matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING WATER TO WATER- CLOSETS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Warner and Thomas
Clark at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 8th July 1861.
We, FREDERICK WARNER, of the Crescent, Jewin Street, and THOMAS
CLARK, of Baldwin Street, City Road, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING WATER TO WATER-
CLOSETS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for supplying
water to waterclosets. For these purposes, and in order to insure that only a
determined quantity of water shall be supplied to the basin of the watercloset
each time the closet is used, the following combination of apparatus is
applied:-The water from the source of supply is received into a small vessel,
which is preferred to be of a a semi-cylindrical form, with axes or necks at the
ends, which turn in suitable bearings in an outer cistern or vessel of some-
what larger dimensions than the inner one, which receives the water from the
source of supply. At the bottom or lower part of the outer vessel is an outlet
with a pipe communicating with the basin of the watercloset, and it is pre-
ferred that this outlet at the bottom of the outer vessel should be conical.
The inner vessel, which first receives the water, is arranged to be tilted by the
ordinary handle of the watercloset, or by other means, by which the contents
of such inner vessel will be emptied into the outer vessel, and such water will
descend into the basin of the watercloset so soon as the inner vessel has again

page_text: assumed its horizontal position, but the water will not flow from the outer
vessel to the watercloset before the inner vessel assumes its correct position,
by reason of there being a valve in the outlet which is in connection with the
inner vessel, and which is closed till that vessel assumes a position again to
receive a fresh supply of water. The water is supplied to the inner vessel
from the main or other source of supply by means of a valve, which is, by
preference, regulated by a float in such manner that as soon as there is a
proper supply of water in the inner vessel, the float shuts off the further.
supply, and when such inner vessel is tilted, the float when used is retained in
such position as to prevent the valve or plug on the supply pipe opening till
the inner vessel has emptied its contents, and has again assumed a horizontal
or correct position to be again supplied with water. When a float is not used,
the supply valve or plug is to be regulated by other means.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR PRODUCING COLORING MATTERS OR PIGMENTS FROM MANGANESE
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
August 1861. A communication from abroad by Paul Morin, of
No. 45, Rue St. Sebastien, Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR PRODUCING COLORING MATTERS
OR PIGMENTS FROM MANGANESE," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the production of a green color or pigment by the
treatment of oxide of manganese. Protoxide of manganese is transformed
into a crystalline transparent substance, and takes a very rich green color and
diamond-like brilliancy when treated with hydrochloric acid in a gaseous state,
in the following manner, which may, however, be modified according to
circumstances. For the purpose of producing the protoxide, any oxide of
manganese is to be treated by a reducing gas in a suitable vessel. When
the oxide of manganese has been thus converted into a protoxide, it is to be
well calcined in an atmosphere charged with hydrochloric acid. The man-
ganese employed may either be any natural oxide or revivified oxide. The
presence of a large quantity of lime in the products must be avoided,
although the presence of that alkali is not an obstacle to the formation of
the manganese green. The reducing gas may either consist of hydrogen or a
mixture of hydrogen and carbonic oxide. The hydrochloric acid may be
introduced into the apparatus either in a gaseous state, or in the state of

page_text: solution in water, which solution is evaporated under the influence of the
high temperature which it is necessary to produce. The aqueous solution will
be especially preferable when charcoal is employed as the reducing agent.
Manganese green may always be produced by calcining any oxide, or even a
suitable salt having manganese for its base in a reducing atmosphere saturated
with hydrochloric acid gas at a bright red heat. The pigment or coloring
matter thus produced may be applied to painting, dyeing, and the decorative
arts, and may also be employed for industrial purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SOUNDING FOG BELLS AND OTHER BELLS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Potts at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd July
1861.
I, JAMES POTTS, of Flint Street, Old Kent Road, in the County of
Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SOUNDING FOG BELLS AND OTHER BELLS," to
be as follows:-
My improvements consist in producing a more full and clear sound from
the bell, when struck, without any variation in intensity than can be obtained
by any other plan hitherto employed. My improved machinery for the
purpose may be described as follows:-An upright standard, having in suitable
bearings a spindle, carries thereupon a weighted lever, to which is attached a
segment of a tooth wheel gearing in with a pinion, to which pinion motion
is imparted by means of a clock machine. To the weight is connected by
means of a lever a shaft working horizontally in two standard brackets; this
shaft comes in contact with the clapper of the bell to be sounded.
