matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
Rope Manufacturer.
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
May 1862. A communication from abroad by Louis Charvet, of No. 15,
Passage des Petites Ecuries, Paris, France, Rope Manufacturer.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WIRE ROPES OR CABLES," a communication to
me from abroad by Louis Charvet, of No. 15, Passage des Petites Ecuries,
Paris, France, Rope Manufacturer, to be as follows:-
Wire cables as hitherto manufactured are usually composed of six strands,
cach having six wires. These strands have in their interior a thread of hemp,
and these strands roll spirally round another thread also of hemp, but thicker
than the preceding, and which forms the main middle strand of the cerdage.
When the six strands are brought together they are all twisted in the same.
direction, that is to say, all to the right or all to the left, the result being that
when the cable is in use the stiffness of the material of which it is composed
causes an alternate untwisting and retwisting of the cable, which in mining shafts.
and elsewhere may occasion serious accidents. The cable forming the subject
of this Invention differs from the above especially in a most essential point.
The six strands instead of being twisted all to the right or all to the left, are
twisted three to the right and three to the left, or reciprocally. There are

page_text: therefore three different and equal forces in constant opposition, which
naturally destroy or negative each other, hence the equilibrium or rather
immobility of the cable, and this constitutes the basis of this Invention. The
dimensions or thickness of these cables are regulated as well as that of the
wires and strands which form them, by the uses to which they are to be 5
applied.
A NEW KIND OF WATER MILL
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Auguste Mathieu Durand
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th May 1862.
I, CHARLES AUGUSTE MATHIEU DURAND, of Peujard, in the District of
St. André de Cubzac, in the Departement of the Gironde, in the Empire of
France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
KIND OF WATER MILL," to be as follows:-
My improved system of water mill consists, firstly, of a large basin or reser-
voir, fed from a source, which however slight, will suffice always to maintain
the same level of water; the bottom of this basin will be constructed of sand,
stone, or rough masonry, and covered with slabs of stone, in order to preserve
the water if the supply be limited.
Secondly, of two pumps, which serve to raise water from the large basin to
another fixed above it, these pumps being of sufficient force to furnish together
the quantity of water necessary to turn two stones.
Thirdly, of a second basin or reservoir intended to receive the water raised
by the pumps, the water falling from thence by a conduit upon a large wheel
placed beneath.
Fourthly, of this large wheel, which receives motion by the water falling
upon it from the upper basin, communicates it by a horizontal shaft to the
millstones which are on each side, and at the same time to two perpendicular
shafts which work the pumps, so that the entire system is animated by a

page_text: regular and constant movement; the quantity of water falling on the wheel
being always the same, and the pumps re-raising incessantly the water neces-
sary to cause the millstones to turn. It is needless to say that the water from
the upper reservoir after giving motion to the wheel falls into the lower basin,
as it is beneath it.
This system, which may be used to give power in any factory where the
smallest water source is available, also frees these establishments from all
danger of inundation, and no rest or respite is ever necessitated from either
too great or too small a supply of water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MARINERS' COMPASSES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Alexander, at the, Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th Sep-
tember 1862.
I, ROBERT ALEXANDER, of Islington, Liverpool, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MARINERS' COMPASSES," to be as-
follows, that is to say :-
My Invention has for its object, the improvement of the mariners. compass,.
and the parts in connection therewith.
The improvements consist of an apparatus so arranged as to counteract the
effects of the local attraction of the iron or other metals upon the needle of. a.
compass in a ship or vessel, or other place where the magnetic needle is used,
thereby enabling it to obey the terrestrial magnetic influence only, and in the
use of aluminum iron, iron alloyed with nickel or other ironide for magnetic
compass cards, and also in the use of iron alone or alloyed for the bowls,
rims, hoods, and binnacles of mariners' compasses..
The means by which I propose to accomplish the said object, are as follows,.
viz.:-
1st. The application of counteracting magnetic poles, either arranged in:
the compass or upon the needle card, or otherwise as may be found most
effective.
2ndly. The use of a moveable magnetic ring attached to the needle card!
or so placed as to revolve therewith, for compensating for the local attraction.

