CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TWISTING COTTON, WOOLLEN, SILK, FLAX, JUTE, OR OTHER THREADS."
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Arrol, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR TWISTING COTTON, WOOLLEN, SILK, FLAX, JUTE, OR OTHER THREADS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Arrol at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th June 1875.
I, WILLIAM ARROL, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, do hereby
3 declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR TWISTING COTTON, WOOLLEN, Silk, Flax, JUTE, OR OTHER
THREADS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object certain improvements in machinery
for twisting cotton, woollen, silk, flax, jute, or other threads.
According to this Invention the spindles are driven by friction instead
of by bands as in machines at present in use.

page_text: The nature of the Invention is illustrated by the accompanying Sheet
of Drawings, Fig. 1 being an elevation, and Fig. 2 a section taken in the
line A, B, of Fig. 1.
a are the spindles; b, the friction pulleys; c, handle; d, discs;
e spring and f brass stane in handles for the ands of oniwall
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Arrol in the Great Scal Patent Office on
the 14th December 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
ARROL, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifteentli day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said William Arrol, Her
special license that I, the said William Arrol, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Arrol,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TWISTING COTTON, WOOLLEN, SILK,
FLAX, JUTE, OR OTHER THREADS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said William Arrol, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
scals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Arrol, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof and the Sheet of Drawings therein
referred to, in all the views of which the same reference numerals are
used to denote like parts of the machinery:
:-
This Invention has for its object certain improvements in machinery
for twisting cotton, woollen, silk, flax, jute, or other threads.
According to this Invention the spindles are driven by friction instead
of by bands, as in machines at present in use.
Fig. 1 is a transverse section of an ordinary twisting frame having my
improvements applied to it; Fig. 2, a front clevation thereof; Fig. 3, an
end clevation.
Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of one of the spindles with its friction
driving arrangement.
'
1, 1, are the standards or frames; 2, is the bank for holding the
bobbins; 3, 3, are the two driving shafts, on which are keyed the discs 4.
Each disc drives a spindle 5 by means of a small pulley 6, which I
prefer to make of some compressible material fixed between the two
metallic discs 7 and 8 (Fig. 4). Such material may be cardboard, india-
rubber, gutta percha, leather, or compressed wood. After being com.
pressed the metallic discs, with the interposed compressible material, are
attached together by rivetting or otherwise; the whole is then turned
truly on its spindle. Instead of making the pullies 6 as just described
the discs 4 may be each composed of a couple of metal plates having a
disc of compressible material between them projecting beyond the
periphery of the metal plate nearest to the pulley 6, and the pullies 6
may in this case be made of iron, or the discs 4 may be made with a
recess on the face, into which compressible material, such as cardboard,
india-rubber, gutta percha, leather, or compressed wood may be pressed.
The spindles are carried on the steps 9, which are again carried by the
handles or levers 10, each jointed at the one end on one of the rails 11
by means of a pin 12, the other end is carried on a rail 13, and is moved
by a thumb pin 14 against a light gun spring 15, so that when the
thumb pin 14 is turned in either direction it acts on the handle or lever
10 and throws the small pulley 6 out from the driving disc 4, and
consequently relieves the friction, thus stopping the spindle,

page_text: The light gun spring gives the amount of pressure required for the
adhesion of the two surfaces, which may also be obtained by using a
cord attached to the end of the handle or lever 10 passing over a small
pulley, with a weight attached to the other end of the cord.
Motion is transmitted to cach of the shafts 3 by means of an endless
band passing over the pulleys 16 and 17; 16 being keyed on one of the
disc shafts, another pulley of the same size is keyed on the other disc
shaft of the frame, 17 being merely for carrying the rope and for taking
up slack. In driving the rope passes first under the pulley 16, is
brought up and over 17, then under the other pulley on the opposite
disc shaft, thus driving both shafts by the same endless band. From
cach of the disc shafts 3 is driven a brass roller 18 by means of the spur
pinions 19 and wheels 20, the pitch circles of which are shewn on Fig. 3.
These wheels are on studs which can be changed to vary the twist on
the thread. From one of the shafts 3 is also driven the cam shaft 21 by
means of a worm 22, an upright spindle 23, a worm 24, and wheel 25.
The heart-shaped cam 26 gives motion to the levers 27 and 28, which
again give motion to the rails 29 and 30 by means of the rods 31 and
pitch chains 32, which are attached to the ends of the levers 27 and 28.
In the rails 29 are fixed the " ring flyers."
It will be clearly understood from the foregoing description that
although "ring flyers" are shewn the ordinary flyer may as easily be
driven by my friction apparatus.
Fig. 5 is a modification shewing the spindle hung in a frame 33,
which is formed in one casting, moving on the pins 12. The lower pin
is let into the bottom rail 11, the top pin screwed into the rail 34, thus
moving both bottom step 9 and neck bush 35 equally and always
parallel to the discs 4.
Fig. 6 shows a modification wherein the spindle has only one bearing
step (9) which is carried up into the tube 36.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and explained
the manner of performing it, I hereby declare that I do not claim as of
my Invention the general arrangement of the whole of the twisting
frame shewn and described, my Invention having reference only to the
arrangements relating to the actuating of the spindles by friction, what
I consider to be novel and original and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,―

page_text: First. The driving the spindles (5) by friction, as herein-before
described, the steps of the said spindles being carried on handles or
levers to enable the friction discs and pulleys to be engaged and
disengaged as required.
Secondly. The combination of parts forming the apparatus constructed,
arranged, and operating as herein-before described and shewn in the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings for driving by friction the spindles in
a twisting machine.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Arrol, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of December, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five: