IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOWS
Year: 1885

page_text: I, HERBERT JOHN HADDAN of 67; Strand, in the city of Westminster, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of said invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
WINDOWS, a communication to me from abroad by George H. King and Martin
S. Millard, Manufacturers, of Salisbury, State of Missouri, United States of
America, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
This invention relates to windows and it consists in certain improvements in
the construction of the same, which will be hereinafter fully described, and
particularly pointed out in the claims.
In the accompanying drawings hereto annexed:-Fig. 1 is a view in perspective
showing the sashes tilted. Fig. 2 is a view in vertical section of a window sash
embodying the invention, one side of the frame being shown in elevation. Fig. 3
is a vertical transverse sectional view through the side rail of one of the sashes.
Fig 4, is a horizontal sectional view. Fig. 5, is a side view of one of the sashes,
detached from the frame. Fig. 6, is a detail view, in perspective, of the pivot
plates. Fig 7 is a detail view of the thimble or cord-guide. Fig 8, is a side view
of the sash-weight. Fig. 9 is a vertical sectional view of the same. Fig. 10, is a
perspective view illustrating the invention as applied to a single sash-window.
Fig. 11, is a detail view illustrating the adjusting device used in connection with
the single sash window, and Fig. 12 represents, in detail, the hinged catch of said
adjusting device. Figs. 13 to 21 inclusive represent a modification, and Figs 22
and 23 represent modified constructions of parts.
In the drawings hereto annexed A represents the window-frame, B. the upper,
and C the lower sash. The sashes, which are of the usual well known con-
struction, are provided, on each side with a recess, D, in which is seated a pivoting
device, E, consisting of two plates, F, G, connected by a pivot, H, upon which the
outer plate G may turn freely, the inner plate F. being firmly secured, by screws, or
otherwise to the side-rail of the sash.
The outer pivot plate G is provided at its ends with T-shaped slots I, under
which recesses J are formed. K is a cylindrical thimble or cord-guide, having at

page_text: its upper end a bracket L provided with a lug or thimble M, the thimble K is
placed on the outside of plate G and the bracket L enters the slot I at the upper
end of said plate, the lug M fitting in the recess J underneath, thus holding the
guide K in position; said guide or thimble is also provided at its lower end with a
hook N entering the slot I at the lower end of plate G, where it is held by the knot
of the sash cord, as will be presently described, thus causing the said guide thimble
to be held more securely.
The sash cord, which is denoted by letter O, passes through the thimble K below
which it has a knot P, which is adjusted in the lower T-slot I and recess J of
plate G, upward over a pulley Q at the top of the window-frame, thence under a
pulley, R, at the top of the sash-weight S, thence over another pulley Q at the top
of the window-frame, and to the pivot plate G of the other sash, to which it is in
like manner secured. It will thus be seen that a single weight on each suffices for
both sashes of a double sash window. The sides or jambs of the window frame are
provided with vertical grooves, T, to receive and accommodate the sash cords and
guide thimbles.
The beads are located as follows: an outside bead U, equal in length to the
upper or outer sash, is placed adjoining said sash at the top of the jamb. A central
or parting bead V is placed at the top of the jamb extending to the middle of the
upper sash, and another central or parting bead W extends from a short distance
above the top of the lower or inner sash to near the lower end of the pivot plate of
said sash; inside beads X are provided near the top and bottom of the jamb. The
jamb is provided near its lower end, with concave recesses Y registering with the
upper and lower sashes.
The sashes are cut away on the sides to accommodate the pivoting devices, E,
and the said cut away portions are slightly longer than the distance between the
inner beads X and the outer bead V so that when the sashes are tilted to a hori-
zontal position, the beads will come within the cut away portions of the sashes and
not interfere in the least with the free movement thereof.
By this arrangement of beads it will be noticed that when the sashes are in their
vertical positions the pivoting devices of the lower sash C rest between the upper
edge of the inner bead X and the lower edge of the lower parting bead W. Now
by tilting this sash in the directions of the arrows it can be turned to a horizontal
position, the cut away portions thereof permitting it to pass the beads.
To tilt the upper sash, it is lowered until the pivoting devices thereof rest
between the upper edge of the lower parting bead W, and the lower edge of the
outside parting, bead U.
When it is thus adjusted the upper edge of the sash is below the bead V
and it can be turned and slid up or down while in a horizontal position without
striking the beads. Either sash can be tilted without disturbing the other.
Each sash is provided with a spring bolt Z serving to retain it in position by
engaging recesses A' in the casing or frame, and serving also as a friction stop
to retain the sash in position when partly tilted. This spring bolt when with-
drawn, may be held out of operation by a catch, B', pivoted to the side rail of
the sash,
To remove either sash from the window frame proceed as follows:
The sash is first tilted to a horizontal position and is then slid until the plates G
reach the recesses Y. The said sash may then be slightly tilted laterally; the weight
cords detached, and the cord guides or thimbles slid away from the pivot-plates.
The sash may then be readily removed, and screens constructed in a similar manner
be substituted.
When the improvement is applied to windows that have no sash balances, the
plates G may be screwed, or otherwise secured to the window jambs, thus permitting
the sashes to be tilted as described.
The improvement- may also, as shewn in the drawings, be applied to windows
having but a single sash; in such case, the construction and arrangement of parts
is as above described, with the exception that the sash cords are attached directly

page_text: to the sash weight and the beads are arranged as follows, the outside one C¹
extending from the top of the jamb to the lower end of the pivot plate G, and
the inside one D', extending from the upper end of plate G to the bottom of the
jamb. When the sash is not balanced as in the annexed drawings Figs. 10 and 11,
the plate G is to be secured to the jamb by screws or otherwise; when it is
balanced, it may, when tilted, be raised or lowered to any desired position.
To retain the single sash in position when simply tilted, so as to prevent its
being blown open or shut by the wind, an adjusting device is used, the construction
of which is as follows: El is an arm hinged to the lower end of the sash, so as to
be capable of being folded up against one of the side rails of the same, where it
may be secured by means of a stud F¹ engaging a notch G' in the said arm.
The latter is provided with a series of openings or perforations H'.-I' is a
catch hinged to the window sill, and consists of a plate J1 having a vertical
flange K, provided with a laterally projecting bracket L¹ having a downward
projecting stud M'. By passing the arm E¹ under the bracket L¹ the stud M¹ may
be made to engage any one of the perforations H thus holding the window open at
any desired angle or inclination. The lower end of the sash is also provided with a
bracket N¹ having a slot O¹. When the window is closed, the stud M¹ may be
adjusted in said slot O¹ thereby locking the sash in its closed position.
The sash weight S used in combination with the improved window is as follows i
The body P¹ is made oval in cross section and provided on each side with a
central groove Q₁ This is for the purpose of causing the weight to fit in the
weight pockets of ordinary window casings, and of making it sufficiently heavy
without increasing its length. The upper end of the body P¹ has at one side, a
flange R. S¹ is another loose flange or plate having a shoulder T¹ and a spacing
stud or lug U. The plate S' is secured to flange R¹ by a bolt or rivet V', the two
being spaced by the shoulder T¹ and stud U¹ so as to afford room for the pulley R,
which is journalled upon the said bolt or rivet V¹.
By this construction, the sash weight may be manufactured more conveniently
and at less cost than in a single piece; it also enables the sash cord to be more
conveniently adjusted.
From the foregoing description taken in connection with the drawings hereto
annexed, the operation and advantages of the invention will be readily understood.
It is simple, convenient and inexpensive. The sash or sashes may be easily
adjusted in any desired position for ventilating or other purposes; and when
desired they may in a moments time be removed, and screws substituted. It will
also be observed that the improvements may be easily and at a slight cost applied
to window sashes and frames or casings of the ordinary construction, now in
general use.
The modification represented in Figs. 13-21, inclusive is constructed as follows:
A² represents the body of the guide plate, which is preferably constructed of
metal, and is about the width of the sash on which it is to be used, and about the
thickness of the beads or stops which are ordinarily employed to form guides for
the window sash. The guide A³ is provided on its back face with a centrally
located grooved tongue or tongues a extending longitudinally therewith, and
adapted to fit and have a free sliding motion in a groove b formed in the window
jamb B².
The face of the guide plate A is hollowed out to save material and weight and
at the same time to provide a recess for the sash cord, with the exception of a
raised hollow portion a' which is left at a point a short distance from the centre
toward one end of the guide, to form a strong and extended bearing for the pivot.
