and other Vehicles.
Year: 1886

page_text: and other Vehicles.
I GEORGE THOMAS WARWICK of Springfield Massachusetts in the United States
of America Machinist, but now of Birmingham in the County of Warwick do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Hitherto the backbones, and forks of bicycles and similar vehicles have been
made from tubes of one guage or strength from one end to the other.
It is found that the constant strain sometimes causes them to break and this
invariably takes place at the point where they are joined to the neck and head.
My improved or strengthened backbone and fork consists of tubes made of a thicker
guage of metal at the part where the respective tubes are fitted and brazed to the
neck and head of the vehicle and lightened towards their respective lower heads.
This lightening of the guage of the metal at the part where strength is least
required is accomplished either by tapering rolls, or drawing on a taper mandril,
or by turning the tube taper in a lathe and afterwards drawing it through a suitable
die or drawhole which process gives a parallel surface to the outside of the tube.
It will be understood that my improved backbone and fork sides can be made
much lighter and far more rigid than those now generally in use.
.;

page_text: and other venicies.
I GEORGE THOMAS WARWICK of Springfield Massachusetts in the United States
of America Machinist but now of Birmingham in the County of Warwick do
hereby declare the nature of my said invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN BACKBONES
AND FORKS OF BICYCLES, TRICYCLES AND OTHER VEHICLES and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
Hitherto the Backbone and Fork of Bicycles Tricycles and similar Vehicles have
been made from tubes of one guage or strength from one end to the other.
It is found that the constant strain sometimes causes them to break and this
invariably takes place at the point where they are joined to the neck and head.
My improved or strengthened Backbone and fork consists of tubes made of a
thicker guage of metal at the part where the respective tubes are fitted and
brazed to the neck and head of the vehicle and lightened towards their respective
lower ends.
+
This lightening of the guage of the metal at the part where strength is least
required is accomplished either by tapering rolls or drawing on a taper mandril or
by turning the tube taper in a lathe and afterwards drawing it through a suitable
die or drawhole which process gives a parallel surface to the outside of the tube.
It will be understood that my improved backbone and fork sides can be made
much lighter and far more rigid than those generally in use.
In order that my said Invention may be readily understood I will now proceed
to describe it by the aid of the accompanying sheet of drawings.
Similar letters of reference denote similar parts in each figure in which they
occur.
"
Fig. 1. Shews by a side elevation a piece of weldless or other tube parallel both
outside and inside this I roll draw or turn to the required taper it is then shaped
as represented in fig. 2. the bore being still parallel the end " is left nearly or
quite its original thickness or guage of metal and the end "b" has the metal
thinned down as before described.
Or in some cases I take the tube as shewn in Fig. 1 and put inside it a suitable
taper mandril and then draw it through a parallel hole on an ordinary drawbench
this will give it the shape shewn in longitudinal section in Fig. 3 the outside of
the tube being parallel and the inside tapered or otherwise reduced towards its
lower end the hole being smallest and the metal thickest at "a" and the hole
being largest and the metal thinnest at "b¹."
The tube having been formed as at Fig. 3 has one end tapered by drawing or
otherwise as shewn from "c" to "c1" in Fig. 4 to receive the back fork.
Fig. 5 shews (mostly in section) a backbone for a bicycle, Tricycle or other
vehicle according to my invention.
Fig. 6 shews (mostly in section) a fork side made according to my invention.
I wish it to be understood that I do not limit myself to the exact construction
and mode of manufacture described nor to the exact configuration of parts herein-
before described and shewn upon the accompanying drawing as I hold myself at

page_text: liberty to vary them somewhat while not departing essentially from my said inven-
tion especially I may make the taper of the tubes not a perfect or regular taper
but I may make it of somewhat varied internal section.
I am aware that in some cases "backbones" have had strengthening pieces
inserted at the end where they have been connected to the "neck" and also that
"backbones" have been filed or otherwise made thinner by removal of metal at
the bottom end for the purpose of lightening but neither of these methods attain
the object so well as I do by my present invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
First. The construction of Backbones and Fork sides for Bicycles Tricycles and
similar Vehicles of tubes having an internal tapered bore as shewn in figs. 3. 4. 5
and 6 substantially as herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
Second. The construction of Backbones and fork sides for bicycles tricycles and
similar Vehicles of tubes having an irregular internal section and having the metal
of a thicker guage at the one end than at the other substantially as hereinbefore
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated the 13th day of July 1886.
Witness,
J. EMERY DAVIES,
Solr,
Birmingham,
GEO. THO. WARWICK.

page_text: :
Improvements in Backbones and Forks of Bicycles, Tricycles,
and other Vehicles.
I GEORGE THOMAS WARWICK of Springfield Massachusetts in the United States
of America Machinist, but now of Birmingham in the County of Warwick do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Hitherto the backbones and forks of bicycles and similar vehicles have been
made from tubes of one guage or strength from one end to the other.
It is found that the constant strain sometimes causes them to break and this
invariably takes place at the point where they are joined to the neck and head.
My improved or strengthened backbone and fork consists of tubes made of a thicker
guage of metal at the part where the respective tubes are fitted and brazed to the
neck and head of the vehicle and lightened towards their respective lower heads.
This lightening of the guage of the metal at the part where strength is least
required is accomplished either by tapering trolls, or drawing on a taper mandril,
or by turning the tube taper in a lathe and afterwards drawing it through a suitable
die or drawhole which process gives a parallel surface to the outside of the tube.
It will be understood that my improved backbone and fork sides can be made
much lighter and far more rigid than those now generally in use.
D1
.
1000

page_text: Improvements in Backbones and Forks of Bicycles, Tricycles,
and other Vehicles.
I GEORGE THOMAS WARWICK of Springfield Massachusetts in the United States
of America Machinist but now of Birmingham in the County of Warwick do
bereby declare the nature of my said invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN BACKBONES
AND FORKS OF BICYCLES, TRICYCLES AND OTHER VEHICLES and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
Hitherto the Backbone and Fork of Bicycles Tricycles and similar Vehicles bave
been made from tubes of one guage or strength from one end to the other.
It is found that the constant strain sometimes causes them to break and this
invariably takes place at the point where they are joined to the neck and head.
My improved or strengthened Backbone and fork consists of tubes made of a
thicker guage of metal at the part where the respective tubes are fitted and
brazed to the neck and head of the vehicle and lightened towards their respective
lower ends.
This lightening of the guage of the metal at the part where strength is least
required is accomplished either by tapering rolls or drawing on a taper mandril or
by turning the tube taper in a lathe and afterwards drawing it through a suitable
die or drawhole which process gives a parallel surface to the outside of the tube.
It will be understood that my improved backbone and fork sides can be made
much lighter and far more rigid than those generally in use.
In order that my said Invention may be readily understood I will now proceed
to describe it by the aid of the accompanying sheet of drawings.
Similar letters of reference denote similar parts in each figure in which they
occur.
Fig. 1. Shews by a side elevation a piece of weldless or other tube parallel both
outside and inside this I roll draw or turn to the required taper it is then shaped
as represented in fig. 2 the bore being still parallel the end "a" is left nearly or
quite its original thickness or guage of metal and the end "6" has the metal
thinned down as before described.
Or in some cases I take the tube as shewn in Fig. 1 and put inside it a suitable
taper mandril and then draw it through a parallel hole on an ordinary drawbench
this will give it the shape shewn in longitudinal section in Fig. 3 the outside of
the tube being parallel and the inside tapered or otherwise reduced towards its
lower end the hole being smallest and the metal thickest at "a" and the hole
being largest and the metal thinnest at "b"
The tube having been formed as at Fig. 3 has one end tapered by drawing or
otherwise as shewn from "c" to "c" in Fig. 4 to receive the back fork.
Fig. 5 sbews (mostly in section) a backbone for a bicycle, Tricycle or other
vehicle according to my invention.
Fig. 6 shews (mostly in section) a fork side made according to my invention.
I wish it to be understood that I do not limit myself to the exact construction
and mode of manufacture described nor to the exact configuration of parts herein-
before described and shewn upon the accompanying drawing as I hold myself at

page_text: liberty to vary them somewhat while not departing essentially from my said inven-
tion especially I may make the taper of the tubes not a perfect or regular taper
but I may make it of somewhat varied internal section.
I am aware that in some cases " backbones "have had strengthening pieces
inserted at the end where they have been connected to the "neck" and also that
*backbones" have been filed or otherwise made thinner by removal of metal at
the bottom end for the purpose of lightening but neither of these methods attain
the object so well as I do by my present invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
First. The construction of Backbones and Fork sides for Bicycles Tricycles and
similar Vehicles of tubes having an internal tapered bore as shewn in figs. 3. 4. 5
and 6 substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
Second. The construction of Backbones and fork sides for bicycles tricycles and
similar Vehicles of tubes having an irregular internal section and having the metal
of a thicker guage at the one end than at the other substantially as hereinbefore
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated the 13th day of July 1886.
Witness,
J. EMERY DAVIES,
Solr,
Birmingham.
GEO. THO. WARWICK.