matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING PHOSPHATES AND PHOSPHATIC MANURES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hargreaves at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
April 1868.
I, JAMES HARGREAVES, of Darlington, in the County of Durham,
Analytical Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING PHOSPHATES AND PHOSPHATIC MANURES," to
be as follows:-
When malleable iron or steel is made from cast iron by the reaction
of certain salts of soda and potassa, such as the nitrates, nitrites,
chromates, and manganates, the phosphorous which may be contained
in or combined with the cast iron becomes fixed in combination with the
soda or potassa of the said salts in the form of phosphate of soda and
phosphate of potassa in the products known as "steel slag" and steel
cinder mentioned in the Letters Patent granted to me A.D. 1867
and numbered respectively 2046 and 2114.
I obtain phosphates and nh hatic manures from the said steel slag

page_text: proceed under any of the processes hereafter described or any equivalent
therefor.
First. I separate or extract the phosphates of soda or potassa or
either of them from steel slag or steel cinder by lixiviation or boiling
in water and then concentrating them to dryness, or I separate the 5
phosphates from any carbonate or silicate or other salt of soda or potassa
that may be present by successive crystallized.
Second. I obtain phosphate of lime be reacting upon the aforesaid
phosphates of soda or potassa with lime or any salt containing lime
or calcium and capable of precipitating phosphoric acid and use the 1
iphosphate of lime as manare..
Third. I obtain phosphate of magnesia by reacting upon the aforesaid
phosphate of soda or potassa with magnesia or any salt of magnesia.
Fourth. When the said steel slag or steel cinder contains a sufficiently
large proportion of phosphoric acid I utilize it as manure direct, grinding 1
it preferably to a granular or powdery condition before applying it to
the land.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS AND CAPS AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Vickers at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
September 1868.
I, EDWARD VICKERS, of Compton Street, Goswell Road, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS AND CAPS AND OTHER COVERINGS
FOR THE HEAD," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in certain improvements in the manufacture
and preparation of the foundations or bodies of hats and caps and
other coverings for the head, whereby the same are obtained much more
economically than by the methods previously in usc, whilst they possess
considerable strength and durability. The material employed is paper,
pasteboard, or cloth, or any other material or combination of materials
adapted for the purpose and capable of being subjected to the treatment
herein-after mentioned. The material is first covered with a coating
of size and water, and then exposed to the influence of artificial heat
until it is thoroughly dried. The material is then soaked in or damped
with water for several hours, and having been saturated with soft soap
and water is blocked into the desired shape by the usual and well-

page_text: be
known means and machinery applicable to the purpose. The foundations
or bodies thus prepared are free from cracks and flaws, and having been
dried, are ready to receive any covering or coverings which it may
desired to place on them, according to the description of article which
it is intended shall be manufactured.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMBING WOOL, SILK, FLAX, HAIR, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Whitehead at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th June 1868.
I, THOMAS WHITEHEAD, of Holbeck, in Leeds, in the County of York,
Machine and Tool Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMBING WOOL, SILK, FLAX,
HAIR, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the application of nipper rollers or other
holders to any description of combing machines known or used in the
combing trade. The nipper rollers or other holders are placed between
the feeding apparatus and the drawing-off rollers so as to take hold of
the fibre and partly draw it through the pins of the passing or travelling
comb, and when the fibrous material has been pressed into the pins or
teeth of the passing or travelling comb, with the cleaned end protruding,
the comb moves forward towards the drawing-off rollers; the nippers
being open whilst the fibre is being passed through are then closed and
moved from the travelling comb by suitable mechanical means, drawing
the fibre forward in the pins of the travelling comb; the nippers then

page_text: open and are moved back to the travelling or passing comb, when they
again take hold of the fibre, as first before described. This motion being
continued draws the fibre forward, and thereby makes more cleaned fibre
or top and less noil.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MALLETS USED IN PLAYING THE GAME OF CROQUET AND IN SIMILAR GAMES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Gillard Camp at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd May 1868.
'I, EDWIN GILLARD CAMP, of 37, College Green, in the City and
County of Bristol, Toy Vendor, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MALLETS USED IN PLAYING THE GAME
OF CROQUET AND IN SIMILAR GAMES," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in capping one or both ends of such
mallets with caoutchouc (vulcanized or not) leather or similar material,
or with caoutchouc, leather, and other material in combination; when
I use caoutchouc or other elastic material or materials I make use
either wholly or in part of their elasticity to attach them to the wooden
mallet in one of the under-mentioned or similar ways. To clip the
end of the mallet, after the manner of a capsule, to fit into an under-
cut recess or recesses in the end of the mallet after the manner of
a plug; to fit into a hole in the end of the mallet also like a plug,
and to be secured there by a pin or pins passing through it; or to be
strained over the end of the mallet, and held there by tyeing. When
I use other material or materials either singly or in combination not

