matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN STRAINING OR TIMSING SLIP OR OTHER SEMI-FLUIDS AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Septimus Scott, of Southwick, near Sunderland,
"
in the County of Durham, for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN
STRAINING OR TIMSING SLIP OR OTHER SEMI-FLUIDS AND IN APPARATUS
THEREFOR."
(Void by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Septimus Scott at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st October 1881.
WILLIAM SEPTIMUS SCOTT, of Southwick, near Sunderland, in the County of
Durham. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STRAINING OR TIMSING SLIP OR OTHER SEMI-
FLUIDS, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
I strain a lawn or silk sieve upon a frame, and this frame fits tight down upon
a flange in a box or cistern of the same size as the lawn and frame. This frame is
placed four or five inches from the bottom of the box or cistern. Attached to this
box is another box, having a communication with the one containing the lawn. In
this second box is a plunger about one inch smaller than the box, which, by working
up and down, presses the slip up through the lawn, and the slip is carried out of
the box containing the lawn by a spout. By the pressure of the plunger or
otherwise, the slip is worked both up and down through the lawn, which is kept
clear by the upstroke of the plunger.
The advantage of this plan over the old one is the great saving in the lawns, as
no shaking of the timse is required, and a steady flow of the slip proceeds from the
lawn chamber. In the bottom of the lawn chamber is an outlet for any impurities
which have not passed through the lawn.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MEASURING THE HEIGHTS OF OBJECTS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ffrench Mac Dermot at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th March 1881.
FFRENCH MAC DERMOT, of Dublin, Ireland, Civil Engineer. "AN IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR MEASURING THE HEIGHTS OF OBJECTS."
My Invention is designed for the purpose of ascertaining the heights of objects
in a simple and convenient manner, and consists in suspending a hoop or ring of
brass or other suitable material horizontally between the expanding ends of a
suitable handle, which latter is held vertically in the hand of the observer, and
within this hoop or ring is again suspended horizontally a disk or circular frame by
pivots, the line of which is at right angles to the pivots supporting the first
described or outer hoop or ring.
From the centre and also from the outer edge of the disk or circular frame rise
two vertical rods or standards, differing in height, so that a sight vane placed on
their upper extremities will form an angle of 45° at the periphery of the disk or
circular frame.
In order to secure the horizontality of the apparatus, a weight is attached to the
under surface of the disk, which retains same in a level position, however the hand
of the observer may be disturbed.
The instrument is used by looking along the sight vane towards the object whose
height it is desired to ascertain, and approaching to, or receding from such object
until the line of sight strikes the top or upper extremity thereof; then by measuring
the line of base, the height of the object will be readily obtained.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN CHURNS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by 'François Levavasseur at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th November 1881.
FRANÇOIS LEVAVASSEUR, of Paris, in the Republic of France, Merchant. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN CHURNS."
My Invention relates to improvements in churns, whereby butter may be
obtained very quickly and with great facility.
It consists essentially in giving a double rotary movement to the axle or spindle
carrying the blades, arms, or workers by which the cream is agitated.
I now obtain this movement by means of a pulley set on the axle and operated
by two cords, which, pulled at the extremities, alternately roll and unroll, giving
to the blades or workers carried by the axle a movement of rotation alternately to
the right and to the left.
The axle may carry any desired number of blades or workers, which may be of
any form and in the most suitable relative positions, and I prefer that they should
be perforated.
The case or actual churn may be of wrought iron or other suitable material, the
working axle being suitably supported therein.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO BELLS AND GONGS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Colley Lindop at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th July 1881.
RICHARD COLLEY LINDOP, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Iron-
monger. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO BELLS AND GONGS."
My Invention consists in so constructing bells and gongs with simple, durable,
and inexpensive parts that any required number of strokes of the hammer can be
given by one simple hand movement, such as a push or draw. The novel parts
can be applied to bells and gongs now in use, and although mainly applicable to
bells and gongs for call, door, signal, and alarm, they can be used with other kinds
where repeated sounds are required.
The novel parts consists of a serrated or vee grooved bar or rod, and a pallet
connected to the inner end of the hammer rod. The vee grooved bar or rod is free
to be moved inwards and outwards. When so moved the pallet is caused to rise
and fall over the projections and into the hollows one at a time. For every double
movement the hammer is caused to strike the bell or gong. The stands, bells, and
gongs, and other usual accessories, are of any desired form or kind.
It will be evident that the outline of the grooved bar or rod, and of the form of
the pallet, may be varied without departing from my Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GRATES AND STOVES FOR BURNING ANTHRACITE COAL, GAS COKE, COKE, AND ORDINARY HOUSE COAL
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Parker at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd March 1881.
THOMAS PARKER, of Coalbrookdale, in the County of Salop, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GRATES AND STOVES FOR BURNING ANTHRACITE COAL, GAS
COKE, COKE, AND ORDINARY HOUSE COAL,"
The object of this Invention is so to improve the construction of open grates
or hot air stoves as to facilitate and render practicable the burning therein of
anthracite coal, gas coke, coke, and other fuels difficult of combustion under
ordinary circumstances.
In constructing a grate, according to one head of my Invention, I leave the front
bars as in a grate of the usual form, and I arrange an opening or openings in the
back, sides, or lower portion of the fire basket, which I preferably construct of fire
clay.
This opening or openings, which is preferably at the bottom of the slab of fire
clay forming the back of the fire basket, communicates directly with the lower
part of a flue or chimney behind the back of the grate, the draught being regulated
by a damper or its equivalent situate at or about the point of communication
between the small back flue or chimney and the main flue."
This back chimney may conveniently terminate at the level of the top of the
grato, the position of the damper being regulated by a handle in front of the
grate.
I also provide an ash pan, the back of which when it is in its proper position
extends beyond the opening below the back slab of the fire basket to catch such
ashes as may fall through the said opening, and in the front of this ash pan I
arrange a ventilator for the admission of sufficient air to ensure the burning of any
gases which may pass into the back fluo.
In another arrangement I leave the back of the grate entire, as in those
ordinarily in use, and in lieu of bars forming the upper portion of the front of the
grate I use a plain or ornamental plate of cast or wrought iron or other suitable
metal, or it may be a slab of fire-brick or its equivalent.
The lower part of the front of the fire basket I leave open, and I regulate the
volume of air passing through this aperture by means of a rising slide or other
suitable contrivance whereby complete control of combustion is ensured.
I find that I am enabled by these improvements to sustain such a temperature
within the fire as is necessary for the economical and efficient burning of the fuel
of the class above mentioned, as well as ordinary coal.
AN IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR EXHIBITING OR DISPLAYING ADVERTISEMENTS OR BUSINESS ADDRESSES."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Dorset at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd July 1881.
WILLIAM DORSET, of 4, Downham Road, Kingsland, London, Builder.
" AN
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR EXHIBITING OR DISPLAYING ADVERTISEMENTS
OR BUSINESS ADDRESSES."
My Invention relates chiefly to an improved sign board or device for exhibiting,
displaying, or advertising the names, and if desired the addresses also, of business
firms or persons for exhibiting, or other matter in a more distinct and attractive
manner than heretofore practicable.
Great difficulty is frequently experienced in discerning the names or addresses of
persons in business by reason of the fact that the shop fronts or facias or the like
containing the names and in some cases the number of the houses are after a short
time rendered, comparatively speaking, indistinct from atmospheric influence, and
from the fact that they are insufficiently illuminated at night.
Thus it frequently happens that shop keepers or tradesmen suffer to a
considerable extent, in so far as business is concerned, from the fact that persons
who intended or might have been induced to become purchasers from a knowledge
of the proprietors names, pass by.
My Invention is designed to obviate these difficulties, and consists in an
improved manner of rendering names or other advertisements perfectly distinct
both in the day and at night time, and at the same time very attractive.
For this purpose I substitute for the ordinary shop facia a frame or framework
having any desired ornamental contour, and constructed of metal, glass, wood, or
other suitable material. Within this framework I place sheets of glass or other
transparent or opaque material, upon which the names, occupations, and address of
the occupier of the house or shop or either of them are arranged. These sheets of
glass are preferably of different colors and are so arranged as to readily attract the
notice of the public. To render the name or other matter or design on the glass
sheets clearly visible at night, I place behind, and if desired at the sides of the
glass in the framework, suitable lamps or light emitting devices, and by reason of
the different colors of the glass or similar material a novel effect will be produced
Din 077

page_text: which will attract the notice of a great number of persons who would not other-
wise pay attention to the name or other particulars contained upon such a frame
or advertizing medium. It will thus be seen that by the employment of my
Invention much greater profits must accrue to tradespeople than heretofore.
My improvements may also be applied to shop fronts, wall tablets, show cases, and
the like.
IMPROVED BRAKE MECHANISM FOR TRAM CARS AND OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas William Duffy at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th September 1881.
THOMAS WILLIAM DUFFY, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
IMPROVED BRAKE MECHANISM FOR TRAM CARS AND OTHER VEHICLES."
"AN
An improved brake mechanism according to this Invention consists of a shaft or
shafts running lengthways of the tram car under the truck or flooring. This shaft
or shafts are provided with right and left handed screws forming part of the
shaft or shafts. The shaft or shafts can be operated by wheels or levers at the
end or ends, arranged to work from the platform of the car by means of other
wheels or levers operated by the foot or hand of the driver or guard. The said
shaft or shafts carry cross bars with screwed nuts having respectively right
and left handed screws. These cross bars are held in guides under the truck, and
have shoes or chocks at their ends so arranged as to come against the opposite sides
of the wheels of the tram car, the cross bars being positioned on the shaft or
shafts to accord with the position of the wheels.
In operation by revolving the shaft or shafts the right and left handed screws
thereon bring the cross bars with their shoes or chocks up against or away from
the wheels, as the case may be.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES OF COMBUSTION
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Defty at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd February 1881.
HENRY DEFTY, of Middlesborough on the Tees, in the County of York, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES OF COMBUSTION."
First this Invention relates to an incased furnace made of various forms, either
of iron or of other material, for generating heat in domestic or other stoves where
a graduating heat is required, whereby my improvements can be applied and
adapted to any size, shape, or form of furnace, by preference of iron, whereby the
arrangement becomes inexpensive for the common dwelling house purposes, also
halls, churches, conservatories, malting kilns, and all places where such may be
required.
To this arrangement of furnace a grate with a fire is fixed, the same being
encased by an arrangement of transparent shell or doors to protect the fire from
the action of the cold air, and to permit of a clear view of the burning fire, all air
for combustion to pass from the back and bottom to the grate to keep a clear
graduating close hydro carbon flame. Immediately over the flame can be placed
ovens or boilers for domestic purposes, and all heat not used at this stage as it
ascends to the stack comes in contact with an arrangement of small chambers so
arranged for air passing through from one portion of the chamber to another that
all the said air becomes heated by condensation and by the contraction of the
rarified volume, thus preventing any smuts or oxide of carbon from passing the
collectors, which become coated with the soot, which soot by means of a suitable
metallic cleaner is again passed back to the fire, so as to keep a clear passage.
The air when so heated can be conducted by an arrangement of tubes from an
ordinary kitchen or other grate to any number of rooms in a house or building,
thus preventing waste of fuel and inconvenience arising from smoke.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SPINNING AND PREPARING MACHINERY.
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John William Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th December 1881.
JOHN WILLIAM SMITH of Bradford in the County of York, Spinner. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SPINNING AND PREPARING MACHINERY.'
The object of this Invention is to obtain more draught in preparing and spinning
machines used in the manipulation of fibrous substances.
I accomplish the above object in the following manner :-
When applying my Invention to gill boxes I arrange the machines with additional
gills and rollers through which the fibre is passed and in the case of preparing and
spinning machines I arrange extra rollers and carriers between the back and the
front rollers in the respective machines.
These rollers and carriers are arranged mounted and constructed in such manner
that the sliver when fed and conducted through the various machines is draughted
to a greater extent than has hitherto been accomplished by machines as now
constructed and in ordinary use consequently more weight of fibre will be passed
through the preparing machines in a given time, thereby economising the number
of machines required for preparing the roving for a given number of spinning
frames.
When applying my Invention to gill boxes, I arrange the machines with
additional gills and rollers mounted in the line in which the fibre is travelling and
regulate the speed of the additional gills and rollers in relation to the others that
the fibre is draughted to a greater extent than when passed through machines as
ordinarily constructed.
In the case of preparing and spinning machines, I mount extra rollers and
carriers between what are commonly known as the front and back rollers.: these
additional rollers and carriers are in line with the ordinary rollers and the relative
speed between the ordinary and additional rollers is such that the fibre is
draughted to a greater extent than has hitherto been accomplished by machines as
now constructed.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR USE IN CUTTING GLASS FOR PHOTO- GRAPHERS AND OTHERS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Cowan at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th October 1881.
ALEXANDER COWAN, of Porchester Terrace, Bayswater, in the County of
Middlesox. "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR USE IN CUTTING GLASS FOR PHOTO-
GRAPHERS AND OTHERS."
My Invention relates to apparatus for facilitating the bisecting and cutting to
size of glass for photographic and other purposes.
The apparatus comprises a bed to support the glass and a flap hinged to the bed
and pressed upon the glass, the edge of said flap sorving as the straight edge for the
diamond or other cutter to work against. For centering sheets of glass so that they
may be truly bisected, the Invention consists in the combination with the bed and
flap of a frame in the form of a parallelogram jointed at the corners and working
(somewhat in the manner of a parallel rule) upon pivots situated at the middle of
its top and bottom bars and fixed upon the face of the bed, so that in any position
of the frame the side bars are always parallel and equidistant from a line passing
through the centres of the pivots. If a sheet of glass be placed within the frame
and the latter be caused to assume the form of a rhomboid by working it on its
pivots until its side bars grip the sides of the glass, the latter will be placed true or
square in the proper position to be cut into two equal parts. The hinged flap when
brought down holds the glass in this position, and its straight edge against which
the diamond cutter is drawn is situated at such a distance (equal to half the width
of the cutter) from the centre line of the pivots that the cutting line will coincide
accurately with the centro line, and the glass will therefore be accurately bisected.
The flap is provided with means for adjusting its position according to the width of
the cutter employed.
For cutting to size, a series of stops of different lengths are pivoted upon the
bed at different distances from the straight edge for the glass to rest against,
forming gauges corresponding to the sizes generally employed. The gauges not in
use are turned back out of the way. Along the lower edge of the bed there is n
raised ledge to hold the glass true or square marked with a scale for use in con-
nection with a sliding stop movable along the scale for adjustment to any odd size
that may be required.
IMPROVEMENTS HORSE COLLARS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th July 1881. A communication
from abroad by Désiré Duplant, of Bailleau le Pin, in the Republic of France.
IN
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS
HORSE COLLARS." A communication from abroad by Désiré Duplant, of Bailleau
le Pin, in the Republic of France.
The Invention consists in making the side frame adjustable to fit any side of
horse, for which purpose the hames are provided with a hinged upper frame
capable of lateral extension or contraction, and also with an under frame with eye
holes and thumb screw arrangement, whereby the under frame may be lengthened
or shortened and fixed in the position desired, also in fixing the drawer hook in a
groove or slot with rectangular projections so that it can be adjusted higher up or
lower down, and so be held in desired position, the object being to make the collar
readily adjustable to the neck and shoulders of any animal, and the draw hooks
to suit the vehicle and load to be drawn. The various parts are of metal and
leather; the padding or lining may be made as at present.
LMPROVEMENTS IN DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Arthur Harborow at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th September 1881.
HENRY ARTHUR HARBOROW, Telegraph Engineer, of 4, Circus Street, Marylebone,
London. "LMPROVEMENTS IN DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES."
In machines of the usual construction only one armature is employed which
revolves directly between the field magnets, which may be either excited by the
current derived from the armature, or they may be separately excited. My
improvements consist in causing an armature, the wire upon which is wound
longitudinally in two or more separate coils, to revolve within and in the opposite
direction to a soft iron ring or second armature external to, but enclosing it. The
ring or second armature being wound with segments of wire, suitable mechanism is
provided so that the two armatures shall revolve in opposite directions when
desired, or they can be disconnected the one from the other and made to revolve
independently, the current from each armature being led to one or more separate
comutators and collected by brushes in the usual manner.
External to and enclosing both the armatures are placed the field magnets, which
are so arranged as to be excited by either of the armatures or both of them, or they
can be excited independently.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO STEAM-BOILERS FOR MARINE AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Thomson and James Watson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th June 1881.
ROBERT THOMSON, Master Mariner, and JAMES WATSON, Engineer, both of
Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING
TO STEAM-BOILERS FOR MARINE AND OTHER PURPOSES."
This Invention is designed with a view to the economy of fuel and of space on
board ship, to the saving of first cost and repairs by the simplicity of construction,
and to the decrease in liability to break down by using dry steam instead of wet.
It consists chiefly, 1st, in placing a boiler, preferably cylindrical, above another
of the ordinary kind, each boiler having separate water spaces, so that the water of
the one is independent of the water of the other, while their steam spaces are in
communication.
2nd. In fitting the upper boiler with tubes, preferably horizontal or inclined,
through which the products of combustion emerging from the lower boiler pass,
and by this means give additional steam raising power, and dry or even superheat
the steam.
In carrying out our Invention we usually place the upper boiler immediately
over the lower, and connected to it by the steam tubes. These join the steam
spaces of the two boilers, and preferably rise through the upper boiler to near the
top. This boiler need only be about half the diameter of the lower one, a simple
cylinder with a tube plate at each end, and a series of tubes with space sufficient
for the connecting steam pipes to rise up through the centre. The upper boiler
can be carried and supported by the lower one or by a special frame constructed
for the purpose, but in the former case it is well secured by vertical flexible plato
stays capable of allowing a small amount of difference in expansion when first
lighting, and of supporting the weight instead of allowing it to come upon the
steam tube connections.
The safety valves can be upon the upper boiler, and the stop valves on either.
The smokebox is a continuation upward of the ordinary kind, and doors can be
arranged at either or both ends opposite both ranges of tubes for cleaning or the
like. In cases of boilers fired at both ends the doors must be above the ordinary
doors.

page_text: The principal advantages which we hope to secure by our Invention are as
follows:-
1st. That with very little additional first cost and complication a boiler can be
made much more productive of steam with the same amount of fuel.
2nd. The vacant space above the boilers now usually lost is advantageously
used.
3rd. The extra boiler power will enable us to reduce the number of boilers
requisite for a given power, and thus we can have larger side bunkers.
4th. The steam can be dried and even superheated without requiring a separate
superheater, yet without the danger otherwise incurred in superheating in the
boiler itself.
5th. The ordinary steam boilers now in use can be altered at comparatively
small expense into our patent arrangement.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SECONDARY BATTERIES OR ELECTRICAL ACCUMULATORS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur William Lovell Reddie at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th October 1881. A com-
munication from abroad by Ernest Volckmar, of Paris, in the Republic of
France, Electrician.
ARTHUR WILLIAM LOVELL REDDIE, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF SECONDARY BATTERIES OR ELECTRICAL ACCUMULATORS."
[A communication from abroad by Ernest Volckmar, of Paris, in the Republic of
France, Electrician.]
The object of this Invention is to render unnecessary the use in secondary
batteries of a porous pot which creates useless resistance to the electric current, and
to store in an apparatus of comparatively small weight and bulk considerable
electric force.
To this end two reticulated or perforated plates of lead of similar proportions
are prepared, and their interstices are filled with granules or filaments of lead, by
preference chemically pure. These plates are then submitted to pressure, and placed
together, with strips of non-conducting material interposed between them, in a
suitable vessel containing a bath of acidulated water. The plates being connected
with wires from an electric generator are brought for a while under the action of
the current, to peroxidise and reduce the whole of the finely divided lead exposed
to the acidulated water. The secondary battery is then complete.
It will be understood that any number of these pairs of plates may be combined
to form a secondary battery, their number being determined by the amount of
storage required.
The perforated plates of lead may be prepared by drilling, casting, or in other
convenient manner, but the apertures, of whatever form, should be placed as closely
together as possible, and the finely divided lead to be peroxidised is pressed into
the cells or cavities so as to fill their interiors only.
IMPROVEMENTS CONNECTED WITH CRANES, LEADS, HOISTS, CAPSTANS, AND OTHER SIMILAR MACHINES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Reginald Parkes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th March 1881.
CHARLES REGINALD PARKES, of East Ferry Road, Engineering Works, Millwall.
"IMPROVEMENTS CONNECTED WITH CRANES, LEADS, HOISTS, CAPSTANS, AND OTHER
SIMILAR MACHINES."
This Invention consists in using-the end of a chain on any crane, lead, hoist,
capstan or other machine, which is usually fixed, and is called the standing end or
fixed end of the chain for obtaining an additional power for use by the said
machine.
The application of this Invention may be as follows:-The two ends of the
chain worked by the motive power cylinder, drum, or other mechanical contrivance,
may work on two separate drums or pulleys, and the working chain for moving the
load may work on one of these drums or pulleys or on a separate drum or pulley.
The drums or pulleys are of different diameters, and the multiple powers are
obtained by the proportion of the sizes between the working drum and the driving
drums. The power given to the working chain may be either greater or less than
the power exerted by the driving chain.
Either drum or pulley which is actuated by one of the ends of the driving chain
is geared or connected by means of clutches, slides, clips, or other suitable
mechanism, to the drum which drives the working chain, as may be desired, the
drum which is not at work being kept stationary by suitable mechanism forming
the standing part of the chain.
It is evident that the power, speed, or lift of a machine may easily be varied by
this contrivance.
Another plan is the working part of a chain on any machine is left un altered,
but the end which is usually fixed drives a drum or actuates pulleys which give a
different power to a second working chain independent of the ordinary chain.
Either end of the driving chain must be held fast when it is desired to use the
other part.
Another application is, the so called standing part of the chain may be used to
open or close a bucket or grab, or work any mechanism in connection with the
ordinary end of the chain or as a turning chain.
Briefly, this Invention consists in using the end of a chain of a crane which is
usually fixed, and which is called the standing part of the chain, to obtain two or
more powers either with one or two working chains, or to work any bucket or
machinery in connection with the ordinary chain.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MATCH BOXES AND IN WRAPPING OR PUTTING UP MATCHES FOR USE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Woodward at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th July 1881.
HENRY WOODWARD, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MATCH BOXES AND IN WRAPPING OR PUTTING UP MATCHES
FOR USE."
This Invention consists in constructing an improved box or receptacle for
matches in which the act of withdrawing a match causes its ignition.
I take folds of glasspaper or other suitably roughened material, and lay the
matches singly between the folds, the roughened surface of the covering being
inside, and I then stitch or otherwise secure each match separately so that the
lighting composition is at one end of the covering, and the stem of the match
protruding through the other end, thus each match is contained within a separate
cell or chamber. I then fold the strip so produced and containing any number of
matches in row into a packet and enclose it in any kind of sheath or box, or roll
the strip into a bundle for ordinary household use. When required for use it is
merely requisite to take hold of the stem of a match and draw it quickly through
its cell by which act it is ignited and without the danger of igniting the remaining
matches in the packet, ignition only taking place as the composition end of the
match emerges from the cell.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATCHES AND LIKE TIMEKEEPERS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Weill at the Office of the
Cominissioners of Patents on the 29th October 1881.
"
LOUIS WEILL, of the Firm of Weill and Harburg, of Holborn Circus, in the
City of London, Watch Manufacturers and Importers. IMPROVEMENTS IN
WATCHES AND LIKE TIMEKEEPERS."
My Invention, which relates to watches and like timekeepers, and more
particularly to keyless watches, has for its object to manufacture such articles less
expensively than heretofore by dispensing with certain of the working parts now
employed. In carrying out my Invention I provide certain of the wheels with a
greater number of teeth, and their corresponding pinions with a less number of
leaves than at present used.
Now according to my Invention I dispense with the centre and third wheels,
and consequently with their pinions, and in their stead I employ an extra large
barrel and place the same in gear with the pinion of the fourth wheel, I also
arrange the barrel (for the purposes of my Invention) nearly in the centre of the
movement, and provide the same with two hundred teeth, which take into the
fourth wheel pinion above referred to, and which contains six leaves. The fourth
wheel is provided with one hundred teeth and gears into the escapement pinion,
which is also provided with six leaves. The escape wheel is provided with twenty
teeth and gears into the cylinder, to which the balance wheel and its hair spring
are secured. The winding up is effected by means of a train of wheels, one of
which is mounted on the square of the barrel arbor and the other on a pivotted
screw in gear with a toothed wheel on the stern. A spring click stops these wheels
and prevents the barrel arbor from running back.
MENTS IN AND RELATING TO PULLEYS, WHEELS, CRANKS, OR APPARATUS, WHICH ARE KEYED OR FASTENED TO SHAFTS."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Price at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th November 1881.
WILLIAM HENRY PRICE, of Wrexham, in the County of Denbigh.
MENTS IN AND RELATING TO PULLEYS, WHEELS, CRANKS, OR
APPARATUS, WHICH ARE KEYED OR FASTENED TO SHAFTS."
" IMPROVE-
SUCH
LIKE
In keying or fastening pulleys, wheels, cranks, or such like apparatus to shafts,
I find that where only one key is used the boss of the pulley bears only on the
shaft directly opposite the key bed, and that to obviate this large pulleys or wheels
are usually keyed on with three or more keys, which involves a great deal of labour
and time to prepare and fit accurately. Or else the pulley must be bored out of
such a size as to fit very tightly on the shaft and be driven thereon.
Now my Invention is to provide a simple and expeditious manner of fastening
or keying such articles to shafts that will at the same time give a firmer grip than
one key and not require the amount of fitting required where three or more keys
are used.
Instead of forming the inside or surface of the wheel or pulley where it comes
in contact so that it will touch the shaft all round, I form grooves or hollows in it
so that the bearing surface will only rest on the shaft, say, in two places (more or
less may be arranged if required), and cut a key bed between these two bearing
surfaces, into which when the key is driven the pulley will be secured to the shaft
in a similar manner as if three keys had been employed. Of course I may use more
than one key when I find it necessary; and also I sometimes cut flats on the shaft and
plane the bearing surfaces of the pulley. One bearing surface of nearly semicircular
section opposite which the key can be driven may be used. For large pulleys or
wheels I prefer the former method, though for smaller ones the latter is preferable,
especially where they are held in their position on the shaft by a countersunk
set screw and not a key, and in the case where a set screw is used I find that
I get more holding power by placing the set screw obliquely to the plane of
the axis of the shaft instead of in a direct line, as is at present adopted, as the
edge of the end of the screw will embed itself more securely into the shaft than the
fat point, or even if it be pointed, as is at present the case, and would greatly
obviate the necessity of countersinking the shaft to secure the point of the screw.
IMPROVED MEANS OF ADJUSTING AND SECURING DOOR KNOBS ON THEIR SPINDLES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Willmer Pocock at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th May 1881.
ALFRED WILLMER POCOCK, of 15, Spencer Road, Wandsworth, in the County of
Surrey, Engineer. "IMPROVED MEANS OF ADJUSTING AND SECURING DOOR
KNOBS ON THEIR SPINDLES."
This Invention relates to improved means of adjusting and securing knobs on
their spindles, and consists in splitting or cutting some portion or portions of the
socket into which the spindle takes, so that when the sides thus formed are drawn
together by a screw or by screws they will clasp or grip firmly the spindle.
A NEW OR IMPROVED SAFETY APPARATUS FOR FIRE ARMS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Beck at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th December 1881. A communi-
cation from abroad by Yves Charles Mario Tassel of Paris in the Republic of
France.
WILLIAM HENRY BECK of 139 Cannon Street in the City of London Consulting
Engineer and Patent Agent. "A NEW OR IMPROVED SAFETY APPARATUS FOR
FIRE ARMS." [A communication from abroad by Yves Charles Marie Tassel of
Paris in the Republic of France.]
The Invention is applicable to sporting guns with one, two or more barrels, to
military guns to pistols and revolvers, and generally to all kinds of portable fire
arms the discharge of which is effected by means of a trigger.
'The Invention consists in applying to the trigger guard two side plates or flaps
binged to the front part thereof and closing laterally against the sides of the said
trigger guard so as to enclose and protect the triggers placed therein.
These plates or flaps may be made of steel, brass or other suitable metal and may
be held in their closed position by means of a spring button or catch. Suitable
springs fixed to the trigger guard or otherwise tend to force the plates or flaps
outwards when they are released from the abovementioned button or catch so as to
enable the finger to be inserted in the trigger guard for the purpose of drawing
one or other of the triggers when it is desired to fire the arm.
If preferred the plates or flaps may be hinged to the stock or otherwise so as to
open vertically instead of horizontally.
The fundamental idea of the Invention is to enclose the triggers so as to protect
them from any external shock or pressure and thus to prevent accidents.
The mechanical arrangements for applying the plates or flaps may be varied
according to circumstances.
AN IMPROVED WRITING INSTRUMENT."
Year: 1881

page_text: "
.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Nadal at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th March 1881.
JEAN NADAL, of Southampton Row, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer.
AN IMPROVED WRITING INSTRUMENT."
This Invention relates to an improved writing instrument or pen of the class or
kind termed reservoir or fountain pens..
The said instrument or pen has a tubular holder, which forms the reservoir for
the ink, and is preferably formed of material which will not be affected by the
corrosive action of the same. The said instrument has a conical end or point,
through which I form a very small hole or oritice for the passage of a small rod,
which is arranged to project slightly beyond the said point. This rod extends
from the point through the holder, and at the other end of the same has a knob,
or is otherwise provided with means for its convenient manipulation to move it to
and fro, and thereby clear its point of any obstruction. The lower part of the rod
is provided with a Hange, which rests upon a recess inside, and in the lower part
of the reservoir when the pen is not in use.
The upper end of the tubular holder is closed by a screw stopper, and an inner
central tube passes through this stopper and extends to within a short distance of
the point of the pen to conduct air to the lower part of the reservoir. It also
projects outwardly beyond the said stopper, and is provided with an india-rubber
extension or sleeve, which is secured to the said tube and to the small rod. This
india rubber tube serves as a spring to force the rod forward. Instead of an india
rubber tube I may use an elastic metal disc or diaphragm, or any similar device
which will serve the required purpose. A hole is formed through the said stopper
to admit air to the said inner tube.
This arrangement forms the most novel and important feature of my Invention,
as it affords the means for manufacturing the said rod as described, while preventing
the escape of the ink without the use of a stuffing box, and access of the ink to the
upper part of the said rod. Moreover it enables me to accomplish these results
without the use of a valve or similar device for closing the aperture through which
the rod extends.

page_text: A cap is screwed upon the said stopper to protect the said india rubber tube,
and when screwed down upon the said stopper this cap closes the air hole therein.
When this air hole is closed the ink will not flow from the point of the pen, but if
the said cap is slightly unscrewed it will uncover the air-hole and the ink will
then flow freely in proportion to the rapidity with which the pen is used in 5
writing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MULES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Haughton, Joseph Roberts,
and John Buckley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
30th April 1881.
JAMES HAUGHTON, of the City of Manchester, and JOSEPH ROBERTS and JOHN
BUCKLEY, of the Firm of Roberts, Buckley, & Company, of Staleybridge, in the
County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MULES."
This Invention has for its object a novel arrangement of mechanism for regulating
the winding of the threads in a mule. by diminishing the speed of the spindles in
proportion as the diameter of the cops increases, and so as to build up the cops in a
more perfect manner than has hitherto been practicable.
Instead of employing a quadrant and connecting the chain which is coiled round
the usual drum to such quadrant as heretofore, we dispense with such quadrant,
and also with the mechanism which imparts the requisite oscillating motion to the
same, and we connect the drum chain to a fixed stud upon the head-stock, and in
place of the quadrant we employ a long arm mounted upon a stud affixed to the
side framework of the mule, and the outer extremity of this arm, which reaches to
the bead stock, is there connected by a suitable slot to a nut which is capable of
travelling along a screw similar to that used in the ordinary quadrant, and provided
with a hand adjustment at the top, and with bevil gearing at the bottom, so as to
impart the requisite motion to such screw for lowering the nut as the cops increase
in diameter upon their spindles.
