IMPROVEMENTS IN WARMTH RESERVOIRS FOR EMITTING WARMTH FOR A LONG PERIOD
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Otto Wolff, Engineer and Patent Agent, of 12, Schloss
Strasse, in the City of Dresden, in the Kingdom of Saxony and German
Empire, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WARMTH RESERVOIRS FOR
EMITTING WARMTH FOR A LONG PERIOD." A communication by Alwin
Nieske, Chemist, of the City of Dresden aforesaid.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Otto Wolff at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd March 1881.
OTTO WOLFF, Engineer and Patent Agent, of 12, Schloss Strasse, in the City of
Dresden, in the Kingdom of Saxony and German Empire. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WARMTH RESERVOIRS FOR EMITTING WARMTH FOR A LONG PERIOD." A com-
munication by Alwin Nieske, Chemist, of the City of Dresden aforesaid.
This Invention relates to the manufacture and construction of warmth reservoirs,
which said reservoirs, vessels, or receptacles are filled with sodaic salts in certain
given proportions, which said sodaic salts possess the property of retaining warmth
for a long time and slowly communicating the latent warmth of the said salts to
their surroundings, and which said Invention is therefore suited for application to
various purposes.
Many experiments in laboratories have proved that some of the sodaic salts after
being heated retain their latent warmth, that is, they only emit or give off their
warmth as they slowly crystallise.
There are in especial two salts which are admirably suited to this purpose.
1. Hyposulphite of soda.
2. Acetate of soda.
The first named salt, hyposulphite of soda, has the property of melting easier
than the latter, acetate of soda, consequently when this said salt (hyposulphite
of soda) is mixed with acetate of soda the former prevents the latter from
crystallising too rapidly.
These two salts combine and form a permanent filling, so that the reservoirs,

page_text: vessels, or receptacles containing the same can be soldered down, and thus
hermetically closed.
I have found it preferable to employ the following proportion of the aforenamed
salts, that is:-One part hyposulphite of soda to ten parts acetate of soda.
The warmth reservoirs or receptacles are filled to about three parts full, and the
lid soldered on.
In order to prepare the said warmth reservoirs for employment the same are
placed in boiling water untill the filling is melted; this is readily ascertained by
shaking the reservoir or vessel.
The said reservoir, vessel, or receptacle can be modified in form according to
the requirements of the situation without departing from the tenor of my
Invention.
A stove suited for employment in bedrooms, hospitals, sickrooms, offices, dwelling
and other rooms is placed on three feet with castors so as to enable the said stove
to be easily transported from one place to another.
A vessel or boiler for containing water of cylindrical or other suitable form is
inserted within a perforated mantle, which said mantle forms the outer walls of the
stove.
The warmth reservoirs filled with the sodaic salts above named are arranged
between the said water vessel and the perforated mantle of the stove.
These said warmth reservoirs are of such size and form that they can be inserted
in the central or water vessel by means of their handles.
The stove is provided with a suitable cap and a lid, which latter can be readily
removed.
The water in the water vessel can be brought to a boiling point by means of the gas
burner at the base of the stove, to the end of which said burner a tube of elastic or
other suitable material is attached, which said tube is placed in connection with a
suitable gas pipe.
As soon as the water in the water vessel has been brought to a boiling point the
warmth reservoirs which contain the aforenamed sodaic salts are inserted in the
water vessel or boiler untill the salts contained in the reservoirs are melted.
The reservoirs are) now replaced in their former position between boiler and
mantle, and emit the warmth contained in the same so gradually and equably
that the filling, even after a lapse of from ten to twelve hours, is found to be
warm.
The cylindrical vessel or boiler can be entirely removed from the stove, and the
warmth reservoirs heated or the sodaic salts contained in the same melted in any
suitable boiler or similar receptacle, or the reservoirs can be heated in any other
suitable room, and inserted in the stove in warm or heated condition.
The boiler is for this purpose provided with a suitable handle, and also with a
projecting ring or flange which lies on three supports or brackets, which said
supports or brackets also serve to support the warmth reservoirs.
The evaporation of the water in the boiler is also advantageous, as it prevents
the air in the room from becoming too dry.
My Invention can be also applied to foot warmers for railway carriages, etc.
For such footwarmers I employ metallic tubing or pipes running through the
filling so as to attain a greater surface for the emission of warmth; such foot
warmers retain their warming properties for about twelve hours.
My said Invention can be further employed as a stomach, chest, or back warmer
to be carried next the body under the clothing, for medicinal purposes, and the same
filling applied; such apparatus are admirably suited for employment in hospitals,
sickrooms, and such like; the warmth emitted is equable, continues for several
hours, and is not only agreeable but highly beneficial.
I also make a universal warmth reservoir, in which the handles are countersunk;
the same can be employed as carriage warmers, foot warmers for sleighs and
carriages of all kinds, as footstool for dwelling rooms, churches, offices, etc.

page_text: If the carpet covering is removed the same reservoir can be employed as a bed
warmer. The sheet metal casing can be used for heating the warmth reservoir.
Another application to which this class of warmth reservoir can be put is to
place the said sodaic salts within a nickel plated or other suitable ball, which can
be easily carried in a muff, fur overcoats, etc., and held in the hand when skating,
riding, driving, walking, and so on in cold weather.
These said balls filled with sodaic salts are placed in hot water for a suitable
period, and as they retain their heat for a very long time and emit great warmth
they prove a most agreable acquisition for travellers, etc., in winter.
My warmth reservoirs can also be most advantageously employed for artificial
breeding apparatus or incubators, as the warmth remains continuously the same,
and is therefore the very best substitute for the natural warmth of the blood.
These warmth reservoirs can also be applied to the most various household
purposes, and also in hotels for warming plates, etc., or for keeping food warm
when meals are taken out of doors.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Otto Wolff in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 23rd September
1881.
OTTO WOLFF, Engineer and Patent Agent, of 12, Schloss Strasse, in the City of
Dresden, in the Kingdom of Saxony, and German Empire. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WARMTH RESERVOIRS FOR EMITTING WARMTH FOR A LONG PERIOD." (A com-
munication from Alwin Nieske, Chemist, of the City of Dresden aforesaid.)
This Invention relates to the manufacture and construction of warmth reservoirs,
which said reservoirs, vessels, or receptacles are filled with sodaic salts in certain
given proportions, which said sodaic salts possess the property of retaining warmth
for a long time, and slowly-communicating the latent warmth of the said salts to
their surroundings, and which said Invention is therefore suited for application to
various purposes.
Many experiments in laboratories have proved that some of the sodaic salts after
being heated retain their latent warmth, that is, they only emit or give off their
warmth as they slowly crystallize.
There are in especial two salts which are admirably suited to this purpose,
(1) hyposulphite of soda and (2) acetate of soda.
The first named salt, byposulphate of soda, has the property of melting easier
than the latter, acetate of soda, consequently when the said hyposulphate of soda
is mixed with acetate of soda the former prevents the latter from crystallizing too
rapidly.
The two salts combine and form a permanent filling, so that the reservoirs,
vessels, or receptacles containing the same can be soldered down, and thus
hermetically closed.
I have found it preferable to employ the following proportion of the aforenamed
salts, that is, one part hyposulphite of soda to ten parts acetate of soda. The
warmth reservoirs or receptacles are filled to about three parts full, and the lid
soldered on.
In order to prepare the said warmth reservoirs for employment the same are
placed in boiling water until the filling is melted; this is readily ascertained by
shaking the reservoir or vessel. The said reservoir, vessel, or receptacle can be
modified in form, according to the requirements of the situation, without departing
from the tenor of my Invention.
Fig. 1 is a vertical section and Fig. 2 is a horizontal section of a stove which is
admirably suited for employment in bedrooms, hospitals, sick rooms, offices,
dwelling and other rooms.
The said stove is placed on three or more feet with castors, so as to enable the
said stove to be easily transported from one place to another.
A is a vessel of cylindrical or other suitable form; B is a perforated mantle
forming the outer walls of the stove.
The vessels, receptacles, or warmth reservoirs C, C, C, filled with the sodaic
salts above named, are arranged between the vessel A. and the perforated mantle B
of the stove.
