IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED IN THE PREPARATION OF COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS TO BE SPUN
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Standish, of Bolton, in the County of
Lancaster, Machine Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED IN THE PREPARATION OF COTTON,
WOOL, FLAX, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS TO BE SPUN."
Scaled the 29th July 1858, and dated the 29th January 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Standish at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 29th January 1853.
I, JOHN STANDISH, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Machine
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED IN THE PREPARATION OF
COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS TO BE SPUN," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates particularly to that description of machinery
which is used to prepare the fibrous material to be spun into yarn,
twist, &c., in which process the fibre is drawn out into soft slivers, and
is often much damaged and wasted by what is technically called lapping,

page_text: or by snarls or lumps occurring in the delivery of the sliver from the
carding engine to the can, often causing the breakage of the wheels of
the machinery; to prevent which I propose to fix a concentric revolver
to one of the rollers, which will impart motion to an oscillator under the
entire frame, to which is attached the sliver.
-
This motion stripes down any lumps that may occur, and renders the
sliver even and smooth.
To this oscillator I attach two instruments or levers, one to meet any
emergency between the receiving and delivery rollers, and the other to
prevent the lapping of the roller and the overflow. of the. sliver at the
coilers, or the breakage of the wheels, by instantly stopping the frame.
I desire it to be distinctly understood that this is. merely an outline
description of my Invention, which I will more fully explain in my
complete Specification--
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Standish in the Great Seal Patent Office,
on the 29th July 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
JOHN STANDISH, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of January, in the
year of our Lord-One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the six-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said John Standish, Her especial license
that I, the said John Standish, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said John Standish, my executors, administra-
tors, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all-times thereafter during the term therein ex-
pressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, -the Channel

page_text: Islands, and Isle of Man, my Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS USED IN THE PREPARATION OF COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, OR OTHER
FIBROUS MATERIALS TO BE SPUN," upon the conditions (amongst others)
that I, the said John Standish, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW.YE, that I, the said John Standish, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say):
My Invention relates chiefly to improvements in the arrangement
and construction of the machine or apparatus generally known as the
drawing frame, which is used to draw the fibrous material into soft
slivers previous to its being taken to the slubbing frame. In this pro-
cess the material is often much wasted by breakage of the slivers, caused
by snarls or lumps occurring on them during their progress to the roller,
also by what is technically called lapping between the delivery and
receiving rollers, and by the can overflowing; the last-mentioned evil
causing sometimes serious injury to the machinery, as well as causing
great waste of the material. To remedy these evils I adopt, firstly, a
reciprocating motion to the guides, forks, or pegs by means of a con-
centric revolver fixed on one of the roller shafts, so that as the slivers
pass to the guide plate, and through. or between. the guides, forks, or
pegs, if any snarls or lumps occur in them, the said guides, forks, or
pegs, by having the reciprocating or oscillating motion. aforesaid, stripe
down or humour and relieve the slivers from such snarls or lumps,
instead of breaking them, as is more generally the case. Secondly, I
use a rod or presser to, keep the, slivers on the guide, plate, and to guide
them to spoons of a peculiar shape, and light construction, which are
so adapted to the nature of the sliver that it is easily affected by the
breakage thereof; and enables me to work fine counts as well as coarse

page_text: ones.
To this apparatus I connect a stop motion between the guides,
forks, or pegs, and the back roller, as herein-after described, and
shewn in the Drawings, which prevents singles being made. Thirdly,
in a peculiar shaped spoon of one or more parts to guide the slivers
from the receiving rollers to the can or coiler. This spoon by being
divided into two or more mouths, and being of so light a construction
that if only one part or a single sliver should break it will imme-
diately act upon the front roller, stop motion and stop the machine.
And, fourthly, to an improved stop motion to prevent the slivers over-
flowing the can or coiler, which often cause much injury to the
machinery; all of which improvements will be clearly understood by refe-
rence to the accompanying sheet of Drawings, on which the same letters
of reference are used to represent similar parts where different views or
diagrams are shewn. Fig. 1, is a front elevation of a drawing frame,
shewing my said improvements. Fig. 2, a right-hand side elevation
thereof. Fig. 3, a left-hand side elevation; and Fig. 4, a plan of the same.
a, represents the frame work of the machine; b, the feet; c, the top
table or guide plate over which the slivers pass. In Figs. 2, 3, and 4,
d, represents the mouth of the spoons at the back part of the machine,
which are of a peculiar shape to lessen the friction as the slivers pass
over them; e, the fulcrum of the spoons; f, the opposite ends thereof,
which, being heavier than the mouth end, falls down, when the sliver
breaks and catches the lever g, which is fixed on the shaft h; the end of
this shaft extends to the stud i, over which it is lifted by the excentrick,
acting on the lever l, fixed on the shaft h; by this means the machine is
stopped as the stud i, is fixed on the lever m, to which is attached
a counterbalance weight under the frame work forcing the lever m,
forward against the stud n, in the lever o, fixed to the rod p, on which
the forks or guides q, are fixed to shift the driving strap 7. The spoons
at the front are supported from the frame work of the machine between
the rollers, and act in the same way, as already described, on the levers s,
fixed to shaft t, and connected with the shaft h, by rod u, thereby
stopping the motion of the frame if one or more of the spoon ends fall
down. To the end of the forks, pegs, or guides y, is attached a rod v,

page_text: extending to the lever w, which raises the lever a, connected with the
rod or presser bar y, by means of the side rods z, thereby raising the rod
or presser bar y, when the machine stops, and leaving room for the
adjustment of the sliver. When the machine is again put in motion
this rod y, is of course lowered by drawing back the fork, peg, or
guide . The object or use of this rod y, being to press the slivers
down, and guide them properly to the spoons. On the top of the
cans B, at the front and under the receiving rollers C, is placed a lever
with a hole in it, through which the sliver passes to the cans; to the
opposite end of this lever is attached a balance weight, which is so
adjusted that when the sliver has filled the can, and cannot get down, it
raises the end of the lever, and overturns the weight which holds on the
rod u, and stops the machine in the same manner as already described
by the spoon. The guides, forks, or pegs F, through or between which
the slivers pass to the rollers, are screwed to the shaft G, and have a
reciprocating motion given to them by the eccentric H, which works
the lever I, keyed on the shaft G; this reciprocating circular motion
tends to take off any twist or knots that may be on the slivers before
passing through the rollers, and thus prevent breakage, waste, and loss
of time.
Having thus explained the particulars of my said Invention, and
the manner of carrying the same into practical effect, I desire it to
be distinctly understood, that I do not confine myself to the exact
details herein described, as such may be varied or modified without
departing from the principle thereof, neither do I confine myself to the
application of my said improvements to the drawing frame alone,
although I have only shewn them in this my Specification as applied to
the drawing frame, as it is evident I can apply both my said stop
motions and spoons to both the slubbing and other machines used in
the preparation of fibrous materials to be spun; but I claim, firstly, the
reciprocating motion given to the guides, forks, or pegs, to relieve
the slivers from snarls, lumps, or knots. Secondly, the spoons and
stop motion between the guides, forks, or pegs, and the back roller, to
prevent singles being made. Thirdly, the spoons and stop motion
between the delivery and receiving roller to prevent laps; and, fourthly,

page_text: the stop motion between the can or coiler and receiving roller to prevent
an overflow of the sliver and the consequent danger to the machinery,
as all the said improvements are herein described, and illustrated in the
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Standish, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of July, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-three.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by
the above-named John Standish
in the presence of..
E. J. HUGHES,
Patent Agent,
:
JOHN STANDISH. (L.S.)
Manchester.