Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Dec., 1887
Complete Specification Left, 19th Sept., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 19th Oct.,
1888
I HENRY EDWARD NEWTON of the Office for Patents, 6 Bream's Buildings,
Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to obviate the liability of the fouling of anchors, and
yet to provide effectually for insuring the flukes or palms always coming to a position
to take hold.
In carrying out the invention, the stock of the anchor is dispensed with.
The invention consists in the combination, in an anchor, of two arms projecting
radially from the crown in opposite directions, and constructed or provided with palms
or flukes, two other arms, which may be termed guard-arms, projecting from the
crown in opposite directions at right angles to the first-mentioned arins, and upwardly
converging guards consisting of rods or bars connected with the said guard arms at
the extremities thereof, and united at their upper ends, either together, or with the
shank of the anchor. The said guard arms may be longer than the first-mentioned arms,
and may have palms or flukes on their sides, but have none at their extremities, where
the connection is made with the upwardly converging guards.
An anchor constructed according to this invention may or may not have a central
shank. When the anchor is made with a central shank, said shank consists of a
separate piece provided with a shoulder near its lower end to fit within a shouldered
opening in the centre of the crown, and the upper end of the said shank is connected
with the converging guards before mentioned by a pin, by which, when the guard bars
are secured to the ends of the guard arms, the said shank is secured in place, and the
parts of the anchor are firmly secured together.

page_text: In order to facilitate the stowage or transportation of the anchor, it is desirable
that the arms first mentioned, which are furnished with flukes, should be capable of
being brought to such position that they will not project from the crown in a direction
lateral to the guard arms; or in other words, that the said first mentioned arms shall
be capable of being brought within, or nearly within two imaginary parallel planes,
hetween which the sides of the guard arms would be included. The arms which have
the flukes or palms at their extremities are fitted to the shank of the anchor in such
manner that they may be capable of turning thereon for the purpose of being brought
from their operative position at right angles to the guard arms, to positions in line
with the guard-arms, in which latter position they will offer no obstacle to the
convenient stowage of the anchor. Instead, however, of the palm-bearing arms being
arranged to turn upon the shank, as above mentioned, they or the palms or flukes may
be hinged to the crown of the anchor in such manner as to be folded upwards when
the anchor is not required to be used.
Dated this 23rd day of December 1887

page_text: 1 HENRY EDWARD NEWTON of the Office for Patents, 6 Bream's Buildings,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex. Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
-
The object of this invention is to obviate the liability of the fouling of anchors, and
yet to provide effectually for ensuring the flukes or palms always coming to a position.
to take hold of the ground. In carrying out this invention, the ordinary stock of the
anchor is dispensed with.
The invention consists in the combination, in an anchor, of two arms projecting
radially from the crown in opposite directions, and bearing or constructed with palms
or Hukes, two other arms which may be termed guard armis projecting from the crown
in opposite directions at right angles to the first mentioned arms, and upwardly
converging guards consisting of rods or bars connected with the said guard arms at
the extremities thereof, and united at their upper ends either together. or with the
shank of the anchor. The said guard arms may be longer than the first-mentioned
arms, and may have palms or flukes on their sides, but have none at their extremities
where the connection is made with the upwardly converging guards.
An anchor constructed according to this invention may or may not have a central
shank. The invention consists, when the anchor is made with a central shank, in
making the said shank of a separate piece provided with a shoulder near its lower end,
to fit within a shouldered opening in the centre of the crown, and in connecting the
upper end of the said shank with the converging guards before mentioned by a pin,
by which, when the guard bars are secured to the ends of tho guard arms, the
said shank is secured in place, and the parts of the anchor are firmly secured
together.
The palmed or fluke-bearing arms may be fixed relatively to the guard arms, but
in order to facilitate the stowage or transportation of the anchor, it is desirable that
the first above mentioned arms should be capable of being brought to such position
that they will not project from the crown in a direction lateral to the guard arms; or
in other words, it is desirable that the said palmed or fluke-bearing arms shall be
capable of being brought within or nearly within two imaginary parallel planes
between which the sides of the guard arms would be included. The invention there-
fore further consists in fitting the arms which have the flukes or palms at their
extremities, to the shank of the anchor, in such manner, that they may be capable of
turning thereon for the purpose of being brought from their operative position at
right angles to the guard arins, to positions in line with the guard arms, in which
latter position they will offer no obstacle to the convenient stowage of the anchor.
Instead, however, of the palm-bearing arms being arranged to turn upon the shank as
above mentioned, they or the palms or flukes, may be hinged to the crown of the

page_text: anchor in such manner as to be folded upwards when the anchor is not required to
be used. This hinging of the palm bearing arms or palms is also a feature of the
invention.
In the accompanying drawings :-
Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 represent an anchor which embodies the invention
Fig. 1 being a side view, Fig. 2 a contral sectional view taken at right angles to
Fig. 1; Fig. 3a transverse sectional view taken on the line a, r of Fig. 1, and
Fig. 4 representing one of the details of construction. Fig. 5 is a sectional view
illustrating a modification of the provision for bringing the palm-bearing arms and
palms to a position for stowing the anchor. Fig. 6 is a side view of an anchor of
modified construction. Fig. 7 represents a plan of the arms of the anchor represented
in Fig. 6; and Fig. 8 is a plan view of the arms of an anchor illustrating another
modification.
Similar letters of reference designate corresponding parts in the several Figures.
Referring first to Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4, C' designates the crown of the anchor, having
constructed in the same piece with it, and projecting radially from it in opposite
directions, the guard arms C, C. A, designates the shank of the anchor, having its
lower end connected with the crown at the centre thereof, and having its upper
end connected with the guard arms CC by means of the upwardly converging
guards D, D.
BB designates the palmed or fluke-bearing arms of the anchor, which are
constructed or furnished at their ends with palms or flukes substantially like those of
an ordinary anchor. These arms, with their palms or flukes, project from the crown
of the anchor in opposite directions radially, and when in their operative position,
shown in bold outline in Figs. 1, 2, 3, they stand at right angles to the guard
arms C, C.
The guard arms C C are considerably longer than the fluke-bearing arms, and the
spread of the converging guards D D, at their connection with the said arms, is wide
enough to provide for the reception between the said guards, of the whole length of
the palmed or fluke-bearing arms B B, when the latter are brought to a position shown
in dotted outlines in Figs. 1 and 2.
To provide for the palmed or fluke-bearing arms B B being brought to their
operative position at right angles to the guard arms shown in bold outline in Figs. 1, 2, 3,
or to the position in line with the last mentioned arms, and between the converging
guards D D, the said arms B B are made in the same piece with a central socket B₁,
which is so fitted to the shank A, as to be capable of turning thereon from the one
to the other of the two positions mentioned. The said armis B B and their sockets
may be secured firmly in either of the two positions mentioned by means of a pin a,
which is inserted through a hole in the shank, and which engages with notches i
properly arranged in the upper face of the socket.
The connection between the upper ends of the converging guards D D and the
upper end of the shank, is made by a socket piece E, in which there is (as shown in
Fig. 4) a central socket b, which fits the shank, and two diagonal sockets c c to fit the
guards D, D. The lower part of the shank is made with a shoulder e to abut against
a corresponding shoulder in the portion of the crown (through which the shank
passes, and the lower parts of the guards D D are made with shoulders d d to abut
against corresponding shoulders in the parts of the guard arms CC, through which
the said guards pass. The guards D D pass through the sockets cc in the socket
piece E, and abut against the shank above; and the crown C with its guard arms CC,
the shank and guards or braces, and the socket pieco E, are all strongly and firmly
secured together by pins, bolts, or keys f, g, g, inserted through holes in the socket
piece and in the shank and guards. The crown or socket B' of the palmed or
Auke-bearing arms B B, is held firmly against the fixed crown C by a pin a.
In the modification shown in Fig. 5, the palmed or fluked-bearing arins designated
by B, instead of being constructed on the crown, and arranged to turn about the
shank A, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, for the purpose of bringing the said arms and their
flukes or palms into a suitable position for stowage, are hinged to the fixed crown C¹³,

