Improvements in Hat Brim Curling Machines.
Year: 1898

page_text: Improvements in Hat Brim Curling Machines.
We, HENRY HERBERT TURNER and ALBERT TURNER, both of Turner Street,
Ashton Road, Denton, near Manchester, Hatters' Machinists, do hereby declare
the nature of our said invention to be as follows: --
Our invention consists of a new or improved construction of machine for effect-
ing the curling of the brims of felt hats, characterised by a frame or housing, a
shaft journalled vertically therein, a flanged wheel rigidly mounted upon said
shaft, a gear wheel rigidly connected with said flanged wheel a vertically and
laterally movable (slotted) shaft mounted in the housing, a wheel having a con-
vex periphery mounted upon the lower end of said shaft, a gear wheel secured to
said wheel with convex periphery meshing with the gear of the flanged wheel
and means for rotating said flanged wheel and for operating said shaft vertically
and laterally.
Such machine also comprises a guide with concaved passage for directing the
felt corresponding to the concavity of the periphery of the flanged wheel afore-
said, also a curler to receive the brim as it passes through the guide, and means
for adjusting curler and guide relatively to each other, and the said wheels. The
curler is also of two parts adjustable to each other.
The machine also comprises arrangements for varying the tension and juxta-
position of the parts, also a "jet" or pipe for heating the convex wheel and a cord
for moving the rod connected to the shaft on which said wheel is mounted.
A modified construction consists of a bed plate a concavously flanged wheel, a
convex wheel or button, a guard or with its flange curved in conformity with a
flanged wheel, and arranged beneath the said flanged wheel and means for heat-
"shoe and curl holder to receive the
ing and operating the flanged wheels, also a
curled brim. It also embodies a lever-like shaft, a rod and flexible connection,
springs on said rod and shaft, and a rod for adjusting the fulcrum of the lever-
like shaft with means subsidiary for effecting the adjustment of the parts.
1
201
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1 1000

page_text: We, HENRY HERBERT TURNER and ALBERT TURNER, both of Ashton Road,
Denton, Manchester, Hatters' Machinists, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
-
The object of this invention is to facilitate the operation of curling hat brims
to attain more perfect and satisfactory results and to secure other advantages here-
inafter referred to.
The invention consists in the improved machine and in the arrangement and
combination of the parts thereof as hereinafter set forth and finally pointed out
in the claims.
Referring to the accompanying drawings
Fig. 1 represents in side elevation a hat brim curling machine embodying our
improvements. Fig. 2 a top plan view of the same.
Fig. 3 represents in section a certain flanged wheel a gear or toothed plate, and
shaft and exhibiting a modified form of the said wheel. Fig. 4 represents in
perspective a certain curler shewn in the plan in Fig. 2 and 7. Fig. 5 represents
in perspective a certain guide also shewn in plan in said Figs. 2 and 7.
Fig. 6 is an enlarged detail elevation shewing the relation of the parts, which
act immediately upon the hat brim to curl the same, more clearly. Fig. 7 is a
sectional plan taken at line X, see Fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is a side elevation of a portion of a modified construction of our improved
machine, certain bed plates or tables being indicated in section. Fig. 9 is a plan of
the same. Fig. 10 is a sectional detail of one of the feeding and curling wheels, a
certain shoe or guard being shown dotted. Fig. 11 is a perspective view of a
curling shoe adapted to be brought into close relation to the feeding wheels and
co-operate therewith in curling the brim by extending the curling surface.
Fig. 12 is a plan of the guard referred to in connection with the description of
Fig. 10. Figs. 13 and 14 are enlarged views in elevation and plan, showing more
clearly the relation of the curling wheels' guard, shoe and brim holder to one
another, and Figs. 15, 16 and 17 are respectively a perspective view, plan and
section one line of Fig. 16 of an improved brim holder which we prefer to employ
in connection with certain lines of work.
Referring now to Figs. 1 to 7, (A) designates a frame or housing in and upon
which the working parts of the machine are mounted and said housing is sup-
ported and fastened upon a suitable table or support, (B). (C) designates a shaft
journaled in said housing and upon which is rigidly mounted a wheel (D), the
periphery of which is provided with a curved flange (a). Said wheel may be
solid, or provided with a central chamber (b) as indicated in Fig. 3. Upon the
top of the flanged wheel (D) is secured a gear or toothed plate (61).
(E) designates a presser wheel the periphery of which is convex and serrated,
mounted and rotating upon a shaft (c) arranged vertically and pivotally in a
portion of the housing or frame, said shaft being provided with a slot (d) to
admit of a limited vertical movement. There is also secured upon the top of the
wheel (E) a gear (e) which when the machine is in operation meshes with the
gear (6).
Around said vertical shaft (c) is arranged a coiled spring (f) which engages
with a stop pin (¹) on said shaft and with the bearing in which said shaft is
mounted, the normal tendency of said spring being to hold the wheel (E) up so
that its upper and convex peripheral portions bear against the flanged periphery

page_text: of the wheel (D). This stop pin is so arranged that the tension of the spring
may be increased or diminished by turning the latter one way or the other around
said shaft as will be understood upon reference to Fig. 1. To the top of said
shaft is connected a rod (9) which passes from thence loosely through a portion (h)
5 of the frame or housing and the end thereof connecting with a cord (2) which
passes over a pulley (j) and thence to a foot-treadle (not shewn) upon the floor,
by means of which the wheel (E) may be thrown outward and away from the
flanged wheel, or the pressure of the former against the latter be regulated as
will be understood. Coiled around said rod (g) is also a spring (s) one end of
which abuts against suid vertical shaft and the other against the portion of the
housing, or other suitable stop, the purpose of which is to hold the wheel (E) nor-
mally toward and into engagement with the flanged wheel, or rather the hat
brim, while the curl thereof is being formed as will be plainly understood upon
reference to Fig. 1. In order to heat and keep said flanged wheel heated properly
we have arranged a jet (k) which may be connected with any suitable source of fuel
supply whereby a flame may be thrown against the periphery of said wheel as will
be understood by reference to said Fig. 1, or into a central chamber formed there-
in, as will be understood by reference to Fig. 3.
At the lower end of the shaft upon which the flanged wheel is mounted, is
arranged a gear wheel (i) which is secured upon said shaft by means of a screw
passing through the hub thereof or in any suitable manner. Said gear meshes
with a driving pinion (o) mounted upon a shaft (p) which is driven by means of
a pulley (m), secured upon said shaft, by means of a cord or belt ("), which con-
nects with a power wheel, not shown, as will be understood upon reference to
Fig. 1.
In order to facilitate and perfect the curling of the hat brim we have provided,-
in connection with the concavously flanged wheel (D), convex smaller wheel (E),
means for rotating the same and holding them in curling relation to the brim
with a yielding pressure-a guide (P) which is adjustably secured upon a small
tablet (0) of the frame (A), which tablet lies in a plane near to, and closely
parallel with, the plane of the hat support, so that the hat brim resting on said
support and after passing between the wheels (D), (E) will enter the curved
passage (p), Fig. 5, of said guide.
The inner turned end of said adjustable guide lies closely adjacent to the con-
vex periphery of said wheel (E) and enters beneath the flange (a) the parts being
disposed so that the extremity of the returned end (p) will lie on a level with the
flange (a), the concavity (¹) will correspond with the concavity underneath said
flange, and the edge (p) will lie close to the body of the wheel (D) at the peri-
phery so that there will be a continuous bearing extending from the periphery of
the wheel (D) over the guide (P) against which the felt may be pressed as it
travels forward. The form & position of guide (P) relative to the runner (E)
& wheel (D) is more clearly shew in Figure 7. In cross section it partakes of
a channel form adapted to receive & guide the brim. It may be noted that the
wheel (E) presses upward against both the flange (a) and the returned portion (7)
so that there is a large compression surface horizontally between the parts
(E), (D) and (F) as well as vertical. The guide (P) may be adjusted by means
of the slot (r) and fastener (t) therein as occasion may require.
The hat brim when acted upon by the parts thus described is given a curl which
is sufficient and satisfactory in certain grades of work, but in other and finer
varieties and to obtain a more perfect and uniform curl and to increase the curva-
ture without producing kinks, presses or the like, we ordinarily and preferably
employ an additional part (q) which we have termed a 'curler."
"
This also is secured upon the tablet (0) and consists of a bed plate (91) having a
longitudinally curved and forwardly bent flange (11) by which a concavity (q)
corresponding with the concavity (p) is formed. At its upper edge said curved and
bent fange (q) is provided with a vertical supplemental flange or flanges (q)
which forms a seat or seats upon which a longitudinally curved and down-

page_text: wardly, inwardly and then upwardly bent plate or piece (*) is secured by fasten-
ing screws (n). The chamber formed by the parts (q) and (*) is, when viewed
endwise, of helical shape as shewn in Figs. 4 and C and contracts as it extends
away from the wheels (D) and (E) as will be understood upon reference to Fig. 6.
The curled brim on entering the part (7) is of a simple C-shape due to the
operation of the wheel (D) and (E) and guide (P), but immediately in passing
through said curler the upper edge of said brim is given a downward turn and
then an upward turn, the felt being curled over itself and the curl being gradu-
ally made tighter or smaller while yet hot so that all creases or kinks are removed.
When the felt passes out of the curler, the resiliency of the felt occasions an
opening of the curl to some extent, but the effect of giving a helical roll to the
felt, as indicated, is beneficial in that it produces a peculiar smoothness and finish
of particular value.
The tapering chamber in the curler may be made larger or smaller by manipu-
lating the fastening screws (7) and employing washers between the parts (q¹¹) (*).
It will be observed that the curler is curved longitudinally to conform to the
curvature of the brim. The serrations of the convex periphery of the wheel (E)
is to increase its grip upon the felt and enable it to force the same forward into
the curler without slipping so that the work of curling may be more perfectly
automatic.
In operation, the hat brim is inserted between the wheels (E) and (D) and
adjusted within the guide (p) and curler (7). Upon setting the machinery in
operation, the brim is fed automatically forward by the action of the wheels upon
the felt.
From the wheels the felt passes immediately upon the C-shaped surface of the
guide (P). Here the shaping operation is continued. The small convex wheel (E)
presses the felt against both the flange of the wheel (D), and the upper and
lower sides of the C-shaped portion of the guide, so that the felt is given a com-
paratively smooth and even C-shaped bend.
While the greater pressure when working is brought to bear upon the upper
inwardly extending portion of the curled felt the lower curved portion of the
guide, lying opposite the flange (a) co-operating with the convex wheel, produces
enough pressure to secure the desired result effectively.
Passing from the guide (P) the felt, having the C-shaped curve passes into the
curler () where the felt is increased in curvature and given downward and in-
ward bends at its edges. As it travels through the curler, the curl is gradually
tightened or made smaller in diameter, and thus, after the felt issues therefrom
and tends to assume its original shape, because of the resiliency of the felt, it will
yet retain an increased curl, and a curl that is more perfect and free from defects,
Eo that the machine can be used effectively and with satisfaction upon a higher
class of work.
Referring to Figs. 8 and 9, (1) indicates a suitable bench table or support
having two plates (2), (3) the first serving as a support for the head of the
machine, and the second lying elevated above the first and serving as a work table
on which the hat is manipulated by the operator in the operation of curling, and
and a curled brim holder which will
as bed plate for a guide, curling shoe'
be hereinafter described.
+
(4) indicates the frame of the machine head which is similar in general out-
line and construction to that of the machine shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and provides
bearings for the cuiling wheels and other working parts.
The said frame (4) is provided at its forward end with integral arms or
plates (5), (6) the latter lying substantially flush with the upper table plate (3). Said
arms provide bearings for shafts (7) and (8) on the first of which, between said
plates (5), (6) is arranged one of the curling wheels (9) and its cog wheel (10),
the cog wheel being fastened to said wheel (9) by screws or other means, as indi-
cated in Fig. 10 whereby the two wheels will rotate simultaneously and together.
The periphery of the wheel (9) is flanged in a manner corresponding somewhat

page_text: closely with the flanged wheel (D) seen in Fig. 6 the wheel, however, being
made considerably thinner, the lower part of the concave flange being cut away
or removed so that it will not bear upon the lower part of the curl of the brim
and thus produce a glazed surface at the extreme convex edge of the curled brim.
The wheel (9) is heated by means of a flame from air and gas, through pipes (11)
or by electricity or other heating means.
The lower side of the flange of the wheel (9) is made concave as at (12) and this
heated concave periphery is so adjusted in connection with the co-operating parts
as that when the brim is fed thereto, the said wheel (9) will bear down upon the
upper part of the curl of the brim, and will not bear to any material extent upon the
convex outer edge thereof as before indicated. To engage the lower part of the
convex edge of the curled brim we have arranged below the wheel (9) a guard (13):
which supplements said wheel (9) in guiding the hat forward in the curling opera-
tion. Beneath said wheel (9) the guard is provided with a curved guarding and
guiding projection (14) which coincides more or less closely with the curve at the
inner edge of the concavity of the wheel (9) as will be understood upon reference to
Figs. 10 and 13 where the said guard is indicated in proper relative position in
outline.
The said guiding flange (14) holds the hat brim from passing beneath the wheel (9)
and is out of contact with the heat of the flame, and is thus kept cool and
presents a cool bearing surface to the curled brim at the convexity thereof and
thus the rounded edge of the hat brim is kept cool while the returned upper
portion is heated to a high degree and is thus set in its returned position.
The plate (5) provides bearings for a lever-like shaft (15) on which is loosely
arranged a second curling wheel or button (16). Said button is fixed by
any suitable means to a small cog wheel or pinion (17) of about the same diameter.
These parts, however, may be, and sometimes preferably are, of one integral
piece. The small cog wheel (17) meshes with the cog wheel (10) receiving motion
therefrom and thus the concave and convex curling wheels rotate at substantially
the same rate of speed at their peripheries.
65
"
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The convex wheel or button (10) is roughened at its periphery and on its upper
face engages the felt with considerable frictional force and thus feeds the said
brim forward to the wheel (9) and through the shoe and curl holding devices
hereinafter described.
The ironing shoe (18) is adjustably arranged closely adjacent to the
wheels (9) (10) so that the concavity of the flange (9) is supplemented by
the concavity formed in the upwardly curled tongue (19) of said shoe,
the felt passing from the concavity of the said wheel (9) immediately on to the
concave forward surface of the shoe tongue (19) and being held in ironing con-
tact with the tongue by the convex button (10) substantially in the same manner
as in the machines shewn in Fig. 6. This shoe like the guide (P) receives the
brim as it leaves the wheel (D) & against which the runner (16) presses in curling
the brim. Its shape is also similar in that it forms a hook or turned over part.
After leaving the shoe tongue, the curled brim passes through a curl holder (20)
like or very similar to the one heretofore described. In Figs. 13 and 14 we shew
holders such as were heretofore described but for the purpose of this improved
machine we show in Figs. 15, 16 and 17 a construction by which the brim is not
closely rolled on itself in producing the curl, but is rather made to lie more flat
in its finish. The improvements by which this effect in the brim is accomplished
we desire to claim herein and they will be explained hereinafter more fully.
The curling wheels (9), (16) are driven by a train of gearing (21), (22), (23) the
cog wheel (21) being arranged on the shaft (7) with the cog wheel (10) and con-
cavously flanged wheel (9) the pinion (22) being arranged on the second shaft (8)
and the pulley (23) being on the said shaft (8) and being preferably grooved and
operated by a round belt (23) which receives its power from any suitable source.
The lever like shaft (15) is fulcrumed at (24) to the arm (7) and at its upper

page_text: extremity it is connected to a rod (25) Figs. 8 and 9 adapted to slide longitudin-
ally in a fixed arm or bearing (26) integrally cast on the frame (4).
On said sliding rod (25) is arranged a spring (27) which at one end bears against
the arm (26) and at the other upon an adjustable nut (28) arranged on the rod (25).
The said spring (27) tends to press the curling wheel (10) backward into proper
curling relation to the concave wheel and shoe. To draw the said convex wheel or
button from pressing contact with the concave wheel and shoe we have employed
as heretofore a flexible connection (28) and a rod (29) which latter is adapted to
extend to a suitable pedal whereby said rod may be drawn downward, and the con-
nection (28) lying on the idle pulley (29*) may draw upon the rod (29) against
the power of the spring (27) and turn the lever-like shaft (15) on its fulcrum (24)
as will be clearly understood upon examination of Fig. 8.
A spring (30) on the shaft (15) tends to draw the button upward toward the
under side of the heated flange (12) and press the returned part of the curl against
said flange, the said shaft (15), or the fulcrumed bearing thereof, having a large
perforation or opening somewhat larger than the pin (24) as indicated at (31) in
Fig. 8 and 13 to permit of the upward movement and also a forward and rearward
elastic movement, the latter movement being controlled by a spring (32) on a
shaft (3). The said shaft (33) is disposed horizontally above the arm (5). At its
forward end, it is forked and perforated to receive the opposite ends of the pin (24).
The said rod (33) extends rearwardly through the spring (32) and a perforation
in the arm (26) and at its rear extremity is threaded to receive an adjusting
nut 34.
The spring (32) has a suitable end bearing on a shoulder formed on said rod (33)
and on its opposite end bears against the said arm (26). By screwing or unscrew-
ing the nut (34) the tension of the spring (32) will be increased or diminished and
the normal pressure of the button on the concave wheel and shoe will be corres-
pondingly increased or diminished in a direction at right angles to the axis of
said wheel (9) as will be understood.
The upward movement of the wheel or button (16) is limited by an adjustment
screw (35) which is arranged in a longitudinal slot of the rod (33), the threaded
lower end of the said screw being arranged in a female thread formed in the
arm (5) so that by turning said screw the freedom of movement of the rod (33) is
increased or diminished in scope and the shaft (15) connected thereto is corres-
pondingly limited as will be understood.
In reference to Figs. 13 and 14 we describe in addition to the shoe (18) a curl
holding device (20) adapted to receive the curled brim and to gradually tighten
or increase the curl or twist therein by means of a peculiar spiral construction.
We desire to obtain in some cases a more flat curl, rather than a round curl,
and to this end we have provided the curl holder shown in Figs. 15, 16 and 17.
In the latter construction we form the curl holder preferably in three pieces or
sections of which (36) indicates the bed plate adapted to be fastened upon the
arm (6) of the machine head or upon the table plate (3). Upon said plate (36) is
fastened or secured an upwardly projecting bent or curved section (37) the curve
of which may be varied to suit the desired curl in the brim. At the base of said
section (37) are formed lips (38) to receive screws (39) by means of which said
section (37) is fastened down upon the plate (36). At its upper part, said section
bends rearwards and at its under side, near its projecting edge, it is provided with
a downwardly turned ridge (40) and line (41) perforated to receive
a third
section (42). Said third section depends from the under side of the section (37) and
is provided with a forwardly extending rounded flange-like former (43) which
extends into the concavity formed by the bent and curved section (37). The
rounded flange-like former (43) forms with the interior walls of the section (37) a
chamber of about the thickness of the felt, the said chamber conforming to the
desired shape of the brim in cross-section. Thus the curled brim is held in the
desired shape for some little time after leaving the ironing tools giving said felt

page_text: un opportunity to cool and become fixed in the desired shape before passing out
from the ironing devices.
In this last described machine a more perfect finish in the curled brim is
obtained especially in certain of the finer grades of hats, the production of a glazed
5 surface on the curled felt is avoided and the machine is adaptable to various
grades of work.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is;-
1: In a hat curling machine, the combination with the frame or housing of a
shaft journaled vertically therein, a flanged wheel rigidly mounted upon said
shaft, a gear wheel rigidly connected with said flanged wheel, a vertically and
laterally movable shaft mounted in the housing, a wheel (E) having a convex
periphery mounted upon the-lower end of said shaft, a gear wheel secured to said
wheel () meshing with the gear of said flanged wheel, means for rotating said
flanged wheel, and means for operating said shaft vertically and laterally as
described and for the purposes set forth.
2: In a hat brim curling machine, the combination with the frame or hous-
ing thereof, of a shaft journaled vertically therein, a flanged wheel rigidly mounted
upon said shaft, a gear wheel rigidly connected with said flanged wheel, a slotted
shaft vertically mounted in the housing, a pin in the housing through the slot
whereby the shaft is capable of a vertical and lateral movement, a wheel (E)
having a convex and serrated periphery mounted upon the lower end of said
shaft, a gear wheel secured to said wheel (E) meshing with the gear of said flanged
wheel and means for operating said shaft vertically and laterally as described and
for the purpose set forth.
3: In a hat brim curling machine, the combination with the flanged wheel
and the wheel having a convex periphery of an adjustable guide (P) arranged
beneath the flange of said flanged wheel, and having a concaved way or pas-
sage (P) corresponding with the concavity of the periphery of the said flanged
wheel, the wheel having the said convex periphery being arranged to press the
felt against both said guide and flanged wheel, and means for operating said
wheel, substantially as set forth.
4: In a hat brim curling machine, the combination with the flanged wheel
and the wheel having a convex periphery and means for operating said wheel,
of a guide to operate in conjunction with said wheel to receive the curled hat
brim and to fix the curve thereof, a curler supplemental to said flanged and
curved wheels to receive the hat brim as it passes through said guide and to
increase and perfect said curve therein and means for adjusting said guide and
curler relative to each other and to the wheel as described, and for the purposes
set forth.
5: In a hat brim curling machine, the combination with the flanged wheel
and the wheel having a convex periphery and means for operating said wheel, of
a two-part curler having a curved passage way through which the felt is forced
by the wheel, and screws for holding said parts together, whereby the parts may
be separated to a greater or less extent for adjusting the size of the passage way
as described and for the purposes set forth.
6: In a hat brim curling machine, the combination with the frame provided
with a housing, of a vertically and laterally movable shaft mounted in the housing,
the lower end of which is provided with a wheel having a convex periphery and
the intermediate portion of which is provided with a pin, a coil spring upon the
shaft, one end of which engages with the housing, and a portion of the remainder
of the spring engages with the pin, whereby the rotation of the spring around
the shaft changes the tension of the spring, and mechanism for operating with
said wheel to curl the brim and means for operating said parts as described and
for the purposes set forth.

page_text: 7:—In a hat brim curling machine, the combination with a frame, provided
with a housing and a perforated portion of a grooved wheel mounted in the frame,
a shaft pivotally secured in the housing, the lower end of which is provided with
a convex wheel, means for operating said wheels, a rod extending from the upper
end of the shaft through the perforated portion of the frame, a spring between
the end of the shaft and the perforated portion, and a cord for moving the rod, as
described and for the purpose set forth.
8: In a hat curling machine, the combination with the flanged and convex
wheel and means for operating and heating the same, of a curler (1) adapted to
receive the partly curled felt after it leaves the said wheel, said curler comprising
an upwardly curved part (q) and a downwardly bent plate extending from the
upper part of said part (g) whereby the bent brim is given a downward bend at
its edge, substantially as set forth.
9: In a hat curling machine, the combination with the flanged and convex
wheel, and means for operating and heating the same, of a curler (7) arranged
adjacent to said wheel and adapted to receive the partly curled hat brim after
leaving said wheels, said curler comprising an upwardly bent part (q) and a
downwardly and inwardly bent part (4) whereby the partly curled brim is given
a downward and inward bend approaching a spiral shape at its edge, after leaving
said wheels, substantially as set forth.
10: In a hat curling machine, the combination with the flanged and convex
wheel, and means for operating and heating the same, of a curler (9) arranged
adjacent to said wheel and adapted to receive the partly curled hat brim after
leaving said wheel, said curler comprising an upwardly bent part (9) and a
downwardly, inwardly and upwardly turned part or extension (4*) adapted to
give to the partly curled edge of the brim, a spiral twist or bend after it passes
from between said wheels substantially as set forth.
11: In a hat curling machine, the combination with the flanged and convex
wheel, and means for operating and heating the same, of a spiral and tapering
curler (g) adapted to give a spiral twist or bend to the edge of the hat brim after
it passes from said wheel, substantially as set forth.
12. In a hat curling machine, the combination with the flanged and convex
wheel, and means for operating and heating the same, of a curved and tapering
curler adapted to receive the partly curled brim after it passes from the said
wheel and gradually increase and tighten the curl substantially as set forth.
13 In a hat curling machine, the combination with the curling parts (D)
and (E) consisting of concave and convex members adapted to give a partial curl
to the brim, and means for heating the same, and moving the felt there between,
of curler (g) curved and tapering in plan, and spiral in end view substantially as
and for the purposes set forth.
14: In a hat curling machine, the combination with the concavously flanged
wheel, and means for operating the same, the rotary shaft having a convex wheel,
means for forcing the said convex wheel towards the flanged wheel with a yield-
ing pressure of a guide fixed adjacent to said flanged wheel, the convex wheel
operating between said fixed guide and flange wheel, substantially as set forth.
15: In a hat curling machine, the combination with a concavously flanged
wheel, and means for operating the same, the rotary convex wheel and means for
operating the same, heating means and means for forcing said convex wheel
towards said flanged wheel, of a guide having a C-shaped part extending close to
said flanged wheel, and presenting its concave surface to the convex wheel, which
supplements said flanged wheel in resisting the pressure of said convex wheel in
curling the brim, substantially as set forth.
16: In a hat curling machine, the combination with the concavously
flanged wheel, and means for operating the same, the rotary convex wheel, and
means for operating the same, and heating means of a fixed guide having
C-shaped part extending underneath the flange of said flanged wheel into clos

page_text: relation to said flanged wheel, the convex wheel lying opposite the joint between
said parts to press the felt against both parts, substantially as set forth.
17: In a hat curling machine, the combination with the concavously flanged
wheel, and means for operating the same, the rotary convex wheel, and means for
operating the same, and heating means of a guide having a flaring mouth
extending into close adjacency, to said flanged wheel, and supplementing the iron-
ing and curling surface thereof, the convex wheel lying opposite both said parts
and pressing the felt against the two, substantially as set forth.
18: In a hat curling machine, the combination with the flanged wheel, and
convex wheel, and means for operating the same, and heating means, of a guide
extending beneath the flange of the flanged wheel opposite the convex wheel, and
a curler curved and tapering in plan and spiral in end view, and receiving the
partially.curled brim, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
19: In a hat curling machine, the combination with the concavously flanged
wheel, of a convex wheel beneath said flange a fixed guide adjacent to the peri-
phery of the flanged wheel the convex wheel operating between said fixed guide
and the flanged wheel and operating devices, substantially as set forth.
20: The improved hat curling machine represented in Figs. 8 to 14 com-
prising a bed plate, a concavously flanged wheel, a convex wheel or button, a
guard or guide arranged beneath said flanged wheel, means for heating said
Hanged wheels and means for operating said wheels, said parts being arranged
and operating, substantially as set forth.
21: The improved hat curling machine, comprising a bed plate a concavously
flanged wheel, a convex wheel or button, a guard having a flange curved in con-
formity with the flanged wheel and arranged beneath the same, a shoe (18) and a
curl holder arranged to receive the curled brim from said shoe, substantially as
set forth.
22: The combination with a bed plate, lever like shaft (15) fulcrumed on
said plate, rod (25) flexible connection (28) and operating means, a spring (27)
and a spring (30) arranged on said shaft and rod, respectively, a button or convex
wheel (16) a concavously flanged wheel and means for operating the same, of a
rod (3) adapted to adjust the fulcrum of said lever like shaft, a spring (32) and
an adjusting screw or nut (35) all arranged and adapted to operate, substantially
as set forth.
23: In a hat curling machine, the combination with the concavously flanged
wheel, the convex wheel and heating and operating means of a curved guard
arranged below said flanged wheel, substantially as set forth.
24-In combination with the concave and convex wheels and heating and
operating means for the same, of a fixed guard beneath the concave wheel to
engage the convexity of the curl and a curl holder, receiving the brim after its
passage between said wheels, substantially as set forth.
25 In combination with the concave and convex wheels and heating means
for the same, of a curl holder comprising a plate (36) bent section (37) and
depending section (40) having a rounded form (43) extending into the concavity of
section (37) and forming a chamber, substantially as set forth.
THIS SUCH ua
CCOL
HENRY HERBERT TURNER.
ALBERT TURNER.
By John G. Wilson & Co.,
Agents.
HENRY HERBERT TURNER.
ALBERT TURNER.
By John G. Wilson & Co.,
Agents.