IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DISINTEGRATING VEGETABLE AND ANIMAL SUBSTANCES
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to François Dominique Pierre Jacques Cabasson,
い
Merchant, of 2, Rue Ste. Appoline, Paris, Empire of France, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DISINTEGRATING VEGETABLE
AND ANIMAL SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 24th October 1865, and dated the 26th April 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said François Dominique Pierre
Jacques Cabasson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 26th April 1865.
I, FRANÇOIS DOMINIQUE PIERRE JACQUES CABASSON, Merchant, of 2, Rue
Ste. Appoline, Paris, Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DISINTEGRATING
VEGETABLE AND ANIMAL SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
The high price of rags, and even their scarcity, is a great inconvenience and
drawback to the manufacture of paper; the price of cotton having also so
greatly increased renders it important to have means for treating certain
plants which like the green weed or genista (genet) produce good filaments
for manufacturing paper.
Almost all texile plants employed alone only produce transparent paper,
which is not suitable for ordinary use. The green weed, on the contrary, is
not only suitable for making very good paper and perfect card, but also some
[Price Sd.1

page_text: sorts of fabrics. With this view I have invented a certain arrangement of
apparatus hereafter described for disintegrating as perfectly as may be,and in
a very short space of time the different materials capable of producing paper,
and especially the green weed, a portion of the filaments of which are capable
of producing fabrics and the remainder paper.
According to one arrangement the apparatus is composed of two vertical
cylinders capable of bearing a high pressure, say ten atmospheres, they are
made by preference of sheet iron, and fitted with safety valves and with aper-
tures for the introduction and exit of the materials to be disintegrated. Two
vertical boiler tubes made of sheet steel are held in a furnace and are put in
communication with the first cylinders by pipes, which in consequence of the
heat establish a circulation of liquid between the first cylinders and the boiler
tubes, for the boilers are heated to the desired temperature in order to
obtain a like temperature in the cylinders containing the materials to be
disintegrated.
According to another arrangement I use an apparatus in which the
cylinders containing the materials are set horizontally, and in which cast iron
globes or spheres are placed so that upon rotary motion being communicated to
the cylinders the action or friction of the spheres on the plants facilitates their
disintegration. With a view of obtaining the disintegration of the products
with greater speed I place in a large horizontal cylinder another but much
smaller cylinder set excentrically to the first, and the circumference of which is
in contact with the upper part of a plate provided with cutting blades. This
large cylinder is supported in bearings, and is almost filled with liquid and
the material or materials under treatment. It has an alternate oscillating
motion imparted to it which tends to bring the materials between the small
cylinder and the plate, and as the small cylinder has a rotary motion which
changes at each oscillation of the large cylinder, the materials under treat-
ment are thus quickly disintegrated.
The apparatus before described are, as before stated, used to disintegrate
vegetable and animal substances, which they accomplish well and quickly,
and especially the green weed, from which filaments suitable for the manu-
facture of fabrics are obtained, and the remainder used for the manufacture
of paper.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said François Dominique Pierre Jacques Cabasson in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 26th October 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME I, FRANÇOIS
DOMINIQUE PIERRE JACQUES CABASSON, Merchant, of 2, Rue Sainte Appoline,
Paris, Empire of France, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said François Dominique Pierre Jacques Cabassor, Her special licence
that I, the said François Dominique Pierre Jacques Cabasson, my executors,
administrators and assigns, or such others as I, the said François Dominique
Pierre Jacques Cabasson, my executors, administrators, and assigns,should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there.
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR DISINTEGRATING VEGETABLE AND ANIMAL SUBSTANCES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said François Dominique Pierre
Jacques Cabasson, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said François Dominique Pierre Jacques
Cabassou, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawings
hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to
say:
The high price of rags, and even their scarcity, is a great inconvenience
and drawback to the manufacture of paper, the price of cotton having also
so greatly increased renders it important to have means for treating certain
plants which like the green weed or genista (genet) produce good filaments
for manufacturing paper.
Almost all textile plants employed alone only produce transparent paper

page_text: which is not suitable for ordinary use. The green weed on the contrary is not
only suitable for making very good paper and perfect card, but also some
sorts of fabrics. With this view I have invented a certain arrangement of
apparatus hereafter described for disintegrating,as perfectly as may be, and in
a very short space of time, the different materials capable of producing paper,
and especially the green weed, a portion of the filaments of which are capable
of producing fabrics and the remainder paper.
According to one arrangement the apparatus is composed of two vertical
cylinders capable of bearing a high pressure, say, ten atmospheres. They are
made by preference of sheet iron, and fitted with safety valves and with aper-
tures for the introduction and exit of the materials to be disintegrated. Two
boiler tubes made of sheet steel are held in a furnace, and are put in commu-
nication with the first cylinders by pipes, which in consequence of the heat
established a circulation of liquid between the first cylinders and the boilers.
Tubes for the boilers are heated to the desired temperature in order to
obtain a like temperature in the cylinders containing the materials to be
disintegrated.
According to another arrangement I use an apparatus in which the
cylinders containing the materials are set horizontally, and in which cast iron
globes or spheres are placed, so that upon rotary motion being communicated
to the cylinders the action or friction of the spheres on the plants facilitates
their disintegration. With the view of obtaining the disintegration of the
products with greater speed I place in a large horizontal cylinder another but
much smaller cylinder set excentrically to the first, and the circumference of
which is in contact with the upper part of a plate provided with cutting blades.
This large cylinder is supported in bearings, and is almost filled with liquid
and the material or materials under treatment. It has an alternate oscil-
lating motion imparted to it which tends to bring the materials between the
small cylinder and the plate, and as the small cylinder has a rotary motion
which changes at each oscillation of the large cylinder the materials under
treatment are thus quickly disintegrated.
The accompanying Drawings illustrate how my Invention may be carried
into effect.
Figure 1 is a vertical section of an apparatus where on the left hand side the
cylinders are represented in section, and on the right hand side their exteriors
are shown. This apparatus is composed of two cylinders a, made of sheet iron,
and capable of supporting a high temperature of, say, ten atmospheres. They
are furnished with safety valves, they have each a cover and a bottom, and
they contain internally at top and bottom receivers pierced with a number of

page_text: holes. The materials to be disintegrated are introduced by the aperture at
top, and are removed by that at the bottom. Liquids are extracted from the
said cylinders a by the pipes b. There are two vertical boilers c made of sheet
steel with double partitions, as seen in the Drawing, to receive the internal
heat, and outwardly are in communication with the cylinders a by the pipesd,
which by means of the heat establish a circulation of liquid between the
interior of the cylinders a and those marked c. The pipes e convey steam
from the two cylinders a into the condensing apparatus f, where the introduc-
tion is regulated by the taps g. The boilers care in a heated chamber closed
by masonry or brick, from whence smoke escapes by the flues / leading to the
chimney. These boilers may be cooled by opening registers, which allow air
to pass to the interior of the furnace through the orifices i. This apparatus is
heated by a firej, formed by a kind of basket in cast iron and brick work,
and supported by four rollers running on rails. This movable fireplace may
have motion communicated to it by means of a rack. By means of the fire-
place j, flues h, and apertures i, provided with suitable registers, the
temperature of the liquid contained in the cylinders a, and consequently in
the boilers c can be regulated to a very great nicety.
Figures 2 and 3 show in plan and elevation an apparatus somewhat
analogous with the preceeding. In this case the cylinders containing the
materials to be disintegrated are placed horizontally. I also place cast-iron
spheres in these cylinders, and I communicate a suitable rotary motion to
the latter, so that the friction produced by the spheres on the materials
under treatment facilitates materially their disintegration.
In order, however, to obtain a more regular and methodical action, at
least for certain substances requiring disintegration, I make use of, when
desired, the arrangement shown in longitudinal section at Figure 4, and in
transverse section at Figure 5. Here it will be seen that the large horizontal
cylinder k containing the substances to be disintegrated carries with it another
but smaller, m, placed above a plate n fitted with cutting blades somewhat
similar to those employed for acting on rags in paper making. The large
cylinder k is supported in bearings O; it is fitted with liquid and material to
be disintegrated up to p. This cylinder k is free to oscillate on its axis, and
the cylinder m receives a rotary motion by means of the pinion q in gear with
the internal teeth r¹ of the toothed wheel r, which itself receives motion from
a pinion gearing into the external teeth 7 of the wheel ", which is loose on
the axis of the cylinder k. The rotary motion of the cylinder m changes by
direction at each oscillation of the large cylinder k, and as naturally at each
movement of the latter the materials under treatment fall between the cylinder

page_text: m and plate n they become quickly disintegrated. The liquids employed
are by preference leys of caustic soda at a high temperature in combination
with the apparatus before described or other analogous tliereto, and capable
of producing similar good results in a short space of time.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,--
First, the employment in apparatus for disintegrating vegetable and animal
substances of a very high temperature in combination with a liquid alcali
as hercin-before described.
Second, the employment of the circulation of the liquid heated in a vessel
or vessels distinct from that or those containing the materials to be disinte-
grated, as herein-before described.
Third, the employment of a vessel for condensing the steam, as herein-
before described.
Fourth, the method herein-before described of constructing the furnace
whereby the temperature thereof may be accurately regulated according to
the work to be done.
Fifth, the employment of spheres or globes in the vessels where the
materials are treated at a high temperature, in manner and for the purposes
herein-before described.
Sixth, the various methods herein-before described, whether taken together
or separately, and in combination or not with any other known methods for
disintegrating vegetable and animal substances.
In witness whereof, I, the said François Dominique Pierre Jacques
Cabasson, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day
of October, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-five.
·
F. D. P. J. CABASSON. (L.S.)