IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEPHONES
Year: 1884

page_text: I MAXYMILYAN KOTYRA, of Westgate Street, Cardiff, in the County of
Glamorgan, Electrical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEPHONES to be as follows:-
12
My invention relates to telephones and comprises various improvements as
hereinafter set forth.
In carrying my said invention into practice, I provide a suitable box or case,
which is preferably furnished with a handle and a mouth-piece, and which has at
one end a disc or diaphragm of paper, parchment, metal, or other suitable material,
not necessarily magnetic. A magnet consisting of a flat bar curved or bent into
the form of an arc, or segment of a circle, is fixed rigidly to the said box or case
by a screw or other suitable means at a point equidistant from its ends, so that the
said ends can be vibrated by the variations or fluctuations of the electric current
as hereinafter described. It may be either a permanent magnet or an electro-
magnet.
To the ends of this magnet are fixed polar extensions, one on each side of the
said magnet. These extensions project radially inward, and small coils are attached
thereto as follows, that is to say:-One of these polar extensions is adjustably
connected by a screw and nuts or other suitable means, to the aforesaid disc or
diaphragm. The core within one of the said coils is firmly secured to this polar
extension: The core within the other coil is made in two parts, one of which is
fixed to the other polar extension. The other part of the said core is adjustable to
and from the first named core so that the distance between the said cores can be
regulated with great accuracy. For this purpose I prefer to make the said
adjustable part in the form of a screw having a large head and made with a groove
or slit in its outer end, or otherwise, to permit its adjustment by means of a screw
driver or other suitable device. This screw passes through a screw-threaded
aperture in the fixed part of the said core.
The conducting wires are connected to the coils in any convenient manner.
The effect of the electrical variations or fluctuations produced in the said coils by
speaking into a transmitter included in the same circuit, will causo alternately the
mutual attraction and repulsion of the polar extensions, and the diaphragm will
therefore be vibrated mechanically so as to reproduce the sounds introduced into
the transmitter.

page_text: It will therefore be seen that my instrument differs from those heretofore
employed which depend for their action upon the vibration of a diaphragm in
front of a permanent or electro-magnet, and in which the diaphragm acts as an
armature.
It will be scen, moreover, that the vibration of the polar extensions does not
increase and diminish the distance between the ends of the curved magnet, that is
to say, it does not expand and contract the said magnet, as in some telephonic
instruments heretofore employed, but it exerts torsional or twisting strains thereon
in either direction alternately.
By making my improved telephonic instrument of large dimensions, it may be
adapted to serve either as a receiver or as a transmitter.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
I, MAXYMILIAN KOTYRA, of Westgate Street, Cardiff, Glamorganshire, Electrical
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TELEPHONES" and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to telephonic apparatus, and is designed to provide an.
improved telephone receiver, which will, in some cases, also serve as a transmitter,
if desired.
My improvements are illustrated in the accompanying drawing, in which
Figuro 1 is a central section of a receiving instrument made according to my
invention.
Figure 2 is also a central section of the same, with the mouth-piece removed and
some of the parts shown in elevation.
Figure 3 is a plan of the said instrument, with some of the parts removed.
Figure 4 is a central section of a larger form of my receiving instrument, which
may also be used as a transmitter.
Figure 5 is also a central section of the same, with the mouth-piece removed and
some of the parts shown in elevation, and
Figure 6 is a plan of the same, with some of the parts removed.
Like letters indicate corresponding parts throughout the drawing.
a is the box or case of the instrument, which is provided with a suitable
handle a¹. bis the mouth-piece and c the diaphragm. d is a magnet consisting of
a flat bar curved or bent into the form of an arc or segment of a circle. It may be
advantageously made in the form of the letter C, and it may be either a permanent
magnet or an electro-magnet. This magnet is fixed firmly to the case a by the
screw at a point equidistant from its ends, so that the said ends can freely
vibrate.
To the ends of the magnet & are fixed the polar extensions d', d³, one on each
side of the said magnet. These extensions project radially inward, and small
coils ffare attached thereto as hereinafter described.
The polar extension d' is adjustably connected by the screw g and nuts gl (or it
may be connected by other suitable means) to the disc or diaphragm c, which is of
metal or other suitable material, but is not necessarily magnetic. The core ƒ³
within the coilf is firmly secured to the polar extension d. The core within the
coil is made in two parts ff. The part f³ of the said core is firmly secured
to the polar extension d', and the other part is adjustable to and from the
core, so that the distance between the said cores can be regulated with great
accuracy. For this purpose, I prefer to make the adjustable part f' in the form of
a screw having a large head, as shewn, and made with a groove or slit in its outer
end, or otherwise, to permit its adjustment by means of a screw-driver or other
suitable device. This screw passes through a screw-threaded aperture in the
part f
The conducting wires are connected to the coils in any convenient manner.
The effect of the electrical variations or fluctuations produced in the coils f.ƒ',
by speaking into a transmitter included in the same circuit, will cause alternately

page_text: the mutual attraction and repulsion of the polar extensions d', d, and the
diaphragm c will, therefore, be vibrated mechanically so as to reproduce the sounds
introduced into the transmitter.
It will, therefore, be seen that, in my instrument, the diaphragm does not serve
as an armature and is not vibrated by the action of a magnet, which is separate
from, or unconnected with, it, but the said diaphragm is connected with, or secured
to, one of the polar extensions of the magnet and vibrates therewith.
It will be seen, morcover, that the vibration of the polar extensions d', d³, does
not increase and diminish the distance between the ends of the magnet d, that is to
say, it does not expand and contract the said magnet, as in some telephonic
instruments heretofore employed, but it exerts a torsional or twisting strain
thereon in either direction alternately.
By making my improved telephonic instrument of large dimensions, it may be
adapted to serve either as a receiver or as a transmitter. An instrument which
may be used for this purpose is shewn in Figures 4 to 6.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
First. In a telephonic instrument or apparatus, a segmental or curved magnet
held at a point equidistant from its ends and provided with polar extensions, each
of which carries a coil, and one of which is adjustably attached to the diaphragm,
the whole being so arranged that the vibrations of the said polar extensions will
cause torsional strains upon the said magnet, substantially as set forth.
Second. In a telephonic instrument or apparatus, substantially as above described,
the combination, with the polar extension, of the coil, having the adjustable core,
substantially as, and for the purpose, set forth.
Third. The improved telephonic instrument or apparatus consisting of the
parts constructed and combined' substantially as described with reference to the
accompanying drawing and operating as above set forth.
Dated this 26th day of February 1885.
HASELTINE;. LAKE & Co.,
For the Applicant.