Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 11th May, 1886.
Complete Left, 9th Feb., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 11th Mar., 1887.
We, WILHELM NOSSIAN, Engineer, and HEINRICH HUTTER, Manufacturer, both of
Vienna, Austria, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
According to this invention, a parallel-flow turbine is mounted to the up-stream
end of a horizontal shaft journaled between two floating bodies, which are anchored in
a stream or river, the working wheel with its guide-rim being immersed by more than
half its surface.
In the working wheel, the nearly helicoidal blades are not rigidly connected to the
inner and outer rims, but are provided with journals which freely project into holes
of said rims. The inner rim is fixed by its front edge to a strong sheet-iron disc,
which is connected by its front side to a nave or socket keyed on the shaft, the said
disc being strutted by means of a sheet iron cone the sides of which extend forward
from the whole circumference of the disc to the said nave; a small number of radial
sheet-iron partitions serve to connect the outer rim to the inner one.
In the cylindric hollow of the inner rim, a sheet-iron drum of small weight is so
mounted upon the shaft as to be rotated by it, but to be endwise movable on the same.
The cylindrical surface of the said drum presents an annular groove, into which
project the crank-pins of cranks, formed on the ends of the inner journals of the
working-wheel blades. By means of an angular lever the said drum is geared to
the slide of a conical governor, and so the drum will adjust the angles at which
the blades of the working wheel are placed toward the direction in which the water
passes through.
In order to make the engine more sensible to the action of the governor, the axis of
rotation formed by the two journals of each blade does not pass through the middle
of the blade but is arranged eccentrically, in consequence whereof the surplus of water
pressure on one side of the axis will always tend to turn the blades, and this tendency
is counter-balanced by weighting the angular lever, which gears the sheet-iron drum
to the slide of the governor.
The outer rim of the working wheel is preferably adapted for use as a chain-pulley,
in order to dispense with other transmitting gear which would increase the weight of
the engine.
ABEL & IMRAY,
28, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicants.

page_text: We, WILHELM NOSSIAN, Engineer and HEINRICH HUTTER, Manufacturer, both of
Vienna Austria do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
According to this invention, a parallel-flow turbine is mounted on the up-stream
end of a horizontal shaft journaled between two floating bodies, which are anchored in
a stream or river, the working wheel with its guide-rim being immersed by more than
half its surface.
In the working wheel, the nearly helicoidal blades are not rigidly connected to the
inner and outer rims, but are provided with journals which freely project into holes of
said rims. The inner rim is fixed by its front edge to a strong sheet-iron disc, which
is connected by its front side to a nave or socket keyed on the shaft, the said disc being
strutted by means of a sheet-iron cone the sides of which extend forward from the whole
circumference of the disc to the said nave; a small number of radial sheet iron
partitions serve to connect the outer rim to the inner one.
In the cylindrical hollow of the inner rim, a sheet-iron drum of small weight is so
mounted upon the shaft as to be rotated by it, but to be end wise moveable on the same.
The cylindrical surface of the said drum presents an annular groove, into which
project the crank-pins of cranks, formed on the ends of the inner journals of the
working-wheel blades. By means of an angular lever the said drum is geared to
the slide of a conical governor, and so the drum will adjust the angles at which the
blades of the working wheel are placed relatively to the direction in which the water
passes through.
In order to make the engine more sensitive to the action of the governor, the axis
of rotation formed by the two journals of each blade does not pass through the middle
of the blade but is arranged eccentrically, in consequence whereof the surplus of water
pressure on one side of the axis will always tend to turn the blades, and this tendency
is counterbalanced by weighting the angular lever, which gears the sheet-iron drum
to the slide of the governor.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings shews a longitudinal section of the above
described apparatus; Fig. 2 shews a part front view of the working wheel. Fig. 3 a
front view of the entire apparatus; Fig. 4 shews a development of the relative positions
of the guide blades and working blades at their outer circumference. Figs. 5 and 6
shew two modes of constructing the wheel rims and Fig. 7 shews an arrangement for
transmitting the power.
The two Hoating bodies a are connected together by transverse beams b, on which

page_text: are mounted the bearings for the shaft of the motor. To longitudinal bearers d
supported by b is connected the outer casing e of the guide apparatus E; the inner
casing e' is fixed to the inner edges of the guide blades e².
The water is guided easily into the guide blades by means of the trumpet mouth of
the casing e and the ogival shaped projection of supported at its apex by the shaft c.
The inner flange g of the working wheel G is connected to the outer flange by
several radial connecting picies g³, and is also fixed to the disc g secured by screw
bolts to the boss g³, and stayed by the cone g.
The helical blades g² mounted between the inner and outer rims, have trunnions g
on their outer and inner ends and the trunnions gs are provided with cranks g with
crank pins that take loosely into openings of a drum that rotates with the shaft c
but can be slid longitudinally thereon by means of an elbow lever, whose other arm
is connected to the socket of a governor k driven from shaft e.
As shewn on the drawings, the openings into which the crank pins 10 pass are
formed by fixing a ring h, by means of distance bolts to the drum h¹, which is carried
by a sleeve provided with antifriction rollers to reduce its friction in sliding on
the shaft c.
In order to make the regulation sensitive, the axis g g of the blades does not pass
through the central line of the blades surface, but divides it into two unequal parts,
such that the greater pressure exerted by the water on the one side tends to turn the
blades so as to cause the cranks to push the drum h backward. This tendency is
counterbalanced in the normal position of the blades by an adjustable weight on the
horizontal arm of the lever j.
But as soon as by a disturbance of the required ratio between water pressure and
resistance takes place, the unequal action of this disturbance on the two parts of the
blades will effect the required regulation.
The bearing of the bracket c' at the rear end of the shaft is adjustable in order
that the working wheel may always be adjusted accurately relatively to the guide
wheel.
The transmission of the power from the turbine to the machine to be driven may be
effected partly by toothed gearing and partly by pullies and belts, as at Fig. 1, or
partly by endless chain and partly by belting, as at Fig. 7, the shaft c being made, in
the first case, to drive a way shaft m through a toothed wheel and pinion, and a
pulley m on m being made to transmit the power by a belt, while in the second case
the motion is imparted to the way-shaft by an endless chain passing round the turbine G
itself and round a pitched wheel on the way shaft.
It has been proved by experiment that the above described construction of turbine
with guide blades give about 60 per cent more useful effect than the turbines hitherto
employed without guide blades. The guide blades not only impart to the water
flowing through them a more advantageous direction, but also produces a stemming
of the water which has the effect of nearly doubling the natural fall. In particular
the arrangement of the guide wheel with trumpet mouthed outer casing e and ogival
shaped centre boss forming an angular ring of decreasing area towards the guide
blades, is very effective in this respect.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to he performed I declare that what I claim is:-
1. The construction of stream turbines consisting of an axial turbine wheel
having its axis placed in the direction of the stream, and which is immersed to a
greater or less depth in the water, in combination with a fixed guide wheel E having
an ogival shaped contre boss surrounding the turbine shaft and a funnel or trumpet
mouthed extension on its outer casing e, whereby the water is more or less stemmed
on its way to the turbine wheel, thus increasing the fall, substantially as herein
described.
2. In a stream turbine constructed as set forth in the first claim, the use of blades
for the turbine wheel that can turn upon a radial axis carried by the outer and inner

page_text: rims of the wheel, the inner end of such axis being provided with a crank whose pin
takes into a hole in a drum that can be slid longitudinally on the turbine shaft by
means of a governor, so that with an increase or decrease of either the water pressure,
or the resistance, the position of the blades is adjusted so as to maintain a uniformi
speed of rotation, substantially as herein described.
3. In a stream turbine constructed as set forth in the preceding claims, arranging
the axis of the turbine blades excentrically relatively to their surface, the tendency of
the water pressure to turn them out of their normal position and thereby to push the
drum holding their cranks backwards being counteracted by a balance weight on
the lever that connects the said drum with the governor, substantially as herein
described.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicants.