Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Dec., 1886
Complete Left, 10th Sept., 1887
Complete Accepted, 10th Mar., 1888
I, EDMOND DESROZIERS of 16 Rue Taitbout, Paris in the Republic of France,
Electrical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention to be as
follows:
This Invention relates to multipolar and other dynamo electric machinery with
disc, drum or ring armatures with uniform or other alternating fields and with or
without solid metal or iron cores in the armature and it consists essentially in winding
coiling arranging and connecting the sections of the induced parts (or parts in which
the induced currents are produced consisting of plates, bars, rods or wires arranged
in layers or coiled or twisted together) in the form of a simple zig zag or a compound
zig zag or simple and compound zig zags combined being arranged side by side or
overlapping or imbricated and arranged preferably flatwise at the induced parts being
folded over or bent in such a manner as to lie preferably at the intermediate junction
or connecting parts which may be of different material from the induced parts and
may be of any suitable polygonal angular curved or other form being turned down
(flatwise or imbricated) on the surfaces of the support and superposed or laid one over
the other as hereinafter described.
In carrying out this Invention as applied to a Siemens drum armature for example
provided with say six poles the drum is divided into 32 divisions and wire for example
is wound first on divisions 4-9 then on 1-20 and afterwards on 26-31 so that
the action of the opposite convolutions may be cumulative. The convolutions or
coil 1 is connected with the convolutions or coil 11 + 1, the convolution or coil 12
with the convolutions or coil 12 + 11 the convolutions or coil 23 with 23 + 11 or 2
with 12 etc etc and finally the convolution 22 is joined to 22 + 11 or 1 thus
forming the circuit. The several sections of successive convolutions or coils advance
by a constant quantity in the several fields of the same denomination in the same way
as in Gramme or Siemens machines. The several sections are connected with 32
corresponding plates in a collector as in a Gramme or Siemens machine and between
these plates are interposed 64 other plates arranged in natural order (1 to 96) also
connected electrically and by groups with the sections of the armature thus :-

page_text: By placing two brushes in the vicinity of plates 1 and 49 for example or 1 and 17
or by employing 6 brushes regularly distributed (positive and negative alternately) a
continuous current is obtained as in a Gramme or Siemens machine.
The induced coils may be connected with the plates of the collector by employing
thin rings or discs provided with say 3 external arms projections or wings for example
arranged at angles of 120 degrees and each occupying of the circumference and
with one larger arm occupying 3 of the circumference. These arms may be cut
out of the sheet metal or copper plate for example. These plates are piled or packed
together one upon the other insulating material such as paper being placed between
them and being so arranged that in a projection in a plane perpendicular to the axis
of the drum the several arms are clear of one another this cylinder is placed upon
the shaft of the collector and the 3 arms of each plate are bent down upon the
corresponding teeth of the collector and the coils or sections of the armature are
connected with the single corresponding arm.
The joining together or connecting of the induced parts is facilitated by employing
crowns or star shaped supports with arms inclined to one another at angles of say
about 120 degrees for 2 x 3 polarities. These plates are superposed and insulated
one from the other and the coils in which the induced currents originate are laid
directly on the arms.
A flat or "plane disc" armature is constructed as next hereinafter described. By
the expression "plane disc" is meant a plane conical or cylindrical apparatus
provided with relatively thin induced parts formed by plates wires or bars passing
through the magnetic fields formed by poles arranged opposite to one another and
of different or similar polarity. This disc is divided radially into say 32 segments,
or sections. A plate of copper (or wires rods or bars combined together) is laid flat
wise on segments No. 1. At a point near the circumference it is bent at right angles.
and turned or twisted (being cut to suitable shape for example) in such a manner
that it follows either on edge or flatwise a curve or angular line near the circum-
ference of the disc until it reaches segment No. 6 where it is bent again at right
angles in the direction and turned or twisted flatwise so as to return towards the
centre where it is again bent or turned either on edge or flatwise and carried to
segment No. 12 where it is again laid flatwise and radially and the aforesaid bends
and turns are repeated until the disc is suitably covered. By providing the radial or
curved parts with prolongations or arms the connections with the collector may be
made as herein before described. In place of simply bending the metal in single
folds or angles double or other forms of bends or folds may be employed or soldered
rivetted bolted or other joints may be made at the angles if preferred and the
sections may be arranged either concentrically or crossing one another. When
wires are employed a variety of complex combinations of connections or junctions
in tension or in quantity may be obtained.
This system of winding (unless the plates are made half the length of the
segment and overlapped or imbricated produces two series of sections of plates or
coils laid together and which may be separated by a star shaped support. The radial
plates are connected with the driving shaft in a special manner by the intervention
of a species of collector (inactive or otherwise) pressed between checks on the
shaft. If the friction be not considered sufficient to produce the driving action these
cheeks may be provided with teeth set forward of one another and engaging with
radial plates or discs or other hard insulating or insulated plates arranged between
the aforesaid radial plates may be inserted between the gripping cheeks. If necessary
the radial plates may be thicker at the base or centre than at the circumference.
When wire is employed the star shaped supports are provided with suitable
notches or openings and the wire may be doubled or bent back upon itself so as to
form layers which may be combined together zig zag fashion. The openings for the
wire may be bound or connected together over entire segments or distributed
regularly over the entire circumference. These openings or notches may be in the
form of steps so that the wire covers the entire surface of the ring or disc or it may
be arranged to cover portions only with intervals between. The succeeding sections

page_text: may be arranged alternately on opposite sides of the star shaped support except when
they are joined alternately end to end. Various arrangements may be employed
with plates or bars or wires with imbricated or overlapping layers or sections and
the radial or nearly radial wires may be turned back towards the middle of the
imbricated layers in order to diminish the intermediate iron or these radial wires
may be brought back excentrically to the layers and corresponding series may be
bound or laid together side by side in pairs.
