matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MAnufacture OP BRICKS, TILES, QUARRIES, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lambert Tobbutt and
Arthur Wade at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 25th September 1875.
We, JOHN LAMBERT TEBBUTT, of Balsall Heath, in the County of
Worcester, Venetian Blind Manufacturer, and ARTHUR WADE, of
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Stockbroker, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MAnufacture
OP BRICKS, TILES, QUARRIES, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
-
Our Invention consists in manufacturing bricks, tiles, quarries, and
other like articles from the composition or compositions, and in the
manner herein-after described, whereby hard and dense bricks and other
like articles are produced ready for use without the ordinary burning
process.

page_text: of size, alum, and rock salt.
In place of the cement in the before described compositions broken 1
bricks, old mortar, waste stone, and other like carthy matters may be
employed.
When the materials consist mainly of silicious matter they may be
conveniently reduced to powder by calcining.
We mix the ingredients of the composition described, and make them 1
into a plastic mass in the following way:-We place the ashes or
cinders, marle, sand, lime, and cement in an ordinary mortar mill, by
the action of which mill the materials are crushed into powder and
thoroughly incorporated. We effect the crushing and mixing together
of the materials by preference in a dry state. The materials having 2
been thoroughly broken up into a powder and mixed we add tho
solution of alum, rock salt, and size to give cohesion to the powdered
materials, and by the further action of the mill the composition is made
into a plastic mass. During the mixing of the materials in the mill wo
introduce mineral or earthy colouring matter for giving a red or other 2
desired colour to the composition. As soon as the mixing of the materials
has been perfected we remove the plastic mass from the mill as quickly
as possible, and mould it into bricks or other like articles in the same
way as ordinary bricks and like articles are moulded. At the same time
that the bricks or articles are removed from the moulds we compress the 3
moulded bricks or articles so as to consolidate them. The bricks or
articles are next exposed to the air for about 24 hours, and are afterwards
placed in a hot air stove, in which they are gradually heated for about
24 hours. The bricks and articles aro thus finished and ready for uso.
The cohesion of the particles of the bricks and articles thus made is
very
perfect, and the said bricks and articles are very dense and hard.
3

page_text: Although we have found the proportions of the materials described
to answer well in practice, yet we do not limit ourselves thereto, as
other proportions within certain limits may be used with satisfactory
results.
In addition to bricks, tiles, and quarries our Invention may be applied
to the manufacture of other like articles usually made of clay, such as
building blocks and drain and other pipes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CLOTH
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Charles Henderson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 1st June 1875.-A communication from abroad by Bartholemy
Picard and Madame Sosthénée Cheynet, both residing in the City
of Paris, in the Republic of France.
I, ARTHUR CHARLES HENDERSON, of No. 6, Southampton Buildings,
Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF CLOTH," a communication to me 'from abroad by Barthelemy Picard
and Madame Sosthénée Cheynet, both residents of the City of Paris, in
the Republic of France, to be as follows:-
-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of a particular kind of
cloth suitable for wearing apparel, and consists of a combination of
matters or a partial substitution of those generally employed in the
ordinary manufacture of cloth.
The substance used and its mode of admixture is as follows:- I
employ swan's down, which is previously carded and spun into yarns or
threads, and then dyed in accordance with the nature of its application;

page_text: I then work it up with a warp of wool, cotton, or other matter, and a
weft of down; or I make use of a warp of down and a weft of wool,
cotton, hemp, silk, or other matter.
The dyeing of the yarn for the warp is effected either in the hank or
chain, and the warping, sizining, dressing, and beaming done afterwards;
or the warping, dressing, and beaming may be the first operation, and
the dyeing the succeeding one.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER CARTS OR WAGGONS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS MAY BE USED FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Hodson Bayley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st April 1875.
I, EDWARD HODSON BAYLEY, of 42, Newington Causeway, in the
Borough of Southwark, in the County of Surrey, Wheelwright and
Contractor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER CARTS OR WAGGONS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS MAY BE USED
FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The method now adopted in watering the roads is to connect the cart
or van with two horizontal distributing pipes by means of a short curved
branch pipe in the centre of the said distributing pipes. The plan is
defective, inasmuch as the water is supplied in greater quantity where it
is least required, namely, at the centre of the watering. The pipe being
at a wrong curve induces friction, and its shortness allows the varying
height of the water in the cart to be most prejudicial to the constant
and uniform flow of water. The width of the watering is small and

page_text: supplied by the other branch pipe. Valves being placed in the tank, one
to each branch pipe, enable one half of the distributing pipe to be in
action at one time, if the narrowness of the roadway renders this
advisable, thus saving water and suiting the spread to the width to be
watered.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO FACILITATE THE DELIVERY FROM CYLINDER PRINTING MACHINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Richard, John Miller
Richard, and Walter Miller Richard at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 15th June 1875.
We, WALTER RICHARD, JOHN MILLER RICHARD, and WALTER
MILLER RICHARD, of the Firm of Miller and Richard, and all of
Edinburgh, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO FACILITATE THE DELIVERY FROM CYLINDER
PRINTING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
"
The object of the Invention is to facilitate the "delivery or" flying"
of the sheets of paper after they have been printed in cylinder printing
machines, without necessitating the use of tapes.
An arrangement of parts, according to the Invention, is as follows:-
The sheet to be printed having been laid on the feeding board and
caught by the cylinder grippers the type bed with the type commences
its movement towards the back end of the machine, and in doing so it
turns the impression cylinder, which carries round the sheet with it and
brings it into contact with the type for printing. By a farther revolution

page_text: of the cylinder and flyer shaft india-rubber covered rollers come into
contact with the cylinder pressing the sheet against it; the cylinder
grippers then let go the sheet and flyer grippers take hold of it, carrying
it round with them and away from the cylinder till their revolution is
completed; the type bed now commences its return travel towards the
front end of the machine, and in doing so it also reverses the direction
in which the cylinder wheel is turned, causing the wicket to be brought
round behind the now printed sheet, carrying it round and laying it with
its printed side upwards on the delivery board, the grippers as yet
retaining their hold of the front end of the sheet. In this position a
pawl within a catch box on the wicket shaft falls into the notch of a
pinion, and as the wicket rises the pawl turns the said pinion and also
a quadrant affixed on the gripper shaft and opens the grippers, when the
end of the sheet falls on the delivery board.
The flyer grippers are closed upon the india-rubber covered rollers by
flat steel springs coiled round the gripper and wicket shafts, and they
are opened as already stated by a pawl falling into the notch of a pinion,
and thus by the rising of the wicket causing the grippers to open. They
are also held open by this means till by the revolution of the flyer shaft
they are brought round to a position in which the projecting end of the
pawl is brought against a stud and disengages it from the notch of the
said pinion, allowing the springs to close the grippers.
· The delivery board receives an oscillating motion to bring it to the
wicket and grippers when the sheet is being delivered, and then to cause
it to recede backwards to allow the wicket and grippers to
pass. This
delivery board is furnished with a guide board which is movcable to
adapt it to various sizes of paper. When the sheets are delivered by
the wicket their edges fall against this board, and are thereby kept even
one with another.
IMPROVED MEANS AND APPLIANCES FOR FACILITATING SKATING BY ROLLER SKATES IN THE OPEN AI
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Seymour Rouse at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st April 1875.
I, EDWARD SEYMOUR ROUSE, of Balham House, Balham Hill, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED MEANS AND APPLIANCES FOR FACILITATING SKATING BY ROLLER SKATES
IN THE OPEN AI," to be as follows :—
The object of my Invention is to provide suitable means and
appliances by which roller skates can be used in the open air, and for
this purpose I arrange upon or within a square or other shaped piece of
land, curved or other shaped avenues, groves, or passages, and in some
cases open lake or pond-like areas surrounded with trees, islands,
pavilions, grottoes, seats (rustic and others), refreshment booths or tents,
also with back or side landscape pieces on canvas, the whole being
interspersed with statuary devices, lamps, and other articles of artistic
design, the pond-like area, avenues, or passages being so arranged and
preferably on a lower level than the other parts, that a full view of the
skaters can be had-if desired.

page_text: The area, avenues, or passages I prepare with an asphalte, a cement,
or other flooring upon which roller skates can be run with freedom, and
over which skaters can perform curvilinear and other movements for
amusement or for exercise as in the ordinary way of skating upon ice.
I do not restrict myself to any particular form or shape of the lake or
pond-like open piece of land, nor to the number of avenues, groves,
passages, or inlets, leading to, from, or around it, nor to any arrangement
of fixing partitions or screens of foliage or evergreens for changing the
character or the diversity of the scene, as these may be varied to suit the
desire or taste, or to suit the locality in which my skating surfaces for :
roller skating can be laid.
The surfaces of the asphalte or cement bodies can be so prepared as to
look like real water and used either as a skating ground in a public park
or gardens, or as an adjunct to a nobleman's or gentleman's mansion for
outdoor pastime and amusement.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SCOURING OR WASHING WOOL OR OTHER FIBRES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Morrall, George Merrall,
and Edwin Robinson Merrall at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 16th July 1875
WO, MICHAEL MERRALL, GEORGE MERRALL, and EDWIN ROBINSON
MERRALL, of Lees and Ebor Mills, Haworth, near Keighley, in the
County of York, Spinners and Manufacturers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR SCOURING OR WASHING WOOL OR OTHER FIBRES," to be as follows, that is
to say:
Our Invention relates to that part of scouring and washing machines,
which is used to lift and deliver the wood or other fibres from the
trough or bowl to the compressing rollers. For this purpose we
construct our apparatus with two inclined metal frames, which are
bolted to the inner sides of the trough or bowl, and are securely kept
together by means of stays made by preference of brass; the bottom
parts of these frames fit on a partition fitted in the bottom of the trough
or bowl, forming a chamber for catching the liquor from the rollers and
collect the dirt. In the partition is fitted a trap hung on hinges for the

page_text: purpose of removing the wool, fibres, and suds from the chamber, and
on the sides of the partition are fitted pockets to keep the suds level in
the chamber and trough or bowl, and prevent them lifting up the
openings of the lifting inclined flat bars herein-after described.
In the top and bottom parts of the inclined frames are fitted shafts
having chain pulleys fixed on them, and over which work endless chains;
on these chains are fitted at suitable distances bearers in which work
brass or metal levers having tongues or projecting pieces formed thereon;
these tongues travel with the endless chains and work up openings formed
by spaces left between inclined metal flat bars, which are fitted on the
top of a bearer fixed on the top of the inclined frames, and on the top.
of the partition; these flat-bars-form the incline for carrying the wool or
fibres to the compressing rollers, which is effected by the wool or fibres
catching on the travelling projecting tongues working up the inclined
openings. When the metal levers with the tongues arrive at the top
of the inclined flat bars the tongues pass through openings formed on
the bearer carrying the flat bars, and the metal levers fall down on
guides fitted underneath the chain pulleys, and on which the metal
lovers travel until brought round two other guides fitted on the top of
the chain pulleys, bringing the tongues through the openmgs loft
between the flat bars, and keeping them projecting in the up travel.
The endless chains are driven by a pulley and belt, the pulley being
fixed on the top chain pulley shaft.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN FLOWER POTS, VASES, SEED PANS, AND FERM STANDS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Martin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
December 1875..
I, JAMES MARTIN, of Crown Street, Reading, in the County of Berks,
Gardener, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN FLOWER POTS, VASES, SEED PANS, AND FERM STANDS," to be as
follows:-
t
This Invention relates to an improved construction of vessel in which
plants of various kinds are intended to be grown. The form of this
vessel will be modified to suit various kinds of plants, but in all cases
the same principle of construction will be retained.
Supposing the Invention to be applied for example in the con-
struction of a common flower pot for nurserymen's use, instead of the
bottom of the pot being made flat with a central hole for drainage I
form it with a central hollow truncated cone, and I thus obtain in the
bottom of the pot an annular receptacle for water with an overflow that
will prevent the earth from becoming unduly saturated.
1st. That the water applied to the plant contained therein is unable

page_text: to
escape from the pot without coming in contact with the roots of the
plant.
2nd. That the roots instead of forcing their way through the bottom
of the pot naturally grow down into the moisture.
.
3rd. That the hole in the bottom of the pot being raised from the
ground worms are unable to crawl in and damage the plant. For
delicate rooted plants the pot is made in precisely the same form, except
the cone is perforated near the bottom so that the amount of moisture
retained is less.
s
When applying the Invention to seed pans and fern stands, the 1
bottom may have two or more hollow elevations (conical or otherwise)
for drainage.
It will be understood that the reservoir for the water will be filled
with crocks to prevent the earth falling to the bottom of the pot, and
the opening in the cone or elevated portion of the bottom will be 1
covered by a crock.
The material employed for making my improved pots, pans, and fern
.stands is subjected to compression in order that it may not rob the soil
of the salts which should be absorbed by the plant.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HINGES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Larard at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
December 1875.
I, FREDERICK LARARD, of Brixton, in the County of Surrey, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HINGES," to be as follows :-
My Invention relates chiefly to an improvement in spring hinges
consisting in the application of a spiral or helical spring placed upon
the hinge pin, and bearing with its extremities against the plates of the
hinge. For this purpose a space is provided between the knuckles for
the recoption of the spring which lies snugly therein, and is retained in
place by the hinge pin without any other fastening whatever. The
spring acts by torsion, and in applying it to the hinge it has an extra
twist given to it to obtain the necessary power. The hinge can be
provided with one, two, or more springs as may be required. The
spring (or springs) can also be secured on the hinge pin so as to give
the power in the direction required.

