matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF ARTIFICIAL MARBLE, FRESCOES, AND DECORATIVE, ORNAMENTAL, AND ARTISTIC SURFACES, OBJECTS, AND WORKS
Year: 1858

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed by
the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Henry at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th March
1858. A communication from J. B. J. Lepers Brigy.
I, MICHAEL HENRY, of 77, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF ARTIFICIAL MARBLE, FRESCOES, AND
DECORATIVE, ORNAMENTAL, AND ARTISTIC SURFACES, OBJECTS, AND WORKS," com-
municated to me by J. B. J. Lepers Brigy, a foreigner residing abroad, to
be as follows:-
According to this Invention, artificial marble, frescoes, and decorative, orna-
mental, and artistic surfaces, objects, and works are produced by preparing a
surface, stucco, coating, or composition of a combination of pulverized marble
and lime, and applying thereon, or painting, decorating, or ornamenting the
same, in or with colours prepared with albumen.
The composition or stucco, brought to a pasty consistency, may be readily
laid on a wall, column, or other surface, or formed into solid bodies, or any
desired shape.
In performing this Invention, the coloring agents are prepared for being
applied on the fresh surface, coating, or stucco; and this is conveniently done
by pounding mineral colors on colours not liable to be destroyed by lime, with
white of egg, or other albuminous matter, and clearing with water.
After laying on the colours to form the imitation marble, &c., the surface

page_text: should be polished, which may be done by a trowel or suitable instrument,
allowed to dry, brushed, or encaustic or varnish applied. Before polishing,
tale may be laid on the surface to ease the trowel.
Stucco composed as described may be painted, gilded, or otherwise deco-
rated or ornamented, to produce various artistic and decorative effects, and the
colours prepared with albumen may be so applied on or to such stucco or
composition as to produce any desired representation, picture, imitation,
device, or design.
The composition of the stucco or coating for receiving colours treated with
albumen as stated may be slightly varied or modified; but I prefer combining
white marble with twice the quantity of lime.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING ESCAPE OF FOUL AIR FROM AREA, KITCHEN, AND SCULLERY DRAINS OF DWELLING HOUSES, ALSO FROM STREET, STABLE, AND SLAUGHTER- HOUSE DRAINS
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Merry, of No. 9, Park Place Villas,
Paddington, London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR PREVENTING ESCAPE OF FOUL AIR FROM AREA, KITCHEN, AND SCULLERY
DRAINS OF DWELLING HOUSES, ALSO FROM STREET, STABLE, AND SLAUGHTER-
HOUSE DRAINS."
Sealed the 18th January 1859, and dated the 24th July 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Merry at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
July 1858.
T, WILLIAM MERRY, of 9, Park Place Villas, Paddington, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRE-
VENTING ESCAPE OF FOUL AIR FROM AREA, KITCHEN, AND SCULLERY DRAINS OF
DWELLING HOUSES, ALSO FROM STREET, STABLE, AND SLAUGHTER-HOUSE DRAINS,"
to be as follows:-
It consists of a box which can be made with iron, stoneware, or other hard
material; it will vary in size, but for all ordinary purposes it will be 12 ins.
long, 6 inches wide, and 9 inches deep; the ends and sides are slightly
bevelled, to ensure close surface joints; there is a partition across the centre
which divides the length into two compartments.

page_text: When applied to street, stable, or slaughter-house drains, No. 1 compart-
ment will be formed with brickwork set in cement, and an iron gate will be
fixed on the top, but where applied to house drains each compartment will be
of the same material. The top of No. 1 compartment has 9 holes, through
which water enters, from thence it passes through the opening A. Το
prevent hard substances passing, the opening is protected by means of the
piece B; the upper edge rests against the top of the partition, and the lower
edge projects into No. 1 compartment, at an angle of about 22 degrees, with a
dip into the water which forms the first trap. The water on passing through
the opening A, falls into a basin, and through a circular opening at its bottom
into No. 2 compartment, from thence it passes through the outlet C, and
which outlet is above the bottom of the basin; this forms the second trap.
Whilst the water is passing through the opening at the bottom of the basin,
the ball D rises, and immediately the water ceases to flow it falls into the
opening which forms the third trap.
compartment form a threefold trap.
Hence, the ball and dip in each
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WIRE APPLICABLE TO UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS, AND TO ARTICLES OF DRESS
Year: 1858

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Fildes Cocker at the
Office of the Commissioners of. Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
January 1858.
I, THOMAS FILDES COCKER, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Steel File
and Wire Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WIRE APPLICABLE TO UMBRELLAS AND
PARASOLS, AND TO ARTICLES OF DRESS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in applying to umbrellas and parasols, and to hoops
or stiffeners for ladies dresses, and to stays, flanged wire, that is to say, a form
or forms of wire, which in the cross section has a flange or thin flat projection
or spreading on each side, of the round, square, or angular thickness of the
wire.
This form or these forms of wire is or are made out of round or square
wire by passing such wire through suitably grooved rollers, adjusted to such
distance apart as may be adapted to produce the required thickness of the
flange. The flanged wire thus formed is drawn through suitably formed
apertures in a wire-drawing plate, or through adjustable steel cutters, in order
to remove any inequalities in the flange when required.
My Invention is not confined to the above described mode of manufacturing
the flanged wire.
A LIQUID OR COMPOSITION WHICH, WHEN APPLIED TO SUBSTANCES OF ANY KIND, WILL BENDER THEM FIREPROOFS OR UNINFLAMMABLES
Year: 1858

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Cristoforo Buono-Core at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd August 1858.
I, CRISTOFORO BUONO-CORE, of Naples, and of 45, Essex Street, Strand,
5 London,, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A LIQUID
OR COMPOSITION WHICH, WHEN APPLIED TO SUBSTANCES OF ANY KIND, WILL BENDER
THEM FIREPROOFS OR UNINFLAMMABLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object to render fireproof or uninflammable every
substance or material of any kind whatever, and I effect this by coating the
said substances or materials with the following composition:-
A solution of alum - - 20 parts.
Extract of archicouta
Fluoric acid
A solution of glass -
-
30 parts.
50 parts.
100 parts.
5 The whole being mixed together, the coating is made by means of a brush,
and it is placed upon the furniture instead of the ordinary varnish.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, DOUBLING, AND TWISTING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Scholfield and William
Cudworth at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 24th May 1858.
We, JOHN SCHOLFIELD, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton
Spinner, and WILLIAM CUDWORTH, of the same Place, Manager, do hereby
declare the nature of our said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, DOUBLING, AND TWISTING COTTON
AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention applies more particularly to that description of preparing
machinery known as "Dyers frames," or tube roving machines, but is also
applicable to other machines of a similar description. The improvements
relate to that part of the "frame" called the "tubes" or hollow spindles
which are employed to impart a twist to the "sliver" as it passes through the
said "tube."
Our improvement consists in closing and tapering the delivering end of
these "tubes," and forming two or more holes or eyelets in the sides of them
in such a position that the sliver may pass from the inside of the "tube" to
the outside, and thence to the inside again, once, or as many times as required,

page_text: and be finally delivered to the bobbins from one of the holes in the opposite
side of the tube by which means a more effectual and permanent "twist" is
given to the sliver, the "tubes" and connected' apparatus being driven in the
ordinary manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING OILS AND FATTY MATTERS
Year: 1858

page_text: by the Act.)
nt was not given within the time prescribed
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Antoine Fidelis Cossus at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
May 1858.
I, ANTOINE FIDELIS Cossus, of Cagliari, in the Kingdom of Sardinia, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING
OILS AND FATTY MATTERS," to be as follows:-
My present Invention of improvements in treating oils and fatty matters
relates to improvements upon an invention or discovery for which I obtained
Letters Patent bearing date 21st May 1855.
The present Invention consists in submitting the oily and fatty matters to
the action of vegetable or mineral black, prepared in such a manner and form
as to act more efficiently than heretofore on such fatty matters, and whereby
they will be purified and bleached.
The blacks which I propose to employ for the above purposes are, first,
schists, very perfectly carbonized by any of the ordinary processes or otherwise.
Under the generic name of schist is naturally comprised boghead, coal, and
other matters possessing the same chemical constituents; second, I sometimes
employ a manufactured black composed of argillaceous or aluminiferous earth,
to which may be added from five to ten per cent. of vegetable or mineral tar, or
some fatty matter. These ingredients may be carbonized in pots, retorts, or

