IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO "THROSTLE' AND DOUBLING FRAMES AND MACHINES OF LIKE CHARACTER FOR SPINNING, TWISTING, AND DOUBLING FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Bernhardt, of the Firm of J. C. Milns
& Co., Radcliffe, in the County of Lancaster, Spinners and Manu-
facturers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO
"THROSTLE' AND DOUBLING FRAMES AND MACHINES OF LIKE CHARACTER FOR
SPINNING, TWISTING, AND DOUBLING FIBROUS MATERIALS."
Sealed the 12th November 1867, and dated the 17th May 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Bernhardt at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th May 1867.
I, GEORGE BERNHARDT, of the Firm of J. C. Milns & Co., Radcliffe,
in the County of Lancaster, Spinners and Manufacturers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO
THROSTLE' AND DOUBLING FRAMES AND MACHINES OF LIKE CHARACTER FOR
SPINNING, TWISTING, AND DOUBLING FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
Firstly, my Invention consists in the application and use in machines above
mentioned of bobbins with bevelled ends instead of the square ended bobbins
hitherto used, by which application there is less breakage of yarn in
unwinding the thread, and the "ends" are more readily found when broken.
Secondly, my Invention relates to a modification of the ordinary tra-
verse or "copping motion" for distributing the thread upon the bobbins, so
that the extent of traverse will gradually increase as the bobbins fill with
thread to suit the taper or bevelled ends of the bobbins used according to the
first part of my Invention, and this modification of the "copping motion"

page_text: consists in arranging the "heart wheel" so that it may be made more or less
eccentric in relation to its axis or in transmitting the motion of the "heart
wheel" through a lever, the proportions of which in relation to its fulcrum
are gradually changed by altering the position of the fulcrum of the lever or
by altering a stud capable of sliding in the lever, this stud being connected
to a rod transmitting the motion. The stud or fulcrum is acted upon by a
screw or other mechanism which receives motion from the reciprocations of
the lever or its connected mechanism, and this mechanism for changing the
position of the fulcrum or stud is arranged so as to be readily brought in or
out of gear, and so as to be adjustable and capable of altering the speed of
the changing mechanism by using ratchet clicks and wheels with adjustable
stops to vary the length of the stroke of the click upon the ratchet wheel,
The changes in the eccentricity of the "heart wheel" are produced by a screw
which receives motion at every revolution of the wheel.
Thirdly, my Invention consists in giving motion to the cloth upon which
the bobbins rest when spinning called the "drag cloth" by which the "drag"
upon the thread in spinning is rendered more uniform. This is accomplished
by making short slots in the drag cloth, one for each spindle in the length-
way of the copping rail, and in giving the cloth a slow reciprocating
movement in the same direction. The drag cloth may be sewed or otherwise
secured to thin sheets of metal or other material so that the cloth will move
with the sheet or sheets. The motion may be obtained by cranks and wheel-
work.or from the motion of the copping rail acting upon inclined slots in parts
attached to or connected with the drag cloth.
Fourthly, my Invention relates to an improved combination and arrange-
ment of mechanism for "doffing," that is, removing the bobbins filled with
thread and replacing them with empty bobbins, which operations are performed
simultaneously for all the spindles by mechanism actuated by turning handles
so that considerable time and labor is saved. The mechanism is the same
for both sides of the "frame." A rail is arranged from end to end of the
machine parallel to the line of the spindles, and it is mounted upon rods
placed in a horizontal position at a right angle to it, which rods can slide the
rail to and from the spindles, the motion being obtained from pinions gearing
with racks upon the rods, the pinions being secured upon a shaft passing from
end to end of the "frame," the same shaft operating the rails for both sides
of the "frame." This rail has a hook for each flyer, so that when the rail
is pushed forward the flyers will be held when the spindles are withdrawn ;
there is also a second rail mounted, arranged, and actuated in a similar
manner to the flyer hook rail, and this second rail carries a fork for each

page_text: spindle, which fork carries the empty bobbin over the spindle; and in doing so
pushes the full bobbin from the copping rail; whilst the machine is spinning
the empty bobbins are placed in holes in the curl wire board or roller
beam, and rest upon a rail passing from end to end of the "frame," and
capable of sliding vertically up and down, this empty bobbin rail being con-
nected with and receiving motion from the bottom spindle or footstep rail,
which is arranged to slide up and down vertically, being actuated by
pinions on a shaft passing from end to end of the frame, gearing with
toothed racks secured to the lower spindle rail. The cover for the footsteps
of the spindle rail rises and falls with the footstep spindle rail, but when near
the lowest position of the latter the cover is made to rest upon stops, so as
to leave a space to oil. the footsteps of the spindles. Upon the footstep.
spindle rail a shaft passing from end to end of the rail is arranged in
bearings so as to act as an eccentric when rotated, and press upon the bottom
of each spindle, which is either fluted or roughened or plain, the eccentric shaft
acting through an elastic substance or spring arrangement, but this may be
dispensed with if a flat notch is made upon each spindle, the object being to
hold all the spindles or lock them fast to prevent them from revolving. Troughs
are applied to the front of the copping rail to receive the full bobbins when
discharged from the spindles and hold them till sufficient thread is draw from
them and wound upon the empty bobbins; these troughs may be made
so as to be removed from one frame to another, or they may be made of thin
sheets of metal or other material hinged together to fold flat against the
rail when the machine is spinning, and to open out to form a V trough
when required to receive the full bobbins. The same handle or hand wheel
actuates both of the shafts for the flyer hook rail, and the empty bobbin fork
rail, this handle having end movements to engage with one clutch and dis-
engage with the other. Handles or hand wheels are also used to turn the tin
roller and give motion to the toothed racks actuating the footstep spindle rail.
The manner of operating the mechanism is as follows:-A slight oscillating
motion is given to the tin roller, and at the same time the flyer hook rail is
slided towards the spindles till one of the legs of each flyer is against the rail;
then the spindles are locked fast by the excentric shaft, and then the flyer
hook rail is again pressed forward to its fullest extent and this acts upon each
flyer to partly unscrew it, the hooks coming immediately under the upper part
of the legs of the flyers, and now the spindles are unlocked and the tin roller
is turned to completely unscrew the flyers from the ends of the spindles,
leaving them on the hooks; then the footstep rail is lowered to withdraw the
spindles from the bobbins which are left upon the copping rail, and by this

page_text: act the empty bobbins are lowered to a level a little above the copping rail;
then the empty bobbin fork rail is made to advance and carry the bobbins
over the spindles, and in the act push the full bobbins into the trough in front
of the copping rail; when the footstep rail is again lifted to its first position
and the empty bobbin fork rail is withdrawn, the tin roller is turned to screw
the flyers upon the spindles, and then the flyer hooks are withdrawn and the
spindles are still further rotated to wind sufficient thread on to the empty
bobbins from the full bobbins, the threads between the two are then broken
and the "doffing" operation is finished. The excentric shaft may be dispensed
with if one leg of each flyer is first brought against the hook rail, and then
the tin roller is suddenly reversed one or more times to strike the other leg of
each flyer against the hook rail so as to loosen them.
My improved doffing combination and arrangement may be modified by
making the footstep fixed, and arranging the flyer and the "curl board" so as
to lift vertically, and the copping rail to lift to discharge. the full bobbins and
receive the empty ones, the empty bobbin rail only sliding horizontally and
forming part of the fork rail. If required the footstep rails and. bearings for
the tin roller may all be attached to one frame and made to rise and fall
together, or the tin roller may be placed in bearings working in vertical slides
and actuated by gearing connected with the footstep rails.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Bernhardt in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
15th November 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
BERNHARDT, of the Firm of J. C. Milns & Co., Radcliffe, in the County of:
Lancaster, Spinners and Manufacturers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria; by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said George Bernhardt, Her special license that I, the said George Bernhardt,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
George Bernhardt, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain

page_text: and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM
PROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO THROSTLE' AND DOUBLING FRAMES AND
MACHINES OF LIKE CHARACTER FOR SPINNING, TWISTING, AND DOUBLING FIBROUS
MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said George
Bernhardt, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should.
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Bernhardt, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and the accompanying Drawings (that is to say):-
Firstly, my Invention consists in the application and use in machines
above mentioned of bobbins with bevelled ends instead of the square ended
bobbins hitherto used, by which application there is less breakage of yarn
in unwinding the thread, and the "ends" are more readily found when broken.
Bevil ended bobbins (a) are shewn by Figures 1 and 2 of the Drawings.
Secondly, my Invention relates to a modification of the ordinary traverse
or copping motion for distributing the thread upon the bobbins so that the
extent of traverse will gradually increase as the bobbius fill with thread to
suit the taper or bevelled ends of the bobbins used according to the first part
of my Invention.
One modification for carrying out this part of my Invention is illustrated
by Figures 3, 4, and 5. Fig. 3 is a side sectional view fiew, Fig. 4 a plan
sectional view, and Fig. 5 an end sectional view. In this modification the
ordinary heart wheel is arranged upon its axis so that it can be made more
or less excentric.
a, the framing; b, a bracket carrying heart wheel shaft (c); d, worm wheel
on the lower end of the heart wheel shaft; e, heart wheel; f, bowls in the
ordinary slide bar (9), having teeth which gear with the wheels on the
copping rail shafts (h). A part (c¹) is placed upon the end of the heart
wheel shaft (c) in which a slide may be formed, or the heart wheel may have
slots in it which fit bolts (c) screwed in the part (c), as shown. The part
(c) has a screw shaft (c) fitted in it, as shewn, which screws into a piece fixed
in the heart wheel (6); upon the end of this shaft (³) a toothed wheel (c)
is placed, which at each revolution will come against a pin (5) which may
be adjustable up and down in a socket in the frame, and secured by a set
screw, and this pin will turn the wheel (c) one tooth each revolution of the

page_text: heart wheel. The teeth in the wheel (c) and the pitch of the screw (c³) are
so regulated that one tooth of movement at each revolution will vary the
excentricity of the heart wheel as required. The arrangement of mechanism
above described does not produce a perfectly uniform traverse, like the fixed
heart wheel, but as the required amount of excentricity from the true position
of the heart wheel is but small, the arrangement produces a sufficiently near
approximation to a uniform traverse.
Figs. 6, 7, and 8 illustrate another modification where the traverse is
perfectly uniform. Fig. 6 is a plan, Fig. 7 a side sectional view, and
Fig. 8 an end view. This mechanism is supposed to be mounted upon the
framing (a) upon one bracket (6), which contains a bearing for the heart
wheel shaft (c); the heart wheel (e) is fixed upon the top, and the
worm wheel (d) upon the bottom of the shaft (c). From the boss of the.
bearing of the heart wheel shaft there are two projections. formed into
dovetail slides (61), upon which a bar (9) slides that carries the bowls (f)
which come against the edge of the heart wheel. To the bar (g¹) one end
of a lever (9) is jointed upon a stud (93), the other end of this lever has a
slot in it as shown, and works upon a stud (9) in the toothed bar (9) which
gears with the wheels (h¹) upon the copping rail shafts (h). The centre of
the lever (9) has a slot in it (as shown) in which a die fits, so as to slide
the lengthway of the slot, and this die swivels upon a stud (95), forming the
fulcrum of the lever (9) from a dovetail part (9º) made to slide in projections
from the bracket (6). The position of this slide (9) is adjusted by a screw;
shaf (3) arranged as shown. Motion is
ratchet wheel (c) by means of an arm (c) loose upon the shaft (c), which
arm carries a pawl working upon the ratchet wheel. The back movements
of this arm (c) are limited by a pin in the frame, which pin may be made
adjustable so as to allow a greater or less extent of back movement. The:
forward movements of the arm are produced by a pin (c) in the toothed bar
(9), and the backward movements of the arm (c) by a weight or spring.
Friction may be applied to the arm (c) so that it remain stationary
when not acted upon, and the backward and forward movements may then
be given by two pins in the toothed bar (g) so that by varying the distance
between the pins the length of the movement of the arm may be regulated,
and consequently the ratchet wheel (c) may be made to move one or more
teeth at each reciprocation of the toothed bar (9). It will be seen that in
the arrangement just described the reciprocations produced by the heart
wheel are constantly the same, and that they are increased or diminished by
altering the position of the fulcrum (9') of the lever (9³). It will also be,
given to the screw shaft by a
may

page_text: seen that the heart wheel may be arranged to give motion to a lever having
its fulcrum either at one end or between its two ends, and that motion may
be taken from the lever by a connecting rod to the toothed bar (g), so that
by making a curved slot in the lever to a radius equal to the length of the
connecting rod a greater or less amount of movement will be transmitted
according to the position of the end of the connecting rod in the curved slot
in the lever, this being regulated by a serew shaft, one end of which has its
bearing upon a swivel in the lever, the screw shaft carrying a ratchet (c')
and pawl arm (c), as in Figs. 6 and 7, but as the screw shaft will reciprocate
with the lever pins fixed in the framing will have to be used for giving
motion to the pawl arm. In using the mechanism above described the
screws (3) will have to be turned by a suitable handle (7), see Fig. 7), so as
to bring the heart wheel in Figs. 3 and 4 or the stud (95) in Figs. 7 and 8
back to the proper position when the machine is started with a new set of
empty bobbins. Instead of the screws (c³) used in the modifications shown
by Figs. 3, 4, and 5, and Figs. 6, 7, and 8, shafts (3) may be substituted, and
upon each shaft a drum cam may be fixed, arranged to act upon a pin fixed
in the heart wheel (e), or upon a pin in the slide (9), and this cam may be so
shaped as to give the required extent of movement forward and back ward in
one revolution, that is, so shaped that the heart wheel (e) or slide (9%) will
be moved slowly in one direction so as to increase the traverse from the
beginning of the empty bobbin until the last two or three layers, and then
move the heart wheel (e) or the slide (g) back in the opposite direction
quickly, during the last two or three layers, so that when the last layer
is wound upon the bobbins the heart wheel (e) or slide (9) will be in the
proper position for a frest set of empty bobbins. The wheels (c) upon the
shafts (3) with the arrangement last described must have as many teeth as
there are layers or double layers of thread upon the bobbins, and these wheels
should make as many movements to complete one revolution as there are
layers or double layers of thread wound upon the bobbins.
Thirdly, my Invention consists in giving motion to the cloth upon which
the bobbins rest when spinning called the "drag cloth," by which motion the
drag" upon the thread in spinning is rendered more uniform; this is accom-
plished by making short slots in the drag cloth, one for each spindle in the length-
way of the copping rail, and in giving the cloth a slow reciprocating movement
in the same direction. The drag cloth may be sewed or otherwise secured to
thin sheets or strips of metal or other suitable material, so that the cloth will
move with the sheet or strip of metal. The motion may be obtained from
crauks and wheelwork, or from the motion of the copping rail acting upon

page_text: }
incline slots in parts attached to or connected with the plates or strips of
metal. Fig. 9 is a plan showing a portion of a strip of metal (k) with the
drag cloth (1) applied, and Fig. 10 is an end section thereof, and a section
of the rail upon which it rests. k, slots in the plate and drag cloth for the
spindles to pass through; ³, screws passing through slots in the plate and
drag cloth into the spindle rail (9) for guiding and securing the plate (k).
Fourthly, my Invention relates' to an improved combination and arrange-
ment of mechanism for doffing, that is, removing the bobbins filled with
thread and replacing them with empty bobbins, which operations are per-
formed simultaneously for all the. spindles in one machine by mechanism
actuated by turning handles, so that much time and labor are saved.
; The first modification under this part of my Invention is illustrated by
Figs. 1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawings.
.
Fig. 1 is a front elevation of part of a frame at one end, and Fig. 2 a cross
sectional elevation, these Figures shewing so much of the mechanism of a
"throstle frame" as will be necessary for explaining this part of my Invention.
The mechanism is the same upon both sides of the frame.
a is the framing; the lower parts of the framing may be secured to the
floor of the room in which the machine is used, or to a bar (a¹) passing under
the feet of the machine, or suitable cross stays may be used; a³ is the roller
beam to the ordinary drawing rollers; 6¹ are weights for weighting the front
top rollers, the rods from the weights being bent and arranged as shown to
give clearance for the mechanism to be herein-after described; c, the rovings;
d, the tin drum or roller driving the spindles (e) by bands; f, the footstep
spindle rails; g, the copping spindle rails; h, the shafts for giving the up-s
and-down movements to the copping spindle rails (g); and a³, the bobbins
upon the spindles; e, the flyers upon the spindles; k, the curl wire hinged
board. The parts above mentioned are all ordinary and well known, but
some of them are arranged and modified in a manner which will be herein-
after described. In the ordinary throstle frame the footstep spindle rail (f) {
is fixed to the framing, but to carry out one modification of my Invention the
footstep rail upon each side is secured to a bar (f¹) extending from one side
to the other side of the frame, and this bar has projections which are arranged.
to slide in the grooves (9¹) for the copping rail slides; there are several of
these bars (¹) in the length of the frame, one at each cross frame or "spring
piece," and they are arranged alternately on one side of one cross frame or
** spring piece," and then on the other side of the next cross frame or "spring
piece. These cross bars (f¹) are made to slide up and down by a shaft (ƒ³)
passing from end to end of the frame, there being a pinion (f³) upon the shaft

page_text: for each bar (f), which geers with a toothed rack formed upon each bar as
shown. Counterbalance weights may be used to balance all or a part of the
weight of the footstep spindle rails, together with the spindles and other parts
connected therewith, and these weights may be applied by attaching chains or
bands to the cross bars (f¹), and passing each chain or band over a pulley
supported by the framing, and suspending the counterbalance weight at the
end of each chain or band. A separate shaft (f) may be employed for each
side, each shaft having pinions to act upon toothed racks placed in suitable
guides. The covers (f) to the spindle footsteps are mounted upon short
stems (a) sliding through the footstep rail, and these stems come in contact
with projections from the framing a little before the footstep rail (f) arrives
in its lowest position, and by this means the cover is sustained above the foot-
step rail when at its lowest position, as shown, thus leaving space to oil the
footsteps. The tin roller (d) is placed in a position about level with a line
midway between the position of the warves upon the spindles when spinning,
and the lowest position of the warves, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, by which
arrangement the driving bands will not have to stretch to allow of the descent
of the spindles. To cause the spindles (e) to descend with certainty when
the footstep rail (f) is lowered stands (f) are fixed in the footstep rail to
carry a rod (f) passing just above and clear of the warves, as shown, and
this rod (f) will come in contact with the warves if the spindles tend to stick
when the footstep rail descends. The tin drum or drums (d) may be placed
in the most suitable position for driving the spindles when spinning, and the
bearings of the tin drum or drums may be mounted upon the cross bars (f¹)
so as to rise and fall with the footstep rail. Rotating motion is conveyed to
the tin drum (d) when arranged as last described by an arm fixed upon the
end of a shaft, which may be considered the end of the tin drum shaft, but
detached from it, this shaft will be in an axial line with the tin drum when
spinning; the said arm has a slot in it equal to the greatest length which the
tin drum will have to be lowered, and in this slot a pin or stud will fit, which
stud is fixed in a corresponding arm upon the end of the tin drum axis, con-
sequently the slotted arm will rotate the crank arm upon the tin drum axis
when the tin drum and its driving shaft are both in or about the same axial
line, and this arrangement will permit the tin drum to be lowered without
disengaging the driving connection between the short driving shaft and the tin
drum. Upon the footstep rail (f) there are brackets (1) at intervals, which
form bearings for an excentric shaft (7). The shaft (1) upon one side may
be connected by cross shaft (2), and bevel wheels with the shaft (l) upon
the other side of the frame, so that both shafts (1) may be turned by one.

page_text: bandle (3). When these shafts (1) are turned in one position they are clear
of the spindles, but when in the other position they will come against the
spindles, that is, against a flat surface (2) formed upon each spindle, there being
two of these flat surfaces upon each spindle, one on one side, and the other
upon the opposite side of each spindle.
The object of the arrangement just described is to "lock" all the spindles
and prevent them from being rotated. This object may be accomplished by
an excentric shaft or other arrangement acting through elastic material or
through a spring upon a milled or roughened surface upon the spindle, but I
prefer the excentric (7) and flat surfaces (e²) upon the spindles, as above
described. When the spindles are all locked fast the flat surfaces made upon
them being then parallel to the excentric shaft (1) a line passing between the
legs of each flyer then stands at about an angle of 40 degrees to the excentric
shaft. If the flat surfaces are first made upon the spindles the flyers must be
fitted upon the spindles so that when screwed close to the shoulder upon the
spindle a line passing from one leg to the other leg of the flyer will be at about
an angle of 40 degrees to the flat surfaces formed upon the spindle. To each
of the brackets (1) forming the bearings for the excentric shafts (1) a
rod (m) is secured, to the upper ends of which a thin beam plate (m) is
attached which passes from end to end of the frame, except that there are
breaks at each cross frame or "spring piece." This beam (m) forms a cover
to the mechanism, and its upper surface forms a table which is arranged to
be upon a level (or a little above) the upper surface of the copping spindle
rail (g) when the footstep rail (f) is at its lowest position, as shown in
Fig. 2; but when the footstep rail (f) is in its highest position, as when
spinning, the table surface of the beam (m) is just under the roller beam (a²)
in which holes (a*) are formed, one opposite each spindle for the empty
bobbins (a and ¹) which will pass through the holes in the roller beam and
rest upon the table surface of the beam (m) which will lower the empty
bobbins through the holes when the footstep rail is lowered. The shaft (f)
for actuating the footstep rails (f) and connected parts is rotated by a
wheel (f) in gear with a pinion (f) upon the boss of a hand wheel (ƒ³)
working loose upon the boss of the bearing for the tin drum, and a pawl or
catch (not shown) is made to take hold of a projection or tooth upon the
hand wheel (f) or wheel (f") to prevent it from moving when the footstep
rails are at their highest position. The footstep rails when at their highest
position may be held up by latches or catches at each cross frame, these
latches being brought under the rails by springs or weights, and they are
removed when the rails are to be lowered by arms or cams upon the excentric

page_text: shafts (1) by slightly turning these shafts in the direction for locking the
spindles. When the tin drum is made to rise and fall with the footstep rails
the bearing for the haud wheel (f) will have to be placed upon an inde-
pendent stud or bearing secured to the framing. At intervals in the length.
of the frame carriers (a³) are placed, secured to the roller beam (a³) to form
bearings for two sets of sliding racks (n and p); each set of sliding racks is
actuated by a separate shaft (n¹ and p¹) which has one pinion upon it for each
set of sliding racks. The shaft (¹) for the upper series of racks (n) is
turned by a handle (n²), and the shaft (p¹) for the lower series of racks (p)
is actuated by means of a hand wheel (p³). Each pinion acts upon one rack?
above and upon the other rack below its shaft, consequently both racks in
each series are slided outwards or inwards by the same movement of the
shaft. Upon the ends of each set of sliding racks rails are secured which pass
from end to end of the frame with the exception of breaks at each cross.
frame. The rails (2³) upon the upper racks (n) are made of cast iron and
are formed with three projections opposite each spindle; two of these pro-
jections (n) turn upwards, and. one of them passes upon one side and the
other upon the other side of the spindle, and the third projection (nº) stands
out in a horizontal direction; a detached plan view, full size, of one set of
these projections is shewn in Figure 11 and an end view by Figure 11*;.
these projections (n' and n³) may be made separate from the rail and attached.
thereto. To the ends of the lower set of racks (p) parts (p³) are secured,
each of which forms a bearing for the pivot (p') of a rail (p3) made of cast'
iron; these rails form empty bobbin carriers, there being one receptacle for
a bobbin (x or a¹) opposite to each spindle. A portion of an empty bobbin
rail (p) is shewn detached (full size) by Figure 12 a plan, Figure 13 an:
edge, and Figure 14 an end view; the bobbin holders shown are shaped for:
bevel ended. bobbins (a), but they are also applicable for square ended
bobbius (¹).
a.
The manner in which the bobbins are carried by the holders is shewn in
Figures 12 and 13, where the bobbins (a and a¹) are partly represented by.
peculiar dotted line. The bobbin carriers (p³) are so arranged that they will.
fall at the front side by their own weight, and they have fallen into this
position when they are brought forward to take hold of the bobbin so that the
front edges of the holders may pass under the heads of the bobbins, and when
the holders have carried the bobbins forward they are allowed to fall to get
clear of the bobbins before being withdrawn. The movements of the bobbin
holder are regulated by a cam groove formed in a part (p³) secured to a flat
spring (p), the lower end of which spring is secured against the cross frame ;-

page_text: there is a separate cam part (p) to each bobbin rail (p³). The bobbin rail
has an arm (p) upon its end, which arm has a pin in it that enters the cam
groove. When the footstep rail bėgins to rise from its lowest position a
projection (p) from the bobbin table plate (m) strikes against an incline upon
the spring (p) carrying the cam part (p), and forces it back until the end of
the pin in the arm (p³) upon the bobbin rail is released from the cam groove,
and this allows the bobbin rail (p³) to fall and release the empty bobbins ;
then the bobbin rail is drawn back. When the footstep rail (f) is again
lowered the spring cam part (6) is released and comes forward so as to catch
the pin in the arm (p³) from the bobbin rail (p³), when it again comes
forward, causing the bobbin carrying rail (ps) to assume the horizontal
position by the time it arrives at the bobbins upon the empty bobbin table (m).
When the throstle is spinning the footstep rails (f) are at their highest
position, the excentric shafts (1) are clear of the spindles (e), the flyer rails (2³)
and bobbin rails (p³) are drawn back, and while the machine is spinning
empty bobbins are placed in the holes (a) in the roller beams (a²), as shown
by dotted line in Figure 2; the machine is then stopped when the copping
rails (9) are in mid position; then by means of the hand wheel (d¹) upon
the end of the tin drum (d) a slight to-and-fro or oscillating motion is given
to it, and at the same time the handle (n³) is turned slowly to advance
the flyer rails (n³) so that the projection (n³) for each spindle will come
against one leg of each flyer (¹); when this is done the motion of the tin
drum (d) and flyer rails (n³) is then stopped, the flyers then standing at about
an angle of 40 degrees to the line of the rails, then the excentric shafts (1)
are turned to lock all the spindles in this position; and now the flyer rails (n³)
are again pushed forward by the handle (n³), and as the spindles cannot turn
the flyers are partly unscrewed as that leg of each flyer is brought against the
rail, which by the motion imparted to it will unscrew the flyer. The flyer
rail (n³) advances until both legs of each flyer come against the face of the
rail, as shewn in the Drawings, the upturned 'projections (n') passing under
the legs of each flyer. When the flyer rail has arrived in this position all the
flyers are sufficiently unscrewed or slackened to allow them to be completely
unscrewed off the ends of the spindles, and this is done by unlocking the
spindles by turning the excentric shafts (1) and then turning the tin drum (d),
and thus rotating the spindles to unscrew the flyers which rest upon the tips
of the spindles; then the footstep rail (✓) is lowered by means of the hand
wheel (f) into the position shown in the Drawings by Figures 1 and 2;
then the empty bobbin rails (p³) move forward and the holders pass under
the heads of the bobbins, which have been lowered by the movement of the

