Improvements in Motive Power Engines Operated by Fluid Pressure.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Nov., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 26th Mar., 1892-Accepted, 14th May, 1892
Improvements in Motive Power Engines Operated by Fluid
Pressure.
I GEORGE CAWLEY of Grangethorpe Manor Road Beckenham in the County
of Kent Civil and Mechanical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
:-
My invention has for its object to provide an efficient and very compact arrange-
ment of fluid pressure motive power engine.
The engine made according to my invention is double acting, consisting of two
pistons working in a cylinder the motive fluid being admitted at both ends of the
said cylinder and being regulated in admission and exhaust by a circular valve or
lise which is actuated by one end of the crank shaft and may be formed and
adjusted so as to allow of the suitable cut off or expansion of the working fluid.
The bearings and crank shaft are arranged between the pistons so that no glands
need be used the working parts of the motor being enclosed in a metallic casing
of which the cylinder and valve chest form parts. The crank shaft is fitted with a
driving or fly wheel and is supported in bearings formed by projections on the
cylinder walls.
The reciprocating motion of the pistons is converted into the rotatory motion of
the crank shaft by means of a slotted link attached to or forming part of the
pistons or by a connecting rod or by connecting rods. In order to provide for
variable expansion I may mount above the valve a plate with a port in it corre-
sponding to that through the valve so that by turning this plate the expansion can
be regulated as required. It can be turned by gearing capable of being operated
from outside the casing. To govern the engine I may use a governor enclosed in
the casing into which the motive fluid is admitted.
The inlet pipe for the motive fluid may be perforated and have surrounding it a
sleeve with arms in which are ports for the motive fluid to pass through to the
valve. This sleeve (with the arms) rotates with the valve and upon the arms are
weights which as the engine increases in speed move out and contract the way for
the motive fluid. The weights may move out against a spring tending to return
them the said spring preferably acting on links connected to the weights and by
other links to the sleeve. The pin by which the connection of the links with the
springs is obtained preferably adjustable (to adjust the tension of the springs)
which may be effected by enclosing the spring in a box to which the links are
connected the said box sliding upon the sleeve aforesaid and being adjustable from
outside.
1 1
تيحد
า
1001
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Motive Power Engines Operated by Fluid
Pressure.
I GEORGE CAWLEY of Grangethorpe Manor Road Beckenham in the County
of Kent Civil and Mechanical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention has for its object to provide an efficient and very compact arrange-
ment of fluid pressure motive power engine. The engine made according t, my
D

page_text: invention is double acting consisting of two pistons working in a cylinder the
motive fluid being admitted at both ends of the said cylinder and being regulated
in admission and exhaust by a circular valve or disc which is actuated by one end
of the crank shaft and may be formed and adjusted so as to allow of the suitable
cut-off, or expansion, of the working fluid. The bearings and crank shaft are
arranged between the pistons so that no gland need be used the working parts of
the motor being enclosed or contained in a metallic casing of which the cylinder
and valve-chest form parts. The crank shaft is fitted with a driving or fly wheel
and is supported in bearings formed by projections on the cylinder walls.
The reciprocating motion of the pistons is converted into the rotary motion of
the crank shaft by means of a slotted link attached to, or forming part of, the
pistons; or by a connecting rod, or by connecting rods. In order to provide for
variable expansion I may mount next the valve a plate with ports in it corre-
sponding to those through the valve so that by turning this plate the expansion
can be regulated as required. It can be turned by a governor operated by the
engine or by gearing capable of being operated from outside the casing. To
govern the engine I may use a governor enclosed in the casing into which the
motive fluid is admitted. The inlet pipe for the motive fluid may be perforated
and have surrounding it a sleeve with arms in which are ports for the motive fluid
to pass through to the valve. This sleeve (with the arms) rotates with the valve
and upon the arms are weights which as the engine increases in speed move out
and contract the passages for the motive fluid. The weights may move out against
springs tending to return them the said springs preferably acting on links con-
nected to the weights, and, by other links to the sleeve. The tension of the springs
is preferably adjustable from the outside as hereinafter described.
And in order that my said invention may be fully understood I shall now proceed
more particularly to describe the same and for that purpose shall refer to the
several figures on the annexed drawings the same letters of reference indicating
corresponding parts in all the figures.
Figure 1 is a horizontal section, Figure 2 a vertical section and Figure 3 a plan
of an engine constructed according to my invention.
Figure 4 is a plan and Figure 5 is an elevation of the governor and motive fluid
chest and
Figure 6 shews the expansion plate for the valve and a means for adjusting it by
hand.
A is the main casting constituting the double acting cylinder consisting in
effect of two single acting cylinders A¹ A². B is the casting with the steam and
exhaust ports and C is the casting containing the governor and constituting the
motive fluid chest.
ua are two pistons one working in each of the cylinders A' A², the motive fluid
being admitted at the outer ends of the said cylinders by the ports and being
regulated in admission and exhaust by a circular valve, or disc, c, which is
actuated by one end of the crank shaft, which works in bearings e, in projections
on the casting A, between the cylinders A', A2, and pistons a, a, and, as the motive
fluid does not enter the space between the two pistons, no glands need be used for
the shaft.
The valve c, is of cup shape with the inlet passage ² through it for passing
motive fluid from the inlet i and chest C to the ports. The exhaust is through
the port c³ through the interior of the cup-valve and through the passage c* to the
exhaust passage D. The crank-shaft is fitted with a driving, or fly wheel g. The
reciprocating motion of the pistons a, a, is converted into the rotatory motion of
the crank shaft by means of the block 2, on the crank, engaging, and capable of
moving transversely, (as the crank revolves), in a slotted link h, attached to the
pistons a, a, by the frame like connections ² which, being situated at some
distance on either side of the centre of the pistons, prevent distortion by non-
central thrust. In order to provide for variable expansion I mount next the valve,
and so that it can be moved in a circular direction between the parts b² c³ of the

page_text: castings, a plate d, with ports d³, d², in it corresponding to those through the valve
so that the expansion may be varied by turning this plate by means of the worm d³
engaging with the teeth d on the edge of the plate the shaft of the worm extending
through a suitable stuffing box and gland to outside the engine and there being
provided with a hand-wheel d³ for turning it.
C
To govern the engine I use a governor which may be enclosed in the chest C.
The inlet pipe i, for the motive fluid, is perforated at 2, and has, surrounding it, a
sleeve with arms, in which are ports 13, for the motive fluid to pass through to
the chest C and thence to the valve. This sleevej (with the arms j²) is rotated
with the valve by the arms or levers, secured to the sleeve, coming into contact
with the projections f², on the cone f³, secured to the projection c, fixed to the
valve, which projection has, at top, recesses which receive the projections f*, at
the end of the shaft. Upon the arms are weights which, as the engine
increases in speed, move out and contract the passages j³ for the motive fluid. * are
pins in the weights engaging in slots j³, in the hollow arms, which slots act as
guides and stops. The weights k move out against springs tending to return them
the said springs being enclosed in links like draw-bars connected to the
weights k and by other links 13, to arms projecting from the levers j', centered at je,
to the sleeve j. To regulate the speed of the engine at which the governor shall
commence to operate I make the tension of the springs adjustable, by moving the
sleeve j, from outside, by means of the handle m, on the shaft m², carrying a
pinion m³, which engages with the toothed wheel n which is screwed and works
upon a screw on the inlet pipe . As the sleeve moves inwards the ends of the
arms or levers ride along the cones and are expanded so as to compress the
springs 1, by drawing out the rods of the draw-bar arrangements, the inner ends of
which bars bear on the springs, the other ends of the springs bearing on the ends
of the tubes containing the said rods as in a draw-bar.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The arrangement, and combination, of parts constituting a motive-power
engine, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
2. In motive-power engines a cylinder (constituting virtually a pair of cylinders
arranged in line and with a crank shaft between them) provided with pistons con-
nected together and operating the crank by a slotted link the said cylinders having
means for supplying motive fluid to, and exhausting it from, their outward ends
respectively; substantially as hereinbefore described.
3. In motive-power engines operated by fluid pressure a valve rotated by the
shaft and constructed, or arranged, and operating, in the manner substantially as
hereinbefore described.
4. In motive-power engines operated by an expansive fluid a valve, rotated by
the shaft, and provided with an expansion plate, all arranged substantially as
herein before described.
5. A governor for motive-power engines operated by fluid pressure the said
governor having weights which constitute the means for controlling the passages
for motive fluid; substantially as hereinbefore described.
Dadh: Deth 1 of 1900
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
Agents.