The groove in the tongue a is adapted to receive the sash cord C, which is secured
to the plate A2 by means of the three holes x, y and z, which are formed in the
bottom of the plate, as follows: One end of the cord is passed from the groove in
the tongue through the hole x in the recess in the face of the plate. The cord
leads from thence along the groove in the recess in the tongue a, to the hole y,
through which it passes into the recess in the face of A³, from thence it passes

page_text: along the bottom of said recess by the side of the raised portion a¹ to the hole 2,
through which it passes into the groove in the tongue, and from thence leads along
the groove in the tongue and groove b in the window jamb B², to a pulley b¹ at or
near the top of the jamb and from thence down to a suitable weight located
behind the jamb. The edges of the holes a, y and z, bite the cord and form a grip,
which will be the firmer, the heavier the strain upon the cord. No knot is required
and all possibility of slipping is removed.
D is the pivot on which the sash E2 turns. It, preferably consists of a hollow
stud of suitable size and length formed integral with the raised portion a of the
plate A'.
F' represents a bearing plate, corresponding in its general outlines to the face of
the guide plate A2 and having a thickness sufficient to give it the required rigidity.
It is provided with a perforation f adapted to loosely receive pivot D2 and has an
extended bearing on the face of the raised portion a¹. It is further provided with
a perforation d, through which the lock bolt d extends into engagement with a
series of perforations f¹, formed in the raised portion a' and located in circular
form around the pivot D2 as a centre. The plate F. is also provided with a suitable
number of perforations f2 for receiving screws or other fastenings by which the
plate is firmly secured to the sash.
The end of the perforation f toward the sash is reamed out and the end of the
pivot is upset, thereby riveting the bearing plate F2 to the guide plate A².
The catch for locking the sash in different tilted adjustments consists of a sliding
plate G³ terminating at one end in the lock bolt d¹. The plate G2 is located in a
recess g, formed in the inside face of the sash and is secured in place by a plate g¹
provided with an elongated slot g². The sides of the slots g² are preferably beveled,
as shown, and serve to guide a beveled edged thumb-plate g³ which is secured to
the plate G³ at its lower end. By pressing on the thumb plate g³, the bolt d' is
thrown into and out of engagement with the perforations f¹ in the guide plate A².
The sash E2 is provided on its edge with a recess e sufficiently long and deep to
accommodate the bearing and guide plates F2 and A2, leaving the back face of the
guide plate A flush with the edge of the sash. The length of the plate A³ is
designed to be greater than the width of the window jamb, measuring from the
outer edges of the beads 63, to admit of the sash being tilted into a position, at a
small angle with its normal position, without the ends of the recess e interfering
with the beads; or the beads may be cut away at such points as it is found
desirable to tilt the sash; and may be left in position where it is desirable to slide
the sash in positions at right angles to the jamb. It is necessary however that the
inside and outside beads should be cut away at such points as to admit of the
bottom of the sash being swung outwardly and top inwardly at some point of their
vertically sliding motion.
The
The sashes are secured in their positions in the window frame in the following
manner: The sash cord is first secured to the guide plate A² as hereinbefore
described and the guide-plate, with the bearing plate riveted thereto placed in
position in the recess formed in the side rail of the sash for its reception; the
bearing plate F2 is then secured to the sash at the bottom of the said recess.
sash is now placed between the jambs with the grooved tongues of the guides in
the grooves
band may be slid up or down at pleasure. A slight pressure on the
thumb plate ga disengages the lock bolt from the bearing plate, and allows the sash
to be tilted at the desired angle, the lock bolt entering one of the perforations f
and thereby locking the sash in the tilted adjustment.
1
It is found advantageous to place buttons or knobs R2 of some elastic or soft
material, rubber, for example, on the top rail of lower sash, when two sashes are
used, to receive the upper sash when turned, to prevent the glass of the upper sash
from striking on the fastener, used to lock the meeting rails of the sashes together.
When two sashes are employed to form a window, they may be arranged for
ventilation, as shown in Fig. 17 directing the hot and cold currents of air in an
inclined direction thereby preventing the annoyance often caused by a draft of air

page_text: striking a table containing loose paper, by scattering and disarranging them, and
the liability to take cold by exposing the person sitting near.
The above construction also admits of a very convenient arrangement of the
sashes for glazing or washing as shown in Fig. 18 where the reverse sides are
brought within convenient reach of the operator.
The upper sash may be provided with a curtain, or rendered opaque or translucent
by other means, and set as shewn in Fig. 19 to form an awning, and the two sashes
may be elevated as shown in Fig. 20 to form a doorway.
Fig. 21 represents a window having but one sash. This may be tilted reversed,
depressed and elevated in a manner quite similar to one of the sashes in the double-
sash window.
.
The sashes may be held in any desired elevated adjustment by means of weights
sufficiently heavy to balance them, or a lock bolt may be introduced for the
purpose.
Fig. 22 represents a construction in which such a bolt is employed. In this case
the pivot D2 extends through the sash and is provided with a bolt H2 having a
longitudinally sliding motion therein and held in a normally withdrawn adjustment
by the tension of a spiral spring h, which surrounds the bolt within the pivot, and
is compressed between a shoulder h' on the bolt and an internal annular shoulder h²
in the pivot. The pivot is also provided with an L-shaped slot m adapted to receive
a pin or lug n on the bolt H2. The bolt H2 is sufficiently long to project through
the guide plate A² and enter sockets m³ formed in the jamb at suitable intervals
along the bottom of the groove b, and being forced into one of the said sockets
against the tension of the spring h, is locked in position by a partial rotation which
throws the pin or lug n into the transverse portion of the slot.
The end of the bolt H2 is conveniently provided with a thumb-plate o for giving
the bolt the rotary movement.
This latter construction, when slightly modified as shown in Fig. 23 also serves to
lock the sash in the required tilted adjustments. For example, the bolt He may be
shortened at its locking end, and a short bolt H³ be yoked thereto parallel there-
with and adapted to extend through a perforation in the face of the raised
portion a¹ and engage a series of perforations in the bearing plate, corresponding to
the perforations f¹ in the portion a¹. The spring will now hold the bolt H³
automatically in engagement with the bearing plate, and the bolt may be released
and window sash tilted by pressing on the bolt H³.
It is evident that many changes might be resorted to in the construction of the
several parts described without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention,
for example the grooved tongue a might be constructed longer or shorter than the
guide plate, and the bearing plate might have a lateral projection opposite the series
of holes about the pivot, affording additional strength at this point hence it is not
desired to strictly limit the invention to the construction herein set forth, but,
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim, is
1st The combination with a sliding and tilting window sash the side rails of
which are recessed or partly cut away at or near their centers, of a window frame
provided with a series of short beads.
2nd The combination with a window sash of pivoted guide plates having T slots
at their upper and lower ends, as set forth.
3rd The combination with a window sash of guide plates, pivoted to and flush
with the side rails, and having T-slots at their upper and lower ends and recesses.
on their under sides under said T-slots as set forth.
4th The combination with a window sash of the pivoted guide plates having
T-slots and recesses under said T-slots, and the thimbles or sash cord guides
secured in the slots at the upper ends of said pivoted guide plates; as set forth.

page_text: 5th The combination with the pivoted guide plates of the cylindrical sash cord
guides, having brackets provided with thimbles, removable from the T slots at the
upper ends of said guide plates, as set forth.
6th The combination of the guide plates G having slots I and recesses J, with
the cylindrical cord guides K having brackets L, lugs or thimbles M and hooks N
as set forth.
7th The combination with the sash having recessed side-rails of the plates F,
pivoted plates G flush with said side rails, and having slots I and recesses J, the
cylindrical cord guides K having brackets L, lugs M and hooks N, and the sash
cord, all arranged as set forth.
8th The combination with a window-frame provided with a series of short beads,
of a sliding and tilting window sash the side rails of which are partly cut away,
pivoted plates secured to the sash, and sash cords secured to the pivoted plates
whereby the sashes can be adjusted while in a horizontal position, substantially as
set forth.
9th The combination with a window frame grooved to accommodate the sash cords,
and provided with a series of short beads, of pivoted window sashes and cords
secured indirectly to the said sashes.
10th The combination with the window frame having a series of short beads
grooves or recesses T, of the sash or sashes having recessed side-rails provided with
plates F pivoted plates G having slots I and recesses J, cylindrical cord guides K
having brackets L lugs M and hooks N and the sash cords; all arranged as set
forth.
11th The combination with a window frame, provided with a series of short beads
and a window sash the side rails of which are recessed or partly cut away at or
near their centres, of a spring actuated catch secured to the sash and engaging the
frame.
12th The combination with the tilting sashes, constructed and arranged as shown
and described, of the window frame having concave recesses Y as and for the
purpose set forth.
13th The combination with the tilting sashes constructed and arranged as
shown and described, of the window frame A having a series of short beads and
the concave recesses Y; as and for the purpose set forth.
14th The combination with a sash weight having a flange at its upper end, of a
detachable plate, and a connecting bolt upon which a pulley is journalled as set
forth.
15th The herein described sash-weight consisting of the body P¹ having vertical
grooves Qand flange R', the detachable plates S' having shoulder T¹ and lug U¹,
the pulley R, journalled upon said bolt or rivet as set forth.
16th The combination with a window frame and two sashes, each provided on
opposite sides with a pivoted plate whereby the sashes can be tilted, of two sash
cords the opposite ends of which are secured to their respective pivoted plates on
the same side of the sash and two weights, the said cord and weights being so
arranged, that a single weight on each side operates both sashes, substantially as
set forth.
17th The combination with a window frame, of a guide plate having a free
sliding movement in a groove formed in the jamb, and a window sash pivotally
secured to the guide plate, substantially as set forth.
18th The combination with a window frame provided with a vertical channel or
groove in the jamb, of a guide plate provided with a tongue adapted to fit and
slide within the groove, and a window sash secured to the guide plate, substantially
as set forth.
19th The combination with a window frame provided with a vertical channel or
groove in the side frame or jamb, of a guide plate having a tongue adapted to fit
within the groove, and a window sash secured to the guide plate in tilting adjust-
ment, substantially as set forth.

page_text: 20th The combination with a window frame and sash, of a guide plate secured to
the side of the sash and provided with a grooved tongue adapted to receive the
sash cord and fit within a groove in the jamb, substantially as set forth.
21st The combination with a guide plate having a free sliding movement in a
groove formed in the jamb, of a window sash pivotally secured to the guide plate
and a sliding catch for holding the window in different open adjustments, sub-
stantially as set forth.
22nd The combination with the guide plate and the sash pivotally secured thereon
of a lock bolt operated by a slide in the inside face of the sash, and adapted to
extend from behind the bearing plate through the same into engagement with the
guide plate, substantially as set forth.
23rd The combination with the bearing plate, the sash rigidly secured thereto,
and the lock-bolt, of a guide plate pivotally secured to the sash in contact with the
bearing plate and provided with a series of holes adapted to receive the lock bolt
in the different rotary adjustments of the sash on the pivot, substantially as set
forth.
24th The combination with the window frame and sash, of the guide plate
provided with a pivot, on which the sash is adapted to rotate and with a grooved
tongue for locking the guide plate to the jamb in a vertically sliding adjustment
and for housing the sash cord, substantially as set forth.
25th In a window provided with a tilting sash, a guide plate having a recessed
face, a grooved tongue, and a series of perforations extending from the recess in the
face to the groove in the tongue, whereby the sash cord may be secured to the
plate, substantially as set forth.
26th The combination with a window frame having short beads, of a window
sash secured in a free vertically sliding adjustment in grooves formed in the
jambs, and having a tilting adjustment on its sliding bearings, substantially as set
forth.
27th The combination with the bearing plate, of the guide plate riveted thereto
in a free rocking adjustment, substantially as set forth.
28th The combination with the guide plate of the bearing plate secured to the
guide plate on a pivotal stud, and provided with perforations for securing it rigidly
to the sash substantially as set forth.
29th The combination with the bearing plate secured to the sash rail, and the
guide plate pivotally secured to the bearing plate, of a sliding bolt adapted to pass
through a perforation in the bearing plate and engage a series of perforations in the
raised portion of the guide plate thereby locking the window in the desired tilted
adjustment, substantially as set forth.
30th The combination with a window sash and window frame, of a slide to
which the sash is pivoted, and by which the sash is secured to the frame whereby
a window composed of a single sash may be opened by tilting and raising the sash,
substantially as set forth.