matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN AXLES AND AXLE BOXES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ebenezer Partridge at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd April
1860.
I, EBENEZER PARTRIDGE, of Stourbridge, in the County of Worcester,
Engineer and Ironfounder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AXLES AND AXLE BOXES," to be as follows:-
My Invention in axles consists in forming the journal in a separate piece
from the axle itself, and in uniting the parts and connecting them with the
box, as hereafter described. In describing one end of an axle I shall be
describing both ends, as they are alike. The end of the axle proper is formed
hollow for about four inches, more or less, it has a screw thread cut on the
end, which extends for about one inch and a half, and slots or apertures are
made extending through the thread and substance of the hollow end. The
journal consists of a solid shaft formed by preference conical at one end, to
enter and fit in the hollow end of the axle. At the other end a screw thread
is cut to receive the cap, and inside of the screw is a shoulder or collar, which,
when in position, bears upon a washer placed between it and the outer end of
the box. One or more holes is or are made through the conical part of the
journal for the reception of a pin or bolt passed through holes made in the
hollow part of the axle and through the journal. A screw-threaded nut with
a collar or ring on the outer end is screwed over the thread on the hollow end
of the axle, and entering a flange on the inner end of the box, bears upon a

page_text: washer placed between it and a ring formed on the inside of the box; the
threaded nut is prevented from turning by means of a screw, which passes
through a threaded hole made for its reception in the side of the nut, and
enters one of the slots or apertures before alluded to in the threaded end of
the axle. Should there be any wear in the washers, collars, or bearings for
the same in the box, it will be compensated for, and the whole will be rendered
tight by screwing up the nut and fixing it by inserting the fixing screw in
another of the slots or apertures through the threaded end of the axle.
My improvement in the boxes in which the journals revolve consists in
forming them of cast iron, with a cylindrical steel centre or tube to receive the
journals; the steel centre or tube may extend the whole length of the box in
a continuous line, or it may be divided at or about the middle with an aperture
or opening between the two parts of the bearing.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OR CONSTRUCTION OF METALLIC ARMOUR FOR VESSELS OF WAR, LAND DEFENCES, SHIELDS FOR ORDNANCE, MAN- TELLETS, &c.
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Price at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th October
1860.
I, GEORGE PRICE, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Iron Safe
and Lock Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OR CONSTRUCTION OF METALLIC
ARMOUR FOR VESSELS OF WAR, LAND DEFENCES, SHIELDS FOR ORDNANCE, MAN-
TELLETS, &c.," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of combining steel and wrought iron in such a
manner as when formed into plates or slabs for the outer covering of the
sides of vessels of war, or for the casing or covering of land defences, or for
shields for ordnance, or for mantellets, or any other kind of defences for the
resistance of shot or shell fired from any description of ordnance, that the said
plates or slabs of combined steel and wrought iron shall the better resist
breakage or penetration by shot or shell than either steel or wrought iron
when used singly and alone. I produce, wrought-iron plates or slabs with a
surface of steel on one or both sides, and of any required thickness in the
course of their manufacture, i. e., by piling the iron and steel together to form
the "pile" or "billet" of which the plate or slab is produced by passing
through the rolls. Any desirable kind or quality of steel may be used, and
the hardening of the steel surfaces may be effected by any of the usual methods
employed in hardening steel.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF RAISING WATER IN BATHS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gilmore at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th December
1860.
J, JOHN GILMORE, of Ramsgate, in the County of Kent, Clerk, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF RAISING
WATER IN BATHS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in arranging valves opening into one or more pipes
leading to a reservoir or otherwise above the level of the valves in such
manner that they may be worked by the feet of the bather, and the water
thereby raised for the purpose of a shower, douche, sponging, or other like
bath.
IMPROVED COMPOSITIONS FOR PRIMING PERCUSSION CAPS, AND A MACHINE OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Germain Canouil at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th April
1860.
I, GERMAIN CANQUIL, of No. 93, Curtain Road, Shoreditch, in the County of
Middlesex, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED COMPOSITIONS FOR PRIMING PERCUSSION CAPS, AND A MACHINE OR
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
My Invention for improved compositions for priming percussion caps; and a
machine or apparatus employed therein, consists of several mixtures having the
chlorate of potash for bases; for example, I take chlorate of potash 100 parts;
glass powder 100 parts, hyposulfite or cyanoferrique of lead 80 parts, amorph-
phosphorus 2 parts, water 200 parts; those ingredients äre reduced in an
impulpable powder separately, and are mixed together with the water, forming
a paste semiliquid; it is then ready for use.
The machine I use for priming the percussion caps is a plate upon which
are fixed as many matallic pins with a head at the end of it as I intend of
priming percussion caps at a time; the head of those pins are deep in the
above composition or paste, and introduced in the percussion caps, leaving in
the bottom of it the composition required for priming them; then they are
carried into a warm room to dry.
The said machine or apparatus can be employed for all kind of fulminate
when treating them in the manner as above described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ELASTIC FABRICS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Luke Turner at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th September
1860.
I, LUKE TURNER, of Leicester, Elastic Fabric Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF ELASTIC FABRICS," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in the manufacture of elastic fabrics relates
to a mode of manufacturing elastic fabrics, whereby a surface having the
appearance of ordinary woollen cloth is produced. This is effected by the use
of woollen yarns in combination with india-rubber strands in the manufacture
of the elastic fabric, and when the fabric has been woven in the ordinary
manner it is to be submitted to the operations of dressing and fulling for the
purpose of drawing out the fibres from the woollen yarn and fulling or felting
them up, as in the manufacture of ordinary woollen cloth.
When the fibres have been drawn out so as to produce a pile, the fabric is
sheared and finished, and a cloth-like surface is thereby produced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION filed by Thomas Procter and Thomas
Walker at the Office of the Commissioners of l'atents, with their
Petition, on the 5th January 1860...
We, THOMAS PROCTER and THOMAS WALKER, both of Derby, in the County
of Derby, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
Our improvements in sewing machines consist,
1st, in so arranging the shuttle that the thread may have an equal tension
without being put through perforated holes by means of a bobbin with conical
ends, acted upon by a spring and screw, or either of them; likewise an im-
proved guide bar for the thread to pass over as it leaves the bobbin fixed in
the centre of the shuttle face next the needle.
2nd, in an improved feed motion, by which the fabric or material to be
sewn is brought forward by two wheels without centres rotating on a steel or
other metal guide, with small pinion working in the cogs of the feed wheels
made to rotate by means of a ratchet wheel acted upon by a vibrating bar, and
connecting rod and pall worked by a tappet wheel supported by a bracket or
set screw.
3rd, in an improved needle carrier working in grooved guides adjusted by
set screws and connecting rod from needle holder to the beam.
4th, in the employment of circular or straight double conical pius adjusted
by lock nuts, whereby the machine will keep its true lines, applicable to all
machines with pivoted centres.

page_text: 5th, in the employment of a centre throw crank to give motion to all the
machine; also of a connecting rod with conical pin to impart the mode of
working the beam; and also of a connecting rod attached to the lower end of
the beam connecting rod to give motion to the bell crank.
6th, in the employment of a bell crank pivoted to the machine with conical
pins, to give motion to the shuttle thrower and needle holder for the horizontal
needle to form the Lancashire stitch.
7th, in arranging the shuttle so as to work through the feed motion longi-
tudinally with the machine, and in so constructing the machines that the feed
and shuttle work in a round pipe or arm attached to the frame on which the
material is to be sewn.
8th, in the employment of a small rotating roller pivoted on perpendicular
slide, to act as a pressure on the cloth or fabric so as to keep it in proper form
during the action of the needle.
9th, in the employment of a catch wheel placed on the crank shaft, so that 1
the machine in its progress may be stopped and started without affecting the
moving power.
And, last, in the employment of a beam moved by a connecting rod from
the centre throw crank, the needle carrier being connected by a connecting rod
from the beam.
2
AN IMPROVED CHURN
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Blaxland at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th January
1860.
I, HENRY BLAXLAND, of Sittingbourne, in the County of Kent, Upholsterer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CHURN,"
to be as follows (that is to say) :-
My Invention, which has reference to an improved churn by which the
process of churning may be 'simplified, consists of a chamber or hollow case
mounted horizontally upon a rocking frame or stand, to which motion is given for
the purpose of actuating the same, and causing the milk or cream to be thrown
or driven from end to end of the said chamber, and thereby churn, the said
ends being so arranged as to present a surface vertically opposed to the action
of the milk or otherwise, and a beater or stirrer employed and worked in like
manner, if necessary.
AN IM- PROVEMENT IN SPITTOONS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Hughes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th November
1860.
I, THOMAS HUGHES, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Tin
Plate Worker, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IM-
PROVEMENT IN SPITTOONS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in spittoons. For these
purposes & spittoon is made of a hollow case, which is closed at the top and
sides, but is open at the bottom. The upper surface of this case has a central
hole or passage through it, and such upper surface is inclined in all directions
towards the centre. Within the case and below the hole through its upper
surface is a basin or vessel, and on the under side of the case and at the upper
edge of the basin, provision is made for connecting or fastening the case and
basin together. The sides of the case are made deeper than the basin, so that
the sides of the case may rest on the floor, and the basin or vessel within the
case be completely hidden. The basin as well as the cover may be of metal,
porcelain, or other suitable material.
A NEW OR IMPROVED RAIL FOR RAILWAYS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Barlow at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd February
1860.
1, THOMAS BARLOW, of Hill Top, West Bromwich, in the County of Stafford,
Oil Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
OR IMPROVED RAIL FOR RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of a rail for railways, resembling the ordinary double-
headed rail with the following addition or additions:-On either side of the
body of the rail, and midway between the two heads of the rail, is a flange run-
ning the whole length of the rail. The said flanges constitute a plate situated in
a plane at right angles to that in which the body of the rail is situated, the said
plate being about seven inches in breadth. In laying my new or improved
rail, the said plate or flanges are placed upon sleepers situated on either side
the line of rail, the said flanges being secured to the sleepers by bolts or other-
wise; when one of the heads of the rail is worn, the rail is turned so as to
bring the other head into use. As the rail is supported on the flanges the
height of the rail when turned is not affected by the worn head of the rail
which is undermost.
AN ERASER AND PENCIL SHARPENER
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Archibald G. Shaver at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th May
1860.
I, ARCHIBALD G. SHAVER, of New Haven, in the County of New Haven
and State of Connecticut, U. S. A., do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "AN ERASER AND PENCIL SHARPENER" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in improvements in the construction of paper erasers
and in combining therewith a pencil sharpener and pointer.
The improvements in paper erasers consist in giving to the craser a curved
form making its convex side with bevel edges so as to serve as a polisher or
burnisher. I also combine therewith a pencil sharpener by forming a cutting
elge on each side of the shank, making a groove serrated or roughened for
finishing the point of the pencil or sharpening it after the wood is cut away.
The construction of my eraser is as follows, referring to the accompanying
Drawing, in which Figure 1 represents a plan of the eraser, shewing its
outline; Figure 2 is an edge view of the same.
It may be proper here to remark that the exact form here shewn is not
an essential one so that the features hereafter are maintained.
The blade A of my eraser is formed of steel and should be of the best
quality, it is made thin towards its edges, of a heart shape or approaching
thereto, the shank projecting from its broadest end, as clearly shewn in
Figure 1, in which A is the blade; B is the shank; C, the handle, which is
made of wood or other material, of any pattern convenient for the purpose.

page_text: Between the shank proper B, and the blade A, I form curved indentations
D, which I make sharp on the edges to serve as a pencil sharpener, and on
the flat portion of the shank, or some other convenient part of the blade, I
indent a groove E, which should be acutely triangular in its cross section,
and roughened like a file on its two surfaces, to properly sharpen the point
of a pencil fine by rubbing the lead point along said groove and revolving the
pencil at the same time. The blade A instead of being straight along its
edges has its point curved upward as clearly seen in Figure 2, and this
curve constitutes the most important feature of my Invention, the curved
or convex surface may be straight on its cross section except near its
edges, which must be in that case bevelled or chamferred off to raise the
cutting or scraping edges above the surface to enable it to be used as a
polisher or burnisher, or the whole surface must be convex in cross section as
well as in longitudinal section, which will answer the same purpose of
elevating the cutting edges from the surfaces to be polished. This eraser
may be used as a paper cutter and folder as well as for the purposes named.
Its whole surface except the groove E should be highly finished and polished
like fine cutlery of other kinds.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FORM OF STEAM SHIPS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Campbell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th July
1860.
I, WILLIAM CAMPBELL, Civil Engineer, Hollinshead Hall, near Withnell,
Chorley, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FORM OF STEAM SHIPS," to be as
follows:-
To assist in displacing the water in front of the ship, and also to assist in
replacing the water behind it, by placing propelling paddle-wheel machinery
at its bows and also at its stern, and by making the outside of the ship of an
improved form to receive the wheels; thus, the ship is divided by two longi-
tudinal bulkheads; the center compartment is formed with bows and cut-
water, and with stern and rudder. The side compartments do not extend
the full length of the ship. The paddle wheels are placed on each side of the
center compartment, where it is longer than the side compartments. The
end and bottom of each side compartment projects partly under each wheel,
is curved in form of a recess for the wheel, and is sloped underneath to
form a submerged cutwater under each wheel. The paddle floats are fixed
obliquely and parallel to each other across the face of the wheel.
The Invention consists in making the main midship portion of the ship
broader than the end portions betwixt the paddle wheels are made, and also
in making parts of the broad portion to project partly under each wheel.
A ship may be partly formed in this manner having one pair of wheels at

page_text: its stern; the bows of the ship having no wheels can be formed into a
cut water.
I give a Drawing of the above-described ships, shewing my Invention.
Sheets No. 1 & No. 2 contain side elevations, transverse sections at
midships, and plans. There are letters marked on these different views, 5
distinguishing the parts named in this Specification, and to which the
following explanation refers:-A, the center compartment and narrow parts
betwixt the paddle wheels; B, the side compartments, the ends of which
project partly under the paddle wheels; W, the paddle wheels.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHIMNEYS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Jenkins Cole at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th March
1860.
I, JOHN JENKINS COLE, of Essex Street, Strand, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN CHIMNEYS," to be as follows:-
The flues of chimneys are generally built of rectangular or square section,
and surmounted by pots of cylindrical or conical and various other forms. By
the present Invention I place within such square or rectangular flue a pipe
or tube of cylindrical, oval, or other suitable horizontal section, and made of
iron or copper or other suitable material. This pipe has a conical or pyramidal
or expanding mouth at its lower end, which I prefer to make as nearly as may
be of the form of the "contracted vein." The edge of this mouth is made to fit
the inside of the flue. If it is inserted while the chimney is being built, it
may have a flange or a projection or projections at the edge of the mouth
which may be built into the brickwork. If, however, it is to be inserted in a
flue already built the expanding mouth is made without this flange, and its
edges are left plain, or they are curved or bent and spring out a little, so as
to fit closely to the inside of the flue. The pipe is supported by a flange or by
arms or brackets rivetted or otherwise attached to it, and resting on the top of
the brick work of the chimney. The space between the pipe and the flue is
brickwork
covered at the top by a flange or coping of lead or stone, or other suitable
material placed over or around the pipe or fixed to it. This space thus forms an
air jacket to the pipe and keeps it warm. When it is desired to maintain a

page_text: Jarge area for the passage of the smoke or products of combustion, the pipe
may be of cylindrical or oval section, and may touch two or more sides of the
flue as there will still be an air jacket or air chambers formed by the spaces
between the pipe and the walls of the rectangular flue. If, however, a square
or rectangular pipe should be employed, it is to be narrower in both directions
than the flue, so as to leave the air space round it. A cowl or cap or wind
guard of any of the known forms may be fixed on the top of the aforesaid
pipe, or the upper part of the pipe may be surrounded by a conical collar or
wind deflector, or other similar contrivance if desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER WINDOW BLINDS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Davenport at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th April
1860.
I, WALTER DAVENPORT, of No. 7, Bread Street, in the City of London, do-
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ROLLER WINDOW BLINDS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to prevent the spiral springs of roller window
blinds being destroyed by continually "buckling," as is invariably the caso with
roller blinds of the ordinary construction; also to attach the blind to the roller
in a more simple and effective manner. I produce a spring of greator range
for the length of wire employed, and prevent it "buckling" or breaking by
affixing one end of the spring to a stationary rod around which is the spring
and barrel, the other end of the spring being securely attached to a block,
which is allowed to travel in a horizontal direction within the barrel and upon
the stationary rod; this block has a groove cut in it, which fits an indentation
made within the entire length of the barrel, so that as the barrel revolves with
the block the spring will wind itself closer together, thereby preventing its
"buckling" or breaking, and when released by a pall acting on a ratchet
wheel at one end of the barrel it will again expand by means of the block
travelling as before described. The blind is made with a cord sewn along one
end thereof, which is inserted in the groove or indentation formed on the
barrel thereby preventing any unevenness in rolling up, which is the case with

page_text: blinds when attached in the ordinary way, at the same time rendering the
operation of attaching it more easy and effective. Two or more springs may
be employed in the same barrel, according to the length thereof and the depth
of the blind.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF PRODUCING CERTAIN COMPOUNDS OF LEAD
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
February 1860.-A communication from abroad by Ferdinand Feist
Mayer, of New York.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF PRODUCING CERTAIN
COMPOUNDS OF LEAD," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce chloride of lead, or other com-
pounds of lead, such as oxichloride of lead, binoxide of lead, nitrate of lead,
carbonate of lead, or chromate of lead, in a simple and cheap manner from
sulphate of lead, or to produce the last-named compounds from chloride of
lead, which may have been prepared in any other already known manner.
The process consists in treating sulphate of lead, or chloride of lead, with
chloride of sodium, or chloride of calcium, or with the chloride of any other
alkali, metal, or alkaline earth metal.
The Invention is based on the discovery that sulphate of lead is decomposed
at almost any temperature, but especially one near the boiling point of water,
point of
in concentrated solutions of chlorides of alkalies, or alkaline earths, but
especially in the solutions of chloride of sodium or chloride of calcium. For
example, the sulphate of lead is mixed into a thin paste, with a concentrated
Price Sa

page_text: solution of chloride of sodium, or common salt, and in this state it is intro-
duced into a saturated hot solution of chloride of sodium, where the same is
decomposed. The largest portion of the lead precipitates as chloride of lead,
and another portion, together with the impurities, remains in solution.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MANURE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th September 1860.--A communication from abroad by Emile Avice,
of Orléans, France, Manure Manufacturer.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF MANURE," Communicated to me from abroad by Emile
Avice, of Orléans, France, Manure Manufacturer, to be as follows:-
The manure forming the subject of this Invention is prepared as follows:-
A tub or vat is filled with, say, two thousand pounds weight of blood in a fresh
state, which is to be heated to about 180° to 190°. "Fahrenheit," about
two pounds weight of salt of lead or saturni, and twenty pounds of quick-
lime, having been introduced into it, the whole is then stirred with a
large wooden spatula, so as thoroughly to impregnate the blood with the
sulphates. The operation continues until the temperature of the liquid or
blood has attained the degree of heat above stated. The coagulated blood is
then withdrawn and dried in an ordinary oven or stove. The same result may
be obtained, using, in lieu of quicklime, the sulphates of lime, hydrated lime,
the hydrochlorate of lime, or hydrochloric acid, the acetates of potash, or any
of the carbonates of lime. With regard to the phosphates, they are evaporated
in a stove until perfectly dry.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING FLUIDS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Francis Edgeworth at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th April 1860.
I, THOMAS FRANCIS EDGEWORTH, of 147, Park Road, Toxteth Park,
Liverpool, Surgeon, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING FLUIDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for heating
fluids. For this purpose I employ a coil of metal pipe enclosed within a
case or shell of some non-conducting substance. Beneath the metal coil is
placed a metal case divided into two compartments by a partition; into the
upper compartment coal gas is admitted, and it escapes by holes in the metal
cover; into the lower compartment of the case air is forced by bellows or
other suitable blowing apparatus, and it passes from this compartment by
tubes or passages fitted into the partition. These tubes or passages are equal
in number to the holes in the cover of the case, and they pass up through
these holes to the level of the upper surface of the cover, leaving spaces
around each of them for the escape of gas. Thus from each hole in the cover
a jet of gas passes, having an air jet in its interior, and when these jets are
inflamed great heat is produced. Although I prefer to employ a coil of pipes
through which the water or other fluid to be heated is caused to flow, other
forms of apparatus for containing the fluid may be used in place thereof.
A NEW KIND OF CLOTH OR WOVEN FABRIC
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Ambler at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th May
1860.
I, JOSEPH AMBLER, of Little Horton, in the Parish of Bradford and County
of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
KIND OF CLOTH OR WOVEN FABRIC," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in manufacturing a new kind of cloth or woven
fabric in the following manner and by the following means, that is to say :-
I take worsted, cotton, silk, or other fibrous materials of similar character
thereto, using them either separately or in combination, and for the purposes
of this Invention. I propose to employ single twist warp instead of double
twist warp, as heretofore practised. I produce a rib by causing one portion of
the warp to be wound on one beam, and the other portion on another beam, and
I throw across the warp two threads of "woof" or weft of different thicknesses;
the warp on one beam comes upon the smaller weft thread, and is held tight,
whilst the warp on the other beam comes up over the thicker weft thread, and
is held less tight, which causes the thick weft to be thrown upon the surface
of the cloth, and thus forms the rib.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY SIGNALS FOR COMMUNICATING WITH THE ENGINE DRIVER, GUARDS, AND OTHER PARTIES WHILE THE TRAIN IS IN MOTION
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Barlow, of Lander St., Saltley, Birmingham,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY SIGNALS FOR COMMUNICATING
WITH THE ENGINE DRIVER, GUARDS, AND OTHER PARTIES WHILE THE TRAIN IS
IN MOTION."
