IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BREAKING AND GRINDING STONE, ORES, AND OTHER HARD MATERIALS."
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Archer, the younger, of Dunston Engine
Works, Gateshead-on-Tyne, in the County of Durham, Engineer, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
BREAKING AND GRINDING STONE, ORES, AND OTHER HARD MATERIALS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Archer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, ou the 20th
February 1867..
I, THOMAS ARCHER, the younger, of Dunston Engine Works, Gateshead-
on-Tyne, in the County of Durham, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
BREAKING AND GRINDING STONE, ORES, AND OTHER HARD MATERIALS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a machine for breaking or reducing and grinding
stone, ores, and other, hard materials which is constructed as follows:-Two
side framings or standards cast in one piece with (or firmly connected to)
strong bed plate support a wedge block, the internal surface of which is
serrated or grooved in a perpendicular direction; opposite this serrated or
grooved surface are suspended from above a series of knives or breakers of
cast iron provided with steel faces; these knives or breakers are so hung as
to be capable of oscillating or swinging to and from the grooved block, the steel

page_text: surfaces of the said knives or breakers being at an acute angle to the grooved
surface of the block, so that there is only a small distance between the two
surfaces at their lower extremity. These knives or breakers are alternately
moved to and withdrawn from the grooved block by means of thrust levers or
arms connected to them and to a rocking bar, which is actuated by connecting
rods from a crank shaft placed beneath and driven by means of a belt from
the engine or other motive power. The thrust levers or arms are connected
to the rocking bar alternately above and below the centre or fulcrum on which
the latter is hung, so that the upward motion of the bar would thrust forwards
each alternate knife or breaker (say, numbers 1, 3, 5, and so on), and at the
same time draw back the intermediate ones (say, numbers 2, 4, 6, and so on),
whilst the downward or return movement of the rocking bar would thrust
forwards the latter and draw back the former, and so on alternately. The
crank shaft is driven at a speed of about one hundred and fifty revolutions per
-minute, and each revolution gives one thrust to the whole of the knives or
breakers, that is to say, one-half in the upward stroke of the crank and the
other half in the downward stroke of the same. The stroke of the knives
may be varied by shifting the position in the rocking bar of the pin against
which the connecting rod works.
7
In order to adapt this machine to grind or crush the material passing through
it two rollers are mounted in the frame immediately beneath the knives having
their surfaces only a slight distance apart; these rollers are driven slowly in
opposite directions by means of spur gearing from a pinion on the main shaft.
In connection with one of these rollers is a strong spring bar which bears
against the slide blocks in which the roller is carried, and allows it to yield in
the event of a piece of iron or other similar material getting between the
rollers, or if by any other means an undue pressure or strain should be brought
to bear upon the said roller.
SPECIFICATION filed in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
and of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, by the said Thomas Archer in 3
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 17th September 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
ARCHER, the younger, of Dunstan Engine Works, Gateshead-on-Tyne, in, the
County of Durham, Engineer, send greeting. :
WHEREAS, Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria; by Her Letters s
Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of February, in the year of our

page_text: Lord One thousand.eight-hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Thomas Archer, the younger, Her special licence that I, the said Thomas
Archer, the younger, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Thomas Archer, the younger, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,. an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BREAKING AND GRINDING STONE,
ORES, AND OTHER HARD MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Thomas Archer the younger, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner. the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office, on or before the Seventeenth
day of September, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Archer, the younger, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention,, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and; ascertained in and by the
following statement in-writing, and on reference to the accompanying Drawings,
(that is to say): :-
This Invention relates to a machine. for breaking or reducing and grinding
stone, ores, and other hard materials which is constructed as follows:-Two
side framings or standards cast in one piece with (or firmly connected to) a
strong bed plate support a wedge block, the internal surface of which is
serrated or grooved in a perpendicular direction; opposite this serrated or
grooved surface are suspended from above a series of knives or breakers of
cast or malleable iron provided with steel faces; these knives or breakers are so
hung as to be capable of oscillating or swinging to and from the grooved
block, the steel surfaces of the said knives or breakers being at an acute angle
to the grooved surface of the block, so that there is only a small distance
between the two surfaces at their lower extremity; these knives or breakers
are alternately moved to and withdrawn from the grooved block by means of
thrust levers or arms connected to them and to a rocking bar which is actuated
by connecting rods from a crank shaft placed beneath and driven by means of
a belt from the engine or other motive power The thrust levers or arms are
connected to the rocking bar alternately above and below the centre or fulcrum
on which the latter is hung, so that the upward.motion. of one end of the bar

page_text: would thrust forwards each alternate knife or breaker (say, Nos. 1, 3, 5, and
so on), and at the same time draw back the intermediate ones (say; Nos. 2,
4, 6, and so on), whilst the downward or return movement of the same end
of the rocking bar would thrust forwards the latter and draw back the former,
and so on alternately. The crank shaft is driven at a speed of about 150
revolutions per minute, and each revolution gives one thrust to the whole of
the knives or breakers, videlicet, one half in the upward stroke of the crank,
and the other half in the downward stroke of the same. The stroke of the
knives may be varied by shifting the position in the rocking bar of the pin
against which the connecting rod works.
My Invention does not relate to the whole of the machine described above,
but only to the mechanism for driving the knives or breakers in the manner
stated, the object being to impart to the same such relative motions as to
produce a cleaving effect on the stones or other hard substances by the forward
motion of one set of the knives or breakers, and at the same time to withdraw
the other set of the same so as to prevent undue crushing, and consequent
waste of the stones or material under operation. When it is required to adapt
this machine to grind or crush the material passing through it two rollers are
mounted in the frame immediately beneath the knives, having their surfaces
only a slight distance apart; these rollers are driven slowly in opposite direc-
tions by means of spur gearing from a pinion on the main shaft. In connection
with one of these rollers is a strong spring bar, which bears against the slide
blocks in which the roller is carried and allows it to yield in the event of a
piece of iron or other similar material getting between the rollers, or if by
any other means an undue pressure or strain should be brought to bear upon
the said roller.
.
а
Such being the nature and object of my said Invention for "Improvements
in Machinery or Apparatus for Breaking or Grinding Stone, Ores, and other
Hard Materials," I will now proceed to describe more in detail the manner in
which the same is to be or may be performed or carried into practical effect,
and in order that the same may be distinctly understood I have annexed here-
unto a Sheet of Drawings illustrative thereof, and have marked the same with
figures and letters of reference corresponding with those in the following
explanation thereof (that is to say) :-
In the annexed Drawing Figure 1 represents a side elevation, Figure 2 a
plan view as seen from above, and Figure 3 a vertical section of my improved
apparatus.
The framing a, a, of the machine consists mainly of two standards with a
cross bearer to support the serrated wedge block and a bed plate, all cast in

page_text: one piece or strongly bolted together. b, b, is the serrated wedge block, which
is firmly keyed, bolted, or otherwise fixed to the cross bearer, the serrations or
grooves running in a perpendicular direction; c, c, are a series of knives or
breakers having steel faces d, d, and suspended from the shaft e, e, mounted
in the framing above and connected with the thrust levers and rocking bar
herein-after referred to in such a manner as by the action of the rocking bar
to cause the knives to be worked to and fro in alternate sets. The steel faces
of the knives or breakers are dovetailed at the top and bottom, and are con-
fined in their corresponding grooves in the knives or breakers by means of
steel T-headed bolts inserted through the knives or breakers at the top of the
steel faces; by this means the steel faces may be turned upside down or
renewed as required without removing the knives or breakers. Near the
lower extremity of the back part of each breaker are cast or formed two
lips f,f, which serve to connect it to one end of its respective thrust lever or
arm g, g, the other end of the said arm being provided with two short
gudgeons h, h, working in a semi-cylindrical groove in the rocking bar i, i,
and confined thereto by means of keepers k, k, which partly embrace the said
gudgeons; detached views of these thrust arms and keepers are shewn at
Figure 4. The rocking bar i, i, is supported on journals at each end carried
by the side frame upon which it is caused to oscillate by means of a connecting
rod attached to a crank on the main driving shaft 1, 1, and to the crank
pin m, m, which latter is adjustable by means of the set screw n, n, in the
slot o, o, of the rocking bar i, i, in order to increase or diminish the extent of
vibration of the said bar, and consequently to vary in a corresponding degree
the stroke of the knives or breakers c, c, according to the work desired to be
performed. By means of the arrangement described the thrust levers or
arms g, g, being connected to the rocking bar i alternately above and below its
centre of motion, will be alternately thrust forward and drawn backward by
the vibrating action of the rocking bar, and will impart corresponding motions
to the two sets of knives or breakers alternately. In this manner while one
set of knives or breakers is driven to the full extent of their forward stroke the
alternate set is always withdrawn to the full extent of their backward stroke.
p, p, are a pair of grinding or crushing rollers (which may be used in con-
nection with the machine if desired) being driven slowly from the main shaft
by means of the spur gearing q, q; the roller p* has fixed bearings, whilst the
roller p is provided with sliding bearings r, r, acted upon by the spring bar s, s,
so as to allow it to yield to any undue strain or pressure as herein-before
mentioned.
Having now described the nature and object of my said Invention for

page_text: Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for Breaking and Grinding Stone,
Ores, and other Hard Materials," together with the manner in which the
same is to be or.may be performed or carried into practical effect, I would
remark that I do not claim as of my Invention any of the parts of the
machine, herein-before described, otherwise than as herein-after stated; but
what I do claim as of my Invention is, the combination of parts consisting of
knives or breakers suspended from above, with a rocking bar and thrust levers
so arranged that on the upward motion of the end of the bar to which the
levers are connected one set of levers with the knives or breakers are thrust
forwards and the other or alternate set of levers with the corresponding knives
or breakers are at the same time drawn backwards, the action of the two sets
of levers and knives or breakers being reversed on the downward or return
motion of the said end. of the rocking bar, as herein-before described; and
when the machine is required to be used for grinding as well as breaking I
claim the combination with the breaking apparatus described of the grinding
or crushing rollers with their appurtenances, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Archer, junior, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this 14th day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
Witness,
JOSEPH CRAIGGY.
THOMAS ARCHER, JUNIOR. (L.S.)