IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR ATTACHING SHEETS OF PAPER TOGETHER TO FORM BOOKS, PAMPHLETS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Jensen, of Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR ATTACHING
SHEETS OF PAPER TOGETHER TO FORM BOOKS, PAMPHLETS, AND OTHER SIMILAR
ARTICLES." A communication from abroad by Orianna Slote Smyth, of East
Northwood, in the State of New Hampshire, United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Jensen at the Office
"IMPROVEMENTS
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th December 1876.
PETER JENSEN, of Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex.
IN MEANS FOR ATTACHING SHEETS OF PAPER TOGETHER TO FORM BOOKS, PAMPHLETS,
AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES." (A communication from abroad by Orianna Slote
Smyth, of East Northwood, in the State of New Hampshire, United States of
America).
This Invention relates to means for attaching together folded leaves, so as to hold
them in the form of books or pamphlets. Where but a few sheets are attached together
the same is effected by paste or adhesive material applied by a peculiar piercing
instrument.
When greater security is required for larger books, periodicals, or pamphlets, a
wire staple is inserted and clinched, either alone or in addition to the pasting; and
with volumes that are bound, the sheets are attached by threads inserted by the
machinery employed.
To attach the folded leaves together by threads an eye-pointed needle and shuttle
are employed. The folded sheets are notched with saw cuts at the proper places in
the fold, and they are placed upon holders connected to an endless belt that is moved
periodically. Each holder is hinged to the endless belt, and is provided with a foot
noving in a stationary groove, which keeps the holder in its proper vertical position
while the sewing is being performed, and causes it to move down out from the
folded sheets after the sewing is completed.
Each holder is grooved upon its upper edge to form a guide for the needle, and it
is notched upon said upper part at the places where the folded edge is to be pressed
aside, in order that the needle may not pass through such portions of the fold.
Stationary plates properly located serve to press down the folds at the proper places
as the sheets pass along beneath the plates.

page_text: The eye-pointed needle carrying a thread passes through the folds of the sheets
that are held up by the grooved portions of the holder, and the point of the needle
emerges from the proper saw cut and leaves a loop of thread through which the
shuttle passes.
The shuttle moves at right angles to the needle, and carries a cord that forms one
of the back cords of the book. The needle is now drawn back out of the fold, and
the holder is moved down out from the folded sheets, leaving them suspended by
the shuttle cord, and said sheets are moved aside upon a platform by the holder and
sheets that are next brought to place in line with the eye-pointed needle.
The eye-pointed needle is upon a bar that is reciprocated by suitablo means, such
as a lever moved by a crank upon the motor shaft, and the endless belt may be
moved periodically by a clamping feed actuated by a connection from said motor
shaft.
Strips of parchment, tape, or other material may be placed between the saw cuts
at the folded edge of the sheets, and kept down below the path of the needle by the
stationary plates.
For sewing large books two or more needles and two shuttles may be employed,
the needles being moved simultaneously through the respective parts of the folds.
In some cases it is desirable to use semicircular needles instead of straight ones,
and one or more of these semicircular needles are to be employed according to the
size of the book.
The folded sheets are notched, as aforesaid, and placed upon a holder that is made
with segmental notches containing grooved edges forming guides for the needles,
and upon the top edge of said holder are gauge points shaped like a gouge, and these
points pass through the saw cuts in the folded sheets and determine the position of
the sheets upon the holder. The sheet holder is upon a rod actuated by a lever and
cam, and it is provided with links that guide it to place when presenting the sheets
to be sewed, and move it down away from the sheets after the sewing is completed
and in position to receive other sheets.
The semicircular needles are cach upon a shaft that receives a half revolution,
first in one direction and then in the other by means of racks and pinions, and the
eye-pointed semicircular needles, each carrying a thread, pass in at the proper saw
cut and out at the next, leaving loops of thread, through which the shuttles pass;
each shuttle carries one of the back cords of the books, hence the loops of needle
thread draw off the shuttles around the said cords, causing them to occupy the
saw cuts.
A catch stitch cord is applied at the saw cut where the needle enters, and this is
moved between one stitch and the next, so that the needle passes first one side of
such cord and then on the other side the next stitch, whereby the said catch stitch
cord or thread is interwound with the needle thread, and prevents it being broken
or imbedding in the paper.
The back cords of the book that are supplied by the shuttles are drawn along
gradually, and the sheets are partially suspended by such cords, and the necessary
looseness is maintained in the sewing of the book and between one volume and the
next.
The mechanism that draws the cords along is so operated as to pull off from the
shuttles the cord necessary for attachment to the book covers at the front and back
of each volume.
When the sheets of paper are to be attached together by staples, the back edges
of the sheets of paper are placed upon a die that can be raised to clamp the sheets
between it and a head block, or lowered to allow for the removal of the book.
The staples are supplied to an inclined table that is provided with a fence at one
side, and at the lower part of said table there is an opening, one part of which is
immediately over an inclined bar; there is also a narrow ledge next the fence at
the side of this opening. If a staple passes upon this ledge, with its top next the
fence and its legs at right angles thereto, it will slide off the end of said ledge and
fall upon and be supported by the inclined staple bar; but if a staple passes upon

page_text: the ledge in any other position than that just named it will be overbalanced and
fall through the opening into a receptacle.
In the head block is a channel of the same width as the staple, and in this channel
is a plunger. In the face of the head block is an opening though which passes one
end of a spring, and this spring allows but one staple at a time to slide from the
inclined bar into the channel as the plunger is drawn up. When the plunger
descends it forces down the staple, and presses the same through the sheets of paper
upon the die, and this die is grooved so that the points of the staple are bent back
by the inclines of the groove.
The plunger is actuated by a lever and link, and there is a connection from said
lever to operate the slide upon which the die is secured.
To attach the sheets of paper together by paste or other adhesive material knives
are employed that are made with lance points, and provided with one or more
openings to receive paste or other adhesive material, and these knives perforate the
paper, and at the same time apply the adhesive material to the surface of the paper
through which the knives pass.
The sheets of paper are supported upon a table beneath which is a receptacle
containing the adhesive material, and the cover of this receptacle has a long narrow
slot, through which the knives pass.
The knives are mounted in a head bar that is fitted to be moved up and down
upon guide rods, and springs upon said rods return the bar to its normal position
after the sheets have been perforated and the adhesive material applied.
Spring fingers upon a rock shaft operated by the head bar hold the sheets while
the knives are perforating the paper and until they have been withdrawn, and a
second set of spring fingers lift the sheets from the table as the first set rise and
release said sheets.
The knives after perforating the sheets pass into the paste receptacle, and the
holes are filled with the adhesive material, and as the knives are drawn up out of
the sheets the fibres of the paper spring into the holes in the knives, and the
adhesive material is transferred to the sides of the perforations in the sheets, and if
the sheets are slightly pressed before the adhesive material hardens, the sheets will
be very securely attached to each other.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Peter Jensen in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 20th June
1877.
"IMPROVEMENTS
PETER JENSEN, of Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex.
IN MEANS FOR ATTACHING SHEETS OF PAPER TOGETHER TO FORM BOOKS, PAMPHLETS,
AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES." A communication from abroad by Orianna Slote
Smyth, of East Northwood, in the State of New Hampshire, United States of
America.
This Invention relates to means for attaching together folded leaves so as to hold
them in the form of books or pamphlets. Where but a few sheets are attached
together, they are secured by paste or adhesive material applied by a peculiar
piercing instrument.
When greater security is required for larger books, periodicals, or pamphlets, a
wire staple is inserted and clinched, either alone or in addition to the pasting; and
with volumes that are bound, the sheets are attached by threads inserted by the
machinery employed.
To attach the folded leaves together by threads an eye-pointed needle and shuttle
are employed. The folded sheets are notched with saw cuts at the proper places in
the fold, and they are placed upon holders connected to an endless belt that is

page_text: moved periodically. Each holder is hinged to the endless belt, and is provided with
a foot moving in a stationary groove, which keeps the holder in its proper vertical
position while the sewing is being performed, and causes it to move down out from
the folded sheets after the sewing is completed.
Each holder is grooved upon its upper edge to form a guide for the needle, and it
is notched upon said upper part at the places where the folded edge is to be pressed
asile in order that the needle may not pass through such portions of the fold. Sta-
tionary plates properly located serve to press down the folds at the proper places as
the sheets pass beneath the plates.
The eye-pointed needle carrying a thread passes through the folds of the sheets
that are hold up by the grooved portions of the holder, and the point of the needle
emerges from the proper saw cut and leaves a loop of thread through which the
shuttle passes.
The shuttle moves at right angles to the needle, and carries a cord that forms one
of the back cords of the book. The needle is now drawn back out of the fold, and
the holder is moved down out from the folded sheets, leaving them suspended by the
shuttle cord, and said sheets are moved aside upon a platform by the holder, and
sheets that are next brought to place in line with the eye-pointed needle.
The eye-pointed needle is upon a bar that is reciprocated by suitable means, such
as a lever moved by a crank upon the motor shaft, and the endless belt may be
moved periodically by a clamping feed actuated by a connection from said notor
shaft.
Strips of parchment, tape, or other material may be placed between the saw cuts
at the folded edge of the sheets, and kept down below the path of the needle by the
stationary plates.
For sewing large books two or more needles and two shuttles may be employed,
the needles being moved simultaneously through the respective parts of the folds.
In some cases it is desirable to use semicircular needles instead of straight ones,
and one or more of these semicircular needles are to be employed according to the
size of the book.
The folded sheets are notched as aforesaid, and placed upon a holder that is made
with segmental notches containing grooved edges forming guides for the needles,
and upon the top edge of said holder are gauge points shaped like a gouge, and
these points pass through the saw cuts in the folded sheets and determine the
position of the sheets upon the holder. The sheet holder is upon a rod actuated by
a lever and cam, and it is provided with links that guide it to place when presenting
the sheets to bo sewed, and move it down away from the sheets after the sewing is
completed and in position to receive other sheets.
The semicircular needles are each upon a shaft that receives a half revolution, first
in one direction and then in the other, by means of racks and pinions, and the eye-
pointed semicircular needles, each carrying a thread, pass in at the proper saw cut
and out at the noxt, leaving loops of thread through which the shuttle pass. Each
shuttle carries one of the back cords of the books, hence the loops of needle thread
draw off the shuttles around the said cords, causing them to occupy the saw cuts.
A catch stitch cord is applied at the saw cut where the needle enters, and this is
moved between one stitch and the next, so that the needle passes first one side of
such cord and then on the other side the next stitch, whereby the said catch stitch
cord or thread is interwound with the needle thread, and prevents it being broken
or imbeding in the paper.
The back cords of the books that are supplied by the shuttles are drawn along
gradually, and the sheets are partially suspended by such cords, and the necessary
looseness is maintained in the sewing of the book and between one volume and
the next.
The mechanism that draws the cords along is so operated as to pull off from the
shuttles the cord necessary for attachment to the book covers at the front and back
of each volume.
When the sheets of paper are to be attached together by staples, the back edges

page_text: of the sheets of paper are placed upon a die that can be raised to clamp the sheets
between it and a head block, or lowered to allow for the removal of the book.
The staples are supplied to an inclined table that is provided with a fence at one
side, and at the lower part of said table there is an opening, one part of which is
immediately over an inclined bar; there is also a narrow ledge next the fence at the
side of this opening. If a staple passes upon this ledge with its top next the fence
and its legs at right angles thereto, it will slide off the end of said ledge and fall
upon and be supported by the inclined staple bar; but if a staple passes upon the
ledge in any other position than that just named, it will be overbalanced and fall
through the opening into a receptacle.
In the head block is a channel of the same width as the staple, and in the channel
is a plunger. In the face of the head block an opening through which passes one
end of a spring, and this spring allows but one staple at a time to slide from the
inclined bar into the channel as the plunger is drawn up. When the plunger
descends it forces down the staple, and presses the same through the sheets of paper
upon the die, and the die is grooved so that the points of the staple are bent back
by the inclines of the groove.
The plunger is actuated by a lever and link, and there is a connection from said
lever to operate the slide upon which the die is secured.
To attach the sheets of paper together by paste or other adhesive material, knives
are employed that are made with lance points and provided with one or more.
openings to receive paste or other adhesive material, and these knives perforate the
paper and at the same time apply the adhesive material to the surface of the paper
through which the knives pass.
The sheets of paper are supported upon a table, beneath which is a receptacle con-
taining the adhesive material, and the cover of this receptacle has a long narrow slot
through which the knives pass.
The knives are mounted in a head bar that is fitted to be moved up and down
upon guide rods, and springs upon said rods return the bar to its normal position
after the sheets have been perforated and the adhesive material applied.
Spring fingers upon a rock shaft operated by the head bar hold the sheets while
the knives are perforating the paper and until they have been withdrawn, and a
second set of spring fingers lift the sheets from the table as the first set rise and
release said sheets.
The knives after perforating the sheets pass into the paste receptacle, and the
holes are filled with the adhesive material, and as the knives are drawn up out of
the sheets the fibers of the paper spring into the holes in the knives, and the adhe-
sive material is transferred to the sides of the perforations in the sheets, and if the
sheets are slightly pressed before the adhesive material hardens, the sheets will be
very securely attached to cach other.
In the Drawing,
Fig. 1 is a plan of the machine in which the sewing performed by a straight
needle or needles; Fig. 2 is a vertical section of the same; and Fig. 3 is a perspec-
tive view of the shuttle, needle, and folded sheet.
Figs. 4, 5, 6, and 7 are diagrams illustrating various forms of sewing.
Fig. 8 is a plan of the machine in which the sewing is performed by semicircular
needles; Fig. 9 is a front elevation of the same; Fig. 10 is a section at the
line x, x.
Fig. 11 is a plan of the edge of the sheet holder; Fig. 12 is an inverted plan of
the mechanism for moving the catch stitch cords; and Fig. 13 is an elevation of the
sheet holder and circular needles.
Fig. 14 is a vertical section of the machine for securing the sheets together by
staples; Fig. 15 is a plan of the same; and Fig. 16 is an elevation partly in
section.
Fig. 17 is a section of the plunger and head block.
Fig. 18 is a vertical transverse section of the machine for attaching the sheets

page_text: together by paste or other adhesive material; Fig. 19 is a plan of the same; and
Fig. 20 is an elevation in larger size of the perforating and pasting blade.
Referring to Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, the eye-pointed needle a is upon a bar
b, that is reciprocated by suitable means, such as the lever d and cam d¹ upon the
motor shaft e. The shuttle f is in a race-way. g, and it is moved at the proper
time to pass through the loop of needle thread by the shuttle driver h that is
actuated by any suitable means.
The lever and cam k are shown as the means
for moving the shuttle in proper time; these parts and the sewing operations
being well known, do not require further description, except as hereafter contained,
and it is remarked that only one needle and shuttle are shown, but there may be
two or more needles upon the same bar, and a corresponding number of shuttles and
raceways and shuttle drivers.
The sheet is presented by a sheet holder L, the edge of which is grooved to form
a guide for the needle. It is preferable to employ a number of these sheet holders
attached to an endless belt or chain m, passing around the pulleys or rollers, n, o, p,
and each sheet holder has a guide foot, sliding in a stationary groove g, so as to
keep the sheet holder in a vertical position and bring the sheet to the place where
the sewing is performed, after which the end of the foot r clears the groove q,
and the sheet holder is carried bodily down out of the folded and sewed sheet by
the belt as it passes downwardly between the rollers n and o, leaving the sewed
sheet suspended to be pressed along upon the table or support o¹ by the next sheet
that is brought up to position by the next sheet holder. The belt or chain with the
sheet holder is moved around progressively by any desired mechanism; a crank 3,
connecting rod 4, and a clamping feed t, similar to that upon a sewing machine, are
shown for this purpose.
The fold at the back of the shects of paper to be sewed together is cut or sawed
at the proper places in the usual manner, and the portions of the fold through
which the needle or needles pass are held up firmly by the grooved portions 5 of
the sheet holder, and the intermediate portions of the sheet are pressed or bent
over (where the notches 6 are in the edge of the sheet holder) by the sheet holder
pressing the folded part of the sheet into contact with the under side of the shuttle
raceway gand the stationary plates v, as illustrated in Fig. 3.
In consequence of this way in which the paper at the fold is bent aside in sec-
tions, opportunity is given for inserting the eye-pointed needle through the portion
of the fold that stands up, and the end of the needle comes out of the fold at the
shuttle raceway, so that the shuttle can pass through the loop of thread carried by
such eye-pointed needle, and the shuttle is moved freely at right angles to the
needle, or nearly so, in order to take the loop of needle thread in the best manner,
and this shuttle carries a cord or stout thread adapted to form one of the back cords
of the book.
It is to be understood that the machine is to be constructed with reference to the
size of the book to be sewed, and the character of the sewing required.
In the diagrams, Figs. 4, 5, 6, & 7, some of the forms of sewing are illus-
trated. Fig. 4 shows the small book leaves with two saw cuts, one stitch and a
thread or cord in both saw cuts. In this case one cord is laid in by the shuttle;
the other is laid in by simply raising the thread at one stitch so that the needle
passes below it, and depressing it at the next stitch, so that the needle passes above
the thread or cord is supplied from a spool, and an eye in a lever is used to raise
or depress the thread.
it;
In Fig. 5 a style of sewing is illustrated the same as in Fig. 4, but instead of
being single it is double. This is produced by duplicating the parts of the machine
relating to the needle and shuttle, so that the two needles will be moved simul-
taneously towards and from each other, and there will be two shuttles.
In Fig. 6 a similar kind of sewing is represented to that shown in Fig. 5; but
in addition, two central incisions are made in the back, and a strip of parchment,
tape, or other suitable material is applied, the same being in the machine beneath

page_text: one of the metal strips v, so that the strip of parchment is depressed enough for the
needle to pass over it; the strip either terminates near the needle or is bent up to
allow the needle to pass between it and the strip.
It will be evident that two or more needles can be used on one needle bar with
a corresponding number of shuttles in instances where the space between the
sewed soctions are wider than the sewed sections, as illustrated in Fig. 7, so that
there will be room for the movement of the needles in the sections of the back that
are folded or bent back as shown.
A looper might take the place of the shuttle, or the shuttle might be revolved
instead of reciprocated, and it is to be understood that only one sheet holder might
be employed having the necessary up-and-down motions to present the sheet, but it
is best to use the belt because it gives more time for adjusting the sheet to place
while the sewing of the previous sheet is being performed.
Figs. 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13 represent the machine in which semicircular needles
are employed for sewing. The table a³ is supported upon a suitable frame b³, and 6*
is the shaft to which power is applied. The sheet holder is made of a size
adapted to receive the folded sheet, and it is remarked that each machine may be
large enough for the largest volumes and have numerous sets of needles and shuttles,
but only those needles, shuttles, and their appliances will be put into operation that
are required for the particular size of book that is being sewed, or there may be a
machine adapted to each size of book.
In the Figures of the Drawing last above mentioned two needles and their
appliances are shown. The upper edge of the sheet holder is made with segmental
notches containing a grooved edge to guide the semicircular needle hereafter
described, and at the ends of these notches are the gauge points 22, that are
similar to small gouges tapered to a point; these might be used to perforate the
sheets at the places for the needles to enter and emerge, but it is preferable to havo
the backs sawed as usual at the places corresponding with these gauge points.
The sheet holder is provided with links that guide it to place as it is carried
up by the lever d³ and cam d'acting upon the stem e of such sheet holder, which
stem slides through the guide 24. As the sheet holder descends after the sheet has
been sewed the links c swing the same forward into a position ready for the next
sheet.
The needles ³ are each an arc of a circle, and the wire is bent to form an arm
passing to the shaft that is provided for each needle, and is at the center of the
arc of the needle.
Each needle shaft is provided with a pinion h³, and said shaft is mounted in
suitable bearings in the bed a. There is a rack in contact with the pinions ³,
and to this rack end motion is given at the proper times to partially revolve the
needles first one way and then the other. The link k', crank ³, shaft ³, and cam h³,
are represented as the means for giving these movements to the rack.
The shuttles n³ are set in the raceway m³, and are moved by the shuttle drivers 25,
upon a rod 26 that receives motion from the link p³, crank arm q³, shaft q', and
cam 27, upon the driving shaft b'.
Each shuttle carries a cord adapted to become one of the back cords of the book,
and before the sewing is commenced the cord from each shuttle is tied to a hook or
otherwise connected to its corresponding traction cord 28, leading to the small
drums 30 upon the shaft o³. This shaft o³ is provided with pawls 31 that act to
rotate the drums when the cords are being wound upon them, but by raising such
pawl the cord may be drawn off as the drum is turned back. These traction cords
are tightened sufficiently to draw the shuttle cords a little distance under the bed a³,
and as the sewing progresses these cords 28 are drawn back the proper distance
each movement of the machine to move the sewed sheet out of the way of the next
sheet to be sewed, and for this purpose the ratchet and pawl o' are employed, the
same receiving motion from a crank-pin upon the shaft b
It will now be apparent that if the parts are properly timed the semicircular
needle passes into the notch at the back of the folded sheet and emerges at the next

page_text: notch, the needle having been guided and kept from injuring the sheet by the
grooved edge of the notch in the sheet holder; the shuttle passes through the loop
of needle thread that is brought above the sheet by the said semicircular eye-pointed
needle, the needle draws back, and the thread draws around the shuttle and around
the cord that passes off from such shuttle, suspending the sheet by the shuttle cord,
and the sheet is drawn back as aforesaid, and its weight is taken by the platform,
that is, so' adjusted vertically that the edges of the sheet rest upon such platform.
The needles having been turned back are ready to pass into the next sheet when
presented. There is a thread controller or take-up formed of the bar ³, that
is, pivoted at 35 and actuated by the crank-arm 56, lever 57, and cam s, that
rises at the proper time and prevents the slack thread remaining in the fold of the
sheet and draws the stitch sufficiently tight. If these parts only were used the
book sewing could be accomplished, but it is preferable to employ catch-stitch
cords 40 passing from spools (which may be located at t) through eyes 41, and
thence through eyes 42 to the saw cut in the sheet at which the needles enter.
These eyes 42 are moved so that the needle at one movement passes at one
side of its catch stitch cord, and the next movement at the other side of
such cord, whereby the cord is interlaced or confined in the saw cut of the sheet for
the purposes hercin-before set forth.
It will be evident that if the catch stitch cord is moved so that the needle and
thread pass beneath and at one side of it, the needle thread will remain at that sido
of the catch stitch cord; if now said cord is moved the other way the needle passes
over it, and the thread draws around the catch stitch cord, confining it into the
groove, and so on.
In Fig. 12 there is shown a simple device for moving these eyes. The two bars
,, are pressed together by a spring a connected at one end by a small lever 465,
and there is an eye 42 attached to cach bar. The pawl 44 from the shuttle driver
passes between these bars, and is directed by the side of one bar into the notch of
the next bar u, and carries that bar to the extreme of movement of the pawl,
bringing the notch of the next bar u³ (by the movement resulting from the lever 46)
behind the pawl; the pawl retires between the bars u³, ; they spring slightly
apart, and the notch of the next bar u is taken upon the next forward movement,
and so on, the eyes and the catch stitch cords being placed first one side and then
the other side of the needle's path in entering the fold. The capacity of this
machine is large, because a number of volumes can be sewed before the machine is
stopped for their removal, it only being necessary to give a partial rotation to the
shaft o by hand to draw the volumes along and leave the proper amount of back
shuttle cord between one volume and the next. The increased strain in moving a
number of volumes is not detrimental, because it is independent of the sewing
mechanisın.
Figs. 14, 15, 16, & 17 show the inachine for securing the sheets together with
staples. The staples are supplied by a shaking hopper, or otherwise upon the
inclined plate a, and slide down the same against the inclined fence 6º, and along
the same towards the staple bar c. There is an opening at 7 in the plate
leaving a narrow strip a of the plate a", which is of such a width relatively to the
staple that if a staple presents itself in the position of the staple 51 it slides along
this strip a7 and falls over the bar c, and hangs thereon with the points downwards;
but if a staple slides along down the gutter with the points against bº, as at 52, the
bar portion of the staple overbalances the same, causing the staple to fall over the
edge of a through the opening c into a receptacle, and if a staple approaches and
passes upon the strip a' in the position shown at 53 or 54, the points are not sup-
ported, and it falls through the opening c². By this construction only those staples
that are in a proper position to fall upon the inclined bar c are used, and the others
are to be returned and scattered upon the plate a by hand or otherwise. The
operator preferably supplics the staples by hand from time to time upon the plate aº,
so that there will be a sufficient number upon the staple bar c for use in the
machine. The staple bar is supported in an inclined position by the standard d

page_text: and head block, and in this head block 7 is a channel of a corresponding sectional
size to the staple, so that the staple can be moved vertically therein, and in this
channel thore is a plunger connected by the link to the lever h7, so that it can
be moved up and down, and upon each downward movement said plunger i presses
upon the staple that is at the lowest end of the staple bar cand presses back the
spring, and carries the staple down the channel in the head block and drives
it through the pamphlet or book that is presented at the bottom of the head block,
as hereafter described.
It is to be understood that as the plunger is drawn up above the staple bar c
the spring returns to its position against the end of the staple bar and supports
the lowest of the staples, as seen in Fig. 17, so that the staples cannot run off the
end of the incline, but are retained so that only one at a time is taken away by the
plunger. The lever his operated in any suitable manner; a treadle and rod are
preferred.
The die m that supports the book or pamphlet through which the staple is
driven is made with a recessed face, as seen in Figs. 14 & 16, so that the ends of
the staple aro bent by sliding down the inclined surface.
It is important that the book or pamphlet be pressed firmly against the under
edge of the head block, so that the staples will be guided in their channel while
being driven; therefore the die me is placed upon an arm that is pivoted at 56, and
guided between the bed blocks, and beneath this die me there is a wedge plate st
that is moved endwise by an arın s from the lever h that is linked to said plate 86,
so that the latter slides end wise as the lever is raised and depressed. As the
lever ' is moved to operate the plunger and drive the staple, the wedge plate 8"
is moved endwise to raise the die me and press the book or pamphlet firmly up
against the lower edge of the head block and hold the same while the plunger
drives the staple, and the ends thereof are turned up against said die me; and in
order to adapt the machine to different thicknesses of books or pamphlets, the
screw is provided beneath the wedge plates to raise or lower that and the die m³.
As the plunger rises the wedge plate 8 is moved endwise, bringing the thinner part
of said plate beneath the said die me, so that the latter may descend and relieve the
pressure upon the book and allow of its removal and the insertion of another book
in its place.
Figs. 18, 19, & 20 show the machine for uniting the sheets of paper together by
paste or other adhesive material.
The perforating and pasting knife a is made in such a manner that paste or
other adhesive material will be supplied by the same to the surface of the paper,
through which such knife or blade passes.
The knife a is preferably made as a lance point, with a hole or holes 2º, so that
the adhesive material entering such hole will be carried by the blade through the
paper, and the paste will be spread upon the fibers of the paper that spring into
such hole as the blade passes into and through the sheets. The knife may be cor-
rugated or otherwise constructed so as to hold the required quantity of adhesive
material.
Two or more knives or blades a are mounted in the head bar bat distances apart
adapted to the object intended, and this bar 6º is moved up or down by a treadle c⁹,
or otherwise.
Guide rods e, cross bar ƒ, and links g³ are preferred and used for drawing down
the cross bar 6, and the springs hº serve to throw the parts up again after the sheets
have been perforated.
The paste receptacle is preferably a trough ³, with a cover 1°, leaving a long slot
72, through which the blades a pass into the paste to receive their supply of
adhesive material, and they spread the same upon the inner surfaces of the per-
forations made by the knives through the paper.
It is preferable to employ a table m for receiving the sheets to be operated upon,
and the trough is inserted into this table,

page_text: The spring fingers nº serve to lift the sheets from the cover as soon as the
pressure is released, and in order to hold the sheets in place while the knives pass
through them spring fingers are employed upon the rock shaft s³, and upon this
rock shaft & there is an arm us, shown by dotted lines in Fig. 18, against which the
cross bar 69 presses as it is drawn down.
A spring moves the rock shaft, and raises the fingers after the bar 6° has been
raised, so that the fingers hold the sheets down until the knives a have been
drawn entirely out of the paper. The penetrating blade may pass into the pasto
before going into the paper, and thereby convey the adhesive substance with it.
This manner of pasting sheets is very advantageous, as it consumes but little time,
and holds the material with great firmness, especially when the sheets are slightly
pressed before the adhesive material hardens.
What is claimed and to be secured by Letters Patent is,―
First. The combination of a sheet holder having a grooved and notched edge,
with a plate v to bend the paper of the sheet aside in sections, and an eye-pointed
needle and sewing mechanism, substantially as set forth.
Second. In a book sewing machine the combination of a reciprocating needle, a
shuttle carrying a thread or cord, a sheet holder with a grooved edge, and an
endless belt to move such sheet holders successively to the point of sewing, substan-
tially as set forth.
Third. The sheet holder and belt m in combination with a foot and guide
ways q to retain the sheet holder in a vertical position, substantially as set forth.
Fourth. The combination in a book sewing machine of mechanism, substantially
as described, for bending the cut sections of the back aside, and passing the sewing
needle into one end and out of the other end of the standing portion of the fold,
substantially as set forth.
Fifth. The sheet holder c³ made with a notched edge containing a groove for the-
needle in combination with a semicircular or segmental needle, substantially as set
forth.
Sixth. The sheet holder c³ having the gauge points 22 at the ends of the seg-
mental groove for receiving the sheet in combination with the segmental needle,
substantially as set forth.
Seventh. In a book-sewing machine the combination of a sheet holder, a seg-
mental eye-pointed needle, a shuttle carrying the back cord for the book, and
mechanism substantially as specified for communicating the relative movements to
the parts, as specified.
Eighth. The combination with the back cords of the book, and the means for
supplying the same, and sewing the sheets to such back cords, of means substantially
as described for drawing such back cords along progressively as the sewing is
performed, and rendering the sewing sufficiently loose, substantially as described.
Ninth. The method herein specified of interlacing a catch stitch cord with the
needle threads in sewing books by causing the needle to pass at one side of such
cord at one stitch, and at the other side of such cord at the next stitch, substantially
as set forth.
Tenth. The traction cord 28, back book cord drums 30, and shaft o³, actuated as
set forth, in combination with the shuttle n³, segmental needle ³, sheet holder c³,
and mechanism for moving the needles, shuttles, and sheet holder, substantially as
set forth.
Eleventh. The eyes 42, rods u³, u³, and pawl 44, in combination with the shuttles,
shuttle drivers, and segmental needles, substantially as set forth.
Twelfth. The inclined plate a, provided with the fence 6, opening c³, and
strip a', in combination with the staple bar c³, substantially as and for the purposes
set forth.
Thirteenth. The combination of the sliding wedge plate 8 and screw tⓇ with the
die me and staple driving mechanism, substantially as set forth.
Fourteenth. A penetrating blade having a receptacle for paste or similar material,

page_text: and mechanism for moving the same through the sheets of paper or other material,
in combination with a receptacle for supplying such pasto, whereby the sheets are
caused to adhere together, substantially as set forth.
Fifteenth. The method herein specified of uniting sheets of paper or similar
material by means of paste or other adhesive substance that is introduced into
perforations in the sheets by the perforating implement, substantially as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Jensen, have hereunto set my hand and
• seal, this Eighteenth day of June, A.D. 1877.
.
DETER TENCEN
בממ
TENSEN
2411T
(L.S.)