IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOILERS, SHIPS TANKS, AND OTHER HOLLOW VESSELS. OF IRON AND STEEL
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Gay Newton Alleyne, of Butterley Iron Works,
Alfreton, in the County of Derby, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOILERS, SHIPS TANKS, AND OTHER HOLLOW VESSELS.
OF IRON AND STEEL,"
Sealed the 21st February 1860, and dated the 8th December 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Gay Newton Alleyne
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 8th December 1859.
I, JOHN GAY NEWTON ALLEYNE, of Butterley Iron Works, Alfreton, in the
County of Derby, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOILERS, SHIPS TANKS, AND OTHER
HOLLOW VESSELS OF IRON AND STEEL," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in uniting the iron or steel plates of steam boilers and
other hollow vessels formed of iron or steel plates by welding them together,
with the intervention of a double grooved or H-shaped piece of iron or steel,
which I call a glut. The Invention, however, admits of certain variations
as herein-after mentioned..
The edges of the plates are introduced into the grooves of the glut, and heat
is applied to the junction by means of one or more small cupola furnaces, or in
other convenient manner. When the junction has reached a welding heat
the parts are compressed together by hammering or rolling, or by simple
pressure, and are thus united into one piece; a portion of the glut may be
any
[Price 8d.]

page_text: burned or oxidized in the operation, but the edges of the plates and the portion
of the glut between them are protected from oxidation by the other parts of
the glut. I bend the glut or grooved bar into cylindrical or other forms as may
be required for the form of the boiler or other vessel. In some cases, as, for
example, for the corners of boilers, I employ a bent or angular glut or a piece
with grooves at a right angle or other angle to each other. In some cases
also the glut may be made with a rib or ribs, or with three or more grooves.
I also sometimes employ a glut of T-form, or a flat bar of greater width than
the thickness of the plates to be united. In either of these cases it is
hammered or compressed in the operation so as to embrace the edges of the
plates like the H-formed glut. I manufacture the glut by rolling it between
rolls of suitable form. In some cases, however, where great precision is
required, or when the form of the glut is such that it cannot be rolled or can
only be rolled with difficulty, I form the glut by any of the ordinary processes
of forging or shaping metals, and, if necessary, I plane or cut out the grooves,
or one or more of them by a planing machine or other suitable tool.
The Invention is applicable to the manufacture of steam boilers, close
boilers, open boilers, and pans, tanks, iron and steel boats and ships, and
generally to the manufacture of hollow vessels of plates of iron and steel.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Lotters Patent, filed
by the said John Gay Newton Alleyne in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 1st June 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN GAY
NEWTON ALLEYNE, of Butterly Iron Works, Alfreton, in the County of
Derby, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Gay Newton Alleyne, Her special licence that I, the said John
Gay Newton Alleyne, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said John Gay Newton Alleyne, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time, and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOILERS, SHIPS TANKS, AND OTHER

page_text: HOLLOW VESSELS OF IRON AND STEEL," upon the condition (amongst others) that
J, the said John Gay Newton Alleyne, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under ny, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Gay Newton Alleyne, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention consists in uniting the iron or steel plates of steam boilers
and other hollow vessels formed of iron or steel plates, by welding them
together, with the intervention of a double-grooved or H shaped piece of iron
or steel, which I call a "glut." The Invention, however, admits of certain
variations, as herein-after mentioned.
The edges of the plates are introduced into the groves of the glut, and
heat is applied to the junction by means of one or more small cupola furnaces,
or in anyotherconvenient manner. When the junction has reached a welding
heat, the parts are compressed together byhammering or rolling, or by simple.
pressure, and are thus united into one piece. A portion of the glut may
be burned or oxidized in the operation, but the edges of the plates and the
portion of the glut between them are protected from oxidation by the other
parts of the glut. I bend the glut or grooved bar into cylindrical or other
forms as may be required for the form of the boiler or other vessel. In some
cases, as, for example, for the corners of boilers, I employ a bent or angular
glut, or a piece with grooves at a right angle or other angle to each other.
In some cases also the glut may be made with a rib or ribs, or with three
or more grooves. I also sometimes employ a glut of T-forin, or a flat bar of
greater width than the thickness of the plates to be united. In either of
these cases it is hammered or compressed in the operation, so as to embrace
the edges of the plates like the H-formed glut. I manufacture the glut by
rolling it between rolls of suitable form. In some cases, however, where
great precision is required, or when the form of the glut is such that it cannot
be rolled, or can only be rolled with difficulty, I forin the glut by any of the
ordinary processes of forging or shaping metals, and, if necessary, I plane or
cut out the grooves, or one or more of them, by a planing machine or other
suitable tool.
The Invention is applicable to the manufacture of steam boilers,close boilers,

page_text: open boilers, and pans, tanks, iron and steel boats and ships, and generally to
the manufacture of hollow vessels of plates of iron and steel.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawing is a section of a bar or " glut"
of H-form; Figure 2 is an elevation on a smaller scale of a ring, formed by
bending a bar of the form shown in Figure 1 into a circle. The ends may be
welded together, or merely brought in contact; Figure 3 is a section of the
same; Figure 4 is a section of portions of two cylinders of iron or steel plates,
A and B, whose edges are inserted in the grooves of the glut C. The two
cylinders and the glut are held together by clamps or other suitable means,
and their edges and the glut C are heated to a welding heat, and united or
welded by hammering or pressure. The glut may be heated in successive
small portions by means of a small cupola furnace filled with coke and closed
at the top, and having a blast of air blown in at one side, and a powerful jet
of flame thus forced out at the other side. This may be placed on the outside
or on the inside of the cylinders A and B, or one such furnace may be placed
on the outside and another on the inside. When a portion of the glut and
edges of thecylinders are thus heated to a welding heat, this portion is shifted
on to an anvil, and hammered until the glut is welded to the edges of the
cylinders and incorporated with them, as shown in section in Figure 5; or the
junction may be hammered down to the same thickness as the rest of
the cylinders, as shown in Figure 6. Another portion of the glut is then
heated and welded in a similar manner. If the ends of the glut have not been
previously welded together, they are welded in the process of welding the
cylindrical plates to them. Instead of hammering the parts, they may be
pressed together by rollers or otherwise, or the welding may be effected by
hammering,and the junction mayafterwards be reduced to the same thickness
as the plates by rolling. In some cases the whole of the glut may be heated
atonce, and the welding completed by pressing the cylinders endways into the
grooves of the glut, or by passing the junction between a pair of rollers, or by
rapidly hammering it all round. The H gluts may be made in two pieces, as,
for example, a T-piece and a flat piece, or two T pieces, the whole being
finally welded to the plates. Figure 7 is a longitudinal section of a cylindrical
steam boiler with hemisphericalends,showing the mode of uniting the partsby
gluts of H form. The hemispherical end D,and the first cylindrical portion A,
have their edges inserted in the grooves of the first glut C¹, whichisthenwelded,
as herein-before described. The other end of the cylinder A being open, a pro-
jecting anvil may be placed under the glut while the outside is hammered, or
the inside may also be hammered, or a heavy hammer held against it while the
outside is hammered, as may be found most convenient. When the first joint

page_text: has thus been made, the second glut,C2, is placed on the end of the cylinder A
and the edge of the second cylinder B is inserted in it, and this joint is welded
like the first; the third cylinder E is welded by the glut Cs in a similar
manner; the glut C is then placed on the end of the cylinder E,and the edge
of the hemisphere F is inserted in it, and the whole is welded as before. The
end or centre of the hemisphere F has an aperture large enough for the
introduction of a bent anvil or a heavy hammer with a long handle to be used
in welding the joint at C. This aperture is afterwards closed by a plate G
secured by bolts and nuts, or rivets, or otherwise. One of the cylinders may
have an opening or "manhole" in the usual manner. The form of the glut
admits of variation. Thus, Figure 8 is a section of a glut of T form in section,
and Figure 9 is a section of a glut C of this form bent into a circle, and applied
for uniting two cylinders A and B. When the web of the glut C is hammered
down in the process of welding, it assumes nearly the same form as the H-formed
glut shewn in Figure 1. Figure 10 is a section of a glut consisting of a plain flat
bar of greater width than the thickness of the plates to be united,and Figure 11
is a section of the same glut Cbent into a circle,and applied for welding together
two cylinders A and B. When this glut is hammered down in the process of
welding, it also acquires nearly the same form as the glut shewn in Figure 1.
Figure 12 is a section of a glut adapted for square corners, and Figure 13
shews the same with two plates inserte lin the grooves; and Figure 14 shews
the same with the central portion of the glut partially hammered down
between the plates; Figure 15 shews the whole welded together. Figure 16
is a section of a glut with three grooves, and Figure 17 is a section of
the same glut C with portions of three plates A, B, E, inserted in it.
Figure 18 is a section of a boiler with a flue through it, which may be made
in the following manner :-The outer shell consisting of the cylinders A,B,E,
united by gluts C1,C2, is manufactured in the manner herein-before described
in reference to Figure 7. The flue, consisting of the cylinders J, K, L, united
by gluts C3, C4, is made in a similar manner. M is a flat circular plate which
forms one end of the boiler and has a circular hole to receive the end of the
flue. The outer edge of this plate M, is bent as shewn in the Drawing. A
glut of the form shewn in Figure 19 is bent into a circular form or ring with
its ends meeting in a lap or diagonal joint or line. This admits of the ring
being sprung in to a sufficient extent to introduce itinto the hole in the plate M,
when it is allowed to spring out and fit the hole with theedgeoftheplateentering
the groove in the glut C³. The other groove in the glut is then fitted on to the
end of the cylinder J, and the junction is heated, and the cylinder J, plate M,
and glut C5, are all welded together. In the same manner the plate N, and

page_text: glue C", are welded to the cylinder L. A glut C7, is bent into a ring and fitted
on the edge of the plate M, and the flue J, K, L, is then introduced into the
shell A, B, E, and the glut C7 is fitted on the edge of the cylinder A, and is
heated and welded, which operation can be performed entirely from the exterior
owing to the form of the glut, which is shewn separately in section in Figure
20. The plate N is welded to the cylinder E, in a similar manner by the glut C³.
Figure 21 is an elevation or side view, and Figure 22 is a transverse section
of a boat constructed of wrought iron or steel plates united by gluts accord-
ing to my Invention. The keel C is itself a glut, having two grooves which
receive the edges of the lower tier of plates A, A, A. The keel C, may be
bent up at stem and stern to receive the edges of the end plates of all the
tiers; H-formed gluts C'and C2 receive the adjoining edges of the plates A,B,
and B, E. Other pieces C³ of glut of similar form receive the adjoining
edges of the plates A, A, A, of the first tier. Similar gluts C+ and C5 receive
the ends of the plates in the tiers B and E respectively. A beading P
may be placed on the upper edge of the plates of the tier E to strengthen
them, if desired. The gluts and plates are then welded together, as herein-
before described. The whole boat may be bound together by clamps or by
pieces of iron rivetted on at suitable positions while the welding is being pe:-
formed, or it may be gradually put together and one part welded before
another is added; thus the plates A, A, of each lower tier might first be united
by the gluts C3 into one long plate, which might then be welded to the keel.
The plates of the tiers B being similarly united by the gluts C4, might then
be welded by the gluts C¹ to the tiers A; the upper tiers E might then be
added in a similar manner. In some cases it is required to divide off a
portion at the head or stern, or portions at both the head and stern of a boat;
in this case a glut of the form shewn in Figure 16 may be employed to weld
a transverse plate or bulkhead to the side plates; or a glut with a projecting
rib or flange may be employed to weld the side plates together, and the
transverse plate may be rivetted or bolted to this rib or flange.
Ships may be constructed in the same manner as already described for
boats, but in many cases, especially in constructing large vessels, it may be
found more convenient to employ the gluts and the welding operation for
portions only of the structure, and to employ rivetting or welding with the
ordinary scarf or butt joints, or other means of connection for other portions.
Thus the plates may be united to each other by welding with gluts, and may
then be rivetted or otherwise secured to the keel and to the ribs of the vessel.
In like manner the plates used in the construction of boilers and other hollow
vessels may be entirely connected by welding them with gluts, or some

page_text: portions may be so united while other parts are joined by rivets or other
means.
The rings of the boilers herein-before described may be made of one or
more plates united by gluts placed parallel or diagonal to the axis of the
ring. The hemispherical or other ends of the boilers may also be built
up like the boat, of several plates united by gluts. The joints need not
be hammered down to the same thickness as the plates, except at the
edge which has to enter the glut which joins it to the next ring; or the
gluts used to build up the hemispherical or other end or ring may stop
short of the edge of the plates, leaving just sufficient of the plate projecting
to enter the glut which is to join it to the next piece. In this case there will be
a small cavity inside the last-mentioned glut, and between theprojectingparts
of the adjoining plates which enter it. The glut should be well hammered
down and welded into this little cavity, or a small piece of iron may be placed
or driven in it, which will then become united with the other parts in the
process of welding the glut. Or the plates may be cut to such a shape, that
the projecting parts may butt against or touch each other beyond the ends of
the gluts. Figure 23 is a side view or elevation of a cistern or open tank;
Figure 24 is an elevation of the same without the bottom, which is shown in
Figure 25; Figure 26 is a plan of the bottom; Figure 27 is a section of a
glut, which may be used for the bottom, and also for the corners. A piece of
this glut C is bent into a square form on the edge of a square plate A to form
the bottom of the tank. Four plates B are inserted into four vertical gluts C¹,
to form the sides of the tank. The projecting edges of these platesare inserted
into the glut C. The whole is then welded, as herein-before described; or
the four sides may be first welded by their gluts C¹, and then welded to the
bottom by the glut C. If required, a top may be welded on in the same
manner as the bottom, by leaving a central or other hole for the introduction
of a bent anvil, or a heavy hammer, or other similar contrivance to assist in
the welding operation. Figure 28 is a section of another form of glut, which
may be used for connecting plates at right angles or other angles. Figure 29
is a section showing two plates A and B, inserted in the grooves of this glut C,
and Figure 30 is a section of the same after the glut has been partially
hammered down. This form of glut has the advantage of being easily produced
by rolling, which is not the case with that shown in Figure 27. The preceding
examples serve to illustrate the mode of applying my Invention, to hollow
vessels of various forms, and it will be obvious that the Invention is applicable
to hollow vessels of a great variety of forms, and that the forms of the gluts
also admit of some modification. I prefer to make the gluts of a quality of iron

page_text: or steel, which is easily welded and is more fusible than the plates of iron or
steel which are to be united by them.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that what I
claim is, the manufacture of boilers, ships, tanks, and other hollow vessels of
iron or steel plates united by welding, with the intervention of "gluts" in
manner herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Gay Newton Alleyne, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
J. G. N. ALLEYNE. (L.S.)
J. G. N. ALLEYNE. (L.S.)