IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR PROMOTING WARMTH AND COMFORT IN RAILWAY AND OTHER TRAVELLING
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Parnall and Henry Parnall, of Bishopsgate
Street Withont, in the County of Middlesex,Clothiers, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR PROMOTING WARMTH AND COMFORT IN
RAILWAY AND OTHER TRAVELLING"
Sealed the 26th February 1861, and dated the 27th December 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Parnall and
Henry Parnall at the Office of the Commissioners of l'atents, with thier
Petition, on the 27th December 1860.
We, ROBERT PARNALL and HENRY PARNALL, of BishopsgateStreet Without,
in the County of Middlesex, Clothiers, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Luvention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR PROMOTING WARMTH AND
COMFORT IN RAILWAY AND OTHER TRAVELLING," to be as follows:-
We form of thick woollen or other suitable fabric or material a covering
for the lower part of the body and knees, which is continued down to the feet,
where it is adapted to receive and enclose them, opening thence above the
heels on the under side upwards, yet so that the parts may meet and over-
lap, and be held together by elastic or other loops and buttons, or other
fastenings, and also adapted to pass under the scat and there form a cushion,
so as readily and entirely to enclose the lower part of the body, knees, and
feet. The part enclosing the feet as well as other of the parts where it
[Price Sd.1
may

page_text: be desirable, we pad or otherwise line so as more efficiently to retain the
heat. We also apply pockets or enclosures for the hands adapted to retain
warmth. And in some cases we form the outside and other parts with
waterproof or other material adapted to resist or throw off moisture.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Robert Parnall and Henry Parnall in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 27th June 186.1.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ROBERT
PARNALL and HENRY PARNALL, of Bishopsgate Street Without, in the County
of Middlesex, Clothiers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight handred and sixty,in the twenty-fourth year of Her
-reign,did,-for-Herself, Iler heirs-and-successors,-give-and-graut-unto-us, the
said Robert Parnall and Henry Parnall, Her special licence that we, the
said Robert Parnall and Henry Parnall, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said Robert Parnall and Henry Parnall,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great, Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MEANS FOR PROMOTING WARMTH AND COMFORT IN RAILWAY AND OTHER TRAVELLING,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Robert Parnall
and Henry Parnall, our executors or administrators, by an in-
strument in writing under our or their bands and seals, or under the
land and seal of one of us or them, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Parnall, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:
We form of thick woollen or other suitable fabric or material a covering

page_text: for the lower part of the body and knees, which is continued down to the feet,
where it is adapted to receive and inclose them, opening thence above the
heels on the under side upwards, yet so that the parts may meet and overlap
and be held together by elastic or other loops and buttons, or other fastenings,
and also adapted to pass under the seat and there form a cushion, so as
readily and entirely to enclose the lower part of the body, knees, and feet.
The part enclosing the feet as well as other of the parts where it may
be
desirable we pad or otherwise line, so as more efficiently to retain the heat."
We also apply pockets or enclosures for the hands adapted to retain
warmth; and in some cases we form the outside and other parts. with
waterproof or other material adapted to resist or throw off moisture.
But that the nature of these improvements and the means we have found
to answer well in carrying the same into effect, may be fully understood we
will proceed to describe the Drawing annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING,
Figure 1 shews a front view, Figure 2 an edge view, and Figure 3 a
section, and Figure 4 a back view, of one arrangement of apparatus according
to our improvements for promoting comfort in railway and other travelling.
It will be seen that the apparatus or means is formed generally of two
thicknesses of fabric a and b, but other thicknesses may be employed. cis
the part to receive the feet of the user, whilst the fore part rises upwards to
cover the knees and lower part of the body, and at the back it opens at
upwards, and is padded at e to form a soft and easy cushion for the seat of the
user. The parts from d upwards are formed so as when in use to overlap,
and the parts when overlapped may be held in position by an elastic band f
capable by its elasticity of embracing and securely holding on to the buttong.
The parts enclosing the feet and other of the parts may also be padded if
desired. h, h, are pockets adapted either as receptacles for any articles to be
placed therein, or as receivers for the hands to promote warmth thereto;
i, i, are elastic bands adapted, when the apparatus or means is folded
as indicated by Figure 5, to bind it in that folded state. Figure 6 shows a
modification in which the toes are kept separate.
In some cases we form the onter covering or apply one of waterproof
material adapted to resist or throw off moisture.
Having thus described the nature of the said improvements, we would
have it understood that we do not confine ourselves to the precise details
shown and described, as these may be varied without departing from the
peculiar character of the improvements; but what we claim is the adapta-

page_text: tion or combination of means for promoting warmth and comfort in railway
and other travelling, substantially as explained.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Parnall, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
Witness,
WILLIAM BROOKES,
73, Chancery Lane,
Patent Agent.
ROBERT PARNALL. (L.S.)