The action of my improved machinery is as follows:-The pinion herein-
before mentioned, acting upon the segment of the wheel, carries it up to a
certain height, and with it the weighted lever, where it is released, and in
falling its action drives the horizontal shaft suddenly against the clapper, by
this means striking the bell, and producing the desired sound. I release the
weighted lever upon its arrival at the necessary height by means of a friction
pulley attached to the pinion, which working up an inclined plane upon a

page_text: bracket, forces the pinion out of gear. In order to avoid the effect of recoil
upon the machinery consequent upon the release of the weight, I attach to the
pinion a stop or finger piece, which comes into contact with a spring stop,
down which it slides into gear again. I use the segment of wheel and the
weighted lever, either fixed together or separately, by their working upon
different centres.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN NECK-TIES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Paterson at the Office of
the, Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th May
1861.
I, JOHN PATERSON, of Wood Street, in the City of London, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
NECK-TIES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the adaptation to neck-ties.of a metal buckle, slide,
or clasp, to be substituted for the ordinary knot or bow, the metal buckle,
slide, or clasp being provided at back with two loops, through one of which, on
one side, one end of the tie is passed, and then folded backwards, and through
the other loop on the opposite side the remaining end of the tie is passed, and
also folded backward.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COOLING THE WATER EMPLOYED FOR CONDENSING STEAM OR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Napier at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th September
1861.
I, JOHN NAPIER, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COOLING THE WATER EMPLOYED FOR CONDENSING STEAM OR
OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a method of cooling the water used in the con-
densation of steam or other vapour, so that after the water has been mixed
with and heated by the condensation of steam or other vapour by the ordinary
jet condenser, it may be used over and over again for condensing purposes.
For the purpose of carrying out my Invention I take the water after it has
been discharged from the condenser and let it flow into a trough placed on
the top, or forming part of a box or chest. In the bottom of this trough or
shallow box a number of tubes are placed passing perpendicularly or other-
wise through holes made in the bottom of the trough, and descending to some
distance towards the bottom of the chest or box. These tubes, which are open
at the top, where they fit into the tube, plate, or bottom of the trough, may
be made of any porous material, or they may be made of any non-porous
material, having small perforations all over them, through which the water
can ooze or percolate; or they may be made of any woven material, such as
wire, gauze, flannel, canvass, or other material, or of a combination of any of
them. Through the box or chest in which these tubes are suspended, so as to

page_text: reach some distance towards the bottom, a current of cold air is forced or
drawn by means of fanners or other suitable means, which current of cold air
coming in contact with the water, as it drips or percolates through the sus-
pended tubes, cools it, so that it can be forthwith used again for the purpose of
condensation.
AN IM- PROVED CONSTRUCTION OF PADDLE WHEELS FOR VESSELS PROPELLED BY STEAM OR OTHER MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Cooke and Francis Squire
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
28th November 1861.
We, WILLIAM COOKE, of 26, Spring Gardens, Civil Engineer, and FRANCIS
SQUIRE, of Fleet Street, London, Civil Engineer, both in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IM-
PROVED CONSTRUCTION OF PADDLE WHEELS FOR VESSELS PROPELLED BY STEAM OR
OTHER MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in so adjusting the floats that instead of entering
into and rising from the water at certain angles, they have a perpendicular
action, and thus avoid the usual surge or back water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. left by Sir John Hare (Knight) at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th July 1861.
I, Sir JOHN HARE (Knight), of Hardelot Castle, Pas de Calais, in the
Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in manufacturing and baking sugar in blocks, either
square, round, oval, hexagon, octagon, or other regular shape, and of various
sizes, and of uniform weight according to the purpose for which they are
intended, and casting them in moulds of metal, glass, china, or other suitable
material, when they may be colored to any desired tint as fancy may suggest;
the object being to produce sugar in suitably given sized blocks of uniform
weight, more particularly adapted for domestic purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ADAPTATION OF PLATES OF IRON AND OTHER METAL IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF DWELLING HOUSES, FENCES, PARTS OF CARRIAGES OR VEHICLES, AND IN OTHER STRUCTURES OR CON- STRUCTIONS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philip Henry Williams at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th May 1861.
I, PHILIP HENRY WILLIAMS, of Bristol, Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ADAPTATION OF
PLATES OF IRON AND OTHER METAL IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF DWELLING HOUSES,
FENCES, PARTS OF CARRIAGES OR VEHICLES, AND IN OTHER STRUCTURES OR CON-
STRUCTIONS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in taking plates or sheets of iron, or other suitable
metal, and bending or turning over the edges, or some of the edges thereof, in
such form and manner that the edge or edges of one plate or sheet may be
readily fitted into the edge or edges of another, leaving the plates or sheets
secured together, having ridges at the joints, and the same may be securely
locked or fastened together by pins or bars, or in any other suitable manner,
and may be readily detachable, and capable (when not made up as a structure
or construction) of being packed together in a compact manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LACE
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Cliff and Edwin Cliff,
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
18th November 1861.
We, WILLIAM CLIFF and EDWIN CLIFF, Manufacturers at St. Quentin,
Departement de l'Aisne, Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LACE," to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists in the production of a peculiar mesh for the..
garnishing of figures in lace made in lace machines, which mesh is formed of one
or more warp threads and not by the combined use of warp threads and bobbin'
threads as heretofore. The mode of producing the same-is-as follows:-The
one or more warp threads used for the formation of the peculiar mesh are first
attached to a pillar of lace, which pillar of lace is formed by the combined use
of warp and bobbin threads twisted together in the usual manner, all of which
is well understood. After the one or more warp threads before mentioned
have been attached they are made to move by the action of the machinery
past one or more bobbin' threads, in this position they are made to stand until
a suitable process process of lacing them shall have been effected in order to hold
them in this position by the combined use of warp and bobbin threads (which
processes of lacing are well understood), or otherwise as may be preferred.
After the said process of, lacing shall have been effected the one or more warp
threads before mentioned are again attached to the pillar of lace as above
I

page_text: explained, and thus the mesh by which we propose to garnish the figures in
lace made on lace machines is effected. The object of this Invention is to
garnish lace designs with the above-mentioned mesh so as to obtain a new
effect imitating in fabrication the cushion lace.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF FATTY AND OILY MATTERS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Heinrich Ludwig Buff at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
June 1861.
I, HEINRICH LUDWIG BUFF, of Osnabruch, in the Kingdom of Hanover,
Chemist and Stearic Acid Candle Manufacturer, do hereby declare the naturo
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF FATTY AND
OILY MATTERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the treatment of oily and fatty matters for the
purpose of obtaining solid fatty acids, and a new material which I term
artificial caoutchouc.
In carrying out this Invention the fatty and oily matters are first treated
with nitric acid, either dilute or concentrated, and either with or without the
application of heat, to which are added substances which will decompose the
nitric acid, such as starch, flour, or sawdust. The oxalic formed is then
washed out, and the oily and fatty matter treated with reducing agents, such
as sulphurous acid or compounds of sulphur, which properly treated will give
off sulphuretted hydrogen, iron, zine, or other metals producing hydrogen with
dilute sulphuric acid or hydrochloric acid in order to remove any oxide of
nitrogen and destroy any other compounds formed by the previous treatment,
and which, if allowed to remain, would interfere with the treatment herein-
after described. When this has been done, and the oily and fatty matters
well washed to remove every part of the acid, the oily and fatty matters
are distilled by superheated steam, or in any other convenient manner. The

page_text: products of distillation are then treated, as is well known, so as to obtain
solid fatty acids. The residue left in the still is a black elastic compound,
which resembles caoutchouc, and which is soluble in fatty oils and hydro-
carbons, such as oil of turpentine and the hydrocarbons of coal tar. This
artificial caoutchouc is applicable to the manufacture of varnish, waterproof
clothing, paper, leather, and other purposes to which caoutchouc is applied.
The solid fatty acids may be employed in the manufacture of candles, or for
other purposes to which such solid fatty acids are, as is well known, applicable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS, AND A NEW METHOD OF ATTACHING THE BARREL OR BARRELS OF A GUN TO THE STOCK
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Leetch at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd April
1861.
I, JAMES LEETCH, Gun Maker, of 68, Margaret St., County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS, AND A NEW METHOD OF ATTACHING
THE BARREL OR BARRELS OF A GUN TO THE STOCK," to be as follows:-
I take a solid piece of iron and file it as usual to fit on the stock; to this I
attach a moveable breech-piece hinged thereto. The barrel or barrels are
then inserted into a slot cut in the iron underneath them, and firmly secured
by a bolt, which is attached to the fore end of the stock, and held securely in
its place by a sliding cross-piece, which is also secured to the fore part of the
stock. The gun being now complete and ready to be used, the locks are
brought to half-cock, the moveable hinged breech-piece is turned away from
the back end of the barrel or barrels, the end of which is then open to receive
the cartridge or charge of powder, ball, or shot. The moveable hinged breech
is then shut down, so as to form a solid and secure back end to the barrel or
barrels, and is firmly held in its place by a self-acting handle on the right-
hand side of the gun. This gun can also be used as a muzzle-loader with the
French cartridge, or with the ordinary cartridge & percussion cap.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Moore and Abraham
Higgin at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 22nd April 1861.
We, HENRY MOORE, Cotton Spinner, and ABRAHAM HIGGIN, Manager, both
of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING
AND DOUBLING COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates particularly to the arrangement of the spindle on.
which the bobbin revolves in the process of spinning and doubling, and consists
of placing a tube on the spindle, which revolves with it and forms a loose bush
for the bobbin, which enables us to support the spindle much nearer the point,
and consequently to run at a much greater speed than has been hitherto
obtained; it also enables us in most cases to dispense with the ordinary washer
drag.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER METERS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th November
1861. A communication from abroad by Messrs. Frank Grant Johnson,
of Brooklyn, King's County, State of New York, William Thompson
Barkley Milliken, of Morrisania, Westchester County, State of New
York, and Edmund Jones, of the City, County, and State of New York,
United States of America.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
ion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER METERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the arrangement within a stationary cylinder or
cylindrical pipe of two or more oblique bladed wheels secured at suitable dis-
ances apart on a central shaft, so applied as to rotate freely within the said
ylinder or pipe, and two or more series of stationary spiral water passages
urrounding the shaft in the spaces between the said wheels, such passages
and the blades of the said wheels being set at angles of 45°, or thereabouts,
o the axis of the shaft and cylinder or pipe; but their obliquity being in
pposite directions relatively to the said axis, so that water passing through
he said cylinder or pipe may be caused to strike the blades of the wheels
erpendicularly or nearly so to the faces thereof, by which system of wheels

page_text: and passages, the water as it passes through the cylinder or pipe is made to
act on the several wheels in succession, so that greater power is obtained to
give motion to the shaft and the indicating apparatus which is geared there-
with than could be had with a single wheel, while at the same time there is
no material increase of friction on the shaft.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SADDLE CLOTHS, KNOWN AS NUMNAHS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Naish at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th November
1861.
I, WILLIAM NAISH, of Wilton, in the County of Wilts, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF SADDLE CLOTHS, KNOWN AS NUMNAHS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the manufacture of saddle cloths, or what are
known in the army by the name of "numnahs," in a manner not hitherto
adopted for that purpose.
I propose cutting the saddle cloth of the desired shape from a sheet of
felt or felted cloth, and covering the same with any suitable woollen cloth,
thus rendering great comfort and ease to both the horse and rider.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHURNS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Davis at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th September
1861.
I, ROBERT DAVIS, of Splidts Terrace, Back Church Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Cooper, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CHURNS," to be as follows:-
I construct churns of a cylindrical or circular form of staves, disposed some-
what in the manner of barrel staves, but having their ends rebated, which are
received in circular grooves formed in the wooden plates or surfaces forming
the ends of the churning vessel into which they are driven and held by the
pressure or hold so produced, or with the addition of pins, brads, or other
suitable fastenings. The ends of the staves being rebated, a shoulder or
shoulders are formed, which abut against the plane surfaces of the plates or
ends, and thereby form close joints. I dispose this vessel on feet formed by
projections of the end plates before-mentioned, or on feet otherwise produced, &
in position so that the axis is horizontal; this axis I pass through one end, and
screw or otherwise fix it to the dasher or beater, which I prefer to be of a
plain piece of board with holes cut through it; the dasher fills, as near as may
be, the sectional area of the chamber taken in a longitudinal direction, and
revolves therein by motion communicated to the axis by a winch handle fixed
thereon. The axis is ground or fitted sufficiently close in the hole in the end
of the chamber through which it passes to prevent the escape of the contents;
or it may be packed with a leather or otherwise; for that purpose the opposite

page_text: end of the axis is supported in a bearing having no through passage. An oval
or other opening and suitable cover is made in the circular body of the upper
part for access to the interior for churning purposes, and also for the removal
of the dasher when cleansing the machine. This machine is easily rendered
thoroughly clean, and the same machine is capable of making either a small or
large amount of butter as its contents at the time may be little or sufficient to
nearly fill, the churn. I make the churn of any suitable wood or other
material.
