Improvements relating to the Carbonization of Wool and other Material.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 20th June, 1895-Accepted, 21st Sept., 1895
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to the Carbonization of Wool and other
Material.
I, HEINRICH SCHIRP, of Wichlinghauserstrasse No. 12 Barmen Rhenish Prussia,
Germany, Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The new dispositions in treating wool with hot gases, which I have invented,
and which form altogether a compact and coherent system, enclose all the necessary
operations and contrivances for the successful treatment of wool, which otherwise
is accomplished by the use of several different apparatus, vessels and furnaces and
is necessitating several operations. The advantages of my new proceeding are
notably economy of space, economy in expenses and the more easily surveyed
and controlled direction of the processes.
The accompanying drawing represents the combined apparatus for evaporating
and superheating the acid and its vapours, as well as for heating air and furnace
gases, with the revolving drum for treating the wool and drying it, and
Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section of the combination,
Fig. 2 shows a plan of the same, partially in section ;
Fig. 3 shows a side view, taken from the left of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 shows a vertical section through the furnace by line I-I of Figure 1.
Figs. 5 & 6 are details of construction.
The arrangement and the disposition of this combined apparatus and the manner
in which wool is acted upon, are as follows:
In a vessel A, containing hydrochloric acid, a cock is provided, to let the acid
drip into a funnel, which has at the bottom a syphon-shaped pipe B, C, to bring
the acid by C to annother vessel D or pot, standing on the fire-bars of a fire grate
in the strongly heated, closed space L where the acid is evaporated. The pot D
is provided in its bottom with an outlet pipe G covered by a cap F forming
hydraulic seal, for residues and uuevaporated acid to be evacuated into a
pot H.
The enlarged view Figure 5 shows that the upper edge of pipe G reaches a
little higher up than the lower open edge of the cap F, therefore as long as there
is so much liquid in the pot D that the edge of cap F is immersed in the liquid
no vapours can escape through pipe G, whereas water accumulating in the lower
part of the pot D, when it rises as high as the edge of the pipe below the cap can
escape through that pipe.
In front of the apparatus stands a vessel J into which both hydrochloric and
sulfuric acid is poured by suitable openings; the vapours emanating from this
mixing of the two acids are also conducted by a pipe K, to the strongly heated
chamber L where the pot D stands, and the mentioned vapours and products of
evaporating of pot D are mixing with the products of combustion of the fire on
the grate of L; these latter gases are kept as much as possible free from smoke,
by firing with coke, or gases, and all the gases are led by flue M, in a zig-zag
way for the purpose of better mixing, to the pipe N leading to drum O. This
drum is preferably of polygonal shape.
The axle of this drum is hollow and connected by stuffing-boxes to the inlet
pipe N and outlet pipe N' at the other side. This axle is revolving in roller

page_text: bearings P, P and is rotated slowly either by a pulley $ or á spur wheel in
its place.
The outlet pipe N¹ is connected by a flue T to an exhauster U, drawing the
mentioned hot gases through the drum O; aud on purpose to put to use sometimes
incompletely burnt gas and other products, the exhauster can send these gases by
the then arranged bye-pass, back to the furnace L, and so forth in a complete
circuit-process. This bye pass is not shown on the drawing.
In order to neutralize the acid vapours and gases coming from the exhauster,
and before they are blown out in the open air, a double flue with a rising and a
falling branch, each filled with coke or other porous absorbing material, V V¹, is
arranged, having likewise water injected to it and being connected to a common
outlet for innoxious gas and water, W.
Above or alongside the chamber, which contains the drum O, a drying
chamber X with perforated bottom Z may be arranged, so that the dried wool
or other material may be dropped from this chamber into the drum by
funnel Y.
Before the apparatus can be put into activity, it must be fired-up and therefore
I have provided for a register a, in the lower part of flue M, which can be opened
or shut at will, whilst a stove-pipe or other flue 6 goes from the furnace L to the
chimney c, having a valve at d to open or shut this communication. In firing up,
valve a is shut and valve d open, so that no smoke can enter the drum; likewise
the pipes for acids from A and J must be closed then.
The little flues e and f, Fig. 1 and 2 are intended to bring fresh air to the gas
chamber M above the combustion space L, in order to be heated there and mixed
up with the other gases; in these flues e and f there may also be inserted valves,
to regulate the afflux of air.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1.) A process of treating wool and other material for carbonization, consisting
in the introduction into the space containing the wool-drum O- -a mixture of:
a) smokeless hot gases as products of combustion 6) vapours of hydrochloric acid
produced by evaporating the latter in the combustion chamber, c) vapours of
hydrochloric acid produced by mixing in a vessel hydrochloric and sulfuric acids,
and which vapours are heated in the combustion chamber, d) air having been
heated by its introduction into the combustion-and gas-space, and which mixture
of gases, vapours and air having been intimately mixed in zig-zag flues before
introducing them into the carbonising-chamber or drum O.
2.) In the process characterized in Claim 1 the use of the apparatus, combined
of acid vessels, acid evaporation pot, and combustion chamber for heating acid
vapours and combined gas and air,-in combination with a carbonizing and drying
chamber for the treatment of wool fibre; and consisting of a hydrochloric acid
pot A with cock, funnel and syphon pipe B, C, and dripping inlet into the
evaporating-pot D with cap F over a hydraulic seal, for evacuating residue and
unevaporated acid.
3.) In an apparatus as by 2.) the arrangement of a vessel J for mixing hydro-
chloric with sulfuric acid, with pipe K introducing the vapours into the heating
chamber L, in order to heat these vapours produced in vessel J.
4.) In an apparatus as by 2.) the disposition of air flues e, f, admitting the air
into the hot zig-zag chamber M, in order to get hot air mixed with the products
of combustion and vapours of acids, and to get the mixtures superheated before
their common entrance into the drum O by the action of exhauster U behind
the drum.
5.) The arrangement, in an apparatus as by 2.) 3.) and 4.) of a register or valve a
in the uptake flue under M, and of a chimney flue b, c, with valve d, in order to be

page_text: enabled to send the products of combustion and others, coming from chamber L,
either directly through b, c, into the open, or to the carbonisation-drum O according
to the position of valves a and d.
not 3
T
1002
HEINRICH SCHIRP,
Per Karl J. Mayer,
Agent.