Improvements in Type-writing Machines.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Sept., 1895-Accepted, 21st Mar., 1896
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Type-writing Machines.
I, DEXTER HUBBARD MARSH, of the Village of Grotow, County of Tompkins,
State of New York, Banker, President of the Crandall Type Writer Company,
of New York, United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to type-writing machines and particularly to the several
mechanisms therein which are hereinafter specified.
My object is to produce an improved type-writing machine, in which is provided
an adjustable carriage stop, bell-ringer and paper-band all combined in one; also
a release to permit the carriage to be shifted or to be taken off; also an improved
ribbon vibrator in which the spring of the ribbon guiding arms throws back both
the guide and the spindle; also an improved ribbon take-up or tightener; also
an improved type-bar lever mounting; also an improved straight bail, easing the
operation of the key levers on the ends of the key board with which bail the
key levers engage; also an improved line spacing and platen-rotating ratchet
mechanism; and which is also provided with the other novel features hereinafter
described, including a mechanism by which the chain is automatically detached
from the carriage at the end of a line of printing, leaving the carriage free to
be moved forward by hand for its removal, or to enable the operator to finish
a word which was partly written when the normal end of the line was reached.
My invention consists in the several novel features of construction and operation
hereinafter described and which are specifically set forth in the claims hereunto
annexed:
It is constructed as follows, reference being had to the accompanying drawings,
in which-
Fig. 1 is a top plan of the machine, omitting the key-board.
Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the front of part of the carriage and top-plate,
showing the stop and bell ringing mechanism.
Fig. 3 is a sectional side elevation of the combined and adjustable paper-band,
bell-ringing trip and stop-button.
Fig. 4 is a front elevation of the same, showing the button tilted to pass the
stop, for margin printing and also to permit the removal of the carriage.
Fig. 5 is a side elevation of the platen-rotating ratchet lever mechanism in its
ormal position.
Fig. 6 is a like view of the same excepting that the ratchet and stop-pawl are
lotted in, in order to expose the slot-way, and showing the mechanism in the
position of rotating the platen.
Fig. 7 is a top plan of part of the key board, levers and their mountings and the
ail for easing the operation of the key levers on the ends of the key-board.
Fig. 8 is a sectional elevation of part of a key lever and its auxiliary and their
ounting.
Fig. 9 is a vertical sectional elevation, partly broken away, of the top plate, the
mpression platen, the carriage, paper guide, type-sleeve and its mounting, and one
f the ribbon spools, the ribbon guide.
Fig. 10 is a detail in elevation of the sleeve lifting cam actuated by the lifting
f the bail by the operation of the lifter-key levers.

page_text: Fig. 11 is a sectional elevation of part of a machine frame, carriage, rear-track,
spring-wheel and chain, and the chain-stop mechanism.
Fig. 12 is a.plan perspective of the stop detached and on an enlarged scale.
Fig. 13 is a like view of the chain holder connecting it to the carriage.
Fig. 14 is a like view of part of the chain and the bar upon it.
Fig. 15 is a side elevation of the holder, stop chain and bar.
Fig. 16 is a rear elevation of the same parts, showing the bar in engagement
with the stop, the dotted lines on the left showing the position of the holder at
the moment of disengagement of the chain therefrom, and those on the right
indicate the holder after the chain has become disengaged therefrom.
Fig. 17 is a side elevation of the same looking from the right in Fig. 1.
A is the top plate upon which the front track 2 and the rear track 3 are erected,
4 being the roller or rollers in the front of the carriage frame. This frame
comprises the ends 5, 6 the longitudinal rail 7, having lugs 7' concaved to fit onto
and partly enclose the rear track.
B is the platen mounted upon the shaft 9 and adapted to be rotated by the
button 10, said shaft being journaled in said ends.
Upon the bar 11 secured in the ends of the carriage above the rear bearings
upon the rear track a block 12 is mounted and upon it is secured the paper-band 13
extending through under and curving upward partly around the platen and
provided with a set screw 14 by which it is adjusted and secured in any position
desired. Near the other end of the bar 11 another paper and 15 is mounted
adjustably, by means of a block 16 and upon the lower end of said block the dog 18
is pivoted provided with an arm 19 and a shoulder 20, said arm being adapted to
engage with said block.. Upon the top plate a bevel-faced pawl 21 is pivoted,
and 22 is the hammer rod secured thereto and carrying the hammer 23 which is
adapted to strike the bell 24 through the opening 25 in the top plate, whenever, by
the traverse of the carriage while printing the dog 18 engages with, rocks and
passes over the pawl 21; and 26 is a post erected upon the top plate with which
the dog engages to stop the carriage. By pressure upon the arm 19 the dog can
be tilted so as to pass over the stop post for finishing a word at the end of a line
and also for the removal of the carriage which thus released, readily slides off from
the rear track-way.
At 27 I show the curved comb-bar through which the key levers 28 pass,
29 being a curved rod upon which these levers are journaled in front of the comb,
and 30 are the auxiliaries or rearward extensions of said levers, adapted to engage
with the straight bail 31, the arms 32 of which are pivoted upon the uprights 3 80
that said bail is lifted whenever a lifter-key lever is operated. This bail is provided
with rearward arms 34 carrying a roller 35 (Fig. 10) which, whenever the bail is
lifted is adapted to engage with the cam 36 and raise the sleeve a to be oscillated
and strike against the platen to print; all substantially as shown in the well known
Crandall oscillatory and rotary type sleeve machine, described in the Specification
of Letters Patent of the United States of America dated 20th December 1881,
No. 251338, except that said bail is made straight in order to shorten the arm 34
to bring the bail closer to the cam to reduce the leverage upon said arm and bail
and cause the machine to operate easier in proportion to such reduction of such
leverage.
Another bail 38 with which the inner ends of the auxiliaries engage is secured to
the shaft 39 upon which the primary cam 40 is secured in engagement with the
secondary cam 41 pivoted upon the frame which carries the spindle 37; and 42 is
a spring-bar having one end in engagement with the back of the frame which
carries the spindle, and pivoted at 43 onto said frame and thence extending upward
and provided with the bifurcation 44 creating the arms 45 which are slitted
vertically to receive the ribbon 46 in said slits as it extends across in front of the
type sleeve, said arms thence extending down to and being secured to the top
plate at b, said downward extension being springs, so that the operation of a
key-lever will create a spring tension upon said extensions by throwing the ribbon

page_text: against the platen in advance of the printing stroke of the type-sleeve and then
when said impression is made and the lever is released, such spring tension will
throw the ribbon back away from the platen and simultaneously with the retraction
of the type-sleeve.
The ribbon 46 is conducted from one of the spools 47 to the other through
the slits between the rotating sleeves 48 and the pins 49 erected upon the flange 50
upon each upright, said sleeves being rotatably mounted upon the uprights 51
erected upon the top plate and between them passing through the guide arms 45
so that when said arms are thrown forward, the ribbon is drawn taut between
them.
A plate 52 is pivoted at.c upon the end 5 of the carriage and provided with a
slot 53 through which the platen shaft extends, and 54 is a ratchet wheel secured
u on said shaft.
The lever 54' is secured to said plate and 55 is a spring pawl in engagement with
said ratchet pivoted upon said plate, so that by raising said lever said plate is raise i
lifting said pawl and rotating the ratchet and platen. A stop-pawl 56 is pivoted
upon said plate and provided at its free end with a pin 57 which is adapted to
engage with one of the holes 58 in said plate, whereby the space between the
lines of print is regulated and adjusted, the raising of the plate lifting the stop pawl
into engagement and stopping the rotation of the ratchet.
It will be seen that the bail 31 is only operated by the key levers which are known
as lifters, in that they raise the type-sleeve, and as this sleeve is raised more for the
characters less used than for the others, and as these occasionally used characters
are represented by the key levers upon the ends of the key board, the straightening
of the bail 31 reduces the distance between the fulcrum of each outside lifter and'
its bearing upon this bail and therefore the lever operates easier proportionately to
the reduction of such distance.
An ordinary spring wheel D is journaled upon an arbor projecting from the
standard and the chain e is connected thereto in any ordinary way, leading over
the pulley and provided with a cross-bar e which can be secured directly
to the chain or to a tube e¹ to which the chain is connected. A chain-
holder E is secured to the end of the carriage frame, consisting of a piece of
sheet metal bent to substantially the form shown in Fig. 3 creating the jaws h
bifurcated by the slot . so that the body of the chain (or tube) would pass freely
through said slot and the cross-bar would be caught between the jaws and thus
connect the carriage to the spring-wheel.
Upon the top-plate a chain-stop is mounted, comprising a base m and upright m²
and jaws m, separated by a vertical slot m¹ of sufficient width to permit the
chain and holder to pass through it freely and so as to bring the cross-bar
into the jaws by the traverse of the carriage. This is at the end of a normal
line of print, and when thereafter the carriage is moved by hand, as the tension
of the spring-wheel is transferred to the stop, the holder is carried along having left
the cross-bar in the jaws of the stop.
It often happens that an operator prints part of a word and the carriage
comes to a full stop at the end of a line and then the remainder of that word
must be filled in with a pen, or printed as the beginning of the next line; but,
by releasing the carriage as above the operator can shift the carriage with one
haud and add the necessary letters by printing them, using the other hand upon the
keys and finish the word and line. When the line is finished the operator pushes
the carriage back to start another line, the jaws of the holder pick up the bar and
chain and thus renew the tension upon the carriage.
I do not limit myself to the precise form of either the holder and its jaws or
the stop and its jaws, as it is very evident that a mechanic could adopt many
different forms and accomplish the same result of releasing the carriage from the
tension of the spring wheel automatically by the movement thereof in one direction
and removing it automatically by reversing such movement.

page_text: '
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The combination, with the carriage, impression platen and the bell, of a paper-
guide adjustably mounted upon said carriage, a pawl upon said guide, a trip with
which said pawl engages, a hammer carried by said trip and a stop with which said
pawl engages after passing said trip.
2. The combination, with the key-levers, of a bail, a shaft rotated thereby, a
primary cam secured to said shaft, a secondary cam actuated by the primary one, a
spindle frame, and a spring bar engaging with it and provided with arms through
which the ribbon is guided.
3. The combination, with the carriage, the platen and its shaft journalled therein,
of a plate pivoted upon the carriage and slotted as shown, a pawl upon said plate,
a ratchet secured upon said shaft and means to lift said plate to rotate said
platen.
4. The combination, with the carriage, the platen and its shaft journalled therein,
of a plate pivoted upon the carriage and slotted as shown, a pawl upon said plate, a
ratchet secured upon said shaft, a stop pawl mounted upon said plate, and means
to lift said plate.
5. The combination, with the carriage, the platen and its shaft journalled therein,
of a plate pivoted upon the carriage and slotted as shown, a pawl upon said plate,
a ratchet secured upon said shaft, a stop-pawl adjustably mounted upon said plate,
and means to lift said plate.
6. In a type-writing machine, the combination, with the lift-key-levers and a
curved fulcrum-rod, upon which they are journalled, of a straight bail upon the
line of a chord to the circle of said fulcrum-rod with which said levers engage
to raise it, and a type-sleeve lifted thereby when a lever is operated.
7. In a type-writing machine, the combination, with the lift-key-levers and a
curved fulcrum rod upon which they are journalled, of a straight bail upon
the line of a chord to the circle of said fulcrum-rod with which said levers
engage with varying fulcrum, and a type-sleeve lifted by said bail when a lever is
operated.
8. In a type-writing machine, the combination, with a traverging carriage and a
chain under tension of a spring-wheel in the usual manner and connected to said
carriage, of a stop normally out of engagement with said chain but with which the
chain engages at a given point in the line of travel of said carriage and is dis-
connected from it.
9. In a type-writing machine, the combination, with a traversing carriage, of a
spring-wheel and a chain connecting them, and means to automatically dis-connect
said chain from the carriage at a given point in the travel thereof without removing
the tension upon the chain.
10. In a type-writing machine, the combination, with a movable carriage and a
spring-wheel and chain connected thereto for shifting it, of jaws with which the
chain engages at a fixed point in the line of travel of said carriage to release
the carriage from the tension of the spring-wheel and stop its movement.
11. The combination, with the carriage of a type-writing machine and a spring-
wheel, of a chain secured to the spring-wheel and connected to the carriage in such
manner as to be detached therefrom at a given point by its forward movement, and
become re-engaged therewith by its backward movement.
12. The combination, with an impression platen and its supporting carriage, of a
spring-wheel and chain under tension therefrom and normally connected to said
carriage, and means to release the carriage therefrom without losing such tension
in the chain, and to re-connect them when the movement of the carriage is
reversed.
13. The combination, with the carriage, of a spring-wheel and a chain permanently
connected to the spring-wheel and to the carriage in such manner as to be detached

page_text: therefrom by the forward movement of the carriage without losing the tension of the
spring-wheel, leaving the carriage free to be moved by hand.
Dated the 17th day of September 1895.
D. YOUNG & Co.,
11 & 12 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.