IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPLIANCES FOR COVERING LOAVES OF SUGAR TO PROTECT THE SAME FROM DAMAGE AND WASTE.
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Pulsford, of Hull, in the County of
York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPLIANCES
FOR COVERING LOAVES OF SUGAR TO PROTECT THE SAME FROM DAMAGE AND
WASTE.'
"
Scaled the 5th March 1875, and dated the 24th December 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Pulsford at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th December 1874.
I, EDWARD PULSFORD, of Hull, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS
OR APPLIANCES FOR COVERING LOAVES OF SUGAR TO PROTECT THE SAME FROM Damage
AND WASTE," to be as follows:-
The objects of this Invention are to provide coverings for sugar loaves
as a means of preventing the losses and annoyances arising from the
present method of covering the same with paper tied with string, for so

page_text: covered they are generally in a perfect condition when sent from the
refinery, but during transit and in consequence of frequent romovals and
warehousings tho papers and strings come off, exposing the sugar to
damage by dirt and loss of weight, and necessitating much expense for
labor and material in re-papering.
The means whereby I carry into effect the above objects are as
follows:-I provide covers for sugar loaves made of any suitable material,
for instance, canvas, such covers being made of the exact size and shape
of the loaf. When applied to a sugar loaf the loaf is slipped top first
into the cover, and on the bottom of the loaf is placed a circular plate
or board, the cover is passed over the loaf and plate, and drawn tightly
over the same by means of a cord, and is secured by a ring of metal,
such ring securing the cover to the plate at the bottom of the loaf; or
instead of the cover being made of canvas, it may, if desired, be made of
strawboard, millboard, or other masticated or pulped material capable of
being moulded or formed to fit the sugar loaf, said cover being secured
at the bottom of the loaf by any suitablo mcans, as, for instance, the
cover of the loaf may terminate at the edges of the bottom of the loaf,
and on the bottom will be placed a plate or sheet of board the size of
the bottom, so that the edges of the plate and also of the covering will
meet at the bottom edges of the loaf and the cover, and bottom board
will be secured by suitable material running round the edges, uniting
the edges and bottom. I prefer to wrap the sugar loaf in thin paper
previous to placing samo in the cover, so as to keep the loaf perfectly
clean.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Lottors Patont,
filed by the said Edward Pulsford in the Great Scal Patent Office
on the 23rd June 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, Edward
PULSFORD, of Hull, in the County of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Hor
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of December, in the

page_text: year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Edward Pulsford, Her special
licence that I, the said Edward Pulsford, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Edward Pulsford, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS
IN MEANS OR APPLIANCES FOR COVERING LOAVES OF SUGAR TO PROTECT SAME
FROM DAMAGE AND WASTE," upon the condition (amongst others) that. I,
the said Edward Pulsford, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters

page_text: edges of the plate or disc and also of the covering will meet at the
bottom edges of the loaf, and the cover and bottom board will be secured
by suitable material running round the edges uniting the edges and
bottom.
If preferred I use over strawboard or paper or both combined, in placo
of the cloth cover, a network of strong cord or twine worked into shapo
of the loaf, and secured at the bottom merely by tying, or tying in con-
junction with any other suitable fastening.
Instead of adopting arrangements in manner and form hercin-before
described I sometimes adopt the following:-The plate or board which
covers the bottom of the loaf I make of the form of the bottom of tho
sugar loaf, but from the centre of the said disc a portion of the material
is cut out, leaving however a certain portion in the centre of the plate,
or the centro of the disc is completely cut through. The covering for
the sugar loaf is made long enough to be right in the centre of the
hollow thus made in the disc, and a piece of metal is then nailed down
into the hollow, making all secure, or when the disc is cut completely
through then the nail is driven direct into the sugar loaf; or the cover
is secured by the metal itself, being a portion of a nail or spike, forming
thereby a large flat-headed nail. Instead of one hole through the flat
piece of metal two or more holes in same for a corresponding number of
nails may be used for the purpose of securing the cover of the loaf.
This disc or board, by preference made of wood, can be made by com-
pressing strawboard pulp in moulds of the required shape, as above set
forth.
The Drawing illustrates the practical application of this Invention.
Figure 1, sectional elevation; Figure 2, plan of under side. In these
Figures a is sugar loaf; b, strawboard cover or paper wrapper; c, cloth
outer cover; d, fastening cord or string; e, disc or bottom board; f,
ring of metal for further security if needed. The Drawing shows the
pointed topped sugar loaf only, but it will be obvious that my Invention
could be applied to the non-pointed sugar loaves called "titlers."
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature and object
of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed
or carried out in practice, I hereby declare that I claim the herein-before
described Invention of "Improvements in Means or Appliances for

page_text: Covering Loaves of Sugar to Protect same from Damage and Waste,"
substantially as herein-before set forth and described.
In witness whercof, I, the said Edward Pulsford, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.
Witness,
MATTHEW WHITFIELD,
Bishop Lanc,
Hull.
E, PULSFORD. (L.S.)