AN IMPROVED EXHAUST AND BLAST POR MILLSTONES
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Davies, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, and Stephen Dawson, of Manchester, also in the County.
of Lancaster, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED EXHAUST AND BLAST
POR MILLSTONES."
Sealed the 20th December 1872, and dated the 2nd July 1872..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Davies and
Stephen Dawson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 2nd July 1872.
We, EDWARD DAVIES, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, and
STEPHEN DAWSON, of Manchester, also in the County of Lancaster, do
"AN IMPROVED
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
EXHAUST AND BLAST FOR MILLSTONES," to be as follows:-
This Invention for an improved exhaust and blast for millstones
relates to fitting the "runner," upper, or power stone with apparatus for
exhausting the hot air caused by the friction during the process of
grinding or pulverising wheat or other grain.

page_text: This Invention further relates to apparatus for supplying a cold blast
or introducing cold air into the eye of the stone during the same
process.
The exhaust and blast for millstones as now used consists in ex-
hausting the hot and supplying the cold air through pipes by means of
fans or their equivalent.
Now this Invention consists in making the "runner," upper, or power
stone itself the exhausting and supplying agent.
First. Exhausting the hot air. This is attained by fitting the upper
surface of the runner or power stone with vanes or blades, which vanes
or blades are set at a pitch or angle on the stone and revolve with the
stone in a casing fitted over the stone, the vanes or blades causing an
up draught in the casing as they revolve. The casing is fitted with a
spout or pipe for the purpose of conveying the exhaust of hot air and
.dust (which is caused by the revolving vanes or blades) away into a
receptacle or box for receiving and dispersing the hot air and collecting
the dust by means of an arrangement of platforms or shelves or their
equivalent fitted in the box and having openings or communications
with each other through which the air passes, the dust being deposited
on the platforms or shelves, and collected and removed at convenient
intervals. The hot air escapes through a regulating valve at the top of
the receptacle or box, and can be conveyed from thence by means of a
pipe in any desired direction for the better working of the draught. A
circular disc is placed round the eye of the stone, to which is attached
a leather, zinc, or other suitable metal mouth piece which opens through
the casing and is inserted into the eye of the stone and round which
the runner or upper stone revolves.
The second part of this Invention consists in introducing á blast of
cold air into the eye of the stone by an arrangement of the vanes or
blades, the cold air being sucked through louvre openings in the casing,
and passing into the eye of the stone, also passing down the spout with
the ground meal if desired. The exhaust and blast as before described
may be used together if desired by separating or dividing the casing by
a guard or inner casing, the outer part being used for the exhaust and
the inner part for the blast, or the exhaust and blast, as described, may
be used separately.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edward Davies and Stephen Dawson in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 24th December 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THÈSE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, EDWARD
DAVIES, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, and STEPHEN
DAWSON, of Manchester, also in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Second day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said Edward Davies and Stephen Dawson, Her
special licence that we, the said- Edward Davies and Stephen Dawson,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the
said Edward Davies and Stephen Dawson, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend;
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED EXHAUST AND
BLAST FOR MILLSTONES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the
said Edward Davies and Stephen Dawson, our executors or adminis
trators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their
hands and seals; should particularly describe and ascertain the naturė
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Edward Davies and Stephen
Dawson, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:—
This Invention of an improved exhaust and blast for millstones relates
to fitting the "runner," upper, or power stone with apparatus for
exhausting the hot air caused by the friction during the process of
grinding or pulverizing wheat or other grain.
This Invention further relates to apparatus for supplying a cold blast
or introducing cold air into the eye of the stone during the same process.
-

page_text: :
The exhaust and blast for millstones as now used consists in ex-
hausting the hot and supplying the cold air through pipes by means of
fans or their equivalent.
Now this Invention consists in making the "runner," upper, or power
stone itself the exhausting and supplying agent.
First. Exhausting the hot air. This is attained by fitting the upper
surface of the runner or power stone with vanes or blades, which vanes
or blades are set at a pitch or angle on the stone and revolve with the
stone in a casing fitted over the stone, the vanes or blades causing an
up draught in the casing as they revolve. The casing is fitted with a
spout or pipe for the purpose of conveying the exhaust of hot air and
dust, (which is caused by the revolving vanes or blades) away into a
receptacle or box for receiving and dispersing the hot air and collecting
the dust by means of an arrangement of platforms or shelves or their
equivalent fitted in the box and having openings or communications
with each other, through which the air passes, the dust being deposited
on the platforms or shelves, and collected and removed at convenient
intervals. The hot air escapes through a regulating valve at the top of
the receptacle or box, and can be conveyed from thence by means of a
pipe in any desired direction for the better working of the draught. A
circular disc is placed round the eye of the stone, to which is attached
a leather, zinc, or other suitable metal mouth piece which opens through
the casing, and is inserted into the eye of the stone and round which the
runner or upper stone revolves.
The second part of this Invention consists in introducing a blast of cold
air into the eye of the stone by an arrangement of the vanes or blades,
the cold air being sucked through louvre openings in the casing and
and passing into the eye of the stone, also passing down the spout with
the ground meal if desired. The exhaust and blast as before described
may be used together if desired by separating or dividing the casing by
a guard or inner casing, the outer part being used for the exhaust and
the inner part for the blast, or the exhaust and blast, as described, may
be used separately.
The beforegoing being the nature and object of our Invention, we
will now proceed to describe more in detail how the same may be carried
out into practical effect, and for that purpose we have hereunto attached
a.Sheet of Drawings illustrative thereof, as will enable any engineer or

page_text: millwright to put the same into practise. The Drawings are to the
scale of one and half inch to the foot. Like letters and figures marked
on the Drawings are used to denote similar parts throughout the various
views.
Figure 1 is a sectional side elevation of a pair of millstones fitted with
our improved exhaust. The arrows show the direction of the current
of air and the way the runner revolves; Figure 2, plan of runner
showing vanes and casing; Figure 3 is a plan of casing; Figure 4 is
an elevation of leather or zinc funnel; Figure 5 represents studs for
fastening vanes to runner;. Figure 6, a part section of top of: casing and
spout showing bonnet and louvre opening"; Figure 7 is a part section
of stone fitted with our improved blast; Figure 8 is a plan of same;
Figure 9, a plan of casing of same; Figure 10 is a section of louvre
openings fitted on case.
1
A represents the bottom or under millstone; B, the runner, upper,
power stone; C, vanes attached to same; D, casing round millstones;
E, funnel made of leather or zinė fitting into F, eye of stone; G, rhine
or centre iron for carrying runner; H, spindle carrying and actuating
runner; I, spout leading from case D to J, a dust box; K, K, K, shelves
fitted in dust box; L, openings in same; M, guaze-screen fitted on top
of dust box; N, valve on dust box; O, floor on which millstones rest;
P, curb; R, delivery spout.; S, upper floor on which dust box rests; T,
bonnet fitted over louvre opening U, V, regulating valve on spout; .W
vanes fitted on to runner or power stone (Figure 7) for causing a blast;
X, silent feed, entering eye of stone, as is well understood; Y, casing
round blast vanés;.Z, louvre openings in case to give indraught for
blast. The arrows throughout the various views marked a represent
the course of the current of wind. The arrows marked 6 represent
the direction in which the stones revolve.
-
In the case of the exhaust upon reference to Figure 1 it will be seen
that the runner B revolving in the direction of the arrow 6 draws a
current of air through the funnel fitted into the eye of the stone by
means of the vacuum and up draught caused by means of the fan
or blower-like propensities of the vanes. O, which are attached to and
5 revolve with the runner.B. The cold draught is drawn with the grain
through the funnel E and eye. of the stone, and exhausted up the spout I
in the direction of the arrows into the dust box.J. The dust box J may
be fitted with shelves K, as shown, and the screener. M, so that the air

page_text: may escape through the screener and the accompanying dust or flour
be deposited upon the shelves or the bottom of the box, the regulation
of the 'out draught being caused by the adjustment of the valve N; V
´is a valve which may be used to give an additional supply of cold air
into the spout I; T shows a bonnet and louvre opening U, which is
fitted in front of the spout I and regulated by a valve or damper T".
Figure 5 represents studs by which the vanes may be attached to the
runner, so as to allow of simplicity of parts when the stone has to be
raised for dressing.
-
In the case of the blast the vanes W are fitted towards the centre of
the stone B, and so arranged that they turn down into the eye of the
stone, as shown at W, the feed represented being that well known as
the silent feed. The casing Y is fitted to the casing D so as to clear
the vanes W as they revolve and to clear the stone B. The blast is
drawn in through the louvre openings Z and forced by the direction of
the vanes W into the eye of the stone and thence up the spout I, as
before described in the case of the exhaust.
In some cases where it is desired to use the exhaust and blast simul-
taneously, the exhaust vanes C may be fitted on the runner outside the
casing Y, and act in conjunction with the blast vanes W, also in many
instances it will be found sufficient to merely use the guaze screen M in
the dust box J, dispensing with the shelves K. The shape of the exhaust
vanes and the blast vanes W, as shown in the Drawings, will be found
to give a good result, but the same may be considerably altered in shape
to suit contengencies.
Having now fully described and ascertained the nature, object, and
purposes of this our Invention, and how the same may be carried into
practical effect, we wish it to be understood that we do not confine
ourselves to the precise details, dimensions, and relative proportions of
the various parts as shown, as the same may be considerably altered
without departing from our Invention; but what we claim as new and
secured to us by Letters Patent as aforesaid is,―
Firstly. The application and use of the vanes C fitted to and revolving
with the runner or power stone of a mill for the purpose of exhausting
hot air and supplying cold air to the stones, the hot air being exhausted
the spout I and discharged through the box J and valve N, the dust
or flour being deposited on the shelves K-or in the box J, substantially
as set forth and illustrated.
up

page_text: Secondly. The general arrangement of the several parts consisting of
the vanes C, funnel E, spout I, bonnet and louvre opening T and U,
box J and its attendant parts, fitted to the runner and casing of mill-
stones, substantially as shown and for the purposes set forth.
Thirdly. The application and use of the vanes W fitted to and
revolving with the runner or power stone of a mill for the purpose of
supplying a blast of cold air to the eye of the stone, substantially in
the manner set forth.
Fourthly. The general arrangement of the several parts consisting of
the vanes W and the casing Y fitted to the runner and casing of a mill-
stone, substantially as shown and for the purposes set forth.
Fifthly. The combined application and use of the vanes. O and
vanes W, with attendant parts for the purpose of producing a combined
exhaust and blast for millstones, substantially as set forth and described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Edward Davies and Stephen
Dawson, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-
third day of December, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-two.
Witness,
EDWARD (L.S.) DAVIES.
STEPHEN (L.s.) DAWSON.
FREDERICK JOHN CHEESBROUGH,
of 15, Water Street,
Liverpool.