matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING GRAIN, SEEDS, OR PULSE
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Arthur Biddell at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 5th July 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, GEORGE ARTHUR BIDDELL, of Ipswich, Engineer, do hereby declare
that the nature of my Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
CRUSHING GRAIN, SEEDS, OR PULSE" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in so arranging the rollers of mills or appa-
ratus for crushing grain, seeds, or pulse, that at starting they shall be
caused to revolve simultaneously. For this purpose the bearings of one
of the rollers is supported by slides which slide in slots in the side
framings of the machine, there being springs, or other mechanical
pressure, to press the roller carried by these slides or moveable bear-
ings towards the other roller, in order to keep the surfaces of the
rollers in contact wheu no grain or other matter is passing between
them, by which, when motion is given to one of the rollers, it will
communicate motion to the other by reason of their surfaces being in
contact. The distance to which the rollers may be forced apart is

page_text: regulated by set screws acting on the moveable bearings; and in order
to regulate the slide or feed regulator a lever carried by a pin is used
on the side of the hopper; one end of the lever has a curved slot or
groove into which a pin on the slide which regulates the supply from
the hopper to the rollers enters, and by moving the other end of the
lever to and fro the aperture may be increased or diminished with
great nicety.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GARMENTS FOR TRAVELLING
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry John Nicoll at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 5th February 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within
the time prescribed by the Act.)
I, HENRY JOHN NICOLL, of the firm of H. J. and D. Nicoll,
Regent St., do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GARMENTS FOR TRAVELLING" to be as follows:-
The object of my improvements in garments for travelling is that
of affording a dry seat to persons when in public vehicles, boating,
bivouacking, or otherwise exposed to the inclemency of the weather,
or liable to sit in damp places. It is very well known that sitting
damp or wet scat will frequently bring on painful diseases, to
say nothing of the minor evils of cold and rheumatism, or of the
unpleasantness of sensation caused by it; and yet nothing is more
common than. to find damp seats in railway carriages, cabs, and
other vehicles, while in yatching, steaming, or boating, every one is
necessarily exposed to the risk of having a wet seat, or no seat at
all. My improvement consists in placing in the back part of the
skirts of paletots, coats, wrappers, or like garments, a bag or cushion,
which, when inflated with air, forms a seat similar to the air cushion

page_text: or seat used by invalids, and in doing this in such a manner as to
enable travellers to inflate the bag without inconvenience, or ex-
citing observation. In most of the paletots and other over coats,
the back part of the skirts of the coat is not open, as in dress or
frock coats, except a little at the end; now I propose to place the
air bag between the lining and the cloth, just over the opening; a
small tube of india-rubber extends from the air bag into a side
pocket; thus it may be readily held to the mouth and inflated,
without taking off the coat. The wearer has only to rise a little,
and adjust the coat, when he has an easy and perfectly dry seat;
and he can enjoy this comfort without being taken for an invalid.
By raising the back part of the coat, the air cushion may be made
to give ease to the back or loins of the wearer; and to many
invalids this is needful.
Although air cushions are well known, the combination of an air
cushion with a travelling coat is quite novel.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN EXTRACTING AND TREATING THE JUICE OF BEET ROOT AND OTHER VEGETABLES
Year: 1853

page_text: with the application for Letters Patent was not given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philippe Joseph Toussaint
Bordone at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 8th December 1858.
I, PHILIPPE JOSEPH TOUSSAINT BORDONE, Medical Doctor, residing
in Paris, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " IM-
PROVEMENTS IN EXTRACTING AND TREATING THE JUICE OF BEET ROOT AND
OTHER VEGETABLES" to be as follows:-
In carrying out this Invention the substance to be operated upon is
introduced (either in the form of fresh pulp or previously dried and
pounded or reduced to small pieces) into an upright cylindrical vessel
having hemispherical ends, the bottom end being perforated to allow
the juice to flow out. This vessel is provided with a lining or filter of
woollen stuff, similar to those used in working presses, for the purpose
of preventing the fermentation of the juices. This woollen stuff is to
be removed after every operation. The vessel having been charged

page_text: with the vegetable substance desired to bo operated upon, steam is
to be introduced at a temperature of from 125° to 130° centigrade, by
which means the saccharine particles will be dissolved, and flow out at
the bottom of the vessel into a suitable receptacle. The steam being
introduced at this temperature will prevent the formation of diastase,
and the juico obtained will be in larger quantity and less liable to
fermentation than by the processes usually employed.
The juice on running from these vessels is treated with the quantity
of milk of lime necessary for its defecation; it is protected, moreover,
from fermentation by a permanent stratum of oil which floats on its
surface, and prevents it from absorbing oxygen from the air.
If it be desired to produce alcohol instead of sugar, 20 per cent. of
lukewarm bran water must be introduced to the pulp before the intro-
duction of the steam, which will cause fermentation much better than
any other known fermenting agents. By this means a great economy
will be effected, as the fermentation being more complete there will be
no danger of juices being thrown away still rich in sugar and alcohol.
In treating oleaginous matters, the water and steam must be intro-
duced at the bottom of the apparatus, by reason of the lightness of the
oil, and another advantage will be gained, viz., that the oil running off
with the water will become naturally purified, and will only have to be
decanted off.
In operating upon cereals the same advantages will be obtained, and
also the further advantages, that in making bread from the residue the
operation will be much shortened, as no grinding will be necessary, and
the bread will be more digestible and nutritious.
In treating edible substances according to this process a larger
quantity of alimentary matter will remain than when the ordinary
processes are employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PURSES, CIGAR CASES, RETICULES, BAGS, TOBACCO POUCHES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ludwig Frederick Her-
mann Christoph Knuth at the Office of the Commissioners or
Patents with his Petition on the 15th September 1853.
mann Christoph Knuth at the Office of the Commissioners or
Patents with his Petition, on the 15th September 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, LUDWIG FREDERICK HERMANN CHRISTOPH KNUTH, of the Old
Bailey, London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PURSES, CIGAR CASES, RETICULES,
BAGS, TOBACCO POUCHES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as follows:
My Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of purses,
cigar cases, bags, and other articles of a similar character, and has
reference more particularly to the description of purses, cigar cases,
&c. that are made with a metal frame surrounding the edges. My
improvement consists in making the sides or bodies of these articles
of an elastic material, so as to increase their capacity and durability.
The fabric I propose to use for this purpose is made of silk and cotton,
cemented together by a solution of caoutchouc, with a rib or web of
the same material, and afterwards corrugated or crimpled by being
passed through a machine. Instead of silk and cotton two pieces of

page_text: cotton may be thus united by caoutchouc, and afterwards passed
through a machine; or thin pieces of leather, or leather and cotton or
silk, may be similarly treated and employed. The submitting the
fabric to the action of a machine, consisting chiefly of a pair of corru-
gated or fluted rollers, causes both pieces to become incorporated, and
adds to their elasticity. Instead of rigid materials I propose to use the
material for purses and similar articles above described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS AND FURNACES FOR GENERATING STEAM
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Maudslay, of Lambeth, in the County
of Surrey, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BOILERS AND FURNACES FOR GENERATING STEAM."
Sealed the 9th November 1853, and dated the 12th September 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Maudslay
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 12th September 1853.
I, JOSEPH MAUDSLAY, of Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, Engi-
neer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BOILERS AND FURNACES FOR GENERATING STEAM" to be as
follows:-
Instead of the products of combustion passing off from the top of the
fire, as usual, I cause them to pass down through the fire into the ash
pit, and from thence through tubes or flues into the chimney, and when

page_text: needful, from want of sufficient draught, I employ an exhausting fan
in the uptake.
In carrying my Invention into effect the fire rests on hollow tubes
or chambers, through which water from the boiler circulates.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF CREATED LIQUIDS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Xavier Villict at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th March 1855.
(Foil by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, JOSEPH XAVIER VILLIET, of Boulevard du Temple, Paris, in the
Empire of France, and of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE PRODUCTION OF CREATED LIQUIDS" to be as follows:-
The Invention consists, firstly, in the placing for the production of
gaseous liquids prepared with carbonic acid, the tartaric, chloridric,
sulphurous acids, the chloreate bicarbonate of soda, by sulphate acid of
alumina, which I cover with sulphate of lime or silicate of magnesia
as a protecting powder.
Secondly, in uniting the lower and upper vessels forming the appa-
ratus A, by means of a middle picce X, having screws and a cock Z.
That ring is rendered air tight by means of a vulcanized caoutchoux
washer, provided, as well as the ring X, with a hole, through which
passes a brush made of hair to permit of the gas disengaged in the
lower recipient to pass into the upper vessel, and hereby replacing the
metallic tube and cork now generally used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATING SHAPTS OR REVOLVING METALLIC SURFACES
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Barclay at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
September 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, ANDREW BARCLAY, of Kilmarnock, in the County of Ayr, North
Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATING SHAPTS OR REVOLVING METALLIC
SURFACES" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the so arranging the journal bearings of
horizontal shafts that the bearing surfaces may be kept uniformily
lubricated, whilst the oil or lubricating fluid is prevented from escaping
from the frictional surfaces, and oil once supplied to the bearing
remains in good lubricating order until used up by wear. In carrying
out this Invention the shaft is formed with a projecting collar upon it
of the length of the intended bearing, and the brasses are formed to
suit this modification. Each brass extends considerably past each
edge of the collar, and is slightly turned out or recessed so that the
angles of the collar shall be slightly overlapped by the brass. Beyond
this overlap on each side the extension of the brass is hollowed out

page_text: internally to form an annular cup for the reception of oil, and these
edge cup pieces are well overhung and brought close to the plain
part of the shaft to prevent the entry of dirt. The inner face of the
upper brass is inclined downwards from each side towards the centre,
instead of being square across as usual; and the result is, that the oil
supplied from the top in the usual way is well spread over the frictional
surfaces, and flowing down it is caught by the annular cups of the
brasses, and retained therein for continued use. This continued use is
effected by the action of the bearing collar on the shaft, for as this
revolves its edges gather films of oil from the annular cups, and bring
up the oil so collected to the top brass. Here the revolving collar
edges apply the oil to the corresponding edges of the upper brass, and
owing to the duplex interior incline thereon the oil is thence conveyed
towards the centre of the bearing, whence it is well distributed over
the whole rubbing surfaces.. Instead of a plain collar projection, a
couple of rings may be set fast on the shaft so as to carry up the oil in
a similar manner.
CLEANSING, PREENING, AND REMOVING WOOL, FLOCK, WASTE, AND REFUSE FROM THE CARDS, TEAZLES, CYLINDER RAISING GIG, AND MACHINERY USED IN THE DRESSING OF WOOLLEN CLOTHS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPE
ION left by William Asquith and
Joseph Asquith at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 22nd April 1858.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
We, WILLIAM ASQUITH and JOSEPH ASQUITH, both of Bagley Mills,
Leeds, in the County of York, Cloth Dressers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "CLEANSING, PREENING, AND REMOVING
WOOL, FLOCK, WASTE, AND REFUSE FROM THE CARDS, TEAZLES, CYLINDER
RAISING GIG, AND MACHINERY USED IN THE DRESSING OF WOOLLEN CLOTHS,"
to be as follows (that is to say):
Our improvements, which have reference to an arrangement of
machinery or apparatus for the above mentioned purposes, consist,
firstly, in certain mechanical contrivances by which the outer surfaces
of the cards or teazles usually employed in cloth dressing machinery or
apparatus are cleansed during the time in which they revolve on the
cylinder raising gigs, or other cylinders or rollers, against which
the cloth to be operated upon is kept held during the process of raising
the nap or pile. In order to effect this purpose we employ a brush,

page_text: roller, or cylinder, mounted horizontally upon suitable bearings, in such
a position that the brushes upon its surface may continually act upon
the teazles revolving upon the cylinder raising gig, or other cylinder or
roller, as aforesaid, and may thus continually cleanse and free them
from any dust, dirt, or particles of cloth that may have accumulated
upon them.
Our Invention consists, secondly, in a mode of constructing the
cylinders for holding the teazles .in. such. manner that they may be
divided and sub-divided into compartments, by means of longitudinal
and transverse shelves, for the purpose of packing and removing the
teazles when required.
Having thus briefly described the nature of our said improvements,
we would have it understood that what we claim as new and of our
said Invention is, firstly, the construction and employment of a brush
cylinder or cylinders revolving in connection with the cylinders for
holding the teazles or cards, but at a greater velocity, for the purposes
described and set forth; and, secondly, the division and sub-division
of the cylinders for holding the teazles, by longitudinal and transverse
shelves or partitions, for the purposes described...
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PRODUCING LOOPED FABRICS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Ball, of Ilkeston, in the County of
Derby, Lace and Glove Manufacturer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PRODUCING LOOPED FABRICS."
Sealed the 27th April 1853, and dated the 10th February 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Ball at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 10th February 1853.
I, WILLIAM BALL, of Ilkeston, in the County of Derby, Lace &
Glove Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PRODUCING LOOPED FABRICS"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the manufacture of warp fabrics
by a new combination of machinery, which consists of forming the
needle frame which carries the needles circular, the needles being
fixed radially. The guide frames are also made circular, and the
guides being fixed so as to converge to the centre, and they are
caused to. lap their threads on the needles as their frame re-

page_text: volves; and one of the guide frames revolves in one direction, and
the other guide frame revolves in the opposite direction, by which
the fabrics produced will have the warp threads (in addition to their
being looped together) traversed across each other; and if additional
guide frames be used, then they will be subjected to rotation.
Each guide frame in its rotation carries with its own bobbins or
beams. And the chief peculiarity of this machinery is in its parts
rotating so as to produce traversed warp looped fabrics.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN CANDLESTICKS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Joseph Curtis at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 10th February 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within
the time prescribed by the Act.)
I, WILLIAM JOSEPH CURTIS, of 23, Birchin Lane, in the City of
London, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
CANDLESTICKS" to be as follows:-
In the socket of the candlestick I place a piece of metal or other
suitable material, fitting into the ferrule holding the candle, which
the end of the candle rests upon, which piece of metal, being
furnished with a screw, when the ferrule is turned round, forces the
candle up; or a plug being placed in the socket, the end of the candle
resting upon it, & the ferrule being raised when the candle is put
into the candlestick, by depressing or pushing down the ferrule, the

page_text: same object is obtained, this object being to use up the candle to the
very last. This apparatus applies to all candlesticks, whether pillar
candlesticks or those used in the parlour or dining room, or to bed
room candlesticks.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INSTRUMENTS FOR ASCERTAINING HEIGHTS AND DISTANCES, AND FOR LEVELLING
Year: 1853

page_text: with the application for Letters Patent was not given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ferdinand Denis Gibory at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 15th December 1858.
I, FERDINAND DENIS GIBORY, of Paris, in the French Empire
do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN INSTRUMENTS FOR ASCERTAINING HEIGHTS AND DISTANCES, AND FOR
LEVELLING," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a projecting and circumscribing ring
formed in a disc. In the ring is applied three eye pieces, one of which
is moveable, so as to be directed to different parts of the circum-
scribing ring, and it has a pointer; the other eye pieces are fixed. The
instrument is either to be supported and used in a horizontal or vertical
position. The disc is engraved with lines inclining from the eye pieces
to three openings in the circumscribing ring; the centre of each of such
openings is marked by crossed wires. The interior of the ring is
black.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DISTRIBUTING TYPE
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adrien Delcambre at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th November 1853.
I, ADRIEN DELCAMBRE, of Paris, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DISTRIBUTING TYPE "
to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is the distributing type by machinery.
For this purpose I place a page or column of type in a galley similar
to that used in printing offices at present, but provided with an arrange-
ment which enables me to collect several lines into one long line for
more convenient distribution. This long line of types is collected into
what I call a reservoir, which is placed at right angles to an inclined
plane more particularly described hereafter. This reservoir is made to
slide by the hand of the workman from right to left and left to right,
and is provided at the end nearest to the inclined plane with a piece of
mechanism which enables him to set a type free or separate from the
line when he finds that it is opposite the place of distribution into which
he wishes to guide the particular type.
The inclined plane is provided with numerous grooves corresponding
to the number of receptacles for the distributed type. In order, how-

page_text: ever, to give more room to the working of the mechanism worked by
the hand of the workman, there are two inclined planes placed one over
the other terminating in one common exit, so that although there is
only one horizontal row of receptacles there are two inclined planes one
above the other leading to the same horizontal receptacle. I further
provide a bar, which, by its vibration, (put in motion by a pedal or any
other motive power) causes the type in the receptacles to be pushed
forward to make room for succeeding types.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SUGAR RE- FINING
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Reyburn at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd December 1858.
I, ROBERT REYBURN, of Baker Street, Greenock, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SUGAR RE-
FINING" to be as follows:-
Heretofore in the filtration of syrups of sugar through animal char-
coal, it has been usual to continue the filtration through the same
portion of charcoal until the desired effect was no longer obtained, and
then entirely to renew the bed of charcoal. Now my Invention consists
in so arranging the apparatus that the portion of charcoal which is
most exhausted, that is to say, that which is nearest to the point where
the syrup enters, may be from time to time removed, and that fresh.
charcoal may be added at the end where the syrup escapes, so as to
supply the place of that which has been withdrawn, by which means the
syrups are at all times obtained as free from color as at the commence-
ment of the operation.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOATS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gonsal Auguste Hiacinthe
Justin Fremin at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with his Petition, on the 13th June 1853.
(Foid by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, GONSAL AUGUSTE HIACINTHE JUSTIN FREMIN, of 39, Rue de
l'Echiquier, Paris, France, and of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Gentleman, do hereby declare that the nature of the Invention for
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOATS" to be
as follows:-
The Invention consists in constructing steam boats with two keels,
one placed above the other in an opposite direction, and exactly similar;
one is immersed in the water, and the other in the atmosphere; all the
curves are segments of circles, and the shape of the boat is that of a
closed elongated shell, with two valves having a sharp end similar to a
spindle; the velocity of the displacement of the water is about sixteen
times less than the motion of the boat, therefore the resistance to be
overcome is reduced to the 256 part, which the immersed midship
frame has to surmount. It is applicable to every kind of propeller.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Fig. 1, is a vertical longitudinal section of the double keeled boat
provided with internal keels which extend its whole length, and are of
the same depth as the hull. a, represents the keels; c, the driving
wheel; d, d, guiding wheels; g, the rudder.
Fig. 2, is a horizontal longitudinal section of the double keeled boat.
a, a, the wheels, about eight inches apart; b, the beams; f, f, the
partitions dividing the boat into a certain number of compartments.
Fig. 3, is a transverse section of the boat, showing the curved shaped
timbers which taper at each extremity, and are united at both ends of
the boat.

page_text: A.D. 1853. JUNE 13. No 1434.
FREMIN'S PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
IMPROVEMENTS IN COFFINS, CATACOMBS, SARCO- PHAGUSES, AND CENOTAPHS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the Honorable Sir Richard
Brown, Baronet, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with his Petition, on the 14th July 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, the Honorable Sir RICHARD BROWN, Baronet, of Sphinx Lodge,
Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COFFINS, CATACOMBS, SARCO-
PHAGUSES, AND CENOTAPHS" to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in making or manufacturing coffins, cata-
combs, sarcophaguses, and cenotaphs of glass, china, carthenware,
porcelain, terra cotta, or other similar material, as also of prepared
peat or sand, in combination with clay or peat and mortar, or other ad-
hesive substances of any kind. I also propose to make these on a new
and improved sanitary principle, by constructing them in such a way
that the gases evolved by decomposition shall pass through chambers
filled with absorbing and disinfecting agents.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER CLOSETS AND URINALS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederic Warner, of the house of John
Warner and Sons, of the Crescent, Tewin Street, in the City of
London, and John Lee, Foreman in the employ of the said John
Warner and Sons, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER
CLOSETS AND URINALS."
Sealed the 29th September 1855, and dated the 23rd July 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederic Warner
and John Lee at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 23rd July 1853.
We, FREDERIC WARNER, of the house of John Warner & Sons, of
the Crescent, Jewin Street, in the City of London, and JOHN LEE,
Foreman, in the employ of the said John Warner & Sons, do hereby
declare the nature of our said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER
CLOSETS AND URINALS " to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of employing an inverted vessel open at its
lower end to govern the time at which the supply of water to the basin

page_text: of a water closet shall be stopped after the handle is released. The
inverted vessel has at its upper end a small hole for the passage of air,
and according to the size of such hole and the quantity of the contained
air so will be the time occupied in shutting off the supply of water.
The inverted vessel is placed in another vessel containing water or
other fluid, from the bottom of which rises a central pipe with a valve
at its upper end; hence, when the inverted vessel is raised the air will
pass freely through the large passage of the rising pipe into the inverted
vessel; but on the handle being released the valve on the rising pipe
will close, and there will be no escape for the air out of the inverted
vessel, except through the small hole of the upper part; or, in place
of the valve being placed on a rising pipe, the large passage may be in
the inverted vessel having a valve opening inwards.
THE COMBINATION OF MATERIALS FOR MAKING A MORE PERFECT FABRIC FOR SUCTION HOSE, MILL BANDS, HARNESS, AND FOR ALL OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES TO WHICH THE SAME WAY BE APPLIED
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Wells at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
May 1853.
I, GEORGE WELLS, of No. 15, Upper East Smithfield, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "THE COMBINATION OF MATERIALS FOR MAKING A MORE
PERFECT FABRIC FOR SUCTION HOSE, MILL BANDS, HARNESS, AND FOR ALL
OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES TO WHICH THE SAME WAY BE APPLIED," to be as
follows:-
The application of india-rubber and gutta-percha combined for the
covering of woven suction hose made of any fabric to render them air
and water tight, and also the application of galvanized or tinned spring
wire lining to such hose, and also the application of india-rubber
and gutta-percha to all description of woven mill bands, engine bands,
harness, and woven articles of the like description.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nevil Smart at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
October 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, NEVIL SMART, of Merton, in the County of Surrey, Brick Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to making bricks when the brick earth is
forced thro' moulding orifices, and consists of making the dies or
moulding orifices in such manner as to produce a groove or grooves on
the upper and under surfaces of each brick to receive the mortar or
cement, and it is preferred that the bricks should be hollow, but this is
not absolutely necessary; and as such grooves would interfere with the
ordinary mode of bonding, that is, using such bricks as stretchers and
headers, it is necessary that the grooves or recesses in the bricks used
for the two purposes should be in opposite directions. The bricks which

