IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR MOULDING ARTIFICIAL STONE FOR BUILDING PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Carrington Sellars, of Birkenhead, in the County of
Chester, Manufacturing Chemist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR MOULDING ARTIFICIAL STONE FOR BUILDING
PURPOSES."
Sealed the 23rd September 1876, and dated the 25th March 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Carrington Sellars at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th March 1876.
JOHN CARRINGTON SELLARS, of Birkenhead, in the County of Chester, Manufac-
turing Chemist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR MOULDING
ARTIFICIAL STONE FOR BUILDING PURPOSES."
This Invention has for its object to provide apparatus or appliances in which
artificial stone, when in the semi-plastic condition, can be moulded into various forms,
such as hollow blocks, slabs, linings, jointings and other shapes in stone employed in'
building.
Apparatus or appliances constructed under my Invention consist essentially of a
stationary mould or container for holding the material to be moulded, and a plunger
operated by a screw or other suitable means for compressing and solidifying the
loose or semi-plastic material constructed and operating in any ordinary or convenient
manner.
The following parts, however, specially adapted for the purposes desired, constitute
the novel features of my Invention.
First. As means for rapidly filling the mould or container with the proper quantity
of material, I employ measuring boxes or jackets into which the said material is
filled in the form of the desired block or other article. The measuring box and
contents is then placed over the container, and the material allowed to slide into
the said container. In filling the said boxes different kinds of material may be
filled in to form the. different sides of the blocks or other articles, or to form linings
to the blocks.
Second. As means for forming hollow blocks I employ a moving core, around
which the material to be moulded is filled. The said core sinks with the plunger
and reinains at the bottom of the container whilst the finished block is being
removed. The said core may in some cases be allowed to remain stationary,
especially if it is perforated to permit of the escape of air, a hollow plunger being
provided, or the said core may be drawn up within the said plunger.
[Price Gd.]

page_text: Third. As means for carrying away finished hollow blocks I form them on the
top of loose rings, which are ejected from the container with the blocks and serve
as stands on which to carry them. I prefer that the said rings should be of wood
fitted with a beaded metal ring.
Fourth. As means for ejecting finished hollow blocks I employ a pronged ejector,
which fits against the rings above mentioned and raises them out of the container
at the desired time.
Fifth. To prevent the plunger sticking to the block when formed 1 provide a
loose face or suction ring, free to fall a certain distance and allow the air to enter
whilst the plunger is being raised.
Sixth. As means for freeing the mould or container from any superfluous material
I fit the bottom with a grid on which the loose rings mentioned under head three
rest.
Seventh. As means for forming blocks with a surface of finer material than the
body I employ a duplex die one within the other, one die to make the outer skin
or ring, and the other the lining or inner ring of material. The press is operated
twice to produce one block.
Containers, cores, and dies are made interchangeable, so that several sizes and
forms of blocks or other articles can be made with the same apparatus or appliances;
or the ends of the said containers may be interchangeable, or filling pieces provided.
When slabs and like articles are made I form several at once.
I prefer that air ways should be formed in the die, core, container, or any of them to
allow of the escape of air during the charging of the machine and the compression
of the material. I also prefer that the plunger should be wedge shaped.
In some cases I turn a jet of steam into the mould before the material for each
block or other article is filled in; this brings a skin of cement to the surface of the
blocks or other articles.
Apparatus or appliances constructed under my Invention may be operated by
hand or steam power, and may be stationary or movable.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by the
said John Carrington Sellars in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 25th Sep-
tember 1876.
JOHN CARRINGTON SELLARS, of Birkenhead, in the County of Chester, Manu-
facturing Chemist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR MOULDING
ARTIFICIAL STONE FOR BUILDING PURPOSES."
This Invention has for its object to provide apparatus or appliances in which
artificial stone, when in the semi-plastic condition, can be moulded into various
forms, such as hollow blocks, slabs, linings, jointings, and other shapes in stone
employed in building.
Apparatus or appliances constructed under my Invention consist essentially
of a stationary mould or container for holding the material to be moulded, and a
plunger operated by a screw or other suitable means for compressing and solidifying
the loose or semi-plastic material, constructed and operating in any ordinary or
convenient manner.
The following parts, however, specially adapted for the purposes desired, constitute
the novel features of my Invention:-
-
First. As means for rapidly filling the mould or container with the proper
quantity of material, I employ measuring boxes or jackets into which the said
material is filled in the form of the desired block or other article. The measuring
box and contents is then placed over the container, and the material allowed to
slide into the said container. In filling the said boxes different qualities of material
may be filled in to form the different sides of the blocks or other articles, or to
form linings to the blocks.

page_text: Second. As means for forming hollow blocks I employ a moving core, around
which the material to be moulded is filled. The said core sinks with the plunger
and remains at the bottom of the container whilst the finished block is being
removed. The said core may in some cases be allowed to remain stationary,
especially if it is perforated, to permit of the escape of air, a hollow plunger
being provided, or the said core may be drawn up within the said plunger.
Third. As incans for carrying away finished hollow blocks I form them on the
top of loose rings, which are ejected from the container with the blocks and serve
as stands on which to carry them. I prefer that the said rings should be of wood,
which may be fitted with a beaded metal ring.
Fourth. As means for ejecting finished hollow blocks I employ a pronged ejector,
which fits against the rings above mentioned and raises them out of the container
at the desired time.
•
Fifth. To prevent the plunger sticking to the block when formed I provide a
loose face or suction ring, free to fall a certain distance and allow the air to enter
whilst the plunger is being raised.
Sixth. As means for freeing the mould or container from any superfluous
material I fit the bottom with a grid on which the loose rings mentioned under
head three rest.
Seventh. As means for forming blocks with a surface of finer material than the
body I employ a duplex die one within the other, one die to make the outer skin
or ring, and the other the lining or inner ring of material. The press is operated
twice to produce one block.
Containers, cores, and dies are made interchangeable, so that several sizes and
forms of blocks or other articles can be made with the same apparatus or ap-
pliances; or the ends of the said containers may be interchangeable, or filling
pieces provided. When slabs and like articles are made I form several at once.
I prefer that air ways should be formed in the die, core, container, or any of
then to allow of the escape of air during the charging of the machine and the
compression of the material. I also prefer that the plunger should be wedge
shaped.
In some cases I turn a jet of
block or other article is filled in
blocks or other articles.
steam into the mould before the material for each
this brings a skin of cement to the surface of the
Apparatus or appliances constructed under my Invention may be operated by
hand, water, or steam power, and may be stationary or inovable.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a measuring box or jacket, illustrative of the
first part of my Invention. The material is filled into the space 1 surrounding the
core 2, formed preferably of wire, and contained by the sides 3. It will be
observed that the material is here shown in the form of a hollow block. The
containing case 3 of the box or jacket is now removed, and the core or wire
jacket 2 is slid into the container, hereafter described under Figs. 2, 3, and 4, and
compressed by a die.
Fig. 2 is a front view partly in section; Fig. 3 a side elevation partly in
section; and Fig. 4 a plan view partly in section, all of apparatus or appliances,
illustrative of the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth parts of my Invention.
Under the first part, 4 is a core free to move upwards and downwards on the
guides 5, and is balanced by the weights 6 passing over the pulley 7. The material
to be moulded is filled in the container 8 around the core 4, or the measuring
jacket 2, see Fig. 1, is placed with the surrounding material over the core 4 in
the said container. When the plunger 9 is forced downwards within the con-
tainer 8 by the screw and arms 10, the core 4 moves down with the said plunger,
and is retained in position by the catch 11 until the plunger has risen and the
finished block has been expelled. The catch 11 is then withdrawn and the

page_text: weights 6 then cause the core to rise into position for a second supply of material
to be filled in.
Under the third part, 12 is a loose ring on which the material to be moulded
rests; the said ring is ejected from the container with the moulded block and serves
as a stand on which to carry it. The said ring may be beaded or grooved so as to
form interlocking blocks if desired.
Under the fourth part, 13 are pronged ejectors secured on the plate 14; 15 are
balance weights; 16 guide rods; 17 spring hooks which catch over the cross-
head 18 of the plunger when down. When the plunger and cross-head is raised
the catches 17, guide rods 16, plate 14, and prongs 13 are caused to rise and eject
the ring 12 and with it the moulded block. The hooks are released, and the
pronged ejectors 13 lowered after the finished block has been removed.
Under the fifth part, 19 is a loose or suction piece fitting around the head of
the plunger, which is free to fall a certain distance on the pins 20 when the
plunger is rising, so as to allow air to get to the top surface of the moulded block
and prevent sticking.
Under the sixth part, 21 is a grid which forms the bottom of the container,
through which the pronged ejectors pass, and on which the loose rings 12 rest,
the grid serves as means through which surplus material in the container may be
removed.
Fig. 5 a side elevation, Fig. 6 an end elevation, and Fig, 7 a plan view, all
partly in section of part of a press, illustrative of the seventh part of my Invention.
Here the core 22 is provided with a jacket 23, and the die 24 with a jacket 25.
During the first descent of the dic to make the exterior surface of fine material
the jackets 23, 25, are in their places, when the fine material has been moulded
the jackets 23, 25, are removed, and coarse material filled in, and the die caused
to descend a second time and finish the block. The sides of the jackets are shown
perforated to allow of the escape of air during compression. If desired, only one or.
more sides may be jacketed so as to obtain blocks with fine material on one or
more sides. 26 is a steam jet which can be turned. on the surface of the mould
before the material is filled in, so as to obtain a smoother surface.
Fig. 8 is a side elevation, Fig. 9 an end view, and Fig. 10 a plan, partly in
section, all of apparatus or appliances adapted for moulding slabs. Here the
principal parts are similar to those described in Figs. 2, 3, and 4, except that it is
adapted to form four slabs instead of one hollow block. 27 are wires fitted
into the loose rings, so as to support the slabs whilst being ejected, or the spaces
between the slabs may be filled with wet sand, or similar means employed.
Fig. 11 shows a mould to be employed in the production of junction pieces
similar to the appliances for producing slabs, except that the end of the junction
and end pieces are formed vee shaped.
Figs. 12 and 13 are views of apparatus or appliances for forming copings.
Fig. 14 shows a mould for making segmental blocks.
Figs. 15 and 16 show apparatus or appliances for producing cornices.
It will be obvious that various arrangements of apparatus or appliances and
shapes of blocks, slabs, and moulded material may be produced without departing
from my Invention.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention in such manner that
others will be enabled to carry my improvements into effect, I claim-
Under the first part. The measuring boxes or jackets, substantially as illustrated
and described for the purpose set forth.
Under the second part. The moving core, constructed and operating substantially
in the manner and for the purposes set forth.
..
Under the third part. The loose rings for the purposes set forth.
Under the fourth part. The arrangement and operation of the pronged ejectors,
substantially as described and illustrated for the purposes set forth.
Under the fifth part. The suction ring or piece, arranged and operating sub-
stantially as described and illustrated for the purpose set forth.

page_text: Under the sixth part. The use of a grid with apparatus constructed substantially
as above described for the purpose set forth.
Under the seventh part. Employing a duplex die, arranged and operating sub-
stantially as described and illustrated for the purposes set forth.
The general construction, arrangement, and combination of parts, for the purposes
set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Carrington Sellars, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Twenty-first day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
J. JOHNSON,
Patent Office,
Clayton Square,
Liverpool.
JNO. C. SELLARS. (L.S.)