IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL STONE
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Abiram Longbottom, of Hammersmith, in the County
of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF ARTIFICIAL STONE."
Sealed the 19th September 1862, and dated the 13th June 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Abram Longbottom at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th June 1862.
I, ABRAM LONGBOTTOM, of Hammersmith, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL STONE," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in a new combination of well-known substances for
the manufacture of artificial stone for cleaning, scouring, or household pur-
poses; it is composed of the following materials mixed in a plastic state, and
then moulded into any desirable shape for use:-
1st, about 60 per cent. (in bulk) of hydrated sulphate of lime, formula-
(CaO,. SO,+2HO,) ground to a fine powder, with which I mix,-
2nd, about 20 per cent. of powdered oxide of calcium (CaO), which I
prefer to be of the following composition, viz*.-
Carbonate of lime
Sulphate of lime
Phosphate of lime
Carbonate of magnesia
Alumina and oxide of iron
Cilian
-
-
94.56
00-32
-
00.33
"
02.32
01.18

page_text: And 4th, about 10 per cent. of the zeolite analcime, formula (2NaO, 3SiO,
+3AIOs, SiO3+6aq,) which in its natural state is soluble in acids with
the separation of gelatinous silica, but which, however, I prefer to use after
calcination and grinding; the composition therefore would be as follows:-
Hydrated sulphate of lime
-
60.00
1
To this mixture of dry material I add about 66 per cent. (by weight) of water,
or enough to make the mass into a semi-fluid state, in which state I fill it
into moulds or shapes made of metal, wood, or any other suitable material,
when I allow it to remain until it is set hard enough to use. The product is
a white stone, fit for all scouring purposes. When I require the stones to be
colored, I effect my desire by mixing or dissolving some of the metallic oxides
or any of the carthy pigments with the water before incorporation with the
composition, and by this means I can obtain any wished for color or fint.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions. of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Abram Longbottom in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 13th December 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM. THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ABRAM
LONGBOTTOM, of Hammersmith, in the County of Middlesex; send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord

page_text: One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Abram Longbottom, Her special licence that. I, the said Abram
Longbottom, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Abram Longbottom, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL STONE," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Abram Longbottom, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause, the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Abram Longbottom, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement in writing, that is to say:-
.
This Invention consists in a new combination of certain well-known sub-
stances for the manufacture of artificial stone for cleaning, scouring, or other
household purposes. It is composed as follows, that is to say:-For every
oue hundred parts of the compound I take sixty parts by weight of the ordinary
dehydrated sulphate of lime or gypsum. I may here remark that by an error
in the Provisional Specification which I filed with my Petition for Letters
Patent, it is stated that I use hydrated sulphate of lime, whereas it should
have been dehydrated sulphate of lime instead. To these sixty parts then of
dehydrated sulphate of lime I add twenty parts of oxide of calcium or caustic
lime, ten parts of steatite, and teu parts of zeolite; or, by preference, eight
parts of silica and two parts of hydrate of sodium. These substances are to
be intimately blended by trituration in any convenient apparatus. To this
mixture or compound I now add water in a sufficient quantity to form it into
a plastic or semi-fluid mass, suitable for moulding into any desired shape.
The moulded compound when dry forms a white or comparatively white arti-
ficial stone adapted for ordinary scouring or domestic uses.
As, however, it is one of the objects of my Invention to produce a hearth-
stone calculated to impart color to the surface over which it is applied, I

page_text: combine with the aforesaid mixture, préviously to its being moulded, any
suitable coloring matter or pigment, and thus I can produce or obtain any
desired color or tint.
Having now described the nature and object of my said- Invention for
"Improvements in the Manufacture of Artificial Stone," together with the
manner in which the same is to be or may be performed or carried into
practical effect, I would remark in conclusion, that although for the sake of
illustration I have above stated what I consider to be the best proportions of
the mixture or compound, yet I do not intend thereby to limit or confine
myself to such exact proportions, but I claim as my Invention the manufacture
of artificial stone for scouring and other household purposes by the combination
or admixture of the materials above specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Abram Longbottom, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of December, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
ABRAM LONGBOTTOM. (L.S.)