A NEW OR IMPROVED DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS WHEREOF ARE APPLICABLE TO AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF DYNAMO- ELECTRIC MACHINES GENERALLY
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Shackleton Hallett, Director of the "Electrolytic Company"
Charlotte Street Blackfriars in the county of Surrey and of No 1 Hare Court
Temple in the city of London Esquire Barrister at Law for an invention of
A NEW OR IMPROVED DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
WHEREOF ARE APPLICABLE TO AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF DYNAMO-
ELECTRIC MACHINES GENERALLY
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Shackleton Hallett at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st May 1882.
SHACKLETON HALLETT Director of "The Electrolytic Company" Charlotte Street
Blackfriars in the County of Surrey and of No 1 Hare Court Temple in the City
of London Esquire Barrister at Law "A NEW OR IMPROVED DYNAMO ELECTRIC
MACHINE CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS WHEREOF ARE APPLICABLE TO AND IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES GENERALLY
»
This Invention relates to the construction of a new or improved dynamo electric
machine and to certain improvements in such machines the object being to obtain
by improved arrangement and construction of parts currents of varied intensity
from one and the same machine thus enabling persons engaged in the deposition
of metals to work two or more vats containing different solutions by the same
machine and at the same time and whilst carrying on the deposition of various
metals to light their factories from a current obtained from the same machine and
further by simplifying the parts to lessen the cost of manufacturing machines and
also by an improved method of coiling, winding, covering and making up the
magnets to obtain a larger proportion of current per horse power expended than
can be otherwise obtained.
I construct my improved machines as follows, upon a shaft I place circular
rings upon which are bolted armature magnets standing out radially therefrom, the
number of these armature magnet rings being lessened or increased according to
the required power of the machine..

page_text: tator.
The armature shaft at either end is carried through bosses or bearings in brass
or gun-metal standards one of which is an insulated bearing or one of the standards
is insulated from the bed plate and at one end (in the case of smaller machines)
there is provided a pulley or driving pinion and at the other end is the commu-
In machines of larger size and also in duplex machines intended either for
light and deposition or for deposition by two currents of varied intensity, I place
the driving pinion or pulley on the centre part of the shaft of the machine instead
of at the end; and I place a commutator at each extremity of the armature shaft;
and on each side of the central pinion are standards through bushes in which the
armature shaft revolves. The field magnets for machines of smaller size in which
two of the armature rings are used are constructed as follows;—
That is the cores are bolted to a face plate which also carries a laterally projecting
pole piece and this face plate, pole piece and core is (taken collectively) bolted to
standards of gun metal brass or any non-magnetic material these cores extend from
one standard to the other and as to the winding it may be continuous or be divided
by means of a ring or collar of insulating material in which latter case there
will thus be provided the machine capable of yielding the different qualities of
current.
The field magnets for machines of the larger size are placed in position radially
in relation to the axis of the shaft and armature ring or body and the magnets
thereon and with segmental pole pieces extending below and facing the pole pieces
of the armature magnets
For holding these field magnets a gun metal ring or rings is or are employed
through which holes are bored to receive the ends of the radial magnet cores and
these said cores are screw threaded on the inner ends which will project inwards of
the ring for a short distance and take into tapped holes in the pole pieces and said
pole pieces will advantageously be recessed into the gun metal rings which said
rings will be furnished with bracket pieces or ears with holes for bolting down to
the bed of the machine an exterior ring may be employed for holding the field
magnets
Any number of these sets of field magnets and corresponding armature rings and
magnets may be employed in one machine with one shaft common to them all for
machines of any degree of capacity. When say six or more of these sets are
employed it will be advisable to mount the driving pulley or pinion in the
middle portion of the shaft with the sets arranged on each side and when
the machine is to be used for two qualities of current two commutators will be
employed and the connections of each half of the machine will be carried out
separately to its commutator and brushes completing separate working circuits.
For the commutator body, which is made as usual in sections, in order to prevent
the sections from shifting laterally holes are drilled longitudinally so that one part
of said holes is in one section and part in the other said holes being also screw
tapped for convenience and reception of plugs of insulating material.
The brush holder is constructed for facility of adjustment of the brushes to the
face of the commutator as follows;-
The brush holder support is a metal piece encircling the bearing boss of the
standard and a curved slot concentric with the axis of the shaft is provided in the
top portion of the piece through which slot passes a screw bolt provided with a fly
head for facility of turning and the screw takes into a tapped hole in the standard;
this enables the brush holder support to be readily tightened in position or loosened
for adjustment of the brushes. There are two insulated sockets at each end of the
support wherein the brush holders are held by screws and nuts and the stems of
said brush holders where they fit in the sockets are flatted on one side and a spring
in a box in connection with the sockets acts against the flatted part of the stems so
as to give a pressure forward to the brush holders and so that the brushes will be
held to the commutator with a firm but sufficiently yielding pressure. At the back
of the socket there is provided a double nut for purpose of holding at once the

page_text: stems of the brush holders and a connecting piece with a hole into which the cable
will be soldered to ensure perfect contact.
Four brushes are used to each commutator for better contact avoiding sparking
and consequent destruction of the commutator shell.
The magnets are wound in the usual way with fine or thick properly insulated
copper wire as usual or I wind the armature magnets with iron wire properly
insulated or with copper wire covered with iron and insulated or with iron wire
covered with copper or any other metal of a superior conductivity properly insu-
lated or I use magnet cores composed of soft iron and having a deeply cut thread
in the substance of the column of the core and in this thread I wind copper wire
properly insulated.
I construct a composite core for the armature magnets of thin discs or plates of
soft iron with a central core of soft iron which is carried out through the pole
piece. Upon these composite cores I wind insulated copper wire between the discs
or plates and said discs or plates are insulated from each other and the intermediate
coils or the winding may be upon the whole body without the parts of the core
being insulated from each.
In machines for some purposes I introduce in the field, permanent magnets
alternating with electro magnets that is each one of the permanent magnets side by
side with its alternate electro magnet throughout the "field"
"

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Shackleton Hallett in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
30th November 1882.
SHACKLETON HALLETT Director of "The Electrolytic Company " Charlotte Street
Blackfriars in the County of Surrey and of 1 Hare Court Temple in the City of
London Esquire Barrister at Law "A NEW OR IMPROVED DYNAMO ELECTRIC
MACHINE CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS WHEREOF ARE APPLICABLE TO AND IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF DYNAMO MACHINES GENERALLY
This Invention relates to the construction of a new or improved dynamo electric
machine and to certain improvements in such machines the object being to obtain
by improved arrangement and construction of parts currents of varied intensity
from one and the same machine thus enabling persons engaged in the deposition of
metals to work two or more vats containing different solutions by the same
machine and at the same time whilst carrying on the deposition of various metals
to light their factories from a current obtained froin the same machine and further
by simplifying the parts to lessen the cost of manufacturing machines and also by
an improved method of coiling, winding or covering the magnets to obtain a larger
proportion of current per horse power expended than can otherwise be obtained.
In sheet 1 of the drawings wherein the construction of a small machine is
illustrated.
Fig. 1 is a side view of the improved machine partly in section the magnet cores
on the left hand being shown coiled.
Fig. 2 is a plan wherein none of the magnets are shown coiled.
Fig. 3 is an end view of the improved machine but without the brush holder in
position
Fig. 4 is a transverse section at line a, b Fig. 2
Fig 5 is an isometrical view of one end of the machine shewing method of
mounting or carrying the field magnets
Figs 6 and 6a are plan view and transverse section respectively of the armature
body uncoiled and cast of one piece.
Figs. 7 and 7a show face and side views of the brush holder detached.
In Sheet 2. Fig. 1 is a side view of machine mounted for duplex current the
parts on the left hand are shown in section and the magnets on the right hand are
shown coiled.
Fig. 2 is a plan or top view of Fig 1 wherein none of the magnets are shown
coiled
Fig. 3 an end view of machine but without the brush holder in position.
Figs. 4 and 4a show in plan and section arrangement and fitting of the field
magnets and Fig. 46 details of the parts thereof.
Figs. 5 and 5a show in plan and section the construction of the armature body
uncoiled
Fig. 6 shows side view of the brush holder, Fig 6a a face view of same arranged
for holding four brushes and Fig. 6b a like view for holding two brushes.
Figs. 7a and 7 are longitudinal section and end view of the permanent set of
sections of the commutator slitted for reception of the movable sections.
Figs 8 and 8a are like views of the movable sections of the commutator the
six views of Fig 8 representing central sections of each successive piece in the
order in which they will be fitted.

page_text: Figs 9 and 9a are longitudinal and central transverse sections respectively of the
commutator parts fitted together but without the insulation between the parts;
the complete fitting being shown by section on left hand side Fig. 1.
The construction is as follows:-
.
Upon a shaft A I place circular rings B upon which are bolted or cast therewith
armature magnet cores C, standing out radially therefrom.
The number of these armature magnet rings being lessened or increased
according to the required power of the machine.
The armature shaft A, at either end is carried through bosses or bearings in
brass or gun metal or non-magnetic metal standards A' (as shown by section
Fig. 1 Sheet 1) one of which is an insulated bearing; or one of the standards is
insulated from the bed plate. At one end (in the case of smaller machines see
Sheet 1) there is provided a pulley or driving pinion A2 and at the other end is the
commutator D. In machines of larger size and also in duplex machines intended
either for light and deposition or for deposition by two currents of varied intensity
or for electrolysis, I place the driving pulley or pinion A2 on the centre part of the.
shaft of the machine as shown in sheet 2, instead of at the end and I place a
commutator D, at each extremity of the armature shaft A, and on each side of the
central pinion are standards through bushes in which the armature shaft revolves
and in this case of duplex machines both the bearings of the shaft must be
insulated.
The field magnets E for machines of smaller size, Sheet 1, in which two of the
armature rings are used are constructed as follows, that is, the cores a are bolted
to a face plate b which also carries a laterally projecting pole piece c, and this
face plate b, pole piece c and core a is (taken collectively) bolted to the standards A'
of gun metal brass or any non-magnetic material by the bolts h. Moreover these
cores as shewn extend from one standard to the other and as to the winding it
may be continuous for a single current machine or be divided by means of a ring
or collar d of insulating material as shewn. Again the machine may be constructed
with the field magnet cores non-continuous from side to side that is with an open
space between the opposite field magnets instead of employing the insulating collar d
and with the fields and armature bodies set more apart on the shaft on a longer
bed plate, the driving pulley may be provided at the centre of the shaft as will be
more fully hereinafter illustrated by and in the description of sheet 2 of the
drawings.
The field magnets for machines of the larger size are similarly placed around the
armature but as shown in the modification Sheet 2 in position radially in relation
to the axis of the shaft and armature ring or body and the magnets thereon and
with segmental pole pieces c Figs 1, 3, 4 and 4a extending below and facing the
pole pieces of the armature magnets. These successive field magnet pole pieces
form approximately an annular space wherein runs the armature
The details of commutator are not shown in the drawing Sheet 1 In Figs. 1
and 7 to 9a the commutator is shewn in detail for use in the same machine with
the armature body Fig. 5, the sections of the armature in number corresponding to
the segments of the commutator Figs. 7 and 7a show the permanent set of sections
of the commutator body formed of one cylindrical piece slitted longitudinally
throughout that part of its length which is to be subsequently occupied by the
movable sections. The said movable sections are shown in the collective figure 8
and one illustrative figure 8a in successive order in which they will be fitted into
the permanent body piece. In so fitting them together there is to be placed
between the ring piece r of the movable sections a ring of insulating material but
the blades are to be sufficiently thin to leave clearance between them and to
prevent the parts shifting laterally, holes are bored longitudinally (as indicated by
the solid black circles Fig. 9a so that part of said holes is in one section and part
in the other, said holes being also screw tapped for convenience and reception of
plugs of insulating material which will effect the object.

page_text: The brush holder is constructed for facility of adjustment of the brushes to the
face of the commutator as follows:-
The brush holder support F, is a metal piece encircling the bearing boss of the
standard A' and a curved slot e concentric with the axis of the shaft is provided
in the top portion of the piece through which slot passes, a screw bolt provided
with a fly head for facility of turning and the screw takes into a tapped hole in a
projection As sheet 1, of the standard or into the bed plate as shown in Sheet 2,
this enables the brush holder support F to be readily tightened in position or
loosened for adjustment of the brushes.
There are two insulated sockets e¹ shown in Figs. 2 and 7a Sheet 1 and Fig. Gb
Sheet 2, and four in Figs. 1, 2. 6. and 6ª Sheet 2 held upon support F by means
of nut f. and the stems of the brush holders F2 fit in the said sockets e¹ said stems
being flattened on one side which flattened part is acted upon either by set
screws f¹ Figs 2 and 7a, Sheet 1, or as shown in Figs. 1, 2, 6, 6a and 66 Sheet 2
by the spring plunger f2 in the boxes f³ said boxes being screwed into the
sockets e¹.
The spring plunger f2 acts against the flattened part of the stems of the brush
holders so as to give a pressure to the brush holders forward towards the com-
mutator so that the brushes will be held to the commutator with a firm but
sufficiently yielding pressure.
The nut as shown in sheet 1 serves for purpose of holding at once the
brush holder sockets and a flexible copper cable connecting piece g which piece g
will be carried to the main circuit terminal g²
As shown in sheet 2 four brushes can be used to each commutator for better
contact, avoiding sparking and consequent destruction of the commutator shell and
the cable connection g here shown is taken from the terminal g' to the main circuit
terminals g³, g³
In sheet 1 the further conductors of the circuit are not indicated but in reference
to Sheet 2 Figs 1 and 2 there are traced the main circuit conductors. The field
magnet wires are (according to the quality of current desired) arranged in multiple
arc or series and connected with the main conductors g, g shown in dotted lines
Fig. 2 at one end only of the machine for purpose of simplification. The piece g
is carried to one of the terminals T of the machine; 98 being carried to g₁ and g³
cable is connected by go to the other terminal T of the machine.
These terminals and main current conductors are perfectly insulated from the bed
plate and the bolts g7 serving as holders for the conductors g³, gs are also perfectly
insulated.
The armature coils are arranged in multiple are or series and connected up as
usual to the commutator. In references to said Figs. 1 and 2 Sheet 2 the foregoing
description applies to the opposite end of the machine and corresponding parts are
provided
As shown in the modification sheet 2 for holding the field magnets a gunmetal
or nonmagnetic metal ring or rings G is or are employed through which holes are
bored to receive the attaching screws h of magnet cores H arranged radially said
attaching screws passing through holes in the pole piece c to hold same in position
in recesses in the rings G which said rings will be furnished with bracket pieces or
ears I with holes for bolting down to the bed of the machine. Any number of sets
of these "ring sets of field magnets and corresponding armature rings and magnets
may be employed in a machine with one shaft common to them all for machines
of any degree of capacity and the connections will be made accordingly. When
two (as shown in Sheet 2) or more of these sets are employed the driving pulley
or pinion will be mounted in the middle portion of the shaft with the sets arranged
on each side and when the machine is to be used for two qualities of currents the
two commutators and sets of connections will be employed, both bearings of the
standards will be insulated and the connections of each half of the machine will be

page_text: carried out separately to its commutator and brushes completing separate working
circuits and this will also be the case with the machine shown in Sheet 1
Further in this duplex construction of machine the positions of the sets of field
magnets will be arranged to occupy alternate radial planes in relation one to the
other instead of being as shown opposite to each other so as to counteract as much
as possible the resistance to the driving of the armature shaft set up by the
magnetism.
As to the armature the magnet cores are to be set up upon the body rings B and
in this way one set of patterns and fittings can serve with a longer shaft and bed
plate for machines of higher power by increasing the number of sets which will
be connected up as usual. The armature drawing Sheet 1 will require no further
description and as to that in sheet 2 Figs and 5a there is employed a composite
core for the magnets. The pole pieces c are of soft iron with a central core c¹
carried therethrough and this part I cast and turn up and wind, and then drive
on to the ring B with a "tight fit" and fasten by key k. The winding will be
around core c¹ and in other respects as usual with card board shellac covered
insulation. This construction of armature may be used in either modification of
construction of machines. This construction is particularly advantageous for
intensity machines.
In machines for some purposes there may be introduced in the field permanent
magnets alternating with electro magnets that is each one of the permanent
magnets side by side with its alternate electro magnet throughout the field.
The terminals of the machine are lettered T, T
Having now described the nature and particulars of the said Invention I
claim-
Firstly. The improved construction of dynamo electric machine with the ring
sets of armature magnets and ring sets of field magnets mounted upon and around
the armature shaft carrying the commutator or commutators and driving pulley
and connected up as described whether the field magnets be arranged horizontally
as described and shown in sheet 1 of the drawings or radially as described in
reference to and shown by sheet 2 of the drawings the whole constructed and
operating as and for the purpose herein set forth.
Secondly. In dynamo-electric machines the construction of the armature body
as herein described in reference to and shown by sheet 2 of the drawings.
Thirdly In dynamo-electric machines the construction of the commutator as
herein described in reference to and shown by the drawings sheet 2.
Fourthly The construction of the brush holder as herein described in reference
to and shown by the drawings.
In witness whereof I the said Shackleton Hallett have hereunto set my hand
and seal this twenty eighth day of November in the year of our Lord one
thousand eight hundred and eighty-two.
In the presence of
WALTER A. 'BARLOW
Patent Agent & Engineer
6 St Pauls Churchyard
London EC
SHACKLETON HALLETT (L.S.)