INPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF YARNS OR THREADS, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREIN.
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Gustavus Adolphus John Schott, of Bradford,
in the County of York, Wool Spinner, for the Invention of
"INPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF YARNS OR THREADS, AND IN
APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREIN.
"
Scaled the 4th October 1870, and dated the 12th April 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Gustavus Adolphus
John Schott at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 12th April 1870.
I, GUSTAVUS Adolphus John SchoтT, of Bradford, in the County of
York, Wool Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF YARNS OR THREADS, AND IN
APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREIN," to be as follows:―
My Invention relates, firstly, to the production of yarns or threads
consisting of a continuous ground yarn or yarns, with which are twisted
at regular or irregular intervals or distances apart short detached pieces
of yarn, which I term the "top yarn." Both the ground and "top yarn "

page_text: may be of different colours or materials. The said ground yarn and
"top yarn" may each consist of a single yarn, slubbing, or roving, or
of several such yarns, slubbings, or rovings.
"
"
My said apparatus is arranged as follows: -A pair of delivery rollers
is mounted behind the delivery rollers of ordinary spinning or twisting
machines. The lower roller of the front pair of rollers drives the lower
roller of the back pair of rollers by means of bands of india-rubber.
The continuous yarn which constitutes the ground of the compound yarn
to be produced passes between the two pairs of rollers above referred to
on its way to the spindles. Behind the back pair of the said rollers are
mounted two pairs of delivery rollers (which I term the "top yarn'
rollers"), between which the "top yarn" which is to be twisted at
intervals on the ground yarn passes on its way to the rollers herein first
referred to. The lower roller of the first pair of "
top yarn rollers
receives intermittent rotatory motion from a cam or other suitable device,
and the lower roller of the next pair of "top yarn rollers" receives
continuous rotatory motion from toothed gearing suitably arranged.
The upper "top yarn rollers" are driven from their corresponding lower
rollers by toothed wheels, and are pressed by springs upon the said
lower rollers so as to give the required "bite." A knife is mounted
between the pairs of "top yarn rollers," which said knife is raised at
the required intervals by a tappet for the purpose of dividing the "
top
yarn." The said " 'top yarn" and the ground yarn are led to their
respective rollers by suitable guides. A bar perforated with holes of
different sizes to suit the various thicknesses of yarns made is fixed
between the front pair of delivery rollers and the spindles, and the
compound yarn is passed through a hole in the said bar of a size corre-
sponding to the thickness of the said yarn in order to perfect the
twisting thereof, as hercin-after described.
"
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-The first pair of "top yarn
rollers delivers the "top yarn" to the second pair. When the said first
pair stops, the knife herein-before referred to is caused to rise and sever
the yarn between the two pairs of rollers, after which the said knife
falls into its normal position. The piece of "top yarn" thus cut off is
carried forward by the second pair of " top yarn rollers to the first pair
of the delivery rollers through which the ground yarn passes, and is then
carried forward with the said ground yarn on the india-rubber bands
herein-before referred to and through the front pair of delivery rollers, on
"

page_text: "
leaving which it is twisted or interfolded with the said ground yarn, and
as the compound yarn thus formed passes through one of the holes in
the bar herein-before referred to any portions of the "top yarn" which
may not have been perfectly twisted up with the ground yarn are
brought into contact with and twisted on the said ground yarn. The
knife hercin-before referred to may be dispensed with, in which case
the short pieces of "top yarn are separated as required, either by the
stopping of the first pair of "top yarn rollers" intermittently as
described, or by giving continuous motion to both pairs of rollers, but
driving the second pair faster than the first. Both pairs of "top yarn
rollers"
may be coupled so as to have either a continuous rotatory
motion or an intermittent rotatory motion, but in this case the knife
herein-before referred to must be used to cut the “top yarn."
My Invention further consists in the production of fancy yarns or
threads by weaving weft through narrow strips of warp, then cutting the
weft threads so as to form strips of warp, having severed weft threads
interwoven therewith, and then twisting the said strips separately in
order the more firmly to attach the said weft threads to the warp. By
this means are produced yarns or threads with coloured twisted weft
adapted for weaving into cloths or stuffs with varying effects, according
to the composition and material of the weft and warp.
The apparatus which I prefer to use for this purpose is arranged and
acts as follows:-Across a loom (by preference a box loom) and near
the end thereof I mount a pair of delivery rollers, which are caused to
revolve by suitable gearing, and between which the warp and weft yarns
or threads interlaced or woven, as herein-after described, pass on their
way to the beam on which they are wound. I fix on one of the said
rollers at equal distances from each other circular knives or cutters, the
edges of which enter annular grooves formed around the other roller so
as to allow the peripheries of the said rollers to touch each other. I put
the warp on the loom in such a manner as to leave a space opposite to
and on each side of each of the aforesaid knives or cutters, so that as the
said warp passes through the rollers the threads of the said warp pass
through the spaces between the knives or cutters. When the loom is
set in motion, and the weft is woven into the warp by the usual means,
the warp and weft are drawn between the rollers, the weft is cut by the
knives, and the continuous warp in narrow strips with spaces between
them and the severed weft are wound on the receiving beam, which is

