Improvements in Furnaces.
Year: 1889

page_text: *Date of Application, 29th July, 1889
Complete Specification Left, 29th Apr., 1890-Accepted, 31st May, 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Furnaces.
I, JOHN WATERS of 4 Berlin Terrace, Pollokshields, in the county of Renfrew,
Forge Manager do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object the construction of furnaces in such a manner that
they shall be more durable and lasting than as presently made.
The invention particularly relates to that class of brick built furnace wherein a high
temperature is maintained, although it may be applied to any other class of furnace,
where suitable.
In constructing a furnace in accordance with this invention, I prefer to make the
side walls and hearth on the same principle as heretofore, but the top, instead of being
made of a large number of small bricks bound or cemented together, is made up of a
small number of large sized bricks. These bricks are, by preference, made with
grooves or recesses in them into which fit studs, staples, bolts or their equivalents. To
enable the studs, staples or equivalent to hold securely in the bricks, each stud or
equivalent has its base flanged or broadened out, or it may have a square or oblong
plate or piece secured to its lower end; the broad base part fits into the groove
whilst the narrow part, or staple proper, projects out through a slot or opening made
in the brick.
The bricks are suspended and held in place, in the top of the furnace, by means of
rods, braces, catches or equivalent, which at their upper ends are, or may be fitted or
connected to an iron or other framing or equivalent placed or supported on or over
the top of the furnace; and, at their lower ends catch on, or are fitted to the ends of
the studs, staples or equivalent which project outwards, from the bricks. These
suspension rods or equivalent may be so made as to be capable of being braced up
and thus lift any one or all of the bricks out of position for inspection purposes, or to
enable them to be replaced by new ones.
The studs, bolts, staples or equivalent instead of being fitted into grooves in the
bricks may be embedded in them and they may, if desired, be without the broad base
and be made tapered or conical or partly conical for the better securing of them in
the bricks.
In some cases rods may be passed from end to end, or side to side, through each
brick, to hold it in place.
Instead of making the side walls and hearths in the manner generally done I may,
if it is found desirable, build them up with a number of large bricks held in place by
staples or their equivalent in the same or similar manner to that hereinbefore described
as applicable to furnace tops.
Dated this Twenty-seventh day of July 1889.
H. D. FITZPATRICK,
70, Wellington Street, Glasgow, Applicant's Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Furnaces.
I, JOHN WATERS of 4 Berlin Terrace Pollokshields in the County of Renfrew
Forge Manager, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This invention has for its object the construction of furnaces in such a manner that
they shall be more durable and lasting than as presently made.

page_text: The invention particularly relates to that class of brick built furnace wherein a high
temperature is maintained, although it may be applied to any other class of furnace,
where suitable.
In contructing a furnace in accordance with this invention I prefer to make the
sides and hearth on the same principle as heretofore, but the top, instead of being
made of a large number of small bricks bound or cemented together, is made up of a
small number of large sized bricks. These bricks are, by preference, made with
grooves or recesses in them into which I fit studs, staples, bolts or their equivalent.
To enable the studs, staples or equivalent to hold securely in the bricks, each stud or
equivalent has its base flanged or broadened out or it may have a square or oblong
plate or piece secured to its lower end; the broad base part fits into the groove
whilst the narrow part or staple proper, projects out through a slot or opening made
in the brick.
The bricks are suspended and held in place, in the top of the furnace, by means of
rods, braces, catches or equivalent, which at their upper ends are, or may be, fitted or
connected to an iron or other framing or equivalent placed or supported on or over
the top of the furnace, and at their lower ends catch on, or are fitted to the ends of
the studs, staples or equivalent which project outwards from the bricks. These
suspension rods or equivalent may be so made as to be capable of being braced up and
thus lift any one or all of the bricks out of position for inspection purposes or to
enable them to be replaced by new ones.
The studs, bolts, staples or equivalent instead of being fitted into grooves in the
bricks may be imbedded in thein and they may, if desired, be without the broad
base and be made tapered or conical or partly conical for the better securing of them
in the bricks.
In some cases rods may be passed from end to end, or side to side, through each
brick to hold it in place.
Instead of making the side walls and hearths in the manner generally done I may,
if it is found desirable, build them up with a number of large bricks held in place by
staples or their equivalent in the same or similar manner to that hereinbefore described
as applicable to furnace tops.
And in order that my invention may be properly understood I have hereunto
appended an explanatory sheet of drawings showing, by way of illustration, one
method of carrying out my invention.
On the drawings-
Fig. 1 is a cross section of a flat roofed furnace constructed in accordance with my
invention.
Fig. 2 is a side elevation (partly broken away) of the furnace, fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a cross section of a furnace with arched roof.
Fig. 4 is a part longitudinal section of the furnace fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a perspective view of one of the bricks used in the furnace.
Fig. 6 is an enlarged detail view of the coupling attachment figs. 1 and 2.
Figs. 7 and 8 are respectively a side elevation and plan of a stud for securing the
bricks in the furnace.
In constructing a furnace in accordance with my invention I make the top or roof
of the furnace of a number of large sized bricks a. These bricks a, are, by preference,
made with grooves or recesses in them into which fit studs c or staples, bolts or their
équivalent. To enable the studs c or equivalent to hold securely in the bricks, each
stud c has its base flanged or broadened out, as shown at c¹ (figs. 7 and 8) or it may
- have a square or oblong plate or piece secured to its lower end. The broad base
part fits into the groove whilst the narrow part c projects out through the slot or
opening made in the brick.
The bricks are suspended or held in place in the roof of the furnace by means of
braces d or their equivalent which, at their upper ends, are connected to an iron or
The framing
other framing e placed or supported on or over the top of the furnace.
is preferably a sort of lattice work as shown. In figs. 1 and 2 the framing e is made
up of side straps or supporis e¹ and longitudinal strengthening bars e³. The side straps

page_text: or supports e support the cross bars e² and to which the braces d are fitted. In
fig. 2 the first support e¹ is taken away to show the bricks a whilst the remainder of
the supports are broken away at top to show the braces d. The braces at their lower
ends catch on or are fitted to the ends of the studs c as shown. The braces d are
capable of being braced up by the couplings or their equivalent d' and thus lift
any one or all of the bricks in the furnace roof, out of position for inspection purposes
or to enable them to be replaced by new ones.
In some cases rods may be passed from end to end or from side to side through each
brick to hold it in place.
The side walls and also, if desired, the hearth of the furnace may be built of a
number of large sized bricks. Figs. 1 and 2 show the furnace sides as being built in
this manner. The bricks a are held in place by studs c. The outer ends of said
studs project tbrough openings in the vertical supports e of the framing e and are
held securely in position by pins or feathers g which are passed through eyes or slots
made in the outer projecting ends of the studs c. In the furnace shown at figs. 3
and 4 the side walls are built up of large bricks which are cemented together in the
usual manner. In fig. the framing is not shown.
The bricks a are preferably moulded, when plastic, in one solid or homogeneous
piece and they then have the tee shaped groove formed in them as shown at fig. 5.
The stud c having the broad flange or base c¹ on it may be so embedded in the
brick when plastic that the part e will project out through the brick.
When bricks are secured in place in the manner hereinbefore described should any
of them be burned they can easily be replaced by new bricks without interfering with
the other bricks or injuring the furnace in any way.
Instead of using the form of studs shown, staples or their equivalent may be used,
or if desired the brick or bricks may be bolted in position.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same. is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:
1. A furnace having its roof built with large sized bricks secured, and held
removably in place by means of braces or their equivalent which, at one end, are fitted
to studs, staples or their equivalent inserted in the bricks, and, at the other end, are
secured to a frame fitted over the top of the furnace, substantially as herein before
described and shown on the drawings annexed.
2. A furnace built up of a number of large sized bricks which are secured and held
removably in place by means of studs, staples or their equivalent supported by a
framing, substantially as herein before described and shown on the drawings
annexed.
3. A furnace built of bricks having grooves or their equivalent in them for the
reception of supporting studs, staples or their equivalent substantially as hereinbefore
described and shown on the drawings annexed.
4. A furnace built of bricks having grooves or their equivalent in them for the
reception of supporting studs or staples which are secured to a framework fitted
around or over the furnace, substantially as hereinbefore described and shown on the
annexed drawings.
Dated this 28th day of April 1890.
H. D. FITZPATRICK,
70, Wellington Street, Glasgow, Agent.