matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN OIL CANS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Bramwell at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th December 1876.
ROBERT BRAMWELL, of Buxton, in the County of Derby, Sewing Machine
Dealer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN OIL CANS."
The object of this Invention is the construction of a transparent oil can, the
contents of which can be forced out in any desired quantity by pressure exercised
from the outside, and consists in forming the body of such oil can of transparent
glass, and of a conical or other suitable shape; the neck of this can being con-
nected to a suitable metallic spout by an india-rubber ball or air chamber, con-
structed of tin or any other suitable material, in such a manner that by squeezing
or otherwise pressing such air chamber a pressure may be exercised upon the con-
tents of the oil can so as to force out a large or small quantity, as desired, for
lubricating or other purposes.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN MANIFOLD COPYING
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew White Tuer at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd August 1876.
ANDREW WHITE TUER, of the Firm of Field and Tuer, of No. 50, Leadenhall
Street, in the City of London, Manufacturing Stationer. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
MANIFOLD COPYING."
This Invention has for its object an improvement in manifold copying, and
relates to the use in conjunction with carbonic paper of a paper of a special kind,
which I manufacture without the oil, greasy, or inflammable materials heretofore
employed in the manufacture of manifold paper.
IMPROVED COMPOSITIONS ADAPTED PRINCIPALLY FOR APPLICATION TO STRAPS OR BELTS AND BANDS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Wrigley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th October 1876.
"
JOHN WRIGLEY, of Eccles, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturer of
Compositions. IMPROVED COMPOSITIONS ADAPTED PRINCIPALLY FOR APPLICATION
TO STRAPS OR BELTS AND BANDS."
My Invention relates more particularly to the leather straps and belts, and to the
bands employed in the transmission of power and motion, and has for its object to
increase their efficiency and durability. To this end I treat the said straps and
bands with the compositions herein-after indicated.
When preparing a composition suitable for application to leather straps and belts,
I incorporate tallow or fatty matter, resin, castor oil, lamb's black, and bone black.
I melt the tallow in a
The incorporation may be effected in any suitable manner.
suitable vessel and add the resin, and when the latter is also melted I add the oil.
The two blacks in powder are next added, and the mixture thoroughly stirred and
incorporated.
When preparing a composition suitable for application to bands, as for example to
the "rim bands" employed in machinery used in the spinning of fibrous materials, [
incorporate tallow, resin, castor oil, lamb's black, chloride of sodium, molasses, and
pulverised china clay.
The several compositions may be applied to the straps and bands whilst the
said straps and bands are in motion, and be repeated at intervals whenever con-
sidered to be desirable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITIL."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Berry at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd December 1876.
BENJAMIN BERRY, of Harris Street, Bradford, in the County of York, Machine
Maker. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITIL."
The object of my Invention relates to certain improvements in the method of and
apparatus for regulating the tension of the warp in the loom whilst weaving
without the use of ropes, chains, levers, and weights hitherto in common use.
The first part of my Invention relates to breaking the warp beam to which I
secure at one or both ends a metal collar, on which 1 place one end of a longitudinal
bracket which is secured to any convenient part of the framework of the loom and
is formed by two bars; the inside or the portions opposite to each other are parallel ;
one end of these bars which I call the top of the bracket are secured together by a
cross bar which is cast to and forms part of the bracket; the other end of theso
parallel bars are cast together and arranged so as to form an eye, the internal
diameter of which is a little larger than the before-named metal collar; between the
parallel bars of the bracket I place a sliding block, and between this sliding block
and the cross bar at the top of the bracket I place a spiral spring; through the
cross bar at the top of the bracket and the centre of the spiral spring I pass a rod
which is screwed through the sliding block before named; the end of this rod that
is through the sliding block comes in contact with one end of a glut that wil Islide
freely between the parallel bars, the opposite end of this glut is curved to fit the
metal collar before named, the crown of the eye opposite the glut is lined with
leather. When the eye of the bracket is placed on the metal collar and the bracket
secured to the framework of the loom by screwing the rod through the sliding
block by means of a hand wheel or other appliance fixed at the top end of the rod,
the spiral spring is compressed and pressure is brought upon the glut and the metal
collar will be under pressure between the glut and the leather at the crown of the
bracket eye, which pressure can be regulated to give the warp the amount of
tension required.
By the application of a lever or nut at the top end of the bracket screwed on the
ID 31

page_text: aforesaid rod, the operative can release the tension of the warp in order to regulate
any irregularities in the weaving of the piece.
The second part relates to an improvement described in the Provisional Speci-
fication lodged by me, dated August ninth, One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-six, Numbered 3144, which consists of an appliance by which means the
pressure between the front beams of the loom is better regulated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES FOR EFFECTING ECONOMY IN THE USE THEREOF, AND FOR DISPENSING WITH 'SAVEALLS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION loft by James Edwin Morco at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th August 1876.
