Improvements in Woven Fabrios.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Aug., 1891-Accepted, 12th Dec., 1891
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Woven Fabrios.
I, WILLIAM TALBOT, a citizen of the United States residing at No. 3258 North
Fifth Street, in the City and County of Philadelphia, and State of Pennsylvania,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS
IN WOVEN FABRICS, and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statements :-
My invention relates to an inexpensive and attractive woven fabric especially
adapted for use as a carpet, yet nevertheless applicable to other somewhat analogous
purposes.
The principal object of my present invention is to produce from comparatively
inexpensive materials and by an expeditious process of weaving a fabric having
plain or figured chenille or yarn face-wefts with binding warps tying the same
respectively to the wefts of a ground-web of jute or like material, and constituting
a cheap and acceptable substitute for such costly fabrics as are usually employed
for carpets, rugs and like articles.
My invention consists of a woven fabric having a ground web and plain or figured
face wefts with binding warps tying one or more of said face-wefts to each of the
wefts appertaining to said ground-web, and having stuffing warps or floats lying
between said face-wefts and ground-web.
The nature and characteristic features of a woven fabric embodying my present
invention will be more fully understood from the following description taken in
connection with the accompanying drawings forming part hereof; and in which
Figure 1, is a diagrammatical representation of a section taken in the direction
of the warps, that is, a section through the wefts of a fabric embodying my invention,
illustrating at the right hand side thereof the employment of yarn face-wefts and at
the left hand side thereof the employment of chenille face-wefts and showing also
the warps of said ground-web and binding-warps passing from face to face of the
fabric and tying said ground and face-wefts together.
Fig. 2, is a similar representation of a top or plan view of Fig. 1, illustrating the
binding-warps tying the face-wefts and ground web wefts together at every pick
and showing also the stuffing warps or floats lying between said face-wefts and
ground-web in order to conceal the latter from view; and
Figs. 3 and 4, represent diagrammatically the respective positions assumed by
the harness of the loom in producing the improved woven fabric.
The
In the drawings, the warp of the fabric is divided into three portions designated
hereinafter as the "
as the "ground-warp," "binding-warp" and "extra-warp."
ground-warp is preferably composed of jute and is wound on a beam 6', the binding-
warp is preferably composed of fine cotton yarn and is wound on a beam b², and
the extra warp is composed of jute or other suitable inexpensive material and is
wound on a beam b³.
The ground-warp appertains to the ground-web and is divided into two portions
The binding-
or half gangs 2 and 3, as they are frequently called by weavers.
warp appertains to the face and ground wefts and is divided into two portions or
half gangs 1 and 4. The extra warp comprises the stuffing warps or floats 5, which
a³, a², a³, a+
are not divided into half gangs. 6, is a reed of the usual construction.
and a represent the harness of the loom. The four divisions or half gangs of the
warp are led into the four members of the harness in the following order :-the
divisions 2 and 3, of the ground warp through the harness a² and a³, respectively;
and the divisions 1 and 4, of the binding warp through the harness a¹ and a*,
respectively. The extra-warp 5, is led in through the stationary or dead harness a.
The leaves or members of the harness a' and, are attached to one extremity of a

page_text: C
working or oscillating beam c, and the leaves or members of the harness a³ and a*,
are attached to the other extremity thereof, so that the leaves or members of the
harness a' and a are lifted when the beam is turned in one direction, Figue
and the leaves or members of the harness a³ and at are lifted when the beam is
turned in the opposite direction Figure 4, and the leaves or members of the
harness a' and a are lifted higher than the leaves or members of the harness a
and because they are located farther from the centre of oscillation c of the
beam c. The figure effect is not produced in my improved fabric by means of a
jacquard machine, but by the employment of a parti-colored face weft thread;
that is, a thread provided at different places with the requisite colour for producing
a figure effect. Such a thread may comprise a parti-coloured chenille thread or
a parti-coloured yarn thread. A parti-coloured chenille weft thread adapted for
this purpose may be produced by weaving a figured fabric and then cutting the
same into strips and tying or otherwise joining the ends of said strips together to
form a continuous thread. A parti-coloured yarn weft thread suitable for this
purpose may be produced by the ordinary printing operation. In either case the
weft thread is so coloured as that after its introduction into the fabric the requisite
colour portions. thereof are brought into proximity and alignment with each other
and thus produce a coloured figure effect upon the face of the fabric. In order to
produce a good coloured figure effect it is necessary that each shot of parti-coloured
weft should be accurately adjusted by hand with reference to the preceding shots of
weft after it has been introduced into the warp and before each beat-up of the lay, and
this result may be attained in practice by "fingering" or shifting each shot of weft
manually towards the right or left of the loom until it occupies the position required
for the formation of the pattern. are the wefts composed preferably of jute and
appertain to the ground-web.
In Figures 1 and 2 the ground wefts and ground warps 2 and 3 constitute the
ground web w and the warps 1 and 4 pass from face to face of the fabric at
successive picks and are looped around the face-wefts and e and the ground wefts f
so that the face-wefts of the fabric are tied or knit at every pick, and the stuffing
warps or floats 5 lie between the face and ground wefts and not only prevent what
is technically termed "grinning" that is to say, the result obtained where by
reason of gaps on one side of the material, the other face thereof is exposed, but also
add body and smoothness of finish to the completed fabric.
In order that the nature and characteristic features of a fabric embodying my
invention may be fully understood, a brief description of a practically efficient
imethod of manufacturing the same will now be given, although other methods, if
preferred, may be employed in the production thereof.
Referring now to Fig. 3, for a detailed explanation of the first-step of one
complete operation of the loom, the leaves or members of the harness a¹ and a² are
lifted by the beam c, and the half gangs 1 and 2 constitute the upper members
of two sheds and the half gangs 3 and 4 constitute the lower part of one of said
sheds.
The half gangs 4 and I are shifted farther than the half gangs 3 and 2, because
the harness a' and a' appertaining to the half gangs 4 and 1, are shifted farther
than the harness a² and a³, appertaining to the half gangs 2 and 3, as has been
explained, so that the two sheds are in effect superposed or located the one
above the other. A ground weft, is thrown into the lower shed and a face weft d
or e, is thrown into the upper shed. These two wefts may be thrown successively,
but excellent results have been attained in practice by throwing them into the
respective sheds at the same time, and consequently preference is given to the
simultaneous introduction of two wefts after the parti-coloured weft d or e has been
introduced, it is fingered or manipulated in the manner herein above described in
order to bring the respective coloured places of the wefts into alignment; or in
other words, into position for producing the required coloured figure effect where-
upon the weft is beaten up by the lay and reed. In weaving a plain cloth this
manipulation of the weft is of course dispensed with.

page_text: Referring now to Figure 4 for a description of the second step of the operation.
The leaves or members of the harness at and a³, raised by the beam c and half
gangs 1 and 3 and 2 and 4 form two superposed sheds. The ground and face wefts
are then introduced into said sheds, the former into the upper shed and the latter
into the lower shed, as has been described with reference to Figure 3. By repeating
the above described operation the process of weaving is made continuous.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
A woven fabric having a ground web comprising back wefts with warps in two
divisions figured chenille or yarn face wefts with binding warps in two divisions
tying one of said face wefts to each of the ground wefts, and stuffing warps or floats
lying between said face and back wefts and none of said warps cross-woven or
intertwined, for the purposes set forth.
1001
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicant.