Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 30th May, 1888.
Complete Specification Left, 28th Feb., 1889
RE
Complete Specification Accepted, 6th Apr., 1889
We, ALBERT FLEINER, of Aaran, Cement manufacturer, HANS HAUENSOHILD, of
Aaran, Director of Cement Factory, and ALBERT BAUERMEISTER, of Winterthur,
Engineer, all in Switzerland, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:
The object of this invention in the manufacture of Portland-Cement is to give
such a form to the bodies forming the raw material as not to touch each other with flat
or plane surfaces, but only with points, thus permitting to burn them in ordinary
shafts or pit kilns with continuous working, which is not possible with the actual
method of forming the bodies like bricks with plane surfaces.
To obtain the aforesaid results we produce bodies of Portland Cement raw materials,
which can roll, having approximately the shape of balls.
For this purpose one of the ordinary brick-moulding machines, with one or several
mouth-pieces of cylindrical section is used, from which the plastically prepared raw
material emerges as cylindrical streams, which are out into short cylinders, the length
of which is equal to their diameter. For further rounding them off, they are allowed
to fall into half-round channels or tubes having knees or curves, by which after
repeated turning they are shaped into approximately round bodies.
To prevent them from sticking together, during their rolling motion, and to avoid
their sintering or baking together during the process of burning, the channels or tubes
are spread with powdered lime stone or a similar non-smelting substance, so as to form
a crust over the bodies. To hasten the drying process, the channels or tubes may be
heated.
I
FAIRFAX & WETTER,
433, Strand, London,
Agents.
1

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of Portland Cement.
We, ALBERT FLEINER, of Aaran, Cement Manufacturer, HANS HAUENSCHILD, Aaran,
Director of Cement Factory, and ALBERT BAUERMEISTER, of Winterthur, Engineer, all
in Switzerland, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
Our invention has for its principal object to give such a form to the raw material
that it can be burnt in a continuous shaft or pit kiln; it also facilitates the
transport of the moulded raw material, and ensures a more uniform draft in
the kiln.
For this purpose we form the raw material into rounded bodies, so that they
can roll, and do not touch each other with plane surfaces, but as much as possible
only with points. The special shape of these bodies is immaterial, but sharp edges or
corners and large planes should be avoided. Their diameter should not exceed 10
centimeters in order to ensure uniform-burning:
For treating the raw material which has been brought into a plastic condition, we
employ one of the well-known brick presses, with one or more mouthpieces of round
cross section, so as to produce cylindrical streams which are then cut in the well-
known manner into short cylinders, the length of which is preferably equal to the
diameter. These cylinders may be hollow, that is to say, provided with an axial hole of
about 2 centimeters' diameter which renders the drying and burning more rapid and
uniform.
These cylinders are further rounded by causing them to fall on inclined semi-
circular channels, or into inclined tubes having repeated corners or bends, so that the
Baid bodies in rolling over the inclined grooves or through the tubes, are repeatedly
turned to round off the corners or edges.
To prevent the bodies from sticking together on the incline, or from baking together
in the kiln, powdered limestone or similar infusible material is strewn on the or into
the tubes, so as to form a protective crust on the rolling bodies. The channels or tubes
may also be heated to promote the drying of the rolling bodies.
For feeding the kiln we employ likewise channels or tubes, in order to distribute the
material rigidly and equally in the kiln.
The continuous working of the shaft kiln is similar to the of pit kilns for Roman
cement, the raw material and the fuel forming alternate layers, with the difference,
however, that for obtaining the necessary temperature the relative quantity of fuel must
be increased, the burnt cement should be drawn off at the bottom of the kiln at short
intervals not exceeding three hours and only in small quantities at a time, but the supply
of raw material should take place at least twice during each interval (that is twice
between two withdrawals of burnt cement) to prevent the charge from sinking too low
in the kiln.

page_text: The accompanying diagrams illustrate some arrangements of channels and tubes.
Fig. 1. shewing a section of a channel a and of a tube b, the diameter of which
should be about a third larger than that of the cylindrical piece issuing from
the press. The angle between the channel or tube and the horizon should be about
30 degrees at the entrance, and may be much less afterwards, where the bodies have
been partly rounded.
The arrangement and position of the channels or tubes is immaterial, and may be
suited to local convenience, with the condition, however, that the press should be placed
higher than the place of destination to which the bodies are to be transported. If
the press is situated perpendicularly over the said place, we may employ a helically
descending tube as illustrated by Figs. 2, 3, and 4, or a tube provided with corners as
shown in Fig. 5. If the press is situated side-ways above the place of destination of
the bodies, the channels or tubes may be arranged in zig-zag fashion, at any desired
angles, as represented by Fig. 6.
The drawing shows also a hopper, from which the powdered limestone is allowed to
fall upon the cylindrical pieces of raw material coming out of the press.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
In the manufacture of Portland cement, the application of the raw material in the
shape of spheroidal bodies, and the method of forming or producing the same, which
consists in first converting the plastic raw material into short cylinders, and
rounding the same by causing them to roll over inclined channels or through inclined
tubes, having a round cross section and repeated bends or changes of direction, the
adhesion of the round bodies between themselves and to the walls of the kiln being
prevented by coating them with powdered lime stone or other suitable material, sub-
stantially as described and for the purpose specified.
1000
Dated Moms 40th day of our
A. FLEINER.
H. HAUENSCHILD.
A. BAUERMEISTER.
By Fairfax & Wetter,
433, Strand, London,
Agents.