IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Thomas the younger, of Bristol, Soap
Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF SOAP."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Thomas at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
November. 1855.
I, THOMAS THOMAS the younger, of Bristol, Soap Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for." IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF SOAP to be as follows:
In the manufacture of soap as heretofore practised, in some cases silicate of
potash or of soda has been employed to combine with soap, and in other cases
sulphate or other salt of soda or potash has been used for a like purpose.
Now, my Invention consists of combining the use of silicate of potash or
soda with the use of sulphate or other salt of soda or potash,. by which a
material. improvement is obtained over what results from the above-mentioned
separate use of such materials. The silicate of soda or of potash is by
preference first mixed with sulphate or other salt of soda or potash, and these
mixed matters are then combined with soap by the aid of mechanical stirring
and heat, for which purpose a close vessel is employed, having externally a
steam jacket to facilitate the heating and cooling of the contents of the vessel.
***

page_text: The stirring is by means of an upright shaft, which passes through and turns
in a stuffing box at the upper part of the vessel, there being arms fixed on
such shaft. The vessel is provided with a man-hole and cover at the upper
part, at which the charging takes place, and a passage or cock at the lower
part of the vessel, where the soap is run off, or is blown out from the vessel.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Thomas in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
3rd May 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
THOMAS the younger, of Bristol, Soap Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Thomas Thomas, Her special licence that I, the said Thomas Thomas,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Thomas
time agree
Thomas, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF SOAP," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Thomas Thomas, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Thomas, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
In the manufacture of soap as heretofore practised, in some cases silicate o
soda or of potash has been employed to combine with soap, and in other case
sulphate or other salt of soda or of potash has been used for a like purpose
Now, my Invention consists in the conjoined use of silicate of soda or o

page_text: potash with sulphate of soda or other salt of soda or of potash, in combination
with soap, whereby a material improvement is obtained over the separate use
of such materials. The silicate of soda or of potash, and the sulphate or other
salt of soda or of potash, may be either mixed before putting them into the
soap, or they may be separately added to the soap. I usually introduce the
sulphate or other salt of soda or potash in crystals, and then add the silicate of
soda or potash in solution, say, about 1-600 specific gravity. The sulphate or
other salt of soda or potash may hower be used in solution. The soap is by
preference used as taken from the pan in a heated state, say, about 170° to
200° Fahrenheit. The proportion of soap and salts to be combined will vary,
according to the quality or kind of soap required. The following are examples
of proportions of the combination yielding good results:-
12 cwt. soap;
6 cwt. sulphate soda crystals;
2 cwt. silicate soda, 1.500 specific gravity.
I, however, do not confine myself to any specific proportions of salts, nor to
the particular state in which they may be used. For the combination of the
soap with the salts I use a close vessel, which is surrounded on the sides and
bottom by a jacket. The vessel has a steam-tight cover with man-hole and lid
for charging, and a vertical shaft working in a steam-tight stuffing box, with
arms attached extending to within half an inch of the sides, and with vertical
blades attached to the arms. The soap in a hot state, as above explained, is
put into the vessel through the man-hole, and the shaft having been put in
motion, the salts are then added and the motion continued till the combination
with the soap is completed. The temperature of the materials, if necessary,
(that is, if they become too stiff,) is raised and maintained by the introduction
of steam into the jacket, or into the vessel itself, and the soap when completed
is drawn off or blown out by a passage or cock at the lower part of the vessel.
The soap is then removed to the frames for cooling, and is then for a time
crutched, as is well understood.
And having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim as my Invention, ―
-
First, the conjoined use or combination of silicate of soda or of potash, and
of sulphate or other salt of soda or of potash, with soap, in manner herein-
before described.

page_text: Second, the application, of the vessel herein-before described for the
purpose of mixing or combining the salts herein-before described with soap,
as herein-before mentioned.
CIT
In.. witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Thomas, have hereunto, set
my hand and seal, this Third day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
Witness,
'S. CARPMAEL.
THOS THOMAS. (L.S.)

page_text: n the Matter of a Patent granted to Thomas Thomas, of Bristol, Soap!
Manufacturer, on the Fifth day of November One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-five, for his Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MANUFACTURE OF SOAP."
ISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION proposed to be
entered by the said Thomas Thomas at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents for Inventions pursuant to an Act passed in the fifth and sixth
years of the reign of His late Majesty King William the. Fourth, entitled
"An Act to amend the Law touching Letters Patent for Inventions," and
also to an Act passed in the 15th and 16th years of the reign of Her
present Majesty Queen Victoria, entitled An Act for amending the Laws
for granting Patents for Inventions."
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL. COME I, THOMAS
HOMAS, formerly the younger, of Bristol, Soap Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
atent bearing date the Fifth day of November, in the year of our Lord One
ousand eight hundred and fifty-five, and numbered 2484, did grant unto me,
e said Thomas Thomas, my executors, administrators, and assigns; the sole
rivilege to make, use, exercise, and vend my Invention therein entituled "IM-
ROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP," within the United Kingdom of Great

page_text: "Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and the Isle of Man, for the term of
fourteen years thence next ensuing: And whereas in pursuance of a condition
in the said Letters Patent contained, I did by a Specification in writing under
my hand and seal, and bearing date the Third day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and did cause the said Specification to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within the time and in the manner prescribed by the said
condition: And whereas since the filing of my, said Specification I have been
advised that it is doubtful whether any practical advantage would result from
combining silicates of soda or potash with any other salts of soda or potash
save and except the sulphates and carbonates thereof, and also that it is
doubtful whether the application of the vessel used for the purpose of mixing
the soap with the salts is a new Invention and the subject of a Patent, I am
desirous of making and entering the Disclaimer and Memorandum of Altera-
tion herein-after contained. Now, therefore, these Presents witness that I, the
said Thomas Thomas, with the leave of Her Majesty's Solicitor General, and
for the reasons aforesaid, do hereby alter the said Specification by inserting
after the words "my Invention consists in the conjoined use of silicate of soda
or of potash with sulphate" occurring at lines threes, thirty-two six, page 2,
and line 1, page 3 of the printed copy of the said Specification issued by Her
Majesty's Commissioners of Patents, the words "or carbonate," and striking
out the words "or "other salt of soda" next following, and also by substituting
the word "carbonate" for the words "other salt" where such words severally
and subsequently occur in the said Specification. And I do hereby alter the first
claim of my Invention in the said Specification by striking out the word "first"
occurring at line 37, page 3, and by striking out the words "other salt" in the
said claim, and inserting the word "carbonate," and also by striking out and
disclaiming the second claim altogether. And I, the said Thomas Thomas, do
hereby declare that the above-written Disclaimer and Memorandum of Altera-
tion are not nor is either of them, nor is any part thereof respectively intended
to extend the exclusive right granted by the said Letters Patent, and that
these Presents shall not extend the said exclusive right in any way whatsoever.
13,
1.i
In witness whereof,, I, the said Thomas Thomas, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of January, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-four five.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Thomas in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
3rd May One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
THOMAS, the younger, of Bristol, Soap Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, 'the
said Thomas Thomas, Her special licence that I, the said Thomas Thomas,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Thomas
Thomas, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF SOAP," upon the condition (amongst others) that
Thomas Thomas, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
the said
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Thomas, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:
In the manufacture of soap, as heretofore practised, in some cases silicate
of soda or of potash has been employed to combine with soap, and in other
cases sulphate or other salt of soda or of potash has been used for a like
purpose.
Now my Invention consists in the conjoined use of silicate of soda or of
potash with sulphate or carbonate of soda or of potash in combination with
soap, whereby a material improvement is obtained over: the separate use of
such materials. The silicate of soda or of potash,, and the sulphate or car-
bonate of soda or of potash, may be either mixed before putting them into the

page_text: soap or they may be separately added to the soap. I usually introduce the
sulphate or carbonate of soda or potash in crystals, and then add the silicate
of soda or potash in solution, say about 1.600 specific gravity. The sulphate
or carbonate of soda or potash may however be used in solution. The soap is
by preference, used as taken from the pan in a heated state, say about 170° to
200° Fabrenheit. The proportion of soap and salts to be combined will vary.
according to the quality or kind of soap required. The following are examples
of proportions of the combination yielding good results:-15 cwt. soap, 4 cwt.
sulphate soda crystals, 1 cwt. silicate soda, 1.600 specific gravity; or, 12 cwt.
soap, 6 cwt. sulphate soda crystals, 2 cwt. silicate soda, 1.500 specific gravity.
I however do not confine myself to any specific proportions of salts nor to the
particular state in which they may be used. For the combination of the soap
with the salts I use a close vessel which is surrounded on the sides and bottom
by a jacket. The vessel has a steam-tight cover with man hole and lid for
charging, and a vertical shaft working in a steam-tight stuffing box with arms
attached extending to within half an inch of the sides and with vertical blades
attached to the arms. The soap in a hot state as above explained is put into
the vessel through the manhole, and the shaft having been put in motion the
sálts are then added, and the motion continued till the combination with the
soap is completed. The temperature of the materials, if necessary (that is, if
they become too stiff,) is raised and maintained by the introduction of steam
into the jacket or into the vessel itself, and the soap when completed is drawn
off or blown out by a passage or cock at the lower part of the vessel. The
soap is then removed to the frames for cooling, and is then for a time crutched
as is well understood.
And having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim as my Invention,
the conjoined use or combination of silicate of soda or of potash, and of
sulphate or carbonate of soda or of potash with soap, in manner berein-before
described.

page_text: 10 the Commissioners of Patents for Inventions.
I hereby grant my fiat giving leave to the above-named Thomas Thomas
to file in the Great Seal Patent Office with the Specification to which the
same relates the above-written Amended Disclaimer and Memorandum of
Alteration
R. P. COLLIER,
Temple, February 21st, 1865.