Improvements in Teaseling Machines.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 29th May, 1891-Accepted, 4th July. 1891
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Teaseling Machines.
I, ERNST GESSNER, of Auc, in the Kingdom of Saxony, Machine Builder,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention relates to teascling-machines having teaseling-rollers arranged in
two series, mounted in the heads of a drum, and having unequal surface speeds, so
that, whilst the rollers of both series revolve in the same direction, the effect of the
one series upon the cloth is opposite in direction to that of the other series.
In explaining the various means by which this is accomplished, I would have it
understood that by normal rolling speed is meant that surface speed which the
rollers would have by reason of their frictional contact with the fabric were
they carried round in contact with the fabric and quite free to revolve on
their axes.
In order, therefore, to produce a teaseling effect, it is necessary that the surface
speed of the teaseling rollers should differ from the normal rolling speed and
consequently from the speed of the cloth, and to this end the rollers may either be
driven or be retarded, and in either case the rollers of the one set have a different
surface speed from that of the other set, both being different from the normal rolling
speed which may be the mean of the two speeds.
For example, the rollers of the two sets may be of different diameters and
receive the same angular speed about their own axes, or they may be of equal
diameters and receive different angular speeds, the angular motion being in either
case obtained either by driving or retarding gear applied to the roller axes acting
in conjunction with the rotary motion of the drum and the movement of translation
of the fabric, the cards of the two sets of rollers being appropriate to the direction
in which they act.
The combining of the two series of rollers of different diameters, can be carried
out in different ways;-
(a) Teaseling-rollers each of two diameters.
(6) Teasling-rollers of the two series arranged alternately of different diameters
combined by belt or toothed gears.
According to the arrangement of the rollers on the drum, both series can be
worked by one belt or cord encircling all the pulleys or by one wheel gearing into
the pinions of both series. Or the pulleys or pinions of the one series may be at
the opposite end of the drum to those of the other, or both may be at the same end
of the machine but in different planes within or outside the heads of the drum which
carry the bearings.
In the two latter cases, the rollers of the two series have two separate belts,
cords, or sets of gear, which in turn are connected either through the frame of the
machine, the shaft of the drum, or a counter-shaft which may have cone pulleys or
change wheels for altering and regulating the speed of the rollers. Arranging the
pulleys or wheels in different planes, allows of using pulleys of greater diameter,
which is an advantage.

page_text: Similarly as the motion of the fabric encircling the sets of teaseling-rollers causes
the same to be rotated, the straps, belts, cords, or gears, engaged with their pulleys
or wheels, cause them to be revolved at a different surface speed from the fabric,
whether such gear be driven or held stationary whilst the drum revolves.
In some cases they may be arranged in such a way that the strap, belt, cord, or
gearing, driving one series is moved while the means for driving tlie other series
are held stationary. The rollers of one series run at a speed which is slower than
their normal rolling speed and their cards have the points of their teeth turned in
the direction in which the drum rotates so as to teasle the surface of the cloth.
The teaseling or napping effect of the said rollers varies according to the
difference between their surface speed and their normal rolling speed, and can be
modified as required; the slower the rollers are revolved, the more they will teasel
the cloth.
The rollers of the other series are revolved at a speed quicker than their normal
rolling speed, and being furnished with cards having the points of their teeth
turned in a reverse direction to that in which the drum rotates; these rollers serve
to retain the cloth against the action of the first series and raise the cloth in a
direction opposed to that of the first series.
Thus the tension on the cloth due to the clinging effect of the rollers of the first
series is diminished by that of the rollers of the second series, and in consequence
thereof the fabric can be passed around the whole of the drum so as to touch all
teaseling-rollers without requiring any guide rollers arranged around the drum, as
is usual.
The teaseling-rollers require to be cleaned or stripped by brushes while the drum
is rotated, and as their teeth are set in opposite directions they cannot be cleaned
by a brush applied in the ordinary way. employ a device provided with either
one or two cleaning brushes arranged outside and below the drum, acting
alternately in right and left hand directions so as to alternately strip one roller
of one series and one of the other series and whereby the direction of movement
of the brush or brushes corresponds with the direction of the teeth of the roller to
be stripped.
Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this
Specification, wherein
Figure 1 shews an arrangement of two series of teaseling-rollers of different
diameter, successively arranged.
Figure 2 shews means for driving the teaseling rollers.
Figures 3 and 4 shew teaseling rollers arranged around a drum, with means for
driving same.