page_text: elastic enough for any of the foregoing methods of attachment it is
to be understood that I tie, sew, stick, nail, or screw them on as
most convenient.
It must be understood that what I desire to patent is, the covering
one or both ends of such percussion instruments as croquet mallets &
with caps made from materials more or less elastic, and having for
its objects the rendering mallets and balls more durable, preventing
the rapid wearing off of distinctive colors on balls, lessening the risk
of fracturing handles of mallets, obviating the jar felt in the arm
of a player when a ball is struck hard, striking and driving balls with 1
greater precision and with a greater range of percussive force.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STORING MEAT POR TRANSPORT, WHEREBY IT MAY BE PRESERVED, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Spence and William
Anderson Smith at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 4th January 1868.
We, PETER SPENCE, of Newton Heath, Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Manufacturing Chemist, and WILLIAM ANDERSON SMITH, of
Manchester, aforesaid, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STORING MEAT POR TRANSPORT, WHEREBY IT MAY
BE PRESERVED, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in a method of storing meat whereby it may
be frozen or sufficiently reduced in temperature to be preserved in a
wholesome condition.
Supposing the meat is to be shipped from a foreign country we furnish
the ship which is to receive it with tanks, in which the meat is placed.
These tanks are provided with suitable communications by which a
current of air of lowered temperature may be caused to pass through

page_text: them, whereby the meat is frozen or partially so. The tanks need not be
air-tight, but may be covered in any ordinary manner to prevent a waste
of cold air. The current of air used may be lowered to the required
temperature by compression or by the ammonia or other processes well
understood.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGISTERING PASSENGERS TRAVELLING BY PUBLIC VEHICLES AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CERTAIN VEHICLES TO BE USED IN COMBINATION THEREWITH
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Moss at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
March 1868.
I, FREDERICK Moss, of Eccles, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR REGISTERING PASSENGERS TRAVELLING BY PUBLIC VEHICLES AND IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF CERTAIN VEHICLES TO BE USED IN COMBINATION THEREWITH," to
be as follows:-
The Invention is designed for the purpose of ascertaining and
registering the number of passengers travelling by omnibuses, tramway
carriages, and other public vehicles in such a manner that the guard
or money taker shall be responsible for money representing each person
so travelling.
The improvements consist in the application and use of an ordinary
admitting registering turnstile, or hinged door, or bar which will register
and admit only one person at once and only in one direction, and also
of an exit turnstile, door, or bar opening in the opposite direction; these
may either be arranged at the hinder part of the vehicle in the doorway
now used, the entrance being placed at the left side so as to take up

page_text: passengers readily, and the exit being on the right, or the entrance and
exit may be at different parts of the vehicle so as to enter at one
doorway and leave by another, and by so arranging or constructing the
vehicle the passengers using the outside may pass through the same
entrance and exit as the inside passengers. The guard has by this
arrangement no occasion to enter the vehicle, but may receive the
payment on a table or plate near the exit apparatus and in sight of all
the inside passengers, the dial of the registering apparatus connected
with the turnstile or door being also visible.
A NOVEL KIND OF SWEETMEAT
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Godge at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 31st December 1868.-A communication from abroad by
François Aroud, of the Firm of François Aroud and Company, of
Lyons, France, Chemists and Druggists.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son,
of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NOVEL KIND OF SWEETMEAT," a communication to me from abroad by
François Aroud, of the Firm of François Aroud and Company, of Lyons,
France, Chemist and Druggist, to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to combine nutritive and stimulating
aliment in a concentrated and portable form, tempting to the appetite of
invalids and others.
The ingredients combined in this novel sweetmeat or comfit and their
approximate proportions arc, sugar, 7 ozs.; marmalade of any kind, 1 oz.
12 drams; rum or other spirit, 11 drams; extract of meat, 1.1. drams.

page_text: The preparation is as follows:-The sugar is made into a syrup, which
must be cooked to the degree known by confectioners as "au petit cassé,'
and the marmalade and the extract of meat are diluted and mixed
together with the rum or other spirit. The syrup being at the degree of
cooking above mentioned the mixture of marmalade, extract of meat, and
spirit is poured into it, and the whole run off into starch moulds pre-
viously stamped or moulded to the form of sweetmeat or comfit which is
to be produced.
The sweetmeats or comfits thus made are dried in a stove and finally
candied in a cold syrup.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS AND CAPS AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Zox at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd March
1868.
I, HENRY Zox, of Nelson Square, Blackfriars, in the County of
Surrey, Hat and Cap Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS AND
CAPS AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the manufacture
of hats and caps and other coverings for the head, whereby a very
light and flexible hat or cap or other covering to the head is pro-
duced capable of yielding to pressure without injury and without leaving
a mark of indentation as is ordinarily the result of such accidental
pressure.
I propose to construct the hat, cap, or other covering of a woven
material consisting of horsehair or other suitable hair, and cotton, linen,
silk, or other fibrous or textile material which latter may be of any
color or series of colors desired or which may consist of a printed warp.
The fabric thus woven is to be applied in a double layer to form the

page_text: body of the article required, but it is to be so arranged that the weft
of hair in one fabric shall be applied at right angles or thereabouts
to the second fabric containing the same hair weft, in order that a
resistance to pressure or tendency to fracture the body may be afforded
by the crossing of the elastic hair wefts.
For summer wear the hat, cap, or other covering may consist of the
above materials without an outer application of fabric, but when the
fabric is to be used as a body for a hat, cap, or other covering it may
be treated with any outer material, such as silk, to form the exterior
of the ordinary silk hat, in which case the effects of a blow or pressure
upon the article will not be permanent, but will disappear by the
spring of the compound hair fabric. The fabric may be made up
by stitching or otherwise, and the articles to be made may include
collegiate caps, ladies' hoods and bonnets, or other description of
hats, covered with any fabric such as woolen, silk, worsted, or cotton.
Ax IMPROVED ARTIFICIAL HORIZON USED FOR TAKING ALTITUDES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Christopher George at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
August 1868.
I, CHRISTOPHER GEORGE, of Dulwich, in the County of Surrey, Staff
Commander Royal Navy, F.R.A.S., do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "Ax IMPROVED ARTIFICIAL HORIZON USED FOR TAKING
ALTITUDES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in the instrument or apparatus
known as the artificial horizon used in taking altitudes.
I make the instrument of two circular metal reservoirs or trays,
preferably formed in one casting; the one contains the supply of mercury,
and the other, which is used for observations, being provided with a
glass cap or cover. These reservoirs communicate with each other by a
narrow neck on their circumference, provided with a through channel
having a suitable stop-cock for regulating the passage of the mercury
from one reservoir to the other without requiring to remove the glass
cover or risk the loss of any mercury. The mercury reservoir is further
provided with a spring valve or stopper to admit air or allow of its

page_text: escape. The tray used for observations is provided with two glasses, the
surfaces of which are ground mathematically parallel, one glass or cover
being fitted to a frame which is screwed on the tray while passing the
mercury in or out, after which it is removed and the other glass intro-
duced. The edge of this glass should be supported by the aid of a penknife
blade at the side next the neck, and then lowered on the mercury at the
opposite side, when by a gentle pressure the intervening air may be
forced out, leaving the glass floating on the surface of the mercury. If
this precaution were not taken some portion of the mercury might be
pressed over the edge of the disc. In this manner the glass disc will
present a clear reflecting surface protected from the effects of the wind
or other disturbing agent, while it also maintains great steadiness. In
order to return the mercury to the reservoir after use it is simply
necessary to remove the glass float by lifting it up with the point of the
penknife, and then screw on the glass cover above mentioned. After
this the instrument is held in a vertical position with the tray end upper-
most, and the stop-cock opened to allow of the return of the mercury to
the reservoir, the air stopper being meanwhile slightly pressed inwards.
A great advantage of this improved artificial horizon is the facility
with which by its aid altitudes can be observed at 1 degrees elevation,
it being consequently adapted for measuring very low stars as well as
the peaks of mountain ranges. It may also be used on board ship under
favourable circumstances.
This improved instrument may be made of small size for carrying in
the pocket, or larger if desired.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Thomas at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
February 1868.
I, GEORGE THOMAS, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanic,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to such descriptions of sewing machines wherein
the eccentric arm or rod and the upper pulley over which the driving
band passes are open or unenclosed, and is designed to enclose such and
other working parts to prevent the accumulation of dust, lint, size, or
other extraneous matter thereupon.
The improvements consist, first, in so arranging the upper framing
of the machine that a portion shall project and extend over the eccentric
arm so as to form an enclosed guard or cover for the upper portion
thereof, leaving space below sufficient for its action; secondly, in
applying back and front plates to the side plates or bearings situated
at each side of the upper pulley, so that by such addition when the
upper plate is fixed the said pulley and part of its shaft are enclosed

page_text: within four sides and top plate; thirdly, the improvements consist in
applying to the said front or back plate an adjustable lever or finger,
which by coming into contact with the strap a little above the central
axis of the pulley prevents it turning in the reverse direction, and thus
acting as a break upon the strap or driving pulley, and permitting con-
tinuous motion in one direction only, a cranked rod being supported
beneath the break catch for the purpose of raising or throwing it out of
action when not required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS OR FASTENINGS FOR PURSES, POCKET BOOKS, BAGS, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Toulman Woolley
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 11th February 1868.
I, WILLIAM TOULMAN WOOLLEY, of Lever Street, Saint Luke's, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS OR FASTENINGS FOR PURSES, POCKET
BOOKS, BAGS, AND OTHER ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in locks or fastenings
for purses, pocket books, bags, and other articles, and relates to such
description of locks or fastenings, known as double action locks, in
which a spring bolt and another bolt acted upon by the key are
employed, the spring bolt being hitherto unfastened by the finger nail
acting upon the "pipe" of the lock, whereby in addition to the incon-
venience of the arrangement the lock or fastening was frequently
broken or injured by the key being left in the lock when the article
to which it was applied was closed and the hasp forced into the
lock.
Now according to the present Invention I connect the spring catch
or bolt to a sliding plate or ornament on the outside of the lock so

page_text: that it can be operated by the hand whilst the "pipe" of the lock is
a fixture therein and is altogether independent of the spring catch or
bolt. By these means whether the key is left in the lock or not
after unlocking, the spring catch may be operated to connect or dis-
connect the lock with its hasp without any injury occurring to the
lock.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE REST PINS OR KEYS FOR PIANOFORTES, HARPS, AND ALL OTHER MUSICAL STRING INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Perry Mills at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
December 1868.
I, JAMES PERRY MILLS, of 36, St. Helena Place, Wilmington Square,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE REST PINS OR KEYS FOR PIANOFORTES,
HARPS, AND ALL OTHER MUSICAL STRING INSTRUMENTS," to be as follows:-
When the string (whether wire or catgut) is wound up to the required
pitch the spring being confined in the plate or wood and working in the
groove of the flute in the rest pin or key cannot return, whatever the
strain may be, without withdrawing the pin at the end of the spring,
which when withdrawn allows the pin or key to turn either way, as the
pin or key in present use. The present pin or key from its construction
begins to give or move from the moment it is wound up, there being no
check. Again, the hole in the pianoforte or harp in which the pin now
works becomes enlarged from its requiring to be continually tuned, and
there being no check to prevent it unwinding also involves the use of
larger pins as the hole increases in size, and consequently the frequent

page_text: snapping of the strings from the constant coiling and uncoiling. Both
of these difficulties are met by the stop pin or key, there being no
chance of tension, except that caused by the atmosphere, which can be
met with far more certainty by my rest pin or key. The new pin is
made from steel wire drawn from a fluted plate, the number of the
grooves or flutes being regulated by the size or requirements of the pin or
key for the particular instruments it is required to tune. In an ordinary
pin for a pianoforte the number of flutes will vary from twelve to
eighteen. The flutes are round, the sides being alike and terminating in
a hollow to the depth of the twenty-fourth part of an inch. The spring
is made from sheet steel three-eighths of an inch long, varying in
thickness. The spring pin is half an inch long, made from drawn steel
wire one-sixteenth of an inch in thickness.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILS FOR RAILWAYS AND TRAMWAYS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert Burgess at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
March 1868.
I, HERBERT BURGESS, of Battle, in the County of Sussex, Draper,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILS FOR RAILWAYS AND TRAMWAYS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in certain improvements in the construction
of rails for railways and tramways whereby greater strength is obtained
in the junction thereof, whilst they are rendered more capable of
bearing the pressure and strain to which they are subjected than
rails as ordinarily constructed. The ends of the rails are respectively
formed with a step or steps arranged in an oblique line, so that when
two rails are placed end to end for the purposes of connection the steps
fit into or overlap each other, or, instead of arranging the steps of
each rail to be so connected in a simple oblique line, one end of the
rails may be formed of a > shape with a step or steps formed thereon,
the other end being recessed with a corresponding step or steps. The

page_text: ends thus reversely formed when brought together will fit into and
coincide with each other, the result being mutual support and capability
of bearing pressure and resisting any sudden jerks or concussions.
The rails thus connected are further secured by being "fished" in the
manner well known and understood."
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF JARS INTENDED TO CONTAIN MANUFACTURED TOBACCO
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Spice at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
October 1868.
I, ROBERT SPICE, of Gower Place, Gower Street, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF JARS INTENDED TO CONTAIN MANUFACTURED
TOBACCO," to be as follows:-
The novelty of this Invention consists in adapting a perforated bottom
to jars, the bottom edge of the jar fitting into a loose bottom or stand
containing a pad capable of absorbing and holding water, the object and
intention of this Invention being to keep the tobacco from getting too
dry. Jars made on the above principle may either be perforated around
the lower or upper part, as also the lids thereof, or they may be partly
perforated and partly plain or entirely plain, the perforated bottom is
fixed about half an inch more or less from the bottom edge thereof
according to the size of the jar and thickness of the pad, so that it shall
not press forcibly against the aforesaid perforated bottom.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO STEAM BOILERS FOR AUTOMATICALLY SOUNDING AN ALARM AT THE EXTREMES OF HIGH AND Low WATER, ALSO FOR AUTOMATICALLY SOUNDING AN ALARM WHEN THE STEAM IN THE BOILERS EXCEEDS A GIVEN PRESSURE
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 4th February 1868.-A communication from abroad by Thomas
Peter Akers, of the City and State of New York, United States
of America.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO STEAM
BOILERS FOR AUTOMATICALLY SOUNDING AN ALARM AT THE EXTREMES OF HIGH AND
Low WATER, ALSO FOR AUTOMATICALLY SOUNDING AN ALARM WHEN THE STEAM IN
THE BOILERS EXCEEDS A GIVEN PRESSURE," to be as follows:-
The first part of the Invention consists in the employment within the
water and steam space of a steam boiler of pendulous solids or weights
of greater specific gravity than water, which are suspended from the
extremities of a lever, and adjusted in such relation to the fulcrum of
this lever that when the water in the boiler is at its mean height these
weights shall be counterpoised by the buoyancy of the water acting
upon one of them, and when the water is either too high or too low in
the boiler one of the weights shall preponderate, and thereby operate

page_text: through the medium of the lever upon a valve communicating with an
alarm or whistle. Provision is made for adjusting and regulating the
amount of opening of the valve communicating with a steam whistle or
other suitable alarm. The valve is employed as a medium through
which the pendulous weights which are arranged upon the arms of the
vibrating lever within the steam boiler shell shall indicate either high
or low water in such boiler. The lever which carries the pendulous
weights is so pivoted that it shall not operate upon the alarm valve
while the water in the boiler stands at mean height, but should the
water fall too low or become too high in the boiler, then one of the
pendulous weights will descend and operate the valve.
The second part of the Invention consists in having a safety valve
arranged within a cylinder to communicate with the alarm whistle of
a high and low water indicator. This valve will rise under any given
pressure of steam in the boiler and sound an alarm.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ATTACHING BUTTONS OR ORNAMENTS TO BE APPLIED TO LADIES' DRESSES AND SUCH LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Nicholls at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
April 1868.
I, RICHARD NICHOLLS, of Aldermanbury, in the City of London,
Fancy Trimming Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ATTACHING BUTTONS OR ORNAMENTS
TO BE APPLIED TO LADIES' DRESSES AND SUCH LIKE PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in that class of buttons
or ornaments which are attached to dresses and other fabrics by means
of flexible metallic claws which penetrate the fabric, and which being
then turned down serve to hold the button or ornament securely without
the aid of fibrous attachments.
These buttons or ornaments have hitherto been made with heads or
studs of enamelled metal or similar materials, but I propose to form
a blank head or stud either of a disc of metal with a plain or facet
surface or in the form of a ring, and to cover the same with a fabric
of silk, velvet, cloth, or other woven fabric so as to produce a button

