IMPROVE- MENTS IN SEWING MACHINES, AND IN APPLIANCES TO BE USED THEREWITH
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Anderson, Manager of the Singer Manufacturing
Company's Works, Glasgow, North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SEWING MACHINES, AND IN APPLIANCES TO BE USED THEREWITH."
Sealed the 31st July 1877, and dated the 17th May 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Anderson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th May 1877.
ALEXANDER ANDERSON, Manager of the Singer Manufacturing Company's Works,
Glasgow, North Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES, AND IN APPLIANCES
TO BE USED THEREWITH."
This Invention relates, firstly, to a novel arrangement of feed mechanism to be
applied to sewing machines when desired for the purpose of giving a zig-zag feed
to the work.
In adapting this improvement to a machine which has an under feed, I cover the
throat plate by a strip of metal to protect the work from the action of the under
feed, and I remove from the presser bar the ordinary presser foot. In place of this
presser foot I apply to the bar a feeding and presser foot of peculiar construction,
the roughened surface of which is fitted in transverse slides on the under face of the
foot, so that it may be free to move laterally thereon. The stem of this presser foot
slides freely in a bracket piece made fast to the ordinary presser bar, and it rises
and falls therewith. The feeding presser foot has however an independent vertical
motion, and it is held down on the work by means of a coiled spring.
In rear of the presser foot stem is a short horizontal axle which carries an arm
that is caused to bear against the stem, and at the requisite moment tip it forward,
and thus produce the forward feed motion. This short axle also carries a stud,
through which a rocking motion is imparted to the arm by its being borne against
by a shoulder on a slotted rocking arm pivotted to the bracket before mentioned.
Projecting into the slot of this rocking arm is a screw stuil of the needle bar,
which stud, by the vertical up-and-down motions of the needle bar, will rock the
slotted arm, and through it the arm which gives the forward motion to the feeding
presser foot.

page_text: In order to give an endway motion to the sliding feeding plate before men-
tioned the following contrivance is adapted-On the faco of the bracket piece
and near its lowest end a tipping plate is mounted. This plate carries at its upper
end a pendent switch, which is held in a position by a retaining spring secured to
the bracket. The tipping plate is made with two correspondingly-inclined slots,
which severally receive a pin or projection from a vertically-sliding stop, one on
each side of the bracket, the same being fitted therein to slide freely. These stops
are by means of their connection with the tipping plate alternately thrust down, so
as to come in contact with an inclined shoulder of the feeding plate at the time that
the feed motion is taking place, and by intercepting the plate while it is advancing
to feed the work the plate will be thrust sideways in its slide and caused to carry
the work with it; thus a zig-zag forward motion, inclining .alternately to the right
and to the left, will be given to the work, while the needle steadily maintains its
position. The tipping of the plate to produce this irregular motion is effected by
means of a stud on the needle bar, which stud on the descent of that bar passes
under the tail of the switch, and in ascending bears against the shoulder of the
switch, and thereby pushes the tipping plate, say, to the right, when the stop
connected with the right side of the plate will be forced down into a position for
action on the feed plate. On the next descent of the needle the stud will move
down the switch on the side at which it last ascended, and again passing under the
tail of the switch will ascend on the opposite side of the switch, and by acting on
the shoulder at that side of the switch will tip the plate to the left-hand side. The
right-hand stop will by this movement be lifted and the left-hand stop depressed,
and thus as the feed plate again advances that plate will be slidden sideways,
carrying with it the cloth, and making the zig-zag feed in the opposite direction."
To obtain the return or back motion of the pressing and feeding foot the slotted
arm before mentioned is provided with a finger which is brought to bear upon a
stud projecting from the stem of the presser foot, and thereby to lift the presser foot
clear of the work, and impart a return motion thereto after the needle bar has
entered the work.
The Invention relates, secondly, to another method of producing the zig-zag
stitch by a sewing machine having a feed mechanism, and consists in giving an
inward and outward parallel sliding motion to the needle bar at each ascent of the
needle, so that it may descend in parallel vertical lines any desired distance apart.
This motion of the needle bar, as is well understood, with any ordinary feed will
produce the zig-zag stitch.
I mount the needle bar upon the ordinary cam bar or needle bar slide by means
of horizontal pins, which fit and slide in sockets formed or attached to the needle
bar slide. This needle bar is clipped loosely by a fork mounted in the end of a
rocking arm, whose fulcrum is a short shaft mounted in bearings on the bracket
head, and it is rocked by means of a connecting rod from a lever pivotted upon the
bracket arm of the machine. This lever carries at its back a bowle which enters
into the groove of a cam mounted loosely on the main shaft of the machine. This
cam is driven by a train of spur gear from the main shaft, so as to produce one
motion in either direction alternately at each ascent of the needle.
In order to regulate the throw of the needle bar the connecting rod may be
attached to its operating lever, so as to be capable of adjustment to or from its
centre of motion. When it is desired to make the ordinary stitch the attachment
of the connecting rod may be set to coincide with the centre of motion of the
lever.
As an improvement in the top feed for sewing machines I propose so to operate
the feed bar that all tendency to back drag will be removed. The feed bar is
carried by a forked hanger pivotted to the reciprocating vertical sleeve, which is
variously used in this class of machines for presenting the roughened feed foot at
any desired angle to the work. Fitted to the sleeve is a vertical sliding bar, which
carries on its edge a projecting incline that is intended to meet a bevilled corner of
the pivotted hanger, and prevent the hanger with the roughened feed foot from

page_text: moving back until released. An upward tendoncy is given to this sliding bar by
means of a coiled spring, and the pivotted hangor is held towards the sliding bar by
a pressure spring.
The needle bar which works vertically in the sleevo carries a cone-shaped driver,
which imparts the feed motion to the feed bar. This driver as it descends strikes
upon the tail end of the sliding bar, and thereby draws its projecting incline clear
of the hanger, at which time the pressure spring is allowed to act and forco back tho
feeding foot into its back position; this takes place when the feeding foot is clear of
the work.
The depression of the sleeve brings down the feeding foot on to the work in a
position to act at the next ascent of the driver. When the needle rises out of the
work the driver releases its pressure on the sliding bar, and allows the incline of
that bar to bear against the hanger and follow it up in its forward or feed motion.
Thus the hanger, and consequently the feeding foot, will be prevented from moving
backward under the pressure of its spring until, by the return of the needle bar,
the coned driver is caused to drag down the sliding bar clear of the hanger; when
this occurs the feeding foot will at once move to its back position, and thus the top
feed will be converted into a positive four-motion feed similar to the under feed
known by that name.
This Invention relates, thirdly, to a novel arrangement of plaiter to be called a
kilt plaiter, which, without the operation of the sewing machine being arrested, will
by a rapid intermittent action lay folds of any desired width under the vertical
sewing needle.
:
The plaiting or folding blade is carried by a rocking arm, which is pivotted to a
bracket piece that is attached temporarily (for convenience) to the head of the
sewing machine. Between the rocking arm and the bracket piece is a segment
rack which is slotted to receive a guide pin projecting from the inner face of the
rocking arm. Pivotted to the back of the bracket piece is a bell-crank lever, tho
longer arm of which is forked to embrace a stud of the needle bar of the machine,
and receive a reciprocating motion therefrom.
To the shorter arm of the bell-crank lever is fitted a pawle or gripping lever,
which projects through a segment slot in the bracket piece and enters the ratchet
teeth of the segment rack, for the purpose of imparting an endway motion to
the same, and thereby forcing back the plaiting or folding blade to its starting
position.
The forward end of the segment rack is connected to a hook on the plaiter arm
by a spring which will yield to the forward motion of the segment rack, and when
that rack is released will cause it to return with the plaiter arm when the plaiting
blade is put in action; this action is caused by a spring, which couples the-rocking
arm with the bracket piece.
When the segment rack is in its normal position it is held down in contact with
the pawle or gripping lever on the bell-crank lever by means of a bent spring
which is fitted to the rocking arm and moves with it.
