IMPROVEMENTS IN FLYERS USED IN MACHINERY POR PREPARING, SPINNING, OR DOUBLING COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, SILK, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Billington Booth, of Preston, in the County of
Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FLYERS USED IN
MACHINERY POR PREPARING, SPINNING, OR DOUBLING COTTON, WOOL, FLAX,
SILK, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
Sealed the 24th August 1866, and dated the 28th February 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Billington Booth
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th February 1866.
I, JOHN BILLINGTON BOOTH, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention "IMPROVEMENTS IN FLYERS
USED IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, OR DOUBLING COTTON, WOOL, FLAX,
SILK, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
I make the socket of the flyer with or without arms shaped or formed,
separately from the tubes or legs. I turn the socket to the proper form or
shape, and drill or rymer it ready for the spindle, either before or after

page_text: attaching the tubes or legs. The said socket may be made of brass, copper,
malleable iron, or other suitable metal or material, but I prefer brass, on
account of its superior appearance and non-liability to corrosion. I make the
tubes or legs of any suitable metal or material, but sheet brass by preference.
I cut or shape a piece of sheet brass to such a size and shape that when it is
blocked and closed the tubes or legs will be perfectly correct. The said
so-shaped piece of metal has a hole in the centre to fit on the socket, which
can be put on either before or after it is bent and closed; or, if desirable, it
may be in halves, divided at the hole, and thus make the legs separately. I
attach the said tubes or legs to the socket or socket arms by soldering,
screwing, or other mechanical means, or I can accomplish the same result by
using ordinary brass or iron tubing.
For flyers used in some machines for the aforesaid purposes I make the
arms or tubes of solid metal, whether it be malleable iron, steel, or other
material, but in all cases I make them separate from the sockets, and to give
the flyers a smooth, finished, and elegant appearance when made of brass or
copper I lacker them. These flyers will be stiffer and lighter than those
made in the ordinary manner, consequently will be capable of bearing an
increased speed, and can be balanced with greater ease and accuracy. There
will also be an economy in the result, because when worn out the old metal
will be of more value.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Billington Booth in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 25th August 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
BILLINGTON BOOTH, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Billington Bootb, Her special license that I, the said John
Billington Booth, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said John, Billington Booth, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all.

page_text: times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Iж-
PROVEMENTS IN FLYERS USED IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, OR
DOUBLING COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, SILK, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Billington Booth, mý
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Billington Booth, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the figures and letters on
the accompanying two Sheets of Drawings (that is to say) :-
Instead of forging or casting the flyer with its socket and legs together as
generally practised, I form the socket and legs or tubes separately, and fix
them together in various ways. I make the socket by preference of the
shape shewn in Figs. 1 and 2, either by casting or forging of any suitable
material, such as brass, copper, iron, malleable iron or steel, and turn the socket
if required, drilling or boring and rymering out the central part a to fit the
spindle in the usual manner. Ishape the wings or arms 6 of the socket to
the form shewn, or any modification thereof so as to adapt them to fit the
connecting bridge between the two tubular legs hereafter described.
In order
to form the tubular legs I take sheet brass, sheet steel, sheet iron, or other
sheet metal of a suitable kind, and cut or stamp it to a form similar to that
represented in Fig. 3. The plate so cut or stamped out it will be observéd
consists of two limbs c, c, with a central connecting part d pierced with a
hole e.
I now bend round the limbs c, c, to a tubular form; turning them
also at right angles to the central part or bridge d, so as to reduce the whole
to the form shewn in Figs. 4, 5, and 6, taking care that the central bridge d
assumes such a shape as will fit the under side of the wings 6 of the socket,
Figs. 1 and 2. To complete the formation of the flyer I pass the lower part
of the socket tube through the central hole e, and solder the wings 6 to the
connecting bridge d, and then finish the tubular legs as shewn in Figs. 7
and 8. The shaping operations may be performed by means of suitable

page_text: maundrils, blocks, or other tools, such as are now in use among flyer makers
or workers in sheet metal, but I do not confine myself to any particular form
of implements.
Figs. 9 and 10 represent another mode of fixing the tubular legs to the
socket, the legs being either made and fixed separately or together to the
tops of the wings or arms. It now only remains to fit the flyer with its
pressing apparatus, if such is required, and to balance and finish it in the
usual manner.
The pressing apparatus it is here unnecessary to describe as it forms
no part of my Invention, and may be of various kinds, according to option.
The balancing may also be effected in different ways, such as by running
melted metal into the legs, or by soldering or fixing blocks therein. The
flyers constructed as thus described will be stiffer and lighter than those made
in the ordinary manner, and consequently will be capable of bearing. an
increased speed, they can also be balanced with greater ease and accuracy,
and when made of brass will not rust.
The following examples of modification will shew that this Invention is
capable of assuming a variety in detail without affecting its general and
distinctive features:-
First, the socket need not of necessity have its wings of the exact shape
shewn in Figs. 1 and 2, but it may have any other shape provided it is
suitable for attachment to the central bridge d, which of course must be also
shaped in accordance therewith; or it may be so formed for the legs or tubes
to be fixed on separately. An extreme example is shewn in Fig. 11, where
the wings of the socket are circular in cross section and fit into bent tubes
which form the legs; or the bent tubes may be screwed into the arms of the
socket, as shewn in Fig. 12. In these cases each leg is made separately;
the socket may even be without any wings at all, as in Fig. 18, where it is
shewn with a simple shoulder, the bridge being formed of a convenient shape
to receive it, whether for tubular or solid legs.
Secondly, instead of using solder for uniting the separate pieces of the flyer
they may be united by other mechanical means, such as by rivets or screws
or brazing, or the socket can be cast to the bridge d, connecting the tubular
legs by placing the mould for the socket on the bridge d and running the
melted metal into the mould.
.
.
Thirdly, instead of the legs being formed of a tubular shape I make them
for some purposes of solid metal; in this case the legs may be attached to
the socket in a variety of ways, for instance, by soldering or brazing, as will

page_text: readily be understood on reference to Fig. 14, or by screwing; the legs may
also be formed of one piece of metal and passed through an eye in the socket,
as shewn in Fig. 15. These improved modes of making flyers with solid
legs can be adopted for flyers used in spinning and doubling as well as
for preparing. In all cases I make the socket (with or without arms as shewn
at Figs. 1 and 16) separate from the legs, but I do not adhere to any
particular mode of attachment.
Fourthly, the sockets may be made of brass, copper, iron, malleable iron,
steel, or other material, and the tubular legs may be made of sheet steel,
sheet brass, sheet iron, sheet tin, or other material; in all cases where alloys
of copper are used I prefer such as give the best appearance; there is an
additional advantage in using such alloys, namely, that when they are worn
out the old metal is of considerable value. I also in some cases lacquer the
flyers in order to give them a better finish, but I neither confine myself to
any particular metal nor to any style of finish.
It will have been observed that my improved system of manufacturing
flyers differs materially from the mode at present adopted, for example, the
ordinary method of forging flyers with tubular legs is to weld together two or
more pieces of iron in the form of a cross, the central part to form the
socket, and the projecting arms to be drawn or forged into the tubular legs.
In one of my arrangements I first make the socket of the flyer and prefer
to turn and bore it previous to connecting it with the tubes or legs, and for
making the tubular legs I use sheet metal of an even thickness and smooth
surface, which sheet metal can be shaped, blocked, and partially closed into
tubular legs, and afterwards joined to the socket, and as the surface of the
metal is smooth the flyer can be balanced, finished, and polished with ease
and economy.
Having now described the nature and particulars of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire it to be understood
that I claim,
First, the system of manufacturing flyers having tubular legs by making
the sockets and legs separately, and afterwards uniting them together without
welding.
Secondly, the construction of the tubular legs of flyers out of sheet metal
separate from the socket as distinguished from the mode of casting, forging,
or drawing out such legs.
Thirdly, the system of manufacturing flyers having solid legs by making
the sockets and legs separately and afterwards uniting them together, as all

page_text: such improvements are herein described and illustrated in the accompanying
two Sheets of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Billington Booth, have hereunto. set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named John Billington
Booth, in the presence of
E. J. HUGHES,
J. B. BOOTH. (L.S..),
Patent Agent,
Manchester..