Year: 1862

page_text: stroke) from whence it could not be started except by some independent
force.
Now this Invention consists in attaching the connecting rod of the treadle
to two auxiliary pins, which are attached to and vibrate upon the crank pin
instead of attaching the connecting rod directly to the crank pin, and in
connecting and disconnecting the said auxiliary pins alternately with and
from the crank pin at the beginning of each stroke, in such a manner that
the advance auxiliary pin (considering the direction in which the crank is to
turn) shall become temporarily fixed with respect to the crank pin, and
perform the usual function of a crank pin, while by the same movement the
rear auxiliary pin is loosened and permitted to turn freely upon the crank pin.
The said alternate connecting and disconnecting of the auxiliary pins with
respect to the crank pin operated by a treadle in the ordinary manner pro-
ducing a continuous revolution of the crank in one given direction, and avoiding
all stoppage upon the "dead centers."
To enable others skilled in the art to make and use the Invention, I will
proceed to describe the construction and operation of the same by means of
the accompanying Drawings forming part of the Specification, mentioning in
general terms well known parts and describing more particularly those parts
which form new elements in mechanism for the purposes herein-above recited.
In the said Drawings Figure 1 represents a side elevation and section of the
frame, table and driving mechanism of a sewing machine, arranged with the
improvements, one end piece A only of the frame being shown, the corre-
sponding one being removed to give an unobstructed view of the working
parts. B is the table upon which the sewing machine is placed; A¹ is a
hanger fastened to the under side of the table, which furnishes a bearing for
the driving shaft E, another bearing being formed in the end piece A of the
the frame. N is a driving pulley upon the said shaft, from which, by means of
a suitable belt, motion and power is transmitted to the sewing machinery upon
the table. The shaft E has a crank G at one end, and said crank is revolved
by means of the treadle T and the connecting rod l. The construction and
arrangement of the parts thus far mentioned does not differ in any essential
particular from that generally observed for such purposes. Instead, however,
of attaching the connecting rod / directly to the crank pin g, the upper end
of the said rod is formed as shown in Figure 6, with two points of attachment,
the round hole t and the elongated hole or slot u, the former t being attached
to the auxiliary pin i of the wheel c, Figures 2, 3, 4, 7, and, the latter u being
attached to the auxiliary pin v of the wheel D, Figures 1, 2, 3, 5, 8. The
slot u provides for the opposite movement of the wheels, C, D, herein-after.

page_text: mentioned. The wheels C, D, are formed as shown clearly in Figures 3, 4,
5, 7, 8, and are arranged upon the crank pin g of the crank G, in the manner
shown clearly in Figures 1, 2, and 3. The pins and v being situated upon
opposite sides of the crank ping, and at right angles with the connecting rod I,
and from being thus arranged the reciprocating strokes of the treadle (T)
cause the wheels C, D, to vibrate upon their axis (the crank pin) in opposite
directions alternately, as indicated by the arrows in Figures 2, 3, 4, 5. This
movement takes place at the beginning of each successive stroke when the
motion of the treadle is reversed, and produces the simultaneous connecting
and disconnecting action, herein-before mentioned, by means which may be
described as follows:-The crank pin g (fully shown in Figure 10). has two
irregular surfaces or cams e and f, and the wheels C and D are formed with a
flange or regular (circular) surface c and d (as shown clearly in Figures 4
and 5, and by dotted lines in Figures 7 and 8) between the said regular (c and
d) and irregular (e and f) surfaces, a checking device or pawl L and M is
interposed, as shown clearly in Figures 4 and 5, a detached view of the said
pawls being shown in Figure 9. The pawls observe the vibrating move-
ment of the wheels C and D, in consequence of friction. in their regular
bearings at c and d, the doing which, owing to the irregularity of the bearings
e and f upon the crank pin (as shewn in Figures 4 and 5), the pawls L, M,
bind between their regular and irregular bearings, and: thus become tem
porarily fixed with respect to the crank pin (9). The spring k attached to
the crank pin, and exerting its force upon one end of the pawls, overcomes the
friction in the regular bearings (c and d), when the wheels are vibrated in one
direction, and thereby prevent the binding action, except in one direction, as
the wheels (C and D) vibrate in opposite directions'; with the reversing of the
motion of the treadle the two pawls (L, M,) are made to act simultaneously
but oppositely to each other; that is, one binds with the crank pin as the other
is loosened therefrom, and the binding pawl, of necessity, is that belonging to
the auxiliary pin in advance of the crank pin (g) in the direction in which
the crank is to rotate. The entire force of the treadle is by this means con-
centrated upon the advance auxiliary pin, which for the time performs the
office of a crank pin, and carries the crank forward in the proper
direction,
even though the crank pin (9) be upon the "dead center." The operation
may be clearly understood by reference to Figure 1 and Figures 4 and 5.
"
In Figure 1, the crank pin (9) is represented upon the upper dead
center," and the position of the interior parts of the wheels C and D are
clearly shown in Figures 4 and 5. The crank is to revolve in the direction
indicated by the arrows upon the driving pulley N. If now the toe of the

page_text: treadle (T) be pressed downward, the wheels (C and D) are vibrated in
opposite directions (as indicated by the arrows upon each in the several
Figures), and the auxiliary pin v being in advance of the crank pin (g) is, by
the binding action of the pawl M, Figure 5, firmly fixed to or connected with
the crank pin, while the pin i by the loosening of the pawl L, Figure 4, is
(disconnected from and turns freely upon the crank pin, and the crank is
:moved, forward in the direction indicated toward the lower "dead center,"
arriving at which the action of the pawls is reversed, and the advance pin i
becoming connected with the crank pin by the binding action of its pawl (L),
the succeeding stroke of the treadle carries the crank forward toward the
upper "dead center," thus completing the revolution. The spring. h upon the
.connecting rod takes up the lost motion consequent upon the shifting of the
force from one auxiliary pin to the other, without which an unpleasant sensa-
tion to the foot of the operator, attended with noise, would result.
It is obvious from the description of the pawls above mentioned, that the
same binding effect may be produced by interposing an irregular pawl between
two regular (circular) surfaces, as the flange of the wheel and a plain (cylin-
drical) crank pin, to one of which surfaces the pawl is temporarily or
permanent confined by means of friction, a hinge joint, or otherwise; also by
forming the said pawl regularly, as for instance, a roller or a ball confined,
and acting upon. two irregular surfaces, or one regular and one irregular
surface, as a circular, incline, a wedge, cam, or excentric; also that ratchets
or hooks, if skilfully arranged, may be substituted for pawls; and perhaps
some other ingenious and effective device, which in their connection may do
good service. I therefore wish it to be understood that I do not limit myself
to the use of the particular friction pawls herein described, or to any other
means which may be employed in this connection to produce the requisite
'connecting and disconnecting function performed by the pawls, be they morė
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Tomlinson Bousfield in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 17th September 1862.
:
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, 'of Loughborough Park, Brixton, in the County of
Surrey, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of March, in the year of our Lord

page_text: '
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said George Tomlinson Bousfield, Her special licence, that I, the said George>
Tomlinson Bousfield, my executors, administrators, and assigns," or such.
others as I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from:
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, -
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CRANKS FOR DRIVING SEWING MACHINES,
AND OTHER MACHINERY," a communication to me from abroad by Turner
Williams, a person resident. at Providence, State of Rhode Island, of the
United States of North America, upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, my executors, or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to.
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the :
following statement thereof, that is to say:-
Heretofore the crank operated by a treadle for the purpose of driving
sewing machines, turning lathes, and other machinery has been found objec-.
tionable; first, because the crank so arranged is liable to turn in the wrong
direction, or in the opposite direction from that intended, thereby reversing the
action of the several parts of the machine; second, because the crank is liable
to stop upon the "dead centres" (or extreme points of the stroke), from
whence it could not be started except by some independent force.
Now this Invention consists in attaching the connecting rod of the treadle to
two auxiliary pins, which are attached to and vibrate upon the crank pin.
instead of attaching the connecting rod directly to the crank pin. And in
connecting and disconnecting the said auxiliary pins alternately with and from
the crank pin at the beginning of each stroke in such a manner that the .
advance auxiliary pin (considering the direction in which the crank is to turn)
shall become temporarily fixed with respect to the crank pin, and perform the
usual function of a crank pin, while by, the same movement the rear auxiliary:
pin is loosened and permitted to turn- freely upon the crank pin. The said
1-

page_text: alternate connecting and disconnecting of the auxiliary pins with respect to
the crank pin operated by a treadle in the ordinary manner producing a con-
tinuous revolution of the crank in one given direction, and avoiding all
stoppage upon the "dead centres."
4
. To enable others skilled in the art to make and use the Invention, I will
proceed to describe the construction and operation of the same by means of
the accompanying Drawings forming part of this Specification, mentioning in
general terms well known parts, and describing more particularly those parts
which form new elements in mechanism for the purposes herein above
recited.
. In the said Drawings Figure 1 represents a side elevation and section of
the frame table and driving mechanism of a sewing machine arranged with the
improvements, one end piece A only of the frame being shewn, the corre
sponding one being removed to give an unobstructed view of the working
parts. B is the table, upon which the sewing machine is placed; A' is a
hanger, fastened to the under side of the table, which furnishes a bearing for
the driving shaft E, another bearing being formed in the end piece A of the
frame; N is a driving pulley upon the said shaft, from which, by means of a
suitable belt, motion and power is transmitted to the sewing machinery upon
the table. The shaft E has a crank G at one end, and said crank is revolved
by means of the treadle T and the connecting rod . The construction and
arrangement of the parts thus far mentioned do not differ in any essential
particular from that generally observed for such purposes. Instead, however,
of attaching the connecting rod directly to the crank pin g, the upper end of
the said rod is formed, as shewn in Figure 6, with two points of attachment,
the round hole t and the elongated hole or slot u, the former t being attached
to the auxiliary pin i of the wheel C; Figures 2, 3, 4, 7, and the latter u
being attached to the auxiliary pin v of the wheel D, Figures 1, 2, 3, 5, 8.
The slot provides for the opposite movement of the wheels C, D, herein-after
mentioned. The wheels C, D, are formed, as shewn clearly in Figures 3, 4,
5, 7, 8, and are arranged upon the crank pin g of the crank G, in the manner
shewn clearly in Figures 1, 2, and 3, the pins i and being situated upon
opposite sides of the crank pin 9, and at right angles with the connecting
rod, and from being thus arranged the reciprocating strokes of the treadle T
cause the wheels C, D, to vibrate upon their axis (the crank pin) in opposite
directions alternately, as indicated by the arrows in Figures 2, 3, 4, 5. This
movement takes place at the beginning of each successive stroke when the
motion of the treadle is reversed, and produces the simultaneous connecting
and disconnecting action berein-before mentioned, by means which may be

page_text: described as follows:-The crank pin g (fully shewn in Figure 10) has two
irregular surfaces or cams e and f, and the wheels C and D are formed with
a flange or regular circular surface c and d (as shewn clearly in Figures 4.
and 5, and by dotted lines in Figures 7 and 8), between the said - regular
(c and d) and irregular (e and f) surfaces à checking device or pawl L
and M is interposed, as shewn clearly in Figures 4 and 5, a detached view of
the said pawls being shewn in Figure 9; the pawls observe the vibrating.
movement of the wheels C and D in consequence of friction in their regular
bearings at c and d, in doing which, owing to the irregularity of the bearings:
e and f upon the crank pin (as shewn in Figures 4 and 5), the pawls L, M,
bind between their regular and irregular bearings, and thus become tempo-:
rarily fixed with respect to the crank pin g. The spring k attached to the
crank pin, and exerting its force upon one end of the pawls, overcomes the
friction in the regular bearings c and d when the wheels are vibrated in one
direction, and thereby prevent the binding action except in one direction. As
the wheels C and D vibrate in opposite directions with the reversing of the
motion of the treadle the two pails L, M, are made to act simultaneously, but:
oppositely to each other, that is, one binds with the crank pin as the other is
loosened therefrom, and the binding pawl of necessity is that belonging to the
auxiliary pin in advance of the crank pin g in the direction in which the
crank is to rotate, the entire force of the treadle is by this means concentrated
upon the advance auxiliary pin, which for the time performs the office of a
crank pin, and carries the crank forward in the proper direction, even though
the crank pin g be upon the "dead centre."
;
The operation may be clearly understood by reference to Figure 1 and
Figures 4 and 5. In Figure 1 the crank pin g is represented upon the
upper "dead centre," and the position of the interior parts of the wheels C
and D are clearly shewn in Figures 4 and 5. The crank is to revolve in the
direction indicated by the arrows upon the driving pulley N.. If now the too>
of the treadle T be pressed downward the wheels C and D are vibrated in
opposite directions (as indicated by the arrows upon each in the several
Figures), and the auxiliary pin v being in advance of the crank pin g is, by
the binding action of the pawl M, Figure 5, firmly fixed to or connected with
the crank pin, while the pin i, by the loosening of the pawl L, Figure 4, is
disconnected from and turns freely upon the crank pin, and the crank is
moved forward in the direction indicated towards the lower "dead centre,"
arriving at which the action of the pawls is reversed, and the advanced pin i
becoming connected with the crank pin by the binding action of its pawl L,
the succeeding stroke of the treadle carries the crank forward towards the.

