IMPROVEMENTS IN JACQUARD LOOMS FOR WEAVING CUT PILE FABRICS DOUBLE
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Denton Abel, of No. 20, Southampton
Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN JACQUARD LOOMS FOR WEAVING
CUT PILE FABRICS DOUBLE."-A communication from abroad by Anton
Funk, Carl Emil Becker, and August Hoffbauer, all of Berlin, in the
Kingdom of Prussia.
Sealed the 29th May 1866, and dated the 22nd March 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Denton Abel
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd March 1866.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN JAQUARD LOOMS FOR WEAVING
CUT PILE FABRICS DOUBLE," to be as follows:-
One of the present improvements has reference to the jaquard apparatus
for actuating the figuring warps in looms for weaving cut pile fabrics double.
In the arrangements heretofore employed the trap boards of both the front
and the back part of the apparatus have been made to rise and fall in order
to bring the figuring warps from the upper into the lower fabric, and vice
versa.
The present improvement consists in making the trap board of the front
part of the apparatus stationary, so that in raising or lowering the suspension

page_text: :
board the knots of those cords that are brought into action by the jacquard
needles are caused to pass through the holes of the stationary trap boards,
so as to carry the figuring warps into the lower fabric, while those cords
that are not brought into action by the needles are held by the trap board,
so as to form, together with the ground warps, the shed for the upper fabric.
Another part of this Invention has reference to the mode of separating the
two fabrics when woven, and of inserting and withdrawing the pile wires.
One of the improvements consists in constructing the knife or cutter of a
narrow curved and pointed blade, which is attached to a reciprocating bar by
the point thereof being passed through a slot in the said bar, while the end
thereof is held by means of a screw or pin passing through it and through a
projecting boss upon the bar.
Another improvement consists of a combined arrangement of the mechanism
for actuating the aforesaid cutter and for inserting and withdrawing the pile
wires, whereby the motion imparted to the sliding bar carrying the cutter is
made to effect the withdrawal of the pile wires from the fabric. For this
purpose the sliding bar carrying the cutter works through a guide at one end,
whilst at the other end it is attached to a carriage capable of sliding upon a
rail fixed to the framing, and receiving a reciprocating motion by means of a
rocking lever actuated by the crank of a revolving crank shaft. Near to this
carriage the cutter bar is provided with a hook, which as it is made to recede
from the selvage of the fabric by the one motion of the bar, hooks into the
loop of the front pilo wire in the fabric and draws it out. Above the carriage
actuating the cutter bar is situated a second carriage, also receiving a recipro-
eating motion upon a fixed rail by means of a rocking lever attached by an
adjustable connecting rod to a second rocking lever, which receives the
required motion by means of a cam upon the before-mentioned crank shaft;
this upper carriage carries a slide capable of moving backwards and forwards
on the same in a direction parallel with the selvage of the fabric; the front
end of this slide carries a truck, which as the carriage travels to and from the
fabric is made to move against a "shunt rail" arrangement, whereby the slide
is gradually brought forward towards the pile wire that is being drawn out
while the carriage is moving away from the fabric, while at the end of such
motion the slide is suddenly drawn back by a rod or arm actuated by the
loom until its truck comes in contact with a fixed rail, in which position it
moves with its carriage towards the shed formed by the figuring warps. The
back end of this slide has an arm reaching down to the level of the cutter bar
attached to the lower carriage, where it is provided with a notch having a
small sliding piece actuated by a spring for the purpose of holding the end of

page_text: the pile wire. The relative motion of the upper and lower carriage is so;
arranged that as the latter moves away from the fabric drawing out the front;
pile wire by means of the hook on the cutter bar, as described, the former is.
made to follow it closely while the slide upon it is advancing from the back-
ward to the forward position, as before described. When the slide has arrived.
at the forward position the upper carriage overtakes the lower one and the;
pendent arm of the slide takes the pile wire that has been drawn out off the
hook of the cutter bar; the slide is then suddenly drawn into the backward;
position, carrying with it the pile wire, the other end of which is at the same,
time moved backward by a rocking forked lever; the upper carriage is then
pushed rapidly forward so as to insert the wire into the shed formed by the
figuring warps.
Another improvement has reference to the mode of drawing off the finished
fabrics after being separated by the cutter, and consists in employing for this
purpose two breast beams only, one for each fabric, which breast beams are
situated a certain distance apart, so that the two fabrics as they are cut
asunder separate in being drawn forward by the beams, the surfaces of which
are provided with points which take hold of the backs of the fabrics. The
double fabric as it is woven passes between two guiding surfaces, which
steady the fabric for the action of the cutter, and which widen out at the
point where the fabrics are cut assunder, so as to form an angle corresponding
with that formed by the two fabrics as they pass to the breast beams.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Denton Abel in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
20th August 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Charles Denton Abel, Her special licence that I, the said Charles
Denton Abel, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Charles Denton Abel, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all:

page_text: times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN JAQUARD LOOMS FOR WEAVING CUT PILE FABRICS DOUBLE,"
a communication to me from abroad by Anton Funk, Carl Emil Becker,
and August Hoffbauer, all of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia,, upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Charles Denton Abel, my execu-
tors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office withiu
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Denton Abel, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had the accompanying Drawings,,
and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say :-
One part of the present improvements has reference to the jaquard appa-
ratus for actuating the figuring warps in looms for weaving cut pile fabrics
louble. In the arrangements beretofore employed the trap boards of both.
the front and the back part of the apparatus have been made to rise and fall in
order to bring the figuring warps from the upper into the lower fabric, and
vice versa.
Tho present improvement consists in making the trap board of the front
part of the apparatus stationary, so that in raising or lowering the suspension
board the knots of those cords that are brought into action by the jaquard
needles are caused to pass through the holes of the stationary trap board, so
as to carry the figuring warps into the lower fabric, while those cords that are
not brought into action by the needles are held by the trap board, so as to
form, together with the ground warps, the shed for the upper fabric.
Another part of this Invention has reference to the mode of separating the
two fabrics when woven, and of inserting and withdrawing the pile wires.
One of the improvements consists in constructing the knife or cutter of a
narrow, curved, and pointed blade, which is attached to a reciprocating bar
by the point thereof being passed through a slot in the said bar, while the end
thereof is held by means of a screw or pin passing through it and through a
projecting boss upon the bar.
Another improvement consists of a combined arrangement of the mechanisti

page_text: for actuating the aforesaid cutter, and for inserting and withdrawing the pile
wires, whereby the motion imparted to the sliding bar carrying the cutter is
made to effect the withdrawal of the pile wires from the fabric. For this
purpose the sliding bar carrying the cutter works through a guide at one end,
whilst at the other end it is attached to a carriage capable of sliding upon a
rail fixed to the framing and receiving a reciprocating motion by means of a
rocking lever actuated by the crank of a revolving crank shaft. Near to this
carriage the cutter bar is provided with a hook which, as it is made to recede
from the selvage of the fabric by the one motion of the bar, hooks into the
loop of the front pile wire in the fabric and draws it out. Above the carriage
actuating the cutter bar is situated a second carriage, also receiving a reci-
procating motion upon a fixed rail by means of a rocking lever attached by an
adjustable connecting rod to a second rocking lever which receives the required
motion by means of a cam upon the before-mentioned crank shaft. This
upper carriage carries a slide capable of moving backwards and forwards on
the same in a direction parallel with the selvage of the fabric. The front end
of this slide carries a truck, which, as the carriage travels to and from the
fabric, is made to move against a "shunt rail "arrangement, whereby the slide
is gradually brought forward towards the pilo wire that is being drawn out,
while the carriage is moving away from the fabric, while at the end of such
motion the slide is suddenly drawn back by a rod or arm actuated by the
loom until its truck comes in contact with a fixed rail, in which position it
moves with its carriage towards the shed formed by the figuring warps. The
back end of this slide has an arm reaching down to the level of the cutter bar
attached to the lower carriage, where it is provided with a notch having a
small sliding piece actuated by a spring for the purpose of holding the end of
the pile wire. The relative motion of the upper and lower carriage is so
arranged that as the latter moves away from the fabric, drawing out the front
pile wire by means of the book on the cutter bar, as described, the former is
made to move in advance, while the slide upon it is advancing from the back-
ward to the forward position, as before described. When the slide bas arrived
at the forward position the lower carriage overtakes the upper one, and the
pendent arm of the slide takes the pile wire that has been drawn out off the
hook of the cutter bar. The slide is then suddenly drawn into the backward
position, carrying with it the pilo wire, the other end of which is at the same
time moved backward by a rocking bar or lever; the upper carriage is then
pushed rapidly forward, so as to insert the wire into the shed formed by the
figuring warps.
Another improvement has reference to the mode of drawing off the finished

page_text: The
fabrics after being separated by the cutter, and consists in employing for this
purpose two breast beams only, one for each fabric, which breast beams are
situated a certain distance apart, so that the two fabrics as they are cut
asunder separate in being drawn forward by the beams, the surfaces of which
are provided with points which take hold of the backs of the fabrics
double fabric as it is woven passes between two guiding surfaces, which steady
the fabric for the action of the cutter, and which widen out at the point where
the fabrics are cut asunder, so as to form an angle corresponding with that
formed by the two fabrics as they pass to the breast beams.
On the accompanying Drawings is shown the construction of a jaquard
loom for weaving cut pile fabrics double, having the before described improve-
ments.
Figure 1 on Sheet I. shows a front elevation of the loom; Figure 2,
Sheet II., shows a longitudinal section of the same; Figure 3, Sheet III., shows
a plan of the mechanism for actuating the wires and the cutting blade;
Figure 4 shows a side elevation of the same at X, Figure 3; and Figure 5
shows a side elevation of the same at Y, Figure 3; Figure 6 on Sheet I. shows
a detached plan of the cutter bar and levers for actuating it. Figures 7 and 8
on Sheet I. show full-sized details of the pendent arm for carrying back the
pile wires after they have been drawn out. Similar letters of reference
indicate similar parts in each of the Figures.
The general arrangement and mode of action of such looms is well under-
stood, and only such parts thereof will therefore be here described as have
reference to the several parts of the Invention.
A, A, are the trap boards of the jaquard apparatus, of which the front
one A' is made stationary instead of moveable as heretofore. The knots B
of the cords C holding the figuring or pile warps D, D, that are brought into
action by the jaquard needles E are caused to pass through the holes of the
trap board A' by the lowering of the suspension board F, so as to allow the cords
to carry the figuring or pile warps into the lower fabric, while those cords
that are not acted upon by the needles are held back by the trap board so as
to cause the corresponding figuring warps to form, together with the ground.
warps G, the shed for the upper fabric. The trap board A is moveable and
actuates the respective figuring warps in the same manner as heretofore.
The mechanism for effecting the separation of the two pile fabrics and the
withdrawal and insertion of the pile wires is as follows:-The framing H
carries a rail I upon which slides a carriage J, receiving a reciprocating
motion by means of the rocking lever K actuated by the crank L' on the shaft
Land link M. To the carriage is attached a bar N passing across the loom

page_text: close in front of the double pile fabric, and carried at the other end by a
bracket O on the framing. This bar carries the blade P, shown in plan at
Figure 6, for cutting the pile fabrics Q, Q, asunder, the blade being formed
curved as shown, and fixed to a boss R formed on the bar N by means of a
pin passing through an eye formed both in the blade and in the boss; the
blade passes through a slot in the bar and terminates in a two-edged point.
The bar N receives a reciprocating motion from the carriage J, exceeding in
extent the width of the pile fabric, and the blade P is thereby made to cut
through the pile that connects the two fabrics at every stroke of the bar.
Upon the bar N is formed or fixed a hook S, which at every forward motion
of the bar catches in the loop of the foremost one of the pile wires T, and
therefore effects the drawing out of the said wire from between the two
fabrics as the bar performs its backward motion. Upon the top of the
framing His fixed a rail U, upon which a carriage V is made to slide
backwards and forwards by means of a rocking lever W, connected by means
of an adjustable link a to a second lever b, which is hinged at its upper end
to the rail I, and receives the requisite reciprocating motion from a cam c on
the crank shaft L, the cam being made to press the lever outwards by acting
against a truck d fixed thereto, while tho spring e draws the lever in as the
cam recedes. Upon the carriage V is a slide f, capable of sliding in grooves
on the same in a direction at right angles to the motion of the carriage itself.
The front end of this slide has a truck g, which in being made to move along
the "shunt rail" arrangement upon the plate h to be presently described,
causes the slide f to move into a backward position when the carriage V
commences its forward motion and to move gradually into a forward position
To the back end of
while the carriage is performing its backward motion.
the slide V is fixed a pendent arm i, shown in full size in Figures 7 and 8 on
Sheet I. of the Drawings, the end of which arm reaches down to the level
of the pile wires T and hook S. The end of the arm is formed with a
groove, as shown, for receiving the end of the pile wire T, the upper part; of
which groove is made adjustable by being formed as a slide, which is pressed
down upon the pile wire by means of a spring k, so as to hold the wire
securely when it has been inserted by the hook S. It will be seen by the
arrangement of the crank L', the cam c, and the various levers actuating the
carriages J and V that the cutter bar N, with the hook S carried by the
former, and the arm i carried by the latter, travel backwards and forwards
simultaneously. When they are at the end of the forward motion the hook
S, as before stated, catches into the loop of the front wire, as shewn in the
dotted position at Fig. 3, while the arm i is in its backward position with

page_text: the truck g, pressing against the fixed rail 2 on the plate h. As the carriages
now commence moving backwards, the hook S draws out the front pile wire,
while the arm i is gradually brought forward on account of the truck g being
made to slide along tho shunt rail m, and thus to draw forward the slide f
When the carriage V has arrived at such a position that the truck 9 rests
against the front fixed rail n, and that the arm i has consequently been
brought into its forward position in a line with the hook S carrying the pilo
wire T, the arm i is at that time situated somewhat in advance of the hook.
As the two carriages now complete their backward motion the book S
overtakes the arm i and pushes the loop of the pile wire, which it carries into
the groove of the arm, as shown in Figures 7 and 8. When this has been
completed, the carriage V has arrived at the end of the
rail n, as shown in
Figure 3, which is the end of its backward motion. The arm i has by such
motion been brought behind a hook formed on a rod p, receiving a recipro-
cating motion from a rocking lever q, actuated by a cam r and spring s. The
rod p now therefore draws back the arm i, and with it the slide f, until the
truck 9 presses against the rail 1 (in Figures 3 to 5 the rod has already drawn
the arm slightly backward), the arm i having thereby taken the pile wire T
off the hook S, and carried it back ready for introducing it into the open shed
of the fabric. The front end of the wire has at the same time been caught
and carried back in a similar manner by the hooked rod t, receiving a
reciprocating motion by means of the rocking lever u actuated by the cam v
and spring w. The carriage V now performs its forward motion for inserting
the wire into the open shed of the fabric, and the truck 9, in arriving at the
front end of the rail 7, pushes away the shunt rail m from the former so as to
allow the truck to pass, after which the rail m is again pressed against the
rail by the spring o so as to cause the truck to pass against it during the
backward motion as before described. In commencing such backward motion
the arm i is drawn off the pile wire, leaving the latter in the shed. The
carriage J, and with it the cutter bar N and hook S, has during the forward
motion of the carriage V also performed its forward motion, and the hook S
has taken up another pile wire, whereupon the action as before described is
repeated. The arm i is formed with a hinged joint at a, and is kept straight
by means of a spring y so that if by accident the carriage should come to a
standstill in the middle of its forward or backward motion the beat of the
lathe should not break the arm i. The double fabric Q, Q, as it is woven
passes between two guides 1, 1, which are first formed parallel, as shown, but
diverge at the point where the two fabrics are cut asunder by the blade P,
and conduct each fabric respectively to one of the two breast beams 2, 2
'

page_text: which are provided with pins on their surfaces, as shown, and to which rotary
motion is imparted in the direction of the arrows by means of the worm 3,
worm wheel 4, and spur wheels 5, 5; the breast beams are thereby caused
to draw off the fabrics as they are delivered by the loom, keeping them
stretched, while they are at the same time steadied by the guides 1, 1, so as
to insure the perfect action of the cutting blade P.
Having now described the nature of the several parts of this Invention as
communicated to mo by my foreign correspondents, and the manner in which
the same are to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not claim
otherwise than in combination, any of the various details of mechanism
herein-before described, excepting those that have been specially specified as
forming separately part of this Invention; but what I claim is,-
First, making the trap board to the front part of the jaquard apparatus
stationary instead of moveable as heretofore, substantially as herein-before
described.
Second, the particular form of and mode of fixing the blade for cutting.
asunder the two fabrics, as herein-before described.
Third, the combined arrangement of mechanism herein-before described for.
both actuating the cutter bar and effecting the withdrawal of the pile wires
from the fabric and their insertion into the shed, substantially as herein-before
described.
Fourth, the employment of two breast. beams. with pin surfaces for with-
drawing the fabrics from the loom in combination with two guiding plates
for steadying the fabrics, for the action of the cutting blade, as herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Denton Abel, have hereunto set.
my band and seal, this Twentieth day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six..
CD ADEL
C. D. ABEL (L.S.).