IMPROVED MEANS FOR MEASURING AND CONTINUOUSLY RECORDING PHYSICAL POWER'
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Arthur George Meeze of Redhill in the County of Surrey'
for an Invention of "IMPROVED MEANS FOR MEASURING AND CONTINUOUSLY
RECORDING PHYSICAL POWER'
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Arthur George Meeze at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th December 1883.
ARTHUR GEORGE MEEZE of Redhill in the County of Surrey "IMPROVED
MEANS FOR MEASURING AND CONTINUOUSLY RECORDING PHYSICAL POWER."
My invention relates to improved means for measuring and recording physical
power whereby I achieve results of great utility and economic value: such for
example as the measurement or meterage of the power given out by steam, gas,
water, hot air or other engines worked by fluid pressure, the power transmitted
through revolving shafting or communicated by driving belts from one revolving
shaft to another, the quantity of electrical energy passed through an electrical
conductor, the power exerted by winds or other fluids in motion, and thence,
indirectly the quantity of such fluid passed through pipes or other conduits.
According to one part of my invention I effect mechanically the integration of
two functions and record the product continuously upon a dial in manner following:
I mount a main shaft or spindle so as to turn freely in suitable bearings. One part
of this spindle I connect by a cog-wheel or other suitable means with a counter
composed of a train of docimal wheels and a dial plate whereon the number of
revolutions or parts of a revolution of the said spindle may be recorded.. Upon
another part of this spindle I key or otherwise securely fasten a small cog-wheel,
and upon opposite sides of this cog wheel I place pulleys. The pulley on the one
side is arranged so as to turn freely upon the main spindle. The face of this pulley
that is turned towards the cog-wheel carries one or more, by preference two,
projecting arms which serve as axles for secondary cog-wheels or pinions turning
freely thereon and at the same time running in gear with the cog wheel upon the

page_text: main spindle. The pulley on the other side of the last mentioned cog-wheel I
arrange also free to turn upon the main spindle. This pulley carries a cog wheel
which is larger than either of the others and furnished with internal or hypo-
cycloidal teeth cut to gear with the small or secondary cog-wheels described as
mounted on the arms or axles which project from the face of the first pulley. The
whole is thus arranged in gear to form an epicyclic train, from which it will be
obvious that if the first described pulley be driven while the second is kept fixed,
the main axle will be caused to rotate in the same direction though not with the
same velocity as the moving pulley. And it is also evident that if the first pulley
be fixed and the second driven, the motion of the main spindle will be retrograde.
If, therefore, both pulleys be driven in the same direction with a certain determinate
difference of velocity depending upon the relative diameters of the cog wheels
forming the epicyclic train the main axle will remain at rest. Any variation in
this fixed ratio due to retardation or increase in the velocity of either pulley will,
however, cause the main spindle to rotate, and the amount of this rotation will be
recorded upon the dial plate of the counter.
On another part of this same machine I mount in suitable bearings a second axle
or spindle one end of which terminates in a flat circular disc or its equivalent
(eg, a cone). Against the face of this disc or its equivalent, I cause to be pressed a
inovable friction-piece actuated and controlled in a manner to be described hereafter.
Upon this secondary axle I mount two pulleys suitably grooved, and when
necessary roughened or lined with wood, india rubber or other suitable material
for the purpose of ensuring the proper grip of the bands or belts by which they
are driven.
These latter pulleys are securely fixed so as to turn as one with the
secondary axle, and are placed in mechanical communication with the pulleys upon
the main axle by means of a pair of driving belts which run in the said grooves
and in similar grooves cut in the pulleys that are mounted upon the main axle. One
of these driving belts I make of any suitable elastic extensile material. By
preference I use a belt made of metallic wire wound into a long spiral spring and
united at the ends by suitable connections so as to form a continuous elastic
driving belt. The other may be either a similar elastic extensile belt to the last,
or an ordinary unelastic belt of leather, gutta percha or other suitable material:
or may be entirely replaced by equivalent gearing. In general I make the pulleys
above described of such relative dimensions that when one of the pulleys upon the
main axle is caused to rotate, it will communicate motion to the secondary axle
through the elastic extensile driving belt, and thence to the other of the two
pulleys upon the main axle in such wise that the difference in velocity between
the two pulleys of the main axle acting through the epicyclic gear described
above serves to keep the said main axle at rest.
When I employ the above described integrator for the measurement of engine
power I cause one of the two pulleys on the main shaft, preferably that which
carries the cog-wheel with the internal gear, to be driven by a belt or other gearing
from some moving part of the engine, by which means I ensure that the velocity of
the pulley is always proportional to the velocity of the working parts of the engine.
This pulley communicates its motion to the secondary shaft of the integrator by
means of the elastic extensile belt and thence by the means provided to the second
pulley on the main axle. The secondary shaft of the integrator carries, as before
described, at one extremity a flat faced disc or its equivalent, against which is
pressed a movable friction piece. The pressure of the friction piece is capable of
adjustment by means of a spring and normally the friction piece is kept pressed
against the disc at its centre, or at the apex of the cone when the latter is used
instead of the disc; but is arranged so as to be free to move uniformly over its
surface away from the centre. When employed for the measurement of engine
power this friction piece is suitably connected with some kind of flexible diaphragm
or its equivalent, the displacement of which from the normal position is always
proportional to the difference of pressures upon the opposite sides of the engine

page_text: piston. I accomplish this result in various ways. In one form I employ a
miniature steam cylinder, both ends of which may be placed in communication
with the ends of the engine cylinder, while the motion of its piston is retricted by
one or more spiral springs as in the ordinary steam engine indicator. The dis-
placement of the miniature piston is thus proportional at every instant to the
effective pressure in the engine, and the motion of this piston I communicate either
directly, or through multiplying link work, to the friction piece and thus cause the
latter to be displaced from the centre of the disc by an amount always proportional
to the effective pressure.
In another case I control the motion of the friction piece by a modification of
the device adopted in the ordinary aneroid barometer for indicating pressures; also
I use for the purpose of regulating the motion of the friction piece a somewhat
flattened bent tube as in the ordinary fluid pressure gauge
I will now describe how this machine acts as an engine power meter :—the
pulley on the main axle of the integrator being caused to revolve as described
above, at a velocity always proportional to that of a suitable moving part of the
engine, the secondary shaft of the integrator and its attached disc, being connected
with the main shaft by means of the elastic extensile driving belt, will also revolve.
The velocity of the secondary shaft will depend however, not only on the relative
sizes of the driving and the driven pulley, but in consequence of the driving belt
being elastic and extensile it will depend also upon the work which the secondary
shaft is required to do. For it is well known that when power is transmitted from
one revolving shaft to another by means of elastic extensile belting, the difference
of velocity between the tight and the slack part of the belt is proportional to the
power transmitted from the one shaft to the other, and that consequently the
difference of velocity between the driving and the driven shaft is a function of
the work done by the one shaft upon the other. Thus, if in the normal position of
the friction piece the diameters of the pulleys are adjusted so that the main axle
of the integrator is at rest, the ratio of the velocity of the driving pulley on the
main axle to that of the pulley on the secondary axle will be a certain determinate
amount. If now the friction piece be moved over the surface of the disc away
from its centre the velocity of the shaft carrying the disc will be diminished by an
amount proportional to the extra work done; which obviously increases with the
distance of the friction piece from the centre of the disc. The absolute retardation
of the secondary axle as shown on the dial plate of the counter will thus depend
upon two variables :-(1) the velocity of the piston; and (2) the effective pressure
thereon; and will therefore be at once a measure and a record of their product;
i.c. of the work done by the engine.
When I employ this machine to measure the power transmitted through a
revolving shaft, I drive the pulley upon its main axle by a belt or other suitable
gearing at a velocity proportional to that of the revolving shaft. And at the same
time I cause by means of a spring coupling or its equivalent the friction piece to
be displaced from its normal position by an amount proportional to the strain
passing through the shaft. Thus my integrator measures both the strain
transmitted by the shaft and its velocity, that is the total power passing through
it. When I employ this machine to measure the power transmitted by driving
belts I drive the pulley upon the mainshaft of the integrator by a belt or other
suitable gearing at a rate proportional to the velocity of the driving belt whose
working power is to be measured, and I cause at the same time the difference in
tension between the two parts of the said belt to displace the friction piece from
its normal position. For this purpose I deflect the driving belt over guide rollers
attached to a movable frame and a suitable spring, the said frame being connected
with the friction piece. In this case the functions integrated by my machine are
(1) the velocity of the belt; and (2) the difference in tension between its tight
and slack sides; that is the machine measures the power transmitted by the belt.
When I employ my machine for measuring the electrical energy passed through

page_text: a conductor I cause the pulley upon the main axle of the integrator to be driven
by suitable means. In one case I use for the purpose of driving this pulley a small
electric-motor through which the whole current or a known fraction thereof passes.
By preference I wind the field magnets of this motor with a short length of large,
well insulated conducting wire, through which the whole current passes with
trifling resistance. The armature, which I prefer to work in a shunt circuit,
I wind with a great length of fine silk-covered copper or silver wire; offering in
consequence of its great length and fineness a high resistance. The effective pull
upon the armature is thus made proportional to the product of the electro-motive
force into the current strength, that is, to the electrical energy passing through the
circuit, and I measure this by causing the friction piece of the integrator to be
simultaneously and proportionately displaced from its normal position; thereby
increasing the work done upon the secondary shaft of the machine. For the
purpose of displacing the friction piece I connect it, in one case, with a galvano-
meter needle or its equivalent deflected by the current; in another, I connect it
with a movable shunt-wound solenoid of fine wire which is attracted by a second.
solenoid of thick wire, through which the whole or a known portion of the current
passes. I restrict the motion of the movable solenoid by a spring or a weight, or
their equivalents, so that the displacement of the friction piece from its normal
position is always proportional to the energy of the circuit. In another case
I cause the secondary axle of the integrator, with or without its disc attachment
and friction piece, to do work in other ways; as for example in driving a small
dynamo, or in doing work upon a second electricmotor, in such wise that the work
done shall be proportional to the electrical energy to be measured. For this purpose
I sometimes vary my machine thus: I mount two electricmotors of the kind
described above. These by preference, but not necessarily, are similar. The main
current is passed through the field magnets of the one, and a definite fractional
portion is shunted through the other; in consequence whereof one of these motors
is capable of doing work upon the other the amount of which capability will be
more or less according as the total current passing in the circuit increases or
diminishes. When join these motors so that the one does its work upon the
other through a revolving shaft, I use my integrator to measure the power
transmitted by this shaft in the manner before described, and thus indirectly
the electrical energy passed through the conductor.
When I make the one motor
do work upon the other through a driving belt, I use my integrator to measure the
power transmitted by the driving belt, and thus indirectly the electrical energy as
above.
In the particular case where I use an elastic extensile driving belt for
transmitting the power of the one motor to the other I may divert the slack and
the tight sides of the belt, which move with different velocities, over pulleys in
connection with differential gear, and thus measure the electrical energy passing in
the circuit, by the difference in velocity between the tight and the slack parts of
the belt. In this combination I sometimes use only one electricmotor, and replace
the other by the integrator disc and movable friction piece, the motion of which
latter is regulated by connection with a galvanometer needle or its equivalent; or
with a movable solenoid as above described. Sometimes I retain both electric
motors and the said disc and friction piece, in combination with the above
mentioned differential gear and a counter. The electricmotors in some
may be replaced by clockwork driven or controlled by electricity, and the friction
disc may in every case be replaced by a cone or equivalent friction device.
cases
For measuring the power exerted by winds, or other fluids in motion, I replace
one or both of the electric motors as described above, by a suitable fluid motor or
motors; as for example by the cups of the ordinary anemometer. These I make of
different powers, and cause one to do work upon the other. This work, which is
always proportional to the whole fluid power exerted, I measure in one of the ways
Above described. Sometimes I employ only one fluid motor, and substitute the disc

page_text: and friction piece for the other. In this case I cause the friction piece to move
proportionately under the fluid pressure.
For measuring the quantity of a fluid passed through pipes or other conduits, I
cause the main supply pipe to divide into two branches of different diameters, so
that more of the fluid shall flow through one branch then through the other.
These branches may again unite. In each branch I place a motor worked by the
fluid in passing; I then cause one of these motors to do work upon the other and
then measure, in the manner above described for electricity, the quantity of fluid
passed through the pipe.
The modification of my machine described above for measuring electricity, in so
far as it consists of the combination of a counter, differenti al gear, and the
movable friction piece, is equally applicable to the measurement of engine power,
or the other purposes of my invention.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Arthur George Meeze in the Patent Office on the 28th June
1884.
ARTHUR GEORGE MEEZE of Redhill in the County of Surrey
"
MEANS FOR MEASURING AND CONTINUOUSLY RECORDING PHYSICAL POWER
IMPROVED
"
My Invention relates to improved means for measuring and recording physical
power whereby I achieve results of great utility and economic value such for
example as the measurement or meterage of the power given out by steam, gas,
water, hot air or other engines worked by fluid pressure; the power transmitted
through revolving shafting or communicated by driving bolts from one revolving
shaft to another, the quantity of electrical energy passed through an electrical
conductor, the power exerted by winds or other fluids in motion, and thence
indirectly the quantity of such fluid passed through pipes or other conduits.
In the accompanying Drawings I illustrate the means which I have devised for
carrying my Invention into effect, and the mode of adapting the Invention to a
variety of useful purposes such as those above indicated.
In Sheet I Fig: 1 is a sectional elevation of my integrating mechanism adapted
to measure and record the work done by a steam engine.-In this arrangement the
effective pressure at every part of the stroke, being one of the functions to be
integrated, is ascertained by means of an auxiliary steam cylinder and piston.
Fig: 2 is a plan of the integrator on the line 1, 2 of Fig: 1; Figures 24 and 2B
are detail views thereof; Fig: 3 is a single spring arrangement which may replace
the pair of springs shewn in Fig: 1 as limiting the motion of the auxiliary piston.
In Sheet II Figures 4 and 5 also illustrate in sectional side and front elevations
my integrator as adapted to measure and record the work done by a steam engine,
the variations in steam pressure being ascertained in this arrangement by its
tendency to twist a rod; Figures 6 and 7 illustrate the Invention in elevation and
plan as adapted to measure and record the work done by a driving belt, its velocity
and effective tension being integrated by my machine.
In Sheet III Figures 8 and 9 illustrate the integrator as adapted to measure the
power transmitted through revolving shafting.
Fig: 10 is a diagram elevation showing how the integrator may be adapted to
measure and record the work done in the traction of wheel carriages.
In Sheet IV Figures 11 and 12 illustrate in sectional elevation and plan view
respectively the integrator adapted to measure and record the work done by an
electrical current, i.e. to the meterage of electrical energy; Fig: 13 is an alternative
arrangement in lieu of the solenoid and lever arm shown in Figures 11 and 12.
In Sheet V Fig: 14 is a plan view and Fig: 15 a front elevation of an
arrangement of apparatus constituting a variation of my Invention by which the
meterage of the electrical energy expended between any two points of a conductor
may be effected by means of the difference in velocity between the tight and the
loose sides of an elastic extensile driving belt.-In this arrangement the main and
secondary axles of my integrator are simplified in construction and placed in a
different relative position so that the principal driving belt of the integrator may
be diverted over pulleys in connection with a known differential device which
in this case is made to take the place of the epicyclic train in the integrator above
described.
Fig: 15 shows in diagram plan view a combination of an electric motor,
differential gear and friction disc.
In Sheet VI Figures 16 and 17 illustrate in plan and front elevation a similar
arrangement of differential gear as applied indirectly to the meterage of water

page_text: according to my Invention, and in Sheet VII Figures 18 and 19 show in sectional
elevation and partial plan respectively the adaptation of my epicyclic integrator to
a similar purpose.