page_text: h
upper "dead centre," thus completing the revolution. The spring / upon the
connecting rod takes up the lost motion consequent upon the shifting of
the force from one auxiliary pin to the other, without which an unpleasant
sensation to the foot of the operator, attended with noise, would result.
It is obvious from the description of the pawls above mentioned that the
same binding effect may be produced by interposing an irregular pawl between
two regular (circular) surfaces, as the flange of the wheel and a plain
(cylindrical) crank pin, to one of which surfaces the pawl is temporarily or
permanently confined by means of friction, a hinge joint, or otherwise, also by
forming the said pawl regularly as, for instance, a roller or a ball confined and
acting upon two irregular surfaces, or one regular and one irregular surface
as a circular incline, a wedge, cam, or excentric. Also that ratchets or hooks,
if skilfully arranged, may be substituted for pawls, and perhaps some other
ingenious and effective device, which in their connection may do good service.
I therefore wish it to be understood that I do not limit myself to the use of
the particular friction pawls herein described, or to any other means which
may be employed in this connection to produce the requisite connecting and:
disconnecting function performed by the pawls, be they more or less effective.
An improved construction of the machine is shewn in the full size working
Drawings of Plate II., in which Figure 1 is a front view of the improved
machine; Figure 2 is a plan of the same; Figure 3 is a section by the
line a, a, of Figure 2; Figures 4, 5, 6, and 7 are details; Figure 8 is a.
section by the line e, e, Figure 2; Figure 9 is a section by the line d, d,
Figure 2; Figure 10 is a section by the line g, g, Figure 3; Figure 11 is.a
section by the line k, Figure. 4. Similar letters of reference indicate parts
corresponding with those already described. In this construction it will be
seen that the crank pin g, Figure 6, is simply cylindrical; that there are two
flanged dises C and D fixed upon each end of the said crank pin, as shewn by
dotted lines; that the auxiliary pins i and v are attached to two vibrating
arms O and P, each having an excentric or irregular bearing E and F thereon,
which (arms and excentrics) vibrate upon the crank pin g, as do the wheels
C and D in the previous description, the difference being that whereas in the
first instance the irregular bearings e and fare stationary upon the crank pin,
and the regular bearings c and d vibrate; in the second instance, the irregular
bearings (the excentrics e and f) vibrate, and the regular bearings (the flanged
discs C and D) are stationary. The springs hand k occupying the same.
relations to the vibrating parts, and performing the same functions respectively
as before described. The two flanged excentric discs L and M are like the
pawls L and M interposed between the regular (c and d) and irregular.

page_text: (e and f) bearings, and perform the alternate connecting and disconnecting
functions of the said pawls, substantially in the manner above described. Of
the two constructions shewn the latter is preferred as being less expensive in
its manufacture, besides being less liable to get out of order from severe and
constant usage.
Having thus described the construction and operation of the said Invention,
what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is,―
First, attaching the connecting rod to two auxiliary pins i and v, or their
equivalent, instead of directly to the crank pin 9, substantially as herein
specified.
Second, I claim the alternate connecting and disconnecting of the said
auxiliary pins, or an equivalent means of attachment with and from the crank
pin of a crank in the act of turning such crank by means of a treadle or other
device for imparting a reciprocating movement, substantially as herein spe-
cified, for the purpose set forth.
Third, I claim the pawls L, M, or their equivalents, substantially as
described for the purpose specified; and also the peculiar shaped rod for
vibrating the arms and P, or their equivalent in opposite directions
simultaneously.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Eighth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
GEO. I. BOUSFIELD. (L.S.)