Improvements in Steam Heating or Superheating Apparatus.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 8'h May,
1895
Complete Specification Left, 13th Nov., 1895-4ccepted, 7th Mar., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Steam Heating or Superheating Apparatus.
I, EDWARD BENNIS of Lancashire Stoke Works, Bolton, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows.-
This invention has for its object an arrangement whereby the steam can be used
in the most efficacious manner, and which is especially applicable for steamships
and other places where boilers have to be got in the smallest compass compatible
with the requisite horse power.
In order to economise space, the boiler is generally made as small as possible,
and under these circumstances the steam 13 liable to be very moist. I accordingly
bring the steam pipo down to the arch of the flue in land engines immediately
before it goes to the economiset, in marine engines to the base of the uptake.
From this steam pipe project a series of pendent tubes, and into these a second
series of pendent tuhes smaller in diameter project down to near the bottom from a
second tube (the exit steam pipe), the arrangement of the pendent tubes being
substantially what is commonly known as the Field system but arranged with
separate supply and delivery tubes at the top. This second pipe leads to the
engine. The steam passing down the outer tubes rises up the inner tubes and after
being dried on superheated in the outer tubes by the heat of the effluent products
of combustion, escapes to the engine dry and somewhat superheated no matter how
wet it may be as it goes from the boiler. The two main tubes can be formed on
the outside as a single tube with a cential diaphragm or in any other manner that
is most convenient, and under some circumstances I may reverse the arrangement
and pass the steam down the inside tubes and up the outer tubes to the engine, but
I prefer the plan previously mentioned. The bottoins of the outside pendent tubes
are made with a joint as caps so that they can be taken off and any dirt that
collects emptied out of them.
Dated the 4th day of May 1805
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, Patent Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in Steam Heating or Superheating Apparatus.
I, EDWARD BENNI8 of Lancashire Stoker Works, Bolton in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :—
My invention is designed to enable dry or slightly superheated steam, for use in
steam engines and other general purposes, to be produced in an economical manner,
and so to construct the apparatus as to iende it readily accessible for inspection
and repan, and easily accessible for cleaning purposes.
I prefer to pass the entne steam produced by a boiler or range of boilers
though the apparatus, which as constructed and described, not only forms a
diying and supei heating apparatus, but under certam condit ous acts as a most
TES) |

page_text: efficient steam trap, so that in case of an extra quantity of water being carried
over by the steam as sometimes occurs, it is trapped and evaporated in my stoam
dryer.
I place the superheater, when applied to a Lancashire boiler or to a range of
Lancashire boilers preferably in the main flue, between the boiler and economisers,
if any, otherwise between the boiler and the chimney.
I form, preferably, of cast iron, one or more main tubes of greater or less
length, but cast divided in the middle. The bottom of this tube has flanges cast
or designed to receive tubes with a closed end which hang down into the main flue,
or in any other suitable position for the purposes described further on.
The main
tube is preferably cast with a recess at each side into which I fit a plate of sheet
steel, o iron, or other suitable metal (F in the drawings). This plate has holes
in it, to each of which I insert a central tube which bangs down at or near the
centro of the before mentioned tube; this is forming, as will be seen from the
drawings, a Field" tube, but having the discharge pipe in a different chamber
from the supply pipe: the central diaphragm dividing the main tube into two
chambers
The steam may be passed first into the upper or lower chamber as desued, but
by preference pass it first into the upper chamber, from which it passes down
the central tube which is usually of the total area of the larger external pipe.
The internal tube I make of such a length that it only reaches within about one
foot of the bottom of the external tube. This central tube is perforated with a few
holes generally six or eight, and about in diameter. The effect in this particular
arrangement is that the steam running down the central pipe discharges any water
carried in it into the bottom of the external tube, while the steam passes away
through the holes and through the space below the contral tube. The steam
which has thus escaped and is heated by the hot external tube, passes into the
lower half of the main tube, and 18 discharged into the pipe, from which it passes
into the engine or other work which it is required to perform.
I sometimes make the bottom of the outside tube with a cap that can be taken
off and any dut that collects may be removed; but I find as a general rule that it
is better to close the end of this tube permanently, so as not to be depending upon
bolts and nuts or screws in a hot flue.
With this invention as applied to Babcock and other sectional boilers, I somo-
times place the steam dryer at the back end of such boiler where there is plenty of
room, and sometimes in the main flue loading to the chimney as before described;
and it sometimes may be convenient for either class of boiler to place the apparatus
in the chimney itself.
When I apply this invention to a marine boiler I place the steam dryer
either in the upper portion of the smoke box, or in the chimney, preferably the
latter, where it forms a very valuable protection, proventing the great heat of
the chimney from reaching the outside and burning it away, reducing the heat of
the escaping gases and producing an increased quantity of steam for use in the
engines.
Figure 1 is a plan of my apparatus, partly in section.
Figures 2 and 3 vertical sections with ends of the pendent tubes removed (taken
at right angles to each other).
In these, A is the entrance pipe for steam; B bout pipes connecting the various
ranges of superheating pipes when the ranges are worked in series; when not
coupled in series a separate steam supply and exit is furnished to each range.
C exit for superheated steain, D moist steam conduit and E superheated steam
conduit forming the divided pipo above mentioned. These conduits are separated
by diaphragm F; G internal pipes connected with the moist steam conduit and
open at bottom, II external pipes longer than pipes G and closed at bottom
connected with conduit E.
It is obvious that the steam could be sent with almost equal advantage the
reverse way, namely in the direction CE H G D A.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a steam beater or superheater a series of depending pipes placed in the hot
products of combustion having central tubes through which the steam passes up or
down as dosoribed and illustrated.
2. The arrangement in a steam heater or superheater of main tube substantially
as described, having a central diaphragm with steam pipes fixed therein and
cnclosed in exterior pipes for the purposes described.
3. The general arrangement of steam superheater constructed as described
with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 12th day of November 1895.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of Liverpool, Manchester, Birmingham, and London, Patent Agents.