AN APPARATUS AND METHOD OF 80 CONSTRUCTING AND SECURING BREWERS' VATTS OR STORE CASKS SO AS TO PREVENT THE VATTS FALLING TO PIECES OR EVEN LEAKING, THOUGH EVERY ONE OF THE HOOPS ON IT SHOULD BE BROKEN IN SUNDER, AND CONSEQUENTLY PREVENTING ANY BEER FROM BEING LOST; AND ALSO FOR PREVENTING THE LOSS OF ANY BEER, EVEN IF A COCK OR IF ALL THE COCKS OF THE VATT SHOULD BE BROKEN OFF
Year: 1814

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
VALLANCE, Junior, of Brighthelmston, in the County of Sussex, Brewer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did, by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of His United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, bearing date the Twentieth day of December, in the fifty-fifth
year of His reign, give and grant unto me, the said John Vallance, my exors,
adiñors, and assigns, His especial licence, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said John Vallance, junior, my exors, admors, and
assigns, should and lawfully might, during the term of years therein men-
tioned, make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "AN APPARATUS AND METHOD OF
80 CONSTRUCTING AND SECURING BREWERS' VATTS OR STORE CASKS SO AS TO
PREVENT THE VATTS FALLING TO PIECES OR EVEN LEAKING, THOUGH EVERY ONE OF
THE HOOPS ON IT SHOULD BE BROKEN IN SUNDER, AND CONSEQUENTLY PREVENTING
ANY BEER FROM BEING LOST; AND ALSO FOR PREVENTING THE LOSS OF ANY
BEER, EVEN IF A COCK OR IF ALL THE COCKS OF THE VATT SHOULD BE BROKEN
OFF;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso that if I,
the said John Vallance, shall not particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, and cause the same
to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent,
whatsoever thereby granted, shall utterly
cease, determine, and become void, as in and by the same (relation being
*
thereunto had) max more fully and at lance

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, 1, the said
John Vallance, do hereby declare that my said Invention is described and
ascertained in the Drawings hereunto annexed, and in the following description
thereof, that is to say :-
To all persons who are acquainted with the method of constructing the large
store casks used in breweries generally termed vatts, it is well known that the
means whereby the planks or staves which compose the side of the vatt are
held together, and so kept to the bottom and top of the vatt as to be water-
tight, consist of a number of large iron hoops made and composed of two or
more pieces, according to the length to which the pieces of hooping have been
rolled. And it is also well known, that the means whereby the ends of each
hoop and the pieces composing it are held together, and so connected to each
other as to bear the strain which it is necessary when driving the hoop to put
on it, for the purpose of so bringing and holding the staves or planks composing
the side of the vatt together as to render the joints between water-tight, are by
uniting the ends of each piece of hooping with iron rivets, of such substances
as may be deemed proportionate to the strength of the hooping, used as half
inch, three quarters, or greater diameter rivetts; also are those who are
acquainted with the method of constructing vatts aware, that solely in propor-
tion to the strength and tenacity of these rivets, is the degree of strain which
the hoop will bear, as it is of course, that if the rivets give way and break
asunder, the hoop, immediately ceasing to be a hoop, parts where the rivets
have yielded and falls to the ground, and the vatt, as immediately becoming
deprived of the support and assistance it received from the hoop, is in danger
of bursting and falling to pieces, if it should happen that the remaining hoops
are not sufficient to bear the increased strain which then falls upon them.
These are circumstances well known, and admitted by all who are acquainted
with the construction of vatts; as well as is known and admitted that the
yielding and breaking of the hoop itself is equally to be dreaded as the yielding
of the rivetts. To therefore prevent these accidents, and to render vatts tight
and even safe tho' way hoop may be broken asunder, I proceed as follows to
the original construction of the vatt :-I make no alteration, but proceed with
it and prepare the bottom, sides, and top as usual, any description of which it is
quite unnecessary to give, the plan and method of making vatts being so wel
and generally known. But when it is so far constructed as for the staves com
posing the side to be all put round the bottom, and ready for having the hoop
put on, I then begin to introduce an alteration in the method of procedure
that is, I first line out or mark on the sides of the vatt the places abou
where I wish the middle of the width of each hoop to be, and according to th
circumference of the vatt at those places, I in the usual manner prepare th

page_text: number of hoops it is intended to put on the vatt, while the pieces of which
each hoop is composed are being rivetted together, I, commencing from any con-
venient part of the vatt, go round it, and on the line which I first make around
it (i. e., the bottom one), and in the middle of the width of each staff, make a
cross, or joint, or mark of some kind; then on any convenient part of the
hoop, and in the middle of its width. I make another mark, and just at that
place have a hole of about three fourths of an inch in diameter punched, or
by any other convenient method made through the top hoop, which hole (by
putting a piece of string through it or somewhat of that kind) I do designate
as that I may know it again; I then go to that staff of the vatt whence I com-
menced going round it, when I marked on each staff the middle of its width,
and, measuring from the middle of that staff to the middle of the next (going
from right to left), order another hole to be punched or inade in the middle of
the width of the hoop just so far from the first hole I had made in it as the
middle of the width of that first staff is from the middle of the width of the
second, going round the hoop the same way I go round the vatt. As soon as
this is done, I measure from that staff to the next, and, according to the distance
of their middles of width from each other, have another hole made in the hoop,
and this I continue doing until I have been all round the vatt, when there will be
just as many holes made in the hoop as there staves in the vatt, each hole just
in the middle of its width, and at such distances from each other as that, when
the hoop is put on the vatt, each hole will be quite or very nearly on and over the
middle of the width of each staff. Then, putting the hoop on the vatt, I drive
it down as near to where it is intended it should finally be as it is considered
prudent to do before more hoops are on, and as soon as that is done I pro-
ceed to do with the next hoop as I have done with this, i. e., have holes
made in it at such distances from each other as the middles of width of the
staves are apart; and then, putting this one on the vatt, continue to do the same
by the others until all are done; when after having them driven to the places
on the vatt where they were intended to be (or nearly there, or it may be a little
further, as depends upon whether the hoop is made of exactly the very size it
ought to be, the which a very trifling error in measuring it out will prevent),
I proceed to a second operation, i. e., through the staves composing the side
of the vatt, I have bored holes corresponding in size, number, and situation,
with those which have been made through the hoops, through which holes, as
they are made, I have (from the inside) put iron or copper (or any other con-
venient kind of) bolts, made of such a size as will drive tight into and just fill up
the holes, which are bored through the stuff. Now these bolts are made about
an inch or so longer than is the thickness of the staff and hoop together, and have
at one end a head about two inches in diameter, from which head the body of the

page_text: bolt is for about half its length made square, and at the other end they have a
thread or screw cut down nearly to where they are square. To every bolt is
fitted a nutt of any convenient and sufficient substance (as an inch thick by
two inches square), and having cut in it a thread similar to that cut on the
bolts; also is fitted to every bolt a leather collar of the same size as is the
bolt head, in which leather collar is cut a square hole, just the size of the body
of the bolt, through which the bolt is put, and the collar shoved close up to its
head. These bolts, as I just above said, I have (from the inside) put into and
driven through the holes which are in the staves and hoops, and, by means of
the nuts which I have mentioned, I have each one drawn in so tight (at the
same hammering them from the inside) as that the leather collar and their
fitness to the hole put aside the possibility of any leakage there happening.
When things are thus far done, I shall have round and on the vatt the number
of hoops it is intended should be put on it, each one in the place where it is
intended to be, and through the middle of the width of every hoop as many
bolts as there are staves in the vatt, which bolts also go through the middle of
the width of every staff in the vatt, and serves the purposes of holding firmly
together the hoop and staff; and the staff and hoop with the vatt thus circum-
stanced and held, and kept the hoops to the sides in all parts as is this, it is
almost an impossibility that any such thing should take place as the vat
bursting and falling to pieces, even though every hoop on it should be broken
asunder, for on the supposition that a hoop should somewhere break, as let
it be where it might, it must be somewhere between two of the bolts, as each
bolt is, from going through so firm a piece of timber as is every staff, capable
of bearing such a strain as would, I suppose, almost pull the bolt asunder
before the staff would yield, as every single staff is, when a vatt is thus put
together, held and supported by every other staff, and as even, on the supposi-
tion that every hoop should break, it would be an indeed most unlikely thing
that they should all break exactly in the same place and between the same
bolts; it is almost an impossibility that a vatt thus constructed should ever burst
and fall to pieces, and the only possible event on which it can do so is that of
every hoop's breaking asunder between the same bolts all the way up, a cir-
cumstance which, though certainly possible, yet which cannot, I think, be at
all considered probable. However, taking it in this light, which is the most
unfavourable in which it can be viewed, let this possibility be contrasted with
the probability there is of such an event's happening to a vatt constructed
as they now are, and the great superiority (with respect to security) of the plan
I have described, cannot, I think, even then, but be admitted; for even,
though every hoop be broken, as they are all still supported by each other
excepting on the event of their all breaking between the same bolts), the vatt

page_text: will stand firm and tight as ever it was, each hoop still carrying and supporting
every staff but that where the break is, and every staff in return holding and
retaining every hoop excepting that which is asunder immediately upon it,
so, let them break how else they may than all between the same bolts, every
hoop must ever keep the vatt from either falling to pieces or leaking; whereas,
if to a vatt hooped as is now done, such an accident happens as a hoop's
breaking or a rivet's yielding, as then the broken hoop immediately falls to
the ground, and the vatt as immediately becomes deprived of all the support
and assistance it derived from that hoop, it must, unless the remaining hoops
are sufficiently strong to bear the increased strain which then falls upon them,
of course burst and fall to pieces.
Figure the First of the Drawings annexed is meant to represent a vatt, to
which is applied this plan for preventing its bursting or falling to pieces, not-
withstanding that every hoop on it may be broken asunder; and the squares
drawn on the hoops shew the nuts of the bolts which pass from the inside
through the staves and hoops, and connect them together. It will here be
seen that every staff has through it as many bolts as there are hoops on the
vatt, and that every hoop has through it as many bolts as there are staves in
the vatt, all of which bolts being provided with nuts, the hoops and staves are
thereby so connected as for each mutually to support the other, so that should
3.
hoop happen to break on any part of the circumference of the vatt, as
suppose at A, it does not even then cease to contribute to the supporting the
vatt, as, from its being as by the bolts and nuts it is connected to the staves,
it, instead of falling to the ground, remains in its place, and, being held and
supported by every one of the staves except that on whose outside it is
asunder it, excepting the staff immediately over which it is broken, as much
contributes to the support of all the staves as ever it did.
It is owing to
this that every one of the hoops may be broken, and yet the vatt not fall to
pieces, as supposing each hoop to be broken at the places marked B, C, D, E,
F, G, H, I, what ensues is, the vatt, just at the place where each is broken,
becomes deprived of the support it receives from them; but as, from the
manner in which they are held to and supported by the staves, each hoop still
continues to support the vatt in every part of its circumference, excepting in
the space contained within the two bolts between which the hoop is broken,
it of course follows, that the vatt still remains firmly supported and held
together, and the only possible event on which a thus constructed vatt can
burst or fall to pieces, that of every hoop's being broken between the same
bolts all the way up, as where marked 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, A, 9, a circumstance
which, though certainly possible, yet is, I think, very remote from probable.

page_text: This is the method in which I proceed to render a vatt safe, as far as relates
to the hoops. But as the breaking off of a cock is, if not discovered and by
some means remedied (at least, so far as to put a stop to the beer's continuing
to rush out and be lost), a matter of almost as great importance as the
bursting of the vatt; and as, when an accident of this kind does happen, it is,
from the force with which the beer rushes out, from the situation of the vatt,
and of the cock in the vatt, almost impossible to prevent the loss of a very
considerable quantity of beer; and also as I have stated that for such an
event I have provided a remedy, I proceed to describe how I bring about the
effect of "preventing the loss of any beer, even if a cock or if all the cocks
of the vatt should be broken off." With either the original construction of
the cock, or the method of putting it into the vatt, it may be, I do not inter-
fere, but let it be made and put into the vatt according to the common way.
As soon, however, as the cock is fixed in the vatt, I then proceed to arrange
with it as follows, i.e., over the end or surface of the cock which opens into
the vatt, I have put the metal box which is Figure the Second of the
Drawings in the margin, and there screwed and held tight by six bolts (of
which the studs marked 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and six, are the heads), which bolts go
through (from the inside) the staves of the vatt, and screw on the outside.
Near the bottom of this Figure is a hole, about two inches in diameter, and
the box being drawn to the scale of three inches to the foot, shows to be eight
inches long by four broad, exclusive of the rim or ledge around it (through
which the bolts go), and which is on all sides one inch and a half wide.
Figure the Third is a side view of the box, shewing it as bolted to a staff,
with the cock on the outside of the staff, which, being also drawn to the scale
of three inches to the foot, shews the depth to be three inches and a half from
the outside to the rim or ledge. Now, with this box (which is made of cast
iron or brass, or any other convenient metal, and of the substance of about
half an inch thick), put on as in the Drawings, and there screwed and made
to set close and water-tight by means of a leather collar underneath the rim, or
ledge of the same width as the rim is, it is evident that nothing can pass
through the cock without first coming through the hole in the box; and if,
therefore, I fit to the box such a thing as a cover or flap to, upon occasion,
shut down on the hole, and prevent any liquid from passing through it, and
if I so arrange with that cover or flap as to admit of its being shut and opened
without having any communication with the cock, it is evident that I can pre-
vent any beer from running out of the vatt, even though the cock may be wide
open, and consequently that I can put a stop to any running out, even if the
cock be broken off. This plan, then, I put in practice by fitting and arranging

page_text: to the box a flap so constructed as to have the effect of a valve, and which,
by being so arranged as to open and shut without having anything to do with
the cock, can, if a cock does break off, by loosening a wire, be caused to fall
directly upon and cover the orifice in the metal box, when, from its being so
leathered and provided as to be water-tight, a stop is immediately put to the
waste of the beer, and the vatt remains, as to the safety of its contents, trust-
worthy as ever. Now, the manner in which this metal box is finished and
completed ready for putting on a vatt is shewn by Figure the Fourth, which
gives a side view of the box, screwed to a staff; the flap or valve, fitted to it,
working on a hinge or centre, as a, the leather b fitted and screwed to the
valve by a plate c (a little smaller than the hole in the box), and bolt and
nut d, and the arrow-headed lever e, by which the valve is opened and shut,
motion being communicated to the lever by means of the stout copper wire f,
working through a hole in the top of the vatt. With the box thus fitted and
provided at the top and outside of the vatt with the lever g, and stout copper
wire h, it is evident that, upon anything happening to the cock, all that it is
necessary to do is to unhook the outside wire h from the nail i, whereby it
was held down, and the weight of the valve, &c. inside will cause it to ascend,
and let the valve shut, when a complete stop is put at the beer's being lost,
and, when it is sure shut, the fuller the vatt is the closer will the valve set.
This is the apparatus whereby I secure and prevent the contents of vatts from
being lost when a cock may happen to be broken off, which, in conjunction
with the method I have before described, of preventing the hoops from falling
off and ceasing to support and sustain the vatt when they happen to break
asunder, may surely, without presumption, be considered as altogether putting
aside the probability and almost the possibility of beer's being ever again lost
from any vatt if these preventatives shall have been applied to it. That these
preventatives can be applied to an old vatt, as well as to a new one, is of
course evident, as there is nothing in the process of executing these arrange-
ments to prevent it; but it will be both more cheaply and more easily put in
effect on a vatt which is being constructed than on one which is already up,
though it is in both cases practicable enough, as it may be that putting,
as I have described, a bolt through every staff, for every hoop may be
considered not necessary, according to circumstances, vary so as to put
one in each other staff, or in every third staff, or as much less as may
appear desirable; also do I vary the size of the bolts according to
circumstances, having them either larger or smaller than three fourths of an
inch in the shank, as the size, &c. of the vatt may cause to be considered
necessary. As the principle of the valve and valve box allows of variations in its

page_text: construction, I, whenever it may be convenient so to do, alter that construc-
tion so as to be of a different shape, as longer, or broader, or deeper, or
shallower, or quite flat, or instead of being oblong have it circular or hemi-
spherical, or perhaps fixed to the inner end of the cock, or made conical, and so
arranged as to go into and plug up the inner orifice of the cock; or instead
of moving on a centre have the flap or valve so contrived as to move up and
down in a groove, and so by its own weight to, when the wire is loosened, slip
down over and cover the hole, or indeed according to any shape or form
which circumstances may render desirable as far as accords with the principle
of making it capable of covering and stopping the inner orifice of the cock,
and preventing the beer running out; and instead of the flap or valve being
leathered to be water-tight, I, whenever circumstances may render it preferable,
so grind and fit the valve box and valve as for them to be so without the inter-
vention of any leather. Also, if it prove more convenient, I have the valve so
arranged and constructed as to be opened and shut by means of a stout wire or
rod working through a stuffing box or collar of leathers in the side of the vatt
instead of by the wire from the top; and if, when a vatt is provided with a
valve of this kind it be, except when beer is being drawn out of the vatt,
kept constantly shut, then if a cock should be broken off, the time it happens
will be of no consequence, whether in the day or in the night, as the valve of
course acts at all times, whereas, if to a vatt unprovided with this safeguard it
should happen that a cock should be broken off during the night, then the
beer would continue to rush out and be lost till the morning, unless any one
who might be about the brewery should hear it, and by some means contrive
to stop it. To a valve which is to be applied to a cock in the bottom of a vat I
make an alteration, i.e., instead of, making it as in Figure Fourth, I alter it as
follows: For the reason that if so put on, the vatt could, by a cock so provided,
never be completely emptied, as from the top of the valve box standing three
or four inches above the bottom lower than that depth, the vat could not
thereby be drained off, &c., to therefore remedy this, I, instead of putting a
valve box, &c., put a hemispherical valve, fitted and provided as Figure the
Fifth, where J, the hollow part of the valve, with its leathered rim or ledge, is
represented as opened by the lever K, and wire L, if which were let go, the
valve would of course, moving on the hinge or centre M, fall on and set close
to the bottom of the vat N, and in consequence prevent any beer running out
of the cock, whose inner orifice it then covers, the hops and mucilage which
fall to the bottom of vats being by a strainer (covering the valve) kept from
getting underneath it. A valve of this kind, having nothing raised above the
level of the bottom of the vatt, cannot of course prevent its being completely

page_text: emptied whenever it may be wished; or, if circumstances should render it more
desirable, I, instead of applying this kind of valve to cocks which may be in
the bottom of vatts, do as follows, i. e., so arrange and construct the cock as to
render the orifice of it which opens into the vatt capable of receiving a
conical valve or plug, by either preparing the cock itself for it or connecting
to the cock a short piece of pipe joined at the other end to a seat into which
a conical valve shuts, which seat is fixed on the inside of the bottom of the
vatt; and this conical valve I open, as I have shown the hemispherical one to
be done, by a wire and lever; or should anything cause it to be more conve-
nient, I apply, instead of this conical kind of valve, a common flat-drop valve,
having first either the inner orifice of the cock prepared for the purpose, or a
sheet connected by a short pipe, &c., to the cock, and open this as the hemi-
spherical. Or indeed, as the principle of the valve admits it, I vary the
shape, &c. of this bottom valve as I do that for the side cocks, so as to be of
any shape, &c. which circumstances may render most desirable. From the
construction and situation of the valves I have described, it is evident that any
vatt to which they may be applied possesses the advantage of permitting the
cock (should it happen to get leaky, or in any other way out of order) to be
taken out and repaired at any time, whether the vatt be full or empty, as, the
valve preventing the escape of any beer, the cock may be taken out, &c., at
pleasure. But as, from the manner in which cocks are generally put into
vatts, i. e., screwing into and through the staff, and also being secured by a
nutt screwing on the end of the cock inside the vatt, it will not be well prac-
ticable to take out such cocks as are thus secured, I (when desirable) alter
the construction of the valve bar so as to render it like Figure the Sixth,
which, giving the outline of a side view of it, shews it to be provided with the
additional part or flanch A, which flanch is, in Figure the Seventh, shewn to
you through the staff, and to stand and project somewhat from it in order
that the cock may (being for that purpose made and prepared) be screwed
thereto. A cock thus arranged can, it is evident, be taken off and repaired
whenever it may need it, be the vatt full or empty, as the valve when closed
prevents effectually any loss of beer notwithstanding the cock's being either
open or taken out.
On reference it will be found that, when I commence describing how
I render the contents of vatts secure notwithstanding the cock's being broken
off, I say with either the original construction of the cock, or the method
of putting it into the vatt, it may be I do not interfere, but let it be
made and put into the vatt according to the common way.
that more explicit information which the vagueness of the term
Now, to give
"it may be ".

