matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
EXTRACTING THE FIBRE FROM ZOSTERA MARINA, AND OTHER AQUATIC VEGETABLE PRODUCTIONS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Steart at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st May
1863.
I, JAMES STEART, of 5, Saint James Road, Bermondsey, in the County of
Surrey, Manufacturer, do hereby declaro the nature of the said Invention for
"EXTRACTING THE FIBRE FROM ZOSTERA MARINA, AND OTHER AQUATIC VEGETABLE
PRODUCTIONS," to be as follows:-
I submit the plant or weed to various degrees of pressure by means of
rollers or otherwise, for the purposes of bruising or loosening the outer sheath
or skin, and the saccharine matter; I then place it in a wash bath of fresh
cold water for the purpose of removing all external impurities; it is then
treated in a bath, being a preparation of fish and water or other animal extract,
denominated a pure bath, at a high temperature, for a suitable length of time;
and lastly, to pressure and friction while in the pure bath at the same tem-
perature. By this process the outer sheath or skin of the plant or weed is
decomposed and removed, leaving the fibre in an uninjured state. It is then
dried and cleansed and fit for manufacturing purposes.
I claim for the purposes of my Invention the application of pressure and
also of friction, by whatsoever means respectively applied, and also of what is
called in the tanning trade "pure," with or without water; and also of any
chemical or other composition or animal extract combining the properties of
"pure," howsoever respectively made or applied; but the "pure" which I
prefer to use is that prepared or obtained by digesting fish in a proper vessel
subjected to the action of steam.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES FOR WATER, STEAM, AND GAS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Henry Clark and Henry
Hope at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 25th April 1863.
We, ALBERT HENRY CLARK, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, and HENRY HOPE, of Birmingham aforesaid, Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES
FOR WATER, STEAM, AND GAS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to such valves as are introduced into pipes for regu-
lating or arresting the flow therein of water, steam, or gas.
We make the seat of the valve in a plane in which the axis of the pipe is
situated, the ingress and egress pipes being placed on either side of and
opening respectively above and below the said seat. The valve rises and falls
in a line at right angles to the axis of the pipe. The said valve is fitted
to a stem or axis, the upper part of which is made into a screw; the lower
cylindrical part of the said stem or axis passes through a stuffing box, which
is fixed upon and closes the opening in the pipe at which the valve is intro-
duced; the upper screwed portion of the stem or axis works in a concave
screw in the plate, closing the top of the stuffing box. By means of a
winch or handle on the top of the valve stem or axis the said stem or axis
can be turned, and the valve raised or lowered. The height to which the
screw is raised out of the stuffing box indicates the height to which the valve
is raised from its seat. The gland by which the packing is compressed around
the cylindrical part of the valve stem is held down by screws engaging in the
top of the stuffing box. The valve may either have a leather or india-rubber

page_text: washer, by which it is made to fit closely on a flat seat, or it may be wholly
metallic and of a conical figure. In this case it fits on a conical valve seat.
On removing the stuffing box from the opening in the pipe over which it is
fixed, the valve may be removed from its seat, and the opening in the pipe
may be closed by screwing a plate in the place ordinarily occupied by the
stuffing box. In the case of water pipes, the removal of the valve for repair
or other purpose does not necessitate the emptying of the pipes below the
level of the opening at which the valve is fixed.
Valves constructed according to our Invention are especially applicable to
hot water apparatus for heating buildings and structures, but may also be
used for regulating the flow of water, steam, and gas generally.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th January
1863. A communication from abroad by Jean Jacques Bourcart,
Engineer, of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in substituting for the reciprocating cleaning roller
of the large cylinder in carding engines a flyer with continuous motion, which
instead of stripping the large cylinder in front of the doffer, effects said
operation in front of the feed rollers (at a point before the cylinder arrives at
the feed rollers) whether it is furnished with a "licker in" or not, and after
the doffer has acted.
The annexed Drawing is in illustration of the Invention. A are the feed
rollers; B, large cylinder turning in the direction of the arrows; C, doffer;
D, flyer; E, small carding roller for receiving and delivering the waste;
9, 9, cover or box for the rollers D, E; L, L, base line. The cotton fed
at A is carried through between A and C by means of cylinder B either
against the working cover or cylinders, and then passes to C, as in all carding
machines the little cotton which remains in B tends to form a down, and fill
up gradually the bottom of the teeth of B. If not regularly cleaned for this
purpose before the feed operation recommences, the cylinder B is stripped by

page_text: means of D, which has a higher surface speed than B; the cotton is then
projected on E, which turns slower than B, which in its turn carries away
the waste, but the latter, instead of being at the lower side of B, will be
above it, and ready to be again carded at same time as the feed cotton. In
order to prevent much down being formed by the stripper and the doffer, I
apply a case 9, 9, as near as possible to the cylinders B, D, and E, but which
does not extend to the doffer; openings are made in it at r, through which air
passes and cleans the channel without carrying away any cotton with it.
