Year: 1887

page_text: This Specification was, upon the 17th day of March 1890, Amended under
Sections 18 to 21 of the Patents, Designs, and Trade Marks Act, 1883.
A communication from PATRICK JAY MCMAHON, of Tangipahoa, in the County of
Tangipahoa, and State of Louisiana, United States of America, Engineer.
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex,
M.I.M.E. do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
The object of this invention is to provide a fireless engine or motor which is adapted
for all mechanical purposes and for the propulsion of vehicles, the motor to be operated
by anhydrous ammonia to be condensed and evaporated during the operation of the
motor in the generator connected therewith, which generator is adapted to be charged
and recharged at a stationary plant or apparatus and to accompany the motor when
employed for the propulsion of vehicles.
In this invention is provided a plant for producing dehydrated ammonia either from
commercial liquid ammonia or from a charge of reabsorbing liquid taken from the
generator of a motor.
Referring to the drawings:
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of this apparatus for dehydrating the ammonia. Fig. 1a
is a portion of the apparatus detached from the top of the still for convenience of
illustration. Fig. 2 is a plan of said apparatus, the dehydrator being removed.
Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the motor cylinder and generator and their connections.
and Fig. 3 a like view but in section and upon an enlarged scale and minus the glass
gauge tube E. Fig. 4 is a horizontal section of the generator. Fig. 5 is an end
elevation of the generator, also showing the couplings for connecting the same with
the stationary plant. Fig. 6 is a side elevation of the generator-cylinder, portions
being broken away to show the arrangement of the pipes therein. Fig. 7 is a section
on the line, of Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is a side elevation of the generator with portions
broken away. Fig. 9 is a section on line y of Fig. 8, and a side elevation of the gas-
trap. Fig. 10 is a side elevation; and, Fig. 11 a vertical cross-section of a motor-car

page_text: provided with the motor and generator; and, Fig. 12 is a plan of the gearing
employed for connecting the motor with and for the propulsion of the car.
Referring to Fig. 1, concentrated ammonia is put in to the still, A, so as to cover
the tubes, A', and stand above the same as shown at A. Steam from a boiler, E³, is
let into the tubes A' by the pipe A³, so as to heat the surrounding ammonia and expel
it in the form of a gas into the dryer or dehydrator, G, which is mounted on top of
the still, and from thence the gas passes through the pipes G', successively through
the supplemental vertical drying cylinders, G2, the condensation which occurs therein
passing out of the pipes, G³, through the pipe and coupling G, G, G*, and valve, G7,
back into the still where it trickles down the shelves, A', thereof, and commingles with
the ammonia therein, while the gas passes through the pipe, G, to the condenser, H,
where by means of a stream of cold water furnished from any source, through the
pipe H, by a pump, H*, the gas is cooled.
The tank H, has a perforated bottom, which allows the water to trickle down the
condenser, which is simply a continuous coil, H', of the pipe G, and acts to condense
the gas therein to purified anhydrous ammonia, which is conducted by the pipe H, to
the tank H. and is taken from said tank by the pipe H through a valve H and
couplings H, H, and pipe X, to the generator hereinafter described. The feed-
pump, C, takes a supply of aqua-ammonia from the tank D, by pipe C, and keeps up
the level in the still A through the equalizer, B, and feed-pipe B³, from which it drops
down and over the rectifying-shelves A.
The ammonia of reduced strength at the bottom of the still is continuously blown
off through the pipe A, equalizer B, and pipe B, into the vertical blow-off tank E,
controlled by the valves A, and B₁*, (see Fig. 2,) and being released from pressure
the heat is liberated and expels any remaining gas in the solution, and this gas passes
into the tank D through pipe E¹, where it is absorbed, increasing the strength of the
solution in the tank D, as well as reducing the strength of that blown off which
reduced solution is conducted by pipe B2 and valve B2, into the tank F, and is by a
suitable pipe, FX, conducted as needed to the weak solution tank, Jo, from which
it may be conducted to the generator of the motor through the pipes, cocks, and
couplings, J, J³, J*, J³, J7, and Y.
The tank J receives from the generator the reabsorbing liquid, which has become
more or less saturated with gas during the operation of the motor, through the
couplings, pipes, and valves, J, J³, J, J, J, J, J, and Y. This reabsorbing liquid is
taken in regular quantities by the vacuum pump, 1, through the pipes, 12, 11, to the
lower of a series of tanks, D, D', D'. Water is placed in and so as to nearly fill the
vertical column, D 3*, and the tanks and column are connected by the pipes and
cocks, D°, D8, D³, D₁, as shown in Fig. 1, and the cocks between the tanks and
the upper tank of the column are controlled by levers, D³, operated by cords, Dº,
having handles, D7, so that liquid can be delivered from one to the other down through
the series. When a charge of concentrated solution, that is, a quantity of the
reabsorbing water that is fully charged with ammonia, is withdrawn from a motor-
generator by the means above described, to the tank J, and pumped directly into
the tank D; air and oil or other impurities taken from the motor may be
commingled therewith and passes through the tanks and column. The gas is
reabsorbed in the first tank, D, and any excess rises into the second tauk, DI, and
any further excess to the third tank, D', and finally into the column, D³, where
the excess of gas is absorbed by the water therein and the air allowed to escape
at the top of the column. Other impurities are expelled by taking a portion of the
weak solution into the boiler E2, which is employed to supply steam for the still, and
heating the same therein until all the ammonia is expelled from it as a gas, which is
conducted by a pipe, E³, from the boiler to the tank D, while the residuum is
withdrawn from the boiler and thrown away or utilized as a fertilizer.
The amount of weak solution withdrawn into the boiler E' is replaced by an equal
quantity of water in the vertical column, D³*, thus maintaining a uniformity of the
density or strength of the solution in use.
A is a blow-off pipe at the bottom of the still for cleaning the same.

page_text: A pipe, K, having a cock, K', connects the couplings between the generator and
the plant with the vacuum-pump I, for the purpose of expelling the air from the
pipes before charging or discharging the generator.
By the apparatus above described, and by the operation thereof, as set forth, it
will be seen that from a generator can be taken a weakened or worn out solution of
ammonia and supply the generator supplied with a new charge of a solution of full
strength, subjecting also, in the same apparatus, the weakened and worn out solution
to a treatment which saves and utilizes all of the ammoniacal strength or density
thereof, so that the same may be in a purified cleansed condition, and again employed
as the motive agent of a motor.
Referring to Figs. 3 to 9, inclusive, sheets 2 and 3, A, represents the solution-
tank, which is air-tight, and mounted therein is the generator-cylinder, B, which is
provided with the longitudinally disposed tubes, B', extending through both heads
of the cylinder, and communicating with a chamber, B2, by means of smaller tubes, B³,
acting as injectors. The cylinder is mounted within the tank A, upon legs or
standards, B, secured at each end thereof and resting upon the bottom of the tank,
and from leg to leg at each side of the cylinder are light partitions, B³, for maintaining
a circulation within the tank as hereinafter described.
C, represents the engine cylinder jacket, within which engine cylinder is the
piston, (, to be operated by the ammoniacal gas, as will be described.
D', represents the usual throttle-valve, mounted upon the jacket, and leading from
said valve is the supply-pipe, D, extending to the top of the tank A, and provided with
a valve, D. A pipe, E, having a valve, E¹, projects from the tank, and is connected
with the pipe D by means of a glass guage-tube, E2, whereby the level of the liquid
within the tank may be observed from the outside.
An exhaust-pipe, F, having a discharge-branch, F', leading therefrom to the tank
and communicating with the chamber, B2, is connected to the jacket C, passes by a
tight joint through the jacket C and is connected with the exhaust branch of the cylinder,
and the lower end of said pipe communicates with the solution-pipe G, leading from
the bottom of the tank A to the bottom of the jacket C, by the T-coupling, F.
An overflow-pipe, H, is connected at the top of the jacket C, and to the solution-
pipe G, said pipe, H, and also the exhaust, F, being connected to the solution-pipe G,
by means of an ordinary T-coupling, HF, and syphon T-couplings, F³, G¹ H.
I, represents the air-escape and gas-trap, and is connected to the top of the tank A
by a pipe, 1', leading therefrom, to and below the water-line, Z in the trap. In this
manner air is forced by the ammoniacal-gas from the tank, is carried to the trap, and
is filtered through the water therein, whereby all gas is extracted and absorbed by
the water, and the air may then pass out of the outlet, 12. By this arrangement not
only is a great waste prevented, but unpleasant odors from the ammonia cannot
escape. Afterwards the ammonia may be extracted from the water and again
utilized.
Branching at a right angle from the pipe E, is the branch-pipe, E³, having at its
outer end a suitable coupling, E, and provided with an intermediate cut-off, E.
J, represents the tank supply-pipe, which is provided with a coupling, J¹, at its end
and an intermediate cut-off J.
A pipe, X, leading from a stationary plant is connected to the pipe E³, by means of
the coupling E, and through this pipe, which it is understood is provided with a
suitable cut-off device, the generator is charged with ammonia, the cut-off, E', having
been previously opened. The ammonia is under pressure at the time and passes
through the pipe E into the cylinder B.
In the same manner, namely, by opening the cut-off J, in the pipe J, and a similar
cut-off in the pipe Y, the solution tank A is charged with the weak solution.
Through the pipe E³, when the strength or density of a charge has been expended it
is withdrawn from the cylinder, and when the weak solution becomes concentrated the
same is drawn off through the pipe J.
When the tank and generator-cylinder are to be charged, the stop-cocks or cut-
offs, E, J', are closed, and the charging-pipes (between the stop-cocks therein and

page_text: those leading to the generator-cylinder,) are emptied, and a partial vacuum produced
in them before charges are introduced. This is accomplished through the small
pipe K, which leads to a vessel, Z, z or vacuum-pump I (Sheet 1) in which vessel a
vacuum is maintained.
In charging this apparatus the generator-cylinder B is filled with anhydrous
ammonia to the line 1-2 (See Fig. 9) and the tank is filled to the line 3-4, with the
weak solution to reabsorb the gas.
Referring more particularly to Fig. 9, in which is shown the gas-trap or air-escape,
the use of this device will be at once apparent, in that when the engine is put in
operation the level of the liquid ammonia in the cylinder B will gradually fall below
the line 1-2 by reason of the evaporation of the gas therefrom, and as the exhaust
gas escapes into the solution tank during the operation of the engine it is absorbed by
the solution and the level of the solution will gradually rise above the line 3-4. Now
the space above this line is full of air before starting, and it is necessary to dispose of
it in some way. Should it be allowed to remain during the operation of the engine
the increasing volume of the solution would compress the same and produce a
back-pressure on the exhaust side of the piston. Therefore, to avoid these objections,
the air is conducted from the top of the tank through the pipe 1' down below the
water-line in the trap I, where the ammonia is trapped and absorbed by the water,
the remaining air is conducted up and out through the escape 12.
The provision of the partitions B, which extend the length of the generator is
for the purpose of confining the solution which has been heated by the absorption
of gas to the bottom of the generator until it has reached the opposite end thereof,
and thereby secureing the circulation of the solution the whole length of the generator
underneath it as well as through the tubes, to accomplish the complete absorption of
the gas as well as the application of the heat rendered sensible thereby, to the
metallic surfaces around which the anhydrous ammonia is distributed. The solution
becomes cooler as it approaches the rear end of the generator and passes out and
circulates back to the front end of the generator outside of the partitions. The exhaust
from the cylinder makes it circulate around continuously in this course while the
engine is working, and this accomplishes the desired object.
By opening the cock D gas is supplied from the top of the cylinder B to the
engine-cylinder, it being regulated by the throttle D. The piston having been
operated, the gas passes down through the exhaust-pipe F, part of said exhaust
passing through the pipe F¹ chamber B and pipes or nozzles B³ into the tubes B' of the
cylinder, and causing a circulation of the solution therein. The remainder of the
exhaust passes through the syphon coupling, F2, and injector G₁ circulating the solution
from the tank through pipe G into the lower end of the casing, and up through the
overflow-pipe H, and back to the tank A, while the other portion of the exhaust
enters the spyhon coupling G, or injector and assists the circulation through the
jacket casing by sucking the solution through H. That portion of the exhaust which
enters the syphon-coupling or injector G₁ becomes absorbed in the solution passing
up the pipe G³, giving out its latent heat and heating the solution as it passes into
the jacket or casing. By this means the jacket-cylinder is not only prevented from
freezing but is superheated, and this without the application of external heat.
pipe H opens near the top of the casing C in order to keep the casing full of solution and
thus maintain the heat of the cylinder.
The
The solution overflowing from the jacket is again met by a portion of the exhaust
through the syphon H', where it acquires additional heat by the absorption of this
gas, and is made to circulate through under the cylinder keeping up the temperature
of its surface, as previously described, as well as that of the tubes, so that the
evaporation of the gas in the generator is kept up in the most efficient manner while
the engine is in operation, and the engine is also kept superheated,
There is a material advantage in arranging the component parts of the generator,
especially the cylinder tubes, in a horizontal position, in that the exhaust gas is
submerged for a longer time and during a longer course or portion of the circulation
than when the apparatus is arranged vertically and thus securing its complete

page_text: absorption and materially aiding in the prevention of the collection within the
eylinder tank A of unabsorbed gas which would tend to produce a back pressure on
the piston.
Referring to Figs. 10 and 11, Sheets 4 and 5, A, represents a motor passenger-car,
having side platforms, B' and standards, C, which serve to support the roof, D. E, is
the dash.
The space, under the seats, B, is utilized for the generator, which, by means of
the pipe G, is adapted to receive the exhaust from the motor H; the supply of
ammoniacal-gas to the motor being conducted by the pipe I, having the valve or
cock I¹, to control its admission into the motor, which pipe communicates with a gas-
drum, J, arranged overhead in the car, and connected with the supply tank generator
cylinder F by a pipe 1. The object of arranging the gas-drum overhead is to insure
dry gas for supplying the motor. A syphon, K, extends from the tank F, into an
air-trap, K', having the outlet, K2, (Fig. 10.) A stop-cock or valve, F³, affords one
means for charging the tank F, and a pipe F is provided for filling or discharging
the cylinder F.
The motor, H, as shown, is arranged upon one end of the car, and is connected to
the axle of the car by the following mechanism: Upon the axle L, is a large gear, L',
and a small gear, L. M, are brackets, which depend from the framework of the car,
and serve as journal bearings for a counter-shaft, M', on which is a small gear, M³,
arranged to inesh with the large gear L1 of the axle and a large gear M³ arranged to
mesh with the small gear L2 of the axle. Upon the counter-shaft M¹ is a sliding
clutch-sleeve, N, having clutches or arms, N¹, projecting therefrom and adapted to
take against projecting lugs, O, arranged upon the inner sides of the gears M², M³.
A lever P, pivoted as at P, to the framework or bottom of the car, embraces the
sleeve N, and rides in a groove P*, formed therein, so that the sleeve inay be rotated
and yet reciprocated upon the shaft by the lever P. A sprocket-wheel, Q, is rigidly
mounted on the sleeve, so that the latter can, by means of a sprocket-chain, Q1,
properly connected with the crank-shaft of the motor, be rotated.
Now it will be seen that by means of the lever P, the sleeve N may be reciprocated
so that the motion of the sleeve may be given to the small gear M³, which is loosely
mounted on the counter-shaft so as to drive the axle and propel the car, through the
medium of the large gear L', the speed being slow and the power comparatively
great. It will also be seen that by reciprocating the sleeve so as to throw the clutch-
arms into contact with the lugs O of the gear M³, which is loosely mounted on the
counter-shaft, the rotation of the clutch will be given to the axle L, and the car
propelled by means of the gears M³, L³, the speed being greater than when the power
is conveyed through the other end of the sleeve, as above described. Again, it will
be seen that by sliding the sleeve by means of the lever P so that neither end of the
same is in connection with either of the gears of the counter-shaft, the car may be
run by momentum and without the use of the motor. The lever P is pivotally
connected with the hand-lever, R, near the motor.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention
as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :
1. The apparatus herein shown and described for charging a generator and for
dehydrating and purifying charges taken from the generator.
2. In a generator of the class described, an enclosed cylinder having tubes
extending therethrough, and an exhaust distributing chamber having tubes of less
diameter than those of the cylinder and communicating with the latter tubes,
whereby the exhaust is injected into the tubes of the cylinder to facilitate the
absorption of gas, circulation of the liquid, and distribution of the latent heat of the
exhaust, along the surfaces of the tubes when made sensible by the absorption of
the gas, substantially as specified.
2. 3. A generator of the class described, comprising a tank a closed cylinder supported
therein free from the walls of the tank and provided with a series of longitudinal

page_text: tubes, and mechanism for injecting the exhaust gas into the tubes and between the
cylinder and a wall of the tank, substantially as specified.
34. In a generator of the class described, a tank, a cylinder arranged within the
tank free from its walls, partitions arranged parallel with the cylinder, and an exhaust-
pipe arranged beneath the cylinder and between the partitions, substantially as
specified.
4. 5. The combination with the cylinder of a motor, and with the jacket thereof, of a
generator, a supply-pipe extending from the same to the motor-cylinder, and pipes com-
municating with the jacket of the cylinder and with the tank, and syphon-couplings
arranged in said pipes to produce the circulation of said liquid from the tank into and
through the jacket of the cylinder and back to the tank, substantially as specified.
. 6. The combination with a motor, of a generator having communication with the
exhaust of the motor, and provided with exhaust receiving tubes, and arranged with
relation to the motor to dispose of said tubes in a substantially horizontal position,
substantially as specified.
G. 7. In a car of the class described, and in combination with a motor arranged
thereon, a generator arranged beneath the seats, and a dry-gas chamber arranged
overhead and connected with the generator and with the motor, substantially us
specified.
7. The combination-with-the-motor-H, counter-shaft M', axle L, of the gears
loosely mounted on the counter-shaft, and the companion gears rigidly mounted upon
the axle, these-being of the relative-size specified, and a sliding clutch-mounted on
the counter shaft between the gears thereon, substantially as specified.
8. In a car of the class described, a generator, in combination with an overhead
dry-gas chambor, substantially as specified.
9. In a car of the class described, a generator arranged longitudinally of the car,
a gas-trap arranged above the generator, and an overhead gas-chamber, substantially
as specified.
Dated this 9th day of August 1887.

page_text: --Date of Application, 9th Aug., 1887.
Specification Accepted, 4th Oct., 1887.
A communication from PATRICK JAY MCMAHON, of Tangipahoa, in the County of
Tangipahoa, and State of Louisiana, United States of America, Engineer."
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex,
M.I.M.E. do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
The object of this invention is to provide a fireless engine or motor which is adapted
for all mechanical purposes and for the propulsion of vehicles, the motor to be operated
by anhydrous ammonia to be condensed and evaporated during the operation of the
motor in the generator connected therewith, which generator is adapted to be charged
and recharged at a stationary plant or apparatus and to accompany the motor when
employed for the propulsion of vehicles.
In this invention is provided a plant for producing dehydrated ammonia either from
commercial liquid ammonia or from a charge of reabsorbing liquid taken from the
generator of a motor.
Referring to the drawings:
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of this apparatus for dehydrating the ammonia. Fig la
is a portion of the apparatus detached from the top of the still for convenience of
illustration. Fig. 2 is a plan of said apparatus, the dehydrator being removed.
Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the motor cylinder and generator and their connections.
Fig. 4 is a horizontal section of the generator. Fig. 5 is an end elevation of the
generator, also showing the couplings for connecting the same with the stationary plant.
Fig. 6 is a side elevation of the generator-cylinder, portions being broken away to
show the arrangement of the pipes therein. Fig. 7 is a section on the line x, of Fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is a side elevation of the generator with portions broken away. Fig. 9 is a
section on line y of Fig. 8, and a side elevation of the gas-trap. Fig. 10 is a side
elevation and, Fig. 11 a vertical cross-section of a motor-car provided with the motor
Pains

page_text: and generator; and, Fig. 12 is a plan of the gearing employed for connecting the
motor with and for the propulsion of the car.
Referring to Fig. 1, concentrated ammonia is put in to the still, A, so as to cover
the tubes, A¹, and stand above the same as shown at A. Steam from a boiler, E³, is
let into the tubes A¹ by the pipe A³, so as to heat the surrounding ammonia and expel
it in the form of a gas into the dryer or dehydrator, G, which is mounted on top of
the still, and from thence the gas passes through the pipes G', successively through
the supplemental vertical drying cylinders, G2, the condensation which occurs therein
passing out of the pipes, G, through the pipe and coupling Gʻ, G, Gʻ, and valve, G',
back into the still where it trickles down the shelves, A', thereof, and commingles with
the ammonia therein, while the gas passes through the pipe, G8, to the condenser, H,
where by means of a stream of cold water furnished from any source, through the
pipe H, by a pump, H', the gas is cooled.
The tank H, has a perforated bottom, which allows the water to trickle down the
condenser, which is simply a continuous coil, H¹, of the pipe GB, and acts to condense
the gas therein to purified anhydrous ammonia, which is conducted by the pipe H°, to
the tank H', and is taken from said tank by the pipe H through a valve H and
couplings H, H", and pipe X, to the generator hereinafter described. The feed-
pump, C, takes a supply of aqua-ammonia from the tank D, by pipe C, and keeps up
the level in the still A through the equalizer, B, and feed-pipe B, from which it drops
down and over the rectifying-shelves A'.
The ammonia of reduced strength at the bottom of the still is continuously blown
off through the pipe A³, equalizer B, and pipe B, into the vertical blow-off tank E,
controlled by the valves A, and B*, (see Fig. 2,) and being released from pressure
the heat is liberated and expels any remaining gas in the solution, and this gas passes
into the tank D through pipe E', where it is absorbed, increasing the strength of the
solution in the tank D; as well as reducing the strength of that blown off which
reduced solution is conducted by pipe B and valve B2, into the tank F, and is by a
suitable pipe, F, conducted as needed to the weak solution tank, Jo, from which
it may be conducted to the generator of the motor through the pipes, cocks, and
couplings, J, J³, J, J', J', and Y.
The tank J receives from the generator the reabsorbing liquid, which has become
more or less saturated with gas during the operation of the motor, through the
couplings, pipes, and valves, J¹, J³, J³, J4, J7, J³, Jº, and Y. This reabsorbing liquid is
taken in regular quantities by the vacuum pump, I, through the pipes, I', I', to the
lower of a series of tanks, D, D¹, D*. Water is placed in and so as to nearly fill the
vertical column, D³, and the tanks and column are connected by the pipes and
cocks, D', D8, D, D₁, as shown in Fig. 1, and the cocks between the tanks and
the upper tank of the column are controlled by levers, D³, operated by cords, D6,
having handles, D', so that liquid can be delivered from one to the other down through
the series. When a charge of concentrated solution, that is, a quantity of the
reabsorbing water that is fully charged with ammonia, is withdrawn from a motor-
generator by the means above described, to the tank J, and pumped directly into
the tank D; air and oil or other impurities taken from the motor may be
commingled therewith and passes through the tanks and column. The gas is
reabsorbed in the first tank, D, and any excess rises into the second tank, D¹, and
any further excess to the third tank, D³, and finally into the column, D*, where
the excess of gas is absorbed by the water therein and the air allowed to escape
at the top of the column. Other impurities are expelled by taking a portion of the
weak solution into the boiler E', which is employed to supply steam for the still, and
heating the same therein until all the ammonia is expelled from it as a gas, which is
conducted by a pipe, E³, from the boiler to the tank D, while the residuum is
withdrawn from the boiler and thrown away or utilized as a fertilizer.
The amount of weak solution withdrawn into the boiler E is replaced by an equal
quantity of water in the vertical column, D', thus maintaining a uniformity of the
density or strength of the solution in use.
A' is a blow-off pipe at the bottom of the still for cleaning the same.

page_text: A pipe, K, having a cock, K', connects the couplings between the generator and
the plant with the vacuum-pump I, for the purpose of expelling the air from the
pipes before charging or discharging the generator.
By the apparatus above described, and by the operation thereof, as set forth, it
will be seen that from a generator can be taken a weakened or worn out solution of
ammonia and supply the generator with a new charge of a solution of full strength,
subjecting also, in the same apparatus, the weakened and worn out solution to a treatment
which saves and utilizes all of the ammoniacal strength or density thereof, so that the
same may be in a purified cleansed condition, and again employed as the motive
agent of a motor.
Referring to Figs. 3 to 9, inclusive, sheets 2 and 3, A, represents the solution-
tank, which is air-tight, and mounted therein is the generator-cylinder, B, which is
provided with the longitudinally disposed tubes, B³, extending through both heads
of the cylinder, and communicating with a chamber, B³, by means of smaller tubes, B³,
acting as injectors. The cylinder is mounted within the tank A, upon legs or
standards, B*, secured at each end thereof and resting upon the bottom of the tank,
and from leg to leg at each side of the cylinder are light partitions, B', for maintaining
a circulation within the tank as hereinafter described.
C, represents the engine cylinder jacket, within which engine cylinder is the
piston, (, to be operated by the ammoniacal gas, as will be described.
D', represents the usual throttle-valve, mounted upon the jacket, and leading from
said valve is the supply-pipe, D, extending to the top of the tank A, and provided with
a valve, D. A pipe, E, having a valve, E³, projects from the tank, and is connected
with the pipe D by means of a glass guage-tube, E', whereby the level of the liquid
within the tank may be observed from the outside.
An exhaust-pipe, F, having a discharge-branch, F, leading therefrom to the tank
and communicating with the chamber, B³, is connected to the jacket C, and the lower
end of said pipe communicates with the solution-pipe G, leading from the bottom of
the tank A to the bottom of the jacket C, by the T-coupling, F.
An overflow-pipe, H, is connected at the top of the jacket C, and to the solution-
pipe G, said pipe, H, and also the exhaust, F, being connected to the solution-pipe G,
by means of an ordinary T-coupling, H', and syphon T-couplings, F, G¹.
I, represents the air-escape and gas-trap, and is connected to the top of the tank A
by a pipe, I, leading therefrom, to and below the water-line, Z, in the trap. In this
manner air is forced by the ammoniacal-gas from the tank, is carried to the trap, and
is filtered through the water therein, whereby all gas is extracted and absorbed by
the water, and the air may then pass out of the outlet, I. By this arrangement not
only is a great waste prevented, but unpleasant odors from the ammonia cannot
escape. Afterwards the ammonia may be extracted from the water and again
utilized.
Branching at a right angle from the pipe E, is the branch-pipe, E³, having at its
outer end a suitable coupling, E, and provided with an intermediate cut-off, E.
J, represents the tank supply-pipe, which is provided with a coupling, J¹, at its end
and an intermediate cut-off J
A pipe, X, leading from a stationary plant is connected to the pipe E', by means of
the coupling E, and through this pipe, which it is understood is provided with a
suitable cut-off device, the generator is charged with ammonia, the cut-off, E', having
been previously opened. The ammonia is under pressure at the time and passes
through the pipe E into the cylinder B.
In the same manner, namely, by opening the cut-off J', in the pipe J, and a similar
cut-off in the pipe Y, the solution tank A is charged with the weak solution.
Through the pipe E, when the strength 'or density of a charge has been expended it
is withdrawn from the cylinder, and when the weak solution becomes concentrated the
same is drawn off through the pipe J.
When the tank and generator-cylinder are to be charged, the stop-cocks or cut-
offs, E, J', are closed, and the charging-pipes (between the stop-cooks therein and
those leading to the generator-cylinder,) are emptied, and a partial vacuum produced

page_text: in them before charges are introduced. This is accomplished through the small
pipe K, which leads to a vessel, Z, or vacuum-pump I (Sheet 1) in which vessel a
vacuum is maintained.
In charging this apparatus the generator-cylinder B is filled with anhydrous
ammonia to the line 1-2 (See Fig. 9) and the tank is filled to the line 3-4, with the
weak solution to reabsorb the gas.
Referring more particularly to Fig. 9, in which is shown the gas-trap or air-escape,
the use of this device will be at once apparent, in that when the engine is put in
operation the level of the liquid ammonia in the cylinder B will gradually fall below
the line 1-2 by reason of the evaporation of the gas therefrom, and as the exhaust
gas escapes into the solution tank during the operation of the engine it is absorbed by
the solution and the level of the solution will gradually rise above the line 3-4. Now
the space above this line is full of air before starting, and it is necessary to dispose of
it in some way. Should it be allowed to remain during the operation of the engine
the increasing volume of the solution would compress the same and produce a
back-pressure on the exhaust side of the piston. Therefore, to avoid these objections,
the air is conducted from the top of the tank through the pipe I' down below the
water-line in the trap I, where the ammonia is trapped and absorbed by the water,
the remaining air is conducted up and out through the escape I².
The provision of the partitions B³, which extend the length of the generator is
for the purpose of confining the solution which has been heated by the absorption
of gas to the bottom of the generator until it has reached the opposite end thereof,
and thereby secure the circulation of the solution the whole length of the generator
underneath it as well as through the tubes, to accomplish the complete absorption of
the gas as well as the application of the heat rendered sensible thereby, to the
metallic surfaces around which the anhydrous ammonia is distributed. The solution
becomes cooler as it approaches the rear end of the generator and passes out and
circulates back to the front end of the generator outside of the partitions. The exhaust
from the cylinder makes it circulate around continuously in this course while the
engine is working, and this accomplishes the desired object.
By opening the cock D' gas is supplied from the top of the cylinder B to the
engine-cylinder, it being regulated by the throttle D¹. The piston having been
operated, the gas passes down through the exhaust-pipe F, part of said exhaust
passing through the pipe F¹ into the tubes B¹ of the cylinder, and the remainder
through the syphon coupling, F2, circulating the solution from the tank through
pipe & into the lower end of the casing, and up through the overflow-pipe H, and
back to the tank A, while the other portion of the exhaust enters the syphon
coupling G and assists the circulation through the jacket. That portion of the
exhaust which enters the syphon-coupling G¹ becomes absorbed in the solution passing
up the pipe G, giving out its latent heat and heating the solution as it passes into
the jacket or casing. By this means the jacket-cylinder is not only prevented from
freezing but is superheated, and this without the application of external heat.
The solution overflowing from the jacket is again met by a portion of the exhaust
through the syphon H¹, where it acquires additional heat by the absorption of this
gas, and is made to circulate through under the cylinder keeping up the temperature
of its surface, as previously described, as well as that of the tubes, so that the
evaporation of the gas in the generator is kept up in the most efficient manner while
the engine is in operation, and the engine is also kept superheated.
There is a material advantage in arranging the component parts of the generator,
especially the cylinder tubes, in a horizontal position, in that the exhaust gas is
submerged for a longer time and during a longer course or portion of the circulation
than when arranged vertical and thus securing its complete absorption and materially
aiding in the prevention of the collection within the cylinder of unabsorbed gas
which would tend to produce a back pressure on the piston.
Referring to Figs. 10 and 11, Sheets 4 and 5, A, represents a motor passenger-car,
having side platforms, B₁ and standards, C, which serve to support the roof, D. E, is

page_text: The space, under the seats, B, is ntilized for the generator, which, by means of
the pipe G, is adapted to receive the exhaust from the motor H; the supply of
ammoniacal-gas to the motor being conducted by the pipe I, having the valve or
cock I', to control its admission into the motor, which pipe communicates with a gas-
drum, J, arranged overhead in the car, and connected with the supply-tank F by a
pipe 1. The object of arranging the gas-drum overhead is to insure dry gas for
supplying the motor. A syphon, K, extends from the tank F, into an air-trap, K',
having the outlet, K³, (Fig. 10.) A stop-cock or valve, F³, affords one means for
charging the tank F, and a pipe F is provided for filling or discharging the
cylinder F.
The motor, H, as shown, is arranged upon one end of the car, and is connected to
the axle of the car by the following mechanism: Upon the axle L, is à large gear, L',
and a small gear, L'. M, are brackets, which depend from the framework of the car,
and serve as journal bearings for a counter-shaft, M', on which is a small gear, M³,
arranged to mesh with the large gear L' of the axle and a large gear M' arranged to
mesh with the small gear L³ of the axle. Upon the counter-shaft M' is a sliding
clutch-sleeve, N, having clutches or arins, N¹, projecting therefrom and adapted to
take against projecting lugs, O, arranged upon the inner sides of the gears M², M³.
A lever P, pivoted as at P¹, to the framework or bottom of the car, embraces the
sleeve N, and rides in a groove P³, formed therein, so that the sleeve may be rotated
and yet reciprocated upon the shaft by the lever P. A sprocket-wheel, Q, is rigidly
mounted on the sleeve, so that the latter can, by means of a sprocket-chain, Q,
properly connected with the crank-shaft of the motor, be rotated.
Now it will be seen that by means of the lever P, the sleeve N may be reciprocated
so that the motion of the sleeve may be given to the small gear M³, which is loosely
mounted on the counter-shaft so as to drive the axle and propel the car, through the
medium of the large gear L¹, the speed being slow and the power comparatively
great. It will also be seen that by reciprocating the sleeve so as to throw the clutch-
arms into contact with the lugs O of the gear M³, which is loosely mounted on the
counter-shaft, the rotation of the clutch will be given to the axle L, and the car
propelled by means of the gears M³, L³, the speed being greater then when the power
is conveyed through the other end of the sleeve, as above described. Again, it will
be seen that by sliding the sleeve by means of the lever P so that neither end of the
same is in connection with either of the gears of the counter-shaft, the car may be
run by momentum and without the use of the motor. The lever P is pivotally
connected with the hand-lever, R, near the motor.
.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention
as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :
1. The apparatus herein shown and described for charging a generator and for
dehydrating and purifying charges taken from the generator.
2. In a generator of the class described, an enclosed cylinder having tubes
extending therethrough, and an exhaust distributing chamber having tubes of less
diameter than those of the cylinder and communicating with the latter tubes,
whereby the exhaust is injected into the tubes of the cylinder to facilitate the
absorption of gas circulation of the liquid, and distribution the latent heat of the
exhaust, along the surfaces of the tubes when made sensible by the absorption of
the gas, substantially as specified.
2. A generator of the class described, comprising a tank a closed cylinder supported
therein free from the walls of the tank and provided with a series of longitudinal
tubes, and mechanism for injecting the exhaust gas into the tubes and between the
cylinder and a wall of the tank, substantially as specified.
3. In a generator of the class described, a tank, a cylinder arranged within the
tank free from its walls, partitions arranged parallel with the cylinder, and an exhaust-
pipe arranged beneath the cylinder and between the partitions, substantially as
specified.

page_text: 4. The combination with the cylinder of a motor, and with the jacket thereof, of a
generator, a supply-pipe extending from the same to the motor-cylinder, and pipes com-
municating with the jacket of the cylinder and with the tank, and syphon-couplings
arranged in said pipe to produce the circulation of said liquid from the tank into and
through the jacket of the cylinder and back to the tank, substantially as specified.
5. The combination with a motor, of a generator having communication with the
exhaust of the motor, and provided with exhaust receiving tubes, and arranged with
relation to the motor to dispose of said, tubes in a substantially horizontal position,
substantially as specified.
6. In a car of the class described, and in combination with a motor arranged
thereon, a generator arranged beneath the seats, and a dry-gas chamber arranged
overhead and connected with the generator and with the motor, substantially as
specified.
7. The combination with the motor H, counter-shaft M², axle L, of the gears
loosely mounted on the counter-shaft, and the companion gears rigidly mounted upon
the axle, these being of the relative size specified, and a sliding clutch mounted on
the counter-shaft between the gears thereon, substantially as specified.
8. In a car of the class described, a generator, in combination with an overhead
dry-gas chamber, substantially as specified.
9. In a car of the class described, a generator arranged longitudinally of the car,
a gas-trap arranged above the generator, and an overhead gas-chamber, substantially
as specified.
Dated this 9th day of August 1887