Improvements in Assisting Combustion, Preventing Smoke, and Economizing Fuel, and in the Means Employed therefor.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 15th July, 1896
Complete Specification Left, 15th Apr., 1897-Accepted, 26th June, 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Assisting Combustion, Preventing Smoke, and
Economizing Fuel, and in the Means Employed therefor.
We, WILLIAM WADDELL of Russell Street, and DAVID WADDELL, of 51 Shand
Street both of Wishaw in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Sheet Metal Workers,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in assisting combustion; preventing smoke
and economizing fuel and in the means employed therefor.
This invention consists in applying an air jet or spray above the products of
combustion. It may consist of a pipe passed through or around the fuel whether it
be coal or oil or other fuel with a rose or perforated outlet portion at the inner end of
the pipe. The arrangement is such that as the air is forced or drawn into the pipe by
any convenient means it escapes in the form of a spray, amongst the products of
combustion from the fuel, assists in forming combustible gas and causes intense
heat by which the products of combustion from the fuel are entirely consumed.
smoke is thus prevented and fuel economized. At the same time the smoke tubes or
passages for the products of combustion are not clogged as in existing furnaces.
All
In accordance with our invention little or no air need be drawn by the furnace from
below the furnace bars or bottom of the furnace whereby the furnace is cooled thus
losing heat; in accordance with our invention the air for combustion is supplied
directly to the top of the furnace thus avoiding this loss of heat.
Our invention may be employed for the purpose of assisting combustion of all
kinds for example it may be applied to assist illumination in Lucigen lamps or
burners, where great and economical illuminating power is required. In this case
the air is forced in a spray above the oil so that the products of combustion from the
burning of the oil are intimately mingled with the air spray and complete combustion
is thus effected, with no smoke.
tul CT... 100
JOHNSONS,
115 St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Applicants' Agents.
Improvements in Assisting Combustion, Preventing Smoke, and
Economizing Fuel, and in the Means Employed therefor.
We, WILLIAM WADDELL of Russell Street, and DAVID WADDELL of 51 Shand
Street, both of Wishaw, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Sheet Metal Workers,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in assisting.combustion, preventing smoke
and economizing fuel, and in the means employed therefor."

page_text: This invention consists in applying an air jet or spray above the unconsumed
products of combustion whereby heated air can be thoroughly mixed therewith prior
to being converted into confirmed smoke. The air jet or spray may consist of a pipe
passed through or around the fuel, whether it be coal or oil or other fuel, having a
rose or perforated outlet portion at the inner end of the pipe. The arrangement is
such that as the air is forced or drawn into the pipe by any convenient means it
escapes in the form of a spray, amongst the unconsunied products from the fuel, assists
in forming combustible gas and causes intense heat by which the unconsumed products
from the fuel are entirely consumed. Smoke is thus prevented and fuel economized.
At the same time the smoke tubes or passages for the products of combustion are not
clogged as in existing furnaces. •
But in order that our said invention may be more readily understood we will
proceed to describe the same with reference to the accompanying drawings,
Figures 1, 2 and 3 of which are sectional elevation, sectional plan and end view
respectively of a steam boiler, showing our improvements applied thereto.
As shewn in the drawings we employ a tubular barred grate A through which
the water in the boiler is free to circulate, so arranged that the unconsumed products
are drawn down between the tubes of the grate. Situated beneath and extending the
full length of the fire grate are a number of air tubes the inner ends c of which
are curved upwards. As these tubes are heated by the unconsumed products passing
around them the air within them, which is drawn from the front of the furnace, also
becomes heated so that constant jets or sprays of hot air are thoroughly mixed with
the unconsumed products prior to their passing over the bridge B thus assisting the
forming of combustible gas whereby the products are entirely consumed.
Or as shewn in Figures 4 and 5 which illustrate a sectional elevation and plan of a
vertical boiler we may employ a number of air pipes C arranged circularly around
the fire grate A into which air is introduced by the short tubes or nozzles C the air
in this case after being heated passing into the pipe D having a rose or jet D¹
formed thereon and situated at the centre of the fire grate and thus mixed with the
unconsumed products. Or the heated air may be sprayed by means of openings e
formed in the bricks E arranged radially above the fire grate. A plate & Figs. 4 & 6
may also be provided to contract the opening above the fire grate and thus ensure the
thorough mixing of the air with the unconsumed products.
In applying our improvements to a household range we proceed as shewn in front
elevation and section Figures 7 and 8 of the drawings, that is to say we form the fire
bars F of the grate hollow and cause the unconsumed products to pass down between
the bars and thence up behind the back of the grate to the top of the range; the
beated air passing through the fire bars being sprayed amongst the unconsumed
products through openings formed in the back of the grate.
It will thus be seen that little or no air need be drawn by the furnace from below
the furnace bars or bottom of the furnace whereby the furnace is cooled thus losing
heat, as in accordance with our invention the air for combustion is supplied directly
to the top of the furnace thus avoiding this loss of heat.
Our invention may be employed for the purpose of assisting combustion of all kinds,
for example it may be applied to assist illumination in Lucigen lamps or burners
where great and economical illuminating power is required, in which case we may,
as shewn in Figure 9 of the drawings, employ a coiled tube G situated within a
casing g and supplied with air by the passage H; the air after having become heated
being sprayed through the rose h situated above the oil nozzle h'. If desired openings g
may also be. provided in the coil pipe G and casing 9 at suitable intervals for
spraying the air and further ensuring the complete combustion of the unconsumed
products.
Figure 10 illustrates a modification of the form shewn in Fig. 9 the air inlet in
this case being situated lower down while the heated air is sprayed directly above
the oil nozzle through a perforated ring J. Openings g' may also be employed in
this form for spraying the heated air.
Or as shewn in Figure 11 we may employ an upright tube K having a rose k formed

page_text: thereon for spraying the air, heated or otherwise, and we may provide the inside of
the lamp with a casing k provided with longitu linal openings arranged radially,
Fig. 12, around it for the same purpose; the air inlets being situated at L. The oil
supply in this form is at M and is regulated by the float valve N.
Also if desired we may apply the arrangement shewn in the vertical boiler,
Figs. 4 and 5, to the horizontal boiler Figs. 1, 2, and 3, that is to say we may
situate one or more of the conical shaped brick portions at any convenient position
above the grate, the number employed varying with the size of the boiler; the heat
from the said bricks or plates as well as from the tubes assisting in consuming the
smoke.
We may also provide means whereby the air supply can be automatically
regulated.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. The improved means for assisting combustion; preventing smoke and economizing
fuel in furnaces and other places, substantially as herein before described and shewn in
the accompanying drawings.
2. The employment of cold or heated air in the form of a jet or spray adapted to
mix or mingle with the unconsumed products of combustion immediately as they issue
from the furnace or other place thereby assisting in forming combustible gas and
causing intense heat by which all the unconsumed products are entirely consumed,
substantially as herein before described.
3. In means for assisting combustion, preventing smoke and economizing fuel, the
employment of a straight or coiled air pipe or pipes passing through or around the
fuel having a jet or jets formed at the end or ends thereof and so situated that the
air can be sprayed amongst the unconsumed products from the fuel whereby they
become intimately mingled together, substantially as hereinbefore described and shewn
in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 14th day of April 1897
JOHNSONS,
115, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Applicants' Agents.