CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN REDUCING THE FRICTION OF AXLES AND AXLETREES OF CARRIAGES ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1856

page_text: Бери
лешан,
of Paris, in the French Empire, for the Invention of CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN REDUCING THE FRICTION OF AXLES AND AXLETREES OF CARRIAGES ON
RAILWAYS."
Sealed the 30th December 1856, and dated the 18th October 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Leon Joseph Pomme, de
Mirimonde at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 18th October 1856.
1
I, LEON JOSEPH POMME DE MIRIMONDE, Gentleman, of Paris, in the French
Empire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for." CERTAIN;
IMPROVEMENTS IN REDUCING THE FRICTION OF AXLES AND AXLETREES OF CARRIAGES
ON RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in mounting saddlewise in axle boxes two friction,
rollers,' which are shaped to correspond with the journal of the axle, and ‚in,
a method of lubricating the axes of the rollers and the journal itself. Bearings
are provided in the axle boxes for the axes of the two saddle friction, rollers,
which rollers take the bearing of the journal of the axle, and thus I substitute
rolling for sliding friction. To each side of the journal I affix a ring, to which,
is connected a band or covering of some suitable flexible material;; this
material dips in an oil reservoir in the bottom of the axle box, and being..
carried round with the axle, keeps up a continuous lubrication to the axes' of,
the friction rollers and to the journal of the axle.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Leon Joseph Pomme de Mirimonde in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 9th January 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, LEON
JOSEPH POMME DE MIRIMONDE, Gentleman, of Paris, in the French Empire,
send greeting;
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Leon Joseph Pomme de Mirimonde, Her special licence that I, the
said Leon Joseph Pomme de Mirimonde, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Leon Joseph Pomme de Mirimonde,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should.at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,. the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
REDUCING THE FRICTION OF AXLES AND AXLETREES OF CARRIAGES ON RAILWAYS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Leon Joseph Pomme
de Mirimonde, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in.writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Leon Joseph Pomme de Mirimonde,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being liad to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, that is to say:-
r
My Invention consists in mounting saddlewise in axle boxes two friction
rollers, which are shaped to correspond with the journal of the axle, and in a
method of lubricating the axes of the rollers and the journal itself... Bearings
are provided in the axle boxes' for the axes of the two saddle friction rollers,
which rollers take the bearing of the journal of the axle, and thus I substitute
rolling for sliding friction.
:
To each side of the journal I affix a ring, to which is connected a band or

page_text: covering of some suitable flexible material; this material dips in an oil reser-
voir in the bottom of the axle box, and being carried round with the axle,
keeps up a continuous lubrication to the axes of the friction rollers and to the
journal of the axle.
In the annexed Drawings I have shewn the manner in which my Invention
is carried into effect. Figure 1 is a front elevation, Figure 2 a cross section,
and Figure 3 a longitudinal section, of an axle box with my arrangements for
reducing the friction of the axles. The axle box is composed of two parts; an
upper part b, and a lower part c; in the upper part are fixed bearings d, d, for
the axes e, e, of two friction rollers, and these axes form the same piece with
the rollers. f is the journal of the axle g; a, a, are shaps through which the
plates of the ordinary carriage, springs pass. The lower part of the axle box c
forms an oil reservoir; the oil is introduced through the lip h, closed by a spring
cover i. The lubrication of the axes of the friction rollers is constantly kept
up by means of two annular bands j, j, formed of some flexible material, as
wool, felt, flannel, &c. These bands j,j, are fixed to the axle by means of, two
rings 7, 1, and hoops m, m, and are carried round with it, entering continually
in the oil in the reservoir; one of the rings is shewn detached at Figures 4
and 5. Each ring is formed in two pieces, as shewn at Figure 4 and is fixed
on to tlie axle at each end of the journal thercof, as seen at Figure 3. A metal
hoop m is placed over and forms a ferrule or collar to each ring, and to this
hoop the flexible band is screwed, or otherwise attached. Although I prefer
the method of lubrication just described, it may be varied, as follows:-
First, a space might be provided in the upper part of the box and fed-with oil
through a lip or funnel, the oil allowed to penetrate through longitudinal perfora-
tions made in the interior of the axes of each friction roller; the oil introduced
into the perforations, which commence at the end of each axis, would escape
through a forked or lateral orifice to supply or lubricate the surfaces in contact
between the friction rollers and the journal. The independant axes penetrate
through the friction rollers.
Second; a wick might be placed in the space containing oil, as last men-
tioned, in the upper part of the box, the lower end of which would rest upon
or over an orifice made in the centre of the axis of each friction roller, the
oil from the wick would find its way to the surfaces in contact through side
forked openings, as above mentioned. Or,
Third, the upper oil space might be dispensed with, and a space provided
in the under part of the box, while, in the circumference of or round the
friction rollers radial openings might be formed in such manner, that the
rollers, rubbed continuously by an endless belt-rotating in oil in the oil space,

page_text: would receive the oil at top, which would run out between the contact surfaces
of the rollers and journal. Or,
Fourth, the rollers with radial opening and the journal may be surrounded
with a permeable fabric supplied with oil, by continuous contact with a piece
of felt or other like. agent resting at..bottom in oil in the oil space; capillary
action brings up the oil and impregnates the permeable 'fabric between the
felt, the friction rollers, and the journal. Or,
1. Fifth, a pad may be placed in the oil space and against the under part of
the journal; the pad would become impregnated with oil by capillary action, and
pressing against the journal would oil it, and the journal in its turn would
lubricate the two friction rollers.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in. what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,-
First, the reducing of the friction of axles and axletrees of carriages on
railways, by causing the journals thereof to be borne by and revolve in contact
with two friction rollers, whether the same be lubricated in the manner herein-
before described or otherwise.
Second, I claim the particular method herein-before described, and repre-
sented in the Drawings hereunto annexed; of lubricating the journals. and
friction' rollers of axles in order to reduce the friction thereof. I claim. also
the herein-before described variations: >
ܐ܂
In witness whereof, I, the said Leon Joseph Pomme de Mirimonde,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of December,
in th
the year of our Lord One' thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
L. J. POMME DE MIRIMONDE. (L.S.)
Witness,
L. J. POMME DE MIRIMONDE. (L.S.)
CH. ARMENGAUD, Ing Civil,
Boulevard de Strasbourg, No. 23,
á Paris.

page_text: In the Matter of a Patent granted to LEON JOSEPH POMME DE
MIRIMONDE, Gentleman, of Paris, in the French Empire, on the
Eighteenth day of October, One thousand eight hundred and
fifty-six, for his Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN REDUCING
THE FRICTION OF AXLES AND AXLETREES OF CARRIAGES ON RAILWAYS."
DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION proposed to be
entered by the said Leon Joseph Pomme de Mirimonde at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents for Inventions, pursuant to an Act'passed
in the 5th and 6th years of the reign of His late Majesty King William
the Fourth, entitled "An Act to amend the Law touching Letters Patent
for Inventions," and also to an Act passed in the 15th and 16th years of
the reign of Her present Majesty Queen Victoria, intituled "An Act for
amending the Laws for granting Patents for Inventions."
WHEREAS since the date of the said Letters Patent, and of the filing of
the Final Specification thereof, I have been advised that the words "be borne
by" contained in the first claim in the said Specification, may bear a meaning
and construction different from what was intended, and I am therefore desirous
of disclaiming the said words, and I am also desirous of inserting the words
mounted saddlewise, as bérein-before described and represented in Figures
1, 2, and 3 of the accompanying Drawings," into the said claim, in order to
prevent the same being construed as extending to applications of friction
ollers to axletrees not described in the said Specification.
NOW THEREFORE, I, the said Leon. Joseph Pomme de Mirimonde, do
ereby disclaim the said words "be borne by," and the following word "and,"

page_text: 65
"described and represented in Figures 1, 2,. and 3 of the accompanying
Drawings," into the first claim of the said Specification, so that the said Speci-
fication, when altered by my Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration, shall
be in the words, letters, and figures following, that is to say:-
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, LEON JOSEPHI
POMME DE MIRIMONDE, Gentleman, of Paris, in the French Empire, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by. Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Leon Joseph Pomme de Mirimonde, Her special licence that
I, the said Leon Joseph Pomme de Mirimonde, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Leon Joseph Pomme
de. Mirimonde,: my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and, Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN REDUCING THE FRICTION OF AXLES AND AXLETREES OF
CARRIAGES ON RAILWAYS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Leon Joseph, Pomme de Mirimonde, .my executors.or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one.. of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the.Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent..
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Leon Joseph Pomme de Mirimonde,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, that is to say :-
.
My Invention consists in mounting saddlewise in axle boxes, two friction
rollers which are shaped to correspond with the journal of the axle, and in a
method of lubricating. the axes of the rollers and the journal itself. Bearings
are provided in the axle boxes for the axes of the two saddle friction rollers,
which rollers take the bearing of the journal of the axle, and thus I substitute
rolling.for sliding friction.....

page_text: To each side of the journal I affix a ring, to which is connected a band 'or
covering of some suitable flexible material; this material dips in an oil
reservoir in the bottom of the axle-box, and being carried round with the axle
keeps up a continuous lubrication to the axes of the friction rollers and to the
journal of the axle...
In the annexed Drawings I have shewn the manner in which my Invention
is carried into effect.
Figure 1-is a front elevation, Figure 2 a cross section, and Figure 3 a
longitudinal section; of an axle-box with my arrangements for reducing the
friction. of the axles. The axle-box is composed of two parts, an upper part b
and a lower part c; in the upper part are fixed bearings d; d, for the axes e, e,
of two friction rollers, and these axes form the same piece with the rollers;
f is the journal of the axle g; a, a, are straps, through which the plates of the
ordinary carriage springs pass. The lower part of the axle-box c'forms an oil
reservoir; the oil is introduced, though the lip h closed by a spring cover i.
The lubrication of the axes of the friction rollers is constantly kept up by
means of two annular. bands j,j, formed of some flexible material, as wool,
felt, flannel, &c. These bands j, j, are fixed to the axle by means of two rings
1, 1, and hoops m, m, and are carried round with it, entering continually in' the
oil in the reservoir; one of the rings is shewn detached at Figures 4 and 5.
Each ring is formed in two pieces, as shewn at Figure 4, and is fixed on to
the axle at each end of the journal thereof, as shewn at Figure 3. A metal
hoop m is placed over and forms a ferrule or collar to each ring, and to this
hoop the flexible band is screwed or otherwise attached.
Although I prefer the method of lubrication just described, it may be varied
as follows:-First, a space might be provided in the upper part of the box,
and fed with oil through a lip or funnel, the oil allowed to penetrate through
longitudinal perforations made in the interior of the axes of each friction
roller; the oil introduced into the perforations, which commence at the end of
each axis, would escape through a forked or lateral orifice to supply or
lubricate the surfaces in contact between the friction rollers and the journal.
The independent axes penetrate though the friction rollers. Second, a wick
might be placed in the space containing oil, as last mentioned, in the upper
part of the box, the lower end of which would rest upon or over an orifice
made in the centre of the axis of each friction roller; the oil from the wick
would find its way to the surfaces in contact through side forked openings, as
above mentioned. Or, third, the upper oil space might be dispensed with, and
a space provided in the upper part of the box, while in the circumference of or
round the friction rollers radial openings might be formed in such manner

page_text: that the rollers rubbed continuously by an endless belt rotating in oil in the
oil space would receive the oil at top, which would run out between the
contact surfaces of the rollers and journal. Or, fourth, the rollers with radial
opening, and the journal may be surrounded with a permeable fabric supplied
with oil by a continuous contact with a piece of felt or other like agent resting
at bottom, in oil in the oil space; capillary action brings up the oil and
impregnates the permeable fabric between the felt, the friction' rollers, and the
journal. Or, fifth, a pad may be placed in the oil space, and against the under
part of the journal, the pad would become impregnated with oil by capillary
action, and pressing against the journal would oil it, and the journal in its
turn would lubricate the two friction rollers.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,
First, the reducing of the friction of axles and axletrees of carriages on
railways by causing the journals thereof to be-borne-by and revolve in contact
with two friction rollers, "mounted saddlewise, as herein-before described and
." represented in Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the accompanying Drawings," whether
the same be lubricated in the manner herein-before described; or otherwise.
Second, I claim the particular method herein-before described and repre-
.sented in the Drawings hereunto annexed, of lubricating the journals and
friction rollers of axles, in order to reduce the friction thereof.
I claim also the herein-before described variations.
In witness whereof, I,' the said Leon Joseph Pomme de Mirimonde,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of
February, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and