IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF ANTISEPTICS AND DISINFECTANTS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT Charles Thomas Kingzett, of Shaftesbury Terrace, Warwick
Road, Kensington, Chemist, and Maximilian Zingler, of Buckland Terrace,
Belsize Park, Gentleman, both in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF ANTISEPTICS AND DISINFECTANTS."
Scaled the 20th June 1876, and dated the 24th January 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Thomas Kingzett and
Maximilian Zingler at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th
January 1876.
CHARLES THOMAS KINGZETT, of Shaftesbury Terrace, Warwick Road, Kensington,
Chemist, and MAXIMILIAN ZINGLER, of Buckland Terrace, Belsize Park, Gentleman,
both in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF ANTI-
SEPTICS AND DISINFECTANTS."
Our Invention consists in exposing turpentine or rosin spirit and water to
atanospheric oxidation, or the turpentine may be oxidized by itself and afterwards
treated with water. This oxidation may be automatically effected by exposure to
sunshine, or by blowing or drawing a current of air through the bodies at an
elevated temperature, from, say, 20° centigrade to 100° centigrade. In any of
these operations alkalies may be used. This process gives a watery solution con-
taining camphor, peroxide of hydrogen, and camphoric acid, together with other
substances, and which solution has antiseptic and disinfecting powers, the use of
which we consider a point of importance. There is also a turpentine residue, which
may be applied in other industrial processes, such as for lubrications in conjunction
with oleaginous matter, and for varnishes, which we also consider important; and
also as important the use of turpentine oxidized by other agents, as nitric acid,
chromic acid, and so forth, and the products of its treatment with water; also
the use of mixtures containing the constituents characteristic of the watery product
described above. The antiseptic and disinfecting properties extend to the preser-
vation of foods and matters from decomposition, as milk, heers, paste (such as flour
paste), albumen, meats, and waters, and so forth; also for watering roads and streets,
and the general purposes of antiseptics and disinfectants.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Charles Thomas Kingzett and Maximilian Zingler in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 22nd July 1876.
CHARLES THOMAS KINGZETT, of Shaftesbury Terrace, Warwick Road, Kensington,
Chemist, and MAXIMILIAN ZINGLER, of Buckland Terrace, Belsize Park, Gentleman,
both in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF ANTI-
SEPTICS AND DISINFECTANTS."
Our Invention consists in exposing turpentine or rosin spirit and water to
atmospheric oxidation, or the turpentine may be oxidized by itself, and afterwards
treated with water. This oxidation may be automatically effected by exposure to
sunshine, or by blowing or drawing a current of air through the bodies at an elevated
temperature from, say, twenty degrees centigrade to one hundred degrees centigrade.
In any of these operations alkalis may be used. This process gives a watery
solution containing camphor, peroxide of hydrogen, and camphoric acid, together
with other substances, which solution has antiseptic and disinfecting powers, the use
of which we consider a point of importance. There is also a turpentine residue,
which may be applied in other industrial processes, such as for lubrications in con-
junction with oleaginous matter, and for varnishes, and vehicles for colours, which
we also consider important; and also as important the use of turpentine oxidized
by other agents, as nitric acid, chromic acid, and so forth, and the products of its
treatment with water; also the use of mixtures containing the constituents
characteristic of the watery product described above. The antiseptic and disin-
fecting properties extend to the preservation of foods and animal matters from
decomposition, as milk, beers, paste (such as flour paste), albumen, neats, and waters,
and so forth; also for watering roads and streets, and the general purposes of anti-
septics and disinfectants.
In carrying out our Invention above described we proceed as follows:-The
principle pervading the various modes of operating is the same, and consists in
causing the oil of turpentine or other hydrocarbons to absorb oxygen, which treat-
ment gives rise to the formation of various bodies, among which may be enumerated,
(1) peroxide of hydrogen; (2) camphoric acid; (3) camphor; (4) certain oxidized
bodies of the resin series; together with (5) polymerised oil of turpertine (when this
agent is employed, as is usually our choice). If water be present the bodies marked
1, 2, and 3 pass into the water, thus giving rise to a solution which has antiseptic and
disinfecting characters. This is one of our products. The bodies marked 4 and 5
have, by the act of absorption of oxygen described above, formed the residue
insoluble in water, and this is of greater weight, volume for volume, than the
original oil of turpentine, that is to say, it has a greater specific gravity, and is
somewhat dark in colour. This is our second product. Its amount and also the
amount of antiseptic solution obtainable from the oxidation of turpentine in the
presence of water depends upon many conditions, such as, 1, temperature employed;
2, amount used of turpentine; 3, the amount of water used; 4, the rate of absorption
of oxygen. These conditions are under control, and of course the amount and cor-
responding strength of the products is in relation to all the above conditions.