page_text: other suitable vessels or apparatus, as in the case of schists, bones, and other
substances; third, a black may be also prepared by carbonizing fossil cal-
careous phosphates, with the addition of tar or fatty matters, as in the former
instance.
Any of the above mentioned prepared blacks may be employed for the
purposes of my Invention, but in order to cause them to produce the desired
effect the mass should be reduced to fragments of about the size of millet
seed, and the dust or flour carefully removed therefrom, as the latter by
uniting with the fatty matters would form a kind of mastic, which would
materially interfere with tho process of filtration.
The fatty matter which requires purifying is placed in a boiler or vessel, and
to it is added about three per cent. of one of the prepared blacks in the form
of small grains. The temperature of the mass is to be raised by means of
steam or otherwise, and to be kept constantly agitated for about an hour,
when the fatty matter may be drawn off and filtered either once or twice
through a bed of white sawdust and a bed of prepared black.
A STATIC PRESSURE ENGINE
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Moses Starbuck at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th November
1858.
I, MOSES STARBUCK, of New York, in the County of New York and State
of New York, in the United States of America, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "A STATIC PRESSURE ENGINE," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the application of a static pressure to produce a
continuous movement, which movement is effected in consonance with the
settled laws of mechanical philosophy by means of arrangements of mechanical
devices heretofore undeveloped. By means of these devices I am enabled to
convert a static pressure into a continuous movement, from which the static
pressure (minus the friction of the engine) can be continually given off for
the purpose of moving any machinery to which the engine may be applied.
IN- PROVEMENTS IN VOLTAIC BATTERIES, AND IN MEANS FOR PRODUCING THE ELECTRIC LIGHT
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Hunt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th February
1858.
I, EDMUND HUNT, of 31, Walnut-tree Walk, Lambeth, in the County of
Surrey, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IN-
PROVEMENTS IN VOLTAIC BATTERIES, AND IN MEANS FOR PRODUCING THE ELECTRIC
LIGHT," to be as follows:-
My improvements relate, firstly, to what are known as double fluid batteries
(such as, for instance, the form or arrangement known as "Grove's," or the
"Maynooth "), in place of the porous earthenware cell and negative metallic
plate: I employ a cell of carbon or graphite as the electro-negative element,
and which serves as the receptacle for the nitric acid or other fluid used.
Such cells may be cut from dense blocks of graphite, or carbon from gas
works, but I prefer producing them in the following manner :-I take finely
divided coke, graphite, charcoal, or other carbon, and intimately mix the same
with a sufficient quantity of tar, oil, or other suitable hydro-carbon, until the
mixture becomes sufficiently adhesive to cling or hold together. I then mould
the mixture into any desired hollow form or cell, and subject it to a red heat
in any convenient furnace, by which means a certain cohesion is given to the
mass, and by repeated alternate immersion in tar, or other such material, and
exposure to intense heat, any desired amount of density may be given to the

page_text: carbon cell or vessel. I make such vessels of suitable form for the attach-
ment of the necessary connexions, or mould them with projections for dipping
in a cup of mercury, or I form a cavity on the top edge or side in which to
place mercury or other conductor for making connexion with the electro-
positive metal in series.
In some cases it is desirable, after completing the carbon cell to the required
density, to wash the interior with a mixture of clay and water, or carburet of
iron and water, or with a mixture of both, and, after carefully drying the same,
to subject it to an elevated temperature. By this means I check the rapid
exhudation of nitrous acid or other fluid which may be used. An electro-
negative element, when so prepared, may be used with any electro-positive
metal.
The second part of my Invention relates to the manufacture of electrodes,
or carbon points, for producing the electric light. For this purpose I take
the residuum from the distillation of tar or pitch, and reduce it to an im
palpable powder, and mix with tar or other hydro-carbon, moulding the
electrodes of the desired pencil form. I then subject them to a red heat,
and subsequently immerse them in tar or other hydro-carbon, again subject
them to heat, and repeat these operations until the desired density is obtained.
AN IMPROVED PREPARATION OF MATERIALS TO BE USED FOR ROOFS AND OTHER PARTS OF BUILDINGS, AND FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES FOR WHICH WOOD IS NOW GENERALLY EMPLOYED
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph William Wilson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th July 1858.
I, JOSEPH WILLIAM WILSON, of Duke Street, Adelphi, in the City of
Westminster, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED PREPARATION OF MATERIALS TO BE USED FOR ROOFS AND
OTHER PARTS OF BUILDINGS, AND FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES FOR WHICH WOOD IS NOW
GENERALLY EMPLOYED," to be as follows:-
My Invention of "An Improved Preparation of Materials to be used for
Roofs and other Parts of Buildings, and for various Purposes for which Wood
is now generally employed," consists in combining together, by means of any
suitable cement or adhesive material, shavings or thin sheets of wood arranged
in layers one above another with the cement between them. A number of
layers having been thus combined together in one sheet, the latter is to be
corrugated or fluted by passing the sheet between fluted or corrugated rollers
or submitting it to pressure from suitably formed plates or dies. By this
means sheets of any convenient dimensions composed principally of woody
fibre and of considerable strength may be produced, and will be found
applicable for use as a material for roofing or for the formation of the walls,

page_text: partitions, or other parts of buildings. This material, owing to its great
strength and lightness, may be advantageously employed in the manufacture
of boxes, trunks, packing cases, and for other analogous purposes where
great strength combined with lightness are required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CHAIRS
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Josiah Turner at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th December 1858.
I, JOSIAH TURNER, of 8, Lavender Grove, Queen's Road, Dalston, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CHAIRS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of chairs.
Chairs as at present constructed with the seat, back, and legs all rigidly fixed
together, are very inconvenient to pack, and they occupy much space; to
obviate this difficulty I construct a chair in two parts, the seat and front legs
forming one part, and the back and hind legs the other part. In order to hold
the two parts together for use, a screw nut is let into each of the side rails of the
seat, and other screw nuts at the lower part of the back where the seat is to be
fixed to it, the screw nuts are drawn together by screw bolts (one on each side
of the chair), having threads cut on them at each end, the thread at one end
being right handed, and that at the other end left handed; the bolts work in
recesses formed for them in the side rails of the seat, and they have holes formed
in their stems, by which an instrument can be introduced to turn them, and by
so turning them the parts of the chair are drawn together. In some cases I
connect the two parts of a chair by fixing metal studs or buttons on one p rt to
enter holes in metal plates fixed in the other part, each hole being of a size and
form to allow the button to enter, and afterwards to permit the stem of the
button to drop into a notch formed for it on one side of the hole, so as to carry

page_text: the button partially behind the plate, and thus to fix it. In some descriptions
of chairs I also make the front legs capable of being readily detached from the
seat by employing right and left handed screws and screw nuts, as already
described.
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GYPSUM
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Garratt Barham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
March 1858.
I, ALFRED GARRATT BARHAM, of Bridgewater, in the County of Somerset,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GYPSUM," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
My Invention, which has for its object the manufacture of gypsum by a
more simple and expeditious method than hitherto, for the general purposes of
manure, plaster, cement, stucco, or otherwise, in which the same is usually
employed, consists in submitting the gypsum in its raw state to the action of
high-pressure steam, or steam surcharged with heat, by which the water
of crystallization is more readily extracted or absorbed than by the means at
present in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF BAGS FOR CORN AND OTHER ARTICLES, AND SAILS FOR SHIPS
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Beadon at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th July 1858.
I, WILLIAM BEADON, of Otterhead, Honiton, in the County of Devon, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF BAGS FOR CORN AND OTHER ARTICLES, AND SAILS FOR SHIPS," to be
as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of bags
for corn and other articles, and sails for ships. For these purposes in place
of such bags and sails being woven wholly of yarns of fibrous vegetable sub-
stances, as heretofore, metal wire is introduced, together or in combination
with such yarns of vegetable fibrous substances, and they are woven into
suitable fabrics for making bags and sails, by which not only will greater
strength be obtained, but in respect to bags to contain corn or seeds or other
matters which are liable to be attacked by rats and mice, such bags will be
rendered less accessable.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN SLEEVE LINKS
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Beaver at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd November
1858.
I, LOUIS BEAVER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Jeweller, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
SLEEVE LINKS," to be as follows :—
The improvement consists in the novel application or adaptation of a well-
known description of spring fastening to "sleeve links," whereby they are
firmly secured.
The spring fastoning is attached beneath the ornamental plates or buttons
of the "sleeve link," and consists in a fixed loop or link open at one end,
which opening is closed by a spring tongue opening inwards, so that when
fastening it on the sleeve the tongue will be pressed back, and upon coming
into the buttonhole it will close and fasten the sleeve together, and also securo
the link upon the sleeve.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR MANU- FACTURING GAS FOR ILLUMINATION AND HEATING
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Gerner at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th November
1858.
I, HENRY GERNER, of No. 2, Garway Road, Bayswater, in the County of
Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR MANU-
FACTURING GAS FOR ILLUMINATION AND HEATING," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to generate gas both for illuminating and
heating purposes in a more economical way than has heretofore been effected.
To this end I mount by preference a vertical retort in a suitable furnace, and
fit the retort with one or more pipes for conducting thereto the material to be
converted into gas. When making illuminating gas, I use a retort fitted with
a pipe for supplying the liquid hydrocarbon to be converted into rich
carburetted hydrogen gas, and also a second pipe for supplying water
which is intended to yield pure hydrogen. These pipes each terminate in
a pierced coil, and the coils are surrounded with scrap iron or other suitable
incombustible material, which fills the retort about two-thirds full. Pressure
being put upon the fluids by the elevation of the water and hydrocarbon
tanks, a continuous supply is afforded to the retort. These fluids flowing
down their respective pipes and circulating round the coils, find an exit through
the perforations in the coils in the form of fine streams of vapor, which on
coming in contact with the red-hot scrap iron in the retort, become immediately

page_text: converted into gas. The hydrogen gas obtained by the separation of the water
into its elements is generated at the hottest part of the retort, and travelling
upwards it meets with the hydrocarbon gas, and mingling therewith takes up
and chemically combines with the excess of carbon that would otherwise be
deposited in the retort. The combined gases then pass off by a syphon pipe
into a washer or purifying vessel, where it is cooled and made fit for
burning.
When manufacturing gas for heating purposes, I dispense with the use of
the liquid hydrocarbon, and the apparatus employed in supplying it to the
retort, and obtain the gas solely by the decomposition of water into its
elements.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR COMPRESSING VEGETABLE AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1858

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Biggs at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th May 1858. .
I, JAMES BIGGS, of Norton Folgate, in the City of London, Tobacco Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR COMPRESSING VEGETABLE AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:-
The chief object of this Invention is to facilitate the operation of pressing
tobacco, and thereby to economise labor, while at the same time the natural
color of the tobacco is preserved. This I effect by the use of an hydraulic
press, fitted with a tramway to receive the mould and facilitate its being
brought under the action and withdrawn from the press. To the side
standards of the press I attach a pair of rails or ways, and turn up their ends
to prevent the mould, which I mount upon wheels, from running off the ways.
Midway between these ways stands up the hydraulic ram, and immediately
above the ram a pressing block is suspended from the cross head of the press...
This block fits the mould, and is intended, as the charged mould is raised up
by the ram, to enter the mould and compress the material contained therein.
The mould is made with taper sides and a false bottom to permit of its con-
tents being readily discharged. The rails will be about twice the length of the
mould, which is supported by them while being filled with the tobacco, or
other substance intended to be compressed. It is then run in under the

page_text: pressing block, and the pump being set in action the ram will rise and carry
up the mould, compressing the substance contained therein by bringing it into
contact with the pressing block.
For convenience I prefer to place two such presses together under one
attendant, as the filling of the mould of one press may be effected while that 5
of the other is under pressure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORDNANCE
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Simons at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th April
1858.
I, EDWARD SIMONS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN ORDNANCE," to be as follows:-
My said Invention consists of the method herein-after described of con-
structing and mounting ordnance, my said Invention being particularly
applicable to small guns. I prefer to construct two cannons joined together,
the breech end of one being joined to the breech end of the other, the open
ends of the guns pointing in diametrically opposite directions. The double
gun is supported upon a pin or axis passing through the breech ends of the
gun. The lower end of the pin or axis carries a sphere or globe, the said
sphere or globe is enclosed in a hollow sphere, the upper half of which is
furnished with a slot situated in a vertical plane, and extending half way
round the hollow sphere and on the upper half of the said sphere. The pin or
axis passes through the said slot, and the said pin or axis may thus be placed
vertically or depressed into a horizontal position on opposite sides of a vertical
line. The guns are thus capable of being placed horizontally or vertically or
in any intermediate position, and capable of being turned also upon the pin or
axis on which they are carried. The hollow sphere described is fixed on the

page_text: gun carriage and a helical spring pressing against the under side of the sphere
presses it against the upper side of the hemisphere. A screw passing up
through the helical spring may be made to fix the sphere by pressing against
its under side. Although I prefer two guns joined in the manner described,
yet any other number may be mounted according to my Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONDENSING AND GASSING SMOKE, WHICH ARE APPLICABLE ALSO TO FORCING AND DRAWING WATER, PROPELLING SHIPS, AND DRAWING AND FORCING AIR, TO BE WORKED WITH ANIMAL, WATER, STEAM, OR AIR POWER
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Bray Pascoe and John
Roberts Thomas at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 9th October 1858.
We, JAMES BRAY PASCOE and JOHN ROBERTS THOMAS, of Chacewater, in
the County of Cornwall, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CONDENSING AND GASSING SMOKE, WHICH ARE APPLICABLE ALSO TO
FORCING AND DRAWING WATER, PROPELLING SHIPS, AND DRAWING AND FORCING AIR,
TO BE WORKED WITH ANIMAL, WATER, STEAM, OR AIR POWER," to be as follows:-
These improvements in condensing and gassing smoke, applicable also to
propelling ships, &c., consists in drawing the air and smoke from any given
distance to any given point, passing it through the machine, turning it into
gas or into water; if into water, we intend to use it as manure.
In propelling ships, we take the water from the bows of the vessel, pass it
through the machine, and discharge it at the stern in as large a column as may
be required for any purpose, which column will act as a fulcrum by which we
can gain speed.
To further exemplify the nature of the said Invention, and to illustrate a
means of carrying the same into effect, we have hereto annexed Drawings,
in which 1 denotes a double-acting drawing and forcing piston, with one inlet
and one outlet passage, with from to four valves, to be applied at either
or at each end, at either or at each side, or above or below the piston, and to
be worked with animal, air, water, or steam power, this will give a draft as
strong as may be required; 2, valves; 3, inlet passage for smoke, air, or water,

page_text: as the case may be; 4, outlet passage for smoke, air, or water, as the case
may be; 5, cistern containing water, into which smoke is forced and condensed;
6, an apparatus for turning smoke into gas by burning the smoke from the
outlet passage from one to seven times over, and by being connected with the
outlet passage; 7, fires of any number, one only to be seen in the Drawing;
8, fly to be connected with the inlet and outlet passages; 9, flanches for
connections or disconnections; 10, safety valve. Disengage
Disengage Nos. 3 and 5,
and connect No. 3 with water, and work the piston, and water is discharged
in any given quantity through No. 4 passage.
A NEW MODE OR METHOD OF SECURING AND LIBERATING THE CORKS AND STOPPERS OF BOTTLES
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Williams and William
Ellison at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 7th December 1858.
We, CHARLES WILLIAMS, and WILLIAM ELLISON, of No. 17, Acton Place,
Kingsland Road, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "A NEW MODE OR METHOD OF SECURING AND LIBERATING
THE CORKS AND STOPPERS OF BOTTLES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists of passing a pin through the neck of the bottle and
also through the cork or stopper; the bottle to be composed of glass, earthen-
ware, or any other material with holes through the neck thereof; the pin to
be composed of metal, wood, or other substance, and to pass through the said
holes and also through the cork or stopper.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUSES FOR COUPLING AND UNCOUPLING WAGONS AND CARRIAGES ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Stocks and Charles Kaye
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 22nd April 1858.
We, JAMES STOCKS, of Berry Brow, in the County of York, Platelayer,
and CHARLES KAYE, of Lockwood, in the same County, Wagon Builder, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUSES FOR COUPLING AND UNCOUPLING WAGONS AND CARRIAGES ON RAILWAYS,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in the employment and construction of a jointed
link, made to fall and engage in the draw hook of the wagon or carriage to be
coupled, and made to rise to free itself from the draw hook by means of a
transverse cranked bar or shaft extending across the wagon or carriage, and
terminating at each end in a handle or weight. The hook is held up to be
out of the way in loading, &c., by means of weighted or spring catches. The
back part of the link is connected to the crank of the transverse bar by a
stirrup, and the bearings in which the transverse bar is supported are slotted
or lengthened out to allow play in the bar. We fit springs at the joints of the
link to prevent the upper part thereof from falling back. The action is as
follows: Supposing the jointed link to be held raised up by the catches, now,
in order to couple on to the draw hook of a wagon or carriage, release the
catches by means of a rod communicating with them and extending across the

page_text: wagon, then turn over the cranked transverse bar, and engage the link in
the draw hook, then either continue to turn the bar until the stirrup presses
down the back part of the link immediately behind the joints, or permit the
weight of the back part of the link to cause it to fall or bear down at the joint.
A secure coupling will thus have been effected from the outside of the wagon
without the necessity of an attendant going between the rails to perform the
coupling. The uncoupling is effected also from the outside of the wagon by
turning up the transverse bar in a contrary direction until the link and bar
become held up by the catches.
IMPROVEMENTS IN JACQUARD MACHINES EMPLOYED IN WEAVING
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Sharp and Henry Sharp
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 18th November 1858.
We, JOHN SHARP and HENRY SHARP, of Bradford, in the County of York,
Jacquard Machine Makers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN JACQUARD MACHINES EMPLOYED IN WEAVING," to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to working the cylinder or producing the oscillating
motion thereof required in jacquard machines; and our improvements consist
in causing the said cylinder to beat up the cards thereon to act upon the
needles at such time only as they are free to move, or when the "grifes "
or lifters have not hold of the hooks. Heretofore, the beat up of the cylinder
and consequently the action of the cards upon the needles has been at a time
when the hooks of the vertical wires had hold of the "grifes" or bars of the
lifting frame, consequently some amount of force was required to push off*
those hooked wires which were not intended to be lifted, as indicated by the
cards, whereby the said wires spring or bend in removing, and the cards are
injured by the great pressure the cards exert ou the wires to remove them.
We produce or effect these improvements by means of an arm (or arms)
having a recess or cavity formed in one end, and suspended by the other to 'the
frame of the jacquard machine, capable of oscillating thereon, and connected
at the recessed end by a rod to the cylinder frame. In the recess is a
"tumbler" or catch, hinged so as to tumble or fall by its own gravity towards

page_text: one side of the recess, (yet capable of being removed to the other side,) leaving
a space on the other side in which the end of a pin or stud, which is fixed in
the lifting frame and projecting through a slot in the main frame of the
jacquard machine, may move or slide up and down alternately on each side
of the tumbler, whereby oscillating motion is communicated to the cylinder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF FABRICS KNOWN AS FANCY MOREENS
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Foster at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th August
1858.
I, WILLIAM FOSTER, of Black Dike Mills, near Bradford, in the County of
York, Spinner and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF FABRICS
KNOWN AS FANCY MOREENS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the production of a new description of the fabrics
known as fancy moreens, and consists in the combining with the worsted
whilst spinning a small portion of cotton or alpaca. The fabric may be then
woven in the usual way, and dyed in the piece, after which, it will be found
that the cotton or alpaca not taking the same color as the worsted, the fabric
will present a peculiar mottled or spotted appearance of a very ornamental.
nature. The fabric may, of course, bear any pattern or design in addition to
the effect given by this Invention; or one portion of the fabric may be of the
ordinary kind, whilst the other may be of the peculiarly mottled or spotted
nature above described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTRIDGES
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Thomas Eley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th March.
1858.
I, WILLIAM THOMAS ELEY, of Broad Street, Golden Square, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTRIDGES," to
be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in cartridges. For these
purposes a cartridge is formed of any suitable material in the following
manner: A case, by preference in the form of a thimble, having a small
opening or openings at its lower end, is formed, into which the charge of
powder is placed, and into the upper end of this case the end of another case
containing the charge of shot is placed; and to facilitate the fixing of the
case containing the shot to the interior of the case containing the powder,
the end of such case is coated with gum, which being wetted before intro-
ducing the end of the case, causes the two cases to adhere; or when an oblong
ball is used the end of the ball is introduced and fixed to the case containing
the powder. When using shot, a wad is fixed externally to the upper end of
the cartridge suitable to fit the barrel tightly, the other parts of the cartridge
being of somewhat less diameter, in order to pass more freely down the
barrel. The cartridge thus formed is introduced into an outer case, the hole
or holes through the lower end of the case containing the powder being for

page_text: the time covered by a piece of paper or otherwise, which when inserted in
the outer case is made to adhere thereto. The outer case is formed so as to
enclose the cartridge, yet in such manner that a piece of tape, string, or other
substance introduced and fixed on the interior of the outer case may readily
be made to divide the outer case from end to end, when it is wished to
remove it from the inner case or cases containing the charge.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR TILLING AND PREPARING LAND FOR CULTIVATION
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Earl of Dundonald at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
September 1858.
I, THOMAS Earl of DUNDONALD, Admiral of the Red, of 12, Queen's Gate,
South Kensington, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR TILLING
AND PREPARING LAND FOR CULTIVATION," to be as follows:-
The improved machine or apparatus consists of an arrangement of parts
by which the subsoil is more effectually brought to the surface, and intimately
mixed with the surface soil by the application of less power than heretofore
employed for effecting the tillage of land by means of the tilling instruments
in ordinary use; and this I effect by causing a series of spades, prongs,
cutters, or other penetrating instruments to revolve on an axis, which is driven
by wheels and pinions, endless bands, or other convenient and suitable means
from the supporting or carrying wheels of the machine or their axis, the
contact of the periphery of the wheels with the ground producing the the move-
ment of the cutter frame. The mechanical movement which actuates the
cutter frame is so proportioned as to give a relatively increased velocity to
the spades or tilling instruments, which velocity I prefer to be about double
that of the periphery of the supporting or carrying wheels, which (providing
there be no slipping) will correctly represent the advance of the machine
along the surface of the ground. By these means I cause the tilling instru-
ments to move the ground at a greater velocity than that at which the machine

page_text: advances, and at a favorable angle for penetrating the soil, thereby effecting
the removal of the earth with greater ease in an opposite direction to the
motion of the machine, and with a less expenditure of power, than is required
for dragging the ordinary ploughs or tilling instruments which operate in
direct opposition to the actuating power.
A reference to the accompanying Diagram will more fully explain the con-
struction of the machine. a is the carrying wheels on an axis 6 (drawn by
animal or mechanical power in the direction of the arrow); c is a series of
revolving cutters or tilling instruments on an axis d; e is a wheel working
into a pinion so as to give an increased speed to the cutters.
A CIRCULAR AND SELF-ACTING CARTRIDGE POUCH
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Redford at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st October
1858.
I, GEORGE REDFORD, of Moseley, in the County of Worcester, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A CIRCULAR AND SELF-ACTING
CARTRIDGE POUCH," to be as follows:-
The pouches are made in a true circular form with rounded ends and sides
so as to fit the body, they are made self-acting by placing a spring inside as
seen in the sectional Drawing, or they may be used for carrying the cartridges
loose, as shown in the Drawing coloured black. The material of which they
are composed is either leather or papier maché japanned or covered with
leather, or when great strength is required a combination of strong linen or
cotton cloth or canvas with paper; or thin metal, as brass or iron. The
spring is either the common wire spring or a flat zig-zag one, seen in the
sectional Drawing.
The openings may be at the end or in the middle, in the latter case it is
necessary to have a slight partition in the centre against which the cartridges
are pressed up. The opening is covered either by a flap of leather having an
elastic pad or stopper to fit the opening so as to exclude the wet, or they may
be made of thin metal or any other stiff material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS
Year: 1858

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Diedrich Jencken at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
August 1858. Partly a communication.
I, HENRY DIEDRICH JENCKEN, of the City of London, Merchant, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC
TELEGRAPHS," (partly a communication from a foreigner residing abroad,) to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment of the earth itself as a conductor
of galvanic, magnetic, electro-magnetic, and electric fluids of all kinds without
any conducting wire or wires; in the employment of substances in a dry or
wet state under ground for the purpose of producing an electric current at the
transmitting and receiving points or stations; in insulating and preventing
by non-conducting substances any lateral action from interfering with the
direct communications from point to point; in changing the characters of the
electric fluids, whereby I am enabled to prevent the interfering action electric
currents would be liable to in their course from one point to another.
By way of exemplifying one manner in which this Invention may be carried
into effect, I give the following example:-At a point or station from whence
communications are to be made, I bury my substances, say, for instance, coal
and zinc in pieces, held together by wire in the ground; I unite the wire to a
conductor leading to a signalling apparatus, and I carry a wire from the zinc

page_text: to an electro-magnet; I do the same at another point or station. By closing
at one station' the connecting link of the signalling apparatus, I obtain the
deflection of the needle of galvanometer and other effects usually produced at
the other station, and obtain the electric signal. It will be noticed that in the
example just given, neither zinc nor coal is submitted to the action of acids.
For some purposes I change the position of my substances, either placing the
negatives above ground, and positives under ground, or vice versa, or both
above ground. Galvanic, magnetic, electro-magnetic, electric, or any other
batteries may be used either by passing the conducting wire under ground or
leaving it above, or placing the batteries under ground, or vice versa. In
order to prevent lateral action from other batteries, I make use of insulators,
leaving the direction open only towards those points to which the current is to
be directed. In order to prevent the lateral action of other electric fluids
from disturbing the course of any current being transmitted from one point to
another, I change the material used in producing galvanic, magnetic, electro-
magnetic, or electric currents.