IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE USED IN THE WORKING, WINNING,' OR MINING OP COAL, GLAD STATE AND OTHER MINERALS OR EARTHY MATTERS."
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Hemingway, of Robert Town, in the County
of York, Artist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS TO BE USED IN THE WORKING, WINNING,' OR MINING OP COAL,
GLAD STATE AND OTHER MINERALS OR EARTHY MATTERS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Hemingway at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
November 1861.
I, JAMES HEMINGWAY, of Robert Town, in the County of York, Artist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MA-
CHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE USED IN THE WORKING, 'WINNING, OR MINING
OF COAL, CLAY, SHALE, AND OTHER MINERALS OR EARTHY MATTERS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a machine or apparatus designed to assist the
workman in the operation of working, "winning," or mining coal, clay, shale,
and other minerals or earthy matters, and consists, firstly, of a frame, in which
are mounted circular saws, or a revolving wheel or wheels, or disc or discs, to
which are attached saws or other cutters, either toothed or edged, separately
Lor combined, as may be found, most useful, which wheel or wheels, disc or
discs, saws or cutters are caused to revolve simultaneously, either by manual
labor, or by steam or other power. This machine may be arranged so as to
make horizontal, perpendicular, or oblique cuttings, and is to be used for the
purpose of cutting any square or other formed block of coal or other matter

page_text: which it is desired to "win" or get, so as to partially detach the same from
the general mass, and thus render its complete separation therefrom by the
ordinary means much easier than heretofore.
A modification of this apparatus consists of a frame carrying straight saws
or cutters with toothed edges, which are driven by manual labor, or by steam
or other power, so as to reciprocate backwards and forwards in a right line,
and thus effect the desired cuttings by a reciprocating instead of by a revolving
movement, and is intended to be used in the same manner and for the same
purposes as the apparatus previously described.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Hemingway in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 19th May 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
HEMINGWAY, of Robert Town, in the County of York, Artist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said James Hemingway, Her special licence that I, the said James
Hemingway, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said James Hemingway, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE USED IN THE WORKING, WINNING,' OR
MINING-OF-COAL,-CLAY,-SHALE,-AND-OTHER MINERALS OR EARTHY MATTERS," upon
the condition, amongst others, that I, the said James Hemingway, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Hemingway, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following

page_text: statement in writing, and on reference to the accompanying Drawings, that
is to say:
This Invention relates to a machine or apparatus designed to assist the
workman in the operation of working, "winning," or mining coal, clay, shale,,
and other minerals or earthy matters, and consists, firstly, of a frame, in which,
are mounted a revolving circular saw or saws or cutters, or a revolving -wheel
or wheels, or disc or discs, to which are attached saws or other cutters, either
toothed or edged, separately or combined, as may be found most useful, which
wheel or wheels, disc or discs, saws or cutters are caused to revolve simul-
taneously, either by manual labor, or by steam, or other power. This machine
may be arranged so as to make horizontal, perpendicular, or oblique cuttings,;
and is to be used for the purpose of cutting any square or other formed block of
coal or other matter which it is desired to "win" or get, so as to partially
detach the same from the general mass, and thus render its complete separation
therefrom by the ordinary means much easier than heretofore.
A modification of this apparatus consists of a frame carrying straight saws
or cutters with toothed edges, which are driven by manual labor, or by steam,
or other power, so as to reciprocate backwards and forwards in a right line,
and thus effect the desired cuttings by a reciprocating instead of by a revolving
movement, and is intended to be used in the same manner and for the same
purposes as the apparatus previously described.
Such being the nature and object of my said Invention for "Improvements
in Machinery or Apparatus to be used in the Working, 'Winning,' or Mining
of Coal, Clay, Shale, and other Minerals or Earthy Matters," I will now pro-
ceed to describe more in detail (for the sake of illustration) one modification.
of my improved machinery or apparatus, and in order that the same may be
distinctly understood, I have annexed hereunto a Sheet of Drawings illustra-
tive thereof, and have marked the same with figures and letters of reference
corresponding with those in the following explanation, thereof, that is to
say:
In the annexed Drawing, Figure 1 represents an elevation of a machine for
working, "winning," or "mining" coal or other matter by means of a revolving
cutter with saw teeth on the edge; and Figure 2 is a plan or horizontal view
of the same as seen from above.
__ a, a, represents the framing (which may be of wood or iron), supporting_in_
suitable bearings b, b, the horizontal shaft c, c, driving the vertical shaft d, d...
by means of a pair of bevil wheels e, e; the shaft c, c, itself being driven, in the
first instance, by means of a band passing from the steam engine or other
motive power round the grooved pulley f, f, or by other suitable gearing, or it

page_text: may be driven by manual labor by placing a winch' handle on the squared end
thereof. The vertical shaft d, d, revolves in suitable bearings 9, 9, and carries
at its lower end the cutter plate or disć h, h, in the edge of which are fixed
saw teeth i, i, i. The machine being placed with its grooved wheels k, k, upon
the rails 1, 1, in front of a wall or seam of coal or other matter to be operated
on, the disc or cutter plate h, h, is caused to revolve, and by means of its teeth
will cut a curved groove into the face of the coal or other matter, which groove
may be elongated to any desired extent by propelling the machine slowly along
the rails 1, l, either by hand or otherwise.
may
"It will be evident that the form of the revolving cutter plate and its teeth
be varied to almost any extent, and that various forms of revolving
cutters (not being of the plate or disc form) may be employed, and also that
they may be arranged to cut in a vertical, oblique, or horizontal position, and
that two or more cutters (in parallel positions or otherwise) may be made to
work simultaneously in one machine, without departing from the distinctive or
characteristic features of my Invention as above set forth.
Having now described the nature and object of my said Invention for "Im-
provements in Machinery or Apparatus to be used in the Working Winning"
or Mining of Coal, Clay, Shale, and other Minerals or Earthy Matters,"
together with the manner in which the same is to be or may be performed or
carried into practical effect, I would remark, in conclusion, that I claim as my
Invention,―
Firstly, the improvements in machinery or apparatus to be used for the
above purposes, consisting principally of a revolving circular saw or saws or
cutters, or a revolving wheel or wheels, or disc or discs, to which are attached :
saws or other cutters (either toothed or edged, or both combined), whether the
same are driven by manual or other power.
And, secondly, I claim any modification of the same wherein straight saws
or cutters are caused to reciprocate backwards and forwards in a right line
-for-the-same-purpose,-as-above-described.-
In witness whereof, I, the said James Hemingway, have hereunto_set_my_
hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
JAMES HEMINGWAY. (L.S.)