Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Feb., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 16th Nov., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 29th Jan., 1889
A communication from abroad by CHARLES VAN GAEL, of 147, Chaussée de Haecht,
Schaerbeck, in the Kingdom of Belgium.
I FRANÇOIS HUBERT LENDERS of 118 Bishopsgate Street in the City of
London, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
In specifications No. 11529 of the 24th of August 1887 and No. 13249 of the
30th September 1887 are described respectively a construction of lamp and a
modification of such construction which it is the purpose of the present invention to
further improve.
The body of the lamp is mounted on a foot or base having suitable openings for the
passage of air to the central tube and it has been found advantageous to form it in
such a shape as to obstruct as little as possible the downward reflection of the light.
In the reservoir is an orifice through which it may be filled, said orifice being closed
by a screw stopper having on its internal face a rubber or leather flap covering one or
more orifices, said flap being so arranged that the pressure of the gas from the oil
tends to close same as would also the oil itself if the lamp were upset while it still
allows of a sufficient quantity of air entering the lamp to replace the oil
consumed.
In place of the loose spindles and cogs employed for raising the wick my corre-
spondent proposes to employ a spindle having at the end a cog which operates a rack
travelling upon the outside of what in specification No. 11529 of 1887 was termed the
outer wick tube. Said rack passes through the cup shaped piece referred to in said
specification and into a case or scabbard which dips into the reservoir of the lamp. At
the bottom this rack is attached to a thin metal arm which passes out of this case on
to the inside of the wick tube and carries an annular thin metal ring having somewhat
inwardly projecting teeth which engage with a circular wick placed inside of said ring
and outside of the inner wick tube referred to in the specification last mentioned. In
D

page_text: this way the turning of the wick spindle operates the rack and through the thin metal
arm and annular ring raises or lowers the wick. The cap which was previously
employed to cover the cogs of the spindles is still retained and it has been found of
advantage to make it of perforated metal so as to permit of the circulation of air
around that part of the burner or tube, and it may be provided with a cavity to allow
of the rack bar passing through it when raised.
The construction of the flame deflecting tube and cap or discs is also modified. This
it has been found when inserted in the upper part of the wick tubes becomes highly
heated and communicates the heat through its wing pieces to the wick tubes and so to
the oil. To avoid this, said wing pieces are cut away as much as possible so as to
present only one or two small points of contact where they are supported by the wick
tube. The tube instead of being in two parts is made in one and carries three discs,
two being of the same size and placed close together at the top and a third somewhat
smaller at some distance lower down. From above the lowest disc the tube is freely
perforated to the top.
The air passing up inside the tube gets heated expands and passes through the
perforations above the lowest disc on to the inside of the flame, the combustion of
which it supports and improves, the great heat causing a partial vacuum to be formed
between the upper and second disc which producing a suction of air greatly assists in
steadying the flame. The upper disc is perforated as is also the portion of the tube
between the upper and the second disc.
To prevent as far as possible the heat from the glass chimney being communicated
to the reservoir, the gallery at the part upon which the chimney rests has three or more
projections or ridges formed upon it so that the chimney only rests upon it at these
points, such projections also raising the chimney and allowing room for air to pass
beneath and around the outside of the flame. To still further prevent the heat from
this gallery passing to the reservoir it may be provided with a ring of wood or other
non conducting material at the point where it rests upon the lamp. The lamp chimney
employed has a shape given to it which has been found to give the best results, and is
somewhat higher than that in ordinary use, for the purpose of slightly increasing the
draught.
1000
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London,
Applicant's Agent.

page_text: A communication from abroad by CHARLES VAN GAEL, of 147, Chaussée de Haecht,
Schaerbeck, in the Kingdom of Belgium.
I, FRANCOIS HUBERT LENDERS of 118 Bishopsgate Street in the City of London,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
In specifications No. 11,529 of the 24th of August 1887 and No. 13249 of the
30th September 1887 are described respectively a construction of lamp and a modi-
fication of such construction which it is the purpose of the present invention to
further improve.
To clearly explain the nature of the invention reference is made to the accompanying
drawings in which :
Fig. 1 is a vertical section of a lamp constructed according to this invention.
Fig. 2 is a plan of same with the chimney and flame deflector removed.
Fig. 3 shows said flame deflector in elevation and plan.
Fig. 4 shows the perforated cap employed to cover the wick raising rack and
pinion.
Fig. 5 shows the shape of the glass chimney it is preferred to employ.
Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of a portion of the lamp showing the wick raising
device.
Fig. 7 is a plan of same but with the portion of the gallery shewn in Fig. 6
removed.
Fig. 8 shows in sectional elevation and plan the stopper employed for closing the oil
reservoir.
According to the present invention the body or reservoir A of the lamp is mounted
on feet or a base having suitable openings, for the passage of air to the central tube as
shown. In the reservoir is an orifice through which it may be filled, said orifice being
closed by a screw stopper B, (Figs. 1, 2 and 8), having on its internal face a rubber
or leather flap a, hinged as shown, covering one or more orifices bb communicating
with an opening b¹ on its outer face, said flap being so arranged that the pressure of
the gas from the beated oil tends to close same, as would also the oil itself if the lamp
were upset, while it still allows of a sufficient quantity of air entering the lamp to
replace the oil consumed.
In place of the loose spindles and cogs employed for raising the wick my corre-
spondent proposes to employ the arrangement shown in Figs. 1, 2, 6 and 7, which
consists of a spindle C having at the end a pinion d which operates a rack e travelling
upon the outside of the outer wick tube D. Said rack passes through the cup shaped
piece E which is screwed into the body or reservoir, and into a case or scabbard f

page_text: which dips into the reservoir of the lamp. At the bottom this rack is attached to a
thin metal arm e' which passes out of the case f on to the 'inside of the wick tube in
which it supports an annular thin metal ring g having somewhat inwardly projecting
teeth g' which engage with a circular wick h, Fig. 1, placed inside of said ring, and
outside of the inner wick tube F which forms the central air passage. In this way
the turning of the wick spindle operates the rack e, and through the thin metal arm el
and annular ring g raises or lowers the wick. The cap G Figs. 1 and 4 if retained,
may with advantage be made of perforated metal so as to permit of the circulation of
air around that part of the burner or wick tube D, and it may be provided with a slot
as at G¹ to allow of the rack bar passing through it when raised. It is preferred
however to omit this cap G entirely and for the purpose of keeping these parts cool to
construct the gallery portion H of the lamp as described in the specification of
application No. 5518 dated 13th April 1888.
The construction of the flame deflecting tube I and cap, or discs is also modified,
see Figs. 1 and 3. This it has been found when inserted in the upper part of the wick
tubes becomes highly heated, and communicates the heat through its wing pieces i to
the wick tubes, and so to the oil. To avoid this, said wing pieces i are cut away as
shown so as to present only one or two small points of confact where they are supported
by the wick tube. The tube instead of being in two parts is made in one and
carries three discs jj and j¹, two j and j being of the same size and placed close
together at the top, and the third which is somewhat smaller being at some distance
lower down. From above this lowest disc j³ the tube is freely perforated to the top as
shown.
The air passing up inside the tube gets heated, expands and passes through the
perforations between the disc j and the lower disce j. (as shown by the arrows in
Fig. 1) inside of the flame, the combustion of which it supports and improves, the
great heat causing a partial vacuum to be formed between the two discs jj which
producing a suction of air, (as shown by the arrows) greatly assists in steadying the
flame. The upper of the two discs ; is perforated as shown in the plan view Fig. 3,
to further assist in this.
j
To prevent as far as possible the heat from the glass chimney being communicated
to the reservoir, the gallery H at the part upon which the chimney rests has three or
more projections or ridges k (Figs. 1 and 2) formed upon it so that the chimney only
rests upon said gallery at these points, such projections also raising the chimney and
allowing room for air to pass beneath and around the outside of the flame. To still
further prevent the heat from this gallery H passing to the reservoir it may be provided
with a ring of wood / or other non conducting material as shown in Fig. 6. at the point
where it rests upon the cup portion E of the lamp. The lamp chimney employed is
preferably of the shape shown in Fig. 5, that is to say, having the bulge Land the
flared top L', and is also somewhat higher than that in ordinary use for the purpose of
slightly increasing the draught.
Where the lamp is to be used for cooking purposes it is preferred to construct it as
described in the specification No. 13,249 of 1887 before referred to. In this case the
glass chimney and gallery portion would be dispensed with, and if desired the flame
deflecting tube also.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me
by my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is :--
1. In a lamp, a wick raising device consisting of a pinion and rack, the latter
working in a case and carrying a thin metal arm and suitable teeth for engaging the
wick substantially as described.
2. In a lamp a flame deflecting tube having the three discs and perforated portion
substantially as and for the purposes described.
3. In a lamp a stopper for the oil reservoir having a valve which will allow of
the admission of air while preventing the outflow of gas or oil substantially as
described.

page_text: 4. In a lamp a gallery portion having the raised ridges for supporting the
glass chimney and diminishing the heat imparted to the lamp substantially as
described.
5. In a lamp a gallery portion having thereon a ring of wood or heat insulating
material substantially as described.
6. In a lamp a chimney having a bulge and a flared upper portion substantially as
described.
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London,
Applicant's Agent.