page_text: footstep rail (f), and will carry them from the table over the points of the
spindles, as shown in Figure 2. When the empty bobbins are pushed
forward they come in contact with the full bobbins (**) which stand upon
the copping spindle rail (9) and push them off the rail into a trough or
receptacle in front; the footstep rail (f) is now made to ascend, and when
it has ascended a little way the projection (p) releases the bobbin carriers (p³)
from the cam grooves (p) so that they may be withdrawn. When the
footstep rail has attained its-highest level the tin drum (d) is turned to screw
the flyers upon the spindles, and when this is done the flyer rails (n³) are
withdrawn, and the spindles are then rotated by turning the tin drum to wind
sufficient thread from full bobbins to the empty bobbins, and then a steel
disc (r) with a square sharp edge which can rotate upon a handle (¹) is
made to roll from one end of the copping rail to the other, along a V-groove
in the rail, as, shewn on one side of Figure 2; this acts to cut the threads
between the full and empty bobbins, which completes the doffing operation.
The full bobbins fall into troughs made in lengths for about 12 spindles.
these troughs being suspended to the heads of screws (7³) in front of the
copping spindle rail (g) while the machine is spinning and just before the
machine is doffed. On one side in Figure 2 a plain trough (r) is shewn,
and upon the other side a trough is used with a false bottom which is pivoted
at each end upon an axis (r) and jointed at the edge nearest the copping
rail (9) with a plate or frame (7) passing from end to end of the trough.
The weight of this plate or frame (*) causes that side of the false bottom (24)
to which it is attached to descend so that the upper edge of the plate or
frame will then be below the edge of the trough; but when the full bobbins
(*) fall upon the false bottom (14) their weight causes it to assume the
position shewn in Figure 2, where the upper edge of the plate or frame (70)
is above the edge of the trough, and thus the threads as they wind from the
full to the empty bobbins are guided properly upon the bobbins and prevented
from winding on below the lower ends of the bobbins. My improvements
above described are also applicable to throstle frames which have a copping
rail separate from the spindle rail, in which case the upper spindle rail
remains fixed and the trough (2) for the full bobbins are suspended upon the
copping rails when doffing.
Figure 15 is a partial front elevation, and Figure 16 a cross sectional
elevation of another modification of my improved arrangement and combi-
nation of mechanism for doffing where the spindle rails remain fixed.
a, the
framing; f, the footstep spindle rail; g*, the collar spindle rail; g, a separate
copping rail; e, spindles; e, flyers ;-k, wire curl board; a³, roller beam; b,

page_text: drawing rollers; d, tin drum; w, worm driving the worm wheel (w¹) on the
bottom of the heart wheel shaft; w³, heart wheel for copping motion; h¹,
sliding toothed bar acted upon by the heart wheel motion; h, shafts oscillated
by the sliding toothed bar (h¹). The parts which have been mentioned are
ordinary and well known, but some of them are modified and arranged in a
manner which will be herein-after described. The copping rail (9) receives up-
and-down movement by toothed wheels upon the shaft (h), each wheel gears
with a toothed rack upon the lower end of a Bod (91) sliding through the
spindle rails (fand 9*), to the upper end of which rod the copping rail (g) is
secured; there are several of these rods (9¹) in the length of the frame which
are similar to the ordinrary rods used for giving movement to an independent
copping rail. In this modification of my improvements the spindles have flat
surfaces (3) formed upon them, and excentric shafts (1) as explained in reference
Figures 1 and 2; the flyers (e¹) are also arranged in relation to the flats (e³)
upon the spindles in like manner. Several rods are arranged at suitable
intervals in the length. of the machine, each rod being made to slide vertically
in bearings carried in a bracket (t) from the footstep rail (f) and a bracket
(12) from the roller beam (a²), and to the upper ends of these rods a rail (k¹)
is secured which passes from end to end of the frame; this rail has holes (a*)
in it, one opposite each spindle, large enough for the heads of a bobbin to
pass through, and to this rail the wire curl board (k) is hinged; bearings are
also formed in this rail (¹) for a shaft (n¹) which passes from end to end and
it is turned by a handle (n³), and upon the shaft at suitable intervals toothed
pinions are placed which gear with short toothed racks (n) made to slide in
dovetails formed in the rail (¹); the ends of these short racks (n) have rails
(n³) attached to or formed on them, which rails have projections (n* and n³)
in every respect similar to the rails (n³) and projections (n* and n³), as
described in reference to Figs. 1 and 2. There is a shaft (s) which passes
from end to end of the frame, and it is turned by a hand wheel (s¹); this
shaft has a pulley (s) for each pair of sliding rods (t), to which jointed chains
(s) are attached and passed over carrier pulleys (s), and is then secured to
arms () from the lower ends of the rods, as shown in Figs. 15 and 16. By
turning the shaft (s) the rods (t) upon both sides of the frame are simulta-
neously lifted, so that the rail (¹) ascends into the position shown upon
one side of Fig. 16; this movement carrying the copping rail (9) also into
the position shown as the bracket (1) upon each rod (t) passes under the
copping rail (9), which is thus lifted when the bracket (t) comes in contact
with it. To allow the copping rail (g) to.ascend the wheels which give motion
to the shafts (h) are arranged so as to be loose upon the shafts, and are cop-

