Improvements in Shoes for Horses and like Animals.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Dec., 1893-Accepted, 3rd Mar., 1894
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Shoes for Horses and like Animals.
I, JOSEPH GARNETT c/o Charles Garnett of 22 Mayfield Road, Whalley Range,
Manchester, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention has reference to horse and similar shoes and consists in making
such shoes with hollow or grooved portions, either continuous or intermittent, for
the insertion and retention of india-rubber or other suitable material so as to render
the shoes less liable to slip and less jarring to the horses' feet, and my invention also
consists in forming such hollowed out or grooved shoes with reduced portions on
their outside or inside edges to enable the shoes to be nailed on at such reduced
portions and so permit of smaller nails being used than heretofore which can be so
disposed out of the line of wear as to increase their holding power, be less damaging
to the foot, reduce the risk of pricking or laming the horse and avoid the unsightly
protruding of the "clinch."
A further object of my invention is so to manufacture the shoes that they shall
be lighter in weight than heretofore and more adapted to the tread and bearing of
the animal-and requirements of the foot. These improved shoes are, by preference
formed solid (in one piece) by casting, pressing, rolling, stamping or forging from
any suitable iron,. steel composition or material and made as nearly ready as
possible for nailing on for all classes of horses or similar animals and for all kinds
of work, such shoes being so made that they can be altered in shape and fitted hot
when desired.
And in order that my said invention shall be the more readily understood and
carried into practical effect I have hereunto annexed three sheets of drawings and
will now proceed to describe the same with the assistance of the various figures
and letters of reference marked thereon.
Referring to Sheet 1 of the drawings, Fig. 1 illustrates a near hind light horse
shoe which is formed with a groove extending all round the shoe from heel to heel.
This groove is designed to receive and hold the rubber or other suitable filling (A)
and for this purpose is, by preference, formed dovetail shape in cross section. This
shoe is formed with reduced portions for the nail holes at (B) such reduced portions
being formed at intervals or intermittently along the outside edge of the shoe as
illustrated. This shoe also is formed with level bearing surfaces (C), (C) the sides
of which are bevelled off to the foot side of the shoe.
Fig. 2 illustrates a near front shoe formed with a continuous dovetail groove to
receive the filling (D) the shoe in this case being formed with the continuous
reduced portions (E) for the nail holes instead of the intermittent reduced portions
as in the previous figure. This shoe is likewise formed with the continuous level
bearing surfaces (F) and with sloping or bevelled sides.
Fig. 3 illustrates a transverse section of Fig. 1 and 2 on lines a-b and c—d
respectively, this view shewing more clearly the dovetail shape of the groove and
the reduced portions for the nail holes.
Figs. 4 and 5 illustrate side and front views respectively of a round or "bar"
shoe formed with a continuous dovetail groove to hold the filling (G) and with
continuous reduced portions (H) for the nail holes. The bearing surface of this
shoe is continuous as illustrated and is preferably arched as is seen more clearly
in Fig. 4 to suit lame horses or those requiring a "rolling" shoe.

page_text: Figs. 6 and 7 illustrate a near front shoe (Fig. 7 shewing the shoe from the foot
side) with three or more clips (1), (I), (I) for helping to secure the shoe to the foot
and thereby reduce the number of nails required.
Referring now to Sheet 2 of the drawings, Fig. 8 illustrates a near front shoe
with dovetail grooved heels (J), (J) and dovetail grooved toe (K) for the insertion
of rubber or other suitable material. The reduced portions for the nail holes are
formed at (L), (L). This shoe is formed with studs or projections (M) between
each heel and the toe to afford a better hold on set pavements.
Fig. 9 illustrates a similar shoe to that shewn in Fig. 8 with hollow or dovetail
heels (N), (N) and hollow or dovetail grooved toe (0), with reduced
portions (P), (P) for the nail holes and with continuous ribs (Q), (Q) between the
heel and toe instead of the studs or, projections shewn in Fig. 8.
Fig. 10 illustrates a near front shoe with dovetail grooved toe (R) and dovetail
grooved heels (S), (S), with reduced portions (T), (T) for the nail holes and with
hollow or dovetail grooved studs or projections (U), (U) on the quarters. The
grooved portions of these shoes are either filled with rubber or other suitable
material or left empty at the option of the owner.
In another modification which I have not shewn but which can be readily
understood dispense with the ribs or projections shewn in Figs. 8, 9 and 10°
leaving the shoe to rest upon the toe and heels only. It should be observed that
in these latter modifications the heels extend much further along the foot than the
calks or heels of ordinary shoes.
Referring now to Sheet 3, Fig. 11 illustrates à front view of a shoe similar to
that shewn in Figs. 6 and 7, the outer edge being reduced at (V), (V), (V) for the
nail holes and said shoe being provided with a dovetail groove for the rubber or
other filling (W).
Figs. 12 and 13 represent transverse sections of this shoe taken on lines e-f
and respectively. This shoe is a modified form of "Charlier " shoe so far as
the wall of the hoof goes, that is with the outer portion of the shoe sunk down
all round on to the wall of the hoof and the inner portion lying near the sole of
the foot.
Figs. 14 and 15 illustrate another modified form of "Charlier" shoe with
dovetail groove for the rubber or other filling (X) and reduced portions (Y) for
the nail holes, the sunk portion in this case being at the toe only, gradually
diminishing towards the quarters and coming level at the heels as shewn more
clearly in dotted lines in Fig. 15.
"
Fig. 16 illustrates another form of round or bar shoe for feet with " "dropped
soles having more cover and showing the toe and quarters hollowed or dished
(see Fig. 17) to allow more freedom from pressure on the sole than when "seated
in the ordinary way. The groove on this shoe (see side section Fig. 17) is not so
deep as in the previous modification and is different in cross section so as to allow
the rubber or other filling to stand higher for further reducing concussion and
rendering this class of shoe more adapted to the requirements of the foot. This
form of groove is not confined exclusively to this particular shoe but can be applied
to other shoes although rather intended for those wearing lightly. The cross'
section shewn in Fig. 18 shows how the shoe is hollowed or dished at the highest
part of the shoe. It will be understood that this hollowing or dishing will be in a
greater or lesser degree according to the requirements of the foot and according as
the sole is more or less sunk. The shoe is formed with the continuous reduced
portions for the nail holes at (Z).
Fig. 19 illustrates a near front shoe with the groove formed zig-zag or wavy, the
cross section of the groove being by preference similar to that shewn in Figs. 17
and 18. This wavy or zig-zag form of groove is applicable to all the shoes
hereinbefore mentioned.
When holding up the nail head in the act of clinching, which is commonly done
by bearing on the nail with the closed head of the pincers a difficulty will be

page_text: "
recesses.
experienced in the confined spaces shown in some of the "intermittent
into which the head of the pincers could not be got. To meet such cases I form a
half round blunt end on one handle of the pincers as seen in Fig. 20 and.which can
be readily got into most confined spaces to hold up the head.
In all the modifications it will be obvious that the continuous reduced portions
for the nail holes may be generally substituted for the small recessed portions and
vice-versa, and that such reduced portions, whether continuous or otherwise, may be
either on the outside or inside edges of the shoe, or continued round the toe of the
shoe. In lieu of a single stud or projection between the toe and heels a series of
studs or projections, either solid or hollow, may be formed, thereby increasing the
grip of the shoe on the ground.
In practise may effect the dovetail shaping of the groove in the manner
aforesaid or I may effect such shaping by forming the groove with straight sides
and then closing same, thus forming the dovetail. In some cases I may leave the
sides of the groove straight instead of dovetail, especially in cases for shoes that
may be left without the filling. And it will be obvious that the modified form of
"Charlier "shoe will be applicable to all the shoes and can be applied to feet that
are already or may be sunk for the "Charlier "system of shoeing.
The improved shoes will be comparatively noiseless and will be of great service
on asphalt or wood pavements to prevent slipping, especially in frosty weather and
on hard granite pavements will assist in preventing jar or concussion to the feet and
legs of the horse.
In the case of rubber being used for filling the grooves the same may either be
fixed in by hand or may be vulcanised in position. If the shoes require to be
altered in form or are fitted hot it will be obvious that the rubber must be placed.
in after fitting.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I wish it to be understood
that I do not confine myself to the precise form or proportions of my improved
shoes, nor to the precise form of groove or exact form of dovetail as the same may
be varied to suit the class of horse or animal and kind of work for which the shoe
is intended. The toes, heels, studs or ribs may also be made higher or lower,.
broader or narrower according to the tread or wear of the animal and requirements
of the foot and what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is―
1st. The manufacture of horse and other similar shoes from the materials.
aforesaid and in the manner described, with reduced portions for the nail holes,
either continuous or intermittent, with straight sided, or dovetail or equivalent
shaped groove or grooved portions for the insertion and retention of rubber or
other suitable filling material substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated
on the accompanying drawing.
2nd. In the manufacture of horse and other similar shoes, whether in accordance
with my invention as mentioned in the previous claim or otherwise, the inner
portion of the web of shoe formed to lie near the sole of the foot and the outer
portion sunk down, either all round onto the wall of the hoof or at the toe only,
gradually diminishing towards the quarters and coming level at the heels
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated on the accompanying
drawings.
3rd. The manufacture of horse and other similar shoes with reduced portions.
for the nail holes and with wavy, zig-zag or similar groove (see Fig. 19) for the
insertion of rubber or other suitable filling material substantially as set forth and
illustrated.
4th. The manufacture of bar shoes for dropped sole of the form and cross
section shewn in Figs. 16. 17. and 18 and provided with the rubber or other suitable
filling substantially as hereinbefore described.
5th. The manufacture of horse and similar shoes with reduced portions for the

page_text: nail holes and with grooved toes and heels, and solid studs or ribs on or along the
quarters, or grooved studs and solid heels substantially as set forth and illustrated.
Dated this 4th day of December 1893.
JOHN G. WILSON & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.