IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS OR MEANS APPLICABLE TO PRODUCING ENLARGED PICTURES, AND FOR TAKING PICTURES BY THE AGENCY OF LIGHT
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ferdinand Henry Warlich, of 111, Grove Lane, Camberwell,
and James William Thomas Cadett, of Grove Lane aforesaid, both in the
County of Surrey, for the Invention of "IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS OR MEANS
APPLICABLE TO PRODUCING ENLARGED PICTURES, AND FOR TAKING PICTURES
BY THE AGENCY OF LIGHT."
Sealed the 17th May 1878, and dated the 21st November 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ferdinand Henry Warlich
and James William Thomas Cadett at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents on the 21st November 1877.
FERDINAND HENRY WARLICH, of 111, Grove Lane, Camberwell, and JAMES
WILLIAM THOMAS CADETT, of Grove Lane aforesaid, both in the County of Surrey.
IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS OR MEANS APPLICABLE TO PRODUCING ENLARGED
PICTURES, AND FOR TAKING PICTURES BY THE AGENCY OF LIGHT."
This Invention has for its object the production of enlarged photographs direct
from negative or positive pictures, whether in pigments or otherwise, by means of
apparatus to be used with artificial light or sunlight.
For the above purpose, when using artificial light, we prefer to enclose the light
in a box or lantern, to prevent any rays of light that are not used in the production
of the image from impinging on the sensitive surface employed.
A condenser or set of condensers is placed at the proper distance from the light
to condense the rays thereof, the said condenser or condensers being hollow, so as
to allow of being filled with water or other liquid, and by means of an arrange-
ment of pipes, water or other liquid, or solution of any substance that may be
considered fit for the purpose, is made constantly or at intervals to flow through
the said condenser or condensers for the purpose of keeping it or them cool.
The apparatus which holds the said condenser or condensers has also a similar
arrangement, by which liquid can be made to flow through it for the purpose of
keeping it cool. On the side of the said condenser or condensers from which

page_text: emanate the condensed rays of light, and at a proper distance from the said con-
denser or condensers, is placed the positive or negative picture to be enlarged, and
at a still greater and proper distance in the same line a lens is or lenses are placed
parallel and concentric with the said condenser or condensers. The condensed rays
of light on leaving the said condenser or condensers pass through the negative or
positive picture to be enlarged, according to the several densities of its different
parts, and are then taken up by the above lens or lenses, the result being that an
image of the above positive or negative picture is projected at a proper focus, and
the said image is made to project upon any suitable surface sensitive to light.
When the electric light is used an instrument is employed for keeping the light
central with the said condensers or lenses, which it does by means of clockwork,
and utilizing part of the heat evolved from the light.
In using sunlight the box or lantern used with artificial light is not necessary,
and the rays of sunlight are projected into the said condensers by the usual
ineans.
Glass condensers might be used for the purposes of our Invention, but in such
case it would be desirable to interpose between the lights and glass condenser or
condensers or glass trough, or transparent receptacle for water or transparent liquid,
same having arrangements for changing or flowing the water or liquid through same.
In cases where the heat would be excessive this kind of trough or transparent
receptacle might be used by immersing the picture to be taken in order to keep
same cool.
Important points in this Invention are,―
First. In flowing liquid through the said condensers to keep them cool.
Second. The utilization of the heat from the electric light as a means of keeping
it central with the lenses

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Ferdinand Henry Warlich and James William Thomas Cadett in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st May 1878.
FERDINAND HENRY WARLICH, of 111, Grove Lane, Camberwell, and JAMES
WILLIAM THOMAS CADETT, of Grove Lane aforesaid, both in the County of Surrey.
IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS OR MEANS APPLICABLE TO PRODUCING ENLARGED
PICTURES, AND FOR TAKING PICTURES BY THE AGENCY OF LIGHT."
"
This Invention has for its object the production of enlarged photographis direct
from negative or positive pictures, whether in pigments or otherwise, by means of
apparatus to be used with artificial light or sunlight.
For the above purpose, when using artificial light, we prefer to enclose the light
in a box or lantern to prevent any rays of light that are not used in the production
of the image from impinging on the sensitive surface employed.
A condition or set of condensers is placed at the proper distance from the light
to condense the rays thereof, the said condenser or condensers being hollow, so as
to allow of being kept filled with water or other liquid, and by means of arrange-
ment of pipes water or other liquid or solution of any substance that may be
considered fit for the purpose is made constantly or at intervals to flow through
the said condenser or condenser for the purpose of keeping it or them cool.
The apparatus which holds the said condenser or condensers has also a similar
arrangement, by which liquid can be made to flow through it for the purpose of
keeping it cool.
Glass condensers, in place of the hollow condensers just described, can be used for
the purposes of our Invention, but in such case it would be desirable to interpose
between the light and glass condenser or condensers or glass trough or transparent
receptacle for water or transparent liquid, same having arrangements for changing
or flowing the water or liquid through same. Such receptacle for flowing the water
or other liquid can be fornied by making on face of the lens a side for such recep-
tacle or trough, a plate of glass forming the other side of the trough; or the space
between the condensers, when two or more are used, may be used as a water or
liquid compartment.
In cases where the heat would be excessive a trough or transparent receptacle
might be used, in which the picture to be taken is immersed in water or other
fluid, which is kept circulating through the trough or receptacle or is changed by
means such as described. On the side of the said condenser or condensers from which
emanates the condensed rays of light, and at a proper distance from the said con-
denser or condensers, is placed the positive or negative picture to be enlarged, and
at a still greater and proper distance in the same line a lens is or lenses are placed
parallel and concentric with the said condenser or condensers. The condensed rays
of light, on leaving the said condenser or condensers, pass through the negative or
positive picture to be enlarged, according to the several densities of its different
parts, and are then taken up by the above lens or lenses, the result being that an
image of the above positive or negative picture is projected at a proper focus, and
the said image is made to project upon any suitable surface senitive to light.
When the electric light is used an arrangement is or may be employed for
keeping the light central with the said condensers and lenses, which it does by means
of clockwork or otherwise, and utilizing part of the heat evolved from the light.
In using sunlight the box or lantern used with artificial light is not necessary
and the rays of light are projected into the said condensers by the usual means.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fic 1 shows in outline the arrangements for producing enlarged photographs.

page_text: Fig. 4 shows an arrangement of two lenses or condensers, with chambers at back
and front; Fig. 5, front view of Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is an arrangement with a separate trough or receptacle placed in front of
the lenses.
A is the point where the light is placed; B, the condensers; C, position of
negative or positive picture; D, lens or lenses placed parallel with the condensers B;
E, position for enlarged picture.
It is to be understood that the Drawing is simply for the purpose of exemplifying
the method adopted, as the positions of the negative or positive picture, the lens,
and the enlarged image depend entirely upon the operator and the subject to be
treated.
The condenser or condensers B receive the rays of light from A, and such rays
are condensed, and pass through the negative or positive picture (C) to be enlarged,
and such rays are then taken up by the lens or lenses D, and projected at the
proper focus to produce the enlarged image at E from the said negative or positive
picture C. The condensers B are, as before described, hollow, to allow a continuous
flow of water or liquid through same; the water or liquid issuing in at a, passing
upwards through one condenser, and thence by the pipe or other means conveyed
down and into the second condenser at b. It thence flows upwards, and out by
pipo or other means from the upper part. By this continuous flow of water or
liquid through the condensers, same are kept cool, and ensure the efficient working
of the arrangements.
The arrangements shewn in Fig. 2 are placed so that they do not interfere with
the rays from the condensers to the lenses, and such arrangements are for keeping
the light central.
In any part within the path of the rays is placed a lens b¹, in front of which and
at the focal point on either side thereof are springs or means s, s¹, which by the
effect of the heat from the focus of the lens make contact with the electrical com-
munication, the result being that by such contact the magnets m, m²; act upon
detents which free clockwork or other means enclosed in chambers c, c¹, and thus
the lamp is raised or lowered to keep the light central with the condensers and
lenses, as before described.
The action is as follows:-Suppose the light falls too low, the result would be
that the focal point between the springs or means would rise and fall upon s', and
contact would be made by expansion of s¹ through heat, and communication would
then be made by electro-magnet m¹ in chamber c¹. The detent would thus be
released, and the lamp raised until the light assumed its normal position between s
and 8, as shewn. If the light be too high the focal point would fall and act upon s,
and by the electrical communication the magnet m would act upon the detent and
lower the lamp.
In Fig. 3, the water or other fluid which circulates between and in the direction
of the arrows is principally the refracting medium.
In Fig. 4, the water or other medium flows in receptacles of which the face of
the lens forms one side, the other side being formed by glass g, which with the
condensers is enclosed by suitable chamber of the prdinary kind, around which is
formed a hollow chamber for the water or other liquid to flow through, so as to
keep both the framework and the parts holding the lenses cool.
The exterior view (Fig. 5) shows by the arrows the entrance and exit of the
water or other liquid to the exterior of the case h. The openings or pipes at g¹
admit the liquid, as shown on Fig. 4, same issuing from same at Fig. 2.
It is to be understood that arrangements are made in each case for carrying the
condensers, so as to allow of the circulation of cooling liquid as may be required,
substantially similar to the arrangements shewn in Fig. 4.
It is also to be understood, that where more than one condenser is used the water
or liquid compartments thereof may be connected, as described, but be independent
of each other as regards the flow.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature and object of the

page_text: said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed or carried out in
practice, we hereby declare that we claim the said Invention of "Improved
Arrangements or Means applicable to Producing Enlarged Pictures, and for Taking
Pictures by the Agency of Light," substantially as herein-before set forth and
described, wherein the following are important and peculiar points or features :-
(1.) The flowing of liquid through the condenser or condensers for the purpose
of keeping same cool, substantially as described.
(2.) The flowing of liquid through receptacles, troughs, or compartments, separate
or in combination with the condensers, substantially as herein-before set forth,
described, and exemplified.
(3.). The utilization of the heat from the electric light as a means of keeping it
central with the condensers and lenses, substantially as herein-before described and
exemplified.
In witness whereof, I, the said James William Thomas Cadett, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
Witness,
T. MORGAN,
Secretary,
Inventors' Patentright Assn., Limited,
21, Cockspur Street,
Charing Cross,
S.W.
J. W. T. CADETT. (L.S.)