Improvements in Telautographs.
Year: 1897

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Telautographs.
I, OLIVER IMRAY, formerly of No. 28, Southampton Buildings, but now of
Birkbeck Bank Chambers, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County
of London, Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
(as communicated to me from abroad by Leon. O. McPherson, of Highland Park,
County of Lake, State of Illinois, United States of America, Electrical Engineer,)
to be as follows:-
In the Specification No. 15876 of 1897 is described a system and apparatus, now
known as telautograph," for reproducing at a distant receiving station copies
of writings or drawings made at a sending station.
The present invention relates to modifications of the construction and arrange-
ment of the instruments and electrical connections for this purpose, whereby the
number of conducting lines from station to station is reduced and the apparatus
is rendered more effective and certain in its operation.
A telautograph installation may be briefly described as follows:-
At the sending station a pen, in writing or drawing, moves two arms jointed to
it at about right angles to each other, and each arm turns a toothed wheel round
in the direction and to the extent determined by the movement of the arm.
These wheels, in turning, act on contact levers by which electrical impulses
are transmitted to the distant receiving station, by two conducting lines one for
each of the pen arms. At the receiving station a motor, preferably electric, urges
two escapement wheels to turn when the impulses transmitted from the sending
station, by operating anchors permit the wheels to turn in the direction and to the
extent corresponding with the movements of the sending wheels. The receiving
wheels thus worked move two arms jointed to a pen, causing it to trace a copy of
the lines drawn by the sending pen.
Besides the movement of the receiving pen, the transmitted electric currents
operate devices for starting the motor, feeding the paper on which the copy is
made; and for raising and lowering the pen so that it can trace on the paper.
For determining the direction of the transmitted currents, the axis of the send-
ing wheel has slightly clamped on it a lever arm which according as the wheel
turns in the one direction or the other makes a contact for the + or the-terminal
of a battery. In order to provide against this lever arm remaining in a neutral
position so that no current would be transmitted, as might occur during certain
small movements and pauses of the sending pen, the sending wheel is made of
magnetic material and it, as well as the arm which is slightly clamped on its axis,
is magnetised by a permanent magnet in close proximity. The arm thus magnet-
ised has at its end two teeth facing two teeth on another magnetic lever. By the
least movement of the clamp arm to right or left the one or other of its teeth
attracting more powerfully than the other the corresponding tooth of the magnetic
lever, causes it to move to the one side or the other making contact for a + or
mont

page_text: -
Theor
current passes through resistances of different magnitudes on its
way to line, but the transmission of these is farther determined by the state of the
platten carrying the paper on which the sending pen presses. This platten, accord-
ing as it is depressed by the pen or held up by a spring, when the pen is lifted,
moves a contact lever which puts a battery in connection with the one or the other
of two electro-magnets, and these, in their turn, move a contact lever connect-
ing the line with one or other of the resistance coils above mentioned. The said
contact lever effects this operation for both lines which are equally affected by the
sending pen being on or off the paper. In order to give certainty to the move-
ments of this contact lever, at the same time dispensing with the electromagnets
for moving it, the following arrangement is adopted. The platten when raised
by the spring or lowered by the pressure of the pen moves à lever of magnetic
material which is magnetised by the close proximity of a permanent magnet, this
lever having at its end, two teeth facing two teeth on an oppositely magnetised
contact lever and acting on it in the same way as has already been described with
reference to the clamp lever.
Thus each line receives electric impulses depending as to their direction and
strength upon the direction of motion of the arm of the sending pen and upon the
pen pressing or not on the paper, and depending as to their number upon the
distance moved by the pen arm.
For the purpose of lowering the receiving pen, which is usually held up from
the paper by a spring raising a rod lying under the pen arms, the currents trans-
mitted by each line pass through an induction coil the core of which attract a
spring armature lever operating contacts which put an electromagnet in circuit
with a local battery. This electromagnet when energised. attracts downwards the
spring lever which supports the pen arms allowing the pen to descend and bear
on the paper whenever the sending pen bears on the paper.
The cores of the induction coils above mentioned also operate spring contact
levers putting a local battery in circuit with the electric motor and with another
electromagnet
The motor gives rotation to a roller above which there is mounted
another roller, and the paper to be written on is held between these rollers, but
out of contact with the lower roller by springs on which the paper rests.
When the electromagnet last mentioned is energised its armature being attracted
lowers the upper roller so that the paper, being pressed between it and the lower
roller, is advanced until a spring pawl engages in a notch of a star wheel on the
axis of the upper roller, this spring pawl cutting the electromagnet out of circuit
and thereby stopping the advance of the paper. Another spring pawl however is
moved by a tooth of the star wheel to such a position that the electromagnet is
again brought into circuit and the paper is advanced a little farther. There being
similar paper feed apparatus at the sending station, the movements for effecting
advance of the paper there when the pen is off, cut off and transmit the currents
to the induction coils by which the paper at the receiving station is correspondingly
advanced.
The induction coils above mentioned, the cores of which serve for the lowering
of the pen and the movement of the paper, have their primary coils in circuit with
their respective lines.
The currents after passing through each of these, operate a polarised relay by
which a local battery is brought into circuit to energise an electromagnet which
effects the reversal of the rotation of the receiver wheels when they are permitted
to rotate. The currents induced in the secondary wire of each induction coil
actuates a polarised relay which brings electromagnets alternately in circuit with
a local battery, causing an escapement anchor to release teeth of the receiving
escapement wheel allowing it to turn to an extent determined by the number of
impulses and thereby moving the receiving pen arm a distance and in a direction
corresponding to the movement of the sending pen arm. Instead of employing an
induction coil for working the escapement anchor, a condenser may be employed,

page_text: the main line having a connection to the one set of plates and the polarised relay
being connected to the other set of plates.
By employing, either an induction coil or a condenser as above described,
currents are obtained which are induced not only by the alternations and inter-
missions but also by the changes of strength of the main line currents as deter-
mined by the varied resistances through which they are transmitted, and thus it
becomes possible to effect all the telautograph operations by the employment of
two line wires transmitting primary currents alternated, intermitted and varied
in strength.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
I, OLIVER IMRAY, of Birbeck Bank Chambers, Southampton Buildings, Chancery
Lane, in the County of London, Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention (as communicated to me from abroad by Leon. O. McPherson, of
Highland Park, County of Lake, State of Illinois, United States of America, Electrical
Engineer,) and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
In the Specification No. 15876 of 1897 is described a system and apparatus now
known as "telautograph" for reproducing at a distant receiving station copies
of writings or drawings made at a sending station.
The present invention relates to modifications of the construction and arrange-
ment of the instruments and electrical connections for this purpose, whereby the
number of conducting lines from station to station is reduced and the apparatus
is rendered more effective and certain in its operation. A telautograph instal-
lation may be briefly described as follows:-
At the sending station a pen, in writing or drawing, moves two arms jointed to
it at about right angles to each other and each arm turns a toothed wheel round
in the direction and to the extent determined by the movement of the arm.
These wheels in turning, act on contact levers by which electrical impulses
are transmitted to the distant receiving station by two conducting lines one for
each of the pen arms.
At, the receiving station a motor, preferably electric, urges two escapement wheels
to turn when the impulses transmitted from the sending station by operating
anchors permit the wheels to turn in the direction and to the extent corresponding
with the movements of the sending wheels. The receiving wheels thus worked
move two arms jointed to a pen, causing it to trace a copy of the lines drawn by
the sending pen.
Besides the movement of the receiving pen, the transmitted electric currents
operate devices for starting the motor feeding the paper on which the copy is
made, and for raising and lowering the receiving pen so that it can trace on the
paper.
-
For determining the direction of the transmitted currents the axis of the send-
ing wheel has slightly clamped on it a lever arm which according as the wheel
turns in the one direction or the other makes a contact for the + or the terminal
of a battery. In order to provide against this lever arm remaining in a neutral
position so that no current would be transmitted, as might occur during certain
small movements and pauses of the sending pen, the sending wheel is made of

page_text: magnetic material and it, as well as the arm which is slightly clamped on its axis,
is magnetised by a permanent magnet in close proximity. The arm thus magnet-
ised has at its end two teeth facing two teeth on another magnetic lever. By the
least movement of the clamp arm to right or left the one or other of its teeth
attracting more powerfully than the other the corresponding tooth of the magnetic
lever, causes it to move to the one side or the other making contact for a + or
a - current.
