TMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING FURNACES BY GAS
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Paul Charpentier, of No. 17, Rue Vintimille,
Paris, in the Republic of France, Civil Engineer, for the Inven-
tion of "TMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING FURNACES BY GAS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Paul Charpentier at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 7th June 1872.
I, PAUL CHARPENTIER, of No. 17, Rue Vintimille, Paris, in the
Republic of France, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING FURNACES BY
GAS," to be as follows, that is to say:
-
My Invention consists in improved arrangements of apparatus for
heating furnaces by gases obtained by any of the ordinary processes.
One of my improved arrangements consists in injecting gases by
means of a tuyere constructed of three concentric cases so arranged
as to envelop the gases internally and externally with the quantity of
air necessary for their combustion. The number of streams or sheets of
air and gases may be increased so as to facilitate their mixture.

page_text: Another of my improved arrangements consists in obviating the use
of a discharge chimney, and replacing it by a sheet iron box divided
into two compartments by a partition descending nearly to the bottom
of the box and partially full of water. The pressure of the burnt gases
from the furnace lowers the level of the water in the first compartment,
and the gases then pass into the second compartment, whence they pass
out cither to be utilized or into the open air. By these means com-
bustion takes place in an equal volume, and the heat usually lost by
dilatation is preserved, at the same time the sensible heat is absorbed
by the water.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Paul Charpentier in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 7th December 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PAUL
CHARPENTIER, of No. 17, Ruc Vintimille, Paris, in the Republic of
France, Civil Engineer, send grecting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of Junc, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Paul Charpentier, Her special licence
that I, the said Paul Charpentier, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Paul Charpentier, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING FURNACES BY GAS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Paul Charpentier, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the samo to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office

page_text: gauze perforated with small holes, by which means the mixture is more
completely effected and the combustion is more complete and free from
smoke. The tuyere may be of a round, square, or other form. The air
is conducted on to the gases at an angle of about forty-five degrees. The
air for the combustion may previously be heated by the radiation of
the lost heat from the apparatus or by any other suitable means.
The
tuyere is represented in Figure 2, Sheet 1. Figures 2 and 3 represent
the annular form it is necessary to give it for certain applications.
The distributing apparatus, Figure 4, is suitable for furnaces having a
metallic fire-box similar to those of locomotives, marine, and other
engines. It consists of a box or receptacle A of cast or sheet iron
perforated at its upper part with a number of holes B, through which
the gases escape; on this box is placed a cover C, also perforated with
holes D, allowing the passage of the blast of air for burning the gases
by surrounding them at D, and mixing with them; the openings P
allow the gases to enter the space contained between A and C; this
apparatus may be of any suitable form and may be arranged either
vertically or horizontally.
Thirdly. The apparatus for the reproduction of the heat is shewn in
Figures 5, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, and 11, Sheet 1, and operates as follows:-I
direct the burnt gases on leaving the heated space into a recipient B
(made of sheet iron or other suitable material) containing water and
divided into two parts of more or less unequal sections. The pressure of
the burnt gases causes the level of the water to fall in A and to rise in B,
and the difference of levels gives the excess of pressure of the burnt gases.
As the apparatus is arranged so that the lower level should fall a little
below the partition a, b, the gases by reason of their lighter specific
gravity rise in the part B, bubbling through the water and through the
holes in a plate of sheet metal, serving to bring the gases in closer
contact with the liquid. By this arrangement the ordinary chimney is
not required and the gases may be utilised in the ordinary manner, or
be set free smokeless into the atmosphere. The water heated by the
passage of the gases can be used for feeding steam boilers.
I have shewn in Figure 5 the means of discharging the dust which
may be deposited by the gases. The apparatus R is formed of very thin
sheet iron and is surrounded by a vessel O filled with water, which is
thus heated.

page_text: For furnaces employed for metallurgical and other purposes where the
pressure is greater, I employ the apparatus shewn in Figure 6, Sheet 1.
The temperature of the gases being high the heated water is converted
into steam at a high pressure; the surface A is made larger than the
surface B, and the movement of the gases is effected as herein-before
described; the gases return to C at the top of the column B in a
receiver, where the generated vapours are reunited. The total pressure
is diminished, but it may be utilized by any suitable means. If it is not
desired to utilize it I cause the gases to pass into an apparatus similar
to this, and afterwards, if required, into a third like that shewn at
Figure 7.
The three apparatuses herein-before described may be employed in
steamboats, locomotives, and other machines. The gas generator must
be placed on the ship or locomotive. If for short passages a suitable
receiver may be employed containing the supply of gas produced in a
fixed gas generator and compressed. In locomotives, by the application
of this arrangement of apparatus no smoke will be produced, and the
counterpressure produced by the jet of steam necessary for the draught
will be done away with, and the hot water can be employed for warming
the carriages.
By employing the apparatus herein-before described, I utilize the
sensible heat of the burnt gases and also the latent heat of vaporization
from the vapours they contain.
I re-employ the heat hitherto lost resulting from the increased calorific
power of the gases, and the heat formerly employed for dilatation. I do
away with the chimney and avoid smoke.
Having now described my Invention, and the best means I am
acquainted with for carrying the same into effect, what I claim is,―
Firstly. The construction of gas generators with openings B, C, for the
injection of steam for carrying off the air and with an enlargement at P,
and the arrangement of the flue at M, so as to cause the heated gases to
pass over carburetted liquids, as herein-before described and represented
in Sheet 2 of the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly. The peculiar construction of tuyeres for obtaining an
intimate mixture of gases as herein-before described and represented in
Figures 1, 2, 3, 3, and 4, Sheet 1 of the accompanying Drawings,

page_text: Thirdly, The employment and construction of apparatus for repro-
ducing the heat, as herein-before described and represented in Figures 5,
5, 6, 7, 9, 10, and 11, Sheet 1, of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Paul Charpentier, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fourth day of December One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-two.