IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING YARNS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF THREAD, AND IN THE MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREFOR.
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Hutcheson, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Managing Partner of the Clyde Spinning
Company, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING YARNS
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF THREAD, AND IN THE MACHINERY EMPLOYED
THEREFOR.
"
Sealed the 11th December 1874, and dated the 6th October 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Hutcheson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th October 1874.
I, JOHN HUTCHESON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Managing Partner of the Clyde Spinning Company, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING
YARNS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF THREAD, AND IN THE MACHINERY EMPLOYED
THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention, which relates to improvements in the preparation of
yarns for the manufacture of thread, has for its object to produce a
constant tension or drag on the yarns as they are wound off from cops

page_text: or pirns on to bobbins, either singly or when doubled; also to impart
a dressing or finish to the said yarns as they are wound off from the cops
or pirns.
The Invention consists of an inverted conical cup, or a segment
thereof, whose internal taper corresponds more or less to the taper of t
the upper part of the pirn or cop. This conical cup, or segment thereof,
presses against the conical part of the pirn or cop with a constant
weight, and thus imparts a constant drag on the pirn or cop at all times
as it is unwound from the commencement to the end.
The conical cup or segment thereof may be pressed on to the pirn 1
or cop by means of a weight, or it may be attached to a rod by a
joint which allows it to sink correspondingly with the unwinding of the
pirn or cop.
The conical cup or segment thereof may be made of wood, metal,
or other hard material, which may or may not be lined with fibrous 1
material, such as woollen cloth; or it may be made entirely of a woven
fabric.
The upper part of the conical cup or segment is or may be provided
or constructed with a vessel containing a dressing or finishing liquid,
such as starch, size, or paraffin, and the friction of the yarn against the 2
inner side of the conical cup or segment produces the polishing or
dressing action as the yarn is being unwound.
The pressure of the conical cup or segment upon the yarn may be
regulated from time to time correspondingly with its strength by adding
to or taking off weights, or by altering the position of the cup and the
friction or drag on the yarns adjusted accordingly.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Hutcheson in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 5th April 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN 30
HUTCHESON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Managing Partner of the Clyde Spinning Company, send greeting..

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
38th year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said John Hutcheson, Her special license
that I, the said John Hutcheson, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said John Hutcheson, my executors,
administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN PREPARING YARNS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF THREAD, AND IN THE
MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREFOR,' upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said John Hutcheson, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
"
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Hutcheson, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to
say:
My said Invention, which relates to improvements in the preparation
of yarns for the manufacture of thread, has for its object to produco a
constant tension or drag on the yarns as they are wound off from cops
or pirns on to bobbins, either singly or when doubled, and also to impart
a dressing or finish to the yarns as they are wound off from the cops
or pirns.
The Invention consists of an inverted conical cup, or a segment or
segments thereof, having an internal taper corresponding more or less.
to the taper of the "build" of the spool or cop.
The said conical cup
or segments is or are placed over the upper part of the pirn or cop, and
by pressing thereon with a constant weight imparts or impart an equable

page_text: Invention, not shewn upon the Drawings, will be easily understood
from a consideration of these Figures.
"
H
The cops A are wound in the ordinary manner upon cores or
spindles B which are pitched in holders C and supported in brackets D,
the said brackets D being fixed by a set pin or other means at any
required angle upon the shaft E. At the bottom of their tapered upper
portions the cops A are surrounded by rings F to which are fixed four
or any greater or less number of segments of a hollow cone G, the said
conic segments G being arranged and adjusted so as to constitute springs
tending to press towards the axis of the cone, and whereby pressure is
imparted to the upper tapered portions of the cops A. A "guide
is situated above the cops A over which the yarns are led on their way
to the bobbins. According to my said Invention this " guide" H is
covered with a woollen cloth or other soft fabric I which is kept damp
by means of a vessel J formed in the "guide" H. The vessel J is filled
with cloth cuttings or other fibrous or porous material saturated with
starch, size, paraffin, or other suitable dressing or finishing liquid, and
the covering I being in contact with the said saturated cloth cuttings
absorbs therefrom a sufficiency of liquid to keep it in a damp state.
After passing the "guide" H the yarn is led over a bar K and through
the ordinary reciprocating guide L, by which it is built upon the
bobbin M.
In operating my Invention the bobbin M is caused to rotate in the
direction of the arrow (Figure 1) (by means of the frictional driving
pulley O), thereby winding on the yarn from the cops or pirns A. The
friction of the yarn beneath the inverted cone or segments thereof gives
it a portion of the finish or dressing, and this is farther obtained by the
passage of the yarn over the damp covering of the "guide" H; but the
chief benefit gained by the employment of the inverted cone or segments
is that thereby a constant drag or tension of the yarn is produced during
the operation of winding it upon the bobbin.
By the use of the spring segments G, as described with reference
to the Drawings, a self-accommodating presser is obtained, and a
constant tension of the yarn maintained at different angles of taper
of the spool or pirn.
From the foregoing description it will be easily seen that instead of
the segments G a complete hollow cone might be employed, and

page_text: pressure imparted thereto by means of weights, and that in lieu of
placing the damping vessel above the cops or pirns, as shewn, it may
be placed in communication with the cones or segments thereof, as
herein-before described.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the system, mode, or manner in or under which the
same is or may be used or practically carried into effect, I would observe
in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original, and therefore
claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent is,―
First. Maintaining a constant and equable tension or drag upon
yarns while being unwound from pirns or cops by means of a hollow
inverted conical cap, or a segment or segments thereof, as herein-before
described and shewn.
Second. Passing the yarns over a fabric maintained in a damp 1
state for the purpose of dressing or finishing the yarn while it is
being unwound from the cops or pirns, substantially as herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Hutcheson, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of March, One 2