The warmth reservoirs are of such size that they can be inserted in the central
vessel A. by means of their handles D.
The stove is closed by the cap E and lid F, which can be readily removed. The
water in the vessel A can be brought to a boiling point by means of the burner G,
to the end H of which said burner a tube of elastic or other suitable material is
attached, which said tube is in connection with a suitable gas pipe.

page_text: As soon as the water in the vessel A has been brought up to the boiling point
the vessels, receptacles, or reservoirs C which contain the afore named sodaic salts
are inserted in the same said vessel A. until the salts contained in the reservoir C
are melted. The reservoirs are now replaced in their former position between
cylinder and mantle, and emit the warmth contained in the same so gradually and
equably that the filling even after a lapse of from ten to twelve hours is found to
be warm. The cylinder or vessel A can be entirely removed from the stove, and
the warmth reservoirs heated, or the sodaic salts contained in the same melted in
any suitable boiler or similar receptacle, or the vessel C can be heated in any other
suitable room. The cylindrical vessel A. is for this purpose provided with a
projecting ring or flange I, which lies on three supports or brackets K, K, K, which
said supports or brackets also serve to support the warmth reservoirs C. The
evaporation of the water in the vessel A possesses the great advantage that the air
in the room is not too dry. Figs. 3, 4, and 5 show my Invention as applied to
foot warmers for railway carriages.
For such foot warmers I employ tubing or pipes running through the filling.so
as to attain a greater surface for the emission of warmth; such foot warmers retain
their warming properties for about twelve hours.
The Figures 6 and 7 show a stomach and back warmer which is carried next the
body under the clothing for medicinal purposes.
Stomach, chest, and other warmers can be employed with the same filling, and are
admirably adapted for employment in hospitals, sick rooms, and such like. The
warmth omitted by these warmth reservoirs is especially beneficial to patients, as the
heat remains equable, continues for several hours, and is not only agreable but
beneficial. The Figures 8 and 9 show a warmth reservoir by which the handle is
countersunk. The same can be covered with carpet and be employed as foot-
warmers for carriages, sleighs, as footstool for dwelling rooms, churches, offices, &c.
If the carpet is taken off the same reservoir can be employed as bed warmer; the
sheet metal casing can be used for heating the warming bottle.
Another application to which this class of warmth reservoir can be put is to
place the same within a nickelled or other suitable ball, which said ball can be
easily carried in a muff, fur, overcoat, etcetera, and can be held in the hand when
skating, riding, driving, walking, and so on, in cold weather. These said balls
filled with sodaic salts are placed in hot water for a suitable period, and as they
retain their heat for a very long period, and emit great warmth, they prove a
most agreable acquisition to travellers and other persons in winter.
These said warmth reservoirs can also be most advantageously employed for
artificial breeding apparatus or incubators, as the warmth remains continuously
the same, and is therefore the very best substitute for the natural warmth of the
blood. These warmth reservoirs can also be applied to the most various household
purposes, and in hotels for warming plates and such like, for keeping food warm
when meals are served out of doors, and so on.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention of improvements in
warmth reservoirs for emitting warmth for a long period, and the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I desire it to be understood that I do not limit
myself to the exact proportions of the sodaic salts to be employed, or to the exact
form of the apparatus, as shown in the accompanying Drawings, and described in the
foregoing Specification, but what I do claim and desire to have protected by Letters
Patent is,
1. The application or employment of a mixture of sodaic salts consisting of
acetate of soda and hyposulphite of soda for filling warmth reservoirs so as to
assure the greatest possible duration of the emission of warmth, substantially as
described in the foregoing description.
2. The construction and employment of the warmth reservoirs, substantially as
shown in the accompany Drawings, and set forth in the accompanying Specification.
3. The process or method of employing a mixture of sodaic salts consisting of
acetate of soda and hyposulphite of soda for filling warmth reservoirs, vessels,

page_text: or receptacles, in combination with the various kinds of reservoirs or receptacles,
substantially as and for the purpose or purposes hereinbefore mentioned and set
forth in the foregoing Specification, and as shown in the various Figures of the
accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Otto Wolff, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Nineteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.