IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO BREAKS FOR RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Fielding, of Elm Park, Liverpool, 'in the
County of Lancaster, Gentleman, and William Duckworth, of
Manchester, in the said County, Gentleman, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO BREAKS FOR RAILWAY TRAINS.”
ealed the 19th November 1872, and dated the 22nd May 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Fielding and
William Duckworth at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 22nd May 1872.
We, JAMES FIELDING, of Elm Park, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Gentleman, and WILLIAM DUCKWORTH, of Manchester, in
the said County, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO BREAKS FOR RAILWAY TRAINS,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in an arrangement whereby we are enabled to
put the break on the carriage throughout the train, or upon two or more
of them simultaneously without the necessity of making connections
when carriages are removed or added. For this purpose we attach to
each, carriage or to as many as may be desired, rods or shafts situate on
the same line, and one or more of these we connect by any ordinary.

page_text: means to the hand gear of the guard or other official. When one of
these rods or shafts is thrust forward it propels that which is before or
behind it, and this movement is transmitted throughout the series. To
the rods or shafts belonging to the carriages to which it is desired to
apply the break there are adapted levers, excentrics, or other ordinary
apparatus connected to the breaks, and these are thus brought into
action after any usual manner.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
.
filed by the said James Fielding and William Duckworth in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 22nd November 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
FIELDING, of Elm Park, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Gentleman, and WILLIAM DUCKWORTH, of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of May, One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-sixth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto us, the said James Fielding and William Duckworth, Her special
license that we, the said James Fielding and William Duckworth, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
James Fielding and William Duckworth, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO BREAKS
FOR RAILWAY TRAINS," upon the condition, amongst others, that we, the
said James Fielding and William Duckworth, by an instrument in
writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one
of us, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
:

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Fielding, on behalf of myself
and of the said William Duckworth, do hereby declare the nature of our
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
and accompanying Drawing, that is to say :-
Our Invention consists in an arrangement whereby we are enabled to
put the break on the carriages throughout the train, or upon two or more
of them simultaneously from one portion of the train if desired, and
without the necessity of making or breaking connexions when carriages
are removed or added. For this purpose we attach to each carriage or
to as many as may be desired, rods or shafts situate in the same line,
and one or more of these we connect to hand gear under the control of
the guard or other official. When one of these rods or shafts is thrust
forward or backward it propels that which is before or behind it, and
this movement is transmitted throughout the series, and by means of
any ordinary arrangement of levers or other apparatus the continuous
break is effected.
In the accompanying Drawing Fig. 1 represents in side elevation the
foundation frame of a portion of a railway train with our Invention
applied, and Fig. 2 is a plan view thereof.
At a is the framework of a carriage, which we will suppose to be the
guard's van. At b is a rod or shaft capable of sliding in bearings carried
by the frame a, but projecting at each end therefrom; upon this rod is
formed a toothed rack c, in gear with which is a pinion d upon an
upright shaft e carried by the frame in any suitable manner and
provided with a lever handle f. Upon the sliding rod 6 is a pin which
projects into a slot formed in a lever g, which turns upon a centre h and
passes at its other end into an upright lever i fixed to a shaft j which is
carried by the framework.. Upon this shaft is a lever jointed to a
bar 1, each end of which is connected to a lever m turning on a centre n,
and to these levers are attached friction blocks o, p, situate between the
wheels q, r.
At a¹ is the framework of another carriage provided with a sliding rod
or shaft 6¹ like that shewn at b, and connected in like manner by a pin
to a lever g', the other end of which, as in the former case, gives motion
to a rocking shaft connected to the friction blocks o¹, p, by similar
parts to those above described and shewn at i¹, l', m³.
.

page_text: Confining ourselves at present to the two carriages above referred to,
the operation will be as follows:-When it is desired to put the break
on, the guard or other attendant turns the handle f in the one direction
or the other, and the consequent turning of the pinion d will cause the
rack c and rod 6 to slide forward, say, in the direction of the arrow.
The shaft i will by these means be caused to turn in its bearings, so as
to force forward the bar and press the block o against the wheel but
9,
at the same time that this takes place the end of the rod b will be thrust
against the end of the rod b¹, and thus by means of the parts i¹, l¹ª, m³,
the block o' will be brought into contact with the wheel q¹, thus effecting
a break of two carriages simultaneously. If this application of the break
is to be carried further through the train then the end of the rod 6¹ will
arrive in contact with a similar rod 62, which we will at present suppose
to be like those above described, and provided with similar parts to those
already explained for putting on the break. Suppose the guard or other
attendant to turn the handle fin the contrary direction to that above
described, then the motion of the parts will simply be reversed, and the
blocks p, p, will be forced against the wheels r, r¹.
The above description has reference to one side of the carriages only,
and the apparatus may so be used; but in the Drawing we have shewn
breaks adapted to each side, the rocking shafts j,j, giving motion by
means of levers i* to bars * and blocks o*, p*.
The above described arrangements shew the break applied to two
wheels only of each carriage, but it will be evident that an ordinary
arrangement of levers may be adopted, by means of which the break
may be applied to the whole of the wheels whichever way the rods or
shafts may be thrust.
At s is a framework of what we will suppose to be a tender, and
carrying a modification of our Invention so far as concerns the method
of giving motion to sliding rods. At t is a cylinder containing a piston,
and to which steam may be admitted when desired by any suitable hand
gear; the sliding rod 62 is in this instance the piston rod connected to a
lever upon the rocking shaft u, on which is a double lever r, r¹,
When steam
jointed to rods w, w, which work the friction blocks x, x.
is admitted to the cylinder it causes the piston and sliding rod 6² to
move in one direction or the other, and the lever t connected thereto
causes the shaft u to turn in its bearings, and by means of the levers w

page_text: and rods y force both blocks x, x, against the wheels z, z¹. The
rocking shaft u carries another lever t**, which by means of rods w³, w¹,
applies the breaks on that side. In order to bring the sliding rods back
and keep them in a starting position, we apply spiral springs A, but
these may not always be necessary.
According to the arrangements above described the sliding rods are
placed on one side of the carriages only, but they may be placed on both
sides thereof, both sets being connected to the rocking shafts, or one
set only may used situate at the centre of the carriages, but this
would not be so convenient, as it would interfere with the coupling
arrangement.
It will thus be seen that according to our Invention there is no
coupling of the parts which give motion to the breaks, and that carriages
may be added or removed at pleasure in the usual manner of trains
without continuous breaks, we would also observe that motion may be
given to the sliding rods at any desired part of the train.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of our said In-
vention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire it
to be understood that we do not limit ourselves to the description of
breaks shewn or to the method of working the same, but claim as
secured to us under the above in part recited Letters Patent and for the
purpose above set forth, the use of the independent sliding rods or shafts
illustrated at b, b¹, b².
In witness whereof, I, the said James Fielding, hath hereunto set
my hand and seal. this Twenty-first day of November, in the year
JAMES FIELDING. (L.S.)