IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SIZING YARNS, BEAMS, OR WARPS TO BE WOVEN, AND ALSO FOR IMPROVEMENTS CONSISTING IN NOVEL ARRANGE- MENTS AND MACHINERY FOR THE BETTER PREPARING OF THESE YARNS, BEAMS, OR WARPS FOR THE OPERATION OP SIZING
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Bullough, of Baxenden, in the Township of
New Accrington, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist, for the Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SIZING YARNS, BEAMS, OR WARPS
TO BE WOVEN, AND ALSO FOR IMPROVEMENTS CONSISTING IN NOVEL ARRANGE-
MENTS AND MACHINERY FOR THE BETTER PREPARING OF THESE YARNS, BEAMS,
OR WARPS FOR THE OPERATION OP SIZING."
Sealed the 28th June 1864, aud dated the 4th January 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Bullough at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th January 1864.
I, JAMES BULLOUGH, of Baxenden, in the Township of New Accrington, in
the County of Lancaster, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SIZING YARNS, BEAMS, OR
WARFS TO BE WOVEN, AND ALSO FOR IMPROVEMENTS CONSISTING IN NOVEL ARRANGE-
MENTS AND MACHINERY FOR THE BETTER PREPARING OF THESE YARNS, BEAMS, OR
WARPS FOR THE OPERATION OF SIZING," to be as follows:-
The first part of my Invention relates to that description of sizing machines
knows as the "double sizing machine," in which the yarn from two sets of
back beams is sized at once, and wound upon two weaver's beams simulta-
neously. In these machines the yarn bas hitherto passed in as many distinct
and separate sheets as there are back beams through the bealds and reed. In

page_text: the sizing machine called the "slasher "the yarn passes under and over the
back beams alternately, and the healds and reed are dispensed with, but the
yarn from one set of beams only is sized at a time, and is wound on one
weaver's beam only, so that the "slasher" is only a single machine. The
double machine above alluded to was found to be impracticable, in con-
sequence chiefly of the breakages of the threads incidental to healds and reed,
and the difficulty of piecing or replacing these broken ends, and also in
consequence of its requiring a creel twice the usual length, which caused the
sheets of yarn to be of uneven tension and unsteady. The "slasher" before
mentioned obviates these defects, but it is only a single machine, and my
improvements consist in combining the double machine and the slasher, so as
to form a "double slashing machine." In one arrangement of creel having
two sets of back beams in one length, I pass the yarn alternately under and
over each beam of the first set, and conduct the compact sheet of yarn thus
formed into the size trough. I also pass the yarn under and over each beam
in the second or back set, and conduct the sheet thus formed over guide
rollers at a convenient distance above or below the first set of beams, and then
down or up, as the case may be, into the size trough. Or I place one set of
beams above the other set, so as to form what may be termed a two-storey
creel, the upper storey being placed at any convenient height, or it is balanced
by weights, so that it can be raised or lowered as required. The yarn in each
set passes under and over its respective set of beams, and passes over rollers
into the size trough. In order to reduce the number of beams, whether in
single or double sizing machines, I re-beam two or more beams simultaneously
on to one, for the purpose of simplifying the working of these beams, as well
as shortening the creel. To accomplish this object I use a frame holding a
series of back beams, and also a large flanged beam at one or both ends, and
give revolving motion to all these beams by means of lattices or endless
aprons, so as to give them uniform surface speed and steadiness, the series of
back beams increasing in the number of revolutions in ratio with their
decrease in diameter, and the large flanged beam or creel beam decreasing in
its number of revolutions in ratio with its increasing diameter. Another
arrangement of giving motion to the creel beam is by means of a worm
working in a worm wheel on the winding-on shaft. Other gearing may be
used provided it secures the object of driving or allowing it to be driven
steadily. At every certain length of yarn that is wound on the creel beam or
creel beams, I insert a series of bands, for the purpose of facilitating the
dividing or opening of the yarn before it arrives at the weaver's beam. In
order to render the conveyance of the beams from the winding-on machine or

page_text: re-beaming machine to the sizing machine, or any other place more con-
venient, I arrange the creels so that one of the frames can be readily removed
or opened like a gate, and employ a tramway or other mechanical contrivance
for transporting the beams. To give motion to these large creel beams when
in the sizing machine, I employ a worm wheel, which is fixed to each shaft or
shafts of the creel beam or beams. In this wheel or worm works, which is
driven by a friction motion, thus allowing the beam or beams to turn only at a
certain uniform speed, and preventing unsteadiness. I also use a novel break
which acts on the flanges or other part of the beams to overcome their
momentum. If the opening bands before mentioned should not be noticed by
the operator in time to stop the machine, it is evident much damage would be
done by their struggling to get through the opening rods and wraith. In
order to prevent this, I apply a self-acting stopping motion, consisting in a
finger or suitable form of lever, which protrudes through the yarn, so that the
opening bands shall act upon this finger before they can get to the opening
rods, and by a suitable mechanical connection the setting-on lever is acted
upon, and the machine. stopped before any damage can be done.
My next improvement is for the purpose of enabling lappers to be more
easily detected. For this object I make use of a number of small rollers
covered with cloth or other material having a darker shade than the yarn
itself. These rollers by revolving in contact with the beams, and being
supported by the sheet of yarn, will seize any loose end which might form into
a lapper on the yarn beam, and will lap it round itself, where it will be easily
seen before it has gone far. On all beams where the yarn comes off from the
under side these clearer rollers can be applied.
My next improvement is to regulate the speed of the friction winder-on.
This I accomplish by means of a pair of cone drums, or other mechanical
equivalent, whereby the speed of the friction can be accommodated to the
varying diameter of the winding-on beam. I next employ two or more cone
drums, applicable to either single or double machines, for the purpose of
dispensing wholly or partially with change wheels for marking length of cuts
in the yarn. One of these cones is driven by gearing from the measuring roller,
and drives the other by means of a cord, strap, or other convenient means.
The driven cone gives motion to a shaft on which is a snail, and this snail
acts upon an upright, at the top of which is a horizontal lever, between which
and the marking box is the sheet of yarn to be marked. These cones are
either smooth, or are grooved concentrically. It is evident that by moving
the band which drives the cone to the right or left of the centre, the cone will
revolve quicker or slower, and so cause the shaft with the snail fixed to it to

page_text: revolve quicker or slower, and as every revolution of the snail by acting on
the upright gives a mark, it is evident these marks may be made to recur
more or less frequently in a given time, thus marking short or long lengths,
according to the position of the driving band.
In the double sizing machine I also propose to have two immersion rollers,
that is, one for each sheet of yarn or series of beams. These rollers are
placed at different depths in the size for keeping the sheets of yarn apart until
they have passed through the size trough, so that the two sheets of yarn will
separate more easily on their way to their respective weaver's beams.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Bullough in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
4th July 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
BULLOUGH, of Baxenden, in the Township of New Accrington, in the County
of Lancaster, Machinist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said James Bullough, Her special license that I, the said
James Bullough, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said James Bullough, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully.
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention,
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SIZING YARNS, BEAMS, OR WARPS TO BE
WOVEN, AND ALSO FOR IMPROVEMENTS CONSISTING IN NOVEL ARRANGEMENTS AND
MACHINERY FOR THE BETTER PREPARING OF THESE YARNS, BEAMS, OR WARPS
FOR THE OPERATION OF SIZING," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said James Bullough, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Bullough, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say) :-
The first part of my Invention relates to that description of sizing machines
known as the "double sizing machine" in which the yarn from two sets of
back beams is sized at once and wound upon two weaver's beams simulta-
neously. In these machines the yarn has hitherto passed in as many distinct
and separate sheets as there are back beams through the bealds and reed. In
the sizing machine called the "slasher" the yarn passes under and over the
back beams alternately, and the healds and reed are dispensed with, but the
yarn from one set of beams only is sized at a time and is wound on one weaver's
beam only so that the "slasher" is only a single machine. The double machine
above alluded to was found to be impracticable in consequence chiefly of the
breakages of the threads incidental to healds and reed, and the difficulty of
piecing or replacing these broken ends, and also in consequence of its requiring
a creel twice the usual length which caused the sheets of yarn to be of uneven
tension and unsteady. The "slasher" before mentioned obviates these defects,
but it is only a single machine, and my improvements consist in combining the
double machine and the slasher so as to form a "double slashing machine."
In one arrangement of creel having any number of back beams in one length
I pass the yarn alternately under and over each beam of the first set and
conduct the compact sheet of yarn thus formed into the size trough. I also
pass the yarn under and over each beam in the second set or back set, and
conduct the compact sheet thus formed over guide rollers at a convenient
distance above or below the first set of beams, and then down or up as the case
may be into the size trough. Or I place one set of beams above the other set
so as to form what may be termed a two storey creel, the upper storey being'
placed at any convenient height. Or it is balanced by weights so that it can be.
raised or lowered as required. The yarn in each set passes under and over its
respective set of beams and passes over rollers into the size trough. In order
to reduce the number of beams, whether in single or double sizing machines,
I rebeam two or more beams simultaneously on to one for the purpose of
simplifying the working of these beams as well as shortening the creel. To
accomplish this object I use a frame holding a series of back beams and also a
large flanged beam at one end and give revolving motion to all these beams by
means of a lattice or endless apron so as to give them uniform surface speed
and steadiness, the series of back beams increasing in the number of revolutions
in ratio with their decrease in diameter, and the large flanged beam or

page_text: re-beamed creel beam decreasing in its number of revolutions in ratio with its
increasing diameter. Another arrangement of giving motion to the large
flanged beam is by means of a worm working in a worm wheel on the
winding-on shaft. Other gearing may be used provided it secures the object
of driving or allowing it to be driven steadily. In large re-beaming machines
I employ two frames which can be fastened together or separated from each
other, and place in one frame the series of back beams and in the other frame
the large flanged beam, this latter frame being supported on wheels so that it
can be transported with facility to and from the sizing machine or any other
place. At every certain length of yarn that is wound on the large flanged
beam I insert a series of opening bands for the purpose of facilitating the
dividing or opening of the yarn before it arrives at the weaver's beam. The
yarn itself in pulling off gives motion to these large flanged beams when in the
sizing machine, there being a break which acts on the flanges or other part of
the beams to overcome their momentum when necessary. If the opening
bands before mentioned should not be noticed by the operator in time to stop
the sizing machine, it is evident much damage would be done by their
struggling to get through the opening rods and wraith. In order to prevent
this I apply a self-acting stopping motion consisting in a finger or suitable
form of lever which protrudes through the yarn so that the opening bands
shall act upon this finger before they can get to the opening rods, and by a
suitable mechanical connection the setting-on lever is acted upon and the
machine stopped before any damage can be done.
My next improvement is for the purpose of enabling lappers to be more
easily detected. For this object I make use of a number of small rollers
covered with cloth or other material having a darker shade than the yarn
itself. These rollers by revolving in contact with the beams, and being
supported by the sheet of yarn will seize any loose end which might form into
a lapper on the yarn beam and will lap it round itself where it will be easily
seen before it has gone far. On all beams where the yarn comes off from
the under side, these clearer rollers can be applied.
My next improvement is to regulate the speed of the friction winder-on.
This I accomplish by means of a pair of cone drums or other mechanical
equivalent whereby the speed of the friction can be accommodated to the
varying diameter of the winding-on beam or beams in either single or double
sizing machines. I next employ two or more cone drums applicable to either
single or double sizing machines for the purpose of dispensing wholly or
partially with change wheels for marking lengths of cuts in the yarn. One of
these cones is driven by gearing from the measuring roller and drives the other

page_text: by means of a cord, strap, or other convenient means. The driven cone gives
motion to a shaft on which is a snail, and this snail acts upon an upright at
the top of which is a horizontal lever, between which and the marking box is
the sheet of yarn to be marked. These cones are either smooth or are grooved
concentrically. It is evident that by moving the band which drives the cone
to the right or left of the centre the cone will revolve quicker or slower, and
so cause the shaft with the snail fixed to it to revolve quicker or slower, and
as every revolution of the snail by acting on the upright gives a mark, it is
evident these marks may be made to recur more or less frequently in a given
time, thus marking short or long lengths according to the position of the
driving band. In the double sizing machine I also have two immersion
rollers, that is, one for each sheet of yarn or series of beams. These rollers
are placed at different depths in the size for keeping the sheets of yarns apart
until they have passed through the size trough, so that the two sheets of yarn
will separate more easily on the way to their respective weaver's beams.
These improvements will be clearly understood by the following particular
description thereof, reference being had to the Figures on the accompanying
three Sheets of Drawings, and to the letters marked thereon.
Figs. 1 and 2 are longitudinal sections shewing different arrangements of
back beams for a double slasher sizing machine; Fig. 3, a longitudinal section
of the beams of a re-beaming machine worked by a lattice or endless apron;
Figs. 4 and 5 are end and side elevations of one of my large flanged beams
worked by a lattice or endless apron; Fig. 6, a side elevation of a similar
beam worked by a worm and worm wheel; Fig. 7, a longitudinal elevation of
my improved double slasher sizing machine; Fig. 8, a front elevation, and
Fig. 9, a plan, of part of the same; and Figs. 10, 11, and 12 are detached
views of some of the parts.
In Fig. 1 I represent two sets of back beams in one length, the beams a
being of large diameter, in consequence of having been re-beamed, and the
beams 6 of the ordinary size, but any suitable number of beams may be used
for each set either with or without having been re-beamed. The yarn passes
alternately from under and over the first set of beams in a compact sheet to
the size trough, and the yarn from the second or back set passes under and over
the beams, and is conducted in a compact sheet to one or more guide rollers,
as at c, from whence it passes to the size trough.
In Fig. 2 I represent a two storey creel, in which one set of back beams & is
placed above another set of back beams e. The upper creel d is placed at
any convenient height, and is. balanced by weights, so that it can be raised or

page_text: lowered as required, or I raise and lower it by a windlass or any other known
mechanical contrivance.
In Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6, I shew some of my improved arrangements for
re-beaming two or more beams simultaneously on to one large flanged beam.
In Fig. 3, f represents the back beams, and g the large flanged beam. The
yarns h pass from the top of the back beams to the large flanged beam, and in
order to give motion to all the beams at a uniform surface speed, I place
them in contact with a lattice or endless apron i, which passes over the
rollers k, under the rollers 1, and over the driving roller m. To the said lattice
is fixed a number of lags n, the ends of which come in contact with guides
for preventing the lattice from moving unequally sideways. On the shaft of
the beam m there is a driving pulley o, which gives motion to the lattice, and
drives all the beams at a uniform surface speed, and the lattice is kept tight
by the lever and weight p.
In another arrangement I place the back beams in the same manner as in
the creel of the single slasher sizing machine, and allow the yarns to pass
alternately under and over the beams to the large flanged beam without the
employment of a lattice under the back beams, in which case I work the
large flanged beam by itself either with a lattice or by means of a worm and
worm wheel working in connection with cone drums, for the purpose of
regulating the surface speed.
In Figs. 4 and 5, I represent a large flanged beam placed in a suitable
framework, and worked by a lattice, but separated from the back beams from
which the yarn has to be re-beamed on to the said large flanged beam, and in
Fig. 6 I shew a similar large flanged beam worked by a worm and worm wheel.
