IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS
Year: 1885

page_text: I ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of 323 High Holborn in the county of Middlesex,
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of the said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LAMPS (a communication from Charles Weiss of Neunkirchen, Austria) to be
as follows:-
"
The object of this Invention is to light large spaces with clear bright flame and.
a cheap illuminant such as petroleum and with lamps of substantially the usual
construction but without the fragile cylinders or globes of glass usually employed.
This is effected by connecting the lamps with a ventilator or other device
producing a current of air and by introducing a current of air into the lamp under
the flame.
T
"
A lamp without chimney or globe will burn well i.e. brightly and without
smoke, if a current of air is constantly passed through the flame and this is best
done by allowing the said current to enter below the flame and to flow through
the latter from below upwards. The free access of air into the lamp or the flame
must be prevented and consequently the lamp must be closed at the sides.
The lamp employed according to this invention may be of any suitable general
construction for illuminating factories with the cheaper grades of petroleum I may
use a lamp, such as hereinafter described.
This lamp is a petroleum lamp of the usual construction; and is fitted with a
cap or hood surrounding the air holes and closed at all sides, the hood or cap
terminates in a tube communicating with a ventilator by a tube or pipe. The
wick floating in the lamp is turned up or down as usual by the aid of a stud.
A perforated or sieve like plate serves to divide the current of air passing through
the tube which will thus reach the flame in fine jets.
All the tubes or coupling pieces of the several lamps which are to be used are
connected by tubes or pipes with the apparatus for furnishing the current of air.
In establishments where currents of air are already regularly produced, by
ventilators for instance, and are therefore available these currents are conducted

page_text: into the interior of the lamps by the connecting pipes or tubes, reach the air hole's
and passing under the flame flow upwards through it.
Where a number of lamps are to be kept burning and where the requisite
currents of air are not at command, as for illuminating towns, dwellings,
factories & these currents will have to be produced by fans exhausters or other
suitable apparatus communicating with the separate lamps by the connections
above stated. The arrangement of a special fan or the like may however be
avoided by feeding the lamps from a reservoir of air the air being to this end
compressed to a certain extent and fed from the reservoir to the lamps through a
regulating valve.
The advantages of this invention are.
Avoidance of all glass parts, particularly chimney, globes or shades the pro-
duction of a very clear brilliant flame whatever kind of illuminant may be used
and by reason of the peculiar manner of admitting the air considerable diminution
of the risk of explosion.
Lamps of any construction now in use can easily be adapted according to this.
invention by closing their sides with a hood or casing and by making provision for
a constant supply of air.
The kind of illuminant employed in lamps embodying this invention whether
solid liquid or gaseous is immaterial it has to be particularly noted however that
even the worst kinds of illuminant, for instance the cheapest petroleum, the lowest
grades of lamp oil and the like may be used with success and in all cases a flame
will be obtained which is free from smoke and does not emit noxious or ill
swelling gases as the combustion of the illuminant is effected perfectly.

page_text: I ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of 323 High Holborn in the county of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention (a communication from
Charles Weiss of Neunkirchen, Austria Director of Works) and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
This Invention relates to lamps without glass chimneys and having the
necessary draught for the smokeless and brilliant combustion of the petroleuni
produced by an artificial current of air which is conveyed into the lamps by a fan
blower or the like, or which arrives from a reservoir containing compressed air,
according to the form of the burner, said current of air may be caused to surround
the flame or to rise within it or to simultaneously escape along the outer and inner
surface of the flame.
Obviously lamps of the kind in question can only be economically used, when
there are large buildings to be lighted by a number of them. In this case it is a
drawback of the system, that the air does not arrive at the same pressure in all
lamps, and thus the quantity of air the flames are supplied with is too small in
some lamps, too large in others.
According to this invention, said inconvenience is done away with by forming
round each burner a comparatively large air chamber, communicating with the air
conduit through a screw valve, and having its top side finely perforated.
In the annexed sheet of drawings.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a lamp into the air chamber of which the
compressed air can be conveyed either through the suspension bow and across the
oil reservoir, or through a pipe especially provided for this purpose.
Figure 2 is a plan of this lamp, the air chamber being shown in section.
Figure 3 is a vertical section of the cap forming the air chamber...
Figure 4 is a sectional elevation of a lamp having three burners, and the air
current arriving through the suspension bow.
Figure 5 is a plan view of this lamp with a portion of the air chamber cut
away.
The burner a is screwed into the reservoir b and carries a slotted or perforated
crown c which is closed on its upper end by a gauze diaphragm d.
Over the burner a is placed a cap or cover e, having its bottom resting on the
neck of the reservoir b as shown at b¹ in the drawing, while the upper part of cap e
rests upon the slotted crown c, thus the cap e forms about the burner an annular
air chamber, the top of which is formed by the gauze diaphragm d.
When one burner only is used, a closer contact between the air current and the
flame is obtained than usual, by means of a slotted metal cover / soldered to the
cap e, while in the case of a three lamp being used, the said cover f is fitted upon
the crown c; it is obvious however that either method may be adopted.
The compressed air may be conveyed into the annular air chamber formed by
the cap e, either through an inlet e¹ inserted in the side of said cap or through the
suspension bow and one or more tubes h running from the bottom to the top
of the oil reservoir b. In the first case the pressure existing within the annular

page_text: chamber is suitably regulated by means of a valve, which consists of a flat spring j
covering the mouth of the inlet e¹, & adjusted to the required position by means of
a screw as best shown in Figure 2.
To prevent the air from being upwardly deflected by the spring ; and from
passing direct to the gauze diaphragm d, a projecting strip 2 soldered above the
mouth of the inlet e¹ diverts the current of air as shown in Figure 3. The wick is
raised and lowered by means of the button K.
When the air is supplied through the suspension bow g the pressure of the same
is controlled by means of the screw-valve l.
In lamps having one burner only, the small shaft carrying the button K projects
outside the cape through a slot or hole formed on the lower edge of said cap, and
when the current of compressed air is allowed to pass through the lamp, the
current will take in a fresh quantity of air through said hole; several similar
holes may be formed, when the quantity of air supplied by the conduit is not
.sufficient.
In Figure 5 the buttons or keys k¹ are shown detachable with a portion of the
small shaft projecting, this arrangement being to admit of the ends of the shafts
passing by the other burners when a burner is screwed in or unscrewed. Figure 5
also shows a wire fabric & closing the mouth of the sole central air supply pipe
and thus dividing and deflecting the induced current.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondent I declare that what I claim is :-
1st In a lamp without a glass chimney and having an artificial air supply, the
arrangement on each lamp of a system supplied by a common generator or reservoir
of compressed air, of an annular air chamber surrounding the burner and having
its top side made of wire gauze, the necessary pressure being maintained in this
chamber by means of a screw-valve through which the compressed air arrives
substantially as specified.
2nd In a lamp without a glass chimney and having an artificial air supply, the
conveyance of the compressed air through the tubular suspension bow g and one or
more tubes h running from the bottom to the top of the oil reservoir b; the upper
orifice of sole central tube h being closed with a wire gauze & which splits up the
current of air substantially as specified.
3rd In a lamp without a glass chimney and having an artificial air supply, the
arrangement of the inlet e' through which the air enters the annular chamber
opposite to the button k by means of which the wick is raised and lowered; the
mouth of the inlet e¹ being covered by a plate spring j, which can be moved nearer
'to or farther from said mouth by means of a screw j¹ substantially as specified.
3000
1.1000