The Invention thus consists, 1st., in the application of a stripper to the
large cylinder after the doffer has performed its operation; 2ndly, in partially
enclosing the under part of the cards up to a point within about 7 inches of
the doffer; 3rdly, in forming openings r in case 9, g, sufficient only for the
air to clean the channel. These improvements are applicable to all kinds of
carding machines.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BONNETT FRONT MACHINES AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Kinsey at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th December
1868.
I, HENRY KINSEY, of the Town of Nottingham, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BONNETT FRONT
MACHINES AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
Hitherto in machines used for making up bonnett fronts one pair of covering
plates have been used, the inner edges or the edges of such plates lying nearest
each other being parallel protecting the band in the groove untill the gofferings
are inserted therein; and when the inner edges instead of being parallel have
been made of varying shapes, or having the space between them of varying
widths for the purpose of making various shaped fronts, such plates when so
shaped leave the band more or less unprotected while the gofferings are
inserted, whereby the band is liable to be disarranged and the front spoiled.
Now my first improvement consists in making use of an additional pair of
plates to those heretofore used to protect the bands, such additional plates or
strips being of any required shape; each plate or strip may be hinged or
otherwise attached to moveable levers adjusted to any convenient part of the
machine, or the said plates or strips may be made to slide in suitable grooves
or slots attached to the machine. Or instead of using the plates heretofore
used with my additional plates or strips just described, I use the additional
plates or strips just described in conjunction with a pair of parallel edged
plates hinged to the additional plates or strips, so that the parallel plates

page_text: protect the band while the goffering is inserted, when the additional shaped
plates or strips to which they are hinged rise up and set the front in the
required shape.
My second improvement consists in simultaneously operating upon both of
the right and left handed screws which regulate the width of the trays that
carry the gofferings, and which I effect in the following manner :-To each of
such screws near one end I affix a small pinion wheel, each wheel being
operated upon by a short rack which is attached to or forms part of a rod
lying in bearings formed at each end of the tray, so that by merely moving
the rod or rack to the right or left, I quickly open or close the tray, and am
enabled to open the tray and lift it clear over the front, so that fresh gofferings
may be placed therein while the front being made is drying in the machine,
and by which means the operator is enabled to make a greater number of
fronts in a given time, and their finish being much superior.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF GUN BOATS, GUN VESSELS, AND RAMS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander M Laine at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th November
1863.
I, ALEXANDER M°LAINE, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, Ship Builder,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF GUN BOATS, GUN VESSELS, AND RAMS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to render such vessels as the American
Monitors fit to make a voyage in any weather by erecting above their ordinary
deck an upper story of iron, with or without wooden deck plank or raised
roof, with sides down to the hull; this upper stay is secured to angle iron
round the gunwale by screw bolts with india-rubber slips for tightening, or by
rivets. The upper story is constructed to be wholly or partially removable
before going into action, and is arranged as the ordinary abode of officers and
crew in peaceable times. In the event of the gun boats, gun vessels, or rams
having a turret or turrets, cupola or cupolas, the said turret or turrets, cupola
or cupolas, may or may not project through and above the said raised roof or
additional story.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SALT, AND IN BOILERS TO BE FED BY SALT WATER
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th November 1863.-A communication from abroad by Charles Louis
Edouard Lequin, of Nancy, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City. of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SALT, AND IN BOILERS TO BE FED
BY SALT WATER," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in utilizing the heat of the gases and other products
of combustion evolved from blast and other furnaces, cupolas, coke ovens, and
other fire-places, also the heat and gases given off by steam generators and
hot-air apparatuses used in connection with such furnaces and fire-places, or
otherwise, for the manufacture of salt, by leading the gases and other products
through conduits or passages under evaporating pans or vessels containing the
salt liquor. Some of the gases from the furnaces may be employed as is now
usually done for heating the steam generators and hot-air apparatuses, or the
generators and hot-air apparatuses may have separate fire-places, but I prefer
the former arrangement.
The Invention further consists in feeding steam generators with water
impregnated with sea salt, and thereby manufacturing salt as well as obtaining
steam. For this purpose I prefer the construction of boiler about to be
described, and I heat the water before its entrance into the generator to a
temperature of from 140° to 150° Fahrenheit, whereby it is deprived of a great

page_text: part of the carbonates and sulphates which it holds in solution. The generator
is formed of two main parts, the generator proper by preference tall and
narrow, and a reservoir below the generator, capable of being separated from
it when required by a cock or a slide. The fire-place is situated at such a
height that the temperature of the bottom part of the generator is much less
than that above, and flues surround the parts of the generator above the fire.
As the water is evaporated, salt is deposited in the reservoir, and when com-
munication between the generator and reservoir is shut off by the cock or
slide, the salt may be removed through a man-hole or otherwise. I remove
any scum and incrustation that may be formed on and at the surface of the
water through the top of the generator. The feed pipe leads by preference to
the lower part of the generator.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN HEAD DRESSES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Rushton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th May
1863.
I, HENRY RUSHTON, of 48A, Northampton Road, Clerkenwell, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HEAD DRESSES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This invention consists of a ladies head dress, which I form in the following
manner: I make two puffs, rolls, or rouches of rough hair, or elastic, netted or
woven hair, terminating at one end in a point; these points I connect by a
piece of elastic material. The puff rolls are made to swell gradually from the
pointed or upper ends and then diminish towards the lower ends, where I also
connect them by a piece of elastic material, thus forming an expanding circlet or
band for the head, which instantly fixes itself in any required position thereon.
To complete the said head dress to the lower parts of the expanding puffs I
attach hair ringlets or roll curls, and when placed upon the head the front hair
is turned back over and round the puffs, and fastened at the back; the artificial
curls full behind the ears, and thus form an elegant finish to the whole.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN DYEING AND STAINING FABRICS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR DYEING, STAINING, AND ORNAMENTING GLASS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Rollason at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th April
1863.
I, ALEXANDER ROLLASON, of East Peckham, in the County of Surrey,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN DYEING AND STAINING FABRICS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE
ALSO APPLICABLE FOR DYEING, STAINING, AND ORNAMENTING GLASS AND OTHER
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
My Invention of "improvements in dyeing and staining fabrics" relates in
the first place to a mode of dyeing or staining woven fabrics or paper that
have been rendered waterproof by being coated with solutions of pyroxyline,
either alone or mixed with oils, gums, resins, or other suitable substances
which are capable of combining or being mixed with volatile, ethereal, or
spirituous liquids. The fabric having been coated in the ordinary or any con-
venient manner with the waterproofing liquid may be dyed or stained of various
shades of colour by simply applying a methylic, alcoholic, or ethereal solution
of the desired colour to the surface to be operated upon.
Aniline colours, or colours obtained from coal tar, are the colours I usually
employ as they readily dissolve in alcohol, naptha, ethor, methylated spirit, and
other volatile liquids, but any other colours or dyes that aro soluble in such
menstruums may be employed provided the menstruum used will act on
the waterproofing solution with which the fabric is coated. American leather
cloth and other waterproof fabrics which are coated with impermeablo

page_text: preparations or compositions by means of heat or otherwise may also be coloured
by the spirituous solutions of colour I employ; glass and other substances may
also be coated with brilliant colours by first applying to the surface to be
coloured a solution of pyroxyline either alone or mixed with oiis, gums, resins,
or other suitable substances, as before stated, and then applying a spirituous or
other suitable solution of the dye. Varnishes made of gums, or resins dissolved
in various spirits and oils may be used for some purposes in place of solutions
of pyroxyline, but the latter solutions are preferable for glass as they adhere
with tonacity to the hard surface, and patterns or designs may be drawn theroon
with a dry point or other suitable tool and a highly ornamental effect may be
produced thereby. Solutions of the dye mixed direct with the solution of
pyroxyline or with varnishes before applying this latter solution to the substance
to be coated may also be employed with advantage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPING AND STARTING RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Applegate at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th May
1863.
