matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR THE PROTECTION OF PICTURES, BOOKS, AND OTHER OBJECTS FROM DUST, ATMOSPHERICAL, AND OTHER INJURIOUS INFLUENCES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick William Burton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th May 1879.
FREDERICK WILLIAM BURTON, of Clifden Road, Clapton Park, Clapton, in the
County of Middlesex, Blind Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR
APPARATUS FOR THE PROTECTION OF PICTURES, BOOKS, AND OTHER OBJECTS FROM
DUST, ATMOSPHERICAL, AND OTHER INJURIOUS INFLUENCES."
"
Pictures, the binding of books, and many other objects are subject to injury from
want of proper covering to protect them from dust during sweeping of the rooms
in which they are placed as well as from exposure to atmospherical and other
influences.
The object of my Invention is to remedy such evils.
For this purpose I employ a roller blind as a covering to the picture or other
objects to be protected.
This blind may be formed of simple fabric only sufficient to keep out dust, or it
may be formed of water or damp or fireproof material, such as will serve to protect
the picture or other objects when covered thereby from dust, atmospherical influences,
or from the direct action of the flame of fire.
The frame of the roller is applied so as to prevent passage in that direction to
the object covered, and when drawn over such object the edges of such blind are
held between moveable and fixed surfaces, which when closed one upon the other
and the edges of the blind, serve also to bear the bottom lath of the blind against
the wall or other surface, so as to preclude access to the interior of the blind in
that direction.
By these means the top, sides, and bottom of the blind are securely held from
the passage of dust and other injurious influences.
The moveable surfaces are applied by hinges or otherwise, aided by spring
pressure and suitable fastenings.
IN GAS STOVES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ambrose Hudd Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th December 1879.
AMBROSE HUDD SMITH, of Clifton, in the County of Gloucester.
IN GAS STOVES.”
"IMPROVEMENTS
Such improvements relate more particularly to gas stoves wherein atmospheric
burners are employed, and have for their object, 1stly, to prevent the burner
igniting at the bottom, thus greatly increasing the heat and diminishing the
noxious fumes evolved thereby; 2ndly, to neutralise such fumes, and 3rdly, to
greatly economising the consumption of gas.
In order to prevent the burner igniting at the bottom I form the air ball in two
halves, the inner half having a stop formed thereon, while the outer half fits over
such stop like a cap. A suitable bevel wheel is cast on this cap while a similar
wheel is cast on the plug of the cock, so that on turning the tap such wheels gear
into each other and cause the cap to revolve and to partially or entirely close the
holes in the air ball, thus reducing the current of air in an equivalent ratio with
the diminished supply of gas By this means I prevent the burner igniting at the
bottom, and so producing light without heat accompanied with an unpleasant and
unwholsome smell. It also obviates the burner being extinguished by the air
current when the flame is reduced as now frequently occurs.
To neutralise the noxious fumes evolved by the gas I employ a bottle-shaped
chimney in combination with an oval conical ring burner provided at the top with a
concave dome which concentrates the air upon the gas and produces perfect
combustion To further assist in so doing the bottle shaped chimney is provided
on either side at the bottom with openings, through which, immediately the gas is
ignited, a strong current of air is diawn.
In order to counteract and absorb the carbonic acid thrown off by the gas, I
provide a suitable receptacle or reservoir for water which is placed beneath the
burner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO FACILITATE THE PRACTICE OF PEDAL MUSIO
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sidney Roberts Stevenson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th June 1879.
SIDNEY ROBERTS STEVENSON, of the Town and County of the Town of Nottingham.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO FACILITATE THE PRACTICE OF PEDAL MUSIO."
I employ several modifications of apparatus, each consisting of a musical
instrument having the appearance of a set of detached organ pedals, the means of
producing musical sounds being contained within the instrument; I employ either
the piano or harp wire or wires, or gut, vibrating teeth or springs, bells or gongs, as
occasion may require. The sound producing agents I place under the pedals, and
where necessary on a sound board. The pedals when pressed by the foot strike the
sound producing instrument, and on rising again by a spring, as in the case of
organ-pedals, a suitable escapement movement is brought into action in order to
miss striking the sound producer. I also employ suitable means for damping the
sound when the foot has left the pedal after being pressed. By an arrangement of
pedals for the feet operating in combination with reeds, whistles, or other means
employed for producing sound by wind, the action of pressing the pedal down not
only opens a valve to admit air to the reed or other instrument, but at the same
time pumps air into a reservoir, similar in construction to that of an ordinary
harmonium, in addition to which I employ two extra feeds, one on each side for
the purpose of supplying air to the reservoir in case of quick exhaustion; or I may
employ an extra knee press arrangement of apparatus to supply air in case of
exhaustion. Instruments so constructed may be used either for separate pedal
practice, or to accompany the piano or harmonium, or for the better practice on
those instruments of organ music written with pedal music.
..
S
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE RAKES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Kell and Albert Meats at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th May 1879.
SAMUEL KELL and ALBERT MEATS, both of the City of Gloucester, Engineers,
Ironfounders, and Agricultural Implement Makers.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE
RAKES."
This Invention relates to the construction and application to horse rakes of an
improved automatic locking arrangement for preventing the teeth or tines from
rising when they are at work, and also to prevent their falling when raised off the
ground out of their working position.
In carrying out our improvements we employ a quadrant or bell crank lever,
working on a suitable fulcrum as usual. The top (or joint) ends of the teeth or
tines are fixed to a rod passing through one arm of the bell crank lever or quadrant,
the other arm of the quadrant being provided with a hardened steel pin, working
in a bayonet slot in the end of the lever operating the quadrant to raise and lower
the teeth. A spiral spring hooked to the back of the lever keeps the same firm.
When the tines or teeth are in their working position, the hereinbefore described
hardened steel pin will be at the end of the transverse portion of the bayonet slot
in the lever, and the spiral spring acting on the lever will keep it or lock it in that
position and prevent the quadrant moving and consequently the teeth from rising.
If the lever he moved back the said pin moving in the bayonet glot will allow the
quadrant to be partly rotated, and the teeth will be raised; and the pin passing again
into the end of the transverse portion of the slot will be locked or held firm by the
action of the herein before described spring, and the teeth will be prevented from
falling until the lever be again moved. The quadrant is provided with several holes
to allow of regulating the pitch of the teeth.
ROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Lowe, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Paper
Machineman, for the Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF APPARATUS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER,"
T
1000
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Lowe at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd October 1879.
JAMES LOWE, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Paper Machineman.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF PAPER."
This Invention relates to the construction of the apparatus used in paper making
machines to convey the pulp from the "couch" rollers to the drying cylinder, the
object of the Invention being to support the pulp from the endless wire while
passing over the lower couch roller up to its coming in contact with the lower or
wet felt, so as to reduce the risk of breakage at this point, more especially when
making tissue or other thin papers; also to enable the pulp to pass through the
first press rollers without attaching itself to the first upper press roller, and thereby
reduce the risk of breakage at that point also.
For this purpose I employ two endless travelling felts, the upper one of which
being in contact with the endless wire passing over the lower couch roller takes
the pulp therefrom and immediately draws it in between the two felts, which pass
round two rollers underneath the lower couch roller, the lower felt being wet and
the upper one comparatively dry. The paper pulp passes between the felts, and is
conveyed by them over a roller and between the first pair of pressing rollers,
where the lower or wet felt leaves the upper one and passes down round other
rollers back to the roller underneath the couch rollers. The paper pulp then passes
in contact with the upper (or dryer) felt under a roller and through the second
pair of pressing rollers, and thence to the drying cylinder.

page_text: The upper felt leaves the paper just before it reaches the drying cylinder and
passes over rollers back again to the lower couch roller.
Both felts are kept in proper tension by means of stretching rollers mounted in
movable bearings. Two of the rollers over which the upper felt passes back to
the couch rollers are mounted in a frame so arranged that when desirable the upper
felt can be disconnected from the lower couch roller in order that the latter, with
the endless wire, may run free from the felts.
A NEW OR IMPROVED SURGICAL INSTRUMENT FOR THE REMOVAL OF STONE FROM THE BLADDER
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William John Butler, of 2, Delamere Crescent, W., in
the County of Middlesex, Surgeon, for the Invention of "A NEW OR
IMPROVED SURGICAL INSTRUMENT FOR THE REMOVAL OF STONE FROM THE
BLADDER."
Sealed the 10th February 1880, and dated the 15th August 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William John Butler at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th August 1879.
WILLIAM JOHN BUTLER, of 2, Delamere Crescent, W., in the County of Middlesex,
Surgeon. "A NEW OR IMPROVED SURGICAL INSTRUMENT FOR THE REMOVAL OF
STONE FROM THE BLADDER."
This Invention consists of an instrument for the purpose of removing stone from
the bladder by a different method than heretofore practiced, and this I propose to
effect substantially as follows:-
I construct an instrument composed of a number of blades (of an oval form by
preference) mounted on a tube capable of being revolved within another tube in
such a way that the blades can be made to form a closed chamber when inserted
into the bladder so as to enclose the stone desired to be removed. This removal
is effected by injecting into the chamber formed by the blades (through the
aforesaid inner tube) certain acids that will dissolve the stone.
It may be found desirable to attach to the blades a flexible covering for the
purpose of preventing leakage of the acid into the bladder.

page_text: leakage of acid or other solvent into the bladder, but in case of an accident I have
provided the pipe h for injecting an alkali or other neutralizing agent as aforesaid.
The blades may if found desirable have some soft substance between them for
better security against leakage, or a flexible or elastic material may be fitted
thereto for this purpose. I may modify the arrangement for working the blades
by increasing the number of tubes and causing the blades to rotate in opposite
directions so as to form the closed cavity, and dispensing with the flanged portion
of the blade c'.
Having thus described the nature and object of my said Invention and the
means for carrying the same into practical effect, I would remark in conclusion that
I do not intend to confine myself to the precise details hereinbefore described as the
same may be varied, but what I claim as constituting this Invention is constructing
an instrument composed of a series of blades (with or without a flexible or elastic
material) constructed and arranged in such a manner as to enable it to be closed
and opened from without, forming a closed chamber capable of enveloping a stone
or stones in the bladder, in combination with tubes, all substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William John Butler, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eleventh day of February, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty.
W. J. BUTLER. (L.S.)
THE Y TRAMRAIL, OR IMPROVE- MENTS IN TRAMWAY RAILS AND IN THE MEANS OR METHOD OF LAYING AND FASTENING THE SAME
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Cullen and William Edwards
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th September 1879.
ALEXANDER CULLEN and WILLIAM EDWARDS, both of No. 4, Coleman Street
Buildings, Moorgate St., in the City of London. "THE Y TRAMRAIL, OR IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TRAMWAY RAILS AND IN THE MEANS OR METHOD OF LAYING AND
FASTENING THE SAME."
"
This Invention has for its object improvements for facilitating the laying of street
tramways and the better tying together of the rails by means of tie bars, bolts, and
nuts, and an antifriction bead.
For street tramways and other railways we roll a half Y shaped (1) rail, which
will form the groove (the groove to receive the flanges of the carriage wheels) when
bolted on the main rail or girder.
The main rail or girder is of a simple girder shape, with a single flange for its
head and a double flange for its foot, with an upright or perpendicular web, on the
inside of which we roll an antifriction bead, which (antifriction bead) may be within
or without the surface of contact of the rails above mentioned; when this antifriction
bead is placed within the surface of contact we roll a lateral groove in the half Y
shaped rail to receive it, and we bolt the said half Y shaped rail to the main rail or
girder to form our Y tram rail.
The Y tram rail may be made of such proportions as may be required for light
and heavy carriages, the size of sets or paving stones, and the different classes of
macadamized roads. The tie bars serve as bolts and nuts, as well as determine the
guage of the tramway; the bolts are driven into the rail in an opposite direction to
that of the tie bars.
When this rail (the Y tram rail) will be used in chairs or sleepers there will be a
single flange at the foot of the main rail or girder portion of it, or a flange similar
to the flange which forms the head of the same rail or girder. The half Y portion
of it will be lengthened in order to rest on the chairs.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM, ATMOSPHERIC, AND OTHER ENGINES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Thewlis, John Thewlis, and
Thomas Thewlis at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th
March 1879.
JAMES THEWLIS, JOHN THEWLIS, and THOMAS THEWLIS, all of Leeds, in the
County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM, ATMOSPHERIC,
AND OTHER ENGINES."
In our improvements we employ one cylinder, and in it two pistons are fitted
with their respective piston rods. Pressure is admitted between the two pistons
in order to give an outward movement thereto, the return motion being obtained
by admitting pressure on the opposite side of each piston. The crank shaft is con-
nected direct with the piston rod of the nearest piston, and long rods in connection
also with the crank shaft are attached to the outside cranks on the same, and
coupled to a crosshead on the end of the piston rod of the other or opposite piston.
Each piston rod although moving in contrary directions tend to give a rotary
motion to the crank shaft, the cranks on the shaft for the nearest piston and the
farthest piston being opposite to each other.
The means for moving the slide valve for admitting the pressure may be of
ordinary censtruction and actuated by some suitable moving part of the engine.
The above described arrangements or improvements are applicable not only to
stationary but also to locomotive engines, and by the application thereof higher
speeds can be obtained; at the same time a great saving of fuel is effected, and the
engine is much less expensive in construction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FLOATING NAVAL ARSENALS, DOCKS, SHIP RAISING PLATFORMS, AND BLOCKING APPARATUS.”
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolphus Vogt and Augustus Figge
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th March 1879.
ADOLPHUS VOGT and AUGUSTUS FIGGE, Engineers, both of 233, Grande Rue de
Pera, Constantinople, at present of 18, Southampton Street, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FLOATING NAVAL ARSENALS, DOCKS, SHIP RAISING
PLATFORMS, AND BLOCKING APPARATUS.”
The improvements consist in combining two or more floating pontoon stages with
a floating or fixed platform or stage for containing machinery, workshops, stores,
and such like, the whole rendered capable of being towed and anchored anywhere,
and also of being worked independently of tidal influence. Also in the arrangement
of the sides or walls of the said platform and the sides of the pontoons, whereby the
same may be held together and yet allow of vertical movement when the pontoons
are worked up and down by water in the ordinary way, and also afford the means
of speedy release and refixing. Also in so arranging the two or more pontoons with
reference to the platform that one machine may travel thereon or there round and
thus serve to pump out all the pontoons. Lastly, in blocking apparatus for use
with the said or other pontoons, whereby the weight of the ship when in position
on the pontoon shall actuate suitable machinery and so bring blocking cars or pieces
into action on each side of the ship for the purpose of holding and keeping the ship
in a vertical or other position. The improvements are to be performed by making
the various parts of metal or of other convenient material, and the pontoons and
platform need not in themselves be different from similar constructions at present
in use, excepting that the walls or sides of the platform are to be furnished with
jaws or frames and friction appliances for receiving, holding, and allowing to move
vertically therein brackets or other contrivances fixed to the floating pontoons.
The pontoons or the platform, or both, are furnished with rails on which a travelling
pump is moved so as to pass around the platform or on to the pontoons. The
blocking arrangement consists of segmental or other plates or supports projecting
normally above the bed plates of the upper surface of the pontoon, and furnished
with spring cushions underneath, in such fashion that on the weight of the keel of
the ship coming on the said plates or supports the blocking mechanism, which
consists of levers, springs, and suitable blocks, is released and drawn together so as
to embrace and hold the ship.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BLACK COLOURING MATTER FOR DYEING AND PRINTING
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Edward Vaughan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th October 1879. A
communication from abroad by Adolphe d'Andiran and Gustave Wegelin, both
of the Firm of d'Andiran and Wegelin, Manufacturing Chomists, of Mulhouse,
Alsace, in the Empire of Germany.
GEORGE EDWARD VAUGHAN, of 67, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BLACK COLOURING
MATTER FOR DYEING AND PRINTING." A communication from abroad by Adolphe
d'Andiran and Gustave Wegelin, both of the Firm of d'Andiran and Wegelin,
Manufacturing Chemists, of Mulhouse, Alsace, in the Empire of Germany.
The object of this Invention is to produce a black colouring matter for dyeing
and printing purposes, which shall be free from the tendency to turn green
presented under certain conditions by the blacks as hitherto manufactured from the
oil and salts of aniline.
To this end are substituted or added to the aniline other substances derived from
coal tar, such as toluidines (solid and liquid), xylidinc, and cumidine, the said
substances being mixed in variable proportions according to the effect desired, but
which, for general purposes, may be approximately stated as follows:-
(a.) Two parts of aniline, with one part of xylidine, or its equivalent of
cumidine);
Or (b.) Equal parts of liquid toluidine (or orthotoluidine) and solid toluidine (or
paratoluidine);
Or (c.) Two parts of liquid toluidine with one part of xylidine or its equivalent
of cumidine.
As a guide in the execution of the present improvements it may be well to
recapitulate the results obtained from the above named substances when employed
separately; thus, the blacks derived from aniline alone tend to become green when
applied to animal or vegetable fibre.
Liquid toluidine (or orthotoluidine) treated under the same conditions as for
ordinary aniline blacks gives a more resistant or faster black, though still liable to
veer towards green.
Solid toluidine (or paratoluidine), xylidine, and cumidine, give each a brown
when treated under the same conditions, and even the mixtures of aniline with
| liquid or solid toluidine fail to exempt the resulting blacks from their tendency to
veer towards green when exposed to the action of sulphurous or acid emanations.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN SAFETY APPLIANCES FOR POURING FLUIDS FROM BOTTLES AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th January 1879. (A com-
munication from Johannes Luckhardt, of Berlin, Prussia.)
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and
G. W. v. Nawrocki, of 124, Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, Prussia, Patent Agents.
"IM-
PROVEMENTS IN SAFETY APPLIANCES FOR POURING FLUIDS FROM BOTTLES AND
OTHER VESSELS." (A communication from Johannes Luckhardt, of Berlin,
Prussia.)
The object of this Invention is to facilitate the pouring out of fluids from closed
vessels, and to prevent the running over of the vessels to be filled.
The appliance consists mainly in a pipe fastened in the stopper or cork of the
vessel, or otherwise fastened in the vessel. This tube is by a length of partition
divided in two passages, one of which serves for the fluid exit, and the other, which
may be smaller, for the entry of air into the vessel. When the latter is discharged
the tendency of the fluid is at first to pass out through both passages, but the flow
through the larger one soon gets the upper hand, and the required air then enters
by the smaller one without having to forcibly enter through the outflowing fluid as
in the ordinary way. The inner end of the air passage is made narrower; in
consequence this passage would never quite fill because more would flow out than
in, and the lower pressure therein would thus secure the outflow through the other
passage only. The fluid outflow passage may also at its inner end be splayed or
cut out or otherwise enlarged for the easier entry of the fluid. When the outer end
of the tube dips into the fluid in the receiver no flow takes place; this is especially
useful when filling opaque vessels such as the oil receiver of a paraffin lamp.
