IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES AND BROOMS, AND IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1877

page_text: "
LETTERS PATENT to Auguste Marie Gustave de Mont and Jean Victor Gane, of
Paris (France), Engineers, for the Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES AND BROOMS, AND IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREIN."
"
Sealed the 13th July 1877, and dated the 26th February 1877.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Auguste Marie Gustave de Mont
and Jean Victor Gane at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
26th February 1877.
AUGUSTE MARIE GUSTAVE DE MONT and JEAN VICTOR GANE, of Paris (France),
Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES AND BROOMS, AND
IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
Our Invention consists,―
1st. In a new mode of fixing tufts or knots in the wood, horn, ivory, or other
material forming the stock or body of brushes and brooms of all kinds.
2nd. In an apparatus which we call an inserter for allowing the fixing of the
tufts according to the said mode, to be effected either by hand or mechanically.
3rd. In the combination and in the special parts of a machine for manufacturing
mechanically brushes and brooms, and chiefly by the application of the mode of
fixing and of the inserter above mentioned.
We proceed to describe successively with reference to the annexed Drawings the
mechanical arrangements, parts, and operations for carrying out our Invention.
I. Mode of Fixing.-According to our Invention the fixing of the tufts in the
stock of the brush is effected by means of a small piece cut from thin sheet iron or
other metal, which we call the anchor. It is represented in front and side views in
Figure 1. This piece a, introduced into the hole in the stock b of the brush, forces
in and fixes the tuft in the stock in place of the wire generally employed. When
the tuft is in place the sides of the anchor are forcibly separated from each other by
means of a punch c made of a blade of wedge form at the end, see Figure 2. The
teeth of the anchor penetrate the sides of the hole, and firmly press the back of the
tuft against the bottom. The anchor, which was previously of the form seen in
Figure 3, is now of the form shewn in Figure 4, and the tuft is so firmly embeddeḍ
Duinn 077

page_text: that it cannot be withdrawn without removing pieces from the sides of the hole.
The different operations of fixing the tuft, setting the anchor, folding, centreing,
penetration, and pressing are effected with the inserter, operated either by hand or
mechanically. We will now describe it.
II. Inserter. This tool is represented full size and in several views, elevation,
longitudinal, and transverse sections in Figures 5 to 5º. It is composed of two
pieces the first is the punch already mentioned, which is formed of a blade fixed to
a punch rod. This rod is terminated by a flat part when the punch has to be
driven with a hammer, in the case where the insertion of the tuft is done with the
hand or by a ring, see Figures 6 and 61, when the punch has to be hooked to a
lever in the case where the insertion is done mechanically. The second part is the
body of the inserting tool. This is a long steel piece, which is formed with a
central channel; this channel for the greater part of its length is of the exact
section of the punch rod, which should slide freely therein (see the sections,
Figures 51, 52, and 55). In the middle part its section becomes thin to allow only the
blade of the punch to pass (see the sections, Figures 51, 50, 57, 58). At its lower part the
hole is oval for the passage of the folded tuft, with a small groove at each side for
guiding the blade and the anchor (see the sections, Figures 51, 52, 58). On the left
side and in the same plane as the middle hollow a slot or opening is formed to
engage the anchor, and place it exactly in front of the punch. On the right side is
another opening for the introduction of the tuft into the tool. This opening com-
pletely traverses this side, but is narrower than the anchor is long, in order that the
latter may not escape. Lastly, the lower part terminates in a cone to facilitate the
centreing of the tuft on the hole of the brush. The tool represented in the Drawing
is made to be worked by the machine; it is fitted thereto as well as the square
piece, to which it is fixed by screws.
The working of the tool by hand is effected as follows:-The tuft is introduced
by the opening of the tool after the punch has been withdrawn to the desired height.
The anchor is introduced by the slot and pushed until it is in the axis of the punch
blade; the punch is pressed upon by hand to cause it to penetrate; the wedge
shaped end of the blade engages in the corresponding notch of the anchor, pushes it
before it while holding it. The anchor meeting the tuft folds it, and draws it to
the end of the tool, where it forms a half sphere. The tool is then placed on the
hole in the stock of the brush, with a suitable inclination if required. By then
continuing to push the punch the tuft and the anchor penetrate together to the
bottom of the hole. If at this moment an energetic pressure is exerted on the upper
end of the punch, or if this end is struck with a hammer the wedge of the punch
would produce its effect, that is to say, that while forcibly pressing the tuft to the
bottom of the hole it will separate the sides of the anchor, and cause them to pene-
trate the sides of the hole. The punch may then be withdrawn to recommence the
same work with another tuft.
III. Machine for Fixing the Tufts Mechanically.-This machine is represented in
longitudinal elevation in Figure 7; vertical section in Figure 8, through the_line
X, Y, of Figure 7; plan in Figure 9, being partly in section through the line U, T,
of Figure 7; and horizontal section in Figure 10 through the line Z, W, of
Figure 7.
Being supplied with brush stocks suitably pierced, bristles in packets such as are
now found in commerce, and having selected such as the nature of the brushes to be
manufactured requires, and lastly strips of metal from which the anchors have to
be cut, the following are the operations to be performed, and which we perform
with our machine: We divide the mass of bristles into long narrow strips, the
width of which varies according to the size of the holes in the brush stocks. These
strips are drawn successively before a small apparatus which we call a separator,
which successively separates a tuft and leads it to the place formed for it in the
inserter. On the other hand the metal strip is drawn into a stamper forming part,
of the machine, and where the anchors are stamped out. These anchors are brought
successively into the inserter behind the tufts, which they have to hold, push into̟

page_text: One more of the stock is then placed at the end of the
inserter, and held rigid. At this moment the punch of the inserter pushes the
anchor into the hole until the whole meet. The punch of the inserter continuing
its course causes the toothed sides of the anchor to separate and to penetrate the
wood of the stock. The fixing is now finished, the stock can be withdrawn, the
tuft which has just been inserted disengaged, and the same series of operations may
then be recommenced.
We will now describe the machine and detail the parts and movements which
assure the operations above mentioned, and which are as follows:-
1. Introduction of the bristles or fibres before forming tufts.
2. Formation and separation of the tuft, and its introduction into the inserting
tool.
3. Introduction of the metal strips from which the anchors are stamped, stamping
of the anchors, and their introduction into the inserting tool.
4. Bending or folding of the tuft.
5. Introduction of the stock opposite the inserting tool.
6. Insertion of the tuft. Lastly, the description comprises a final explanation.
7. Putting into work, engaging, disengaging, and relation of the different move-
ments to each other.
The
1. Introduction of the Bristles or Fibres before forming Tufts.---The bristles or
fibres are placed vertically in a reservoir A, in which moves under the action of a
slide a drawn by a weight a horizontal bar a¹ connected to the said slide a.
slide itself works in a longitudinal groove in the moveable bottom of the reservoir.
The reservoir is confined at one end by the chain carrier B, herein-after explained.
If the bar is retained at the other end, and the reservoir supplied with bristles, and
the bar be then freed, it will under the action of the weight press upon the bristles,
and cause them to bear against the chain carrier. It is by means of a nut a² that
the height of the movable bottom of the reservoir can be varied, according to the
height at which the tufts should be folded. The drawing away of the bristles is
effected by means of two endless chains identical, and placed one over the other, see
Figures 11 and 11. Each chain is composed of a certain number of similar links
connected together by rivetted pins, and each carrying a horizontal pin. These
chains are drawn in the same horizontal movement in the direction indicated by an
arrow, because they pass over polygonal rollers (furnished with teeth if required),
and coupled in pairs on the same pin or axis, see Figures 7 and 8. Each chain is
supported horizontally by two thin metal cheeks, between which it slides. The two
middle cheeks constitute one of the edges of the channel C for conducting the bristles,
the other side of this channel being formed by the corresponding face of the inserter.
This channel C is formed so that the teeth of the chain escape entirely from the
bristles which it holds by sinking between the cheeks before arriving at the height
of the axis of the front rollers. Owing to this arrangement the pins of the chain
disengage from the bristles when parallel to themselves. The polygonal back rollers
turn freely on their axis, which is withdrawn sufficiently to give a good tension to
the chains, and which is fixed by tightening a nut.
On the axis of the front rollers, and below the lower cheek, is a ratchet wheel b,
which receives a rotary movement in the direction indicated by the arrow from a
paul worked by the lever b¹; a stop paul 62 prevents movement in the opposite
direction. Lastly, another piece for introducing tufts consists of a sort of forked
shuttle b³, one of the limbs of which moves, guided by slides, between the middle
cheeks of the chain carrier, and parallel to the direction of the chains. The other
limb, terminated in a point, is parallel to the first, and is arranged in such manner,
and at such a distance, that, pushed forward up to the end of its course, it forms a
continuation of the channel C. This shuttle has a vertical handle at its end; in
its forward movement it traverses the two sides of the reservoir of bristles, and in
its backward movement the pointed limb becomes entirely disengaged from the
reservoir.
The conducting of the bristles is easily explained:-Suppose that the pointed

page_text: limb of the shuttle has been quite disengaged from the bristle reservoir, the
reservoir being supplied with bristles, we have seen how under the action of the
horizontal bar the bristles will be caused to bear against the cheeks of the chain
carrier, the pins will necessarily penetrate into the bristles for the whole length
which they pass the cheeks. Pushing then the shuttle forward, its point will
penetrate into the mass of bristles, and it will separate a row or quantity having a
thickness equal to that of the channel C. If the width of this channel be varied,
the width of the strip of bristles, separated by the shuttle, should be varied the same
quantity. This result is obtained by more or less excentreing the slides in relation
to their fixed axis. Supposing that there was a disengagement at the front end of
the channel C, cause the paul to act on the ratchet; this in turning causes the
axis to turn, and consequently the two rollers fixed on it which draw the chains.
The teeth of the chains being engaged in the bristles, cause these to follow thêm
and become disengaged successively at the end of the channel. Immediately the
artificial channel, formed by the shuttle, is empty, the shuttle is drawn back, the
mass of bristles bears against the cheeks, the shuttle is made to penetrate, a fresh
quantity of bristles is separated, and so on until the reservoir is empty, and which
can be fed while the machine is at work. In reality there is not a free disengage-
ment at the end of the bristle conducting channel, but it is open laterally to allow
the passage of a tuft separated, as herein-after described, and introduced into the
inserter. It becomes thus partially disengaged at each tuft formed, and the action
of all the conducting apparatus fills the space with fresh bristles; the movement of
the chains under the action of the ratchet has besides for result to heap up the
bristles under a constant and determined pressure by the action of a spring fixed
on the lever which commands the movement of the paul, and consequently that of
the ratchet and of the chains. If then a constant bulk of bristles is separated to
form each tuft, the tufts will be very much alike.
2. Formation and Separation of the Tufts, and its Introduction into the Inserting
Tool. These operations are effected with parts which we call the separator and the
movable bottom, and which are represented at D and E, Figures 7, 8, 9, and full
size in the detail views, Figures 12, 13, 14, 15. These two parts are united like
scissor blades on the same axis or pin ³, fixed to the frame, and they always tend
to approach each other under the action of the spring d'; their approach is always
limited by a screw d², which permits of this limit being varied. The separator is
put in motion by a lever d³, to which it is connected by the intermediation of a rod
ds, and it oscillates around the axis d³, its upper part is guided by the aid of a
notch made in the upper plate of the chain carrier. Supposing it to be at one of
the ends of its course, its point outside the bristle conducting channel, the movable
bottom has followed it under the influence of the spring which connects them, but,
the back part of this movable bottom has been stopped by a screw head de forming
an abutment at such a point that it constitutes the lateral opening of the conducting
channel. The separator, then moving in the reverse direction, penetrates into the
bristles first, and afterwards into the movable bottom, separates a tuft, driving back,
on account of its form, the mass of bristles in the conducting channel. The tuft is
thus formed and caught between two faces of the separator, the movable bottom,
and a small part of the inserting tool which guides it until it has penetrated the
opening of the inserter, where it should be folded. The separator, continuing its
movement and pushing the movable bottom before it, conducts the tufts into the
opening formed in the inserter to receive it. The tuft is folded and inserted, as
herein-after described, and the separator and the movable bottom return to their
original position to separate a fresh tuft.
We have stated that the movable bottom was stopped in its course by a screw
head de forming an abutment; this screw head is excentred in such manner as to
permit the point of stoppage of the movable bottom to be varied, and consequently
the bulk of the tuft separated, which, as we have seen, is limited on one side by
'the position of the movable bottom in the lateral opening of the conducting
channel.

page_text: 3. Introduction of the Metal Strips from which the Anchors are Stamped, Stamp-
ing of the Anchors, and their Introduction into the Inserting Tool-The anchors
for fixing the tufts in the brush stocks are stamped out in the machine itself from
metal strips, having a variable width equal to the height of the anchors, and a
thickness varying according to the strength which it is desired to give these
anchors. The metal employed will generally be soft iron, but brass or tinned iron
may be employed in some cases. The metal strips are wound on a drum, and
unwind in proportion to the stamping and to the employment of the anchors. The
strip receives an advance calculated to push forward each anchor after its stamping,
and to present its parts successively to the stamps; this advance has a travel equal
to the width of an anchor, increased by the width of the waste produced between
two successive anchors. It is indispensable, in order that the fixing of the tufts may
be good and even possible, that the anchor should be the same width as the grooved
channel of the inserter. If this condition be not fulfilled, this piece will be defective,
because not being symmetrical it will be badly taken hold of by the punch, and it
might escape it before penetrating the wood; this effect would be produced if any
cause, such as wear or rupture of a matrix or of a punch diminished the travel of
the strip towards the inserter by producing a slip.
This inconvenience is avoided by the following mechanism which we have com-
bined to produce the advance of the strip, and at the same time to cause automatic
disengagement as soon as there is a slip, no matter how slight. This mechanism
comprises two vertical levers F and F¹ turning around axes situated on the same
horizontal plane. The conducting lever F is put in motion by the lever f; the
other vertical lever receives its motion only from the metal strip as we will proceed
to explain. The rod f* fixed to the lever F connects the two levers in such
manner that the lever F¹ cannot be drawn by it in the same forward movement as
the lever F, but always forces it to retire with the latter. A spring uniting these
two levers forces that, F¹, to move parallel to that, F, so long as a resistance greater
than the power of the spring which draws them together does not stop the lever F1
in its movement. The strip traverses the levers F, F¹, rubbing lightly on the upper
and horizontal heels of these levers. A piece is held to the lever F¹ by a pin
which plays vertically in an oval hole of the piece f³. This piece f5 at the suitable
moment, that is to say, before the forward motion presses the strip against the heels
of the levers F, F¹, under the thrust of the piece f* which the lever fe of a cam ƒ?
commands. The loosening should be complete at the moment of the receding of
the levers F, F¹. The catch or paul f which normally rests by a surface of slight
length upon a heel f" of the lever F, follows the latter in all its movements; this
catch is connected to the end of the lever f10, which is attached to the end of the
lever of the friction engaging apparatus of the machine herein-after described. The
lever 10 is furnished with a catch f¹¹. The rod fixed at one of its ends to the
engaging lever is attached at its other end to a pedal g. The spring g³ fixed to the
lever g and to the frame always tends to produce the disengagement. The pedal
should therefore overcome this resistance at the time of the engagement. The flat
spring fixed to the fly wheel H always tends to approach the friction cone G,
taking the head of the screw h³ as a point of support; its flexion allows of hooking.
the catch f, annulling the influence of the play of the joints. A spring fixed to the
rod falways causes the catch to become hooked to the heel.
The automatic disengagement takes place as follows:-If the strip is tightened on
the heels of the levers by the thrust of the piece f4, and a forward movement is
imparted to the lever F it will advance to the same extent, drawing the lever F¹ in
its motion. If during this action an abnorinal resistance is produced, that is to say,
if the strip ceases to advance, the lever F will continue its travel, its upper heel
sliding in the strip. Now as the lever F¹ and the piece f* move only by the pull of
the strip, they will remain unmoved. Then the rod f³ which follows the lever F
will unhook the catch f8 which will fall, causing the disengagement of the machine
under the action of the spring g³. For engaging the machine it suffices to bear
upon the pedal g'; the lever g' in descending will lift the catches f" and ƒ³ and

page_text: produce the hooking of the latter on the heel ƒ of the lever F¹. The disengage-
ment of the machine can be effected, independently of all the above movement, by
the displacement of a sort of pedal f¹3 which is moved by one of the knees of the
attendant. The action of the knee on this pedal separates the catch f" from the
end of the disengaging lever g¹, the engagement of this catch being made by the
spring 13 The recoil of the strip is prevented by the catch f¹.
The cutting of the anchors is effected by means of two juxtaposed stamps I, with
punches and matrices; one of the stamps removes the middle part of the anchor
forming the opening to the two inclined faces on which the inserter-punch should
act; the other separates the anchors giving them the toothed form which their sides
should possess. The distance from axis to axis of the two punches is equal to twice
and a half the width of an anchor, increased by the width of the waste produced by
two succession anchors; the space between the outer part of the second punch and
the bottom of the lodgment of the anchor in the inserting tool is equal to the width
of 3 anchors; the anchors are pushed successively into this lodgment by the thrust
of the metal strip itself.
When thick tufts are required, the high and thick anchors necessitate for their
cutting the use of considerable power. If the machino works with the foot, in order
not to diminish the production the anchors must be cut separately and be brought
successively into the axis of the inserter J in the same position and at the same
moment as when the cutting took place on the machine. For this purpose we
range the anchors flatwise by hand or mechanically in the suitable position, in a
vertical channel of rectangular section, and of dimensions slightly greater than the
height and width of the anchors in order to facilitate the descent of the column of
anchors. The descent is further assisted by a weight or spring. At the lower
closed part of the channel is a groove perpendicular to the inserter of the same
width, height, and position as that of the stamper into which the strip passed. This
channel should be as near the axis of the inserter as possible; it is kept in place in
the same way as the stamper which it replaces. If we now imagine a finger jointed
to the conducting lever and entering with easy friction the horizontal groove of the
vertical channel, the motion which the lever F gives to it will be produced at an
opportune time, and will successively conduct an anchor into the interior exactly as
the strip did.
It is hardly necessary to say that the end of the finger blade in the return move-
ment should be kept back to allow the anchor to be pushed that it may place itself
in front of it, and that it should push it a little more than its width for the samo
This travel should also be sufficient for the anchor which the punch draws
to be conducted to the axis of the inserter. The movement of the anchors and their
position should on the whole be what they were when the stamping was done in
reason.
the machine.
4. Bending or Folding of the Tuft.-We have seen how, on the one hand, the
tuft, and on the other hand the anchor for fixing it in the stock, were conducted to
the inserting tool. If now the punch of the inserter push the anchor this will
press on the tuft, and cause it to bend in order to enter the cylindrical hole in the
inserter, and the bent tuft will present a hemispherical cap at the end of the
inserter.
5. Introduction of the Stocks Opposite the Inserting Tool.-The stocks, as is
seen in Figures 7 and 9, are placed on the plate l, of the motion of which they
partake; they are kept against it in suitable position by the hand of the attendant.
The inclination of the plane of this plate in relation to the axis of the inserter J is
obtained by the hand acting on an endless screw which commands and holds in
place a toothed sector which it carries. This inclination should be such that the
axis of the hole which covers the end of the inserter J is exactly a prolongation of
the axis of the latter; this is easily obtained with a little attention since the plate
Z is identical as regards horizontal movement, inclination, and arrangement with
that on which the attendant rests the stocks in the perforating machines now used.
The plate is mounted on the right end of the slide L, which, by the lever 1,

page_text: receives its motion from the horizontal rod M. The advance of the stock to the
inserter is greater or less, according to the length which is given to the left part of
this rod M by acting on the right and left handed nut m.
We have seen in the general description of the results to be produced that the
stock is applied against the end of the inserter J, and remains fixed there during
the insertion of the tuft and the withdrawal of the punch. As it is pushed by the
rod M this result cannot be produced if the joint of the lever with this rod M is
at a fixed point. This joint is in the eye of a slide 10, movable with easy friction
in a horizontal guide in the rod M. This slide is always pushed to the left end of
the guide by a coiled spring sunk in the thickness of the rod M. When therefore
the stock abuts against the inserter the rod M continuing to push it will produce
no other result than that of bearing against the inserter, compressing the coiled
spring against the slide 110. At the moment of the recoil this spring will relax, the
slide 10 will return to position, and then only will the stock separate from the
inserter. The pressure of the stock against the inserter by the action of this spring
would not be sufficient to resist the thrust of the punch necessary for a good fixing
of the tuft. The following is how the recoil of the stock is prevented at that
moment. On the lower part of the slide L, and perpendicularly to its length, five
triangular teeth are cut, in which at a suitable moment a catch 13 engages, the teeth
of which represent exactly the spaces between those of the slide L. These teeth are
such that the motion of the slide L towards the inserter is always easy, but its recoil
impossible when the catch 13 is engaged. The movement of this catch is given by
the rod, under the impulse of the levers and 17, which the cam 18 moves, the
spring assuring the contact of the roller of the lever on the cam 18. In reality
the catch is an assemblage of 3 catches of the same form, but the teeth of each
while being similar to those of the other two are retracted one third of a tooth from
those of the adjoining catch at the right. This arrangement limits the maximum
recoil of the slide L to one-third of a tooth. As each of these catches enter the teeth of
the slide La different amount to that of the other two a slight elasticity should be
given to the rods which connect these catches to the rod 15. The following is
how each rod plays with easy friction in a corresponding hole in the head of the
rod 15. Below each rod a coiled spring sunk in the head of the rod / always
tends to make it go out, but a pin traversing this rod and playing in a short cor-
responding groove formed in the head 15 opposes its going out.
We will now, in a few words, state the successive operations for introducing the
stocks. The slide 10 is at the left end of the groove of the rod M. The stock
pushed by the slide L advances till it meets the inserter at the moment when the
bent tuft commences to show itself at the end of the inserter. The catches 13
engage to prevent the recoil, the tuft advances into the stock and becomes fixed
therein while the rod M compresses its spring against the slide 10; then the rod M
moves back at the same time that the punch of the inserter becomes disengaged
from the stock; the catches / become disengaged, the slide 110 occupies at this
moment the left end of its groove, and the stock can separate from the inserter,
drawing with it the tuft which has just been fixed in it.
6. Insertion of the Tuft.-The tuft being folded or bent, and presenting itself at
the orifice of the inserter, which is covered by a hole of the brush stock, the
latter being kept rigid, the axis of the hole forming besides a prolongation
of the axis of the inserter, if the punch of the inserter continues its travel it
pushes the tuft and the anchor, and makes them penetrate the hole until they
get to the bottom thereof. Continuing to advance, the punch separates the two
sides of the anchor, making them penetrate the stock, and the fixing is thus
complete; then the punch retires, the table for the stock recedes, the tuft disengages
itself, and the series of operations which we have described recommences.
punch is driven by the lever N, which receives its impulse from the rod M. This
rod is made extensible by a nut m¹ (right and left handed) which allows of the
exit of the punch being regulated.
The
7. Putting into Work, Engaging, Disengaging, and Relation of the Different

page_text: Movements to each other.-All the movements are carried by the same cast-iron
frame O, fixed to the ground by feet by means of ties or bolts; this frame carries
near the middle a socket formed in a piece with it, traversed by the main shaft or
driving shaft P. At the left end of this shaft, Figure 8, a wheel H turns freely
either under the impulse of a strap which partly surrounds it or under that of a
crank stud connected to the pedal ¹ by the rod h. On the shaft P is keyed the
friction cone G, movable on this shaft in the direction of its length, when it is
drawn in one direction or the other by the small levers g³, g', furnished with
conical rollers. These levers pinned on the axis of the support g2, fixed to the
frame O, are commanded by means of a portion of the lever g' in one direction
by the rod g³ and the pedal g', and in the other by the spring g in such manner
that the friction cone G follows the movement in a corresponding hollow of the
wheel H under the impulse of the spring g³, or becomes disengaged by rubbing on
the fixed rods ge making a stop break under the impulse of the pedal g which the
foot of the attendant works. The shaft P terminates at its right end in a
plate p forming a cam, on which a crank stud p¹ is fixed provided with a slide
moving freely in the vertical groove of a horizontal rod M. This rod M, the two
ends of which are separately extensible by means of right and left handed nuts
m³, m', is connected to the levers N and which carry it, and to which it com-
municates its oscillating motion. It thus commands the motion of the punch of
the inserter and the motion of the stock-carrying slide.
An excentric p² which the shaft P forms at the left of the plate just mentioned
commands a rod Q, which has a socket at its lower part, that of the excentric and
two extensible rods q', q¹, independently one of the other by means of bolts (right
and left threads). These rods 7', q³, each command a punch of the anchor stamper.
The cam plate p of the shaft P commanding the roller of the lever R consequently
gives to the vertical rod 7 the upward impulse. The contact of the roller with the
cam p, that is to say, the downward impulse is obtained by the spring, as is
easily seen by Figure 8. It is this cam which commands the conducting of the
metal strips, and consequently of the anchors and the movements of the separator
and movable bottom. At the left of the shaft P, against the socket of the frame,
are keyed two cams f7, f8; the one, f, assures the compression of the metal strips
to be cut, and the other, f8, causes the disengagement of the catches 13. It is hardly
necessary to say that the crank stud p¹ and the excentric p² are at a suitable angle
to each other, and that the cams p, f, and 18 have the form which the movements
to be produced require.
Putting into Work.-The wheel H turning in the proper direction (that of the
arrow) either by means of a belt or of the pedal h², and the catch f8 being in place,
the friction cone G and with it the shaft P participate in the movement of the
wheel unless an abnormal resistance produces a slipping of the two cones one on the
other.
Disengaging. When it is required to disengage it suffices to bear on the hori-
zontal pedal 12, the lever g¹ will become disengaged from the catch f¹, the cone G
will recede to the right (sliding on the shaft) under the action of the spring g³, and
will bear upon the rods g, which forming a break will at once arrest it.
And having now described the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, we declare that we claim as our "improvements in
the manufacture of brushes and brooms," and in machinery and apparatus employed
therein,―
First. The mode of fixing the tufts or knots by means of what are herein termed
"anchors," substantially as herein-before described.
Second. The inserting tool and its punch, constructed substantially as herein-
before described.
Third. The apparatus for cutting or stamping the anchors and the arrangement
for regulating and working the punches, substantially as herein-before described.
Fourth. The apparatus for conducting the strip and the anchors which have been
cut therefrom, substantially as herein-before described.

page_text: Fifth. The finger for conducting into the inserter anchors which have not been
cut in the machine, substantially as herein-before described.
Sixth. The automatic disengagement when the thrust of the metal strip from
which the anchors are made is incomplete, substantially as herein-before described.
Seventh. The arrangement for engaging which always puts the safety apparatus
in place while allowing of the stoppage of the machine independently thereof, sub-
stantially as herein-before described.
Eighth. The arrangement of the reservoir with movable bottom allowing of the
employment of bundles of bristles, such as are ordinarily sold, and the manufacture
without change of parts of all kinds of tufts, whatever be the point where the fold
or bend has to be made, substantially as herein-before described.
.
Ninth. The shuttle which allows of the separation of the bristles in the reservoir
into strips of different thicknesses, this shuttle being worked by hand or
mechanically, substantially as herein-before described.
Tenth. The arrangement of chains with pins to hold and draw the strips of
bristles to the separator, the elastic driving of these chains, and the disengagement
of their pins when parallel to themselves by means of the inclined plane of the
cheeks, all substantially as herein-before described.
Eleventh. The separator and the movable bottom, the arrangement which while
connecting them together allows them to produce the useful and different results
explained; the means of regulating the thickness of the tufts and of holding
tightly that separated for its conveyance to the inserter, all substantially as herein-
before described.
Twelfth. The catch apparatus of the slide carrying the stock table which gives
the stocks the necessary rigidity at the time of the insertion compensating the
differences in the thickness of stocks of the same kind, substantially as herein-before
described.
· Thirteenth. The elastic slide of the horizontal rod which allows the stock when
once in place to remain motionless during the engagement of the catch apparatus,
the insertion, the withdrawal of the inserter punch, and the disengagement of the
catch apparatus, substantially as herein-before described.
Fourteenth. The arrangement or combination of parts forming a machine for
manufacturing brushes and brooms, substantially as herein-before described and
represented in the annexed Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said Auguste Marie Gustave de Mont and Jean
Victor Gane, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-fourth
day of February, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
。 Witness,
CHARLES MARDELES,
Ingénieur, Civil.
A. M. G. DE MONT. (L.S.)
J. V. GANE.
(L.S.)