page_text: Srdly. The use of an apparatus to be attached to the magnetic ring for
regulating the compensating or counteracting polarity of the ring, and for
adjusting the same when required, and compensate for the displacement of the
polarity of the needle caused thereby.
4thly. The improvement in the formation of the compass cards before
described; and,
5thly. The improvement in the bowls, rims, boxes, hoods, and binnacles
before described, (and painted, japanned, glazed, tinned, zinked, or galvanized)
the two latter (4th and 5th) improvements being applied in conjunction with
the three former.
6thly. The application of the said counteracting and compensating apparatus
and principle to magnetic needles of common compasses, and to the magnetic
needles of telegraphic or other instruments.
IMPROVE- THE MANUFACTURE OF CRINOLINE OR CRINOLINE STEEL
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Sanderson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
July 1862.
I, CHARLES SANDERSON, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Steel Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
THE MANUFACTURE OF CRINOLINE OR CRINOLINE STEEL," to be as
follows:-
Crinoline steel has heretofore been usually covered with some textile or.
fibrous material, more particularly cotton, which has been plaited, wound, or
laid round, or otherwise adapted to and made to cover and protect the
steel.
The object of the present Invention is to coat or cover the crinoline steel
with a coating or covering of pulp produced from cotton, flax, or any vegetable
or animal material which is capable of being converted into a pulpy state, and
then solidified on the steel. The pulpy mass may be prepared in any con-
venient or well-known manner, as, for instance, as in the manufacture of
paper, and when in this state it is laid on to the steel, so as to form a covering
instead of the cotton which is at present almost universally employed for the
purpose. One, two, or more coats of the pulp may be applied to the steel if
desired, and in order to improve the external appearance of the crinoline the
outer coating may be of a finer material than the others, and if desired it may
be colored. When the steel has been covered in this manner it may be passed

page_text: between rollers, either plain or indented, with any desired pattern or device
and either heated or otherwise. By this means the pulpy substance wit!
which the steel has been surrounded, covered, or coated, will be solidified, and
the crinoline steel will have a suitable finish given to it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Charles Edge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th October 1862.
I, WILLIAM CHARLES EDGE, of Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
VELOCIPEDES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing velocipedes in the manner shewn in
the Drawing hereunto annexed. The rider or operator sits on the seat A and
works the two treadles B, B', alternately; these treadles are hinged on a
common stud F, and the extremities G, G¹, act upon the studs C at each
downward stroke. A small portion of each treadle is hinged, as shewn in the
Drawing, so as to prevent the back stroke having any effect on the studs.
The velocipede is guided by the wheel E or other suitable means. The return
or up stroke of the treadles is made self-acting by india-rubber or other
springs, as at H.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING, AND IN ARRANGING THE WARPS THEREIN
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hudson, Henry Moore,
Christopher Catlow, and Samuel Newburey at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 16th December 1862.
We, WILLIAM HUDSON, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, Gentleman,
HENRY MOORE, of the same Place, Cotton Spinner, CHRISTOPHER CATLOW, of
the same Place, Overlooker, and SAMUEL NEWBUREY, of the same Place,
Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING, AND IN ARRANGING THE WARPS THEREIN," to be
as follows:-
Our Invention relates, firstly, to a method of diminishing the shock of the
pickers. To accomplish this we adapt a strap or similar apparatus to the
front of the slay, which strap passes over two pullies, and its ends are con-
nected to buttons mounted upon the picker spindles. When one of these
buttons is struck by a picker it draws the strap over the pullies, and the other
button is then ready to receive the blow of the other picker.
Another part of our Invention relates to a method of tightening the warp
when the weft is to be driven up, and of loosening it when the shed is to be
made. For these purposes we employ a roller above the warp beam, around
which, as well as around the usual roller, a cord is passed. This additional
roller is so mounted as to be caused to vibrate from the crank shaft or other
moving part of the loom.
Another improvement relates to a method of causing the slay to vibrate.

page_text: For this purpose we dispense with the usual connecting rod, and cause the
crank pin to move in a slot carried by the slay. In drawing in the warps the
usual method for plain work is to take the first and third, and the second and
fourth; but according to our Invention we take the first and second, and the
third and fourth. In working the healds, therefore, the first and third rise and
fall together, and the second and fourth.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SURFACE CONDENSERS
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Elizabeth Weallens, Widow and Administratrix of
William Weallens, of the Town and County of Newcastle-upon-Tyne,
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SURFACE CONDENSERS
T
Sealed the 6th April 1863, in pursuance of an Order of the Lord Chancellor,
and dated the 10th October 1869
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Weallens at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
October 1862.
I, WILLIAM WEALLENS, of the Town and County of Newcastle-upon-Tyne,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SURFACE CONDENSERS FOR MARINE AND OTHER ENGINES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists, firstly, in screwing one or both ends of the con-
denser tubes externally or internally, so as to admit of a screwed nut or
cylinder of brass or other material to be screwed on or into one or both ends
of such tubes, india-rubber or other elastic material embracing the tube ends
being introduced between the tube plate and the said nut, a recess being made
in the tube plate to receive the same. Both ends of the tubes may be screwed as

page_text: described above, or one end only, and the other end bent to form a flange or to
have a flange fixed on it, india-rubber or other elastic material embracing the
tube being inserted between such flange and the tube plate. The nut at the
opposite end is sufficient to draw the said india-rubber or other elastic material
into a recess in the tube plate, the same in every respect as that at the
screwed end.
The object of the second part of my Invention is to effect the most advan-
tageous distribution of water through the various tubes of surface condensers.
The cold water chamber into which the water is forced before going through
the condesing tubes is divided into two or more parts by division plates
arranged at right angles or nearly so to the condensing tubes. These plates
can be adjusted so as to increase or diminish the volume of water at any part
of the condenser by means of screws, levers, or other mechanical appliances
from the outside of the said cold water chamber when the condenser is in
operation.
AN IMPROVED FURNACE FOR CASTING STEEL
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on tho
29th September 1862.-A communication from abroad by Jean Baptiste
Delrieu, of Paris, France, Steel Manufacturer.
J, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of No. 11,
Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED FURNACE
FOR CASTING STEEL," a communication to me from abroad by Jean Baptiste
Delrieu, of Paris, France, Steel Manufacturer, to be as follows:-
This improved furnace (which is more especially intended to cast steel in
large masses) is composed of a crucible or basin of reception, with a movable
cover or lid at its upper part, and at its lower part an opening called the
tapping hole, of a fire-place beneath the crucible, with doors, grating, and ash-
pit or pan. On issuing from the fire-place the flames embrace all parts of the
crucible, and gain the chimney place above. A little above the crucible is an
opening for inspecting the working, and at the bottom of the fire-place
conduits or blast pipes for increasing the draught. The ash-pit, the fire-place,
the crucible, and part of the chimney are surrounded by refractory brick-
works, which are in their turn envelopped in ordinary brickwork, which forms
the exterior of the furnace.
AN IMPROVE- MENT IN PREPARING HOOKS, AND HOOKS AND EYES FOR SALE OR CONSUMPTION
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Henry at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th March 1862.-
A communication from abroad by the Société Gingembre et Damiron, of
Paris, France.
I, MICHAEL HENRY, of 84, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVE-
MENT IN PREPARING HOOKS, AND HOOKS AND EYES FOR SALE OR CONSUMPTION,"
communicated to me from abroad by the Société Gingembre et Damiron, of
Paris, France, to be as follows:-
Heretofore a mode of preparing hooks, and hooks and eyes for sale or
consumption has been by placing them in lots within boxes, cases, or envelopes
and to indicate on the outside the contents by printing or otherwise delinea-
ting thereon a hook and eye or by attaching a sample by a thread or cord
passing round the box or case. These modes are attended with considerable
inconvenience. In the first case the representation of the article enclosed is
too imperfect to be serviceable, in the second the connecting thread has to be-
detached whenever the box or case is opened, and is thus liable to be lost
and troublesome to replace.
Now the object of the present Invention is to provide an effectual and con-
venient mode of preparing hooks, and hooks and eyes for sale or consumption,
according to which boxes, cases or envelopes are used for holding them
as before, but a sample or pattern hook or hook and eye is attached to such

page_text: box, case, or envelope in such manner as not be separated therefrom by the
opening thereof. For this purpose the sample or pattern is fastened upon
cardboard or other suitable material on the back of which paper or other
convenient substance is stuck so as to conceal the attaching thread or agent,
and this is caused to adhere or is attached to the box, case, or envelope which
can be opened without separating the sample, and the attaching thread is
concealed at back. The best mode of preparing the samples is to sew or
fasten by threads a row of hooks and eyes on a card or similar material, the
back surface of which is then covered by attaching thereto a piece of paper
by paste or other adhesive agent, and when dry the card is cut into strips,
each strip carrying one hook and eye, and each strip is attached by paste or
other adhesive agent to the outside of a box or case. The same mode may
be adopted for hooks only as well as for hooks and eyes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PUNCHING BY MEANS OF HYDRAULIC PRESSURE
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Banwell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th November
1862.
I, JOHN BANWELL, of Watlington, in the County of Oxford, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR PUNCHING BY MEANS OF HYDRAULIC PRESSURE," to be as follows:-
My improved apparatus consists in applying to a suitable ordinary jaw or
holder a hydraulic cylinder with ram working therein, the outer end or front
of which ram has the punch affixed thereto. This ram being hollowed out, and
the hollow part being provided with a piston which can slide on a piston rod,
the piston being screwed, so as to act in the hollowed part of the ram, which is
also screwed to correspond, by which means I advance the piston, and the ram
is thereby advanced by the hydraulic pressure in the cylinder resulting from
this action. The punch in front of the ram is thus put to work, and acts upon
the metal or material placed in the jaw or holder. The end of the hydraulic
cylinder at back of the piston is to be secured by being screwed into same, and
to have an orifice for the piston rod to work through. The piston rod is
moved by lever handle or driving wheel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF VIOLET COLOURS DERIVED FROM COAL TAR OIs
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Clavel at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th October
1862.
I, PIERRE CLAVEL, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Chemist, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT
OF VIOLET COLOURS DERIVED FROM COAL TAR OIs," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in an improved mode of treating the violet colours
derived from coal tar oils with a view to render them soluble in water and thus
permit of dispensing with the costly and imperfect solvents hitherto employed
such as alcohol, acetic acid, and methyl.
Over the violet matter to be treated, placed in a suitable vessel, is poured
in small quantities at a time a sufficiency of cold fuming sulphuric acid of
Nordhausen to effect the solution, the mass being constantly stirred. After
being left to repose for about half an hour to complete the saturation, the
solution thus formed is poured carefully into a vessel of enamelled iron or other
suitable resisting material previously charged with water, heated to from
160° to 212° (Fahrenheit). The proportion of water thus employed varies
according to circumstances, but may as a general rule be stated at from
twenty to thirty times the volume of the acid solution; the whole is
then exposed for a few minutes to the action of a current of steam, after
which it is left to cool. The precipitation of the violet colour is then
effected by the addition of chloride of sodium or an earthy alkali, after
which the mass is again heated by a current of steam and maintained in

page_text: ebullition for about half an hour. During this process the whole of the
colouring matter is thrown down, and being collected on a filter is washed
with cold water until all traces of acid or alkali have disappeared. The
product thus obtained is thoroughly soluble in hot water and may bo
employed in the ordinary way for dyeing or printing purposes. It possesses
chemical properties entirely distinct from those of the violet colours as
at present manufactured from coal tar oils, and also differs from them
in the superior richness of its tints.
In certain cases the cold Nordhausen acid may be replaced in the opening
process by hot sulphuric acid of commerce, either concentrated or diluted, the
matter to be dissolved being also heated, but the first-named substance has
hitherto been found to give the best results.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOTTERY AND BALLOT BOXES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Black at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd May 1862.
I, WILLIAM BLACK, of Wood Street, Northampton, in the County of
Northampton, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOTTERY AND BALLOT BOXES," to be as follows :—
Through the centre of a square, or oblong-square box, from the front to
the back a solid conical shaped shaft or axle passes, and is set in suitable
bearings; a plate having six or eight sides is fixed to that portion of the shaft
which projects exteriorly in front of the box, and the several edges or sides of
this plate are supplied with numbers and the words "No" and "Yes" in
order to serve as an indicator. The conical shaft is cut or channelled with
six or eight grooves, commencing at the larger end of the shaft near the front
of the box, and these channels run off the face of the cone at separate and
distinct points, and over divisions of a drawer situate at the bottom of the box.
At the top of the box is a shallow sloping compartment into which a number of
marbles are placed, and which run down a pipe and rest on the largest portion
of the cone just behind the commencement of the channels.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-The person balloting turns
the indicating plate so that the number or word he wishes to ballot shall
be uppermost; he then pulls the handle, and the plate and cone are thereby
drawn about two inches forwards, bringing one of the channels under the
pipe and allowing a marble to drop therein, and run down to the drawer,
dropping into the numbered or other division corresponding with the number

