An Improved Combined Turning and Boring Lathe.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Nov., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 12th Aug., 1893-Accepted, 11th Nov., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Combined Turning and Boring Lathe.
JOHN HARRIS EVANS 1 Alpha Villa Calton Road Bath, County of Somerset,
Mechanical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My improvements enable me to perform all kinds of turning and screwcutting
within the capabilities of an ordinary selfacting, screwcutting, slide and surfaceing
lathe, also all kinds of fixed boring including cylinders of large bore, and backhead
or rotated boring in the same lathe, also to turn and bore at one and the same
time.
I obtain these results by my improvements hereinafter specified.
The spindle of my improved lathe backhead is bored through its centre, and so
groved or feathered as to admit a boring bar holder, screwed to fit upon a ratchet,
spur, or worm wheel, either of which wheels I may use; the said wheels being
actuated, by the ordinary change wheels used for traversing the saddle of the lathe,
for turning or screwcutting.
The beforementioned spindle bearing is of special construction, it being a double
cone bearing, of which special bearings I may use one or more according to the
nature of the work for which the lathe might be required.
For all kinds of fixed boring a boring bar is attached to the boring bar holder
before mentioned; and is rotated and traversed, right or left, when lathe is put into
motion as may be required.
I have also an upper and a lower bed to my lathe, the upper bed sliding
longitudinally over the lower bed, being maintained central by projections in upper
bed fitting into groves in lower bed and held in position at any point by suitable
bolts.
The work to be bored is bolted firmly to the bed of the lathe, the boring bar
with its cutters is rotated and traversed through the part of the work to be bored ;
the cutters being arranged for the various diamators required.
For fixing large and heavy work, to be bored upon my improved lathe, I provide
a compound table sliding and fitting betwen front of back head, and front of upper
bed; and secured by suitable bolts to same; and adjusted by screw arrangment,
provision being made to ensure said table always maintaining a perfect level and a
perfect square with the lathe at whatever position it may be set; enabling all
kinds of work to be set most accurate and expeditious for boring, the said table
is only required for large and heavy work ordinary work being easily fixed upon
the bed of the lathe.
To make my improved lathe perform ordinary turning after the fixed boring
before mentioned I have only to remove the boring bar and put in the back centre,
when it is at once complete for turning anything within the capabilities of an
ordinary turning lathe; or if I have been boring large heavy work requiring the
beforementioned table I have only to remove said table and boring bar, when my
machine is at once a perfect gap lathe, capable of dealing with large heavy or small
work.
By means of a bracket and gear fixed upon front head and actuated from feed
shaft or leading screw; said gear fitting upon screwed spindle of front head,
and so traversing said spindle and forcing a boring bar or bit forward I may
perform all kinds of rotated boring, or I may attach a boring bar and bit, to the
boring bar holder in back head spindle beforementioned and so draw the bar and
bit through the work, while said work is being rotated, the bar and bit having no
other motion than traversing. In either case the end of boring bar would fit into
the hollow spindle in back head; suitable bushes being provided for the various

page_text: diamators of boring bars; this arrangment being specially for long deep bores
and heavy work.
My improved turning and boring lathe is self contained no alteration being
required to perform the various kinds of work described beyond what is mentioned,
and it may be changed from turning to boring, or from boring to turning
immeadatly, these improvements enable an immense range of work to be performed
upon one machine.
This improved lathe, is also intended to work my Patent "Improved Apparatus
for Turning Metals," No. 3054 dated Jan. 4: 1892.
The special construction of the back head spindle before mentioned being
specially designed to meet the requirments of same.
The saddle of the lathe, is also arranged to carry the turning apparatus, and the
ordinary compound rest at same time.
The general construction of my improved combined turning and boring lathe;
is precisely simalar to that of an ordinary turning lathe, difering only in the
improved details beforementioned.
Dated this 12th dex of November 1800
JOHN HARRIS EVANS.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Combined Turning and Boring Lathe.
JOHN HARRIS EVANS 1 Alpha Villas Calton Road Bath England, Mechanical
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :--
The object of this invention, is to enable various kinds of boring and turning to
be performed upon one and the same lathe without alteration: the said lathe being
equally a boring machine, or a turning lathe on the most approved principles, in
many cases, boring and turning at the same time, thereby saving considerable time
and labour.
Fig. 1. represents front elevation of lathe complete, which is, in many respects,
similar to an ordinary turning lathe.
I will now describe the improvements whereby I obtain the results before
specified. J. is the spindle of the back head. A and B are compound tables for
fixing heavy work upon; to be bored :-C. C. are the grooved vertical faces to
receive the ends of lower table A, which table is raised and lowered by screw D.
and secured in position by suitable bolts passing through A. and C. C. B. is the
top table, sliding upon registers shewn at B' B', or it may be lifted out of the
registers shewn at B' B', and turned to the right or left upon a centre pin, thus
fixing the work to be bored, square, or at any given angle. F. is the lower bed,
cast solid with main backhead. E. is top bed, fitting and sliding over lower
bed to admit boring tables A and B. The saddle and slide rest arrangement are
same as in an ordinary lathe.
Fig. 2. shews plan of lathe complete the grooves are for guiding tables A
and B vertically and for receiving bolts to secure the said tables-being shewn
at C. C. C. C. E. E. represent top faces of upper bed.
Z represents back
traversing shaft-same as used in ordinary lathes for traversing saddle.
Fig. 3. gives sectional view of upper and lower beds. The upper bed E. slides
grooves in the lower bed at FF and is held in position by bolts at F¹ F¹.
Fig. 4. represents main spindle with its feed gear and attachments.
in
J. is the
main spindle fitting into main back head. This spindle is bored and grooved quite
through its centre to receive feed bar K. and boring bar holder U. J² J Jare
the cones upon spindle J. and G. G. G. are locknuts for taking up the wear in said
cones and securing the same. M. is a hand and spur wheel combined; screwed
through its centre and fitting upon tail end of feed bar K for actuating the

page_text: same.
N. is a spur wheel fixed upon end of main spindle J. and is used for driving
the gear neccessary for traversing shaft Z and feed wheel M.
Fig. 5 shews end view of main back head, with its gear for traversing, and feed
motions. K. is end of feed bar for fixed boring. J. is the main spindle, J' J¹, are
the grooves in main spindle, which run through the whole length of the same.
N, is the driving wheel on main spindle. R, is an intermediate spur wheel, working
into wheel N. and drives R¹ which is a spur wheel and pulley combined. O. is a
speed pulley driven by belt from R'. O' is a spur wheel fixed upon same spindle
as speed pulley O. P₁ is a quadrant, rocking upon a stud and carrying
pinions P. P, which fit into spur wheels Q and O. The lever P' is attached to
quadrant P for operating the same. S. S' is a spur wheel and pulley combined
driven by belt, and works into wheel M for actuating feed bar K.
Fig. 6. shews detailed view of boring bar X, with manner of attachment to
boring bar holder U. U is a bush, fitting into spindle J, for guiding boring bar X.
and the springs V. V., are shewn expanded for releasing boring bar X.
Fig. 7. is front, end view, of boring bar holder U.
Fig. 8. is sectional elevation, shewing boring bar holder U, and boring bar X, in
position as when at work.
Fig. 9. is plan of spring V.
Fig. 10. illustrates boring bar X, with steel cutter X³, in position.
Same letters apply to same parts, throughout all the drawings.
I will now describe more fully my invention, and manner of working the same.
The complete side elevation is shewn at Fig. 1. with boring tables A and B ; and
boring bar U for fixed boring-in position.
39
The work to be bored, is fixed upon upper table B, and bolted down with bolts,
the heads of which, fit and slide in the "tee grooves in the said table. This top
table B. is bolted down to lower table A, in the same way. The registers B1, B₁,
on under side of upper table B, slide in grooves on top side of lower table A.
This enables the work fixed upon the top table to be slid forward and backward
over lower table, always keeping the work square with the lathe centres: so that if
two or more holes are to be bored, parallel to each other, in the work in hand :-
the bolts securing table B. to table A. only have to be slackened when the top
table B, is free to slide backward or forward until the exact position is obtained.
Then table B. is bolted down to table A as beforementioned; and the work
proceeds as before. If any holes in the work require boring at given angles, the
upper table B, is lifted out of the registers B', B, and centre pin B-Fig. 2. is
dropped in. The upper and lower tables are both bored to receive said pin. The
top table B. will swivel right or left, and the scale of angles, marked on the edge
of B, determines the angle required. After having bored one hole in the work at
a given height of centre from its base-should another hole require boring at a
different height of centre:-the bolts C, C', are slackened, and the nut D' fitting
upon screw D, is revolved right or left. This raises or lowers the tables A and B
and when the required height is attained, the bolts C₁ are tightened, and work
proceeds. The work remains fixed all the time upon table B, and the manipulations
for various centres are performed by these means.
Thus a number of holes at different centres and at different angles—
-can be bored
in the same piece of work, by once fixing to top plate B. without removing the
same, securing most accurate results with a minimum of labour. This arrangement
of table A, fitting and sliding between front of back head and front of upper bed E,
is shewn at C. C. C. C. Fig. 2. where table A. fits into vertical recesses in front of
upper bed E and front of back head at F3, thus always raising and lowering it
perfectly level and square with the lathe.
The saddle and compound rest 3. 3, are exactly same as those of an ordinary
lathe, and are used for turning.
The speed pulley F, is secured to main spindle J. and is driven by belt. Boring
bar U is attached to feed bar K as shewn at K-Fig. 4. Two feathers are
provided on head of feed screw K as also shewn at K. These feathers fit into

page_text: grooves in spindle J ;--thus when spindle J, is revolved, the boring bar U³, must
revolve with it; and when feed screw K is drawn backward, or forced forward, the
boring bar U must travel in the same direction. This travelling or feed motion
of the boring bar, is obtained in the following manner :—Spur wheel N, on end of
main spindle is fixed to same, and when spindle J, is revolved, wheel N, must
revolve also. This same wheel N, gears into spur wheel R, Fig. 4, and Fig. 5, and
drives spur wheel and pulley R¹, from which pulley, a belt is carried to speed
pulley O. for driving the same.
Another belt is carried from pulley O, to pulley S, on spur wheel S¹, Figs. 4.
and 5. Spur wheel S₁ gears into wheel M, for working the same; so that, when
the lathe is put in motion,-the whole of this gear is revolved and spur wheel S¹³,
drives spur wheel M. which wheel is screwed through its centre, to fit upon screwed
end of K. When this wheel M is revolved, the feed bar K, is also revolved, but
at a different speed, and this difference of speed causes feed bar K to be forced
gradually and evenly forward and boring bar U2 is carried along with it. Thus
boring bar U with its cutter is travelled forward and revolved through the work,
and thus bores the same. Various cutters or cutter heads are provided for various
diameters of bore as in ordinary boring machines.
The spur pinions P. P. on quadrant P¹ work into spur wheel Q, and are for
driving the feed shaft Z which traverses the saddle of the lathe for ordinary
turning, and are put in or out of gear by lever P.
Both boring feed gear and turning feed gear can be worked together, or
separately as may be desired. X' Fig. 1. is a bracket for carrying overhanging
end of boring bar U through which the bar slides, as it is fed forward. The hand
wheel on spur wheel M, is for revolving it by hand, to draw boring bar back
quickly to original position after the work has been turned. The tables A. and B
are only intended for large or intricate work: small work being easily bored upon
the lathe bed. After boring as described, I have only to remove boring bar U
and bracket X', put in the back centre, and the lathe is ready for turning as an
ordinary turning lathe. If it has been neccessary to use the tables A and B for
boring I have only to slack the bolts CC-lift out the tables, and the machine
is at once a gap lathe capable of dealing with large, heavy work. Slack the
bolts E revolve pinion E', with ratchet spanner, and top bed E, will travel along
the rack E³, then the machine is a perfect ordinary turning lathe.
The multiple cones on the lathe spindle J, as shewn at J, J, J, Fig. 4, are
specially designed for stability and accuracy of bearing. I may use two or more
in each bearing as the nature of the work to be produced, upon the lathe may
require. The object of the multiple cone hearing is to ensure a constant cone
bearing. When work is being turned upon the faceplate of the lathe, without the
aid of the centres, the tendency of all lathe spindles, is to ride forward. Exactly
the same thing occurs when boring from right to left. This riding forward in the
spindle, practically takes the spindle off the front cone, causing it to ride upon the
neck of the spindle immediately at the back of said cone. But by my additional
cone J (situate at back of front bearing) this forward thrust is wholly taken upon
the same, thereby always insuring a perfect cone bearing under all conditions of
work. Moreover the work executed upon these same cones, is of superior finish
and accuracy.
The rotated, or back head boring, is performed in the following manner :-An
ordinary chuck, or faceplate is fixed upon screwed end of main spindle J.
The work to be bored, is set, and secured to said plate.
This class of boring is performed, exactly the opposite way to the fixed boring,
previously described. In the fixed boring, the work to be bored, remains quite
stationary whilst the cutters and boring bar, revolve and travel through the work;
whereas in rotated boring, the work to be bored, revolves, whilst the cutters and
boring bar X. simply slide through the work. This boring bar X is provided with
a long feather fitting and sliding in head of standard X. This feather is shewn
at X Fig. 10. and it prevents the said bar X, revolving.

page_text: The tail end of boring bar holder, U. is turned to fit into head of feed bar K,
at K¹ exactly same as the boring bar U previously described, and is held in
position, by cottar driven quite through K at K, Fig. 4, and end of boring bar
holder U, which fits into the same. The front end of this boring bar holder U., is
bored to receive boring bar X, as shewn at Fig. 6.
The bush U is made in three or four sizes, to accomodate various sizes of boring
bars. The said bush fits into front end of spindle J, and when boring bar holder U,
is drawn backward, the springs V. V. fall into the grooved neck of boring bar X,
and carry the boring bar X, through the work with a sliding motion.
The feather X on boring bar X, prevents it from revolving; thus, when the
lathe is put into motion, the feed bar K, with boring bar holder attached, co.n mence
to slide inward. The feed arrangement is identically the same as previously
described for fixed boring without any alteration; and as the boring bar holder is
drawn inward, the springs V. V. are closed by bush U' which fits close upon the
same as shewn at Fig. 8.
The top ends of springs V. V. fitting into grooved neck of boring bar X, enables
boring bar holder U, to revolve, but at the same time to draw the boring bar X
and cutter X through the rotated work, thus boring the same most expeditiously.
Various sized cutters can be used in boring bar X, but in all cases, the end of
boring bar X enters the bush U₁ before the cutter reaches the work. By this
means, greater stability of the boring bar is obtained, and both its ends are
maintained in an exact line, with the lathe centres, thus guiding the cutter in a line,
truly parallel with the axis of the lathe. This ensures a certain and superior
class of work, with an increased production of same.
When the work on the machine has been bored, the feed bar K. is forced back
through the work, rapidly, when hand wheel on spur wheel M, Fig. 4. is revolved,
until the springs V. V. reach the position shewn in Fig. 6.,- when they fly back,
thus releasing the boring bar X which can be drawn out. The work already bored,
is removed and other work proceeded with, exactly as before described.
Should the work being bored require turning,-both may be done simultaneously.
No alteration whatever is required to the lathe, to enable it to turn anything fixed
in the chuck, or upon the faceplate. Should work however, require turning upon
the centres, put in the back centre, and the machine is a perfect centre lathe,
capable of turning anything which could be turned upon an ordinary centre
lathe.
Fig. 7. is a front, end view of boring bar holder U,-shewing the recesses for
springs V. V. to lie in when compressed.
Fig. 9. gives a plan of spring V. the manner of attachment being shewn at Y. Y.
Fig. 8.
These improvements, enable. a great range of work to be done upon my
"combined turning and boring lathe"; and produce a far superior class of work.
I do not desire to limit myself to the exact details of construction shewn,―as it
is apparent, that they may be varied within reasonable limits without departing
from the spirit of my invention.
Having now particularly described, and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, & in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare, that, what I
claim, is :-
1st. The combination in a turning lathe of an upper bed sliding over a lower bed,
with an adjustable table fitting into and sliding between front of upper bed and
front of back head, with attachınents, as substantially described and illustrated in
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
2nd. The multiple cone bearing, of which I may use two or more cones to each
bearing, for the purposes specified as fully described and illustrated on Fig. 4
at J J
3rd. The combination in a turning lathe, of main spindle, bored and grooved
through its centre, together with feeding bar fitting and sliding in said grooves

page_text: with manner of feed arrangement as fully described and illustrated on Fig. 4. and
Fig. 5.
4th. The boring bar holder U, together with boring bar X and manner of
attachment to same for the purpose specified, as substantially described and illus-
trated on Fig. 6. and Fig. 8.
5th. The combination in a combined boring and turning lathe of all the before-
mentioned parts claimed with manner of attachments to lathe; enabling it to be
equally a boring machine and a turning lathe at the same time, as fully described
in drawings and Specification.
Dated this 11th day of August 1892
JOHN HARRIS EVANS.