IMPROVEMENTS IN, AND. RELATING TO MACHINERY FOR BREAKING STONES AND CRUSHING ORES, AND FOR SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake,
& Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN, AND. RELATING TO MACHINERY FOR BREAKING STONES
AND CRUSHING ORES, AND FOR SIMILAR PURPOSES." A communication from
abroad by Philetus Woodworth Gates, of Chicago, Illinois, United States of
America Master Mechanic
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Robert Lake at the.
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th May 1881.
.
FOR SIMILAR
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent
Agents, Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO'
MACHINERY FOR BREAKING STONES AND CRUSHING ORES, AND
PURPOSES." A communication from abroad by Philetus Woodworth Gates, of
Chicago, Illinois, United States of America, Master Mechanic.
This Invention relates to machinery for breaking, crushing, or reducing stone,
ore, or similar substances, and to means for facilitating the construction of parts of
such machinery, and consists in the various improvements hereinafter specified..
+
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal central section of a reducing machine adapted
for breaking stone and embodying my improvements, a safety pin being shown
applied directly to the bevel gear-wheel..
Figure 2, is a horizontal section of a portion of the same on the line y, y,
Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a horizontal, section on the line z, z,,Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a horizontal section on the line x', x1, Figure 1.
Figure 5 is a horizontal section on the line x, x, Figure 1.
I
Figure 6 is a plan or top view of the ball and socket bearing, and arched cross
bar with its box...
Figure 7 is a vertical section of the step or well, and the excentric bearing of the
sher-shaft..
inv

page_text: Figures 8 and 9 are sectional detail views of the safety pin devices as attached
to the toothed bevelled wheel, and also to the driving pulley and balance wheel,
and
Figures 10 and 11 are detail views of the safety pin devices as applied to the
driving pulley shaft and balance wheel of a stone-breaker.
Figure 12 is a sectional view of another modification of the safety pin device.
The remaining Figures are hereinafter described.
A. represents a cast iron or other metal frame of tubular or other appropriate
form;
this frame consists of a lower or sustaining portion made downwardly
flaring from near the middle of its height to its bottom, and an upper portion made
upwardly flaring, from the joint, where it unites with the lower portion to its top.
The said frame is united to a base-plate properly sustained, and at its top it is
provided with a strong skeleton arch shaped cap A¹. Across the interior of this
frame an inclined diaphragm plate A which serves as a chute is provided, and the
said plate has a flanged central passage A° formed in it. On each side of the frame
openings a and b are formed, the opening a being for the escape of reduced
substances, and the opening b for permitting parts of the machinery to be placed in
position, as well as allowing access to the same when necessary. The base-plate of
the machine has a strong step A3 formed on or applied to it, the said step being in
the form of a deep cylindrical well, nearly one half of its depth being above, and
the remaining portion below the said base-plate.
Within the arched cap A¹, and at the centre thereof, a strong sustaining box A2
of cylindrical shape is cast or otherwise formed.
The upper portion of the frame is lined with strong white or chilled 'metal B,
which may be plain on its inner surface. This lining may be in sections or
segments, and each section in the form of a portion of an inverted truncated cone,
and when in position, the said sections are supported between strong lugs upon the
frame, as shewn. This part of the frame thus lined constitutes the crushing
concave D of the machine. The crusher-shaft C is provided with a chilled ball C²
on its upper end with a chilled metal crusher-head Cat a point opposite the
crushing surface of the concave, and with an excentric rotating bearing-box F at its
lower or journal end C. The ball of the shaft is fitted within a chilled bearing I
formed of several segments of a cylinder, the interior of which approximates to the
form of a sphere with its upper and lower portions cut away.. This bearing has its
cylindrical surface fitted within the sustaining box A2, and over it a dust-guard
is placed. The lower end of the shaft rests on an adjustable step-block s¹ held in
position by a set-screw and nut, the latter being packed with a leather or india
rubber gasket at s², so as to prevent leakage of oil from the well 'A³.
8
The crusher head is united to the shaft by having horizontal polygonal
grooves h, h, formed respectively in the said shaft and in the crusher-head, and
causing molten metal to flow. along the channel h³ into the said grooves, such
metal when it becomes cool and hard, serving to form strong uniting rings 2 which
occupy the respective grooves of the shaft and crusher-head, and firmly hold the
crusher upon the shaft both against any possible upward or downward vertical
movement, as well as horizontal movement independently of the shaft. Suitable
air vents are provided in connection with the channel and grooves h, h¹, so that
air may escape as the metal flows into the said grooves: This mode of fastening.is
a very essential improvement, as the practical working of the machine depends
upon the durability and rigidity of its crushing surfaces, and it-being important to
have a forged or wrought metal shaft which will not strap readily under great
strain without making the crusher-head of homogeneous metal, the great utility of
the cast chilled white metal surfaces of the crusher head, and the effective mode of
uniting them to the wrought metal shaft will be'apparent.
'
The plate A* at its lower end 'unites with the bottom-piece of a conducting
chute A', and by, this chute the crushed substances are conducted away from the
machine. The step or well A³ has its walls provided with angular passages"f2
which extend from an inner circular channel f³ formed in an endless ledge at the

page_text: upper end of the well A³ to the interior of the well at its bottom, as shewn.
Outside of the channel fa and above the ledge in which it is formed, a high flange f*
is provided on the wall of the step or well, this flange serving to prevent oil which
is thrown out upon the channelled ledge from being wasted by running over before
it has a chance to flow down the passages f. The excentric bearing F which
encircles the journal C³ of the shaft C, is formed of bronze or other suitable bearing
metal, and is provided with a supporting flange or plate e of similar metal. This
flange rests upon the channelled ledge of the step or well A³, and revolves with the
bearing F upon the said ledge. Passages n are formed in the bearing F, which
passages extend from the upper edge of the said bearing down beneath the said
Hange or plate e, and communicate with the channel 3, the passages f and the
chamber fi of the well, by means of the small passage always existing between the
channelled ledge and the flange or plate e.
The action of the parts thus constructed is a follows, that is to say:-The
motion of the flange or plate e upon the channelled ledge causes any oil which may
rise up between the journal C³ and its bearing F, or between the said bearing and
the inner surface of the wall of the well to pass outward over the ledge into the
channel f, and such oil descends through the channels and enters the chamber fi
whence it is again raised along with other oil supplied from the chamber f of the
well A. For giving rotary motion to the excentric bearing, a toothed or other
gear wheel F¹ is firmly fastened around the upper end of the excentric bearing F,
so that the top of the wheel is flush with the surface of the upper edge of the
bearing; on this wheel outside the margin of the upper edge of the bearing F, a
conical loose collar or guard J is fastened so as to be free from binding contact
with the crusher-shaft C, while it fits close enough to an overhanging shoulder a²
of the said shaft to prevent fine particles of dust passing down into the well A³.
In this collar is formed a passage a³, which may be covered by a valve. Through
this passage as the end of an oil can may be introduced, and oil supplied to the
well As as occasion requires. At the bottom of the said well A* an elbow-shaped
pipe K is applied, the said pipe having a screw-plug as at its bend, and a removable
cap or plug at its upper end. This pipe receives into its vertical limb a height
of oil equal to that in the well A³, and thus serves as an indicator to tell when the
parts are not being properly supplied with oil. By removing the cap at the top of
the said pipe, the oil can be seen in the pipe, and by causing hot water to How
continuously through the passage as of the collar and revolving the shaft C, the
well and all the parts can be cleaved out, the gummy substances loosened up,
flowing out of the pipe at its top. For setting the machine in operation, a driving
shaft M, bevel gear wheel F, fast and loose pulleys N, N¹, and a large balance
wheel F are provided. The gear wheel Fa meshes with the wheel F₁, and revolves
the excentric bearing F, and this causes the crusher-shaft C to have a powerful
gyratory motion instead of a rotary or semi-rotary motion, and by means of this
motion, substances introduced into the concave D will be gradually broken or
crushed between the crusher-head C³, and the crushing surfaces B.
To provide for an instantaneous relief of the whole machinery of the stone-
breaker, in case a crow-bar or other obstruction which would cause it to be broken
or injured gets into the machine and suddenly stops its motion, the driving pulley N',
Figure 9, is fitted loose upon its shaft and coupled to a collar F3 by means of a
pin F, and an arm p² of the collar F3; the said collar being keyed on the shaft M.
