IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COMPOUNDS OF INDIA RUBBER, GUTTA PERCHA AND LIKE MATERIALS to be as follows
Year: 1884

page_text: I ALFRED HENRY HUTH F.S.A. of 17 Kensington Square in the County
of Middlesex Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of my invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COMPOUNDS OF INDIA RUBBER, GUTTA
PERCHA AND LIKE MATERIALS to be as follows :-
"
My invention relates to combining india rubber gutta percha and analogous
elastic vegetable products with resins and gums more or less of a brittle nature for
the purpose of reducing the cost of the manufactured product and improving the
insulating and mechanical properties for the purposes for which these substances
are used.
Various processes have been from time to time devised for obtaining the object
of my invention but they have been uniformly unsuccessful in practical application
owing to the neglect of attention to the fact first that the resins used have different
melting points both among themselves and as compared with india rubber gutta
percha and the like elastic vegetable substances rendering successful combination
at the heats used in manufactures impossible and secondly to the fact that the
resins and other materials used always contain volatile oils which if not first
separated cause the manufactured articles made with their admixture with gutta
percha india rubber and the like to become spongy and imperfect at the heat
required to be used in the manufacture of the combinations.
In my process I take admixtures of gum kauri resin amber colophony gum
anime copal lac seindrac mastic and such analogous resins and combine them with
or without earth wax solid paraffin or like substance in such definite proportions
that the combination may have a melting point which shall correspond with the
heat to which the india rubber or clastic substance intended to be combined with
them will be exposed in the manufacture or curing of the goods. This will be
clearly understood by all practical manufacturers as the curing temperature and
varies with the nature of the goods to be made-Thus if the goods are intended to
be cured at a temperature of 240° Fan. the resins specified above shall be
combined in such proportions as shall have a melting point of 240° Fahr."
If the goods (hard goods) require curing temperature of "300° Fahr." then the
mixture of resins to be combined with then must also have a melting point
"of 300° Fahr." which can be accomplished by the admixture of larger proportions
of the more difficultly fusible resins such as amber, kauri, and a less proportion of
easily fusible resins such as colophony earth wax and the like and these proportions
must obviously be varied for every temperature at which the goods shall be
required to be cured.

page_text: I also take the mixed gums so combined as to give the necessary melting point
required and melt them in a jacketted pan or other suitable vessel at a temperature
exceeding by say 20° Fahr, their natural melting point and keep them so until the
volatile oils or matter are driven off which is easily ascertained by no further
fumes being produced.
These combined resins are then cooled and ground to a fine powder and mixed
with the india rubber gutta percha or like material on spreading rolls or
otherwise.
Various proportions of these mixed resins can be combined with india rubber
gutta percha and the like with equally varying proportions of sulphur and other
extraneous mixtures well known to the trade which may be used according to the
nature of the goods required. True combination in every case takes place without
blowing or sponginess if proper attention be paid not to expose the goods in the
cure to a higher temperature than the melting point of the mixed resins that have
been added In this way india rubber gutta porcha and the like can be efficiently
combined with the cheaper resins above indicated.
These combined mixtures absorb sulphur in nearly the same proportions as pure
india rubber Gutta Percha and the like and if proper attention be paid to the
Melting point and the elimination of the volatile oils the result is uniformly
successful Perfectly solid and homogeneous products are the result-These are of
great cheapness and utility for the purposes for which gutta percha and India
rubber are now applied.
In practically carrying out my Invention I first powder separately the gums
and resins intended to be used and mix them together in any of the following

page_text: I ALFRED HENRY HUTHI. F.S.A. of 17 Kensington Square in the County
of Middlesex Gentleman. do hereby declare the nature of my invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COMPOUNDS OF INDIA RUBBER,
GUTTA PERCHA AND LIKE MATERIALS" and in what manner the same is to bo
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement
My invention relates to combining india-rubber, gutta percha and analogous
clastic vegetable products with resins and gums more or less of a brittle nature for
the purpose of reducing the cost of the manufactured product and improving the
insulating and mechanical properties for the purposes for which these substances
are used.
Various processes have been from time to time devised for obtaining the object
of my invention but they have been uniformly unsuccessful in practical application
owing to the neglect of attention to the fact first that the resins used have different
melting points both among themselves and as compared with india rubber gutta
percha and the like elastic vegetable substances rendering successful combination
at the heats used in manufacture impossible and secondly to the fact that the
resins and other materials used always contain volatile oils which if not first
separated cause the manufactured articles made with their admixture with gutta
percha, india rubber, and the like to become spongy and imperfect at the heat
required to be used in the manufacture of the combinations.
In my process I take admixtures of gum kauri resin, amber, colophony, gum
animé, copal, lac, sandrac, mastic and such analogous resins and combine them
with or without earth wax solid paratlin or like substance in such definite
proportions that the combination may have a melting point which shall correspond
with the heat to which the india rubber or elastic substance intended to be
combined with them will be exposed in the manufacture or curing of the goods.
This will be clearly understood by all practical manufacturers as the curing
temperature and varies with the nature of the goods to be made. Thus if the
goods are intended to be cured at a temperature of 240° Fahrenheit "the resins
specified above shall be combined in such proportions as shall have a melting point
of 240° Fahrenheit."
"
If the goods (hard goods) require a curing temperature of "300° Fahrenheit"
then the mixture of resins to be combined with them must also have a melting
point of "300° Fahrenheit" which can be accomplished by the admixture of
larger proportions of the more difficulty fusible resins such as amber, kauri, and a
less proportion of easily fusible resins such as Colophony earth wax and the like
and these proportions must obviously be varied for every temperature at which the
goods shall be required to be cured.
I also take the mixed guns so combined as to give the necessary melting
point required and melt them in a jacketted pan or other suitable vessel at a
temperature exceeding by say 20° Fahrenheit their natural melting point and keep
them so until the volatile oils acids or other matters are driven off which is easily
ascertained by no further fumes being produced.
These combined resins are then cooled and ground to a fine powder and mixed
with the india rubber, gutta percha or like material on spreading rollers or
otherwise.
Various proportions of these mixed resins can be combined with india rubber,
gutta percha, and the like with equally varying proportions of sulphur and other

page_text: Earth wax shall be considered as embracing natural paraffin (manufactured
paraffin scale) ozokerit or the other homologues of distilled tar of a similar
nature.
Any of the above proportions or other suitable mixtures of these or analogous
materials or resins having a melting temperature equal to the heat that the
particular goods to be made with them. will be exposed to during the cure or
vulcanization may be employed.
These mixed resins or materials are then placed in a suitable pan and
thoroughly fused either by steam heat or directly over an open fire with constant
stirring.
The fusion is continued until all frothing and fumes have ceased. The
thoroughly incorporated materials and resins are then cooled and thoroughly
powdered. These may now be mixed in any proportion with india rubber gutta
.percha or the like either with or without sulphur and other extraneous materia's
commonly used in the india rubber trade on the spreading rollers or other
mechanical appliances.-Should sulphur be used in the mixture the same
proportion of sulphur should be employed viz. about 2 ounces to the pound of
mixture as if the india rubber gutta percha or the liko were pure.
In the cure or vulcanization it will be found that the mixed resins and materials
added lave the effect of fixing the sulphur in the goods permanently.
With these materials or with india rubber and sulphur alone or with some of
them I also combine insulite in various proportions according to the purpose the
compound is intended to serve.
By insulite I mean the preparation known by this name and consisting of wood
or vegetable fibre in a finely divided condition desiccated and saturated or
impregnated with a mixture consisting of melted bitumen or asphalte incorporated
with a substance or substances of the resin type either with or without a substance
or substances of the paraffin or anthracene types.
As analogues of india rubber and gutta percha subject to be treated according to
this Specification I comprise the guns resulting from the Plant Siphonia Cahuca,
the Heven, Guianensis, the Ficus Rilegeosa Cautschuc, the Jatropha Elastica, the
Ficus Indica, the Castilliga Elastica, the Ceropia Pelleta, the Siphonia Elastica, tho
Urceolaria Elastica, Horncornia Elastica Speedosa, the Ficus Elastica and the
climbing Ficuses belonging to the same species, the Urcoela Elastica and
the inspissated juices of all the order of plants called Euphorbiacea and Julicca,
the Artocarpus Integifolia, the Artocarpus Lakoocha, the Ficus Indica, Tsiela

page_text: Roxburghie, Ficus Glomerata, the Ficus Oppositifolia, tho Gutta Shea or Tallow
Tree Many of the gums resulting from the inspissated juices of some of the
above enumerated plants are now introduced into commerce as "Para India
Rubber" " Madagacca India rubber" " African India Rubber" " South American
India Rubber," "Gutta Shea," "Balata," "Gutta Percha," "Bastard India Rubber"
and "Bastard Gutta Percha"-All the large parcels of India Rubber or Gutta
Percha sold on the market being more or less combinations of several of these gums
according to quality without uniformity or distinction or indeed knowledge of the
plants from which they originated.
Having now particularly described and specified the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:
First. The combination resulting from the admixture of india rubber, gutta
percha or like material with resins or gums and with sulphur, the said resins and-
gums being so combined as to have a melting temperature corresponding to the
curing heat and the material being cured as herein set forth.
Second. The combination with india rubber, gutta percha, and like materials of
resins or gums, previously freed from volatile oils whether mixed together or
separately as herein set forth.
Third. The combination with india rubber, gutta percha and like materials of
the mixtures of resins and gums herein set forth and numbered 1 to 5.
Fourth. The combination of india rubber, gutta percha, and like materials, with
resins or gums, freed from volatile oil and with insulite as herein set forth.
Fifth. The combination with india rubber, gutta percha and like materials of
sulphur and insulite as herein set forth.