IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Henry Smith, Edward Smith, and John Smith,
all of Kidderminster, in the County of Worcester, for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO LOOMS FOR WEAVING." A communi-
cation from abroad by William Talbot, of Philadelphia, in the County of
Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, one of the United States of
America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Henry Smith,
Edward Smith, and John Smith at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents on the 9th December 1881.
WILLIAM HENRY SMITH EDWARD SMITH and JOHN SMITH all of Kidderminster
in the County of Worcester. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO LOOMS FOR
WEAVING." A communication from abroad by William Talbot of Philadelphia in
the County of Philadelphia in the State of Pennsylvania one of the United States
of America.
This Invention chiefly relates to improvements in looms for weaving in which
the filling or weft is inserted by a carrier or carriers and the filling is delivered to
the carriers by fingers controlled by a jacquard machanism and are principally
intended for weaving a class of fabric known as "chenille filling" though some of
the parts may be used on other looms.
The first part of this Invention relates to improvements in the well known
"jacquard machine" for weaving figured fabrics which improvement adapts it for
selecting the colored filling or weft yarn used in weaving a web, which web is cut
up into strips and these strips are used as filling or weft in weaving figured carpets
and other articles that are known as "chenille fabrics "
2nd. To the combination and arrangement of two filling or weft carriers with a
filling cutter and binder for introducing the filling or weft single into the warp
shed.
3rd. To the combination and arrangement of a swinging frame for carrying a
series of filling fingers.

page_text: 4th. To an improved selvege mechanisin to be used when inserting the filling or
weft double and mechanisin to stop the loom should the weft break
5th. To an improved temple for keeping the fabric properly extended and making
a straight selvege.
6th. To the combination and arrangement of a shifting needle and guide-bar,
guide-reed and heddles for crossing the warp yarns to produce cross weaving
The first part of this Invention which relates to the jacquard machine consists
in the combination of a trap board divided into sections a series of cords and
filling fingers with two pattern mechanisms one to control the sections of the trap
board and one to control the cards as will be hereinafter described and in the
combination and arrangement of mechanism whereby the movements of the card
cylinder are controlled by the cylinder or chain which controls the movements of
the trap-board sections. The frame card cylinder needles knotted cords and
weights are constructed in the manner usual in jacquard machines that are operated
by knotted cords and trap-boards but the trap-board I divide into sections and
provide the ends of each section with tenons that fit and slide in guides. The
sections are each provided with eyes to which are connected hooks which pass
through eyes in the needles. One end of each of the needles passes through the
top of levers hereinafter called the first levors and on this end of the needle is cut
a screw thread and each needle is provided with two regulating nuts. On the other
end of each needle is placed a spiral spring
On the top of the machine two rock shafts are mounted in bearings and on
these rock shafts are four arms two on each and to these arms are attached lifting
rods. From two of these arms hereinafter called arins No. 1 and No. 2 are
connecting rods which connect to a crank on a shaft at the bottom of the machine.—
Attached to the arın No. 2 is a pusher for moving the pattern cylinder-Connected
to one of the first lovers by a connecting rod is a lever hereafter called the second
lever At the lower end of this second lever is a yoke and passing through it a
connecting hook one end being connected to a lever at the bottom of the machine
which is operated by an eccentric cam and through these devices the card cylinder
is moved for the change of one card for each complete revolution of the pattern
chain or cylinder.
The knotted cords are fastened to the filling fingers (one cord for each section of
the trap-board) which are constructed in manner shown and described in United
States Patents No. 120510 dated October 31. 1871 and No. 159653 dated
9th February 1875 and the filling hooks or carriers I propose to use for inserting
the weft are those shown and described in the United States Patents No. 13382
dated 7th August 1855. and the two above mentioned-As these devices are old and
well known no description of them is required
In practice I propose to divide the trap board into forty four sections for
10 cords (but these numbers may be increased or diminished as may be desired)
and in such case 44 levers and a chain of 44 divisions will be required and for the
chain I prefer to use in practice the well known roller chain now used in harness
motions on looms.
The second part of this Invention consists of the filling or weft carriers made of
pieces of iron gas piping turned to fit cast iron guides which are fastened one on
each end of the lay bed-These guides have each a slot planed in them longi-
tudinally and through this slot slides to and fro connecting fingers each fastened by
set screws to cords which passing over carrier pulleys fastened to the lay bed are
secured to drums fitted on a shaft and so constructed that the cords may be
tightened by ratchet wheel and pawl-The drums and the shaft to which they are
attached receive reversing motion from a pinion in connection with a toothed
segment on the bottom of a lever which lever in turn is operated by an eccentric
grooved can fixed on the shaft known as the cam shaft of the loom which is geared
to and operated from the main or crank shaft.
The filling or weft cutter consists of a small pair of shears constructed with a
fixed and movable blade the latter is operated by a toothed segment pivotted on

page_text: an arm connected to and operated from a bell crank lever which is in turn operated
through connections from a cam on the cam shaft of the loom. The arm is hung
on a stud fitted in a stand which is fastened on the breast beain-On the stud is
also a bent lever which is kept against a pin fastened to the lay bed by a coiled
spring
The third part of this Invention consists of a swinging frame preferably made
of cast iron and is constructed for carrying such number of filling fingers as may
be desired-The frame is mounted loose on a rock shaft of the lay and is connected
by a rod over a carrier pulley to a spiral spring which serves to connect the
motion of the frame to that of the lay and its forward motion is restricted by a
stop placed for the purpose
The fourth part of this Invention which consists of an improved selvege motion
for working a two ply filling or weft is mounted on the right hand side of the lay
close to the edge of the cloth and consists of a loop pin attached to a lever on the
end of which is a small roller, it is caused to rise and fall by the action of the
roller on a fixed incline on the framework as the lay beam moves to and fro-On
the bed of the lay is a small swivel connected by a small spiral spring to a
stationary part of the framework. As the lay beam advances on completion of
the stroke of the filling or weft carrier the swivel by means of the stationary
connection to the frame-work is caused to move and push the end of the filling or
weft off the hook on the end of the carrier onto the loop pin. This pin which had
been lowered out of the way of the carrier is now by the action of the roller on
the end of the lever to which it is attached on the stationary incline raised until
it is level with the height of the finished web
In connection with this improved selvege motion I employ a stop motion so
that should the thread of the filling or weft break or miss being properly caught
on the loop pin it will cause the loom to stop This consists of a hook or presser
which falls onto and rests on the thread of filling or weft between the loop pin and
the edge of the web which hook is connected by a series of levers and bell crank
levers with the strap fork and should the thread break or miss being caught on the
loop pin the hook or presser falls and depresses a lever attached to its other end
which being displaced comes directly in contact with another lever and through a
bell crank pushes the starting handle out of a slot in which it is placed allowing
the strap fork to be pulled opposite a loose pulley by means of a spring attached
to it.
The fifth part of this Invention consists of an improved temple. The temple foot
is constructed of metal and has a number of needle points or spikes on its under
side and is attached to a bar or lever pivotted near to the end of the lever one
made to slide in curved guide slots in a stand which is fastened on the breast
beam At the end opposite to the foot the lever is connected to an operating
lever by an arm the operating lever being placed in such a position as to be pushed
back by the lay beam when it advances and brought back to its normal position by
a spring.
The sixth part of this Invention is an improved mechanism for crossing the
warp threads consists of a needle bar with guides the number of needles with eyes
at the point and guides being regulated according to the class of chenille to be
worn. The bar is fitted in guides to slide vertically the motion being communi-
cated from a lever and can and it also has a horizontal movement which is
imparted to it in one direction from a cam on the cam shaft of the loom through a
bell crank lever and in the opposite direction by a spiral spring. A guide-reed
made in the manner and form of the reed used in the lay for beating up the filling
or weft but deeper and longer in the splits and pliced in a stationary frame. Two
heddle frames in which are placed the proper number of heddle wires each of these
wires has two eyes a small one in the centre and a long one below similar to the
heddle wires used in weaving Tapestry Brussels Carpets The yarn from one beam
to form the binding warp is drawn through the small eyes of the heddle wires and
the yarn from the other beam to form the crossing warp is drawn through the

page_text: longer eye of a wire on each heddle frame and then through the reed and the eye
of a needle
The filling or weft threads are taken from spools or bobbins the threads passing
through guide holes in a guide board and under a clamping finger connected by a
rod to a cam on the cam shaft of the loom the threads then pass through another
guide board under a friction wire and through the eyes of the filling fingers.
These fingers are constructed with a space cut out so as to expose the threads
which is filled by a projecting tooth on the swinging frame the threads being
pressed by the weight of the finger on the tooth-The fingers as the lay and
swinging frame nove forward are all raised slightly by a rod on which they rest
and as the lay and swinging fraine retire they rest on the filling or weft creating a
drawing friction that will draw all the threads tight between the selvege and
fingers. Should the fingers not be of sufficient weight to draw more weight may
be added by means of a cord
The filling fingers are operated by the knotted cords worked by the Jacquard
Machine described in the first part of this Specification
An L shaped lever is hung by one end on a stud in a stand fastened to the
breast beam and is connected by a bell crank lever to a cam on the crank shaft of
the loom
The operation of the Invention is as follows:-
Referring first to the "Jacquard" mechanism, motion is communicated to the
shaft at the bottom of the machine which is so timed as to suit the filling or weft
carriers of the loon-This shaft through the connecting rods operates the lifting
rods and these in turn raise such hooks as may be selected by the pegs on the
pattern cylinder or chain and by this means the sections of the trap board con-
nected to these hooks will be raised and the trap-board in turn will raise such
knotted cords as shall have been pushed onto the trap and this cord will raise the
filling or weft finger to which it is connected. As the arm No. 2 descends and just
as the section of the trapboard is lowered the pusher will move the pattern
cylinder one division and the peg in that division or on the pattern chain will
select the hooks of another section of the trap board and so on each section of the
trap board being raised in succession When the last division is to be raised the
pattern cylinder will present two pegs-One of these pegs will press in the lever
which is connected to the second lever and move said lever and a hook to the left
which as the hook is brought down by the eccentric can on the shaft at the bottom
of the machine will catch on the pin on one of the bell crank levers which are
connected to the slides carrying the card cylinder and "backboard" at the
opposite end. The slides, cylinder and backboard will be moved to the left and
the card cylinder will be turned to the extent of one card and the backboard
pressed against the ends of the needles and press them all to the left. This will
press all the knotted cords off the trap board. As the card cylinder is moved back
to the right by the weights on the bell crank levers the card will push to the right
all needles except those opposite a hole in the card. By these means all the
knotted cords but one of each section of the trap board are off. As each section of
the trapboard is raised the knotted cord left on that section is raised and with it
the filling finger to which it is connected. After each section of the trapboard
has been raised the card cylinder will be moved again and make such change of
the knotted cords as the design requires It will be seen that one card does for
all the divisions of the trapboard
In weaving chenille for some designs it may be desirous to keep up cach division
of the trap two or more picks. In such case the lifters are operated by a grooved
cam divided into the required number of parts and constructed with a dwell for
such number of picks as it may be desired to dwell for.
When dividing the trap board into a large number of sections it is proposed to
construct them of metal and fit them one into the other between the holes for the
cords.
In working a division of the trap constructed for ten cords and having ten

page_text: filling or warp fingers, ten colours of yarn may be used but if twenty or more fingers
be used and connected to each alternate section of the trap, and two sections of the
trap be raised at one time, twenty or more colours may be used by arranging the
cords so that only one section of the trap will raise a cord.
Passing on now to the other parts of the loom-As the filling or weft finger is
raised one of the weft threads is raised with it while the others are all kept in
their place by a lever. As the carrier which is propelled by a cord moves to the
right the thread is caught in its jaw and carried to about the centre of the fabric
where it is met by a carrier advancing from the opposite side; on the point of this
carrier is a hook that enters the jaw of the other carrier and from it receives the
filling or weft and carries it across the web. The carriers are operated by cords
from two drums one of lesser diameter than the other the object being that one
carrier will advance further than the other so that when the weft is wove in single
and has to be cut it will be of proper length to cross the warp threads. And
when single weft is being used I attach a spring to the end of second carrier
to prevent its dropping off the hook before it has passed all the warp threads.
When weaving double as the carrier draws the filling or weft to the selvege the
swivel pushes the loop from the hook of the carrier onto the loop pin which
holds it until the warp threads close on it and it is pushed off again by the reed.
The looped ends of the filling or weft will form a straight and even selvege.
When the filling or weft is woven in single the loom is provided with cutting
shears fixed on the left hand end of the breast beam. These shears are fixed to
cut the filling or weft close up to the warp threads at the part fastened to the
selvege and are operated as follows:-As the weft is raised by the finger the shears
are depressed by a bell crank lever connected to a cam. The shears in this position,
the thread of filling will lap around the lower or fixed blade and when it is drawn
to the centre of the cloth, and the carriers have met, and it has been transferred to
the second carrier the shears are operated the long finger on the upper or moving
blade presses all the other threads out of the way so that only the proper one will
be cut. As soon as the weft is cut the shears are raised by the cam to which it is
attached.
As the lay moves forward to beat up the filling a pin acts on a bent lever and
moves the shears to the left out of the way of the reed and as the lay receeds the
shears are brought back to their previously described position by the action of a
spiral spring.
The temple is operated by the advancing lay beam coming in contact with the
lever attached to it, the studs sliding in the curved slots of the stand, cause the foot
to rise and thus draw the needle points from the cloth and prevent the reed
striking the foot. As the reed moves from the cloth, the temple is moved back by
a spring to take a fresh hold of the cloth, and at the next shot the filling or weft
will be lapped round one of the spikes or pins in the temple foot. This will
continue at each shot of filling keeping the selvege on the left hand side of the
cloth to which it is attached straight. Of course this dovice is only necessary
when the weft is filled in double and then takes the place on the breast beam
occupied by the shears when the single weft is used.
The mechanism for crossing the warp threads operate as follows:-The warp
threads from one yarn beam are passed through the small centre eyes of the heddles
and through the guide reed. The warp threads from the other yarn beam are
passed through both heddle wires in the long eyes, through the guide-reed and
through the eye of a needle placed in a bar a little in advance of the guide reed, a
thread from each heddle wire and from one needle pass between each slit of the
guide reed. The heddles have an up and down motion that is one heddle is up
one shot and down the next alternately the needle-guide bar is up every shot but
has a horizontal motion first on one side of the two binding threads and then on
the other the guides in this bar keeping the threads in proper position as they are
crossed.

page_text: This Invention as above described is used for weaving chenille filling but the
mechanism for inserting the weft double, and the temple may be used for weaving
Ingrain or Damask Carpets and other fabrics in which a two ply filling or weft can
be used. When using this Invention in weaving ingrain carpets the fingers will
be moved and controlled by the same Jacquard machine that operates the warp
threads. In weaving damask carpets where only two kinds of filling or weft is
required working pick and pick the two fingers will be worked by cams actuated
from any convenient part of the loom And instead of our selvege motion operating
on the looped ends of the filling a small shuttle carrying a selvege thread is passed
through the loops formed.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Henry Smith, Edward Smith, and John Smith in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 9th June 1882.
28
WILLIAM HENRY SMITH EDWARD SMITII and John Smith all of Kidderminster
in the County of Worcester. IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO LOOMS FOR
WEAVING." A communication from abroad by William Talbot of Philadelphia in
the County of Philadelphia in the State of Pennsylvania one of the United States
of America
This Invention chiefly relates to improvements in looms for weaving in which
the filling or weft is inserted by a carrier or carriers, and the filling is delivered to
the carriers by fingers controlled by a Jucquard Mechanism and which aro
principally intended for weaving a class of fabric known as 'chenille filling "
though some of the parts may be used on other looins.
看备
The first part of this Invention relates to improvements in the well known
"Jacquard Machine" for weaving figured fabrics which improvement adapts it for
selecting the colored filling or weft yarn used in weaving a web, which web is cut
up into strips and these strips are used as filling or weft in weaving figured carpets
and other articles that are known as "chenille fabrics."
Second. To the combination and arrangement of two filling or weft carriers
with a filling cutter and binder for introducing the filling or weft single into the
warp slied.
Third. To the combination and arrangement of a swinging frame for carrying a
series of filling fingers.
Fourth. To an improved selvage mechanism to be used when inserting the
filling or weft double and mechanism to stop the loom should the weſt break.
Fifth. To an improved temple for keeping the fabric properly extended and
making a straight selvage.
Sixth. To the combination and arrangement of a shifting needle and guido bar,
guide reed and heddles for crossing the warp yarns to produce cross weaving. All
these are clearly shown in the Drawings in which Fig. 1. is a front elevation of a
Jacquard Machine" shown independently of the loom.
Fig. 2 plan of same.
Fig. 3 vertical section on line x, y.
Fig. 4 connecting rod and yoke lever for operating the card cylinder
Figs. 5 and 6 show the trap board sections
Fig. 7 is a view of grooved cam for operating the mechanism that lifts the trap
board section.
Fig. 8 is a sectional front elevation of a loom constructed with the improvements
the "Jacquard Machine" the breast beam and take up mechanism not shown
Fig. 9 a cross sectional end elevation of loom
Fig. 10 cross section showing the filling, friction, clamping and cutting
mechanism
Fig. 11 is a right hand end view of the loom
Figs. 12, 13. 14 are side views of the filling cutter, filling fingers, filling
binder and showing sections of filling finger, carrying frame, breast beain, and

page_text: Figs. 18, 19, and 20 show the needle bar and guide reed for crossing the warp
threads.
Figs. 21 and 22 are side views of the temple and filling fingers.
Fig. 23 is a birds eye view showing the filling fingers parts of the lay bed filling
carriers temples and selvage mechanisin using the filling double
Fig. 24 is a view of the temple foot
Fig. 25 is a front view of selvage mechanism and stop motion
Fig. 20 is a top view of the same. Fig. 27, end view of same
Fig. 28 is a perspective end view of filling clamp, filling fingers, filling carriers,
lay bed reed and filling cutting mechanism using the filling single.
Fig. 29 is a section showing the delivering and receiving ends of the filling
carriers.
The first part of this Invention which is shown in Figs 1-7 and relates to the
Jacquard machine consists in the combination of a trap board divided into sections
a series of cords and filling fingers with two pattern mechanisms one to control
the sections of the trap board and one to control the cords and mechanism to
operate the sections of the trap board as will be hereinafter described and in the
combination and arrangement of mechanism whereby the movements of the card
cylinder are controlled by the cylinder or chain which controls the movements of
the trap board sections.
The frame A card cylinder B needles a knotted cords band weights c are con-
structed in the manner usual in Jacquard Machines that are operated by knotted
cords and trap-boards The trap board is divided into sections C and the ends of
encli section are provided with tenons that fit and slide in guides d (see Fig. 3)
The sections C are each provided with eyes c to which are connected hooks f
which pass through eyes in the needles g. One end of each of the needles y passes
through the top of a lever h; on this end of the needle is cut a screw thread, and
each needle is provided with two regulating nuts. On the other end of each needle
is placed a spiral spring.
On the top of the machine two rock shafts D are mounted in bearings and on
these rock shafts are four arms E E E E two on each and to these arms are
attached lifting rods i. On two of these arms E' and E" are connecting rods F
which connect to a crank G on a shaft Hat the bottom of the machine. A pusher I
is attached to the arm E" to move the pattern cylinder J connected to the lever k' ;
by a connecting rod S is a lever K and at the lower end of this lever K is a yoke m
through which passes a connecting hook L. One end of this hook is connected to
lever shown at the bottom of the machine which is operated by an eccentric cam,
on shaft H and through these devices the card cylinder B is moved for the change
of one card for each complete revolution of the pattern chain or cylinder J. The
knotted cords bare fastened to the filling fingers P (one cord for each section of
the trap board as shown Fig. 3) which are constructed in manner shown and
described in United States Patents No. 120510 dated October 31. 1871 and
No. 159653 dated 9th February 1875 and the filling hooks or carriers we propose
to use for inserting the weft are those shown and described in the United States
Patents No. 13382 dated 7th August 1855 and the two above mentioned. As these
devices are old and well known no description of them is required.
In the Drawings we show the trap board divided into six sections each section
of the trap board adapted for four cords one lever h for each section a pattern
cylinder with six divisions, a plain four sided card cylinder without cards and four
filling fingers In practice we propose to divide the trap board into forty four
sections with ten cords to each (but these numbers may be increased or diminished
as may be desired) and in such case 44 levers and a chain of 44 divisions will be
required and for the chain we prefer to use in practico tho well known roller chain
now used in harness motions on looms.
In the second part of this Invention which is shown in Figs. 8 to 14 and 28
B B' are the filling or weft carriers made of pieces of iron gas piping turned to fit
cast iron guides D which are fastened one ou each end of the lay bed. These

page_text: guides D have each a slot F planed in them longitudinally and through this slot
slide to and fro connecting fingers G each fastened by set screws to cords H which
passing over carrier pulleys fastened to the lay bed are secured to drums J J' fitted
on a shaft S and so constructed that the cords I may be tightened by ratchet-
wheel and pawl as shown. The drums J J' and the shaft S to which they are
attached receive reversing motion from a pinion R in connection with a toothed
segment on the bottoin of a lever K which lever in turn is operated by the
eccentric grooved cam L fixed on the shaft known as the cam shaft of the loom
which is geared to and operated from the main or crank shaft.
The filling or weft cutter T consists of a small pair of shears constructed with a
fixed and moveable blade the latter is operated by a toothed seginent pivoted
on the arm V which is connected to and operated from the bell crank lever I'
which is in turn operated through connections from a cam on the cam shaft of the
loom. The arm V is hung on the stud Y fitted in the stand W which is fastened
on the breast beam C on the bottom of the stud Y is a bent lever X which is
kept against a pin O fastened to the lay bed by a coiled spring
The third part of this Invention (see Figs. 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 28) consists
of a swinging fraine M preferably made of cast iron and is constructed for carrying
such number of filling fingers as may be desired. The frame M. is mounted loose
on the rock shaft of the lay and is connected by a cord over a carrier pulley to a
spiral spring N which serves to connect the motion of the frame M to that of the
lny.
The forward motion of the frame ML is restricted and adjusted by a stop 3
placed for the purpose (see Fig. 9)
In the fourth part of this Invention which is shown in Figs. 23, 25, 20, 27 the
improved selvage motion for working a two ply filling or weft is mounted on the
right hand side of the lay C' close to the edge of the cloth and consists of a loop
pin a' attached to a lever b' on the end of which is a small roller c'. It is caused
to rise and fall by the action of the roller c' on a fixed incline d' on the framework
as the lay beam inoves to and fro-On the bed of the lay C is a small swivel c'
connected by a small spiral spring and cord h' to a stationary part of the frame-
work as the lay beam advances on completion of the stroke of the filling or weft
carrier the swivel by means of the stationary connection to the framework is caused
to move and push the end of the filling or weft off the hook on the end of the
carrier B' onto the loop pin a' This pin which has been lowered out of the way
of the carrier has now by the action of the roller c' on the end of the lever blon
the stationary incline d been raised until it is level with the height of the finished
web
In connection with this improved selvage motion is arranged a stop motion so
that should the thread of the filling or weft break or miss being properly caught
on the loop pin a' it will cause the looin to stop. This consists of a hook or
presser which falls onto and rests on the thread of filling or weft between the
loop pin A and the edge of the web, this hook f¹ is connected by a series of levors
gand and bell crank lovers' and m' with the strap fork and hould the thread
break or miss being caught on the loop pin a' the hook or presser f' falls and
depresses the lever gattached to its other end which being displaced comes
directly in contact with lever and through the bell cranks k' and m³ pushes tho
starting handle a out of a slot, in which it is placed allowing the strap fork to be
pulled opposite a loose pulley by means of a spring attached to it.
The fifth part of this Invention consists of an improved temple (shown in Figs.
21, 22, 23 and 24) The temple foot 11 which is constructed of inetal has a number
of needle points or spikes on its under side sce Fig. 24 and is attached to a bar or
lever 12 pivoted on stud 15 this stud and the stud d at the end of the lever are
made to slide in curved guide slot in the stand 16 which is fastened on the
breast beam C. At the end opposite to the foot the lever 12 is connected to an
operating lever 13 by an arm the operating lever being placed in such a position as
to be pushed back by the lay beain when it advances and brought back to its
normal position by a spring 17

page_text: The sixth part of this Invention (shown 8, 9, 18, 19 and 20) is an improved
mechanism for crossing the warp threads. 17 is a needle bar provided with needles
and guides, the number of needles with eyes at the point and guides being
determined and set to the guage desired according to the class of chenille to bo
worn-The bar 17 is fitted in guides to slide vertically the motion being commu-
nicated from a lever a and cam b. It has also a horizontal movement which is
imparted to it in one direction from a cam on the cam shaft of the loom through
a bell crank lever 19 and in the opposite direction by a spiral spring g. 20 is the
guide reed which is made in the manner and form of the reed used in the lay for
beating up the filling or weft, but deeper and longer in the splits and placed in a
stationary frame. 21 and 22 are the heddle frames in which are placed the proper
number of heddle wires, cach wire has two eyes a small one in the centre and a
long one below similar to the heddle wires used in weaving Tapestry Brussels
Carpets. The yarn from the beam 23 to form the binding warp is drawn through
the small eyes of the heddle wires, and the yarn from beam 24 to form the crossing
warp is drawn through the long eye of a wire ou cach heddle frame and then
through the reed and the eye of a needle. Figs. 9, 10, 12, show the filling guide y
and friction device. The filling or weft threads 25 are taken from spools or bobbins
the threads passing through guide holes in a guide board 26 and under the
clamping finger 27 connected by a rod 28 to cam on the cam shaft of the loom, the
threads then pass through another guide board 29 under a friction wire 30 and
through the eyes of the filling fingers 31. These fingers are constructed with a
space cut out so as to expose the threads, this space is filled by a projecting tooth
on the swinging frainc M plainly shown in Figs. 11, 13, 14, 21, 22 the threads
being pressed by the weight of the finger on the tooth in the spur at the bottom of
the finger. The fingers as the lay and swinging frame M move forward are all
raised slightly by a rod fon which they rest and as the lay and swinging frame
retire they rest on the filling or weft creating a drawing friction that will draw all
the threads tight between the selvage aud fingers. Should the fingers not be of
sufficient weight to draw, more weight may be added by means of the cord
The filling fingers 31 are operated by the knotted cords 32 worked by the
Jacquard Machine described in the first part of this Specification.
An L shaped lever 33 is hung by one end on a stud in a stand fastened to the
breast beam C and is connected by lever or connection 34 and a bell crunk lever 35
to a can on the crank shaft of the loom. The mechanism for operating the heddles
and take up motion is shown in the Drawings but theso parts are not new and
therefore require no description in this Specification
The operation of the Invention is as follows:
Referring first to the "Jacquard " mechanism, motion is communicated to the
shaft H at the bottom of the machine which is so timed as to suit the filling or
weft carriers of the loom This shaft through the connecting rods operates the
lifting rods í and these in turn raise such hooks fas may be selected by the pegs
on the pattern cylinder or chain J and by this menus the sections of the trap
board connected to the hooks will be raised and the trap-board sections C in turn
will raise such knotted cords bas shall have been pushed onto the trap and this
cord will raise the filling or weft finger P to which it is connected. As the arm E"
descends and just as the section of the trapboard is lowered the pusher I will move
the pattern cylinder J one division and the peg in that division or on the pattern
chain will select the hooks of another section of the trap board, and so on each section
of the trap board being raised in succession. When the last division is to be raised
the pattern cylinder will present two pegs. One of these pegs will press in the
lever which is connected to the lever K by the connection S and move said lever
and the hook L to the left, which, as the hook is brought down by the eccentric
cain on the shaft H will catch on the pin on one of the bell crank lovers which aro
connected to the slides carrying the card cylinder B and "back-board at the
opposite end. The slides, cylinder, and back board will be moved to the left and
the card cylinder B will be turned to the extent of one card and the backboard

page_text: pressed against the ends of the needles a and press them all to the left. This will
press all the knotted cords off the trap-board. As the card cylinder B is moved
back to the right by the weights on the bell crank levers the card will push to the
right all needles a except those opposite a hole in the card. By these means all the
knotted cords b but one of each section of the trapboard are off. As each section
of the trapboard C is raised the knotted cord b left on that section is raised and
with it the filling finger P to which it is connected. After each section of the
trapboard has been raised the card cylinder B will be moved again and make such
change of the knotted cords as the design requires It will be seen that one card
does for all the divisions of the trupboard.
In weaving chenille for some designs it may be desirable to keep up cach
division of the trap two or moro picks In such case the lifters are operated by
a grooved cam (Fig. 7) divided into the required number of parts and constructed
with a dwell for such number of picks as it may be desired to dwell for.
When dividing the trap-hoard into a large number of sections it is proposed to
construct them of metal and fit them one into the other between the holes for the
cords (as shown in Fig. 6)
In working a division of the trap constructed for ten cords and having ten filling
or warp fingers ten colours of yarn may be used, but if twenty or more fingers be
used and connected to each alternate section of the trap, and two sections of the
trap be raised at one time twenty or inore colors may be used by arranging the
cards so that only one section of the trap will raise a cord
Passing on now to the other parts of the loom. As the filling or weft finger
marked (P in Fig. 3) is raised one of the weft threads is raised with it while tho
others are all kept in their place by a lever 33. As the carrier B which is
propelled by a cord H moves to the right the thread is caught in its jaw and
carried to about the centre of the fabric where it is met by a carrier B' advancing
from the opposite side, on the point of the carrier B' is a hook that enters the
jaw of the carrier B and from it receives the filling or weft and carries it across
the web. The carriers B B' are operated by cords H H from two drums J J'.
The drum J' being of lesser diameter than the drum J; the object of this is that
the carrier B will advance further than the carrier B so that when tho weft is
woven in single and has to be cut, it will be of sufficient length to cross the warp
threads. And whou single weft is being used we attach a spring to the end of
second carrier to prevent its dropping off the hook before it has passed all tho
warp threads. When weaving double as the carrier B' draws the filling or weft
to the selvage the swivel pushes the loop froin the hook of the carrier B onto the
loop pin which holds it until the warp threads close on it and it is pushed off
again by the reed the looped ends of the filling or weft will form a straight and
even selvage as shown Fig. 23.
The hook rests on the weft thread between the pin a' and the edge of the
selvage and should the thread break it falls by its own weight and causes the
lever g' to rise and engage with the lever which is pushed back by the beam
and acting on a bell crank lever causes the starting handle n' to be displaced and
the strap fork drawn opposite to the loose pulley, the loom is thus stopped before
a second weft thread is woven in and defects prevented.
When the filling or weft is woven in single (as shown Fig. 28) the loom
is provided with cutting shears T fixed on the left hand end of the breast beam.
These shears are so mounted as to cut the filling or weft close up to the warp
threads at the part fastened to the selvage and are operated as follows: As the
weft is raised by the finger the shears are depressed by a bell crank lever I con-
nected to a cam. The shears in this position, the thread of filling will lap around
the lower or fixed blade and when it is drawn to the centre of the cloth and the
carriers B B' have met and the filling has been transferred to the carrier B' the
shears are operated the long finger on the upper or moving blade presses all the
other threads out of the way so that only the proper one will be cut-As soon as

page_text: the weft is cut the shears are by the action of the cam and its attachments raised
as shown Fig. 13.
As the lay moves forward to beat up the filling a pin O on the lay acts on a
bent lever X and moves the shears T to the left out of the way of the reed and
as the lay recedes the shears are brought back to their previously described position
by the action of a spiral spring on the stud W. When the filling is to be
introduced single as above described, the receiving hook on carrier B¹ is made
with a steel spring covering the receiving hook as is shown in Fig. 29 this spring
cover will prevent the cut filling from leaving the hook until it is drawn through
the shed
The temple is oporated by the advancing lay beam coming in contact with the
lever 13 attached to it, the studs and 15 sliding in the curved slots of the
stand 16 cause the foot 11 to rise and thus draw the needle points from the cloth
and prevent the reed striking the foot. As the reed moves froin the cloth the
temple is moved back by a spring 17 to take a fresh hold of the cloth, and at the
next shot the filling or weft will be lapped round one of the spikes or pins in
the temple foot. This will continue at each shot of filling keeping the selvage on
the left hand side of the cloth to which it is attached straight (as shown Fig. 23)
Of course this device is only necessary when the weft is filled in double and then
takes the place on the breast beam occupied by the shears when the single weft
is used.
The inchanism for crossing the warp threads operates as follows-The warp
threads from yarn beam 23 are passed through the small centre eyes of the
heddles 21 and 22 and through the guide reed 20 The warp threads from the
yarn beam 2+ are passed through both heddle wires in the long eyes, through tho
eye of a neelo placed in a bar 17 and through the guide reed 20 a little in advance
of the bar 17, a thread from each beddle wire, and from one needle pass between
ench slit of the guide reed 20. The heddles have an up and down movement that
is one heddle is up one shot and down the next alternately, the needle guide bar
is up every shot but has a horizontal motion first on one side of the two binding
threads and then on the other the guides in this bar keeping the threads in proper
position as they are crossed (see Figs. 16 and 17)
This Invention as above described is used for weaving chenille filling but the
mechanism for inserting the weft double, and the temple may be used for weaving
Ingrain or Damask carpets and other fabrics in which a two ply filling or weft can
be used When using this Invention in weaving ingrain carpets the fingers will
be moved and controlled by the same Jacquard machine that operates the warp
threads. In weaving damask carpets where only two kinds of filling or weft is
required working pick and pick the two fingers will be worked by cains actuated
from any convenient part of the loom and instead of our selvage motion operating
on the looped ends of the filling a small shuttle carrying a selvage thread is passed
through the loops formed Instead of the carriers herein described for inserting the
weft yarn we nay when necessary or if desired introduce the weft yarn by means
of shuttle or shuttles without departing from the principle of the Invention of
Jacquard or loom described in the Specification.
Having now described the Invention and the mode communicated to us for
carrying the same into effect we wish it to be understood that what what wo
desire to protect under the herein before in part recited Letters Patent is
1st In a loom for weaving, the use of a Jacquard machine for controlling the
filling or weft fingers in which the trap board is divided into sections cach raised
in succession by a reciprocating lever and controlled by the action of a cylinder, or
chain, or hooks, attached to the sections while the cords are pushed onto the traps
by cards substantially as described and shown.
2nd. In Jacquard mechanism for looms the combination of card-cylinder B and
pattern-cylinder J, with the connecting mechanism for operating the card-
cylinder B, one card for each complete revolution of the pattern chain or cylinder J,
as shown and described, and for the purpose specified.

page_text: 3rd In a loom for weaving with single ply weft or filling, the combination of
two carriers B B' with a pair of shears and a mechanism to operate them
substantially as shown described and for the purpose specified.
4th In a loom for weaving with single ply weft or filling inserted by a carrier
or carriers a pair of shears mounted on a stud and operated by the movements of
the lay so that the filling may be cut close to the selvage and the shears removed
out of the way of the reed at each beat or a stroke of the lay substantially as
shown described and for the purpose specified
5th In a loom for weaving and inserting the weft or filling by a carrier or
carriers the combination of swinging frane M stop 3 spring N and a series of
filling fingers substantially as shown described and for the purpose specified
6th In a loom for weaving and inserting the weft or filling by a carrier or
carriers a series of filling fingers having a space cut in them at the point where the
filling pass in combination with a rest or tooth partially filling said space and upon
which tooth the filling threads rest when the fingers are down for the purpose of
causing friction on the filling threads as the lay and frame M move back
substantially as shown and described
7th In a loom for weaving and inserting the weft or filling by a carrier or
carriers the combination of guide board 26 clamping finger 27 connecting rod 28
guide board 29 and friction wire 30 substantially as shown, described and for the
purpose specified.
8th In a loon for weaving by inserting the weft or filling by carriers the
combination with the carrier B' of a selvage mechanism in which the end of the
weft is passed from the carrier onto a houk or pin a' which is capable of being
lowered clear of the carrier during its passage by a stationary incline acting on a
lever to which the hook is attached substantially as and for the purposes
described
9th In a loom for weaving by inserting the weft or filling by carriers the
combination with the selvage mechanism of a stop motion in which a hook resting
on the thread in case of breakage falls by its own weight and acting on a lever
hinged to its other end operates through suitable levers the strap fork which is
held in position by a spring substantially as described and shown.
10th In a loom for weaving by a filling carrier or carriers the combination of
temple foot 11 bar 12 studs 15 and d with stand 16 aud curved guide slot
substantially as shown described and for the purpose specified.
11th In a loom for cross weaving the heddles having heddle wires with long
eyes or slots under the centre eye in combination with a guide reed 20 and needle
bar 17 substantially as shown described and for the purposes specified.
In witness whereof I the said William Henry Smith for and on behalf of
myself and the said Edward Smith and the said John Smith have hereunto
set my hand and seal this Seventh day of June in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
WILLIAM HENRY SMITH. (LS.)