IMPROVE- MENTS IN CARRIAGES FOR COMMON ROADS.
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Hart, of 79, New Bond Street, in the
County of Middlesex, Coach Builder, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CARRIAGES FOR COMMON ROADS.`
Sealed the 28th August 1874, and dated the 7th July 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Hart at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th July 1874.
I, SAMUEL HART, of 79, New Bond Street, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Coach Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES FOR COMMON ROADS," to be as
follows:-
First. The improvements are for the making of the seats of carriages,
such as waggonettes and phaetons, to divide in the middle, and allowing
of them to open to admit of persons getting into the seats from behind
in lieu of their getting into the seats by the side of the wheels behind
and over the wheel in front of the carriage as now is done. I carry out
my Invention as follows:-I make the seats in two parts of the seat move

page_text: "
simultaneous, thus that when one side of the seat is pulled towards you
the other half side will go from you and leave sufficient space for persons
to pass through, and by the pushing of one half of the seat in its place
The means I
again it will close together the two parts of the seat.
employ to effect this is the use of a cog wheel working between two
racks, and I also can, instead of the racks and cog wheel, use a lever
fixed to the bottom of the flooring of the carriage joined in the centre
with rods. At the two ends of this lever, working in grooves and fixed
to the two parts of the divided seat of the carriage; the action of the
seats will be the same as the other plan, and shewn in Drawings, Figure 1
and Figure 2 showing the two plans.
Figure 1 shows plan with front of seat removed, with apparatus fixed
to flooring of carriage; A, A, divided seat; B, cog wheel; c, c, two
racks; D, D, two guides; F, F, framing of carriage. Figure 2, divided
seat; B, lever; C, C, two rods; D, D, two guides; E, E, two brackets
to fix the two parts of the seat to.
Secondly. In the making of carriages with moveable heads to open
and close by mechanical means so as they can be worked up or down
with the greatest of ease, and kept up firmly with this apparatus in con-
nexion with the present outside joints or without them, as shewn in the
two following Drawings, Figure 3 and Figure 4.
Figure 3 shows one quarter of a carriage head. A, lever to cantrail;
B, lever to lock C and lever A; D, bracket; E, locker for rod to pass
up E rod; G, spiral spring; H, a bracket; I, lever; J, pillow; K, cant-
rail; L, nut to spring rod; M, bracket on elbow.
Figure 4. A, lever fixed to cant rail; B, tube; C, lock; D, bracket;
E, socket; F, rod; G, spiral spring; H, cantrail; I, pillar; J, outside
joint. This plan can be used with or without the outside joints, cach
quarter of the carriage to be fitted up similar.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Samuel Hart in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 6th January 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
HART, of 79, New Bond Street, in the County of Middlesex, Coach
Builder, send greeting.
.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Samuel Hart, Her special licence,
that I, the said Samuel Hart, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Samuel Hart, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CARRIAGES FOR COMMON ROADS," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Samuel Hart, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Hart, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
-
First. The improvements are for the making of the seats of carriages,
such as wagonettes and phaetons, to divide in the middle and allowing
them to open to admit of persons getting into the seats from behind in
lieu of their getting into the seats by the side of the wheels, behind and
over the wheels in the front of the carriage as now is done. I make the

page_text: seat move simultaneous, thus that when one side is pulled towards you
the other half side of the seat will go from you and leave sufficient
space for persons to pass through the opening, and by the pushing of
one half of the seat in its place again the two half seats will close
together again. The means I employ to effect this is the use of a cogt
wheel working between two racks, and I also use other methods, as levers
with guides and a right and left hand screw with sockets to travel on
them, so that when one seat is moved it will move the other also. The
action of the seats will be all similar but moved by different plans, as
shewn in the following Drawings.
Fig. 1 shews a plan with part of seat removed, with apparatus fixed
to flooring of carriage. A, A, divided seats; B, cog wheel; C, C, two
racks; D, D, two guides to keep the two half seats steady; E, E, two
brackets to fix the two half seats to; F, framing of carriage; Fig. 2, a a,.
divided seats; B, lever; c, c, two rods; d, d, two guides; E, E, two 1
brackets attached to guides d, d, and also fixed to the two half
seats.
Fig. 3 shews the method of using the screw shaft for moving the two
half seats. a, a, the two half seats; b, b, the screw shaft with a right
and left hand screw; c, c, right and left hand sockets to work on screw
shaft with brackets attached to fix the two half seats to; d, d, d, bearings
for screw shaft to revolve in; E, E, two brackets and also forming guide
rods for the two half seats working through the two brackets fixed to
the two half seats a, a; F, framing of carriage. Fig. 4 is also a plan
of divided seats. a, a, two half seats; b, lever fixed by a pin to floor
of carriage; c, c, two levers pinned to brackets d, d; these brackets are
fixed to the two half seats a, a; F, frame of carriage.
Secondly. The improvements consist in the making of carriages with
moveable heads to open and close by mechanical means, so that they
can be worked up or down with the greatest of ease and kept up firmly
with this apparatus in connection with the present outside joints or
without them, as shewn in the four following Drawings, Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8.
Fig. 5 shows one quarter of a carriage head. a, lever fitted to cant
rail; b, lever pinned to lever a and to lock c; d, bracket; E, socket for
rod to pass up; F, rod; g, spiral spring; H, bracket on pillar; I, lever
fixed to bracket H and socket E; J, the pillar; K, the cantrail; L, nut
to tighten spring; M, bracket on elbow.

page_text: Fig. 6 is a plan that can be used with or without the outside joints.
a, lever pinned to cantrail; b, tube for lever a to work in; c, the lock;
d, bracket; E, socket; F, rod; g, spiral spring; H, cantrail; I, pillar;
j, outside joint. By raising the cantrail it will release the lock c and
allow the head to fall down, and when the pillar is raised again it will
relock itself in lieu of raising the cantrail to unlock it.
inside the carriage to pin K, so that by depressing it will
rail.
I fix a lever
raise the cant-
Fig. 7 is a method of keeping the head up without the outside joints.
a, lever to cantrail; b, lever connected to bracket d and the forked
pieces H forming the lock; c, c, two rods connected to lever b;
E, spiral spring; F, rod; i, bracket to fix spring rod to; K, nut to
tighten spring; j, cantrail; when raised will unlock part H, and allow
the head to fall.
Fig. 8 shews a method, of using plan, as shewn in Fig. 6, to single
coverings to carriage heads. a, a, the hood or covering; b, the body
frame; c, the hoop stick; d, bracket; E, the lock; F, lever pinned to
the bracket d, and also to socket g; H, lever to release the lock E and
allow the head to fall; I, spiral spring; J, spring rod; K, nut to rod
to tighten spring; L, bracket to elbow; the lever H will relock the
head again when raised. This plan can be used with or without the
outside joints. Each quarter of the carriage is to be fitted up alike by
any of the plans shewn.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Hart, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Sixth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.