page_text: mounted on a suitable creel in connection with a common twisting
frame, and by means of guide wires the warp threads with the severed
weft threads woven therein as described are directed through the
delivery rollers of the said frame to the spindles thereof which carry
bobbins on to which the compound yarn is wound or twisted, and by the
act of twisting the loose pieces of weft threads are firmly attached to
and locked into the warp threads. The delivery rollers herein-before
referred to may be caused to revolve continuously, in which case the
weft will be interwoven with the warp in the usual manner, or the said
rollers and the receiving beam may have an intermittent rotatory motion
communicated to them by means of an excentric or other equivalent
means, in which case the stuff woven will present spaces of barc weft
alternating with portions of warp interwoven with weft. Thus, for
example, if the delivery rollers stop long enough for ten picks or threads
of weft to be woven through the warp, and then revolve quickly,
drawing the warp forward suddenly to the extent of two inches, and
then stop long enough for ten more picks of weft to be woven in, and
so on, the product before going through the rollers will present spaces
of the width of two inches, showing only the bare warp threads, such
spaces alternating with portions or bands of warp and weft threads
interwoven, such portions or bands being of the width of ten picks of
weft. After passing through the rollers the strips, into which the
product of the weaving above described is cut, will have the appearance
of warp threads forming a continuous yarn, through which are threaded
or woven at intervals of two inches short pieces of thread (the original
weft threads) forming a cluster or spot on the ground or continuous
yarn (the original warp threads), and if the warp and weft threads are
of different colours the said clusters or spots are very conspicuous on the
continuous ground yarn. The compound yarn produced is twisted as
herein-before described, and when woven up again either as warp or weft,
or both in conjunction, will produce divers new effects in the goods into
which it is introduced.
In cases where the compound yarn is required to be very thin, or

page_text: may be mounted on the top rollers of several pairs of rollers arranged one
behind the other, between which the tissue is caused to pass; the said
knives being so arranged on their respective rollers that the tissue shall
be cut by the first set of knives into broad strips containing several sets
of warp threads, and then be subdivided by the succeeding sets of
knives into strips containing only one set of warp threads. Thus, for
example, if two pairs of rollers are used half the knives are mounted
on the top roller of the first pair and half on the top roller of the
second pair; the second set of knives being placed opposite to the
centres of the spaces between the first set, so that when the loom is set
in motion two sets of warp threads with weft interwoven pass through
the spaces between the first set of knives which cut them into strips,
cach containing the two sets of warp threads aforesaid, which said
strips are afterwards subdivided by the second set of knives into strips
containing only one set of warp threads. Where there is not sufficient
room on the loom for the rollers aforesaid they may be mounted on a
separate frame. In this case the tissue is woven in the loom as hercin-
before described, and wound on the receiving beam; after which the
said beam is put on the frame carrying the rollers as aforesaid, and the
picce of tissue is unwound and passed through the said rollers, from
Other
which it passes cut into strips as herein-before described.
suitable apparatus may be employed in lieu of the circular knives
described for the purpose of cutting the weft.
Weft threads of several different colours or materials may be woven
through the warp threads so as to produce an endless variety of patterns
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Gustavus Adolphus John Schott in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 12th October 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GUSTAVUS
ADOLPHUS JOHN SCHOTT, of Bradford, in the County of York, Wool
Spinner, send grecting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of April, in the year
of our Lord Oue thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-

page_text: third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Gustavus Adolphus John Schott, Her
special licence that I, the said Gustavus Adolphus John Schott, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Gustavus Adolphus John Schott, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thercafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
YARNS OR THREADS, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREIN,"
upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Gustavus Adolphus John
Schott, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
"
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Gustavus Adolphus John Schott, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
My Invention relates, firstly, to the production of yarns or threads
consisting of a continuous ground yarn or yarns, with which are twisted
at regular or irregular intervals or distances apart short detached pieces
of yarn, which I term the "top yarn." Both the ground and "top
yarn may be of different colours or materials. The said ground yarn
and "top yarn" may each consist of a single yarn, slubbing, or roving, or
of several such yarns, slubbings, or rovings.
وو
My said apparatus is arranged as follows:-A pair of delivery rollers
is mounted behind the delivery rollers of ordinary spinning or twisting
machines. The lower roller of the front pair of rollers drives the lower
roller of the back pair of rollers by means of bands of india-rubber or
other suitable material. The continuous yarn which constitutes the
ground of the compound yarn to be produced passes between the two
pairs of rollers above referred to on its way to the spindles. Behind the
back pair of the said rollers are mounted two pairs of delivery rollers
(which I term the "top yarn rollers"), between which the "top yarn,"

page_text: which is to be twisted at intervals on the ground yarn, passes on its way
to the rollers herein first referred to. The lower roller of the first pair of
<<
top yarn rollers" receives intermittent rotatory motion from a cam or
other suitable device, and the lower roller of the next pair of "top yarn
rollers" receives continuous rotatory motion from toothed gearing
suitably arranged, and may also be connected with the lower roller of
the front pair of delivery rollers by the india-rubber bands afore mentioned,
in which case the lower roller of the back pair of delivery rollers can be
dispensed with, not being required for the support of its top roller,
which will be sufficiently supported by the india-rubber bands afore
mentioned. The upper "top yarn rollers " are driven from their
corresponding lower rollers by toothed wheels, and are pressed by springs
upon the said lower rollers so as to give the required "bite." A knife
is mounted between the pairs of "top yarn rollers," which said knife is
raised at the required intervals by a tappet for the purpose of dividing
the "top yarn." The said "top yarn," and the ground yarn are led to
their respective rollers by suitable guides. A bar perforated with holes
of different sizes to suit the various thicknesses of yarn made is fixed
between the front pair of delivery rollers and the spindles, and the
compound yarn is passed through a hole in the said bar of a size
corresponding to the thickness of the said yarn in order to perfect the
twisting thereof as herein after described.
"
The action of the apparatus is as follows:--The first pair of "top
yarn rollers delivers the " top yarn" to the second pair. When the
said first pair stops, the knife herein-before referred to is caused to rise
and sever the yarn between the two pairs of rollers, after which the said
knife falls into its normal position. The piece of "top yarn" thus cut
off is carried forward by the second pair of " top yarn rollers" to the
first pair of the delivery rollers, through which the ground yarn passes,
and is then carried forward with the said ground yarn on the india-rubber
bands herein-before referred to and through the front pair of delivery
rollers, on leaving which it is twisted or interfolded with the said ground
yarn, and as the compound yarn thus formed passes through one of the
holes in the bar herein-before referred to any portions of the "top yarn
which may not have been perfectly twisted up with the ground yarn are
brought into contact with and twisted on the said ground yarn. The
knife herein-before referred to may be dispensed with, in which case the
short pieces of "top yarn" are separated as required, either by the
"

page_text: "
stopping of the first pair of "top yarn rollers" intermittently as described,
or by giving continuous motion to both pairs of rollers, but driving the
second pair faster than the first. Both pairs of “top yarn rollers may
be coupled so as to have either a continuous rotatory motion or an
intermittent rotatory motion, but in this case the knife herein-before
referred to must be used to cut the "top yarn." The intermittent
rotary motion can, however, be applied to the second pair of top yarn
rollers only, if it is not connected by the india-rubber bands with the
lower roller of the front pair of delivery rollers as before described.
My Invention further consists in the production of fancy yarns or
threads by weaving weft through narrow strips of warp, then cutting
the weft threads so as to form strips of warp, having severed wefts threads
interwoven therewith, and then twisting the said strips separately in
order the more firmly to attach the said weft threads to the warp. By
this means are produced yarns or threads with coloured twisted weft
adapted for weaving into cloths or stuffs with varying effects, according
to the composition and material of the weft and warp.
The apparatus which I prefer to use for this purpose is arranged and
acts as follows:-Across a loom (by preference a box loom) and near
the end thereof I mount a pair of delivery rollers which are caused to
revolve by suitable gearing, and between which the warp and weft
yarns or threads interlaced or woven, as herein-after described, pass on
their way to the beam on which they are wound. I fix on one of the
said rollers at equal distances from each other circular knives or cutters,
the edges of which enter annular grooves formed around the other roller
so as to allow the peripheries of the said rollers to touch each other.
I put the warp on the loom in such a manner as to leave a space opposite
to and on each side of cach of the aforesaid knives or cutters, so that as
the said warp passes through the rollers the threads of the said warp
pass through the spaces between the knives or cutters. When the
loom is set in motion, and the weft is woven into the warp by the usual
means, the warp and weft are drawn between the rollers, the weft is cut
by the knives, and the continuous warp in narrow strips with spaces
between them and the severed weft are wound on the receiving beam,
which is mounted on a suitable crcel in conection with a common
twisting frame, and by means of guide wires the warp threads with the
severed weft threads woven therein as described are directed through the
delivery rollers of the said frame to the spindles thereof which carry bobbins

page_text: on to which the compound yarn is wound or twisted, and by the act of
twisting the loose pieces of weft threads are firmly attached to and
locked into the warp threads. The delivery rollers herein-before
referred to may be caused to revolve continuously in common with and
by the usual gearing of the receiving beam on looms, in which case
the weft will be interwoven with the warp in the usual manner, or the
said rollers and the receiving beam may have an intermittent rotatory
motion communicated to them by means of an eccentric or other
equivalent means in addition to the regular and usual motion of the
receiving beam, in which case the stuff woven will present spaces of
bare warp alternating with portions of warp interwoven with weft.
Thus, for example, if the above-described intermittent rotatory motion of
the dilivery rollers is stopped long enough for ten picks or threads of
weft to be woven through the warp, and the rollers then revolve
quickly, drawing the warp forward suddenly to the extent of two
inches, and then the intermittent rotatory motion is stopped again
long enough for ten more picks of weft to be woven in, and so on, the
product before going through the rollers will present spaces of the width
of two inches, showing only the bare warp threads, such spaces
alternating with portions or bands of warp and weft threads interwoven,
such portions or bands being of the width of ten picks of weft. When the
box loom is used this alternation of spaces or bands of bare warp threads,
and of warp threads interwoven with weft, may also be produced by
simply changing after the requisite number of picks of weft is woven
in the warp to a box carrying no shuttle, or only an empty shuttle
without weft; this will evidently produce or rather leave a space of bare
warp threads until this box devoid of weft is changed again for one
carrying weft. In this case, if the loom is provided with the usual weft
fork, the action of the weft fork must be suspended. After passing
through the rollers the strips, into which the product of the weaving
above described is cut, will have the appearance of warp threads forming
a continuous yarn, through which are threaded or woven at intervals of
two inches short pieces of thread (the original weft threads), forming a
cluster or spot on the ground or continuous yarn (the original warp
threads), and if the warp and weft threads are of different colours the
said clusters or spots are very conspicuous on the continuous ground
The compound yarn produced is twisted as herein-before described,
and when woven up again, either as warp or weft or both in conjunction,
will produce divers new effects in the goods into which it is introduced.
yarn.

page_text: In cases where the compound yarn is required to be very thin, or the
weft threads have to be cut into very short pieces, it might be mechani-
cally difficult to fix the circular knives on the top roller of the delivery
rollers as close to each other as would be required. To obviate this
difficulty, instead of mounting on one roller all the knives necessary for
cutting the tissue into the required number of strips, the said knives
may be mounted on the top rollers of several pairs of rollers arranged
one behind the other, between which the tissue is caused to pass, the
said knives being so arranged on their respective rollers that the tissue
shall be cut by the first set of knives into broad strips containing several
sets of warp threads, and then be subdivided by the succeeding sets of
knives into strips containing only one set of warp threads Thus, for
example, if two pairs of rollers are used half the knives are mounted on
the top roller of the first pair and half on the top roller of the second
pair, the second set of knives being placed opposite to the centres of the
spaces between the first sct, so that when the loom is set in motion two
sets of warp threads with weft interwoven pass through the spaces
between the first set of knives which cut them into strips, cach
containing the two sets of warp threads aforesaid, which said strips
are afterwards subdivided by the second set of knives into strips
containing only on set of warp threads.
In the before-described modes of construction of the cutting apparatus
that roller which carries the knives or cutters is thereby made to perform
two functions, namely, that of delivering or passing forward the piece of
tissue (in conjunction with the second roller), and that of cutting the
piece into strips by means of the knives or cutters mounted upon it.
These two functions may be advantageously separated by adding a third
roller for the purpose of carrying the knives, whilst the two former
rollers solely perform the function of delivering or passing forward the
piece as described. In this case both the delivery rollers are provided
with the annular grooves, which in the former case were formed only
round one of the delivery rollers. The circular knives or cutters are
mounted on the third roller and are introduced into the grooves of both
the delivery rollers at the same time in such a way that the edges of the
knives protrude into the annular grooves of the two delivery rollers up to
the point where the peripheries of the delivery rollers touch each other.
In this way, when the three rollers are set in motion, the two delivery
rollers pass forward the piece of tissue against the edges of the circular

page_text: knives which cut the tissue at the points where it is held fast between
the delivery rollers. Where there is not sufficient room on the loom
for the rollers aforesaid they may be mounted on a separate frame. In
this case the tissue is woven in the loom as herein-before described,
and wound on the receiving beam, after which the said beam is put on
the frame carrying the rollers as aforesaid, and the piece of tissue is
unwound and passed through the said rollers, from which it passes cut
into strips as herein-before described. Other suitable apparatus may be
employed in lieu of the circular knives described for the purpose of
cutting the weft.
Weft threads of several different colours or materials may be woven
through the warp threads so as to produce an endless variety of patterns
in the compound yarn.
Description of the Drawings or Diagrams which accompany these
presents and illustrate the construction and use of the said apparatus :-
-
Fig. 1, d and d' are the delivery rollers of an ordinary spinning or
twisting machine; c¹ is the top roller of the additional pair of delivery
rollers mounted behind d and № (the bottom roller is dispensed with in
the sketch); and are the second and a and a the first pair of top
yarn rollers; e is the knife which rises up driven by tappet g, in order
to cut the top yarn between rollers a, a', and b, at the required
intervals; n is the ground yarn, in this instance consisting of three threads
which passes under roller c¹ and over the india-rubber band f to the
rollers d, d, and through one of the holes in bar to the spindle (not
shown; o and n, Fig. 2, are the two delivery rollers; m is the circular
knife, the tissue is drawn between o and n in the direction of the arrow,
and cut by the knife m at the point p; Fig 3 shows the roller carrying
the circular knife m; Fig. 4 shows the rollers n and o with their annular
grooves.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed or
carried out in practice, I hereby declare that I claim, the Invention of
the herein described "Improvements in the Manufacture of Yarns or
Threads, and in Apparatus to be used therein," particularly as regards the
yarn, whether produced by the means and apparatus herein described, or
any other appropriate means, such yarn consisting of a continuous
ground yarn or yarns, with which are twisted or interwoven, or both,

page_text: (according to the mode of production adopted) at regular or irregular
intervals or distances apart, short detached pieces of yarn, which may,
if required, be of different colours or materials.
And also as regards the cutting apparatus, I claim the use of the same
not only for the production of my yarn above described, but for general
use likewise, it being understood that I do not limit myself to the precise
details of the mechanism described, nor do I claim such details except as
constituent parts of my apparatus.
In witness whereof, I, the said Gustavus Adolphus John Schott,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of October,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
Witness,
GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS JOHN SCHOTT. (L.S.)
JOHN HY. WILLEY,
Wool Merchant,
Bradford.