Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Jan., 1898-Accepted, 19th Feb., 1898
I, HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 6, Bream's Buildings,
Chancery Lane, in the County of London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to .be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to duplex steam pumping-engines, and includes features
of invention in both the steam and pump ends, the object of the invention being to
provide an improved steam pumping engine of this class.
The part of the invention including the improvements in the steam end, relates
especially to multiple expansion duplex engines of that class in which the steam is.
used expansively from one side of the engine to the other, as in triple and quad-
ruple expansion engines, and compound engines in which the high and low pressure.
cylinders are located on opposite sides of the engine. This part of the invention
provides a simple and efficient construction of duplex engines in which the total
effective power on the two sides of the engine may be readily adjusted, as desired,
by power derived from an auxiliary cylinder on one side of the engine, so that a
regular and uniform movement on both sides of the engine is secured, the object
being especially to provide means whereby inequality of power on opposite sides of
the engine shall be automatically corrected. In securing these results, a small
auxiliary cylinder is employed on one side of the engine, by which the power on
that side of the engine may be increased or diminished, and the relative power on
the two sides of the engine thus adjusted as desired, this power regulating cylinder
forming a power equalizing cylinder in constructions in which the invention is
applied for securing equality of power on the two sides.
In many processes of manufacture, such as sugar making, tanning, distilling,
brewing, etc., it is impracticable to use the common composition suction and force
valve seats set into cast iron, on account of the corrosive action of the liquid which
attacks the joints between the seats and iron, and rapidly destroys them, so as to
cause a leak from one side of the valve plate to the other. It is important, there-
fore, that the valve plates, including the valve seats, be made entirely of a material
or composition not injuriously acted upon, and this result is secured economically
by interposing separate valve plates of suitable material between the iron castings
forming the water cylinder and the suction and force chambers. The object of
that part of the present invention relating to the pump end, is to provide a
construction of this class employing such separate valve plates, which shall be
simple, cheap, and efficient, and especially to provide a construction which shall.

page_text: avoid irregular forms, and consequent expense, secure short and direct passages
between the suction and force chambers, so as to avoid extended or tortuous
passages and internal joints subjected to the action of the fluid, and reduce, as far
as practicable, the floor space occupied by the machine. Some of the features
of this part of the invention are applicable to single as well as duplex pumps.
For a full understanding of the invention, a detailed description of a construc-
tion embodying all the features of the same in their preferred form, as applied in
connection with a pumping engine of the class now well known as the
Worthington Duplex Pumping Engine," will now be given in connection with
the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification, in which
"
Fig. 1 is a plan view of a horizontal duplex triple-expansion pumping engine
embodying the improvements.
Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the steam end.
Fig. 3 is a plan view of the steam end of a compound duplex engine embody-
ing the improvements in the steam end; and
Fig. 4 is a detail section of the valve controlling the supply of steam to the
auxiliary cylinder.
Fig. 5 is a longitudinal vertical section of the pump end on one side.
Fig. 6 is a vertical cross section on the line 6 of Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is a vertical cross section on the line 7 of Fig. 5.
Fig. 8 is a horizontal section on the line 8 of Figs. 5 and 6.
Referring now to the drawings, and especially to Figs. 1 to 4, the engine is
provided with a high pressure cylinder C, and intermediate cylinder 1), forming
one side of the engine, and having their pistons carried by the common-piston-
rod E, which is connected to the pump piston in water cylinder M. Upon the
opposite side of the engine is the low pressure cylinder F, having the piston
rod G connected to the pump plunger in water cylinder M. A receiver I is
provided, into which the intermediate cylinder exhausts, and from which the low-
pressure cylinder is supplied, this receiver being preferably placed, as shown,
immediately under, and forming a support for the intermediate and low pressure
cylinders, and the high pressure cylinder is preferably mounted on the end of
the intermediate cylinder, so that the receiver forms a support for the entire
steam end of the engine.
