THE MANUFACTURE OF CONCRETE SUBSTANCES OR PRODUCTS TO BE USED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR LYE OF JAVELLE
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Comte Thomas de Dienheim Brochocki, of the Firm
Thomas D. Brochocki and Co., of Boulogne-sur-Seine (France), for the Invention
of "THE MANUFACTURE OF CONCRETE SUBSTANCES OR PRODUCTS TO BE USED
AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR LYE OF JAVELLE."
Sealed the 28th March 1877, and dated the 20th November 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Comte Thomas de Dienheim
Brochocki at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th November
1876.
Comte THOMAS DE DIENHEIM BROCHOCKI, of the Firm Thomas D. Brochocki
and Co., of Boulogne-sur-Seine (France). "THE MANUFACTURE OF CONCRETE
SUBSTANCES OR PRODUCTS TO BE USED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR LYE OF JAVELLE."
Alkaline hypochlorites in a liquid condition, which have received various names,
such as lye of Javelle or Labarraque liquor, are considered perfect as bleaching
materials.
This Invention relates to the preparation of these substances in a solid condition,
either crystallised, or granular, or in cake, in the following manner:-An alkaline
lye of soda or potass is cooled, and through it is passed a current of chlorine gas
previously cooled and washed in cold water until the lye becomes almost completely
saturated, being kept cool throughout the operation. At the end of about 24 hours
there is obtained a crystallised product possessing powerful bleaching properties.
The mother liquor concentrated by evaporation in vacuo being again cooled will
furnish an additional quantity of the crystals.
Another method is to pass a current of chlorine over a thin layer of alkaline
carbonate spread over surfaces kept cold in a close vessel. The chlorine issuing
from this vessel is passed through a very strong lye of oxide of the same alkali as
that in the carbonate, and this lye kept constantly cool readily absorbs the chlorine,
producing hypochlorite. By a lateral opening that can be hermetically closed fresh
quantities of carbonate are introduced into the first vessel from time to time when
the solution therein is supposed to be nearly saturated, and thus the risk of decom-
position is avoided. The liquid hypochlorite produced in the second vessel being
mixed with the partially saturated carbonate in the first there is obtained a new
product, which is solid and crystalline, the carbonate taking up the water of the

page_text: hypochlorite solution so as to fix the hypochloric acid in a solid form and in quantity
depending on the proportions in which the liquid hypochlorite and the partially
saturated carbonate are mixed together.
For the purpose of solidifying the hypochlorite solution the carbonate may be
used without being in the first place exposed to chlorine, and other substances
may be employed for the same purpose, but in such cases the product is less strong
in chlorine.
The concrete product obtained by either of the methods above described is
white in colour, but may be coloured as desired. It retains its bleaching properties
longer than any of the liquid hypochlorites. It may be prepared for commerce in
the condition of a granular salt by merely agitating the solution, when it becomes
pasty, or in cakes by running the pasty mass into moulds, and allowing it to solidify
at low temperature. It can be easily packed and transported, as in the solid con-
dition it does not affect metals nor organic substances. For use it is dissolved in
cold water with facility.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Comte Thomas de Dienheim Brochocki in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 28th April 1877.
Comte THOMAS DE DIENHEIM BROCHOCKI, of the Firm Thomas D. Brochocki
and Co., of Boulogne-sur-Seine (France). "THE MANUFACTURE OF CONCRETE
SUBSTANCES OR PRODUCTS TO BE USED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR LYE OF JAVELLE."
Alkaline hypochlorites in a liquid condition, which have received various names,
such as lye of Javelle or Labarraque liquor, are considered perfect as bleaching
materials.
This Invention relates to the preparation of these substances in a solid condition,
either crystallised, or granular, or in cake, in the following manner:-A concen-
trated alkaline lye of soda or potass is cooled, and through it is passed a current of
chlorine gas previously cooled and washed in cold water until the lye becomes
almost completely saturated, being kept cool throughout the operation by the
immersion of the vessels employed in a bath of water, which is kept at a low tem-
perature, not exceeding 50° Fahr. At the end of about 24 hours there is obtained
a crystallised product possessing powerful bleaching properties. The mother liquor
concentrated by evaporation in vacuo being again cooled will furnish an additional
quantity of the crystals.
Another method is to pass a current of chlorine over a thin layer of alkaline
carbonate, spread over surfaces kept cold in a close vessel. The chlorine issuing
from this vessel is passed through a very strong lye of oxide of the same alkali as
that in the carbonate, and this lye kept constantly cool readily absorbs the chlorine,
producing hypochlorite. By a lateral opening that can be hermetically closed fresh
quantities of carbonate are introduced into the first vessel from time to time when
the material therein is supposed to be nearly saturated, and thus the risk of decom-
position is avoided. The liquid hypochlorite produced in the second vessel being
mixed with the partially saturated carbonate in the first there is obtained a new
product, which is solid and crystalline, the carbonate taking up the water of the
hypochlorite solution, so as to fix the hypochloric acid in a solid form and in
quantity depending on the proportions in which the liquid hypochlorite and the
partially saturated carbonate are mixed together.
For the purpose of solidifying the bypochlorite solution the carbonate may be
used without being in the first place exposed to chlorine, and other substances that
take up water may be employed for the same purpose, but in such cases the product
is less strong in chlorine.
The concrete product obtained by either of the methods above described is white

page_text: .in colour, but may be coloured as desired. It retains its bleaching properties longer
than any of the liquid hypochlorites. It may be prepared for commerce in the
condition of a granular salt by merely agitating the solution, when it becomes pasty,
or in cakes by running the pasty mass into moulds and allowing it to solidify at a
low temperature, the inould, being for that purpose iced. It can be easily packed
and transported, as in the solid condition it does not affect metals nor organic
substances. For use it is dissolved in cold water with facility.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, I claim,--
First. The manufacture of alkaline hypochlorite bleaching material in concrete
form by passing chlorine through concentrated alkaline lye maintained at a low
temperature, and continuing the treatment until crystals of the said hypochlorite are
produced, substantially as herein described.
Second. The manufacture of concrete bleaching material by passing chlorine
through concentrated alkaline lye till an alkaline hypochlorite is obtained in solution,
and solidifying the same by the addition of the alkaline carbonate, substantially as
herein described.
Third. In manufacturing concrete bleaching material by the method referred to
in the preceding claim, the use for solidifying the hypochlorite solution of alkaline
carbonate which has previously been exposed in a thin layer to the action of chlorine,
substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Comte Thomas de Dienheim Brochocki, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight-hundred and seventy-seven.
CT. THOMAS DE DIENHEIM BROCHOCKI. (L.S.)
Witness,
CH. ARMENGAUD, J³.,
Civil Engineer,
Boulevard de Strasbourg, 23,
Paris.