"MAKING AND WORKING OF MACHINES FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING OF WOOL, COTTON, FLAX, HEMP, AND VARIOUS OTHER MATERIALS, WITHOUT ANY DRUMS OR BELTS IN THE INSIDES OF SUCH MACHINES, AND WHICH MACHINES MAY BE WORKED OR USED BY WATER, STEAM, OR HORSE MILLS, OR BY ANY OTHER MOVING POWER
Year: 1798

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
SELLARS, of the City of Bristol, Machine Maker, send greeting, and so forth..
WHEREAS the King's most Excellent Majesty, by His Letters Patent
bearing date at Westminster, the Eighteenth day of April last, did give
and grant unto ine, my executors, administrators, and assigns, the sole
priviledge, during the term of years therein mentioned, to exercise my Inven-
tion of "MAKING AND WORKING OF MACHINES FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING OF
WOOL, COTTON, FLAX, HEMP, AND VARIOUS OTHER MATERIALS, WITHOUT ANY DRUMS
OR BELTS IN THE INSIDES OF SUCH MACHINES, AND WHICH MACHINES MAY BE
WORKED OR USED BY WATER, STEAM, OR HORSE MILLS, OR BY ANY OTHER MOVING
POWER;" within that part of the Kingdom of Great Britain called England,
Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, which said Letters
Patent are, by a proviso therein contained, made defeazible, in case I should
not particularly describe my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
and cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery,
within one calendar month after the date of the said Letters Patent, as by
the said Letters Patent, on reference thereto had, will more fully appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Sellars, in pursuance of the
said proviso, have particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, in and by the
Drawings annexed to this present deed or instrument, in writing under my
hand and seal, and in and by the explanation of such Drawings herein-after
contained, that is to say:-
Figure 1 represents a small spinning frame of one head or case, which was

page_text: adopted as the most convenient size to make a drawing from. Frames in
general are made to contain twenty-four spindles or six heads or cases;
and the said Figure One describes one sixth part of such frame, because
exactly the same movements are necessary for each head or case, and are to be
repeated and attached to the shafts as often as there are heads or cases in a
frame. By this improvement the spindles and rollers of one or more heads
are stop'd at pleasure, whilst the shaft has its full action from the first power
of motion. A the wood frame, which in the Drawing is represented to be
thirty-three inches wide in front. This exceeds the width necessary for one case,
but is extended for the purpose of introducing and shewing the situation of
the bearers E, which are necessary to be applied when the shaft is extended
beyond the length of one case. B 1, a pulley fixed to the shaft C; this pulley
must be connected with the moving power by a band or belt to set the shaft
C in motion. B 2, a loose pully revolving on the shaft C, seperated from the
pully B 1, by a washer. The intent and use of this second pully is. to receive
the band or belt from the first described pully, which leaves the shaft C at rest.
Although the moving power is continued, the band or belt is guided by the
hand from one pully to the other with the greatest facility, and in an instant
either stops or sets the shaft C in motion. C, the iron shaft. The length of
the shaft will always be determined by the number of cases it has to drive; for
instance, if a frame contains six heads or cases for spinning, the shaft will be
from ten to eleven feet long, consequently six times the machinery will attach
to the shaft, as is therein represented. This shaft gives action (without the
assistance of drums or belts, to all the movements of the machine, for whatever
purpose it may be intended, whether for drawing, roving, spinning, doubling,
or laying of cotton, wool, silk, flax, hemp, tow, and all materials of the like
kind. D, the bearings of the shaft, at the extreme ends of the frame, with
collars and screws. E, the front view of the bearers or stays to the shaft,
screwed to the frame A. These bearers are applied to keep the shaft steady in
its work, and are to be placed at convenient distances on the frame for that
purpose. E, Figure 2, side view of the last described bearers screwed to the
frame, and the cap fastened down with collar screws. F, a forked slide or
bayonet composed of the following parts: -f1, the lever or handle; f2, a
guide and stay for the lever or handle to traverse in, which, passing over the
rising part marked in the guide or stay f 3, draws or shifts the bayonet
forward or backward 'on the shaft C. f 4, the shifter on a pivot or stud
screwed to the frame. f 5, the lever or handle attached to the frame. These
several parts compose what is termed the bayonet, and are for the purpose of
throwing the movements in or out of gear. G, a catch to receive the slide or
bayonet. This catch is firmly fixed to the shaft by the screw g, and thro' which

page_text: the bayonet is made to pass, and takes hold of the tumbler H. h, two springs
screwed on the tumbler H, and are placed there to ease the shock of the
bayonet in suddenly shifting when the shaft is in motion. J, a brass tube
which slides on the shaft C. On this tube the tumbler H is screwed at i 1,
the spur wheel K at the left-handed screw i 2, and the bevel gear wheel L
at i 3. This tube, with it's appendages now last described, shifts on the shaft C
as the forked slide or bayonet is drawn either way, so that it appears clear
when the handle which moves the bayonet is thrust to the right hand of f 2,.
the movements both above and beneath the shaft are at rest, consequently, if
thurst to the left hand the motion to the movements is recommenced.. K, a
spur wheel, already described, as screwed to the brass tube J, which gives
motion to the spinning and drawing heads or cases, which the rollers J, J, are
placed to represent. L and M, bevel gear wheels, which give motion to the.
roving cans and spindles by the perpendicular shaft N, on which the pully O is
fixed. P, the step of the shaft or spindle N, screwed to the bottom part of
the frame A. Q, the stay which couples the shaft N to the upper part of the
frame A. R, the same stay bolted to the frame A, with its projecting
bracket, to leave room for the wheel M to work clear. The spiral screw S, at
the end of the shaft C, takes a worm wheel (which is not described in the
Drawing), and gives action to the rising motion.
Fig. 2 drawing frame. The movements and alphabetical references berein,
so far as they extend, are of similar in port to their correspondent letters in the
spinning frame Fig. 1, except that the brass tube J, on the shaft C, having no
bevel gear wheel, there is a small brass socket T screwed to the shaft, which
keeps the brass tube J in its place, and prevents its slipping on the shaft.
Figure 3, lower part of roving frame. The alphibetical references herein are
of similar import to the correspondent letters in the spinning frame Figure 1,
except that O are grooved pullies. They are turned by the bevel gear wheel M,
which communicates by a small cord u 1, to the groov'd pully O 1, on the upper
part of the tin can Z 1, at the bottom of which is another groov'd pulley O 2,
which in like manner communicates by another small cord u 2, with the
other tin can Z 2. A, A, represent the stays attaching the cans to the frame.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Eighth
day of May, in the thirty-eighth year of the reign of our Sovereign
Lord George the Third, by the Grace of God of Great Britain, France,
and Ireland King, Defender of the Faith, and so forth, and in the
year of our Lord One thousand seven hundred and ninety-eight.
WILL" SELLARS. (L.S.)

page_text: JN SPRANGER.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Eighth day of May, in
the year above mentioned, the aforesaid William Sellars came before our
Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained, in form above written. And
also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the
Statute in that case made and provided.