IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC LIGHTING APPARATUS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Tom Ernest Gatehouse, of Camberwell, in the County
of Surrey, Electrician, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC
LIGHTING APPARATUS."
"
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Tom Ernest Gatehouse at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th November 1879.
TOM ERNEST GATEHOUSE, of Camberwell, in the County of Surrey, Electrician.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC LIGHTING APPARATUS."
This Invention relates to certain peculiar constructions & arrangements of
automatic carbon candle holders, & of carbon candles (to be used with one of such
arrangements) for electric lighting purposes, whereby (according to one arrange-
ment) any number of candles may be introduced & automatically put in circuit
& ignited successively, thus enabling the apparatus to be kept alight for any
required length of time without further attention. It is also proposed to provide
means for automatically lighting any of the carbon candles at first starting, & for
re-lighting such as may have become accidentally extinguished. As regards my
improvements in automatic carbon candle holders my Invention consist according
to one arrangement in the employment of an axle mounted between standards. On
this axle near the middle there is a metal disc in whose periphery a number of
holes are provided for the purpose of holding carbon rods. Near this and on the
same axle there is another disc of wood, ebonite, or other insulating material, and
on this disc are mounted a series of carbon holders separated from each other, and
corresponding in number to the slots or holes in the first mentioned disc; these hold
another set of carbon rods. When completely fitted with carbons the apparatus
has the form of a wheel with spokes. At one end of the axle & outside the
standard is a milled head, at the other end of the axle a spring or weight.
Another or controlling disc having pins on its periphery corresponding in number to
the separate candles or each pair of carbons is mounted on the said axle. From the
carbons in the first disc to the corresponding pins in the controlling disc are pieces
of wire, thread, or other material. Now if the axle be rotated two or three times
the spring or weight will be wound up, so that when released the tendency of the
apparatus would be to turn itself back again or unwind, but this is prevented by
[Pavice 81

page_text: an adjustable stop pin which catches against the threads attached to each candle.
A contact piece attached to one of the standards, but electrically insulated from it,
makes connection with the carbon holders attached to the wooden disc. The
apparatus having been wound up & in a state of tension, if a current of electricity
from an alternating current magneto electric machine be passed through it, the
circuit will be by way of the said contact piece through the particular candle
(joined at the top if desired with some conducting substance) which is in contact
with it, & thence to the standard which is in connection with the return wire
of the circuit. The candle is lighted up & continues burning until the electric
arc reaches the thread communicating with the controlling disc, which thread is
immediately fuzed; this liberates the spring or weight & throws the next candle
in circuit with the contact piece. This second candle is lighted up and burns
away as in the first case until it reaches the thread, which is fuzed & again
liberates the spring or weight, bringing a third candle into the circuit, & so on
until all are consumed. Instead of joining my candles at the top I can ignite
the carbons or relight them if necessary by attaching to my apparatus an electro-
magnet of fine wire (forming a shunt to the main circuit), the armature of which
when the current is sent through the apparatus strikes a blow on one carbon
which shall force it in contact with the other, & so establish the light.
desired the carbons may all be disposed parallel to each other, being fixed vertically
to a horizontal revolving disc, or horizontally to a vertical revolving disc. In
place of using separate carbons the above described apparatus may be adapted
for use with the Werdermann or Jablochkoff candles.
If
According to another arrangement of automatic holder for carbon candles (in
which arrangement I use carbon candles of a curvilinear form) I employ a rotary
spindle mounted in standards & carrying two socket arms insulated from each
other, into which arms I insert two carbons of a curvilinear form placed side by
side, & forming part of a circle or ring concentric or thereabout with the spindle.
On the same spindle there is mounted a controlling disc arranged somewhat similar
to the disc in the first described arrangement, such disc being provided with two
or more pins, to which pins loops of thread or wire from the carbons are attached,
as in the first arrangement. The spindle with its sockets, curvilinear carbons, &
controlling disc and pins is rotated by hand to a certain degree in order to wind up
an actuating spring or weight, as before described, & is held in position by a stop
pin, the carbon candle being released at intervals as the loops of thread or wire are
fused. Electric contact is maintained at any suitable distance from the carbon
points by means of rubbing springs or other well known contrivances.
According to another arrangement of automatic holder for a single candle
whereby the feed is rendered self-acting, I mount the candle in a socket connected
by a cord & weight passing over a pulley, the candle passing up between contact
guide rollers, & being connected by a thread or wire to the before mentioned cord
& weight in such a manner as to check or control the descent of the weight.
When the candle has burned down to the said thread or wire it fuses the same,
& the weight being released draws up the remaining lenght of candle.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Tom Ernest Gatehouse in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 25th
May 1880.
TOM ERNEST GATEHOUSE, of Camberwell, in the County of Surrey, Electrician.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC LIGHTING APPARATUS."
My said Invention relates to certain peculiar combinations and arrangements of
parts constituting automatic carbon candle holders for electric lighting purposes,
applicable to those electric candles wherein two carbon rods are employed, placed
parallel to each other without insulating material between them, as well as to what
is known as the Jablochkoff candle and others of like character, wherein the two
parallel carbons are separated by insulating material which consumes along with
them. The object of my Invention is to enable any number of candles of either of
these systems to be introduced into a lamp, and automatically put in circuit, ignited
successively, and re-ignited when requisite, which I accomplish by self acting
arrangements of a more simple character, and which are less liable to derangement
than those heretofore proposed for the purposes above referred to.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose shall refer to
the several Figures on the explanatory sheets of drawings hereunto annexed, the
same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts in all the corresponding
Figures.
Figure 1 (Sheet 1) of my Drawings is a front elevation, and Figure 2 a
corresponding sectional elevation looking at right angles to Figure 1 of one of my
arrangements of automatic carbon candle holder, adapted for receiving radially
disposed candles, and which I shall now proceed to describe. 1 is a horizontal axle
mounted between two standards 2, 2, attached to which axle is a metal disc a
carrying a number of carbon holders d (in this example 12) for the reception of the
radial carbon rods c, each of the said holders d being capable of oscillating on a
pivot or fulcrum, as shown clearly in Figure 2, for the purpose hereinafter specified.
I prefer to mount the carbons on their holders by means of a tubular socket piece
attached to the bottom of the carbon and fitting over a pin in the holder d.
Bolted to the metal disc a there is another disc b of wood, ebonite, or other
insulating material, and to this second disc are fixed the separate carbon holders d'
for the reception of another set of radial carbon rods c².
Attached to the axle and to one of the standards there is fitted a spring e, and at
the other end of the axle a key can be applied for the purpose of turning the said
axle or discs round twice or thrice, and thus winding up the apparatus to a state
of tension. If now the key be released the apparatus will tend to revolve of itself
in the reverse direction, but it is held in tension by the following arrangement :—
Attached to each of the carbon holders d¹ there is a pin or rod f from which a piece
of wire thread or other suitable material g forming stops is carried to the
corresponding pair of carbon rods. These threads or stops catch against the
adjustable catch lever h which is mounted on a pillar on one of the standards 2,
but electrically insulated therefrom. Attached to the pillar or support of the said
stop is a contact piece or spring which establishes connection between the
respective separate carbon holders d' and a terminal on the base of the apparatus,
to which terminal a conducting wire of a magneto-electric machine is attached,
the other conducting wire of the said magneto-electric machine being attached
to either of the standards. The said apparatus, as shown in my Drawings, is
supposed to be in a state of tension and held in position by one of the wires or
threads g bearing against the catch lever h, the points of the carbon rods c,
having already been pressed together and held in contact by means of a conducting
cement or a small cap of thin metal if desired. Now if a current of electricity be
Cl

page_text: passed through the apparatus it will travel from the terminal, to which a wire from
the machine is attached, through the contact piece k and corresponding carbon
holder d up the carbon rod c¹, and down the corresponding rod c to the disc a and
axle 1, and so on to the standard 2, to which the other wire of the machine is
connected. The passage of the current ignites the candle, the ends of the carbon rods
spring asunder, and the electric arc is established and continues burning until it
reaches the thread or stop g, which is instantly fuzed or partially destroyed. This
allows the spring e to act, and another candle is immediately brought into the
position of the one consumed, and is set alight before the first is actually
extinguished, owing to the fact that the contact piece k is made to touch the second
carbon holder before it has actually left the first, so that by this means a momentary
extinction eren of the light is avoided, as the circuit is not broken. This second
candle is consumed in the same manner as above described, until it reaches its
thread or wire g, which on being fuzed allows the third candle to come up, and so
on until all are consumed. In lieu of joining or holding together the carbon points,
as herein before described, I can also establish momentary contact between them by
means of the electro magnet M, which is used for the purpose of relighting any
candle which may have become accidentally extinguished before it has burned down
to the thread or stop g. This electro magnet forms what is called a shunted circuit
to that of the main current passing through the carbons, and its armature A is
entirely separate and distinct from the holders d. If a candle should go out the
whole of the current would necessarily pass through the electro magnet M, and the
armature A would consequently be attracted, pulling down the rod L' and causing
the adjustable lever L' to impart a smart blow to the side of the carbon c, the
holder of which is pivotted either on a centre or on a knife edge as shown. This
carbon rod c would therefore be brought into momentary contact at its upper end
with its corresponding carbon c¹, and the electric arc re-established. If the carbon
rods in the normal state are left open at the points instead of being joined with
conducting material it would not be necessary that the rods c' should be in separate
holders insulated from each other, as in the Drawings, as a complete or unbroken
ring of metal could in that case be used for the contact piece k to bear or rub
against, since the current could only pass through that particular candle which
happened to be opposite the striking lever L'. This apparatus, as well as those
hereinafter described, may be used either with an intermittent current as arranged
in my Drawings, or with a continuous current, in which latter case one of the
carbons in each candle will have to be made thicker than the other. If desired,
one of the discs a and b may be made adjustable along the axle, so as to be capable
of being moved nearer to or further from the other.
Figures 3 and 4 represent respectively a plan and sectional elevation of another
arrangement of my improved automatic candle holder adapted for receiving any
required number of electric candles disposed in a circle parallel to each other in lieu of
radially. B is a base of glass or other insulating material, to the centre of which there
is fixed an upright pivot C; a is a disc of wood, ebonite, or other insulating material,
having attached to its circumference a number of separate contact pieces of brass or
other metal a¹, upon which are fitted the adjustable holders d for the carbon rods c.
b is a metal disc, which is also attached concentrically to the disc a, and holds the
carbon rods c¹. This disc b is provided with a tubular socket piece i, which passes
through the disc a, and is slipped onto the pivot C, round which it is free to turn
along with the disc a. A spiral spring e is attached to the base of the pivot C and
to the socket piece i of the disc b, its object being to put the apparatus in a state
of tension, as in the before mentioned radial arrangement. On the metal disc b are
fixed a number (equivalent to that of the candles employed) of small pillars f, the
moveable or pivotted heads of which carry each a stop piece of wire or wood g.
These stop pieces bear against one side of the inner carbon c' of each candle, and
the apparatus when wound up is prevented from turning back again by the catch
lever h coming in contact with and maintaining in a fixed position the said stop
pieces g, which would otherwise be free to turn out of the way. The catch lever /

page_text: is pivotted to the head of the central pillar l, so as to be capable of being tilted up
for the release of each stop piece g as may be required. The said pillar is screwed
into the top of the stud or pivot C, and serves at the same time to hold the disc b
down in its place upon the pivot or central fixed stud. A contact spring k makes
the necessary connection between the terminal t and each of the candles successively
as they are consumed. The lower end of the pivot C forms the other terminal t¹.
Openings m are made through the insulating disc a for the purpose of allowing the
carbon dust to fall through to the bottom of the lamp. The mode of working is
similar to that of the radial arrangement already described.
The preliminary igniting or the relighting, as the case may be, is effected by the
electro magnet M in a shunted circuit, which in the event of a candle going out
attracts the armature A, and by means of the small rod n in connection with the
said armature tilts the holder d so as to bring the point of its carbon rod o into
momentary contact with the carbon c¹.
Figures 5 and 6 represent respectively a plan and corresponding sectional
elevation of a modification of the last described apparatus, wherein the candles
are disposed in a straight row in lieu of in a circle, and do not change position.
On a base B is supported by means of pillars o a slab of insulating material a.
On this slab are fixed two strips of insulating material p and p¹. On the strip p
are secured a number (in this case 6) of metal pieces d', separated from each other,
which serve the purpose of holders for the carbon rods c¹. On the surface of the
strip p¹ there is fitted a single metal plate, upon which is pivotted a single slab of
metal d for the purpose of holding the other carbon rods c equal in number to the
carbons c¹. These pairs c, c¹, of carbons form the respective candles. Sliding in a
groove formed partly by the overlapping of the metal pieces d', and partly by the
separate grooved piece q, is a metal contact maker k, which is drawn along the
said groove by means of the cord or chain r and the pulley 8, which latter is caused
to rotate by means of the spring e or otherwise. In the Drawing the apparatus is
supposed to be ready set, the spring e being put in a state of tension by drawing
the contact piece k from its normal position at the end of the groove to where it is
now shown. Its tendency is to fly back again along the groove, but it is kept in
contact with the first of the series of candles by the same means as already described
in reference to Figures 3 and 4, that is to say, the contact slide k carries a pillar or
upright, upon the head of which is pivotted the catch lever h, bearing at its
downward bent end against the side of the stop g of wire or wood connected with
the top of each of the stationary uprights f fixed to the several holders d¹, and
attached to or in contact with the candles. The burning of the stop g or fusing of
the wire allows the contact piece k to slide on to the next candle, and so on until
all are consumed. The candles may be joined at the top in the first place, as before
mentioned, or the relighting apparatus already described may be employed to ignite
them. The side of the groove and sliding contact piece k forms one terminal of the
apparatus, and the pivotted metal slab d the other terminal. The electro magnet M
forms a shunt to the main circuit, and is wound with fine wire. When a current of
electricity is sent through the apparatus the armature A is attracted by the electro-
magnet, and by means of the rod n tilts the slab d, which causes all the carbon
rods c to touch the carbons c', thus forming contact and establishing the electric
arc, the current only passing between the pair of carbons which are opposite or in
contact with the contact piece k. In practice I prefer that the contact piece k,
instead of working in a guide groove, as shown, shall slide along a guiding rod.
This apparatus could obviously be arranged so that the candle holders themselves
shall be made to slide past a fixed contact.
Figures 7 and 8 represent respectively a plan and corresponding sectional elevation
of the peculiar combination and arrangement of apparatus which I employ in con-
nection with the particular kind of candle known as the Jablochkoff or Werdermann
candle, the said candles rotating round a fixed centre and being disposed parallel to
each other.
Heretofore these candles have been used on electrical circuits containing 4 or 5

page_text: candles each, but should any one of these candles go out the remaining candles on
the circuit were also extinguished, no self acting arrangement for relighting them
having been provided, neither has any means been provided heretofore for igniting
fresh candles, except that of switching them by hand.
Means have been proposed for automatically switching on a new candle when
one has been burned down to a certain point, but if a candle goes out, as is some-
times the case, before it has burnt to this point, no provision has been made for
releasing the apparatus so as to bring a fresh candle in circuit.
Now the object of my apparatus is not only to bring into circuit automatically a
succession of candles (in this case 8 are shown), but also to obviate the defect just
mentioned, so that should a candle become extinguished before reaching a certain
point the apparatus may release itself and bring a fresh candle in circuit.
The circular disc a of insulating material carrying the two sets of carbons is
mounted in a similar manner to that described in reference to Figures 3 and 4. In
this case however the carbon rods of each candle are immoveable relatively to
each other, as they are held together by an insulating substance between them, as is
well understood.
The mode of working is similar to that already described. The candles are
always joined at the top (in the Jablochkoff system) with a piece of some conducting
cement, and the apparatus being wound up, and a current of electricity passed
through it, that candle which is opposite or in connection with the contact spring k
is ignited and burns until the stop g is burnt or fuzed, which allows the second
candle to take the place of the consumed one, it being caught and held in position
by the catch lever h and succeeding stops, as before described; but if a candle
should accidentally become extinguished before the arc has reached the stops the
apparatus would not be able to turn so as to bring into position a second candle
were it not for the releasing apparatus which I shall now describe.
The pillar into which the support of the catch lever h is screwed is made of
soft iron and forms the case of an electro magnet M, which forms, as in the before
mentioned case, a shunt to the main circuit (or it may be placed in the direct
circuit, when the operation which now takes place would be reversed). Attached
to the rear of the catch lever h is an armature h¹. Now whilst the electric current
is passing through a candle no action takes place between the armature and electro-
magnet, because the resistance of the arc is comparatively small compared with that
of the electro-magnet, so that nearly all the current passes through the candle.
If, however, the candle should go out, the current must necessarily pass through
the electro magnet; the armature is attracted, and the end of the catch lever is
lifted free of the stop g, and the apparatus is thereby enabled to release itself. The
apparatus is prevented from turning beyond the next candle by the rear end of the
catch lever h catching against the pillar of one of the stops on the opposite side of
the centre, thereby allowing it to advance only one half of its ordinary motion at a
time;
it has, however, advanced sufficiently far to enable the contact spring k to
make contact with the next candle. This immediately ignites, and as the greater
part of the current then passes through such candle, the electro magnet is rendered
inactive and allows the armature h' to return (by the aid of a spring or otherwise)
to its normal position. The foremost end of the catch lever h drops, and the rear
end h¹¹ rises clear of all obstruction, thereby allowing the apparatus to perform the
remaining half of its motion, when the candle is caught and held in the original
position of the extinguished one. It will be observed that in this case instead
of relighting a half consumed candle, I sacrifice the unburnt piece and bring
on a fresh candle. The same arrangement of stop and releasing apparatus can be
applied to the previously described arrangements of holders when the Jablochkoff
system of candle is employed.
If desired, the carbons of the several candles might be placed, not one behind the
other in two concentric circles, as shewn in the Drawing (Figure 7), but side by
side in one and the same circle.
A re-lighting apparatus could then be placed on the support of the contact spring k

page_text: consisting of an electro magnet either in a direct or shunted circuit, the armature
of which should carry a separate stick of carbon of its own of the same length as
the candles themselves. Whilst the candles continued burning, the armature would
be attracted and the carbon stick kept apart from the candle, but if the candle
should become extinguished and the current thereby broken, the carbon stick
would fall upon or between the tips of the two carbon rods constituting each
candle, and thereby reestablish the arc. The two terminals are shown at t and t¹.
Figures 9 and 10 represent a plan and sectional elevation of an automatic
arrangement also suitable for the Jablochkoff system of candles, wherein a number
of stationary candles (in this case 4) are successively ignited by means of a
revolving contact and a single fuzible stop only. The carbons c are mounted on
separate insulated holders d arranged in a circle. The opposite carbons c¹ are
mounted in another set of holders d¹, which latter are all connected together by a
metal strip or wire w.
The contact piece is rotated by means of a spring e round a fixed centre C, and
consists of a projecting piece of metal carrying two rollers k, k, (see Fig. 9) or
springs, or any other well known means for making contact with the holders d.
In the top of a pillar f which is mounted on the said projecting piece of metal,
there is fixed the fuzible metal stop pin g, the said pillar and stop pin revolving
along with the contact piece, as is more clearly shown in Fig. 9. The candles are
arranged not concentrically or all equidistant from the centre of the apparatus, as
in the last described arrangement, but at distances gradually nearer to or
approaching the centre. The stop pin g is shown in Figure 9 as resting against the
candle which is furthest from the centre. Now when a current of electricity is
sent through the apparatus this candle is ignited and burns until the end of the
stop pin is fuzed. The contact piece is then released and travels onto the next
candle holder, carrying along with it the remaing length of stop pin, which catches
against the next candle situate nearer to the centre and holds the contact piece, in
position. The second candle burns to the point where the stop pin is resting; this
is again fuzed at the end, and by passing on to the next allows contact to be made
with the third candle, and so on until all are consumed, when the remaining length
of the stop pin comes against a projection v in connection with the outside carbon
holders d, and by this means the apparatus is short circuited.
The stop pin g may be of wood with a short piece of metal underneath to make
contact with the projection when all the candles are consumed. I have not in
this apparatus shown any electro magnetic releasing apparatus in case of a candle
going out, but a similar supplementary apparatus to that last mentioned might
easily be employed for the purpose of momentarily releasing or withdrawing the
end of the stop g from the extinguished candle. The two terminals are represented
at t and t w is an opening for the passage of the leading wire. If desired, the
contact rollers k, k, may be dispensed with, and the stop pin g itself be made to
serve the purpose of a revolving contact.
Figures 11 and 12 represent respectively in side elevation and plan my automatic
arrangement of holder as adapted for a single candle composed of two carbons of a
circular or curvilinear form placed side by side and forming part of a circle or ring
concentric or thereabout with the spindle by which they are carried. This candle
is so arranged that a great length of carbon may be used within a small space, and,
if desired, only a given portion of the candle forms part of the electric circuit, so
that the resistance of the carbon rods may be reduced to any required extent.
This form of candle may be employed either for carbon rods separated from each
other by an air space, or for the candles known as Jablochkoff or Werdermann.
On a frame B a fitted the two standards 2 supporting in suitable bearings an
axle 1, the two halves of which are insulated from each other. On the middle of
the said axle there is fitted a hollow boss or collar of insulating material a. Fixed
into this boss, at a little distance from each other, are two arms b (Fig. 11) with
sockets forming the respective holders for the two circular carbon rods c and c'.
These carbon rods may be kept equidistant from each other along the greater part

page_text: of their length by small intermediate pieces of porcelain, slate, or any good insu
lating material introduced between them as at d; also attached to the axle 1 there
are two small discs of metal x, x, each carrying two or more radiating arms y, y (in
this case 4). Through holes in the ends of these arms are placed the fusible or
combustible stops g. Two contact arms kand k¹ attached one to each standard
make electrical contact with the carbon rods at any given point in their length.
The apparatus is wound up by a spring e and held in position by the arm h catching
against the stops g; a current is sent through the apparatus by attaching a wire
from a machine to each standard, which current passes through one of the contact
armsk into that part of the candle between the contact piece and the tips of the
carbons, and returns by the opposite contact piece k¹. The candle is thus ignited
and continues burning until the electric are reaches the point where the first fusible
or destructible stop g¹ is placed. This is fused or charred through and allows the
next part of the candle to come up and take the place of the consumed portion, the
succeeding stop g³ coming in contact in its turn with the arm h. This goes on until
the last stop is burnt through, when the apparatus short circuits itself by simple
means which will readily be understood by a practical electrician, and which I have
not therefore thought necessary to illustrate in the Drawing.
It is obvious that any of the apparatus herein before described may also be short
circuited at any particular candle, or when all the candles have been consumed.
A relighting arrangement similar to that already described, namely, a moveable
third carbon rod actuated by an electro magnet establishing momentary contact
between the two carbons of the candle, may be applied to this apparatus. Two or
more candles such as are here described may be placed side by side, and when one
has burnt out it can obviously be arranged so that the second should be auto-
matically lighted and so on.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I would observe in conclusion that I do not claim generally the use of auto-
matic arrangements of apparatus for lighting successively a number of carbon
candles or for re-igniting any candle of a series that may have become extinguished,
nor do I claim separately the employment in a single lamp of a number of carbon
candles disposed parallel to each other round oue cominon centre, but what I
consider to be novel and original and therefore claim as the Invention secured to
mne by the hereinbefore in part recited Letters Patent is,--
First. The arranging a number of carbon candles radially round a centre whereby
the several candles are all brought into the same plane and the shadows are reduced,
as hereinbefore described and illustrated by my Drawings.
Secondly. The peculiar combination and arrangement of parts for effecting in a
self acting manner the lighting successively of a series of carbon candles disposed
radially and caused to revolve round a common centre, and the relighting of any
one of such series when required, as hereinbefore described and illustrated by
Figures 1 and 2 of my Drawings.
Thirdly. The peculiar combination and arrangement of parts for automatically
lighting in succession a series, of carbon candles disposed parallel to each other, and
for re-lighting any candle of the series, as hereinbefore described and illustrated by
Figures 3, 4, 5, & 6 of my Drawings.
Fourthly. The application and use for successively bringing into circuit fresh
candles constructed on the Jablochkoff or Werdermann system of a stopping and
releasing apparatus made to act either by the partial destruction of the stop by the
voltaic arc or by the releasing of the said stop by electro magnetism acting upon
a catch lever or its equivalent in the event of the premature extinction of the
candle, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by Figures 7 and 8
of my Drawings.
Fifthly. The peculiar combination and arrangement of parts for automatically
lighting in succession a series of electric candles placed at graduated distances from
the centre of rotation of a destructible stop pin, and for relighting such of the series

page_text: as may have become extinguished, as hereinbefore described with reference to
Figures 9 and 10 of my Drawings.
Sixthly. The peculiar combination and arrangement of apparatus for receiving
carbon candles forming an arc of a circle and for maintaining electric contact at any
given distance along such candles from the points of the carbons, and for moving
round the candle at intervals as it is burnt, as hereinbefore described with reference
to Figures 11 and 12 of my Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Tom Ernest Gatehouse, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty fifth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty.
T. ERNEST GATEHOUSE. (L.S.)
Witness,
EDWIN P. ALEXANDER,
Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent,
14, Southampton Bdgs.,
Chancery Lane,
London, W.C.