AN IMPROVED CONNECTING LINK
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Newby at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th April
1861.
I, EDWARD NEWBY, of No. 85, Camomile Street, Bishopsgate Street Within,
in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED CONNECTING LINK," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing connecting links in the following
manner: I bend two pieces of iron into the form of the letter C, and the
middle portions thereof I swell out, and form holes through, one hole being
countersunk to receive the head of a screw, and the other hole cylindrical, and
with a thread therein to receive the point of the aforesaid screw. These two
bent pieces of metal are formed so as to fit one over the other at their curved
parts, and when connected together by the aforesaid screw present the
appearance of a solid flattened link, which is well adapted for lengthening
cables or chains used for maritime and other purposes, it being simply
necessary to hook each half of the improved link into the solid links of the
two lengths of chain, and then to connect the two parts of the link together
by the aforesaid screw.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF OBTAINING AMMONIACAL SALTS AND OTHER VALUABLE PRODUCTS FROM LIQUORS OR SUBSTANCES CONTAINING AMMONIA, AND FOR UTILISING THE RESIDUUM
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Noyes Kernot and Martin
Diedrich Rucker at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 11th April 1861.
We, CHARLES NOYES KERNOT, of Gloucester House, West Cowes, Isle of
Wight, in the County of Southampton, Gentleman, and MARTIN DIEDRICH
RUCKER, of 116, Fenchurch Street, in the City of London, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
METHOD OF OBTAINING AMMONIACAL SALTS AND OTHER VALUABLE PRODUCTS FROM
LIQUORS OR SUBSTANCES CONTAINING AMMONIA, AND FOR UTILISING THE RESIDUUM,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the obtaining ammoniacal salts and other
valuable products, without the application of heat, from all liquors or sub-
stances containing ammonia. The liquor (or in case of substances, a solution
thereof) is to be placed in a suitable vessel or tank together with crude sul-
phate of zinc, or other sulphates, or a liquid specially produced from animal or
mineral substances acted on by a weak solution of acids, the residuum pro-
ducing gelatinous substances, or the liquor or solution is to be passed through
filters containing the sulphates or a preparation from animal or mineral
substances.
Iк- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WHITE LEAD, ZINC WHITE, AND GLAZING OR POTTERS LEAD
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Cobley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th February
1861.
I, THOMAS COBLEY, of Meerholz, in the Electorate of Hesse, Germany,
Metallurgist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iк-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WHITE LEAD, ZINC WHITE, AND GLAZING OR
POTTERS LEAD," to be as follows, that is to say:-
The object of my Invention is for the purpose of giving to white leads,
zinc whites, and glazing or potters' lead, increased density, greater permanency
of colour, and drying properties (and to potters' or glazing lead), greater
flexibility. I introduce a solution of borax, either produced from an alkaline
borate, or otherwise from boracic acid. The strength of the solution will
depend upon the nature of the pigment to be treated; for practical purposes
I prefer the refined borax of commerce, and I introduce it at the last stage of
washing, when it has settled down to a sufficient consistency, and pure enough
for finishing, when it may be ground into it and carefully dried.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN SOUS-JUPPE OR UNDER PETTICOATS FOR DISTENDING ARTICLES OF DRESS, AND PRESERVING THE SHAPE OR FORM THEREOF
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mary Hastelow Randle at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the 17th
August 1861..
I, MARY HASTELOW RANDLE, of 22, Ludgate Hill, in the City of London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
SOUS-JUPPE OR UNDER PETTICOATS FOR DISTENDING ARTICLES OF DRESS, AND
PRESERVING THE SHAPE OR FORM THEREOF," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the distension and keeping in form a lady's
gown or dress, and is usually worn underneath the same, being composed of
calico, or any other suitable material.
To form a petticoat I take a sufficient number of lengths of steel spring
(such as used by watchmakers), and form them into circles or hoops, attaching
to each end a slide a, buckle or fastener b, and stamping holes or curves in
the centre of the steel spring of sufficient length to enable the lady to make
whatever circumference she may wish. The advantage to be derived from
this Invention is, that a lady can extend it at pleasure, and also draw the
steels out for washing the garment.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nicholas Doran Proby Maillard
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st October 1861.
