IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING TUFTED FABRICS, CHIEFLY USED FOR CARPETS, RUGS, AND ARTICLES
Year: 1881

page_text: $8
LETTERS PATENT to William Morgan-Brown, Patent Agent, of 38, Southampton
Buildings, London, for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING TUFTED FABRICS, CHIEFLY USED FOR CARPETS, RUGS, AND ARTICLES
A communication from abroad by George Crompton, of
OF THAT KIND,"
Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Morgan-Brown at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th April 1881.
WILLIAM MORGAN-BROWN, Patent Agent, of 38, Southampton Buildings, London.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING TUFTED FABRICS, CHIEFLY USED FOR
CARPETS, RUGS, AND ARTICLES OF THAT KIND." [A communication from abroad
by George Crompton, of Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America.]
This Invention relates to improvements in that class of looms described in
English Patent, No. 2095, July 11th, 1872, designed for weaving tufted fabrics,
chiefly used for carpets, rugs, and articles of that kind.
The tufted fabric if a carpet will be of the class denominated moquette, wherein
the separate tufts composing the fabric are locked about a tufting weft instead of
about the warp, as in Axminster carpets.
The improvements herein described have for their object to simplify and improve
the mechanical construction of that class of looms wherein needles are employed
for the introduction of the tufts between the warp threads and about the weft, my
object being to cheapen the construction of the mechanism, simplify the working
parts, make them more durable and certain in operation, and increase the speed at
which the loom may be run practically.
This Invention in looms for weaving tufted fabrics consists in two endless chains
composed of links located below the warps, and having open bearings and flanges
and chain wheels and means to move them and the said chains intermittingly,
leaving the bearings uncovered just below the warps, combined with a series of
carriages provided with journals to enter the said open bearings, and to be held

page_text: down therein at times by the said flanges, and with a series of eye pointed needles
and tuft yarn spools carried by the said carriages.
Also in a loom for weaving tufted fabrics a series of carriages, needles, and yarn
holding spools, and two endless carriage carrying chains having links provided
with open bearings and covering flanges, combined with the two short shafts having
at their inner ends chain wheels constructed, as hereinafter described, to open the
links of the chains at their joints, and uncover the journals of the carriages
pivoted upon the said chains, the said carriages being adapted to remain in upright
position, and cross or pass the centres of the said short shafts when moved by the
chains.
Also in two endless chains a series of carriages pivoted thereon, and needles and
tuft yarn spools connected with the carriages, chain wheels to support the said
chains and open their links at their joints to uncover the journals of the said
carriages, and means to move the said chain wheels intermittingly, combined with
lifter guides and lifters thereon to engage the journals of the carriages, and
with means to reciprocate the said lifters to lift the said carriages from the
said chains, and again replace them in the chains below the warp.
Also in two endless chains a series of carriages pivoted thereon, and needles
and tuft yarn spools connected with the carriages, and chain wheels to support the
said chains and open their links at their joints to uncover the journals of the said
carriages, and means to move the said chain wheels intermittingly, combined with
lifter guides and lifters thereon to engage the journals of the carriages, and with
means to reciprocate the said lifters to lift the said carriages from the said chains
and again replace them in the said chains below the warp, and with means to
vibrate the lifters and the carriages about a horizontal axis.
Also in a loom for weaving tufted fabrics two endless chains and a series of
tufting carriages, eye pointed needles, and spools carried thereby, and means to
support and move the said chains intermittingly in front of the lay under the warps
as described, the said chains being extended into a pit or room below the loom
frame, or the floor on which the loom stands, to thus enable the space between the
loom sides at the rear of the lay to be made available for the reception of other
working parts of the loom.
Also in two endless tuft carriage carrying chains, short shafts, chain-wheels, a
cross shaft and gearing between the said cross, and short shafts combined with star
and pin wheel, and means to operate the pin wheel, whereby the said chains are
actuated intermittingly at a variable speed.
Also in a shaft to impart movement to the shed forming devices, endless tuft-
carriage carrying-chains, a shaft and intermediate connections to operate the said
chains intermittingly from the said shaft, combined with a clutch to disconnect
the said two shafts, to permit the shaft and the parts which move the said chains
to be operated while the shaft which imparts movement to the shed-forming devices
remains at rest.
Also in a loom for weaving tufted fabrics, the loom frame, a series of harness-
frames, a seriers of heddle-levers, and a series of connections between the heddle-
levers and harness-frames, adapted to pull both ends of the harness-frames up to
lift the warps, or both ends down to lower the warps, combined with two endless
chains, a series of connected tufting carriages, needles, and spools, and with means
to move the said chains and carriages intermittingly, the said chains and carriages
being adapted to travel vertically in front of the lay, and to descend into a pit or
room below the loom frame.
Also in a loom for weaving tufted fabrics, needle-bolding plates grooved, as
described, to space the needles, combined with the needles attached to the said
plates in the said grooves.
Also in tufting carriage having grooved cross-bar, as described, combined with
the sectional needle-holding plates and attached needles.
Also in combination the chains composed of the links having flanges, and of
other links having open bearings, the carriages mounted on the said chains, and

page_text: provided with studs or projections, combined with guides to receive the said studs
and maintain the said carriages in upright position, and with means to move the
said chains.
Also in a weft-carrying needle and carriage for it, a carriage guide-way, and
means to move the carriage thereon, a sleeve to which the backing-weft thread,
and a rod to support the sleeve at certain times, combined with a latch connected
with the said sleeve and adapted to be engaged with the carriage, or with a
projection on the said bearing to permit the sleeve to be carried forward with the
carriage or to remain at rest.
Also in the backing weft-carrier, its rock-shaft, link, lever arm, and means to
move it, a rod a carriage means to move it, and the latch-holder, combined with
the latch and the spring to engage it with the carriage and with a sleeve and its
guide for the binder-weft.
Also in combination with the tuft-yarn needles, of tuft-yarn depressing
mechanism, and means to move it to depress the tuft-yarns upon the edges of
the needles.
Also in a chain composed of links having open bearings and links having
flangers, the said links being pivotted together by a pivot at the rear of the open
bearing.
The loom-driving or pulley-shaft having its bearing at one end in one of the
loom sides, and its other bearing in a supplemental small end frame is driven
from a belt on a friction or clutch pulley of usual construction, it being thrown
into engagement with or disconnected, is fixed to the said shaft by means of a lever
and link connected with a crank on the rocker-shaft having a hand-lever by which
to move it. When the crank is with the link extended across the centre of rocker
shaft, the pulley parts are held closed together firmly, but without material strain
on the shaft.
A flat spring, and having a depression or recess, engages a projection on one of
the collars of the rocker shaft, and holds it firmly in either of its two positions.
This pulley shaft is provided with a hand wheel by which to turn it by hand,
and with a brake-wheel which is acted upon at its periphery in front of the shaft by
a brake operated by reason of its connection with an arm of the rocker shaft before
referred to, the said brake being applied and the friction or clutch pulleys being
disengaged simultaneously to enable the loom to be stopped instantly, the said
brake being removed as the pulleys are engaged.
This pulley shaft has also a pinion which engages a toothed wheel on and drives the
shaft having a pinion, which in turn engages a toothed wheel on the main cam shaft.
This cam-shaft has a bevel gear which engages a bevel gear on a shaft provided
with a series of cams.
The cam shaft is extended across the loom between the loom sides, and has upon
its opposite end a bevel gear, which engages another bevel gear on a shaft provided
with a series of cams to actuate the series of the heddle-levers pivotted centrally
near the loom-side, and provided at bottom and top with holes for the adjustable
connection therewith of the loops; also provided with holes for the attachment and
adjustment of the harness carding, which extended over the usual sheaves are
connected with the harness-frames at bottom and top, in such manner that the said
frames by the said connections are at times lifted at both ends, and at other times
pulled down at both ends, which causes them to be moved evenly to depress the
warps uniformly.
By means of these loops the heddle-frames may be so adjusted as to insure the
proper depth of shed, and at the same time also insure the formation of the centre
of the warp shed in proper position with relation to the line of reciprocation of the
weft carrying needle to be referred to.
The bevel gear shaft has a bevel gear which engages a bevel gear one half of its
size loose on a short shaft, but held in place by a clutch device or pin.
This short shaft has splinted upon it a pin-wheel, which engages the star-wheel
secured to a shaft extended across the lever in front of the lay, and provided at its

page_text: opposite ends with toothed wheels which engage the pinions on two short but
like shafts, the shafts supported in suitable bearings located within the loom-sides,.
the said gears being however outside the loom frame.
These short shafts have at their inner ends narrow chain-wheels, each of which
receives and moves one of the two similar tufting-carriage moving chains, which, as
hereinafter described, carry the tufting carriages to be referred to.
The chain-wheel is of such size, and the faces of its periphery are so shaped with
relation to the links of the said chains, as to open their joints at the tops of the
wheels, when the wheels are far enough to permit the removal of the carriage
journals therefrom.
The space between the inner sides of the chain-wheels is left unobstructed, so
that the carriages carried by and pivotted upon the said chains may hang down or
remain in upright position, as the said carriages are moved across the centre lines
of the shafts.
The one shaft makes one revolution during the introduction and securing of
each row of the tufts, and the other shaft is operated in unison with it at the
same speed.
The shaft which moves the chains must be moved intermittingly, and but for
one sixth its distance during each complete rotation of shafts, the other cam and
shaft moving the chains must remain at rest long enough after the chains bring
each tufting carriage into position, to permit it to be removed from the bearings in
the said chains preparatory to having its tufting needles projected or raised
between the warps.
The star-wheel derives its intermitting movement from a pin-wheel which
moves twice as fast as the shaft, provided with a series of cams, thus operating the
star wheel quickly and leaving it at rest for the longest possible time, to thus give
the greatest amount of time in which to remove and replace the tufting carriages.
This pin-wheel, splined as described, is embraced by a yoke secured to a slide
bar guided by a stand, the forked end of the said slide bar embracing the cam
shaft, and having a pin which enters a groove in the face of the cam on the said
shaft, the said cam operating a rod at the proper time, withdrawing the pin of the
pin-wheel from the slot of the star-wheel, thus leaving the latter and shaft at rest
until the star-wheel is again engaged by the said pin-wheel.
This arrangement for withdrawing the pin from the star-wheel, and thereby
preventing its movement, every alternate revolution of the pin-wheel is for the
purpose of moving the star-wheel and parts connected to it only once for each
revolution of the shaft's cam, it being so geared as to move two revolutions to one of
the shaft, in order to move the star-wheel and connected parts quickly as before
described.
This pin and star-wheel connection is also of especial advantage, because it
enables said chains to the started slowly and moved rapidly nearly into position,
the movement of the chains being stopped slowly to avoid too great momentum.
When it is desired to turn the chains backward or forward independently by
hand while the other parts of the loom are at rest, a clutch device may be with-
drawn from the gear, and by applying a crank to the squared end of one of the
shafts the latter and its connected train of parts and the chains can be turned
freely in either direction.
In practice these chains will be of greater or lesser length, according to the
length of the pattern in the fabric being woven, as there must be a tuft-carriage and
a series of needles and spools for each row of tufts composing the pattern.
To enable the said chains to be properly moved and contained outside the loom
frame, leaving a free space between the loom sides at the rear of the lay to be
utilized for the harness carding, cam-shaft, it cams, warp-beams for the regular
warps, and the usual warp-rollers, and let-off and tension devices, the said chains
have been extended downward into a pit, or into a room below the floor on which
the loom frame stands.

page_text: The chains are composed of a series of pairs of links pivotted together, there
being a pair of links for each journal of each tufting carriage.
The links have open bearings, and the links have enlarged parts with flanges.
The journals of the tufting carriages are placed in the open bearings, from which
they can be removed when the carriage with its needles is in an uprignt position,
and the chain is bent far enough to remove the flange from above the open
bearings.
When the links are sufficiently straightened to bring the flanges over the
journals in the said bearings, then the journals are held securely in the said.
bearings and travel with the chains.
The journals are provided with annular grooves to fit ribs of the bearings, the
grooves and ribs preventing the said journals from slipping and laterally from the
bearings. Each tufting-carriage, one for each row of tufts in the pattern of the
fabric, has a socketted cross-bar which receives the short sectional plates which are
soldered to the needles, the said plates being removably attached to the said cross-
bar by the screws.
These plates are provided with grooves at one side to correctly space the needles,
and attached by solder as described, a needle on any one sectional plate; the latter
removed from the cross-bar may be readily detached by melting the solder, and a
new needle may be applied to the plate.
Each carriage has bearings to receive the journals of the spools or beams which
hold the tufting-yarns, each spool having a sufficient number of yarns to supply the
series of needles secured to the carriage, the yarns on the same spool being of
different colors arranged in a particular order, according to the colors of the tufts
in the row of tufts to be made from the yarn of a particular spool.
?
The yarns are passed over or about tension rods, and thence upward along the
interior of the needles, and thence out through their eyes. The peripheries of the
heads of the spools are acted upon by flat springs which acts as brakes for the said
spools, th force of the said springs being controlled by adjusting devices or screws.
Each carriage at its outer side has a stud, which, as each carriage approaches its
uppermost position, enters a carriage guide-ways, which act to so maintain or hold
the carriage that its needles will remain in vertical position while the lifting
devices act upon the journals thereof to lift the said carriages from the open
bearings. The descending needles are kept in vertical position by a spring plate
attached to the floor.
The journals of a tuft carriage, when the chains bring a carriage into position, are
acted upon by the carriage lifters (one set at each side of the loom), forked at top,
and fitted to slide vertically on lifter guides which rise from and turn loosely on
short studs which also serve as the pivots of the swords of the lay.
Each guide has joined with its hub an upwardly extended arm, which, at its
upper end, is joined by a link with an arm of a sleeve on a rocker-shaft, a longer
arm of the said sleeve being acted upon by a cam to rock the sleeve and vibrate the
arm and guide and lifter far enough to move the tufting carriage for a sufficient
distance horizontally, to permit the needles to assume in the shed the different
positions.
-
The pin on the arm enters the slot of the lifter and steadies it in its movements.
The lifters are raised and lowered to act upon the journals, and lift a tuft
carriage from the open bearings by means of the links connected with arms of the
rock-shaft before referred to, it having another arm joined by link with the lower
end of a radius bar having a stud or roller acted upon by a cam, the stud or roller
on the said radius-bar being held against the said cam by the weight and its
connected chain.
An adjustable portion of cam acts at proper times to move the lifters to slightly
elevate the carriage held by them, to tighten the tuft yarns about the tuft weft,
and an adjustable portion at other times pulls the carriage down to strain the yarn
about the pile-wire, and draw from the spools sufficient yarn to form another
series of tufts.

page_text: When the journals of a carriage are uncovered, as they will be when the chains
are bent about the chain-wheel, the same journals are prevented from moving up
out of the open bearings by the guides, the latter however having an open space or
bend to permit the journals of the carriage acted upon by the lifters to be raised
above the top of the said guard.
As the carriage is moved over the top of the chain-wheel the pins or studs as
they leave the guide enter a second curved guide located at the rear of the guards,
which continue to keep the needles perpendicular. The arms at their outer sides
near their tops, and just below the points of connection of the links with them, are
provided with lips which engage a guide forming part of the rigid bearing for the
shaft, the said lip and guide preventing movement or vibration of the arms or
lifters cross wise of the loom, which would so move the needles that in rising they
would not always enter between the proper warp threads.
To insure yet greater certainty that the needles in rising always enter between
the proper warp threads, the lay has been provided with gibs, which are fitted to
run snugly against smooth flat surfaces at the inner sides of the loom frame.
As the lifters rise to embrace the journals, sockets attached one to each lifter at
its inner side engage the tufting carriage at its lower ends; and as the lifters raise
the carriage from the chains the springs pass beyond the ends of adjustable cam-
plates secured to the guides, and permit the said springs to move, thrust the
carriage locking device or pins through holes in the sockets, so as to lock the
carriage to the lifters.
There is a lifter and mechanism to operate it at each side of the loom, so as to
engage and lift each end of the tufting carriage.
The cam gives three beats to the lay during each rotation of the cam shaft to
enable the lay to beat up the filling or weft, as will be hereinafter described.
The stuffing warp is taken from the warp beam and extended under the whip-
roll; the stuffing-warp threads are led through the eyes of the heddles in the
narrow harness frame actuated by one of the levers moved in the proper time by
a cam.
The threads of warp are led through the eyes of the heddles in the harness frame
which is moved from the cam, while the threads of the warp are led through the
eyes of the heddles in the harness-frame moved at the proper time by the cam.
The heddle-fraines are twice as thick as frame to assist in separating or spreading
the warps.
The cams are of like shape, but one has a little more throw than the other to
even the shed.
The carpet or fabric to be woven on this loom has two doubled shots of filling
thread, one or both of which may be inserted in the same warp shed.
These filling threads are supplied from bobbins or caps fixed to the loom frame
and are extended through guides under tension springs, thence through eyes in
pivotted take-up arms which serve to take up slack in the said weft threads, and
then to the guides.
The thread hereafter denominated the tuft holding weft is led through the
guide, thence about a roller or sheave, through the hollow weft carrier, and out
through an eye therein into the warp shed, the head of the said needle being pre-
ferably notched for the entrance of the shuttle into the loop of the tuft-holding
weft-thread, the said shuttle passing its thread through and locking the said loop
of tuft-weft at one selvage of the fabric.
The hollow or tubular weft carrier is connected at its rear end with a sliding
carriage fitted to slide on a stationary guide way, the carriage being connected by
link with a lever having a fixed pivot, the said lever being joined by a link with a
radius bar pivotted to the frame work, and provided with a roll which is acted
upon by a cam on a shaft before referred to, but this I do not claim.
The carrier near its forward end is fitted to slide in a guide or bearing extended
forward from the guide-way. The front end of the carrier is forked or notched to

page_text: receive at proper times the weft thread before referred to, it serving for the backing
weft.
This weft thread is passed through the guide secured to a sleeve and thence
about the sheave, through a second guide, and thence through an eye in a backing
thread controller connected with a rocking shaft parallel with the loom side, and
held in on bearing at the inner end of the guide way.
There is a rocking shaft with an arm connected by link with an elbow lever,
which is forked at its outward end, and embraces a vibrating arm connected with
a link, joined at its lower end with a lever acted upon by a cam, the movement of
the arm by the cam and lever turning the lever, and causing the link to move the
backing weft controller so as to rise and fall at the proper times, to place its thread
in the path of the forked part of the filling thread carrier during its forward
movement, thus enabling the said carrier to engage the backing weft, and carry it
doubled through the shed together with the tuft weft, both doubled shots being
locked in the same shed by the thread of the shuttle.
Both weft threads are carried through the same shed at every third shed, but at
all other times the filling is employed in the shed. The cam which operates the
filling carrier is so shaped that it draws the carrier at each third movement back
far enough to catch the thread.
The sleeve which carries the guide, sheeve, and second guide, is provided at its
inner side with a spring latch, and the sleeve is provided with an opening to fit
the head of the rod, the said sleeve being retained on the said rod when the latch
engages the projection on the bearing.
.The carriage has a notch near one end into which the right hand hook of the
latch is engaged when it is desired to move the sleeve forward. When the said
sleeve is held locked to the bearing the force of the spring fixed to the guide of the
sleeve is overcome by the latch-holder, a lever pivotted on a part of the bearing
the latch holder being held by the arm then kept elevated by the cam.
With the latch so held it is obvious that the carriage may be reciprocated
without the hook at the right hand end of the latch dropping into the notch, but
at each third shed, when both wefts are to be introduced together, the arm is
moved to release the outer or left hand weighted end of the latch-holder, when the
latch-holder turns on its pivot and unlocks the latch, so that as the notch of the
carriage next comes under the hook at the right hand end of the latch, the spring
acting on the latch throws the right hand hook thereof into the notch and releases
the opposite hook of the latch from the projection, after which the sleeve and its
attached parts will be moved forward by and with the carriage; but at the next
outward movement of the said carriage the arm will be lifted and cause the latch-
holder to again engage the latch with the projection and again hold the sleeve
stationary, while the carriage is next moved forward twice for the, introduction of
two shots of the weft in two different sheds.
The carriage has a friction roller which is extended across and so as to roll on a
concaved spring, the roller running upon the highest portions of the said spring as
the carriage approaches its extreme positions, the said spring serving to hold the
said carriage and prevent any movement thereof except when actuated positively;
such a spring and carriage are however old.
The spring is attached centrally by a bolt with a bracket bolted to the guide-
way. The pile-wire having a knife at its front end is rigidly connected, as usual,
with a pile-wire carriage mounted on a swinging guide rail secured to the upper
ends of arms of a rock-shaft.
The rock-shaft has an arm provided with a roller which is pressed by a strong
spring against the face of the cam, which cam acts to swing the rail backward and
forward in the direction of the length of the warp.
The pile wire carriage is reciprocated on the rail by the link, lever-link, and
radius bar, the latter having a stud or roller acted upon by the cam.
This pile-wire motion is substantially old. The cloth roll and the gears and

page_text: shafts to operate it are common, as are also the let-off and tension devices for the
warp threads, so they will not be specifically described.
The lever enters into the take-up mechanism to operate a clutch to disconnect
the take-up roller from its train of gearing if it be desired to turn it backward by
hand.
The fingers strike against the rear sides of the carriages as the latter pass it, and
insure the entrance of the studs or rollers into the guides.
The yarn depressing mechanism is a pivotted frame having two cross wires or
rods, the latter of which is, by link, connected with a lever acted upon by a lever
on the cam shaft, a spring keeping the lever up to the said cam.
As the needles descend the tufting yarns are extended upward; but as soon as
the points of the said needles pass below the rod, the latter is swung or thrown
down, while the needles remain at rest, and depress or turn down the ends of all
the tuft yarns, the ends of the said yarns remaining in such position until the said
row of needles has been again elevated between the warp threads, the said ends
being turned outward as soon as the needles begin to descend.
The shuttle carrying the thread for locking the weft or filling thread is placed in
a race-way and is engaged by pins of fingers pivotted on the shuttle moving
carriage, the said pins being alternately engaged with and disengaged from the
shuttle as the fingers are reciprocated over and in contact with the cam ledges, this
being necessary to permit the shuttle to pass through the loops of and lock the
filling threads. The fingers are kept down upon the said ledges by the springs.
The carriage is connected by link with a lever acted upon by toes of a three-
toed cam secured to cam-shaft, the lower end of the said lever being held against
the said cam by a spring.
The shuttle race frame has a guide or loop to receive the end of the filling needle
or carrier, and a support for the thread of the shuttle as the latter descends, thus
preventing it from drawing down the selvage threads.
In order to keep the selvage warps next the shuttle straight, so that the endmost
needle will always rise correctly just inside the selvage warps, and at the same
time so hold the said selvage warps that they cannot be drawn in by the backward
pull of the filling, I have provided a temple having one or more selvage pins
which rest between the selvage warps to keep them apart or separated, and hold
them against lateral displacement.
The selvage pins are attached to an arm pivotted on an ear of a slide rod guided
in a frame bolted upon an inclined breast-beam and surmounted by a spring. The
frame has a projection which is struck by the top bar of the reed or lay at each
forward beat of the lay, lifting the said projection and arm, lifting the pin from
between the selvage warps so as to slip over the weft in the warps in advance of it
toward the reed.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Morgan-Brown in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
13th October 1881.
WILLIAM MORGAN-BROWN, Patent Agent, of 38, Southampton Buildings, London.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING TUFTED FABRICS, CHIEFLY USED FOR
CARPETS, RUGS, AND ARTICLES OF THAT KIND." A communication from abroad
by George Crompton, of Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America.
This Invention relates to improvements in that class of looms described in
English Patent, No. 2095, July 11th, 1872, designed for weaving tufted fabrics,
chiefly used for carpets, rugs, and articles of that kind.
The tufted fabric, if a carpet, will be of the class denominated moquette, wherein
the separate tufts composing the fabric are locked about a tufting weft instead of
about the warp, as in Axminster carpets.
The improvements herein described have for their object to simplify and improve
the mechanical construction of that class of looms wherein needles are employed
for the introduction of the tufts between the warp threads and about the weft,
my object being to cheapen the construction of the mechanism, simplify the working
parts, make them more durable and certain in operation, and increase the speed at
which the loom may be run practically.
This Invention in looms for weaving tufted fabrics consists in two endless chains
composed of links located below the warps, and having open bearings and flanges,
and chain wheels, and means to move them and the said chains intermittingly,
leaving the bearings uncovered just below the warps, combined with a series of
carriages provided with journals to enter the said open bearings and to be held
down therein at times by the said flanges, and with a series of eye-pointed
needles and tuft-yarn spools carried by the said carriages, substantially as
described.
Also in a loom for weaving tufted fabrics, a series of carriages, needles, and
yarn holding spools, and two endless carriage-carrying chains having links provided
with open bearings and covering flanges, combined with the two short shafts
having at their inner ends chain-wheels constructed, as hereinafter described, to
open the links of the chains at their joints and uncover the journals of the carriages
pivoted upon the said chains, the said carriages being adapted to remain in upright
position and cross or pass the centres of the said short shafts when moved by the
chains, as will be hereinafter described.
Also in two endless chains a series of carriages pivoted thereon, and needles and
tuft-yarn spools connected with the carriages, chain-wheels, to support the said
chains and open their links at their joints to uncover the journals of the said
carriages, and means to move the said chain-wheels intermittingly, combined with
lifter-guides and lifters thereon to engage the journals of the carriages, and with
means to reciprocate the said lifters to lift the said carriages from the said chains,
and again replace them in the said chains below the warp, as will be hereinafter
described.
Also in two endless chains a series of carriages pivoted thereon, and needles and
tuft-yarn spools connected with the carriages, and chain wheels to support the said
chains and open their links at their joints to uncover the journals of the said
carriages, and means to move the said chain-wheels intermittingly, combined with
lifter guides and lifters thereon to engage the journals of the carriages, and with
means to reciprocate the said lifters to lift the said carriages from the said chains,
and again replace them in the said chains below the warp, and with means, sub-
stantially as described, to vibrate the lifters and the carriages about a horizontal
axis, as will be hereinafter described.

page_text: Also in a loom for weaving tufted fabrics, two endless chains, and a series of
tufting carriages, eye pointed needles and spools carried thereby, and means to
support and move the said chains intermittingly in front of the lay under the warps
as described, the said chains being extended into a pit or room below the loom
frame, or the floor on which the loom stands, to thus enable the space between the
loom sides at the rear of the lay to be made available for the reception of other
working parts of the loom, as will be hereinafter described.
Also in two endless tuft-carriage carrying chains, short shafts, chain wheels,
a cross shaft, and gearing between the said cross and short shafts, combined with
star and pin wheel, and means to operate the pin-wheel, whereby the said chains
are actuated intermittingly at a variable speed, substantially as will be hereinafter
described.
Also in a shaft to impart movement to the shed forming devices, endless tuft-
carriage carrying-chains, a shaft and intermediate connections to operate the said
chains intermittingly from the said shaft, combined with a clutch to disconnect the
said two shafts to permit the shaft and the parts which move the said chains to
be operated, while the shaft, which imparts movement to the shed forming devices,
remains at rest, as will be hereinafter described.
Also in a loom for weaving tufted fabrics, the loom frame, a series of harness-
frames, a series of heddle levers, and a series of connections between the heddle-
levers and harness frames adapted to pull both ends of the haruess-frames up to
lift the warps, or both ends down to lower the warps, combined with two endless
chains, a series of connected tufting carriages, needles, and spools, and with means
to move the said chains and carriages intermittingly, the said chains and carriages
being adapted to travel vertically in front of the lay, and to descend into a pit or
room below the loom frame, as will be hereinafter described.
Also in a loom for weaving tufted fabrics, needle holding plates grooved as
described to space the needles, combined with the needles attached to the said
plates in the said grooves, as will be hereinafter described.
Also in tufting carriage having grooved cross bar as described, combined with
the sectional needle-holding plates and attached needles, as will be hereinafter
described.
Also in combination the chains composed of the links having flanges, and of
other links having open bearings, the carriages mounted on the said chains, and
provided with studs or projections combined with guides to receive the said studs
and maintain the said carriages in upright position, and with means to move the
said chains, as will be hereinafter described.
Also in a weft carrying needle and carriage for it, a carriage guide way, and
means to move the carriage thereon, a sleeve to hold the backing weft thread, and
a rod to support the sleeve at certain times, combined with a latch connected with
the said sleeve and adapted to be engaged with the carriage or with a projection
on the said bearing to permit the sleeve to be carried forward with the carriage or
to remain at rest, as will be hereinafter described.
Also in the backing-weft carrier, its rock-shaft, link m³, lever m³, the arm m¹º,
and means to move it, the rod m15, the carriage 1º, means to move it, and the
latch bolder combined with the latch, and the spring to engage it with the carriage
and with the sleeve m¹s and its guide for the binder weft, as will be hereinafter
described.
Also in combination with the tuft-yarn needles of tuft yarn depressing mechanism
and means to move it to depress the tuft yarns upon the edges of the needles, as
will be hereinafter described.
Also in a chain composed of links having open bearings, and links having
flanges, the said links being pivoted together by a pivot at the rear end of the
open bearing, as will be hereinafter described.
Figure 1 is a front elevation of a loom containing my Invention, the take-up
roll and breast beam being broken out, as well as the guide for the pile-wire
carriage and the link for moving it.

page_text: Figure 2 is a top view of Figure 1, a portion of the rear of the loom being broken
out, as well as the friction or clutch driving pulleys and rocking sleeve and shaft
within it, the parts broken out in Figure 1 being shown unbroken in Figure 2.
Figure 3 is a right hand side elevation of the parts outside the regular loom side,.
it showing chiefly the mechanism for driving the loom and for moving the weft-
carriers and pile-wire.
Figure 4 is a sectional elevation in the line x, Figure 1, it showing the parts
between such line and the centre of the loom.
Figure 4º, an enlarged detail of the guides d' which receive the studs d¹s of the
carriages co
Figure 5 is a vertical central section looking toward the left of the loom and
showing the parts between the said centre and the interior of the left hand end-
frame of the loom.
Figure 6 is a section in the line y, y, of Figure 1, showing the cam for moving
the weft carrier and actuating the lifters to move the carriages, and also the
star wheel to actuate the tuft-carriage carrying-chains intermittingly at variable
speed.
Figure 7, a detail of the cam and link for actuating the weft carriage and its
carriers.
Figure 8, details of the interior of part of the pin and star wheel, Figure 6.
Figures 9 and 10, details of those parts of the pin wheel moving devices and
clutch at the left of the dotted line y, y, Figure 2.
Figures 11, 12, 13, and 14, details of the shuttle for locking the double weft and
devices for operating it, the remaining devices being shown in Figure 6 on a
smaller scale.
Figure 15, a front view of one of the carrying chains for the tufting carriages,
one of the links being broken out to show the flange for holding down the journal e
of the tufting carriage.
Figure 16, a side elevation of one of the said chains and its connected tufting
carriages and devices to support the said chain, and permit its links to be turned
far enough to uncover the open bearings for the tufting carriage journal, two of
the links being broken out to show the flanged parts that cover the journals of the '
carriages.
Figure 17, details of a tufting needle and spool to hold the tuft yarn.
Figure 18, a sectional detail of one of the tufting carriages.
Figures 19 and 20, details showing the spring to produce tension or friction on
the periphery of the head of the tuft-yarn spool.
Figures 21 and 22 are details of the devices for turning the free ends of the tuft-
yarns down in front of the needles just after the latter descend below the warps,
and the tuft-yarns are severed from the fabric.
Figures 23, 24, 25, and 26 are details on a large scale of one of the lifters, which
engages and lifts the carriages from their carrying-chains, the guide in which the
lifter slides, and the arm which vibrates the guide and lifter.
Figure 27, an enlarged detail of part of the front of the right-hand end of the
loom, it showing the weft carriage and actuating parts.
Figure 28, a right hand view of Figare 27.
Figure 29, a top view of Figure 27.
Figures 30 and 31, details of the latch for connecting the backing weft carrier
with the tuft weft carriage, or holding it fixed to the loom.
Figure 32, details of the spindle, which at times holds the sleeve of the binder
weft carrier.
Figures 33 and 34 taken together show the entire rear side of the guide way 11°
on which the tuft weft carriage runs.
Figure 35, detailed side and top view of the guide, tension, and take up device
for the tuft and binder wefts.
Figure 36, details of the front end of the tuft-weft-carrier and the arm which at
times delivers the backing weft to the notched end of the tuft-weft carrier.

