matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVED STRIPPING MOTION FOR CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Tattersall, senior, and John
Tattersall, junior, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th
January 1880.
JOHN TATTERSALL, senior, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist, and
JOHN TATTERSALL, junior, of the same Place, likewise Machinist. "IMPROVED
STRIPPING MOTION FOR CARDING ENGINES."
Our Invention consists of an improved method of stripping the rollers of carding
engines, and is constructed in the following manner :-We use the radial arms now
commonly used for stripping flat cards, to which we apply a motion not dissimilar
in outline to the one used by us in a Patent granted to John Tattersall, senior, on
the 6th day of March 1877, and titled "Improved Stripping Motion for Carding
Engines," No. 887. That Invention was designed to strip flat. This roller cards.
The radial arms are as before worked or radiated from or on the cylinder shaft,
to which we fit a moveable sectional sectional travelling motion made to travel from
roller to roller in accordance with the number of rollers on the engine. We fit and
work between the two radial arms, over and outside the circumferential line of the
rollers, a circular or other shaped brush or its equivalent of any suitable material,
which is made to revolve, and coming in proper contact with, strips a section of the
circumference of each roller in rotation on its radial journey going from one to the
other till all are visited and partially stripped. When the revolving brush or its
equivalent is thrown out of gear and lifted clear of all the rollers, it is radially
carried back again to the first roller, which by this time has revolved just far
enough for the end of the last stripping to come again in contact with the brush
or its equivalent, which is now again in contact and begins to strip as before,
stripping a section of each. The strippings are cleanly carried away by a comb,
knife, or any other, its equivalent being periodicaly brought down in contact with
brush or its equivalent, which having so cleared retires carrying and depositing
such strippings in a receptacle conveniently placed; such strippings are unbroken
and not at all damaged. Between each roller we fix a dead flat plate having short
teeth sufficiently long to comb without holding the cotton. The proper speeds
and actions of the several parts are obtained by the usual mechanical appliances
not necessary here to describe.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF PREPARING FLAX STRAW FOR THE PURPOSE OF BEING MANU- FACTURED INTO FLAX
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Timothy Bell at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd February 1880.
TIMOTHY BELL, of Strandtown, in the County of Down.
" IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE PROCESS OF PREPARING FLAX STRAW FOR THE PURPOSE OF BEING MANU-
FACTURED INTO FLAX."
My Invention relates to the process of preparing flax straw for the purpose of
being manufactured into flax, and its object is to save the seed which is lost by
the present methods of manufacture, and at the same time to improve the quality
of the flax.
My process of preparing the flax straw is as follows:-The crop is pulled, dried
in the field or otherwise, and then stacked; it will be most convenient to stack it
at or near the scutching mill. It is afterwards, at the convenience of the owner,
passed through the ordinary rollers for the purpose of removing the seed, which
having been dried and not submitted to any steeping or other hurtful process is
good and sound. The straw is next steeped or retted in cold water of the natural
temperature, and when sufficiently retted it is taken out of the tanks or vats, and
as soon as possible is rolled while wet. This rolling process is effected preferably
by passing the straw between metal rollers under a pressure, which can be varied
according to the nature and quality of the flax. After having been thus rolled the
straw is dried on grass land, and may be afterwards scutched in the ordinary
way.
An important feature of my improved process is the rolling of the flax straw
while it is wet, after it has been dried, and then retted in cold water of the natural
temperature.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BACK SIGHTS FOR SMALL ARMS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Wozencroft at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd November 1880.
CHARLES WOZENCROFT, of Fort Elson, by Gosport, in the County of Hants.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BACK SIGHTS FOR SMALL ARMS."
The object of this Invention is to enable the marksman to aim efficiently at the
object through the centre notch of the back sight at all times, irrespective of the
wind.
For this purpose I so construct the back sight as to form a combined wind gauge
and back sight. I form the "slide" of the back sight with a bar, movable
laterally thereon or therein, and this bar is marked with the usual back sight,
centre notch, and centre line descending therefrom. I prefer to make the "slide"
itself considerably narrower than heretofore, and so that the "slide" and its
movable bar together are of about the same height as the present "slide." The bar
has a slot at each end, and the slide has at each end a lug or guide piece with peg
working in the said slot, or vice versa ; the "slide" may be slotted. The "slide" is
marked in suitable places with points or lines to enable the marksman to use the
bar as a wind gauge.
The sight for the short ranges is formed as a bar which can slide laterally in a
similar manner.
IMPROVED MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd August 1880. A communication
from abroad by Antonio Gonsalves da Molta Basto, of Antonio's Hotel,
Flinders Street West, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Licensed Victualler.
WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, London, in
the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent. "IMPROVED MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS."
