IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO CERTAIN MACHINES EMPLOYED IN THE SLUBBING, ROVING, OR PREPARING TO BE SPUN OF COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, AND
Year: 1845

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, CHARLES
HAGUE, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Brass Founder, and WILLIAM
MADELEY, of Manchester, in the said County, Machine Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, did, by Her
Letters Patent, under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Nineteenth day of June, in the
eighth year of Her reign, give and grant unto us, our exors, adñors, and
assigns, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that we,
the said Charles Hague and William Madeley, our exors, admors and assigns,
should and lawfully might, during the term of fourteen years therein mentioned,
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, our Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO
CERTAIN MACHINES EMPLOYED IN THE SLUBBING, ROVING, OR PREPARING TO BE SPUN
OF COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, AND AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR
LUBRICATING SHAFTS AND BEARINGS OF OR IN SUCH MACHINES FOR THE PURPOSE OF
REDUCING FRICTION, AND WHICH APPARATUS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER SHAFTING
AND MACHINERY;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that
if we, the said Charles Hague and William Madeley, should not particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under our hands
and seals, and cause the same to be enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court

page_text: of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent, that then the said Letters Patent, and all liberties
and advantages whatsoever thereby granted, should utterly cease, determine,
and become void, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will
more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
Charles Hague and William Madeley, do hereby declare that the nature of our
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are par-
ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement and
description, reference-being-had-to-the-Drawings on two -Sheets hereunto
annexed, the several Figures in which are drawn to such scales as are expressed
on the said Sheets of. Drawings.: Where the same letters or numbers of refer-
ence occur in several Figures they denote the same part in each!
Our Invention may for more convenient description and reference be divided
into three principal parts: the first, consisting of improvements in and appli-
cable to machines of the description commonly called bobbin and fly roving
frames; the second, of improvements in or applicable to machines of the
description commonly tube roving frames, or dyers' tube frames; and
the third, of an improved lubricating, apparatus.
The first part of our
r
Said
Invention comprises five distinct improvements;
the first four of which are shewn in the Drawings, Figures 1 to 5, both
inclusive, and the fifth of which is shewn in the Drawings, Figures 6 to 10,
both inclusive. Figure 1 is a back elevation; and Figure 2, a plan of parts of
a bobbin and fly roving frame (herein-after termed for brevity, a fly frame);
and Figures 3, 4, and 5, represent detached parts of the same machine. For
the sake of distinctness it will be convenient to describe several parts of the
fly frame now in use, and which form no part of our Invention. A is the.
copping rail of a fly frame, and is traversed up and down by a pinion a, fixed
on the shaft B, and working into the rack b, which moves up and down in a
slide in the usual manner, and is connected with the copping rail by a joint
formed by the stud c passing through the upper end of the rack and through
the two arms of the fixing d, fastened to the copping rail. In machines of this
description, as ordinarily constructed, the rack and the fixing by which it is
attached to the copping rail form one entire piece, which is liable to be strained
or bent should any irregularity occur in the fitting or working of this part of
the machine; and this is avoided by the introduction of the joint described,
which admits of the necessary play and adaptation to any slight irregularity;
and the use and introduction of a joint for that purpose forms one of our
improvements. C is a slot plate fastened by a bracket to the copping rail,

