IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD AND MEANS FOR EFFECTING DISTRIBUTION OF FLUID IN MOTORS AND OTHER APPARATUS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Lloyd Wise, of 7, Whitehall Place, in the City
of Westminster, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD AND
MEANS FOR EFFECTING DISTRIBUTION OF FLUID IN MOTORS AND OTHER
APPARATUS." A communication from abroad by Charles Roux, of Paris, in
the Republic of France.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Lloyd Wise at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th June 1881.
WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of 7, Whitehall Place, in the City of Westminster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD AND MEANS FOR EFFECTING DISTRIBUTION OF
FLUID IN MOTORS AND OTHER APPARATUS." (A communication from abroad by
Charles Roux, of Paris, in the Republic of France.)
This Invention has for object improvements in the method and means for
effecting distribution of fluid in motors and other apparatus, and has reference to
a method of fluid distribution by three pistons mutually controlled without the
aid of intermediaries other than orifices, and conduits, and chainbers by which
the acting fluid passes. The regular distribution of the acting fluid and the
alternate propulsion of the pistons is effected by the motions of the pistons
themselves without the use of additional rods, connections, or articulations.
The arrangements whereby this method of distribution is carried into effect may
be applied in various apparatus, as, for examples, in motors actuated by compressed
air or steam, or water meters working under pressure. In the accompanying
Sheet of illustrative Drawings, which are shown by way of example, there is
represented a water meter constructed according to this Invention.
Fig. 1 is a developed vertical section following the broken line a, b, c, d, e, f, of
Fig. 2; Fig. 2 is a transverse section in line X, Y, of Fig. 1. A is the body of the
meter; B, B, the covers; S, M, & I, the pistons, each of which is grooved or
turned down at one or more places in its length to provide annular spaces between
it and the interior surface of the cylinder in which it works for the passage of the
fluid; u is a tappet which is struck by the piston I at each reciprocation, and

page_text: which actuates the counting mechanism in the box E; t, t, t, are said chambers.
The cylinders may be lined with copper or other suitable material.
Supposing the apparatus to be at work and the free piston I to be at the end of
its travel toward the left, the water entering by the orifice K passes to the upper
cylinders at V, V, VI, Vш At this instant it will be seen that from the relative
positions of the three pistons S, M, I, the passage of the water is blocked in the
chambers V, V, whilst by passing through the chamber V it acts on the face m
of the piston M, and through the chambers V and V' it comes to act at n on the
face of the piston I; at the same time the end of the cylinder where the pressure
is least is in communication with the exhaust conduit K, as shewn by the arrow,
and with the small interior orifices o, o', of which the one o communicates with
the chamber P the other o' with the opposite chamber a.
In this situation the piston S rests in equilibriumn; the piston M is acted on from
left to right by the pressure existing at m; and the piston I is moved to the right,
soon arriving at the end of its stroke and taking the position indicated in dotted
lines. Upon reaching this second position the piston I unmasks the orifico o
which is thus in communication with the part n, at the same time that the
orifice o¹ is put in cominunication with the exhaust conduit R. The pressure
consequently becomes less at x and greater at P; and the piston S moves from
right to left cutting the communication between the chambers V and m, and
opening that between V" and P¹. The pressure being thus diminished at m and
augmented at P₁, the piston M is in its turn pushed from right to left and the
entering water penetrates from V into n' by the conduit of communication,
whilst the part n by a similar conduit is put in communication with the exhaust
conduit R. The movement thus commenced continues alternately.
As is obvious various arrangements of apparatus can be constructed thereto on
the principle of the Invention, as hercinabovo set forth.

page_text: "
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Lloyd Wise in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
15th December 1881.
WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of 7, Whitehall Place, in the City of Westminster.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD AND MEANS FOR EFFECTING DISTRIBUTION OF
FLUID IN MOTORS AND OTHER APPARATUS." (A communication from abroad by
Charles Roux, of Paris, in the Republic of France.)
This Invention has for object improvements in the method and means for
effecting distribution of fluid in motors and other apparatus, and has reference to
a method of fluid distribution by three pistons inutually controlled without the
aid of intermediaries other than orifices and passages by which the acting fluid
passes. The regular distribution of the acting fluid and the alternate propulsion of
the pistons is effected by the motions of the pistons themsolves without the use of
additional rods, connections, or articulations, or of stuffing boxes.
The arrangements whereby this method of distribution is carried into effect may
be applied in various apparatus, as, for examples, in motors actuated by compressed
air, steam, or water, in puinps, or in water meters working under pressure.
Referring to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings,
Fig. 1 shews a longitudinal vertical section of a direct acting steam pump in
which the distribution of the actuating fluid is effected according to this
Invention.
Fig. 2 shews a transverse vertical section of a water meter in which the
distribution of the water is effected according to this Invention.
Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section developed in line x, y, z, of Fig. 2.
The same letters of reference indicate similar parts in each Figure whenever
they occur. A is the motor piston or measuring piston; B, the distributing piston ;
C, the preparatory or initial distributing piston; D, 'the inlet for the fluid (water,
air, steam, or gas, according to the nature of the motor or apparatus); C¹, escape or
exhaust passage for the same fluid; a, b, channels or passages in communication
with each other and with the inlet D, and which communicate or not, as the case
may be, with the channels or passages c, d, according to the positions of the
pistons B, C; a', 6', channels or passages in communication with each other, and
also with the sanie inlet D, and which also communicate or not with tho
channels c, d, according to the positions of the pistons B, C; E is a space or
chamber situated to the left of the preparatory piston C and forming a part of the
cylinder in which it moves; e is an orifice in the main cylinder of the apparatus,
it is unmasked by the piston A when it arrives at the end of a stroke towards the
left; E' is a space or chamber similar to E situated on the right of the preparatory
piston C; e, an orifice in the cylinder which the piston A unmasks when it arrives
at the end of its stroke to the right; G is a channel or passage affording commu-
nication between the space or chamber E and the orifice e in the cylinder =;
G¹, a channel or passage similar to G between the space or chamber E¹ and tho
orifice e¹.
The parts hereinabove indicated form the essential parts of this Invention to
whatever apparatus it may be applied. It is obvious that they will necessarily be
subject to variations in form and arrangement according to the apparatus with
which they are associated.
-
In the steam pump (Fig. 1) it is arranged with the object of diminishing the
condensation of the active steam by the adjacent water, that the exhaust steam
not only penetrates within the piston A, which is hollow, by the orifices f,f, but,
further, that by the orifice g the space H, H, and the conduits or passages h, h,
it surrounds or jackets the cylinder and its covers and then escapos by the
conduit C',

page_text: It will be seen that in consequence of the absence of any piston rod and of all
external moving parts in the pump the valves I and J, J, and 1' and J1, J', can be
placed very near each other at either end in the double chambers formed by tho
covers and in the axial line of the cylinder. This arrangement gives exceptionally
economical results in working, as it allows the impulsion of the moving column of
water in the suction pipe to be turned to useful effect. u, Fig. 3, is a tappot in
connexion with tho counting apparatus of the meter. It is struck and put in
motion by the piston at each end of its travel. t, t, aro receptacles for sand
and grit.
The operation of the distributing apparatus is as follows:-The actuating fluid
entering by the inlet D passes into the channels a, b, a', b', according to tho
relative position of the pistons A, B, C, the channels a, b, communicate or not, as
the caso may be, with the channels c, d. Supposing the parts to be in the positions
shewn in Fig. 3, the piston A will have just arrived at tho cud of its stroke to the
left and have uncovered the orifice e, thus permitting the actuating fluid to pass
into the spaco or chamber E and to force the piston C to the right.
This will place the passages a, b, in communication with the passage c, and at
the same time will stop the communication which existed between the passages
a, b', and the passages c, d. The actuating fluid will then gain access to the left
face of the piston B and force it to the right, thus opening a communication
through the passage b and the passago d to the cylinder at the left of the piston A.
The passages a, b, will at the same time be cut off from cominunication with the
right side of the cylinder which will now, by the passage d', communicate with the
exhaust channel C'.
By the influx of the actuating fluid the piston A is now moved from left to right
into the position shewn in dotted lines. As soon as the orifice el is unmasked the
actuating fluid enters the space or chamber E' and the piston C is forced from
right to left and admits fluid by the passage c¹ to the piston B which also moves
to the left, opening the passage to the cylinder and to the piston A, which is
thus carried back to the starting point, and the whole cycle of movements is
repeated. The operation is in the case of the pump illustrated in Fig. 1 similar to
that hereinabove described.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner in
which it is to bo or may be performed, as communicated to mo as aforesaid, I
would have it understood that what is considered novel and original, and is
therefore claimed as secured to me under the Letters Patent herein before in part
recited is,―
1. Effecting the distribution of fluid in motors and other apparatus, as above
mentioned, by means of three pistons which mutually control each other without
the aid of intermediaries other than the orifices and passages, substantially as
described.
2. The construction of pump, substantially as above described, wherein the
actuating fluid is distributed by three pistons which mutually control each other
without the aid of intermediaries other than orifices and passages.
3. The improved water meter constructed, arranged, and operating substantially
as described with reference to Figs. 2 and 3 of the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Lloyd Wise, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty one,