CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND MODE OF WORKING CALENDERS AND MANGLES USED IN FINISHING TEXTILE FABRICS." PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Wilson, of Patricroft, near the City of
Manchester, Engineer, and William Martin, junior, of Dundee, North
Britain, Calenderer, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION AND MODE OF WORKING CALENDERS AND MANGLES USED IN
FINISHING TEXTILE FABRICS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Wilson and
William Martin, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 14th August 1866.
We, ROBERT WILSON, of Patricroft, near the City of Manchester, Engineer,
and WILLIAM MARTIN, junior, of Dundee, North Britain, Calenderer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND MODE OF WORKING CALENDERS AND MANGLES USED IN
FINISHING TEXTILE FABRICS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in driving the upper and under revolving cylinders
of cylinder or roller calenders and mangles with toothed wheels, and so as to

page_text: give equal motion to the surface of each of the cylinders, whether two,
three, or more are used. On the axle of each cylinder a toothed wheel is
fixed, and when only two cylinders are used a carrier or driving wheel or
wheels gear into both of the said cylinder wheels, and are so connected
that an equal surface speed is given to both cylinders and a uniform depth
of teeth gearing maintained notwithstanding the constant varying distance
between their centres arising from the continually varying diameter of
the cloth roller placed between them. When three cylinders are used
the two under cylinders are driven by a pinion geared into the wheel of
each, and a carrier wheel or wheels gear into the wheel of one of the bottom
cylinders and the wheel of the top cylinder, and are so connected that
an equal surface speed is given to all three cylinders notwithstanding the
constant varying distance between the centres of the upper and two under
cylinders arising from the continually varying diameter of the cloth rollers
placed between them.
Another part of our Invention consists in the cloth rollers being independent
and removable when the web is finished, and replacing the same by another
roller ready with the cloth rolled on or beamed, and for the arrangement of
the apparatus for effecting the same:
Another part of our Invention in the operation of reversing or mangling is
in driving. the cylinder or roller on which the cloth is wound, instead of, as
at present, having the cloth roller worked by friction contact- with a driven
cylinder or roller.
Another part of our Invention consists in beaming the cloth cylinder or
roller in its place by a separate motion from that used in the finishing, and
with or without contact of any of the other cylinders or rollers. The pressure
is applied to the rollers of the calenders and mangles by hydraulic or other
suitable power.
The aforesaid improvements may be applied separately, or two or more
onlined
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Robert Wilson and William Martin, in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 14th February 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ROBERT
WILSON, of Patricroft, near the City of Manchester, Engineer, and WILLIAM
MARTIN, junior, of Dundee, North Britain, Calenderer, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the thirtieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
Robert Wilson and William Martin, junior, Her special license that we, the said
Robert Wilson and William Martin, the younger, our executors, administrators,
and assigns; or such others as we, the said Robert Wilson and William Martin,
junior, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION AND MODE OF WORKING CALENDERS AND MANGLES USED IN FINISHING
TEXTILE FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
Robert Wilson and William Martin, junior, our executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of our or their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent. :. 7
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Robert Wilson and William Martin;
junior, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement (that is to say) :-
Our Invention consists, first, in driving the upper and under revolving
cylinders of cylinder or roller calenders and mangles with toothed wheels, and
so as to give equal motion to the surface of each of the cylinders, whether
two, three, or more are used; secondly, in making the cloth roller independent
of; and removeable from the mangle, and replacing it by another roller with
the cloth wound on or beamed, and in the apparatus for effecting the same;
thirdly, in winding the cloth on the cloth roller of calenders and mangles
when in its place by gearing independent of the gearing for driving the
machine while mangling, either with or without contact of the other rollers
or cylinders'; fourthly, in driving the cloth roller directly by gearing in the
reversing operation known as mangling; instead of by the friction contact of
the other rollers or cylinders as heretofore in this operation; and, lastly, in the
mode of winding the cloth on the cloth rollers of mangles and cylinders to
prevent injury to the selvages.

page_text: And in order that our Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried into operation, we will proceed to describe the three accompanying
Sheets of Drawings, reference being had to the figures and letters marked
thereon.
* 7
On Sheet 1, Figure 1 is an end elevation, and Figure 2 a front view of a
roller mangle constructed according to our improvements..
:.
a is the lower roller revolving in fixed bearings, and the upper roller
revolving in moveable bearings which are guided in vertical slots in the
standards; c is the cloth roller which is placed between and turned round by
the friction of the rollers a and b. To the axles of the rollers a and b are fixed
the toothed wheels a¹ and 61, the motion of the former being transmitted to
the latter by the carrier wheel d¹ fixed on the shaft d, which passes through
segmental slots in the standards; the shaft d is connected to the axle of the
roller by the links e, consequently as the roller b is raised or lowered to
admit or remove the cloth roller c, or in proportion to the varying diameter of
the cloth roller, the wheels remain at a uniform depth of gear, and if the
rollers a and b are of the same diameter and the wheels a¹ and 6' have the
same number of teeth it is evident that the surface speed of the two rollers
will be equal. The roller 6 is raised and lowered and the requisite pressure
given to the cloth roller by water under pressure acting on pistons in the
cylinders k, or by screws, or weighted levers. The apparatus for removing
the cloth roller c from between the rollers a and b when the cloth upon it has.
been finished, and replacing it by another cloth roller consists of the following
parts: To the inner side of each standard is cast or fixed a ring f, see
Figure 2, and each ring supports the disc 9 with four slots; these discs are
cast with the toothed wheels g' gearing into the pinions h¹ on the side shaft h,
to which is also keyed the hand wheel h; the mode of operation is as
follows: When the mangle is at work the attendants place a cloth roller
ready beamed on the table i, and as soon as the cloth on the roller in the
machine is finished the driving power is thrown out of gear to stop the machine;
the attendants then raise the upper roller and push the ends of the beamed
cloth roller lying on the table i into the slots in the discs 9, and turn the hand
wheel round in the direction of the arrow; the pinions h' then move the
discs g in the direction of the arrow for one-fourth of a revolution, thus
bringing the finished cloth roller on to the table j and the cloth roller that bad
been lying on the table i between the rollers a and b; the upper roller b is then
lowered, and the machine is again ready for starting.
On Sheet 2, Figure 3 is an elevation of a three-roller mangle constructed

page_text: according to our improvements. This mangle is provided with two lower rollers
a, a, and they are driven at the same speed and in the same direction by the
driving pinion gearing into both the wheels a', and the motion from one of
the lower rollers a is transmitted to the upper roller 6 by the carrier wheel d';
as before described.
Figure 4 is an elevation of a calender constructed according to another
part of our Invention, which consists in the method of working mangles or
calenders by two separate and independent motions of different speeds. The
first or quick motion is for driving during the process of rolling, winding, or
beaming the cloth or web round and upon the mangling roller c; the second
or slow motion is for driving the machine during the process of reversing or
mangling, by which double driving motions not only is a great saving of time
effected without prejudice to the finish, but the pressure and tightness with
which the cloth is wound upon the mangling roller may be more varied at
pleasure. This improvement may be applied to any roller mangle or calender,
as shewn in Figure 4, in which view m is a belt passing around the pulley m¹
fixed on any convenient shaft; this belt drives another pulley c¹ attached to
the axle of the cloth roller c by a clutch box or friction, so as to act as a
working or loose pulley at pleasure. The second motion for use during the
reversing or mangling process may be applied to any roller of the machine in
the usual way. When the first motion is in operation the cloth or mangling
roller c should be suspended to the roller b by the links n, or by any of the
usual methods, clear of the other rollers, or at least clear of the roller driven
by the second or mangling motion. When the mangle or calender is made
in the manner hereafter described with reference to Sheet 3 it is necessary to
have the second or reversing mangling motion so arranged that it can be
thrown out of gear by clutch box or friction apparatus of the usual
construction.
The fourth part of our Invention is shewn in Figures 5 and 6 of Sheet 3;
and it consists in making the roller c, round which the cloth is wound or
beamed, into the main or driven roller of the mangle or calender, and so
mangling the cloth thereon by reversing the motion in the ordinary way to
obtain the finish called mangle finish. The other bowls or rollers of the
mangle or calender, two of which are shewn below and two above the cloth
roller c, may be left to revolve by the mere nip or friction of contact with the
moving roller immediately adjacent. In this method it is important to have
the mangling or driven roller c, above described, on an uniform fixed level,
which may be accomplished by making its bearings fixtures in the framing of

page_text: the mangle or calender. To the cloth roller c is fixed the wheel c, which is
driven by the pinion o¹ on the driving shaft o; the upper rollers or bowls
marked b, b, being suspended in the usual way, whereas the rollers or bowls
a, a, below the said mangling or driven roller c may have their pressure from
below by hydraulic power, as shewn, or by any of the usual methods or appa-
ratus inverted, and which pressure may be different in quantity from that
upon the upper rollers if desired. It is evident that the lower rollers may be
thus lowered altogether clear of the aforesaid driven or cloth roller when the
cloth is finished, and so allow the cloth to be freely stripped off by the usual
outside stripping roller. In beaming the cloth on the cloth roller by the usual
machinery the selvages are kept one over the other, or nearly so, and when
the cloth is being mangled the great pressure required in some cases injures
the selvages; now in order to obviate this defect we propose to give a slight
longitudinal motion to the stretching rails over which the cloth is guided in
passing to the cloth roller, or to the cloth roller itself; this may be accom-
plished by. mounting one or more of the stretching rails on a frame, to which
a slight to-and-fro motion is given by eccentrics, which are turned slowly
round by worm and wheel, or in any other convenient manner; the lateral
motion thus given to the cloth or to the roller causes the selvages to overlap
each other, and prevents the injury above referred to.
Having thus stated the nature of our Invention, and described the manner
of performing the same, we declare that we claim,―
First, the modes described, or otherwise, of connecting by toothed gearing
the rollers of mangles and calenders.
Secondly, the mode described of removing the finished cloth roller and
replacing it by another with cloth to be finished.
Thirdly, winding the cloth on to the cloth roller when in the calender or
mangle by gearing independent of that for driving the machine, as described
and shewn in Figure 4.
Fourthly, driving the cloth roller of mangles or calenders by positive
gearing and the pressure rollers by the friction of the cloth roller in the
reversing or mangle finish operation, as described and shewn in Figures
5 and 6.
Fifthly, the mode described of preventing injury to the selvages of cloth
when wound on the cloth roller of mangles and calendlers.
And, lastly, these Inventions and improvements are applicable to calenders
and mangles having two or any additional number of pressure rollers or
cylinders, and one or more cloth rollers, all of which may be simultaneously

page_text: worked; and, further, these Inventions and improvements may be applied
separately or two or more combined.
In witness whereof, we, the said Robert Wilson and William Martin,
junior, have hereto set our hands and seals, this Twelfth day of
February, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.