IMPROVEMENTS IN FOOT WARMERS CARRIAGE HEATING. AND BED AIRING APPARATUS.”
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Suffield, of Manor Works, Bermondsey,
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FOOT WARMERS
CARRIAGE HEATING. AND BED AIRING APPARATUS.”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Suffield at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th December 1873.
I, THOMAS SUFFIELD, of Manor Works, Bermondsey, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FOOT WARMERS, CARRIAGE HEATING, AND BED AIRING APPARATUS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention of improvements in foot warmers, carriage heating, and
bed airing apparatus consists,―
Firstly. Of constructing a foot warmer for railway carriages, private
carriages, and other vehicles. The material used may be Muntz's metal,
brass, copper, or tinned or galvanized iron. The ends of the vessel or

page_text: warmer may either be cast in metal or stamped out of sheet metal in
one piece, and fixed to the vessel or, warmer by solder, rivets, or brazing.
These ends are fitted with handles and inlet screws with blank cap and
key for unscrewing when the apparatus requires refilling.
The shape for the vessel or warmer is triangular with the slope or
incline equal on both sides, and when of this shape is well adapted for
two persons sitting vis-a-vis, as when travelling in a railway carriage,
but this shape may be altered where the incline is on one side only, and
is then best adapted for the footboard of ordinary vehicles.
Secondly. The Invention consists of preventing the loss of heat by
radiation in such warmers by providing them with a covering of felt,
woollen rug, animal skin, or other bad conductor of heat, and over this
a cover of carpet or other sightly material, attached to which or placed
in which are pockets or receptacles or slippers for the fect, and so
arranged with a flap joint that when the foot is withdrawn the outer
cover assumes its normal position or appearance.
With some few modifications the above apparatus may be used for
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Suffield in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 4th June 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
SUFFIELD, of Manor Works, Bermondsey, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Thomas Suffield, Her special
license that I, the said Thomas Suffield, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Thomas Suffield, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,

page_text: within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FOOT
WARMERS, CARRIAGE HEATING, AND BED AIRING APPARATUS," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said Thomas Suffield, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Suffield, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention of improvements in foot warmers, carriage heating,
and bed airing apparatus consists, ---
Firstly. Of constructing a foot warmer for railway carriages, private
carriages, and other vehicles to be heated by hot water. The material
used may be Muntz metal, brass, copper, tinned or galvanized iron,
which may be stamped, corrugated, lengthwise or vertically, chequered:
diagonally or otherwise indented, thus giving greater stiffness to the
apparatus, also preventing slipperiness to the feet when the warmer is
not covered with textile material. The ends of the vessel or warmer
may either be cast in metal or stamped out of sheet metal in one piece,
and fixed to the vessel or warmer by solder, rivets, brazing, or otherwise,
so as to form water-tight joints. These ends. are fitted with handles or
cross bars and inlet screws with blank cap and key for unscrewing when
the apparatus requires refilling. A railway or dog-cart key is used by.
preference to unscrew and screw up the inlet water cap.
f:
The shape preferred for the vessel or warmer is triangular with the
slope or incline, equal on both sides, and when of this shape is well
adapted for two persons sitting vis-à-vis, as when travelling in a railway
earriage, but this shape may be altered so that the incline shall be on
one side only, and is then best adapted for the footboards of ordinary
vehicles.
Secondly. The Invention consists of proventing the loss of heat by
radiation in such warmers by providing them with a covering of folk

page_text: Woolen rag, amma scarpo
for the foot to rest upon, and also in providing an additional covering of
woollen rag, carpet, fibre matting, animal skin, or other suitable material
wholly or partially attached to the centre ridge of the vessel and securely
attached to the foot warmer at each end, but so arranged by means of
flexible joints as to form slippers for placing the feet in. These flaps or
slippers readily fall back to their original position when the feet are
withdrawn. This arrangement not only affords additional comfort to the
feet, but to a large extent prevents loss of heat by radiation, so that the
same quantity of hot water would last for a much greater length of
time.
And in order that my Invention may be better understood, and more
readily put into operation, I will now proceed to describe the Drawings
hereunto annexed.
i
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 shew the warmer constructed with a double
incline as used for railway travelling. Figure 1 is covered with carpet
or other suitable material to prevent radiation, and present a yielding
surface to the feet. Figures 2 and 3 are corrugated or stamped into
ridges; Figure 2 also shewing the position of the feet when persons are
sitting vis-à-vis. Figure 4 shews the warmer with a double covering so
as to form slippers or receptacles for the feet. Figure 5 shews the
warmer constructed of chequered or diagonally indented plates for
stiffness.
-
Figure 6 shews the vessel or warmer with the incline on one side only
as used on the footboards of ordinary vehicles.
Now having particularly described and ascertained the nature of my
said Invention and how the same is to be carried into effect, I would
have it understood that I do not claim to construct my improved foot
warmers of any particular dimensions, but what I do claim and desire to
secure by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
Firstly. The construction of foot warmers or vessels with inclined
sides, either double or single, as herein-before described and illustrated
by the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly. The covering of such foot warmers with carpet, felt,
matting, or other suitable material to prevent radiation of heat, as
herein-before described and illustrated by the accompanying Drawings.

page_text: heat by radiation and to form slippers for the feet for the greater
comfort of the users, as described and illustrated by the accompanying
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Suffield, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fourth day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
Witness,
CHARLES BARLOW,
Patent Agent,
THOMAS SUFFIELD. (L.S.)
23, Southampton Bldgs,
W.C.