According to one part of my Invention I effect mechanically the integration of
two functions and record the product continuously upon a dial.-The construction
and arrangement of integrating dynamometer or dynamical integrator by which
I achieve this result is best shewn in Sheets I and II and is as follows: I mount a
main shaft or spindle A so as to turn freely in suitable bearings. One part of this
spindle I connect by a cogwheel or other suitable means with a counter C composed
of a train of decimal wheels and a dial plate whereon the number of revolutions
or parts of a revolution of the said spindle may be recorded.-Upon another part
of this spindle A I key or otherwise securely fasten a small cogwheel a and upon
opposite sides of this cogwheel I mount pulleys B B' which are arranged so as to
turn freely upon the main spindle. The face of the pulley B that is turned
towards the cogwheel a carries one or more, by preference two, projecting arms
which serve as stud axles for secondary cogwheels or pinions 6 b turning freely
thereon and at the same time running in gear with the cogwheel a upon the main
spindle A. The pulley B¹ carries a cogwheel which is larger than either of the
others and furnished with internal or hypocycloidal teeth b¹ cut to gear with the
small or secondary cogwheels b b described as mounted on the stud axles which
project from the face of the first pulley B.-The whole is thus arranged in gear to
form an epicyclic train from which it will be obvious that if the first described
pulley B be driven while the second pulley B¹ is kept fixed, the main axle will be
caused to rotate in the same direction, though not with the same velocity as the
moving pulley. And it is also evident that if the first pulley B be fixed and the
second pulley B¹ be driven, the motion of the main spindle A will be retrograde.-
If therefore both pulleys be driven in the same direction, with a certain determinate
difference of velocity depending upon the relative diameters of the cog wheels
forming the epicyclic train, the main axle A will remain at rest. Any variation in
this fixed ratio due to retardation or increase in the velocity of either pulley will
however cause the main spindle to rotate and the amount of this rotation will be
recorded upon the dial plate of the counter C.
On another part of this same machine I mount in suitable bearings a second
axle or spindle A' the end of which terminates in a flat circular disc D or its
equivalent (e.g, a cone). Against the face of this disc or its equivalent I cause to
be pressed a moveable friction-piece d actuated and controlled in a manner to be
described hereafter.-Upon this secondary axle A¹ I mount two pulleys E E¹
suitably grooved, and when necessary roughened or lined with wood india-rubber
or other suitable material for the purpose of ensuring the proper grip of the bands
or belts by which they are driven.-These pulleys E E¹ are securely fixed so as to
turn as one with the secondary axle A¹, and are placed in mechanical communication
with the pulleys B B¹ upon the main axle by means of a pair of driving belts e e¹
which run in the said grooves, and in similar grooves cut in the pulleys that are
mounted upon the main axle A.-One of these driving belts e I make of any
suitable elastic extensile material.-By preference I use a belt made of metallic
wire wound into a long spiral spring and united at the ends by suitable connections
so as to form a continuous elastic driving belt.-The other e¹ may be either a
similar elastic extensile belt to the last, or an ordinary inelastic belt of leather
gutta-percha or other suitable material, or may be entirely replaced by equivalent
gearing. In general I make the pulleys B B¹ and E E' above described of such
relative dimensions that when one of the pulleys, say B¹, upon the main axle A is
caused to rotate, it will communicate motion to the secondary axle A' through the
elastic extensile driving belt e, and thence by the other belt e¹ to the other of the
two pulleys, say B, upon the main axle, in such wise that the difference in velocity
between the two pulleys of the main axle, acting through the epicyclic gear
described above serves to keep the said main axle at rest.

page_text: When I employ the above described integrator for the measurement of engine
power I cause one of the two pulleys on the main shaft, and preferably the pulley B'
which carries the cog wheel with the internal gear b', to be driven by a belt or
other gearing F from some moving part of the engine, by which means I ensure
that the velocity of this pulley is always proportional to the velocity of the working
parts of the engine.-This pulley B¹ communicates its motion to the secondary
shaft A' of the integrator by means of the elastic extensile belt e, and thence by
the means provided, to the second pulley B on the main axle.-The secondary
shaft of the integrator carries as before described at one extremity a flat faced disc
or its equivalent D, against which is pressed a moveable friction-piece d―The
pressure of the friction-piece is capable of adjustment by means of a flexible arm or
spring d' and normally the friction-piece is kept pressed against the disc at its
centre, or at the apex of the cone when the latter is used instead of the disc, but is
arranged so as to be free to move uniformly over its surface away from the centre.―
When employed for the measurement of engine power this friction-piece is suitably
connected with some kind of flexible or moveable diaphragm or its equivalent, the
displacement of which from the normal position is always proportional to the
difference of pressures upon the opposite sides of the engine piston.-I accomplish
this result in various ways.-In one form I employ a miniature steam cylinder G
see Fig 1, both ends of which may be placed in communication with the ends of
the engine cylinder while the motion of its piston g is restricted by one or more
spiral springs gl (see Figures 1 and 3) as in the ordinary steam engine indicator.―
The displacement of the miniature piston g is thus proportional at every instant to
the effective steam pressure in the engine, and the motion of this piston I
communicate either directly or through multiplying link-work to the friction-
piece d and thus cause the latter to be displaced from the centre of the disc D by
an amount always proportional to the effective pressure.
A simple means for effecting the displacement of the friction-piece d, practically
in proportion to the variations in steam pressure, consists of a rack gå on the rod of
the miniature steam piston gearing into a sector rack d² on the end or hub of the
pivotted spring arm d' as represented in Fig: 1.
In this arrangement it will be seen the path of the friction piece is not strictly
radial, but by suitably adjusting the length of the pivotted spring arm d', and the
size of the friction-piece the resulting error may, in accordance with well known
mathematical principles, be reduced to any assignable minimum.-It will be
understood that the single spring arrangement shewn in Fig: 3 may be used to
replace the double spring arrangement of Fig: 1, for adjusting the position of the
miniature piston g.
In Figures 4 and 5 I have shown another way of obtaining an indication of the
steam pressure as a factor in integrating the power exerted by an engine.
In this case the friction-piece d is actuated by the pressure of the steam on a
blade g which effects the torsion or twisting of a rod g¹ which rod it is evident
might be replaced by a spring or springs. I have marked these parts g and g¹
respectively, as they are the precise mechanical equivalents of the piston and spring
above described.
As indicated by the arrows in Fig: 5 the cylindrical vessel G is connected with
both ends of the main cylinder of the engine, and its blade or piston g is alternately
subjected on opposite sides to a pressure of steam varying with the variations of
steam pressure before and behind the main driving piston.-An arrangement for
controlling the motion of the friction-piece somewhat analogous to the device
adopted in the ordinary aneroid barometer for indicating pressures might also be
used. For the same purpose also I might use a somewhat flattened bent tube as
in the ordinary fluid pressure gauge.
The action of my improved integrating dynamometer when used as an engine
power meter is as follows:-
The pulley B¹ on the main axle A of the integrator is caused to rotate as described

page_text: above at a velocity always proportional to that of a suitable moving part of the
engine. The secondary shaft A' of the integrator and its attached disc D being
connected with the main axle through the elastic extensile driving belt e, will then
also be caused to rotate.-The velocity of the secondary shaft and its friction disc D
will depend however, not only on the relative sizes of the driving and the driven
pulley, but in consequence of the driving belt e being elastic and extensile, it will
depend also upon the work which the secondary shaft is required to do, for it, is
well known that when power is transmitted from one revolving shaft to another b
means of elastic extensile belting the difference of velocity between the tight and
the slack parts of the belt is proportional to the power transmitted from the one
shaft to the other, and that consequently the difference of velocity between the
driving and the driven shaft is a function of the work done by the one shaft upon
the other. Thus if in the normal position of the friction-piece d the diameters of
the pulleys B B¹ and E E¹ are such that the main axle A. of the integrator is at
rest, the ratio of the velocity of the driving pulley B₁ on the main axle A to that
of the pulley E on the secondary axle A¹ will be a certain determinate amount.-
If now the friction-piece d be moved over the surface of the disc D away from its
centre the velocity of the shaft A¹ carrying the disc will be diminished by an
amount proportional to the extra work done, which obviously increases with the
distance of the friction-piece d from the centre of the disc D.-The absolute
retardation of the secondary axle A' as shown on the dial plate of the counter C
will thus depend upon two variables (1) the velocity of the piston and (2) the
effective pressure thereon; and will therefore be at once a measure and a record of
their product, i.e. of the work done by the engine.
When I employ this machine to measure the power transmitted by driving belts,
I drive the pulley upon the main shaft of the integrator by a belt or other suitable
gearing at a rate proportional to the velocity of the driving belt whose working
power is to be measured and I cause at the same time the difference in tension
between the two parts of the said belt to displace the friction-piece d from its
normal position For this purpose I deflect the driving belt over guide rollers
attached to a movable frame and a suitable spring, the said frame being connected
with the friction-piece d. In this case the functions integrated by my machine are
(1) the velocity of the belt and (2) the difference in tension between its tight and
slack sides; that is the machine measures the power transmitted by the belt.
This arrangement is illustrated in Figures 6 and 7. In this case H is the driving
belt whose velocity and varying tensions are to be integrated for the purpose of
ascertaining and recording the power transmitted by it, this belt passes between a
suspended frame fitted with pulleys and attached by a cord or chain to a spring
pull g' from which an arm carrying the friction-piece d projects
The suspended frame is counterbalanced by a weight g³. In this arrangement
the variations in tension of the upper part of the driving belt H, may be regarded
as equivalent to the variations in steam pressure in the main cylinder, and the
suspended frame on which this variation in tension acts may be considered as the
equivalent of the pistons or blades gg shewn in Figures 1 4 and 5, and the said
frame has been lettered correspondingly.
It will be observed that in this arrangement for actuating the friction-piece & the
said friction-piece describes a straight and truly radial path on the surface of the
disc D instead of following a slightly curved path as in the previous examples.
A modification in the construction of the arm for holding the said friction-piece
may also be noticed. Instead of a flexible spring arm d¹, a rigid arm and a spiral
spring dare used as shewn in Figures 6 and 7, thus enabling the pressure of the
friction-piece d to be adjusted in substantially the same manner and with as much
exactness as with the spring d¹.
When I employ this machine to measure the power transmitted through a
revolving shaft I drive the pulley B¹ upon its main axle A by a belt or other
suitable gearing at a velocity proportional to that of the revolving shaft, and at the

page_text: same time I cause, by means of a spring coupling or its equivalent, the friction-
piece d to be displaced from its normal position by an amount proportional to the
strain passing through the shaft. Thus my integrator measures and records both
the strain transmitted by the shaft, and its velocity; that is the total power passed
through it.
This arrangement is illustrated in Figures 8 and 9 of the Drawings. The spring
pulfi device g¹ is similar to that shewn in Figures 6 and 7, as is also the method of
mounting the friction-piece d. The shaft through which the power is transmitted
is fitted with the device well known as White's or the American Dynamometer.
There are however several other known forms of spring coupling or indicating
dynamometer, that would equally well serve my purpose. In this case the shaft
is divided into two lengths I I*, the pulley B¹ of the integrator being driven as
before by a band F from that part of the shaft marked I.
Keyed to the adjacent ends of this divided shaft are the bevil pinions i and
mounted to rock transversely on or around the extremities of the divided shaft
between the said pinions is a lever arm J, on which are mounted loosely the bevil
pinions of equal size to and in gear with the bevil pinions ii.
jis a counterbalance, and a grooved sector guide over which the cord j^ for
raising the spring pull g' passes. The two portions of the driving shaft rotate in
rigid bearings and when the part I is driven the other half of the shaft I* will be
caused to rotate through the bevil gearing i j¹ with a similar velocity. When
however the part I* of the shaft is caused to do work its pinion i tends to form a
fulcrum round which the pinions; will travel to a position of equilibrium
turning in their course the lever J on its transverse axis and putting a pull on the
cord proportionate to the working strain transmitted by the shaft I*.
The pulley B' of the integrating dynamometer is driven by the shaft I and its
friction-piece d is caused to move away from the centre of the disc D in proportion
to the oscillation of the lever J and thus the instrument is caused to integrate and
continuously record the varying velocity of the driving shaft and the varying
strain put upon it in doing its work.
My integrating dynamometer may also be applied (as shewn diagrammatically
in Fig 10) to integrate the strain on the couplings of a wheel carriage (e.g. a train)
under various conditions of gradient load &, and the running speed. As appears
from the diagram the pulley B¹ of the integrator is driven as before at a speed
proportionate to some moving part of the carriage whose traction is to be measured
and its friction-piece d is caused to move away from the centre of the disc D in
proportion to the strain on the couplings. Thus the integrator effects the meterage
of the work done in traction.
For the meterage of electrical energy I may arrange my dynamical integrator
in combination with electrical apparatus as shewn in Figures 11, 12, and 13.
K in Figures 11 and 12 represents a small electric motor consisting of a field
magnet wound with a short length of large well-insulated conducting wire
through which the whole or a known portion of the main current passes with
trifling resistance. The armature may be of any known good and suitable
construction, by preference I use a small Gramme or Pacinotti ring wound with
a great length of fine insulated conducting wire of high resistance. This wire
I prefer to make of German silver which metal is little subject to variation in its
electrical conductivity with changes of temperature. The armature I prefer to
work on a "shunt or "bye pass" circuit, for which purpose I connect the
commutator springs with any two points x y in the main circuit between which
I wish to measure the electrical energy expended. The effective pull of the field
magnet upon the armature is thus made proportional to the product of the main
current into the difference of potential between these points, that is into the
electro motive force available by the user, and is therefore proportional to the
electrical energy to be measured. This electric motor I cause to drive the pulley B¹
"

page_text: of my dynamical integrator by a belt F as shewn in Figures 11 and 12; I may
however instead of using a driving belt as shewn, employ cog-wheel, or other
equivalent gearing. The integrator being thus driven by the above described
motor I cause the secondary axle A¹ of the integrator to do work in various ways
and by the quantity of work thus done and recorded upon the dial plate, I effect
the meterage of the electrical energy of the circuit
In Eigures 11 and 12 I show a device of known construction arranged so as to
cause the friction-piece d of the integrator to move over the face of the friction
disc D, whereby the work done and recorded by the integrator is more or less
according as the electrical energy of the circuit is more or less. In this arrangement
the friction-piece d is connected by means of an arm & with a beam J free to move
on a stud axle I. From one arm of this beam J I suspend a moveable core L, and
from the other a counterpoise j which counterpoise may if desired be replaced
by a suitable spring. The core is composed of an upper and a lower section of
fine insulated German silver or other conducting wire wound in opposite directions,
and forming a shunt circuit of high resistance connecting the points x and y on
the main circuit between which the electrical energy expended is to be measured.
This core may or may not as desired form one continuous circuit with the
armature of the electric motor. The main current, or a fraction thereof, passes
through a stationary solenoid L' composed of an outer and an inner coil and l¹
of large insulated conducting wire wound in the same direction. To intensify the
action of the solenoid the coils may be wound in and on iron as shewn. The
moveable core L being suspended in or between the coils of the stationary
solenoid L, as shewn in the drawing, acts as a galvanometer needle, and is
displaced more or less according as the electrical energy of the circuit varies, thus
causing the friction-piece d of the integrator to move over the face of the friction
disc D, and so vary the amount of work done through and recorded by the
integrator. Instead of the above described electric motor I may use clockwork
to drive the one pulley of the integrator uniformly, which clockwork may be
driven or controlled electrically in many known ways. I however prefer to use
the electric motor as described and by a relatively great increase in the pressure
of the friction-piece to place the said motor under the control of the variable
brake power exercised by the friction-piece upon the integrator disc D, which
arrangement it will be perceived is identical in principal with the previously
described methods of using the integrator though the effect produced is of a
somewhat more complicated character.
Sometimes I modify the arrangement as shewn in Fig 13 by causing the secondary
axle A¹ of the integrator, with or without the disc attachment and friction-piece, to
do work in other ways, as in overcoming a resistance introduced by fluid friction,
or in moving a conductor through a magnetic field such that the work done shall
be proportional to the electrical energy to be measured. Thus I may replace the
friction-disc D by a metallic disc revolving between the poles of an electro magnet
around which the main current or a known fraction thereof passes, or by a
cogwheel D* or other geared connection with the axle of a second electric motor
(as shewn in Fig 13) similar to the motor described above. In this arrangement I
cause one of these electric motors to do work through the integrator upon the other,
which work varies more or less with the energy of the electrical current passing in
the circuit. In some cases one of the motors may be driven by the other entirely
as a dynamo machine, but in general it is best for the motors to be arranged to
act differentially so that one does work upon the other at some convenient rate.
Thus when I use the combination shewn in Figures 14 and 15 I cause the main
current or a known fraction thereof to divide into two portions, one part of which
passes round the field magnet of the one motor, say K and the other part round
the field magnet of the other motor, say K¹. These portions of the main current
then unite and continue as before their temporary division. By introducing an
electrical resistance R in a well known way into either of these branch circuits the

page_text: power of the field magnets and therefore of the motors K K¹ may be fixed in any
convenient ratio. The high resistance armatures may either form one continuous
shunt circuit between the points X and Y between which the electrical energy is
to be measured, or be worked independently. By suitably adjusting the directions
and the relative resistance in the two branches of the main current round the field
magnets they may be arranged so that neither motor does work upon the other.
By altering this ratio one may be made to do work upon the other at a rate fixed
as regards the instrument, but varying more or less with the energy of the current,
which is thus measured and recorded.
In this modification of my Invention I may employ in lieu of my integrating
dynamometer previously shewn and described, an arrangement of pulleys m m³ m² m³
and differential gear i¹¹ in combination with a single continuous elastic extensile
driving belt for transmitting the power of the one motor K to the other K¹,
diverting the said belt over the pulleys above described, as clearly shewn in
Figures 14 and 15 of the Drawings. When the resistances are so adjusted that
neither motor does work on the other, the needle of the counter C will remain at
rest, but when one motor say K. is caused to do work on the other K¹, the band
passing from the pulley m to the pulley m³, will be tightened and will move faster
than that portion passing from the pulley m³ to the pulley m.
The pulley m and its pinion will therefore move more slowly than the
pulley m² and pinion i, and the latter pinion will cause the pinions jj₁ whose stud
axles are fast on the spindle A to creep round the pinion as a fulcrum, and will
cause a rotation of the said spindle and a corresponding continuous deflection of
the needle of the counter C so long as the motor K is doing work upon the
motor K. This differential arrangement of the electric motors may also be used
in combination with the friction disc D, it being retarded more or less according to
the variation in current energy between the points X and Y by a solenoid or its
equivalent as above explained
A diagram of this combination is shewn at Fig 15°
Generally in any of the above described arrangements in which an electric motor
is made to do work, the amount of which work is more or less according as the
energy of the electric current passing in the circuit increases or diminishes, I may
effect the meterage of the said electrical energy by means of my dynamical
integrator. Thus if the power of the motor is transmitted by an ordinary inelastic
driving belt, I may measure the work done as in Figures 6 and 7 Sheet II. The
particular case in which the driving belt is elastic and extensile I have already
described in combination with a special device above. When the power of the
motor is communicated through a revolving shaft I may use my integrator as shewn
in Figures 8 and 9 Sheet III.
For metering the power exerted by winds or other fluids in motion I replace
one or both of the electric motors as described above by a suitable fluid motor or
motors, as for example by the cups of the ordinary anemometer. These I may
make of different powers and cause one to do work upon the other, or I may
substitute for one of these motors the friction disc device described above, and
regulate the position of the friction-piece on the disc by the pressure of the fluid on
a vane controlled by a spring.
For measuring the quantity of a fluid passed through pipes or other conduits, I
cause the main supply pipe to divide into two branches of different diameters, or
control the passage of the fluid by cocks in such a manner that more of the fluid
shall flow through one branch than through the other. These branches may again
unite. In each branch I place a motor driven by the fluid in passing, and connect
them so that one of these motors shall do work upon the other and thus in the
manner above described for electricity, I measure the quantity of fluid passed
through the pipe.
This arrangement is illustrated in Figures 16 and 17.
motor engines of any suitable construction. The stream
M. M¹ are the two fluid
of water to be measured

page_text: is diverted into two branches say between the points X and Y, and each branch is
caused to drive a motor.
These motors are connected to the shaft of the counting mechanism by a single
continuous elastic extensile belt in the manner clearly shewn in the Drawing;
differential gearing similar to that already shewn and described with reference to
Figures 14 and 15 being interposed between the two motors. Thus arranged if
both motors move at equal speeds the upper band pulleys m² m² and their bevel
pinions will rotate at equal speeds in opposite directions, causing the other
pair of bevel pinions j¹ to rotate idly on their stud axles which are fast on the
shaft A. If however the velocity of the two motors is made to vary in a given
ratio, which may be easily effected by adjusting a cock or cocks R R¹ in the branch
pipes, and the motor M is caused to do work on the motor M¹, there will result a
difference in tension between the two sides of the band e passing around the fast
driven pulley m, and the upper pulley m² will be driven faster than the opposite
pulley m³.
When this occurs the pinions ; j' will creep round the pinion i¹, and
will cause the axle of the counting device C to turn, thereby moving the needle
over the dial. Thus indirectly through the work done I measure the quantity of
liquid passed.
Sometimes I employ only one fluid motor, and substitute the disc D and friction-
piece d for the other. In this case I cause the friction-piece to be moved under the
fluid pressure in a particular manner.
This arrangement is illustrated in Figures 18 and 19. The integrating apparatus
is precisely similar to that described with reference to the meterage of steam engine
power.
M is a turbine or water motor of the "Syren" class, and it is caused to drive
the pulley B' of the integrator by a band or belt F as described in the previous
examples, at a velocity proportional to the speed of the motor.
