IMPROVEMENTS CROWNING AND DOWN TRANG MARRIAT.
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Smith Raworth, of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
CROWNING AND DOWN TRANG MARRIAT. "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Smith Raworth
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 5th August 1874.
I, JOHN SMITH RAWORTH, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “ I■-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING FIBROUS Materials,” to
be as follows :—
"
These improvements relate to the bolsters and footsteps, and the
means, of carrying the same, for the spindles of mules, twiners, throstles,
doubling frames, and all machines for spinning, throwing, or twisting
cotton, silk, wool, linen, or other yarns in which spindles are employed
revolving at a high rate of speed.

page_text: The object of the Invention is the attainment of higher speeds with
greater steadiness, and a consequent diminution of wear and tear, noise,
and turning power.
In carrying this Invention into effect I propose to give to the bolsters
and footsteps a certain degree of elasticity, so that irregularities or
eccentricities in the motions of the spindles may be accommodated, and
not aggravated as is the case with rigidly fixed bolsters and footsteps.
This clasticity I obtain in a variety of ways:—
First. By boring the holes in the spindle rails larger than the bolsters
and footsteps, and carrying them (the bolsters and footsteps) by clastic
packings of wood, leather, cork, hemp, india-rubber, or other similar
substances, or by the introduction of spiral, helical, or other springs in
such a manner as to allow the bolsters and footsteps freedom to move
within certain limits, and by carrying the footsteps within or upon
elastic supports of similar materials.
Second. By carrying each bolster separately on an independent arm
or bracket attached to the lower or upper spindle rail, of sufficient
strength to maintain the general normal position of the spindles, but of
sufficient elasticity to allow the necessary accommodation to the
irregular or eccentric motion of the spindles.
This Invention is applicable not only for common bolsters, but also
for such as are elongated into a tube surrounding the blade of the
spindle within the bobbin, as in Gore's doubling frames, which are well
known to the trade.
In the case of very light spindles, such as mules and twiners, sufficient a
strength combined with elasticity may be obtained by fixing the bolstors
in holes bored at the proper distances in a continuous leather strap,
nailed or otherwise fixed to the wooden or iron spindle rail.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said John Smith Raworth, Her special
licence that I, the said John Smith Raworth, my executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Smith Raworth,
my exccutors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Ohannel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR Spinning and DOUBLING FIBROUS MATERIALS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Smith
Raworth, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their bands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to bo
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Smith Raworth, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained "in and
by the following statement," that is to say:
My improvements in machines for spinning and doubling fibrous
materials relate to the bolsters and footsteps of the spindles of mulcs,
twiners, throstles, doubling frames, and all machines for spinning,
throwing, or twisting cotton, silk, wool, linen, or other yarns in which
spindles are employed revolving at a high rate of speed, and to the
means of carrying the said bolsters and footsteps.
The object of the Invention is the attainment of higher speeds with
greater steadiness and a consequent diminution of wear and tear, noise,
and turning power.
In carrying this Invention into effect I propose to give to the bolsters
and footsteps a certain degree of clasticity, so that irregularities or
eccentricities in the motions of the spindles may be accommodated, and

page_text: not aggravated as is the case with rigidly fixed bolsters and footsteps.
This clasticity I obtain in a variety of ways:—
First. By boring the holes in the spindle rails larger than the bolsters
and footsteps, and then supporting the bolsters and footsteps by clastic
packing of wood, leather, cork, hemp, india-rubber, or other similar sub- 5
stances, or by the introduction of spiral, helical, or other springs in such
a manner as to allow the bolsters and footsteps freedom to move within
certain limits, and by carrying the footsteps within clastic supports of
similar materials.
Second. By carrying each bolster separately on an independent arm 10
or bracket attached to the lower or upper spindle rail of sufficient
strength to maintain the general normal position of the spindles, but of
sufficient clasticity to allow the necessary accommodation to the irregular
or eccentric motion of the spindles.
This Invention is applicable not only to common bolsters, but also to 18
such as are elongated into a tube surrounding tho blade of the spindlo
within the bolster, as in Goro's doubling frames which are well known
to the trade.
In the case of very light spindles, such as mules and twiners, sufficient
strength combined with clasticity may be obtained by fixing the bolsters 20
in holes bored at proper distances in a continuous leatlier strap, nailed
or otherwise fixed to the wooden or iron spindle rail, or by making
independent bolsters with flat backs bearing against a continuous leather
strap, and supported in front by screws and elastic washers.
The advantage of these bolsters over those fixed rigidly in the ordinary 25
way consists in their permitting the spindle, flyer, and bobbin to revolve
around their combined centre of gravity instead of compelling them to
revolve around the centre of the spindle, for owing to the warping of
the bobbins and the imperfect condition of the flyers, these two centres
seldom or never accurately coincide.
30

page_text: Fig. 2 is a plan of the bolster b.
Fig. 3 is a section, and Fig. 4 a plan of a portion of spindle rail
showing a bolster supported by elliptical springs instead of packing.
There are six springs marked d. The horizontal section of the bolster is
hexagonal, and the hole in the rail is hexagonal also, and the springs
are introduced between the opposed faces. The hexagonal form is to
prevent the bolsters from turning round, and is applicable also to Figs.
1 and 2, in which case it may be varied by making it squaro or
elliptical.
Figs. 5 and 6 show a similar arrangement, the only difference being
in the shape of the springs, which are crescent, their backs bearing
against the bolster and their points against the spindlo rail.
Fig. 7 is a section, and Fig. 8 a plan of a portion of spindle rail
showing the hole in the rail, and the outsido of the bolster squaro in
horizontal section; d is the clastic packing, but either form of springs
shown in Figs. 3 and 6 may be used with this pattern.
Fig. 9 is an elevation, and Fig. 10 a plan of a method of carrying the
bolsters by clastic arms projecting sideways from the spindle rail; c is
the spindle rail; a, the spindle; d, the elastic arm or bracket made of
iron, steel, or brass; b is the bolster.
Fig. 11 is an elevation, and Fig. 12 a plan of a method of carrying
the bolster by a swan neck bracket attached to the footstep rail and
made light, so as to give elasticity to the bolster; d is the bracket; k is
the footstep rail.
Fig. 13 is a transverse section; Fig. 14, a front clevation; and Fig. 15,
a plan showing the arrangements for mules and twiners; c, is the wood
bar or wood bar lined with metal carrying the bolsters b, a strip of
leather & or other clastic material being interposed; m is a leather
washer; m² is a wood screw, and m³ is a metal washer bearing upon the
leather washer M. The bolsters are separate from each other and are
entirely supported by the leather strip d, and the leather washer m; fis

page_text: JOHN SMITH RAWORTH. (L.S.)
Signed, scaled, and delivered.
Witness,
BENJAMIN ALFRED RAWORTH,
No. 1, Green St.,
Ardwick,
Manchester.