IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF ANHYDROUS SULPHURIC ACID
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Heinrich Gottlieb Bernhard Rober, of Dresden, in the
Kingdom of Saxony, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF ANHYDROUS SULPHURIC ACID." A communication from Mr.
Johann August Wilhelm Wolters, Dr. Phil., of Brunswick, in the Dukedom of
Brunswick, resident at Kalk, near Cologne.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Heinrich Gottlieb Bernhard.
Rober at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th June
1878.
HEINRICH GOTTLIEB BERNHARD ROBER, of Dresden, in the Kingdom of Saxony.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ANHYDROUS SULPHURIC ACID." [A
communication from Mr. Johann August Wilhelm Wolters, Dr. Phil., of Brunswick,
in the Dukedom of Brunswick, resident at Kalk, near Cologne.]
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of anhydrous
sulphuric acid.
The method of producing an anhydrous combination fit for the manufacture of
anhydrous sulphuric acid (SO) depends upon the property of a combination
of anhydrous bisulphate of sodium with anhydrous sulphate of magnesium
(SO,Na + SO, + SO,Mg) to liberate anhydrous sulphuric acid at a temperature
much lower than the alkaline combination alone gives off the anhydrite.
In the first place anhydrous bisulphate of sodium is obtained by the known
process of heating sulphate of sodium with sulphuric acid, and anhydrous sulphate
of magnesium by heating crystalized sulphate of magnesium.
Instead of the combination of sodium that of potassium, and instead of the com-
bination of magnesium other vitriols (SO, R + 70H) as that of calcium may be
emploved

page_text: The further operations aim at uniting the anhydrous combinations by exposing
them to a temperature which just fuses the alkaline combination. On raising the
heat a little the anhydrite is delivered, and is collected.
The operations of uniting the anhydrous bodies and that of expelling the
anhydrite can be combined without dainage, and becomes a single operation in
practice. The resulting sulphate of sodium and sulphate of magnesium is separated
by water by well known means in order to serve again to produce anhydrite.
Having explained the chemical principles of the manufacture I shall proceed to
describe the apparatus I employ, which are represented in the accompanying
Drawing.
Figure J., longitudinal section of the calciner; Figures II. and III., transverse
sections of the same.
Figure IV., longitudinal section of the heating retort; Figure V., details of the
closing of the same.
Figure VI., distilling apparatus.
Figure VIa., details of the water-closing valve.
The calciner is provided with a grate E, the fire-gas heats a plato F, and rises
aside up to the closed box G, from which it reaches the fluc.
A chain H, H, runs over two pulleys F, F, in the direction of the arrows, carrying
the material from the hopper K over the heated planes G and F to the vessel L, as
shown in Figures I., II., III.
That part of the heating retort which is exposed to the fire consists of burned
clay.
On both sides, especially constructed, closings M, M, are adapted, which Figure V.
shows, to a larger scale.
The table m, which is to be moved by wheelwork, serves to receive the raw
material in the dishes m². As soon as the table is elevated from its position m³,
Figure IV., towards the mouth, it closes the opening below the mouth, and now it
is possible to open the retort R by putting the cover m³ into the position indicated
by the dotted lines, and to introduce and to remove the dishes 'm² by means of a
fork m. The retorts are heated by gas or direct firing. All the manipulation is
rendered continuous by this construction.
Figures VI. and VIa. represent the distilling apparatus; the vessel S is of
glazed clay or enamelled iron; the firing is arranged as commonly. The conduit
pipes 8, 8, are furnished with peculiar valves s¹, s¹, Figure VIa. The valve 82
closes when it occupies the dotted situation against the upper part, and when the
valve is lowered it closes the eduction opening below, leading into the receivers,
which serve for storing the ready anhydrous sulphuric acid.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Heinrich Gottlieb Bernhard Rober in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 24th December 1878.
HEINRICH GOTTLIEB BERNHARD ROBER, of Dresden, in the Kingdom of Saxony.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ANHYDROUS SULPHURIC ACID." A
communication from Mr. Johann August Wilhelm Wolters, Dr. Phil., of Brunswick,
in the Dukedon of Brunswick, resident at Kalk, near Cologne.
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of anhydrous
sulphuric acid.
The method of producing an anhydrous combination fit for the manufacture of
anhydrous sulphuric acid (SO.) depends upon the property of a combination of
anhydrous bisulphate of sodium with anhydrous sulphate of magnesium (SO, Na, +
SO, SO, Mg) to liberate anhydrous sulphuric acid at a temperature much lower
than the alcaline coinbination alone gives off the anhydrite.
In the first place, anhydrous bisulphate of sodium is obtained by the known
process of heating sulphate of sodium with sulphuric acid, and anhydrous sulphate
of magnesium by heating crystallized sulphate of magnesium.
Instead of tho combination of sodium that of potassium, and instead of the com-
bination of magnesium other vitriols (SOR + 70H) as that of calcium may be
employed.
The further operations aim at uniting the anhydrous combinations by exposing
them to a temperature which just fuses the alkaline combination. On raising the
heat a little the anhydrite is delivered, and is collected.
The operations of uniting the anhydrous bodies, and that of expelling the
anhydrite can be combined without damage, and becomes a single operation in
practice. The resulting sulphate of sodium and sulphate of magnesium is separated
by water by well-known means in order to serve again to producing anhydrite.
Or the combination of neutral salts residuary after the distillation of bisulphato
of sodium with sulphate of magnesia is ground in a suitable mill, and the powder
obtained is well mixed with sulphuric acid. I afterwards, by heating to a high
degree, develope the anhydrous sulphuric acid. In this mode of proceeding I prefer
to take one equivalent of acid to two equivalents of salt, because in taking one
equivalent of acid to one equivalent of salt only one half of the acid will be de-
veloped hydrated. The strength of the acid I employ is 60°, the mixed powder
and acid is driod before submitting it to the high heat. The residue is separated by
crystallization, and serves again, with the addition of acid, to produce anhydrite.
Having explained the chemical principles of the manufacture I shall proceed
to describe the apparatus I employ, which is represented on the accompanying
Drawing.
Figure I., longitudinal section of the calciner; Figures II. and III., transverse
sections of the same.
Figure IV., longitudinal section of the heating retort; Figure V., details of the
closing of the same.
Figure VI., distilling apparatus.
Figure VI., details of the water-closing valve.
The calciner is provided with a grate E; the fire-gas heats a plate F, and rises
at the sides up to the closed box G, from which it reaches the flue."
A chain H, H, runs over two pulleys F, F, in the direction of the arrows, carrying
the material from the hopper K over the heated planes G and I to the vessel L, as
shown in Figures I., II., III.
That part of the heating retort which is exposed to the fire consists of burned
clay.
On both sides, specially constructed, closings M, M, are adapted, which Figure V.
shows to a larger scale.

page_text: The table m, which is to be moved by wheelwork, serves to receive the raw
material in the dishes m². As soon as the table is elevated from its position m',
Figure IV., towards the mouth, it closes the opening below the mouth, and now it
is possible to open the retort R by putting the cover m³ into the position indicated
by the dotted lines, and to introduce and to remove the dishes m³ by means of a
'fork m. The retorts are heated by gas or direct firing. All the manipulation is
rendered continuous by this construction.
Figures VI. and VI. represent the distilling apparatus; the vessel S is of glazed
clay or enammelled iron; the firing is arranged as commonly. The conduit pipes 8, 8,
arc furnished with peculiar valves 81, 8', Figure VI.. The valve 83 closes when it
occupies the dotted situation against the upper part, and when the valve is lowered
it closes the eduction opening below leading into the receivers which serve for
storing the anhydrous sulphuric acid.
I claim as follows:―