matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED INFLATED UNDULATING ARTIFICIAL BUST
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Redgrave at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th August
1860.
I, WILLIAM REDGRAVE, of 24, Wood Street, Lambeth, in the County of
Surrey, Clothier, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED INFLATED UNDULATING ARTIFICIAL BUST," to be as follows:-
I propose to improve the female figure when nature has denied or accident
disfigure the usual form by supplying the want artificially.
I make my
artificial bust of any sort of air-tight material, cutting, shaping, and sewing,
or otherwise attaching the parts in such manner as when the material is
inflated with air it will produce the form or shape required. The bust may
be made in more than one piece, if desired, and if so made the parts may be
attached the one to the other by a flat, round, or other shaped hollow elastic
band or tubing, to allow the passage of the air from one part to the other. I
inflate the whole by means of tubing passing from any part of the artificial
bust for that purpose, stopping the end thereof by a plug valve, or any con-
trivance which will prevent escape of the air. The artificial bust is either to
be covered of a material which will represent the natural appearance of flesh;
or silk, cambric, lawn, or other material is to be prepared to present such
appearance, and the artificial bust is to be covered therewith. It may be
attached to the stays or fitted in any convenient manner. It will serve as a
chest preserver from cold, and protect the natural, bust from blows or accident.
A NEW SYSTEM OF PHOTOGRAPHIC OR DAGUERREAN APPARATUS OR OBJECTIVE TO BE CALLED KORN'S POLYOGRAPH
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Adams Knight, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th October
1860. A communication from abroad by Charles Felix Korn, of 35,
Boulevart Bonne Nouvelle, Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, JOHN ADAMS KNIGHT, of the International Patent Agency, No. 4,
Symond's Inn, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW SYSTEM OF PHOTOGRAPHIC
OR DAGUERREAN APPARATUS OR OBJECTIVE TO BE CALLED KORN'S POLYOGRAPH," to
be as follows:-
This Invention relates to photographic or daguerre apparatus or objective
which may be used for both near views (such as portraits, &c.) and for distant
views (such as landscapes and reproductions) by means of an easy change
in the relative position, or removal of the different parts of the apparatus or
objective.
The apparatus or objective used for taking near views (or portrays) in
the ordinary way having two lenses, the outer one of which has a wide broad
inlet, and for distant views (such as landscapes and reproductions) having
only one lens with a smaller inlet of light limited by diaphragms of various
sizes. I do not change the system of objectives used in these two different
cases.
But the Invention I have made consists in so mounting the said outer
lens on suitable tubes fitted with diaphragms and screw threads that {sup-

page_text: posing said apparatus or objective to be fixed on the camera obscura in the
usual way for taking near views (such as portrays)} the outer lens with its
tubing and diaphragms, or place for the same, may be unscrewed from the
tubing appertaining to the inner lens, and the inner lens with its tubing and
appurtanances being unscrewed from the camera obscura, the outer lens with
its tubing, diaphragms, and appurtances may be inverted or turned round bodily
and screwed on the camera obscura, thus forming or procuring at once a
perfect apparatus or objective for taking distant or extensive views, such as
buildings, landscapes, and reproductions of large objects or paintings and vice
versa.
A NEW OR IMPROVED ROPE PORTER TO BE USED IN STEAM PLOUGHING OR CULTIVATING
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John King and Frederick Southam
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 18th June 1860.
We, JOHN KING, of Wellesbourne, in the County of Warwick, Farmer, and
FREDERICK SOUTHAM, of Eatington, in the County of Warwick, Blacksmith,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
ROPE PORTER TO BE USED IN STEAM PLOUGHING OR CULTIVATING," to be as
follows:-
The ordinary rope porter used in steam ploughing or cultivating consists of
a pair of wheels working on the ends of a shaft or axle, a bar being attached
to the middle of the said shaft or axle at right angles thereto, by which said
bar the said axle and wheels can be drawn along. An upright situated on
the said bar near the shaft or axle carries a pulley, which works in a vertical
plane parallel to the shaft or axle. The rope of the steam plough or cultivator
is passed over the said pulley, and when the plough or cultivator approaches
the rope porter an attendant lifts the bar into a nearly vertical position. The
rope is thereby thrown off the pulley, and the rope porter may be withdrawn
from the path of the plough or cultivator.
In our new or improved rope porter the upright which carries the pulley is not
fixed rigidly to the bar which supports it, but turns upon a joint on the said
bar. The said upright can be fixed or held in a vertical position by a lever
jointed to the bar carrying the upright, the said lever carrying at its short end

page_text: a stop or catch, which engages with the upright and fixes it vertically. The
said lever is pressed upon by a spring to make it act upon the upright.
When it is wished to throw the rope off the pulley, the lever is pressed and
disengaged from the upright carrying the pulley, and the bar of the porter is
slightly raised. The upright carrying the pulley immediately falls slightly
beyond the two wheels of the axle or shaft, by which means the rope is released
from the pulley, and falling against the front of the wheels, the rope porter
is forced back or assisted back out of the path traversed by the plough or
cultivator.
Our new or improved rope porter is much more easily and rapidly worked
than the ordinary one, the attendant being able to remove it at a moment's
notice on the near approach of the plough or cultivator with the ordinary
rope porter; this is attended with considerable difficulty and uncertainty, and
when not removed in time, the rope porter is run into and broken; with our
new or improved rope porter this difficulty and uncertainty are obviated. The
end of the bar of the porter is turned up that it may the more readily move
on the ground.
We prefer to make the pulley in which the rope bears of wood, but we do
not limit ourselves to any material.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OP PRESERVING VARIOUS ALIMENTARY SUBSTANCES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Stevens at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th September
1860. A communication from abroad by Madame Louise Fauve, of 42,
Rue Laffite, Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, CHARLES STEVENS, Manager of the British & Foreign Office for Patents,
1B, Welbeck Street, Cavendish Square, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD
OP PRESERVING VARIOUS ALIMENTARY SUBSTANCES," (& that it has been com-
municated to me from abroad by Madame Louise Fauve, of 42, Rue Laffite,
Paris, in the Empire of France,) to be as follows:-
The mode of preservation is nearly the same for each of the substances to
which it is applied, varying in a slight degree according to their nature. For
preserving beans, to every 10% pints I use 17 pints of water, 8 oz.
13 drms of salt, and about 9 oz. of parsley, whilst for French beans and endive
to 11 lbs. of the vegetable about 21 pints of water and 9 oz. of salt. This
water, in which the vegetables and fruits are put for a longer or shorter time
according to their nature, must be boiling, the salt being thrown in whilst in
that state. The vegetables on being withdrawn are dried with a cloth, and
subjected to the heat of an oven, the heat varying from 35° to 40° Reaumur.
With slight variations in the quantities of the water, salt, and parsley, various
vegetables may be preserved, such as celery, spinach, asparagus, cauliflowers,
green peas, potatoes, artichokes, truffles, mushrooms, tomatoes, &c. In

page_text: operating on cabbages, carrots, & turnips, a small quantity of powdered basil
is added. By these means the vegetables will keep without deterioration for
two years, if packed up hermetically and kept in a dry place.
When required for use the preserved vegetables should be first placed in
cold water, and then boiled for 25 minutes, when they are ready for the
table.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO LOOMS FOR WEAVING AND THE TOOLS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Howarth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th May
1860.
I, THOMAS HOWARTH, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Roller Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO LOOMS FOR WEAVING AND THE TOOLS
EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a simple and economical mode or method of
chasing roller temples used in looms for weaving, and to an improved mode of
fixing temples to the framing of looms.
According to this Invention it is proposed to cut or chase the circumferential
or spiral grooves on roller temples by means of dies in lieu of a cutting tool
and turning lathe as hitherto, and then to cut or chase the longitudinal
grooves so as to complete the teeth in the ordinary or other convenient manner.
The dies employed must be so formed as to make a cut with one vertical
edge or side, and one inclined or bevilled side, so that the teeth will hold firmly
into the fabric, and produce the desired lateral tension thereof. The advantage
of this mode of cutting or chasing temples is that the circumference of the
roller or cylinder may be recut or chased without necessarily reducing its
diameter. In fixing double side temples to the loom framing, cach temple is so
adjusted as to revolve freely on a stationary stud pin, which is fixed by a set
screw into a slotted bracket at the side of the loom framing, by which means

page_text: either temple can if required be adjusted higher or lower so as to cause them
to press more or less upon the cloth according to its texture. The slotted
brackets are carried by a rod passing under the cloth and fixed with two
springs.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR CUTTING SOFT AND HARD STONES IN OPEN QUARRIES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Armand le Blanc de St.
Just at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 5th January 1860.
I, LOUIS ARMAND LE BLANC DE ST. JUST, of the British & Foreign Office
for Patents, No. 1, Welbeck Street, Cavendish Square, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED MACHINE FOR CUTTING SOFT AND HARD STONES IN OPEN QUARRIES," to bo
as follows:-
The machine moves on iron rails, and cuts the stone by means of twelve
pickaxes about 30 inches in length; they are bolted to a cast-iron plate of 60
inches in diameter; these plates are five in number. The boiler is tubular, and
is furnished with cylinders, the connecting rods of which act on the same shaft
with a double crank. Two pullies on this shaft communicate the movement
to two other pullies, the shaft of which is held by two supports on windlasses
placed in front of the machine; the same shaft carries two pullies, commu-
nicating movement to two others fixed on the shaft, and bearing the five
plates cach arned with twelve pickaxes as above shown. The machine when
placed on the rails runs from one extremity of the quarry to the other, cutting
the stone in a straight line; on arriving at the end it is made to go back, the
rails being placed obliquely, so that on arriving at the side it began at, it is in
position to commence a second cutting. On the windlasses above mentioned
two cords are rolled, and which pass on a pulley fixed at the opposite end of the

page_text: quarry to that the machine starts from; the shaft held by two supports on the
windlasses bears also two excentrics, whose rods govern two half iron hoops
furnished with a groove, by means of which the amplitude of their oscillations
is increased according as the rods are placed more or less near the centres of
oscillation. The half hoops have each at their lower part a catch which
governs a ratchit wheel fixed on a shaft bearing two endless screws, one
having the worm to the right, the other to the left; each of these screws gears
with a wheel with helicoidal teeth fixed on the shaft of the wooden drums,
forming the windlasses, forces each to turn, and the two ends of the cord
winding up, the machine is obliged to advance, drawing as it does on a cord
fixed at the other end of the quarry. On the machine having completed a
run, cutting the stone a determined depth, the scythes or pickaxes are raised by
means of a screw, and the machine is backed to where it was started from.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Reeves at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th November
1860.
I, JOHN REEVES, of Brooklyn, New York, in the United States of America,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in so constructing the hulls of ships generally as to
render them more secure and prevent any evil effect through straining when
in a heavy or rough sea.
I propose placing stays or braces across the ship's hull diagonally from the
top sides of the ship down to the bottom, said stays or braces crossing each
other, and may be either of timber secured by plates and bolts, or of iron; in
which case they may be fitted with turnbuckles, so as to tighten or slacken the
braces as may be required.
In steam vessels I propose placing a pair of the before-mentioned stays or
braces close to the bulkhead of the engine room, and another pair close to the
bulkhead of the boilers; between the boilers and engines should be set one or
more pairs of the said stays, and which, if made of iron and fitted with turn-
buckles, can be removed and replaced at pleasure.
In sailing vessels two pairs of the wooden braces ought to be placed as near
as practicable to the berths of the fore and main masts, and others in such
places as the build of the vessel may render necessary.
AN APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE COLLECTION OF MONEY ON COUNTERS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean François Felix Leroux at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st February 1860.
I, JEAN FRANÇOIS FELIX LEROUX, of No. 44, Rue Volta, Paris, in the
Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE COLLECTION OF MONEY ON COUNTERS," to be
as follows:-
This apparatus is composed of a wooden or metallic frame of any required
form and dimensions, in which is stretched a sheet of vulcanised caoutchouc
or other elastic material or tissue. This frame is either placed on the surface
of the counter or sunk to a certain distance so as to form a tablet or receptacle
on or in which the monies are thrown, a blank space of about an inch in
depth being reserved below the elastic sheet. The slight pressure exerted by
the fingers in the act of removing the money placed on this sheet depresses it
sufficiently to permit of even the smallest coin being picked up with the
utmost ease. A metallic testing plate may, if required, be fixed at any
convenient part of the apparatus.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PUMPING ENGINES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Barclay at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents. ☐ his Petition, on the 24th August
1860.
I, ANDREW BARCLAY, of Kilmarnock, in the County of Ayr, North Britain,
Engineer, do hereby.declare the nature, of the said-Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PUMPING ENGINES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the arrangement and construction of steam engines
which are more particularly applicable to the raising of water from mines and
other similar places.
Under one modification the cylinder of the engine is arranged at the side of
the mouth of the shaft up which the water is to be raised. The cylinder is
bolted down to a suitable substructure or foundation and is placed upon this,
so as to stand quite clear of the mouth of the shaft, or it may project to a
small extent over it. The piston rod is connected to an overhead beam; the
connection to this beam is not made at the centre, but at such a distance from
the end as to allow of the front extremity overhanging the mouth of the con-
tiguous shaft, and admit of the easy connection of the pump rods thereto. The
other portion of the beam, which may be about three parts of its length from
the point of connection with the piston rod, extends backwards away from
the mouth of the shaft, the extremity of the beam being jointed to a vertical
rocking shaft, which serves to sustain the overhanging end. The air pump
is conveniently arranged between the cylinder and the end rocking shaft, the
pump rod being connected to the beam overhead.

page_text: In engines arranged in this manner the pump rods are connected directly
to the overhanging portion of the beam, so that they are perfectly free from
any obstruction, and may be readily disconnected without interfering with any
part of the engine, which is wholly out of the way' of 'the pumping gear.
The arrangement of these engines may also be modified, so as to have the
cylinder fitted above the beam. In this case the beam is arranged in a cavity
made in the foundation or other convenient position. The fore end of the
beam projects over the mouth of the shaft, so as to be clear of the other parts
of the engine, and the other working details are arranged in any convenient
manner.
In lieu of this mode, the cylinder may be placed on one side of the shaft,
and the beam arranged to extend across the shaft. The extremity of the
beam is connected to the piston rod, and the pump rods are attached to the
beam at the part which is directly over the mouth of the shaft.
These engines while they possess the advantages of the beam engine, are
much more economical in prime cost, as the expense of a costly foundation
and house is avoided, at the same time all the parts are easy of access.
IMPROVED SHIPS' SIGNALS FOR DAY AND NIGHT
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Carlyle Elayward at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th October 1860.
I, THOMAS CARLYLE HAYWARD, the younger, of Highbury Park, North,
in the County of Middlesex, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVED SHIPS' SIGNALS FOR DAY AND NIGHT," to be as
follows:-
My Invention of improved ships' signals for day and night relates to a novel
system of, and mode of constructing signals to be used by ships. The mecha-
nical contrivances used for ships' signals by night are different from those used
by day, but the system of telegraphic signals to indicate certain signs or words
is similar in both cases. On board ship signals by day are usually made with
flags of different colors or combinations of colors, but under some circumstances
it is extremely difficult to distinguish the colors of some of the flags, the
system of signalling by flags is also complicated and difficult to understand.
For day signals in place of flags I employ collapsible hollow balls or globes
of say 18 inches diameter, and made of any light suitable material adapted to
a light metallic or whalebone frame; something like an umbrella frame.
These collapsible balls are attached to a vertical rope or mast, and are provided
with strings or cords whereby their collapsible frames may be worked up or
down for the purpose of opening or closing the globe. Three, four, or more of
these globes or balls may be used in combination, and various signals may
be made by opening or closing one, two, or more of them according to the

page_text: signal intended to be produced. For night signals instead of the collapsible
balls or globes, I make use of the same number of lamps or lanterns arranged
in the same order as the balls, but instead of obscuring the light by means of
an opaque shutter, and thereby altering the combination I merely alter the
color of any of the lights either by lowering the same opposite to a colored
glass or by drawing up a colored glass before the light. It will be understood
that by altering the combination of the plain and colored glasses a very large
variety of signals may be produced.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN ARTIFICIAL GUMS AND SETTING AND STOPPING TEETH
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Macintosh at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th May
1860.
I. JOHN MACINTOSH, of North Bank, Regent's Park, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ARTIFICIAL GUMS AND SETTING AND STOPPING TEETH," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to the manufacture of artificial gums.
Hitherto such gums have been made from metal, bone, india-rubber. or
gutta percha, but the two latter are absorbants, and the former leave an
unpleasant taste, and are very objectionable to tender gums. To obviate
these defects I apply a thick external coating of collodion, coloured to look
like the natural gum, and by which means I am enabled to make the basis of
the gum of gluc, gellatine, wood, papier maché, wire, ribbon, or any other
suitable material.
Secondly, to the fixing of artificial teeth. For this purpose I make as
large a channel through the tooth as is consistent with strength, and making
the top and bottom of the orifice wider than its centre, by which means I am
enabled to force a larger quantity of collodium (the same colour as the tooth)
into the orifice, in order to fix it securely to the base. In some cases I use
wire surrounded with collodium in attaching teeth to the base or gums; I also
undercut the tooth in order that a portion of the artificial gum may be forced

page_text: into the undercut, which adds to the security of the tooth, and prevents the
external coating from separating from the neck of the tooth.
In stopping teeth I use collodium, or a compound of collodium, and press it
into the decayed part of the tooth while in a hot state. The stopping may be
made the same colour as the tooth.
When it is desired to make artificial gums from dental rubber, I enclose
the models with the dental rubber in a metallic vessel filled with water, and
having a cover which is securely fastened; the whole is subjected to a
temperature of about 815° Fahrenheit. To the cover is attached a stop-cock
and thermometer for indicating the temperature. The heat may be applied
by any ordinary means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TAR PAPER, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS MAY ALSO BE APPLIED TO SEVERAL OTHER USES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eugène Hédou at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th July 1860.
I, EUGÈNE HEDOU, of 2, Rue Sainte Appoline, Paris, (Empire of France),
and of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TAR PAPER, WHICH
IMPROVEMENTS MAY ALSO BE APPLIED TO SEVERAL OTHER USES," to be as follows,
that is to say-
Hitherto tar paper has been made with old ropes and cloth containing tar
after being suitably worked and reduced to a pulp, which mode of manufacture
presents various defects. My Invention has for object to obviate such
defects, and consists in employing pulp made of any suitable material, and
afterwards treating the same with a tarry liquid or composition prepared as
herein-after described. I prepare the tarry composition by boiling, for
instance, about eleven gallons of tar with about the same quantity of vege-
table glue, as employed in the manufacture of paper. After about three hours.
boiling I pour into the mixture about 6 gallons of boiling water; I well mix,
then boil for five minutes. In a vessel of suitable size, and holding about 180°
gallons of water, I place about 110 pounds of potato or other suitable.flour,-
taking care to saturate it completely, which done, I pour into the vessel. the-
tar dissolved with the vegetable glue with about 33 gallons of boiling water;
the whole is well stirred till the tar becomes incorporated with the flour and
forms a tarry composition, which may be used in the proportion of about 27

page_text: gallons per 220 pounds of paper pulp. The paper thus prepared may be
coloured or shaded and varnished on one side, as required. The tar dissolved
with the vegetable glue may be employed for tarring and for preparing various
substances to increase their duration, such as ropes and cords, sail cloth, tent
covers, and other articles, wood for ships, and other uses. These applications
may be made either in the hot or cold state, and under strong pressure from a
pump or hydraulic press.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Augustus Huddart and
Joseph Durham Erskine Huddart, at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 16th March 1860.
We, GEORGE AUGUSTUS HUDDART and JOSEPH DURHAM ERSKINE HUDDART,
both of Brynkir, in the County of Caernarvon, Gentlemen, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING AND
APPLYING MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the obtaining of motive power from the
centrifugal force of a body moving around a fixed or moveable centre in an
orbit of rotation of any form.
I propose, for example, to attain this end by the following mechanical
arrangements:-I place two pairs of ordinary governor balls of equal weights
on separate spindles. These balls are driven by means of variable gear, so that
one pair shall be accelerated, while the other pair will be retarded in its
motion, and vice versa. The pair undergoing acceleration would, owing to
their centrifugal force, expand themselves or recede from one another, and by
the intervention of suitable gearing would raise the end of a vibrating beam
mounted on a fixed axis; the other end of the beam would be lifted in its
turn by the accelerating of the other pair, and a vibrating or oscillating
motion will be communicated to it.
Another method to attain the same object would be, by fixing a heavy body
on the end of an arm, which should be mounted on a pivot at or near one end
of a vibrating lever. The heavy body and arm is to be kept in rotation about

page_text: its axis, and this heavy body or ball while performing one half of its orbit of
rotation, would by its centrifugal force pull its axis, and the end of the lever
(on which it is fixed) in one certain direction, and during the other half of
the orbit of rotation the centrifugal force would urge the axis and lever in the
opposite direction.
The axis may either be fixed on the end of an oscillating lever, or it may
be made to work in a rectilinear, or other suitably formed slot.
The object may also be attained by rotating a heavy body around a pivot,
which may either be placed on the periphery of a wheel driven at a variable
speed, so that the centrifugal force thereof may be greater in one part of
its revolution than in the other. Thus, if the body is caused to increase in
speed always at the same part of its orbit a constant force will be produced on
the pivot in one direction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL. SPECIFICATION left by John Hall at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd August
1860.
I, JOHN HALL, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Tea Dealer, do
hereby declaro the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING
MACHINES," to be as follows:-
I obtain the necessary motions for the feed needle and shuttle from a cam
or eccentric fixed to the under part of the machine; I connect one end of a rod
to the said cam or eccentric, and the other end to a plate under the feeder and
vertical needle, the motion thus communicated gives the necessary horizontal
movement to the feeder and shuttle. The vertical motion of the needle and
needle holder is also obtained by a roller working in a groove on the said cam
or eccentric, communicating motion to a lever or arm outside the machine
extending to the needle holder, the motion thus given constituting the vertical
movement of the needle and holder; I regulate the length of the stitch by a
screw outside the machine, which acts upon the feeder, and I wind the thread
or silk on the shuttle bobbin by the action of the driving wheel; I fix two
small spindles in brackets or bearings outside of the machine, one of the said
spindles having a disc large enough to come in contact with the periphery of
the driving wheel, the other small spindle has a spring upon it, so that the
shuttle bobbin being placed between the two spindles, the spring holds it in its
proper position, and when the driving wheel revolves it turns the said spindles
by the disc, and consequently the bobbin also, by which motion the thread or
silk is wound on it.
THE APPLICATION OF STEEL. OR IRON TO THE MANUFACTURE OF COLLARS AND WRIST- BANDS TO BE WORN AS ARTICLES OF CLOTHING
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Fanshawe Atkinson at.
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th August 1860.
I, CHARLES FANSHAWE ATKINSON, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Steel
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, for "THE
APPLICATION OF STEEL. OR IRON TO THE MANUFACTURE OF COLLARS AND WRIST-
BANDS TO BE WORN AS ARTICLES OF CLOTHING," to be as follows:-
I claim to use steel or iron rolled or in any other way worked into thin
plates of a shape and size suitable, fastened with hands, pins, or in any other
way, and with a facing or covering of paint, japan, enamel, or other
substance, to the manufacture of collars to be worn round the neck and
on the wrists, to answer the purpose now fulfilled by linen or other collars or
wristbands.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRESERVATION OF MEATS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gabriel. Doidi at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
August 1860.
I, GABRIEL DOIDI, Half Moon Hotel, 131, High Street, Borough, South-
wark, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRESERVATION OF MEATS," to
be as follows:-
The blood in salted meats being the cause which impedes their preservation,
it is necessary to find a simple and easy means of separating it from the meat,
and then instead of throwing it away as refuse, to extract the blood from the
brine or pickle to utilize it usefully as a fattening food.
When the pieces of meat are ready to be salted, they are tied in bags with
pulverized muriate of soda (sel marin or common salt), when they are suffi-
ciently impregnated with salt they are arranged in barrels, which are imme-
diately closed.
At the expiration of the 8th day the barrels are filled with brine or pickle
prepared in the following manner :-The muriate of soda, sel marin or
common salt is melted in ordinary water till the water may be sufficiently
saturated with the salt. As a test, a fresh egg ought to float on the top of the
pickle. The pickling barrels are filled with this liquid, and they are stirred
about night and morning.
After three or four days the brine or pickle which has become impregnated

page_text: with blood is drawn off into a vessel. All these charges of brine or pickle are
placed one after another into a copper, in which they are heated at a moderate
fire, and when the scum is well risen it is taken off with a skimmer. When
scum no longer rises to the surface of the copper the fire is removed, and the
pickle is strained through a linen or woollen strainer. This strained pickle
put to cool till the following day in vessels used purposely for it..
is
The next day the same brine or pickle may be placed again in the pickling
vessels, which have been kept without the pickling liquid-for twenty-four hours.
When the vessels have had all the brine or pickle drawn off so often as to
cease to be colored with blood, they are again filled with the brine or pickle
saturated with the salt; they are fastened up hermetically, and it will be found
that this mode of preparation will preserve the meat perfectly either in cold or
hot climates for a very long period.
That which I claim as the novelty of my process is, 1st, the preservation of
meat by the complete extraction of the blood by a repetition of the steepings
of the meat in the brine or pickle described; and 2ndly, the purification of the
brine or pickle by boiling, so that: the-same brine or-pickle may be used again
'and again until process of extraction of the whole-blood.has been completed.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN PORTE-MONNAIES AND CERTAIN OTHER PORTABLE RECEPTACLES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lippmann Jacob Levison at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd February 1860.
I, LIPPMANN JACOB LEVISON, of 18, Helmet Row, in the Parish of Saint
Luke, and County of Middlesex, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN PORTE-MONNAIES AND CERTAIN
OTHER PORTABLE RECEPTACLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for object an improvement in porte-monnaies and certain
other portable receptacles, which I produce in the following manner :-I
manufacture or combine in a piece, or into one article, two porte-monnaies or
receptacles in such manner, and having the junction or part common to each
such that each of the two sides or receptacles may be caused to drop or fall
upon or against the other somewhat book wise, so that both would occupy
only about the same superficial space that one would do, and the article may
be spread, extended, or opened out, with its sides flat or nearly so, separated
at their further or outer ends in a similar manner to the opening of a book
If desirable, one of the receptacles may be to contain coin, and the
other postage stamps, tickets, cards, or similar articles, or otherwise as pre-
ferred. Each or either side or receptacle may be divided into compartments
or divisions as desirable. Each or either receptacle may be provided with
fastenings, which may be on the same or on different sides, and of the same
or different metals or materials. It must be understood that though each
side forms a distinct receptacle or set of receptacles, the two compose but
one article.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN SPECTACLE FRAMES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Olorenshaw at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th July
1860. A communication from abroad by Louis Strite Fellows, of New
York, in the United States of America.
I, JOSEPH OLORENSHAW, of the Firm of James Hoddell and Company, of
Coventry, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN SPECTACLE FRAMES," to be as follows:-
The said Invention consists of the method herein-after explained of con-
structing the frames of spectacles, whereby the insertion of glasses in the said
frames and their removal therefrom is much facilitated and the joints of the
spectacles made stronger than joints of the ordinary construction. In making
spectacle frames according to the said Invention, the joints by which the
side bows of the frame are hinged to the front of the said frame, or the part
carrying the glasses, are not formed directly upon the glass holders, but between
each of the said glass holders and side bows is a spring. The said spring is
formed of a piece of flattened wire or metal bent into a loop, the ends of the loop
being soldered to the glass holder at the part where the joint is usually formed.
The middle part of the loop is flattened and the joint is attached to the said
flattened part. The introduction of the said springs gives such elasticity to
the glass holders that the said glass holders can be readily expanded so as to
permit of the insertion and removal of the glasses without the unscrewing of
the joints which is necessary in spectacles of the ordinary construction owing

page_text: to the greater depth of the joint; the said joint is stronger than the ordinary
spectacle joint. It is preferred to make the bezel narrower on the outer side
of the glass holders and insert and remove the glasses from that side. By the
pressure of the fingers and thumb the glass holders may be expanded sufficiently
to allow of the introduction and removal of the glasses.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STAYS FOR STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Cheetham Hill at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th Septem-
ber 1860.
I, HENRY CHEETHAM HILL, of Stalybridge, in the County of Chester,
Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STAYS FOR STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in rendering the stays of steam boilers
elastic or yielding to a certain extent, after which they become rigid, the
object being to allow the ends of the boiler to expand with the flues or tubes,
and then to be firmly held by the stays. In performing my Invention, I make
the stays with open tie bars, and I place a cross piece at or near the centre
of the opening of the tie bars. When the boiler is cold the tie bars are at
some distance from the cross piece, but when the heat of the fire expands the
flues, the ends of the boiler in expanding cause the tie bars to collapse until they
touch the cross piece, after which the stay becomes rigid. I sometimes apply
springs between the tie bars and the cross piece, or I make the tie bars in
separate pieces, one part acting on a spring, and the others acting on a box
containing the spring. The arrangement of the tie bars acting on springs
may be considerably modified.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING FIBROUS MATERIALS, TISSUES, OR OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Lafon St. Cyr, Auguste
Joseph Grignon, and Philippe Rome at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 29th December 1860.
We, JEAN LAFON ST. CYR, AUGUSTE JOSEPH GRIGNON, and PHILIPPE ROME,
all of Paris, France, Gentlemen, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING FIBROUS MATERIALS, TISSUES,
OR OTHER FABRICS," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in reducing the pizzle or genital part of bulls or oxen
into a fibrous state, either by beating, pressing, rolling, or any suitable means,
and afterwards spinning the said fibres alone or mixed with other suitable
materials, such as flax, hemp, cotton, silk, wool, or others, and form yarns there-
from, from which yarns any suitable tissue or fabric may be manufactured, if
required, with the addition of yarns made of any other suitable textile material.
The fibres obtained from the said pizzles may also be applied to the manufac-
ture of paper, card, or pasteboard by being mixed in any suitable proportion
into the ordinary pulp from which these latter were hitherto made.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Dusautoy, of Laverstoke, in the County of
Southampton, Paper Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER."
Sealed the 3rd July 1860, and dated the 5th April 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Dusautoy at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th April
1860.
I, CHARLES DUSAUTOY, of Laverstoke, in the County of Southampton, Paper
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus used in the
manufacture of paper. For this purpose, in place of the "hog" or other stir-
ring apparatus heretofore employed in order to keep up a uniform circulation
of the pulp in the vat, and to keep it in an equally intermixed state, a hori-
zontal plate or instrument, by preference somewhat hollow on its upper side, is
used, and it is caused continually to rise and fall a short distance slowly,
parallel to and near the bottom of the vat or vessel containing the pulp; but
the plate or instrument may be made to rise and fall at an inclination to the
bottom. This rising and falling of the plate or instrument may be accomplished

page_text: in
any convenient manner, but it is preferred that the plate or instrument
should be fixed to the lower end of an arm or bar, which at its upper end is
cranked, so as to pass out of the vat or vessel and pass through two slides.
which are guided between upright guides, such slides receiving an up-and-
down motion by means of two excentrics, or otherwise; by these means the vat
is independent of the mechanism, there being no shaft or axis passing through
the sides or other part of the vat.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TAPS AND VALVES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Nasmyth at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th May
1860. A communication from Charles Bacqueville, Mechanic, of No. 23,
Quai de la Haute Deule, Lille, in the Empire of France.
I, THOMAS NASMYTH, of 31, Rue de l'Etoile, Brussels, in the Kingdom of
Belgium, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TAPS AND VALVES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in taps and valves, and is
applicable to that description of taps and valves in which conical rotating
plugs having transverse passages formed through them are employed, and
consists in so constructing taps and valves of this description that the plug
may be kept down in its seat by the pressure of the steam, water, or other
fluid, the flow of which is regulated by the tap or valve.
For this purpose in place of the handle by which, the conical plug is turned
being formed on the top of the plug as heretofore, it is connected to the
smaller end of the plug, and the top of the plug is enclosed within a chamber
formed by a cover screwing on to the top of the shell or barrel of the tap or
valve, a space being left between the top of the plug and the cover; into this
chamber steam, water, or other fluid is admitted through a small passage
leading from the main passage of the tap or valve at the back of the plug, so
that the top of the plug is constantly pressed on by the steam, water, or other
fluid. In some cases in order to prevent the plug being forced too tightly into
its seat, the bottom of the plug may be supported on the end of a screw carried
by a bridge piece from the under side of the shell or barrel of the tap or valve.
IMPROVE MENTS IN CHIMNEY POTS, OR APPARATUS FOR THE TOPS OF CHIMNEYS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Durrant at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th December
1860.
I, JAMES DURRANT, of 63, Warren Street, Fitzroy Square, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE
MENTS IN CHIMNEY POTS, OR APPARATUS FOR THE TOPS OF CHIMNEYS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in chimney pots, or apparatus
for the tops of chimneys. For these purposes in constructing a chimney pot
or apparatus to be placed on the top of a chimney, that part which is fixed at
the top of a chimney I prefer to be cylindrical, though it may be of other form.
At the upper end of this cylinder is formed an enlarged double conical
chamber, produced by the combination of two truncated cones, the opening
out of the upper of the two cones being generally of somewhat less diameter
than the passage through the cylinder or lower part of the apparatus. Over
this double conical chamber is a second double conical chamber, also produced
by the combination of two truncated cones. The lower of the two cones in
each of these chambers is inverted, and the diameter of the upper double
conical chamber is greater than that of the lower double conical chamber.
The inlet and outlet ends of such upper double conical chamber are of larger
diameter than the outlet of the lower double conical chamber. The upper
double conical chamber is secured to the lower double conical chamber by

page_text: means of exterior upright radial plates or partitions, in such manner that the
lower end of the upper double conical chamber comes somewhat below the
upper end of the lower double conical chamber, leaving a space all round to
allow of the outer air passing up into the upper double conical chamber. The
outer edges of the upright radial plates or partitions are made of a curved
form, and they have flanges or projecting plates extending on either side of
their outer edges. At the upper end of the upper double conical chamber is
fixed a cylinder perforated with numerous holes, and above it and at a distance
from it is supported a conical cap. The space between the perforated cylinder
and the cap is sufficient for the free passage of the smoke.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MOULDING THE CAPS OF BOTTLES AND JARS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Wilson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th February
1860.
I, GEORGE WILSON, of the City of York, Glass Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR
MOULDING THE CAPS OF BOTTLES AND JARS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture from glass, papier mâché, clay, or
other plastic material, of caps or covers for jars or bottles, with a screw thread
on their inner periphery. To this end I propose to use a die of a peculiar
construction, which will allow of the cap or cover being moulded therein with
the screw thread formed on it, and released from the die with facility. The
form of die which I prefer consists of a block fitted on its upper face to
receive a removeable ring, which in cross section is a counterpart of the profile
form of the cap or cover. This block is made hollow at its centre and tapped
to receive a vertical screw, which forms the core for the hollow cap, and
presents the upper part of its screw thread to the molten glass or other material
placed in the mould for the purpose of being moulded. Above the dio a
plunger is mounted, the rod of which works in suitable guides, and is operated
by a lever or "fly," as thought most desirable. This plunger is shaped on its
under side to correspond to the form intended to be given to the top of the
cap or cover, and it may when required have a raised or countersunk pattern
formed thereon. To the lower end of the screw core, I apply a handle or

page_text: other contrivance, for rotating the screw, and raising it into and withdrawing
it from the mould. The core having been raised to its proper height, and the
plastic material placed in the mould, the plunger is brought down, and caused
to compress the material into shape; the plunger is then raised and the core
lowered, and the moulded cap is then free to be removed from the die. Instead
of making the core moveable, I may in some cases, as, for example, when
making coarse ware, use a fixed core, and form the removeable ring or profile
die of two or more pieces. By this arrangement the removal of the profile die
will leave the moulded article free to be taken off the core, for which purpose
an axial motion must be given to the cap or cover to release its moulded
thread from the thread of the core.