IMPROVE MENTS IN HEARTHS, SUCH IMPROVEMENTS BEING APPLICABLE TO ALL KINDS OF F wn rom Drimg
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Casimer Deguine, of 7, Rue Montebello Cape-
cure, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France, for the Invention of "IMPROVE
MENTS IN HEARTHS, SUCH IMPROVEMENTS BEING APPLICABLE TO ALL KINDS OF
F
wn rom Drimg
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Casemer Deguine at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st September 1874.
I, CASIMER DEGUINE, of 7, Rue Montebello Capecure, Boulogne-sur-
Mer, France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HEARTHS, SUCH IMPROVEMENTS BEING APPLICABLE TO ALL
KINDS OF OVENS, FURNACES, STOVES, AND FIRE-PLACES," to be as follows:-
-
Heretofore the hearths of ovens, furnaces, &c., have generally received
air from the outside in that part called the ash pan situated immediately
beneath the grate, from whence it enters between, the fire-bars, and
passing through the coal assists in its combustion; but this method is

page_text: attended with the disadvantage of the air reaching the grate at a very
low temperature.
Now the object of this Invention is the construction of a hearth which
is equally adapted either to kitchen ranges, steam boilers, puddling
furnaces, furnaces in glass works, and in fact to every kind of furnace
or grate by which heat is produced through combustion, no matter what
kind of fuel may be employed.
The principle upon which my Invention is based is to cause air already
very highly heated instead of cold air to pass through the fuel in the
grate, and I accomplish this without any expense in the following
manner, viz.-I entirely or almost entirely exclude the cold air from
entering the ash pan. I employ hollow fire-bars, which permit the air
to enter in front facing the furnace, and conduct it to the bottom of the
hearth whenever it descends into the closed ash pan, and afterwards
traverses the grate and the coal or other fuel in combustion therein. I
increase the quantity of air introduced by placing all around the grate
in large divisions flues of a large size acting in conjunction with each of
the fire-bars thereof. And generally my Invention consists of an
improved construction of hearth supplied with air heated prior to its
introduction to the furnace, grate, or stove.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters filed
by the said Casimer Deguine in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
1st March 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CASIMIR
DEGUINE, of 7, Rue Montebello Capecure, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, a
give and grant unto me, the said Casimir Deguine, Her special license
that I, the said Casimir Deguine, my executors, administrators, and
'assigns, or such others as I, the said Casimir Deguine, my executors,

page_text: administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN HEARTHS, SUCH IMPROVEMENTS BEING APPLICABLE TO ALL KINDS OF OVENS,
FURNACES, STOVES, AND FIRE-PLACES," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Casimir Deguine, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and scals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Casimir Deguine, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
The object of this Invention is the construction of a licarth equally
adapted either to kitchen ranges, steam boilers, puddling furnaces,
furnaces in glass works, and in fact every kind of furnace or grate by
which heat is produced through combustion, no matter what kind of
fuel is employed, which admits hot air through the fire-bars and fuel for
the purpose of combustion instead of cold air, as is the case with hearths
of the ordinary construction.
Hitherto the hearths of ovens, furnaces, &c., have generally received
air from the outside in that part called the ash-pit situate immediately
beneath the grate, whence it enters between the fire-bars, and passing
through the fuel assists in its combustion, but this method is attended
with the disadvantage of the air reaching the grate at a very low
temperature.
The principle upon which my Invention is based is to cause air already
highly heated to pass through the fuel in the grate, and I accomplish
this in the following manner :-I entirely or almost entirely exclude the
cold air from the ash pan, and I employ hollow fire-bars, which permit
the air to enter in front facing the furnace, and conduct it to the bottom
of the hearth and to the closed ash pan, and afterwards the air passes

page_text: Figure 1 shews at C³, C, how the fire-bars rest upon their bearer or
support A, and at C³ is shewn the method of adjusting them upon the
support B and fluc D³. D, D', are flues resting on the walls at the two
sides of the fire-place. They are made hollow, and of the shape shewn
in Figure 2, and are open in the front part. They are united underneath
to a similar flue piece D, having in its centre a partition & and two
apertures d, d', so that the air which enters at the flue D escapes through
the opening d, and that which enters the flue D' escapes through the
aperture d', and passing up the flue in the brickwork enters the ash pan
through the apertures d³, d. Figure 6 represents these flues with-
diaphragms or central partitions Ds of such a form that the exterior air
entering by the openings D', D', passes round D³, and escapes to the ash
pan by the openings D°. E is a shelf or plate of cast iron resting upon
the front fire-bar lug or bearer A, and upon a support or bar e.
E¹ is
another shelf or plate resting upon the
and upon the same support or bar c.
which the cinders are to fall, can either be placed close to each other or
have a small opening left between them, as may be desired; or the ash
pan may be shut up by a vertical partition on the façade, or by doors of
sheet iron. F is a cast-iron shelf or plate placed at the lower level of
the grate. a is the return end of the fire-bar lug A at the level of the
grate.
hinder fire-bar lug or bearer B,
These two shelves E, E', upon
The action of this furnace is extremely simple. The ash pan being
previously closed the exterior air comes between the two shelves or
plates a* and F, introduces itself into the hollow bars forming the grate,
and at the extremity C¹ descends into the ash pan G, where it again
ascends, passing through the grating and the fuel thereon.
It will be readily understood that the fresh air passing through each
of these red-hot bars reaches the closed ash pan at a very high tempe-
rature, and again escaping passes between the fire-bars of the grate, and
assists the combustion of the fuel thereon at this high temperature. The
flues D and D¹ are intended to augment the quantity of hot air admitted
to the grate.
Figures 4 and 5 shew the application of my improved flucs to steam
boilers. The air enters through the opening L, passing along the hori-
zontal flue to the extremity of the fire grato, then descends and passes
out by the opening L', passing then between the bars of the grate.

page_text: Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and how the same may be carried into practical operation,
I would have it understood that I do not confine myself to the precise
details and form of construction, as the same may be varied in many ways
to suit particular circumstances without departing from the principle of
my Invention; but I do claim and desire to secure by the herein-before
in part recited Letters Patent,—
Firstly. The improved construction of hearth with hollow fire-bars
and flues for the purpose of heating air prior to its introduction to the
furnace, substantially in the manner and by the means herein-before
described and illustrated by the accompanying Drawings.
And, Secondly. The application of the principle of my Invention, as
herein-before described, to all kinds of stoves, ovens, furnaces, and fire-
places wherein fuel is consumed, of whatever size, construction, or
material the same may be made.
In witness whereof, I, the said Casimir Deguine, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of January, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.