page_text: are to be used as stretchers are made with grooves or recesses longitu-
dinally; and the bricks which are to be used as "headers" are grooved
transversely; and when the bricks are also made hollow, the hollows
are made in the same direction as the grooves in the respective bricks.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINE BOILERS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Onions and Samuel
Bromhead at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 7th October 1853.
We, JOHN ONIONS, of 3, Park Terrace, and SAMUEL BROMHEAD, of
Marlborough Estate, both of Peckham, Surrey, Engineers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN STEAM ENGINE BOILERS" to be as follows:-
An improved steam engine boiler, by making an irregular surface to
the interior of the fire box, which is inserted into the boiler. The fire
bars being so constructed as to feed the boiler with heated water, and
by multiplied, curved, and spiral flutes and tubes increase the rapidity
of generating steam from less fuel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF CHLORINE, AND FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BLACK OXIDE OF MANGANESE
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Mortimer Glover
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 16th June 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, ROBERT MORTIMER GLOVER, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, M.D., do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE PRODUCTION OF CHLORINE, AND FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BLACK
OXIDE OF MANGANESE," to be as follows:-
Heretofore in the manufacture of bleaching powder muriatic acid is
poured on black oxide of manganese, & chlorine is disengaged. Now
my Invention consists of heating the residue left from this process in
contact with air, so as again to obtain a black oxide of manganese
which can again be used in this manufacture; I also obtain a similar
black oxide of manganese by treating some of the salts of manganese
in a similar manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING WOOL AND HAIR, ALSO IN TREATING AND PREPARING, BEFORE BEING SPUN, WOOL, FLAX, COTTON, AND SIMILAR FIBROUS MATERIAL
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Cunliffe Lister at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 24th June 1858.
SAMUEL CUNLIFFE LISTER, of Bradford, in the County of York, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WASHING WOOL AND HAIR, ALSO IN TREATING AND PREPARING, BEFORE
BEING SPUN, WOOL, FLAX, COTTON, AND SIMILAR FIBROUS MATERIAL," to
be as follows :—
First, my improvement in washing consists in covering washing
rollers with gutta-percha or unvulcanised caoutchouc and their com-
pounds, or similar material.
Second, in drawing fibrous material from combs by twist and rollers,
or by a spindle.
Third, in drawing two slivers of cotton, flax, or silk from combs so
as to give a long and short top.
Fourth, in carding cotton for combing without flats

page_text: Fifth, in carding the noils or the backing and milkings of cotton, and
recombing them.
Sixth, in using combs for combing cotton with not more than five
rows of teeth when filled on by a lashing process, also for flax or silk
in using combs having not less than ten per lineal inch.
Seventh, in working cotton, silk, or flax by revolving or other combs,
either controlled or not where the combs are fixed, and where the
material is brushed from them and not drawn off.
Eighth, in using combs for cotton, silk, and flax, with one end finer
than the other, or a succession of combs, the first comb being coarser
than the others.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FISHING RODS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Dawson and
Thomas Restell at the Office of the Commissioners of L'atents,
Thomas Restell at the Office of the Commissioners of l'atents,
with their Petition, on the 31st August 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
We, THOMAS DAWSON, of King's Arins Yard, in the City of London,
Machinist, and THOMAS RESTELL, of the Strand, in the City of West-
minster, Chronometer Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FISHING RODS" to be as follows:-
The joints of all fishing rods have hitherto been made circular; now
we construct our joints in the shape of a segment of a circle, that is to
say, the cross section of the joint will represent the segment of a circle,
or that of a tube bent into the shape of a trough or gutter. The joints
are permanently connected, and cach joint lies in the joint next
preceding it when the rod is inserted in the butt, which we make
cylindrical and to resemble a walking stick. We propose various
methods of extending the rod to its full length, and of withdrawing it,
which we shall fully describe in our Complete Specification.
S
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAIS- ING OR SUPPORTING HEAVY BODIES FOR THE BETTER PRESERVATION OF LIFE AND PROPERTY
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th October 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAIS-
ING OR SUPPORTING HEAVY BODIES FOR THE BETTER PRESERVATION OF LIFE
AND PROPERTY," a communication from Yelland Foreman, of the United
States of America, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the raising of sunken ships or other sub-
merged bodies, and consists in the employment of gas generated with
great rapidity in suitable vessels, in place of atmospheric air ordinarily
used for inflation. The gas preferred is that thrown off from nitrate of
soda and carbon, but ordinary gunpowder is also found to answer. This
gas, which is thrown off on the combustion of the above-mentioned
materials, passes along a pipe into a vessel containing water, wherein it
deposits its grosser impurities, and eventually rises to the surface, and

page_text: passes off by a serpentine which is submerged, and consequently effec-
tually cools the gas previous to its reaching the hose which conducts it
to the raising vessel or "camel," which is thereby inflated and filled.
This "camel," which is firmly secured to the object to be elevated, may
be either flexible or not, as required, or if the form of the body to be
raised will admit of such treatment (as a ship, for example,) it may be
made air and water tight by carefully caulking up the apertures, with
the exception of what will be required for the escape of the water,
and the hole may then be filled with gas herein-before described..
THE APPLICATION OF A CERTAIN MINERAL TO LAMPS IN LIEU OF COTTON OR OTHER WICKS
Year: 1853

page_text: William Smallcombe Passmore at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 18th April 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
We, JAMES SALTER SCARLETT, of Norwood, in the County of Surry,
Gentleman, & WILLIAM SMALLCOMBE PASSMORE, of St. Anne's Road,
Brixton, also in the County of Surry, Gentleman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "THE APPLICATION OF A CERTAIN
MINERAL TO LAMPS IN LIEU OF COTTON OR OTHER WICKS" to be as
follows:
This Invention consists in the application of a certain mineral
substance, chemically known as amyanthus, or more generally as
asbestos, as a substitute for the common wicks used in lamps. The
asbestos may be. woven or otherwise made into the required form with
or without an admixture of cotton or other fibrous substances, and to
be used in the same manner as the ordinary wicks.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN TRANSMITTING POWER AND COMMUNICATING MOTION TO AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Atkins at the Ollico
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd August 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, THOMAS ATKINS, of Oxford, in the County of Oxford, Civil En-
gineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN TRANSMITTING POWER AND COMMUNICATING MOTION TO
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS" to be as follows, viz. —
The transmission of power, whether derived from water, wind, steam,
heated air, or other source for communicating motion to agricultural
implements, is this:-I surround a grooved wheel, which will be in
connection with the prime mover, with a rope or cord, whether of metal,
hemp, or other elastic material, termed an endless cord, and secure such
rope or cord at a proper tension to enable me to transmit power. I
attach the same at the requisite distance to a frame, termed by me a
rope-cart or carrier, such rope-cart being provided with pullies, wheels,
and mechanism to secure a steady strain for keeping the rope at a

page_text: proper tension to enable me to transmit or communicate power to a
carriage, which I term a "communicator," either to work horizontally
or perpendicularly. This is a method of communicating power from a
stationary or locomotive prime mover, or both, to locomotive inplements
for cultivating, sowing, reaping, mowing, dressing, ploughing, or other
work required in agricultural business.
Attached as circumstances may require, I use a cylinder of any re-
quired diameter, with one or more smaller ones attached as may be
requisite, such cylinders to be set or studded with spades, knives, or
prongs, or such other teeth or implements as the circumstances of the
case may require.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL LEATHER
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Augustus Huddart
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 12th January 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, GEORGE AUGUSTUS HUDDART, of Brynkir, in the County of Caer-
narvon, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL LEATHER" to be
as follows:
The object of this Invention is to produce a strong, cheap, and
durable fabric in imitation of morocco and other of the superior kinds
of leather which present a well marked grain. For this purpose I'
provide plates of steel or copper with a pattern resembling in counter-
part the graining of the leather which is required to be imitated.
These plates I cont with a solution of gutta percha or india-
rubber, either separate or combined, and colored with any suitable
pigment, if required, and when this coat is dry I apply a second,
and so on, until a suitable thickness is obtained. When the solvent
has evaporated I strip off the sheet thus produced, and on the under
side it will be found to present an embossed surface, being a counter-
part of the metal plate on which it was formed. Or, instead of this

page_text: mode of producing the imitation leather, I use gutta percha or india-
rubber, or a composition of these substances, colored as required, and
reduced by heat or otherwise to a plastic state. This material I sub-
ject, while in a soft state, to the contact of engraved surfaces, whether
plates or rollers, and thus produce an embossed imitation of the graining
of leather.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THRASHING MACHINERY
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter McLellan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
February 1858.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)'
I, PETER MOLELLAN, of Bridge of Earn, in the County of Perth,
North Britain, Machine Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THRASHING MACHINERY," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a modification of the existing form of the
drum in thrashing machinery. Each drum carries four beaters or
scutchers, and two of these beaters are made, according to this im-
proved plan, with three steps on the striking side. The outside step
has a straight iron plate attached to it, and the other two steps have
serrated zig-zag or toothed edges. The remaining two beaters have
one straight even plate, and one toothed plate. The object of this
arrangement is the striking the grain in various ways, as the plain
beater strikes it only in one direction. But by the new plan, a much
more effective thrashing action is secured. It is obvious that the
general details of the machinery are capable of modification in various
ways, the principle of action being the same in each as here described.
AN IMPROVED BOOT, PARTICULARLY SUITABLE FOR THE USE OF EMIGRANTS AND PERSONS AT SEA
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edgar at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 4th February 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within
the time prescribed by the Act.)
I, WILLIAM EDGAR, of Giltspur Street, in the City of London, Boot
and Shoe Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED BOOT, PARTICULARLY SUITABLE FOR THE USE
OF EMIGRANTS AND PERSONS AT SEA," to be as follows, viz. :—
This Invention consists in consturcting a boot of that description
usually termed a sea or deck boot in the manner following, that is
to sayInsteadof making waterproof sea and deck boots with
the outer covering of leather, extending only to the instep, I make
them with an outer covering of leather extending above the ankle,
or further up the leg of the boot, even to the top if required; or I
form the outer covering of leather, so as to extend just above the
ankle, and beyond this I use sheet india rubber, waterproof cloth,
or waterproof fabric; and such boot may have an elastic gusset in
the leather part at or near the ankle, or at any heighth that may be
required. All the seams of the boot are well secured and water-
proofed. By the means aforesaid, I form an improved boot, which

page_text: will not only protect the leg and ankle of the wearer from the
weather, but will afford protection from blows, and from the abrasion
and cutting of stones or otherwise; and by the use of the elastic
gusset such boot will be readily put on and taken off, even when
the boot is to be used over an ordinary boot.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CERTAIN PARTS OF APPARATUS CON- NECTED WITH RAILWAY SIGNALS, AND IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF WORKING THE SAME
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bailey at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
January 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time.prescribed by the Act.)
'I, WILLIAM BAILEY, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CERTAIN PARTS OF APPARATUS CON-
NECTED WITH RAILWAY SIGNALS, AND IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF WORKING
THE SAME," to be as follows:-
Firstly, I propose to work the signal, of whatever construction or
material it may consist, by. a toothed quadrant or segment worked by a
rack instead of the simple lever as now in ordinary use. This plan
will ensure the exact and proper position of the signal when acted
upon by the rack and segment, which is always a matter of doubt
and uncertainty upon the present plans.
Secondly, I propose to use an endless chain of a peculiar construc-
tion, passing over two or more rollers to work the said quadrant or seg-
ment, instead of the long horizontal wire communication now generally
used, and which is so liable to become uncertain or useless in its action
on account of its extreme tension.

page_text: Thirdly, I propose to fix a bell or similar instrument to be acted
upon by necessary apparatus, so as to strike or sound when the said
signal and apparatus have attained their proper position, thus informing
the attendant of the fact when darkness prevents him seeing the signal.
I desire it to be distinctly understood that the foregoing is merely an
outline description of my Invention, which I will more fully explain in
my Complete Specification.
I
ADDITION TO PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
I propose instead of the single wire (usually used and which occa-
sionally fails in action) to use an endless chain, working on rollers simi-
lar to the plan of pulling up trains on inclines of railways by means of
loaded vehicles going down such inclines. This endless chain may be
worked by a winch handle or other convenient means.
And further, instead of a single lever being attached to
the signal, I fix a toothed quadrant and rack of this form,
so that a certain number of teeth being required to turn
the signal, when the rack has moved the quadrant the
requisite number of tectlı, the signal is turned to the
required position, simultaneously ringing a bell or giving other notice
by sound. The apparatus herein-before described "in limini" will be
more efficient for the purpose of signalizing than any hitherto uscil.