IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES AND APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING
Year: 1832

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ELIJAH
GALLOWAY, of Carter Street, Walworth, in the County of Surrey, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Seventh day of November, in the third year of His
reign, did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Elijah Galloway, His especial licence, full power, sole privilege
and authority, that I, the said Elijah Galloway, my exors, admors, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Elijah Galloway, my exors, admors,
or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and
lawful might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the
Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
ENGINES AND APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING;" in which said Letters Patent is
contained a proviso that I, the said Elijah Galloway, shall cause a particular
description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being
thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Elijah Galloway, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference being had
to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and the figures-and letters marked thereon
(that is to say):
My Invention consists, first, in improvements in steam engines, particularly
intended for marine purposes; such improvements consisting of having three
piston rods to 'one steam' cylinder, two of which rods are intended to commu-
nicate the power from the piston to the main shaft which drives the paddle
wheels, and the third rod is to work the air pump of the condenser, as will be
fully described hereafter.
r
Secondly, my Invention consists in improvements in paddle wheels or appa-
ratus for propelling vessels; such improvements being the placing of two sets
of paddles side by side, the float boards or paddles being set at an angle to
the shaft, and also at an angle to each other; such float boards not standing
opposite each other, but are equidistant, and consequently enter and leave the
water in succession. Between these two paddle wheels is placed what I call a
dividing plate or board, which is intended to prevent the water being forced
laterally, as will be fully described hereafter by this means such float boards
or paddles will always enter and leave the water at an angle, thus "preventing
any concussion at their entrance into the water; and also such float boards or
paddles will not lift the water on their leaving it, as is the case with the
common paddle wheels; and by means of the dividing plate or board the water
will be prevented moving laterally away from the float boards, and thus will
the float boards have as full action on the water as if they were in a line with
the shaft, but so soon as the float boards pass the end of the dividing plate or
board they will only offer their angular surfaces to the water, and glide easily
out therefrom without lifting it.
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In order that my Invention may be fully described and understood I will
now describe the Drawings hereunto annexed.
i
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Fig. 1 represents an elevation of some of the principal parts of an engine
constructed according to my improvements; Fig. 2 being a section of some of
the parts, and Fig. 3 is a plan of the cross head. In each of these. Figures
the same letters indicate. similar parts. a being the framing which supports
the engine; b is, the steam cylinder; c, the piston; d, d, the two piston rods
(passing through the stuffing boxes constructed on the lower cover-of the

page_text: cylinder) which communicates the power of the, steam by means of the .con-
necting rods e, e, to the cranks f,f, of the main shafts g, as is clearly shewn in
the Drawing. These two piston rods.d,.d, are, connected by the cross head h,
shown separately in Fig. 3; where it will be seen that the cross head is bent
or curved, so as to embrace, the air pump, and thus be free, to move up and
down; i is the third piston rod which works the air pump of the condenser j.
The construction of the various parts of a steam engine is so well understood
by engineers that it will not be required here to go into any further description
of the other working parts connected to the steam cylinder, they forming
no part of 'my Invention, and more particularly as they are not, varied from
ordinary steam engines. The object of having the three piston..rods. is to
admit of the air pump-being brought. immediately, under the cylinder, and to
be worked by one of the piston rods, whilst the placing of the air pump does not
lengthen the other piston rods,' and consequently, does not encrease the height
of the engine on account of the cross head being curved or 'embracing the air
pump, and being permitted to work up and down without interfering therewith.
By this arrangement many of the moving parts. heretofore employed in marine
engines will be got rid of; and a considerable saving of space and weight will
be obtained; and in consequence of the peculiar arrangement, of the float
boards and apparatus of the paddle wheels, when constructed according to the
second part of my Invention, these engines are to be used as single engines, for,
owing to these paddle wheels not being so liable to, be struck back by any
description of sea, they will at all times act as fly wheels to the engine, and thus
render two engines unnecessary..
..
I will now describe my improvements on. paddle wheels or apparatus
for propelling. Fig. 4 shows a side view of a paddle wheel constructed
according to my Invention::. Fig. 5 is a front view thereof. Fig. 6 repre-
sents the action of the float boards and their position one to the other
when they are under the water, the dividing board or plate being shown
between them; and the arrows in this last Figure shows the tendency of the
water; as it would be forced inwards to the middle of the wheel and out of the
way of the float boards if the dividing board or plate did not prevent such
lateral motion of the water- till the float boards have passed the dividing board
or plate. In these Figures 9 being the main shaft, hand are the two
wheels affixed on this shaft, the float: boards on the wheel being, marked by
the letter m, and the float boards on the wheel being marked by the letter o.
It will be seen in Fig. 5 that the rims of the two wheels are not brought close
ogether, but that there is a small space between them; this is in order to allow

page_text: of the compound wheel turning freely and yet at the same time admitting the
dividing plate or board between them; n is the dividing plate or board, which is
securely fixed, and held stationary between the two wheels by the bars. or rods's,
Fig. 4, as is shown in the Drawing. This dividing plate extends to about one
eighth of the circumference of the wheels, and, as above described, is intended
to prevent the water being forced laterally from the float boards in, o, till they
pass the end of the dividing board n; thus it will be evident that the float
boards during the time the water is so restrained from lateral motion will act
as powerfully as if they were in a line with the shaft i, yet at the same time
when the float boards pass the end of the dividing plate n they will no longer
hold the water but will force it laterally and come smoothly out of the water
without raising the same, and thus will the. back water heretofore so much
complained of be got rid of, and the paddles entering the water at an
angle will avoid those concussions to which the common paddle wheels are
subject, and which are so prejudicial to the stability of the vessel, and also
to the machinery. In place of having two separate wheels, the middle spokes
or arms may be made forked, as shown in Fig. 7, leaving sufficient space
between the paddle boards for the dividing plate, as before described.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
constructing the same, it will be evident that it is to be understood that one of
these compound wheels is to be placed on each side of the vessel in like
manner to the ordinary paddle wheels; and I would observe that I am aware
that paddle wheels have been before used having the float boards set at an
angle to the shaft; I do not therefore lay any claim to using angular paddles
or float boards; neither do I claim any of the various parts of which the
steam engine above described is composed, they being separately well known
and in use. But what I claim as my Invention is,-
First, the constructing marine steam engines having three pistons rods, two
of which communicate the power of the steam acting on the piston to the shaft,
as above described, and the other works the air pump.
And, secondly, the constructing of paddle wheels having the paddle boards
set at an angle to each other, and having a dividing board or plate to prevent the
water being forced laterally so long as the float boards are intended to be in
action as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Elijah Galloway, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourth day of May, One thousand eight hundred
and thirty-three.
ELIJAH (L.S.) GALLOWAY,

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fourth day of May, in the
year of our Lord 1833, the aforesaid Elijah Galloway came before our said
Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Seventh day of May, in the year of our Lord One thou-
sand eight hundred and thirty-three.

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ELIJAH
GALLOWAY, of Carter Street, Walworth, in the County of Surrey, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Seventh day of November, in the third year of His
reign, did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Elijah Galloway, His especial licence, full power, sole privilege
and authority, that I, the said Elijah Galloway, my exors, admors, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Elijah Galloway, my exors, admors,
or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and
lawful might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the
Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
ENGINES AND APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING;" in which said Letters Patent is
contained a proviso that I, the said Elijah Galloway, shall cause a particular
description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being
thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Elijah Galloway, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference being had
to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and the figures and letters marked thereon
(that is to say):-
My Invention consists, first, in improvements in steam engines, particularly
intended for marine purposes; such improvements consisting of having three
piston rods to one steam cylinder, two of which rods are intended to commu-
nicate the power from the piston to the main shaft which drives the paddle
wheels, and the third rod is to work the air pump of the condenser, as will be
fully described hereafter.
Secondly, my Invention consists in improvements in paddle wheels or appa-
ratus for propelling vessels; such improvements being the placing of two sets
of paddles side by side, the float boards or paddles being set at an angle to
the shaft, and also at an angle to each other; such float boards not standing
opposite each other, but are equidistant, and consequently enter and leave the
water in succession. Between these two paddle wheels is placed what I call a
dividing plate or board, which is intended to prevent the water being forced
laterally, as will be fully described hereafter; by this means such float boards
or paddles will always enter and leave the water at an angle, thus preventing
any concussion at their entrance into the water; and also such float boards or
paddles will not lift the water on their leaving it, as is the case with the
common paddle wheels; and by means of the dividing plate or board the water
will be prevented moving laterally away from the float boards, and thus will
the float boards have as full action on the water as if they were in a line with
the shaft, but so soon as the float boards pass the end of the dividing plate or
board they will only offer their angular surfaces to the water, and glide easily
out therefrom without lifting it.
In order that my Invention may be fully described and understood I will
now describe the Drawings hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Fig. 1 represents an elevation of some of the principal parts of an engine
constructed according to my improvements; Fig. 2 being a section of some of
the parts, and Fig. 3 is a plan of the cross head. In each of these Figures
the same letters indicate similar parts. a being the framing which supports
the engine; bis the steam cylinder; c, the piston; d, d, the two piston rods
(passing through the stuffing boxes constructed on the lower cover of the

page_text: cylinder) which communicates the power of the steam by means of the con-
necting rods e, e, to the cranks f, f, of the main shafts g, as is clearly shewn in
the Drawing. These two piston rods d, d, are connected by the cross head h,
shown separately in Fig. 3, where it will be seen that the cross head is bent
or curved so as to embrace the air pump, and thus be free to move up and
down; i is the third piston rod which works the air pump of the condenser j.
The construction of the various parts of a steam engine is so well understood
by engineers that it will not be required here to go into any further description
of the other working parts connected to the steam cylinder, they forming
no part of my Invention, and more particularly as they are not varied from
ordinary steam engines. The object of having the three piston rods is to
admit of the air pump being brought immediately under the cylinder, and to
be worked by one of the piston rods, whilst the placing of the air does not
pump.
lengthen the other piston rods, and consequently does not encrease the height
of the engine on account of the cross head being curved or embracing the air
pump, and being permitted to work up and down without interfering therewith.
By this arrangement many of the moving parts heretofore employed in marine
engines will be got rid of, and a considerable saving of space and weight will
be obtained; and in consequence of the peculiar arrangement of the float
boards and apparatus of the paddle wheels, when constructed according to the
second part of my Invention, these engines are to be used as single engines, for,
owing to these paddle wheels not being so liable to be struck back by any
description of sea, they will at all times act as fly wheels to the engine, and thus
render two engines unnecessary.
I will now describe my improvements on paddle wheels or apparatus
for propelling. Fig. 4 shows a side view of a paddle wheel constructed
according to my Invention. Fig. 5 is a front view thereof. Fig. 6 repre-
sents the action of the float boards and their position one to the other
when they are under the water, the dividing board or plate being shown
between them; and the arrows in this last Figure shows the tendency of the
water, as it would be forced inwards to the middle of the wheel and out of the
way of the float-boards if the dividing board or plate did not prevent such
lateral motion of the water till the float boards have passed the dividing board
or plate. In these Figures g being the main shaft, h and I are the two
wheels affixed on this shaft, the float boards on the wheel k being marked by
the letter m, and the float boards on the wheel l being marked by the letter o.
It will be seen in Fig. 5 that the rims of the two wheels are not brought close
together, but that there is a small space between them; this is in order to allow

page_text: of the compound wheel turning freely and yet at the same time admitting the
dividing plate or board between them; n is the dividing plate or board, which is
securely fixed, and held stationary between the two wheels by the bars or rods s,
Fig. 4, as is shown in the Drawing. This dividing plate extends to about one
eighth of the circumference of the wheels, and, as above described, is intended
to prevent the water being forced laterally from the float boards m, o, till they
pass the end of the dividing board n; thus it will be evident that the float
boards during the time the water is so restrained from lateral motion will act
as powerfully as if they were in a line with the shaft i, yet at the same time
when the float boards pass the end of the dividing plate n they will no longer.
hold the water but will force it laterally and come smoothly out of the water
without raising the same, and thus will the back water heretofore so much
complained of be got rid of, and the paddles entering the water at an
angle will avoid those concussions to which the common paddle wheels are
subject, and which are so prejudicial to the stability of the vessel, and also
to the machinery. In place of having two separate wheels, the middle spokes
or arms may be made forked, as shown in Fig. 7, leaving sufficient space
between the paddle boards for the dividing plate, as before described.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
constructing the same, it will be evident that it is to be understood that one of
these compound wheels is to be placed on each side of the vessel in like
manner to the ordinary paddle wheels; and I would observe that I am aware
that paddle wheels have been before used having the float boards set at an
angle to the shaft; I do not therefore lay any claim to using angular paddles
or float boards; neither do I claim any of the various parts of which the
steam engine above described is composed, they being separately well known
and in use. But what I claim as my Invention is,―
First, the constructing marine steam engines having three pistons rods, two
of which communicate the power of the steam acting on the piston to the shaft,
as above described, and the other works the air pump.
And, secondly, the constructing of paddle wheels having the paddle boards
set at an angle to each other, and having a dividing board or plate to prevent the
water being forced laterally so long as the float boards are intended to be in
action as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Elijah Galloway, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourth day of May, One thousand eight hundred
and thirty-three.
ELIJAH (L.S.) GALLOWAY,

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fourth day of May, in the
year of our Lord 1833, the aforesaid Elijah Galloway came before our said
Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that nurnose
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fourth day of May, in the
year of our Lord 1833, the aforesaid Elijah Galloway came before our said
Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose
Inrolled the Seventh day of May, in the year of our Lord One thou-
sand eight hundred and thirty-three.