IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAW AND BUFFER APPARATUS PROAL SP
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Albert Benton Pullman, of the Midland Hotel,
Saint Pancras, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, and Louis
Sterne, of Victoria Chambers, in the City of Westminster, Engineer,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAW AND BUFFER APPARATUS
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Albert Benton Pullman
and Louis Sterne at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 1st April 1875.
We, ALBERT BENTON PULLMAN, of the Midland Hotel, Saint Pancras,
in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, and LOUIS STERNE, of Victoria
Chambers, in the City of Westminster, Engincer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAW AND BUFFER
APPARATUS FOR RAILWAY ROLLING STOCK, to be as follows:―

page_text: the draw and buffer springs that when the buffer heads are brought face
to face and the couplings are screwed up tight, both the buffer apparatus
and the draw apparatus arc in perfect equilibrium, and the arrangements
become continuous throughout the train, the buffer heads are never
apart, and the whole apparatus adjusts itself to the sharpost curves of
the line.
The manner in which we prefer to carry our Invention into effect is
as follows:-We employ an elliptic or double laminated or other suitable
form of spring, against one side or half of which the draw bar acts,
while the buffer beam acts against the other side. This spring is held
transversely in a frame, which is secured to the under framing of the
carriage. The inner or rear end of the draw bar is bifurcated to embrace
the top and bottom of the spring, and the branches of the bifurcation
are connected together by a vertical pin, which passes through the frame
and abuts against the back half of the spring. The buffer heads arc
secured to the ends of a semicircular beam, the central portion of which
passes through the frame and abuts against the front half of the spring.
The frame is pivoted at its inner or rear end to a strong vertical piu,
which permits the draw and buffer apparatus to adjust itself to the
movements of the vehicle in passing round curves. Slotted frames are
bolted to the under side of the framing for the buffer beam to work
in; or the buffer beam can be brought through slots in the headstocks
of carriages of ordinary construction.
In order to prevent the buffers or buffer beam spreading laterally we
employ a transverse tio bar, the ends of which are formed with depending
flanges to embrace the beam at the two sides, while the centre of the tic
bar passes under the draw bar, and is secured thereto by angle irons or
otherwisc.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Albert Benton Pullman and Louis Sternc in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st October 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wc, ALBERT
BENTON PULLMAN, of the Midland Hotel, Saint Pancras, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer, and LoUIS STERNE, of Victoria Chambers, in
the City of Westminster, Engineer, send greeting

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Пer heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Albert Benton Pullman and Louis
Sterne, Her special licence that we, the said Albert Benton Pullman
and Louis Sterne, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as wc, the said Albert Benton Pullman and Louis Sterne, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, usc,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAW AND BUFFER APPARATUS FOR RAILWAY ROLLING STOCK,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Albert Benton
Pullman and Louis Sterne our executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under our, or one of our, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Albert Benton Pullman and Louis
Sterne, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being
had to the accompanying Drawings, that is to say :-
-
Our Invention chiefly consists in the construction of what we term
compensating draw and buffer apparatus, that is to say, we so arrange
the draw and buffer springs that when the buffer heads of adjoining
vehicles are brought face to face and the couplings are screwed up tight,
both the buffer apparatus and the draw apparatus are in perfect equi-
librium, and the arrangements become continuous throughout the train,
the buffer heads are never apart, and the whole apparatus adjusts itself
to the sharpest curves of the line.
The manner in which we prefer to carry our Invention into effect is

page_text: form of spring, against one side or half of which the draw bar acts,
while the buffer beam acts against the other side This spring is hold
transversely in a frame, which is secured to the under framing of the
vehicle. The inner or rear end of the draw bar is bifurcated to embraco
the top and bottom of the spring, and the branches of the bifurcation
are connected together by a vertical pin, which passes through the frame
and abuts against the back half of the spring. The buffer heads are
secured to the ends of a semicircular beam, the central portion of which
passes through the frame and abuts against the front half of the spring
The frame is pivoted at its inner or rear end to a strong vertical pin,
which permits the draw and buffer apparatus to adjust itself to tho
movements of the vehicle in passing round curves. Slotted frames are
bolted to the under side of the framing for the buffer beam to work in ;
or the buffer beam can be brought through slots in the headstocks of
carriages of ordinary construction.
Our Invention will be fully understood on reference to the accom-
panying Drawings which represent a draw and buffer apparatus con-
structed according to our improvements.
Figure 1 is a plan of the under framing of the vehicle with the
apparatus applied thereto, Figure 2 is a side elevation with the
framing in section; Figure 3, an end view; and Figure 4, a section
through C, D.
a is an elliptic spring held in a frame b, c is the draw bar, the inner
end of which is bifurcated to embrace the top and bottom of the spring a;
and d is a vertical pin which connects the bifurcations of the draw bar
together, and passes through the frame b; this pin, which as it were
forms part of the draw bar, abuts or acts against the back half of the
spring a.
The buffer heads e, e, are secured to the ends of a semicircular
beam, the central portion of which passes through the frame b so as to
abut or act against the front half of the spring a. The frame b is pivoted
at its rear end to a pin g, which permits the apparatus to adjust itself to
the movements of the vehicle in passing round curves This pin also
passes through brackets secured to the under framing of the vehicle;
i, 2, are slotted frames bolted to the framing for the buffer beam ƒ to
work in.
In order to prevent the buffers or buffer beam spreading laterally wo
employ a transverse tic bar k, seen more clearly in Figure 5, which is a

page_text: And having now described the nature of our said Invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that we claim,―
First. The construction of compensating draw and buffer apparatus,
substantially as herein-before described.
Second. The employment of a semicircular or curved buffer beam,
arranged substantially as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Louis Sterne, on behalf of myself
and the said Albert Benton Pullman, have hereunto set my
hand and scal, this Thirtieth day of September, One thousand
cight hundred and seventy-five.