AXLES ON AN ENTIRE NEW CONSTRUCTION FOR WHEEL CARRIAGES CARRYING HEAVY LOADS, WITH WHEELS COMMONLY CALLED FRICTION WHEELS APPLIED TO SUCH AXLES IN A METHOD NOT HITHERTO USED OR APPLIED TO WHEEL CARRIAGES, BY WHICH MEANS THE F ON THE AXLES OF THE WHEELS W, ANDGES DRAWN WITH MUCH LESS POWER THAN BY ANY CONSTRUCTION BEFORE USED, WHICH INVENTION IS VERY DIFFERENT FROM ANY OTHER BEFORE FOUND OUT FOR REDUCING THE FRICTION ON THE AXLES OF WHEEL CAR- RIAGES
Year: 1795

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
EDGELL, of Frome Selwood, in the County of Somerset, Gentleman, send
greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by His
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date on
or about the Twentieth day of July instant, in the thirty-fifth year of His said
Majesty's reign, did give and grant unto me, the said James Edgell, my exors,
adiñiors, and assigns, His especial licence, full power, sole privilegde and
authority that I, the said James Edgell, my exors, adiñors, and assigns, should
and lawfully might, during the term therein expressed, make, use, exercise,
and vend, within that part of His Majesty's Kingdom of Great Britain called
England, Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Inven-
tion of "AXLES ON AN ENTIRE NEW CONSTRUCTION FOR WHEEL CARRIAGES CARRYING
HEAVY LOADS, WITH WHEELS COMMONLY CALLED FRICTION WHEELS APPLIED TO SUCH
AXLES IN A METHOD NOT HITHERTO USED OR APPLIED TO WHEEL CARRIAGES, BY
WHICH MEANS THE FRICTION ON THE AXLES OF THE WHEELS WILL BE GREATLY
LESSENED, AND THE CARRIAGES DRAWN WITH MUCH LESS POWER THAN BY ANY
CONSTRUCTION BEFORE USED, WHICH INVENTION IS VERY DIFFERENT FROM ANY OTHER
BEFORE FOUND OUT FOR REDUCING THE FRICTION ON THE AXLES OF WHEEL CAR-
RIAGES;" in which said in part recited Letters Patent there is contained a

page_text: proviso that if I, the said James Edgell, shall not particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and scal, and
cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within one calendar month next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent, that then the said Letters Patent, and all liberties and advan-
tages whatsoever thereby granted, shall utterly cease, determine, and be void,
as in and by the said Letters Patent, reference being thereunto had, may more
fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
James Edgell, do hereby declare that my said axles on a new construction for
wheel carriages carrying heavy loads with wheels commonly called friction
wheels applied to such axles, are made and used and to be performed in
manner following (that is to say):-
The axles are made of iron or steel, of a proper size and strength to bear
the weight of the carriage or waggon and loading, one end of each of which
axles is fixed in the center or nave of each principal wheel of such carriage or
waggon, so as to turn or move round as the wheel turns or moves, and not the
wheel to turn or move round without the axle at the same time turning or
moving round. The axles being thus fastened at one end in the centers of
the principal wheels, extend one from each wheel as an arm, which arms or
extended parts are round and gradually diminish in diameter towards the ends,
and have each a hole for a key or pin, or a screw for a nut to be screwed on,
at or near the small end, in order to keep the wheels to their proper places
and prevent them from spreading. The arms or extended parts of the axles
are placed inwards under pieces of wood which support the body or bed of the
carriage or waggon, and are kept in their proper places thero by means of a
staple or collar fixed to the wood near the small end of each axle, and the key,
pin, or nut above mentioned, and also by means of wheels called friction wheels,
made of iron or other mettal, being applied to such axles, particularly one
such wheel of as large diameter as can conveniently be there applied, and
placed at or, near each end of the said pieces of wood which support the body
or bed of the carriago or waggon, and near to the nave or inside of each
principal wheel of such carriage or waggon, which large friction wheels so
placed have their bearings and work upon the principal axles near to the inside
of the principal wheels, and have their motion communicated by the motion
of the principal actions, by which method of applying friction wheels tho
friction on the axles of wheel carriages is in a great degree reduced, and henvy

page_text: loads will, on lovel or nearly level roads, or on railways, be drawn and
conveyed from place to place with very little power.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Edgell, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Twenty-ninth day of July, in the thirty-fifth year
of the reign of our Sovereign Lord George the Third, by the grace of
God of Great Britain, France, and Ireland King, Defender of the
Faith, &c., and in the year of our Lord One thousand seven hundred