ROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CULTIVATING OR TILLING LAND
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Fowler, junior, David Greig, and Richard
Noddings, of Leeds, in the County of York, for the Invention of
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CULTIVATING OR TILLING LAND,"
Sealed the 5th September 1862, and dated the 7th March 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Fowler, David
Greig, and Richard Noddings, at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 7th March 1862.
We, JOHN FOWLER, junior, DAVID GREIG, and RICHARD NODDINGS, of Leeds
in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CULTIVATING OR TILLING LAND," to be as
follows:-
This Invention hasforitsobject" Improvements in ApparatusforCultivating
or Tilling Land. In the construction of implements used for steam cultivation
it is common to employ a beam or frame having a set of tilling tools at each
end; this beam or frame, which carries the ploughs or cultivating implements,
has its fulcrum and is made to balance on the axle of the carrying wheels, the
axle being attached to the frame by a stud pin in the centre of its length. It
is found, when using very wide implements, that this arrangement is incou-
venient, inasmuch as the locking of the axle causes the frame with the imple-
ments attached to be partially lifted out of the land on one side, according
to the direction in which the axle is locked, and this produces irregularwork.
Our improvements consist in placing the axis or fulcrum of the balance
frame below the axis of the carrying wheels. For this purpose we employ,

page_text: by preference, an axle, which we attach to the balance frame at two points
across it, and at each end of this axle is a standard or slide bar on which
the short axle of the carrying wheel is placed; thus it will be seen that
the weight of the frame resting on its fulcrum below the axis of the carry-
ing wheels causes the standards or slide bars to assume at all times a
vertical or nearly vertical position, and the short axles of the wheels being
attached to and centering on the standards, the locking of the wheels does
not affect the general level of the balance frame.
When using a winding windlass for hauling cultivating implements by
steam power it is usual to employ a guiding or winding apparatus, which
is fixed opposite some part of the periphery of the hauling drum, for the
purpose of laying the coils of rope equally on to the drum. Now when the
hauling drum turns on a vertical axis we arrange the guiding or winding
apparatus so that it can take any position around the hauling drum which
the angle of the rope may for the time require, so that in whatever direction
the rope is being wound from the guiding apparatus it readily adjusts itself
to its proper position.
In the construction of rotary cultivating implements to be actuated by
steam power we employ one or more main cylinders or axles armed with
prongs, which by their weight penetrate into the land; and our improve-
ment consists in causing the main cylinder or axle to drive another or other
similar axle or axles, also armed with prongs, at a higher velocity than
that at which itself rotates, thus the main cylinder breaks up the land
roughly, and the second, being driven by it at greater speed, reduces the
clods to a finer and better condition. Two such axles with prongs form a
cultivator to be turned at the headland, but four or more can be used with
advantage when mounted on a balance frame.
In constructing windlasses for hauling cultivating implements by steam
power we sometimes arrange the winding drums in such a manner that
they can swing partially round at an angle to each other or to the
or engine to which they are attached, so that they may adjust themselves
carriage
to the line of the hauling rope; or in place of making the winding drums
adjust themselves to the line of draught we arrange the boiler engines and
windlasses so that they can turn partially round on their carriage frame.
This may be accomplished by any suitable means, as for instance, by a turn-
plate or table, so that the machinery and the carriage frame can readily be
fixed together in such a position that the hauling rope may be led on at an
angle to the carriage or engine frame.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Fowler, David Greig, and Richard Noddings, in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 6th September 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
FOWER, junior, DAVID GREIG, and RICHARD NODDINGS, of Leeds, in the
County of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
John Fowler, David Greig, and Richard Noddings, Her special licence that
we, the said John Fowler, David Greig, and Richard Noddings, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said John Fowler,
David Greig, and Richard Noddings, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CULTIVATING OR TILLING LAND," upon the
condition (amongst others) that we, the said John Fowler, David Greig, and
Richard Noddings, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our or their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one
of us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said David Greig and Richard Noddings,
on behalf of ourselves and the said John Fowler, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for cultivating
or tilling land. In the construction of implements used for steam cultivation
it is common to employ a beam or frame having a set of tilling tools at each
end; this beam or frame, which carries the ploughs or cultivating implements,
has its fulcrum and is made to balance on the axle of the carrying wheels, the
axle being attached to the frame by a stud pin in the centre of its length. It
is found, when using very wide implements, that this arrangement is incon-

page_text: venient, inasmuch as the locking of the axle causes the frame with the imple-
ments attached to be partially lifted out of the land on one side, according to
the direction in which the axle is locked, and this produces irregular work.
Our improvements consist in placing the axis or fulcrum of the balance
trame below the axis of the carrying wheels. For this purpose we employ, by
preference, an axle, which we attach to the balance frame at two points
across it, and at each end of this axle is a standard or slide bar on which
the short axle of the carrying wheel is placed; thus it will be seen that the
weight of the frame resting on its fulcrum below the axis of the carrying
wheels causes the standards or slide bars to assume at all times a vertical
or nearly vertical position, and the short axles of the wheels being attached
to and centering on the standards, the locking of the wheels does not affect
the general level of the balance frame.
Figure 1 is a part of a side view, and Figure 2 is an end view, partly in
section, of a balance plough or implement constructed according to this
part of our Invention.
a, a, is the frame to which the tilling tools are attached, it may be in any
usual manner; b is a bar attached to the frame; this, as is shown in the
Drawing, is attached to the frame a by fork pieces 6', 61; these receive the
brackets a¹ of the frame, and pius pass through the two, and upon these pins
the frame turns; the frame a may, however, be made to turn directly on the
bar if desired. At the extremities of the bar bare standards, each formed of
two upright bars, the one c being fixed to the axle and carrying the cross
piece d at the top, and the other e turning in the barb at the bottom and in
the cross piece d at the top; ff, are blocks having fixed in them the stud
axes of the wheels g, y; these blocks are capable of sliding longitudinally on
the bars e, but not of turning on them, and they can be traversed along these
bars by the screws h, h, and thus the wheels are set to carry the frame at
the required height from the land, according to the depth to which it is
desired that the tilling tools should penetrate. On one of the bars e a
toothed arc is fixed, and this gears with a worm j turned by the steering
wheel as is usual, so that the turning the worm will cause the carrying
wheel to be set at an angle to the frame a; the two bars e have at their
lower ends cross heads k, k, which are connected together by links 1, 1, henre
the wheels are kept parallel the one to the other.
When using a winding windlass for hauling cultivating implements by steam
power it is usual to employ a guiding or winding apparatus, which is fixed
opposite some part of the periphery of the hauling drum, for the purpose
of laying the coils of rope equally on to the drum. Now, when the hauling

page_text: drum turns on a vertical axis we arrange the guiding or winding apparatus so
that it can take any position around the hauling drum which the angle of the
rope may for the time require, so that in whatever direction the rope is being
wound from, the guiding apparatus readilyadjusts itself to its proper position.
This arrangement is clearly shown at Figures 3, and no further description
of it is necessary beyond that which is written on the Drawing.
In the construction of rotary cultivating implements to be actuated bysteam
power we employ one or more main cylinders or axles armed with prongs,
which by their weight penetrate into the land; and our improvement consists
in causing the main cylinder or axle to drive another or other similar axle
or axles, also armed with prongs, at a higher velocity than that at which
itself rotates, thus the main cylinder breaks up the land roughly, and the
second, being driven by it at greater speed, reduces the clods to a finer and
better condition. Two such axles with prongs form a cultivator to be turned
at the headland, but four or more can be used with advantage when mounted
on a balance frame.
Figure 4 is a side view of such an implement as we prefer to arrange it.
a is the frame mounted on wheels b,b, in a manner similar to that in which a
balance plough is mounted; it carries the bearings of the drums c, c, d, d
two of which are large and two small, as is shown; they have tines on their
circumference to penetrate the land. There is one large and one small drum
at each end of the frame, and these work together; the larger drum revolves
as the instrument is drawn forward in consequence of its tines penetrating the
land, and it drives the smaller drum at about four times its own surface speed
by means of an endless chain which passes over a chain wheel on its axis and
also over another chain wheel on the axis of the smaller drum.
In constructing windlasses for hauling cultivating implements by steam
power we arrange the winding drums in such manner that they can swing
partially round at an angle to each other or to the carriage or engine to which
they are attached, so that they may adjust themselves to the line of the hauling
Windlasses so arranged and combined with an engine are shown at
Figures 5, and a full description of the apparatus is written on the Drawing.
rope.
In constructing winding apparatus where drums mounted on horizontal
axesare employed we sometimes arrange the boiler engines and windlasses so
that they can turn partially round on their carriage frame so as to adjust the
plane of the drum to the line of draught. This may be accomplished by a
turn-plate or table arranged so that the machinery and the carriage frame
can readily be fixed in such a position that the hauling rope may be led on

page_text: at an angle to the carriage or engine frame. Other similar arrangements
may be made.
Figure 6 is an elevation, partly in section; and Figure 7 is a plan of winding
apparatus constructed according to this part of our Invention. « is the frame
mounted on four wheels b, b; it has an opening at the centre in which is the
upright boiler c and a double steam engine, of which the cylinders d, d, are
shown. On each side of the boiler are the winding drums e, e, driven as is
shewn. The whole of this arrangement is carried by four arms f, f, fixed to the
boiler and having friction pullies at their ends; these enter guides g, g, on the
frame a, and thus the engine and boiler is supported; and they can be turned
round as required to adjust the drums to the angles of the work. The partial
rotation may be given by a curved rack and worm wheel, not shown in the
Drawing,) or otherwise.
In witness whereof, we, the said David Greig and Richard Noddings,
have hereunto set our hands and seals this Fourth day of September,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
DAVID GREIG.
(L.S.)
RICHARD NODDINGS. (L.S.)