IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Hadfield, of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING."
Sealed the 25th November 1870, and dated the 17th June 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Hadfield at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 17th June 1870.
I, WILLIAM HADFIELD, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
The first part of my Invention relates to a novel arrangement of
apparatus to be employed for governing the fall and compensating for
the increase in weight of the cloth beam of looms as the cloth
accumulates thereupon in lieu of levers and weights hitherto employed
for the same purpose, the Invention being designed for the purpose of
facilitating and expediting the process of displacing and replacing the
cloth roller in its position under the said or other roller first receiving

page_text: the cloth after its passing over the breast beam. This portion of the
improvements consists in causing the ends of the roller entering the
slots formed in the loom frame to rest or bear upon the upper plane or
surface forming the line of diameter of a segmental or half circle wheel
supported on a stud, the ends of the cloth roller when empty, such
segmental wheel turns the opposite side of the centre forming a counter-
balance; the teeth of this wheel gear into a pinion fixed upon a boss, on
one end of which a break pulley or wheel is secured, and both of which
are supported by a bracket secured to the stretcher or framing of the loom.
Around this second wheel a metal clip or other strap is passed, one end
of which is permanently secured to the frame, and the other end after
passing around the pulley or wheel is attached to a spring screw, and
passing through a fixing underneath, whilst a tightening nut is placed for
the purpose of regulating the friction of the clip or strap upon the wheel,
thus as the cloth roller increases in diameter with the accumulation of
cloth thereupon, it presses upon and causes the segmental wheel slightly
to revolve, the amount of pressure exerted by the cloth roller for this
purpose being compensated for and regulated through the medium of
the friction exerted by the friction clip or strap on the periphery of the
pulley on the pinion shaft gearing in the segmental wheel. When it is
desired to remove the cloth roller out and from contact with the upper
roller the pinion is drawn out of gear from the segmental wheel, at
which time the cloth roller is relieved from its compensating support,
enabling it thereby to be readily removed for unwinding or other
purpose.
Secondly. The Invention relates to a novel form of apparatus to be
employed for "letting off" or delivering the yarn from the warp beam,
and the improvement consists in mounting the warp beam upon an
under roller, drum, or cylinder, positively driven by suitable gearing for
regulating the delivery of the yarn from the beam according to the
quality of pick required. The yarn as it leaves the warp beam passes
under the supporting cylinder and over the back rest, then over a
vibrator on to the healds, the selvedge warps are kept well on to the
cylinder or drum supporting and actuating the delivery of the yarn by
means of finger guides, over a flat portion of which the selvedge warps
pass.

page_text: of the swell at the instant of picking. And the Invention consists
in supporting a balance lever on a fulcrum inside the loom frame in a
position that will allow one end of the said lever to come under the
frog tongue" and the other end immediately under the crank; the
said lever when in position allows the crank in its revolution to come
into contact and lower one end of the lever, which causes the opposite
end under the "frog tongue" to raise and so relieve the "swell," the
action of which takes place at the instant the shuttle is picking.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Hadfield in the Great Seal Patent Office:
on the 17th December 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM,
HADFIELD, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her.
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of June, in the year.
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-third
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said William Hadfield, Her special license that I, the
said William Hadfield, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said William Hadfield, my executors, administrators,
or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
and
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Hadfield,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my.
hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of:
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within.
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Hadfield, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, and accompanying Drawings, that is to say :-

page_text: The first part of my Invention relates to a novel arrangement of
apparatus to be employed for governing the fall and compensating for
the increasing weight of the cloth beam of looms as the cloth accumulates
thereupon in lieu of levers and weights hitherto employed for the same
purpose, the Invention being designed for the purpose of facilitating
and expediting the process of displacing and replacing the cloth roller
in its position under the sand or other roller first receiving the cloth
after its passing over the breast beam. This portion of the improvements
consists in causing the ends of the roller entering the slots formed in
the loom frame to rest or bear upon the upper plane or surface forming
the line of diameter of a segmental or half circle wheel supported on a
stud, the ends of the cloth roller when empty bearing upon the surface
furthermost from the center upon which such segmental wheel turns
the opposite side of the center forming a counterbalance; the teeth
of this wheel gear into a pinion fixed upon a boss, on one end of
which a break pulley or wheel is secured, and both of which are
supported by a bracket secured to the stretcher or framing of the loom.
Around this second wheel a metal clip or other strap is passed, one end
of which is permanently secured to the frame and the other end after
passing around the pulley or wheel is attached to a spring and screw,
passing through a fixing underneath whilst a tightening nut is placed
for the purpose of regulating the friction of the clip or strap upon the
wheel, thus as the cloth roller increases in diameter with the accumulation
of cloth thereupon it presses upon and causes the segmental wheel
slightly to revolve. The amount of pressure exerted by the cloth roller
for this purpose being compensated for and regulated through the
medium of the friction exerted by the friction clip or strap on the
periphery of the pulley on the pinion shaft gearing in the segmental
wheel. When it is desired to remove the cloth roller out and from
contact with the upper roller the pinion is drawn out of gear from the
segmental wheel, at which time the cloth roller is relieved from is
compensating support enabling it thereby to be readily removed for
unwinding or other purpose.
Secondly. The Invention relates to a novel form of apparatus to be
employed for "letting off" or delivering the yarn from the warp beam,
and the improvement consists in mounting the warp beam upon and
under corrugated roller, drum, or cylinder positively driven by suitable
gearing for regulating the delivery of the yarn from the beam according
to the quality of pick required; the yarn as it leaves the warp beam

page_text: passes under and between the corrugations of the supporting cylinder
and a smaller corrugated roller thence over the back rest or vibrator on
to the healds the selvage warps are kept well on to the cylinder or
drum supporting and actuating the delivery of the yarn by means of
finger guides over a flat portion of which the selvage warps pass, or they
are allowed to go direct from the beam over the vibrator.
Lastly. The Invention relates to an improved arrangement of apparatus
to be employed for easing the shuttle from the pressure of the swell at the
instant of picking, and the Invention consists in supporting a balance
lever or a fulcrum inside the loom frame in a position that will allow
one end of the said lever to come under the "frog tongue" and the
other end immediately under the crank, the said lever when in position
allows the crank in its revolution to come into contact and lower one
end of the lever which causes the opposite end under the "frog tongue
to raise and so relieve the "swell" the action of which takes place at
the instant the shuttle is "picking."
"-
In order that the Invention may be better understood and explained
in detail I have hereunto attached a Sheet of Drawing made upon a scale
of three inches equal to one foot, similar letters of reference being marked
on corresponding parts on all the Figures alike. Fig. 1 represents an
elevational view of the apparatus employed for supporting, regulating,
and adjusting the position and weight of the cloth roller; Fig. 2
represents a front elevation of the same; Fig. 3 represents a side
elevation of a loom framing having adapted thereto the improved
arrangement of apparatus employed for letting of and regulating the
delivery of yarn from the warp beam, and Fig. 4 represents an clevational
detached view of the improved arrangement and adaptation of the
"Swell easer." In Figs. 1 and 2, a, a, represents the framing of the
loom below the breast beam b, the cloth roller which is supported or
borne by the upper plane or surface forming the line of diameter of the
segmental wheel
which gears
C,
into the pinion d, the shaft supporting
this pinion has secured to it outside the framing the pulley e around
which is passed the steel strip f, and is caused to exert a given
pressure thereon by means of the screw and nut g, thus the ends of the
cloth roller when empty bear upon the surface of the segmental wheel c
furthermost from the center and gradually advance as the cloth
accumulates towards the center, the opposite side of the segmental wheel
forming a counterbalance, the resistance of which against the lowering

page_text: of the cloth beam is obtained through the medium of the pinion d, and
break clip or strap which when more or less pressure or resistance
is required to be given to the cloth roller, the strap f is tightened or
slackened by turning the nut upon the screw g in a direction according
to the resistance required. In Fig. 3, forming the second portion of
my improvements, and which relates to the letting off of the yarn from
the warp beam; a, a, is the framing, h is the cloth roller, i the vibrator,
k the slay, and 1 the warp beam which is supported upon the corrugated
cylinder or drum m; the grooves or corrugation of the cylinder gear
and are fitted with similar corrugation formed in the smaller roller or
cylinder n supported in brackets connected with the loom framing; the
under or supporting cylinder m is positively driven for regulating the
pick through the medium of the worm and wheel o and change
wheels p, through which motion is imparted from the finger q connected
to the rocking shaft of the slay k. The yarn on leaving the warp
beam passes first between the corrugations of the cylinders m and n,
then upwards over the vibrator i on to the healds, thus as the corrugated
rollers are caused positively to revolve through the medium of the
motion transmitted thereto from the rocking shaft of the slay they
regulate the delivery of yarn from the warp beam in accordance with
the quality of pick required, whether coarse or fine, according to the fabric
under manufacture. Fig. 4 relates to the third part of my Invention
and represents a detached elevationed view of the arrangement of
apparatus I employ for easing the swell at the instant of the shuttle
picking, and keeping it so eased until the shuttle has entered the opposite
box; in this view is a lever, the fulcrum of which is secured to the
loom side, one end of this lever is supplied with an adjustable projection s
which is situated immediately under the crank t in a position that will
admit of its being depressed with each revolution of the crank shaft
during the time the crank is moving over its surface; the opposite end of
the lever terminates at a point underneath the stop rod finger u in a
position that will admit of its coming into contact with and lifting the.
said finger each time the crank is depressing its opposite end. The
lever with its adjustable projections is arranged so that during the
time the crank is in contact therewith the lever u of the stop rod will
be raised so as to ease the swell of the shuttle box at the instant of
time the shuttle is picking, and is retained in that eased position until
the shuttle has entered the opposite box, at which time and before the,
shuttle is again expelled the swell is caused to exert its pressure on the.

page_text: shuttle so as to steady it in the box and so retain it until the instant of
picking, at which time there is a repetition of the relieving or easing
action.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I
do not limit myself to the precise details herein described and illus-
trated as the same may be varied without departing from the nature of
the said Invention, but I claim,-
First. The novel arrangement, construction, and adaptation to looms
of the segmental wheel shewn in Fig. 1 of the Drawings for supporting
the cloth beam of looms in the manner and for the purpose set forth and
described.
Secondly. I claim the novel employment, use, and adaptation to
looms of corrugated cylinders or rollers for holding and regulating
the delivery of yarn from the warp beam of looms in the manner
described and set forth in Figs. 2 and 3 of the Drawings.
And, lastly. I claim the novel employment, adaptation, and use of a
tappet lever for easing the swell of the shuttle boxes at the instant of
picking, and retaining the swell in that position until the shuttle has
entered the opposite box as herein-before described, set forth, and fully
illustrated in the Drawings attached.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, this
Sixteenth day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy.
WILLIAM HADFIELD. (L.S.)
Witness,
THO. WRIGLEY,
of the Firm Wrigley & Dawson,
Manchester,
Agents to the Patentee.