IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF WATERMARKED PAPER
Year: 1884

page_text: I JOHN HENRY JOHNSON of 47 Lincolns Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex
Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF WATERMARKED PAPER”
to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to provide means whereby papers presenting
shaded water marks such as are employed for bank notes and the like can be
produced in cylinder machines This result is obtained by providing the paper
making cylinder with goffered cloths or cloths presenting designs capable of
producing water marks presenting effects of light and shade in every gradation
whereby the stuff or pulp is moulded in the same manner as in the production of
hand made paper without any distortion of the mark whereas in machine made
watermarked paper as herein before manufactured the water mark is imprinted by
pressure applied to the wet stuff or pulp.
In carrying out this Invention the making cylinder may be simply of the ordinary
construction covered with the goffered or marked cloth herein before referred to, but
it is preferred to construct the said cylinder of a number of curved segments or
forms preferably of brass in the form of gratings the bars of which, in cross section;
taper towards the exterior and extend preferably in a direction concentric with the
cylinder being combined with preferably.smaller bars arranged parallel with the
axis of the said cylinder.
In place of the felt employed for receiving the paper from the making cylinder,
a wire cloth or a calico or fustian fabric is employed and the couch roller of copper
covered with felt as heretofore employed is replaced by a very elastic india rubber
couch roller perforated with holes running parallel with the axis of the said roller—
Paper with shaded water marks manufactured with this machine would be liable
to be injured by the drying cylinders provided in ordinary cylinder machines—In
order to obviate this the cloth or substitute for the wet-felt after passing over
troughs or boxes and being acted upon by a roller on the upper side is drawn over

page_text: copper plates placed above sheet metal boxes heated by steam-A fan is arranged
between the plates in order to drive off the vapour-At the extremity of the
machine farthest from the couch roller the cloth is carried round a perforated drum
in which works a fan; underneath this fan a motor and pressing roller elevates the
cloth on its return to the coucher.
A brush revolving at the side of the perforated drum detaches the sheets and
facilitates their delivery and a scraper acts upon the cloth behind this brush.
The returning cloth is conducted under and over rollers and through a trough
filled with water wherein it is washed and is also brought in contact with revolving
brushes which remove any fragments of pulp that may still adhere to it.
Although it is preferred to employ drying apparatus arranged as herein before
described this arrangement is not absolutely essential to the manufacture of paper
according to this invention.

page_text: "
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON of 47 Lincolns Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex
Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF WATERMARKED PAPER
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of this Invention is to provide means whereby papers presenting
shaded water marks such as are employed for Bank notes and the like can be
produced in Cylinder machines. This result is obtained by providing the paper
making Cylinder with goffered cloths or Cloths presenting designs capable of
producing water marks presenting effects of light and shader in every gradation
whereby the stuff or pulp is moulded in the same manner as in the production of
hand made paper without any distortion of the mark whereas in machine made
water marked paper as heretofore manufactured the water mark is imprinted by
pressure applied to the wet stuff or pulp.
In order to obtain this result with a cylinder machine the construction of the
making-cylinder is modified as hereinafter described a wire cloth or a woven Calico
fabric preferably fustian is employed in place of the wet felt and in place of the
ordinary Copper couch roller covered with felt an extremely soft or elastic couch
roller made of india rubber perforated with holes extending in a direction parallel
with the generating lines of the cylinder or roller is employed. The arrangement
of the drying apparatus is also modified in order to obviate injury to the marks
arising from the action of the drawing rollers.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same and for that purpose shall refer to
the several figures on the annexed sheet of drawings the same letters of reference
indicating corresponding parts in all the figures.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings is a side elevation partly in section, of
a cylinder machine constructed according to this Invention.
Figure 2 represents a longitudinal section of a portion of the machine drawn to
a larger scale.
Figures 3 and 4 represents details of the making cylinder hereinafter described.
The machine is provided with a making-cylinder A which may be simply of the
ordinary construction covered with the goffered or marked cloth herein before
referred but it is preferred to construct or build up the said cylinder with a number
of curved segments or forms preferably of brass in the form of gratings. Figures 3
and 4 represent respectively a longitudinal and a transverse section of one of these
gratings drawn to a larger scale. The said grating is provided with bars f which
as shown in the cross section figure 3 taper towards the exterior and extend
preferably in a direction concentric with the axis of the cylinder being combined
with preferably smaller bars g arranged parallel with the said axis. The effect of
this arrangement is that the paper is made under the same conditions as in the
"Forms" employed in making hand made paper.
In place of the felt usually employed for receiving the paper from the making-
cylinder a wire cloth or a calico or fustian cloth or fabric T is employed and this
cloth is carried round a very elastic india rubber couch roller L perforated with
holes running parallel with the axis of the said roller in order to increase its
elasticity.
Paper with shaded water marks manufactured with this machine would be liable
to be injured by the drying cylinders provided in ordinary cylinder machines and

page_text: '
especially so if caused to pass directly between the first pair of drawing rollers.
It is consequently preferable to employ a drying apparatus arranged as hereinafter
described and illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings.
According to this arrangement the cloth T passes over troughs or boxes M M and
under a roller E and then passes over copper plates S. S³. S¹¹ heated by steam
supplied to casings underneath the said plates. A fan V is arranged between the
plates S¹ and S₁ to drive off the vapour.
At the extremity of the machine farthest from the couch roller L the cloth T is
carried round a perforated drum R in which works a fan V, underneath this fan a
motor and pressing roller N elevates and maintains the tension of the cloth on its
return to the coucher as indicated by the line x, y. z. This roller N also imparts
motion to the other parts of the machine.
A brush B revolving at the side of the perforated drum R detaches the sheets
and facilitates their delivery and a scraper D acts upon the cloth T behind this
brush.
The returning cloth is conducted under and over rollers C. C¹ C" and through a
trough a b filled with water wherein it is washed and is also brought in contact
with revolving brushes B¹ B¹¹ which remove any fragments of pulp that may still
adhere to it.
Although it is preferred to employ drying apparatus arranged as hereinbefore
described this arrangement is not absolutely essential to the manufacture of paper
according to this Invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of said Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is
1st In machinery or apparatus for the manufacture of water marked paper the
employment upon the cylinders of cylinder machines, of endless cloths goffered
so as to be capable of producing water marks presenting graduated effects of light
and shade substantially as herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
2nd In machinery or apparatus for the manufacture of water marked paper the
employment of making cylinders composed of a number of curvilinear forms in
the shape of gratings substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.
3rd In machinery or apparatus for the manufacture of water marked paper the
combination of a metallic or other woven cloth or fabric for laying or couching the
sheets substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
4th In machinery or apparatus for the manufacture of water marked paper the
employment of flexible india rubber couch rollers perforated with holes made
parallel with the axis of the said roller substantially as hereinbefore described and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
5th In the manufacture of water marked paper the employment of a drying
apparatus constructed and arranged substantially as hereinbefore described and
illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings.
6th The general arrangement and combination of parts constituting the machinery
or apparatus for use in the manufacture of water marked paper substantially as
liereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 24th day of October 1884.