IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO MACHINES COMMONLY KNOWN AS 'WARPING MILLS
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Naylor, of Bacup, Warper, and James
Crabtree, of Rochdale, Machine Maker, both in the County of Lancaster,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO MACHINES
COMMONLY KNOWN AS 'WARPING MILLS.""
Sealed the 27th March 1857, and dated the 1st October 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Naylor and James
Crabtree at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 1st October 1856.
We, HENRY NAYLOR, of Bacup, Warper, and JAMES CRABTREE, of Rochdale,
Machine Maker, both in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO MACHINES
COMMONLY KNOWN AS WARPING MILLS,'" to be as follows:-
In vertical warping mills as hitherto arranged, the threads, after passing
through the eyes of the "heck;" are divided into beers by antifriction pulleys
or rollers, having their axes perpendicular to the plane on which the threads
pass from the eyes of the "heck," which arrangement causes the threads to
become massed together, in which state they pass on to the "mill." Now, this
massing of the threads has a tendency to make them adhere together and to
become crossed and entangled, which evil is further increased in the subsequent
process of sizeing, thus causing breakage, and loss of time in beaming and
weaving.
The object of our Invention is to make arrangements whereby the threads

page_text: forming each division or beer will pass on to the. mill parallel and side by
side, or tapewise. Our Invention consists in accomplishing this object by
placing guides or pulleys in front of the antifriction pulleys, dividing the
threads into beers, the surfaces of which guides or pulleys are made to come
against the threads of each division, so as to place them in a position oblique
to the plane in which the threads pass from the eyes of the heck, which
arrangement, by assistance of the antifriction pulleys dividing the threads,
changes the plane of each division of beer from an horizontal to a vertical
position, in which position they pass on to the "mill."
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Henry Naylor and James Crabtree in the Great Seal Patent
. Office on the 28th March 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, HENRY
NAYLOR, of Bacup, Warper, and JAMES. CRABTREE, of Rochdale, Machine
Machine Maker, both in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
Ilenry Naylor and James Crabtree, Her especial license that we, the said
Henry Naylor and James Crabtree, our executors, administrators,' and
assigns, or such others as we, the said Henry Naylor and James Crabtree;
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE
TO MACHINES COMMONLY KNOWN AS WARPING MILLS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said Henry Naylor and James Crabtree, by an instrument
in writing under our hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain,
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be,
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office.
within six calender months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Henry Naylor and James Crabtree,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner

page_text: the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to
say)-
:
In warping mills having their axes vertical, as hitherto arranged, the threads,
after passing through the "eyes" of the "heck," are divided into beers by
antifriction pulleys or rollers, having their axes perpendicular to the plane in
which the threads pass from the eyes of the heck, which arrangement causes
the threads to become massed together, in which state they pass on to the mill.
Now, this massing of the threads has a tendency to make them adhere together
and become entangled, which evil is further increased in the subsequent
process of sizing, thus causing breakage and loss of time in beaming and
weaving.
The object of our Invention is to make arrangements whereby the threads
forming each division or beer will pass on to the mill parallel and side by
side, or tapewise. Our Invention consists in accomplishing this object by
placing guides in front of the antifriction pulleys, dividing the threads into
beers, the surfaces of which guides are made to come against 'the threads of
each division, so as to place them in a position oblique to the plane in which
the threads pass from the eyes of the heck, which arrangement, by assistance of
the antifriction pulleys dividing the threads, changes the plane of each
division or beer from an horizontal to a vertical position, in which position they
pass on to the mill.
The preceding explanation will be rendered more intelligible by means of
the diagrams on the annexed Drawings. Fig. 1 and 2 are respectively a plan
and edge view of a beer of threads passing from the eyes of the heck to the
antifriction pulley-or roller; Fig. 3 and 4 are respectively similar views to
Fig. 1 and 2. Fig. 1 and 2 shew the manner in which the threads have
hitherto passed round the antifriction bowl in a mass; and Fig. 3 and 4 shew
the manner in which the threads pass according to our Invention. It will be
seen that the plane of the threads is changed from the horizontal to the vertical
position. The thread a may be made uppermost and the thread 6 lowermost, or
vice versa, each thread between a and b taking its respective position parallel
to the others; each beer or division of threads will rest on the mill in layers
one upon another, in the manner shewn by the diagram, Fig. 5 and 6.- Fig. 5
is supposed to be a section through the threads, each line representing a
"tape" or layer formed by a division of threads; and Fig. 6, a view of a
portion of those tapes or layers of threads, looking at their edges. When the
warp is beamed, the tapes or layers of threads are separated by the "wraith,"
in the position shewn by Fig. 7, and in passing on to the beam they turn into

page_text: the position represented in dotted line, the thread a of each tape taking its
correct position next the the thread b of the adjoining tape of the division, as
shewn in Fig. 8. We find, if the same thread of each tape, division, or beer
is kept upperinost at all times when warping, that those tapes of threads laid
on when the heck is ascending will have to turn when going on to the beam
in the opposite direction to those laid on while the heck is descending; and to
cause the "tapes," forming the warp to turn or twist all in the same direction;
we find it necessary to allow the a thread of each tape to be uppermost in one
direction of the mill and lowermost in the other direction. We change the
plane of each division of threads by causing an inclined edge or surface to
come against thein in about the position d, Fig. 3 and 4; this incline surface.
lifts each thread above its adjoining one, so that say the a thread becomes the
highest, and the 6 thread the lowest when passing round the antifriction
pulley or roller (c), the reversing of the inclination of the surface or eilged,
reverses the position of the threads, b being highest and a lowest. Fig. 9
represents an antifriction pulley or roller (c) and the inclined edge or surface d;
Fig. 10 the same, with the surface or edge reversed. Two series of inclined
edges or surfaces are employed, as the most simple arrangement, when the
position of the threads is to be reversed, which are so arranged that one is
readily substituted in place of the other. The arrangement of the heck and
antifriction pulleys or rollers (c) dividing the threads into beers is well known,
we therefore only show in those Figures of the Drawings herein-after described
so much of the parts as will enable us to explain the mode of applying our
Invention. Fig. 11 is a front elevation of one end of the part (e) carrying the
antifriction pulleys c, which rotate on pegs; Fig. 12 is a transverse section.
The parts are the bars employed to prevent the threads from getting off the
ends of the pulleys (c). d is a plate having its upper edge cut to the required
inclinations; it is fixed in the required position by screws to the part e. By this
arrangement the same thread in each tape is always uppermost. Fig. 13 and 14
are views corresponding respectively to Fig. 11 and 12. In this modification
two plates d'and d' are employed, so that the threads of each tapie" can be
reversed. The plates (d and d¹) are arranged in guides free to be moved
vertically, but so as not to move lengthways, stops d 2 being placed against
each end of them. Each plate has two or more inclined slots (3), the slots
in one plate being over those in the other plate, but reversed in inclination. A
pin (d 4) passes through each of these slots in both plates, upon which pins the
plates are carried. These pins are projections from a bar 9, passing from one
end of the plates to the other; this bar being placed so as to be free to slide
lengthways in suitable guides attached to the part e. By forcing the bar in

page_text: one direction one plate ascends. and the other descends; by forcing the bar
back in the other direction the last position of the plates is reversed. The
warper changes the position of this bar when the direction of the mill is
reversed.. Fig. 15 is a front elevation, Fig. 16 a plan, and Fig. 17 an end
view, in which is shewen a method of causing the plates (d and d) to work
self-acting. The plates are arranged with incline slots, and with pins d*, 'as in
Fig. 13 and 14, except that the pin passing through each set of incline slots
is fixed to the part e or in a part e, forming a vertical guide to the plates.
Two or more of these guides are used; they are fixed by a screw to the part e
and guide e¹, having suitable slots to allow of horizontal and vertical adjust-
ment. The plates d and d¹ are free to move both lengthways and vertically.
The pegs forming the axes of the antifriction pulleys or rollers c. are usually
rivetted in a bar c', which is secured on the top of the part e. In this modifica-
tion the bar c' is arranged so as to slide endways to a certain extent, say, two
inches, a stop being fixed at each end of it to prevent greater, movement. In
this case the projection c² from the bar (one being at each end of it) acts as
the stop at its end of the bar, and the end of the plates (d and d¹) come
between these projections. It will now be seen, that if the bar c¹ is slided it
will carry the plates d and d along with it, and, as a consequent of this move-
ment, one of the plates will ascend and the other descend, so that when the
bar c' has arrived at one end of its movement one plate will be up and the
other down, and when at the other end of its movement the position of the
plates will be reversed. When the mill rotates, the drag of the tapes or beers
of threads upon the antifriction pulleys c will pull the bar e' in the same
direction till it comes against the stop, and this act will bring up the required
plate; the same result will be obtained when the mill is reversed to turn in the
opposite direction. By this means the changes are effected without care or
attention on the part of the warper. If a line be drawn at the front of the
antifriction pulleys c, in the position in which the plates are to be placed, it
will be found that each division of the threads does not occupy an equal
extent of it, some taking more and some less of it, according to the position of
the threads in the heck in relation to their antifriction pulleys; consequently, if
each division of threads (supposing them of equal number) is to occupy the
same breadth tapewise, different degrees of inclination will have to be given to
the incline edges or surfaces; that is, whatever the length of the base line of
the incline may be, the perpendicular must be one uniform length. This being
the case, it may be found convenient to form each incline separate, to be fixed
by a screw to a slotted plate, so as to be adjustable to the required inclination
and position. Figs. 18 and 21, and 19 and 20, are respectively front and edge

page_text: views of such detached incline pieces... Fig. 22 and 23 represent a front and
edge view, as they are secured to the plates, and as arranged together. When
two series of inclines are used, owing to the space occupied by the screws one
series of inclines cannot be got 'as near to the antifriction pulleys as is
advisable; but this objection is obviated by arranging the bar c¹ (see Fig. 24)
with incline slots (c³), one at each end, and fixing pins in the part e, so as to
pass through these slots; this will cause the bar c' to approach the outside series
of inclines when they are. to operate, consequently each series of edges will
operate at the same distance from the front of the antifriction pulleys.
We have now particularly described our Invention, and the mode of carrying
it into effect, and wish it to be understood that we do not limit ourselves to
the details herein described; which may be variously modified and yet retain
the peculiar characteristics of our Invention; but claim,-
Firstly, arrangements of edges or surfaces acting to change the plane of
each division of threads, so as to cause them to pass on to the mill parallel and
tapewise, as herein-before explained and described.
Secondly, we claim the arrangements for self-operating two plates or series
of incline surfaces or edges, the motive action being obtained from the drag of
the threads passing on to the mill, as herein-before explained and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Crabtree, on my own behalf and
on behalf of the said Henry Naylor, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Twenty-seventh day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
JAMES CRABTREE. (L.S.)