page_text: renders necessary, I state that should it happen that circumstances render
desirable an alteration with respect to the cock itself, I, provided I do not alter
it as I have mentioned by fixing the valve to the inner orifice of it, do as
follows, i. e., reverse its situation by putting it on the inside instead of on the
outside of the vatt, opening and shutting it by means of a rod working through
a stuffing box, as it is then of course out of the way of being broken off by
the fall of anything on the outside of the vatt, which, being the accident my plan
and method provides against, I claim the right of so situating the cock as a part of
the means of preventing accidents to vatts, wherefore His Majesty has graciously
been pleased to grant me His Letters Patent. In like manner do I by the
cocks which are put in the bottoms of vatts. Also do I, if more convenient,
alter the proceedings with respect to bolting the hoops to the staves by (if
from the vatts being small or any other cause, it may be considered most
advisable) putting the bolts, instead of quite through the staff and from the
inside to the outside, from the outside to the inside, and having them made
sufficiently short, only about half way or so through the staff, each bolt, instead
of being screwed and drawn tight by a nutt screwing (having for that purpose
what is called a wood thread cut on it) into the staff itself, a plan which, for
some vatts, may perhaps be sufficiently preventative; and as the principle on
which I secure vatts, that of connecting and holding together and to each
other the staff and hoop and the hoop and staff, admits of other ways of
connecting them than those I have as yet mentioned, such as that of putting,
instead of a bolt, a short stout nail through the hoop, and driving it part of
the way through the staff, or that of putting and driving a staple over the
hoop and into the staff, the space between the legs of the staple being just
equal to the width of the hoops, or a little less, so as to, when driven home,
cause it to press hard against and upon the hoop, and in a notch made in the
edge of the hoop; or that of so driving staples into the staves as to cause them,
from one leg of the staple being in one staff and the other leg in the next
staff, to hereby hold the staves together; or that of connecting and causing the
staves to support each other by means of iron or other clamps of about ten or
twelve inches long passing from staff to staff, such clamps being held by bolts
screwing into or through the staff, or by short stout nails driven into the staves.
As the principle of my method of securing vatts admits of these ways of
doing it, I claim the right of, whenever circumstances may render it more
desirable, making use of and following whichever of these methods may be
most convenient.
And as the making in each hoop so many holes as are
necessary for the method of securing vatts, which I have described, may
perhaps weaken the hoop, I, if it is considered desirable, have the hoops about

page_text: In effect,
an inch wider than would be otherwise had, in order to render a so perforated
a so perforated hoop equally strong as a narrower one which is not so per-
forated. The method which I have described of securing the contents of vatts,
notwithstanding that the cocks may be broken off, can of course be applied to
a vatt of any kind, whether made of wood or iron, though, as by far the
greater number of vatts are of wood, I have in my plans, &c. referred to
then. In that Figure of the Drawings which shews the valve complete and
ready for use, it may be observed that the arrow-headed lever whereby it is
opened shews awkwardly, and apparently unnecessarily long.
however, it is not so, as that length is given it in order that it may project
so far from the side of the vatt as to admit (should the wire whereby the valve
is opened chance to break) of a line and hook being dropped from the hole in
the top of the vatt through which the wire passes (which is at first cut large
enough to allow for this and then fitted with a moveable cover having in it a
small hole for the wire to work through) for the purpose of catching hold of
the lever and raising the valve, and the head of the lever is arrow-shaped in
order that the hook may not slip off so let down through. I have explained
respecting and referred to only such vatts or vessels as are for containing beer;
yet, as either of the methods whereof I have spoken are equally applicable to
store vessels or vatts containing other liquids, I claim the right of applying
them to any description of store vessel (as a vinegar, spirit, oil, or other kind of
reservoir) whenever circumstances may render it desirable.
In witness whereof I, the said John Vallance, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Tenth day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and fifteen.
JOHN VALLANCE, JUN.
JOHN (Ls.) VALLANCE, JUN.
JOHN VALLANCE, JUN.
JOHN (L.s.) VALLANCE, JUN.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Tenth day of June, in the
year of our Lord 1815, the aforesaid John Vallance came before our said
Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stampt according to
the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.