JAMES EDWIN MORCE, of St. John's Wood, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES FOR EFFECTING ECONOMY IN THE USE THEREOF, AND
FOR DISPENSING WITH 'SAVEALLS."
"
When wax and other mould candles are burned there is a considerable amount of
waste attending their use owing to the fact that the wicks do not extend quite to
the end of the candle, or if the wick extends to the end the latter cannot be burned
in the socket of the candlestick from want of supply of atmospheric air, con-
sequently these waste ends generally become the perquisites of servants, although
they may be occasionally utilized by means of what are called "savealls."
Now my Invention consists of a mode of so manufacturing wax and other mould
candles that this waste may be avoided; and I carry out my Invention in the
following manner :-I so enlarge or alter the end of the mould or insert therein a
core that the end of the candle shall be scooped or hollowed out sufficiently to
permit of its being placed on the top of another candle and consumed thercon.
The candle end having a larger orifice or central space than usual it may readily
be placed on the wick of a fresh candle, and will thus be wholly consumed before
the fresh candle begins to burn.
A NEW OR IMPROVED BATTERY FOR PURPOSES OF ATTACK AND DEFENCE
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Taylor Shipley Hunter, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, for the Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED BATTERY
FOR PURPOSES OF ATTACK AND DEFENCE."
Sealed the 4th August 1876, and dated the 10th February 1870.
*
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Taylor Shipley Hunter at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th February 1876.
TAYLOR SHIPLEY HUNTER, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain.
A NEW OR IMPROVED BATTERY FOR PURPOSES OF ATTACK AND DEFENCE."
This Invention, which relates to a new or improved battery for purposes of
attack and defence may be employed so as to constitute an integral part of a mole,
breakwater, or other analogous marine structure, or it may constitute a fortress or
battery at harbours of refuge, at the entrances of ordinary harbours, or be a
complete structure in itself.
The new or improved battery essentially consists of a large hollow sphere, which,
when used in connexion with any or either of the several marine structures
herein-before mentioned, is built into the masonary thereof, and it is constructed of
thick blocks of malleable iron or steel dowelled together. The hollow sphere is
divided horizontally by several floors arranged above one another, the central floor
and that below it constituting chambers, each of which contains two or more guns
of the largest dimensions. The guns are mounted on carriages and travelling
platforms with training and sighting gear.
The floors above and below the gun
chambers are fitted up as barracks, store, and ammunition chambers.
The new or improved battery is provided with tubes and ventilating shafts, also
with sight holes and instruments for making observations at a distance or close at
hand. Port holes are also provided at the gun chambers, provided with shutters for
opening and closing the same.
The new or improved battery may form one of a series connected by telegraph,
or may be connected by telegraph with the mainland; the lines of telegraph, as well
as the lines of ventilating pipes are preferably protected by torpedoes.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO FINGER RINGS, BRACELETS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Alford at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th April 1876.
WILLIAM HENRY ALFORD, of Ventnor, Isle of Wight, in the County of Hants.
"IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO FINGER RINGS, BRACELETS, AND OTHER SIMILAR
ARTICLES."
This Invention relates to certain improvements applicable to finger rings, bracelets,
and other similar articles secured by the attachment of a ring whereby they may
be rendered perfectly secure or fitting, notwithstanding their being, otherwise too
large or loosely fitting.
In order to effect this object I propose to apply to the ring, bracelet, or other
article a protector in the form of an interior semicircular strip or band of metal or
other suitable material provided with a hub, lap, or projecting side piece on each
side of such band, so that the two hubs or laps grasp the wider part of the ring or
bracelet, while the quadrantal arms of the protector bear against the interior sur-
face of the article and against the finger or wrist of the wearer, and consequently
supply the place of the article if it had been made of smaller circumference, so that
it will thus fit the wearer. The projections serve to secure the protector to the ring
or bracelet proper, and thus form a supplementary part thereof; but I also propose
to form a groove around the external periphery of the protector so that it will set or
fit on the internal periphery of the ring or bracelet, and thereby afford a further and
more complete adjustment of the two. Moreover, the protector need not necessarily
be of a semicircular extent, it may be made more or less of a half ring.. Thus a
jeweller may make a large ring suit a finger too small for the ring proper by the
mere adjustment of the protector, so also with a bracelet or other such article; and
family or gift rings may easily be made wearable by this Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CLEANING GRAIN, RICE, OR SEEDS, OR 'BOLTING' FLOUR AND SEPARATING AND PURIFYING MIDDLINGS' MADE THEREFROM
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Bedford at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th January 1876.
JOSEPH BEDFORD, of Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR CLEANING GRAIN, RICE, OR SEEDS, OR 'BOLTING' FLOUR AND
SEPARATING AND PURIFYING MIDDLINGS' MADE THEREFROM."
'
This Invention relates to machinery for cleaning grain, rice, or seeds, or
separating and purifying "middlings" made therefrom, in which a screen or sieve
which is covered with silk or other suitable material is employed, to which an
upward and downward or concussive movement is imparted, and my improvements
consist in the application to the said sieve or screen of a number of strips or
lengths of india-rubber laid on the top and attached to it at each end, being left
slack for the purpose of working about and beating the top of the sieve or screen
when the same is in motion, by which the matter which would otherwise choke up
the meshes of the sieve is forced through or carried away by the action of the
exhaust can thrum brushes. Cords or lengths of other material may be used, but
I prefer to use india-rubber as I find it gives the best results, being heavier and
more pliable than other materials of equal bulk.
By the use of my Invention the frequent brushing of the silk is not necessary as
it frees it from the fine dust which always accompanies the "middlings," and
consequently a greater quantity of work can be done by the same machine, which is
of importance.
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RED LEAD FURNACES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Lang at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th November 1876.
WILLIAM LANG, junior, of Glasgow, Lead Manufacturer.
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RED LEAD FURNACES."
"CERTAIN IMPROVE-
The object of this Invention is to effect a great saving in lead when the same is
first started.
By my Invention the lead is prevented from finding its way into the mass of
brickwork. The beds of furnaces hitherto adopted being of solid brickwork, the
lead has to saturate more or less this brickwork before a working furnace is
obtained.
My improvements consist in making an iron sole, preferably in two pieces, of a
shape similar to a trapezoid, or a four-sided figure, having two of its opposite sides
parallel. It is made of cast iron or wrought iron, and has flanges on all the sides.
The sole rests on butts of brick work, and the surface is filled in with best fire-bricks
to form the bed of the furnace.
The other parts of the furnace are similar in construction to the furnaces or ovens
at present in general use.
The mode of working my improved furnace is exactly the same as the red lead
ovens now in use, and does not involve any new process.
The essential feature of my Invention consists in the peculiarity of the construc-
tion of the furnace or oven by making the sole of such furnace of a cast-iron plate
lined with brick work, though for the sake of getting a better casting I cast the
plate in two pieces, and then join together with bolts and nuts; the same may be
made in one piece, or can be made up of more than two pieces.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE TREATMENT OF WOOLEN, SILK, AND MIXED FABRICS OR GOODS WITH A VIEW TO THE DESTRUCTION OF ANY VEGETABLE FIBRES OR SUBSTANCES CONTAINED THEREIN."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Powley Alexander at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th November 1876. A commu-
nication from abroad by Daniel Michel, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
EDWIN POWLEY ALEXANDER, of 14, Southampton Buildings, in the County of
Middlesex, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
OR MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE TREATMENT OF WOOLEN, SILK, AND MIXED
FABRICS OR GOODS WITH A VIEW TO THE DESTRUCTION OF ANY VEGETABLE
FIBRES OR SUBSTANCES CONTAINED THEREIN." A communication. from abroad by
Daniel Michel, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
This Invention relates to further improvements in the Invention for which
Letters Patent were granted to me on or about the 25th of Novг. 1875, No. 4088,
and also on the Invention for which I obtained Provisional Protection on or about
the 17th of July last, No. 2916, and consists of a peculiar construction and arrange.
ment of apparatus to be employed in effecting the destruction by carbonization of
any vegetable matter that may be contained in woollen or silk goods or waste, or
in mixed fabrics or rags containing cotton warp or weft.
In carrying out this Invention a closed chamber is employed, the interior of
which is raised to an elevated temperature by steam pipes or heating flues, and
within which chamber gaseous hydrochloric acid is disengaged by the action of the
heat from the before-mentioned steam pipes or heating flues or vessels containing
hydrochloric acid situate in the bottom of the said chamber. The interior of this
chamber from the top downwards is furnished with a series of endless wire gauze
aprons travelling over horizontal rollers disposed in vertical rows, and made
adjustable vertically to accommodate layers of material of different thickness upon
the wire gauze aprons. The said rollers are driven the one from the other by spur
or other gearing, so as to cause the materials under treatment to travel to and fro
across the chamber, dropping from one apron to the other from the top downwards
until they finally issue through an aperture in the side wall near the bottom.
similar aperture at the top admits the fresh material, the top and bottom aprons
being extended outwards some distance beyond the chamber to facilitate the charging
(7571
A

page_text: and discharging of the entering and delivering aprons. A pressing roller is situate
above these two aprons just outside the chamber so as to partially close the
apertures and check any escape of gas, whilst at the same time compressing slightly
the materials.
