Process for the Production of a Material" for Making Floors, Plastering, Ceilings, Walls, Roofs, and the like, without Joints or Chinks.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Dec. 1896-Accepted, 3rd Apr., 1897
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Process for the Production of a Material" for Making Floors,
Plastering, Ceilings, Walls, Roofs, and the like, without Joints
or Chinks.
I, OTTO KRANER, Manufacturer, a subject of the King of Saxony, residing in
Einsiedel, near Chemnitz in the Kingdom of Saxony, German Empire do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to he
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
Process for the production of a material for making floors, plastering ceilings,
walls roofs and the like without joints or chinks.
The present invention concerns a process for the production of a material for
making Hoors, ceilings walls and the like without joiuts or chinks, which is by the
inventor called papyrolith.
Under the name papyrolith is understood a material which is composed of the
residue or leavings after the making of paper or asbestus, chloride of magnesium
and fibrous substances, more especially acidproof Canadian asbest and which
together with magnesia or carbonates of magnesia composes an isolating, water,
fire, and acidproof product or substance.
These leavings or the remaining paper pulp after the paper, or asbest product
has been made therefrom contain 70% of water and have, up to the present time,
never been used for any similar material.
These paper leavings comprise the foundation or main thing in the making of
papyrolith, which it is impossible to produce without.
The mixing of the composite parts for the production of papyrolith is as
follows viz.:
A certain amount of chloride of magnesium is placed in a vessel of some kind or
other and is then diluted with water, after which this solution is mixed with the
paper or ashest leavings.
The thickness of this composition depends entirely upon the use to which it is
to be put, that is to say, if the composition is to be used as a substitute for stone
or as a substitute for wood.
60% chloride of magnesium
10% paper or asbest leavings or residue
30% water.
To reduce the hygroscopic working of the chloride of magnesium, ground clay
infusorial earth, mineral or vegetable dust, furthermore for isolating as also sound
deadening purposes, ground cork, turf, bark, sawdust, ground paper, asbest or
silicious earth etc. is mixed with the preparation.
At the place where the preparation is to be used it is then mixed with magnesia
or carbonates of magnesia and made plastic with water, after which it is ready for
use. For the upper layer the asbest fibrous matter is to be recommended as this
produces a thoroughly solid, as well as elastic acidproof surface.
The Canadian asbest fibrous matter which is used for the upper layer is the only
kind of acid proof asbest, which can be mixed with "papyrolith" so as to make
this preparation suitable for chemical factories and laboratories.

page_text: Should the papyrolith be required very elastic, as for instance for floor covering,
the filling material such as sawdust ought to be cleared of its resinous albuminous
and starchy matters which propend to putrefaction.
Besides the elasticity and plastic which the filling material reaches after this
manipulation it gains a high degree of sterility, in consequence of which the
produced papyrolith can remain in stock for a long period without its becoming
rotten or unfit for use.
The principal worth or feature of this invention lies
1, in the mixing of chloride of magnesium with paper or asbest leavings which
causes the filling material as sawdust etc., when mixed herewith, to become pliable
and prepared for a mortar or cement like applying;
.2, in the use of the acidproof Canadian asbest, which sort of asbest has only just
lately been brought into the European market.
If the paper or asbest leavings were not used, that is to say the filling up
matter simply mixed with chloride of magnesium the material would not harden
without a considerable amount of pressure being brought to bear upon it for a
length of time.
Should, in the upper layer, asbest not be used and instead thereof, as with many
other magnesia products (xylolith slabs for instance) sawdust, bark, cork etc. to
be used, the surface would remain porous and gravelly.
The mixing of this paper or asbest residue with the chloride of magnesium
solution causes a change therein so that the final product which is gained by the
addition of filling material is immediately ready for being applied as a good paste
pavement, this residuary paper matter (paper and asbest leavings) is therefore not
to be classed as filling up matter, as against sawdust, bark etc.
. As already remarked the filling matter after being impregnated with the
mixture of chloride of magnesium and the residuary paper matter remains pliable.
It can therefore be allowed to dry and then broken up as required, whereas the
same filling matter if simply mixed with chloride of magnesium (without the paper
residue) and then allowed to dry, becomes brittle and if again made into a nortar
like state, swells out, which papyrolith does not do, but retains the same volume
as before.
In consequence thereof and also that the dry material papyrolith after being
reduced again to the mortar like state, still retains the features which were
imparted to it in mixing, and taking into consideration that the papyrolith in a dry
state is 50% lighter than, when first mixed, it is claimed for it, that this is a
material which can be sent long distances, exported etc. with ease. A material of
this nature is up to the present time unknown.
With this papyrolith-composition it is possible to pave large spaces without
joints and without the use of pressure, and for which purposes cement, asphalt,
plaster of Paris (gypsum) have up to now been used, but none of these compositions
can compare with papyrolith as regards durability, warmth and sound deadening
qualities, as also the possibility of production in any required color.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. The process of producing a material for making floors, plastering, ceilings
and the like, which consists in mixing a solution of chloride of magnesium with
paper pulp residua, and then adding filling matter, substantially as set forth.
2. The process of producing a material for making floors, plastering, ceilings
and the like, which consists in mixing a solution of chloride of magnesium with
asbest residua, and then adding filling matter, substantially as described.
3. The process of producing a material for making Hoors, plastering, ceilings
and the like, which consists in mixing a solution of chloride of magnesium with
paper pulp residua, then adding filling matter, then adding magnesia and then
adding water, substantially as set forth.

page_text: 4. The process of producing a material for making floors, plastering, ceilings.
and the like which consists in mixing a solution of chloride of magnesium with
asbest residua, then adding filling matter, then adding carbonate of magnesia and
then adding water, substantially as set forth.
5. The process of producing a material for making floors, plastering ceilings
and the like, which consists in mixing a solution of chloride of magnesium with
asbest residua, then adding filling matter, then adding magnesia and then adding.
water, substantially as described.
6. The process of producing a material for making floors, plasterings, ceilings
and the like, which consists in mixing a solution of chloride of magnesium with
paper pulp residua, then adding filling matter then adding carbonate of magnesia
and then adding water, substantially as described.
7. Floors, ceilings, walls, roofs and the like made of a material produced by the-
process described.
Dated this 20th day of December 1896.
FELIX F. LOEPER,
At Dresden, 5 Seestrasse, Saxony, Agent..

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Dec., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 24th Sept, 1897-Accepted, 30th Oct., 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Metallic Spring Keys for Securing Railway Rails
I, ANGUS MURRAY of The Anderston Foundry Company, Limited, 100 Cheapside
Street, in the City of Glasgow, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
Invention to be as follows:--
The Invention which relates to metallic spring keys for securing railway rails to
their supporting chairs or sleepers, has for its object to increase their strength and
elasticity while it lessens their weight.
Such keys have hitherto been made by helically winding a solid bar or strip of
iron or steel of rectangular or similar cross section around a suitably shaped mandrel
to bring it to the desired form. Under my Invention I employ a strip or bar of iron
or steel rolled to a channeled or corrugated section which is helically wound around
a mandrel in the case of a channel section with the channeled side preferably next
the mandrel so that the flange like edges bear thereon, and whilst the key is of
practically the saine external diameter and is strengthened by the ribs or flanges
at each edge of the bar, its weight is reduced and the strength maintained. When
a corrugated strip or bar is used it is similarly wound around the shaping mandrel,
but with one edge of the corrugated strip overlapping the edge of the strip
adjoining so that the strips are bound together by the overlapped corrugations
which thus forn a bond, a strong and like key possessing great elasticity being thus
produced, while the holding effect of keys thus formed is further increased by taking
advantage of such corrugations against the jaws of the chair or sleeper.
WALLACE FAIRWEATHER,
Of the Firm of Cruikshank & Fairweather,
Chartered Patent Agents,
Saint Vincent Street, Glasgow, Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Metallic Spring Keys for Securing Railway Rails.
I, ANGUS MURRAY of The Anderston Foundry Company, Limited, 100 Cheapside
Street, in the City of Glasgow, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to he particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The Invention which relates to metallic spring keys for securing railway rails to
their supporting chairs or sleepers, has for its object to increase their strength and
elasticity while it lessens their weight.
The Invention is illustrated by the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 being a
transverse section and Figure 2 a longitudinal elevation partly in section of the

page_text: improved metallic spring key for securing railway rails, Figures 3 and 4, and 5 and
6 are views corresponding respectively to Figures 1 and 2 and showing two modified
forms of bar used in making the key.
Such keys have hitherto been made by helically winding a solid bar or strip. of
iron or steel of rectangular or similar cross section around a suitably shaped
mandrel to bring it to the desired form. Under my Invention I employ a strip or
bar A of iron or steel rolled to a channeled section as shewn at Figures 1 and 2
or to a corrugated section as at Figures 3 to 6 which is helically wound around a
mandrel in the case of a channel section with the channeled side preferably next
the mandrel so that the flange-like edges A¹ bear thereon, and whilst the key is
of practically the same external dimensions it is strengthened by the ribs or
flanges A¹ at each edge of the bar, its weight being thus reduced whilst the strength
is maintained. When a corrugated strip or bar is used as at Figures 3 to 6 it is
similarly wound around the shaping mandrel, but preferably with one edge A2 of
the corrugated strip A overlapping the edge A3 of the strip adjoining so that the
strips may be bound together by the overlapped corrugations which would then
form a bond; a strong and light key possessing great elasticity being thus
produced, while the holding effect of keys so formed is further increased by taking
advantage of such corrugations against the jaws of the chair or sleeper.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
The improved metallic spring key for securing railway rails, constructed of a strip
of channeled or corrugated section substantially as described, the section being of
such form as will give the greatest strength and elasticity, while the sides or
edges of the strip may either abut or overlap to form a bond as may suit the
required form of key.
Dated this 23rd day of Santamber 1897
WALLACE FAIRWEATHER,
Of the Firm of Cruikshank & Fairweather,
Chartered Patent Agents,
62 Saint Vincent Street, Glasgow, Agent for the Applicant.