page_text: or ornament of any external fabric and pattern or color to suit the
requirements of the dress or other article to which such buttons or
ornaments are to be applied. The head or stud blank may be of bone,
horn, wood, or other such material, and the flexible claws may be
attached thereto. instead of using an entire metal foundation for the 5
covering of the fabric.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LACE MADE ON BOBBIN NET OR TWIST LACE MACHINES, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Ball and Alexander Ball
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 15th October 1868.
WC, JOHN BALL, of the Town and County of the Town of Nottingham,
and ALEXANDER BALL, of Radford, in the County of Nottingham, Lace
Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LACE MADE ON BOBBIN NET OR TWIST
LACE MACHINES, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to
be as follows:-
Firstly, we manufacture a new or peculiar ground or net in bobbin
net or twist lace machines in which we place on each pillar or hole one
or more extra twists to that or those usually given in making ordinary.
lace or net, and we "take up" the work with the point bars, every
motion of the machine using a double set of points on each point bar,
that is to say, for instance, in a ten point machine (so called) we employ
twenty points, using points of various length as may be required; in
an eleven point machine we employ twenty-two points; in a twelve point,
machine we employ twenty-four points, and so on in like manner, using.
double the number of points to the actual gauge of the machine.

page_text: Also we manufacture on such ground or net spots, sprigs, or other
devices.
The machinery or apparatus which we employ in carrying out our
Invention consists of one or more guide bars or their equivalent,
operated upon by wheels, jacquard, or equivalent apparatus, and having
thick or gimp threads as required, which bars are supplied with threads
from beams, bobbins, or spoles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MINERS' LAMPS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Desens at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
February 1868.
I, LOUIS DESENS, of No. 31, Charing Cross, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MINERS' LAMPS," to be as
follows:-
The object of the present Invention, which is applicable to the
ordinary miners' lamps, is by means of a simple contrivance to extinguish
the light should the lamp be clandestinely opened. This is effected
in the following manner :-The wick holder, a small tube, has at one
side a toothed rack, and is supported in another tube of larger diameter,
having a rundle externally round the centre and furnished with two
projections, the longest of which may be termed a tail piece, the object
of which will be mentioned hereafter. The teeth of the rack gear
with a small endless screw mounted on a shaft (passing through the
body of the lamp), the lower end of which terminates in a button, by
means of which the wick is regulated from the bottom of the lamp.
Round the holder is a spiral spring, its object being to force the holder

page_text: into the body of the lamp when the teeth of the rack are freed from
the endless screw, as herein-after explained. On the bottom plate
supporting the glass a small movable metal piece is fixed which
turns on a pivot; on one side is a stop pin and on the other a small
spring.
In the gallery surrounding the opening communicating with the
body of the lamp an opening is cut forming a decline, in which the
projections of the external tube engage and assist the descent of the
holder into the lamp.
Having thus mentioned the several parts förming my Invention I
will now proceed to describe the manner of action thereof.
Supposing all the pieces in situ and the lamp lighted, in screwing
on the top when the tailpiece of the rundle comes in contact with the
projection attached to the plate supporting the glass it pushes it on
one side each time it passes, and the spring reinstates it; by this it will
be seen that the wick is not interfered with; when closed the lamp is
locked in the usual manner.
In unscrewing the lamp the piece referred to on coming in contact
with the projection is resisted by the latter by means of the stop
pin, and turning round the rundle and tube in connection with it
disengages the rack from the screw, and the wick holder and wick
then fall into the body of the lamp, and the light is immediately
extinguished.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE. CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF FLORAL DEVICES AND IN: THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Kanzow Bowley at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 22nd May 1868.-A communication from abroad by David.
Price, of the City of Rome, in the Papal States..
I, ROBERT KANZOW BOWLEY,. of Rockhills, Upper Sydenham; in the
County of Kent, Gentleman, do hereby declare- the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE. CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF
FLORAL DEVICES AND IN: THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," a communication
to me from abroad by David Price, of the City of. Rome, in the Papal
States:-
This Invention consists of a peculiar combination of plant or-
bouquet holder and water jet, the jet being so situate and shaped. in.
reference to the form of flower holder as to throw a sheet or thin
film of water over the holder when charged with the bouquet, thereby
causing the bouquet to appear as if it were covered by a glass shade..
The holder itself consists of a hollow receptacle of metal or other
suitable material, and is provided with openings for the introduction.

page_text: of the plants or flowers, and is so arranged in reference to the jet of
water as to exhibit its contents to the greatest advantage. The holder
may be placed in a fountain basin for the reception of the waste water
of the jet if desired.
IMPROVE- MENTS APPLICABLE TO REGISTER STOVES: OR GRATES FOR CURING SMOKY CHIMNIES AND CONTROLLING: THE DRAUGHT OF AIR
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Edward Mines at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th May 1868..
I, HENRY EDWARD MINES;. of Cheltenham, in the County of Glou-
cester, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS APPLICABLE TO REGISTER STOVES: OR GRATES FOR CURING SMOKY CHIMNIES
AND CONTROLLING: THE DRAUGHT OF AIR," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in register stoves
or grates, the objects of which are to prevent or cure smoky chimnies,.
and to control or regulate the draught of air..
I propose to form the stove with a door or register at the upper:
part in the usual manner, but generally to keep such register in a.
closed position, unless it may be found necessary to open it to a slight
extent, the door being chiefly intended for the purpose of cleaning or
sweeping the chimney.. A space is cut in the back plate of the grate-
or stove just above the level of the fire and extending, across the width
of the same, such space or aperture communicating with a tube some-
what of a semicircular form, the two extremities of which point upwards.
within the opening of the chimney and not in the walls; the space

page_text: between these flues formed by the tube constitutes a dead stop to all
descending draughts, so that they will return with the smoke, the
upward draught of which being increased by the application of the
tubular flues when such draught would otherwise be sluggish or
insufficient in an open chimney, drawing the smoke or products of
combustion through the register door in the usual manner. The tubular
flue should be of a square or semicircular section so as to fit against
the flat surface of the aperture cut in the back plate, and a corre-
sponding aperture must be cut in the tube for its attachment and
communication with the aperture in the back plate.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LIQUID METERS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Browne at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th July 1868.-A communication from abroad by Henry George
Robinson, of Dunkerque, in the Empire of France.
I, ALEXANDER BROWNE, of the Firm of Browne and Company, Patent
Agents, of 49, King William Street, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LIQUID
METERS," a communication from abroad by Henry George Robinson,
of Dunkerque, in the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists principally in constructing liquid meters on
the float principle, and the following is an example of the means by
which these improvements may be effected, that is to say, it is proposed
to construct a vessel or cistern with four compartments, two of which
contain floats nearly as large as the vessel in which they work, but
not nearly so deep, the said floats being quite independent of each other.
In the third compartment is a tumbling weight which is employed to
work a valve in the fourth compartment, and the aforesaid tumbling
weight is connected to each of the floats so that supposing either or
both of the compartments containing the floats to be full of liquid the

page_text: float or floats would be at the top, and as the fluid is drawn from either
compartment the float will descend, and its weight acting upon the
tumbling weight before mentioned will cause it to fall over and thereby
reverse the position of the valve and allow the empty compartment
to fill with liquid and the full one can be emptied at pleasure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS. FOR BURNING PARAFFIN AND OTHER OILS AND SPIRIT
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Murray and Robert
Warden at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 16th March 1868....
We, JAMES MURRAY, of 42, Westgate Street, Newcastle-upon-Tyne,
Merchant, and ROBERT WARDEN, of 15, Ellison Street, Gateshead,
Brass Finisher, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS. FOR BURNING PARAFFIN AND OTHER OILS AND SPIRIT,"
to be as follows:
This Invention consists, firstly, in constructing lamps and other
apparatus for burning mineral or other oils and spirit in such a way
as to dispense with the present style of oil reservoir. and thus render.
then more elegant in appearance and applicable to positions in which.
they cannot now be used; secondly, in introducing certain improvements.
in regard to the burners whereby the lamps may be more easily lighted.
and extinguished.
In carrying out the first part of the Invention the stem of a standing
lamp, the arm of a bracket, or the branches of a chandalier which at
present carry or support a reservoir for the oil or act as conduits for
the oil from a central reservoir to the burners are themselves in cach

page_text: case made the reservoir for the oil or spirit, dispensing thereby with any
separate or distinct receptacle for the oil or spirit; this is effected in
each case by forming the stem, arm, or branches aforesaid of either glass,
porcelain, or earthenware, or metallic tube of such a diameter and length
as to contain sufficient oil or spirit to burn for an ordinarily required
time. Any length of tube can be fitted up with any number of lights
suitable for shop windows or for any other purpose to which such may
be applicable.
Under the second portion of the said Invention it is proposed to attach
to the wickholder of the lamp a contrivance which on the wick being
turned down for the purpose of extinguishing the lamp will by a
self-acting spring or wheel cover over the wick tube and completely.
extinguish any fire on the wick and thus prevent the smell which is so.
disagreeable when the lamp is put out. It is proposed to make an
aperture in the air chamber of the burner covered by a moveable plate,
through which the wick of the lamp. may be lighted without removing
the glasses or globe..
IMPROVED MEANS OF PRESERVING MEAT AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE- WITH
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Barber at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd August 1868.
I, GEORGE HENRY BARBER, of Southampton, in the County of
Southampton, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED MEANS OF PRESERVING MEAT AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE-
WITH," to be as follows:-
This Invention has reference to the improved means of preserving
meat consisting in the following system of arrangements:-I con-
struct an elastic or a flexible air-tight bag or receptacle, and in this
I place the meat to be preserved, such bag or receptacle having a
tube which should be flexible or elastic, and be provided with a stop-
cock, or when elastic or flexible two pieces of wood or other material
hinged together and provided with a tightening screw at their non-
hinged ends may be placed so as to encompass the tube, and by the
action of the screw may be made to compress the tube and prove as
effectual a shut off as a stop-cock. This bag or receptacle can be
inflated or exhausted as occasion may require, and every air aperture
being effectually closed communication with the external air will be

page_text: prevented, and thus meat may be therein preserved. To ensure the
efficiency of my system of preservation I prefer to place the air-tight
bags or receptacles above described in a box or case having open trays
or perforated partitions therein, and such box or case should have a
funnel (with stop-cock) or other means of introducing water or other
cooling media (and a cock for drawing off same if desired), by which
arrangements the bags may be kept in the box or case surrounded by
water or other cooling media, which will be of great advantage as
conducing to perfect preservation of the meat.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REMOVING EXCREMENTS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Small at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
January 1868.
I, ANDREW SMALL, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REMOVING EXCREMENTS," to be as follows,
that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object the removing of excrements in a
simple and inoffensive manner, and is more particularly applicable in
connection with the watercloset system, being designed to separate the
solid matters in a but slightly diluted condition, and so as to be much
more valuable for agricultural purposes than the ordinarily very diluted
products of that system.
In carrying out the Invention a closed cesspool is to be provided
(where it does not already exist) in connection with the soil pipe of one
or more waterclosets. An inlet pipe in continuation of the soil pipe
is made to project into the cesspool at a point a little below the top,
whilst an overflow pipe for water is fitted to the cesspool near the

page_text: same level, and communicates with a drain or sewer. A liquid level is
maintained in the cesspool up to the overflow pipe by the repeated
ingresses of water. For the solid matters a portable receptacle is
provided in the form of a covered pail or can, which is made with a
lateral opening near the top to be passed upon the projecting inlet pipe
in the cesspool, whilst a number of perforations are made in the side
and communicate with a covered external passage, which is carried
down to the bottom of the vessel. When this receptacle is put into
its place in the cesspool it becomes filled with water by the passage
last referred to, but the solid matters from the waterclosets gradually
displace the water and themselves remain in the receptacle. At suitable
periods the portable receptacle is removed from the cesspool and another
put into its place. The one removed has its inlet opening closed by an
air-tight stopper or cap, and it is conveyed away with others in a suitable
cart or vehicle. As the mouth of the external passage is flush with the
bottom of the vessel, that passage will be closed by the bottom of the
cart, and the escape of effluvia will be thereby prevented. If wished,
however, the passage may be completely sealed, either by means of
a shallow casing containing water in the cart and with openings in its
top to receive the receptacle, or by means of ordinary trap bends in
the passages themselves, or by closing plugs or the like. The receptacle
is emptied by means of an air-tight cover with which it is provided for
the purpose.
When adopting the improved apparatus a considerable saving may
be effected in the water used, as less will be required than with the
enerally existing arrangements of soil pipes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE CASES OF GAS METERS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Cowan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th February 1868.
I, WILLIAM COWAN, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian,
North Britain, Gas Meter Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE CASES
OF GAS METERS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention, which relates to an improved mode of constructing
the cases of gas meters so that less labour is required in fitting the
parts of such cases together, and at the same time the liability to leakage
of the joints of the case is diminished, consists in casting the body of
the case with the front part all in one piece, the back consisting of a
metallic plate being separate in place of attached or cast in one piece
with the body as at present. In this manner the whole interior of the
body of the case is opened by taking off the back plate which being
flat and without protruding parts as in the front part of the meter is

page_text: sufficiently yielding to make a close joint by the tightening action of
the screws without any very accurate fitting between the parts being
made.
The front box carrying the valves and indicating mechanism is
closed by a plate being attached thereto by screws or otherwise.