A communication from abroad by Antonio Gonsalves da Molta Basto, of
Antonio's Hotel, Flinders Street West, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Licensed
Victualler.
This Invention consists of certain improved medicinal preparations to be used
as outward applications for the relief and cure of burns, scalds, sores, rheumatic and
other pains.
The essential ingredients in these preparations are sugar, methylated spirits, and
cordial bitters.
Of sugar I take, say, three pounds, and boil it in one gallon of water for about
half an hour. This I allow to cool, and then add half a gallon of methylated
spirits, 60 o.p., and half a gallon of cordial bitters, stirring it about until it is
thoroughly mixed.
The mixture thus made may be perfumed, and if desired in the shape of an
ointment, the above mentioned quantity may be mixed with half a pound of hog's
lard and half a pound of linseed oil.
Either of these preparations, that is the liquid or the solid, may be used as the
curative agent, and should be applied twice a day, or oftener, to the parts affected,
as the circumstances may require.
Any kind of sugar, or spirits, or cordial bitters, or their chemical equivalents
may be used without departing from this Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING COTTON, SILK, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Chadwick and Thomas Stott
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th February 1880.
THOMAS CHADWICK and THOMAS STOTT, both of Rochdale, in the County of
Lancaster, Machine Makers and General Machinists. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
FOR WEAVING COTTON, SILK, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
This Invention has for object improvements in looms for weaving cotton, silk,
or other fibrous materials, and has reference to what are known as "swells." The
nature of the Invention will be readily understood from the following description,
reference being had to the accompanying Sheet of illustrative Drawings, in
which a is an upright metal finger, designed to be fixed to the stop-rod of the loom
by a screw b, and carrying near its upper end a polished or smooth metal
swell" c, which is secured to the finger a by a bolt d passing through a slot e in
such manner as to enable the swell to be adjusted to meet the central part of the
shuttle, and raise it in case the neck of the stop-rod is worn down.
"
We attach an apparatus, such as above described, at each end of the stop-rod of
the loom, so that the shuttle working to and fro rubs each time it passes against
the swell, which allows the shuttle to pass and keep in its place, and prevents the
check which occurs with the use of ordinary swells and fingers when the shuttle
enters the box. Moreover, by the use of our Invention the pick is considerably
eased, and great saving is effected in shuttles and box backs. The apparatus being
entirely independent of the box back there is a saving of pickers, picking bands,
and picking stick, as also a saving of power in the delivery of the shuttle, and as
the apparatus requires no oil the cloth is kept clean.
IMPROVEMENTS IN KNIFE AND FORK CLEANING OR POLISHING MACHINES."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jesse Cherk at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th April 1880.
JESSE CHERK, late of the City, County, and State of New York, in the United
States of America, but at present of 23, Southampton Buildings, in the County of
Middlesex. IMPROVEMENTS IN KNIFE AND FORK CLEANING OR POLISHING
MACHINES."
The Invention has for its object improvements in knife and fork cleaning or
polishing machines, and relates to that 'class in which two rollers covered with india
rubber are employed, one above the other, the lower one revolving in a trough
containing polishing powder.
Heretofore the rollers of such description of machines have been caused to revolve
in contrary directions to each other, by which means any article inserted between
them while such rollers were being rotated was drawn in between such rollers, and
considerable effort was required to be employed to pull such article in the contrary
direction to effect the cleaning or polishing thereof. According to my Invention I
obviate this difficulty by causing the said rollers to revolve both in the same
direction, whereby the knives and forks passed between the same may be easily
handled, as the contrary action of the two rollers thereon tends to neutralize tho
drawing in action before referred to.
I prefer to communicate motion from the one roller to the other by clastic bands
passed round pulleys fixed on both ends of the said rollers, and I give motion to
one of said rollers by a crank handle. By these means I cause the two rollers to bo
pressed together by simple means, and at the same time give motion from the one
to the other in the direction desired.
The side frames of the machine are each formed with a bearing and an open
ended slot to receive the axes of the two rollers, and said side frames are connected
together at the required distance from each other by a stretcher in the form of a
trough to receive the polishing powder. An extension of one end of the axle of one
of the rollers is covered with india rubber of small diameter corrugated in lines
running round the same for a portion of its length, and plain for the remainder,
thereby enabling the tines of forks and the smaller parts of knives and forks to be
readily cleaned or polished.
The side frames are formed with clamps, and are provided with thumb screws to
enable the machine to be readily clamped to a table.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL AND IRON AXLES, AND OTHER SHAFTS OR BARS WITH VARYING DIAMETERS, AND IN THE MACHINERY CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Duffield at the Office of
theCommissioners of Patents on the 8th October 1880.
JAMES DUFFIELD, of Dore, in the County of Derby, Steel Manager. « IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL AND IRON AXLES, AND OTHER SHAFTS
OR BARS WITH VARYING DIAMETERS, AND IN THE MACHINERY CONNECTED
THEREWITH."
My Invention relates more particularly to the manufacture of iron or steel
railway axles, but is also applicable to the manufacture of other shafts or bars
which are required to be made with varying diameters; it also relates to the
general construction of the machinery or apparatus employed in such manufacture.
In carrying out my Invention I place an ingot bloom or bar of metal in a
sufficiently hot state between two horizontal metal plates, on the inner surfaces of
which are fixed or formed suitable tapered swells or projections for the purpose of
reducing the diameter of the axle or shaft where necessary. These plates are sup-
ported on a suitable frame, and one or both of the plates is or are made to travel
horizontally so as to cause the ingot or bar of metal to rotate between them by
means of powerful screws or otherwise.
The projecting swells (which are by preference tapered down to the end at which
they begin to act upon the ingot or bar) are by the pressure of the top plate made
to compress and reduce the ingot or bar to the desired diameter and form, whilst
the surplus position of the metal produced by the elongation of the ingot may be
cut off to the desired length by suitable cutters fixed upon the plates and a finished
axle be thus produced.
After the surplus metal has been cut off, a continuation of the movement of the
plate or plates may cause the finished axle or shaft to pass over the ends of the
projecting swells and then drop on to an inclined plane which conducts it into a
suitable position for examination. It is intended that the machine should be of
such a length that one traverse of the plate or plates will be sufficient to form and
cut off a finished axle. The top plate is fitted to slides in guides, so as to be
capable of adjustment to suit different diameters of axles.
"
The projecting swells or inclined planes herein before referred to may be con-
nected to the plates by screws or otherwise, so as to render them capable of being
adjusted in different positions, or to be removed and replaced by others when
required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND TRUCKS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by tho, said Illius Augustus Timmis at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th March 1880.
ILLIUS AUGUSTUS TIMMIS; of No. 17, Parliament Street, Westminster, S.W., Civil
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND TRUCKS."
This Invention, which has for its object improvements in railway carriages,
consists in certain novel arrangements in supporting the body of railway vehicles
on their underframes, whereby economy of first cost is obtained, and less vibration
is imparted to the body of the vehicles in running than by the present method of
construction.
It is customary to put india-rubber or other elastic material between the body
and underframe of railway carriages, but instead of these materials I use coiled
steel springs of any convenient size and strength. These may be coiled helically,
conically, or in a conical-volute shape, or may be used in a nest form, or otherwise,
and they may be made from any section of steel, but by preference I use what are
known as "Timmis" " unequal section springs; sco my previous Patents, No. 3325,
1875, and No. 831, 1879. These springs I fix in any convenient way, with or
without a spindle or bolt through them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE UTILIZATION OF THE REFUSE MATTERS OF TOWNS AND CITIES."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Rae Wilson Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th January 1880.
"
WILLIAM RAE WILSON SMITH, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Merchant. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE UTILIZATION OF THE REFUSE
MATTERS OF TOWNS AND CITIES."
This Invention, which relates to improvements in the utilization of the refuse
matters of towns and cities, such as ashes and vegetable and animal matter,
consists in forming the same into artificial fuel for burning in domestic grates or
fireplaces, or in steam boiler or other furnaces.
In carrying the Invention into practice, the said refuse is commingled with either
a cheap cementing material, such as clay, or lime, or their equivalent, or with an
inexpensive glutinous or pitchy material, which may be of a farinaceous, animal, or
mineral character.
For the purposes of this Invention such cementing, glutinous, or pitchy material
may be the refuse of gas or oil works, or that of starch or gum works, breweries,
or distilleries, as well as the refuse of tanneries or glue works.
The refuse material mixed with the adhesive or glutinous material, as herein-
before described, may be used for the purpose of this Invention either in the
roughly mixed state as it is collected, but by preference those parts of its contents
which are most productive of heat on being burned are separated and treated in the
manner described.
After the refuse material, either selected or not, is mixed with this cementing, or
glutinous, or pitchy material, it is compressed in machines of the class used in the
manufacture of bricks or briquets, and in this state when dry is used as fuel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FUSTIANS AND CORDS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Dewhirst and Shackleton
Crossley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th February
1880.
DAVID DEWHIRST and SHACKLETON CROSSLEY, both of Hebden Bridge, in the
County of York, Fustian Manufacturers. “IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF FUSTIANS AND CORDS."
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of looped or pile
fabrics, such as fustians and cords, and the object of the Invention is to produce a
fuller face on the piece, whereby an improved appearance and value is attained.
In the manufacture of such fabrics according to this our said Invention, we
combine a backing or foundation with the pile or loops consisting of one pick of
weft to the back, and three to the face; or one to the back and four to the face;
or one to the back and five to the face, thus producing recesses at the back of and
in the direction of the length of the piece, and a crowded or full pile face. Ordinary
healds, boxes, tappets, or other like mechanism are available in the combining the
backing and pile facing of the piece and producing the recess on the back and
prominence of pile.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING ELECTRICITY
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Weightman Harrison at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th August 1880.
CHARLES WEIGHTMAN HARRISON, of 27, Southampton Buildings, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING
ELECTRICITY."
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus for obtaining electricity."
According to my Invention I employ a series of of coils or helices of conducting
material, and in combination therewith an interior central bar or tube, or series of
bars or tubos, the motion of which within the said helices and in the direction of
their length causes electric currents within them. The motion of the said interior
bar or tube may be either vibratory or continuous, and when the latter it is effected
by an endless chain of such bars or tubes, which in continuous motion pass
successively and rapidly through a series of the coils or helices; or the coils or
helices may have the motion imparted to them, and the bar or tube, or series
thereof, remain stationary.
The said interior bar or tube may be built up to form a multipolar magnetic core,
having a series of poles, separated one from the other by space or by a non magnetic
substance; or the inagnets forming the core may be combined so as to form one
magnet with a series of magnetic and neutral points, for which purpose the
magnets are put in contact end to end by like poles. Independent currents may
be taken from each coil or from a group of any required number of them. Also
coils and their cores may be placed in series side by side so as to increase the offect
of the current.
According to another part of my Invention, applicable to known and other electric
machines producing alternating currents, I pass such currents through one or more
coils of conducting material, conveniently placed in connection with the machine,
the re-acting currents of which coils are made by a suitable commutator placed on
the axis of the machine to act in direction with the initial current.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLER PUMPS, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR OTHER PUMPING PURPOSES, AND FOR DRAWING AND FORCING FLUIDS IN GENERAL
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Jensen at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 31st July 1880. A communication from
abroad by Doctor Jaques Comperghi, of Paris, France.
$5
PETER JENSEN, of 33, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLER PUMPS, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR OTHER PUMPING
PURPOSES, AND FOR DRAWING AND FORCING FLUIDS IN GENERAL."
munication from abroad by Doctor Jaques Comperghi, of Paris, France.
A com-
The pump constructed according to this Invention is made in the form of a
wheel formed with vanes similar to that of a windmill, and enclosed in a cylindrical
case, having an annular space at each side of the wheel in the direction of the axis.
The inlet is on one side, the outlet on the other side of the circumference of the
case at the same or at different levels, and one at or near one end cover, the other
at or near the other end cover. The vanes are enclosed by an outer circular rim,
which runs closely against the inside of the circumference of the case.
The fluid forced against one end of the case causes a diminution in pressure on
the other, and thus a suction action is created. A diaphragm or partition between
circumference and middle boss of case at or near the inlet and outlet compels the
fluid to take the desired direction; the wheel in revolving passes quite close to the
diaphragms, but without friction.
The inclination of the vanes may be between 45 and 60 degrees with the side of
the wheel.
The centre part of the case is by preference recessed in at each side.
Two wheels may be placed in the same case with vanes inclined in the opposite
directions, and with an annular space between the two wheels and two lateral
ones; at the middle, between the wheels, there is then a disc, which passes the
diaphragm fixed in the case.
When this apparatus is used for propelling vessels, one or two of them may be
used, drawing the water from one part or end of the vessel and forcing it out at
the other, and placed with their axes horizontally or vertically.
The pipes leading to and from the propeller may have sluice valves for shutting
off communication with the outer water if the propeller is to be examined or taken
out. By suitable valves in lateral pipes the water may also, if desired, be made to
enter and issue laterally, and assist the rudder in turning the vessel or to supersede
its use.
The inlet and outlet pipes should be very large to avoid friction.
AN IMPROVED COUNTING AND REGISTERING APPARATUS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexandre Rousselle and Jérémie
Mariotte at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th August
1880.
ALEXANDRE ROUSSELLE and JÉRÉMIE MARIOTTE, both of Paris, in the Republic
of France, of No. 2, Rue Thierry. "AN IMPROVED COUNTING AND REGISTERING
APPARATUS."
The object of this Invention is to provide a simple and effective counting and
registering apparatus to be adapted to all kinds of machinery to which such
an apparatus is applicable.
The apparatus consists of a ratchet wheel mounted on a central axis in a suitable
case, and having an even number of teeth, say 100. This wheel is driven by the
action of a pawl carried by a lever on the ratchet teeth. The lever rocks on the
central axis, and is worked by a rod flexibly connected to any convenient part of
the machine the work of which is to be counted. On the face of this ratchet
wheel is fixed a pin, which once in a rotation comes into contact with one point of
a ten pointed star wheel. A finger on this star wheel acts upon a second and
similar star wheel, which in turn actuates a third star wheel. These wheels carry
on their faces numbers which show through openings in a dial placed in front of the
wheels.
The star wheels are mounted on axles secured to a plate suitably fixed in the
case. The dial is divided off into, say, 100 parts, and the central axis carries a
pointer by which any number under 100 can be registered. Over that amount the
star wheels come into operation, and denote respectively through the openings in
the dial, hundreds, thousands, and tens of thousands.
The pin on the ratchet wheel once in a rotation will trip the tail of the striker
and sound a bell. Springs are used to keep the actuating lever and pawl in their
proper position for working. The apparatus can always be brought to zero by
means of thumb buttons on the axis of each wheel.
The whole apparatus is enclosed by a glass which can be removed only by the
controller.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN GASALIERS AND OTHER LIKE FITTINGS KNOWN AS SLIDES OR PENDANTS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Reuben Phelps at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th June 1880.
REUBEN PHELPS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick. " CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN GASALIERS AND OTHER LIKE FITTINGS KNOWN AS SLIDES OR
PENDANTS."
My Invention appertains to that class of gasalier and gas fittings in which the
body or lower part may be drawn down for the purpose of lighting, extinguishing,
and cleaning. To prevent au escape of gas when lowering or when lowered various
plans have been employed, viz., the hydraulic slide, the stuffing box, and cork
slide, but all have been imperfect and liable to danger.
I will describe my Invention thus:-To the inner tube of an ordinary gas fitting
and at a required distance from the bottom exteriorally I permanently arrange a
seat; a loose cap is now fed upon the said tube until reaching the seat, and into
this, also upon the tube, I place the one end of a cylindrical washer of india rubber
(or what in commerce is known as such) and of any desired length; a second cap is
now employed which covers the other end of india rubber washer, the same is held
in position by means of a screwed nut upon the exterior surface of the said tube;
this nut also regulates the same, for instance, when tho inuer tube above described
is placed in the outer tube, and the said nut is fed upwards. The india rubber
washer is compressed to the interior of the outer tubo, and thus a perfect and sound
connection is formed to facilitate the movement of the above. I place a small
quantity of French chalk or similar compound in the outer tube above the washer
and parts above described; this reduces the friction upon the washer and increases
its durability.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FASTENING BOOTS, SHOES, GAITERS, GLOVES, AND OTHER KINDRED ARTICLES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marks Leopold Müller and Henry
Hartjen at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th March
1880.
MARKS LEOPOLD MÜLLER, of Sandall Road, Camden Town, in the County of
Middlesex, Mechanician, and HENRY HARTJEN, of Falcon Street, in the City of
London, Commission Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FASTENING
BOOTS, SHOES, GAITERS, GLOVES, AND OTHER KINDRED ARTICLES."
Our Invention relates to improvements in apparatus for fastening boots, shoes,
gaiters, gloves, and other kindred articles, and has for object to facilitate and
expedite the ready fastening or unfastening of the article to which it is applied.
Our improved fastening apparatus consists in one arrangement of two identical
members or portions, each of which is composed of a specially curved or shaped
shank provided at one end with a button, knob, or head, and at the other with
prongs or pin points, the said apparatus forming together when applied to the
article one pair of fastenings. Any number of these pairs of fastenings may be
applied as required. This fastening apparatus is secured in place by means of the
aforesaid prongs or pin points which are inserted in the article, and are secured or
attached thereto by clenching so as to cause them to lie flat or. flush with the under
surface of the article and to be securely fixed thereto, or the prongs or pin points
may be dispensed with, and the shank may be attached to the article in other
suitable manner, as, for instance, by eyelets or by sewing.
Our improved fastening apparatus are secured to those parts of the article on
which the buttons and button holes are generally placed, and the mode in which
we effect the fastening is by bringing the buttons, heads, or knobs together, and
by then twisting one over the other cause them and their shank to become
interlocked.
-
Our improved fastening apparatus instead however of being employed in pairs
may be employed singly, and may be so arranged as to engage in a button hole
provided for its reception on the other or opposite edge of the article.
In another arrangement, which is specially applicable to gloves, the curved
shanks carrying the buttons, heads, or knobs are riveted to two extremely thin and
flexible steel strips, which are pivoted together at one end so as to form jaws, and
which are secured to the longitudinal opening or slit of the glove. One of the
buttons, heads, or knobs is a little larger than the other and is grooved on its

page_text: periphery, or is provided with two flanges or discs, into or between which the small
button or knob engages when the fastening of the glove is effected, which is done
in manner similar to that set forth in the arrangement first described.
These jaws when brought together also keep the slit of the glove closed.
In combination with this fastening apparatus the one first herein described 5
may be employed in cases where the glove is to be provided with two or more
buttons or sets of fastenings.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BAGS, SACKS, BED TICKING, AND OTHER RECEPTACLES OF THE LIKE FORM.
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Moore at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th October 1880.
JOSEPH MOORE, of Halifax, in the County of York, Foreman.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BAGS, SACKS, BED TICKING, AND OTHER RECEPTACLES
OF THE LIKE FORM.
"
The object of this Invention is to make the bags or sacks without seams;
hitherto they have been woven in the ordinary way, and the seams sewn by hand
or machine.
In my improved method I take a double quantity of warp and a double quantity
of weft, and with an ordinary loom, a single shuttle, and a single warp beam.
Each alternate end of one half the warp is used for weaving the botton cloth, and
the other alternate ends of the warp are used for weaving the upper cloth, the
shuttle striking through the upper and lower cloth alternately. On commencing
to weave a bag or sack I weave both warps in one cloth, say, for about an inch
long, then weave them separate, as above, for any length the sack or bag may be
required.
In some cases I weave the selvedge stronger by using the ends of both warps, and
in others without selvedge.
IMPROVED ATMOSPHERIC CHURN
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Earle at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th April 1880.
WILLIAM EARLE, of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
IMPROVED ATMOSPHERIC CHURN."
" AN
The main feature of novelty in my improved atmospheric churn consists of a
hollow spindle furnished at or near the upper end with bell mouthed scoops, and
at its lower end with a hollow disc furnished by preference with vanes which com-
municate with projecting openings or mouths on the periphery of the disc.
In action the hollow disc is pivoted on the bottom of the receptacle in which the
milk to be churned is placed, and the upper end of the hollow spindle is connected
by bevil gearing, pulley, and strap, or other means to any suitable arrangement of
mechanism for causing the rotation of the said hollow spindle.
When the hollow spindle is rotated the bell mouthed hollow scoops suck or draw
in air at a great velocity. The air passes down the hollow spindle and is discharged
through the projecting openings or mouths formed in the hollow disc at the bottom,
thus mixing intimately with the milk.
When the disc and spindle become foul or require cleaning water is placed in the
churn, when it is simply necessary to reverse the direction of rotation of the spindle
to cause the hollow disc to suck in water, which travelling up the spindle is dis-
charged through the scoops.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM WHEELS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Thomas Howson and William
Tate at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th Juno-1880.
JOHN THOMAS HOWSON and WILLIAM TATE, both of Sheffield, in the County of
York, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM WHEELS."
Our Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of steam wheels,
such as are used for driving fans and other light machinery, the object being to
produce a simple and effective motor for light work.
In carrying out our Invention we construct the "wheel" as a plate wheel, that
is to say, we make it without arms, the heavy rim and the centre boss being
connected by a web or plate. This plan of construction meets with less resistance
from the air than arms. The steam pockets are formed in the periphery of the
wheel, and may be of any desired number according to the diameter of the wheel.
The shape of the steam pockets we prefer to make slightly curved in the inside for
the steain to impinge upon. The wheel being secured it is mounted in a suitable
casing.
•
We construct the said casing in two principal parts, that is to say, the lower
part which is intended and arranged to be bolted or otherwise fixed to a suitable
foundation, and the top part or cover which closes over the wheel and is secured to
the bottom part of the casing by bolts or other suitable means.
The spindle, which may project through each side of the casing, is carried and
revolves in pedestals or bearings supported on the outside of the lower half of the
casing.
The inlet for the steam wo prefer to place over the upper portion of the wheel,
and the escapo pipe underneath the wheel or nearly so.
If required, suitable governors may be attached and driven from the spindle for
the purpose of regulating the supply of steam to the wheel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLE STANDS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Travis and Thomas Hill, both of Sheffield, in
the County of York, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLE
STANDS,"
(Void by reason of the Patentees having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Travis and Thomas
Hill at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st June 1880.
GEORGE TRAVIS and THOMAS HILL, both of Sheffield, in the County of York.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLE STANDS."
Our Invention relates to improvements in stands which may contain spirit
bottles, scent bottles, and other similar bottles for the purpose of preventing the
abstraction of the contents of the said bottles, and we accomplish this object in the
following manner :—
|_ The bottles are arranged to stand in either recesses formed in the base of the
stand, or in shallow bins or trays formed on the stand, and they are prevented
from being raised and lifted out of such recesses or trays by a bar or cover, which
extends over the tops of the stoppers of such bottles. The bar or cover is made in
two parts, the division being made longitudinally. The two parts are connected
by hinges (or in some cases by ball and socket joints), such hinges being by
preference placed on the top of the bar or cover and attached to the uprights or
standards or handle at the ends of the frame or towards the centre of the frame.
When the bar or cover is attached to the uprights or rods that carry the handle,
we prefer to pass such uprights or rods through a suitable opening in the hinge,
and connect the two by means of the pin of the hinge passing through the upright.
The underside of the bar or cover is made hollow over the stoppers. When the
two sides of the bar or cover are turned on the hinges they are raised sufficiently
high to admit of the bottles being taken out of the stand, and when they are closed
down on the tops of the stoppers they may be secured in that position by means of
any suitable lock.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FRINGES OR TRIMMINGS, TOGETHER WITH THEIR MODE OF CONNECTION TO VARIOUS ARTICLES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Wrenshaw and Thomas Preston
Dunkerley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th October
1880.
JAMES WRENSHAW, of 17, Salisbury Road, Dalston, in the County of
Middlesex, and THOMAS PRESTON DUNKERLEY, of Macclesfield, in the County of
Cheshire. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FRINGES
OR TRIMMINGS, TOGETHER WITH THEIR MODE OF CONNECTION TO VARIOUS
ARTICLES."
The subject of the present Invention is an apparatus for the combined purpose of
manufacturing fringes or trimmings to various articles, and in connecting them
thereto by aid of the sewing machine, to which the apparatus serves as a feeder of
the material from which the fringe is to be made.
Hitherto fringes and so forth have been attached to fichus and ladies neck ties
by hand, each bunch or length being knotted; this was a tedious and expensive
mode of procedure, and had the draw back of soiling the material as it necessitated
so much handling, which by the present Invention is obviated, and at the same
time materially saves time and expenditure.
The apparatus is made of steel, ivory, wood, or other suitable substance, and
consists, as will be seen by the accompanying Drawings, Figs. 1, 2, 3, of a three
sided parallelogram a, b, c, one end d being open, this is to allow of the withdrawal
of the apparatus when the quantity of material wound round it has been used, so
that it may be supplied afresh.
The fringe substance being either in skein or ball is unwound therefrom and
wound round and round the apparatus or feeder, so as to form an even and close
line of material; the apparatus is then held towards the sewing machine, which
being set in motion, stitches or sews the fringe as directed by the seamstress onto
the neck tie, fichu, or other article, as the case may be, the needle working along
the internal edge of the fine bar b; this bar is made as fine as possible consistent
with the requisite rigidity to keep the width of the fringe uniform.
The dimensions of the apparatus would vary in accordance with the requirements
of the case or width of fringe required.

page_text: When deeper fringe is required necessitating an apparatus of greater dimensions,
a movable stretcher e is employed for keeping the open end rigid.
The appliance may also be made semi solid, or having a fissure f cut lengthways
in the plate, as shown 4, 5, 6.
It is obvious that the smaller the feeder the smaller will be the fringe, as 5
example, the apparatus may be so reduced in size as to produce a mere heading
which can be advantageously employed in many forms as trimming or edging.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR STOPPERING BOTTLES AND FOR PREVENTING THE SAME BEING UNDULY TAMPERED WITH
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmond Roach at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th November 1880.
EDMOND ROACH, of Templeogue, in the County of Dublin, Ireland, Gentleman.
"AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR STOPPERING BOTTLES AND FOR PREVENTING
THE SAME BEING UNDULY TAMPERED WITH."
My said Invention relates to improved means of stoppering bottles and is
especially designed for the purpose of allowing the contents to be drawn off at
pleasure and securing the stoppering in an effectual manner, so that the same
cannot be removed or unduly tampered with by servants or other unauthorized
persons.
For this purpose I form a cap-piece provided with a flange on its under surface,
which flange enters the mouth of the bottle, and over the outer circumference of
which is passed the end of a piece of india-rubber tube, which is secured thereto by
a band of wire. Through this piece of rubber tube and also through the cap-piece
is passed a screw stem of brass or other suitable material slightly swelled at the
base or lower end for the purpose of holding a conical nut which is screwed on
from the top of the stem. This screw stem is also provided with a longitudinal
slot in its upper portion for the purpose presently described, and from the top of
same is screwed downwards a small lock of peculiar construction, so that when the
apparatus is inserted in the mouth of a bottle it will be obvious that upon screwing
down the lock on the upper portion of the stem, the said stem with the conical
nut on its base or lower end will be drawn upwards through the aforesaid rubber
tube, causing the same to swell and press against the inner walls of the mouth of.
the bottle.
When the bottle is thus effectually stopped the bolt of the lock above referred to
is caused to enter the slot in the screw stem, whereby the stopper is held secure in
its position in the mouth of the bottle and cannot be removed therefrom until the
said bolt is again withdrawn from the slot and the lock unscrewed, when the stem
and conical nut can be pressed downwards from their position in the rubber tube,
and the stopper is free to be removed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE ESCAPES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Friedrich Hermann Felix Engel at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th January 1880.
A communication from Paul Gustav Hoppe and Joseph Blank, both of
Hamburg, in the German Empire.
A communi-
FRIEDRICH HERMANN FELIX ENGEL, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, in the
City of Hamburg, Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE ESCAPES."
cation from Paul Gustav Hoppe and Joseph Blank, both of Hamburg, in the
German Empire.
This Invention relates to improved apparatuses for saving lives from buildings
which are on fire, and consists of two parts; firstly, of an originally constructed
drum or basket covered with an elastic lining of double cloth and linen, upon
which persons may safely jump down from the first or second floor of buildings;
and, secondly, of a cloth or linen slope which is brought in connection with the
before mentioned drum for saving lives from floors or parts of buildings at greater
altitudes.
The drum consists of an iron frame of radial ribs furnished with a number of
feet mounted on rollers and connected by a ring piece or band. To the upper part
of each of these feet is hinged an iron arm having at its free end a handle, the said
Just below the handle the
arms and the feet together forming the radial ribs.
different arms are connected to each other by a sheet or plane of double cloth and
linen, which forms a strong and elastic surface of about 15 feet diameter when the
arms are pulled outward by the operators pulling upon the handles, thus spreading
the radial ribs similarly to the ribs of an extended inverted umbrella. The drum
is preferably constructed of eight feet and eight arms, and requires in that case
eight persons for attendance, one person at each handle of the drum. Underneath
the cloth a network of manilla hemp cord is fastened to the frame to serve as a
safety attachment in case the weight falling or jumping on to the cloth should be
too heavy. For transportation the arms of the drum are folded inward, and the
cloth and network are placed into the inner space of the bottom frame of the
apparatus.
The slope, which is to be used for saving lives from greater height than that of
first or second floors of buildings, consists of a linen sail or sheet of sufficient
length to reach from the ground up to the required height of the building. This

page_text: sail is of about 14 feet width at the bottom end and of about 7 feet width at the
top end. The bottom end is attached to hooks upon the arms of the drum, whilst
the upper end, which is furnished with an iron bar of curved shape, is fastened to
the window or part of the building from which lives have to be saved. The
arrangement then forms when attached to the drum an inclined slope, upon which, 5
by means of two ropes which are fastened to the top bar, persons may safely slide
down upon the elastic plane of the drum.
AN IMPROVED CHAFF CUTTER
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Petter Spångberg at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th November 1880.
CARL PETTER SPÅNGBERG, of Öfverums Bruk, Öfverum, in the Kingdom of
Sweden. "AN IMPROVED CHAFF CUTTER.”
The object of this Invention, which relates to chaff cutters, is to reduce the friction
of the machine and the wear on the edge of the cutting blade by the use of an
improved feed motion which holds the straw firmly during the passage of the
knife.
In the accompanying Drawings, Fig. 1 represents a side elevation of the machine;
Fig. 2, a transverse section in the line v, w, of Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 a plan of the
machine.
The straw is fed by a moveable box a, open at both ends and sliding on the
rollers b, b; the fore end of the box is provided with a flap q, pressed down by a
spring z to keep the straw together. The box a is connected by the rod f to an
arm e on the rock shaft c. On the same shaft c another arm g, is, by means of the
rod h, connected with a pin i, adjustable in a groove in the crank disc k. The
rotation of the disc acting through the rod h, lever g, rock shaft c, lever e and
rod f, imparts a reciprocatory backwards and forwards motion to the box a.
By fixing the crank pin i at different distances from the centre of the disc k, the
length of the stroke of the box can be varied according to the desired length of the
chat. At the return motion of the box the straw is retained by a presser or
catcher m. This presser consists of a jaw m fixed on a frame s, to the lower cross
piece of which the rod t is fastened. u is a slide attached to the frame work to
guide the rod t, which is surrounded by a strong helical spring n, abutting at one
end against a collar x, and at the other end against a bracket y attached to the rod r
but sliding on the rod t. This rod r is connected to the lever a¹, which is pivoted
on the pin b', and actuated by the connecting rod c¹ from the crank on the driving
shaft 1. By aid of these appliances the presser m receives an upward and
downward motion.
The straw is held fast by the presser while it is cut by a knife p, fastened to the
fly-wheel o, after which the presser m is raised about 5 inches, and the box a feeds
the straw forward the desired length. By aid of the spiral spring, which allows a
variation of 2 to 3 inches in the depth of the straw under operation, the machine
works easily even if the feeding should be somewhat irregular.