Improvements relating to the Utilization of Heat for the Production of Motive Power and for Refrigerating Purposes, and to Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 18th June, 1891
Complete Specification Left, 11th Mar., 1892-Accepted, 9th Apr., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to the Utilization of Heat for the Production
of Motive Power and for Refrigerating Purposes, and to Apparatus
therefor.
We, Dr. FRIEDRICH OTTO CORNELIUS ZIMMERMANN of Ludwigshafen on
the Rhine, Chemist, and ELIAS GOTTLIEB BEHREND, of Hamburg, Civil
Engineer, both in the Empire of Germany, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
In the Specification of former Letters Patent No. 19098 of Nov. 27th 1889, we
have described a method of and apparatus for utilizing the natural heat of the earth
and sun which is stored up in water and air, for the production of motive power
and for refrigerating purposes in such a manner, that the vapours of liquids having
a low boiling temperature are caused to expand in a steam engine for the
production of power and afterwards re-conducted in a partly liquified state to
the generator.
It has also been set forth by way of example, that in order to increase the
difference in the tensions on both sides of the cylinder of the steam-engine we are
accustomed to conduct the escaped vapours after their utilization, into a liquid,
which will absorb the same. The heat thus set free can again be used as additional
heat in the evaporation or distillation of the volatile liquid (ammonia) employed.
The same result as by absorption of the escaping vapours may also be obtained
in a certain degree by means of a counter-current apparatus serving as a generator,
such as described in the Specification of our said former Letters Patent. This is
preferably effected by dividing the said generator into two parts and connecting
the serpentine-pipe of the one part with the suction-pipe of the feed-pump and that
of the other part with the discharge pipe of the latter.
In this case the water or air enters in that part of the counter-current apparatus,
the serpentine-pipe of which is connected with the discharge pipe of the said feed-
pump and is conducted through the same into the other part, so that the former
merely acts as a generator, while the latter forms a sort of surface condenser for
the vapours escaping from the engine.
By this arrangement the vapours utilized in the engine will become thoroughly
cooled and almost completely liquified before their arrival at the said feed-pump,
which under the circumstances need be only very small in proportion to the
cylinder of the engine, in which the volatile liquid is acting in an evaporated or
gaseous state.
The volatile fluid discharged from the said feed-pump into the serpentine pipe of
the second part or generator of the counter-current apparatus, is then successively
evaporated in the same by means of the surrounding water or air having a
proportionately high temperature, and by the increased tension of the vapours.
caused thereby, the necessary power for driving the engine is obtained.
Dated this 18th day of June 1891.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicants.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to the Utilization of Heat for the Production.
of Motive Power and for Refrigerating Purposes, and to Apparatus
therefor.
We FRIEDRICH OTTO CORNELIUS ZIMMERMANN, of Ludwigshafen, on the
Rhine, Chemist and ELIAS GOTTLIEB BEHREND, of Hamburg, Civil Engineer,
both in the Empire of Germany, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
In the Specification of our former Letters Patent No. 19098 of November 27th
1889, we have described a method of and apparatus for utilizing the natural heat of
the earth and sun which is stored up in water and air for the production of motive
power and for refrigerating purposes in such a manner, that the vapours of liquids
having a low boiling point are caused to expand in a steam engine for the
production of power and are afterwards re-conducted in a partly liquified state to
the generator.
It has also been set forth by way of example, that in order to increase the
difference in the tensions on both sides of the cylinder of the steam-engine we are
accustomed to conduct the escaped vapours after their utilization, into a liquid,
which will absorb the same. The heat thus set free can again be used as additional
heat in the evaporation or distillation of the volatile liquid (ammonia) employed.
The same results as by absorption and distillation may also be obtained by
compression of the escaping vapours, in which case we employ a counter-current
apparatus serving as a generator of the kind described in the Specification of our
said former Letters Patent, and we prefer to construct the counter-current
apparatus in two parts and connect the serpentine pipe or coil of the one part
with the suction pipe of a feed-pump and that of the other part with the discharge
pipe of the latter.
In the accompanying drawing a general plan of our improved arrangement
is illustrated showing the engine in connection with the said counter-current
apparatus.
A and B are the two parts or sections of the counter-current apparatus; the coil
or serpentine pipe a, being connected with the suction pipe of an ordinary feed-
pump C operated by the engine while the coil or serpentine pipe a¹ of section B is
connected with the discharge pipe e* of the said pump C. The vapours partly
liquified by expansion after leaving the cylinder i of the engine, pass through pipe n
to coil a of section A of the counter-current apparatus, wherein they are gradually
cooled and condensed by water or air entering section A through the pipe e*, so
that said vapours will be almost completely liquified as is the case in ordinary
refrigerating machines, before they reach the pipe cº of the compressing-pump C.
In this case the pump is a very small one relatively to the engine-cylinder i in
which the liquified ammonia is acting in a vaporized or gaseous state.
The volatile liquid (ammonia) is thus drawn by pump C from the coil a and
forced into coil a of section B of the counter-current apparatus, which section
constitutes the evaporator proper, water or air of proportionally high temperature
being fed to said section B through pipe e and passes from said section to section A
through the pipes f* and e* serving to gradually evaporate the liquified ammonia
in coil a¹ and to increase the pressure therein as it Hows towards the feed-pipe m
of the engine. A certain volume of vapour of comparatively high tension enters
the engine cylinder i operating by expansion to set the piston in motion.
In consequence of the relatively high expansion, the vapours, controlled by the
valve-gearing of the engine, are returned to the coil a of section A of the counter-
current apparatus through the exhaust pipe n, so that a cycle of operations is
established.

page_text: Instead of warm water, steam or the like may be supplied to the coil a¹ of
section B of the counter-current apparatus through pipe e, the heating medium
being exhausted through pipe f*. The heating agent is supplied to section B only.
while a cooling agent is supplied to section A which may be fed thereto and
exhausted therefrom through pipes ex and f respectively.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven--
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
-
First. The method of generating motive power and cold, which consists in
condensing a vaporized liquid having a comparatively low boiling point and passing
the same through a generator under pressure such as the counter-current apparatus.
described, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Second. The combination with an engine of a counter-current apparatus divided
into two sections A and B, a pump operated by the engine, connections establishing
communication between the coils in said sections through the pump and a com-.
munication between the coil of section B and the valve-chest of the engine:
cylinder i, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Deted this 11th day of March 1892.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicants..