Improvements in or applicable to Apparatus for Heating Feed Water, commonly termed "Fuel Economisers."
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Jan., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 20th Sept., 1895-Accepted, 16th Nov., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or applicable to Apparatus for Heating Feed
Water, commonly termed "Fuel Economisers."
I, WALTER GOODBRAND, of the Firm of Good brand and Holland of Southall
Iron Works, Southall Street, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers,
do hereby declare the nature of the said invention, to be as follows:-
My invention relates to improved combinations and arrangements of parts
forming a water heating apparatus hereinafter called the economiser, in which the
water is made to circulate or pass continuously from the entrance to its exit down
and up or up and down vertical heating pipes and connecting passages, such pipes
being arranged in rows passing in the lengthway of the economiser, there being
one or more such rows in the widthway of the economiser parallel to each
other.
The water to be heated thus passes along each row of pipes from the cooler
end of the chamber or flue for the economiser to the furnace end thereof.
According to my invention there is what may be termed a horizontal beam for
each row of vertical heating pipes for the top and bottom of the economiser,
these beams being arranged in the lengthway of the economiser or flue chamber
and are parallel to each other.
Each bottom beam has as many three armed passages and inlets and outlets in
it, as there are to be pairs of vertical heating pipes in each row of pipes in the
lengthway of the economiser.
The upper beams correspond to the lower beams, and have hollows in them for
each pair of vertical heating pipes in the row.
There is a space between each of the bottom beams, but the top beams come
close together side by side.
The openings from the passages in the upper side of the bottom beams are bored
out to fit the lower ends of the vertical heating pipes fluid tight, and the holes in
the underside of the top beams are also bored out to fit the upper ends of the
vertical heating pipes fluid tight.
The lower side of each of the bottom beams is flanged so that the passage in it for
each pair of heating pipes may be connected to a flanged branch on a cross pipe
passing the width way of the economiser below the bottom beams, which is
connected with the hole in each lower beam for each pair of pipes in the
widthway, these cross pipes being hereinafter referred to as "mud pipes
which are connected at one end to one common pipe passing in the lengthway
of the economiser.
"
There is a hole in the upper beams at the top side and over each vertical
heating pipe, to give access to clear or bore out such pipes when stopped by scale
or deposit, and the holes are closed by ordinary plugs, or covers hitherto used for
such purpose.
Over the first row of pipes in the widthway of the economiser there is a cross
pipe having a branch for each row of pipes in the lengthway of the economiser
and it is to this pipe that the water is fed which is to be heated and it passes from
this cross pipe to each lengthway row of the economiser pipes, descending each
pipe of the first row in the width way into its passage in the bottom beam and out
of that passage up the next vertical pipe to the cavity in the top beam along that
cavity or passage to the next pipe passing down it, and so on until it ascends the
ast pipe of the row in the lengthway of the economiser, where it comes into
D

page_text: another cross pipe uniting all the rows of pipes in the lengthway of the economiser
same as the feed pipe at the entrance end of the economiser and from this outlet
pipe the heated water passes to the boiler.
I have said, the water may be fed and delivered at the upper end of the
economiser as I prefer, but it may be fed and delivered at the lower end.
The sediment from the water going along the vertical heating pipes can pass to
the mud pipes below the beams, and the water can to some extent pass (when
permitted) between each lengthway row of pipes through the communications
formed between them by these mud pipes, which are for the purpose of blowing off
sediment through a cock or valve which may be a safety valve applied at one end
of each mud pipe, the other ends of which are connected with the common pipe
hereinbefore referred to.
The water in the mud pipes and their branches when not blowing out the mud or
sediment will be "dead or motionless.
יי
According to another modification of my invention a cone valve is applied at one
end of each cross mud pipe (the other end of which is closed) so as to close such
end when shut, this valve opening from the interior of the mud pipe and being
held closed against interior pressure by a lever and weight or other means, such
arrangement of valves entirely closing the outlet from each cross mud pipe (except
when flushing the pipes) and acting both as a mud or sediment flushing valve, and
a safety valve against internal pressure.
Small branch pipes from the cavities in the upper beams are or may be connected
with a common inclined pipe in the lengthway of the beams, or small inclined
passages may be formed in the lengthway of each of the beams and connected at
the delivery end to one common pipe upon which there is a safety valve to allow
air to escape.
My improved economiser has scrapers for the vertical pipes and scraper
mechanism and air valves as in ordinary economisers.
Dated this Twelfth day of January 1895.
PETER J. LIVSET,
Agent.
Improvements in or applicable to Apparatus for Heating Feed
Water, commonly termed "Fuel Economisers."
1, WALTER GOODBRAND, of the Firm of Goodbrand and Holland of Southall
Iron Works, Southall Street, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
My invention relates to improved combinations and arrangements of parts
forming a water heating apparatus bereinafter called the economiser, in which
the water is made to circulate or pass continuously from the entrance to its exit
down and up or up and down vertical heating pipes and connecting passages, such
pipes being arranged in rows passing in the lengthway of the economiser, there
being one or more such rows in the widthway of the economiser parallel to each
other.
