Roasting Machine for Coffee and like purposes.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 14th June, 1895
Complete Specification Left, 13th Mar., 1896-Accepted, 9th May, 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Roasting Machine for Coffee and like purposes.
I, JAMES WASTALL of 129 Petherton Road Highbury New Park, London N.,
Bank Manager do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to a method of constructing an improved roasting machine
for coffee and like purposes thereby obtaining a continuous delivery of the roasted
or dried article, after having been kept in constant movement during a certain
number of revolutions according to the size of the machine and subjected to the
application of heat of sufficient intensity having regard to the speed required for
each given purpose. In carrying out my invention I construct several series of
cells formed by perforated circular plates of iron or tin, and strips of the same
metals, or either of them, fitting the openings in the plates at right angles. I
arrange one circle of cells around a tube forming the axis, and an outer circle of
cells near the circumference of the plates, in such a manner that each of the
divisions of the cells in one circle is placed on the radius midway between the
divisions of those of the other circle. The space between the openings for one
outer cell is cut out of each plate to form a passage to the next series of cells.
I stop up one inner cell of each series with an iron stopper, placing it to the right
or left of the passage opening in accordance with the intended direction of the
rotary motion. On the same radius of each of the openings for the inner cells, a
hole is drilled, each one at the same distance from the true centre of the plate,
so that when in position with the passage openings spirally arranged, a rod will
work in each line of holes. I make the rods of bar iron of an inch square with >
a small head at the upper end, and screw turned at the lower extremity. Upon
the rods. I place valves inade of iron or tin, to work between the divisions of each
outer cell, excepting two, which are those on either side of the stopper. The
strips, or slats, are cut with slits forming wide teeth at equal distances, the slits
according to the thickness of the plates, and the teeth as regards the size of the
cells for the purpose required. Plain strips of equal length with the toothed strips
fill in the space of the outer circle of openings caused by shutting the teeth between
the plates towards the centre. The tube serves a like purpose for the inner circle
of slats, the teeth of which point to the circumference. Í attach an iron lever to.
the lower end of each rod, so that it shall point outwards, and come in contact with
an obstacle in time to anticipate the effect of gravitation upon the valves at the
upward turn, thus guiding the article onward until the final delivery is reached. A
similar obstacle strikes the short end of the lever when approaching the opposite
position. I close the circumference with iron, or tin bands, which fit between the
circular plates in the margin beyond the outer circle of slats; they may be in long
When put:
strips of thin iron, or tin, or both, or semicircular of stouter make.
together the machine is of cylindrical form, and may be enclosed in a copper
cylinder, if heat is to be applied to the exterior, or covered with asbestos, or other :
suitable packing if heated from the centre. The tube should be about 4 inches in:
diameter and pivotted by a spoked wheel inserted within each extremity, turning
upon standards having a similar arrangement; the upper standard holding a chimney,
and the lower one fitted to pass a gas-pipe through the pivots. The tube should be.
of iron, and may be lined with copper to the limit of the cells. Immediately:
beyond each of the end plates 4 holes are opened in the iron tube, and short strips
of pipe screwed into them, forming arms at right angles for the double purpose of
fixing the axis, and conveying heat to the air chambers, which are formed by tin

page_text: covers fitting close over the projecting ends of the outer slats. The cover at the
lower end has holes for the ends of the rods to pass through, and both have the
passage way lined to exclude the article from the air chambers. A spur wheel rim
is mounted against each end plate, to fit the gearing of the motive power. A
feeder, and a receiver, of ordinary construction to suit the article under treatment,
are attached to the respective ends.
In the accompanying drawings
Figures 1 to 10 are shewn in the natural size of a working model.
Figure 1 represents and section of a circular plate th inch thick or less. A is
the opening for the inner circle of slats, and C for the outer circle. B shews the
position of the holes for the valve rods.
Figure 2 represents one end of a toothed slat.
Figure 3 is the form of the levers which may be one inch square.
Figure 4 is the pattern for the stopper, the depth being the same as the width of
the teeth of the slats.
Figure 5 shews the shape of a cast iron valve which must be filed to fit square on
the rod, the depth being a trifle less than the teeth of the slats.
Figure 6 is a substitute valve more easily made.
Figures 7, 8 and 9 are put together as shewn by
Figure 10 and compose another substitute valve readily made of tin, and fitted
without disturbing the general combination.
Figure 11 represents on a scale of th of the natural size, a perforated circular
plate. D is the space cut out to form the passage from the delivery cell, and
entrance to the receiving cell of the next series. R shews the position of the
receiving cell. The dotted lines indicate the position of the valves as affected by
gravitation, and the dotted enclosure shews the position of the stopper (Fig. 4) the
rotary motion being in the direction of the arrow.
Figure 12 shews on a scale of
th of the natural size, the complete machine
composed of 17 circular plates forming 16 series of cells, mounted on gearing with
an inclination of about seven degrees.
Dated this 14th day of June 1895.
JAMES WASTALL.
Roasting Machine for Coffee and like purposes.
1, JAMES WASTALL of 5, Northampton Park London, N., late of 129 Petherton
Road, Highbury New Park London N., Bank Manager, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention has reference to an improved roasting machine for coffee and like
purposes, and has for its special object the manner of obtaining a continuous
passage of the article under treatment, through a cylindrical contrivance of thin
metal comprising chambers and cells.
To give effect to my invention I use a number of circular plates, and strips of
metal, patterns of which, in a proportionate, and practical size, may be obtained in
the following manner.
For the plates: Describe a circle with radius of 8 inches. Divide the
circumference into 32 equal parts, and number the points of intersection
1 to 32. Then from the same centre, describe five other circles respectively with
radius of 7, 5, 41, 3 and 2 inches. For reference the largest circle may be
called the first, and so on to the sixth or smallest circle.
Upon the radii
terminating in the odd numbers of the first circle, cut straight slits 16 of an inch
wide, between the 5th and 6th circles, and mark points of intersection on the
4th circle. Upon the radii of the even numbers, cut similar slits between the

page_text: 2nd and 3rd circles. The slits of the inner circle will be 1 inch long, and those of
the outer circle 2 inches.
From the 16 points of intersection upon the 4th circle, describe circles of of an
inch diameter, which being punched out form holes for the valve rods. Cut out
the area of the 6th circle, and the space enclosed by any two slits of the even
numbers, and by so much of the 2nd and 3rd circles. The former opening is to
admit a tube, and the latter to provide a passage way.
For the strips or slats: Take any required length of thin metal 1 inch wide,
and cut slits at right angles with the length, from one edge only, 18 of an inch
wide, of an inch long, and 2 inches apart, forming wide teeth. Of this
pattern 32 slats are required, together with 16 plain strips (i.e., without "teeth">
1 inch wide.
The machine is put together by first placing the circular plates vertically in
line 2 inches apart, and so that the passage ways will be consecutively and spirally
arranged when the cylinder is complete, then pass 16 of the toothed slats through
the lines of slits of the outer circles, and shut the teeth inwards towards the centre
of the plates; follow with the 16 plain strips which will key the slats into firm
position. The remaining 16 toothed slats are then placed in the slits of the inner
circles, but with the teeth shutting outwards towards the circumference of the
plates. A metal tube, perforated or otherwise, closely fitting the central space
provides the axis, and holds the inner circle of slats in position.
The plates divide the cylinder into chambers each containing 32 cells formed by
the slats. In the one inner cell of each chamber occurring between the passage
ways of the two plates forming its sides, a stopper is placed, to guide the article
under treatment onward into the adjoining chamber. The stopper may be of solid
iron or hollow, and is shaped to occupy the space contained within the inner cell,
passing between the two rod holes up to the one outer slat upon the radius midway
between them.
Rods of the necessary length and a of an inch square occupy the 16 lines of
holes, and hold as many valves on each as there are chambers in the cylinder,
excepting where the rods pass the stoppers, thus each chamber requires 14 valves.
The valves or doors are made after the fashion of a common door hinge with single
leaf, the rod being the pivot; they should measure barely the width of the
teeth of the slats, say 14 inch by 1 inch broad exclusive of the base fitting the rod.
They may be cut out of thin metal, or cast with a square hole to receive the rod,
and shaped to a knife edge. Each valve works within its respective outer cell
pointing to the circumference.
The lower extremity of each of the rods carries a lever at right angles or a cam
or both, which work in eccentric grooves, or come in contact with pins projecting
from the frame work of the gearing, in order to anticipate the gravitation of the
valves as the machine rotates.
Bands of thin iron with flanged ends fitted with bolts and nuts, encircle the
circumference, fitting closely between the plates and upon the edges of the outer
slats.
The cylinder is completed by attaching a cap to each extremity shaped to fit
over the projecting ends of the outer circle of slats, and having a flanged rim which
is bolted to the respective end plate.
The machine is mounted on any suitable gearing at an angle of about seven
degrees, and revolves with the upper end moving in a stationary feeder; the
passage way of the last plate being extended through the cap, and lined to prevent
the article entering the cap: a scoop projects from the opening in the cap into the
feeder.
The lower cap receives the roasted or dried article, and delivers it from an
opening in its periphery.
Heat is applied by the centre or to the exterior of the cylinder.
The speed of the movement is regulated according to the intensity of the heat;
the purpose required; and the chosen length of the cylinder. With the model

page_text: described 14 revolutions are necessary to pass the article from cell to cell in any
one chamber, and deliver it to the adjoining one.
In the drawings filed with my Provisional Specification
Figures 1 to 10 are shewn in the natural size of a working model.
Figure 1 represents section of a circular plate (see Figure 11). A is the
opening for the inner circle of slats, and C for the outer circle. B the position of
the holes for the valve rods.
Figure 2 shews one end of a toothed slat.
Figure 3 is the form of the levers for the valve rods.
Figure 4 is the pattern for the stopper.
Figure 5 shews the shape of a cast iron valve.
Figure 6 is another form of valve.
:
:
Figures 7, 8 and 9 are put together as shewn by
.
Figure 10 and compose another substitute valve.
Figure 11 shews on a scale of th of the natural size, a perforated circular plate.
D is the space cut out to form the passage from the delivery cell, and entrance to
the receiving cell of the next series. R shews the position of the receiving cell.
The dotted lines indicate the position of the valves as affected by gravitation, and
the dotted enclosure shews the position of the stopper (see Figure 4) the rotary
motion being in the direction of the arrow.
Figure 12 shews on a scale of 16th of the natural size, the complete machine
composed of 17 circular plates, and forming 16 series of cells.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. For a machine for roasting coffee and like purposes, a circular plate cut and
perforated to the pattern substantially as described.
2. For a machine for roasting coffee, and like purposes, a stopper substantially
as described, for the purpose specified.
3. For a machine for roasting coffee, and like purposes, a cylindrical contrivance
constructed with the aforesaid plates and stoppers, and with slats, rods, valves,
bands, levers, cams, capped ends, and tube substantially as described."
Dated this 12th day of March 1896.
JAMES WASTALL.