IMPROVEMENTS IN AIR AND WATER MOTORS, AND IN METHODS OF EMPLOYING THE SAME FOR THE COMPRESSION OF AIR AND IN VESSELS TO THE PROPULSION OF WHICH SUCH MOTORS ARE APPLIED
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents, 66,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AIR AND WATER MOTORS, AND IN METHODS OF
EMPLOYING THE SAME FOR THE COMPRESSION OF AIR AND IN VESSELS TO
THE PROPULSION OF WHICH SUCH MOTORS ARE APPLIED." A communication
from abroad by Benjamin Talbot Babbitt, of the City and State of New York,
United States of America.
Sealed the 23rd September 1879, and dated the 21st May 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Edward Newton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st May 1879.
HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AIR AND WATER
MOTORS, AND IN METHODS OF EMPLOYING THE SAME FOR THE COMPRESSION OF
AIR, AND IN VESSELS TO THE PROPULSION OF WHICH SUCH MOTORS ARE APPLIED."
[A communication from abroad by Benjamin Talbot Babbitt, of the City and State
of New York, United States of America.]
This Invention relates to rotary motors to be propelled by air or water, and
consists of a rotary bucket wheel having one or more exhaust apertures in its sides
or ends, and a series of stationary deflectors arranged to surround or enclose this
wheel. The bucket wheel which may be mounted either on a vertical or horizontal
axis, and the deflectors are arranged within an air or water receiver, which is con-
structed with an open front and closed back to direct the air or water all around
the wheel, and to conduct the air or water to and through the deflectors on to the
wheel for the purpose of advantageously utilizing the propelling force of the wind
or water on the wheel. The Invention has for one of its objects the storing of
power by compressing air through the agency of the wind. The air receiver which
with the bucket wheel and deflectors is mounted on a rotating platform is provided
with a vane, by which it may be rotated by the wind, and has exhaust apertures
in it at right angles or thereabouts to its inouth. The wind or bucket wheel is
arranged to rotate within the cowl, and is provided with oblique arms or wings at
its ends within the exhaust apertures of the cowl, which serves with the series of
fixed deflectors within the cowl and surrounding the bucket wheel, the purpose of
rD1071

page_text: conducting the incoming air or wind on to the wheel, whereby a very full
utilization of the force of the wind is obtained.
One or more air compressing pumps actuated by said wheel are also mounted on
the rotating platform with the cowl, so that the same relative positions of said
parts under all changes in direction of the wind will be maintained. The platform
is arranged to rotate about an upright axis consisting of a perforated hollow
stationary centre shaft. A cylinder or stuffing box attached to rotating platform
encloses the perforated hollow centre shaft, and pipes connecting the air pumps with
the cylinder or stuffing box to conduct the air as compressed by the puinps to the
cylinder are provided as well as an outlet or discharge pipe for the compressed air
from the hollow perforated supporting shaft.
The platform may be supported on rollers placed at intervals round the platform,
so that all strain on the hollow central shaft may be removed.
If preferred, the rotating cowl capable of self adjustment to the wind, and the
wind or bucket wheel may be arranged to independently rotate about or around an
upright or vertical axis or shaft. In this case the series of deflectors will be
upright, and motion will be communicated to the air compressing pumps by a shaft
arranged at right angles to the vertical shaft, and driven by gear wheels connected
to the bucket wheel axis. The air compressing pumps have a fixed relation with
the cowl, and are provided with a discharge pipe for the compressed air common to
the several pumps.
As a modification of the above, the rotating cowl capable of self adjustment to
the wind may be fitted to a stationary wind chest or chamber in open communi-
cation with said cowl, to receive the wind as conducted by the latter, and the wind
or bucket wheel may be enclosed with its series of stationary deflectors within the
stationary chamber.
The stationary wind chest or chamber may have one or more exhaust outlets
in its sides or ends, and the bucket wheel shaft may carry one or more cranks,
to which may be attached the piston rods of one or more air compressing pumps.
In adapting this Invention to a locomotive engine and its boiler, the wind or
air receiver with the wind wheel and adjuncts may be arranged in front of the
boiler. The wind or air receiver is preferably provided with exhaust apertures
at its sides or ends, and the air encountered by the resistance of the locomotive
while in motion is conducted to the wheel for the purpose of rotating the latter
and thereby operating one or more air compressing pumps, which will supply a
forced blast of air to the furnace of the boiler of the engine, or to the cars in
rear of the locomotive to effect their ventilation, or for any other purpose for which
a supply of compressed air may be required.
In adapting this Invention to ships or vessels, a compartment open at its front
and having exhaust apertures in its sides, and a water or bucket wheel enclosed
within it and preferably surrounded by deflectors to conduct the water on to said
wheel is placed in the forward part of the vessel under water. A series of
deflectors in either side of this compartment is provided, and these deflectors are set
inclining backwardly in an outward direction relatively to the hull of the vessel, to
provide for clearance from the sides of the vessel of the water which passes through
said wheel.
In combination with the elements last cited there may be a screw propeller shaft
having a screw on it for propelling the vessel, and this shaft is connected by
gearing with the bucket wheel within the submerged compartment of the vessel.
A wind wheel mounted upon the vessel and actuating one or more air com-
pressing pumps, connected with a compressed air receiver for storing the compressed
air wherewith to drive an engines in connection with a propellor shaft, may be
employed in addition to the submerged water wheel. Thus, the wind wheel will
serve to store power to propel the vessel, while the water wheel will assist in
reducing the resistance encountered by the vessel in its passage through the water.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Henry Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st
November 1879.
HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AIR AND WATER
MOTORS, AND IN METHODS OF EMPLOYING THE SAME FOR THE COMPRESSION OF
AIR, AND IN VESSELS TO THE PROPULSION OF WHICH SUCH MOTORS ARE APPLIED."
A communication from abroad by Benjamin Talbot Babbitt, of the City and State
of New York, United States of America.
This Invention relates in part to rotary motors to be propelled by air or
water, and consists, first, in a combination of a rotary bucket wheel, having one or
more exhaust apertures in its sides or ends, a circular series of stationary deflectors
arranged to surround or enclose said wheel, and an air or water receiver, having
said bucket wheel and deflectors arranged within it, and constructed with an open
front, and closed back to direct the air or water all around said wheel, and to
conduct the same to and through said deflectors on to said wheel for the purpose of
advantageously utilizing the propelling force of the wind or water on the wheel.
The Invention, which has for one of its objects the storing of power by compressing
air through the agency of the wind, consists, secondly, in a wind motor composed
of a cowl capable of rotation by the wind, and having exhaust apertures in it at
right angles or thereabouts to its mouth, a wind or bucket wheel arranged to
rotate within said cowl, and provided with oblique arms or wings at its ends
within the exhaust apertures of the cowl, and a circular series of fixed de-
flectors within the cowl, and surrounding the bucket wheel for the purpose of
conducting the incoming air or wind on to the wheel, whereby a very ill
utilization of the force of the wind is obtained. Thirdly. The Invention consists in
a combination of a cowl or air receiver capable of adjustment by the wind, a wind
or bucket wheel arranged to rotate within said cowl, one or more air compressing
pumps actuated by said wheel, and a rotating platform having said cowl and pump
or pumps secured to it for circular adjustment or rotation collectively by the action
of the wind or the cowl, thus retaining the same relative positions of said parts
under all changes in direction of the wind. Fourthly. The Invention consists in a
combination of a platform arranged to rotate about an upright axis, a cowl, wind
or air receiver fast on said platform, a wind or bucket wheel within said cowl
arranged to rotate about a horizontal axis, pumps operated by said wheel and
carried by the rotating platform, a perforated hollow stationary centre shaft sup-
porting said platforin, together with the cowl, wheel, and pumps mounted thereon,
a cylinder or stuffing-box attached to said platform and enclosing said perforated
hollow centre shaft, pipes connecting said puups with said cylinder or stuffing-box
to conduct the air as compressed by the pumps to said cylinder, and an outlet or
discharge pipe for the compressed air from said hollow perforated supporting shaft.
Fifthly. The Invention consists in a combination of platform supporting rollers with
the perforated hollow stationary centre supporting shaft above mentioned, and the
herein before named rotating platform, the cowl, and air compressing pumps, with
their connections carried by said platform, and the rotating wind or bucket wheel
within the cowl. Sixthly. The Invention consists in a combination of a rotating
cowl capable of self adjustment to the wind, a wind or bucket-wheel arranged to
independently rotate about or around an upright axis or shaft common to said
cowl, a series of upright deflectors attached to the cowl and enclosing said wheel to
conduct the wind as received by the cowl onto the buckets of said wheel, and
mechanism applied to said wheel for communicating motion from the latter.
Seventhly. The Invention consists in a combination of a rotating cowl capable of
self adjustment to the wind, a wind or bucket wheel arranged within said cowl to
rotate about or around the same axis as the cowl, a stationary upright shaft

page_text: around which both the bucket wheel and cowl are free to rotate, a rotating shaft
arranged at right angles to said stationary shaft, and deriving its motion by gears
from the bucket wheel, air compressing pumps operated by said rotating shaft, and
having a fixed relation with the cowl, and a discharge pipe for the compressed air
common to the several pumps. Eighthly. The Invention consists in a combination
of a rotating cowl capable of self adjustment to the wind, a stationary wind chest
or chamber in open communication with said cowl to receive the wind as conducted
by the latter, a rotating wind or bucket wheel within said chamber, and a series of
stationary deflectors enclosing said wheel, and conducting the wind as received by
said chamber on to said wheel to rotate it. Ninthly. The Invention consists in a
combination of a rotating cowl capable of self adjustment to the wind, a stationary
wind chest or chamber in open communication with said cowl to receive the wind
as conducted by the latter, and having one or more exhaust outlets in its sides or
ends, a rotating wind or bucket wheel within said chamber for operation by the
wind passing through the latter, a series of stationary deflectors enclosing said
wheel to conduct the wind on to the wheel, a shaft carrying the latter, one or more
cranks on said shaft, and one or more air compressing pumps actuated by said
cranks. Tenthly. The Invention consists in a combination with a locomotive
engine and its boiler of a wind or air receiver arranged in front of said boiler, a
wind or bucket wheel arranged to rotate within said receiver, and preferably pro-
vided with exhaust apertures at its sides or ends, and with a circular series of fixed
deflectors around said wheel for conducting the air encountered by the resistance
of the locomotive while in motion to said wheel for the purpose of rotating the
latter, one or more air compressing pumps operated by said wheel, and a com-
pressed air receiver supplied with compressed air by said pump or pumps, whereby
a forced blast and free supply of air may be supplied to the furnace of the boiler
of said engine, or to the cars in rear of the locomotive to effect their ventilation, or
for any other purpose for which a supply of compressed air may be required.
Eleventhly. The Invention consists in the combination with a vessel having a sub-
merged forward compartment open at its front, and having exhaust apertures in its
sides, a water or bucket wheel within said compartment, and preferably surrounded
by deflectors to conduct the water on to said wheel, and a series of deflectors in
either side of said compartments set, inclining backwardly in an outward direction
relatively to the hull of the vessel to provide for clearance from the sides of the
vessel of the water which passes through said wheel. Twelfthly. The Invention
consists in a combination with the elements last cited of a screw propeller shaft
having a screw on it for propelling the vessel, and gearing connecting said shaft
with the bucket wheel within the submerged compartment of the vessel; and it
further consists in a combination with a vessel of a wind wheel mounted thereon,
one or more air compressing pumps actuated by said wheel, a compressed air
receiver for storing the compressed air, an engine actuated by the air drawn from
said receiver, a screw propeller and propeller shaft connected by gearing with said
engine, a submerged compartment in the forward end of the vessel open at its front,
and having exhaust apertures in its sides, a submerged bucket or water wheel
within said compartment geared with said propeller shaft, and a series of deflectors
in either side of said compartment constructed to pass the water from the submerged
wheel in said compartment laterally outwards in a backwardly direction relatively
to the hull of the vessel, whereby not only the wind wheel stores power to propel
the vessel, but the water wheel assists in reducing the resistance encountered by
the vessel in its passage through the water.
In the accompanying Drawings, Fig. 1 represents a side elevation of a motor
constructed in accordance with the Invention, and as arranged for propulsion by
the wind for the purpose of compressing air; Fig. 2 is a vertical section on the
line y, y, in Fig. 3, which latter is a further vertical section in a plane at right
angles to Fig. 2 on the line x, x; Fig. 4 is a vertical section of a modified con-
struction of the motor as arranged for operation by the wind for the purpose of
compressing air; and Fig. 5,. a horizontal section of the same on the line z, z, in

page_text: Fig. 4; Fig. 6 is a central vertical section of another modification of the wind
motor and means for compressing air in accordance with the Invention; Fig. 7
represents a partly broken or sectional side elevation of a locomotive engine and
its boiler with the Invention applied; Fig. 8 represents an irregular vertical
longitudinal section of a vessel having the Invention applied, and Fig. 9 a half
sectional plan of the same.
Referring in the first instance, or more particularly so to Figures 1, 2, and 3 of
the Drawings, A is a cowl mounted on a platform B made capable of turning in
common with the cowl about a vertical axis by the action of the wind upon a
vane C attached to the cowl, and whereby the latter is automatically adjusted to
face the wind. Attached to the underside of the platform B is a cylinder or stuffing
box B that receives up within it a stationary perforated hollow shaft E constructed
to form a ፡፡
centre" for the platform together with the cowl and certain other parts
or devices, as hereinafter described to turn upon. Rollers b, b, arranged beneath the
platform in proximity to its outer margin also serve to serve to steady and support
the platform and its superincumbent load.
The cowl A has a wide or flaring mouth to catch the wind, but is of curved or
partially cylindrical form at its back.
Arranged to freely rotate within the cowl A is a wind or bucket wheel G having
a horizontal shaft c. Surmounting this wheel is a series of tangentially arranged
deflectors H close to the inner ends of which the outer edges of the buckets of the
wheel G work. These deflectors are carried by the cowl A and are stationary in
relation with the bucket wheel, and at a suitable distance from the curved back of
the cowl to cause the wind or air as it rushes into the cowl, or such portion of said
air as strikes said back, to be turned back and to be directed by the deflectors H
against the wheel G to assist in rotating the latter. The cowl by reason of its
shape also provides for the air collecting within it, being generally distributed by
the deflectors H all around the wheel, so as to act upon the several buckets thereof,
to rotate the wheel in a given direction. After the air has performed its duty on the
bucket of the wheel Git is exhausted or passed off by apertures d in the sides of
the cowl at right angles to the mouth of the latter and in concentric relation with
the wheel G. These exhaust apertures d are partially closed by the circular ends
or rims of the wheel G, and by bevilled or oblique arms or wings e at the ends of
the wheel, against which wings the air in passing off from the interior of the wheel
act and assists in the rotation of the wheel, thus contributing to the profitable
utilization of the wind entering and collecting within the cowl, and acting first
upon the buckets of the wheel Ğ.
Attached to the shaft c of the wheel G are cranks f which serve to give motion
by means of rods to the plungers of a pair of air compressing pumps I, I, carried
by the platform B, and which connect by pipes with the cylinder or stuffing
box D, whereby the air compressed by said pumps is delivered through the perforated
hollow shaft E, and from thence by one or more branch pipes g into a reservoir to be
utilized as required, thus making available the force of the wind regardless of its
changes in direction to accumulate a motive agent or supply of compressed air for
whatever purpose it may be required.
In the apparatus which has just been described it will be seen that the pumps"
which compress the air, the wheel which gives motion to the pumps, and the cowl
all rotate together about an upright axis as the position of the cowl is changed by
the changing direction of the wind, thus retaining the same relative positions of
the cowl, wheel, and pumps at all times.
Figures 4 and 5 illustrate a modified construction of a similar apparatus to that
shewn in Figures 1, 2, and 3 for storing power by compressing air through the
agency of the wind, but shewing a different combination of the wind or bucket
wheel, and of the deflectors enclosing said wheel with the cowl and mechanism for
communicating motion from the wheel, likewise a different combination with said
parts of the air compressing pumps which are stationary. Thus in Figures 4 and 5

page_text: the platform B is stationary, and erected thereon is a stationary upright shaft B'
about which the cowl A is free to rotate to adjust itself to the wind. The wind or
bucket wheel G too, instead of being arranged to rotate about a horizontal axis, is
fitted to independently rotate about the upright dead spindle or shaft B³, or around
the same axis as that of the cowl, and the stationary deflectors H have each an
upright position within the cowl. Furthermore, the wind wheel G has attached to
its hub a bevil wheel J which gears with a bevil wheel J¹ fast on a horizontal shaft
K which is free to rotate in one or more fixed bearings, and which has secured to it
a crank L that by means of rods M, M, reciprocates simultaneously in opposite
directions the pistons or plungers of the air compressing pumps I, I, which have a
fixed rotation with the cowl, or are stationary on the platform B where they will be
readily accessible for repairs, and which are connected by a bent pipe g and general
outlet branch g¹ with a reservoir that receives the compressed air from pumps to be
utilized as required.
In Fig. 6, which represents still another modification of the apparatus herein-
before described for storing power by compressing air through the agency of the
wind, the wind or bucket wheel G and its stationary surrounding deflectors H. are
arranged within a stationary wind chest or chamber D', which is in open com-
munication with the rotating or self adjusting cowl A, and arranged to rotate about
or over a receiving opening 62, which conducts the wind as received by the cowl
to the stationary wind chest or chambers D¹ for action through the deflectors H on
the wheel G. The shaft c of said wheel is preferably but not necessarily horizon-
tally arranged, and has secured on it oppositely set cranks (one only, J2, being here
shewn) for operating the pistons or plungers of two air compressing pumps, one of
which I is shewn. These pumps, which by means of a pipe or pipes g force com-
pressed air into a suitable reservoir for use as required, do not rotate with the
cowl A, but have a fixed relation thereto, and are stationary in common with the
wind chamber D¹, which contains the bucket wheel on the stationary base or plat-
form B. Fig. 7 of the Drawing shows an attachment to a locomotive engine, in
which a wind or bucket wheel G surrounded by a circular series of tangentially
arranged stationary deflectors H within a stationary wind or air receiver A³, sub-
stantially as herein-before described, is arranged in front of a locomotive engine
for the purpose of storing compressed air while the engine is in motion within a
reservoir, from which a supply of the air is taken to keep up a forced blast and
free supply of oxygen to the furnace of the boiler of engine, or for supplying a
blast to ventilate one or more cars in rear of the locomotive, or for any other pur-
pose for which a supply of compressed air may be required. To these or other
ends the wind or air receiver A³ in front of the boiler B of the engine, which
latter is provided with the usual or any suitable working cylinders C³, and driving
and running wheels D³, D*, serves to catch the air encountered by the resistance
of the locomotive while in motion, and to cause the air to rotate the wind or bucket
wheel G. Exhaust apertures 63 in the ends of the wheel G and sides of the
receiver A³ serve to pass off the air after it has performed its duty on said wheel,
the shaft of which is preferably horizontally arranged, and has fitted on it
cranks ɖ³ that may be set at right angles with each other, and that by means of
connecting rods e³ serve to derive the plungers of a pair of air compressing pumps.
on opposite sides of the engine. The air as compressed by these pumps is delivered
by pipes f3 into a compressed air receiver J³, from whence the compressed air may
be taken as required for any or all of the several purposes hereinbefore named,
including the furnishing of a forced blast and free supply of oxygen to the furnace
to promote the combustion of the fuel in the furnace and consumption of its smoke;
also including the introduction of air under pressure to the boiler to act conjointly
with the steam in the latter as a motive agent on the pistons of the cylinders of
the engine.
I
Referring in the next instance to Figures 8 and 9 of the Drawings, N is the hull
of a ship or vessel, which is made with a front compartment O, open at its forward

page_text: end and sides 12, 12, below the water level. Arranged transversely of the vessel
is a horizontal shaft c², having secured to it a bucket wheel G³ within the compart-
ment O. Surrounding or enclosing the bucket wheel is a circular series of deflectors
E2, which serve to direct the water entering through the open front 2 on to the
buckets of the wheels G² to rotate the latter, the resistance of the water when the
vessel is moving forwards assisting in such action. The water after striking the
buckets passes into the interior of the wheel, and is exhausted through the open
ends of the latter, and from thence passes out through or between a series of upright
deflectors E3 in the open sides 12 of the compartment O. These deflectors E³ are
set inclining outwardly and backwardly on either side of the vessel to give a ready
clearance for the water entering the compartment O after it has performed its duty
of rotating or keeping up the rotation of the bucket wheel G². Fast on the shaft
c of said bucket wheel G2 are cranks f2, which give motion by means of rods g²
and cranks 2 to a cross counter shaft m³, on which is a bevil wheel n² that gears
with a bevil wheel o² upon a propeller shaft r², which has secured to it in the stern
of the vessel a screw propeller P.
Mounted on the submerged compartment O at a suitable elevation above the
surface of the water is a stationary circular frame or series of vertically arranged
deflectors E, having within it or them a wind or bucket wheel G fast on an upright
shaft s. The wind, from whichever direction it may blow, is introduced through
the deflectors E to the wheel G to rotate it, and after having performed its duty
on the wheel escapes through the open ends of the latter, as in the wind motors
herein before described. The wind wheel G, as also the submerged water bucket
wheel G, may however be of any desired construction.
I, I, are air compressing pumps which may be arranged on opposite sides of the
axis of the wind wheel G; the pistons of the pumps are driven by the wheel G, as
for instance by rods u² connecting them with a crank v fast on the shaft s² of said
wheel. These pumps, as the wheel G is rotated by the wind, serve to keep a
receiver in the hold of the vessel or elsewhere supplied with compressed air,
which is conducted to it from the pumps by a pipe w
R is a rotary engine of any suitable construction. This engine, which is driven
by compressed air supplied to it by a pipe a² from the receiver Q, has its
shaft geared with the propeller shaft r2 by a pinion 62 and spur wheel d² or
otherwise.
By the action of the wind wheel G the receiver Q is kept supplied and
replenished with compressed air to start and keep the engine R running, which
engine in its turn drives the propeller P, and when the vessel is under headway,
the water wheel G2 being also geared with the propeller shaft and being within
the submerged compartment O, assists in relieving the forward end of the vessel
of the dead resistance, and aids in the propulsion of the vessel, the water which
enters between the deflectors E2 passing out at an angle on either side of the
vessel through or between the deflectors E3 in the sides of the said compartment
towards the rear of the vessel, but away from its sides.
Having now set forth the nature of this Invention of "Improvements in Air
and Water Motors, and in Methods of Employing the same for the Compression of
Air, and in Vessels, to the Propulsion of which such Motors are Applied," as
communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, and explained the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that under the above in
part recited Letters Patent, I claim,--
First. The combination of a rotating bucket wheel having one or more exhaust
apertures in its sides or ends, a circular series of stationary deflectors arranged to
surround or enclose said wheel, and an air or water receiver having said bucket
wheel and deflectors arranged within it, and constructed with an open front and
closed back to pass the air or water all around said wheel, and to conduct the
same to and through said deflectors on its said wheel, substantially as shewn and
described.
Secondly. The combination of a rotating cowl capable of self adjustment to the

page_text: wind, and having exhaust apertures in it at right angles or thereabouts to its
mouth; a wind or bucket wheel arranged to rotate within said cowl, and provided
with bevelling or oblique arms or wings at its ends within the exhaust apertures
of the cowl, and a circular series of fixed deflectors within the cowl and sur-
rounding the bucket wheel, substantially as described and shewn in Figures 1, 2,
and 3 of the Drawings.
Thirdly. The combination of a cowl or air receiver capable of adjustment by the
wind, a wind or bucket wheel arranged to rotate within said cowl, one or more
air compressing pumps actuated by said wheel, and a rotating platform having said
cowl and pump or pumps secured to it for circular adjustment or rotation collectively
by the action of the wind on the cowl, essentially as described and shewn in
Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the Drawings.
Fourthly. The combination, substantially as shewn in Figures 1, 2, and 3, of the
platform B arranged to rotate about an upright axis, the cowl A fast on said
platform, the wind or bucket wheel G arranged to rotate about a horizontal axis,
the pumps I operated by said wheel and carried by the rotating platform B, the
cylinder or stuffing box D attached to said platform, the perforated hollow sta-
tionary centre supporting shaft E, the pipes h connecting the pumps with the
cylinder D, and the outlet or pipe g for the compressed air, essentially as
described.
Fifthly. The platform supporting rollers b, b, in combination with the perforated
hollow stationary centre supporting shaft E, the cylinder and stuffing box D, the
platform B, the cowl A, the wind wheel G, and the air compressing pumps I with
their connections, substantially as described and shewn in Figs. 1, 2, and 3 of the
Drawings.
Sixthly. The combination of a rotating cowl capable of self adjustment to the
wind, a wind or bucket wheel arranged to independently rotate about or around an
upright axis or shaft common to said cowl, a series of upright deflectors attached
to the cowl and enclosing said wheel and mechanism applied to said wheel for
communicating motion from the latter, substantially as specified.
Seventhly. The combination, substantially as described and shewn in Figures 4
and 5 of the Drawings, of the rotating cowl A, the wind or bucket wheel G, the
stationary upright shaft B' around which said wheel rotates, the shaft K deriving
its motion from the bucket wheel, the crank L, the air compressing pumps I, I,
having a fixed relation with the cowl and the discharge pipe g.
Eighthly. The combination of a rotating cowl capable of self adjustment to the
wind, a stationary wind chest or chamber in open communication with said cowl
mounted on said chamber, a rotary wind or bucket wheel within said chamber,
and a series of stationary deflectors enclosing said wheel, substantially as described
and shewn in Fig. 6 of the Drawings.
Ninthly. The combination, substantially as shewn in Fig. 6 of the Drawings,
of the rotating cowl A, the stationary wind chamber D¹ having an inlet aperture
b² establishing communication between said cowl and said chamber, and one or
more exhaust outlets d in its sides or ends, the wind or bucket wheel G arranged
to rotate within said chamber, the stationary deflectors H, the wheel shaft c, one
or more cranks J, and one or more air compressing pumps I.
Tenthly. The combination with a locomotive engine and its boiler of a wind or
air receiver arranged in front of said boiler, and having a fixed relation thereto, a
wind or bucket wheel arranged to rotate within said receiver, one or more air
compressing pumps operated by said wheel, and a compressed air receiver supplied
with compressed air by said pump or pumps, substantially as specified with
reference to Figure 7 of the Drawings.
Eleventhly. The combination with a vessel of a submerged bucket wheel, a
circular series of deflectors surrounding said wheel, a compartment at the forward
end of the vessel, within which said wheel is submerged, having an open front and
exhaust apertures in its sides, and a series of deflectors in either side of said
compartment, constructed to, pass the water from the wheel laterally, outwards in a

page_text: backwardly direction relatively to the hull of the vessel, substantially as specified
with reference to Figures 8 and 9 of the Drawings.
Twelfthly. The combination of the submerged bucket wheel G2, the surrounding
circular series of deflectors E2, the submerged compartment O open at its sides and
front, the side deflectors E³, the screw propeller shaft, the screw propeller P, and
gearing connecting said shaft with the bucket wheel G2, essentially as described
and shewn in Figures 8 and 9 of the Drawings.
Thirteenthly. The combination with a vessel, substantially as shewn in Figures &
and 9, of a wind wheel G, a submerged bucket or water wheel G2, the submerged
forward compartment O, open at its front and sides, the deflectors E3 in the sides of
said compartiment, one or more air compressing pumps I or I¹ operated by said wind
wheel, the compressed air receiver Q, a compressed air engine Ŕ deriving its motion
from the air in said receiver, the propeller P, and mechanism gearing said water
wheel, engine, and propeller.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Edward Newton, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Twenty first day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.
H. E. NEWTON. (L.S.)