Improvements in Forming Joint Connections on Copper Pipes and Fittings.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Mar., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 16th Nov.. 1893-Accepted, 16th Dec., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Forming Joint Connections on Copper Pipes and
Fittings.
I, JOHN CRAIG BLACK of the Firm of D. Brown & Co., Coppersmiths.
Campbell Street, Govan in the County of Lanark do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object to obviate risk of fracture due to the formation
of imperfect joints by brazing flanges or similar joint connections on copper pipes
and other copper fittings and to ensure perfect union of the metal of which the
flange or joint piece is composed with the copper of the piping or fitting whilst
also providing ineans for ensuring a tight joint when the pipes or fittings are con-
nected together. To that end I cast the flange or other connection in brass on to
the copper pipe or other copper fitting and for the purpose of ensuring proper
metallic union of the copper and cast metal 1 coat the copper around the parts
where the connection is to be made with tin, lead, antimony or other metal or alloy
capable of uniting with the copper to form an alloy or otherwise adapted to
facilitate the metallic union of the copper with the cast metal, the casting on of
the brass connection being effected in any suitable mould. Or in lieu of or in
addition to coating the copper pipe or fitting with a metal I may add a flux such
as borax or other material before or during the casting operation to free the
surface of the copper pipe or fitting from impurities and facilitate the desired
metallic union.
In forming joint flanges on copper piping for example I set over the end of the
pipe to form a narrow flange and after coating it with tin or the like I cast thereon
a flange of brass or other suitable metal. The formation of a partial flange on the
copper pipe provides not only a bearing surface to form a joint when desired but
also ensures a maximum of strength against end pressure or tensile strain.
In joining together lengths of piping where flanges are not desirable I may
either set over the ends of the piping where they are to be joined or slightly taper
them to fit one into the other or simply place them with their ends abutting and
then cast on a ferrule or collar of brass or like metal the ends of the pipes having
been coated or prepared as hereinbefore described. In forming a flanged or other
branch on a pipe or other fitting in like manner cast the branch piece on the
pipe or fitting with a collar or ferrule piece surrounding the pipe and subsequently
cut an opening through the pipe into the branch or I may cast the branch with the
ferrule piece arranged to embrace the open ends of two lengths of piping. The
form of the connection will necessarily depend on the nature of the fittings to be
connected but in every case the connection is made under my invention by casting
the connecting piece or attachment on to the copper pipe or fitting after pre-
paration of the surface thereof or whilst adding ingredients to ensure metallic union
of the copper with the metal as hereinbefore described.
Dated this 18th day of March 1893.
CRUIKSHANK & FAIRWEATHER,
62, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Agent-.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Forming Joint Connections on Copper Pipes and
Fittings.
1, JOHN CRAIG Brach of the Firm of D. Brown & Co., Coppersmiths,
Campbell Street, Govan in the County of Lanark do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:
This invention has for its object to obviate risk of fracture due to the formation
of imperfect joints by brazing Hauges or making similar joint connections on copper
pipes and other copper fittings and to ensure perfect union of the metal of which
the flange or joint piece is composed with the copper of the piping or fitting whilst
also providing means for ensuring a tight joint when the pipes or fittings are
connected together. To that end I cast the flange or other connection in brass on
to the copper pipe or other copper fitting and for the purpose of ensuring proper
metallic union of the copper and cast metal I coat the copper around the parts
where the connection is to be made with tin lead antimony or other metal or alloy
capable of uniting with the copper to form an alloy or otherwise adapted to
facilitate the metallic union of the copper with the cast metal the easting on of the
truss connectioning off in any itable rubl. Or in lion of or in addition
to coating the copper pip ar fitting with a metal I may add a flux such as borax
or other material before or during the casting operation to free the surface of the
copper pipe or fitting from impurities and facilitate the desired metallic union.
In forming joint flanges on copper piping for example and as illustrated by
sectional views at Figures 1, 2 an 13 of the accompanying drawings I set over the
end of the pipe A to form a narrow flange a and after coating it with tin or the
like cast thereon a flange B of brass or other suitable metal. The formation of a
partial flange a on the copper pipe A provides not only a bearing surface to form
joint when desired but also cusures a maximum of strength against end pressure
or tensile strain.
a
"
In joining together lengths of piping where flanges are not desirable I may as
indicated at Figure 4 either set over the ends at of the piping A. where they are to
be joined or slightly taper them to fit one into the other or simply place them with
their ends abutting and then cast on a ferrule or collar C of brass or like metal the
ends a of the pipes having been coated or prepared as hereinbefore described. In
forming a flanged or other branch on a pipe or other fitting as indicated at Figure 5
I in like manner cast the branch piece D on the pipe or fitting A with a collar or
ferrule piece of surrounding the pipe and subsequently cut an opening through the
pipe into the branch or as indicated at Figure 6 I may cast the branch D with the
ferrule piece arranged to embrace the open ends a of two lengths of piping A, or
ns indicated at Figures 7 and 8 an opening may be first made in the pipe A the
edges of the orifice slightly flanged and the branch D cast on so as to overlap
said flange the ferrule being either carried around the pipe as in Figure 7 or only
partly round it as in Figure 8. The form of the connection will necessarily depend
on the nature of the fittings to be connected but in every case the connection is
made under my invention by casting the connecting piece or attachment on to the
copper pipe or fitting after preparation of the surface thereof or whilst adding
ingredients to ensure metallic union of the copper with the metal as hereinbefore
described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed declare that what 1
claim is
1. Forming joint connections on copper pipes and fittings substantially in the
improved manner hereinbefore described.

page_text: 2. Forming joint connections on copper pipes and fittings by casting on the
connecting piece or attachment after preparation of the surface or during treatment
such as to ensure metallic union of the copper with the cast metal substantially as
described.
3. Forming joint connections on copper pipes and fittings by first coating the
surface of the copper with a suitable metal or alloy and subsequently casting on
the connecting piece or attachment substantially as described.
Dated this 15th day of November 1893.
CRUIKSHANK & FAIRWEATHER,
62, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Agents.