page_text: nected with it by means of a clutch arrangement (n), which clutch may be
actuated by a clutch fork lever (h³) and a rod (4) having a handle at the
end of the frame provided with notches to catch upon the edge of the frame
to hold the clutch in or out of gear (as shown) in Fig. 15. The clutch fork
lever h³ for each shaft (h) may be placed upon the same cross shaft (h³), so
that one rod and handle will actuate both clutches at the same time. When
the clutches (2) are out of gear the shafts (h) are free to be rotated by the
ascent or descent of the sliding rods (t). Counterbalance weights may be
applied by means of chains and pulleys upon the shaft (s) to balance the
weight of the parts connected with the rods (t). The manner in which the
bobbins are carried to the spindles will be explained by reference to Figs. 15
and 16, and to the detached Figs. 17, 18, and 19.
Fig. 17 is a sectional view, full size, showing the roller beam (a³), the rails
and n³, and other parts; Fig. 18 is a partial front view, full size, partly in
section, of the rails, and Fig. 19 is a plan view of one length of the bobbin
pusher. Each length of bobbin pusher (p") has two projections (p) which are
arranged in slides (p") formed upon the under side of the roller beam (a³),
(see Figs. 16, 17, and 18), and to each projection (p) the end of a sliding
toothed rack (p) is secured, and these racks are actuated by means of a shaft
(p) and pinions same as the racks (p) shown in Fig. 1 and 2. Each bobbin
pusher (p³) has two slots (p) in it, one for each sliding rod (t) to pass
through; these slots permitting the requisite sliding movement in the bobbin
pusher. To the under side of the bobbin pusher a plate (p7) extending the
entire length of the pusher is secured by screws, the heads of which fit into
the slots (ps) in the pusher, the object of which arrangement is to permit the
bobbin pusher (p³) to move after the carrier plate (p') is stopped. In using
this modification of my improvements for doffing the operations are somewhat
similar to those described in reference to Figs. 1 and 2. The parts when
spinning are in the position shown upon the left-hand side of Fig. 16. The
operations for unscrewing the flyers from the spindles are the same as those
described in reference to Figs. 1 and 2, by turning the shafts (n') the tin
drum (d) by the hand wheel (d') and the excentric shafts (7). The next
operation is to lift the rails (4) and connected parts and the flyers into the
position shown upon the right-hand side of Fig. 16 (first putting the clutches
h² out of gear, as shown) by turning the hand wheel (s¹); by this movement
the empty bobbins which have been placed through the holes in the rail (k³)
while the machine was spinning are left upon the carrier rail (p") which is
under the pusher rail (p³) which is next pushed forward by turning the handle
(p), the carrier rail (p') moving with the pusher rail (p³) until the edge of

page_text: the carrier rail comes against the edge of the copping rail (9), the carrier rail
(p) then becomes stationary, but the pusher rail (p³) continues its movement
until the bobbins are slided off the carrier rail on to and over the copping
rail, by this act pushing the full bobbins from the copping rail into the
troughs; then the rail (¹) is lowered, and when lowered a distance equal to
the thickness of the heads of the bobbins the pusher rail (p³) can then be
drawn back to its first position. The remainder of the operations to complete
the doffing of the machine are similar to those herein-before described in
reference to Figs. 1 and 2. The troughs (*) for the full bobbins (*) are
suspended upon the copping rails (9), as herein-before described in reference
to Figs. 1 and 2.
In applying my improvements as illustrated by Figs. 15 and 16 to throstle
frames where the upper spindle rail forms the copping rail (as in Figs. 1
and 2) a thin rail may be added to rest upon and be carried by the spindle
copping rail while the machine is spinning, and this added rail may be lifted
when doffing. In place of adding a rail when the upper spindle and capping
rail are one it may be arranged so as to lift to the level of the tops of the
spindles by extending the guides in which it works to give the copping
motion. Instead of the mechanism shown upon Figs. 15 and 16 for lifting
the curl board (k) and the flyers the same mechanism that conveys move-
ment to copping rail (9) may be made to act both for copping and for doffing,
and it may also be made to actuate the rods (t) for lifting the wire curl
board and flyers by increasing its range of movement and connecting the two
shafts (h) by wheelwork or by a shaft and wheelwork, using clutches
arranged so that when fully in gear with the wheels giving the copping
motion they will be entirely out of gear with the wheels for giving the doffing
motion, and vice versa, but in changing the clutches (which is done when both
the copping and doffing mechanism are stationary) the clutches are arranged
so that they do not become fully disconnected with one set of gear before they
are connected with the other set of gear. There may be two distinct sets of
clutches, one set being brought into gear before the other set is taken out of
With this arrangement arms will have to be added to the lower ends
of the rods or racks (91) to turn so that they can be brought under the ends
of the lifting rods (t) when doffing, these arms being all connected so as to
move together by a rod jointed to each arm and passing from end to end of
the frame. When the frame is spinning the arms (u) from the ends of the
rods or racks (9¹) are turned so as to be clear of the ends of the rods (t),
see Fig. 20, a detached side view, showing one arm (u) and other parts, and
Fig. 21 a plan section with the arm in full line under the rod (t), and in
gear.

