IMPROVEMENTS IN STUDS OR SOLITAIRES APPLICABLE FOR OTHER FASTENING PURPOSES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Frederick Bennet, of 5, Southampton Buildings,
Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STUDS OR SOLITAIRES APPLICABLE FOR OTHER FASTENING PURPOSES."
Sealed the 29th January 1878, and dated the 31st July 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Frederick Bennet at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st July 1877.
JOHN FREDERICK BENNET, of 5, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, in the County
of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STUDS OR SOLITAIRES APPLICABLE FOR OTHER
FASTENING PURPOSES."
This Invention consists in improvements on a former Invention, for which Letters
Patent were applied for by Max Strausse and myself on the Second day of February
1877. The objection to studs made according to that Invention is that they require
an extra long shank; and to obviate this objection I propose to construct studs or
solitaires as follows:-
I bend the shank over, and to it. I hinge at its edge the back disc or piece of the
stud instead of hinging it in the centre as in the former Invention. The shank is
formed hollow to admit of a spiral spring; or can be made with a fork spring,
which acts on a lug fixed to the hinged part, and resting against the aforesaid spiral
or other suitable spring, thus enabling the back disc to be turned right over or back
instead of from its centre, as in the former Invention.
Another mode of constructing studs with a short shank I purpose carry, into
effect by fastening to the back end of the shank a plate at its edge, and to this
plate I pivot a larger piece of metal or suitable material midway from its centre
and edge than the aforesaid plate, so that upon turning the said larger piece of
metal round on its pivot the centre of the same shall come to the centre of the
shank, and be kept in position by means of a spring, pin, or other suitable catch
placed on the shank, and taking into a hole in the larger piece of metal.
Another mode consists in fixing to the back of the front disc of the stud or
solitaire a small tube with a slit extending nearly to each end, and containing a
Duine 31

page_text: spiral or other suitable spring. To each end of the spring I fix an arm passing
through the slit, and pivoted at or near the centre of their length, similar to a pair
of scissors, so that upon closing the upper ends of the arms together they may be
easily inserted into a button hole or other place, and when released will expand and
form a back to the stud by means of the aforesaid spring.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Frederick Bennet in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 31st
January 1878.
"
JOHN FREDERICK BENNET, of 5, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, in the County
of Middlesex. IMPROVEMENTS IN STUDS OR SOLITAIRES APPLICABLE FOR OTHER
FASTENING PURPOSES."
This Invention consists in improvements on a former Invention, for which Letters
Patent were applied for by Max Strausse and myself on the Second day of February
1877. The objection to studs made according to that Invention is that they require
an extra long shank; and to obviate this objection I propose to construct studs or
solitaires as follows:-
Figures 1 and 2 illustrate one mode of carrying this Invention into effect ;
Figure 1 being a vertical section of a stud in the closed position, and Figure 2 a
similar view of the stud in the open position. A is the shank, which is bent over,
and to it I hinge at d a disc or piece B instead of hinging it in the centre, as in the
former Invention. The shank A is formed hollow to admit of a spiral spring a (or
it might be made with a fork spring), which acts on a lug or lever C pivotted to the
bent part of the shank A at b, one end resting against the aforesaid spiral or other
spring, and the other end against the lug or piece e fixed to the disc B, thus enabling
the said disc to be kept in position when either closed or open (as shewn in Figures
1 and 2).
Figures 3 and 4 are sectional views of a stud, shewn respectively closed and open,
and more particularly adapted for a glove fastening. The bent over part of the
sbank A is also formed with a hinged part at one end, and the disc B is hinged
thereto at one end, and is formed with a projecting bent nose f, which can pass into
the correspondingly formed hollow stem or shank A. The button hole of the glove
being on the nose f admits of a certain amount of "draw" to close or button the
glove, and at the same time prevents the glove slipping between the joints of the
stud while being fastened. The back disc D of the stud is fastened to the glove,
and the knob g serves to catch the button hole when the front disc is turned back
or open.
Another mode of constructing studs with a short shank is shewn at Figures 5 to
8; Figure 5 being a section, Figure 6 a plan of the stud when closed, and Figures 7
and 8 a section and plan respectively of the same stud in the open position. The
shank is formed or fitted with a bent over part, as before, and at or near the end I
binge or pivot a piece or cover B of metal or other suitable material midway from
its centre and edge, this piece being larger than the bent over part of the shank.
On turning the piece B round on its pivot, so that the centre of it comes over the

page_text: centre of the shank, as shown in Figures 5 and 6, it is kept in position by means of
a spring, pin, button, or other suitable catch a placed in the shank, and taking into
one of the holes recessed in the plate B.
Another mode is shewn at Figures 9 to 12; Figures 9 and 10 being respectively
vertical section and plan of the stud in the closed position ready for inserting. The
shank A carries a small tube or part fitted with a spiral or other suitable spring a,
the shank A having a slit at each side extending nearly to each end; C is a slide
passing through the lower part of the shank A, and having at its upper end a peg c,
at each side B, B, are two arms jointed to the shank A, crosswise, similar to a pair of
scissors. The arm C being pushed into the position shewn at Figures 11 and 12,
the scissor arms B are closed by the pegs c, c, on the arm C, and can be inserted
into the button hole or other place, and when the arm C is released, as shewn in
Figures 9 and 10, the arms B will expand and form a back or cover to the stud, the
spiral spring a retaining them in position.
Figures 13, 14, and 15 shew a modification of the stud represented at Figures 9
to 12, Figures 13 and 14 being respectively a vertical section and plan of the stud
as it would appear when inserted, and Figure 15 shews a plan of same ready for
inserting; in this case the scissor arms B are extended, and have holes e, e, for bent
arms c, c, to take into. The spiral or other suitable spring a is fitted to the front
disc of the stud between the arms c, c; these arms extend slightly beyond the edge
of the front disc, so that upon exerting pressure thereon the scissor arms will be
closed (as shewn in Figure 15), and when the pressure is removed they will return
to their normal position and be retained by the spring a. There is a small slot f in
the shank A to allow the pin that fastens the scissor levers to slide in when pressure
is exerted on the arms c, c.
And having thus described and ascertained the nature of this my Invention, I
declare that I claim the construction of studs or solitaires, substantially as herein-
before described with reference to the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Frederick Bennet, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
JOHN FREDERICK BENNET. (L.S.)