IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WOODEN PAVEMENTS BY THE ADDITION OF APPLIANCES PROVISIONAL SPATION
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edmund Young, of High Street, Steyning, in the
County of Sussex, Surgeon, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF WOODEN PAVEMENTS BY THE ADDITION OF APPLIANCES
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edmund Young at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd November 1880.
EDMUND YOUNG, of High Street, Steyning, in the County of Sussex, Surgeon.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WOODEN PAVEMENTS BY THE ADDITION
OF APPLIANCES AFFIXED THERETO TO PREVENT ANIMALS SLIPPING."
The object of this Invention is to prevent horses from slipping when upon
wooden pavements by means of projections which are applied to the wood, either
before the same is laid or subsequently, in the manner hereinafter described.
A nail or spike on which is mounted a washer is driven into the upper surface
of the blocks of wood, of which the pavement is composed, perpendicularly to the
plane of the said blocks, so that the washer or collar rests upon the surface of the
blocks and prevents the flange and head of the nail or spike from being driven
iuto the wood by the pressure of the traffic. The head of the nail or spike will
then project sufficiently above the surface of the pavement to afford a firm foothold
to horses and prevent them from slipping, but it will not project far enough to
trip the horses or to cause any injury to their feet, or to obstruct the wheels of
the vehicles. The said nail or spike is square in figure, tapering to a point, having
a flange forged, pressed, or cast between the shank and the head proper or on the
lower part of the head, the said flange projecting beyond the widest part of the
nail or spike, the head of which is square. The entire nail or spike consisting of
head, flange, and shank is made in one entire piece, and is formed of wrought iron,
case hardened, cast steel, or other suitable metal. The washer or collar herein-
before mentioned is made of cast iron, case hardened or annealed steel, or other
suitable metal, and is of a circular, octagonal, or other suitable form, having a
square bole in the centre for admitting the shank of the nail or spike, which is
passed through the same, until the said flange bears on the washer or collar. The
latter is made wider than the said flange.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Edmund Young in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
21st May 1881.
EDMUND YOUNG, of High Street, Steyning, in the County of Sussex, Surgeon.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WOODEN PAVEMENTS BY THE ADDITION
OF APPLIANCES AFFIXED THERETO TO PREVENT ANIMALS SLIPPING."
The object of my said Invention is to prevent horses from slipping when upon
wooden pavements by applying projections to the surface of the wood, either
before the same is laid or subsequently, in the manner hereinafter described.
A nail or spike on which is mounted a washer or collar is driven into the upper
surface of the blocks of wood, of which the pavement is composed, perpendicularly
to the plane of the said blocks, so that the washer or collar rests upon the surface
of the blocks and prevents the flange and head of the nail or spike from being
driven into the wood by the pressure of the traffic. The head of the nail or spike
will then project sufficiently above the surface of the pavement to afford a firm
foothold to horses and prevent them from slipping, but it will not project far
enough to trip the horses or to cause any injury to their feet, or to obstruct the
wheels of the vehicles. The said nail or spike is square in figure, the lower end
being drawn to a point, and between the head proper and the shank, or on the
lower part of the head is forged, pressed, or cast a flange which projects beyond
the widest part of the sbank of the nail or spike, or of the head thereof; the said
head is made square.
The entire nail or spike consisting of head, flange, and
shank is made in one piece, being by preference cast (in Bessemer steel), and allowed
to cool gradually. The washer or collar hereinbefore mentioned is by preference
made of wrought or rolled iron, and can be of a circular, octagonal, or other suitable
form, having a square hole in the centre for the passage of the shank of the nail or
spike, which is passed through the same until the said flange bears on the washer
or collar. The latter is made wider than the said flange.
In some
I will now refer to the accompanying Drawings, from which the nature of my
said Invention will be clearly understood. Figure 1 shews a longitudinal section
taken diagonally through the nail or spike and washer, and Figure 2 is a plan of
the latter. A is the shank of the nail or spike; a is the head, and a' the flange;
B is the washer or collar; C is a portion of a wooden paving block.
cases in order to maintain the nail or spike inore firmly in position the angular
edges of the shank A are barbed, burred, or notched alternately, as shown at a²,
and in this case the corners of the hole in the washer or collar B are cut out, as
shown at b, to allow the said barbs or burrs to pass through without injury.
The whole of the washer or collar can be formed at one operation by means of a
punch.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of the. said Invention, and
the manner in which it is to be performed, I would observe in conclusion that
what I consider novel and original, and therefore claim as constituting the
Invention secured to me by the said hereinbefore in part recited Letters Patent
are,-
The improvements in wooden pavements by the addition thereto of the nails or
spikes and washers or collars, the whole constructed and arranged substantially as
and for the purposes hereinbefore described and set forth..
In witness whereof, I, the said Edmund Young, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Seventeenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
EDMUND YOUNG. (L.S.)