IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF LINT AND LINT BANDAGES
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Shaw Brown, of Portsmouth, in the
County of Hants, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF LINT AND LINT BANDAGES."
Sealed the 17th March 1871, and dated the 22nd September 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Shaw Brown
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 22nd September 1870.
I, SAMUEL SHAW BROWN, of Portsmouth, in the County of Hants,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF LINT AND LINT BANDAGES,"
to be as follows:-
The warp yarns which are either on a number of bobbins or on a beam
are passed through a reed or comb fixed to the back of the loom, and
behind a pair of fluted or plain rollers or rollers covered with cloth or
other slightly yielding material, from which rollers the yarns pass to the

page_text: healds or harness of the loom to be woven with weft into cloth in the
same manner as linen and calico. After the cloth is woven, instead of
passing it over the breast beam and taking it up on a cloth beam as in
the ordinary calico loom, the cloth at about three inches from the last
pick of weft is received by a pair of plain, fluted, or covered rollers, or
by a single roller having spikes, or covered with wire cord. From the
rollers or roller the cloth passes under or behind a metal bar fixed to the
front of the loom, and near this bar there is a cranked rod to which a to-
and-fro revolving motion is given by means of eccentrics and rod from
the driving shaft of the loom. The cranked rod is a little wider than the
cloth, and as it revolves to and fro it raises the cloth and pulls it from a
reciprocating knife in a slotted frame at the front of the loom, there being
below the knife an uncovered or covered metal plate acting as a cushion.
The knife is pulled to or pressed towards the cushion by an india-rubber
or other spring and pushed from the cushion as required for its to-and-
fro motion by a slotted or forked rod connected by an eccentric to the
driving shaft, the eccentric being so adjusted that the cranked rod shall
be pulling the cloth from the knife at the time the knife is pressing on
the cushion. Motion is imparted to both sets of rollers by gearing and
ratchet wheels worked by ratchets on a rod moved to and fro by the slay
or batten, and in order to deliver the yarn and cloth in even quantities
to and from the rollers, elastic pads between the bearings of the rollers
and regulating pressure screws are employed.
For some kinds of lint I use one or more revolving knives working
across the front end of the loom, so as to scrape the cloth at about two
inches from the front roller or rollers. Under each knife there is a
cushion formed as a segment of a circle corresponding with the circle
described by the knife, or there is a flat cushion meeting the knife at an
angle, such cushions being pulled or pressed towards the knife by
india-rubber or other springs.
When bandages having plain cloth at one end and linted cloth at the
other end are required, the cushions under the reciprocating and revolving
knives are removed whilst the plain portion is woven the length requireḍ
and replaced when the cloth is required to be linted.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Samuel Shaw Brown in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 22nd March 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
SHAW BROWN, of Portsmouth, in the County of Hants, send grecting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the
thirty-fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Samuel Shaw Brown, Her
special licence that I, the said Samuel Shaw Brown, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Samuel Shaw
Brown, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention.
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF
LINT AND LINT BANDAGES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Samuel Shaw Brown, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Shaw Brown, do hereby
declare my nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the Figures
on the accompanying two Sheets of Drawings, and to the letters of
reference marked thereon (that is to say) :-
―:
This Invention consists in improved arrangements and combinations of
mechanism for enabling lint and lint bandages to be manufactured more
efficiently and economically than heretofore accomplished.

page_text: The warp yarns or threads of which the lint or lint bandages are to
be made are wound on a number of bobbins or on a beam and passed
through a reed or comb, and between a pair of fluted or plain rollers,
or rollers covered with cloth or other slightly yielding material, from
which rollers the yarns or threads pass to the healds or harness of the
loom to be woven with weft into cloth in the same manner as linen
and calico. After the cloth is woven instead of passing it over a
breast beam and taking it up on a cloth beam, as in the ordinary
linen or calico loom, I cause the cloth at from three to six inches
from the last pick of weft to be received by a pair of plain fluted
or covered rollers, or by a single roller having spikes or covered with
wire card.
In one arrangement the cloth passes from the rollers or roller behind
a metal bar fixed to the front of the loom, and before a cranked rod, to
which revolving motion is given by gearing in connection with the
crank or tappet shafts of the loom, and from the cranked rod the cloth
passes between a horizontal linting knife having the ordinary to-and-fro
motion and pause, and an uncovered or covered metal roller or plate
acting as a cushion. The knife is pulled to or pressed against the cloth
in contact with the cushion by india-rubber or other springs, and pushed
from the cloth and cushion by slotted or forked rods moved to and fro
by eccentrics on a shaft driven by toothed wheels, the eccentrics being
so adjusted that as the cranked rod revolves it shall raise the cloth at
the time the knife is pressing the cloth against the cushion, and thus
perform the operation of linting. The cloth and yarns are drawn through
the machine by the front fluted, covered, or plain rollers, or by the spiked
roller, revolving motion being given to one of the rollers by means of
toothed gearing turned by a ratchet wheel worked by a catch or ratchet
on a rod moved up and down by a lever on the ordinary rocking shaft,
or to and fro by the slay or batten; and in order to draw the yarns and
deliver the cloth in even quantities elastic pads between the bearings of
the rollers and regulating pressure screws are employed.
In another arrangement or modification I employ a vertical knife
having a cushion below it and move the cloth to be linted by a straight
rod working vertically, the knife being moved one way by springs and
the other way by eccentrics and rods and instead of passing the warp
yarns or threads between fluted or covered rollers at the back of the

page_text: loom, I pass them over an ordinary vibrating bar and work the eccentrics
and rods by bands, or chain or toothed gearing from the crank shaft of
the loom.
For some kinds of lint I use one or more revolving knives working
across the front end of the loom so as to scrape the cloth at from two
to three inches from the front rollers or roller. Under each knife there
is a cushion formed as a segment of a circle corresponding with the
circle described by the knife, or there is a flat cushion meeting the knife
or knives at an angle, the cushion being pulled or pressed towards the
knife or knives by india-rubber or other springs.
When bandages having plain cloth at one end and linted cloth at the
other end are required, the cushions behind or under the cloth and knife
are removed, whilst the plain portion is woven the length required and
replaced when the cloth has to be linted.
On the accompanying two Sheets of Drawings, Figure 1 is a front,
and Figures 2 and 3 end elevations of the first arrangement of linting
apparatus combined with the framework and other parts of a loom;
Figures 4, 5, and 6, are similar elevations of a modification of the same;
Figures 7 and 8, detached views of parts in connection with Figures 1,
2, and 3; Figure 9, a detached view of parts in connection with
Figures 4, 5 and 6; and Figures 10, 11, and 12 are views representing
knives intended to revolve against cloth in contact with cushions.
In the various Figures a represents the side frames of the loom;
b, the crank shaft; c, the tappet shaft; d, the sword arms; e, the slay
or batten; f, the rocking shaft; g, the healds; h, the yarn beam; i, the
warp yarns or threads; and k, the cloth. The loom is provided with
weft and weighting motions, tappets, shuttle, pickers, picking sticks,
temples, and all the parts and movements of an ordinary loom for
weaving calico and linen with the exception of the breast beam, taking.
up roller, and cloth beam, and the linting apparatus can be applied with
equal facility to looms of different makers and all descriptions of linen
and calico looms.
In Figures 1, 2, and 3, the warp yarns or threads are wound on the
ordinary yarn beam and passed over the roller / between the dents of
the comb m, between the rollers n, under the tension rod o, and over and
under lease rods when used to the healds and reed to be woven with weft
into cloth in the usual manner, the cloth passing onwards between the.

page_text: fluted or covered rollers p, q, Figures 1, 2, 3, 7, and 8, which draw or
take up the cloth and draw the yarns from the yarn beam. Between
the bearings of the back and front pairs of rollers are placed india-rubber
pads, the pressure on the cloth being regulated by the screws 8, and
when the loom is at work the bottom roller q is turned by the gearing t,
Figure 7, and ratchet wheel u, the latter being turned by the catch vom
the lever w worked by the rod x on the lever y fixed to the rocking
shaft f. From the rollers p, q, the cloth passes behind the stationery
rod z, Figure 1, 2, 3, and 8, and in front of the cranked rod a¹ to which
revolving motion is given by the bevil gearing 6' and shaft c¹, Figures 1
and 3, one wheel being fixed on the crank shaft b and another wheel on the
cranked rod a', and from this rod the cloth passes between the horizontal
linting knife d¹ and cushion e¹. The knife is fastened by screws to the
plate fl fitted in slots in brackets fixed to the side frames a, and the knife
is moved towards and against the cloth and cushion by springs / 1 acting
on the plate f¹ and moved back by the rods 71 and eccentrics m¹; worked
by gearing n 1 from the crank shaft b, and when the knife is in contact
with the cloth against the cushion the cranked rod a' moves the cloth
to enable the knife to perform the operation of linting. When the knife
goes back the linted cloth descends into a receptacle in the usual
manner, the fluted or covered rollers p, q, at the same time being put in
motion to pass more cloth onwards, and draw fresh yarn forwards, and
thus the operations of weaving and linting are performed in one machine
or loom at the same time. In Figures 4, 5, and 6, the warp yarns or
threads i pass from the yarn beam / over an ordinary vibrating bar p 1,
and from thence through the healds and reed to be woven with weft into
cloth, and at the front of the loom there are two fluted or covered
rollers p, q, between which the cloth is passed, the rollers drawing the
cloth and yarns in the same manner as in Figures 1, 2, and 3, there
being india-rubber pads between the bearings of the rollers and screws s
for regulating the pressure. From these rollers p, q, the cloth passes
over a bar 1, Figures 5 and 6, and between the vertical knife 81 and
cushion t1, the bar working in slots formed in brackets u1 fixed to the
side frames a. The knife 81 is fixed to the plate v1 having its ends fitted
in slots in the brackets 1 and the plate and knife have downward motion
imparted to them by the springs w1, Figures 4 and 5, and upward
motion by the eccentrics a 2 and rods 62, and the bar r 1 has up-and-down
motion given to it by the eccentrics c2 and rods d 2, all the eccentrics

page_text: being fixed to the shaft e 2 driven by the band f2 and pulleys g 2, h 2,
or the shaft may be turned by gearing, as in Figures 1, 2, and 3. The
bottom roller q is turned by the gearing 12 and ratchet wheel m 2,
Figure 9, the latter being turned by the catch n 2 on the lever o 2, which
is moved up down by a stud p 2 in connection with one of the eccentric
rods b 2.
When the machine is set to work and the knife is in contact with
the cloth against the cushion t1, the bar r1 is raised by the eccentrics c 2
and rods d 2 so as to move the cloth to enable the knife to perform the
operation of linting, and when the bar descends and the knife rises the
linted cloth descends into a receptacle, and thus, as in the former case,
the operations of weaving and linting are performed in one machine or
loom at the same time.
When revolving knives are used in connection with looms I place
them near the front fluted or covered rollers and cause them to revolve
by bands, toothed chains, or gearing from the crank or tappet shafts of
the loom.
In Figures 10, 11, and 12, a represents the front part of the side
frames of the loom; p, q, the fluted or covered rollers; and r2, the
revolving knives, the rollers being adjusted by means of pads and screws
and made to revolve, to draw the yarns, and deliver the cloth, as before
described.
2"
In one arrangement the cloth from the rollers p, q, passes between the
knives 2, Figure 10, and a cushion 8 2 formed as a segment of a circle
corresponding with the circle described by the knives, and in another
arrangement shewn in Figures 11 and 12, the cloth passes between the
knives 2 and a flat cushion t 2 pivotted at the back to the side frames
as at u 2 and jointed at the front to springs ₺ 2 connected to brackets w 2,
there being screws and nuts x2 to adjust the cushion as required, and
when the loom is at work, and the knives revolving against the cloth
in contact with either of the cushions, the operations of weaving and
linting are going on at the same time without intermission as long
as the machine is at work, and when lint bandages are to be made the
cushion or knives are removed.
Having now described the nature and particulars of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire it to be
understood that I do not claim the fluted or other rollers, the reciprocating

page_text: and revolving knives, the cushions and springs, the eccentrics and other
parts of the linting apparatus taken separately, or when used inde-
pendent of a loon for weaving, but what I do claim is, the combination
of the fluted or covered rollers, and the various arrangements of linting
apparatus with calico and linen looms so that the operations of weaving
and linting can be performed in one machine as all such improvements
are herein described and illustrated in the accompanying two Sheets of
Drawings.
.
Signed, sealed, and delivered
by the within-named Samuel
Shaw Brown, in the presence
of
G. SEPTIMUS HUGHES,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.
SAMUEL SHAW BROWN. (L.S.)