IMPROVEMENTS IN PYROMETERS OR APPARATUS FOR MEASURING HEAT
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Lloyd Wise of 46 Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the
County of Middlesex for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN PYROMETERS
OR APPARATUS FOR MEASURING HEAT a communication from Alfred Boulier
and Eugéne Boulier, persons resident at Paris, France
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Lloyd Wise at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th October 1883.
"
WILLIAM LLOYD WISE of 46 Lincolns Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PYROMETERS OR APPARATUS FOR MEASURING HEAT (a com-
munication from Alfred Boulier and Eugéne Boulier, persons resident at Paris,
France,)
This invention has reference to improvements in pyrometers of the kind
described in the specification of a former Patent granted to me the 4th day of
April 1883 N° 1698
These improvements have for object:
1. To indicate by an electric bell any variation in the volume of the expended
heat conveying liquid and to provide for interception of the current of such
liquid by a cock with counterweight placed on the supply pipe and held by the
armature of an electro magnet through the coil of which the electric current may
flow when a contact is established for that purpose.
This contact is formed immediately after a first contact which takes place on the
occurrence of any variation, and which puts the electric bell in action.
The two successive contacts are made by a flexible metallic blade placed at
right angles with a balance beam in equilibrium One end of this beam carries an
adjustable weight; the other carries a vessel which receives, contains, and allows to
pass through it a constant quantity of liquid, balancing the adjustable weight in
equilibrium.
*If the liquid expended should diminish, the vessel will become partially empty,
and so become lighter, the weighted end of the beam will fall and cause the

page_text: flexible metallic blade to form the two electric contacts necessary to put the bell
and the armature into action.
2. To prevent injurious radiation onto the tubes which conduct the liquid to
and from the absorbing capsule (which alone must be subject to the radiating
action of the space of which it is desired to measure the temperature) a flow of a
liquid is established around these tubes in all that part of their containing case
which is adjacent to the capsule. This liquid is, as far as possible, at a mean
temperature between the temperature of supply at the capsule and the outlet
temperature of this capsule. Furthermore the tubes are enveloped by a substance
that is a nonconductor of heat. Finally the surface of the absorbing part
introduced into the hot chamber or furnace may be varied.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Lloyd Wise in the Patent Office on the 4th April 1884.
WILLIAM LLOYD WISE of 46 Lincoln's Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex
IMPROVEMENTS IN PYROMETERS OR APPARATUS FOR MEASURING HEAT (a com-
munication from Alfred Boulier and Eugéne Boulier, persons resident at Paris,.
France.)
This Invention has reference to improvements in pyrometers of the kind
described in the specification of a former Patent granted to me the 4th day of April
1883 N° 1698.
These improvements have for object,-
1. To indicate by an electric bell any variation in the volume of the expended
heat conveying liquid and to provide for interception of the current of such liquid
by a cock with counterweight placed on the supply pipe and held by the armature
of an electro-magnet through the coil of which the electric current may flow when
a contact is established for that purpose.
This contact is formed immediately after a first contact which takes placed on
the occurrence of any variation, and which puts the electric bell in action.
The two successive contacts are made by a flexible metallic blade placed at right
angles with a balanced beam in equilibrium. One end of this beam carries an
adjustable weight; the other carries a vessel which receives, contains and allows
to pass through it a constant quantity of liquid balancing the adjustable weight in
equilibrium.
If the liquid expended should diminish the vessel will become partially empty,
and so become lighter, the weighted end of the beam will fall and cause the
flexible metallic blade to form the two electric contacts necessary to put the bell
and the armature into action.
2. To prevent injurious radiation on to the tubes which conduct the liquid to
and from the absorbing capsule (which alone must be subject to the radiating
action of the space of which it is desired to measure the temperature) a flow of a
liquid is established around these tubes in all that part of their containing case
which is adjacent to the capsule. This liquid is, as far as possible, at a mean
temperature between the temperature of supply at the capsule and the outlet
temperature of this capsule. Furthermore the tubes are enveloped by a substance
that is a non-conductor of heat.
