IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TEXTILE FABRICS, AND IN THE MACHINERY ADDADAMING IDEARED THER FROR." PRO SP
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Flora McDougall Chalmers, of Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, North Britain, Widow, Administratrix of the Estate
and Effects of David Chalmers, deceased, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TEXTILE FABRICS, AND IN THE MACHINERY
ADDADAMING IDEARED THER FROR."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said David Chalmers at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th February 1865.
I, DAVID CHALMERS, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF TEXTILE FABRICS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS.
EMPLOYED THEREFOB," to be as follows, that is to say :-)
The first part of this Invention relates to certain improvements in the mode
of winding cops used in weaving, the chief feature of which is, that when the
cop is placed in the shuttle the weft is drawn off from the outside instead of
from the inside as at present done. The machinery by. which the cop is
wound so as to be drawn off from the outside consists of a ring, on which a
wing is formed for the purpose of guiding the thread over a short traverse at

page_text: the commencement of building the cop, so that the whole of the thread may
be drawn off without breaking. Within the ring there is placed a weight
through which the cop spindle passes, and as the cop is being formed on the
spindle the weight is by it gradually raised, so that the distance between the
thread and wing becomes increased, thus permitting a longer traverse to the
thread as the cop becomes increased in length. Instead of this last-mentioned
arrangement of mechanism for regulating the length of traverse of the thread,
a wedge is passed through the guide on the rocking shaft, which works in
connexion with a lever and collar fastened on the spindle, and accordingly as
the thick part of the wedge passes into the guide it causes the latter to move
through a greater distance, thus giving a gradually increased traverse to the
thread. Another arrangement consists in fixing to the guide a spiral or flat
spring, beneath which a wedge moves, actuated by a lever guided in its motion
by a collar on the spindle, and as the wedge is drawn out the guide is enabled
to move through a greater distance as the cop is being built
The second part of this Invention consists of improvements in "broad
looms," and consists in introducing centre cranks or eccentrics, centre swivels,
and centre framings, so as to give stiffness to the whole machine. The loom
is driven by a wheel and pinion of any proportions that may be required
instead of by a single motion. At the end of the connecting rods of the crank
or eccentric rod a slot is formed, so as to allow the loom to run on while the
lay stands still, thus giving the shuttle time to run through. The improve-
ment in weaving of goods in "broad looms," such as cloths or tarpaulins,
consists in weaving them with thick strips at intervals, so as to increase their
strength, the heddles being arranged to shed the warp for this purpose.
SPECIFICATION filed in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
and of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, by the said Flora McDougall
Chalmers in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 22nd September 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FLORA
MCDOUGALL CHALMERS, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Widow, Administratrix of the Estate and Effects of David Chalmers, deceased,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant

page_text: unto me, the said Flora McDougall Chalmers, as Administratrix as aforesaid;
Her special license that I, the said Flora McDougall Chalmers, my exe-
cutors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Flora
McDougall Chalmers, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at
5 any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TEXTILE FABRICS, AND IN THE MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Flora McDougall Chalmers, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Flora McDougall Chalmers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and
to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
The said Invention relates, firstly, to certain improvements in the mode of
winding cops used for weaving, the principal feature of which is, that when
the cop is placed in the shuttle the weft is drawn off from the outside instead
of from the inside as at present done. The machinery by which cops are.
wound so as to be drawn off from the outside instead of from the inside as
heretofore consists of a hollow piece of metal, on which a projection is formed
for the purpose of guiding the thread over a short traverse at the commence-
ment of building the cop, so that the whole of the thread may draw off
without breaking. Within the hollow piece of metal there is placed a weight
through which the cop spindle passes, and as the cop is being formed on the
spindle the weight is by it gradually raised, so that the distance between the
thread and projection becomes increased, thus permitting a longer traverse to
the thread as the cop becomes increased in length. Instead of this last-
mentioned arrangement of mechanism for regulating the length of traverse of
the thread, a wedge is passed through the guide on the working shaft, which
works in connection with a lever and collar fastened on the spindle, and
accordingly as the thick part of the wedge passes into the guide it causes the
latter to move through a greater distance, thus giving a gradually increased

page_text: traverse to the thread. Another arrangement consists in fixing to the guide
a spiral or flat spring, beneath which a wedge moves, actuated by a lever
guided in its motion by a collar on the spindle, and as the wedge is drawn out
the guide is enabled to move through a greater distance as the cop is being
built.
The second part of this Invention consists in improvements in "broad
looms," and consists in introducing centre cranks or eccentrics, centre swivels,
and centre framings, so as to give stiffness to the whole machine. The loom
is driven by a wheel and pinion of any proportions that may be required,
instead of by a single motion. At the end of the connecting rods of the crank
or eccentric rod a slot is formed so as to allow the loom to run on whilst the
lay stands still, thus giving the shuttle time to run through. The improve-
ment in weaving of goods in broad looms, such as cloths for tarpaulins,
consists in weaving them with thick strips at intervals, so as to increase their
purpose.
strength, the heddles being arranged to shed the warp for this
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood I shall
now proceed more particularly to describe the system, mode, or manner under
which the same is or may be used or practically carried into effect, reference
being had to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, as illustrative of the first
part of this Invention, the Figure on said Sheet representing a portion of a
winding machine for winding the cops, herein-before referred to, with a quick
traverse. As the yarn passes from the reel A, over the vibrating lever B, it
proceeds thence between the forked end of another vibrating or traversing
lever C, through the opening. in the conical cup D, to the spindle E, which is
driven in any suitable or usual manner. On the spindle E there is placed
the moveable weight F, and its lower end is made conical, so that it may
descend to the bottom of the cup D, and in its extreme end a short projecting
pin or stud is fastened, round which the yarn passes immediately it enters the
spindle; as soon as the yarn is commenced to be wound, it by passing round
the short stop or stud and spindle, binds the two together, and thus the weight
revolves with the spindle and rises higher and higher on the latter as the cop
is being formed, pressing all the time upon the cop and thereby causing it to
be firmly built. The slot in the cup D, by which the yarn enters the spindle,
is marked a. Around the weight F, a ring G, in which the weight can
revolve, is placed, and as the weight rises it carries the ring G with it; on
one side of the ring the tongue or wing H descends, and, as shown in the
Drawing, two studs c, c, are fixed in the cup, one on either side of the tongue
which prevent the ring from turning round until, as the cop is built, the
tongue rises above the stops c, c. The use of the ring is as follows:-When

page_text: the cop is commenced a much less traverse is required than afterwards,
and whilst the positive traverse of the arm or lever C is always sufficiently
great for the cone when it is full, it is useless to employ more of this
traversing motion than is positively necessary for commencing the building of
the cop. The tongue H descends sufficiently to prevent the positive traverse
on the spindle being more than is first required, and as the cop increases and
the weight is raised a proportionately increased amount of the traverse of the
forked rod C is imparted to the thread as it approaches the spindle until the
cop is full, when the tongue H is raised out of the way of the stops and the
ring revolves with the weight until the cop'is completed. The forked lever or.
rod C has the requisite vibratory motion imparted to it from an eccentric on
any revolving shaft of the machine, or it may be driven from any moving part
of the apparatus, the positive motion of any moving part being converted so
as to impart a vibratory movement to the forked rod.
The second modification of this part of my Invention, in which a moveable
wedge is employed to move gradually into the feather or key-way in the boss
of a partly revolving shaft is intelligible from the preceding part of this
Specification; the wedge may either be made to travel inwards and outwards
by means of the gradual progressive movement of a revolving screw, or it
may be moved by hand or by a spring, so that the lever shall partake of
any portion of the positive movement of the shaft according to the quantity
of yarn wound at any given period. When this last arrangement is employed
the use of the moveable ring and tongue or wing is dispensed with.
The improvements in "broad looms" are sufficiently intelligible from the
preceding part of this Specification.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same may be carried into practical effect, I would observe .in
conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim
as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent is,
First, the general arrangement and combination of parts of mechanism
for winding cops with a quick traverse, substantially as herein-before described,
or any mere modification thereof.
Secondly, the use and employment of a moveable weight on the spindles of
winding machines for causing the cops to be built hard and firm, substantially
as herein-before described.
Thirdly, the methods of varying the amount of traverse of the yarn upon
the spindle, substantially as herein-before described, or any mere modification
thereof.

page_text: Fourthly, the peculiar construction of "broad looms," and the weaving of
cloth therein having broad strengthening stripes, substantially as herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Flora McDougall Chalmers, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of September, One!
thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
FLORA MCDOUGALL CHALMERS. (L.s.)