Therefore there are several methods of proceeding which are open for adoption
according to will; thus, 1st, the oil may be oxydised by itself, and the product
treated with water; this method however we only recommend when the object is
to get the residue, and not the antiseptic. In such case however it is not necessary
to treat the product with water, as in that state it is capable of performing the
functions of a vehicle for the application of colour; it can also be used as a
lubricant, and as a varnish, with or without admixture with other bodies, as may
be desired. 2nd, the oil may be oxydized with water in the following proportions:-
1 of oil with 1 of water; 2 oil with 1 of water; 3 oil with 1 of water, and so
forth, or tho water may be increased in proportion to the oil; according, in fact, as
it may be desired to get the antiseptic solution of any strength. To this antiseptic
we give the name sanitas," and it has the properties above stated.

page_text: 16
Now as regards the exact modus operandi by which the oxidation is effected
several varieties may be used, but we prefer to carry out this as follows:-Into one
or more cylindrical earthenware or other vessel or vessels is charged the turpentine,
or any mixture of it and water, and with this vessel proper connections are made,
by which it is attached to one or more vessels containing water. The contents of
the vessel or vessels containing the turpentine, or it plus the water, are maintained
at any temperature between 20 degrees centigrade and 100 degrees centigrade, but
we prefer 50° to 60° centigrade, and meanwhile a current of air is made to pass
through rapidly by any known means. The vessel or vessels containing the turpen-
tine, or it and water, we designate oxidizers," while the vessels containing
only water we call "condensers." These latter, by cooling the air which is saturated
with turpentine vapour coming from the "oxidizers," condenses the latter, which then
floats on the surface of the water, and may be drawn off by suitable arrangements,
and returned to the "oxidizers," or stored for use in a fresh operation, for which
purpose it is as available as the original oil of turpentine. Say we start with a
mixture in the proportion of 3 oil to I water, then the blowing is continued until
the oil residue left in the "oxidizers" has reached the specific gravity of 994, or
greater if desired. The antiseptic is now of a certain strength, which may be
ascertained by determining the per-centage of peroxide of hydrogen contained,
which body by its determination serves as a measure of the general strength of
other constituents. If it is desired to have it stronger the turpentine is returned
from the condensers" to the " oxidizers," or fresh turpentine inay be added, and
the blowing in any case continued until the oil is of the specific gravity desired;
and so also the solution, which has now the proper antiseptic and disinfecting
powers. This operation takes from 24 to 100 or more hours, according to the
amount of turpentine converted. The oil of turpentine yields from 30 to 40 or
more or less per cent. oily residue, according to the amount taken in proportion to
the water used, while the amount of antiseptic obtained varies according to the
strength desired and the will of the operator.
The heat necessary to apply to the oxidizer is best applied as steam to a sur-
rounding vessel containing water, or in a steam jacket, or by passing steam into the
mixture in the oxidizers or otherwise. We arrange the "oxidizers" and con-
densers in a series, like Wolffe's bottles, or adopt any means which admit of the
consummation of our object, which, to sum up, may be said to be the oxidation of
turpentine by air in the presence or absence of water, and the proper condensation
of the turpentine carried away with the current of air, and accordingly we claim
the same as being within the scope of our said Letters Patent as regards the pro-
duction of antiseptics and disinfectants.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed or put in practice, we hereby
declare that we claim the said Invention of improvements in the production of
antiseptics and disinfectants as herein-before set forth and described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Charles Thomas Kingzett and Maximilian
Zingler, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-first day of
July, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
CHARLES THOMAS KINGZETT. (L.S.)
MAXIMILIAN ZINGLER.
(L.S.)