IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS POR AND METHODS OF UTILISING WASTE OR EXHAUST OR LIVE STEAM OF STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Arthur Dillon, of the City of Dublin,
Ireland, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
POR AND METHODS OF UTILISING WASTE OR EXHAUST OR LIVE STEAM OF STEAM
ENGINES."
Scaled the 19th November 1872, and dated the 31st August 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Arthur Dillon
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 31st August 1872.
I, THOMAS ARTHUR DILLON, of the City of Dublin, Ireland, Gentle-
man, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR AND METHODS OF UTILISING WASTE OR EXHAUST OR LIVE STEAM
OF STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is so to utilise a properly regulated supply
of steam, employed as herein-after described, as to effect an economy
of fuel, to prevent the wasteful or dangerous generation of steam in the
boiler, to prevent the dangerous emission of sparks or cinders from the
engine chimney, to preserve the boiler, tubes, and smoke boxes from

page_text: being choked or otherwise injured by hot ashes or cinders from the fire-
box or furnace, to permit of coal dust or other suitable pulverised fuel,
or of any suitable liquid fuel being injected into the fire-box or furnace,
to permit of a quantity of oxygen, whether derived from atmospheric air
or from any other convenient source, to be intermixed with the exhaust
or waste or live steam, or pulverised or liquid fuel above alluded to.
I will describe one form of apparatus intended to effect my object, and
which form can be varied in many ways, made in many shapes, without
altering the principle or objects of the Invention; and it should be
observed that by waste steam I mean the steam which is usually blown
off through the safety valves.
A pipe or tube, square or round, from two inches to four inches in
diameter, according to the size of engine, is shaped like a "T"; in fact
it would be known as a large "T" pipe. The perpendicular length of
the pipe is about the height of the locomotive blast pipe (assuming that
the apparatus is about being applied to a locomotive). The horizontal
or lower cross piece of the T is made as long as the second row of boiler
tubes of the particular locomotive. (By the second row" is to be
understood the second row from the bottom, the bottom row being called
No. 1 row, next row, No. 2, and so on.)
Both ends of the horizontal cross pipe of the T are to be plugged or
capped, or otherwise conveniently and carefully stopped, so as to be
quite tight. A certain number of 3 inch holes are bored and tapped in
this horizontal cross tube at such distance apart as will correspond with
the distances of the centres of the second row of boiler tubes on the
smoke box end from each other. The holes so bored and tapped are
fitted with hollow conical or taper shaped tubes or plugs, each about
six inches in length. Those conical hollow plugs are intended to enter
and fit tightly into the boiler tubes of the second row, wherefore they are
made conical shaped, and the centres of their diameters correspond with
the centres of the boiler tubes mentioned.
.
Turning now to the perpendicular part of the "T" pipe, a "bend" is
either added to it or turned on the upper and open end, and the radius
or size of the bend is such that when the apparatus stands erect between
the blast pipe and tube plate, and the horizontal cross piece nozzles are
fitted into the boiler tubes, then the perpendicular tube lets into a hole
in the throat of the blast pipe.

page_text: As the engine works, a portion of the exhaust steam from the blast
pipe rushes through the "bend" down the "T" pipe, and into the fire-
box, through the hollow plugs and boiler tubes. This steam, if properly
regulated as in the manner herein-after described, will cause a better
intermingling of the hot gases and atmospheric air coming through the
fire-bars and fire-door, and by easing the too great power of the blast
will check the tendency of the fire to "lift," and of the sparks, cinders,
and lighter parts of the fuel to be sucked or drawn through the boiler
tubes, and either injuriously deposited in the smoke box or thrown out
of the chimney at the risk of setting fire to whatever inflammable sub-
stance they may come in contact with.
In order that the steam, whether exhaust or waste or live steam, when
introduced in the manner above referred to, may produce a beneficial
effect with certainty and with the best results, I have discovered that it
is necessary to have ready means of so regulating and controlling the
supply of steam that it may on all required occasions be suitably adjusted
to the state of the engine, or fire, or boiler, and to the work required at
the time to be done. I accordingly employ with the T or other suitable
pipe used, as above described, for introducing the steam, a throttle valve
or cock placed on the apparatus in such a way that the rush of steam,
whether mixed with air or not, can be readily graduated. In some cases
this is conveniently done by hand, as when the engine starts on a green
fire or gets low in steam through accident or from neglect of the driver,
when it is not desirable to tap or curtail the power of the steam in the
blast pipe. But the like object may also be effected, and in many cases
preferably, by apparatus constructed in the following manner :-A con-
venient communication is established between the lever or regulator on
the foot plate and the cock or valve on the apparatus in the smoke box,
so that as the lever or regulator is moved by the engine driver, the valve
or cock is proportionately opened or shut, and thus the blast pipe is
proportionately eased, the fire spared, and ashes and cinders kept from
being carried through the tubes.
The apparatus may be made self-adjusting in the following way :—
The spindle to which the throttle valve is fastened is prolonged through
the side of the T pipe. To the outside part of this spindle is attached a
vane, which is acted on by the draft through the boiler tubes created by
the exhaust blast. This outside vane hangs downward, and its weight
tends to close the throttle valve. Now as the exhaust blast increases in

page_text: $
force the vane is acted on in greater or less degree, and the throttle valve
is opened or shut proportionately.
The following is a method of utilising the live steam which I have
discovered to produce very beneficial results :-) -In order to curtail the
number of parts and simplify this Invention as far as possible, I have
devised a special form of regulating rod to be worked from the foot plate
of the engine by the hand of the driver at will or simultaneously with
the lever or regulator motion above described. There are circumstances
under which it is desirable to allow live steam to pass from the boiler
through the apparatus, as when the engine is standing at a station or
has been brought to a stop by a signal outside a station.
In such case
steam may have been at maximum pressure, and blowing off in fact, yet
the use of the blower is requisite to create a draft in the chimney to
prevent smoke. But the effect of the blower is to increase the amount
of steam. The driver is therefore on the horns of a dilemma. If he
does not use his blower, a dense smoke may be the consequence. If he
does use his blower, he may perhaps make too much steam, and the
engine blows off at the safety valve; but this blowing off of steam
represents a wasting of valuable heat and fuel. I overcome this diffi-
culty by leading a pipe from the steam dome or any other convenient
part of the engine into the apparatus above described. Preferably I
open it into the upper or perpendicular length of the "T" pipe, just
below the regulating cock or valve for the exhaust steam, so that on
admitting live steam from the boiler it will rush through the apparatus
through the boiler tubes on to the fire, and so damp down the fire, ease
the pressure of steam, and counterbalance the effects of the blower, thus
preventing the waste of steam and consequently saving fuel.
To avoid having two connecting rods, one from the exhaust steam
cock and another from the live steam cock, I arrange one rod to act on
both, either simultaneously or separately.
The main rod leading from the exhaust cock may be worked by a
push and pull motion, and upon the same rod being turned or twisted to
the right or left, it will open or shut the live steam cock.
As connection between the exhaust cock on T pipe and lever or regu-
lator is easily established, so is a connection between safety valve and
live steam cock on T pipe. The moment the safety valve lifts from over
pressure it will create torsion in the connecting rod and open the cock,

page_text: thus letting overplus steam on to the fire, and so automatically regulate
the pressure as herein-before described.
When it is deemed requisite to inject air, pulverised fuel, or liquid
fuel separately or mixed in due proportion with the exhaust or waste or
live steam, a short jet pipe is fitted into the open end of the perpen-
dicular T pipe close to the blast pipe, and acts as the inducing power.
It will be obvious that any modified pumping apparatus could be made
to attain that end, although not so satisfactorily. When the waste
steam or live steam (separately or combined) rushes through this jet
pipe, it "induces or sucks in by means of suitable tubes air or pul-
verised fuel, liquid fuel, oxygen or atmospheric air, which may be
supplied from reservoirs in any convenient manner.
"
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Arthur Dillon in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 28th February 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
ARTHUR DILLON. of the City of Dublin, Ireland, Gentleman, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Thomas Arthur Dillon, Her special
licence that I, the said Thomas Arthur Dillon, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Thomas Arthur
Dillon, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR AND METHODS OF UTILIZING WASTE OR
EXHAUST OR LIVE STEAM OF STEAM ENGINES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Thomas Arthur Dillon, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their

page_text: hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar month next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Arthur Dillon, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, that is to say :-
•
The object of this Invention is to utilize a properly regulated supply
of steam, employed as herein-after described, so as to effect an economy
of fuel, to prevent the wasteful or dangerous generation of steam in the
boiler, to prevent the dangerous emission of sparks or cinders from the
engine chimney, to preserve the boiler, tubes, and smoke boxes from
being choked or otherwise injured by hot ashes or cinders from the fire-
box or furnace, to permit of coal dust or other suitable pulverised fuel,
or of any suitable liquid fuel, being injected into the fire-box or furnace,
to permit of a quantity of oxygen, whether derived from atmospheric air
or from any other convenient source, to be intermixed with the exhaust
or waste or live steam or pulverised or liquid fuel above alluded to.
I will now describe one form of apparatus intended to effect my object,
and which form can be varied in many ways and made in many shapes
without altering the principle or objects of my said Invention; and it
should be observed that by "waste
steam I mean the steam which is
usually blown off through the safety valves, and by "exhaust steam
the steam which passes up the exhaust or blast pipe.
وو
"
A pipe or tube, square or round, from two inches to four inches in
diameter (and made preferably of some durable metal), according to the
size of the engine, is shaped like a "T" reversed; in fact it would be
known as a large inverted or reversed "T" pipe. The T pipe is provided
with suitable valves or regulating apparatus for regulating the supply of
steam, as herein-after described. The upright or perpendicular length
of this pipe is about the height of the locomotive blast pipe (assuming
that the apparatus is about being applied to a locomotive). The hori-
zontal or cross head piece of the reversed T is made as long as the width
of the second row of boiler tubes of the particular locomotive, that is to
say, it must extend from the outside of the boiler tube on the right to

page_text: the outside of that on the left of the tube plate.
k
By the second row
"
is to be understood the second row of boiler tubes from the bottom, sup-
posing the bottom row to be called " No. 1 row," the next over, that
No. 2," and so on upwards.
66
Both ends of the horizontal cross pipe of the reversed T just alluded
to are to be plugged or capped, or otherwise conveniently and carefully
stopped, so as to be quite steam tight. This having been done, a certain
number of, say, three-quarter inch or inch and a quarter holes are bored
and tapped in this horizontal cross tube of the reversed T, and at such
distances apart as to correspond with the distances between the centres of
the second row of boiler tubes in the smoke box. The holes so bored and
tapped are fitted with hollow conical or taper shaped tubes (which may
be either screwed in or brazed in), each about six inches in length. Those
conical hollow plugs or taper tubes are intended to enter and fit steam-
tight into the boiler tubes, wherefore they are made conical shaped, and
the centres of their diameters are of course made to correspond with the
centres of the diameters of the boiler tubes mentioned; or those tubes
may be simply plain cylindrical iron gun barrel tubes, or may be made
of any suitable metal which can be tightened into the boiler tubes by
tapering ferrules.
o
Turning now to the perpendicular part of the reversed T pipe, a
"bend" is either added to it by a collar, or is formed on the upper and
open end of the reversed T, the radius or size of this bend being such
that when the apparatus is in situ, standing between the blast pipe and
tube plate, the horizontal cross piece nozzles fit into the boiler tubes,
and the open end of the "bend" so fitted to or formed on the perpen-
dicular tube lets into a hole cut in the throat of the blast pipe, and on
which hole so cut is rivetted a flange previously secured on the bend.
To obviate the trouble of cutting a hole in the blast pipe, I some-
times attach to the open extremity of the bend on the upright length of
the reversed T a false top, as nearly as possible in size and appearance
like the top which is now usually screwed on to the head of locomotive
blast pipes. By this means the apparatus described is more rapidly fitted
on to locomotive engines.
I prefer in all cases to contract the jet orifice or top of the blast pipe
as much as possible, so that the regulation of the exhaust shall be well
under command.

page_text: It is obvious that the apparatus above described could be cast in one
piece, and that the blast pipe itself, with the material parts of the fore-
going apparatus, might be cast in one piece, as is well known to
manufacturers or mechanics.
As the engine works, a portion of the exhaust steam from the blast!
pipe rushes through the "bend" down the T pipe, through the hollow
plugs, and back through the boiler tubes and on to the fire. This steam,
if properly regulated as in the manner herein-after described, will cause
a better intermingling of the hot gases generated and the atmospheric
air entering through the fire-bars and fire-door, and by easing the too
great power of the blast when the engine is pressed by a load or speed,
or an incline, will check the tendency of the fire to."lift," and of the
sparks, cinders, and lighter parts of the fuel to be sucked or drawn
through the boiler tubes, and either injuriously deposited in the smoke
box or thrown out of the chimney at the risk of setting fire to whatever
inflammable substance they may come in contact with.
In order that the steam, whether exhaust or waste or live steam, when
introduced in the manner above referred to, may produce a beneficial
effect with certainty and with the best results, I have discovered that it
is necessary to have ready means of so regulating and controlling the
supply of such steam that it may on all required occasions be suitably
adjusted to the state of the engine, or fire, or boiler, and to the work
required to be done at the time. I accordingly with the T or other
suitable pipe used, as above described, for introducing the steam, a
throttle valve or cock, or "foot" or "bellows" valve, placed on the g
apparatus in such a way that the rush of steam, whether mixed with air,
hydrocarbons, or pulverised fuel, as herein-after described, can be readily
graduated. In some cases this is most conveniently done by hand, as
when the engine starts on a green or fresh fire or gets low in steam
through accident or from neglect of the driver, and when it is not
desirable to tap or curtail the power of the steam in the blast pipe. But
the like object may also be effected automatically, and in many cases
preferably, by apparatus constructed in the following manner:-A con-
venient communication is established between the lever or regulator on
the foot plate and the cock or valve on the apparatus in the smoke box,
to that as the lever or regulator is moved by the engine driver, the valve
or cock is proportionately opened or shut, and thus the blast pipe is

page_text: proportionately eased, the fire spared, and ashes and cinders kept from
being carried through the tubes.
The apparatus can also be made self-adjusting in the following way :—
The spindle to which the throttle or other cock or valve is attached is
prolonged through the side of the "T" pipe. To the outside part of
this spindle is attached a vane, which is acted on by the draft through
the boiler tubes created by the exhaust blast. This outside vane hangs
downward, and its weight tends to close the throttle valve. Now as the
exhaust blast increases in force the vane is acted on in greater or less
degree, and the throttle valve is opened or shut proportionately.
The following is a method of utilizing the live steam which I have
discovered to produce very beneficial results :-There are circumstances
under which it is desirable to allow live steam to pass from the boiler
through the apparatus, as when the engine is standing at a station or
has been brought to a stop by a signal outside a station. In such case
steam may have been at maximum pressure, and in fact blowing off, yet
the use of the blower is requisite to create a draft in the chimney in
order to prevent smoke. But as the effect of the blower is to increase
the amount of steam, the driver is placed on the horns of a dilemma. If
he does not use his blower, a dense smoke may be the consequence. If
he does use his blower, he may perhaps make too much steam, and his
engine begins to blow off at the safety valve; but this blowing off of steam
represents a wasting of valuable heat and fuel. I overcome this diffi-
culty by leading a pipe from the steam dome or any other convenient
part of the engine into the apparatus above described. Preferably, I open
it into the upper or perpendicular length of the "T" pipe, just below
the regulating cock or valve which regulates the exhaust steam, so that
on admitting the live steam from the boiler the steam will rush through
the apparatus and through the boiler tubes on to the fire, and so damp
down the top of the fire, ease the pressure of steam in the boiler, and
counterbalance the effects of the blower, thus preventing the waste steam,
diminishing smoke, and saving fuel.
To avoid having two connecting rods, one from the exhaust steam

page_text: <<
The main rod leading from the exhaust cock or valve may be worked
by a push and pull" motion, and upon the same rod being turned or
twisted to the right or left it will open or shut the live steam cock.
As connection between the exhaust valve or cock on the T pipe and
lever or regulator is easily established, so is a connection between the
safety valve and live steam cock or T pipe. The moment the safety
valve lifts from over pressure it will create torsion in the connecting rod
and open the cock, thus letting overplus steam on to the fire, and so
automatically regulate the pressure, as herein-before described.
When it is deemed requisite to inject air, pulverized fuel, or liquid
fuel separately or mixed in due proportion with the exhaust or waste or
live steam, a short jet pipe is fitted into the open end of the perpen-
dicular "T" pipe close to the blast pipe, and acts as the inducing
power. The door or foot valve alluded to above is placed in front of
this jet pipe. The steam jet forces open this valve, which then acts as a
stop to its return. It will be obvious that any modified pumping appa-
ratus could be made to attain that end, although not so satisfactorily.
When the waste steam or live steam (separately or combined) rushes
through this jet pipe it induces or sucks in, by means of suitable tubes,
air or pulverized fuel, liquid fuel, oxygen, or atmospheric air, which may
be supplied from reservoirs in any convenient manner.
In some cases I find that for the automatic and hand regulation of the
exhaust or the live steam applied according to my Invention, it will be
found advantageous to employ modifications of my apparatus constructed
and used in the following manner :—
Instead of making a reversed T and taking the exhaust steam from the
throat or top of the blast pipe, I cut a hole in the base of the blast pipe
or cast or make a blast pipe with such hole, and I flange on to it a short
horizontal T. This T will deliver the exhaust steam through the boiler
tubes on to the fire, as was done by the first described apparatus, but it
will be of larger diameter, and may deliver steam through a greater
number of boiler tubes in consequence. The increased size of this hori-
zontal T is owing to the greater size of the blast pipe and less pressure
of steam at its lower end. The regulation of this horizontal T is similar
to that which has been already described.

page_text: "
Instead of a throttle valve I use a valve, above alluded to, which unites
the qualities of throttle and stop valve in one, and is known as a foot,"
"hinge," or "door," or "bellows" valve, governed by the regulating
rod, whereby the amount of opening from the blast pipe and the con-
sequent amount of exhaust steam passing into the apparatus and fire is
as accurately regulated as possible; but there is a spring on the side of
the valve next the rod which yields and gives more opening if sudden or
unforeseen extra pressure of steam requires it, and at the same time the
live steam, when let on as before described to damp the fire, cannot
escape up the blast pipe and act as a blower, and so increase gene-
rating steam, because of the valve automatically acting as a stop to it,
precisely as a common kitchen bellows valve prevents air issuing through
the larger opening when the air is compressed by the hand.
In some cases I introduce a spring or weighted safety valve into the T,
so that when the engine steam becomes too strong the pressure cases
itself through the safety valve on the fire through the apparatus above
described, and so damps the fire and regulates the pressure of steam that
it will be impossible for a careless or inexperienced driver to have any
wasteful blowing off or noise through his safety valve. This is only
another method of automatic regulation.
It is obvious that in case of an accident occurring or other emer-
gency, the means of utilizing and regulating the supply of live steam
will be found very advantageous, as any required quantity of live steam
sufficient to damp down or extinguish the fire more or less rapidly, as
may be necessary, may be made available by opening the live steam cock
and letting the requisite quantity of steam rush in over the fire through
apparatus such as is above described.
Sometimes it may be thought well to expand the surface of the
upright apparatus so as to catch more of the waste heat going through
the tubes into the smoke box. In such case a chamber is constructed of
copper or iron a little smaller in height and width than the size of the
smoke box door, and about two to four inches in thickness. It is placed
between the blast pipe and tube plate and has the opening from the blast
pipe, and is provided with similar valves, cocks, and tubes to inject and
eject steam as those herein-before described for exhaust and live steam.
But in order not to impede the draft of the engine several holes should

page_text: be cut right through both sides of this chamber, which holes, having
short lengths of boiler tube screwed or brazed into them, cause the
chamber to appear nearly like the end of the boiler itself, and while the
chamber is quite steam tight, the draft from the boiler tubes coming
through these various holes heat the chamber and likewise the steam
passing through it very highly, yet the draft is not interfered with nor
are the engine cleaners precluded from running their cleaning rods
through the tubes, because the holes in the chamber register with the
holes in the boiler.
Another modification of the apparatus which I have found to be very
advantageous for the purposes of my Invention is constructed as
follows: Instead of adding a separate apparatus to the blast pipe, as
above described, I tap the blast pipe (having first contracted to the
requisite degree its top orifice) in several places, and carry short lengths
of tube from it to the blast pipe directly into the boiler. In order to
regulate the amount of steam to be drawn from the blast pipe, and to
obtain the value of the hinge or door valve above mentioned, I fit a thin
sliding shutter sliding up and down or sideways in the blast pipe, with
openings opposite the orifices of the tubes leading to the boiler. The
sliding of this inside shutter up or down or sideways imitates the action
of the slide valve, and the amount of steam is regulated similarly by the
opening or contracting of the mouths of the tubes. In this case a
bellows valve is put on only one tube, and live steam let into that par-
ticular tube only.
-A hole is cut in the
upright pipe being
From this elbow a
Another modification is constructed as follows:-
blast pipe at its base, a flanged elbow taking an
bolted on it, and a door or bellows valve added.
perpendicular pipe (closed at top) extends. A row of short tubes go from
it into the boiler tubes. It has got live steam cock or valve as before-
mentioned. The same result is produced as in any other case, but with
this end in view, that as the tubes behind the blast pipe are usually
neglected by the cleaners dirt accumulates in those tubes, which become
practically useless for heating purposes, and may therefore be advan-
tageously and safely occupied by the tubes of this apparatus.
In adapting my present Invention to stationary and marine steam
engines, the apparatus proposed to be used by me may be advantageously
modified in the manner following:-Pipes are carried from the back end

