Improvements in Templates for Testing Yarn and Fabrics.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 31st May, 1895-Accepted, 7th Sept., 1895
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Templates for Testing Yarn and Fabrics.
==
I, ARNOLD SCHAER, of Warren,-in-the-County of Bristol, State of Rhode
Island, United States of America, Manager, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained, in and by the following statement:-
The object of this invention is to provide a ready method and means for
ascertaining from a sample of cloth what number of yarn the same is made of and
what is the weight of the same, that is, how many yards are contained in one pound,
or how many ounces one yard weighs. Such calculations as are necessary when a
sample of cloth is submitted to a manufacturer, are now accomplished in a very
complex manner requiring a great deal of calculation and skill.
This object is accomplished by graduating a templet, so that a standard length of
yarn contained in a sample of cloth is indicated by such graduations, as 12", 60
or 30 yards for cotton, 50, 25, or 12 for wool.
The device for accomplishing these calculations is made in the form of a templet
made of the proper width to cut a sample to, and graduated with divisions to
determine the length to cut the sample according to the ascertained number of
count of threads per inch, which sample when weighed, will give the number of
the yarn.
This graduation is shown on the upper half of the templet, A. The lower
half B, of the templet represents a graduation by which to determine the length of
the sample by the number of inches in width of the cloth, which sample weighed,
will give the number of yards per pound of the cloth.
The spaces between the divisions on the upper half A, of the templet, are so
proportioned that a piece of cloth cut of the full width of the plate and of the
length between the left end of the plate and the mark indicated by the count or
number of threads per inch in the piece, will contain a given length of yarn.
For example, a piece of cloth of full width of the templet, of say, twenty-five
picks or counts to the inch, cut of the length from the left end of the plate to the
line marked "25," will contain the same number of yards of yarn as a piece of
cloth of the full width of the plate, of twenty picks or counts to the inch, cut to
the length between the left end of the plate and the line marked "20" will
contain, and consequently either piece of cloth may be put on the scales and weighed
the same as so much yarn, and the number of the yarn ascertained by the weight.
In these graduations for cotton yarn or spun silk, the number taken for standard
dividend is one thousand. The length of yarn contained in each of the various
samples, cut as above directed, is one hundred and twenty yards, and if a sample
cut to the measure indicated by the number of picks or count per inch, weighs
twenty-five grains, this number divided into one thousand equals forty, which is the
number of the yarn, and if it weighs twenty grains, one thousand divided by twenty
equals fifty, which is the number of the yarn in that case.
In making the templet for woollen cloth, the proportional graduation of the scale
is the same as that used for cotton; but the plate itself is made narrower in
proportion to the difference between their respective standards of length for
numbering.
For worsteds the templet can be taken just as it is for cotton; but the standard
number instead of being one thousand as in cotton cloth, will be fifteen hundred,

page_text: and this number divided by the number of grains the piece weighs, indicates the
number of the yarn. For example, if a piece of worsted measured and cut to
dimensions according to the count of threads to the inch, as above weighs
seventy-five grains, fifteen hundred divided by seventy-five equals twenty, the
number of the yarn in the sample.
As a sample large enough to cut full width of the plate and of the necessary length,
cannot always be had, I have provided an arrangement of proportional divisions
opposite the regular standard divisions marked c, size, by which if a sample is as
wide as the plate, but not long enough to reach up to the line indicated by its
number of threads per inch on the standard side, it can be cut by the side of the
scale marked c, "size," and the number to be divided by the weight in grains
will be five hundred instead of one thousand, and if a sample is long enough to
reach the required mark, but is too narrow to reach across the plate, it can be
cut to the middle mark, "half width," lengthwise of the scale, and the result of
the grain weight divided into one thousand, divided by two, will give the number
of the yarn.
A line marked "25," is for a quarter sized sample, and the result
is divided by four. With these subdivisions very small samples can be tested.
In making a
count of the threads per inch in the cloth, to ascertain the
desired size to cut a sample, as it is the area and not the mere length that
counts in weighing, the warp threads should be counted as well as the filling, and
if they differ, the average of the two counts should be used. For example; if the
warp has twenty threads per inch and the filling twenty-three threads the
average, twenty-one and threads, is the number to be used as the "count" of
the goods. All the foregoing explanations refer to the half of the templet
marked A, in the drawing.
The lower half of the templet, marked "B," is divided with two sets of
graduations. The spaces between which are alike in both sets, but the upper set
marked a, is numbered with figures twice as high as those are on the lower set
of graduations. These graduations represent the width of the cloth in inches, to
which the sample belongs that is to be tested; that is, they indicate the length
the sample must be cut to for weighing. For example; a merchant receives a
sample of cloth which he is informed is forty inches wide. He takes the sample
and cuts it to the width of the templet, and the length from the left end to the
line on the lower set of the graduations on the "B" half of the templet,
marked "forty." The piece cut to these dimensions, is then weighed on grain
scales, and the number of grains the sample weighs, suppose it is twenty grains
in this case, is divided into one hundred, the standard number, and the result, five,
is the number of yards to the pound that the cloth weighs. The standard
number, one hundred,. that the width of the plate and of the spaces between
the graduations, has been calculated to produce a given result. If the sample is
cut to one-half the width of the templet the standard number to divide the number
of grains in weight into will be fifty.
Sometimes the sample available is not large enough to cut to the lower set; then
the proportional divisions a, can be used; for example: If a sample is as wide as
the plate, but not long enough to reach the line the width in inches of the cloth
from which the sample was cut, it can be cut to the double numbered graduations a,
which are twice the valuation of those on the lower set and when weighed, the
weight in grains, divided into fifty. If the sample is not so wide as the plate, but
is long enough to reach the line of width in inches, on the lower side, it can be cut
to the width of the line marked " Half Width" in the middle of the plate.
then the resulting weight can be divided into one hundred and the result divided by
two, or divided into fifty and the number of yards per pound, found.
Other proportional lines marked "25," are made and it will be readily seen that
by the use of these lines, samples of very small size and almost any shape cau be
utilized. Of course the full "standard size of sample when it can be had, will
give a more accurate result than can be obtained with smaller samples.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
"
1st. A templet graduated with lines indicating, in connection with the width of
the templet, the size of a sample of any cloth required by its "number of count
to contain a certain number of yards of yarn, substantially as described.
22:
2nd. A templet graduated with lines indicating the size of a sample of any cloth
required by its "number of counts to contain a certain number of yards of yarn,
and also provided with lines for a proportional reduction in the size of the piece of
cloth, for the purpose of utilizing small samples, substantially as described.
3rd. A templet or gauge for ascertaining the number of yards to the pound of
cloth by weighing a sample, graduated by lines numbered to indicate in connection
with the width of the templet the length the sample should be cut to according to
the width of the cloth, substantially as described.
4th. A templet or gauge for ascertaining the number of yards to the pound of
cloth by weighing a sample, graduated by lines numbered to indicate in connection
with the width of the templet the length the sample should be cut to according to
the width of the cloth, and provided with proportional divisions to utilize small
sized samples, substantially as described.
Dated this 31st day of May 1895
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.