The or
-
current passes through resistances of different magnitudes on its
way to line, but the transmission of these is farther determined by the state of the
platten carrying the paper on which the sending pen presses. This platten, accord-
ing as it is depressed by the pen or held up by a spring, when the pen is lifted,
moves a contact lever which puts a battery in connection with the one or the other
of two electro-magnets, and these, in their turn, move a contact lever connect-
ing the line with one or the other of the resistance coils above mentioned.
The said contact lever effects this operation for both lines which are equally
affected by the sending pen being on or off the paper.
In order to give certainty to the movements of this contact lever, at the same
time dispensing with the electro-magnets for moving it, the following arrange-
ment is adopted. The platten when raised by the spring or lowered by the pressure
of the pen moves a lever of magnetic material which is magnetised by the close
proximity of a permanent magnet, this lever having at its end two teeth facing
two teeth on an oppositely magnetised contact lever and acting on it in the same
way as has already been described with reference to the clamp lever.
Thus each line receives electric impulses depending as to their direction and
strength upon the direction of motion of the arm of the sending pen and upon the
pen pressing or not on the paper, and depending as to their number upon the
distance moved by the pen arm.
For the purpose of lowering the receiving pen, which is usually held up from
the paper by a spring raising a rod lying under the pen arms, the currents trans-
mitted by each line pass through an induction coil the core of which attracts a
spring armature lever operating contacts which put an electro magnet in circuit
with a local battery. This electro magnet when energised attracts downwards the
spring lever which supports the pen arms allowing the pen to descend and bear
on the paper whenever the sending pen bears on the paper.
The cores of the induction coils above mentioned also operate spring contact
levers putting a local battery in circuit with the electric motor and with another
electro-magnet. The motor gives rotation to a roller above which there is mounted
another roller, and the paper to be written on is held between these rollers, but
out of contact with the lower roller by springs on which the paper rests.
When the electromagnet last mentioned is energised its armature being attracted
lowers the upper roller so that the paper, being pressed between it and the lower
roller, is advanced until a spring pawl engages in a notch of a star wheel on the
axis of the upper roller, this spring pawl cutting the electromagnet out of circuit
and thereby stopping the advance of the paper. Another spring pawl however is
moved by a tooth of the star wheel to such a position that the electromagnet is
again brought into circuit and the paper is advanced a little farther. There being
similar paper feed apparatus at the sending station, the movements for effecting
advance of the paper there when the pen is off, cut off and transmit the currents
to the induction coils by. which the paper at the receiving station is correspondingly
advanced.
The induction coils above mentioned the cores of which serve for the lowering
of the pen and the movement of the paper, have their primary coils in circuit with
their respective lines.
The currents after passing through each of these operate a polarised relay by
which a local battery is brought into circuit to energise an electromagnet which
effects the reversal of the rotation of the receiver wheels when they are permitted
to rotate. The currents induced in the secondary wire of each induction coil

page_text: actuates a polarised relay which brings electro-magnets alternately in circuit with
a local battery, causing an escapement anchor to release teeth of the receiving
escapement wheel allowing it to turn to an extent determined by the number of
impulses and thereby moving the receiving pen arm a distance and in a direction
corresponding to the movement of the sending pen arm. Instead of employing an
induction coil for working the escapement anchor, a condenser may be employed,
the main line having a connection to the one set of plates and the polarised relay
being connected to the other set of plates.
.
By employing. either an induction coil or a condenser as above described
currents are obtained which are induced not only by the alternations and inter-
missions but also by the changes of strength of the main line currents as deter-
mined by the varied resistances through which they are transmitted and thus it
becomes possible to effect all the telaŭtograph operations by the employment of
two line wires transmitting primary currents alternated, intermitted and varied
in strength. In what follows is described a telautograph installation arranged
according to the present invention referring to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a plan shewing diagrammatically the arrangement of the various parts
of the sending and receiving apparatus and their electrical connections.
Fig. 2 is a section of the apparatus on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1.-Figs. 3 and 4
are similar elevations of the master switch A shewing it in two positions.
Figs. 5, 6 and 7 are respectively a front view, a side view, and a plan of the
magnetic contact apparatus B, operated by the platten C.
Figs. 8 and 9 are respectively a side view and plan of one of the contact
apparatus ID operated by the transmitting arms E¹ E².
Fig. 10 is a plan of one of the escapements F1 F2 which operate the receiving
arms G1 G2.
As shewn in Fig. 1 there is a platten C carrying the paper on which is written
the transmitted matter on its front part C¹ and the received matter on its back
part C³.
