A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE FOR THE ROLLING OF METALS
Year: 1886

page_text: I MARK MORTON of Buckingham Street Birmingham in the County of Warwick,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of said invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
MACHINE FOR THE ROLLING OF METALS," and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
The object of my invention is to construct and arrange machinery for the rolling
of metals, commonly called rolling mills in a simpler and more compact form than
has heretofore been accomplished; and further, in an improved means for indicating
and determining the position and parallelisin of the rolls.
I will describe my invention in connection with a machine designed principally
for the rolling of jewellers' gold and known as jewellers' rolls.
Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly in section, of a rolling mill constructed
according to my invention. The other figures 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 représent details
or parts of the machine upon an enlarged scale, in order to better exhibit their
construction.
a is the supporting frame, b are the rolls with their necks b working within
housings cc which latter are made in the form of a rectangular frame braced
together by solid top and bottom parts, c² and crossing the space enclosed by the
sides of the said housings, the rolls 6 are disposed. 63 63 are the extended ends of
the said rolls which are coupled to the breaking spindles d by coupling sleeves or
sleeve boxes e. The outer ends d² of the breaking spindles fit within the hollows f³
of the pinions f; that is, the pinions f are hollow, with sockets passing to any
suitable distance up their middles. The ends d of the said breaking spindles
or the spindles which drive the rolls are preferably made with longitudinal
feathers ³ as best seen in the cross section upon an enlarged scale figure 5. The
said pinions are provided with spindle like necks or shanks f³, which work within;
and are supported by a solid bracket g secured to the offside end of the bed. Or
the solid bracket g may be made separate from the frame a and secured to any
suitable foundation plate as may be desired. The top roll is secured to its bearing
within the solid bracket by a lock nut f' screwing on the wormed end of the
necked spindle f³, which is preferably hollow, while the necked spindle or shank
of the lower driving pinion is secured to the driving toothed wheel h by a key h².

page_text: The hollow pinions described are intended to supplant the pinions commonly
employed with projecting ends, connected to the breaking spindles by coupling
boxes; and which said pinions when so constructed are usually carried by special
housings or frames, which occupy considerable space and are therefore less compact
than rolling mills or machinery made according to my invention. Thus my
invention consists essentially in making the pinions which drive and turn the rolls,
hollow, wherein the outer ends of the breaking spindles are inserted, and which
said pinions have also shank or sleeve like spindle ends which work within a
single solid bracket, instead of employing separate housings as is commonly done.
The pinions with socket holes running a distance through them are preferably
made from malleable iron or crucible steel.
The rolls are adjusted by pressure screws i working through the solid bosses at
the tops of the housings c. The lower ends of the screws press upon the tops of
the roll bearings j, while the upper ends of the said screws i carry adjustable
collars around the peripheries of which a double graduated scale is formed which
determines the exact relative positions of the rolls with respect to each other, and
also the parallelism of their rolling surfaces. These graduated scale collars are
secured to the pressure screws.c by set screws k. are bosses on the pressure
screws which fit into sockets in the open tops of the graduated collars &, which
said collars rotate and are raised and lowered by the capstan handles l.
cross stay bracket for supporting the pressure screws; and n are lifters secured to
the necks of the rolls by brackets or collars n at bottom, and by ears n³ at top, to
bracket m. The graduated indicating collars may be made solid or in halves,
and secured to the pressure screws, by set pins, or by other means.
Fixed pointers
m is a
or indicator fingers are secured to the tops of the housings, and are presented to
'the graduated markings of the like scales, carried by each pressure screw; the
indicator part of the finger is made to point to both the vertical and horizontal
scales at the same time, by making the said terminal part or parts somewhat in
the form of a crutch which is or are disposed horizontally, from right to left, with
a third pointer in a middle position; thus pointing to both horizontal and vertical
lines at the same time. The finger is marked p while the ends are marked
respectively pp³.
The graduated scale on. the adjustable collar consists of a series of equi-distant
graduated annular horizontal lines, and a series of equi distant or graduated
vertical lines disposed around the periphery of the collar, and intersecting each
other.
The vertical lines which are marked q is the pressure scale and is denoted by
figures 1, 2, 3 &c, while the horizontal lines marked and lettered A B C &c are to
denote the parallelism of the rolls, and at the same time the exact distance they are
apart; so that when the horizontal pointers p² of the fingers on both housings
point to the same horizontal line, the rolls are in a perfect line with respect to
each other; that is to say, the rolling faces of the rolls are parallel; but when the
pointer part p³ and the middle of the finger is opposite the vertical lines, then it
indicates the amount of pressure, or the extent to which the pressure screws have
been advanced or withdrawn.
The horizontal lines indicating the parallelism of the rolls I preferably line in
different colors by which means they are more readily read off than where they
are simple rings or lines cut out of the metal of the collar.
By constructing the combined pressure and parallel indicators as described, a
person can at a glance see whether or not the rolls have been properly adjusted,
which is unattainable by the ordinary method of indicating by chalk marks;
thereby minimising injury, and breakage to the rolls.
Thus the pressure and parallelism of the rolls indicator, consists essentially of an
adjustable loose collar fixed to the pressure screw, and having around it graduated
horizontal lines, intersected by vertical lines. The gauge and distance of the lines
are determined or delineated in accordance with the size and pitch of the pres-
sure screws, which raise and lower the upper roll of the pair of rolls. When the

page_text: surface of the rolls are in close proximity, or are screwed down tight upon each
other, the duplex end of the finger points both to the top horizontal line, and to
the middle or O vertical line as shown in the enlarged view figure 2; but on the
rolls requiring to be divided or opened out for the rolling of the required gauge of
metal, it is only necessary to rotate or raise the pressure screws until the pointers p³
of the fingers point to the vertical line say N° 2, and with the pointers på standing
upon the second line from top; so that the former scale indicates that the screws
have been advanced or withdrawn to the same extent, while the horizontal line
indicates that the adjustment of each pressure screw is the same, or is in the same
turn, thereby indicating that the acting faces of the rolls are parallel.
Where chalk or other marks are employed to indicate the relative positions of
the pressure screws, it commonly happens that little or no reliance can be placed
upon such means, as there is nothing to indicate or guide a person in setting the
rolls whether the pressure screws have had one or more turns imparted to them,
although the pointers may indicate corresponding numbers. Thus one pointer
may stand at six on one scale, and having only received one turn, while the second
pointer may also stand at six, and its pressure screw may have had two turns.
Instead of the pinions being made hollow, or partially hollow up their middles,
they may be made solid with extended ends and connected to the breaking
spindles by coupling boxes as represented in figure 8.
Having now particularly described. and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
First. Forming the pinions f which turn and couple the rolls, hollow, or partially
hollow, so as to form sockets wherein the outer ends of the breaking spindles are
inserted, and also in providing the said pinions whether hollow or solid, with
extended bearing shanks or necks f³, substantially as described and set forth.
Secondly. Making the bearing bracket g, through which the pinion shanks or
extended necks pass, solid or all in one piece, whether the said bracket be supported
upon a bed or upon a base plate, substantially as described and set forth.
Thirdly. Providing the pressure screws, or other means employed for the raising
and adjusting of the rolls with adjustable or fixed collars k, around which hori-
zontal and vertical intersecting lines cross, in planes at right angles to each other,
and which said intersecting lines or divisions constitute the two scales,-viz.—a
pressure scale, and a scale for indicating the parallelism and distance apart of the
rolls, substantially as described and illustrated.
Fourthly. Indicating pressure, parallelism and the distance apart of the rolls,
by a single pointer provided with a crutch like top, which points to two scales at
the same time, substantially as described and set forth.
Fifthly. The general construction and arrangement of the parts of rolling mills;
whether the pinions be formed hollow, wherein the outward ends of the breaking
spindles are inserted, or whether the said pinions, be made solid with projecting
ends, and connected together by coupling boxes or sleeves, substantially as
described and illustrated in figure 1.