This system of winding is also applicable to alternate current machines. For
this purpose it is simply necessary to divide the circumference of the armature for
example into four series of segments or sections for example and to connect the
corresponding parts in such a manner as to obtain 4 circuits of the same power.
These armatures are so thin that they can be conveniently arranged between (or
on the crowns of) alternating armatures of other systems such as those of Siemens,
De Meritens and others. These machines may thus be rendered self-exciting with
great advantage either by constant currents or by currents converted by a suitable
commutator. This system of winding is applicable to armatures with or without
iron cores for example a suitably acting magnetic substance may be introduced
between the imbricated layers. This simple zig zag or the compound zig zag method
of winding may evidently be applied to a Siemens drum internally and externally.
In this case the annular connecting parts assume a cylindrical form. This method of
winding is also applicable to Gramme rings for example by alternating arrangements.
Ventilation and insulation may be provided for by means of filling pieces introduced
between the connections..
Dated this 11th day of December 1986
J. HENRY JOHNSON,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agent for the said Edmond Desroziers.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Dynamo Electric Machinery.
I EDMOND DESROZIERS of 16 Rue Taitbout Paris in the Republic of France
Electrical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this Invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
This Invention relating to Dynamo Electric machinery consists in improved
methods of winding arranging supporting and connecting the coils of the armatures
or induced parts as hereinafter described.
The Invention consists more particularly in the construction of disc armatures for
multipolar machines.
The electrical and mechanical conditions essential to the
effective working of these armatures have not heretofore been complied with in such
a manner as to completely realize the advantages which they are theoretically
calculated to afford but by means of my Invention the difficulties heretofore attending
the construction of these armatures have been removed and an armature is obtained
fulfilling all the conditions which are essential to obtaining the maximum useful
effect.
The thickness of the armatures constructed according to my Invention is reduced to
an absolute minimum so that the poles of the inducing or field magnets on each side
of the armature are enabled to be placed close together so as to obtain magnetic fields
of great intensity. The induced parts cut the lines of magnetic force at right angles
and are supported by a strong and compact arrangement as hereinafter described in
which ample provision is made for ventilating and insulating the parts.
My improved system of winding is based on the principle of a zig-zag winding
which may be represented by the formula n p ± 1; n being the number of pairs of
poles and
the number of divisions on the armatures to be included between the
beginnings of two successive sections in the order of winding.
P
In order that my Invention may be perfectly understood I will first proceed to
explain the theory of the n p ± 1 winding, after which I will explain my improved
winding and show how it enables the system to be carried out in practice.
To explain the n p± 1 winding I will take for example a drum armature in which
there are 11 divisions between the beginnings of each successive sections and 3 pairs
of magnetic poles are arranged symmetrically around the armature. Consequently by
the application of the above formula n being
3 and p = 11 the total number of
-
divisions on the armature will be 32 = 3 x 11
- 1. This arrangement is illustrated
by a diagram Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings in which the poles are
marked N S¹ N' S N³ S³ and the 32 divisions on the armature are distinguished
by corresponding numerals from 1 to 32.
Commencing at division 1 the first section is formed by wrapping the wire round
divisions 1 and 6 as indicated in the drawing divisions 2, 3, 4 and 5 being left
vacant. The number of divisions included between the beginning of the first section
and the beginning of the next being 11 in this example the next section in the order

page_text: of winding begins on division 12 and the section is formed by wrapping the wire on
divisions 12 and 17 (13 14 15 and 16 being left vacant). The next section is formed
in like manner on 23 and 28 the next on 2 and 7 and so on until the armature is
completed.
The beginning of each section is connected with the beginning of the next section
in the order of winding that is to say, the beginning of a section at 1 is connected
with the beginning of a section at 12, the beginning of a section at 12 with the
beginning at 23 as indicated by the lines a and so on until the armature is complete
when the beginning of the last section is connected with the beginning of the first
thus constituting a closed coil armature. Each section is connected by lines b with a
corresponding plate in the commutator as is well understood. The sections thus
arranged advance by a constant quantity in the fields of the same denomination as in
a Siemens or Gramme machine and the action of the diametrically opposite
convolutions is cumulative.
This system of winding involves overlapping or crossing the coils a result attended
with serious disadvantages especially in the case of disc armatures as indicated in
Figure 2 owing to the extra thickness produced and to the mechanical difficulties met
with in providing suitable supports for the wires or other conductors forming the
induced parts.
Now according to my Invention I employ a system of winding which I represent
by the formula 2 (n p± 1) m. In this formula 2 n represents the number of magnetic
fields and p the number of divisions in the armature over which the coils or their
connections extend as hereinafter explained, this number p is determined according to
the number or quantity of induced radial parts requisite to produce the current to be
supplied by the machine and is a characteristic of the winding that is to say when the
number is odd p represents the number of divisions included in the convolutions or
coils of each section and when the number is even p represents the number of
divisions passed over by the connection of the sections so that 2 p± 1 represents the
number of divisions between the inlets or beginnings of two consecutive sections in
the order of winding. Thus in the first instance (odd numbers) the number of
divisions included in the coils of each section is = p and the number passed over
between two consecutive sections is represented by p + 1 or by p-1. In the second
instance (even numbers) p represents the number passed over between the sections
and p +1 or p
1 the number included in the coils of each section.
-
In order to determine the value of this factor p the nature of the current to be
furnished by the machine the diameter of the armature and the length and sectional
area to be covered by the wire or conductor forming the induced part and other
electrical and mechanical conditions such as are well understood by electrical
engineers must be taken into consideration.
The result of making the number of divisions
=
2 (np±1) is that the end of the
last section of each series of n sections formed in carrying the wire once round
the armature invariably coincides with the beginning of the first section of the next
series of n section and is one division in advance of or one division in the rear of the
beginning of the first section of the preceding series of n section.
=
In the above formula m also represents the number of convolutions in each section,
each section being provided with 2 induced parts arranged radially in disc armatures
and parallel to the axis in drum armatures. The number of radial induced parts
being consequently 2 m in each section and 2 (np±1) 2 m in the armature.
The value of m or the number of wires in each of the two induced parts in each
section and the proportion between this number and the number of divisions depend
on the diameter of the armature and the consequent available space for the holes and
connecting parts on the inner or central rings and is limited by the size of the holes
that can be made in these rings without impairing their strength. In the case of an
armature of large diameter the number of divisions (p) is greater in proportion and
the number of convolutions (m) in each section is smaller in proportion than in an
armature of less diameter but containing the same total length of induced parts.

page_text: The arrangement of the sections on the armature will be better understood by
referring to the diagram Figure 3. In this diagram the armature is divided into
32 sections sections only are indicated in the drawing to avoid confusion. The
curves Rc connecting two consecutive sections extend in this case over p + 1 = 6
divisions from 1 to 7, 12 to 18, 23 to 29 &c. whilst the 2 radial parts c d and ht of
each section are separated by 5 divisions and connected by curves d h extending from
7 to 12, 18 to 23, 29 to 2 &c. Each section thus comprises two connecting parts as
indicated at R c and d h and two radial induced parts as indicated at c d and ht.
=
This arrangement is suitable for a machine with 3 pairs of magnetic fields and the
number represented by p, being the number of divisions in the armature between the
two radial induced parts of each section is = 5. There being only one wire indicated
in each radial induced part m is equal to 1. According to the formula the number of
divisions in this armature is 2 (3 x 5 + 1) 32 as indicated in the diagram and
the number of divisions between the beginning of one section and the beginning of
the next is 2 x 5 + 1
=
11.
=
Thus in continuing to form sections similar to the three sections shown by the
lines Rcdht in figure 3 there will be 32 elements formed on the armature. To
show how every particular part of each section of winding proceeds and regularly
advances I hereafter form a table in which the first vertical Column is composed of
the numerals at which the connecting curves Rc begin whilst the two following
columns represent the numerals of the divisions corresponding to the two radial parts
of each such sections. It will also be readily understood that the connecting
curves Rc extend between the numerals in the two first columns and that the
connecting curves d h extend between the numerals in the second and third vertical
columns.
In this fashion and following the wire in the order of the winding we pass

page_text: parts and all can consequently be kept in one plane. This is a very important feature
of the mode of winding as it enables me to form a great many combinations with the
same winding by angularly displacing the two halves of the armature as explained
hereafter.
Figures 4, 5, and 6 explain the method of winding and supporting the wire in a
disc armature wound according to my invention. The wire is supported at the cir-
cumference of the armature by two similar insulating rings A Figure 4 and A¹
Figure 5 and is supported at the centre by two other similar rings C C¹ Figures
and 5. In the completed armature the rings A¹ (Figure 5 are placed at the back
of the rings AC Figuro 4 the four rings A A¹ CC¹ being bolted to a star shaped non
magnetic support T placed between them as indicated in Figure 6 which represents
the rings in section. Each ring is provided with a suitable number of holes for the
reception of the wire. A limited number only of these holes is shown in the drawing at o
the others being omitted to avoid confusion. During the operation of winding these
rings are temporarily supported concentrically to one another by annular supports
which fill the space between the inner and outer rings as indicated by dotted lines
at p in Figure 6 and are removed when the winding is completed.
When the rings A C and A¹ C¹ have been filled with wire as hereinafter explained
they are placed on opposite sides of the star shaped support T and firmly fixed in
position by any suitable means such as screw bolts passing through the rings and
through the star shaped support. In the example illustrated there are 32 divisions in
the armature each division being indicated by corresponding numerals ranged around
the outer rings. Beginning with the wire descending at the back or inner side of the
ring A at 1 Figure 4 this wire is brought through the hole at R near the circum-
ference or outer edge to the front or outer side of this ring and extends along this
side of the ring from 1 to 7 describing a curve Rc of the nature of an evolvent.
Having thus passed over 6 divisions the wire is passed through a hole at c near the
inner edge of the ring corresponding to division 7 being carried through the ring
from front to back or from the outer to the inner side. At the back of the ring the
wire proceeds in the direction of the centre of the ring in a straight radial line as
indicated at thus forming the first induced part of the first section. This wire passes
along the inner side or behind the central ring C as indicated by the dotted line until
it reaches a hole at d near the inner edge of this ring through which hole it is
brought out to the front or outer side of the ring C and is then carried along the
surface of this ring (describing a curve d h of the nature of an evolvent) from
the hole near the inner edge corresponding with division 7 to a hole at / near
the outer edge corresponding with division 12. Through this hole the wire returns
to the back or inner side of the ring C and then proceeds in a radial direction
to the circumference of the armature at 12 thus forming the second induced part f
of this section. In the finished armature the wire at 12 on the ring A Figure 4
is united to another wire situate at 12 on the ring A' Figure 5. This second
wire is threaded through a series of holes in the rings A¹ and C¹ in a similar
manner to the wire hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 4 as will be
readily understood by reference to Figure 5 which show the inner sides of the
rings A and C¹ the outer sides of the rings A and C being represented in
Figure 4. The section of wire beginning at 12 on the ring A¹ ends at 23 on
the same ring where it is united to the beginning of a wire proceeding from the
corresponding point also marked 23 on the ring A Figure 4.
This wire is threaded through the holes at 23 and 29 in the rings A C Figure 4
in precisely the same manner as herein before described with reference to the holes
at 1 and 7 and ends at 2 on the circumference of the ring A. Here it is united
to the beginning of a corresponding wire on the rings A¹ (Figure 5.