Instead of the partition in the tube two tubes may be used, one above the other,
or one within the other.
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RIBS AND STRETCHERS FOR ÜMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John William Shipman at the Office
"IMPROVEMENTS
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd December 1879.
JOHN WILLIAM SHIPMAN, of Sheffield, in the County of York.
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RIBS AND STRETCHERS FOR ÜMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS."
My Invention relates to improvements in the construction of the ribs and
stretchers of umbrellas and parasols, and has reference more particularly to the
cross section of such ribs and stretchers, its object being to provide a rib that shall
be light in weight, strong in resisting strain in any direction, and not so liable to
cut the cover as the ribs in general use. According to my Invention I accomplish
these objects by making or shaping the rib wire, which in all cases is hollow, of an
oval or nearly oval cross section, which may vary from a nearly circular oval to a
very elongated oval, the edges of the wire when turned over being by preference
not brought close together, to enable certain parts of the umbrella or parasol to be
secured in the hollow of the wire or rib. The side of the rib next the cover may
be flattened if desired without departing from the spirit of my Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN KILTING APPARATUS USED IN THE PLAITING OF FABRICS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Chadwick and Thomas
Sugden at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st July 1879.
THOMAS CHADWICK, Managing Director of Bradbury and Company, Limited, of
Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, and THOMAS SUGDEN, of the same Place,
Foreman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN KILTING APPARATUS USED IN THE PLAITING OF
FABRICS."
Our Invention relates to the apparatus now known as kilting machines used in
the plaiting of fabrics employed in the trimming of wearing apparel, or for other
purposes. The object of our Invention in the first place is to provide means for
the ready adjustment of the parts which regulate the action of the knife, and
thereby determine the width of the plait, and also the amount of material taken
up in the formation of the plait. We actuate the rocking frame to which the
knife is attached by means of an adjustable crank. The crank pin is fixed or
formed on a block, which is fitted to slide in a tee or other suitably shaped slot,
which is formed in a disc or arm, which is fixed or formed upon the driving shaft.
The crank pin can be moved nearer to or further from the axis of the driving
shaft, and when adjusted the block is fixed in position by means of a set screw or
bolt, or we may move the said block by means of a screw. The said crank pin is
connected with an adjustable arm or part of the said rocking frame by means of a
link, or by other suitable means. In the arrangement we prefer, a slotted plate is
secured by means of a hinge pin and bolt to an arm of the said rocking frame, and
a bowl or a sliding block upon the crank pin works in the slot in the said plate.
By altering the angular position of the said slotted plate upon the said arm the
amount of material taken up by the knife is varied. The bar to which the knife
is secured is formed with an arm or with arms upon which springs act to cause the
knife. to have a downward pressure upon the fabric; the said arm or each arm
being slotted, notched, or perforated in such a manner as that the effect of the
springs may be varied.
Our Invention relates in the second place to the heating arrangements. We
form or fix & gas burner inside the pressing box or block, and we supply the said
burner by means of a flexible tube, ordinary or suitable means being employed to
obtain a mixture of air and gas. In the arrangement we now prefer, a channeled
plate is perforated or nicked at the sides, and is fixed in position on the bottom of
the box. Loose weights are placed upon or over the said plate. The burning jets

page_text: of gas issuing from the burner heat the box, and also the said weights. Suitable
openings are formed to permit of the escape of the products of combustion. In
some or in all cases we may cool the bed plate by means of water introduced into
or caused to flow through a space formed in the said plate.
A remaining part of our Invention consists in the employment of a cam to act
upon a rod which acts upon a plate spring, which is attached to the knife bar,
whereby a downward pressure of the knife is obtained at the required times.
AN IMPROVED FASTENER FOR SECURING THE POLES OF FOUR WHEELED VEHICLES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Oswald Jones at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th November 1879.
OSWALD JONES, of Shepherd's Bush, in the County of Middlesex. "AN IMPROVED
FASTENER FOR SECURING THE POLES OF FOUR WHEELED VEHICLES."
The object of this Invention is to prevent the poies of carrier's and other vans
or waggons, omnibuses, and other such like vehicles, being surreptitiously abstracted
when the vehicle is out of use. It is customary to remove the pole from its socket,
and place it beneath the vehicle out of the way when the horses are unharnessed,
and the van or other vehicle is left standing in the yard or other place, and when
the pole of a vehicle has been accidentally broken it has been a common practice
for the driver or carman to exchange the broken pole for a sound one belonging to
another vehicle standing in the same yard, so that it is difficult, if not impossible,
for the employer to fix the responsibility for the damage upon the proper person.
Now the purpose of my Invention is to permanently attach the pole to the
vehicle, and at same time allow of its being fixed in the socket in the ordinary
way, and removed therefrom and placed beneath the vehicle when not in use as
usual. The Invention therefore consists in a "pole fastener" constructed of a
length of chain secured at one end to a metal band or hoop encircling the pole, and
fixed to it just above the part which enters the pole socket on the forecarriage,
and at the other end to a weighted rod or bar pendant from the rear part of the
forecarriage or other fixed point in rear of the fore axle. This bar is free to swing,
the chain being attached thereto by means of a swivel, and is weighted at the
lower extremity, the purpose of the weight being to draw the chain back over the
fore axle so as to hang behind the latter out of the way of the horses, as the chain
being necessarily of sufficient length to enable the pole to be drawn out of the
socket and laid beneath the van therefore hangs down loosely in a loop when the
pole is fixed in the socket. The axle bed over which the chain passes is covered
by a curved plate to prevent wear and ease the traverse of the chain.
Instead of a weighted bar or rod it may be a continuation of the same chain, the
weight being fixed on it at a short distance from the rear end.
The band or hoop round the pole also serves to strengthen it where extra strength
is desirable.
PROVED SANITARY TRAPS, SPECIALLY APPLICABLE FOR COLLECTING GREASE AND SUCH LIKE SUBSTANCES FROM SINKS AND OTHER PLACES." IM-
Year: 1879

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George James Farrow at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd September 1879.
GEORGE JAMES FARROW, of Wood Green, in the County of Middlesex.
PROVED SANITARY TRAPS, SPECIALLY APPLICABLE FOR COLLECTING GREASE AND
SUCH LIKE SUBSTANCES FROM SINKS AND OTHER PLACES."
IM-
The object of my Invention is for the purpose of retaining the grease from sinks
and other places instead of allowing its passing direct into the drains and sewers
and thus choking up same, thereby preventing the accumulation of grease or
stopping of drains and sewera.
In carrying out my Invention I adopt mainly the following arrangements:-
A tank, trap, receptacle, or chamber made of any suitable material, is divided into
three or more compartments. When the chamber is divided into three compart-
ments I prefer the centre compartment to be larger than the side compartments.
The inlet from the sink is connected to one of the side compartments, and the
water and grease from the sink or other place passes down to the lower part of and
issues into the middle compartment or compartments. The grease by its specific
gravity rises in said compartment or compartments, and is there retained, the
water passing into the third or outer compartment, and by suitable outlet into the
drain or elsewhere. The divisions between the compartments are preferably in the
form of a frustrum of a cone, so that the inner chamber or chambers, compartment
or compartments have nearly the area of the whole receptacle. The receptacle or
chamber is provided with a cover, which when put on same is practically hermetically
sealed, and at the top in the divisions a small opening may be made to allow of the
escape of air and gas which is conveyed away by suitable pipe or other means. A
second cover may be used, and between the two covers a suitable non-conductor
may be placed for the purpose of preventing freezing in the chamber or receptacle.
Thus this trap or tank is so made that it can be easily cleaned with little or no
labour. The specialty of these tanks is that the whole body of water charged with
grease or other matter issues into the bottom of the tank or trap, and becoming
cooled, immediately passes, to the top of the water in the middle compartment or
compartments:
IMPROVED CEMENT FOR MAKING STEAM-TIGHT JOINTS, AND FOR SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Gervase Olliver at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st September 1879.
FRANCIS GERVASe Olliver, of Kingston, in the County of Sussex.
IMPROVED CEMENT FOR MAKING STEAM-TIGHT JOINTS, AND FOR SIMILAR PURPOSES."
"AN
My Invention relates to an improved cement to be used in place of the ordinary
cement made of red and white lead, and used for making tight the joints of pipes
and other parts of steam engines, and other machinery or apparatus wherein steam
or other fluid is used or contained.
The said improved cement is composed of white lead, and a substance known
as bluestone, which contains lead, zinc, sulphur, and a small quantity of silver,
and which is found in the south of Ireland.
This bluestone is finely pulverized, and mixed in about equal proportions with
the white lead, either with or without oil. When properly prepared this improved
cement will have the consistency of stiff paste, and in this condition may be
kept in tin or other cases or receptacles for sale or use.
This improved cement will be found more effectual for making or stopping
steam and other joints, and when used will set or harden sooner than any
heretofore known, and moreover the cost of this cement will be considerably less
than that of ordinary cement used for the above purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE UTILIZATION OF THE FALL OF SEWAGE AND IN OBTAINING OF MOTIVE POWER THEREFROM
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mark Birkhead at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th March 1879.
