CERTAIN IMPROVE MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS, VELVETS, AND OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1852

page_text: "BAREAU'S SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PIERRE
HENRI BAREAU, of Paris, in the Republic of France, Manufacturer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria; by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Eighth day of March,
One, thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, in the fifteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Pierre Henri Bareau, my exors, admors, and assigns, Her especial licence;
full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Pierro Henri Bareau,
my exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Pierre Henri
Bareau, my exors, admors, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in the Islands
of Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, and also in all. Her said
Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVE
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS, VELVETS, AND OTHER FABRICS;" in
which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso that I, the said Pierre
Henri Bareau, shall cause a particular, description of the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument

page_text: in writing under my hand and seal, to be enrolled in Her said Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference
being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Pierre Henri Bareau, do hereby declare that the nature of my Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had
to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked
thereon (that is to say):
-
My Invention consists in a new system or mode of manufacturing tissues,
velvets, and other fabrics, which is accomplished by an improved loom, which
I shall now proceed to describe, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
attached.
Figure 1 is a side elevation of a moveable warp fitted with a small nipper H
and reed J. Figure 2 is a side elevation of a portion of a loom taken on the
right side, the frame being removed therefrom; the arm N carrying the
nipper G is shortened so that the nippers may not be concealed by the
bracket E. The part marked H has been removed. Figure 3 is a section of
the Figure 5, on the line v, d. Figure 4 are parts of the moveable warps.
Figure 5 is an elevation of the back part of the loom, shewing the move-
ment M. Figure 6 is a plan of the parts G and H at the moment the wool
is seized by the two nippers. Figure 7 is a section of Figure 6 through
the line E, D. Figure 8 is a section of the part H through the line n, d,
(Fig. 6). Figure 9 is a section of Figure 5, through the line A, B, Fig. 3.
Figure 10 is an elevation of the blades P, and Figure 11 a plan of the same.
Figure 12 is a section of the same on the line Y', X'. Figure 13 is a section
of the comb f, and resting points with blades P. Figure 14 represents the
same, with grooved irons R. The Figures 1, 2, 4, 13, 14, are drawn to
a scale of 13, & 14, of the real size. The different parts of the loom
however vary in dimensions, according to the tissue to be manufactured,
especially the reeds J. A design being given, I arrange as many warp of
wool as there are transverse lines in the Drawing, each warp being rolled on a
cylinder I. Each cylinder is furnished with a warp, containing a number of
threads equal to the number of squares contained in one line of the design.
To each of these threads, passed through one of the teeth of the reed J, I
attach a thread of wool of the color shewn in the corresponding square of
the design, and I roll it round the cylinder I as an ordinary warp. The
length of the warp is determined by the repetitions to be made for every line

page_text: of the design, and the length given to the lines. Endless chains serve to
shorten the process of fixing the warp, and allow to employ them all without
the ordinary loss. At the extremity of each warp of wool is fixed a small
nipper H, from which passes a length of wool sufficient to be seized by the
nipper G.
Figure 1 represents a general view of what I call a moveable chain. Each
moveable chain bears the number of the corresponding line of the design, and
is placed in a box divided into a certain number of compartments. The box
is placed near each loom, and a turn-table. When the first box has made the
first portion of the design, it passes to another loom, and is replaced by the
second box, and so on, till it returns in its turn to the first loom. The shape
of these boxes, and the mode of causing the moveable chains to circulate, with
or without a box, from one loom to the other, may be greatly varied. The
more lines contained in a design the greater will be the number of looms
which can work the same design simultaneously. The descending reeds are
composed of as many teeth as there are transverse lines in the design. The
teeth are proportioned to the fineness of the tissue, and may be made of all
sizes. J, Figures 3 and 5, represent wooden teeth set in wood, and in Figures
1, 2, 4, they are of metal, soldered on to a metal bar. O is a guide, intended
to receive the nipper H when at rest. The distance between the guide O and
the spring K is equal to the thickness of the part (Figure 6) of O which
engaged in the guide X. K, spring. His a small pincer or nipper, shewn in
Figures 6, 7, and 8. It is composed of two separate metal blades; 6 is the
upper blade, which carries a shaft P, fixed by bearings to a part of the blade
bent for that purpose. It is fitted with a hook v and a lever l, and is pierced
in front of the hooks n, n, to allow them to pass. These hooks n, n, are fixed
to the under blade p. u carries a notched plate facing the hooks. The
blade p being placed under the wool threads, and the blade 6 above them,
the axletree u is turned by the lever l in such manner that its notches are
perpendicular. The hooks 16, 16, will cross between the woollen threads
and the notches of the blades p and 6, and by keeping p and 6 pressed
together, and by pressing 1, the axletree u will turn in its bearings, and its
notches will resume a horizontal position. The hooks 16, 16, retained
by the notches, will serve to press the blade p against the blade 6, and the
warp will be kept between these two blades as much by pressure as by
the shape of their grooves. The lever may be held by any suitable
fastening. The nippers G consist of two blades of metal, joined by a hinge
on a shaft m. To the under blade is fixed a toothed rod n, and to the upper

page_text: one is fixed an axis o, pinion p, a lever t, and a catch U. This catch serves
to maintain the levert in the position shewn, and keep the wool between
the jaws and s'. When the lever t is brought to the position of t', the
pinions p, p, will turn on their axis and gear with the teeth of n, n, they
will thus cause the jaws r', s', to open. Thus it is sufficient to conduct the
lever from t to tin order to open the nipper, and to bring it back to t
to close it. x is a guide, intended to receive the blade C, and made on this
account longer than the blade 6; its object is to present regularity between
R and S, the extremity of the woolen threads which they grasp when closing.
The motion M is for the purpose of changing the point of introduction of the
wool between the threads of the ordinary warp, Fig. 3, 5, 9. 8 is a wire or cord,
which being drawn by any suitable mechanism, drags the levers e in the same
direction, and the axis A turning with the pinions b, gives a horizontal
movement to the rack G and to the ordinary reed f, which is fixed to one of
its extremities; this consequently pulls the chain threads passed through its
teeth. These threads being displaced, the teeth of the descending reed
penetrating this warp will not enter between the same threads. The extent
of this motion varies according to the effect desired, being regulated by the
length of the traverse of the leader and by that of the lever itself. The length
of the traverse is made between the stops 1, 1', and the extremities of the
regulating screws d, d. A spring placed over a round part of the slide C,
and bearing against the stop h, brings m to rest, as when the pull has ceased.
Another elastic apparatus is situated between the lever and the power, to
receive any excess of power employed. If I require two motions differing in
extent, I attach to A a second lever e', with its accessories l', g', d'; this lever
will be fixed on a, or will turn freely with an appendix i, by means of which
it will cause e to describe the same arc of a circle as itself; the pull remains
the same, and the lever being double, the length the are described will be
half the size, and likewise the displacement of the threads will be in the
same proportion. The advantages of this arrangement, to replace in the
tissue each line of the design by a certain number of finer lines, the points
thus grouped form a fine tissue; it also admits of the employment of
longitudinal blades P, which will cut the pile themselves, in place of the
ordinary blades.
Figures 10, 11, and 12.-z represent two half circles of metal, notched at
equal distances, to maintain the blades P, P, parallel to one another. A rod y
crosses all these blades, to keep them against z; they are shortened at the
point P, P, and are raised at every throw of the shuttle by a cord e.

page_text: A blade P is placed in each of the spaces 6, 10, of Fig. 13. The first point
of setting being made facing the 7th and 11th space, cord g, in Figure 5,
will cause the lever e to meet d; the reed f must be advanced to the right
with the cutting blades P passed between the teeth, and the second resting
point the same; and this part will be pushed to the right, with the blades p
passed in the teeth; and the second point of setting being made facing the
fourth and eighth spaces, the wool being placed on P, P. At the 3rd point
of setting the pull will act no longer, the spring k will have brought back the
part f to its usual position, and the wool, of penetrating between the same
threads as before, will have placed itself on P, the fourth part being
like the second. The material being constantly kept rolled by the regulator,
the wool will be cut by the blades P, P".
:
Figure 14 represents the four same points with ordinary blades. The
working of the blades, the number of throws of the shuttle, the material,
single or double, may be varied, as for ordinary tissues. The wool L at one
time engaged in the nipper G, or kept back by one or two throws of the
weft, each moveable chain becomes, without speaking of the advantages
procured by the motion m, an ordinary warp, which I introduce in the
tissue, either with a setter F, or a simple guide fixed to the reed For
slay D.
In working this loom, the first moveable chain that represents the first row
of the Drawing being introduced in the opening of the setter, I open the nipper
G, and move the lever T to T', I take H to O, I introduce P in the guides
placed at each extremity of the nipper G, and introduce the wool which has
been left out of the nippers H between the jaws r and 8'. The nippers H are
withdrawn and the setter Y is lowered, as in the second Figure, that is to say,
the wool which is introduced by the teeth of the comb between the threads of
the fixed chain and the shuttle is then thrown to fasten the wool in the tissue,
and Y is brought back to y' to allow the throws of the slay and the throws of
the shuttle forming the body of the fabric. The nipper G, as soon as the
wool is sufficiently fastened in the tissue, is opened to release it, and is turned
towards the workman. When the nipper G has kept too great a quantity of
wool I withdraw it by making it slide during the first throws of the warp
before it comes too firmly attached after having made, by means of the first
chain, the number of lines reqd, with or without the mechanism replaced by
the blades P or ordinary grooved irons. The nipper H is replaced in such
manner that in the cutting the wool between this nipper and the material, the
height of the pile reqd for the velvet remains on the side of the staff & out

page_text: of the nipper & not necessary to be taken between r', s'. When this chair
makes a new row of the design, a guide may give this height as req. His
now carried back to O and the moveable chain put in its place in the box. 1
continue the working with the second in a similar manner to the first, and so
on. For certain kinds of velvet tissues the wool is fixed by several
I bind them in the same manner, since I can introduce the wool when req
between the threads of the chains. The motions of the mechanism m may be
used for the purpose of binding the wool lays on one or several threads of
the chain, which make it stronger. My process may be also applied to
tissues. For ribbed tissues, for instance, the rib must be produced by a thick
warp and the interval by a fine warp; the design would be produced by the
moveable chains, as for velvets, but the number of teeth, the nature of the
wool, and the quantity to put in each tooth must be combined in such manner
as sufficiently to cover the rib. If every moveable chain were only to make
a line of the design, or only one or two ribs, it would then be easy and
advantageous to make a velvet tissue on the wrong side by cutting regularly
the wool as for ordinary velvet tissue. By placing under the tissue, and
between the warp and the wool, the rods employed for tissues, I produce this
tissue under. Sometimes I make the groundwork of the fabric by the
ordinary means, and I introduce only the design by my process; for instance,
I thus produce raised velvet designs on the groundwork of a smooth tissue.
It must be well understood that in that case the teeth of the reed &
corresponding to the design and filled with wool, the other teeth remain
empty.
I claim,-
1st. The moveable warps serving each, to make one or several transverse
lines of the fabric.
2nd. The descending reeds introducing between the threads of the fixed
warp the woollen threads forming the visible part of the tissue.
3rd. The use of the small nippers G in connection with the moveable
warps and the descending reeds, or with each separately, and serving to hold
the woollen threads.
4th. The use of the large nippers G in connection with the moveable
warps and descending reeds, or with each separately, serving to hold the
extremities of the threads and keep them on the stuff.
5th. The mechanism or guide which, used in connection with the moveable
warps and descending reeds, or with each separately, enables the workman
to change the point of introduction of the woollen threads across the threads

page_text: of the ordinary warp, the change of which is only obtained by the removal
sideways of the threads of the fixed warp.
In witness whereof, I, the said Pierre Henry Bareau, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this First day of September, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-two.