CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOAD WEAKING Braunen WADDIGG IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING FIGURED FABRICS
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Walton Mellor, of Ashton-under-Lyne, in
the County of Lancaster, Manufacturer, and William Jamieson, of the
same Place, Machinist, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOAD WEAKING Braunen WADDIGG"
Sealed the 5th November 1858, and dated the 10th June 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Walton Mellor
and William Jamieson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 10th June 1858.
We, THOMAS WALTON MELLOR, of Ashton-under-Lyne, in the County of
Lancaster, Manufacturer, and WILLIAM JAMIESON, of the same Place,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING FIGURED FABRICS," to be as follows:-
It consists in certain alterations and additions to looms for weaving figured
fabrics which are mounted either with heddles or harness, which are operated
upon by springs or weights. A square axis or batten, similar in its action and
construction to that used in jacquard looms, acts upon pins projecting from a
series of lances or levers which are so arranged as to press or incline towards
the batten. These lances or levers again act upon a series of hooks, each
lance having its corresponding hook. A "knife or blade" is provided, and
also a "rest plate," which move up and down in contrary directions; the
"knife or blade" and "rest plate" are each connected to cranks or eccentrics

page_text: in such a manner that when one of them rises the other falls, and the contrary.
By the action of the lances upon the hooks a portion of the hooks are forced
outwards; these hooks are in consequence taken hold of by the "blade" and
forced downwards; this action raises a corresponding portion of the warp by
means of the connexion betwixt the hooks and the heddles or harness. The
other portion of the hooks bear against the "rest plate" by the action of the
springs or weights, and the "rest plate" rising at the same time that tho
blade" falls the other portion of the warp is carried down, and thus the
sheed is formed for the passage of the shuttle.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Walton Mellor and William Jamieson in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 10th December 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, THOMAS
WALTON MELLOR, of Ashton-under-Lyne, in the County of Lancaster, Manu-
facturer, and WILLIAM JAMIESON, of the same Place, Machinist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
Thomas Walton Mellor and William Jamieson, ler especial license that we,
the said Thomas Walton Mellor and William Jamieson, our exccutors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others that we, the said Thomas Walton
Mellor and William Jamieson, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOONS FOR WEAVING FIGURED FABRICS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Thomas Walton Mellor and William
Jamieson, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
our, or their, or one of our or their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Scal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Thomas Walton Mellor and William
Jamieson, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
inanner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement and the accompanying Drawing
(that is to say):
It consists in certain alterations and additions to looms for weaving figured
fabrics which are mounted either with heddles or harness, which are operated
upon in one direction by means of springs or weights, our improvements
relating to that part of the apparatus by which the heddles or harness are
acted upon in the contrary direction to the springs or weights in order to form
the sheed for the passage of the shuttle.
In the accompanying Drawing the same letters of reference or letters and
figures conjoined indicate the same parts of the machinery or apparatus.
Fig. 1 is a side view of the apparatus to which are improvements are applied,
as seen from the back of the loom; Fig. 2, a back view of the same, as seen
from the interior of the loom; Fig. 3, a front view of the same as seen from the
side of the loom; and Fig. 4, a view of the interior parts, as seen in the same
direction as Fig. 1. A, A, a standard attached to the loom side by which the
apparatus is supported; A', A', framework of the apparatus which supports
above it the two rails A, A, which extend across over the loom for the
purpose of carrying the pulleys or levers by which the motion is communicated
from the apparatus to the heddles or harness; B, B, vibrating frame which
turns on centres B', B', at the outer ends of the rails A, A. This vibrating
frame carries the square axis or batten B, B, at each end of which are tho
four leaved pinions or squares B', B', by which the batten is held fast by
means of the hammer and worm springs B', 1', but allowed to turn at the
outward vibration of the frame 13, by the action of the hook B, on one of the
squares B³, B. Each of the sides of the batten is pierced with a row or rows
of holes, and round it is passed the chain or series of cards or plates by which
the pattern is formed. The construction and operation of these parts aro
similar to those of the corresponding parts of the ordinary jacquard loom; a
series of lances is provided, that is, a lance for every heddle or tie of the
harness used in the loom. These lances turn upon the centre or pin C, C,
and one of them is shewn at C¹, C', the others being omitted in the Drawing
to avoid confusion. From each of these lances proceeds a needle C³, which
are steadied by passing through a hole in the plate C, which plate is supported
by the moveable brackets C; C, C, two brackets which sustain the pressure.
of the batten when it is pressed home on the needles. Corresponding with

page_text: the lances are a series of hooks C, C, each lance having its corresponding
hook; from each of these hooks proceeds a wire..or band C, which is con-
nected to another band which passes over the pulleys C and C, and thence
to the heddles or harness: C³; C³, a comb or guide plate by which the lances
and hooks are kept in their proper places; D, D, a sliding frame which moves
up and down on the rods D', D', attached to the frame A¹; A¹.. The lower
part of this sliding frame forms a "knife" or "griffe" which takes hold of.
the hooks C, C7, when they come within range of its action: D2, D3, another:
sliding frame moving also on the rods D¹, D'; tho upper part of this slide
forins a moveable rest plate, against which rest the hooks C7, C, when they
are not drawn down by the slide D, D. These slides D, D, and D², D², are
actuated by the cranks D³, D³, by means of the rods D; D'; the cranks
D³, D³, are situated at the lower part of the loom, and are geered so as to
make a revolution for every revolution of the main crank axis of the loom..
Justead of acting directly on the slides these cranks may be made to act
through the intervention of levers, and also cams or eccentrics may be used
for the same purpose.
At the lower part of the slide D, D, projects a pin D³,
which plays in a slot at the lower end of the vertical rod D, D; this vertical
rod is connected by means of a joint to a bent arm B', attached to the vibrating
frame B, B; by this means motion is communicated to the vibrating frame,
which is however regulated so as to act at the proper time in the following
manner B, a stout spring, one end of which is attached to the vibrating
frame B, B, and the other to the frame A', A¹; the operation of this spring is
therefore to press the batten B, B, forcibly against the needles C², but this
action is restrained by the catch B³, which moves on a pin on the vibrating
frame, and takes hold of another pin on the framework A', A¹. From the
upper part of the slide D, D, projects another pin D', which is so fixed that
when the slide is nearly at the extent of its motion upwards the pin lifts
the catch B, which being thus released from the pin on the frame works A', A',
the spring B' urges the batten against the needles, and thus produces an
arrangement of the lances, corresponding to the holes in the card or plate
which happens to be in operation on the batten, when the slide D, D, again
sinks, by the action of its crank, the pin D³, acting at the lower part of the slot
in the rod Do vibrates the frame B, B, outwards; the batten B is withdrawn
from the needles and turned by the hook B³, the catcli B again takes hold of
its pin, and the operation is continued in the same manner. The action of
this mechanism is therefore to produce an arrangement of the lances, corre-
sponding to the holes in the card or plate which happens to be in operation

page_text: on the batten, some of which remain stationary, whilst others are forced
inwards. But from the disposition of the apparatus, it will be seen that each
lance which is forced inwards, carries before it its corresponding hook, which
hook is thus placed within range of the "kuife" or "griffe" at the lower part
of the slide D, D, and the slide then descending, carries the hook with it,
which thus, by means of the wire or band C³, raises a portion of the warp, at
the same time the other hooks which are not thus acted upon, press against
the moveable rest plate forming part of the upper slide D2, D3, and the
slide rising, these hooks are forced to rise with it by the action of the
springs or weights before mentioned, which thus consequently carry down the
remaining portion of the warp, and the sheed is formed for the passage of the
shuttle; and the formation of the sheed therefore depends upon the joint
action of the slides D, D, and D, D. The needles C are shewn in the
Drawing as disposed in a single line, but several rows of holes may be used in
the batten and the cards or plates, which rows of holes may thus constitute so
many different patterns to be woven in the cloth. By means of raising or
depressing the needles, so as to to correspond with any particular row of holes,
the corresponding pattern will be woven in the cloth. This raising or
depressing of the needles is effected by moving the moveable bracket C, C+,
and plate C, and this may be done either by the hand of the operative, or
any suitable mechanism. It will be observed that in the accompanying
loom which do not relate to our Invention are
Drawing, those parts of the
left out, in order to avoid confusion.
Fig. 5 represents another mode of carrying out our Invention, which is
slightly varied from that thus described. In this, the slides D, D, and D³, D³,
and the mode of actuating them are the same as before, as also are the hooks
C, C', and the mode of connecting them to the heddles or harness. The
lances are, however, somewhat differently formed, each being furnished with a
prominence, as at O, and not having the needles attached, as in the former
case. E, a cylinder, having rows of holes forming circles round it. Into
these holes pegs or pins are inserted, as may be required by the patterm.
These pins act on the prominences on the lances and force them backwards,
in the same manner as is done in the former case by the batten and cards
acting on the needles. If a pin acts on a lance, the corresponding hook is
carried down by the slide D, D, and the corresponding portion of the warp
raised; but if the pin is left out the lance is not moved inwards, and the
corresponding hooks remain disengaged from the slide D, D; and as the slide
D, D, rises, the hook rises with it, and the corresponding portion of the warp
is carried down by the action of the springs or weights. The mode of con-

page_text: structing the cylinder E, and conveying motion to it, being well known to
weavers of figured fabrics, need not be further described here.
Fig. 6 represents a third mode of carrying out our Invention. In this, the
slides D, D, and D2, D3, the hooks C, C, the lances C, C', and needles C² are
the same as in the mode first described. F, a vibrating frame constructed
and put in motion in a similar manner to the vibrating frame B, B, in the case
first described. The vibrating frame F carries the hollow cylinder G, the
surface of which is covered with sheet metal, or other substance answering the
same purpose. This surface is perforated with holes forming circles round it,
and also straight lines lengthwise of the cylinder. The perforations depend
upon the pattern to be woven, and resemble in this respect the perforations in
the cards or plates used in the jacquard apparatus. This cylinder G is
furnished with a ratchet wheel, or similar contrivance, by which, when at work,
it is moved forward a space (corresponding to a tooth of a wheel) at every
vibration of the frame F. When in operation, the cylinder G acts upon the
needles precisely in the same manner as the batten and cards in the jacquard
apparatus. Instead of perforating the cylinder, so as to serve for one pattern
only, we occasionally dispose the perforations so as to work two or more
patterns, the patterns in this case being proportionably of less extent, so that
the whole may be comprised within the circumference of the cylinder G. In
order to make these patterns available when required, the position of the
moveable brackets C* and plate C³ must be varied, so as to direct the needles
C to the system of holes which are calculated to produce the pattern required.
The operation of the needles C, the lances C, C', the hooks C, C, and the
slides D, D, and D, D, is the same as already described. The two appa-
ratuses shewn in Figs. 5 and 6 are, when in use, attached to the loom side in
the same manner as the apparatus shewn in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, we hereby declare that what we claim as
new and of our Invention to be as follows:-
First, we claim the application and adaptation of the slides D, D, and
D, D, in combination with the hooks and lances for actuating the heddles or
harness of figure looms, as shewn in the accompanying Drawing, and herein
described.
Second, we claim the application and adaptation of the slides D, D, and
D³, D, and the hooks and lances in combination with the vibrating frame
B, B, and the batten B2, B3, as shewn in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, and herein
described.
Third, we claim the application and adaptation of the slides D, D, and

page_text: D, D, and the hooks and lances in combination with the cylinder E, as shewn
in Fig. 5, and herein described.
Fourth, we claim the application and adaptation of the slides D, D, and
D, D, and the hooks and lances in combination with the perforated cylinder
G (operating in a vibrating frame), as shewn in Fig. 6,) and herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Jamieson, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Ninth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand cight hundred and fifty-eight.
10
WILLIAM JAMIESON. (L.S.)
Signed by the within-named William
Jamieson, in the presence of
JOHN POTTER, C. E.,
9, Corporation Street,
Manchester.