page_text: My Invention also relates to a double spring hinge consisting of a
central plate, to either edge of which other plates are knuckle jointed
and provided with springs as above described.
This form of hinge is especially adapted for show case and other doors,
a pair of the double hinges serving for two doors hinged to the same
stile and opening in reverse directions. This double form of hinge may
also be used without springs if preferred.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE AND APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING GAS STOVES WITH GAS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Anthony Gapper Southby at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 3rd April 1875.
I, ANTHONY GAPPER SOUTHBY, of 23, Abingdon Street, Westminster,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE AND APPARATUS FOR
SUPPLYING GAS STOVES WITH GAS," to be as follows:-
I connect gas stoves with the burner nibs used in gas lighting by
means of a cast bent or elbowed hook shaped pipe made of some stiff
impervious material, with one arm a little longer than the other.
I make the hook pipe of about the size of the ordinary burner nibs,
and I bring the two arms of the hook close enough together to pass
freely through the opening ordinarily left at the bottom of gas globes
for the admission of air. I fasten to the shorter arm of the hook a
piece of elastic pipe projecting beyond it about one half an inch, and this
elastic pipe I make of a size to ship over the burner nib sufficiently tight
to prevent escape of gas.

page_text: I sometimes make the elastic pipe slightly conical, or I cut the lower
edge bevelling inwards.
I attach flexible pipe to the gas stove and to the longer arm, which I
prefer to make about two inches longer than the shorter arm of the
hook. By passing the hook up into the gas globe and bringing the 5
elastic pipe down over the burner nib I am able to connect the stove
with the ordinary gas lighting burner without removing the globe.
AN IMPROVED FILTERING RESERVOIR
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Morgan-Brown at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th December 1875.-A communication from abroad by François
Midoz, and François Chanoit, of 40, Rue du Bac, Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM MORGAN-BROWN, of the Firm of Brandon and Morgan-
Brown, Engineers and Patent Agents, of 38, Southampton Buildings,
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED FILTERING RESERVOIR," to be as follows:-
This improved filtering reservoir consists in a case wherein at a short
distance from the bottom an appropriate filtering medium is inserted,
and above the same a space is reserved which acts like an air vessel, the
water is introduced by a pipe from below, and traversing the filtering
medium enters the upper chamber, gradually compressing the air therein
contained, and from which it is withdrawn as required by means of a
pipe; the lower chamber situated below the filter can be cleansed of the.
matter separated from the water or other liquid filtered by means of a
pipe provided with a cock.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS AND SUNSHADES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Belcher at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with lus Petition, on the 3rd August
1875.
I, HENRY BELCHER, of 3, New Grove Road, Fulham, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do licreby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS AND
SUNSHADES," to be as follows
-
This Invention for improvements in umbrellas and sunshades, consists
in causing the ends of the ribs of umbrellas and sunshades to be
gradually flattened at their ends, which are to be fixed in a lastening
hereafter described, according to length of rib or size of umbrella or
sunshade required, and the remaining part of the rib to be of the
same shape as those now generally in use, the top surface (that is,
the surface of the rib the cover will rest on when finished) of the said
part of rb to be rounded somewhat of a convex shape, the other or
oposite side of the said part of rib to be flat, and the end of the said
flattened part of rib to bo turned up at right angles or any obtuse
angle.

page_text: The said flattened end is to be tempered to allow the ribs at their ends
to have a spring action, and to be fixed firmly in a fastening at the end
hereafter described, in place of the top notch and joint now generally in
usc. The improvement in the said ribs described herein is that they
cause the umbrella or sunshade when closed to be smaller at the end
where the ribs are fixed and will not cut or wear the covering, the ribs
being firmly fixed in the fastening will be prevented from getting out of
working order, and the ribs are in no way possible of getting interlocked
in each other or entangled with the stretchers, as is now frequently
occurring with the ribs now in use. Therefore the umbrella or sunshado
will last much longer and have a thinner and lighter appearance than
those that are now generally in use and work in a top notch. The
fastening for the above ribs will be made in the following manner, or
any mere modification thereof best suited for the purpose, and to be of a
tubular shape, the inside of the said tube to be grooved or channeled to
the required number of ribs that are to be used in the umbrella or
sunshade, each groove or channel to have near the end a hole through
the thickness of the metal or other substance for the angle end of the
rib to fit in the said hole.
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPLICATION OF Boss WITH STOP VALVE FOR OPENING AND CLOSING THE SUPPLY UPON THE APPLICATION OR REMOVAL OF A TAP
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William John Tillyer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd November 1875.
I, WILLIAM JOHN TILLYER, of No. 1, Lansdown Street, Southsea, in
the County of Hampshire, Brass Finisher, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED APPLICATION OF Boss WITH
STOP VALVE FOR OPENING AND CLOSING THE SUPPLY UPON THE APPLICATION OR
REMOVAL OF A TAP," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to obviate the great inconvenience
attending the renewal of taps consequent upon the necessity in nearly
every case of shutting off the supply not only at the point where a tap
is to be removed but at many points. Stop-cocks are it is true placed
at various points of the piping, but these stop-cocks mostly shut off the
supply to more than one tap.
I propose to interpose a boss with stop valve immediately between the
end of the pipe and the tap, this boss with valve being so made that it
may be screwed into or soldered to the pipe by one end, and that the
tap may be screwed into it at the other, the screwing in of the tap

page_text: causing the opening of the valve within the boss, and the unscrewing of
the tap permitting it to close.
I make my boss preferably in two parts, so that the part containing
the valve may be removed to prevent injury to the valve while the other
part is being soldered to the pipe, if a lead pipe. The seat of my valve 5
will then be formed by the top of the screw by which the valve piece is
fitted to the other part of the boss, a washer of leather or other suitable
material being placed between the head of the valve rod and the seat.
Inside this valve piece is a spiral or other spring surrounding the
valve rod or stem, and pressing by one end against the inner end of the 1
valve piece, and by the other end against the bottom of the valve rod.
Thus when the tap is screwed into this piece its end pressing against
the end of the valve rod compresses the spring and drives the head of
the rod into the other part of the boss, thus opening the valve; whereas,
when the action is reversed, that is to say, when the tap is unscrewed 1
for removal, the spiral spring draws back the valve rod and closes the
valve, and the greater the pressure of the water or other liquid, gas, or
steam upon the head of the valve rod the more it will become embedded
in the washer, so that no leakage will be possible.
I propose to make my boss and stop valve of any suitable metal or 2
material, and to use any kind of spring or springs which I may find
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND MANUFACTURE OF RUNNERS AND TOP NOTCHES FOR UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Warwick at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
October 1875.
I, THOMAS WARWICK, of Aston, near Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Umbrella and Parasol Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND
MANUFACTURE OF RUNNERS AND TOP NOTCHES FOR UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS," to
be as follows:-
According to one of my improvements I construct and manufacture
the notch ring, which when fixed on one end of a short tube constitutes
a top notch, and when fixed on one end of a longer tube constitutes a
runner notch in the following manner:-I cut out from sheet metal a
disc of a circular figure, but notched or indented all round with a series
of nearly semicircular notches. By dies and pressure the edge of the
disc is turned up, the inner ends of the branches formed by the
indentations being doubled inwards upon the central portion, and the
outer ends of the said branches being bent outwards. By now cutting
out the central flat portion of the metal, there is left a notched and

page_text: grooved ring similar to the ring of a top notch or runner notch as
ordinarily made, excepting that the notches do not extend to the whole
of the lower flange of the ring, that is, the flange towards which the
stretchers are pressed when the umbrella or parasol is open. This
limitation of the notches to the upper flange and groove and upper side
of the lower flange has the advantage that if the joint wire breaks
the end of the stretcher still retains its place. The notch is connected
to the tube, by which it is made into a runner notch or top notch by
soldering.
According to another of my improvements I make the grooved ring
of the runner or top notch from wire drawn of a trough-like figure; this
wire being cut into suitable lengths, the trough-like pieces are bent into
rings, the concave side being outwards and their ends are brazed
together. The rings are soldered to the tubes and notched in the usual
way.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING CARBURETTED HYDROGEN GAS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Harry Whiteside Cook at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd April 1875.
I, HARRY WHITESIDE COOK, of Thurloe Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Barrister at Law, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING
CARBURETTED HYDROGEN GAS," to be as follows:-
The objects of this Invention are to economise the chemical ingredients
employed for the purification of gas, and to use them for this purpose in
such a manner that they will act more perfectly and effectually than
heretofore. To this end the purifying materials (say lime for instance)
are presented to the gas in such a manner that they will act energetically
on the gaseous impurities, and will offer continually fresh absorbing
surfaces.
In carrying out my Invention I form the purifying agent (say lime)
into solid blocks or cakes of any convenient size and thickness, and
place them in the gas purifier, in which I arrange a brush, scraper, or
other analogous device, in such a manner that by passing slowly over

page_text: the cakes or blocks it will brush or scrape off from the surface so much
of the lime as has taken up and combined with the gascous impurities,
so that a fresh surface of lime will be continually presented to the gas as
it flows through the purifier. Instead of the lime or other purifying agent
being moulded in a solid form (so that it may be brushed or scraped as
above mentioned) it may be finally pulverized and then supplied to the
purifiers in the form of a fine shower of dust, which as it floats in the
purifier will absorb from the passing volume of gas the impuritics
contained in the latter. The absorbing surfaces will thus be ever fresh
and the purifying substance will gradually settle to the bottom of the
apparatus, from whence it may be removed from time to time as may be
required, or by a mechanical arrangement the dust may be continually
swept out or carried out of the apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO TOILET LOOKING GLASSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Nicholson and George
Scovell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 5th July 1875.
We, WILLIAM NICHOLSON, of Brompton Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Upholsterer, and GEORGE SCOVELL, also of the Brompton
Road, in the County of Middlesex, Oil and Colourman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE
TO TOILET LOOKING GLASSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object to cover up or conceal from view the
unsightly backs of toilet looking glasses, and to render such backs
ornamental. This object is effected by covering the rough back of the
article with a picture or representation of natural objects painted, or
printed on, or otherwise transferred to a sheet or plate of glass, tin, or
other metal or suitable material, such as wood or papier maché. This
ornamental sheet or plate is secured in a rebate at the back of the frame
much in the same manner as the silvered glass is now secured in the
front part of its frame.

page_text: It is also proposed to effect the same object by using a prepared
fabric, such as japanned leather, American cloth, or other flexible
material, ornamented on its surface by painting thereon by hand, or by
printing thereon by lithography, or transferring thereto in any con-
venient and suitable manner a picture, or ornamental pattern, or design.
A fabric thus ornamented may be secured at the back of the glass by
means of an ornamental beading, so that the unsightly appearance of
the back of the toilet glass may be covered up or concealed from view.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF PRINTING SURFACES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas James West at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd June 1875.
I, THOMAS JAMES WEST, Photographer, 31, Lorrimore Square, London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE PRODUCTION OF PRINTING SURFACES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the following method of making a relief
block to be used as a printing surface:-I coat a glass plate, the surface
of which has previously been ground, with a solution of beeswax in
ether, and when this is dry I coat it with a solution of gelatine or
analogous substance, to which has been added glycerine & bichromate
of potash, tannin, or other hardening material. When dry I remove the
gelatine film thus formed and mount it on a plate of metal or glass in a
reversed position. Upon this surface I apply any writing or drawing
made in copying ink, using pressure to cause it to "set off," and this
film being inked with lithographic transfer ink, an impression is taken
on transfer paper, which impression is transferred to a zinc plate. The
image is now treated with asphalt and rosin, and the back & edges of
the plate coated with lac varnish. The plate is now engraved by being

page_text: held under a vessel containing diluted nitric, sulphuric, or other
corrosive acid, said vessel having a bottom all perforated with small
holes, above this bottom being a receiver for holding the etching fluid,
which is retained in the receiver by means of a stop-cock, that when
open allows it to fall in a fine shower, to the action of which the zinc
plate is subjected, and thus etched to any desired degree of depth. The
plate after being cleaned and mounted is now ready for yielding
impressions in the printing press.
held under a vessel containing diluted nitric, sulphuric, or other
corrosive acid, said vessel having a bottom all perforated with small
holes, above this bottom being a receiver for holding the etching fluid,
which is retained in the receiver by means of a stop-cock, that when
open allows it to fall in a fine shower, to the action of which the zinc
plate is subjected, and thus etched to any desired degree of depth. The
plate after being cleaned and mounted is now ready for yielding
impressions in the printing press.
I do not confine myself to drawings made by hand, but also use
transfers effected by the agency of photography.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Beattie and Robert Blair
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 1st January 1875.
We, ROBERT BEATTIE, Mechanic, and ROBERT BLAIR, Joiner, both
of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, in Ireland, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES," to
bé as follows:-
Our Invention relates to the production of the French vein or hem
stitch and other fancy work by the aid of a sewing machine, and consists
in the use of a plate carrying the needle arm and shuttle box, and
shifting them together in the forward and backward, as also lateral
directions, so as to produce the stitch or work required.
We effect the several shifts by means of cams placed upon a counter-
shaft which we drive by wheel cams and rollers instead of by gearing;
but we may drive it by gearing as ordinarily practised. We attach a
perforated plate to the shuttle box to support the cloth or fabric when
receiving the needle.
For the purpose of regulating the tension of the thread we employ a
bent or curved and slotted plate or bar swung from one end by a pin

page_text: on the needle box, and carrying at the opposite end a hook. through
which the thread is passed and operated upon by a pin on the needle bar
moving along the slot.
And in order to maintain the fold of the cloth or fabric in position
we make use of a rigid plate or band of the width of the required 5
fold, to which we attach, and which passes under the feed with the cloth
or fabric.
IMPROVE- KENTS IN HYDRAULIC MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Hilditch at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
November 1875.
I, HENRY HILDITOH, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford,
Joiner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
KENTS IN HYDRAULIC MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES," to be as follows :-
My Invention consists in constructing and arranging the parts of
hydraulic motive-power engines in the manner herein-after described,
whereby motive power is economically obtained from a descending
column of water.
In constructing a hydraulic motive-power engine according to my
Invention I arrange within a case a wheel having on its periphery a
series of divisions or boxes similar to those of an ordinary water wheel,
the said wheel working within the case as nearly water-tight as is com-
patible with the freedom of its motion.
The column of water by which the wheel is worked is divided into
four or other convenient number of small columns, according to the size

page_text: of the engine before it enters the case in which the wheel works. These
four small columns of water are delivered at four equidistant points on
the wheel, each delivery pipe delivering its stream of water in the
direction in which the wheel rotates, and consequently all conspiring to
turn the wheel in the same direction. The said small columns may
however be otherwise arranged when it is wished to be able to reverse
the direction of the motion of the wheel. At or near each point in the
case at which the small columns of water enter is a packing having for
its object to prevent the back action of the column of water entering at
that point upon the wheel. At these points, that is, at the points at
which the several columns of water enter is an outlet passage, by which
the water which has acted upon the wheel up to that point escapes.
The space between the periphery of the wheel and the case in which it
revolves is by the arrangement described kept filled with water escaping
at the points where the escape of the water is provided for, the water
thus filling the case having the pressure of the original column.
Slide or other valves are fixed at the top of each small column of
water for determining the amount of water entering the engine, and
these valves may be operated upon by a governor similar to that of a
steam engine for regulating the rate of working of the engine.
By the arrangements described the motive power is very economically
obtained from the original column of water.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SOLDERING IRONS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Job Wotton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th June
1875.
I, JOB WOTTON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Tool
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SOLDERING IRONS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
soldering irons, whereby the copper part of the soldering iron is
considerably diminished, and the cost of the soldering iron thereby
reduced. The soldering iron is readily heated, and when heated remains
for a long time in a sufficiently heated state for use.
In making a soldering iron according to my Invention I form at the
end of a metallic stem a head or enlarged part or mass of metal. I
prefer to give a globular figure to the said head or enlarged part, but
I do not limit myself to that figure. In the said head or enlarged part
of the soldering iron I form a socket or seat for receiving a small
separable copper bit or nose. The said socket or seat has an elliptical or
angular figure by preference, and the inner end of the copper soldering

page_text: bit or nose has a corresponding figure to fit in the said socket or seat.
The copper bit or nose is fixed in the head or enlarged part of the
soldering iron by a taper pin taking into a taper hole made in the said
bit or nose and across the head or enlarged part, but other means of
fastening the copper bit or nose to the head or enlarged part may be
adopted. When the copper bit or nose is fixed to the head by a taper
pin as described the said copper bit or nose when worn may be removed
by driving out the taper pin and replaced by a fresh one.
In preparing the soldering iron for use its copper nose or bit and
head or enlarged part, in which the said nose or bit is fixed are heated
in the nsual way of heating soldering irons. When the soldering iron is
in use the large mass of heated metal in which the copper nose or bit
is embedded gives out its heat to the copper nose or bit, and the said bit
or nose is thereby maintained in a fit state for use for a long time.
The metallic stem described is provided with the usual wooden handle
or grip part.
I prefer to make the stem and its head or enlarged part of iron by
casting, but the said stem and head may be made of wrought iron or
other metal by forging, or stamping, or otherwise.
AN IMPROVED KALEIDOSCOPE
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Cowper at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
April 1875.
I, RICHARD COWPER, of No. 3, The Residences, South Kensington
Museum, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED KALEIDOSCOPE," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a kalcidoscope with a polarising or
analysing eye piece that can be rotated, and having objects of selenite
or other substances of like properties placed in a cell at the opposite
end, the light entering the instrument being reflected at a suitable
angle.
The polarising or analysing eye piece consists of a Nicol's prism, a
tourmaline plate or a bundle of glass plates set at the polarising angle,
or other known apparatus for analysing or polarising light substantially
the same. The objects, which are best made of small thin sclenite plates
of various shapes and thicknesses, but which may be made of any
substance having a like effect on polarised light, are placed in a cell
formed of two circular plates of glass placed near together, the outer

page_text: plate of which should be of ground glass. The cell is either fixed or is
made capable of rotating independently of the body of the apparatus.
The light before entering the apparatus at the end remoto from the
cyc piece is reflected from a piece of blackened glass, a bundle of glass
plates, or other reflecting surface placed at the polarising angle with
respect to the axis of the instrument or light which has passed through
a Nicol's prism, or a tourmaline plate may be employed.
The advantage of this instrument consists in obtaining patterns of
pure natural colours, produced by the effect of the selenite plates on
the polarised light in place of the patterns of ordinary artificial colours, ]
hitherto obtained from colored articles placed in a kaleidoscope. Tho
colours may be changed by partially rotating the moveable eye piece or
the coll, in which case the pattern also changes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SELF-ACTING TEMPLES USED IN WEAVING
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Bury at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th February
1875.
I, SAMUEL BURY, of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF SELF-ACTING TEMPLES USED IN WEAVING," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction of that class of self-acting
temples used in power looms for weaving, which consist of a revolving
roller extending across the whole width of the piece, and provided with
a number of points or needles at or near each end for entering and
distending the selvage of the cloth.
The object of my Invention is to afford facility for lengthening or
shortening such temples to suit different widths of cloth, so that one
temple may be made to suit for all widths. The temples themselves I
make of two cylinders or shells provided with points or pins arranged in
the usual manner. The temple roller or shaft is made small enough in
diameter at each end to pass into the interior of the cylinders or shells,
which latter are kept in their relative positions (one at or near each end

page_text: of the temple roller or shaft) in the following manner:-The temple
roller or shaft is made larger in diameter for a certain distance in the
centre, and between this enlarged part and the cylinder or shell (which
forms the "temple") I place a tube or collar at each side of the required
width to keep the shells or temples the desired distance apart. These
collars or tubes may be made either all in one piece of the length
required, or they may be made in two or more lengths or sections, so
that by taking one or more of these sections from the inner side of the
cylinder or shell, and placing it on the temple roller or shaft outside
the shell, the latter is moved nearer to the centre so as to suit a
narrower width of cloth, and by using collars or tubes of various widths,
the temple may be expanded or contracted to any width of cloth
required.
.
Instead of using collars or tubes the temple roller or shaft may be
screwed, and the shells fixed in the required positions by means of nuts,
or the shells may be made adjustable on the roller or shaft in any other
suitable manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING TEMPLES FOR LOOMS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Wolstencroft at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th February 1875.
I, EDWARD WOLSTENCROFT, of Blakeley, near Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING TEMPLES FOR LOOMS," to
be as follows:-
My Invention consists,-
First. In the use of two conical rollers over which the selvage of the
cloth passes, and of a third conical roller covered by preference with
vulcanite or gutta percha, which is pressed down on to the cloth by a
regulating screw, and securely holds the selvage. Each selvage is held
by a similar set of three rollers, and the distance between the sets is
varied according to the width of the cloth by moving the boxes in which
the rollers revolve on a cross bar as usual.
Secondly. In the use of two or more spiked discs, each loose on a⚫
stud fixed in a box; the selvages are held by the spikes, and by
increasing the number of discs the length of selvage caught hold

page_text: of is increased; this arrangement is particularly suitable for heavy
cloths.
Thirdly. In the use of two or more rollers with annular grooves
between which the selvages of the cloth are secured; these grooves are
rounded at the edges to prevent injury to the cloth. In some cases it is
desirable to apply one or more rows of spikes on one or more of the
rollers.