matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN BALL, BIB, AND OTHER VALVES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Duck and David Hancock at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th December 1876.
JOHN DUCK, of the City of London, and DAVID HANCOCK, of Stratford, in the
County of Essex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BALL, BIB, AND OTHER VALVES."
The object of this Invention is to ensure the more perfect closing of ball valves,
and bib cocks or valves, and other valves, thus preventing leakage. For this
purpose we make the inlet above the valve seat so that the pressure of the water or
other fluid assists in keeping the valve in its seat, all as herein-after described.
As applied to what is ordinarily called ball valves we arrange the inlet at the top
of the valve casting or body where the inlet pipe or bend is secured by a union or
cap and lining, or any other suitable way: The valve has its guide below the seat,
and the ball valve lever takes into or is connected to the guide. The lower part of
the casting is chambered so as to form a passage for the water by the side or around
the valve guide. When the ball lever goes down the valve is lifted from its seat
and opens, and when the ball lever goes up the valve is closed with the pressure of
the water, the ball lever also assisting.
Or according to another arrangement of ball valve we form the guide at the top
of the valve, connect the ball lever thereto, and form the water inlet above the valve
seating, but on one side of the body and opposite to the bracket for the ball lever
fulcrum. The ball lever acts as in the first described arrangement.
As applied to bib valves the stem or guide is continued out through the top,
where it is fitted with a weighted handle as usual. The guide or stem of the valve
is also above the side inlet fitted or provided with cup leather or other packing,
thus preventing leakage at that place. Or the valve may be arranged with the
guide below, as herein described with reference to ball valves. The weighted lever
is assisted by the fluid pressure when closing the valve.
The aforesaid arrangements may also be applied to stop valves and other valves.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NAILS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Simpson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd December 1876.
GEORGE SIMPSON, of Bristol, in the County of Gloucester. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF NAILS."
My Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of nails, including
ordinary sized nails, large nails or spikes, hold fasts, and the smaller varieties known
as brads, tacks, and the like.
The object of the said Invention is the manufacture of nails which will have
greater tenacity or holding power than ordinary nails, and which are designed to
be used in place of such ordinary nails for all purposes wherein it is necessary
or desirable to have very secure tight and durable work in building or other
operations.
My Invention is carried into practise by forming the nails with notches or
serrations on one side or edge only, so shaped as to permit the nail to be driven
easily and to resist its withdrawal from the place in which it is driven. I am
aware that it has already been proposed to manufacture nails with notches or teeth
on two opposite sides or edges, but these nails have been found deficient in strength
and are practically of very little usc. Now I have discovered that by forming the
said notches, teeth or serrations on one side or edge only of the nail I obtain the
great tenacity or holding power so much required without impairing the strength or
durability of the nails. And the holding power of my improved nails is so great
that nails much smaller than ordinary nails are sufficient for a given class of work.
These improved nails will be very advantageous for laying down floors and other
carpentering in houses or other buildings, for cabinet making, for packing cases or
boxes, for carriage building and the like. The large nails or spikes will serve in the
construction of large engineering and other works for securing purposes far better
than ordinary spikes, while the smaller varieties will be found very useful in the
manufacture of shoes and for other purposes where screws, screw pegs, and rivets
have hitherto been employed.

page_text: It will be understood that my improved nails are designed to be used only where
they are intended to remain permanently when driven, but as ordinary nails are
always readily obtainable and may be supplied with these improved nails the
difficulty of withdrawing the latter will not cause any inconvenience.
My improved nails may be manufactured of iron, steel, or other metal, and either
by cutting or stamping them from sheets of metal or by forging or casting them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES AND BOILERS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Strong, jnt., and Anthony Strong, both of Barrow-
in-Furness, in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FURNACES AND BOILERS."
ealed the 16th September, 1876, and dated the 22nd March 18
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Strong and Anthony
Strong at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd March
1876.
JOSEPH STRONG, jn³., and ANTHONY STRONG, both of Barrow-in-Furness, in the
County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES AND BOILERS."
The fire-bars used in fire-holes are usually made from malleable and cast iron, and
are of use only for keeping the coals or fire in its proper place. Now in place of
these we put tubes, as many tubes as there usually are iron bars required, or as
may be desired; by doing so, and connecting them with the boiler, and keeping
then constantly full of water, which by that means would, firstly, preserve the
tubes; secondly (and most important), would thereby increase the steam gain con-
siderably, as the water in the tubes would always be boiling, however low the fires
were, as the fire would be resting upon the tubes; this increase of steam would of
necessity save coal.
We effectuate this Invention in manner mainly as follows:-We have a hollow
tube connected to water space in boiler by flanges; this will feed all the tubes, if
necessary. At the far end of the grate there is also another water space, so that the
feeding goes on at both ends. Cross tubes are connected to water space in boiler to
support the long tubes or hollow fire-bars; all these being full of water an increase
of steam is easily got, and as the fire will rest on the tubes a saving of coal will be
effected, as the bars now in use do not in any way help to boil the water, but are
rather a hindrance; or one of the cross tubes, preferably the front one, may be
connected with the feed pipe, so that all the water that goes into the boiler will
have to pass first through the tubes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TABLES AND STANDS FOR SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Emanuel Shepherd, Fred Rothwell,
James Edward Hough, and Tom Rothwell at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents on the 5th December 1876.
EMANUEL SHEPHERD, FRED ROTHWELL, JAMES EDWARD HOUGH, and TOM
ROTHWELL, all of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Sewing Machine Manu-
facturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TABLES AND STANDS FOR
SEWING MACHINES."
This Invention relates to the method of supporting the drop leaf of the tables or
benches on which sewing machines are fixed, and consists principally in hinging the
support to the drop leaf itself instead of to the solid or unmovable portion of the
table or bench or to the iron framework of the machine as heretofore, and in the
automatic action of the support or point lever, which ou simply raising the drop
leaf into its place at once secures itself, and on being released so as to allow the leaf
to fall assumes an elevated position, so as to remain quite out of the way of the
knees of the operator.
The support or pointer lever (as before named) is hinged by means of a butt
hinge to the under side of the leaf, which latter is so hinged to the table or bench
that it can fall downwards, but cannot be raised up above the horizontal position,
and the said pointer lever is provided at its unhinged or free extremity with a point
similar to that of a screwdriver.
The cross rail of the iron frame of the machine is provided with a rack or notches,
and when the drop leaf is raised the point of the lever falls into one of these and
supports the leaf, the butt hinge preventing it from falling any further forward so
as to escape from the bar altogether, and when the pointer is released and the leaf
falls down, the pointer lever is thrown upwards by the cross rail, and remains quite
out of the way of the operator.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HAND AND POWER WASHING MACHINES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William John Beard and George
Stephenson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th October
1876.
WILLIAM JOHN BEARD and GEORGE STEPHENSON, of Kentish Town, in the County
of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HAND AND POWER WASHING MACHINES."
Our improvement in washing machines consists in an arrangement of parts
by means of which pressure is added to the stamping and beating or agitation of
the clothes or things to be washed.
In the
In
According to one part of our Invention, having reference to washing machines
where the tub revolves while the clothes are stamped or beaten by "dollys," our
improvement consists in hanging the dollys in such a way as to cause them when
at the bottom of the down stroke to exert a momentary pressure upon the clothes
and thus discharge the dirt or other foreign substance from the same.
ordinary washing machine the dollys are raised and let fall by means of cams.
our improved machine the dollys are attached to a lever or walking beam which
moves them up and down. The lever is seated in a slot of the standard which
supports it at about the center of and above the tub, fixed points in the lever
which take into the slot confining it to the standard at that point, which is thus
the center of motion. The object of the slot is to allow the lever to rise and fall in
its seat so as to produce the pressure spoken of, which takes place as follows, viz.,
when the downward motion of the lever brings down the dolly located at that end
of the lever the dolly will come to a stand still before the lever has finished its
movement; the movement continuing, the dolly becomes its fulcrum, the opposite
end of the lever being forced upward, and the lever rising in its seat or slot in the
standard aforesaid. In this way a powerful though momentary pressure is produced
by the dolly during the exercise of its temporary function as the fulcrum of the
lever.
According to another part of our Invention having reference to stationary
washing machines our improvement consists in applying pressure dollys sub-
stantially in manner aforesaid, the mode of application being varied according to
circumstances.
For hand washing machines we prefer to use two stationary or twin tubs, narrow
and high, somewhat like churns, one dolly in each, attached to a lever or walking

page_text: beam supported in a slotted standard as aforesaid, the standard being located
between the tubs, the motion of the lever and the pressure of the dolly being
effected by means of a crank, fly wheel, and connecting rod in the usual manner of
effecting such movements. To be worked by power any number of such stationary
tubs may be arranged in line, and the machinery be so applied as to alternately {
shift the pressure from one dolly to the other so as to obtain equal results at both
ends of the lever.
A NEW METHOD OF WORKING TELEGRAPHIC LINES AND ESPECIALLY SUBMARINE CABLES AND UNDER- GROUND LINES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Paul Nolet at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st March 1876.
PAUL NOLET, of University College, London, and 33, Hereford Road, Bayswater,
in the County of Middlesex, Student of Engineering. "A NEW METHOD OF
WORKING TELEGRAPHIC LINES AND ESPECIALLY SUBMARINE CABLES AND UNDER-
GROUND LINES."
A new disposition of the apparatuses for working telegraphic lines by which the
following advantages are gained
I. For submarine cables and underground lines the avoidance of the retardation
and prolongation of signals caused by induction, and consequently the placing of
such lines in as advantageous a condition for working as those whose working is not
affected by induction.
II. The instantaneous effect of breaking contact resulting from this method will
much facilitate the adoption of automatic systems of working.
III. The diminution of the effect of earth currents on submarine cables and
underground lines (the receiving instruments not being put to earth when the cable
is not working).
Figure I shows the whole system in repose. To the extremities of the cable C, C',
(taking a cable for example) are attached-1st, the keys A, A1; 2nd, the receiving
instruments B, B1, attached to the keys; 3rd, the batteries D, D¹. These batteries
have their poles of the same name (negative for instance) attached directly to the
instruments B, B, the opposite poles of the batteries being put to carth. In repose
the cable is simply a conductor attached to the poles of the same name of two
batteries, and therefore it is constantly charged with (in the given case negative)
electricity, which does not however affect the instruments, since no circuit is
established.
Figure II shows the mode of sending a signal. P speaking to Q, P depresses his
key (A) and thereby puts the cable to earth completing the circuit of the [D']
battery of Q, whose instrument (B¹) is consequently affected and receives a signal.
Instead of sending a current to produce a signal as in the method now in use, a
circuit is simply closed, and the cable being already charged the electricity has not
to travel through its whole length. The electro-motive force is engendered at the
receiving station, instead of being furnished by the sending station.

page_text: Figure III shows the breaking of contact. In this method it takes effect instan-
taneously, no discharge of the cable being necessary, and Q's instrument is instan-
taneously out of circuit, and consequently stopped whatever may be the length of
the line. The cable reassumes its first condition, becoming again a neutral conductor
charged with [negative] electricity.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SODA ASH AND OTHER SALTS, AND IN FURNACES THEREFOR, APPLICABLE ALSO IN PART TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Riley at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 30th March 1876.
JOHN RILEY, of Saint Helen's, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF SODA ASH AND OTHER SALTS, AND IN FURNACES THEREFOR,
APPLICABLE ALSO IN PART TO OTHER PURPOSES."
In black ash revolving furnaces as usually constructed the ingredients under-
going manipulation revolving round to some extent with the furnace get
discoloured with smoke, and also the smoke abutting against the revolving bed
upon which the stuff has to be still further spoils the color of the ash. Now my
Invention consists in rocking the furnace instead of making it revolve. This can
be done in a great variety of ways. I prefer, however, placing a rack partially
round it, into which a toothed pinion turns. When the charge is finished, the rack
being turned round further than usual, the contents can be emptied. The mouth
or discharging door of the furnace or converter can then be brought on a level with
a moveable top bed or calcining furnace and a fresh charge at once shoved in. The
gaseous products of combustion escaping from the rocking furnace pass over the
top bed above described so as to dry and heat the salt cake, limestone, and coke
preparatory to their being emptied into the rocking furnace. The effluent gases then
pass under the evaporating pans. Sometimes the furnace is simply put on rockers
and rocked by any available power. This rocking furnace is applicable to a variety
of chemical and metalurgical purposes, but it is chiefly in regard to black ash
furnaces and soda manufacture that this my Invention is designed.
AN IMPROVED DIPPING CUP FOR INKSTANDS AND OTHER RECIPIENTS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Emile Gaspard Guérin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th June 1876.
EMILE GASPARD GUÉRIN, of 60, Ruc de Rome, Paris, in France. "AN IMPROVED
DIPPING CUP FOR INKSTANDS AND OTHER RECIPIENTS."
This Invention relates to an improved dipping cup applicable to inkstands and
other recipients for liquids of which it is desired to prevent escapes when accidentally
overset or shaken.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawing is a vertical section of this arrangement.
Figure 2 represents the cup set as a fixture in the movable collar of an inkstand.
Figure 3 represents a movable cup applicable to existing inkstands.
a is a truncated cone in metal, porcelaine, glass, or other suitable material screwed
or otherwise set in an outer shell b, b, the open bottom of which is also of a conical
forme; c, Fig. 2, is a collar, in which is secured the double cup a, b, when designed
for any special for of inkstand or other vessel. When intended for use in existing
inkstands or other vessels not specially made for its reception the cup is provided
(in lieu of the above) with a packing collar d, d, Fig. 3, of cork, caoutchouc, or other
elastic material, by means of which it is adjusted and maintained in position.
IMPROVING FURS AND SKINS BY TINTING THE TIPS OF THE HAIR WITH A METALLIC POWDER
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francois Canard at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th May 1870.
FRANCOIS CANARD, of 152, Route de Versaille, and No. 1, Ruc Jouvenét Auteuil,
both in Paris, in the Republic of France, and No. 40, Charlotte Street, Fitzroy
Square, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVING FURS AND SKINS BY TINTING
THE TIPS OF THE HAIR WITH A METALLIC POWDER."
1. In applying to the tips of the hair of skins and furs of all descriptions
varnish or other glutinous matter by means of a brush.
2. In the application thereto of powdered gold, silver, tin, zinc, or other
powered metal by means of a brush, or in any other similar manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF OBTAINING GAS FOR ILLUMINATING PURPOSES, AND OF OBTAINING AND APPLYING THE PRODUCTS OF COAL BY DISTILLATION Of THE SAME
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Reginald James Blewitt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st March 1876.
REGINALD JAMES BLEWITT, of Upper Norwood, in the County of Surrey, Esquire.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF OBTAINING GAS FOR ILLUMINATING PURPOSES,
AND OF OBTAINING AND APPLYING THE PRODUCTS OF COAL BY DISTILLATION Of
THE SAME."
Having discovered that the present system of obtaining gas for illuminating
purposes and for the distillation of coal is founded on erroneous principles, I discard
it altogether and proceed as follows:-
By means of a hood, bottomless cage, or air-tight chamber I collect the gas
naturally emanating from coal, and by any kind of aperture with tube and stop-
cock let it out at once into a gas holder, from whence it may be conveyed to its
intended destination in pipes of iron or bamboo (if I shall think fit to adopt the
latter mode of conveyance according to the manner of the Chinese). In order to
render the gas innocuous in a coal mine, I extract the same by means of a bore hole
and tube on the principle of that used for an artesian well, the tube to be two
inches in diameter, and extending from the deepest part of the coal intended to be
worked to such a height above the surface of the ground as may be possible or
desirable. The gas may then be passed into a gas holder and conveyed in pipes as
before-mentioned.
From the hold of a ship I extract the gas by a smaller bore hole and tube
through the deck, and by means of pipes convey it to any part of the ship for
warmth, light, cooking, or signalling. Availing myself of the well known effect of
chlorine gas upon the olefiant gas, I propose, when I think fit, to convert the latter
into an etherial oily fluid, which when ignited burns with a red light, and to uso
such fluid in a lamp or any similar contrivance.
I propose to obtain and increase the quantity of cyanogen and ammonia by
promoting the separation of the nitrogen from oxygen in atmospheric air, and the
decomposition of the hydrogen and oxygen in water, and by the decomposition of
such clements. Instead of converting the sulphur usually contained in coal as iron
pyrites or sulphuret of calcium into hydro-sulphuric acid gas, I extract the former
by promoting and awaiting its decomposition and natural re-arrangement in strata,
as described in a work on gas published by Mr. Samuel Hughes; and as to the
latter I convert it by means of chloride of sodium, obtainable by the boiling and
evaporation of sea salt, into sulphuret of sodium, one of the principal ingredients for
[Price 2d.1

page_text: producing an artificial lapis lazuli or ultramarine. As the sulphur separated from
the iron pyrites will be in a state of great purity, I dispose of it as a marketable
commodity, and the iron or magnetic waste of iron also.
As to all the products arising from the distillations of coal, I produce them in the
usual manner,
but with far less expense and without any of the offensive odours
which accompany the present system.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TURNING LATHES AND APPLICABLE TO OTHER MACHINE TOOLS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John McNeil at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th June 1876.
JOHN MCNEIL, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TURNING LATHES AND APPLICABLE TO OTHER MACHINE TOOLS."
This Invention has for its object the providing of turning lathes and other
machine tools with simple self-acting mechanism to enable them to turn, plane, or
shape rods or bars with a "barrelled" or curvilinear contour instead of a straight
or parallel one.
In the case of a lathe, and according to one modification, the upper or transversely
moving slide of the slide rest or toolholder has connected to it by a joint one end
of a bar which is jointed at or near its other end to a pin carried by a disc or wheel
mounted opposite to the slide rest on a stud fixed to the saddle. The disc or wheel
is formed with external or internal teeth and is turned by a pinion, which through
any convenient spur or bevil wheel gearing derives its motion from a rack fixed to
the lathe shears in consequence of the longitudinal movement of the saddle as the
turning operation proceeds. The pin connecting the bar to the wheel or disc can be
adjusted at different distances from the centre, and the comparatively slow rotation
of the disc or wheel imparts a slow transverse movement to the tool, such as with
the longitudinal movement thereof, to give a curved shape to the work.
In the case of planing, shaping, and other machine tools, the mechanism is modified
to suit the arrangements of each, the essential feature being the combination of a
transverse movement produced by a pin on a revolving piece with a longitudinal
movement in concert with which the piece revolves.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN TRICYCLES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard George Jack at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd December 1876.
RICHARD GEORGE JACK, of Hampton Court, in the County of Middlesex. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN TRICYCLES."
Two ordinary bicycle wheels about four feet in diameter are connected by an
axle bearing two 3-inch cranks immediately inside the wheels. These cranks aro
opposed to each other, i.c., when one is up the other is down. The third wheel,
a small one about one foot in diameter, is fixed in an upright fork which is carried
by a pivot joint at the end of a backbone about 3 feet 6 inches long. To the
front end of this backbone is attached a cross bar about 12 inches long. From this
cross bar descends a braced framework about 11 inches wide and 10 inches long
carrying a cross bar below, to which treadles are fixed. This lower cross bar is again
braced by strong rods shaped like the letter Y turned upside down, either end of
the inverted Y being fixed to the descending frame, the middle of the Y being
pierced by the backbone, and the tail of the Y sticking up to carry the seat with
the steering apparatus. The seat is borne on a cross bar on the upper end of the
Y, running fore and aft, and in the front end of this cross bar is an upright bar
fixed in a socket in which it turns, the lower end of this upright carrying a wheel
to which is affixed guide ropes to steer the back wheel like the rudder of a boat.
To the upper front edge of the descending framework are fixed two roller bearings
which stand horizontally forward and carry the main axle. Connecting rods pass
from the cranks of the axle to the treadles below and so work the front wheels.
Of the two larger wheels one is fixed to the crank axle the other turns loose on it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FOUNDATION OF THE SURFACE OF SKATING RINKS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION_left by George Clark at the Office Of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th January 1876.
GEORGE CLARK, of No. 10, Craven Buildings, Drury Lane, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FOUNDATION OF THE SURFACE OF SKATING
RINKS."
This Invention relates to the mode of constructing the foundation of the surface
of skating rinks.
The improvements herein-after described are especially adapted to a skating
surface composed of asphalte or any other bituminous compound, but it is also
applicable as a foundation to any skating surface composed of cement or other
material.
The foundation usually laid for the surface coat of skating rinks is concrete
covered with cement floated to a level surface, but it is difficult if not impossible to
obtain a dead level all over the area of the rink with such materials as concrete
and cement, which are liable to partial subsidence, and being effected by the
dampness of the ground, and influenced by wet weather or frost to a degree which
is sometimes embarrassing and notwithstanding the greatest care causes cavities in
the surface, thereby rendering the work imperfect. To obviate these difficulties I
have devised a plan of foundation for the top coat, which forms the surface of
skating rinks, and this plan, of which the following is a description, constitutes my
said Invention. I first have the ground over which the skating surface of the rink is
to be laid, levelled and well rammed after the manner a foundation is laid for stone
paving, using for the purpose if required ballast and grouting. On this foundation
I lay a wood flooring similar to the flooring of a room or warehouse. For the
protection of the joists from unidity I lay them on narrow piers of concrete raised a
few inches above the level of the ground foundation. On these joists I fasten
flooring boards in the ordinary way, and over this flooring when so laid I place a
coating of felt, of which quarter to half an inch will be a suitable thickness.
By preference I use the material known as felt roofing, which is felt saturated
with tar; this felt covering being securely fastened to the flooring boards I coat it
all over with a hot solution of asphalte or other bituminous material which
hardens quickly and forms a good adhesive basis for a layer of hot asphaltum,
If it is
mastic, or any other bituminous compound of any required thickness.
intended to form the surface coat of the rink of cement I sprinkle over and press
ED 077

page_text: into the solution whilst hot a coating of sand, whereby a good adhesive surface on
which to lay the cement is obtained.
To keep the foundation dry I dig a trench all round the rink to sufficient depth
to carry off any water rising from the ground, or the result of rain fall as well as
that thrown on the rink for the purpose of cleaning it.
To preserve the woodwork from decay I propose creosoting or otherwise
preserving the rafters and planks, and leaving openings in the direction of the
joists to establish ventilation between them and under the boards.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ČON- NECTING SERVICE PIPES WITH DRAINS TO PREVENT SEWAGE GASES ENTERING BUILDINGS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Greenhill, of Hampton Court, in the County of
Middlesex, Clerk of Works, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ČON-
NECTING SERVICE PIPES WITH DRAINS TO PREVENT SEWAGE GASES ENTERING
BUILDINGS."
Sealed the 26th January 1877, and dated the 21st November 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Greenhill at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st November 1876.
if
WILLIAM GREENHILL, of Hampton Court, in the County of Middlesex, Clerk of
Works. IMPROVEMENTS IN CONNECTING SERVICE PIPES WITH DRAINS TO PREVENT
SEWAGE GASES ENTERING BUILDINGS."
1
This Invention has for its object improvements in connecting service pipes with
drains to prevent sewage gases entering buildings. I make a severance between
the service pipes and the sewers and drains; I cause the service pipe to terminate in
an oblique orifice or mouth, to which I apply a self-acting valve or valves.. These
valves are so weighted that although they will open freely to allow drainage to
escape from them, they will close immediately afterwards to prevent air entering
the house by the service pipe. The service pipe is caused to discharge the drainage
into the open mouth of a syphon trap which is in communication with the drain or
sewer.
The arrangements which I prefer for the purpose of carrying out my said Inven-
tion are indicated on the Drawings annexed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Greenhill in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 19th May
1877:
WILLIAM GREENHILL, of Hampton Court, in the County of Middlesex, Clerk of
Works:
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CONNECTING SERVICE PIPES WITH DRAINS TO PREVENT
SEWAGE GASES ENTERING BUILDINGS."

page_text: This Invention has for its object improvements in connecting service pipe with
drains to prevent sewage gases entering buildings. I make a severance between
the service pipes and the sewers and drains; I cause the service pipe to terminate in
an oblique orifice or mouth, to which I apply a self-acting valve or valves. These
valves are so weighted that although they will open freely to allow drainage to
escape from them, they will close iminediately afterwards to prevent air entering
the house by the service pipe. The service pipe is caused to discharge the drainage
into the open mouth of a syphon trap which is in communication with the drain or
j
sewer.
The arrangements which I prefer for the purpose of carrying out my said Inven-
tion are indicated on the Drawings annexed.
What I claim is the application of self-acting valves together with syphon traps
in connecting service pipes with drains, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Greenhill, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Eighteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-seven.
WILLIAM GREENHILL. (LS.)

page_text: of Drain trap and Servicepripre
with shaped Outlets fitted with
Self-aling Valves and Bi-valves
to prevent Sewage-Gases enter-
ing Buildinós.
(1 SHEET)
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGISTER- ING THE FARES PAID BY PASSENGERS IN TRAMWAY CARS AND OTHER VEHICLES."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th February 1876. A communication
from abroad by James Sangster, Hugh M. Clay, George H. Van Vleck, and
Job S. Jawley, all of Buffalo, New York, United States of America.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGISTER-
ING THE FARES PAID BY PASSENGERS IN TRAMWAY CARS AND OTHER VEHICLES."
A communication.
This Invention relates to improvements in fare registers for public vehicles,
but more especially for street cars where there is a small number of different
fares. Its object is to provide the means for recording every fare collected and
to show clearly to the passenger that the proper fare has been recorded by the
conductor.
It relates first to the combination of a bell or other equivalent means for
producing an alarm, a pawl and handle for operating it, and a movable disc or plate
for showing to the passenger, by presenting a number or word through an opening
for the purpose, that the right fare has been recorded, there being upon the said.
disc a number of figures or words showing the exact amount of each and every
fare used on the road, the arrangement being such that every time a record of a
fare is made, the corresponding number representing it will be presented, so as
to be plainly seen, and so that said number or character will remain in sight until
a different fare has been registered.
The said Invention relates secondly to an alarm device, and it consists in the
combination with the mechanism for moving the register of a spring having the
hammer connected thereto, and a thin plate set at an angle or curved with a
stationary pin, the arrangement being such that when the recording device is
moved forward until the end of said plate passes the pin it springs past it and
a blow is struck by the hammer upon the bell. On the return movement said
plate passes to the opposite side of the stationary pin until its opposite end springs
by it. The length of said plate can be regulated so that the alarm cannot be given
until the action of the registering device is complete.

page_text: This register is designed to be fastened to the inside of a car or other vehicle,
and operated by means of one or more cords or straps so arranged as to be
conveniently reached by the conductor from any part of the vehicle, or by a rod
that shall move one register by turning it in one direction and the other by turning
it in an opposite direction.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN WOODEN STRUCTURES AND IN THE UTILIZING OF WASTE MATERIAL EMPLOYED THEREFOR."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugo Westman at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th February 1876.
HUGO WESTMAN, of Worcester Wharf, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick.
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN WOODEN STRUCTURES AND IN THE UTILIZING OF
WASTE MATERIAL EMPLOYED THEREFOR."
The Invention relates to the construction of buildings composed of wood, and
is designed for the purpose of facilitating and expiditing the erection of such
structures, and also utilizing therefor such scraps or pieces of timber known in the
trade as "short ends" or pieces usually converted into firewood, or. the refuse of
joiners' shops, the cuttings obtained from the branches and squaring of English
timber, and the like.
These pieces of wood, when being utilized for the purpose of my Invention, I first
shape or cut into sizes producing the least waste so as to form a square, rectangular,
or other geometrically shaped block.
These blocks are secured together by tonguing and grooving, by preference in
parallel lines upon their horizontal surfaces and singly endwise, in such a manner
that draughts and weather will be effectually excluded; or the said blocks may be
secured by cementing, nailing, or screwing them together in layers or courses
(similar to the process employed when building with ordinary bricks), so as to fill
in the interstices or spaces formed between the uprights, braces, and framework of
the building, in which position they form solid walls, which give increased strength
and stability to the whole structure.
