An Improved Cushion Tire.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Dec., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 17th Sept., 1891-Accepted, 17th Oct., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Cushion Tire.
I, WILLIAM OWEN AVES of 46 Barbican, London, E.C. Engineer do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to india-rubber tires such as are employed for bicycles and
other wheeled vehicles. Instead of the closed india-rubber tube laid lengthwise
over the metal rim, I employ rings, or sections of a rubber tube, arranged edgeways
around the rim of the wheel so that their interior spaces are parallel to the axle of
the wheel, and their exterior surfaces are in contact, thus forming a chain of annular
cushions around the periphery of the wheel.
The contact surfaces of the rings may be left unfastened, or may be fastened with
cement, or rivetted, or attached with wire loops or fastened in any other convenient
way. If they are also attached to the rim of the wheel by wire loops they can be
turned as they begin to wear, so as to expose a fresh part of their surface to the
friction of the road.
In order to prevent lateral play the rings can be held in a suitable channelled rim
fixed to the wheel, and this rim may have cross pins passing through the interior of
the rings, or the rings can be attached with or without a channel by means of plates,
or Theaded pins or bolts, the shank of which passes through the rim or felloc of
the wheel.
My improved tire may be moulded in one or more pieces of rubber throughout,
if preferred, thus forming a continuous band or chain with cross perforations
and with triangular or nearly triangular spaces intervening between the tubular
sections.
The rings may be constructed in halves if preferred, and the halves may be
attached either to the single outer tire or the inner channelled tire.
My cushion tires can be constructed of various sizes so as to adapt them to the
requirements of all kinds of wheels.
When used as an inside cushion within the ordinary rim and tire of a bicycle, the
sides of the usual crescent section rim are slightly extended backwards, to form a
channel which gives support and a bearing to the base of the rubber ring. An
inner channel is attached to the spokes which receive the reverse sides of the
rubber rings, so that the rubber rings are enclosed between the two channels
rendering their displacement impossible. The outer surface of the rubber rings
may be used as an outer tire in place of the ordinary rubber tire if desired, by
attaching them to the outer metal tire.
Dated this 17th day of December 1890.
S. S. BROMHEAD,
97, Newgate Street, London, E.C., Patent Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION:
An Improved Cushion Tire.
I, WILLIAM OWEN AVES of 46 Barbican, London, E.C., Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:—
This invention relates to india-rubber tires, such as are employed for wheels of

page_text: Instead of a tube of rubber laid lengthwise around the metal rim, I employ rings
or sections of rubber tube or half rings arranged edgeways around the rim of the
wheel, so that their interior spaces are parallel to the axle of the wheel and their
exterior surfaces are either separated or in contact, thus forming a chain or series of
annular or semi-annular cushions around the periphery of the wheel.
These cushions may be used as an outer tire if preferred, in place of the ordinary
rubber tire, or may be enclosed between an outer metal tire or other exterior surface
and an inner metal tire which is attached to the spokes of the wheel.
I will now describe the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings
in which
Fig. 1 shews an elevation and section of a compound cushion tire with a double
metal rim, between which are my india-rubber rings, and an outer solid rubber
tire.c. d. is.a.hollow steel outer rim and e, is an inner steel rim of the ordinary
U or crescent section. f, is a clip of metal in the form of a loop or staple passing
around the rim e, and screwed or rivetted to a bar or plate passing through the open
centre of b.
It will be seen that the rings b, are not so close as to be in actual contact, whereby
more lateral play is obtained. Should the rings be employed as an outer tire they
would be placed closer together. Their contact surfaces may also be fastened with
loops if preferred. They can thus be turned as they begin to wear and will thus
expose a fresh part of their surface to the friction of the road.
Should it be found necessary to prevent lateral play the rings can be placed in
deeper rims, or they may be fastened with or without a channel by means of
T shaped pins or bolts, the shank of which would pass through the rubber and the
rim or felloe of the wheel.
Fig. 2 shews a light wooden wheel fitted with my cushioned tires. The rubber
rings are-in-this case-placed between channelled metal rims of rectangular section.
The wheel runs on the edges of the outer channel, which can be filled with rubber
or other suitable material.
Fig. 3-shews:my-rubber-rings-applied to a heavy carriage or omnibus wheel. It
-will-be-noticed-in-the-section attached to this figure that both tires and kare
furnished with deep flanges. The inner tire 1. in this method of construction-is:not.
welded into a solid ring, but for convenience of inserting the rubber rings b in
position, the cuds of the inner tire are made to overlap, and this tire is finally
bolted and connected to the spokes or felloes of the wheel. The outer tire k, is so
-much-stronger-than-a-flat tire, that it is hardly possible to cause it to stretch-in
Thus one of the great evils attached to iron tires of the ordinary type, their
stretching in use and becoming loose, is avoided.
use.
In order to prevent mud or water entering and lodging-in-the-channel_of_the
outer tire, the triangular spaces s, between the rubber rings b, can be filled up with
hollow or solid wedges of rubber, or external plates of segmental shape may be fitted
to enclose the rubber on either side.
Another advantage of my cushion tires, as applied to carriages and the like is
that they are extremely silent in use. They can be constructed of any required
size, elasticity or strength and can be fitted to vehicles of every description.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. In a cushion tire for wheels of cycles and other vehicles the use of india-
rubber rings or half rings, with or without triangular wedges, as herein described
and set forth.
2. In a cushion tire for wheels of vehicles the combination of the outer metal
tire k, the inner metal tire l, and the rubber rings b, with or without the triangular
wedges s, as herein described and set forth.
9

page_text: hollow rim d, the inner rim e, with the rubber rings b, and with or without the
loops, as herein explained and set forth.
Dated this 17th day of September 1891.
S. S. BROMHEAD,
97, Newgate Street, London, E.C., Patent Agent.