Improvements in Apparatus for Grinding, Crushing, Pulverizing, or Disintegrating Substances.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd July, 1895
Complete Specification Left, 22nd Apr., 1896-Accepted, 4th July, 1896
Improvements in Apparatus for Grinding, Crushing, Pulverizing, or
Disintegrating Substances.
I JOHN UNWIN ASKHAM of Yorkshire Steel and Engineering Works Sheffield
in the County of York Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows :―
My invention relates to apparatus for grinding crushing pulverizing or disin-
tegrating substances in which balls or rollers are driven in the interior of a ring
or cylinder into which the material to be reduced is fed, and the object of my
present invention is to render such apparatus more durable by making the parts
which are subject to the greatest wear readily reversible and renewable
when worn.
According to this invention the double ended driving arms which carry the
crushing rollers are provided with renewable wearing pieces, each having an
extended base forming on cach side of the said wearing piece, a fillet which fits
into a corresponding recess in face plates, which together with the wearing piece
are rivetted or bolted to the main body of the driving arm.
The stirrers or distributing arm, arranged between the two pairs of double ended
driving arms, may have two or more vanes arranged at an angle to the shaft
alternately in opposite directions by means of which the material fed into the
machine is distributed to the action of the crushing rollers carried by both pairs
of driving arms. The arms on the stirrers are preferably made reversible so as to
permit of the shaft being rotated in either direction but they can be made solid and
so formed as to suit the action of the crushing rollers.
The arms of the stirrers arranged between the arms of each pair of driving
arms are placed diametrically opposite each other and in front of each roller, a
space being left between the said stirrer arms and the rollers for the passage of
the material to be crushed. These arms are also made reversible so that the shaft
can be rotated in either direction.
The propelling arms for expelling the ground material from the machine are also
made reversible, the stocks boss or hub thereof being provided with dovetail
recesses to receive corresponding projections formed on arms and the faces of these
arms are arranged at angles in opposite directions and may be reversed to suit the
direction in which the shaft is rotated.
The shaft on which these operating parts are mounted, may be reversed or turned
end for end without removing the said parts therefrom.
The drivers may be permanently fixed on the shaft or they may be made in
parts and clamped to the shaft so as to be removeable therefrom when required.
The bosses stocks or hubs of the stirrers and propellors may be permanently fixed
on the shaft and the arms be made separate therefrom and fitted to the said bosses
by any suitable means.
The stirrer arms are provided with renewable wearing piece which can be fixed
on either side of the arm according to direction in which the shaft is required to
be rotated. Or instead of making the arms separate from the bosses as herein-
before described the arms may be made in one with the boss and the boss be made

page_text: in halves and secured on the shaft by means of clips, bolts, cotters, dovetails or any
other suitable means..
Dated this 23rd day of July 1895:
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.
Improvements in Apparatus for Grinding, Crushing, Pulverizing, or
Disintegrating Substances.
1, JOHN UNWIN ASKHAM, of Yorkshire Steel and Engineering Works, Sheffield,
in the County of York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to apparatus for grinding crushing pulverizing or disin-
tegrating substances in which rollers are driven in the interior of a ring or cylinder
into which the material to be reduced is fed, and the object of my present invention
is to render such apparatus more durable by making the parts which are subject to
the greatest wear readily reversible and renewable when worn.
According to this invention the double ended driving arms which carry the crushing
rollers are provided with renewable wearing pieces, each having an extended base
forming on each side of the said wearing piece, a fillet which fits into a corre-
sponding recess and secured by face plates, which together with the wearing
piece are rivetted or bolted to the main body of the driving arm.
The stirrers, or distributing arm, arranged between the two pairs of double
ended driving arms, may have two or more vanes arranged at an angle to the
shaft alternately in opposite directions by means of which the material fed into
the machine is distributed to the action of the crushing rollers carried by both
pairs of driving arms. The arms on the stirrers are preferably made reversible so
as to permit of the shaft being rotated in either direction, but they can be made
solid and so formed as to suit the action of the crushing rollers.
The arms of the stirrers arranged between the arms of each pair of driving arms
are placed diametrically opposite each other, and in front of each roller, a space
being left between the said stirrer arms and the rollers for the passage of the
material to be crushed. These arins are also made reversible so that the shaft
can be rotated in either direction.
The propelling arms for expelling the ground material from the machine are
also made reversible the stocks boss or hub thereof being provided with dovetail
recesses to receive corresponding projections formed on arms, and the faces of
these arms are arranged at angles in opposite directions and may be reversed to suit
the direction in which the shaft is rotated.
The shaft on which these operating parts are mounted, may be reversed or turned
end for end without removing the said parts therefrom.
The drivers may be permanently fixed on the shaft or they may be made in parts
and clamped to the shaft so as to be removable therefrom when required. The
bosses stocks or hubs of the stirrers and propellors may be permanently fixed on
the shaft and the arms be made separate therefrom and fitted to the said bosses by
any suitable means.
The stirrer arms are provided with renewable wearing pieces which can be fixed
on either side of the arm according to the direction in which the shaft is required
to be rotated. Or instead of making the arms separate from the bosses as herein-
before described the arms inay be made in one with the boss and the boss be made

page_text: in halves and secured on the shaft by means of clips, bolts, cotters, dovetails, or
any other suitable means.
And in order that this invention may be well understood I will further describe
the same with reference to the accompanying drawings,
Figure 1 of which represents in longitudinal vertical section a grinding apparatus
constructed according to this invention.
Figure 2 is a face view partly in section and Figure 3 a vertical section of one of the
double ended driving arms shewing the mode of fixing the renewable wearing pieces.
Figures 4 and 44 represent in views at right angles to each other one of the
stirrers or distributing arms detached shewing a portion of the boss provided
with a dovetail recess and keyway by which the arms are secured to the boss.
Figures 5 and 5* are similar views of another of the stirrers shewing the arms.
formed on a divided boss.
Figures 6 and 6ª are elevations at right angles to each other of one of the
propellers detached shewing the means of securing them to the shaft and also
the means whereby the renewable wearing pieces are connected to the arms of the
propeller.
A is the shaft on which the operating arms are carried and caused to rotate
in a casing A into which the material to be crushed is fed through a hopper a
the material when crushed to the required fineness passing through sieves or
riddles a² and out from the interior of the case through passages A³. The
shaft A is mounted in bearings B and is capable of being reversed or turned
end for end so as to bring the opposite sides of the operating parts carried by the
shaft into action when one side of the said parts has become worn. C are the
double ended driving arms arranged in pairs each pair carrying crushing rollers D
the axles of which are mounted in recesses E in the said arms. These arms are
provided with renewable wearing pieces F provided with fillets G which enter
recesses H in the body of the driving arms face plates I being rivetted to the
renewable pieces F and secured to the main body of the arm by bolts and
nuts K so that the said renewable pieces F can be readily removed when worn
and replaced by fresh pieces. These drivers may be made in parts and
secured to the shaft by bolts and nuts or other suitable means. The centre
stirrer arms M are detachable from the boss M³ to which they are connected by
dovetail projections m on the arms entering corresponding recesses m² in the boss
and secured therein by keys n so that these arms can be removed from the boss
and replaced with their acting faces reversed. The stirrers M and N are provided
with renewable wearing pieces P secured to the said arms by bolts and nuts Q, the
said renewable pieces being capable of being connected to either side of the arms
to suit the direction in which the shaft is to be rotated. The arms N may be
removably connected to their bosses as described with reference to the arms M or
they may be formed in one with their boss and the said boss be divided and
secured to the shaft by bolts and nuts R as shewn in Figure 5. The propeller
arms illustrated in Figures 6 and 6ª may be secured to the boss M2 by providing
the said arms with flanges through which long bolts R are passed and secured by
nuts as shewn. It will be obvious that by making the arms or the wearing parts
or both reversible the shaft may be driven in either direction and the durability of
the apparatus is materially increased.
Although I have shewn in Figure 1 a machine having duplicate operating parts
arranged on opposite sides of the feeding hopper it is obvious that the invention is
applicable to machines of this kind having ouly one set of operating parts and in
which the material to be crushed is fed from a hopper arranged at one end of the
machine.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-

page_text: a rotating shaft carrying driving arms with crushing rollers, is employed,
means for connecting the said driving arms and the like to the shaft so as to be
capable of being detached and replaced in reverse position substantially as herein-
before described.
2. In apparatus of the kind herein before described providing the operating arms
with removable wearing parts capable of being fixed on either side of the operating
arms so that the shaft on which the arms are fixed may be rotated in either
-direction substantially as herein before described.
3. In apparatus of the kind hereinbefore described double ended driving arms
which carry the crushing rollers the said driving arms having renewable wearing
parts fitted to the main body of the arm by means of fillets formed on the
renewable wearing parts entering corresponding recesses and fixed in position by
face plates the said face plates and the renewable wearing parts being secured
to the body of the arm by bolts and nuts or rivets substantially as hereinbefore
described.
4. In apparatus of the kind herein before described connecting the stirrer arms
by means of dovetail connections and keys or cottars or bolts or set screws to
bosses fixed on the rotating shaft so that the said arms can be readily removed
and replaced in reverse position substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore
described.
5. In apparatus of the kind herein before described connecting the arms of the
propellers to their bosses by means of dovetail connections, keys or cottars, or with
bolts or set screws so as to be capable of being removed and reversed or replaced
by other arms substantially as hereinbefore described.
6. In apparatus of the kind herein before described making the bosses which
carry the stirrer arms and the propeller arms in parts and fixing the said bosses on
the driving shaft by means of clips bolts cottars or other suitable means
substantially as and for the purpose herein before described.
7. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting the apparatus for
grinding crushing pulverizing or disintegrating substances substantially as herein-
before described and illustrated by Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 22nd day of Anril 1806
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.