Improvements in Compound Driving Gearing for Machinery for Cutting Metals.
Year: 1885

page_text: Improvements in Compound Driving Gearing for Machinery for
Cutting Metals.
I WILLIAM WILSON HULSE of the Ordsal Tool Works Salford in the County
of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of said invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOUND DRIVING GEARING FOR MACHINERY FOR CUTTING
METALS, to be as follows:-
The Machinery for Cutting Metals to which these Improvements are applicable may
be divided into three classes as follows:-1" That in which the cutting is done rota-
torily, such as for Turning, Drilling and Boring metals: 2nd That in which the
cutting in done rectilinearly (the rectilinear motion being produced by means of
cranks of variable throw) such as for shaping and slotting inetals. 3rd That in which
the cutting is done rectilinearly (the rectilinear motion being produced by a rack and
pinion or by a screw and nut,) such as for planing metals. In the case of each of
these three classes of machinery it is important to provide for varying the cutting
speed to suit the material which is to be operated upon, and in the case of the first
and second of these classes it is also important to provide for obtaining an approxi-
mation to uniformity in the cutting speed, whether the cutting tool is acting at large
or at small diameters in the case of the first named class of machinery, and whether
the throw of the crank is large or small, in the case of the second named class.
It often however happens that fewer variations have to be allowed for in the case
of the first named class of machinery, than in the case of the second class.-The
object of the present Improvements is to provide for complying with these
conditions more closely than has hitherto been common by means of a novel
arrangement of compound gearing, designed with a special view to simplicity in
its arrangement, and to minimising the trouble and expense arising from wear
and tear.
In the case of the first named class of machinery and sometimes in the case of
the second named class, the arrangement of the compound gearing is as follows:-
Upon the driving shaft are two spur wheels of differing diameters, which form
pairs with two respective spur wheels upon a second shaft; each of these pairs of
wheels can be put in or out of gear for the purpose of driving the second shaft, but
only one of the pairs can be in gear at one and the same time; a third shaft is
driven from the second one, through two alternative pairs of spur wheels, in a
similar manner to that in which the second shaft is driven from the driving shaft.
With this arrangement four different powers can be obtained with each speed of
071

page_text: the driving shaft. In some cases three or more alternative pairs of spur wheels
(instead of two as described above) may be employed for transmitting the power
from one shaft of the compound gearing to the next one in order to increase the
number of powers obtainable with each speed of the driving shaft.-In these cases
the number of different powers which can be obtained with each speed of the
driving shaft, is the product of the number of alternative pairs of spur wheels
through which the second shaft is driven, multiplied by the number of alternative
pairs of spur wheels through which the second shaft drives the third one.-In the
case of the third named class of machinery and sometimes in the case of the second
named class, the compound gearing is similar to that already described, omitting
the third shaft and the spur wheels through which it is driven from the second
shaft. In this case as many powers can be obtained with each speed of the driving
shaft as there are alternative pairs of spur wheels in the compound gearing.-In
compound gearing constructed according to the present improvements the arrange-
ment of wheels or pulleys (except " loose pulleys, if any) which rotate at a
different speed or in a different direction to the shafts which carry them is entirely
avoided.
"J.