Each block represents the thickness of the walls of which it composes a part, and
can be varied to suit the purpose and character of the building, and also the climate
in which such building is situated.
The walls when secured together in manner aforesaid require no inside or outside
boarding, so that the strength, quality, and substance of each portion of the
structure, such as the sills, wall plates, uprights, braces, and the like, upon which
stability of construction so much depends, can be seen and examined.
By this novel employment of wooden blocks for building purposes decorative
treatment is greatly facilitated, as elaborate panel work and geometrical designs can
be introduced at a trifling cost by merely arranging the blocks so as to present
[Price 2d.1

page_text: different surfaces, projections, and elevations according to taste, wbich when stained
and colored will produce novel and rich designs.
The inside walls, if desired, can be boarded, plastered, painted, or otherwise
finished, and the wooden blocks of which the building is composed can also be
saturated with a chemical solution, which will in a measure make them fire-proof.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Warsop at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th May 1876.
GEORGE WARSOr, of Number 76, Royal Terrace, Queen's Walk, in the Town of
Nottingham, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in roller skates.
For this purpose I provide beneath the foot stand of the skate two transverse
axles which are carried in bearings rigidly fixed to the foot stand. These axles
each carry a pair of wheels, one wheel at either end. But the part of the axle on
which the wheel is mounted and turns is not in straight continuation of the part
of the axle within the bearing for the axle is cranked, at one end it is cranked
forward and at the other end backward. This arrangement allows the foot stand
to incline either way whilst the wheels are kept running on the ground, the axle
turning partly round in the bearings which connect it with a foot stand. The
same motion of the axle is made to set the wheels to run in a curved course. To
this end the parts of the axles upon which the wheels are mounted are not made
parallel to the parts of the axles within the bearings but are inclined thereto at a
small angle. The effect which this inclination has on the course in which the
wheels will travel is varied by the partial rotation of the axles which the inclination
of the foot stand induces, and so whenever the skater leans to one side the wheels
will always tend to run along a curve concave on that side.
I also according to my Invention employ spring wheels for roller skates. The
wheel is divided into three discs, the two outer discs are fixed to or formed with
the boss or centre of the wheel. Between the fixed discs there is a loose disc or
ring of somewhat larger diameter, it surrounds the boss or centre, but is not in
contact with it, there being between the boss and the loose disc or ring another or
inner ring of vulcanized india-rubber which serves as a spring, and when the foot
stand is inclined the india-rubber ring of one wheel is compressed so as to allow
the outer or smaller disc to run on the ground, while on the other side the weight
on the other wheel not being so great the wheel runs in its normal position or on
the larger centre disc, and by reason of the diameters of the wheels being thus
virtually unequal the wheels will always tend to run along a course concave on
that side to which the skater lean's.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM PUMPS OR PUMPING ENGINES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Wolstenholme at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th October 1876.
JOHN WOLSTENHOLME, of Radcliffe Bridge, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM PUMPS OR PUMPING ENGINES."
My Invention relates to the description of pumps which have steam valves
controlled without the aid of revolving shafts, and consists of arrangements for
effecting the movements of the said valves.
In an engine constructed in accordance with my Invention the main steam valve
is actuated by a sliding piston to which steam is admitted by means of two
auxilliary slide valves which are actuated by a sliding rod which receives motion
from the main piston or pump rod. The said sliding piston is fitted in a bored
chamber formed in the valve chest cover or in a part fixed thereto, and the seatings
for the said auxiliary valves are formed on the casting in which the said chamber
is formed. Each auxiliary valve covers and uncovers a port which opens into one
end or the other of the said chamber.
The two auxiliary valves are screwed upon the said sliding rod, or are connected
therewith by means of nuts which are screwed upon the said rod.
The screw threads formed on the said sliding rod are right hand and left hand,
so that when the said rod is rotated in one direction the two valves approach
nearer to each other, and are separated when the said rod is rotated in the reverse
direction, the action of the valves being thereby adjusted. Adjustable collars on
the said sliding rod are brought alternately into contact with the main valve as the
said rod slides to and fro, a starting movement being thereby imparted to the said
valve. Each auxiliary valve has a groove or depression on its face which is in
communication with a passage leading into the exhaust passage.
The said sliding rod is connected by means of a link with one end of a second
link which is jointed by the other end to a part fixed on the piston rod, the con-
nection of the said rod with the link being such as will admit of the said rod being
rotated in order to effect the adjustment of the auxiliary valves. A stud on the
second link passes through a slot in the end of a link which is jointed to a fixed
part of the engine. As the piston rod nears either end of its stroke, the said stud

page_text: reaches the end of the said slot, and the said second link then becomes a lever and
imparts a sliding movement to the said sliding rod, the effect of which is to admit
steam to one end or the other of the aforesaid sliding piston, whereby the main
slide valve is actuated to effect the necessary reversal of motion of the main piston.
