other Analogous Appliances.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 28th June, 1888
Complete Specification Left, 28th Mar., 1889
Complete Specification Accented, 4th May 1899
other Analogous Appliances.
I, MARK JOHN LANSDELL, of Hastings, in the County of Sussox, Architect, do
bereby declare the nature of the said Invention to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improvement in the manufacture of set-squares,
T-squares, centrolineads, flat rulers, french-curves, and other analogous appliances or
apparatus used by draughtsmen and others in the setting out, delineation or
drawing on paper or other material of representations of architectural, mechanical
and other objects.
As at present manufactured such appliances are made with flat sides the whole
surface of each of which or of each part of which as in french curves lies in the same
plane, and consequently rests on the paper or other material causing an unnecessary
amount of frictional contact therewith at each movement and soiling the same by
rubbing the detached particles of pencil dust and other material thereover. Such
disadvantages are especially apparent in those of such appliances which are used on
either side indiscriminately, as the moisture from the hands which adheres thereto
renders them liable to cause the particles of pencil dust and other matter to adhere
thereto, and when turned over, in the movement of the appliance over the paper such
particles are rubbed in contact with the paper or material soiling the same.
It has been attempted to remedy such defects by making some of such articles
of a framed formation or with an enlarged opening between the inner edges, but as
thus made the remaining portion of each side is still in the same plane, and such
appliances being usually very thin in substance do not possess the necessary connection
between opposite parts to ensure a sufficiency of strength and consequently frequently
break, and, moreover, owing to the enlarged opening the hand in moving the
appliance is liable to come into frequent contact with the paper causing the same
to become soiled especially when tracing on prepared paper for transfer to stone
for lithogranhy.

page_text: The object of the present Invention is to construct such appliances in such a manner
as will avoid all such defects, and to this end the Invention consists, essentially, in
making the appliance of any usual formation but with the guiding or drawing edge or
edges thereof on one, both or all sides on a raised plane preferably parallel with that
of the intermedinto portion or hody part of the appliance, so as to reduce the surface
of the appliance in contact with the paper or material to the utmost practicable extent
while retaining a sufficiency of strength in the body part of the appliance. I can
attain such object hy raising a rib around such edge or edgos leaving the surface of
the intermediate or body part thereof on a slightly lower plane, or by recessing the
surface of the body part so as to leave such raised edges. In appliances of large size
1 may also raise a part or parts of the body part of the appliance to the plane of the
raised edge in ribbed, pointed, fint or other shaped parts so as to prevent the weight
of the band from hearing the surface of the boily part onto the paper. In small or
narrow set-squares and analogous appliances it would be sufficient for this purpose to
raise a rim about the hole by which the appliance is generally hung up to such lovel
as aforesaid.
Dated this 25th day of Inne 1888
DAY, DAVIES & HUNT,
321, High Holborn, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: other Analogous Appliances.
1, MARK JOHN LANSDELL, of Bedford Row, London, in the County of Middlesex,
and of Hastings, in the County of Sussex, Architect, do hereby declare the nature of
the said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
This Invention relates to an improvement in the manufacture of set-squares,
T-squares, centrolineads, flat rulers, french-curves, and other analogous appliances
or apparatus used by draughtsmen and others in the setting out, delineation or
drawing on paper or other material of representations of architectural, mechanical,
and other objects.
As at present manufactured such appliances are made with flat sides the whole
surface of each of which, or of each part of which as in french-curves, lies in the
same plane and consequently rests on the paper or other material upon which it
is used, causing an unnecessary amount of frictional contact therewith at each
movement and soiling the same by rubbing thereover the detached particles of
pencil dust and other matter which adhere to its under surface. Such disadvantages
are especially apparent in those of such appliances which are used indiscriminately
with either side as the under side, as the moisture from the hands which adheres
to the top side for the time being stains the same and when the appliance is turned
over causes particles of pencil dust and other matter to be liable to be attracted
and to closely adhere thereto, and in the movement of the appliance over the paper
such particles are rubbed in contact with the paper or material and necessarily soil the
same, and injure any fine work thereon.
It has been attempted to remedy such defects by making some of such articles of a
framed formation or with an enlarged opening through the substance thereof, but as
thus made the remaining portion of each side is still in the same plane, and such
appliances being usually very thin in substance do not possess the necessary substance
or rigidity between opposite or adjacent parts to ensure a sufficiency of strength and
consequently frequently break, and, moreover, owing to the enlarged opening the hand
in moving the appliance is liable to come into frequent contact with the paper or
other material causing the same to become soiled especially when tracing on prepared
paper for transfer to stone for lithography.
The object of the present invention is to construct such appliances in such a manner
as will avoid such defects, and to this end the Invention consists essentially in making
the appliance (which may be of any usual shape or configuration) with the guiding
or drawing edge or edges thereof (on one, both or all sides thereof) on a slightly
raised plane, respectively relatively to that or those of the intermediate part or parts
of the appliance so as to reduce the surface of the appliance in contact with the paper
or material to the utmost practicable extent while retaining the usual or a sufficiency
of strength in the body part of the appliance.

page_text: In order that the Invention may he clearly understood I have annexed hereto a
sheet of drawings illustrative thereof.
Fig. 1. represents a 60° set square tilted upwardly on its edge, a, b, to the angle
reprosented in Fig. 2. which represents a section of Fig. 1. through the line, c, d.
Fig. 8. represents a like sectional view of another modification of the Invention.
The accompanying drawings show that the aforesaid object can be conveniently
obtained by means of a raised rib, I, around the drawing edges (which latter it is of
advantage should rest on the paper,) leaving the surface of the intermediate or body
part, 2, as in a slightly recessed parallel plane as represented in Figs. 1. and, 2. or by
otherwise recessing the surface of the body part, 2, of the appliance so as to leave
such raised drawing edges, 1, as represented in Fig. 3.
In order to prevent the weight of the hand from bearing the surface of the body
part, 2, or the part intermediate of the outer drawing edges of the appliances onto
the papor, I may also, if required, raise to the level of the edgos, 1, a rim as at, 3,
about the hole, 4, by which the appliance is generally hung up, or may raise to
such level as aforesaid any other part or parts of the said body part on one, both,
or all sides thereof, in ribbed, pointed or other shaped parts.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is.-
The construction of set-squares, T-squares, and other analogous appliances of the
nature hereinbefore referred to, in the improved manner hereinbefore described.
50
1000
DAY, DAVIES & HUNT,
321, High Holborn, London, W.,
Agents for the Applicant.