Improvements in Padlocks and Keys.
Year: 1899

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Padlocks and Keys.
I, GEORGE EDWARD BRADBURY, of 26, Rowley Street, Walsall, in the County
of Stafford, Locksmith, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
!
The invention in its complete form, embodies the novel principle of using a
key with two bits placed angle-wise to one another, one of the bits being used
to move back the lever or levers and the other to directly operate the bolt, thus
ensuring that no single-bitted key can be used, or be adapted to be used, in
successfully unlocking the lock; but a portion of the invention, though it does
not taken alone embody such principle, forms in itself a novel feature.
The bolt which carries the head for engagement with the shackle is pivoted
within the case, being conveniently carried, as a turning fit, upon the drill pin.
The levers are pivoted within the case by means of a suitable stud or pin, and
each is formed with a notch or slot to receive the stump of the bolt, as the bolt
is moved back when the levers are raised by the proper key to bring their notches
or slots into coincidence with one another. The levers are pressed down in the
usual manner, each by its own spring, and are conveniently prevented from being
pressed below their proper downward position by shoulders of such levers coming
upon the stump of the bolt, when the bolt is in its locked position. One of the
bits of the key is formed to raise the levers into their proper position in relation
to one another to enable the bolt stump to pass within their notches or slots, and
the other bit, which is formed at an angle, preferably at right angles, to the bit
which is adapted for operating the levers, is formed with a part which, as the
key is turned. comes against a shoulder of the bolt and moves the bolt back.
When the bolt is pivoted by means of the drill pin, the bit for operating the
bolt is formed with a nib or extension which passes down over the edge of the
inner end of the bolt, and comes against the shoulder of the bolt as the key
is turned in the direction to unlock. The parts are, of course, so formed in re-
lation to one another that the levers are properly raised by the time the stump
of the bolt reaches the edges of the levers, so that the further turning of the key
in its unlocking direction causes the stump to enter the slots or notches of the
levers, and those portions of the edges of the levers against which the bit of the
key bears which operates the levers are, of course, shaped so that the further
turning of the key, after the stump of the bolt commences to enter the notches or
slots of the levers, will not further raise the levers, at any rate sufficiently to cause
the sides of their notches or slots to bind against the stump of the bolt.
It is preferred to press the bolt in an outward or locking direction by means
of a spring, so that it is self-locking on the return of the key; but the bolt may
be provided with a second shoulder, against which the bit for operating the bolt
may come as the key is turned in the opposite direction, and thus the bolt may
be moved into its locking position by the key.
The stump of the bolt need not pass through gatings of the levers, apart from
its passage through the levers when it is within the notches or slots thereof,
providing that other suitable means are employed for stopping the bolt in it's

page_text: outward or locked position, such as by forming a shoulder at the hinder end of
the head thereof to come against a fixed portion of the case.
The key-hole is, of course, formed for the passage therethrough of the two
bits of the key.
A pipe key must, of course, be used when a drill pin is used in the case, but if
the bolt is pivoted, as it may be, if desired, by an independent pin placed out
of centre with the central axis of the key hole a pin key may be used, if desired.
The portion of the invention which consists of the bolt pivoted to the lock case
by means of the drill pin, may be used apart from the other portion of the lock-
ing mechanism, providing that the bolt is normally pressed outwards by means
of a spring, and the head formed of a shape to cause it to be automatically pushed
inwards by the shackle, or other part with which it is intended to engage, or
provided that means are used for holding the bolt in its unlocked and locked
positions, if it is to be both unlocked and locked by the key. In this modification
of the invention, of course, a double-bitted key is not required; but simply a key
with a single bit having a nose projecting from the bit in a direction parallel
with the axis of the key for engagement with a shoulder or shoulders of the
bolt.
:
Dat do of
1000
STEPHEN WATKINS & GROVES,
Wolverhampton, Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in Padlocks and Keys.
1, GEORGE EDWARD BRADBURY, of 26, Rowley Street, Walsall, in the County
of Stafford, Locksmith, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and as-
certained in and by the following statement:-
-
The invention, in its complete form, embodies the novel principle of using a
key with two bits placed angle-wise to one another, or in different positions
around the axis of the key, one of the bits being used to move back the lever or
levers of a padlock and the other to directly operate the bolt, thus ensuring that
no single-bitted key can be used, or be adapted to be used, in successfully unlock-
ing the lock but a portion of the invention, though it does not, taken alone,
embody such principle, forms in itself a novel feature.
In describing the invention reference will be had to the accompanying draw-
ings, in which Figure 1 is a front elevation of a padlock, with the front plate
removed to expose the interior mechanism. In this view, the shackle is shewn
to be locked down by the bolt. Figure 2 is a corresponding view to Figure 1.
but shows the key to have been inserted within the lock and partially turned
therein. Figure 3 is a corresponding view to Figure 1, but shews the mechanism
to be unlocked and the shackle thrown open; and Figure 4 is a side elevation of
the key used with this padlock.
The bolt A, which carries the head a for engagement with the shackle B, is
pivoted within the case, being conveniently carried, as a turning fit, upon the
drill-pin . The levers Care pivoted within the case by means of a suitable stud
or pin, and a notch or slot d is formed in the forward edge of each lever to
receive the stump e of the bolt when the leyers have been moved into the position,
shewn by Figure 2, in which all their notches coincide with one another.
In Figure 1 the notches are shewn as out of coincidence with the stump e and
with one another, but in Figure 2 they are shewn to be in coincidence with one
another with their open mouths opposite to the stump e, and in Figure 3 the

page_text: stumpe is shewn to have been moved back into the notches d. The levers are
pressed inwards, in the usual manner, each by its own spring f, and are con-
veniently prevented from being pressed too far inwards by shoulders projecting
at the forward ends of the levers which come upon the stump e of the bolt, when
the bolt is in its locked position. The key is formed with two bits h and i, which
are shewn as at right angles with one another. The bit moves back the levers C
into the position shewn by Figure 2, and then the bit i, coming against a shoulder
or projection such as l, of the bolt A, moves back the bolt, bringing the stump e
thereof into the notches & of the levers. When the stumpe has partially entered
the levers it, of course, prevents the levers from moving inwards again, except
for any clearance between itself and the upper sides of the notches, though the
further movement of the bit of the key might otherwise allow them to do so.
When the bolt A is pivoted, as shewn, by means of the drill-pin b, the bit i is,
or may be, formed with a uib or extension (see Figure 4) which passes over
the edge of the inner end of the bolt, and comes against the shoulder 7 thereof, as
the key is turned in the direction to unlock. In this case, the shoulder is forced
at the edge of the bolt, as shewn.
It is preferred to press the bolt in an outward or locking direction by means
of a spring, such as m, so that it is self-locking on the return of the key; but
the bolt A may be provided with a second shoulder, such as n, against which the
bit for operating the bolt may come as the key is turned in the forward direction,
and thus the bolt may be moved into its locking position by the key. The bolt
may have a shoulder, formed at the hinder end of the head thereof, to act as a
stop to the movement of the bolt in an outward direction, by coming against
the side of the rivet p.
The key-hole is, of course, formed for the passage therethrough of the two
bits of the key.
:
A pipe key must, of course, be used when a drill-pin is used in the case; but
if the bolt is pivoted, as it may be, if desired, by an independent pin placed out
of centre with the central axis of the key-hole, a pin key may be used, if desired.
Figures 5 and 6 are views corresponding to Figure 1, but shew modifications
of the invention in which a single bitted key only is used; and Figure 7 is a
side elevation of the key used with such locks.
In the modification shewn by Figure 5, the bolt A, which is pivoted to the
case by means of the drill-pin b, is pressed forwards by means of a spring, such
as m, as in the lock previously described, and the head of the bolt is preferably
bevelled, or correspondingly-shaped, as shewn, to cause it to be pushed in auto-
matically by the shackle, thus constituting the mechanism self-latching. The
bolt is formed with a shoulder 1, and the key with a nib which presses there-
against as the key is turned to turn back the bolt. No lever mechanism is used
in this instance. "The shackle is shewn as thrown out by a spring D.
In the modification shewn by Figure 6, the bolt A is pivoted to the case by
means of the drill-pin . but has no spring, and has a stump el which passes
through the gating or gatings of a lever or plurality of levers C. The bolt is
formed with two shoulders and against one or other of which the nib k of
the key presses to move the bolt backwards or forwards as required, when the
other portion of the bit of the key has moved the lever or levers upwards
sufficiently to allow the stupipe of the bolt to pass through the narrower portion
of the gating. In this modification, the bolt is held in its locked position by the
engagement of a notch at the forward end of the gating with the stump e',
and is held in its unlocked position by the engagement of a notch r, at the hinder
end of the gating, with such stump.
In the lock mechanisms above described a tumbler may, of course, he substi-
tuted for a single lever, the mechanism being in such case modified therefor as
will be well understood.
The key bits may, of course, make an angle of 180° with one another, in which
case they would be opposite to one another around the axis of the key.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said in-
vention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A padlock having mechanism of which a lever (or tumbler) or levers is
adapted to be operated by a bit of a key which is at an angle with another bit
of the same key or in a different position around the axis of the key, and of
which the bolt is adapted to be operated by the other hit of such key, substantially
as described.
:
2. A key having two bits making an angle with one another, or in different
positions around the axis of the key, of which one of such bits is adapted to operate
a lever (or tumbler) or levers of a padlock mechanism, and the other bit to operate
the bolt of such mechanism, substantially as described.
3. In a padlock, a bolt pivoted within the case and formed with a shoulder
at the edge thereof, and a key having a nib projecting backwards from the outer
end of the bit which passes across the edge of the bolt when the key is in place
within the lock, and which, as the key is turned, may be brought against the
shoulder of the holt, substantially as described.
4. A padlock having a bolt mounted upon the drill-pin and formed with a
shoulder or part which may be pressed against by the key-bit, substantially as
described.
5. A padlock having a bolt pivoted within the case, and a lever (or tumbler)
or levers also pivoted within the case and adapted to secure the bolt in its locked
position, the said lever or levers being constructed to be operated by one bit of a
two-bitted key of which the bits are at an angle with one another, or in different
positions around the axis of the key, and the bolt being constructed to be
operated by the other bit of such key, substantially as described.
6. A padlock and key for the same, of which the lock has a bolt pivotally
mounted within the case by means of the drill-pin, and carrying a stump, and a
lever or levers pivoted within the case and formed, or each formed, with a notch
to receive the stump as the bolt is moved back by the key, and of which the key
is formed with two bits at an angle with one another, or in different positions
around the axis of the key, the mechanism being so arranged that one of the said
bits operates the lever or levers and the other of the said bits operates the bolt,
substantially as described.
7. A padlock and key for the same, of which the lock has a bolt pivotally
mounted within the case by means of the drill-pin and carrying a stump, and a
lever or levers pivoted within the case and formed, or each formed, with a notch
to receive the stump as the bolt is moved back by the key, and of which the key
is formed with two bits at an angle with one another or in different positions
around the axis of the key, namely, one to operate the lever or levers and the
other to operate the bolt, the latter bit being formed with a nib or projection
which passes across the edge of the bolt and bears against a shoulder formed in
such edge, substantially as described.
8. The combination constituting the padlock mechanism substantially as de-
scribed and shewn by Figures 1. 2 and 3 of the drawings herewith.
9. The combination constituting the padlock mechanism substantially as de-
scribed and shewn by Figure 5 of the drawings herewith.
10. The combination constituting the padlock mechanism substantially as de.
scribed and shewn by Figure 6 of the drawings herewith.
Dated this Sth day of December 1899.
STEPHEN WATKINS & GROVES.
Chartered Patent Agents,
Wolverhampton, Agents for the Applicant.