IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF COAL GAS TARS FOR THE PURPOSE OF OBTAINING PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION OBTAINING CERTAIN USEFUL PRODUCTS THEREFROM
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Lowe, of Reddish, in the County of
Lancaster, Manufacturing Chemist, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF COAL GAS TARS FOR THE PURPOSE OF OBTAINING
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Lowe at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th October 1872.
I, CHARLES LOWE, of Reddish, in the County of Lancaster, Manu-
facturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF COAL GAS TARS FOR THE PURPOSE OF
OBTAINING CERTAIN USEFUL PRODUCTS THEREFROM," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to obtain carbolic, cressyllic, and other
acids from the mixed, dead, or heavy oils obtained in the ordinary
distillation of such material, as is commonly known as the London coal
tar, or those of a similar character. For this purpose I collect the said
dead or heavy oils, which are as is well known in a comparatively solid

page_text: state at ordinary temperatures immediately following the crude naptha
and other oils lighter than water, and heat them in any suitable
vessel, to from 100° to 212 Faht, after which they are agitated
with a solution of caustic soda, and "settled out" in the manner now
employed for the extraction of tar aciils from crude naptha, and other
oils lighter than water. During these operations the heat is maintained
to that point at which crystallization of napthaline will not recommence.
After settling out the soda solution I neutralize with an acid (sulphuric
by preference), and thus obtain carbolic and similar tar acids.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles Lowe in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 10th April 1973.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
Lowe, of Reddish, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturing Chemist,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most. Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Charles Lowe, Her special liccuse that I,
the said Charles Lowe, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Charles Lowe, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, usc, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF
COAL GAS TABS FOR THE PURPOSE OF OBTAINING CERTAIN USEFUL PRODUCTS THERE-
FROM," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Charles Lowe,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Lowe, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, that is to say :—
The object of my Invention is to obtain carbolic, cressyllic, and other
acids from the mixed, dead, or heavy oils obtained in the ordinary
distillation of such material as is commonly known as the London coal
tar, or tars of a similar character, and the process I adopt is as follows:-
I collect apart the first three hundred gallons, or any portion thereof, of
the oils heavier than water immediately following the crude naptha and
oils lighter than water obtained in the distillation of twelve and a half
tons of London gas tar, or tars of a similar character, which said oils,
heavier than water, are at ordinary temperatures in a partially solid state
owing to the deposition of crystallized napthaline, and have not
previously to this Invention been employed for the manufacture of
carbolic, cressyllic, and other tar acids. I heat those three hundred
gallons of heavy oils, or any portion thereof to a temperature varying
from one hundred degrees to two hundred and twelve degrees
Fahrenheit, either by the application of direct fire heat or steam to the
vessel containing them, or by the application of steam or hot air blown
directly into the oils. To the heavy oils thus heated, I apply any of the
well known processes hitherto only applicable for the extraction of crude
tar acids, to the crude naptha and light oils obtained from the London
gas tar or tars of a similar nature, taking care however that tho
temperature of the heavy oils and caustic soda solution of the tar acids
is kept during the whole of the time of the "settling out" of the caustic
soda solution of the tar acids at a degree of heat exceeding that at
which crystallization of the napthaline contained in the heavy oils
treated will recommence. This necessary degree of heat varies with the
proportion of napthaline present in the gas tars treated, but will always
be found between one hundred degrees and two hundred and twelve
degrees Fahrenheit.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I
desire it to be understood that I claim, as secured to me under the above
in part recited Letters Patent, the process substantially as above
described whereby the mixed, dead, or heavy oils from such tars as are

page_text: above referred to are in the aforesaid manner rendered available for the
extraction of carbolic, cressillic, and other acids.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Lowe, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Ninth day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.
CHAS. LOWE. (L.S.)