Improvements in and connected with Rock Boring Apparatus.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Rock Boring Apparatus.
I, FRANK BAKER, of 1, Leadenhall Street, London, E.C., Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to provide an appliance for enlarging bore-
holes and is especially applicable for operating through a small bore or tube
casing or lining. The cutters are arranged to be expanded or contracted at the
will of the operator, and may be set to cut a bore of sufficient diameter to permit
the casing to easily follow. At the same time the appliance may be readily with-
drawn from the bore when required by contracting the cutters so as to lie against
their tube. The appliance may be employed in conjunction with a pilot bore
so that by a single operation the bore will be first formed by the pilot cutter
and then enlarged by the reaming cutters of my appliance.
Referring now to the accompanying drawings
Figure 1 is an elevation of my improved apparatus partly in section in which
four cutter levers or reamers are shown.
Figure 2 is a similar view to Figure 1 but shewing my apparatus constructed
with six cutter levers or reamers.
Figure 3 is a sectional plan at X-X of Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a sectional plan at y-y of Figure 2.
Figure 5 is a vertical section showing an alternative arrangement of parts
of my apparatus.
Figure 6 is a sectional plan at line on Figure 5.
"
In these drawings "A" is a tubular boring rod which is connected to an inside
tube "C" by a matching coupling "B." The outer surface of the tube "0"
is turned smooth. This tube enters an outer tube "D" the inside face of which
is turned smooth to correspond with the outer surface of "C," so as to enable
the tube "C" to be readily moved in a vertical direction in the tube "D."
Keys C, C" are firmly secured to the tube "C" and lie within slots "D"
in the tube "D "thus forming guides for the vertical movement of the tube "C."
"E" is a metal ring which is screwed in the lower end of the tube "C" and its
position within such tube is adjusted by screwing it within such end. The
diametrical expansion and contraction of cutters "F" is controlled by the pres-
sure of this ring with the movement of the tube "C." The cutters "F, F" are
"F"
in the form of levers having arms "F2" within the tubing and cutter arms
without the tubing of the appliance they articulate and have their fulcrums
at "F" in the tubing "G." This tubing "G" is screwed at its top end into the
tube "D" a little way above the fulcrums of the levers. The socket piece "G"
is connected by another matching coupling "H" to the pilot boring rod "J"
to which latter a chip cup may be attached or it may carry pilot boring tool or
cutter.
61
"K" is a flexible ring which encircles the arms of the cutters within the
appliance and is arranged to draw the internal arms F2" together into the
nosition shown on Figure 4.

page_text: "L, L" are tap bolts or plugs which are securely fastened to the socket piece "G"
and are for the purpose of forming a rigid stay or support for the cutter "F"
during the operation of reaming.
The bottom of the cutter arms are splayed or bevelled (see Figure 2) so as to
form a cutting edge at "F3"
Referring to Figure 5 which shews an alternative construction of the appliance,
the inner tube "C" terminates at its bottom in a solid end "M" through which
perforations "MI" are formed and the central portion of which is tapped and
receives the dilator rod "N" which in its turn is screwed and provided with a
lock nut "N" for vertical adjustment. The rod "N" is for the purpose of down-
wardly pressing the scissor-like arms "F2" (as hereinafter described) so as to
force the cutter "F" outward. The cutter in this construction have their
arms "F2" within the appliance turned downwardly instead of upwardly,
as in the previous case. These arms "F2" are arranged to cross each other
scissorwise. The cutters are articulated in the socket piece "G" in similar man-
ner to that before described and the ends of their internal arms impinge
against "P" which press such arms to force the cutter "F" close in to the tubing
as illustrated on the drawing (Figure 5) when the pressure of the rod "N" is
released.
The cutters "F" are preferably made of steel or a malleable metal, and may have
diamonds set in their cutting faces.
The modus operandi of the invention is as follows:-
The drill operator when desiring to under ream the casing or lining "R" or
enlarge borehole, attaches my appliance to the boring rods at "A" and "J" he
ascertains if the sliding tube "C" is free by raising it, having previously ad-
justed the flexible rubber ring "K" round the top of arms
"F" to ensure equal
contraction of top ends and expansion of lower outer ends of cutters. The casing
or lining "R" is raised a few inches from the bottom of ledge of which it has
been resting, the cutters are then contracted and entered into the top of the casing
or lining "R" and the appliance lowered, the lower end of the cutters cannot
expand until the bottom of the casing or lining "R" is reached, where the
enlarged diameter permits of their expansion, having contracted at the inner
top end and expanded at the outer lower end the cutters "F" cannot be lowered
further than the ledge "F" on which the casing or lining "R" rested, then the
inner tube "C" descends and the ring "E" firmly holds the top "F2" of the
cutters in position and boring is proceeded with.
In withdrawing my appliance the outer sides of the cutters "F" come in contact
with the inner edge of casing "R" in bore and immediately such resistance is
offered, the inner tube "C" with cross key "C" is drawn upwards to top of
slots "D1" thus leaving room for the expansion of the inner arms 12 of cutters F”
and contraction of outer ends to a lesser diameter than the casing or lining it has
to pass through. The appliance can be used simultaneously with full rig of boring
appliances attached at the lower end "J" or single and with or without a water
current being used.
In the alternative arrangement of my improvements as shewn on Figures 5
and 6 it will be seen that the dilator rod "N" is preferably oval in section may
act as a wedge in pressing out the scissor like arms "F3" (which latter have
similar functions to the corresponding parts "F2" in Figure 1, save and except
that they are inverted) and it will be seen (Figure 5) that the dilation of the
arms F2" will proportionately enlarge the diameter between the points of the
cutters at "F3"
66
Dated this 28th day of November 1000
MARKS & CLERK,
18, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., and
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents.

page_text: Improvements in and connected with Rock Boring Apparatus.
I, FRANK BAKER, of 1, Leadenhall Street, London, E.C., Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The object of this invention is to provide an appliance for enlarging bore-
holes and is especially applicable for operating through a small bore or tube
casing or lining. The cutters are arranged to be expanded or contracted at the
will of the operator and may be set to cut a bore of sufficient diameter to permit
the casing to easily follow. At the same time the appliance may be readily with-
drawn from the bore when required by contracting the cutters so as to lie against
their tube. The appliance may be employed in conjunction with a pilot bore
so that by a single operation the bore will be first formed by the pilot cutter
and then enlarged by the reaming cutters of my appliance.
Referring to the drawings filed with the Provisional Specification.
Figure 1 is an elevation of my improved apparatus partly in section in which
four cutter levers, or reamers are shown.
Figure 2 is a similar view to Figure 1 but shewing my apparatus constructed
with six cutter levers, or reamers.
Figure 3 is a sectional plan at X-X of Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a sectional plan at Y-Y of Figure 2.
Figure 5 is a vertical section shewing an alternative arrangement of parts
of my apparatus.
Figure 6 is a sectional plan at line on Figure 5.
In these drawings "A" is a tubular boring rod which is connected to an inside
tube "C" by a matching coupling "B." The outer surface of the tube "C"
is turned smooth. This tube enters an outer tube "D" the inside face of which
is turned smooth to correspond with the outer surface of C," so as to enable
the tube "C" to be readily moved in a vertical direction in the tube "D."
Keys "C, C" are firmly secured to the tube "C" and lie within slots "D1"
in the tube "D" thus forming guides for the vertical movement of tube "C"
"E" is a metal ring which is screwed in the lower end of the tube "C" and its
position within such tube is adjusted by screwing it within such end. The
diametrical expansion and contraction of cutters F is controlled by the pres-
sure of this ring with the movement of the tube "C." The cutters "F, F" are
in the form of levers having arms "F2" within the tubing and cutter arms F
without the tubing of the appliance-they articulate and have their fulcrums
at F, in the tubing "G." This tubing G is screwed at its top end into the
tube "D" a little way above the fulcrums of the levers. The socket piece "G"
is connected by another matching coupling "H" to the pilot boring rod "J"
to which latter a chip cup may be attached or it may carry pilot boring tool or
cutter.
66
"K" is a flexible ring which encircles the arms of the cutters within the
appliance and is arranged to draw the internal arms Fe" together into the
position shown on Figure 4.
66 F"
"L, L" are tap bolts or plugs which are securely fastened to the socket piece "G"
and are for the purpose of forming a rigid stay or support for the cutters
during the operation of reaming.
The bottom of the cutter arms are splayed or bevelled (see Figure 2) so as to
form a cutting edge at "F3"
Referring to Figure 5 which shows an alternative construction of the appliance,

page_text: 66
the inner tube "C" terminates at its bottom in a solid end "M" through which
perforations "M1" are formed and the central portion of which is tapped and
receives the dilator rod "N" which in its turn is screwed and provided with a
lock nut "N" for vertical adjustment. The rod "N" is for the purpose of down-
wardly pressing the scissor-like arms F2" (as hereinafter described) so as to
force the cutter "F" outward. The cutters in this construction have their
arms within the appliance turned downwardly instead of upwardly,
as in the previous case these arms "F2" are arranged to cross each other
scissorwise. The cutters are articulated in the socket piece "G" in similar man-
ner to that before described and the ends of their internal arms impinge against
springs "P" which press such arms to force the cutters "F" close in to the tubing
as illustrated on the drawing (Figure 5) when the pressure of the rod "N" is
released.
The cutters "F" are preferably made of steel or a malleable metal, which may
have diamonds set in their cutting faces.
The modus operandi of the invention is as follows:-
The drill operator when desiring to under ream the casing or lining "R" or
enlarge borehole, attaches my appliance to the boring rods at "A" and "J" and
ascertains if the sliding tube "C" is free by raising it, having previously ad-
justed the flexible rubber ring "K" round the top of the arms "F2" to ensure equal
contraction of top ends and expansion of lower outer ends of cutters. The casing
or lining "R" is raised a few inches from the bottom of the ledge on which it has
been resting, the cutters are then contracted and enter into the top of the casing
or lining "R" and the appliance lowered the lower end of the cutters cannot
expand until the bottom of the casing or lining "R" is reached, where the
enlarged diameter permits of their expansion: having contracted at the inner
top end and expanded at the outer lower end the cutters "F" cannot be lowered
further than the ledge "F" on which the casing or lining "R" rested, then the
inner tube C" descends and the ring "E" firmly holds the top 12" of the
cutters in position and boring is proceeded with.
"
In withdrawing my appliance the outer sides of the cutters "F" come in contact
with the inner edge of casing "R" in bore and immediately such resistance is
offered, the inner tube "C" with cross key "C1" is drawn upwards to the top of
slots thus leaving room for the expansion of the inner arms "F2" of cutters
"F" and contraction of outer ends to a lesser diameter than the casing or lining it
has to pass through. The appliance can be used simultaneously with full rig of boring
appliances attached at the lower end "J" or single and with or without a water
current being used.
<
In the alternative arrangement of my improvements as shown on Figures 5
and 6 it will be seen that the dilator rod "N" which is preferably oval in section
may act as a wedge in pressing out the scissor like arms Fa" (which latter have
similar functions to the corresponding parts F2 in Figure 1 save and except that
they are inverted) and it will be seen (Figure 5) that the dilation of the arms "F2"
will proportionately enlarge the diameter between the points of the cutters at F³.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim
is:-
1. In rock boring apparatus. Two or more articulated lever cutters whose cutting
ends can be increased or decreased in diameter at will of operator and means for
so increasing or decreasing the diameter substantially as and for the purposes
set forth.
68
2. In rock boring apparatus; -In combination inside tube as C" connected
to boring rod as "A" and carrying ring as "E" with levers as "F" tubing
as "D" and guides for raising and lowering inside the tube "C" in such tubing
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
3. In rock boring apparatus;-In combination, lever cutters as
"F" flexibl

page_text: ring as "K" tubing as "G" connected with boring rod as "J" and stay blocks
as L" substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
"
"
4. In rock boring apparatus;-In combination levers having cutters arms
as "and internal arms as F2" and fulcrumed upon tubing as "G" with
dilator rod as "N" attached to inner tube as "C" and springs as
Pimpinging
upon the inside arms substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
"
5. The combination and arrangement of the parts substantially as described
and illustrated respectively on Figures 1 and 3, 2 and 4 and alternatively on
Figures 5 and 6 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 19th dy of Fah 1900
MARKS & CLERK,
18, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, and
25, Cross Street, Manchester,
Agents.
MARKS & CLERK,
18, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, and
25, Cross Street, Manchester,
Agents.