Improvements in Hydrometers.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Mar., 1890-Accepted, 26th Apr., 1890
GANDIDATA
Improvements in Hydrometers.
We, AUGUST EICHHORN, of 6 Seilergasse, Dresden, Saxony, in the Empire of
Germany, Mechanician and RICHARD JASPER of 4 Seilorgasse aforesaid Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of our said invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:
The object of our invention is to manufacture improved hydrometers, suitable for
ascertaining the specific gravities of both liquids and gases.
And in order that our said invention may be particularly described and ascertained,
reference is hereby made to the accompanying drawings.
Our invention consists of a tube a, having any suitable scale formed thereon. At
the lower end of this tube are three hollow bulbs, bc and f. The bulb & serves to
sustain the instrument and to establish a stable equilibrium, when placed in water or
other liquid. The bulb c has an opening at d, where it is fitted with a movable
stopper. e is a balance weight formed upon the bulb c, to balance the weight of the
neck and stopper d and ensure the vertical position of the instrument, when floating.
The bulb carries a small quantity of mercury, which acts as ballast to the
instrument.
The determination of the specific gravity of a fluid is effected by filling the bulb o
with some of the fluid required to be tested, at a temperature of 15° C (or at any
other temperature for which the instrument has been proviously set), and the stopper d
is placed in the opening; care being taken that no air bubble is left in the bulb. The
instrument is then floated in distilled water, at a temperature of from 15° to 17.5° C.,
and the specific gravity of the fluid contained in the bulb c is read off by means of
the scale on the tube a, in the usual manner.
The instrument can be constructed and arranged for ascertaining the specific
gravities of fluids which are lighter or heavier than water, or any other initial
standard of comparison.
Figs. 1 shows the instrument arranged to test specific gravities below that of
water. Figs. 2 and 3, show scales for fluids having specific gravities above that of
water, and Fig. 4 shows a scale indicating specific gravities, both above and below
the standard.
The instrument may be varied in form and proportion, so as to adapt it for
immersion in other fluids and liquids, such (for instance) as concentrated sulphuric
acid; absolute alcohol: other: &c.; the scale on the tube a being provided with
corresponding divisions suitable thereto.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is :-
1. In the construction of hydrometers for the purposes aforesaid, the combination,
with the tube a, of a displacement bulb b, a test bulb c. and a ballast bulb, severally
operating substantially as herein before described and illustrated by the drawings.
2. The improvements in hydrometers substantially as hereinbefore described and
illustrated by the drawings.
D
100
2
. 1000
GEO. DOWNING,
8, Quality Court, London, W.C., Agent for Applicants.