page_text: Figure 37, details of the needles and sectional plates of the tufting carriages.
Figure 38, a detailed side elevation and top view of the temple.
Figure 39, a front view of the pins of the temple.
Figure 40, details of the front end of the trough in which the pile-wire runs, it
showing the devices to oil the knife at the end of the pile wire.
Figures 41 to 45 shew different positions of the warps and needles and reed
when making a tufted fabric.
Figure 46, a longitudinal section of part of such a fabric on a large scale with
the wefts fully bent in, some of the weft shots containing one and others two
doubled threads.
Figure 47 shows separately the two links which in the chain alternately hold
and release the journals of the tufting carriages.
Figure 48, a diagram showing the chains and carriages carried by them as
extended down into a pit or room below the loom frame or floor on which it rests.
Figure 49 is a detail of the cam for operating the harness lever which moves the
stuffing warp harness frame.
Figure 50, a like view of one of the cams for operating the harness levers which
control the regular warps, and
Figure 51, a detail of the spring and collars for holding the shaft a in one
or the other of its positions, or with the driving pulleys closed or opened, or
unclutched.
The loom-driving or pulley-shaft a having its bearing at one end in one of the
loom sides A, and its other bearing in a supplemental small end-frame A² is driven
from a belt B (see Figure 8), on the friction or clutch pulley a¹ of usual con-
struction, it being thrown into engagement with or disconnected from that part a®
of the said pulley, which is fixed to the said shaft by means of the lever a² and
link a connected with a crank 50 on the rocker-shaft a', having a hand lever a³
(see Figure 2) by which to move it. When the crank 50 is as in Figure 2 with
the link a³ extended across the centre of shaft a*, the pulley parts a¹, a, are held
closed together firmly, but without material strain on the shaft a*.
A flat spring 25 (see Figures 1, 2, and 3) and detail Figure 51), having a
depression or recess 28 engages a projection on one of the collars 26 or 27 of the
shaft a, and holds it firmly in either of its two positions.
This shaft a is provided with a hand wheel a7 by which to turn it by hand, and
with a brake-wheel as which is acted upon at its periphery in front of the shaft a
by the brake a, operated by reason. of its connection with an arm 52 of the rocker
shaft a before referred to, the said break being applied, and the friction or clutch
pulleys being disengaged simultaneously to enable the loom to be stopped instantly,
the said break being removed as the pulleys are engaged.
This shaft a has also a pinion a¹0 which engages a toothed wheel a" on and
drives the shaft 2 (see Figures 2 and 3), having a pinion a¹, which in turn engages
a toothed wheel a¹³ on the main cam-shaft a¹.
This cam-shaft has a bevel gear as which engages a bevel gear a¹6 on a
shaft a provided with a series of cams 3, 4, 5, to be hereinafter referred to (see
Figures 1, 2, 3).
The shaft a¹ is extended across the loom between the loom sides A, A, and has
upon its opposite end a bevel gear b (see Figure 2), which engages a bevel gear b
on the shaft b³ provided with a series of cams 63, 64, 68, to actuate the series of
heddle levers 66 pivoted centrally at 6' near the loom-side A, and provided at
bottom and top with holes for the adjustable connection therewith of the loops b³ ;
also provided with holes for the attachment and adjustment of the harness,
carding 68, 610, which, extended over the usual sheaves, are connected with the
harness-frames 612, 63, 64, at bottom and top (see Figures 1, 2, 4, and 5), in such
manner that the said frames by the said connections are at times lifted at both
ends, and at other times pulled down at both ends, which causes them to be moved
evenly to depress the warps uniformly.
By means of these loops 68 the heddle frames may be so adjusted as to ensure

page_text: the proper depth of shed, and at the same time also insure the formation of the
centre of the warp shep in proper position with relation to the line of recriprocation
of the weft carrying needle to be referred to.
The shaft b² has a bevil gear 615 which engages a bevil gear 616 one half of its
size loose on the short shaft 617 (see Figures 1, 2, 6, 8, and 10), but held in place by
a clutch device, shown as a pin 7.
This short shaft 617 has splined upon it a pin wheel 618 which engages the star-
wheel secured to a shaft 6 extended across the lever in front of the lay, and
provided at its opposite ends with toothed wheels c, c, which engage the
pinions c', c2, (see Figures 2 and 6), on two short but like shafts c³, one of which
is shown clearly in Figures 4 and 16, the shafts c³ being supported in suitable
bearings located within the loom-sides A, the said gears being however outside the
loom frame.
These short shafts c³ have at their inner ends narrow chain-wheels c, each of
which receives and moves one of the two similar tufting-carriage moving chains c³,
which, as hereinafter described, carry the tufting carriages to be referred to.
The chain wheel is of such size, and the faces of its periphery are so shaped with
relation to the links of the said chains, as to open their joints at the tops of the
wheels, when the wheels are, as in Figure 16, far enough to permit the removal of
the carriage journals e therefrom, as will be described.
The space between the inner sides of the chain wheels is left unobstructed, so
that the carriages carried by and pivoted upon the said chains may hang down or
remain in upright position (see dotted lines, Figure 16), as the said carriages are
moved across the centre lines of the shafts c³.
The shaft b4 makes one revolution during the introduction and securing of each
row of the tufts, and the shaft 62 is operated in unison with it at the same
speed.
The shaft 6, which moves the chains co, must be moved intermittingly and but
for one sixth its distance during each complete rotation of shaft a and b².
Shaft 6 must remain at rest long enough after the chains c bring each tufting
carriage ce into position to permit it to be removed from the bearings in the said
chains preparatory to having its tufting needles c7 projected or raised between the
warps.
The star wheel b¹º derives its intermitting movement from the pin-wheel 618,
which moves twice as fast as the shaft 62, thus operating the star-wheel quickly
and leaving it at rest for the longest possible time to thus give the greatest of time
in which to remove and replace the tufting carriages c.
This pin-wheel, splined as described on shaft 67, is embraced by a yoke c
(see Figure 10) secured to a slide bar c³ guided by a stand clo (see Figures 2 and 6),
the forked end of the said slide-bar 9 embracing the shaft 2, as in Figure 9, and
having a pin c¹³, which enters a groove in the face of the cam c¹s on the said
shaft b², the said cam c¹³ operating the rod c at the proper time, withdrawing the
pin c of the pin wheel from the slot of the star-wheel, thus leaving the latter
and shaft 6 at rest until the star-wheel is again engaged by the said pin-wheel.
This arrangement for withdrawing the pin from the star wheel and thereby
preventing its movement every alternate revolution of the pin-wheel is for the
purpose of moving the star-wheel and parts connected to it only once for each
revolution of the shafts 62 and a¹, it being so geared as to move two revolutions
to one of the shaft in order to move the star-wheel and connected parts quickly, as
before described.
This pin and star-wheel connection is also of especial advantage, because it
enables said chains to be started slowly and moved rapidly nearly into position,
the movement of the chains being stopped slowly to avoid too great momentum.
When it is desired to turn the chains backward or forward independently by
hand while the other parts of the loom are at rest the clutch device 7, Figure 10,
may be withdrawn from the gear 616, and by applying a crank, not shown, to the

page_text: squared end of the shaft 61, the latter and its connected train of parts and the
chains c can be turned freely in either direction.
The chain c, shown in Figures 4, 5, 16, on a large scale, is broken out, and a
lower bent portion of the said chain is brought up to show the guide wheel d,
under which the lower portions of the said chain runs, the said guide wheel being
placed loosely on suitable studs.
In practice these chains c³ will be of greater or lesser length, according to the
length of the pattern in the fabric being woven, as there must be a tuft carriage
and a series of needles and spools for each row of tufts composing the
pattern.
To enable the said chains to be properly moved and contained outside the loom
frame, leaving a free space between the loom sides at the rear of the lay d² to be
utilized for the harness cording, cam-shaft, its cams, warp-beams d³, d, for the
regular warps 8, 9, and the usual warp-rollers and let-off and tension devices, the
said chains have been extended downward, as in Figure 47, into a pit or into a
room below the floor ds, on which the loom frame A stands.
In Figure 48 the long chain is shown as extended over a series of wheels con
shafts do, which in practice will be driven positively in unison with and from the
shaft 6 by suitable shafting and gearing, not necessary to be herein shown.
The chains c are composed of a series of pairs of links 10, 12, pivoted together
at d', and shown separately in Figure 47, there being a pair of links for each
journal of each tufting carriage cº.
The links 12 have open bearings 13, and the links 10 have enlarged parts 14,
with flanges 15 (see also Figures 15 and 16) in dotted, in section, and in full
lines.
The journals e of the tnfting carriages ce are placed in the open bearings 13,
from which they can be removed when the carriage with its needles is in an
upright position and the chain is bent, as shown at the top of Figure 16, far enough
to remove the flange 15 of the link 10, shown in dotted lines, from above the open
bearings 13, also shown in dotted lines.
When the links are sufficiently straightened to bring the flanges 15 over the
journals e in the said bearings 13, then the journals e are held securely in the said
bearings and travel with the chains. Figure 16 shows two of the flanges in section,
they holding the journals in the said bearings 13.
The journals are provided with annular grooves to fit rib 16 of the bearings 13
(see Figure 15), the grooves and ribs preventing the said journals from slipping out
laterally from the bearings 13. Each tufting carriage c, one for each row of tufts
in the pattern of the fabric, has a socketed cross-bar d8 (see Figures 17, 18, and 37),
which receives the short sectional plates d³, which are soldered to the needles c',
the said plates being removably attached to the said cross-bar by the screws d¹º.
These plates d are provided with grooves at one side, as in Figure 37, to
correctly space the needles c', and attached by solder as described, a needle on any
one sectional plate; the latter removed from the cross-bar may be readily detached
by melting the solder and a new needle may be applied to the plate.
Each carriage has bearings d¹² to receive the journals d¹s of the spools or beams
which hold the tufting yarns x, each spool having a sufficient number of yarns to
supply the series of needles secured to the carriage, the yarns on the same spool
being of different colors arranged in a particular order according to the colors of
the tufts in the row of tufts to be made from the yarn of a particular spool.
The yarns x are passed over or about the tension rods d¹³, and thence upward.
along the interior of the needles, and thence out through their eyes, as in Figures
17, and 41 to 45. The peripheries of the heads of the spools d¹ are acted upon
by flat springs d¹8 (see Figures 16, 19, 20), which act as brakes for the said spools,
the force of the said springs being controlled by the adjusting devices d20 shown as
screws.
Each carriage ce at its outer side, has a stud d, which as each carriage