Wooden doors lined with lead are provided at the lower part of the chamber for
the introduction and withdrawal of the vessels containing the hydrochloric acid.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN FRAMES OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Achille Gruyer at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd September 1876.
ACHILLE GRUYER, Manufacturer, of Bagneux, France. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
FRAMES OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS."
The umbrella frames used up to the present time maintain the umbrella open by
means of a spring fixed into the stick, which serves as a support for the runner
upon which the stretchers are fitted. If the runner is pushed in when the stick is
horizontal there comes a moment when the stretchers are perpendicular to the stick,
and there is an equilibrium, the tension proceeding from the elasticity of the
covering acting normally upon the stick; as soon as this position is passed the
tension of the silk or other covering again acts obliquely on the stick, and the runner
is then drawn towards the top of the stick, where, of course, it is stopped as by an
abutment. It is in the arrangement of the abutment or stop that my Invenion
consists.
It will be understood that with the present frames in which the stretchers and
the ribs are in relative position, approaching the normal, the reaction of the stretchers
has the effect of giving to the ribs an agreeable curve, slightly flattened at the top
of the umbrella.
In the position of the stretchers when rising towards the top they exercise upon
the ribs a longitudinal tension, which has the effect of taking from the ribs all
curve between the summit of the umbrella and the circle of attachment of the
stretchers, the umbrella assumes when it is open the disagreable appearance of a
cone. To remedy this defect I have invented an arrangement of socket abutment,
which slides upon the stick instead of being fastened thereto, and is drawn by means
of a number of smaller stretchers connected to the ribs at their other ends. In opening
the umbrella the runner comes into contact with the socket, which slides freely
upon the stick, and has connected at its lower end the smaller stretchers before
mentioned, which are also jointed to the ribs. The tension of the covering material
which with the inclined position of the large stretchers tends to lift the socket,
reacts by means thereof upon the smaller stretcher, so that this reaction gives a
flattened curve to the ribs, and at the same time a resistance, causing the socket to
form an abutment to retain the umbrella in an open condition.
AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN FABRIC
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Clark, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE
OF WOVEN FABRIC " A communication from abroad by Adolphe Potel, of
Paris France.
Sealed the 16th February 1877, and dated the 30th August 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Clark at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th August 1876.
WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent. "AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN FABRIC."
This Invention relates to the manufacture of a new kind of woven fabric termed
jute damask in the jacquard loom.
The warp of this new fabric may consist either of cotton, flax, jute, or other
material, and the weft is composed of jute
To manufacture this fabric the jacquard mechanism is arranged to the following
effect:-
1st. The ground is a diagonal, counting three warp threads to six wefts
2nd. The flowers are produced by (a) a satin, counting nine warp threads to
one weft; (b) a diagonal in reverse direction to that forming the ground work, and
counting eight warp threads to two wefts; (c) another diagonal, starting from the
satin of the weft and terminating at the satin of the warp, being regularly and
gradually reduced,
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Clark in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 27th February
1877.
WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent. "AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN FABRIC." A communication
from abroad by Adolphe Potel, of Paris, France.
This Invention relates to the manufacture of a new kind of woven fabric termed
jute damask in the jacquard loom.

page_text: 2
The warp of this new fabric may consist either of cotton, flax, jute, or other
material, but the weft is of jute.
To manufacture this fabric the jacquard mechanism is mounted in accordance
with the following draughts :—
1st The ground is a diagonal, counting three warp threads to six weft threads.
2nd. For the flowers there are (a) a satin, counting nine warp threads to one
weft thread; (b) a diagonal in inverse direction to that forming the ground work,
and counting eight warp threads to two weft threads; (c) another diagonal, com-
mencing at the satin of the weft and terminating at the satin of the warp, being
gradually and insensibly tapered off.
•
Having described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner of performing
the same, I declare that what I claim as the Invention to be protected by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the improved manufacture of woven
fabric called jutė damask obtained by mounting the jacquard according to the
draughts specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Clark, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF TEXTILE FABRICS PRINTED OR DYED WITH ANILINE BLACK IN ORDER TO PREVENT WHAT IS KNOWN AS 'GREENING.
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Bryson Orr, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF
TEXTILE FABRICS PRINTED OR DYED WITH ANILINE BLACK IN ORDER TO
PREVENT WHAT IS KNOWN AS 'GREENING.'"
Sealed the 15th December 1876, and dated the 25th September 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Bryson Orr at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th September 1876.
JOHN BRYSON ORR, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain. IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF TEXTILE FABRICS PRINTED OR DYED WITH
ANILINE BLACK IN ORDER TO PREVENT WHAT IS KNOWN AS 'GREENING.'”
This Invention consists as herein-after set forth.
