Improvements in Surveying Instruments.
Year: 1894

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Surveying Instruments.
I, DOMINGO ARÁMBURN, of 10 Calle Nueva, City of Mexico, Mexico, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to surveying instruments, and consists of an instrument pot
only for measuring distances, as an odometer, but for automatically plotting,
grading, levelling and recording this and other data connected with topographical
surveys and partial planometry. In view of the various uses to which the
instrument may be put I have designated it as the "Autotaquigrafometro."
The apparatus is mounted on wheels and adapted to be used on any ground
over which wheels can be moved. Its size, construction and power of resistance
can be varied according to the nature of the ground on which it is to be
employed.
My invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which
Fig. 1 is a side view in elevation; Fig. 2, a plan; Fig. 3, a side view in
elevation of a modification, and Fig. 4, a plan of such modification;
Figs. 5 and 6, diagrams to illustrate the mode of inscribing the distances, angles,
gradings and levels on recording plates, by the apparatus ;
Figs. 7, 8 and 9, details of the eccentric operating device.
Referring to the drawings, the apparatus is composed of a platform, P L, resting
on the shafts of four wheels. The front wheels are denoted by the letters, rr, and
the two rear wheels by R R. The circumference of each of these rear wheels
must be exact and specific, for example, of one, two or three metres. The front
wheels may be of any diameter desired but care niust be taken that they do not
come in contact with the platform.
S, S' are vertical supports situated on the center line of the platform.
Resting on a smaller platform, pl, which is supported on a sleeve over the shaft
of the front wheels, is a cog wheel, E, which at its center is fixed on a vertical
shaft, F. On the smaller platform, pl, is placed a pointer, a, forming a part of
the tongue, J, to which it is connected by a screw joint, c', and is adapted to
engage with the wheel, E. E and E are mitre wheels fixed on the upper part of
the shaft, F, to engage with the bevelled cog wheel, E2, carried at the end of a
horizontal shaft, F1, which has its opposite end fitted into a circular plate or disc, P.
The upright shaft, F, is fixed on the supports, S¹, by means of suitable bearings,
and carries at its top a plate D and sights, p. Ea is an eccentric fixed on the axle
of the hind wheels, and which, by means of a connecting rod, V, communicates an
Osciliating movement to the rocker shaft, c, which carries on its inner end a double
pawl, A, which engages with a cog wheel, R'. F2 is a horizontal shaft fitting into
bearings on the support, S, and carrying at one end a circular plate or disc, P¹.
A mitre wheel, E³, is fixed on the opposite end of this shaft near to the rear
wheels, R, and engages with a bevelled cog wheel, E4, on a shaft, f, placed at right
angles to shaft, F2, and supported in bearings, c², on supports S. A weight, P.
is
fixed on each end of this shaft, f, for the purpose of controlling the movement of
said shaft.
e,
T is an endless vertical screw which extends through the center of the cog

page_text: wheel, R', into socket piece, R². It is fixed rigidly in position on the center of the
platform, and its center exactly divides the space between the plates, P and P¹.
A nut, T', works along the entire length of the endless screw, T, and carries the
styles or pencils, 1, which impinge on the surfaces of the plates, P, P¹.
The impressions will be received on two zinc plates properly prepared, and
having the same diameter as the plates, P, P, to which they are secured by means
of springs, screws, etc.
The entire apparatus, excepting the wheels, may be covered with a box made of
any suitable material to preserve the apparatus from injury by the weather. An
aneroid barometer, a thermometer, a clock, and a compass are attached to this
apparatus. All these pieces or attachments may be placed wherever the
constructor of the machine deems most convenient.
The apparatus as thus far described may be considered as divided into two
parts the planometer, which registers the data of the polygon which it is proposed
to survey, and the automatic registering level, which shows the data with respect
to changes of level.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows:-
When the apparatus is moved forward by means of the tongue, J, the pointer, «,
is out of contact with the toothed wheel, E.
The eccentric, Ee, communicates its movement to the rocker shaft, c, by means
of the connecting rod, V, which movement rocks the pawl, A, engaging with the
toothed wheel, R. This movement turns the endless screw, T, by which the
nut, T, is drawn along the length of the screw. Either of the teeth of the pawl, A,
may be made to so engage with the toothed wheel, as may be desired, to produce a
rotary movement from right to left, or vice versa. The pawl may be set in or out
of contact with the cog wheel, R', by means of the set screw, a².
As the
Let it be supposed that it is desired to make a survey of any polygon, as is
shown in Fig. 5. The styles are placed at the center of the plates, P, P.
apparatus advances, the nut, T₁, descends the screw, T, and the style marks on
the plate, P, a straight line which is in proportion to the distance run, according
to the diameter of the rear wheels, which line is marked on Fig. 5 with the
numbers 1 and 2. On arriving at number 2, which is the termination of the first
line of the polygon, it is necessary to place the apparatus in such a position that its
line of center will exactly coincide with the line which has been run, which is done
by means of the sights, pon plate, D, carried at the top of the vertical shaft, F.
When placed in this position, the tongue, J, will be turned on its axis, which will
cause the screw, c', to push forward the pointer, a, until it engages with the toothed
wheel, E. When this is done, the tongue of the apparatus will be turned round
until it coincides with the new line of the polygon which is to be run over.
In this
rotary movement, the pointer, a, which is engaged with the toothed wheel, E,
obliges this wheel to turn, communicating its movement to the shaft, F, thence
to the mitre wheel, El, thence to the cog wheel, E², thence to the shaft, F', and
finally to the plate, P. An arc of a circle is thus described on the plate the
degrees of which are equal to those of the angle between the first line and the one
which is to be measured, and the radius of whose circle will be equal to the length
of the first of these two lines. This arc of a circle is shown in Fig. 5 by the
numbers, 2, 2¹.
When this is done it is only necessary to turn the tongue in a direction opposite
to the previous direction, to draw back the pointer from the cog wheel, bring the
tongue back to its former position, and to leave the plate, P, in the position which
was given to it on taking the angle, 2, 21. The whole apparatus is now drawn along
the new line which forms the second side of the polygon, and the nut, T', continues
its work of registering a straight line. This line is shown by the numbers, 2' 3.
Continuing the method above described, the polygon will be inscribed on the plate,
by a line composed of normals and curves, as appears in Fig. 5.
In order that the angles should be measured with the greatest exactness, the

page_text: mitre wheel, Es, on shaft, F, is provided, which engages with cog wheel, E³,
on horizontal shaft, F', and the exact augle obtained by aid of the sights, p, on
disc, D.
From the above explanation, it will be understood that if necessary, the use of
the pointer, the cog wheel, E, and the mitre wheel, E, might be dispensed with,
and the angles taken directly with the sights on the disc; it being noticed that,
after the measurement of the angle, this disc can be returned to its original
position without producing any effect on the shaft and on the cog wheels which
move the plate.
The plate which receives the impressions that record the change of level and
which is placed on the plate, P³, has a cross line already marked on it, and it
is placed on the plate in such a manner that the said center line occupies a vertical
position as shown in Fig. 6.
When the inclination of the ground changes, the four wheels take the new plane
of the surface, the weights take a vertical position by the force of gravity, and the
force which they produce in this movement is communicated to the shaft, f, the cog
wheel, E, the mitre wheel, E³, the shaft, F, and the plate, P', which latter is thus
turned on its center, the distance of an arc of a circle equal in degrees to the
inclination of the ground, bearing in mind the fact that the weights hang in
a position perpendicular to the horizontal plane and that the endless screw is
perpendicular to the surface of the same ground.
The center line which has now been deviated from by the inclination of the
apparatus, forms an angle, showing that inclination, with the line which is traced
by the style as the apparatus advances.
Each new slope that is passed over will be successively shown in the quadrant,
the marking of the style showing whether it is an ascent or a descent.
The above can be better understood by reference to Fig. 6, in which the first
slope is shown by numbers 1 and 2. The curve between the first and second slopes
is shown by numbers 2 2¹. The second slope is shown by numbers 213, the second
curve by 3 3', and so on.
In Figs. 3 and 4 a modification of the apparatus is shown in which the recording
plates of the apparatus are placed in a horizontal position, and P2 and P3 are the
plates which correspond to the plates P and P of the upright instrument. They
are placed within a frame, B, B, which is secured to the platform, PL. To the
center of the upper plate, P2, and rising at right angles to the same, is the shaft, F³,
carrying the sight plate, D, and the sights, pl, at its upper end, and which when
rotated turn the plate, P².
The endless screw, T2, which is also placed in a horizontal position, passes
between the two plates, P2 P3, and receives its rotary motion from the eccentric, E,
situated at the rear and center of the platform and at right angles to the said screw.
This eccentric, instead of having a connecting rod, has a rack bar, Cr, which is
adapted to engage with the cog wheel, R³, carried on the endless screw, T2. The
details of this eccentric are shown in Figs. 7, 8 and 9.
As shown in Fig. 9, the eccentric is placed on the axle of the motor wheels at the
point, E. An endless screw,
engaging with the axle, in turning, compels this
axle to approach, more or less the point, c', which is the center of the eccentric.
The scale which is shown in the same figure is that which denotes the extent of the
eccentric motion that may be regulated by the screw, t.
Figs. 7 and 8 are vertical sections, showing the position of the rack bar, Cr, with
respect to the cog wheel, R³, and the smaller cogwheels, 24.
When the movement of the rack bar is caused by means of the eccentric, it
engages the cog wheel, R³, to an extent according to the degree of the eccentric
motion. A tappet, u, is attached to the cog wheel, R3, on each side thereof, and is
adapted to engage with the small cog wheel, 4, which is fixed on the endless
screw, T. The cog wheel, R³, is free to rotate on the screw shaft, T2, and its
rovement is controlled solely by the rack bar. On the movement of the rack bar,
the cog wheel, R³, carries forward the tappet, u, which engages with the cog

page_text: wheel,, thus turning the screw, T².
cog wheel,, and prevents its return.
But one tappet is employed at a time, with its corresponding cog wheel and
detent. The other tappet is placed out of engagement with its cog wheel until the
nut, T, has run the length of the endless screw, or as far as it is requisite that it
should run, in accordance with the scale on which the work is being done. Then
the tappet first used is disengaged from its cog wheel and the other tappet placed
in engagement with the other cog wheel, whereupon the movement of the ei.dless
screw is reversed and the nut begins its return journey thereon.
A. detent, U, engages with the teeth of the
When, during the revolution of the eccentric, the rack bar makes its return
movement, it is obvious that neither one of the tappets engages with either of the
small cog wheels and hence the screw, T2, is not turned. Therefore, the distance
traversed by the apparatus while the rack bar is returning is not inscribed on the
recording plates, but since this unrecorded distance is a known quantity, the
actual distance traversed may be ascertained by a simple calculation.
From the above statement it will be seen that whether one or other of the cog
wheels receives its motion by means of the tappets, u, (which can be placed as
desired), the endless screw receives a rotary motion on its own axis, from right to
Jeft or vice versa, according to which tappet is being used, and that the greater or
less degree of eccentric motion obliges the nut, T', to run the whole length of the
endless screw, more or less; this point being determined by the scale on which it is
desired to work. In order to work with different scales with the eccentric shown
in Fig. 1, it is only necessary to transfer that eccentric to the slot, », on the axle,
which carries the connecting rod, V, and the end of the latter which is fixed in the
rocker, c. is then secured by means of the button. e. The nearer the eccentric is
placed to the center line of the apparatus, the greater will be the number of teeth
with which the pawl, A, engages on the cog wheel.
