Improvements in or connected with Lamps for Burning Oll or Spirit.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Sept., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 20th Mar., 1895-Accepted, 20th Apr., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Lamps for Burning Oll or
Spirit.
I, AUGUST KIESOW of 25 Fore Street Avenue, in the City of London, Lamp
Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :—
The invention relates more especially to lamps intended for burning volatile oil,
but it is also applicable to benzoline and other lamps.
A common cause of serious accident is the upsetting of mineral oil lamps
inasmuch as when a lamp of that class is overturned the oil will flow freely through
the wick tube and will become ignited and rapidly spread over the floor, thus
causing serious injury to property and frequently destroying or endangering life.
Many devices have been suggested for preventing the spilling of the oil under
the above conditions, but hitherto they have all been more or less defective or too
costly to enable them to come into general use, and there has consequently been no
practical solution of the difficulty.
Now the object of the present invention is at little or no additional cost to
construct a lamp in such manner that upon the overturning thereof, the oil with
the exception of perhaps a few drops will be trapped and prevented escaping and
thus any danger from fire will be completely avoided.
The additional cost of constructing a lamp of this character is so small that
lamps of the cheapest kind which are used amongst the poorer classes where
accidents most frequently happen can be fitted with the present improvements.
In carrying the invention into effect the lamp burner is constructed in any well
known manner, so as to make an hermetically tight joint with the reservoir or
container, and in continuation thereof and beneath the wick tube and fixed with
the burner, but preferably of greater area than the wick tube proper is arranged a
wick case of waved form which extends to or near to the bottom of the
container.
In applying the invention to a flat wick burner this case is formed in transverse
section of an oblong rectangular form and instead of being straight or approxi-
mately so, it is formed more or less of a regular or irregular waved, corrugated, or
Sshape in the direction of its length each loop or bend of the S being in the
preferred form carried completely beyond a line drawn in continuation of the side
of the tube so that when the lamp is lying upon its side with the broad side of the
wick case or tube in a horizontal position, the lower or under side of one of the
loops or bends of the S will lie above a straight line drawn in continuation of
the upper side of the tube or case or thereabout, having regard to its assumed
horizontal position.
It is desirable that the bend should not be more pronounced than this inasmuch
as it might impede the free movement of the wick by the winder.
In order to ensure the successful action of the device, it is necessary that the
lamp should lie with the broad side of the wick tube or case in a horizontal
position or approximately so, and with a view to prevent its assuming any other
position, it is constructed with two flat sides corresponding in position with each
broad side of the wick tube or case, and it is provided with two handles or
projections arranged at right angles therewith, or any other well known means
might be employed to compel the lamp to assume a given position when
overturned.

page_text: By the employment of the means bereinbefore described, in the event of a lamp
being overturned it, will be impossible for more than a few drops of oil to escape
through the wick tube as the flow thereof will be arrested by the peculiar
formation of the waved or S shaped tube or case.
Whilst the wick case is herein before described as being corrugated so that the
waves or corrugations are formed upon the flat side thereof good if not equal
results may be obtained by forming the waves at right angles thereto the means of
causing the lamp to take a particular direction upon being overturned being varied
. as may be found necessary.
Although the invention is described as applied to a flat wick burner, it can with
good results be also applied in connection with Argand or round wick burners
constructed to burn mineral oil, and it is also applicable to benzoline or other
lamps designed for burning spirit, and which at the present time are a source of
considerable danger to the public.
Dated this 13th day of September 1894.
WHITE & WOODINGTON,
27, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Lamps for Burning Oil or
Spirit.
I, AUGUST KIESOW of 25 Fore Street Avenue in the City of London, Lamp
Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
⚫ the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
The invention relates more especially to lamps intended for burning volatile oil,
but it is also applicable to benzoline and other lamps.
A common cause of serious accident is the upsetting of mineral oil lamps
inasınuch as when a lamp of that class is overturned the oil will flow freely through
the wick tube and will become ignited and rapidly spread over the floor, thus
causing serious injury to property and frequently destroying or endangering life.
Many devices have been suggested for preventing the spilling of the oil under
the above conditions, but hitherto they have all been more or less defective or too
costly to enable them to come into general use, and there has consequently been no
practical solution of the difficulty.
Now the object of the present invention is at little or no additional cost to
construct a lamp in such manner that upon the overturning thereof, the oil with
the exception of perhaps a few drops will be trapped and prevented escaping and
thus any danger from fire will be completely avoided.
The additional cost of constructing a lamp of this character is so small that
lamps of the cheapest kind which are used amongst the poorer classes where
accidents most frequently happen can be fitted with the present improvements.
In carrying the invention into effect the lamp burner is constructed in any well
known manner, so as to make an hermetically tight joint with the reservoir or
container, and in continuation thereof and beneath the wick tube and fixed with
the burner, but preferably of greater area than the wick tube proper is arranged a
wick case of waved form which extends to or near to the bottom of the
container.
In applying the invention to a flat wick burner this case is formed in transverse
section of an oblong rectangular form and instead of being straight or approxi-
mately so, it is formed more or less of a regular or irregular waved, corrugated, or
Sshape in the direction of its length each loop or bend of the S being in the
preferred form carried completely beyond a line drawn in continuation of the side

page_text: the burner which may be constructed in any well known manner so as to make an
hermetically tight joint or approximately so with the reservoir or container a.
In the present example this joint consists of a ring or flange b' upon the burner
provided with clips 61 which are adapted to pass through corresponding notches or
openings a formed in and take under the corresponding ring or flange a¹ of the
burner fitting whilst a** represent stops which engage the clips 6 and thus
ensure the burner occupying the required définite position with relation to the
reservoir or container a.
c represents the wick and represents the ordinary wick tube enclosing the same
whilst in continuation of the wick tube and beneath the same and fixed with the
burner b but preferably of greater area in transverse section than the wick tube b³
is arranged a wick case 63 of waved form which extends near to the bottom of the
container a.
The wick case 6' is formed in transverse section of an oblong rectangular form
as shown more particularly at Figure 9, and instead of being straight or approxi-
mately so, it is formed more or less of a regular or irregular waved, corrugated
or S shape in the direction of its length, each loop or bend of the S being in the
preferred form carried completely beyond a vertical line drawn in continuation of
the side of the tube or case as shown by the dotted lines in Figure 6, so that
when the lamp is lying upon its side with the broad side of the wick case or tube bª
in a horizontal position as represented at Figures 4 or 5, the lower or underside of
one of the loops or bends of the S will lie above a straight line drawn in con-
tinuation of the upper side of the tube or case 6 or thereabout having regard to its
assumed horizontal position, but it will be evident that this form of the wick
case may be more or less varied without departing from the spirit of the
invention.
It is desirable that the bend of the wick case & should not be more pronounced
than this inasmuch as it might impede the free movement of the wick by the winder
but nevertheless the more pronounced the bends are made the better the device
will act in other respects.
In order to ensure the successful action of the device it is necessary that the lamp
should when overturned lie with the broad side of the wick tube or case in a
horizontal position or approximately so, and with a view to prevent its assuming
any other position the oil container or reservoir a is constructed with oval or they
might be flat sides as shown more particularly at Figure 3 corresponding in position
with each broad side of the wick tube or case 6 so that upon the lamp being over-
turned it will naturally lie upon one of its sides, and with the wick case or
tube in a horizontal position or approximately so as represented at Figures 4
and 5.
The lamp is also provided with two projecting handles a² fixed to the ends of the
reservoir or container a which more or less assist the action above described, or
projections of other form might be substituted for the handles a² or the projections
or handles might be dispensed with or any other well known means might be
employed to compel the lamp to assume the desired position when overturned.
In the example given at Figures 12 and 13 the container or reservoir.a is
supported upon a pedestal furnished with a foot or base a³ and in this case the
reservoir or container a instead of being formed oblong is circular in plan whilst the
foot or base a³ is formed oblong or oval and with end projections a² and the effect
of this formation of the base or foot a² is to cause the lamp upon its being over-
turned, to assume the required position as hereinbefore described with respect to
Figures 1 to 11.
In the example given at Figures 14 to 18 the invention is shown applied to a
well known form of round wick burner constructed to burn benzoline or spirit.
In this case the device is substantially identical with that hereinbefore described
except that the wick case 63 is formed of the same shape as the wick that is to say
of a round section.
The container or reservoir is formed of a similar oblong shape to that described

page_text: with respect to Figures 1 to 11 and with the same object but only one projection in
the form of a handle a' in this case is employed.
The action of the device is as follows:-
Upon the lamp being overturned into the position represented at Figure 4 only a
few drops of oil will escape from the wick tube and the upper part of the wick
case 63; but no flow of oil from the reservoir or container a will take place
inasmuch as air cannot enter through the wick case to release the fluid in the
container a that is to say in the position represented at Figure 4, the air would
require to descend through the column of oil contained in the parts 1 and 3 of the
wick case, whilst should the lamp fall into the opposite position as represented at
Figure 5, the air would encounter and require to descend through the column of oil
contained in the part 2 of the wick case in order to release the fluid from the reservoir
or container a and inasmuch as air will not descend through a column of fluid except
under something more than ordinary atmospheric pressure it follows that a supply
of air cannot enter the reservoir or container a through the wick case and
consequently the contained oil is unable to flow therefrom.
It will therefore be seen that by the employment of the means herein before
described in the event of a lamp being overturned it will be impossible for more
than a few drops of oil to escape as the flow thereof will be arrested by the peculiar
formation of the waved or S shape tube or case 6 and thus any danger of fire from
the overturning of the lamp will be obviated.
Although the invention is intended more particularly for application to lamps
designed to burn mineral oil or spirit it will be evident that it is also applicable
although not with the same advantages to lamps intended for burning heavy
vegetable or other oils.
I would here remark that I do not confine myself to the precise form of the wick
case represented in the drawings as although such form is the best that I am at
present acquainted with, it will be evident that the same may be more or less varied
without departing from the spirit of my invention.
For example the wick case might be formed with a greater number of bends than
are shown in the drawings and it might be of the same area in transverse section as
the wick tube but such arrangement would be inferior to that herein shown and
described and which is the preferred form of the invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In combination with a lamp or lamp burner a wick case of waved, corrugated
or S shape descending into the reservoir or container substantially as herein shown
and described and for the purpose stated..
2. In combination with a lamp a wick case of waved, corrugated, or S shape
descending into the reservoir or container and means for causing the lamp and
consequently the wick case upon overturning to assume a given position substantially
as herein shown and described and for the purpose stated.
Dated this 20th day of March 1895.
WHITE & WOODINGTON,
27, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents.