New or Improved Manufacture or Production of Fertilizing Material.
Year: 1897

page_text: New or Improved Manufacture or Production of Fertilizing
Material.
I, JAMES EDWARD JOHNSON JOHNSON, F.I.C., F.C.S., of Crown Works, Marsh (ate
Lane, Stratford, in the County of Essex, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:--
In the manufacture of beer and other alcoholic liquids, yeast is frequently
produced in quantities so largely in excess of any demands for its use as to render it
practically a waste product.
From the quantity of nitrogen which it contains yeast possesses considerable
fertilizing value.
This invention has for object the treatment of the yeast in such manner as to
enable this fertilizing property to be utilized.
According to one method of treatment the thin or liquid yeast is deprived of a
large portion of the liquid with which it is mixed by pressure in the ordinary
manner and the resulting cake further dried by artificial means so as to quickly
remove moisture therefrom and prevent its decomposition. After drying it is
pulverized by any suitable means or if the yeast be in the pressed condition when
received it is at once ready for the drying process.
It may sometimes happen that the drying cannot be conveniently carried far
enough with the yeast in the cake condition. In such cases the pulverized yeast is
subjected to a further artificial drying process at a temperature sufficiently low to
avoid injury to the ferment.
The powdered and dessicated yeast may if desired be applied directly to the land
in this condition or it may with advantage be mixed with dry loam or phosphate rock
chemically or otherwise prepared or with other suitable earth or fertiliser or fertilisers.
When this is done the final drying of the ground yeast may be dispensed with, the
added loam or other material serving to absorb the moisture in the yeast and prevent
the rapid decomposition thereof.
According to another method of treatment the liquid or thin yeast before pressing,
or the pressed variety may be evaporated by suitable means (in vacuum evaporating
apparatus for example) to a consistency equivalent to about 14 lbs. of yeast to the
gallon at ordinary temperatures though when treating the pressed yeast a small
quantity of liquid would have to be added to render it sufficiently fluid for treatment
in the vacuum or other evaporating apparatus.
The further drying of the yeast may be conducted similarly to the final drying
referred to in the first herein described method of treatment.
In order to avoid the decomposition of the liquid yeast before and during
treatment a suitable antiseptic such for example as benzoate of soda or phosphoric
acid and the like may be added.
The finished product or yeast powder or mixture should be similarly treated with

page_text: an antiseptic if it is required to be kept for any considerable length of time or is
subject to conditions that may injure the yeast.
D
OLL
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New or Improved Manufacture or Production of Fertilizing
Material.
I, JAMES EDWARD JOHNSON JOHNSON, F.I.C., F.C.S., of Crown Works, Marsh Gate
Lane, Stratford, in the County of Essex, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
In the manufacture of beer and other alcoholic liquids, yeast is frequently
produced in quantities so largely in excess of any demands for its use as to render
it practically a waste product.
Owing to the quantity of nitrogen which it contains, yeast possesses considerable
fertilizing value, and this invention has for object the treatment of the yeast in such
manner as to enable this fertilizing property to be utilized.
According to one method of treatment, the thin or liquid yeast is deprived of a
large portion of the liquid with which it is mixed by pressure in the ordinary
manner, for example in a filter press or hydraulic press, and the resulting cake is
further dried by artificial means, as for example by breaking it up and placing it in
an ordinary open evaporating pan which may be heated by the heat of a fire, or by
steam within a steam jacket at the bottom of the pan, or by an easily fusible metal
that is enclosed within a chamber between the pan and a furnace and is melted by
the heat of a fire, so as to maintain the pan at an approximately even temperature
sufficient only for effecting the evaporation. The evaporating pan is fitted with an
agitating device adapted to maintain the mass of broken up material in motion so
as to facilitate its drying and prevent it adhering to the surface of the pan. In this
way the moisture is quickly removed from the yeast so that subsequent fermentation
thereof is prevented or retarded. After drying, the yeast is pulverized by any
suitable means and contains about 8% of nitrogen. If the yeast be in the pressed
condition when received, it is at once ready for the drying process hereinbefore
described.
It may sometimes happen that the drying cannot be conveniently carried far
enough with the yeast in the broken up cake condition. In such cases the yeast is
subjected to a further artificial drying process in such a way as to avoid injury to the
ferment. This further drying may conveniently be effected by placing the yeast
on trays resting on shelves in a drying chamber through which a current of warm
air is aspirated.
The powdered and desiccated yeast may, if desired, be applied directly to the
Jand in this condition, or it may with advantage be mixed with dry loam, or
phosphate rock chemically or otherwise prepared, or with other suitable earth or
fertilizer or fertilizers. When this is done the final or further drying of the ground
yeast above referred to may be dispensed with, the added loam or other material
serving to absorb the moisture in the yeast and prevent rapid decomposition
thereof.
According to another method of treatment, the liquid or thin, .i.e. semi-liquid,
yeast before pressing, or the pressed variety, may be evaporated by suitable means,

page_text: as for example in vacuum evaporating apparatus, to a consistency equivalent to about
14 lbs. of yeast to the gallon at ordinary temperatures. When treating pressed
yeast according to this method, it is better to add a small quantity of liquid, for
example water, to render the yeast sufficiently liquid for treatment in the vacuum
or other evaporating apparatus.
The further drying of the yeast may be conducted similarly to the final drying
referred to in the first herein described method of treatment.
In order to avoid the decomposition of the liquid or semi-liquid yeast during aud
after treatment, a small quantity, say % of the bulk of the yeast operated upon, of
a suitable antiseptic, such for example as benzoate of soda, or phosphoric acid or the
like, may be added to it.
The finished product or yeast powder or mixture should be similarly treated with
an antiseptic, say with about 1% thereof, if it is required to be kept for any
considerable length of time, or is subject to conditions that may injure the yeast.
When the finished yeast is to be stored, it should be enclosed in hermetically sealed
vessels so as to avoid contact with air.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manuer the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. The hereinbefore described manufacture or production of fertilizing material
from yeast by depriving liquid or semi-liquid yeast of a large portion of its contained
liquid by pressure or evaporation, further drying the resultant material by artificial
means, and pulverizing the dried product, substantially as herein described.
2. In the manufacture or production of fertilizing material as specified in the
preceding claim, subjecting the pulverized product to a further artificial drying
process at a suitable temperature, substantially as described.
3. The manufacture of the herein described fertilizing material consisting of yeast,
with or without admixture of an antiseptic, substantially as herein described.
4. The manufacture of the herein described fertilizing material consisting of yeast
and dry loam, or a phosphate, or other fertilizer or fertilizers, with or without an
antiseptic, substantially as herein described.
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