IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES AND PUMPS FOR HYDRAULIC PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Howard Stott, of Rochdale, in the County of
Lancaster, and Charles Thorpe, of the City of Manchester, in the said County,
Engineers and Machinists, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES
AND PUMPS FOR HYDRAULIC PURPOSES.”
Sealed the 18th May 1880, and dated the 22nd November 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Howard Stott and
Charles Thorpe at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd
November 1879.
JOHN HOWARD STOTT, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, and CHARLES
THORPE, of the City of Manchester, in the said County, Engineers and Machinists.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES AND PUMPS FOR HYDRAULIC PURPOSES."
Firstly. Our Invention relates to the combination of engine and pumps which
may be arranged with the axis of the cylinder either in a vertical or horizontal
position, but by preference in the latter position, and our Invention consists in
arranging the cylinder so that the piston rod will work through both ends of the
cylinder.
The outer ends of the piston rods are or may be attached to a cross head working
in suitable guides, and to each cross head the pump rods, rams, or piston rods are
attached, the axes of which are arranged in a line with the axis of the piston rod
of the engine, thus forming a continuation thereof.
To one of the cross heads two connecting rods are attached, one on each side of
the piston rod of the engine, and these connecting rods are also attached at their
other ends to a crank in discs on the ends of the crank shaft, which has a fly
wheel at one end and the excentric for working the steam valves of the engine at
the other end.
By means of the arrangements to be hereinafter described, the engine may be
kept at work if desired driving machinery both when the pumps are forcing and
when they are not forcing.
Our Invention consists in arranging the pumps with their axes all in a line
with the axis of the steam cylinder, as before stated, the cylinder or pump barrel of
one pump being screwed into or onto the barrel or barrels of the other pumps, and
hydraulic packing rings are introduced to form the gland packings between the
pumps.

page_text: Our Invention also consists in making the pumps double acting by employing a
piston instead of a ram, and in combining such piston or double acting pumps with
ram pumps also worked by continuations from the piston rods of the engine.
Our improved hydraulic engine and pumps are intended more particularly for
working presses for baling purposes where the pressure on the ram of the press is
small to begin with and increases rapidly as the bale is more and more compressed,
and our Invention also consists in automatic arrangements by which all the pumps
may operate at first, and then those of less capacity, and lastly, those of the least
capacity, so that the work upon or resistance against the engine will be nearly the
same at the end as at the beginning of the action of the baling press, and thus the
full power and speed of the engine will be utilised; this object is accomplished by
levers or rods which are made to act to keep open the inlet valves of the pumps
or prevent them from shutting when they are not to force the liquid, and this
part of our improvements consists in arrangements for acting upon the inlet valves
of the pumps automatically when the pressure acting upon the ram of the baling
press has attained the pressures which may be fixed upon so as to bring such
pumps in or out of action as desired.
These pressures are measured by weighted levers acting upon cone and piston
valves, which at given pressures move and lift the weight lever or levers acting
upon them, which movement is made to act upon the inlet valves through rods
and levers.
Any suitable pressure measuring apparatus may be employed, and the and the
weighted levers or a cam shaped surface attached to them or moved by the
pressure measuring apparatus is or may be arranged to act upon the connections
of the inlet valves of the pumps.
One arrangement consists of a piston made by a rack upon it or other means to
gear with a wheel on the axis of a weighted arm, so that the leverage of the
weight will increase as the arm is lifted, and on the axis for the arm there is a cam
surface or surfaces which will act upon the mechanism in connection with the
inlet valves of the pumps. A spring or springs may be used instead of the weight,
and a differential piston may be used instead of a simple piston.
The mechanism is made to act upon the inlet valves through a tumbler or weight
lever, which when brought into action will lift the inlet valves or keep them open
the first time after the pressure is removed during the inlet stroke of the pump, or
this movement may be transmitted through a spring instead of a tumbler or
weighted lever. The part acting upon the pin from the inlet valve of the pump
may be a lever or rod, but we prefer to employ a sliding rod or a lever with an
incline or cam face that will slide or move under the valve and keep it open during
the suction stroke of the pump when acted upon by the automatic arrangements.
Instead of employing a pressure measurer a connection is or may be made
according to our Invention between the moving table of the press and a pulley on a
shaft, this shaft having cams or tappets upon it for acting upon the inlet valves of
the pumps as desired when the table has ascended to heights fixed upon, and this
arrangement is or may be made to lift the inlet valves of all the pumps and thus
put them out of action when the ram of the press has attained the required height,
and at the same time shut off all or part of the steam supplied to the engine, the
speed of which is further regulated by any ordinary steam engine governor. Our
Invention also consists in arranging so that the steam to the engine is wholly or
partly shut off as desired by the action of pressure measuring apparatus in con-
nection with the outlet pipe from the pumps, the fall of pressure below a point
fixed upon moving the pressure measuring apparatus to release a catch that allows
a weight lever or spring to shut the steam valve of the engine, this lever being
moved and held back for a moment when the engine is to start working or begin
working at full power.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Howard Stott and Charles Thorpe in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 20th May 1880.
JOHN HOWARD STOTT, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, and CHARLES
THORPE, of the City of Manchester, in the said County, Engineers and Machinists.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES AND PUMPS FOR HYDRAULIC PURPOSES."
Firstly. Our Invention relates to the combination of engine and pumps which
may be arranged with the axis of the cylinder either in a vertical or horizontal
position, but by preference in the latter position, and our Invention consists in
arranging the cylinder so that the piston rod will work through both ends of the
cylinder. The outer ends of the piston rods are or may be attached to a cross-head
working in suitable guides, and to each cross-head the pump rods, rams, or piston
rods are attached, the axes of which are arranged in a line with the axis of the
piston rod of the engine, thus forming a continuation thereof. To one of the cross-
heads two connecting rods are attached, one on each side of the piston rod of the
engine, and these connecting rods are also attached at their other ends to a crank
in discs on the ends of the crank shaft, which has a fly wheel at one end and the
excentric for working the steam valves of the engine at the other end.
One feature of our Invention consists in arranging the pumps with their axes
all in a line with the axis of the steam cylinder, as before stated, the cylinder or
pump barrel of one pump being screwed into or onto the barrel or barrels of the
other pumps, and hydraulic packing rings are introduced to form the gland packings
between the pumps. Our Invention also consists in making the pumps double
acting by employing a piston instead of a ram, and in combining such piston or
double acting pumps with ram pumps also worked by continuations from the piston
rods of the engine.
Our improved hydraulic engine and pumps are intended more particularly for
working presses for baling purposes where the pressure on the ram of the press is
small to begin with and increases rapidly as the bale is more and more compressed,
and our Invention also consists in automatic arrangements by which all the pumps
may operate at first, and then those of less capacity, and lastly those of the least
capacity, so that the work upon or resistance against the engine will be nearly the
same at the end as at the beginning of the action of the baling press, and thus the
full power and speed of the engine will be utilised; this object is accomplished by
levers or rods which are made to act to keep open the inlet valves of the pumps or
prevent them from shutting when the pumps are not to force the liquid, and this
part of our improvements consists in arrangements for acting upon the inlet valves
of the pumps automatically when the pressure acting upon the ram of the baling
press has attained the pressures which may be fixed upon so as to bring such pumps
in or out of action as desired.
These pressures are measured by weighted levers acting upon cone and piston
valves, which at given pressures move and lift the weight lever or levers acting
upon them, which movement is made to act upon the inlet valves through rods
and levers.
Any suitable pressure measuring apparatus may be employed, and the weighted
levers or a cam shaped surface attached to them or moved by the pressure measuring
apparatus is or may be arranged to act upon the connections of the inlet valves of
the pumps.
One arrangement consists of a piston made by a rack upon it or other means to
gear with a wheel on the axis of a weighted arm, so that the leverage of the weight
will increase as the arm is lifted; or the lever is or may be arranged to take up a
succession of weights as it rises, and on the axis for the arm there is a cam surface
or surfaces which will act upon the mechanism in connection with the inlet valves

page_text: of the pumps. A spring or springs may, be used instead of the weight, and a
differential piston may be used instead of a simple piston or ram.
or
The mechanism is made to act upon the inlet valves through a "tumbler
weight lever, which when brought into action will lift the inlet valves or keep them
open the first time after the pressure is removed during the inlet stroke of the pump,
or this movement may be transmitted through a spring instead of a tumbler or
weight lever.
The part acting upon the pin from the inlet valve of the pump may be a lever or
rod, but instead of a rod we may employ a sliding rod or a lever with an incline or
cam face that will slide or move under the valve and keep it open during the suction
stroke of the pump when acted upon by the automatic arrangements.
