IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WARMING AND VERMELAMINO
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard George, of Kilburn, in the County of
Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
WARMING AND VERMELAMINO ADAM D
Sealed the 9th April 1868, and dated the 11th October 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION, left by the said Richard George at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the
11th October 1867.
I, RICHARD GEORGE, of Kilburn, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
WARMING AND VENTILATING APARTMENTS OR BUILDINGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in arranging apparatus for the
purpose of imparting a moderate degree of heat to the interior of an apartment
or building, a sufficient degree of heat being communicated to the atmospheric
air (without deterioration) as it passes from the exterior of the room or build-
ing through the heating apparatus, whereby a constant current of fresh warm
air is admitted to the interior for the purpose of warming and ventilating the
The arrangement of apparatus which I employ in carrying out my
Invention consists of an outer case (by preference of thin sheet iron) supported
on legs or otherwise. An open fire box or stove is placed or arranged at the lower
part within the outer case, air being admitted thereto for supporting combustion
through a grate of bars or apertures below and a pan or receptacle for the
ashes is placed underneath. The products of combustion from the fire box or
stove after circulating within the outer case together with the impure air
drawn from the apartment to support combustion pass away through a pipe or

page_text: flue (furnished with a regulator at the back of the case or otherwise to a
chimney. Fuel is supplied to the fire through a fire door arranged in the front
of the case or in any other convenient manner. A coil of pipe (by preference
from four to five inches in diameter or thereabout) is arranged around the
interior of the outer case above the fire box, the lower end of this pipe passes
out through the lower part of the case, and is so arranged as to be in com-
munication with the atmosphere exterior of the room or building to be heated
and ventilated. The upper end of the coil of pipe passes out at the top or
upper part of the outer case where it is in open communication with tho
interior of the building. The heat from the fire box or stove transmits
sufficient heat through the surface of the coil of pipe to cause the circulation
of a current of air to pass through the pipe from the exterior of the room or
building into the interior, thereby imparting sufficient heat to the atmospheric
air without deterioration or loss of oxygen by contact with the surface of the
pipe, the exterior of which together with the inner surface of the case soon
becomes coated with carbon from the smoke and products of combustion, thus
protecting the inlet pipe and case from being overheated. The form and
dimensions of the apparatus may be greatly varied without departing from the
nature of my Invention, which consists in surrounding an open fire box or
stove with an outer case of large capacity compared with the stove, and in
causing a large volume of air to pass from the exterior to the interior of a room or
building so as to be sufficiently heated (without deterioration) in circulating
through a pipe, passage, or chamber formed within the outer case to warm and
at the same time ventilate the room or building in which the apparatus is
placed. The outer case may be covered with wirework if desired.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard George in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 11th
April 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
GEORGE, of Kilburn, in the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Richard George, Her special licence that I, the said Richard
George, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the

page_text: said Richard George, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all tinies thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR WARMING AND VENTILATING APARTMENTS OR BUILDINGS," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Richard George, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their bands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard George, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Javention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object certain improvements in the construction
and arrangement of portable stoves or apparatus for warming and ventilating
apartments or buildings in such a manner that a constant current of warm
atmospheric air passes into the apartment (by preference from the exterior of
the room or building) through a circuitous pipe or other conducting and
beating surfaces formed of thin sheet metal (sheet iron by preference) so
arranged within the chamber of the stove that the current of air has an
agreeable heat imparted to it without deteriorating its respiratory qualities;
a current of fresh warm air is by this means admitted to the apartment or
building, which is thereby warmed and ventilated. The chamber of the
stove itself is also formed of thin sheet metal (sheet iron by preference) and is
so arranged as to become sufficiently warm to radiate a gentle heat, and set in
motion currents of warm air upon its surface, which circulate in the apartment
or building together with the current of fresh warm air passing through the
above. The relative dimensions of the chamber of the stove or apparatus are
also so arranged that the heated products of combustion are retained within
the chamber of the stove a sufficient time for a very large proportion of
the heat generated by the combustion of the fuel in the stove to be absorbed
from the products of combustion before they pass out of the stove into the
chimney or flue. I form the circuitous ripe or heating surface within the
stove through which the current of air passes as well as the chamber within
which the heated gases circulate, of metal, sufficiently thin to conduct the

