Ix- PROVEMENTS IN DRYING AND ROASTING MALT, GRAIN, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Phillips, of No. 71, Tufnell Park Road,
Islington, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of " Ix-
PROVEMENTS IN DRYING AND ROASTING MALT, GRAIN, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES.”
Scaled the 29th April 1878, and dated the 6th March 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Phillips at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 6th March 1878.
I, GEORGE PHILLIPS, of No. 71, Tufnell Park Road, Islington, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRYING AND ROASTING_MALT, GRAIN, AND
OTHER SUBSTANCES," to bo as follows :—
This Invention has for its object improvements in drying and roasting
malt, grain, and other substances.
I use atmospherio air heated under pressure, as herein-after described,
and I use the air perfectly dried or in the ordinary state that it exists in
as to moisture in the atmosphere without drying it at the time of using

page_text: it; and I heat the air when required from the temperature of the
atmosphere at the time of heating it up to 600° Fah". by the following
means:—I force the air through a coil of tubes, or some suitable
arrangement heated by fire, where I require a high temperature, into
closed vessels which communicate with an air chamber perfectly air- 5
tight, with the exception of its upper covering. This covering is
perforated with a number of perforations, the number and size of which
are so arranged that the air forced into the air chamber can always
maintain a pressure on the perforated surface of the air chambers of
from 3 to 4 lbs. to the square inch of the perforated surface while the 1
air is freely passing through the perforations. This perforated surface
forms the floor of the drying chamber or kiln on which the substances
to be acted on are placed.
I use any suitable contrivance for forcing the air into the closed
vessels that will give the required pressure, but I prefer the blast engine ]
to any other contrivance; and where I heat the air to 600° Fahrenheit,
and require a lower temperature, I have two closed vessels communi-
cating with the air chamber of the kiln, each equal in size and with
equal inlets and outlets, and cach vessel placed under the same pressure.
Into one vessel I force the heated air, into the other cold air, and in each
vessel a thermometer is fixed to indicate the temperature of the air in
cach vessel; and if I require air of a certain temperature, say 330°
Fahrenheit, and the air, both hot and cold, has been dried, and the air
in the heated vessel is at a temperature of 600° Fahrenheit, and in the
cold vessel 60° Fahrenheit, I allow equal portions to pass and mix
together, and thus reach the desired temperature. By this means cocks
with indexes will afford a controlling power of reaching any desired
temperature below 600° Fahrenheit.
Where I require a temperature not exceeding 200° Fahrenheit I heat
the air by means of steam or hot water, if I find it desirable, in preferance
to direct fire heat, and I force the air through similar suitable con-
trivances, as before described, to gain heat and pressure, always preferring
a pressure of from 3 to 4 lbs. on the square inch of the perforated kiln
flooring.
.
The air can be dried by any well-known means, such as chloride of

page_text: All the ordinary malt, hop, grain, and chicory kilns now in uso can
be adapted to this Invention and utilized, and where intermittent
pressure on the kiln surface would be useful in economising heat the
kilns could be so arranged as to keep the hot air in contact with tho
substances for any desired length of time.
By the pressure of the air in the air chamber of the kiln a rapidity of
current of air can be maintained through the perforations of the floor of
the drying chamber or kiln from a mild breezo to a galo, and as a
powerful current of air acting on light substances placed on the floor
of the kiln would blow them upwards a fine wire gauze or other suitable
covering would be necessary to protect the light substances from being
blown about.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Georgo Phillips in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 6th September 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
PHILLIPS, of No. 71, Tufnell Park Road, Islington, in the County of
Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said George Phillips, Her special
license that I, the said George Phillips, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said George Phillips,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
DRYING AND ROASTING Malt, Grain, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," upon the con-

page_text: dition (amongst others) that I, the said George Phillips, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Phillips, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in drying and roasting
malt, grain, and other substances where a suitable temperature of heated
air or air at the ordinary temperature of the atmosphere can be applied.
I use atmospheric air as it exists under pressure as herein-after:
described, and if required heated to any desired temperature, and I use
the air perfectly dried, or in the ordinary state that it exists in, as to
moisture, in the atmosphere without drying it at the time of using it;
and I heat the air where required from the temperature of the atmo-
sphero at the time of heating it up to 600° Fahrenheit or any higher
temperaturo desired by the following means:-I force the air through a
coil of tubes, or some suitable arrangement heated by fire where I require
a high temperature, into closed vessels which communicate with an air
chamber perfectly air-tight, with the exception of its upper covering.
This covering is perforated with a number of perforations, the number 2
and size of which are so arranged that the air forced into the air chamber
can always maintain a pressure on the perforated surface of the air
chamber of from 3 to 4 lbs. or more if required to the square inch of
the perforated surface, while the air is freely passing through the
perforations. This perforated surface forms the floor of the drying 8
chamber or kiln on which the substances to be acted on are placed.
I use any suitable contrivance for forcing the air into the closed
vessels that will give the required pressure, but I prefer the blast engine
to any other contrivance; and where I heat the air to 600° Fahrenheit,
or any higher temperature, and require a lower temperature for use, I 3
have two closed vessels communicating with the air chamber of the kiln,
cach equal in size and with equal inlets and outlets, and each vessel.

page_text: placed under the same prossure. Into one vessel I force the heated air,
into the other cold air, and in each vessel a thermometer is fixed to
indicate the temperature of the air in cach vessel, and if I require air of
a certain temperature, say 330° Fahrenheit, and the air both hot and
cold has been dried, and the air in the heated vessel is at a temperaturo
of 600° Fahrenheit and in the cold vessel 60° Fahrenheit, I allow equal
portions to pass and mix together, and thus reach the desired tempera-
ture, and this holds good for the highest temperaturo air can be licated
to. By this means cocks with indexes will afford a controlling power of
reaching any desired temperature above or below 600° Fahrenheit.
Whero I require a temperature not exceeding 200° Fahrenheit I in
some cases heat the air by means of steam or hot water in preference to
direct fire heat, and I force the air through similar suitablo contrivances
as before described to gain heat and pressure, always preferring a suitable
pressure according to the nature of the substance to be treated.
The air can be dried if desired by any well known means, such as
chloride of calcium or sulphuric acid, and where rapid desiccation of a
substanco is desired dry air is the most effective.
All the ordinary malt, hop, grain, and chicory kilns now in use can be
adapted to this Invention and utilized, and whero intermittent prossuro
on the kiln surface would be useful in economizing heat such as for
pottery ware or roasting vegetable substances the kilns could be so
arranged so as to keep the hot air in contact with the substances for any
desired length of time.
By the pressure of the air in the air chamber of the kiln a rapidity of
current of air can be maintained through the perforations of the floor of
tho drying chamber or kiln from a mild breeze to a galo; and as a
powerful current of air is the most effective in drying moist or liquid
substances rapidly, as upon the rapidity of the current of air depends
the rapidity of drying, and as a strong gale of air acting on light sub-.
stances placed on the floor of the kiln would blow them upwards a fine
wire gauzo netting or other suitable covering would be necessary to
protect the light substances from being blown about.
The kiln or drying chamber may be of any desired form, fixed or
made movable by suitable means, rotary or otherwise, if arranged to
meet the requirements herein laid down as to the various substances to
bo treated in the manner herein expressed.

page_text: What I claim is the means of drying and roasting malt, grain, and
other substances by the use of a perforated floor with a chamber beneath
it, into which air is forced in such quantity as to maintain a heavy
pressure in the chamber notwithstanding the constant escape of air
through the perforations, and amongst the material upon the floor, sub-
stantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Phillips, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Third day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and seventy-threo.
through the perforations, and amongst the material upon the floor, sub-
stantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Phillips, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Third day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and seventy-threo.