I, FRANK APPLEGATE, of Bradford-on-Avon, in the County of Wilts, Woollen
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPING AND STARTING RAILWAY TRAINS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in stopping and starting railway
trains, and consists in the application of a spring or springs to be thrown into
gear to take up the vis viva of a railway train, which I apply in connection
with the wheels of the tender while in motion; it at same time applies a
breaking action thereto whereby to stop the train. The spring or springs are
by this means wound up in great tension, and are capable of being held in
such state of tension, and afterwards utilized in overcoming the vis inertia of
the train in starting; this may either be for the purposes of backing, or it
may be starting it for its onward progress, and so assisting the engine at a
time when the driving wheels are apt to slip, causing injury to the wheels and
rails. I effect this by means of clutches and spur gear, which are in con-
nection with the wheel axles of the tender and some fixed parts thereof, which
by means of suitable levers enables the stoker to apply the resistance of the
springs to oppose rotation of the wheels, and again to transfer and dispose
it in such manner that the tension of the springs so accumulated and stored
(so to speak) shall be given out and developed in again starting the train.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY FOR OPENING, CLEANING, PRE- PARING, AND CARDING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clissold at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th November
1868.
I, WILLIAM CLISSOLD, of Dudbridge Works, near Stroud, in the County
of Gloucester, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY FOR OPENING, CLEANING, PRE-
PARING, AND CARDING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention of improvements applicable to machinery for opening,
cleaning, preparing, and carding wool and other fibrous substances, relates
to certain novel arrangements of parts for feeding forward the material
to be operated upon to the working parts of the machine. By means of
these improvements I am enabled to regulate the feed with great nicety, sa
that not only the quantity of the material fed in will be regulated, but it will
be supplied in a sheet or layer of uniform thickness; this is effected by means
of reciprocating feeding surfaces, which I prefer to furnish with card teeth.
pins, or other equivalent instruments which are inclined in the same direction.
In carrying out my Invention, the particular mechanical arrangements to
be employed must of course depend in a great measure upon the particular
machine to which the Invention is to be applied. In some cases I combine
two curved surfaces, each of which will be provided with teeth or pins, as
above mentioned, and one of these is to be stationary, while to the other an
intermittent reciprocating rotary motion is imparted. In other cases the two

page_text: curved surfaces which may be made in the form of rollers, may be made to
rotate, but one of them must have the intermittent reciprocating rotary
motion, while to the other a slow progressive rotary motion always in the
same direction may be given. As an obvious modification of this arrange-
ment, both rollers may have the intermittent reciprocating rotary motion com-
municated to them. It will sometimes be found convenient to make one of
the surfaces straight or flat instead of curved, and to communicate to it a
reciprocating motion, while to a roller above, armed with card teeth or pins, a
slow progressive rotary motion may be given. I also propose, in some cases,
to combine two straight or flat surfaces properly armed with teeth or pins,
and to one or both of these I communicate a reciprocating motion so as to
drag forward from the mass of material a regulated quantity. It will be
understood that the quantity of fibre thus supplied to the working parts of
the opening, cleaning, preparing, or carding machines will of course depend
upon the amount of motion that is given to my improved mechanism; these
parts must therefore by capable of adjustment, so as to regulate the distance. of
throw according to the material to be operated upon.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN RAISING OR REMOVING GRAIN FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Audinwood at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
December 1863.
I, HENRY AUDINWOOD, of Weston-upon-Trent, in the County of Derby,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN RAISING OR REMOVING GRAIN FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to an improved method of and apparatus for
raising the grain from the lower part of the thrashing or winnowing machine
after it has been thrashed or winnowed, and delivering it into a dressing box
or elsewhere at any required height above that part of the machine whence
the grain is taken.
The Invention consists principally in causing or creating a vacuum in a
chamber or box placed at the height to which it is desired to raise the grain,
and connecting to this chamber a "shoot," ending in a hopper placed at the
lower part of the machine below the spout or orifice whence the corn issues
from the "thrasher." A partial vacuum being constantly created in the
chamber at the top of the shoot, a column of air is necessarily incessantly
rushing up the shoot to supply the place of the air which is withdrawn from the
chamber, and as the grain delivered from the "thrasher" falls into the hopper
at the lower end of the shoot, the current of air draws the grain up with it
into the chamber or box, whence it issues into the dressing box or other place
where it is desired to deliver the grain.

page_text: It will be evident that by slight modifications this Invention is equally
applicable to other machines and under other circumstances where it is
desirable to remove grain from one place to another.
The means to be employed for creating the desired vacuum may be a rotary
fan, or any other well known exhausting apparatus or contrivance, and such
apparatus forms no part of my present Invention, which consists in the method
and apparatus above described for raising or removing the grain to the
required place by means of a vacuum, without reference to any particular
apparatus that may be employed to create such vacuum.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING AND PLANING IRON AND OTHER METALS, PAR- TICULARLY APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY FOR CUTTING AND PLANING ARMOUR PLATES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Greenwood Craven, William Craven,
and John Craven at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 5th November 1863.
