Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 31st Aug., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 31st May, 1897-Accepted, 3rd July, 1897
We, FREDERIO O'CONNOR PRINCE of 37 Cursitor Street London, Civil Engineer,
ALBERT SMITH gentleman and CHARLES EDWIN MONкHOUSE gentleman, both of 38
Parliament Street, London, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
An internal combustion motor according to this invention has a square or rectangular
shaped flap piston secured at one end to a cross trunnion suitably held to
enable the flap piston to recíprocate in a curve within a suitable casing answering
to a cylinder of an ordinary motor; the general arrangement of a motor according to
this invention admitting of an explosion taking place on each side of the piston.
The piston is made hollow in any suitable way to allow water passing through from a
hollow portion of the trunnion, and passes out through another hollow portion
of the trunnion at the opposite end to where the water enters. The piston is packed
by an expanding and overlapping ring kind of packing.
The cylinder casing is held to the bed plate with the trunnion end at top to
facilitate lubrication. Attached to each of the outside ends of the trunnion is an
armi connected together by a cross rod, to which the connecting rod of the crank of
the motor is attached or instead of the crossrod connecting the two ends of the
trunnion arms, one end of the connecting rod may be made as a fork to connect the
two ends of the trunnion arms. The valves for the admission of the charge of air
and gas are on the side of the cylinder casing, and those for the exhaust on the other
side, both being operated by a cam on a rod, geared to the crank shaft to revolve:
a separate rod and cams being used for the charging valves and for the exhaust ones.
The valves are of the usual lift valve construction. The valves are carried in a box
on outside of casing and with an attached top which can be removed to get at the
valve. The lubrication is passed into the cylinder case round the trunnion, which
shuts off the supply from being interfered with by the explosions. The cylinder
casing is water jacketted in any convenient manner.
Dated this 31 day of August 1896.
FREDERIC PRINCE,
Agent for Applicants.
Improvements in Internal Combustion Motors.
We, FREDERIC O'CONNOR PRINCE, of 37 Cursitor Street, London, Civil Engineer,
ALBERT SMITH, Gentleman, and CHARLES EDWIN MONKHOUSE, Gentleman, both of 38
Parliament Street, London, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
This invention refers to an improved internal combustion motor wherein what we
may call a pendulum form of piston is employed, that is, the piston is square or

page_text: rectangular and is pendent from trunnions which extend through the glands in the
sides of the casing within which casing the piston radially reciprocates. Inlet and
exhaust valves are provided upon each side of the casing all as hereafter described,
the construction admitting among other advantages, of an explosion taking place on
cach side of the piston alternately, and this without subjecting a piston rod (as
employed with a circular piston) to the heating offect of the firing, a disadvantage
incident to explosive engines of ordinary type; consequently although the engine
works on the Otto Cycle, it has an explosion at every revolution of crank.
In order that our invention may be readily understood we will describe same with
reference to the accompanying drawings wherein Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation and
Fig. 2 a plan view of so much of our engine constructed according to our said invention,
as will be necessary for the purpose of this specification.
According to our said invention and as aforesaid, the piston A, is in the form of a
square or rectangular flap, and has a semi cylindrical upper edge A¹, with projecting
trunnions A 2 Fig. 1.
This piston and its trunnions may be either formed in one piece or the trunnions A 2,
may be composed of a shaft on to which the piston A, may bo keyed, and we
generally form the piston with water passages in its thickness (uot shown in the
drawings) in order to keep the piston from becoming unduly heated, such water
passages may extend through the trunnions to allow water to pass from one trunnion
through passages in the piston and out by the trunnion at the opposite side.
The piston A, is located within a casing B, the trunnions passing through glands B',
Fig. 2, upon either side thereof, the piston being provided about its rectangular
edges with suitable metallic packing (not shown in the drawings) to form a proper
joint between such edges and the interior of the casing B. The said casing is formed
with a water jacket B 2, in order to keep same cool.
The casing B, is mounted upon a frame or bed C, and the projecting ends of the
truunions have keyed thereon depending arms D, D, the lower ends of which are
connected by a cross rod or shaft. D', passing transversely beneath the lower segmental
part of the casing B. In the example shown a connecting rod E, is jointed at one
end to the cross shaft D', while its other end takes on to the crauk più of the main
driving shaft F.
⚫ Mounted upon one side of the casing are two valve boxes G, G, containing valves (+¹,
Fig. 1, by which the charges of air and gas are admitted, admission passages G2,
from these valves entering the casing upon opposite sides of the piston A. The
spindles G3, of the valves G, have fixed thereon pistons H, capable of vertical motion
within a casing H', at the lower part of the valve box. The valve box being recessed
to form an annular passage exterior of the casing H', through which passage H 2, gas
is admitted and passes through apertures H 3, in the casing H, when the valve G¹
with its piston H, is raised. The piston is formed with vertical air passages H 4, so
that when the valve G, is raised the gas is. drawn into the cylinder through the
aperture H 3, and mixes with the air passing through the passages H 4, of the piston H,
the mixed air and gas entering the casing by the aperture 2. The valve spindles G 3,
extend downwards between the walls of the bed plate C, and are provided with
rollers G4, which are acted upon at proper times by cams J, mounted upon transverse
shafts J, Fig. 1. The latter shafts are revolved by means of bevil wheels J 2, keyed
thereon, these gearing with bevil wheels J 3, mounted upon a longitudinal shaft J4,
carried in bearing upon one side of the bed C, Figs. 1 and 2. This ; shaft J 4, is
revolved from, the crank shaft: F, and at the same speed as the latter by suitable
gearing, for instance as shewn in the drawing by means of a bevil wheel J 5, keyed
on the shaft J 4, and gearing with a bevil wheel K, carried upon a stud pin K', upon
the bed G: the bevil wheel K, is attached to a spar wheel K 2, (dotted lines Fig. 1)
gearing with a spur wheel K 3, keyed upon the main crank shaft 1.
Upon the side of the casing B, opposite to the valve boxes G, we attach valve
boxes I, each containing as shewn in dotted lines on the right hand side of the casing
Fig. 1, an exhaust valve L', communicating with the interior of the casing by an
aperture L 3, to exhaust pipes L4, Fig. 2. It should be understood that an exbaust

page_text: valve is located upon either side of the piston as are the admission valves. The valve
spindles 14; of the valves L', pass downwards within the walls of the bed C, and are
provided with rollers by which the spindles and valves are raised, and lowered by
means of cams mounted upon the cross shafts J. There should be provided within
the casing or communicating with the interior of the casing and upon each side of
the piston, means by which the explosive mixture may be ignited: Ignition apparatus
we have not illustrated in the drawings as the particular character and details of such
do not form a special feature of our invention and known forms of such apparatus
may be applied according to circumstances: further the drawing Fig. 1, merely
indicates the location of the cams J, upon the shafts J', the relative positions of the
cains are not specially shewn but the course of motions of internal combustion engines
operating with the "Otto" cycle, as does this engine are well known and the cams
can be set to produce the proper course of motions of the valves, by anyone skilled in
the art, and therefore this setting of the cams does not require description in this
specification. Some of the details of the example described and shewn as will be well
understood may be varied in construction, thus, instead of the cross shaft D', connecting
two ends of the trunnion arms D, one end of the connecting rod E, may be forked
and thus connect the two trunnion arms.
With this construction of motor we are enabled to pass the lubricating material into
the casing B, at the upper part of same around the semicircular upper edge A', of
the piston A, which edge shuts off the supply from being disturbed by the explosions.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed We declare that what we claim is
1. An internal combustion motor having a pendent radially reciprocating piston of
rectangular flap form carried by trunnions within a sector shaped casing, pendent
arins keyed to the outwardly projecting ends of the piston trunnions, a connecting
rod from the arms to a main crank shaft in combination with two admission valves
upon one side of the casing to respectively admit explosive mixture upon opposite
sides of the piston alternately, two corresponding exhaust valves upon the opposite
side of the casing, means for operating the said valves at the proper times and means
upon both sides of the piston for igniting the explosive mixture as set forth.
2. The combination with the pendent radially reciprocating piston and its casing
as claimed by claim 1 of the particular construction and arrangement of admission
valves substantially as and for the purposes described with reference to the
accompanying drawings.
3. The combination with the pendent radially reciprocating piston and its casing
as claimed by claim 1, of the construction and arrangement of admission and exhaust
valves and the particular means for operating same substantially as shewn and
described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
4. The general construction and combustion of parts composing our improved
internal combustion engine all arranged and acting as and for the purposes described
and illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FREDERIC PRINCE,
Agent for Applicant.