page_text: to which the guard arms are permanently and fixedly attached. Being thus hinged,
the said arms B2 and their palms or flukes are capable of being turned upwards
close against the shank, as shown in dotted outlines in Fig. 5, in which position they
do not project laterally beyond the crown C₁, and consequently offer no obstruction
to the stowage of the anchor. At a short distance from the pivots h of the hinged
joints of these arms B2, holes are provided in the crown (for the reception of pins jj,
and corresponding holes are provided in the arms B2 B3. When the arms B2 B2 are
spread, as shown in bold outline in Fig. 2, to their operative position, the pins j j
are inserted through the aforesaid holes in the crown and in the said arms, to secure
the said arms in that position. When the said arms are turned up against the shank,
as shown in dotted outline in Fig. 5, the said pins being inserted through the holes
provided for them in the crown, stand outside of the said arms, as may be under-
stood by reference to the dotted outline in Fig. 5, and so secure them in that
position.
In the example of the invention illustrated in Figs. 6 and 7, the anchor is made
without a shank, and the converging guards or braces D D are made in the same
piece, of invorted V form, and are connected with the guard arms CC by bolts k k
passing through them and the lugs 1, forged or otherwise provided on the guard
arms C. In this example also, the palmed or fluke-bearing arms B B are made in
the same piece with the guard arms C and crown C³, and consequently are always
in fixed relation thereto.
In
In the modification shown in Fig. 8, the crown O, guard arms CC, and converging
guard braces D D, are supposed to be connected together, and with the shank A, in
the same manner as in the example shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4, but the palmed or
fluke-like arms B B are made in the same rigid piece with the guard arms CC.
this example, also, the guard arms are spread laterally at their extremities, and made
with acute-angled corners, as shown at m m, in order to formn additional palms for
increasing the hold of the anchor in the ground beyond that afforded by the palms or
Aluke-like arms B B.
An anchor constructed according to either of the represented examples of the
invention, if when it reaches the bottom it should strike upon either of the palms or
flukes of the arms B B, will be sure to take secure hold on the ground, and if it should
strike upon either of the guard arms CC, it will turn or fall over in one direction or
the other, so that one of the flukes or palms of the arms B B will take the ground,
and if the guard arms C C be provided with auxiliary flukes m, one of those also may
take additional hold. In which ever way the anchor strikes the ground, there can be
no fouling, for there is no hold for the cable on the flukes or palins of the arms B B,
and the converging guards extending to the ends of the guard arms CC will prevent
any fouling with the latter.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is:
1. The combination in an anchor of two arms projecting radially from the crown
in opposite directions, and constructed or provided with palms or flukes at their
extremities, two guard arms projecting from the crown in opposite directions at right
angles to the first mentioned arms, and upwardly converging guard arms at the
extremities thereof, substantially as and for the purposes herein described.
2. The combination in an anchor of two shorter arms projecting radially from the
crown in opposite directions, and having palms at their extremities, two longer arms
projecting from the crown in opposite directions at right angles to the first mentioned
arms, and upwardly converging guards connected with the said longer arms at the
extremities thereof, substantially as and for the purpose herein described.
3. The combination with the central shank and crown of an anchor, of arms
projecting from the crown in opposite directions, and having palms at their extremities,
two intermediate arms projecting from the crown in opposite directions at right angles
to the first-mentioned arms, and upwardly converging guards connecting the ends of

page_text: the last mentioned arms with the head of the shank, substantially as and for the
purpose herein described.
4. The combination in an anchor of a central shank, palined or fluke-like arms
capable of turning about the axis of the shank, fixed arms rigidly attached to the
shank, and fixed converging guards or braces connecting the ends of said fixed arms
with the shank, and having sufficient spread at their connection with the said fixed
arms, to permit the palm-bearing arms and their palms to pass between them when
the last-mentioned arms are turned in line with the rigidly attached arms, substantially
as herein described.
5. The combination of the crown C³, having arms CC, a central shank fitted to
said crown with a shoulder e, diagonal braces or converging guards D D fitted to the
arms with shoulders d d, the socket piece E having sockets b, c c, for the shank and
braces, and the pins or keys f, g 9, all substantially as described with reference to
Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4.
6. The combination with the fixed guard arms CC, crown 0¹, and shank A, of the
palmed or fluke-like arms B B, hinged to the said crown, and capable of being turned
upwards against the shank, so that neither projects laterally beyond the said crown,
substantially as described with reference to Fig. 5 of the drawings, for the purpose set
forth.