matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEEL PARING MACHINES
Year: 1884

page_text: FREDERICK CUTLAN, "Engineer" Castle Hill, Wellingborough, Northamptonshire,
do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN HEEL
PARING MACHINES to be as follows:-
The Boot or Shoe when fixed in position for the purpose of being Pared has a
Block of iron of the same form or shape as the Top-Piece of the Boot or Shoe,
around which the Knife passes for the purpose of Paring the Heel and another
Knife passes close to the Block across the Boot or Shoe, which is called the Breast-
Knife for cutting out the Breast of the Hcel;-I attach to this Top-piece block a
Flange of Steel, The Flange is made to extend beyond the Breast of the Heel on
one side; The part which extends is hinged to the other part of. the Flange,
which, is fixed to the Top-piece-block;-There is a Spring fixed to this joint to
cause this part to open so as not to interfere with the Knife when cutting out the
Breast of the Heel;-Attached to the side of the Block which holds the Knife for
Paring around the Heel and some distanco in front of the cutting edge of the
Knife is fixed a Pin on which is a small Roller, this roller is intended to run on
the Flange when the Knife is drawn around the Heel, The Flange being so
shaped that when the Roller is bearing upon it the edge of the Knife is kept in its
proper cutting position at all points.

page_text: FREDERICK CUTLAN, Engineer, Castle Hill, Wellingborough, Northamptonshire,
do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN HEEL PARING
MACHINES, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The accompanying drawings are intended to represent a Heel fixed or held by
the machine with the knife holder and knife in position as when paring the heel
of the boot or shoe A is the Heel, B is the top-piece block which should be the
same shape as the top-piece of the Heel, C is a flange with an extension piece D
jointed to the extention piece is lifted by a spring E and is closed by the
pressure of the roller as it passes around, the flange, and the extension piece is so
shaped that when the roller is resting upon the flange, the cutting edge of the
knife is guided in its proper cutting position at all points, F is the knife holder to
which is attached the pin and roller G, H is the knife which shows the cutting
edge resting upon the top-piece block B, the knife block F is attached to that part
of the machine which revolves around the Heel, by the pin I, the cutting operation
is as follows, the knife is started at the side and drawn around the Heel once, and
the paring is then completed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSHES
Year: 1884

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
;
GEORGE RUSSON, Long Street, Walsall Working brush maker, and ALFRED
PEAKE Lysways Street, Walsall, in the County of Stafford, Saddlers Ironmonger,
do hereby declare the nature of our invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSHES to
be as follows:-
The patent to be applicable to all brushes, whether for use by hand or machinery.
The improvement for which the patent is claimed being the introduction of one
or more joints in the back of the brush, held together and operated upon by
metallic or India rubber springs; which, when in use give a flexibility to the
otherwise rigid wooden back, thereby increasing the penetrating and cleansing
power, without increase of labour, and readily adapting the surface of the brush to
even or uneven surfaces.

page_text: We GEORGE RUSSON 85 Long St Walsall Staffordshire Working Brush Maker
and ALFRED PEAKE Sadlers Ironmonger Lysway St Walsall Staffordshire do
hereby declare the nature of our invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSHES and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :—
In sketch one the wooden back A and the stock B is divided in the centre and
joined by the Springs C the Springs may be composed of Steel Brass Leather Wood
or India Rubber affixed by screws or threaded.
The Springs when affixed forms a elastic joint thereby enabling the opperator to
have a flat or a concave face at pleasure thereby increasing the penetrating power
of the brush the Springs may be affixed in the back A or stock B.
Further to secure the Patent Right in the concave face of the Brush The
Stock B only is divided and thinned or tapered towards the centre thereby giving
a concave form to the face of the Brush D. D as shown in sketch two.
In sketch three the stock only is divided the thin wooden back being whole or
undivided. e. e. is a metal buckle or slide to affix and adjust the web back or
handle F. F to any required length.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
.I claim is
The application of a Spring or Springs to backs and sides of Brushes sub-
stantialy as hereinbefore set forth and described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO TRAM CAR AND LIKE VEHICLES
Year: 1884

page_text: I GEORGE FREDERICK MILNES of N° 8 Euston Grove, Birkenhead, in the County
of Chester Tram Car Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO TRAM CAR AND LIKE VEHICLES
ns follows:-
" to be
The object of the invention is to provide improved means for facilitating the
passage of tram cars and like vehicles running on rails around curves, and-for
reducing the speed of, or arresting the motion of, vehicles of the class named.
The invention consists essentially under the first part in constructing or fitting
tram cars or like vehicles with independent self righting or self centering bogies of
novel construction so that the said vehicles shall be able to pass freely around
curves with minimum friction and there shall be no undue friction between the
wheels of the vehicles and the trams or rails when the said vehicles are travelling
on a straight line. The body of the vehicle and the bogic frames are made with
corresponding inclined circular bearing pieces or turntables, or the vehicle or bogie
may be provided with the bearing pieces or turntables and the bogie or vehicle
with roller or other antifriction runners. In either case the position of the jnclined
surfaces is such that when the bogies turn on their axis to take a curve the body
of the car is slightly raised.
Under the second part. I combine with a vehicle having two bogies constructed
and applied as setforth under the first part or fitted with equivalent parts a self
righting central supporting frame and wheels free to slide transversely on inclined
surfaces, or so connected to the body of the vehicle by links or equivalent devices
that any lateral motion of the wheel from out of central position will slightly raise
the vehicle.
Under the third part. I combine with tram cars or vehicles constructed under
the above first or first and second parts sledge brakes connected to the axlo frames
and arranged to be depressed against the trams or rails by levers screws or their
equivalents.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
First. Constructing or fitting tram cars or like vehicles with independent central
inclined plane self righting or self centering bogies substantially as set forth.
Second. The combination with tram cars or vehicles under the first part of self
righting central frame and wheels substantially as set forth,
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF OXIDE OF IRON FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PIGMENTS
Year: 1884

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
I, THOMAS TERRELL, of New Court, Temple, in the County of Middlesex,
Barrister at Law, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF OXIDE OF IRON FOR THE PRODUCTION OF
PIGMENTS," and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of oxide of iron to
be used as pigments by means of which oxide of iron pigments of various shades
can be obtained in a simple and economical manner.
For the purposes of this Invention I take red oxide of iron, prepared from
copperas or natural ores, and bring it to a bright red heat in a reverberatory or
muffle furnace. I then add to the same a quantity of ground sulphur and stir well.
The sulphur partially reduces the oxide of iron and produces deoper and more
purple colours. In this manner oxide of iron pigments of any required shade can
bo manufactured. The temperature is maintained after the addition of the sulphur
until sulphur fumes are no longer given off. The quantity of sulphur added, as
herein before described, is from 3 to 15 per cent. of the oxide of iron present, and
the larger the quantity of sulphur the deeper is the colour produced.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim, is :-
•
The mixing of sulphur with red oxide of iron at a red heat for the purpose of
changing the colour and thereby producing oxide of iron of a deepor colour.
Dated this Tenth day of June One thousand eight hundred and cighty-four,
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE STEERING GEAR OF SHIPS AND NAVIGABLE VESSELS
Year: 1884

page_text: I WILLIAM ADAIR of Neptune Street, Liverpool in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my said invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE STEERING GEAR OF SHIPS AND NAVIGABLE VESSELS to be as follows:-
The object is to provide simple cheap effective and durable gear through which
motion may be given to the rudder of the ship or vessel either by hand steam or
other power.
The invention consists essentially in combining with a rudder, & column or
frame a worm wheel or its equivalent a worm or worms weight carrying and
thrust bearings, elastic buffers and a steering wheel or wheels or operating gear.
The rudder is of any usual construction and is carried in bearings on pintles or
otherwise: the head projects above deck and ordinarily carries a stand-bye tiller.
The column or frame is made in two parts, is fitted on the deck and is bolted or
connected together around the rudder head and there is placed within it weight
carrying and thrust bearings. The weight carrying bearings wholly or largely
carry the rudder.
The said rudder head is fitted with a worm wheel quadrant or its equivalent
into which a worm attached to the steering wheel takes, or the steering wheel may
be on a separate spindle and coupled. India rubber or spring buffers to receive
sea shocks are fitted on the worm shaft between the worm and the bearings or at
other convenient point between the rudder head and the steering wheel or driving
gear.
Although my gear is described above as applied directly to a rudder head it will
be evident that the same construction of column and parts may connect on to an
independent rudder head, and tiller chains or other parts may be interposed to
transmit motion to the rudder, in which case the carrying bearings are applied to
the main rudder head.
2
"
1004

page_text: is coupled to the boss; when steering with the stand bye tiller by hand or power.
such as steam, whether the power is applied directly to the said tiller or from a
distance say from the bridge the wheel e and boss m are uncoupled..
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said.
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
In steering gear for ships and navigable vessels the combination of a rudder
head column or frame, worm wheel or its equivalent, a worm or worms, weight
carrying and thrust bearings, elastic buffers, and a steering wheel or operating gear,
substantially as set forth..
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RINGS FOR RING-SPINNING AND IN RENDERING THE SAME SELF-LUBRICATING
Year: 1884

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
I EDWARD WEILD, of 52 Crosscliffe Street, Moss Side, Manchester in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RINGS FOR RING-SPINNING AND
IN RENDERING THE SAME SELF-LUBRICATING" and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
I construct rings for ring spinning of a special mixing of metal consisting of
five and half parts more or less of scrap cast iron and one part more or less of
block tin whereby a metal is produced which is less liable to corrosion and which
will resist the acid contained in the lubricants employed inore effectually than
heretofore.
This special mixing of metal has the further advantage of enabling such rings
to be cast in chills as well as by plate-moulding or in sand.
And in order to render rings for ring spinning self-lubricating I form a recess or
groove either of an annular vandyked, waving or other form inside the ring and
in which I insert a solid lubricant capable of melting when the ring gets slightly
heated by friction say a mixture of five parts tallow five parts soap and ninety
parts mineral oil more or less or other similar lubricating compound capable of
melting at a low temperature and thus such ring becomes self lubricated by the
simple melting and trickling down of the solid lubricant.
This form of ring can be made of the above mentioned or of the ordinary
metal.
In the accompanying Drawing Fig. 1 represents a sectional view of a ring with
a single annular recess or groove or formed therein in accordance with my
Invention.
Fig. 2 represents the same ring with a vandyked recess band,
Fig. 3 the same ring again with a waved or curvilinear recess c.
Instead of single recesses it will be apparent that two or more may be employed
and that other forms of recess or groove may be used to receive the lubricant
without departing from the essential feature of this part of my Invention.
Prina A7 |

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
vention, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
claim is:-
(1) Constructing rings for ring spinning of the special description of metal
substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described.
(2) Constructing rings for ring spinning with recesses or grooves or their
equivalents for containing solid lubricant whereby such rings are rendered
self-lubricating substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described
and illustrated on the Drawing annexed.
(3) The employment of rings for ring spinning with recesses, grooves or their
equivalents containing solid lubricant material and whereby such rings are
rendered self-lubricating substantially as herein before described.
Dated this on day of May 100T.
JOHN G. WILSON,
Patent Office,
71, Market Street,
Manchester.
Agent for Applicant.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER CLOSETS
Year: 1884

page_text: I WILLIAM HENRY HINDLE of 86 London Road Blackburn in the county of
Lancaster Joiner do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN WATER CLOSETS," to be as follows:-
I employ a bucket suspended centrally in brackets, one end of bucket has a
catch, which engages in a notch in a sliding lever crosswise the end of the bucket,
on sitting on the seat (one portion of which is hinged and elevated) it
opens the
tap from the main, which fills the trough, on the trough filling it sways one side of
the bucket downwards, and moves or slides the notched lever forwards, releasing a
heavy ended lever, from contact with a projection on the weight bracket of the
seat, and so stopping the water supply, on rising from the seat, the weight moves
back, and the bucket tilts over, and selfactingly returns to its position; the whole
of the mechanism is out of sight, and is enclosed in a hopper of earthenware, or
other material. Or when using the water from the slopstone, or other waste water,
the trough is formed and pivotted, so that on its being filled with water, it tilts
completely over, and resumes its former position; a catch preventing its going too
far round, a weighted pivotted lever, is placed above the pivot, and connected with
a projection passing up above the level of the seat, upon sitting on the seat, this is
depressed, and the lever comes in contact with the trough end, preventing it from
over turning, whilst the closet is being used, but upon rising (if the trough is full)
it turns completely over, if not full, it remains until filled.
1
JOHN E. WALSH,
Waterhouse Chambers,
Crossley Street, Halifax,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: trough after emptying is so shaped and balanced as to turn completely round, and
is kept in position by the stop catch K, should the trough stop on the dead centre
or other improper position it is turned to its proper position, either by the
swivelled catch C acting upon the teeth or projections D or D¹, or by the action of
the water on the lip of the swivelled trough; the trough and apparatus are
entirely hid from view; by the above arrangement the enormous waste of fresh
water is avoided and so no water rate can be charged upon same.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
(1) The balanced revolving bucket or trough A, arranged and applied as shewn
and described.
(2) The combination of the pivotted lever E, weighted swing catch C, operated
by the push or button H, acting upon the trough A, as shewn and described.
(3) The stop catch K operating on the projections J of the trough.
JOHN E. WALSH,
Crossley Street, Halifax,
Agent for the Applicant.
AN IMPROVED DEVICE FOR REGULATING THE TENSION OF BLIND CORDS
Year: 1884

page_text: I, WILLIAM DOBSON, of 20, Derby Square, Douglas, Isle of Man Engineer do
hereby declare the nature of said Invention for AN IMPROVED DEVICE FOR
REGULATING THE TENSION OF BLIND CORDS and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
My invention consists in an improved means or device for regulating the tension
of the cords employed for raising and lowering roller blinds or other similar
articles.
In some roller blinds as at present fitted the endless cord, by which the blind is
raised or lowered, passes from a pulley on the blind roller to a small pulley or
roller fixed on a sliding piece with a spring catch and fitted in a rack or bracket,
secured to the window frame Whenever the cord stretches or becomes too slack
the sliding piece has to be moved in order to tighten the cord: this method is
most unsatisfactory as the apparatus is liable to get out of order, and is extremely
awkward to adjust.
The object of my invention is to dispense with this rack or bracket, and to
maintain automatically a constant uniform tension on the cord, thus rendering
adjustinent unnecessary.
To accomplish this I substitute for the rack or bracket a piece of metal in which
is a slot, through which pass nails or screws by which it is retained in position
although free to slide vertically: a groove is or may be formed around the slotted
piece, and to diminish friction I may employ a small pulley or roller for the blind
cord to pass round.
The cord passes around the pulley on the blind roller to the groove (or groove
and roller as the case may be) on the slotted piece, the weight of which is sufficient
to give and maintain the required tension on the cord.
And in order that the invention may be fully understood and readily carried into
effect I will describe the accompanying sheet of drawings reference being had to
the figures and letters marked thereon.
Figure 1. is a front view and Fig. 2 a side view of my improved device applied
to a blind cord.
a is the weight or metal piece in which is the slot al, through which pass the
nails b which connect the piece a to the frame c but leave the former free to slide
vertically: the endless cord d rests in the groove u² extending around the piece a
and passes over the usual grooved pulley e secured to the roller e¹ of the blind or
other article.

page_text: The cord d thus supports the piece a the weight of which maintains a constant
uniform tension on the cord.
Figs. 3 and 4 show a small pulley f, free to revolve on a pin f¹, secured in a
groove or recess on the piece a: the cord d passes round the pulley f and thus
friction is diminished.
.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
I declare that what I claim is
Maintaining automatically a constant uniform tension on the endless cords of
roller blinds and the means or device for effecting the same substantially as and
for the purposes herein shewn and described.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1884

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
I, THOMAS RIGG of 36 Parsonage Road West Bowling, Bradford in the County
of York Designer, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN WOVEN FABRICS to be as follows :—
The object of this Invention is to produce a woven fabric by an ordinary box
loom the figure of which when finished forms a raised portion like a plush on the
surface of the woven fabric.
In my Invention the weft is floated on the side of the piece on which it is
intended to produce the pattern. The weft is floated from one design to the other,
the portion of weft to form the design is stitched or tacked in the weaving, and
when the floated weft is cut away the spot or figured design which is stitched or
tacked in the weaving remains as a raised design with plush like surface.
Hitherto in weaving fancies the weft has been floated on the reverse side of the
pattern and when the weft has been cut away the pattern has been flat only on
the surface of the piece.
In order that my Invention may be more fully understood and carried into
effect, I will now describe the accompanying diagrams. Figure
shows my
method of weaving a design of the character named above exactly as the design
card is made for an ordinary jacquard loom and is sufficiently explanatory as to
how the warp and weft threads may be stitched or tacked in the weaving.
Figures 2, 3, and 4 are also design cards for weaving other designs and are given
only as illustrations and may be varied to a great extent within the lines of my
improved method of producing on woven fabrics a raised or plush pattern
substantially in the manner described.
Having now described the nature of my Invention I wish it to be understood
that what I claim is:-
The tieing up or stitching of the weft and floating the same on the sido of the
piece on which it is intended to produce the raised pattern or design substantially
as and in the manner described.
Dated this 27th day of August 1884.
WAUGH & CHAPMAN,
Agents for the Applicant.
A POSITIVE LET-OFF MOTION FOR LOOMS
Year: 1884

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
I, ELAH BEACH of Providence Rhode Island, United States of America but now
residing at Victoria Road Gomersal near Leeds in the County of York, Gentleman
do hereby declare the nature of my invention for A POSITIVE LET-OFF MOTION
FOR LOOMS to be as follows:-
I attach to each Loom a pair of cones, the driving cone being concave and the
driven cone being convex. The concave cone is driven from the bottom shaft of
the loom (or from any other shaft more convenient for its application) and drives
the convex cone by means of a strap, this strap is governed by a Pad resting on the
yarn or warp on the Beam, and connected with it by a lever. The driven or convex
cone is then connected with the head of the beam by means of shaft and gearing.
and when the loom is set in motion, will let off the Yarn or Warp from the beam
when full until empty at the same rate exactly, giving out a steady and regular
supply.
"
For double beamed looms, another pair of cones, worked on the same principle is
necessary.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
I, ELAH BEACH of Providence, Rhode Island United States of America, but now
residing at Victoria Road, Gomersal near Leeds in the County of York, Gentleman
do hereby declare the nature of my invention for A POSITIVE LET-OFF MOTION
FOR LOOMS and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of my invention is to secure, in weaving a fabric of any description
or material, a regular, steady and even supply of warp, from one or more warp
beams, so that whether the beam be full or part full, the same length of warp will
be let off, thus securing a piece of clotb, regular in pick and even from end to end.
I attach to each loom a pair of cones, the driving cone being concave and the

page_text: driven conc being convex. The concave cone is worked from the bottom shaft of
the loom (or from any other shaft more convenient for its application) and drives the
convex cone by means of a strap. This strap is governed by a Pad resting on the
Yarn or Warp on the Warp Beam, and connected with it by Racks and Pinions,
the Pad being held to the warp by means of a weight attached to one of the racks,
so that as the pad rises by reason of the diminishing bulk of warp on the warp
beam the rack falls and by means of a strap guide attached to it, alters the
position of the strap on the cones The driven or convex cone is then connected
with the head of the beam, by means of shaft, worm and gearing, and when the
loom is set in motion will let off the Yarn or Warp from the beam, all the way
down from full to empty at the same rate exactly giving out a steady and regular
supply. In the case of double beamed looms, another pair of cones worked on the
same principle is necessary.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PURIFYING METALLIC COPPER IN THE PRESENCE OF ARSENIC OR ANTIMONY OR BOTH
Year: 1884

page_text: FREDERICK WILLIAMS PITTUCK, Chemist 25 Carr Street, Hebburn, in the
County of Durham, and JAMES MARWOOD HUCKLEBRIDGE, Chemist Ellison Street,
Jarrow, in the County of Durham, we do hereby declare the nature of our.
Invention for AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PURIFYING METALLIC COPPER IN THE
PRESENCE OF ARSENIC OR ANTIMONY OR BOTH to be as follows:-
By means of suitable apparatus we pass or blow superheated steam into the
furnace or crucible containing the copper in a molten condition.
1st. The steam is decomposed & the nascent bydrgen or oxygen or both act
upon the arsenic present in the copper & convert it into a more volatile compound
or condition of arsenic which becomes volatilised up the furnace flue or chimney.
2ndly. It (the superheated steam) removes antimony in the same way.
3rdly. By the steam passing or blowing into the molten copper-it acts as a
mechanical stirer-thus exposing all parts of the copper containing the impurities
to the oxidising influence of the atmospheric air which passes through the furnace
& the volatile metals thus being brought more & more to the surface pass out
through the chimney.

page_text: We FREDERICK Williams Pittuck Chemist―25 Carr Street Hebburn in the
County of Durham, and JAMES MARWOOD HUCKLEBRIDGE, Chemist Ellison Street
Jarrow in the County of Durliam do hereby declare the nature of our
Invention for. AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PURIFYING METALLIC COPPER IN THE
PRESENCE OF ARSENIC OR ANTIMONY OR BOTH and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
By means of a suitable apparatus we blow superheated steam into the copper
when it is in a molten condition. The steam is generated in the ordinary manner
& passed previously to entering the furnace through a steam box in close contact
with the furnace-in order to collect any condensed steam & prevent particles of
water passing into the copper-when the steam passes into the melted copper it
(the steam) is decomposed-& the nascent hydrogen or oxygen or both act upon the
arsenic or antimony present in the copper & converts them into a more volatile
condition & they are volatilized up the furnace flue or chimney, 2ndly.-Steam.
passing into molten copper acts as a mechanical stirrer-thus exposing all parts of
the copper containing the impurities--to the oxidising influence of the atmospheric
air which passes through the furnace & the volatile metals being thus brought
more & more to the surface pass out through the chimney.
.
Having now particularly described & ascertained the nature of our Invention
& in what manner the same is performed, we ‍declare that what we claim is
"The purification of copper by means of passing steam into the metal in a
molten condition."
t
AN ELECTRIC SWITCH
Year: 1884

page_text: I, ACHILLES KHOLINSKY of N° 67 Maastrade, Rotterdam, Holland, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of my invention for "AN ELECTRIC SWITCH," and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to a simple and cheap construction of electrical switch, so
arranged that, when it is used, there is a rubbing action of the contact surfaces on
one another keeping them in good condition for conduction.
Fig. 1 is a plan of a switch according to my invention for connecting or
disconnecting the two conductors L L¹. On a non-conducting base A. I fix one
metal piece having projecting from it a slightly coned stud B, and another tubular
metal piece C within which can slide a split tube D that can be turned by a
handle E. The two metal pieces may be connected by a lead or other fusible
wire F constituting a safety fuse. From the tube D projects a stud d into a helical
slit formed in the tube C. On turning the tube D by means of the handle E, the
stud d, acting in the helical slit, causes D to advance till its split end engages on
the stud B making spring contact therewith. Sometimes it is of advantage to
break contact instantaneously, and in such cases I modify the switch as shewn in
longitudinal section at Fig. 2 and in transverse section at Fig. 3. In this case on
the non-conducting base A is fixed a piece B having a split tubular mouth which
is entered by a bolt D that can be slid forward within the tubular guide C by a
knob E. A spring G urges the bolt D back to the right, but it is held in its
position making spring contact with B by means of a spring trigger H which
engages behind the shoulder of the bolt D. When it is desired to break contact,
the trigger H is pressed down and the bolt D, is immediately caused by the spring
to shoot back out of the tube B.
It is obvious that a single sliding bolt such as D in Fig. 2 might be made to
slide through a succession of split tubular pieces such as B to make spring contact
with them in succession, as for instance to bring into circuit a succession of cells or
other electrical objects, and by making the bolt D somewhat longer than the
interval from tube to tube, it would make contact with each before leaving contact
with the preceding tube.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
The construction of electric Switch wherein contact is made by the sliding
together of a split tube and a cylindrical bolt so that the tube embraces the bolt
with elastic pressure.
108
.
•
1
1004
AN IMPROVED CONVERTIBLE GARMENT FOR USE AS A PETTICOAT OR DRAWERS
Year: 1884

page_text: I, ELLEN MARIA PAICE of N° 63 Middle Street Brighton in the County of Sussex,
Spinster, Drapers Assistant do bereby declare the nature of my invention for
AN IMPROVED CONVERTIBLE GARMENT FOR USE AS A PETTICOAT OR DRAWERS to
be as follows :---
This invention consists of a garment which I call Petticoat-drawers.-The
Petticoat-drawers are made like any petticoat but with an opening or slit at back
and front such opening or slit extending from the bottom of the garment upwards
to the band or belt of the garment or any less distance sufficient to allow the right-
hand side and left-hand side portions respectively of the garment thus divided to
fold round the respective right and left legs of the wearer.
The Petticoat-drawers can be used either as a Petticoat or as Drawers-When
the garment is used as a petticoat the divided portions can be buttoned tied or
fixed by any convenient method of fastening at back and front and when it is used
as drawers the divided portions can when folded round the legs of the wearer be
fastened or fixed in position by buttons strings or other convenient method of
fastening in any convenient position.
The Petticoat-drawers can be made of any textile fabric and of any suitable size
pattern or shape.
Dated thin 1nt L 1004

page_text: I ELLEN MARIA PAICE of No 63 Middle Street Brighton in the County of
Sussex, Spinster, Drapers Assistant do hereby declare the nature of my invention
for AN IMPROVED. CONVERTIBLE GARMENT FOR USE AS A PETTICOAT OR DRAWERS
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention consists of a garment which I call petticoat-drawers.--The
petticoat-drawers are made like any petticoat but with an opening or slit at back
and front such opening or slit extending from the bottom of the garment upwards
to the band or belt of the garment or any less distance sufficient to allow the right-
hand side and left-hand side portions respectively of the garment thus divided to
fold round the respective right and left legs of the wearer.
The petticoat-drawers can be used either as a petticoat or as drawers-When
the garment is used as a petticoat the divided portions can be buttoned tied or
fixed by any convenient method of fastening at back and front and when it is used
as drawers the divided portions can when folded round the legs of the wearer be
fastened or fixed in position by buttons strings or other convenient method of
fastening in any convenient position.
The petticoat-drawers can be made of any textile fabric and of any suitable sizo
pattern or shape.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. A new and improved garment convertible for use as a petticoat or drawers
as herein before described.
2. I claim the slits or openings at the back and front of a petticoat as herein
described enabling it to be used either as a petticoat or as a pair of drawers
as herein described.
Dated this 2nd day of February 1885.
IMPROVEMENT IN SHIPS RUDDER FITTINGS
Year: 1884

page_text: I, SAMUEL JOHN BROWNING Optician & Nautical Instrument Maker 74 High
Street Portsmouth Hants do hereby declare the nature of my. Invention for
AN IMPROVEMENT IN SHIPS RUDDER FITTINGS to be as follows:-
1st Instead of the usual plain flange for the rudder-band to work in, I employ
a conical flange. A A (Drawings.)
2nd I interpose between it and the rudder-band a ring of gun-metal, brass, steel,
iron, or any other metal or material, straight inside & conical outside, which may
be tightened at will, to compensate for wear & tear, & to prevent the noise,
vibration, & tremor hitherto felt. C. C. in Drawings.
3rd I line the inner ring with a packing or band of leather, asbestos, greased
packing, wood, soft metal, or any other material, to still further deaden the
noise &c. caused by the screw propeller, tide, currents &c.
D D in Drawings.

page_text: I, SAMUEL JOHN BROWNING Optician & Nautical Instrument Maker 74 High
Street Portsmouth Hants do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for
AN IMPROVEMENT IN SHIP'S RUDDER FITTINGS, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :—
1 Instead of the usual plain flange for the rudder-band to work in, I employ a
conical flange.
2nd I interpose, between it & the rudder-band, a ring of gun metal, brass, steel,
iron, or any other metal or material, straight inside & conical outside, which may
be tightened at will, to compensate for wear & tear; & to prevent the noise,
vibration, & tremor hitherto felt.
3rd I line the inner ring with a packing or band, of leather, asbestos, greased
packing, wood, soft metal or any other material, to still further deaden the noise &c.
caused by the screw-propeller, tide, current &c.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1 A conical flange for the rudder-band to work in-A A in the Drawings
attached to my Provisional Specification.
2nd An adjustable ring (C. C.) between it and the rudder-band.
3rd Lining the said inner ring with a material for deadening the noise usually
felt. D. D. in Drawing.
ATA
.....
Year: 1884

page_text: For the Soles.
A stamped, cast or otherwise made, metal case or cap (with or without spikes)
fitting the entire soles of boots or shoes, and having a low rim extending round
both sides and the toe of boots and shoes, and reaching the "uppers" of the same to
protect them from fire or water.
Dated this 17th day of September 1884.
Witness,
E. TAYLOR.
SILVESTER FOX,
bis x mark.
GEORGE FOX.

page_text: We SILVESTER FOX & GEORGE Fox of N° 99 Lower Tower St Birmingham
Shoemakers do hereby declare the nature of our invention for IMPROVED METAL
PROTECTORS OF SOLES AND HEELS OF BOOTS AND SHOES and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :--
We make a metal case. or shell, with or without spikes, to cover the whole of the
Bole of the boot or shoe. This case or shell is turned up on each side and at the
toe to the "uppers" of the boots or shoes, and is attached to the sole by means of
nails or screws, or rivets.
The protector of the heel is a metal cap case or shell, with a similar edge to the
one for the soles, covering the flat part, as well as the back and sides of the heel, to
which it is attached by means of nails screws or rivets.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
The metal case cap or shell covering the sole and heel of boots and shoes and
thereby protecting the lower parts of them from injury by fire or water, as is
substantially shewn in the accompanying drawings and herein described.
Da
Witness,
E. TAYLOR
Buy way february 1000,
SILVESTER FOX,
his x.mark,
GEORGE FOX,
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ASBESTOS MILL-BOARD APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER DESCRIPTIONS OF MILL BOARD
Year: 1884

page_text: RICHARD LEOPOLD KIRLEW of 34 Faulkner Street Manchester in the County
of Lancaster, Manager do hereby declare the nature of my said invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ASBESTOS MILL-BOARD APPLICABLE
ALSO TO OTHER DESCRIPTIONS OF MILL BOARD to be as follows —
The object of this invention is to render asbestos and other descriptions of Mill-
board impervious to the action of acid and otherwise more valuable as a commercial
article and for this purpose I impregnate the Millboard when in a state of pulp
with common salt, alum or other chemical substance or combination of substances
of like nature, having the property of rendering the pulp impervious to the action
of acid. In carrying out my invention I add the salt to the pulp by preference in
the form of powder and which is sprinkled amongst the pulp say in the proportion
of 1 lb salt to 8 lbs to 10 lbs of pulp, more or less according to the strength and
nature of the salt employed, and I then proceed to roll the pulp and finish the
Mill-board in the usual manner.
In this way I also add weight to the mill-board without additional expense and
thus not only cheapen the cost of the Mill-board but render it more durable more
capable of resisting heat, and more valuable on account of its acid resisting
property.
1
.

page_text: RICHARD LEOPOLD KIRLEW of 34 Faulkner Street Manchester in the County of
Lancaster, Manager do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MILL BOARDS "and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:—
The object of this invention is to render abestos millboard impervious to the
action of acid and otherwise more valuable as a commercial article. For this
purpose I impregnate the millboard when in a state of pulp with common salt, or
other chemical substance or combination of substances of like nature having the
property of rendering the pulp impervious to the action of acid. In carrying out
my invention I add the salt to the pulp by preference in the form of powder, and
which is sprinkled amongst the pulp say in the proportion of 1 lb salt to from
8 to 10 lbs pulp more or less, according to the strength and nature of the salt
employed. If too much salt is used, the mill board is rendered too hard.
I then proceed to roll the pulp and finish the mill board in the ordinary way.
In this manner I also add weight to the mill board without additional expense and
thus not only cheapen the cost of the board but render it more durable, more
capable of resisting beat and more valuable on account of its acid resisting property.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is; The use of Common Salt or Substances of like nature to render Asbestos
or other millboard impervious to the action of acids or of heat substantially in the
manner and for the purpose herein before described.
Dated this 6th day of October 1884.
A NEW AND IMPROVED PICKER-ARM FOR LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1884

page_text: I DANIEL FRANCIS HARROP of Scofields Buildings Victoria Road Lockwood near
Huddersfield in the County of York Engine Tenter do hereby declare the nature of
my Invention for A NEW AND IMPROVED PICKER-ARM FOR LOOMS FOR WEAVING
to be as follows:-
This invention relates to that part of a Ioom known as a Picker arm, and
consists in the use of one or more pieces of cane as the only material of which the
said picker arm is constructed.
The piece or pieces of cane which form the arm are enlarged at their extremities
by the insertion of wedges. or by other suitable means-These enlarged ends are
gripped and held in their position by suitable end pieces of metal, hide, or other
suitable material, and by means of which they are attached to the picker at one
end and to the picking stick at the other.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
I, DANIEL FRANCIS HARROP Schofield's Buildings, Victoria Road Lockwood, near
Huddersfield Yorkshire, Engine Tenter do hereby declare the nature of my
invention for "A NEW AND IMPROVED PICKER ARM FOR LOOMS FOR WEAVING,"
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:―
This invention relates to that part of a loom known as a picking arm; and my
improvements consist in making the said picking arm of one or more pieces of cane.
The piece or pieces of cane which form the arm are enlarged at their extremities
by the insertion of wedges, or by other suitable means, and these enlarged ends are
placed into metal caps, and gripped and held in position thereby.
Such being the nature and object of my Invention I will now proceed to describe
same more fully.
On the accompanying drawings, Fig. 1 is an elevation, and Fig 2 section of my
improved picking arm which consists of two lengths of cane A and B the ends of
which are secured to caps C.
These caps are composed of metal, buffalo hide, or other suitable material, and
are made in two parts formed with dovetail grooves as shewn in Fig 3, into which
the enlarged end of the cane is placed, so as to prevent the caps from slipping off,
as the shuttle is being sent across the loom.
The enlarged ends of the cane are formed by splitting them, and in inserting a
wedge as shewn in black line Fig 4.
After the ends of the canes are placed within the bottom cap, the upper cap is
placed thereon, and the two are made secure by the bolt and nut D.
Although I have shewn and described two lengths of cane as composing my
picking arm, it must be understood that one or more lengths may be employed.
The adoption of cane for picking arms is found to be very suitable and durable
and is much cheaper than leather.
In some cases I may use a tie rod E, for giving increased stability to the arm.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
The use and employment of a picking arm composed of one or more lengths of
cane, in manner substantially as herein shewn and described.
AN IMPROVED CARTRIDGE FOR USE IN CONJUNCTION WITH RESETTING MECHANISM OF BREECH LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1884

page_text: We JOSEPH NEEDHAM, Gunmaker of No. 6 Hammersmith Terrace Hammersmith,
and THOMAS HENRY SEYMOUR HAWKER of the Hammond Electric Light Company,
Appold St. Finsbury, London, both in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare
the nature of our said invention for AN IMPROVED CARTRIDGE FOR USE IN
CONJUNCTION WITH RESETTING MECHANISM OF BREECH LOADING FIRE-ARMS to be
as follows:
The cartridge base is made concave, when ignited the concave is driven back
and flattened on to the face of the action, which forces back the striker or part of
action, thereby resetting or actuating the latter, or, instead of the concave the cap
or centre of the cartridge may be driven back.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
We, JOSEPH NEEDHAM, Gunmaker, of N° 6 Hammersmith Terrace, Hammer-
smith, and THOMAS HENRY SEYMOUR HAWKER, Engineer of the Hammond Electric
Light Company, Appold Street, Finsbury, both in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of our invention for "AN IMPROVED CARTRIDge for use
IN CONJUNCTION WITH RESETTING MECHANISM OF BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
"
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The cartridge base is made concave; when ignited the concave is driven back
and flattened on to the face of the action, which forces back the striker or part of
action, thereby resetting or actuating the latter; or instead of the concave the cap
or centre of the cartridge may be driven back.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawing shows a longitudinal section of our
improved cartridge, by which it will be seen that the base B of the shell A is
concave or curved inwards, so that when the cartridge is exploded in the ordinary
manner by the firing pin or hammer striking the cap C in the centre of the base,
the force of the explosion will drive such base outwards, thereby forcing back the
striking pin or hammer, the movement so obtained being utilized through any
suitable mechanism, for the purpose of resetting the fire-arm, and in the case of
magazine fire-arms for reloading the same.
Fig. 2 shows another form of our improved cartridge in which instead of making
the base B concave, it is recessed in the centre, so that when exploded the cap will
be forced outwards and act upon the striking pin or hammer as above described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is
An improved cartridge in which the base is made concave or curved inwards, or
recessed in the centre, so that when exploded such base or the cap in its centre
will be driven outwards, substantially for the purpose specified.
A NEW OR IMPROVED BEVERAGE
Year: 1884

page_text: I, MATTHEW BELL of 92 Herrington St Sunderland in the County of Durham
Aerated Water Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for
A NEW OR IMPROVED BEVERAGE, to be as follows:-
A mixture of Soluble essences's, Citric Acid, Sugar Syrup Coloring and Aerated
Water and is made by boiling Sugar and Water for Syrup, then is added Citric
Acid Afterwards a mixture of Soluble essences's (viz, Lemon, Ginger, and Pear)
then the Coloring, the whole is thoroughly mixed and a sufficient quantity is placed
in each bottle and then the Aerated Water is bottled on it.