IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING CAST IRON AND OTHER METALS. AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Kinnaird York, of the Grange Town Iron
Works, Cardiff, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING CAST
IRON AND OTHER METALS. AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
Sealed the 9th February 1869, and dated the 13th August 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Kinnaird York
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 13th August 1868.
I, HENRY KINNAIRD YORK, of the Grange Town Iron Works, Cardiff,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TREATING CAST IRON AND OTHER METALS, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN;"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in treating cast iron
and other metals, and in apparatus employed therein. Steel is in some
cases at present manufactured by reducing cast iron to small particles:

page_text: by means of saw-like cutters, and then remelting the particles when
they are to some extent oxidised.
According to this Invention I reduce the metal by means of teeth
formed of short pieces of bar steel or iron, which are held at the end in
two discs mounted on an axis. The iron or metal to be reduced is
presented (usually when hot) to the teeth by introducing it between the
two discs in a radial direction; the metal is inserted into a guide trough,
and is pressed forward towards the centre of the discs, so as to cause
it to bear against the teeth by a plunger actuated by a hand lever, or
tongs may be used to carry the metal forward. In place of mounting
the teeth between two discs they may be carried by a single disc and
arranged radially or otherwise upon it. between two flanges, which
support their ends. The metal is in this case feed up to the teeth in a
direction at right angles to the plane of the disc. In some cases also I
employ teeth supported at one end only, and having the cutting edge at
the other end; these teeth are set in sockets formed in the periphery
of a drum, or it may be in the side of a disc; each tooth is set in
a separate socket, and the metal is fed up to the teeth as in the other
arrangements.
"
The apparatus which I prefer is, however, constructed as follows:-
The apparatus consists of two discs of iron, steel, or other metal about
4 feet or more in diameter, keyed on to a shaft about 4" or 5" apart, and
bolted. together by means of bolts and distance pieces. These two discs
are turned, and each is fitted with a ring of iron, steel, or other metal;
the rings are bolted on to the discs, and they contain triangular, square,
or oblong notches, into which are fitted cross bars of steel or iron of the
same section as the notches in the rings; these cross bars form the
cutting part of the saw, and are so fitted that they can easily be replaced
or changed when worn out or broken. The cross bars may be placed
either square with the disc or diagonally. The size of the cross bars or
teeth will be in proportion to the size of the wheel and the work to be
done, varying from 1" to 2", and they may be square, three-square, or
of any other convenient section. The shaft on which the wheel is
mounted is hung on two bearings, and is driven at a high velocity by
means of a strap or any other means of transmitting motion. I feed the
saw through an iron trough which fits in between the two discs, leaving
a clearance of about "between the end of the trough and the cross
"

page_text: teeth of the saw. The pig iron or other substance is placed in this
trough, and forced against the revolving teeth by means of a lever. In
the case of long bars, I sieze them with a powerful pair of tongs, and
force the end of the bar against the teeth of the wheel.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Kinnaird York in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 13th February 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
KINNAIRD YORK, of the Grange Town Iron Works, Cardiff, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Henry Kinnaird York, Her special
licence that I, the said Henry Kinnaird York, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry Kinnaird York,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, usė,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN TREATING CAST IRON AND OTHER METALS, AND IN APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREIN," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Henry Kinnaird York, my executors or administrators, by an'
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE that I the said Henry Kinnaird York. do hereby

page_text: is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in treating cast iron
and other metals, and in apparatus employed therein. Steel is in some
cases at present manufactured by reducing cast iron to small particles
by means of saw-like cutters, and then remelting the particles when
they are to some extent oxidized.
According to this Invention I reduce the metal by means of teeth
formed of short pieces of bar steel or iron, which are held at the ends in
two discs mounted on an axis. The iron or metal to be reduced is
presented (usually when hot) to the teeth by introducing it between the
two discs in a radial direction, the metal is inserted into a guide trough,
and is pressed forward towards the centre of the discs so as to cause it to
bear against the teeth by a plunger actuated by a hand lever, or tongs
may be used to carry the metal forward.
The apparatus which I prefer is constructed as follows:-The appa-
ratus consists of two discs of iron, steel, or other metal, about 4 feet or
more in diameter, keyed on to a shaft about 4" or 5" apart, and bolted
together by means of bolts and distance pieces. These two discs are
turned, and each is fitted with a ring of iron, steel, or other metal, the
rings are bolted on to the discs, and they contain triangular, square, or
oblong notches, into which are fitted cross bars of steel or iron of the
same section as the notches in the rings; these cross bars form the
cutting part of the saw, and are so fitted that they can easily be replaced
or changed when worn out or broken. The cross bars may be placed
either square with the disc or diagonally. The size of the cross bars or
teeth will be in proportion to the size of the wheel and the work to be
done, varying from 1" to 2", and they may be square, three square, or
any other convenient section. The shaft on which the wheel is mounted
is hung on two bearings, and is driven at a high velocity by means of a
strap or any other means of transmitting motion. I feed the saw through
an iron trough, which fits in between the two discs, leaving a clearance
of about "between the end of the trough and the cross teeth of the saw.
The pig iron or other substance is placed in this trough, and forced
against the revolving teeth by means of a lever. In the case of long
bars I seize them with a powerful pair of tongs, and force the end of
the bar against the teeth of the wheel.

page_text: Figure 1 shows a sectional elevation, and Figure 2 a cross section of
apparatus thus arranged:-The wheel is composed of the two discs B, B,
keyed to the shaft A, and bolted together by the bolts G, G, with dis-
tance pieces between them; C, C, are two cast-iron rings bolted to the
above-mentioned discs B, B, into which are fitted segments of iron or
steel D, D, (as these segments are all of the same size any one may be
taken out in case of breakage or on being worn out). Each segment is
bolted to the ring C by three wrought-iron bolts; E, E, are the steel
cutters fitted in the segments D, D; they are formed by cutting off
lengths from a bar of steel of suitable section. Should any of the cutters
break or wear, the rings C, C, may be unscrewed and allowed to rest on
the lugs F, F, and the cutters can then be drawn out and new ones
inserted; H is a cast-iron trough to receive the red hot metal. It is
seen in end view at Figure 3; and K, K, is a lever and handle for
forcing the metal against the teeth or cutters of the wheel as it revolves
at high velocity; L is a cast-iron bed plate, on which rest the plummer
blocks supporting the wheel; M, the pit below the wheel, lined with
cast iron; N is a guard of sheet iron placed over the wheel.
In place of mounting the teeth between two discs they may as is
shown at Figures 4 and 5 be carried by a single disc, and arranged
radially or otherwise upon it between two flanges, which support their
ends. The metal is in this case fed up to the teeth in a direction at
right angles to the plane of the disc.
In some cases also I employ teeth supported at one end only, and
having the cutting edge at the other end, as is shown at Figures 6
and 7; these teeth are set in sockets formed in the periphery of a drum,
or it may be in the side of a disc. Each tooth is set in a separate socket,
and the metal is fed up to the teeth as in the other arrangements.
Figures 8 and 9 are diagram views of the arrangement shown more
fully in Figures 1 and 2.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner of performing the same, I would have it understood that what
I claim is, the improvements in treating cast iron and other metals by
reducing the metal to small particles by means of teeth formed of bar
steel or iron set in discs, which are caused to revolve rapidly, substantially
as herein described.

page_text: I also claim the constructing apparatus for treating cast iron and
other metals to reduce it to small particles, substantially as herein
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Kinnaird York, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of February, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
nine.