IM- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ASCERTAINING THE ELONGATION AND REDUCTION. OF AREA OF METALS UNDER TENSILE STRAINS
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joshua Jeavons, of Millwall Steel and Iron
Works, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of " IM-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ASCERTAINING THE ELONGATION AND REDUCTION.
OF AREA OF METALS UNDER TENSILE STRAINS."
Sealed the 27th June 1871, and dated the 4th January 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joshua Jeavons at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th January 1871.
I, JOSHUA JEAVONS, of Millwall Steel and Iron Works, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of my said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ASCERTAINING THE ELON-
GATION AND REDUCTION OF AREA OF METALS UNDER TENSILE STRAINS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in the application and use of a steam hammer
to and in the pulling asunder longitudinally of a bar of steel, iron, or
other metal for the purpose of testing its quality, and of ascertaining
the amount of elongation and reduction of arca which it undergoes
before fracture.

page_text: .
In carrying out this Invention one end of the bar or piece of metal
to be tested is firmly secured by wedges or otherwise in a transverse
block or strong cross beam which rests at each end upon strong
stationary supports. The opposite end of the bar to be tested is secured
into another transverse block or strong cross beam, which has no other
support beyond that due to its suspension by the bar to be tested. This
suspended block is so situated beneath the head of a steam hammer as
that it can be submitted either directly or with the intervention of other
blocks placed thereon to the blows of the said steam hammer, the said
blows exerting a longitudinal tensile strain upon the bar or other piece
of metal to be tested.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Joshua Jeavons in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 4th July 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSHUA
JEAVONS, of Millwall Steel and Iron Works, in the County of Middlesex,
send greeting.
.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-fourth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Joshua Jeavons, Her special licence that I, the
said Joshua Jeavons, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Joshua Jeavons, my executors, administrators, or
assigns, shall at any time agree with; and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
ASCERTAINING THE ELONGATION AND REDUCTION OF AREA OF METALS UNDER
TENSILE STRAINS," upon the condition, amongst others, that I, the said
Joshua Jeavons, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, or under the hand and seal, or under
the hand and seal of one of them, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great

page_text: Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joshua Jeavons, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawing and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to
say:
-
My said Invention consists in the application and use of a steam
hammer to and in the pulling asunder longitudinally of a bar of steel,
iron, or other metal for the purpose of testing its quality, and of ascer-
taining the amount of elongation and reduction of area which it
undergoes before fracture.
In carrying out this Invention one end of the bar or piece of metal
to be tested is firmly secured by wedges or otherwise in a transverse
block or strong cross beam which rests at each end upon strong
stationary supports. The opposite end of the bar to be tested is secured
into another transverse block or strong cross beam, which has no other
support beyond that due to its suspension by the bar to be tested. This
suspended block is so situate beneath the head of a steam hammer
as that it can be submitted either directly or with the intervention of
other blocks placed thercon to the blows of the said steam hammer, the
said blows exerting a longitudinal tensile strain upon the bar or other
piece of metal to be tested.
L
may
And in order that said Invention
my
be fully understood I shall
now proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that
purpose shall refer to the several Figures on the annexed Sheet of
Drawings, the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts
in all the Figures.
Figure 1 of my Drawings represents a front elevation of onc arrange-
ment for carrying out my Invention; Figure 2 is a vertical section
taken at right angles to Figure 1; and Figure 3 is a sectional plan.
"
A is the present anvil block of a steam hammer, and B is an additional
block of cast iron, and made in halves if desired, which is to be fitted
on to the anvil block when required for use by the dovetail and wedges.
as shewn in Figure 1, or in any other convenient manner. The two
sides C, C, of the block B extend upwards so as to leave a hollow or

page_text: space between them, as shewn clearly in Figure 1, and upon these
supports C, C, rests the transverse block or strong cross beam D. In the
centre of this cross beam D there is formed a conical hole, into which
are fitted two or more steel wedge pieces a, a, (four wedges are repre-
sented in the plan, Figure 3); these wedges a may be serrated at their
inner or converging faces, as, shewn in Figure 2, in order to grip firmly
and securely the upper end of the bar or bolt E to be tested. In the
lower end of this bar or bolt E there is suspended by a corresponding
arrangement of wedges b, b, the transverse block or strong cross beam F,
on each end of which are fitted by dowels or otherwise the blocks G, G,
extending clear above the stationary cross beam D; across these two
blocks G there is fitted another transverse block or beam H; this block H
receives the direct blows of the steam hammer, which may be of any
of the constructions now in common use. It will be obvious on referring
to the Drawings that the blow of the hammer will be transmitted
directly through the side blocks G, G, to the cross beam or block F, and
thence to the bar or bolt E, which will consequently be elongated by
the force of the blow.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to
be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me
by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the mode or
method of and means for pulling asunder longitudinally a bar of steel,
iron, or other metal with a view to testing its quality and ascertaining
the amount of elongation and reduction of area which it undergoes
before fracture by the aid of a steam hammer, substantially as herein-
before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joshua Jeavons, have to this my
Specification set my hand and scal, this
day of July
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.