An APPARATUS FOR HEATING RAILWAY CARRIAGES BY MEANS OF HOT AIR
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Johann Heinrich Ferdinand Kienast, in Berlin,
in the Empire of Germany, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "An
APPARATUS FOR HEATING RAILWAY CARRIAGES BY MEANS OF HOT AIR."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Johann Heinrich
Ferdinand Kienast at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with his Petition, on the 13th September 1872.
I, JOHANN HEINRICH FERDINAND KIENAST, in Berlin, in the Empire
of Germany, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN APPARATUS FOR HEATING RAILWAY CARRIAGES BY MEANS OF
HOT AIR," to be as follows:-
This apparatus consists of a closed metal box or chamber fixed
outside the railway carriage, underneath the same, which box has
situated centrally within it a grate for containing the fuel for heating,
a door being provided at one end of the box through which the fuel is
introduced. Surrounding the grate is a coiled pipe, one end of which
terminates in two opposite funnel shaped mouths, while the other end
opens into a distributing box situated under the seats inside the
carriage. Thus on the train being set in motion the external air is
caused to enter through one or other of the funnel shaped mouths and
.

page_text: to pass through the coil, whereby the air becomes heated to the
requisite degree by the fuel on the grate before issuing into the dis-
tributing box. This box has an open side covered by preference with wire
gauze, through which the heated air issues into the interior of the car-
riage. A flap or door is also provided to the open side of the distributing
box by closing which more or less the quantity of heated air passing
into the carriage can be regulated, or the supply of heated air may be
entirely cut off. For the same purpose also the outlet end of the coil of
pipes is provided with a throttle valve which can be opened or closed by
means of a lever outside the carriage. A number of small passages are
formed in the lower side of the casing of the heating apparatus through
which the external air enters for supporting the combustion of the fuel,
and other apertures are provided at the top of the casing through which
the gaseous products of combustion escape. These apertures can be
closed more or less by means of slides moved by a lever, for the purpose
of regulating the combustion of the fuel according to the degree of the
heat required. At the bottom of the casing a recess is formed into
which the ashes of the fuel fall and from which they are removed
through a door at the end.
The fire-grate is by preference arranged to slide in and out of the
casing, so that, in bringing the apparatus into operation the fuel (which
consists by preference of blocks of compressed charcoal mixed with
saltpetre and glue) is first placed on the fire-grate, and this is then slid
in through the central door, which is closed after the ignition of the fuel
has been effected.
Two or more separate coils of heating pipes may be employed in the
apparatus instead of only one; the coils are made with sufficient inter-
stices between them to allow the air to pass between them to the
fire-grate and to allow the ashes to fall through between them into the
ash-pit.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Johann Heinrich Ferdinand Kienast, in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 8th March 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHANN
HEINRICH FERDINAND KIENAST, in Berlin, in the Empire of Germany; 3
Manufacturer, send greeting...

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-sixth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Johann Heinrich Ferdinand Kienast, Her special
license that I, the said Johann Heinrich Ferdinand Kienast, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Johann Heinrich
Ferdinand Kienast, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "AN APPARATUS FOR HEATING RAILWAY CARRIAGES BY MEANS OF HOT AIR,'
upon the condition (amongst others) that I the said Johann Heinrich
Ferdinand Kienast, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
"
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Johann Heinrich Ferdinand Kienast,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and, ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the
accompanying four Sheets of Drawings, and to the figures and letters
marked thereon, that is to say :-
This apparatus consists of a closed metal box or chamber fixed
outside the railway carriage, underneath the same, which box has
situated centrally within it a grate for containing the fuel for heating,
a door being provided at one end of the box through which the fuel is
introduced. Surrounding the grate is a coiled pipe, one end of which
terminates in two opposite funnel shaped mouths, while the other end
opens into a distributing box situated under the seats inside the
carriage. Thus on the train being set in motion the external air is
caused to enter through one or other of the funnel shaped mouths and
to pass through the coil, whereby the air becomes heated to the
requisite degree by the fuel on the grate before issuing into the dis-
tributing box.
This box has an open side covered by preference with

page_text: wire gauze, through which the heated air issues into the interior of the
carriage. A flap or door is also provided to the open side of the distri-
buting box, by closing which more or less the quantity of heated air
passing into the carriage can be regulated or the supply of heated air
may be entirely cut off. For the same purpose also, the outlet end of the
coil of pipes is provided with a throttle valve which can be opened or
closed by means of a lever outside the carriage. A number of small
passages are formed in the lower side of the casing of the heating
apparatus through which the external air enters for supporting the com-
bustion of the fuel, and other apertures are provided at the top of the
casing through which the gaseous products of combustion escape.
These apertures can be closed more or less by means of slides moved by
a lever, for the purpose of regulating the combustion of the fuel
according to the degree of heat required. At the bottom of the casing a
recess is formed into which the ashes of the fuel fall, and from which
they are removed through a door at the end.
The fire grate is by preference arranged to slide in and out of the
casing, so that in bringing the apparatus into operation the fuel (which
consists by preference of blocks of compressed charcoal mixed with
saltpetre and glue) is first placed on the fire-grate, and this is then slid
in through the central door, which is closed after the ignition of the fuel
has been effected.
Two or more separate coils of heating pipes may be employed in the
apparatus instead of only one; the coils are made with sufficient inter-
stices between them to allow the air to pass between them to the
fire-grate and to allow the ashes to fall through between them into the

page_text: Fig. VI., Sheet IV., a longitudinal section of the fuel receptacle of the
apparatus which I will now describe.
c, c, is a double metal casing of circular or-oval form, enclosing one,
two, or more coils of air pipes 6 which are wound round the fuel
receptacle b, b. This receptacle 6, 6, is made of open metallic netting
or grating, and is placed on a slide a, a, so that it can be withdrawn from
or introduced into the interior of the casing c, c, through a door a at
the end thereof. Below the coils of heating pipes 6 there is a space in
the casing which serves as an ash-pit for the reception of ashes which
may fall from the fuel receptacle b, b, through the spaces between the
coils of the pipes b. This ash-pit is provided with a door c at the end.
The lower end of each of the pipe coils b terminates in a double funnel
mouth d, d, presented respectively towards the front and back of the
carriage, so that whichever way the carriage may travel there will be an
influx of air through one of the mouths d to the pipe 6 with which it
communicates. The pipes 6 being heated by the fire b, b, which they
surround, warm the air passing through them which issues from their
upper ends by passages 9 communicating by branch pipes t with the
space under the seat of the carriage s.
In order to sustain the combustion of the fuel in the receptacle b, b,
there are numerous small passages n, n, formed in the lower part of the
casing c, c, by which fresh air from without can enter the casing. For
the issue of products of combustion from the fire, numerous openings m
are provided in the upper part of the casing c, c. These openings are
fitted with a slide, one to each row of the openings, and these slides are
worked by a lever handle h so as to open or close more or less the
openings m, and thereby to increase or diminish the combustion of the
fuel and thus to regulate the heating power.
•
The passages g by which the heated air from the coils 6 flows to the
carriage, are provided with throttle valves k on one spindle worked by
a hand lever f, whereby the amount of air supplied to the carriage can
be regulated.
In order to diffuse the air supply under the seat of the carriage s
(see Fig. IV.) the pipes t, by which the air from the passages g is led
through the flooring r, open into the distributing box p, the front of
which is covered by wire gauze or perforated sheet metal x, provided

page_text: with a flap p, p, by which the ingress of air to the carriage can be
regulated.
.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I would have it understood that
I make no claim to the use of funnel mouths such as d, d, for the
supply of air to apparatus for heating railway carriages, nor to the
use of a fuel receptacle which can be slid into or out of the casing
of the apparatus, nor do I make any claim to the use in such apparatus
of any special fuel or fuel compound, as these features have already
been described in connection with apparatus for heating railway car-
riages in the Specification of a Patent granted to Thomas Duncombe
Eagles, dated the 27th April 1872, No. 1263; but I do claim,―
First. The use for heating railway carriages of apparatus fixed below
the carriage, and consisting of a metal casing with passages through it
for the supply of air for combustion, and for the discharge of products
of combustion, the said casing enclosing one or more coils of pipes for
supplying heated air to the carriage, wound round and heated by a
central fire, substantially as herein described.
Second. The combination with heating apparatus such as is above
referred to of sliding valves for regulating the combustion of the fuel
and heating power, and of throttle valves for regulating the supply of
air to the carriage, together with a distributing chamber for diffusing
the air supply, substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Johann Heinrich Ferdinand Kienast,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Third day of March,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-three.
JOHANN HEINRICH FERDINAND KIENAST. (L.S.)