IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE ARTIFICIAL PRODUCTION OF COLD FOR ICE MAKING AND OTHER PURPOSES."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Lonsdale Beckwith and Thomas Bell Lightfoot,
both of the Dartford Iron Works, in the County of Kent, Engineers, for an
Invention of " IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE
ARTIFICIAL PRODUCTION OF COLD FOR ICE MAKING AND OTHER PURPOSES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Lonsdale Beckwith
and Thomas Bell Lightfoot at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on
the 15th March 1880.
"
EDWARD LONSDALE BECKWITH and THOMAS BELL LIGHTFOOT, both of the
Dartford Iron Works, in the County of Kent, Engineers. IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE ARTIFICIAL PRODUCTION OF COLD FOR ICE
MAKING AND OTHER PURPOSES."
Our Invention relates to that description of machinery or apparatus for the
artificial production of cold, which operate by the successive compression, refrigera-
tion, and expansion of air, and it consists of an improved arrangement of the parts
of such apparatus, whereby greater compactness, together with economy in con-
struction, are obtained.
In carrying out our Invention we attach the compression and expansion or
distension cylinders to the refrigerator (with which we by preference combine the
reservoir), so that they each form an integral part of one and the same machine,
which is self contained, and capable of being attached direct to any suitable
foundation. The cylinders may be either arranged singly, one at each side of the
refrigerator, or they may be arranged in pairs at each side-thereof, or in any other
suitable-manner.
It is also proposed in some cases to combine with the apparatus a steam engine
for driving the same, and a circulating pump for supplying water to the refrigerator
by bolting or otherwise attaching the said parts to the refrigerator.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Edward Lonsdale Beckwith and Thomas Bell Lightfoot in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 15th September 1880.
EDWARD LONSDALE BECKWITH and THOMAS BELL: LIGHTFOOT, both of the
Dartford Iron Works, in the County of Kent, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS_IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE ARTIFICIAL PRODUCTION OF COLD For Ice
MAKING AND OTHER PURPOSES."
Our said Invention relates to that description of machinery or apparatus for the
artificial production of cold, in which the operation takes place by the successive
compression, refrigeration, and expansion of air, and it consists of an improved
arrangement of the parts of such machinery or apparatus, whereby greater com-
pactness, together with economy in construction, are obtained.
In carrying out our said Invention we attach the compression and expansion or
distension cylinders to the size of the cooler or refrigerator (with which we by
preference combine the air reservoir), so that each of the working parts forms an 1
integral portion of one and the same machine, which is self contained, and is
capable of being attached direct to any suitable foundation.
The cylinders may be either arranged singly, one at each side of the cooler or
refrigerator, or they may be arranged in pairs at each side thereof, and they may
be either placed vertically at the sides of the cooler or refrigerator or at an angle
thereto approximately not greater than 45° to a vertical plane.
We may also combine with the apparatus a steam engine for driving the same,
and a circulating pump for supplying water to the cooler or refrigerator by bolting
or otherwise attaching the said parts to the cooler or refrigerator.
And in order that our said Invention may be fully understood, we shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose shall refer to
the several Figures on the annexed Sheets of Drawings, the same letters of reference
indicating corresponding parts in all the Figures.
Figures 1 and 2 (Sheet 1) of the accompanying Drawings are elevations taken
respectively at right angles to each other of an apparatus constructed according to
one mode of carrying out our said Invention for the artificial production of cold
for ice making and other purposes.
Figures 3 and 4, and Figures 5 and 6 (Sheet 1), and Figures 7 and 8 (Sheet 2),
are views similar to Figures 1 and 2, illustrating three other modifications, Figures
9, 10, and 11 (Sheet 2), illustrating further modifications, Figures 9 and 10 being
respectively elevations of opposite ends, and Figure 11 a side elevation of the
apparatus.
In the modifications, Figures 1 and 2, Figures and 4, and Figures 5 and 6
(Sheet 1), and Figures 7 and 8 (Sheet 2), the compression and expansion cylinders
are arranged vertically at the sides of the cooler, whilst in Figures 9, 10, and 11,
Sheet 2, the said cylinders are arranged at an angle at the sides of the cooler.
A is the cooler (with which we by preference combine the air reservoir); B is
the compression cylinder or cylinders; C, the expansion cylinder or cylinders; D,
the steam engine cylinder; E is the circulating pump. a is the suction pipe or
pipes to the compression cylinder or cylinders B; b is the delivery pipe or pipes
from the said cylinder or cylinders to the cooler and reservoir A; c is the pipe or
pipes from the cooler and reservoir A to the expansion cylinder or cylinders C;
d is the delivery pipe or pipes from the expansion cylinder or cylinders C; e is the
crank shaft (common to all the cylinders) for receiving motion from the steam
engine D, and transmitting such motion to the several cylinders, the angles of the
various crank pins being adjusted, so as to give the best turning movements.
In the modification illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 the compression cylinder B is
illustrated vertically at one side, and the expansion cylinder Ĉ at the opposite side

page_text: of the cooler A, the said cylinders being respectively attached to brackets f, f¹,
projecting from the cooler A. The crank shaft e is supported in bearings in
standards g. g, extending up from the cooler A, and the steam engine cylinders D
and the circulating pump E are carried at opposite ends of the cooler.
The apparatus, which is thus self contained, may be attached direct to any
suitable foundation.
By the arrangement of the parts indicated in Figures 1 and 2 great compactness
is obtained, whilst at the same time the several pistons work under the most
advantageous conditions.
In the modification illustrated in Figures 3 and 4 two compression cylinders B
are arranged on one side of the cooler A, and two expansion cylinders C are
arranged at the opposite side thereof, the said cylinders being attached to the sides
of the cooler as before. The crank shaft e is supported in bearings at the top of
the cooler A. h are the connecting rods, and i the crossheads, the latter being
suitably guided for vertical motion. The steam engine cylinders D and circulating
pump E are arranged on the top of the cooler at opposite ends thereof, as in the
arrangement illustrated in Figures 1 and 2.
The pipes a, b, c, d, are not shewn in the Drawings, Figures 3 and 4.
If desired, in lieu of the compression cylinders and expansion cylinders being so
arranged that two of the former are situate on one side, and two of the latter on
the opposite side of the cooler, one compression cylinder and one expansion cylinder
may be placed at each side of the cooler; or two compression cylinders may be
arranged at one side and one expansion cylinder at the opposite side of the cooler,
two expansion cylinders being used when it is desired to reduce the height as much
as possible.
According to the modification illustrated in Figures 5 and 6 (in which a single
compression cylinder B is attached to the cooler A at one side thereof, and a single
expansion cylinder C is attached to the cooler A at the opposite side thereof) the
bearings of the crank shaft e are supported on standards g, g', carried up one from
each side of the cooler A to a sufficient height to leave space for the steam engine
cylinder D, which is placed vertically between the two standards and bolted to the
top of the cooler. The dotted line E (Figure 5) indicates the centre of the cir-
culating pump. The pipes a, b, c, d, are arranged in substantially the same manner
as in the modification herein before described with reference to Figures 1 and 2.
In the modification illustrated in Figures 7 and 8 (on Sheet 2) the parts generally
are arranged in a substantially similar manner to the corresponding parts shewn
in Figures 5 and 6 (Sheet 1), the principal difference being that in the modification,
Figures 7 and 8, two steam cylinders D are employed arranged at an angle at
opposite sides of the cooler A in lieu of a single vertical steam cylinder, as used in
the modification, Figures 5 and 6.
The circulating pump E is also placed in a slightly different position in the two
modifications, as will be apparent from an inspection of the Drawings.
In the several arrangements hereinbefore described the compression and expansion
cylinders are arranged vertically, but they may be placed at an angle approximately
not greater than 45° to a vertical plane.
An example of an apparatus so arranged is represented in Figures-9,-10, and 11,
the cooler A, which consists-of-a-horizontal cylinder, being provided with brackets
ff, to which the compression cylinder B and the expansion cylinder C are
respectively bolted.
By arranging the several parts of the apparatus in the manner hereinbefore
described with reference to Figures 5 and 6, Figures 7 and 8, and Figures 9, 10,
and 11, similar advantages are obtained to those hereinbefore enumerated in respect
of the arrangement illustrated in Figures 1 and 2.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, we would observe in conclusion that what we consider to be novel and original,

page_text: and therefore claim as the Invention secured to us by the hereinbefore in part
recited Letters Patent is,-
Attaching the compression and expansion or distension cylinder or cylinders to
the sides of the cooler or refrigerator, so that each of the said working parts shall
form an integral portion of one and the same self contained machine, the said
cylinders being placed at the sides of the cooler or refrigerator either vertically or
at an angle thereto approximately not greater than 45 degrees to a vertical plane, and
the whole of the parts being arranged and combined together substantially in the
manner herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Bell Lightfoot, on behalf of myself
and the said Edward Lonsdale Beckwith, have to this our Specification set
my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of September, One thousand eight
hundred and eighty.
T. B. LIGHTFOOT. (L.S.)