The sending style e moving over the paper on C₁ depresses the platten and
thereby brings into operation the magnetic contact apparatus B, as will presently
be described. To the style e are jointed two arms EE which act respectively
on the two contact apparatus D1 D2 whereby a series of currents are transmitted,
the number of these currents being proportional to the distance moved by the
arms EF and the polarity of the currents being determined by the direction in
which these arms move. M is an electric motor which by means of worm gear
works rollers at H for advancing the paper along the platten and also by worm
gear works springs which drives a pair of shafts working the two escape-
ments FF2,
These move the arms G1 G2 through distances and in the directions correspond-
ing to the movements of the arms E E2 and the receiving peng reproduces upon
the paper on C a copy of the matter traced on the paper on C.
Although the apparatus at each end of the line consists of receiving as well as of
transmitting apparatus it is to be understood that when the transmitting apparatus
at the one end of the line is in use only the receiving apparatus at the other end
operates and conversely.
The switch A shewn in Figures 3 and 4 in its normal condition connects the
line to the receiving apparatus but on depressing a knob 1 and thereby releasing
a spring catch 2 a plate 3 carrying eight insulated contact pieces on which springs 4
bear is raised by a spring thereby altering the contacts so as to put the transmitting
apparatus into operative condition. When this is the condition the operator at
the end of each line of his writing depresses the knob 1, which operates contacts
having the effect of moving the paper at both ends of the line through a certain
distance sufficient for a fresh line of writing. By means of another knob 5, the
plate 3 is depressed to its position for receiving in which position it is held by the
catch 2 but when the operator has transmitted his message he depresses the knob 5
farther and he thereby causes a contact to be made at 6 which has the effect of

page_text: causing a continued movement of the paper until the whole width written on
passes the receiving part C of the platten so that there is then a fresh paper surface
on the platten for receiving as well as for transmitting.
The magnetic contact apparatus B shewn in Figs. 5, 6 and 7 has a spring urged
lever one end of which is depressed by the platten C, when the transmitting style
presses on the paper. To this lever is attached a piece of iron 8 which, in its'
normal position shewn in Fig. 5, is near the lower projections of two three armed
contact levers 9 and 10 which being arranged in slots formed in the arms of a
permanent magnet 11 are magnetised.
Their lower projections being thus nearer to the iron 8 than the upper projec-
tions are attracted and consequently maintain the lower contacts at 12 and 13 but
when the lever 7 is depressed in the act of transmitting it raises the piece of iron 8
and so brings it nearer the upper projections of the levers 9 and 10 thereby causing
them to break the lower contacts and make the upper contacts at 12 and 13.
The contact apparatus for transmitting as shown in Figs. 8 and 9, has a per-
manent magnet presenting three upright limbs of which 14 and 15 are of opposite
polarity and the third 16 is of the same polarity as 14. An iron finely toothed
wheel 17 is polarised by its vicinity to the limb 15. This wheel is on the same
spindle with the pulley 18 which is moved in the one direction or the other by the
transmitting arm E', this arm having attached to it a cord which passes round
the pulley. The wheel 17 is embraced between two arms of a lever 19, which have
certain frictional pressure on the wheel so that according to the direction in which
the wheel is moved this lever is moved to the onc side or the other between stop
screws and when so moved it remains in position while the wheel 17 goes on
revolving being again moved to the other side when the direction of the wheel
changes.
The lever 19 which is magnetised by its vicinity to the wheel 17 and limb 15,
according as it lies to the one side or the other attracts the one or the other end
of a pallet 20 on the spindle of a contact lever 21 this pallet being magnetised by
its vicinity to the limb 16. In this way the one or the other of two contacts is
made at 22. On the limb 14 is mounted a similar polarised pallet 23 which having
its ends alternately attracted by the teeth of the wheel 17 is caused to vibrate as
the wheel revolves making alternate contacts at 24 proportional in number to the
extent of revolution of the wheel and therefore to the extent of movement of the
arm E.
Referring now to Fig. 2 the spindle of the motor M is freely coupled at 25 to
a spindle which can slide through but drive a worm 26 gearing with a worm
wheel 27 which is on a spindle carrying two paper feed rollers 28. The spindle
of the worm is again freely coupled at 29 to the spindle of the gear N for driving
the escapements. This gear consists of a worm 30 gearing with a wheel 31. This
wheel through differential gear winds two helical springs 32 one on either hand,
and each of these springs drives a pair of friction discs 33 having between them an
upright spindle carrying a disc 34 and a pulley 35. This spindle is mounted upon
a lever 36 urged in the one direction by a spring and in the other direction by the
attraction of an electro magnet 37 on its armature 38 on which the lever 36 is
pivotted. According as the magnet 37 is or is not excited the disc 34 is pressed
against the one or other of the two friction discs 33 and the pulley 35 is thus caused
to revolve in the one or the other direction. When the springs 32 are wound up
to a certain extent sufficient to work the receiving apparatus, as will be presently
described, the worm 30, instead of farther driving the wheel screws itself along
moving its spindle which acts on a spring lever 39 causing it to break contact
at 40, whereby the motor circuit is opened and the motor ceases to revolve. When
under these circumstances the motor happens to be moved by currents in another
circuit for the purpose of feeding the paper the armature 41 of an electromagnet
is attracted separating the coupling 29 and consequently the spring winding worm
ceases to revolve, even though the motor M remains in action."
Above the paper feeding rollers 28 another roller 42 is mounted on a frame to

page_text: which the armature 41 is attached, so that when this armature is attracted the
roller 42 is pressed down carrying down the paper which passes between it and
springs 43; these springs usually keep the paper off the lower rollers 28 but when
the armature 41 is attracted the paper is gripped between the upper roller 42 and
the lower rollers 28 and is fed onwards when the latter revolve.
The escapement F by which the receiving arm G¹ is worked is shewn in plan
in Figure 10. It has a finely toothed wheel 44 on the spindle of a pulley 45 which
is connected by a band to the pulley 35. This wheel 44 is controlled by an anchor 46
forming part of a lever having two armatures at 47 between the poles of two
electro-magnets. According as these are alternately excited the anchor is caused
to vibrate permitting the wheel 44 to revolve through as many teeth as there are
alternate excitations of the two magnets. As these excitations are determined
by the contacts made at 24 which result from the revolution of the wheel 17 driven
by the transmitting arm E the arm G which is moved by a pulley 48 on the spindle
of the wheel 46 has the same movements as the transmitting arm E.
Both the arms G' G are usually held a little up so that the receiving style g
does not touch the paper while the apparatus is used for transmitting; but when
it is put in condition for receiving by depressing the knob 5 then a bar 50, which
is usually held up by a spring acting on an arm of an armature lever 51 when the
platten is depressed by the transmitting style is drawn down by the attraction of
an electro-magnet 52 and so allows the arm G and G2 to descend so that the receiv-
ing style g bears on the paper.
In the diagram Figure 1 the conducting lines which connect to the distant
station start from the master switch A and are marked a¹ a throughout the
diagram the conducting lines are dotted the marks + and indicate connections
to the and terminals of batteries which are not shewn, Z indicates connection
to earth, R indicates resistances of various strengths P1 P2 polarised relays and I
induction coils.
For transmitting the apparatus operates as follows:-
The knob 1 being pushed down brings the master switch A to the position shewn
in Figure 4 which has the effect of connecting the battery terminals to the con-
tacts at 22 of the contact apparatus D¹ D³ so that currents as determined at 22 can
pass through the contacts at 24 and thus bring into circuit some of the resistances R
of different magnitudes as determined by the contacts at 12 and 13 of B which are
dependent on the position of the platten C that is to say whether it is up or pressed
down by the transmitting style. Owing to the resistance then brought into circuit
a series of currents of intermittently varying strength pass to the distant station.
When the platten is depressed the right hand currents vary between limits of
greater strength than those on the left hand but when the platten is not depressed
this condition is reversed. The master switch at the distant station is in the
position shewn in Figure 3 suited for receiving. The currents of intermittently
varying strength transmitted as above described pass by the lines a¹ a² to the
master switch A at the distant station and thence through the primaries of the
induction coils I and the polarised relays P¹ to earth Z. The intermittent currents
induce alternating currents in the secondaries of the induction coils and these
currents acting on the polarised relays 12 cause these armatures to vibrate operat-
ing contacts whereby the electro-magnets of the escapements F1 F2 are alternately
energised and cause the anchor to vibrate, allowing the wheel 44 to revolve and
move the receiving style g.
