Improvements in the Manufacture of Double Fast Warp-pile Fabrics.
Year: 1896

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Double Fast Warp-pile
Fabrics.
OSCAR DREY, of Newton Street, Manchester in the County of Lancaster,
Merchant and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of warp-pile fabrics which are woven
double, or face to face, and its object is to ensure, more particularly in mohair,
worsted, wool, silk, and other similar fabrics, a fast, upright, and level pile surface.
In weaving Utrecht velvets and similar warp-pile fabrics singly, in a wire loom,
the pile is completed in two races in which the pile loops break pitch with each
other, and each pile-loop is bound in by four weft threads, or more exactly, two
consecutive pile-loops are bound in by eight consecutive picks which are held by
the ground warp threads in such a manner as to enable the picks to fulfil the
double purpose of acting as foundation weft and as pile carriers. This method
of weaving pile fabrics in the wire loom answers perfectly, but if it be attempted
to be used in weaving double fabrics face to face, it is well known that failure
results, the pile surface produced being crossed and pitted.
In proceeding according to my present invention, as hereinafter described,
I overcome this defect and produce a perfectly level and superior fast pile surface.
I still arrange, as in weaving Utrecht velvets, that the pile is completed in two
races in which the pile-loops break pitch with each other, and that eight con-
secutive picks shall hold two consecutive pile-loops; twelve picks, three consecutive
pile-loops, and in like proportion for other numbers of picks; but each individual
pile loop, instead of being held by four picks, is held by three picks only, the
fourth pick serving as a division between consecutive pile-loops. I also retain
the ground warps either in the same or in some other suitable form, their duty
being to be interwoven with the weft to form or produce a complete texture
which would still remain a texture even if all the threads other than the ground
warp and the weft were withdrawn. In conjunction therewith, I interweave
alongside the ground warp, as part of the cloth, other and separate warp threads
which I call "guide warps." These guide warps are for the purpose of placing
the weft in the positions required to carry the pile.
The guide warp is woven pick up and pick down, but a plurality of guide warp
threads may be used sectionally to complete the chain of pick and pick on the
surface of the foundation of the divided cloth, the remaining portions of the
guide warp or warps being disposed of by being floated upon the surface or back
of the foundation cloth.
The ground, pile, and guide warps may respectively be used singly or in
plurality, according to the nature of the cloth. That is to say, one or more of
each kind of warp thread may be arranged together.
.
T
AD 1900
W. E. HEYS & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Double Fast Warp-pile
Fabrics.
I, OSCAR DREY of Newton Street Manchester in the County of Lancaster,...
Merchant and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to the manufacture of warp-pile fabrics which are woven
double or face to face, and its object is to ensure, more particularly in mohair,
worsted, wool, silk and other similar fabrics, a fast upright and level pile surface.
In weaving Utrecht velvets and similar warp-pile fabrics singly, in a wire-loom,
the pile is completed in two races in which the pile loops break pitch with each
other, and each pile loop is bound in by four weft threads; or more exactly, two
consecutive pile loops are bound in by eight consecutive picks which are held by
the ground warp threads in such a manner as to enable the picks to fulfil the
double purpose of acting as foundation weft and as pile carriers. This method of
weaving single fabrics in the wire-loom answers perfectly, but if it be attempted to
be applied in weaving double fabrics face to face, it is well known that failure
results, the pile surface produced being crossed and pitted.
In proceeding according to my present invention, as hereinafter described, with
reference to the accompanying drawings, I avoid this result, and produce a
perfectly level and superior fast pile surface.
I still arrange, as in weaving wire-loom Utrecht velvets, that the pile is
completed in two races in which the pile loops break pitch with each other, and
arrange that eight consecutive picks shall hold two consecutive pile loops; twelve
picks, three consecutive pile loops; and in like proportion for other numbers of
picks; but each individual pile loop, instead of being held by four picks, is held
by three picks only, the fourth pick not being woven in with the pile, but serving
as a division between consecutive pile loops.
In the diagrams, Figures 1 to 6 inclusive, represent longitudinal sections of my
new fabric, supposed to be taken along the top cloth in the loom alongside
successive warp threads, except Figures 3 and 6, which are drawn to shew the two
pile warp threads respectively included in single races in both the top and bottom
cloths, that is to say, two pile warp threads in each race. Figure 7 shews a plan
view of the same weave in the top cloth only. I do not shew a plan view of the
bottom cloth, nor diagrams of the ground warp threads and guide warp_threads
therein, this being unnecessary as both the top and bottom cloths are, allowance
being made for their relative positions, woven exactly alike.
I retain the ground warp threads a, Figures 1 and 4, either in the same positions
as in ordinary wire-loom Utrecht velvets as shewn, or in some other suitable
forms or positions. The function of these threads is to produce a complete
texture by interweaving with the weft, which would still remain a texture even
if all the threads other than the weft and the ground warp were withdrawn.
In conjunction therewith, alongside the ground warp threads, I interweave as
part of the cloths, other and separate warp threads bb, Figures 2 and 5, which
I have called "guide warp threads." These guide warp threads are for the
purpose of placing the weft threads in the positions for holding the pile loops. As
shewn by Figures 2, 5 and 7, the guide warp threads are woven pick up and pick
down warp-wise, and any one weft thread passes either under all, or over all the
guide warp threads. In other words, the pitch of the guide warp threads is not
broken.

page_text: By reference to Figures 3 and 6, and to the plan Figure 7, it will be seen that.
each of the pile warp threads 1, 1, 2, 2", passes from the upper to the lower cloth
or the reverse, forming loops which are firmly bound in by three picks, first
in one cloth and then in the other cloth, once in each round and that between
successive loops there is, in each cloth, a pick of weft not interwoven with the pile.
The picks which are not interwoven, as shewn by the diagrams, are Nos. 1 and 5.
in each cloth as shewn by Figure 3, and Nos. 3 and 7 in each cloth as shewn by
Figure 6.
In the actual cloths it will be understood that the ground and guide warp
threads a and b, and especially the guide warp threads b, may naturally be.
straighter than indicated by the diagrams.
The ground, guide, and pile warp threads may respectively be used singly or in
plurality, that is to say, more than one thread of any of the kinds of warp may
be arranged together in the appropriate heald, instead of a single thread.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. As new articles of manufacture, fast warp pile fabrics woven face to face
in the loom, in which fabrics the pile is produced by severed pile loops each of
which is interwoven in one cloth by three weft threads and in the opposed cloth
by three other weft threads each loop being followed by a weft thread which is.
not interwoven with the pile but forms a division between two successive pile
Joops in the same race; in which fabric also the pile loops in any one race
break pitch with the pile loops in the contiguous races; and in which in addition
to a complete set of ground warp threads there are introduced pick and pick
guide warp threads which do not break pitch with each other; substantially as
herein before described and as illustrated by the accompanying diagrams.
2. As new fabrics, the new fast warp pile fabrics woven face to face in the loom
and constituted or composed substantially as and by the means herein before
described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 10th day of Manal AD 1007
W. E. HEYS & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.