IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MATERIAL TO FORM ARTIFICIAL IVORY, AND APPLICABLE ALSO AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR HORN, CORAL, MALACHITE, VULCANITE, INDIA-RUBBER, GUTTA-PERCHA, AND FOR VARIOUS OTHER PURPOSES." PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT. to Frederick William Cottrell, of 35, Calthorpe Street,
Gray's Inn Road, in the County of Middlesex, for an Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MATERIAL TO FORM ARTIFICIAL IVORY,
AND APPLICABLE ALSO AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR HORN, CORAL, MALACHITE,
VULCANITE, INDIA-RUBBER, GUTTA-PERCHA, AND FOR VARIOUS OTHER
PURPOSES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick William. Cottrell
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th January 1882.
FREDERICK WILLIAM COTTRELL, of 35 Calthorpe Street, Gray's Inn Road, in the
County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MATERIAL TO
FORM ARTIFICIAL IVORY AND APPLICABLE ALSO AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR HORN,
CORAL, MALACHITE, VULCANITE, INDIA RUBBER, GUTTA PERCHA, AND FOR VARIOUS
OTHER PURPOSES."
According to this Invention in order to produce material to form artificial
ivory, and applicable also as a substitute for horn, coral, malachite vulcanite,
indiarubber, gutta percha and for various other purposes, fibre is immersed in a
saturated solution of nitrous acid in sulphuric acid for a short period then slightly
pressed and allowed to stand for from twenty minutes to one hour to complete
its conversion, according to the Invention the subject of a prior Patent granted
to me No. 3376 dated August 4, 1881. Afterwards according to my present
Invention the fibre treated as just refered to is washed with water until the greater
part of the acid has been extracted, care being taken that some acid be left in the
fibre, after which it is immersed in a solution of sulphide of barium containing a
high percentage (say, for example, 25 per cent. or thereabouts) of the salt which
neutralizes the remaining acid, renders the treated fibre non-explosive and improves
the appearance of the final product.
To the above mixture of sulphide of barium and fibre strong or saturated
solutions of the following substances previously mixed are added, that is to say
alum, carbonate of soda, silicate of soda; the proportions that I have found to be
advantageous in working are six parts of alum, 8 parts of carbonate of soda, and
20 parts of silicate of soda, but I do not confine myself to these proportions as the
solution is more or less effective variously compounded. After the excess of water
has been removed and the product dried, it is fit to be treated by a solvent to act
on the fibre either for the manufacture of solid articles or for solutions of any given
substance or fluidity, according to the result desired to be obtained.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Frederick William Cottrell in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 14th July 1882.
FREDERICK WILLIAM COTTRELL of 35 Calthorpe Street, Grays Inn Road in the
County of Middlesex IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MATERIAL TO
FORM ARTIFICIAL IVORY AND APPLICABLE ALSO AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR HORN,
CORAL, MALACHITE, VULCANITE, INDIA RUBBER, GUTTA PERCHA, AND
VARIOUS OTHER PURPOSES.
FOR
According to this Invention in order to produce material to form artificial ivory,
and applicable also as a substitute for horn, coral, malachite, vulcanite, india rubber,
gutta percha, and for various other purposes, fibre is immersed in a saturated.
solution of nitrous acid in sulphuric acid for a short period then slightly pressed
and allowed to stand for from twenty minutes to one hour to complete its
conversion, according to the Invention the subject of a prior Patent granted to me
No. 3376 dated August 4, 1881. Afterwards according to my present Invention
the fibre treated as just referred to is washed with water until the greater part of
the acid has been extracted, care being taken that some acid be left in the fibre,
after which it is immersed in a solution of sulphide of barium containing a high
percentage (say for example 25 per cent. or thereabout) of the salt which neutralizes
the remaining acid, renders the treated fibre non-explosive and improves the
appearance of the final product.
To the above mixture of fibre and salts strong or saturated solutions of the
following substances previously mixed are added, that is to say, alum, carbonate
of soda, silicate of soda; the proportions that I have found to be advantageous
in working are six parts of alum, 8 parts of carbonate of soda, and 20 parts
of silicate of soda all in strong or saturated solutions, but I do not confine
myself to these proportions as the solution is more or less effective variously
'compounded.
After the excess of water has been removed and the product dried, it is fit to be
treated by a solvent to act on the fibre either for the manufacture of solid articles or
for solutions of any given substance or fluidity, according to the result desired to
be attained, and as explained with regard to the treatment of converted fibre
with solvents in the Specification of my former Patent No. 3376 A.D. 1881 above
referred to.
Having described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner of carrying
it into practical effect I would have it understood that what I claim as secured to
me under the Letters Patent first hereinabove in part recited is;--
1. In the manufacture of a material to form artificial ivory and for other uses
as above specified the addition of a strong solution of sulphide of barium to the
partly washed 'converted fibre substantially as described.
2. In the manufacture of a material to form artificial ivory and for other uses
as above specified the addition of strong solutions of alum, carbonate of soda, and
silicate of soda to the mixture of converted fibre, sulphide of barium and salts
substantially as described.
3. In the manufacture of a material to form artificial ivory and for other uses

page_text: as above set forth treating by the improved process hereinabove described, fibre
that has been previously converted as described in the Specification of my former
Patent No. 3376 dated 4 August 1881.
In witness whereof I the said Frederick William Cottrell have hereunto set
my hand and seal this Eighth day of July in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
FREDERICK WILLIAM COTTRELL. (LS)