Finally the surface of the absorbing part introduced into the hot chamber or
furnace may be varied.
Referring to the accompanying sheet of drawings, Fig 1 is a diagram shewing
the arrangements adopted to ensure that the liquid current shall not vary in its
outflow without notice of the fact being given, and without the current being
interrupted.
Fig 2 is a section of the part of the apparatus subjected to the heat, and shews
the arrangements employed to prevent all foreign or external causes altering its
adjustment or exactitude.
A, Fig 1, is the pole or terminal for the positive current from a Leclanchè or
other voltaic cell, and also. the pole for a second positive current from two cells;
this latter is naturally stronger than the first. B is the terminal of the electro-
magnet, and to it then passes the negative current of the double cells. C is the
terminal of the bell, and receives the negative current of the single cell. D is the
interrupter or circuit breaker; E the balance; F the circuit contact; G the bell
contact; H the cock for arresting the liquid current; I. the counterweight; J the
electro-magnet; K the funnel with an opening of constant size; L the electric
bell;
M the pipe for the entering liquid current; N the thermopyrometer to which

page_text: the heated liquid is delivered after having traversed the instrument which is
placed in the space or furnace whose temperature is to be measured. O a cock of
a given capacity of outlet. P., a funnel which delivers into a waste pipe the
liquid which has conveyed the heat to the thermopyrometer or differential
thermometer N, q. (Fig 2) is the pipe which delivers liquid at a constant initial
temperature. into the exploring instrument. q¹ the outlet pipe which conveys the
heated liquid to the thermopyrometer N; a a tube enclosing the two tubes q. q¹
except the part which is submitted to radiation in the space whose temperature is
to be measured; b. an exterior tube forming, with the tube a, an annular space.
closed by the end c and by the cap f.; d an intermediate tube dividing the annular
space into two concentric spaces communicating at one end; e a screwed head
forming part of the tube d; h a nut fixing the piece g upon the cap f. i inlet for
fluid at a mean temperature between that of the fluid which is entering, and that
of the fluid which is leaving; j outlet of the fluid; k, means of fixing or attaching
the instrument; m non-conducting material enveloping the two tubes q, q¹;
n micrometer piece for effecting the increase or diminution of the active surface
exposed to radiation, which surface for each operation, and for each graduation of
the thermopyrometer should be constant. The instrument can be pushed forward
or withdrawn with slight friction, exterior divisions indicating its exact position
and the surface exposed to radiation.
The constant liquid current, which is delivered at a constant temperature by the
tube M, passes through the tube q. and debouches at the end into the capsule R.
returning by the orifices in the tube q¹ to the thermopyrometer N, whence it
issues by the cock O into the funnel K, which is always filled with a certain
quantity of liquid, balancing the counterweight on the beam.
But if the current should diminish in intensity, the volume of the effluent
stream will diminish also, and the funnel K becoming lighter, the balance will
oscillate, and the flexible plate p. will establish a first contact with the terminal G.
The electric bell L will sound, and if the volume should continue to diminish the
spring p. will bend still more, and will' establish a second contact with the
terminal F, through which a stronger current, coming from two cells will pass.
This current will circulate around the electro-magnet J, attracting its armature
and disengaging the counterweight I. This latter will fall and clear the bobbin H,
stopping the flow of liquid and removing all danger from explosion or otherwise.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and the manner of performing it as communicated to me as aforesaid,
I would have it understood that what is claimed as secured to me under the
Letters Patent first hereinabove in part recited is.
1. The combination with an instrument for measuring heat of the kind herein
referred to, of an electric bell to give notice of a variation in the volume of the
liquid current, and an electro-magnet to suppress the current substantially as
described and illustrated.
'
2, In an instrument of the kind herein referred to for measuring heat the
combination with a capsule whose absorbent surface can be exactly regulated. of
means substantially as described for defending the inlet and outlet tubes from
injurious radiation.
In Witness whereof I the said William Lloyd Wise have hereunto set my hand
and seal this fourth day of April in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and eighty-four.
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