.
Whatever may be the form of the instrument, it may be provided with different
eccentrics of different diameters, as well as several endless screws of different
speeds. With a proper supply of these, drawings can be obtained of all the scales
that may be required.
In order to make the profile with
smaller vertical scale than the horizontal, it
is only necessary to change the diameter of the mitre wheels in such a way that the
one which corresponds to the weights should be heavier than the one which carries
the shaft of the plate.
The relation between these mite wheels can be one to two, one to three, etc.
In order to construct the polygon with the data shown in Fig. 5, it will be
required to draw from the point 2, a line parallel to the line, 213, and of the
same length, and from the end of that line to draw another parallel to 3' 4, etr.
In order to construct the profile with the data shown in Fig. 6 it is required to
draw parallel lines in the way described in the previous paragraph.
In the case of the modification, the movements of the automatic registering level
are the same as those explained with reference to the apparatus in Figs. 1 and 2,
with the exception, that as the endless screw is in a horizontal position, it is
parallel to the surface of the ground, while the weights are perpendicular to
the horizontal plane. The data thus obtained are also the same as those shown in
Fig. 6.
Provision may be so made in both forms of the apparatus, that when the style
has reached the end of the plate or the paper thereon, au electric circuit is closed,
which rings a bell, and notifies the operator of the necessity of changing the paper,
as well as that of changing the rotary motion of the endless screw, whether by
means of one of the teeth of the pawl, c, in Fig. 1, or by means of one of the tappets,
shown in Figs. 7 and 8.
The marking points can be either lead pencils, slate pencils, stylographs, steel
points or anything else of that class, according to whether the leaf which is
employed is of common paper, slate paper, etc. When a steel point is used, it can
be combined with zine plates, tin plates or any other material, with a coating

page_text: of common varnish, or of other material which will bear scratching and will, show
the impression.
The weights, Pe, which give the inclination of the ground, sometimes oscillate
with the motion of the instrument, or when the latter moets an obstacle. This
oscillation is communicated to the plate and is consequently impressed on the leaf,
by small segments of a circle, according to the violence of the oscillation. In order
to obtain in these cases, the line which really shows the slope of the ground, it is
only necessary to take the mean line of the oscillations. These oscillations will
also be in proportion to the velocity with which the instrument is drawn.."
In case the oscillations are very violent through the roughness of the ground, it
will be found convenient to do the work on a small scale; so as to get more exactness
in the results.
The differences of level in the apparatus having vertical plates is equal to the
sine of the angle which the slope forins with the center line; and in the apparatus
with horizontal plates, it is equal to the sine of the complementary angle which is
thus formed.
I, DOMINGO ARÁMBURN, of No. 10 Calle Nueva, in the City of Mexico,
Mexico, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
ן'
My invention relates to surveying instruments, and consists of an instrument not
only for measuring distances, as an odometer, but for automatically plotting,..
grading, levelling and recording this and other data connected with topographical
surveys and partial planometry. In view of the various uses to which the
instrument may be put I have designated it as the "Autotaquigrafometro."
.
The apparatus is mounted on wheels and adapted to be used on any ground over.
which wheels can be moved. Its size, construction and power of resistance can be
varied according to the nature of the ground on which it is to be employed.
My invention is illustrated in the drawings filed with the Provisional Specifica-,
tion, in which
Figure 1 is a side view in elevation; Figure 2, a plan; Figure 3, a side view in
elevation of a modification, and Figure 4, a plan of such modification;
Figures 5 and 6, diagrams to illustrate the mode of inscribing the distances,
angles, gradings and levels on recording plates, by the apparatus;
Figures 7, 8 and 9, details of the eccentric operating device.
Referring to the drawings, the apparatus is composed of a platform, PL, resting
on the shafts of four wheels. The front wheels are denoted by the letters, rr, and
the two rear wheels by R R. The circumference of each of these rear wheels must
be exact and specific, for example, of one, two or three metres. The front wheels
may be of any diameter desired but care must be taken that they do not come in
contact with the platform.
S, S' are vertical supports situated on the centre line of the platform.
.F
Resting on a smaller platform; pl, which is supported on a sleeve over the shaft
of the front wheels, is a cog wheel, E. which at its centre is fixed on a vertical.
shaft, F. On the smaller platform, pl, is placed a pointer, a, forming a part of the
}

page_text: tongue, J, to which it is connected by a screw joint, c¹, and is adapted to engage
with the wheel, E. E' and Es are mitre wheels fixed on a sleeve which slides over
a reduced portion of the upper part of the shaft F. These wheels can be fixed in
position by means of a set-screw so that either of them engages with the bevelled
rog wheel, E, which is carried at the end of a horizontal shaft, F', which has its
opposite end fitted into a circular plate or disc, P. The upright shaft, F, is fixed
on the supports, S', by means of suitable bearings, and carries at its top a plate D
and sights, p.
Ex is an eccentric fixed on the axle of the hind wheels, and which,
by means of a connecting rod, V, cominunicates an oscillating movement to the
rocker shaft, c, which carries on its inner end a double pawl, A, which engages with
a cog wheel, R¹.
F2 is a horizontal shaft fitting into bearings on the support, S,
and carrying at one end a circular plate or disc, P¹. A mitre wheel, E³, is fixed on
the opposite end of this shaft near to the rear wheels, R, and engages with a bevelled
cog wheel, E, on a shaft, f, placed at right angles to shaft, F, and supported in
bearings, c², on supports S. A weight, Pe, is fixed on each end of this shaft, f, for
the purpose of controlling the movement of said shaft.
T is an endless vertical screw which has a lower plain portion extending through
the centre of the cog wheel, R', and keyed thereto, into socket piece, R². This
socket piece is fixed rigidly in position on the centre of the platform, leaving the
screw free to revolve and its centre exactly divides the space between the plates, P
and P. A nut, T', works in guides which are not shewn along the entire length
of the endless screw, T, and carries the styles or pencils, L, which impinge on the
surfaces of the plates, P, P¹.
The impressions will be received on two zinc plates properly prepared, and
having the same diameter as the plates, P, P¹, to which they are secured by means
of springs, screws, or the like.
The entire apparatus, excepting the wheels, may be covered with a box inade of
any suitable material to preserve the apparatus from injury by the weather. An
aneroid barometer, a thermometer, a clock, and a compass are attached to this
apparatus. All these pieces or attachments may be placed wherever the constructor
of the machine deems most convenient.
The apparatus as thus far described may be considered as divided into two
parts the planimeter, which registers the data of the polygon which it is proposed
to survey, and the automatic registering level, which shows the data with respect
to changes of level.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows:-
-
When the apparatus is moved forward by means of the tongue, J, the pointer, a,
is out of contact with the toothed wheel, E.
The eccentric, E., communicates its inovement to the rocker shaft, e, by means
of the connecting rd, V, which movement rocks the pawl, A, engaging with the
toothed wheel, R. This movement turns the endless screw T, by which the
nut, T', is drawn along the length of the screw. Either of the teeth of the pawl, A,
may be inade to so engage with the toothed wheel, as may be desired, to produce a
rotary movement from right to left, or rire rerså. The pawl may be set in or out
of contact with the eug wheel, R', by means of the set screw, a².
Let it be supposed that it is desired to make a survey of any polygon, as is shown
in Figure 5. The styles are placed at the centre of the plates, P, P. As the
apparatus advances, the nut, T", descends the screw, T, and the style marks on the
plate, P, a straight line which is in proportion to the distance run, according to
the diameter of the rear wheels, which line is marked on Figure 5 with the
numbers and 2. On arriving at number 2, which is the termination of the first
line of the polygon, it is necessary to place the apparatus in such a position that its
line of centre will exactly coincide with the line which has been run, which is done
by means of the sights, p, on plate, D, carried at the top of the vertical shaft, F.
When placed in this position, the tongue, J, should then be turned on its axis,
which will cause the screw, c', to push forward the pointer, a, until it engages with
the toothed wheel, E. When this is done, the tongue of the apparatus will be

page_text: turned round until it coincides with the new line of the polygon which is to be run
over. In this rotary movement, the pointer, a, which is engaged with the toothed
wheel, E, obliges this wheel to turn, communicating its movement to the shaft, F,
thence to the mitre wheel, E', thence to the cog wheel, E, thence to the shaft, F',
and finally to the plate, P. An arc of a circle is thus described on the plate the
degrees of which are equal to those of the angle between the first line and the one
which is to be measured, and the radius of whose circle will be equal to the length
of the first of these two lines. This arc of a circle is shown in Figure 5 by the
numbers, 2, 2¹
When this is done it is only necessary to turn the tongue in a direction opposite
to the previous direction, to draw back the pointer from the cog wheel, bring the
tougue back to its former position, and to leave the plate, P, in the position which
was given to it on taking the angle, 2, 21. The whole apparatus is now drawn
along the new line which forms the second side of the polygon, and the nut, T',
continues its work of registering a straight line. This line is shown by the
numbers, 21 3. Continuing the method above described, the polygon will be
inscribed on the plate, by a line composed of normals and curves, as appears in
Figure 5.
In order that the angles should be measured with the greatest exactness, the
mitre wheel, E, on shaft, F, is provided, which is made to engage with cog
wheel, E2, on horizontal shaft, F1, the mitre wheel E' being thrown out of gear
with wheel E2 and the exact angle obtained by aid of the.sights, p, on disc, D.
From the above explanation, it will be understood that if necessary, the use of
the pointer, the cog wheel, E, and the mitre wheel, E', might be dispensed with,
and the angles taken directly with the sights on the disc; it being noticed that,
after the measurement of the angle, this disc can be returned to its original position
without producing any effect on the shaft and on the cog wheels which move the
plate.
The plate which receives the impressions that record the change of level and
which is placed on the plate, P', has a cross line already marked on it, and it is
placed on the plate in such a manner that the said centre line occupies a vertical
position as shown in Figure 6.
When the inclination of the ground changes, the four wheels take the new plane
of the surface, the weights take a vertical position by the force of gravity, and the
force which they produce in this movement is communicated to the shaft, /, the cog
wheel, E, the mitre wheel, E³, the shaft, F, and the plate, P³, which latter is thus
turned on its centre, the distance of an arc of a circle equal in degrees to the
change of inclination of the ground, bearing in mind the fact that the weights hang
in a position perpendicular to the horizontal plane and that the endless screw is
perpendicular to the surface of the same ground.
The centre line which has now been deviated from by the inclination of the
apparatus, forms an angle, showing that inclination, supposing the first position
was horizontal with the line which is traced by the style as the apparatus
advances.
"
Each new slope that is passed over will be successively shown in the quadrant,
the marking of the style showing whether it is an ascent or a descent.
The above can be better understood by reference to Figure 6, in which the first
slope is shown by numbers 1 and 2. The curve between the first and second slopes
is shown by numbers 2 21. A level space is shown by numbers 21 3, the inclination
of the next slope by 3 31 & its length by 3' 4, and so on.
In Figures 3 and 4 a modification of the apparatus is shown in which the
recording plates of the apparatus are placed in a horizontal position, and P
and P3 are the plates which correspond to the plates P and P of the upright
instrument. They are placed within a fraine, B, B, which is secured to the
platform, PL. To the centre of the upper plate, P2, and rising at right angles to
the same, is the shatt, F³, carrying the sight plate, D, and the sights, p, at its.
upper end, and which when rotated turn the plate, P2.

page_text: The endless screw, T2, which is also placed in a horizontal position, passes
between the two plates, P2 P3, and receives its rotary motion from the eccentric, E.,
situated at the rear and centre of the platform and at right angles to the said
This eccentric, instead of having a connecting rod, has a rack bar, Cr,
which is adapted to engage with the cog wheel, R³, carried on the enlless screw, T
The details of this eccentric are shown in Figures 7, 8 and 9.
screw.
As shown in Figure 9, the eccentric is placed on the axle of the motor wheels at
the point, E. An endless screw, t, engaging with the axle, in turning, compels this
axle to approach, more or less, the point, c, which is the centre of the eccentric.
The scale which is shown in the same figure is that which denotes the extent of the
eccentric motion that may be regulated by the screw, t.
Figures 7 and 8 are vertical sections, showing the position of the rack bar, Cr,
with respect to the cog wheel, R, and the smaller cog wheels, rt.
When the movement of the rack bar is caused by means of the eccentric, it
engages the cog wheel, R³, to an extent according to the degree of the eccentric
motion. A tappet, u, is attached to the cog wheel, R³, on each side thereof, and is
adapted to engage with the small cog wheel, 4, which is fixed on the endless
screw, T.
The cog wheel, R³, is free to rotate on the screw shaft, T2, and its
movement is controlled solely by the rack bar. On the movement of the rack
bar, the cog wheel, R³, carries forward the tapoet, u, which engages with the
cog wheel,, thus turning the screw, T. A detent, U, engages with the teeth of
the cog wheel, rt, and prevents its return.
Then
But one tappet is employed at a time, with its corresponding cog wheel and
detent. The other tappet is placed out of engagement with its cog wheel until the
nut, T, has run the length of the endless screw, or as far as it is requisite that it
should run, in accordance with the scale on which the work is being done.
the tappet first used is disengaged from its cog wheel and the other tappet placed
in engagement with the other cog wheel, whereupon the movement of the endless
screw is reversed and the nut begins its return journey thereon.
When, during the revolution of the eccentric, the rack bar makes its return
movement, it is obvious that neither one of the tappets engages with either of the small
cog wheels and hence the screw, T, is not turned. Therefore, the distance traversed
by the apparatus while the rack bar is returning is not inscribed
recording plates, but since this unrecorded distance is a known quantity, the
actual distance traversed may be ascertained by a simple calculation.
on the
From the above statement it will be seen that whether one or other of the cog
wheels receives its motion by means of the tap; ets, w, (which can be placed as
desired), the endless screw receives a rotary motion on its own axis, from right to left
or vice versa, according to which tappet is being used, and that the greater or less
degree of eccentric motion obliges the nut, T', to run the whole length of the
endless screw, more or less; this point being determined by the scale on which it is
desired to work. In order to work with different scales with the cecentric shown
in Figure 1, it is only necessary to move that eccentric along the slut, r', on the axle,
which eccentric carries the connecting rod, V, and the end of the latter which is
fixed in the rocker, c, is then secured by means of the button, . The nearer the
eccentric is placed to the centre line of the apparatus, the greater will be the
number of teeth with which the pawl, A, engages on the cog wheel.
Whatever may be the form of the instrument, it may be provided with different
eccentrics of different diameters, as well as several endless screws of different speeds.
With a proper supply of these, drawings can be obtained on any scale that may be
required.
In order to make the profile with a smaller vertical scale than the horizontal, it
only necessary to change the diameter of the mitre wheels in such a way that the
one which corresponds to the weights should be greater than the one which carries
the shaft of the plate.
The relation between these mitre wheels can be one to two, one to three,
ct cetera.

page_text: in order to construct the polygon with the data shown in Figure 5, it will be
required to draw from the point 2, a line parallel to the line, 2' 3, and of the
same length, and from the end of that line to draw another parallel to 31 4,
et cetera.
In order to construct the profile with the data shown in Figure 6 it is required
to draw parallel lines in the way described in the previous paragraph.
In the case of the modification, the movements of the automatic registering level
are the same as those explained with reference to the apparatus in Figures 1 and 2,
with the exception, that as the endless screw is in a horizontal position, it is
parallel to the surface of the ground, while the weights are perpendicular to the
horizontal plane. The data thus obtained are also the same as those shown in
Figure 6.
Provision may be so made in both forms of the apparatus, that when the style.
has reached the end of the plate or the paper thereon, an electric circuit is closed,
which rings a bell, and notifies the operator of the necessity of changing the paper,
as well as that of changing the rotary motion of the endless screw, whether by
means of one of the teeth of the pawl, c, in Figure 1, or by means of one of the
tappets, shown in Figures 7 and 8.
The marking points can be either lead pencils, slate pencils, stylographs, steel
points or anything else of that class, according to whether the leaf which is
employed is of common paper, slate paper, or the like. When a steel point is used,
it can be combined with zinc plates, tin plates or any other material, with a coating
of common varnish, or of other material which will bear scratching and will show
the impression.
The weights, Pe, which give the inclination of the ground, sometimes oscillate
with the motion of the instrument, or when the latter meets an obstacle. This
oscillation is communicated to the plate and is consequently impressed on the leaf,
by small segments of a circle, according to the violence of the oscillation. In order
to obtain in these cases, the line which really shows the slope of the ground, it is
only necessary to take the mean line of the oscillations. These oscillations will also
be in proportion to the velocity with which the instrument is drawn.
In case the oscillations are very violent through the roughness of the ground, it
will be found convenient to do the work on a small scale, so as to get more exactness
in the results.
The differences of level in the apparatus having vertical plates is equal to the
sine of the angle which the slope forms with the center line; and in the apparatus
with horizontal plates, it is equal to the sine of the complementary angle which is
thus formed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a surveying and measuring instrument mounted upon wheels, the
combination with suitable supports, of two recording discs or plates, a separate
independent shaft for each of said dises or plates, having hearings in said supports,
an endless screw placed between said discs or plates, a nut adapted to move on said
screw provided with opposite styles to record lines on the opposite discs, and an
eccentric and cog wheel mechanism connecting the axle of one set of wheels and
the said screw, whereby the nut carrying the styles is carried to and fro on said
screw to record lines on said plates, substantially as described.
2. In a surveying and measuring instrument mounted on wheels, the combination
with an eccentric driving mechanism connected to the axle of the hind wheels by
which it is actuated, of a screw shaft provided with a cog wheel to engage with
an arm from said eccentric, said screw provided with a travelling nut, having a
stylus, and a plate or disc against which said stylus is pressed to receive a straight
line marked upon the plate by said stylus, substantially as described.
3. In a surveying and measuring instrument mounted on wheels, the combination
R

page_text: with a recording plate carried upon the end of a shaft, the opposite end of said
shaft provided with a cog wheel, a second shaft provided with a cog wheel to engage
the former wheel, a suspended weight on said shaft, a stylus and its support in
front of said plate, whereby, when the apparatus, in moving, is carried off a level
surface, said weight by the force of gravity actuates the shaft on which the plate
is mounted so as to rotate the said plate and record the leveling data, substantially
as described.
4. In a surveying and measuring apparatus mounted on wheels, the combination
with the axle of the front wheels, of a platform mounted thereon, a pointer on said
platform, a pivoted tongue adapted to connect with said pointer, a vertical shaft
provided at its lower end with a cog wheel adapted to engage with said pointer, a cog
wheel on the upper portion of said shaft, a recording plate, a shaft carrying and
rotating said plate, and provided at its opposite end with a cog wheel to engage
the cog on said vertical shaft, and a stylus mounted in front of said plate, whereby
when the direction of the tongue is changed, the corresponding angle will be
marked on said plate, substantially as described.
CA1 1005
For the Applicant,
J. G. LORRAIN, M. Inst. E.E., M. Inst. M.E.,
Chartered Patent Agent.