Improvements in metals and alloys or mixtures of the same
Year: 1885

page_text: 1 JOHN LEWTHWA
declare the nature of my invention to be as follows:―
This invention is based upon Letters Patent granted to me on the 27th March 1883
No 1553 entitled "Improvements in metals and alloys or mixtures of the same
and a later Letters Patent also granted to me dated the 13th February 1884
and numbered 3240 entitled "An improved method of manufacturing metals and
metallic alloys."
In the specifications of the above Letters Patent I have referred to the use of
titanic and other ores or suitable material in a finely comminuted condition,
sprinkled or otherwise distributed into upon or with clear fluid metal and I therein
nake mention of the use of such ores to metals in or coming from the ordinary
blast, cupola or other furnace. Now I have since discovered that my invention is
equally applicable for employment in the Bessemer or other converting vessel or
apparatus.
My invention therefore consists in an entirely new and highly useful economical
and advantageous method of producing soft or malleable iron, steely iron or
malleable steel castings by the use of such ores or materials and in the manner
described in the said patents in connection with the Bessemer or other like furnace
or appliance for decarburising iron.
To carry out my invention I charge any ordinary Bessemer or other like
decarburising apparatus with fluid metal from the blast by running it from a
receiver into the mouth of the vessel in the usual way and adding to it whilst
running, by scattering, throwing or sprinkling into, over or upon it a given
quantity of pulverised titanic iron ore or other metallic ore or ores or mixtures of
such, as is or are referred to in the above recited patents and afterwards blowing
or treating the mixture according to the usual Bessemer or other process of
decarburisation for a longer or shorter time according to the nature of the
requirement or the effect to be produced. By this means I obtain a perfectly fluid,

page_text: homogeneous and sufficiently decarburised material ready to be cast in moulds or
shapes of any reasonable size, weight or dimensions.
Should I find after the blowing or other like decarburising process that the
metal is too fluid or too hot to run quietly into the mould or moulds I scatter,
sprinkle, or throw into, over, or upon it during the process of emptying it into the
casting ladle another proportion or quantity of the like ore or ores or mixtures of
the same, for the purpose of cooling down or otherwise rendering the metal
suitable for moulding, or I throw into the overheated or too fluid metal, scrap or
other iron or material, or I allow the metal to remain in the casting ladle as long
as is necessary to bring it into the requisite state for moulding.
100K

page_text: An Improved Method of Producing Malleable Castings.
I, JOHN LEWTHWAITE, of 5 Carlton Place, Halifax, Yorks, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement-
"
This invention is based upon Letters Patent granted to me on the 27th March 1883,
N° 1553; entitled "Improvements in metals and alloys, or mixtures of the same;
and a later Letters Patent, also, granted to me, dated the 13th July 1884 and
numbered 3240, entitled "An improved method of manufacturing metals and
metallic alloys."
In the Specification of the above Letters Patent, I have referred to the use of
titanic and other ores, or suitable material, in a finely comminuted condition,
sprinkled, or otherwise distributed into, upon, or with clear fluid metal, and I
therein make mention of the use of such ores to metals, in, or coming from the
ordinary blast cupula or other furnace.
Now I have since discovered that my invention, is equally applicable for
employment in the Bessemer, or other converting vessel, or apparatus.
My invention therefore consists, in an entirely new, and highly useful economical,
and advantageous method of producing soft, or malleable iron, steely iron, or
malleable steel castings, by the use of such ores, or materials, and in the manner,
as described in the said Patents in connection with the Bessemer, or other like
furnace, or appliance for decarburising iron.
To carry out my invention, I charge any ordinary Bessemer, or other like
decarburising apparatus, with fluid metal from the blast, by running it from a
receiver into the mouth of the vessel in the usual way, and adding to it whilst
running, by scattering, throwing, or sprinkling into, over, or upon it, a given
quantity of pulverised titanic iron ore, or other metallic ore, or ores, or mixtures
of such as is, or are referred to in the above recited Patents, and afterwards blowing,
or treating the mixture according to the usual Bessemer, or other process of
decarburisation for a longer, or shorter time, according to the nature of the
requirement, or the effect to be produced.
By this means I obtain a perfectly fluid, homogeneous and sufficiently decarburised
material, ready to be cast in moulds, or shapes of any reasonable size, weight, or
dimensions.
Should I find after the blowing, or other like decarburising process, that the
metal is too fluid, or too hot to run quietly into the mould, or moulds, I scatter,
sprinkle, or throw into, over, or upon it during the process of emptying it into
the casting ladle, another proportion, or quantity of the like ore, or ores, or
mixtures of the same for the purpose of cooling down, or otherwise rendering the
metal suitable for moulding; or throw into the overheated, or too fluid metal,
scrap, or other iron, or material, or. I allow the metal to remain in the casting ladle
as long as is necessary to bring it into the requisite state for moulding.

page_text: also add the titanic ore or ores, or other metallic ore, or ores in a finely pulverised
state, as hereinbefore described after the blowing of the Bessemer, or other like
decarburising process, and whilst it is being poured into the casting ladle when
after being sufficiently cooled, it is poured into the moulds, or casting boxes.
By this means, I am able to produce superior castings direct from the blast
furnace, without the necessity of reheating, or the use, or application of any other
purifying process; when I require extra ductility, or malleability, I introduce in
the like manner as hereinbefore described, also in a finely pulverised condition
corundum or other ore, or ores of aluminum.
The cooling down may be expedited, by adding wrought iron, or steel scrap to
the fluid metal after it has been poured or during the process of pouring from the
mouth of the Bessemer, or other convertor.
Also I make excellent homogeneous castings, suitable for many valuable and
important purposes by throwing, as before described, the pulverised ore, or ores
into, over, or upon the molten metal as it flows from the blast furnace into a
casting ladle.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
The improved method of operating upon fluid metals while in or running from
the Bessemer, blast or like furnace, as and for the purpose, or purposes set forth.
TL 10
H. GARDNER,
Agent for the said J. Lewthwaite.