page_text: heat imparted to it with great rapidity; and these surfaces do not in con-
sequence attain a temperature high enough to injure the air or burn the
organic matters held in suspension by it. The coil of pipe or heating surface
and the chamber of the stove being so arranged that the ignited fuel does not
cone in contact with them, but so that the heated products of combustion
circulate around and within them..
In carrying out my Invention I form a chamber of thin sheet metal (thin
sheet iron by preference) the proportions of such chamber being large relatively
to the dimensions of the fire-place or grate in which the fuel is burnt, so that
the products of combustion may circulate within such chamber some time
before passing into the chimney or flue; the grate or fire-place is arranged
near the bottom of the chamber, which is supported upon legs or otherwise,
and the stove or fire-place is so arranged that fuel can be readily supplied to
the grate, under which a pan or receptacle is placed to receive the ashes.
The products of combustion from the fire-box or grate after circulating
within the chamber together with the impure air drawn from the apartment,
pass away through a pipe or flue at the back of the chamber, such outlet
pipe being provided with a regulator or damper. A coil of pipe is arranged
within the interior of the chamber above the grate or fire-box, the lower end
of this pipe passes out, through the lower part of the case, and is so arranged
as to be in communication with the atmosphere exterior to the room or
building to be heated and ventilated. The upper end of the coil of pipe,
passes out at the top or upper part of the outer case, where it is in open
communication with the interior of the room or building. The heat from
the fire-box or stove is transmitted through the surface of the coil of pipe
and causes a current of air to circulate through the pipe from the exterior of
the room or building into the interior, and this current of air has sufficient heat
imparted to it without injury to its respiratory qualities by contact with the
surface of the pipe, the thinness of the metal of which the pipe is formed
causing it to transmit the heat rapidly without itself attaining a high tempe-
rature, and a deposit of carbon is soon formed upon the exterior of the pipe and
upon the inner surface of the chamber, which further assists in preventing the
inlet pipe and the chamber from becoming overheated. The form and
dimensions of the apparatus may be greatly varied in order to adapt it to
various requirements, and the outer case may be covered with wirework if
desired.
Having now stated the nature of my Invention, I will proceed to describe
the Drawing annexed which shows two forms of portable stove constructed
according to my Invention.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 shews a front view; Figure 2 a vertical section looking from the
side; and Figure 3 a horizontal section of a portable stove or heating and
ventilating apparatus arranged according to my Invention.
a is the outer chamber or case formed of thin sheet metal, and supported
upon the legs a; 6 is the fire-place or grate in which the fuel is consumed,
this I prefer to form of cast iron, and as will be seen from the Drawing it is
so arranged that the burning fuel does not come in contact with the outer
chamber a or with the coil of pipe c which is arranged within the chamber a.
The fuel is supplied to the grate or fire-place through the doorway or opening
a, which when desired may be closed by means of the sliding doors a³, a', but.
which remain open when the fire is burning in the grate b; d is the pan or
receptacle for the ashes which fall from between the bars of the grate b; e is
the outlet pipe for the products of combustion provided with a valve or damper f;
(see Figures 3 and 4) by means of which the rapidity of the draught is,
regulated. It will be readily understood that the heated gases generated by
the combustion of the fuel in the grate 6 rise into the chamber a and circulate
within it and around the coil of pipe c, and that the heat from such products
of combustion is radiated and transmitted by the surface of the chamber a
into the apartment or building, and that in like manner the surface of the coil
of pipe c transmits. the heat to the air within it. The coil of pipe c as will
be seen enters at the lower part and passes out at the upper part of the
chamber a, and by means of the pipe g or other suitable channel the coil of
pipe c is placed in communication with the exterior of the apartment or:
building; c is a cover or lid which is removed when the stove is in operation,
and the heat transmitted by the coil of pipe c to the air within, it causes a
current of such air to travel through the coil of pipe c from the exterior to the
interior of the apartment or building, the air becoming warmed in its transit
through the coil of pipe c. After the heated gases arising from the combustion
of the fuel in the grate 6 have circulated in the chamber a they eventually
pass into the chimney or flue through the outlet pipe e, but by reason of the
relatively large capacity of the chamber a to the grate b, the products of com-
bustion will remain in the chamber a a sufficient length of time to part
with a very large proportion of the heat generated by the combustion of the
fuel.
Various ineans may be adopted for heating the current of air passing through
the heating apparatus without departing from the nature of my Invention, and
at Figure 4 is shewn a vertical section of a stove or heating and ventilating

page_text: apparatus where the current of air passing through the pipe c is conducted
into a chamber formed at the upper part of the chamber a by means of the
diaphragm formed of thin sheet metal, through which the heat from the
products of combustion is transmitted to the air within the chamber before
it passes into the apartment through the aperture covered by the lid c' which is
removed when the above is in operation. I will here remark that the current
of warm air introduced into an apartment through an apparatus constructed
as above described may after warming and ventilating a room in which the
apparatus is placed be conducted through suitable channels into other rooms
or parts of a building for the purpose of warming and ventilating the same.
Having now described the naturo of my Invention, and the means I
employ for carrying the same into operation, I would have it understood that
I do not confine myself to the exact form or the details shewn and described
which may be greatly varied without departing from the nature of my Invention,
which consists in forming a portable heating and ventilating apparatus with a
chamber of thin sheet iron enclosing a grate or fire-place, the chamber being
of such dimensions that the products of combustion will circulate within it for
a sufficient time to part with a large proportion of their heat, and in arranging
within such chamber a pipe or other contrivance of thin sheet iron through
which a current of air passes from the exterior to the interior of the chamber
or building to be warmed or ventilated, and further in so arranging the chamber
or case and the pipe or contrivance through which the air is admitted that
the burning fuel does not come in contact with them, but only the heated
products of combustion arising from the combustion of such fuel, substantially
as herein shewn and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard George, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Ninth day of April in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
Witness,
J. G. TONGUE,
Patent Agent,
RICHARD GEORGE. (L.S.)
34, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane,
W.C.