Improvements in and relating to Pneumatic Tyres for Wheels of Velocipedes and other Vehicles.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Nov., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 16th Feb., 1893--Accepted, 18th Mar., 1893
Improvements in and relating to Pneumatic Tyres for Wheels of
Velocipedes and other Vehicles.
We, AUGUSTE JEAN BAPTISTE BOURDON, and ANTOINE DOURIS, both of
Macon, in the Republic of France, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
T
Our invention relates to pneumatic tyres for wheels of velocipedes and other
vehicles and has for its object to render the air chamber of such tyres
unpuncturable.
The characteristic feature of this air chamber lies in its great amplitude which
has the effect that, despite the internal pressure, it is never stretched, and that
perforations are rendered impossible by reason of the mobility and extreme
extensibility which this sectional amplitude ensures.
This air chamber is displaced under the least action and it consequently yields
despite the internal pressure under the action of sharp or pointed bodies, such as
nails, glass, flints and the like.
The air chamber, made for instance of para indiarubber, is ample that is to say
has a much greater sectional development than the interior development of the
envelope or tube designed to contain it. For example the diameter of the air
chamber may be double the diameter of that of its envelope or tube so that the air
chamber, by the effect of the pneumatic pressure is folded more or less regularly
against the interior periphery of the said envelope or tube..
This envelope or tube may also be made of india-rubber and is in contact with
the tyre cover of the wheel.
In the direction of the circumference the air chamber and envelope or tube are
held one against the other only by the pipe through which the introduction of the
air takes place. The total length of the air chamber exceeds somewhat the length
of the envelope or tube.
Suppose a nail traverses the tyre cover and the envelope or tube its point will
displace the chamber without puncturing the same, and after its extraction the
chamber will cover up the perforation in the envelope or tube. After the removal
of the nail the air chamber has changed its position and the parts of the chamber
and of the envelope or tube which were in contact will not then coincide with each
other, which ensures the efficacy of our invention.
The air chamber may be constituted by a more or less large portion of the
envelope or tube and by a kind of lining of indiarubber the edges of which are
cemented to the interior of the said envelope or tube so as to have between the
cemented surfaces a much larger development than the development of the covered
part of the envelope or tube between these points.
In building up the pneumatic tyre the lining is arranged against that surface
portion of the tyre which comes in contact with the ground, so that all bodies liable to
puncture or tear, the tyre and the envelope or tube will only raise or displacé the
fining which yields under the action without being punctured.
The said air chamber and lining may be made of pure indiarubber or of india-
rubber surrounding or covering silk or other suitable fabric.
Dated this 18th day of November 1892.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicants.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Pneumatic Tyres for Wheels of
Velocipedes and other Vehicles.
We, AUGUSTE JEAN-BAPTISTE BOURDON, Landlord, and ANTOINE DOURIS,
Manufacturer, both of Mâcon, in the Republic of France, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention relates to pneumatic tyres for wheels of velocipedes and other
vehicles and has for its object to render the air chamber of such tyres
unpuncturable.
One of the characteristic features of this air chamber consists in its great ampli-
tude which has the effect that, despite the internal pressure, it is never stretched,
but folded if considered in its transverse section, so that this laterally and longi-
tudinally extensible chamber renders perforation impossible by reason of the
extreme mobility and extensibility which this sectional fulness ensures.
The other characteristic feature consists in the arrangement of the said ample air
chamber in an envelope which is placed between it and the tyre.
It will be understood that this air chamber which has a much greater sectional
development than its envelope and a somewhat greater total length than the said
envelope is displaced laterally under the least action and it consequently yields
despite the internal pressure under the action of sharp or pointed bodies such as
nails, glass, flints and the like.
In the accompanying drawings.
Figure 1 is a transverse section of a tyre constructed according to our
invention.
Figure 2 is the section of the envelope of the air chamber.
Figure 3 is a section of the air chamber expanded and
Figure 4 is a transverse section of a modification.
The air chamber, a made for instance of para india rubber is ample, that is to say,
it has a much greater sectional development than the interior development of the
envelope or tube designed to contain it. In the drawing we have shewn by way of
example that the diameter of the air chamber a is about double the diameter of its
envelope or tube so that the air chamber, by the effect of the pneumatic pressure
is folded more or less regularly against the interior periphery of the said envelope
or tube b (see Figure 1).
This envelope or tube b may also be made of indiarubber and is in contact with
the tyre cover c of the wheel.
In the direction of the circumference the air chamber a and envelope or tube b
are held one against the other, only by the pipe d through which the introduction of
the air takes place. The length of the air chamber a exceeds, somewhat, the
length of the envelope or tube b, for instance by about ten to fifteen centimetres.
However the amplitude of the chamber depends on the dimensions of the tyre;
for in certain cases it may be of a development which is either less or more than
double, and may even be equal to three times the section development of the
envelope.
If a nail, a piece of glass or the like passes through the envelope b it will displace
the part of the chamber which it encounters without puncturing the same; and if
the said nail or the like also perforates the air chamber, the latter at the moment of
the removal of the nail or piece of glass, takes against the side of the envelope a
different position from that originally occupied.
From this it results in all cases, that no escape of compressed air can take place,
first because the perforations will not coincide with each other, and because the air
chamber by one of its unperforated parts will stop up the perforation made in its
envelope.

page_text: Thus it will be seen that our new air chamber cannot be punctured or rather
deflated, by puncturing and has therefore a permanently effective action and is of
great durability.
In Figure 4 we have shown how the air chamber may consist of a more or less
large portion of the envelope or tube b and a kind of lining of indiarubber the
edges of which are cemented to the interior of the said envelope or tube so as to
have between the cemented surfaces g g¹ a much larger development than the
development of the covered part of the envelope or tube between these points 9 g¹.
In building up the pneumatic tyre the lining fis arranged against that surface
or portion of the tyre which comes in contact with the ground, so that all
bodies liable to puncture or tear the tyre and the envelope or tube b will only
raise or displace the lining f which yields under the action without being
punctured; and if it is punctured the consecutive fold will close the hole.
The said air chamber a (Figures 1, 2 and 3) and lining (Figure 4) may be
made of pure indiarubber, or of indiarubber surrounding or covering silk or
other suitable fabric.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
:-
1. In pneumatic tyres for wheels of velocipedes and other light vehicles, a
laterally and horizontally extensible air chamber made of a hose or tube of
indiarubber, hermetically closed, which is made of a larger sectional development
than the sectional development of the tube or envelope which contains it and
of a total length equal to or perceptibly larger than the length of the envelope
with which it is united only by the air admission nozzle or nozzles, the said
envelope being interposed between the elastic tyre and the air chamber.
Second. In pneumatic tyres for wheels or velocipedes and other vehicles, an
air chamber made of a portion of a tube or pipe and a kind of lining of a
larger sectional development than the sectional development of the part of the
envelope which this lining covers, the latter being cemented by its edges to the
inner circumference of the tube in which it is placed, this tube being interposed
between the elastic tyre and the air chamber, the entire length of the said lining.
Dated this 16th day of February 1893.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicants.