Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Nov., 1886.
Complete Left, 10th Aug., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 13th Sept., 1887.
I EDMUND EDWARDS, of the firm of Edwards and Co., Patent Agents and
Engineers, of 35, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of this Invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to iron or steel ploughs, and has for its object novel methods
of construction, by varying which to some extent the plough can be readily made
applicable to any kind of soil.
In its first form the plough, which is provided with a beam and handles in the
usual way, has a set of large cutting knives arranged side by side behind the plough-
share at a sufficient distance apart, their lower ends being fixed to the ploughshare,
and their upper ends inclining back. The flat ploughshare is made about thirty eight
centimetres wide and cuts all roots at a considerable depth below the surface.
When the mould board is removed, this plough is very light in traction, and
cultivates the ground very evenly to any desired depth, leaving the soil in its place.
When arranged to cut at a greater depth than that to which the roots of the plants
penetrate, great advantage is obtained by the access thus afforded to air and moisture,
and the ease with which the roots can strike down to imbibe nourishment in dry
seasons. In this form a depth of 28 centimetres is easily reached and the cultivating
process is very effective as well as quick.
In the second form of arrangement, the cutting knives are made of less length, the
advantages obtained being similar to those already described, but the plough being
better suited to moderately heavy soils, and the average depth reached being about
twenty centimetres.

page_text: The third modification is especially adapted for heavy, stoney and dry soils. In it
the cutting knives are also made of less length, and the front extremity of the plough-
share is not made pointed, but with a small flat rectangular projection, with which a
depth of twenty centimetres is easily reached.
Where a mould board is used it is made of a shape varied in the usual way according
to the character of the ploughing which is to be done, and is bolted at one of its ends
to the bar which carries the ploughshare. A wooden bar provided with a groove or
recess fitting upon and bolted to the sole, marks out the furrow which is made by the
ploughshare. An iron bar is also fixed to the plough and provided with a series of
holes by which the mould boards are held and their position adjusted according to the
desired width of the furrow. The shape of the ploughshare may be varied according
to the character of the work which is to be done.
Dated this 10th day of November 1886
EDWARDS & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: I, EDMUND EDWARDS, of the firm of Edwards and Co., Patent Agents and
Engineers, of 35 Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying drawing (that is to say):-
This invention relates to iron or steel ploughs, and has for its object novel methods
of construction, by varying which to some extent the plough can be readily made
applicable to any kind of soil.
The accompanying drawing is in illustration of the invention.
In its first form (as shewn in figure 8), the plough, which is provided with a beam
and handles in the usual way, has a set of large cutting knives arranged side by side
behind the ploughshare at a sufficient distance apart, their lower ends being fixed to
the ploughshare, and their upper ends inclining back. The flat ploughshare is made
about thirty-eight centimetres wide and cuts all roots at a considerable depth below
the surface.
When the mouldboard is removed, this plough is very light in traction, and
cultivates the ground very evenly to any desired depth, leaving the soil in its place.
When arranged to cut at a greater depth than that to which the roots of the plants
penetrate, great advantage is obtained by the access thus afforded to air and moisture,
and the ease with which the roots can strike down to imbibe nourishment in dry
seasons. In this form a depth of 28 centimetres is easily reached and the cultivating
process is very effective as well as quick.
In the second form of arrangement (illustrated in figure 2 T), the cutting knives
are made of less length, the advantages obtained being nearly the same as those
already described, but the plough being better suited to moderately heavy soils, and
the average depth reached being about twenty centimetres.
The third modification (illustrated in figure 3* T) is especially adapted for heavy,
stoney, and dry soils. In it the cutting knives are also made of moderate length, and
the front extremity of the ploughshare is not made pointed, but with a small flat
rectangular projection, with which a depth of twenty centimetres is easily reached.
In the plough shewn in figure 1, A is the beam, B are the handles, C the right side,
D the coulter, and E the knives.
Where a mould board is used it is made of a shape varied in the usual way
according to the character of the ploughing which is to be done. In figure 1 (and

page_text: separately in figure 3a) it is of. galvanized sheet metal, and is shewn bolted at A A,
near one of its ends to the bar which carries the ploughshare. This form is useful for
all kinds of land, but especially for sandy soils.
Figure 3 shews a board of different shape, more suitable for heavy lands.
A wooden bar (shewn in figure 4) provided with a groove or recess fitting upon and
bolted to the sole, marks out the furrow which is made by the ploughshare. An iron
bar (figure 5) is also fixed to the plough and provided with a series of holes by which
the mould boards are held and their position adjusted according to the desired width
of the furrow. The shape of the ploughshare may be varied according to the character
of the work which is to be done.
Figure 6 shews a plan of one suitable for general work.
Figure 7 shews the same provided with knives. 3, s are plans of ploughshares of
different shapes for different kinds of work.
Figure 8, shews a complete plough with mould boards, consisting of the plough-
share in figure 1, in which the parts shewn in figures 3ª, 3, 4, 6, 7, and 8, may be
used when advisable.
The plough shewn in figure 8, is the same as that in figure 1, but modified for
general agricultural purposes.
Figures 1er T, 2T, and 3° T shew the combined ploughshares and knives of different
forms.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
The novel construction of Ploughs, substantially as described and shewn in the
drawing.
Dated this 10th day of Anos 1987