Improvements in the Manufacture of Waterproofing Coating Compositions for Wearing Apparel, Covers, Engine and other Packings, Aold Tank Linings, and for other uses..
Year: 1895

page_text: ↑ "
Date of Application, 15th Nov., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 14th Jan, 1896-Accepted, 29th Feb 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Waterproofing Coating
Compositions for Wearing Apparel, Covers, Engine and
other Packings, Aold Tank Linings, and for other uses.
.I
"
,
I CHARLES JAMES GRIST of 20 Gracechurch Street in the City of London
Electrical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
1
I take linseed or other drying oil and partially oxidise it by applying heat to
the vessel in which it is contained, having previously added litharge or other
suitable oxidising agent, to a temperature of say about 400° F. or upwards taking"
'care that it does not boil for more than say about 24 hours furthermore attention
should be given that the oil is continually kept in motion by suitable apparatus
which may be conveniently arranged on or adjacent to the vessel for the
purpose.
The oil is then allowed to cool until it reaches about its normal temperature.
I now take a suitable fibrous substance such for instance as, jute, hemp, cotton,
animal fibre, or other suitable fibre, in which the separate fibres composing, the
mass are or can be made to be distinct and separable but at the same time of
uniform or substantially uniform character and taking care that the fibres shall be
clean and free from any deleterious foreign substance in mixture or adhering to
them. These, I'free from the fibre by means of carding or other suitable cleansing
method.
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I then spread and loosen the fibres subjecting them to the 'action' of heated air
in order to remove as far as possible traces of aqueous mixture because any
moisture present militates against the success of the process.
"
The partially oxidised oil being now at about its normal temperature and the"
fibres in a clean and dry condition I immerse such fibres in a loosened and
graduated condition into the oil. The fibres are immersed in the oil but
immediately taken out again and I attach great importance to this precaution.
•
The fibres thus dipped are placed in a hydro-extractor of the usual or convenient'
pattern for the purpose of extracting the superfluous oil not actually adhereing to
the fibres.
When this has been effected and the free oil has been thoroughly removed
I take the fibres out of the extractor and each fibre is found to be covered at.
intervals with small globules of oil which adhere to it. I now spread these fibres
as loosely as possible on wire. gauze or other suitable petting or reticulate or
openwork surface and pass a current of heated air for suitable periods through
them by means ofta revolving fan or other suitable air supplying means every hour
or so turning and redistributing the fibres by suitable lifting and turning means on
the netting till each particle of oil is oxidised and dried.
Then I again immerse the fibres in the oil and drain off the superfluous oil by
means of the hydro-extractor.or its equivalent and more globules of oil will be found
to be adhereing to portions of the fibres not covered after the first dipping, then
I repeat the drying process explained above, and when dry I immerse the fibres a
third and last time subjecting them to the action of the hydro-extractor as before
when the fibres will be completely coated or nearly so with globules of oil, and
the drving process will be accomplished as before
'

page_text: I have not found it-economically useful to subject the fibres to more than three
dippings of oil, as the object is to give only one coating to each fibre and this is
attained by partially coating portions of the surfaces of the fibres at each
immersion and this is generally sufficiently completed after three immersions and
more have a bad effect.
If more immersions were made the fibres would be liable to become over
saturated so that the moving heated air would be unable to oxidize the whole
sufficiently and the resulting product would be useless for my purposes.
I now grind up the fibres treated as described above until they become of a
homogeneous character.
This masticating or grinding I prefer to accomplish by means of rolls (of
different diameters so as to obtain the desired effect) running at a high speed.
The material is now placed in crushing rolls which I employ cold and I add
about 5% to 10% of powdered sulphur to it while the crushing is progressing
taking care that the fibrous treated material is not allowed to become so heated as
to injure it. This I prevent by occasionally stripping it off the rolls by means of
a knife or gauge suitable for the purpose.
When the sulphur is thoroughly mixed I allow the material to cool to about
normal and I then again place it in the crushing rolls and add whatever colouring
material is desired such as French chalk ochre or other suitable colouring agert
adapted to the particular purpose in view.
The material as now delivered from the rolls is in sheets and ready for use ani.
* can when cool be stored away until required for use.
.1. "
For waterproofing and for other purposes such as bed sheeting, clothing, double
texture and other goods I may proceed as follows:-The material in sheets is
again put through the rolls and then it is immersed in naptha, turpentine or other
suitable solvent the superfluous spirit being carefully removed and I then place the
material again in the crushing rolls and working it until it is in such a soft pliabl
condition that it will readily adhere to a material or fabric under pressure which
it is necessary to coat or to other pieces of my improved material. It can be ruu
into the fabric in any convenient thickness by passing the materials to be combined
through beavy callenders or rolls and within a few hours afterwards it will be
ready for use; or it can be spread on fabric in very thin layers, if required for
fine and delicate goods by the ordinary spreading, machines such as are in use in
rubber factories by means of a knife or gauge.
By this means a material is produced which will withstand climatic influences
and will resist wear and not crack or perish and also be pliable, while the saving
in labour required to be expended is great and the goods requiro less time in
manufacture.
.מ
1
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Waterproofing Coating-
Compositions for Wearing Apparel, Covers, Engine and
other Packings, Acid Tank Linings, and for other uses.
'CHARLES JAMES GRIST of 20 Gracechurch Street in the City of London,
Electrical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what'
männer
nanner the same is to be performed; to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:
1
Í take linseed or other drying oil and partially oxidise it by applying heat to the
vessel in which it is contained, having previously added litharge or other suitable

page_text: oxidising agent, to a temperature of say 400°. F. or upwards taking care; that it
does not boil for more than say about 24 hours furthermore attention, should, be,
given that the oil is kept stirred for about 48 hours being continually kept iu..
motion: by suitable apparatus which may be conveniently arranged, on or adjacent
to the vessel for the purpose.
The oil is then allowed to cool until it reaches about its normal temperature.
I now take a suitable fibrous substance such for instance as jute, hemp, cotton,.
animal fibre, or other suitable fibre,. in which the separate fibres composing the..
mass are or can be made to be distinct and separable, but at the same time-oft
uniform or substantially uniform character and taking care that the fibres-shall be;
clean and free from any deleterious foreign substance in mixture or adhereingto
them. These I free from the fibre by means of carding or other suitable cleansing,
method:
I then spread and loosen the fibres subjecting them to the action of heated air. in
order to remove as far as possible traces of aqueous moisture because,any moisture,
present militates against the success of the process.
The partially oxidised oil being now at about its normal temperature and the
fibres in a clean and dry condition I immerse such fibres in a. loosened and
graduated condition into the oil, the fibres are then immersed, in the oil but.
immediately taken out again and I attach great importance to these precautions.;
The fibres thus dipped are placed in a hydro-extractor of the usual or convenient,
pattern for the purpose of extracting the superfluous oil not actually adhereing to
the fibres.
When this has been effected and the free oil has been thoroughly removed I take
the fibres out of the extractor and each fibre is found to be covered at intervals
with small globules of oil which adhere to it. I now spread these fibres as loosely
as possible on wire gauze or other suitable netting or reticulate or openwork
surface and pass a current of heated air for suitable. periods through them by
means of a revolving fan or other suitable air supplying means turning every hour
or so and redistributing the fibres.on the netting by suitable lifting and turning.
means till each particle of oil is oxidised and dried.
Then I again immerse the fibres in the oil and drain off the superfluous oil by
means of the bydro-extractor or its equivalent and more globules of oil will be
found to be adhering to portions of the fibres not covered after the first dipping
then I repeat the drying process explained above and when dry I immerse the
fibres a third and last time subjecting them to the action of the bydro-extractor as
before when the fibres will be completely coated or nearly so with globules of oil,..
and the drying process will be accomplished as before..
I have not found it economically useful to subject the fibres to more than three
dippings of oil, as the object is to give only one coating to each fibre and this is
attained by partially coating, portions of the surfaces of the fibres at each immersion
and this is generally sufficiently completed after three. immersions and more, have
a bad effect.
If more immersions were made the fibres would be liable to become over,
saturated so that the moving heated air would be unable to oxidise the whole,
sufficiently and the resulting product would be useless for my purposes.
I now grind up the fibres treated as described above, until they become of a
homogeneous character.
=
This masticating or grinding I prefer to accomplish by means of rolls (running
at different surface speeds so as to obtain the desired effect) running at a high
speed.
The material is now placed in crushing rolls which I employ cold and I add
about 5% to 10% of powdered sulphur to it while the crushing is progressing
taking care that the fibrous treated material is not allowed to become so heated as
to injure it. This I prevent by occasionally stripping it off the rolls by means of
a knife or gauge suitable for the purpose. When the sulphur is thoroughly mixed
I allow the material to cool to about normal and I then again place it in the

page_text: crushing rolls and add whatever colouring material is desired such as French
chalk, ochre or other suitable colouring agent adapted to the particular purpose in
view...
...
.!
The material as now delivered from the rolls is in sheets and ready for.use and it
can when cool be stored away until required for use.
For waterproofing and for other purposes such as bed sheeting, clothing, double
texture and other goods I may proceed as follows:-The material in sheets is
again put through the rolls and then it is immersed 'in naptha, turpentine or
other suitable solvent the superfluous spirit being carefully removed and I then
place the material again in the crushing rolls and working it until it is in such
a soft pliable condition that it will readily adhere to a material or fabrio.under
pressure which it is necessary to coat or to other pieces of my improved material.
It can be run onto the fabric in any convenient thickness by passing the materials
to be combined through heavy callenders or rolls and within a few hours after-
wards'it will be ready for use; or it can be spread on fabric in very thin layers.
if required for fine and delicate goods by the ordinary spreading machines such
as are in use in rubber factories by means of a knife or gauge.
By this means a material is produced which will withstand climatic .influences
and will resist wear and not crack or perish, and also be pliable, while the saving
in labor required to be expended is great and the goods. require less time in.
manufacture.
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Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invep-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
claim is
1.
1
1
1. In the manufacture of waterproof goods for packings, acid tank linings and
for other purposes 'the process of treating oil and fibrous substances by the
preparation of the oil by heating it to over 400° F. and keeping it in motion for a
period of about forty eight hours, dipping the fibrous substances (dried and
cleaned) in the oil, at normal temperature, placing them immediately in a hydro-
extractor or other suitable machine to eliminate superfluous oil and leaving only
small particles attached' separately to the fibres, submitting the fibrous substances
so treated to the oxidising action of the air, but previously loosening and pulling
them apart and during the toxidising action at intervals of say about an hour
redistributing and turning the fibres spread' on the netting repeating these steps of
the treatment not more than three times in all and lastly crushing and consolidating'
the mixture of oxidised oil and fibrous substances so prepared with the addition of
powdered sulphur and colouring matters all as and for the purposes herein before
set forth.'
"
I
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2. The preparation of fibrous materials in cold oil that has been treated as set
forth removing off superfluous oil and oxidation of the particles remaining aud
repeating the process three times in 'all at most so as by degrees to cover the
individual fibres with small particles of oil which shall be accessible to the fullest
oxidising influence of air and the treatment finally of the material by grinding and
consolidation with addition of powdered sulphur as set forth.
Doted th
1000
+
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56 Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.