Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 20th July, 1895
Complete Specification Left, 21st May, 1896-Accepted, 18th July, 1896

page_text: The tubes A are connected by a large number of small tubes more or less
vertically disposed with the usual steam drum which I will call C, the steam being
raised in the vertical tubes and discharged into the drum C in the usual manner.
All the small tubes are curved to permit of free expansion without causing strain.
There will be one or more rows of small tubes rising from each of the tubes A
either in distinct rows or arranged so that one row breaks joint with the others as
desired and between each set of vertical tubes springing from each tube A is the
heating flame or gases either as a distinct sheet of flame between the rows of
vertical tubes or the flames or heated gases may impinge upon or circulate about
these. tubes A in any desired manner. If a luminous flame is employed-it-is
arranged not to touch the tubes as otherwise there would be a deposit of soot.
For small boilers having the four tubes A above described a convenient arrange-
ment is to provide three flame spaces between the four rows of vertical tubes the
two central rows of tubes rising nearly vertical and the outside ones rising either
vertical at first and then curved over or curved altogether so that their other ends
can conveniently enter the drum C.
A most important feature of this boiler is the arrangement which I have
adopted whereby the water level can be maintained proportionately very much
lower than has hitherto been necessary. Hitherto it has been the practice as
previously stated to have a considerable body of water in the drum C in order
that the joints made by the vertical tubes with the drum C may be efficiently
protected by water and thus be prevented from burning or giving way.
Careful
experiment however has shown me that it is not necessary to have any supply of
water in the drum C to protect these joints as the expansion and ebullition in the
small vertical tubes caused expansion of the water in those tubes and the formation
of steam globules causes the water to rise in those tubes and protect the joints
even when there is no body of water-in effect no water at all-in the drum C,
my experiments showing that the water and steam globules rise to the top of the
vertical tubes (the water thus protecting the joints) the steam globules merely
escaping into the drum C and the water which is ejected from the vertical tubes
flashing into steam in the larger space provided by the drum C. Consequently
I have, by my arrangement, the great advantage of using the whole capacity of
the drum C as steam space without any collection of water in it while at the same
time I have the joints of the vertical tubes and the drum efficiently protected
by the water.
It will be appreciated that owing to the small body of water contained in the
vertical tubes and great heat to which these tubes are subjected and the consequent
rapid evaporation of the water some means must be provided to retain the water
in those tubes at the required level or it would run down so low that it would be
entirely vaporised before reaching the drum C and would consequently not protect
the joints there or might even be evaporated altogether and cause the burning of
the vertical tubes and the possible explosion of the apparatus. As it would
hardly be safe to trust to the operation of a pump or injector however carefully
adjusted, to maintain the water supply at the correct level, I provide the drum B
previously mentioned and place this in such a position that the water being
maintained at the appropriate level in this drum or reservoir will by gravity
maintain a suitable level in the vertical tubes, the tubes A from which the vertical
tubes spring being as already mentioned connected with this drum B. The level
of water in the drum is while the boiler is working lower than that in the tubes,
as in the former case the column of water is solid whereas in the tubes the column
is partly of water and partly steam. The drum B increases the water capacity
of the boiler at and near to the particular level that is found to be most efficient.
The drum B may be connected with the drum C by a pipe or equivalent means
not for the purpose of circulation but merely to equalise the pressure and prevent
the water in the drum B being forced up to the top of it as might otherwise be the
However, the drum B may be arranged to be either partly or entirely full
of water though I prefer to have the water level at about the middle of this drum.
case.

page_text: his drum B, the portion of which not filled by water may if required be utilised
s a steam reservoir, may be provided with a glass or other water gauge or means
indicating or maintaining (a flat valve for example) the level of the water
herein.
All the mountings and fittings such as pressure gauges valves etc. are fixed to
he covers of the drum C which are purposely made thicker to allow of obtaining
good thread in the screwed holes. This keeps the tubular surfaces unbroken
xcept where the small tubes are inserted at which points the tubes are strengthened
y brazing. The feed water is supplied into the tubes A preferably by a T-joint
nto the tube that connects the second and third or the two centre tubes A.
2nd. THE FURNACE.
As in the vehicles such as I am now describing it is desirable to have every-
thing as simple as possible and the fuel of a nature that can be readily obtained
when travelling in various parts of the country I prefer in this instance to heat the
boiler by ordinary petroleum or equivalent lamp oil supplied by burners with wicks.
The burners may be carried in suitable oil vessels or troughs and can be raised or
lowered so as to increase or decrease the flame together or independently for the
purposes of adjustment. To do this I may use the ordinary wick-raising wheels or
rollers having toothed or worm wheels upon the outer end of their spindles,
engaging with worms carried upon a rod tube or equivalent each worm being
preferably provided with a milled head by which it can be turned upon its
supporting shaft independently of the others but no longitudinal travel being
allowed so that if the rod he moved in the direction of its length and worms
engaging with the wheels upon the wick spindles will move the whole of them
simultaneously and to a like extent and will consequently raise or lower all the
Or a worm and arm may be
wicks at the same time and to the same extent.
carried upon each wick spindle and connected to the rod; the arm would in each
case give the movement to the spindle and the worm wheel and a worm carried by
each arm would provide the independent adjustment.
The boiler and furnace may be enclosed in a casing male partly double to
provide a space through which the air would pass to the burners thus heating it
before it comes into contact with the flame, the said space may contain wire gauze.
or perforated metal to prevent draughts or irregularities in the supply of air to the
flames. This casing may be secured upon a suitable framework which would carry
the boiler and engine. To prevent the steam pressure exceeding the required
limit I may employ the following apparatus. In a suitable cylinder or equivalent
place a flexible diaphragm for example india-rubber or metal with a piston behind
it, the rod of which passes through a tube outside which it is connected with a
bell-crank or straight inultiplying lever jointed to the rod which carries the worms
above described. Around the piston rod and inside the tube is a helical spring
loaded to the required pressure say for example what would be equal to 100 pounds
pressure to the square inch in the boiler. Steam is admitted to the cylinder or
vessel just described and pressing on the diaphragm forces the piston against the
pressure of its spring and should the steam pressure exceed the power of the
spring the piston rod will be moved operating the previously described worms and
turning the wicks down and thus reducing the flame and preventing the further
increase of the steam pressure. When the steam pressure is reduced the spring
overcomes the steam pressure returning the parts to their former position and
turning up the wicks and increasing the flame. The same cycle of operations
would ensue if the mechanism were connected with a supply tap or valve of a gas
heater instead of the wicks. The oil may be vaporised and burnt with air as a
gas. The diaphragm is useful as it makes this portion of the apparatus absolutely
leakless which would not be the case if the piston only were employed. If it be
desired to have the spring under tension instead of compression this may be
5 conveniently done by introducing a simple lever so as to still produce the same

page_text: effect upon the piston. An attachment in connection with this part of the
apparatus may be used by operating which the flames may be simultaneously
extinguished. A simple way of effecting this is to connect the lever from the
regulator with a two-armed lever, the fulcrum of which would be connected with
the rod which carries the worm wheels the other end carrying a pivot rod or
equivalent which would normally be fixed so that that joint would serve as a
fulcrum and the worm rod would be moved as previously described.
When it was
desired to promptly extinguish the lights the extra pivot rod would be released
and operated so as to move the worm rod to a greater extent than when operated
automatically and thus turn the lights quite down or entirely out.
3rd. THE OIL RESERVOIR.
The oil reservoir may be hinged to its support for convenience of filling and in
order to maintain the oil at the proper height in the lamps I prefer to employ the
well-known atmospheric device commonly used in water vessels for poultry in
which the further supply takes place when the level falls sufficiently to unclose
the water or oil seal, thus allowing air to enter the vessel and expel the fuel. To
guard against accidental entrance of air or flooding I may employ a light valve to
close the opening so arranged as to allow the passage of the air when required.
This reservoir would communicate with the lamps or their reservoirs in any
convenient manner. The reservoir may be connected with or when desired carried
by a spring balance the weight indicating the amount of oil in the reservoir.
4th. LEAKLESS SAFETY VALVE.
As it is important to avoid leakage an ordinary safety valve cannot con-
veniently he employed as it is likely to allow of the escape of steam even before
the predetermined load is reached, therefore prefer to employ the following
valve. This consists of a cylinder or vessel with a flexible diaphragm preferably
rubber, and a piston loaded by spring pressure to the required load which would
preferably be considerably beyond the usual working load fixed by the furnace
regulator already described under the heading 2. The cylinder or vessel. is
provided with an orifice to the atmosphere or to the flames for the purpose of
extinguishing them behind the piston and the steam being introduced in front of
the diaphragm presses upon it and the piston but is prevented from operating
the valve by the loaded spring. Should the steam pressure exceed the load the
piston is forced back in the cylinder until it passes the orifice above mentioned
when the flexible diaphragm is stretched over this orifice by the steam pressure
and being at that point unsupported by the cylinder or casing it will burst and
allow the steam to escape. This valve is naturally only intended as an emergency
valve and although if the piston be a fair fit in the cylinder the apparatus could
be continued temporarily working without renewing the diaphragm some slight
escape of steam or water might take place.
5th. THE BRAKE.
This may operate upon the same principles as the regulator (2) and safety
valve (4) and may cousist of a cylinder or casing, flat diaphragm to prevent
leakage, a spring loaded piston and connections to a brake of any suitable
description, say a band brake around a drum upon one of the moving shafts of
the apparatus preferably the axle of the wheels. To operate the brake the steam
would be admitted in front of the diaphragm and forcing the piston against the
pressure of its spring would apply the brake which when the pressure was taken
off would be released by the spring returning the piston and diaphragm to their
normal positions A thro-war nook w
quivalent valve may be omnloved first.

page_text: to admit the steam and secondly to cut off the steam and connect the inside of the
brake cylinder with the condenser.
Amongst minor details may be mentioned the stop valve or regulator consisting
of a simple disc moved in a casing so as to cover or uncover the steam opening,
the disc being preferably moved by an arm upon the inner end of the valve spindle
rotating in a long stuffing box having spring pressure applied to the packing so
as to prevent leakage. All the stuffing boxes may be provided with springs to
compress the packing and to stop leakage and take up wear. The supply of
steam to the engine would be introduced from the boiler to the casing of this
valve and would then pass the engine when the valve was open. Any suitable
form of engine may be employed preferably of the three-cylinder triple expansion
type and as in such an engine it will only start when the first cylinder is in its
operative position I may have an indicator say conveniently in the form of a
drum painted in different colours or otherwise marked to indicate when the engine
was in the proper position for starting and to ensure the engine being in this
position I may employ a rod or equivalent connected with the starting lever and
carrying one or more pawls or equivalent adapted to turn the engine shaft until
it came to the proper position, thus making the regulator handle or lever perform
the two functions by two separate movements first of turning the engine shaft to
the proper position for starting and secondly for turning on the steam.
desired the before-mentioned pawl may be arranged so as to engage with a pitch
chain passing over a chain wheel upon the engine shaft, but other mechanism may
be used for this purpose.
If
The regulator lever may also be so arranged as to operate the spring-controlled
device whereby a temporary spray of water may be driven to the condensing
surfaces to increase for a time the efficiency of the condenser when extra power is
required, say for hill climbing. Separate levers or operating devices may be used
for these various parts but to avoid confusion I prefer to operate them by as few
levers or handles as possible, and therefore connect as many of them as I can with
the regulator.
The engine should be entirely cased in and suitable means adopted to prevent
leakage so that as explained before the same water may be employed over and
over again through the complete cycle of operations.
Regarding the general arrangement I prefer to place the boiler as low down as
I safely can and immediately above it to place a superheater for the purpose of
superheating the steam before it is supplied to the engine so as to further utilise
the heat of the waste gases from the furnace, and over the superheater to place
the engine which would thus be surrounded by the heated gases from the furnace
and would remain in a fairly equable temperature, the heated gases serving as a
heating jacket to the cylinders, increasing their efficiency and diminishing
radiation and condensation and affording the great advantage of hot cylinders to
start with and so avoiding the accumulation of water in the cylinders-an
important point where loss of water has to be avoided and the water therefore
cannot be blown out of the cylinders in the ordinary way.
For lubrication purposes I prefer to employ a lubricant which will not be too
thin and fluid at the high temperatures it will meet with in the working parts of
the engine and for this purpose I employ a sufficiently stiff grease or equivalent
such as a stift vaseline, ozokerite or the like and use this in the form of blocks or
cylinders to be placed inside tubes with means such as pistons for forcing the
blocks forward and they being in a sufficiently plastic condition driving the
lubricant forward through the tubes connected with the parts to be lubricated.
In order to ensure all the working parts of the engine being efficiently lubricated
I prefer to have one lubricator for each working part and to connect their pistons
by a suitable frame or equivalent so that one piston cannot operate without the
others. The lubricator may be operated in any convenient manner from the
working parts of the engine as by a pawl and ratchet, worm and worm wheel, or
the like, and preferably each lubricator piston is carried upon a screwed spindle

page_text: to allow of individual adjustment. As the lubricant would be liable to foul the
condenser tubes I prefer to employ a centrifugal separator of the kind well-known
for separating water grease and impurities from steam. The grease from the
separator would be received in a tube the cap to close which would carry an inner
tube in which the grease would settle, an inwardly projecting ring or equivalent
helping to draw out the whole contents of this receptacle a portion or the whole of
which may be solid, when the cap and tube were withdrawn.
Any suitable form of condenser may be employed preferably in a divided
horse-shoe shape and lying parallel at each side with the road driving wheels of
the vehicle and round the front thus taking advantage of the draught of the
wheels and of the vehicle in passing through the air and serving as a shield to
protect those portions of the apparatus which it is desired to maintain at a high
temperature.
The condenser is arranged to give the rapid clearance from condensed water
and to allow of free access and removal of air, also to bring the coolest air to meet
the cooler part of the tubes. Cowls or hoods may be used to direct the air to any
desired part of the condenser, which is arranged on a slant to facilitate the removal
of the condensed water.
A
The framework for light vehicles would preferably be of steel or similar tubing
arranged very much upon the methods now commonly adopted and well
understood in the construction of cycles, the motor and its connections being
carried upon springs or otherwise suitably connected with the frame-work.
convenient form of vehicle would have four wheels the back ones taking the
weight of the motor and its connections and the front ones serving as steering
wheels and taking the weight of the riders. In a small vehicle intended to carry
only two riders one might sit between the two pairs of wheels and attend to the
motor and mechanism generally whilst the front rider could recline in a.
comfortable seat arranged between the front wheels somewhat after the fashion of
what has been known as a Coventry chair.
The motor may operate a shaft pivotted in or upon the framework of the
vehicle, this shaft connected either directly or through another shaft preferably
by chain gearing with the axles of the road wheels, an arrangement which would
allow of movement between these wheels and the frame without altering the
tension of the chain.
Any convenient arrangements of pumps or jets may be employed to return the
water from the condenser to the boiler, and to remove the air from the condenser
and system, before commencing work.
To avoid side strains upon the engine shaft I prefer to employ what is known in
relation to lathes as a "Clement's drive"; that is the shaft will terminate in a
plate or disc upon which is another plate disc or equivalent capable of sliding
within limits upon the first plate but rotating with it and carrying suitable
projections or equivalent with which engage corresponding projections upon a
second shaft from which the power is imparted to the rest of the mechanism.
This would be in effect a clutch to which a limited amount of adjustment is
permitted.
To inform the driver when steam is up and he can start I may in addition to or
instead of the usual pressure gauge employ an indicator moving with the flame
regulator and presenting a different colour or a statement iudicating when the
pressure is up and when it is not.
Dated this 20th day of July 1895.
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in or relating to Motor Driven Vehicles.
1, THOMAS CLARKSON, of Grove Villa, Carshalton Grove, Sutton, in the
County of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the sanie is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to motor driven vehicles and as it is particularly suitable
for road vehicles I will describe it in that application, though I do not limit
myself to that application only. Some of the points that I have in view are to
produce a motor light, compact, economical in working and not too expensive,
free from complication and capable of being worked without the necessity for
skilled attention, the heating of the boiler being automatically regulated so as to
stop the generation of steam when the required limit of pressure is reached and
the same
water being continuously used through the cycle of operations
viz. generating steam in boiler, working engine, condensation and return to boiler
without loss or at all events serious loss by leakage. It will be appreciated that
the structural details may be varied according to the particular application
though the general principles of construction would be the same in all the
applications.
The invention will be best understood by reference to the accompanying
drawings in which
Fig. 1 is a side elevation and Fig. 2 a plan of a motor-driven vehicle constructed!
according to my invention.
Figs. 3 and 4 are sectional views showing the boiler and furnace and other
adjacent parts in respectively end and side elevation.
Fig. 5 is a horizontal section of the boiler on the line 5-5 of Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is a perspective view of an alternative form of the flame adjusting or
extinguishing device shown in Figs. 3 and 4.
Fig. 7 is a diagrammatic view of portion of the mechanism for operating the
device shown in Fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is a section of the brake-operating apparatus.
Fig. 9 is a section through the regulator valve and casing.
Fig. 10 is a diagrammatic view of apparatus for spraying water on to the
condensor tubes and
Figs. 11 and 12 are respectively a vertical section and a plan of the grease-
separator.
Figs. 1 and 2 are drawn to one scale, Figs. 3 and 4 to another and the other
figures to various scales.
Like letters indicate like parts throughout the drawings.
The principal parts to which the improvements relate are 1st, the boiler, 2nd the
furnace and its automatic controlling mechanism, 3rd, the oil reservoir, 4th a
leakless safety valve, 5th, the brake and 6th, some minor details. I will also
describe a suitable frame work for a motor carriage, although the same mechanism
may be applied to various kinds of frames.
1st. THE BOILER A..
This as shown in Figs. 3, 4 and 5 consists of small tubes a larger tube or
drum A¹ usually being employed to contain the steam and be perhaps half filled
with the water as well. By my improvements I am able to use this drum A¹
entirely as steam space and to lower the level of the water very materially below.
what has hitherto been considered safe.
This arrangement is found to increase the steaming power of the boiler and also

page_text: reduces the possibility of "priming" especially when the boiler is subjected to
more or less violent shaking or vibration as for example when mounted upon a
road carriage.
I employ any desired number, say for example four, of horizontal or approxi-
mately horizontal tubes A². I close the ends of these tubes and connect their
ends preferably by curved tubes A³ of relatively small diameter partly for
strength, lightness and convenience and partly to diminish radiation. These
connections as shown in Fig. 5 would preferably be arranged starting from one
side to connect one end of the first tube A2 with the same end of the second
tube A2, the other end of the second tube with the corresponding end of the third
tube and the end of the third tube with the corresponding end of the fourth tube
so that the first and second and third and fourth are connected in pairs at one
end and the second and third in pairs at the other end, at which end also the first
and fourth tubes are connected by pipes A' with a supplementary drum or
reservoir A which I will further describe later on.
The tubes A are connected by a large number of small tubes A more or less
vertically disposed, with the usual steam drum A¹, the steam being raised in the
vertical tubes A' and discharged into the drum A¹ in the usual manner.. All the
small tubes A are more or less curved as shown in Fig. 3 to permit of free
expansion without causing strain. There will be one or more rows of the small
tubes A (four are shown in Fig. 3) rising from each of the tubes A² either in
distinct rows or arranged as shown in Fig. 5 so that one row breaks joint with the
others as desired, and between each set of vertical tubes A springing from cach
tube A is the heating flame either as a distinct sheet of flame between the rows
of vertical tubes or the flames or heated gases therefrom may impinge upon or
circulate about these tubes A in any desired manner. If a luminous flame is
employed it is arranged not to touch the tubes as otherwise there would be a
deposit of soot. For small boilers having the four tubes A as above described a
convenient arrangement is to provide three flame spaces between the four rows of
vertical tubes A the two central rows of these tubes though slightly curved
rising nearly vertical and the outside ones rising either vertical at first and
then curved over or curved altogether so that their other ends can conveniently.
enter the drum A¹.
A most important feature of this boiler is the arrangement which I have adopted,
whereby the water level can be maintained proportionately very much lower than
has hitherto been necessary. Hitherto it has been the practice as previously
stated to have a considerable body of water in the drum A in order that the
joints made by the vertical tubes A with the drum A' may be efficiently protected
by water and thus be prevented from burning or giving way. Careful experiment
however has shown me that it is not necessary to have any supply of water in the
drum A to protect these joints as the expansion and ebullition in the small vertical
tubes A causes expansion of the water in those tubes and the formation of steam
globules causes the water to rise in those tubes and protect the joints even when
there is no body of water-iu effect no water at all-in the drum A', my
experiments showing that the water and steam globules rise to the top of the
vertical tubes A° (the water thus protecting the joints) the steam globules merely
escaping into the drum A' and the water which is ejected from the vertical tubes
flashing into steam in the larger space provided by the drum A'. Consequently
I have, by my arrangement, the great advantage of using the whole capacity of
the drum A as steam space, without any collection of water in it while at the
same time I have the joints of the vertical tubes A and the drum A' efficiently
protected by the water.
It will be appreciated that owing to the small body of water contained in the
vertical tubes A and great heat to which these tubes are subjected and the
consequent rapid evaporation of the water, some means must be provided to retain
the water in those tubes at the required level or it would run down so low that it
would be entirely vaporised before reaching the drum A' and would consequently

page_text: ot protect the joints there, or might even be evaporated altogether and case the
urning of the vertical tubes A and the possible explosion of the apparatus. As
would hardly be safe to trust to the operation of a pump or injector, however
arefully adjusted, to supply the boiler with water at a speel exactly corresponding;
o the consumption of steam at any instant, in order to maintain the water supply
At the correct level, I provide the drum A previously mentioned and place this in
uch a position that the water being maintained at the appropriate level in this
Irum or reservoir will by gravity maintain a suitable level in the vertical tubes,
he tubes A2 from which the vertical tubes A spring being as already mentioned
connected with this drum A. The level of water in the drun A' is, while the,
boiler is working, lower than that in the tubes A, as, in the former case the
column of water is solid, whereas in the tubes A" the column is partly of water.
and partly steam. The drum A increases the water capacity of the boiler at and
near to the particular level that is found to be most efficient. The drum A³ may
be connected with the drum A' by a pipe or equivalent means A' Fig. 4, not.
merely for the purpose of circulation but more particularly to equalise the pressure
and prevent the water in the drum A' being forced up to the top of it as might
otherwise be the case. However, the drum A' may be arranged to be either
partly or entirely full of water though I prefer to have the water level as shown
in Fig. 4, at about the middle of this drum. This drum A, the portion of which
not filled by water may if required be utilised as a steam reservoir, may be
provided with a glass or other water gauge or means of indicating or maintaining
(a float-operated valve B for example) the level of the water therein, the valve B
being provided for diverting the delivery of the pump or equivalent not shown in
the drawings, either to the boiler or reserve tank with the object of maintaining
the water in the boiler at a practically uniform level.
The drum A instead of being placed at the end of the boiler as shown in Fig. 4
may be placed beneath the drum A¹ and between the sets of tubes A, the space
between which latter would be correspondingly enlarged.
All the mountings and fittings such as pressure gauges valves etc. are fixed to
the covers of the drum A' which as shown in Fig. 4 are purposely made thicker
This keeps the
to allow of obtaining a good thread in the screwed holes.
cylindrical wall of the drum A¹ unbroken except where the small tubes A are
inserted at which points the wall is strengthened by brazing. The feed water is
supplied by a suitable pump or injector into the tubes A² preferably by a pipe A³
connected to the tube A³ that connects the second and third or the two centre of
the tubes A²
2nd. THE FURNACE.
As, in the vehicles such as I am now describing, it is desirable to have
everything as simple as possible and the fuel of a nature that can be readily
obtained when travelling in various parts of the country; I prefer in this instance
to heat the boiler A by ordinary petroleum or equivalent lamp oil supplied by
burners C with wicks. The burners C may be carried in suitable oil vessels or
troughs Ccach preferably of small capacity and all connected together at either end
by tubes, by which arrangement the air supply to each of the wicks is facilitated,
and, as the troughs are intended only to contain the wicks and keep them moist,
practically uniform level of the oil is obtained, the supply to these troughs being
kept up by the reservoir hereinafter described. The wicks can be raised or
lowered so as to increase or decrease or extinguish the flames, either all together
or each independently of the other or others for the purposes of adjustment.
To do this I may use the ordinary wick-raising wheels or rollers C shown in
dotted lines in Fig. 3, having toothed or worm wheels C³ upou the outer end of
their spindles C+, engaging with worms C carried upon a rod, tube or equivalent
shaft C, each worm being preferably provided with a millled head C' by which it
5 can be turned upon the shaft C independently of the others. The worms C
though free to rotate upon. the shaft C cannot move longitudinally thereon, being
B

page_text: prevented from doing so by collars C8 fixed on the shaft Co, consequently, if the
shaft Co be moved in the direction of its length, the worms C³ engaging with the
wheels C³ upon the wick spindles C will move the whole of the latter simultaneously
and to a like extent and will consequently raise or lower all the wicks at the same
time and to the same extent. Should it be necessary to raise or lower any one
wick independently of the others, this may be effected by turning the milled
head C' and worm C³ appertaining to that particular wick. Or a worm and arm
may be carried upon each wick spindle and connected to the rod; the arm would
in such case give the movement to the spindle and the worm wheel and a worm
carried by each arm would provide the independent adjustment; or instead of the
foregoing wick-adjusting arrangements, I may control the size of the flames, or
extinguish them altogether, by means of sleeves vertically adjustable on the wick
tubes C. A suitable device for attaining this result is shown in Figs. 6 and 7
wherein Care the wick sleeves; all of which are carried in or form part of a
frame C10 which may be raised and lowered by means of a parallel motion device
comprising two equal levers C" pivotted at respectively opposite points C to
conveniently the furnace casing D and connected at their free ends by links C¹³
to respectively opposite ends of the frame C10. The two levers C" are connected
by a link C and to preferably the upper of the two levers C" is connected a
device hereinafter described for indicating whether the pressure is up or not. The
lower of the two levers C is connected by a link E to the pressure regulator
hereinafter described. In this arrangement the individual adjustment of the wicks
may be effected by the ordinary star-shaped wick-adjusting wheels or in any other
convenient manner.
The boiler and furnace may be enclosed in a casing D D¹ made partly double
to provide a space D2 through which the air would pass to the burners C thus
heating it before it comes into contact with the flame, the said space may contain
wire gauze or perforated metal D³ to prevent draughts or irregularities in the
supply of air to the flames. This casing may be secured upon a suitable framework
hereinafter described, which would carry the boiler and engine.
To prevent the steam pressure exceeding the required limit I may employ the
following apparatus. In a suitable cylinder or equivalent E I place a flexible
diaphragm E of, for example, india-rubber or metal, with a piston E² behind it,
the rod Es of which latter passes through a tube E, outside which it is connected
through say a bell crank lever E, link E and another bell crank lever E' to one
end of the rod or shaft C which carries the wick-operating worms C³ above
described; the other end of the shaft C is supported in a preferably spring-
controlled bearing C" which holds the worms C in gear with the wheels C³ and
may be moved to one side so as to release the shaft C when it may be necessary
to remove the lamps C from their working position. Around the piston rod E³
and inside the tube E is a helical spring Es loaded to the required pressure, say
for example what would be equal to 100 pounds pressure to the square inch in the
boiler. Steam is admitted to the cylinder or vessel E and pressing on the
diaphragm E' forces the piston E* against the pressure of its spring E³, and should
the steam pressure exceed the power of this spring the piston rod E³ will be
moved, operating the previously described worms C and turning the wicks down
and thus reducing the flame and preventing the further increase of the steam
pressure. When the steam pressure is reduced the spring Es overcomes the steam
pressure, returning the parts to their former position and turning up the wicks and
increasing the flame. The same cycle of operations would ensue if the mechanism
were connected with a gas-supply tap or valve instead of the wicks. The oil may
be vaporised and burnt with air as a gas. The diaphragm E' is useful as it makes
this portion of the apparatus absolutely leakless which would not be the case if the
piston E³ only were employed. The casing or tube Et may, at one end, be fitted
with a screwed cap or equivalent, by adjusting which the effective pressure of the
spring Es may be increased or decreased. If it be desired to have the spring Es
under tension instead of, as in the last described. arrangement, compression, this

page_text: may be conveniently done by introducing a simple lever and connecting this lever
at one end to the piston E' or piston rod E³ and the other end to the spring, so as
to still produce the same effect upon the piston E. The spring in this arrange-
ment may or may not be enclosed in a tube or casing, and would be attached to a
fixed bracket by say an eye bolt and nut so as to allow of its tension being adjusted
to suit the pressure at which it is desired the piston E and wick regulating
devices shall be operated. An attachment in connection with this part of the
apparatus may be used, by operating which the flames may be simultaneously
extinguished.
3rd. THE OIL RESERVOIR.
The oil reservoir F may be hinged to its supports G¹, which may form part of
the machine frame G, for convenience of filling, and in order to maintain the oil at
the proper height in the lamps I prefer to employ the well-known atmospheric
device commonly used in water vessels for poultry in which the further supply
takes place when the level falls sufficiently to unclose or break the liquid seal,
thus allowing air to enter the vessel and expel the fuel.
The liquid seal, in the example illustrated in the drawings is constituted by a
cup F formed in or on the tube F2 which is in direct communication with the oil
vessels or troughs C₁, and by an outlet nozzle F³ fixed to and opening into the
reservoir F. To guard against accidental entrance of air into the reservoir F
and thereby prevent flooding I provide inside the reservoir a light preferably
hinged valve F which is adapted automatically to close against the nozzle or
outlet F³ when the reservoir is turned over from its operative position and which,
when the reservoir is inverted, as it may be for the purpose of being filled, either
falls by gravity away from the nozzle 3 or may be pressed back from it by the
end of a funnel through which the oil would be poured into the reservoir. To
open and keep open the valve F' when the reservoir is in its operative position,
I provide a pin or projection F in the cup F', the valve resting upon this pin when
the reservoir is in its working position as shown clearly in Fig. 1.
Instead of providing the usual gauge glass for indicating the quantity of liquid-
fuel in the reservoir F I prefer to employ a spring-balance F which may be
graduated to indicate the quantity in say gallons and the approximate time the
different quantities will last and the distance that may be travelled with the motor
working under normal conditions. The reservoir F normally rests upon the
supports G and may be retained in a vertical position by a hook F7 and spring
catch F secured to say the spring balance Fº, engaging with a stud F secured on
the reservoir F. The spring balance may be prevented from swinging by means
of guides F10 movable on a rod F" the latter of which is secured to any convenient
fixed part of the frame.
The spring balance F may be suspended from a lever F1 by means of which it
can be raised from its normal position (in which the reservoir is not dependent
from it) and caused to take the weight of the reservoir and contents, which weight
will then be indicated on the scales of the balance. The lever F12 may be locked
in any desired position by means of a suitable locking bolt and quadrant F13.
To release the reservoir F so that it may be inverted for filling or other purposes
the spring catch F8 is raised so as to disengage it from the pin or stud F and the
reservoir may then be turned over on its hinge or pivot pin F14 which normally
rests on the bottom of the bearing G of the support Gl; this bearing is slotted or
formed open so as to allow of the reservoir being raised when the lever Fis
operated for weighing the quantity of the liquid fuel.

page_text: This consists of a cylinder or vessel H with a flexible diaphragm H' preferably
rubber, and a piston H' loaded by the pressure of a spring H³ to the required load
which would preferably be considerably beyond the usual working load fixed by
the furnace regulator E already described. The cylinder or vessel H is provided
at the back of the piston H2 with an orifice H open through a suitable pipe to the
flames for the purpose of extinguishing them, or open directly to the atmosphere
as shown in the drawings, and the steam being introduced in front of the
diaphragm H' pressed upon it and the piston H2 but is prevented from operating
the valve by the loaded spring H³. Should the steam pressure exceed the load
the piston H2 is forced back in the cylinder H until it passes the orifice H*
when the flexible diaphragm His stretched over this orifice by the steam pressure
and being at that point unsupported by the cylinder or casing H it will burst and
allow the steam to escape. This valve which, for convenience is hereinafter
referred to by the letter H is naturally only intended as an emergency valve and
although if the piston H² be a fair fit in the cylinder H and the apparatus could
-be continued temporarily working without renewing the diaphragm H' some slight
escape of steam or water might take place.
This as shown in Figs. 3, 4 and may operate upon the same principle as the
regulator E and safety valve H and may consist of a cylinder or casing J, a flat
diaphragm J¹ to prevent leakage, a piston J2 loaded by a spring J³ and connections,
including say a brake-lever J, to a brake of any suitable description, say a band
brake J around a drum Je upon one of the moving shafts K' of the apparatus
preferably the axle of the back road-wheels K. To operate the brake J the
steam would be admitted into the cylinder J in front of the diaphragm J' and
forcing the piston J2 against the pressure of its spring J³ would, through the
brake-lever J apply the brake J' which, when the pressure was cut off from the
cylinder J, would be released by the spring J³ returning the piston and diaphragin
to their normal positions. A three-way cock or equivalent valve L may be
employed, first to admit the steam into the brake-cylinder J, in which position it
is shown in Fig. 8 and secondly by turning the cock plug L in the direction
indicated by the arrow in Fig. 8 to cut off the steam from the cylinder J and
connect the interior of the latter through say a pipe L2 with the condenser. The
valve L may, by suitable means, be locked in the position in which it throws the
brake cylinder J into communication with the boiler so as to keep the brakes
firmly applied to the road wheels at the time that the steam is not being used for
operating the motor.
The lever for controlling the supply of steam to the engine and brake is capable
of being moved in various directions from its normal position in which the steam is
completely shut off; when moved in one direction steam is supplied to the engine
for travelling forward, when moved in another direction the vehicle is propelled
backwards and when moved in a third direction the steam is admitted to the brake-
cylinder in which last named position the lever may be locked as previously
mentioned.
6th. Amongst minor details may be mentioned the stop valve or regulator M
consisting as shown in Fig. 9 of a simple disc M' moved in a casing so as to cover
or uncover the steam opening M2, the disc M' being preferably moved by an
arm M³ upon the inner end of the valve spindle M, rotating in a long stuffing
box M³ having a spring M6 pressing through a suitable washer on the packing M
so as to prevent leakage. All the stuffing boxes may be provided with springs
such as the spring Me to automatically compress the packing, stop leakage and
take up wear. The supply of steam to the engine would be introduced from the
boiler to the casing or chamber A' with which this valve and the furnace
regulator E and safety valve H are connected, and would then pass to the engine

page_text: when the valve M' was open; the chamber A as snown may conveniently
portion of the boiler.
Any suitable form of engine may be employed, preference however being given
to an engine N such as diagrammatically indicated in Fig. 1, of the three-cylinder
triple expansion type.
The regulator lever O may also be so arranged as when fully opened to operate
a spring-controlled valve or device O' Fig. 10 whereby water is admitted to a
spraying nozzle 02 through which air under pressure is constantly delivered so that
a spray of water may be driven to the condensing surfaces S to increase for a time
the efficiency or capacity of the condenser when extra power is required, say for
bill climbing, the nozzle 02 for this purpose being connected by a pipe O³ with a
water-containing tank Oʻ. Separate levers or operating devices may be used for
these various parts but to avoid confusion I prefer to operate them by as few
levers or handles as possible, and therefore connect as many of them as I can with
the regulator lever O as before described.
The engine should be entirely cased in, a continuation of the casing D will serve
for this purpose, and suitable means adopted to prevent leakage so that as explained
before the same water may be employed over and over again through the complete
cycle of operations.
as a
Regarding the general arrangement I prefer to place the boiler A as low down
as I safely cau and immediately above it to place a superheater P for the purpose
of superheating the steam before it is supplied to the engine, so as to further utilise
the heat of the waste gases from the furnace, and over the superheater to place the
engine N which would thus be surrounded by the heated gases from the furnace
and would remain in a fairly equable temperature, the heated gases serving
beating jacket to the engine cylinders, increasing their efficiency, and diminishing
radiation and condensation, and affording the great advantage of hot cylinders to
start with, and so avoiding the accumulation of water in the cylinders-an important
point where less of time has to be avoided, and the water therefore cannot be blown
out of the cylinders in the ordinary way.
For lubrication purposes 1 prefer to employ a lubricant which will not be too
thin and fluid at the high temperatures it will meet with in the working part of
the engine, and for this purpose I employ a sufficiently stiff grease or equivalent
such as a siiff vaseline, ozokerite or the like and use this in the form of blocks or
cylinders to be placed inside cylinders Q with means such as pistons Q' for forcing
the lubricant forward through the tubes Q2, connecting the cylinders with the
parts to be lubricated. In order to ensure all the working parts of the engine
being efficiently lubricated I prefer to have one lubricator Q Q1 for each working
part and to arrange their connections so that all their pistons Q¹ may be operated
simultaneously. The lubricator may be operated in any convenient manner from
the working parts of the engine as by a worm shaft Q3 Fig. 1 intermittently
rotated by say a pawl and ratchet Q. Each worm on the shaft Q engages with
a worm wheel Q screwed on a threaded spindle Q connected to one of the
pistons Qand each spindle Q is preferably provided with a hand wheel or
equivalent Q to allow of its individual adjustment.
As the lubricant would be liable to foul the condenser tubes I prefer to employ
a centrifugal separator such as shown in Figs. 11 and 12, that is to say, one
substantially of the kind now well-known for separating water-grease. and
impurities from steam. The grease-laden steam on its way from the engine N to
the condenser is delivered tangentially into the upper part of a closed vessel R into
which dips the pipe R' connected with the condenser. The steam swirls around
the interior of the vessel R and the grease separates from it by gravity and falls
into a cup R2 which fits into and closes the lower end of the vessel R and in which
the grease settles. The cup R' is removable and is provided with an inwardly
projecting ring or equivalent R3 which, when the cup is removed, helps to draw
out the whole contents of the receptacle R a portion or the whole of which may be

page_text: •
solid, when the cup is withdrawn. The steam after being deprived of the grease
as last described passes onwards to the condenser through the pipe R¹.
Any suitable form of condenser may be employed preferably in a divided, horse-
shoe shape and lying parallel at each side with the road driving wheels K and
round at say the front of the casing D thus taking advantage of the draught of air
caused by the wheels and of the vehicle in passing through the air and serving as
a shield to protect those portions of the apparatus which it is desired to maintain
at a high temperature.
The condenser is arranged to give the rapid clearance from condensed water and
to allow of free access and removal of air, also to bring the coolest air to meet the
cooler part of the tubes.
In carrying this part of my invention into practice I prefer to employ wire-
enwrapped tubes such as those described in my prior Specification No. 11532
of 1895 (though I do not restrict myself to the use of these tubes) and arrange
them in two separably-connected sets S, each set as it were constituting a separate
condenser; for convenience they are herein described as separate condensers.
.Each condenser S is of substantially L-shape in plan and at its rear end, the
·condenser tubes are spread apart so as to expose more surface to the air which has
not already been caused to impinge on the tubes at a more forward part of the
condenser. At their rear ends the condenser tubes are all connected to a main
tube S¹ to which is also connected the steam exhaust pipe R' leading from the
before described grease-separator R, and at their front ends the condeuser tubes
are all connected to a pipe S2. The pipes S2 of the two condensers S are connected
together by a pipe S by which they are also connected to a tank from which the
condensed water is drawn for supplying the boiler A. Cowls or boods S4 Fig. 2
may be used to direct the air to any desired part of the condensers S each of which
as shown in Fig. 1 is arranged on a slant to facilitate the removal of the condensed
water, and to leave the back portions of the condenser tubes exposed to the air
which has not previously been warmed by the passage through it of the front
portions of the condenser tubes.
The framework for light vehicles would preferably be of steel or similar tubing
arranged very much upon the methods now commonly adopted and well understood
in the construction of cycles, the motor and its connections being carried upon
springs or otherwise suitably connected with the framework. A convenient form
of vehicle would have four road wheels K K2 the back ones K taking the weight
: of all the before described mechanism and the front ones K2 serving as steering
wheels and taking the weight of the riders. In a small vehicle intended to carry
only two riders such as is shown in Figs. 1 and 2, one rider might sit on a saddle T,
I between the two pairs of wheels K K and attend to the motor and mechanism
generally, whilst the front rider could recline in a comfortable seat T' arranged
between the front wheels K2 somewhat after the fashion of what has been known
as a Coventry chair.
The motor N may operate a shaft pivotted in or upon the framework G, this
shaft connected either directly as shown or through another shaft. preferably by
chain gearing, with the axle K of the back road wheels K an arrangement which
would allow of movement between these wheels K and the frame G without
altering the tension of the chain V.
Any convenient arrangement of pumps or jets may be employed to return the
water from the condenser to the boiler, and to remove the air from the condenser
and system, before commencing work.
To avoid side strains upon the engine shaft N¹ I prefer to employ what is known
in relation to lathes as a "Clement's drive"; that is the motor shaft N' will
terminate in a plate or disc W upon which is another plate, disc or equivalent W1
capable of sliding within limits upon the first plate W but rotating with it and
carrying suitable projections or equivalent W' with which engage corresponding
projections W³ upon a second shaft W¼, from which the power is imparted to the

page_text: est of the mechanism, conveniently through a chain W. This would be in effect
clutch to which a limited amount of adjustment is permitted. To infor.n the
driver when steam is up and he can start, I may, in addition to, or instead of the
usual pressure-gauge, employ an indicator such as represented diagrammatically
in Fig. 7, moving with the flame regulator.
In Fig. 7 I have shown the indicator X as connected by a link X' with the
upper of the two before-described parallel motion levers C", this indicator
comprising a sector or drum X2 pivotted at X³, and an opaque cover X having an
opening or wicket. X³ through which the different colours or indications on the
periphery of the sector X2 will be presented in turn according to the pressure.
within the boiler, so that at a glance it may be seen whether the pressure is up.
or not.
Various modifications may be made in the before described apparatus without
departing from the essential features of the invention, for example although I have
herein described the tubes A as being only slightly curved and approximately
vertical they may be in various other forms for instance they may be more or less
wavy or coiled or inclined, the word "vertical" employed in the claims in connection.
with these tubes being intended to include all such arrangements.
By the expression a closed circuit "hereinafter used in the claims I mean the
arrangement whereby the water is caused to circulate continuously through the
boiler motor and condenser being, in turn converted into steam employed for
operating the motor, re-converted into water and again introduced into the
boiler.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is ;-
1. In a motor driven vehicle maintaining the level of water in the small tubes.
of a steam boiler in a closed circuit by the employment of supplementary and,
relatively large body of water substantially as described.
2. In a steam generator for a motor driven vehicle the employment of a
supplemental drum or chamber at such a level and so connected to the boiler that
the level of the water may with safety normally be maintained below the upper-
ends of the tubes A substantially as described.
3. In a steam generator for a motor driven vehicle the combination with
a drum A and one or more tubes A2 and one or more sets of "vertical" tubes A-
connecting the drum and pipes of a supplemental drum such as A' in connection:
with and between the levels of the drum and pipes substantially as and for the
purpose described.
4. In a steam generator for a motor driven vehicle the combination with a.
drum A¹ and one or more pipes A² of three or more sets of tubes such as A.
connecting the drum and pipes each set being at a distance from the neighbouring
set so as to provide two or more combustion chambers substantially as described:
and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
5. In a steam generator for a motor driven vehicle the combination with a.
drum A two or more pipes A2 and a supplemental drum such as A³ connected with
the drum A' and pipes A2 of two or more sets of tubes such as A each set being
at a distance from the neighbouring set so as to provide one or more combustion
chambers substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
6. In a motor driven vehicle the employment of a furnace comprising two or
more connected wick-containing troughs such as C¹ separated by spaces through.
which air may pass to the flames substantially as described.
7. In a motor driven vehicle the employment in connection with a furnace such
as claimed in the last preceding claim of an oil reservoir in connection with
all the troughs substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.

page_text: 8. In a moter driven vehicle the combination with a furnace comprising two or
more separate wicks of a corresponding number of wick-adjusting devices capable
of both independent and combined operation substantially as described and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
9. In a motor driven vehicle the combination with a furnace comprising two or
more separate wicks and wick-adjusting spindles C* each spindle having a worm
wheel C³ of a corresponding number of worms one gearing with each of the
worm wheels and all mounted so that they may be rotated but not otherwise
moved independently of each other substantially as and for the purpose described.
10. In a motor driven vehicle the combination with a furnace comprising two or
more separate wicks of a corresponding number of sleeves such as C and means
for simultaneously adjusting the sleeves on the wick tubes substantially as and for
the purpose described.
11. In a motor driven vehicle in which oil is used as the heating agent for
generating steam ascertaining the quantity thereof or approximately the length of
time it will last or the distance the vehicle will travel before the oil is exhausted
by weighing substantially as described.
12. In a motor driven vehicle in which oil is used as the heating medium for
generating steam the combination with an oil reservoir of a weighing device for
indicating the contents thereof with or without at the same time indicating
approximately the length of time the oil will last or the distance the vehicle will
travel before the oil is exhausted.
13. In a motor driven vehicle in which oil is used as the heating medium for
generating steam the employment in combination with the oil reservoir which
supplies the furnace and normally rests on a rigid support of a spring balance and
hand lever or device so arranged that the weight of the reservoir may at will be
transferred from the rigid support to the spring balance substantially as and for the
purpose described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
14. In a motor driven vehicle in which oil or gas is used as the heating medium
for generating steam automatically adjusting the wicks or regulating or
extinguishing the flame by the pressure of the steam.
15. In a motor driven vehicle in which oil or gas is used as the heating medium
for generating steam the combination with the burner or burners of a device
comprising a loaded piston such as E' exposed to the pressure of steam within the
generator with or without a flexible diaphragm such as E' contiguous to the piston
substantially as and for the purpose described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
16. In a motor driven vehicle in which oil or gas is used as the heating medium
for generating steam the employment of an indicator which while not showing the
boiler pressure in lbs. per square inch will inform the driver that working pressure
is available.
17. In a motor driven vehicle the combination with the mechanism which
regulates the flame of an indicator to inform the driver when the working pressure
is available.
18. The combination with the steam generator of a motor driven vehicle of a
safety valve comprising a cylinder or casing such as H having an outlet Ha
loaded piston H' movable within the cylinder and exposed on one side to the
steam pressure, and a flexible diaphragm all substantially as and for the purpose
described.
19. The combination with a steam generator of a motor driven vehicle of a
safety valve such as claimed in the last preceding claim arranged to extinguish the
furnace when the steam pressure exceeds the limit of safety.
20. In a safety valve for a motor driven vehicle the employment of a
flexible diaphragm such as H¹ substantially as and for the purpose described.
21. In a power brake for a motor driven vehicle the employment in combination
with a cylinder and a piston movable within it of a flexible diaphragm such as J
substantially as and for the purpose described.

page_text: 22. In a power brake for a motor driven vehicle the combination with one or
more valves controlling the supply of steam to the motor and brake of means for
locking the valves in the position in which steam is fully off from the motor and
fully on to the brake substantially as described.
23. In a motor driven vehicle the employment of one valve operating device for
admitting steam to the motor for driving it either backwards or forwards and
for admitting steam to the brake operating mechanism substantially as described.
24. In a motor driven vehicle the combination with a condenser of a continuously
operated air jet to which water may be supplied at will so as when necessary to
deliver a spray of water on to the condenser substantially as described and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
25. In a motor driven vehicle the combination with a water-containing chamber
to which air under pressure is admitted of a jet or nozzle such as O2 connected to
the upper part of the chamber and a valve controlled pipe extending from the
lower part of the chamber to the jet substantially as and for the purpose described
and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
26. In a motor driven vehicle the combination with a pressure regulator such
as O² of a spray delivering apparatus such as claimed in the last preceding claim
so connected together that when the steam regulating valve is fully open the spray
delivering apparatus is automatically brought into operation substantially as
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
27. In a motor driven vehicle the employment of a lubricator having a series of
cylinders connected to the various parts to be lubricated a piston adjustable in each
cylinder and means for operating all the pistons either simultaneously from the
motor or for allowing them to be operated independently of each other
substantially as and for the purpose described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
28. In a motor driven vehicle the combination with a pressure regulator such
as E of an indicator X connected to it so as to indicate whether steam
substantially as described.
up or not
29. In a motor driven vehicle the combination in operative connection with a
pressure regulator such as E of an indicator comprising a pivotted sector or drum
such as X2 and a perforated shield such as X*X* substantially as and for the
purpose described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
22
30. In a motor driven vehicle the combination with the motor shaft and the
axle driven thereby of a connecting device known as a "Clement's drive
substantially as and for the purpose described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
31. The complete motor driven vehicle substantially as described and illustrated
In the accompanying drawings.
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.