In the path of the tail end of the spring is set a pin which is formed with an
inclined face, and is intended to lift the spring out of contact with the back of the
segment rack; this pin is made adjustable, and by its position the width of the
folds or plaits to be made is determined. The pin is carried by a pendent arm
attached to the bracket piece, and a series of holes is made through the bracket to
provide for its adjustment. When the rack has been traversed so far that the end
of its slot comes against the pin of the rocking arm, the rack will in its further
forward motion carry with it the rocking arm with its plaiting or folding blade;
this forward motion will continue until the spring that holds down the segment
ack is tripped by the adjustable piu before mentioned. The spring coupling of the
rocking arin with the bracket piece will then come into action and cause the elastic
blade which presses on the work to carry forward the requisite amount of fabric to
form a fold; when this is done the continued and uninterrupted action of the
sewing machine will secure the fold, and the blade will then be free-to-return to its

page_text: backward position. With the advance however of the rocking arm the segment
rack is brought back to its starting position. In order that it may be brought
again into gear with the pawle it is caused in its back motion to strike upon and
slide under a pin on the bracket piece, and the pressure spring then again bears
upon the segment rack and holds it in contact with the acting pawle. A retaining
pawle is provided to prevent the rack sliding back while the acting pawle is taking
up a fresh position.
i
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Alexander Anderson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 17th
November 1877.
ALEXANDER ANDERSON, Manager of the Singer Manufacturing Company's Works,
Glasgow, North Britain. IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES, AND IN APPLIANCES
TO BE USED THEREWITH."
This Invention relates, firstly, tó a novel arrangement of feed mechanism to be
applied to sewing machines when desired for the purpose of giving a zig-zag feed to
the work.
In adapting this improvement to a machine which has an under feed, I cover the
throat plate by a strip of metal to protect the work from the action of the under
feed, and I remove from the presser bar the ordinary presser foot. In place of this
presser foot I apply to the bar a feeding and presser foot of peculiar construction,
the roughened plate of which is fitted in transverse slides on the under face of the
foot, so that it may be free to move laterally thereon, while the forward feed motion
is being given to the feed foot.
In Sheet 1 of the accompanying drawings,—
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a sewing machine fitted with my improved zig-zag
feed; and Fig. 2 is an end elevation of the same.
Fig. 3 is a side view of the feed mechanism detached and drawn on an enlarged
scale.
Fig. 4 is a view of the feed mechanism, taken at right angles to Fig. 3, or in an
opposite direction to Fig. 2; Fig. 5 is a sectional plan of the same, taken in the line
1, 2, of Fig. 4; and Fig. 6 is a side elevation of the feed mechanisın, taken at the
opposite side to that shewn at Fig. 3.
Referring to Figures 1 and 2, A is the ordinary guide box carried by the bracket
arm B. In this guide box slide the needle bar Cand the presser bar D. Fitted to
the lower end of the presser bar is a bracket piece D', shewn in sectional plan view
at Fig. 7. This bracket piece is forined at its upper end with a hinged socket d,
and at its lower end with a guide d', to receive the stem E of the presser foot E',
which is free to slide therein, and also to rise and fall with the presser bar.
The feeding presser foot has, however, an independent vertical motion, and it is
held down on the work by means of a coiled spring e, and may be lifted by a handle
c to raise the presser foot from the work.
In rear of the presser foot stem is a short horizontal axle F (see the detached
view, Figures 8), which carries an arm ƒ, that is caused to bear against the stem E,
and at the requisite moment tip it forward into the dotted position of Fig. 4, and
thus produce the forward feed inotion. This short axle also carries a stud, through

page_text: which a rocking motion is imparted to the arm f, by its being borne against by a
shoulder on a slotted rocking arm G (shewn detached at Figures 9), which rocking
arm is pivotted to the bracket piece D'. Projecting into the slot of this rocking
arm is a screw stud c of the needle bar C, which stud, by the vertical up-and-down
motion of the needle bar, will rock the slotted arm, and through it the arm which
gives the forward motion to the feeding presser foot. The presser foot E' is rebated
ou its under surface to receive a roughened sliding plate e² (shewn detached at Fig.
10), which plate is free to slido laterally in its guides.