page_text: dotted line clear of the end of the rod (t); (¹) is the rod for connecting and
actuating the arms (u). By this arrangement the shaft (s), pulleys (s*), and
chains. (3) are dispensed with. Instead of using separate racks (u) and
shafts (n) upon each side of the frame, as shown in Figs. 15 and 16, racks:
similar to those in Figs. 1 and 2 may be used. One set- of racks' may be
placed over the other as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and their ends may be
cranked to come opposite the rails to be operated upon; or the racks may be
placed alongside of each other, the two shafts n¹ and p¹ being upon the same:
level, but the ends of the racks for the flyer rails will not have to be secured
to the rails. The flyer rails in this case may be arranged as illustrated by
Fig. 22, a detached sectional elevation. is a cap upon the top of the lifting,
rod (t), the end of the flyer rail, (n) slides in a groove in this cap, each: rail:
been supported between two caps (#) one at each end of the rail. There is.
a rib or projection (n) from each rail at each end opposite the rack-(n), and
this projection enters a slot (n*) in the end of the rack as shown, thus when
the rack (n³) is lifted the projection (n) withdraws from the slot (n*), but
when it is lowered it enters it again, and thus the flyer rail can always be
moved to and from the flyers when this movement is required. The flyers.
may be loosened so as to be, afterwards unscrewed by turning the tin drum.
If one leg of each flyer is brought by turning the tin drum against its projec-..
tion (n) from the rail or against the rail (³), and then if a quick movement
is given to the tin drum so as to cause the legs of the flyers to strike against
the projections (n³) (in the direction for unscrewing) the flyers will be
loosened, and this operation may be repeated several times, and it will nearly in.
all cases loosen the flyers sufficiently to allow them to be unscrewed by turning.
the tin drum, but the use of the shafts (7) is necessary to obtain certainty. In
some frames it may not be convenient to place the empty bobbins upon the
roller beams opposite the spindles, in this case they may be placed midway:
between the spindles, and the rail carrying them may have side movement:
imparted to it to bring them opposite the spindles. Troughs for the full.
bobbins may be made of tin plate or other suitable material hinged together
so as to form a V trough when opened, and. hinged to the copping rail so.
that when the machine is spinning they may be folded together flat out.
of the way; this is illustrated by Figs. 23 and 24. Both Figures are cross.
sections; Fig. 23 shows the trough when open, and Fig. 24 the trough.
when shut. One side (77) of the trough is hinged to the copping rail,.
and the two sides (and ³) are hinged together, the hinges being.
formed so as not to open beyond the extent required to form the trough..

page_text: Pieces () are hinged at intervals to the part (27) to act as props to
hold the trough at the angle required to receive the full bobbins; the
ends of these props (79) rest against projections (*) from the copping
rail (g). The props (9) are hinged so as not to open beyond a given extent,
and to fold against the back part (r) of the trough when the machine is
spinning.
I have now particularly described the nature of my improvements, and
the manner of carrying them into effect, and claim as my Invention,-
Firstly, the application and use in throstle and doubling frames, and
machines of like character for spinning, twisting, or doubling fibrous materials
of bevel ended bobbins as herein-before described.
Secondly, the improved copping motions, substantially as described under
the second head of this Specification.
Thirdly, giving motion to the "drag" cloth, as herein-before described
under the third head of this Specification.
Fourthly, the combinations and arrangements of mechanism for doffing, as
herein-before described under the fourth head of this Specification.
Fifthly, the system or mode of loosening the flyers by the action of a
rail (n) when the spindles are held or locked by an excentric shaft (7), or
other mechanical equivalent as herein-before described.
Sixthly, the use of projections (225) on a rail (n³) for getting the flyers all in
one position as herein-before described.
Seventhly, the system or mode of arranging the empty bobbins and
carrying or placing them over the spindles, and also the discharging of the
full bobbins by the empty bobbins, substantially as herein-before described.
Eighthly, actuating the copping rail or rails (g) and the rods (t) carrying
the wire curl boards (k) and flyer rails (n³) when doffing, by the same
shaft or shafts (h) which actuate the copping rail or rails when spinning,
as berein-before described and illustrated by reference to Figs. 20 and 21 of
the Drawings.
Ninthly, actuating the flyer rails (22³) upon both sides of the frame (when
the flyers are lifted) by racks or rods or their equivalents from one shaft,
substantially as herein-before described and illustrated by reference to Fig. 22
of the Drawings.
Tenthly, the use of troughs for the full bobbins arranged substantially as
shown on the right hand side of Figs. 2 and 16, and also the use of V folding
troughs as illustrated by Figs. 23 and 24, and also the system or mode
the cutting of threads between the full bobbins and the empty bobbins

page_text: by a rotating disc (r) and a groove in the copping rail substantially as
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Bernhardt, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
GEORGE BERNHARDT. (L.S.)