IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHAG OR PILE FABRICS, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert John Haddan, of Kensington, Middlesex for an
Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHAG OR PILE
FABRICS, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR a communication to him from abroad
by Fernando Alsina Parellada, of Barcelona, Spain
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Herbert John Haddan at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th April 1883.
"
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex, IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF SHAQ OR PILE FABRICS, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR," a
cominunication to me from abroad by Fernando Alsina Parellada, of Barcelona,
Spain,
This invention relates to mechanical processes and apparatus for the manufacture
of pile-fabrics. It comprises the following operations.
1. Weaving at the same time two parallel pieces of cotton fabric (or of cotton in
combination with other textile materials) by means of a power loom provided
with driving mechanism similar to that used in the manufacture of ordinary pile
fabrics.
2. Producing the pile or shag in replacing the weft (composed in the fabrics
made by the known processes, of two or several threads of different colours) by
threads of different thicknesses and colours, arranged or grouped in any suitable
manner.
This substitution of simple or twisted threads of different thicknesses and colours
may be obtained by unwinding the said threads from one, two or several beams or
rollers, conveniently situated on the loon and moved continuously or periodically
by a mechanism connected with the driving shaft of the loom.
The thread, which is unwound from the said beam in proportion to its speed of
Prica dl

page_text: rotation passes through the mails of one or more heddles which cause the threads
to be taken alternately or as may be desired by the passage or crossings of the
wefts of the two tissues or pieces of fabric (the upper and the lower piece) towards
the point or line where the two tissues are joined together into one piece, after
which they are again separated by a knife.
3. Cutting the threads in the middle (between the two tissues) by means of a
knife moving to and fro parallel with the shuttle. This to and fro motion may
be obtained by a combination of levers and strings passing over pulleys, the knife
being secured to a carrier guided in a straight line by a suitable rail.
The pile-fabrics produced in this way may be plain or ribbed, white or coloured. 1

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Herbert John Haddan in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
11th October 1883.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex, "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF SHAG OR PILE FABRICS, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR," a
communication to me from abroad by Fernando Alsina Parellada, of Barcelona,
Spain,
This invention relates to mechanical processes and apparatus for the manufacture
of pile-fabrica. It comprises the following operations.
1. Weaving at, the same time two parallel and nearly superposed pieces of
cotton fabric (or of cotton in combination with any other textile materials) by
means of a power loom having several harness-frames operated by driving
mechanism similar to that used in the manufacture of ordinary pile fabrics.
Instead of this harness mechanism one of the numerous known mechanisms may
be employed for instance, the Jacquard loom and other analogous machines.
2. Producing the pile or nap of the shag in replacing the weft (composed in the
fabrics made by the known processes, of two or several threads of different colour)
by threads of different thicknesses and colours, arranged or grouped in sections or
parts more or less separate and variable according to the pattern or designs to be
produced.
This substitution for the weft of simple or twisted threads of different thicknesses
and colours forms the principal part of the present invention, and it is obtained by
unwinding the said threads from one two or several beams or rollers, suitably
situated on the loom and moved continuously or periodically by a mechanism
connected with the driving shaft of the loom, for instance a mechanism indicated
in the drawings by b b c d, by means of which is turned the wheel & con-
centrical to the cylinder e¹ e². f represents the beam or beams on which is
wound the thread which is to form the pile or nap of the two tissues. The thread
is unwound from the said beam or beams at a rate equal to the distance travelled
by a given point of the circumference of the cylinder e¹ e¹.
The thread unwound in this manner follows the direction indicated by the
arrows, passes through the mails of one or more heddles oo which cause the
threads to be taken alternately, or as may be required according to the pattern, by
the passages or crossings of the wefts of the two tissues or pieces of fabrics (the
upper and the lower piece)-towards i, being the point or line where the weft and
warping of the two tissues joined into one piece, are interlaced and after which
the two tissues are separated by a knife u
3. Cutting the coloured threads (accumulated by the passages of the weft of the
two tissues or upper and lower pieces of fabrics) in the middle by means of a
knife u, shown in the accompanying drawing with its carrier, and which moves to
and fro over the whole breadth of the tissue parallel with the shuttle.
This to and fro motion may be obtained by a combination of levers represented
by Fig 2 in which is the extremity of a lever connected with the carrier 8 of the
knife by means of rods m, p, lever n, combination of levers g and strings r r r r
passing over the pulleys t t t t. vv is a rail by which the knife carrier is guided
in a straight line. A A¹ are the rollers on which the finished fabric is wound.
The mechanism for operating the knife-represented in the accompanying drawing
by a lever mechanism as well as the shape, size and motion of the knife and of
its carrier may be varied without altering the function of the mechanism which
has for its object to cut the tissue into two pieces.

page_text: In proportion as the crossings of the weft succeed each other the produced fabric
iiis separated by the knife u into two pieces which are drawn forward in
different directions by the rollers A A³ set in motion by worm gearing as shown in
the accompanying drawing.
According to the composition or formation of the pattern or design to be repre-
sented in the fabric the loom may be provided with two or more shuttle boxes and
the corresponding number of shuttles for the wefts of different thicknessos or
colours