for ands andvers and
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 25th June, 1895
Complete Specification Left, 27th Apr., 1896-Accepted, 25th June. 1890
(e) Waterproof cardboard and paper for roofing and packing.
(f) Plates for guns and revolvers and pistols,. perfectly resembling carved
ebony.
(9) The stocks of guns and handles of revolvers.
(h) Artificial wood and marble capable of being worked like ordinary wood
and marble.
(i) Extremely light, spongy bricks useful principally for
() Artificial stone, such as stone work for façades and other purposes.
(k) Pipes, and, in fact, every other article such as boxes, goblets, plates, trays,
door-handles, buttons, etc., etc., capable of being manufactured by moulding,
working, rolling or pressing, either by hand or mechanically.
All these articles are made by using either peat or peat residue, either in the
form of dust or in paste, and adding to it any suitable material according to the
nature of the objects which it is intended to make. The material or mixture thus
obtained is dried in the air or otherwise, and is submitted with or without moulds
to cold or heat under a greater or less pressure according to the purpose for which
the objects are intended, for I can make of it cardboard or flexible paper, waterproof
or not as well as marble, stone-ware, and artificial wood, so hard that a cast steel
tool cannot touch it. The articles manufactured in the way described may be
made combustible or incombustible according to the substances added to the peat
or its residue.
I have made, up to the present time, many articles by adding to the peat, or
peat residue, the following materials, according to the purpose for which the
articles are intended,-Resin, albumen, lime, plaster, cement, sand, flour, potatoes,
tar, pitch, asphalt, colors, Prussian blue, cobalt blue, imperial black, chrome
yellow rouge, copal varnish, etc., either singly or in combination, and mixed or not
with finely ground colours, silex, sulphur, loam, carbon, linseed oil, lamp black,
and the like.
"
The peat to be treated is thrown into a hopper, the bottom of which is formed

page_text: of an endless band, set in movement by two rollers round which it passes, so that
the peat is carried through an adjustable opening into a shoot, along which it
passes into a fixed drum of perforated material through which the broken peat
passes, the drum being provided with a number of rows of internal teeth.
In the drum revolves a second drum, also composed of perforated material
provided round its outer circumference with teeth. In this drum are arranged
vanes serving as fans, and intended to drive the broken peat through the holes in
the outer drum. The peat, after having been broken, and in proportion as it is
reduced to the required size, is driven by the air through the perforations in the
outer drum, and falls upon an inclined plane. The rollers c which carry the endless
feeding band are driven by a pulley, whilst the inner drum and the fan are also
driven by suitable pulleys.
The peat from this machine then passes to a double bolting machine, into which
it is introduced by a holder forming an inclined plane. As this bolting machine
revolves, the powder escapes through the perforated plate of which it is composed,
on to an inclined plane which conducts it, thus sifted, by an opening into holders
or sacks. The peat which cannot pass through the perforated plate, leaves the
bolting machine, and falls upon an inclined plane, and is discharged.
A second lower bolting machine operates in the same way, so that the double
machine can work at the same time upon two different materials, prepared or not.
Upon the lower bolting machine, are fitted pulleys which transmit by pulleys
movement to the upper machine, and are driven by the driving pulley.
The powdered peat then passes to a mixing machine for mixing the dry peat
with agglutinating materials. The peat as well as the different materials to be
mixed with it, are put in a hopper, which is arranged above a cylinder through
which passes for its whole length, a shaft provided at suitable distances apart, and
round its entire circumference, with teeth, serving as forks, which continually stir
up the peat as it enters the cylinder, at the same time mixing the peat with the
agglutinating materials by the rotation of the forks, which are arranged helically,
and thus forcing the mixed materials towards an opening at the other end of the
cylinder, whence the peat, prepared and mixed with the agglutinating materials,
falls into a receiver. The shaft is carried by two bearings, and is provided at one
of its ends with two pulleys by means of which the entire apparatus is driven.
A hydraulic press serves to compress the peat (mixed with the agglutinating
materials as described), in moulds in order to form, and to render homogeneous,
the articles which are to be manufactured, either hot or cold.
This press consists of a strong cylinder into which water is forced by a pressure
pipe and is retained by packing, round a ram carrying a plate which is provided
with two half bearings sliding along two columns so as to guide the ram.
These
columns are fixed below in the press, and above in a strong cross-head.
In the cross head, as well as in the plate on the ram are fixed moulds in which
are holes intended to receive hot irons if it is desired to heat the plates.
The packing making a tight joint round the ram, the latter is pressed up into
the cylinder by the pressure of the water, and the peat mixture is strongly pressed
into the moulds to the desired shape of the different articles, which are then placed
in an oven for the purpose of heating them. The heat melts the agglutinating
materials mixed with the peat, and unites them with the latter so as to form, on
cooling, the desired articles.
The oven is composed of a chamber, the bottom of which is of metal or other
suitable material, and covers the flues, which surround the oven. These flues pass
above the oven, the upper part of which is also of metal. Doors allow the
moulds to be introduced and to be withdrawn when they have reached the required
temperature.
To heat the oven, a fire is made in the fireplace (which is closed by doors). The
flame and gases circulate all round the oven, and heat the latter, passing along the
flues and then escaping by the chimney.
..I use a polishing machine for removing the seams of the articles so manufactured,

page_text: and giving them the required polish. This machine consists of different discs
which may be changed as desired in order to effect the polishing by degrees.
These discs are made of different materials such as emery, wood, leather, felt,
cloth, paper, or the like material.
In order to polish the articles, a suitable disc is fitted upon a spindle made to
revolve rapidly by a belt passing over a pulley, and driven by a pulley upon the
shaft which drives the different polishers. The article is held in all positions
against the disc, then against another finer disc, and so on, until the required
brilliancy and polish have been obtained. The spindles carrying the polishing
discs have pointed ends, which turn in supports which may be separated or
brought together as desired, so that the spindles can be very easily changed.
In order to pound the ingredients which enter into the composition for forming
the agglomerates of peat, I use a machine consisting of a mortar in which the
substances to be pounded are placed, a pestle by which these substances are
pounded, a plate fixed upon the stem of the pestle, two arms which work
against the plate upon the pestle, and a shaft carrying the two arms, and suitable
driving pulleys.
When the shaft carrying the arms revolves, the latter come in contact with
the plate and raise it, and as this plate is connected to the pestle the pestle is
also raised, falling back into the mortar after each semi-revolution of the shaft.
A strap carrying a hook serves to keep the plate and the pestle raised, when the
mortar is being emptied and filled.
To convert the peat to paste, I use a machine consisting of a vessel partly
divided by a partition. In one of the parts is a double inclined plane fixed to the
bottom, which rises to a certain height and then descends again towards the other
end of the vessel. On the descending part of the inclined plane behind the
highest part are placed laths or strips. Above these laths is arranged a drum,
upon which are also fixed laths. This drum is carried by a shaft which is driven
by pulleys, and during the revolution of the drum the lathe on the drum pass close
to the laths on the inclined plane. The part of the vessel where the drum is
situated is provided with a moveable cover.
The drum may be brought nearer or further from the inclined plane by means of
a screw acting upon the bearings which carry the driving shaft. To use this
machine the peat, or peat residue, is placed in the vessel, a sufficient quantity of
water being added to make it into a paste. When the drum is set in revolution it
keeps moving the material so that the latter passes continually between the laths
on the drum and those on the inclined plane. The material, thus beaten and
mixed, is then allowed to escape by an opening, and is removed for subsequent
treatment, to a mixing machine. This consists of a drum the two ends of which
are perforated and provided with two tubular bearings fixed upon them, upon
which the drum revolves. Through these tubular bearings passes a shaft one end
of which is provided with a screw which serves to feed into the drum the material
Bupplied from the hopper.
.
At the other end of the shaft are fitted pulleys by which the shaft is driven in
one direction, whilst upon the tubular bearing of the drum are fixed pulleys by
which the drum itself is driven in the opposite direction.
Inside the drum are fixed arms and teeth, which revolve with the drum, and upon
the shaft are fixed similar arms and teeth which revolve with the shaft.
The drum and the shaft, revolving in opposite directions, and the teeth following
their movements, effect a perfect mixture of the materials which are introduced
from a hopper, and are discharged by an opening in the drum, above an inclined
plane which conveys them into receivers to be afterwards removed and worked.
For making waterproof sheets of the peat mixture, I use a machine in which
paper or woven fabric is placed upon a roller, and is drawn by the working of the
machine underneath another roller, which is arranged in a vessel which has
a double bottom, and serves to heat the agglutinating materials with which the
paper or fabric is to be coated. The machine, which is continuous in its

page_text: operation, draws the paper or fabric from the vessel containing the agglutinating
material and passes it between two cylinders, heated by suitable heating pipes.
