Improvements in Night Lights and in the Method of Manufacturing the same.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Mar., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 20th Dec., 1889-Accepted, 25th Jan., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Night Lights and in the Method of Manufacturing
the same.
We, JAMES BROAD and GEORGE CUPIT FOWLER, both of 4 West Street, Lewes, in
the County of Sussex, Night Light Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention relates principally to that class of night lights which are made of
paraffin wax, or a composition largely composed of the saine, and are moulded with a
central aperture, through which a wick is afterwards placed, which is passed through
a tin or other metal sustainer, placed at the bottom of the night light.
In this class of night lights, when they are burnt out, the tin or other metal
sustainer, which is very thin, is held so firmly to the bottom of the night light holder,
that it is difficult to remove the same without melting or softening the wax or other
like material, or without using a knife or other instrument.
Now, according to our invention, we obviate this inconvenience by forming the tin
or other metal sustainer with feet or other projections, which will prevent its lying flat
on the bottom of the night light holder, and wo mould the night light, as heretofore,
with a central aperture to afterwards receive the wick, but with the tin or other metal
snstainer enclosed within the material of the night light.
In carrying our invention into effect, we may form the night light with either a
convex or flat bottom, and we may place the tin or other metal sustainer on the
moveable bottom of the mould around the wire forming the aperture through the night
light, or we may, form the said wire with a shoulder at its upper end, on which we place
the tin or other metal sustainer. When the tin or other metal sustainer is placed on
the perforating wire and the mould is in position to receive its charge of material, the
latter is poured therein and by flowing around the sustainer, secures the same in
position. After the night light is removed from the mould, the wick is passed
through the aperture therein and a short distance through the tin or other metal
sustainer, when the projecting end is turned down and held by the material of the
night light, or is fixed in any suitable manner.
When the night light is consumed, the body of the tin or other metal sustainer
being slightly above the bottom of the night light holder, it can be readily raised and
removed.
The tin or other metal sustainer being moulded in the night light, it is held in
position by the surrounding body of material, and therefore in addition to obtaining
the advantage above described, we secure the sustainer against being displaced by
rough usage.
We would have it understood that our invention is also applicable to night lights
made of softer material than that before referred to, and that in such case the tin or
other metal sustainer may be constructed as herein described or in the ordinary
manner.
Dated this 20th day of March 1889.

page_text: COMPLETE
SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Night Lights and in the Method of Manufacturing
the same.
We, JAMES BROAD and GEORGE CIPIT FOWLER, both of West Street, Lewes, in
the County of Sussex, Night light manufacturers do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to he particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement reference being had to
the accompanying drawings and to the Figures and letters marked thereon :-
Our invention relates to that class of night lights which are moulded without a case
and used with a detached holder preferably of glass and more particularly to those
which are made of paraffin wax, or a composition largely composed of the same, and
are moulded with a central aperture, through which a wick is afterwards placed,
which is passed through a tin or other metal sustainer placed at the bottom of the
night light.
In this class of night lights, when they are burnt out the tin or other metal
sustainer, which is usually very thin is held so firmly to the bottom of the night light
holder, that it is difficult to remove the same without melting or softening the wax or
other liko material; or without using a knife or other instrument.
Now according to our invention we obviate this inconvenience by forming the
tin or other metal sustainer with feet or other projections which will prevent its
lying flat on or close to the bottom of the night light holder.
Figure 1. is a plan, and
Figure 2. is a cross section of one form of our improved sustainer.
Figure 3. is a cross section of a sustainer showing a slightly modified form.
Figure 4. is a vertical section through the centre of a night light moulded
with a flat bottom and convex top and provided with one of our improved
sustainers.
Figure 5. is a similar section of a night light moulded with a convex bottom and
Aut top.
Figure 6 is a vertical section of a night light moulded with convex top and bottom
and also provided with one of our improved sustainers.
Figure 7. is a vertical section through a mould capable with but slight alteration of
producing night lights of either of the forms represented at Figures 4 and 5, and
Figure 8 is a vertical section through a mould for producing night lights of
the form shown at Figure 6.
The sustainer represented at Figures 1 and 2 is made of star form but we bend the
points of some of the radial arms a at an angle to the general body of the sustainer in
order to produce feet a¹ which will raise the general body of the sustainer slightly
above the plane or surface on which the feet stand.
The sustainer represented at Figure 3. is of a slightly modified form, it is of a
generally dished shape and it may have radial arms or it may be provided with other
shaped projections which will secure the desired object.
We inould the night light as heretofore with a central aperture to afterwards
receive the wick e but with the improved tin or other metal sustainer enclosed within
the material of the night light as shown at Figures 4, 5, and 6.
In carrying our invention into effect we may form the night light with a flat
bottom and convex top as represented at Figure 4. or with a convex bottom and flat
top as represented at Figure . or it may be moulded flat at both top and bottom as
will be well understood or it may be moulded with both convex top and bottom as
represented at Figure 6.
When moulding a night light of the form represented at Figure 4. we employ
the mould represented at Figure 7. but we form the fixed perforating wire d with
a neck or shoulder at its upper end on which we place the tin or other metal
sustainer a as shown by the dotted lines we then pour in the melted material to

page_text: form the body of the night light and when this has set and the surplus material
scraped off, the false or moveable bottom e' of the mould e is raised so as to discharge
the night light body from the mould and at the same time push it off from the
fixed perforating wire d.
When moulding a night light of the preferred form shown at Figure 5. we
also employ the mould represented at Figure 7. but we use a plain perforating
wire d'and place the improved tin or other metal sustainer over and around the
same on the false or moveable bottom of the mould as represented by the full
lines. When moulding a night light of the form shown at Figure 6 we employ
the mould represented at Figure 8 and place the improved sustainer on the false
or moveable bottom el around the fixed perforating wire d.
When the improved tin or other metal sustainer a is placed in position around
the wired and the parts of the mould are adjusted in position to receive a
charge of melted night light material, the latter is poured therein and by flowing
around the sustainer a secures the same in position.
After the night light is removed from the mould e, the wick c is passed through the
tin or other metal sustainer a when the end projecting from the latter is turned down
against and held by the material of the night light or is fixed in any other suitable
manner.
When the night light shown at Figure 6 is removed from its mould (Figure 8.) the
lump of material at the top formed within the pouring hole in the removeable
cover e may be removed if desired.
When the night light is consumed, the body of the tin or other metal sustainer a, in
consequence of being slightly above the bottom of the night light holder, can be
readily raised and removed therefrom.
The night light being moulded with the tin or other metal sustainer within the
mould, the said sustainer is held in position by the surrounding body of material and
therefore in addition to obtaining the advantages above described we secure the
sustainer against being displaced by rough usage of the night light.
We would have it understood that our invention is also applicable to night
lights made of softer material than that before referred to and that in such case
the tin or other metal sustainer may be constructed as herein described or in the
ordinary manner in which latter case although the sustainer affords no special
facility for removal from the night light holder such not being required in night
lights made of soft material, the night light bas still the advantage of having the
tin or other metal sustainer secured thereto against rough usage.
We would here remark that clay sustainers have heretofore been proposed to be
placed in the bottom of the night light case and to have the melted night light
material poured over and around the same but the advantages obtained by our present
invention were neither sought nor obtained.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is:-
1. In a night light made of paraffin wax or a composition largely composed of the
same and moulded without a case and used in a detached or separate holder, a tin or
other metal wick sustainer of the character described surrounded by the material
of the night light substantially as herein shown and described.
2. In a night light moulded without a case and used in a detached or separate
holder, a tin or other metal wick sustainer formed with feet or otherwise shaped to
raise the general body thereof above the plane or surface on which the feet or lower
part thereof rests and surrounded by the material of the night light substantially as
and for the purpose described.
3. In a night light moulded without a case and used in a detached or separate
holder, and made of softer material than that herein referred to, the method of securing
the tin or other metal sustainer of any form to the night light by placing the sustainer

page_text: T
within the mould and pouring the material over and around the same substantially as
herein described.
.. 4.
"
the tin or
4. The improved method of manufacturing night lights by enclosing the
other, metal sustainer within the body thereof substantially as herein described.
Dated Decembar 20th 18RQ
JAMES BROAD..
GEORGE, CUPIT FOWLER.
By Harris & Mills,.
23, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents.