CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAYS AND LOCOMOTIVES RUNNING THEREON, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS FACILITATE THE ASCENSION OF STEEP INCLINES
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Antoine Andraud, of Paris, in the Empire of
France, and of 16, Castle Street, Holborn, London, Civil Engineer,
for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAYS AND
LOCOMOTIVES RUNNING THEREON, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS FACILITATE THE
ASCENSION OF STEEP INCLINES."
Sealed the 24th December, 1853, and dated the 25th June 1853,
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Antoine Andraud at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 25th June 1853. pursuant to the 9th section
of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
I, ANTOINE ANDRAUD. of Paris, in the Empire of France, and of
16, Castle Street, Holborn, London. Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN RAIL-
WAYS AND LOCOMOTIVES RUNNING THEREON, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS FACILITATE
THE ASCENSION OF STEEP INCLINES," to be as follows, viz. :-
No alteration is made in the general arrangement of the ordinary
six-wheel locomotive. The driving wheels are placed in the centre,
and all the modification is with regard to these driving wheels, the
[Price 8d.]

page_text: fellies of which, much larger than usual, (Fig. 1,) have a smooth part
which runs on the rails, and a striated part A, which runs on a counter
rail B, of wood, the upper face of which rises slightly above that of the
iron rail.
The rails rest on iwo
simply by a plank D. One these
C, C, united by an iron band or
are fixed the counter rails B. B,
a kind of thick plank of soft wood to give clasticity, and covered by
hard wood planks E. E. prepared to receive the action of the striated
band: F, F. represent wedges which serve. when necessary. to elevate
the counter rails. Fig. 3, represents a method of attaching the striated
band to the driving wheel. The striated band and the counter rail are
only worked when their intervention is necessary; wherever the natural
adherence of the driving wheels is sufficient. the counter rails are
dispensed with, and everything works as in the usual manner. but
when the incline of the road requires it the counter rail encountered by
the striated band comes to the aid of the driving wheels. and the incline.
however great, is surmounted. A slight portion only of the weight of
the engine hears on the counter rail, which, protected by the iron rail,
receives a pressure only just sufficient to cause the striated band to
bite on the rail. For straight inclines the counter rail may be esta-
blished both sides of the way. and for inclines curved at a small radius
the counter rail may be placed on the outer side only. The counter
rail planks should be preserved with pitch or otherwise, and the planks
of
which cover them (E.) be metallized and covered as
best adapted to render the adherence of the striated wheel as strong as
possible. To complete the arrangement of the locomotive some modifi-
cation of the boiler in common use is necessary. In its lower part A.
are pipes or tubes always plunged in water, the upper part B, when
the steam accumulates, is traversed by a number of heated iron pipes.
by which the steam in contact with them becomes still more heated,
and before passing into the cylinders passes through a channel C. com-
municating with two worms D, which line the walls of the furnace.
These bent tubes are always charged with a great degree of heat, which
will still further dilate the steam, and in some measure gazify it. On
issuing from the furnace E, two longitudinal exterior pipes F, fixed on

page_text: the sides of the boiler, will carry this steam into the driving cylinders G.
In consequence of the great degree of heat of this dry steam all the
different parts of the driving cylinders G, must be so constructed that
they may resist the general deterioration that otherwise might be
caused. By these means the same effects may be obtained as with
the helicoidal or worm boiler, without the disadvantage of so soon.
becoming incrustated.
I claim. first. the widened and partly striated fellocs or periphery of
the driving wheels for running on ordinary rails and on a commier rail,
of wood or any other suitable material, placed parallel to one another
on certain parts of the way.
Secondly, the triple evaporation, as above described.
In witness whereof, J, the said Antoine Andraud, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of June. in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
ANTOINE ANDRAUD. (L.S.)