AN IMPROVED SCREW BOLT CHIEFLY DESIGNED FOR CARRIAGE WORK
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine,
Lake, & Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for
the Invention of "AN IMPROVED SCREW BOLT CHIEFLY DESIGNED FOR
CARRIAGE WORK." A communication from abroad by George
Chapman Bell, of Buffalo, New York, United States of America.
-
Sealed the 11th January 1873, and dated the 15th July 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robert Lake.
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 15th July 1872.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co.,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the,
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SCREW BOLT CHIEFLY.
DESIGNED FOR Carriage Work,” a communication, to be as follows:-
:―
This Invention relates to screw bolts of that class known as carriage:
bolts. Hitherto these bolts have usually been made with square necks:

page_text: to prevent the turning of the bolt in screwing the nut upon the same.
This square
neck must have an area greater than that of the round
portion or body of the bolt, and the said bolts have therefore commonly
been made of square iron drawn down to form the body or round
portion of the bolt, although in some cases round iron has been used
the square neck being then formed by upsetting.
.
My present Invention is designed to reduce the cost of manufacturing
these bolts, which I make in the following manner :-I use round iron
bars of the diameter required for the body of the bolt and form the
head thereon in the ordinary manner.
The neck or portion immediately
under the head is compressed in dies or swages or by other implements
into the form of a rhomb or lozenze in transverse section. The long
diameter of the rhomb must be greater than the diameter of the round
portion of the bolt, so that the projecting corners or angles extend
sufficiently beyond the said round portion to prevent the turning of the
bolt when the nut is being screwed upon the same. By having their
necks formed in this manner the bolts will have great strength and
the projecting angles will effectually prevent their turning. Moreover
the bolts although very cheaply and expeditiously manufactured have
a very neat and finished appearance.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Robert Lake in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 14th January 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, 'by: Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said William Robert Lake, Her special licence
that I, the said William Robert Lake, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said William Robert Lake, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no

page_text: others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED SCREW
BOLT CHIEFLY DESIGNED FOR CARRIAGE WORK," a communication to me from
abroad by George Chapman Bell, of Buffalo, New York, United States
of America, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
William Robert Lake, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Robert Laké, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawing forming a part of this Specification:-
This Invention relates to screw bolts of that class known as carriage
bolts. Hitherto these bolts have usually been made with square necks
to prevent the turning of the bolt in screwing the nut upon the same.
But as it is necessary that this square neck should have an area greater
than that of the round portion or body of the bolt, the said bolts were
.commonly made of square iron drawn down to form the body or round
portion of the bolt, although in some cases round iron has been used, the
square neck being then formed by upsetting. To avoid the labour and
cost involved in these methods of manufacturing the said bolts, I have
.formerly made them with a rib or number of ribs which when the bolt
was driven into its hole would penetrate the wood at the sides thereof,
and so prevent the turning of the said bolt. This method of manufacture
has, however, been found objectionable in practice because of the
.expense
of the dies required and the unfinished appearance it gave to
.the bolts.
My present Invention is designed to reduce the cost. of manufacture
of the said bolts without impairing their strength or appearance or their

page_text: The manner in which the said Invention is carried into practice
may be readily understood by the following description which I have
illustrated in the Drawing.
Figures 1 and 2 show two sides of one of my improved bolts, Figure 1
being taken at right angles to Figure 2.
Figure 3 is a transverse section on the line x, x, showing the bolt
fitted in its hole in the wood. Like letters indicate the same parts
throughout the Drawing.
A is the body or cylindrical portion of the bolt as it is cut from the
rod; a is the head which may be formed in any suitable manner; b is the
neck; and c, c, are the projecting edges or angles at opposite sides formed
by simply compressing the portion of the blank designed for the neck
between suitable and plainly formed dies, or by other suitable means.
I use round iron bars of the diameter required for the body A of the
bolt, and form the head a thereon in the ordinary manner. The neck
or portion 6 immediately under the head is compressed in dies or swages
or by other implements into the form of a rhomb or lozenge in trans-
verse section, as clearly shown in Figure 3. The long diameter of the
rhomb must be greater than the diameter of the round portion of the
bolt, so that the projecting corners or angles cextend sufficiently beyond
the said round portion to prevent the turning of the bolt in the wood. B
when the nut is being screwed upon the bolt.
The dies or other apparatus used for making these bolts being plain
are very cheap in construction and durable in use, so that the bolts of
the form herein described may be more cheaply made than by the
methods hitherto adopted. The bolts are adapted to fit in square holes
formed in metallic plates by inserting them with the long diameter in
line with the diagonal of the hole. The form of the neck is such as to
give it the greatest possible strength, and it also gives the greatest
projection to the acute angles, which is a matter of importance when the
bolts are used in wood or other material where they are liable to rust. The
said bolts will also present a very neat and finished appearance. These
advantages, although slight in themselves, become in an article which is
manufactured at a cost but a trifle above the cost of the iron of com-
paratively great importance because of the low price at which the
article must necessarily be produced.

page_text: Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondent, and the manner of performing the
same, I wish it understood that I claim, a screw bolt consisting of a
cylindrical portion and rhomb or lozenge-shaped neck formed by simply
swaging a portion of the bolt blank as herein set forth and for the
purpose specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.
Witness,
W. J. LOWE.
W. ROBT. LAKE. (L.S.)