Improvements in Apparatus for Heating and Cooling Liquids.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 28th July, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 29th Apr., 1895-Accepted, 27th July, 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Heating and Cooling Liquids.
We ALFRED LAWRENCE of Boston Brewery Brentford in the County of
Middlesex Brewer and BENNETT SONS AND SHEARS LIMITED of 167 Kingsland
Road, London E. Engineers and Coppersmiths, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to refrigerators or heating apparatus constructed of or
with corrugated metal surfaces or of tubes, which may be worked and rocked
vertically, horizontally or at any convenient angle.
The invention consists in or of the combination of certain devices applied to
apparatus of the nature above mentioned and are as follows:-We construct the
apparatus such as above described preferably oblong in shape on plan and at each
of the narrower sides or ends we affix a hollow trunnion, on or by which the
apparatus may be supported and swung laterally; said trunnions may be made
hollow, fixed to convenient frames and can serve for the passage and exit of liquids
to be cooled or liquids for cooling or for heating by the apparatus, as the case may
be. We also attach to the bottom or underside of the apparatus a support prefer-
ably about the middle thereof, mounted in or upon a ball and socket joint, capable
of travelling in a grooved plate so that said support will, when in position and the
trunnions or their connections are disconnected, hold up the apparatus and allow of
it being balanced and swung in any desired direction for cleansing and drainage
purposes.
The support may be fixed or made detachable and may be mounted on one or more
legs or pillars, and elastic and adjustable bearings may be used for securing the ends
or bottom of the apparatus, when used in a certain position; all such supports and
bearings may be removed or detached, when not required.
We further construct the apparatus with one or more drainage channels, gutters
or tubes, passed along and fixed beneath or on the sides of the apparatus and
having perforations on their upper surfaces, communicating respectively with the
spaces within and between the corrugated plates or tubes, and into and by these
perforated contrivances drain or wash off or out the water or liquid respectively
and the residuum thereof passing in or over the apparatus, which is constructed
with orifices or openings, which will allow of their contents or some of them passing
to the drainage channels or conversely from the latter to the apparatus,
We also stay each or some of the corrugations by a combined stay and diaphragm,
fixed at its base on the bottom of the apparatus and projecting upward therefrom
between the walls of the corrugation and scalloped at its upper edge; at certain
points it may be fitted with cross stays to support the said walls and at its extreme
points with stays to support and bold the top of the corrugations and for drainage
purposes the diaphragm may be perforated,
When flat tubes are used, they may be constructed by using internal perforated
diaphragms connecting the two sides and such tubes may be fixed direct to the
bottom where also one or more drain tubes or gutters as before described may be
fixed for draining off the respective liquid in or outside the tubes, or other forms of
drainages for wort and liquor may be used.
And lastly we supply loose grids or pieces placed between the outer walls of the
corrugations; and projections on the upper surface of the corrugated tubes to
direct the flow of the current or tubes to promote the evenness of flow over the

page_text: exterior surfaces of the corrugated plates or tubes. Said grids may be fashioned,
so as to leave a space between any convenient cover and the outer liquid so as to
admit and allow of a free current of air being passed between the liquid surface
and the cover.
Such grids may be formed for the purpose of stiffening such
corrugations.
The refrigerator may also be made in duplex with the upper part to lift out, so
that the wort runs between, and liquor circulates through the top as well as the
bottom chambers; the top would thus form baffles.
Dated this 28th day of July 1894.
REGINALD HADDAN,
Agent to Applicants.
Improvements in Apparatus for Heating and Cooling Liquids.
We ALFRED LAWRENCE of Boston Brewery, Brentford in the County of
Middlesex, Brewer, and BENNETT, SONS & SHEARS, LIMITED of 167 Kingsland
Road, London, E., Brewers' Engineers and Coppersmiths do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to refrigerators or heating apparatus constructed of or
with corrugated metal surfaces or of tubes which may be worked and rocked
vertically, horizontally or at any convenient angle.
The invention consists in or of the combination of certain devices applied to
apparatus of the nature above mentioned and are as follows:-We construct the
apparatus, such as above described preferably oblong in shape on plan and at each
of the narrowest sides or ends we affix a hollow trunnion on or by which the
apparatus may be supported and swung laterally; said trunnions may be made
hollow, fixed to convenient frames and can serve for the passage and exit of liquids
to be cooled or liquids for cooling or for heating by the apparatus as the case may
be. We also attach to the bottom or underside of the apparatus a support prefer-
ably about the middle thereof mounted in or upon a ball and socket joint capable
of travelling in a grooved plate so that said support will, when in position and the
trunnions or their connections are disconnected, hold up the apparatus and allow of
it being balanced and swung in any desired direction for cleansing and drainage
purposes.
The support may be fixed or made detachable and may be mounted on one or more
legs or pillars and elastic and adjustable bearings may be used for securing the ends
or bottom of the apparatus when used in a certain position; all such supports and
bearings may be removed or detached when not required.
We further construct the apparatus with one or more drainage channels, gutters
or tubes passed along and fixed beneath or on the sides of the apparatus and
having perforations on their upper surfaces "communicating respectively with the
spaces within and between the corrugated plates or tubes, and into and by thèso
perforated contrivances drain and wash off or out the water or liquid respectively
and the residuum thereof passing in or over the apparatus, which is constructed
with orifices or openings which will allow of their contents or some of them passing
to the drainage channels or conversely from the latter to the apparatus.
We also stay each or some of the corrugations by a combined stay and diaphragm
fixed at its base on the bottom of the apparatus and projecting upward therefrom
between the walls of the corrugation and scalloped at its upper edge; at certain
points it may be fitted with cross stays to support the said walls and at its extreme
points with stays to support and hold the top of the corrugations, and for drainage
purposes the diaphragm may be perforated.

page_text: When flat tubes are used they may be constructed by tising internal perforated
diaphragms connecting the two sides and such tubes may be fixed direct to the
bottom where also one or more drain tubes or gutters as before described may be
fixed for draining off the respective liquid in or outside the tubes, or other forms of
drainage for wort and liquor may be used.
And lastly we supply loose grids or pieces placed between the outer walls of the
corrugations and projections on the upper surface of the corrugated tubes to direct
the flow of the current or tubes to promote the evenness of flow over the exterior
surfaces of the corrugated plates or tubes. Said grids may be fashioned so as to
leave a space between any convenient cover and the outer liquid so as to admit
and allow of a free current of air being passed between the liquid surface and the
cover; such grids may be formed for the purpose of stiffening such corrugations.
The refrigerator may also be made in duplex with the upper part to lift out so
that the wort runs between and the liquor circulates through the top as well as the
bottom chambers. The top would thus form baffles.
The construction by which this invention is carried into effect is shown in the.
annexed drawings in which
Fig. 1 is a side elevation partly in section of a refrigerator embodying the.
improvements.
Fig. 2 is a plan of the same showing the baffles in section.
Figs. 3 and 4 are sections on an enlarged scale showing two forms of
corrugation.
Fig. 5 is a section of a form in which flat or rectangular tubes are used in
conjunction with a loose grid.
Fig. 6 is an end elevation more particularly of the drainage channel.
Fig. 7 is a longitudinal section of the latter.
Fig. 8 shows such drainage channels in cross section.
A represents the refrigerator and E, E' show the hollow trunnions supported in
pillar bearings D D, one at each end of the central longitudinal axis of the-
refrigerator. E³ is a stop cock in connection with one of the trunnions and E" is a
funnel beneath the turned down end of a rising pipe in connection with the other-
hollow trunnion. G are the corrugated plates the corrugations of which extend
across the refrigerator, the said plates forming the separating medium between the..
space which lies below said plates and the space above the plates. With the space
below the plates G the hollow trunnions E E' communicate one at each end. The
inlet and outlet to the space above the plates G are constituted by the pipes F
and Frespectively as shown in Fig. 1.
C is the pillar carrying at its upper end the ball C¹ over which fits the
corresponding socket C2 on the under side of the refrigerator at or near the centre
thereof so that these parts act as a ball and socket joint in the manner and for the
purpose previously described.
B are the drainage channels and S are the perforations by which they
communicate with the space between the plates G and the bottom of the
refrigerator. These perforations may be closed by a perforated slide S in which
the perforations are so arranged that by drawing the rod T the slide may be moved
to cover or cause its perforations to coincide with the perforations S². U is a
gland and V a nut forming a stuffing box for passage of rod T. W is a handle-
to said rod.
J represent the combined stay and diaphragm plates and the cross stays.
carried thereby. K shows the perforations in the base of each stay J for drainage
purposes. Where flat tubes G are used in place of plates G as shown in Fig. 5.
the cross stays O may be fitted therein. L represents sectional bottom pieces which
may be fitted between the stays J.
H represents baffle plates extending along the ridges of the tubes or corrugated
plates from the opposite side walls alternately. These plates are perforated at H
as shown in Figs. 2 and 3. Between the plates Hare fitted the T shaped grids.
consisting of the horizontal plate N and the vertical web M the former being:

page_text: supported on the plates H or otherwise as that the web M extends down between
the ridges of plates G or between the tubes G¹ where it may carry cross stays as
shown in Fig. 3.
The apparatus is used in the same manner as apparatus of a similar kind
ordinary cold or hot water is passed between the corrugated plates the wort or
liquid to be refrigerated or heated being passed over such plates. The apparatus
can be rocked to accommodate the flow of wort.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. The combination with a horizontal refrigerator, of hollow trunnions at the
ends thereof forming also inlet and outlet for liquid and a ball and socket joint
with support therefor at the centre of the underside of said refrigerator, the said
bearings being detachable for separate use of either trunnions or ball and socket.
bearing.
2. The combination with a horizontal refrigerator of a ball and socket joint with
support thereof and means for connecting the same to the refrigerator in the
manner and for the purpose described.
3. The combination with a refrigerator of the drainage channels or channel
adapted to the base or side thereof with perforations communicating with the
refrigerator, and a perforated slide or valve adapted to open or close the said
communications.
4. The combination with the corrugated plate G of the scolloped, slotted, or
perforated stay and diaphragm plate J in the manner described and with or without
the cross stays O.
5. The combination with the corrugated plate G of the loose grids consisting of
plate N with web M arranged in relation to the corrugations, and baffle plates if
used, as described.
6. The combination of the grids M N with the flat tubes G', and the stay
diaphragms in said tubes substantially as described and illustrated.
7. A refrigerator embodying the aforesaid details of constructions substantially
as herein described and represented in the drawings.
Dated this 27th day of April 1895.
HERBERT HADDAN & Co.,
18 Buckingham Street, Strand, W.C., Agents to Applicants.