IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR OPENING AND CLOSING THE DOORS AND OPERATING THE WINDOWS AND VENTILATORS OF LANDAUS AND OTHER SIMILAR CARRIAGES."
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Hay and Duncan Campbell, both of Cambridge
Road, Hastings, in the County of Sussex, Coachbuilders, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR OPENING AND CLOSING THE DOORS AND
OPERATING THE WINDOWS AND VENTILATORS OF LANDAUS AND OTHER SIMILAR
CARRIAGES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Hay and Duncan
Campbell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th
November 1879.
JOHN HAY and DUNCAN CAMPBELL, both of Cambridge Road, Hastings, in the
County of Sussex, Coachbuilders. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR OPENING
AND CLOSING THE DOORS AND OPERATING THE WINDOWS AND VENTILATORS OF
LANDAUS AND OTHER SIMILAR CARRIAGES."
This Invention consists of improvements in the means and apparatus for opening
and closing the doors of landaus and other similar carriages, and has for its object
an arrangement and combination of apparatus whereby the opening and closing of
a landau carriage door can be effected without lowering the glass frame, and also
that the glass frame can be lowered when desired to make the carriage an open one,
and by the action of a concealed spring the glass frame is kept firm when in an
upright position and the door open.
In carrying out this Invention the glass frame is held in its position by means of
a spring let into the garnish or top rail of the door. The glass frame has an extra
depth of six inches which is concealed in the door, and upon which the spring acts
by means of a metal projection on the springs which fits or is received into an
aperture in the frame, and which is shielded with brass or other metal to allow the
glass frame to be lowered without rendering any extra depth of door panel necessary;
and when the ventilator hereafter described is lowered or folded over, then the glass
frame can be let down by means of a handle attached to the spring in the garnish
rail and pulled too, which handle has all the appearance of an ordinary door
pull, and can be made of metal silver or brass plated, or of ivory or metal covered,
...0Jl

page_text: or any other suitable material. When the glass frame is down the spring which
holds the glass frame up is kept away from the glass by means of another small
spring, which at once drops down with a pin into a lever attached to the chain
spring and pull handle, drilled purposely with a hole or opening, and which is
worked by lifting up the glass frame into its position, and then lifting a small knob
on the top of the garnish rail, which knob is attached to the small spring, the main
spring is released and thus the glass frame is held in its place.
The top or folding part of the frame may be made with a ventilator of metal,
glass, or wood, or if preferred may be made blank glass, or in any way used at
option of purchaser. The working of the frame is instantaneous; thus by simply
lifting up the frame to its place and releasing the main spring by raising the small
knob the frame is fixed. To lower the frame simply pull the handle too, after
folding over the top or ventilator, then the main spring drops and the frame moves
down into its place.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Hay and Duncan Campbell in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 15th May 1880.
JOHN HAY and DUNCAN CAMPBELL, both of Cambridge Road, Hastings, in the
County of Sussex, Coachbuilders. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR OPENING
AND CLOSING THE DOORS AND OPERATING THE WINDOWS AND VENTILATORS OF
LANDAUS AND OTHER SIMILAR CARRIAGES."
This Invention consists of improvements in the means and apparatus for opening
and closing the doors of landaus and other similar carriages, and has for its object
an arrangement and combination of apparatus whereby the opening and closing of
a landau carriage door can be effected without lowering the glass frame, and also
that the glass frame can be lowered when desired to make the carriage an open one,
and by the action of a concealed spring the glass frame is kept firm when in an upright
position and the door open. The advantages of this Invention are that the door
may be opened and shut, without the occupant of the carriage being compelled to
raise or lower the window on entering or leaving; the landau when used as a close
carriage combines all the advantages of a brougham; that when the landau is
required as an open carriage the window can be instantaneously lowered and the
carriage presents in all respects the elegant appearance of an open landau. Again,
the breaking of the glass by attempting to open the door before letting down the
window of the landau as at present so frequently happens is rendered impossible,
the additional cost is only trifling, and it can be fitted to any landau now in use.
And in order that our said Invention may be properly understood we will
now proceed to describe the same by the aid of the annexed Drawings, wherein
Fig. 1 represents the main spring, shewing garnish rail in section; Fig. 2 repre-
sents the slip pin with its spring partly in section; Fig. 3 shows the glass frame
(in section) with socket for main spring bolt to slip into, and Fig. 4 shews a
sectional outline of glass frame, shewing the pin to work in the slot; Fig. 5 shews
portion of carriage in outline with door open, shewing the top or folding part of the
frame as a ventilator and our Invention generally. The same letters of reference
indicate similar parts in all the Figures where they occur.
In carrying out this Invention, the glass frame a is held in its position by means
of a spring b let into the garnish or top rail c of the door d. The glass frame a has
an extra depth of six inches which is concealed in the door d, and upon which the
spring b acts by means of a metal projection 6' on the spring b which fits or is
received into an aperture e in the frame a, and which is shielded with brass or other
metal to allow the glass frame to be lowered without rendering any extra depth of
door panel necessary; and when the ventilator hereafter described is lowered or
folded over then the glass frame a can be let down by means of a handle ƒ attached
to the spring 6 in the garnish rail c and pulled to, which handle has all the
appearance of an ordinary door pull, and can be made of metal silver or brass
plated, or of ivory or metal covered, or any other suitable material. When the
glass frame a is down the spring b, which holds the glass frame a up, is kept away
from the glass by means of another small spring g, which at once drops down with
a pin into a lever attached to the main spring b and pull handle, drilled purposely
with a hole or opening, and which is worked by lifting up the glass frame into its
position, and then lifting a small knob on the top of the garnish rail, which knob
is attached to the small spring, the main spring is released, and thus the glass frame
is held in its place.
The top or folding part of the frame may be made with a ventilator of metal,
glass, or wood, or if preferred may be made blank glass, or in any way used at
option of purchaser. The working of the frame is instantaneous; thus by simply
lifting up the frame to its place and releasing the main spring by raising the small

page_text: knob the frame is fixed. To lower the frame simply pull the handle to, after
folding over the top or ventilator, then the main spring drops and the frame moves
down into its place. A small guide pin sliding in a groove is made use of so that in
pulling up the glass frame or lowering the same it is kept in an upright position.
Having thus described the nature and object of our said Invention, we declare
that what we claim and desire to be secured to us by the herein before in part recited
Letters Patent is,-
First. The general arrangement and combination of apparatus for opening and
closing the doors of landaus and other similar carriages, substantially as herein-
before described and shewn on the Drawings.
Second. The novel arrangement and combination of apparatus for operating the
windows and ventilators of landaus and other similar carriages, substantially as and
for the purposes hereinbefore described and shewn on Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Hay and Duncan Campbell, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Fifteenth day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty.
JOHN HAY.
(L.S.)
DUNCAN CAMPBELL. (L.S.)