IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED IN CONNECTION WITH THE DISTILLATION OF TAR, OR OIL, AND TREATMENT OF PITCH
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederic Lennard of Shoreham, in the County of Sussex,
Managing Director of the Sussex Chemical Works Company, Limited for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED IN CONNECTION WITH
THE DISTILLATION OF TAR, OR OIL, AND TREATMENT OF PITCH,"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederic Lennard at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th September 1883.
FREDERIC LENNARD of Shoreham in the County of Sussex, Managing Director
of the Sussex Chemical Works Company Limited "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
USED IN CONNECTION WITH THE DISTILLATION OF TAR OR OIL, AND TREATMENT
OF PITCH,"
This invention has for its object the construction of apparatus by the employment
of which the distillation of tar or oil and the cooling of pitch or other product
may be effected with greater economy and expedition than is now usually
the case, and has the additional advantage of allowing the stills to be used
continuously.
The invention consists of a covered wrought iron tank rectangular or otherwise
conveniently shaped in plan, more or less arched at the top, and with a bottom
sloping towards one side, or to one or both ends;-or the tank may be made
cylindrical. At or near the lowest part or parts of the tank, a valve or valves are
attached for drawing off the contents. Within the tank and supported by angle
iron bars at convenient intervals there are ranged a number of wrought iron pipes,
the end of the first row being connected to the second at one end by suitable bends,
and the end of the second row is likewise connected to the opposite end of the
third row, and so on throughout the series, thus forming a continuous to and fro
line of pipes, the extremities of which pass through and project beyond the ends or
sides of the tank, so as to allow of their being attached to the stills or other
apparatus with which they may be used. The pipes may also be arranged one
above the other, but connected together at the ends so as to form a continuous to

page_text: and fro line. The tank is supported upon suitable walls or piers, is constructed
with a number of stays to prevent distortion consequent upon changes of
temperature, and is provided with one or more manholes or lids at the top.
A modification of the foregoing consists of a tank the exterior shape of which
is similar to those already described, but in this case the tank is divided by a
horizontal partition or false bottom so as to form two chambers, the lower one of
which is divided by partitions stretching from top to bottom and from one side to
near the opposite side alternately, thereby forming a number of compartments each
of which communicates with the adjoining one.
Another modification consists of a series of pipes of larger diameter laid some-
what similarly to those first described and arranged to receive the hot pitch, such
pipes being surrounded by the cold tar.
The action or use is as follows. Distillation of tar or oil having taken place the
resulting hot pitch is run into the tank and surrounds the series of pipes, or it is
run into the lower part of the tank through the numerous compartments. Cold
tar or oil is then pumped or forced through the pipes or through the upper part of
the tank, and in the course of its transit becomes highly heated by the surrounding
or adjacent pitch, thereby adapting it for immediate distillation, while the cold
tar or oil in passing through the pipes or upper chamber of the tank lowers the
temperature of the pitch and permits its removal much more speedily than is the
present practice. By the use of this apparatus therefore distillation may be carried
on continuously, is effected more expeditiously and with consequent proportionate
economy.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Frederic Lennard in the Patent Office on the 24th March 1884.
FREDERIC LENNARD of Shoreham in the County of Sussex, Managing Director
of the Sussex Chemical Works Company Limited "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
USED IN CONNECTION WITH THE DISTILLATION OF TAR, OR OIL, AND TREATMENT
OF PITCH."
This invention has for its object the construction of apparatus by the employ-
ment of which the distillation of tar or oil and the cooling of pitch or other
product may be effected with greater economy and expedition than is now usually
the case, and has the additional advantage of allowing the stills to be used
continuously.
The invention consists of a covered wrought iron tank, rectangular or otherwise
conveniently shaped in plan, more or less arched at the top, and with a bottom
sloping towards one side, or to one or both ends;-or the tank may be made
cylindrical. At or near the lowest part or parts of the tank, a valve or valves are
attached for drawing off the contents. Within the tank and supported by angle
iron bars at convenient intervals there are ranged a number of wrought iron pipes,
the end of the first row being connected to the second at one end by suitable bends,
and the end of the second row is likewise connected to the opposite end of the
third row, and so on throughout the series, thus forming a continuous to and fro
line of pipes, the extremities of which pass through and project beyond the ends or
sides of the tank, so as to allow of their being attached to the stills or other
apparatus with which they may be used. The pipes may also be arranged one
above the other but connected together at the ends so as to form a continuous to
and fro line. The tank is supported upon suitable walls or piers, is constructed
with a number of stays to prevent distortion consequent upon changes of
temperature, and is provided with one or more manholes or lids at the top.
A modification of the foregoing consists of a tank the exterior shape of which
is similar to those already described, but in this case the tank is divided by a
horizontal partition or false bottom so as to form two chambers, the lower one of
which is divided by partitions stretching from top to bottom and from one side to
near the opposite side alternately, thereby forming a number of compartments each
of which communicates with the adjoining one.
Another modification consists of a series of pipes of larger diameter laid some-
what similarly to those first described and arranged to receive the hot pitch, such
pipes being surrounded by the cold tar.
In order that the foregoing may be more easily understood drawings are attached
hereto of which the following is a description, similar letters of reference indicating
the same parts of the apparatus in each of the views. Fig 1 is a transverse
sectional elevation of the tank through A, B of Fig 2 and C, D of Fig 3.-Fig 2
is a longitudinal sectional elevation of the tank through E F of Fig 3 and Fig 3
is a sectional plan of the tank through G, H of Fig 2.-Fig 4 shows a similar
arrangement of pipes to Fig 1 but enclosed in a cylindrical tank. Fig 5 is a plan
of a tank with the pipes arranged at right angles to those shown in Figs 1, 2 and 3.
Fig 6 is a longitudinal vertical section through I, J of Fig 7 and exhibits the
modification before referred to, while Fig 7 is a sectional plan of the same
through K L of Fig 6. In each of the Figs M is the tank, with valves placed
at N, N.-O, O are angle iron bars which support the pipes P, P such pipes being
connected together by the bends QQ and projecting beyond the ends of the tank
at R, R.-S, S, S in Fig 1 are piers for supporting the tank and T, T are stays to
prevent distortion while U is one of the manhole lids to cover the manhole.

page_text: In the modification shown in Fig 6 V is the horizontal partition by which the
tank is formed into two general chambers W and X, the lower one X being divided
by the partitions Y, Y as shown in both Figs 6 and 7. In Figs 2, 3, 5, 6 and 7 the
tank is shown as broken transversely in order to get the Figs within a limited
space, the tank itself being of much greater length than there shown, the size being
determined by convenience.
The action or use is as follows. Distillation of tar or oil having taken place, the
resulting hot pitch is run into the tank M and surrounds the series of pipes P. P,
or it is run into the lower part or chamber X of the tank Fig 6, through the
numerous compartments shown in Figs 6 and 7. Cold tar or oil is then pumped or
forced through the pipes P, P or through the upper chamber W of the tank Fig 6,
and in the course of its transit becomes highly heated by the surrounding or
adjacent pitch, thereby adapting it for immediate distillation, while the cold tar or
oil in passing through the pipes P, P, or the upper chamber W of the tank Fig 6
lowers the temperature of the pitch and permits its removal much more speedily
than is the present practice. By the use of this apparatus therefore distillation
may be carried on continuously, is effected more expeditiously and with consequent
proportionate economy.
Having now described and particularly set forth the nature of this invention
and the manner in which the same is, or may be used, or carried into effect, I would
observe in conclusion that I do not confine or restrict myself to the precise details
or arrangements which I have described or referred to, as variations may be made
therefrom without deviating from the principles or main features of this invention,
but what I consider to be novel and original and therefore claim as the invention
secured to me by the hereinbefore in part recited Letters Patent is,―
Firstly, The construction of tanks with pipes and valves arranged as herein
described and shown on the drawings,―and
Secondly, The treatment of pitch as herein described.
In witness whereof I the said Frederic Lennard have hereunto set my hand
and seal this twenty second day of March in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty four.
F. LENNARD,
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