IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS OR STEAM AND HEAT GENERATORS AND IN THE APPLICATION OR HEAT PROVISIONAL SPFICATION
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Trayes, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim,
Ireland, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
OR STEAM AND HEAT GENERATORS AND IN THE APPLICATION OR HEAT
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Trayes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
May 1860.
I, JOHN TRAYES, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, Ireland, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEAM BOILERS OR STEAM AND HEAT GENERATORS, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF
HEAT," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the arrangement and construction of steam boilers,
or heat and steam generators, in such a manner as to obtain a very large
amount of heating surface within a very small space, whilst the heat is
applied in a peculiarly effective way. Under one modification the external
shell of the boiler or heat generator is of rectangular form, with a narrow
water space all round it, as well as two end sheet water spaces. Outside one
of these end sheet water spaces there is formed a heat chamber, and outside

page_text: the other a smoke box, both fitted with doors. These diaphragıns or end sheet
spaces carry the ends of a set of duplex tubes arranged horizontally or other-
wise. Each of these duplex tubes consists of a narrow tube, with its ends
passed and fitted through the end diaphragms or sheet water spaces, and a
tube of larger diameter encircling it, so as to leave a water space between the
two, but with its ends joined up to and not passed through the end sheet
spaces. The furnace is directly beneath the tubes, and the heat and flame
rise up and play upon the outsides. of the larger tubes. A space is left between
the upper row of tubes and the interior of the external shell, so that the water
in the shell is heated on all sides interiorly. The heated current passes off
horizontally through this space, and thus reaches the end fire box, and then
returns through the smaller internal tubes, so that the water contained
between the two is heated on both sides. After traversing these tubes the
heated current enters the smoke box at the opposite end, whence it emerges,
and then encircles the whole of the exterior of the shell of the boiler and
passes to the chimney. Various forms of boiler shell may be used, such as
"saddle back," "haystack," or cylindrical shells; and the tubes may be either
horizontal, vertical, or otherwise.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Trayes in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 29th
November 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
TRAYES, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, Ireland, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of May, in the year of our Lord.
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
John Trayes, Her special license that I, the said John Trayes, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Trayes, my
executors, administrators, or assigns,, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the. term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS

page_text: OR STEAM AND HEAT GENERATORS, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF HEAT," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Trayes, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Trayes, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed; to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:—
My said Invention relates to the arrangement and construction of steam
boilers or heat and steam generators, in such a manner as to obtain a very
large amount of heating surface within a very small space, whilst the heat is
applied in a peculiarly effective way. Under one modification the external
shell of the boiler or heat generator is of rectangular form, with a narrow
water space all round it, as well as two end sheet water spaces. Outside one
of these end sheet water spaces there is formed a heat chamber, and outside
the other a smoke-box, both fitted with doors. These diaphragms end sheet
spaces carry the ends of a set of duplex tubes arranged horizontally or other-
wise. Each of these duplex tubes consists of a narrow tube, with its ends
passed and fitted through the end diaphragms or sheet water spaces, and a
tube of larger diameter encircling it, so as to leave a water space between the
two, but with its ends joined up to and not passed through the end sheet
spaces. The furnace is directly beneath the tubes, and the heat and flame rise
up and play upon the outsides of the larger tubes. A space is left between
the upper row of tubes and the interior of the external shell, so that the water
in the shell is heated on all sides interiorly. The heated current passes off
horizontally through this space, and thus reaches the end fire-box, and then
returns through the smaller internal tubes, so that the water contained between
the two is heated on both sides. After traversing these tubes the heated
current enters the smoke-box at the opposite end, whence it emerges, and then
encircles the whole of the exterior of the shell of the boiler, and passes to the
chimney. Various forms of boiler shell may be used, such as "saddle back,"
haystack, or cylindrical shells; and the tubes may be either horizontal,
vertical, or otherwise.
And in order that. my said. Invention of improvements in boilers for

page_text: generating steam and for heating purposes may be properly understood, I shall
now proceed to describe the several illustrative Figures on the explanatory.
Sheet of Drawings, which I have hereunto appended for the purpose of
showing certain modifications under which my improvements may be judi-
ciously carried out in practice, that is to say:-Figure 1 on the accompanying
Drawings is a partially sectional clevation of one arrangement of my improved
boiler as adapted more particularly for the application of heat; Figure 2 is
an elevation or end view of the arrangement; Figure 3 is a transverse or
horizontal section corresponding to Figure 1; and Figure 4 is a vertical
section corresponding to Figure 2, or taken at right angles to Figure 1.
Under the arrangement delineated in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings,
the brickwork A, in which the boiler is encased, forms at the lower part a
rectangular recess in which the furnace is arranged. The brickwork is
carried up vertically above the furnace bars, and then extends out laterally
on each side, forming a longitudinal semicircular recess, which is enclosed by
the outer casing of brickwork. In this recess the boiler B is arranged. In
the example given in the accompanying Drawing, the main portion of the
boiler is of a semicircular or horse-shoe shaped figure, the lower part of which
rests upon the sole of the arched part of the brickwork. The front part of
the furnace is enclosed by a door C in the ordinary way, and above this an
opening is formed in the brickwork, which gives access to the front end of the
boiler for the purpose of cleaning the tubes. This aperture is closed by the
door D. A corresponding opening is formed in the brickwork at the opposite
end of the boiler, which affords access to the tubes of the boiler and to the
flue or space surrounding it. This opening is closed by the door E. The
boiler is formed of an external and internal shell of boiler plates, which are
curved to the horse-shoe figure, and arranged parallel to each other, so as to
leave a comparatively thin water space between the inner and outer shells.
The ends of the boiler are flat, and form vertical water spaces corresponding to
the arched portion. Extending longitudinally to each of the inner end plates
is a series of tubes F, and arranged within each of these tubes is an internal
tube G, which is attached to the outer end plates or external shell of tho
boiler. With this arrangement it follows that the water within the boiler
flows along the thin water space formed between the tubes F and G, and thus
completely surrounds the inner tubes. Water is supplied to the boiler from
the inlet pipe H, which is connected with any suitable and convenient source
of supply. The heated water flows off by the pipe I, which when the boiler is
arranged for heating purposes is connected to the pipes that are carried

page_text: through the building. The boiler is fitted with a safety valve in the pipe J,
and the flue K, leading to the chimney L, is provided with a damper M, for
checking the draft when required. The flame and heated gaseous products of
combustion arising from the furnace pass up between the tubes F, and on
reaching the crown of the boiler they pass through a rectangular opening fi
formed in front of the boiler above the tube F. This aperture is shown in
the sectional view Figure 1, and its position is indicated by dotted lines in
Figure 4. The heated matters flow down between the end of the boiler and
the door D, and through the inner tubes G; from these tubes they pass up the
backward end of the boiler and completely surround the external shell, and
after imparting the heat thereto they flow into the chimney L.
In this way,
with the exception of the narrow sole plate which rests on the brickwork,
every portion of the boiler is exposed to the heat of the burning fuel.
extensive surface thus presented to the heat, and the division of the water by
means of narrow water spaces, necessarily causes the temperature of the water
to be very quickly raised to the boiling point, and with a very small
expenditure of fuel. Boilers upon this principle are also adapted for raising
steam with great rapidity, in arranging which sufficient space for steam room
is left at the upper part of the boiler, and the steam is carried off by a vertically
branching pipe in the usual way.
The
Under another modification, the external and internal shells of the boiler are
formed of an elliptical figure, with an intervening water space. The furnace
is formed within the inner shell, and the end water spaces are connected by
water tubes and inner fire-tubes corresponding to the arrangement delineated
in the accompanying. Drawings. When set in brickwork or other suitable
material, the heat is caused to circulate around the external shell in manner
similar to that herein-before described. The external figure of the boiler may
be varied in many ways without departing from the essential features of the
Invention.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that what I consider novel and original,
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in
part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the general arrangement and construction of boilers which are parti-
cularly applicable to heating all kinds of buildings, as well as for raising steam
and other generally similar purposes, as herein-before described and shown in
the accompanying Drawings.

page_text: Second, the system or mode of arranging and constructing boilers for
heating and generating steam, in which the water contained therein is divided
into filmns by means of narrow water spaces, the metal surfaces of which are
exposed on both sides to the action of the heat arising from the furnace, as
herein-before described and delineated in the accompanying Drawings, or any
mere modification of the said arrangement.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Trayes, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of November, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty.
JOHN TRAYES. (L.S.)