matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVED CIGAR HOLDER AND ASH PAN COMBINED
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James George Meyers at the Office
" AN
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd December 1879.
JAMES GEORGE MEYERS, of 3, Albert Road, Regent's Park, Gentleman.
IMPROVED CIGAR HOLDER AND ASH PAN COMBINED."
This Invention consists of an oblong or other suitably shaped ash pan, the sides
of which I propose to turn over inwardly, leaving a space between same for the ash
to pass through, thus preventing it from falling out in the event of the pan being
upset. At or near one end of the said pan I fix a clip or holder for the purpose of
grasping or holding the cigar. This chip may either be an ordinary automatic
spring or of other suitable construction. To the aforesaid pan I propose to fix a
handle for the convenience of lifting; this handle may be formed hollow so as to
form a receptable for matches. To the bottom of the said ash-pan I fix feet, or
it may have projections in order that it may not stand flat on the furniture.
The cigar holder and pan of the above construction are used in the following
manner, viz.-When a cigar is lighted instead of having to place it on the table or
other piece of furniture (for instance when playing at cards or when the hands are
otherwise employed) it is pressed or placed in the aforesaid clip or holder, and it
will thus be seen that the cigar is not only supported, but that any ash falling
therefrom drops into the aforesaid pan instead of on to the furniture or carpet.
The cigar may be smoked when in the clip or holder by simply lifting the pan up
to the mouth.
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COOLING BUTTER OR OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Emil Tuteur at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th June 1879.
EMIL TUTKUB, of 34, Basinghall Street, in the City of London.
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COOLING BUTTER OR OTHER SUBSTANCES."
"IMPROVE-
My Invention consists of two cylinders made of sheet metal, glass, or other
suitable material, placed one within the other and fitted with a bottom plate. The
space between the two cylinders is filled or partly filled with cold water, ice, or
other suitable cooling medium. Inside the inner cylinder slides up and down a
frame fitted with shelves upon which the butter or other substance to be cooled is
placed. The top of this frame is provided with a lid, which lid when the frame is
pushed down inside the inner cylinder fits over and closes the apparatus. It will
be thoroughly well understood that instead of the apparatus being made of a
cylindrical shape it can be made square, hexagonal, or of any other suitable form
or shape.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS APPARATUS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Chandler, senior, Samuel
Chandler, junior, and Josiah Chandler, at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents on the 7th October 1879.
SAMUEL CHANDLER, senior, SAMUEL CHANDLER, junior, and JOSIAH CHANDLER,
all of No. 104, Newington Causeway, in the County of Surrey, Gas Engineers.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS APPARATUS."
This Invention sets forth with the purpose of breaking up and dealing with
coal gas in such a manner as to arrest the tarry matter as well as wash out the
ammonia with other impurities peculiar to gas.
It consists of an indefinite number of wooden plates, by preference circular,
although they may be made of any other shape or of any other material, perforated
either with holes or slots over the whole face, and about an inch apart perhaps
more or less as may be expedient. These plates have each a hole in the centre just
and only large enough to pass the shaft through.
The relative position of the plates when on the shaft is that there shall be a
space of about an eighth of an inch or more, if necessity arise, between each, and the
slots or holes shall on each alternate plate be opposite so as to prevent the gas
taking a direct course through the perforations.
When thus in position, or before, in order to ensure that no gas escapes through
and from the edges or peripheries they are entirely and permanently enclosed on
the circumference.
Several of these placed in a tank suitable for the purpose, and rotating on a
shaft by means of some motor through the water or liquor, would wash out the
impurities named.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EMBOSSING AND PRINTING ROLLS AND MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR CONSTRUCTING THEM
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark Loe at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd November 1879.
WILLIAM CLARK LOE, of No. 54, Lyndhurst Road, Peckham, in the County of
Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN EMBOSSING AND PRINTING ROLLS AND MEANS AND
APPARATUS FOR CONSTRUCTING THEM."
My Invention relates to the construction of rolls for embossing plastic materials,
such as leather or imitation leather fabrics, or for printing fabrics, my chief object
being to obtain on such rolls a perfect and continuous pattern without joint marks,
and particularly to obtain a correct counterpart of natural marks, such as the
wrinkles of leather to be reproduced on imitation fabrics. For this purpose I take
on a plane surface of shellac or other suitable material an impress of the pattern to
be produced, for example, from a skin of morocco. I then from this plane impress
take an impress on a cylindrical surface of papier maché or other somewhat
yielding and hardening material, care being taken that the circumference of this
cylinder is such as to take a complete pattern and no more so that the last part of
the impress after a complete round of the cylinder exactly meets and corresponds
with the first part thereof. I then from this external cylindrical impress obtain an
impress on the internal surface of the cylinder, lined with suitable yielding and
hardening material, care being taken that the internal circumference of this
cylinder is an exact multiple, such as double or triple of the circumference which
has the pattern on its external surface. In some cases I dispense with those steps
of the process which consist in taking the plane and external cylindrical impresses
by placing the fabric or pattern to be copied within a cylindrical mould as a lining
thereof. The internal cylindrical surface after being thus impressed or lined is
carefully coated with conducting material, and the cylinder being immersed in an
electrolytic bath, a shell of metal is electrically deposited on its internal surface.
When this shell has been deposited to the desired thickness, the mould or cylinder
is removed from it, for which purpose it may be made in segments capable of being
taken apart. The deposited metallic shell is then mounted on an iron core truly
with the axis thereof, and this core being made smaller than the interior of the
shell, the annular space between it and the shell is filled up with fused sulphur or
other suitable cement. To make sure that when the roll is used the shell shall
revolve with the core, it is of advantage to corrugate the latter or make inequalities
on its surface, which the sulphur or cement will fill up. Also in order to retain
the sulphur and the shell firmly in their place, a metal disc is bolted on to each
end of the roll, which is thereupon ready for use in embossing or printing so as to
reproduce on the material treated an exact copy of the desired pattern.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO SADDLES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Mason, Rowland Mason,
Edward King Mason, and Thomas Jones at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents on the 1st May 1879.
DANIEL MASON, ROWLAND MASON, and EDWARD KING MASON, trading as D.
Mason and Sons, and THOMAS JONES, all of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick. " AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO SADDLES."
This Invention relates to improved means to be applied to or in connection with
saddles or girth straps for the purpose of rendering the latter self adjusting to the
horse or other animal, and of keeping them at an uniform tension or pressure around
the body of the horse so as to prevent as much as possible the breaking of the girth
straps and the slipping of the saddle round the horse's body.
To obtain these and other advantages herein-after referred to we secure to the
saddle tree a metal plate or other equivalent means, carrying or provided with one
or more coiled, spiral, elliptical, or other springs, the springs being preferably con-
tained within and protected by a socket forming part of or secured to the metal
or base plate, which may be secured to the saddle-tree by screws, nails, or
otherwise.
.
The outer end of the spring or springs is hooked or is provided with a buckle or
is otherwise suitably connected with the girth strap, which is passed under and
around the horse's body, and is buckled up as usual.
The utility of the above described improved self-adjusting means is then apparent
in keeping the girth self-adjusting to the varying size of the horse's body, as it
obviates the usual constant altering of the buckle and strap, as at present has to be
done when the horse has eaten undressed food, such as grass, after which the stomach
distends, or when the horse has been suddenly aroused with leaping, or is
affrighted.
A further great advantage is that the seat of the rider is rendered firmer, and the
tendency of the saddle (especially those used by ladies, in which the weight or
pressure is all on one side) to slip around and get displaced by the action of the
rider is greatly lessened, the girth adjusting itself to the varying circumference of
the horse's body, and having no tendency to slip when the circumference thereof is
reduced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Sir James Anderson, Knight, and Francis Strudwick
Harwood, both of 66, Old Broad Street, in the City of London, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS.”
Dealed the 5th March 1880, and dated the 13th December 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Sir James Anderson, Knight,
and Francis Strudwick Harwood at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents
on the 13th December 1879.
Sir JAMES ANDERSON, Knight, and FRANCIS STRUDWICK HARWOOD, both of
666, Old Broad Street, in the City of London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC
TELEGRAPHS."
"
Our Invention has mainly for its object to increase the speed of signalling
through submarine telegraph cables and covered land lines when working "duplex'
(ie., in opposite directions simultaneously), although part of the Invention may
also be used to facilitate "simplex" working, that is working in one direction
only.
We attain this object when working duplex,-
First. By applying that pole of the battery required for the signal to be made
through a suitable key direct to the cable itself without the intervention of any
resistance coils.
雪味
Second. By providing for perfectly neutralizing or wiping out the effects of
induction in the cable by applying to it after each signal an induced current of the
opposite sign, graduated to be of exactly the same potential and duration as the
induced or
"return" current that is set up in the cable by the application of
the currents of the signalling battery.
Third. By avoiding the use between the signalling battery and the cable in
sending, or between the cable and the receiving instrument in receiving, of any
resistance coils in a position to cause retardation to the signals by passing the
signalling currents through them.

page_text: To obtain these several results we substitute for the resistance coils forming
what is known as the "fork" a pair of condensers or accumulators suitably
adjusted and coupled, one plate or side of one condenser or accumulator being
connected to the artificial line or cable, and the same side or plate of the other
condenser or accumulator to the true line or cable, whilst the other sides or plates
of both condensers are coupled together and through the receiving instrument to
carth.
The artificial cable at the sending of each signal is connected to one pole of the
sending battery, whilst the true line wire or cable is connected to the opposite pole
of the battery, and after each signal the artificial cable is discharged into the real
cable.
We also claim for this Invention the advantage of better preserving the con-
stancy of the signalling system by dispensing with all resistances where most
sensitive to the variations of temperature, also that when signals are required to be
sent in one way only the apparatus for "duplex" preserves the best possible
arrangement for "simplex," and no changes are required to be made in it or in the
disposition of it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR DRESS BELTS, GARTERS, STRAPS, AND OTHER ARTICLES."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Boultbee Brooks at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th August 1879.
"
JOHN BOULTBEE BROOKS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer. IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR DRESS BELTS, GARTERS, STRAPS,
AND OTHER ARTICLES."
My Invention consists in constructing and arranging in the manner herein after
described the parts of fastenings for dress.belts, garters, straps, and other articles.
I will describe my Invention as applied to a dress belt. One end of the strap or
band forming the belt is pierced with a series of holes in the ordinary way, and the
other end of the band may be provided with a loop through which the pierced end
or ends having the holes is passed. The pierced end of the strap is fixed in the
position to which it has been adjusted in the following manner :-At a short
distance from the end of the strap having the loop and on the front or outer side of
the strap, the stem of a solitaire is fixed, and at the back or inner side of the said
strap and immediately behind the stem of the solitaire a short flexible strap is fixed.
The free or loose end of this short strap carries the body of the solitaire. The stem
of the solitaire and the fixed end of the short strap may be connected to the belt by
eyeletting, and the body of the solitaire may be fixed to the loose end of the short
strap by eyeletting. I do not however confine myself to any particular method of
attaching the two parts of the solitaire to the belt and short strap respectively.
In using the fastening the pierced end of the strap is passed through the loop at
the other end to the required distance. The hole nearest the stem of the solitaire
is passed on to the said stem, and the body of the solitaire is put upon the said
stem and pressed thereon until it snaps and fastens itself thereon. The fastening
is now complete. In order to unfasten the belt, the pushers of the solitaire are
pressed upon by the thumb and finger. The body of the solitaire can now be
withdrawn from the stem, and the strap is free to be raised from off the stem and
the two ends of the belt separated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WARP- BEAM REGULATORS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th June 1879. A communication from
Ernst Nicolaus Fries, of Greiz, in the Empire of Germany.
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Solictors, at
Frankfort on the Main, in the Empire of Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WARP-
BEAM REGULATORS." [A communication from Ernst Nicolaus Fries, of Greiz, in
the Empire of Germany.]
This Invention relates to a regulating apparatus for warp-beams by means of
which the warp is held uniformly tight during the movements of the temple,
whether it opens widely or not, the warp being held uniformly tight until the
temple returns to its place, breakage of threads being thus avoided.
In carrying the said Invention into practice a toothed wheel or ring gears with
a screw thread cut on a spindle and is attached to the warp-beam; the said spindle
is carried in two journals movably attached to two frames.
In power looms the warp beam receives its forward movement which effects the
turning of the toothed wheel, and thus lifts the aforesaid spindle. To the upper
part of this spindle is attached a feather, fitting into a groove in a wheel, allowing
the spindle to pass up and down within the said wheel, but at the same time
causing a rotatory movement to be mutual. To the top of the said spindle there
is attached a pivoted bent or two armed lever; as the spindle rises, the end of the
lever in connection therewith is carried upward, and the other end moves forward
or inward, the lever working on the pivot. A one-armed lever is moveably
attached to a frame, the said lever being attached to the aforesaid bent lever by
means of a rod, the latter being provided with regulating holes, thus the movement
of the bent lever is transmitted to the one-armed lever which is drawn forward;
to the one-armed lever there is attached a nose against which a second two-armed
pivotted lever rests. As the one-armed lever moves forward, the upper end of the
last named two-armed lever drawn by a spring follows in the same direction, its
lower end moving in the opposite direction, and is thrown back to its former place
by coming in contact with the main crank of the loom. To the upper end of the
said second two-armed lever a rod is movably attached by means of a pivot. This
rod is attached to a ring situated on the top of the aforesaid wheel, which has a groove

page_text: for a feather, by a set of regulating holes and a suitable pin; to the other side of
the said ring is attached by a pivot a pawl gearing into the teeth of the last named
wheel, and turning the same upon the motion having been imparted to the second
two-armed lever as herein before described.
To the lower end of the aforesaid spindle is attached an angular piece with an 5
arm upon which rest the counterweight levers of the loom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BELL GLASSES FOR HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th July 1879. A communication
from abroad by Alexandre Magloire Bectard, of Saints (Seine et Marne),
France, Gardener.
"
WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, London, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent. IMPROVEMENTS IN BELL GLASSES FOR
HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES." A communication from abroad by Alexandre Magloire
Bectard, of Saints (Seine et Marne), France, Gardener..
This Invention relates to a novel glass bell for the cultivation and ripening of
fruit.
For espaliers exposed from the east to the west passing by the south, the
improved fruit bell is made of coloured glass, but white glass is used for other
aspects, the bell is of a cylindrical form and usually of from about 7 inches in
height by about 5 inches in diameter.
The bell is suspended. by a piece of wire attached to a knob or stud at its
top.
"A longitudinal slot or opening of, say, a little more than an inch broad, and ex-
tending up to the knob or stud, remains open for the introduction of fruit into the
bell.
Another small flattened stud or projection of about an inch is placed like a foot
facing the slot for the purpose of holding the bottom.
The bottom is composed of a plate, preferably of zinc, of the same dimensions
as the orifice and the slot; it is provided with holes to give passage to the
necessary air, and another hole of a size to receive the aforesaid foot shaped stud or
projection.
This bottom being turned so that the plate closes all the outlets, the upper part
being secured to the knob or projection placed at the top of the bell by means of a
piece of wire constitutes the entire apparatus for grapes.
For pears, a bell is used differing from the preceding, in that the slot does not
extend as far as the knob but only to the top of the bell, and that the bell widens.
out at the bottom with a curved lip, the ordinary dimensions being, say, 5 inches
in height and but a fraction less in diameter.
For peaches and apricots this improved fruit bell will usually be about 4 inches
in height and in diameter.

page_text: Figure 1 represents a fruit bell for grapes.
Figure 2, the plate with bottom of the bell.
Figure 3, the bell sheltering a bunch of grapes in flower, and
Figure 4 represents the bunch of grapes having attained its normal size, to
which at the moment when maturity or ripeness begins will be added the bottom,
Figure 2, which by closing all the outlets of the bell will preserve the fruit from
all attacks whether of birds or of inclemency of weather, which is the object of
this Invention.
The Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8 show the pear fruit bell at every epoch of the vege-
tation of the pear.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LADIES' DRESS SUSPENDERS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Thomas Thorpe and Thomas
Emmanuel Rigby at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
1st December 1879.
JOHN THOMAS THORPE and THOMAS EMMANUEL RIGBY, both of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster. 'IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LADIES' DRESS
SUSPENDERS."
•
"
Our Invention consists principally of a dress suspender formed by the combination
of a clip with a tilting bar. The bar is attached at each end to a cord, and these
cords pass through two holes in the clip and are united into one above the same.
The clip is so formed that the bar can be drawn up into it by pulling the cord,
the latter being drawn through the holes in the clip, and the width of the bar is
such that when inside the clip it cannot be tilted or turned round.
The part of the dress to be suspended is drawn over the bar between the cords,
and pulled edgewise up into the clip which then holds it securely. Any pull upon
the dress has a tendency to tilt or turn the bar inside the clip, thus causing it to
tighten its grip.
Upon taking hold, however, of both sides of the fold of the dress the bar can be
drawn out of the clip again edgewise, and thus released.
The form of the clip may be varied to a considerable extent provided it is so
arranged that the bar can be moved in or out edgewise, but that the weight of the
dress or any ordinary pull has a tendency to turn the bar inside the clip, and thus
to tighten its grip.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING ANIMAL MATTER BY CAUSTIC LIXIVIATION FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF LIQUID AMMONIA OR SALTS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Duquaire at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th October 1879.
HENRI DUQUAIRE, of Lyons, 17, Rue de la Republique, in the Republic of France.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING ANIMAL MATTER BY CAUSTIC LIXIVIATION FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF LIQUID AMMONIA OR SALTS."
The improvements relate to the caustic treatment of waste animal matter,
especially woollen rags, for the manufacture of liquid ammonia or of ammoniacal
salts. In treating half woollen rags for paper making the inventor has already
used a method of captivating and utilizing the ammoniacal gases and vapours
arising from the decomposition of wool. Since then he has found out that a much
better result is obtained by substituting to the ordinary water used for this
lixiviation nitrous or ammoniacal liquids, such as gas water or urine, thereby
operating simultaneously upon several sources of ammonia. These two liquids may
be applied alternately or simultaneously, if desirable; for instance, in smali
localities, where each alone could not easily be found in sufficient quantity. The
said process may be carried out by means of the apparatus usually applied for
treating gas water, but where the rags are not sufficiently loose the lixiviator
should be provided with a stirrer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR PREPARATORY TO ELECTRO PLATING
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Hermann Krupp, of Vienna, Austria, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR PREPARATORY TO ELECTRO PLATING."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Hermann Krupp at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th April 1879.
HERMANN KRUPP, of Vienna, Austria. "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR PREPARATORY
TO ELECTRO PLATING."
Heretofore it has been usual to employ a composition of nickel, copper, and zinc
for spoons and other articles which are to be electro plated. This composition has
a colour more or less different from silver, and as the silver coating wears off in
places the composition appears. In order to reduce this disadvantage as much as
possible I employ a "nickel silver" manufactured as follows:-
The goods, which are made of a (a material containing nickel), and 6 (the goods
which are made of a material not containing nickel) are by the galvanic process
coated with a coating of nickel. They are then coated by the galvanic process with
a coating of chemically pure silver, and then polished. I thus produce goods of a
much greater durability than those silver plated in the usual manner at the same
expense.
In order to ensure the not heretofore attained solid union between the nickel
coating and the silver coating I dip the nickel coated articles in a copper
solution suitable for galvanic copper coating before I apply the silver coating; this
forms an integral part of my Invention.
I do not intend applying my improvements to articles made of materials not
containing nickel, although I have mentioned that my Invention is applicable to
such, but the best mode of carrying my Invention into effect is by applying it to
articles made of a material containing nickel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TIN AND TERNE PLATES AND GAL- VANIZED SHEETS."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Leyshon at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th June 1879.
GEORGE LEYSHON, of Tividale, near Tipton, in the County of Stafford, Tinner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TIN AND TERNE PLATES AND GAL-
VANIZED SHEETS."
"
The improvements relate to that part of the operation known as
"black
pickling," which consists in preparing the sheets by removing the oxide or scale
from the surface previous to tinning or galvanizing them, and relate also to a
method of annealing the sheets. A sheet to be acted upon is first passed through
a pair of plain rolls, the top roll of which is continually wetted with weak muriatic
acid flowing from a trough above, and the bottom roll is wetted by running
partially submerged in a trough of the same acid. The sheet is thus wetted by the
acid over its whole surface, and is then carried by endless chains through a furnace,
where it is heated and annealed, and is afterwards delivered by the endless chains
through a pair of rolls corrugated lengthwise, which crimp the sheet and thus
reinove the scale from the surface of the sheet. As the sheet leaves the crimping
rolls it passes through a pair of plain rolls which flatten the sheet and give a
surface thereto. For tin and terne plates the sheets are subjected to further rolling
in the ordinary planishing rolls, and are afterwards annealed in the usual manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WOOD-PAVED ROADWAYS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Wheeler at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th March 1879.
JOSEPH WHEELER, of 42, Bankside, Southwark, in the County of Surrey,
Contractor. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WOOD-PAVED ROADWAYS."
My Invention is designed to produce a solid roadway, which shall give a good
foothold to horses and wear evenly.
For this purpose, over a concrete bottom or foundation formed to the required
curve or rounding and allowed to harden, I lay a thin layer, bed, or stratum of fine
concrete, on which, before it has set, I place wooden blocks (preferably narrow
blocks), chamfered at their lower sides and ends, and in some cases also at their
upper sides. These blocks I ram into the upper layer, bed, or stratum of fine
concrete until they bear on the solid foundation or bed of concrete below.
The fine concrete of the upper layer, bed, or stratum is thus forced up between
the blocks, and becoming hardened, binds and holds the chamfered blocks in their
places.
Their upper surfaces may be grouted in the usual manner with lime and sand or
A NEW OR IMPROVED MATERIAL FOR TRIMMINGS FOR ARTICLES OF DRESS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacob Steiger at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th February 1879.
JACOB STEIGER, of the Firm of Steiger and Company, of Herisan, Switzerland.
"A NEW OR IMPROVED MATERIAL FOR TRIMMINGS FOR ARTICLES OF DRESS."
This Invention consists in combining lace and embroidery in such a way as to
produce an elegant trimming for articles of dress. In order to effect this the
embroidery is made without an overcast edge, but having the edge terminating
with the pattern with any desired scollop. The lace edging which is intended to
be combined with the embroidery is made with its inner edge scolloped, or of the
same form as the outer edge of the embroidery, so as to correspond and fit into or
on to the scollops or form on the edge of the embroidery. The lace is preferably
manufactured with small loops thereon in order to attach it to the embroidery.
The lace is also made of a pattern which will harmonize with the pattern of the
embroidery. By combining lace and embroidery as described the former will set
perfectly flat on both sides, and appear like one marterial, whatever may be the
shape of the scollop or outer edge on the embroidery.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS TO FACILITATE THE WITHDRAWAL OF VARIOUS DRY GOODS OR MATERIALS FROM CANISTERS AND OTHER RECEPTACLES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Howse and Warren Thompson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd July 1879.
HENRY HOWSE, of Upper Clapton, and WARREN THOMPSON, of De Beauvoir
Town, both in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS TO FACILITATE
THE WITHDRAWAL OF VARIOUS DRY GOODS OR MATERIALS FROM CANISTERS AND
OTHER RECEPTACLES."
The Invention has for its object improvements in means to facilitate the with-
drawal of various dry goods or materials from canisters and other receptacles. For
this purpose we form an opening or passage in the lower part of the canister or
receptacle; this opening or passage is enclosed on its back, bottom, and sides, and
for a certain distance at the top adjoining the front, whilst it is open at the back
part to the contents of the canister or receptacle. This latter opening is so
proportioned to the character of the goods or materials contained in the canister or
receptacle that although the contents of the latter can fall into the first mentioned
opening or passage, they cannot fall out therefrom, but will assume a greater or less
angle within said opening or passage according to the character of such contents.
The floor of the opening or passage in some cases is serrated, undulated, or
roughened to prevent the escape of the goods or materials therefrom.
Into this opening or passage we fit a sliding tray or drawer, one portion of which
(that nearest the handle) may be provided with a cover, whilst the further end is
formed to act as a scoop, fitting the sides and bottom of the opening or passage in
which it slides, but open at the top.
Thus the contents of the canister or other receptacle will be entirely enclosed
when the tray or drawer is in position, but a portion of such contents will be
contained in the scoop ready to be withdrawn when required, whilst in the absence
of the tray or drawer from the canister or receptacle the goods or materials will be
prevented escaping from the latter by resting on the bottom of the opening
or passage for the tray or drawer, and assuming an angle therein as before
described.
If desired the tray or drawer when a part thereof is covered may be used as a
measure.
MENTS IN MARKING OR PRINTING ON SPOOLS OR BOBBINS AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Bash and Henry Levy at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th February 1879.
"
SAMUEL BASH, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Machinist,
IMPROVE-
and HENRY LEVY, of Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex, Merchant.
MENTS IN MARKING OR PRINTING ON SPOOLS OR BOBBINS AND IN APPARATUS
THEREFOR."
This Invention has for its object an improved mode of putting names, descrip-
tions, trademarks, ornamental devices, or other markings, in an improved,
economical, and durable manner, on spools or bobbins used for holding sewing
thread or other thread or yarn of cotton, silk, wool, or other fibrous material.
The Invention relates mainly to the application of markings or printings to the
barrels of the spools or bobbins and consists in effecting such application by a
process of direct printing on the wood or other material of the spool or bobbin,
instead of gumming or otherwise attaching thereto separately printed labels. In
carrying out the Invention the printing sueface may be flat or in the form of a
roller, and it may be of wood, metal, rubber, or other suitable material, the
devices to be printed being in relief on it. According to one modification a flat
printing surface or block is fixed with its face upwards or outwards to a table or
other convenient support, and the spool or bobbin is rolled over it, being held on a
spindle or between centres which may be fitted to a handle to be moved by hand
or to a slide or wheel moved by gearing. According to another modification a
spindle or pair of centres for holding the spool or bobbin is attached to a table or
other support and the flat printing block is moved over or against it, so as to
make the spool or bobbin rotate in rolling contact. When a roller printing
surface is employed it is carried in a frame and is made to rotate by means of a
treadle or any suitable motor, and the spool or bobbin held on a spindle or between
centres is moved into contact with the printing roller, and this roller turns the
spool or bobbin and at the same time prints it. In some cases the centres for
holding the spool or bobbin whilst allowing it to rotate freely may be formed on
thimbles to be placed on the fingers of the operator.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAINTS OR COLORING MATTERS FOR PAINTING OR PRINTING
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard John Cunnack and William
Argall at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st January
1879.
RICHARD JOHN CUNNACK, of Helston, in the County of Cornwall, and WILLIAM
ARGALL, of Breage, in the same County. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF PAINTS OR COLORING MATTERS FOR PAINTING OR PRINTING."
This Invention relates to the use of kaolin or china clay as a base upon
which to precipitate colouring matters, so as to form pigments for painting or
printing.
We first saturate the clay with a solution of one of the ingredients after the
manner of a mordant, and then add a solution of the other ingredient, so as to
precipitate the colouring matter on the body of the clay. A uniform tint is thus
obtained throughout the mass.
To deepen or alter the shade of the colour we vary the proportions or repeat
the process as often as may be necessary, and occasionally we expose the clay
mixture to the action of air or to heat till the desired colours are obtained.
For instance, we saturate the clay with a solution of a salt of iron, or with
solutions of salts of iron and manganese, and precipitate the oxides by adding
an alkaline solution. The whole is then washed and exposed to the air or
heated with access of air till the desired shade of yellow, red, or brown is
obtained.
Or the clay saturated with a solution of the metallic salts is at once exposed
to air or heat till the oxides are precipitated by the decomposition of the
salts.
For blue colours we saturate the clay with a solution of any per or proto salt of
iron, and then add a solution of ferro or ferri cyanide of potassium, or we saturate
the clay with a solution of white indigo and then expose it to the air.
For yellow we employ solutions of a salt of lead and chromate or bichromate of
potash, or we precipitate any of the ordinary vegetable infusions.
For green we employ a mixture of blue and yellow precipitated by successive
operations as described, or we saturate the clay with a solution of a salt of copper
and expose it to the air or precipitate it with an alkaline carbonate.
For white we saturate the clay with a solution of a salt of zinc and precipitate
it with a solution of alkali or alkaline carbonate.

page_text: Occasionally to increase the "body" of the clay we treat it with the zinc salt in
this way previous to applying the colouring matters.
The foregoing are given as examples, but we do not confine ourselves to these
special materials so long as kaolin or china clay be used as a base upon which to
precipitate colouring matters so as to form pigments for painting or printing,
-substantially after the manner herein above described.
THE MANUFACTURE OF AN IMPROVED BLACK PRINTERS INK WHICH MAY BE USED AS ETCHING VARNISH FOR ZINCOGRAPHY
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Kesseler at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th November 1879. A communication
from Hermann Gunther, of Berlin, Empire of Germany.
CARL KESSELER, of 63, Mohrenstrasse, Berlin, W., in the Empire of Germany,
Civil Engineer and Patent Solicitor. "THE MANUFACTURE OF AN IMPROVED BLACK
PRINTERS INK WHICH MAY BE USED AS ETCHING VARNISH FOR ZINCOGRAPHY."
A communication from Hermann Gunther, of Berlin, Empire of Germany.
This Invention relates to the manufacture of black printers'-ink and varnish for
etching, the object being by its production and use to secure the following
advantages over those hitherto used, viz. :-- (1), it is of a deep black color and
when dry exhibits a shining surface; (2), it dries very quickly; (3), the matters
of which it is composed being perfectly neutral chemically it will not corrode nor
injure the type nor the plates which are to be etched; (4), in consequence of its
non-corrosive quality the forms of type remain clean, because the ink-rollers take
out all dirt, if washing is found to be necessary it is limited to the rollers, it being
unnecessary for the form, loss of time being thereby reduced to a minimum; (5), it
does not enter into the printing paper, and does not therefor produce blurred work,
and thus can be used as ink for stamping; (6), it is considerably cheaper and works
further than other inks.
The constituent parts of this ink are,―
(1). Pitch or asphalte.
(2). Rectified tar-oil..
(3). Fatty acid violet of aniline (a combination of the violet of aniline with any
one or several of the kinds of fatty acids).
(4). The fatty residue from the distillation of heavy resin oil (commonly called
cartgrease).
These materials are simply well mixed while warm by stirring, when they will
easily coalesce.
The following proportions of mixture have been found best, though they may
within certain limits be varied according to circumstances :-
40 per cent of pitch or asphalte.
28
8
24
"
"
"
rectified tar-oil.
fatty acid violet aniline.
fat of resin-oil.
Should the composition be too thick it will be readily thinned by an addition of
tar oil,
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CENTRAL FIRE CARTRIDGES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Stuart Bailey at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th December 1879.
CHARLES STUART BAILEY, of 22, Park Village East, Regents Park, in the
County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CENTRAL FIRE
CARTRIDGES."
In the manufacture of central fire cartridges according to my Invention I enclose
the percussion powder in a cap in such manner as to dispense with the anvil now
commonly employed. For this purpose I reduce the diameter of the open end of
the cap, so as to form a kind of neck, and the remaining portion of the annular side
or wall of the cap I press, shut, or close on to the percussion powder, as indicated by
way of example in the accompanying Drawings, where Fig. 1 is a sectional view of
the base end of a cartridge; Figs. 2 show the cap in its original form with the
percussion powder therein; and Figs. 3 shew the completed cap with a portion of
its annular side or wall pressed, shut, or closed down upon the percussion powder
according to my Invention.
In the base of the cartridge shell or case I form a recess or chamber of suitable
size and shape to receive the cap, as indicated by way of illustration in Fig. 1, and
I provide a flash hole from such recess or chamber to the interior of the cartridge as
usual.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN SPINNING FRAMES, FOR THE PURPOSE OF PROTECTING YARN AND CAUSING LESS WASTE DURING THE PROCESS OF SPINNING
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Walker Raphael at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th September 1879.
ROBERT WALKER RAPHAEL, of Balnamore, Ballymoney, in the County
Antrim, Ireland. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN SPINNING FRAMES, FOR THE PURPOSE OF
PROTECTING YARN AND CAUSING LESS WASTE DURING THE PROCESS OF SPINNING."
With the ordinary spinning frames now used, it frequently happens when the
yarn breaks as it is being wound on a bobbin, that the broken or free end is
caught by the neighbouring bobbin on either side, and is carried round by such
neighbouring bobbin usually causing the breakage of the yarn being wound
thereon and retarding the rotation of same.
It sometimes happens that owing to the snapping of a single thread of yarn in
this manner the breakage of several threads is caused and the rotation of several
bobbins interfered with.
My Invention is designed to obviate this defect for which purpose I combine
metallic or other plates with the thread plate in such manner as to form divisions
or partitions between the bobbins without interfering with the independent operation
thereof, or their introduction or removal from the spinning frame, and so that when
the yarn happens to break, its broken or free end is prevented from coming in
contact with the neighbouring bobbins on either side, and waste is thus obviated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STANDS OR BRACKETS TO BE APPLIED TO THE BARS OF FIRE GRATES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Brown at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th March 1879.
BENJAMIN BROWN, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF STANDS OR BRACKETS TO BE APPLIED TO THE BARS OF FIRE
GRATES."
This Invention relates to the construction of kettle and other stands or brackets
to be applied to the front bars of fire grates for the purpose of supporting kettles
or other articles thereon, and the object of the said Invention is to enable the stand
or bracket to be adjusted to a bar of any form or thickness, and to be levelled or
to be tilted backwards as may be required.
On the back part of the stand are cast or formed two straight hooks which are
passed over the bar in the usual manner.
In the centre between these hooks, but a little further back, is cast or fixed a
snug or bracket in which is hinged an adjustable tang. Into the front of the snug
or bracket is tapped a set screw, the end of which presses against the movable
tang.
It will readily be understood that upon placing this stand with the fixed hooks at
the back of the bar, and the movable tang in front of the same, the set screw can be
screwed up to clip the bar, and the stand set perfectly level whatever the form or
thickness of the bar may be, and that by screwing the set screw up still further the
stand may even be tilted backward if required.
AN IMPROVED DRESS HOLDER
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th March 1879. A communication
from abroad by Auguste Aimable Leroux, of Paris, France.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent. "AN IMPROVED DRESS HOLDER." [A communication from abroad
by Auguste Aimable Leroux, of Paris, France.]
This Invention relates to an improvement in ladies' dress holders or suspenders.
These are usually closed by means of springs, which soon become so weakened by
use as to be unserviceable. In the improved dress holder of this Invention springs
are dispensed with, and the jaws or grippers can never open accidentally.
Figures 1 and 3 of the accompanying Drawings show front views of the improved
dress holder closed, the locking sheath hereafter described being in section in
Figure 1. Figure 2 is a cross section on line 1-1, Figure 1. Figure 4 shows a
portion of the dress holder with the jaws opened; and Figure 5 shows the blank
from which the locking device is made. The same letters of reference indicate like
parts in all the Figures.
The dress holder consists of two limbs a, a, bent at right angles at the upper
part as shown, and jointed to a centre piece b of the same section as the limbs a,
which piece b as well as the limbs a as far as the bend above mentioned is enclosed
in a tubular sheath-c, which, according to the position it occupies, either retains the
limbs in the closed position or allows of their being expanded.
The sheath c is in form of two truncated cones united at their smaller base and
has ears d, which are closed together as shown in Figure It has also on the
inside a rib e, which is received in a groove made around the middle of the centre
piece b, to prevent any endway movement of sheath c while permitting it to move
around the part b. The sheath has an open slot along its underside at f, and it is
encircled at the centre by a clip g, provided with a ring h for attaching the
suspending cord. This clip is of sheet metal bent around the sheath c, and rivetted
to the ears d. By means of this clip g the sheath c may be rotated on the parts b
and a, and if it be turned half round so as to bring the slot f upwards as in Figure 4
the limbs a are free to rise through said slot as shown, thereby separating the

page_text: gripping jaws, but when the slot ƒ is turned downwards as in Figures 1, 2, 3, the
limbs a are prevented from opening, and owing to the conical form of the sheath c
it tends to exert a pressure upon the part b and the joints of the limbs a, and so
holds them firmly in position.
The form and arrangement of the different parts may be varied without
departing from the principle of the Invention.