IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPARATUS TO BE USED IN BREWING
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Haigh, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Common Brewer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE APPARATUS TO BE USED IN BREWING."
Sealed the 16th February 1869, and dated the 21st August 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Haigh at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 21st August 1868.
I, THOMAS HAIGH, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Common
Brewer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE
MENTS IN THE APPARATUS TO BE USED IN BREWING," to be as follows (that is to
say):-
This Invention has for its object, first, an improvement on the portion
of the apparatus known as the refrigerator or cooler, the object of which
is to cool the liquor quickly without undue exposure to atmospheric
air.

page_text: Secondly. The application of a peculiar strainer or bonnet to be used
in connection with the outlet or discharge pipe of the wort pan boiler to
prevent the outlet pipe being choked, keep back the hops, and allow
a free passage for the liquid, and by which arrangement the essence
of hops can be thoroughly extracted without mechanical pressure as
heretofore used.
A refrigerator or cooler according to this Invention is formed by
connecting together any required number of similar or nearly similar
duplicate parts, as may be required, which are so attached together that
they may be readily separated for convenience of cleansing, or repairing,
or extending, or reducing in quantity.
A refrigerator according to this Invention may be constructed of, say,
any number of sets of tubes or their mechanical equivalents arranged as
herein-after described.
An improved refrigerator according to this Invention may be con- ]
structed as follows:-Take any number of pipes or drawn tubes, by
preference of copper, which it is preferred should be covered externally
with a coating of tin and "sweated" together in line parallel to each
other. Each end of these tubes are fitted into a brass or other metal
casting which is of a square or other analagous form. These castings 2
are so constructed as to form hollow boxes or chambers into which the
ends of the pipes open, the same being divided by transverse diaphragms
so arranged that the water or other cooling liquid being introduced at
the lower end of the first chamber will pass through the lower pipe or
tube and thence into the chamber in the casting at the opposite end of the 2
tube into which the lower and next second tube immediately above opens,
so that the water or other cooling media may return through the second
pipe in an opposite direction into a chamber in the first-named casting,
and thence upwards and through the third pipe into a chamber in the
casting on the reverse end, and thence upwards through a fourth tube 3
into a chamber on the reverse casting, thence upwards and through the
fifth pipe or tube into a third or last chamber of the casting on that side,
and thence through the tube into a chamber on the reverse casting,
which is only of a sufficient width to receive the end of the sixth or
upper tube. The water or other cooling media then passes through a 3
port opening in the side of the casting into a chamber of a second set of
tubes, which convey the water or other cooling liquid in the same zig-zag
direction, and from thence into a third, and so on to any required number.

page_text: The required number of the several sets of tubes with their castings are
fitted into a suitable open-topped trough or vessel the bottom of which
it is preferred should be formed with a slightly raised platform on which
is laid a sheet of caoutchouc or vulcanised india-rubber. The several
sets of pipes with their end chambers are held together by means of.
transverse horizontal metal rods or bolts constructed with a head at onc
end and a screw thread at the other, on which is fitted a suitable nut.
These rods extend through holes formed in the end castings forming.
the end chambers, four being used to hold the apparatus together, that
is to say, one at the top and one at the bottom of each end to hold the
several pipes with their attachments then forming the whole of this
part of the apparatus in one piece, the several sets of pipes being.
arranged vertically parallel and in line with each other, which according
to this arrangement will be equivalent to six pipes or tubes deep, and
any length or width that may be desired.
It is preferred to arrange the several sets of pipes so that they will
break joint in relation to each other, and in some cases it is preferred
to form the sides of the end castings with waved in place of straight
line sides, to enable the several sets of pipes to be brought closer to
each other. These several sets of pipes are fitted with a feather
alternately on the upper and lower tube of the several sets for the
object which will be herein-after explained. The several sets of tubes
when bolted together are placed on the platform in the shallow vessel
described, and are held down to the bottom thereof by means of
vertical bolts and nuts which pass through metal plates forming a
rectangular frame running round the top of the castings, into which
the ends of the tubes open, and at right angles thereto. When the
several sets of pipes are screwed down on to the platform, the
longitudinal feather on the lower tube of each alternate set of tubes,
and the bottom of the several castings into which the said tubes open,
form water-tight joints; so that the worts or other liquid to be cooled
by passing over the external surface of the tubes will pass in an
up-and-down or zig-zag direction, ascending up one side of the first set
of tubes and over the upper one, and down the reverse side and between
the next set; there being no lower feather on the second set, the liquid
passes underneath the lower tube, and passes round on to the reverse
side and ascends between that set and the next, when it passes over
the upper tube of, say, the third set of tubes, and descends on the reverse

page_text: side, and in contact with the fourth set of tubes, and so on, the longi-
tudinal feather on the top of each alternate set of tubes preventing
the liquid from returning, thus forming a zig-zag passage between
each set of tubes.
In some cases in place of using drawn tubes, as herein-before
described, it is proposed to substitute therefor two sheets of corrugated
metal, by preference copper, coated with tin internally and externally,
joined together by soldering and pressure or rivetting, or any other
convenient way, so as to form independent parallel tubes or passages,
and fitting the ends of the same with cast chambers, as described, in
the same way as if the tubes or pipes were used, as herein-before
described.
By the use of this improved apparatus it will be readily seen that
the several external surfaces of the tubes or their mechanical equivalent
may be brought very close together, so that only a thin film or stream
of the liquid to be cooled can pass over the external surface of the
pipes, thus insuring the rapid and certain cooling of the liquid to be
treated.
The second part of this Invention relates to an improved strainer
to enable the liquor and the hop leaves to be separated in the boiler
or wort pan, and consists of a semi-spherical or other suitably shaped
bonnet or covering formed of a metallic net or wire gauze of sufficient
external surface to allow the liquor on which the hops are immersed
to perculate therethrough with sufficient rapidity to meet the demands
of the discharge pipe. This semi-spherical or other suitably shaped
wire gauze bonnet or strainer is distended on a suitable frame, and is
provided with horizontal metallic arms or spokes jointed on their outer
ends to the zone forming the base of the semi-sphere, and which
spokes on their inner ends are formed with spring claw points, which
take into the throat of the discharge pipe when required. This semi-
spherical bonnet or other suitably shaped strainer may be suspended
on a goose-neck crane, or in any other convenient way by which it
may be applied to or withdrawn from the discharge pipe.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Haigh in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 20th February 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
HAIGH, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Common Brewer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of August, in the year
of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-second
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Thomas Haigh, Her special license that I, the
said Thomas Haigh, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Thomas Haigh, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within: the-
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,.
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPARATUS; TO BE
USED IN BREWING," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Thomas Haigh, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters.
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Haigh, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in, and.
by the following statement, that is to say :-
This my said Invention has for its object, first, an improvement on:
the portion of the apparatus known as the refrigerator or cooler, the
object of which is to cool the liquor quickly without undue exposure to
atmospheric air.
Secondly. The application of a peculiar strainer or bonnet to be
used in connection with the outlet or discharge pipe of the wort pan
.

page_text: boiler to prevent the outlet pipe being choked, keep back the hops,
and allow a free passage for the liquid, and by which arrangement the
essence of the hops can be throughly extracted without mechanical
pressure as heretofore used.
A refrigerator or cooler constructed according to this my said
Invention is formed by connecting together any required number of
similar or nearly similar duplicate parts as may be required, which
are so attached together that they may be readily separated for
.convenience of cleansing or repairing, or extending or reducing in
quantity.
A refrigerator according to this my said Invention may be constructed
of, say, any number of sets of tubes, or their mechanical equivalents
arranged as herein-after described.
My improved refrigerator according to this Invention may be con-
structed as follows:-Take any number of pipes or drawn or sweated
tubes, by preference of copper, which I prefer should be covered
externally with a coating of tin, and "sweated" together in line parallel
to each other, each end of these tubes are fitted into a brass or other
metal casting, which is of a square or other analagous form; these
castings I construot to form hollow boxes or chambers, into which
the ends of the pipes open, the same being divided by transverse
diaphragms so arranged that the water or other cooling liquid being
introduced at the lower end of the first chamber will pass through the
lower pipe or tube, and thence into the chamber in the casting at the
opposite end of the tube, into which the lower and next second tube
immediately above opens, so that the water or other cooling liquid may
return through the second pipe in an opposite direction into a chamber
in the first-named casting, and thence upwards and through the third
pipe into a chamber in the casting on the reverse end, and thence
upwards through a fourth tube into a chamber on the reverse casting,
thence upwards and through the fifth pipe or tube into a third or last
chamber of the casting on that side, and thence through the tube into
a chamber on the reverse casting, which is only of a sufficient width
to receive the end of the sixth or upper tube. The water or other
cooling media then passes through a port opening in the side of the
casting into a chamber of a second set of tubes which convey the
water or other cooling liquid in the same zig-zag direction, and from
thence into a third, and so on to any required number of sets of tubes.

page_text: The required number of the several sets of tubes, with their castings, I
fit into a suitable open-topped trough or vessel, the bottom of which
I prefer should be formed with a slightly raised platform, on which I
lay a sheet of caoutchouc or vulcanized india-rubber. The several
sets of pipes, with their end chambers, I connect together by means
of transverse horizontal metal rods or bolts constructed with a head
at one end and a screw thread at the other, on which is fitted a
suitable nutt; these rods extend through holes formed in the end
castings forming the end chambers, four being used to hold the
apparatus together, that is to say, one at the top and one at the
bottom of each end to hold the several sets of pipes with their
attachments together, thus forming the whole of this part of the appa-
ratus so as to constitute one piece, the several sets of pipes being
arranged vertically, parallel, and in line with each other, which
according to this arrangement will be equivalent to six pipes or tubes
deep, and of any length or width that may be desired. I prefer to
arrange the several sets of pipes so that they will break joint in relation
to each other, and in some cases I prefer to form the sides of the end
castings with waved in place of straight line sides, to enable the several
sets of pipes to be brought closer to cach other; these several sets of
pipes I fit with a feather alternately on the upper and lower tube of the
several sets for the object which will be herein-after explained. The
several sets of tubes when bolted together are placed on the platform in
the shallow vessel described, and are held down to the bottom thereof
by means of vertical bolts and nutts which pass through metal plates,
forming a rectangular frame running round the top of the castings, into
which the ends of the tubes open and at right angles thereto. When
the several sets of pipes are screwed down on to the platform the longi-
tudinal feathers on the lower tubes of each alternate set of pipes, and
the bottom of the several castings into which the said tubes open form
water-tight joints, so that the worts or other liquid to be cooled by
passing over the external surface of the tubes will pass in an up-and-
down or zig-zag direction, ascending up one side of the first set of tubes
and over the upper one, and down the reverse side and between the next
set, there being no lower feather on the second set the liquid passes
underneath the lower tube, and passes round on the reverse side and
ascends between that set and the next, when it passes over the upper tube
of, say, the third set of pipes, and descends on the reverse side and in
contact with the fourth set of tubes, and so on, the longitudinal

