IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR USE IN REARING CHICKENS AND OTHER YOUNG BIRDS to be ass
Year: 1884

page_text: I CHARLES EDWARD HEARSON of No 68 Willow Walk in the County of Surrey
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of the said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR USE IN REARING CHICKENS AND OTHER YOUNG BIRDS to be
as follows: -
"
My invention consists of improvements in apparatus for use in rearing chickens
and other young birds and my said improvements consist first of the arrangements
hereinafter described for heating such apparatus. I arrange a box or case in the
upper part of the sleeping chamber of the said apparatus through which box or
case the heated air and products of combustion from a lamp are passed. The
said box or case which is hereinafter termed the heating case is divided internally
by partitions (soldered to the base thereof) into two or more compartments
communicating with each other and with the lamp chimney and with an exit
flue or the heating case is formed water tight and is filled with water when the
apparatus is to be used and in the water space a flue is arranged through which
the products of combustion pass from the lamp thus heating the water in the
heating case.
Where water is not used in the heating case I prefer to arrange the lamp in a
compartment formed within the sleeping chamber three sides and the top of which
compartment are formed of wood or other suitable material which an imperfect
conductor of heat and are covered internally with sheet metal asbestos paper or
other fire-proof material. The fourth side of the said compartment is open and
over it on the outside of the sleeping chamber a metal casing is secured in which
are formed a door to admit of access to the lamp and apertures for ingress of air
to the lamp and for the egress of the products of combustion from the lamp after
passing through the heating case. The said apertures are shielded on the innerside
of the said casing by louvres or inclined plates and screens of wire gauze or
perforated metal are secured within the said casing between the inner ends of the
said plates and the mouth of the flue and the open side of the lamp compartment.
A shield of wire gauze is or may be also placed around the burner of the lamp

page_text: within the said compartment. The space above the heating case is filled with
sawdust or other imperfect conductor of heat.
In some cases I provide the sleeping. box with the arrangement hereinafter
described for cutting off the supply of heat thereto when the temperature within
it has risen above a certain degree. In the said sleeping box I arrange a capsule
of the kind described in the specification of Letters Patent granted to me and
bearing date 24 November A.D. 1881 N° 5141 and in the partition or partitions
in the heating case over the passage by which the lamp case communicates with
the said heating case I form an aperture or apertures over which I arrange a loaded
valve or valves which is or are connected with the said capsule. This arrange-
ment admits of the heated air and products of combustion from the lamp passing
direct to the exit flue when the. temperature in the sleeping chamber has risen
above the required degree instead of travelling through the several compartments
of the heating case to the said flue.
Where water is used in the heating case I prefer to arrange the lamp in a
lantern or metal casing secured outside the sleeping chamber the burner of the
lamp being within the said lantern and the oil reservoir outside the said lantern
which is divided internally into three compartments by vertical partitions of sheet
metal perforated at the lower parts. In the central compartment a block of fire
clay or other suitable imperfect conductor of heat is arranged in which block a
passage is formed through which the products of combustion pass from the lamp
to and through the flue in the heating case. The side compartments or those
between the aforesaid partitions and the outer shell of the lantern constitute the
passages for ingress of air to the lamp and for egress of the products of combustion
which pass into the upper part of the said lantern from the exit end of the heating
flue. Air enters the said passages and the products of combustion pass therefrom
through holes in the bottom and front of the lantern the latter of which holes are
covered by louvres or deflecting plates the position and arrangement of which
holes and louvres is such that air entering by them is prevented from causing
back draught in the flue and thus extinguishing the flame of the lamp. The
lantern is provided with a door to adinit of access to the lamp burner in which
door a glazed aperture is formed and a reflector is secured to some suitable part
of the lamp or lantern in order to admit of the flame of the lamp being inspected
without stooping inconveniently and without opening the door of the lantern.
My said improvements consist further in constructing and arranging the parts
of apparatus for use in rearing chickens and other young birds as hereinafter
described the object of the said improvements being to admit of the several parts
being packed together within a small compass for transit or storage when they are
disconnected from each other,
1 form the sleeping box or chamber separately from the other parts of the
apparatus. The latter parts which consist of a glazed chamber and a wire covered
chamber or enclosure I arrange and construct and connect to the said sleeping box
as hereinafter described. I arrange the said glazed chamber at the back of the
sleeping box and 1 arrange the wire covered chamber at the back or end of the said
glazed chamber and I forma the longer sides of the said two chambers of boards
connected together by hinges and secure each of the said sides at one end by means
of screwed eyes to the sleeping chamber and at their other ends to opposite ends
of a board which forms the outer end of the wire covered enclosure. The partition
dividing the glazed chamber from the wire covered enclosure consists of a board
held in place between the sides of the said chamber and enclosure the ends of the
said partition being confined between the ends of two of the hinged boards on
either side. The cover or roof of the glazed chamber consists of two glazed sashes
hinged together and resting each at one end on the top of the said partition and
at the other end on battens affixed to the back of the sleeping chamber and
engaged with the said partition and battens by means of dowels. The sheets of
glass
ss are secured by sliding them into grooves in the said-sashes and are prevented

