IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE SPRINGS
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Arthur East Holmes, of Derby, Carriage Builder,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE SPRINGS."
Sealed the 19th July 1861, and dated the 22nd January 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Arthur East Holmes
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 22nd January 1861.
I, ARTHUR EAST HOLMES, of Derby, Carriage Builder, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE SPRINGS," to
be as follows:-
My improvements refer to elliptical springs, and my Invention consists in
connecting the plates forming the ellipsis at one or both ends through a bow
or bows and loop or loops. The bow or bows may be formed of one or more
plates of iron or steel, or other suitable metal or material, and the loop or loops
may be made of leather, caoutchouc, webbing, or other like suitable material,
strengthened or not with metal, as may be required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Arthur East Holmes in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 22nd July 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ARTHUR
EAST HOLMES, of Derby, Carriage Builder, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of January, in the year of our

page_text: Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Arthur East Holmes, Her special licence that I, the said
Arthur East Holmes, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Arthur East Holmes, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the terin therein expressed. should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man. an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE SPRINGS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Arthur East Holmes, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Arthur East Holmes, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
that is to say:-
My improvements refer to elliptical springs, and my Invention consists in
connecting the plates forming the ellipsis at one or both ends through a how
or bows and loop or loops. The bow or bows may be formed of one or more
plates of iron or steel, or other suitable metal or material, and the loop or loops
may be made of leather, caoutchouc, webbing, or other like suitable material.
strengthened or not with metal, as may be required.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a side elevation of a carriage
spring constructed according to my Invention. a, a, are the plates forming
the spring, the lower plates a' are connected at one end, as shown, to a metal
bow b. This bow is formed of steel plates, and rises perpendicularly or
nearly so, and is connected at its upper end to the plates a, through the
suspending loop e.
Figure 2 is a view of a similar spring, in which the position of the how ?
is reversed, the plates a being connected at one end to the bow b, and the loop c
connecting the other end of the bow and the plates a'.
Figure 3 is a side elevation of a spring in which the plates a are connected
to a bow b, made of a single bar of wrought metal: the lower end of the bow is

page_text: connected to the plates a' by a loop ; in this case the bow and loop are shorter
than in the springs previously described.
Figure 4 is a view of a spring in which the bow is composed of plates of
steel, both ends of it being connected to the ends of the plates a and a', forming
the spring by loops, c.
Figure 5 is a side elevation of a spring similar in construction to those
previously described, in which the plates a are connected to the bow b, formed
of a single bar of wrought metal which is joined to the plates a', through a
link d, instead of a loop c, as before.
Figure 6 shows a similar spring, in which the bow formed of spring
plates is connected to the top and bottom plates composing the spring
through links d, d.
Figure 7 shows a spring with a brace e, from top to bottom of the
bow b. The brace has two ferrules secured in it to receive the ends of the
elliptical plates.
Figure 8 is a view of a similar spring fitted with a brace e, extending about
half along the under side of the elliptical plates a, and turned up to take the
bow b, which is secured to the plates a', as shown.
Figure 9 is a view of a similar spring with a like brace fitted to the lower
plates a', instead of to the upper plates a.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I do not limit myself' to
the particular arrangements herein-before described, as, for instance, the bows
may be formed of several plates of metal or of one thickness of wrought metal
only, or the bows may be in the form of a ring crossing the ends of the
ellipsis transversely, while, as before stated, the connecting loops or links may be
made of leather, caoutchouc, webbing, or other like suitable material, strength-
ened or not with metal. I claim, connecting the plates forming the ellipsis of
elliptical springs at one or both ends through a bow or bows and loop or
loops, or links or braces, substantially in manner herein-before described and
illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Arthur East Holmes, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of July, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-one.
ARTHUR EAST HOLMES.
L.S.)

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Arthur East Holmes, of Derby, Carriage Builder,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE SPRINGS."
Sealed the 19th July 1861, and dated the 22nd January 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Arthur East Holmes
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 22nd January 1861.
I, ARTHUB EAST HOLMES, of Derby, Carriage Builder, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE SPRINGS," to
be as follows:-
My improvements refer to elliptical springs, and my Invention consists in
connecting the plates forming the ellipsis at one or both ends through a bow
or bows and loop or loops. The bow or bows may be formed of one or more
plates of iron or steel, or other suitable metal or material, and the loop or loops
may be made of leather, caoutchouc, webbing, or other like suitable material,
strengthened or not with metal, as may be required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Arthur East Holmes in the Great Seal Patent Office. on.
the 22nd July 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ARTHUR
EAST HOLMES, of Derby, Carriage Builder, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of January, in the year of our

page_text: Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Arthur East Holmes, Her special licence that I, the said
Arthur East Holmes, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Arthur East Holmes, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should. at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE SPRINGS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Arthur East Holmes, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and scals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same, was to be performed,
and cause the same- to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Arthur East Holmes, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
that is to say :-
My improvements refer to elliptical springs, and my Invention consists in
connecting the plates forming the ellipsis at one or both ends through a bow
or bows and loop or loops. The bow or bows may be formed of one or more
plates of iron or steel, or other suitable metal or material, and the loop or loops
may be made of leather, caoutchouc, webbing, or other like suitable material,
strengthened or not with metal, as may be required.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a side elevation of a carriage
spring constructed according to my Invention. a, a', are the plates forming
the spring, the lower plates a' are connected at one end, as shown, to a metal
bow b. This bow is formed of steel plates, and rises perpendicularly or
nearly so, and is connected at its upper end to the plates a, through the
suspending loop c.
Figure 2 is a view of a similar spring, in which the position of the bow b
is reversed, the plates a being connected at one end to the bow b, and the loop c
connecting the other end of the bow and the plates a².
Figure 3 is a side elevation of a spring in which the plates a are connected
to a bow b, made of a single bar of wrought metal; the lower end of the bow is

page_text: connected to the plates a' by a loop c; in this case the bow and loop are shorter
than in the springs previously described.
Figure 4 is a view of a spring in which the bow is composed of plates of
steel, both ends of it being connected to the ends of the plates a and a', forming
the spring by loops c, c.
Figure 5 is a side elevation of a spring similar in construction to those
previously described, in which the plates a are connected to the bow b, formed
of a single bar of wrought metal which is joined to the plates a', through a
link d, instead of a loop c, as before.
bow formed of spring
bottom plates composing the spring
Figure 6 shows a similar spring, in which the
plates is connected to the top and
through links d, d.
Figure 7 shows a spring with a brace e, from top to bottom of the
bow b. The brace has two ferrules secured in it to receive the ends of the
elliptical plates.
Figure 8 is a view of a similar spring fitted with a brace e, extending about
half along the under side of the elliptical plates a, and turned up to take the
bow b, which is secured to the plates a', as shown.
Figure 9 is a view of a similar spring with a like brace fitted to the lower
plates a', instead of to the upper plates a.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I do not limit myself to
the particular arrangements herein-before described, as, for instance, the bows
may be formed of several plates of metal or of one thickness of wrought metal
only, or the bows may be in the form of a ring crossing the ends of the
ellipsis transversely, while, as before stated, the connecting loops or links may be
made of leather, caoutchouc, webbing, or other like suitable material, strength-
ened or not with metal. I claim, connecting the plates forming the ellipsis of
elliptical springs at one or both ends through a bow or bows and loop or
loops, or links or braces, substantially in manner herein-before described and
illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Arthur East Holmes, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of July, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-one.