IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING.
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Schofield, of the Firm of Schofield,' Kirk, and
Marshall, of Huddersfield, in the County of York, Machine Makers, for
the invention of
IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR WEAVING.
Sealed the 29th August 1862, and dated the 3rd March 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Schofield at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd.
March 1862.
I, JOSEPH SCHOFIELD, of the Firm of Schofield, Kirk, and Marshall, of
Huddersfield, in the County of York, Machine Makers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to means of letting-off or delivering the warp from
the warp beam as the weaving proceeds, and consists in applying and
arranging apparatus in such manner as to maintain uniformity of tension on
the warp threads, and only to let off, deliver, or supply the said warp as it is
taken up or drawn forwards by the introduction to the shed of the weft threads,
and by the beat up of the lay or batten; consequently, if there is no shoot of
weft in the shed when a pick is made, and when the lay beats up there will
bo no letting off from the warp beam. This is effected as follows:-A spur

page_text: wheel is fixed on the warp beam, which gears with a pinion attached to a
ratchet wheel, supported on a stud fixed to the loom end. A double catch or
escapement lever is hinged on another stud fixed to the loom end, and con-
nected by a rod to the ordinary weighted lever, which supports the roller over
which the warp passes from the beam, so that when the warp or the roller
over which it passes is drawn forward to extent of one tooth of the ratchet
wheel, one end of the escapement catch is lifted, and allows or admits the
warp to be delivered as required, the other end of the escapement preventing
slipping thereof by taking into the ratchet for the time being until the weighted
lever brings the roller back to its former position.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Schofield in the Great Scal Patent Office on the
3rd September 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPп
SCHOFIELD, of the Firm of Schofield, Kirk, and Marshall, of Huddersfield, in
the County of York, Machine Makers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Joseph Schofield, Her special license that I, the said Joseph Schofield,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph
Schofield, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands; and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING,"
upon the condition, amongst others, that I, the said Joseph Schofield, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Schofield, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,

page_text: to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
(that is to say)
This Invention relates to means of letting-off or delivering the warp from
the warp beam as the weaving proceeds, and consists in applying and
arranging apparatus in such manner as to maintain uniformity of tension on
the warp threads, and only to let off, deliver, or supply the said warp as it is
taken up or drawn forwards by the introduction into the shed of the weft
threads, and by the beat up of the lay or batten; consequently, if there is no
shoot of weft in the shed when a pick is made, and when the lay beats up
there will be no letting-off from the warp beam. This is effected as follows:-
A spur wheel is fixed on the warp beam which gears with a pinion attached
to a ratchet wheel, supported on a stud fixed to the loom end. A double catch
or escapement lever is hinged on another stud fixed to the loom end, and
connected by a rod to the ordinary weighted lever, which supports the roller
over which the warp passes from the beam, so that when the warp or the
roller over which it passes is drawn forward to the extent of one half tooth of
the ratchet wheel one end of the escapement catch is lifted, and allows or
admits the warp to be delivered as required, the other end of the escapement
preventing slipping thereof by taking into the ratchet for the time being until
the weighted lever brings the roller back to its former position.
In order that my said Invention may be clearly understood, I have given.
reference to an accompanying Sheet of Drawings, which represents a cross
section of a woollen loom, or such parts thereof as are necessary to shew the
application of my improvements.
A is the warp beam; B, the roller over which the warp passes to the breast
beam C; and D is the cloth beam, which is operated by any usual taking-up.
motion; E is the lay or batten suspended on arms F, and operated by the
crank shaft G. The roller B is supported in one arm of a bell-crank lever H,
to the other arm of which a rod I depends, and is connected to the ordinary
weighted lever J for applying tension upon the warp; all which parts are as
usual in this class of loom.
My improvements are as follows:-On the warp beam A I fix a spur
wheel K, which gears with a carrier or intermediate pinion L, cast with or
fixed to a wheel L', which gears with another pinion M, fixed to a ratchet
wheel N, supported on a stud fixed to the loom end. P is the double catch
or escapement lever hinged on a stud fixed to the loom end, and which is
connected by a rod R to the lever H. It will be observed that the fork p' of
this catch P takes into the teeth of the ratchet wheel N, and prevents rotation
thereof by the pressure of the weighted lever thereon, but as the weft is intro-

page_text: duced into the shed and on. the beat up of the lay or batten, and the cloth
being taken up by the beam D the roller B will be drawn forward towards the
breast beam, causing the lever H to lift the fork p' of the lever P out from
the teeth of the ratchet wheel, and thus release the said ratchet, allowing the
warp roller to turn to the extent of half a tooth, when the other fork p² will
enter the teeth of the ratchet, and prevent further rotation until the pressure
of the weighted lever again brings the fork p' into gear with the ratchet, and
at the same time lifting the fork p³, thereby again releasing the ratehet to the
extent of another half tooth, and so on, alternately oscillating the lever P, and
thereby letting off the warp as required, according to the introduction of the
weft into the shed, but if there be no weft introduced, and although the loom
may continue to run, yet there will be no action of the escapement, and
consequently no letting-off or delivery from the warp beam.
Having thus fully described the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is or may be performed, I would have it under-
stood that I do not confine myself to the precise details of construction and
arrangement of the parts or apparatus, as herein set forth; but what I claim
as of my Invention, and which I believe to be new within this realm is, the
application and use of an escapement lever and ratchet wheel, in manner and
for purposes substantially as herein described and illustrated by the accom-
panying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Schofield, have hereunto set my
hand and seal this First day of September, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-two.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named Joseph Schofield in
the presence of
W. TASKER,
: Patent Agent,
JOSEPH SCHOFIELD. (L.S.)
Halifax.