page_text: from displacement by buttons against which their outer ends bear. The cover of
the said enclosure is formed of wire netting strained on frames hinged together and
resting on the sides of the said enclosure to which the said frames are secured by
screws passing through ribs on the underside of one of the said frames. The holes
through which the birds pass from the sleeping box to the glazed chamber are
screened by curtains formed of strips of flannel or other suitable material suspended
from a board or shelf secured to the sleeping box by a screw passed through a
bracket secured to the said board.
The several parts herein before described are of such dimensions or are hinged
so as to be capable of being folded within such a compass that when separated
they may be packed with the sleeping box within a case of convenient size for
transport and storage.

page_text: other Young Birds.
I CHARLES EDWARD HEARSON of No 68 Willow Walk in the County of Surrey
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR USE IN REARING CHICKENS AND OTHER YOUNG BIRDS" and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :—
My invention consists of improvements in the apparatus for use in rearing
chickens and other young birds described in the Specification of Letters Patent
granted to me and bearing date the 6th day of November 1883 N° 5267 and
illustrated in Figures 6 to 12 of the drawings accompanying the said specification
and my said improvements consist first of the arrangements herein after described
for heating such apparatus.
I make the box or case (hereinafter termed the heating case) in the upper part
of the sleeping chamber of the said apparatus water tight and fill it with water
when the apparatus is to be used and in the water space I arrange a flue through
which the products of combustion pass from the lamp thus heating the water in
the heating case.
I prefer to arrange the lamp in a lantern or metal casing secured outside the
Bleeping chamber the burner of the lamp being within the said lantern and the
oil reservoir outside the said lantern which is divided internally into three com-
partments by vertical partitions of sheet metal perforated at the lower parts In
the central compartment a block of a fire clay or other suitable imperfect con-
ductor of heat is arranged in which block a passage is formed through which
the products of combustion pass from the lamp to and through the flue in the
heating case. The side compartments or those between the aforesaid partitions
and the outer shell of the lantern constitute the passages for ingress of air to the
lamp and for egress of the products of combustion which pass into the upper part
of the said lantern from the exist end of the beating flue. Air enters the said
passages and the products of combustion pass therefrom through holes in the
bottom and front of the lantern the latter of which holes are covered by louvres
or deflecting plates. The position and arrangement of the said holes and louvres
is such that air entering by them is prevented from causing back draught in the flue
and thus extinguishing the flame of the lamp. The lantern is provided with a
door to admit of access to the lamp burner in which door a glazed aperture is
formed and a reflector is secured to some suitable part of the lamp or lantern in
order to admit of the flame of the lamp being inspected without stooping incon-
veniently and without opening the door of the lantern.
My said improvements consist further in constructing and arranging the parts
of the said apparatus as hereinafter described the object of the said improve-
ments being to admit of the several parts being packed together within a small
compass for transit or storage when they are disconnected from each other.

page_text: I form the sleeping box or chamber separately from the other parts of the
apparatus. The latter parts which consist of a glazed chamber and a wire
covered chamber or enclosure I arrange and construct and connect to the said
sleeping box as hereinafter described. I arrange the said glazed chamber at the
back of the sleeping box and I arrange the wire covered chamber at the back
or end of the said glazed chamber and I form the longer sides of the said two
chambers of boards connected together by hinges and secure each of the said
sides at one end by means of "screwed eyes" to the sleeping chamber and at
their other ends to opposite ends of a board which forms the outer end of the
wire covered enclosure or "run." The partition dividing the glazed chamber from
the wire covered enclosure consists of a board held in place between the sides
of the said chamber and enclosure the ends of the said partition being confined
between the ends of two of the hinged boards on either side. The cover or roof
of the glazed chamber consists of two glazed sashes hinged together and resting
each at one end on the top of the said partition and at the other end on battens
affixed to the back of the sleeping chamber and engaged with the said partition
and battens by means of dowels. The sheets of glass are secured by sliding them
into grooves in the said sashes and are prevented from displacement by buttons
against which their outer ends bear. The cover of the end enclosure or "run' " is
formed of wire netting strained on frames hinged together and resting on the
sides of the said enclosure to which the said frames are secured by screws passing
through ribs on the underside of one of the said frames. The holes through which
the birds pass from the sleeping box to the glazed chamber are screened by curtains
formed of strips of flannel or other suitable material suspended from a board or
shelf secured to the sleeping box by a screw passed through a bracket secured to
the said board.
The several parts herein before described are of such dimensions or are hinged
so as to be capable of being folded within such a compass that when separated they
may be packed with the sleeping box within a case of convenient size for transport
and storage.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings is a plan and Figure 2 is an end
view of apparatus constructed and arranged according to my invention Figure 3
is a longitudinal vertical section taken on the line 1 Figure 1 Figure 4 is a
horizontal section taken on the line 2 Figure 3 and Figure 5 is a transverse
section taken on the line 3 Figure 1 Figures 6 and 7 are details hereinafter
referred to.
The same letters and figures of reference indicate the same parts in the several
Figures of the drawings.
That part of my invention which relates to the heating arrangement is hereinafter
described.
A is the sleeping box or chamber B is the heating case which is supported on
strips of wood a, a secured to the innerside of the said chamber A. which case is
provided with two pipes marked 61, 63 the object of the pipe 6' being to admit of
the case being conveniently filled with water and that of the pipe 6' to provide
for overflow when the case is sufficiently filled. The spaces between the said case
and the top and sides of the box or chamber A are filled with sawdust or other
imperfect conductor of heat b*. O is the lamp and 63 is the flue by which the
products of combustion from the lamp are conveyed through the water in the
case B. D is the lantern or lamp casing which is shown separately in Figures 6
and 7 Figure 6 being an elevation thereof with the front removed and Figure 7 a
section taken on the line 4 Figure 6. The said case or lantern is connected to the
box or chamber A by passing the ends of the flue 6ª which project from the said
chamber through holes in the back of the said lantern and turning buttons a¹, a¹
(see Figure 2) over ears d, d³ which project from the sides of the said lantern.
7 is the door of the lantern and d³ is the glazed aperture in the said door E E are
the partitions within the said lantern by which it is divided into three com-
partiments the lower parts of the said partitions being perforated or formed of wire

page_text: gauze as shown in Figures 3 and 7. F is the fire clay block in the central com-
partment. is the passage formed in the said block through which passage the
products of combustion from the lamp C pass to and through the flue b³.
d', d', d³, d³ are the holes through which air passes to the lamp and the products
of combustion escape from the lantern after passing through the flue b. do, dare
the louvres or deflecting plates arranged within the side compartments of the
lantern over the holes d³, d³ in order to give a downward tendency to the currents
of air entering by the said holes. The said currents are thus directed to the lamp
burner and all possibility of back draught being produced in the flue 6s by the air
BO entering (which back draught would extinguish the flame of the lamp) is pre-
vented. The holes d, d in the lower part of the case do not need to be covered
or shielded internally because the first tendency of the air entering by them is to
pass direct to the burner of the lamp whereby the strength of the upward draught
in the said flue is increased in proportion to the strength of the current entering at
the said holes and although a portion of the air so entering may find its way direct
to the upper part of the case it is always less than the portion which passes to the
lamp burner and does not take effect in the said upper part until after the portion
passing to the lamp burner has taken effect. Consequently the pressure of air in
the upper part of the case is always proportionately so much weaker than the
upward pressure in the flue b³ as to be incapable of producing back draught. The
reservoir of the lamp (the position and arrangement of which are hereinafter
described) acts as an external shield to the holes d' d preventing direct upward
currents of air from entering the said holes.
By the foregoing it will be understood that it is not necessary for the position
of the ventilating holes and the arrangement of the louvres to be in all cases
precisely the same as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings and that any variations may be made in these respects which will admit
of the pressure caused by the entering air taking effect on the flame of the lamp
earlier and in a stronger degree than it takes effect in that part of the case in
which the exit end of the flue b³ is situated.
•
The lamp C is arranged in the lantern D as follows. Flanges d', d' are formed
at the lower part of the lantern between the partitions E E and a plate o¹ is secured
to the tube supporting the burner of the lamp the edges of which plate rest on the
said flanges.
When the lamp is in position as shown in the drawings it is
retained there by closing the door d the said door when closed bearing against the
front edge of the said plate c¹. By thus arranging the lamp the oil in the reservoir
thereof is kept cool the said reservoir being entirely outside the lantern. c is the
reflector in which the image of the flame of the lamp is seen through the glazed
aperture d³ in the door of the lantern. The said reflector consists of a pieco of
looking glass c³ which is placed under a frame c³ (see Figure 4) secured to the
upperside of the said plate c¹. Instead of arranging the reflector as herein before
described it may be secured to some part of the lantern or be arranged in any
other position which will admit of the image of the flame of the lamp being seen
therein without opening the door of the lantern.
The arrangement and construction of the aforesaid glazed chamber and the wire
covered chamber or enclosure and their connection to the box A are hereinafter
described G Q G are the boards which constitute the longer sides of the said
chambers H is the board which forms the outer end of the wire covered chamber
or enclosure g¹ g₁ are the hinges by which the three boards of each of the longer
sides are connected together g³ g³ are the screwed eyes by which the said sides are
connected to the sleeping box or chamber A and g³, g³ are the screwed eyes by
which they are connected to the end board H. I is the board which constitutes
the partition between the glazed chamber and the wire covered enclosure or "run
the ends of which board I are confined between the ends of the board G G of the
said two longer sides J J are the two glazed sashes forming the roof of the glazed
chamber are the hinges by which the said sashes are connected K, Kare
the sheets of glass which rest in grooves in the said sashes and k² k² are the buttons

page_text: by which the said sheets are secured in place. One of the battens which support
the said sashes at the end nearest the sleeping box is shown at a³ Figure 3. The
other ends of the said sashes rest on the top of the board I. 2, are the
dowels on the said battens and board which engage with holes formed in the sashes
and thus prevent the said sashes from shifting L L L are the frames on which
the wire netting covering the end chamber or "run" is strained which frames rest
on the side boards G G and the end board H. The frames L L' are connected by
"hook hinges" g² g³ and the frame L³ is connected to the frame L' by ordinary
hinges. One of the ribs on the underside of the frame L¹ (by means of which ribs
the frames L L L are secured to the side boards G G³) is shown at Figure 3.
123 are the screws which pass through the said rib and secure the said frames in
place M is the curtain which screens the openings in the sleeping box A m² is
the shelf to which the said curtain is secured and m³ is the bracket and m* the
screw by which the said shelf is secured in place. The bottom of the glazed
chamber consists of two boards NN loosely placed therein. a³ is a removeable
board constituting the bottom of the sleeping box A and a' a* (see Figure 5) are
hinged flaps forming part of the sides of the said box by raising which flaps access
may be gained to the interior of the said box when necessary. is an aperture
in the partition I which divides the glazed chamber from the wire covered enclosure
and h¹ is an aperture in the end board H of the said enclosure which apertures are
provided with doors ³, h². a³ a³ (see Figure 5) are the apertures which form
communications between the box A and the glazed chamber.
By constructing the said apparatus as herein before described the parts may be
readily put together and separated and when separated may be conveniently packed
into a small compass for carriage or storage.
The method of using the said apparatus and its action are as follows. The
tank B being filled with water and the lamp O lighted and the door of the lantern D
closed air for the support of combustion enters the said lantern by the holes dª d⭑
and passes therefrom through the perforated lower parts of the partitious E E to
the burner of the lamp the products of combustion from which pass through the
passage f in the fireclay block F and through the flue 63 in the tank B to the
upper part of the lamp case or lantern D over the partitions E E through
the upper of the apertures d' out of the said case. The products of combustion
thus passing heat the water in the tank B and the heat radiated from the under-
side thereof into the box or chamber A. keeps the interior thereof at the required
temperature. The fire clay block F prevents loss of heat from the flame of the
lamp. The course of the air and products of combustion passing as hereinbefore
described is indicated by the arrows in Figures 3 and 6 of the accompanying
drawings.
The young birds to be reared are placed within the chamber A and pass there-
from to the glazed chamber by the apertures a as and when desired are allowed
to pass into the chamber or enclosure which is open to the atmosphere by opening
the door which covers the aperture i.
When the birds are sufficiently grown
they may be allowed to pass from and reenter the apparatus by opening the
door h² which covers the aperture ¹. The glazed chamber may be ventilated when
required by raising one of the sashes J J.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
First. The construction of apparatus for use in rearing chickens and other
young birds essentially as and for the purpose herein before described with reference
to the accompanying drawings.
Secondly. The arrangement herein before described and illustrated in Figures 3
and 5 of the accompanying drawings for heating the water in the heating vessel
of apparatus for use in rearing young birds that is to say the arrangement of a

page_text: f
Aye in the water space of the said vessel through which Hue the products of
combustion from a lamp are caused to pass.
Thirdly Mounting or arranging a lamp by which apparatus for use in rearing
young birds is heated essentially as herein before described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings that is to say so mounting or arranging the lamp relatively
to the lantern or case thereof that the oil vessel of the lamp shall be outside the
said case and the burner of the lamp within and protected by the said case.
Fourthly Ventilating the lanterns or cases of lamps used for heating apparatus
for rearing young birds essentially as herein before described with reference to the
accompanying Drawings.