IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF LOOPED PILE FABRICS
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Lennard, of Belgrave Gate, in the Borough
of Leicester, Mechanic, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF LOOPED PILE FABRICS."
Sealed the 21st June 1861, and dated the 15th April 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Lennard at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
April 1861.
I, FREDERICK LENNARD, of Belgrave Gate, in the Borough of Leicester,
5. Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LOOPED PILE FABRICS," to be as follows:-―
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of looped
pile fabrics. For these purposes the warp or the weft used in weaving.
fabrics is made with loops, which in the manufactured fabrics become the
looped uncut pile on one or both sides, and such warp or weft is produced by
preference in the following manner :-A warp frame such as is used in the
manufacture of loop fabrics is employed, and opposite pairs of needles at
suitable intervals apart. Two or more guides are placed on suitable bars in
such manner that two or more warp threads carried by the guides may be
caused to be lapped or worked with each of the selected pairs of needles. Thus
supposing only two warp threads be used in producing a narrow fabric suitable
for carrying out my Invention, one warp thread for producing the looped body
or chain of the fabric on the two needles, and the other warp thread to
produce the projecting loops at the edges of such body, one warp thread is to

page_text: be caused to work with the two needles, whilst the other warp thread is to be
caused to lap over other needles to the left and also over other needles to the
right of the pair of needles first mentioned, depending on the length of the pro-
jecting loops at the edges of the body of the fabric. And in order to keep these
loops, which are made to the left and right of the body of the fabric, extended
till the loops thus made are tied or fixed in the body of the fabric, the loops
made to the left and to the right are alternately knocked off the needles on
which they are made, or the loops as they are produced at the edges of the
body of the fabric may be otherwise held extended whilst they are being fixed
in the body of the fabric. In place of the body of the fabric being only made
of one warp thread and the loops at the edges thereof being made by another
thread, the body may be made of two or more warp threads, and two or more
warp threads may be used in producing the loops at the edges of the body of the
fabric, and it is not essential that projecting loops should in all cases be made at
both edges of the narrow fabric. It should be stated that although it is preferred
to employ narrow fabrics produced in the manner above described in carrying
out my Invention, similar narrow fabrics, that is, narrow fabrics having loops
projecting at the edges, may be produced when working with warp and shuttle
looms. The narrow fabrics with projecting loops on the edges are, as before
stated, to be used in producing woven fabrics as weft or as warp, by preference
as weft threads, with a suitable warp of yarns, and the loops at one or both
edges are to be brought to one or both surfaces of the fabrics as the same are
woven, by which looped pile on one or both surfaces of the manufactured
fabrics will result from the loops at the edge or edges of the narrow fabrics.
It should be stated that fabrics with cut pile have been before produced by
employing as weft or warp narrow fabrics with cut or projecting edges, the
peculiarity of this Invention consists in producing uncut or looped pile fabrics
as above explained.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Frederick Lennard in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 3
12th October 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
LENNARD, of Belgrave Gate, in the Borough of Leicester, Mechanic, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters 3
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord

page_text: One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Frederick Lennard, Her special licence that I, the said Frederick Lennard,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Frede-
rick Lennard, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF LOOPED PILE FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Frederick Lennard, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should.
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed.
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW. YE, that I, the said Frederick Lennard, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained. in and by the following statement
thereof, that is to say::-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of looped.
pile fabrics. For these purposes the warp or the weft used in weaving fabrics
is made with loops, which in the manufactured fabrics become the looped uncut.
pile on one or both sides, and such warp or weft is produced, by preference, in
the following manner :-A warp frame, such as is used in the manufacture of
loop fabrics is employed, and opposite pairs of needles at suitable intervals apart.
Two or more guides are placed on suitable bars in such manner that two or
more warp threads carried by the guides may be caused to be lapped or worked
with each of the selected pairs of needles. Thus, supposing only two warp threads
be used in producing a narrow fabric suitable for carrying out my Invention, one
warp thread for producing the looped body or chain of the fabric on the two
needles, and the other warp thread to produce the projecting loops at the edges
of such body, one warp thread is to be caused to work with the two needles,
whilst the other warp thread is to be caused to lap over other needles to the
left, and also over other needles to the right of the pair of needles first
mentioned, depending on the length of the projecting loops at the edges of the
body of the fabric, and in order to keep these loops which are made to the left
and right of the body of the fabric extended, till the loops thus made are tied
or fixed in the body of the fabric, the loops made to the left and to the right

page_text: are alternately knocked off the needles on which they are made. Or the loops
as they are produced at the edges of the body of the fabric may be otherwise held
extended whilst they are being fixed in the body of the fabric. In place of the
body of the fabric being only made of one warp thread, and the loops at the
edges thereof being made by another thread, the body may be made of two or
more warp threads, and two or more warp threads may be used in producing.
the loops at the edges of the body of the fabric, and it is not essential that
projecting loops should in all cases be made at both edges of the narrow
fabric. It should be stated, that although it is preferred to employ narrow
fabrics produced in the manner above described in carrying out my Invention,
similar narrow fabrics, that is, narrow fabrics having loops projecting at the
edges, may be produced when working with warp and shuttle looms.
The narrow fabrics with projecting loops on the edges are, as before stated,
to be used in producing woven fabrics as weft or as warp, by preference as
weft threads with a suitable warp of yarns, and the loops at one or both edges
are to be brought to one or both surfaces of the fabrics as the same are
woven, by which looped pile on one or both surfaces of the manufactured
fabrics will result from the loops at the edge or edges of the narrow fabrics..
These narrow fabrics having been produced, as above explained, may be
employed as weft or warp in weaving a fabric in the state in which the narrow
fabrics come from the machine, or such narrow fabrics may be first twisted so
that they will then be like chenille, but with this difference, that the pile will
consist of loops in place of cut pile.
It should be stated that fabrics with cut pile have been before produced by
employing as weft or warp narrow fabrics with cut projecting edges; the
peculiarity of this Invention consists in producing uncut or looped pile fabrics
by employing as weft or warp narrow fabrics with loops at their edges, as
above explained.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Lennard, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Tenth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
FREDERICK LENNARD. (L.S.)