IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR GRINDING OR CRUSHING ANIMAL, VEGETABLE, AND MINERAL SUBSTANCES
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Frederick Plummer, of Saint Mary's
Overy Wharf, in the Borough of Southwark, Mechanist, for the
Invention of "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR GRINDING OR CRUSHING
ANIMAL, VEGETABLE, AND MINERAL SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 28th April 1854, and dated the 13th December 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Frederick
Plummer at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 13th December 1853.
I WILLIAM FREDERICK PLUMMER do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY POR GRINDING OR CRUSHING
ANIMAL VEGETABLE AND MINERAL SUBSTANCES" to be as follows
This Invention relates to a novel arrangement of machinery whereby
I am enabled to effect the operations of grinding or crushing vegetable
and other matters with great facility. Hitherto it has been generally
the practice, when arranging crushing rollers in a frame, to group them
in pairs and to adjust them by means of screws to their position; but
16386-2.

page_text: as a more simple and efficient arrangement I propose to arrange two
rollers one above the other with their axles in the same vertical plane,
and to set a third roller parallel with the top roller, but a little higher
than and towards the side of that roller. The lower roller turns in
fixed bearings and the axles of the two upper rollers turn in bearings
carried by guides. These upper rollers adjust themselves to their work
by gravitation and the material to be operated upon is fed between the
upper rollers by means of a hopper set between them.
The material after it has been subjected to the action of the first
and second rollers, passes between the second and third rollers, and is
delivered out of the machine by a shute. Scrapers are provided for
clearing the material from the surface of the rollers. These rollers I
connect together by suitable gearing or by bands and pulleys for giving
them all different surface speeds and I thus obtain any desired variation
sufficient to produce a grinding action.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Frederick Plummer in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 13th June 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME I
WILLIAM FREDERICK PLUMMER of Saint Mary's Overy Wharf in the
Borough of Southwark Mechanist send greeting
WHEREAS. Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria by Her
Letters Patent bearing date the Thirteenth day of December in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundrod and fifty-three. in
the seventeenth year of Her reign did for Herself Her heirs and
successors give and grant unto me the said William Frederick
Plummer Her special license that I tho said William Frederick
Plummer my executors administrators and assigns or such others
as I the said William Frederick Plummer my executors admi-
nistrators and assigns should at any time agree with and no others
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed should and lawfully might make use exercise and vend

page_text: within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland the Channel
Islands and Isle of Man an Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR
GRINDING OR CRUSHING ANIMAL, VEGETABLE, AND MINERAL SUBSTANCES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I tho said William
Frederick Plummer by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention and in what manner the same was to be performed and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE that I the said William Frederick Plummer
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement reference being had to the
Drawing hereunto annexed and to the letters and figures marked
thereon (that is to say)
This Invention relates to a novel arrangement of machinery whereby
I am enabled to effect the operation of grinding or crushing vegetable
and other matters with great facility.
Hitherto it has been generally the practice when arranging crushing
rollers in a frame to group them in pairs, and to adjust them by means
of screws to their position, but as a more simple and efficient arrange-
ment I propose to arrange two rollers composed either of stone or iron
or other metal, one above the other in the same vertical plane and to
set a third roller parallel with the top roller, but a little higher than
and towards the side of that roller, and to feed the material which is
required to be operated upon between the upper rollers by means of a
hopper set above them. The material after it has been subjected to the
action of the first and second rollers passes under the bite of the second
and third rollers and is then delivered out of the machine by a shute.
In the accompanying Drawing Fig. 1 is a front elevation of iny
improved mill the framing being in section the better to shew the
construction of the working parts. Fig. 2 is an end elevation-and
Fig. 3 a partial sectional elevation taken in the line 1, 2, of Fig. 1.
a a is a framing of cast iron and supporting in brasses the main

page_text: driving shaft 6 which forms the axle for the lower crushing roller c.
This shaft 6 is provided at one end with driving pulleys & and at the
other with a fly wheel for steadying the action of the mill. Above the
roller c and bearing upon its periphery is a roller e the axle of which
projects through the standards of the framing a a and is fitted with
brasses which are caused to bear with a yielding pressure upon it by
means of adjusting screws ff which press upon bow springs carried
by the brasses. I am thus enabled to determine the degree of proximity
which shall exist between the two rollers while they are in action and
permit of the upper one rising and passing out of the machine without
injury to the rollers any hard extraneous substance that may have
been supplied thereto. At their upper ends the standards carry
bracket pieces a✶ a* which form bearings for the axle of the roller
which is raised somewhat above, but a little in the rear of, the roller c.
This roller g, runs in contact with the roller e, and is kept to its work
by means of screws 4, which press upon springs interposed between
them and the brasses of the axle of the roller and thus a yielding
pressure is also put upon the roller g. A hopper'i, fitting the peripheries
of the rollers e andy, is set above them as shewn in the Drawing and it
is held in place by means of bracket arms kk, bolted to the sides
of the hopper and secured to the framing by nuts on the adjusting
screws ff.
The material to be crushed or ground (say for example a pigment)
is placed in this hopper i and as the rollers rotate in the direction of
the arrows in Fig. 3 it will pass first under the bite of the rollers
g and e and then (clinging to the periphery of the roller e) it will pass
under the bite of that roller and the lowest roller c, and from the
periphery of this latter roller it will be removed by a scraper 2, and
discharged down a trough m, into any suitable receptacle prepared to
receive it. This scraper 7, is secured to the framing by means of
adjusting screws as shewn best at Fig. 1. The rollers e, and 9, are
driven from the main driving shaft by gearing n n as shewn in the
Drawing or they may be driven by bands and pulleys care being taken
that all the rollers shall receive different surface speeds to ensure a
grinding action.
+

page_text: Having now set forth the nature of my Invention of "Improved
Machinery for Grinding or Crushing Animal Vegetable and Mineral
Substances" and explained the manner of carrying the same into effect,
I wish it to be understood that under the above in part recited Letters
Patent I claim the general construction and arrangement of grinding
and crushing machinery as above described. And particularly I claim.
the arrangement of the self-adjusting grinding or crushing rollers
in combination with the feeding hopper as shewn at Fig. 3 of the
Drawing.
In witness whereof I the said William Frederick Plummer
have hereunto set my hand and seal the Thirteenth day of
June in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-four.
WILLIAM FREDERICK PLUMMER. (L.s.)