IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GRINDING, PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE FOR GRINDING GOLD AND OTHER EXPENSIVE COLORS USED BY POTTERS AND OTHERS
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to. Richard Bewley, junior, of Uttoxeter, and Isaac
Cotton, of Longton, both in the County of Stafford, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GRINDING, PARTICULARLY
APPLICABLE FOR GRINDING GOLD AND OTHER EXPENSIVE COLORS USED BY
POTTERS AND OTHERS."
Sealed the 28th April 1871, and dated the 3rd November 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Bewley and
L
Isaac Cotton at the Office of the Commissioners of- Patents, with
their Petition, on the 3rd November 1870.
We, RICHARD BEWLEY, junior, of Uttoxeter, and ºISAAC COTTON, of
Longton, both in the County of Stafford, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GRINDING, PAR-
TICULARLY APPLICABLE FOR GRINDING GOLD AND OTHER EXPENSIVE COLORS USED BY
POTTERS AND OTHERS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in the employment of a slab of glass, marble,
or other suitable material, in which we cause two or more "mullers
"

page_text: "
to move with a motion somewhat similar to that given to a
"muller
when grinding by hand. We accomplish this by causing each "muller"
to revolve round a centre, and at the same time to cause the centres
round which the "mullers" revolve to revolve round the centre of
the slab, or sometimes we prefer to make the "mullers" revolve
round fixed centres, and cause the slab to revolve under them so as 'to
bring every portion of its surface under the action of the "mullers" in.
succession..
'
Our Invention then essentially consists in giving the "mullers" a
revolving motion round centres, which centres themselves have a
revolving motion relatively to the centre of the slab and in the employ-
ment of a number of " mullers on one slab.
"
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Richard Bewley and Isaac Cotton in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 29th April 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, RICHARD
BEWLEY, junior, of Uttoxeter, and ISAAC COTTON, of Longton, both in
the County of Stafford, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Third day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said Richard Bewley, junior, and Isaac Cotton,
Her special licence that we, the said Richard Bewley, junior, and Isaac
Cotton, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
we, the said Richard Bewley, junior, and Isaac Cotton, our executors,
administrators, and assigns; should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR GRINDING, PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE FOR GRINDING GOLD AND
OTHER EXPENSIVE COLORS USED BY POTTERS AND OTHERS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Richard Bewley, junior, and Isaac
Cotton, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing

page_text: under our, or one of our, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said.
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six.
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters.
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Richard Bewley, junior, and Isaac
Cotton, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had
to the accompanying Drawings, and to the letters of reference marked
thereon, that is to say :-
"
"
Our Invention consists in the employment of a slab of glass, marble,
or other suitable material, on which we cause two or more
mullers".
to move with a motion somewhat similar to that given to a "muller"
when grinding by hand. We accomplish this by causing each "muller
to revolve round a centre, and at the same time to cause the centres
round which the "mullers" revolve to revolve round the centre of
the slab, or sometimes we prefer to make the mullers revolve round
fixed centres, and cause the slab to revolve under them so as to bring
every portion of its surface under the action of the "mullers". in
succession.
The accompanying Drawings illustrate the manner in which we prefer
to carry our Invention into effect.
.
Figs. 1, 2, and 3, shew respectively in end elevation, side elevation,
and plan one form of the machine constructed according to our
Invention. On the top of the standards A, A, slides are formed which
support the carriage B in which the slab C is fixed and on which it can
be moved when required; D is a standard fixed on one end of the
standards A. In the upper part of this standard D a slot or slide is
formed into which the back of the beadstock E is fitted so as to be
capable of being raised and lowered by means of the cam F and lever G.
On the top of the headstock are two pedestals I, I, which carry the
shaft J. On one end of this shaft the fly wheel K is fixed, and handle k
if the machine is worked by hand, or a pulley if it is worked by other
power. On the other end of the shaft J there is a bevil pinion L,
which works into the bevil wheel M fixed on the top of the shaft N

page_text: (shewn by dotted lines in Fig. 2) which passes through the front
part of the headstock E. On the bottom end of this shaft the cross-
head O is fixed, which is formed with two or more sockets at equal
distances from the centre. In each socket a spindle P works, on the
top of which pinions Q, Q, are keyed which gear into the central
wheel R fixed to the headstock E so that it cannot revolve. On
the bottom ends of the spindles P carriers S, S, are fixed which are
each provided with two or more sockets which hold the mullers T, T,
by means of the set screws U, U.
'
The action of the machine is as follows:-When motion is given
to the fly wheel the cross head O is caused to revolve, and will carry
with it the spindles P to which the mullers are attached by means
of the carriers S, S, but as the pinions on the top of the spindles
gear into and have to travel round the fixed wheel R they will cause
the spindles P. and consequently the groups of mullers T attached
to them to revolve round their several axes, whilst the whole of
them also revolve round the axis of the shaft N. When the gold
or other substance which is being ground on the slab is ready for
removal the lever G is moved so as to lift the headstock E and
consequently the mullers attached to it clear off the slab, which
can then be moved along the slides on the top of the standards A, A,
so as to be conveniently got at. The mullers can be taken out of
the carriers, cleaned, and replaced. When it is required to put the
machine in action again the slab is moved along the slides until it
comes under the mullers, the cross head is then lowered by means
of the cam and lever until the mullers come in contact with the
slab.
Figs. 4 and 5 are views in elevation, and Fig. 6 is a view in plan
A is
of another arrangement for carrying our Invention into effect.
the slab on which the gold or other substance is to be ground; it
is fixed in the casting B, which has a set of spur teeth formed on
or fixed to its outer edge or circumference. This casting has also
a set of bevil teeth formed on or fixed to its under side, and it has
a boss in the centre into which the top end of the spindle C is fixed,
which works in the footstep D and the bearing D¹ formed in or fixed
to the standard F. G, G, are two pinions which gear into the spur
teeth of the casting B. These pinions are fixed on two spindles which
work in the brackets H which are attached to the standard F. On

page_text: the top of the pinions G cranks I are fixed which work in the ends
of the carrier J. This carrier is formed with a number of holes or
sockets for the reception of as many mullers T as may be required.
K is a bevil pinion working into the bevil teeth under the casting B;
this pinion is keyed on the shaft L which also carries a fly wheel M
and handle or driving pulley. The shaft L is supported by the
bracket N and the bearing E on the standard O, which (as also the
standard F) is bolted to the foundation plate P. Q, Q, are scrapers
held on and pressed against the slab A by springs R, R, which are
supported by means of adjustable nuts S¹, S¹, on the uprights S, S,
fixed to the standard .O, whereby the substance that is being ground
is prevented from getting too near the edge of the slab A. The carrier
is attached to one of the crank pins by means of a pin passing through
the swivel block T¹ which works on the crank pin. The other end of
the carrier is held in place by the handle U which works on the other
crank pin. The crank pins are made sufficiently long to admit the
volute or spiral springs V, V, and lock nuts W, W. By means of these
nuts and springs the pressure of the mullers on the slab can be
regulated. When it is required to remove the mullers the handle U is
turned into the position shewn by the dotted lines in Fig. 6, and then
the carrier is turned up into the position shewn by the dotted lines in
Fig. 4, the pin x which passes through the swivel block acting as a
hinge.
The action of this machine is as follows:-When the fly wheel M
is turned the bevil gear causes the table B and slab A to revolve, the
spur teeth round the edge of which will cause the pinions G, G, and
cranks I, I, also to revolve, but at a quicker speed. The carrier J
will partake of the motion of the cranks and will cause each of the
mullers to describe a circle equal in diameter to the circle described
by the crank pins, while the slab revolving round its own centre will
bring every portion of its surface under the action of the mullers.
When the substance on the slab is sufficiently ground the carrier can
be turned up into the position shown by the dotted lines in Fig. 4, as
above described; the mullers can then be cleaned and removed and
the substance ground removed from the slab by means of a spatula.
Additional pressure is obtained by the springs R, R, and nuts S, S,
or the mullers may be so formed that additional weights may be put
on the top of them as required.
'

page_text: For grinding the very choicest colours, of which only very small
quantities are required, we make a smaller machine, as shewn in plan
at Fig. 7, and in elevation at Fig. 8; it is constructed substantially in
the manner of the machine last described, and it may be fixed on a
table or ordinary work bench as found convenient. In this case we
dispense with the bevil gearing and the standards and work the machine
by means of a handle attached 'to one of the crank pins, as shewn by
the Drawing, where A is a casting having three holes in it for the
reception of the spindles of the revolving slab, carriage B, and spur
pinions C, C. D is the muller carrier, and E is the handle for working
the machine attached to one of the crank pins. The casting A. has a
flange on its under side, by means of which it can be attached to a table
or work bench.
And having now described the nature of our said Invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that we claim as
our improvements in machinery for grinding, particularly applicable
for grinding gold and other expensive colours used by potters and
others,―
First. Giving the mullers a revolving motion round centres, which
centres themselves have a revolving motion relatively to the centre of
the slab, the said compound motion being produced by the machinery
constructed and acting substantially as herein-before described and
illustrated in the accompanying Drawing.
Second. The employment of a number of mullers on one slab caused
to act substantially as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Bewley, junior, for myself
and on behalf of the said Isaac Cotton, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.