Improvements in Type Containing Channels.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Mar., 1887
Specification Accepted, 29th Apr., 1887.
[Communicated from abroad by ABBOTT AUGUSTUS Low, of Brooklyn, United States
of America, a Citizen of the United States of America.]
Improvements in Type Containing Channels.
I JOHN CLAYTON MEWBURN, of 169 Fleet Street, in the City of London, Fellow of
the Institute of Patent Agents do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
The invention relates to those type channels in which the types are arranged in line
in a prescribed position; and the improvements are designed more especially for use
in conjunction with the class of type setting and distributing apparatus set forth in
United States Letters Patent No. 230,784, No. 254,019, No. 203,707, No. 264,084,
No. 264,085, No. 268,409, No. 271,711, No. 275,664, No. 279,168 and No. 282,988.
In the method of handling types to which the invention appertains the types are
deposited successively into the ends of the type containing channels while the latter
rest with their backs or spines upon the table or bed of the distributing apparatus.
The types descend heel first into their respective containing channels and are forwarded
therein by a reciprocating pusher.
The nature and causes of the "back lash" are fully set forth in United States
Patent No. 354,149 dated December 14th, 1886, to which reference may be had in
this connection as illustrating the means heretofore employed for conteracting or
preventing this objectionable feature in the handling of type. In the case referred to
off-sets or deviations in the course of the channels, as well as a roughened metallic
surface, are utilized to hold and sustain the types against retractile movement or
sliding in the channel.
In the present case a feature of the invention is that a section of one or both sides
of the type containing channels is provided with a resisting surface composed of a
continuous strip of a comparatively soft semi-elastic substance of fibrous, textile or
other suitable material which bears continuously upon the opposed types, fills or takes
up the "play" or difference between the width of the channel and that of the types
at such point, and creates sufficient lateral pressure upon the types engaged therewith
.

page_text: to counteract any back pressure in the column of types beyond. This improved means
of holding and sustaining the types in position is important from its simplicity and
cheapness and also for the reason that it prevents all injury to the types.
This device also prevents the spilling or displacement of the types while the channels
are being raised and removed from position in the. distributor preparatory to transfer
to the "setter or to the locking of the types in the channels by the means hereinafter
set forth.
::
Brushes have been used for a somewhat similar purpose at the receiving end of a
type race or way, as in the United States Patent of Richards No. 212,504 but such
brushes are not the equivalent of the continuous surface, above described, of fibrous,
textile, or other suitable soft material, neither are they designated to counteract "back
lash" as in my channel. The type race or way in Richards' case referred to forms
a permanent part of a type setting apparatus, whereas my type containing channels
are removable and separate from either setting or distributing apparatus, although
used in both. The side walls of the channels in the Richards apparatus are cut away
or slotted to allow the ends of the bristles to protrude into the channel and the bristles
are bent backward by the advancing types, exert their elasticity to return or throw
back the later types received when the latter are unsupported by a type column behind;
whereas in my construction a continuous strip of fibrous or textile or other soft material
is applied directly to the inner surface or side wall of the channel without weakening
the latter, and by its softness gives way immediately to the types as soon as they
encounter it and it exerts its supporting and sustaining pressure squarely in a trans-
verse direction. The soft semi-elastic material thus acting upon the types at right
angles to their longitudinal axes does not turn the types upon such axes as is the
tendency in the case of the bristles, which latter may be likened to a series of springs
projecting into the path of the types, the outer ends of which springs are bent back-
ward by the advancing edge of a type in such manner that the elasticity of the springs
will cause the types to turn upon their longitudinal axes unless supported in the rear
by a sufficient number of other succeeding types. Thus the least looseness or play in
the line of types at that point renders the use of the bristles not only ineffective but
also detrimental.
Curved metallic springs have also been used in connection with a type race-way to
exert pressure upon passing types. The outer ends of such springs also have a
tendency to force the types backward before they reach the centre of the curve or
point of direct lateral pressure. However I do not seek to claim broadly an elastic or
yielding surface in a type passage, but limit myself to a type bearing surface in a type
receiving and containing channel when such surface is composed of a continuous strip
or section of a soft yielding, semi-elastic substance, such as fibrous, textile or other
equivalent material, applied directly in the interior of the channel.
In order to afford a positive means for locking the types in the containing channel
during storage or transfer, and also for the purpose of subdividing the channel into
two or more divisions or compartments when desirable, I provide my improved type
containing channel with division pieces or partitions which engage positively with the
channel in such manner that they are held against movement in the direction of the
length of the channel.
::
Owing to the comparatively small numbers of types of certain denominations which
occur in ordinary matter" and consequently in setting and distribution, some of the
channels, which are preferably all made of an average uniform length, will be capable
of containing a far greater number of types than they are ever called upon to accommo-
date in practice. By subdividing the channel into two or more compartments or
divisions, I am therefore enabled to utilize valuable space which would otherwise be
practically useless, for the reception and storage of two or more denominations
of types.
For such purpose the division or partition pieces may be either movable or stationary
and permanent. When stationary and permanent the partition is preferably situated
at or near the centre of the channel, and since either end of the channel may be used
as the receiving end, the channel so formed may be designated as a "reversible

page_text: channel. In connection with the permanent division or partition movable divisions
or partitions may be used for locking the types in either compartment or end of the
channel.
The same result may be attained by the use of one or more movable or adjustablo
partitions or division pieces; but where the latter are used exclusively there will be
no necessity for reversing the channel since, as soon as the desired number of a given
denomination of type have been distributed into the channel at one end, they may be
slid to the rear or other extremity of the channel and locked between two of the
movable partitions or division pieces, when types of another denomination may be
distributed into the first or receiving end without interference with the types previously
distributed therein.
In this manner, two, three or more denominations of type may be accommodated in
a single channel in convenient form for storage and use, since when one denomination
of type is exhausted in the "setter" from one compartment either the channel may
be reversed to bring the other denomination into position for setting, or the movable
partition may be withdrawn and the types above slid down into position for removal
as the case may be.
An incidental feature of this part of the invention is that the channel bottom or spine
is inade in the form of an inwardly projecting curve for the double purpose of facili-
tating the alignment of the types, and of affording a concavity underneath the channel
which allows the protuberance through the bottom, of means for holding the division
pieces in position.
'
In the accompanning drawings Figure 1 represents a side elevation of the improved
type containing channel, a portion of one side wall being broken away to show the
semi-elastic friction surface, and illustrating the locking of two columns of types of
different denomination by means of movable partitions or division pieces. Figure 2
is a top or edge view of the improved type containing channel, empty and formed
with a permanent partition or division piece at its centre. Figure 3 is a central longi-
tudinal section through the channel, representing a line of type of one denomination
locked in position upon one side of a permanent central partition or division piece,
while a line of type of another denomination is represented as having just been fed
into the other extremity of the channel. Figure 4 is a view of the spine or under
side of the type containing channel. Figure 5 is an end view of the channel illus-
trating a method of applying the semi-elastic type resisting surface. Figure 6 is a
transverse section of the channel and a movable partition or division piece, slowing
means for positively securing the latter in position. Figure 7 is a transverse section
of the type channel near one extremity illustrating the action of the semi-elastic type
resisting or holding section. Figure 8 is a transverse section of the type containing
channel showing a movable partition or division piece provided with a stud or projec-
tion which enters any one of a series of holes formed in the spine or bottom of the
channel. Figure 9 is a similar view showing a movable partition or division piece
formed with a laterally projecting shoulder for engagement with notches formed in
the upper edge of the side walls of the type channel. Figures 10, 11 and 12 are
detail views, taken at right angles to each other, of a movable partition or division
piece formed with the lateral projection or shoulder.
The channels are preferably made from sheet metal blanks which are struck up
into the required shape. The side walls may be of equal width or height in certain
cases, but it is preferred to make one side wall c, less in width than the other c¹, to
afford access to the types in the channel. The side walls are parallel, or nearly so,
and are inclined, with relation to the spine or base S, in such manner that when the
spine of the channel rests square upon a support the side walls will be slightly out of
the perpendicular. The spines are preferably, though not necessarily, curved inward
so as to form a concavity s, under or at the rear of the channel, while affording a
convex bottom in the interior thereof. The convexity of the bottom tends to main-
tain the types in contact with the lower inclined wall c, while the concavity s affords
accommodation for the heads of the screws, or for the protuberance of the projection
or studs by which the partitions or division pieces are held in position in the channel.

page_text: •
This will be understood by reference to Figures 3, 4, 6 and 8 in which it will be seen
that the spine or bottom S is formed with perforations or slots, s² ², at suitable
distances apart.
Where the channel is designed exclusively for use as a reversible channel, into the
opposite ends of which types of different denominations are to be distributed, a perma-
nent partition or division piece is formed midway in the channel, although the
same effect may be produced by substituting, for the stationary partition D, one of
the movable partitions or division pieces D'. The latter are formed so that they are
adapted to engage at certain positions with the channel in such manner as to prevent
their movement longitudinally therein. That is to say, provision is made for tempo-
rarily holding them stationary in position at certain points in the channel. It is
obvious that this may be accomplished in various ways without affecting the principle
involved. For instance the division pieces D' may be formed with lateral shoulders
or projections d, which may be made to engage with any of a series of notches, or
off-sets, d formed in the upper edge of one of the side walls of the channel, as
illustrated in Figures 1, 9, 10 and 11. Or the under side of the division pieces D¹
may be formed with studs or projections e, e, adapted to engage with any of the series
of holes. In place of the studs e, e, screws, may be substituted, passing
through any of the holes 1 $2, and screwing into the bottom of a division piece, as
shown in Figure 6. This latter form of attachment is desirable when used in conjunc-
tion with the longitudinal holes or slots s', in the spine S, since by such means the
division pieces can be adjusted longitudinally in the channel to a slight extent, suffi-
cient to take up and compensate for any play or looseness in a line of type which it
is designed to lock up. Otherwise, where the prescribed positions of the division
pieces D¹ prevent their gripping the opposite ends of a line of types, the looseness is
taken up by the insertion of one or more spaces as is customary in setting up ordi-
nary printing matter. One or both extremities of the channel are provided with semi-
clastic friction surfaces or type holders T, attached to or held in position against
the side wall of the channel in any convenient or desirable manner.
These type
holders T may be formed of any suitable fibrous or textile material, and they are
applied to the channel in such manner that they bear against the sides of the types
as they pass and force them against the opposite side wall of the channel with suffi-
cient pressure to hold them stationary and in position, except when the types are
being forcibly forwarded in the channel by hand or by the forwarding mechanism in
the distributor.
Some kinds of ordinary string or cord answer the requirements of such frictional
surfaces T very well, and afford a cheap and convenient construction. An illustration
of such use is shown upon the left hand extremity of the channel in Figures 1, 2, 3
and 5 in which a knotted string t, is first passed through a hole st, in the spine S,
until the knot rests against the latter, and then passed in through the perforation t¹,
and out through the perforation 2, in the side wall of the channel, thus exposing a
section T in the path of the type. The free end after being passed through the second
perforation, in the side wall of the channel may be secured by knotting or in any
other suitable manner, if desired, but it is preferred to use a cord of sufficient length
to allow such free end to project loosely beyond the outer side wall of the channel for
the reason hereinafter set forth. Or, a band or loop of string or other textile or fibrous
material may be slipped down into position over a section of the side wall c¹, by the
provision of open slots in the latter, as indicated, upon the right hand extremity
of the channel. In either case new semi-elastic material may conveniently be
substituted for old.
I do not however confine myself to any special form of applying the semi-clastic
friction surface T, since it may be cemented, rivetted, or attached to the side wall of
the channel in any way which may be found expedient.
By forming the notches d', in the edge of the higher side wall c¹ of the channel,
and making the division piece D¹, of corresponding height, the latter may be used
as slugs, by reversing them in position, so that their shoulders d project above the
lower side wall of the channel.

page_text: In the drawings hereinbefore referred to the semi-elastic surface is shown as
formed of a piece of string, threaded through holes in one side wall of the channel
in such manner as to project slightly into the path of, or against the sides of, the
types, and gently press or crowd them over toward and against the opposite side
wall of the channel. This form of semi-elastic anti-back lash, is not only the simplest
and cheapest, but is also the most effective form of anti-back lash in use. By
allowing the string to rest loosely within the channel, the outer end only being
secured to prevent the longitudinal displacement of the string in the direction of
the line of motion of the types, the effectiveness of the device is increased since the
string or cord is then free to kink up or pucker slightly under any retractile movement
or pressure in the column of type, thereby increasing the resistance offered to the
passage of the type in that direction, without interfering with, or increasing the normal
resistance afforded to the advance of the types in the other and legitimate direction.
But in order to insure this result and avoid any tendency of the types to work upward
vertically, as they are liable to do if the string does not extend parallel to the floor
of the channel, it is desirable, when first starting, to distribute into. a channel and
until a column of type an inch or two long has been formed, to guide and sustain
the inner or free portion or end of the string or cord in the required alignment by
means that, while they are positive in this respect, will not interfere with or prevent
the puckering or kinking of the cord under back pressure.
I accomplish this by forming a groove, parallel to the length of the channel, in the
side of the "slug" or type preceding and sustaining device, which groove is adapted
to receive and sustain the adjoining portion of the cord confining the latter between
itself and the side wall of the channel, and lifting its free end up and feeding it to
the succeeding types as required by their advancement. By this means the perfect
alignment of the full length of the cord is attained before the "slug" passes beyond
it, after which the types themselves, owing to their movement longitudinally through
the channel, will successively preserve such proper relation of parts.
For the purpose of more perfectly guiding and sustaining the smaller sizes and
thicknesses of types, I provide each side wall of the type channel with a section of
semi elastic material, the two being opposed to each other so as to subject the types to
an equal degree of friction or pressure upon each side. Where these sections are both
formed of the base string or cord arranged and operating as hereinbefore mentioned,
the opposite sides of the "slug" are formed with corresponding parallel grooves for
the reception and guidance of either cord.
Another feature of the invention, in connection with the "slug," is that the latter is
formed with one or more grooves, adapted to hold in position a loop, or band of rubber,
cord or other soft elastic or semi-clastic material, for the purpose of increasing the
frictional contact of the said "slug" with the side wall or walls of the type containing
channel.
When the latter is formed with a high and a low wall, as is usual in the case of type
channels herein referred to, the cord or band is situated above the position of the upper
edge of the lower side wall of the channel, and is arranged to project outward beyond
the surface of the slug only upon one side of the latter, so that by reversing the slug
in position within the channel as required, its frictional contact with the upper side
wall thereof may be increased or diminished.
An important feature also of the invention is, that the floor or bottom of the receiving
end of the type containing channel is formed with a soft or semi-elastic receiving
surface or cushion, against which the heels of the descending types will strike.
Heretofore the types have descended directly upon the metallic bottoms, or spines,
of the channels, and, since they fall vertically, or nearly so, and some of them from a
height of between two and three inches, they have been liable to rebound to such an
extent as to endanger their proper alignment or relative position within the channel.
It is obviously of importance that the types should be handled as gently as possible,
not only to avoid unnecessary wear, but also in order to prevent their turning upon
their longitudinal axes; and by decreasing the jar or reaction at this point to the

page_text: minimum degree, a more perfect and even line of type within the channel is insured,
and the occurrence therein of turned or reversed types is obviated.
Incidental features of the invention are the means herein shown and described for
providing for the suspension of the type containing channel, when required; and
also in forming one end of the type containing channel with elongated beads or
interior projections of the side walls of the channel for the purpose of retarding the
passage of types at that end; the said beads or ribs being corrugated or otherwise
roughened transversely (or vertically) to augment frictional contact with the types.
In Figures 13, 14 and 15 portions of a reciprocating pusher, and a vertical type
conduit, are shown, by way of illustration. Figure 13 is a side elevation of a type
containing channel, the central portion being broken away. Figure 14 a longitudinal
section through the same, shewing the "slug," or type preceder, in elevation. Figure 15
a longitudinal section of the receiving end of the channel and adjoining portion of a
vertical type conduit, forming part of a distributing apparatus. Figure 16 a top
view of the receiving end of the containing channel, shown in Figure 15. Figure 17
a longitudinal section of the receiving end of the channel, without the types, or slug,
or type preceder. Figure 18 a transverse section of the channel and slug, upon
plane of line --- Figure 15. Figure 19 is a side elevation of the grooved slug and
type preceder. Figure 20 an end view of the same. Figure 21 a top view of one
extremity of the type containing channel, a portion of each side wall being broken
away to show the interior projections in section; and Figure 22 is a longitudinal
section of a slug, showing a form of groove which is less in depth at one extremity
than at the other.
The type containing channel A, is formed from sheet metal, struck up into the
required form by suitable dies, as heretofore. It is preferably formed with a high
walla, and a low wall a', for the purpose of exposing the heads of the types, &c.
The receiving end a² of the channels, that which engages with the vertical conduit
and vibrating pusher in the distributing apparatus, is formed with walls a³, a of
equal height. The height of these receiving end walls a³, a. is regulated with relation
to the position of the vibrating pusher I', when the channel is in the distributing
apparatus. It will be seen by reference to Figures 13, 14 and 15, in which a portion
of the reciprocating pusher P is shown by way of illustrating the relative positions
of the parts referred to, that the upper edges of the end walls a³, a pass underneath
the pusher and thereby allow the latter to forward the types the required distance
with the channel,-it being understood that the pusher P is a simple straight edge
or plate without the usual comb teeth or pusher fingers.
The floor or bottom of the receiving end a², of the channel A, is provided with
a cushion or receiving surface B, of a comparatively soft, or semi-elastic material.
There are a large variety of substances that may be used for this purpose, and their
mode of application or attachment to the channel may be varied; but for the sake of
illustration, and without designing to confine myself to the special construction
shown in this respect, I have shown in the drawings a simple arrangement in which
a band or section of tape or braid b, of a width equal to about that of the interior
of the channel, is passed through a hole ¹, in the floor or spine of the channel, and
its ends tied together at the end thereof.
Where this means is employed the free ends of the tape or braid & may be formed
into a loop b², by which the channel may be suspended.
By reference to Figure 15, it will be seen that the cushion B is directly in the path
of the heels of the types as they descend from the vertical conduit C.
Cords D, D are attached to the side walls a, a² of the channel A, just back of its
receiving end a² and at a height approximating that of the middle of the types,
when upright within the channel. These cords may be attached in any suitable or
convenient manner. As shown in the drawings one extremity of each cord is simply
knotted while the other or free ends are passed through perforations 4, formed in the
side walls of the channel, and rest loosely therein.
The "slug," or type preceder, S, is formed with the grooves s, s, upon either side,

page_text: which coincide in position, when the "slug" S is opposite within the channel, with
the holes or perforations in the side walls of the channel, and consequently with
the fixed ends of the cords D D. The grooves s, s are parallel with the floor or bottom
of the channel A.
Preparatory to distributing into the type channel A, the cords are inserted in the
grooves s, s in the slug, and the latter deposited in the channel in position to receive
and sustain the first type distributed.
As the types increase in number, and the line in length, tho slug gradually raises
the loose, or free, end of the cords D D, and insures their proper alignment with
relation to the channel and the types.
The "slug" S is also formed near its upper edge with one or more grooves s¹, s¹,
parallel to the grooves s, s, for the reception of a band of rubber, or string, t, or other
elastic, or semi-elastic, material which, by its contact with the side wall of the
channel, will tend to retard the movement of the slug.
Where a channel having both a high and a low wall is used, as in the accompanying
drawings, one of the grooves s¹, upon one side of the "slug" S, is made sufficiently
deep to receive the thickness of the cord t bodily, while the corresponding groove
upon the opposite side of the slug is either omitted, or made very shallow, so as to
cause the cord t, upon that side, to protrude more or less beyond the surface of the
slug. By this means a reversible friction slug is formed, since, by turning the side
upon which the cord protrudes to the side of the channel upon which the short will a¹
is situated, the cord will be entirely free of either side wall, while, by reversing the
slug S, the projecting portion of the cord t is brought into contact with the upper
portion of the taller side wall a, and, by its own compression between the latter and
the "slug," augments the resistance afforded against the movement of the slug in
either direction.
The extremity of the containing channel A, opposite the receiving end, is formed
with one or more beads e, e which project inward and are preferably roughened or
corrugated to afford a resisting surface to the escape of the slug or type at that end of
the channel.
The same end of the channel is also formed with a slot f, in the floor or spine
for the purpose of affording a means of suspending the channel upon a hook or other
support when desired. The beads or corrugations e extend longitudinally within the
channel. The grooves s may be formed in the ends of the slug S, instead of the
sides, if preferred. The grooves s may be inclined to the length of the slug S, as
shown in Figure 22, that is to say, one extremity of the groove s is much shallower
than the rest of the groove for the purpose of pinching the cord more effectively at
that point against the side wall of the containing channel.
Another feature of the invention is that the type containing channel is formed at
its receiving end with a longitudinal bead or internal rib upon one side wall which
occupies a plane parallel to the bottom or spine and equal to about one half type high
therefrom, so as to bear against the types, at or near their middle portions, and force
them over against the opposite side wall. Also, in conjunction therewith, the opposite
side wall is formed with an abrupt shoulder and a recess or depression beyond, into
engagement with which the types are tilted by the longitudinal head or rib, which
commences at a point upon the opposite side wall just back of the said shoulder, so that
the upper portions of the types, after falling behind the said shoulder, are held within
the depression and against retractile movement beyond the shoulder, by the said rib
or internal bead.
While the rigid longitudinal rib may be used alone for the larger types as the
equivalent of the longitudinal rib or section of elastic or semi-elastic material herein-
before described, the special construction and arrangement herein shown is especially
desirable and effective when used in connection with the smaller and lighter sizes of
type, which are more difficult to handle and control than the larger sizes.
During use the smaller sizes of type are on the aggregate most liable to be bent or
distorted from their original straight shape, causing them, when they are assembled

page_text: in a continuous line within a type channel, to present an unusual degree of elasticity or
retractile forco which renders it desirable that they shall be positively locked out or
prevented from returning into the throat or receiving end of the channel after they
have once been forwarded therefrom by the pusher. This is insured by the present
improvement in construction.
Another feature of the invention is that the receiving ends of the narrower channels
for the reception of the smaller sizes of types are formed with enlarged extremities,
having parallel side walls which engage with the stationary shoulders upon the
distributing apparatus, the said stationary shoulders being of a uniform standard size
and of a width equal to that of the type passages in the largest channels to be used.
The shoulders referred to act to centralise the channels and steady them laterally I am
aware that heretofore the ends of the channels have been bevelled or flared for a
similar purpose, but this necessitates the use of corresponding wedge shaped shoulders
upon the distributor which are not as effective in use as the square shoulders.
Figure 23 is a central longitudinal section of the receiving end of a type containing
channel, and adjoining parts of the distributing apparatus, illustrating this part of the
invention. Figure 24 is a top view of the same. Figure 25 a longitudinal section of
the receiving end of a channel, empty. Figure 26 a horizontal longitudinal section of
the same, upon plane of line ---, Figure 25. Figure 27 a tranverse section of the
receiving end of the type channel, illustrating the locking of the types. Figure 28
an end elevation of the receiving end of a type channel. Figure 29 a top view of the
receiving ends of three adjoining type containing channels, having narrow type
passages, showing their engagement with the centralizing and supporting shoulders
upon the distributing apparatus. Figure 30 is a side elevation of the improved slug,
or type preceder; and Figure 31 a transverse section of the same.
.
The type containing channel is struck up from sheet metal, or otherwise formed,
into the required shape.
C
When inserted in the distributing apparatus its inner, or receiving, end c is made
to engage with the usual tongues or shoulders D, which project into it and centralize
and support the channels laterally.
When the channels are designed for the reception of types of smaller sizes, they are
made correspondingly less in width, except at their inner or receiving ends, which are
widened and formed with parallel side walls d, d which are adapted to engage with
the standard size of projecting shoulder D upon the distributor.
The channel is preferably formed with a high wall c², and a low wall e³, as
heretofore.
Near the receiving end c, the low side is formed with a depression or recess »,
which terminates at its receiving end in an abrupt shoulder s, while at the other it
gradually merges into the full height of the side wall, as shown in Figure 28.
Upon the opposite or higher side is formed a rigid internally projecting longitudinal
bead or rib m. This longitudinal rib m may be beaded or stamped out from the
material forming the side wall at that point, or it may be otherwise formed or applied
in any suitable or convenient manner. Its position within the channel is parallel to
the floor or spine c', of the latter, and in a line with the motion of the pusher P, with
which it acts in conjunction by retaining the types after they have been forwarded by
the advance stroke of the pusher and during its retractile movement.
This longitudinal rib m, may be used alone, if preferred or desirable, but when used
in conjunction with the depression », and shoulder s, upon the opposite side wall it
constitutes, with the latter, a positive lock which effectually prevents the return of even
the smallest types into the throat or receiving end of the channel.
To effect this the shoulder s is arranged slightly in advance of the inner or receiving
end of the rib m, in such manner that before the type has actually been affected by
the rib it will have passed just beyond the shoulder s, when its continued forward
movement will cause the rib to push it laterally so that its upper porton will project
slightly into the depression or recess r, and behind the shoulders, as illustrated in
Figure 27, in which the inner outline of the shoulders is dotted; (see also Figure 24).

