a¹ also descending the lever b¹ is lowered, the
ข

page_text: locking lever f¹ holding the lever e³, and thus maintaining the clutch in
gear. The rod a¹ and the link d¹³ continuing to descend, a pin or pro-
jection carried by the said link strikes on the tail of the locking lever ƒ³,
and thereby effects the release of the lever e³, and the action of the
spring g' will immediately cause the clutch to be thrown out of gear.
The next in succession to the fingers c¹ will now have been arrested by
the lever b¹. If the movement of the bevil wheel & has not ceased at
the time when the movement of the table has been arrested the back of
the said bevil wheel slips on the friction disc c. The movement of the
table a has now presented a freshly charged throwing wheel below the
rod v, and has brought the disc ¹ connected with such throwing wheel
into contact with the revolving friction wheel ³, and the throwing
wheel is thereby caused to revolve. The rodo now descends in a ver-
tical position, being maintained in such position by the slot in the
lever x, and the lower end of the said rod enters the mass of clay on the
throwing wheel, the cam n being in the position indicated in Fig. 4.
When the said rod approaches its lowest position the bowl on the upper
end of the rod comes into contact with the locking lever z, and dis-
engages the said lever from the projection on the slotted lever x. The
last-named lever is now set in motion by the action of the spiral spring,
and carries with it the bowl on the rod until the said bowl bears
against the side of the aperture in the shaper w, as seen in Fig. 5. The
said action of the lever x will have caused the lower end of the rod v to
have moved outwards from the centre of the throwing wheel towards a
profile r³, thereby forming a hollow space within the mass of clay, and
bringing the margin of the hollow mass into contact with the said
profile. The said profile is suitably formed to act upon the mass of clay,
and to impart the outward form to the bottle.
:
We have found a thin profile inclined with respect to the axis of the
throwing wheel, as indicated by Fig. 9, to have a good effect.
Fig. 10 indicates the manner of applying more than one profile.
The parts being in the position as represented in Fig. 5, the continued
action of the cam acting through the levers and connecting rod will
cause the rod v to ascend.
The bowl on the upper end of the rod is maintained in contact with
the cam or shaper w, which is made of the form which will cause 'the
lower end of the rod to impart the desired form to the interior of the

page_text: And, Lastly. The arrangements substantially as and for the purpose
set forth and indicated herein-before when referring to the second part
of our Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said Spencer Orighton, for myself and
on behalf of the said Thomas Murray, have hereunto set my {
hand and seal, this Sixth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.
Signed and sealed by the said
Spencer Orighton, in the
presence of
EDWARD K. DUTTON,
Agent to the Patentees,
3, Princess Street,
Albert Square,
Manchester.
SPENCER CRIGHTON. (L.B.)