And in order to take up the chain so as to regulate the winding of the threads
in proper proportion, we arrange a bracket to slide in V or other suitable grooves
or slides on the carriage, which bracket is provided with a pair of friction bowls at
its upper extremity, one of such bowls projecting over and the other under the
parallel edges of the long arm before mentioned, and so as to cause such bracket
to move up and down as the carriage traverses to and fro. This bracket also
carries at its lower extremity a pair of bowls, between which the drum chain is
passed, and thus as the carriage runs out, the said bracket is caused to descend, and
by means of its bowl to force down, and thereby practically shorten the said chain
as the carriage approaches the head stock, the degree of such shortening constantly
increasing as the nut descends, the screw carrying the aforesaid arm lower and
lower at cach successive traverse of the carriage until the cops are completed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRESSING AND FINISHING LEATHER
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Newall and James Barker at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th June 1881.
PETER NEWALL and JAMES BARKER, both of Warrington, in the County of
Lancaster, Millwrights and Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR DRESSING AND FINISHING LEATHER."
This Invention relates to that description of machine in which there is a rising
and falling table, on which the pieces of leather are placed, and a revolving drum
fitted with knives or dressers for dressing and finishing the leather.
In performing our Invention we fit at intervals round the drum any desired
number of longitudinal knives or dressers, by preference parallel to the axis of the
drum; cach knife extends the full length of the drum, and on each longitudinal
knife we cast or fit an additional knife placed at an angle, slanting from near the
middle of one knife and extending to near the outer end of the next knife; these
additional knives incline alternately to the right and to the left, so that they exert
a spreading or stretching action upon the hide or skin under operation. We place
brushes between the knives as usual, the knives are turned and finished in the
ordinary way.
By the use of our Invention hides may be scoured, scudded, or pinned, without
the application of water or liquor, and a superior finish is obtained.
AN INSTRUMENT FOR CALCULATING FOREIGN EXCHANGES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest Leopold Walford at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st July 1881.
ERNEST LEOPOLD WALFORD, of the Stock Exchange, London, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman. "AN INSTRUMENT FOR CALCULATING FOREIGN
EXCHANGES."
The application of the slide rule to the calculation of foreign exchange and
equivalents of foreign monies or prices of stocks, shares, or goods quoted abroad in
foreign currencies. By the arrangement of different slides of a rule with figures
on them, so that the figure or combination of figures are always in the same
proportion as the proportion between the currencies of different countries, or the
proportion in which the above mentioned good, or stocks, or shares, or monies are
quoted in the different countries.
MENTS IN BOILING, WASHING, AND FINISHING WOVEN FABRICS IN THE ROPE FORM."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hutchinson at the Office of
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th February 1881.
"IMPROVE-
WILLIAM HUTCHINSON, of Weaste, in the County of Lancaster.
MENTS IN BOILING, WASHING, AND FINISHING WOVEN FABRICS IN THE ROPE
FORM."
In boiling woven fabrics I dispense with the boiling kier commonly used, or I
use a kier and cause it to rotate by a worm and wheel or otherwise; when I
dispense with the kier, I place a steam pipe in the cistern or washing machine,
through which the fabric is usually passed after it has been boiled in the kier; I
fill this cistern with water or liquor and heat it by admitting steam into the pipe, I
cause the fabric to pass into and out of the cistern over the and under the ordinary
bowls or rollers; but above the upper roller and pressing on it I place any desired
number of separate squeezing rollers with weighted levers to give the requisite
pressure, between which squeezing rollers and the upper rollers the fabric passes.
On finally leaving the cistern the fabric passes through a plaiting down apparatus
and on to an improved washer. I make use of two driven rollers, one at each end.
of a frame-work, and in these rollers are groves about an inch (or other distance)
apart, and in these groves run endless bands or wires which form a creeper, on to
which the fabric is plaited; above this creeper is a perforated tank or shower bath
supplied with fresh water, which descends upon the fabric and thoroughly cleanses
it; the bands or wires on which the fabric rests are supported by a number of small
carrying rollers, and to each band or wire where it passes below the rollers is
suspended to a tension weight; when the fabric leaves this washer it is taken to the
souring vat; I cause the souring vat to rotate by a worm and wheel or otherwise,
and I feed the fabric into the vat by a mechanical plaiter; the fabric is taken from
the vat by rollers or winces and delivered on to a washer similar to that above
described, after leaving which it is taken to the chemiking vat, which I cause to.
rotate by a worm and wheel or otherwise; I make use of a second rotating
chemiking vat and take the cloth from the first vat, beginning with the end that
entered last, and feed it into the second vat, so that when the second vat is emptied
each end (and all) of the fabric has been in the liquor the same length of time.