IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MOULDS AND' CORES FOR CASTING IRON AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1849

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, DAVID>
YOOLOW STEWART, late of Montrose, but now of Glasgow, in the Kingdom of
Scotland; Iron Founder, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Fourth day of January,
One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine, in the twelfth year of Her reign,.
did, for Herself; Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
David Yoolow Stewart, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, Her especial licence,
full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said David Yoolow
Stewart, my exors, admiors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said David
Yoolow Stewart, my exors, adiñors, or assigns, should at any time agree with,.
and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years
therein. expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MOULDS AND' CORES FOR CASTING
IRON AND OTHER SUBSTANCES;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a
proviso, that I, the said David Yoolow Stewart, should cause a particularly
description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to
be inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters
Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully
and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I the said
David Yoolow Stewart do hereby declare that the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference
being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters
marked thereon, that is to say:-
My Invention consists, first, of a mode of making moulds for pipes;
secondly, my Invention consists of forming moulds on apparatus having
wheels, so as to facilitate the transmitting of such moulds into drying stoves;
thirdly, my Invention consists of a mode of constructing cores and for getting
cores out of castings.
And in order that my Invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the means pursued by me.
of
Figure 1 shews a vertical section of apparatus for carrying out the first part
my Invention; Figures 2, 3, and 4, are sections of the apparatus taken at
different parts as indicated by the Drawings. The arrangement shewn is for
making six moulds for six pipes, a being a hollow pit; b is a screw, which is
caused to revolve by a pinion c on the axis d; on this axis there is a plate e
which has a female screw through it by which the screw 6 can cause the plate
to be raised and lowered. The plate e carries six rods f, having at their upper
ends patterns f¹, which rise through the plate g, the patterns fitting closely in
the holes through the plate g so that no sand can fall through. The mould
box above the plate is composed of several parts h, h, moving on the bar i as
an axis or hinge. Supposing the lower part of the box only to be closed and
the patterns raised just abovo the plate g, tho ring which has holes in it
to receive pins projecting from the upper ends of the patterns is now placed
on the patterns so as to connect them together and prevent their being forced
out of their relative position during the ramming in of the sand. The work-
man then introduces the hollow centre portion j and rams in the sand around
the piece and the patterns till the first part of the box is full; then the
next two parts h of the box are closer together to form a continuation of the
mould box, and the sand is rammed in in a similar manner. An iron casing j',
formed in two parts and lined with loam, is now to be introduced over the
piece having gates or openings formed in it. This iron casing ¹ also carries
a gate pin which, as the ramming in takes place, is progressively raised up
so as to leave a gate or runner to the gates in the piece j', by which the melted
metal may be poured in when the moulds are complete, the patterns being
raised higher up and the further part of the mould box closed and filled till
all the parallel parts of the mould are complete. When the patterns have

page_text: been raised to a height sufficient to complete the parallel parts of the pipe,
faucet parts are to be formed by applying pieces 2, 5, on the ends of the patterns.
The ramming in of the sand around the same is then to take place in the
ordinary way, the gate pin not being removed till this is completed, in order
that the gate may not be filled up or injured. The faucet pieces and the gate
pin are now removed, and the patterns f¹ raised up out of the moulds so as
to be removed from the rods f upon which are now placed steps w to receive
the cores; these cores are now to be lowered into the moulds, and by reversing
the motion of the screw b the rods f will guide the cores into the moulds, and
the moulds being completed the fluid metal is to be poured down the centre
gate tube produced by the gate pin and it will fall into the part and
diverge through the several gates or openings into the several moulds till the
metal overflows the centre gate tube when it will flow into the upper parts of
and fill the moulds completing the castings. I would state that, although this.
mode of making. moulds is particularly applicable when several moulds are
being formed, yet this mode of raising the patterns is also very useful when a
single mould is to be produced.
I will now describe the second part of my Invention, which consists of
forming moulds on apparatus in such manner as to avoid the lifting heretofore
necessary when transmitting large moulds into drying stoves. For this pur-
pose I cause stoves to be constructed with railways or tramways through them,
and I have trucks suitably arranged for having moulds formed thercon, so
that, without being raised or moved from the surface where they have been
formed, they may be at once moved by their trucks into the drying stoves.
Figure 5 shews the front of a drying stove; Figure 6 and Figure 7 show
two side sections; Figure 8 is a transverse section; Figure 9, a plau, in section.
with a truck having a mould thereon, within the stove, and Figure 10 is a
plan, in section, of the stove empty. Heated air is to be caused to blow into
the space below the gratings, either by force or otherwise, and thence to flow
up into and pass away from the stove. Thus will the moulds be dried with
great facility without the mould being lifted or moved from the surface on
which it has been constructed; and in order to manufacture cores I employ
hollow core bars with grooved sides, as shewn at Figure 11; and in order to
savo straw bands, heretofore employed, I use vegetable matter, such as saw-
dust, or peat, and I mix the same with as small a quantity of clay as will enable
the compound to work well, and I apply such plastic matter in filling up the
hollows or flutes of the bar. A bar thus partially coated I force into a cylin-
drical sand mould, whose internal diameter is somewhat less than the external
diameter of this coated bar. The cylindrical sand mould. I make in a core box,

page_text: in a similar manner to the way in which I make moulds, as described in my
former Specification. By raising the bar the sand will adhere thereto, and be
removed from the box, forming a sand surface to the bar capable of being
used as a core; and in order to get out this core bar and core bars, made in
the ordinary way, from the moulds when on a large scale, I apply an hydraulic
press. Figure 12 shews a plan, Figure 18 and Figure 14 show two elevations
of this apparatus. A truck, such as above described; brings the casting
(within a mould, and having a core bar therein) into position, so that the
upper parts of the castings will come under the parts x, x, of the press, and
then the press is to be set to work and the bar will be started and raised, so
that it may be readily moved away.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, I would have it understood that I do not confine
myself to the details as herein described, so long as the peculiar character of
any part of my Invention as herein described be retained; but what I claim
is,―
First, the making several moulds at one time, or a single mould, by using
patterns capable of being moved progressively into the mould box.
Secondly, I claim the mode of manufacturing and drying moulds, whereby
they are moved on trucks into the stoves.
Thirdly, I claim the mode of constructing cores, and also the mode of
moving large core bars out of castings.
In witness whereof, I, the said David Yoolow Stewart, have hereunto set
hand and seal, this Fourth day of July, in the year of our Lord
my
Enrolled the Fourth day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and forty-nine.