Improvements in Cements, Plasters, Paints, and other analogous Compositions, and in Apparatus for the Manufacture thereof.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 31st Dec., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 31st Oct.. 1895-Accepted, 31st Dec., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Improvements in Cements, Plasters, Paints, and other analogous
Compositions, and in Apparatus for the Manufacture thereof.
I ROBERT STONE Engineer, of 23 St. Dunstan's Buildings London, E.C. do
hereby declare the nature of my said invention to be as follows:-
My invention consists in a special and novel method being entirely different to
any other put forward of preventing the bursting nature of line in chalk lime stone
marble rocks or rockery gypsum or substances of all kinds containing lime by the
following method namely I mix the above mentioned with say from 1 cwt. to 5 cwt.
of loam silicate sand or similar substances to every ton of rock rockery chalk lime-
stone marble gypsum or similar materials or substances containing lime and burn
them down together and when ground into a powder and set will be far more
durable and harder than cement or plaster besides being water and fire proof; when
burning as a substitute for Portland cement I may use say from 25 to 45 per cent.
of loam or similar substances or I may mix 1 cwt. to 5 cwt. of loam silicate sand
or similar substances with the chalk or lime stone and add say from 25 to 35 per cent.
of river mud or alumina clay the foregoing process is entirely new and can be
produced much cheaper and far more superior in quality than any other process yet
introduced; by preference I mix the loam sand silicate or similar substances direct
on the limestone chalk rocks and etc. while in wet or pulpy state in order to bring
it in direct contact with same the foregoing manufacture is suitable for all general
purposes instead of cement or plaster and specially adapted for building mortar
beside buildings can be safely erected with the material alone inasmuch it will be
safe from contraction as well as fire and water proof it is also specially adapted for
lime lights when made direct from the chalk or lime stone also for a body of paint
when made from the hard rockery or rocks, when burning the materials by
preference 1 use furnaces round shaped the outside cased with wrought iron lined
inside with fire-proof material the bottom of the furnace to be fitted with zig zag
shaped cast iron bars to suit the curve or shape of the furnace placed in a slanting
direction so as when the material is burned and the draft doors opened the contents
will come freely out without removing the fire bars.
When forming the ground materials into blocks bricks slabs tiles paving or any
shape required in order to compress the material and form rolls and by the to and fro
running action of the roll or rolls over the material it will be much harder and
wear longer when requiring a very fine face on the material operated on I form the
moulds or dies of strong plate glass.
Dated 31st December 1894.

page_text: Improvements in Cements, Plasters, Paints, and other analogous
Compositions, and in Apparatus for the Manufacture thereof.
I, ROBERT STONE, Engineer, 23 St. Dunstan's Buildings, London, E.C., do
hereby declare the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
My invention relates to a special and novel method of manufacturing cements,
plasters, paints and analogous compositions whereby the finished material is
prevented from bursting, splitting or cracking, a defect hitherto present with
cements and the like made from chalk, lime stone, marble, rocks or rockery, gypsumn
or substances of all kinds containing lime. According to my invention I mix the
above mentioned with say from 1 cwt. to 5 cwt. of loam, silica, sand or similar
substances to every ton of rock rockery chalk lime stone marble gypsum or
similar materials or substances containing lime and burn them down together by a
forced blast and when ground into a powder and set will be far more durable and
harder than cement or plaster beside being water and fire proof. When burning
as a substitute for Portland cement I may use say from 25 to 45 per cent. of loam or
similar substances or I may mix 1 cwt. to 5 cwt. of loam silicate sand or similar
substances with the chalk or lime stone and add say from 25 to 35 per cent. of river
mud or alumina clay.
The foregoing process is entirely new and can be produced much cheaper and far
more superior in quality than any other process yet introduced.
By preference I mix the loam sand silicate or similar substances direct on the
lime stone chalk rocks etc. while in wet or pulpy state in order to bring it in direct
contact with same.
The foregoing manufacture is suitable for all general purposes instead of cement
or plaster and specially adapted for building mortar, beside buildings can be safely
erected with the material alone inasmuch it will be safe from contraction as well as
fire and water proof. It is also specially adapted for lime lights when made direct
from the chalk or lime stone also for a body of paint when made from the hard
rockery or rocks.
When burning the materials by preference I use furnaces round shaped the
outside cased with wrought iron lined inside with fire proof material the bottom of
the furnace to be fitted with zig zag shaped cast iron bars to suit the curve or shape
of the furnace placed in a slanting direction so as when the material is burned and
the draft doors opened, the contents will come freely out without removing the
fire bars.
When forming the ground materials into blocks, bricks, slabs, tiles, paving or any
shape required in order to compress the material Í form rolls and by the to and fro
running action of the roll or rolls over the material it will be much harder and
wear longer when requiring a very fine face on the material operated on 1 form the
moulds or dies of strong plate glass.
And in order that my said invention may be particularly described and ascertained,
reference is hereby made to the accompanying drawings, in which similar letters of
reference indicate corresponding parts.
Fig. 1 is a sectional plan and Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation of the furnace
constructed according to my invention.
Fig. 3 is a diagram of one method of rolling the material to harden the same.
My improved furnace is constructed of a circular shape and built of fire brick,
or other fire-proof material a encased in wrought iron cylinders b. The firebars c
are cast with projections d fitting corresponding detents or gaps formed in the next

page_text: firebar, sufficient space being provided between such projections and gaps to permit
air to circulate freely. The bars rest in the wall of the furnace at one end and in
a central support e at the other end, the bars being set conically as shown at Fig. 2.
This arrangement of fire bars enables the burnt material to be more readily
withdrawn and without removing the fire bars.
In order to harden the material, when such material is to be used for blocks,
bricks, slabs, tiles, paving or other analogous purposes, I use a roll carrying a
spindle the outer ends of which are encircled by or connected to two chains h, one
on each side. The chains pass over and are wound upon or unwound from two
windlasses, one at each end as shown at Fig. 3 thus causing the roll to move over
and thereby compress the material into the moulds i, a to and from action being
imparted to the roll.
The moulds may be faced with strong plate glass or may be polished, when it is
desired that the finished article shall have a fine or polished surface, and the rolls
may be heated internally by suitable connections with the waste heated air from
the furnace when the materials require drying before burning and when the ground
materials are mixed with tar, asphalte or the like or for causing the material to set
quickly.
The materials may be dried before burning by passing the heated air from the
furrace over and under the same as many times as found necessary.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that what [
claim is :-
:-
1. The improvements in the manufacture of a composition of materials for
general purposes also in machinery for carrying out same, substantially as
described.
2. The method of destroying the bursting nature of lime substantially as
described.
3. The improved construction of furnace and fire bars therefor, substantially
as herein before described and illustrated by Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings.
4. The improved method of hardening drying, and heating the material by
means of the to and fro action of a roll, substantially as herein before described
and illustrated by Fig. 3 of the drawings.
Dated 30th October 1895.
STONL
ROBERT
OT STONE