CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF FASTENING AND SECURING TIRES UPON WHEELS FOR CARRIAGES
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Ashe, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Gentleman, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE METHOD OF FASTENING AND SECURING TIRES UPON WHEELS FOR
CARRIAGES." A communication from abroad by William Alsop Ashe, of
New York, United States of America.
Sealed the 22nd November 1864, and dated the 3rd June 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Ashe at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
June 1864.
I, FREDERICK ASHE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE METHOD OF FASTENING AND SECURING TIRES UPON WHEELS FOR
CARRIAGES," a communication to me from abroad by William Alsop Ashe, of
New York, United States of America, to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a method of securing the tires on wheels, and
preventing them from slipping laterally, without the use of bolts, screws, or
other fastenings.
The improvement consists in forming upon the interior surface of the tire a
rib or bead during the process of rolling the tire, which is to fit into a groove
or channel made in the periphery of the wheel. The tire being heated
expands so as to allow the said rib to pass over the wheel, and in cooling
contracts and fits the rib into the groove so firmly as to hold the tire in its
place without the use of bolts.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Frederick Ashe in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
2nd December 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
ASHE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Frederick Ashe, Her special license that I, the said Frederick Ashe,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Frederick Ashe, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE
MENTS IN THE METHOD OF FASTENING AND SECURING TIRES UPON WHEELS FOR
CARRIAGES," a communication to me from abroad by William Alsop Ashe, of
New York, United States of America, upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Frederick Ashe, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick Ashe, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the fol-
lowing statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to say):-
My Invention relates to a method of securing the tires on wheels, and
preventing them from slipping laterally, without the use of bolts, screws, or
other fastenings.
The improvement consists in forming upon the interior surface of the tire a
rib or bead during the process of rolling the tire, which is to fit into a groove
or channel made in the periphery of the wheel. The tire being heated
expands so as to allow the said rib to pass over the wheel, and in cooling
contracts and fits the rib into the groove so firmly as to hold the tire in its
place without the use of bolts.

page_text: In order that the Invention may be better understood and explained in
detail, I have hereunto attached a Sheet of Drawings made upon a scale of
about two inches to the foot, similar letters of reference being marked upon
corresponding parts.
Fig. 1 represents the carriage wheel with a portion of the frame or rim dis-
placed, exposing to view the bead or rib on the inner surface of the tire and
its position when sunk into the groove or channel formed in the periphery of
the wheel; Fig. 2 is a detailed transverse section of the tire and rim, shewing
their relative positions when the tire is heated before contracting; Fig. 3 is a
similar view, shewing the tire when cool and contracted; and Fig. 4 is a
perspective view of the tire, shewing the bead or rib formed on its inner
surface.
In Figs. 1, 2, 3, a, a, is the frame or rim of the wheel, around the periphery
of which is grooved the channel b; c is the tire, its inner surface being pro-
vided with the bead or rib d, which, when sunk by contraction into the groove
or channel b, binds the whole firmly together without the use of bolts or nuts,
and the tire is prevented from slipping laterally.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, together with the
method of carrying the same into practical effect, I wish it to be distinctly
understood that I claim the novel employment and use of the bead or rib
formed upon the inner surface of the tires, and fitting into a corresponding
groove in the periphery of the wheel for the purpose of securing such tires,
firmly retaining them upon the wheels of vehicles, as herein-before described,
set forth, and fully illustrated in the Drawings attached.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Ashe, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this First day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
FREDERICK ASHE. (L.B.)