Improvements in Baking Ovens.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Sept., 1892-Accepted, 29th Oct., 1892
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Baking Ovens.
I, LUDWIG KUBALA of Konigliche Weinberge near Prag, Bohemia, in the
Empire of Austro-Hungary, Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of this invention is so to arrange baking ovens that the combustion
gases generated by the fire enable, by certain adjustable apparatus, not only a
saving of fuel, time and labour to be realized but also the temperature within the
oven to be at all times so controlled that the baking can take place with great
regularity so as to produce perfectly uniform goods.
The oven may be constructed of iron or other sheet metal and lined with brick
work, or it may be built entirely of brick or masonry.
In the accompanying drawings
Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section of the improved baking oven mounted
on travelling wheels.
Figure 2 is a cross section on line x x and
Figure 3 a horizontal section on line yy Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a rear view of the oven.
The oven is jacketted or provided with double sheet metal walls a with iron
ribs b. The interior is lined with fire proof material.
The sole or baking plate o of the oven is double consisting of a lower thick
plate c and of an upper thin plate d. This plate is adapted freely to expand
between angle irons 9 and supports p. The inner space is filled with ashes or
cinders so as to protect the goods being baked from burning.
Underneath the baking plate o is arranged an intermediate plate e and under the
latter the sole proper f both carried by the supports p¹ and angle irons q¹ and also
expansible.
The fire chamber A which will be more particularly described further on, is
arranged above the inclined plate h, a door or damper (Figures 1 and 3) being
provided to cut off connection with the heating flue B which is done by turning it
in the direction of the arrow (Figure 1) by means of the crank j (Figure 3).
When this door is brought into the position indicated in dotted lines the pro-
ducts of combustion are cut off from the flue B and caused to pass through the
flue C and through the openings 1 through which when the door or valve k is open
they rise and travel along the roof of the baking chamber; then they pass
through the open damper n into the chimney.
On the roof rare arranged carriers p² for an intermediate roof u to rest upon ;
the latter is provided with slides vand a door or valve z.
In the centre of the baking chamber D there is a channel or fluet for the
discharge of the steam.
Owing to the arrangement of the double flue B C and the valves or dampers i k
and and the sliding door it is possible to adjust the degree of heat which
should prevail in the oven to a nicety. This is done in the following manner :
when it is found that the baking plate is sufficiently heated for baking or if for
any reason it be desired not to heat it further, the flue B is closed by means of the
valve or door i. The combustion gases therefore pass through the open door k to
the roof r, and passing over and along this, roof heat the baking chamber D from
the top; then the sliding doors being open they pass into the upper space and
thence escape through the chimney.
When however it is desired to heat the baking plate o the flue B is opened by

page_text: turning the valve to the position indicated in full lines in Figure 1 and also by
opening the door z, whereby the combustion gases directly escape into the chimney.
The reservoir. E serves for heating the water required in baking.
Another novel feature of this baking oven is the arrangement of the furnace
or fire-place, in which there is provided a fire brick bridge placed over the
grate and somewhat inclined thereto at the lower part. In this bridge is fitted a
round rod 2 preferably of wrought iron, intended to support the mass of fire
bricks in case the bridge should be cracked or damaged. The object of the
arrangement of this bridge in the furnace is the combustion of the smoke etc., and
it is accomplished as follows. When the fire is first lighted the progress of the
smoke or gases is stopped and they are sent back into the flame freely developing
behind the said bridge so that the flame absorbs the smoke and gases. In further
attending to the fire care should be taken always to push the carbonized coal
behind the bridge and to place a sufficient supply of coal in front of the bridge.
In this manner the coal undergoes a kind of dry distillation process, the smoke and
gases being retained by the bridge and reabsorbed by the fire gases developing
behind the bridge and which are free from smoke.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A baking oven characterized by a double heating channel or flue BC arranged
underneath the baking chamber the upper flue being closed by means of a valve
or damper i when it is brought to the position indicated in dotted lines and open
when the said valve is brought to the position shown in full lines the products of
combustion being in the first case prevented from passing and in the second case
allowed to pass under the baking plate o; while when so prevented they rise
through the valve k either to the roof of the baking chamber which they heat by
contact or directly into the chimney through the openings substantially as
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Z
2. In an oveu such as characterized in Claim 1 the arrangement of the baking
chamber upon carriers or supports p and between angle irons q so that the baking
plate o may freely expand.
3. In a baking oven such as described the arrangement of a smoke consuming
fire bridge mainly consisting in a backwardly inclined projection provided above
the heating chamber or furnace for the purpose of conducting the smoke or gases
developing in the furnace into the smokeless gases generated by the fire substantially
as described.
Dated this 29th day of September 1892.
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicant.