Improvements in Apparatus for Taking and Exhibiting Successive Photographic Pictures.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 12th May, 1896
Complete Specification Left, 1st Aug., 1896-Accepted, 19th Sept., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Taking and Exhibiting Successive
Photographic Pictures.
I, ADEMOR NAPOLEON PETIT, residing at No. 473 Orange Street, Roseville,
in the State of New Jersey, United States of America, Machinist, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Efforts have been made to take successive photographs upon a sensitized band or
strip of transparent celluloid, or similar material, of considerable length, and after
developing such pictures to exhibit the same so that the pictures have the appearance
of the objects in motion; but difficulty has been experienced in holding the sensitized
film stationary during the exposure and moving the same with great velocity and
then holding it still during the second exposure and so on in order that the pictures
may be sharp and distinct; and still further difficulty has been experienced in
uncovering the pictures in succession while the band of pictures has been in rapid
motion, so as to give a clear image upon the eye of the observer of the pictures in
succession, so that one picture blends with another, similar to the effect produced
upon the eye by observing a person or object in motion.
The present improvements are to overcome the difficulties heretofore experienced
in this class of apparatus. In carrying out this invention, the strip of transparent
celluloid, or similar material, to form the picture belt, is perforated near one or
both edges with small holes at regular distances, and in the apparatus the rollers or
cylinders made use of for moving the picture belt are provided with pins projecting
at corresponding distances so that the picture belt is moved along with reliability,
and any slip or inaccuracy is effectually prevented.
In the portion of the apparatus in which the pictures are taken, a lens is provided
with a rotary shutter for admitting and intercepting light, and two pulleys armed
with the projecting pins, as aforesaid, are made use of for moving the sensitized
belt along, and two reels are provided, one for holding the belt of sensitized material,
and the other for winding up the belt after exposure, and a detaining friction is
applied to one, and a belt is applied to the other for winding up the picture film,
the belt slipping so as only to apply the necessary power for winding up the belt
as it is moved along by the pulleys that are armed with the pins.
In order to hold the picture belt entirely quiescent and momentarily while the
picture is thrown upon the same by the lens, a motor shaft is employed which
advantageously carries the revolving shutter, and upon this motor shaft is a power
wheel with diagonal slots through its periphery at proper distances apart, and
there is an adjacent feed wheel on the axis of one of the picture belt pulleys, which
feed wheel is made with teeth with openings between them corresponding to the
thickness of the power wheel, so that the picture belt and its pulley are held
quiescent while the power wheel moves from one diagonal slot to the other, and a
tooth of the feed wheel passing into the diagonal slot is moved from one side of the
power wheel to the other, and moves the picture belt along the space necessary for
one picture, and each diagonal slot as it comes round in succession, gives the motion
to the picture belt, but such belt is held rigid and immovable while the picture is
being taken; and it is to be understood that the opening in the shutter admits the
image to the sensitized strip while the latter is stationary, and the picture belt is
moved from one position to the next during the time that the shutter excludes the
image

page_text: In the exhibition of the developed pictures upon the picture belt, similar reels
are employed, one to hold the helt of pictures and apply a detaining friction while
the belt is being wound upon the other reel, and uniformity of motion is given to
the picture belt by a similar pulley ith spurs or pins entering the perforations
in the picture belt, and the picture belt is supported by rollers and carried around
to the respective eye pieces, which are usually provided with lenses for magnifying
the pictures, and the pictures are illuminated from the back so that the light passes
to the pictures through the belts of transparent celluloid, or similar material, and
in order to enable the eye of the observer to receive the image of the picture upon
the moving belt, a septum is made use of having openings, and this septum is moved
in unison with the picture belt, so that the openings coincide with the picture,
and the picture belt is usually moving in one direction and the septum in the other
direction, so that there is an instantaneous exposure of the picture when the
picture is in line with the eye piece, and these pictures are presented with such
rapidity as to give an appearance corresponding to that of moving objects.
The septum huving the openings in it, is preferably cylindrical so as to be
revolved by and with a shaft, but in some forms of apparatus the septum is in the
form of a belt receiving its motion by pulleys with spurs or projections passing
into holes in the septum belt similar to the holes in the picture belt.
An electric motor is advantageously made use of, for giving motion to the
respective parts, and a motion is taken by a screw pinion or worm from the spur
pulleys, and switches are provided, so that the electric motor is stopped at the
proper time when the picture belt has been unwound from one of the reels and
wound upon the other, and the circuit connections are changed in such a manner
that the motor is rotated in the other direction to wind the picture belt back to the
point of beginning, so that the operations will be repeated.
Dated this 19th day of Mar 1806
ERNEST DE PASS,
Chartered Patent Agent,
78 Fleet Street, London, and 5A Market Street, Nottingham,
Agent for the Applicant.
Improvements in Apparatus for Taking and Exhibiting Successive
Photographic Pictures.
I, ADEMOR NAPOLEON PETIT, residing at No. 473, Orange Street, Roseville,
in the State of New Jersey, United States of America, Machinist do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying drawings and to the letters
and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
Efforts have been made to take successive photographs upon a sensitized band
or strip of transparent celluloid or similar material of considerable length, and
after developing such pictures to exhibit the same so that the pictures have the
appearance of the objects in motion; but difficulty has been experienced in holding
the sensitized film stationary during the exposure, and moving the same with great
velocity and then holding it still during the second exposure, and so on, in
order that the pictures may be sharp and distinct; and still further difficulty
has been experienced in uncovering the pictures in succession while the band of
pictures has been in rapid motion so as to give a clear image upon the eye of the
observer of the pictures in succession, so that one picture blends with another,
similar to the effect produced upon the eye by observing a person or object in
motion.

page_text: The present improvements are to overcome the difficulties heretofore experienced
in this class of apparatus. In carrying out this invention, the strip of transparent
celluloid or similar material to form the picture belt is perforated near one or both
edges with small holes at regular distances, and in the apparatus the rollers or
cylinders made use of for moving the picture belt are provided with pins projecting
at corresponding distances so that the picture belt is moved along with reliability,
and any slip or inaccuracy is effectually prevented.
In the portion of the apparatus in which the pictures are taken, a lens is
provided with a rotary shutter for admitting and intercepting light, and two
pulleys armed with the projecting pins as aforesaid are made use of for moving
the sensitized belt along, and two reels are provided, one for holding the belt
of sensitized material and the other for winding up the belt after exposure, and
a detaining friction is applied to one and a belt is applied to the other for
winding up the picture film, the belt slipping so as only to apply the necessary
power for winding up the belt as it is moved along by the palleys that are armed
with the pins.
In order to hold the picture belt entirely quiescent and momentarily while the
picture is thrown upon the same by the lens, a motor shaft is employed which
advantageously carries the revolving shutter, and upon this motor shaft is a power
wheel with diagonal slots through its periphery at proper distances apart, and there
is an adjacent feed wheel on the axis of one of the picture belt pulleys, which feed
wheel is made with teeth with openings between them corresponding to the
thickness of the power wheel, so that the picture belt and its pulley are held
quiescent while the power wheel moves from one diagonal slot to the other, and
a tooth of the feed wheel passing into the diagonal slot is moved from one side of
the power wheel to the other, and moves the picture belt along the space necessary
for one picture, and each diagonal slot as it comes around in succession gives the
motion to the picture belt, but such belt is held rigid and immovable while the picture
is being taken; and it is to be understood that the opening in the shutter admits
the image to the sensitized strip while the latter is stationary, and the picture
belt is moved from one position to the next during the time that the shutter excludes
the image.
In the exhibition of the developed pictures upon the picture belt, similar reels
are employed, one to hold the belt of the pictures and apply a detaining friction
while the belt is being wound upon the other reel, and uniformity of motion is given
to the picture belt by a similar pulley with spurs or pins entering the perforations
in the picture belt; and the picture belt is supported by rollers and carried around
to the respective eye-pieces, which are usually provided with lenses for inagnifying
the pictures, and the pictures are illuminated from the back so that the light passes
to the pictures through the belts of transparent celluloid or similar material, and
in order to enable the eye of the observer to receive the image of the picture upon
the moving belt, a septum is made use of having openings, and this septum is
moved in unison with the picture belt, so that the openings coincide with the
picture, and the picture belt is usually moving in one direction and the septum
in the other direction, so that there is an instantaneous exposure of the picture
when the picture is in line with the eye-piece, and these pictures are presented
with such rapidity as to give an appearance corresponding to that of moving
objects.
The septum having the openings in it is preferably cylindrical so as to be revolved
by and with a shaft, but in some forms of apparatus the septum is in the form of a
belt receiving its motion by pulleys with spurs or projections passing into holes in
the septum belt similar to the holes in the picture belt.
An electric motor is advantageously made use of for giving motion to the
respective parts, and motion is taken by a screw pinion or worm from the spur
pulleys, and switches are provided, so that the electric motor is stopped at the proper
time when the picture belt has been unwound from one of the reels and wound upon
the other, and the circuit connections are changed in such a manner that the motor

page_text: is rotated in the other direction to wind the picture belt back to the point of
beginning so that the operations will be repeated.
In the drawing,
Fig. 1 is a general plan view partially in section of the apparatus for exhibiting
photographs. Fig. 2 is an elevation of the same partially in section illustrating
the relative positions of the cylindrical septum, the light and the picture belt.
Fig. 3 is an elevation representing the circuit changing devices.
Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic plan view illustrating the electric connections and
switches.
Fig. 5 is a plan view of a modification of the apparatus for exhibiting photographic
pictures.
Fig. 6 is a section of one of the eye-pieces.
Fig. 7 is a cross section of the case and septum belt and an elevation of the
mechanism.
Fig. 8 shows the supporting rollers for the septum and picture belt.
Fig. 9 is a detached view of the circuit breaker.
Fig. 10 is a diagram of the electric connections.
Fig. 11 is a diagram of the belt tightener and clamps.
Fig. 12 is a general plan view partially in section illustrating the apparatus made
use of in taking the pictures upon the sensitized belt.
Fig. 13 is a vertical section and partial elevation at the line r, x, of Fig. 12.
Fig. 14 is a plan view of the power and feed wheels in larger size.
Fig. 15 represents the same parts in a different position, and
Fig. 16 shows a part of the side of the power wheel and the edge of the feed
wheel.
Referring to Figs. 1 to 4, the picture belt B passes around the various guide
pulleys D and these are circularly disposed around the cylindrical septum A, and
eye pieces are arranged radially to the axis of the cylindrical septum, and these
eye-pieces are each advantageously provided with a lens or magnifying glass C
and a box 6 extending from the lens toward the picture belt at one end of which
the lens is received, and the other end is open closely adjacent to the picture belt.
These eve-pieces may be more or less numerous and arranged in any suitable or
convenient manner.
The picture belt is wound upon a reel K before the exhibition of the
pictures is commenced, and it is drawn off the same and wound upon the reel L,
as such exhibition progresses, and there are guide pulleys D¹ around which
the picture belt passes as it is kept in contact with the spur pulley E, the
spurs or projections upon which pulley pass into the holes in the picture belt so
as to ensure the proper relative movements of the picture belt and the cylindrical
septum.
The shaft 7 upon which the cylindrical septum A is supported is advantageously
made the driving shaft of the apparatus, and I have shown a pulley 8 by which such
shaft may be rotated advantageously by an electric motor, the current to which is
controlled as berealter described, but I do not limit myself to any particular device
for rotating the shaft 7.
an
The lower edge of the cylindrical septam A is connected to a disk or by arms
extending to the shaft 7, so that such septum A forms a hollow cylinder somewhat
deeper than the width of the picture belt B, and within this cylindrical septum
light is introduced in any suitable manuer. 1, however, prefer and use
incandescent electric light sustained by a cross bar 9 and case N extending up
from the plate G forming the bed of the machine, and this electric light is connected
by wires to any suitable source of electric energy, and the cylindrical septum A
may be made of sheet metal or any other opaque material, and in such cylindrical
septum there is an opening 10, or if the parts are properly timed there may be two
or more openings.
Where there is one opening in the cylindrical septum A, the parts are so timed
that the opening will pass behind one picture and illuminate the same, and by the

page_text: time such opening passes in line with the next eye-piece the picture therefor on the
belt will be brought into its proper position, and so on around the range of eye-
pieces that stand radially to the picture belt; and it will be observed that the
guide pulleys D are arranged so as to keep the picture belt flat at the time the
picture belt is passing the eye-piece and its box, and the tension upon the belt
should be sufficient to keep the picture properly distended, and the guide pulleys
should have flanges at top and bottom to ensure the holding of the belt with the
pictures in the proper positions.
I have represented a gear wheel 11 on the shaft 17 of the spur pulley E, and
intermediate gears 12 and 13 to the pinion 14 upon the shaft 7, so that the spur
pulley E will be rotated at the proper speed, and the picture belt will be moved
in harmony with the rotation of the cylindrical septum having the opening 10 as
aforesaid, and the picture belt being engaged by the spur pulley at two
places, ensures uniforinity in the outgoing and returning portions of such picture
belt.
It is advantageous to rotate the shafts a, e, of the reels K and L by belts 15
and 16 from pulleys 32 upon the shaft 7, and the sizes of the respective parts are
such that the reel L will be rotated sufficiently fast to take up the slack in the
picture belt as the same is delivered to it by the spur palley E and the belt will
slip upon the pulleys, and the tension will not be sufficient to injure the picture
belt, and while the picture belt is being drawn off the reel K and wound upon the
reel L, the belt 15 will hang comparatively slack and will only apply a slight
detaining friction to the reel K.
It is advantageous to drive the apparatus by an electric motor, and to combine
with the device before described an automatic switch to stop the motor by breaking
the circuit to the same when the picture belt has been unwound from the reel K,
and with this object in view, the shaft 17 of the spur pulley E is extended down
and made as a screw pinion to act upon the wheels 20 and 21 and rotate the same
slowly, and in these wheels are segmental slots with pins 22 that can be clamped
in any portion of the slot, so that by adjusting these pins the circuit changing
devices can be moved accurately by the pin in the wheel 21 when the belt has
been drawn off the reel K to the desired extent and be moved by the pin in the
wheel 20 when the motor has been rotated in the other direction and the picture
belt wound upon the reel K.
I provide circuit levers 23 and 2 for the respective pins 22 to act against, and
these are fitted with springs 25 acting against right-angled knuckles so as to throw
the circuit levers rapidly in either one direction or the other as soon as a right-
angled knuckle passes a line perpendicular to the spring, and these springs are
insulated and so also are the pins 22, as seen in Fig. 4 so as to avoid the risk of the
circuit being closed incorrectly and the springs 23" and 24" are connected to the
levers 23 and 24.
The switch levers U and U are pivoted at 26, 27 and connected by a link W¹
from which a handle W projects so that these switch levers U and U¹ can be
moved by hand, and when in the position indicated by full lines in Fig. 4, the
electric circuit from a suitable battery or generator V to the electric motor X will
be closed in such a manner as to rotate the motor in one direction and when the
switch levers U, U are moved by the handle into the position indicated by dotted
lines, the circuit connections to the electric motor are changed so that such motor
will be rotated in the opposite direction, and the circuit levers 23 and 24 and
springs 23 and 24" are simply employed for breaking the circuit automatically
so that the apparatus will stop and then the handle W is to be moved into the
position that it occupied before to change the circuit connections and reverse the
direction of rotation of the motor.
In following out the circuits represented in Fig. 4, it will be observed that the
positive pole of the generator is connected to the binding posts 28 adjacent to the
insulated pivots of the levers 23 and 24, so that when the motor is running in one
direction, the current will pass through 24", U, and a contact block 29 through

page_text: the motor X and thence to a cont ict block 30 and through the contact 31 on the
link W to the battery, and these contacts 29 and 30 are placel in such a manner
that the switch lever U presses upon the contact 29 when the parts are in the
position shown in full lines, and the circuit will be broken and the motor stopped
the moment the pin 22 on the wheel 21 swings the circuit spring 24* out of contact
with the end of the switch lever U, and when the apparatus is to be started in the
opposite direction and the levers U, U are moved by the handle W, the lever U
separates from 29 and the lever U₁ engages the contact 30, and at the same time,
the end of the lever U engages the circuit spring 23 closing the circuit
through 28, 23", U', 30, and through the motor in the opposite direction and by 29
and 31 to the battery.
For cunvenience in the arrangement of the parts, I have represented the eirenit
levers 23, 21 and 23 and 24 as near opposite e ds of tubular hubs up the pins
of the binding posts 28. These parts may be arranged in any convenient manner,
and it is advantageous to make the portions 23* and 24* us springs so as to yield
by the rubbing contact of the ends of the levers U, U'; and of course it will be
understood that the wheels 20 and 21 are rotated first in one direction by the motor
and then in the other direction according to which way the current is being
directed through such inotor, and that when running in one direction the pin 22 of the
wheel 21 acts upon the circuit lever 24, 24* to break the circuit with the switch
lever and stop the motor, and at this time the circuit lever 23, 23* is in position,
so that when the switch levers U U are moved by hand, the end of the lever U
closes the circuit against the spring 23* and the motor starting in the opposite
direction acts upon the parts to wind up the picture belt upon the other reel and
in so doing the wheels 20, 21, are being rotated in the opposite direction, and the
pin 22 of the wheel 20 acts against the circuit lever 23 to break the circuit by
moving the spring 23* out of contact with the lever U' so as to be ready for the
switch lever U and U to be again changed by hand.
The insulated contacts 29 and 30 are to be supported in any convenient manner.
I have represented them as upon the under side of an insulating block T beneath.
the bed plate or frame G that carries the operative parts.
When one belt is in operation to wind up the picture belt upon one of the reels,
it requires to be tightened and at the same time the other belt should be held by a
frictional brake sufficient to prevent the other pulley rotating too fast as the
picture belt is unwound.
The tightening pulleys R R are upon the levers U U and so also are the
clamping pins PP and there is a stationary block Qon the plate G so that when
the parts are in the position shown in Fig. 4, the belt 15 is tightened by the
pulley R and the belt 16 is held between the pin Pi and the block Q, and when
the parts are in the position indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 4, the belt 16 is
tightened by the pulley R' and the belt 15 is held by the pin P against the end of
the block Q
In Figs. 1 and 2, I have represented an enclosing case M. This may be of any
desired character, and in Fig. 1 the top of the case is removed and the case shown
in section to represent one of the eye-pieces and its box in section, and the picture
belt passes between the inner ends of the boxes 6 and the tubular projections N'
that are in line with the boxes or nearly so, and behind the picture belt so as to
direct the rays of light upon the back of such picture belt, the projections N'
extending out from the circular case N within which the cylindrical septum A
having the opening 10 is caused to revolve.
I remark that the device represented at X is only a diagrammatic illustration of
an electric motor showing the commutator bars and brushes and with field
helices Xin series in a shunt of the main circuit; but these parts may be of any
desired character, and the electric connections herein described are available for
starting and stopping any desired motor electrically.
In Fig. 1, I have only represented the positions of the belts 15 and 16 by
dotted lines, the switch levers and tightening pulleys and clamps that act upon the

page_text: same are not represented to avoid confusion; but the dotted lines indicate the
belts 15 and 16 in the positions that they assume when the switch levers and
tightening pulleys and clamps are in the positions shown in Fig. 4.
In Fig. 2, it will be observed that the parts of the switch levers U and U' are
not in one plane, but they pass as arms away from their pivotal supports in different
planes, so as to be more convenient and not to come into contact with the belts 15
and 16 and their pulleys. I have represented stationary cages above the reels K
and L to hold the picture belt from expanding and passing over the disks forming
the bottom ends of the reel.
Each cage is preferably made of radial wires extending out from a central hub
and turned down vertically and terminating above the disk end of the reel, and
one of these arms can be long enough to extend down to the plate G and be
fastened thereto so that the wire cage will not rotate with the reel.
In the modification shown in Figs. 5 to 10, the septum belt A is to be of any
suitable material, advantageously of celluloid with openings 4 in such belt at the
proper intervals apart, and the belt is sufficiently wide for the openings to be made
in the same without destroying the strength of the septum belt, and such openings
are to be large enough for observing the pictures upou the picture belt B, and it is
advantageous to make perforations along the top and bottom portions of the septum
and picture belts near their edges for the reception of pins upon the reels or spur
pulleys around which the respective belts pass, so that such belts may be guided
and held in their proper positions and moved with reliability at the proper
speeds.
The eye-pieces C, Figs. 5, 6 and 7, may be of any suitable character and
advantageously provided with glasses or lenses, and the septum belt A is guided
by the studs or rolls 5 that are closely adjacent to the eye-pieces and at the rear
of the same so that the septum belt-may travel freely behind the eye-pieces as
guided by the rolls 5 and the picture belt travel freely between the rolls 6, thereby
such belts will be held in their proper positions while being moved along adjacent
to a row of any desired length of eye-pieces through which different persons can
be observing the pictures as presented.
I have represented eye-pieces on the opposite sides of the apparatus as this is a
convenient manner for arranging the same, and suitable light is provided behind
the pictures so that they may be observed through the eye-pieces; and I find it
advantageous to move the picture belt along in one direction and to move the
septum belt with rapidity in the other direction, the openings 4 being provided in
the septum belt at distances apart proportioned to the relative speeds of the
septum belt and picture belt, so that each time a picture on the picture belt is in
position to be properly observed at the eye-piece, an opening in the septum belt
passes by to allow the picture to be seen, and the septum belt cuts off the vision of
the picture while the picture belt is moved along to bring the next picture into
position to be observed.
I remark that any suitable mechanism may be made use of for giving motion to
these belts; I bave, however, represented the pulleys D, E and F, Figs. 5 and 7,
as adapted to move and guide the septum belt, such pulleys being advantageously
provided with pins 7 to pass through perforations in the upper and lower portions
of the septum belt to hold and guide such septum belt in its movements. I have
represented a shaft G as adapted to receive motion from the electric or other
motor, and upon the same are the pulleys H for the cords or belts 8 to the
pullets 1 upon the shafts that carry the pulleys D E for the septum belt so that
such septum belt may be moved with regularity and at the desired speed.
Where the picture belt B is wound upon one pulley or reel and unwound from
another pulley or rcel, it is advantageous to employ the pulleys or reels K and I
that are of a size adapted to receive the picture belt, that is to say, the heads or
disks of such reels are sufficiently far apart for the picture belt to pass freely in
between them, and there are picture moving pulleys M and N with pins 9 upon
them passing into holes near the top and bottom edges of the picture belt so as to

page_text: ensure a proper movement of the picture belt and prevent slipping, and the
picture moving pulleys M and N are connected with the pulleys D and E
respectively by suitable gearing. I prefer to use the bevel gears O, shafts R,
worm wheels S and worm pinions T, the parts being so proportioned that the
desired relative motions are insured in the septum belt and picture belt; and it
will be seen by this arrangement that the picture moving pulleys M and N receive
motion from the shafts of the respective pulleys D and E through the worm
pinions, worm wheels, shafts and bevel gears as the parts are geared together as
shown.
The reels K and L, Fig. 5, require to be moved so that the one will wind up
the picture belt as rapidly as it is moved along and the other will give off the
picture belt in the same proportion. With this object in view, it is advantageous
to rotate the reels K and L by friction, so as to provide for the differences in
diameter as the picture belt is wound on or drawn off the respective reels. With
this object in view, the pulleys 10 and 11 and belts 12 and 13, Figs. 5 and 7,
connect the driving shaft G with the pulleys 14 and 15 upon the shaft of the
reels K and L, and the tension upon the belts should be sufficient to win up the
picture belt without injury to the same and to apply the proper friction to the reel
from which the picture belt is being drawn.
I prefer to use the idlers U and U₁ upon the slide V, which idlers act to tighten
either the belt 12 or the belt 13, and I also provide pins 16 and 17 upon the
slide V and clamp bars 18 and 19 upon the frame of the machine, so that when
the slide V is moved in one direction, one belt 12 is loosened and held by the
pin 16 acting against such belt and holding it to the clamp 18, thereby the belt
will apply a friction to prevent the reel K from rotating too fast, as the picture
belt is drawn off the same, and the same movement of the slide V causes the
idler U to act against the belt 13 to tighten the same and cause such belt to rotate
the reel L with sufficient speed to wind up the picture belt as it is delivered from
the pulley N, and when the slide V is moved in the opposite direction, the reverse
actions take place; and it is to be understood with the apparatus constructed in
this manner, the shaft G will be rotated in the proper direction by the power and
the belt of pictures drawn off the reel K and wound upon the reel L, as such
pictures are exhibited in the proper succession; and when the pictures have all
been drawn off the reel K, the apparatus is to be stopped, the slide V shifted and
the shaft G rotated in the opposite direction to draw the belt of pictures from the
reel L and wind the same upon the reel K ready to be again exhibited when the
shaft G is revolved in the opposite direction.
The slide V, Figs. 5, 7, 9, 10, and 11, may be moved by the baud lever W, and
I prefer to actuate the motor automatically. With this object in view, I provide
a fine worm pinion 42 on each shaft R that turns slowly the wheels 20, 21, that
are provided with pins 22 in segmental slots, and which pins actuate the circuit
closing levers 23 24, and the pins are so placed in the segmental slots as to actuate
the circuit levers 23 24 and stop the electric motor just as the belt of pictures has
drawn off its reel K or L.
An illustration of the circuit connections to a motor is shown in Fig. 10. The
fields of the motor are indicated at 25, and the armature at 26, and there are
insulated contacts 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, on the slide V and stationary spring
contacts 33, 34, 35 and 36, for the circuit connections.
Supposing that the motor X is propelling the parts, as in Fig. 5, the motor is
stopped when the belt of photographs has been drawn almost off the reel K by the
pin 22 on the wheel 21 separating the lever 23 from the contact 27 and breaking
the circuit.
It will be understood that when in action the current from M B, Fig. 10, goes
as indicated by the arrows by 23, 27, 29, 34, to armature 26, and by 36, 38, 35,
through fields, and by 33 and 28 to M B.
If uow the slide V is moved by the lever W to change the tension of the belts
as before set forth, the direction of rotation of the motor also will be changed,

page_text: the current going the other way through 24, 32, 31, 36, 26, 34, 39, 33, 21, 35, 30,
back to the battery or source of electric energy M B.
It is advantageous to provide a spring lever W, Fig. 5, and stops at V' to hold
the lever in one extreme position or the other, or midway with the apparatus out
of action. The pins 22, Figs. 7, 9, 10, being adjustable in the segmental slots of
the wheels allow of their positions being changed to accommodate different lengths
of picture belts so as to break the circuit to the motor when the picture belt has
been moved to the proper point.
It is to be understood that the parts of this mechanism are to be supported
upon any suitable frame work or plates, and the whole apparatus can be enclosed
in a box or case to exclude dust and prevent injury to the pictures.
In preparing the picture belt with the photographs thereon, it is advantageous
to perforate the belt near the top and bottom edges before applying to the surface
thereof the sensitizing solution, in order that the pictures may be in the proper
positions, because the belt is guided by the spur pulleys. These are shown in
Figs. 12 and 13, and it is advantageous to make use of two such spur pulleys c
and d upon vertical shafts b'd, and to aid in keeping the sensitized belt t straight
and in proper focus, there is an endless belt & passing around the spur pulleys cd, and
provided with a tightener i, and the guide plate r is closely adjacent to the
sensitized belt and provided with an opening for the passage of the light from the
lens n, which lens is supported by an ordinary tube m which is movable so as to
adjust the focus, and the belt of material such as celluloid with a sensitized surface,
is wound upon the reel or spool e and placed on the shaft e¹, and the belt for the
pictures is passed around the spur pulleys cd, and the end attached to the center
portion of the spoolf, which is supported on the shaft f', and a belt 7 from the
pulley 5 is used to revolve the shaft f' and wind up the picture belt as the
pictures are taken, and the friction of this belt is only sufficient to take up
the picture belt as it passes from the spur pulleys so as not to apply too much
tension in winding up the same.
I have shown the pulley 5 upon the motor shaft a' which is driven by a pulley 1
and a belt 2, and it is provided with a revolving shutter o having in it one or
more openings at proper places for the light to pass to the sensitized belt at the
time the same is stationary, as next described.
An intermittent rotary movement is given to the shaft and spur pulley c by a
power wheel a acting upon a feed wheel b upon the shaft b' of the spur pulley c.
This feed wheel b is made with teeth, and the distance apart of these teeth
corresponds to the width of the power wheel a, and in this power wheel a there
are diagonal grooves 3, and by reference to Figs. 14, 15 and 16, it will be observed
that the feed wheel b receives an intermittent motion and it remains stationary
with one tooth at each edge of the power wheel a until one of the projections 4
coming against one tooth moves the tooth at the other side of the power wheel
into the end of the slot 3, and that tooth is carried to the other side of the power
wheel, and the next tooth is stopped against the opposite edge of the power wheel
and then the operations are repeated when the next projection 4 comes in contact
with one tooth of the feed wheel. In this manner the spur pulley that gives
motion to the picture belt is held stationary while the belt is exposed to the action
of the light, and then the shutter excludes the light, the belt is moved suddenly
and again arrested and the shutter admits the light for the next picture, and then
the light is excluded and the belt again moved, so that by this arrangement pictures
can be taken in succession with any desired rapidity; the belt is held stationary
while the pictures are being taken, and when the pictures have been applied to the
whole length of the belt, the picture belt is taken out and the pictures developed
and then exhibited in the apparatus before described. The pictures are to be
brought around to the eye-pieces about as rapidly as they have been taken, and
thereby the moving objects which have been photographed will appear in succes-
sion, and the pictures will have the life-like appearance of motion as they are
presented successively to the observer at the eye-pieces before described.
B

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
First. The combination with a picture belt having perforations near the edge,
of a spur pulley for moving the belt, a septum having an opening or openings in
the same, and means for moving the picture belt and septum in harmony so as to
expose the pictures in succession at the places of observation, substantially as
specified.
Second. The combination with the picture belt and guide pulleys for the same,
of a cylindrical septum having an opening therein, means for moving the picture
belt and eye-pieces substantially radial to the cylindrical septum, and a motor for
the picture belt, the parts being arranged and timed so that the opening in the
cylindrical septum allows the light to shine upon the picture at the time such
picture is in position for the eye-piece, substantially as set forth.
Third. A cylindrical septum having an opening in it and means for ritating the
same, in combination with a picture belt, guide wheels around the cylindrical
septum for holding the picture belt in position, eye-pieces through which the
pictures are observed, and means within the cylindrical septum for giving light to
the pictures, substantially as set forth.
Fourth. The combination in an apparatus for exhibiting successive photographs,
of a spur pulley for giving motion to the picture belt, a screw pinion upon the
shaft of such spur pulley, two wheels nctuated by such screw pinion, pins adjustable
in slots in said wheels, circuit closing levers, two switch levers which come in
contact with the circuit closing levers, a handle and connection to the switch
levers and circuit closing contacts, substantially as specified for stopping the motor
and picture belt, substantially as set forth.
Fifth. The combination in an apparatus for exhibiting successive photographs,
of a spur pulley for giving motion to the picture belt, a screw pinion upon the
shaft of such spur pulley, two wheels actuated by such screw pinion, pins
adjustable in slots in said wheels, circuit closing levers, two switch levers which
come in contact with the circuit closing levers, a handle and connection to the
switch levers and circuit closing contacts substantially as specified for stopping
the motor and picture belt, reels upon which the picture belt is wound, pulleys and
belts for driving the same and belt tighteners and clamps carried by the switch
levers, substantially as set forth.
Sixth. The combination in an apparatus for exhibiting successive photographs,
of a picture belt, a pulley with projections for driving the belt, guide pulleys for
holding the picture belt in position at the side of the driving pulley, guide rollers
for holding the belt in position while the pictures are being exhibited, a septum
having an opening, means for moving the same, and gearing between the septum
and the mechanism that drives the picture belt for ensuring harmony in the
movements of the picture belt and of the cylindrical septum, substantially as set
forth.
Seventh. The combination in an apparatus for exhibiting successive photographic
pictures, of a picture belt and mechanism for moving the same progressively, a
septum belt having openings at intervals through which the pictures can be
observed, mechanism for moving the septum belt progressively, eye-pieces through
which the pictures can be observed and guides adjacent to the eye-pieces for
holding the picture belt and the septum belt in their proper relative positions,
substantially as set forth.
Eighth. The combination in an apparatus for exhibiting successive photographs,
of a picture belt containing the pictures in succession, there being perforations in
such picture belt, pulleys with projecting pins for giving motion to the picture belt,
a septum having openings at intervals through which the pictures can be observed,
means for giving motion to such septum aud connections between the septum and
the picture belt pulley for moving the septum and the picture belt in opposite
directions and at their proper relative speeds, substantially as set forth.

page_text: Ninth. The combination in an apparatus for exhibiting successive photographs,
of a picture belt for the pictures in succession, there being perforations in the belt,
a pulley and pins for giving motion to the picture belt, a reel for containing the
belt of pictures and another reel upon which the belt of pictures is wound as drawn
along progressively and friction mechanism for giving motion to the respective
reels, substantially as set forth.
Tenth. The combination with the picture belt, the winding reels and an electric
motor and gearing and belts for moving the picture belt, of belt tighteners and
automatic mechanism for breaking the circuit to the motor when the belt of pictures
has been moved its proper length, substantially as specified.
Eleventh. The combination with the picture belt, the winding reels and an
electric motor and gearing and belts for moving the picture belt, of belt tighteners
and automatic mechanism for breaking the circuit to the motor when the belt of
pictures has been moved its proper length and circuit changing contacts for
reversing the circuits to the motor, substantially as specified.
Twelfth. The combination with the electric motor the gearing and the picture
belt moved by the same, of a wheel having a segmental slot and an adjustable pin
in the same, and means for rotating such wheel slowly and with the picture belt
and a circuit breaker actuated by such pin for stopping the picture belt after being
moved to the proper point, substantially as specified.
Thirteenth. The combination with the power shaft and a motor wheel, of a feed
wheel having teeth that come at opposite edges of the motor wheel, there being
grooves across the motor wheel at intervals to move the feed wheel one tooth at a
time, substantially as specified.
Fourteenth. The coinbination with the spur pulley and the perforated sensitized
picture belt that is moved by the same, of a lens and shutter and means for moving
the picture belt while the shutter excludes the light and for holding the picture
belt stationary while the light is admitted, substantially as specified.
Fifteenth. The combination with the power shaft and motor wheel, of a shutter
on such shaft, a lens, a spur pulley for moving the picture belt and a feed wheel
on the shaft of the spur pulley, which receives a progressive intermittent motion
from the motor wheel, substantially as specified.
Sixteenth. My improved apparatus for taking and exhibiting successive
photographic pictures, having its parts arranged and combined to operate
substantially as herein before described, and as shown with reference to the
accompanying drawings.
100e
ERNEST DE PASS,
Chartered Patent Agent,
78, Fleet Street, London, and 5ª Market Street, Nottingham,
Agent for the Applicant.