Whilst the paper or fabric coated in this way with agglutinating material is
passing from one set of cylinders to the next set, it is sprinkled on the top with
peat dust by means of a sieve, and below by means of beating devices which strike
against the moveable bottom of a box containing the dust.
The fabric or paper, coated in this way with agglutinating material, and
sprinkled with peat powder, passes between the second set of cylinders and travels
to the next set.
Whilst it passing between these two sets the fabric or paper is again sprinkled
above and below with peat powder, so that having been twice subjected to the
same operation it is thoroughly covered with the peat powder, and the water-
proof paper or fabric after leaving the last cylinders may be hung up to dry.
The cylinders, which are driven by means of gear and pulleys, can be separated
or brought together by pressure screws, according to the thickness of the finished
waterproof material which it is desired to make.
The sieve and the beater are driven by pulleys upon a shaft, the movement
being transmitted to the sieve and to the beater by rods.
In order to make peat bricks for building purposes, peat litter or red moss peat
waste is put into a rotatory drum and broken up into small particles mixed with
some water put into a mixing vessel where 20 per cent. of slacked lime or cement is
added; when the mixture is of a consistency of clay, it is put into wooden or iron
moulds and treated like clay for brick making, the bricks are then dried in
a moderate heat. To make these bricks waterproof they are dipped in tar and
to make them fireproof they are dipped in a solution of peat powder, caustic soda
and alum, (equal quantities) in water; or they may be covered with an asbestos
paste.
Dated this 24th day of June 1895
EDWARDS & Co.,
65 and 66, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Process of and Apparatus for the Manufacture
of Different Articles from Peat and the Residue Resulting from
the Manufacture of Fibrous Peat, or from Peat Litter or its
Residues.
1, GUSTAVE ADOLPHE CANNOT, of 20, Bucklersbury, in the City of London,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, and accompanying drawings, that is to say :-
My invention relates to an improved process and apparatus for making different
articles from peat, from the residues of peat fibre, or from what is known as peat
litter and its residues. Up to the present time this substance has been employed
chiefly as litter, but my invention enables it to be used for the manufacture of
articles of the most varied kind, such as:
(a) Marbles and artistic articles in marble, such as clocks, chimney pieces,
vases, etc.
(b) Tiles for pavements.
(c) Parts of machinery, such as pulleys, bearings, etc.
(d) Tiles and slates for roofs.
(e) Waterproof cardboard and paper for roofing and packing.
(1) Plates for guns and revolvers and pistols, perfectly resembling carved
ebony.

page_text: (g) The stocks of guns and handles of revolvers.
(h) Artificial wood and marble capable of being worked like ordinary wood and
marble.
(i) Artificial stone, such as stone work for façades and other purposes.
(k) Pipes, and, in fact, every other article such as boxes, goblets, plates, trays,
door-handles, buttons, etc., etc., capable of being manufactured by moulding,
working, rolling or pressing, either by hand or mechanically.
All these articles are made by using either peat or peat residue, either in the
form of dust or in paste, and adding to it any suitable material according to the
nature of the objects which it is intended to make. The material or mixture thus
obtained is dried in the air or otherwise, and is submitted with or without moulds,
to cold or heat under a greater or less pressure according to the purpose for which
the objects are intended, for I can make of it cardboard or flexible paper, water-
proof or not, as well as marble, stone-ware, and artificial wood, so hard that a cast
steel tool cannot touch it.
I have made, up to the present time, many articles by adding to the peat, or
peat residue, the following materials, according to the purpose for which the
articles are intended,-Resin, albumen, lime, plaster, cement, sand, flour, potatoes,
tar, pitch, asphalt, colours, Prussian blue, cobalt blue, imperial black, chrome
yellow, rouge, copal varnish, etc., either singly or in combination, and mixed or not
with finely ground colours, silex, sulphur, loam, carbon, linseed oil, lamp black, and
the like.
In order to utilize peat for making bricks for building purposes, peat litter, or
red moss peat waste, is put into a rotatory drum and broken up into small particles
mixed with some water and is put into a mixing vessel, where about 20 per cent. of
slacked lime or cement is added. When the mixture is of a consistency of clay,
it is put into wooden or iron moulds and treated like clay for brick-making, and
the bricks are then dried in a moderate heat. To make these bricks waterproof
they are dipped in tar, and to make them fireproof they are dipped in a solution
of peat powder, caustic soda and alum, (equal quantities) in water; or they may
be covered with an asbestos paste.
The accompanying drawings are in illustration of my invention, and of the
methods of treating the peat for the various purposes described.
The peat to be treated is first. thrown into a hopper a, (illustrated in Figures 1
and 2), the bottom of which is formed of an endless band b, set in movement by
two rollers c, round which it passes, so that the peat is carried through an
adjustable opening into a shoot d, along which it passes into a fixed drum e of
perforated material, through which the broken peat passes, the drum being
provided with a number of rows of internal teeth f.
In the drum e revolves a second drum 9, also composed of perforated material,
provided round its outer circumference with teeth h. In this drum g are arranged
vanes serving as fans, and intended to drive the broken peat through the holes in
the outer drum e. The peat, after having been broken, and in proportion as it is
reduced to the required size, is driven by the air through the perforations in
the outer drum e, and falls upon an inclined plane k. The rollers c which carry
the endless feeding band are driven by a pulley 1, whilst the inner drum g and the
fan are driven by suitable pulleys m, which also drive the pulleys n, which
themselves drive the pulley l.
The peat from this machine then passes to a double bolting machine, illustrated
in Figures 3 and 4, into which it is introduced by a holder forming an inclined
plane b. As this bolting machine revolves, the powder escapes through the
perforated plate of which it is composed, on to an inclined plane o which conducts it,
thus sifted, by an opening d, into holders or sacks. The peat which cannot pass
through the perforated plate, leaves the bolting machine a, and falls upon an
inclined plane e, and is discharged by an opening f.
A second lower bolting machine operates in the same way, so that the double
machine can work at the same time upon two different materials, similarly prepared

page_text: or not. Upon the lower bolting machine, are fitted pulleys g which transmit
by pulleys h, movement to the upper machine, and are driven by the driving
pulley i.
The powdered peat then passes to a mixing machine, (illustrated in Figures 5
and 6), for mixing the dry peat with suitable agglutinating materials, such, for
instance as vegetable resin, albumen, and the like. The proportions of the
agglutinating materials used may be varied more or less, say from five to ten per cent.
according to the hardness and other qualities desired in the finished material, and
I do not confine myself to any particular proportions.
The peat as well as the different materials to be mixed with it, are put in a
hopper a, which is arranged above a cylinder b through which passes, for its whole
length, a shaft e provided, at suitable distances apart, and round its entire circum-
ference, with teeth d, serving as forks, which continually stir up the peat as it
enters the cylinder, at the same time mixing the peat with the agglutinating
materials by the rotation of the forks, which are arranged helically, and thus
forcing the mixed materials towards an opening at the other end of the
cylinder, whence the peat, prepared and mixed with the agglutinating materials,
falls into a receiver. The shaft e is carried by two bearings g, and is provided at
one of its ends with two pulleys f, by means of which the entire apparatus is
driven.
A bydraulic press (illustrated in Figures 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12) serves to
compress the peat (mixed with the agglutinating materials as described), in moulds,
in order to form, and to render homogeneous, the articles which are to be
manufactured, either hot or cold.
This press consists (1) of a strong cylinder a into which water is forced by a
pressure pipe band is retained by packing c, round (2) a ram d, carrying a plate g
which is provided with two half bearings sliding along two columns e so as to
guide the ram. These columns are fixed below in the press a, and above in a
strong cross-head k.
In the cross-head k, as well as in the plate on the ram g are fixed moulds
in which are holes, intended to receive hot irons if it is desired to heat the
plates.
The packing o making a tight joint round the ram g, the latter is pressed up into
the cylinder a by the pressure of the water, and the peat mixture is very strongly
pressed into the moulds to the desired shape of the different articles, which are
then placed in an oven (illustrated in Figures 13, 14, and 15) for the purpose of
heating them.
The heat of the oven melts the agglutinating materials mixed with the peat,
and unites them with the latter, so as to form, on cooling, the desired articles.
The oven is composed of a chamber a, the bottom of which 6 is of metal or other
suitable material, and covers the flues c which surround the oven. These flues
pass above the oven, the upper part of which d is also of metal. Doors e allow
the moulds to be introduced, and to be withdrawn when they have reached the
required temperature.
To beat the oven, a fire is made in the fireplace (which is closed by doors g);
The flame and gases circulate all round the oven, and heat the latter, passing
along the flues c and then escaping by the chimney h.
I use a polishing machine, (illustrated in Figures 16 and 17), for removing the
seams (formed in the moulds) of the articles so manufactured, and giving them the
required polish. This machine consists of different discs, which may be changed
as desired in order to effect the polishing by degrees. These discs are made of
different materials such as emery, wood, leather, felt, cloth, paper, or the like
material.
In order to polish the articles, such a suitable discf is fitted upon a spindle a made
to revolve rapidly by a belt or cord passing over a pulley c, and driven by a
pulley d upon the shaft which drives the different polishers. The article is held
in all positions against the disc, then against another finer disc, and so on, until

page_text: the required brilliancy and polish have been obtained. The spindles carrying the
polishing discs have pointed ends, which turn in supports which may be
separated or brought together as desired, so that the spindles can be very easily
changed.
In order to stamp or pound the ingredients which enter into the composition for '
forming the agglomerates of peat, I use a machine (illustrated in Figures 18, 19,
and 20) consisting (1) of a mortar a in which the substances to be pounded are
placed, (2) of a pestle b by which these substances are pounded, (3) of a plate c
fixed upon the stem of the pestle, (4) of two arms d which work against the
plate cupon the pestle b, and (5) a shaft o carrying the two arms d, and suitable
driving pulleys, z.
When the shaft o carrying the arms d revolves, the latter come in contact with
the plate c and raise it, and as this plate is connected to the pestle the pestle
is also raised, falling back into the mortar a after each semi-revolution of the
shaft o.
A strip carrying a hook n serves to keep the plate c and the pestle b raised, when
the mortar a is being emptied and filled.
To convert the peat to paste I use a machine (illustrated in Figures 21, 22,
and 23) consisting of a vessel a partly divided by a partition b.
In one of the parts
is a double inclined plane c fixed to the bottom, which rises to a certain height and
then descends again towards the other end of the vessel a. On the descending part i
of the inclined plane c, behind the highest part are placed laths or strips h. Above
these laths is arranged a drum e, upon which are also fixed laths g. This drum e
is carried by a shaft which is driven by pulleys j, and during the revolution
of the drume the laths g on the drum pass close to the laths on the inclined
plane. The part of the vessel where the drum is situated is provided with a.
moveable cover i.
The drum e may be brought nearer to, or further from, the inclined plane c by
means of a screw k acting upon the bearings which carry the driving shaft f
To use this machine, the peat, or peat residue, is placed in the vessel a, a sufficient
quantity of water being added to make it into a paste.
When the drum is set in
revolution it keeps moving the material so that the latter passes continually between
the laths on the drum and those on the inclined plane. The material, thus beaten
and mixed, is then allowed to escape by the opening m, and is removed for
subsequent treatment, to a mixing machine, (illustrated in Figures 24 and 25).
This consists of a drum a the two ends of which are perforated and provided with
two tubular bearings fixed upon them, upon which the drum revolves. Through
these tubular bearings passes a shaft c, one end of which is provided with a
screw d which serves to feed into the drum the material supplied from the
hopper f.
At the other end of the shaft c are fitted pulleys e by which the shaft is driven
in one direction, whilst upon the tubular bearing of the drum are fixed pulleys g
by which the drum itself is driven in the opposite direction..
Inside the drum a are fixed arms and teeth h, which revolve with the drum,
and upon the shaft care fixed similar arms and teeth i which revolve with the shaft.
The drum and the shaft, revolving in opposite directions, and the teeth and i
following their movements, effect a perfect mixture of the materials which are
introduced from a hopper and are discharged by an opening k in the drum,
above an inclined plane which conveys them into receivers to be afterwards!
removed and worked.
For making waterproof sheets of the peat mixture, I use a machine (illustrated
in Figures 26, 27, and 28), in which paper or woven fabric is placed upon a
roller m, and is drawn, by the working of the machine, underneath another.
roller which is arranged in a vessel a which has a double bottom, and serves to
beat the agglutinating materials with which the paper or fabric is to be coate l.
The machine, which is continuous in its operation, draws the paper or fabric from
",
-
:

page_text: the vessel containing the agglutinating material, and passes it between two
cylinders b, heated by suitable heating pipes c.
Whilst the paper or fabric coated in this way with agglutinating material is
passing from one set of cylinders to the next set b', it is sprinkled on the top
with peat dust by means of a sieve d, and below by means of beating devices k
which strike against the moveable bottom of a box containing the dust.
The fabric or paper, coated in this way with agglutinating material, and sprinkled
with peat powder, passes between the second set of cylinders 6 and travels to 'the
next set ³.
Whilst it is passing between these two sets b' and 6 the fabric or paper is again
sprinkled above and below with peat powder, so that having been twice
subjected to the same operation it is thoroughly covered with the peat powder,
and the waterproof paper or fabric after leaving the last cylinders 62 may be hung
up to dry.
The cylinders, which are driven by means of gear and pulleys p, can be separated
or brought together by pressure screws r, according to the thickness of the finished
waterproof material which it is desired to make.
The sieve d and the beater k are driven by pulleys upon a shaft i, the movement
being transmitted to the sieve and to the beater by rods f
My invention consists substantially of a novel process of utilizing peat, and the
residue resulting from the manufacture of fibrous peat for other purposes, for the
manufacture of articles of a great variety of kinds, mainly by mixing such peat, or
peat residue, with agglomerating material in the way described, and by apparatus
of the different kinds described, the articles so produced being extremely durable,
inexpensive, easily worked, effective in appearance, and hard if desired, and it
is evident that the invention is capable of an almost infinite number of
applications.
In the preparation of peat with other materials for such manufacture as
described, use preferably machinery or apparatus of the kinds described and
illustrated, most of such machines being used in combination with each other to
produce the desired results, but I do not confine myself to the precise details of
the process and apparatus, which may be varied more or less.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
:-
1. The process for the utilization of peat, and the residue resulting from the
manufacture of fibrous peat, or from peat litter or its residues, consisting in taking
the peat or peat residue, in the form of dust or powder, and adding to and
incorporating with it agglutinating material or materials, and submitting the
mixture, in moulds or not, when sufficiently dry, to pressure, placing the articles so
produced in heated ovens where they become consolidated, and finally finishing
the articles by polishing or other suitable process, substantially as described.
2. In order to utilize peat for making bricks for building purposes, the novel
process consisting in reducing peat litter or red moss peat waste to small particles,
mixing it with water, and adding slacked lime or cement, then moulding the mixture
into bricks, and drying them, substantially as described.
3. The method of treating bricks, made as described in Claim 2, with tar to
render them waterproof, and with a mixture of peat powder, caustic soda and alum,
to render them fireproof, substantially as described.
4. For the preparation of the articles described and claimed in Claim 1, the
combination of machinery or apparatus consisting substantially of cleaning
apparatus as illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, bolting machinery as illustrated in
Figures 3 and 4, mixing machinery as illustrated in Figures 5 and 6, pressing
and moulding machinery as illustrated in Figures 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12, and heating
apparatus as illustrated in Figures 13, 14, and 15.

page_text: 5. In combination with the combination of machinery or apparatus claimed in
Claim 4, the polishing apparatus, substantially of the kind described and illustrated
in Figures 16 and 17.
6. For the purpose of converting the reduced peat to paste, machinery substan-
tially of the kind described and illustrated in Figures 21, 22, and 23, consisting of
a vessel a, partly divided by a partition b, a double inclined plane c, laths or
strips h, adjustable drum e, and fixed laths g.
7. In combination with the machinery described and claimed in Claim 6, mixing
apparatus substantially of the kind illustrated in Figures 24 and 25.
8. For making waterproof sheets of the peat mixture made as described in
Claims 6 and 7, the apparatus substantially as described, and illustrated in
Figures 26, 27, and 28, consisting of rollers m and n, double bottomed
heating vessel a, heated adjustable cylinders 6 and 6', sieve d, heating device k,
and box h.
Dated this 25th day of April 1896.
EDWARDS & Co.,
65 and 66, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Date of Application, 25th June, 1895
Complete Specification Left, 27th Apr., 1896-Accepted, 13th June, 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Briquettes for Fuel
from Peat.
I, GUSTAVE ADOLPHE CANNOT, of 20, Bucklersbury, in the City of London,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in the manufacture from peat of
briquettes or blocks to be used for fuel.
For this purpose black peat is used, which is put into suitable retorts and
carbonized or coked. The coke thus obtained is pulverized and afterwards is
mixed in a mixing machine with vegetable resin, or refuse of petroleum or other
inflammable oil, the quantity of which varies up to 30 per cent. according to the
degree of caloric which it is desired to obtain; it is further mixed with some
of the tar obtained in coking, as a binding material, and with a percentage
of 1 to 5 per cent. of lime to make the briquettes smokeless. If weight is wanted
a small quantity of silica is mixed with the above substances. The mixture is
then put into the brick-making machine and turned out in any form or size
required.
The remainder of the tar can be treated in the same way as coal tar in order to
obtain bye-products such as benzoline, naphthaline, ammonia, paraffin, or aniline
colours.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Briquettes for Fuel
from Peat.
I, GUSTAVE ADOLPHE CANNOT, of 20, Bucklersbury, in the City of London,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say :-
This invention relates to improvements in the manufacture from peat of
briquettes or blocks to be used for fuel.
For this purpose black peat is used, which is put into suitable retorts and
carbonized or coked. The coke thus obtained is pulverized, and afterwards is
mixed in a mixing machine with vegetable resin, or refuse of petroleum or other
inflammable oil, the quantity of which varies up to 30 per cent. according to the
degree of caloric which it is desired to obtain; it is further mixed with some of
the tar (about ten per cent.: which may be varied more or less) obtained in coking,
as a binding material, and with a percentage of 1 to 5 per cent. of lime to make the
briquettes smokeless. If weight is wanted a small quantity of silica (about
five per cent. which may be varied more or less) is mixed with the above

page_text: substances. The mixture is then put into the brick-making machine and turned out
in any form or size required.
The remainder of the tar can be treated in the same way as coal tar, in order to
obtain bye products such as benzoline, naphthaline, ammonia, paraffin, or aniline
colours.
I do not confine myself to any exact proportion of the materials used, but,
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is: :-
1. The method of making briquettes for fuel, from peat, by carbonizing black
peat, pulverizing the peat so carbonized, mixing it with vegetable resin, or refuse
of petroleum or other inflammable oil, tar obtained from coking, and a small
proportion of lime, with or without the addition of silica, substantially as
described.
Tated this 20th day of March 1906
EDWARDS & Co.,
65 and 66, Chancery Lane, Loudon, Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Date of Application, 25th June, 1895
Complete Specification Left 27th Anr 1806 Accented 13th June 1806
Date of Application, 25th June, 1895
Complete Specification Left 27th Apr 1896 Accepted 13th June, 1806
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Covering Materials for Steam
Pipes, Boilers, and Ice Safes.
I, GUSTAVE ADOLPHE CANNOT, of 20, Bucklersbury, in the City of London,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of covering material for steam pipes,
and boilers, to prevent the radiation of heat, and also for ice safes and refrigerators,
in order to prevent the passage of heat through the walls of such safes or
refrigerators.
For this purpose I use peat, preferably red peat,-which is cut in suitable blocks
and when dry is cut by circular saws or band saws into the desired form, and is
afterwards submitted to great pressure.
These blocks may be afterwards finished and rubbed down with glass paper or
other suitable abrasive material.
The peat prepared in the way described is a very bad conductor of heat, and is
well adapted for the purposes described.
.ג.נ.י.מ
1007
EDWARDS & Co.,
65 and 66, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Covering Materials for Steam
Pipes, Bollers, and Ice Safes.
I, GUSTAVE ADOLPHE CANNOT, of 20, Bucklersbury, in the City of London,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, that is to say :-
This invention relates to the manufacture of covering material for steam pipes,
and boilers, to prevent the radiation of heat, and also for ice safes and refrigerators,
in order to prevent the passage of heat through the walls of such safes or
refrigerators.
For this purpose I use peat, preferably red peat, which is cut in suitable
blocks, and when dry is cut by circular saws or band saws into the desired form,
and is afterwards submitted to great pressure.
These blocks may be afterwards finished and rubbed down with glass paper or
other suitable abrasive material.
The peat prepared in the way described is a very bad conductor of heat, and is
well adapted for the purposes described.
I do not confine myself to the precise details of manufacture, which may be
varied more or less as may be found desirable, but,
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. The method of manufacturing covering materials for steam pipes, boilers, and

page_text: ice safes, by cutting blocks of peat, first dried, and submitting them to great
pressure, substantially as described.
2. In combination with the method of manufacture described in Claim 1, the
method of finishing the blocks with abrasive material, substantially as described.
Dated this 25th day of April 1896.
EDWARDS & Co.,
65 and 66, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.