The water to be heated thus passes along each row of pipes from the cooler end
of the chamber or flue for the economiser to the furnace end thereof.
According to my invention there is what may be termed a horizontal beam for
each row of vertical heating pipes for the top and bottom of the economiser, these
beams being arranged in the lengthway of the economiser or flue chamber and are
parallel to each other.
Each bottom beam has as many three armed passages and inlets and outlets in it,

page_text: as there are to be pairs of vertical heating pipes in each row of pipes in the
lengthway of the economiser.
The upper beams correspond to the lower beams, and have hollows in them for
each pair of vertical heating pipes in the row.
There is a space between each of the bottom beams, but the top beams come
close together side by side.
The openings from the passages in the upper side of the bottom beams are bored
out to fit the lower ends of the vertical heating pipes, fluid tight, and the holes in
the underside of the top beams are also bored out to fit the upper ends of the
vertical heating pipes fluid tight.
The lower side of each of the bottom beams, is flanged so that the passage in it
for each pair of heating pipes may be connected to a flanged branch on a cross pipe
passing the width way of the economiser below the bottom beams, which is
connected with the hole in each lower beam for each pair of pipes in the
width way, these cross pipes being hereinafter referred to as
"mud pipes'
which are connected at one end to one common pipe passing in the lengthway
of the economiser.
"
There is a hole in the upper beams at the top side and over each vertical
heating pipe, to give access to clear or bore out such pipes when stopped by
scale or deposit, and the holes are closed by ordinary plugs, or covers hitherto
used for such purpose.
Over the first row of pipes in the width way of the economiser there is a cross
pipe having a branch for each row of pipes in the lengthway of the economiser
and it is to this pipe that the water is fed which is to be heated and it passes from
this cross pipe to each lengthway row of the economiser pipes, descending each
pipe of the first row in the width way into its passage in the bottom beam and out
of that passage up the next vertical pipe to the cavity in the top beam along that
cavity or passage to the next pipe passing down it, and so on, until it ascends the
last pipe of the row in the lengthway of the economiser, where it comes into
another cross pipe uniting all the rows of pipes in the lengthway of the
economiser same as the feed pipe at the entrance end of the economiser and
from this outlet pipe the heated water passes to the boiler.
I have said the water may be fed and delivered at the upper end of the
economiser as I prefer, but it may be fed and delivered at the lower end.
The sediment from the water going along the vertical heating pipes can pass to
the mud pipes below the beams, and the water can to some extent pass (when
permitted) between each lengthway row of pipes through the communications
formed between them by these mud pipes, which are for the purpose of blowing off
sediment through a cock or valve which may be a safety valve applied at one end
of each mud pipe, the other ends of which are connected with the common pipe
herein before referred to.
The water in the mud pipes and their branches when not blowing out the mud or
sediment will be "dead" or motionless.
According to another modification of my invention a cone valve is applied at
one end of each cross mud pipe (the other end of which is closed) so as to close
such end when shut, this valve opening from the interior of the mud pipe and
being held closed against interior pressure by a lever and weight or other means,
such arrangement of valves entirely closing the outlet from each cross mud pipe
(except when flushing the pipes) and acting both as a mud or sediment flushing
valve, and a safety valve against internal pressure.
with a
Small branch pipes from the cavities in the upper beams are or may be connected
common inclined pipe in the lengthway of the beams, or small inclined
passages may be formed in the lengthway of each of the beams and connected at
the delivery end to one common pipe upon which there is a safety valve to allow
air to escape.
My improved economiser has scrapers for the vertical pipes and scraper
mechanism and air valves as in ordinary economisers.

page_text: Fig. 1, is a section in the lengthway of one of the upper and lower beams and
through the vertical beating pipes of the economiser.
Fig. 2, is a cross sectional elevation, the section being through the last row of
vertical heating pipes on the line C-D Fig. 1, and through the cross delivery
pipe and lower beams a, in the line E-F Fig. 1. The section through the pipe
connecting the cross or mud pipes being on the line G-H Fig. 5.
Fig. 3, is a top plan view.
Fig. 4, is a cross sectional elevation at A-B Fig. 1, the section being through
the bent pipes connecting each half of each row of pipes in the lengthway of the
economiser, and also through the cross pipe above and connecting all the bent
pipes.
Fig. 5, is a sertional elevation in a plane parallel to the plane of Fig. 1, in the
line J-K Fig. 2.
The economiser according to my invention as illustrated by the figures of the
drawings is made in two parts or sections with a space between each section to give
access round them.
a, are the bottom beams for each section of vertical heating tubes, in which
beams (a) there is a three armed passage a', a², and a³, formed for each pair of
vertical heating tubes c and c¹.
Each pair of passages a¹ and a, are bored out to receive the lower ends of a
pair of vertical heating tubes c and c', fluid tight.
The upper beams , are also formed with passages or openings to fit the upper
ends of the vertical heating tubes c and c', but it will be noticed that the passage
in the upper beam b, for the first descending heating tube c, is separated (except
as hereinafter explained) from the passage for the ascending vertical heating
tube c', and so on.
The upper side of each upper beam b, is inclined and ascends from one end
towards the middle where the two sections of the pipes come nearest and then
there is a flange on the upper side of each of the top beams b, to form a junction
with one end of a bent pipe d, which bend unites the beams b, of each section or
half of the economiser.
In the division or partition in the upper beams, coming between each descending
and ascending vertical pipes c and c¹, there is a small hole , which allows air or
steam to pass through these small holes from each end of each upper beam to the
bend d, uniting the two beams b, and at the upper part of each bend d, there is a
junction flange for a cross pipe d', having corresponding flanges (see Figs. 1 and 4)
and at the central part of this cross pipe d', there is a flange for a valve or
pipe d².
The air or steam will thus pass to the bends d, and from the bends to the cross
pipe d', and out at the valve or pipe d².
In the upper beams b, there are holes 6, opposite the end of each vertical
heating pipes c and c', which are or may be closed when the apparatus is in use by
plugs or lids, such as are in ordinary use in economisers.
The passage a³, in the bottom beams a, are Hanged to form junctions with
corresponding flanges on the cross or mud pipes e, and the ends of these cross or
mud pipes are flanged to form a junction with flanges on a casting f, in which a
seating is formed for a lifting valve, the valve being a cone or flat faced valve,
the stem or spindle 2, from which, passes through a hole in a plate secured to the
upper part of the casting f.
This spindle f, has a shoulder for a disc, which may be secured upon it, to
receive a number of weighting discs f³, to keep the valve f¹, closed against
the internal pressure in the pipes of the economiser.
These valves f, may each be loaded by a lever and weights, and each valve is
opened or allowed to open by lifting the weights, or lever if weighted by a lever,
and weight or spring.
There is a similar valve for each cross or mud pipe e.
The lower end of the castings f, for the valves have flanges to be united with

page_text: corresponding flanges on a pipe g, passing in the lengthway of the economiser for
each section of the economiser, and the two pipes 9, are united by a bend pipe 9',
as shown best in Fig. 3.
The valves f, in the castings f, act both as safety valves against excess of
internal pressure and as valves for flushing the pipes to discharge mud or sediment
which may accumulate therein.
h, is a cross pipe having branches and flanges to form a junction with each
beam b, and this cross pipe h, may be closed at either end, the other end not closed
being connected with the water supply pipe.
There is a similar cross pipe i, at the other end of the enonomiser forming a
junction with each top beam 6, this cross pipe i, being for the delivery of the
heated water which can be discharged to pass to the boiler from either end.
The water passes through the economiser in the direction shown by the arrows
on Fig. 1.
There is or may be a hole at the outer end of each beam b, opposite and in a
line with the small holes 6', which hole may be closed by a screw plug by removing
which a long drill or tool may be inserted to clear out the holes 61, should they get
closed by scale or deposit at any time.
The water enters at that end of the economiser which is furthest from the
furnace or furnaces where the heated gases are coolest and leaves the economiser
at the opposite end nearest the furnace or furnaces and where the heated gases are
most heated.
The economiser is built into a chamber in the usual manner forming a part of
the flue from the furnace or furnaces to the chimney.
The vertical heating pipes are scraped on their exteriors by scrapers arranged
and worked as in ordinary well known economisers or water heaters.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what [
claim is.
1. The combination and arrangement of economisers or water heaters in which
the water passes up and down or down and up the same row of pipes in the
lengthway of the economiser or the top and bottom beams (a and b) continuously
substantially as herein before described and illustrated by the drawings.
2. The making of the upper beams (6) inclined at the top and with small
passages (6) at the highest points in the partitions between each pair of up and
down pipes (e and c¹) in order that aeriform fluids may rise to the highest point
and pass out at a loaded safety valve, substantially as hereinbefore described and
illustrated by the drawings.
3. The combination of cross or mud pipes (e) between each pair of pipes (c and c¹)
and with the lower beam (a) substantially as and for the purpose herein before
described and illustrated by the drawings.
4. The combination with one end of each mud pipe (or with one or more of
them) of a selfacting valve which will open outwards and which valve or valves act
both as a safety valve and outlet valve for flushing the pipes and passages in the
lower beams (a) and allowing mud or sediment to escape therefrom substantially as
hereinbefore described and illustrated by the drawings.
5. The combination arrangement and construction of economisers or water
heaters substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by the drawings.
Dated this Nineteenth day of September 1895.
PETER J. LIVSEY,
Agent.