Improvements in Arithmometers.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Mar., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 22nd Dec., 1892-Accepted, 18th Mar., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Arithmometers.
EDMUND ALFRED WESLEY of St. Chad's Vicarage Everton Liverpool in the
County of Lancashire, Master of Arts, Clerk in Holy Orders do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The apparatus consists of a disc (or discs in the case of a special form of the
apparatus hereafter described) of paper cardboard gelatine, papier maché, wood
metal or any other suitable material pivotted to a base.
On this disc is embossed raised cut-out or moulded or attached, a spiral line
(Fig. 1. F to F) (or the line may be partly spiral and partly circular, to be used
in combination), winding from a point in or near the periphery of the disc to or
towards the centre, and in the margin of the disc a number of holes are punched
(Fig. 1A a) or depressions made (Fig. 2A) or a series of slots (Fig. 3 A) or teeth
cut out (Fig. 4 A and Fig. 5 A) at equal distances apart.
The disc bears certain letters, figures or reference marks in, on or between the
spiral lines (or circles or portions of circles). Above the disc and parallel to it a
bar (Fig. 1 B) extends, which is fixed at a point outside the disc (Fig. 1 C), upon
the base, and also upon the pivot of the disc (Fig. 1 C c), (or on a washer or plate
placed on the surface of the disc, and held in position so as not to be affected by
the revolutions of the disc, or crossing the disc and attached to the base on the
other side of the disc [Fig. 1 D]). This bar carries a light frame (Fig. 1 E and
Fig. 6 a. b. c) pierced with holes to admit the bar (Fig. 1 B) which frame is thus
enabled to to travel easily along it, towards or away from the centre, (or in place
of the frame an indicator may be arranged to move along the bar in the same way
as the frame [Fig. 7]). A point (or points), wheel (or wheels) or other projection
(or projections) protrudes on the under side of the frame (Fig. 1 E & Fig. 8 E. C.),
and engages the spiral, so that when the disc is turned in one direction the frame
or indicator travels along the bar centripetally, and on the motion being reversed
centrifugally. The frame is cut out (Fig. 1E) so as to show figures, letters or signs
marked upon the surface of the disc."
There are alternative ways of constructing the spiral, as by indicating it by a
series of holes or depressions or short cuts, so arranged that a toothed wheel on
the frame (Fig. 1 E) or on the bar (Fig. 1 B) will, on the revolution of the disc,
enter these cuts or holes and thus move the frame (Fig. 1E) or index (Fig. 7) on
the bar, or act itself as an indicator.
An alternative method of forming the spiral is by a series of plates of
gelatine, paper, cardboard, papier maché, wood, metal or any other suitable
material, each cut out so as to form a spiral outline (Fig. 10° E, 10B D, 10A C, 10 B)
and each progressively larger, and mounted on a disc (Fig. 9 A a). A radial
line (Fig. 9 E G) is cut from the centre to the outer extremity of the spiral of
each plate. This cut forms on each plate two straight edges, a longer and a
shorter. The plates are then placed over one another according to their
progressive sizes, (Fig. 9) so that the spiral may be continued from plate to plate,
the edge F. G. of Fig. 10° is then joined to F. H of 108, and F. G of 10B to
FH of 10 and F. G of 10^ to F. H. of 10 (as shown on Fig. 9 E. D. C. B. F.
GH. G H. G H. G). By this means a conical screw is formed and this is
attached to the surface of a disc (Fig. 9 A a) where the spiral winds out on the
largest plate (Fig. 9 G). An indicator is thrust between the plates (Fig. 9 J),
and on the disc being caused to revolve this indicator winds inwards or outwards
according to the direction of the force applied. The outer extremity of this

page_text: .
indicator is fixed to a point on the base (Fig. 9 P) and may consist of a bar, or
strip of any suitable material fixed to the base (Fig. 9 K) or it may be pivotted
to the base (Fig. 11 A) so as to enable the operator to draw it out, or it may be
made to slide out on, or into, the base; in either case the object being to
facilitate the return of the indicator to the extremity of the spiral without the
labour of unwinding by revolving the disc.
Another method of forming the spiral is by cutting it out on a thin sheet of
gelatine, paper, cardboard, papier maché, wood, metal, or any other suitable
material and attaching each extremity (outer and inner) to a disc (Fig. 12 F. J.)
The indicator in this case will be similar to one of those described in Fig. 9
and Fig. 11. The object of the indicator is the same as in the preceding, viz. to
point to certain figures, letters or reference marks inscribed upon the spiral.
Another method of constructing the disc dispenses with the spiral line altogether
(Fig. 13). In this case a series of circles is marked upon the disc (Fig. 13 A a)
and a projection is made on the periphery of the disc (Fig. 13 B & Fig. 14 B)
which engages at every revolution a pin (Fig. 13 C & Fig. 14 C) in a pin
wheel (Fig. 13P) pivotted outside on the base, (or it may engage a cog in a cog
wheel). The object of this being to indicate to the operator how many time the
wheel has revolved, by means of figures words, letters or signs on the wheel
(Fig. 13 D) and to tell him which of the concentric circles marked on the disc he
is to consult for the figure he requires. This indication may be given also by the
projection being placed anywhere upon the disc or pivot of the disc (provided this
pivot revolve with the disc) engaging a pin or cog wheel (Fig. 13 E) or driving a
sliding rod on which are placed pins or cogs (Fig. 14 C).
ALTERNATIVE METHODS OF MOVING THE INDICATOR.
In the method first described there was a point (or points (Fig. 8 EC) under the
frame or indicator. An alternative method is to arrange the frame or indicator, as
described, without a point (or points) below, and to move it centripetally or
centrifugally along the direction of the spiral lines by one or more beads (Fig. 15 A)
or wheels (Fig. 15 B) working freely on the bar.
An alternative method of indicating the letters, figures or reference marks on the
disc is to attach an arm (Fig. 16 A) [or arms (Fig. 17 A. A.) connected by a bar
(Fig. 17 B)] which can lie upon the disc and engage the spiral by means of a
projection on the under side (Fig. 8 E°) the sole object in every case being to
point to the letters, figures, or reference marks described on the surface of the
disc, or spirals, or circle on the disc. This may also be effected by a cord
(Fig. 18 A) attached to the axis of the disc, which in this case will be fixed to the
disc and revolve with it, projecting above (Fig. 18 C C) its surface in order to
receive this cord. From the centre the cord will pass to the indicator (Fig. 18 E)
or frame, to which it will be attached also, and then, passing still further from
the centre it will be fixed to a spring (Fig. 18 D) or an elastic band which will
keep it tight when the axis, revolving, unwinds the cord.
al
Another method of moving the frame (Fig. 19 E) or indicator is by means of
screw (Fig. 19 A) which is caused to revolve by the action of the disc
(Fig. 19 B) engaging a wheel (Fig. 19 C) fixed to the screw. In this case the
frame or indicator is tapped to fit the screw (Fig. 19 A).
Another method of moving the frame or indicator is by means of a ratchet &
pinion worked by the revolution of the disc, or a cord (Fig. 20 C) may loop
round the projecting axis of the disc (Figs. 20 A. & 21 A) and thus move the
indicator (Figs. 20 E & 21 E), the disc in this case being fixed to the axis, the
axis revolving in the base. In this case the cord will be attached to an arm
or arms (Fig. 20BB) pivotted to the base; or the cord (Fig. 21 C) after looping
round the axis may be returned round a pulley on the base (Fig. 21 B).
Should the spiral of the disc be raised, the frame or indicator may be forced
forward by any of the above methods, the projection on the under side being

page_text: forked to fit the raised spiral, or the wheels or beads intended to move the
indicator or frame may be grooved to fit the spiral.
Another form of the disc (Fig. 22 B) has the spiral (Fig. 22 C) rising conically
above the base (Fig. 22 A). In this case any of the indicators or moving frames
or arms above described that are suitable to this form of the apparatus may be
employed, or a simple wire or flexible rod (Fig. 22 D D) fixed in the base pressing
in the direction of the centre, and downwards towards the base may be used to
point out the letters, figures or reference marks described upon the surface of the
disc. The motion of the indicator in this case will be effected by the edge of the
spiral forcing it outwards as the disc revolves.
The spiral may be broken, each complete return being on a different level the
indicator being pushed outwards by the advancing edge of the unwinding spiral
until the disc has revolved once, then falling downwards by its own pressure or
weight to the next level below, when it is acted on again by the spiral upon this
level, and so on until the lowest level is reached.
In this case the spiral is composed of a series of plates of the same shape as
Figs 10; 10; 10B; 10°; superimposed on each other and fastened together as to
to form Fig. 23.
Or a series of circular plates (Fig. 24, W. X. Y. Z.) may be superimposed on
each other each progressively smaller, the smallest being on the top (Fig. 24).
These being fixed together revolve about a common axis (Fig. 24 A). A short pin
projects from a certain point on the extreme edge of each plate at right angles to
it (Fig. 24 B. C. D. E.) or some such suitable projection is made as shall throw off
a wire (Fig. 24) or flexible bar pressing on the top circle and fixed at the other
extremity on the base (Fig. 24 G) so that at the first revolution of the disc thé
bar or indicator shall be thrust off on to the circular plate below, the same process
being repeated for every revolution, until the indicator has reached the lowest
plate (Fig. 24 Z).
Another form of the apparatus may have a series of discs each bearing one
denomination of money, weights or measures only, and arranged on separate axis on
the base; to this form of the apparatus any of the methods of forming the spiral,
or otherwise indicating the number of revolutions performed by the disc as above
described, may be applied, and to this form also, any of the indicators and modes
of moving the indicators may be applied. Or these independently moving discs
may revolve about a common axis, and on each may be described an independent
spiral, so that, when each is marked with a particular denomination of weights
measures or money, the answer may be read off in an orderly way, as in Fig. 26
where A is the smallest of the discs, and is inscribed with pence, B the next
larger inscribed with shillings, and C the largest inscribed with pounds, E. F and G
being travelling frames or indicators, (or any of the aforementioned indicators
acted on in any of the methods above described) may be employed acting inde-
pendently and pointing to the answer required on the several discs. It is essential
in this form of the instrument that the discs be kept from moving one another,
which will be done by plates or large washers interposed between them and held firmly
in position on the base. This may also be done by cover plates (Fig. 27 A. B. C.)
laid over each disc, with slots cut (Fig. 27 D. E. F. G. H. I.) to expose the edge
and to enable the operator to move them, and other apertures (Fig. 27 J. K. L.)
to reveal the figures where the answer is to be read; the apparatus in this form
can only be used for such quantities of any denomination of money weights or
measures as can be conveniently written once round each disc in a circular form
(Fig. 27).
THE METHOD OF DIALLING.

page_text: and any row or rows or part of row or rows may be omitted for special purposes
or placed in a special part of the disc themselves, as the farthings are in Fig. 28 G
to G g.
These figures proceed from the outside of the disc inwards, but this arrangement
may be reversed without interfering with the action of the apparatus. The first
figure in the farthings is 0 at G Fig. 28, the next and the series proceeds, 4, 1,
1, 1, 1, 2, and so on by the addition of one farthing up to any convenient sum.
The pence which in Fig. 28 is the outside line, runs 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,
1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, and s on by the addition of one penny. The shillings line which
in Fig. 28 is the next above this runs 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, &c. up to 19 and then
proceeds 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, and so on by the addition of one shilling. The pounds
line which in Fig. 28 is the innermost runs 0 1, 2, 3, and so on by the addition of
one pound. The same method of dialling is adopted when the apparatus is dialled
for foreign moneys, or weights and measures, by the substitution of foreign moneys
weights and measures for £. s. d. & an addition of single units of money weights or
measures as in the case of pounds, shillings & pence.
In Fig. 28 the disc is divided into equal radial columns. In the centre of each
column, near the periphery of the disc, a hole is punched, or a slot, cog, tooth, or
depression made as before described.
But this method of describing figures on the spiral is not essential to the working
of the apparatus. In the case of circles being employed in place of a spiral (or
spirals) the arrangement of the figures will correspond, and be circular.
Nor is it essential that the figures be placed upon the disc, discs, spiral, spirals,
circle or circles at all, since reference numbers, symbols, words or signs may be
marked on the disc, which may be made to correspond with similar numbers,
symbols, words or signs in a table, or book, or sheet of tables used in connection
with the apparatus, by reference to which, the computor may readily ascertain
the answer required; and this method it is intended to adopt on the cheaper forms
of the apparatus. Fig. 25 shows this method of dialling where letters are used in
the periphery of the disc and the inner or spiral portion is used to show the operator
the number of revolutions performed by the disc.
Moreover the figures may be arranged to correspond with any combination of
spiral lines and circles, as in Fig. 28 P to Ff where the farthings are on a circular,
and the other figures on a spiral line (Fig. 28 F to Ff).
Consecutive numbers marked on the spiral (or circle) on the disc may be used
as reference numbers in connection with tables; and this is intended to be done
with the apparatus (Fig. 28) when dialled for money, the pounds line furnishing
the required reference numbers which will be used with a book, sheet or card of
tables, enabling the operator to add together various denominations of money
weights and measures, English & foreign at will. These tables will be constructed
to show the result of the addition performed. Thus should the number on the
spiral pointed to by the indicator (or appearing in the frame, or opening in the
cover plate) be 200, in the table corresponding with 200 will be found what 200
units represent in lbs. avoirdupois, viz. 7 qrs. 4 lbs. or 1 cwt. 3 qrs. 4 lbs.
THE BASE.
On the base-board (Fig. 28 X & Fig. 1 X) on which the disc revolves and
exactly opposite to the holes, cogs, teeth, slots, or depressions in the periphery of
the disc, already described, is inscribed a series of numbers, consisting of such
digits as shall be useful for the calculation of the particular denomination of weights
and measures or money for which the apparatus is constructed. In the case of
English money this series will be 1 to 19 (Figs. 28 Y Z. & 1 YZ) or 1 to 11
according to the size of the instrument and the convenience of dialling. On the
base board also may be placed small independent discs or slips to record the total
sum in each denomination arrived at, when the process is complete.

page_text: THE METHOD OF USING THE APParatus.
The apparatus is brought to zero by moving round the disc. This operation
may be effected by inserting a pointed instrument, as a pencil, bodkin or stiletto,
in the hole, slot, depression, cog or tooth in the periphery of the disc and moving
the disc round until the point, marked zero, on the same corresponds with a given
mark on the base (Fig. 28 zero). [This movement may also be effected by an
arm, pivotted on to the axis of the disc, bearing a pawl which will engage
teeth (Fig. 5 A) or cogs (Fig. 4 A) in the periphery of the disc.]
When the apparatus is brought to zero if the frame or indicator points to or
marks 0 on the disc, the apparatus is ready for the operator. If the indicator or
frame should not be in position but lie upon some inner spiral or circle it can be
drawn down to place; and to facilitate this operation, a radial groove may be
marked on the disc commencing at the innermnost spiral (or circle) and proceeding
outwards to the outermost; along which the frame or indicator may be drawn
until it points to or indicates 0 on the disc. When this is done the apparatus is
ready for use.
Suppose farthings are to be cast up, the disc must be turned until 0 in the
farthings row (Fig. 28 P F) is opposite zero, and suppose the series be 1,, &.
The operator places his pointed instrument in the hole (Fig. 28 A) depression slut,
or tooth opposite the figure 1 in the row Y Z Fig. 28, marked on the baseboard
Fig. 28 X and brings round the disc to the left to the zero point on the base where
a stop is placed on the base (Fig. 28 W) to prevent his moving the pointed instru-
ment further. (In the case of an arm with a pawl being used he brings the arm
to the figure 1 in the row Y Z Fig. 28 and draws it back until a stop is
encountered). He next places the instrument in the hole opposite to 3 in the
row Y Z of Fig. 28 and brings it round to the stop, then in 2, and again in 2 each
time moving the disc round.
On examining the disc it will be found that 2 appears in the farthings row
within the frame, or close to the indicator, which is the sum of the series.
0
Again, he brings the point, marked 0 on the disc, to zero. He takes 2 (which
0
is the carrying figure from the farthings) as the first figure to be cast up in the
pence column, places his instrument in the hole opposite 2 on the base and draws
the disc over to the stop. Suppose the pence series for casting be 9. 11. 4. 3. 7. 8.
and 10 he successively places his instrument in the hole opposite each of these
figures and draws it round to the stop. When all these figures have been taken,
In the same
the result will appear, in the frame or close to the indicator viz. 4. 6.
way he deals with the shillings and pounds.
In all the figures representing the apparatus with a spiral, or spirals described
upon it, the spiral winds in one direction, but the spiral or spirals may be either
right handed or left handed spirals without affecting the working of the apparatus.
but if the spiral be reversed the order of the figures in the row Y Z Fig. 28 must
also be reversed.
Subtraction is arrived at by working the disc in the reverse motion to addition.
Dated this 24th day of March 1892.
EDMUND ALFRED WESLEY.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Arithmometers.
EDMUND ALFRED WESLEY, Master of Arts, Clerk in Holy Orders 93 Chatham
Street Liverpool in the County of Lancaster formerly of St. Chad's Vicarage
0 Everton Liverpool in the County of Lancaster do hereby declare the nature of this

page_text: invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention which relates to an improvement in arithmometers is intended to
facilitate the operation of adding together sums of money weights and measures,
English and foreign. It consists of a base-board (Fig. 1. X X. in the drawings
left with the Provisional Specification) formed of cardboard papier maché, wood,
metal, or any other suitable material on which is pivotted a disc (Fig. 1 C) which
lies parallel on its surface, and which moves freely round the pin on which it is
pivotted (or the pin may work freely in the base board). In the periphery of this
disc at regular distances (to register with certain figures marked on the disc here-
after described) holes are pierced (Fig. 1 A a) or depressions (Fig. 2A) or slots.
(Fig. 3 A) or cogs (Fig. 4 A) or teeth (Fig. 5 A) are cut. On the disc a spiral
line (Fig. 28 F. Ff) is described (or spirals) or a circle (Fig. 13 A) or circles or
portions of circles, or a combination of spirals and circles as hereafter described,
bearing, figures, signs or reference marks, in or between the spiral line (or circles,
or portions of circles). Above the disc and parallel to it a bar, (Fig. 1B) extends
which is fixed at a point outside the disc (Fig. 1 C) upon the base, and also upon
the pivot of the disc (Fig. 1 C c), (or on a washer or plate placed on the surface of
the disc, and held in position so as not to be affected by the revolutions of the
disc, or crossing the disc and attached to the base on the other side of the disc
(Fig. 1 D). This bar carries a light frame (Fig. 1. E) (Fig. 6 a b c) pierced with
holes to admit the bar (Fig. 1. B) which frame is thus enabled to travel easily along
it, towards or away from the centre, (or in place of the frame an indicator may be
arranged to move along the bar in the same way as the frame [Fig. 7]. A point
(or points), wheel (or wheels), or other projection (or projections) protrudes on
the under side of the frame (Fig. 1. E and Fig. 8. E c), and engages the spiral so
that when the disc is turned in one direction the frame or indicator travels along
the bar centripetally, and on the motion being reversed centrifugally. The frame
is cut out (Fig. 1. E.) so as to show figures, letters or signs marked upon the surface
of the disc.
There are alternative ways of constructing the spiral, as by indicating it by a
series of holes or depressions, or short cuts so arranged that a toothed wheel on
the frame (Fig. 1. E.) or on the bar (Fig. 1. B.) will on the revolution of the disc,
enter these cuts or holes and thus move the frame (Fig. 1. E.) or index (Fig. 7)
on the bar, or act itself as an indicator. An alternative method of forming the
spiral is by a series of plates of gelatine, paper, cardboard, papier mache, wood,
metal, or any other suitable material, each cut out so as to possess a spiral outline
(Fig. 10 B. 104 C. 10B D. 10° E) and each progressively smaller, and mounted on
à disc (Fig. 9 A a). A radial line (Fig. 10 F H. 10A F H. 10" FH. 10° F H.) is
cut from the centre to the outward extremity of the spiral of each plate. This
cut forms on each plate two straight edges, a longer and a shorter. The plates
are then placed over one another according to their progressive sizes (Fig. 9) so
that the spiral may be continued from plate to plate, the edge F G of E
(Fig. 10° Fig. 9) is then joined to FH of D (Fig. 10B: Fig. 9) and F G of D
(Fig. 10B: Fig. 9) to F H of C (Fig. 104: Fig. 9) and F G of C (Fig. 104: Fig. 9)
to FH of B (Fig. 10: Fig. 9). By this means a conical screw is formed and
this is attached to the surface of a disc (Fig. 9 A a) where the spiral winds out on
the largest plate. An indicator is thrust between the plates (Fig. 9 J), and on
the disc being caused to revolve this indicator winds inwards or outwards according
to the direction of the force applied. The outer extremity of this indicator is
fixed to a point on the base (Fig. 9 P) and may consist of a bar or strip of any
suitable material fixed to the base (Fig. 9 K) or it may be pivotted to the base
(Fig. 11. A) so as to enable the operator to draw it out, or it may be made to slide
out, on or into the base; in either case the object being to facilitate the return of
the indicator to the extremity of the spiral without the labour of unwinding by
revolving the disc.

page_text: pressing in the direction of the centre, and downwards towards the base may be
used to point out the letters figures or reference marks described upon the surface
of the disc. The motion of the indicator in this case will be effected by the edges
of the spiral forcing it outwards as the disc revolves.
The spiral may be broken, each complete return being on a different levil the
indicator being pushed outwards by the advancing edge of the unwinding spiral
until the disc has revolved once, then falling downwards by its own pressure or
weight to the next levil below, when it is acted on again by the spiral upon this
levil, and so on until the lowest levil is reached. In this case the spiral is com-
posed of a series of plates superimposed on each other and fastened together
(Fig. 23).
Or a series of circular plates may be superimposed upon each other, each
progressively smaller, the smallest being on the top (Fig. 24 W X Y Z) may be
superimposed upon each other progressively smaller, the smallest being on the top
(Fig. 24). These being fixed together revolve about a common axis (Fig. 24 A).
A short pin projects from a certain point on the extreme edge of each plate at
right angles to it (Fig. 24 B CDE) or some such suitable projection is made as
shall throw off a wire (Fig. 24 F) or flexible bar pressing on the top circle and
fixed at the other extremity on the base (Fig. 24 G) so that at the first revolution
of the disc the bar or indicator shall be thrust off onto the circular plate below,
the same process being repeated for every revolution until until the indicator has
reached the lowest plate (Fig. 24 Z). Another form of the apparatus may have a
series of discs each bearing one denomination of money weights or measures only,
and arranged on separate axis on the base; to this form of the apparatus any of
the methods of forming the spiral, or otherwise indicating the number of
revolutions performed by the disc as above described, may be applied; and to
this form also any of the indicators, and modes of moving the indicator may be
applied. Or these independently moving discs may revolve about a common axis,
and on each may be described an independent spiral, so that, when each is marked
with a particular denomination of weights measures or money, the answer may be
read off in an orderly way, as in Fig. 26 where A is the smallest of the discs and
is inscribed with pence, B the next larger inscribed with shillings, and C the largest
inscribed with pounds, E F and G being travelling frames or indicators (or any
of the afore mentioned indicators acted on in any of the methods described may
be employed) acting independently and pointing to the answer required on the
several discs. It is essential in this form of the instrument that the discs be kept
from moving one another, which will be done by plates or large washers interposed
between them and held firmly in position.
This may also be done by cover plates (Fig. 27 A B C) laid over each disc,
with slits cut (Fig. 27 D E F G H I) to expose the edge and to enable the
operator to move the discs, and other apertures Fig. 27 J K L) to reveil the figures
where the answer is to be read the apparatus in this form can only be used for
such quantities of any denomination of money weights or measures as can be con-
veniently written once round each disc in a circular form (Fig. 27).
:
THE METHOD OF DIALLING.
When the apparatus is arranged to add up pounds, shillings and pence (Fig. 28)
there are three rows of figures in on or between the spiral lines, representing
bange
shillings and nounds for the farthings may he added: or any row or part

page_text: 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 1; 1.1; 1.2; 1.3; and so on by the addition of a
penny. The shillings line (which in Fig. 28 is the next row above this) runs
12; 3; 4 &c. to 19 and then proceeds 1.0; 1.1; 1.2; 1.3; and so on by the addition
of a shilling. The pounds line (which in Fig. 28 is the innermost line) runs
0; 1; 2; 3 and so on by the addition of one pound. The same method of dialling
is adopted when the apparatus is dialled for foreign moneys or for English or
foreign weights or measures by the substitution of such for £. s. d. and an addition
of single units of such moneys weights or measures as in the case of pounds
shillings and pence.
The disc is divided into equal radial columns (Fig. 28). In the centre of each
column near the periphery a hole is punched or slot or depression cut or made, or
the edge of the disc is cut with a tooth or cog for each radial column as before
described (Figs. 1 A. a; 2 A; 3 A; 4 A; 5 A).
But this method of describing figures on the spirals or between the spirals is not
essential to the working of the apparatus. In the case of circles being employed
in setting out the dial the arrangement of the figures will circular. Nor is it
essential that the figures be placed on the disc since reference numbers symbols or
signs may be placed there instead, which may be made to correspond with similar
numbers symbols or signs in a table or book or sheet of tables used in connection
with the apparatus, by reference to which the computor may readily ascertain the
answer required and this method it is intended to adopt in the cheaper forms of
the apparatus. Fig. 25 shows this method of dialling, where letters are used in
the periphery of the disc and the inner or spiral portion is used to show the
operator the number of revolutions performed by the disc.
Moreover the figures may be arranged to correspond with any combination of
spiral lines and circles as in Fig. 28 P F where the farthings are on a circular, and
the other figures on a spiral line (Fig. 28 F to Ff).
Consecutive numbers marked on the spiral (or circle) on the disc may be used as
reference numbers in connection with tables; and this is intended to be done with
the apparatus (in Fig. 28) when dialled for money, the pounds line furnishing the
required reference numbers which will be used with a book sheet or card of tables,
enabling the operator to add together various denominations of money weights and
measures, English and foreign at will. These tables will be constructed to show
the results of the addition performed. Thus, should the number on the spiral or
circle pointed to by the indicator or appearing in the frame or opening in the cover
plate be 200; in the table corresponding with 200 will be found what 200 units
of lbs. avoirdupois equal viz. 7 qrs. 4 lbs.
THE BASE.
On the base board (Fig. 28 X Fig. 1 X) on which the disc revolves and exactly
opposite to the holes cogs slots teeth or depressions in the periphery of the disc
already described, is inscribed a series of numbers, consisting of such digits as
shall be useful for the calculation of the particular denomination of money weights
or measures for which the apparatus is constructed. In the case of English money
this series will be 1 to 19 (Fig. 28 Y Z & Fig. 1 Y Z) or 1 to 11 according to the
size of the instrument and the convenience of dialling; or the numbers may run to
a higher number. On the base board also may be placed small independent discs or
slips to record the total sum in each denomination arrived at when the process.is
complete.
THE METHOD OF USING THE APPARATUS.
The apparatus is brought to zero, (the starting point) by moving round the disc
by inserting a pointed instrument, as a pencil bodkin or stilleto in the hole slot
depression cog or tooth in the periphery of the wheel, and moving the disc round
until the point marked zero on the same is brought exactly opposite to a given
mark on the base (Fig. 28. zero). (This movement may also be effected by an arm
B

page_text: pivotted on to the axis of the disc, bearing a pawl which will engage the teeth
(Fig. 4 A) or cogs (Fig. 5 A) in the periphery of the disc.)
When the apparatus is brought to zero if the frame or indicator contains or
points to the figure 0. on the disc it is ready for use. If however the indicator or
frame should not be in position but lie upon some inner spiral or circle it can be
brought to the required position by revolving the disc; and in the case of the
frame on the travelling-bar being used, a radial groove may be marked on the disc,
commencing at the innermost spiral or circle and proceeding outwards to the outer
extremity, joining the two extremities of the spiral together, or the two circles
together, and in such a position with regard to the figures on the disc that when
the frame is drawn down to the outer extremity it shall show 0. The object of
this arrangement being to obviate the necessity of unwinding the spiral until the
figure 0 is indicated.
When farthings are to be added together the disc must, after being brought to
zero be turned still further (to G, Fig. 28) till 0 appears in the farthings row.
opposite to zero. Suppose the series of farthings which it is required to cast be
...the operator places the pointed instrument in the hole depression slot or
tooth in the periphery of the disc that is opposite to 1 in the row (Y Z Fig. 28)
marked on the base board, and brings round the disc to the left to zero where it
encounters the stop described. (In case an arm with a pawl is used he brings the
arm opposite 1 in the figure row (Y.Z Fig. 28) and brings it round to the stop).
He treats the 3, 2 and 2 successively in the same way. The disc will show 2
within the frame or under the pointing of the indicator which means 2d is the sum
of the series.
If this 2d is to be carried to a column of pence, after bringing the disc to zero.
places his instrument in the hole, in the figure row (Y Z Fig. 28) and brings it
round to the left. Suppose the pence column proceed thus 9. 11. 4. 3 7. 8. 10 he
successively places his instrument in the holes opposite each and draws the disc
round to the stop. When all the figures have been taken the result will appear viz.
4.6 that is 4 shillings and 6, pence. On the dial or disc shown in Fig. 28 there are
three spirals of figures. The outermost is. the pence row, and the answer 4.6 will
be found there.
In the same way he proceeds with the shillings finding his answer in the middle
row, and with the pounds finding the answer in the innermost row. One total
appearing in the frame is the answer to the pence, that is the outer. One the
answer to the shillings, that is the middle. One the answer to the pounds that is
the inner.
In all the figures representing the apparatus with a spiral or spirals described
upon it the spiral winds in one direction, but the spiral or spirals may be either left
handed or right handed; but if the spiral be reversed the figures must be reversed
upon the disc and upon the base.
Subtraction is effected by working the disc in the opposite direction to that
adopted in addition.
In those forms of the apparatus above described where the indicator is pivotted
on a point or points outside the disc, the arrangement of the figures symbols letters
or signs on the disc must be such as to be pointed to by the indicator which lies
upon its surface.
•
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
1. The method of piercing cutting or marking the disc in its periphery with
the object of enabling it to be moved with relation to certain figures on the
base board in the manner and for the purpose described.
2. The parallel bar and sliding frame or indicator actuated from below by spiral
depressions or elevations substantially as described.
3. The construction of the spiral for moving the frame or indicator by a

page_text: continuous or broken elevated or depressed line or series of holes short cuts or
depressions.
4. The construction of the spiral for the purpose described from a series of
plates mounted on a disc substantially as described.
5. The method of indicating the number of revolutions of the disc by a pointer
thrust through or into a partially detached spiral.
6. The construction of the spiral by cutting it out of a single sheet or attaching
together sheets with a spiral outline and attaching the extremeties to a disc for
the purposes and in the manner described.
7. The method of indicating the number of revolutions by a series of circles
on the plates, bearing pins which engage a cog in a wheel or actuate a slide
substantially as described.
8. The method of moving the indicator by beads or wheels working freely on a
bar substantially as described.
9. The method of indicating particular points on the surface of the disc by a
bar or bars actuated by the spiral substantially as described.
10. The methods of moving the indicator for the same purpose with a cord
substantially as described.
11. The method of moving the indicator for the same purpose with a screw,
substantially as described, and for the purpose described.
12. The method of moving the indicator for the purpose described with a
ratchet and pinion, substantially as described.
13. The method of making the spiral rise conically and actuate an indicator for
the purpose described, substantially as described.
14. The method of moving the indicator for the described purpose by a broken
spiral substantially as described.
15. The method of superimposing plates upon the disc with pins projecting to
actuate the indicator for the purpose and in the method substantially as described.
16. The method of employing a series of discs independently placed on the
base or superimposed for the purpose and in the method substantially as described.
17. The method of keeping such discs as those mentioned in the last claim from
acting on one another by washers or pierced cover plates substantially as described.
18. The method of dialling between or upon the spirals, substantially as
described.
19. The method of dialling on circles by reference numbers symbols or signs
corresponding with tables for the purposes and in the manner described.
20. The combination of spirals and circles in the dialling of the disc for the
purposes and in the manner substantially as described.
21. The method of dialling the base board with a single row of figures to
answer the purpose of casting up all denominations of money weights and measures
substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, Edmund Alfred Wesley, have hereunto set my hand
and seal this Twenty first day of December in the year One thousand eight
hundred and ninety-two.
EDMUND ALFRED WESLEY.