IMPROVEMENTS IN STUDS FOR COLLARS, WRISTBANDS, BELTS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL, SUCH IMPROVED STUDS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES. PROAL SP
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Levinge Page, of Soho, in the County of
Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STUDS FOR COLLARS,
WRISTBANDS, BELTS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL, SUCH
IMPROVED STUDS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Levinge Page at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 23rd April 1875.
I, HENRY LEVINGE PAGE, of Soho, in the County of Middlesex, do
5 hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STUDS FOR COLLARS, WRISTBANDS, BELTS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF WEARING
APPAREL, SUCH IMPROVED STUDS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES," to
be as follows :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in studs for collars,
O wristbands, belts, and other articles of wearing apparel, such improved
studs being also applicable to other purposes. Hitherto it has been

page_text: customary to manufacture studs with rigid shanks of considerable length
in order to permit of several thicknesses of flannel, linen, or other similar
material being passed over and secured thereon. Great inconvenience
and discomfort however arc experienced by the wearer, arising not only
from the difficulty of passing the button holes of the various garments
over the top plate of the stud owing to the length and immobility of
the shank, but also that from its rigidity it does not in any manner
accommodate itself to the various movements of the wearer.
Now I propose to obviate these disadvantages in the following
manner: I form the bottom of the stud of two thin plates of brass or
of any other suitable metal and of the ordinary size, the outermost of
such plates being slightly dome-shaped so as to increase the hollow space
left between the two plates to allow of the play of the wire spring, as
hereafter explained, and the inner of such plates being made with a
hollow socket forming the shank of the stud. The head of the stud I
also form of two thin metal plates, the outer one of which is likewisc
slightly dome-shaped. In the hollow space existing between these two
plates and previous to soldering them together I fix a small metal bar
over which I pass one end of a piece of fine wire twice the length of the
metal socket or shank fixed to the inner plate of the bottom of the stud,
I then double this wire and fasten it together by means of a small metal
collar which I place thereon close to the inside plate of the head of the
stud, after which I pass over it a small spiral spring, one end of which
works against such metal collar while the two ends of the doubled wire
are secured at the other end by a small metal collar being passed over
them and the two ends of the wire clamped down thereon. I then
insert such spiral spring into the hollow socket forming the shank of the
stud as before explained and secure such socket thereto by soldering in
the ordinary manner. By this means not only the shank of the stud is
rendered flexible and thereby readily expands or collapses, according to
the number of thicknesses of material secured thereon, but at the samo
time the head of the stud oscillates freely to and fro with the movements
of the wearer.
But in order the more perfectly to obtain this latter object and to
impart elasticity as well to the bottom and shank as to the head of
the stud I have made a further improvement which is as follows :—
In the hollow space between the two plates forming the bottom of the
stud I fix a metal bar in a similar manner as already described in my

page_text: first arrangement as being placed in the head thereof; over this I pass a
fine wire half the length of that before described, but doubled, and fitted
with a suitable metal collar and helical spring in a similar manner. The
metal socket or shank of the stud which in my first arrangement is
described as being rigidly attached to and forming part of the inner
plate of the bottom of the stud, I now form in a separate piece like a
bugle bead, and into one end thereof I pass the spiral spring attached to
the bottom plate and secure it thereto by soldering it to the metal collar
formed thereon, as described in the first arrangement, after which I
insert in the other end of such socket or shank a spiral spring which is
fitted to the head of the stud in the same way as in the first arrange-
ment, the only variation being that the wire and spring are only half the
length, and then secure the socket or shank to the metal collar on the
wire in a similar manner.
By this second arrangement a considerably greater degree of flexibility
is imparted to the stud, thus affording great comfort and convenience to
the wearer, whilst the expanding and contracting power of the shank is
proportionately increased from its being furnished with a double in lieu
of a single helical spring, whereby great facility is given for passing over
the button holes of various garments and securing them thereon without
inconvenience to the wearer; I line the bottom plato of the stud
externally with cork, vulcanite, velvet, or any other suitable substance
to prevent the metal pressing too harshly upon the body of the wearer.
My improved studs made on the principle above described but manu-
factured of suitable materials and dimensions would be very applicable
to harness for horses and other such like purposes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Levinge Page in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 23rd September 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
LEVINGE PAGE, of Soho, in the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand oight hundred and seventy-five, in the