page_text: The obstruction thus presented against the return of the type, though slight, is
positive and sufficient to counteract back pressure of a column of even the smallest
types.
As the types advance further they gradually become perpendicular by the increase
in height of the portion of the upper edge of the side wall e³, which constitutes the
bottom of the depression r. The type preceder, or slug Q, is formed with a series of
perforations 4, 7, through which the cord q² may be passed or laced. The holes are
countersunk upon one side, as shown in Figure 31, at 2, to accommodate the knots,
or other fastenings, by which the ends of the cord are secured. The series of holes
permits of the use of a shorter or longer cord as may be required, and they are
preferably arranged in the body of the slug, diagonally as shown.
The novelty in this construction of slug consists in the special means for affording
variations in resistance as hereinbefore set forth, and a single thickness only of cord
is used, the slug upon one side being formed with recesses or depressions surrounding
the perforations for the purpose of isolating the knot formed in the ends of the cord,
and no continuous groove being employed.
Another feature of the invention is that the upper ends of the lower side wall of a
channel are formed with a recess or depression which is opposed in position to the
elastic or semi-elastic section of resisting surface hereinbefore referred to, in such
manner that the latter tends constantly to throw the upper portions of the types, as
they pass between, and into, the said recess or depression, the inclination thus imparted
to the types causing their upper portions to project slightly beyond the frame of the
inner surface of the side wall so that they will be positively held, upon that side,
against retractile movement, by the shoulder which terminates the receiving end of
the recess or depression, while the elastic or semi-clastic surface upon the other side of
the channel supports and holds them in position against lateral or axial movement.
As used in the distributing apparatus the channels are centralized and held against
lateral displacement at their receiving ends by stationary tongues or shoulders with
which the bottom and side walls of the channels engage at that end. These tongues
or shoulders are of a width equal to that of the largest type to be distributed in the
apparatus and consequently equal to the inside width of the largest type channel.
In order to adapt the channels which are struck up from sheet metal to the
distribution of types of smaller widths and at the same time retain a uniformity in
maximum width, &c. between the different series of channels for the accommodation of
the various sizes of type that may be distributed in a single distributing apparatus, I
form the channels for the smaller sizes with inwardly projecting side walls, upon
one or both sides, for a greater portion of their length, so as to contract the type
passages to the required degree without affecting the original width of the channel,
the exterior of which remains of standard size. By this means all looseness or play
between the channels, while they are in position, is avoided (see Figures 34 and 35).
and the receiving ends of the channels, which are unchanged, engage squarely with
the entering tongues or shoulders upon the distributor.
I herein before show internal projections or ribs extending a short distance along the
channel, but they relate to the retardation of the types and the prevention of back
lash, &c. and contract a type passage of the full or maximum width of the channel at
certain points only, whereas the construction here referred relates to a new channel of
maximum exterior width formed with a contracted type passage which is practically
continuous and of uniform width throughout.
Another feature of the invention is that the high walls of the channels at their
receiving ends are formed with a curve or inclination which gradually descends to the
level of the top of the other or shorter walls. By this means the side walls connect
with the side walls of the type passages in the conduit walls of the distributing
apparatus, upon substantially the same level and all unnecessary unevenness in the type
passages is avoided.
-
Figure 32 is a side elevation of this improved form of type containing channel, the
middle portion being broken away. Figure 33 is a top view of the receiving ends of
two adjoining type containing channels and the stationary tongues or shoulders upon
B

page_text: the distributor which engages therewith. Figure 34 is a transverse section of three
adjoining type containing channels in each of which both side walls are bent inward
to contract the type passages. Figure 35 is a similar view in which one side wall only
in each channel is bent inward for the same purpose. Figure 36 is a transverse
section of the receiving end of a type channel, illustrating the tilting of the types.
Figure 37 a vertical longitudinal section of the receiving end of a type containing
channel, and adjoining parts of the distributing apparatus. Figure 38 a vertical
section, upon plane of line --- a Figures 32 and 37, of three type containing
channels and adjoining parts of the distributing apparatus, except the pusher fingers.
Figure 39 a side elevation of the type preceder or slug without the band of elastic or
semi-elastic material. Figure 40 a similar view with the band applied.
The type containing channel is formed from sheet metal struck up into the desired
shape, as heretofore.
When designed for the largest sizes of type to be used, it is of the form shown in
cross-section in Figure 38, which represents the receiving ends of the channels, which
receiving ends are never altered in shape, but remain of the same width, irrespective
of the size of the type passage in the rear or body of the channel.
When the channel is designed for the reception of types of less than the maximum
width its side walls, one or both, as may be necessary or preferable, are bent inward
the greater portion of their length and height, as will be understood by reference to
Figures 32, 33, 36 so as to contract the type passages, as required.
These interior projections c¹, of the channels, are stamped up, or otherwise formed
as may be most convenient, and besides performing the office of contracting the type
passages, they tend to stiffen and strengthen the channels materially against lateral
strain or binding.
The upper receiving end of the higher walls 2 is inclined or curved downward as
indicated in Figures 32 and 37, until its extreme inner end is of the same height only
as that of the shorter side wall c³. By this means the conduit walls a, a, in the
conduit plate A, may be made to extend down to and join the channel walls c², c³, on
a common level, as indicated in Figure 38. It is true that the higher side walls of
the channel might be notched or cut away to receive the lower extremity of the
conduit wall a, but in such case the slightest bend or injury to the vertical edge of the
offset thus formed would cause it to project more or less into the path of the types and
interfere with their proper alignment. Thus the cutting away of the ends of the
upper side wall, as described, would simplify the construction of both the channels and
the bottom of the conduit plate A, while avoiding all danger of obstruction or
interference with the types at that point.
The upper side walls c², of each channel C, at the receiving end is provided with an
inwardly projecting rib, or section, of elastic or semi-elastic material m, which may be
applied in any of the ways herein designated. This section m of comparatively soft
elastic material, is preferably arranged horizontally and longitudinally with relation to
the channel, and in a plane corresponding to that of the reciprocating pusher P, which
coincides with the middle of the types when upright within the channel.
In the adjoining upper edge of the shorter wall 3, a recess or depression is formed,
being deepest at the receiving end, where it ends in an abrupt shoulder s, from the
bottom of which the upper edge of the side wall c¹ inclines or curves upward and
backward, as indicated in Figures 32 and 37, until it merges into straight horizontal
edge, which is parallel to the spine or bottom c. The types, as they are forwarded by
the pusher, are crowded and tilted by the elastic material m towards the lower side
wall e', until the shoulder s is reached and passed, when their upper portions fall
behind the inner edge of the said shoulder s slightly, as indicated in Figure 34, thereby
checking their tendency to follow the retractile movement of the pusher.
It will be seen that in this arrangeinent the elasticity of the material m, throws the
types behind the shoulders and sustains them in such position until, during their
further progress, they are gradually raised into the vertical position by the increase in
the height of the bottom of the depression r.
The slug Q is provided with a band of elastic or flexible material q, in a manner

page_text: similar to that hereinbefore described; the only novelty in this connection being the
formation of the recess q₁ for enclosing and protecting the band at that point, and the
securing knot, when string is used (as illustrated in Figure 37), and the recess or
slot q, formed near the other extremity of the slug for the reception and detention of
that end of the band or cord. q.
The slot is preferably inclined downward to prevent the loosening or displacement
of the material. By the use of the slot q one end of the slug is left unbroken and
continuous, affording a straight smooth surface down which the first type will slide
without impediment, as hereinbefore stated.
In order to properly sustain the types in each type containing channel in a close
compact line, it is desirable that the "type preceder" or "slug" shall exert a degree
of resistance, against movement longitudinally within the channel, greater than that
which would be afforded by a line of type equal to its length. In other words the
type preceder" or "slug" must not rest loosely within the channel, but must exert
a restraining influence upon the types, during and after the impulse of the type
forwarding device, sufficient to prevent all looseness or play between the types con-
stituting the line; the types being held at the other or receiving end of the line
during the retractile movement of the pusher by any of the means heretofore set
forth.
After removal from the distributing apparatus another and similar friction slug is
usually inserted in the receiving end of the channel and pressed up against that end of
the type line, the latter thus being held and confined between two movable partitions
which should afford sufficient resistance to sustain the types firmly and compactly
against accidental jar or disturbance during the handling and transfer of the channels.
When the types are required for the purpose of setting" or composition, the
containing channels and their contents are inserted in their appropriate recesses or
compartments within the setter case, as shown and described in United States Patents
No. 230,784, No. 254,019, No. 271,711, No. 336,719, No. 336,647 by reference to
which it will be seen that the said recesses formed in the body of the setter case for
the reception of the type containing channels are made as small and narrow as is
practicable, so that any rigid protrusion beyond the walls. of the type containing
channels would be inadmissible.
Thus it is essential that the "type preceders" or "slugs" shall in no case exceed
type-high or project beyond the open edges of the type channels. But this rule,
owing to the narrowness of the channels, renders it difficult to extract or handle the
slugs," and tweezers, or other special implements, have usually to be employed in
handling or controlling them.
One of the objects of the invention is to afford a ready and convenient means of
moving the "type preceders' ог slugs" within the channels, or extracting them
therefrom without interfering with the insertion of the channels into the setter case.
Any rigid handle or projection upon a type preceder or slug would not only thus
render the type containing channel useless in connection with the type setter, but
would also endanger the contents of the channel during handling and transfer since
by its projection beyond the edges of the type channel it would render the sług liable
to contact with extraneous objects..
Another objection to such rigid handle or projection would be that during the
distribution of the earlier types into the channel while in position in the distributor, it
would be caught and slid back away from the forward end of the line of the type cach
time the receiver plate carriage was pushed back or retracted from the vertical receiver
plate thereby upsetting the line.
In the construction referred to, also, provision is made for isolating the knot or
fastening where cord or string is employed, whereas according to the present feature
of the invention protuberances or knots formed upon the cord are utilized to augment
and perfect the close engagement between slug and channel, and also by increasing or
diminishing the number of knots, to regulate the degree of pressure exerted by the
slug agaiust the side walls of the channel in accordance with the special requirements.
of the particular type under treatment, it being a fact that different sizes and kinds of

page_text: type require a greater or less degree of restraint; a line of the smaller sizes of type
being in the aggregate liable to present a proportionally greater degree of elasticity
than a corresponding line of larger and heavier types for the reasons hereinbéfore set
forth.
The importance of thus regulating the resistance afforded by the "preceder" or
"slug" with relation to the condition of use is of practical importance, since
insufficiency of resistance to the action of the pusher will allow the latter to pitch or
throw both preceder and type forward loosening the line or column, while an excess
of resistance will interfere with the perfect working of the means for preventing back
lash used at the other extremity of the channel and line. By the use of a cord or
string attached to a slug or preceder the desired adjustment can be accomplished by
simple and inexpensive means, since by increasing or diminishing the number of knots
or protuberances thereon the tightness or lateral pressure exerted against the side
walls of the channel can be correspondingly increased or diminished.
At the same time such use of the cord enables the free ends of the cord to be
utilized as a means of extracting the slug or preceder, or of varying its position within
the type containing channel, although it is obvious that I do not limit myself, to such
use of the free ends of the cord for this purpose; the novelty in this connection
consisting in providing the slug or preceder with a flexible handle or other flexible
means for grasping it and regulating its position within the channel. The flexibility
of the means employed for handling or moving the slug or preceder permits of the
use of the containing channel in both the setter case and the distributing apparatus,
without obstruction or interference.
The type containing channels, being usually formed from sheet metal stamped up
into the desired shape, are apt to have their side walls slightly flared apart at their
upper edges. The mode of manufacture, also, is sometimes the cause of a slight
"buckling" or unevenness in portions of the side walls so that the latter are not
always perfectly parallel. The side walls are also liable to become slightly bent in
use; and even when such buckle, bend or irregularity is almost imperceptible it still
has a tendency to interfere with the perfect operation of the preceder or slug, the
resistance afforded being in such case variable throughout the type passage. To
overcome this difficulty when presented, I use a slug or preceder provided with an
elastic or semi-elastic frictional protuberance at each end (and preferably upon opposite
sides) so as to insure contact, with at least one end of the slug, with some portion of the
side wall under all circumstances even though a lateral deviation at any given point in
the channel may be sufficient in extent to avoid all pressure upon the protuberance
coinciding temporarily therewith.
1 also form a series of vertical holes at or near each end of the slug or follower for
the purpose of varying the degree of penetration, into the channel, of the string or
other clastic or semi-elastic cord or frictional material, thereby enabling me to
compensate for any spreading or want of parallelism between the side walls, which are
invariably narrowest and most perfect at, or near the bottom or spine.
21
Figure 41 is an elevation of a type containing channel provided with the new form
of slug with longitudinal cord, the central portion of the channel being broken away.
Figure 42 is a transverse section of a type containing channel showing an end view of
slug or preceder and, the bearing of a knot or protuberance against the side wall of
the channel. Figure 43 is a transverse section of the slug or preceder on line a---,
Figure 46. Figure 44 is an end "elevation of a slug or preceder in which the cord is
double knotted to increase the lateral pressure against the side wall of the channel.
Figures 45 and 46 are side elevations of opposite sides of the slug, or preceder,
without the cord, or tightener. Figures 47 and 48 similar views, with the cord
applied. Figure 49 a side elevation showing the application of a cord or tightener at
each end of the slug or preceder. Figure 50 a similar view showing the cords pro-
jecting down vertically to near the bottom of the slug or preceder. Figure 51 a top
view of Figure 50. Figures 52 and 53 side and top views of the slug or preceeder,
without the cords, formed with vertical end grooves and series of vertical perforations
coinciding therewith. Figure 54 is a top view of a portion of a type containing

page_text: channel in one side wall of which a lateral bend or imperfection exists illustrating the
utility of the separate end cords or protuberances.
The type containing channels A, are preferably formed from sheet metal struck into
shape in the usual way. They are usually formed with a high wall a and a low wall a¹,.
for the reasons already set forth.
When used in connection with a channel having such high and low wall, the cord C
may be applied, to the slug or preceder B, horizontally as shown in Figures 41 to 48.
In such the groove b, and the perforations, are formed in the slug or preceder at a
point which will be above the top of the lower side wall a', when the slug or preceder
is in position within the channel. The groove b, is deep enough to receive and shield
the cord from contact with the side walls of the channel upon that side. The cord C
projects beyond the body of the slug or preceder upon the other side, where it is
secured by the formation of one or more knots c, which create a thickness or pro-
tuberance at that point constituting a semi-elastic cushion which presses against the
high side wall a of the type channel when the slug or preceder is inserted in the
position shown in Figure 42, and upon the left hand side of Figure 41.
Thus constructed and used in conjunction with the high and low walled channel A,
the slug or preceder B may be used either as a loose slug, by reversing it in position
within the type channel as shown upon the right hand side of Figure 42, or as a
friction slug or type preceder, as before set forth.
In other cases the frictional material or cord C, may be arranged vertically, or
diagonally, or in any preferred way. One, two or more of these cords C, may be used
upon the body of the slug or type preceder. It is preferred to arrange one at or near
each extremity as illustrated in Figures 49, 50, 51 and 54, for the purpose of affording
more than one bearing against the side walls of the channel. By this means should
one of the cords chance to be opposite a "buckle" or depression in the opposed side
wall, the slug or preceder will still be held snug and close between the side walls at its
other extremity.
When thus arranged at either end of the slug or preceder the cord may be made to
project from the vertical grooves b. within which one side of the cord rests and to
arrange the said grooves b, upon opposite sides of the body of the slug or preceder B,
so that the bearings e will bear upon opposite side walls of the channel.
A series of perforations 3, coincide with grooves b, and permit of the application or
adjustment of the cords C, of different length, as illustrated in Figures 49 and 50.
This is to adapt the slug or preceder more perfectly to the side walls of the channels
which are always truc and of standard width near the bottom or spine, but the upper
side walls of which frequently diverge more or less. By using longer cords in the
channels the side walls of which diverge materially, the cords may be made to project
downward sufficiently to insure a close fit between the parts. By arranging the knots
or protuberances c, in such case near the upper edge of the slug or preceder this result
is still further insured, as the knots or protuberances may be increased until the
requisite degree of tightness is obtained.
The free end c, e of the cord, hesides permitting of the formation of new knots for
the purpose of increasing the pressure to be exerted against the side walls of the
channel, may also be utilized as means for grasping and removing, or changing the
position of the slug or preceder. Any other suitable form of flexible handle may be
substituted for the ends of the string if preferred, the essential feature of construction
in this respect being an elastic means for handling the slug or preceder which will
yield and adapt itself to circumstances without interfering with or obstructing any of
the legitimate uses of the channel.
Another improvement has reference to a special construction for facilitating the
application or removal and substitution of the lengths or sections of cord or string to
the channel and consists in forming the extreme end of the channel with a slit in
lieu of the perforation in the spine of the channel, in which the knotted end of the
cord may be more readily secured, and in forming the side wall of the channel with a
longitudinal slot coinciding in position with the bearing surface of the cord when the
latter is in position upon the opposite side wall. This elongated slot provides for the

page_text: convenient and rapid insertion or removal of the free end of the cord through the per-
forations in the opposite side wall, the narrowest of the type channels heretofore
rendering the operation tedious and difficult since the position of the cord within the
channel is preferably about one half of type high, or near the middle height of the
high wall of the clannel, corresponding to the plane of action of the type forwarding
device when the channel is in position in the distributor.
The invention includes a type preceder or slug, the perimeter of which is provided
with a surface or band of comparatively soft, elastic or semi-elastic material for
increasing frictional contact with the bottom or spine of the channel. By this
construction I am enabled to attain the requisite degree of friction or resistance, and
still use a close fitting preceder or slug of a thickness equal (nearly) to the width of
the type channel.
I also utilize the weight of the slug in pressing the frictional material against the
bottom or spine and thereby increase its effectiveness to that extent.
The invention also includes the formation of the side wall of the channel with a
shallow groove or depression for the reception of the cord,. the sides of which groove
support the cord laterally while permitting it to project into the channel sufficiently
to control the passage of the types.
Figure 55 is a side elevation of the receiving end of the improved type containing
channel with the cord in place, and illustrating these improvements. Figure 56 a
plan of the same. Figure 57 a side elevation of the same end of the channel, without
the cord. Figure 58 a longitudinal section upon plane of line ----, Figure 56,
without the cord. Figure 59 a like view with the cord in position. Figure 60
a horizontal section of the end of the channel upon plane of line ----W,
Figure 59, illustrating the utility of the longitudinal slot in applying the cord.
Figure 61 a side elevation of the receiving end of the channel, containing a short
line of types and my improved type preceder. Figure 62 a plan of the parts shown
in Figure 61. Figure 63 a side elevation of my improved slug or type preceder.
Figure 64 an edge view of the latter. Figure 65 a section of the slug or preceder
upon plane of line ----, Figure 63. Figure 66 a section of the same upon
plane of line y- --y Figure 64. Figure 67 is a transverse section of the channel
upon plane of line ----, Figure 58.
----
The containing channel A, is preferably made of sheet metal stamped up into the
required form by suitable dies, &c. as heretofore.
At the type receiving end the extremity of one wall is formed with the slit b.
This slit is formed in the edge of the side wall of the channel A, to which the cord C
is applied, preferably the high wall a, although, if desired, the cord C may be applied
to the low wall a', of the channel.
The position of the slit b, is regulated so that the knot e, of the cord C, when the
latter is in position will be either above or below the area traversed by the "pusher"
when the channel is connected with the distributor. The parts are usually arranged
in such manner that the pusher fingers enter the receiving ends of the channels about
midway of the height of the high wall a, or one half of "type high" so as to act upon
the middle of the types at, or approximately, a right angle to their length.
For this reason I have shown in the drawings the slit b, formed in the end of the
side wall a, above the field of action of the pusher, although it may be otherwise
situated thereon, or may, if preferred, be formed directly in the end of the bottom or
spine a², in lieu of the perforation heretofore used at that point.
At or near the middle wall a, the two perforations, are formed, equidistant
from the floor or spine a², so that the section c¹, of the cord C, which projects into the
channel between them, will extend longitudinally in the channel. The distance
between the inner end of the slit 7, and the first perforation b', is regulated so as to
leave sufficient space between the interior projections of the cord Cat these points to
constitute a free and unobstructed type receiving spaces, into which the types drop from
the lower ends of the conduits in the distributor. In the opposite side wall a², coinciding
horizontally with and parallel to the position of the section c¹, of the cord Ć, when in
place, is formed the longitudinal slot d, preferably slightly larger in width than the

