A New or Improved Construction or Arrangement of Generator of Electricity.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Apr., 1896-Accepted, 31st Oct., 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A New or Improved Construction or Arrangement of Generator
of Electricity.
I, HENRY ARZT, of 38 Margaret Street, Cavendish Square, London, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
The object of the present invention is a new appliance for the generation of
electricity, an apparatus by means of which the electrio fluid is obtained, without
expenditure of heat, mechanical labour, or the application of chemical materials in
a purely physical manner as the outcome of terrestrial motive power in the form
of two currents (+,-), and it can be adapted to all classes of technical, domestic,
aud manufacturing purposes which can be advanced by electricity.
The new apparatus which is very simple in construction, arrangement, and
working is clearly illustrated in the annexed drawing, which shows a cross section
through a generator.
It consists of two elements A and B which are connected by the bodies C and D
to form a battery for ordinary atmospheric pressure and by addition of the
casing E one for increased air, gas, or bydraulic pressure.
Each of the two elements consists of four hollow spheres (1, 2, 3, 4) placed over
each other, made of any resisting non-porous material of equal thickness e but
unequal size.
Their diameters are marked D', D', D, D', respectively or their radii R', R³,
DI DA
DI. ות שת'ות שהנ
DI
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A New or Improved Construction or Arrangement of Generator
of Electricity.
I, HENRY ARZT, of 38 Margaret Street, Cavendish Square, London, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
The object of the present invention is a new appliance for the generation of
electricity, an apparatus by means of which the electric fluid is obtained, without
expenditure of heat, mechanical labour, or the application of chemical materials in
a purely physical manner as the outcome of terrestrial motive power in the form
of two currents (+, -), and it can be adapted to all classes of technical, domestic,
aud manufacturing purposes which can be advanced by electricity.
The new apparatus which is very simple in construction, arrangement, and
working is clearly illustrated in the annexed drawing, which shows a cross section
through a generator.
It consists of two elements A and B which are connected by the bodies C and D
to form a battery for ordinary atmospheric pressure and by addition of the
casing E one for increased air, gas, or bydraulio pressure.
Each of the two elements consists of four hollow spheres (1, 2, 3, 4) placed over
each other, made of any resisting non-porous material of equal thickness e but
unequal size.
R¹
Their diameters are marked D', D', D, D', respectively or their radii R', R³,
,, respectively, for their inner surfaces, and
Ri
14, respectively for their outer surfaces.
Geometrically demonstrated
and DI DI
R' = R¹
R', = R¹ + e
R2 R + 2e
R', 2 R + 3e
R 3 R'+48
R',
3 R +5e
R
4 R'+ be
R
4 R+7e
These four hollow spheres (which for the purpose of being laid within one"
another and fitting together) each consist of two hemispheres or calottes to be
joined together by a tight fitting flange check-ring and screws or cramps, are then
by means of suitable holes (bored diametrically), and two tubes (threaded at each
end) of uniform thickness e and suitable length: == (2 R' + 3 e) connected
in concentric pairs of spheres, so that 1 and 3 firmly and inflexibly connected, form
the "inner," and 2 and 4 firmly and inflexibly connected, form the "outer"
concentric pair of spheres. Both pairs of spheres can thus be moved towards each
other along these tubes and, the inner so shifted towards the outer pair, that for
instance the inner pair may at one time be in contact with the outer pair at
points m, m, and at another time at points ", n.
.
In the middle of each tube of each element there is a small side opening (t) by
which all the cells are placed in connection with the vacuum pipo.
Now, while the tubes which connect the spheres 1 and 3 of each of the two
elements into one concentric pair, have a smooth surface, those which connect³
[Price 8d.]

page_text: spheres 2 and 4 have on the inside a short female thread for receiving from without
a screw bolt about the length of (1+ R) the purpose of which is to shift the inner
pair of spheres after exhaustion of the air, from the position m, m', into position n, n',
and at the same time, to close tightly the bore hole, in spheres 1 by means of an
end plug fitting into the same.
Each of the spheres 4 have, moreover, at the points of contact n' a very short
continuation tube about the length of (2 e) fitted with an outside thread by which
they can be screwed on to the body C.
The body of the battery consists, as stated, of the parts C and D.
C is a hollow sphere similar, as regards all its dimensions, to spheres 2 and (like
the latter) formed of two hemispheres fitted together. It is bored in the direction
of two diameters at right angles and is consequently provided with four holes.
Two holes placed horizontally are intended for the reception of the connections
with the elements A and B.
Of the other two holes however, one has a tube fitted with a cock k, and the
other a threaded bolt r, which fits tightly into it, this bolt being used only for
closing the bore hole in C when all the air has been expelled from both elements
as well as from the whole combined body (by means of a pump attached to the
tube k¹).
D is a cylinder sluped mantle formed either of two half cylinders or of two
cylinder pieces which after the two elements had been firmly connected with
sphere C is so fixed over them that on each side one half element projects from
the cylinder.
This cylindrical mantle has accordingly a diameter D' and a length (D + D' + 2e)
while its thickness must be determined by mechanical rules of strength on the basis
of the proposel exterior pressure.
In addition to the connecting flanges this cylinder is also provided with the two
holes through which on the one side the air exbausting tube with cock k, and on
the other the closing bolt r have to paes.
An airtight junction with the elements is also provided for by means of a socket
shaped enclosing rim on this mantle.
Over the structure thus obtained by the connection of the two cells with the body
is extended the mantle E intended for the reception of the pressure medium (air,
gas, or water). This mantle also consists substantially of two halves of a cylinder
fitted together of the length of (D' + D + 2e) but with a larger diameter according
to measurement (about D + R) and of two calotte shaped side covers of corro-
sponding dimensions. As in the case of D the thickness of the material will have
to be calculated according to the applicable mechanical formula.
In this outermost enclosing mantle bore holes are opened both for the passage
of the air tube k and the closing bolt r and in the calotte covers there are also
openings for the passage of the closing bolts inserted in the two elements and
surrounded by tubing. Besides there are also on the said mantle all the necessary
and known regulating and safety appliances for adjusting, measuring, and removing
the pressure Pa manometer a safety valve with weight a etc. which however it is
unnecessary to detail here.
For starting the apparatus, the bolts pl and p projecting into the two elements
as well as the bolt p passing through the mantle will be first of all screwed out
as far as possible and the tube pt with cork K connected with au air pump or some
other contrivance adapted for exhausting the air. As can be seen, the air is in
this way expelled with a single operation not only from all the chambers of the two
elements but from the spaces of the combined body as all the cells communicate
with each other.
When the air has been expelled as completely as possible the cock k is closed
and the three bolts p', p, p, are screwed in until they also close tightly the holes
facing them.
In this way the two inner couple of spheres of the elements will be pushed into
the inner positious n, n', and the communication of the different cells interrupted.

page_text: accordingly. This interruption however causes a difference in the character of
the separate spaces: For, now the outermost cell is really the vacuum cell, while
the cell immediately beneath it, enclosed by sphere 3 forms a vacuum in a vacuum.
which with regard to conversion of power has physically tho meaning that the.
atmospheric pressure on the surface of the outermost cell, directed as it is.
towards the centre of the sphere, appears inside of the said second vacuum
as if it came froin a centre of this aphere: It has therefore beon transferred from
a convex to a concave surface coming however, from a nou-material central, point
(and with a tendency to expand), the pressuro force appears in, the space of this
vacuum, at the same time free, that is, converted, and with a tendency to send out.
convergent rays of force. The same relation is maintained by the cell enclosed by
sphere 1 to the cell 2 immediately above it; that is, the pressure acting from inside
perpendicularly upon the inner surface of sphere 1, appears in cell 2 free and
converted but with a tendency to throw out divergent rays of force.
The spaces immediately above and under cell 2 are therefore the seat of
converted and free strains of force which need only be diverted in order to
find that they are (±) electricity.
The diversion however requires a further remark.
No ground can be discovered, why these two fluids should Aw out from the two.
cells if a cause were not created to remove the statical equipoise which exists
therein. A simple diversion of one of them to the earth would have hardly any
effect in this case. But having, as in the present instance, two elements we have
evidently four electricities, sic.: two positive and two negative; one positive and one
negative source of electricity from two elements suffice however to form a current.
Hence I can absorb a positive from one element, and a negative from the other
in the interior of the body (combined body) in order to obtain one positive and one
negative electricity outwardly, for this purpose the sphere C has been introduced
in the present case. As this cell, with reference to the cylindrical cell abovo it,
also represents a vacuum in a vacuum and indeed is circumstanced precisely the
same as the one over cells 2 of the elements, I only require to connect this sphere
with buth elements, in order to obtain the effect, that one of the two elements shall
always send off that fluid into this sphere which is capable to annul the one
existing in C, while the other element employs the contrary one for the maintenance
of the same in C.
Thus a continual consumption of two dissimilar fluid from the two elements takes.
place inside the cell C liberating thereby the two remaining fluids to flow out as
electric current.
In this arrangement are all the fundamental conditions required for the
generation of electricity physically as intimately established as by the principle of
the ordinary dynamos or of the electric batteries.
The electricity however is obtained by entirely new means without the employ-
ment of heat, mechanical work or chemical matter, in a manner hitherto absolutely
unknown and entirely as the outcome of terrestrial motive energy.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invent-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The application of vacuum chambers consisting of several cells ench with a
vacuum in a vacuum and a vacuum above a vacuum for the purpose of effecting the
conversion of power (conversion of the natural atmospheric pressure, or, by means
of a mantle and suitable contrivances for pressure, of artificially increased air, gas,
or hydraulic pressure) into electric fluid, as set forth.
2. A generator for electricity, characterised by two elements consisting of four
spheres placed within each other and made airtight on the outside, of which one
pair (2 and 4), namely the outer pair, is fixed and the other or inner pair (1 and 3)
is movable by means of a screw from one extreme position (m-') to the other
extreme position (n, n'), whereby nafter the air has been pumped out of the elements

page_text: there is created a vacuum in a vacuum and a vacuum over a vacuum and conse-
quently the conversion of the exterior compressive tensions within the vacuum
cells takes place, as described and substantially as shown.
3. To the generator set forth in Claim 2, for conducting the electricity from
the elements, the arrangement of a hollow body C and a cylindrical mantle D in
connection with the elements for the purpose of absorbing two dissimilar electricities
from the elements and thus liberating the two others in order to obtain an electric
current.
Deted this 27th day of Anail 1906
H. GARDNER,
Patent Agent, 166 Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the said Henry Arzt.
H. GARDNER,
Patent Agent, 166 Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the said Henry Arzt.