NEW OR IMPROVED METHODS METHODS OP MANUFACTURING A CERTAIN METALLIC COMPOUND OR ALLOY
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Mushet, of Coleford, in the County of Glou-
cester, Metallurgist, for the Invention of "NEW OR IMPROVED METHODS OF
Sealed the 18th December 1859, and dated the 15th July 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Mushet at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
July 1859.
I, ROBERT MUSHET, of Coleford, in the County of Gloucester, Metallurgist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "NEW OR IMPROVED
METHODS OP MANUFACTURING A CERTAIN METALLIC COMPOUND OR ALLOY," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists of the methods herein-after explained of manufac-
turing a malleable alloy of tungsten and iron, the said methods consisting
essentially of puddling an alloy of tungsten and cast iron, so as to decarbonize
the cast iron, by which decarbonization the alloy is rendered malleable. I
puddle the alloy of tungsten and cast iron in an ordinary puddling furnace, and
in the manner in which cast iron is puddled into bar iron.
In carrying my Invention into effect, I prepare an alloy of tungsten aud cast
iron by smelting a mixture of wolfram and iron ore in an ordinary blast
furnace with charcoal, coke, or coal fuel. The alloy of tungsten and cast iron

page_text: But I do
thus obtained is tapped from the blast furnace bearth, and is run into pig beds
or into iron or other moulds, or the said alloy may be run at once into the
puddling furnace, and be therein puddled in the ordinary manner.
not limit myself to the use of an alloy of tungsten and cast iron thus prepared,
for the said alloy may be prepared by any convenient economical method or
process. I sometimes introduce ordinary cast iron into the puddling furnace
along with deoxydized wolfram, or along with the herein-before described
alloy of tungsten and cast iron, and having melted these substances together, I
puddle the alloy..by the ordinary puddling process. I sometimes introduce
ordinary cast iron into the puddling furnace, and having melted the said cast
iron, I throw deoxydized wolfram into the melted iron, stirring the said
deoxydized wolfram into the melted iron with the tool or paddle ordinarily
used by puddlers. I then proceed to puddle the alloy by the methods ordi-
narily practised in puddling cast iron into bar iron. I do not confine myself to
any particular proportions of tungsten and iron in the alloy, as the proportions
may be varied at pleasure. But I wish it to be understood that the larger the
relative quantity or proportion of tungsten in alloy with the iron, the denser
and harder will be the malleable puddled alloy of tungsten and iron, and by.
increasing or diminishing the relative quantity or proportion of tungsten in the
alloy of tungsten and iron intended to be puddled, the density and hardness
of the malleable puddled alloy of tungsten and iron will be increased or
diminished.
In each case when the alloy of tungsten and cast iron has been decarbonized
by the puddling operation, so as to have "come to nature," that is to say, when
it has passed from the state of cast metal to that of malleable metal, I ball it
up, and then subject the puddled balls to the action of squeezers or hammers,
or rollers, in order to consolidate the said puddled balls of the malleable alloy
of tungsten and iron, and to extend them into bars.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which
I carry it into effect, I wish it to be understood that the essence of my Inven-
tion consists in new or improved methods of manufacturing a malleable alloy
of tungsten and iron by puddling in an ordinary puddling furnace, and by the
common method of puddling an alloy-or compound of tungsten and cast iron.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Robert Mushet in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
12th January 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
MUSHET, of Coleford, in the County of Gloucester, Metallurgist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Robert Mushet, Her special licence that I, the said Robert Mushet, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Robert
Mushet, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "NEW OR IMPROVED
METHODS OF MANUFACTURING A CERTAIN METALLIC COMPOUND OR ALLOY," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Robert Mushet, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Mushet, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
My Invention consists of the methods herein-after explained, of manu-
facturing a malleable alloy of tungsten and iron, the said methods consisting
essentially of puddling an alloy of tungsten and cast iron, so as to decarbonize
the said cast iron, by which decarbonization the alloy is rendered malleable.
I puddle the alloy of tungsten and cast iron in an ordinary puddling furnace,
and in the manner in which cast iron is puddled into wrought or malleable
iron.
In carrying my Invention into effect I prepare an alloy of tungsten and
cast iron by smelting a mixture of wolfram or other compound of tungsten
and iron ore in an ordinary blast furnace, with charcoal, coke, or other

page_text: carbonaceous fuel. The alloy of tungsten and cast iron thus obtained is
tapped from the blast furnace hearth, and is run into pig beds or into iron or
other moulds; or the said alloy may be run at once into the puddling furnace,
and be therein puddled in the ordinary manner in which cast iron is commonly
puddled; but I do not limit myself to the use of an alloy of tungsten and cast
iron prepared in the manner directed, for the said alloy may be prepared by
any convenient economical method or process. I sometimes introduce ordinary
cast iron into the puddling furnace along with deoxidized wolfram, or along with
the herein-before described alloy of tungsten and cast iron; and having melted
these substances together, I puddle the alloy by the ordinary puddling process..
I sometimes introduce cast iron into the puddling furnace, and having melted;
the said cast iron, I throw deoxidized wolfram into the melted iron, stirring the
said deoxidized wolfram into the melted iron with the tool or paddle ordinarily
used by puddlers. I then proceed to puddle the alloy by the methods ordinarily
practised in puddling cast iron into wrought or malleable cast iron. The pro-
portions of tungsten which I find produce the best results vary from one-half
per centum by weight to ten per centum by weight of the weight of the alloy of
iron and tungsten obtained from the blast furnace, but I do not confine myself
to these proportions, which may be varied without departing from the nature:
of my said Invention; I do not confine myself to any particular proportions of
tungsten and iron in the alloy, as the proportions may be varied at pleasure;
but I wish it to be understood that the larger the relative quantity or pro-
portion of tungsten in alloy with the iron, the denser and harder will be the
malleable puddled alloy of tungsten and iron, and by increasing or diminishing
the relative quantities or proportions of tungsten and iron in the alloy intended
to be puddled, the density and hardness of the malleable puddled alloy of
tungsten and iron will be increased or diminished. When the alloy of tungsten
and cast iron has been decarbonized by the puddling operation so as to have
"come to nature," that is to say, when it has passed from the state of cast
metal to that of malleable metal, I ball it up, and then subject the puddled
balls to the action of squeezers, or hammers, or rollers, in order to consolidate
the said puddled balls of the malleable alloy of tungsten and iron, and to
extend them into bars in a manner precisely similar to that practised in the
manufacture of bar iron. By deoxydized tungsten or wolfram I mean tungsten
ore or wolfram which has been heated to a temperature ranging from 60 to 90
degrees of Wedgewood's pyrometer in close chambers in contact with car-
bonaceous matter or other reducing agent, by which treatment the tungsten
or tungsten and iron contained in the oro have been reduced or partially
reduced to the metallic state.

page_text: Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which I carry it into effect, I wish it to be understood that the essence of my
Invention consists in manufacturing a malleable alloy of tungsten and iron by
puddling in an ordinary puddling furnace, and by the common method of
puddling an alloy or compound of tungsten and cast iron.
In witness whereof, J, the said Robert Mushet, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixth day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty.
Witnesses,
EDWP. M. MUSHET,
Coleford, Gloucestershire.
BROOKLYN MUSHET,
Coleford, Gloucestershire.
ROBT. MUSHET. (L.S.)