Apparatus for Forming Holes in Brush-backs by Pressure.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Apr., 1895
Complete Specification Left. 25th Jan., 1897-Accepted, 17th Apr., 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Apparatus for Forming Holes in Brush-backs by Pressure.
I, CARL EDUARD FLEMMING of Schoenhoide, Germany, Brush Manufacturer,.
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
In the manufacture of brushes as heretofore carried on the holes for the bristles in the
brush back have been bored singly. The present invention relates to apparatus for
pressing the said holes simultaneously in rows or groups into the back. If all the
holes in a brush back are to be parallel to each other, they may all be formed by a
single pressing operation. It is necessary of course to employ for this purpose a
material for the brush hack that will stand such simultaneous pressing-in of the holes
without splitting or breaking; wood, celluloid, papier maché and the like are suitable:
for this purpose.
The said apparatus consists mainly of two parts; one for holding the brush and the
other for pressing the holes into it.
The brush holder can be variously constructed; it must be so arranged as to hold!
the part of the back into which the holes are to be pressed so that it cannot split:
wher: the holes are pressed into it by the punches. For this purpose according to
one arrangement there are fixed upon a base plate two side cheeks which are
preferably made adjustable towards each other so as to leave a space between them.
exactly equal to the width of the brush back, and upon these cheeks is carried a plate,
thus forming with the cheeks a closed space for the brush back to be introduced into,.
an adjustable stop being provided at one oud for regulating the exact position of the
brush back. The top plate is perforated with holes corresponding in number to those
to be formed in the back, the punches for this purpose being passed through the
said holes. The side cheeks. when made adjustable, have slotted holes through which
pass clamping screws projecting up from the base, such slots allowing the cheeks to.
be adjusted either parallel or at an angle to each other, to suit either parallel or
tapering backs. Cheeks of different heights are also provided to suit backs of
different thickness.
The device for pressing in the holes consists of a plate from the underside of which
project as many punches as there are holes to be formed in the brush back which
punches, boing forced downward through the holes in the top plate form the
corresponding holes in the back. According as these holes require to be made of
greater or less depth, the plate with the punches requires to have the length of its
stroke regulated, which may be done in any known manner, or the position of the
base relatively to the punches can be varied for the purpose.
On the withdrawal of the punches, the before mentioned top plate serves to hold
back the brush back. The punch plate may either be fixed directly to the plunger
or lever by which it is pressed downward, or it may be separate therefrom, and be
held in a raised position against stops above the brush holder, by means of springs,.
so that when it has been depressed by a plunger for forming the holes it will, on the
rising of the plunger be raised up again by the springs.
According to another modification the brush holder is made adjustable so that it
can be inade to assume an oblique position relatively to the punches, for producing
brushes in which the bristle tufts are placed at an angle to each other instead of

page_text: parallel for example, when the surface of the brush back that is to receive the
bristles is formed with a cylindrical curvature and the bristles ara to stand radial to
such surface.
For this purpose the brush back is secured between two cheeks by means of
clamping screws on a base that is mounted on a horizontal axis carried by a slide
and adjusted so as to be vortically beneath the punchos. The base carries a tootho 1
sector with which gears a worm that can be rotated by a hand wheel, so that by this
means the base and with it the brush back can be turned on the axis so as to present
different portions of the back at different angles to the punches, of which there is in
this case only a single row, in line with the axis of the base. Thus on punching one
line of holes, and then turning the buck through a slight angle, a second line of
holes is punched at such angle, and so on. With this arrangement the perforated
top plate instead of being fixed on top of the cheeks, is connected by a spring
attachment to the punch plate, so that as the punch descends, the perforated plate is
first applied to the surface of the brush back, after which the punches descend farther
and form the holes, the reverse action taking place on the ascent.
When the surface of the brush back to be covered with bristles consists of a flat
middle ortion and two rounded edges, the holes for the bristle tufts can be formed
in parallel rows in the middle purt, by shifting the base with the back sideways under
the panches, without turning it on its axis, and then radiating holes can be formed on
the rounded edges by turning the back on its axis as above described.
The turning of the base and brush back on its axis can also be effected by other
known mechanical devices instead of by worm gear.
Dated this 24th day of April 1896.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
Apparatus for Forming Holes in Brush-backs by Pressure.
I, CARL EDUARD FLEMMING, of Schoenheide, Gormany, Brush Manufacturor,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
Hitherto the holes for bristles in brushes have beon bored one by one.
Now the
present invention relates to an apparatus for pressing these holes in rows or in
groups at a time. If in a brush body all the bristle holes are parallel for instance,
then by means of this apparatus all the holes can be formed by one single pressing
operation. It is of course to be understood that the material selected for the brash
bodies is capable of undergoing snch pressing in of the holes without tearing or
breaking.
Wood, celluloid, paper maché and the like substances are suitable for this purpose.
Figures 1 to 5 of the drawings illustrate an apparatus of this kind. It consists of
two main parts, one of which serves to hold the brushes and the other part for pressing
in the holes.
The brush holder may be constructed of various forms, so long as that portion of
the brush body in which the holes are to be pressed is held in such a manner as not
to split when the punches or pressing tools are forced into it.
In the arrangement shown, upon the plate a are fixed two strips d between which
that part of the brush which is to be punched is inserted. The space between the
strips dd and the plate a, provided for the reception of the brush body, is further
limited towards the top by a plate e, but this plate may be dispensed with as herein

page_text: after stated. In this plate there are holes e' through which the punches project.
The brush which may be for example a tooth brush A, as shewn in Figures 2 to 5, is
inserted into the holder from the side. In order that the holes shall always be
accurately pressed at the same spot, there is provided on the brush holder a stop g
which serves to limit the advance of the brush body. The stop g is adjustable, such
as by means of a slot and set screw g'. The strips d aro preferably capable of
being adjusted laterally by being formed with slots d' guided along the screws d',
which connect the parts a d d e of the holder. By this means the strips d can be
adjusted as regards their distance apart to snit brushes of different widths, und also
to the extent of a small angle relatively to each other for the purpose of enabling
brushes to be pierced whose width tapers or varies. For brushes with backs of
different heights the strips d must be replaced by higher strips. In general the
holder may also be made vertically adjustable for this lust mentioned purpose.
The holding device consists of a plate which is provided with the requisite
number of punches or small pressing tools f' arranged in one or more groups or
series. The punches fit accurately in the same number of holes e' of the plate e.
As the plate is movod up and down, the bristle holes are formed in the brush
bodies that are inserted in the holder.
The plate e with the holes e is designed to serve several purposes. First, these
holes constitute guides for the punches' so as to prevent the latter from being bent
or from assuming inclined positions during the punching operation. Preferably the
pressing plate, has a stroke small enough to insure that the punoles do not lose
their guidance in the holes e'. If the punches should move quite out of the holes, it
might possibly occur that in the next downstroke they would not enter accurately into
their holes again. This last mentioned danger may also be obviated by making the
guiding holes e with rounded or flaring upper edges or hy tapering or bevelling the
punches at their ends in order that the punches shall enter properly into their guide
holes. The plate e also serves to keep back the brush bodies after the holes have been
punched so that the punches do not carry the brush bodies up with them. Finally the
plate e is requisite, in order that the punched holes shall have sharp clear cut mouths,
and that the upper surface of the brush body shall remain smooth.
The plate with its punches must be pressed downwards to a greater or loss
extent, according as it is desired that the bristle boles shall have more or less depth.
The depth of the punching of the holes may be regulated in various known ways;
namely, either the length of the punch or its stroke or the height of the plate a cau
be varied.
Figaro 5 shows an arrangement in which the plunger is not fixed to the pressing
plate. The latter is in this case kept by means of springs I and stops k in the highest
position in which the punches are still guided in the holes e'. According as the table b
is situated at a greater or less height, tho plunger i will meet the pressing plate f
sooner or later so that holes can be punched of corresponding depth.
A modification of the pressing device is shown in Figures 6 and 7. The brush
holder is made adjustable in this case, in such a manner as to enable oblique holes to
be punched in the brush body, it being immaterial whether the brush body has a flut
or a convex upper surface. A brush holder of this kind is used particularly when the
bundles of bristles or rows of tufts are not parallel side by side but are arranged
relatively to one another somewhat like the radii of a cylinder. In this case the brush
is held between cheeks or jaws n, Figure 6, which can be moved relatively to each
other by means of the screws o or any other suitable means. These jaws n are
arranged in a frame m which is immovably fixed to a part p. The latter is
pivotted on the pin on the sliding carriage aud forms a rigid whole with the
toothed wheel in which the worm engages. On turning the latter by means of the
hand wheel u the part p also turns with the brush holder m n about tho pin g so that
the brush body is brought into another position under the holeing device.
In this case it has beon assumed that the surface of the brush to be punched is
formed convex, like the surface of a cylinder as shown in Figure 9, and that all the
bundles or rows of bristles are arranged radially. The sliding carriage r is adjusted

page_text: by means of the spindle to in such a manner that the axes of the pin q and of the
pressing spindle Jare at right angles to each other and in one plane. The holeing
device employed has only oue row of punches. On its downstroko first only one
longitudinal row of holes are punched in the brush body, then the brush holder is
rotated by means of the hand wheel u to such an extent as to enable the next row of
holes to be panched, and so on. The holes for the tufts of bristles all have one radial
position their axes converging towards the axis of the pin 7. If it is desired to
arrange the tufts in an arc of more or less curvatare, it is necessary to clamp the
brushes at a greater or less height, that is to say, near to or further away from the
axis g. This may be done for example by employing, in place of the brush holder mn,
another brush holder having a highor or lower frame m, and arranging the holeing
device at a correspondingly greater or less height.
The shifting of the holeing dovico may be offected for instance by means of the hand
wheel K. whereby the spindle J can be set to a greater or less hoight in the sliding
carriage L.
In the case last described the plate e with the guide holes e for the punches
is not fixed on the brush holder but is carried by the pressing plate f. The brush
is then held at its sides and has its uppor surface free. The set screw Gensures
the proper position of the brush when inserte 1. The plate e is made adjustable
to a certain extent on the prossing plate by means of the guide slots and
screws e and is held underneath by the springs 1. On the downstroke of the
pressing punch, the plate e therefore bears first against the brush body and in
consequence of the compression of the springs it is held with increasing pressure
against the brush body, so that uniformly punched holes are produced.
When it is desired to punch holes of any desired obliquity, then the sliding
carriage innst also be shifted in addition to the adjustment by means of the hand
wheel. If for example the brush body shown in cross section in Figure 10, is to
be provided with holos, then the holder must be rotated underneath the holding
device partly only by shifting the carriage, and adjusted by means of the hand
wheel for the purpose of punching the holes in the rounded edges.
Instead of the hand wheel u any other adjusting device such as for example a rachet
device could be employed. Generally, the devices for adjusting or shifting the brush
holder can be constructed in a great variety of ways.
When a brush body having a flat upper surface as shown in Figure 8 is to bo
provided with obliquely set holes for the bristle tufts the guide holes el for the
punches in the plate e must all or in part lio obliquely to correspond in the mannor
shown in Figure 11, in order to enable the punches to work also when the plate e is
placed obliquely. In this case the plate e is preferably fixed to the holder which as
in the previous case may be pivotted on an axis lying at right angles to the dash-dotted
middle line of Figure 11.
The punches may be made cylindrical or conical. Hollow panches may also be
employed, provided with sharp lower edges which cut out cores from the brush
body, the said cores being then removed by suitable means after each pressing
operation.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what 1
claim is :-
1. An apparatus for pressing or punching holes in brush bodies in which the brush
body is enclosed on all sides by a counter plate a, sido strips d d, and a cover plate e
which is provided with holes for the passage of the punches, by means of which
apparatus smooth holes are pressed or punched by the punches which compress the
material displaced from the holes into the brush body and thus at the same time
render the latter more dense.
2. A pressing or punching device as specified in the first clain, characterized by a
pressing plate, which is provided with punches and which is independent of the
plunger i that presses it down, and which is raised by spring pressure or the like after

page_text: the holes have been punched, for the purpose of preventing a violent withdrawal of
the punches, stops kk or the like being provided if desired for the purpose of
preventing the pressing plate from rising too far with the punches.
Dated this 90th day of January 1897
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant..