IMPROVEMENTS IN. THE PRODUCTION OF IRON BARS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BOLTS, AND IN THE MACHINERY EMPLOYED FOR THIS) PURPOSE
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Garrett Tongue, of the Firm of Tongue
& Birkbeck, Patent Agents and Engineers, of 34, Southampton--
Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, for the
。 Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN. THE PRODUCTION OF IRON BARS FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF BOLTS, AND IN THE MACHINERY EMPLOYED FOR THIS)
PURPOSE." A communication from abroad by Hyacinthe Vigour,
Iron Merchant, of Paris, France.
-
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Garrett Tongue
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 29th October 1873.
I, JOHN GARRETT TONGUE, of the Firm of Tongue and Birkbeck,
Patent Agents and Engineers, of 34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF IRON BARS FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF BOLTS, AND IN THE MACHINERY EMPLOYED FOR THIS PURPOSE,"

page_text: a communication to me from abroad by Hyacinthe Vigour, Iron Mer-
chant, of Paris, France, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the production of iron bars
for the manufacture of bolts having a square collar produced by means of
a combination of rollers, the section of the finishing grooves being
alternately round and square, the length of the round parts being
arranged in suitable relation to those of the square parts.
Up to the present time metal bars having a section alternately round
and square (the diameter of the round part being equal to the side of
the square part) have not been manufactured successfully.
By means of these improvements a successful result is obtained by
employing a combination of rollers and a guide, which is herein-after
described.
1
By this improved method two operations in the manufacture of metal
bolts having square collars are dispensed with:-First, by not heating 1
the square iron, which is the general practice in the said manufacture;.
second, by not rounding the square part.
In practice a fixed relative length is given to the square portion
required for the manufacture of the head of the bolt. It is also the
usual practice for the collar of the bolt to be one-third and the round 20
part two-thirds of the length comprised between the head and the end
of the bolt.
The diameter of the bolts to be manufactured being given it is
sufficient to know the dimensions in length of the shortest and of the
longest of the series which it is intended to manufacture in order to 25
determine the length of the square and round parts of the iron bar
which will admit without loss of iron all the intermediate lengths of
bolts the two extremes of the series will comprise.
Bars of iron made suitable for bolts having square collars constitutes.
new manufacture, effecting a considerable saving upon the use of iron 30
bars of square section throughout which have been used up to this time
in the manufacture of bolts having square collars.
The annexed Drawing shows several views and parts of a machine
for rolling iron of round and square section in accordance with this
Invention. In all these Figures the same letters refer to the same 35
parts:

page_text: A, A, horizontal rollers, the grooves being alternately round in 1 and
square in 2, as seen in Figure 5.
B, B¹, vertical rollers, the grooves being alternately round and square.
corresponding with those of the horizontal rollers being employed to.
deface the seams of the iron.
I, iron guide for the purpose of guiding the bar coming out of the
horizontal rollers to the vertical rollers with a special arrangement for
the passage of the seams produced by the rolling of the horizontal
rollers.
C, driving axle or shaft.
D and D¹, pinions.
E, E, G, G¹, gearing to transmit motion to the vertical rollers, and at.
a speed identical with the horizontal rollers.
F, driving shaft.
:
H, H¹, shafts of the vertical rollers.
Figure 6 shows a side view of the iron guide; Figure 7 shows a side.
view of the same on the line O, P, Figure 8; Figure 8 shows a plan of
same; Figure 9 shows a transverse section of the same on the line K, N,
Figure 6.
Figure 10 shows a longitudinal view of an iron bar alternately round.
and square as produced by the grooved rollers; Figure 11 is a transverse
section of the same on the line a, b, Figure 10; Figure 12 is a transverse
section of the same on the line c, d, Figure 10.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Garrett Tongue in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 29th April 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
GARRETT TONGUE, of the Firm of Tongue & Birkbeck, Patent Agents
and Engineers, of 34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of October, in the year

page_text: of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said John Garrett Tongue,. Her special
license that I, the said John Garrett Tongue, my executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Garrett Tongue,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF IRON BARS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BOLTS,
AND IN THE MACHINERY EMPLOYED FOR THIS PURPOSE," a communication to me
from abroad by Hyacinthe Vigour, Iron Merchant, of Paris, France,
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Garrett
Tongue, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing,
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature. of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent..
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Garrett Tongue, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say:
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of metal
bolts having a square collar produced by means of a combination of
cylinders or rollers, the section of the finishing grooves being alternately
round and square, the length of the round parts being arranged in
suitable relation to those of, the square parts.
T
Up to the present time metal bars having a section alternately round a
and square (the diameter of the round part being equal to the side of
the square part) have not been successfully rolled or manufactured.
- Now according to these improvements a successful result is obtained
in producing bars of this character by employing a combination of
rollers or cylinders and a guide, as herein-after described.
Two operations are also dispensed with in the manufacture of iron or
metal bolts having square collars, viz., the heating of the square iron as ·

page_text: generally practised in the said manufacture; and secondly, the operation
of making the square iron round at the part required when heated.
The time and cost of these operations being considerable a great
saving is effected by dispensing with them in accordance with these
improvements.
I will now describe the relative lengths to be given to the round and
square parts of the iron or metal bars made in accordance with this
Invention.
St
In practice a fixed relative proportion is, acknowledged between the
diameter of a bolt and the length of the square part required for tho
manufacture of the head of the bolt, this relative proportion being
usually about 3.60 of the diameter. It is also the usual practice (except
for special purposes) to make the square collar of the bolt about one-
third and the round part two-thirds of the length from the head to the.
end of the bolt.
The diameter of the bolts required to be made in accordance with
these improvements being known it is sufficient to know the dimensions
in length of the shortest and of the longest of the series which it is
intended to manufacture in order to determine the length of the square
and round parts of the iron or metal bar which will admit of the making
without loss of iron all the intermediate lengths of bolts the two
extremes of the series will comprise. For instance, if it is intended to
manufacture one series of bolts of 10 millemetres (or equivalent to
about of an inch) diameter from 30 millemetres (or equivalent to.
about 1 inch and ) up to 210 millemetres (or equivalent to about 81
inches) of. length inclusively it will be sufficient to give to the square
part a length comprising the iron required for the manufacture of the.
heads of the two extreme sizes of bolts of the series increased to the.
length required for making their collars, that is to say 72 millemetres
(equivalent to about 2 inches and 7) for the heads and 80 millemetres,
(or equivalent to about 3 inches and 13%) for the collars; total 152 mille-
metres (or equivalent to about 6 inches) for the square part of the bar.
The length of the round part will be equal to two-thirds of the total
lengths of the two bolts, say two-thirds of 240 millemetres (or about 9
inches), that is 160 millemetres (or about 6 inches and ¾). These lengths
of square iron 152 millemetres (or about 6 inches); and of round iron
160 millemetres (or about 6 inches and 3) is applicable to the manufac

page_text: ture of all the bolts of which the united lengths two to two will be
equal, to the total of the lengths of the two extremes, say 240 mille-
metres (or about 9 inches). Moreover the length of one of the bolts
being fixed the length of the second will consequently be the complement
to 240 millemetres (or about 9 inches), so that a bolt of
*40 millemetres will give the complement 5200 millemetres
[80
(or about 1 inches)
"
(or about 3 inches)
{120
"
(or about 4 inches)
"
"
"
"
1 (or about 8 inches)
160
"
(or about 6 inches ³/³)
120
"
=240 millemetres..
(or about 9 inches).
=240
"
"
{(or about 42 inches).
=240
"
According to the previous calculations the quantity of square iron
and of round iron required for making one of these bolts, and of the
given complement of 240 millemetres (about 9 inches), there will be
about 152 millemetres (about 6 inches) required for the length of square
iron and 160 millemetres (about 6 inches and #) required for the length
of round iron. Thus bars of iron or metal made in accordance with
these improvements suitable for the manufacture of bolts having square
collars is in itself a new manufacture applicable to various uses, thereby
effecting a considerable saving in the use of iron or metal bars of square
section only throughout their length which have hitherto been used in
the manufacture of bolts having square collars."
r
The Drawing hereunto annexed shows several views and parts of a
machine arranged for rolling iron of alternate round and square section.
in accordance with this Invention:-
Figure 1 shows an elevation of a machine for rolling iron in accord-
ance with this Invention taken on the side of the horizontal cylinders or
rollers; Figure 2 shows also an elevation of the same machine taken on
the vertical side of the cylinders or rollers; Figure 3 shows a plan of
the same
Figure 4 shows on a larger scale the pair of vertical rollers showing
the form of their grooves....
Figure 5 shows a section of the horizontal rollers and their grooves.
:.
Figure 6 shows a side view of the iron guide; Figure 7 shows a side
view of the same following the, line O, P, Figure 8; Figure 8 shows a

page_text: Having thus described the nature of the Invention, and the manner
of performing or carrying the same into practice, what I claim under
the above in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First. The new or improved manufacture of bars of iron or metal
formed with alternate sections round and square (the diameter of the
round part being equal to the side of the square one) for the manufacture
of bolts with square necks or collars, substantially in the manner herein-
before described and represented in the Drawings hereunto annexed.

page_text: Secondly. The improved arrangement and combination of rollers
whose section of finishing grooves is alternately round and square, and,
whose length of the round parts is in special relation to those of the
square ones, substantially as herein-before described and represented in
the Drawings hereunto annexed.
Thirdly. The use and application of a guide of a special form which
allows the engaging together with perfect precision in the second pair of
rollers as the bar is delivered from the first rollers, so that the round and
square parts of that bar coincide perfectly with the grooves of the
roller, as described and represented.
Fourthly. The method for determining the lengths to be given respec-
tively to the round and square parts, of the iron bars, by which means
all bolts of a series whose diameter and dimensions in length are known
are made without loss of metal from the shortest or the longest of the
series, substantially as herein described.
-
In witness whereof, I, the said John Garrett Tongue, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of April, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.
.