IMPROVEMENTS IN TOOLS AND TOOL HOLDERS FOR PLANING AND SIMILAR MACHINES
Year: 1885

page_text: Similar machines.
I HENRY EDWARD NEWTON of the Office for Patents, 6 Bream's Buildings
Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer do hereby declare the
nature of the invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN TOOLS AND TOOL HOLDERS FOR
PLANING AND SIMILAR MACHINES, to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to utilise the forward and backward movements.
of the tool in metal planing and similar machines whereby these machines may be
made to produce a greater amount of work than heretofore, and the invention
consists in a novel form of tool and tool holder whereby this object may be
effected.
In carrying out this invention the tool which will be a trailing tool will be
formed with two cutting edges which will act in opposite directions, and the
holder is arranged to swing on trunnions whereby the proper inclination may be
given to the tool.
Instead of a single tool with two cutting edges two ordinary tools placed back
to back may be employed.
The tool holder consists of a rectangular casting provided with trunnions which
rest in bearings formed in two side pieces or brackets forming part of a slide or
carrier which is secured to the machine in any convenient manner so as to be
capable of vertical motion when required.
Inside this casting is fitted a cylinder which is held therein by a thumb screw
which works in an annular groove made round the cylinder, and by means of two
rings one above and one below the casting, the two rings being secured to the
cylinder by screws. These screws also serve to secure the tool or tools in the
cylinder.
The cylinder at one part of its length is formed with helicoidal teeth into which
gear a worn wheel which is mounted on an axle provided with a thumb screw and

page_text: carried by lugs projecting from the casting and serving to bring the tool true to
the face of the work.
The amount of inclination to be given to the tool is regulated by means of two
screws placed preferably one in front and one in rear of the casting, that in front
being carried by a cross piece which is hinged to the brackets of the slide, and that
in rear by the slide or carrier.
Rocking motion is communicated to the casting by means of a lever or arm
which is mounted on one of the trunnions, its free end being connected by a
rod to a lever or arm keyed on a shaft which rises and falls with the slide or
carrier.
This shaft receives an oscillating motion by a lever connected with the machine
and which also actuates a pawl and ratchet motion to produce the vertical
movement of the slide or carrier at the end of each passage of the tool. This
Oscillating movement of the shaft is communicated to the arm or lever mounted
on the trunnion of the casting, and thus the rocking motion of the casting to
change the inclination of the tool at the end of each passage of the same is
produced.

page_text: Improvements in Tools and Tool Holders for Planing and
similar Machines.
I HENRY EDWARD NEWTON of the Office for Patents, 6 Bream's Buildings
Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of this invention is to utilise the forward and backward movements
of the tool in metal planing and similar machines whereby these machines may be.
made to produce a greater amount of work than heretofore and the invention
consists in a novel form of tool and tool holder whereby this object may be
effected.
In the accompanying drawing Figure 1 is a front view of the improved tool
holder; Figure 2 being a side elevation of the same; Figure 3 is a longitudinal
vertical section taken in the line 1-2 of Figure 1; Figure 4 is a transverse section
taken in the line 3-4 of Figure 1 and Figure 5 is a similar section taken in the
line 5-6 of Figure 1.
In these figures the tool holder is represented as composed of two principal parts,
that is to say-a rectangular box A fitted with trunnions a, a, on which it
oscillates and a cylindrical tube B capable of receiving rotary motion in the box A.
This tube is formed with a square hole throughout its length for the reception of
the double edged tool O. The tube B is secured in the box A by means of a set
screw the point of which enters an annular groove formed in the tube to receive
it. Collars b, b', are secured at each end of the tube B by means of set screws viv
which also serve to hold the tool O in the required position.
The trunnions a, a¹, of the box A are carried in bearings formed to receive them
in the lateral walls F F¹ of the tool holder carriage which is provided, as usual,
with V-slides Q and a screw socket and a screw R for adjusting the height of
the tool holder. The trunnions a, a', are formed with hexagonal extremities for
the reception of a lever L for a purpose which will be presently described.
V is an endless screw or worm carried by a short shaft m mounted in lugs e cast
on the box A This box A is slotted so as to admit of the worm V engaging with
teeth C cut in the periphery of the tube B.
In order to facilitate the mounting of the box A in position and its removal
therefrom a bridle D is hinged to the lateral wall F¹ (see Figure 5) This bridle
can be turned hack, as indicated by the dotted lines in Figure 5 on removing the
pin d. A screw V₁ is tapped through the centre of the bridle and another
screw V2 is tapped into the plate of the carriage behind the box A to correspond
therewith.
The tool is provided with two cutting edges o and o¹ and may be formed of a
single bar of steel shaped as shown in the drawing in Figs. 2 and 3 or it may
consist of two tools placed back to back or in special tubes enclosed in the same box.

page_text: The cutting edges also may consist of blades of steel mounted in any convenient
manner on metal bar formning a blade carrier.
The details of construction of the improved tool holder being now described, it
only remains to explain the use of the various arrangements.
In order to obtain satisfactory work by the aid of a double edged tool operating
in opposite directions, it is indispensable that the opposed edges o and of should
always be in perfect symmetry with the work in hand.
Now this symmetry, perfect in a new tool, tends to disappear by the wear, or by
the grinding more or less regular of the two cutting edges. It is therefore
necessary to compensate for the destruction of the symmetry of the cutting edges
by a symmetry of action and to fix in a manner absolutely mathematical the tipping
of the tool holder so that the operating edge (o or o¹ according to the direction in
which the work is travelling) will always attack the metal at the same angle and
take off equal shavings in either direction.
This result is attained by means of the regulating screws v³ and v² against which
the tool holder, rocking upon the trunnions a and a¹ rests alternately according to
the direction of travel of the work. Thus when the work travels in the direction
of the arrow the tool holder will take the position shewn in full lines in Figure 3
but when the travel of the work is in the direction of the arrow y the tool holder
will take the position indicated in dotted lines.
The position of these two screws which constitute an indispensable element of
the invention may if thought desirablo be varied Thus for example they may
both be place above the trunnions a a¹.
The direction of inclination which should be assumed by the tool holder, and
consequently by the cutting tool, is determined by the resistance offered to the
cutting edge at the moment of change of direction, or what is better, in order
to avoid altering the cut of the tool, by a mechanical arrangement to be hereafter
described.
The angle of inclination is given by means of the screws 1 v2 which may be
operated without stopping the traverse of the tool.
The arrangement for mechanically changing the direction of inclination of the
tool holder, according to the direction of travel, consists in fixing upon the carriage
of the tool holder slide a rock shaft H grooved throughout its entire length and
fitted with a lever L'. This lever is provided with a feather which takes into the
groove in the rock shaft and is capable of sliding along the shaft with the carriage,
to which it is connected by the movable guide g.
The lever L' is connected to the lever L keyed upon one of the trunnions a or a¹
of the tool holder by a rod upon which is threaded a spiral spring G.
The shaft H receives an alternate rocking motion by means of a lever (not
shewn in the drawing). This lever serves to actuate the pawl which operates the
screw for shifting the tool holder carriage after each traverse of the tool. The
rocking movement of the shaft H is transmitted to the lever L which tilts the tool
holder to the right or to the left (as represented at Figure 3) at each traverse of
the tool.
It is equally important that the edges of the cutting tool should be presented
square with the shaving it ought to take off the work. This result is obtained by
giving a rotary motion to the endless screw V by means of the milled head m and
thereby working the worm C and turning the cylinder B into the required
position.
The advantages to be obtained by the use of this apparatus are (1st) Double
production in the same time and with the same material in the sense that the tool
works both ways (2nd) Easy manufacture of the cutting tool which is of simple
construction (3rd) Longer duration of the sharp edge of the tool which is not used
up by grinding on the metal during the return stroke. (4th) The faculty of adapting
itself to any kind of work plane or curved or any other shape by reason of the
mobility of the tool in all directions (5th) Rapid adjustment of the tool during

page_text: working as well as when at rest. (6th) The faculty of working to the right or the
left with the same tool from which results a great economy in the tools.
It will be evident that the tool holder above described may be applied to all
machine tools and that its forms, dimensions and arrangement of details are capable
of variation according to the application for which it is required.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed as communicated to
me by my Foreign Correspondent I declare that what I claim is
1. The tool holder substantially as herein described and shown with reference to
the drawings.
2. The double cutting tool formed substantially as berein described and shown
and its combination with the tool holder.
3. The means substantially as shown and described for obtaining the symmetry
of action of the two cutting edges.
4. The arrangement of the box A and tube B which by means of the worm V
permits of the proper adjustment of the tool.
5. The means substantially as described for mechanically changing the inclination
of the tool after each passage of the same.
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