Improvements in Filter Presses and Similar Filtering Apparatus.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Jan., 1898
101L
Ann 1500
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Filter Presses and Similar Filtering Apparatus.
We, DAVID BLACK, of 12, Huntly Terrace, Shettleston, in the County of
Lanark, Engineer, and JAMES MCLUCKIE WRIGHT, of 13A, Shamrock Street
West, in the City of Glasgow, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention which relates to filter presses and similar filtering apparatus
for filtering liquids, juices, and the like, has for its object the simplifying of
the construction of the various parts of the filter, and the provision of means
for cleaning the filter cloth or cloths or other filtering media when such becomes
clogged.
In carrying out the invention we arrange the filter cloths in pairs one on
each side of a corrugated metal cylinder, that is to say, one on the outer surface
and one on the inner surface of the cylinder and we secure this cylinder at both
ends by means of bracket pieces or an angle iron ring to metal rings, these
latter rings to which the cloths are attached being at right angles to the ends
of the cylinder, the whole forming a filtering cylinder with an annular space
between its outer and inner surface. Either end of each cloth is secured either
to the corrugated cylinder or to the face of the projecting ring as described,
the whole being afterwards placed concentrically within a cylindrical casing
and secured to the bottom of the casing by bolts passing into the lower rings
or by other means. The liquid to be filtered is admitted by any ordinary means
to the casing and surrounds the filtering cylinder so as to act on the outer sur-
face of each cloth and filter through to the annular space before mentioned
Any number of these filter-
whence it is led off by a pipe provided with a cock.
ing cylinders may be placed each outside of its neighbour nearer the centre
and secured to the bottom of the filter casing as before described. On the upper
end of the filter casing a vertical shaft is carried downwards through the centre
of the cover and on the inner end of this shaft within the casing a number of
radial arms are secured from which depend between the filtering cylinders at
right angles to the radial arms a number of vertical arms carrying brushes corre-
sponding to the number of filtering cylinders, these arms and with them the
brushes being revolved constantly or intermittently round the filter cloths to
clean the cloths by the rotation of the central shaft which may be provided either
with toothed gearing or belt pulleys so that it can be rotated from any source
of power.
When it is desired to clean out the entire filter, clean water or steam may be
admitted into each filtering cylinder by the pipe which normally forms the out-
let, the water or steam passing through the cloths in the reverse direction to the
flow of the liquid during filtration. When a corrugated cylinder is used between
each pair of cloths it may be corrugated lengthwise of the cylinder or circum-
ferentially or both, but two perforated cylinders of such relative diameters as
to leave an annular space between them may be employed against which the
filter cloths bear, and these perforated cylinders may or may not be formed with

page_text: flanges at top and bottom or have these flanges attached to them by which they
are secured to the top and bottom rings. Or as an alternative, instead of the
corrugated or perforated cylinders vertical laths of metal may be strung upon
horizontal rings, these laths being spaced by distance washers or rings strung
between them on the horizontal rings, the whole being secured to the top and
bottom rings as before described, or the laths instead of being strung upon the
horizontal rings may be fitted into notches in these rings, or a series of hori-
zontal rings may be strung upon vertical tie rods connecting the top and bottom
ring of each cylinder.
Dated this 30th day of December 1897
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Filter Presses and Similar Filtering Apparatus.
We, DAVID BLACK, of 12, Huntly Terrace, Shettleston, in the County of
Lanark, Engineer, and JAMES MCLUCKIE WRIGHT, of 18A, Shamrock Street
West, in the City of Glasgow, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention which relates to filter presses and similar filtering apparatus
for filtering liquids, juices, and the like, has for its object the simplifying of
the construction of the various parts of the filter, and the provision of means
for cleaning the filter cloth or cloths or other filtering media when such becomes
clogged.
The invention is illustrated by the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 being
a vertical section and Figure 2 a plan, with the cover removed, of the improved
filtering apparatus. Figures 3 to 9 are detail views of parts of the apparatus some
of which are drawn to a larger scale for clearness.
In carrying out the invention we arrange within a metal casing A¹ formed
with a steam jacket as at A+, a series of filtering cylinders each of which con-
sists preferably as shown at Figures 1, 2 and 9, of a skeleton cylinder B covered
on its inner and outer surfaces with cloths A which are thus arranged in pairs.
The cylinders are composed of rings C strung horizontally upon vertical tie
rods with distance washers D₁ between the rings C, the tie rods D being
secured at either end to channel rings E which together with the filter cloths A
encloses an annular space F forming the chamber to which the filtered liquid
passes. The lower channel ring E in each cylinder 3 is secured either to the
bottom A2 of the casing A¹ or to an open frame work support G when the
bottom of the casing is intended to be opened periodically to remove deposit there-
from. The filter cloths A are secured upon the skeleton cylinder B, in the manner
shown at Figure 9, by clamping rings I which by means of bolts and nuts.
clamp the cloth A between the channel irons and the rings I.
As an alternative we may arrange the filter cloths A one on each side of a
corrugated metal cylinder 31, corrugated vertically or circumferentially or both,
the cloths being arranged one on the outer surface and one on the inner sur-
face of the cylinder. This evlinder is secured at both ends by means of bracket
pieces or angle iron rings H as shown at. Figures 3 and 4. to metal rings I to
which the cloths are attached, the latter rings being at right angles to the ends

page_text: of the cylinder B¹, and the whole forming a filtering cylinder, with an, annular
space between its outer and inner cloths as before described. Either end of
each cloth is secured either to the corrugated cylinder or between the face of
the ring I and the angle iron ring H.
As a further alternative instead of a single corrugated cylinder two perforated
cylinders B2, such as shown at Figure 5, of such relative diameters as to leave
an annular space between them may be employed against which the filter
cloths A bear, and these perforated cylinders B2 may be formed with flanges B³
at top and bottom or have these flanges attached to them by which they are
secured to the top and bottom clamping rings I. Instead of the corrugated or
perforated cylinders, vertical laths J of metal may be strung upon horizontal
rings K, the whole being secured to the top and bottom rings by eye bolts, as
shown at Figure 6, or otherwise, or the laths J instead of being strung upon
the horizontal rings K may be fitted into notches in these rings.
The filtering cylinders constructed in the manner described under either of
the modifications are arranged concentrically within the cylindrical casing A¹
and secured to the bottom of the casing or the support before mentioned by
bolts passing through the lower rings or by other means.
The liquid to be filtered is admitted by any ordinary means to the casing A¹
at X and surrounds the filtering cylinders so as to press on the outer surface
of each cloth, and filter through to the annular space between these cloths
whence the clarified liquid is led off from each cylinder by a pipe M carried
through the side of the casing and provided with a cock N. On the upper end
of the filter casing A a vertical shaft is carried downwards through the centre
of the cover A3 and on the inner end of this shaft O within the casing a number
of radial arms P are secured from which depend between the filtering cylinders
at right angles to the radial arms a number of rods or arms Q carrying brushes R,
or scrapers, or both, corresponding to the number of filtering cloths, these arms P
and with them the brushes R being revolved constantly or intermittently round
the filter cloths A to clean the cloths by the rotation of the central shaft which
may be provided outside of the casing either with toothed gearing 'or_belt
pulleys so that it can be rotated from any source of power.
The rods Q are
centred in the radial armis P at the top and in rings S at the bottom and are
pressed against the filter cloths by springs; or a portion of their length equal
to the length of the brushes may as shown be formed eccentric to
centres so that by turning the upper ends of these rods which are square at this
part the brushes may be brought to bear with a greater or less pressure against
the cloths. The cover of the casing is provided with a long narrow opening
covered by a plate which is normally closed and from which the brushes can be
adjusted when the said cover plate is drawn back, the radial arms 'P being in
turn brought under the opening for this purpose. The construction of the
brushes and adjusting device is shown particularly at Figures 7 and 8, the
brushes R being connected to the rods Q by straps R and being guided in slots P¹
and in the radial arms P and rings S respectively. The brushes and rods are
preferably set at an angle to the vertical, in order the better to brush the
deposited matter to the bottom of the casing.
these
When it is desired to clean out the entire filter, clean water or steam may be
admitted into each filtering cylinder by the pipes which normally form the out-
lets, the water or steam passing through the cloths in the reverse direction to
the flow of the Equid during filtration.
The apparatus is equally adapted for filtration when placed so that the axis
of the cylinder is horizontal. Instead of revolving the brushes, the brushes
may be adjustably secured between the stationary support G and the cover A³
of the casing and the filtering cylinders may be secured upon the radial arms P
or upon a disc on the vertical shaft 0, the lower channel rings E being provided
with rollers which run upon rails on the support G.

page_text: A filter constructed as described presents the following advantages, riz.,
The arrangement of the cylinders one within the other provides great filter-
ing area and the absence of any central spindle dispenses with the necessity
for packing whilst admitting of the ready removal of any cylinder without dis-
turbing the others should a filter cloth burst.
The steam jacketing of the casing A¹ together with the disposal of the filter-
ing cylinders within said casing admits of the unfiltered liquid being heated to
facilitate filtration.
The arrangement of the filtering cylinders so as to leave a space between
them, open at one end in order that brushes R or scrapers may be inserted
between the filtering surfaces of two adjacent cylinders to clean the cloth by
constant or intermittent rotation, no toothed gearing being necessary within the
casing A¹ for this purpose.
said
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that
what we claim is:.
1. A filtering cylinder, comprising a cylindrical metal cylinder B composed
of a series of horizontal rings C, strung upon vertical tie rods D, and spaced
apart by washers D', the whole being bound together at the ends by channel
rings E against which nuts on the ends of the tie rods bear, and filter cloths A
on the outer and inner peripheries of the metal skeleton B secured at both ends
to the channel rings E by clamping rings I thus forming a chamber into which
the filtered liquid passes, substantially as described.
2. A filtering cylinder, comprising a cylindrical metal skeleton B composed
of one or more corrugated sheets of metal, and provided with flanged ends pr
having angle iron rings H attached to it in order to secure the skeleton B to
the clamping ring I, and filter cloths A on the outer and inner peripheries of
the cylinder B, secured between the angle iron ring H and the clamping ring I
thus forming a chamber into which the filtered liquid passes, substantially as
described.
3. A filtering cylinder, comprising a cylindrical metal skeleton composed of
two perforated cylinders B2 placed one within the other and of such relativo
diameter as to leave a space between them for the filtered liquid to pass into.
and filter cloths A on the outer and inner peripheries of the cylinders B2 secured
between flanges 13 at the ends of the cylinders B2 and claniping rings I, thus
forming a chamber into which the filtered liquid passes, substantially as described.
4. A filtering cylinder, comprising a cylindrical metal skeleton B composed
of a series of vertically placed laths J strung upon or fitted into notches in
horizontal rings K and spaced thereon by washers or rings L or by these notches,
the whole being secured to channel rings E by eye bolts or otherwise, and
filter cloths A on the inner and outer peripheries of the skeleton B secured be-
tween the channel rings and clamping rings I. thus forming a chamber into
which the filtered liquid passes, substantially as described.
5. The arrangement substantially as described within a filter casing A of
filtering cylinders having filtering cloths A upon their inner and outer peripheries
so as to form a common chamber F by means of the cloths A- and end rings
into which chamber F the filtered liquid passes and is led off by pipes taken
from each cylinder separately, the cylinder being secured to the bottom of the
casing A¹ or to a support G and having a space between the cylinders open at
one end
6 The combination with filtering cylinders as described in. Claims 1 to 4
inclusive and arranged as in Claim 5 of revolving brushes R bearing upon the
filter cloths A substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
7. In filtering apparatus the combination with a shaft O adapted to be rotated
from the outside of the casing A¹ of radial arms P keyed on said shaft and
carrying at right angles to the arms P a series of brushes R which bear upon

page_text: the filter cloths A in order to dispense with the use of spur or other gearing
within the filtering casing, substantially as described.
8. Filtering apparatus constructed and arranged to operate substantially as
hereinbefore described under several modifications with reference to the draw-
ings annexed.
PACE uay
OCTODCI POU
WALLACE FAIRWEATHER,
Of the Firm of Cruikshank & Fairweather,
Chartered Patent Agents, 62, Saint Vincent Street, Glasgow,
Agent for the Applicants.