The said pin passes entirely through the arm p², and enters a hole formed in a
strong boss upon the pulley. This pin is weaker than any other operating part of
the mechanism, but strong enough to resist the ordinary work done by the machine.
When the machine becomes clogged, this pin is broken by torsional strain at a
point between its supported ends, and allows the pulley to revolve on its shaft
without turning the driving shaft. The said pin is confined in position by a set-
screw, and as it passes entirely through the arm of the collar, the broken parts can
be at once removed without removing the pulley and another pin can be inserted'in
its place. The great advantage of this construction is in the leverage afforded for

page_text: breaking the pin between its ends and where it is unsupported, in connection with
the peculiar manner of applying the pin so that it can be easily removed.
The collar F may be applied to the inner end of the shaft M, and its' safety pin
inserted into the concave face of the bevel-wheel F2 instead of into the driving
pulley, and the same result be secured, as will be evident from Figures 1 and 2 of
the Drawings. In the stone-breaker or reducing machine thus. far described, the
parts are not exposed to as múch strain as that which occurs in other crushers, for
the reason that the greater portion of the surface of the crushing faces of other
crushers comes in' contact with the material being broken or crushed, while in my
improved crusher scarcely one tenth of the crusher-face can strike, the material at
one time as the said face is on a circle. As the joint 02 and I at the top. of the
crusher shaft C is of ball and socket construction, and remains centrally unchanged,
while the bearing box F at the lower or journal end of the said shaft is an
excentric tubular box having an excentricity of about one inch, and revolving with
the gear, wheel F1; the shaft has, as above stated, a gyratory motion similar to the
action produced by holding a pencil at the top with the finger and thumb, and
then moving the bottom end around in a circle; such motion does not cause a
grinding but a breaking or crushing of the material, therefore but little wear occurs.
In practice it is found that with this machine having the present improvements
applied to it from 10 to 50 tons per hour can be crushed, the sizes of the machines
being in accordance with the kind and quantity of work to be done. But were it
not for the capability of the ball bearing withstanding the great crushing strain
brought against it, and of the excentric bearing withstanding the friction to which
it is subjected; the machine would be useless for the purposes stated. The chilling
of the ball-bearing, and the perfect lubrication of the excentric bearing F beneath
its supporting flange or plate e, as well as between its interior surface, and the
journal C of the shaft and its exterior surface, and the well A³, enables: the
machine to work with a gyratory motion perfectly successfully for the hardest
work, and renders the said machine very enduring at those places where the
greatest wear and tear come, and in the event of clogging of the machine by a
crow-bar. or other article liable to break the said machine, it is saved from
destruction by the safety pin breaking and stopping the movement of the crushing
devices.
.
..In Figures 13 to 23 of the Drawings I have shewn' means to be employed for
producing the chilled ball bearing I for the chilled ball C².
Figure 13 is a perspective view, partially broken away, of the pattern first
employed to produce the impression in the sand contained in a flask and cope.
Figure 14 is a perspective view of the hard metal chilling, and pattern ball, and
parting plates, which are introduced into the mould after the pattern impression
has been made in the sand, and the pattern is withdrawn.
..Figure 15 is a vertical section of the sand mould in the flask and cope as it
appears after the pattern, Figure 13, is withdrawn.
Figure 16 is a plan or top view of the flask or lower section of the sand mould
and its gates (the cope being removed), and the hard metal chilling and pattern-
ball and parting plates, with a casting for a ball bearing cast in the said mould,
and
Figure 17 is a vertical section of Figure 16, with the cope portion of the mould
_in_position.....
Figure 18 is a section of the. casting for the chilled ball-bearing as it appears
upon the ball upon which it is cast after it is withdrawn from the mould, and after
the parting plates are withdrawn from it, and when "babbett "or other suitable
metal, for sustaining it while centred in a lathe for having its cylindrical surface
trued' is admitted into its hollowed ends, and partly into its dividing splits.
Figure 19 is a side view in detail of one of the parting plates!"
.
Figure 20 is a perspective view of one of the chilled segments of the ball-
bearing.
Figure 21 is a perspective view of the lead tool with an iron stem, whereby

page_text: emery and oil are applied in polishing the concave surface of the respective
segments of the said bearing.
Figure 22 is an elevation partly in section shewing a segment of the chilled
bearing, and also the polishing tool and its stock.
Figure 23 is a perspective view of the finished chilled bearing.
By reference to these Figures of the Drawings it will be seen that the pattern O
for producing the impression in the sand contained in a flask O and cope 0º
consists of a cylindrical body portion o with hollowed ends o', o, radial wings 03
extending out beyond the circumference of the body portion o, spherical end
portions o, o, and a centreing cylindrical stem e. This pattern is centred by its
stem in the mould in any suitable manner, and sand is ramined around it until the
flask O' is full. Gates 6 are then formed, and the cope 02 is adjusted in position
upon the flask O³, and sand rammed into it until it is full. This operation
produces a mould in sand consisting of a cylindrical chamber 9, narrow radial
channels q', a conical seat q², a concave or partly spherical depression q³, a cylin-
drical socket, a concave or partly spherical depression q³, and a conical seat qº,
as shewn in Figure 15.
A perfectly smooth and true ball R of hard metal, and having a stem r is pro-
vided; this ball has centreing sockets r, r¹. In connection with this ball metallic
parting plates R¹ formed with a concave inner edge, and coated or japanned
upon their surfaces, are also provided. These plates are coated in order that the
casting metal shall not stick to them. The said plates; which may be adjusted
close to the ball, as shewn in Figure 14, so as to be passed into the flask-portion
of the mould without touching the sand surrounding the channels q¹, are with the
ball set down into the mould; the stem of the said ball sets into the socket q², and
the plates fit into the radial channels q¹ while the ball itself stands in the chamber q.
Thus adjusted the said ball occupies a true.central position in the chamber and the
plates are radial to the ball, and when the plates are in the mould a slight radial
movement is given to them so as to set them a little off from the ball: To allow
for this adjustment the channels q' are mado of a sufficient depth in a radial
direction. By this adjustment of the plates narrow webs will be formed between
the segments of the bearing in the casting process, and the several segments will thus
be temporarily united notwithstanding the fact that the plates keep them separated
at all other points. It is important to have the segments of the casting remain united
temporarily, as it is necessary to centre the same in a lathe for the purpose of
turning off its cylindrical surface. The casting to form the bearing is produced by
the flowing of the molten metal along the gates, as usual, into the vacant parts of
the mould. In the casting operation the bearing has its outer surface and radial
parting surfaces unchilled, the sand mould and the coated parting plates not acting
to chill these surfaces, while its interior or nearly spherical surface is chilled, the
hard metal ball serving to impart the chill thereto. This casting for the bearing is
now removed from the mould with all its segments united in a temporary manner
by the webs q of metal run in between the ball and the inner concave edges of
the parting plates; the parting plates are then withdrawn,, and into the hollows at
the ends of the casting as well as into the radial parting splits q'; " babbett,” or
other suitable metal, is admitted, as shown at ql, for the purpose of forming a
centreing support. Thus prepared the casting is centred in a lathe, and its
cylindrical surface turned off true. The segments of the casting are now properly
broken apart at the metal webs q³, and the rough or fractured edges of the
segments ground off with an emery wheel. The segments are next polished on
their concave.or partly spherical surface by means of emery and oil, and for accom-
plishing this operation a tool.s consisting of a top lead head shaving the form of
part of a sphere, and a steel or iron shank 85 is provided, and the same is secured
in the stock of an ordinary drill. With this tool and emery and oil the concave
of the respective segments is polished for a few minutes, and thereby completed.
The ball C2; which is on the crusher shaft C; and which has been cast in a metal
mould in order to chill it, is enclosed by the several segments produced as above

page_text: described, and the segments around the ball are inserted into the sustaining box. A²
of the arched capping portion A¹ of the frame, as shown in Figure 1 of the Drawings,
when used in a stone breaker. By these improvements a chilled ball bearing is
produced at slight cost, and such bearing when in use but a short time. becomes
perfectly true and highly polished on its concave surface, it appearing as bright as
a mirror; it is found capable of enduring the most powerful wearing action
without any perceptible diminution of its metallic body, whereas with other
bearings not chilled, used in the same place on a stone-breaker, the wear is so great
that it is found necessary to employ a compensating device to take up the wear,
and even with this device the bearings are found almost impractical in machines
for crushing lime stone, and wholly useless for crushing granite and metallic ores.
A given size bearing of this description, as heretofore constructed for stone-breakers,
and not chilled, instead of being made in. one half day, as is effected by my
improvements, requires for its manufacture at least one week's work, and euen with
this extra expense for labor it is of little use, as by reason of the lightness of the
parts and the softness of the ordinary cast metal it is crushed out in about sixty
days in working on lime stone, and in less than a day on metallic ores and
granite.
Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent, and the manner of performing the same, I wish it understood
that I claim,-
First. In a machine for breaking stone, crushing metal ores, or other like sub-
stances, providing the shaft which carries the crushing head with a ball and socket
fulcrum-bearing, the wearing surfaces of which are chilled, substantially as above
set forth and for the purpose specified.
Second. The revolving excentric bearing box of the crusher shaft provided
with a top supporting flange, substantially as above set forth and for the purpose
specified.
Third. The combination of the chilled ball and socket fulcrum-bearing with the
revolving excentric bearing box, substantially as above set forth and for the purpose
specified.
Fourth. The combination of the crusher-shaft having a chilled ball and socket
bearing, a crusher-head, a crushing concave and a revolving excentric bearing-box,
substantially as above set forth and for the purpose specified.
Fifth. The combination with the crusher-head provided with grooves, and with
the crusher shaft, also provided with grooves, of rings for fastening the said head
upon its shaft, the said rings being formed by pouring molten metal into the said
grooves, substantially as above set forth and for the purpose specified.
Sixth. A crusher shaft provided with a bearing-box having an interior chilled
surface approximating closely to the form of a hollow sphere and a cylindrical
exterior surface which is not chilled, and which bears directly upon the surface of
a box formed in an arched cross-bar or cap of the machine frame, substantially as
above set forth and for the purpose specified.
Seventh. The combination of the shaft having a chilled ball at its upper end, a
segmental bearing bar having an interior chilled surface corresponding to the
bearing surface of the said ball, a chilled metal crusher-head of taper form, a flaring
crushing concave lined with chilled metal plates, a tubular metal frame having an
oil step-well' at its lower end and openings at its side, and also having an inclined
diaphragm with a flanged central passage through it, a loose collar between the
crushing head and the flange of the diaphragm, and gearing for revolving the
eccentric bearing box, all substantially as above set forth and for the purpose
specified.
Eighth.. The oil-well forming an oil-chamber and having a step-block, and provided
with a channel and passages in its walls, in combination with a flanged excentric
bearing box, substantially as above set forth and for the purpose specified.
Ninth. The conical collár perforated or provided with a valve and placed around

page_text: the crusher-shaft and overhanging the top of the oil-well, in combination with a
gyrating shaft, substantially as above set forth and for the purpose specified.
Tenth. The overhanging conical guard attached to the top of the gear-wheel
which revolves the excentric bearing-box, substantially as above set forth and for
the purpose specified.
Eleventh. The guard at the upper outer edge of the oil-chamber and outside of
the channelled ledge thereof, substantially as above set forth and for the purpose
specified.
Twelfth. The combination of the indication pipe with the oil-well having a
channel and passages in its wall, an excentric revolving bearing box, and a shaft
carrying a crusher head, substantially as above set forth and for the purpose
specified.
Thirteenth. The combination with a stone breaking or ore crushing machine, of
the keyed collar provided with the arm on one side of its edge, a safety pin
unsupported between its ends, and a toothed gear wheel or driving pulley, sub-
stantially as above set forth and for the purpose specified.
Fourteenth. The combination of devices for making the casting of the hollow
segmental bearing with temporary uniting webs and dividing splits, consisting of
the winged pattern, the chilling ball having a centreing stem and sockets, parting
plates, and a sand mould, substantially as above set forth and for the purpose
specified.
Fifteenth. The hollow casting for the segmental bearing provided with "babbett "
metal at its ends and in its splits, and with centreing sockets, whereby it is
sustained and can be centred in a lathe and turned off on its cylindrical surface,
substantially as herein described.
Sixteenth. The lead tool with an iron metal stem for polishing the concave of the
segments, substantially as above described.
Seventeenth. The segmental bearing for stone breaking and ore crushing
machines, having an interior surface which is nearly in the form of a hollow sphere,
and chilled, substantially as herein described.
•
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventh day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
WM. ROBT. LAKE. (L.s.)