matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SCOTCH BONNETS, HATS, AND CAPS, AND IN THE APPLICATION OR ADAPTATION OF MACHINERY THEREFOR."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Mackie at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th March 1876.
"E
ROBERT MACKIE, of Stewarton, in the County of Ayr, Scotch Bonnet Manu-
facturer. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SCOTCH BONNETS, HATS, AND
CAPS, AND IN THE APPLICATION OR ADAPTATION OF MACHINERY THEREFOR."
This Invention, which relates to improvements in the manufacture of Scotch
bonnets, hats, and caps, and in the application or adaptation of machinery therefor,
consists, as regards such bonnets, hats, and caps in weaving or knitting them to any
desired shape, and without seaming or joining of the parts together, as has hitherto
been the case.
In forming the bonnets, hats, and caps according to this Invention a Lamb
knitting machine, provided with comb plates or narrowers, is employed, and in the
process of manufacture a greater number of loops are made throughout the body of
the circular web of cloth than are originally cast on at the edge when commencing
to knit. The circular web of cloth is then gradually narrowed to a point, when it
is closed, after which it is removed from the machine and blocked and milled into
the finished shape of the bonnet, hat, or cap being produced.
In lieu of employing a Lamb knitting machine, the knitting of bonnets, hats,
and caps, as herein-before described, may be carried out on a double stocking frame
or its equivalent, in which two parallel bars are so placed horizontally or at an angle
as to be capable of forming a circular web of knitted fabric.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING THE CASES OF MILLSTONES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bernoulli Barlow at the Oflice
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd December 1876. A communication
from abroad by William Seck, of Bockenheim, near Frankfort-on-the-Main, in
Germany.
HENRY BERNOULLI BARLOW, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Patent
Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING THE
CASES OF MILLSTONES." A communication from abroad by William Seck, of
Bockenheim, near Frankfort-on-the-Main, in Germany.
This apparatus consists of an upper chamber placed above the case of the mill-
stones, and communicating by pipes to a fan. In the lid of the upper chamber is
fixed the upper end of a leather or other flexible pipe, the lower end of which is
connected to the bottom stone; the air descends this pipe to cool the stones. The
air escaping circumferentially from the stones passes through the flannel or other
dust sieve, which is carried over and under annular rings placed above the top
stone. Some of these rings are stationary, and the others are capable of being
moved up and down by a cross shaft and levers, one of which is connected by a
cord to an agitator consisting of a tappet acting on a lever. The agitator and the
valve of the fan are brought into operation and stopped when required by self-
acting apparatus consisting of 'two worms and worm wheels. The first worm is
driven by the ordinary mill gearing, and to the second worm wheel is fixed a disc
with a notch. On this disc rests the short arm of an elbow lever, to the long arin of
which the cords communicating with the agitator and the valve of the pan are
connected, and when the short arm of the elbow lever drops into the notch the dust
sieve is agitated, and the upper chamber is brought into communication with the
fan to effect the ventilation of the cases of the millstones.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Henry Hennah at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd January 1876.
THOMAS HENRY HENNAH, of Brighton, in the County of Sussex, Photographer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES."
My Invention of improvements in roller skates has for its object to simplify the
construction of these articles in order to reduce the cost, and also to make them
stronger and less liable to get out of repair than heretofore. In most of the roller
skates now constructed the rollers or running gear with their accessories have
usually been mounted on or connected with a metal plate, which is secured to the
foot stalk by means of short screws which are very liable to break and allow the
rollers to come off, thereby possibly giving rise to serious accidents.
In carrying out my Invention I mount the axle of the rollers in a solid block
of hard wood which is secured to the footstalk of the skate by means of long strong
screws.
In order to give elasticity to the skate and allow the axles of the rollers to have
sufficient lateral and vertical play to enable the skater to describe curves, I bore a
large hole horizontally through the wooden block, and I insert therein a cylindrical
or other suitably shaped plug of vulcanized india-rubber through which the roller
axle (made by preference of steel wire) is passed, and is held tightly by the rubber.
At each side of the wooden block is fixed (by screws or otherwise) a metal plate,
the outer side of which is made convex, and in this plate is cut an inclined slot for
the steel axle to pass through. The rollers are made of box or other hard wood,
and their inner face is also made slightly convex.
It will now be understood that when the wearer of the skate bears on one side
of the footstalk the roller axle will compress the rubber on that side and allow
the end of the axle to move along the slot which will turn it slightly in a hori-
zontal direction, and thereby cause the two axles to point to a common centre
instead of remaining parallel to each other.
In order to allow the rubber in the block to yield to the pressure the ends of the
horizontal hole through the block are flared out, widened, or made of a trumpet-
shape so as to give room to the rubber to expand, and when the pressure is removed
it will resume its normal state and form.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHOVELS, SPADES, AND OTHER LIKE TOOLS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Parkes at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st September 1876.
"
THOMAS PARKES, of Kingswinford, in the County of Stafford, Commercial
Traveller. 'IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHOVELS, SPADES, AND
OTHER LIKE TOOLS."
My Invention relates to shovels, spades, and other like tools, such as grafting
and draining tools, made of iron or steel, or of iron and steel, and consists of the
improvements herein-after described in the manufacture of the said shovels, spades,
and tools whereby great additional strength is obtained.
I will describe my Invention as applied to a shovel. On the under side of the
blade of the shovel, and in a line with the langet or strap I form a trough-like
groove or depression as usual. The said groove or depression forms a hollow or
aiched rib on the upper side of the blade, and the langet or strap which fits on the
upper side of the handle is a continuation of the said hollow arched rib. I form by
bending sheet iron, or by casting, or otherwise a flat rib of the same figure as is
presented by a longitudinal section of the groove or depression and the lower part
of the handle, the said section being taken in a plane perpendicular to the plane of
the blade, and passing through the middle of the said groove or depression. The
said rib has three or other number of holes in it for the purpose of connecting it
with the blade and handle of the shovel.
In putting the parts together the wide end of the rib is inserted in a slit made in
the lower end of the handle, the handle being properly shaped to receive one of the
holes in the said rib. The langet is put upon the lower part of the handle in the
ordinary way, the rib entering the groove or depression in the under side of the
blade. The lower strap being put in its place the whole of the parts are rivetted
together by rivets passed through holes in the under-strap, the holes in the rib, and
holes in the groove or depression. Other rivets are passed through the straps and
the handle. The. parts being thus secured together the rib described is fixed in a
plane passing longitudinally through the lower part of the handle and the middle
of the groove or depression in the blade, and being secured to the parts by rivetting

page_text: gives great strength to the spade at the parts where the greatest strength is
required.
I prefer to make the groove or depression described extend along the blade to
about one half its length, but do not limit myself thereto.
When I make the rib described by casting I make it of malleable cast iron and 5
anneal it in the ordinary way.
A NEW AND IMPROVED BRAKE FOR VEHICLES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Musgrave Riggs Barton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th March 1876.
HENRY MUSGRAVE RIGGS BARTON, of Saunder's Road, Notting Hill, in the
County of Middlesex, Surveyor. "A NEW AND IMPROVED BRAKE FOR VEHICLES."
This Invention consists in a new and improved brake for vehicles, chiefly appli-
cable to vehicles furnished with a pole.
The following is the manner by which I propose to construct a brake according
to my said Invention :-
The pole of the carriage is made to fit in a moveable block furnished with a slot
through which passes a stud or pin in such a way that the block may slide back-
wards or forwards in whatever position the pole may occupy. This block abuts
against a spindle or rod which is fixed to the brake bar, and which is always kept
against the block aforesaid by means of a spring or buffer. A suitable bearing
holds the said spindle or rod in position.
The brake bar, which is furnished with brake blocks acting on the periphery of
the two back wheels of the carriage, is held in position by bearings or guides which
allow the brake to be put on or off. The said brake bar has a lug hinged thereto in
such a way that when not in use it shall hang down by its own weight. A chain
or strap is fixed to the said lug, which after passing over suitable rollers or sheaves
is placed within reach of the driver. At the back of the brake bar and to the
bottom of the vehicle are fixed one or more stop blocks in such a way that when it
is desired to put the brake on the brake bar shall not come in contact with them,
but when the hinged lug aforesaid is pulled up, the space between the brake bar
and the stop block or blocks aforesaid shall be filled up by it, and thus prevent the
brake being put on.
The operation of a brake constructed as above is as follows:-When it is desired
to put the brake on the driver pulls up the horses, by which operation the pole and
moveable block aforesaid receive a backward motion, which depresses the spring or
buffer, and also the brake bar and brake blocks, which then come in contact with
the wheels, and when the pressure on the pole is taken off the spring or buffer
releases the brake at once. But when it is desired to back the vehicle the driver
pulls the strap connected with the lug aforesaid, and the whole pressure from the
pole then comes on to the stop block or blocks at the back of the brake bar which
prevent the brake being applied.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Simpson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th November 1876.
JOSEPH SIMPSON, of the Soho Iron Works, Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer. "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES."
My present Invention consists in certain improvements upon the Invention for
which foriner Letters Patent were granted to ine on the 29th day of May, 1873,
No. 1949.
My Invention relates principally to what are called compound steam engines,
that is to say, steam engines in which a high-pressure and a low-pressure cylinder are
used; and it consists in placing the said cylinders parallel to and in close proximity
to each other. The cylindrical or other valves for admitting the steam from the
high-pressure to the low-pressure cylinder are placed near each end of the cylinder,
consequently very little steam is wasted in steam passages. The piston rod of the
high-pressure cylinder is connected direct to the crank on the crank shaft, and the
piston rod of the low-pressure cylinder is connected to one arm of an elbow lever,
the other arm of which is connected by a rod to the same crank. By this arrange-
ment the crank is helped over the dead centres in the same manner as when two
cranks are placed at right angles on the same crank shaft.
In order to reverse the motion of the engine I make two steam ports under each
of the valves situated between the high and the low-pressure cylinders. The
additional or secondary ports are in communication with passages leading to the
contrary end of the low-pressure cylinder, thereby causing the piston of the latter
to actuate the elbow lever in an opposite direction, and so to turn the crank of the
engine over the centre to the high-pressure cylinder the opposite way, by which
means the engine is caused to work in an opposite direction or is reversed. The
operation which produces this effect may be performed by a mechanical elongation
or shortening of the rods that work the said valves and so to cause the said valves
to open and close the said ports as required.
My Invention consists also in the application of the improved cut-off valve
motion described in reference to Figs. 2 and 3 of the Specification above referred to
to my present Invention. The said cut-off motion consists of a right and left-hand
[Price 2]

page_text: screw, actuated by a pinion connected to the governor for lengthening or shortening
the link by which the valve is moved.
Also in the application of the hydraulic accumulator described in reference to
Fig. 12 of the said Specification to my present Invention. This hydraulic accumu-
lator is in communication with the governor, and is made to vary the traverse of
the valves by raising or lowering the fulcrum of the weigh shaft or other working
parts according to the load on the engine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES & ROLLERS FOR USE WITH THE SAME
Year: 1876

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Thomas Leach at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th May 1876.
CHARLES THOMAS LEACH, of Streatham, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES & ROLLERS FOR USE WITH THE SAME"
"
My Invention consists in obtaining radiation simultaneously of the front and
rear wheels of a roller skate by means of the interposition of an additional wheel
more or less equidistant from the leading and trailing wheels. This additional or
central wheel, which may be of any convenient shape and size, does not necessarily
in itself contain any of the elements of radiation, but by its conjunction with levers
or other mechanical equivalents, so actuates the other wheels of the system as to
cause them to radiate.
The actuating or central wheel may be divided into two portions, and the distance
between them or the gauge may be made adjustable or variable at pleasure, not
however for the purpose usually assigned, for facilitating learning; and I claim that
this method of adjustment will, if used in combination only with the other wheels
of my system, increase or diminish their radiation in proportion as the gauge of the
central arrangement be augmented or decreased.
I also sometimes divide the system into two portions, and use two actuating
wheels, one of which causes radiation in the leading wheels, and the other in the
trailing wheels; both the actuating wheels are placed more or less under the centro
of the skate. Though the inclination of the body is the motive power used for
obtaining radiation, yet the planes of the axles and of the sole plate are always
parallel, there being no approach or recession of one from the other.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROLLER AND OTHER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William John Hodge at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th September 1876.
WILLIAM JOHN HODGE, of Gravel Lane, in the County of Surrey, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROLLER AND OTHER SKATES."
This Invention consists in attaching under the toes and heels of the stocks of
roller skates brackets carrying fixed axles having rollers on them, the said axles
having their axial lines bent towards each other at the outer ends; or one axle only
may be bent towards the other and the other axle made straight.
These arrangements of axles or arms form fixed radii of a circle, thus enabling
the skater to move in curved lines at will without necessitating the movement of
the axles on the stock. The brackets which carry the said axles are hinged or
jointed to the stock, or connected by curved springs, and are each provided with a
horizontal arm passing longitudinally under the stock, a helical spring being inter-
posed between the under side of the stock and the end of each arm, whereby a
yielding or spring action of the rollers is obtained.
According to another arrangement having the same object I use brackets carrying
vertical spindles which project downwards and carry each a horizontal roller, the
said brackets being placed behind the front rollers and in front of the rear bearing
rollers. These horizontal rollers are so disposed that their under sides shall be
clear of the floor and may be disposed either singly or in pairs as preferred. I also
propose to use similar brackets with spindles disposed in pairs and inclined inwards
towards each other in each pair at the lower ends, which incline causes the outer
edge of each side roller to point downwards, the said rollers being set clear above
the floor to admit of direct skating. On the skater requiring to describe curves or
evolutions he turns his foot slightly over to the right to curve to the right, or to
the left to curve to the left, as required. In all these arrangements the manner of
curving on the floor by the canting of the foot and skate is the same.
I also employ an arm or guard attached to the stock at the front and rear, or to
the roller brackets, and projecting outwards and downwards from the stock in such
a manner that should the skater slip on the toe or heel rollers the guard will bear
on the floor and act as a break, and thus enable the skater to recover his balance
without the unpleasant fall which too often occurs.
The same kind of guards are equally applicable to ice skates.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES FOR REDUCING AND REGULATING THE PRESSURE OF STEAM AND WATER."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Blake at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th November 1876.
JOHN BLAKE, of the Oxford Street Works, Accrington, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer. IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES FOR REDUCING AND REGULATING THE
PRESSURE OF STEAM AND WATER."
The object of my improved valves is to reduce and regulate the pressure of
steam and water, so that a constant uniform pressure is obtained in the discharge
pipe notwithstanding any irregularity in the pressure in the supply pipe.
The apparatus consists of a case containing the seatings for an equilibrium valve,
to the spindle of which is fixed a pistou fitting in a cylinder, the upper end of which
has a safety valve forming the cover. A small portion of the steam or water to
be reduced in pressure is conveyed by a small pipe to the space between the piston
and the safety valve, and there is a shut off valve in the said small pipe. On starting,
the equilibrium valve is open and is held open by a stop, the steam or water then
passes through the equilibrium valve to the under side of the piston, and closes or
partially closes the equilibrium valve; the shut off valve is then opened to admit.
steam. or water to the upper side of the pistou to force down and open the
equilibrium valve. The safety valve should be weighted to the pressure required in
the discharge pipe.
Another part of my Invention consists in the application of a small pipe provided
with a tap to admit steam or water from the high pressure side into or on a disc or
discs to regulate the opening of the equilibrium valve, and also the application of a
safety valve for limiting the pressure so admitted to the disc or discs.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COLLECTING AND TREATING HUMAN EXCRETA, URINE, AND HOUSE AND GENERAL REFUSE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF USEFUL PRODUCTS THEREFROM, AND IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES EMPLOYED THEREIN."
Year: 1876

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abraham Greenwood, George Edward
Davis, and Joseph James Speakman at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents on the 19th September 1876.
ABRAHAM GREENWOOD, Surveyor, GEORGE EDWARD DAVIS, Analytical Chemist,
and JOSEPH JAMES SPEAKMAN, Manager, all of Runcorn, in the County of Chester.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COLLECTING AND TREATING HUMAN EXCRETA, URINE, AND
HOUSE AND GENERAL REFUSE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF USEFUL PRODUCTS
THEREFROM, AND IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES EMPLOYED THEREIN."
This Invention consists,――
=
First. In collecting excreta and solid refuse separately from urine and liquid
refuse, and in treating the said liquids and solids separately in manner following:-
The excreta and solids on arriving at the works are emptied into a pit, tank, or
place of stowage, and subjected to the action of phosphate of lime and phosphoric or
sulphuric acid; it then constitutes a valuable manure. The urine and liquids are
emptied into a tank and allowed to remain there until the nitrogen has become
transformed into ammonia; the said liquids are then placed in a boiler with caustic
lime and heated until the whole of the ammonia is driven off. The resulting
ammonia may be collected in water, sulphuric acid, or other convenient liquid, and
may be added to the solid manure above mentioned if desired. The liquid
remaining after the ammonia has been driven off is run into a precipitating tank
where the lime and phosphate of lime is allowed to settle. The precipitate is dried
and treated with sulphuric, phosphoric, or other acid, or is mixed with the phos-
phate in the first part of the process. Any cinders or vegetable matter from house
or other refuse may be burned under the boiler and drying furnaces, whilst the fine
ash and clinkers and a portion of the cinders may be mixed with lime or carbonate
of lime and calcined to make cement.
Second. As means for collecting separately and removing conveniently excreta or
solid and urine or liquid refuse, we employ buckets or other receptacles provided
with an inner perforated vessel in which the refuse is deposited; the liquids pass
through the perforated container into the outer vessel, whilst the solids remain in
the said container. To render the removal of the said buckets or receptacles

page_text: convenient and inoffensive I.employ lids provided with a holding cross bar which
passes under projecting handles or their equivalents on the bucket or receptacles,
and is caused to firmly retain the lid in position by means of a screw, wedge, spring,
or like appliance. The lid is provided with a rim of india-rubber to fit against the
_edge of the bucket and form an air-tight connection.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MINERS' PICKS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th March 1876. A communication
from abroad by Joseph T. Fewkes, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United
States of America.
munication.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MINERS' PICKS." A com-
My Invention relates to a miner's pick having a head with sockets for the recep-
tion of bits of various kinds, and set screws for holding the same firmly in position.
It also relates to a wrench fitted in the handle of the pick and concealed in the eye
thereof, so that it is within convenient reach for tightening the set screws of the head,
and is without danger of being lost or liability to filling with dirt. It also relates
to holding the bits and sockets by wedging joints.
With the eye portion of the head there are formed the bit sockets which project
in opposite directions therefrom, and on the lower sides of said sockets there are
bosses in which are fitted set screws. The bit is formed with a wedge-shaped
groove, and the inner face of the socket with a wedge-shaped tongue, or vice versa,
the location of the parts being such that when the bit is fitted in the socket the
tongue will enter the groove, and thus there is formed a wedging joint.
In the bases of the sockets there may be placed pieces of soft metal that
constitute cushions against which the inner ends of the bits will come in contact.
When the said bits are properly located the screws are tightened and the former are
securely held, the cushions preventing fracture to the bases of the sockets and
inner ends of the bits.
It will be seen that bits of various kinds may be readily applied to and removed
from the head, and the screws form simple and convenient means for securing and
releasing the bits. The bosses provide large surfaces for the set screws so as to
strengthen their hold and steady them during rotation.
A portion of the upper end of the handle is removed, and in the space thus
formed there is fitted and secured a wrench which is flush with the surface of the
handle. When the handle is in position in the eye of the head the wrench is
concealed thereby and does not interfere with the hold of the handle; but when the
said set screws are to be tightened or loosened the handle will be readily removed
from the head by a few blows, and the wrench is immediately presented for service,

page_text: the handle affording convenient means for operating the wrench and providing long
leverage therefor.
When the wrench has accomplished its work, or is not required, the handle will
be restored to its place in the eye of the head and tightened therein.
It will be seen that the jaws of the wrench are covered by the adjacent wall of
the eye of the head, whereby dirt will be excluded from said jaws. The wrench
cannot fall out and be lost, and the miner or other operator has a wrench within
convenient reach, thus avoiding the necessity of carrying or having a separate tool.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PACKING TOBACCO FOR SALE
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Jones Lloyd at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th February 1876.
HENRY JONES LLOYD, of 21, Coventry St., in the Parish of St. Martin's-in-the-
Fields, in the County of Middlesex, Tobacco Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PACKING TOBACCO FOR SALE."
This Invention has for its object improvements in packing tobacco for sale. For
this purpose I employ gelatine; a sheet of transparent gelatine is formed on a
mandril into a tube which is closed at one end, producing a case, capsule, or
envelope, it is placed in a mould where it is filled and closed; the ends are also
covered and rendered secure by means of metal foil or metallic paper. The gelatine
need not extend to the ends of the case, capsule, or envelope.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MODES OF AND APPARATUS FOR REEFING OR FURLING ROYALS, TOP-GALLANT SAILS, TOP-SAILS, AND OTHER SAILS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Beck and Henry Yates at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th September 1876.
JOHN BECK and HENRY YATES, both of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MODES OF AND APPARATUS FOR REEFING OR FURLING ROYALS,
TOP-GALLANT SAILS, TOP-SAILS, AND OTHER SAILS."
This Invention is designed to furl royals or other small sail, and reef square sails
in general from the deck. As the same process is adopted substantially in each case,
a description of the modus operandi of reefing a square sail according to our In-
vention will suffice to explain other cases. To a cringle on the leech of the sail we
attach a chain called the reefing chain, which passes up through a cleat or cheek-
block on the fore part of the yard arm extending along the yard and passing through
a block preferably of iron near the linear centre of the yard; passing through another
block preferably made fast to the tresstle tree or mast head, it is brought down to
belaying pins near the deck. Rope is usually substituted for chain after passing the
block in the tresstle tree. The points or reefing ropes are made much longer than
usual, and are attached (with the exception of those near the centre) to the reefing
chain immediately above. Each point on the fore side of the sail passes up through
an eye in the dog, and those on the back over a rounded part of said dog between
the jackstay and the yard. Two or three points on each side of the centre pass
through an eye on the yard, and are attached to the reefing chain beyond the block
on the yard. When a sail has to be reefed the mode of action is as follows:-
Tighten the reefing chains, let go the halyards, and pull in the downhaul, and the
sail is reefed; then make fast the downhaul and put a slight strain on the halyards.
To stow the sail, let go the halyards and reefing chains, and down it will go, then
stow the sail as usual. In furling a sail the reefing chain and points are attached to
the bottom of the sail.
NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS OR DRESS, APPLICABLE TO THE HUMAN BODY, FOR RECEIVING THE DISCHARGE THEREFROM."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by J. Ezedor Bennett at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd December 1876.
"
J. EZEDOR BENNETT, of the City of Manchester, Artist. NEW OR IMPROVED
APPARATUS OR DRESS, APPLICABLE TO THE HUMAN BODY, FOR RECEIVING THE
DISCHARGE THEREFROM."
This Invention relates to the construction of an apparatus capable of being worn
upon the human body without the least inconvenience, and whereby the wearer
can be relieved at will without fear of soiling the dress, or in the case of invalids
or infants without fear of soiling the bed, and consists of an apparatus constructed
of vulcanised india-rubber applied between the legs of the human body (and herein-
after called the conducting apparatus) for the purpose of receiving the excrement
and urine therefrom and conducting the same into a suitable receptacle, also con-
structed of vulcanised india-rubber. This receptacle is tied or buttoned in position
so as to be capable of removal without disturbing the conducting apparatus, and
which, together with such conducting apparatus, is secured upon the body of the
wearer by an article of dress somewhat similar to a pair of bathing drawers, or in
the case of an invalid or infant by means of an ordinary napkin.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN OIL AND SPIRIT LAMPS AND CANS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Lane at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th November 1876.
SAMUEL LANE, of Hagley, in the County of Worcester, Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN OIL AND SPIRIT LAMPS AND CANS."
My Invention is to facilitate the filling of lamps with oils or spirits, and to more
effectually protect the oils or spirits from becoming ignited whilst being put into
the lamp. To effect this a small tube is formed by the side of the wick; the upper
end of this tube is covered by a spring hinged cap, or this cap may be formed to fall
by its own weight. When the lamp requires to be filled with the oil or spirit the
small cap is raised and a tin dish inserted into the tube.
To ascertain when the lamp is sufficiently full a rod or pin is passed through the
neck of the burner, to the lower end of which is fixed a light float of metal or other
suitable material, so that as the liquid rises in the reservoir of the lamp the rod or
pin carried up, and will indicate when the lamp is becoming full.
My Invention further consists in improvements in the cans for containing the
supplies of oil or spirits. In the front of the usual spout for emptying is placed a
small tube passing into the body of the can. In the upper end of this tube a small
plug or stopper may be inserted. This tube will ensure an uniform flow of liquid
to the lamp when being filled.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE WHEELS OF CARRIAGES, CABS, TRAMWAY CARS, CARTS, OR SIMILAR VEHICLES FOR COMMON ROADS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Barker at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th November 1876.
FREDERICK BARKER, of 8, Upper Terrace, Islington, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE WHEELS OF CARRIAGES, CABS, TRAMWAY CARS, CARTS,
OR SIMILAR VEHICLES FOR COMMON ROADS."
The object of my Invention is to render more easy the locomotion of wheeled
vehicles on ordinary or common roads, which I propose to accomplish by the
following means:-In the case of a four-wheeled carriage instead of the usual
wheels with a centre spoke or axle with a flat tire or periphery I employ 4 wheels
of any convenient diameter, mounted on centre spokes or axles fastened to the body
of such carriage in the ordinary manner, the tire or periphery of the said wheels
having a groove of the requisite width and depth to receive a loose ring or tire of
any convenient diameter, upon the inner circumference of which the smaller wheel
shall rest, the large loose ring being kept in a perpendicular position by means of
friction rollers fastened to stiff iron stays or hinged stays, such stays or supports
being fixed to the body of the carriage. Upon motion being given to the vehicle
by any power the friction of the small flanged bearing wheels acting upon the inner
circumference of the larger ring or tire causes it to revolve, and by this means the
required speed or power are simultaneously obtained, a lever brake having a double
action being also fitted, enabling the driver at all times to stop or assist in starting
such carriage at the shortest possible notice.
My Invention can be applied to carriages already constructed by fitting the same
with a box or cover to act as cover and guide to the large ring, as described, and
is equally applicable to wheels working under, inside, or outside any carriage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES."
Year: 1876

page_text: “
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred David Turner at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th June 1876.
ALFRED DAVID TURNER, of Dalston, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES."
The first part of my Invention of improvements in sewing machines relates to
the means of actuating the shuttle. From a crank on the upper horizontal shaft
of the machine, or from a crank pin on the wheel of the said upper shaft, I carry a
connecting rod to a crank on a lower horizontal shaft. From another crank on
this lower shaft a link is carried to a horizontal lever, to which it is jointed
preferably by a universal joint. The short arm of this lever is pivoted to the
frame of the machine, while the longer arm is connected with the shuttle carriage.
The shuttle carriage is fitted in either straight or curved guides, as thought best,
and when fitted in straight guides the end of the lever is slotted to receive a
projection on the shuttle carriage to allow of the straight motion of the shuttle.
I prefer to make the position of the universal joint, and of the crank to which it is
connected, adjustable within slight limits to allow of the stroke of the shuttle being
adjusted as required.
The second part of my Invention relates to the means of actuating a top "feed."
On the upper horizontal shaft of the machine I form a double cam which works in
a slot in a vertical bar, which carries the combined feed and presser foot. A spring
pressing on the top of this bar tends to keep it down, while a side spring tends to
push it forwards, that is to say, towards the operator. As the upper shaft revolves
one portion of its cam pushes back the feed so as to move the work the distance
of one stitch, the next portion of the cam then lifts the feed, while the side spring
pushes it forward; the cam then leaves the feed bar free so that the top spring is
able to push it down into its first position. The length of the feed can be regulated
by an adjustable screw which presses against the feed bar.
The third part of my Invention relates to the "take up," that is to say, to means
of keeping the thread tight until the needle enters the work, and then releasing the
thread, to allow of the shuttle passing freely through the loop produced by the
usual heart motion of the needle bar. For this purpose I cause the thread to pass
between a spring and a stud or projection on the head of the machine, and I form
an extension of this spring so as to embrace the needle bar. The needle bar is
Price 2d1

page_text: made thinner at one part so that when the spring extension takes hold of this
thin portion the spring presses against its stud or projection and holds the thread
tight; but when the thicker portion of the needle bar comes during its downward
movement opposite the spring extension it pushes the same to the right, thereby
withdrawing the spring from its stud and releasing the thread.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLASTERED CEILINGS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Leigh at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st April 1876.
RICHARD LEIGH, of 'Tyldesley, in the County of Lancaster, Iron Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLASTERED CEILINGS."
In substituting hoop iron for ordinary wooden plasterers' laths in order to make
the work less subject to the influences of fire I form the iron into sheets or squares
ready for fastening to the joists in order to facilitate the construction; these
frames may be of any convenient size reaching from one joist to the next, second, or
farther, and I form them by cutting the iron into lengths and joining the ends of
four pieces into a rectangle either by rivets or by turning up and lapping each end
over the other, and then crossing this frame with other lengths in the same manner
as joists are crossed by laths, fastening the ends by rivets or by turning up and
lapping them over the end pieces. I fix these sheets with four or more large headed
nails one at each corner, either through a hole in the hoop or so driven that the
shanks are within the frame touching each side, and driving them through iron
washers or other distance pieces to keep the frames a suitable distance from the
joists.
I claim also the use of hoop iron having a curved or segmental section which
adds stiffness to the same, and makes the working of it easier if used either in
squares or singly. When employing these curved hoops singly I punch one or
more holes into each, and use them in the same way as ordinary laths.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFES AND ALARMS THEREFOR.
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Fletcher Barrett at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th August 1876.
WILLIAM FLETCHER BARRETT, of the Royal College of Science, in the City of
Dublin, Ireland. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFES AND ALARMS THEREFOR.'
"3
My Invention relates to a method and apparatus for giving an alarum at a
distance from a safe in the case where an attempt is made to obtain access thereto,
the same apparatus being also available to give notice that the safe is subjected to
the action of fire or of considerable heat. For this purpose I make the safe air-
tight providing the door with suitable packing, or covering the safe by a lid having
a lip immersed in a trough of mercury or other liquid. When the safe is closed by
a few strokes of a pump or otherwise I lender the air within the safe either a little
more dense or a little more rare than the outer atmosphere, so that a column
of mercury or other liquid is supported by excess of pressure in one lub of a
syphon tube at a different level fiom that in the other limb. In this syphon
tube I provide contacts for electric conducting wires which may be led to any
convenient position, and connected to a battery and electric bell or other known
alarum. When an attempt is made to obtain access to the safe even when a small
hole is bored into it, the equilibrium of air pressure within and without becomes
restored, and the column of liquid in the syphon tube resuming its level either
makes or breaks contact with the conducting wires, so that the alarum is put in
action.
Instead of communicating to the alarum by electrical conductors the communi-
cation may be effected by fluid contained in a tube which will be caused to flow in
the one or the other direction when the pressure within the safe is altered. In case
of fire or considerable heat attacking the safe the air within it becoming expanded
will cause the fluid to change its level in the syphon tubo, or to flow along the
communicating tube and so work the alarum.
Instead of varying the density of the whole air within the body of the safe as
above described, a like arrangement of alarum may be applied to a safe made with a

page_text: double air-tight casing or shell, the pressure of air within the cavity of the shell
being varied, and the door of the safe being in this case made double with an air
cavity within it. The air cavity of the door being put in communication with the
cavity of the shell of the safe when the door is closed by means of a packed pipe
joint or otherwise, the alarum would be given on the door being opened or on an 5
orifice being made into any part of the door or of the shell of the safe.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEELS FOR BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hippolyte Lavie at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th September 1876.
HIPPOLYTE LAVIE, of the Firm Lavie and Lang, of Paris, Boulevard de Stras-
bourg, 23, Manufacturer. IMPROVEMENTS IN HEELS FOR BOOTS AND SHOES."
My Invention relates to a construction of heels for boots or shoes and a mode of
attaching them in such a manner that they can readily be removed and replaced,
whilst when fixed they remain securely in place.
For this purpose I fix on the under side of the boot or shoe under the heel of the
wearer a steel plate having a portion of its edge at each side notched so as to
present projecting comb teeth, and a portion of its back surface triangularly
recessed. I fix on the upper face of the heel piece a plate of steel having at its
back a projecting triangular tongue which I bend forward over the body of the
plate. I then apply the heel with its plate to the plate fixed on the boot or shoe,
causing the tongue of the former to enter the recess of the latter, and 1 bend or
hook the comb teeth of the upper plate over the edge of the under plate. The heel
piece itself is cased in metal, and a flange of this casing is secured by screws or
otherwise to the sole of the boot or shoe under the instep. Thus the heel piece is
firmly fixed laterally and longitudinally, the tongue of its plate acting as a spring.
The upper plate instead of having its edge notched may have a plain edge which
can be turned or hooked over the edge of the under plate.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SMOKELESS FURNACES AND STOVES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacob Baynes Thompson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th May 1876.
JACOB BAYNES THOMPSON, of Whitehall, Wraysbury, Bucks, Electro-metallurgist.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SMOKELESS FURNACES AND STOVES."
This Invention has for its object further improvements in the construction
of smokeless furnaces and stoves as patented by me on November 26th, 1873,
No. 3849.
In respect of furnaces I prefer that the air flues shall terminate in the throat of
the furnace and not in the gas chamber, and that they shall have dampers in front
for for convenience of regulation.
I add a drop plate or door to slide down or close in front of the bars when the
furnace is being replenished with coal that smoke may not issue from the coal box.
I also add a louvre door to close in front of the bars that the radiated heat may
be carried back into the furnace by the current of air through the louvres. The
louvres of this door may be fixed when the drop plate or door is also used; but
the louvres may be made to turn on pivots that they can be closed, and in this case
the drop plate inay be dispensed with.
The lid of the coal box is made gas-tight by means of a locking bar, to which it
is attached by studs which pass through free holes in the bar. This bar is binged
at one end, and on this hinge the lid turns with the bar, the other end of the bar is
recived in a catch when the lid is closed, and there is a screw in the middle of the
bar which being then turned presses the lid to its seat.
When this furnace is applied to existing steam boilers I prefer to surround it
with water spaces, that is, to construct around and over it a species of saddle boilers
to be connected to the main boiler by suitable water & steam passages, and
similarly if the boiler & furnace be constructed together this species of saddle
boiler shall form part of the main boiler.
In all cases where these furnaces are large I prefer to have movable clinking bars
in the back slope, just over the bottom front bar rest, which clinking bars may be
actuated by a lever or otherwise, as may be most convenient in each case; for small
furnaces a clinking door is all that is necessary.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF ANILINE DYES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Swinton Butler, of Percy Street, in the County of
Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF
ANILINE DYES."
Sealed the 6th February 1877, and dated the 1st December 1876.
-
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Swinton Butler at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st December 1876.
JOHN SWINTON BUTLER, of Percy Street, in the County of Middlesex.
PROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF ANILINE DYES."
"LM-
This Invention consists in an improved process for obtaining dyes from aniline
compound, and is as follows, videlicet :-
For preparing red, magenta, cardinal fuschine, and analogous colours, the aniline
compound is dissolved in boiling water, or in its ordinary solvent, to which has been
added three per cent. of muriatic acid with one per cent. of chlorate of potass.
When the solution is free from the smell of chlorine gas it may be used for the
tinge or shade required by taking it in the required quantity.
For blue, Nicholson blue, violet, mauve, black and analogous colours the same
process is employed, but I use only one-half the above stated quantity of chloro-
hydric acid and chlorate of potass.
The intermediate shades are obtained by mixing the different aniline salts
treated as herein-before described in such quantity and mixture as is necessary for
obtaining them.