Figure 5 shews a sectional view, and
Figure 6 a side view, of a raising machine.
Figures 7 and 8 shew a sectional elevation and a side view of a raising
machine, and
Figure 9 a sectional plan of an arrangement for regulating the speeds of the
teaseling rollers.
Figures 10 and 11 shew a sectional elevation and side view, of a drum with
means for driving the teaseling rollers.
Figure 12 shews a modification.
Figures 13 to 22 shew arrangements of teaseling rollers with cleaning devices in
various modifications.
In Figure 1, the rollers of the two series A and B are of different diameters
arranged alternately and are divided into two sets at the centre line of the
machine.
The rollers A' and B of the two sets and on the same axles are also of different
diameters and are journaled at both ends and at the middle of the drum, so as to be
rotated separately from each other, the machine being arranged for operating upon
two pieces of material side by side.
Assuming the drumm to be revolved and the cloth to be laid around the rollers,

page_text: the cloth will tend to impart to the latter a circumferential speed equal to their
norinal rolling speed, but as the rollers are of unequal diameters and are con-
strained to revolve at the same angular speed, the rollers A, being of different
diameters, will have circumferential speeds differing from each other and from
the normal rolling speed, and consequently the rollers B are caused to
scratch or raise the cloth in the direction in which the drum rotates, while the
rollers A are caused to act upon the cloth in the reverse direction and so teasel
the same in a backward direction, the degree of teasling being according to the
difference in diameter between the two series of rollers. The teasling-rollers
might be driven by their contact with the cloth only or instead of driving the
rollers by the cloth, they might be driven by a spur wheel and pinions, or by a
belt passing round pulleyss, or by cords passing round grooved pulleys s¹.
When the two sets of rollers A and B, or A and B', are not on the same axles,
but are of one diameter throughout, successively arranged, as shewn by one-half of
Figure 1, that is within the outer ends of the rollers and the dotted line -, they
must be driven or united one with another through gearings, belts, or cords, which
can be carried out in various ways, as shewn in Figures 3 to 12.
When the rollers A and B are mounted at different radii from the centre, or are
supplied with pulleys of different diameters, the outermost part of the peripheries
of one series form a circle different from that of the pulleys of the other series,
each series should be driven by a separate belt. Two such belts may be arranged
as in Figure 2 and be driven by pulleys 2 fixed to a shaft W arranged away from
the drum and so that both series are connected one with another by means of such
belts through the said shaft. The shaft may either be driven or held stationary
while the drum rotates.
Figure 3 shews the teasling rollers of the two series arranged on a common circle
Instead of
and having pulleys & encircled by a belt R and thus uniting the rollers.
uniting all the rollers of the drum by one belt R, pairs of adjacent rollers (that is,
one of each series) can be united by short belts R¹, as indicated by dotted lines.
Instead of belts, cords or wheels might be used.
Figure 4 shews teaseling-rollers of both series A and B arranged around a drum,
being supplied with wheels, all gearing into one wheel R, whereby all the rollers
are united. Instead of an ordinary wheel R an internally-toothed wheel encircling
the same, can be used.
When the wheels of one series are mounted at a different radius from the centre
to the wheels of the other series, each series will be driven by a separate wheel R,
both wheels being connected together.
The diameter of the rollers of series A, as shewn in Figures 3 and 4, is different
from that of series B. However, they might be of equal diameter, but in such a
case they must be furnished with pulleys or wheels of different diameters in order to
get a difference in the circumferential speed of the two series.
3
Such a case is illustrated in Figures 5 and 6. The frame-work G carries the
drum D having mounted on it the teasling rollers of the two series A and B
supplied with pulleys s. The pulleys of series A are arranged on the left hand
side and are of greater diameter than those of series B arranged on the right hand
side. The pulleys of each series are encircled by straps R and R' respectively and
each strap has traction pieces R2 secured to arms on the wheels 2 which are loose
on the drum shaft, said wheels gearing with the wheels 3 fast on shafts having on
their other ends change-wheels 4 which, through intermediate wheels 5, are in con-
nection with the wheels 6 fixed upon the drum shaft. Thus a communication
between the two series of rollers is effected by the mediation of the said straps and
wheels, through the shaft of the drum, whereby a different speed may be imparted
to each series of rollers. By using different change-wheels, the relative speeds can
be altered, even with similar-sized pulleys s, to vary the effect of the teasling
rollers as may be required. It is obvious that the connection between the two
series might be accomplished by other means.
The fabric, shewn in dotted lines, passes, in the direction of the arrow, over guide

page_text: rollers Z, round the drum D, over guide rollers Z' and drawing rollers 72. These
rollers are driven from a cone pulley u on the drum shaft, with a belt d passing
over cone pulley which is connected with the wheel 7 gearing with wheel 8 and
thus imparting motion to the guide roller 7. From the said guide roller the
drawing roller receives motion by means of a belt. The means for driving the
roller Z are not shewn in the drawing.
Instead of travelling in the same direction as the drum, the fabric might travel
in the reverse direction.
Figures 7 and 8 show a similar arrangement to that shown in Figures 5 and 6
excepting that the straps R and R' are driven from shafts W W₁ mounted on the
frame above the drum carrying two pulleys s¹ of different diameter arranged one
on each side, within the two frame sides, and two change pulleys s³ arranged on the
shaft ends on the right hand side outside the frame. The straps R and R'
respectively pass round the pulleyss of the teaseling rollers of both series; said
straps also pass over the pulleys and tension rolls p. Another strap R² is driven
from a pulley 2 fixed to the drum shaft passing over the two change pulleys s³ and
a tension pulley pl at the bottom of the frame. Thus motion is imparted from the
drum and a connection is accomplished between the two series of teascling rollers
through the belt R². By the differing sizes of the pulleys, or by the differing
sizes of the pulleys, or by both, the speeds of the two series of rollers are
different and can be regulated at will by the use of change wheels of different
diameters.
Instead of simple pulleys 3 and s², cone pulleys can be used so that the speed
may be altered by removing the belt from one step to another, or the arrangement
shown in plan, Figure 9, may be used.
Figure 9 shows the ends of the two shafts W and Whaving secured to them
friction surface plates s³. A shaft W carries a pulley s driven from the drum
shaft by a twisted belt passing over the said pulley. It also carries two friction
rollers which drive the plates 3. These rollers F are free to slide along but
constrained to revolve with the shaft W2, said sliding being effected by means of a
rod y, and the speed imparted to shafts W W is varied by bringing the friction
rollers more or less near to the centre of the surface plates 3, and both series of
rollers communicate through the shaft W
Figures 10 and 11 show another raising machine with the two series of rollers A
and mounted in the drum D, and pulleys & arranged in the same manner as those
shown in Figures 5 to 8, but the straps R and R' encircling the pulleys are
stationary, being fastened at one end on a cross stay W3 while the other end is
wound on a tension pulley p'. The brake is more or less applied by means of an
adjustably weighted lever H, a pawl and ratchet wheel connected with the pulley pl
serving to enable any initial slack in the brake straps to be taken up. As both
straps are held by the cross stay, both series of teaseling rollers are connected one
with another through the said stay. When the drum rotates carrying with it the
teaseling rollers, the pulleys are revolved by contact with the stationary strap at
a speed which differs from their rolling speed, according to the difference in
diameter between the pulleys and rollers. By slackening the belt more or less the
pulleys are allowed to slip more or less and consequently the rollers assume a speed,
which is more or less like their rolling off speed, and vice versa, with tightening the
belt the pulleys are prevented from slipping, being caused to revolve at a speed,
according to the speed of their pulleys. Thus the raising effect of the rollers cau
be altered as required.
The means for tightening the belt can be modified; for instance, it may be
performed by means of screws.
In the place of straps R R¹ stationary cords or chains may be employed, or a
stationary inside toothed wheel, or a friction ring may be used.
Figure 12 shows the side view of a drum D with the teaseling rollers A and B
having pulleys s around which the stationary belt R is carried, all as in Figures 10
and 11 excepting that the strap instead of being held only at one point is held at

page_text: four points by strap ends R' held at as many points 1. 2. 3 and 4 by means of
hooks o secured to brackets h on the frame of the machine. Any other number of
holding points may be used. A brake consisting of a steel band or cord R²
encircling the said strap and being secured with its ends to a weighted brake
lever L may be employed. By using different weights acting upon the said lever,
the strap R will be caused to bear more or less tightly on the pulleys and effect a
difference in the teaseling as required.
The various means which I employ for cleaning the teaseling rollers are illustrated
in Figures 13 to 22.
Figure 13 shows the drum D and the two series of teaseling rollers A and B, the
rollers of series B having the points of their cards set and revolving in the direction
of movement of the drum, whilst with those of series A the card points are set in
the opposite direction.
M and N are two cleaning rollers arranged below the drum, each having only
half of its circumference covered with bristles or wire, or any other stripping
material. Motion is imparted to these cleaning rollers from a wheel R¹ secured to
the shaft of the drum through wheels R2 R3 R4 and R' whereby the cleaning
roller M is rotated in the direction of movement of the drum whilst the roller N is
rotated in the contrary direction, both being so timed that their acting surfaces will
be nearest to, and will consequently clean the rollers A B respectively during the
time that any one of the rollers A is opposite M, or when any one of the rollers B
is opposite N, but so soon as any one of the rollers A comes opposite N, and
likewise B opposite M, then the plain part of rollers M and N will be presented
uppermost to the rollers B A and no action will take place, causing its bristle
covered part to come in contact with and clean one of the teaseling rollers A whilst
one of the rollers B following next is passing by the uncovered part or bare space
of the cleaning roller M untouched. The cleaning roller N on the contrary,
revolving in the opposite way, passes by the rollers of series A without touching
them while its bristles covered part is cleaning the rollers of series B.
Instead of having one half of the cleaning rollers covered with bristles, their
circumference may be divided or parted into several stripes of bristles and corre-
sponding bare spaces, as for instance shown in Figure 14, it being understood that
in any case the velocity of the cleaning rollers will be such as to bring each stripe
of bristles into contact with one roller of its respective series.
In Figure 14 each of the two cleaning rollers M and N is provided with bristles
forming two stripes, each stripe covering one quarter of the circumference of the
cleaning roller.
The cleaning rollers M and N receive motion in a right and left hand direction
respectively, through a belt T passing round the pulley R' secured to the shaft of
the drum, then passing over tension roller R2 and pulleys R³ and R. Each
stripe of bristles of the cleaning roller M strips one teasling-roller of series A
while the rollers of series B are likewise cleaned by cleaning-roller N.
In cases when one series comprises a greater number of teasling rollers than the
other series, the width of the stripes of bristles on the surface of the cleaning
rollers must be in proportion to the number of teasling rollers they have to clean in
succession.
In Figure 15, for instance, one teasling roller B is succeeded by two rollers A and
rice versa. The cleaning roller M, therefore, has to clean two rollers of series A. in
succession, whereas the cleaning roller N cleans only one roller at a time of series B ;
accordingly the cleaning roller M is provided with bristles on two-thirds of its
surface while N is covered therewith only on one third.
Figure 16 shews the two cleaning rollers M and N covered with bristles on the
whole of their circumference and journaled at both ends in rocking levers G having
their common fulcrum upon shaft H. The lever G is oscillated by an eccentric E
fast on the shaft H and working in a slot P in the end of lever G. The shaft H°
derives its motion from the drum by wheels R and R'. By the oscillating motion

page_text: of the shaft H, the cleaning rollers M and N are alternately brought into, and out
of, contact with the teasling-rollers; roller M cleaning the teasling-rollers of
series A and roller N those of series B. -
Rotary motion is given to the cleaning rollers by means of a belt T passing
around the pulleys R2, R3, and R', the roller M rotating in an opposite direction to
roller N. This swinging motion of the levers G may be brought about by a
roller F mounted on an extension of lever G (as shewn in dotted lines) which is
held by a spiral spring O against the belt T lying around the pulleys of the
teasling rollers. The belt T forms a regular polygon having rounded corners.
By the rotation of the drumm, the roller F is moved to and fro, being forced away
from the centre of the drum by the polygonal form of the strap T and drawn
towards the centre of the drum, when it is passing between the pulleys, by the
spiral spring O.
Instead of having the roller F riding on the belt, as above described, a cam W
in the shape of a polygon formed with regular curves, as shewn in Figure 17, may be
employed. It is secured to the side frame of the drum, roller F rolling upon it in
a similar manner to that last described.
In Figure 18, the cleaning rollers M and N revolve on eccentric pins s which
are rotated by means of wheels R, R, and R, fixed to said pins and driven by
intermediate wheels R2 and R3 from the wheel R. Owing to the revolving motion
of the eccentrics s, the cleaning rollers are moved alternately to and fro, the roller M
stripping the teasling rollers of series A and roller N those of series B. Besides
the reciprocating motion of the cleaning rollers, their rotary motion in opposite
directions is caused by the belt T passing round the pulleys R7, R, R¹º, and tension
roller R8.
When the teasling-rollers A and B are arranged in two separate circles, two
different cleaning rollers may be employed, one being fully covered with bristles
and the other provided with stripes of bristles only, as seen in Figure 19. The
rollers of series A are arranged in a circle which corresponds in size with the
periphery of the drum, while the rollers of series B are arranged on a smaller circle.
The cleaning roller M, fully covered with bristles and mounted in a fixed position,
serves for cleaning the outer rollers A while the stripes on the cleaning roller N
come in contact with and clean the teasling rollers of series B only.
Both cleaning rollers are driven in opposite directions to each other, by the
belt T, all as in Figure 14, or each of the two cleaning rollers may be driven by a
separate belt, as indicated in dotted lines.
In Figure 20 only one cleaning roller, fully covered with bristles, is employed
for cleaning both series of teasling-rollers. The said cleaning roller receives an
oscillating motion by mechanism shewn in section in Figure 21. The cleaning
roller M is mounted on arms a (only one of which is seen) fast upon the shaft
provided outside the frame G with a fork lever which embraces the eccentric.
fixed on the shaft which shaft also carries the pulley R.
The whole mechanism is arranged within a casing O. Motion is imparted to the
pulley R from the pulley R through a belt T and, in turning the shaft and
eccentrica encircled by the forked lever, the cleaning roller is oscillated so as to
strip each teasling roller in the direction in which its teeth are set.
Instead of using a complete roller, only a part of a roller or rail covered with a
sheet of card or bristles may be used, as shewn in Figure 22 which is similar to
those last described.
In order to prevent the belt from slipping, it may be provided with holes at
equal distances apart, as seen in Figures 14, 19, 20, 22, the pulleys R1, R³, and R',
having projecting pins passing through said holes. Instead of a belt, an endless
perforated steel blade or a chain may be employed, to attain the same result.
I am aware of the Specifications of Mewburn's (Grosselin's) Patent No. 5394
of 1888 and of Grosselin's Patent, No. 19929 of 1890 and I wish it to be understood
that I do not claim anything described and claimed therein.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
:-
1. In a cloth napping machine, the combination, with a drum, two series of teasling
rollers revolving at different speeds and in different directions as compared with
the circumferential motion of the drum, of two cleaning rollers running in opposite
directions to each other, each of the said cleaning rollers stripping only the
corresponding series of teasling rollers, substantially as described.
2. In a cloth napping machine, the combination, with a drum, two series of
teasling rollers revolving at different speeds and in different directions as compared
with the circumferential motion of the drum and both series being arranged in one
circle, of two cleaning rollers running in opposite directions to each other, being
covered with stripes of bristles, wire-brush, or other stripping material, and revolving
at a certain speed in proportion to that of the drum so as to each strip one only the
corresponding series of teasling rollers, substantially as described.
3. La cloth napping machine, the combination, with a drum, two series of
teasling rollers revolving at different speeds and in different directions as compared
with the circumferential motion of the drum and both series being arranged in one
circle, of two cleaning rollers running in opposite directions to each other, being
journaled in a lever which is oscillated towards and away from the drum at intervals,
so that each cleaning roller meets only the corresponding series of teasling rollers,
substantially as described.
4. In a cloth napping machine, the combination, with a drum, two series of
teasling rollers revolving at different speeds and in different directions as compared
with the circumferential motion of the drum, and both series forming two circles
being arranged at different distances from the centre of the drum, of two cleaning
rollers running in opposite directions to each other, one of the said cleaning rollers
stripping the teasling rollers arranged on the outer circle while the other cleaning
roller cleans the other series of teasling rollers arranged on the inner circle, so that
each cleaning roller strips only the corresponding series of teasling rollers,
substantially as described.
5. In a cloth napping machine, the combination, with a drum, two series of
teasling rollers revolving at different speeds and in different directions as compared
with the circumferential motion of the drum, of one cleaning brush oscillating at a
certain rapidity, so as to meet at each of its oscillations in the one direction a roller
of the one series and at each oscillation in the other direction a roller of the other
series, the motion of the brush corresponding to the set of the teeth on which it is
acting, so as to clean the same, substantially as described.
Dated this 29th day of May 1891.
Dated this 29th day of May 1891.
ERNST GESSNER.
By A. M. & Wm. Clark,
53, Chancery Lane, London, Patent Agents.