page_text: feather on the top of each alternate set of tubes preventing the liquid
from returning, thus forming a zig-zag passage between each set of tubes.
In some cases in place of using drawn tubes as hercin-before described
I propose to substitute therefor two sheets of corrugated metal, by pre-
ference copper, coated with tin internally and externally, jointed together
by soldering and pressure or rivetting, or any other convenient way, so
as to form independent parallel tubes or passages, and fitting the ends of
the same with cast chambers, as described, in the same way as if the
tubes or pipes were used as herein-before described. By the use of this
improved apparatus it will be readily seen that the several external
surfaces of the tubes or their mechanical equivalents may be brought
very close together, so that only a thin film or stream of the liquid to
be cooled can pass over the external surface of the pipes, thus insuring
the rapid and certain cooling of the liquid to be treated.
The second part of this Invention relates to an improved strainer to
enable the liquor and the hop leaves to be separated in the boiler or
wort pan, and consists of a semi-spherical or other suitably shaped
bonnet or covering formed of a metallic net or wire gauze of sufficient
external surface to allow the liquor in which the hops are immersed to
percolate therethrough with sufficient rapidity to meet the demands of
the discharge pipe. This semi-spherical or other suitably shaped wire
gauze bonnet or strainer is distended on a suitable frame, and is provided
with horizontal metallic arms or spokes jointed on their outer ends to
the zone forming the base of the semi-sphere, and which spokes on their
inner ends are formed with spring claw points, which take into the
throat of the discharge pipe when required. This semi-spherical bonnet
or other suitably shaped strainer may be suspended on a goose-neck
cranc, or in any other convenient way by which it may be applied
to or withdrawn from the discharge pipe.
That this my said Invention may be the more clearly and readily
understood I have hereunto annexed Drawings in partial illustration
of one modification or arrangement of my Invention for a cooler or
refrigerator. Like letters and figures marked on the Drawings being
used to denote similar or like parts.
Figure 1 is a top view or plan of one of my improved refrigerators
Figure 2 is a transverse sectional clevation of the same taken from A to B
(Figure 1); Figure 3 is a longitudinal section of the same taken through
the line from C to D (Figure 1).

page_text: A, external case or trough constructed with B, an elevated platform
on the bottom of the trough; C¹, C³, C³, C, C³, (Figure 2,) are the
series of tubes or pipes, which may be either drawn or sweated or
soldered, and in either case I sweat or solder together longitudinally
the several pipes forming the several sections of the apparatus, which
several series of pipes are at each end socketed into D, chambered
castings, which are divided so as to form a passage from one pipe to
another in a zig-zag direction, forming a passage for the water or other
cooling media, as indicated by the arrows. E, feather running along the
several sets of pipes alternately at the top or bottom of each set to cause
the worts or other liquids to be cooled to pass up and down between the
several sets of tubes or pipes, and which feathers on the lower end of
each alternate set of pipes rests upon a sheet of india-rubber or strip
of caoutchouc or other packing laid in grooves formed in the elevated
platform to receive the same, and which several sets of pipes are held
together and down by means of F, vertical bolts which pass through the
bottom of the cooler and raised platform and through holes in
G, G, G, G³, horizontal bars of flat iron, against which the several
nutts on the upper ends of the vertical rods abut, and by which the
whole apparatus is held in position. H, inlet pipe for water which
passes through the several sets of tubes, and is discharged at the reverse
end of apparatus at I, the discharge nozzle. The wort or other liquid to
be cooled is introduced at J the side of the first set of pipes, whence it
descends, and then ascends between the first and second, sets of tubes,
from whence it passes over the top of the second set of tubes and down
between the second and third set, whence it passes under the third set
of tubes and up the reverse side in contact with the fourth set, whence
it passes over and down between the reverse side of the latter and the
fifth set of tubes, and so on through the whole series of pipes until it
is discharged at the end of several series of pipes sufficiently cool to be
run into the working square.
With regard to the improved strainer I think it unnecessary to illus-
trate it by Drawings, as the herein-before description of the parts of my
improved apparatus will be sufficient to enable any one skilled in the art
to make and apply that part of my Invention without trouble.
Having now fully described and ascertained the nature of this my said
Invention, and the best means I am acquainted with for carrying the

page_text: same into practical effect, I wish it to be understood that I do not
confine myself to the precise details, relative proportions, or dimensions
of the several parts, as it will be readily seen that the same may be
considerably varied without departing from the Invention; but what I
claim is,-
First. The general arrangement and combination of the several
parts of the apparatus herein-before described and set forth for the
cooling of wort and other liquids, substantially in the manner and for the
purposes herein-before described and set forth, and operated substantially
in the manner and for the purposes stated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Haigh, have hereunto
set my hand and affixed my seal, this Nineteenth day of
February, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-nine.
Witness,
WILLIAM WALKER,
of 44, Castle Street,
Liverpool.
THOMAS (L.S.) HAIGH.