Improvements relating to the Treatment of Textile Materials and Products for the Manufacture therefrom of Artificial Hair, for other purposes.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Sept., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 3rd May, 1895-Accepted, 13th July, 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to the Treatment of Textile Materials and
Products for the Manufacture therefrom of Artificial Hair,
for other purposes.
and
We GEORGES JACOBER and ALBERT RABOURDIN, both of Ivry-Port, Seine,
in the Republic of France, Manufacturers do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
It has been already proposed to treat cellulose with a view to transform it into
a plastic translucent inass capable of being moulded into various forms, but such
treatment of cellulose in mass offers practical difficulties and the products are
obtainable only at a considerably high price. By the present invention the
manufacture is greatly simplified and rendered more economical.
Our modified or improved process is as follows; The cellulose is treated in the form
of threads or filaments, whether separately or in skeins or woven, any cellulose
being suitable provided that it is susceptible of forming threads, as for instance
cotton, ramie, silk and the like. After the material is cleansed to remove impurities
by treatment with alkaline or other solutions and suitable operation to remove such
foreign matter and is well washed, it is treated with an aqueous solution more or
less concentrated of sulphuric acid or monohydrated sulphuric acid, without any
nitric acid, but with addition of glycerine, stearine, paraffine oleine, suitable
essential oils, or hydrocarbons. This operation is followed by a thorough washing
in water to which there may be added any substance capable of neutralizing the
acid. The product is then dried in the open air or otherwise according to the
season of the year and is in the form of homogenous translucid and insoluble
filaments or thread without colour or odour. It may be rendered uninflammable by
saturating it with a solution of chloride of magnesium, of aluminium, of calcium, of
manganese, or any other material answering the same purpose.
This filamentous product may be dyed with aniline or other dyes-with or
without dying it is especially suitable for employment as artificial hair, or as
horsehair or the like for the various uses to which the latter is now put, with
the further advantage that it may be used for warp as well as weft.
It may be
produced in filaments of indefinite length and of various shapes of section or may
be sold in plaits, or tresses, or woven in the piece it may also be spun when
finished.
The improved process may be applied not only to single threads, tresses, plaits,
hanks, skeins and the like but also to woven fabrics of indefinite length and
width.
1 1
atambaa 1201
R. HADDAN,
Agent to Applicants.

page_text: Improvements relating to the Treatment of Textile Materials and
Products for the Manufacture therefrom of Artificial Hair, and
for other purposes.
We GEORGES JACOBER and ALBERT RABOURDIN both of Ivry-Port, Seine,
in the Republic of France, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
It has been already proposed to treat cellulose with a view to transform it into
a plastic translucent mass capable of being moulded into various forms, but such
treatment of cellulose in mass offers practical difficulties and the products are
obtainable only at a considerably high price. By the present invention the
manufacture is greatly simplified and rendered more economical.
Our modified or improved process is as follows:-The cellulose is treated in the
form of threads or filaments, whether separately or in skeins or woven, any cellulose
being suitable provided that it is susceptible of forming threads as for instance
cotton, ramie, and the like. The material is first cleansed to remove impurities by
treatment with alkaline or other solutions and suitable operations to remove such
foreign matters and after this cleansing and washing it is treated for from
to 1 hour with an aqueous solution more or less concentrated of sulphuric acid or
monohydrated sulphuric acid, without any nitric acid, but with addition of glycerine,
stearine, paraffine oleine, suitable essential oils or hydrates of carbon. In this
treatment we employ by preference a mixture of a 100 parts of chemically pure
monohydrated sulphuric acid, 12 to 40 parts of pure glycerine, more or less being
taken within these limits as required and 15 parts of distilled water.
The
Glycerine is preferred since it gives good results and also for reasons of economy
but equivalent quantities of hydrates of carbon (the sugars, cane sugar, glucose,
dextrine etc.,) will produce the same effect. This operation which takes place at
the temperature of the atmosphere is followed by a thorough washing in water to
which there may be added any substance capable of neutralizing the acid.
product is then dried in the open air or otherwise according to the season of the
year, and is in the form of homogenous translucid and insoluble filaments or thread
without colour or odour. It may be rendered uniuflammable by saturating it with
a solution of chloride of magnesium, of aluminium, of calcium of manganese, or any
other material answering the same purpose.
This filamentous product may be dyed with aniline or other dyes. With or
without dyeing it is especially suitable for employment as artificial hair, or as horse
hair or the like for the various uses to which the latter is now put, with the further
advantage that it may be used for warp as well as weft. It may be produced in
filaments of indefinite length and of various shapes of section or may be sold in
plaits, or tresses, or woven in the piece, it may also be spun when finished.
The improved process may be applied not only to single threads, tresses,
plaits, hanks, skeins, and the like, but also to woven fabrics of indefinite length and
width.
Having now particularly described the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we claim is :-
1. The method of obtaining a translucid fibrous product from filaments, threads
ribands or fabrics of or based upon cellulose, consisting in treating the cleansed
material to the action of sulphuric acid more or less concentrated without addition
of nitric acid, but with addition of glycerine or of stearine, or paraffine, or oleine,

page_text: or an essential oil or a compound of carbon such as sugar, dextrine, glucose, aud
the like substantially as described.
2. For the treatment of filaments, threads, ribands or fabrics of or based upon
cellulose in view of the production of a translucid fibrous product, a bath composed
of 100 parts of sulphuric acid, 15 parts of water, and 12 to 40 parts of glycerine.
3. For the treatment of filaments, threads ribands or fabrics of or based upon
cellulose in view of the production of a translucid fibrous product, a bath composed
of 100 parts of sulphuric acid, 15 parts of water, and the aforesaid quantity of a
compound of carbon such as the sugars, cane sugar dextrine, glucose and the like.
4. The product for use as artificial hair, or otherwise, produced by the treatment
of filaments, threads, and other forms of or based upon cellulose, by sulphuric acid,
with addition of glycerine, stearine paraffine oleine, essential oil or a hydrate of
carbon in the manner described.
Dated this 3rd day of May 1895.
R. HADDAN,
Of the Firm of Herbert Haddan & Co.,
18, Buckingham Street, Strand, London, Agent for Applicants.