To vary the displacement of the friction piece d on the face of the friction disc D,
in suitable proportion, I employ an arrangement analogous to that used in Deacon's
water meter. Thus I cause the stream of water to flow past a valve g upheld by
a spring g', and connected by a rod with the friction-piece d.
In this case the friction-piece travels in a truly radial path over the face of the
disc D in proportion as it is depressed by the fluid acting on the valve.
The modification of my Machine described above for measuring electricity (in so
far as it consists of the combination of a counter, differential gear and a disc with
a traversing friction-piece) is equally applicable to the measurement of engine
power, and to the various other purposes of my Invention.
33
Having now described the nature of my Invention of "Improved means for
measuring and continuously recording physical power and explained in what
manner the same may be carried into practical effect I wish it to be understood
that I claim :-
First: The dynamical integrator hereinabove described with reference to
Figures 1 and 2 of the Drawings and consisting of the combination with the
spindle of a suitable counting device, of epicyclic gear, a secondary spindle
carrying a friction disc or cone driven by elastic extensile belting from a pulley
upon the first spindle and a friction-piece adapted to be moved to or from the
centre of the disc or cone, so as to retard and control the velocity of the secondary
spindle; by means of which apparatus may be effected the integration of two
variable functions, and consequently the direct meterage of divers forms of physical
power, and indirectly the quantity of water or other fluid passed through pipes or
conduits substantially as set forth.
Second: The combination and arrangement of apparatus described with reference
to Figures 1 to 5 inclusive of the Drawings for the meterage of the power given
out by steam or other engines worked by fluid pressure.
Third: The adaptation to the measurement of power transmitted by driving
belts, of integrating apparatus constructed and arranged substantially as shewn in

page_text: Figures 6 and 7 and consisting essentially in the combination with the spindle of
a counter C, of epicyclic gear, a second spindle A¹ carrying a friction disc or
cone D, a pair of belts e e', one of which is elastic and extensile connecting the
epicyclic gear with the said secondary spindle, and a friction-piece d controlled
by the tension of the driving belt so as to be displaced from the centre of the
disc or cone in proportion to the variations in effective tension of the said belt
substantially as set forth.
Fourth: The adaptation of my integrating dynamometer to the measurement of
the power transmitted through revolving shafting, as described with reference to
Figures 8 and 9 of the Drawings.
Fifth The use for measuring and recording transmitted physical power, of an
integrating dynamometer constructed as described with reference to Figures 1
and 2 of the Drawings, an essential feature of which integrator is a friction disc
or cone D and a friction-piece d arranged so as to be moved to or from the centre
of the said disc or cone in proportion to one of the functions to be integrated (the
pulley B¹ being driven at a rate proportional to the other function) in order to
ascertain the total energy expended or work done.
Sixth The adaptation to the meterage of electrical energy of dynamical
integrating apparatus constructed arranged and operating substantially as herein-
above described with reference to Figures 11 and 12 of the drawings.
Seventh The differential use of dynamical integrating apparatus for the
meterage of electrical energy as described with reference to Figures 11, 12 and 13
of the drawings.
Eighth: The combination with an electric motor doing electrical or other, work,
of an integrating dynamometer for the purpose of effecting the meterage of
electrical energy as described.
Ninth The means described with reference to Figures 14 and 15, for differentially
measuring and recording electrical energy.
Tenth The combination with electric apparatus K, counter O, differential
gear ij, j, and elastic extensile belting, of a friction disc D and a traversing
friction-piece d, the displacement of which friction-piece from the centre of the
disc is controlled by the electric current to be measured.
Eleventh: In dynamical integrating apparatus the combination of a traversing
friction-piece and a friction disc driven by elastic tensile belting, with differential
gear and a counter, substantially as described with reference to Fig: 15ª of the
.Drawings.
Twelfth The combination with a counter C and pair of fluid motors M M¹
adapted to be driven at different velocities, of pulleys, differential gear, and elastic
extensile belting, arranged in the manner and for the purpose described with
reference to Figures 16 and 17 of the Drawings.
Thirteenth The adaptation to the meterage of water of my dynamical
integrating apparatus in the manner described with reference to Figures 18 and 19
of the Drawings.
as
Fourteenth The combination with integrating apparatus constructed
described and fitted with a friction disc D and friction-piece d, of means for
driving the pulley B₁ of the apparatus from a motor worked or controlled by the
fluid in passing, and a valve or its equivalent arranged to displace the said friction-
piece and at the same time to vary the size of the outlet and regulate and control
the flow of the fluid, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Fifteenth The means hereinabove described with reference to the drawings, for
affecting and controlling, for the various purposes of my Invention, the velocity of
a shaft or pulley driven directly or indirectly through contact with an elastic
extensile driving belt; which control is of the nature of retardation, and is effected
by causing the said shaft or pulley to do work: (a) in overcoming the resistance
of a traversing friction-piece kept pressed against the surface of a revolving disc
or cone driven by or from the said shaft or pulley; (b) in overcoming the resistance

page_text: Meezes Means for Measuring and Continuously Recording Physical Power.
to motion experienced when an electrical conductor is moved to or from an electric
current or its equivalent; as when the said shaft or pulley drives a dynamo, or
causes a metallic disc to revolve between the poles of a magnet; (c) in overcoming
a resistance introduced by fluid friction, as when the said shaft or pulley drives
vanes or their equivalent immersed in a fluid.
In witness whereof I the said Arthur George Meeze have hereunto set my hand
and seal the twenty fifth day of June in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and eighty four.
ARTHUR G. MEEZE. (L.S.)