Improvements in Engine and like Cylinders.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 21st July, 1896-Accepted, 10th Oct., 1896
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Engine and like Cylinders.
I, JAMES RUSSELL BENNETT of 145, North 7th Street in the City of
Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, United States of America, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what mauner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained, in and by the
following statement :-
My invention relates to improvements in engine or compression cylinders and
more particularly to that class in which the working fluid is vaporized liquid, more
volatile than water, such as bisulphide of carbon and the like, and which destroys
ordinary oleagenous lubricants.
My invention consists essentially in the combination of an ordinary metallic
cylinder and a lining for said cylinder composed of a compound of graphite and a
binder not soluble in the working vapors to be used. A suitable compound for
this purpose may consist of from four to ten parts, by weight, of finely pulverized
graphite to one of fibre, saturated with water and incorporated with each other
and then moulded into the form desired. The dried product in a rigid condition
may be readily turned in an ordinary lathe and fitted to the metallic cylinder and
then accurately bored for the piston. A lining of this material is self-lubricating,
non-corrosive and relatively tough and indestructible. Cylinders for compressing
gases may be lined with this substance.
In order to prevent the loss of heat from the working vapor, I use a packing of
elastic or yielding non-conducting material consisting of asbestos fibre or hemp or
a mixture of asbestos and hemp or powdered alum. This serves to support the
lining and prevent breaking the same by reason of unequal radial expansion
between the lining and the outer metallic cylinder.
In the drawings forming a part of this specification,
Fig. 1 is an elevation of an engine cylinder;
Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of the same, showing my invention, and
Fig. 3 is a transverse section showing the lining and packing arranged according
to my invention.
A is an ordinary metallic engine cylinder having the conventional cylinder
heads a a.
1 is the lining composed of graphite and binding material, as fibre, and
2 is a packing of asbestos or hemp or pulverized alum interposed between the
lining and outer cylinder. This packing serves to support the lining and to prevent
the transmission of heat. 33 are discs or plugs formed of the same material as
the lining connected with the cylinder heads and projecting into the lining of the
cylinder, as shown, so as to preserve a close joint between the cylinder head and
the lining, notwithstanding the difference of longitudinal expansion between the
metallic cylinder and the lining. By preference I use a compressible elastic
packing 4-4 between the cylinder heads and the discs.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. In a vapor engine or compression cylinder, the combination of a metallic
cylinder, an insoluble graphite-compound-lining and an interposed elastic or
yielding non-conducting packing of the character described, substantially as
described.

page_text: 2. In a vapor engine or a compression cylinder having a lining whose expansion is
less than that of the outer cylinder, the combination with such cylinder and lining,
of discs or plugs to preserve tight joints between the head and lining, substantially
as described.
Dated this 21st day of July 1896.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.