IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PUNCHING METALS, AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SPRINGS FOR CARRIAGES AND OTHER USES
Year: 1850

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POOLE, of the Patent Office, London, Gentleman, send greeting.
ARVOLD
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the First day of June,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty, in the thirteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Moses Poole, my exors, admors, and assigns, Her especial license, full power,
sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Moses Poole, my exors, adñiors,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Moses Poole, my exors, admors, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
PUNCHING METALS, AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SPRINGS FOR CARRIAGES AND
OTHER USES," communicated to me from abroad; in which said Letters Patent
is contained a proviso, that I, the said Moses Poole, shall cause a particular
description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to

page_text: be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters
Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully
and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Moses Poole, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked
thereon, that is to say:-
The nature of the Invention consists of improvements in machinery for
punching metals, which improvements are also applicable to a variety of
purposes in which force or pressure is required. The principal feature con-
sists in the employment of a series of eccentric wheels or excentric sectors
in combination with a roller or rollers, so operating that friction is almost
wholly overcome, and from which fact I call it an antifriction press. The con-
struction is as follows:-Figure 1 is a side elevation of a punching machine, a
part being in section; Figure 2 is an end view of another form of press;
Figure 3 is a transverse section of that represented in Figure 2; Figures 4,
5, 6, are Diagrams illustrative of the principles employed. The machine
shewn in Figure 1 consists of a strong frame of iron or other suitable material
represented at A. Between the vertical posts of the frame are placed two
excentric sectors (b, 6',) the bearing points of which terminate in acute angles,
as shewn. The object of this form is to prevent friction. The space between
the dotted line and the edge serves to shew the angle or eccentricity of the
curve. The sector (6) has its bearing point upon a strong immoveable cross
beam (c), while that of (6) rests upon a moveable piece or follower (d),
which plays in guides, and has a spiral or other suitable spring attached, to
throw it up after it has been depressed by the action of the sectors upon it.
Between the sectors is a roller (e), having a lever attached to the shaft upon
which it is placed. The ends of this shaft work in slots, cut vertically in
each post of the frame, so as to admit of a slight up-and-down motion, but of
none laterally. The operation is as follows:-A punch or die being put
in the point of the follower (d), a plate of metal or other material to be
operated upon is placed upon the bed beneath, rotary motion is then given
(in the direction indicated) to the roller by means of the lever, which causes
the roller to act upon the excentric sectors (b, 61,) by rolling over their edges,
this movement produces a depression of the follower (d), to a distance equal

page_text: to the sum of the excentricities on each sector, and consequently urges the
punch or die placed in it through the plate beneath. Figures 2 and 3 are
views of a machine exhibiting a variation or an extension of the principle
employed in the first, the object being to produce greater traverse of the
follower. It will be seen that the roller e is made to operate upon a pair of
excentric wheels (f, g,) instead of acting upon sectors, as before described.
The excentrics are placed upon shafts whose ends pass through slots in the
side framing, in order to allow of a vertical motion without any lateral play; on
either side of the excentrics the shafts are turned up to form rollers, as seen
(at i, i, Figure 2; from this point they rest upon sectors (k, k,) whose edges
are not eccentric, like those in Figure 1, but circular, their use being to
diminish friction. The operation is effected by revolving the roller (e) until
the excentrics shall have made one revolution, when the follower (d) will have
been depressed to a distance equal to the sum of the excentricities on (f, g).
Figure 4 is a Diagram shewing another modification of the same principle.
In this case, instead of the centre roller, a double excentric is substituted,
acting upon sectors, whose edges are circular, and it is a useful form for
some purposes; Figures 4 and 5 are Diagrams illustrative of the machines
shewn in Figures 1, 2, and 3, and are therefore already sufficiently described.
Although the description thus far related only to punching, it is evident
that my machine is capable of being applied to many other useful purposes in
which pressure or force is required, viz., pressing of moulds or dies, embossing.
straightening or curving iron rails or plates, cutting metals, raising weights,
&c. &c., all of which may be performed by attaching to the follower the proper
tools for those purposes.
I have now set forth the nature of the first part of the Invention which
has been communicated to me from abroad, and described the methods which
I prefer for operating the same, and although I do not intend to limit myself
to the precise construction of parts herein set forth, but wish to vary the same
as may be required by the peculiar character of the work to be performed;
yet I wish to claim as the Invention secured to me under the herein-before
in part recited Letters Patent, the combination of the central roller with two
excentric wheels or excentric sectors, so as to operate upon opposite sides of
-said roller, as described.
Secondly, I claim the combination of sectors having their edges circular
instead of excentric, to diminish friction, in the manner set forth, whether the
same are combined with excentric wheels, as shewn in Figures 2 and 3, or
with a central excentric roller, as shown in Figure 4.

page_text: I will now describe the second part of the Invention, which consists in
forming an endless metallic spring for carriages and all purposes for which
such springs are applicable. The peculiarities are to be found in the method
of treating the spring metal in making the spring, so that after producing a
variety of curves from a narrow strip of the metal, the ends should terminate
and be firmly attached by brazing, welding, or other suitable device upon
some part of the main body of the piece itself, the effect produced being such
that vibration of the spring, instead of running out at the ends as in common
springs, will pass to the points where they are joined to the main body, and
react upon it with a certain intensity, tending to maintain the vibration. By
compounding the curves, which can be done in numerous ways, very great
leverage is produced in the spring itself, so that much greater pressure can
be sustained by it safely, compared with the weight of metal used, than in
the old way.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS, SHEET 2.
Figure 1 represents one of the most simple forms of the spring; it is made
of a strip of spring steel curved so as to form two circles, held together by a
semi-elliptical band. a is the axis supporting the spring, and at 6 is the
proper place to apply the power, or vice versa, the support may be at b, and
the power or weight at a. The spring cannot be crushed if overpowered, so
that should be forced upon a, the parts will come together without collapsing,
the removal of the weights restoring it to its first position, and the same may
be said of all the other forms; Figure 2 is similar to Figure 1, the forms
being varied in the two outside curves, so as to increase the leverage; Figure 3
represents a spring with an increased number of curves c, d, e, f, acting as
levers, the plates being joined at i, i; Figure 4 is a view of another variation
in the shape of the spring, of which numerous forms may be multiplied,
according to the circumstances of application.
What I claim as this part of the Invention is the giving to the plate or
strip of metal such forms and shapes as shall cause the ends of the strip to
terminate upon the body of the same, and be united to, for the purpose of
forming an endless spring, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Moses Poole, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty.
MOSES (L.S.) POOLE.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-ninth day of November,
in the year of our Lord 1850, the aforesaid Moses Poole came before our
said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Thirtieth day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty.