Year: 1886

page_text: I, ETIENNE HIPPOLYTE DESOLU, of Paris, in the Department of the Scine and
Republic of France, Officer in the Fronch Army, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a novel Battery with two liquids and several porous
vessels.
The great difficulty with Batteries generally is to give them as regular a constancy
as possible, it is always easy to obtain energy by increasing the number of the elements,
but it is difficult to maintain the production of the current about equal during a fixed
period.
In fact at the moment of charging, the acids reacting energetically give first a
delivery of great intensity, then little by little, gradually weakening, the current
diminishes in the same proportions.
I have found the means of avoiding this difficulty and of giving to the battery a
constant delivery as long as it lasts.
I obtain this result by the interposition between the two elements of a second porous
vessel in which I place an acidulated liquid the merit of which is that it maintains
with regularity the degree of acidulation of each of the elements of the battery.
The result is that the battery finding again in this intermediate reservoir that which
it continually expends, its delivery is insured so long as the supply is not exhausted.
Further, the isolation of this reserve between the two porous vessels not permitting
it to mix with the two liquids, the effect is that the action is only produced during the
working of the battery and the borrowing therefrom by each of the elements is only
exactly in the proportions of its expenditure; it is this which insures the constancy
of this battery without renewal of the liquid during at least ten hours.
I will now proceed to describe the construction of my battery by reference to the
accompanying sheet of drawing.
A first porous vessel A contains the zinc forming the negative pole.
The first vessel is placed in a second B of somewhat larger dimensions so as to leave
a small space between their sides; the bottom of the vessel A is provided with three

page_text: small glass balls in order to raise it and permit the circulation of the acid beneath it;
in the manufacture of the porous vessel the sides might be extended, forming three
or four projections which would give the same result.
It is in the space between these two porous vessels that I place the acidulated
liquid intended to preserve the degree of acidulation of each of the elements by its
effect of endosmosis with each of them.
These two vessels thus arranged are placed in a case or receptacle D in which a
certain number of elements may also be united.
In this case D are placed the carbons and the second liquid chosen, which may be
any suitable liquid.
I take for example bichromate of potash; this salt relatively very cheap has the
disadvantage of lasting but a short time; with my system this salt as ordinarily used
ensures me à constant duration of ten hours.
The elements are thus arranged in a case or box and may be fixed therein.
To facilitate charging the battery, emptying and filling the porous vessels and the
case, I have adopted an arrangement which I have shown on the Drawing.
Each of these porous vessels A and B is pierced at the bottom and provided with a
gutta percha tube; the tube a of the vessel A entering into the tube of the vessel B;
the space existing between the two bottoms of the vessel A and B and which is
reserved by the glass balls permits the outflow of the liquid contained in the vessel B
by its corresponding tubo.
Each of these two tubes a and b is provided with a discharge cock to produce the
outflow of the liquid to which it gives exit.
Further, these tubes extend and rise along the sides of the case thus constituting an
opening permitting the introduction of fresh liquids to charge the battery.
The case itself is provided with a similar tubo with purging cock and extension
tube to permit its being emptied without the necessity of displacing it.
A battery thus arranged may be set up in tension or in quantity like all other
batteries.
Thus A case of 70 x 40 x 30 centimetres in height may hold 24 elements thus
described, the carbons joined together, the zincs also united give a delivery for
galvano-plastic work or electro-metallurgy of 70 amperes per hour and that very
regularly during ten hours, if this battery is divided by groups of from one to three
elements separated in the case by isolating partitions.
I obtain for the production of light the same duration and the same regularity.
If to an intensity battery is added a third porous vessel enveloping the two others
in the same conditions that the vessel B envelopes the vessel A; by putting into the
third vessel a zinc element the electro-motor force of the battery in tension is
preserved and the delivery of amperes above mentioned obtained if all the elements
of the third vessel are reunited in quantity.
Dated this Twenty second day of July 1886.