page_text: .
of the indicator; a ring fixed on to the cone is brought by its motion partly
across a slot in the pipe and prevents more than one marble from entering
the channel. A bell is likewise struck by a hammer by the forward motion
of the cone so as to ring at each ballot. A catch at the small end of the
cone holds it firmly when once pulled out, and the person balloting cannot
move it more than once. The attendant releases the catch for the next
person, and a spring then draws the cone back to its first position. The
divisions in the drawer will show the result of the ballot.
This box can be used as a lottery box by substituting colored or numbered
marbles, but a simpler form for lottery purposes is a circular box having a
vertical shaft and handle, near the bottom of which is a tube having an
opening to admit one marble and another to allow of its exit through the side
of the box. The action is by inserting the marbles through a hole at the top
of the box and shaking them, when; by pressing down the shaft, one of them
is allowed to escape.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VAPORIZING LAMPS FOR BURNING PETROLEUM OR COAL OIL
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Haseltine at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th June
1862. A communication from abroad by James Rhodes, of Cincinnati,
Ohio, United States.
I, GEORGE HASELTINE, of the "International Patent Office," No. 100, Fleet
Street, in the City of London, American Barrister-at-Law, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VAPORIZING LAMPS FOR
BURNING PETROLEUM OR COAL OIL," a communication to me from abroad by
James Rhodes, of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, to be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in mingling the vapor of coal oil
with atmospheric air, either in a tube above the burner where the tube is
exposed to an intense heat and from which the combination descends to the
burner, or in conducting the vapor after it is combined with air into a chamber
above the flame, for the purpose of heating the mixture from which it descends
to the burner. An elastic diaphragm, operated by a spring, is employed to
force the fluid up from the body of the lamp into the upper end of the tube,.
where it is vaporized and the vapor forced out through a minute aperture. A
needle-shaped valve operating within said tube is employed, the point of the
needle being adapted to the said aperture operates in and through the same,
and prevents the aperture from becoming clogged by condensed matter, and
thereby obstructing the passage of gas or vapor. This needle is prolonged
downward within the tube, or what is the same thing practically, a small rod

page_text: is connected with the needle, said rod reaching to a point beyond the influence
of the heat of the lamp, where it is connected with any suitable device for con-
veniently operating the needle, to open and close the aperture, thereby
regulating the flow of the gas.
When this lamp or apparatus is used for cooking and other domestic pur-
poses, a heater is employed to vaporize the oil. By my improvements a supply
of gas
for supporting a very small flame may be economically vaporized.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL FOR THE NECK
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Edmund Wilson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
December 1862.
I, CHARLES EDMUND WILSON, of Monkwell Street, in the City of London,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL FOR THE NECK," to be as
follows:-
My Invention applies to collars and scarfs, and consists in attaching to the
front part of the bands of collars one or two bands of any material suitable for
scarfs, which bands hang down, take the position of, and appear like an
ordinary scarf; a stud or pin, or both, may be used to secure the article on the
neck of the wearer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARMOUR AND OTHER PLATES, AND IN SHOT AND SHELL
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Bennett Howell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
November 1862.
I, JOSEPH BENNETT HOWELL, of the Firm of Shortridge, Howell, and
Company, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Steel Manufacturers, do
bereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF ARMOUR AND OTHER PLATES, AND IN SHOT AND SHELL," to be as
follows:-
According to my improvements I take a number of bars of iron of a length
according to the area of the slab to be manufactured. I cross and recross the
bars, and distribute them over the area of the slab, and also throughout the
thickness it is to be formed; these bars are supported one from the other, and
otherwise, so as to present a skeleton (so to speak) of the slab to be formed.
The bars in addition to being crossed may be in diagonal positions, or inclined.
to each other in all directions. I dispose this skeleton in a suitable mould
(either in a furnace or otherwise) to form the slab or plate, and I then pour
into the mould a quantity of what is known as homogeneous iron or cast steel
amongst the bars of iron which have been previously heated to a welding heat,
and a flux is applied, which, together with the heat of the homogeneous metal,
causes it to become thoroughly welded to the bars of iron and become there-
with a solid slab of metal. A plate is thus produced having a sufficiently
fibrous nature to offer great resistance to the shock of shot, as not only does
the fibrous nature of the bar iron remain intact, but the homogeneous metal or

