Improvements in and relating to Pneumatic or Air-inflated Tyres for Wheels.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Sept., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 26th July, 1893-Accepted, 26th Sept., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Pneumatic or Air-inflated
Tyres for Wheels.
I, WILLIAM GOLDING, of No. 4 Portman Street, Moss Side, Manchester,
Inventor and Patentee do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
It relates; first, to improvements in the method of securing the tyre, or split
or divided outer casing, to the metal rim of the wheel when encircling wires or
bands are employed for this purpose; secondly, to improved means for tightening
up and detachably securing together the ends of encircling wires or bands; and
thirdly to an improved method of and means for detachably connecting together
the contiguous edges of a split or divided tubular tyre or outer casing by spaced
fastenings.
The main object in all cases is to afford means of easy access to an inner inflatible
bladder or tube.
1. Under the first head my improvement has for its object, in addition to facility
of access to the inner tube, such a disposition of the tyre or split or divided outer
casing that is not entirely or even mainly secured to the rim by the encircling wires
as at present, but is mainly secured therein by the contraction of the restraining
envelope of fabric or other material upon the rim, as a result of inflation, nipping
the tyre or outer casing against the rim, or by cementing the whole or part of the
inner curve of the tyre to the rin, or by both of these methods combined. The
tyre or casing is a split or divided tubular ring with the division towards one side
and just under the rim. The shorter side or edge is provided with a wire or other
flexible band of metal, leather, or other suitable material, which may form an
endless band complete in one piece or which may have the ends drawn taut together
and secured by any suitable mechanical means so as to be easily detachable.
The function of the wire or band, in the circumstances described, is merely to
hold the removable edge of the tire in position against lateral displacement. This
arrangement avoids the disadvantages of present wired-on tyres. It has been found
in practice that when the tyre has but a limited bearing surface upon the rim and
the securing is wholly or mainly dependent upon the encircling wires in the edges,
the driving strain either causes play and friction between tyre and rim or the wires
need to be drawn or wedged so tightly round the rim as eventually to cut through
the edges of the tyre.
One great advantage of my tyre placed and secured as herein described is that
it can be fixed to the ordinary crescent or simple curved rim, either solid or hollow,
and does not require specially shaped rims with shoulders, grooves, or hollows,
because the edges of the tyre or casing abut together and are therefore prevented
from moving inwards. The circular or segmental curve towards the edges of the
rim in cross section taken in connection with the proper length of the encircling
wire when it is endless also admits of a very exact adjustment of the tension so
that it shall be amply sufficient for the purpose without being in dangerous excess.
In some cases, particularly when a very light tyre or casing is used, I prefer to use
a rim rolled with a narrow shallow central groove such as is frequently used to
accommodate the heads of the spokes. I then form and vulcanize on the tyre a
corresponding convex projection or cord of rubber to fit in it so as to ensure the
tyre being placed in its proper position on the rim and to prevent it from twisting.
The wire or band is preferably folded within the edge of the fabric lining the tyre.
In a modification, the division in the tyre, instead of being near the single
cncircling wire or band, may be at or near the centre of the rim, and this division

page_text: may also be a straight or bevelled cut or may be formed by the edges overlapping.
In this case the wire is folded in or covered by the fabric at some short distance
from the edge in the proper position to suit the rim.
In an alternative arrangement of the preceding a wire or band is used on both
sides.
The single or double wire or band in the positions I have described may in some
cases have the ends secured to the rim, or it or they may be similarly secured in
sections.
2. The second head relates to improved means for tightening up and detachably
securing the ends of such encircling wires which are not in one continuous ring,
and is also applicable generally for such purpose in other tyres where encircling
wires or bands are used. The ends of the wires or bands are bent up or bushed or
otherwise terminated with short studs, slightly hooked, which when the tyre is
in position on the rim project through a hole or through holes in the side of
the rim.
These studs are drawn together by means of a tool shaped like pair of nippers,
the longer legs of which may be screwed together. A bucking or clasping ring is
then placed over the hooked studs and the tool withdrawn. In an alternative
arrangement the ends of the wire or band are crossed and the studs connected
together by two short hinged links forming a V shaped toggle joint. When the
toggle is bent into a V, preferably outwards, the wire or band is relaxed, and when
the toggle is straightened the wire or band is taut. The toggle is arranged so that
when the band is taut it is bent slightly inwards towards the spokes. It is then
held firmly in that position by the tension. The toggle may be either in sight
on the inner curve of the rim or it may be hidden between the tyre and rim.
