IMPROVE- MENTS IN WHAT ARE KNOWN AS 'DRY EARTH CLOSETS' AND 'URINALS.
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Daniel Thomas Bostel, of No. 21, Ship Street,
Brighton, in the County of Sussex, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WHAT ARE KNOWN AS 'DRY EARTH CLOSETS' AND 'URINALS.'"
Sealed the 30th April 1872, and dated the 27th January 1872.

page_text: from the other, and are caused to pass away into separate receivers, by
which means the amount of dry earth or other dry deodorizing material
required for deodorizing the solid excreta is greatly reduced. The pan
of the closet I make of a somewhat similar form to the pan of a water-
closet and provide it with a vertical partition running from one side of
the pan to the other at a suitable distance from the front. A pipe or
passage is formed for carrying off the urine from the front portion of the
pan, and the urine so led away may either be collected and used for
manufacturing purposes or may be conducted away by a suitable
waste pipe.
The bottom of the pan is cut away and below it is placed a scoop-
shaped valve. The back of the pan is also cut away to admit of dry
earth being thrown into the pan from a hopper at the back of the closet.
This hopper contains the supply of dry earth or other deodorizing
material, and is mounted on axes so that it can be swung backwards
and forwards in the usual manner. The scoop-shaped valve is formed
so as not only to close the bottom of the pan, but also to close an
opening in the top of the soil pipe or passage by which the solid excreta
are to be carried off. The valve is carried by an axis on its under side,
and is connected by a link with an arm projecting downwards from the
swinging hopper, so that when the hopper is swung back the valve is
turned over and any excreta and dry earth resting upon it are rolled
over and emptied into the soil pipe or receiver.
The swinging of the hopper backwards and forwards is arranged to be
controlled by the opening and closing of the lid of the closet. For this
purpose I prefer to fix a roller to an arm on the back of the lid to bear
against the arm fixed on the hopper as above mentioned, so that when
the lid is closed after the closet has been put in use the roller presses
back the hopper, and by so doing turns the scoop-shaped valve upon its
axis and empties the excreta and dry earth which were resting upon it
into the soil pipe or receiver. The valve is of such a form that in this
position also it closes or nearly so the opening in the cover of the soil
pipe and also the opening in the bottom of the pan. When the lid is
again opened the hopper swings forward, the scoop-shaped valve returns
to its former position, and a charge of dry earth or other dry deodorizing
material is delivered into it from the hopper. The pivot upon which the
hopper swings is placed at the front of the hopper, so that the hopper
swings forwards by its own weight.
.

page_text: To cause the hopper to deliver a measured charge of dry earth into the
pan each time the hopper swings, forward I prefer to form the hopper
with a measuring chamber projecting forwards from its lower end.
Between the hopper and this measuring chamber is a slide by which the
passage into the measuring chamber can be closed. The bottom of the
measuring chamber is open, and below it is a tray or shoot whose back
end is connected by a link to the back of the hopper, and its front end
is by another link connected to the cover of the soil pipe. The above-
mentioned slide is hinged to about the middle of this shoot. When the
lid of the closet is closed and the hopper is in its backward position as
above described the front of the tray or shoot is carried up by the link
connecting it to the cover of the soil pipe, and the tray or shoot then
closes the bottom of the earth measure and the slide is held up so that
dry earth is free to pass from the hopper into the earth measure. When
the lid of the closet is opened and the hopper swings forward the
forward end of the tray or shoot is drawn down by the link jointed to it,
and so the slide is drawn down and closes the entrance to the measuring
chamber, whilst the measured quantity of earth previously contained in
the chamber is free to fall into the pan of the closet.
This arrangement of apparatus for delivering measured charges of dry
earth or deodorizing material is also applicable for dry carth urinals.
In this case the swinging to and fro of the hopper may be controlled
by a moveable footboard or otherwise.
5
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Daniel Thomas Bostel in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 27th July 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, DANIEL
THOMAS BOSTEL, of No. 21, Ship Street, Brighton, in the County of
Sussex, send greeting.
0 WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of January, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two,
in the thirty-fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
.successors, give and grant unto me, the said Daniel Thomas Bostel,

page_text: This hopper contains the supply of dry earth or other deodorising
material, and is mounted on axes so that it can be swung backwards
and forwards in the usual manner. The scoop-shaped valve is formed
so as not only to close the bottom of the pan but also to close an
opening in the top of the soil pipe or passage by which the solid excreta
are to be carried off. The valve is carried by an axis on its under side
and is connected by a link with an arm projecting downwards from the
swinging hopper, so that when the hopper is swung back the valve is
turned over and any excreta and dry earth resting upon it are rolled
over and emptied into the soil pipe or receiver.
The swinging of the hopper backwards and forwards is arranged to be
controlled by the opening and closing of the lid of the closet. For this
purpose I prefer to fix a roller to an arm on the back of the lid to bear
against the arm fixed on the hopper as above mentioned, so that when
the lid is closed after the closet has been put in use the roller presses
back the hopper and by so doing turns the scoop-shape valve upon its
axis and empties the excreta and dry earth which were resting upon it
into the soil pipe or receiver. The valve is of such a form that in this
position also it closes or nearly so the opening in the cover of the soil
pipe and also the opening in the bottom of the pan. When the lid is
again opened the hopper swings forward, the scoop-shaped valve returns
to its former position, and a charge of dry earth or other dry deodorising
material is delivered into it from the hopper. The pivot upon which
the hopper swings is placed at the front of the hopper so that the hopper
swings forward by its own weight.
To cause the hopper to deliver a measured charge of dry earth into
the pan each time the hopper swings forward I prefer to form the
hopper with a measuring chamber projecting forwards from its lower
end. Between the hopper and this measuring chamber is a slide by
which the passage into the measuring chamber can be closed. The
bottom of the measuring chamber is open, and below it is a tray or shoot
whose back end is connected by a link to the back of the hopper, and its
front end is by another link connected to the cover of the soil pipe.
The above-mentioned slide is hinged to about the middle of this shoot.
When the lid of the closet is closed and the hopper is in its backward
position as above described the front of the tray or shoot is carried up by
the link connecting it to the cover of the soil pipe, and the tray, or shoot
then closes the bottom of the earth measure and the slide is held up só

page_text: that dry earth is free to pass from the hopper into the earth measure.
When the lid, of the closet is opened and the hopper swings forward the
forward end of the tray or shoot is drawn down by the link jointed to it,
and so the slide is drawn down and closes the entrance to the measuring
chamber, whilst the measured quantity of earth previously contained in
the chamber is free to fall into the pan of the closet.
This arrangement of apparatus for delivering measured charges of dry
earth or deodorising material is also applicable for dry earth urinals. In
this case the swinging to and fro of the hopper may be controlled by a
movable footboard or otherwise.

page_text: raised closes the opening a² at the bottom of the pan. This scoop or
valve is mounted on an axis 6' on its under side, and it is connected by
links be with arms c¹ which are fixed to the swinging hopper c in which
the supply of dry earth is contained. The hopper c is suspended on
pivots near its upper end, and so placed that the lower end of the hopper
shall have a tendency to swing forward. d is the lid of the closet
having projecting from it at the back arms & furnished at their ends
with rollers &², which when the lid is closed press against the arm c¹ on
the hopper and move the hopper backwards. The scoop or valve is then
by the links 62 turned into the position shewn at Figure 2, and any dry
earth and excreta previously contained in it is rolled over into the pipe e
or container, and is by it conveyed away to a suitable receptacle.
When the lid is opened the hopper swings forward by its own weight,
and the scoop or valve is turned into the position shewn at Figure 1,
when it closes the opening a² in the bottom of the pan, and a measured
quantity of dry earth having been discharged into it the closet is ready
for use.
I will now proceed to describe more fully my arrangement of apparatus
for supplying the measured quantities of dry earth. At the bottom of
the hopper c is a tray f, the back end of which is carried by a link g
from the back of the hopper, whilst the front end is supported by a
link h turning on a fixed centre at h¹. To the trayfis jointed the
'slide by which the hopper is divided from the measuring chamber c²,
which is at its lower end. When the hopper is swung forward the
slide k shuts off earth from the measuring chamber, and when the
hopper is swung back the slide k is moved into a position in which earth
can pass into the measuring chamber, whilst at the same time the earth
as it passes into this chamber is supported on the tray f, as shewn at
Figure 2, and is ready to be thrown forward and discharged into the
O pan when the hopper again swings forward on the opening of the lid
of the closet.
As before stated this arrangement of apparatus for delivering measured
earth" urinals.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I claim,―
1. The construction of the pans of
"
dry earth
"
closets in such

page_text: manner as to separate the liquid from the solid excreta, whereby the
amount of "dry earth" required for deodorizing the solid excreta is
much reduced.
2. The combined arrangement or construction of dry earth closets,
substantially as herein-described.
3. The giving motion from the lid of a dry earth closet to the
apparatus for discharging measured quantities of dry earth into the
pan, substantially as herein described.
4. The combined arrangement of apparatus for delivering measured
quantities of dry earth to dry earth closets or urinals, substantially as
herein described.
5. The combining with the pan of a "dry earth" closet the scoop or
valve 6 which closes the opening at the bottom of the pan at the time
when the closet is ready for use, and is also capable of being turned on
an axis below it for the purpose of discharging the excreta and "
'dry
earth" into a receiver.
In witness whereof, I, the said Daniel Thomas Bostel, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of July, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
DANIEL THOS. BOSTEL. (L.S.)