page_text: thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Henry Levinge Page, Her special
license that I, the said Henry Levinge Page, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry Levinge Page, my exccu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STUDS FOR COLLARS, WRISTBANDS, BELTS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF WEARING
APPAREL, SUCH IMPROVED STUDS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Henry Levinge
Page, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and scals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause, the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of tho said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Levinge Page, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
1
This Invention has for its object improvements in studs for collars,
wristbands, belts, and other articles of wearing apparel, such improved
studs being also applicable to other purposes. Hitherto it has been :
customary to manufacture studs with rigid shanks of considerable length
in order to permit of several thicknesses of flannel, linen, or other similar
material being passed over and secured thereon. Geeat inconvenience
and discomfort however are experienced by the wearer, arising not only
from the difficulty of passing the button holes of the various garments
over the top plate of the stud owing to the length and immobility of the
shank, but also that from its rigidity it does not in any manner
accommodate itself to the various movements of the wearer.
Now I propose to obviate these disadvantages in the following
manner-I form the bottom of the stud of two thin plates of brass, or a
of any other suitable metal and of the ordinary size, the outermost of
such plates being slightly dome shaped so as to incrcase the hollow
space left between the two plates to allow of the play of the wire spring

page_text: as hereafter explained, and the inner of such plates being made with a
hollow socket forming the shank of the stud. The head of the stud I
also form of two thin metal plates the outer one of which is likewise
slightly dome shaped. In the hollow space existing between theso two
5 plates, and previous to soldering them together, I fix a small metal bar
over which I pass one end of a piece of fine wire twice the length of the
metal socket or shank fixed to the inner plate of the bottom of the stud,
I then double this wire and fasten it together by means of a small metal
collar which I place thereon close to the inside plate of the head of the
stud, after which I pass over it a small spiral spring, ono end of which
works against such metal collar while the two ends of the doubled wire
are secured at the other end by a small metal collar being passed over
them and the two ends of the wire clamped down thereon. I then insert
such spiral spring into the hollow socket forming the shank of the stud
as before explained, and secure such socket thereto by soldering in the
ordinary manner. By this means not only the shank of the stud is
rendered flexible and thereby readily expands or collapses, according to
the number of thicknesses of material secured thereon, but at the same
time the head of the stud oscillates freely to and fro with the movements
of the wearer.
But in order the more perfectly to obtain this latter object and to
impart elasticity as well to the bottom and shank as to the head of the
stud I have made a further improvement, which is as follows:-In the
hollow space between the two plates forming the bottom of the stud I
fix a metal bar in a similar manner, as already described in my first
arrangement, as being placed in the head thereof. Over this I
pass a fine
wire half the length of that before described but doubled and fitted with
a suitable metal collar and helical spring in a similar manner. The
metal socket or shank of the stud which in my first arrangement is
described as being rigidly attached to and forming part of the inner plate
of the bottom of the stud I now form in a separate piece like a bugle
bead, and into one end thereof I pass the spiral spring attached to the
bottom plate and secure it thereto by soldering it to the metal collar
formed thereon, as described in the first arrangement, after which I
insert in the other end of such socket or shank a spiral spring which is
fitted to the head of the stud in the same way as in the first arrangement,
the only variation being that the wire and spring are only half the
length, and then sccuro the socket or shank to the metal collar on the
wire in a similar manner.

page_text: By this second arrangement a considerably greater degree of flexibility
is imparted to the stud, thus affording great comfort and convenience to
the wearer, whilst the expanding and contracting power of the shank is
proportionately increased from its being furnished with a double in lieu
of a single helical spring, whereby great facility is given for passing
over the button holes of various garments and securing them thercon
without inconvenience to the wearer. I line the external surface of the
bottom plate of the stud with cork, vulcanite, velvet, or any other
suitable substance to prevent the metal pressing too harshly upon the
neck of the wearer.
Sometimes I form the bottom of the stud of a single metal plate, only
such plate being made with a hollow socket to form the stem or shank
of the stud, as described in the first arrangement, its outer surface being
formed slightly concave and being lined with cork or vulcanite and
covered with velvet in the manner already described.
By adopting this method of manufacture I entirely dispense with the
duplicate arrangement of bar, spiral spring, and metal collar, thereby
economising the cost of manufacture at the same time that the stud is
sufficiently flexible for all ordinary requirements.
The accompanying Drawings serve more particularly to illustrate my

page_text: My improved studs made on the principle above described but manu-
factured of suitable materials and dimensions would be very applicable
to harness for horses and other such like purposes.
‹ D
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my
said Invention and the manner of performing the samo, I would have
it understood that what I claim is, the improvements in studs for collars,
wristbands, belts, and other articles of wearing apparel, such improved
studs being also applicable to other purposes, substantially in the
manner and for the purposes herein-before set forth and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Levinge Page, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of September,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.