IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jonas Robertshaw, of the Firm of Thomas
Robertshaw and Son, of Forest Mill, Ovenden, near Halifax, in the
County of York, Manufacturers, for the Invention of " IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
Sealed the 25th September 1874, and dated the 25th March 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jonas Robertshaw at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th March 1874.
I, JONAS ROBERTSHAW, of the Firm of Thomas Robertshaw and Son,
of Forest Mill, Ovenden, near Halifax,, in the County of York,. Manu-
facturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM.
PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
"
"
-
This Invention relates to looms to be employed for weaving that class
of goods known as pellionies or saddle cloths, which have heretofore
been principally made by hand looms, but which we purpose to make by
power looms. The chief requisites in looms for this purpose are:-
Firstly. That the weaver or operator, shall be able to take the weight

page_text: off one or more of the warp beams at pleasure in order to allow of such
beam being casily turned round and the warp drawn off for forming the
fringe, with ready means for raising or lifting .one or more of the rows
of healds of such warp.
Secondly. That when the loom is stopped it shall be in such a position
that the slay shall have reached the extent of its backward motion, and
at the same time that none of the healds shall be raised, but all in their
parallel or natural position with the whole of the warp threads resting
on the "slay board."
"
The first of these objects I effect as follows:-The healds which
separate the warp or warp threads for forming the fringe are capable of
being worked both by the engine and by the ordinary "half moons
and "jack rods." On the ends of each of these "jack rods" is fixed a
cross bar or lever, to one end of which is attached a cord passing over a
pulley, the other end of whieh cord is fastened to the weighted lever of:
the warp beam. A counterbalance weight is also fixed to the same end
of the lever, the use of which will hereafter be described.
When the loom is working the end of the cross bar or lever nearest
the weaver is fastened by any suitable means, and remains inoperative,
but when the loom is stopped and it is necessary to draw forward the
warp to form a fringe the lever is unloosed, and the counterbalance
weight before referred to draws down the end of the lever to which it is
attached, and by means of the arrangement of cord and pulley above
referred to lifts the weighted lever, and so takes the friction off the warp
beam. At the same time by the moving of the "jack rod" and half
moons the portion of the warp for forming the fringe is. separated from
the remainder.
The second part of my Invention I effect by working the jacquard
apparatus from the low or tappet shaft, by which means the healds are
only raised once, while the slay beats up twice, and in conjunction with
this I employ the usual means for "picking the shuttle or causing it to
pass through the shed" once while the slay beats up twice.
At the ends and centre of the saddle cloth where the fringe warps are
not required to be interwoven with the body of the piece the healds of
these warps are kept stationary by causing the jacquard apparatus to be
moved round two cards instead of one. This we effect by arranging the
catches for turning the jacquard barrel in such manner that when one of

page_text: the catches has turned the barrel round one card the other comes into
operation to turn it another card, the needles being kept out of contact
with the barrel by a cord and weight or other equivalent means.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Jonas Robertshaw in the Great Scal Patent Office
on the 25th September 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JONAS
ROBERTSHAW, of the Firm of Thomas Robertshaw and Son, of Forest
Mill, Ovenden, near Halifax, in the County of York, Manufacturers,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Jonas Robertshaw, Her special
licence that I, the said Jonas Robertshaw, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Jonas Robertshaw, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, excrcise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Jonas Robertshaw, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and scals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the samo
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar monthis
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jonas Robertshaw, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
bo performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement and accompanying Sheet of Drawings:-

page_text: This Invention relates to looms to be employed for weaving that class
of goods known as "Pellionics" or saddle cloths, which have heretofore
been principally made by hand looms, but which I purpose to make by
power looms. The chief requisites in looms for this purpose are-
Firstly. That the weaver or operator shall be able to take the weight
off one or more of the warp beams at pleasure in order to allow of such
beam being easily turned round and the warp drawn off for forming tho
fringe, with ready means for raising or lifting one or more of the rows
of healds of such warp.
Secondly. That when the loom is stopped it shall be in such a position
that the slay shall have reached the extent of its backward motion, and
at the same time that none of the healds shall be raised, but all in their
parallel or natural position with the whole of the warp threads resting
on the slay board.
The first of these objects I effect as follows:-The healds which separate
the warp or warp threads for forming the fringe are capable of being
worked both by the engine and by the ordinary "half moons" and
"jack rods." On the ends of each of these "jack rods" is fixed a cross
bar or lever, to one end of which is attached a cord passing over a pulley,
the other end of which cord is fastened to the weighted lever of the 2
warp beam. A counterbalance weight is also fixed to the same end of
the lever, the use of which will hereafter be described.
When the loom is working the end of the cross bar or lever nearest
the weaver is fastened by any suitable means, and remains inoperative,
but when the loom is stopped and it is necessary to draw forward the
warp to form a fringe the lever is unloosed, and the counterbalance
weight before referred to draws down the end of the lever to which it is
attached, and by means of the arrangement of cord and pulley above
referred to lifts the weighted lever, and so takes the friction off the warp
beam at the same time by the moving of the "jack rod" and "half
moons" the portion of the warp for forming the fringe is separated'
from the remainder.
:
The second part of my Invention I effect by working the jacquard
apparatus from the low or tappet shaft, by which means the healds are
only raised once, whilst the slay beats up twice, and in conjunction with a
this I employ the usual means for "picking" the shuttle or causing it
to pass through the "shed" once whilst the slay beats up twice.

page_text: At the ends of the saddle cloth where the fringe warps are not required
to be interwoven with the body of the piece the healds of these warps
are kept stationary by causing the jacquard apparatus to be moved round
two cards instead of onç. This I effect by arranging the catches for
turning the jacquard barrel in such manner that when one of the catches
has turned the barrel round one card the other comes into operation to
turn it another card, the needles being kept out of contact with the
barrel by a cord and weight or other equivalent means.
In order. that the Invention may be more clearly understood I have
hereunto annexed one Sheet of Drawings shewing parts of a loom with-
my improvements applied thereto.
Fig. 1 is an end elevation, and Fig. 2 a front elevation of the same.
A, A, are the ordinary "jack rods;" B, B, are the cross bars or levers,
of which I have shown two in this case, (but any number may be employed
according to the number of beams required) because I employ two fringe:
warp beams C and D; E, E, are cords which pass over a pulley F, and
which are attached at the bottom ends to the ordinary weighted levers
of the warp beams; G, G, are counterbalance weights which are attached
to the same end of the levers as the cords E when the loom is working
the levers B, B, are held in the position drawn in full line by the hooks
H, H, which are hooked on to the projecting piece J, but when the loom
is stopped and it is necessary to draw forward either of the warps from
the beams C or D to form the fringe one of the levers is unloosed by the
weaver, and it then takes the position shown in dotted lines, the counter-
balance weight G actuating the same, operating the cord E, which lifts
the weighted lever of the warp beam, and so taking off the friction of
"the same, thereby allowing it to be casily turned round and the warp
drawn off.
When it is required to draw forward the fringe warps the loom is
stopped, and as it is necessary for the fringe warp to be raised, as before
described, the healds for operating the fringe warps are attached to
ordinary "half moons" K, as well as to the jacquards. When the loom
is working the lifting is performed by the jacquards, but as soon as the
loom is stopped the jacquards are also inoperative, and the "half moons
"

page_text: through the agency of the levers B and weight G lift the required fringe
warp. For the weaving of the ends of the saddle cloth, and which do
not require the fringe warp to be interwoven with the body of the piece
as has heretofore been done, I make one of the catches L of the jacquard
apparatus, which is worked from the low or tappet shaft L' longer than
the other, and arrange it in such manner that when the cord M. is
detached from the hook M' it will operate the barrel N just as the other
or shorter catch has turned it round one card and immediately turns it
another. I am thus enabled to obtain the ground surface without any
of the fringe warp being interwoven, as in every revolution of the barrel
the sides thereof (which if presented to the needles would operate tho
fringe warps) are passed over, and the body warp only operated or
lifted..
When it is required to form the middle or place where the saddle cloth.
is parted I attach a weight N' to the cord Q, or the same may be operated
by the weaver, and which cord is attached to one or more of the heald
wires of the healds which form the fringe and "stuffing" warps, but
by the cord pulling them out of contact with the barrel N the same
remain inoperative, and I am enabled to form a firm middle, the fringe
warps being securely fastened with the body of the cloth and the stuffing
warp caused to float or remain at the back of the cloth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jonas Robertshaw, have hereunto
set my hand and scal, this Twenty-fourth day of September, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.
JONAS ROBERTSHAW. (L.S.)
Witness,
WN. WHITEHEAD,
Clerk to W Tasker,
Patent Agent,
Halifax & Bradford.