Improvements in and Fittings relating to Casement or other Doors and Windows.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Sept., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 18th June, 1890-Accepted, 19th July, 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and Fittings relating to Casement or other Doors
and Windows.
I, JOHN SIM of 160 High Street, Montrose, Forfarshire, Architect and Surveyor,
do hereby declare the nature of my invention, to be as follows:-
This Invention has reference to and comprises new or improved modes of, and
fittings connected with, the mounting of hinged casement or other doors and windows
in their frames. for the purpose of being closed down and making them water-tight
and draught tight on their sills and stops; and also for allowing of the free action of
the casement doors, and windows on new or improved constructions of hinges, and
for allowing the outside of the windows being cleaned inside the apartments.
The nature and novelty of the improvements consist all as follows:-First,as regards
the mounting of the casements of doors and windows on their hinges, these would be
mounted on the swivel pin of their hinges, so as to lift from a half inch to an inch or
more or less as desired from their sills to clear these in being swivelled inward from
their fixed frames. By one improvement the one part of each hinge would be screwed
as usual to the fixed frame of the door or sash while the other which is screwed to
the door would be supported or held up by a spiral or helical spring fitted on the
spindle of the hinge within a recess between the swivelling eyes of these parts of the
hinge, and a gap or gaps would be formed between the respective swivelling eyes
below the spring, or it might be above it, sufficient to allow the door or sash hinge to
be pressed down on its spindle against the power of the spring as will hereinafter be
explained to close the door or sash tight on its sill. When two or more hinges are
secured on the doors or sashes, the united strength of the springs would require to
more than support the door or sash clear of its sill, so as to be able to be swung open
over this or the floor, and be pressed down when it was desired to close the doors or
sashes wind and water-tight on the sills. In some cases the swivelling spindles of
these hinges would be made portable so that they could be lifted out and so remove
the door from the fixed part of the hinge. In this way the door would be held up on
its hinges so as to be swivelled close or open by band and remain in any open position
where it was turned to.
By a further improvement the locks or latches, whether made in the mortise form
with striking plates, or of the rim form with boss-heads, would have their latch bolts
mounted with a spiral or other spring to shift out as usual with bevelled faces,
and sneck or fix the door or window when pushed close up against the door stop, and
made so that the handle and spindle would open the sneck and door also. as usual;
but have another lever either fitted in the lock or on the door, (or it might be on the
fixed frame) which would pull down the door by acting on a pin or equivalent pro-
jection either on the outside of the facing, or it might be within the striking plate or
bosshead, so as to press down the door on its sill when so closed and snecked by
turning the handle and spindle of the door in the opposite direction to that in which it
was opened, or by a separate hand lever when the lever was mounted on a separate
spindle from the lock on the door, or on the fixed frame; all against the power of
the springs on the hinges, until the bolt entered a lower recess in the striking plate
or bosshead by the power of its spiral or other spring acting on it, which would thus
lock the door down on its sill, until relieved by the handle and lever of the door lock
pulling out the bolt, which would then allow the door to rise off the sill on its spring
hinges and be opened as herein before explained.
Although spiral springs have been described as fitted on the hinges for keeping up
the weight of the casement frames of windows or doors, yet other springs might be
used, such as a blade spring or augled plate with spiral springs under it, sunk under

page_text: the sill and floor near the hinged part, or fixed to any other portion of the hinging
stile or the frame and which would be more suitable for doors than for window case-
ments. And when a separate lever is used on the doors for pressing down the door
over its sill against the power of its springs, the lever or its spindle might have a
coiled spiral or other spring mounted on it, to bring it back to its normal position
after pressing down the door. To some cases the latch bolt of the lock might be
constructed with a vertical inclined plane on the point, or as a lever fulcrumed on its
back end, and so connected to the spindle of the latch by a lever that when turned in
the backward direction it would force the latch forward on an inclined plane or an
antifriction roller in the striking plate or bosshead, and so press down the door, or
push the front end of the bolt upwards and forwards by a cam lever on the hand
spindle until it entered the lower step in the striking plate or bosshead, and so lock
the door down on its sill, until the handle was turned in the opposite direction to
draw the bolt out of this lower step, when the door would rise on its springs and be
ready for swinging open over and clear of the sill and floor.
Dated the 17th September 1889
W. R. M. THOMSON & Co.,
Agents.
CUMPLEIE
SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and Fittings relating to Casement or other Doors
and Windows.
I, JOHN SIM, of 160 High Street, Montrose, Forfarshire, Architect and Surveyor,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, and the accompanying sheet of Drawings:-
This invention has reference to and comprises new or improved modes of, and
fittings connected with, the mounting of hinged casement or other doors and windows
in their frames, for the purpose of being closed down aud making them wind-tight
and watertight on their sills and stops; and also for allowing of the free action of
the casement doors and windows on new or improved constructions of hinges, and
for allowing the outside of the windows being cleaned or repaired inside the
apartments.
And in order that the said invention and the manner of performing or carrying
the same into effect or use may be properly understood, I have appended here-
unto an explanatory sheet of Drawings, in which the same letters of reference are
used to indicate corresponding parts in the figures where shewn.
Figure 1 is a plan of a window; it is broken at the figures 2-2 to save space in
the Drawing. It shews the posts A', A³, styles B'. B', and the stops C, in section;
and the sill of the frame A', and the bottom rail, or sill of the sash, B' in
elevation.
Figures 2 & 3 are transverse edge sections of the window, broken at 1-1 to
save height; they shew the sill and lintel of the frame A, A, the top and bottom
rail of window sash B, B, the draught plates D, D', and the stop at lintel C
in section; and the hanging style of the window B₁, the post stops C, and a
side view of the hinges and their springs a. b. c. &c. in elevation.
Figure 4 is an olevation of the window its frame and hinges, broken at 1-i
and 2-2 in order to save height and breath; the back or knuckles of the hinges
being shewn.
Figure 5 is an elevation of the hinge open and an end view of the knuckles or
the back of the hinge as it would appear when the window or door is closed; and
also a section through the open hinge.
Figure 6 illustrates the same elevations as Figure 5, but does not shew a section.
Figure 7 is an elevation and sections of the special striking plate for holding the
bolt of the lock or latch.

page_text: Referring to Figures 1 to the nature and novelty of the improvements consists
all as follows:-
First as regards the mounting of casement doors and windows on their hinges;
these would be mounted on the swivel pin of their hinges, so as to lift from one
half of an inch to one inch, or more or less as desired, from their frame sills, to
clear these in being swivelled inward from their fixed frames. By one improve-
ment the one part of each hinge c. Figs. 5, & 6. would be fixed by screws as
usual to the hanging style B₁ of the door or the sash, while the other, Figures 5
& 6 would be similarly fixed to the frame post A'; the upper swivelling eye, or
knuckle, b, being supported by a spiral or helical spring fitted on the hinge spindle
on pin, c, in a recess between the knuckles, or eyes, b and a'. The space between
the knuckles b and a would be made sufficient to allow the door or sash side of
the hinge, e, to be pressed down on its spindle c against the power of the spiral or
helical spring, as will be hereinafter explained, so as to close the door or sash
sill B tight on the frame sill A2. When two, or more, hinges are used in hanging
the door or sash the united strength of the springs would be made more than
necessary to support the door or sash so as to carry it high enough to clear its
frame sill A, or the floor, in order to permit of the door or sash being swivelled
inward or opened. Figure 3 shews the sash carried on the swivelling knuckles b
&b, the knuckle being supported by the spring resting on the the knuckle a', the
door or sash being ready to be swivelled inwards, or pressed down close on Aº in order
to make wind and watertight. Figure 2 is a section through the door or sash shewing
the sash prossed down close on its frame sill A' and so as to be wind and watertight.
Figure 4 is an elevation of the frame and sash shewing the door or sash pressed down
and water and draught-tight. Figure 5 shews the hinge as it would appear when
the spring is carrying the weight of the door or sash. Figure 6 shews the hinge as it
would appear when the door or sash is pressed down on its frame sill so as to make
watertight and draught-tight. The pin of the hinge, c, would be made removable so
that the spring could be taken out or replaced or the door or sash removed from its
place without nuscrewing either the side d or e.
In this way the door or sash would be carried on the spring so that it could be
pressed down on its frame sill to make water tight and draught-tight; or when not
so pressed down it could be swivelled inward, or opened, and shut, by hand. When
opened it would remain in the position where it was turned to, and when shut the
latch or lock bolt would keep it shut and hard pressed against its stops..
By a further improvement the locks or latches, whether mortise with striking plates,
or rim with bossbeads would have the striking plate or the bosshead with recesses in
two depths, the upper one to receive the bolt when the door or sash is shut as in
Figare 3, and the lower one to receive the bolt when the door or sash is pressed
down close on its frame sill as in Figure 2, the top of the lower recess being adjustable
so as to ensure the bolt holding the door or sash close down on its frame sill. The
striking plate for a mortise latch or lock is shewn by Figure 7; f, f, f, forms the
striking plate which is screwed to the door in the usual manner; g is the back plate,
and it can be moved upward or downward and fixed in the exact position desired, by
a pinching screw. When the door or sash is shut as in Figure 3, the bolt would
rest on the face of the back plate g; when depressed as in Figure 2 the bolt would
shoot into the lower recess i the top of the bolt resting on & being kept down by h the
bottom of the back plate g.
The pressing down of the door or sash would be effected by resting the hand or
hands on the bottom rail or sill B³, or by sash handles which could be fixed on B or
other suitable part of the frame of the door or sash. This could also be effected by
the handle of the lock or latch, and by a crank or lever within the lock or latch; by
turning the handle down the crank or lever would press against the underside of the
upper recess in the striking plate or the bosshead and thus press down the door or
sash, till the latch bolt shot into the lower recess when the handle would be released
and return to a position, by means of a spring, ready to push back the bolt and allow
the door or sash to rise ready to be opened or swivelled inwards as shown on Figure 3.

page_text: The stops of the door or sash are adjustable and can be moved in the event of the
door or sash warping or swelling so as to keep draught tight and watertight.
Although spiral springs have been described as fitted on the hinges for keeping up
the weight of the door or sash, yet other spring's might be used, such as a blade
spring under the sill or floor and acting on a pin fixed at or near the bottom of the
door or sash, or by a similar pin acting on a spiral spring within a cylinder fixed
below the door sill; or by a spiral spring with one end fixed to the hinging post.
and the other end fixed to the hinging style of the door or sash, at any part of the
style between the lintel and the sill of the door or window sash.
For pressing down the door or sash in some cases the latch bolt might be con-
structed with an inclined plane on the point or as a lever fulcrumed at its back end,
and so connected with the spindle of the latch by a lever that when turned in the
backward direction it would force the bolt forward on an inclined plane or anti-
friction pulley or roller in the striking plate or bosshead and so press down the
door and so lock down the door or sash until the handle was turned in the opposite
direction to draw the bolt out of the lower recess or step when the door would rise
up on its springs and be ready for swinging open over and clear of the frame sill
and floor.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what.. I
claim is :-
•
First. The construction and arrangement of casement doors and windows, and such
like structures, and their hinges and supporting springs and fittings substantially as
and for the purposes and several advantages described, in reference to and shewn on
the accompanying Drawings.
Second. The constructing of casement doors and sashes and such like structures
to be carried on spiral or other springs and so that they can be pressed down on their
frame sills all so as to enable the door or sash or such like structures to be made
water tight and draught tight on their sills and frames; and also when not so pressed
down to be swung inwards over the frame sill and the floor substantially as herein
described and shewn on the accompanying Drawings.
Third. The constructing of casement doors and sashes and such like structures with
locks or latches having special striking plates or bossheads, or latches or locks with
levers and cranks all to be used in connection with the springs and hinges before
described substantially, and as shewn on the accompanying Drawings.
Dated this 16th day of. June 1890.