In order to give a sideway motion to the sliding feeding plate e, the following
contrivance is adopted :-On the face of the bracket piece D', and near its lower.end,
a tipping plate H is mounted. This plate carries at its upper end a pendent switch
h, which is held in position by a retaining spring ¹, secured to the bracket D', and
is free to move between stop pins fixed to the plate. The tipping plate is made
with two correspondingly inclined slots 1, 1, which severally receive a pin or pro-
jection 2 from a vertically sliding stop 3, one on each side of the bracket D₁, the
same being fitted therein to slide freely. These stops are by means of their con-
nection with the tipping plate alternately thrust down so as to come in contact with
an inclined shoulder 4 of the feeding plate at the time that the feed motion is taking
place (as shewn in the sectional plan, Fig. 5), and by intercepting the plate while it
is advancing to feed the work, the plate will be thrust sideways in its slide to the
dotted position of Fig. 5, and caused to carry the work with it. Thus a zig-zag
forward motion, inclining alternately to the right and to the left, will be given to
the work while the needle steadily maintains its position. The tipping of the plate
H, to produce this irregular motion, is effected by means of a wedge-shaped stud c²
on the needle bar, which stud on the descent of that bar passes under the tail of
the switch h, and in ascending bears against the shoulder of the switch, and thereby
pushes the tipping plate, say, to the right, when the stop connected with the right
side of the plate will be forced down into a position for action on the feed plate.
On the next descent of the needle, the stud will move down the switch on the side
at which it last ascended, and again passing under the tail of the switch, will ascend
on the opposite side of the switch, and by acting upon the shoulder at that side of
the switch, will tip the plate to the left hand side. The right hand stop will by
this movement be lifted and the left hand stop depressed, and thus as the feed plate
again advances that plate will be slidden sideways, carrying with it the cloth and
making the zig-zag feed in the opposite direction.
To obtain the return or back motion of the pressing and feeding foot the slotted
arm G is provided with a finger g, which is brought to bear upon a stud e³, project-
ing from the stem E of the presser foot (see Fig. 4), and thereby to lift the presser
foot clear of the work and impart a return motion thereto after the needle has
entered the work.
The Invention relates, secondly, to another method of producing the zig-zag stitch
by a sewing machine having a top feed mechanism, and consists in giving an inward
and outward parallel sliding motion to the needle bar at each ascent of the needle,
so that it may descend to pierce the work in two parallel lines at any determined
distance apart. This motion of the needle bar with any ordinary feed will produce
the zig-zag stitch.
In Sheet II., Fig. 1 shows in side elevation so much of a sewing machine with
the improved zig-zag feed motion applied thereto as will serve to explain the nature
of this part of the Invention.
Fig. 2 is a front or end elevation of the machine; and Fig. 3 shows the opposite
side of the machine to that represented at Fig. 1.
In these Figures A is the needle bar mounted on the ordinary cam bar B, which
receives a vertical up-and-down motion from a crank pin on the main driving shaft
C' as usual.
The connection between the needle bar and the sliding cam bar B, is effected by
means of horizontal pins a, projecting from the needle bar A, and sliding in sockets
b, attached to the back of the slide bar. The needle bar is clipped loosely by a

page_text: fork d, mounted in the end of a rocking arm d¹, whose fulcrum is a short shaft D,
mounted in bearings on the bracket head, and carrying at its opposite end an arm
, which is jointed to a rod D¹. This rod serves to rock the shaft D, by reason of
its connection with a lever D2, pivotted upon the bracket arm of the machine. This
lever carries at its back a bowle which enters into the groove of a cain E, mounted
loosely on the main shaft C of the machine. This cam is driven by a train of spur
gear from the main shaft (see the detached view, Fig. 4), so timed as to effect one
revolution of the cam for every two revolutions of the driving shaft C. The groove
of this cam is so shaped that it will rock the lever D2, so as to produce one lateral
motion of the needle in either direction alternately at each ascent of the needle.
In order to regulate the throw of the needle bar the connecting rod D¹ is attached
to its operating lever D2 by a binding nut, which permits of its adjustment towards
or from its contre of motion. When it is desired to make the ordinary stitch, the
attachment of the connecting rod may be set to coincide with the centre of motion
of the lever D, and the lateral motion of the needle as the machine is worked 'will
then cease.
The Invention relates, thirdly, to an improved top feed for sewing machines
whereby the tendency to "back drag" is removed. This result I attain by a
peculiar arrangement for working the feed bar.
In Sheet III., Fig. 1 shows in side elevation so much of a sewing machine with
this improvement applied thereto as will serve to illustrate the nature and operation
of the third head of my Invention.
Fig. 2 is an end elevation of the same, and Figures 3 and 4 are partial side
elevations, showing the feeding mechanism in different positions from that repre-
sented at Fig. 1.
This
In these figures A is the needle bar, carrying at its lower end a cone a.
needle bar works in the centre of a guide box B, which is fitted with a sleeve C
concentric with the needle bar for carrying the feeding mechanism, as in some of
the well known embroidering machines. D is the feed bar, and D¹ the feeding foot.
This feed bar is carried by a forked hanger D2 pivotted to the reciprocating vertical
sleeve C, by the adjustment of which axially the roughened feed foot may be pre-
sented, as is well known, at any desired angle to the work.
Fitted to the sleeve C is a vertical sliding bar E, which carries on its edge a pro-
jecting incline e that is intended to meet a bevilled corner of the pivotted hanger D²,
and prevent the hanger with the roughened feed foot from moving back until
released. An upward tendency is given to this sliding bar by means of a coiled
spring el, and the pivotted hanger is held towards the sliding bar by a pressure
spring d, both springs being secured to the sleeve C. The needle bar A, by means
of the cone a, which it carries at its lower end, imparts the feed motion to the feed
bar by striking an adjustable wedge piece d' carried by the presser bar when the
needle is out of work, as shewn by dots in Fig. 1, and thereby giving the feed
bar a motion in the direction of the arrow in that Figure. Supposing now the
needle to be moving down to enter the work, the square shoulder of the coned driver
on the needle bar will strike a projection on the tail end of the sliding bar E, as
shewn at Fig. 4, and thereby draw its incline e clear of the hanger, at which time
the pressure spring d is allowed to act and force the feeding foot into its back
position, as shewn at Fig. 4. This takes place when the feeding foot is clear of the
work.
The sleeve C receives an upward sliding motion from a rock shaft F, Fig. 1,
which is operated (see Fig. 2): by a crank pin ƒ (projecting from a cam on the
driving shaft) striking the tail end of a rock lever f, which is mounted loosely on
the shaft F, and is connected thereto by means of an adjustable coupling screw,
which enters a slot formed in an arm f² keyed to the rock shaft.
Fitted to the opposite end of this rock shaft is a fork f³, the prongs of which
carry segment pieces, that fit loosely in an annular recess formed on the sleeve C
by means of two parallel projecting flanges. The sleeve is held down by means of
a powerful spring G, Fig. 1, so as to cause the feeding foot to press firmly on the

page_text: work, and the rise of the sleeve, and consequently of the presser foot, is caused by
the rocking of the fork f³ attached to the rock shaft F.
It will now be understood that the depression of the sleeve brings down the
feeding foot on the work in a position to act at the next ascent of the coned
driver a
When the needle rises out of the work the driver a releases its pressure on the
sliding bar E, and allows the incline e of that bar to bear against the hanger, and
follow it up in its forward or feed motion, as shewn at Fig. 3. Thus the hanger,
and consequently the feeding foot, will be prevented from moving backward under
the pressure of its spring until by the return of the needle bar the coned driver is
caused to drag down the sliding bar clear of the hanger. When this occurs the
feeding foot will at once move to its back position, and thus the top feed will be
converted into a positive four-motion feed similar to the under feed known by that
name.
The length of the stitch is regulated by the screw d, which bears against the
wedge piece or tappet d, and thereby determines the amount of motion which the
cone a in its ascent shall impart to the feeding foot.
To prevent the sleeve from turning while the machine is in action a spring
catch c, Fig. 2, is provided, which enters radial V notches, cut in the flanges
before mentioned.
The presser foot is lifted from the work by means of the cam lever bearing on
the under side of a pin ƒ projecting inwards from the cranked end of one of the
prongs of the fork ƒ³
This Invention relates, fourthly, to a novel arrangement of plaiter to be called a
kilt plaiter, which, without the operation of the sewing machine being arrested, will
by a rapid intermittent action, lay folds of any desired width under the vertical
sewing needle.
In Sheet IV. of the accompanying Drawings Fig. 1 shews so much of a sewing
machine with my improved kilter applied thereto as will explain the connection
of this attachment with a sewing machine of ordinary construction. Fig. 2 is a
front view of the same, and Fig. 3 is a back view of the kilter.
In these Figures A is the head or guide box of the sewing machine, and to it is
firmly secured a bracket piece or plate B which forms the framing of the kilter that
serves to carry all the working parts of that apparatus. C is the plaiting or folding
blade, shown in plan view at Fig. 4, and carried by a rocking arm D, shewn detached
at Fig. 5. This arm is pivotted at d to the bracket piece B, which for convenience
is attached temporarily to the head of the sewing machine by a screw a. Between
the rocking arm and the bracket piece is a segment rack E, which is slotted at e, (see
the detached views, Figure 6), to receive a guide pin projecting from the inner
face of the rocking arm D. Pivotted to the back of the bracket piece at f is a bell-
crank lever F, the longer arm of which is forked to embrace a stud of the needle
bar G of the sewing machine in order that it may receive a reciprocating motion
therefrom.
To the shorter arm of the bell-crank lever is fitted a pawle or gripping lever FI,
which projects through a segunent slot in the bracket piece and enters the ratchet
teeth of the segment rack E for the purpose of imparting an endway motion to
the same, and thereby forcing back the plaiting or folding blado C to its starting
position.
The forward end of the segment rack is connected to a hook on the plaiter arm D
by a spring cl which will yield to the forward motion of the segment rack, and when
that rack is released will cause it to return with the plaiter arm to its normal
position when the plaiting blade has acted. This action of the plaiting blade is
caused by a spring &, which couples the rocking arm with the bracket piece or
plate B.
When the segment rack is in its
with the pawle or gripping lever
spring H, which is shewn in edge
normal position it is held down in contact
on the bell-crank lever by means of a bent
view at Fig. 7, that Figure being a section

page_text: of the kilter in the line 1, 2, of Fig. 5. This spring is fitted to the rocking
arm D, and moves with it,, the rocking arm being hollowed out to allow the spring
to project through the arm and take a bearing on the back of the segment rack.
In the path of the tail end of this spring is set a pin i, which is formed with an
inclined face, and is intended to lift the spring at the desired moment out of contact
with the back of the segment rack. The position of this pin is adjustable, and by
its action the width of the folds or plaits to be made is determined. The pin is
carried by a pendent arm I, shewn detached at Figures 8. This arm is attached to
the bracket piece B by a clamping screw i¹, and a series of holes is made through
the bracket piece to permit of the pin i projecting through the bracket piece. When
the rack has been traversed so far that the end of its slot comes against the pin d¹
of the rocking arm, the rack will in its further forward motion carry with it the
rocking arm with its plaiting or folding blade. This forward motion will continue
until the spring H that holds down the segment rack is tripped by the adjustable
pin before mentioned. The spring d which couples the rocking arm D with the
bracket piece B, will then come into action, and cause the elastic blade which presses
on the work to carry forward the requisite amount of fabric to form a fold. When
this is done the continued and uninterrupted action of the sewing machine will
secure the fold, and the blade C will then be free to return to its backward position;
with the advance however of the rocking arm the segment rack is brought back to
its starting position. In order that it may be brought again into gear with the
pawle, it is caused in its back motion to strike upon and slide under a pin or bowle b
on the bracket piece, and the pressure spring H then again bears upon the segment
rack and holds it in contact with the acting pawle. A retaining pawle f is pro-
vided to prevent the rack sliding back while the acting pawle is taking up a fresh
position.
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention of "Improvements in Sewing
Machines, and in Apparatus to be Used therewith," and explained the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that under the above in part
recited Letters Patent I claim,-
First. The arrangement of mechanism described with reference to Sheet I. of the
Drawings whereby (through the lateral shifting of the feed plate while the machine
is in action) a zig-zag course of sewing is produced.
Second. The arrangement of mechanismi described with reference to Sheet II. of
the Drawings, whereby (through the lateral shifting of the needle bar while the
machine is in action) a zig-zag course of sewing is produced.
Third. The arrangement of top feed as described with reference to Sheet III. of
the Drawings, whereby all tendency to "back drag" will be removed.
Fourth. The arrangement of mechanism described with reference to Sheet IV. of
the Drawings whereby (without the operation of the sewing machine being arrested)
folds of any desired width may be laid under the vertical needle.
: In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Anderson, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, the Fifteenth day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
ALEXANDER ANDERSON. (L.S.)