For the purpose of supplying any slight deficiency of pressure upon the low-
pressure side of the engine, and preserving a constant balance of effective power
between the two sides, a small equalizing cylinder H is placed upon the low-
pressure side of the engine, the piston rod G of the low-pressure cylinder being
extended through the latter, and carrying also the piston of the equalizing
cylinder. This equalizing cylinder may be supplied with steam from the
receiver I, but it is preferably supplied with high-pressure steam from the
boiler, as this supply may then be varied without interfering with the steam
supply to the low pressure cylinder, and, moreover, a smaller equalizing cylinder
may thus be used.
All the cylinders are provided with the usual valves, which may be of any
suitable construction, but are preferably of the rotary form well known in
connection with engines of this class, and operated in the usual manner, the valve
stems 10 being connected by crank arms to valve rods 11 on opposite sides of the
engine, and these valve rods being connected to the usual valve-operating
mechanism K, between the steam and pump ends, by which the valves upon one
side of the engine are operated from the other side.
The high pressure cylinder C receives its supply of steam from the supply
pipe 12 through induction pipe 13, and exhausts through exhaust pipe 14 into
the steam chest of intermediate cylinder D. The intermediate cylinder D, in
turn, exhausts through horizontal exhaust pipe 15 and vertical pipe 16, into the
receiver I, and this exhaust steam passes from the receiver to the low pressure
cylinder through pipe 16 and induction pipe 17 of the low pressure cylinder, the
low pressure cylinder in turn exhausting, as usual, through the pipe 18. The

page_text: equalizing cylinder H is supplied with high pressure steam from the supply
pipe 12, through pipe 19, connecting with induction pipe 20 of the equalizing
cylinder, the equalizing cylinder exhausting preferably into the receiver I through
exhaust pipe 21.
In order that the power upon opposite sides of the engine may be adjusted in
first starting the engine, and that any inequality of power resulting from
variations in the running conditions of the engine may readily be corrected, it
is necessary that means be provided for regulating the admission of steam to the
equalizing cylinder H, and for this purpose throttle 22 is provided on pipe 19,
and a throttle 23 is preferably used on the induction pipe 13 of cylinder C, for
adjusting the supply for the other cylinders of the engine, as usual.
The throttle 22, or any equivalent means for controlling the steam supply to the
equalizing cylinder H by hand, may be the only means of control used, and an
efficient construction produced, as any variations in the power on opposite sides
of the engine may readily and quickly be corrected thereby. It is desirable,
however, that the supply of steam to the equalizing cylinder should be controlled
automatically, and for this purpose the following construction is provided, by
which the supply of steam to the equalizing cylinder is automatically increased,
in case of any deficiency of pressure in the low pressure cylinder, and decreased
as the pressure in the low pressure cylinder rises, so as to preserve a constant
balance of power upon the two sides of the engine.
The pipe 19 is controlled by a valve a, the valve rod 24 of which carries a
piston 25, which moves in a cylinder 26, mounted in any suitable position, the
valve rod 24 and valve a being normally pressed into position to close the valve, by
means of a spring 27, pressing against the head of the cylinder 26, and a collar 28
on the valve rod. The opposite ends of the cylinder 26 are connected by means of
pipes 29, 30, with respectively the steam chest of high pressure cylinder C and
with the receiver I, the pressure in receiver I being applied to force the piston in
a direction to close the valve a, and the pressure from the high pressure cylinder to
open the valve. It is evident that the pressure within the receiver I is that of
the low-pressure side of the engine, so that the valve a will be controlled in
accordance with the relative pressures on the opposite sides of the engine, and in
case of any excess or deficiency of pressure upon either side, the piston will be
actuated in the proper direction to admit more or less steam to the equalizing
cylinder, as the case may be, the spring 27 being graduated preferably so as to
exert just the required pressure to overbalance the excess of pressure exerted on
one side of the piston 25 by the high pressure steam from the pipe 29, when the
power upon the opposite sides is equal, and hold the valve normally closed. It is
desirable that some steam should be admitted to the equalizing cylinder H at all
times, to keep the parts in proper condition, and this result may be attained by
properly constructing the valve, so as to form a by-pass. In the construction
shown, however, a by-pass 1 around the valve a is provided, which is preferably
controlled by a cock 2, so that a fine adjustment of the amount of steam normally
admitted to the equalizing cylinder may be obtained.
The operation of the engine with the automatic control of the equalizing
cylinder will be understood without further description, it being evident that the
pressure in the equalizing cylinder H is under the control of the pressure on the
two sides of the engine, so that any deficiency of pressure on either side of
the engine, due to changes in water pressure, or other causes, will be immediately
compensated for by increase or decrease in the supply of steam to the auxiliary
cylinder H, and a perfect uniformity of action on the two sides of the engine is
secured.
In Fig. 3, the improvements in the steam end of the pump are shown as applied
to a compound engine, the receiver I now being placed between, and forming
a support for, the high pressure and low pressure cylinders, the intermediate
cylinder being omitted. The low-pressure cylinder receives its steam from the
receiver I and high pressure cylinder C, through the same connections as pre-

page_text: viously used from the intermediate cylinder, and all the connections between the
equalizing cylinder and other parts of the engine are the same as previously
described. It is evident, also, that the use, of the equalizing cylinder construction
shown, is not limited to compound and triple-expansion engines, but that it may
readily be applied to all duplex, multiple-expansion engines in which the steam is
used expansively from one side of the engine to the other, and the application
of the above improvements to other engines of the general duplex class will be
understood without further illustration or description. If the supply be taken
from the receiver, it will retard the high pressure side as well as assist the low
pressure side, the regulating effect of a slight variation in the supply thus being
: .
increased.
Referring now particularly to Figs: 1 and 5 to 8, the improved construction of
pump, end will be described. M M are the water cylinders for the opposite sides
of the pump, and N N¹ the pulsation chambers for the opposite ends of the
cylinders; 0 and P the suction and force chambers, which are common to the
two sides of the pump; Q the suction main; and R the force main. As shown,
the pulsation chambers are arranged vertically above the opposite ends of the
pump cylinders, and connected therewith by short passages, and these pulsation
chambers are separated from the suction and force chambers by the composition
valve plates S, which are arranged edgewise to the cylinders, and extending trans-
versely thereto, and are shown as provided with the common voluntary suction
valves a and force valves b, between which said valve plates are the suction and
force chambens.
In the preferred construction shown, the pulsation chambers for the opposite
sides of the pump are cast integral, a single casting having the integral vertical
partition c, forming the two chambers for the opposite sides at each end of the
cylinders, and the suction and force chambers common to both sides of the pump
are formed by a single casting having the integral horizontal partition & dividing
,the force from the suction chamber. A single valve plate S at each end of the
cylinders is used, these plates having valve seats, preferably integral therewith,
for both the suction and force valves, and these valve plates are secured in place
at their edges between the separate castings which form the pulsation chambers
and the suction and force chambers.
It will thus be seen that this arrangement of valve plates edgewise to the
cylinders secures the results above stated, and is very simple and compact, while
at the same time it provides for direct and simple connections for both the
suction and force mains, and for convenient hand holes, as shown, by which access
is had to all the water valves. When the chambers and valve plates for opposite
sides of the pump are formed integral and arranged as shown, it will be seen that
a construction very simple and cheap of manufacture is provided, but few castings
being required, and these of simple form.
It will be understood that modifications may be made in the construction of
pump-end shown, without departing from the invention, and that the invention
is not to be limited to the exact form of arrangement illustrated. Thus, while the
valve plates are shown as extending in planes transverse to the pump cylinder, it
will be understood that they may be arranged so as to extend in planes longi-
tudinal of the cylinder in some cases, but that shown is the preferred construction.
While the invention is of especial value in pumps in which the character of the
liquid pumped makes it desirable that the valve seats and valve plates should be
of special material, it will be understood that the use of the invention is not thus
limited, but that it may be applied also to other classes of pumps. While the
invention has been illustrated as applied to a double-acting and duplex pump,
and certain features of the invention relate to pumps of these classes, it will be
. understood that it may be applied to pumps of other forms, as will be clear from
the illustration and description of the double-acting duplex pump shown herein.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said in-

page_text: vention and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me
from abroad, I declare that what I claim is:
1. A multiple expansion duplex engine having a power regulating cylinder
on one side, substantially as described.