page_text: and which as that is 'raised or lowered raises or lowers the stud e, fastened to
the rack D; which we call the tapering rack, because it forms part of the
mechanism for giving the tapering form to each end of the bobbin. One end
of this stud passes through the slot in the plate C, and the other moves in a
slot in the lever E, which we call the tapering lever. This lever turns on a
socket attached to the fixing F, fastened to the cross rail G. Attached to this
lever are the chains f and g, and set screws h and h¹. To each of the chains
f and ġ is attached a wire, having a shoulder on its upper end, as shewn in
Figure 1. Each wire passes through a hole in the reversing lever H, and to
these wires the weights f¹ and g' are respectively attached. I is a shaft we call the
ratchet shaft, on which are fixed the ratchet wheel i, the bevil wheels m and n,
and the pulley o. The chain, carrying the weight J, is fastened to and wound
round the pulley o. k, and 7 (shewn in plan in Figure 5), are two clicks, each
of which at one end moves on a stud, and at the other end has a set screw. The
heads of these screws are made to bear against the opposite sides of the lower
end of the reversing lever H by a spiral spring p. The clicks are so formed
that when a tooth of the ratchet wheel rests against the projection in the
inner side of either click, the projection on the other click will be opposite to
the middle of a tooth. As the copping rail is lowered in working the slot
plate C, will lower the stud e and the end of the tapering lever E connected
with it. At the same time the chain fand set screw h will also be lowered,
and the screw pressing on the tail of the catch q will raise the catch out of the
notch in the semi-circular part of the reversing lever in which it was previously
held by the spiral spring r attached to it, and will thus liberate the reversing
lever, which turns upon the stud S. The chain f being lowered, and the
shoulder on the wire preventing its passing through the hole in the reversing
lever, the weight f¹ will depend upon the lever by means of the shoulder on
the wire, and the reversing lever being at liberty to vibrate, its weighted end
will sink until the other notch in its semicircular part is brought under the
catch q', which will then be drawn into it by its connected spiral spring r³, and
arrest the movement of the reversing lever. When the reversing lever is
vibrating, the clicks k and I, which bear against it, will move with it, and in so
doing the projection of that click against which the tooth in the ratchet wheel i
rested will be withdrawn and the tooth of the ratchet wheel liberated. The
chain j being drawn forward by the weight J will turn the ratchet shaft I
until its further progress is prevented by the projection on the other click
arresting the tooth of the ratchet wheel next to it, and the projection on the
first click will then be opposite to the middle of a tooth, the ratchet wheel only
being allowed to move half a tooth at each vibration of the reversing lever

page_text: The lower end of the reversing lever also moves the rod K attached to it,
which rod, acting on the geering commonly applied to fly frames for such
purpose, causes the motion of the shaft B to be reversed.
Having described the movements consequent on the lowering of the coppingrail,
it will be obvious that when the copping rail is raised the slot plate C will raise
the stud e, and by so doing will throw the chain g out of tension, and will cause
the weight g¹, by means of the shoulder on the wire attached to that chain, to
depend on the corresponding end of the reversing lever H and the set screw h',
so to act on the catch q¹ and reversing lever H as to cause the position of that
lever to be changed, by means of which the clicks k and I are made to move in
the contrary direction to their former movement and allow the ratchet shaft
to turn another half tooth of the ratchet wheel, and at the same time the.
motion of the shaft B is again reversed, and these alternate movements are
continued until the bobbins are filled. As the ratchet shaft I is turned the
bevil wheels m and n fastened on it turn with it and communicate motion to
the bevil wheels t and u, with which they geer respectively.
The wheel t,
which geers with the wheel m, is fastened on a shaft, on the other end of
which the pinion v is fastened, so that as the bevil wheel t is turned, the shaft on
which it and the pinion v are fixed is also turned, and the pinion v working into the
teeth of the tapering rack D, on which the stud e is fastened, moves the stud e
progressively nearer to the pinion v, by which means the slot plate C acts at
shorter intervals each successive time the copping rail A is raised or lowered
on the stud e, and thereby the range of the traverse motion of the copping
rail is progressively diminished, and the bobbins are consequently tapered at
each end. The contrivance of moving the stud e by a motion obtained from
the ratchet shaft I and conveyed to the stud by the bevil wheels m and t,
the pinion v, and the rack D, forms another of our improvements.
The bevil wheel n geers with the bevil wheel u which is fastened on the
screw L and turns it round. On this screw the nut w works, having a
tail piece (seen in Figure 2),. the end of which slides in a groove in the
plate M. To the tail piece of the nut w is attached the rod x, which
at its other end is fastened to the slide N, which moves on the frame O
fastened to the roller beam of the fly frame or other machine of like nature.
As the screw L is turned, the nut w, being prevented turning with it by its
tail piece in the grooved plate M, is gradually drawn nearer to the bevil
wheel, and impels forward the rod a and slide N which supports the
tightening lever P and moves it and the strap pulley P', by which the required
traverse motion is given to the strap
purpose of which are well known.
which drives the cone Q, the use and
In machines of this description, as

page_text: ordinarily constructed, one side of the slide N is supported on the shaft R,
commonly called the grooved shaft, and the other side of the slide is supported
on the edge of the roller beam of the machine. This arrangement is objec-
tionable on account of the strain and friction thereby thrown on the grooved
shaft, and from which it is entirely relieved by the slide N being supported
and moving on the frame O, and this contrivance forms another part of our
improvements.
The screw L is applied and used by us for the purpose of imparting motion
through the means of the nut w and rod a to the slide N, in substitution for
the rack ordinarily used in similar machines for that purpose; the advantage
of the screw being that it requires for its action no greater space than its own
length, whilst the rack having a traversing motion lengthways requires much
greater space, and the application accordingly of this screw forms another
part of our improvements.
Figure 6 is an elevation of a spindle and fly used in fly frames with our
improvements attached; the spindle is shewn with a bobbin thereon. Figure 7
is a section of the same, taken at the red line in Figure 6. Figure 8 is a side
view of a portion of the same; and Figures 9 and 10 represent detached parts
thereof. S is the tubular leg of the fly, on which is fastened the pin y and
the fixing 2. 1 is a small shaft which moves in the fixing z. This shaft,
which is shewn detached at Figure 9, is made square at each end, and in the
middle has a portion cut out in which the pin 2 is fixed. On the square of
the lower end of this shaft the presser T is placed, and is held on by a pin or
other suitable fastening. On that end of the presser attached to the shaft are
two projections, best seen in Figure 10. The inner projection must be of
such length as to prevent the spring U, herein-after described, from forcing
the other end of the presser against the spindle of the fly, when the barrel is
taken away, but to allow it to press on the barrel when upon the spindle. The
outer projection must be of such length as to prevent the presser from being
forced outward much further than is required for the easy removal of the
bobbin, so as to avoid any unnecessary strain on the spring. The spring U
we make of flat steel about one quarter of an inch broad, and of similar
description to that employed for watch springs, and is of sufficient length to
coil five or six times round the shaft 1. This spring may, instead of being flat,
be made round or of other form, and may be coiled either in successive coils
overlaying each other, which we prefer, or spirally around and having all the
coils in contact with the shaft 1, and may be made of any required size or
strength. One end of this spring is hooked on the pin y and the other on the
pin 2. When the spring is hooked on the pin 2 the shaft 1 must be turned

page_text: round two or three turns, which can readily be done with a key made to fit
the square on its upper end. The other end of the spring should then
be hooked to the pin y, when the shaft should be further turned till the
spring by being coiled around it attains the force required to act upon the
presser T; when this is done the presser should be fixed on the lower square
of the shaft, and will thereby be subjected to the action of the spring, by
which it will be pressed against the bobbin. The spring here described is
much lighter than those ordinarily used for the like purpose, and by its superior
elasticity allows the presser to bear with more uniform force on the bobbin
during its progressive increase in diameter.
In describing the second part of our Invention we shall have reference to
Figure 11 of the Drawings. In this Figure it will be seen that some of the parts
shewn are drawn in elevation and some in section. V is the beam on which the
bobbin-stands of a tube-roving frame are fastened. W is a bearer, in the step of
which the shaft X of the fluted boss Y revolves; as this boss revolves it gives
motion to the barrel Z, which, with whatever roving may be lapped upon it, rests
upon the boss. The barrel Z revolves on the spindle 3, which moves in the slot 4
in the bobbin-stand 5. 6 is the tube through which the roving passes, and which
revolves in its stand 7; this stand is fastened on the spindle 8, which rests and is
moveable in suitable bearings fixed on the tube stand rail 9. 10 is a stationary
rod extending the whole length of the frame, and is supported in fixings attached
to the tube stand rail 9; this rod must be so fixed that when the moveable
catch 11 rests upon it the end or nose of the tube through which the roving is
delivered to the barrel may be brought as near as practicable to the point
where the barrel Z or the roving thereon, impinges on the boss Y, but so as
not to rest or bear against either of them. The slot 4, which in the frames
commonly made is perpendicular, must incline outwards at such an angle that
as the bobbin is being formed the outer surface of it will preserve as nearly as
may be the same relative position to the tube and boss during the whole
progress of its formation. At the commencement of forming a bobbin the
roving is drawn through the tube 6, and passed between the barrel Z and the
boss Y; the end of the roving is lapped on the barrel, and the frame being set
in motion the boss in revolving turns the barrel round and causes the roving
to be lapped upon it, and as the end of the tube is brought as before described
near to the point when the boss and the barrel or partially formed bobbin
come in contact, the roving is immediately laid hold of and lapped on the barrel
or partially formed bobbin, and we are thereby enabled to dispense with the
pressure used for pressing the roving on the barrel or partially formed bobbin
when the roving is delivered at the top of the barrel or partially formed bobbin

page_text: as heretofore done, and which subjected the roving to be injured by the action
of the presser.
As the end of the tube preserves the same position with
reference to the boss throughout the formation of a bobbin, we are also enabled
to dispense with the apparatus heretofore used for lifting the tubes, as their
position required to be varied during the progress of the formation of the
bobbins. The means by which motion is communicated to the boss and other
well-known parts of a tube-roving frame, connected with those we have
described, are well known and need not be further adverted to.
In describing the third part of our Invention we shall have reference to
Figures 12 and 13 of the Drawings. Figure 12 is an elevation of our.lubri-
cating apparatus, and Figure 13 is a section of parts of the same. 12' (Figures
12 and 13) is a vessel to contain the oil or other liquid lubricating matter, at
the lower end of which is a screw to attach it to any suitable fixing where the
lubricating matter may be required; this vessel terminates in a tube 13', which
projects upwards into the vessel, and in which the lower end of the rod of the
piston 14 works, and down which the lubricating matter passes at intervals.
The upward projection of the tube within the vessel allows any sediment or dirt
which may be in the lubricating matter to settle at the bottom of the vessel
without entering into the tube 13. 15 is a cover which may be attached to
the vessel by a screw or other contrivance; on one side of this cover the
standard 16 is attached, and on the opposite side. the standard 17.
18 is a
lever which moves on a stud 19; on the upper end of this lever is a dog 20,
the point of which rests on a tooth in the ratchet wheel 21. This wheel is
fixed on a stud 22, which passes through the standard 16, beyond which and
on the same stud 22, a small pinion is fixed, (shewn in Figure 12 by dotted
lines), which geers with and drives the wheel 23 fixed on a shaft 24, which
extends from the standard 16 to the standard 17, and rotates in suitable
bearings therein. 25. is a tumbler, with a socket which turns loose on the shaft
24. 26 is another shaft which moves in suitable bearings in the standards 16
and 17; in this shaft the pins 27 and 28 are fixed. The rod of the piston 14
passes through a hole in the cover, which hole should be made so much larger
in diameter than the rod as to permit the entrance of the air, which, acting on
the lubricating matter, forces it through the tube when the piston is raised,
as herein-after described. The piston rests on the top of the tube 13', to which
it should be accurately fitted, so as to form a valve which, when closed, pre-
vents the lubricating matter from passing down the tube; in the upper end of
the piston rod is a slot for the pin 28 to enter into. 29 is the shaft to be
lubricated, and which, as it rotates, causes the pin 30 fixed in it to move the
lever 18, and by the dog 20 to force the ratchet wheel 21 forward one tooth,

page_text: the catch 31 preventing it returning; as this ratchet wheel revolves the pinion
fixed on the same shaft revolves also and drives the wheel 23. At each revo-
lution of this wheel the pin 32, which projects from-it, raises the tumbler 25
until it is carried beyond the perpendicular, when it falls downward by its own
gravity, and in so doing strikes the pin 27 and moves it and the shaft 26 and
pin 28, which raises the piston 14 and allows a portion of the lubricating
matter to escape down the tube 13' before the piston falls down again, which
it will do immediately by its own gravity. To admit of the escape of the
lubricating matter, the end of the piston rod which works in the tube is turned
smaller than the diameter of the tube; the piston rod in descending draws
down the pin 28 and thereby turns back the shaft 26 and pin 27 to their
former position; the force which the tumbler acquires in its descent carries it
past the pin 27, when its force being expended it descends again upon the other
side of that pin 27, and tends more perfectly to force down the piston should
any accidental obstruction have impeded its descent, and thereby to prevent
any further escape of the lubricating matter. It will be obvious, that the
distance of time which elapses between the escape of one portion of the
lubricating matter and another will depend upon the time taken to complete
a revolution of the wheel 23, which, by its pin 32, raises the tumbler 25,
and it will be equally obvious that this will vary with the speed at
which the shaft rotates, and that by varying the number of teeth in
the wheels, or by adding another wheel and pinion the time of revo-
lution of the wheel 23 may be varied and adjusted to any required rate.
Various other modifications and alterations in the form and construction
of the vessel, and of the mechanism for permitting or staying the escape
of the lubricating matter, will readily suggest themselves to, and may be applied
by, any competent mechanic. The lubricating apparatus described by us,
it is evident, is applicable to the lubrication of the parts requiring it of any
machinery, whether employed in the slubbing, roving, or preparing of cotton
or other fibrous substances, or for other purposes, and will be applied without
difficulty by any person conversant with the particúlar machine to which such
application may be desired. Although we have described our lubricating
apparatus as applied to a revolving shaft, yet it may easily be adapted to any
other moving part of mechanism the motion of which may cause the lever 18
to be acted on at intervals, and such adaptation will be readily effected by any
mechanic.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, we declare that we claim as of our
Invention,

page_text: First, the application and use of a joint for connecting the rack (b, Figure 1)
with the copping rail, as herein-before described, and which joint may be of
any convenient form.
Secondly, the application and use of the frame O (Figures 1 and 2), or other
suitable bearing, for supporting the slide N, without allowing it to bear on the
grooved shaft.
Thirdly, the application and use of a screw for impelling the slide N along
the bearings on which it is supported and moves, as herein-before described,
and which we claim, whether the slide be supported on such a frame or bearing
as we have described and claimed, or otherwise.
Fourthly, the contrivance of imparting the required progressive motion to
the stud (e, Figures 1, 2, and 4,) from the ratchet shaft I, by means of inter-
vening geering, which geering, as used by us, consists of the wheels m and t,
pinion v, and rack D, Figures 1 and 4. But we do not confine ourselves to
that particular geering, such geering being capable of various substitutions and
modifications without departing from the substance of our said contrivance,
which consists in imparting the required motion to the stud from the ratchet
shaft by any suitable geering.
Fifthly, the contrivance of giving action to the presser of the fly by means
of a coiled spring of the nature herein-before described.
Sixthly, the arrangement and adaptation of the parts of a tube-roving
machine herein-before referred to, in such manner as to cause the roving to
be delivered from the tube between the boss and the barrel, or partially formed
bobbin, near to their point of contact, and which we claim as of our Invention,
however such arrangement or adaptation may be modified or varied from that
described by us.
And seventhly, the combination, arrangement, and application of apparatus
for lubricating shafts, bearings, and other parts of machinery, so that a lever
(18, Figure 12) or other mechanical equivalent may receive occasional
motion from the shaft, or other moving part which, or the bearing of which,
requires lubrication, and may, through the intervention of suitable mechanism,
cause the lubricating matter contained in the vessel 12, or other suitable vessel,
to be allowed to flow or drop to or upon such shaft, moving part, or bearing, at
intervals regulated by the revolutions or other movements of the shaft or other
moving part to which, or to the bearing of which, such apparatus may be applied,
and our apparatus for which purpose we have herein-before described with
reference to Figures 12 and 13 in the Drawings; but we do not confine our-
selves to the particular apparatus so described, as the same is capable of

page_text: various alterations and modifications, without departing from the general plan
and object of this part of our. Invention, as here stated.
In witness whereof, we, the said Charles Hague and William Madeley,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Eighteenth day of December,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-five.