page_text: steel is much toughened in its nature, at same time retaining all the known
resisting qualities of the homogeneous metal or steel. These blooms or ingots
may be subsequently hammered and rolled as may be required.
According to my improvements in shot and shell, I form them of bar or
other wrought iron, and make them with a soft core or centre covered by a
partially converted or steel surface, and all or part of which surface may be
hardened. I either first form the shot or shell of the shape desired, and con-
vert them by the ordinary process by cementation to the depth required, or I
only partially shape them, then convert, and afterwards complete them as
desired. In some cases the entire circumference and face may be converted,
or it may be the circumference and outer substance of the shot or shell only
which is so converted. The conversion I continue till of a depth requisite, and
according to the diameter of the shot or shell; and according to the purpose
for which they are required.
AN IMPROVED CURB OR REIN FOR ENABLING RIDERS OR DRIVERS TO STOP RESTIVE OR RUNAWAY HORSES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isopy Léon at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th May 1862.
I, ISOPY LEON, of 2, Rue Ste. Appoline, Paris, France, and of 4, South
Street, Finsbury, London, a Horse Breaker, do hereby declare the nature of
Invention for "AN IMPROVED CURB OR REIN FOR ENABLING RIDERS OR DRIVERS
TO STOP RESTIVE OR RUNAWAY HORSES," to be as follows, that is to say:--
my
My Invention consists in a curb or rein, with an under throat piece for
enabling riders or drivers to stop restive or runaway horses. This rein, which
the horseman holds with the little finger, is passed into a martingal with
rings placed on each side of the horse's collar, then through two rings fixed
on each side of the piston snaffle, this rein rises under the throat of the horse
and passes into two rings carried by the headstall.
For horses harnessed to a carriage the stopping rein is passed into two
screw rings fixed to the seat, then through the rings of the snaffle, and rising
so as to pass into the rings of the headstall, finally rests under the throat of
the horse. This rein may be flat at the part held by the driver and round at
that which is to move in the rings, which may be furnished with rollers or
replaced by small pulleys. The conductor has only to pull the rein to produce
a pressure under the horse's throat sufficiently great to prevent if required:
the air from entering his lungs, hence it will always be possible to. stop a
horse.
IMPROVED ELECTRIC DANGER SIGNALS FOR RAILWAYS, AND OTHER COGNATE PURPOSES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic Barnett at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th April
1862.
I, FREDERIC BARNETT, residing at Paris, No. 164, Rue de Rivoli, late of
No. 60, St. Mary Axe, in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVED ELECTRIC DANGER SIGNALS FOR RAILWAYS,
AND OTHER COGNATE PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
That accidents and collisions often occur on railroads from the fact of the
insufficient warning to drivers of coming trains at distances to enable the
drivers of engines to diminish their speed when approaching an obstruction. To
meet and remedy this evil I hereby propose that between all stations on
railways there shall be on each side of the line (for the up and down trains),
tall posts A, A, erected, surmounted by round balls B, or other shaped signals
to works in grooves, and be sustained in their places each by a catch con-
nected with a galvanic pile or battery. The communication between the said
pile or battery, and the moveable ball or other shaped signal, shall be at the
station on either side of the said post or posts, supporting each a moveable
ball or other suitable signal of whatever shape, by means of which con-
nection the person at the station or elsewhere in charge will be able by
completing the circuit of electricity to cause these moveable signals to fall at
the distance of many miles from the upper to the lower part C of the groove
on the signal post. Thus during the day giving abundant notice to drivers

page_text: to arrive cautiously, and avoid collisions. For night signals I propose that
the same or other similar tall signal posts shall be surmounted by electric
lamps D, D, having the half only clear facing the arriving train, the other half
dark to avoid misleading trains coming in an opposite direction. The light
side will be constructed of glass of the desired color with a reflector behind.
The power of lighting the said lamps will be in the hands of the manager of
same signals at the stations between which they will be situated. These lamps
when properly charged may be instantaneously lighted at several miles distance,
and be burnt till the danger be passed, and by interrupting the circuit of
electricity be as easily extinguished; this system will equally apply to all cognate
purposes.
Common lamps may also be adapted with screens to blind the light, the
same screens to be let fall by electricity.
AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION TO BE EMPLOYED FOR COVERING PROJECTILES, AND THE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL SURFACES OF VESSELS; WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF TUBING AND TO OTHER USEPUL AND ORNAMENTAL PURPOSES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Patrick Sarsfield Devlan at the
Office of the Commissioners, of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
July 1862.
I, PATRICK SARSFIELD DEVLAN, of the Commercial Foundry, Commercial
Street, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION TO BE EMPLOYED
FOR COVERING PROJECTILES, AND THE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL SURFACES OF
VESSELS; WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF TUBING AND TO
OTHER USEPUL AND ORNAMENTAL PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My improved composition consists of an admixture and combination of
paper or other fibrous pulp, caoutchouc or gutta percha, and any resinous
gum; plumbago may also if required be mixed therewith; the proportions 1
prefer being about eight pounds of fibrous pulp to half a pound of caoutchouc
or gutta percha, and one pound of resinous gum, although such proportions
may be varied without materially differing in effect. The product or compo-
sition thus obtained is particularly adapted to the covering of projectiles and
as an internal and external protective coating for vessels; also to the manu-
facture of tubing or piping and other purposes wherein great durability,
tenacity, flexibility, and lightness are required, examples of which will be more
fully explained in my Final Specification hereafter to be filed.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Suckow and Edward
Habel at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 14th October 1862.
Wo, EDMUND SUCKOW and EDWARD HABEL, both of the City of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Machinists, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS,”
to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to a novel description of machinery for twisting slivers
or threads or for doubling slivers or threads together, and simultaneously
winding them upon bobbins; and the Invention consists in a novel arrange-
ment and adaptation of mechanism, which may be described as follows:-The
sliver or single or doubled yarn pass from drawing rollers through a "trumpet
mouth," and thence through a guide or eye upon a sliding block which
delivers the yarn to the bobbin. This slide has a reciprocating traversing
motion imparted to it by means of a right and left handed screw, so as to
distribute and lay the yarn evenly upon the bobbin, and in its traverse it acts
upon a double inclined plane, causing it to rise and fall in such a manner as
to take up or compensate for the slack yarn which passes over it, and which
arises from the different length of yarn between the ends and the middle of
the bobbin. On the opposite side of the bobbin a fluted roller is placed, their
peripheries being parallel and kept in contact by means of annular springs
pressing upon the bearings of the bobbin, which receives a rotatory motion
from the said rollers, causing the "winding on" of the yarn. The speed of

page_text: is regu-
this fluted roller, and consequently the amount of twist in the yarn,
lated and governed by a differential motion, which is effected by simple
arrangements of bevil gearing, or worm and worm wheel, or other equivalent
gearing, driven from a continuous driving shaft provided for the purpose, and
extending from end to end of the machine. This apparatus excepting the
differential motion, is arranged in a framework. In order to impart the twist
to the yarn, the frame carrying the bobbin and fluted roller is caused to revolve
between bearings by means of band and fast and loose pulleys attached to the
frame, so that the bobbin is caused to revolve across its axis (end over end)
as well as parallel thereto, by which means the "twist" and "draw" are
effected simultaneously. This description of apparatus effects a great economy
of space, inasmuch as the apparatus can be employed one above the other if
required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Horton at the Office of the
Commissioners of. Patents, with his Petition on the 24th July
1862. A communication from abroad by Joseph Reeder, of Salem,
in the State of Ohio, in the United States of America.
I, JOHN HORTON, of New York, in the United States of America, but now
residing at Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING
FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
The said Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
breech-loading fire-arms, by which improvements the fire-aran is charged with
bullet and powder and primed with a percussion cap, and the parts of the
lock brought into position for firing by the depression and subsequent raising
of a lever situated on the under side of the gun and forming the trigger
guard. On the under side of the barrel is a tubular magazine for gunpowder,
and on the upper side of the barrel is a tubular magazine for bullets. The
charge chamber at the breech end of the barrel rises and falls vertically, that
is, across the axis of the barrel. On the depression of the trigger guard lever
the charge chamber descends and carries with it in a tube on its summit a
bullet which had been pressed into the said tube by a coiled spring operating
upon the column or row of bullets in the magazine. When the bullet carried
down by the descent of the charge chamber is opposite the bore of the barrel,
the hammer strikes a piston at the back of the bullet and forces it into the
barrel. During the descent of the trigger guard lever a vibrating charged

page_text: underneath the barrel turns upon the centre, which connects it with the
barrel, and carries a charge of powder from tho powder magazine to the
charge chamber. On raising the trigger guard lever the charge chamber is
brought into a line with the barrel and is secured firmly in its place by the
wedge shaped slide in which it works; the vibrating powder charger returns
to its normal position and the parts of the lock are brought into position for
firing, a percussion cap in the primer is at the same timo pushed in front of the
nipple, and the said trigger guard lever being fixed in its placo by the spring
catch on its end the gun is ready for firing; this is done by pressing the
trigger when the hammer is thrown forward and strikes the percussion cap.
In order to recharge the gun ready for firing, it is only necessary to liberate
the trigger guard lever by pressing upon the spring catch when the said lever
may be lowered and raised and the movements. described aro repeated.
AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF MOUNT FOR PHOTO- GRAPHIC AND OTHER ALBUMS, MINIATURES, AND OTHER PICTURES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Peter Bourquin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th October
1862.
I, JOHN PETER BOURQUIN, of Newman Street, Oxford Street, in the
County of Middlesex, Album Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF MOUNT FOR PHOTO-
GRAPHIC AND OTHER ALBUMS, MINIATURES, AND OTHER PICTURES," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to manufacture mounts that will not soil
with the touch, and which when dirty may be readily cleaned without injury
thereto; this I propose to effect by substituting veneers of choice woods for
the cardboard facings of mounts, which veneer facings will admit of being
French polished, and of receiving various kinds of ornamentation. In making
album mounts I first back leaves of veneer with paper or cloth, and then cut
out the openings for the pictures; I next place two leaves back to back, so
that the openings in each shall correspond, and apply cardboard filling at
certain parts so as to leave space between the leaves of veneer for the insertion
of the photographic or other pictures, as is well understood; then by glue or
other cement applied to the filling pieces and leaves where in contact there-
with I connect the leaves of veneer together. When preparing mounts for
pas-partouts and miniatures as well as albums mounts, I propose to ornament
the mounts either by guilding, painting, or printing, preferring to apply mosaic
printing which I have already adapted to the ornamentation of book and
album covers.
AN IMPROVED GEODETIC OR TOPOGRAPHIC INSTRUMENT INTENDED TO COMBINE IN ONE ALL THE INSTRUMENTS NOW USED IN SURVEYING
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by François Marie Lanoa at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th June
1862.
I, FRANÇOIS MARIE LANOA, of No. 49, Boulevart Montparnasse, in the
City of Paris, in the Empire of France, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED GEODETIC OR TOPOGRAPHIC INSTRUMENT
INTENDED TO COMBINE IN ONE ALL THE INSTRUMENTS NOW USED IN SURVEYING,"
to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to combine in one all the instruments now
used in surveying, and my instrument may be used for measuring distances
from the shortest up to 500 yards, or more, according to the power of the
glasses or telescopes, for levelling (with double register by rotation of the instru-
ment or inversion of the glasses) for measuring inclines, and also for measuring
horizontal angles, becoming in one moment, and without being dismounted, a
graphometer and telescopic ring or circle.
My improved instrument is composed of two glasses or telescopes, one fixed,
the other moveable; a level with air bubble, and face at top and side; a
graduated ring or circle; an alidade or cross staff set perpendicularly to the
moveable telescope; adjusting apparatus to advance or retire the telescopes ;
adjusting screw for inclining the instrument; vice and adjusting screw for
advancing or retiring and fixing the alidade; a socket supporting the instru-
ment, the lower part of a rotula which permits the horizontal rotary motion

page_text: being immediately above it; a screw serving to set the two parts of the
horizontal movement; a thumb nut to retain the instrument in a horizontal
position. The instrument, which may rest upon a foot with three or six
branches, possesses three distinct movements, namely, inclination backwards or
forwards, right and left until perpendicular, and horizontal rotation on its
socket.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Gustave Delvigne at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th May 1862.
I, HENRI GUSTAVE DELVIGNE, of 26, Rue St. Dominique, in the City of
Paris, in the Empire of France, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
The first part of my Invention relates principally to pistols, but is also
applicable to other fire-arms.
In pistols of the ordinary construction the trigger is placed about an inch
behind the axis of the cock or hammer. This arrangement, and the peculiar
formation of the human hand have rendered it necessary that the handle or
butt should extend about three or four inches from the rear end of the barrel.
In my improved construction of pistol I dispense with the usual trigger, and
substitute therefor a small rod, inserted in a passage or channel in a metal
bracket which occupies the position of the ordinary trigger guard. By press-
ing against the front end of the rod with the forefinger the rod is made to
slide in the passage, and its hind end is thereby caused to act on the lock and
discharge the pistol. On the finger being removed the rod is returned to its
first position by a coiled spring. By this arrangement the point at which the
finger must act in order to discharge the pistol is brought about three or four
inches in advance of the usual position, and I am enabled to employ a very
short handle or butt, and to reduce the length of the pistol considerably. The
above arrangement may be adapted to other fire-arms besides pistols.

page_text: The second part of my Invention relates to breech-loading fire-arms, con-
structed for discharging several bullets or projectiles simultaneously through a
number of barrels combined so as to form one, or through separate bores or
channels in the same barrel. The charges are contained in a short cylinder
having a number of charge chambers therein, corresponding exactly in number
and position with the barrels or bores, such chambers communicating with each
other at the rear end, so that the ignition of one charge will effect the explosion
of the rest.
In my improved fire-arms of this class the barrels or barrel terminate in a
breech-piece suitably formed for the reception of the charge cylinder, and to
this breech-piece the stock is connected by means of a short screw, through
the centre whereof is formed a touch hole, which, when the movable charge
cylinder has been inserted in its place, communicates with the central chamber
of that cylinder.