IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE, EMBOSSING, AND COLORING OF PANELS AND MOULDINGS, AND COMPOSITION AND OTHER FABRICS, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN SUCH MANUFACTURES."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Walton, of Heatham House, Twickenham, in
*
the County of Middlesex, for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE, EMBOSSING, AND COLORING OF PANELS AND MOULDINGS,
AND COMPOSITION AND OTHER FABRICS, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN
SUCH MANUFACTURES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Walton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th May 1880.
FREDERICK WALTON, of Heatham House, Twickenham, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE, EMBOSSING, AND COLORING
OF PANELS AND MOULDINGS, AND COMPOSITION AND OTHER FABRICS, AND IN
APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN SUCH MANUFACTURES.'
"
The object of this Invention is the printing of solid relief wall decoration
whether made of oxidized oil compositions, or others of a plastic nature.
To ensure
perfect accuracy I employ a machine in which I both make the relief ornament and
print it in a continuous operation; so I ensure that a perfect register of the
pattern is preserved between the raising of the relief and the imprint of color upon
it. To obtain this result I employ a cast iron cylinder of about 60 inches diameter;
against this cylinder I run the embossing or relief raising roller. I pass the foun-
dation fabric on the face of the cylinder, and feed the composition between it and
the embossing roller. The ornament in relief is thus produced; at the same time the
fabric is secured to the cylinder so that it may not shift by being pressed at each
edge on to small steel pins which project slightly from the periphery of the cylinder.
After the fabric has received its ornamental relief, it travels some distance round
the cylinder inside a casing through which cold air is blown, the object being to
cool the plastic composition and render it more fit to resist without loss of form the
pressure to which it is exposed whilst receiving the impression of the colour rollers.
The coloring takes place almost immediately after the fabric has left the cooling
chamber. The color rollers are arranged round the circumference of the cylinder in
the same manner as the rollers of a calico printing or paper staining machine.
use a flat printing surface, unless the pattern is in high relief and very irregular of
surface, but when there is considerable curvature of surface, as for instance in the
I

page_text: cup like form of a flower, I cut the wood or other printing surface slightly to the
form. But mainly I trust to the natural elasticity of the composition to yield to
any slight inequality. I prefer to use elastic inking or coloring rollers. I use the
same machine in the production of tapestry like hangings, the first or relief roller
producing an indented surface in imitation of tapestry, and the color rollers
printing suitable patterns on such rough or uneven surface. By printing on the
raised surface the appearance of tapestry is produced. Sometimes I leave the relief
ornaments without color, and print only on the rough or even groundwork.
After the printing of my relief decoration by rollers, I apply one or more revolving
brushes so as to distribute the color already put on, and to soften the outlines and
tints, and give that soft modulated shading produced by hand work. The action
of the brushes should be co-incident with the run of the material, and they should
have also an intermittent movement to and from the fabric. It is necessary that
these brushes should be very lengthy, fine, and soft in texture, so as to enter freely
all the inequalities of the surface.
When the color is applied by means of flat blocks, flat brushes are similarly
employed.
By another plan I make a sunken roller for each color, and I force a soft color
composition into such sunken forms, and clean the surface by means of a ducter.
I then transfer the said composition on to a sheet of fabric prepared with my oil
composition in an adhesive state, which takes the colored composition out of the
hollows of the color rollers.
In some cases I employ a backing of woven fabric combined with paper, as is
described in the Specification of my Patent, No. 5118, in the year 1879, and I
then print with oil colors on the same.
In imitation of inlaid woods and the like, I indent the surface with fine lines or
sunk work in any design by means of a pattern in relief on a brass or other roller.
I print the same with surface blocks or rollers in several colors in the same machine,
and when the color becomes set and partially dry, I cut off the superfluous color by
means of a ducter or knife guage, leaving the color in the sunken design.
In the production of embossed paper by machinery, I make an embossing roller
of metal or other material, and I deposit color into the sunken part of such roller
by means of elastic color rollers; I then force into the sunken pattern a sheet of
paper, or paper coated or combined with solid oils or other materials by means of a
counterpart roller or a roller of elastic material. By this means I emboss and
print the paper or other fabric in the same machine. I also take paper or other
fabric, and I emboss the same between embossing rollers, counterparts the one of
the other, and as the paper passes on the roller having the raised pattern, I print the
same by rollers, the surfaces of which are slightly elastic to yield to the inequalities
of surface.
The pattern or embossing rollers require to be quickly and easily changed, and
in order to do this the brass shells on which the pattern is cut are made in the
form of rings which slide on to a mandril fitted with a key, to ensure the right
position of the ring being preserved. I can put several rings on one mandril, so
that I can produce a great variety of patterns; for instance, when I need a dado
with two borders, one on each side, I can change and vary the borders in relation
to the centres. I also vary the printing cylinders in the same way.
In the production of borders for picture frames, furniture, and the like, which
are very narrow, I put 20 to 30 on one roller, and the fabric so embossed is cut in
the same machine into strips by means of circular knives fitted on to a shaft. The
knives are kept apart by means of washers the exact width of the borders or
mouldings to be cut. In the same machine also I wind the mouldings so cut on to
small wooden bobbins which are slidden on to a revolving shaft. The bobbins are
of the same width as the distance pieces placed between the circular knives. These
bobbins are so carried upon the shaft that they can slip as the shaft is made to
revolve slightly in excess speed of the cutting roller. This is requisite, because the
mouldings being of various thickness, slack would otherwise arise in some of the

page_text: windings. When these mouldings are wound, each bobbin has a card board or
metal flange placed on each side of the bobbin to protect it. To fix this ornamental
border on to wood mouldings, I use a machine in which the bobbin is placed on a
spindle above a narrow travelling table adjustable to any angle. On this table I
place the wood moulding. The glue for fixing is placed on the moulding by means of
an elastic piece of rubber fitted to the form of the moulding, and which spreads an
even coat. The border is allowed to pass over this prepared surface, and is pressed
on to it by an india rubber or other elastic roller. To continue this pressure until
the glue is set, I place the mouldings immediately after leaving the machine
between two boards, having a space of two or more inches between them. Into
this space I insert a long tube of india rubber fastened at both ends, and I force
water or air at suitable temperature into it. I prefer cold water to set the glue.
By another plan I continue the pressure by having an endless belt of india rubber
or other soft material to follow on the moulding until the glue is set, so that the
moulding issues from the machine complete.
In rolling or embossing, especially where fine lines are used, there is always great
difficulty in preventing the material adhering to the rollers, and the difficulty is
the greater if the rollers be warm. I have succeeded in overcoming this by the
use in the composition of a small quantity of paraffin wax combined with soap or
alone. Most of the waxes have this quality, but I prefer paraffin wax to any other.
When using wax I can keep the embossing roller at a high temperature, thus
ensuring a fine finish and perfect sharpness of the outlines.
I have found that castor oil reduced into a semi-solid condition by the evaporation
of its volatile constituents under heat can be used with great advantage, either
alone, or in combination with solidified linseed oil and gum, and in some cases I use
castor oil in its natural state, combined with gum kaurie and solidified linseed oil,
the volatile constituents of the oil passing off during the combination under heat of
the main materials.
For the manufacture of panels for the decoration of furniture or small surfaces,
I employ a set of three rollers of large diameter, say, 24 to 30 inches. Two of
these rollers are plain, and by them the composition is spread on the back fabric.
The other of these large rollers carries the dics (which are curved to the radius),
they are fixed so that they may be easily adjusted in position or removed.
number of these dies are fixed on the roller. Where on account of the varying
form and size of dies there is a space, a blank form is put in.
A
In another arrangement I have one large roller working by means of a rack
motion in unison with a horizontal table, and the dies are fixed on such table in the
same way as I fix them on the roller afore mentioned, only that the dies do not
need curving. I feed the material between the dies on the table and the roller
which works over it, passing a cloth or fabric over the roller.
I apply to floor cloths the method of embossing or otherwise producing on the
surface of the fabric fine sunken lines wherever the printed pattern is to be placed.
I then print with oil color over the lined forms with a superfluity of color, and
when the color is set and dry, I remove the superfluous color by means of a ducter.
The paint is thus inlaid slightly beneath or even with the surface, producing fine
effects, and rendering the color durable. I prefer to print by a roller machine.
In place of engraved lines a stippled surface may be produced deep enough to
hold a body of color.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Frederick Walton in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 27th
November 1880.
FREDERICK WALTON, of Heatham House, Twickenham, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE, EMBOSSING, AND COLORING
OF PANELS AND MOULDINGS, AND COMPOSITION AND OTHER FABRICS, AND IN
APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN SUCH MANUFACTURES."
The object of this Invention is the printing of solid relief wall decoration,
whether made of oxidized oil compositions or others of a plastic nature. To ensure
perfect accuracy I employ a machine in which I both make the relief ornament and
print it in a continuous operation; so I ensure that a perfect register of the pattern
is preserved between the raising of the relief and the imprint of color upon it. To
obtain this result I employ a cast iron cylinder of about 60 inches diameter;
against this cylinder I run the embossing or relief raising roller. I pass the
foundation fabric on the face of the cylinder, and feed the composition between it
and the embossing roller. The ornament in relief is thus produced; at the same
time the fabric is secured to the cylinder so that it may not shift by being pressed
at each edge on to small steel pins which project slightly from the periphery of the
cylinder. After the fabric has received its ornamental relief, it travels some
distance round the cylinder inside a casing through which cold air is blown, the
object being to cool the plastic composition and render it more fit to resist without
loss of form the pressure to which it is exposed whilst receiving the impression of
the color rollers. The coloring takes place almost immediately after the fabric has
left the cooling chamber. The color rollers are arranged round the circumference of
the cylinder in the same manner as the rollers of a calico printing or paper staining
machine. I use a flat printing surface unless the pattern is in high relief and very
irregular of surface, but when there is considerable curvature of surface as, for
instance, in the cup like form of a flower, I cut the wood or other printing surface
slightly to the form; but mainly I trust to the natural elasticity of the composition
to yield to any slight inequality. I prefer to use elastic inking or coloring rollers.
I use the same machine in the production of tapestry like hangings, the first or
relief roller producing an indented surface in imitation of tapestry, and the color
rollers printing suitable patterns on such rough or uneven surface. By printing
on the raised surface, the appearance of tapestry is produced. Sometimes I leave
the relief ornaments without color and print only on the rough or uneven
groundwork.
After the printing of my relief decoration by rollers, I apply one or more
revolving brushes so as to distribute the color already put on, and to soften the
outlines and tints and give that soft modulated shading produced by hand work.
The action of the brushes should be co-incident with the run of the material, and
they should have also an intermittent movement to and from the fabric. It is
necessary that these brushes should be very lengthy, fine, and soft in texture, so as
to enter freely all the inequalities of the surface. When the color is applied by
means of flat blocks, flat brushes are similarly employed.
Figure 1 of the annexed Drawings is a transverse section of a machine for the
production in accordance with my Invention and as described above.
The backing fabric, preferably paper and woven fabric combined, is wound on to
roller A, and passes from thence to a break roller B which is covered with wire
card cloth to grip the underside of the material. The roller B is provided with
a loaded break wheel to regulate the strain put upon the fabric. The fabric then
passes round the roller C and under D, which spreads on a layer of composition.
It then passes on to the embossing roller E which impresses or moulds the
pattern, and at the same time forces the fabric on to fine steel pins which are

page_text: placed round the periphery of the cylinder I. F is a revolving steel knife which
cuts off the surplus edge of the fabric, and a ducter is provided to scrape off and
arrest any composition at the edge which might interfere with the subsequent
printing operation. The fabric then passes into a covered chamber arranged around
the cylinder, into which cool air is blown by means of a fan for the purpose of
cooling the heated composition and thus rendering it sufficiently firm as to enable
it to take the impression of the printing rollers G, G, G, without distortion of form.
The printing rollers may be made of wood, metal, or a semi elastic composition
composed of solidified oil mixed with finely ground cork, which will yield to the
inequalities of surface. G¹, G¹, G¹, are inking rollers. For most purposes, such as
the printing of low relief or tapestry pattern, I prefer wood rollers cut in the usual
way, but for high relief I use rollers cast or produced by electro typing or similar
process. The brushes are shown at H, H; they may be suspended on levers and be
actuated by a shaft slightly eccentric or by other similar means. The combined
fabric, described as employed by preference for the backing, is made by uniting
cloth and paper in a machine represented at Figure 2. The cloth is put on roller A,
the paper on roller B; they are united by being passed through rollers, the
composition described below being fed in between, and the two combined are to be
wound up at D.
To make the combining composition I take,―
Of oxidized oil -
Of New Zealand gum
Of resin
This composition or cement I call No. 1.
Of this No. 1 cement I take
Ochre
..
cwt.
16
qra. iba
0
2 0
1009
3 18
16 lbs.
20
This compound, which I call No. 2, is mixed in a radial or other mixer, and a
small quantity, say, 2 lbs., of spirits of turpentine is added whilst mixing to soften it
slightly.
The composition for the face may be made as follows:-I make a cement
composed as follows:-
96 lbs. oxidized oil.
18 New Zealand gum.
">
resin.
Of this cement I take
Wood fibre
White lead
-
Wax and resin
Thick boiled oil
Bronze green
This composition I call No. 3.
24
"
48 lbs.
48
"
12
30
4
"
4
"
"
In place of printing the fabric whilst it is still upon the roller which carries it
when the raised pattern is produced, it may be conducted on to another roller by
means of endless chains or bands furnished with pins to hold the fabric so that it
may not lose its form in passing from one supporting surface to another. It is
essential to my Invention however that the fabric should be securely held in form
from the time that the raised pattern is produced until after it has been printed,
and the better way is to retain the fabric throughout on the same supporting
surface.
By another plan I make a sunken roller for each color, and I force a soft color
composition into such sunken forms, and clean the surface by means of a ducter.
I then transfer the said composition on to a sheet of fabric prepared with my oil
composition in an adhesive state, which takes the colored composition out of the
hollows of the color rollers.

page_text: Figure 3 is a transverse section of a machine for the production of a raised
pattern fabric by the application to the face of a plane surface of moulded pieces
of colored composition in the manner stated above.
A is an engraved roller having a sunken pattern. B is a plain surface roller
running at about the same, or preferably higher, surface speed than A, so as to force
the composition described below as No. 5 into the recesses of the roller. A
ductor at C having a reciprocating motion across the roller cuts off the superfluous
composition. A roll of compound fabric, as previously described, is fixed at D, and
this fabric passes between rollers E and F, where it receives a layer of composition,
described as No. 4. This composition being slightly adhesive when the fabric
reaches the nip between rollers A and E, the composition in the sunken recesses of
A is picked out and made to adhere to the plain surface, and as the two composi-
tions are colored differently, the effect is to produce the flat surface or ground work
of the design of a different color to the raised work.
The No. 4 or surface composition consists of,-
48 lbs. oxidised oil.
40
wood fibre.
"
12
white lead.
"
paraffin wax.
"
resin.
ور
"
bronze green.
The No. 5 or relief composition consists of,-
48 lbs. oxidized oil.
40
6
در
دو
33
wood fibre.
white lead.
hard boiled oil.
2
2
2
resin.
"
wax,
"
">
Venetian red.
Sufficient coal naptha or spirits of turpentine are added to make it about as soft
as putty, and as much wax also is added as will allow it to stick to the composition
on the surface, but not to adhere to the roller.
After the fabric leaves this machine it is hung in a stove at about 100 degrees
Fahrt, to harden before use.
In some cases I take a backing of woven fabric combined with paper, as is
described in the Specification of my Patent No. 5118, in the year 1879, and I print
with oil colors on the same in imitation of inlaid woods and the like. I indent
the surface with fine lines or sunk work, in any design, by means of a pattern in
relief on a brass or other roller. I print the same with surface blocks or rollers in
several colors in the same machine, and when the color becomes set and partially
dry, I cut off the superfluous color by means of a ductor or knife gauge, leaving
the color in the sunken design.
In order thus to produce work having the appearance of inlaid work I take a
roll of compound fabric and place it in the machine represented at Figure 4.
A indicates the rolls. A plain roller at B spreads the composition, before
described as No. 4, whilst the roller C, which has a design in relief upon it, imprints
the design as a sunken pattern into the surface of the composition. The fabric
then passes through a cooling chamber and to the printing rollers D, D, which
deposit color into the sunken lines. The printing rollers are such as are used for
paper staining, and are supplied with a good body of color so as to more than fill
the line recesses.
The fabric is afterwards taken into a heated drying room to partially harden, and
when the color has become sufficiently hard and cheesy, so that it will not smear,
the fabric is placed in a machine shown at Figure 5.
The fabric as taken from the drying room is placed on a roll A, and the end is
passed under a roller B, which is pressed against roller C by a spring behind the
bearings. The fabric then passes between rollers C and D; a slight pressure is

page_text: applied between rollers B and C, and between rollers C and D, enough only to keep
the fabric tight at E where the ductor F works. This ductor has a very sharp edge
and is made to traverse the roller with a reciprocating motion of about 500
strokes a minute. A little raw linseed oil is applied at the point of cutting to
perfectly clean off the superfluous paint. The result is a pattern inlaid in the
fabric.
In the production of embossed paper by machinery I make an embossing roller
of metal or other material, and I deposit color into the sunken part of such roller
by means of elastic color rollers; I then force into the sunken pattern a sheet of
paper, or paper coated or combined with solid oils or other materials, by means of a
counterpart roller, or a roller of elastic material. By this means I emboss and
print the paper or other fabric, as cloth, coated and stiffened with oil compounds in
the same machine.
Figure 6 is a transverse section of a machine for simultaneously embossing and
coloring paper or other fabric.
The roll of paper or other fabric, on which a layer of oxidized oil composition has
been spread, is placed at A. The fabric passes from it round the roller B. C is a
roller having the pattern sunk into it. The color is applied to the depressions in
the roller C by means of the elastic color rollers D and D, so that when the paper
passes between B and C it is forced into the depressions in the engraved roller C
and picks up the color. The paper or fabric then passes into a drying room. The
roller B may be a counterpart of C in metal, or it may be of slightly elastic
composition formed of solidified oil and wood fibre, made to adapt itself to the
roller C by being run against it until a pattern is formed as is well understood.
I also take paper or other fabric, and I emboss the same between embossing
rollers, counterparts the one of the other, and as the paper passes on the roller
having the raised pattern, I print the same by rollers, the surfaces of which are
slightly elastic to yield to the inequalities of surface.
The pattern or embossing rollers used in embossing or moulding the faces of fabrics
coated with oxidized oil compositions and other fabrics require to be quickly and
easily changed, and in order to do this I make the brass shells on which the pattern
is cut in the form of rings, which slide on to a mandrel fitted with a key to ensure
the right position of the ring being preserved. I can put several rings on one
mandrel, so that I can produce a great variety of patterns. For instance when I
need a dado with two borders, one on each side, I can change and vary the borders
in relation to the centres. I also vary the printing cylinders in the same way.
Figures 7 and 7B represent embossing rollers made with interchangeable rings
assembled on a mandrel in this manner.
Figure 7 shows a mandrel with loose shells adapted for making dadoes and the
like with varying borders. Figure 7 shows a mandrel with loose shells for rolling
various widths of picture mouldings.
In the production of borders for picture frames, furniture, and the like, which are
very narrow, I put 20 to 30 on one roller, and the fabric so embossed is cut in the
same machine into strips by means of circular knives fitted on to a shaft. The
knives are kept apart by means of washers the exact width of; the borders or
mouldings to be cut. In the same machine also I wind the mouldings so cut on to
Sinall wooden bobbins, which are slidden on to a revolving shaft.
The bobbins are
of the same width as the distance pieces placed between the circular knives. These
bobbins are so carried upon the shaft that they can slip as the shaft is made to
revolve slightly in excess speed of the cutting roller. This is requisite because the
mouldings being of various thickness slack would otherwise arise in some of the
windings. When these mouldings are wound each bobbin has a cardboard or metal
flange placed on each side of the bobbin to protect it.
Figure 8 represents the machine referred to above for making narrow borders.
The compound fabric previously described or stout paper is wound on the roll A.
B is a break roller, covered with wire card, and weighted to put an even strain on
the cloth, which then passes between the rollers C, C, to receive a layer of the

page_text: composition. The compound fabric then passes to the embossing roller D, which is
composed of a series of concentric rings, as shown in Figure 7B. It then passes
upward to two mandrels carrying circular knives marked E, E. The knives (of which
there are as many pair as there are widths of moulding) are kept apart by means
of little washers, the width of the mouldings, and thus the mouldings are cut exactly.
The mouldings thus cut pass immediately on to a mandrel which has also a number
of these bobbins or washers, the exact width of the mouldings. These bobbins are
alidden loosely on to the mandrel and not keyed, and they are tightened up by a
screw at the end, having a rubber washer to give spring pressure. The mandrel is
then driven by a slipping belt slightly in excess of the speed of the embossing
rollers, so that as the mouldings vary in thickness the slip will roll up those that
might otherwise get slack. There should be a distance of about 5 or 6 feet
between the embossing rollers and the cutting knives, and the fabric should pass
through a cooling chamber into which cold air is blown, otherwise the moulded
surfaces would be injured by the pressure in winding up.
The strip of mouldings may be rewound onto bobbins with flanges for the
purpose of storage and use.
To fix this ornamental border on to wood mouldings I use a machine in which
the bobbin is placed on a spindle above a narrow travelling table adjustable to any
angle. On this table I place the wood moulding. The glue for fixing is placed on
the moulding by means of an elastic piece of rubber fitted to the form of the
moulding and which spreads an even coat. The border is allowed to pass over this
prepared surface, and is pressed on to it by an india rubber or other elastic roller.
Figure 9 represents the machine referred to above for putting the mouldings on
to the wood. A is the roll of moulding; B is an iron roller; C is an iron roller
with a rubber face, the face being moulded to the form of the moulding to be put
The rubber faces can be changed for different forms of wood moulding. Dis
an india rubber wiper or gauge to put on the thick glue used for fixing. Figure 10
shows one method of using tubes for placing the mouldings into position
on.
until set.
To continue the pressure until the glue is set I place the mouldings immediately
after leaving the machine between boards, having spaces of two or more inches
between them. Into these spaces I insert long tubes of india rubber fastened at
both ends, and I force water or air at suitable temperature into them. I prefer
cold water to set the glue.
The arrangement is represented in section at Figure 10. A, A are the boards;
B, B, the mouldings, and C, C, the india rubber tubes to which cold water under
some pressure is admitted.
By another plan I continue the pressure by having an endless belt of india
rubber or other soft material to follow on the moulding until the glue is set, so that
the moulding issues from the machine complete.
This method is illustrated by Figure 11.
A, A, A, are pressing rollers; B, B, is an endless belt of india rubber about one
inch thick, or I prefer an endless tube filled with water, which is more elastic, and
which may be about 3 or 4 inches in diameter, according to the size of mouldings
manufactured. C is the india rubber ductor to put on the glue.
In rolling or embossing, especially where fine lines are used, there is always great
difficulty in preventing the material adhering to the rollers, and the difficulty is the
greater if the rollers be warm. I have succeeded in overcoming this by the use in
the composition of a small quantity of paraffin wax combined with soap or alone.
Most of the waxes have this quality, but I prefer paraffin wax to any other. When
using wax I can keep the embossing roller at a high temperature, thus ensuring a
fine finish and perfect sharpness of the outlines.
In using paraffin wax I find about 2 per cent. of the whole weight of composition
gives a good result, but it varies according to the more or less adhesiveness of the
composition, or the use the material is intended for.

page_text: If bees wax is used more is required, and Japan wax needs at least three times
as much as paraffin and then does not produce so good an effect.
I have found that castor oil reduced into a semi-solid condition by the evaporation
of its volatile constituents under bent can be used with great advantage, either
alone, or in combination with solidified linseed oil and gum, and in some cases I use
castor oil in its natural state combined with gum kaurie and solidified linseed oil,
the volatile constituents of the oil passing off during the combination under beat
of the main materials.
I make a composition of castor oil very suitable for panels in the following
manner I take 20 lbs. of castor oil and add to it 40 lbs. of kaurie gum chips, and
boil them together in a cauldron until thoroughly combined and the smell of the
gum is evaporated. If I want a very hard composition I mix this composition
with about equal weight of fibre and coloring matter, and then roll it into panels,
and in proportion as I want the panels more pliable I add solidified linseed oil to
the composition when in the cauldron or steam heated pan.
For the manufacture of panels for the decoration of furniture or small surfaces I
employ a set of three rollers of large diameter, say 24 to 30 inches. Two of these
these rollers are plain, and by them the composition is spread on the back fabric.
The other of these large rollers carries the dies (which are curved to the radius);
they are fixed so that they may be easily adjusted in position or removed.
number of these dies are fixed on the roller. Where, on account of the varying
form and size of dies, there is a space a blank form is put in.
Figure 12 represents this machine in section.
A
This
In working this machine the fabric at A is passed between the rollers B and C,
and a layer of composition spread on to it; it is then passed forward to D.
roller is shown separately at Figure 12A. A number of dies suitable for door panels,
finger plates, box tops, and the like are placed upon the roller; they can be fixed
either by sliding into grooves into the roller or they can be fastened by studs at the
back of the die, as shown at Figure 12. The shell of the roller is drilled full of
holes at equal distances to receive the studs, and the studs are screwed to receive
nuts at the back. Blank forms are put in in the same way to fill the spaces when
necessary.
In another arrangement I have one large roller working by means of a rack
motion in unison with a horizontal table, and the dies are fixed on such table in
the same way as I fix them on the roller aforementioned, only that the dies do not
need curving. I feed the material between the dies on the table and the roller
which works over it, passing a cloth or fabric over the roller.
Figure 13 represents a machine for working panels and like articles from flat
dies. The panel dies are placed on the table A, A. The roller B and table A are
made to travel in unison by means of a wheel on B working into a rack on each
side of the table A, A. The cloth is drawn from a roller at C, and the composition
is placed as shown between the cloth and the dies on the table. The table can be
steam heated, and the rolls driven by gears and steam power. Several dies can
be placed on the table in the same way as those fixed on to the cylinder in
Figure 12.
I apply to floor cloths the method of embossing or otherwise producing on the
surface of the fabric fine sunken lines wherever the printed pattern is to be placed.
I then print with oil color over the lined forms with superfluity of color, and when
the color is set and dry I remove the superfluous color by means of a ductor. The
paint is thus inlaid slightly beneath or even with the surface, producing fine effects
and rendering the color durable. I prefer to print by a roller machine. In place
of engraved lines a stippled surface may be produced deep enough to hold a
body of color.
In ornamenting floor cloth in this manner I proceed as follows:-
I take a jute canvass, such as is usually employed, and I place it on the roller A, of
Figure 4. The composition is spread between the rollers B and E, and then
receives the design from roller C, which has the pattern in raised lines. The pattern

page_text: is then printed on by the rollers D, D, a superfluity of color being used. The cloth
is next dried in a stove at a temperature of 100° Fahrt., and when sufficiently
dry not to smear the color is taken off with a ductor, as described in respect to
Figure 5.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I claim,-
First. The manufacture of an embossed and colored fabric by spreading a plastic
composition upon a suitable backing material, embossing or raising a pattern in
relief upon the plastic composition by means of a suitably engraved roller, and then,
whilst the compound fabric is still upon the surface which supported it when it
was embossed, printing color on to the embossed surface by means of printing
rollers so as to register accurately with the embossed or raised surface.
Second. The manufacture of an embossed and colored fabric by spreading a
plastic composition upon a suitable backing material, embossing or raising a pattern
in relief upon the plastic composition by means of a suitably engraved roller, and
then in the same machine, and whilst the compound fabric continues to be held
so that it cannot change its form, printing color on to the embossed surface by
means of printing rollers so as to register accurately with the embossed or raised
surface.
Third. In the conduct of the process set forth in the first and second claiming
clauses, causing the compound embossed fabric to be carried from the point where
the raised pattern is produced by the action of the embossing roller through a
cooling chamber, in which, by a current of air or other cooling means the composition
is cooled and hardened, to the printing roller or rollers by which the color is applied
to register accurately with the raised or embossed pattern.
Fourth. In the manufacture of an embossed and colored fabric the application of
a revolving and oscillating brush or roller travelling at the same speed as the
surface of the printed fabric to dab it and soften the outlines.
Fifth. The manufacture of an embossed and colored fabric by spreading a plastic
composition upon a suitable backing material, and afterwards producing a raised
pattern in colors upon this compound fabric by applying to it colored composition
by means of an engraved roller or rollers, the hollows of which have been previously
filled with such composition or compositions.
Sixth. The manufacture of an ornamental fabric from a woven fabric and paper
combined by a suitable composition, with which also the paper is surfaced; by
producing thereon an indented pattern, applying colored composition over it, and
finally removing the surplus composition so as to leave the color only in the lines
of the pattern.
Seventh. The means of simultaneously embossing and coloring paper or other
fabrics on which a layer of oxidized oil composition has been previously spread by
the use of an embossing roller, the sunken pattern of which is colored by means of
elastic color rollers, and into the hollows of which embossing roller so colored the
paper is afterwards forced.
Eighth. The method of embossing and printing paper consisting in passing paper
between a pair of embossing rollers, and whilst the embossed paper still remains on
the roller on which is the raised pattern applying color to the raised parts only of
the paper by means of elastic color rollers.
Ninth. The method of constructing embossing or pattern rollers by the use of
interchangeable rings and mandrel, such rings being capable of being arranged upon
the mandrel in different orders to form a variety of patterns.
Tenth. The machine, substantially as described, for the production of narrow
borders for picture frames, mouldings, and the like.
Eleventh. The machines, substantially as described, for attaching embossed
borders to wooden mouldings.
Twelfth. The combination of paraffin wax, or it may be other wax, with
compositions of oxidized or solidified oil, by which the compositions are prevented
from sticking to the rollers by which they are spread or embossed.

page_text: Thirteenth. The use in the manufacture of coated fabrics of a composition
consisting of castor oil reduced by evaporation to a semi-solid condition, and mixed
with other ingredients, substantially as described.
Fourteenth. The machines for the manufacture of panels, in which a number of
moveable dies corresponding to separate panels can be assembled upon the same
roller or carrying surface, substantially as described.
Fifteenth. The method of ornamenting floor cloth by producing thereon an
indented pattern, applying colored composition over it, and finally removing the
surplus composition so as to leave the color only in the lines of the pattern.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Walton, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty fifth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty.
FREDERICK WALTON. (L.S.)