We, GREENWOOD CRAVEN, WILLIAM CRAVEN, and JOHN CRAVEN, of the
Vauxhall Iron Works, in the City of Manchester, Engineers and Tool
Makers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING AND PLANING IRON AND OTHER METALS, PAR-
TICULARLY APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY FOR CUTTING AND PLANING ARMOUR PLATES,”
to be as follows:-
Our Invention is particularly applicable to machinery for cutting or planing
armour plates. In preparing these plates for the vessel or other purpose for
which they are intended it is sometimes necessary to cut off a piece of several
inches in width.
Our Invention consists in effecting this object by a single cutting tool having
two cutting edges, one rather broader than the other; this cutting tool is secured
in a holder which swivels on a centre, or the same result can be obtained by
the use of two tools secured in a swivel holder; in either case the cutting edges
or cutting tools act alternately as the table with the plate moves to and
fro. This machine is also applicable for surface and edge planing.
Another part of our Invention consists in attaching a swivel cutting tool or
tools to a holder or rest constructed in the manner above directed, which
traverses along the cross beam at right angles to the bed; the object of this is
to cut off and square up the ends of armour plates or other heavy articles, or

page_text: to cut them across. This machine may be made with two or more cross beams
and cutting tools, each tool being worked independently of the others.
The last part of our Invention is an improved machine for planing or
squaring up the edges of armour plates or other similar articles, the plate or
other heavy article being stationary while the tools move. This machine is
made with a stationary table on which the armour plate or other article is
secured, and on each side thereof is a bed furnished with a slide and with
swivel tool holders as described above. When the machine is at work the
tools are traversed along the beds and act on the article under operation when
moving in both directions. The beds are adjustable so as to be able to set
the tools to plane taper plates at any required angle, and each tool holder
slide can be moved to and fro on its bed independently of the other.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REVOLVING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Edwin Wallis at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th September 1863.
I, CHARLES EDWIN WALLIS, of Millman Street, Bedford Row, Holborn, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REVOLVING FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in forming the chamber piece of revolving fire-arms
containing the charges in the following manner :-Heretofore it has been the
practice to discharge the contents of each chamber by the hammer striking a
percussion cap placed outside of and in a line with each chamber, and further
in making each chamber to contain only one charge. Now, by this Invention
I propose to place two charges of powder and ball in each chamber and.
discharge each separately by the following means, that is to say:-Around the
outside of the revolving chamber piece and in a sloping direction I drill two
holes, one extending to the closed end of its respective chamber and entering the
top thereof, and the other hole I drill in an opposite sloping direction, the hole
entering the chamber at top and about midway of the length of said chamber.
In connection with these holes are two nipples, or it may be a compound nipple,
the holes in which should come opposite to the sloping holes in the chamber piece.
The hammer of the lock of the fire-arm should be so formed as to come over
the two nipples of each chamber as the chamber piece is moved round, as.
commonly practised. I propose to use percussion caps of different thicknesses..
of metal, that is to say, on each of the nipples farthest from the hammer I

page_text: place a cap of thicker metal, and by preference different size to the cap which
I place on the other nipple, the intention being to cause the hammer to strike.
the outermost nipple first by reason of the metal of which the cap is made
being thicker than the cap on the other nipple, so that supposing each chamber
to contain two charges, the outermost charge will be discharged by the outer-
most cap, and when all of said caps and their respective charges have been
discharged, and the exploded caps have fallen therefrom, the hammer will then
strike the other row of thinner caps in succession and discharge the second
charge from each chamber, and by these means, for example, an eight chamber
revolver of the ordinary kind may be made to discharge sixteen charges without
increasing the diameter of the chamber piece.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR CONSTRUCTING HOUSES AND OTHER STRUCTURES OF PLASTIC MATERIALS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Henry at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st December
1863. A communication from abroad by Alphonse Pallu, of 33,
Boulevard Saint Martin, Paris, France.
