IMPROVEMENTS IN PISTONS, FOR STEAM, GAS, AIR, OR WATER ENGINE, CYLINDERS
Year: 1884

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
I JAMES SMALLEY No. 9 Southwood Road St Michaels Hamlet Toxteth Park
near Liverpool Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN PISTONS, FOR STEAM, GAS, AIR, OR WATER ENGINE, CYLINDERS,
to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to reduce the friction in the cylinders of Steain
and other Engines, produced by the constant, and often excessive pressure, of the
various kinds of metal springs, now used for the purpose of expanding the packing
rings, and making a steam tight piston.
To accomplish the above object, I construct the body part of the piston with a
flange, fitting the bore of the cylinder, and placed about the middle of the block,
so as to divide or separate one side of the piston from the other, making in fact
two pistons in the same thickness or depth usually occupied by one. I may make
this middle flange either solid with the body part, or in a removable forin, of a
Tee or any other section as may be most convenient. In some instances 1 may use
two junk rings-one for each side-and in others one only, and make the flange of
the ordinary piston, available at that side, in which case, I fit a metal ring of Tee
or other section, to form the middle flange. On either side of this flange, in the
annular space between it and the junk rings, I fit a metal ring of a triangular
section, the base resting on the flange, and the vertical sides touching the interior
surface of the cylinder; The ring on each side of the middle flange being cut
through diagonally in one place, I tit a metal plate on the interval surface of each
ring, to cover the cut, and at the same time allow the rings to expand. Through
the junk rings which are secured to the body part of the piston by bolts in the
usual way I drill holes or form openings, to admit the steam or other fluid, into
the space remaining between the packing ring and the body of the piston, the
steam or other fluid, acting alternately on the inner surface of each packing ring,
expands them to the cylinder, thus making an easy, elastic, and tight piston.

page_text: DEFINICATION,
"
I JAMES SMALLEY of 9 Southwood Road St. Michaels Hamlet Toxteth Park
near Liverpool, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PISTONS FOR STEAM GAS AIR OR WATER ENGINE CYLINDERS
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
1
The object of this invention is to reduce the friction in the cylinders of steam
and other engines, produced by the constant and often excessive pressure of the
various kinds of metal springs now used, for the purpose of expanding the packing
rings and making a steam tight piston.
To accomplish the above object I construct the body part of the piston with a
flange fitting the bore of the cylinder, and placed about the middle of the block,
so as to divide or separate one side of the piston from the other, making in fact
two pistons in the same thickness or depth usually occupied by one.
I may make this middle flange either solid with the body part, or in a removable
form of a Tee or any other section as may be most convenient. In some instances
I may use two junk rings (one for each side) and in others, one only, and make
the flange of the ordinary piston available at that side, in which case I fit a metal
ring of Tee or other section to form the middle flange. On either side of this
flange, in the annular space between it and the junk rings I fit a metal ring of
a triangular section with the apex removed. The base rests on the flange, and the
vertical touches the interior surface of the cylinder, The ring on each side of the
middle flange is cut through diagonally in one place. I fit a metal plate on the
internal surface of each ring to cover the cut and at the same time allow the rings
to expand.
Through the junk rings which are secured to the body part of the piston by
bolts in the usual way I drill holes or form openings to admit the steam or other
fluid into the space between the.packing ring and the body of the piston, the steam
or other fluid acts alternately on the inner surface of each packing ring and
expands them against the interior surface of the cylinder thus making an easy
elastic and tight piston.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a transverse section, and fig. 2 a plan illustrative of two methods of
construction under my invention below the line A A. a is the piston rod, 6 body
of piston made with a central projecting flange c and fitted at each side with a
junk ring dd, e e¹ packing rings cut diagonally and fitted each with a metal
plate fto make a tight joint. gg' holes through the junk rings opening from the
cylinder into spaces h h between the piston and the rings e e¹. set screws for
securing the junk rings to the body of the piston. It will be obvious that when

page_text: alternately and press the packing rings e e¹ owing to their form both against the
sides of the cylinder and the flange c thus preventing the passage of the actuating
fluid from one side of the piston to the other.
Above the line A A the piston a is shown made with a flange j instead of with
a junk ring, and the central flange c is made Tee shaped, and removable, one junk
ring only being used in this instance.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
First. The combination with the piston body a of junk rings d d having
openings g' therethrough and packing rings e e¹ constructed and disposed
substantially as herein set forth.
Second. The combination with the piston body a of the removable piece c junk
ring d, openings g and piston rings e e¹ substantially as set forth.
J. T. KING,
Per J. Richman,
Agent for the Applicant.