Improvements in Steam Generators.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Apr., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 18th Jan., 1894-Accepted, 10th Mar., 1894
-
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Steam Generators.
A communication from abroad by LA SOCIÉTÉ ANONYME DU GÉNÉRATEUR DU
TEMPLE, of Paris, in the French Republic.
I, PHILIP MIDDLETON JUSTICE of 55 and 56 Chancery Lane in the County
of Middlesex, Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Patent Agents, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in steam generators and particularly to
generators of the well known "du Temple" type which consists of preferably two
lower collectors connected to a single upper collector by a cluster of small tubes,
all of which are more or less exposed to the direct action of the fire, and also
connected by large tubes placed outside of the boiler casing, such tubes serving to
return the water carried up by the small tubes (and which has not been turned into
steam) into the lower collectors so as to maintain a circulation through the
generator.
The present invention relates to improvements in the construction and arrange-
ment of such generators as will be understood by reference to the accompanying
drawings in which :-
Figures 1 and 2 are a side and end sectional elevation respectively on a small
scale of one form of generator constructed according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a side elevation partly in section on an enlarged scale of a somewhat
modified form of generator.
Fig. 4 is an end elevation partly in section of same, and
Fig. 5 is a half end elevation partly in section showing a slight modification.
In these drawings A is the upper collector, B, B', the lower collectors, C, C', the
clusters of tubes, D, D', the water return tubes, and E the smoke stack which can
be divided if desired into two as E', E¹.
On either side of the upper collector A are baffle plates F, F', arranged above
the cluster of tubes, such plates being pierced with holes so distributed as to ensure
an even and regular passage therethrough of the products of combustion. Such
plates may be provided with means for regulating the openings and consequently
the passage of the gases.
G is the grate. This is made shorter than the length of the generator or of the
tubular cluster, indeed considerably so when the generator increases above certain
sizes, it being essential to the economy of fuel that the relation of the grate area to
the heating surface should not exceed a certain limit.
In the case of a generator such as represented in Figures 1 and 2 where the
cluster of tubes C extends a considerable distance beyond the grate it will be seen
that the lower portion of the cluster beyond the oblique line X Y will in all
probability be imperfectly heated. To obviate this there is arranged in a boiler of
extreme length several vertical baffle plates H, H', as shown in Fig. 1, such plates
having approximately the interior shape of the cluster of tubes and extending to the
casing I, 1, on either side respectively. These plates serve to interrupt the oblique
movement of the gases and cause them to be distributed more equally, the
When the cluster of
employment of two smoke stacks E, E', also assisting this.
tubes only extends a short distance beyond the grate as shown in Fig. 3 one plate H
will be usually sufficient.

page_text: In order to prevent the tubes being damaged which their position on the
rectangular lower collectors heretofore employed rendered them liable to,
cylindrical collectors B are employed as shown, such collectors being either of a
small size with hand holes for cleaning purposes as shown in Fig. 4, or of a size
sufficiently large to take a man's body, such larger size being shown in Fig. 5 and
indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 3.
In place of employing adjustable joints for the small tubes C for securing them
in the upper and lower collectors as has hitherto been done, the tubes are let into
openings in the shells of the collectors and directly secured therein by expanding
them or in other ways by which a fixed joint is secured. Such tubes may be of
iron or steel but are preferably of copper, or of alloys containing copper, nickel &c.
As shown they are further preferably made of a larger diameter in their upper
portion than in their lower,.this arrangement having the advantage of allowing the
products of combustion a suitable area for circulation on their entry into the cluster
so that they are not so quickly damped as they would be in entering a closely
arranged cluster. In this way the area of the fire chamber is thereby increased, as
is also the heating surface of the tubes in the upper portion where the gases are
cooler. This arrangement may be considerably modified however from that
illustrated so as to develop the principle shown therein. The tubes are distributed
in such a way that the planes in which they are centred converge towards an axis
situated above the upper collector. It is considered preferable to employ the large
size lower collectors B as shown in Fig. 5, the larger collector presenting certain
advantages, among them being the fact that a greater number of tubes may be
attached to them, as will be seen by comparing Fig. 5 with Fig. 4.
Where a single chimney is employed it is desirable to divide into two parts by a
vertical plate
so as to equalize the draught at the two ends of the boiler while to
augment the space available for the entrance of air beneath the grate it may be
arranged to enter from both ends of the ash pit.
Dated the 19th day of April 1893.
Improvements in Steam Generators.
A communication from abroad by LA SOCIÉTÉ ANONYME DU GÉNÉRATEUR DU
TEMPLE, of Paris, in the French Republic.
