Improvements in Wheel Tyres for Vehicles, specially Bicycles and Tricycles.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Nov. 1893
Complete Specification Left, 29th May, 1894-Accepted, 30th June, 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Wheel Tyres for Vehicles, specially Bicycles
and Tricycles.
MARK SMITH Printers Engineer 20 Mayfield Road Whalley Range Manchester
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The rim of cycles are generally made about one half circle to receive either
solid indiarubber or india-rubber tubes when inflated by air called pneumatic some
thick tubes called cushion tyres. My object is to aim at the elastic nature of the
pneumatic tyre and overcome the trouble of punctureing and collapsing lessen
cost of production. My invention consists in arranging a steel ring larger than
the wheel rim enclosed within an india-rubber covering and applied in the
following manner.
The steel ring which may be flat or any suitable shape is large enough to leave: a.
distance between the wheel rim and steel ring of about three quarters of an inch
equal distance all around.
The ring is placed in position then the india-rubber covering is drawn over
the steel ring and around the wheel rim and sewn to the underside of wheel
rim; the ring being actually sewn inside between the india rubber covering and
rim of wheel the same pressure as nearly as possible applied all around by the
india-rubber cover keeps the ring an equal distance from the wheel rim.
The ring is also kept in position side ways by means of clips fastened to the
ring which span the side of wheel rim but otherwise free and allow the ring to
press towards the centre of wheel, the ring and clips may be made any suitable
shape for strength and lightness if the ring is made the shape of the letter Uit
can either span the wheel rim or the wheel rim can span the ring which would
prevent side movement enough clearance being left to allow the ring to act when
the ring is in contact with the ground it is slightly flattened and bulges within the
india rubber covering this covering being elastic enough to allow expansion the
steel ring may be covered with a soft material to prevent wear of india-rubber
covering the elastic nature of this tyre is due to the yielding nature of the inside
steel ring and outside india-rubber covering applied in the way described.
The steel ring may be made rigid enough not to bulge in this case the elasticity
would be from the pressure of the ring in the india rubber covering.
DL_ of Naambar 1002
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Wheel Tyres for Vehicles, specially Bicycles
and Tricycles.
I, MARK SMITH of 20 Mayfield Road, Whalley Range, Manchester in the
County of Lancaster, Printer's Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of this invention is the construction of tyres for the wheels of bicycles
tricycles and other vehicles used on common roads in such a manner that they
combine the advantages of existing pneumatic and cushion tyres with those of a
lessened cost and immunity from the risks of puncture and collapse.

page_text: My invention consists in arranging upon the rim of the wheel, a steel ring or
hoop and
an indiarubber cover by means of which the steel ring is connected with
the rim. The steel ring may be flat or of any suitable cross section and is of such
a diameter as to leave about three quarters of an inch all round between it and the
rim, this uniform distance being ensured by the means of connection which also
ensures similar uniform tension between the rim and the ring, when no load is on
the wheel. When the steel ring or its cover is in contact with the ground in use,
it is slightly flattened and bulges within its indiarubber cover which is sufficiently
elastic to allow of this deformation. The elasticity of the tyre is due to the
yielding nature of the inside steel ring and its covering, or, if the steel ring be
made sufficiently rigid not to bulge appreciably, the elasticity arises from the
pressure of the ring upon the india rubber covering.
I will more particularly describe my said invention with reference to the
accompanying drawings in which :-
:-
Figure 1 is a cross section through the rim and tyre of a bicycle wheel con-
structed and arranged to embody my improvements.
Figure 2 is a similar view of a modified form of construction.
Figure 3 illustrates my improvements as applied to a carriage wheel for use on
common roads.
Figure 4 is a perspective view of a portion of the rim and tyre illustrated by
Figure 2.
Figure 5 is a perspective view of a portion of the rim and tyre shewn in Figure 3.
In each of the figures similar parts are illustrated by similar letters of reference.
The steel ring or hoop A having a larger diameter than the rim or felloe B is
arranged upon the rim in such a manner that there is normally a distance of about
three quarters of an inch, more or less, between them. This ring or hoop may have
any convenient and suitable cross section, but I prefer to make it flat or convex.
If flat, its edges are preferably turned inwards or rounded to prevent its chafing
or cutting the cover. The steel ring or hoop is secured by any suitable means
which will prevent their relative movement in the indiarubber cover C, as for
example by sewing, by cement, rivets and the like, and to further prevent
relative movement, the indiarubber cover where it is in contact with the ring
or hoop may be coated with or have inserted therein before vulcanisation, some
inextensible fabric which will prevent the rubber from stretching but will not
interfere with its compression and recovery. The cover is preferably U-shaped
as represented by the drawings, and, with its enclosed ring or hoop, is attached
to the rim of the wheel by any of the various well known devices. For example,
that part of each wing of the cover which will be in contact with the rim is
coated or has inserted therein an inextensible fabric D, and through these parts
and through or under the rim may pass the bolts E, thus securing the cover
and the steel hoop or ring upon the wheel. This connection with the wheel
may be reinforced by annular or segmental plates F. Thus, as shewn in
Figure 1, the wings of the cover extend below the rim and are secured by the
bolts E, under the heads of which on the one side, and the nuts on the other, are
arranged the angle plates F, each of which is curved concentrically with the wheel.
In the modification represented by Figures 2 and 4 the bolts E pass through the
wings of the cover and the rim. In the construction illustrated by Figures 3 and 5
the bolts pass through the felloe of the wheel, and the connection is reinforced by
the plates F'.
If it should be desired to provide means for preventing sidewise motion of the
ring or hoop relatively to the rim of the wheel, it may be provided with clips or
the like which extend towards and span across or come within the rim of the wheel,
or it may be made U-shaped so that the extremities of the ring or hoop span or are
spanned by the rim, sufficient clearance being allowed to allow the free motion
inwards and outwards of the ring or hoops.
Also, if it be desired, the tread of the cover may be faced with leather or other
similar and suitable material.

page_text: When the wheel is in use, the part of the tyre which is in contact with the
ground is slightly flattened and the force exerted upon it is transferred to the
remainder of the tyre and is absorbed by the elasticity of the part of the cover-
between the ring or hoop and the rim, and the wheel itself is suspended from the
upper part of the ring by the elastic indiarubber cover.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. An elastic tyre for road vehicle wheels, constructed and arranged substantially
as hereinbefore described and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
2. An elastic tyre for road vehicle wheels, consisting essentially of a steel ring or
hoop of larger diameter than the rim of the wheel and connected therewith by an
indiarubber cover, substantially as herein before described and as illustrated by
the accompanying drawings.
3
2
ليمم
1
AD 1004
WILLIAM E. HEYS.