2. A duplex engine having a power-regulating cylinder on one side, and
provided with means for regulating the supply of steam to the regulating
cylinder in accordance with the variations of pressure on the opposite sides of the
engine, substantially as described.
3. A multiple expansion duplex engine having a power-regulating cylinder on
one side, and provided with means for automatically regulating the supply of
steam to the regulating cylinder in accordance with the variations of pressure on
the opposite sides of the engine, substantially as described.
4. The combination with a multiple expansion duplex engine, having a power
regulating cylinder on one side, of a valve controlling the supply of steam to the
regulating cylinder, and means for applying the pressure on the opposite sides of
the engine, to move the valve in opposite directions, whereby the valve is con
trolled in accordance with with the relative pressures on the opposite sides of the
engine, substantially as described.
5. The combination with a multiple expansion duplex engine having a power-
regulating cylinder on one side, of supply pipe 19 for said regulating cylinder,
valve a controlling said pipe, and piston 25 connected to said valve, and pressed
in the direction to close the valve by the pressure on the power-regulating cylinder
side of the engine, substantially as described.
6. The combination with a multiple expansion duplex engine having a power
regulating cylinder on one side, of supply pipe 19 for the regulating cylinder,
valve a controlling said pipe, piston 25 connected to said valve, and subjected,
on opposite sides, to the pressure on opposite sides of the engine, the pressure on
the power regulating cylinder side tending to close the valve, and a spring aiding
the pressure on the power-regulating cylinder side, substantially as described.
7. A multiple expansion duplex engine having a power-equalizing cylinder on
the weaker side, substantially as described.
8. A multiple expansion duplex engine having a power equalizing high-pressure
cylinder on the low-pressure side, substantially as described.
9. The combination with a multiple expansion duplex engine, having a receiver
through which the exhaust of one side passes to the other side, of a high pressure
equalizing cylinder on the side receiving the exhaust, said equalizing cylinder
exhausting into the receiver, substantially as described.
10. A pump having a valve plate formed separately from the other parts of the
pump, and placed edgewise to the pump cylinder, and carrying seats for one or
more force and suction valves arranged with one of said valves or sets of valves
between the cylinder and the other of said valves, or sets of valves, substantially as
described.
11. A pump having a valve plate formed separately from the other parts of the
pump, and placed edgewise to the pump cylinder, and extending in a plane trans-
verse to the pump cylinder, and carrying seats for one or more force and suction
valves, with one of said valves or sets of valves arranged between the cylinder, and
the other of said valves, or sets of valves, substantially as described.
12. A pump having suction and force chambers arranged in line with one of
said chambers, between the other chamber and the cylinder, and a valve plate
formed separately from the other parts of the pump, and placed edgewise to the
cylinder, with the pulsation chamber on one side, and the suction and force
chambers on the opposite side of the valve plate, substantially as described.
13. A pump having valve plates for the opposite ends of the pump cylinder,
formed separately from the other parts of the pump, and placed edgewise to the
pump cylinder, and having the suction and force chambers between the valve
plates, and arranged in line with one of said chambers, between the other chamber
and the cylinder, substantially as described.

page_text: 14. A duplex pump having valve plates for the opposite ends of the pump
cylinders placed edgewise to the cylinders, and extending in planes transverse to
the cylinder, with the suction and force chambers for the opposite sides of the
pump between the valve plates, and arranged with one of the chambers for each
cylinder between the other chamber and the cylinder, substantially as described.
15. A duplex pump having, at the opposite ends of the cylinders, pulsation
chambers integral for both sides of the pump, suction and force chambers for both
sides of the pump formed integral with each other, and valve plates formed
separately from the chambers, placed edgewise to the cylinders, and extending in
planes transverse to the cylinders, between the pulsation chambers, and with the
suction and force chamber between the plates, substantialy as described.
16. The combination with the cylinders M M¹, of the pulsation chambers N N¹
for both cylinders, each formed integral with partition c, suction and force
chambers O, P, for the opposite sides of the pump, formed integral with the
partition d, and valve plates S, having force and suction valve seats for both sides
of the pump, and formed separately from, and secured between, the parts forming
the pulsation chambers and the suction and force chambers, substantially as
described.
Dated this 11th dow of Tona 1800