Instead of employing a pressure measurer a connection is or may be made
according to our Invention between the moving table of the press and a pulley on
a shaft, this shaft having cams or tappets upon it for acting upon the inlet valves
of the pumps as desired when the table has ascended to heights fixed upon, and
this arrangement is or may be made to lift the inlet valves of all the pumps and
thus put them out of action when the ram of the press has attained the required
height, and at the same time shut off all or part of the steam supplied to the engine,
the speed of which is further regulated by any ordinary steam engine governor.
Our Invention also consists in arranging so that the steam to the engine is wholly
or partly shut off, as desired, by the action of pressure measuring apparatus in
connection with the outlet pipe from the pumps, the fall of pressure below a point
fixed upon moving the pressure measuring apparatus to release a catch that allows
a weight lever or spring to shut the steam valve of the engine, this lever being
moved and held back for a moment when the engine is to start working or begin
working at full power.
Or the pressure measuring apparatus is or may be connected with a throttle
valve to shut the valve to a given extent when the pressure sinks to the point fixed
upon, and open the valve to the fullest extent when the pressure rises above the
desired limit.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation, and Fig. 2 is a plan illustrating our improved com-
bination of engine and pumps.
Fig. 3 is a plan of one set of pumps and part of the bed plate, and Fig. 4 is a
sectional elevation, and Fig. 5 is an end elevation of the same.
Fig. 6 is an elevation illustrating one of our modes of governing the action of
the pumps.
a is the bed of the engine; a', the bed plate; b, the steam cylinder
of the engine; c, the piston rods from each end of the cylinder, each connected with
a cross head c¹, which has slides working in guides; d, connecting rods between one
cross head and the crank of the engine, which is formed in discs secured on the
crank shaft e, upon which is the fly wheel e¹ and the excentric ³ for actuating the
steam valve spindle f by the rod e³.
In the illustrations given the pumps are all arranged in the same axial line with
the piston rods c, and the pump barrels are carried in a casting a secured to the
bed plate a, and to give additional strength the castings (a2) for the pump barrels
are connected with the cylinder (b) by tie rods a³, shown in Fig. 1, but omitted in
Fig. 2.
Each casting a is bored out to receive a pump barrel g, which is secured by a
nut gl, as shown.
The barrel g³ for the small pump screws into the barrel g of the larger pump.
Between the pumps there are hydraulic packing rings g³ arranged as shown.
There is one passage to and from each pump, which passage branches into two,
one going to the upper or inlet side of the ia et valves h, the other to the under
or outlet side of the outlet valves h¹. Both inlet valves are connected with the
supply cistern by a pipe h2, and both outlet valves are connected by a pipe h³.
Fig. 6 shows two pressure measuring arrangements, each formed by a small ram
or valve i and 2, the end of which is coned to fit a seating connected with a pipe j,
forming a junction with the outlet pipes from the pumps.

page_text: The ram (i and ¹) in each case passes through a gland formed by an hydraulic
packing ring, and is pressed down against its seating by a weighted lever 2³
and 2×
that
One lever is connected by a link with a lever on a fulcrum at 5, supported
in any convenient manner, which lever i has a jointed rod i, weights
can slide up the rod, which is forked at its lower end to pass freely on each side
of the lever 2x for the other pressure measurer, being also guided by pins in the
latter lever.
The weights on the lever i act to lift the lever 22; but the weight on
this lever preponderates, so that up to a given pressure the ram valve ¹ is kept
closed.
When both pressure measuring valves i and i¹ are shut both pumps are pumping
or forcing; but when the pressure arrives at an amount fixed upon, the valve i,
in connection with the inlet valve of the small pump, lifts, and the liquid then
acts to lift the lever; this movement is conveyed by a rod 28 jointed to the
lever to a bell crank lever 19 on a stud, so that one arm acts upon an adjustable
pin in the sector of a tumbler weight lever 210 loose on the same stud, which lever
has an arm connected by a rod j (that has nuts and lock nuts upon it to adjust
its length) with a lever j¹ having its fulcrum on a bracket on the bed plate.
To this lever a rod is jointed that passes through a gland so as to come under
and against the inlet valve h for the small pump, and by this means the movement
of the tumbler weight lever i will keep the inlet valve open, and stop the forcing
action of the pump, consequently the small pump is stopped, and the large pump is
allowed to do all the forcing until the pressure attains the next higher point fixed
upon, when it lifts the valve or ram i¹, and then acts on a larger area of the ram,
and this lifts the lever and causes one end of the lever i to be depressed and to
lower its weights upon the end of the lever *, which is thus forced down and
the pressure measuring valve i is closed.
The result of this movement is that the tumbler weight levers 2¹0 are reversed,
and the inlet valve h for the large pump is put out of action, and that for the small
pump is allowed to act.
When the pressure attains another higher point both valves or rams i and i
and their levers will have lifted, so that both pumps are thrown out of action
if desired.
We have spoken in the above explanation only of two pumps being acted upon
by the arrangement, but it is obvious that connecting rods and levers are only
required to cause the pressure measuring apparatus to act simultaneously on the
inlet valves for both sets of pumps.
The Drawings only illustrate our Invention with two pumps in a line, but it is
obvious that three or more may be connected and worked in the same axial line
with the piston rods in like manner.
We have not thought it necessary to illustrate our Invention when the pumps
are to be double acting, as in this case pistons with hydraulic packing are secured
on the pump rod, and there are inlet and outlet valves for each end of the pump
barrel, and the smaller pump barrels are screwed into the ends of the larger barrels,
as illustrated in reference to the ram pumps, and packing rings are used in like
manner between the barrels of the pumps.
When more than two pumps are worked together we prefer to bring them out
of action and into action, as hereinbefore mentioned, by pressure measuring
apparatus formned by a ram or piston which is forced more and more in one
direction as the pressure increases, the pressure being resisted by a spring or a
weight lever, the leverage of which increases as the weight lifts; or the lever is
arranged to take additional weights in succession. The end of the moving or
rising piston or ram in this case is toothed to gear with a wheel on a shaft, upon
which there is a cam or cams to act upon the levers and mechanism which is to
operate upon the inlet valves. Or the ram or piston as it moves by the increase
of pressure slides a rod arranged under the inlet valves, which sliding rod has cam

page_text: projections upon it which come under and hold up the valve or valves, and thus
prevent it or them from working, and when this sliding rod is moved further by
the increase of pressure the projection from the rod is brought from under the
valve or valves which had been first put out of action, and other projections or
cam surfaces on the rod act upon the other inlet valves to put them out of action
in the order desired.
The movement is transmitted to the sliding rod through a spring which will
give way when movement is imparted to the sliding rod should the pressure
happen to be upon one of the valves when the rod is moved; but when the
pressure is removed the spring will move the sliding rod forward and lift the
valve.
Our Invention for shutting off the steam to the engine wholly, or so as only to
keep it moving slowly when the pressure in the outlet pipe leading from the pump
sinks to a given small pressure, is carried out by arranging near the pumps a
pressure measuring apparatus (which may be similar to one of those illustrated in
Fig. 6) in connection with the outlet pipe conveying the fluid under pressure from
the pumps, and in connecting the lever of the valve or ram of this pressure
measuring apparatus with a throttle valve for the steam engine, which may be
that acted upon by the ordinary governor or a separate throttle valve, so that
when the pressure rises and lifts the pressure measuring valve to a limited extent
the throttle valve for the steam engine will be fully opened by the movement, and
when the pressure sinks (as it will do when the fluid from the pumps passes along
the pipes and back to the cistern without being used or doing work) the weight on
the lever will force down the pressure measuring valve or ram to its seating or to
a stop and close the steam throttle valve to the desired extent.
We have now particularly described the nature of our Invention, and the mode
of carrying the same into effect, and claim as our Invention,-
Firstly. The combination and arrangement of steam engine with pumps having
the barrels placed end to end and in the same axial line with the piston rod;
also the working of pumps so arranged at each end of the steam cylinder, sub-
stantially as bereinbefore described and illustrated by the Drawings.
Secondly. The several combinations of pressure measuring apparatus and
mechanism for acting upon the inlet valves of the pumps to put them out and
into action, substantially as hereinbefore described and as illustrated by the
Drawings.
Thirdly. The arrangements for putting the inlet valves of pumps out and into
action by mechanism actuated by the rise of the ram of the press supplied by the
pumps, substantially as hereinbefore described.
Fourthly. The shutting off of the steam to the engine wholly or partly by
pressure measuring apparatus in connection with the outlet pipe from the pumps
combined with a throttle valve, substantially as herein before described.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Howard Stott and Charles Thorpe,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Eighteenth day of May, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty.
JNO. H. STOTT.
CHAS. THORPE. (L.S.)
(L.S.)