Ix- PROVEMENTS IN THE PASTING OF PAPER AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR.
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter M. Laurin, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "Ix-
PROVEMENTS IN THE PASTING OF PAPER AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREFOR.
"
Sealed the 27th December 1872, and dated the 20th September 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter McLaurin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th September 1872.
I, PETER MCLAURIN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PASTING OF PAPER AND IN THE MACHINERY
OB APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to say:—
This said Invention consists substantially in a new or improved con-
struction and arrangement of the parts of the class of machinery which
pastes paper in sheets, either on one or preferably on both sides, for the
making of all kinds of cardboard, and specially in the arrangement and
use of endless blankets or webs of other equivalent fabric passed over

page_text: the conducting and pressing rollers or drums of these machines for
receiving the paste and putting it on to the paper, as well as for carrying
and conducting the paper through the machine and between the two
endless blankets and the pressing rollers, instead of and in contra-
distinction to the use of the ordinary endless cords employed for the
latter purpose in such machines, and in serving the upper blanket with
paste and making it to paste the upper side of the sheets of paper as
well as the lower blanket, and in making the paste serving rollers to
run in the same direction as the blanket, and so cause less wear and
waste of the pasting surfaces.
One modification of this machine constructed in accordance with
these said improvements consists of two main cast-iron side frames
secured at a proper width apart by transverse stays, so as to receive and
allow the new endless webs to pass freely between the frames. The two
large paste distributing and pressing rollers or drums are arranged with
their axes and bushes to work in vertical slots in the side frames,
exactly over that of the lower serving drum, which revolves in the
paste trough below, and the small rear pressing rollers also have their
bushes set in vertical slides in the frame over those of the first transverse
motion shaft, with the pressing part of both sets of rollers, by preference,
in a nearly horizontal plane with the front part of the lower blanket
leading into them just after it has passed through, between, up at an
angle on the lower side from the lower front pressing and paste serving
rollers, over the front reversing and conducting small roller. This lower
(carrying and conducting and pasting) blanket after passing through
between the two small nipping or pressing and finishing paste spreading
rollers, with the sheets on it, is led down at an angle on the top opening
away from the upper blanket so as to allow the pasted sheets as thus
passed through to be freely lifted away as usual, and placed over each
other and compressed together into thick sheets of paper or cardboard,
the blanket being reversed over and under the small rear conducting
roller forward again in a nearly horizontal direction on the under side,
through between the lower large front pressing and distributing roller
and the paste serving roller, so as to be recoated with paste again before
passing up in front to receive and carry through the fresh sheets of
paper. The upper blanket is passed forward and back nearly hori-
zontally, and round the front of the large upper pressing and paste
distributing roller or drum, and upwards after leaving the small rear

page_text: furnishing rollers, at a slight angle round a large rear conducting and
reversing roller or drum, forward below the narrow parallel mouth of an
angled sided or hopper shaped paste supplying vessel, from which the
blanket recoated with paste passes round the said large front drum to
catch, paste, and feed in the sheets of paper along with the under
blanket on which they are laid by hand or otherwise in a usual
manner.
The blankets being carried round and along at a uniform speed in the
same direction as all the acting or rubbing surfaces by the rollers geared
to each other by spur wheels at the side of tho machine, of the same
diameter at the pitch line as the rollers, all driven from one first motion
transverse shaft placed, by preference, in bearings below the small rear
nipping and spreading rollers, and driven from any adjacent prime
mover or shaft by a driving belt and fast and loose pulley on its one
end, or other equivalent means as desired. In this machine improved
means also are provided for the easy insertion and removal of the rollers
and drums and for tightening them up, strong covers being secured on
the top of the side frames and vertical slots of the bushes of the pressing
rollers, the upper bushes being each carried by a regulating screw passed
through the said covers, while each bush of the end reversing blanket
rollers is carried in parallel guides with long setting and fixing screws
secured to the side frames of the machine; and the bushes of the under
paste serving roller are also set up and tightened in their slotted recesses
by set screws, as also the upper paste hopper, which may or may not
have serving rollers for putting the paste on to the upper blanket.
The lower paste serving roller is preferred to be made in the form of
a sheet metal drum smooth on its outer surface, but the pressing and
conducting drums or rollers are preferred to be covered or jacketed with
blankets or other equivalents, as heretofore.
30 SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Peter M Laurin in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 18th March 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PETER
M° LAURIN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
35 Manufacturer, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Mer
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twentich day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Peter McLaurin, Her special licence,
that I, the said Peter M Laurin, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Peter McLaurin, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, usc, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PASTING
OF PAPER AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Peter M. Laurin, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Peter McLaurin, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement in writing, reference being had to the accom-
panying Sheet of Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon, that is to say :—
My said Invention consists substantially in a new or improved
construction and arrangement of the parts of the class of machinery
used for pasting paper in sheets, either on one or preferably by these
improvements, on both sides, for the making of all kinds of cardboard,
and specially in the arrangement and use of two endless blankets
or webs of other equivalent fabric used for that purpose, passed over
the upper and lower set of the conducting and pressing drums and
rollers of the machine or mechanism, and which receive the paste
and put or spread it on to the sheets of paper while carrying them
through the machine between the two endless blankets and the central
pressing rollers over which these pass, all instead of and in contra-
distinction to the use of the ordinary endless cords employed for the

page_text: latter purpose in such machines, and in the improvement of serving
the upper blanket with paste and making it to also paste the upper
sides of the sheets of paper while the lower blanket pastes the under
side; and also in driving the paste serving roller or rollers in the same
direction as the blanket, and so cause less wear and waste of the pasting
surfaces of the blanket and serving roller.
And in order that the nature, novelty, and mode of performing my
said Invention may be properly understood, I shall now proceed to
describe the several Figures on the Sheet of Drawings which I have
hereunto appended for the purpose of showing the best modes and
means I am at present aware of for putting my said Invention into
practice; the same reference letters and numerals indicating the same
or like parts in all the Figures.
Figures 1 and 2 are a side and a front end elevation, and Figure 3
a partial plan of the gearing side, all respectively of a machine con-
structed in accordance with and illustrative of one modification of my
said Invention, or application of all the improvements thereof.
Referring then to this modification of my improvements shown
in these Figures 1, 2, and 3, the machine consists of two main cast-
iron side frames A, A, firmly secured to each other at a proper width
apart by the transverse stays or bars A', so as to allow the now
endless pasting blankets or webs a and b and their carrying and
serving rollers C, O', D, D', and a³, a³, b', to pass and revolve freely
between the frames A, A, which are further secured to the foundation
or floor by the flanged feet at A'. The two large paste distributing
and pressing drums and small rollers C, C³, and D, D', respectively,
are arranged with their axes and bushes to work in vertical slots A", A³,
in the side frames A, the drums C, C', exactly over that of the large
lower paste serving drum E which revolves on its bush bearings and
pendant brackets E³, E", regulated in its pressure upwards by the
pinching screws E³, so that the surface of the roller E revolves within
the pasto trough F jointed or attached below to the main frame by
the arms F', F", so as to be raised and lowered; while the small
pressing rollers D, D', have their bushes set in the vertical slides A
of the frames A, a little to the rear of the former A" over the bushes B₁
of the first transverse motive shaft B, which, as well as the spindles
c and d of the lower rollers C and D, are held by their bushes steadily in

page_text: the lower part of the slots A" and A' in the upper part of the frames A,
all so that the inlet and outlet pressing parts of both sets of rollers
C, C', and D, D', at and between the parts 1 and 2, and the blankets
a and b stretched between these are maintained nearly horizontally
with the feeding-in part a¹ of the blanket a in front, rising over the
front guiding and reversing roller a³ at an angle from and between
the pressing surfaces of the drum C and paste serving or supplying
roller E, so as to form a feeding-in surface a' at the front end board =
for carrying each sheet of paper 2¹ as fed in, while this lower (carrying,
conducting, and pasting) blanket a, after passing through between the
two small nipping, or pressing, and paste spreading and finishing rollers
D, D', with the sheets on it, is led down at an angle on the top at a"
opening away from the upper blanket b so as to allow the pasted sheets,
as thus passed through, to be freely delivered and lifted away otherwise,
as usual by the hands of the attendants, and placed over each other, one
between two unpasted sheets, and compressed together into thick sheets
of paper or cardboard, the blanket a being reversed over and under the
small reversing and conducting roller a³ at the rear end of the machine,
and finally back again in a nearly horizontal direction on the under
side, through, between the lower large front pressing and distributing
drums C, E, both running in the same direction so as to be regularly
served or recoated with paste again by the receiving drum E running
in the paste trough F, and set up to the proper pressure against the
blanket a, at 3, by the pinching screws E', where the blanket passes
up in front to receive and carry through the fresh sheets of paper z¹
again, as stated. The upper blanket is passed in over the drum C',
at 1, and forward nearly horizontally from the delivery pressing rollers
D, D', and upwards round the large rear conducting and reversing roller
or drum ², and forward nearly horizontally (below the narrow parallel
mouth L' of an angled sided or hopper shaped upper paste supplying
vessel L from which the blanket b, recoated or served with paste at b',
as will be herein-after more fully described) to and round the said large
front drum C' to catch, paste, and feed in the sheets of paper along with
the under blanket a on which they are laid otherwise by hand at a', as
stated, in a usual manner.

page_text: and prongs 1, sliding in guides at in the upper end edges of the trough L,
carried by the arms L", L³, secured to and raised and lowered by the
screw spindles L" of the brackets L³, secured to the covers G at the
upper part of the frame A. The heck is reciprocated by the connecting
rod and bell crank & fulcrummed on the top of one of the brackets I';
the horizontal arm of the bell crank is connected by the rod ™ to the
lever, the free end of which is worked by the shifting crank pin ≫ on
the disc ³, fixed on the end of the spindle d' of the upper roller D', all
so as to reciprocate the heck 1 and agitate the paste, thus keeping it
homogeneous as well as assisting it to flow through the narrow slit L' on
to the web bat b'. The first motion shaft B has its driving pulley B"
mounted loosely on it, actuated by the driving belt B", passed round it
from a drum on any adjacent first motion shaft, the driving pulley B"
being shifted laterally by the long double hand lever B³ at pleasure from
either end of the machine into or out of gear with the crank clutch B³
keyed on the shaft B between the pulley and the pinion B', also keyed
on the shaft so as to give motion to corresponding wheels c", d", gearing
with it, keyed on the spindles c, d, of the lower pressing rollers C, D,
which drive the upper rollers C³, D', through wheels and d² on their
spindles c, d, geared into the said wheels c", d", of the lower rollers;
the wheel c" of one of which also gears into the wheel e" on the
spindle e of the paste serving drum E, thus actuating all the
blankets a, b, in the same direction as the surfaces of the acting or
carrying, pressing, and supplying rollers, and at one and the same
surface speed by their said spur wheels (at one side of the machine) all
of the same diameter at the pitch line as the rollers which they actuate,
and driven as stated from the first motion shaft B, placed preferably in
the bearing bushes B¹ fixed in the bottom of the slots A² of the frames A
below the pressing rollers D, D', and driven by the pulley B" and
belt B; but this shaft B might be placed in other positions of the
frame and driven from any adjacent prime mover or shaft by fast and
loose pulleys and a belt, or through any usual arrangement of gearing
wheels as desired. Improved means are also provided in this machine
for the easy insertion and removal of the several rollers and drums, and
their bush slots A", A', which
for tightening them up from the top of
have strong covers G secured to the top of the side frames A; the
bushes of the upper pressing rollers C', D', are each carried by a regu-
lating screw spindle G', passed through the said covers G so as to raise
or depress them to the desired degree by a scrow wrench to properly

page_text: moisten and coat the paper with the paste, and then fix them by their
jam nuts G³, while each bush bearing of the end reversing rollers a³, a³,
and 6 is carried in parallel guide brackets HI screwed to the side
frames A of the machine, having long setting and fixing screws I to
regulate the tightness of the blankets a, b, on their rollers, and the
bushes E' of the under paste serving roller E are also provided with setting
up screws E' for regulating the pressure and serving on the pasto to
the lower blanket a at 3 with jam nuts E' for fixing their bushes and
screws E within the slots of the bearing brackets E". To further spread
and regulate the thickness of the layer of paste on the blanket a after it
passes the serving on and pressing part 3 of the two rollers C and E, a
small roller K is mounted in the free end of the two side levers K', and
pressed up against the lower front part of the blanket a by the pinching
screws in the brackets k¹ to the desired tightness, and fixed by jam
nuts ", and so as to remove all superfluous paste from the surface of
the blanket. In some cases when desired serving or spreading and
pressing rollers may be used either instead of or in addition to the
trough L, L', for putting the paste on to the upper blanket b. The
lower pasto serving roller E is preferred to be made in the form of a
sheet metal drum smooth on its outer surface, but the pressing and
conducting drums C, C', and rollers D, D', are preferred to be covered or
jacketed with blanket or other equivalent web fabric, as frequently here-
tofore constructed; and the paste made of the usual kind and con-
sistency is filled in at intervals into the usual trough E, and the new
upper trough or hopper L as it gets used and low in them.
Although I have described this improved machine as for pasting the
sheets of paper on both sides it will be understood that it may also be
used for doing so on one side when desired by dispensing with one of the
paste feeding troughs; or it may be one of the blankets also either with
or without the ordinary endless feeding and carrying cords instead of the
blanket dispensed with.
Having thus described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, I would now observe that what I consider novel and
original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First. The construction and arrangement of the parts of a machine or
mechanism for pasting paper in sheets, all substantially in the new or

page_text: improved manner, and for the respective purposes and advantages herein
described and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Second. The use of an endless blanket or blankets in machines for
pasting paper in sheets, substantially as herein described.
Third. The construction and use of a feeding hopper and mechanism
for applying paste to an upper blanket or pasting web, when this is used
in machines for pasting paper in sheets, substantially as herein
described.
Fourth. The driving of the paste serving roller or rollers in the same
direction as the surface of the blanket or roller on which they deposit
the paste in machines for pasting paper in sheets, all substantially as
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter McLaurin, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of March, in the
year of our Lord, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.
Witness,
W. R. M. THOMSON,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
PETER M‘LAURIN. (L.S.)