I, MICHAEL HENRY, of 84, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR CONSTRUCTING HOUSES AND OTHER STRUCTURES OF
PLASTIC MATERIALS," communicated to me from abroad by Alphonse Pallu,
of 33, Boulevard Saint Martin, Paris, France, to be as follows:-
According to this Invention a wall block or work is shaped by a moulding
apparatus, one on each side, or by a moulding apparatus on one side and a
smooth or flat surface on the other, the moulding apparatus being combined at
some parts of the work with a travelling framework, and at other parts with a
stationary framework or scaffolding, whereof parts may traverse the work or
structure itself. The moulding apparatus may consist of a plate or frame.
connected by guide rods with another plate or frame, and worked by arms
actuated by a rod or shaft tapped with reverse threads; it is also guided
horizontally. The moulding plates may be fixed to a framework or scaffold
composed of uprights or corner irons supported by stays passing through the
structure or work and through hollow distance pieces. The moulds may be
also worked by nuts and chain wheels, and fixed to a traveller consisting of
a frame composed of uprights, slanting beams, and distance pieces, and
mounted on wheels (preferably without axle), and a weight may be suspended

page_text: over a pulley to reduce the shock of the mould. The moulds may be used
with the traveller to build the structure according to the horizontal plan
to a certain height, and then with the framework to raise the walls on each
side, and so on alternately as required by the work.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO INLAND NAVIGATION
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
July 1863. A communication from abroad by Charles Jacques Isaac
Troll and François Jacques Mercier, of the Rue du Faubourg St.
Martin, Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
APPLICABLE TO INLAND NAVIGATION," (a communication to me from abroad by
Charles Jacques Isaac Troll and Francois Jacques Mercier, of the Rue du
Faubourg St. Martio, Paris, France," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist essentially of pullies placed in positions and at
distances regulated by convenience, but always above the water level of the
canal or stream, and as much as possible at points where the boats are to stop,
worked by any suitable fixed motor (usually a steam engine), which gives
motion to them either directly or by the aid of straps or bands, and return
pullies, and an endless traction cable, carried along by the pullies above
mentioned at a speed regulated by requirement, and the current, if any, and
supported at intervals on pullies, the form of which may vary, but always so
as to permit the painter or tow rope fixed to any part of the endless cable,
and uniting it with the boat to pass without difficulty over their circumference.
The driving pullies may be placed vertically or horizontally, and have plane
or slightly conical grooves furnished with moveable guides to regulate the

page_text: winding of the cable and small return pullies to conduct the cable in suitable
projections. These driving pullies may have a continuous or an alternate
circular motion. A double-traction cable may be used, if desired, in which
case it will carry cross pieces at intervals, and to these cross pieces will be
fastened the painter or tow rope of the boat or barge. It may be desirable
in some places to use pullies, having the cheek on the side of the traction
replaced by a suitable number of teeth with intervals between them suffi-
cient to permit the easy passage of the painter or tow rope, and a nipping
apparatus fastening it to the endless cable. This nipping apparatus will be
composed of a sort of trundle, the backward and forward movement of which
will shut or open two jaws, which will embrace the cable and the tow rope
uniting this piece with the boat or barge will be double, so that action on one
part of the tow rope will close the jaws on the endless cable, and on the other
open and release them from it, in which case the traction cable will slide on
no longer carrying the tow rope with it, and the boat or barge will stop.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TOWING BOATS AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Johann Jacob Maurer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
November 1863.
I, JOHANN JACOB MAURER, of Paris, France, Gentleman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TOWING BOATS AND OTHER
VESSELS," to be as follows:-
These improvements relate to the towing of large or small boats, ships, or
vessels by any suitable power on canals, rivers, or other navigable waters.
The vessels to be towed are placed one behind the other lengthwise in one
series or continuous line, in such manner as to have the prow of one vessel
situated at the required distance from the stern of the preceding one, the
maximum distance between any two vessels of the series being fixed by means
of chains or cables, on which the traction is exerted. Underneath the stern
of one vessel and the prow of the one next following is slung a wrapper of
strong cloth, leather, or other suitable yielding material, of such width as to
extend on both sides of the vessels sufficiently above the water level for suit-
ably shutting up the water contained between the said stern and prow. Any
suitable number of vessels may be connected in this manner so as to make the
entire series form, as it were, one body together with the water shut up in the
wrappers. By this method the resistance which, should the vessels not have
been connected in this manner, the water would exert against the prows of the

page_text: vessels connected to and following the first one is entirely or in great part
done away with, and consequently a great saving will be effected in the power
required for towing. Provision must be made for easily connecting and
disconnecting any two or more vessels of the series.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING COAL, ORES, OR OTHER MINERALS OR SUBSTANCES FROM MINES, WHICH APPARATUS MAY BE ALSO EMPLOYED FOR RAISING AND LOWERING THE WORKMEN AND THEIR TOOLS OR IMPLEMENTS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th August 1863. A communication from abroad by Melchior Colson,
of Rue St. Sebastien, Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING COAL, ORES, OR OTHER
MINERALS OR SUBSTANCES FROM MINES, WHICH APPARATUS MAY BE ALSO EMPLOYED
FOR RAISING AND LOWERING THE WORKMEN AND THEIR TOOLS OR IMPLEMENTS,"
to be as follows:-
The improvements which form the subject of the present Invention consist
in the employment of a series or combination of several round cords or cables
for the purpose of raising and lowering loads in working mines instead of the
single flat cable hitherto employed for that purpose. These round cords are
passed round an upper and a lower drum; the upper drum may be driven in
either direction by any suitable motive power, and thereby made to com-
municate motion to the round cords; by this means a more efficient adherence
or bite of the ropes upon the drum is effected than has been hitherto obtained.
The improvements consist also in the application of any suitable heating
apparatus under the drum and around the cords to counteract the injurious
effects of humidity, which would tend to destroy the adherence of the ropes to
the drum. The cords are attached to iron traverses, by which the cages as
well as the lower drum are suspended, and the cages may be adjusted at any
required height by means of screws. The unloading (either total or partial) of

page_text: the cages which are drawn to the surface is commenced before those at bottom
rest entirely upon the apparatus for their reception. The total weight of the
cables, and also that of the cages and unloading vessels, and the lower drum,
rest upon the upper drum, which on being driven by any suitable motive power
in either direction, as above mentioned, will actuate the cables and raise the
material from the mine, or will raise or lower the workmen, and perform all
the service required by means of the bite or adherence of the ropes upon the
upper drum effected by the weight of the loads attached to the said ropes.
The advantage of this arrangement is that, even supposing a number of
the cords should wear out or break, the remainder would be sufficiently strong
to support the loads. The workmen may also be raised and lowered by means
of the same apparatus as that which serves to raise the coal or other product;
this will be effected with the greatest security, avoiding at the same time the
heavy expenses, which are incurred by the present plan.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BUCKLES FOR BRACE AND OTHER DRESS FASTENINGS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Brierley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
December 1863.
I, JOHN HENRY BRIERLEY, of Beech Hill Mills, Halifax, and 58, Alder-
manbury, London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BUCKLES FOR BRACE AND OTHER DRESS FASTENINGS," to be
as follows, to be as follows:-
Drawing 1 shews the shape or configuration of a plate of metal having a
portion cut or pierced out, as shewn at the part A, and another portion cut or
pierced out, as shewn at the parts C, and having a portion raised so as to form
a hook at the part D, and a part turned back having hole pierced, as shewn
by transverse section at the part B. E is the ordinary lever portion of a lever
buckle.
Drawing No. 3 is a transverse section of Drawing No. 1.
Drawing No. 2 shews the loop or catch which works upon hook D, and, as
shewn by transverse section, marked F, so that when the upper portion of
part F, as shewn by Drawing No. 2, is pressed down at the point C, it drops
into the hook D, and the parts from G to D and D to H acting as a spring,
the metal having been tempered with that intention, part F becomes secured
to hook D at parts I.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRACELETS AND OTHER ORNAMENTS FORMED OF PAPER OR PAPIER MACHE, OR OTHER SIMILAR MATERIAL
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas William Davenport and
Samuel Cole at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 24th December 1863.
We, THOMAS WILLIAM DAVENPORT and SAMUEL COLE, of Balsall Heath, in
the County of Worcester, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRACELETS AND
OTHER ORNAMENTS FORMED OF PAPER OR PAPIER MACHE, OR OTHER SIMILAR
MATERIAL," to be as follows, that is to say:-
Our Invention has for its object to supersede drilling in the manufacture of
bracelets, chains, or other ornamental articles formed of paper or papier machè,
or other similar material in blocks, beads, or numerous detached parts, which
require to be afterwards threaded or strung together. To effect this we insert
in the body of the paper or papier machè or other like material whilst in process
of being manufactured into the before-named articles, a core, by preference of
wire greased, which, when the block or form has been completed, is drawn out,
thus leaving a hole through it, through which the elastic or other thread or cord
may be passed; or by another mode we form the core of a small tube which
we leave in the material, and which thus answers the purpose of a channel for
the cord or thread; or by another mode we can plane a groove in one or
both parts of a block or form, and afterwards connecting the two parts
together, a channel will then be left for the cord. We thus avoid the labor of
drilling and the risk of splitting the material, the channel being put in during
the early stage of manufacture.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING DESIGNS UPON VELVETS, CLOTH, FURNITURE HANGINGS, AND SIMILAR MATERIALS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Thomas Hughes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
January 1863. A communication from abroad by Alphonse Eymin and
Jean Marie Tourres, of Vienne (Ssère) in the Empire of France.
I, EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes and Son, Patent
Agents, 123, Chancery Lane, London, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING DESIGNS UPON VELVETS, CLOTH,
FURNITURE HANGINGS, AND SIMILAR MATERIALS," a communication to me from
abroad by Alphonse Eymin and Jean Marie Tourres, of Vienne (Ssère),
in the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
In the manufacture of velvets, cloth, furniture hangings, and other fabrics,
to produce raised, friezed, or tufted designs thereon, I employ a warp of silk,
cotton, hemp, flax, or other similar material, with a long weft of wool, and so
am enabled to produce various designs on the fabrics.
To produce raised, friezed, or tufted designs on woollen fabrics, I use
woollen threads well twisted, which work close, and woollen threads not twisted
so much, by which I obtain the desired effect. These friezed or tufted designs
can be applied to all fabrics, such as carpets, velvets, furniture hangings,
materials for waistcoats, and for various other purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING BREAD, BISCUITS, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Vicars, the elder, Thomas
Vicars, the younger, and Thomas Ashmore at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 6th January
1863..
We, THOMAS VICARS, the elder,. THOMAS VICARS, the younger, and THOMAS
ASHMORE, all of Seel Street, Liverpool,.in the County of Lancaster, Engineers,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING BREAD, BISCUITS, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES," to
be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improved machinery or machines to be employed.
for mixing together materials into a dough or paste to be afterwards shaped
and made into loaves, biscuits, and other like articles. One of such said
machines consists of a framing carrying two upright shafts on which knives.
or beaters are fixed or disposed. in a helical or spiral direction, said shafts
receiving rotary motion through the agency of bevilled and spur gearing..
There is a table or platform connected to said framing, and on said platform
is placed a moveable trough or vessel containing the materials to be mixed;
together. The aforesaid platform and trough thereon can be either raised and;
lowered or have horizontal rotary motion imparted thereto either in connection.
with or independent of the vertical rotating shafts and bevilled gearing before.
mentioned during the time of mixing said materials together into a dough or
paste to be afterwards shaped as before stated. The other mixing machine.

page_text: above referred to consists of a trough supported by a suitable framing; said
trough, which may be either fixed or moveable, is furnished with a shaft
revolving horizontally therein, and around this said shaft a system of knives or
beaters are fixed and disposed in a helical or spiral direction, motion being
imparted to the aforesaid shaft and knives or beaters thereon, so as to mix
and incorporate the materials placed in said trough into a dough or paste
to be afterwards shaped into loaves, biscuits, or other like articles.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN BALING BOXES' USED IN PACKING COTTON OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Routledge and Frederick
Francis Ommanney at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 17th October 1863.
We, WILLIAM ROUTLEDGE and FREDERICK FRANCIS OMMANNEY, of the
Newbridge Foundry, Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
BALING BOXES' USED IN PACKING COTTON OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to
be as follows:-
Our improvements consist in the novel and peculiar arrangement and
adaptation of T-iron in contradistinction to angle iron hitherto used for strength-
ening and securing baling boxes used in packing cotton or other fibrous sub-
stances. Such arrangement may be described as follows:-Around the outer
surface, and completely embracing the box, are a series of T-bars of iron,
having their corners connected and secured together by joints, with the excep-
tion of the fourth corner or point of contact, where the first T-bar commences
at this point, the ends of the T-bars are so formed that the end of one shall fit
into a recess or notch formed in the other, and secured by a cotter or winged
nut; in connection with these cotters we employ a bar or lever extending the
whole length of the box, such lever being for the purpose of releasing the said
cotters, and so uncoupling the series of T-bars simultaneously.
AN IMPROVED RESPIRATOR
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Brown Rooff at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
February 1863.
I, WILLIAM BROWN ROOFF, of 7, Willow Walk, Kentish Town, in the
Parish of St. Pancras, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED RESPIRATOR," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists of a respirator, partly an improvement upon that
patented by me, dated the 21st day of September 1848, and Number 12,273.
The inlet tubes or passages are made to communicate with a chamber or
receptacle, into which can be placed at pleasure air, purifying materials, or
a piece of sponge or other suitable material for holding medicinal preparations
which impregnate the atmosphere before entering the lungs. A system of
valves is used similar in action to those described in my Patent dated as above,
by which the exhaled air is not allowed to pass through the chamber containing
the medicinal or purifying agents, but gives up its heat to the metal tubes,
which heat warms the inspired air before it reaches the purifying or
impregnating chamber on its way to the lungs.