Improvements in Apparatus for Raising or Forcing Liquids and for other purposes in which Compressed Air or Gas is required.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 10th July, 1890
Complete Specification Left, 10th Apr., 1891-Accepted, 16th May, 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Raising or Forcing Liquids and for
other purposes in which Compressed Air or Gas is required.
I, ARCHIBALD BRUCE, of 67 Cathedral Street Glasgow, Lanarkshire, Plumber,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:
This invention relates to that class of raising or forcing engines wherein a double
cylinder, one for air or gas and the other for water or other liquid or fluid is
employed and it is a further development of my prior Patents for this class of
engine.
In carrying out my present invention I attach the two cylinders together or the
cylinders may be made in one piece. One of the cylinders, preferably the upper
one if the cylinders are placed vertically, is the fluid pressure cylinder,-the'Huid
pressure in this invention may be either water from a tank reservoir or the main, or
be steam or gas, and the other one the air or gas cylinder. A single piston rod
passes right through both the cylinders two pistons being fitted to said piston rod,
one piston working in each cylinder. There exists a division between the cylinders
the piston rod working tight through a stuffing gland in said division. The piston
rod may also pass through a stuffing box at one end of the fluid pressure cylinder.
Fluid pressure
The opposite end of the other cylinder may be closed by a cover.
may be admitted to and exhausted from the fluid pressure cylinder through a
spindle valve which is enclosed in a valve box or casing attached to the side of said
fluid pressure cylinder. The valve casing has preferably five ways or openings in
it preferably three on one side and two, the exhaust and supply ways to and from
the top and bottom sides of the piston, on the other. The centre one of the three
ways on the one side is the fluid pressure supply way and the other two are exhaust
ways from the valve. Working in the valve casing is a spindle which has
preferably four valves on it, although three or other suitable number may be used.
These valves are preferably so arranged relatively with their seats that when the
upper one, which may be at the end of the spindle is open, the second one is closed,
the third one is open and the fourth one is closed. The two end valves are alter-
nately exhaust and stop valves and the centre ones alternately supply and stop
valves. The valves may be ground metal ones having a rubber washer attached to
then which closes on an edge or rim on the valve seat and so ensures a tight fit.
The valve may be operated from the piston rod of the cylinders which may have
two checks or stops on it. These checks or stops, which may be adjustable, as the
piston rod moves, alternately catch on a fork which is attached to the lower end of
and actuate a tumbling lever. The tumbling lever, as it moves, strikes alternately
one or other side of a fork attached or fitted to or in connection with the lower end
of the valve spindle. The lower end of the spindle is screwed and works in an
internally screw threaded ball collar or nut held rigidly in position, so that at every
movement of the spindle it is screwed either up or down so opening and closing the
valves.
. Instead of using a spindle valve as hereinbefore described, a slide valve enclosed
in a box or casing attached to the fluid pressure cylinder may be used. The fluid
pressure is admitted from the source of supply to the back of the valve and on the
valve being moved, which may be done by suitable lever connections from any
moving part of the engine actuating the slide valve spindle, it uncovers, when
-moved in one direction, the supply port to, say, the top of the piston at the same
time opening communication between the port communicating with the lower side
of the piston and the exhaust, When the valve travels to the other end of its

page_text: stroke the action is reversed, the fluid exhausting from the top of the piston and
being supplied to the bottom.
Air or gas inlet and outlet valves are provided at the top and bottom of the air
or gas cylinder. The air inlet and outlet valves are preferably fitted to one another
in pairs, one pair at top and the other pair at the bottom. The valves are so
arranged that on every stroke of the piston in the air or gas cylinder, the piston
being actuated from the fluid pressure cylinder, either the air inlet valve is closed
and the air outlet valve is open or the air inlet valve is open and the outlet closed.
The pair of valves at the bottom have the same action but in an opposite way, that
is to say, when the inlet valve at top is closed the inlet valve at bottom is open and
vice versa, so also with the outlet valves.
If desirable a rotary or other suitable valve arrangement may be used instead of
the spindle or slide valve. The air or gas pumped or forced from the engine may
be collected in accumulators and from thence distributed for forcing beer, or for
ventilating halls or rooms or for mechanical purposes. In the case of a ventilating
arrangement an air jet may be used for driving a small exhaust fan.
The engine may be used for blowing organs or for other analogous purposes.
Dated this 9th day of July 1890.
H. D. FITZPATRICK,
70, Wellington Street, Glasgow, Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Raising or Forcing Liquids and for
other purposes in which Compressed Air or Gas is required.
I, ARCHIBALD BRUCE of 67 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, Lanarkshire, Plumber,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention relates to that class of raising or forcing engines wherein a double
cylinder, one for air or gas and the other for water or other liquid or fluid, is
employed and it is a further development of my prior Patents for this class of
engine.
In carrying out my present invention I attach the two cylinders together or the
cylinders may be made in one piece. One of the cylinders, preferably the under
one if the cylinders are placed vertically, is the fluid pressure cylinder (the fluid
pressure in this invention may be either water from a tank, reservoir, or the main,
or be steam or gas), and the other one, the air or gas cylinder. A single piston rod
passes right through both the cylinders two pistons being fitted to said piston rod,
one piston working in each cylinder. There exists a division between the cylinders
the piston rod working tight through a stuffing gland in said division. The piston
rod may also pass through a stuffing box at one end of the fluid pressure cylinder.
The opposite end of the other cylinder may be closed by a cover.
Fluid pressure
may be admitted to and exhausted from the fluid pressure cylinder through a spindle
valve which is enclosed in a valve box or casing attached to the side of said fluid
pressure cylinder. The valve casing has preferably five ways or openings in it,
preferably three on one side and two, the exhaust and supply ways to and from the
top and bottom sides of the piston, on the other. The centre one of the three
ways on the one side is or may be the fluid pressure supply way and the other two
are or may be exhaust ways from the valve. Working in the valve casing is a
spindle which has, preferably, four valves on it, although three or other suitable
number may be used. These valves are preferably so arranged relatively with
their seats that when the upper one, which may be at the end of the spindle, is open,
the second one is closed, the third one is open and the fourth one is closed. The
two end valves are alternately exhaust and stop valves and the centre ones alter-
nately supply and stop valves. The valves may be ground metal ones having a

page_text: rubber washer attached to them which closes on an edge or rim on the valve seat
and so ensures a tight fit. The valves may be operated from the piston rod of the
cylinders which rod may have two checks or stops on it. These checks or stops,
which may be adjustable, as the piston rod moves alternately catch on a fork which
is attached to the lower end of and actuates a tumbling lever. The tumbling lever,
as it moves, strikes alternately one or other side of a fork attached or fitted to or
in connection with the lower end of the valve spindle. The lower end of the
spindle is screwed and works in an internally screw threaded ball, collar, or nut,
held rigidly in position, so that, at every movement of the spindle, it is screwed
either up or down so opening and closing the valves.
Instead of using a spindle valve as hereinbefore described, a slide valve enclosed
in a box or casing attached to the fluid pressure cylinder may be used. The fluid
pressure is admitted from the source of supply to the back of the valve and on the
valve being moved which may be done by suitable lever connections from any
moving part of the engine actuating the slide valve spindle, it uncovers, when moved
in one direction, the supply port to, say, the top of the piston at the same time
opening communication between the port communicating with the lower side of the
piston and the exhaust. When the valve travels to the other end of its stroke the
action is reversed, the fluid exhausting from the top of the piston and being supplied
to the bottom.
Air or gas inlet and outlet valves are provided at the top and bottom of the air
or gas cylinder. The air inlet and outlet valves are preferably fitted to one
another in pairs, one pair at top and the other pair at the bottom. The valves are
so arranged that on every stroke of the piston in the air or gas cylinder, the piston
being actuated from the fluid pressure cylinder, either the air inlet valve is closed
and the air outlet valve is opened or the air inlet valve is opened and the outlet
closed. The pair of valves at the bottom have the same action but in an opposite
way, that is to say, when the inlet valve at top is closed the inlet valve at bottom
is opened and vice versa, so also with the outlet valves.
If desirable a rotary or other suitable valve arrangement may be used instead of
the spindle or slide valve.
The air or gas pumped or forced from the engine may be collected in accumu-
lators and from thence distributed for forcing beer, or for ventilating halls or rooms
or for mechanical purposes. In the case of a ventilating arrangement an air jet
may be used for driving a small exhaust fan.
The engine may be used for blowing organs or for other analogous purposes.
And in order that my said invention may be properly understood I have hereunto
appended an explanatory sheet of drawings whereon:-
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of my invention.
Fig. 2 is a side elevation.
Fig. 3 is a vertical section.
Figs 4, 5 and 6 are detail views'
Fig. 7 shows in section a slide valve arrangement.
Referring to the drawings whereon the same reference letters indicate similar or
like parts,
a is the air or gas cylinder.
valve casing, d is the piston rod
cylinder ah is a stuffing gland
the water or other fluid pressure cylinder. c is the
having two pistons e, f thereon; 9 is the cover of
fitted in the top of the cylinder and through
Fig. 7 shows in section a slide valve arrangement.
Referring to the drawings whereon the same reference letters indicate similar or
like parts,
a is the air or gas cylinder. the water or other fluid pressure cylinder. c is the
valve casing, d is the piston rod having two pistons e, f thereon; y is the cover of
cylinder a is a stuffing gland fitted in the top of the cylinder 6 and through
which the piston rod d works tight; i is a stuffing box at the lower end of cylinder b
and through which also the piston rod d works tight; j, j', are rubber rings passing
round the pistons e, f, and serving as packing; k, k', are air or gas inlets and outlets
to and from the cylinder a; 1, 11, 12, 13 are the double valve arrangements similar in
construction and action to those described under my prior Patent No. 18337 fitted
on the branches k, k¹. m is a pipe connection between the valves 12 and leading
by the branch m² the forced or pressure air or gas to the barrels, if the apparatus
is a beer raising engine, or to wherever required. n are snugs for bolting, nailing,

page_text: or screwing the cylinders in position. c', care ways leading from the valve
casing to the cylinder b. are jointing webs bolted together so that the valve
casing can be easily taken apart from the cylinder for inspection or repair. o is
the valve spindle having disc valves o', 02, 03, 04 upon it, these valves are preferably
ground metal ones with rubber faces. p', 12, 1³, are the valve seats having cach
is
a knife-edge rim against which the rubber face of each valve closes tightly. 7
the water or other fluid supply inlet to the casing and g¹² the exhaust outlets.
If water is the fluid pressure used it may come from the main by the pipe 7³ as
indicated at Fig. 1 or it may come from a cistern as indicated in dotted lines at q
1,
are collar stops held adjustably on the piston rod d by the pinching screws.
e is a bracket screwed, nailed, or otherwise secured to the wall or the like it carries
on its outer end a ball s¹ (see Figs. 4 and 6), the ball or collar s is hollow and
screwed internally with a quick screw (Fig. 6) having such a pitch that a partial
turn of the screwed lower end of the spindle o, will raise or lower said spindle-the
ball being rigid-sufficiently to open or close the valves. The screwed lower end
of the spindle o, is indicated in dotted lines at Fig. 2. The bottom of the spindle o,
has attached to it a collar t, with two arms t' t, which project out from it (see plan
view Fig. 4). 18 are rubber cushions on the arms. u is a bracket fitted below the
brackets, on its outer end is loosely fitted a collar ', having on it a spindle or
arm u² carrying a tumbling weight and it has also a fork u which grasps. both.
sides of the lower end of the piston rod d. and catches against one or other of the
stops, (see plan view Fig. 5).
The modus operandi of the apparatus is as follows:-
The upward and downward movement of the piston fand the piston rod d, with
the stops r,, on it alternately raises and lowers the fork and consequently
turns over or reciprocates the tumbling lever u² and weight u³. When the piston
.reaches near the top or bottom of its stroke the weight is so arranged relatively
with the movements of the piston that it, at these times, has been tilted over so
much that it overbalances and falls against or strikes one or other of the arms t¹, t,
according as the piston is at the upward or downward stroke. This striking of the
arms causes the arms to move sideways and give the spindle o, a quick turn so
screwing it up or down and opening or closing the valves.
When the piston fis at the upstroke the water or other fluid passes from the
inlet, through the valve o³, which is open, at this time and thence through the
channel, to the underside of the piston. At the same time the exhaust water
from the upper side of the piston passes away by the channel c', and valve o', which
is open and from thence to the exhaust q. At these times the valves o³, o*, are
closed. When the piston reaches the end of its stroke, the tumbling lever ', is
thrown over as before described and the spindle o, is screwed up. thus closing the
valves o¹, o, and opening the valves o², o. The live water or other fluid will now
pass from the inlet y, through the valve o³, and channel c', to the upper side of the
piston whilst the spent water passes away by the channel, and the valve o', to the
exhaust ².
At each upstroke of the piston f, the piston e, on the same rod d, also makes an
upstroke in the air or gas cylinder a; likewise at each downstroke of piston f, the
piston e, also makes, synchronously, a downward stroke. At each up, stroke of the
piston e, air, or gas if the valves 1, 18, are connected to a gas supply, is drawn, in by
the valve, and discharged by the valve 1, to, the barrels or, other required-place or
to an accumulator and at each downstroke of the piston e, air or gas, as the case
may be, is drawn in by the valve , and discharged by the valve l².
Fig. 7, shows a form of slide valve which may be used in lieu of the spindle valve.
The construction is similar to that of an ordinary engine.. w, is the valve, c, the
casing and c¹, c, c, the ports.
The valve may be operated similarly, to the spindle valve, but as the slide valve
cannot be turned round the lower end of its spindle may fit loosely into a socket
piece o which has a screw thread on it and is, turned as before. With this arrange-

page_text: ment although the socket turns the spindle does not turn but is merely raised up or
pulled down. The top of the socket may be in the form of a cup and ball joint as
shown at x.
On the drawings the two cylinders a, b are secured removably together by studs
or they may be bolted together. If desired however they may be cast in one piece
and so may the brackets s, u, be cast in one piece with the valve casing
C.
Instead of admitting the live fluid to the inlet q, it may be admitted to the
exhausts q', 9, and the inlet q, be used as the exhaust.
When the air or gas from the cylinder a is collected in an accumulator the accu-
mulator may be of any well known construction.
The exhaust water may be made to pass up from the casing c by the pipe w',
shown dotted, to a cistern or reservoir above the engine and from thence the water
may be afterwards distributed to any part of the house. The waste of water is thus
obviated.
Having now particularly described & ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. An apparatus for raising or forcing liquids and for other purposes constructed
and operating substantially as hereinbefore set forth.
2. The hereinbefore described spindle valve arrangement, substantially as herein-
before set forth.
3. The combination with the piston rod d, of the stops r, r', fork u¹ and tumbling
lever u², or any modification of these, substantially as hereinbefore set forth.
4. The combination of the spindle screwed at its lower end, projecting arms t¹, t³,
and non-revolutionary screwed-ball or collar s', or any modification of these, sub-
stantially as hereinbefore set forth.
Dated this 9th day of April 1891.
H. D. FITZPATRICK,
70, Wellington Street, Glasgow, Agent.