Improvements in the Manufacture of Chenille Carpets and Rugs.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 25th May, 1887
Complete Left, 16th Feb., 1888
Complete Accepted, 16th Mar., 1888
Improvements in the Manufacture of Chenille Carpets and Rugs.
I, WILLIAM ADAM of Kidderminster in the County of Worcester, Carpet
Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
:-
This invention has for its object the production of carpets and rugs similar in
appearance to those imported from India and foreign countries and an easy method
of producing the same, the pattern being visible on the back of the fabric.
Various methods have been tried to produce carpets and rugs of the character
above referred to but have been found troublesome and expensive. In the ordinary
process of weaving what is called chenille the worsted material to form the chenille
(or fur) is interwoven as weft with spaced sets of fine cotton warps in which
generally two dents of the reed are filled close together leaving 8 or 10 empty as
the case may be according to the depth of pile required. When this woven fabric is
cut in the centre of the space and folded it forms the fur or chenille which when
woven in the carpet or rug loom makes the pile.
The fur or chenille when composed only of worsted and fine cotton can only be
used on the surface of the fabric; a heavier material is necessary to give stability and
strength to the back of the carpet or rug.
My invention consists in placing or inserting a heavy warp of jute or other strong
material between the threads of fine cotton warp in weaving the weft chenille so that
when it is cut and folded it is hidden between the folds of the pile and when woven
in the carpet or rug loom (the warp of which is composed of strong linen) it gives
strength and substance to the fabric and the pattern appears on the back as well as
on the front of the fabric.
I will now describe the way or method by which my invention is carried out.
In the manufacture of the chenille I first introduce an extra warp chain of heavy

page_text: jute or other similar material also an extra beam on which the jute warp is wound.
I place this extra warp in a lower position and below the other fine cotton warps in
the loom, the jute warp is carried up through the lower portion of the heddles used
for the cotton warp, to a shaft or leaf in front of the other shafts, it is then carried
through a small space made in the reed, between the fine threads of cotton warp, the
jute warp chain remains in a fixed position while the worsted weft is carried across
the loom except occasionally say at every or of an inch of cloth woven, when tho
jute shaft is raised to allow a worsted shot to pass below the jute chain, in order to
bind and to keep it in its position between the cotton threads.
Another method by which a similar result may be effected is to divide the jute
warp, and use two shafts instead of one, one of the shafts being raised and the other
lowered alternately while every shot of worsted is woven in.
WILLIAM ADAM.
By Harris & Mills,
23, Southampton Buildings,
Agents.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
İmprovements in the Manufacture of Chenille Carpets and Rugs.
I, WILLIAM ADAM of Kidderminster, in the County of Worcester, Carpet
Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained, in and by the
following statement:-
This invention has for its object the production of carpets and rugs similar in
appearance to those imported from India and foreign countries, the pattern being
visible on the back of the fabric, and relates to an easy method of producing the
same.
Various methods have been tried to produce carpets and rugs of the character
above referred to but they have been found troublesome and expensive. In the
ordinary process of weaving, what is called chenille, or chenille weft, the worsted
material to form the chenille (or fur) is interwoven as weft with spaced sets of fine
cotton warps with which generally two dents of the reed are filled close together
leaving eight or ten or other number empty according to the depth of pile required.
When this woven chenille fabric is cut in the centre of the spaces and folded it forms
the fur or chenille which when employed in the manufacture of a carpet or rug forms
the pile.
The fur or chenille weft when composed only of worsted and fine cotton can only
be used on the surface of the carpet or rug; and a heavier material or backing is
necessary to give stability and strength to the back of such carpet or rug.
My invention consists in placing or inserting a heavy warp of jute or other strong
material between the threads of fine cotton warp in weaving the weft chenille so that
when it is cut and folded it is hidden between the folds of the pile and when
employed as weft in the weaving of a carpet or rug (the warp of which is composed
of strong linen) it will give strength and substance thereto and the pattern will
appear on the back as well as on the front thereof.
I will now describe the way or method in which my invention is carried out.
In the manufacture of the chenille fabric I first introduce an extra warp chain of
heavy jute, or other suitable material, and I employ in the chenille loom an extra
beam upon which the jute warp is wound. I place this extra warp in a lower position,
and below the other fine cotton warps in the loom; the jute warp is carried up.
through the lower portion of the heddles used for the cotton warp, to a shaft or leaf
in front of the other shafts or leaves it is then carried through a small space left in
the reed, between the fine cotton warps. The jute warp chain remains in a fixed
position while the worsted weft is carried across the loom except occasionally, say at
every half or three quarters of an inch of chenille fabric woven, when the jute shaft
is raised to allow a worsted shoot to pass below the jute chain, in order to bind and
to keep it in its position between the cotton threads.

page_text: lowered alternately while every shoot of worsted is woven in.
And in order that my invention may be more clearly understood and readily
carried into effect I will proceed aided by the accompanying drawings more fully to
describe the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 represents a face view of a piece of chenille fabric woven according to
the method heretofore adopted and ready to be cut up into lengths of chenille weft or
fur and employed in the manufacture of chenille carpets and rugs.
Figure 2 is an underside view of a piece of chenille fabric woven according to my
invention; Figure 3 is a top view and Figure 4 is a section thereof taken on the
line 1-1 of Figure 2.
Figure 5 represents a side elevation of a loom arranged for the production of said
fabric.
Figure 6 represents a section or strip of fabric after it has been cut or divided
upon the dotted lines in Figure 3 and folded into the form of chenille weft or
fur, and
Figure 7 represents a longitudinal section of a portion of a chenille carpet or rug
made according to my invention.
In the various figures of the drawing like parts are indicated by similar letters of
reference.
According to the ordinary process of weaving chenille fabric such as that represented
at Figure 1 to form what is called chenille the worsted material a to form the
chenille or fur is interwoven as weft with spaced sets of fine cotton warps & with which
generally two dents of the reed are filled close together leaving eight or ten or other
number empty according to the depth of pile required.
When this woven fabric is cut in the centre of the spaces between the fine cotton
warps b as indicated by the dotted lines and folded it forms the fur or chenille weft
which when employed in the manufacture of a carpet or rug forms the pile.
Fur or chenille thus formed of only worsted and fine cotton can only be used
upon the surface of the carpet or rug and a heavy backing generally composed of
strong linen is necessary in order to give stability and strength to the carpet or rug.
Now according to my invention I dispense with such heavy linen backing and
I place or insert a heavy warp chain c of jute or other strong material between the
threads of fine cotton warps bin weaving the fabric to form the chenille weft such
cotton warps & being spaced in the reed accordingly and at intervals I introduce a
shoot of worsted weft à beneath the warp or chain c of jute in order to bind and keep
it in its position between the cotton threads or warps b.
b
By these means when such fabric is cut upon the dotted lines as indicated in
Figure 3 and folded in the manner represented at Figure 6 the heavy warp c of jute
or other suitable material will be hidden between the folds of the pile or worsted
material a and when employed as weft in the weaving of a carpet or rug the warp of
which is composed of strong linen e (Figure 7) it will give strength or substance
thereto and the pattern will appear on the back as well as on the front thereof, and
I preferably introduce a shoot of stout worsted weft intermediate of each shoot of
chenille weft in order to give additional substance to the back of the carpet or rug
and to properly space the chenille weft.
I will now describe with reference to Figure 5 the mode in which I arrange the
loom for weaving chenille according to my invention.
In the manufacture of the chenille fabric I first introduce the heavy warp chain c
of heavy jute or other suitable material and I employ in the loom an extra beam C
upon which the jute warp c is wound.
I place this extra warp beam C in a lower position so that the heavy warps c will
be below the other or fine cotton, warps & in the loom and I carry the heavy warp c

page_text: up through the lower portion of the heddles B used for the cotton warps b to a shaft or
leaf B in front of the other shafts connected to an extra treadle E and it is then
carried through a small space left in the reed or lay A between the fine cotton warps
and the woven chenille fabric thence passes away to the work beam D in the usual
manner.
The heavy warp chain c remains in a fixed position while the worsted weft a (not
shown in Figure 5) is carried across the loom except occasionally, say for example, at
every half or three quarters of an inch of chenille fabric woven when the shaft or
leaf B' of the jute or heavy warp chain c will be raised to allow the worsted shoot d
to pass below such heavy warp chain c in order to bind and keep it in its position
between the cotton warp threads b.
Or I may obtain a similar result by dividing the heavy warps cand employing two
shafts or leaves such as B to carry such divided warps one of such shafts being
raised and the other lowered alternately while every shoot of worsted weft a is woven
in just in the same manner that the cotton warps bare operated and the heavy warps e
will thus be firmly tied in place.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. The improvements in the manufacture of chenille carpets and rugs substantially
as herein shown and described.
2. In the manufacture of chenille carpets and rugs the employment of chenille
weft or fur in which a heavy warp chain c of jute or other suitable material is
introduced and retained in manner substantially as herein shown and described and
for the purpose stated.
WILLIAM ADAM.
By Harris & Mills,
23, Southampton Buildings,
Agents.