Improvements in Spinning Machines, Part of which Improvements is Applicable also to Preparatory Machines.
Year: 1888

page_text: This Specification was, upon the 27th day of May 1891, further Amended unde
Sections 18 to 21 of the Patents. Designs, and Trade Marks Act, 1883.
Improvements in Spinning Machines, Part of which Improvements
is Applicable also to Preparatory Machines.
1, ERNEST DE PASS, of 68 Fleet Street, in the City of London, Fellow of the
Institute of Patent Agents, do hereby declare the nature of this Invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying drawings
and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
My invention relates to improvements in spinning machines, part of which
improvements; namely that relating to the drawing rollers, is applicable-also-te
preparatory machines, and in carrying out my invention I reduce the frictional
resistance brought about by the tension of the spindle cords upon the collars of the
spindles, either in self-neting mules, or in throstle frames. For this purpose I
substitute, for the ordinary collars of any arrangement, friction rollers which are not
in contact with, but in proximity to, one another, and upon which the spindles revolve.
These rollers, driven by the spindles upon which the cords bear, rotate with a very
reduced speed. I enclose them so as to shelter them from dust, and furthermore
provide their axles with a continuous oiling arrangement.
In the accompanying drawings, Figs. 1, 1, and 2 illustrate the arrangement which
I employ for carrying out my invention, Figs. 1 and 1* being sectional views, and
Fig. 2 a plan shewing two neighbouring spindles.
B is any one of the spindles with its wharve or whirl (which in ring and traveller
throstles may be placed either above or below the plate bolster P). C is the cord
proceeding from the drum. The plate bolster is provided with perforations through
which the spindles B pass freely.
At the bottom of a groove or channel r, the axle g, of the rollers G, are set. These
rellers may be made of any material, and of any suitable shape, but, by preference, I
make them of hard wood, with a thin gun metal core, which projects below the
roller, and rests at the bottom of the channel r. which channel forms an cil reservoir.
It is between two similar rollers that the spindles B bear freely, there being a spindle
in each interval between two rollers. The continuous oiling of the axles g is effected

page_text: either in the manner shown in figs. 1 and 2, the oil descending through the channels e,
around the core, or as shewn in fig. 1 through the interior of the axle
which is
perforated at e. In the bolster P are cast channels, which terminate in an oiling
hole, and in an upper channel p. A plate P¹ encloses and covers the bolster up to
the spindles. In front of the spindles, upon journals t, fixed to the said bolster P, is
mounted a bar R carrying two plates, one above and the other below. This
bar R is so adjusted that the plates, u, come up in close proximity, or contact, to
the spindles B and protect them from rearward vibration. It must be understood
that the foot of the spindle is formed by an ordinary pivot revolving in a step
bearing.
Figs. 3 and 4 show more particularly in section, and in plan, respectively, the
application of these improvements to ring and traveller throstles.
The spindle being then vertical, the bar R provided with the wide projecting
portions and may, if required, be constantly maintained with a slight pressure
against the spindles by means of the springs S₁. These spindles, by thus turning
upon friction rollers, render the motion much lighter and permit of greater speed
being attained.
But to be able to utilize in ring and traveller throstles the excess of speed which
spindles thus arranged are capable of, it is necessary to also relieve the resistance of
the traveller upon the ring, which resistance becomes particularly injurious in cases
when making conical bobbins, moments occur when the traveller is winding on the
summit of the cone, that is to say, upon a very small diameter. I obtain this result,
and especially obtain it at the desired moments, in the following manner, as shewn
in fig. 4..
I place tightly upon the top of the spindle a light disc or cap M, having a diameter
about equal to that of the ring N. This disc or cap can, as will be readily understood,
be removed in order to effect the gathering of the bobbins. It is of circular form,
but its shape and material may be varied according to requirements. I may make it
of solid and arched sheet metal, or in the shape of a small pulley with arms, or 1
may also make it of wood. The yarn coming from the guide m in order to descend
upon the traveller n, is obliged to become inwardly deffected around the disc or cap M
upon which it finds a bearing point. The rounded and more or less polished edge of
this disc or cap thus tends, during the rotation of the spindle, to constantly urge the
yarn forward and to pull the traveller n. On the other hand, the angle a formed by
the yarn depends, as shewn in the figure, on the distance at which the guide m is
placed above the spindle. Now, I cause the said yarn-guide m, by acting on the rail
bearing the guides, to move vertically and in a direction contrary to that of the
bolster of the rings, that is to say, the yarn guide m is gradually lowered
to mand to m, whilst the bolster Prises to effect an ascending winding, and
reciprocally.
The alternate rise and fall of the rail which carries the yarn guides m may be
communicated by fixing the said rail to a longitudinal plate X which is attached to
the roller beam, with the requisite freedom, and which is furnished with vertical slots
for sliding along bolts fixed to the roller beam. The plat: X carries, at intervals
apart, friction rollers. bearing upon suitably shaped arms y whose axes traverse
sleeves and carry arms y' which thus form an angle with the arms y. A rod T
is attached to all the arms and extends into the headstock of the machine, (which
headstock is supposed to be in front of the section representing the machine) and in
this headstock the rod T is connected to a vertical lever (not shewn) which oscillates
in a plane parallel with the spindles, under the action of an eccentric or cam, and
which thus acts alternately to pull the rod T and raise the plate X and then the rail,
then to allow the rod to return and the plate X and rail to descend.
The limits of the travel of the yarn-guide from m to m' and to m" may, moreover,
be constant in length or position, or gradually varied, and brought nearer to the top
of the spindle in proportion as the making of the bobbin progresses.
The angle a always closes in proportion as the bolster P₁ carries the yarn on to
the smaller diameter of the cone, and hence, in proportion, the tension of the yarn

page_text: tends to increase in order to pull the traveller. The increase of tension of the yarn,
and the closing of the angle a, thus simultaneously cause a proportionate increase of
the drawing action exerted by the disc or cap M upon the yarn, and upon the
traveller. I thus regulate the resistance of this traveller, and the effective tension
of the yarn, and I am then enabled to utilize the whole of the speed which I desire to
impart to the spindles.
Fig. 4 shews, likewise, a general view of a ring and traveller throstle such as I
contrive it, and provided with the last of the improvements which I am about to
describe.
Fig. 5 shews, separately, a section of this improvement which I have made in the
ordinary mode of drawing the yarn. This improvement is specially applicable to a
case in which materials having very irregular fibres have to be spun, and furnishing
slivers or rovings containing many short staples or fibres mixed with long ones, and
The use of
even with knots or burrs, as happens with cotton waste for instance.
ordinary drawing rollers does not allow the regular drawing of such slivers or rovings,
as it is not possible to place at the same time the rows of rollers in very close proximity
to one another as would be required for short fibres, and at a further distance from
one another, as would be required for long fibres, and furthermore, a very slight
separation can never be attained with ordinary rollers, whose decrease of diameter
has a limit.
I feed the pair of so called drawing rollers D D' by a roller A provided with a
covering cap C, forming a prolonged and polished contact with the roller A, and over
which it lies either by its natural weight; or by means of an additional pressure. This
eap-may; moreover, be-also-placed under the-roller A suitably raised; it may be
exactly-above-or-under-the-roller; or inclined forwards-or-backwards, necording-to
requirements: The yarn, or rather the sliver or roving, passes between the roller A,
and the cap C, which, while allowing long fibres to slide thereunder, retains the short
ones closely enough to ensure the regularity of the drawing operation, and of
the yarn.
Imny, if so desire, apply this last arrangement; not only to spinning, but-also-to
Freparatory machines:
Having now described the invention and in what way the same may be carried into
effect, I claim, as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent.
1. In self-neting mules or fly throstles, or ring and traveller throstles, the arrange-
ment of spindles of the kind described and illustrated bearing, by means of the spindle
cords, against and between friction rollers, substantially as described.
2. The sheltering of the friction rollers from dust by enclosing them in closed
boxes through which the spindles pass, substantially as described.
3. The means for continuous oiling applied to these rollers, substantially as
described.
4. The-mode-of-drawing-effected between a pair of drawing rollers-and-a-feeding
roller provided with a covering cap; instead of a pressure-roller, substantially-as
described.
64. In said ring and traveller throstles, the combination of the spindles rotating
against friction rollers and provided with driving discs or caps, with the rail of the
yarn guides moving vertically in opposition to the vertical motions of the bolster of
the rings, substantially as described.
ERNEST DE PASS.