IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING COTTON THREADS, YARNS, AND TWISTS
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Archibald Brooman, of 166, Fleet Street, in
the City of London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN DYEING COTTON THREADS, YARNS, AND TWISTS." -A communication from
Charles Joseph Eugene Abder Halden, of Mulhouse, France.
Sealed the 13th November 1855, and dated the 31st May 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Archibald Brooman
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st May 1855.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING COTTON THREADS, YARNS, AND TWISTS," communi-
cated to me by Charles Joseph Eugene Abder Halden, of Mulhouse, France,
to be as follows:-
To dye lilacs, violets, and similar shades, the gum is first removed from
the yarns, threads, or twists; they are then placed in a mordant bath containing
salt of iron, to which arseniate of copper may be added; after receiving the
mordant the yarns are to be passed through a bath containing water, cow-dung,
and chalk, if they are oxydized, or they are simply cleaned; after which they
are dyed with madder and brightened in an alkaline bath, and in a bath
of chloride of lime and soda. For browns and brown tints, the gum is first

page_text: removed from the yarns or twists; they are then placed in a mordant bath
containing a salt of iron and alumina, to which salt of tin may be added; when
oxydized they are to be passed through a bath containing water, cow-dung,
and chalk, or merely cleaned; then they are dyed in madder and brightened
in an alkaline.bath.
For reds, the gum is first removed from the yarns or twists, which are then
placed in a mordant-bath of alumina.or of alumina and tin. After oxydizing
them they are to be passed through a bath containing water, cow-dung, and
chalk, or simply cleansed, then dyed in madder and brightened in an alkaline
bath; they are then passed through a bath of acidulated water and again
brightened (if required), in an alkaline bath.
"
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard' Archibald Brooman in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 26th November 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, send greeting.
....
ساله
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Richard Archibald Brooman, Her special licence that I, the said
Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING COTTON THREADS,
YARNS, AND TWISTS," (communicated to me by Charles Joseph Eugêne
Abder Halden, of Mulhouse, France,) upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same. to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office

page_text: within six calendar months next and immediately after, the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof,-that-is-to-say-
"L'
:
The present, improvements refer to the dyeing, of, cotton threads, yarns, and
twists in the following colors; namely, red, violet, or lilac, and brown, (and in
the different shades of those colors,) by means of madder, garancine, and
alizarine. The colors imparted are of the description known as "fast colors,"
and the methods adopted by the Inventor resemble in certain respects those
employed in printing calicos.
The cotton threads, yarns; and twists, are, first prepared for being dyed by
immersion in, an alkaline bath, which, removes the gum, grease, or foreign
matters which they may contain.
.:
To dye red, the yarns, threads, or twists (having been deprived of, the gum,
grease, &c. in an alkaline bath,) receive a mordant composed. of, either. an
aluminate of soda alone, or of a salt of tin, or of zinc, with or without an
acetate, pyrolignite, or other salt of alumina. The mordant is thickened by
starch, albumen, fecula, or other suitable substance... The yarns, threads, or
twists may then be dried or not, as preferred, and next undergo the ".dunging."
process; that is to say, they are passed through a, bath of cow-dung, or.silicate.
of soda with or without chalk and chromate of potash, or, a bath of. cow-dung:
and a salt of ammonia. (They may be "dunged " in either a warm or cold,
state.) The yarns, threads, or twists are next washed (dried or not), and are
then dyed with madder, madder flower, garancine, alizarine, or other description
of madder, to which ox blood, sumach, gall-nut, or oxalic or other acid may
be added, according to the particular shade which it may be desired to impart
to the material: The yarns, threads, or twists are then "brightened," by
passing-them--through baths of soap and water-and-acids successively, or
through alkaline and acid baths, either in a warm or cold state, and in closed
or open vessels, as perferred:"
..
To dye violet and lilac, the gum, grease, &c. are first removed, as in the
foregoing process. The yarns, threads, or twists then receive a mordant
consisting of an acetate, nitrate, or other salt of iron (to which arseniate of
copper may be added), the mordant being thickened with starch, albumen,
fecula, or otherwise. The threads, yarns, or twists are then "dunged,"washed,
and dyed with madder, as in the process of dyeing red, and are "brightened
by passing them successively (in a warm or cold state) through chloride of

page_text: lime, soda, or potash, &c., and soap and water, as often as the particular shade
desired may require.
To dye brown, the materials are first deprived of grease and gummy matters
by an alkaline bath, and then receive the proper mordant, which in this case
consists of a combination of the mordant which the Inventor uses in dyeing
violet and lilac with the mordant which he employs in dyeing red, the pro-
portion in which the two mordants are to be combined being regulated by
the shade to be imparted. The yarns, threads, or twists are then "dunged,"
washed, and dyed in madder, as in the methods of dyeing red and violet,
previously described, and they are brightened" by passing them through acids
and alkaline baths successively, and as often as may be required by the
particular shade of brown desired.
It is generally necessary to wash (or scour) the fibrous materials between
each operation in all three cases, except between the application of the
mordant and the dunging process. Yarns, threads, and twists may by these
improvements be dyed in skeins or hanks of any length, and the same skein
or bank may be dyed in two or more different colors or shades, and a space or
division may or may not be left between the different colors or shades in the
same hank or length.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim the dyeing of
cotton threads, yarns, and twists of the colors and shades herein-before
mentioned by means of the particular processes and ingredients herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of November,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
RA BROOMAN
RA
BROOMAN (L.C.)