matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IN THE METHODS OF OBTAINING TURKEY RED YARNS AND OTHER COLOURED YARNS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hodgkinson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st January 1878.
JAMES HODGKINSON, of Southport, in the County of Lancaster.
IN THE METHODS OF OBTAINING TURKEY RED YARNS AND OTHER COLOURED YARNS."
"IMPROVEMENTS
My Invention relates principally to the production of Turkey red yarns from
cotton, but is also applicable in the production of cotton yarn of other colours,
such for example as indigo blue yarns, and also in the production of coloured yarns
from flax, jute, wool, and other fibrous substances.
In the ordinary processes the Turkey red colour is obtained by subjecting either
the yarn or cloth woven therefrom to dyeing processes.
According to my Invention I take uncarded cotton, or I take the material when
in the condition of a sliver or roving after being carded, but before being spun into
yarn, and I subject the said cotton, or the material when in the indicated condition,
to the dyeing process or processes. The dyed cotton or material is subsequently
spun into yarn, either alone or combined with undyed cotton slivers or rovings or
with cotton slivers or rovings of a different colour or shade.
By combining undyed cotton slivers or rovings with the dyed cotton slivers or
rovings I am enabled to obtain any required shade of colour, and to obtain shades
of colour which could not conveniently be directly obtained in the ordinary dyeing
processes, and I am also enabled to obtain coloured yarns of higher counts, that is
to say, I obtain finer yarns than can now be directly dyed to practical advantage.
When producing indigo blue yarn, or yarn of colours other than Turkey red, I
subject the slivers or rovings to the treatment suitable to obtain the desired colour,
and I subsequently spin the slivers or rovings into yarn either alone or combined
with other slivers or rovings undyed, or dyed a different colour or shade.
It may be considered to be advisable in some cases to recard the dyed slivers or
rovings before subjecting them to the spinning processes, as for example, before
subjecting them to the action of the drawing frames.
IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO ELECTRIC REGULATORS, LAMPS, OR CANDLES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th November 1878. A communication
from abroad by Auguste de Méritens, of Paris, in the Republic of France, Civil
Engineer.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO ELECTRIC REGULATORS, LAMPS, OR
CANDLES." A communication from abroad by Auguste de Méritens, of Paris, in
the Republic of France, Civil Engineer.
This Invention consists of an improved arrangement of electric regulator, lamp,
or candle, whereby the voltaic arc itself is situate in a space deprived of oxygen.
In carrying out this Invention a regulator of any suitable. construction, or a
Jablochkoff or other suitable candle, is employed, placed under a transparent dome
in the form of an inverted 'test glass in such a position that the stationary luminous
point is situate at at least two thirds of the total height from the lower extremity
of the dome, or when the luminous point is not stationary it is so arranged as to be
half way up the dome when the candle is completely consumed.
The height of the dome should be at least five times its diameter, the height in
proportion to the diameter the better the burner will work. An annular space is
formed between the base of the apparatus and the dome to provide a passage for
the external atmosphere.
When a regulator, lamp, or candle is employed under these conditions the
carbons will last from three to five times as long as when they are consumed in
the open air, and the light produced is about the same, this arrangement being
the principle of the Bunsen burner reversed. In the Bunsen burner a draft of air
is employed to increase the heat produced.
In the improved burner arranged according to this Invention the supply of
oxygen is reduced in order to diminish the consumption of the combustible material
employed.
MENTS IN HINGES AND IN THE MODE OF SECURING SHUTTERS AND OTHER LIKE STRUCTURES, SUCH AS Box LIDS AND DOORS
Year: 1878

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Walley Eaton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th February 1878.
JOHN WALLEY EATON, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster. IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HINGES AND IN THE MODE OF SECURING SHUTTERS AND OTHER LIKE
STRUCTURES, SUCH AS Box LIDS AND DOORS."
This Invention consists,―
First. In a hinge so formed that no one can pick it open from the outside by
undoing the connection of the two parts with each other, or even by wrenching.
out the holding screws so long as the lock holds good. As applied to shutters and
doors I construct it as follows:-The joint and one flap can be of any ordinary
construction; the remaining flap extends to the back face of the door or shutter,
where it is welded or attached to a piece at right angles to it. One end of this
piece, as well as the flap, is screwed to the door or shutter; the end on the opposite
side of the junction fits into a recess in the wall frame or post; this recess is usually
armed with a metal frame to increase its resistance. In boxes where the lid covers
the box a slight variation is necessary. To that part of the hinge attached to the
lid I weld on or otherwise attach an Ĺ piece, so that when the box is shut the turn
of the fits into a socket in the side of the box. This socket, as in the last instance
I strengthen with metal.
Second. The mode of action:-The box being closed, should the joint be broken
With doors and
or the lower hinge be prised off, the L piece still holds the box.
shutters it is still more secure, as the inner flange cannot be got at from the outside,
whereas the flange on a box lid can, though it may be fastened on so securely as to
make this a work of great difficulty. To make a box lid still more secure I prefer
to put a cross piece in below close to the box hinge, and then make the hinge
almost exactly like the shutter hinge, the cross piece taking the place of the shutter.
When a box lid is flanged the upper flap can have a cross piece welded to it, extending

page_text: right across the crack. The upper part is attached by screws to the flange of the
lid; the lower one has an end, the projecting portion of the L fitting into a recess
in the box side.
These are a few of the
numerous variations in form to which my Invention is
IM- PROVEMENTS IN OR APPERTAINING TO ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENGINES OR MOTORS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Scarlett and Charles Hayward
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th November 1878.
"6
☐ GEORGE SCARLETT, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, and CHARLES
HAYWARD, of 84, Milton Street, Regent's Park, in the County of Middlesex. IM-
PROVEMENTS IN OR APPERTAINING TO ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENGINES OR MOTORS."
In the frame of the machine on two parallel bars, and in each bar at equal
distances opposite the centre line joining the bars at right angles, and as close to
each other and to the centre line as possible, we fix electro magnets facing each
other.
On fulcra on the said centre line we place one or more bars capable of oscillating.
Each of these contains a series of electro magnets with their poles facing those of
the bar or frame on each side of them. The central bar is preferably attached to
the crank or other motion-conductor. The nearest bars on opposite sides of the
central bar are linked to it so as to oscillate in a contrary direction synchrously
with the central one. The circuit to each of these magnets is changed at each
oscillation by means of automatic contact makers worked by the oscillation of the
bars themselves or otherwise. By the magnets alternately repelling and attracting
each other motion is imparted to the intermediate bars and by one of them,
preferably the central one, to the crank.
SPRINGS AND WHEELS OF BICYCLES, ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE WHEELS OF PER- AMBULATORS AND OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Kenworthy Lord and Herbert
Ansell Skinner at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th
February 1878.
JOHN KENWORTHY LORD, Sewing Machine Manufacturer, and HERBERT ANSELL
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
SKINNER, Engineer, both of the City of Manchester.
SPRINGS AND WHEELS OF BICYCLES, ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE WHEELS OF PER-
AMBULATORS AND OTHER VEHICLES."
In order to produce a saddle spring for bicycles, which shall be more elastic in
action and less liable to fracture or break than the springs hitherto employed for
the purpose, we combine two or more springs together in layers one above the other
and of varying lengths, and join the same together by rivets, metallic straps, or in
any other suitable manner, and instead of forming the joint and roller bearing in
one piece with the spring we prefer to have such joint and bearing separate, and to
attach the same to the lower spring by rivets or screws.
Our improvements in the wheels of bicycles, perambulators, and other vehicles
relate to that class of wheel in which the spokes are formed of metallic wires, which
are connected to the felloes by screws or other adjustable appliances for tightening
up the individual wires, and the object of this Invention is to construct a wheel of
considerably less weight than has hitherto been practicable, and still to ensure the
strength and durability required.
In performing our Invention we use by preference soft steel wire of less wire
gauge than heretofore, and secure the extremities of each individual wire to a pin
or stud mounted in the felloe, and which pin or stud is capable of turning upon its
axis so as to wind the extremity of the wire round it, and thus to tighten the wire
to any desired extent; the pin or stud being held and prevented becoming unwound
again by a sliding or spring key, which takes on to a square formed at or near the
extremity of the pin or stud; or the pin or stud may be tapered, and thus be
capable of being fastened in position by being knocked into its correspondingly
shaped hole, or be secured in any other convenient manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OIL CANS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th June 1878.
A com-
munication from Otto Schaffs and Gustav Lindenberg, both of Hanover, in the
Empire of Germany.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W. v.
Nawrocki, of 124, Leipziger Strasse, Berlin, in the Empire of Germany, Civil
Engineer & Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN OIL CANS." A communication
from Otto Schaffs and Gustav Lindenberg, both of Hanover, in the Empire of
Germany.
The Invention consists in a special application of an air vent to oil cans generally,
and notably to those used for lubricating machinery.
One method of performing the Invention consists in introducing an air pipe into
the can, so arranged that one end or vent is identical with the oil outlet or spout,
and the other vent is in the top of the oil can itself, being protected by a shield,
and so twisted and arranged as not to interfere with charging the can with fresh oil
when required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATCHES AND CLOCKS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Frederick Handel Garrett at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th May 1878.
GEORGE FREDERICK HANDEL GARRETT, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster,
Watchmaker. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATCHES AND CLOCKS."
My Invention relates, firstly, to a method of adapting a stop, whereby the danger
of overwinding is obviated or lessened. For this purpose I effect the winding up
through the medium of toothed wheels provided with projecting arms, such wheels
having such relative number of teeth that as they revolvo they cause the said
arms to miss each other until the winding up is completed, at which time they
arrive in contact with each other, and form a secure stop to prevent over-winding.
One of the above-mentioned wheels is on the going arbor, and the other or
others on axes adapted for the purpose, and it is to the latter that I propose the
key to be applied.
In order to prevent damage from turning the key in the wrong direction I cause
it to act upon one-half of a clutch formed with angular teeth, or upon similar
apparatus, which causes the parts to slip over each other unless turned in the right
direction.
Another part of my Invention consists in a method of allowing the barrel to
run down (independently of the works) when the said works have become fixed by
some accidental cause. For this purpose I connect the barrel to the axis by means
of tightening screws or similar apparatus, so that by loosening the said connection
the barrel is able to rotate, and run down independently of the works.
Another part of my Invention relates to the detent employed in conjunction
with the going wheel, and is designed to prevent the said detent from stepping out
of its proper position in relation to the wheel. For this purpose I adapt a shield
or guide to keep it in the proper planc, and this may be done by employing a
separate part; or the detent may be formed so as to project over the surface of the
wheel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WATERPROOF FABRICS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Rowley and Arthur Critchley
Salomonson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th July
1878.
THOMAS ROWLEY and ARTHUR CRITCHLEY SALOMONSON, both of Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, India-rubber Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF WATERPROOF FABRICS."
This Invention relates principally to the manufacture of waterproof woven
fabrics, used for making overcoats and other waterproof garments, but it may also
be applied to other waterproof fabrics.
"
The object of the Invention is to give to the material the appearance and other
advantages of a double textile fabric, without the additional weight and thickness
of the second fabric.
We first make a single texture waterproof fabric in the ordinary way, by
applying a coating or coatings of india-rubber or other similar waterproof cement
or composition to one face of a piece of woollen cloth or other fabric, and then
whilst this coating is in a "sticky" condition, we cover the surface thereof with
flock" made from woollen or other fibrous material, and thus we produce an
appearance of cloth or other fibrous material upon the coated surface. This is
further fixed by rolling or other pressure, and the superfluous flock is brushed off
or otherwise removed, and when the surface has become dry we print a pattern
thereon to imitate a woven fabric, and by these means we produce a waterproof
material with a single fabric, having all the appearance of a double texture fabric,
but much lighter, and at the same time less bulky and much less costly.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEPHONES OR APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING SOUNDS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Stephenson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th January 1878.
GEORGE STEPHENSON, of No. 83, Jesmond Road, Newcastle-on-Tyne, in the
County of Northumberland, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEPHONES
OR APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING SOUNDS."
My Invention has for its object improvements in electric telephones or apparatus
for tramitting sounds, and has reference to telephones wherein a horse-shoe magnet
is used in conjunction with a disc or plate capable of being vibrated, and herein-after
called the vibrating plate.
According to my Invention, instead of arranging the magnets with its two
poles on one side of the said disc or plate, I place the disc or plate between the
poles of the magnet.
Between the one pole of the magnet and the corresponding surface of the
vibrating disc or plate is a piece of soft iron, which is surrounded by the coil; at
the opposite side of the vibrating disc or plate is another piece of soft iron, in
the form of a tube or ring, like a lining to the neck of the mouth-piece.
The poles of the magnet and the two pieces of soft iron are adjustable, so that
the vibrating plate may be brought into equilibrium.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS OR HOLDER FOR SECURING OR FASTENING CORDS, ROPES, OR BANDS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lea Coplovna at the Office of the
Cominissioners of Patents on the 2nd October 1878.
LEA COPLOVNA, of 4, South Street, Finsbury, in the County of Middlesex, Spinster.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS OR HOLDER FOR SECURING OR FASTENING CORDS, ROPES,
OR BANDS."
"
This Invention consists in the construction of an improved apparatus for holding
or securing cords, ropes, or bands in any desired position, and is applicable to blind
cords, tent cords, and similar uses, also for suspending pictures, weights, and other.
articles by cords in such a manner that the cord can be easily and quickly placed
into the holder so as to be secured in the desired position and removed therefrom
with equal facility.
The improved apparatus consists of a short taper metal tube with a split or
opening in the front or side, and provided with a suitable lug or bracket for fixing
the same in the desired position. Within this taper tube I place a conical plug
bored vertically with a conical hole which slides on a centre or pin fixed in the
taper tube.
By this construction of apparatus if the cord to be fixed is passed through the
split in the taper tube and between the inner circumference of the tube and the
periphery of the conical plug, the weight of the blind or other article acting on the
cord will pull up or raise the conical plug which will act as a wedge and firmly
fix the cord; to release the cord it is merely necessary to pull down the same and
the plug will be drawn down and the cord can be removed. For suspending
pictures, weights and other articles the position of the apparatus is reversed and
the action is the same as that herein-before described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Max Muret at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 30th September 1878.
MAX MURET, of Shepherd's Bush, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER."
This Invention consists in improvements in machinery or apparatus for obtaining
and applying motive power, whereby tram cars, tricycles, and other vehicles and
machinery may be driven at a small expense of motive power.
In carrying out my Invention I employ a stand, semicircular in form, to which
stand a rocking motion may be communicated. In the centre of this rocking stand
I place a vertical lever with a weight at its free end, the said stand being connected
by cranks or other suitable gearing to the driving shaft of the vehicle or machine
to be driven. Motion is communicated to the apparatus by hand, or otherwise by
means of any suitable arrangement of levers or gearing.
By this arrangement if the apparatus be set in motion great power will be obtained
therefrom, and the power thus obtained may be utilized, as herein-before described
in driving vehicles or machinery.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOP COCKS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th February 1878. A communication
from abroad by Gustave Adolphe Fischer, of Gorlitz, in the Empire of Germany.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Patent Agents,
of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
STOP COCKS." A communication from abroad by Gustave Adolphe Fisch er, of
Gorlitz, in the Empire of Germany.
The improvements consist in the construction of a stop cock with a conical plug
to be shut and opened by a screw spindle, and which may be readily applied with
a band or similar contrivance to any existing pipe by perforating its side under
pressure, and when the pipe is in use under pressure or otherwise in combination
with or without an automatic draining valve. Also in so forming the box and plug
of the cock that when the plug is in opened position it is wholly retired out of the
steam or water passage, which is in all points of the same section. Further in
forming the box and plug so that a borer may be introduced in the passage way of
the cock and be correctly guided by a conducting collar or box, when after
finishing the operation of perforating the pipe to which the improved stop-cock is
applied, the borer may be withdrawn, the cock shut, and no loss of water or steam
from the pipe take place.
The improvements are to be performed by making the various parts of metal; the
box may be square or cylindrical, or of any convenient shape fitted to receive and hold
the conical plug, which is furnished with any screwed spindle for actuating it in the
box, which is to be made deep enough to allow of the plug being wholly withdrawn
therein; the said box is formed on or otherwise attached to a passage way through
& in which the borer may work. A strap or band is placed round the pipe to
which the cock is to be applied, to which strap the stop-cock is fixed, then a passage
way is perforated in the pipe of the same diameter as the cock passage way and by
borers introduced through it.
PROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH STEREOSCOPIC SLIDES AND FRAMES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Jerram Hebert at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th April 1878.
EDWARD JERRAM HEBERT, of Gilsland, in the County of Cumberland.
PROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH STEREOSCOPIC SLIDES AND FRAMES."
The object of this Invention is to produce optical delusions.
"IM-
A convenient way of carrying the Invention into effect is as follows:-I provide
a wood or other frame having a recess in same, and of a depth sufficient to take
or equal to twice the thickness of the card used; apertures are formed in the
frame to allow the card to be easily pushed out. The card which fits loosely
in the recess has two similar or substantially similar designs. Another card, say
half the size of the other, has a view of same design in different perspective; the
said difference between the two views of the first-named card as compared with
the one view of the last-named card consists in that the two former views being
alike are taken from another point or angle of observation than the view on the
last-named card.
To put the slide together, place the larger card in the recess in the frame, and lay
the smaller card (in a similar manner) upon it to the extreme right or extreme left
side of the recess. The cards must both be put in the right way up. A stereo-
scopic slide is thus formed, having the general effect of the ordinary stereoscopic
slide, but of novel construction in the following details :-
1. It is formed of two cards, one double the size of the other.
2. It is made up of three designs, two of which are substantially the same,
the third differing slightly.
3. The smaller card is made to conceal either half of the larger at will.
To use the above slide, put it into a stereoscope in the usual way, keep it in
its place (if necessary) with the fingers, and tilt the stereoscope in such a manner

page_text: as to cause the smaller card to slide to the other end of the recess without falling
out of its place.
Two distinct appearances are thus brought about according as the smaller card
is to the extreme right or extreme left of the recess, the one being the exact
reverse of the other.
One frame will serve for a series of slides.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROTECTING FROM WEAR THE SURFACE OF LEATHER, GUTTA PERCHA, OR OTHER FLEXIBLE OR ELASTIC MATERIAL
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Price at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th May 1878.
"
JAMES PRICE, of Dublin, Ireland, Civil Engineer. IMPROVEMENTS IN PROTECTING
FROM WEAR THE SURFACE OF LEATHER, GUTTA PERCHA, OR OTHER FLEXIBLE OR
ELASTIC MATERIAL,"
This Invention consists in the use of steel or other metallic wire of the form
hereafter described for the purpose of protecting the surface of leather, gutta percha,
or other flexible or elastic material from the effects of wear, and is chiefly applicable
to rendering more enduring the under surfaces of the soles and heels of boots
and shoes,
The wire, whether square or round in section, is cut into short lengths turned
down at the ends in the same direction to any desired lengths, thus producing a
shape, and pointed by bevilling the two outer or two inner edges, the
former however being preferred. The wires thus shaped are then driven into the
surface to be protected, say leather for example, the bevilled points cause the ends to
bend inwards or outwards and thus become partially bent or clinched. Shallow
holes may be made with an awl to assist the driving.
The points may pass right through and be clinched afterwards unless they are to
be used for fastening the sole to inside leather. The leather may be also pressed
while soft, and so the horizontal part of the wire forced partly into the leather.
It is preferred that the wires be driven at right angles to the length of the sole,
whereby the sole is rendered rigid crosswise, but elastic lengthwise to meet the
natural bend of the foot in walking. Any other surface subject to wear may be
similarly protected.
This Invention provides an easy and effective method of applying metallic protec-
tion to leather and the like without cutting up the material by a large number
of nail holes, at the same time not presenting rough edges or interfering with the
elasticity.
AN IMPROVED INSTRUMENT FOR TAKING OR INDICATING PERPENDICULARS OR DEVIATIONS THEREFROM."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Ryan at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 5th October 1878.
JOHN RYAN, of Battersea, in the County of Surrey. "AN IMPROVED INSTRUMENT
FOR TAKING OR INDICATING PERPENDICULARS OR DEVIATIONS THEREFROM."
My Invention relates to an improved instrument for taking and indicating per-
pendiculars or the amount of divergence therefrom to be used by builders, con-
tractors, bricklayers, carpenters, and mechanics in works of construction and other
purposes.
It consists of a flat wooden frame, a box planed or trued on its edges, and in
which is mounted on a suitable pivot or fulcrum a double lever, one arm of which
is in the form of a long needle or pointer, and the other or short arm is composed
of lead, iron, or other material heavy enough to form a plumb weight or counter-
poise to the longer or needle arm.
The pivot or fulcrum of the lever is formed at its centre with a notch, and so
shaped that the lever normally tends to oscillate in the said notch or centre,
thereby preventing any friction between it and the sides of the frame or box.
Against the inside face of the frame or box is attached an index made of platter,
enamelled iron, metal, paper, or other material, and marked at the upper portion of
its circumference, where the end of the needle arm vibrates with divisions, the
highest of which indicates the vertical position of the needle arın or pointer, whilst
the divisions to the right or left of the vertical position indicate corresponding
deviations therefrom. The whole is covered over and protected from dirt and
injury by a sheet iron or other cover, a portion of which, where the index is located,
slides up or down over the other part of the cover, so as to open or shut the index
from view. A sheet of glass may be interposed at this part between the sliding
part of the cover and the index.
By the use of this Invention a workman or other person can readily determine
when an object is perpendicular or otherwise, its great advantage being that it can

page_text: be more conveniently handled than the ordinary plumb bob, the workman being
able to construct objects on the batter or overhang without the aid of a battering
plumb rule as heretofore. The danger of the plumb bob becoming detached and
injuring passers by is also obviated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC LIGHT APPARATUS.
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Mackenzie at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th November 1878.
JAMES MACKENZIE, of Warden Villa, Uxbridge Road, Ealing, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC LIGHT APPARATUS.'
"3
This Invention has for its object improvements in electric light apparatus whereby
much longer electrodes may be employed than heretofore, so as to maintain the
light for a considerable length of time without requiring fresh electrodes in place of
those consumed.
For this purpose the carbon or other electrodes when arranged side by side are
supported in pipes or other holders placed a short distance apart, but they may be
otherwise arranged.
Mercury is supplied to each of the pipes or holders containing the electrodes from
an elevated head or reservoir, the mercury being allowed to flow into the pipes or
holders through a small passage in a cock or valve at a sufficient rate to float the
electrodes up to the proper height required as they are consumed. A branch pipe
with a cock is applied to the pipe which supplies the mercury from the head or
reservoir to allow the mercury to flow faster than it can through the small cock or
valve.
A cut off cock is also placed near the electrode holders.
The horizontal pipe which conducts the mercury to the electrode holders is
arranged with a union joint so that the pipe containing the head or supply of mercury
can be turned down or inverted to return the mercury to the reservoir when required
to insert fresh electrodes.
A vent plug is placed in the top of the reservoir, which can be screwed down to
close the vent when the head of mercury is inverted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMP BURNERS ADAPTED FOR BURNING MINERAL OILS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Spence at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th August 1878. A communication from
abroad by Jean André Kumberg, of Paris, France, Merchant.
"
WILLIAM SPENCE, of 8, Quality Court, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middle-
sex, Patent Agent. IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMP BURNERS ADAPTED FOR BURNING
MINERAL OILS." (A communication from abroad by Jean André Kumberg, of
Paris, France, Merchant.)
This Invention has for its object the construction and arrangement of lamp
burners so as to adapt them for burning mineral oils of both the kinds which are
commonly called heavy oils and light oils. The combustion of these two different
kinds of oils requires for its support the application of air with different degrees of
force, which fact has hitherto involved the necessity of using different arrangements
of burners suited to each kind of oil respectively.
Now in this Invention the lamp burner is intended to be adapted for burning all
mineral oils of whatever density or quality by the employment of a metallic regu-
lating tube. screwed on the wick holder, and by the suitable adjustment of the
dome, which can be fixed at any required point on the said regulator.
The regulator screwed on the lower part of the wick holder is a cylinder, between'
the interior of which and the conical tube of the burner there is a space sufficient
for the ready admission of air necessary for combustion. This air is introduced at
the top of the regulating apparatus, and its escape is promoted by a series of small
holes pierced at the lower part thereof.
On the wick holder is placed the dome swelled out at the upper part for the
admission of air, and which is fitted internally with a socket isolated by intervening
pieces of metal as supports. On this dome the glass chimney is held.
The said dome placed on the said regulator can be moved at will, and according
to whether it is raised or lowered all qualities of mineral oils, heavy or light, can
be burned. When the flame is properly regulated the dome is retained at the
suitable point by means of a block and set screw or otherwise.
AN IMPROVED LIFE-PRESERVING BELT OR BUOY
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bristow Hunt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th September 1878. (A communication
from abroad by Benvenuto Benedetto d'Alessandro, of Paris, France.)
BRISTOW HUNT, of Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. "AN IMPROVED LIFE-PRESERVING BELT OR BUOY." (A communication
from abroad by Benvenuto Benedetto d'Alessandro, of Paris, France.)
This Invention relates to an improved form of life belt or buoy, constructed and
arranged as shewn by the accompanying Drawing, in which,-
Figure 1 is a front or end view of the apparatus closed.
Figure 2 is a back view of the same.
Figure 3 represents the apparatus expanded for use, the upper part being removed
to shew the catch M.
Figure 4 is an interior view of the same.
In these Figures A is a satchel of caoutchouc, waterproofed leather, or other
impervious material.
B, the tubular body of the buoy; C, a metallic loop which passes over the catch
M to close the apparatus; E, tubulure for the admission of the distending air; H,
stopper for the same, which may be replaced by any suitable valve arrangement
operating automatically for the admission and retention of the air in the buoy B;
L is a strap by which the apparatus may be attached to the body of the swimmer
N is a hook for securing the ring O of the hand strap S when the tubular body is
expanded; R is the distending spring, and T the maintaining spring of the appa-
ratus; P is a band or ledge overlapping the body B when closed to protect its folds
from injury.
;
A NEW OR IMPROVED MEANS OF PROPELLING CARRIAGES OR VEHICLES UPON RAIL OB TRAMWAYS OR COMMON ROADS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nathaniel Lionel Nathan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd February 1878.
NATHANIEL LIONEL NATHAN, of No. 23, Coleman Street, in the City of London,
Merchant. "A NEW OR IMPROVED MEANS OF PROPELLING CARRIAGES OR VEHICLES
UPON RAIL OB TRAMWAYS OR COMMON ROADS."
At one or both ends of the vehicle at the stage upon which the driver stands I
place in suitable bearings a wheel; this is the main or driving wheel. This wheel is
furnished with recesses to receive the links of a chain, or it may be fitted with pro-
jections to receive the links of the chain. Upon the driving or foremost axle is placed
a wheel of smaller diameter than the first named, and the two are connected by
means of an endless chain. The axle herein-before named and the other axles are
provided with wheels of a similar kind to that just named, and these wheels on each
side of the vehicle are connected with endless chains. It will thus be obvious that
upon applying manual power by means of crank handles or wheels with outside spokes
such power will be communicated to the axles, and thereby propel the vehicle, and
thus dispense with horse power.
The driving wheel may be operated, if desired, either by steam, gas, hydraulic,
compressed air, or other motive power.
I I propose in some cases to substitute for the chains herein-before mentioned
driving or friction bands of leather, india-rubber, or any other suitable material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OR MANUFACTURE OF RECEPTACLES FOR THE CARRIAGE OF OIL AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Taylor at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th February 1878. A communication from
abroad by Pietro Chiesa, of Buenos Ayres.
WILLIAM TAYLOR, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OR MANUFACTURE OF RECEPTACLES FOR THE CARRIAGE OF
OIL AND OTHER LIQUIDS." (A communication from abroad by Pietro Chiesa, of
Buenos Ayres.)
"
Oil drums exported to Buenos Ayres and other parts are of little or no value
when emptied, while at the same time iron buckets are of great demand. Now my
Invention consists in making the oil drum in such manner that it can be converted
into a bucket on arrival. For this purpose, instead of making the drum cylin-
drical, I make it a truncated cone, so that when it reaches its destination, and is
emptied, and the lid removed, the drums can be packed one inside the other for
transportation up country. The handles are of rod iron, preferably looped or bent
round in the centre to receive the hook of a chain, and are packed in a separate
barrel. I strengthen the bottom of the can with a strong hoop, usually inside the
conical sides, but outside the bottom plate, the whole rivetted through. The wider
end of the truncated cone forming afterwards the top of the bucket, I prefer to
strengthen with an outside hoop of half-round iron, soldered or rivetted on. I prefer
also to make the can of galvanized iron instead of ordinary painted plate iron,
though this will do for common use. The heads of the conical drum are fastened
on in any ordinary manner. I prefer flanging them, and fastening them on by
solder, but they could be screwed, bolted, rivetted, or otherwise.
This Invention is not confined to oil; other fluids or semi-fluids can be packed
in this way. The handles are slipped through iron ears rivetted on the sides of said
bucket drum; these ears are shipped separately and afterwards attached.
AN IMPROVED BRAKE FOR STOPPING AND STEERING SCREW STEAMSHIPS AND OTHER FLOATING VESSELS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John William Dennison at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th September 1878.
JOHN WILLIAM DENNISON, of King Street, Cheapside, in the City of London..
"AN IMPROVED BRAKE FOR STOPPING AND STEERING SCREW STEAMSHIPS AND
OTHER FLOATING VESSELS."
This Invention relates to improvements in the application of brake power to
screw steam ships and other floating vessels with a view to preventing collisions,
and otherwise placing screw steam ships and other vessels more under control than
heretofore. For this purpose I construct at a convenient position on either side of
the vessel movable wings or arms of suitable size hung on pivots or otherwise, and
fitted with compensating gear to open and close in a similar manner to lock gates,
and under the control of a responsible officer, in the same way as the rudder of a
vessel. These brakes or wings, although for the most part beneath the water,
form no obstruction to the vessel when at sea, but on rivers, and before clearing
ports, to be of almost instantaneous application, and adapted to the size and
tonnage to bring up a vessel more quickly than has hitherto been found practicable.
The retaining chains, when the brake is required, would release the wings to an
angle of 45 degrees or thereabouts, and in some cases should be fitted with a guage,
and partly opened when in port, so that the pilot or other officer in charge could
make sure of its being self-acting and ready for use.
The form of the wings or resisting arms may be greatly varied, as also the
method of applying the same to the sides of the vessel.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SIFTING OR SEPARATING FLOUR AND SUCH LIKE
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th October 1878. A communication
from abroad by William Mühlan, of Berlin, in the Empire of Germany.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SIFTING OR SEPARATING FLOUR AND SUCH LIKE."
communication from abroad by William Mühlan, of Berlin, in the Empire of
Germany.
A
The improvements consist of two cylinders, one placed within the other, and
mounted on the same shaft with fly wheels attached one at each end, one fitted to
the outer and the other to the inner cylinder; these cylinders are worked in
conjunction and make the same revolution; the two cylinders are fitted in one
chamber or envelope with convenient apertures through which flour or other
matter to be sifted is introduced to the cylinders. By means of any motive power
a great velocity is imparted to the machinery, and the sifting takes place from the
inner to the outer cylinder, or vice versa, if desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE COMBUSTION OF OILS AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Archibald Ritchie Gillespie and Martin
Rae at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th March 1878.
ARCHIBALD RITCHIE GILLESPIE, of the City of Edinburgh, and MARTIN RAE, of
Middleton Lodge, in the County of Linlithgow, North Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE COMBUSTION OF OILS AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
The improvements constituting this Invention relate to the arrangement and
construction of certain parts of lamps, whereby the glass chimneys at present
employed for surrounding the flame are dispensed with.
The improvements relate to the burner and to the parts immediately connected
thereto.
The deflector forming the upper part of the burner encloses the wick tube, and
is formed so as to taper up on two opposite sides to a wedge-like point or its
equivalent, which, when heated by the flame, causes a current of air to pass up
through the burner, and this coming into contact, impinging against the flame as
it issues through the slit at the top of the burner, produces a good white flame
without the aid of a chimney.
The slit or opening for the flame on the top of the burner extends a short distance
down into the ends thereof, and the effect of this is to cause the flame to spread out
after the form of what is known as a fish-tail gas flame.
Below the wedge-like deflector the lamp is formed with an annular enclosure,
through perforations in which the air passes into the deflector, and this enclosure
being in proximity to the deflector, a portion of the heat escaping from the
flame heats the air as it passes up into the deflector, so that it is rarified before
coming into contact with the flame, thereby causing a more perfect combustion of
the oil.
AN ARRANGEMENT OF FURNACE FOR THE BETTER PRODUCTION OF GASEOUS VAPOURS FOR SLOW AND QUICK COMBUSTION
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Luke Jackson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th November 1878.
WILLIAM LUKE JACKSON, Engineer, of 10, Grantly Street, in the Parish of
Spittlegate, Grantham, in the County of Lincoln. "AN ARRANGEMENT OF FURNACE
FOR THE BETTER PRODUCTION OF GASEOUS VAPOURS FOR SLOW AND QUICK
COMBUSTION."
This Invention consists in a retort or receptacle whereby the fuel is placed
therein to get or obtain the heat from, while making into gas; afterwards using
the gas for quick combustion. For slow combustion coal gas and coke is made and
used by its own action.
The nature of my Invention consists in an arrangement of furnace, whereby the
fuel can be operated upon, such as dessicating its contents, fuel, gas, or coke. The
coal or fuel is placed in a receptacle or retort at the end of bars, which form a
space for the fire, which may extend to the bridge at the back end, forms the same.
This may be made of iron or brick, and is, acted upon by means of the fire laying
upon to bridge. The fuel being placed inside the said retort causes a gaseous
vapour to arise, which is carried by means of conducting pipe to the front of the
furnace. I prefer through dead plate to a burner attached to the said pipe; another
pipe is inserted for the admission of either a jet of steam or compressed air to form
à blast. Should any exhaust steam from an engine be convenient the same may
be used as an artificial blast for furnace through tuyeres, which may be placed in
front instead of funnel or chimney stack for quick combustion. For slow com-
bustion a similar retort or receptacle may be placed in a suitable form, and may
rest it on a stand with a front attached, having a space for bars or plate placed in
angular position resting on a brick or lump, having spaces underneath for the
passage of air communicating with holes through the retort. In the top is an
aperture for smoke where a passage or conductor leads the smoke to the centre of
the chimney. A suitable front will be adopted for the purpose required.
AN IMPROVED MUSICAL
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Elizabeth Frances Kelly at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th January 1878.
ELIZABETH FRANCES KELLY, of 17, All Saints Road, W.
INSTRUMENT."
"
AN IMPROVED MUSICAL
My Invention is an instrument comprising a case with a keyboard divided cross-
wise into two or three sections joined by hinges, surrounded by borders fastened
also by hinges to raise or drop them at pleasure. They form an enclosure for the
mechanism of the interior, the tones of which are produced by metal pieces, chimes,
bells, wire, catgut, vellum, glass, and china, or any sonorous material as may be
found expedient to employ.
To produce the desired effect of sound, I place any of the above-named metals or
other sound producing agents on double slips of wood running parallel with the
oblong case crosswise, and graduated so as to produce concord hammers moved by
levers attached to the keys of the board, which comprises black and white notes on
a scale from four to more octaves, but not less than three octaves, including half
tones, produce the harmony.
The double slips of wood with their medium of sound substituting the sound-
board, can be played upon independently of the case.
The instrument, when put together, will form an oblong case, desk-shaped top,
supported on four tubular wooden or metal legs screwed into each corner of the
case, and each leg subdivided, made to unscrew in halves, will admit of its being
placed conveniently across a bedstead or couch to suit a cripple or deformed persons
in a reclining position.
When taken to pieces it can be easily strapped together to make it a conveniently
portable package to be carried by hand.
The instrument can replace a pianoforte for children's practice on board of ship,
and abroad, and whereever space is limited.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SAVING LIFE AND VALUABLES IN CASE OF FIRE, ALSO APPLICABLE AS A SCAFFOLD
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Victor Herridge at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd September 1878.
VICTOR HERRIDGE, of Great Winchester Street Buildings, in the City of London.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SAVING LIFE AND VALUABLES IN CASE OF
FIRE, ALSO APPLICABLE AS A SCAFFOLD."
The main object of this Invention is to ensure the saving of human lives in case
of fire. For this purpose I construct a light and portable metallic framing, by
preference of iron, in the form of an openworked balcony or platform which by
means of hooks or angle pieces catching under the inner edge of a window sill or
against the wall below same, and by hinged legs and struts respectively catching on
and abutting against the outside of the wall can be securely fixed thereto and form
a platform or balcony outside the building and standing out from the window. To
this platform I laterally hinge or firmly connect a flap or bridge long enough to
reach to a similar platform fixed to a window in an adjoining house, and I thus
afford a means for the escape from the window of a burning house to the window
of an adjoining house.
In some cases I form or combine the apparatus all in one, but it may generally be
found preferable to form it as just described, the flap or bridge for connecting the
two platforms or balconies being hinged or connected to one of them. Or each plat-
form or balcony may have a bridge hinged or firmly connected to it, and the one
bridge sliding in or on the other bridge..
The hinging of the bridge or bridges is especially suitable for accommodating the
apparatus to windows at different levels.
The sides of the bridge or bridges may be made of sheet iron in the form of
channel iron and the cross bars or steps of hoop iron.
The apparatus may also be used as a temporary scaffold for outside repairs or for
cleaning or painting windows.