page_text: diameter of the perforations 61, 62, in the high wall a. In applying the cord C, the
knotted end c is slipped into the slit b, so that the knot projects into the channel, and
the free end first passed through the perforation b¹, and through the longitudinal
slot d, in the opposite wall and then returned through the said longitudinal slot d,
and passed through the final perforation 6. This operation will be understood by
reference to Figure 60, in which the free end (c) of the cord is represented as having
just been passed through the second perforation 2, the middle section c, of the
cord being accommodated by the longitudinal slot d. The use of the slit b, and the
longitudinal slot d, in conjunction with the perforations b', b², simplifies and facilitates
the operation of applying removing or substituting the cords, since, owing to the
narrowness of the channels, the insertion of the free end into the final perforation 6³
was a tedious and difficult undertaking, requiring skill upon the part of the workman,
whereas by the present construction the cords may be applied by distributor boys or
others of slight experience.
The type preceder, or slug P, is formed of a thickness equal nearly to the full
width of the type passage, and one or more of its edges are provided with an elastic
or semi-elastic bearing surface of rubber, or other suitable material, for the purpose
of increasing frictional contact with the bottom, or spine ², of the containing channel.
The frictial material p, preferably applied in the formn of a band, and the
perimeter of the slug is preferably grooved to receive and retain the material against
lateral displacement. The grooves p³, p¹ are made shallow upon the edges from
which it is desired that the frictional material shall protrude, while the grooves p³, p²
in the other edges are made sufficiently deep to receive and isolate the portion of the
band engaging therewith. This construction is illustrated in Figures 63, 64, 65
and 66, and is for the purpose of producing a reversible slug, the two ends (p³, p²)
of which present metallic surfaces to the types, while the other edges present contact
surfaces which tend to retard the movement of the slug within the 'channel.
In order to support the inner sections c¹, of the cord laterally I form a shallow
groove between the perforations 1, 62 when desirable. Cord of sufficient thickness
to project a suitable distance beyond the inner plane of the wall is used as shown in
Figure 67.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me, I declare
that what I claim is :-
'-
1. A type containing channel substantially such as designated provided with a
transverse partition or partitions which divide it into two or more compartments
substantially in the manner and for the purpose described.
2. The combination with a type containing channel substantially such as described
of one or more movable division pieces formed with projections adapted to engage
with corresponding recesses formed in the said channel substantially in the manner
and for the purpose described.
3. A type containing channel formed with a spine or bottom which is curved inward
substantially in the manner and for the purpose described.
4. A type containing channel substantially such as designated, provided with an
interior type bearing and sustaining surface formed of a continuous strip of soft, semi-
elastic material of the character designated, for the purpose and substantially in the
manner described.
5. A type containing channel substantially such as designated provided with a type
receiving surface formed of a soft or semi-elastic material, substantially in the manner
and for the purpose described.
6. A type containing channel substantially such as described, both walls of which
are provided with a semi-elastic type holding and sustaining material, substantially in
the manner and for the purpose described.
7. In a type containing channel substantially such as designated, a typo holding

page_text: and retarding device, consisting of a string or cord secured at one end to the side wall
of the channel, while the other rests freely therein for the purpose and substantially in
the manner shown and described.
8. In combination with a type containing channel, substantially as described,
provided with one or more type retaining cords, arranged substantially as described, a
type preceder or slug formed with one or more grooves for the reception and
guidance of the said cord or cords substantially in the manner and for the purpose
described.
9. In combination with a type containing channel, substantially such as herein
designated, a slug formed with one or more grooves for the reception of a band of
rubber, cord or other elastic or semi-elastic material substantially in the manner and
for the purpose described.
10. In combination with a type containing channel substantially as herein desig-
nated; provided with side walls of different height, a reversible friction slug provided
with a band or section of elastic or semi-clastic material which projects beyond its
surface only upon one side, for the purpose and substantially in the manner
described.
11. A type containing channel substantially such as herein described, formed at
one extremity with one or more inwardly projecting beads or longitudinal ribs which
are corrugated or otherwise roughened transversely for the purpose and substantially
in the manner described.
12.. A type containing channel having a type passage of maximum width sub-
stantially as described, formed at its receiving end with a comparatively narrow
internally projecting rigid longitudinal rib or bead parallel to the floor of the channel
at a distance above the said floor equal to or approximating one half type high
substantially in the manner and for the purpose described.
13. A type containing channel substantially such as designated, formed at its
receiving end with a rigid longitudinal internal rib projecting inward upon one side
wall and a depression and shoulder upon an adjoining portion of the opposite side
wall, substantially in the manner and for the purpose described.
14. A type containing channel substantially such as described formed at its inner
or receiving end with an enlarged extremity the side walls of which are parallel for
the purpose and substantially in the manner described.
15. A type containing channel substantially such as described of maximum width
externally, formed with a contracted internal type passage practically extending
continuously the whole of its length substantially in the manner and for the purpose
described.
16. A type containing channel substantially such as designated, formed with side
walls of different height for the greater portion of their length, the upper end of the
higher wall being cut away so as to gradually decrease in height until it coincides
with the height of the lower wall at the receiving end, substantially in the manner
and for the purpose described..
17. A type containing channel substantially such as designated, formed at its
receiving end with an abrupt shoulder, and a depression or recess in the upper edge of
one side wall, and provided with an inwardly projecting rib or section of elastic or
semi-elastic material upon the other side wall, for the purpose and substantially in the
manner described.
18. In a type containing channel substantially such as described a friction slug
formed with recesses substantially such as shewn which receive and protect the ends
of the frictional cord or band with which the slug. is provided for the purpose and
substantially in the manner described.
19. In combination with a type containing channel substantially such as designated
the reversible type preceder, or slug B, shown in Figures 42 to 54, formed with the

page_text: groove b, and perforations 6', and provided with the cord arranged and operating
substantially in the manner and for the purpose described.
20. In combination with a tpye containing channel substantially such as designated,
a type preceder or slug provided with a projecting handle of flexible materiaĺ
substantially in the manner and for the purpose described..
21. In combination with a type containing channel substantially such as designated,
a type preceder or slug provided with a knotted cord, the knots in which protrude
upon one side of the slug so as to bear against the side wall of the channel, the said
cord being applied in such manner that the bearing or pressure exerted against the
side walls of the channel may be increased by the formation of additional knots upon
the said cord substantially in the manner and for the purpose described.
22. In combination with a type containing channel substantially such as described,
a type preceder or slug provided with two frictional cords, one at each extremity, for
the purpose and substantially in the manner described.
23. In combination with a type containing channel substantially such as described,
a type preceder or slug formed with the vertical grooves b, and series of coinciding
perforations, and provided-with the cords C, substantially in the manner, shown in
Figures 42 to 54, and for the purpose described.
24. A type containing channel, substantially such as shown in Figures 55 to 66,
formed with the slit, in combination with the perforations 61, 62, arranged
substantially in the manner and for the purpose described.
25. A type containing channel, substantially such as shown in Figures 55 to 66,
formed with perforations for the cord C, in one side wall and with the coinciding
longitudinal slot d, in the opposite side wall, for the purpose and substantially in the
manner described.
26. In combination with a type containing channel, substantially such as described,
a type preceder or slug formed with a soft or semi-elastic frictional surface upou
its edge or perimeter in such manner as to increase its frictional contact with the
bottom or spine of said channel, substantially in the manner and for the purposo
described.
27. A type containing channel, substantially such as shown in Figures 55 to 66,
formed with the longitudinal groove c³, for the reception of the interior section c¹, of
the cord C, substantially in the manner and for the purpose described.