I, NICHOLAS DORAN PROBY MAILLARD, of Dublin, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS," to
be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in ploughs relates to a novel mode of con-
structing that part of the plough which turns over the earth after it has been
cut away or separated from the land. By my Invention a considerable portion
of the ordinary turnfurrow or breast of the plough is dispensed with, and in
place thereof a series of vertical rollers or cylinders are employed to turn over
the earth. The object of my improvements is to reduce the friction of the
earth against the several parts of the plough as much as possible, and therefore
in carrying out my Invention I not only use vertical rollers or cylinders as a
means of turning over the earth instead of the ordinary breast, but I also
introduce horizontal rollers in the sole plate, and another set of vertical rollers
at the back of the plough, for the purpose of maintaining the plough in a
vertical position. The vertical breast rollers are mounted in a frame or arms
which turn on a centre pin near the fore part of the plough, so that by
pushing the vertical roller frame outwards and setting it at any given position,
the furrow may be wider or narrower, as may be required or considered
desirable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TURNING AND PLANING METALS, THE TOOL ADVANCING SIDEWAYS AND CUTTING IN AN OBLIQUE POSITION
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Badard at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th July 1861.
I, JOSEPH BADARD, of No. 1, Rue St. Cecile, Marseilles, in the Empire of
France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TURNING AND PLANING METALS, THE TOOL ADVANCING
SIDEWAYS AND CUTTING IN AN OBLIQUE POSITION," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to employ a lathe or plane, no matter how
small a shaving or chip is to be removed from the object submitted to them,
and thus to save time in proportion to the small quantity of material to be
planed off. I propose to incline the tool so as to obtain the greatest dimension
of shaving; and I find that to obtain its thickness, the lateral advancement of
the tool should be multiplied by its perpendicular height, and the lateral
advancement equals twice one and a half of the old system, and gives an
economy of cent. per cent. The economy or lateral advancement of the tool
and its inclination will be in an inverse ratio with the material to be cut, and
to obtain this economy the lateral progression or advancement of the tool may'
be doubled or trebled. The tool must present a more or less open angle
according to its inclination, so as not to leave upon the turned piece a
superfluous thread. It is essential to remark, that the tool without the lateral
progression or advancement is of no effect, but that the lateral progression of
the tool and the manner of placing it is of absolute necessity, and it is upon
these two principles that my method of turning or planing metals is based.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER BY WATER, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Pedrick at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th February
1861.
I, THOMAS PEDRICK, of 8, Brighton Terrace, Brixton, in the County of
Surrey, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER BY WATER, AND
IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
I use the force of water set in motion by pistons or plungers, which pistons
or plungers may be acted upon by manual power or otherwise, which I purpose
to effect by the use of a driving axle connected to a beam or cross-head,
whereby the pistons or plungers (also connected therewith) working in two
water cylinders or pumps of equal size are duly acted upon, the said cylinders
being each of them connected to other or working cylinders by a tube or pipe
of considerably less bore than the respective areas of the cylinders, of course
instead of 4 cylinders, 8 or 12, and so on, may be used if thought expedient. The
cylinders to have the necessary appliances for rendering the pumping action
effective, and communicating the power obtained to the purposes required.
The above is a description of the nature of the Invention, the details whereof
may probably be varied in practice.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN CLASPS FOR BOOKS, PORTFOLIOS, DESKS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Potts at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
September 1861.
I, THOMAS POTTS, of Old Kent Road, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN CLASPS FOR BOOKS, PORTFOLIOS, DESKS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention is intended to apply chiefly to prayer books and Bibles,
though it is equally applicable to all books and other like articles to which
clasps are fitted. My Invention consists in forming the clasps with a spring
and with a spring catch, in such manner that on the spring catch being
liberated by pressure upon a knob, or otherwise, the spring shall cause the
clasp to fly up or out from the catch. The spring also has the effect of pre-
venting the clasp from falling on the edges of the leaves when fitted to a book,
or from falling below the level at which the clasp is fixed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS POR STEERING & STOPPING VESSELS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sussex Newton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th December
1861.
I, SUSSEX NEWTON, of 17, Nutford Place, Edgeware Road, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS POR STEERING & STOPPING VESSELS," to be as
follows:-
My improvements in apparatus for steering and retarding or stopping
vessels consist in the application of plates or surfaces inlaid in the sides of
ships below the water line, such plates presenting a flush surface with the side
of the ship when in the recesses made for their reception. They are made by
preference of considerable length, and somewhat wider at one end than the
other. At the base or wider end they are hinged to the ship's side; from this
point they are laid forward in the recesses for their reception, and have chains
attached at the free ends, which are rove through eyes or other gear, and laid
on deck or otherwise, whereby the surfaces can be extended at right angles, or
at any other angle to the ship's side, or hauled close into their respective
recesses. One chain extends from the free end of the surfaces aft, while the
other is led forward, and is by them rigidly secured in any position desired.
I employ two, four, six, or more of these surfaces arranged in pairs, one on
either side of the vessel, where three pairs are used, I should dispose one pair
near the bows, a second pair amidships, & a third pair towards the stern.

page_text: It will be readily understood that by extending or opening out one or more
of such surfaces on one side of the vessel, it will bring her round more or less
rapidly towards that side, while opening out the surfaces on both sides of the
ship simultaneously, will retard & stop the way of the vessel with greater or
less effect according to the amount of surface exposed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Edward Wilson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd April
1861.
I, THOMAS EDWARD WILSON, of Cornholme, near Tormorden, in the County
of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
The first part of this Invention is applicable to those agricultural machines
in which a reciprocating or "to-and-fro" motion is required, and it consists in
making a cam or cams with two or more projections to work against two points
of contact in connection with the frame or slide that has to be moved to and
fro. These points of contact are on opposite sides of the axis of the cam or
A projection on one side of the axis of the cam or cams will push the
frame or slide that has to be moved one way, and a projection on the other
side will push it back again, and so on continuously; they will act whichever
way the cams rotate. The advantages are that less power will be required
and the wear and tear will not be so much as when ordinarily constructed.
The second part of my Invention is applicable to roller grinding machines,
and it consists in making the rollers between which the substances are ground
or crushed, one with right and the other with left hand threads or grooves, so
as to produce a wrenching motion.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN TREATING TANK REFUSE OR SODA WASTE
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Wilson and James Graham
Tatters at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 4th July 1861.
We, THOMAS WILSON and JAMES GRAHAM TATTERS, of Felling, near Gates-
head-on-Tyne, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TREATING TANK REFUSE OR SODA WASTE," to be as follows:―
This Invention has for its object improvements in treating tank refuse or
soda waste. For these purposes we take the residue commonly called tank
or soda waste, lixiviate it with hot water, and boil it if necessary; we then
filter the liquor, and into the filtered liquor we pour muriatic acid till all the
sulphur is precipitated; we then decant, draw off, or filter the liquor, and.
thus separate the sulphur, which we wash in order to remove the acid; the
sulphur is then dried.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING MACHINES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by François Antoine Thonier at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
April 1861.
I, FRANÇOIS ANTOINE THONIER, of the Town of Bourbon l'Archambault, in
the Department of the Allier, in the Empire of France, Householder, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
REAPING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention will shew that a single man, aided by a horse or pair of
oxen, can reap wheat, barley, and other agricultural produce; that the work
may be well done on uneven ground; that the machine will separate the cut
from the standing (stubble) stalks, and turn the former out of the course
of the machine, and facility will be afforded to move the machine from the
barn to the field without risk of breakage. I construct my machine,, say,
with a metal grating in form of a comb, through or between the teeth or
openings of which enter the stalks of the standing corn to be cut, which
meeting the sweep of a saw blade (with large teeth) falls, and is cleared
by an arm piece from the stubble and passed over to the left so as to lay it
in the usual heaps for drying. A lever (depressed at pleasure) causes the
grating to rise and clear any obstruction, such as tree stumps, large stones,
and other. Motion is communicted to the saw blade by means of pullies
passing from and actuated by the rotary movement of the axle of a light
carriage framing, which holds together all the parts of the machine.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SEGARS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Keach at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd October 1861.
I, HENRY KEACH, Artist in Design, 16, Bedford Terrace, Andover Road,
Holloway, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SEGARS," to be
as follows:-
I envelope that portion of the segar I term the mouth-piece (being that
part of the segar which is placed in the mouth during the operation of
smoking), with a cap or cover, which I compose of metal or other moist-
resisting substance (by preference metal), and I attach the same to the segar
by means of an adhesive substance, or by pressure or otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON- STRUCTION OF SHIPS AND VESSELS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew John Robertson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
February 1861.
I, ANDREW JOHN ROBERTSON, of 26, Parliament Street, Westminster, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF SHIPS AND VESSELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of ships
and vessels. In constructing ships and vessels according to my Invention, in
order to decrease as much as possible the resistance offered to them by the
water in passing through it, I make the load water line concave, both at the
bow and stern; and beyond these concave portions, in passing into the body or
centre portion of the vessel, the line becomes convex ; and in combination with
this formation of the load water line of a ship or vessel, the vertical lines,
throughout both the bow and the stern of the ship in passing from the load
water line on one side to the same level on the other side, are semicircular,
that is to say, a vertical transverse section of the ship taken anywhere in the
bow or in the stern (the keel of the vessel being neglected) will be a semi-
circle beneath the load water line.
In constructing vessels to navigate very shallow water, I make the vessel of
the same or nearly the same width throughout, and flat bottomed, and the
ends of the vessel both at stem and stern I make to a double curve, that is to
say, from the water line down to about one half of the draught of the vessel
I make the surface concave, and from thence to the bottom of the vessel I
make the surface convex.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR SPINNING OF YARNS OR THREADS FROM HEMP, FLAX, COTTON, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Louch at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th February
1861.
I, HENRY LOUCH, of Love Lane, Shadwell, London, Rope Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OR SPINNING OF YARNS OR THREADS FROM HEMP, FLAX, COTTON, OR
OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be
as follows:
I construct a frame supported at one end on a solid axle and at the other
on a hollow one, the solid one being attached to and forming a part of the said
frame, and the hollow one being a fixture and supporting the said frame, but
not revolving with it. This frame I cause to revolve by suitable machinery,
and upon the inner end of the said fixed hollow axle and within the said
revolving frame I fix a worm, and upon an axle working within the said
revolving frame and attached thereto I fix a pinion or worm wheel, which
receives its motion from the worm fixed, as before mentioned, on the hollow
axle by the revolution of the frame. Motion is thus communicated from the
said worm and worm wheel to a train of wheelwork, and through them to a
bobbin, upon which the yarn or thread is wound after passing through the
hollow axle and receiving the proper twist by the revolving motion of the
frame, the yarn or thread being at the same time guided on to the bobbin by
suitable machinery provided for that purpose within the revolving frame and
actuated thereby.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STARTING AND RETARDING OR STOPPING RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Seville and Walter Lawton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
3rd April 1861.
We, JOHN SEVILLE, of Oldham, and WALTER LAWTON, of Hollingwood, both
in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STARTING AND RETARDING OR STOPPING
RAILWAY TRAINS," to be as follows (that is to say):-
Our Invention has reference to certain improvements in starting and
retarting or stopping railway trains or carriages having break power applied
thereto, and consists in the employment, in connection with the buffer or
framing of the same, of a chamber or receptacle conveniently situated for
discharging sand, steel filings, emery, brickdust, or other suitable minerals,
earths, mixtures, or compositions upon the rails or metals, with the view of
obtaining a firmer hold of the wheels, or preventing the slip of the same upon
the metals, and thereby facilitating the starting and retarding or stopping of
the train as above mentioned, the said materials being discharged from the
receptacle when required by the opening of a door or valve in the lower part
of the same through the medium of crank, connecting rod, and lever gear, and a
flexible pipe or tube employed in connection with the outlet passage in the
lower part of the receptacle for conducting the sand or otherwise to the rails
or metals.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS WHEREBY TO UTILIZE THE WASTE HEAT PASSING UP THE CHIMNIES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st August
1861. A communication from abroad by Mr. Léon de Sanges, of 29,
Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, in the Empire of France, Architect.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer & Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS WHEREBY TO UTILIZE THE
WASTE HEAT PASSING UP THE CHIMNIES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved arrangement of the flues of the several
fire-places of a house or other building, which are all made to unite in a
chamber placed under the roof, and furnished with an opening for the escape
of the smoke. This chamber is made incombusible, that is, the material of
which it is composed consists of bricks or stone for the sides, & iron for the
bottom; a door is placed to afford access to this chamber, which is also of iron.
The aperture for the escape of the smoke may be varied in size according to
the number of flues opening into the chamber; this aperture may also be
furnished with a smoke distributor; water cisterns may be placed in this
chamber with a float open to the exterior, serving for various domestic purposes,
such as for baths, water-heating apparatus, or other uses; air reservoirs may
also be applied to this smoke chamber, the air of which being heated therein,
is conducted thence for the purpose of heating apartments.