I, PHILIP MIDDLETON JUSTICE, of 55 and 56 Chancery Lane; in the County
of Middlesex, Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Patent Agents, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in steam generators and particularly to
generators of the well known "du Temple" type which consists of preferably two
lower collectors connected to a single upper collector by a cluster of small tubes,
all of which are more or less exposed to the direct action of the fire, and also
connected by large tubes placed outside of the boiler casing, such tubes serving
to return the water carried up by the small tubes (and which has not been turned
into steam) into the lower collectors so as to maintain a circulation through the
generator.
The present invention relates to improvements in the construction and
arrangement of such generators as will be understood by reference to the drawings
accompanying the Provisional Specification in which
Figures 1 and 2 are a side and end sectional elevation respectively on a small
scale of one form of generator constructed according to the present invention.

page_text: Figure 3 is a side elevation partly in section on an enlarged scale of a somewhat
modified form of generator.
Figure 4 is an end elevation partly in section of same, and
Figure 5 is a half end elevation partly in section showing a slight modification.
In these drawings A is the upper collector, B, B', the lower collectors, C, C, the
clusters of tubes, D, D', the water return tubes, and E the smoke stack which can.
be divided if desired into two as E¹, E.
On either side of the upper collector A are baffle plates F, F, arranged above
the cluster of tubes, such plates being pierced with holes so distributed as to ensure
an even and regular passage therethrough of the products of combustion. Such
plates may be provided with means for regulating the openings and consequently
the passage of the gases.
Gis the grate. This is made shorter than the length of the generator or of the
tubular cluster, indeed considerably so when the generator increases above certain
sizes, it being essential to the economy of fuel that the relation of the grate area to
the heating surface should not exceed a certain limit.
In the case of a generator such as represented in Figures 1 and 2 where the
cluster of tubes C extends a considerable distance beyond the grate it will be seen
that the lower portion of the cluster beyond the oblique line X Y will in all
probability be imperfectly heated. To obviate this there is arranged in a boiler of
extreme length several vertical baffle plates H, H', which divide the tubes into
several groups as shown in Figure 1, such plates having approximately the interior
shape of the cluster of tubes and extending to the casing I, I', on either side
respectively. These plates serve to interrupt the oblique movement of the gases
and cause them to be distributed more equally, the employment of two smoke
stacks E E' also assisting this. When the cluster of tubes only extends a short
distance beyond the grate as shown in Figure 3, one plate H will be usually
sufficient.
In order to prevent the tubes being damaged which their position on the
rectangular lower collectors heretofore employed rendered them liable to,
cylindrical collectors B are employed as shown, such collectors being either of a
small size with hand holes for cleaning purposes as shown in Figure 4, or of a size
sufficiently large to take a man's body, such larger size being shown in Figure 5.
and indicated by dotted lines in Figure 3.
In place of employing adjustable joints for the small tubes C for securing them
in the upper and lower collectors as has hitherto been done, the tubes are let into
openings in the shells of the collectors and directly secured therein by expanding
them or in other ways by which a fixed joint is secured. Such tubes be of
may
iron or steel but are preferably of copper, or of alloys containing copper, nickel &c.
As shown they are further preferably made of a larger diameter in their upper
portion than in their lower, this arrangement having the advantage of allowing the
products of combustion a suitable area for circulation on their entry into the cluster
so that they are not so quickly damped as they would be in entering a closely
arranged cluster. In this way the area of the fire chamber is thereby increased, as
also the heating surface of the tubes in the upper portion where the gases are
cooler. This arrangement may be considerably modified however from that
illustrated so as to develop the principle shown therein. The tubes are distributed
in such a way that the planes in which they are centred converge towards an axis
situated above the upper collector. It is considered preferable to employ the large
size lower collectors B as shown in Figure 5, the larger collector presenting certain
advantages, among them being the fact that a greater number of tubes may be
attached to them, as will be seen by comparing Figure 5 with Figure 4.
Where a single chimney is employed it is desirable to divide into two parts by a
vertical plate J so as to equalize the draught at the two ends of the boiler while to
augment the space available for the entrance of air beneath the grate and to allow
of a reduction in the height of the ash pit it may be arranged to enter from both
ends of the latter.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent and in what manner the
same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
-:
1. In a steam generator the arrangement of vertical baffle plates adapted to
interrupt the oblique movement of the gases and to divide the tubes into groups
substantially as described.
2. In a steam generator the employment with the baffle plates described in the
foregoing claim of more than one chimney substantially as and for the purpose
described.
3. In a steam generator a cluster of tubes, each being of larger diameter in its
upper portion than in its lower for the purpose of allowing the gases a suitable
area for circulation on their entry into the cluster, and to increase the heating
surface in the upper portion where the gases are cooler, substantially as described.
4. In a steam generator the arrangement of the tube clusters whereby the planes
in which the tubes are centred converge towards an axis situated above the axis of
the upper collector, substantially as described.
5. The improvements in steam generators substantially as described and
illustrated in the drawings.
Dated this 18th dov of January 1894
PHILIP M. JUSTICE.