IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION Duvar AND M.MAZING MINING
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Coward, of No. 2, Suffolk Street, Throo
Colt Lanc, Cambridge Heath Road, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, for the Invention of “IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
Duvar
AND
M.MAZING MINING "
Sealed the 25th June 1875, and dated the 15th April 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Coward at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th April 1875.
I, JOSEPH COWARD, of No. 2, Suffolk Street, Three Colt Lane,
Cambridge Heath Road, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF BRICK AND TILE MAKING MACHINES,'
to be as follows:-
"
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction and
arrangement of brick and tile making machines, and consists mainly in
a combination of parts in or by which the clay or other plastic body is
forced by a pug mill with a double feed into a double series of moulds
which travel in contrary directions, the clay or other plastic body

page_text: passing out at the sides of the mill into the moulds, into which the
material is forced by pressure rollers and rendered smooth on the upper
surface.
The moulds are arranged with two ends and one side piece cach, and
as they are fitted into the framing of the mill bottom they bear against
each other, and the back or side of one of them forms the other side to
the adjoining mould. The moulds rest upon side or guide rails, and are
carried along by studded wheels actuated by pinion or other gearing,
driven by hand or by motive power machines as found convenient. The
pinion mechanism also actuates the pug mechanism, the whole of the
working parts being thereby under the control of one driver.
By my Invention the moulds which are removed and emptied on
leaving the mill on one side or end are replaced on the framing of the
other side to travel in the opposite direction to be again filled and
emptied on the opposite side or end alternately.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Joseph Coward in the Great Scal Patent Office
on the 15th October 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
COWARD, of No. 2, Suffolk Street, Three Colt Lane, Cambridge Heath
Road, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Joseph Coward, Her special license that
I, the said Joseph Coward, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Joseph Coward, my exccutors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
AND ARRANGEMENT OF BRICK AND TILE MAKING MACHINES," upon the condition

page_text: (amongst others) that I, the said Joseph Coward, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or onc
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Coward, do hereby declaro
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to bc
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction and
arrangement of brick and tile making machines, and consists mainly in
a combination of parts in or by which the clay or other plastic body is
forced by a pug mill with a double feed into a double series of moulds
which travel in contrary directions; the clay or other plastic body
passes downwards into the moulds into which it is forced by pressure
rollers and rendered smooth on the upper surface.
The moulds are arranged with two ends and one side picce each, and
as they are fitted into the framing of the mill bottom they bear against
each other and the back or side of one of them forms the other side to
the adjoining mould. The moulds rest upon side or guide rails, and are
carried along by studded wheels actuated by pinion or other gearing
driven by hand or by motive power machines as found convenient. The
pinion mechanism also actuates the pug mechanism, the whole of the
working parts being thereby under the control of one driver.
By my Invention the moulds which are removed and emptied on
leaving the mill on one side or end are replaced on the framing of the
other side to travel in the opposite direction to be again filled and
emptied on the opposite side or end alternately.
My Invention is clearly represented in the annexed Sheet of
Drawings, in which Figure 1 is an end view partly in section; Figure 2,
a side view, also partly in section; Figure 3, a partial elevation; and
Figure 4, a plan view with the hopper removed.
A, A, is the main frame; B, B, transverse shafts which can be driven
by steam or similar power by the pinion C gearing into the spur wheel D,

page_text: tho
or by the pinion E, shown in dotted lines, by horse or animal power,
shaft of this pinion being at the lower part of the machine to enable
the animal to step over it, or the spur wheel D may be driven by hand
power through the intermediate wheel E from the pinion G, or in
other desirable manner.
The transverse shafts B, B, each carry a sliding or clutch wheel H, H,
and these are actuated direct when the clutches I, I, are thrown into
gear by the hand levers J, J, the handles of which are arranged within
reach of an attendant at either end of the machinc.
The top part of the main frame A, A, has a bearing surface on each
side for the mould boxes K, K, to rest and slide upon when propelled by
the clutch wheels H, H, the teeth or studs of these engaging against
projections on the bottoms of the boxes for the purpose.
The mould boxes are composed of a bottom plate on which can be the
1
"stock" a if stock bricks are to be made, or projections of other kind can
be upon the bottom plate, as desired, to correspond to the shape or
formation of the article to be made in the machine.
Above the double series of mould boxes and within the lower portion L
of the hopper M a couple of feed rollers N, N, are fitted, these having
blades P, P, upon them to direct the clay or plastic body into the moulds 2
as they move along in contrary directions; the rollers and blades receive
their motion towards each other by the gearing Q, Q, which takes its
motion from the intermediate wheel E.
The hopper is of elongated form in cross section, and its lower part at
each end is provided with a fall plate or screen R whose lower edges 2
press upon and smooth off the top edge of the articles as they pass out
of the machine. Each fall plate has a pressure roller S to force the
plastic body well down in the moulds, the pressure being regulated and
determined by the counterweights T, T, which can be moved along the
beams U, U. Each fall plate has a couple of set screws b, b, passed
through lugs c, c, and bear upon the top rails of the frame A, A, the
loosening or tightening up of which screws regulate the distance the
plates can be set at, and to be adjusted as the moulds are of greater or
less height.
Each mould box is composed of a bottom and one side piece, the ends

page_text: when the boxes are put into the machine with the ends at an incline
the ends come into a vertical position by rubbing against the wall of the
top framing, the entrance ends of which are somewhat wider than the
other part. This facilitates an end compression of the clay that enters
the boxes from the rear part of the hopper, the action of the blades then
completely filling the boxes with clay, which receives a top pressure
from the roller, the mass in each box in succession being thereby
agglomerated and made solid.
The bottom plate of cach mould box has two projecting lips d, d, on
one side with holes in them to be put over studs e, e, projecting from
the bottom at the other side to link one box to the other and in close
contact that the side plate of one box should act as the second side to
the neighbouring box. The boxes thus linked and propelled by the
clutch wheels in their respective directions, the attandant at each
end can remove a filled box, turn it over, and discharge its brick on to a
travelling belt or on to a barrow, and place the empty box upon the
opposite side to make up the series which travel in the contrary direction,
as indicated by the arrows in Figure 4, thus the 22 boxes shown in the
Drawings can be continuously charged and discharged from alternate
ends of the machine or any other number of boxes, according to the
length of the machine or the sizes of the boxes employed.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim, the con-
struction and arrangement of machinery, also its method of action for
making bricks, tiles, and similar articles from plastic body, as herein-
before set forth and shown.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Coward, have hereunto set
Witness,
HENRY GARDNER,
166, Fleet Street,
London.
JOSEPH COWARD. (L.S.)