In the aforesaid Figs. 4, 5, and 6, 9 represents the beam; r, the beam
shaft; and s, the framework, which is placed upon wheels t, for transporting
it from place to place with facility, and the frame is also provided with a
catch u, for the purpose of locking it to the creel frame of the rebeaming
machine, and also to the frame of the sizing machine.
In Figs. 4 and 5 the large beam is driven at a uniform surface speed by the
lattice v, which is guided by rollers, and driven by the driving roller w, to
which is fixed the driving pulley x, the lattice being kept tight by the lever y
and weight 2, and as in this case the lattice is only used to drive the large
beam, the back beams must be turned by the yarn only; the lattice is
prevented from moving sideways by means of the guide wheels a² and guide
plates b'.
In Fig. 6 I fix to the shaft of the large flanged beam a worm wheel c¹ into

page_text: which is geared the worm d¹ fixed to the shaft e¹, having at the other end a
bevil wheel gearing into a bevil wheel g', fixed to the shaft of a cone
drum h', connected by a strap k, with the cone drum l', which cone drums
work in the frame of the re-beaming machine, the shaft e¹ being provided with
friction discs when required.
For the large flanged beam having the yarn of three or more back beams
wound upon it, opening bands are required to be placed at some certain length
of the yarn as it is being re-beamed, but when two back beams are re-beamed
on to one beam opening bands may be used or not at the discretion of the
operative, but when opening bands are used I find it convenient to have a
stopping motion for stopping the sizing machine previous to the near approach
of bands to the opening rods, in order to give notice of their position, and the
necessity of care being taken by the operative to prevent damage.
This system of re-beaming I employ for single and double sizing machines,
there being for the single machine either one large beam with all the yarns of
the back beams re-beamed or rewound upon it, or the yarns re-beamed upon
two beams or three beams, as may be required, and for the double machine
there are two large flanged beams, each having all the yarns required for one
weaver's beam re-beamed or rewound upon it, or four beams, each having half
of the yarn for the weaver's beam, or three beans with one-third of the yarn,
and so on as may be required, and it is evident that when these large beams
are used the creels are much shortened, which in many cases is of great
convenience, especially with old sizing machines and places with limited space.
These re-beamed beams are transported and secured to the sizing machine, and
although apparently so large, they give off the yarn with great facility, the
tension of the yarn as it passes through the sizing machine being sufficient to
turn the beam, but when required I press a pad or break against the outer
side of one of the flanges of the large beam, for the purpose of preventing any
overrunning. In some cases I turn the beam for giving off the yarn to the
sizing machine by a lattice, as shewn in Figs. 4 and 5, it being only necessary
to give a reverse motion to the driving roller and lattice.
For the purpose of enabling lappers to be easily detected I employ a number
of small rollers covered with cloth or other material having a darker shade
than the yarn itself. These rollers are shewn at n', Fig. 2; they are placed
between the flanges of the beams, and roll on the sheet and rub against the
yarn on the bearing as the said yarn is coming off from the under side. The
of the yarn and turning of the beams cause the rollers to turn and
take up any broken ends, the said rollers being used at the creels of both the
sizing and re-beaming machines.
passage

page_text: In the longitudinal elevation, Fig. 7, of one of my improved double slasher
sizing machines, it will be seen that the framework, cylinders, and many of
the parts are similar to the ordinary slasher, but instead of having a single
sheet of yarn passing through the machine to be beamed on a single weaver's
beam, I have two sheets passing through to be beamed on two weaver's
beams; the said beams being each worked by separate cone drums, separate
friction discs, and separate gearing so as to be perfectly independent of each
other; the friction being so regulated that the power of both beams is only
sufficient to pull the yarns through the machine, and therefore if from any
cause one beam should be held or cease to wind on, the other beam must of
necessity stop for want of power, and thereby prevent any derangement of the
warps or yarns. This double machine necessitates the employment of two
strap forks and parts connected with them, and also two markers, one for each
sheet of yarn. These two warp or weaver's beams are shewn at o', p¹,
Figs. 7, 8, and 9, and one sheet of yarn passes over the rollers q¹, r, to the
lower weaver's beam, and the other sheet of yarn over the rollers q', s', to the
upper weaver's beam; and in order to make the beams independent of each
other I employ the following arrangement of mechanical parts:-The driving
shaft of the machine is shewn at t', having at one end the driving pulley ',
and to this shaft I fix two cone drums v', w¹, connected by the straps a¹ and y¹
to two separate cone drums a, b, each on a separate shaft, and one for each
weaver's beam. To the shaft of the cone drum a² I fix the pinion c gearing
into the spur wheel d on the shaft e, which extends across the machine, and
has fixed to its other end a spur wheel f, Fig. 10, gearing into the spur
wheel g fixed to the driver or carrier of the lower weaver's beam. The boss
of the wheel d³ is connected to the disc ², both being loose on the shaft e²,
and the disc h is in contact with another disc i³, held by a feather to the
shaft e. Between the discs there is a layer of cloth or other suitable
material, and both discs are pressed together by the screw and nut k² and the
spring 1, and the back of the boss is pressed against the collar m³, so that
they hold the said wheel d to the shaft by friction, and enable it to be
turned by the pinion c², and thereby give revolving motion to the weaver's
beam, there being a separate screw and strap worked in the usual manner for
shifting the strap on the coue drums for regulating the speed of the friction
discs, and consequently of each weaver's beam as it increases in diameter.
For giving motion to the upper weaver's beam I fix on the shaft of the cone
drum ba pinion n gearing into the carrier spur wheel o², to the boss of
which is fixed a bevil wheel p, both working loose on a stationary stud.
This bevil wheel p² gears into the bevil wheel 2 fixed to the shaft, carrying

page_text: at the top the bevil wheel 2, which gears into the bevil wheel t³, working
loose on the carrier shaft u³, and having connected to it the loose disc v³, the
other disc w² being held to the shaft by a feather, and a friction material being
placed between the two discs, which are pressed together, and the boss of the
wheel ta pressed against a collar on the carrier shaft u³ by a screw, nut, and
spring, so as to give sufficient friction to the discs to turn the upper weaver's
beam, the cone drums regulating the speed of the discs and beam according
to its increasing diameter; and this improved mode of turning the weaver's
beam by friction I also apply to the single slasher sizing machine.
One arrangement of self-acting stopping motion for stopping the motion of
the double slasher sizing machine before the opening bands can arrive at the
opening rods, is shewn in Fig. 7. At or about the middle of a cross shaft a
I fix a finger or lever 63, which protrudes through the yarn, and at one end of
the shaft I fix a cam or tappet c', so that when an opening band comes in
contact with the finger a side motion shall be imparted to it, and upward
motion to the said cam or tappet c³. The stop rod, to which the setting-on
handles are connected, is shewn at d³, and when the finger is moved by an
opening band motion is given to the said rod so as to stop the machine, in the
following manner:-On the boss of the wheel o³, Figs. 7 and 10, I fix an
eccentric e³ for giving to-and-fro motion to an arm f³ connected at the
bottom to one end of the horizontal rod g³, which carries the upright bar or
projection h³, and rests near the end on the before-mentioned tappet c³, and
the extreme end of the rod is attached to a spring ³, so that as the eccentric e³
revolves the rod g³ has a reciprocating motion to and fro. To the framework
I joint an arm 73 in contact with a finger m³ on the stop rod d³, and at the
middle of the arm there is a stud n³, so placed that when the reciprocating
rod is raised, the projection h³ comes in contact with the stud n³, and moves
the arm ³ and stop rod d³ and stops the machine, and as this projection h³ is
always raised by the tappet c³, when the finger 63 is moved sideways by an
opening band, the machine is stopped with great certainty, and no damage
takes place.
One of my improved arrangements for dispensing wholly or partially with
change wheels for varying the movement of the marking apparatus for
marking lengths of cuts in the yarn, and to be used in either single or double
machines, is shewn in Figs. 7, 8, 9, 11, and 12. For this purpose I employ
for each sheet of yarn in the double machine two cone drums o³, 23, and work
one drum of one pair by gearing from the measuring roller q', and one drum
of the other pair by gearing from the measuring roller q³. To the shaft of the
roller q is fixed a bevil wheel 3 gearing into the bevil wheels on the shaft t³,

page_text: at the other end of which there is a worm u³ gearing into a worm wheel v³,
fixed to the cone drum 03, which drives the other cone drum p³ by a cord or
band kept to its proper tension by a weight and pulley a. On the shaft
of each driven cone there is a snail y³, Figs. 11 and 12, which acts as it
revolves on a vertical slide 3, at the top of which there is a horizontal lever,
with a long arm a' and a weighted arm 6', and between the end of the long
arm a and a roller c', which revolves in the marking box d', the sheet passes
to be marked at the exact time required, the snail gradually lifting the slide
until the longest radius of the snail is in its highest position, and when the
snail has moved onwards the slide and lever suddenly fall and cause the end
of the arm a to strike the yarn upon the marking roller and mark the yarn.
The marking apparatus for the top sheet of yarn is worked in a similar
manner from the lower measuring roller q³. It is evident that by moving
the band w³, which drives the cone from the right or left of the centre, the
cone will revolve quicker or slower, and cause the snail to revolve quicker or
slower, and as every revolution of the snail causes a mark to be made on the
yarn, it is evident these marks may be made to recur more or less frequently
in a given time, thus marking short or long lengths according to the position
of the driving band on the cone drum.
In the double sizing machine I also, in some cases, have two immersion
rollers in the size trough, as shewn at e and f, Fig. 7, that is, one for each
sheet of yarn. These rollers are placed at different depths in the size for
keeping the sheets of yarn apart until they have passed through the size
trough, so that the two sheets of yarn will separate more easily on their way
to their respective weaver's beams; and although in the Drawing the bottom
roller is shewn immediately below the other roller, it may be placed sideways
and nearer to the upper roller.
Having now described the nature and particulars of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire it to be distinctly
understood that I claim,-
First, the improved arrangements of the creels or back beams for double
sizing machines.
Secondly, the system of re-beaming the yarn of two or more beams simul-
taneously on to one for the purpose of simplifying the working of the beams,
as well as shortening the creel, either in single or double sizing machines;
and also the modes of giving the beam or beams uniform surface speed by
means of a lattice or endless apron, or a worm wheel and worm working in
connection with cone drums.
Thirdly, the system of inserting a series of opening bands in the yarn of the

page_text: large flanged beam during the process of re-beaming for the purpose of faci-
litating the dividing or opening of the yarn before it arrives at the weaver's
beam.
Fourthly, the self-acting stopping motion for stopping the motion of the
double sizing machine before the opening bands can arrive at the opening rods.
Fifthly, the employment of rollers covered with cloth or other material
of a darker color or shade than the yarn itself, for enabling lappers to bo
easily detected.
Sixthly, the employment of two pairs of cone drums for regulating the
surface speed of two weaver's beams in the double sizing machine.
Seventhly, the employment of two friction discs for giving motion in
connection with gearing to the two weaver's beams of a double sizing
machine, and also the employment of a similar friction disc for the weaver's
beam of a single sizing machine.
Eighthly, the employment either in single or double sizing machines
of cone drums for dispensing with the large number of change wheels hitherto
used in the marking apparatus, and also the application to the said sizing
machines of the snail, levers, and marking roller for the purpose of marking
the yarn at various lengths of cuts.
And, ninthly, in double sizing machines the employment, when desired, of
two immersion rollers for keeping the two sheets of yarn apart from each
other until they have passed through the size trough, as all such improve-
ments are herein described and illustrated in the accompanying three Sheets
of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Bullough, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Second day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named James Bullough,
in the presence of
E. J. HUGHES,
JAMES BULLOUGH. (L.S.)
Patent Agent,
Manchester.