IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR FILTERING WATER
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Philip Middleton Justice, of 14, Southampton Buildings,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for an Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR FILTERING WATER." A
communication from abroad by John Wesley Hyatt, of the City of Newark,
State of New Jersey, United Stato of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Philip Middleton Justice
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st Juno 1881.
PHILIP MIDDLETON JUSTICE, of 14, Southampton Buildings, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS
FOR FILTERING WATER." A communication from abroad by John Wesley Hyatt,
of the City of Newark, State of New Jersey, United States of America.
The Invention has relation to the filtration of water, and consists in certain
processes and apparatus for effecting the desired object. It is well known that by
employment of filter beds in reduced or granular form it is practicable to remove
the silt and other impurities of a similar nature; but it has been found that beds
of this nature soon become impregnated with the obnoxious elements which
renders them valueless until effectually cleaned.
As a consequence the proper washing or cleaning of the beds is a matter of
cardinal importance upon which their efficiency and practical value absolutely
depend. It has been customary heretofore when large quantities of water have
been filtered to provide extended surfaces of granular material which have been
cleansed by different expedients that have involved much expense as well as great
loss of time. By means of my Invention I am enabled to obviate as I believe all
the difficulties which have arisen in connection with the cleaning or purification of
filtering beds of granular material, besides being able to overcome other difficulties
of a serious character which have heretofore been experienced. The distinctive
novelty of my Invention may be said to consist chiefly in the employment of
certain means for agitating the granular material whereby the silt and other
impurities of an analogous nature are separated from the filtering material, and
being of inferior specific gravity having been permitted to rise, are removed by

page_text: means of a current of water or otherwise according to the conditions of the case.
The principle is applied in connection with apparatus of novel constructions, by
means of which I am enabled to obtain what is tantamount to an extended surface
in a very limited space. The details of construction and operation of my Invention
are fully set forth hereinafter. I desire it to be understood that while I describe
and point out different means of accomplishing the separation of the silt and other
impurities and the granular material, the means may be varied according to
circumstances as may be expedient. The different forms of apparatus will be
made use of according to the amount of water which it is desired to filter, and
the other conditions of the caso in ways that will be understood without specific
explanations by persons having a knowledge of the art to which the Invention has
relation. The first part of my Invention relates to an improved process as well
as to the apparatus by means of which the process is carried out. The novelty of
the process consists in the employment of jets of water for the purpose of
agitating the bed of sand or other suitable granular material which forms the
upper part of the filter bed; by this means the silt and other impurities which
collect upon the filter bed may be loosened from the granular material, and being
of less specific gravity rise above the filter bed and are removed preferably by a
natural current of water, in which when practicable the apparatus will be
immersed. The novelty of the apparatus consists in providing a hollow horizontal
arm the ends of which are closed, which is constructed with apertures upon the
lower side and arranged to travel immediately above the layer of sand that forms
the upper part of the filter bed. The arm is centrally connected to turn on a pipe
through which water may be forced into it and through the apertures upon its
lower side. The arm is also provided with an aperture at one end or with two
apertures, one near each end on opposite sides and in the samo horizontal plane,
which serve to rotate the arm when the water is forced into it. When the arm is
nctuated, the numerous jets of water are moved over the bed of sand, agitating it in
the most effectual manner, separating the silt and permitting its removal.
According to one form of my Invention a square shaped receptacle is immersed in
the bed of the river. The receptacle will be open at the top so that it may be
always full of water, and as a precaution it may be covered with a wire screen to
protect it from freshets, but it will not be necessary to use the screen in all cases.
I regard this screen however as an important feature, and have found it
exceptionally effective in preventing any undue disturbance of the upper surface of
the filter bed even when the stream has been greatly swollen. Below the
receptacle is a pipe by means of which the filtered water is conveyed through the
city. Upon a level with the upper edge of this pipe the receptacle is supplied
with a perforated floor or platform of any suitable material, which will preferably
be covered with galvanised iron wire cloth, say, number eighteen ; or in lieu of this
the perforations in the floor may be connected by grooves, the purpose of the wire
cloth being to so distribute the water that all of the perforations will be supplied
as nearly simultaneously as possible. Over the platform, separated therefrom by a
small space, and properly supported is a covering of fine brass wire cloth of about,
say, sixteen hundred meshes to the square inch, which in addition to its
functions as part of the filter bed, serves to limit the action of the jets of
water. Along the longitudinal centre of the wire cloth is placed a strip of
galvanized iron, and an appropriate stop is supplied whereby a revolving
pipe or washer is caused to rest above the strip. Upon the wire cloth
and strip is placed a layer of bench sand of from about, say, three to six inches in
thickness, which completes the filtering bed. It is obvious that the water in the
receptacle will percolate through the sand, the wire cloth, and perforated floor, and
be cleansed thereby, after which it will fall into the pipe or main and be conveyed
away. For the purpose of freeing the filtering bed of silt and other matter that
settles upon and penetrates it, I have constructed and applied a revolving washer
which consists of horizontal perforated revolving pipes or arms connected with the
washer supply pipe, and arranged to turn thereon. Said pipe is connected with a

page_text: supply or pump whence it extends to a point centrally below the receptacle, and is
thenco carried upward through the floor, wire cloth, and sand, and is capped upon
its upper end. Applied to turn upon the top of said pipe is a hollow hub provided
on opposite sides with the threaded apertures, into which are fitted the pipes or
hollow arms constituting what is equivalent to a single horizontal pipe, in which
form the washer may be constructed if preferred. Along the lower side of the
pipes, preferably at equal distances apart, say, at intervals of an inch and a half,
are formed apertures. The outer ends of the pipes will be sealed, and near the
outer end of one of them, or at the outer ends of both, on opposite sides, an aperture
or apertures are cut, which serve when the internal prossuro is applied, to create an
unbalanced force, whereby the washer is made to revolve. It is plain that the
construction of the washer admits of many variations and modifications which will
be suggested by the conditions under which it is to be employed. In the operation
of the washer above described water is directed or forced through the washer
supply pipe under strong internal hydraulic pressure, say, about forty five pounds
to the square inch, which carries the water upward through the pipo and into the
perforated pipes, whence it issues in jets through the apertures. The water issuing
under pressure through the aperture or apertures causes the washer pipes to revolve
around the washer supply pipe, and thus distribute the water through the apertures
evenly over the entire surface of the filtering bed, and will revolve uninteruptedly
while the pressure is continued, which may be of course applied or cut off at will.
The action of the water under pressure issuing in jets from the apertures upon the
filtering bed is to thoroughly agitate the sand or other material, and cause the silt
and other impurities of lesser specific gravity than the sand or other material to
rise above it, and be moved away by the current of the river, or by artificial means,
as may be preferred. The washing of the filtering bed above described usually
requires from about five to ten minutes, and should be repeated from about every
twelve to ninety six hours, according to the condition of the unfiltered water.
While this form of apparatus is as has been stated especially adapted to use in a
river or running stream, it may be employed successfully when a current is
produced by artificial means, which may bo readily done by methods which will
suggest themselves according to the circumstances of the case. The Invention
further relates to an improved method and apparatus which is primarily based upon
the theory of dividing a strenin, so that the divisions of the stream are separately
purified by means of independent filters, and the purified streams united for
purposes of delivery, the cardinal object being to purify large quantities of water
rapidly and economically. The filters are constructed and arranged in a novel
manner so as to permit of the use of the forms of the filter beds best adapted to the
effectuation of the objects of the Invention, and are washed or cleaned preferably
by means analogous in some particulars to those herein before described, which are
modified to meet the requirements that are incidental to the apparatus. According
to this form of my Invention I construct the filter of as many of the sections as
may be necessary, according to the quantity of the water to be filtered within any
specified time, and the space to be occupied by the apparatus. These sections will
be cast with the pipe at their lower portions, and on one side at about their
longitudinal centre with a second pipe, which pipes when the sections are united
extend the whole length of the apparatus, and are used for conducting the water to
and from the filter beds, the one pipe being to supply the water to the apparatus,
and the other pipe to conduct the pure or filtered water away. The sections
extend entirely across the interior of the apparatus, and have cast at suitable
points upon their opposite faces studs upon which the screens of fine wire cloth or
other material answering a similar purpose are secured, and which prevent the
said screens from being forced inward against the sections or partitions. The
sections will also be provided at their longitudinal centre with an aperture
encircled on each side of the section with a collar, from which radiate ribs. The
ribs are supplied as a means of strengthening the sections, and in thickness will be
equal to the elevation of the studs, so that the wire cloth can rest upon them. In

page_text: portion of the apparatus, and is supplied as affording one method of cleaning the
filter beds. If used this pipe will be connected with the waste pipe, the connecting
pipe being supplied with a valve. In the employment of this pipe the water will
be compelled to rise through the entire body of the bed, and find an outlet at
the upper portion of the apparatus. If preferred, in lieu of the moveable washer
pipes, a series of blades or arms may be made use of, the blades or arms extending
into the beds, substantially as indicated, when the pipes are employed. The nature
and operation of certain further modifications appear with sufficient certainty from
the description of the same herein after presented. In this form the casing of the
filter, which will preferably consist of a shell of boiler iron having heads rivetted
on the ends thereof, and connected and sustained against excessive internal
pressure by bolts passing through the filter vertically, and retained by nuts on
either end, the lower head being secured to the casing by angle iron, and having
formed upon its face a suitable number of ribs adapted to strengthen the structure.
Upon each side of the casing and connected therewith by bolts are pipes which
communicate through ports with the interior of the filter at suitable points along
its entire length. In the upper end of the lower pipe is secured an inlet pipe, and
to the upper end of the second pipe is connected a pipe by which the water after
it has passed through the filter is discharged. The ports are. clongated in form,
and are more particularly described herein after. In the outer side of the first
pipe are supplied a number of hand holes with their covers, the purpose of which
is also explained herein after. The interior of the casing is divided into any
number of compartments, say ten, by the horizontal metal discs or diaphragms
which extend entirely across the interior of the casing, and thus prevent any
communication between the compartment. Upon the upper surface of each disc,
and connecting with cach port leading from the compartments into the discharge
pipe is supplied a bridge formed of wire cloth or analogous material which will
extend from the ports a suitable distance inward, and will be secured in any
suitable manner. Upon the side of the apparatus opposite to the bridges are
arranged extensions, one passing from each inlet port inward in close relation to
the under surface of each disc. The extensions will be formed of thin metal of
any suitable description, and will be perforated on their upper surface and ends.
In the vertical centre of the apparatus is arranged a washer supply pipe which
passes through the discs and compartments, and has its lower end seated in the
centro of the lower head. In the upper part of each compartment the washer
supply pipe is supplied with subordinate pipes or washers radiating from it, and
containing perforations along their lower surface, and the downwardly inclined
perforations at their outer end. The upper portion of the washer supply pipe
passes upward through a packing box and a suitable distance above the apparatus,
where it is provided with a lever wheel or other appliance by which it may
be turned when desired. The washer pipes will have a double bend or curve,
so that whon the washer supply pipe is rotated the washer pipes may each
make a full one quarter revolution, the bends or curves at the end of each
movement fitting around the bolts or rods with which they come in contact.
If the bends or curves were not supplied, a portion of the filter beds herein
after described could not be traversed and cleaned. In each compartment
the rods are enclosed by sleeves, which sleeves retain the discs in proper
relation to each other and serve to resist the strain upon them exerted by
the weight of the filter beds. Upon the central portion of cach disc and
surrounding the washer supply pipe, is placed a cup, the bottom of which
contains an aperture through which the said pipe passes, but the edges of which
are slightly separated from the surface of the pipe. Within the cup and
closely encircling the pipe are sleeves the base of which snugly fit around the
pipe and extend outward from the same over a portion of the cup, while their
vertical position is counterbored or beveled downward and inward, and provided
on one side with a slot in which a pin passes from the pipe. The object of the cup
and sleeve is to prevent the sand or other material of which the filter beds will be

page_text: composed, from packing around the pipe at the base of each compartment, and
from working down between the pipe and the edges of the disc, whereby the
proper movement of the pipe is ensured. On each compartment will be placed beds
of filtering material having upper surfaces or layers in granular forin, which will
cover the entire surface of the discs and fill the compartments nearly up to the
washer pipes. In the base of each compartiment I place preferably three layers of
gravel of different grades, the coarser being at the bottom. The upper layer of
gravel will be sifted and contain about, sny, one part of Portland or other suitable
cement to ten parts by weight of the gravel, whereby a porous bed of a very
desirable nature for filters is produced. Upon the porous bed is placed a layer or
bed of sand or other suitable material in reduced or granular form, the sand being
filled nearly up to the washer pipes. In the compartments the filter beds will
cover the bridges and the entire upper surface of the discs. In building the
apparatus the parts will have to be arranged beginning at the base, and the proper
steps to be followed will be readily understood without explanation. The porous
bed hereinbefore described prevents the sand from entering the bridges, and escaping
with the water. The purpose of having the apertures in the upper part of the
extensions is to avoid the entrance of water disturbing the sand or filter beds.
In the lower end of the inlet pipe is attached an outlet pipe which is to serve as an
escape for the water used in cleansing the filter beds. By removing the covers
the extensions may be withdrawn and replaced at will, and the attendant is thereby
enabled to add additional sand to the filter beds. The filter beds may be cleansed
by reversing the current of water through the apparatus either alone or in con-
nection with the operation of the washer pipes. Two or three revolutions of the
washer pipes will suffice to wash the filter beds, after which the washer pipes
supply is cut off and the operation of filtering is proceeded with. In the foregoing
description, I have explained my Invention as embodied in a filter formed of boiler
iron, or of an outer casing sub-divided into smaller compartments. I do not wish
to limit myself however to an apparatus of this nature, since the essential features
of the invention can be incorporated in a filter composed of cast iron sections
united to complete the construction by tie rods. In this apparatus which is a
modification of that before described, cast iron sections are arranged (in a vertical
filter) one upon the other, until a device of the desired capacity has been constructed.
The series of sections is supplemented by heads one on each end, which are connected
by the tie rods, whereby the sections are held in position. Each section consists
of a vertical rim or barrel, horizontal diaphragm, and sections of pipe, the
latter being upon opposite sides of the rim. The diaphragms have corresponding
central apertures in which is placed the vertical washer supply pipe having in the
upper part of the spaces between the diaphragms short arms or pipes supplied
with apertures along their lower sides to permit the escape of the water in jets.
The washer supply pipe extends above the apparatus and is connected with a
suitable water supply, and is provided with a worm and pinion wheel, crank or other
device, whereby it may be given a rotary movement. Within each space the
washer supply pipe is enclosed by the short sections of tubing, the lower ends of
which are externally threaded and are secured in position by engaging the female
thread formed in the diaphragms around the central apertures, and also by a lock,
nut, or collar, screwed or driven firmly down against the said diaphragins. The
sections of tubing extend upward in near relation to the washer pipes, and are
employed as a means of separating the cleinents of the filter beds from the central
pipe. The lower head will preferably be supplied with strengthening ribs. When
the ports are united to forin the apparatus the cast sections of pipe come together
and form continuous inlet and outlet pipes which connect with each space or
compartment by suitable ports. The diaphragms have a corrugated upper surface
upon which are placed sheets of wire cloth or pieces of perforated sheet metal.
The wire cloths cover the entire upper surface of the diaphragms and are retained
in place in the present instance by a hoop of wire which closely hugs the walls of
the apparatus. The corrugations in the diaphragms may be arranged in any

page_text: suitable manner, which will permit the water which enters them to pass to the
outlet ports. One efficient method of forming the corrugations is to cast them in
concentric rings or circles, the latter being crossed by grooves which lead to the
outlet ports; according to this construction a communication may be established
between all the rings and the outlet ports. In lieu of casting the corrugations
in the diaphragms, the latter may be made smooth and then receive a coating or
bed of some suitable cement which before becoming hard may be corrugated upon
its upper surface by a mould or otherwise. This method of producing the corrugated
surface has the advantage of not only being inexpensive but the cement preserves
the diaphragm from rust. From the inlet ports the extensions pass inward and
are secured in place by projections on the hand hole covers, or they may be
retained in position in various ways. The outlet ports are protected by bridges,
which pass inward upon the upper surface of each diaphragm and have the lower
edges of their sides scolloped, whereby the water flowing through the corrugation
may enter beneath the bridges and escape through the ports. The bridges will be
covered with a wire cloth or porous bod, so as to prevent the escape with the water
of the finer elements of the filter beds. Upon the sheets of wire cloth or upon
the porous beds are placed beds of sand or other material in reduced or granular
form, which will fill the coinpartinents nearly up to the upper edge of the sleeves
or sections of tubings. The operation of this modified form of apparatus is the
same in all essential respects as that above set forth, and it is obvious that the
parts of the two constructions might be interchanged without affecting the
operation of either. Another modification of the Invention consists in forming
the inlet and outlet pipes and their ports of cast iron, the diaphragms of boiler
iron, and the barrel or rim of two semi cylindrical sections of boiler iron. The
sections will be connected with the cast iron pipes, so as to form the complete
cylinder. In constructing a filter composed of a number of these sections arranged
side by side or upon each other leaden gaskets will be placed between thein to
make a close joint. It will be desirable in some instances, especially when a low
pressure is employed, to construct the filter casing of wood, the wooden sections
being supplemented with cast iron heads and provided with cast iron inlet
and outlet pipes. The diaphragms separating the filter beds are of boiler
iron and have upon them corrugated beds of cement upon which are placed
sheets of wire cloth. A final modification of my apparatus for cleaning filter
beds composed of reduced or granular material is now described. In this
apparatus the casing, which will have an outlet protected by a piece of wire
cloth or analogous material, and will be situated just above the bed of
filtering material. The main washer pipe is connected with a suitable supply
and extends along one side of the casing and is supplied with the series of
corresponding subordinate washer pipes, which are supplied with apertures along
their lower sides and pass directly across the apparatus immediately over the filter
bed. Each subordinate washer pipe is provided with a valve, whereby its connection
with the main pipe may be broken when desired, the valve stem of each valve
extending upward above the casing and being supplied with a wheel or other
device, whereby the valve may be operated by hand. It will be evident that in
this apparatus either the whole number or a portion of the subordinate washer
pipes may be caused to issue jets of water into the bed of filtering material at any
given time, and thus the whole or any portion of the said bed cleansed. Tho
water used in cleaning the bed, together with silt and other matter loosened from
the elements of the bed, will escape through a suitable outlet.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Philip Middleton Justice in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 13th December 1881.
PHILIP MIDDLETON JUSTICE, of 14, Southampton Buildings, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS
FOR FILTERING WATER." A communication from abroad by John Wesley Hyatt,
of the City of Newark, State of Jersey, United States of America.
This Invention has relation to the filtration of water, and consists in certain
processes and apparatus for effecting the desired object.
It is well known that by employment of filter beds in reduced or granular form
it is practicable to remove the silt and other impurities of a similar nature, but it
has been found that beds of this nature soon become impregnated with tho
obnoxious elements, which render them valueless until effectually cleaned. As a
consequence the proper washing or cleaning of the beds is a matter of cardinal
importance, upon which their efficiency and practical value absolutely depend. It
has been customary heretofore when large quantities of water have to be filtered
to provide extended surfaces of granular material which have been cleansed by
different expedients that have involved much exponse as well as great loss of
time. By means of my Invention I am enabled to obviate, as I believe, all the
difficulties which have arisen in connection with the cleaning or purification of
filtering beds of granular material, besides being able to overcome other difficulties
of a serious character which have heretofore been experienced.
The distinctive novelty of my Invention may be said to consist chiefly in the
employment of certain means for agitating the granular material, whereby the silt
and other impurities of an analagous nature are separated from the filtering
material, and being of inferior specific gravity, having been permitted to rise, are
removed by means of a current of water or otherwise according to the conditions
of the case. This principle is applied in connection with apparatus of novel
construction, by means of which I am enabled to obtain what is tantamount to an
extended surface in a very limited space. The details of construction and operation of
my Invention are fully set forth hereinafter and are shown in the accompanying
Drawings, which form a part of this Specification. I desire it to be understood
that while I have described and pointed out different means of accomplishing the
separation of the silt and other impurities, and the granular material, the means
may be varied according to circumstances as may be expedient. The different
forms of apparatus will be made use of according to the amount of water which it
is desired to filter, and the other conditions of the case in ways that will be
understood without specific explanations by persons having a knowledge of the art
to which the Invention has relation. The first part of my Invention is illustrated
in Figures one (1) and two (2) of the Drawings, the former being a vertical
longitudinal section, and the latter a plan or top view of an apparatus which is
especially adapted to use in a bed or stream of running water. This part of my
Invention relates to an improved process as well as to the apparatus by means of
which the process is carried out. The novelty of the process consists in the
employment of jets of water for the purpose of agitating the bed of sand or other
suitable granular material which forms the upper part of the filter bed. By this
means the silt and other impurities which collect upon the filter bed may be loosened
from the granular material, and being of less specific gravity, rise above the filter
bed, and are removed preferably by a natural current of water in which, when

page_text: practicable, the apparatus will be immersed. The novelty of the apparatus consists
in providing a hollow horizontal arm, the ends of which are closed, which is
constructed with apertures upon the lower side, and arranged to travel immediately
above the layer of sand that forms the upper part of the filter bed. The arm is
centrally connected to turn on a pipe through which water may be forced into it,
and through the apertures upon its lower side. The arm is also provided with an
aperture at one end or with two apertures, one near each end on opposite sides, and
in the same horizontal plane which serve to rotate the arm when the water is
forced into it. When the arm is actuated the numerous jets of water are moved
over the bed of sand, agitating it in the most effectual manner, separating the silt
and permiting its removal. In the accompanying Drawings as heretofore stated,
Fig. 1 is a vertical longitudinal section, and Fig. 2 a plan or top view of the
apparatus. A indicates a wall on the river bank; B, a square shaped receptacle
immersed in the bed of the river. The receptacle will be open at the top so that
it may be always full of water, and as a precaution it may be covered with a wire
screen to protect it from freshets, but it will not be necessary to use the screen in
all cases.
I regard this screen however as an important feature, and have found it
exceptionally effectivo in preventing any undue disturbance of the upper surface of
the filter bed, even when the stream has been greatly swollen. Below the
receptable is the pipe C by means of which the filtered water is conveyed through the
city. Upon a level with the upper edge of this pipe C the receptacle B is supplied
with a perforated floor or platform D of any suitable material, which will preferably
be covered with galvanized iron wire cloth, say, number eighteen, or in lieu of this
the perforations in the floor may be connected by grooves, the purpose of the wire
cloth being to so distribute the water that all of the perforations will be supplied
as nearly simultaneously as possible. On the platform D, separated therefrom by a
small space, and properly supported, is a covering of fine brass wire cloth E of
about, say, sixteen hundred meshes to the square inch, which in addition to its
functions as part of the filter bed, serves to limit the action of the jets of water.
Along the longitudinal centre of the wire cloth E is placed a strip of galvanized
iron F, and an appropriate stop is supplied whereby the revolving pipe or washer L
is caused to rest above the strip. Upon the wire cloth E and strip F is placed a
layer of beach sand G, of from about, say, three to six inches in thickness, which
completes the filtering bed. It is obvious that the water in the receptacle B will
percolate through the sand G, the wire cloth E, and perforated floor D, and be
cleaned thereby, after which it will fall into the pipe C and be conveyed away.
For the purpose of freeing the filtering bed of silt and other matter that settles
upon and penetrates it, I have constructed and applied a revolving washer, which
consists of the horizontal perforated revolving pipes or arms L, L, connected with
the pipe H, and arranged to turn thereon. Said pipe H is connected with a supply
or pump, whence it extends to a point centrally below the receptacle B and is
thence carried upward through the floor D, wire cloth E, and sand G, and is capped
upon its upper end. Applied to turn upon the top of the pipe H is a hollow hub T,
provided on opposite sides with the threaded apertures M, into which are fitted tho
pipes or hollow arms L, L, constituting what is equivalent to a single horizontal
pipe, in which form the washer may be constructed if preferred. Along the
lower side of the pipes L, L, preferably at equal distances apart, say, at intervals
of an inch and a half, are formed the apertures O. The outer ends of thepipes L, L,
will be sealed, and near the outer end of one of them, or at the outer ends of both on
opposite sides an aperture or apertures aro cut, which serve, when the internal
pressure is applied to create an unbalanced force, whereby the washer is made to
revolve. It is plain that the construction of the washer admits of many variations
and modifications which will be suggested by the conditions under which it is to
be employed. In the operation of the washer above described, water is directed
or forced through the pipe H under strong internal hydraulic pressure, say, about
forty five pounds to the square inch, which carries the water upward through the

page_text: pipe H and into the perforated pipes L, L, whence it issues in jets through the
aperture O and the apertures P and Q. The water issuing under pressure through
the aperture or apertures last named causes the pipes L, L, to revolve around the
pipo H, and thus distribute the water through the apertures O evenly over the
entire surface of the filtering bed, and will revolve uninterruptedly while the
pressure is continued, which may be of course applied or cut off at will. The
action of the water under pressure issuing in jets from the apertures O upon
the filtering bed is to thoroughly agitate the sand or other material, and cause the
silt and other impurities of lesser specific gravity than the sand or other material
to rise above it and be moved away by the current of the river, or by artificial
means as may be preferred. The washing of the filtering bed above described
usually requires from about five to ten minutes, and should be repeated from about
every twelve to ninety six hours, according to the condition of the unfiltered
water. While this form of apparatus is, as has been stated, especially adapted to
use in a river or running stream, it may be employed successfully when a current
is produced by artificial means, which may be readily done by methods which will
suggest theinselves according to the circumstances of the case. The Invention
further relates to an improved method and apparatus which is primarily based
upon the theory of dividing a stream, so that the divisions of the stream are
separately purified by means of independent filters, and the purified streams united
for purposes of delivery, the cardinal object being to purify large quantities of
water rapidly and economically. The filters are constructed and arranged in a
novel manner, so as to permit of the use of the forms of the filter beds best adapted
to the effectuation of the objects of the Invention, and are washed or cleaned
preferably by means analagous in some particulars to those herein before described,
which are modified to meet the requirements that are incidental to the apparatus.
The construction of the second part of the Invention is shown and illustrated in
the accompanying Drawings, in which Figure 3 is a side elevation partly in section
of a filter embodying the elements of the Invention; Fig. 4 is an end view of
same; Fig. 5 is a face view of one of the sections of which the filter is composed;
Fig. 6 is a plan with a portion in section on the central horizontal centre of the
apparatus; Figs. 7 and 8 are detached views showing a modification which is
described hereinafter. A, in Figures 3 and 4, indicates the apparatus as a whole,
and B, in Figure 3, the sections or castings of which the apparatus is composed, the
sections by preference all corresponding in size, and being of circular form. In
constructing the filter as many of the sections B as may be desired may bo
employed, according to the quantity of the water to be filtered within any specified
time, and the space to be occupied by the apparatus. The sections B will be cast
with the pipe E at their lower portions, and on one side at about their longitudinal
centro with the pipe F in Figures 4 and 5, which pipes when the sections are
united extend the whole length of the apparatus, and are used for conducting the
water to and from the filter beds, the pipe E being to supply the water to the
apparatus, and the pipe F to conduct the pure water away. The sections B extend
entirely across the interior of the apparatus, and have cast at suitable points upon
their opposite faces the studs a, upon which the screens of fine wire cloth or other
material answering a similar purpose are secured, and which prevent the said
screens from being forced inward against the sections or partitions B. The
sections B will also be provided at their longitudinal centre with an aperture f
encircled on each side of the section with a collar, from which radiate ribs in
Figure 5. The ribs are supplied as a means of strengthening the sections, and
in thickness will be equal to the elevation of the studs a, so that the wire cloth b
can rest upon them. In the aperture f will be inserted a pipe H running through
the longitudinal centre of the apparatus, and provided in each compartment thereof
at right angles to its line of centre with a pipe or pipes i, which extend outward
to a point in near relation to the inner circumference of the outer portions of the
castings, and which are provided in turn with apertures on one or more sides

page_text: from which the water may issue. The pipes, or that portion of them containing
the apertures, will be covered with wire cloth, so as to protect them from the
entrance of the sand or other material used for the filtering bed. The apertures f
will be adapted to loosely receive the pipe H, which if desired may be covered
with short sections of wrought iron pipe between the partitions, for the purpose
of resisting any longitudinal strain on the latter. The sections B at the ends of the
apparatus will have a solid exterior, so as to effectually enclose its contents, and
by preference will be cast with lugs n at suitable points on their edges, the lugs
serving as means of connecting the said ends by bolts & running from one end to the
other of the apparatus, whereby the intervening sections or castings are firmly
secured together. When the sections B are united by bolts as aforesaid to form
the apparatus, packing of rubber, leather, or other suitable material may be placed
between the edges of the sections for the purpose of making the joints water tight,
or the packing may be omitted and the joints sealed or made water tight by
other means, according to circumstances. In the side and in the lower portion
of the partitions B are formed the ports d, e, the ports d in Figures 4
and 5 in the side leading from the compartments I between the sections
or partitions to the pipe F, and the ports e in the lower portion leading from the
supply pipe E upward into each of the compartments I. When the sections or
partitions are united to form the apparatus, the spaces I between them will be
supplied with a filtering agent of any kind and in any form that may be desired.
The nature of the filtering agent will depend in some degree upon whether or not
the washer H is made use of. If the washer is employed the material will be of
such a character that its agitation may be accomplished by rotating the washer,
as bereinbefore set forth; but if the washer is not used the filtering agent may be
of any desired form as may be preferred. As however the washer will generally
be used by preference, the spaces I will be filled to within, say, about from two to
four inches of their upper edges with sand, charcoal, or other suitable material in
granular form, the material being separated from the partition and prevented from
entering the ports d, e, by the screens of wire cloth b resting against the lugs a
and ribs before described. For the purpose of affording a means for introducing
the sand into the compartments I, suitablo hand holes Jare formed in the upper
portions of the castings; and as a means of withdrawing the sand when desired
hand holes K are cast in the lower portions thereof to one side of the pipe E, both
hand holes being supplied with lids or covers L by means of which the holes are
securely closed. The inlet pipe E is connected with a supply pipe M, and between
the pipe M and the apparatus with the waste pipe N, the connection between the
waste pipe N and the inlet being by a pipe O supplied with a valve P. The inlet
pipe E will be provided with a valvo Q, shown in Fig. 3, between the waste and
supply pipes. The outlet pipe F will lead to the main G, and will be supplied
with a valve R, so as to break the connection when desired. The washer pipe H
is connected by means of a pipe S with the main for clean water G, and is furnished
near its outer end with a wheel, crank, or other device by which it may be turned
by hand, or the pipe may be rotated in other ways if preferred. In the pipe S
will be provided a valve T by which the connection with the main G may be
broken when desired. The upper portions of the vertical parts of the sections B,
say to within about six inches of their upper edges, are cast without the lugs a, and
will not be covered with the wire cloth, the upper edges being secured to the
sections or partitions by the straps V secured or bolted in place, as shown in
Figure 3. In the operation of the apparatus, the valves T and P being closed and
the valves Q, R, opened, the water to be cleansed is forced under pressure into
the inlet pipe E, whence it passes through the ports e into each compartment I
After leaving the ports e the water passes upward around the lugs a, thence
through the wire cloth and filtering beds, and out through the ports d into the
outlet pipe F. When the filtering beds and screens b become foul froin silt and other
sediment, in order to clean them thoroughly, and at the same time loosen up the

page_text: sand or other material employed for the filtering beds, the valves T and P are
opened and the valves Q and R closed, when the clean water is forced from the
main G through the pipo S into the pipe H, and thence into the filtering beds
through the apertures in the shorter pipes i, while the pipe H is slowly moved
by means of the hand wheel, or crank, or otherwise. As soon as the water begins
to escape from the pipes i the granular material in immediate proximity to them
is agitated and displaced, thus permitting the rotation of the washer. The pipes &
will be rotated in the direction of the current of water to be filtered, that is, from
the inlet ports e towards the outlet porta d, and the usual practice will be to have
the perforations or apertures on the side of the pipes i facing the direction of
its movement. If desired the pipes i may be perforated on all their sides, in which
case they may be rotated in either direction. One or more complete revolutions
of the washer are made through the filter beds, loosening the granular material
and permitting the water issuing from the apertures in said pipes to thoroughly
wash it. The water employed in washing the beds passes through the ports c and
pipe E into the waste pipo N, and is thus carried away. After the washing has
been accomplished the valves T and P are closed and the valves Q and R opened
again, and the operation of filtering proceeded with as before. It is plain that the
apparatus may be employed in a vertical or in a horizontal position, as may be
preferred. If desired, in lieu of washing the filtering beds by the agitator pipes H
it will often be possible to clean them by simply reversing the current of water
through the apparatus. In this case the water will enter at the ports d and escape
through the ports e, and the flow of the reversed current need only be permitted
for a few minutes. In many instances, perhaps as a general rule, this means of
washing will be found useful and effectual if practised at short intervals; but to
preserve the bed in a properly pure condition, and to render the current by reversal
effectual, the operation of the washer H whereby the entire bed is agitated will be
occasionally required. The employment of the two methods is a matter of judge-
ment which will be governed by circumstances, and which will be readily
understood by the skilled operator. It is obvious that the apparatus may be
modified in some respects without departing from the essence of the Invention.
For instance, the inlet may be constructed near the outlet, and in place of the
partitions being in their present precise form, the screens b may be prevented from
collapsing by a filling of gravel, which would also allow a free passage of the
water over the surfaces of the filter beds. Instead of the screens b made of wire
cloth, perforated plates or other expedients, which will permit the water to escape
and at the same time prevent the escape of the granular material, may be employed,
the purpose of the screens being to form a space between the filter beds and the
solid part of the partitions in which the water can circulate freely and come in
contact with both sides of the said filter beds, the cutire filtration surfaces being
thereby brought into use. I do not limit myself to any special arrangement of
the pipes for agitating and cleaning the filter beds, as they may be arranged in
various ways, and still operate with satisfactory results. One modification
would be to have them project from a supply pipe downward into the beds
without being capable of rotation. In this case the filtering material is
agitated by the water, which is caused to issue from the pipes rising through it.
In the foregoing description I have emphasised particularly the construction and
operation of an apparatus in which a washer is used in connection with beds of
material of a granular or reduced form, but I do not limit my claim to such an
apparatus, even though I greatly prefer to employ it; thus the washer may be
entirely dispensed with, and the sections I filled with sponge or other materials
or agents, in connection with which the washer could not possibly be successfully
employed. The modifications shown in Figures 7 and 8 consist simply in tho
addition of the pipo X to the apparatus, and its connections by means of parts
with the filter beds on each side of the partitions. This pipe X will preferably be
formed at the upper portion of the apparatus, and is supplied as affording one

page_text: method of cleaning the filter beds. If used the pipe X will be connected by a
suitable pipe with the waste pipe N, the connecting pipe being supplied with a
valve. In the employment of the pipe X the valve P is closed so that the water
will be compelled to rise through the entire body of the bed, and finds an outlet
at the upper portion of the apparatus. If preferred, in lieu of the pipe i a series
of blades or arms may be made use of, the blades or arms extending into the beds,
substantially as indicated, when the pipes are employed. In Figures 9, 10, 11,
and 12 are shown certain modifications of the Invention, the nature and operation
of which appear with sufficient certainty from the description of the same herein-
after presented. Referring to the Figures 9 and 10, A indicates the casing of the
filter, which will preferably consist of a sheet of boiler iron having heads B, C,
rivetted on the ends thereof, and connected and sustained against successivo
internal pressure by bolts D passing through the filter vertically and retained by
nuts on either end. The lower head C is in the present instance secured to the
casing by the angle iron E, and has formed upon its face a suitable number of
ribs F, as indicated by dotted lines in Figure 10, adapted to strengthen the
structure. Upon each side of the casing A and connected therewith by bolts G
are the pipes H, I, which communicate with the interior of the filter at suitablo
points along its entire length by the ports J, K. In the upper end of the lower
pipe H is secured an inlet pipe L, and to the upper end of the pipe I is connected
a pipo M by which the water after it has passed through the filter is discharged.
The ports J, K, are clongated in form, as indicated in detached views, and aro
more particularly described hereinafter. In the outer sido of the pipe H are
supplied a number of hand holes with their covers N, the purpose of which is also
explained hereinafter. The interior of the casing A is divided into any number of
compartments O, say ten, by the horizontal metal discs or diaphragms P which
extend entirely across the interior of the casing, and thus prevent any communi-
cation between the compartments. Upon the upper surface of each disc P and
connecting with each port K leading from the compartments O into the pipe I is
supplied a bridge Q formed of wire cloth or analagous material which will extend
from the ports K a suitable distance in ward, and will be secured in any suitable
manner. Upon the side of the apparatus opposite to the bridges Q are arranged the
extensions R, one passing from each inlet port J inward in close relation to the
under surface of each disc P. The extensions R will be formed of thin metal of
any suitable description, and will be perforated over their upper surfaces and ends.
In the vertical centre of the apparatus is arranged a washer pipe T which
passes through the discs P and compartments O, and has its lower end seated in
the centre of the head C. In the upper part of each compartment O the pipe T is
supplied with subordinate pipes or washers V radiating from the pipe T, and con-
taining perforations a along their lower surfaces, and the downwardly inclined
perforations b at their outer end. The upper portion of the pipo T passes upward
through the packing box W and a suitable distance above the apparatus, where it
is provided with a lever wheel or other appliance by which it may be turned when
desired. The pipes V will have a double bend or curve, as indicated in dotted
lines in Figure 9, so that when the pipe T is rotated the pipe V in this instanco
(the illustration showing four of them) may each make a full one quarter revolution,
the bends or curves at the end of each movement fitting around the bolts or rods D
with which they come in contact; if the bends or curves were not supplied a
portion of the filter beds hereinafter described could not be traversed and cleaned
by the pipes V. In each compartment O the rods Dare enclosed by sleeves X,
shewn in section in the lower part of Figure 10, and in dotted lines in the remaining
parts of the Figure, which sleeves retain the discs P in proper relation to each
other, and serve to resist the strain upon them exerted by the weight of the
filter beds. Upon the central portion of each disc P and surrounding the
washer pipe T is placed a cup Y, the bottom of which contains an aperturo
through which the pipe T passes, but the edges of which are slightly separated

page_text: from the surface of the pipe. Within the cup Y and closely encircling the
pipe T are the sleeves Z, the bases of which snugly fit around the pipe T and
extend outward from the same over a portion of the cup Y, while their vertical
portion is counterbored or beveled downward and inward, and provided
on one side with a slot d in which a pin e passes from the pipe T. Theo
object of the cup Y and sleeve Z is to prevent the sand or other material
of which the filter beds will be composed from packing around the pipe T
at the base of each compartment O, and from working down between the
pipe and the edges of the disc P, whereby the proper movement of the
pipe T is ensured. On each compartment O will be placed beds of filtering
inaterial having upper surfaces or layers in granular form which will
cover the entire surface of the discs P and fill the compartments nearly
up to the washer pipes V. In the base of each compartiment I placo
preferably three layers of gravel of different grades, the coarser being at the
bottom. The upper layer of gravel will be sifted, and contain about, say,
one part of Portland or other suitable cement to ten parts by weight of the
gravel, whereby a porous bed of a very desirable nature for filters is produced.
Upon the porous bed is placed a layer or bed of sand or other suitable material in
reduced or granular form, the sand being filled nearly up to the pipes V. In tho
compartments O the filter beds will cover the bridges and the entire upper
surface of the discs P. In building the apparatus the parts will have to be arranged,
beginning at the base, and the proper steps to be followed will be readily under-
stood without explanation. The porous bed herein before described prevents the
sand from entering the bridges Q and escaping with the water. The purpose of
having the apertures in the upper part of the extensions R is to avoid the entrance
of water, disturbing the sand or filter beds. In the lower end of the pipe H is
attached an outlet pipe p, which is to serve as an escape for the water used in
cleansing the filter beds. By removing the covers N the extensions may be with-
drawn and replaced at will, and the attendant is thereby enabled to add additional
sand to the filter beds. The operation of the apparatus is as follows:-The water
to be filtered enters tho pipe L, whence it passes into the pipe H, and through the
extensions R into the compartments O, after which it passes through the filter beds
and out of the compartments by way of the bridges into the pipe I, by which it
is conducted away. The filter beds may be cleansed by reversing the current of
water through the apparatus, either alone or in connection with the operation of
the washer pipe T, but the preferred method of cleaning them is as follows:-I
close the inlet and outlet pipes L, M, and open the outlet p, and then admit water
either from a filtered or unfiltered supply under pressure to the washer pipe T, at
the same time giving the pipe one or more revolutions. The water passes through the
pipe T into the shorter pipes V, and thence out into the filter beds in the form of jets.
When the pipe T is revolved the jets of water are caused to travel over the entiro
surface of the filter beds, whereby the elements thereof are thoroughly agitated,
and any silt or other matter deposited therein is caused to pass off through the
extensions R, pipe H, and outlet p. Two or three revolutions of the pipe T will
suffice to wash the filter beds, after which the washer pipes' supply is cut off, and
the operation of filtering is proceeded with as before. In the foregoing description
I have explained my Invention as embodied in a filter formed of boiler iron, or of
an outer casing sub-divided into smaller compartments. I do not wish to limit
myself however to an apparatus of this nature, since the essential features of the
Invention can be incorporated in a filter composed of cast iron sections united, to
complete the construction by tie rods, as illustrated in Figures 13 and 14. In this
apparatus, which is a modification of that shewn in the preceding Figures of tho
Drawing, B represents the cast iron sections arranged (in a vertical filter) one upon
the other until a device of the desired capacity has been constructed. The series
of sections B is supplemented by heads C, one on each end, which are connected by
the tie rods D, whereby the sections are held in position. Each section B consists

page_text: of the vertical rim or barrel E, horizontal diaphragm F, and the sections of pipe G,
the latter being upon opposite sides of the rim E. The diaphragms F havo corre-
sponding central apertures H, in which is placed the vertical washer pipe I, having
in the upper part of the spaces J between the diaphragms the short arms or pipes a
supplied with apertures along their lower sides to permit the escape of the water in
jets. The pipe I extends above the apparatus, and is connected with a suitable
water supply, and is provided with a worm and pinion, wheel, crank, or other
device, whereby it may be given a rotary movement. Within each spaco J the
pipe I is enclosed by the short sections of tubing d, the lower ends of which are
externally threaded, and are secured in position by engaging the female thread
formed in the diaphragms around the central apertures H, and also by the lock nut
or collar e screwed or driven firmly down against the said diaphragnis. The sections
of tubing extend upward in near relation to the pipes a, and are employed as a
means of separating the elements of the filter-beds from the central pipe I. The
lower head C will preferably be supplied with strengthening ribs f. When tho
parts B are united to form the apparatus the sections of pipe G come together and
form the continuous inlet pipe L and outlet pipe M, which connect with each space
or compartment J by the ports 7, m. The diaphragms F have a corrugated upper
surface, upon which are placed sheets of wire cloth or pieces of perforated sheet
metal N. The wire cloth covers the entire upper surface of the diaphragms F, and
are retained in place in the present instance by the hoop of wire P, which closely
hugs the walls of the apparatus. The corrugations u in the diaphragms may be
arranged in any suitable manner, which will permit the water which enters them
to pass to the outlet ports m. One efficient method of forming the corrugations is
to cast them in concentric rings or circles, the latter being crossed by grooves
which lead to the outlet ports. According to this construction a communication
may be established between all the rings and the outlet ports. In lieu of casting
the corrugations u in the diaphragms F, the latter may be made smooth, and then
receive a coating or bed of some suitable cement, which before becoming hard may
be corrugated upon its upper surface by a mould or otherwise. This method of
producing the corrugated surface has the advantage of not only being inexpensive,
but the cement preserves the diaphragms from rust. From the inlet ports the
oxtensions O pass inward, and are at present secured in place by the projections on
the hand hole covers P¹, as indicated in Figure 14, but they may be retained in
position in various ways. The outlet ports m are protected by the bridges Q, which
pass inward from the upper surface of each diaphragm F, and have the lower edges of
their sides scalloped as at w, whereby tho water flowing through the corrugation n
may enter beneath the bridges and escape through the ports m. The bridges Q
will be covered with a wire cloth or porous bed, so as to prevent the escape
with the water of the finer clements of the filter beds. Upon the sheets of wire
cloth or upon the porous beds are placed beds of sand R or other material in
reduced or granular form, which will fill the compartments J nearly up to tho
upper edge of the sleeves or sections of tubings d. The operation of this modified
form of apparatus is the same in all essential respects as that above set-forth, and
it is obvious that the parts of the two constructions might be interchanged
without affecting the operation of either. In Figures 15 and 10 I show another
modification of the Invention which consists in forming the inlet and outlet pipes
and their ports of cast iron, the diaphragmns 1 of boiler iron, and the barrel or rim
of two semi-cylindrical sections 2 of boiler iron. The sections 2 will be connected
with the cast iron pipes so as to form the complete cylinder. In constructing a filter
composed of a number of these sections arranged side by side or upon each other,
leaden gaskets 3 will be placed between them to make a close joint. It will bo
desirable in some instances, especially when a low pressure is employed, to
construct the filter casing of wood, and in Figure 17 I illustrate a top view, and in
Figure 18 a central vertical section of a filter of this description, the same being
merely a modified form of the filters described in the preceeding parts of this

page_text: Specification. This construction will be clearly understood without a detailed
description. The wooden sections 4 are supplemented with cast iron heads-5 and
provided with cast iron inlet and outlet pipes 6. The diaphragins 7 separating the
filter beds are of boiler iron and have upon them corrugated beds of cement 8,
upon which are placed sheets of wire cloth 9. In Figures 19 and 20 I illustrate my .
apparatus for cleaning filter beds composed of reduced or granular materials. In
this apparatus 10 indicates the casing which will have an outlet 16 protocted by a
piece of wire cloth or analogous material, and will be situated just above the bed
of filtering material 15 as shown. The main washer pipe 11 is connected with
a suitable supply and extends along one side of the casing 10 and is supplied
with the series of corresponding subordinate washer pipes 12, which are supplied
with apertures along their lower sides and pass directly across the apparatus
immediately over the filter bed. Each pipo 12 is provided with a valve 13 whoreby
its connection with the main pipe 11 may be broken when desired; the valve
stem 14 of each valve 13 extending upward above the casing 10 and supplied with
a wheel or other device whereby the valve may be operated by hand. It will be
observed that in this apparatus either the whole number or a portion of the
subordinate washer pipes may be caused to issuo jets of water into the bed
of filtering material at any given time, and thus the whole or any portion of
the said bed cleansed. The water used in cleaning the bed, together with Bilt
and other matter loosened from the elements of the bed will escape through the
outlet 16.
Having described the Invention of my foreign correspondent and how the same
may be practically employed, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters
Patent is,-
1. In cleaning filtering beds, the upper parts of which are composed of sand or
other material in granular form, the method of separating from the granular
material obnoxious particles of less specific gravity than the granular material,
which consists in agitating the latter from above by means of travelling jets of
water and then causing the obnoxious particles which arise above the filtered bed
to be conducted off by a current of water, substantially as set forth.
2. An apparatus for cleaning a filtering bed, in which a hollow arm or pipe
provided with apertures upon its lower side, is actuated horizontally by means of
internal hydraulic pressure, substantially as set forth.
3. A filtering apparatus consisting of a series of independent filtor beds of
granular or reduced material, and a washer or agitator, the beds being each
provided with inlet and outlet ports connected with a common supply and delivery
pipe, and the washer or agitator consisting of a series of subordinate agitators upon
a common shaft, whereby the separate beds are simultaneously agitated to effect a
separation of obnoxious material and permit of a removal of the same, substantially
as set forth.
4. In a filtering apparatus consisting of a casing containing a bed of filtering
material in reduced or granular form, the washer pipe H having a pipe or pipes i
containing an outlet or outlets protected with wire cloth or analagous material,
the pipe or pipes being arranged to enter the bed, substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.
5. A filtering apparatus consisting of a receptacle containing a series of beds of
sand or other suitable filtering material separated by hollow perforated partitions
provided with inlet and outlet ports connecting with a supply and delivery, in
combination with washer pipes adapted to be rotated and issue jets of water in
cach of said beɩ
y as set forth.
6. In a filtering apparatus consisting of a series of sections B forming hollow
partitions between beds of filtering material, the central washer pipe H passing
through the partitions and supplied in the compartments between them with
shorter pipes i, substantially as set forth.
7. The sections B cast with the lugs a upon which screens bare placed and

page_text: forming the compartments I containing filter beds in combination with the rotating
pipe H and pipes i, substantially as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Philip Middleton Justice, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
Signed, sealed, and delivered
in the presence of
ALLEN P. JONES,
14, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane, W.C.
HILIP
JUSTICE. (L.S.)