Improvements in or relating to Pneumatic Tyres for Cycle and other Wheels.
Year: 1896

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Pneumatic Tyres for Cycle and other
Wheels.
די
I, FRANK WYNNE of 13 Ashley Gardens in the City of Westminster a Civil
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to an inflatable flexible tyre (tubular in cross section)
passing as a ring round the exterior of the rim (metallic or other) of a wheel
the tubular tyre having a division or lap all round its inner circumference so
that it may be opened or turned inside out and access so gained to its interior
for renewal of its inside Surface or repair on its inside of any cuts or perforations.
According to my invention I make an air tight joint all round the inner cir-
cumference of the tubular tyre or "tyre ring" (as I hereinafter prefer to call it)
where the lap or division (hereinafter referred to as the "division") occurs so
that the tyre,ring can be inflated and I effect this by means of another ring
tubular in cross section made of elastic rubber smooth on the outside and air-
tight this ring I prefer to refer to hereinafter as the "joint tube ring" and it has
an air valve conveniently attached to it.
This joint tube ring when inflated has a diameter measured inside the ring
suitably less, than the diameter distance from "division" to "division" measured
from inside the tubular tyre when this is on the rim but equal to on conveniently
greater than this when suitably inflated by pressure of air pumped into it so that
the inflated "joint tube ring "placed inside the tyre ring surrounds the
"division."
I sometimes make the tyre ring first as a complete undivided tubular ring in
which I subsequently cut a radial division all round the inner circumference
this I term the division tyre", and it has the advantage of leaving sharp inside
edges on both sides of the radial division.
I sometimes make the tyre ring of a curved strip and allow one of the side
edges suitably prepared with smooth rubber to lap over the other the inner one
having also preferably a sharp edge against the inside of the tyre tube this I term
the "lap tyre."
I make the rim with the usual groove or trough all round it and sometimes
with a narrower groove than is usual and about the middle this latter suiting
more particularly the wooden type of rim into the grooves projections which I
generally form on the outside of the tyre fit the outside of the "division"
joint,part of the tyre being supported by the rim and in placing the tyre inside
the trough I prefer to leave generally only a narrow radial opening between the
lips or edges of the division tyre.
or
I make the tyre of layers of rubber and canvas in the usual way that protective
outer covers for pneumatic tyres are made now, but I make the inside of canvas
coated with rubber on both sides the inside being smooth rubber.
The joint tube ring when suitably inflated surrounds the "division" of the
tyre ring inside the tyre tube & is so made & placed with reference to the

page_text: "division" of the "division tyre" that on deflating it it contracts & comes down
over the "division" embracing it tight so as to make an air tight joint and holding
the tyre centripetally I do not always quite deflate the joint tube ring and I
sometimes deflate it completely only after inflating the tyre ring.
I sometimes cement the suitably inflated and expanded joint tube ring either
directly or through a narrow rubber band to one side of the tyre ring near the
"division" or to the lap near its edge in which case the joint tube ring has
only to make an air tight joint on one side and one side preferably that same
side of the tyre ring to which the joint tube ring is cemented may be conveniently
cemented on to the side of the rim.
In the case of the "lap tyre" I generally find it sufficient to let the joint. tube
ring collapse sufficiently over the lap and thus embrace and hold the joint tight
but I sometimes treat it like the "division tyre" joint & collapse it over the
edge of the lap. The centripetal force exercised by the collapsed joint tube ring
in the case of the lap tyre is sometimes sufficient on a rim with a plain
segment of circle trough to allow of the projections of the exterior of the tyre &
their corresponding grooves to be dispensed with.
To release the tyre ring so as to open it up I deflate the tyre ring if necessary
and inflate the joint tube ring and so expand it until I can conveniently draw one
side edge of the tyre ring from underneath it.
I provide two valves which I preferably place on opposite ends of a diameter
of the rim so as to balance the tyre ring air tube should as a rule have its
opening free from the joint tube ring when this is inflated but in some cases
I may use the joint tube ring itself as a valve for which purpose the opening of
the air valve may be suitably placed under the edge of the deflated joint tube
ring.
The valve of the joint tube ring is sometimes attached directly or through a
valve tube on the inside or smaller diameter of the joint tube ring and some-
times through a valve tube to, the outside or larger diameter or sometimes to
the side in the two latter cases the valve tube passes sealed through the
substance of the tyre tube and should have sufficient play inside the tyre to allow
of the change of shape of the joint tube ring on deflation and inflation.
In the first case the valve or valve tube may also pass through the substance
of the tyre tube the division being in this case preferably to one side of the center
line of the tyre but I sometimes arrange for it to pass between the lips of the
"division tyre" and if necessary a lip may be notched to allow of its more con-
venient passage and I sometimes arrange a form of division tyre in which the
lips of the division are seperated by a flat annular ring of rubber or other suitable
material in and surrounding the trough of the ring and through which the valve
can be conveniently passed-this form of "division tyre" which I call the
"extended division tyre" necessitates a somewhat larger tube in the joint tube
ring to make the air tight joint.
When using a "lap tyre" I sometimes form a projection on the outside of the
inside lap to fit into a hollow in the inside of the outside lap.
Dated this Wifth day of December 180c
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Pneumatic Tyres for Cycle and other
Wheels.
I, FRANK WYNNE, of 13 Ashley Gardens in the City of Westminster, Civil 50
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner

page_text: the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
This invention has reference to improvements in or relating to pneumatic
inflatable tyres that are tubular in cross section and have an annular division or
lapped joint all round their inner circumferences so that they can be opened or
turned inside out for the purpose of gaining access to their interiors for the purpose
of easily effecting repairs, and it has for object to enable the joint in such tyres
to be closed in a more effective manner than heretofore and so that the joint
can be made and broken more easily than usual.
For this purpose there is employed in conjunction with a pneumatic tyre of
the kind referred to and a wheel rim upon which the tyre is to be secured, a
hollow inflatable joint tube ring. This joint ring comprises an air tight tube
which, under the influence of internal fluid pressure, is capable of axial extension
or elongation with consequent increase in the diameter of the ring against the
action of an elastic resistance, but which tube has its capability of circumferential
expansion or distension or increase in diameter either artificially limited, or
entirely prevented. Or in some cases the axial extension may involve slight
reduction of cross sectional area. The said ring is located within the tyre and
has, when deflated and off the tyre, a diameter such that after being increased
sufficiently in diameter, by inflation, to, admit of its being placed within the
tyre, it will in re-acting upon deflation (after the tyre and ring have been placed
upon the wheel), exert a powerful contractile or sphincter like action around and
upon the edge portions of the tyre, or tyre cover, at the inner periphery thereof
so as to produce an effective air tight joint all around the inner circumference
thereof.
Upon again inflating the ring to a sufficient extent, it can be caused to relieve
the edge portions of the tyre of pressure and permit one or both of them to be
withdrawn from the wheel rim, as may be desired. Such a ring is hereinafter
called, an inflatable sphincter grip ring. Inflatable pneumatic tyres with inflat-
able sphincter grip rings adapted to act in the manner described can be con-
structed in various formis.
In the accompanying drawings, Fig. 1 is a half side elevation, and Fig. 2 a
vertical cross section, showing one construction of wheel fitted with a pneumatic
tyre having a sphincter grip ring according to this invention combined there-
with. Fig. 3 shows the wheel rim, tyre and ring in cross section but to a larger
scale than Figs. 1 and 2.
1 is an inflatable tyre ring provided with an inflation tube 2 and air valve 2"
and mounted upon a wheel rim 3. 4 is an inflatable sphincter grip ring located
within the tyre ring and provided with an inflation tube 5 and air valve 5"
through which it can be inflated with air or other fluid under pressure to increase
its diameter, and afterwards be deflated for the purposes hereinbefore mentioned.
The tyre ring 1 is made of convas and rubber with a lining 1 of rubber and
has a radial division 6 cut through it all round its inner circumference. The
said tyre ring may however be otherwise made, as for example in a similar
manner to that in which the outer covers are usually made for pneumatic tyres,
except that it must be made thoroughly air tight and that its edge or marginal
portions should be covered with properly cured smooth rubber or other suitable
material on the inside to ensure a good joint with the inflatable sphincter grip
ring 4, when the same is inflated, with an overlapping portion or margin of
itself the materials forming the abutting surfaces being so treated in the course
of manufacture that they will not so bind together as to prevent their being
easily separated when desired. A tyre having a radial division such as 6 all
around its inner. periphery is herein called a division tyre. The edge portions
of the tyre ring 1, at each side of the division 6, are made with projecting or
thickened parts 1, 1b to fit the groove in the metal wheel rim 3. The inflatable
sphincter grip ring 4 is so made, as hereinafter described, that when it is off the

page_text: wheel, its diameter is conveniently less than that of the tyre ring 1, as indicated
for example in dotted lines at 4* in Figs. 1 and 2, and that by inflating it with
air under pressure, its diameter can be increased sufficiently to enable it to be
inserted within the tyre ring so as to surround the division 6 therein, as shown in
dotted lines in Figs. 2 and 3. With the arrangement described, upon placing
the tyre ring 1 with inflated sphincter grip ring 4 within the wheel rim 3 and
then deflating the sphincter grip ring, the latter will contract all around the
division 6 and closely embrace it as shown in full lines in Fig. 3, so as to make
an air tight joint at this part and hold the tyre ring with a contractile or centri-
petal force on the wheel rim. The tyre ring 1 can then be inflated through its air
valve 2, the air pressure within the tyre ring serving to assist in making the
air tight joint. The sphincter grip ring need not be completely deflated;
sometimes I deflate it completely only after inflating the tyre ring The inflation
of the tyre ring ceteris paribus tends to deflate the sphincter grip ring.
Fig. 4 shows a division tyre and pneumatic sphincter grip ring according to
my invention secured upon a rim having a concave periphery and which may be
of wood. In this case, one edge portion (1%) of the tyre ring may be secured,
as by cement, to the wheel rim, whilst its other edge portion (1b) may be held
in place on the wheel rim by the sphincter grip ring 4, preferably assisted, it
may be, by an annular extension 1* formed on such edge portion and fitting a
corresponding annular groove or recess 3* in the wheel rim 3. The edge 1 of
the tyre ring instead of or in addition to being cemented to the wheel rim, may
also be provided with an annular extension like 1, to take into the annular
groove 3 in the wheel rim as shown.
To enable the sphincter grip ring to freely expand in diameter and so rise
from the tyre joint and enable the released edge 1b of the tyre ring to be con-
veniently drawn from and re-inserted under the ring all around the same, the
inflation tube 5 between the air valve 5 and the ring is preferably made of elastic
or yielding material. In Fig. 3 the valve 5ª is connected to the inner periphery
of the sphincter grip ring 4 by a short piece of india rubber tubing 5 which
passes through the, division 6 between the edges of the tyre ring 1, which may
if necessary, be suitably notched for the purpose. In Fig. 4 the rubber tube 5
is shown extending through the wheel rim and the edge portion 1 of the tyre
ring. The air valve 2 for the tyre ring may be similarly connected to the same
edge portion 1 but at a different point thereof.
In Fig. 3 the inner end of the tyre inflation tube is shown as being free of
the collapsed sphincter grip ring but it may terminate under such ring which
then acts as a flap valve thereto.
Fig. 5 shows an arrangement similar to Fig. 3 but in which the inflation
tube 5 is connected to the outer periphery of the ring 4 by a short length of
flexible rubber tubing 5 which passes in an air tight manner through the tyre
ring.
Fig. 6 shows my pneumatic sphincter grip ring applied to a tyre ring having at
its inner periphery an annular joint formed by overlapping edge portions 1°, 1d
secured upon a wood rim having a concave periphery. The outer edge portion 1°
of the tyre ring is made fast, as by cement, to the rim which may be reduced in
diameter to receive it as shewn, and the inner removable edge portion 1 is
provided on its outer side with an annular extension 1* that fits a corresponding
annular groove formed in the rim. To enable the edge portion 1 to be removed
from the rim together with the sphincter grip ring when the tyre is deflated and
the ring inflated, the inflation tube 5 is passed in an air tight manner through
the removable side portion of the tyre ring clear of the wheel ring. When the
tyre is in place on the wheel rim and the ring 4 deflated, the free end of the
inflation tube 5 and its air valve 5" may be connected to the rim by a suitable
clip device. A shield, movably attached to the rim, may be provided to protect
the exposed outer portion of the inflation tube from contact with stones or other
bodies on the road.

page_text: Fig. 6 shows modified arrangement of lapped tyre in which the inflation
tube 5 passes through the wheel rim and inner edge portion 1d of the tyre ring,
the outer edge portion 1° of which is made removable.
Fig. 7 shows a modified construction in which the edge portions of the lapped
tyre ring are formed with enlarged portions 1ª, 1 bevilled at the outer sides to
fit into and engage with the correspondingly formed wheel rim, (in which the
tyre is held by the contractile grip of the collapsed or deflated sphincter grip ring)
the inner overlapping portion 14 being formed by an extension of the rubber
lining 1. The enlarged portion 1" of the tyre ring may be fixed to the rim, and
the enlarged portion 1b made removable therefrom. The inflation tube 5 for the
sphincter grip ring 4 is, in this case, shown as extending through the edge
portion 1, with which it forms an air tight joint, and through the wheel rim
which is shown as being a hollow metal rim."
Figs. 8 and 8 show tyres having overlapping edges 1°, 1d fitted to a metal
wheel rim of channel section, the edge 1º in each case being thickened to fit the
channel..
In the case of tyres having overlapped edges, as shown in Figs. 6 to 8 inclusive, .
and which I call for distinction lapped tyres, I generally find it sufficient to let
the inflatable sphincter grip ring 4 collapse around the lapped parts as shown in
Fig. 6, in order to hold the lapped joint tight, but I sometimes arrange the said
ring so that when it is deflated it will collapse over the inner edge of the lap
portion 1, as shown in Figs. 8 and 8^.
To release the tyre ring I so as to permit of its being opened, I prefer to deflate
this ring, and then inflate the sphincter grip ring 4 and so expand the same in
diameter until the removable edge portion of the tyre ring can be conveniently
drawn from the wheel rim beneath it, as in Fig. 7. When however, the sphincter
grip ring in its collapsed state covers the inner end of the tyre inflating tube, the
sphincter grip ring must be first inflated before the tyre ring can be deflated.
In Fig. 9 the thickened edges 1", 1 of the tyre ring are separated by an annular
ring 8 of suitable material, for example rubber, arranged within and surrounding
the channel in the wheel rim 3 and through which the inflation tube 5 for the
sphincter grip ring 4 can conveniently be passed. In this case the said inflation
tube need not be elastic or yielding.
When using a lapped tyre I sometimes form, as shown in Fig. 10, an annular
projection 9 on the outside of the inner lap or edge portion 1d to fit into an annular
recess 10 in the inside of the outer or edge portion 1°, the outer lap being some-
times provided on its outer side with an annular projection 11 to take into an
annular recess 12 in the wheel rim 3. The contractile or centripetal force exerted
by the collapsed inflatable sphincter grip ring may, in some cases, be sufficient
on a rim having a plain concave section to allow of the projections on the exterior
of the tyre ring and the corresponding groove in the wheel rim being dispensed
with.
The sphincter grip ring may, when suitably expanded, be secured in an air
tight manner, as by rubber cement, to the inner surface of one of the edge portions
of the tyre ring so that it will have only to make one joint with the inner surface
of the tyre ring. The connection may be effected in a direct manner as shown in
Fig. 6, or indirectly as shown in Fig. 7 by a ring or band 4° of pure sheet rubber
that is very thin, elastic and preferably air tight. In the former case, the edge.
or margin of the tyre ring to which the sphincter grip ring is attached, will be
lifted away from the rim when the sphincter grip ring is inflated.
Where the air tight joint is made between the outer surface of the sphincter grip
ring and the inner smooth rubber lining 1" of the tyre, the external surface of
the said sphincter grip ring should be smooth to ensure a good joint, but in the
case of a lapped tyre, this is not so important.
In the case of a division tyre, the sphincter grip ring instead of acting directly
against the edges of the tyre ring adjacent to the annular division 6, may, as
shown in Fig. 10, act against a band 6 of suitable material such as rubber,

page_text: arranged between the ring 4 and the edge portions or margins or the tyre ring,
so as to overlap the latter. Such a band may consist of an annular flap secured
to one edge or side portion of the tyre ring, and should preferably have a natural
tendency or bias outwards from the joint, as shown, until coerced into its position
over the joint by the grip of the sphincter grip ring. By this means the said
band will permit of the easy insertion of the opposite edge or side portion of the
tyre ring into the wheel rim, and when the sphincter grip ring is deflated, it
will be caused to make the joint and permit of the inflation of the tyre ring.
The sphincter grip ring may be attached to the said band 6ª.
In each case a little soft soap syrup or other like material may be used in
making the air tight joints between the overlapping parts of rubber or layers of
rubber.
Figs. 11 to 19 inclusive, show various ways in which the sphincter grip ring
can be made so as to fulfil the conditions hereinbefore explained. These con-
structions of rings per se are however not claimed as forming part of my present
invention, as I intend to obtain separate Letters Patent in respect thereof, and
are only described herein in order to show how my present invention can be
carried into practical effect.
Fig. 11 shows the ring in side elevation.
The dotted lines shew by way of example, the same ring but increased in
diameter by inflation with air under pressure. Fig. 12 shows in longitudinal
section and to a larger scale than Fig. I, a portion of such a ring. Fig. 13,shows
a cross section on the line of Fig. 12.
In this example, the inflatable sphincter grip ring is made of a suitable length
of good air tight india rubber tubing 4 the ends 4 of which are suitably united
together to form an endless ring. For this purpose the ends of the tube may
conveniently be butt jointed by a junction piece 4b consisting of a short length
of india rubber tubing (Fig. 12) inserted within and secured to them by cement
or otherwise.
Or instead of being of india rubber, the juncture piece 4b may consist of a piece
of metal tubing, which, is preferably corrugated for convenience in fastening the
ends of the rubber tube to it. To the tube 4 is secured, preferably at the part
where its ends are connected together to form the complete ring, the inflation
tube 5 which will usually be of india rubber and is provided with a non-return
valve 5 of known kind for retaining the pressure in the ring until it is desired
to deflate the same. The valve case is adapted to be connected to an air pump
as usual. The inflation tube may be connected to the inner or outer periphery
of the ring, or to either side thereof, as may be desired.
The tube 4 is supported in a tangential i.e, circumferential direction by a
practically inextensible thread 4º, such, as sewing or pack thread, which is wound
spirally around the tube with the convolutions near together so as to effectually
support the tube circumferentially and prevent its distension when inflated, with-
out materially interfering with its power of axial extension. The winding on of
the thread can be effected whilst the tube is partially or sufficiently inflated to
cause the tube to retain its original circular form in cross section during the
winding operation and enable the thread to be laid around it in a regular and
even manner which should be done without much compression of the india rubber
tube.
The india rubber tube 4 is conveniently a ready vulcanized one but it may be
of natural rubber. It is coated on its surface with rubber solution previous to
the packing thread being wound thereon in order to prevent the thread from
shifting. This serving of packing thread is then covered with a thin layer 4d of
vulcanized rubber, either in the form of a spiral ribbon or a sheet, the straight
joint in the latter case being placed where it will least interfere with the operation
of the sphincter grip ring in making a joint, in the pneumatic tyre, that is to say,
away from the part of the tyre upon which the ring is to contract. This layer 4ª
may be conveniently continued to form in effect the band 4° as shewn in Fig. 7 by

page_text: which the sphincter grip ring is secured to the edge portion of the tyre. In
some cases, as for example in which the sphincter grip ring is solutioned to the
upper or radially outer overlapping margin of a tyre ring around which it is to
contract, as herein before described, and does not come into contact with any
other part, the thread on the ring may be wrapped with a layer 4d of unvulcanized
rubber, or it may even be left unwrapped with such a layer of rubber. Or when a
wrapping of unvulcanized rubber is used, it can be vulcanized in place on the
tube if desired.
The exterior of the ring prepared as described is preferably smooth, especially
when the ring itself has to make an air tight joint with the smooth rubber surface
on the inside of the pneumatic tyre and is not solutioned fast thereto. When
the material used to prevent distension of the tube 4 is in the form of a ribbon
wound spirally round the said tube, whether this is of vulcanized or unvulcanized
rubber, and the ribbon is solutioned on its inner side to the tube leaving the
outside plain, no additional outer covering need be employed in cases where it is
not desired that the outside surface of the sphincter grip ring should make an air
tight joint with the pneumatic tyre.
Instead of winding the tube with thread or ribbon after being made up into, a
ring and partly inflated as hereinbefore described, it can be more conveniently
wound whilst in the form of a straight tube supported internally by a collapsible
mandrel which may consist for example, as shown in cross section and longitu-
dinal section, in Figs. 14 and 15 respectively, of a number of rods 13, conveniently
six in number, arranged around a central core 14, preferably made in two lengths,
the arrangement being such that upon withdrawing the core 14, which may be
lubricated with plumbago, from between the rods 13, the latter can be readily
loosened and withdrawn from the wrapped tube 4.
Fig. 16 shows a piece of a sphincter grip ring supported circumferentially by
tbread 4° of the kind mentioned, wound spirally on the exterior of the tube and
uncovered. Fig. 17 shows a piece of a sphincter grip ring upon which is spirally
wound a tape or ribbon 4° of silk, cotton or like practically inelastic material.
Fig. 18 shows a modified construction in which spiral tapes or ribbons 4° of the
kind mentioned are embedded in the wall of the tube, during the manufacture
thereof. In Fig. 19 the rubber tube 4 is provided externally with a series of
supporting rings 4' which are arranged parallel and close to one another and
which are of suitable material,, for example textile material, that will, under the
conditions to which it will be subjected in use, be practically inextensible.
The threads 4° ribbons 4° or rings 4' should in all cases be arranged sufficiently
close together to prevent any liability of the india rubber between the consecutive
convolutions or rings being blown outward when the ring is inflated with air
under pressure sufficient to increase its diameter to a suitable and moderate
extent.
For use in a pneumatic tyre as described, the sphincter grip ring may be made
of an india rubber tube having a diameter of say inch and a thickness, of wall
of say 1/12 inch, its initial or normal diameter, for use in a 28 inch tyre being
about 21 inches. It is however to be understood that I do not limit myself to
these dimensions as the same may be considerably varied, and are merely given
as an example.
I take the ordinary precautions to provide against "creeping" of the tyres on
the rim.
I am aware that it has heretofore been proposed to use inflatable joint rings
within pneumatic tyres for closing the annular joint around the inner periphery
thereof, but in all such cases the joint rings have been of a greater diameter
normally, or when deflated, than the inner periphery of the tyre and were designed
to close the joint in such periphery only by the radial inward expansion of the
ring caused by inflation. Such a joint ring, the use of which I do not claim as
coming within the scope of my invention, is obviously directly opposite both in
construction and operation to my sphincter grip ring, which, when deflated and

page_text: off the wheel, is of less diameter than the inner periphery of the tyre the joint
in which it is to close; is inflated only to allow of its being put around the said
joint and to admit of the same being opened, and acts to close such joint only
when more or less deflated, when it exerts a sphincter like or contractile action
around the said joint.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. Closing the joint around the inner periphery of a pneumatic tyre by a
hollow inflatable sphincter grip ring that is located within the tyre and is
initially of smaller diameter than the inner periphery of the tyre but is capable
of being increased in diameter by inflation with fluid under pressure the arrange-
ment being such that when the tyre with inflated ring is in place on a wheel,
then on deflating the ring it will exert a contractile action around and upon
the joint in the said tyre so as to close the same in an air tight manner, and upon
again inflating the said ring it will cause or allow the joint to be opened, as
set forth.
2. The combination with a pneumatic tyre and a wheel rim upon which the
said tyre is seated, of a hollow inflatable sphincter grip ring located within the
said tyre and adapted when deflated to exert a contractile action around and
upon the inner peripheral portion of the said tyre and hold the same upon the
wheel rim as set forth.
3. In a pneumatic tyre a hollow inflatable sphincter grip ring attached to the
tyre at or near one edge thereof the arrangement being such that the said ring
when inflated will lift or move further from the axis of the wheel that edge of
the tyre or rim to which it is applied substantially as and for the purpose specified.
4. Wheel rims provided with tyres and inflatable sphincter grip rings con-
structed, arranged and operating substantially as hardin before described with
reference respectively to and shown in the several examples illustrated in the
drawings annexed.
Dated this 4th ca
1994
For the Applicant,
W. LLOYD WISE,
46 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Chartered Patent Agent