IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTAL PAPER AND PAPER BANDS
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Evans, of Abbot's Langley, in the County of
Hertford, Paper Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTAL PAPER AND PAPER BANDS."
Sealed the 12th September 1854, and dated the 29th May 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Evans at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
May 1854.
I, JOHN EVANS, of Abbot's Langley, in the County of Hertford, Paper
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTAL PAPER AND PAPER BANDS'
to be as follows:-
In ornamenting paper according to my Invention, I insert by suitable
machinery a web of bobbin net lace or other reticulated or loosely woven fabric
into the pulp during the formation of the paper; I thereby add greatly to the
strength of the paper.
I obtain the like effect of ornamentation on enamelled and colored papers
by subjecting the sheets to great pressure between metallic plates or rollers,
with a web of lace or other textile fabric applied either to the colored or blank
side of the paper, whereby I produce the pattern upon the face of the paper.
Paper strengthened by the insertion of a web of bobbin net or other similar

page_text: fabric within its substance, or of threads of silk or other material, (as specified
in Letters Patent granted heretofore to John Dickinson, of Nash Mills,
Herts, I employ in the formation of bands, or wrappers for lace, and other
manufactured articles.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Evans in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 29th
November 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
EVANS, of Abbot's Langley, in the County of Hertford, Paper Manufacturer.
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of May, in the year. of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the seventeenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Evans, Her special license that I, the said John Evans,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John
Evans, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF ORNAMENTAL PAPER AND PAPER BANDS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said John Evans, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of tho said. Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Evans, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement,
reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and
figures marked thereon (that is to say) :—
This Invention relates, first, to the manufacture of paper, shewing the
pattern of a reticulated or woven fabric upon it. This ornamental appearance
I obtain either by the introduction of lace or other open woven fabric into the

page_text: body of the paper during the process of manufacture, or by subjecting coloured
paper, either pulp-dyed, or surface-coloured, or enamelled, to great pressure
between metallic plates or rollers, while a picce of lace or other fabric of the
pattern which I desire to impart to the paper lies in contact therewith, whereby
an indentation of the threads is produced on the surface of the paper.
The paper ornamented by the introduction of the open textile fabric during
its manufacture is also greatly strengthened thereby, and rendered particularly
applicable to the manufacture of bands for wrapping up lace or other articles;
its application to which manufacture forms the second part of my Invention.
I will now describe the method by which I introduce a web of bobbin net or
other open textile fabric into the substance of paper'at the time of its manu-
facture from the pulp. I take a piece of bobbin net or the open textile fabric
which I wish to introduce into the paper, of suitable width for the paper I am
about to make, and of any required or convenient length; this web I then
wind upon a suitable reel or cylinder, which is mounted near the paper-making
machine, as hereafter described. The description of paper-making machine
that I employ is that known as the cylinder or air paper machine, which was
the subject of Letters Patent formerly granted to John Dickinson. In the
accompanying diagram so much of this machine is shewn as will serve to explain
the mode of my proposed manufacture. A represents the reel or cylinder upon
which the net or open textile fabric is wound, supported above the vat in a
suitable frame on bearings for its axis B; and C and D are guide rolls for
conducting the net in its way to the paper-making cylinder F, covered with
wire gauze, and revolving in the direction shewn by the arrow in a vat of pulp:
E, the surface of the pulp being below the top of the cylinder. As the paper
is formed by this well-known process upon the surface of this cylinder, the lace
is drawn off from the reel or cylinder A and incorporated into the paper, which,
as made, is detached from the making cylinder F, and carried off by the endless
felt G, and conducted by it to undergo the process of successive and gradual.
pressure by means of press rolls, in the same manner as is at present in use for
the manufacture of copper-plate and other paper. The machine being put in
motion, and the process of paper-making going on in the usual manner, I take
the end of the web of net and pass it over the roll C, and behind the roll D,
and let it, down into the pulp in the vat. The current of pulp will quickly.
attach it to the surface of the partly formed paper upon the cylinder F, the:
rotation of which will draw it off the reel A.
The object of the roll D is to prevent the net being drawn too early into
contact with the paper-making cylinder F, inasmuch as it is requisite that part:
:

page_text: of the substance of the paper shall first be formed and deposited thereon by the
percolation of the water from the pulp through the surface of the cylinder, from
the interior of which it passes away through an open tubular axis. After thus
arriving in contact with the cylinder F, on which a considerable deposit of pulp
and formation of paper has taken place, the net is covered by the further de-
position of pulp upon and around it, so that it is fully incorporated into and
forms part of the paper, which is carried along by the felt G and consolidated
by the pressure, as above stated, after which it is dried in the usual manner by
passing over drying cylinders, and is finally wound upon a reel at the end of
the machine; it is then ready to be cut into sheets of the size required. The
position of the net in the body of the paper can be regulated by the position of
the roll D, so that it can be brought nearer to or farther from the surface of the
making cylinder as required. If the paper thus manufactured be intended for
the formation of bands for wrapping up lace or other articles, I prefer using a
bobbin net or other open textile fabric, the warp threads of which are but little
distorted from a straight line, so as to strengthen the paper as much as possible;
and in applying it to the manufacture of paper bands, I cut them in such a
manner from the paper that a number of the warp threads may run through
each band in the direction of its length.
Having now described one mode of manufacturing ornamental paper, and
the application of paper manufactured according to this plan (that is, with a
textile fabric embodied in its substance,) to the formation of bands for wrapping
round lace and various articles, I will proceed to explain the manner of
producing upon coloured papers, whether pulp-dyed, surface-coloured, or
enamelled, various patterns in imitation of lace or other textile fabrics. For
this purpose, I take the lace or other fabric, the pattern of which I want to
reproduce upon paper, and having cut it into pieces of a size rather larger
than the sheets of coloured paper to be operated upon, I stretch the pieces
of lace upon open frames, and saturate them with size or animal glue, which
will enable them better to withstand the pressure to which they are to be
subjected; when dry, I cut them to the size of the coloured paper and apply
them to the surface of the same, and then take a sheet of the prepared laco
and a sheet of coloured paper, or a sheet of lace between two sheets of
coloured paper, and subject them to great pressure between flat or cylindrical
metallic surfaces, as is commonly practised in glazing or milling papers; and in
consequence, those parts of the paper which are in contact with the filaments
of the lace or other ornamental textile fabric are exposed to a greater pressure
than those parts where no such filaments intervene between the pressing.

page_text: surfaces, and the coloring matter upon them becomes more condensed, and
is consequently rendered darker, so that the pattern of the laco or other
ornamental textile fabric is produced in a darker shade of the colour with
which the paper is tinted; and if the paper be held up to the light, these
darker portions, which constitute the pattern, will (owing to their being more
condensed) appear less opaque than the ground colour. In thus ornamenting
enamelled or surface-coloured papers, I prefer to apply the lace or ornamental
textile fabric to the side of the paper which has not been coloured.
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention of improvements in the
manufacture of ornamental paper and paper bands, and explained the manner
of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that under the
above in part recited Letters Patent I claim,-
First, the manufacture by suitable machinery, as above described, of
ornamental paper, containing within its substance lace or other open textile
fabric, introduced at the time of its formation from the pulp.
Secondly, manufacturing ornamental paper by subjecting coloured or
enamelled paper to pressure between metallic surfaces while in contact with
lace or other ornamental textile fabric, as above described.
Thirdly, the application to the manufacture of bands of paper with which
bobbin net lace or other open textile fabric was incorporated at the time of
its manufacture from the pulp.
In witness whereof, 1, the said John Evans, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Twenty-seventh day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
Witness,
JOHN EDWARDS,
of Market Bosworth.
JOHN EVANS. (L.B.)