out of Paper Pulp or Analogous Material.
Year: 1886

page_text: out of Paper Pulp or Analogous Material.
I BRUNO MEINERT Engineer of Berlin in the Kingdom of Prussia German
Empire do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
In all methods hitherto known or practised of making hollow articles or vessels
out of paper material the paper material has been employed in the form of paper
or pasteboard-The latter material has been used for making large vessels such as
casks that require to be as firm and durable as possible but such vessels have
failed to answer well in use because pasteboard consists in most cases merely of
sheets of paper superficially connected with each other by being subjected to
pressure when wet and these sheets can generally be very readily separated from
each other-There are other methods of making these articles and vessels in which
the moisture is abstracted from the material by means of suction or pressure but
none of the methods hitherto known or used render it possible to make by
centrifugal power alone hollow articles closed on all sides (for instance a cask) and
consisting of one single piece.
The object of this Invention is to enable this last mentioned method of manu-
facture to be successfully carried out by means of a centrifugal machine constructed
according to this Invention I am aware that it is not new to form convex
parallel sided tube shaped or like articles by means of a centrifugal machine with
one axis of rotation but such a machine is not suited to make curved and closed
hollow bodies such as bellied casks with bottoms to them and all in one piece
which requires a machine specially adapted for the purpose with at least two axes
of rotation in different directions whose motions the finely perforated or reticulated
and separable mould has to follow simultaneously The obtainment in a centrifugal
machine of the practical combination of these motions is the main purpose of this
Invention I will explain a machine constructed according to my Invention with
reference to the accompanying drawing Figure 1 is an elevation partly in section
and Figure II is a plan also partly in section of a machine constructed according to
this Invention-The main axis A B carries the ring S and is rotated to produce
the centrifugal force-The secondary shaft C D is fixed diametrically on the ring
and at right angles to the axis A B The directions of the two axes cross each
.

page_text: other in the centre of gravity of the cask mould which is screwed or otherwise
secured on to the shaft CD so that when the axes are rotated the cask mould is
operated or moved into varying positions as indicated by dotted lines in figure 1 in
such a way that the paper pulp is cast both against the convex surfaces and the
bottom sides of the mould The paper pulp enters in to the mould through the
hollow end support of the shaft CD from the distributor V and is supplied whilst
the machine is working through a channel in the quadrant Q₁ of the ring S This
channel is continued in main shaft A B as far as the cock H by which the quantity
of pulp that has to be admitted every time can be measured Subsequently air of
several atmospheres pressure is conducted from the other end of the axis A B from
the air valve J into the mould This is done with the object of further expelling
moisture and for compressing the deposited pulp.
It is necessary to regulate the motion of the shaft CD according to the shape
and thickness of the sides of the closed hollow body to be produced and with the
object of providing for this an intermittent motion is given to the shaft C D by
means of a screw wheel fixed on to it at D and gearing into a screw spindle u v
situated below it (see figure II) On this screw spindle is a disk i with four
projections one of which comes in contact at each revolution of the ring S with the
projection d which is placed near the machine as shewn in figure 1 By means of
this the screw spindle turns the shaft C D and the position of the mould is altered
correspondingly the centrifugal force of the shaft A B operating at the same time.
As the work continues the mould assumes various positions such as are indicated
for instance in figure 1 by dotted lines This constant change of position can be
interrupted for a longer or shorter space of time as may be desired in order to vary
the deposit of the paper pulp for which purpose the projections of the disc i are
• prevented from coming into contact with the projection This can be done while
the machine is working by pressing down the hand lever h which is secured on to
the same shaft as the projection d The entire regulation is thereby very simply
and readily effected The shaft CD must be well packed at V which acts as the
distributor of the paper pulp and of the compressed air This is done by means of
a conical piece in the box m (Figure II) put under constant strain or elastic
pressure exercised by the two steel straps qq which when the shaft C D is fitted
in place bring their pressure to bear axially on the part n of the shaft This part n
serves further as does also the top ring to close the axle box l for the shaft C D-
By this means the shaft C D can be fitted in or taken out quickly and safely so as
not to necessitate the stopping of the machine for a long time when the moulds
have to be exchanged Where closed hollow bodies or vessels are to be formed in
which the two holes left in the convex surfaces owing to the shaft CD passing
through them are not to be used as filling holes or for similar purposes these
openings can be left in any other places for instance in the heads or ends b b
(figure II) In this case the shaft C D is replaced by two fixed short axes secured
to the rib work of the mould This rib work is then constructed hollow in part
and is used to conduct the liquid material from the hollow-gudgeon at m to the
place where it is required to enter In this case the screw fittings s s (figure II)
are not applied as shewn in the drawing but are removed to the place of the
ribs xy The separable mould can be constructed as desired as it in itself alone
forms no part of the present Invention.
The machine can even when rotating very quickly be stopped quite easily by
means of the break P which is pressed by means of the eccentric E shaft F and
hand lever T against the brake disk K The starting of the machine is effected by
the clutch R acting on the friction coupling M and operated by the parts G t
and g.
Strong pillow blocks for the shaft A B rest in the supports L' L' and L³.
Although I have mentioned paper pulp as the material which I use in manu-
facturing articles by my machine I do not of course limit myself to the use of the
machine for paper pulp as any other substance which can be operated upon in the
machine may be used
J
L

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
First. The manufacture of hollow vessels or articles closed on all sides (with
the exception of the small fitting holes) from paper pulp or similar material by
means of centrifugal force applied substantially as hereinbefore described in such a
way that a deposit of fibres or material is formed on the inner sides of a finely
perforated or reticulated and separable mould and is thereby sufficiently compressed
or felted and compressed to be ready for drying and finishing.
Second. In combination with the manufacture as claimed by the preceding
claiming clause the use of compressed air for the purpose of compressing the paper
pulp or like material still more in the mould substantially as described.
Third. A machine for the purpose described arranged so that the mould is
given simultaneously a motion round axes of different directions the respective
ratio of their revolutions remaining constant or varying substantially as herein-
before described.
Fourth. The shaft C D in combination with its elastic packing (m) its starting
screw spindle uv and projections i and d by which change in position can be
effected whilst the machine is working all substantially as herein before described
and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.