CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING OR MANUFACTURING ANEB OR SIOT IN THE ROLLER, SHELL, OR CYLINDER, MADE OF COPPER OR OTHER METAL, USED IN THE PRINTING OF CALICO, MUSLIN, COTTON, OR LINEN CLOTHS
Year: 1825

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
LOCKETT the elder, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engraver to
Calico and other Printers, and Copper Roller Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Fourteenth day of January, in the fifth year of His reign,
did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Joseph Lockett, His especial licence that I, the said Joseph Lockett, my exors,
admors, and assigns, or such-others as I, the said Joseph Lockett; my exors,
admors, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and
the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN PRODUCING OR MANUFACTURING ANEB OR SIOT IN THE ROLLER, SHELL, OR
CYLINDER, MADE OF COPPER OR OTHER METAL, USED IN THE PRINTING OF CALICO,
MUSLIN, COTTON, OR LINEN CLOTHS;" in which said Letters Patent there is
contained a proviso obliging me, the said Joseph Lockett, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
and to cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery

page_text: within two calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
in part recited Letters Patent, (as in and by the same) reference being
thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Joseph Lockett, do hereby declare that my said Invention of "a certain
improvement in producing or manufacturing a neb or slot in the roller,
shell, or cylinder, made of copper or other metal, used in the printing of
calico, muslin, cotton, or linen cloths," is fully described and ascertained as
follows:-
The copper metal or metallic compound is first prepared in the usual way
of manufacturing copper cylinders, being cast in solid blocks or ingots of a
convenient size or form; they are then heated in a furnace until red hot, when
by means of cast-iron rollers having grooves in them, worked by water wheels
or other convenient and sufficient power, they are drawn out or fashioned into
cylindrical shapes. Then they are again heated in the furnace until red hot,
and when taken out are cut into the lengths required, and these lengths
immersed in cold water, by which means they are annealed, and the surface
cleansed from scales and other impurities. This operation exposes to view tho
flaws or specks on the surface of the metal, which are cut out with chissels and
a hammer, each roller being more or less chisselled or chipped as these specks
and flaws predominate over the surface; the rollers thus prepared are again put
into the furnace till red hot, and in that state are subjected to a severe process
of hammering; this is done by means of an iron forge hammer having a
polished head with a groove in it of the size and diameter of the intended
roller, and worked by a water wheel or other convenient power, falling on an
iron anvil, having also a polished groove on its face corresponding to the
groove of the hammer; the roller is then introduced between the said hammer
and the said anvil, by which means it is compressed and hardened and the
marks of the chissels token out; it is then again made red hot and immersed
in cold water, and submitted to fresh examination, when any flaws or specks
that may remain are again chisselled out; the roller is then in a cold state
hammered as before mentioned, and in this operation hardened and made
perfectly straight and true, fit and ready to be formed into a roller or cylinder;
it is then bored or hollowed out in the usual way, and which may be varied as
most convenient, this being only a preparation preceding my improvement or
Invention, and which preparation I do not claim as participating in my
Patent. The improvement of my Patent consists in producing a solid neb or
slot in the inside of the roller above mentioned by the means herein-after
described, (that is to say.) I procure a maundril made of steel or iron or other

page_text: fit and proper metal, with a groove of about one inch wide and half an inch
deep, be the same more or less, as may be required, running horizontally or
in any other required direction; the maundril is then introduced into the
cylinder or shell, and subjected to a powerful mechanical pressure or force,
repeating the same with increased force until the required neb or slot is
sufficiently raised, or, in other words, forced out of the solid copper by the
power applied into the said groove in the maundril as before described; this
projection forced into and filling the groove is called the neb or slot, and thus
it is said that the neb or slot is raised or produced. The mechanical force or
power usually applied by me is the same as employed in fashioning the blocks
or ingots of copper herein-before mentioned and described, being two iron
cylinders having grooves in them of various sizes as occasion requires; the
roller being first introduced into the groove corresponding nearly with its
diameter, and when found to be reduced by that as far as it will admit of, I
have recourse to the next groove, corresponding nearly with the reduced
diameter of the roller, and so on (if occasion requires) until the neb or slot is
raised or produced (with occasionally the application of a few blows from a
small hammer bearing upon that part of the roller which presses upon or is
immediately over the groove in the maundril). If the copper is not sufficiently
tough to undergo the whole in one process, which may be ascertained during
its progress by small visible flaws and cracks, and other ways and means well
known to an operative mechanic, I heat it again in the furnace until it is red
hot, and then immerse it in cold water to cleanse and soften it, after which I
proceed as herein-before mentioned and described, repeating the same as often
as may be required, until the neb or slot is raised or produced as aforesaid.
In the process of calico and other printing, the roller, shell, or cylinder has to
be subjected to a great pressure, consequently requires a stay, usually deno-
minated or termed a neb or slot, (to prevent its working loose on the maundril,)
and which said neb or slot is generally braized or soldered upon the inside of
the roller, and which often slacks or gets loose, and thus proves inefficient for
the purpose intended, thereby incurring great loss and inconvenience by
completely injuring the engraving upon the roller and thereby rendering it
useless.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Lockett, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand night hundred and twenty-five
JOSEPH (L.B.) LOCKETT, SENⓇ.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fifth day of Marcb, in the year
of our Lord 1825, the aforesaid Joseph Lockett came before our said Lord
the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid, and
all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above written.
And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the 5
Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Seventh day of March, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and twenty-five.