IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS, PART OF THESE IMPROVEMENTS BEING APPLICABLE IN ALL APPARATUS WHERE ELECTRO-MAGNETS ARE EMPLOYED
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Theiler and Meinrad Theiler
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd February 1870.
RICHARD THEILER and MEINRAD THEILER, both of No. 86, Canonbury Road,
Islington, in the County of Middlesex, Telegraph Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS, PART OF THESE IMPROVEMENTS BEING APPLICABLE IN ALL
APPARATUS WHERE ELECTRO-MAGNETS ARE EMPLOYED."
Our first improvement consists in the novel construction of a magnetic armature
and its combination with an electro-magnet, whereby the electro-motive force
created by an electric current is thoroughly utilized. The magnetic armature may
be made either of soft iron, or of hardened & magnetised steel. In the former
case it is magnetised by induction from a steel or permanent electro-magnet, in
the latter case the inducing magnet is dispensed with. When the armature is
made of soft iron its construction is as follows:-Two light tongues or bars of soft
iron are mounted on a pivotted axle or are suspended on a thread or wire, their flat
sides faceing each other and kept a certain distance apart by a short piece of brass
or other non-magnetic substance to which the said tongues or bars are fixed in the
middle of their length. This armature ressembles therefore a kind of double tuning
fork. The length of these tongues or bars is dependant on the distance the electro-
magnet cores are placed from each other, and the amount of space between the
prongs of the forks depends on the diameter of the said cores. The armature is
magnetised by an inducing magnet in such a manner that each tongue or bar has
the same polarity at both extremities, the polarity of one tongue being however
opposite to that of the other. When the armature is made of hardened and
magnetised steel each tongue or bar is bent into a fork, thereby bringing the two &
opposite poles of each tongue near one another. Now, if an electro-magnet with its
cores protruding somewhat through the coils is placed in such a manner that its
poles are inside the forks of the above-described armature, any electric current passing
through the coils of the electro-magnet will exercise a quadruple influence upon the
said armature. The pole of the electro-magnet will repell the pole and attract
the pole of that side of the armature; the + pole of the electro-magnet per-
forming the same double function at the same time on the other side or extremity of
the armature. Sometimes we let each tongue or bar turn on a separate instead of
ou a common centre. In that case we induce the bars or tongues with the same

page_text: magnetic polarity and screw the other pole of the inducing magnet to the sole of
the electro-magnet.
Our second improvement consists in the novel construction of an electric tele-
graph apparatus, writing or printing by the action of the electric current upon
certain chemical solutions. In these electro-chemical telegraphs the paper is
generally steeped into this solution days before being used so as to get it of an uniform
wetness. This process is very troublesome and wet paper is very easily torn while
runuing through the apparatus and moreover corrodes and tarnishes all the metal
parts of the machine coming in contact with the wet paper. To obviate all this, we
This dry
steep the paper in the chemical solution and dry it again before using it.
paper is then moistened while it runs through the apparatus by a sponge or other
suitable means in connection with a reservoir filled with water, spirit, or any other
liquid which will dissolve the chemicals contained in the paper. Or the reservoir
may contain the chemical solution itself. If the paper is moistened with spirits or
spirituous solution, or other highly evaporative liquid, the paper will get dry again
very quickly.