This wire ends at 13 where it is joined to a corresponding wire on the ring A
this wire and the succeeding wires being all omitted in the drawing to avoid con-
fusion being all similarly arranged to the wires hereinbefore described but threaded
through different holes. It will be understood that by proceeding in this manner
all the divisions will be ultimately filled with wire the end of the last wire being

page_text: situated at the point 1 where it is united to the beginning of the first wire and
thus closes the circuit.
When the rings are thus filled with wire exactly one half of the wire employed
in the armature is on the rings A C the other half being on the rings A (and the
armature is now completed by placing the rings together on the star shaped support T
Figure 6 and uniting the corresponding ends of wire projecting at the circum-
ference.
In practice the wires connecting the induced radial parts f f¹ on the central
rings C or C are extended in a direction parallel with the axis to form connections
with collector plates as hereinafter explained these ends of wire forming connections
with the collector are omitted in Figures 4 and 5 to avoid confusion.
In order that the radial parts in which currents are induced in opposite directions
may not be placed in juxtaposition, so that one current neutralises the other both pairs
of rings are shifted angularly in opposite directions to the extent of half á division
before the rings are bolted together. This evidently involves prolonging the connec-
tions between successive sections to the extent of half a division beyond the points
indicated in the drawing in order to effect the junction of the ends of the wires as
indicated in Figure 12 between 52 (front section) and 1 (back section). The parts of
the wires that connect one radial part with another describe curves of the nature of
an evolvent or evolute on the outer surfaces only of the rings all the radial parts being
situated inside or between the rings. The peculiar curves described by the connecting
wires being situated out of the section of the magnetic fields have no connection with
the electrical condition of the wire but are simply the mechanical result of crowding
together a number of connecting wires disposed in the manner described. The radial
induced wires may be superposed and form two or more thicknesses or layers at the
part nearest to the centre and one thickness or layer only at the ring (a wire of one
layer being placed between two wires of the other layer).
Strips of sheet copper may be employed in place of the wire described with reference
to Figures 4 and 5." In this case the copper strips are arranged and insulated on a
central non-magnetic star shaped support in a similar manner to the wire and the
supporting rings A CA' C¹ may be dispensed with, the radial induced parts of the
strip being arranged in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation and the connecting
parts being arranged on edge so as to give sufficient rigidity to the structure. The
radial induced parts are cut in the form of sections as indicated in Figure 7. The
connecting parts between the radial induced parts of the strip on the contrary are
arranged at right angles to the induced parts. This arrangement enables the induced
part of the armature between the field magnets to be made as thin as possible and at
the same time enables the connections to be kept separate so as to be effectually
insulated.
According to another modification illustrated in elevation in Figure 8 and in section
in Figure 9 which represent a portion only of the armature the radial induced parts
of the armature are composed of independent copper plates y in the form of sectors
and the connecting parts are composed of wires y soldered or otherwise directly con-
nected to the ends of the plates y which in the arrangement illustrated are provided
with bolts and nuts B for connecting and supporting the connecting wires. The radial
induced plates y are supported at the centre of the armature between a pair of
collars D fitted on the armature shaft D and provided on their inner surfaces with
teeth or projections which engage with enlargements on the ends of the plates y
when the collars D¹ are drawn together by bolts b. At their outer ends the said
induced parts are supported between a couple of rings a secured by bolts. A thin
disc or layer of insulating material is interposed between the plates y.
In these arrangements m being taken as representing 1 there is only ono turn or
coil of the wire or strip in each section, each section being composed of two radial parts
thus constituting what I term a simple zigzag winding but each section may be formed
with any other suitable number m of turns or coils forming what is hereinafter referred
to as a compound zigzag winding.
The course of the wire or conductor in a section formed by the simple zigzag

page_text: winding is illustrated by a diagram in Figure 10. In this case the wire in each
section proceeds in the direction of the line S R c d ght being interrupted between d
and where it is connected with the collector plates as hereinafter explained.
Figure 11 is a diagram illustrating the arrangement of the wire in a section formed
by the compound zigzag winding. In this case the wire proceeds in the direction of
the lines Red g h i j k l m n pq t the connection with the collector being formed
between d and gas in Figure 10. In Figures 10 and 11 the connection between the
section illustrated and the preceding section in the order of winding is made at s and
the connection with the succeeding section at t. In the sections on the other side of
the armature there is no break in the continuity of the wire between d and h.
An example of this method of winding is illustrated in Figure 12 which also serves
as an example of 2 (np-1) m (with m= 3) winding the preceding examples
being 2 (np + 1) m (with m= = 1). The armature illustrated in Figure 12 is con-
structed for 3 pairs of magnetic fields as in the arrangements hereinbefore described
but is divided into 52 divisions - 2 (np 1) 2 (3 × 9-1).
=
-
-
The winding illustrated in Figure 12 being calculated according to the formula
2 (up 1). The end of the 3rd section in place of being 1 division in advance
and coinciding with division 2 as in Figures 4 and 5-(2 (np + 1) m) is 1 division
behind and coincides with division 52 where it is connected with the beginning of the
next section in the order of winding (divisions 8 and 17) which is omitted in the
figure to avoid confusion.
According to this arrangement Figure 12 the wire forming the section beginning
at division proceeds along the outer surface of the outer ring A to division 9 where
it forms a radial induced part connected on the inner ring C with the second radial
induced part of this section on division 18 as herein before described with reference to
Figures 4 and 5 but the induced part at division 18 instead of being connected with
the section on divisions 26 and 35 (being the next section in the order of winding)
is carried back along the outer surface of the ring A to division 9 where it forms
another radial induced part inside and between the rings proceeding from the ring A
to the ring C as before. In this manner the number of wires in each of the 2 radial
induced parts of each section may be increased to m = 3 as in the example illustrated
or to any other suitable number. The series of wires in each section is arranged
similarly to the copper strip Figure 7 hereinbefore described that is to say the wires
in the radial induced parts are arranged side by side in a plane perpendicular to the
axis of the armature and the m wires of each section forming the connections on the
rings A and C are arranged one above the other in planes at right angles to the plane
of the induced or radial parts as indicated in the-drawing.
The method of fixing the supporting wings A. C. A¹ C¹ on the shaft is illustrated
more clearly in Figure 13 which represents a section taken through the armature in
the plane of its axis. When the said supporting rings are made of metal as in the
example illustrated they are covered on their inner sides by rings a of insulating
material but when the said supporting rings are composed of insulating or non-
conducting material these insulating rings a are dispensed with. During the operation
of winding or putting on the wire the inner and outer rings are connected and
maintained in the proper relative positions by means of temporary supports as herein-
before described with reference to Figure 6. One of these supports is also shown in
section at p on the right hand side of Figure 13. This support being removed after
the rings
have been fixed in position the radial inclined parts fare exposed and can
be rotated in close proximity to the poles of field magnets arranged on each side of
the arinatures as indicated on the left hand side of the same figure at N¹ S².
The inner or central rings C. C are fixed upon insulated bosses or collars E which
are fitted on to the shaft and are bolted together by bolts b. A star shaped support
or wheel T
supported at the centre between these two bosses and forms an important
part of the armatures constructed according to my invention and is hereinafter more
fully described.
When connected by the aforesaid temporary supports p the supporting rings form
a firm and solid disc or winding plate which can be placed in any convenient position

page_text: for inserting the short lengths of wire employed to form the sections composing
the armature.
solid
In place of employing these removable supports the wire may be placed upon
discs or winding plates of nonconducting material which after the wire has been
placed in position and the discs have been connected to the central support T are put
on a lathe and cut out in such a manner that the radial parts of the wires are exposed
are exposed in the same way as in the armatures constructed with rings as hereinbefore
described.
Figures 14 and 15 represent respectively an elevation and a section of a portion of
an armature constructed with wires arranged on supporting rings A. C. A¹ C¹ com-
posed of insulating material. These rings are secured upon the armature shaft D by
means of collars D₁ as indicated more clearly in the sectional view. Figure 15 and
bolts and nuts bare employed to press the rings together upon a star shaped support
or disc T. The supporting rings A. A¹ C. Care made with annular grooves or
recesses on their outer sides in which the connecting curves or wires R c and d h are
contained and the support T presents a series of radial arms Fig. 14 preferably so
arranged that an arm is situated at the back of each radial induced part of the con-
ductor and the openings between the arms coincide with the intervals between the
said induced parts which in the example illustrated are each formed by 6 wires.
The central star shaped support T requires to possess considerable strength and
rigidity combined with lightness and must be divided as hereinafter described in
order to prevent the formation of secondary currents therein. With these objects the
arms of the support T are connected to the supporting rings as indicated in Figures 16
and 17 which represent a star shaped support made with six arms marked 1. 2. 3. 4. 56
connecting the boss or central part of the support with a rim T¹. This rim is cut or
divided between the arms into 6 sections there being one section carried by each arm.
These sections are electrically connected alternately to two rings K and K¹ carrying
the rings on which the wire is wound (these latter being omitted in the drawing.)
The rim sections T¹ being connected to the rims K and K alternately the arms 1. 3.
and 5 are connected to the ring K¹ on one side of the armature and insulated from
the ring K on the other side and the arms 2. 4. 6 are connected to the ring K and
insulated from the ring K¹.
This arrangement is suitable for a machine with six magnetic fields but the number
of arms and rin sections may be increased if desired in order to strengthen the
support by increasing the number to 12 or any other suitable multiple of the number
of fields.
the
By means of this arrangement the currents which tend to be generated
support are inverted and their action reduced to a minimum in practice. The arms
may be curved or arranged tangentially in place of radiating in straight lines from
the centre of the armature as in the example illustrated.
In machines provided with drum armatures according to my invention the support
of the induced part is constructed with arms or bars arranged parallel with the axis of
the drum being supported at both ends and in the centre when required by discs or
radial arms being insulated from and combined with the parallel bars on the same
principle as the star shaped central support of the disc armatures hereinbefore
described or otherwise.
The field magnets are supported in any ordinary or convenient manner and are
usually arranged around or externally to the drum but in the case of large drums
they may if preferred be arranged internally or inside the drum being mounted loosely
on the shaft or otherwise. When mounted loosely on the shaft they are retained in
the proper position by the attraction of the external magnets.
In ordinary multipular machines the sections being arranged symmetrically on the
armature the inductive action proceeds in the same manner in all the sections of any
given series of corresponding sections that is to say all the corresponding sections pass
the neutral points at the same moment but in the present machine owing to the
system of winding to the formula 2 (n p±1) the sections are not symmetrically
arranged relatively to the field magnets so that in the case of a machine with six

page_text: magnetic fields for example the succeeding sections of each series of 3 sections in the
order of winding do not all pass the neutral points at the same moment. This would
have the effect of producing violent short circuited currents in the sections and
sparking at the brushes if each were connected to a single plate in the collector.
Let us suppose the case of 2 × 3 polarities as shown in diagram Figure 18. The
sections are in their natural order a¹ a² a³ b¹ &c. each section being supposed to be
connected to a single plate of the collector. Let a be the position of one of the
neutral points or position of a brush on the collector. This brush would thus suddenly
'pass from a' to 6' in other words a' a' a³ would at the same time be out of the action
of the brushes.
Figure 19 is a diagram of the magnetic fields. N¹ S₁ N² S² is the distance of the
successive poles and O. X the direction of the circulation of the induced section. The
magnetic field is represented by a series of two curves D. E and F G appearing as
straight lines in the diagram (being projected on a plane) connected by two rapid
curves E. o and F. o similarly represented with a junction or inflicted line 01 02. As
shown in the diagram, section a¹ Figure 18 produces in passing the brushes an electro
motive force practically proportionate to triangle O, O¹ 1 Figure 19. Section a²
duces on the other hand an electro motive force proportionate to trapezium 1. 2. 5 0¹
and Section a produces an electro motive force practically proportionate to
trapezium 2. 3. E. 5.
pro-
If the three sections are being passed at one and the same time it is evident that the
electro motive force of the 3 sections will be far greater than three times that produced
by the single section A¹ not even taking into consideration the action or effects of self-
induction &c. On the whole this will have the effect of producing a detrimental
excess of sparking at the brushes and violent short circuited currents in the sections.
In order to reduce these effects to such a degree as to allow the practical working
of the machine it would be necessary to considerably increase the number of induced
sections.
The means used according to my invention to reduce these detrimental effects
without increasing the number of sections consists in providing between every two
plates such as between the two plates a' and Figure 18 of the collector two additional
consecutive plates one of which is connected with Section a' and the other one of
which is connected with Section a³. In this fashion only one plate at a time is passed
in front of the brushes and the aforesaid detrimental influences aro kept strictly pro-
portionate to the small triangle O. 01 1 in Figure 19. It is important to remark that
this triangle being practically small the length of same in the direction O. X. can
be increased in other words the number of sections may be reduced thus attaining the
desired result.
In order to obviate the disadvantages hereinbefore described the sections are
connected with the collector plates as next hereinafter explained with reference to
figure 20.
The number of collector plates is increased to n times the number of sections or in
general made equal to 2n (np±1) multiplied or divided by N this latter factor being
either an entire or fractional number dependent on the current to be obtained with the
smallest possible number of collector plates. Thus the number of plates will be a
multiple n of the number of sections, n plates being connected to each section,
(N being in this case equal to 1) or the number of plates may be a multiple of a sub-
multiple of n times the number of sections (N being in this case a fractional number)
and the sections in this case being grouped together either in tension or in
quantity.
In the case of a machine with 52 Sections as illustrated in figure 20 for example
the value of N is determined by the respective value of n and and the condition of
the sections being coupled together in pairs in tension thus reducing the number of
connections to half the number of sections. N is thus made equal to and represents
the proportion between the number of sections and the number of connections to be
made with the commutator and the product of N by the number of sections thus

page_text: (52) in the armature multiplied by n thus (×52 × 3) gives the number of
plates to be used in the commutator 78.
=
According to the arrangement illustrated in Figure 20 to the wires dg proceeding
from two sections one on each side of the armature (as indicated in figs. 10 & 11) a third
wire is soldered and the prolongations g¹ gg³ fig. 20 of these three wires are connected
to 3 plates in a collector R, a portion only of these plates being indicated in the drawing.
Upon the armature shaft between the armature and the collector there is a disc V
presenting a series of holes through which the wires are threaded as hereinafter
explained. Each pair of wires d and 9. proceeding from the armature (being 5 of
each only of these wires indicated in the drawing the others being omitted to avoid
confusion) is divided into 3 branches g¹ g² g³. The branches g¹ pass through the
disc U and proceed directly to the corresponding plates in the collector as indicated
in the diagram. The branches g² are carried in a curved direction along the front
side of the disc U and pass through the latter at a point situated at an angle of 120 to
the left from the point where the corresponding wires g¹ pass through the disc.
The second branches g' are thus enabled to be connected to collector plates situate
on the collector at an angle of 120° to the left from the plates to which the first
branches are connected. The third branches 93 pass through the disc along with
the branches g¹ and proceed along the other side of the disc and on reaching a point
situated at an angle of 120° to the right from the point where the first branches pass
through the disc proceed to the third series of collector plates situated between and
at an angle of 120° from the two others. By these means each pair of sections is
connected to three collector plates forming angles of 120° with one another.
When it is desirable to employ a relatively greater number of collector plates in pro-
portion to the number of sections it is more convenient to form the branches on a
series of discs carrying sectors connected by spirally curved strips of copper and
arranged as hereinafter described.
In the case of an armature with 40 sections and three pairs of poles for example
combined with a collector having 120 plates, each section being connected to 3. col-
lector plates I employ the arrangement illustrated by the diagram figure 21. which is
suitable for connecting singly 40 sections to 120 collector plates. In this diagram 4
only of the wires from the armature are indicated at g. proceeding from 4 successive
Sections marked 1. 2. 3 and 4 on the right hand of the diagram that is to say from
4 successive sections in the order of winding such sections being situated at angles of
about 120 degrees on the armature. Between the armature and a collector R there are
arranged on the armature shaft a series of 4 discs U₁U U³ U and each of these discs
carries 30 insulated conducting plates (3 only being indicated at u on each disc in the
drawing) connected with one another by spiral strips u¹ proceeding from the outer
end of each plate to the inner or central end of a plate at an angle of 120 degrees from
it. As there are 30 plates on each of the 4 discs the total number of plates is 120 and
each plate is connected to a separate collector plate by wires or strips g¹ g² 9³.
For example the wire or strip g from section 1 of the armature is connected to the
plate marked 1 on the disc U₁ and this plate is connected by 3 spirals u' to two other
plates situated at angles of 120 degrees at 11 and 21 on the same disc. The plate at 1
on the disc U is connected by a wire or strip gl to a plate marked 1 on the collector R
the plate at 11 on the disc U is connected by a wire or strip g² to a plate at 41 on the
collector and the plate at 21 on the said disc is connected by a wire or strip g³ to a
plate at 81 on the collector. In like manner the section 2 on the armature is con-
nected through plates 2. 12 and 22 and spirals u¹ on the disc U2 to 3 other
wires g¹ g² g³ proceeding respectively to plates at 2. 42 and 82 on the collector R.
The sections 3 and 4 of the armature are similarly connected through the plates 3. 13
and 23 and 4. 14 and 24 spirals u' u' on the discs U³ U with collector plates at 3. 43, 83.
and 4. 44. 84.
In the same manner the next wires from the section 5 in the order of winding in
the armature are connected through a similar series of plates and spirals (not shown
in the drawing) on the disc U¹ to plates 5, 45, 85 on the collector and so on until each

page_text: section in the armature is connected with 3 plates in the collector each of such
plates forming an angle of 120 degrees with the two other collector plates converted
to the same section.
In practice the discs are arranged as indicated in figures 22 and 23 being
provided with metallic sector shaped plates arranged radially on opposite sides of
an insulating disc U so that two series of plates u are carried by one insulating
disc.
To the outer or circumferential end of one plate of each series of 3 plates u is
soldered a copper strip g connected directly to the armature. The same end of this
plate u is also connected by a spiral strip u with the inner or central end of a plate u¹¹
situated at an angle of 120 degrees and the inner or central end of the plate u is
similarly connected to the outer end of a third plate at u21 on the other side which in
turn is connected in like manner with the plate u as indicated in figure 22.
The three plates and are directly connected by copper strips g' g² g³ at
their outer extremities to corresponding plates in the collector as herein before
described with reference to figure 21. By arranging the sector shaped plates as
indicated in figures 22 and 23. 2 insulating discs U are enabled to carry 4 series of
sector plates forming the branch connections between the armature and the collector
as hereinbefore explained with reference to the diagram figure 21.
The arrangement based on the employment of 2 (np + 1) divisions forming 2
(n+1)2 m radial induced parts in the armature and grouping and combining the
same with a collector the number of plates in which is regulated according to the
formula 2 n. (np± 1) multiplied or divided by N as hereinbefore explained constitutes
an important feature of my invention and by regulating the numerical value of the
factors represented by n. p. m and N according to the nature of the work to be done
by the machine the greatest facility is afforded for calculating the number of sections,
the number of coils in each section and the number of plates in the collector in such
a manner as to obtain a maximum of useful effect.
It is evident that the arrangements herein before described by way of example and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings may be modified in various ways or applied
to other types of machines without departing from the principles embodied in my
invention. For example
The curves of the junctions or connecting parts such as Rc and d figure 7 in place
of being oblique or inclined as shown in the drawing may evidently be of circular form
or polygonal or angular and especially when arranged flatwise may be of any shape
rectilinear for example:-The forms of the induced elements can be varied considerably,
for example, forms with magnetic substances may be employed as in the Wilde or
De Meritens coils, and the like, forms without magnetic substance as in the arrange-
ment illustrated in Figure 2 can also be used. This figure relates to disc machines
with elements a b c d imbricated or overlapping as represented in elevation in the said
figure 2.
I have up to the present considered the case of an induced armature without iron.
These windings may evidently also be applied to armatures with magnetic cores.
Between the zigzags or layers or inside these zigzags or layers for instance a
magnetic substance may be introduced in any known fashion.
In the same way the simple or compound zigzag winding may be applied inside or
outside of a Siemens Drum or even across a Gramme ring. In the case of the drum
the connections may be made on a conical surface the area of which would practically
be the same as that of the drum itself and in this latter case the connections would
conveniently takes a helicoidal shape.
These connections formed on a cylindrical or conical surface may be utilized with
advantage in the case of a disc armature (with magnetic or non-magnetic core) the
notches or holes are thus kept further away from the shaft and allow of a larger section
of the same.
The original fashion of winding is moreover susceptible of important improvements
allowing the number of the induced elements to be still further reduced. Let us
suppose the case of the winding after the compound zigzag fashon with 2 x 3 polarities..

page_text: 2
Also suppose 52 divisions viz: 2 (3 × 9 − 1) divisions with 3 (0×5-4) 2 plates on
the collector. I illustrate this winding in the diagram figure 24 as a simple zigzag in
order to show it more clearly. One element formed between two outlets of the current
is composed of the successive radial elements 1-10-18- and 27. The elements 1
and 27 are diametrically opposite each other whereas the elements 10 and 18 are
closer together than is desirable for the reduction of the electro motive power of the
clement.
In order to avoid detrimental effects the position of the radial elements 10 and 18
is slightly altered so as to reduce their electro motive force. With this object I may
either displace these elements radially thereby reducing the width at my disposal for
the induced elements-or else I may deflect them obliquely according to mean
lines 10-10 or 18-18' figure 24. This last disposition is evidently far more advan-
tageous, as I can then give to the elements all the available extension. Of course these
displacements can be practiced to a limited extent only as the wires of two neighbouring
elements must not encroach on one another.
In the case of the simple zigzag winding it will be found also that it would bo
advisable to alter the position of the 4 radial elements between two outlets of current
such as 1-10-18-27 viz the first and third being shifted towards 27 and the second
and fourth towards 1 in the case of 68 divisions and 102 plates on the collector for
example.
The mode of zigzag winding hereinbefore described may be adopted in cases when
the number of sections is different from (np±1) 2. For example, let the circum-
ference be divided into 3 × 30 parts numbered 1 to 90 and the winding proceeded
with as hereinbefore described taking the segments in the following order viz: (the
outward going plates only being referred to.
As the plates 1-31-61 in the same horizontal line produce the same electro motive
force they may be connected either in quantity or in tension as in ordinary multipolar
machines. In this case the number of plates in the collector will be 3 × 30× N
or 3 x 30 N. Although less advantageous this disposition with n p divisions may be
admitted in certain cases especially in connecting the n elements which are in the
same phases or advancing symmetrically in the n magnetic fields of same denominators
and my invention includes the employment of such disposition when required.
When wires are employed very complex combinations of functions in tension or in
quantity may be obtained on this principle.
The system of winding is also applicable to alternate current machines. For this
purpose it is simply necessary to divide the circumference of the armature into four
series of segments or sections for example and to connect the corresponding plates in
such a manner as to obtain 4 circuits of the same power (although not truly
synchronous in their action) thus :-
In any case owing to the reduced thickness of an induced part or armature of this
description it can be conveniently arranged at the side or the crowns or rings of
alternating armature coils or induced parts of other systems such as those of Siemens,
De Meritens and others. These machines may thus be rendered self exciting with
great advantage either by constant currents or by currents converted by any suitable
means.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my invention
I wish it to be understood that I am aware of the fact that armatures for multipolar
machines have been constructed with zigzag winding with and without magnetic
cores as well as armatures with induced parts composed of radial plates or strips but
what I claim is :-
1. A dynamo electric machine having an armature in which the number of divisions
or sections of winding is calculated according to the formula 2 (n. p + 1) the number
of coils being calculated according to the formula 2 (n.p±1) m thus 2 (np±1) 2 m
representing the number of induced parts proper and in which the number of plates
in the collector is calculated according to the formula 2 n (n. p±1) multiplied or
divided by N substantially as herein before described.
2. A dynamo electric machine having an armature constructed and arranged as
hereinbefore described and claimed the induced parts of the said armature being
mechanically supported by two pairs of concentric rings arranged on opposite sides
of a central star shaped support the said support being divided and formed of n or a
multiple of n arms which at the circumference may terminate in an equal number of
sections, theso arms or the circumferential sections thereon being grouped in n series
and these series alternately connected or insulated in such a manner as to neutralise
the action of the secondary currents in this support substantially as hereinbefore
described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
3. The central star shaped support T divided and formed of n arms, or a multiple
of n arms which at the circumference may terminate in an equal number of sections
these arms
or the sections thereon being grouped in n series and these series
connected or insulated in such a manner as to neutralise the action of the secondary
currents in the support; substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the
accompanying drawings.
4. A dynamo electric machine having an armature constructed and arranged as
claimed in the first claiming clause, the induced parts of the said armature being
composed of wires or strips of copper arranged radially in two parallel planes
perpendicular to the axis of the armature alternately in and outgoing in each plane
and connected at their inner and outer extremities by connecting curves arranged on
the outer sides of rings according to surfaces parallel to the axis of rotation between
which rings the said radial induced wires or strips are supported at their extremities
substantially as herein before described with reference to the accompanying
drawings.
5. A dynamo electric machine having an armature formed by winding the wires
composing one half of the sections on one pair of concentric supporting rings and
winding the wires composing the other half on another similar pair of concentric
rings radial outgoing parts alternating with radial inward going parts on each pair
of rings the rings of each pair being maintained during the operation of winding in
the proper relative position by means of temporary annular intermediate supports
which are removed so as to expose the radial parts of the wires after the said rings
have been fixed in position on the central support substantially as herein before
described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
6. A dynamo electric machine having an armature formed by winding the wires
composing the sections upon two discs or winding plates one half of the wire being
wound upon one disc and the other half upon the other disc and subsequently cutting
out or removing an annular portion of each disc so as to expose the radial parts of
the wires after the said discs have been fixed in position on the central support
substantially as hereinbefore described.
7. A dynamo electric machine having an armature with induced parts arranged
and connected according to the formula hereinbefore set forth the said induced parts
being composed of radial strips or plates of copper or equivalent material connected
at their extremities substantially as herein before described with reference to Figure 7
of the accompanying drawings.
8. A dynamo electric machine having an armature with induced parts distributed
and connected as hereinbefore set forth the said induced parts being composed of

page_text: radial plates or strips of copper or equivalent material arranged on opposite sides of
a central support being supported at their extremities by concentric supporting rings
carrying outwardly the connections which unite the said sections with one another
and with the collector substantially as herein before described and illustrated in
Figures 8 and 9 of the accompanying drawings.
9. In a dynamo electric machine having armatures constructed and arranged as
hereinbefore described and claimed connecting the sections singly or otherwise in any
360
n
proportion N to n collector plates arranged at angles of degrees with one another
in such a manner as to reduce to a minimum the electro motive force of the sections
when passing the neutral points substantially as hereinbefore described.
10. In a dynamo electric machine in which the sections composing the armature
are connected to the collector as hereinbefore described and claimed in the preceding
claiming clause arranging the branch wires or connections g¹ g² g³ upon a supporting
plate or disc substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 20 of
the accompanying drawings.
11. In a dynamo electric machine in which the sections composing the armature
are connected to the collector as hereinbefore described and claimed, forming the
branch connections upon one or more series of radial plates or their equivalents
connected by spiral connections uniting the outer extremity of one plate with the
inner extremity of the next plate substantially as herein before described with referenco
to Figures 21, 22 and 23 of the accompanying drawings.
12. The balancing of the radial induced parts forming the sections so as to obtain
the maximum useful effect at the brushes in armatures of the kind referred to in the
first claiming clause substantially as hereinbefore described.
13. In the case of a drum armature the disposition of inductors on a loose pulley
on the shaft of the armatures these indicators being inside of the drum and maintained
in position during the rotation of the armature solely by the magnetic force between
themselves and the series of inductors or magnetic material placed outside around the
drum substantially as hereinbefore described.
14. The combinations and arrangements of parts constituting the improvements in
dynamo, electric machines substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in
the accompanying drawings.
15. The combinations and arrangements of parts constituting the improvements
herein before described and claimed whether employed in combination with an
armature as claimed in the first claiming clause or otherwise or when applied to
dynamo or magneto electric machines of other systems for continuous or alternate
currents with armatures with magnetic or non-magnetic cores when utilised as
generators or motors, the whole substantially as hereinbefore described.
1000