Year: 1898

page_text: I, THOMAS MESSENGER, of Paris House, Snargate Street, Dover, in the County
of Kent, Associate Member of the Institute of Civil Engineers, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to an improved method of strengthening copper pipes
and is more particularly intended for use in connection with brazed copper steam
pipes for boilers.
Owing to the demand in marine boilers for higher steam pressures the brazed
copper pipes as hitherto used are liable to fracture, and it is very desirable that
the factor of safety, at present allowed by the Board of Trade and Lloyds on
copper steam pipes, should be increased. My invention provides an easy and
efficient method of increasing this factor to any desired extent, and consists in
wrapping these pipes with carefully designed flat wrought-iron or other suitable
metal bands and where bends occur or are formed in the pipes, round bands may
be substituted. The ends of these bands are carefully cottered together, and the
cotters may be riveted or otherwise fastened when in place. The bands are so
longitudinally pitched as to allow the ordinary factor of safety to be thereby
substantially increased, and this may be done to any desired extent.
The bands for transversely surrounding and binding the copper pipes are made of
the best Yorkshire iron, or of other approved material and all parts of their joints
are 10% stronger or at least of a strength greater than the remainder of the flat
or round band itself.
One form of connecting the ends of the flat or round band consists in intro-
ducing the one end into the other forked end, and passing a cotter pin through
the three arms thus brought together; this cotter pin is then securely fixed in
place by any suitable means.

page_text: the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement: -
This invention relates to an improved method of strengthening copper pipes
and is more particularly intended for use in connection with brazed copper steam
pipes for boilers.
Owing to the demand in marine boilers for higher steam pressures the brazed
copper pipes as hitherto used are liable to fracture, and it is very desirable that
the factor of safety, at present allowed by the Board of Trade and Lloyds on
copper steam pipes, should be increased. My invention provides an easy and
efficient method of increasing this factor to any desired extent, and consists in
wrapping these pipes with carefully designed flat wrought-iron or other suitable
metal bands and where bends occur or are formed in the pipes, round bands may
be substituted. The ends of these bands are carefully cottered together, and the
cotters may be riveted or otherwise fastened when in place. The bands are so
longitudinally pitched as to allow the ordinary factor of safety to be thereby
substantially increased, and this may be done to any desired extent.
One form of connecting the ends of the flat or round band consists in intro-
ducing the one end into the other forked end, and passing a tapered cotter pin through
the three arms thus brought together; this cotter pin is then securely fixed in
place by any suitable means.
On the annexed sheet of drawings illustrating two shapes of the clip con-
structed according to my invention, Figure 1 is a side elevation of a bend in a
copper steam pipe shewing the application of both forms of the clip: Figure 2
is a transverse section on line xx of Figure 1. Figure 3 is a similar view on
line y-y of Figure 1. Figure 4 shews a suitable tool for driving the cotter-pin
home.
ne clipping bands illustrated present two patterns of clip. That attached to
and secured around the straight or comparatively straight portions of the pipe
consists of a flat metal band B the ends of which are cottered together. The
clipping bands secured around the curved or bent portions of the pipe are pre-
ferably of round metal bands or hoops, the ends being cottered together as before.
The advantages of using a round or approximately round sectioned band for
the curved portions of these pipes will be obvious.
On the drawings I have shewn the overlapping ends of the band as consisting
of a tongue bor e entering a fork b¹ or c¹ and being secured therein by a cotter-
pin d.
These bands B or C for transversely surrounding and binding the copper pipes
are made of the best Yorkshire iron, or of other approved material, and all parts
of their joints are 10 % stronger, or at least of a strength greater, than the
remainder of the flat or round band itself.
The bands may each be secured around the pipe by means of fastening devices,
whether cotter-pins, rivets or otherwise. On the drawings I have shewn the
bands formed in halves and secured together at the two places by means of cotter
pins diametrically opposite one to the other.
As an illustration of the strength imparted to a copper steam pipe by my
clip, I may state that taking a copper steam pipe 12" bore and 1/4" thick in which
the steam pressure is 110 lbs. per square inch, the pressure which will cause this
pipe to burst will be about 1250 lbs. The factor of safety on this pipe will there-
fore be 113.
Now the pressure which will burst flat wrought-iron bands placed 6 inches
apart, independently of pipe, and of the proportion shewn on the drawing, will be
about 489 lbs.; the additional factor of safety due to the bands only, will thus
be 4.4. In this working example the strength of all parts of the cottered joint
is at least 17 % in excess of that of the flat or round band itself.
The bands may be of any suitable sizes and thickness and on the accompanying

page_text: drawings where the pipe is shewn as 1/4" the flat bands are shewn to be 3/16" thick
and the round bands to be "/16" thickness or diameter.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. An improved method of strengthening copper pipes, which consists in
securing around the said pipes a number of wrought-iron or other suitable clip-
ping bands, the ends of which are fastened together by cotter-pins, rivets or other
suitable means
2. A clipping band for strengthening copper pipes, consisting of a metal band,
of flat, round or other suitable section, whose edges are joined together by means
of cotter pins, rivets or the like, substantially as and for the purposes described.
Dated this Third day of January 1890.
For the Applicant,
GEDGE & FEENY,
GO, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C.
Chartered Patent Agents.