Sealed the 7th February 1861, and dated the 8th August 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Barlow at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
August 1860.
I, JOHN BARLOW, of Lander St., Saltley, Birmingham, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY SIGNALS FOR
COMMUNICATING WITH THE ENGINE DRIVER, GUARDS, AND OTHER PARTIES WHILE THE
TRAIN IS IN MOTION," to be as follows :-
The arrangement of a tube or cylinder from the bottom or other parts of
the carriage to a point near the under side of the wheel of such carriage, so
that a detonating ball placed by any person in the carriage will pass through
the tube or cylinder under the wheel and on to the "rail," so as to cause it to
explode, also the elongated form of the detonating balls used for that
purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE RAILS & CHAIRS OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Monks at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th June 1860.
I, JAMES MONKS, of Alton, in the County of Hants, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE RAILS &
CHAIRS OF RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
I form railway chairs of two parts, one half being on each side of the rail,
and draw and hold the parts together by a through bolt or bolts, and thus
grip and hold the rail firmly in position. A tongue is formed on the one half
of the chair which enters a recess in the other half, and binds therein; the
feet or soles of these half chairs are bolted down on the sleepers, the one part
as a fixture, and the other half having slot holes, through which its holding-down
bolts pass to prevent it sliding towards or from the rail. These chairs are
applicable for ordinary rails, as also a rail of my Invention to be herein-
after described. The rail consists of what I term a double bridge rail, being
hollow, and somewhat of a rectangular form in its cross section, having
midway of its depth flanges or ribs on which it rests, and is gripped by my
improved chair, it may also rest on the lower part. I make these rails
with butt or lapped joints; if lapped, the lap may be midway of the depth or
thickness of the flange, or with the flange altogether on one part.
These rails are also applicable for continuous sleepers, as in ordinary bridge
rails, for which purpose I cut a continuous groove in the sleeper to receive
the inverted part of the rail, or risers may be fixed on the sleeper as bearings

page_text: for the flanges. Instead of a single sleeper it may be in two parts longi-
tudinally one under each side flange, and suitably tied at intervals.
The above-mentioned chairs may be in more than two parts as may be
required, but in all cases the through and holding-down bolts serve for the
whole.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GOBLETS AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES IN GLABS, AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Gray at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th January
* 1860.
I, THOMAS GRAY, of Carr's Hill Glass Works, Gateshead, in the County of
Durham, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GOBLETS AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES IN GLABS,
AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
This Invention applies to the manufacture of articles known in the trade as
goblets," "ales," "wines," and such other articles of glass as are composed of
a bowl, stem, and foot in one piece, and has for its object the manufacture of
such articles without joint or seam, by a combination of the moulding and
blowing operations. In moulding such articles as hitherto practised, the body
of the mould is usually made of two or three pieces joined together by hinges,
which have to be opened before the article can be removed from the mould.
In my improved method, the body of the mould is made all in one piece,
the pattern being so arranged as to "draw" in a vertical direction.
In the centre of the bottom part of the mould a pin or peg projects upwards,
which forms the lower part of the stem hollow or tubular. When the body
and stem of the glass have been thus moulded, the glass is removed from the
mould, and the lower or hollow part of the stem is opened out by the glass
blower and flattened, and otherwise manipulated with suitable tools so as to
form the stem and foot, and thus the bowl, stem, and foot are all formed of
one piece without any seam or joint whatever.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR EXPRESSING LIQUIDS FROM VARIOUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Geoghegan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th May
1860.
I, ROBERT GEOHEGAN, of James Street Brewery, in the City of Dublin,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR EXPRESSING LIQUIDS FROM VARIOUS SUBSTANCES," to
be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
machinery or apparatus for expressing liquid from semifluid or solid sub-
stances, such as barm or yeast, and spent grains and hops, and consists in the
employment for that purpose of a hydrostatic press in conjunction with a
containing vat or vessel for the reception of the substance to be operated upon,
the table of the press working downwards into the vessel, and expelling the
liquid through suitable escape or drain pipes. The under surface of the table-
and the bottom of the containing vessel are ribbed or channelled, and the
substance to be compressed when in a semifluid state is contained in canvass
bags or between layers of cloth, and placed between wire gratings; but when
the substance is of a solid nature the canvass bag may be dispensed with.
The ram of the press may be made hollow, and provided with an annular
packing so as to fit the cylinder, and the water intended to operate the press,
the pressure of which may be obtained either from a natural head or from a
force pump, or both combined, is admitted alternately on opposite sides of the

page_text: piston or packing, so as to elevate the table or depress it by an ordinary slide
valve, or other suitable valvular contrivance. The top of the hollow ram is
closed, so that the full area of the ram is presented to the pressure of the
water during the descent of the table, or when exerting its expressing force
upon the substance under treatment, whilst the ascent of the table is
accomplished simply by the pressure exerted above the reduced area of the
annular piston or packing only. This press may be worked either vertically,
horizontally, or at an angle, according to the requirements of the various
purposes to which it may be applied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SOLES, FOR CLOGS, SHOES, AND PATTENS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Stuart at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th February
1860.
I, CHARLES STUART, of Halifax, in the County of York, Mechanic, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SOLES, FOR CLOGS, SHOES, AND
PATTENS," to be as follows:-
The improvements relate to the adaptation of mechanical parts, by which
wood of various lengths as passed through the apparatus may be operated upon
by series of cutters, the motions to which are by rotary or revolving cams,
adapted to obtain the required forms for the soles, or to obtain such forms
that will require but little finish thereto when cut in separate soles. The
cutters are fixed on axes and have rotary motion given to them, whilst they
also have motion to and fro of the wood in the directions desired for the
required forms; one cutter following the curves to produce the upper surface,
another the under surface, whilst others give form to the sides or edges, as
well as to produce the "gripping" or recess, or grooves to receive the upper.
The to-and-fro motions to the respective cutters to effect the desired forms,
are obtained by their axes being carried by sliding carriages operated by
revolving cams.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SHIPS' PROPELLERS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Stodart and John Thomas
Benett at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 18th August 1860.
We, JAMES STODART, of Walworth, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman,
and JOHN THOMAS BENETT, of Dalston, in the County of Middlesex, Master
Mariner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SHIPS' PROPELLERS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in constructing propellers with a central boss, the
diameter of which is equal to about one-third of the propeller complete, and
with three or more screwed blades fixed between the central boss and au
outer ring or cylinder.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN HORSES' SHOES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Marsden and William
Lambert at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 1st December 1860.
We, ROBERT MARSDEN, of No. 22, Anson Street Park, Sheffield, in the
County of York, Blacksmith, and WILLIAM LAMBERT, of No. 9, Castle Hill,
Sheffield, aforesaid, Cab Proprietor, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN HORSES' SHOES," to be as follows :—
This Invention relates to the roughing of horses' shoes in a more speedy and
efficient manner than heretofore, at the same time obviating the necessity of
detaching the shoe from the foot for the aforesaid purpose. The same shoes
may at all times be worn, as the roughing can be done whilst on the foot.
I propose forming the toe of the shoe with a projection on its outer side, in
which projection I make or cast a dovetailed groove for the purpose of
receiving a wedge-shaped piece of steel or other suitable metal, which is to
be driven in by a hammer or other similar instrument. I also propose forming
either one or both of the heels of such shoes with the like projections, and
forming or casting similar grooves therein to that before mentioned, into which
are to be inserted other wedge-shaped pieces of steel or other suitable metal,
thus, when the roughing is not required, the pieces can be detached, and the
shoes used as ordinary shoes.
A NEW OR IMPROVED WASHING MACHINE, WITH THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolphe Corroyer and Moses
Barton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 20th June 1860.
