Improvements in the Construction and Lubrication of Bearings.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Feb., 1896
Complete Specification Left. 18th Nov.. 1896--Accepted, 24th Dec., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Construction and Lubrication of Bearings.
1 JOHN EDWARD LIVSEY 34 Octavia Street Battersea S.W. Engineer,
Demonstrator in Mechanics and Mathematics Royal College of Science London
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
(1) Improvements in the construction of cylindrical, conical, and ball or roller
bearings for machines, shafting, footsteps, axles of vehicles and such like.
(2) An improved method of lubrication in which by means of ring or cup-
leathers and other similar appliances the bearings are made airtight, and supplied
with oil or other lubricant, which is retained in contact with the bearing surfaces
by means of the aforesaid ring or cup-leathers, and is so retained under pressures
varying from that of a nearly perfect vacuum to that of any desired or suitable
pressure.
I use the term cup or ring-leather as describing form rather than material,
which may be leather or any other suitable substance or substances. This improved
method of lubrication may be applied to all forms of bearings as enumerated in
paragraph (1) and to such like similar purposes.
The bearings enumerated in paragraph (1) are provided with suitable recesses
for the cup or ring-leathers, the outer casing being made in one or more peices.
If made in more than one peice, and the joint occurs in such a position as is not
covered by the cup or ring-leather the said joint is made airtight by packing or by
properly prepared surfaces being brought into contact by pressure.
Where ball or roller bearings are used the outer case is provided with suitable
apertures for the introduction of the balls or rollers into the bearing grooves, such
apertures being afterwards closed or sufficiently closed by either suitable covers or
by sliding the outer casing.
The inner bearing surface may be either a portion of the shaft or spindle or
where found desirable made separately and of the same or different materials.
When made seperate it is fixed in any desired position on the shaft by means of
keys or setscrews or by means of conical or other form of friction coupling keys,
which being brought together by a force only sufficient to overcome the friction of
the proper bearing surfaces may itself temporarily become the bearing surface
when the proper bearing surfaces are not in good working condition.
D
this 19th don of March 1896
JNO. E. LIVSEY.
Improvements in the Construction and Lubrication of Bearings.
I, JOHN EDWARD LIVSEY, of 34 Octavia Street, Battersea, London S.W.
Engineer, Demonstrator in Mechanics and Mathematics Royal College of Science
London, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:
Improvements in the construction of cylindrical, conical and ball or roller
bearings for machines, shafting, footsteps, axles of vehicles and such like.

page_text: An improved method of lubrication in which by means of ring or cup leathers
and other similar appliances the bearings are made airtight and supplied with oil
or other lubricant which is retained in contact with the bearing surfaces by means
of the aforesaid ring or cup leather, and can be so retained under pressure
varying from that of a nearly perfect. vacuum to that of any desired or suitable
pressure.
I use the term cup leather to describe form rather than material which may be
leather or any other substance or substances. This improved method of lubrication
may be applied to all forms of bearings as enumerated in the first paragraph and
such like similar purposes.
The bearings enumerated in the first paragraph are provided with suitable
recesses for the cup or ring leather the outer casing being made in one or more
pieces. If in more than one piece and the joint occurs in such a position as is not
covered by the eup or ring leather the said joint is made airtight by packing or by
properly prepared surfaces being brought in contact by pressure.
Where ball or roller bearings are used the outer case is provided with suitable
apertures for the introduction of the halls or rollers into the bearing grooves, such
apertures being afterwards closed or sufficiently closed by either suitable covers or
by sliding the outer casing.
The inner bearing surface may be either a portion of the shaft or spindle or
where found desirable made separately and of the same or different materials.
When made separate it is fixed in any desired position on the shaft by means of
keys or set screws or by means of conical or other friction coupling keys which
being brought in contact by a force only sufficient to overcome the friction of the
proper bearing surfaces may itself temporarily become the bearing when the proper
bearing surfaces are not in working condition.
In the accompanying five sheets of drawings similar letters refer to similar parts
throughout the several views.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 2 a plan partly in section,
illustrating a shaft in a plain bearing constructed for my improved method of
lubrication.
In these views,-a designates the shaft which may have collars a' thereon, as
shown, or may be without such collars, b the brasses or other bearing bushes, a the
outer casing within which they are fitted and d the cup or ring leathers placed at
either end of the bearing as shown. Oil or other lubricant is introduced to the
bearing through a hole in the outer casing and is confined within the bearing to
lubricate the shaft a and bushes b by the cup leathers d.
Figure 3 is a sectional elevation of a shaft in a ball bearing constructed according
to my invention.
In this view the cup leathers d are held in contact with the shaft a by a split
metal ring e and on the shatt are also fixed the collars a'. Between the collars a¹
and the bearing rings or bushes b are placed the ballsf which are introduced through
the holes e in the outer casing e which is moved endwise (or the shaft is moved
endwise) to leave sufficient space for the balls f to slip into position between the
parts a and b. Then the bearing is adjusted to the position shown in the drawing
and the cup leathers d are secured to the ends of the outer casing c by means of
the screws g and washers g'. Oil or other lubricant is introduced through the
holes c¹ which are then made up by means of screwed caps h.
Figures 4 and 5 are side and end sectional elevations respectively of an
alternative form of ball bearing. Fig. 6 is a plan of part of Fig. 4, and Figs. 7
and 8 are detail views of one of the parts.
In these views, the balls are placed between grooves in the shaft a and corro-
sponding grooves in the outer casing c being introduced through the holes c' in the
manner previously described. The cup leathers d are shown loose in this
arrangement but held in position by split spring rings e (shown in the detail views
Figs. 7 and 8). One of the holes e instead of being closed by a cap h. has a
lubricating device ; screwed to it, two different constructions of lubricator being

page_text: shown in the two Figs. 4 and 5. A pump may be applied to the opening made to
admit lubricant in order to put pressure on the lubricant and a safety valve, see
Fig. 5, may be employed. In Fig. 6 an adjustable screw stop is shown for moving
the casing c into the position shown in Fig. 4, after the balls have been inserted;
by means of the screw 7 the casing can also be adjusted as required.
Figure 9 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 10 an end view, one half in section,
of another form of bearing. Figure 11 is a plan of one half of Fig. 9, and
Figures 12 and 13 are detail views of one of the parts.
In these views the bushes b 62 68 although shown made in three parts are all
secured and rotate together and with the shaft a. The inner sleeve being split
as shown in Figs. 12 and 13 is drawn tightly on to the shaft a and its outer surface
being inclined upwards from each end towards the centre the parts b2b are
wedged upon it being drawn tightly together for that purpose by the right and
left hand screws m.
The outer casing c is made in two parts the edges of which overlap and a cup
leather d is placed between the two overlapping edges as shown. The two parts
of the outer casing c are fastened together by lock bolts or right and left hand
screws n as shown when the bearing is made up. The holes c¹ are preferably
closed by a screwed cap as in the preceding arrangements.
Figure 14 is a sectional elevation of the improved bearing as applied to a
vertical shaft and is so clear in view of what has been already described as to be
.
VA
Figures 15, 16 and 17 are sectional eleva
ructions of my
improved ball bearings particularly adapted for cycles, motor cars and the like as
well as for other purposes.
In each of these views a is the shaft, b (Fig. 15) the boss or centre portion of a
cycle wheel, b (Fig. 16) the pedal bearing of a cycle, and b (Fig. 17) a bearing for
an ordinary shaft. In each bearing an oil reservoir p is employed and the balls f
are contained between a screwed cap 9 and a prepared surface on b, or a ring
secured to b, the ring or cup leathers d are each secured by a rings which is
screwed upon the caps q.
The oil reservoir p is so arranged that a pump can be applied to it to force in the
lubricant under pressure.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The combination with the bearing of a rotating or oscillating shaft or spindle,
of an arrangement of cup or ring leathers for confining the lubricant introduced to
said bearing substantially as herein set forth.
2. The several combinations with the brasses or bushes and the outer casings c
of a shaft or spindle, of the cup leathers d and balls f substantially as herein set
forth.
3. The several constructions combinations and arrangements of parts embodying
my improvements in the construction and lubrication of bearings substantially as
berein described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 16th day of November 1896.
H. B. BARLOW & GILLETT,
17 St. Ann's Square, Manchester, Agents for Applicant.