Improvements in Steam Generators.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION,
Improvements in Steam Generators.
I, VICTOR KARAVODINE, of the Hotel Moderne, Place de la République, Paris,
in the Republic of France, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to a boiler having internal firing for solid and liquid fuel
and consisting of a metallic receiver lined with a layer of refractory material.
Between the walls of the said layer and the walls of the metallic receiver is a
space which the motor fills with compressed air. The said air, as it cools the
walls, enters the lower part of the boiler, whence it passes through the fuel between
rotary grate-bars having projections. The projections of the said grate-bars
seize the slag, cinders and the like as they rotate, and crush and force them into
a pipe provided with a valve and an obturator, so constructed that the slag and
cinders can be removed while the boiler is in operation. In order to prevent the
valve from being injured by the slag, its stem is protected on all sides by grease-
boxes. At the bottom of the boiler may be a little water for cooling the grate-
bars. A special chamber may be built for the very fine cinders, wherein the
latter may settle. For feeding solid fuel, I provide a pipe having two obturators
inside and outside, at the same time as the joint forming surfaces are at a distance
from the ends of the pipe, in order that fuel may not touch the said surfaces.
The covers may have a rotary motion and may turn upon the ends of the pipe
at the time the occlusion takes place; thus the dust and the like, instead of being
injurious, contributes, on the contrary, to cause the occluding surfaces to wear
uniformly and to remain airtight.
The suction valves of the pump for feeding air to the boiler are so constructed
that they close earlier or later, under the dependance of the pressure regulator
in the boiler; that is the reason why the pump may supply different quantities
of air according to the efficiency of the motor.
The said air entering the boiler may enter partly between the grate-bars and
the fuel, and partly into another compartment for the supplementary combustion
of the gaseous portions of the fuel.
Dated this 10th da
L
1000

page_text: Fig. 2 is a plan view of the grate.
Fig: 3 is a diagrammatic section of the air compressing pump.
The boiler consists of a cylindrical metallic receiver A inside which, at a certain
distance, a concentric chamber 6 of fire-clay is arranged, divided into two com-
partments C and E separated by a horizontal partition, but communicating to-
gether by a channel D; with regard to the orifice of this channel in the compart-
ment E there is arranged a plate e and at the upper part of this compartment ends
a pipe F for conducting the fluid to the motor. The grate which supports the
combustible is constituted of two or more bars f, f, carrying projections 1, 1, whose
profile is shown in Fig. 1 and which are so arranged that the projections of one
bar work between those of the other (Fig. 2). Stationary bars i, i, are arranged
between the projections of the bars for cleansing the latter; the bars f, f, carry on
their outer ends toothed pinions 9, 9, gearing together; their shafts pass out from
the boiler through stuffing-boxes in order to prevent any escape and one of them
is cut square on its end in order to receive a handle for turning it as well as the
other by means of the toothed gear g,g. The bottom of the metallic receiver A
which serves as ash-pit, is perforated at its centre and communicates with a pipe N
provided with a cock M and closed at its end by a cap O whose conical border rests
on a seat of the same form surrounding the pipe N and is clamped thereon with
a screw. The shell of this cock M is provided with longitudinal grooves P, P,
filled with amianthus and circular grooves Q filled in the same manner are worked
out in the shell on each side of the plug-hole; the plug is also tightened by a
stuffing-box.
The device for the introduction of combustibles consists of a pipe R arranged
radially on the metallic receiver A and closed on each end by a cap S or X
analogous to 0. The inner one can be actuated by means of the screw a; the
pipe R is provided with a blow-off-cock r and can communicate with the interior
of the boiler by a pipe provided with a cock V. The cover S is carried by a rod U
which traverses the screw a in its whole length and has a stuffing-box. The
screw serves as nut to a screw of smaller diameter m on whose end a disk n is
arranged. A hole L, closed in the same manner as the ends of the pipe R, is
arranged towards the lower part of the generator for access to its interior..
The body of the pump which drives the air back to the generator through the
pipe is provided on its bottom with suction valves a, al and springs b, b, tend
to maintain the same distant from their seats; the links of these valves are fixed
on elbowed levers f³, f, whose free ends are placed opposite the eccentrics T, T,
mounted on the same sleeve t which can turn on an axle h. The socket t has on
one of its ends a narrow thread and works in a nut L' with a two-armed fork whose
ends penetrate and can be displaced in grooves of the shaft ; in this nut is worked
out a throat wherein the end of a lever M¹ joined with any governor is engaged.
Dafan
the samOHY
WORKING.
is turned to ramare the can I and to oven.

page_text: the disk n and to push out coal which falls upon the grate f, f, and partly fills
the chamber of C. Incandescent combustible which is already on the grate
ignites the coal which is put on; water fills the lower part of the metal receiver A
and the pipe N to the level p.
This water is renewed as required by a pump
actuated by the motor which feeds the generator; the same pump sends also
water to the upper compartment E where it must arrive divided or atomized.
The air-pump, Fig. 3, sends through the pipe dair with a very high pressure
which goes first between the walls of the chamber d and the metal receiver A
cooling the latter, flows then under the grate delivering to the coal the air necessary
to its combustion; the oxygen of the air is united with the coal which it traverses
in order to form carbonic oxide; passing through the channel D it comes to the
compartment E where this gas is transformed into carbonic acid in presence of
the air under pressure contained in this compartment. When coal cinders or
particles of coal are drawn into the channel D, they are arrested by a plate at 1)
and fall back into the fire. By the contact of the hot grate-bars f, f, the water of
the ash-pit evaporates and arrives with the gas in the compartment E whereunto
the water is sent in the form of a very fine rain and is also evaporated by the
contact of the gas which is in high temperature. The mixture of the steam and
carbonic acid gas so formed goes through the pipe F to the motor which it feeds.
In order to introduce, whilst in operation, a new provision of fuel, one turns the
screw a to bring the cap S upon the seat z of the pipe R but only with a slight
squeeze so that one can turn by hand the bar U and the cap S and if there is some
dust or grit between the border of this latter and its seat, it is crushed and allows
the surfaces to come in contact before they are tightened. The cock is opened
in order to establish the atmospheric pressure in the pipe R and the cap X is
then taken off. Fuel is placed in the pipe R which is re-closed by the cap X
whereupon the cock V is opened in order to put the pipe R into communication
with the inside of the boiler; the cap S is then removed from its seat and by
turning the screw m in a convenient direction the disk n is advanced and pushes
the combustibles into the compartment or combustion chamber C. In order to
clean the bars f, f, of the grate, one of them is turned in a convenient direction
and the other in the contrary direction by means of the gear g, g; the slag and
cinders which may have settled down on the grate bars are crushed by the move-
ments of the projections 7, 7, loosened from these grate bars by the bars 1, 1, and fall
with the cinders into the pipe N through the plug-hole of the cock M; in order
to remove them one closes this cock and opens only the end of the pipe N.
It is necessary that the pump (Fig. 3) does not send at any time more air to
the generator than is required for the motor. For this purpose, as soon as the
speed of the governor of the motor augments or diminishes, its muff oscillates the
lever M and displaces the nut L¹ on the thread of the sleeve t and consequently
this sleeve t turns in one or the other direction on shaft which it draws more-
over into the rotating movement which it receives from the motor. It follows
that the eccentrics T, T, in turning, act upon the levers f¹, f¹, in order to open the
valves a', a', they maintain the latter a more or less time open during the period
of compression and let escape a greater or less quantity of aspirated air according
to the requirements of the motor, so that the pump has only to feed the amount
strictly required for feeding the motor. The air flows back through the valves
arranged on the beginning of the pipes connected with the pipe d (Fig. 1).
In order to prevent the compressed air in the pump rising to too high a tempera-
ture, a certain quantity of water is sucked in by each stroke of the piston through
the valves a, a; it enters atomized into the cylinder where it is evaporated by
contact with the warm air and is driven back with it to the grate.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
A carbonic acid and steam high pressure generator constituted by a metal

page_text: receiver surrounding at a convenient distance a chamber b of refractory material
divided into two superposed compartments communicating by a channel D, the lower
compartment or chamber of combustion having a grate of rotary bars f, f, provided
with projections 7,1, towards the bottom of the receiver A, with an ash-pit in
communication with a pipe N by means of a cock M, a fuel feed in the upper
part of the lower compartment and consisting of a tube R provided with a cock r
and closable at each end in a cap S or X mounted on the end of a working screw
the receiver A being in communication with a compression pump by a pipe d and
with the two compartments the uppermost compartment provided with a pipe F
for removal of the fluid produced by the boiler.
HERBERT HADDAN & Co.,
Agents to Applicant,
18, Buckingham Street, Strand, London. W.C.