Year: 1886

page_text: I JOHN CHARLES WILLIAM STANLEY, of 41 Barnsdale Road in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The object of this invention is to prepare from refuse material such as the refuse
of houses collected in dust-bins and ash pits shop and warehouse sweepings which
is a mixed collection of pieces of paper, rags, string, wood straw cinders and other
matter and subjecting it to a treatment that will separate the fibrous portion which
can be used for paper making and other useful purposes. If the material I treat is
that which can be obtained from the dust-bins or ash pits of private houses I pass
it through a coarse riddle to sift out as much of the cinders and other mineral
matter as possible and it is then sorted over by hand to remove the large pieces of
rag paper glass etc. which have a commercial value; this is now done at the various
vestry and dust contractor's yards. After it has been so treated or if I use
ordinary shop or warehouse sweepings which will not require this treatment, I
thoroughly dry the mass either by air on drying floors or by other suitable means,
it is well shaken up as for instance by being placed on a jogging riddle or by hand
with a fork; this will shake out a quantity of the mineral matter. The material
is then torn up and I find that this can be done with excellent results in a machine
formed of a drum of suitable proportions say 4 feet long by 2 feet diameter with
four rows of projecting teeth attached to the periphery about 24 inches long
interlacing (with a clearance of inch) a similar row of teeth being fixed to the
casing of the machine; the drum is preferably to revolve at a high speed. The
material is fed in by an opening at the top at one end and works out at the other
end. After it leaves this machine in a condition of a broken up fibrous mass,
crush it by preference by percussion as in a stone breaking machine or by stamping.
I then sift out as much as possible of the crushed mineral using a wire mesh
sufficiently large to allow of the dust being separated without any of the fibre
being lost. As there is a quantity of mineral matter still remaining I crush the
material through a pair of rollers and again sift and continue this operation of
I

page_text: crushing and sifting using light pressure so as not to unnecessarily cut the fibres
until all the mineral matter has been crushed up and sifted away. The apparatus
I employ for carrying on this operation will be a number of pairs of rollers set in
a frame at different levels and as the material passes through one set of rollers it
falls on to a jogging sifter and is shaken on to another pair of rollers and so on.
I generally find a series of four pairs of rollers sufficient for this purpose.
The material is then passed through an ordinary carding machine which will break
up into fibre any larger pieces of rag, paper &c. and if found desirable by sifting
or blowing to separate the fibre from any pieces of wood metal &c. that may be in
it this may also be done it will then be in a condition to be dealt with in the
methods usually adopted for reducing fibrous materials into pulp for paper making,
or it can be washed and bleached if required for upholstery purposes or otherwise
treated as may be found desirable.

page_text: I, JOHN CHARLES WILLIAM STANLEY of 41 Barnsdale Road in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
The object of this invention is the manufacture of pulp suitable for the use of
paper makers or of flock suitable for the use of upholsterers by the following
process. I separate material suitable for being made into paper from refuse such as
may be collected from the dust bins and ash-pits of houses and the sweepings of
shops and warehouses in which may be found pieces of paper rags string, wood
straw, cinders and other matter and I subject the fibrous portion thus separated to
a course of treatment that will reduce it to a condition from which it may be
converted into pulp or flocks by the methods usually adopted by paper makers and
upholsterers. If the material I treat is such as is ordinarily obtained from the
dust bins or ash pits of private houses, I shake it on a coarse riddle to sift out
as much of the cinder and other mineral matter as possible and then sort the
residue over by hand to remove the large pieces of rag paper glass or other
substance which may have a commercial value. This is now done at the various
vestry and dust contractors yards. Where ordinary shop or warehouse sweepings
are concerned this treatment is not necessary. I then thoroughly dry the mass
either by air on drying floors or by other suitable means; it may be well shaken
up for instance by being placed on a jogging riddle or a series of such or by hand
with a fork-; this will shake out a quantity of the mineral matter remaining after
the previous sifting. The material after having been thoroughly dried is subjected
to the action of a disintegrating machine. I employ a machine consisting of a
drum or revolving frame of suitable proportions say for example four feet long by
two feet diameter with four longitudinal rows of projecting teeth attached to the
periphery, the teeth being about 2 inches long and intercolating as the drum
revolves with a clearance of inch with a row of similar teeth fixed to the interior
of the casing of the machine. After undergoing this disintegrating operation the
material is in the condition of a broken up gritty fibrous mass which I afterwards
crush between one or more pairs of rollers and again sift and continue this
operation of crushing and sifting using light pressure so as not to unnecessarily cut
the fibres until all the mineral matter has been crushed up and sifted away. The
apparatus I employ for carrying on this operation consists of a series of pairs of
rollers set in a frame at different levels and as the material passes through one pair
of rollers it falls onto a jogging sifter and is shaken onto another pair of rollers and
so on or the rollers may be disposed at the same level, an elevator being used to

page_text: receive the material as it falls from one pair of rollers and raise it to the proper
level for the next pair. I generally find a series of four pairs of rollers sufficient
for this purpose. The material is then passed through an ordinary or special
carding machine which will break up any larger pieces of rag paper and other
matter and if any pieces of wood, metal or other objectionable matter still remain
they should be previously eliminated by further sifting or by blowing which may
also be done in addition to or in place of the sifting.
In Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings I have represented in
sectional section and plan the interior of a drying and sifting stove into which the
material passes after the first rough sifting. The stove consists of a room or chamber
the walls A of which may be of brick-work. B are steam or hot water pipes by
means of which the chamber is heated. C are a series of rocking trays or sieves.
each of which is mounted on a shaft D at one end of which is a crank D¹ to which a
rocking motion is imparted by means of a rod and eccentric or other suitable
means. The trays are placed one beneath the other and are inclined in opposite
directions and the rocking or jogging motion tends to make the material travel
from the higher ends to the lower and open ends whereby the material which is
fed into the stove through the opening or shoot A' passes from the first tray to the
second and so on until it reaches the lowest of the series after which it falls onto
the inclined floor A2 and is gathered up and removed by an elevator or conveyor E
which delivers it to the breaking up machine or devil. Where the trays C are in
the form of riddles means must be provided to prevent the matters passing through
the first riddle from falling onto the second riddle and so on; this may take the
form of a fixed inclined plate or deflector under each riddle or may be a cover fixed
upon the lower riddle and moving with it. To increase the "jogging" effect flat
bars C¹ are attached to the higher ends of the trays and as these ends rise the
bars come into contact with stops C² whereby the motion of the trays is suddenly
checked and the material thereon undergoes more agitation in consequence. The
dust grit or mineral matter separated from the fibrous portion of the mass during
this operation falls through the meshes of the sieves into a pit A³ provided with
an opening for the removal thereof as required. The noisome odours or effluvia
arising from the process pass out at the flue A+.
This drying part of the process is very important as I find that without making
the material thoroughly dry it is impossible to get rid of all the grit which will
hold to the fibrous material so long as there is any moisture left to hold it.
The breaking up machine or "devil" is shown in sectional end elevation in
Figure 3 and in longitudinal section in Figure 4. It consists of a revolving
frame F mounted within a casing G. Through the centre of the frame passes
a shaft F which revolves in bearings G₁ and carries fast and loose pullies F2 and F3.
On the four longitudinal bars of the frame are fixed rows of pins or teeth F*
which as the frame revolves pass through the spaces between a similar row of
teeth F attached to the bar F or otherwise secured to the casing. The teeth may
be about 2 inches long and fixed at such a distance apart as will allow of
a clearance of an inch when passing each other. I do not however bind myself
to these or any other dimensions given in this specification. The material is fed to
the casing G through the hopper or opening G into which it is deposited by
means of the elevators E previously described. When broken up to the requisite
extent it passes out at the end of the machine opposite to that at which the intake
is placed. Notwithstanding the previous siftings a considerable amount of grit
will still remain mixed up with the fibres. To get rid of this I crush the mass
between one or more pairs of rollers sifting it after each crushing operation taking
care not to injure the fibrous portions by excessive pressure. A suitable arrange-
ment of apparatus for this purpose is shown in Figures 5, 6 and 7 which are
respectively side elevations and plan. Figure 8 represents one pair of rolls on a
larger scale. Four pairs of rolls H and H¹ are arranged one above another in
regular gradation upon suitably constructed framework which may be boxed in

page_text: from top to bottom so as to exclude drafts and confine the dust and refuse which
falls through the sieves. These rollers are mounted in blocks H2 capable of sliding
on guides J formed in the frame work and are by preference composed of a
series of pulleys of equal diameter fixed side by side upon the shaft; by this
means if a portion of a roller gets broken it can be quickly replaced and at a
small cost. The arrangement is convenient also for other reasons. Pressure is
applied to the rollers by means of spiral springs K partially enclosed if necessary
within the casings K. The pressure of the springs K is resisted by stops J.
Underneath each pair of rollers is a sieve L to which a jogging motion is imparted
in any suitable manner as for example by the cam or wiper H³ fixed on the axis of
the roller which acts on the end of the rod L¹ fixed to the sieve L; the return
motion being effected by spiral springs L². The roller H¹ of each pair is flanged
the flanges overlapping the edges of the roller H. The main driving shaft M
carries a pulley M₁ at one end and also a chain wheel M²; at the other end it
carries a pinion M³ which gears with the toothed wheel M on the axis of the
roller H¹ of the lowest pair. The motion thus imparted to the roller H¹ is commu-
nicated to the roller H by the toothed wheels M³ and M so that both rollers are
positively driven. Similar driving apparatus is employed for each of the other
pairs of rollers the power from the main driving shaft M being communicated
thereto by endless chains M7 passing round chain wheels M² M8 M9 M10 M1 and M12
mounted on shafts M13: The material is fed to the machine by means of an
elevator N put in motion by chain gearing from the uppermost shaft M¹³ of the
series. As it falls from the hoppers of the elevator it is received by a shoot N¹
which delivers it to the uppermost pair of rollers after passing through which it
falls onto the sieve L underneath and the particles too large to pass through the
meshes of the sieve are "jogged" onto the next lower pair of rollers and so on
until the last pair, by which time most, if not all, of the dust or gritty matter will
have been eliminated.
The material after leaving the crushing apparatus requires to be still further
disintegrated and for this purpose I transfer it from the last sieve L by means of
an elevator or other means to the carding machine shown in Figures 9 and 10 the
former of which is a sectional front elevation and the latter a longitudinal section
of a suitably constructed machine consisting of a cylinder P larger at one end than
at the other mounted on a shaft P¹ and surrounded by a casing P2. The cylinder
is provided with 12 (more or less) longitudinal rows of pins P³ tixed in equidistant
series of 4 rows each around the periphery and intercolating with other rows of
pins P fixed inside to the roof or upper portion of the casing. The material is
introduced into the machine through the hopper R situated at the end which is
smaller in diameter and the action of the machine works it gradually to the larger
end where an outlet S is formed in the casing. The carding operation may be
continued using finer and finer cards until the material is sufficiently attenuated
for being made into paper or for any other purpose to which it may be destined.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. The manufacture of pulp or fibrous materials suitable respectively for the
purposes of paper makers or upholsterers by the processes of drying breaking up
crushing sifting and carding substantially as herein described.
2. In the preparation from refuse such as is herein described of material suitable
for being made into paper or for other purposes the employment of a drying stove
substantially such as specified and shown in Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying
drawings and consisting essentially of a heated chamber containing rocking sieves
provided with means for introducing and removing the material and carrying off*
the stench or gases emitted.

page_text: 3. In the preparation from the refuse herein described of material suitable for
being made into paper the employment of the crushing and sifting apparatus
substantially as specified and shown in Figures 5, 6, 7 and 8, of the accompanying
drawings and consisting essentially of a series of pairs of rollers such as Ħ H¹in
combination with jogging riddles such as L, the whole so constructed and operating
that the materials after passing between the first pair of rolls pass onto the
appropriate riddle from which such portion as does not pass through the riddle is
delivered to the next pair of rollers and so on through the entire seriés.
Dated this
day of
1986
JOHN CHARLES WILLIAM STANLEY.