page_text: My Invention relates to a novel battery with two liquids and several porous
vessels.
The great difficulty with Batteries generally is to give them as regular a constancy
as possible; it is always easy to obtain energy by increasing the number of the
elements, but it is difficult to maintain the production of the current about equal
during a fixed period.
In fact at the moment of charging, the acids reaching energetically give first a
delivery of great intensity, then little by little, gradually weakening, the current
diminishes in the same proportions.
I have found the means of avoiding this difficulty and of giving to the battery a
constant delivery as long as it lasts.
I obtain this result by the interposition between the two elements of a second porous
vessel in which I place an acidulated liquid the merit of which is that it maintains
with regularity the degree of acidulation of each of the elements of the battery.
The result is that the battery finding again in this intermediate reservoir that which
it continually expends, its delivery is insured so long as the supply is not exhausted.
Further, the isolation of this reserve between the two porous vessels not permitting
it to mix with the two liquids, the effect is that the action is only produced during
the working of the battery and the borrowing therefrom by each of the elements is
only exactly in the proportion of its expenditure; it is this which insures tho
constancy of this battery without renewal of the liquid during at least ten hours.
I will now proceed to describe the construction of my battery by reference to the
accompanying sheet of drawing:
A first porous vessel A contains the zinc forming the negative pole.
This first vessel is placed in a second B of sofnewhat larger dimensions so as to
leave a small space between their sides; the bottom of the vessel A is provided with
three small glass balls in crder to raise it and permit the circulation of the acid

page_text: beneath it; in the manufacture of the porous vessel the sides might be extended,
forming three or four projections which would give the same result.
It is in the space between these two porous vessels that I place the acidulated
liquid intended to preserve the degree of acidulation of each of the elements by its
effect of endosmosis with each of them.
These two vessels thus arranged are placed in a case or receptacle D, in which a
certain number of elements may also be united.
In this case D are placed the carbons and the second liquid chosen, which may be
any suitable liquid.
I take for example bichromate of potash; this salt, relatively very cheap, has the
disadvantage of lasting but a short time; with my system this salt as ordinarily used
ensures me a constant duration of ten hours.
The elements are thus arranged in a case or box and may be fixed therein.
To facilitate charging the battery, emptying and filling the porous vessels and the
case, I have adopted an arrangement which I have shown on the drawing (sce
Fig. 1).
Each of these porous vessels A and B is pierced at the bottom and provided with a
gutta percha tube; the tube a of the vessel A entering into the tube of the vessel B;
the space existing between the two bottoms of the vessels A and B, and which is
reserved by the glass balls, pormits the outflow of the liquid contained in the vessel B
by its corresponding tube.
Each of these two tubes a and b is provided with a discharge cock to produce
the outflow of the liquid to which it gives exit.
Further, these tubes extend and rise along the sides of the case, thus constituting
an opening permitting the introduction of fresh liquids to charge the battery.
The case itself is provided with a similar tube with purging cock and extension
tube to permit its being emptied without the necessity of displacing it.
A battery thus arranged may be set up in tension or in quantity like all other
batteries.
Thus a case of 70 x 40 x 30 centimetres in height may hold 24 elements thus
described; the carbons joined together, the zines also united, give a delivery for
galvano-plastic work or electro-metallurgy of 70 amperes per hour and that very
regularly during ten hours.
If this battery is divided by groups of from one to three elements separated in the
case by isolating partitions, I obtain for the production of light the same duration and
the same regularity.
The intensity of the battery I have just described and which is illustrated Figs. 1, 2,
and 3, may be increased by an arrangement shown Figs. 4, 5, and 6 of the drawing.
In this battery I add a third porous vessel B¹, and I place between the second and
the third of these vessels a zinc element G.
The battery is therefore thus composed of two zinc elements G, G¹, and of a carbon
element I.
By uniting together all the zinc elements B¹ and causing them to terminate at the
negative pole constituted by the last zinc element of the battery No. 4 Fig. 6, thero
is thus obtained a double electro-motive force, capable of giving for lighting a delivery
of an intensity also double.
This battery is charged in the following manner.
0
The porous vessels in the interior with sulphuric acid diluted with water of
acid for
water.
These proportions are however variable.
On the exterior, solution of Bichromate of Potash made as for all batteries con-
structed on this basis.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. The addition of a second porous vessel in which I place diluted sulphuric acid

page_text: intended to maintain at the same degree of acidulation exterior and interior liquids
preventing the polarisation of the battery.
2. The addition of a third porous vessel and of a second zinc element which added
to the other zines, increase the intensity in an electric battery.
3. The arrangement for the charging and discharging of the battery, without
displacement, by the aid of pipes passing through the porous vessels.
4. The application of this same battery to galvano-plastic work, the elements being
all united in quantity, that is to say all the zines together and all the carbons
together.