matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Camille Alphonse Faure at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th November, 1875.
I, CAMILLE ALPHONSE FAURE, of Montford Place, Kennington, in the
County of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
The Invention comprises the constructing or providing the internal
flues or tubes of steam boilers with plates or partitions lying within and
longitudinally along them, so as to split or divide the flame and gases,
and cause them to pass within each or some of such flues or tubes
towards or to the back or end of the boiler along two chambers or
passages (each), instead of along one chamber or passage only (each)
in order to obtain an increased or additional radiating surface; in
carrying out the Invention the partition plates to be in cross sections,
straight, or bent, or curved, or S shaped, and sometimes twisted in the
length to be placed horizontally or vertically or at an angle, and to be
fixed if desired, but preferably to be simply fitted with a more or less
tight fitting.
..

page_text: The Invention is applicable to large flues and small flues, stationary
and other boilers, and to locomotive and other multitubular boilers, and
in these last-mentioned, and in all cases where the tubes are of small
diameter, the partition plates should be very thin.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIELDS APPLICABLE TO ARMOURED VESSELS, AND ALL OTHER CONSTRUCTIONS USED FOR THE RESISTANCE TO THE PENETRATION OF PROJECTILES,
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Longsdon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
August 1875. A communication from abroad by Alfred Krupp, of
Essen, in the Kingdom of Prussia, Steel Manufacturer.
I, ALFRED LONGSDON, of Crown Buildings, Queen Victoria Street, in
the City of London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIELDS
APPLICABLE TO ARMOURED VESSELS, AND ALL OTHER CONSTRUCTIONS USED FOR THE
RESISTANCE TO THE PENETRATION OF PROJECTILES," communication from Alfred
Krupp, of Essen, in the Kingdom of Prussia, Steel Manufacturer, to be
as follows:-
-
This Invention has for its object the strengthening the construction of
shields and other similar protections used against the penetration of
projectiles. It is well known that the lines of junction between armour
plates forming such shields are the weakest parts of the structure, and

page_text: that a shot striking these junctions between the plates of armoured
vessels or shields has a greater penetrative effect, and that more damage
is done to the plates by their increased liability to break up at the edges
than if struck more towards the centre. Now this Invention has for its
object to counteract this weakness of construction, and and to make these
parts of the armouring stronger and more capable of resisting penetration.
This is proposed to be effected by using strong frames of iron or other
suitable metal, into the grooves of which the armour plates are fitted.
The construction of these frames is such that the edges of the plates are
completely protected from projectiles by means of the outside flanges of
the frames projecting over and covering the edges of the plates. The
plates being also bedded on the inside flanges of the frames, are thus
rendered more capable of resisting the impact of the shot. A further
advantage of these frames in which the armour plates rest is that the
plates are held much firmer in their position, and that should the tic
bolts be cut through and the plates much damaged by being struck by
projectiles the plates will still be better retained in their position by the

page_text: the frames with wood or iron or other suitable material, and thus to
form a smooth surface, and the whole may be covered with sheet copper
or other suitable covering, as shown in Fig. 4, where C is the filling in
of iron or wood, and D the outside covering of copper or other suitable
material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF ACTUATING OR GIVING MOTION TO WASHING MACHINES AND CHURNS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Norris at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th April
1875.
L
I, JAMES NORRIS, of Wood Green, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
METHOD OF ACTUATING OR GIVING MOTION TO WASHING MACHINES AND CHURNS,"
to be as follows:-
"
Washing machines require to be worked both forward and backward
in order to produce good effect in cleaning clothes or other articles. To
effect this purpose costly machinery with crossed straps and gearing to
reverse the drum or operating parts of the washing machine has hitherto
been employed.
For the purpose of my Invention. I apply the toothed wheel and
sliding bearing, commonly known as the "Baker's Patent Mangle
Motion," for the purpose of reversing the motion of the washing
machine, which may actuate either a drum or grated hollow wheel with
divisions or midfeathers revolving in a cylinder, or the outer cylinder

page_text: containing ribs or beaters may revolve and be reversed as above described
without requiring an inner drum, as is well understood.
The washing apparatus to which my improvements are applicable may
be greatly varied.
I also use the same arrangement of mechanism applied to churns or 5
beating machines whore it is desirable to reverse the motion.
AN IMPROVED POUCH OR RECEPTACLE FOR TOBACCO
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bernard Birnbaum at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
March 1875.
I, BERNARD BIRNBAUM, of New Broad Street, in the City of London,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED POUCH OR RECEPTACLE FOR TOBACCO," to be as follows:—
The object of this Invention is to construct a tobacco pouch or
receptacle in such manner that the tobacco can be held securely in a
restricted space, and that the pouch or receptacle can be readily opened
and closed. For this purpose I construct a pouch of india-rubber or
other suitable elastic or flexible material in a spherical or globular form,
and I cut, split, or divide it in the line of the periphery or circumference
at the central or equatorial portion of the circumference, but only for
one-half (or nearly so) of this circumference or periphery. I thus leave
an uncut portion equal or about equal to the divided portion of such
circumferential and equatorial line. Hence two portions, pockets, or
receptacles are formed, one of which is readily doubled over, or folded,
or inserted in the other, and a compact receptacle or packet is obtained,

page_text: assuming a pointed over (or double convex) lenticular form. The
receptacle thus formed is springy at the ends, and when opened it
presents two jaws or a mouth convenient for extracting the tobacco
which the receptacle contains. By pressing at the extremities of the
oval receptacle it will open at once as the elasticity and the form render
it springy.
IMPROVEMENTS IN YARN COUNTERS OR INDICATORS USED IN MULES, AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Orme at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
June 1875.
I, DANIEL ORME, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Gas meter
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN YARN COUNTERS OR INDICATORS USED IN MULES, AND FOR
OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates principally to the indicators which are used in
connection with the mules employed in the spinning of textile materials,
and which indicate the number of hanks of yarn supposed to have been
produced by means of the mule in any given time. In the said
apparatus I cause the worm with which such indicators are usually
provided to gear with two spur wheels or worm wheels having a common
axis, and varying slightly in the number of teeth; as for example, one
wheel may have one tooth more than the other wheel. The shaft of one
wheel revolves within the hollow shaft of the other wheel, and upon the
first named shaft are mounted two spur wheels, one wheel revolving
with the shaft, the other wheel which is fixed to the dial being loosely
mounted on the said shaft. An arm fixed on the said hollow shaft

page_text: carries a pinion which gears with the two spur wheels last named, the
number of teeth in the said wheels also varying as in the case of the
pair of
spur wheels first named.
The shaft which revolves within the said hollow shaft carries an index,
and when in action both the dial and the index revolve, but the speed
of the dial is slightly greater or lesser than that of the index, and the
dial being marked to suit the purpose for which the indicator is to be
used furnishes the required indications.
A NEW OR IMPROVED SYSTEM OR MODE OF COUPLING OR CAPPING FOR METALLIC OR OTHER ROPE COUPLINGS OR CAPPINGS FOR RAILWAY, COLLIERY, OR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Whittle at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
July 1875.
I, John WHITTLE, of Ohorley, in the County of Lancaster, Wagon
Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
OR IMPROVED SYSTEM OR MODE OF COUPLING OR CAPPING FOR METALLIC OR OTHER
ROPE COUPLINGS OR CAPPINGS FOR RAILWAY, COLLIERY, OR OTHER PURPOSES," to
be as follows :-
1
My Invention consists of an improved system or mode of coupling or
capping for metallic or other ropes, whereby the hability to slip, fret, or
break, is entirely dispensed with; an increased durability and wear
maintained as no rivets, bolts, or clams are required I provide a
tubular capping or coupling, the hole in which I make large enough to
allow the rope to pass freely for a few inches from the inner end, after
which I make such hole conical to within a few inches of the outer end,
which end is made of a parallel diameter In this outer end is cut
a slott through both sides to receive a link or chain; through the two
sides of this slotted end I drill a hole, through which and link I fix a
pin securing such link. I now pass the end of a metallic or other rope
A NEW EQUILIBRIUM SALOON BOAT OR PLATFORM
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Hiltbrunner at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
March 1875.
I, JEAN HILTBRUNNER, of 72, Malpas Road, New Cross, in the
County of Kent, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said.
Invention for "A NEW EQUILIBRIUM SALOON BOAT OR PLATFORM," to be as
follows:-
A ship containing a saloon in equilibro floating in a separate reservoir
containing water or other liquids or mercury or water-tight compartment
in such ship, suitable for ships for the mercantile marine, or war ships,
or any other ships, boats, or any chamber or compartment of such
ships.
I reserve to myself the right of constructing such cabins, saloons, or
compartments according to the requirements either of passenger ships or
the artillery platforms of ships of war, and further to construct such

page_text: compartments in the shape of lifeboats or rafts or any other shape
capable of keeping the sea in case of necessity, according to the require-
ments, and to steady such compartments as may be found necessary by
guides while permitting free oscillation or movement of the ship and
keeping the chamber in its required position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAISING THE NAP UPON CLOTHS AND FABRICS AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Kempe at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st September 1875.
I, William KEMPE, of Holbeck Mills, Leeds, in the County of York,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
RAISING THE NAP UPON CLOTHS AND FABRICS AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREIN," to be as follows :-
:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in raising the nap or
pile on cloths or fabrics, and in apparatus employed thereon.
For the purpose of raising the nap upon cloths nothing hitherto has
been found equal to the natural teasle, but cylinders clothed with wire
cards such as are used for carding wool, cotton, and other fibres, have
been frequently used.
According to my Invention I employ a cylinder set with needle
points, I groove the cylinder longitudinally with a series of grooves at a
short distance apart. The needle points are all made to the same length
and are pointed in the same way as needles are pointed; they are placed
i

page_text: in the grooves close together side by side, so that the distance between
the points is the same as the thickness of the steel wire from which the
needle points are made. When thus placed the needle points are fixed
by forcing into the groove behind them a filling strip of wood or other.
material; in this way I obtain a cylinder armed with rounded points set 5
close together in lines.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FLUID MOTORS, POWER ENGINES, AND BUCH like Apparatus
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Heber Radford at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
April 1875.
I, RICHARD HEBER RADFORD, of No. 19, Sailsbury Street, Strand,
London, and Sheffield, in the County of York, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FLUID
MOTORS, POWER ENGINES, AND BUCH like Apparatus," to be as follows :—
In each case I mount or affix a disc or discs at a suitable angle upon
a shaft or spindle working in centres or bearings, the angle at which the
disc or discs are set being determined in relation to the diameter of the
disc and to the speed at which the disc is to be driven. Each disc whilst
it rotates "wabbles" in the manner of a "drunken" rotary circular saw,
and to a greater or lesser extent according to the angle at which it is
fitted upon the spindle, when there are two discs upon the same spindle
working within the same case they should be set at the same angle on
the shaft or axle and be parallel to each other.
For rotary pumps for pumping water the disc is fitted closely upon
the spindle, which may have a central boss thereon, or two hemispherical
blocks or central pieces thereupon between the parts of which the disc

page_text: may be held, and the disc for this purpose should be of suitable stiffness
(or thickness) or without any openings. The chamber of the casing
within which the disc revolves is of a corresponding shape to admit of
the (compound) rotary and vibrating motion of the disc being freely
performed within it.
The surrounding casing may be like that of the various centrifugal
pumps in ordinary use, the fluid being drawn up through a breeches
pipe, and admitted at the centre on each side of the rotating disc, and
so be discharged tangentially through a gradually increasing spiral
passage.
For air exhausters and fan blowers a similar arrangement may be
employed to that just described, except that the sides of the case should
be open to the atmosphere, and the air admitted direct through suitably
formed openings. The air is then discharged tangentially, and by
properly proportioning the form and areas of the discharge passage way
surrounding the disc the required amount of pressure can be given to
the air discharged from a fan blower, or an increase of volume and
freedom of discharge from an air exhauster or ventilating fan can be
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRICKS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING THE SAME.
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert Harpin, of Brockholes, near Hudders-
field, in the County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN BRICKS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING THE
SAME.
Sealed the 17th March 1876, and dated the 21st September 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Herbert Harpin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st September 1875.
I, HERBERT HARPIN, of Brockholes, near Huddersfield; in the
County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRICKS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
MAKING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in producing or constructing bricks for the
outer walls of buildings with one rough face, 'and for corner bricks with
two rough faces in imitation of rock-faced or "pitch-faced" wall stones.
To effect this the moulds will be suitably shaped, one or two of the sides

page_text: thereof being roughly hollowed, so as to 'produce the same effect on the
brick as if it had been "pitched."
Both red and white clay may be used for such formed bricks, but it is
more especially adapted for white clay, as the object of the Invention is
tho imitation of pitch-faced wall stones.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HERBERT
HARPIN, of Brockholes, near Huddersfield, in the County of York, 1
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Herbert Harpin, Her special
licence that I, the said Herbert Harpin, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Herbert Harpin, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN BRICKS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OE APPARATUS FOR MAKING THE SAME," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Herbert Harpin, my
.executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within-six-calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the-said Letters-Patent.
-
NOW KNOW YE that I the said Herbert Harnin, do hereby declare
IMPROVEMENTS IN OB APPLICABLE TO DOORS AND WINDOWs
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Ritchie and James
Hawkins at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 9th October 1875.
We, GEORGE RITCHIE, Manufacturer, and JAMES HAWKINS, Manu-
facturer, both of Hounslow, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OB
APPLICABLE TO DOORS AND WINDOWs," to be as follows :—
The object of the Invention is the more completely closing the door-
way or opening or frame (herein-after called "frame") within or to
which the door or window (herein-after called "door,") is applied so that
a door which without the appliance closes the frame but imperfectly,
may by means of the appliance have its area or surface enlarged or
extended to effect the object desired.
The Invention particularly applies to the case of a door swinging or
opening over a carpet or mat and working easily or loosely, which by
the application of the Invention may nevertheless he made to fill up the
frame, and more perfectly shut out the draft or current of air at the
bottom.

page_text: The desired lengthening or extending of the door on or at the edge
required (the bottom edge in the case above particularly mentioned) will
extend or enlarge its area or surface, and this we effect by a sliding
piece kept up or retained within the ordinary area or surface of the door
by means of a spring or springs, or wedge or wedges or equivalents, and 5
caused to drop down or protrude when the door is closed. Any con-
venient means of working the slide may be employed; the Invention
further includes fastening as well as closing the door in the frame.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING, LOWERING, AND DELIVERING COAL, GRAIN, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th October 1875.-A communication from abroad by William
H. Brown, of the City and State of New York, United States of
America.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co.,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING,
LOWERING, AND DELIVERING COAL, GRAIN, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, AND FOR OTHER
LIKE PURPOSES," a communication, to be as follows :-
The said Invention relates to apparatus termed elevators for raising,
lowering, and delivering cargoes of coal, grain, and other substances and
for other like purposes.
The materials or packages to be conveyed are carried in buckets or
on brackets on endless chains that pass over suitable rollers at each end
of a frame that is made in moveable sections, by the use or removal
of which, and by corresponding adjustments of the chains the length of
the apparatus may be regulated; where it is desirable to follow a curve
angular pieces are fitted between the sections.

page_text: In discharging coal or other similar material in bulk the elevator is
carried over a spout or hopper in an elevated frame, and the buckets arc
tripped at an adjustable point to deliver their contents to the spout.
In delivering boxes, barrels, or packages up the hatches, over the
bulwarks, and down to the wharf, the trip for reversing the bucket is
placed near the highest point, so that when the load carried by a bracket
is raised to that point it slides clear from that bracket to the one ahead
of it in the order of progression, which has been reversed for its reception,
and by which it is lowered to the place of delivery.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPLIANCES FOR RAISING SUNKEN VESSELS OR OTHER OBJECTS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hunter Rutherford at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st December 1875.
I, JOHN HUNTER RUTHERFORD, of the Town & County of Newcastle-
on-Tyne, Doctor of Medicine, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPLIANCES FOR RAISING SUNKEN
VESSELS OR OTHER OBJECTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improved method of and
appliances for raising sunken vessels or other objects. For this purpose
I use in the manner herein-after set forth wrought-iron hulls having
wrought-iron or wooden structures attached to them to fit the vessel or
other object to be raised. Two of the hulls are constructed rather
longer than the sunken vessel or other object, the said hulls having
strong wrought-iron projections at stem and stern. In conjunction with
these two hulls I use two smaller wrought-iron hulls, each of a length
somewhat exceeding the beam of the sunken vessel. These four hulls
are each built in water-tight compartments.
The hulls with their wrought-iron or wooden structures attached for
fitting the object to be raised are sunk and arranged around the sunken

page_text: vessel or other object to be raised, and are attached to each other in the
form of a dock by means of bolts, keys, chains, wire ropes, or other
suitable appliances. The sunken vessel or other object to be raised will
now lie in a cradle, and water being pumped out of the four hulls the
whole mass will rise to the surface when the necessary amount of t
buoyancy is attained. It can then be conveyed to the nearest dock.
In cases where apparatus according to my Invention is specially con-
structed for the raising of a particular vessel or object, and in con-
sequence of some peculiarity in dimensions or structure is not calculated
to be of future service in raising other objects, the hulls of the apparatus 1
may after the raising of the object for which they have been constructed
be utilized for various purposes.
My Invention is specially adapted for the raising of large vessels, as
for example, Her Majesty's ship "Vanguard," now sunk in the Irish
Channel.
1
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR ACCUMULATING HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Mesdach at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd March
1875.
I, LOUIS MESDACH, of the Firm Oeschger, Mesdach, and Co., of
Paris, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR ACCUMULATING HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE," to
be as follows :—
This Invention relates to apparatus for accumulating hydrostatic
pressure, commonly known as "accumulators," wherein water contained
in a vertical cylinder is subjected to pressure by means of a piston or
plunger carrying a receptacle or tank loaded with weights, which in
rising and falling with the plunger as water is forced into or withdrawn
from the cylinder maintains a constant pressure on the water.
According to the present improvements the apparatus is arranged in
an inverted position, that is to say, the plunger is fixed at bottom upon
a solid foundation, while the cylinder moves up and down over the upper
end thereof, being closed at its upper end and provided with the usual
gland and packing at the lower end where the plunger enters it. The

page_text: loaded tank is carried by the lower end of the cylinder; it is formed as a
cylindrical receptacle with the bottom bulged up to a considerable
height, and it is secured to the cylinder at the centre of such bulged up
part; by this means the greater part of the loaded tank is of annular
form suspended below its point of attachment to the cylinder, and the
centre of gravity of the tank being thus always below its point of
suspension, no matter to what height it is raised, no guides are required
to insure the stability of the apparatus. Access is gained to the gland
and packing of the cylinder situated within the cavity of the bulged up
bottom by means of man-holes formed through the annular part of the
tank.
In order to allow the cylinder to descend to the lower end of the fixed
plunger the foundation of the latter is formed as a raised pedestal of
smaller diameter than the hollow of the loaded tank, so that as the
cylinder descends the hollow of the loaded tank passes over the pedestal
of the plunger. The plunger is hollow, the water being introduced into
and withdrawn from it through pipes at bottom, and it communicates
at its upper end by means of apertures with the interior of the cylinder
so that the water can flow from the one into the other.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CENTRIFUGAL FLYERS FOR SLUBBING AND ROVING FRAMES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Nivin Cottrill at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th December 1875.
I, ROBERT NIVIN COTTRILL, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster,
Spindle and Flyer Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CENTRIFUGAL FLYERS FOR SLUBBING
AND ROVING FRAMES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in an improved mode of constructing the
pressers for limiting the range of centrifugal flyers. Near the end of
the flyer leg is fixed a pin which takes into a slot in the socket of the
presser, this slot is sufficiently long to allow the presser to press on the
bobbin when empty, and to be moved back to clear the bobbin when
full.
The nin
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ALARM SIGNALS TO BE USED ON RAILWAYS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Rowland at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
September 1875.
I, EDWARD ROWLAND, of Mottram, in the County of Chester, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF ALARM SIGNALS TO BE USED ON RAILWAYS, AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention is designed principally to be applied to railway
carriages as a means of communication between the passengers and the
guard and driver of the train, the object being to provide an alarm
which is simple, always ready for action, and requires no coupling or
connection when making up the train, or uncoupling or disconnection
when breaking up or rearranging the same.
The Invention consists chiefly of an inner fixed tube containing an
explosive charge or cartridge, and an outer tube sliding on the same,
and acting (when released) as a hammer for discharging the cartridge;
the inner tube is intended to be screwed on to the roof of a carriage
over the partition between two compartments; at a convenient distance

page_text: from its base it is provided with two slots through which project two
catches, which catches support the lower end of the outer tube which
slides on the inner or fixed tube as before stated; these two catches are
so arranged in any convenient manner that by pulling a cord or wire,
or pressing on a knob or projection in either compartment, the catches
are withdrawn into the fixed tube, and the outer tube then descends, and
by its weight explodes the charge or cartridge.
The charge may be made in the form of a ring placed round the lower
part of the fixed tube, and exploded by the lower end of the outer tube
in falling, or it may be in the form of an ordinary cylindrical cartridge,
and be placed in the upper part or mouth of the fixed tube; in this
case the outer tube is furnished with a hinged lid or cap which acts as a
hammer to explode the charge, and at the same time flies up to allow a
free vent for the explosion; or if preferred, two cartridges may be used,
the lower one to detonate merely so as to give a signal audible at both
ends of the train, and the upper one to light a colored or other fire as a
visible signal to indicate the particular carriage whence the alarm has
been given in the daytime the compartment would be indicated by
the position of the outer or sliding tube which would be lower than the
others.
It will be evident that this Invention with but slight modifications is
equally applicable for stationary, fog, or other signals upon railways, or
for a burglary alarm, and for other similar purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE to Steam BoileR OR OTHER FURNACES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Farrar, Joseph Farrar,
and Edward Farrar at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 24th August 1875.
We, JOHN FARRAR and JOSEPH FARRAR, of Elland, in the County of
York, Card Makers, and EDWARD FARRAR, of the same Place, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN OR APPLICABLE to Steam BoileR OR OTHER FURNACES," to be as follows:-
For
The object of this Invention is to economize and effect a better
combustion of fuel, and consume or prevent the escape of smoke.
this purpose we construct a "saddle" in one or more pieces of fire-clay,
which we place over the fire resting on each side of the grate bars of
the furnace. The saddle is of such dimensions as to leave a space
between the top or outside thereof and the flue of the boiler. One end
of the saddle is made up to form an ordinary bridge, and the saddle is
perforated so that the heat or flame and smoke are thus compelled to
pass through the perforations in the saddle and along the space between
the same and the flue, thus being brought directly in contact with the
whole of the heating surface of the boiler. In a short time the saddle

page_text: becomes of a * white heat" and the smoke from newly supplied fuel
passing through the perforations and over-the-surface-is-thoroughly-
consumed. The end of the saddle being made up it is impossible for any
portion of heat to pass through the flue without contributing to the heat
of the water in the boiler. The same effect may be produced by having
a saddle without perforations, and by the insertion of a plate of sheet
iron under the grates, thus causing the air to enter at the further end of
the furnace, and the products of the fire to pass out at the end nearest
the fire-doors, and thus along the whole upper surface of the saddle.
NEW AND USEFUL IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW BLIND AND CURTAIN ROLLERS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Henry Paling, of Loughborough, in the
County of Leicester, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "NEW AND
USEFUL IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW BLIND AND CURTAIN ROLLERS."—A
communication from abroad by Samuel Paling, of the Town of
Woodstock, in the County of Oxford, in the Province of Ontario,
in the Dominion of Canada, Carpenter.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Thomas Henry Paling at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 31st August 1875, pursuant to the 9th Section
of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.

page_text: '
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "NEW AND Useful
IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW BLIND and CURTAIN ROLLERS," and have petitioned
Her Majesty to grant unto me, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the same, and have made solemn
Declaration that it has been communicated to me from abroad by
Samuel Paling, of the Town of Woodstock, in the County of Oxford, in
the Province of Ontario, in the Dominion of Canada, Carpenter.
.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Henry Paling, do hereby.
declare that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and
seal, fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, in and by the following
statement and accompanying Drawings, that is to say :-
•
The Invention consists in the application and arrangement to a flexible
blind or curtain of a roller upon whose journals or ends are wound side
cords, which pass through eyes affixed in the top of the frame, and
thence through an eye placed between them, the ends of the cord com-
municating with a heavy tassel or weight to counterbalance the roller.
The weighted tassel on being drawn downwards winds the curtain upon
the roller upwards, and when the tassel is raised a contrary effect is
produced.
The annexed Drawing represents an elevation of a blind attached to
a window.
"A" represents the flexible blind or curtain affixed at top to the
frame, and at the bottom is mounted a roller "B" on the ends or
journals of which are wound-side-cords "C, C," which_pass through
eyes "D, D," or other contrivance in the head of the frame perpendi-
cular to the ends of the rollers, and thence through a similar central
eye E above the blind A. The end of the cords C, C, are attached to a
tassel of weight F, which should be only sufficient to counterbalance the
weight of the roller and blind. When the weight F is moved either
upwards or downwards by hand, the roller unwinds, or winds itself from
the cords C, and thus' lowers or raises the blind A from below as may be
required.
I claim as my Invention the flexible blind or curtain A provided with,

page_text: tr
a roller "B," cords C, C, eyes D, D, E, and weighted tassel F, arranged
and operating substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Henry Paling, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of August, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.
THOMAS HENRY PALING. . (L.S.)
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS TO PREVENT THEIR PRIMING
Year: 1875

page_text: 9
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Simmons at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th January
1875.
I, CHARLES SIMMONS, of Pitsmore, Sheffield, in the County of York,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS TO PREVENT THEIR PRIMING,” to be
as follows:-
-
My Invention consists in certain improvements in steam boilers, by
which I obviate what is commonly called "priming;" this I effect by
the following arrangement:-I place a pipe of cast iron or other suitable
material inside the boiler, the lower end of which must extend below the
surface of the water, the upper end reaching as high above the surface as
it can be placed conveniently, and by preference immediately under the
end of the steam outlet pipe. The top part of the said pipe being
sufficiently enlarged to allow the end of the steam outlet pipe or a nozzle
projecting therefrom to extend for some distance down, leaving a space
(of at least as great an area as the outlet pipe) between the inner
surface of the first-named pipe and the outer surface of the outlet pipe

page_text: "
or nozzle, the object of this space being that when the boiler "primes
instead of the steam passing direct through the outlet, carrying with it
referred
more or less water, it has to pass downwards through the space
to between the two pipes; in so doing the water is separated from the
steam and falls back into the boiler, and the free steam turns up through |
the outlet pipe.
The wide pipe referred to may be of the same width throughout, but I
prefer it to be "bill-mouthed" or conical, the widest part to be upper-
most, and to facilitate the separation of water from the steam I prefer
placing cross bars or greting in the space between the wide or bill-
mouthed and the inner pipes; these bars or grating may be placed
only at the top of the wide pipe, but I prefer them to extend all the way
from the top edge of the wide pipe downwards to the entrance of the
nozzle or outlet steam pipe. These bars or strips may be straight from
top to bottom, but they may be curved or corrugated, which latter form
I consider better in boilers subject to sudden increase of heat.
The "antiprimer" may be cast in one piece, leaving a flange at the
top of the nozzle or inner pipe to connect it with the main supply, and
a flange at the bottom of the wide or bill-mouthed pipe, to which any
suitable continuation may be connected, or it may be made in parts and
put together when being fixed in the boiler.
NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CASTING STEEL IN INGOT MOULDS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles John Copeland at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th November 1875.
I, CHARLES JOHN COPELAND, of Barrow-in-Furness, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "NEW
OR IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CASTING STEEL IN INGOT MOULDS,"
to be as follows:-
According to this Invention I subject steel to pressure immediately it
has been run into the ingot mould in order to improve its density and
texture. For this purpose I employ the usual stopper plate, which I
place on the top of the fluid steel in the ingot mould; I then imme-
diately apply mechanical pressure on the top of the stopper plate by
screw or lever appliances. This may be done in several different ways.
According to one I insert a cross bar in the loops at the top of the
mould, and by a screw threaded through the cross bar and abutting with
its bottom against the stopper plate I apply the desired pressure,

page_text: According to another mode I joint or otherwise connect a lever to the
top of the stopper plate, which lever is fixed on a weigh shaft carried by
lugs cast on the upper part of the ingot mould, and by turning the said
weigh shaft the pressure is applied to the stopper, and kept on by means
of a ratchet wheel and pawl, or by other gearing.
The mall
1
Ja to the unna plate an unt
f
The mould may either be fastened down to the runner plate or not.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WHITE LEAD
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Lang at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
October 1875.
I, WILLIAM LANG, the younger, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Lead Refiner, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WHITE
LEAD," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of white
lead, and it has for its object to produce that material of very pure
colour with the requisite "body."
In order to carry out this Invention it is essential that the litharge
used be manufactured from chemically pure lead, and for this purpose
it is preferred to produce the litharge from lead desilverized or refined
by the zinc process. The litharge after being finely levigated is mixed
with 4 or 5 per cent. of pure acetate of lead, and these are worked,
commingled, and ground together by edge runners or equivalent
mechanism. The finely ground mixture of litharge and lead acetate
is then mixed with water to the extent of 11 times its weight or there-

page_text: abouts, in which it is kept suspended, and during the time it is so
suspended one or more streams of carbonic acid gas is or are admitted
thereinto, and the lead carbonate, otherwise known as white lead or
ceruse, is formed.
To collect the carbonate of lead it is preferably separated under
pressure through cloths or by equivalent means, and dried in the usual
way.
AN IMPROVED Railway BRAKE
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Foster, of 87, Grange Road,
Bermondsey, India-rubber Manufacturer, for tho Invention of
"AN IMPROVED Railway BRAKE."
Sealed the 9th March 1875, and dated the 1st January 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robert Foster
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 1st January 1875.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT FOSTER, of 87, Grange Road, Bermondsey, India-
rubber Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED RAILWAY BRAKE," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to more readily stop a train when in
motion. For this purpose I use hydraulic or air pumps which are fixed
on the engine tender, and also on each carriage if preferred. The power
of the engine will be used to work the pumps; the carriages can be
connected by flexible tubes, so that the whole of the pumps may

page_text: be worked from the engine and be under the control of the engine
driver.
To form the brake a strong shoe is fixed on the end of the rod of the
cylinder of the pump, which is inverted, and when set in motion the
shoes will be forced down on the rails, so that they will lift the carriages
and engine, and thus stop the propelling power.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Shaw Lewis and Auguste
Copic at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 17th March 1875.
We, SAMUEL SHAW LEWIS, of Boston, Massachusetts, United States of
America, now of No. 8, Southampton Buildings, London, and AUGUSTE
COPIE, of No. 12, Bolsover Street, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF SOAP," to be as follows:-
The said Invention relates to the mode and means for improving the
qualities and decreasing the cost of hard, soft, and toilet soaps. We
dissolve ordinary soap and mix with the solution china clay or potatoe flour,
or both these ingredients, or other ingredients of a similar nature, to give
the required consistency, according to the kind of soap desired, and for
the purpose of obtaining a compound of less cost than the soap which
we use in the manufacture of our improved soap. We use this
compound as a vehicle or body to hold the chemicals, and mix
therewith about fifty per cent. of silicate of soda, at about 140°
Twaddle. The silicate of potash of about 60° Twaddle may be used as a
substitute for the silicate of soda or in conjunction with the same. We

page_text: also add to the compound a portion of "poudre de savon de palm," the
proportion depending upon the use for which the soap is intended.
In manufacturing soft soap we wash out a portion of the alkali, and
add a like amount of silicate of soda or silicate of potash without the
other ingredients, and in manufacturing toilet soap we also prefer to
recover a portion of the alkali, and we use a somewhat less proportion,
from 20 to 25 per cent. of silicate of soda, which renders it an emollient
to the skin. We add perfume when the compound is cooling for the toilet
soap in the usual manner. The detergent or cleansing property of this
soap is the silicate of soda, the other material being employed chiefly as
a vehicle for the silicate; the active agent being the silicate of soda,
alkali is not necessary to produce the cleansing, and it is desirable to
avoid its use as far as possible.
The substitution of silicate of soda or potash in the given proportions
for the acids or alkalies commonly employed produces a soap with
much stronger detergent properties avoiding the injurious effect of the
said acids or alkalies upon the fabric, and at much less cost than ordinary
soap.
IMPROVEMENTS In Railway CarRIAGE AND OTHER WHEELS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Berry and
Charles Hudson Booth at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 17th March 1875.
We, WILLIAM HENRY BERRY, Engineer, and CHARLES HUDSON BOOTH,
Mechanic, both of the Town and County of the Town of Nottingham,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
In Railway CarRIAGE AND OTHER WHEELS," to be as follows:-
When constructing wheels for railway carriages we employ naves of
cast or wrought iron, steel, brass, or other suitable metal, turned up on
both sides to receive two dished plates, each bored out to fit the nave
upon which they are placed with their convex sides outwards, the plates
are turned up true on their outer circumference to fit inside a tire, which
is turned up on both sides to receive them, the dished plates are then
secured to both nave and tire by rivets or otherwise; a wheel thus
constructed allows of the free contraction and expansion of the tire; the

page_text: dished plates are of wrought iron or steel and the tires of either metal;
when making wheels for colliery purposes we construct them in the same
way, but employ a cast or wrought iron nave with dished plates of stcel
or wrought iron, and a tire of chilled cast iron; the dished plates we
sometimes perforate.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BURRING OR CLEANING WOOL, COTTON, FLAX, SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bernoulli Barlow at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 7th July 1875.—A communication from abroad by the "Saxon
Machine Works," Chemnitz, in the Kingdom of Saxony.
I, HENRY BERNOULLI BARLOW, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BURRING OR CLEANING WOOL,
COTTON, FLAX, SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," a communication to
me from abroad by the "Saxon Machine Works," Chemnitz, in the
Kingdom of Saxony, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in separating the burrs and other impurities
from the fibres by means of combs, which pass up and down through the
lap of fibres. The lap of fibres is kept in a state of tension by means of
rollers, which are acted upon by spring levers, and the combs pass
rapidly to and fro in opposite directions through the lap; the burrs or
other impurities are separated from the fibres by the combs, and
presented by them to revolving ribbed rollers, which strike them off the

page_text: D
points of the combs into suitable receptacles. The ribbed rollers are
kept clean by brushes. By means of this Invention the burrs and other
impurities are picked out of the fibres, and the injurious action of the
beaters and knife rollers on the fibres are avoided, the quality of the
work is improved, and the quantity increased.
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