IMPROVEMENTS IN BUTTONS AND STUDS FOR FASTENING CUFFS, WRISTBANDS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF DRESS
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Ernest de Lorière, of Great Suffolk Street,
London, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BUTTONS
AND STUDS FOR FASTENING CUFFS, WRISTBANDS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF
DRESS."
Sealed the 3rd December 1869, and dated the 7th June 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Ernest de
Lorière at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 7th June 1869.
I, CHARLES ERNEST DE LORIÈRE, of Great Suffolk Street, London,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN BUTTONS AND STUDS FOR FASTENING CUPPB, WRISTBANDS, AND
OTHER ARTICLES OF DRESS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to linked buttons and studs for seouring cuffs,
wristbands, and other articles where it is necessary or desirable that the
button or stud should be readily inserted and removed.
The head of my improved button or stud is round, square, or of any
other desired form, and may be made of gold or other metal, bone, ivory,
or pearl, and may be set with jewels or stones or otherwise ornamented.
The head is connected by a small flat straight shank or stalk to a flat
base of metal, which should be of smaller diameter than the head,

page_text: The said flat base has an aperture or recess in a part thereof extending
inward from its periphery, and the base is filed or otherwise thinned or
chamferred on the edges at this aperture, the two points or edges being
opened or bent outward so that the flat surface of the disc is slightly
inclined in contrary directions on each side of the aperture or recess, and
may be said to form a part of a screw with a broad thin blade or thread.
The object of thus forming the base is to allow the stud to be readily
inserted through the button holes without inconvenience to the wearer
or injury to the material.
The linked studs are united and secured together by a small chain
or cord, preferably a flat chain, each of whose ends is provided with a
round link or eye through which the flat shank or stem of the stud
or button passes with capability of free rotation therein. This method
of uniting the studs or buttons keeps each pair secure without inter-
fering with the free adjustment of the linked studs in inserting them
into and removing them from the holes.
In applying a pair of studs or buttons made according to my Invention
to a wristband or cuff the two holes are brought properly together, the
point or extremity of the spiral base is inserted through the said holes,
and the stud being held between the thumb and finger and revolved
thereby the base is turned or screwed through the hole, and the stud
cannot fall out or become disengaged therefrom till it has been again un-
screwed or turned out of the hole.
My improved linked studs may be advantageously applied to coats,
tunics, military and university uniforms, and to other garments, as the
flat shank through allowing the button to be turned with a slight
pressure in the button hole will prevent its turning accidentally therein,
so that the figure or device on the face of the button will always be kept
in the right position.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, 3
filed by the said Charles Ernest de Lorière in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 7th December 1869.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Charles Ernest de Loriere, Her special
licence that I, the said Charles Ernest de Loriere, my executors, ad-
ministrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles Ernest
de Loriere, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BUTTONS AND STUDS POR FASTENING CUPPS, WRISTBATDS,
AND OTHER ARTICLES OF DRESS," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Charles Ernest de Loriere, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within.
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Ernest de Loriere, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawing forming a part of this Specification :-
My Invention relates to loose buttons and studs for fastening cuffs,
wristbands, and other articles in all cases where it is necessary or
desirable that the button or stud should be readily inserted into and
removed from the button holes.
The main object of my said Invention is to provide a secure, elegant,
and comfortable device which will be perfectly secure and at the same
time capable of easy and convenient detachment.
The head of my improved button or stud may be round, square, or of
any other desired form, and may be made of gold, silver, or other metal,
or of various substances, such as bone, ivory, or pearl, it may also be
set with precious stones or enamelled, or otherwise ornamented in any

page_text: manner known in the art of jewelery. The head is eonnected by a small
straight shank or stalk, which instead of being made round as has
hitherto been the case with such buttons and studs is a flat piece with
rounded ends, the object of which construction is herein-after set forth.
This shank is connected to a base of metal, which should be of a smaller
diameter than the head and which is formed of thin metal. The general
form of the said base is circular, but a portion of it is cut away, dividing
the base radially from the periphery to the centre, and the said base is
bent and shaped in such a manner as to form a spiral blade. The
edges of the base which enclose the radial opening are filed or other-
wise thinned or chamfered, and the two points or edges which are
bent or turned in contrary directions on each side of the aperture or
recess are curved or rounded so that they will not cut or scratch. It will
thus be seen that the base may be said to form a screw with a broad thin
blade or thread. By inserting one of the rounded points of the said
screw into a button hole and turning the stud the same may he readily
inserted through the button holes without inconvenience to the wearer
or injury to the material of the garment.
The linked studs are united and secured together by a small chain or
cord, preferably a flat chain, each of whose ends is provided with a round
link or eye through which the flat shank or stem of the stud or buttom
passes, a portion of the said shank being made circular to allow of its
free rotation in the said eye. This method of uniting the studs or
buttons keeps each pair secure without interfering with the free adjust-
ment of the linked studs in inserting them into and removing them from
the holes,
In applying a pair of studs or buttons made according to my Invention
to a wristband or cuff the two holes are brought properly together, the
point or extremity of the spiral base is inserted through the said holes,
and the stud being held between the thumb and finger and revolved
thereby the base is turned or screwed through the holes, and the stud
cannot fall out or become disengaged therefrom till it has been again
unscrewed or turned out of the holes.
My improved linked studs may be advantageously applied to coats,
tunics, military and university uniforms, and to other garments, as the
flat shank, though allowing the button to be readily turned in the button
hole when a very slight pressure is exerted in the proper direction upon

page_text: kept in the right position.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 is a side view of one of my improved studs; Figure 2 is a plan
of the same shewing the head; Figure 3 is a plan shewing the base;
Figure 4 is a side view of a pair of the said studs united by a chain or
link; Figure 5 is a section on the line x, x, Figure 4. Like letters
indicate the same parts throughout the Drawing.
a is the head of the button; b is the spiral base, which is united to
the head a by the flat shank c; d is the radial opening in the said base.
The corners 1, 2, are rounded, as shewn in Figure 3 and 5, for the
purpose herein-before set forth, and it will be seen that by bending the
corners outward the base forms an inclined or spiral plane.
The linked studs, shewn in Figures 3 4 and 5, have the head a and
base 6 similar to those of the single stud or "solitaire" illustrated
in Figures 1, 2, 3, the only difference being that the part c¹ of the
shank e is made circular so as to fit and turn freely in the eye f of the
link or chain g.
Having thus fully described my said Invention, I wish it understood
that I claim, a button or stud having a spiral radially divided base and
a flat shank connecting the said base with the head, substantially as
and for the purpose set forth, whether the buttons or studs are used
separately or in pairs coupled together with a link or chain.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Ernest de Loriere, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Seventh day of December,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
nine
CHARLES ERNEST DE LORIERE. (L.S.)
30 Witness,
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE.