THE MANUFACTURE OF GELATINE
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Louis Jullion and Gordon Pirie, both of
Stoneywood Works, Aberdeen, North Britain, Paper Makers, for the
Invention of "THE MANUFACTURE OF GELATINE."
Scaled the 31st August 1859, and dated the 7th March 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Louis Jullion
and Gordon Piric at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 7th March 1859.
We, JOHN LOUIS JULLION and GORDON PIRIE, both of Stoneywood Works,
Aberdeen, North Britain, Paper Makers, do hereby declare the nature of.
the said Invention for "THE MANUFACTURE OF GELATINE," to be as follows.
(that is to say):-
Our Invention, which has reference to the manufacture of gelatine from.
bones by chemically separating their constituent parts, consists in placing the
bones previously crushed or broken, together with suitable solvents, into closed
vessels and exhausting the air therefrom, until the whole of the earthy matters
are dissolved and the gelatine left as the residium.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Louis Jullion and Gordon Pirie in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 7th September 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
LOUIS JULLION and GORDON PIRIE, both of Stoneywood Works, Aberdeen,
North Britain, Paper Makers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said John Louis Jullion and Gordon Pirie, Her special licence that we,
the said John Louis Jullion and Gordon Pirie, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said John Louis Jullion and Gordon
Pirie, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, excrcise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "THE MANUFACTURE
OF GELATINE," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said John
Louis Jullion and Gordon Piric, our executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of our or their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Louis Jullion and Gordon
Pirie, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement (that is to say):
Our Invention has reference to the treatment of bones so as to obtain
therefrom gelatine in a solid form (available in the arts and manufactures),
and consists in chemically separating the constitutent parts thereof, by
causing them to be first cut, crushed or broken, and subsequently submitted,
in vacuuo, to the action of such acids as are suitable for forming soluble com-
Rounds of phosphate of lime; preference, however, being given to hydrochloric
acid, or such other acids as are comparitively innoccuous in their action upon

page_text: gelatine, and yet at the same time of sufficient power for dissolving the
earthy matters.
But in order that our said Invention may be more fully understood and
readily carried into effect, we now proceed to describe in detail the mode of
performing the same (that is to say):-
We first cause the bones, previously cleansed and sorted for the purpose
of separating the more dense and solid portions thereof from those of lighter
specific gravity, to be cut, crushed, or broken by any suitable mechanism,
whereby the acid is caused to act with greater effect upon the bones, for the
purpose of more readily dissolving the earthy constituents, and facilitating the
process of obtaining the gelatine; the bones, cut, crushed or broken, as afore-
said, are then to be placed within any suitable closed chamber or vessel, and
covered with the acid solution; we then cause the air to be exhausted there-
from by any of the well-known contrivances for the said purpose; and the
bones are to be thus maintained under operation for the space of about
forty-eight hours in all cases in which the dense or heavier portions of bone
are employed, whilst the lighter or porous descriptions of bone may be equally
operated upon in about half that time, when the whole of the earthy matters
will be dissolved and the gelatine left as the residium. In operating upon the
heavier portions of bone, we employ the hydrochloric acid solution at a strength
of about seven degrees Twaddle, whilst, for the lighter or thinner bones, such
as those of sheep or pigs, we employ hydrochloric acid solution of about three
or three and a half degrees Twaddle, but in either case the bone is submitted
to the action of the acid in a cold state; the strength, however, should be
varied proportionately to the specific gravity of the bones to be operated upon
in order that the phosphate of lime may be removed without leaving an excess
of the agent used for its solution.; for example, to every ten hundredweight of
heavy or solid bone we employ about four hundred gallons of acid solution at
seven degrees Twaddle, whilst for the same weight of the thinner or lighter
bones, as above mentioned, the same quantity of solution should be used, at
about three or three and a half degrees Twaddle.
Having now described the nature of this our said Invention and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, we would have it clearly understood
that we do not confine ourselves to the precise details herein-before described,
nor do we claim the exclusive use of the several processes and substances
herein mentioned and referred to, except when the same are employed for the
purposes of our said Invention, which we hereby declare to consist in the

page_text: manufacture of gelatine from bones by causing them to be previously cut,
crushed or broken, and subsequently submitted in a cold state to the action of
the above-mentioned acids in vacuuo, in the manner and for the purposes
herein-before set forth and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Louis Jullion, on behalf of myself
and of the said Gordon Pirie, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this
Seventh day of September, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-nine.
JOHN LOUIS JULLION. (L.S.)
Witness,
F. R. DARKIN CAMPBELL,
Clerk to Messrs. Weatherdon & Co.,
77, Chancery Lane.