Each of the induction coils I has a core faced by a spring armature governing
contacts for circuits through the motor M, the electro-magnet which has the
armature lever 41 controlling the movement of the paper and the magnet 52 which
lowers the bar 50 to allow the receiving style g to bear on the paper. On the ends
of the upper paper roller 42 are rotary commutators 53 and 54 which make and
break the circuits determined by the armatures of the induction coils. The com-
mutator 53 after revolving a certain distance breaks the contact which completes

page_text: one of the circuits of the motor M. thus stopping the motor unless its other circuit
is closed. The commutator 54 when the roller 42 makes a partial revolution closes
the local circuits of the receiving apparatus. When it afterwards makes another
partial revolution it opens these circuits leaving the apparatus in its normal con-
dition, that is to say, ready for receiving.
It is to be understood that the apparatus and constructions shewn in Fig. 1 are
repeated identically at the distant station and are connected to those of the near
station by the lines a¹ a²; also much of the apparatus and connections on the one
side are repeated on the other side in each case. Taking the left hand side, the
principal circuits are as follows:-
When the apparatus is in condition for receiving the currents from the distant
station arriving by line a pass through one of the springs 4 of the switch A, the
upper plate on which the spring bears to the primary coil of I, coil of relay P¹ to
earth Z. As the strength of this current is varied by the distant transmitting
mechanism it induces alternating currents in the secondary coil of I. These
currents pass from I to the relay P2 causing its armature to vibrate whereby
currents from +p, through contact 6 commutator 54 and armature of 12 pass to
the coils of the magnet of the escapement F1 causing its anchor 47 to vibrate and
the arm G to travel. When the direction of the current from a¹ is changed the
armature of the relay P¹ is moved making a contact by which the current from + p
passed through the coil of the magnet 37 to -p. When the current in the
primary of the induction coil I is of considerable strength its armatures are
attracted making a contact at i by which current from + p passes to commutator 53
the coil of the magnet under 41, and the motor M. to - m.
When the one armature falls back breaking contact at i and making contact a 2¹
and the other armature also falls back on the current passes from 1 to thence
to commutator 53 the coil of the magnet under 41 the motor M and
m.
When the mechanism is at work there is contact at 24 and when the current in
the primary of the left induction coil I is weak there is also a contact at closing
a circuit from +9 through the coil of the magnet 52 to 23 and 24 to
q; but when
the current is strong there is no contact at 3, and the armature of 52 is not attracted.
When for transmitting a message the plate of the switch A is in its raised
position, current from +r passes by a¹ to contact at 22 thence to 23 through two
of the resistances R to contact at 13 back to plate of the switch A and one of
the springs 4 to line a¹.
When the springs 32 are being wound up, while there is still contact at 40,
current passes from +m through 40 and a resistance R to the motor M and
- m.
When the plate of the switch A is pressed quite down by the knob 5 for the purpose
of moving the paper containing the message just transmitted far enough to give
fresh space for receiving a message, two contacts are made at 6. By one of these,
current from + ? passes to contact thence to 23 and by one brush of the com-
mutator 53 to the coil of the magnet under 41, the motor M. and m. By the
other contact at 6 current passes from + p. to the other brush of the commutator.
When the paper has to be moved equally at both stations for a fresh line, the
depression of knob 1 makes only one contact at 6, bringing into circuit the one
brush of the commutator 53, and when the knob 1 is released, a contact is made att
closing the circuit for the other brush.
_
It is to be understood that the marks + and though dispersed ever the diagram
represent the terminals of a single battery which has its middle connected to
earth. The line a² serves for operating in a similar manner the mechanism on
the right side of the diagram.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. The herein described method of producing alternating currents at the distant
station by transmitting currents of varying strength as determined by greater or

page_text: less resistances to the primaries of induction coils whereby alternating currents
are induced in their secondaries.
2. The master switch A arranged and operating substantially as described with
reference to Figures 3 and 4.
3. The magnetic contact apparatus B, arranged and operated substantially as
described with reference to Figures 5, 6 and 7.
4. The contact apparatus D substantially as described with reference to Figures 8
and 9.
5. The escapement F substantially as described with reference to Figure 10.
6. The combination of the motor M the paper feeding apparatus H and the
gear N for driving the escapement substantially as described with reference to
Figure 2.
7. Utilising the cores of the induction coils as electromagnets to operate con-
tact levers, substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth.
Dated this 11th day of August 1898.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.