3. The third head relates to a method of securing the edges of a split or
divided tubular tyre together by spaced fastenings independent of direct attach-
ment to the rim. It is more particularly suitable for cheaper tyres constructed of
rubber compounds, which may be colored, and which contain more substance and
weight than is usual with pneumatic tyres.
The object is to detachably secure the tyre in an ordinary shaped rim without
any special adaptation of the rim for the purpose.
The edges of the tyre meet or overlap either at or towards the centre of the
base of the rim or towards one edge and are secured together at intervals by means
of tying, lacing, wiring, buckling, clasping, hooking, looping or other similar means
so as to prevent lateral displacement, the main securing being effected by circum-
ferential contraction of the restraining envelope as a result of inflation. When it
is required to gain access to the inner tube at any part, the tyre at that part is
pulled out of and over the edge of the rim so as to expose the inner curve of the
tyre and the spaced fastenings in it which are unfastened and the inner tube
partly pulled out and repaired if required. In this case the tyre is preferably
constructed of smaller size than the rim, that is the diameter of the ring of the
tyre is sensibly less than the diameter of the rim so that the contraction under
inflation is reinforced by the natural contraction of the mass of the rubber under
tension.
Tinted this with dow of Cantanha 1000
.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Pneumatic or Air-inflated
Tyres for Wheels.
I, WILLIAM GOLDING, of Ottawa Villa, Manley Road, Whalley Range, near
Manchester, Inventor and Patentee do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
5
It relates; first to improvements in the method of securing the tyre, or split or 5

page_text: divided outer casing, to the metal rim of the wheel when encircling wires or band:
are employed for this purpose; secondly to improved means for tightening up and
detachably securing together the ends of encircling wires or bands.
On Sheet 1, of the drawings hereunto annexed and forming part of this Specifi-
cation, Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 illustrate in transverse section the tyre or outer
casing t, inner air tube i, metal rim r, and encircling wires to', w³, embodying the
part of my invention under the first head. Fig. 5 illustrates partly in transverse
section and partly in broken perspective a modification of the same and also one of
the methods under the second head. Fig. 7 shews a view of an alternative detail of
construction.
On Sheet 2, the figures illustrate the linked coupling under the second head.
Figs. 8 and 11 are plan views, Figs. 9, 10, and 12 are elevations shewing the links
closed and the connected wires or bands drawn taut. Figs. 13, 14, and 15 are also
elevations shewing the links open and the wires or bands relaxed. Figs. 8, 9, and 13
represent the same form in the different positions; Figs. 10, 11, and 14, and Figs. 12
Fig. 16 is a diagram
and 15 represent respectively two modifications of the same.
illustrating an alternative method of connecting the parts.
On Sheet 3 the figures illustrate a complete tyre and rim with one form of linked
coupling, combining the parts of my invention under the 1st and 2nd heads. Fig. 17
shews partly in transverse section and partly in broken perspective a tyre and rim
with one side of the tyre partly removed from the rim in the neighbourhood of the
coupling in order to shew more clearly the construction. Fig. 18 is a plan view of
the linked coupling, opening laterally with the wire or band relaxed. Fig. 184 is a
similar view shewing the same closed, with the wire or band taut.
illustrates the same in elevation in position on a tyre and rim.
Fig. 19
1. Under the first head my improvement has for its object, in addition to facility
of access to the inner tube, such a disposition of the tyre or split or divided outer
casing that it is not entirely or even mainly secured to the rim by the encircling
wires as at present, but is mainly secured therein by the contraction of the
restraining envelope of woven fabric or other material upon the rim as a result of
inflation nipping the tyre or outer casing against the rim, or by cementing the
whole or part of the inner curve of the tyre to the rim, or by both of these methods
combined. The tyre or casing t is a split or divided tubular ring with the division
towards one side and just under the rim, see j, Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 5. The shorter
side or edge is provided with a wire or other flexible band of metal w¹, (or in some
cases leather or other suitable material may be used) which may form an endless
band complete in one piece or which may have the ends drawn taut together and
secured by any suitable mechanical means so as to be easily detachable.
The function of the wire or band, in the circumstances described, is merely to
hold the removable edge of the tyre in position against lateral displacement. This
arrangement avoids the disadvantages of present wired-on tyres. It has been
found in practice that when the tyre has but a limited bearing surface upon the
rim and the securing is wholly or mainly dependent upon the encircling wires in
the edges, the driving strain either causes play and friction between tyre and rim
or the wires need to be drawn or wedged so tightly round the rim as eventually
to cut through the edges of the tyre. One great advantage of iny tyre placed and
secured as herein described is that it can be fixed to the ordinary crescent or
simple curved rim either solid as illustrated in the drawings, or hollow of any
known make.
In addition to relieving the wire from the driving strain it is also relieved from
the excessive tension to which it is now subjected when placed on an inclined
margin of increasing circumference along which it is forced and strained by the air
pressure and by road shocks and stresses. The circular or segmental curve towards
the edges of the rim in cross section, as shewn over the wire in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6,
and 7, taken in connection with the proper length of the encircling wire when it is
endless, admits of a very exact adjustment of the tension so that it shall be amply
Whether the wire
sufficient for the purpose without being in dangerous excess.

page_text: be endless or with ends detachably connected, the wired edge is driven along the
inclined plane of the rim, or of the rim and tyre together, until it falls into the
curved margin. There it is relieved of further tension, as it presses laterally and
inwards against the rim edge. By preference I use both these arrangements in
combination as shewn in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, but I may use the arrangement last
described with other tyres such for instance as the well known arched type with
wired edges as represented in Figs. 6 and 17. Figs. 4, 6, and 17 shew a depression
at the centre of the rim adapted for withdrawing endless wires. As the margins
of the rim are shallower this depression may also be much shallower than usual.
The rim is thus stronger to resist side strains and may be made lighter, and as the
rim is flatter almost the whole of the air space is free for cushioning.
In some cases, particularly when a very light tyre or casing is used I prefer to
use a rim rolled with a narrow shallow central groove such as is frequently used to
accommodate the heads of the spokes, see Figs. 3, and 5. I then form and vulcanize
on, or otherwise attach to, the tyre a corresponding convex projection or cord of
rubber c to fit in it so as to ensure the tyre being placed in its proper position on
the rim and to prevent it from twisting.
The wire or band is preferably folded within the edges of the fabric lining the
tyre. It may be entirely loose therein or partly fast to the casing edges and partly
loose to allow of sufficient differential movement when the casing is expanded to
remove it from the rim.
In a modification, the division in the tyre, instead of being near the single
encircling wire or band as in Fig. 2, may be at or near the centre of the rim as in
Fig. 3, and this division may also be a straight or bevelled cut, as at ; Fig. 3 or
may be formed by the edges overlapping, as at ; Fig. 4. In this case the wire is
folded in, or covered by, the fabric at some short distance from the edge in the
proper position to suit the rim. In an alternative arrangement of the preceding a
wire or band is used on both sides.
2. The second head relates to improved means for tightening up and detachably
securing the ends of such encircling wires which are not in one continuous ring,
and also applicable generally for such purpose in other tyres where encircling
wires or bands are used. The ends of the wires or bands are bent up or bushed or
otherwise terminated with short studs, preferably slightly hooked, which when the
tyre is in position on the rim project through a hole (see Fig. 5) or through holes
in the side of the rim. These studs s¹, are drawn together in any convenient
way, such for instance as by any form of the linked coupling shewn on Sheets 2
and 3.
A buckling or clasping ring is then placed over the studs so as to secure
them together. This ring may be hinged to the rim. The necessary stretch in
the tyre is represented as being provided for by the elastic gore n.
In an alternative arrangement the ends of the wire or band are crossed and the
studs connected by two short hinged or pivotted links forming a ▼ shaped toggle
joint, see Fig. 8, 9, and 13. When the toggle or linked coupling is bent into a V
as in Fig. 13 the wire or band is relaxed, and when the linked coupling is
straightened as in Fig. 9 the wire or band is taut. Figs. 10, 11, and 14 illustrate
a slight modification in which the ends of the wire may be crossed both when
taut or relaxed, or which when relaxed may be turned over in the opposite direction
so as to separate the ends of the wire as in Fig. 13 thus obtaining double the reach.
In the figures indicates the lever, y the pivot of the joint y z, and x, z, the pivots
of the two ends of the wires a¹, x². In some cases the joint y z may be dispensed
with as is shewn by Figs. 12 and 15, a part of the wire bending up and acting
in place of a pivot. This however is not so desirable as it is apt to kink and break
the wire. As previously referred to herein the wire or band may have the ends
secured to the rim. Such an arrangement is shewn diagrammatically in Fig. 16.
A longitudinal section of the rim edge is indicated by the curved liner. The
ends of the wire a anz are crossed. One ende is hooked or buttoned to the rim.
One end is likewise pivotted to the rim and this forms the fulcrum of the lever 1.
This arrangement is however not so desirable as the others. As previously

page_text: may
described with reference to Fig. 15 the joint y, may be left out and the end
be directly pivotted to y. The examples upon Sheet 2 are adapted only for a
movement outward from the rim in a plane parallel or approximately parallel to
the plane of revolution of the wheel, but they may be pivotted to move outwards
from the rim in a plane perpendicular or approximately perpendicular to such plane
of revolution. This position is illustrated by Figs. 18, 18, and 19.
Fig. 17 illustrates a tyre t having the ends of the wire ww2 crossed and bent or
bushed into studs projecting through the casing edge as described in my
Specification No. 5667 of 1891, but instead of being passed through round holes in
the rim they are put through the slots el e². The elasticity of the tyre tightens
them up somewhat, they are then drawn forcibly together by the linked coupling.
If the studs are slightly hooked the coupling remains in situ without nuts or any
other fastening. The linked coupling is arranged so that when the band is taut it
is bent slightly inwards. It is then held firmly in that position by the tension. In
the form illustrated on Sheet 2 the tension tends to pull the coupling down upon the
rim, and in the form illustrated on Sheet 3 it tends to bend it inwards towards the
spokes but as this movement is stopped by the lever / bedding against the projecting
joint of the pivot at sit becomes firmly locked. The linked coupling may be
either in sight on the inner curve of the rim or it may be hidden between the tyre
and rim. The wire or band of which it forms a part or to which it is connected
may simply wrap round a flange or projection on the tyre and bind it down to the
rim. It sometimes occurs in practice, particularly when a strong wire is used that
the wire becomes kinked by careless handling and as a result it is too short. In
other cases where too thin a wire is used for the sake of lightness it becomes
stretched. This difficulty may obviously be met by making one end adjustable.
Fig. 7 illustrates an arrangement for this purpose and is particularly suitable for
the studded end of the wire shewn in Figs. 5, 16, and 17. The studs is fast on
the loose sleeve K. The wire w is thickened at the end and screwed through the
sleeve. It is then fixed firmly by the two small lock-nuts n¹ n².
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
1 claim is :-
1. In a pneumatic tyre having a detachable casing, securing the said casing to
the rim of the wheel by means of an encircling wire or band, or by wires or bands,
the ends of which are linked together by a coupling, having two or more pivots,
adapted to tighten up when turned in one direction and loosen when turned in the
other, substantially as set forth.
2. In a pneumatic tyre having a detachable casing attached to the rim of the
wheel by an encircling wire or band, or by wires or bands, the means for tightening
or relaxing such wire or band, or wires or bands, consisting of a linked or pivotted
coupling capable of being automatically locked in position by the tension,
substantially as set forth.
3. In a pneumatic tyre having a detachable casing attached to the rim of the
wheel by an encircling wire turned up at the ends with studs projecting through
the rim, detachably securing the ends of the said wire together by a clasping ring,
substantially as set forth.
4. In a pneumatic tyre having a detachable casing, attaching the said casing to
the rim of the wheel by means of wires or bands encased in the edges or sides of
the tyre, the said wires or bands being under the stress of tension modified by
pressure acting radially inwards against the curved edges of a shallow concave rim,
substantially as set forth.
5. In a pneumatic tyre, the combination of the shallow concave rim r having
curved margins; of the casing t forming a complete circuit in cross section divided
towards one side at j and capable of circumferential contraction upon inflation; of
the encircling wire w¹ or wires w¹³ 10²; and of the independent air tube i,
substantially as set forth.

page_text: 6. In a pneumatic tyre, the combination of the concave rim having a central
circumferential groove; of the casing t having a corresponding central circum-
ferential cord on the inner curve, and divided at j; of the wire or band w¹ or w
and w; and of the independent air tube i, substantially as forth.
7. The improvements in pneumatic tyres and rims, substantially as hereinbefore
described and illustrated by Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6.
8. The general arrangement and combination of parts forming an automatic
linked coupling for use with wired pneumatic tyres, substantially as herein before
described and illustrated by Figs. 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 18 and 19.
9. The general arrangement and combination of parts constituting my improve-
ments in pneumatic tyres and rims and the method and means for detachably
securing them together, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated
by Fig. 5.
10. The general arrangement and combination of parts constituting my improve-
ments in pneumatic tyres and rims and the method aud means for detachably
securing them together, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by
Figs. 17, 18, 18, and 19.
WM. GOLDING.