page_text: Cutting Metals.
I WILLIAM WILSON HULSE of the Ordsal Tool Works, Salford, in the County
of Lancaster Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
The Machinery for cutting Metals to which these Improvements are applicable
may be divided into three classes as follows:-1st That in which the cutting is
done rotatorily, such as for Turning, Drilling, and Boring Metals; 2nd That in
which the cutting is done rectilinearly (the rectilinear motion being produced by
means of cranks of variable throw) such as for shaping and slotting metals;
3rd That in which the cutting is done rectilinearly (the rectilinear motion being
produced by a rack and pinion or by a screw and nut), such as for Planing Metals.
In the case of each of these three classes of machinery it is important to provide
for varying the cutting speed to suit the material which is to be operated upon,
and in the case of the first and second of these classes it is also important to provide
for obtaining an approximation to uniformity in the cutting speed whether the
cutting tool is acting at large or at small diameters in the case of the first named
class of machinery, and whether the throw of the crank is large or small in the
case of the second named class; it often however happens that fewer variations.
have to be allowed for in the case of the first named class of machinery than in
the case of the second one. The object of the present improvements is to provide
for complying with these conditions more closely than has hitherto been common
by means of a novel arrangement of compound gearing, designed with a special
view to simplicity in its arrangement and to minimising the trouble and expense
arising from wear and tear. In the case of the first named class of machinery and
sometimes in the case of the second, the arrangement of the compound gearing is
as follows:-Upon the driving shaft are two spur wheels of differing diameters,
which form pairs with two respective spur wheels upon a second shaft; each of
these pairs of wheels can be put in or out of gear for the purpose of driving the
second shaft, but only one of the pairs can be in gear at one and the same time;
a third shaft is driven from the second one, through two alternative pairs of spur
wheels, in a similar manner to that in which the second shaft is driven from the
driving shaft. With this arrangement four different powers can be obtained with
each speed of the driving shaft. In some cases three or more alternative pairs of
spur wheels (instead of two as described above) may be employed for transmitting
the power from one shaft of the compound gearing to the next one, in order to
increase the number of powers obtainable with each speed of the driving shaft.
In these cases the number of different powers which can be obtained with each
speed of the driving shaft, is the product of the number of alternative pairs of spur
wheels through which the second shaft is driven, multiplied by the number of
alternative pairs of spur wheels through which the second shaft drives the third
one. In the case of the third named class of machinery and sometimes in the case
of the second named class, the compound gearing is similar to that already
described, omitting the third shaft and the spur wheels through which it is driven
from the second shaft. In this case as many powers can be obtained with
each speed of the driving shaft as there are alternative pairs of spur wheels, in the
+44
處

page_text: compound gearing. In compound gearing constructed according to the present
improvements the arrangement of wheels or pulleys (except "loose" pulleys, if any)
which rotate at a different speed or in a different direction to the shafts which
carry them is entirely avoided.
In the accompanying drawings, Fig. A is a side elevation, and Fig. B an end
elevation shewing the headstock of a lathe fitted with compound gearing in
accordance with the present improvements. X is the lathe headstock, 1 the
driving shaft (having a five speed cone pulley 2), 3 a second shaft, 4 a third shaft:
and 5 the lathe spindle. On the driving shaft 1 are two spur wheels 6, 7, of
different diameters, which form pairs with two other respective spur wheels 8, 9,
on the second shaft 3. Each of these pairs of wheels 6. 8 and 7, 9. can be put in
or out of gear, for driving the second shaft, by sliding the wheels 8, 9, upon the
shaft 3; but only one pair can be in gear at one and the same time. Similarly,
the third shaft 4 is driven from the second shaft 3 through two other alternative
pairs of spur wheels 10, 12 and 11, 13, giving different powers. The wheels 10. 11..
are on shaft 3, and 12. 13 on shaft 4. On shaft 4 there is also a spur pinion 14,
and this gears into a spur wheel 15 on the face plate of the lathe. By means of
this gearing four distinct changes of wheel power are obtained, and these multiplied
by the number of steps or speeds in the cone pulley (viz: five) give a total of
twenty changes of power available to suit different working requirements.
Fig. C is a side elevation and Fig. D a back elevation shewing an application of
the present improvements to a Vertical Drilling Machine. X is the body of the'
machine, 1 the driving shaft provided with a four speed cone pulley 2, 3 the second
shaft, and 5 the drill spindle; 6, 7 are two spur wheels, of different diameters, on
the driving shaft, forming pairs with two other respective spur wheels 8, 9, on the
second shaft. These two pairs of wheels can be put in or out of gear, one at a
time, by sliding the wheels 6. 7 along the shaft 1. The drill spindle 5 is driven
from the second shaft by bevel wheels as shewn. With this arrangement of gearing
eight changes of power are obtained.
Fig. E is a side elevation and Fig. F an end elevation showing an application of
the present improvements to a Horizontal Boring Machine with a hollow centre.
X is the boring headstock, 1 the driving shaft fitted with fast and loose pulleys 2. 2¹;
3 and 4 are second and third shafts; these three shafts are provided with spur
wheels 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13 arranged correspondingly with the spur wheels
bearing the same numbers respectively, in Figs. A and B. On shaft 4 there is also
a spur wheel 14 gearing into a larger one 15, on a fourth shaft 16. On shaft 16
there is another spur wheel 17, smaller than 15 which gears into the spur wheel 18
on the hollow spindle of the boring headstock.
The fourth shaft 16 and its accessory wheels are introduced merely for the sake
of increasing the power, and do not enable any changes of power to be made-
Altogether four changes of power are obtainable with the gearing shown in
Figs. E and F.
Fig. G is an end elevation and Fig. Ha back elevation showing an application
of the present improvements to a Shaping Machine. X is the body of the machine.
Y the sliding carriage and Z the ram-1 is the driving shaft fitted with a four
speed cone pulley 2, 3 a second shaft, and 4 a third shaft mounted in the sliding
carriage Shaft 1 drives shaft 3 through the spur wheels 5, 10 keyed on the two
shafts respectively; these wheels serve merely for increasing the power and do not
enable any changes of power to be made. Shaft 3 drives shaft 4 through alter-
native spur wheels 6. 7 (on shaft 3) and spur wheels 8, 9 (on shaft 4), in a similar
manner to that in which shaft 1 drives shaft 3 in the Drilling Machine Figs. C. D.-
In the case of the Shaping Machine the wheels 6.7 are traversed along the shaft 3
when the sliding carriage is in motion-On shaft 4-(mounted in the sliding
carriage) is a spur pinion 11 driving a spur wheel 12, which actuates the crank
disc, 13, of the machine. In this case eight changes of power are obtainable.
Fig. K is an end elevation and Fig. La back elevation showing another appli-
cation of the present improvements to a Shaping Machine, In this case the driving

page_text: shaft 1 (Fig. K) drives the second shaft 3 as in the case of the Drilling Machine
Figs. C, D, and the weight of the wheels 6, 7, 8, 9 is not borne by the sliding
carriage as in Figs. G, H. On the shaft 3 is a sliding pinion 11 which drives a
spur wheel 12 as in Figs. G, H.
Fig. M is a side elevation and Fig. N a back elevation showing an application
of the present improvements to a Slotting Machine. In this case also the driving
shaft 1 drives the second shaft 3.as in the case of the Drilling Machine Figs. C. D;
and on the shaft 3 there is a spur pinion 11 driving a spur wheel 12, which is
keyed on the same shaft with the crank disc, 13, of the machine.
Fig. O is an end elevation and Fig. P. a side elevation showing an application
of the present improvements to a Planing Machine. X is the bed of the machine
Y Y are the uprights and Z the table, driven by rack and pinion 1, Fig. P, is a
stud supported at both ends-A pulley 2 (at the left hand in the Fig. O) and spur
wheels 6. 7 rotate together upon this stud connected with one another by a sleeve;
another pulley 2 (at the right hand in Fig. O) and a spur pinion 16 are also
connected together and rotate upon the stud; 2¹ is a loose pulley free to rotate by
itself on the stud-Motion is communicated to a shaft 3 through alternative pairs
of spur wheels 6, 8 and 7, 9, as in the case of the Drilling Machine Figs, C. D.
On shaft 3 is a spur pinion 11 gearing into a spur wheel 12 on a shaft 4; on
shaft 4 there is also a spur pinion 13 gearing into a spur wheel 14 on a shaft 5,
on which is the spur pinion 15 which gears into the rack on the underside of the
table-The wheels 11, 12 and 13, 14 serve for increasing the power, and do not
affect the number of changes of power which can be made; but the pairs of
wheels 6, 8 and 7, 9, enable two such changes to be made. The quick return
movement of the table is effected through the right hand pulley 2 and the pinion 16,
which gears into the spur wheel 12.
In the case of any of the arrangements of gearing which have been described,
modifications may be made for affording a greater number of changes of power,
either by increasing the number of alternative wheels on the shafts shown, or by
introducing into the train of gearing, one or more additional shafts and corresponding
alternative wheels.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. The arrangement of compound gearing for a lathe, substantially as shown and
described.
2. The arrangement of compound gearing for a Drilling Machine substantially
as shown and described.
3. The arrangement of compound gearing for a Boring Machine, substantially
as shown and described.
4. The arrangement of compound gearing for a Shaping Machine substantially
as shown in Figs. G, H, and described.
5. The arrangement of compound gearing for a Shaping Machine substantially
as shewn in Figs. K L and described.
6. The arrangement of compound gearing for a slotting Machine, substantially
as shown and described.
7. The arrangement of compound gearing for a Planing Machine, substantially
as shewn and described.
G
.
1000
W. LLOYD WISE,
Agent for the Applicant.