The said adjustable auxiliary valves may be employed in concert with other 5
arrangements for imparting the necessary movements to the said valves.
STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES AND JARS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Margotti at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th September 1876.
JAMES MARGOTTI, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster.
IN STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES AND JARS."
"IMPROVEMENTS
My Invention relates to the closing of bottles for containing aerated and
fermented liquids and beverages, and of bottles and jars for other purposes.
I employ a valve or stopper formined of vulcanized caoutchouc, which is tightened
on to the mouth of the bottle by means of a lever, to which is jointed the two ends
of a metal piece which is attached to the valve or stopper. The lever is so formed
ns that when pressed down the joint with the said metal piece passes the line of
connection with the lever and stopper so that the strain upon the stopper does not
move the lever so as to release the stopper The said lever and metal piece may be
made of wire, and the said lever may be hinged to a wire clip fixed on the bottle or
Jar. I form the said stopper with a shank which passes through a washer of metal,
glass, or other suitable material, the wire piece which connects the stopper with the
said lever passing through the said shank.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Nathan Dack at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th November 1876.
"s
WILLIAM NATHAN DACK, of Patricroft, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS."
My Invention is particularly applicable in constructing the cylindrical flues of
steam boilers, and in connecting the said flues to the ends of the boiler.
In order to compensate for the expansion and contraction of the flues it is
necessary to make an elastic joint between the cylindrical plates forming the flue,
and I effect this in the following manner :-At each end of each plate a bell-mouthed
flange is bent up at an angle of about 45°, and the two adjacent flanges are coupled
by an angle ring of larger diameter than the flue, the flanges of each plate being
rivetted to each side of the angle ring. This angle ring may be rolled out of an
ingot without welding, or a plate of the proper width and length may be bent to
the diameter required and welded, the required angle section being obtained
by afterwards rolling in an ordinary circular rolling mill, such as is now used in
rolling tyres.
When the products of combustion pass through a flue constructed in the manner
above described they will pass without impinging against the double thickness of
metal of the joint, in consequence of the angle ring being of a larger diameter than
the flue.
The above joint strengthens the flue and prevents collapsing.
Another part of my Invention consists in connecting the end of the flue to the
end plate of the boiler by an angle ring, the inner flange of which fits within the
inside of the flue instead of outside as usual; by this means the front plate of the
boiler is not held so rigidly as in the ordinary mode of construction.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN BOLT FASTENINGS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Beall, of Willow Walk, Park Rd., Crouch End, in
the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN BOLT FASTENINGS."
Scaled the 30th September 1876, and dated the 10th April 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Beall at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 10th April 1876.
THOMAS BEALL, of Willow Walk, Park Rd., of Crouch End, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN BOLT FASTENINGS."
This Invention has for its object an improvement in bolt fastenings to prevent
them becoming unfastened by shaking or otherwise when fixed upon doors or other
places to be secured.
In carrying out my Invention, which is most simple, I cause to be cut in the side
guides of bolts as usually constructed recesses corresponding in shape and size to the
lever or handle actuating an ordinary bolt fastening, whereby the said lever or
handle drops into the recess nearest the position the bolt is intended to remain at,
and so locks and prevents it turning round which often occurs with bolts fitted
without my improvement.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Thomas Beall in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 9th October 1876.
THOMAS BEALL, of Willow Walk, Park Road, Crouch End, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN BOLT FASTENINGS."
First. This Invention has for its object an improvement in bolt fastenings to
prevent them becoming unfastened by shaking or otherwise when fixed upon doors
or other places to be secured.
In carrying out my Invention, which is most simple, I cause to be cut in the side
guides of bolts as usually constructed recesses corresponding in shape and size to the
lever or handle actuating an ordinary bolt fastening, whereby the said lever or
handle drops into the recess nearest the position the bolt is intended to remain at,

page_text: Fig. 1 shews a front view of bolt with Invention applied; Fig. 2, a side view of
ditto showing recesses for lever or handle to drop into. The letters refer to both
Drawings.
A, A, A, shows the bolt plate; B, B, the saddles holding bolt down; C, C, the
side guides; D, the bolt handle or lever; E, E, E, the recesses into which the bolt
handle or lever drops.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention I would have it under-
stood that what I claim is, causing to be cut in the side guides of ordinary bolts
recesses corresponding in shape and size to the lever or handle actuating such bolt
for the purpose of more effectually locking and keeping it in the desired position.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Beall have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Third day of October, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight-hundred and seventy-six.
Witness,
THOMAS BEALL, JUN³.
THOMAS BEALL. (L.S.)