Waste Preparatory to Bleaching.
Year: 1885

page_text: Waste Preparatory to Bleaching.
I, THOMAS JAMES HUTCHINSON of Leemans Hill Bury in the County of Lancaster,
Analytical and Consulting Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of my invention
for AN IMPROVED PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR TREATMENT OF GREASY WASTE
PREPARATORY TO BLEACHING to be as follows:-
A Kier or Pan is provided of suitable dimensions to contain a quantity of waste.
This Pan or Kier is provided with an inside or false lining inside of which is a
Coil of Steam Pipe for heating purposes The false or inside lining has also
a perforated bottom leaving a space between it and the outside bottom. From
this space a Siphon Pipe is taken up the cavity between the Pan or Kier and the
lining which Siphon Pipe is returned into a retort. This retort is heated by a
steam coil and has a draw off cock at bottom It communicates at top with
a T pipe leading at one end back to the Kier or pan and at the other to a
Condenser on the coiled system which Coil communicates with a Cistern to receive
the condensed products. This Cistern communicates with the retort by means of
a Pipe and Stop Valve.
The Kier or Pan is also provided with a safety arrangement consisting of a pipe,
valve, and an inverted condenser and likewise with a tap at the bottom for the
purpose of testing the state at which the process has arrived.
Suitable taps are placed upon the pipes for the purpose of opening and closing
the connections as may be required.
The operation of the machine is as follows The Kier is charged with waste, the
lid being fastened down airtight, the tap is opened leading from the retort. The
tap in the pipe leading from the Cistern to the retort is also opened and the Cistern
charged with Benzine or such other solvent as may be required. The Steam Coil in
the retort is then turned on and as the Benzine &c gets heated it distils over into
the Kier or Pan gradually saturating the mass of waste contained therin and
condensing drips into the cavity through the false bottom The condensed liquid
gradually rises up the hollow sides of the Kier until it brings the Siphon Pipe into
action when the liquor is siphoned off and runs into the retort where the heat
disengages the benzine to be distilled over into the Kier as before this process going
on until the waste is sufficiently clean.

page_text: During this process as the waste begins to get heated the safety apparatus is
opened releiving the pressure in the Kier and condensing a portion of the benzine
vapour which runs back into the Kier and mixing with the waste as before.
The waste is now in a state of saturation with benzine, and to remove this, the
connection to the retort is turned off and that to the main Condenser and Cistern
is opened, steam is turned into the Coil in the Kier and the mass of waste thus
becoming heated distils off the benzine whose vapour is condensed in the Condenser
and falls into the Cistern, this is carried on until the waste is entirely free from
benzine. The connection with the Condenser is now cut off, the steam withdrawn
from the Steam Coil and the cover removed to allow the mass to cool and be
removed for a fresh charge-Meanwhile the retort is placed again in connection
with the Condenser and Cistern and heat applied to drive over any remaining
benzine in the retort, when this has ceased to come the connection is closed and
the retort is cleared of the residuary products before beginning a fresh process.
Dated this 15th day of MO 100%
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Process and Apparatus for Treatment of Greasy
Waste Preparatory to Bleaching.
I, THOMAS JAMES HUTCHINSON of Leeman's Hill Bury in the County of Lancaster 2
Analytical and Consulting Chemist do hereby declare the nature of my invention
for AN IMPROVED PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR TREATMENT OF GREASY WASTE
PREPARATORY TO BLEACHING and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Referring to the plans it will be seen to consist of Kiers, Condensers, Retort 2
and Reservoir with their connecting pipes, coils for heating by steam, and for
condensing, together with the necessary valves &c in the pipe arrangements.
Fig. 1. A is a retort charged with Solvent.
B a Kier charged with waste.
"
C a small Condenser for partially condensing vapours from A.
D
E
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Main Condenser for condensing vapours of the Solvent either froui
A or B as required.
an inverted Condenser for condensing any vapours which might
escape from B during the process. This Condenser is coupled with F
by pipe N.
F, Reservoir for storing and receiving the Solvent and this reservoir
communicates with the atmosphere by means of the inverted
Condenser G.

page_text: Fig. 1. G is an inverted Condenser fixed upon F this Condenser is the only open
passage to the atmosphere throughout the whole system and is for
the purpose of releiving pressure and preventing escape of the
vapours of the Solvent used.
H, I, J, L, O, V are the necessary taps or valves.
K, is the small tap for taking out small quantities of the Solvent for
testing purposes.
M, Tap for emptying Retort A.
N, Pipe for connecting Safety Condenser with the Reservoir.
P, Siphon Pipe and Valves between Retort and Kiers.
Q, Main Pipe from Retort to the various Kiers in the system.
R, S, are steam Coils placed as shown in Kier and Retort.
T, Glass Gauge on Retort.
Figure 2, shows an alternative arrangement of Kier the other portions of the
system remaining the same. The inside shell perforated and wire cloth lined as
shown by the diagonal lines is made to revolve by gearing, causing the waste to
be more quickly permeated by the Solvent and effecting thereby considerable
economy of time in the process.
The method of working is as follows The Reservoir is charged with the Solvent
and the tap L opened to the Retort. When the Retort is sufficiently filled as seen
by the glass gauge T, the supply is shut off and heat being applied in the Steam
Coil S, the Solvent distils over into the Kier B, being partially condensed in C
upon its passage. The charge of waste in the Kier becomes gradually filled to
super-saturation, after which the excess of liquor collects in the hollow bottom and
rises up the cavity of the sides until the siphon pipe P is brought into action
draining off the mixture of Solvent and grease back into the retort and leaving the
cavities empty to receive the continued flow of the liquor as fresh quantities of
the Solvent are distilled over.
From time to time a quantity of the Solvent taken from the tap K is tested and
when the Solvent is found to have passed the waste sufficiently pure the tap V is
closed cutting off connection between the Retort-and the Kier and the heat being
continued in the Steam Coil S, the Solvent is separated from the grease and driven
over through the Condenser D into the reservoir F. When this is completed the
grease can be drawn out of the retort through the tap M.
Meanwhile the Valve I, is closed shutting off the retort and steam turned on to
the Coil R, in the Kier, the taps O, and V, are opened and the solvent remaining
in the waste is driven over through the Condensers C, and D, to the reservoir, the
water being shut off the Condenser C, so as to facilitate the process of the vapours
into the Main Condenser D.
When this has been completed as will be seen by the test tap K, the steam is
turned off the Coil R, and the Kier left to cool and another of the series put in
gear by means of the continuation and repetition of pipes and valves as shown
at J, O¹ and O¹¹ &c.
The Inverted Condenser shown at E acts as a Safety Valve to the Kiers, each
being put into communication with it when at work by means of the valves J, J' &c.
any liquor which may be blown through being carried over into the Reservoir by
the pipe N.
The Condensers are supplied with inlet and outlet pipes for a circulation of
water in the usual way.
The internal wall of the Kier is formed of a scroll of wrot iron pipes as shown
held up at intervals in their position by brackets fixed to the sides of the Kier.
The false bottom and door are arranged as shown or in other convenient manner.
The Coil S in the retort is a spiral laid upon the floor of the same.
The inverted Condenser G serves to keep the whole system from generating a
higher pressure than that of the atmosphere.
In convenient places upon the Kiers and Retort I place pressure gauges and
safety valves so as to obviate any risks due to the neglect of unskilled attendants.

page_text: The same arrangement applies exactly to the revolving Kier Fig. 2. The
Revolving Internal Cylinder by keeping the charge in constant agitation has the
effect of bastening the cleaning process and enables the waste to be withdrawn
more, easily after the operation is concluded.
Having now particularily described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
(1.) The form of Kier wherein the Coil forms the inner walls for the purpose of
driving off the solvent from the waste when steam is passed through the pipes
forming the Coil and also leaving an annular space for the reception of the surplus
liquor and reception of the Siphon Pipe arrangement.
(2.) The Revolving Kier arrangement whereby I combine the action of the
Solvent upon the impurities in the waste with the mechanical effect given by the
Revolving Cylinder.
(3.) The arrangement of Condensing Coils so as to prevent any waste of Solvent
when blown over by extra pressure.
(4.) And finally I claim that it is a new method of arranging Kiers, Retorts,
Condensers and Pipes for the economical use of Volatile Solvents in the preparation
of Greasy or Oily Waste for Bleaching Purposes.