CEMENTS APPLICABLE TO THE COATING OF SEA-GOING VESSELS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederic Pelham Warren, of Southsea, in the County of
IMPROVED
Hants, Captain in the Royal Navy, for the Invention of
CEMENTS APPLICABLE TO THE COATING OF SEA-GOING VESSELS, AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES."
Sealed the 18th May 1877, and dated the 29th November 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederic Pelham Warren
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th November 1876.
FREDERIC PELHAM WARREN, of Southsea, in the County of Hants, Captain in
the Royal Navy. IMPROVED CEMENTS APPLICABLE TO THE COATING OF SEA-
GOING VESSELS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
One of my improved cements is composed of Stockholm tar, gas tar, and
pulverized lime, which being thoroughly mixed together to a consistency which may
be readily applied by the usual means to the surface of an iron vessel or other
body to be coated, forms a powerful binding cement, which may be advantageously
used for attaching certain sheathing.
For some purposes I use Archangel tar in lieu of Stockholm tar in conjunction
with the mineral tar and lime as aforesaid.
For some purposes I dispense with the mineral tar and use vegetable tar only in
conjunction with the lime. Thus I make cement by mixing Stockholm tar (or it
may be Archangel tar, or a mixture of these two tars) with lime in or about the
following proportions by weight, that is to say about three parts by weight of tar
or tar mixture to about one part by weight of the line.
In slaking the lime I use the lime and the water in about the following pro-
portions by weight, viz., four parts of the line to one part of water.
When mixing, the temperature of the tar should be about 60°, or a little more,
but it should not be allowed to boil. 1 have found that Stockholm tar and Arch-
angel tar, unless of the very best quality, are so thick that without being thinned

page_text: either by heat or by the admixture of nineral tar they will not take enough of the
lime to mix intimately or make a binding cement.
My improved cements' may be used in paying the seams of vessels.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Frederic Pelham Warren, in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 28th
May 1877.
FREDERIC PELHAM WARREN, of Southsea, in the County of Hants, Captain in
the Royal Navy. "IMPROVED CEMENTS APPLICABLE TO THE COATING OF SEA-
GOING VESSELS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
One of my improved cements is composed of Stockholm tar, gas tar, and
pulverized lime, which being thoroughly mixed together to a consistency which
may be readily applied by the usual incans to the surface of an iron vessel or other
body to be coated, forms a powerful binding cement which may be advantageously
used for attaching certain sheathing, such for example as the paper sheathing
described in the Specification of Letters Patent, No. 3101, dated 3rd August 1876,
granted to me and Edward Field.
In making this cement I have adopted the following proportions by weight with
satisfactory results, namely, + parts of the Stockholm or Archangel tar, 1 part of gas
tar, and 5 parts of slaked lime.
For some purposes, for facility of application and for speedy drying, in lieu of
Stockholm or Archangel tar I use in conjunction with the mineral tar and lime, as
aforesaid, either naptha, or benzoline, or paraffine in the following proportions,
viz.One part by weight of the naptha, or benzoline, or paraffine to ten parts by
weight of slaked lime, and eight parts by weight of gas tar.
For some purposes I dispense with the mineral tar and use vegetable tar only in
conjunction with the line. Thus I make cement by mixing Stockholm tar (or it
may be Archangel tar, or a mixture of these two tars) with lime in or about the
following proportions by weight, that is to say-About three parts by weight of
the tar or tar mixture to about one part by weight of the slaked lime. This is
specially adapted for caulking the decks and top sides of ships.
In slaking lime for the manufacture of my improved cements, as herein-before
described, I use the line and the water in about the following proportions by
weight, viz., four parts of the lime to one part of water.
In all cases when mixing vegetable tar with other ingredients to form cement,
according to my Invention, the temperature of the vegetable tar should be about
60°, or a little more, but it should not be allowed to boil. I have found that
Stockholm tar and Archangel tar, unless of the very best quality, are so thick that
without being thinned either by heat or by the admixture of mineral tar they will
not take up enough of the lime to mix intimately or make a binding cement.
When making cements intended to withstand a high temperature the proportion
of lime should be increased by one-half.
My improved cements may be used in paying the seams of vessels. They are
also applicable to the covering iron and wooden objects in the open air, and the
thinner forms constitute good substitutes for paint and varnish for various purposes,
and are of a more enduring and resisting character.
My cements are specially useful in building operations, being more powerfully
adhesive than mortar, and far more useful than plaster in covering walls, as they
dry rapidly, do not require several coats, are not liable to crack, and will resist
damp.
Having described the nature of iny said Invention and explained the manner of
carrying the same into practical effect, I would have it understood that what I

page_text: consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me
by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is the manufacture of cements, as
herein-above described, for the coating of sea-going vessels, and for other purposes.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederic Pelham Warren, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
before named Frederic Pelham
Warren, in the presence of
C. H. BINSTEED,
Solicitor and Notary,
Portsmouth.
FREDERIC PELHAM WARREN. (LS.)