MARK BIRKHEAD, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE UTILIZATION OF THE FALL OF SEWAGE AND IN OBTAINING OF MOTIVE POWER
THEREFROM."
1.
'This Invention consists in the utilization of sewage by placing a motor in the
conduit itself and bringing the power from thence by means, preferably of a shaft,
passing out of the sewer through a stuffing box. This apparartus will be found
very useful in hilly districts where there is a great fall, and very frequently a heavy
outpour of sewage at the same time. My motor can be of various forms, but I
prefer an ordinary vortex wheel, occupying the entire area of the conduit or of its
lower portion, and connected by mitre wheels or elastic shaft with the machinery,
to be driven above, one main point when used under cover being to take full pre-
caution by using a stuffing box to prevent the gases rising into the house above.
In many cases I take the sewer at a considerable distance above the outfall and
bring it in a closed pipe to the outfall. By this means the full force of the sewage
from the point of collection to the outfall can be utilized. One main use for these
sewer motors will be in working dynamo electric machines for the electric light.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDS FOR STENCH TRAPS, AND IN APPARATUS USED IN THE FITTING THEREOF
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Sutcliffe and Wright
Sutcliffe at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th April
1879.
HENRY SUTCLIFFE and WRIGHT SUTCLIFFE, of the Firm of Wright Sutcliffe and
Son, of Halifax, in the County of York, Brassfounders and Sanitary Engineers.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDS FOR STENCH TRAPS, AND IN APPARATUS USED IN
THE FITTING THEREOF."
This Invention relates to improvements in moulds for stench traps, for which
Letters Patent were granted to us dated the 23rd day of July, One thousand eight
hundred and seventy two, and numbered 2194; also to an improved tool employed
in the fitting of such stench traps to their connecting pipes. According to this our
Invention we employ guage pins for ensuring accurate relative positions of the
cores, and at the mitres of the cores we employ mitre or angle bits, which ensure
full bore of pipe so as to avoid hand grinding or cutting out, as heretofore necessary.
The mould is hinged at one end, and is turned up into nearly a vertical position
for facilitating the running of the lead and casting the pipe, the metal being passed
The tool
to the mould through an aperture or "runner" at the other or top end.
employed consists of a centre piece or mandril having an angle external cutter,
which when rotated by hand, pares the outer edge of the pipe, or its inner edge,
according to the angle of the external. The tool aforesaid is applicable for soft
metal pipe joints generally.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING DRIED MILK, AND IN MIXING IT WITH FARINA AND OTHER ALIMENTARY SUBSTANCES, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR THIS PURPOSE
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nicholas William Lobb at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th May 1879.
NICHOLAS WILLIAM LOBB, of Langley Mills, Vauxhall, in the County of Surrey,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING DRIED MILK, AND IN MIXING IT WITH FARINA AND
OTHER ALIMENTARY SUBSTANCES, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR THIS
PURPOSE."
This Invention relates to improvements in preparing and drying milk, so that it
may be mixed with farina and other alimentary substances in the form of flour or
powder ready for use as required.
For this purpose I take ordinary condensed milk and combine it with powdered
sugar in the proportion of from one sixteenth part by weight of sugar up to equal
parts by weight of sugar and milk, and part of my Invention relates to improve-
ments in the apparatus employed for mixing the condensed milk and powdered
sugar together in suitable proportions.
The condensed milk and sugar to be mixed is fed into a machine or apparatus
known as Boby's aveller, or other mixing apparatus, in which a series of blades or
arms mounted upon a shaft or axis are arranged to rotate within a cylinder or
vessel, and according to my improvements two separate feed hoppers are employed,
or one hopper arranged with a division to form it into two compartiments, one for
the milk and the other for the sugar. Means are provided for regulating the
delivery of the milk and sugar in the desired proportions into the machine, from
which it is delivered into suitable evaporating trays, or into an evaporating pan
to be dried and then reduced to powder as is well understood.
The dried milk and sugar thus prepared in the form of powder may then be
mixed in any desired proportions with farina, cocoa, chocolate, or other alimentary
substances in the form of flour or powder ready for use as food.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN BRACES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Thorns at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th December 1879.
THOMAS THORNS, of Nicholl Square, in the City of London. "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN BRACES."
My Invention relates to a tip for brace ends or tabs, having for its object to form
a guard or protector for the button hole in the brace end or tab, and prevent the
same being broken or torn through so quickly. This guard or protector is placed
under or across the end of the button hole or slit in the leather or other brace end
or tab, the said tip or guard being punched out of sheet metal, that is to say, a
blank is first stamped out somewhat of a heart shape with a projecting tongue or
tongues of metal at the upper part, and flanges are then stamped up along the lower
and side edges, the said flanges being bent backwards and inwards so as to embrace
the edges of the brace end or tab, the metal tongue or tongues being also bent
backwards.
When applied to the brace end or tab the flanges embrace the edges of the brace
end or tab as above mentioned, and are closed down tightly at the back thereof,
the metal tongue or tongues being passed through the substance of the brace end
or tab and turned down at the back thereof in order to retain the tip or guard
securely in place.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO BREAD PRESERVED IN CLOSED BOXES OR CASES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Joseph Kolvenbach at .the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th May 1879.
PETER JOSEPH KOLVENBACH, of Cologne, Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND
RELATING TO BREAD PRESERVED IN CLOSED BOXES OR CASES."
This Invention relates to bread which I bake in boxes or cases, and in such a
manner that it will keep in good condition for a very long period of time.
In carrying the said Invention into practice the dough, prepared in the ordinary
inanner, is filled into boxes or cases, which are then closed by means of a lid, or in
a similar manner, or by soldering, and are then placed in an ordinary oven for
baking. To provide for the evaporation taking place in the soldered boxes an
aperture is made therein; but in the boxes which are otherwise closed there will be
sufficient space for this purpose at the part where the closing portion joins the box.
The baking operation is the same as ordinarily practised, but for preventing the
tin from running down from the boxes I fill the oven with steam while the baking
is proceeding.
Upon the baking operation being completed the boxes are removed from the
oven, and when cool, if boxes soldered as aforesaid have been employed, the aperture
is also closed by being soldered. If the other boxes or cases have been employed
they are covered over with paper.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Boden at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th June 1879.
HENRY BODEN, of No. 17, Brighton Terrace, Victoria Park, County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREIN."
My Invention relates to an improved mode of and apparatus for obtaining motive
power and consists essentially in the utilization of the combined force of air and
water by means of a reversible drum, wheel, or turbine, enclosed in a perforated
and jacketed cylinder.
Valves are provided over the perforations which connect the jacket of the
machine with the inside cylinder in which the wheel rotates, which may be opened
or closed as occasion requires.
The inner cylinder containing the turbine or wheel may be partially or wholly
filled with water, or remain entirely empty until the valves are opened as may be
deemed expedient.
One or inore outlets from the inner cylinder may be provided passing through the
jacket above mentioned, but perfectly independent of and uninfluenced by the
pressure in the said jacket. These outlets which communicate with the atmosphere
are provided with cocks which may be opened or closed at pleasure.
In carrying out my Invention I provide above and in connection with the jacket
of the cylinder a chamber containing air, which is compressed to the requisite
degree by forcing water obtained from a tank or other similar receptacle into the
apparatus up to the desired level within the said air chamber by the aid of a pump
mounted upon the same axis as the wheel or turbine; or the water may be intro-
duced in the first instance by an auxillary pump if required. Valves are provided
for regulating the inlet of the water to the compressed air chamber and the outlet
of the water from the same, which valves are operated by hand in reverse
directions.
When it is required to prepare the apparatus for work, both last mentioned valves
are opened; and the pump being set in motion, water is forced into the air chamber
and thence into the jacket of the cylinder until the latter is completely filled, tho
outlet valve is then closed and the motion of the pump being continued the air in
the air chamber will be compressed by the pressure of the water to the requisite
degree.

page_text: The air chamber may be connected with the pump by means of a tube having
a check valve for preventing the return of the water.
When the necessary pressure is obtained, if it is not required immediately to
work the engine the inlet valve is closed, but should it be desired to put the engine
in operation the inlet valve is kept open and the outlet valve is also opened, and
water will then be discharged into the jacket of the cylinder and through the
perforations on to the circumference of the turbine, causing the same to rotate and
thereby repumping the escape water from the tank to the air chamber and thus
retain the power that had been obtained.
I also claim the right of employing cranks and lovers between the engine and the 1
pump to assist in pumping tho water back into the air chamber.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINDLES AND FLYERS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hyde at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th June 1879.
WILLIAM HYDE, of Falls Road, Belfast, in the County of Antrim, Ireland
(Engineer). "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINDLES AND FLYERS."
These improvements consist of a novel method of attaching flyers to spindles by
forming the bottom edge of the socket of the flyer into a portion of a screw the
same diameter outside as the blade of the spindle; this fits into a corresponding
portion of a screw upon the spindle and so forms a catch or clutch and shoulder for
carrying the flyer round with the spindle and keeping the flyer always at the same
position vertically.
The portion of the spindle inside the flyer head being plain, having neither key
nor thread therein, a simple and durable method of attachment is obtained, and the
flyers remain steady and always at the same position vertically on the spindle.
This Invention is applicable to spinning and twisting frame spindles and flyers,
and is specially adapted to roving frames where the ordinary method of attachment
by a key and slot is used.