When the goods have been printed and aged from 24 to 48 hours as is the custom
in print works, they are treated as follows:-
1st. They are passed through a boiling bath of bichromate of potash (strength
4 ozs. of the potash salt per gallon of water). A little acid added to this bath is
an advantage by assisting in liberating the chromic acid. The pieces may be passed
through the bath on rollers, the passage occupying at least one minute.
2nd. They are washed with boiling soap and water.
3rd. They are dried.
4th. The goods are subjected to a cold bath of chlorate of aluminum or other
chlorate, such as chlorate of ammonium (containing 1 part of the salt in 60 parts
of water).
5th. They are again dried.
6th. They are steamed for half an hour or thereabouts, or the steaming may be
dispensed with if the pieces are worked from an hour to one hour in boiling
chlorate of aluminum containing 1 part of the salt to 100 parts of water.
7th. The bichromate bath is preserved and may be used over and over again.

page_text: 8th. It is preferable to steam the goods as soon as possible after drying from the
chlorate bath.
9th. Care is also to be taken that the chlorate bath is not too strong, 1 in 60 (or
even 1 in 100 for lighter stuffs) will be found sufficient.
<<
10th. By the foregoing treatment not only will the goods be preserved against 5
greening," but the black is rendered prettier and the whites purer. The same
process is used for dyed goods, but in this case the chlorate baths are to be still
weaker.
A NEW AND IMPROVED MACHINE FOR CORRUGATING, FLUTING, OR INDENTING IRON WIRE NOT ANNEALED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF DIAMOND SHAPED LATTICE OR TRELLISWORK."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Joannès at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th February 1876.
PIERRE JOANNES, of Rue Sainte, 52, Marseilles, France. "A NEW AND IMPROVED
MACHINE FOR CORRUGATING, FLUTING, OR INDENTING IRON WIRE NOT ANNEALED
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF DIAMOND SHAPED LATTICE OR TRELLISWORK."
I construct a machine composed of two upright flat headed cast-iron supports,
upon which turn two cylinders placed one above the other and kept in place by
means of two brass cushions or bearings. The two cylinders turn by means of two
serrated wheels attached to each.
A cast-iron driving wheel is attached to the lower cylinder in order to give force
and regularity to the movement.
At the points of contact of the cylinders a brass cushion or bearing is adjusted so
as to prevent friction with each other, and the consequent wear and tear.
The projecting extremities of the cylinders beyond the cushions are arranged so
that they can be adjusted to the various corrugating, indenting, or fluting cog
wheels operating directly upon the wire, and which are affixed according to the size
of the wire mesh desired; to indenting cog wheels of the same calibre and
dimensions turned in mortising one upon the other, and draw along in their
rotary motion the wire to be operated upon.
The cog wheels are moveable and vary according to the size of the lattice bar or
wire to be used.
There must invariably be two of those cog wheels of the same calibre, in order to
obtain a uniformity in size or shape placed one above the other perpendicularly to
the centres of each.
To make a lattice the meshes of which shall be 12 millimetres (1/2 inch) in
width, two corrugating or indenting cog wheels having a space of eight millimeters
between the teeth must be used.
In changing a set of nine corrugating or indenting cog wheels nine different
sized meshes can be obtained and so on to a mesh 12 centimetres (43/4 inches) in
width.
All the corrugating or indenting cog wheels are of cast steel in order to prevent
the breaking of the teeth, and that they may be able to resist the pressure of the
strongest wire, moreover the wire not being annealed this kind of lattice will be
harder and more solid.

page_text: The machine can be worked by hand or by steam, and the work produced
serving for the manufacture of lattices from wire not annealed, and quite distinct
in originality and tastefulness from any heretofore made can be employed for
enclosures, garden fences, aviaries, and of such great solidity so as not to be easily
twisted or put out of shape.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WRAPPERS OR ENVELOPES FOR SEED CRUSHING AND CAKE MAKING
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Cyrus Eskrott and William Henry
Searle at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th August 1876.
CYRUS ESKRETT and WILLIAM HENRY SEARLE, both of Hull, in the County of
York, Manufacturers of Oil Press Envelopes. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WRAPPERS OR
ENVELOPES FOR SEED CRUSHING AND CAKE MAKING."
"
This Invention relates to the wrappers, envelopes," or plates, used when
pressing the oil from seeds, and inanufacturing the residue into "cake," the latter
being mainly used as food for cattle.
The object of this Invention is the construction of wrappers, envelopes, or plates,
in such a manner as to dispense with the tin "facing" heretofore employed.
We employ as a facing for wrappers, envelopes, or plates, papier maché made to
the form required, and highly glazed on the face, or cardboard facings glazed after
the manner of papier maché may be employed.
The backing of the wrapper, envelope, or plates may be of wood, iron, or other
substance usually employed in the construction of such apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BLOWN GLASS BOTTLES OF EVERY DESCRIPTION BY FORMING THEIR SHAPE BY ROLLING INSTEAD OF BY MOULDS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John William Kirk at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th June 1870.
JOHN WILLIAM KIRK, of 37, Fawcett Street, Sunderland, in the County of
Durham, Bottle Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BLOWN
GLASS BOTTLES OF EVERY DESCRIPTION BY FORMING THEIR SHAPE BY ROLLING
INSTEAD OF BY MOULDS."
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of blown glass bottles
of every description by forming their shape by rolling instead of by moulds, and is
carried into effect in the following manner :-After the manipulation of the glass
on the "marver" it is blown and rolled between two pieces of wood, iron, steel, or
other suitable material which are shaped in such a form as the bottle is required to
take. The advantages of this Invention are that it ensures smoothness and polish
of the surface of the glass, and prevents the mould marks apparent on mould blown
bottles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREPARING CUES AND CUE TIPS FOR CONNECTION
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Foulds at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 18th November 1876.
JOHN FOULDS, trading under the name of Edward Le Mare, of Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, Mechanician. " IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
PREPARING CUES AND CUE TIPS FOR CONNECTION."
My Invention relates to the cues principally employed in connection with the
well known games of billiards; such cues are provided with leather tips which are
cemented on to the smaller ends of the cues, and which have to be replaced or to be
re-secured at longer or shorter intervals.
Preparatory to the operation of cementing a fresh tip on to a cuc, the old cement
is removed from the end of the cue by means of a file or by other means, and the
end of the cue is thereby frequently rendered untrue, so that the tip will not adhere
properly or will itself be out of truth. To remove the said cement and to "true up"
the end of the cue are the objects of my Invention, and these I accomplish by means
of a cutting or filing or abrading tool which is caused to revolve on an axis
corresponding as near as may be with the central line of the cue.
In an apparatus devised by me for the said purpose a spindle provided with a
handle is fitted to revolve in a bearing which is fitted into the upper end of a tube
or sheath. The inner end of the said spindle is fitted or formed with a cutter head,
in or to which is formed or fixed a cutter or two or more cutters or cutting edges.
I consider two cutting edges to be a suitable number, one edge being extended
across the central axis of revolution. The lower end of the said sheath is by
preference split, so that it can accomodate itself to the form of the cue, and is or
may be provided with a loose tightening ring. The end of the cue being inserted
into the said sheath it is only necessary to give a few turns to the cutter spindle to
effect the desired object.
If the apparatus is intended to operate upon the tips as well as upon the cues I
fix or form a disc upon the outer end of the cutter spindle, and I provide the said
disc with a washer of leather or other material prepared with emery, or I prepare

page_text: the surface of the said disc with emery, or I form the said disc to act as a file, or
provide the said disc with a circular file. I also form or fit the aforesaid sheath
with a flanch in which is or are formed a hole or two or more holes varying in
size. The tip is introduced into a hole in the said flanch, and is pressed against
the said disc or prepared surface during the rotation of the disc.
STOCKS' EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LEATHER
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Kitchin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th July 1876.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
MATTHEW KITCHIN, of Leeds, in the County of York.
STOCKS' EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LEATHER."
The object of my Invention is to produce a double-acting "stock" which may be
driven at a much higher speed, producing a much greater amount of work than is
obtained from machines now in use and is as hereafter described.
I provide a double-headed "stock" having both these heads stepped or cor-
rugated in a similar manner to those of ordinary construction. This "stock" is
provided with a shank fixed between the two heads. The shank carrying the
"stock" is swung or hung in a vertical direction in bearings on suitable frame-
work, pendulum like. The "stock" is caused to work in a box or trough of suit-
able size, into which box or trough the leather to be operated upon is placed at
opposite ends thereof, to be operated upon alternately by the two heads of the
"stocks ,, so that the operation is going on for the back and forward stroke alike.
The required motion is imparted to the "stocks" by means of a crank, cam,
eccentric, or other equivalent motion, such motion being conveyed thereto by
suitable connecting rods or their equivalents. When preferred I dispense with
the shank and impart to the "stock" a horizontal reciprocating motion being trans-
mitted thereto through suitable connecting rods or their equivalents.
The above described machine is applicable for unhairing, softening, and working
hides or skins.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE-SHOES AND ATTACH- MENTS THEREFOR.
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Thompson Atkinson, of Torquay, in the County of
Devon, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE-SHOES AND ATTACH-
MENTS THEREFOR.
ealed the 5th January 1877, and dated the 9th November 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Thompson Atkinson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th November 1876.
GEORGE THOMPSON ATKINSON, of Torquay, in the County of Devon.
MENTS IN HORSE-SHOES AND ATTACHMENTS THEREFOR."
"IMPROVE-
The improvements consist, firstly, in so treating horse-shoes as at present made,
or those to be made for the purpose, that they may receive, hold, and allow of the
use of improved elastic toe and heel calks, next to be described.
The improved toe and heel calks are made wholly of elastic material, or partly
thereof, and partly of any hard substance, either sandwich fashion or otherwise
mixed, the object being to make and use a calk that when in use may more or less
by its elasticity force the air from under it, and so while acting as a cushion to
deaden concussion may serve to prevent slipping on asphalte, ice, and such like.
The shoes are to be cut or stamped out in any convenient form to hold the calks;
the calks may be fitted in by pins or by other means before fixing, or when on the
animal's foot.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINE ATTACHMENTS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Carbines Oats at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd May 1876.
RICHARD CARBINES OATS, of Relubbas, Marazion, in the County of Cornwall,
Machinist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINE ATTACHMENTS.”
This Invention relates to certain attachments applicable to existing reaping
machines, and to combined reaping and mowing machines, and having for their
object an improved delivery of the cut corn or other crop in such machines.
Machines of this class as at present constructed and arranged are not capable of
performing all that is required of them, but frequently necessitate the use of two
and even three machines for general harvesting operations in order that the various
kinds of grain or growing crops may be delivered in a suitable manner.
By the application of my said attachments any reaping machine or combined
reaping and mowing machine, having change wheels for the purpose of changing
the speed when necessary, may be made to perform all the operations required.
According to my Invention I mount in suitable supports on a platform imme-
diately behind the finger bar and next to the driving end or body of the machine
an upright wooden or other drum, made by preference slightly tapering towards its
upper end so as to receive two hoop iron bands or boops. The said drum may be
either fixed on a metal shaft passing through it longitudinally from end to end, or
be provided with short journals secured to each end thereof, and working in suitable
bearings or supports. The shape of this drum may be either round, triangular,
square, oval, or polygonal, and it should be so placed on the platform as to be
vertical or nearly vertical thereto. I prefer however to make it lean or tend slightly
in a backward direction, so that it will answer either for level or hilly ground, or
it may be made adjustable by the attendant, so as to work vertically on lovel
ground, and lean backward slightly when going down hill The size of this drum
will depend on the size of the machine, and may vary from about 9 inches to 24
inches in diameter, its height being about 2 feet. The said drum may be driven
either by a band or by toothed gearing from the main axle or driving wheel, but as
machines differ in the arrangement of their gearing the mode of driving the drum

page_text: will of course vary in different machines. In combination with this upright
revolving drum I employ a track board so disposed that the cut corn or other crop
by falling against the drum shall be moved or carried over the track board to tho
opposite end thereof nearest tlio standing crop, and away from the track of tho
horses, the cut grain being delivered and laid in one continuous swathe.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THROSTLE SPINNING AND OTHER BOBBINS."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Macdonald at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th March 1876.
ALEXANDER MACDONALD, of Arbroath, in the County of Forfar, North Britain.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THROSTLE SPINNING AND OTHER
BOBBINS."
This Invention has for its object the strengthening of the ends of the large
wooden bobbins used for containing the yarn in bobbin fly and throstle spinning
frames, and in roving, warping, and other machines. And the nature and novelty
of the Invention consist in inserting two or more dowel pins, narrow thin strips of
hard and tough wood, or plates or rods of metal quite through the ends of the said
bobbins, preferably across the grain of the wood; or when the ends are thin the
strips may be sunk flush with the outer or inner face thereof, either dovetailed or
not, and cemented or fixed with pins or screws as may be desired, the two pins or
strips nearest the middle being passed partially through the ends of the centres or
barrels so as to secure the ends to the barrels. These pins, strips, or bars will
render the ends of the bobbins much more secure, stronger, and less liable to twist
or break, besides insuring greater durability of bobbins than heretofore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BEER TAPS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION loft by Alexander Melville Clark at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th May 1876.-A communication
from abroad by George Charles Drinen, John Kelioe, and Thomas J. Shanley,
all of Brooklyn, in the County of Kings, and State of New York, United
States of America.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent.
**IMPROVEMENTS IN BEER TAPS."
This Invention relates to improvements in beer taps, and consists of a bush
which is fitted into the head of the barrel flush with the surface, and is provided
with a screw thread to receive by means of a ring nut the discharging nozzle. The
bush also contains a valve closed by a spring, and by the pressure of the liquor
upon it when the nozzle is not attached. The valve is fitted in a chamber in the
inner portion of a tubular extension of the bush which screws out and in to open
the barrel for cleaning, the head of said extension being provided with a nick for
the application of a screwdriver. The nozzle contains a rod which extends out
through a stuffing box and is fitted in a stationary nut in the nozzle, to be screwed
in against the valve to open the tap when drawing the liquor and screwed back to
close it when the drawing is to be stopped. The inner end of the nozzle screws
against a packing in the bottom of the bush to make a tight joint. The liquor
enters to the valve chamber through openings provided for the purpose at the inner
end of the extension of the bush.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Sandell Mappin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd January 1876.
WALTER SANDELL MAPPIN, of Twickenham, in the County of Middlesex. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES."
My Invention relates to skates provided with wheels or rollers, the object which
I have in view being to simplify the construction of such skates, and to render
them lighter than those usually employed, and at the same time stronger and
neater in appearance. For this purpose I bend downwards at a suitable angle the
two ends of a metal bar, preferably steel, and on the bend at each end I cast a piece
of metal, the one of which forms the heel piece, and the other the toe piece of the
footstand, the middle part of the same consisting only of that portion of the bar
which lies between these two castings which may be thinned so as to make it
more or less flexible. Each of the bent down ends of the bar projects below the
metal cast on the bend so as to form the attachment for the axle of a pair of the
wheels or rollers, and is by preference passed through a hole in the axle which is
secured on it by a nut, or lynch pin, or both.
In order to give elasticity I introduce between the axle and the lower face of the
toe or heel casting a caoutchouc washer, or a helical or volute spring, which is kept
in position by the projecting end of the bar being passed through it.
According to a modified construction instead of extending downwards the bent
end of the bar and passing it through the axle I form the toe and heel castings
each with checks on which the axle is mounted; a pin being for this purpose
passed through these cheeks and through a slotted hole in the axle. In this con-
struction I provide the required elasticity by introducing the caoutchouc washer or
spring into a cavity formed in the casting above the axle.
When a single wheel or roller is employed instead of a pair I mount the same as
a castor in a frame or bridle which is connected to the footstand in a manner
similar to that described above for connecting the axle of a pair of wheels to the
footstand.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENTS OF SLIDING APPLIANCES FOR THE PROTECTION OF OPENINGS, PASSAGES, WINDOWS, FIRE- PLACES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Sowden Edmondson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th May 1876.
JOSEPH SOWDEN EDMONDSON, of Bradford, in the County of York, Commission
Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENTS OF SLIDING
APPLIANCES FOR THE PROTECTION OF OPENINGS, PASSAGES, WINDOWS, FIRE-
PLACES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
My Invention relates to constructing, elongating, and contracting frames or
guards for windows, doors, fireplaces, and openings for domestic and other
purposes.
For this purpose my improved frame or guard is composed of two skeleton frames,
one being made with an end piece having horizontal rods or tubes to slide within
the other frame, which is made with tubes of larger diameter; the rods or small
tubes fit the larger tubes nearly the length of the tubes when closed. In or near
the centre of the frames or guard are fitted bars or rods over which works a screwed
socket, this socket is fitted on one of the rods on which is placed a stop nut, the end
of the other rod working in the socket is cut with a screw and made to screw in and
out of the socket; by turning the socket round the frame or guard is elongated,
and is contracted by turning the reverse way, the distance of the elongation being
regulated by the length of the screw working in the socket.
The guard can be constructed with two sockets fitted on each side of the frames,
these sockets are fitted in the centre bars or rods which are screwed.
The ends of the frame or guard are made to fit the sides of windows, doors, sido
walls, or the "jambs" of fireplaces, and pinch them with a pressure equal to that
put upon the screw working in the socket or sockets holding the guard in position.
AN IMPROVED RULER FOR RULING
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Heyer at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th September 1876.
HENRY HEYER, of Leather Lane, London.
LINES."
"AN IMPROVED RULER FOR RULING
This Invention relates to an improved ruler to be used for ruling lines upon
paper. It is so constructed that when in use it is not possible to blot the paper,
and it is also more convenient to use than the ordinary ruler. It consists mainly of
two parts, viz, a roller or ruler and a cover which nearly encases the roller. The
ruler is similar to that in ordinary use, and the cover or case is a bar of wood or
other suitable material of the same length (by preference of a triangular shape), into
one side of which a hollowed groove is cut nearly as deep as the thickness of the
ruler. The ruler is to be furnished with a pivot at each end, and must be placed in
the groove cut for it, the ends of the cover or case being provided with suitable
bearings to hold the pivots so as to allow the ruler to be freely turned.
In use the instrument is to be placed with the roller or ruler underneath, that is
to say, on the paper, and the edge of the outer casing or bar is to be used as the
ruling line. It will thus be seen that as the ruler is caused to travel, the edge used
for ruling cannot come into contact with the paper.