page_text: approaches its uppermost position enters carriage guide-ways d¹7 and d27 (see
Figures 4 and 4a), which act to so maintain or hold the carriage that its needles
will remain in vertical position while the lifting devices e³ (see Figures 23 to 25)
act upon the journals e thereof to lift the said carriages c from the open
bearings 13. The descending needles are kept in vertical position by the spring
plate e² attached to the floor d³.
The journals e of a tuft carriage, when the chains bring a carriage into the
position shown at the top of Figure 16, are acted upon by the carriage lifters e³
(one set at each side of the loom, see Figures 23 to 26) forked at top, and fitted to
slide vertically on the lifter guides e which rise from and turn loosely on the short
studs e, which also serve as the pivots of the swords of the lay d³.
Each guide e has joined with its hub e an upwardly extended arm e8, shown
clearly in Figure 24, which at its upper end is joined by a link e¹0 with an arm e¹³
of a sleeve e¹³, shown in section Figure 5, on a rocker-shaft f (see also Figure 2)
a longer arm e¹ of the said sleeve being acted upon by a cam els to rock the sleeve
and vibrate the arm e8, and guide e and lifter es far enough to move the tufting
carriage for a sufficient distance horizontally to permit the needles c' to assume in
the shed the different positions indicated in Figures 41 to 45.
The pin e on the arm e8 enters the slot e¹e (see Figure 25) of the lifter e³ and
steadies it in its movements.
The lifters are raised and lowered to act upon the journals e, and lift a tuft
carriage from the open bearings 13 by means of the links f' (see Figures 1, 4, 24,
and 25), connected with arms f³ of the rock shaft f before referred to, it having
another arm fjoined by link f5 with the lower end of a radius bar f6, having a
stud or roller acted upon by a cam f7, the stud or roller on the said radius bar
being held against the said cam by the weight f³ and its connected chain shown
in Figure 5.
An adjustable portion t of cam f' acts at proper times to move the lifters to
slightly elevate the carriage held by them to tighten the tuft yarns x about the
tuft weft, and an adjustable portion t² at other times pulls the carriage down to
strain the yarn x about the pile-wire p, and draw from the spool sufficient yarn
to form another series of tufts.
When the journals e of a carriage are uncovered, as they will be when the chains
are bent about the chain-wheel, as at the top of Figure 16, the same journals e are
prevented from moving up out of the open bearings 13 by the guides f°; the latter
however having an open space or bend, as shown clearly in Figures 3, 4, and 5,
to permit the journals of the carriage acted upon by the lifters e³ to be raised
above the top of the said guard.
As the carriage is moved over the top of the chain wheel, the pins or studs dic
as they leave the guide di enter a second curved guide d27 (see detail, Figure 4a)
located at the rear of the guards f°, which continue to keep the needles perpen-
dicular. The arms es at their outer sides near their tops and just below the points
of connection of the links e¹o with them are provided with lips 29 (see Figure 4),
which engage a guide 30 forming part of the rigid bearing 31 for the shaft c³, the
said lip and guide preventing movement or vibration of the arms e8 or lifters
crosswise of the loom, which would so move the needles that in rising they would
not always enter between the proper warp threads..
To ensure yet greater certainty that the needles in rising always enter between
the proper warp threads, the lay has been provided with gibs 32 (see Figure 4),
which are fitted to run snugly against smooth flat surfaces at the inner sides of the
loom frame.
As the lifters es rise to embrace the journals e, sockets g attached one to each
lifter at its inner side (see Figures 23 and 24) engage the tufting carriage at its
lower ends g³, and as the lifters es raise the carriage from the chains the springs g²
pass beyond the ends of the adjustable cam plates g³ secured to the guides e₁ (sec
Figures and 23), and permit the said springs to move in the direction of the

page_text: arrow 20, Figure 23, and thrust the carriage locking-devices 91, shown as pins,
through holes in the sockets g, so as to lock the carriage to the lifters. .
There is a lifter and mechanism to operate it at each side of the loom, so as to
engage and lift each end of the tufting carriage.
The cam h gives three beats to the lay during each rotation of the cam-shaft a¹
to enable the lay to beat up the filling or weft, as will be hereinafter described.
The stuffing warp 21 is taken from the warp beam h¹, shown in Figures 4
and 5, and extended under the whip roll h; the stuffing warp threads are led
through the eyes of the heddles 22 in the narrow harness frame 612 actuated by
one of the levers 66 moved in the proper time by the cam 6³, shewn in detail,
Figure 49.
In the drawing of the fabric (see Figure 46) the stuffing-warp threads 21 are
shown in dotted lines as laid in loosely to fully show it, but in a woven fabric for
use the said warp threads will occupy nearly a straight line position,
The threads of warp 8 are led through the eyes of the heddles 23 in the harness
frame 64, which is moved from the cam 65 (see Figure 50), while the threads of
the warp are led through the eyes of the heddles 24 in the harness frame 13
moved at the proper time by the cam b*.
The heddle frames b¹s and 64 are shown as twice as thick as frame b12 to assist
in separating or spreading the warps.
The cams 63 and 6 are of like shape, but one has a little more throw than the
other to even the shed.
The carpet or fabric to be woven on this loom has two doubled shots of filling
thread l, m, one or both of which may be inserted in the same warp shed. These
filling threads are supplied from bobbins or caps l', m³, fixed to the loom frame, and
as herein shown are extended through guides 12 under tension springs 1³, thence
through eyes in pivoted take up arms 33, which serve to take up slack in the said
weft threads, and then to the guides 14.
The thread, hereafter denominated the tuft holding weft, is led through the
guide, thence about the roller or sheave 13, through the hollow weft carrier 1,
and out through an eye therein (see Figure 36) into the warp shed, the head of
the said needle being preferably notched as at 18 for the entrance of the shuttle n
(see Figures 12, 13, and 14) into the loop of the tuft holding weft thread, the said
shuttle passing its thread through and locking the said loop of tuft weft at one
selvage of the fabric, as will be hereinafter described, but which is not of my
Invention.
The hollow or tubular weft carrier 1 is connected at its rear end with a sliding
carriage fitted to slide on a stationary guide way 710, the carriage 19 being
connected by link with the lever 12, having a fixed pivot at 13 (see Figure 7),
the said lever being joined by link 11 with the radius bar 15, pivoted to the frame
work 16, and provided with a roll which is acted upon by a cam 3 on the shaft a¹7
before referred to, but this I do not claim :-
The carrier 6 near its forward end is fitted to slide in a guide or bearing,
extended forward from the guide way 710, as shown in Figure 2. The front end
of the carrier 16 is forked or notched at 43, as shown clearly in Figure 36, to receive
at proper times the weft thread m before referred to, it serving for the backing
weft.
This weft thread m is passed through the guide m² secured to a sleeve m¹³, and
thence about the sheave m³ through a second guide m (see Figure 29), and thence
through an eye in the backing thread controller m³ connected with a rocking
shaft me (see Figure 26), parallel with the loom side, and held in on bearing m
(see Figure 2), at the inner end of the guide way 71º.
This rocking shaft me (see Figure 2) has an arm 55 (see Figure 34) connected
by link ms with an elbow lever m³ (see Figure 33), which is forked at its outward
end and embraces the vibrating arm m¹o, connected with a link m", joined at its
lower end with a lever m¹² acted upon by a cam m¹³, the movement of the arm m¹º
by the cam and lever turning the lever m³, and causing the link m³ to move the

page_text: backing weft controller so as to rise and fall at the proper times to place its thread
in the path of the forked part 43 of the filling thread carrier during its forward
movement, thus enabling the said carrier to engage the backing weft and carry it
doubled through the shed together with the tuft weft l, both doubled shots being
locked in the same shed by the thread of the shuttle n.
Both weft threads are carried through the same shed at every third shed, but at
all other times the filling is employed in the shed. The cam 3 which operates
the filling carrier 1 is so shaped that it draws the carrier at each third movement
back far enough to catch the thread m.
The sleeve m¹s which carries the guide m², sleeve m³, and guide m', is provided
at its inner side with a spring latch m, and the sleeve is provided with an opening
to fit the head m¹ of the rod m18 (see Figure 32), the said sleeve being retained on
the said rod when the latch m¹ engages the projection m¹7 (see Figure 33) on the
bearing m18, as in Figure 30.
This bearing mis is fixed by bolt m¹º to the guide-way 10 (see Figures 27 and
28).
The sleeve m18 has a bevelled or gib like foot m20 which is adapted to enter a
correspondingly shaped groove m21 at the upper side of and be moved forward
by the carriage 19, whenever the latch m¹ is disengaged from the projection m¹³,
before referred to, this happening at every third shot of filling, or when the
thread m is to be introduced into the shed.
The shape of this foot is indicated in cross section below Figure 27.
The carriage has a notch o near one end, into which the right hand hook of
the latch m¹ is engaged when it is desired to move the sleeve m¹s forward. When
the said sleeve is held locked to the bearing m¹s, as in Figure 30, the force of the
spring o fixed to the guide m², of the sleeve m¹³, is overcome by the latch--
holder m², shown as a lever pivoted at 34 on a part of a bearing m¹8, the latch
holder being held as in Figure 30 by the arm m10 then kept elevated, as in
Figure 28, by the cam m³.
With the latch so held it is obvious that the carriage may be reciprocated
without the hook at the right hand end of the latch dropping into the notch o, but
at each third shed when both wefts l, m, are to be introduced together, the arm m¹0
is moved in the direction of the arrow 35, Figure 28, to release the outer or left
hand weighted end of the latch holder m2, when the latch holder turns on its
pivot 34 and unlocks the latch, so that as the notch o of the carriage next
comes under the hook at the right hand end of the latch m¹, the spring o' acting
on the latch throws the right hand hook thereof into the notch o and releases the
opposite hook of the latch from the projection m7, after which the sleeve mis
and its attached parts will be moved forward by and with the carriage 1,
but at the next outward movement of the said carriage the arm m10 will be
lifted and cause the latch holder m² to again engage the latch m with the
projection m7, and again hold the sleeve m3 stationary while the carriage -is
next moved forward twice for the introduction of two shots of the weft in two
different sheds.
The carriage has a friction roller 36 which is extended across and so as to
roll on a concaved spring 37, the roller running upon the highest portions of the
said spring as the carriage approaches its extreme positions, the said spring serving
to hold the said carriage and prevent any movement thereof except when actuated
positively; such a spring and carriage are however old.
The spring 37 is attached centrally by a bolt 38 with a bracket 39 bolted to
the guide way 7. The pile-wire p having a knife p' at its front end is rigidly
connected as usual with a pile wire carriage pa mounted on a swinging guide
rail p³ secured to the upper ends of arins pt of a rock shaft p5.
The rock shaft p has an arm pe provided with a roller 40, which is pressed by
a strong spring 41 against the face of the cam 5, which cam acts to swing the
rail p3 backward and forward in the direction of the length of the warp.
The pile wire carriage is reciprocated on the rail p³ by the link p', lever 258,

page_text: link p, and radius bar p10, the latter having a stud or roller acted upon by the
cam 4 (see Figure 1).
This pile wire motion is substantially old. The cloth roll 42 and the gears and
shafts to operate it, shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3, are common, as are also the
let off and tension devices for the warp threads, so they will not be specifically
described.
The lever 56 enters into the take up mechanism to operate a clutch to dis-
connect the take up roller from its train of gearing if it be desired to turn it
backward by hand.
The fingers 44 (see Figures 23 to 25), strike against the rear sides of the
the carriages c as the latter pass it, and insure the entrance of the studs or
rollers do into the guides d¹.
Referring to Figures 21 and 22, I have shown detached from the machine the
yarn depressing mechanism which I have devised to turn down or depress the
ends of all the tuft yarns in front of the needles c². This yarn depressing
mechanism is herein shown as a pivotted frame, having two cross wires or rods
,, the latter of which is by link 2 connected with lever ³ acted upon by a
lever on the cam shaft a¹ (see also Figure 4), a spring 75 keeping the lever up
to the said cam.
•
As the needles c descend the tufting yarns are extended upward, as shown in
heavy black line, Figure 22, but as soon as the points of the said needles pass
below the rod r the latter is swung or thrown down as in dotted lines, Figure 22,
while the needles remain at rest and depress or turn down the ends of all the tuft
yarns, as in dotted lines in Figure 22, the ends of the said yarns remaining in such
position until the said row of needles has been again elevated between the warp
threads, the said ends being turned outward, as in Figure 45, as soon as the needles
begin to descend.
The shuttle n, carrying the thread for locking the weft or filling thread is placed
in a race way n¹ (see Figures 12 to 14), and is engaged by pins n², of fingers n³.
pivotted on the shuttle moving carriage n*, the said pins being alternately engaged
with and disengaged from the shuttle as the fingers are reciprocated over and in
contact with the cam ledges n³, no, this being necessary to permit the shuttle to
pass through the loops of and lock the filling threads. The fingers are kept down
upon the said ledges by the springs n.
The carriage n is connected by link n8 (see also Figure 6) with a lever nº acted
upon by the toes n10 of a three toed cam secured to shaft a¹, the lower end of the
said lever n being held against the said cam by a spring n¹².
The shuttle race frame has a guide or loop ni³ to receive the end of the filling
needle or carrier 16, and a support n for the thread n13 of the shuttle n (see
Figure 13) as the latter descends, thus preventing it from drawing down the selvage
threads.
In order to keep the selvage warps next the shuttle n straight, so that the
endmost needle will always rise correctly just inside the selvage warps, and at the
same time so hold the said selvage warps that they cannot be drawn in by
the backward pull of the filling, I have provided a temple having one or more
selvage pins 8 which rest between the selvage warps to keep them apart or
separated and hold them against lateral displacement.
The selvage pins & are attached to an arm s¹, pivoted at 82, on an ear 83, of a
slide rods, guided in a frame 85, bolted upon the inclined breast beam 86, and
surmounted by a spring 87. The frame s¹ has a projection 88, which is struck by
the top bar s, of the reed 810 or lay, at each forward beat of the lay, lifting the
said projection and arm as in dotted lines, lifting the pins from between the
selvage warps so as to slip over the weft in the warps in advance of it toward
the reed.
The fabric to be made on this loom is shown in longitudinal section, Figure 46.
In the said Figure a designates the tufts formed from the tufting weft marked x, in
Figures 41 to 45. The tufts are held into the fabric by a doubled shot of tuft

page_text: weft l, a second double shot of tuft weft being laid into the same shed under the
stuffing warp, and beat up so as to fall below the tufts and the shot of weft holding
them, and also below the stuffing warp threads 21, as shewn in dotted lines.
The intermediate shed between adjacent tufts is filled with doubled shots of the
tuft weft and backing weft m.
Referring to Figure 45, it will be seen that the tuft yarn x is elevated above the
warps, and that the first shot of doubled weft has been inserted in the shed above
warp threads 8 and below warp threads 9 and 21.
The first shot of weft l, shown immediately in front of the needles c³ was laid
into the warp shed, and was partially beat up by the reed so, while one tuft
carriage was being placed back in the carrying chains, and another carriage, the
one shown in Figure 45, was being lifted from the chains.
As the said first weft was partially beat up the stuffing warp 21 was lowered
to the position Figure 41, and thereafter the needles c7 of the tuft carriage next to
be used were elevated sufficiently, as in Figure 45, to bring the free ends of the
tuft yarns above the warps, and the carriage and needles were moved forward
against the filling in front of them, after which the second shot of filling was
thrown into the shed between warps 9 and 8, but this time below the stuffing
warp 21.
Just before the weft emerged from between the opposite selvage from that at which
it entered the warp shed the descent of the needles was commenced, the points of the
needles being nearly withdrawn from the warps, when the filling thread carrier
(its loop of thread having been entered by the thread of the shuttle n) started
back, and as the needles arrived at the position, Figure 41, the second shot of tuft
weft was left in the shed above the stuffing warp and warp 8, and below the
warp 9, when the second beat of the lay took place and crowded the second doubled
shot of tuft weft forward against the ends of the tuft yarn held between the warps,
and as that beat of the lay was completed the harness frames were again changed
to lift the warp 8 and depress warp 9.
Just before the tuft-weft was beat up tight against the ends of the tuft yarns
the tuft carriage was drawn down a little to draw down all the ends of the tuft
yarns and leave them just at the proper distance above the warps, according to the
length of the pile to be formed.
The shed having been changed, as described, the needles of the same carriage,
they occupying the position, Figure 41, are moved horizontally backward, and
elevated between and above the warp to the rear of the second shot of tuft weft
laid in the shed above the stuffing warp 21, as in Figure 42, thus elevating the
tuft yarns above the open shed of the warps, leaving two sheds, one between the
tuft yarn and warps 8 for the pile wire p, and the other between the warps 8 and 9
to receive the weft carrier l which, at this third forward movement or shed in the
warps 8, 9, receives the backing weft m in its hook 33, and leaves the doubled
wefts m and in that shed in front of the needles c.
In Figure 42, the shed, needles, and tuft yarns are shown in the position
they will occupy just before the weft carrier 1ª is fully withdrawn from the warp
shed.
While the needles are as in Figure 42, the carriage and needles are temporarily
lifted about one quarter of an inch by the adjustable cam protection t (see Figure 6),
in order to tighten the tuft yarns about the tuft weft t, which is to hold the tufts
into fabric, and leave sufficient space for the entrance of the pile-wire p.
Just as the needles reach their highest position the pile wire p is thrown forward
into the shed formed between the tuft yarn and the elevated warp 8, the filling
thread carrier being simultaneously withdrawn from the shed, and as the latter
emerges from the shed the needles are moved forward toward the breast beam,
pushing the two doubled shots of weft in front of it, as does a reed, and the
needles c are then drawn down below the warps folding the tuft yarn about
the pile wire and about the two doubled shots of filling, as in Figure 43, and the
lay is then moved forward on its third beat, bringing the reed 810 against the tuft

page_text: yarns and the two doubled shots of filling, beating them closely into the warp
crossing, the reed at the same time forcing the second shot of tuft weft, shown in
Figure 41, at the rear of the yarns x, and in Figures 42 and 43, between the legs
of the tuft, forward into position above the first doubled shot of tuft weft, so that
the two independent shots of tuft weft 7 inserted in the same shed, but one below
and the other above the stuffing warp 21, will be made to fall one above the other,
as shewn in Figure 46, at the left.
The needles having been drawn down to strain the tuft yarns over the pile
wire p the lay recedes a little, and the carriage and needles c are pulled down for
a short distance by the adjustable plate or cam t2 secured to the cam f' (see
Figure 6), such additional downward pull on the yarn straining it about the
pile wire, the descent of the tuft carriage being sufficient to also strain the yarn,
turn the spool d, and pull off sufficient yarn to form another row of tufts.
While the lay makes this small recession in its third beat the shed is changed
from the position, Figure 43, to that shown in Figure 44, and the lay goes forward
to complete its third beat, where it remains, holding the tuft yarns x closely about
the pile wire p until the pile wire is withdrawn, its knife p³ cutting the yarn x,
leaving tufts such as shown in Figures 44 and 46.
The yarn x having been cut the reeds recedes to the position shown in
Figure 44, and the filling carrier 16 is again moved forward into the shed in front of
the reed, to again lay a first shot of filling under the warp 9 and stuffing warp, as
first described; when the needles are fully drawn down, as in Figure 44, the reed
is made to press up the filling 7, and another carriage is brought into position, and
its needles elevated and shed changed, as in Figure 43.
In Figures 41 to 45 the threads are not shown as massed or beat together closely
as they will be in the fabric, but are left loose to clearly show the contents of each
shed, but in practice the wefts will when fully bent up be as in Figure 46 when the
single and double shots of filling are shown in section.
Each link 10 is pivotted to a link 12 at the rear of the open bearing 13 by a
pivot, which will preferably be cast with the link 12, the said pivot receiving upon
it the central portion of the enlarged part 14 of the link 10, as clearly shown in
Figures 16 and 47.
Having now described and particularly set forth the nature of the said Invention,
and the manner of carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood that
what I claim is,-
1st. In a loom for weaving tufted fabrics two endless chains composed of pairs
of links located below the warps, and having open bearings 13 and flanges 15;
the chain wheels c, and means to move them and the said chains intermittently,
leaving the bearings 13 uncovered just below the warps, combined with a series of
carriages provided with journals to enter the said open bearings, and to be held
down thereon at times by the said flanges, and with a series of eye pointed
needles, and tuft yarn spools carried by the said carriages, substantially as
described.
2nd. In a loom for weaving tufted fabrics a series of carriages, needles, and yarn
holding spools, and two endless carriage carrying chains, having links provided
with open bearings 13, and covering flanges.15, combined with two short shafts c³,
having at their inner ends the chain wheels c¹, shaped as described, to open the
links of the chain at their joints, and uncover the journals of the carriages pivoted
upon the said chains, the said carriages being adapted to remain in upright position,
and cross or pass the centres of the said short shafts c³ when moved by the chains,
substantially as described.
3rd. The two endless chains, the series of carriages pivoted thereon, the needles
and tuft yarn spools connected with the carriages, the chain wheels c¹ to support
the said chains and open their links at their joints to uncover the journals of the
said carriages, and means to move the said chain wheels intermittingly, combined
with the lifter-guides and lifters thereon to engage the journals of the carriages,
and with means to reciprocate the said lifter to lift the said carriages from the

page_text: said chains, and again replace them in the said chains below the warp, substantially.
as described.
4th. The two endless chains, the series of carriages pivoted thereon, the needles
and tuft yarn spools connected with the carriages, the chain wheels c³ to support
the said chains and open their links at their joints to uncover the journals of the
said carriages, and means to move the said chain wheels intermittingly combined
with the lifter guides, and lifters thereon to engage the journals of the carriages,
and with means to reciprocate the said lifters to lift the said carriages from the
said chains and again replace them in the said chains below the warp, and with
means, substantially as described, to vibrate the lifters and the carriages about a
horizontal axis, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
5th. In a loom for weaving tufted fabrics, two endless chains, and a series of
tufting carriages, eye pointed needles, and spools carried thereby, and means to
support and move the said chains intermittingly in front of the lay under the
warps, as described, the said chains being extended into a pit or rooin below the
loom frame, or the floor on which the loom stands, to thus enable the space between
the loom sides at the rear of the lay to be made available for the reception of other
working parts of the loom, substantially as described.
6th. The endless tuft carriage carrying chains, short shafts c³, chain wheels c³,
shaft 6, and gearing between the said shafts 6 and c combined with the star and
pin wheels, and means to operate the pin wheel, whereby the said chains are
actuated intermittingly at a variable speed, substantially as and for the purpose
described.
7th. The shaft 62 to impart movement to the shed forming devices, the endless
tuft carriage carrying chains, shaft b¹ and intermediate connections to operate the
said chains intermittingly from the shaft 617, combined with a clutch to disconnect
the shafts and 62, to permit the shaft 6" and the parts which move the said
chains to be operated while the shaft 62 remains at rest, substantially as
described.
8th. In a loom for weaving tufted fabrics, the loom frame, a series of harness
frames, a series of heddle levers, and a series of connections between the heddle
levers and harness frames adapted to pull both ends of the harness frames up to
lift the warps, or both ends down to lower the warps, combined with two endless
chains, a series of connected tufting carriages, needles and spools, and with means
to move the said chains and carriages intermittingly, the said chains and carriages
being adapted to travel vertically in front of the lay, and to descend into a pit or
room below the loom frame, substantially as and for the purpose described.
9th. In a loom for weaving tufted fabrics, needle holding plates grooved as
described to space the needles, combined with the eye pointed needles attached to
the said plates in the said grooves, substantially as and for the purpose
described.
10th. The tufting carriage having the grooved cross bar d8 as described, combined
with the sectional needle holding plates do and attached needles, substantially as
and for the purpose described.
11th. The two endless chains, the wheels c¹ to move them, the gears c¹, c², and
the shaft 6 and its two gears c, the star and pin-wheels and means to move the
pin wheel combined with the cam and link to withdraw the pins of the pin wheel
from the spaces of the star-wheel, substantialiy as described.
12th. The chains es composed of the links 10 having the flanges 15, and of the
links 12 having the open bearings 13, the carriages c mounted on the said chains
and provided with studs or projections d¹ combined with the guides to receive the
said studs and maintain the said carriages in upright position, and with means to
move the said chains, substantially as described.
13th. The endless chains, means to move them, the series of carriages thereon
having journals e mounted in the bearings 13 of the chain links, and provided with
studs de combined with the guides to receive and guide the said studs as the
carriages approach the warps to be lifted from the chains, and with the guide fº to

page_text: hold the said journals down in the open bearing after the flanges 15 have been
partially removed from above the journals of the carriages, substantially as
described.
14th. The carriage 1, its guide way, and means to move the carriage, the.
sleeve m¹³, the rod m¹s, and the bearing m¹8 to hold the said rod, combined with
the latch connected with the said sleeve and adapted to be engaged with the
carriage or with a projection on the said bearing to permit the sleeve to be carried
forward with the carriage 19 or to remain at rest, substantially as described.
15th. The backing weft carrier, its rock-shaft, link m³, lever m", the arm m¹º,
and means to move it; the rod m15, the carriage 1º, means to move it, and the
latch holder, combined with the latch, and the spring to engage it with the carriage
and with the sleeve m¹³, and its guide for the binder weft, substantially as
described.
16th. The combination with needles c, of the tuft yarn depressing rod "", and
means to move it, to depress the tuft yarns upon the edges of the needles, sub-'
stantially as described.
17th. The chain composed of links 12 having open bearings 13, and links 10
having flanges 15, the links 10, 12, being pivoted together by a pivot at the rear
of the open bearing, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Morgan-Brown, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twelfth day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
WN, MORGAN-BROWN. (L.S.)