IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left.
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Cater, of the Grove Steam Boiler Works;
in the Borough of Southwark, Steam Boiler Manufacturer, for the
AM BUIDERS,"
Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left.by, the said Henry Cater at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
May 1861.
I, HENRY CATER, of the Grove Steam Boiler Works, in the Borough of
5 Southwark, Steam Boiler Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature.of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS," to
be as follows:
My Invention of improvements in the construction of steam boilers relatés
to a novel mode of constructing or arranging the parts of steam, boilers so as
to render them portable, and to dispense in a great measure, if not, entirely,
with masonry, and at the same time to economize the heat, so that as little as
possible may pass away unutilized.
In carrying out my Invention I prefer to construct the boiler of a
cylindrical form, and place the same vertically. The fire-place or furnace is
situated in the centre and at the lower part of the cylinder, and may be made
to taper upwards. The fire-place will thus be surrounded by a water space,
except at the opening through which the fire is stoked. The heated gases

page_text: and flame from the fire rise up and strike against the under side of the upper
part of the boiler, and instead of passing directly away to the exit flue, they
are conducted down vertical flue pipes, which pass through the water space
that surrounds the fire. The caloric in its passage down these flues is quickly
taken up by the surrounding water, and the gases considerably reduced in
temperature will enter a smoke box or space below the ash-pit, and from this
smoke box they may be conducted through a central opening into the exit
flue or chimney. It will, of course, be understood that this smoke box may
be surrounded by a water space, and this being the coolest part of the boiler
may also-be used as a mud space to catch or retain any sediment that the
water may deposit, and which may from time to time be blown off when
deemed necessary.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Henry Cater in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 9th
November 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
CATER, of the Grove Steam Boiler Works, in the Borough of Southwark,
Steam Boiler Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Henry Cater, Her special license that I, the said Henry Cater,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Henry Cater, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Henry Cater, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Cater, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described. and ascertained in and by the following'
statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to
the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):
My Invention of improvements in the construction of steam boilers relates
to a novel mode of constructing or arranging the parts of steam boilers, so as
to render them portable, and to dispense in a great measure, if not entirely,
with masonry, and at the same time economize the heat, so that as little as
possible may pass away unutilized.
In carrying out my Invention I prefer to construct the boiler of a cylindrical
form, and place the same vertically. The fire-place or furnace is situated in
the centre,, and at the lower part of the cylinder, and may be made to taper.
upwards. The fire-place will thus be surrounded by a water space, except at:
the opening through which the fire is stoked. The heated gases and flame
from the fire rise up and strike against the under 'side of the upper part of the
boiler, and instead of passing directly away to the exit flue they are conducted
down vertical flue pipes, which pass through the water space that surrounds
the fire. The caloric in its passage down these flues is quickly taken up by
the, surrounding water, and the gases (considerably reduced in temperature)
will enter a smoke box or space below the ash-pit; from this smoke box they.
may be conducted through a central opening into the exit flue or chimney.
It will, of course, be understood that this smoke box may be surrounded by a
water space, and this being the coolest part of the boiler may also be used as
a mud space to catch or retain any sediment that the water may deposit, and
which may from time to time be blown off when deemed necessary.
In the accompanying Drawing Fig. 1 is an external elevation of the boiler,
furnace, and fire and ash-pit doors complete; Fig. 2 is a vertical section
taken through the same; Fig. 3 is a horizontal section taken in the line 1, 2,
of Fig, 2; and Fig. 4 is a similar view taken in the line 3, 4, of Fig. 2.
á, a, a, a, is the outer casing of the boiler, which is of a cylindrical shape;
a', a', is the inner casing, which is made of a conical form; b, b, is the fire-
place or furnace, supplied with suitable fire and ash-pit doors at 61 and 6.
The flame and heated gases from the fire rise up in the conical space above
the fire-bars, and circulate in the fire chamber 63 above, from whence they
pass down the tubular flues c, c, c, c, which extend through the water space
in the lower part of the boiler, and are arranged in an annular series round
the conical space b. The gases from the fire upon issuing from the lower
ends of the flue tubes c, c, enter an annular smoke box d, and ultimately

page_text: escape into the chimney.e. It will be seen, on referring to the Drawing, that
the boiler is divided about midway into two parts by the fire chamber b.
The lower part is entirely filled with water, and the upper part partially so, a
space being, however, left to contain the steam. 'In order to cause a perfect
circulation of the water in the boiler the upper and lower parts communicate
with each other by means of the short water tubes e, e, as well as the annular
water space ff. A safety valve g, of any suitable construction, is placed on
the top of the boiler.
From an inspection of the Drawing it will be evident that the heated gases
from the fire will have a longer distance to.travel, and will be kept longer in
contact with the: water spaces of the boiler than in boilers of the ordinary
construction, and therefore the water in the boiler will be enabled to take up
more caloric, and consequently there will be an economy of fuel. I would
remark that boilers upon precisely the same principle of construction may be
made of a rectangular or polygonal form, but I prefer the cylindrical form, as
shewn in the Drawing, as being simpler, more easily constructed, and not open
to some of the objections to which other forms are liable.
Having now described my Invention of improvements in the construction
of steam boilers, and having explained the manner of carrying the same
into effect, I claim as the Invention secured to me by Letters Patent, as
aforesaid, the mode herein set forth of constructing steam boilers; I claim
particularly the use of the downward flues, as herein shewn and described.
..
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Cater, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Ninth day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
Witness,
H. E. NEWTON,
66, Chancery Lane.
HENRI CATER. (L.S.)