IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FILTERING SWOAD AND SACCHARINE JUICES PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Conrad William Finzel, of Bristol, Sugar Refiner,
William Needham, of Smallbury Green, in the County of Middlesex,
Manufacturer, and John Barton, of Shoe Lane, in the City of London,
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FILTERING
SWOAD AND SACCHARINE JUICES
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Conrad William Finzel,
William Needham, and John Barton at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 8th May 1856.
We, CONRAD WILLIAM FINZEL, of Bristol, Sugar Refiner, WILLIAM NEEDHAM,
of Smallbury Green, in the County of Middlesex, Manufacturer, and JOHN
BARTON, of Shoe Lane, in the City of London, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FILTERING
SUGAR AND SACCHARINE JUICES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in the adaptation to the filtration of sugar and
saccharine juices of certain apparatus, for which several Letters Patent for
Great Britain and Ireland were granted to William Needham and James
Kite, dated respectively the 14th day of July 1853, and 1st December 1855
and to James Kite, the 15th June 1854.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Conrad William Finzel, William Needham, and John Barton
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 7th November 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, CONRAD
WILLIAM FINZEL, of Bristol, Sugar Refiner, WILLIAM NEEDHAM, of Smallbury
Green, in the County of Middlesex, Manufacturer, and JOHN BARTON, of Shoc
Lane, in the City of London, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us the said Conrad
William Finzel, William Needham, and John Barton, Her special licence
that we, the said Conrad William Finzel, William Needham, and John
Barton, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we,
the said Conrad William Finzel, William Needham, and John Barton, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FILTERING
SUGAR AND SACCHARINE JUICES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we,
the said Conrad William Finzel, William Needham, and John Barton, or one
of us; our executors, or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our,
or their; or one of our or their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent..
NOW KNOW YE,' that we, the said Conrad William Finzel, William
Needham, and John Barton, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
Our Invention consists in the adaptation to the filtration of sugar and
saccharine juices of certain apparatus, for which Letters Patent for Great
Britain and Ireland were granted to William Needham and James Kite, the
Fourteenth day of July, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three. The
essential feature of the aforesaid apparatus is the combination of straining or
filtering cloths or other textile fabrics with grooved slabs or planks, in such

page_text: manner that while the slabs or planks receive and resist the pressure to which
the fluids or semi-fluids are subjected in order to strain or filter then, the
grooves form passages or channels by which the expressed and filtered fluids
pass away to suitable receivers or otherwise. The cloths or other textile
fabrics employed are each turned over and folded down around their edges, so
that they form for the time bags or chambers, into which the fluid or semi-fluid
enters by a pipe; at one point the folds at their edges are so arranged that
the internal pressure of the fluid has no tendency to separate the edges, but
on the contrary tends to tighten the folds. The object of this arrangement is
to prevent the fluid operated upon from escaping in any other way than through
the substance of the cloth or other fabric, and at the same time to leave the
cloth or other fabric unjoined at its edges, so that after the operation it may
be opened out to facilitate the removal of the solid substances remaining in it.
Two grooved slabs or planks and one cloth form one filtering chamber, and
by placing additional slabs or planks above or below the first, or side by side
with them, or otherwise in connection therewith; any number of such filtering
chambers may be formed, the whole being supported by any suitable framework
calculated to sustain the pressure to which the fluids to be filtered will be
subjected. Now, we adapt this apparatus to the filtration of sugar and
saccharine juices by employing a series of chambers formed as above:described,
and in some cases we place within each chamber a loose grooved slab or
plank with filtering medium on each side of the slab, the object of which is
to assist in compressing the substance remaining in the cloth or cloths. This
effect is obtained by shutting off the connection between the supply pipe and
that chamber (by means of a stop-cock with which each supply pipe is
provided or otherwise), and by allowing the pressure to be continued in the
chamber above or below it or in both, the effect being to force the juice out
of the said chamber and to press the loose slab or plank against the substance
or substances remaining in the cloth or other fabric on the opposite side of
the floating slab, whereby the expression of the juice from it to the greatest
possible extent will be obtained. This arrangement may be said to be double
acting. In order to clear the substance or substances which the cloths or
other fabrics retain as far as possible from saccharine matter, and to cleanse
them should they become choked during the filtration, we pass steam or hot
water through them by means of suitable pipes before the chamber is opened
and the remaining substance or substances are removed from it. The supply
pipes of all the several chambers may join one larger supply pipe, and the
juices are forced through this either by a force pump, the pressure of a
column, or head of the liquid, or otherwise. As the arrangement of the

page_text: framework used with our apparatus may be varied indefinitely, and, as the
nature of and the manner of performing our Invention, are fully described
and ascertained by the preceding description, reference being also had, to the
Specification to the said Patent granted to William Needham and James
Kite, the Fourteenth July, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, we
do not think it necessary to annex Drawings hereunto. Instead of filtering
cloths alone, we sometimes combine therewith other filtering medium, such as
animal charcoal, or, other suitable substance, placed inside or powdered over
the cloths.
And having now described the nature of our said Invention, and, in what
manner the same is to be performed, we declare, that we claim, the adaptation
to t the filtering of sugar and saccharine juices of the aforesaid apparatus
patented in Great Britain and Ireland, by William Needham and James Kite,
the Fourteenth day of July, One thousand eight hundred, and fifty-three,.by
the means and in the manner herein-before described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Conrad William Finzel,. William Need-
.
ham, and John Barton; have hereunto set our hands and seals, this
Sixth day of November, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
CONRAD WM FINZEL
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