Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Feb., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 19th Oct., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 30th Nov., 1888
GEORGE WILLIAM NEWALL 34 Second Avenue Manor Park Little Ilford, Essex
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in steam or other fluid motive
power machines engines and pumps especially applicable to high speed engines.
In carrying out my invention with a view to simplifying description the engine
motor or pump may for the present be regarded as of the single acting single
cylinder engine type.
The improvements mainly consist of a connecting rod fitted at the trunk piston end
with a special construction of gudgeon valve or device which is cylindrical in form
and takes the place of the gudgeon or knuckle joint pin usually fitted to the above
mentioned type of ongine and hereinafter termed the cylindrical oscillating valve.
This cylindrical oscillating valve is securely fixed to the connecting rod at the same
time oscillating and working in a cylindrical recess suitably formed in the piston the
oscillation and the amount thereof being due to the throw of the crank and the length
of the connecting rod respectively.
The cylindrical oscillating valve has suitable ports or recesses arranged in connec-
tion with similar and corresponding ports or recesses cast in the piston so that at
every oscillation of the connecting rod due to the path of the crank in every revolu-
tion the ports or recesses in the cylindrical oscillating valve open and close to similar
ports and recesses in the piston.
The steam to the engine is arranged to enter through an opening in one side of
the cylinder and is free to enter one side of the piston which is hollowed out or
recessed and terminates with the steam port which when opened by the cylindrical
oscillating valve allows the steam to enter the cylinder through a port in the top of
the piston and as the piston moves down the cylinder the steam port or ports in the
cylindrical oscillating valve and the steam inlet port in the side of the cylinder are
closed and the connecting rod oscillating in the opposite direction opens a similar
port or recess on the opposite side of both the piston and the cylindrical oscillating

page_text: valve and the steam is then free to pass away to the exhaust within the engine casing
or to a second similar cylinder and arrangement of cylindrical oscillating valve and
hollow piston when employed as a compound engine.
By the above described arrangement of connecting rod and the cylindrical oscilla-
ting valve the steam is allowed to enter the cylinder by way of its piston at any
required inlet and cut off at any portion of the piston's stroke. When the functions
of the inlets and outlets in the cylinder are reversed the engine is reversable.
The crank pin end of the connecting rod is fitted with Lignum Vitae in place of
the usual phosphor bronze or gun-metal brasses. The main bearings supporting the
crank shaft are also bushed or lined or fitted solid throughout with lignum vitæ the
object of which is to reduce the friction of the moving parts as the crank and
the connecting rod end rotate in a bath of oil and water.
These improvements in high speed engines fluid motors and machines reduce the
number of the working parts ensure noiselessness and may be constructed on the
compound and triple expansion principles.
The cylinders may be arranged either lineally with or at right angles to the axis of
the crank shaft. By driving or rotating the crank shaft the engine becomes a pump
or exhauster and the aforementioned cylindrical oscillating valve regulates the inlet
and outlet of the fluid in every respect similar to that described when the machine is
employed as a steam engine.
No eccentrics or slide valves are required when the motor is employed as a steami
engine neither inlet or outlet valves when the machine is employed as a fluid pump or
exhauster.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Steam or other Fluid Motor Engines and Pumps.
I, GEORGE WILLIAM NEWALL 34 Second Avenue, Manor Park Essex, Engineer
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
The object of my invention is to effect certain improvements in single acting motive
power engines and pumps, and by means of which improvements I am enabled to
dispense entirely in the case of motive power engines with the slide valves and the
necessary gear appertaining thereto; and similarly in the case of pumps, rendering
unnecessary the employment of the usual inlet and outlet valves.
Machines constructed in accordance with my invention may be either what is
known as ordinary high pressure, compound, or quadruple expansion engines; and,
when constructed as a pump or exhauster for raising or forcing fluids, the same com-
pounded arrangement hereinafter described may be employed, that is to say where air
or other gas is required to be raised to great pressure, instead of using two or three
separate cylinders: the fluid enters the larger cylinder where compression is to
a certain degree effected and this compression is completed in the smaller cylinder;
that is to say, when the device according to my invention is employed as a pump the
action of the apparatus is the reverse of that which applies in the case of a motive
power engine. For some purposes I prefer using Lignum Vitæ in place of the usual
Gun-metal or Phosphor Bronze bearings or other "brasses."
These improvements in motive power engines and pumps considerably reduce the
number of moving parts and allow of a far more economical method of construction
than has been attainable heretofore.
The cylinders for either purposes may be arranged in any suitable position. The
engines are reversible by reversing the functions of the inlets and outlets only.
In the accompanying Drawings illustrative of my Invention Figures 1, 2, 5 and 7
represent vertical sectional views, and Figures 3, 6 and S horizontal sections of the
apparatus. Figure 4 is a detached longitudinal sectional view of the hereinafter
described cylindrical oscillating valve, constructed according to my invention, which
forms one of the salient features in my improvements.
The views Figures 1 to 6 represent sections of a vertical single acting compound
cylinder engine in which the cylinder B contains an elongated piston having four
recesses or pockets 61, 62, 63, 6 in same as shown in Figures 1, 3, and 5. The
piston is formed on the steam side with a cylindrical sleeve piece A into which is
fitted a suitable projection a fitted with spring packing rings a². The space a within
the sleeve piece A represents the high pressure cylinder, while the annular space
between the sleeve A and the body of the Cylinder B forms the low pressure
cylinder.

page_text: The view Figure 6 shows a horizontal section through the high and low pressure
cylinders, the inner portion A representing the high pressure cylinder while the
annular space between the sleeve piece A and the body of the Cylinder B represents
the low pressure cylinder, and, c. c³, c. c³, c. c, and c. c, the high and low pressure
ports or inlets and outlets contained in the top of the piston b.
The elongated piston above referred to is bored out at right angles to its axis and
contains the cylindrical oscillating valve C. Figures 1 to 5. This latter portion of the
device has four suitable ports partitions and recesses to allow of the distribution of the
steam or other fluid to and from the high and low pressure cylinders already described
and is fitted with spring packing rings c', Figures 2, 3 and 4. The connecting rod D
is simply screwed into the oscillating valve and may be secured by an ordinary split
pin, set screw or other approved means. The body of the Cylinder B contains suit-
able inlet and outlet openings, ports and passages to be hereinafter more fully referred
to and described.
prefer in the case of pumps and exhausters, to construct the connecting rod.
brasses d of Lignum Vitæ instead of the usual gun-metal or phosphor bronze bearings
as also the bushes or liners e fitted within the journals e, for supporting the crank
shaft E. G represents the covers for getting at the crank shaft and brasses, and
for boxing up the lubricant in the crank chamber H.
I may describe the operation of the apparatus as follows:-That is to say :-
The steam (when this is used) enters through the branch S Figures 1 and 3 into
the recess or pocket & in the piston b, passes into the steam pocket of the cylindrical
oscillating valve C and thence through the steam port ce into the high pressure
cylinder a (Figures 12 and 6). After the piston has completed its stroke, the
cylindrical oscillating valve closes the port ce² in the top of the piston and opens to
the port cc (Figures 1 and 6); whereupon; the steam is free to enter the recess
or pocket in the piston 6 by way of the recess c³ formed in the valve C: the steam
then passes into the jacket casing bb Figures 1, 2, 3, and 5, and partially round the
.body of the cylinder to the recess or pocket 63 where it enters the recess or pocket c*
Figures 3 and 5, passing into the low pressure piston or space through the port c c¹
passes
Figure 1, 3, 5, 6, where it expands to the end of the stroke, after which it
through the port or passage c c into the recesses or pockets cand in the piston b
and through the branch or opening X Figure 1, 3, and 5 in the side of the cylinder,
whence it passes away to the exhaust; or, it may be conducted to a second similar
cylinder when carrying the expansion of the steam or other power-fluid to a lower
degree.
The views Figures 7 and 8 represent vertical and horizontal sections respectively
my improvements as applied and embodied in the cases of an air compressor, gas
exhauster or pump.
In these cases A is the cylinder containing the piston B, bored
out transversely and fitted with the cylindrical oscillating valve C, D is the connecting
rod and E the crank.
The action may be described as follows:-On the commencement of the down
stroke, the inlet branch a in the side of the cylinder A allows the fluid to enter the
recess in the side of the piston B whence it passes through the port into the
recess or pocket e-formed in one side of the cylindrical oscillating valve C-
aforesaid opening to the port 62 cast in the top of the piston which port is kept
open during the down stroke. of the piston; whereupon the oscillating valve then
opening in the opposite direction, allows the fluid to leave the cylinder by the port
and the recess in the valve c through the port 6 in to the recess or pocket 6 and
through the discharge branch a' in the opposite side of the cylinder A; so that at
every revolution the cylinder A is filled with and discharged of fluid.
The top and bottom ends of the piston B are fitted as shown with spring packing
rings a similar spring packing rings e being adapted to the cylindrical oscillating
valve C the ends of which are solid in all cases. The connecting rod D (still
referring to the views Figures 7 and 8) is fixed to the valve C in the manner already
explained in reference to the arrangement of apparatus herein before described in
reference to the views Figures 1 to 6.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
First. In steam or other fluid motor engines and, in pumps, or exhausters, the
general arrangement of parts herein described with the view of economizing power-
fluid pressure and space, and to ensure the reduction of the number of moving and
working parts to a minimum substantially as herein set forth.
Second. In apparatus or machines such as are covered in the preceding claim
the cylindrical oscillating valve C substantially as and for the purposes herein set
forth.
Third. The arrangement of pistons and cylinders for economising power-fluid
pressure substantially as herein set forth.
Fourth. The arrangement of ports and passages substantially as herein described
and shown in the accompanying drawings, for distributing the steam to and from
pistons and cylinders, around the body of the cylinder, for use in the expansive
action principles.
Fifth. The general arrangement of a piston formed with ports and suitable recesses
for raising, forcing, or exhausting purposes and containing a cylindrical oscillating
valve device for admitting and discharging fluids substantially as herein described.
Fifth. In connection with the devices referred to in the preceding claim the use
or employment of Lignum Vitæ instead of the usual Gun-metal, phosphor-bronze or
other "brasses at the crank pin end of the connecting rod D and also for the
main bearings substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth.
22
Dated this Tenth day of October 1888
JAMES STEVENSON,
Gray's Inn Chambers,
20, High Holborn, W.C.,
Agent for Applicant.