Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Sept., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 9th June, 1897-Accepted, 10th July, 1897
I, ARTHUR BENJAMIN PLUMMER Architect of 13 Grey Street in the City and County
of Newcastle-on-Tyne, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention relates to the construction of drain pipes sewers and such like
channels or conduits for the flow of liquid and has for its object to provide for better
carrying capacity in all conditions of flow, and for more efficient flushing cleansing
and so forth than heretofore.
According to iny improvements I construct drain pipes of two diameters as shown
for example on the annexel drawing which illustrates a cross section of a drain pipe
constructed according to my invention.
As will be seen the upper part A is of the larger diameter and the lower part. B
of the lesser diameter b. Both diameters will of course vary with the sectional area
of the pipe.
The shoulders c c necessarily resulting from this construction serve to steady the
pipe in the ground and prevent liability to any lateral movement or displacement
such as frequently occurs with oval or egg shaped pipes, and may readily be supported
on bearers if required.
Built sewers and other conduits may be thus constructed, the lower part or invert
being advantageously composed of moulded blocks.
The joints may be formed by spigots and sockets following the contour of the pipe
as shown dotted at d or they may be circular as shown at with internal projections
fitting into the shoulders c c and made in the usual way.
The thickness of material is decided and distributed according to the best conditions
of strength.
I, ARTHUR BENJAMIN PLUMMER, Architect of 13 Grey Street, in the City and
County of Newcastle-on-Tyne, do herebydeclare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to the construction of drain pipes, sewers and such like
channels or conduits for the flow of liquids and has for its object to provide for better

page_text: carrying capacity in all conditions of flow and for more efficient flushing, cleansing
and so forth than is afforded by such conduits as usually constructed.
To attain these objects I construct the drain pipe or other conduit in the form of
two superposed part circles of two diameters of different or unequal radii, the upper
one being the greater, and the two gradually merging together at or below the
horizontal centre line at either side of the pipe so as to form projecting shoulders.
In order to enable my invention to be fully understood I will describe same in
reference to the drawing filed with my Provisional Specification and to the drawings
now filed in which Figure 1 is a perspective view of a drain pipe constructed and
formed in accordance with my improvements and showing the spigot and faucet ends
of two pipes taken apart; Figure 2 is a transverse section through the spigot and
faucet of a pipe joint.
According to my invention, I make the upper part A of the conduit or pipe in a
circle of larger radius, for example, a Fig. 2 and the lower part or invert B in a circle
of a lesser radius b.
Both radii and diameters will of course vary with the sectional area of the pipe.
The two circles are merged gradually into each other with easy reverse curves at or
below the horizontal centre line of the pipe and by this construction shoulders cc
necessarily result and these shoulders serve in use to steady the pipe in the ground
and to prevent liability to any rolling or lateral movement or displacement such as
frequently occurs with oval or egg-shaped pipes, further by them, the pipe may readily
be supported on bearers if required, while, as will be seen in the drawings, their inner
surfaces are so formed as to effectually prevent any deposit collecting therent.
Built up brick sewers and other conduits may be thus constructed, the lower part
or invert being advantageously composed of moulded blocks.
The joints between adjacent pipes are formed by spigots and sockets which may
follow the internal sectional contour, of the pipe as shown dotted at d in the drawing
filed with my Provisional Specification, but I find it advantageous, for the purposes
of maintaining strength and convenience of manufacture, to make the exterior
surface D of the socket circular and with an internal longitudinal projection at
each side fitting into the hollow of the shoulder C as shown on the left hand side of
Figure 2 and in the figure accompanying my Provisional Specification; or alternately,
for the socket projections d², I may substitute depressions such as are shown at d³ on
the right hand side of Fig. 2 and also in Fig. 1 but in any case the pipes are put
together and the joints made in the usual or in any efficient way.
At the sockets, a flattened part as at 4, Figs. 1 and 2, may, with advantage, be
provided to ensure the proper laying of the pipes and act as a further preventive
against rolling of the pipe line and the end of any socket pipe may be circularly
moulded as shown in Figure 1, in cases where connections have to be made with existing
drain pipes.
In hollow ware pipes the thickness of the material is decided and distributed
according to the best conditions of strength.
By the use of my improved construction solid matter lying in the inverts of drains
or conduits is constantly exposed to and acted upon by a stronger and deeper force
of water than is the case with an internally circular pipe of the larger diameter and
hence better movement is assured, since, as has been fully proved by experiment, the
sanaller circle flushes very much better than the larger one which, however, is essential
as a provision for sudden floods.
The improved pipes are easily laid and are not top heavy or inclined to fall to one.
side but are well supported throughout their length.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. Constructing drain pipes, sewers, and such like conduits in the manner set
forth, that is to say, in the form of two superposed part circles of two diameters of

page_text: different radii, the upper one being the greater, and the two gradually merging
together at or below the horizontal centre line of the conduit thereby forming
projecting shoulders at each side, substantially as and for the purposes herein
described and illustrated in the drawings.
2. Drain pipes and their jointing spigots and faucets formed as above specified and
for the purposes set forth.
Dated this 8th day of June 1897.
For the Applicant,
J. C. CHAPMAN,
70 Chancery Lane, London, W.C., and
3, St. Nicholas' Buildings, Newcastle on Tyne, Chartered Patent Agent.