matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM SLIDE VALVES FOR LOCOMOTIVE, MARINE, AND GENERAL STEAM ENGINES, AND WATER VALVES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Kochs at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
July 1866.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD KOCHS, of 33, Tichborne Street, Edgware Road, in
the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM SLIDE VALVES FOR LOCOMOTIVE,
MARINE, AND GENERAL STEAM ENGINES, AND WATER VALVES," to be as follows:-
The object and principle of these improvements in slide valve consist in the
relieving the valve of the pressure caused as hitherto by the steam in the
chamber, thus reducing the friction against the surface of the cylinder. This
valve might be called an equilibrium valve, instead as hitherto the steam
entering into the valve chamber, thus surrounding the slide valve and
pressing upon its upper surface, the same is by the present mode of distribution
lodged below the valve in two parallel steam jackets cast in the body of the
cylinder, of which one is on each side of the openings for cylinder channels,
there are consequently five openings instead of three as hitherto on the surface
of the cylinder. The valve closing tightly upon the cylinder surface will
prevent the steam from entering into the steam chamber. The valve has,
as seen in examples on Drawing, Figs. 1, 2, and 3, either one or two steam
channels besides the exit opening, they are so constructed that by return
of piston the steam will enter either full or with expansion at convenience
from one steam jacket direct through the valve channel into that side of the
cylinder where it is needed and the same by the return motion.
The

page_text: pressure upwards from underneath the valve is counterbalanced by a certain
amount of steam pressure in the chamber, which may be completely and
accurately regulated by a safety valve, thus giving either more or relieving the
valve of its pressure and friction. The same principle as before described is
equally applicable to water valves.
IMPROVE. MENTS IN THE MODE OF DISTILLING OR SEPARATING VOLATILE PRODUCTS FROM OILS AND OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th June
1866. A communication from abroad by Hamilton Lamphier Smith,
of Gambier, Ohio, United States of America.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the "International Patent Office," No. 8, South-
ampton Buildings. Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex. Consulting
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN THE MODE OF DISTILLING OR SEPARATING VOLATILE PRODUCTS FROM OILS
AND OTHER FLUIDS," a communication, to be as follows:-
The said Invention relates to the process of removing products which are
volatilizable at any given temperature from the substances with which they
may be combined. This process consists in forcing or drawing through such
substances a continuous stream of air which by preference is heated to the
required temperature, or if preferred the substance to be treated may be
heated to the required temperature and kept thus while a stream of air is
forced or drawn through for a sufliciently long time to accomplish the desired
distillation or removal: the products thus distilled or removed may be condensed
and saved if desired. A hollow cylinder is provided containing a rotary fan,
which is kept in motion by a band passing over a pulley: the said fan forces
the air from the cylinder into a tube, a portion of which is coiled above a
Price Gid.l

page_text: furnace or heater. The said furnace heats the air as it passes through the
tube into a retort containing the oil or other substance to be cleansed; this
heated air vaporizes the said substance, which then passes through a second
tube into a receiver where it is condensed. This Invention does not consist
in the use of any special apparatus for the purpose of forcing or drawing the
air through the liquid, as the apparatus for such purposes is susceptible of
various modifications. The process is especially applicable to the removal of
volatile hydrocarbons and sulphides from the (so called) rock oils or
petroleums; the said process improves the odor and raises the fire test thereof
in a remarkable manner. I do not confine myself to any particular degree of
heated air. the temperature being obviously that at which the substance
desired to be removed or distilled will become volatile and pass along with
the air, which air may be heated before or during its passage through the
liquid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DISTRIBUTING VALVES FOR STEAM AND OTHER ENGINES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hawdon, William March
Hawdon, and Henry Heather at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 13th April 1866.
We, WILLIAM HAWDON, WILLIAM MARCH HAWDON, and HENRY HEATHER,
all of the Town and County of Newcastle-on-Tyne, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DISTRIBUTING VALVES FOR
STEAM AND OTHER ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention, when applied to that class of engine commonly called
oscillating, consists in having the cylinder steam ways or ports brouglit out to
a surface arranged concentrically with one of the trunnions; fitting steam
tight against this surface is another surface having corresponding passages
cast thereon for the inlet and exit of the steam or other motive principle from
each of the cylinder ports. As the cylinder oscillates backwards and forwards
the ports or passages cast thereon are brought into communication with the
above inlet and exit ports alternately. In adapting this Invention to stationary
cylinders it will be seen that motion will have to be communicated to the
face containing the inlet and exit passages, and that the steam pipe and exhaust
pipe if required will have to adapt itself to this movement. The motion
may be reversed at any time if required by four-way or other cocks, slides, or
any well-known means causing the motive principle to enter by the former
exit and exhaust by the former inlet.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND UTILIZATION OF RESIDUAL LIQUOR ARISING FROM THE PRODUCTION OF CHLORINE GAS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Francis Deane at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th March
1866.
I, WILLIAM FRANCIS DEANE, of Farnworth, in the County of Lancaster,
Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND UTILIZATION OF
RESIDUAL LIQUOR ARISING FROM THE PRODUCTION OF CHLORINE GAS," to be as
follows:-
I take the residuum liquor arising in the manufacture of chlorine from
oxides of manganese, and treat roasted iron pyrites containing copper therewith,
the chemical action of which is as follows:-The liquor containing chlorides
of iron and manganese and free acid dissolves copper and iron contained in
the pyrites, which becomes added to the inetals already held in the solution;
I now submit this liquor or solution to the reducing action of metallic iron,
either in the form of plates, rods, or otherwise, upon which the copper is
deposited in a metallic state, and thus the copper is extracted from the liquor.
The liquor thus freed from copper may now be ncutralized with carbonate of
lime or other alkaline earth; the remaining metals in the neutralized liquid
may then be either precipitated with milk of lime, and either the whole or a
portion of the iron may be separated first from the manganese by contact with

page_text: carbonate of lime or other carbonated alkaline earths, and the manganese still
in solution may be precipitated and again treated by any well-known process
for the production of chlorine. If desired this separation of the manganese
from the solution may be made previously to the depositing or separation of
the copper therefrom by the same treatment of carbonate of lime, by which
process the manganese remains in solution as chloride of manganese, and the
metals of iron and copper are precipitated as carbonates to be afterwards brought
into solution by an acid from which the copper is extracted by the immersion
of iron plates or rods.
I would remark that the liquor obtained after contact with the pyrites can
be neutralized by an alkaline earth or carbonate thereof, and the chloride of
manganese in solution be precipitated and utilized and the precipitates of
carbonates of iron and copper may be dissolved by an acid and the copper
obtained in the form of sulphuret by treatment with an alkaline sulphuret or
sulphuretted bydrogen, which last result is oxidized and brought into the form
of sulphate of copper.
A NEW PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR UNCORKING BOTTLES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Armand Manuel at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th October
1866.
I, ARMAND MANUEL, of Reims, a Town in the French Empire, Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature the said Invention for "A NEW PROCESS OF
AND APPARATUS FOR UNCORKING BOTTLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to uncorking bottles containing gaseous and frothy
liquids, and especially champagne.
The Invention consists, first, in breaking the wire or fastening which holds
the cork in the bottle by means of an instrument or apparatus attached to
the bottle; and, secondly, in constructing the instrument or apparatus as
hereafter described. The instrument is held by the wire preferably below
the neck of the bottle, and on turning the instrument in either direction
longitudinally or transversely it meets with resistance on the part of the wire,
which soon breaks. The instrument thus acts the part of a lever, receiving
the power from the hand and having its point of support on the bottle,. the
power to be overcome being the wire. Thus the ordinary nippers or knife
for cutting the wire may be dispensed with, each bottle carrying its own
instrument for the purpose. The instrument may consist of a lever of, say,
serpentine or sinuous form, so as to give a better hold for the hand; its upper
part is doubled or folded over to form a loop through which the wire which
..

page_text: holds down the cork passes, the lever hanging by the loop, or the lever may be
otherwise suspended from the wire. By moving the lever to the left or right
tangentially to the bottle, the wire at one end of the loop of the lever is raised
and that at the other end of the loop lowered, the wire being thus submitted
to tension breaks and can be easily removed from the cork, which is then
forced out by the gas in the bottle. Sometimes I form the instrument of a
plate of, say, heart shape, with a hole at the point or smallest portion of the
heart for the passage of the wire below the bottle neck. By taking hold of
the plate with the finger and thumb like a key, and giving it a rotary movement,
the wire is immediately broken.
AN IMPROVED EXTENSIBLE APPARATUS FOR THE PASSAGE OF GASES AND FLUIDS, ESPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR GASALIERS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd January 1866.-A communication from abroad by Edmond Robin
and Henri Robin, of Paris, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED EXTENSIBLE APPARATUS FOR THE PASSAGE OF GASES AND FLUIDS,
ESPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR GASALIERS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to construct an apparatus for the passage of
gases and fluids, especially adapted for gasaliers, which is capable of being
lengthened or shortened according to the height of the room or place where
it is to be used, which will remain at a determined point, and which will serve
for the passage of the gas or other fluid or liquid. The apparatus does not
allow of the escape of gas, and can be regulated to remain at any desired
heights.
The apparatus consists of two cylinders connected by a caoutchouc or
elastic tube, and free to slide one outside the other; the outer cylinder is also.
free to turn upon the inner cylinder, and carries two buttons which take into.
notches formed at different heights in two vertical parallel plates or bands fixed
to the outside of the apparatus. The inner cylinder is screwed at the top to a

page_text: fixed collar threaded in the inside to receive the gas branch pipe. The central
space of this collar is prolonged downwards inside the inner cylinder by a
tube, on which the upper end of a caoutchouc or elastic tube is fitted. The
outer cylinder is screwed at the bottom to a movable collar threaded in the
inside to receive the connection of the arms of the gasalier; the central space
of this collar is prolonged upwards by a tube on which the lower end of the
elastic tube is fitted. Two vertical bands or plates are fixed by screws at
their upper end to the fixed collar and at their lower end to a ring which
embraces the outer cylinder. These plates are formed with notches at different
heights to receive two buttons which are adjusted in boles in the outer cylinder.
When it is required to lengthen the apparatus draw down the outer cylinder,
the buttons during this movement passing between the two plates; as soon as
the apparatus is lowered to the point required give a turn to the outer cylinder,
and with it to the buttons, and caus the buttons to enter into the notches
formed at that point in the vertical plates, whereby the apparatus is securely
beld.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR PROPELLNG VESSELS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Horatio Harfield at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
December 1866.
I, WILLIAM HORATIO HARFIELD, of Royal Exchange Buildings, in the
City of London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR PROPELLNG VESSELS,"
to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is a method of and apparatus for propelling
vessels. For this purpose I inject or introduce one or more jets of steam
into water, such water being within one or more tubes or one or more chambers
in, attached to, or connected with the vessel, each such tube or chamber being
open at both ends so that the water can pass freely through the same, the steam
causes the water to flow in the direction in which such steam is discharged,
and thereby propels the vessel in the required direction. I proceed to describe
apparatus for carrying this method into effect. In one arrangement one or
more tubes open at both ends are secured to the hull in a fore and aft
direction parallel or nearly so with the keel and below the surface of the
water, and I introduce into each tube two steam pipes whereof the ends
within the tube point one forward and the other aft, each such pipe terminating
at each such end in an orifice, mouth, or nozzle. When steam is injected
through either of these pipes a continuous current of water is caused to flow

page_text: through the tube in the same direction as that in which the steam is discharged,
and a propulsive action in the required direction is thus exerted on the vessel ;
or instead of there being two steam pipes there may be one such pipe having
two outlets, mouths, orifices, or nozzles pointing in contrary directions within
the tube, or such steam pipe may have only one outlet, orifice, mouth, or nozzle
within the tube arranged with a joint swivel adjustment or contrivance,
whereby it may be turned or pointed to the required direction; or I some-
times fit at the end of the steam pipe or pipes within the tube a hollow ring
or annular piece, or a short cylinder or tube formed with a number of holes
or perforations; or instead of placing the water tube or tubes outside the
vessel, it or they may be within the hull, such tube or tubes being open at
both ends so that water may pass freely through.
AN IMPROVED AND SIMPLIFIED CODE OF SIGNALS TO BE USED BY DAY OR NIGHT AT SEA OR UPON LAND WITH FLAGS AND VENTILATING LAMPS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William James Current at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
August 1866.
I, WILLIAM JAMES CURRENT, of Plymouth, in the County of Devon,
Mariner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
AND SIMPLIFIED CODE OF SIGNALS TO BE USED BY DAY OR NIGHT AT SEA OR UPON
LAND WITH FLAGS AND VENTILATING LAMPS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the use of ordinary signal flags, and globular
and other forms of lamps, the bottoms and sides of which lamps are perforated
and having a valve or slide within or externally for protection to the parts
perforated, so as to regulate the ventilation or prevent any draught of wind as
the operator may deem necessary, thereby resisting the external pressure or
force of the wind, and avoiding the extinguishing of the light, such slide or
valve to be secured by a regulator or spring.
My improved signal code consists primarily of three lights or colors, white,
green, and red, and these lights or colors are manipulated in such variety as
to indicate upwards of twenty-seven thousand words or sentences, independently
of "cardinal," "distinguishing," and other signals to meet any casualty or
emergency.
All distinguishing or telegraphic signals are comprised by the three flags or
lamps vertically arranged, and by the different locations or places assigned to
them, ships' number, telegraph, rendezvous, enquiry, and pilot are manifested.
For instance, if I wish to enquire "what ship is that?" I place green at top,

page_text: red at centre, and white at bottom, using flags by day and lamps by night;
and for night signals, by placing red at top, white in centre, and green below
I denote "pilot," then by attaching at foot the ship's "regulation or riding
light" the signal of distress is represented, but when necessary the usual
minute gun can be resorted to. The flags or lamps can be hoisted at gaff or
mast head at pleasure of the operator; and the numerals are represented thus,
red is No. 1; white, No. 2; green, No. 8; red over white, No. 4; white
over red, No. 5; green over white, No. 6; white over green, No. 7; red over
green, No. 8; green over red, No. 9; these digits form the bases for the
multiple or manipulation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR UTILIZING SEWAGE MATTERS AND LIQUIDS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George William Shinner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th April 1866.
I, GEORGE WILLIAM SHINNER, of the Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR UTILIZING SEWAGE MATTERS AND LIQUIDS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the means of utilizing
sewage matters and liquids, and in the apparatus to be employed for such
purpose. I propose to form a tubular branch or branches with the main
sewer in order to convey the sewage matters and liquids to a suitable building
in which the apparatus for utilizing the same is to be arranged. Such branch
or branches before entering the building are passed through a reservoir for
the purpose of discharging the contents of the sewer on the occurrence of a
storm or heavy fall of rain; this is effected by means of a valve in the branch
passing through the reservoir; the branch pipe then enters the building and
is connected to a hinged guiding trough which conducts the sewage over one,
two, or more tanks of galvanized iron having moveable strainers placed on
their surfaces; these tanks are capable of being lifted out of an outer series
of fixed tanks by means of chains travelling over pullies in the roof of the
building and by winch gearing. These outer tanks or jackets are surrounded
by a low dwarf wall forming four sides of a brick tank having a cage con-
taining gravel along the top thereof; around the wall a sunken gutter is

page_text: formed, two inches below the level of the dwarf wall, in order to conduct the
liquid to a fall, and underneath an upward filter bed through which the liquid
percolates and passes beyond on to a perforated floor through which the liquid
falls ou to a downward chemical filter bed, and thence to a leading-off drain.
The inner tanks when lifted are passed on to a tramway; they are provided
with small running wheels, in order to travel on the tramway, whence they
are tilted over and discharge their contents into a sifting house, where foreign
substances are separated from the sewage matter, which is ultimately con-
veyed to a preparing house and dried and treated as required for use, and
packed in sacks or barrels. In order to withdraw the sewage from the
reservoir, pumps are employed, and the sewage is conveyed to the tanks and
filtering apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MEASURING THE TEMPERATURE OF CURRENTS OF AIR OR FLUID
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Wood at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th November
1866.
I, CHARLES WOOD, of Tees Iron Works, Middlesbro'-on-Tees, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
MEASURING THE TEMPERATURE OF CURRENTS OF AIR OR FLUID," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for measuring
the temperature of currents of air or fluid. The apparatus is composed of a
thin metal tube through which the current of air or fluid of which it is
desired to know the temperature is caused to pass; this tube near one of its
ends is fixed to a base plate, and at or near the other it has an arm projecting
from it, which by a link or otherwise is connected to a lever that by a rack
and pinion or otherwise gives motion to the pointer of an indicating apparatus.
The indicator is carried from the base plate by a pedestal of stone, earthenware,
or other non-expansive material, or it may be of metal if the pedestal is placed
out of reach of the heat. As the current of air or fluid is passed through the
metallic tube the tube rapidly becomes of the same temperature as the
current of air or fluid and thereby expands, and by the arm at its end operates
the pointer of the indicator. In place of the pipe and pedestal being connected
to a base plate the pedestal may be carried from an arm on the pipe. .
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING PRINTERS' RAGS
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Hugo Müller, of No. 79, Gower Street, and Warren
De La Rue, of Bunhill Row, both in the County of Middlesex, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING PRINTERS' RAGS."
Sealed the 6th October 1866, and dated the 15th May 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Hugo Müller and Warren
De La Rue at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 15th May 1866.
We, HUGO MÜLLER, of No. 79, Gower Street, and WARREN DE LA RUE,
of Bunhill Row, both in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING PRINTERS' RAGS,"
to be as follows:―
This Invention has for its object improvements in treating printers' rags.
For these purposes the rags used in wiping and cleansing printers' plates and
forms or other printing surfaces, and which are largely impregnated with
turpentine as well as with oil, are placed in a vessel or still together with
cream of lime to saponify the oil. Free steam is admitted to flow amongst
the rags, which vaporizes the turpentine, and such vapours pass over from
the still or vessel with the steam, and are condensed. The condensed
products are received into a separating vessel, where the water and the

page_text: turpentine separate. By these means the turpentine in place of being
wasted is obtained separate from the rags, and suitable for being re-used,
whilst the rags also are again brought into a condition for further use. The
if desired be separated from the lime in the ordinary manner, and as
is well understood.
oil may
IMPROVEMENTS IN TOBACCO PIPES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Snell at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th May 1866.-
A communication from abroad by Louis Goetsch, Manufacturer of Pipes,
No. 14, Grande Gallerie, Passage des Panoramas, Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM SNELL, of 16, Clements Inn, in the City of Westminister, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TOBACCO PIPES," (a communication,) to be as follows :—
At
This Invention consists in an arrangement for allowing the escape of oil,
juice, and moisture, and thus keeping the tobacco in the bowl of the pipe dry
to the last morsel. These improved pipes are pierced throughout their whole
length, and the end of tho passage nearest to the bowl is closed by a cap C,
ns shown in the accompanying Drawings while the pipe is being smoked.
the bottom of the bowl aro one or more small holes or passages H, which
communicate with the main passage of the pipe. When the pipe requires to
be cleaned the cap C is to be removed, when a wire or other pipe cleaner may
be passed through from end to end. In the case of pipes with curved
stems, or in any case if more convenient, the mouth piece M may be removed
to facilitate the operation of cleaning. This Invention applies to pipes of
various forms and composed of various materials, such as meerschaum, or

page_text: écume de mer, composition, or wood used for such purposes, and I do not
confine myself to any number of passages or holes forming the communication
between the bowl of the pipe and its chimney or main passage in the stem,
but make use of one or more holes or small passages according to circumstances
AN IMPROVED FLY FOR MODERATING OR REGULATING THE MOVEMENTS OF WHEEL- WORK
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philip Stieffel at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th March
1866.
I, PHILIP STIEFFEL, of No. 65, Page Steeet, Westminster, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED FLY FOR MODERATING OR REGULATING THE MOVEMENTS OF WHEEL-
WORK," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to regulate or govern the speed of wheelwork
in movement, and to reduce the amount of friction.
For the better and more easy comprehension of my Invention I will describe
it as applied to a musical snuff box. I remove the fly wheel of the box,
which is a simple plate; I introduce my fly, which is a broad riband of
tempered steel or other suitable elastic material wound on and round a wooden
cylinder, the By having a projecting or partly turned-up end. The cylinder
is fitted on an axle or spindle which runs through its centre. The ends of
the axle are supported by plates, and on the upper or superior end thereof is
an endless screw, into which gears one of the wheels of the movement, with
which the fly is thus placed in connection. The wheelwork in the box remains
the same, and is not displaced or interfered with in fixing my moderator or fly.

page_text: In some cases I dispense with the use of the endless screw in the axle, and
adopt in lieu thereof a cog wheel or pulley to effect the object for which the
screw is used.
The nieans above described are adaptable to apparatus for telegraph printing,
for clocks, lamps, or other purposes where wheelwork is used without derange-
ment of the wheelwork usually employed. When found desirable to vary
the pressure of the moderator or fly I enclose the riband in part in the
cylinder, which for such purpose is made hollow, having a slot cut in its
periphery of the length of the breadth of the riband forming the fly; by drawing
out a part of the reserve the resistance of the fly to the air or fluid (the fly
working in either) will be increased; retiring a part of the overplus into the
cylinder will diminish its resistance.
AN IMPROVED GENERATOR FOR STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
January 1866. A communication from abroad by Louis François Désiré
Dufour, of Libermont (Oise,) France, Gentleman.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 23, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Ageut, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED GENERATOR FOR STEAM ENGINES," (a communication to me from abroad
by Louis François Désiré Dufour, of Libermont (Oise), France, Gentleman,)
to be as follows :-
The principal advantages of this improved generator are economy of fuel
resulting from a better distribution of the caloric, and greater security against
the dangers of explosion. An envelope of bricks or fire-clay surrounds the
boiler, which is placed vertically on an ordinary fire-place. The beat of the
fire-place acts first on the bottom of the said boiler, then passes around it in
a space left between it and the brick or fire-clay envelope, and returns above
in a chamber, from whence it descends vertically in the centre of the boiler
by a large tube which leads to another lower chamber. The caloric and the
smoke after diffusing themselves in this chamber escape by a somewhat
considerable quantity of vertical tubes which lead from this chamber to a

page_text: conduit placed at the upper part of the boiler, which carries the smoke into
the chimney. In addition to the principal arrangement above described the
water-feeding cistern is made to pass in the conduit above mentioned, which
further utilizes the caloric that it may contain. The waste steam is also
used to beat the feed water by causing it to pass into a worm placed in the
feeding cistern, which further receives the products of the condensation which
takes place in this journey. Lastly, on the top of the boiler are placed two
safety valves opening in two pipes, which preserve them from all contact and
secure their proper working.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CANDLESTICKS AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Laurie Rickards at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition," on 'the
10th May 1866.
I, JOHN LAURIE RICKARDS, of Westbourne Park Road, in the County of
Middlesex, M. I. C. E., do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CANDLESTICKS AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be
as follows:-
According to this Invention the base or stand of a candlestick is made of
two parts, which are placed one on the other, and are capable of turning on a
common centre, so that when in use they may be caused to assume the form
of a cross, and when out of use and packed away they may come one over the
other and pack in a small compass. The two parts forming the base or stand
are connected together by the upper one near the middle of its length, being
formed with a projecting cylinder, which passes through a hole formed in the
middle of the length of the under part, and such projecting cylinder has a
screw nut applied to it below the second part forming the base or stand, by
which means the two parts are secured together, although they may turn one
on the other. A screw stud or projection is formed on the lower end of a
short cylinder which is screwed into the two parts, of which the foot or stand
is composed, and this short cylinder is screwed on its intérior, and when in
use the lower end of the stem of the candlestick is screwed into it. The stem
of the candlestick is constructed, by preference, in three parts sliding into
each other; the upper end of the innermost of these three parts receives a

page_text: socket for a candle. The under part of the socket is formed to fit such
upper end of the stem. The case used for packing away a pair of such
candlesticks is formed in the centre with a cylindrical space of the proper
dimension to receive the two sockets one above the other. On each of two
sides of this central space is another hollow cylindrical space capable of
receiving the lowest part of the stem of one of the candlesticks, such stems
being slid into their lowest parts when packed away in the case. On the two
opposite sides of the central hollow space before mentioned are recesses to
receive the turned down ends of the two parts which form the stand or base.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Monnier, Charles D'Hondt,
and Joseph Meurant at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 6th July 1866.
We, JEAN MONNIER and CHARLES D'HONDT, both of Roubaix, Nord, France,
and JOSEPHI MEUBANT, of Paris, France, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in altering the machinery of silk and other looms
and constructing them in imitation of the jacquard loom in order to produce
all tissues of a high class, or otherwise, by machinery instead of by hand.
This machinery by means of the treadle being adjusted to looms of two and
six boxes can make tissues with materials of warp and woof varied from 2
to 200 stripes or threads.
The Drawing annexed will explain the nature of the Invention.
A, Fig. 1, is an excentric placed upon the shaft of the bed outside the loom,
working the governing treadle B up and down. This governing treadle has a
piece of pass rope maintained by a support applied outside the frame of the
loom, as also a second one attached to the first in order to guide the move-
ment of the pass rope. There is also a tringle or shank pivotted on the
treadle moving the cylinder for the formation of the design. C, Fig. 2, is
another support fixed beneath the treadle sustaining the cylinder for forming
the design of the tissue when the woof is about to break. There are many move-
ments given to this support which have the effect of stopping the cylinder C².

page_text: There are also some wooden pieces pierced replacing the cartoon and forming
the design, to which are attached hooks, also of wood, which are placed
according to the design it is desired to make. D, as seen in Figs. 2, 4,
and 6, is a support attached to the frame of the loom, which sustains the play
of the tumbrils or peddles to the number of 14, with a hook moving to each
governed by the wooden pieces herein-before mentioned. These hooks
governed by the pegs attach themselves to the pass rope of the governing
treadle, which is raised by the movement of the excentric and effects the fall
of the tumbrils and sheet of tissue. The hooks which are not taken up by
the pegs or nuts are let down by an elastic movement which raises the sheet
of tissue. This elastic movement is produced on the top of the loom by a
wooden tumbril placed above the loom with a strap of iron wire and a spring,
which gives the swing to the tumbril. E, as seen in Fig. 5, is a square band
with a pass rope affixed to the staff of the stilts, which sustains all the play of
the tumbrils whilst the cylinder makes its movement; there are two treadles
placed inside the loom, and which in working move all the tumbrils which
serve to make the cloth, and are governed by an excentric. This being
applied to looms of two and six boxes all the movements of the cartoons will
be done away with and the boxes will be governed by the aid of this machinery
in such a way as to render the effects of the warp and woof regular. Fig. 3
is a section of Fig. 2, and Fig. 6 is a section of Fig. 4.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY SIGNALS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Irwin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents; with his Petition, on the 15th January
1866.
I, JOHN IRWIN, of Mark Lane, in the City of London, Accountant, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY
SIGNALS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to provide a self-acting or automatic signal
which shall give an alarm and thus call the attention of the engine driver or
guard of an engine or train on passing the point at which "danger" is
required to be signalled, and thus to prevent accident to the engine or train.
I propose to accomplish this end by fitting the present form of whistle with
two openings or apertures (one on each side of the whistle shaft), one of the
said openings being connected direct with the steam space in the boiler and
furnished with a hand tap in the usual manner, whilst the other is connected
with the steam space by means of a pipe which is carried downwards to the
edge of the framing of the engine, where it is furnished with a tap. To the
plug of this tap is connected a lever projecting downwards in such a manner
that when this lever comes into contact with a bar or arm (herein-after
described) the tap shall be opened and the whistle on the engine sounded,
and thus the driver will be warned of the danger. I may here remark that
if preferred a separate whistle may be used for this purpose instead of
employing the ordinary whistle.

page_text: The signal apparatus in the guard's van consists of a lever mounted upon a
fulcrum in a vertical position in such a way that its lower end projects
beneath the van, and is always in a position to come into contact with the bar
or arm (hereafter described), and having a spring to allow it to give way in
passing the said bar or arm, and to bring it again into a vertical position.
The upper end of this lever in the van is fitted with any well known con-
trivance for sounding a gong or other alarm on the vibration of the lever.
The bar or arm for actuating these signals may be made in two forms, one
for affixing to the rail in case of repairs or accident, and the other to be used
in connection with the ordinary advanced signal post. The former is a bar or
arm projecting upwards outside or inside the rail and affixed thereto by means
of a screw clamp; the latter is fixed at or near the advanced signal post, and
is connected to the signal wire or rod in such a manner that when the signal
is at "danger" the bar or arm shall be projected in such a position as to
actuate the signals on the engine and guard's van, but upon the signal being
lowered to "line clear," the bar or arm shall be withdrawn out of the way by
a spring or weight.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Roberts at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd November
1866.
I, JOHN ROBERTS, of Cranmer Road, Brixton, in the County of Surrey,
Commission Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL," to be as follows:―
My Invention of improvements in the manufacture of artificial fuel relates
to a novel mode of agglomerating small coal or coal dust so as to form it into
blocks of a convenient size to be used as fuel.
Heretofore in order to cause small coal or coal dust to adhere so as to form
solid blocks it has been found necessary to introduce and incorporate with the
coal dust pitch, bitumen, tar, or some other adhesive substance. In order to
mix these substances together and form the compound into blocks expensive
and cumbrous machinery has been required, and it has also been found
necessary to heat and char or partially burn the blocks. The object of my
Invention is to cause the several particles of small coal to adhere together so
as to admit of the mass being moulded into the desired form. To this end I
make the small coal or coal dust into a concrete mass by the addition of
pulverized lime and water. The lime may be added in various proportions,
but I find that from one-tenth to one-twelth the quantity by measure of lime
well slaked with water will be amply sufficient to form the coal into a hard
concrete but somewhat porous mass. The materials when mixed may be
placed in a wooden, earthen, metal, or other moulds until the concrete becomes

page_text: firm enough to be turned out to dry, for which purpose it will only be
necessary to expose it to the air or wind for a few hours. The blocks will
thus in a day or two (without the application of any artificial heat) become
hard enough to admit of moderately rough handling, and will burn with
clearness and steadiness in any common grate or fire-place. I find common
lime answer the purpose of making a concrete fuel as well as any of the
stronger and more expensive cements, and therefore on account of its
cheapness I prefer to use it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN. BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Harvey at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th March
1866.
I, CHARLES HARVEY, of No. 27, Pall Mall, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN.
BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
One of my improvements relates to the mode of actuating the pin which
strikes and explodes the cartridge. I form upon the head of such striking
pin a shoulder or cam surface, against which a stud upon the cock is made
to bear, so as to draw back the pin in the act of cocking the gun. The cock
is also provided with a shoulder, which in firing strikes against the end of the
pin, and thus drives it forward in order to explode the cartridge. In order
to guide the striking pin in its motion a groove is formed either in the lock
plate or in a piece fixed to the breech, in which groove the striking pin slides.
In place of forming a projecting shoulder upon the striking pin, a recess or
hole having a cam surface may be made in the same, against the cam surface
of which the stud on the cock is made to bear in drawing it back. In this
case care must be taken that the stud does not fit tightly into the recess or
hole in the piu, so that on firing the forward motion of the pin shall not be
effected by such stud, but solely by the shoulder on the cock..