page_text: of the boiler through the water space of the boiler towards the furnace,
so that when steam is let on the gases rising from the fire are met about
the bridge and forced into a better mixing with the atmospheric air by
the back rush of steam, and it is to be understood that the effect of the
regulated supply of steam will depend in a great degree, though not
altogether, on the steam impinging on the furnace (whether marine or
stationary) at or about the position and in the manner it has been
alluded to as usefully striking the fire in locomotives, that is to say, in
direct opposition to the main draft current, and so as to press back and
retain the heat in the furnace. It is not requisite to make any important
alteration in the apparatus when marine or stationary engines are worked
by tubular boilers. In the case of marine boilers or where the draft is
not very good, the fan, or steam, or other blower and my counterblast
apparatus, as described, can be used simultaneously.
Where liquid fuel is used in marine engines the following method is.
adopted Suppose the reservoir of liquid fuel to be contained in con-
veniently shaped cases outside the ship, so that if fire occurred on board
the cases could be readily cast off, a pipe of flexible or rigid material
leads from the liquid fuel case or cases outside the ship to the back of
the smoke box. At any moment this liquid fuel can be injected over or
into the fire by the induction force of the steam jet alluded to already as
capable of injecting liquid fuel in locomotives. Similarly pulverized fuel
can be injected on the fire.
I do not claim generally the injection of steam over the fire of any
furnace, nor the injection of air nor of liquid fuel.
In order that the nature and main features of my present Invention
may be clearly ascertained, I would observe that engines vary in action
as their work varies and according to the state of repair. A locomotive
engine pulling a heavy load or running light uses her fuel in greater or
less proportion. An engine out of order requires more steam, and there-
fore more fuel, than an engine whose condition of repair is excellent. As
the work varies as the engine is in better or worse condition, the action
of the blast pipe should be regulated in accordance therewith. Hitherto
no means of enabling this regulated action to be applied have, as far as I
know, been successfully employed, and by my Invention the desideratum
is, as I believe, successfully supplied for the first time.

page_text: The apparatus found suitable to one engine might not without much
testing be made to do on other engines, therefore would not be suitable
to an engine with varying work to do and a tendency to loose valves or
other similar deterioration. For instance, suppose an engine started in
good order, and either a tube burst or some such accident requiring a
greater demand on the steam cylinder, then the driver ought to be pro-
vided with the means of regulating the action of the exhaust in the
manner effected by me according to my present Invention.
I should here observe that Letters Patent bearing date the 31st day of
March 1869, No. 965, for "Improved Methods of and Apparatus for
Utilizing the Waste Steam of Locomotive Engines," and Letters Patent
bearing date the 3rd day of November 1870, No. 2906, for "Improved
Methods of and Apparatus for Utilizing the Waste and Spare or Live
Steam, Waste and Spare Heat, and Waste and Spare Momentum of
Locomotive and other Steam Engines," were duly granted to me, and
that the present Invention is partly based upon and has arisen out of the
Inventions for which such prior Letters Patent were granted.
66
"
"
I would further observe that I do not claim generally the introduction
of "live" or
exhaust or "waste steam into the fire-box or fire-place
of a steam engine, as various attempts have been heretofore made to
employ steam when so introduced.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I claim as
constituting the Invention secured to me by the said herein-before in
part recited Letters Patent,-
First. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting my
improved apparatus for supplying steam in regulated quantity to the
fire-box of a locomotive engine, substantially in the manner and for the
purposes herein-before described and set forth.
Secondly. The means of regulating at the will of the driver, and auto-
matically when required, the supply of steam introduced into the fire-
box of a locomotive engine, substantially in the manner and for the
purposes herein-before described.
Thirdly. The use of regulated supplies of steam, whether waste or
exhaust or live steam alone or mixed with powdered fuel or liquid
hydrocarbons, when introduced into the fire-boxes or fire-places of steam

page_text: engines, in the manner and for the purposes substantially as herein-
before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Arthur Dillon, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of February,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
three.
Witness,
E. P. H. VAUGHAN, F.C.S.,
54, Chancery Lane.
THOMAS A. DILLON. (L.S.)