We, ADOLPHE CORROYER, of Orchard Street, Bloomsgrove, in the Parish of
Radford, in the County of Nottingham, Engineer, and MOSES BARTON, of
the Town and County of the Town of Nottingham, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED WASHING
MACHINE, WITH THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention has for its object a more easy and expeditious mode of
washing articles of clothing and other fabrics or materials than that here-
tofore in use, and consists in a bearing carrying two standards, in which are
bearings supporting near their upper end a horizontal shaft, on which are
keyed two bevel wheels having half the teeth of each wheel cut away. Each
of these wheels alternately gears into a similar wheel, but having no teeth cut
away. This wheel is supported on a horizontal bearing placed about midway
between the bottom bearing and the shaft above named. The wheel is moved
half round by the revolution of one spur wheel, and the same distance back
again by the revolution of the other spur wheel. The wheel driven by the
spur wheels has a square hole in it, through which is passed the shaft of the
dolley pegs, which is square for a portion of its length, and is free to pass up
and down the square hole in the wheel. Below the bearing carrying the
wheel a collar is placed, moving on a pin as an axle, the pin being passed

page_text: through the peg shaft. Below the collar is a forked lever embracing the
shaft, and working on a pin in one of the standards, the other end of the lever
being connected to a rod, which is forced downwards twice during one revo-
lution of the horizontal shaft by a cam on the same shaft, thereby lifting the
dolley pegs up twice during each partial revolution, the pegs falling down
by their own weight. The dolley pegs work in a suitable vessel, and we
propose to use the apparatus which gives motion to the dolley pegs in an
inverted position, as well as on the top side thereof.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FLEECY WEB
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Nevill and Charles Bark,
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 11th February 1860.
8
We, WILLIAM NEVILL and CHARLES BARK, both of Godalming, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FLEECY WEB," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of fleecy web
especially intended to be used for cleaning the bore of rifles and other fire-
arms, and also large guns or pieces of ordnance.
The material hitherto commonly employed for that purpose has had a
woollen face, which when used with acid, has been found to curl and fall to
pieces, thereby rendering it useless.
Now the object and intention of this Invention is to substitute vegetable
fibre instead of animal fibre in the manufacture of fleecy web, which is not.
injuriously affected by acid, and is therefore well adapted for cleaning fire-arms
and guns, as above stated. The vegetable fibre may be manufactured with a
woollen or other back in the manner usually practised of manufacturing fleecy
web.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THREADING NEEDLES FOR EMBROIDERING MACHINES, AND ALSO AN IMPROVED METHOD OF WORKING THE SAME
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Wood at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th November
1860.
I, JOHN WOOD, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Embroiderer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THREADING NEEDLES FOR EMBROIDERING MACHINES, AND ALSO AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF WORKING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
Instead of stitching the thread or silk close to the eye of the needle
having a double thread near the eye, and a single thread the remaining length,
I propose to use a double thread the whole of the length, stitched together
near the eye of the needle in the ordinary manner, or left loose, thus allowing
two threads to be worked together instead of one as hitherto done. The
double threads may be of the same or different colors, and also of the same or
different materials.
By using the double thread one stitch formed by the pentagraph forms two
stitches in each repeat of the design, thus economising the time of the
worker.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIN WINDING MACHINERY
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Barnouin Rowcliffe at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
February 1860.
I, JOHN BARNOUIN ROWCLIFFE, of the firm of John B. Rowcliffe and Com-
pany, Ducie Works, in the City of Manchester, Smallware Manufacturers,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PIN WINDING MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
It has hitherto been customary in winding machines to wind a single yarn
or thread on each pin bobbin, and when two or more yarns or threads are
required to be wound on the same pin bobbin, the operation has been performed
by band. Now my Invention consists in so constructing pin winding machines
that any required number of yarns or threads can be wound together, and
at perfectly even tension on each pin bobbin. In performing my Invention
the required number of yarns or threads aro brought from bobbins supported
in a creel, and pass over a guide rail and through a traversing eye; they then
pass around a stud by which the proper tension is given, and thence to the
bobbin, which is supported on a skewer furnished with a cog pinion, the teeth
of which are V-shaped, or otherwise shaped to render them easy of disconnec-
tion. The machine is made with any required number of bobbins, and each
bobbin is turned round at a positive velocity by a wheel gearing into the pinion
on the skewer, the bobbin being carried round with the pinion by a pin taking
into a hole in the end of the bobbin, or friction pulleys may be substituted
for the wheels and pinions.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Cobb Bowler at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st September
1860.
I, JOHN COBB BOWLER, of Bowden, near Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
I arrange or construct a machine or apparatus consisting of a combination
of levers, with their fulcrums adjusted in or about their centres, so that they
shall move or revolve when first put in motion by the power of gravitation.
The power to set the said revolving levers in motion may be obtained by any
self-existant natural forces, such as steam, air, water, or any elastic or solid
substance, which by giving either an upward or downward pressure to the
revolving levers will keep them in motion, and give the necessary motive
power. By this arrangement the machine or levers are constantly moving,
whilst the weight or power is stationary.