IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING, FORCING, AND EXHAUSTING FLUIDS, AIR, AND GASES
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ernest Francois Dillage, of 14, Boulevart Pois
sonniere, Paris, France, Manager of the Continual Motion Hydraulic and
Atmospherical Apparatus on Lassere's System Company, acting on
behalf of the said Company, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING, FORCING, AND EXHAUSTING FLUIDS,
AIR, AND GASES."-A communication from the said Society or Company.
Sealed the 23rd July 1858, and dated the 3rd February 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ernest Francois Dillage
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd February 1858..
I, ERNEST FRANCOIS DILLAGE, of 14, Boulevart Poissonniere, Paris, France,
Manager of the Continual Motion Hydraulic and Atmospherical Apparatus on
Lassere's System Company, acting on behalf of the said Company, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR.
APPARATUS FOR RAISING, FORCING, AND EXHAUSTING FLUIDS, AIR, AND GASES,"
a communication from the said Society or Company, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain peculiar constructions and arrangements
of continuous action apparatus suitable for the raising and forcing of fluids,
and for the blowing or exhausting of air and gases, and is particularly applicable
to the purposes of drainage of all kinds, the extinguishing of fires, and the irri-:

page_text: gation of land, and may also be advantageously employed as a blowing engine
in lieu of the ordinary fans and blowing engines at present in use,
This apparatus consists essentially of a hollow chamber, which I prefer to
be of a square section, composed of cast-iron or other suitable material.
This chamber is formed on each of its four sides with one or more recesses, in
each of which works a flexible diaphragm attached to a hinged plate, and
receiving an oscillating motion from suitable mechanism arranged for that
purpose. Each of the recesses is connected by means of two pipes fitted
with suitable clock valves, with a lower and an upper reservoir. From the
lower reservoir a suction pipe leads to the well or other locality to be drained
or exhausted, whilst the discharge pipe is connected to the upper reservoir.
The requisite oscillating or vibratory motion is imparted in a continuous
manner to the diaphragms by the aid of suitable cranks and slotted levers and
links worked by bevel or other gearing, or a series of revolving arms and
pullies may be used acting upon inclines on the backs of the diaphragms.
In order to prevent the choking of the apparatus by the entrance
therein of large foreign matters, it is proposed to employ gratings and depo-
siting chambers, which latter in some cases may be cleaned out by a jet of
water admitted therein from the reservoir above. Or, in place of a fixed
grating, a revolving perforated drum or cylinder may be employed placed at
the mouth of the suction pipe, which cylinder will not be so liable to clog as
a stationary grating. This cylinder may be driven when requisite to clean it
by means of an endless chain, which may be fitted with teeth or scrapers for
the purpose of removing the dirt which falls beneath the drum.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed 2
by the said Ernest Francois Dillage in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 2nd August 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ERNEST
FRANCOIS DILLAGE, of 14, Boulevart Poissonniere, Paris, France, Manager of
the Continual Motion Hydraulic and Atmospherical Apparatus on Lassere's 3
System Company, acting on behalf of the said Company, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria; by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,. 8
the said Ernest Francois Dillage, Her special license that I, the said

page_text: Ernest Francois Dillage, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Ernest Francois Dillage, my executors, administrators,
or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING,
FORCING, AND EXHAUSTING FLUIDS, AIRS, AND GASES," a communication from the
said Society or Company, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Ernest Francois Dillage, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Ernest Francois Dillage, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
My said Invention relates to certain peculiar constructions and arrange-
ments of continuous action apparatus suitable for the raising and forcing of
fluids, and for the blowing or exhausting of air and gases, and particularly
applicable to the purposes of drainage of all kinds, the extinguishing of fires,
and the irrigation of land, and may also be advantageously employed as a
blowing engine in lieu of the ordinary fans and blowing engines at present
in use.
This apparatus consists essentially of a hollow chamber, which I prefer to
be of a square section composed of cast iron or other suitable material; this
chamber is formed on each of its four sides with one or more recesses, in
each of which works a flexible diaphragm attached to a hinged plate, and
receiving an oscillating motion from suitable mechanism arranged for that
purpose. Each of the recesses is connected by means of two pipes fitted with
suitable clack valves with a lower and an upper reservoir. From the lower
reservoir a suction pipe leads to the well or other locality to be drained or
exhausted, whilst the discharge pipe is connected to the upper reservoir. The
requisite oscillating or vibratory motion is imparted in a continuous manner
to the diaphragms by the aid of suitable cranks and slotted levers and links
worked by bevel or other gearing, or a series of revolving arms and pullies
may be used acting upon inclines on the backs of the diaphragms.

page_text: In order to prevent the choking of the apparatus by the entrance therein
of large foreign matters, it is proposed to employ gratings and depositing
chambers, which latter in some cases may be cleaned out by a jet of water
admitted therein from the reservoir above. Or, in place of a fixed grating, a
revolving perforated drum or cylinder may be employed placed at the mouth
of the suction pipe, which cylinder will not be so liable to clog as a stationary
grating. This cylinder may be driven or rotated when requisite to clean it,
by means of an endless chain, which may be fitted with teeth or scrapers for
the purpose of removing the dirt which falls beneath the drum.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I shall
refer to the several Figures in the Sheets of Drawings hereunto annexed, the
same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts throughout all the
corresponding Figures.
Figures 1 and 2 (Sheet 1 of my Drawings), Figure 3 (Sheet 2), and Figures
4 and 5 (Sheet 1), represent my apparatus as constructed for effecting the
ventilation of mines, or as a lift and force pump suitable for drainage works
or irrigating purposes. Figures 6 and 7 (Sheet 1) shew it as being more
particularly arranged to be worked as a fire engine.
Figures 8, 9, 10, and 11 (Sheet 2), represent it arranged as a ship's pump,
and Figures 12, 13, and 14 (Sheet 2), shew other arrangements and com-
binations of the actuating or driving mechanism.
Figure 1, on Sheet 1 of my Drawings, is a vertical section of one of my
modified forms of apparatus; Figure 2 is a horizontal section of the same;
Figure 3 is a sectional detailed view of an arrangement for excluding dirt and
other extraneous matter from entering the pump; Figure 4 is an external
elevation of my apparatus, with a modification in the driving mechanism; and
Figure 5 is a horizontal section of the same.
A is a casing of cast iron or other metal, which I prefer to be of a square
form; on each of the four sides of this casing are formed openings in which
work the suction and forcing portions of the pump. Metal coverings, B and
B', are placed over these openings and secured by flanges and bolts at b.
Each of the recesses formed by the covers B, B', is fitted with a pipe C, C¹,
which may be either cast with it or fixed on in any convenient manner; these
pipes are fitted with two clack valves c, the lower one of which serves as a
suction valve and the upper one as a discharge valve. In this instance there
are eight pipes C, C¹, corresponding to the number of the recesses B, B', but
this number may of course be varied at pleasure. The whole of these pipes
communicate with the lower chamber D and also with the upper chamber E.

page_text: To the interior of the casing A, and in front of the openings and recesses B,
B³, are jointed moveable flaps F, which operate in a similar manner to the
moveable part of a bellows; to these flaps are fitted sides f, composed of leather
or any other impermeable and flexible material. By the movement of these
parts the liquid is drawn into the vessel, and then expelled, and the quick and
regular succession of the eight different divisions (which are actuated by very
simple machinery) produces a continuously discharging jet or current. The
top chamber E is provided with a discharge pipe G and the lower chamber D
with a suction pipe H; this latter is provided with an apparatus for the pur-
pose of preventing the pump from becoming choked. It consists of a chamber
I separated from the pipe H by means of a grating J. All dirt and extraneous
matter drawn up by the pump will strike against this grating, and fall into the
chamber I, which will require to be cleansed from time to time.
It will sometimes occur that this last-named operation cannot be accom-
plished in consequence of the necessity of keeping the pumps continually in
action, as in the case of a sinking ship; I propose to adopt under such
circumstances the following arrangement:-From the side of the chamber H
a pipe K is led to the upper chamber E; by this means a quantity of the
discharged water may be made to pass downwards by simply opening a valve.
The rush of water thus obtained will then effect the cleansing of the reservoir
I of all extraneous objects.
Figure 3 shews another modification of apparatus for the same purpose.
The suction pipe H in this modification opens into a drum or casing L which
is capable of revolving; this drum L entirely closes the orifice of the pipe H,
and its circumference and ends are perforated with a number of holes, through
which the liquid is drawn, leaving the dirt and grit behind; this casing or
drum thus fulfils the same function as the grating above described. When
the surface of the drum L becomes choked with dirt, by simply turning it
round the dirt and other matters are removed by coming in contact with the
edge of the pipe H; this rotatory movement may be imparted by means of an
endless chain M, which latter is fitted with teeth or scrapers m which will
remove the dirt that falls beneath the suction pipe.
I shall now proceed to describe the mechanism which I employ for im-
parting motion to the hinged flaps F. The motion is derived from a crank
or winch handle N fixed on a shaft O, which is supported by the casing A;
a spur wheel P drives a shaft p by means of a pinion, and motion is trans-
mitted thence to the vertical shaft Q through a pair of bevil wheels 9. The
pump may be driven by other methods, and a fly wheel added thereto at pleasure.
In Figures 1 and 2 the shaft Q is terminated by a crank r, the pin of

page_text: which travels in a groove formed in the lever R; this latter works on a joint
fixed to one of the internal angles of the casing A. The lever R has also a
pin r, which actuates in a similar manner a second lever R¹, which works
on a joint at the opposite angle of the casing. Each of these levers R and
R¹.drives the two adjacent bellows flaps F, by means of the short connecting
rods S. The lower set of flaps are actuated in a similar manner by the levers
S which work on the axes S' of the levers R and R'. In Figures 4 and 5
the shaft is prolonged, and carries four arms R arranged at or near right
angles to each other, and fitted each with an antifriction roller or pulley r, r.
These pullies act upon inclines S fixed on the backs of the flaps F. The
contiguous flaps are coupled in pairs by rods s, so that the flap which is
moving outwards or forcing the fluid already lifted tend to draw inwards
the contiguous flap, and cause it to draw up or lift the fluid, and vice versa.
In the following Figures the principles of construction and mode of working
the pumps and the apparatus for preventing the clogging of the pumps will
be found to correspond to those; already described, but in a modified, form.
Figure 6 is a vertical section.of.the apparatus adapted as a fire engine; and
Figure 7is a horizontal:section of the same, taken along the linė 5-6: This
apparatus. is: driven by the shaft Q, carrying the cross arms R, which are
terminated by antifriction pullies or. rollers rolling over inclines on the backs
of the flaps, for the purpose of actuating the same. At the lower extremity
of the shaft is fixed a knife H for the purpose of cutting any grass or other
vegetable or foreign matter which may be drawn into the pump, and so keep
the suction valves free from obstructions. The water is poured over the
.concave perforated plate U, so as to prevent the introduction of large foreign
bodies; the water then fills the space V and passes thence to the space at 0,
and is drawn up by the pipes C, and afterwards forced into the upper annular
chamber c, from which chamber it escapes with considerable force through the
discharge pipe D. In this arrangement the flaps F are coupled by the forked
levers or arms X, which bear against pins or studs v, fixed on to the side of
each of the inclines on the flaps. By this means, when one of the flaps F is
compressed for the purpose of forcing the fluid, the lever or arm X draws out
the next flap, so as to draw up more water ready for being forced upwards
by the next outward movement of the flap, and so on continuously in a regular
and steady manner.
Figure 8 (Sheet 2) is a longitudinal section of an arrangement applicable
as a ship's pump; Figure 9 is a horizontal section of the same, taken along the
line 7-8; and Figures 10 and 11 represent respectively an end view and plan
of an arrangement shewing the mode of driving by a continuous rotatory

page_text: motion. The apparatus is fixed against the under side of the ship's deck, to
which it is secured by the lugs or ears y; it is driven by a lever Z working
on a centre at a, imparting motion to the rod T, which extends the whole
length of the machine, and slides longitudinally in the guides t; to this bar
are jointed the two pairs of links S, which are also jointed to the flaps F, and
serve to impart motion to them in such a manner that when two of the flaps
are sucking the two others will be forcing, and so on alternately and con-
tinuously. It is obvious that the oscillating motion of the lever Z may be
imparted to the flaps by means of a crank or winch handle M, as shewn at
Figures 10 and 11. The lever Z alone may be continued above deck, and it
may be fitted with a horizontal cross bar or handle to enable the necessary
number of hands to be employed for working the pump. Figures 12 and
13 represent respectively a side elevation and sectional plan of a modification
in the mode of working this pump. According to this arrangement the rod
or shaft T, in place of having a longitudinal sliding reciprocating motion
imparted to it, receives through the handle M a rotatory motion; this shaft
T is cranked at x, x, to which cranks are connected the links S which actuate
the flaps.
Figure 14 represents a sectional plan of an apparatus fitted with two
ranges or series of flaps, thereby doubling the powers of the machine, by
simply repeating the actuating details on two portions of the driving shaft Q.
The course of the antifriction pulleys is so arranged that when one has
arrived at the bottom of the incline on the flap the other is at the top of its
respective incline, by which means a continuous action is maintained.
The rods & serve to connect the opposite flaps, so that as one is moving
outwards the other is moving inwards, and consequently a continuous lifting
and forcing of the fluid is obtained.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe in conclusion that I do not confine or restrict
myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to
describe or refer to, as variations may be made therefrom without deviating from
the principles or main features of my said Invention; but what I consider to
be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by
the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the peculiar constructions, arrangements, and combinations of
machinery or apparatus for raising and forcing and exhausting fluids, air, or
gases, as herein-before described.
Second, the peculiar constructions and arrangements of apparatus for pre-

page_text: venting the choking of the suction pipes of pumps, and for expelling any dirt.
or extraneous matter which may be driven therein, as herein-before described..
In witness whereof, I, the said Ernest Francois Dillage, have hereunto.
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of July, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-eight.
ERNEST FRANCOIS DILLAGE: (L.S.)