IMPROVEMENTS IN GALVANIC BATTERIES AND IN CARBONS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1884

page_text: I PAUL RAOUL DE FAUCHEUX D'HUMY of 2 Carlton Mansions Clapham Rise
in the County of Surrey, Electrical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN GALVANIC BATTERIES AND IN CARBONS FOR
THE SAME to be as follows: -
My present invention has for its object the suppression of the external vases and
of the porous vases ordinarily employed and to reduce as far as possible the number
of elements which constitute a battery.
To arrive at this result I employ outer cases of wrought or cast iron or steel of
very extended interior surface, that is to say, grooved.
These cases or receivers are of any suitable external form and according to the
nature of the battery, that is to say, of great or little resistance, can be made of any
metal.
The carbons are of the same form as the metal cases.
The first forms the exterior receiver and contains pure water, or water mixed
with chemical composition.
If this receiver is of cast iron it should contain pure water as agent, and in
order to augment its electro motive force I slide into the interior grooves, bars of
wrought iron or steel projecting to a certain distance, a terminal is attached to
these cases and forms a pole.
On the surface and on one side of these cases of cast or wrought iron or steel or
of any other metal a hole is pierced at a certain height, this hole terminates in the
form of a lip or curved tube, or overflow; below this lip or tube passes an
independent trough which receives the overflow liquids.
To dispense with porous vases I employ hollow carbons which as I have
already described are of similar form to that of the external metal case but
grooved if necessary on both its exterior and interior surfaces in order to increase
the surface as much as possible.
This carbon serves as a receiver and contains the de-polarizing liquid, it is
plunged directly into the metal case, and a terminal attached to this carbon forms
the second pole.
I have therefore but two elements in place of four.

page_text: My elements are fed by a general conduit which supplies the water necessary
by means of a tube which descends to the bottom of the metal element.
My carbons are fed by a reservoir adapted to the upper surface or arranged
on the carbon itself. Or in order to avoid the use of porous vases or of porous
plates which are very difficult to manufacture perfectly, and are very costly, I take
carbons of any form either solid or hollow or flexible and I plunge the exterior
surface or both the interior and the exterior surface according to requirement into
a bath of liquid kaolin or of porous earth commonly called pipe clay.
I allow this to dry and I repeat the process until the coating of kaolin or
pipe clay has attained the desired thickness, I allow it then again to dry and
I submit the entire in a furnace to the desired heat in order to obtain the necessary
density and resistance.
These carbons, in lieu of being plunged into a bath of liquid porous earth, can
be simply covered by hand or mechanically with a coat of plastic kaolin or pipe
clay after which they are dried and fired as above described.
I have therefore a carbon partially or entirely covered with porous earth
adhering to the same and the porous earth which envelops it forms a porous
vase.
I prepare also compressed carbons of any desired form in which I form vertical
tubes independent of each other.
These tubes contain the depolarising liquid which is thus divided.
The action of endosmose in the tubes of the carbons being very slow the decom-
position of the depolarising liquid is itself very slow and maintains the action and
the uniform intensity of the batteries from which it is desired to obtain energetic
currents.
These carbons can be formed with divisions or compartments coated or not with
porous earth and they may be of any form.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
I PAUL RAOUL DE FAUCHEUX D'HUMY of 2 Carlton Mansions, Clapham Rise
in the County of Surrey, Electrical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of the
Baid Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN GALVANIC BATTERIES AND IN CARBONS FOR
THE SAME, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My present invention, which is represented in the accompanying drawings, has
for its object the suppression of the external vases and of the porous vases
ordinarily employed and to reduce as far as possible the number of elements
which constitute a battery.
To arrive at this result I employ outer cases a of wrought or cast iron or steel
of very extended interior surface that is to say grooved as shown at Figure 1.
These cases or receivers are of any suitable external form and according to the
nature of the battery, that is to say of great or little resistance, can be made of
any metal.
The carbons are of the same form as the metal cases a.
The first forms the exterior receiver and contains pure water or water mixed with
chemical composition.
If this receiver is of cast iron it should contain pure water as agent, and in
order to augment its electro motive force I slide into the interior grooves as shown
at Figure 2 bars a¹ of wrought iron or steel projecting to a certain distance, a
terminal a is attached to these cases and forms a pole.
Near the top and on one side of these cases of cast or wrought iron or steel or
of any other metal one or more holes are pierced, these holes terminate in the form
of a lip or curved tube a³ or overflow, below this lip or tube a³ is fixed an inde-
pendent trough b which receives the overflow liquids. The case, is supported. on
insulating blocks a* as shown at Figure 1.
To dispense with porous vases I employ hollow carbons which are of similar form
to that of the external metal case a but grooved if necessary on both its exterior
and interior surfaces in order to increase the surface as much as possible.
This carbon serves as a receiver and contains the depolarizing liquid, it is
plunged directly into the metal case and a terminal attached to this carbon forms
the second pole.
I have therefore but two elements in place of four.
My metal elements are fed by a general conduit which supplies the water
necessary by means of a tube c which descends nearly to the bottom of the
metal element a
My carbons are fed by a reservoir adapted to the upper surface as will be
readily understood or arranged on the carbon itself as shown at Figure 4. Also in
order to avoid the use of porous vases or of porous plates which are very difficult
to manufacture perfectly and are very costly, I take carbons of any form either
solid or hollow or flexible and I plunge the exterior surface or both the interior

page_text: and the exterior surface according to requirements into a bath of liquid kaolin
or of porous earth commonly called pipe clay or in other suitable porous
material.
I allow this to dry and I repeat the process until the coating of kaolin or
pipe clay has attained the desired thickness, I allow it again to dry and I
submit the entire in a furnace to the desired heat in order to obtain the necessary
density and resistance.
These carbons in lieu of being plunged into a bath of liquid porous earth or
other material can be simply covered by hand or mechanically with a coat of plastic
kaolin or pipe clay or other material after which they are dried and fired as above
described.
I obtain in this manner a carbon partially or entirely covered with porous earth
adhering to the same and the porous earth which envelops it forms a porous
vase.
I prepare also compressed carbons of any desired exterior form in which according
to one arrangement I form as shown at Figure 3 vertical tubes independent of each
other.
These tubes contain the depolarizing liquid which is thus divided.
The action of endosmose in the tubes of the carbons being very slow the decom-
position of the depolarizing liquid is itself very slow and thus maintains the action
and the uniform intensity of the batteries from which it is desired to obtain
energetic currents,
These carbons can be formed with straight divisions or compartments as shown
at Figure 4 coated or not with porous earth and they may be of any exterior
form.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that
what I claim is
1. A galvanic battery consisting of a metal outer case forming one pole and
a carbon forming the second pole, thus dispensing with the outer case and porous
vase ordinarily employed substantially as herein shown and described.
2. A carbon formed hollow or with a number of cylindrical, rectangular or other
shaped tubes or chambers substantially as herein shown and described and for the
purpose stated.
3. Carbons covered with porous earth or other material substantially as herein
shown and described and for the purpose stated.