IMPROVEMENTS STITCHING." IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SEWING OR
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Tiot Judkins, of Britannia Works,
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS
STITCHING."
IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SEWING OR
Scaled the 12th January 1853, and dated the 16th October 1852.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Tiot
the said
Judkins at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 16th October 1852.
I, CHARLES TIOT JUDKINS, of Britannia Works, Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SEWING OR
STITCHING," to be as follows:-
My improvements relate principally to the arrangement of the neces-
sary machinery to give the required motion to the needle and shuttle
in sewing or stitching any kind of material, and also in the means or
method of suppling the needle and shuttle with the requisite silk,
thread, or other material. The needle has a vertical motion, and the
shuttle a horizontal one. The material to be sewed or stitched rests
upon a plate or surface. The whole operation will be easily seen
by reference to the accompanying sketch or outline Drawings. But I
wish it to be distinctly understood that I do not confine myself to the
exact details shown thereon, as I consider this description merely an
outline of my Invention, which I will more clearly and fully explain in

page_text: my complete Specification. Fig. 1, represents a side elevation of my
improved machine with the side plate off. Fig. 2, a front elevation of
the same with the front plate off. Fig. 3, a plan thereof. Fig. 4, a
side elevation with the side plate off, showing a different shaped cam
working both needle and shuttle, instead off two cams, as shown in
the last views; and Fig. 5, is a plan of the cam and shuttle.
a, represents the frame; b, the needle; c, the shuttle; d, the cam
which works the needle; e, the cam which works the shuttle; f, a
finger to hold the thread; g, a compound apparatus to regulate the
supply of the thread; 7, a plate; and k, the cams which give motion to
the compound apparatus g.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles Tiot Judkins in the Great Seal Patent
Office, on the 15th April 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
CHARLES TIOT JUDKINS, of Britannia Works, Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, sond greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, and in the six-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Charles Tiot Judkins, Her especial
license that I, the said Charles Tiot Judkins, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles Tiot Judkins, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SEWING OR STITCHING," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Charles Tiot Judkins, should parti-
cularly describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and scal, and cause the same to be filed in the Great

page_text: Scal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent, as reference being thereunto had
will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Tiot Judkins, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, that is to say :-
My Invention relates to an improved arrangement and combination
of machinery for sewing or stitching by a needle and shuttle, and of
regulating the supply of the silk or thread to the needle and shuttle so.
as to keep it to a proper tension during the operation of sewing or
stitching, with a means of enabling the mechanism to accommodate
itself to different thicknesses of silk, thread, or material. I work the
shuttle by a driver, between the ends of which the shuttle lies with a
slight play, so that when the driver acts on the back end of it to force
it through the loop or bow formed by the vertical needle passing the
silk or thread through the material, and then partially rising or return-
ing, there is sufficient space between the forward end of the driver and
the shuttle for the passage of the thread, and at the end of this motion
the shuttle remains nearly in a state of rest for an instant, whilst the
driver receives a slight back movement to permit the passage of the
thread between the back end of the shuttle and the driver. The
shuttle remains nearly stationary whilst the needle is rising, and at the
time the feed motion is given to the cloth, by means of which there arc
three pulls given simultaneously, the upward pull of the needle on the
needle thread, the feed motion of the cloth or material in one direction,
and the strain in the other, so that the two threads are drawn together
to draw the stitch tight. The small spool or bobbin which supplies the
shuttle with the silk or thread is placed in the shuttle, and in the axle
or tube thereof is a spring to control or regulate the supply of the silk
or thread to the shuttle. The throad to the vertical needle is regulated
or controlled during the downward motion by means of a regulator turn-
ing on a pin or wire, which makes a slight pressure on the silk or
thread as the needle descends, which pressure may be increased or
diminished, as circumstances may require, by simply turning the lever
thereof a little up or down. The silk or thread passes from the

page_text: spool or hobbin, which is fixed on the frame of the machine in any
convenient position, through the said regulator connected to the
machine nearly opposite to the needle carrier, is guided to the bottom
part of the vertical needle, and passed through an eye about half
an inch from its point, so that as the needle descends it passes through
the cloth, and then partially rises or returns, thus forming a loop
or bow; then the shuttle carries the silk or thread through the loop or
bow, and it is tightened as already described, thus forming a stitch.
The nature of these improvements will be better understood by
reference to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, in which the same
letters of reference are used to represent similar parts where different
views or diagrams are shown. Fig. 1, is a side elevation of my
improved machine with the outer plate off, in order to shew the work-
ing parts in the interior thereof. Fig. 2, is a front view of the same.
Fig. 3, a plan thereof; and Fig 4, a view of the spindle or bobbin in
the shuttle. a, represents the frame of the machine; b, the handle and
fly which turn the shaft c, carrying the cam d, which moves the larger
bell crank e, giving vertical motion to the needle guide or carrier f
g, is another can on the shaft c, which turns the bell crank 1, giving
motion to the shuttle i. Fig. 4, is the small spool or bobbin which
works in the shuttle on which is wound the silk or thread to supply
the shuttle, and in the centre or hollow axle of this small spool or
bobbin is a spiral spring to regulate or controul the said supply. k is a
spool or bobbin, from which the thread or silk is conveyed to the per-
pendicular needle carrier f. is a notched bar or bearing on which
the material to be sowed rests, which material is held to it by the spiral
spring m, pressing the plate n upon the material, and keeping it in the
required position. o is a small spring plate on the said carriage m,
which prevents the material from rising or the stitch being missed
when a scam or increased thickness of material presents itself. p is a
presser pad with an incline, for the purpose of holding the thread or
silk and preventing a loop or bow forming behind the needle during its
downward motion. q is a small cross bar with perforations, through
which the different thicknesses of thread or silk pass, and may be regu-
lated as the said inclined presser may require. On the cam d are pro-
jections, shewn at ", which act upon one end of the smaller bell

page_text: crank s, which is kept up to its work by the spring t; the other end of
the crank & acts upon the said inclined pressure pad p. The silk or
thread from the spool or bobbin to the vertical needle is regulated by
the regulator &, turning on the pin , which makes a slight pressure
on the silk or thread as it descends with the needle, and passes through
the cyelet hole to, and is twisted round the wire by the pin v, and
then passes through another eyclet hole y, and through a guide con-
nected with the needle carrier to the cyc near the point of the needle,
as before stated.
Having thus described the nature and particulars of my said im-
provements, I desire it to be distinctly understood that I do not confine
myself to the exact details herein described, as such may be varied or
modified without departing from the principle thereof; but I claim as
new and of my Invention the combination and arrangement of the
various parts of machinery for sowing or stitching with the use of a
ncedle and shuttle, the methods of regulating the supply of the thread
or silk to the needle and shuttle, the arrangement of accommodating
the machinery to the different thicknesses of the thread or silk, and the
means of preventing the material rising or the missing of the stitch
when different thicknesses present themselves, as hercin described and
illustrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Tiot Judkins, have
hereunto set my hand and scal, this Fourteenth day of
April, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-threo.
CHARLES TIOT JUDKINS. (L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by
the within-named Charles Tiot
Judkins, in the presence of
E. J. HUGHES,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.