Improvements in Electrical Soldering and Welding Apparatus.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Oct., 1894
F
Complete Specification Left, 22nd July, 1895-Accepted, 22nd Oct., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Electrical Soldering and Welding Apparatus.
I, HUGO ZERENER, of Eichendorffstrasse 20, Berlin, in the Kingdom of
Prussia and Empire of Germany, Doctor of Philosophy and Electrical Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The efforts which have hitherto been made to employ electricity in the working
of metals, have led to numerous experiments having for object to utilize the high
temperature of the voltaic arc for welding and soldering purposes, as the voltaic
are can be obtained with a less intensity of current than is required for the
production of heat by resistance to the current, now practised in some welding
processes.
In some voltaic arc processes heretofore proposed, such as the Bernardo process,
the metallic object under treatment, or work, is used as one electrode, the voltaic
are being formed between it and another electrode. The voltaic arc, which in this
case serves as the source of heat, must therefore, necessarily remain in the same
position as regards the object under treatment, and cannot be placed at a less
distance with regard to the same, even though a special apparatus be used.
Another use of the voltaic arc, depends on the formation of the arc between two
carbons, and the simultaneous alteration of its position and form in a magnetic
field. In this case, in order to put the voltaic arc to industrial use, special tools
and apparatus are required the constructions of which are modified according to
the different ways adopted for arriving at the effect desired, and more especially
as regards the means provided for placing and regulating the carbons between the
poles of the electro-magnet.
My invention has reference to the use of voltaic ares produced and controlled
in the manner last referred to, and has for object to provide tools and apparatus
such as will enable iron to be welded and different metals to be compounded, by
means of electrical hard or soft solder; which can either be self-adjusting or be
adjustable by hand; and which can be worked by either continuous or alternating
currents.
;ין
In order that my said iuvention may be more clearly understood, I will now
explain the same with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which,
Fig. 1 is a side elevation showing an electrical hand hard soldering apparatus
with movable carbons and stationary voltaic arc.
Fig. 2 is a similar view to Fig. 1, but to a larger scale, showing an electrical
hand soft soldering apparatus with movable carbons and stationary voltaic arc,
with the soldering iron in position opposite the carbons.
Figs. 3 and 3 show respectively in side and front elevation, a modified
construction of an electrical soft soldering apparatus with movable carbons and
stationary voltaic arc with the soldering iron in position opposite the carbons.
Fig. 4 is a side elevation of an electrical soldering apparatus having uniformly
adjustable carbons and stationary voltaic arc, as also stationary electro-magnets,
and suitable for use with alternating currents.
Figs. 4ª and 4ª are respectively plan and front views of Fig. 4.
Figs. 5 and 5 show respectively in side elevation and plan, a hand electrical
soldering apparatus having stationary carbons, variable voltaic arc, and, adjustable
electro magnets and suitable for alternating currents.

page_text: Figs. 6 and 6ª show in side and front elevation respectively, an electrical hand
soldering apparatus with adjustable candles.
Figs. 7 and 7 show respectively in front elevation and cross section, an electrical
hand soldering apparatus with adjustable candles; and
Figs. 7 and 7 show details thereof.
4
.1
Fig. 8 is a side elevation showing an electrical hand soldering apparatus with
separately adjustable carbons, and
Figs. 8 and 8B are detail views thereof.
Figs. 9 and 94 show respectively in front and side elevation, a self regulating
welding apparatus ; and
Fig. 9B shows a detail thereof.
V
Referring to Fig. 1, there is here shown an electrical hand soldering apparatus,
the handle of which with the adjustable wheel Z extends outward parallel to the
frame a of the apparatus. The handle A by which the apparatus is held is
mounted on one end of a tube or pipe R through which pass the conducting wires
and which is fixed at its other end in a nose b on the side of the frame. On the
tube or pipe R is mounted an outer tube or pipe R' that can be turned in either
direction by a hand adjusting wheel Z, and, with it, the worm to which is attached
to the opposite end of the movable pipe. The worm w engages with a pinion y
arranged at the outer side of the frame, and fixed on a shaft that carries on the
inside of the frame, a pinion which drives toothed wheels for imparting a
reciprocating up and down motion to two racks u u¹ arranged at an angle of about
4. to each other. On the racks uu are respectively secured, so as to be well
insulated therefrom, carbon holders t¹ provided with set screws 8 s¹, for firmly
holding the carbons k k'. As will be seen the arrangement is such that the
carbonsk¹ can be caused to move together or away from each other according to
the direction in which the wheel Z is turned. The voltaic arc, which in this way
can be formed and maintained between the carbons, is, by the poles m² m² of the
horse-shoe electro-magnet M which are arranged as shown so as to be perpendicular
to the lines of force of the voltaic arc, deflected in a downward direction, and in
such way, that it is caused to project beyond the points of the carbons so far that
it can be used for soldering, melting or heating purposes. The electric current is
conducted to the apparatus through a double cable which passes through the inner
tube R and the nose b, and projects therefrom, from which point it is divided and
connected with the terminals l, m, from which the current is conducted to the
carbons and electro-magnet by suitable conductors.
In Fig. 2 there is shown an electrical soldering apparatus in which the carbons
move towards each other as in Fig. 1 and always maintain the same position
with regard to the poles of the electro-magnet. In this apparatus, the electro-
magnet M is so arranged that its winding does not contract the space between the
soldering iron L to be placed before the voltaic arc, whilst the current conductor
reaches the apparatus and contacts by frictional contacts S which bear on the
racks as shown on the upper part of Fig. 2, but which can also bear upon
the lower end or central portions of the said racks.
The electro-magnet M in this case is fixed in the frame or casing of the
apparatus on both sides of the racks, whilst the bridge or cross piece of the electro-
magnet is located in one of the sides of the frame or casing The position of the
electro-magnet, which can be inclined, is immaterial as regards the magnetic effects
on the voltaic arc, so long as the magnetic poles are brought in the right position
with regard to the arc, which, if necessary, can be done by bending the magnet
The racks are connected to the carbon holder rods but are of course well
insulated so that the frame remains free of any current..
core.
Figs. 3, 3 represent a hand apparatus that can be used as hard or soft soldering
apparatus as desired, and in which the positions of the carbons. k k¹ relatively to
the magnetic poles and to the soldering iron L are similar to those in the apparatus
shown in Figs. 1 and 2 but the carbons are inclined to each other slightly more
acutely. The movement of the carbon holders in Figs. 3 and 34 is however

page_text: effected in a different way, notwithstanding that the manner of adjusting by hand
through the wheel Z is the same. The adjusting mechanism is as follows:-
On a spindle R₁ mounted in the handle A and frame or holder G and passing
through the bent pipe p, is secured, at the end thereof opposite to that carrying
the adjusting wheel Z, a pinion to which actuates a rack u in a vertical direction.
To the upper end of this rack is firmly attached a yoke or guide block J each of
the ends of which are bent to a suitable angle and have secured to them the right
and left guide rods f which slide in the frame or holder G and carry the carbon
holders with the carbons k k¹ respectively.
By the movements described in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, it is possible to always so place
the carbons that the voltaic arc formed between them will always be at right
The soldering iron L is made
angles to the poles of the electro-magnet M.
adjustable in the apparatus shown in Figs. 3 and 3* by means of an adjusting ringμL
and holder h carried by the bent pipe p.
The alternating current soldering apparatus shown in Figs. 4 4ª and 4ª carries
a carbon holder o of light non-conducting material which is slotted in the centre to
receive a partition wall W of slate which is fixed at right angles to the slot lying
in the axis of the handle.
'
This partition wall of the carbon holder is so constructed and arranged as to
form guide openings or apertures in which two carbons arranged parallel to each
other can be held and moved downward in such a way that their lower ends will
always maintain the same position with regard to the magnet poles m m³ of the
electro-magnet M, the bridge or cross piece m³ of which is bent backward to allow
of the free passage of the carbons through the centre of the holder. The distance
of the parallel carbons from each other is determined according to the thickness of
the carbons and the strength of the current in proportion to the thickness of the
partition wall; beneath this latter air insulation is sufficient.
The partition wall can, however, be omitted and the carbons be separated for
their whole length by suitable insulating material which consumes and falls away
at the same rate as the carbons in the same way as the separating material used in
Jablochkoff's candles. To the upper and lower sides of the holder o are secured
the contacts C, which bear against the carbous so as to convey the alternating
current thereto. The current can be conducted to the contacts by the handle R
made tubular for the purpose. The electro-magnet is fixed and the carbons can be
adjusted by hand.
The alternating current soldering apparatus shown in Fige. 5 and 5^ is provided
with a vertically adjustable electro-magnet M and firmly fixed carbons kk' arranged
parallel to each other in a carbon holder o. The electro-magnet is carried by a
rack suspended from a pawl Pl that is pivoted to a lever H and is pressed into
gear with the said rack by a spring f. The arrangement is such that in order to
keep the voltaic arc unaltered between the poles m' m² of the electro-magnet M,
it is merely necessary to depress the free cud H 2 of the lever H' over the handle A
of the apparatus as the carbons are burned or consumed, by which means the
electro-magnet can be caused to follow the shortened carbons and be held with its
poles in the new and correct position relatively to both sides of the voltaic arc by
means of a detent P 2 until a fresh movement of the lever H 1 presses back the
spring of the detent and causes this to engage with the next tooth of the
rack The end H2 of the lever H is normally kept in its raised position by
a spring.
Figs. 6 and 64 show another construction of soldering apparatus in which an
alternating current is used. The electro-magnet M in this arrangement is fixed,
and the parallel carbons k, k¹ are insulated from each other by air or by a layer J
of plaster of Paris and held by a suitable holder H which is fastened to a vertical
rack u. This rack is guided through a collar B which is fixed perpendicular to
and carried by the cross piece m' of the electro-magnet M and also encloses a
piniou . This pinion is keyed on the end of the spindle R' opposite to that on
which the adjusting wheel 2 is fixed, and is in gear with the rack u' so that the

page_text: latter can be raised or lowered By hand as may be desired. This soldering
apparatus, as respects that portion thereof extending from the handle to the pinion
and also as regards the arrangement of the electro-magnet is similar in construction
to the corresponding portions of the apparatus shewn in Figs. 4, 44, 4B and designed
for a continuous current.
1:17.
Figs. 7, 74, 7, 7C show a further modified construction of hand apparatus
suitable for alternating currents. In this case the electro-magnet M is firmly fixed,
and the placing of the carbons kk¹ between the electro-magnetic poles m' m² is
effected by means of a spring F arranged within the handle A, their position being
adjusted by set screws r By means of these screws, or by a divided 'and
insolating ring, the parallel carbons, which are insulated from each other and from
the spring F by which they are pressed forward, are held back and retained in
proper position. The current passes through wires e which are screwed to metal
bars el against which slide metal holders in which the carbons are held.
.
The electrical soldering apparatus shown in Figs. 8, -84 and 8B is designed for
continuous currents, the carbons being adjusted by hand after determining their
different rates of consumption, the single adjustment being made possible by a
special way of actuating the carbon holders and racks u u. RR are two tubes
the one movable within the "other. On the inner longer tube R¹ near to the
handle A is fixed a regulating wheel whilst the regulating wheel is so attached
to the short outer tube R' that a thumb applied to the smaller régulating wheel
can be caused to engage with the larger regulating wheel so that both can be
actuated together. On the other end of these two tubes R' R' are two bevel
o' attached
wheels 'n, respectively which engage with two other bevel wheels
to the frame and which actuate the thrée cornered racks u ul. The racks are
insulated from the carbon holders and guide these, as in other forms of apparatus
herein described, at an acute angle to each other between poles of the electro-
magnet M. The frame is held by the support' t from the handle A, and for better
insulation can be composed of marble, 'porcelain firebrick or other non-conducting
and incombustible substance.
Figs. 9, 94 and 9 show a welding apparatus wherein the placing and maintaining
of the voltaic arc is regulated automatically. In the thick frame plate a, which is
bent at an angle of 45° at both sides, and in a fork G¹ attached to the centre of the
said plate, are two spindles S¹ Shaving right and left handed screw threads
respectively, and carrying at their lower ends bevel wheels ¹, 2. The upper end
of the spindle S' is provided with 'a plate S3 and the upper end of the spindle 'S' is
provided with an adjusting wheel c. Attached to 'the spindle S2 in addition to the
frame plate, is a winged uut S in order to enable the said spindle to be turned
quickly by hand and thereby to move the carbon quicker in case the adjustment
is not effected quickly enough by the adjusting wheel c. The automatic movement
of the spindle S' is effected by an armature A provided with a pawl p and actuated
by the electro-magnet N when its circuit is completed through a set screw y and
spring contact carried by the armature. Opposite to the armature plate S³
attached to the spindle S' is an electro-magnet B arranged in the main current and
which, by attaching the armature plate S³ moves the spindle S¹ endways and moves
the corresponding carbon k¹ away from the carbon and so forms a voltaic arc
between them.
The movement of the spindles is transmitted to the carbon holders t¹t, by means
of half nuts i each of which is carried by one end of a lever mounted in an extension
of a slide in and pressed against the spindle by means of a spring f. The slides w,
which are connected to the carbon holders it, are mounted to slide on a bent
bar or support D. For displacing the carbon holders t¹ t2 independently of the
automatic adjustment levers h are provided each pivoted to a carbon holder and
connected to the corresponding half nút i by a link h', the arrangement being such
that by operating either lever, the corresponding nut i can be disengaged from
its spindle and the corresponding carbon holder adjusted by haud on the guide
rud D.

page_text: The main current passes through' the positive terminal and the frame to the
carbon & thence to carbon k', the windings of the arc deflecting magnet M and arc
striking magnet B, to the negative terminals. The electro-magnet N is placed in
shunt circuit between the terminals S' S'. The electro-magnet M, can also be
placed in a shunt circuit.
Dated this 22nd day of October 1894.
W. LLOYD WISE,
46 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, WC., Chartered Patent Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Electrical Soldering and Welding Apparatus.
I, HUGO ZERENER, of Eichendorffstrasse 20, Berlin, in the Kingdom of
Prussia and Empire of Germany, Doctor of Philosophy and Electrical Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The efforts which have hitherto been made to employ electricity in the working
of metals, have led to numerous experiments having for object to utilize the high
temperature of the voltaic arc for welding and soldering purposes, as the voltaic
are can be obtained with a less intensity of current than is required for the pro-
duction of heat by resistance to the current, now practised in some welding
processes.
In some voltaic are processes heretofore proposed, such as the Bernardo process,
the metallic object under treatment, or work, is used as one electrode, the voltaic
are being formed between it and another electrode. The voltaic arc, which in
this case serves as the source of heat, must therefore necessarily remain in the
same position as regards the object under treatment, and cannot be placed at a
less distance with regard to the same, even though a special apparatus be used.
Another use of the voltaic arc depends on the formation of the arc between two
carbons, and a simultaneous alteration of its position and form in a magnetic field.
In this case, in order to put the voltaic arc to industrial use, special tools and
apparatus are required, the constructions of which are modified according to the
different ways adopted for arriving at the effect desired, and more especially as
regards the means provided for placing and regulating the carbons between the poles
of the electro-magnet.
My invention has reference to the use of voltaic arcs produced and controlled
in the manner last referred to, and has for object to provide tools and apparatus
which will enable iron to be welded and different metals to be compounded by
means of electrical hard or soft solder; which can either be self-adjusting
or be adjustable by hand, and which can be worked by either continuous or
alternating currents.
In order that my said invention may be more clearly understood, I will now
explain the same with reference to the drawings filed with my. Provisional
Specification, in which :-
Fig. 1 is a side elevation showing an electrical, hand hard-soldering apparatus
with movable carbons and stationary voltaic arc.
Fig. 2 is a similar view to Fig. 1, but to a larger scale, showing an electrical
hand soft-soldering apparatus with inovable carbons and stationary voltaic arc,
and with the soldering iron or tool in position opposite the carbons.
Figs. 3 and 34 show respectively in side and front elevation, a modified con-
struction of an electrical soldering apparatus with movable carbous and stationary
voltaic arc, and with the soldering iron in position opposite the carbons.

page_text: Fig. 4 is a side elevation of an electrical soldering apparatus having uniformly
adjustable carbons, stationary voltaic arc, and stationary electro-magnets, and
suitable for use with alternating currents. Figs. 44 and 4B are respectively plan
and front views of the apparatus represented in Fig. 4.
Figs. 5 and 5 show respectively in side elevation and plani, a hand electrical
soldering apparatus having stationary carbons and adjustable electro-magnets, and
suitable for alternating currents.
Figs. 6 and 6 show in side and front elevation respectively, an electrical hand
soldering apparatus with adjustable candles..
Figs. 7 and 7 show respectively in front elevation and cross section, an
electrical hand soldering apparatus with adjustable candles; and Figs. 7B and 7°
show details thereof.
Fig. 8 is a side elevation showing an electrical hand soldering apparatus with
separately adjustable carbons, and Figs. 8 and 8B are detail views thereof.
Figs. 9 and 9 show respectively in front and side elevation, a self regulating
welding apparatus; and Fig. 9B shows a detail thereof.
The clectrical hand soldering apparatus, shown in Fig. 1 is adapted to be
carried by a handle A, that extends outward parallel to the frame a of the
apparatus. For this purpose the handle is mounted on one end of a tube R
through which pass the conducting wires, and which is fixed at its other end in a
nose on the side of the said frame. On the tube R is mounted an outer tube R¹
that can be turned in either direction by a hand adjusting-wheel Z. A worm w is
attached to the opposite end of the movable pipe R' and partakes of its motion.
The worm engages with a pinion y arranged at the outer side of the frame, and
fixed on a shaft that carries, on the inside of the frame, a pinion x which drives
toothed wheels vul for imparting a reciprocating up-and-down motion to two
racks u ul arranged at an angle of about 45° to each other. On the racks u u¹ are
respectively secured, so as to be well insulated therefrom,'carbon holders t¹t pro-
vided with set screws ss for firmly holding the carbons k, kl. As will be seen,
the arrangement is such that the carbons k, k¹ can be caused to move towards or
away from each other according to the direction in which the wheel Z is turned.
The voltaic arc, which in this way can be formed and maintained between the
carbons, is controlled by a horse-shoe electro-magnet M the poles m', m³ of which
are arranged, as shown, so as to extend in a direction practically perpendicular
to the lines of force of the voltaic arc, so that the voltaic arc will be deflected in
a downward direction (if the winding be arranged in the proper and known way
for this purpose, i.e. parallel to the direction of the molecular currents,) and so far
beyond the points of the carbons that it can be used for soldering or other purpose.
The electric current is conducted to the apparatus through a double cable which
passes through the inner tube R and the nose 6 and projecting therefrom, is then
divided and connected with the terminals l, m, from which the current is conducted
to the carbons and electro-magnet by suitable conductors.
In Fig. 2 there is shown an electrical soldering apparatus in which the carbons
move towards each other as in Fig. 1 and always maintain the same position with
regard to the poles of the electro-magnet. In this apparatus, the electro-magnet M
is so arranged that its winding does not contract the space for the soldering
iron L to be placed before the voltaic arc. For this purpose, the said electro-
magnet is arranged to ride on the frame or casing of the apparatus to which it is
fixed at opposite sides of the racks, its bridge or cross piece m³ being located on
the sides of the said frame or casing. The position of the electro-magnet, which
can be inclined, is immaterial as regards the magnetic effects on the voltaic arc, so
long as the magnetic poles, of which one only, viz. m³, can be seen in Fig. 2, are
brought into the proper position, as in Fig. 1, with regard to the arc, which, if
necessary, can be done by bending the maguet core as shown. The racks are
connected to the carbon holder rods but arc, of course, well insulated so that the
frame remains free of any current.
The current conductors in this arrangement are placed in electrical connection

page_text: with the apparatus through frictional contacts S, which bear on the racks 1, u as-
shown in the upper part of Fig. 2, but which can also bear upou the lower end or
central portions of the said racks.
Figs. 3 and 34 represent a hand apparatus which can be used for hard or soft-
soldering as desired, and in which the positions of the carbons k, k¹ relatively to
the magnetic poles and to the soldering tool L are similar to those in the apparatus
shown in Figs. 1 and 2, but the carbons are inclined to each other somewhat inore
acutely. The movement of the carbon holders in Figs. 3 and 34 is however
effected in a different way, notwithstanding that the manner of adjusting by hand
through the wheel Z is the same. The adjusting mechanism is as follows:-On a
spindle R¹, mounted in the handle A and frame or holder G and passing through
the bent pipe p, is secured, at the end thereof opposite to that carrying the
adjusting wheel Z, a pinion w¹ which actuates a rack ut in a vertical direction. To
the upper end of this rack is firmly attached a yoke or guide block J the en:ls of
which are each bent to a suitable angle and have secured to them right and left
guide rods f which slide in the frame or holder G and carry the carbon holders t¹, t³
with the carbons k, respectively. The soldering iron L is made adjustable
laterally by means of an adjusting ring and holder h carried by the bent pipe p,
on which the said ring is mounted so that it can be moved endways thereon.
With the mechanism shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 3^, it is possible to so place the
carbons that the voltaic arc formed between them will always be at right angles to
the poles of the electro-magnet M.
The alternating current soldering apparatus shown in Figs. 4, 44, and 4B, carries
a carbon holder o of light non-conducting material which is slotted in the centre to
receive a partition wall W of slate which is fixed at right angles to the slot lying
in the axis of the handle. This partition wall of the carbon holder is so
constructed and arranged as to form guide openings or apertures in which two
carbous arranged parallel to each other can be held and moved downward in such
a way that their lower ends will always maintain the same position with regard to
the poles m, m' of the electro-magnet M, the bridge or cross piece m³ of which is
bent backward to allow of the free passage of the carbons through the centre of
the holder. The distance of the parallel carbons from each other is determined
according to the thickness of the carbons and the strength of the electric current
to be used, in proportion to the thickness of the partition wall; beneath this latter
air insulation is sufficient. The partition wall can, however, be omitted and the
carbons be separated for their whole length by suitable insulating material which
consumes and falls away at the same rate as the carbous, in the same way as the
separating material used in Jablochkoff's candles. To the upper and lower sides
of the holder o are secured the contacts C, which bear against the carbons so
as to convey the alternating current thereto. The current can be conducted to the
contacts by conductors extending through the handle R which may be made
tubular for the purpose. The electro-maguet is fixed, and the carbons can be
adjusted by hand.
The alternating current soldering apparatus shown in Figs. 5 and 5 is
constructed with a vertically adjustable electro-magnet M, and firmly fixed
carbons k, k¹ arranged parallel to each other in a carbon holder o. The electro-
magnet is carried by a rack z suspended from a pawl P¹ that is pivoted to a lever H¹
and is pressed into gear with the said rack by a spring f¹. The arrangement is
such that in order to keep the voltaic are in the proper position between the
poles m² m² of the electro-magnet M, it is merely necessary to depress the free
end H of the lever H₁ over the handle A of the apparatus as the carbons are
burned or consumed, so as to cause the electro-magnet to follow the shortened
carbons, it being afterwards held with its poles in the new and correct position
relatively to the voltaic arc, by means of a detent P, until a fresh movement of
the lever H, by operating the pawl P', raises the rack z one tooth and thereby
presses back the spring of the detent P, which spring then causes the said detent

page_text: to engage with, the next, tooth of the rack 2. The end H of the lever Ḥ is
normally kept in its raised position by a spring, f.
Figs. 6 and 6 show another construction of soldering apparatus in which an
alternating current is used. The electro-magnet M in this arrangement is fixed,
and the parallel carbons kk' are insulated from each other by air or by a layer J
of plaster of Paris, and held by a suitable holder H which is fastened to a vertical
rack u¹. This rack is guided through a collar B which is fixed perpendicular to
the cross piece m³ of; the electro-magnet M and encloses a pinion w. This pinion
is keyed on, the end of the spindle R'.opposite to that on which the adjusting
heel Z. is fixed, and gears into the rack so that the latter can be raised or
lowered by hand, as may be desired. This soldering apparatus, as respects that
portion thereof extending from the handle to the pinion, and also, as regards the
arrangement of the electro-magnet, is similar in construction to the corresponding
portions of the apparatus shown in Figs. 3 and 3A and designed for a continuous
"1
current.
Figs. 7, 7, 7Band, 79, show, a further. modified construction of hand apparatus
suitable for alternating currents. In this case, the electro-magnet M is fixed, and
the placing of the carbons k, between the electro-magnetic poles m² m² is effected
by means of a spring. F arranged within the bandle A, their position being, adjusted
by means of set screws rr. By means of these screws, or by a divided and
insulating ring, the parallel carbons, which are insulated from each other, and, from
the spring F by which they are pressed forward, are held back and retained. in
proper position. The current passes to the carbons through wires e which are
screwed to metal bars, el against which slide metal holders in which the carbons
are held.
will
The electrical soldering apparatus shown in Figs. 8, 84 and 8 is designed for
continuous currents, the carbons being simultaneously adjusted by hand, after
determining their different rates, of consumption, the single adjustment being made
possible by a special way of actuating the carbon holders and racks u u' as
now proceed to explain. R¹ R. are two tubes, the one movable within the other.
On the inner and longer tube R' near to the handle A is fixed a regulating wheel.r¹,
whilst another regulating wheel is so attached to the short outer tube R2 that a
thumb applied to the smaller regulating wheel r can be caused to simultaneously
engage with the larger regulating wheel, so that both can be actuated together.
On the other end of the two tubes R R2 are two bevel wheels n, n' respectively
that engage with two other bevel wheels o o¹ which are mounted in the frame and
arranged to gear with and actuate the racks u u¹ which are of triangular form in
cross section. These racks are insulated from the carbon holders and guide these,
as in other forms of apparatus herein described, at an acute angle to each other
between the poles of the electro-magnet M. The frame is held by the support t
from the handle A, and, for beter insulation, can be composed of marble, porcelain,
or other non-conducting incombustible substance.
Figs. 9, 94 and 9B show a welding apparatus wherein the placing and maintaining
of the voltaic arc is regulated automatically. In the thick frame plate a, which is
bent at an angle of 45° at both sides, and in a fork G' attached to the centre of
the said plate, are mounted two spindles S' S', having right and left handed screw
threads respectively and carrying at their lower ends bevel wheels ¹, 2. The
upper end of the spindle S¹ is provided with a plate S and the upper end of the
spindle S is provided with an adjusting wheel c. Attached to the spindle S', in
addition to the adjusting wheel c, there is a winged nut or handle S whereby the
said spindle can be directly turned by hand for the purpose of adjusting the
carbons, when necessary, more quickly than can be done by the adjusting wheel c.
The automatic movement of the spindle S is effected by an armature A which is
provided with a pawl p gearing into the wheel c and is actuated by an electro-
magnet N when the circuit thereof is completed through a fixed set screw y and
a spring contact carried by the armature. Opposite to the armature plate S

page_text: .
attached to the spindle S', is an electro-magnet B, which is arranged in the main
current and which, by attracting the said armature plate S', moves the spindle St
end ways and moves the corresponding carbon k' away from the carbon k and:.so
forms.a voltaic. arc between them. The movement of the spindles S Sis
transmitted to the carbon holders t¹, t, by means of half nuts each of which
is carried by one end of a lever mounted in an 'extension of a slide w and pressed
against the spindle by means of a spring f. The slides w, which are connected
to the carbon holders tt, are mounted to slide on a bent bar or support. D.
For displacing the carbon holders t¹, t independently of the automatic adjustment,
levers are provided, each pivoted to a carbon holder and connected to the
corresponding haif nut i by a link h, the arrangement being such that by
operating either. lever; the corresponding nut i can be disengaged from its spindle
and the corresponding carbon holder adjusted by hand on its support D. The
main current passes through the positive terminal's and the frame to the carbon' k,
and thence to the carbon k', the windings of the arc deflecting magnet M and
arc striking magnet B, to the "negative terminal s'. The electro-magnet N is
placed in a shunt circuit between the terminals s' 52. The electro magnet-M,
can also be placed in a shunt circuit if desired.
1
"f
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven--
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim' is::-
1. For soldering and welding by means of a voltaic arc, a hand apparatus' in
which the carbons k k¹³ arranged at an angle to each other are kept centrally
in a suitable position between the two poles of an electro-magnet located below
the frame of the apparatus, by means of a set of wheels actuated by a regulating
wheel Z, the arrangement being such that the voltaic arc formed between the
points of the carbons will be at right angles to the lines of force of the said
electro-magnet, whereby the voltaic are can be deflected in a direction dependent
upon the direction of the winding of the said electro-magnet, substantially as
herein before described with reference to Fig. 1 of the drawings referred to.
2. A hand soldering and welding apparatus of the kind specified in the preceding
claim in which the electro-magnet is mounted on the frame or casing of the
apparatus and the deflected voltaic arc heats a soldering iron tool L placed in a
line with its focus, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Fig. 2
of the drawings referred to.
3. A band soldering and welding apparatus of the kind specified in Claim i, in
which the carbon holders are. kept at a given angle to each. other by a frame or
holder G and the regulating-wheel Z is arranged to move the said holders up and
down by means of a pinion to and a rack u' substantially as hereinbefore described
with references to Figs. 3 and 34 of the drawings referred to.
::
4. A hand alternating current apparatus for soldering and welding in which the
carbons are arranged parallel to each other, are. insulated from each other by air or
other suitable non-conductor, andiare capable of being moved between the poles of
a fixed electro-magnet so that the arc formed between the points of the said
carbons shall always be situate approximately centrally between the two poles of
the magnet and that the lines of force of the arc shall be in the same plane as, and
at right-angles to, the lines of force of the electro-magnet,. which will consequently
deflect the arc in a direction dépendent upon the direction of the winding of the
electro-magnet, substantially as herein before described with reference to Figs. 4, 44
and 4 of the drawings referred to.
5. A hand alternating current apparatus for soldering and welding, in which the
carbons are arranged parallel and are insulated from each other by means of air or
other non-conductor and the electro-magnet is provided with means for moving it
in accordance with the gradual consumption of the carbons so as to keep the arc
formed between the points of the carbons between the poles of the magnet and
approximately in such a position that the lines of force of the arc will be at right
B

page_text: angles to the lines of force of the clectro-magnet, which will consequently deflect
the arc in a direction dependent upon the direction of the winding of the
said electro-magnet, substantially, as hereinbefore described. with reference to
Figs. 5 and 5 of the drawings referred to.
6. A hand alternating current apparatus for soldering and welding in which the
carbons are insulated from each other by air or some other non-conductor and are
held at a fixed distance apart in a holder attached to a rack arranged to be moved
by a pinion connected with a regulating wheel, by means of which the arc formed
between the points of the carbons can be moved at the same rate as the carbons are
consumed so as to enable the lines of force of the arc to be at right angles to the
lines of force of the electro-magnet substantially as and for the purpose herein-
before described with reference to Figs. 6 and 6 of the drawings referred to.
7. A hand alternating current apparatus for soldering and welding in which the
carbons arranged parallel to each other, are insulated by air or some other non-
conductor and are pressed by a spring against stops so that the arc formed at their
points will be always situate between the poles of a fixed electro-magnet in such a
manner that the lines of force of the arc will be at right angles to the lines of force
of the electro-magnet substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described
with reference to Figs. 7, 7A, 7B of the drawings referred to.
8. A hand apparatus for soldering and welding in which the carbons are
arranged at a fixed angle to each other and are adapted to be raised and lowered
by separate pinions in connection with independent regulating wheels whereby
notwithstanding the consumption of the carbons, the arc formed between the
carbons can be maintained centrally between and at right angles to the poles of an
electro-magnet located beneath the frame of the apparatus, substantially as and for
the purpose hereinbefore described with reference to Figs. 8, 84 and 8 of the
drawings referred to.
9. A self regulating soldering and welding apparatus in which the carbon holders
are, after the striking of the arc, moved at a predetermined rate by means of two
screw threaded spindles that are arranged at an angle to each other, are secured
together, and are rotated by means of a shunt electro-magnet arranged to act upon
one of them, the arrangement being such as to automatically keep the arc between
the carbon points in such a central position between the two poles of a fixed
electro-magnet that the lines of force of the arc will approximately be at right
angles to, the lines of force of the electro-magnet, substantially as and for 'the
purpose hereinbefore described with reference to Figs. 9 and 94 of the drawings.
10. My improved electrical soldering and, welding apparatus constructed,
arranged and operating as hereinbefore described with reference respectively to
and shown in Fig. 1, in Fig. 2; in Figs. 3' and 34; in Figs. 4, 4, and 4º; in
Figs. 5 and 54; in Figs. 6 and 64; in Figs. 7, 74, 7; and 70; in Figs. 8, 84,
and 8B;
and in Figs. 9, 94, and 9B of the drawings herein referred to.