IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR MODES OF THE PRODUCTION OR MANUFACTURE OF CUT PILED MOSAIC, MOSAIC TEXTILE AND TESSELATED FABRICS, IN THE TREATMENT OF MATERIALS USED, AND IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS USED FOR THE SAID PURPOSE
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Pidding at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
July 1869.
I, WILLIAM PIDDING, of Walcot Square, Lambeth, in the County of
Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR MODES OF THE PRODUCTION OR
MANUFACTURE OF CUT PILED MOSAIC, MOSAIC TEXTILE AND TESSELATED FABRICS,
IN THE TREATMENT OF MATERIALS USED, AND IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS USED
FOR THE SAID PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of a method or methods of treating textile and
other appropriate fabrics, as herein described, so as to render them
capable of forming the base or foundation for ornamental surfaces, as
also in the treatment and preparation of the material or materials I use
and apply for such surface figuring or ornamenting. The textile or
other fabric to be used as described I saturate with starchy, glutinous, or
other stiffening matter; I then place it in a suitable frame, table, or other
appliance, and peirce or perforate it, such perforations being close together
and equidistant. The perforating apparatus I use consists of numerous

page_text: sharp pointed wires fixed permanently and nearly close together in flat
boards or other suitable material; these wires are to be taper in form
and thicker at their base, so that when they are inserted into the fabric
prepared as herein-before described the fabric may be distended as much
as possible. The peircing or puncturing apparatus is to remain in the
fabric until the same is dry, and then to be extracted. To facilitate such
operation I prefer that the wires of the perforating apparatus shall be
greased. In lieu of the peircing or perforating apparatus just described
for the treatment of some material which I shall use as the base or
foundation for my ornamentally surfaced manufacture, I shall use rollers
or cylinders if the same are used in a frame, the roller or cylinder giving
the pressure must have the peercing wires for puncturing the fabric
placed in its surface; the under roller must form the yielding bed by
means of the material of which it is to be made. I may use a roller or
cylinder in connection with a bed suitable, fixed or otherwise, that is to
say, the roller may be fixed and the table or bed travelling, or the table
or bed fixed and the roller travelling. I apply in some cases heat to the
cylinder or roller, and the bed or table used must have an elastic or
yielding surface. The perforated fabrics or material may have a design
printed or painted on it. I place the same over some flat surface, say,
plate glass, or any other suitable material in a distended state, an equal
and required distance apart as in relation to their surfaces, so as to allow
the studs herein-after described to project an equal and regular length
from the perforated textile fabric. I distend and compress by suitable
nieans Berlin wool, worsted, or any other appropriate or suitable material,
I sometimes satuate the same with a glutinous or stiffening material;
when dry I cut the same into equal lengths which I hero call studs (any
appropriate name for the same may be used). The peirced or perforated
fabric being prepared when necessary as herein-before described I
proceed to place the studs into the perforated holes of the said fabric,
matching in color or shade of color the stud and the designs printed or
painted on the perforated fabric. The studs are to rest on one end on
the flat surface used and placed under the perforated fabric, the whole is
then to be lowered into a hot bath or tank for the purpose of removing
the glutinous saturating materials used, the glutinous saturating materials
used as foundation will contract, and the textile studs will expand, and
thus become tightly fixed and retained in the said perforations of the
fabric. Instead of the textile studs described, I form others of various
colored glass, glazed and colored metals, and stained woods, or other

page_text: suitable enamelled materials. I also use seeds or studs for the purpose
of my manufacture, first depriving them of their fructifying properties,
I stain, color, or paint them to render thein suitable for the purposes
required. In lieu of a flat surface to be placed under the perforated
fabric or other suitable material used as before described I place a mould
of any flower, insect, or other object or form of anything I desire to
represent, and on which moulds the studs are to rest, so that the piled or
other fabrics (after undergoing the process herein-before described when
a stiffened perforated fabric shall have been used) shall appear in relief.
In some cases I cause the retention of the studs in the perforations of
the fabric used as a foundation by the application of a suitable cement.
To economise the manufacture herein-before described I place numerous
pieces of the perforated prepared fabric of any required length equidistant
apart from each other, the perforations being exactly over each other. I
connect numerous studs together at their ends by a suitable cement,
taking care that such studs so joined are of the same shade or color; I
then place into the perforations of the said lengths or pieces of prepared
fabric the said joined lengths of studs matching color and shade of same
with color and shade of the design printed or painted on the prepared and
perforated fabric. Two lengths of joined studs are to pass through the
perforations of the whole of the pieces of prepared fabric and rest on the
flat surface placed under them and used as herein-before described. The
whole of the perforations in the fabric or various pieces of fabric being filled
with studs the operation of immersion in a hot bath for [the removal of
the stiffening material is to be applied. The ends of the studs cemented
together by this process will become disconnected and each length or
piece of fabric used as a foundation will have an ornamental fac simile
pattern or design upon its surface. To ensure the studs being in a
straight line while being cemented together at their ends I place them
in a groove or suitable contrivance; when dry they will be perfectly stiff
and straight and fit for use. In some cases I use the distended and com-
pressed material saturated with the stiffening material as before described,
and herein-before called studs in long lengths, so that they may pass
through the whole of the preparations of a series of prepared fabric
foundations as described herein-before where the studs are cemented at
their ends together to effect the same object. The process in each case
being similar, instead of the ends of the studs becoming disconnected by
the immersion I cut the studs or the material forming the length of
same between each layer of the fabric forming the foundation at such

page_text: distances between each layer or length of the fabric K forming the
foundation as may be required and deemed desirable. It may be
necessary for some purposes to place the studs (of whatever material
composed) through several layers or thicknesses laid in close contact of
the fabrics or materials I use as the base or foundation of my piled
mosaic or ornamental manufacture. In describing the fabric I purpose
using as a base or foundation for my ornamental and figured productions
I would have it understood I do not confine myself to woven and spun
fabrics, I use any material whether of fibrous, pulpous, or mixed material
or compound which may be most suitable for the purpose and use of the
artice I produce.
In the various plans and processes I have herein described for the
carrying out of my improvements I do not confine myself to them in
detail, any arrangement arising out of the plans set out I may avail
myself of.
Full description and Drawings describing my Invention in all its
details will be lodged with my complete Specification.