Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Sept., 1886.
Complete Left, 26th May, 1887.
Complete Accepted, 28th June, 1887.
I, HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of 67 Strand in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in dyeing and has for its object to produce a
fixed and permanent black dyeing of cotton, wool, silk or other materials.
The improved dyeing process is performed as follows:
I steep the material in a first mordant, which, for treating 900 kilogrammes of
material, is composed as follows:
1ST. BATH.
8 kilogrammes of chlorate of potash, 14 kilogrammes of pulverised ammonia
and 14 kilogrammes of sulphate of copper are dissolved in 100 litres of boiling
water; subsequently, 14 kilogrammes of nitrate of iron of 48° Beaume with 160 to
200 litres of cold water (according to the intensity intended to be obtained) are
added. This bath is kept in a closed reservoir until it is used.
2ND. BATH.
24 litres of aniline-oil and 24 litres of muriatic acid are stirred together and allowed
to be at rest for a quarter of an hour; subsequently, 24 litres of cold water are poured
into it and to this mixture is added 4 kilograinmes of tartaric acid dissolved in 100
to 120 litres of boiling water according to the intensity required.
The baths 1 and 2 are kept separate until they are used.
The dyeing process is executed as follows:
The first bath consists of a
A first bath is prepared in one or more earthen pans.
mixture of half of the bath No. 1 and half of the bath No. 2.
This mixture having been well mixed and agitated, a small quantity of spun cotton
or other material, for instance one kilogramme, is plunged into the same, sufficiently
[Price 6d.]

page_text: stirred therein, then wrung 4 or 6 times very strongly, and twice wrung out on a
long wringing pole for the purpose of producing a uniform distribution of the bath
on the skein of cotton or other material.
Subsequently each kilogramme of cotton or other material is, when taken out,
replaced by a fresh kilogramme; previous however to each immersion, the first, bath
of the earthen pan is renovated by adding litre of a bath consisting of 2th of a
litre of the bath No. 1 and th of a litre of the bath No. 2. This regular and
continued addition has for its purpose to keep the quantity in the bath constant.
The cotton taken out of the pans is extended on a ventilating dryer, maintained at
a temperature of 35° Centigrade, not more, the action of the air and sun being
simultaneously avoided. When the material is removed, from the dryer, it is turned
over and quickly carried into a dark dryer heated to 30° Centigrade maximum.
This temperature is maintained without being increased, and the material turned, and
it can be taken out the following morning, if it is dry.
2ND. MORDANT.
60 kilogrammes of bichromate of potash are dissolved in 1200 to 1400 litres of
boiling water, then 12 kilogrammes of sulphuric acid gradually added. Into this
boiling bath is plunged the cotton or other material, which is wrung out and then
extended and allowed to. rest for two hours in the shade and afterwards turned
several times.
Subsequently it is very thoroughly washed and then dried.
If the cotton is intended to be made more supple for, work, it may be softened by
means of a bath of 2 kilogrammes of oil and 2 kilogrammes of soap, which two
materials are mixed together in 80 litres of boiling water; this bath suffices for softening
150 kilogrammes of cotton, after the washing, that is to say before drying the same.
H. J. HADDAN
Pp. Herbert & Co.,
67, Strand, Agents.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Dyeing.
I, HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the firm of Herbert & Co., Patent Agents, of
67 Strand, London, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention, a communication to me from abroad by Abel Henry, of
Savonniéres, near Bar-le-Duc, France, Manufacturer, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
It is known that in producing a black dye for cotton or other textile matters, which
shall not turn green or greenish, good results have been attained by the process
" Gravitz."
This process has however a grave defect in that the colour is not
fixed.
The object of this invention is a process for dyeing cotton or other-textile matter,
of a black colour which shall not turn green and shall be perfectly fixed.
This result has not heretofore been obtained although most of the ingredients
employed in this improved process have been heretofore employed.
The following is a description of the process.
The cotton is preferably first boiled for twelve hours in an aqueous soloution of soda
of 2° B in a closed boiler, afterwards washed in water and dried at a temperature of
40° and allowed to cool.
The dyeing is effected by two operations. The first and most characteristic consists
in immersing the material in a bath composed of two solutions which should only be
mixed at the moment when they are about to be used. The following are the two
solutions the quantities given being sufficient for the treatment of 900 Kilogrammes
of material.

page_text: When required for use,
half of solution No. 1 and half of solution No. 2 are mixed
in one or more earthen pans and well agitated and stirred together, a small quantity
of the cotton, for instance 1 Kilo. steeped and worked therein and well wrung out four
to six times so that the bath is caused to reach all the fibres of the cotton. When the
first Kilo. of cotton is removed from the pan it removes about half a litre of the bath,
this is replaced by stirring in an equivalent amount of the first and second solutions
mixed in the proportion of 2 to 1. A second kilo of cotton is now taken and treated
in a similar manner and so on until the whole is completed. The cotton having left
the bath is stretched upon the rails of a ventilated drying room and kept at a
temperature of 35° or more for about an hour light being excluded. The cotton
being removed from the ventilating dryer is opened and turned and rapidly transferred
to a dark dryer heated to 30° in which it is allowed to dry completely and slowly for
about 12 hours. The cotton will then have a deep green colour.
The second operation consists in passing the textile matter treated as described in
a bath composed as follows, 60 Kilogrammes of bichromate of potash dissolved in
1200 to 1400 litres boiling water. 12 Kilogrammes of sulphuric acid added by
degrees.
The matter is immersed for several minutes in this boiling bath, wrung somewhat
strongly and stretched in a dark place and frequently turned for two hours. It is
then well washed and allowed to dry.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of said invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
The dyeing cotton and other textile matters of a fast black colour, the process
consisting in passing the matters rapidly and in small quantities through a bath
composed of two solutions mixed as set forth. The first solution being composed with
Chlorate of Potash, Sulphate of copper, Chlorhydrate of ammonia, nitrate of iron and
water, and the second solution being of aniline or its homologues, muriatic acid,
tartaric acid and water-Thereupon drying the matters in a current of air for a short
time at 35° and for 12 hours (more or less) at 30°, without exposure to light.
Subjecting the matters, thereafter to the action of a bath composed of bichromate of
potash, sulphuric acid and water, leaving the matter to dry in a dark place about two
hours and finally washing them and allowing them to dry.