page_text: Another part of my Invention consists of an improved arrangement for
removing the cartridge case from breech-loading fire-arms with hinged barrels.
For this purpose I fix upon the axle pin, upon which the barrels move, a
.cam or excentric socket, which is so formed as to bear upon the end of the
extractor and cause it to protrude from the rear end of the barrels as these
fall forward.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRAWING AND PREVENTING WASTE OF WATER FROM SERVICE PIPES OR CISTERNS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Chandler at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th September
1866.
I, JAMES CHANDLER, of 10, Mark Lane, London, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRAWING AND PREVENTING WASTE OF WATER
FROM SERVICE PIPES OR CISTERNS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
apparatus for drawing and preventing waste of water from service pipes or
cisterns, and consists of a self-closing valve inclosed in a metal case, which
valve is opened by the pressure of the hand or thumb acting upon a pin from
the outside of the said case, which pin presses on the one end of a bell crank
inside the said case; the other end of which bell crank presses upon the
spindle of the valve and causes it to open and allow the water to flow into
the metal case, the lower end of the said valve being connected to the service
pipe or cistern. The metal case before mentioned is provided with an opening
similar to a common pump nozzel, which allows the water to flow out into
any vessel required, and upon the hand or thumb releasing the pin before
mentioned the valve closes by the pressure of the water acting on the back of
it, and assisted by a spring attached to the top end of the valve spindle, and
hence the non-liability of the valve remaining open, and thus will prevent
waste of water. The foregoing apparatus as described is intended to be
connected to the service pipes or cisterns by an ordinary pipe, and the said

page_text: apparatus is intended to be placed over a sink, or attached to a post, or against
a wall or any other object, and is also intended to be fixed or erected in
houses, roads, streets, courts, or alleys, or any other place. The foregoing
apparatus is also intended for use in waterclosets, to be placed in reach of the
hand or other convenient position, and worked as before described, or by a
rod, wire, or cord attached to the bell crank. In this application a boss will
be provided on the metal case suitable for attaching an ordinary pipe to,
instead of the nozzel before mentioned, which pipe will lead to the pan of
the closet. The valve to be connected to the service pipe or cistern as before
.described.
Having now described and ascertained the nature of the said Invention,
and the manner the same is to be carried into effect, I would observe in
conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim
as my Invention is, the general construction, arrangement, and combination of
apparatus for drawing and preventing waste of water from service pipes or
cisterns, substantially as before described.
A NEW OR IMPROVED PORTABLE MANGLE
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Clyne, of No. 9, Miles Lane, Upper Thames
Street, in the City of London, for the Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED
PORTABLE MANGLE."-A communication from abroad by Henry William
Putuam, of Bennington, Vermont, United States of America.
Sealed the 20th November 1866, and dated the 1st June 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Clyne at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st June 1866.
I, JOHN CLYNE, of No. 9, Miles Lane, Upper Thames Street. in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR
IMPROVED PORTABLE MANGLE," (a communication) to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the structure of the framework and the manner of
fastening the two ends together, to the manner of attaching the machine to
the leaf of a table, and to the finger gear by means of which the rollers are
caused to move in concert without the possibility of slipping when substances
are introduced between them.
A, A, represent the end pieces of the framework. These are made of cast
iron, the upper portion being hollow to receive the boxes of the upper roller

page_text: and the springs that press the rollers together. B, B, represent the rollers;
these are made of hard wood with an iron shaft running through their centre.
The journals of the lower roller B pass through holes drilled in the solid
portion of the end pieces. The shaft of this roller extends outward, as seen
at C, for the purpose of receiving the finger gear and crank hereafter to be
described. The journals of the upper roller B secured in boxes placed in the
hollow portion of the end pieces A, and upon each side of the boxes, the end
pieces are slotted to allow the roller to move up and down to accommodate the
various thickness of goods introduced.
In these boxes are placed spiral springs, the lower ends of which rest upon
the boxes, the upper ends resting against the under side of the cross piece F;
this cross piece F by passing through slots and holes in the upper ends of the
end pieces A serves to keep the upper end of the end pieces in place. The
lower ends of the end pieces are secured together by means of an apron G,
which is fastened by screws to arms which extend in front from a point near
the journal of the roller B. This apron serves the double purpose of guide
for the goods that are passed between the rollers, and a cross bar for the frame.
I, I, represents finger gear placed upon shafts of the roller B, B, the teeth are
so formed by being long and slim, and supported upon the back by a disk
that they admit of sufficient adjustment without binding upon each other
to permit the rollers to come in contact or to be separated to any required
distance for the passage of the goods between them. K represents a foot
piece with a claw and set screw L for the purpose of securing the mangle to
the table.