IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING AND PACKING SUGAR
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Martineau, of No. 21, Mincing Lane, in the City
of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING
AND PACKING SUGAR."-A communication from abroad by Reinhold Kohrig
and Robert Pzillas, both of Brieg, near Breslau, Prussia.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Martineau at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th August 1876.
GEORGE MARTINEAU, of No. 21, Mincing Lane, in the City of London. "IN-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING AND PACKING SUGAR." A communication
from abroad by Reinhold Kohrig and Robert Pzillas, both of Brieg, near Breslau,
Prussia.
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for cutting and
packing sugar.
The machine consists of a tablo on which the sugar to be cut is laid, the sugar
then as it is brought to the machine is in the form of bars, say one inch square and
several inches long. The bars, say to the number of two dozen more or less, are laid
side by side on the table, and are pushed forward step by step beneath a fixed
blade, and after every forward motion a moving blade rises, and portions of suitable
size are thus nipped off the ends of the bars. At the moment when the nip takes
place the bars are held in position by a presser which comes down upon them
immediately behind the upper blade. The pieces nipped from the bars may be
allowed to fall upon a riddle, and from thence into a suitable receptacle; but I
prefer to cause them to travel forwards and to be packed side by side and in
successive layers into a chest, as herein-after explained.
The machine is actuated by a shaft, on which are cams for giving a rising and
falling motion to the lower nipping blade; this blade is carried by arms which rest
upon the cam, and at their further ends are jointed to brackets fixed beneath the table.
The main axis also carries an eccentric, to actuate the presser. The eccentric rod
is jointed to an arm on a rocking shaft, on which are other arms connected with
rods attached to the presser.
The main axis also by means of an eccentric pin gives motion to a long pawl
taking into ratchet teeth which extend partly around the periphery of a wheel.

page_text: having on its axis pinions engaging with racks in connection with a saddle
extending across the table, and this saddle carries the pusher which pushes the bars
of sugar forward step by step to the nipping blades. The pusher is fixed on arms
jointed to the saddle, and they travel forward together until the driving pawl has
taken the last tooth of the ratchet wheel. In the meantime the attendant has
placed a fresh lot of bars of sugar behind the pusher, and the pawl having been
thrown out of gear he draws back the saddle by hand.
The pusher is provided with guides which cause it during the return movement
of the saddle to rise above the bars of sugar which have been placed behind it.
The pusher remains raised until it has passed the rear end of the bars, it then falls
down again ready to propel then forwards towards the nipping blades, and when
the pawl is thrown in this movement recommences.
To cause the pusher to lift during the return of the saddle there are pins upon it
on either side, which as the pusher inoves forward pass beneath latches, which at
their hinder ends are carried upon pins on which they are able to turn.
During the last part of the forward movement of the pusher the pins come
against inclines on the latches and lift them, and afterwards the pins pass beyond
the ends of the latches which then again fall, so that when the saddle is drawn
back the pins ride upon the backs of the latches, and these are so formed as to raise
the pushers to the extent required. When the saddle has been drawn back
sufficiently far to bring the pusher past the bars of sugar on the table, the pins on
the pusher again escape from the latches, and the pusher falls to its working
position.
In order to pack the several bars as they are divided into lumps or cubes, as
above described, into a box or chest, a table which can rise or fall is mounted in
front of the cutting blades. Upon this table is held the chest open at the top and
on the side towards the blades. A stem descends from the under side of the table
and carries a toothed rack and also a rack of ratchet teeth. A pawl mounted on an
axis is by a weight held into one or other of the ratchet teeth, and holds the table
at the required level. At starting the upper surface of the bottom of the chest is
set level with the surface of the fixed table herein-before mentioned on which the
bars to be cut rests. As the bars are divided up into cubes, and are step by step
moved forward by the pusher, as before described, they pass on to the bottom of
the chest. So soon as the whole of the bottom of the chest has been covered with
cubes the forward motion of the pusher is arrested, the pawl which holds up the
moveable table and chest is disengaged, and the table descends a distance equal to
the length of one of the ratchet teeth upon its stem and is then again stopped by
the pawl; the ratchet teeth are of a length equal to the depth of the bars of sugar,
so that the chest in its new position is ready to have a fresh layer of divided bars
moved forward on to the top of the previously packed layer.
In order that the moveable table which carries the chest may descend quietly and
be again arrested without shock whenever the pawl which holds it up is disengaged,
the toothed rack upon the stem which passes downwards from the bottom of the
table gears with a pinion on an axis, which axis has also a ratchet wheel fast upon
it and a fly wheel which can turn loosely. The fly wheel carries a pawl to engage
with the teeth of the ratchet wheel; by this means when the table descends it has
to put in motion and turn the fly wheel, its descent is consequently gradual, and
when the movement of the table is again arrested the fly wheel is free to continue
its turning motion without affecting the table.
In order that that the chest may be automatically caused to descend a distance
after the forward action of the pusher has been arrested, the axis of the pawl which
supports the moveable table has also upon it two arms. Above one of these arms,
which is horizontal or nearly so, hangs a rod jointed at its upper end to a weighted
lever, the other arm which stands upwards carries an adjustable stop against which
the side of the rod bears, and thereby the lower end of the rod is retained in proper
position over the end of the horizontal arm. From the opposite side of the axis of
this lever projects a long arm held down by the hook of a weighted catch. At the

page_text: time when the table is to be allowed to descend this catch is caused to release the
long lever arm, and the opposite weighted arm descends, forcing downwards the
hanging rod; the lower end of this rod then bears against the arm upon the axis of
the pawl, and by turning this axis puts the pawl out of action; the table then
descends, and the end of the hanging rod having passed beyond the arm the pawl is
by the counterbalance before mentioned again brought into position to arrest the
movement of the table so soon as the table has descended a distance equal to the
length of one of the ratchet teeth on the stem or bar by which the table is
supported.
The weighted lever above mentioned is at the proper moment set free from its
catch in the following manner:-The ratchet wheel by which the saddle carrying
the pusher receives its step-by-step motion, as herein-before mentioned, carries
round with it a quadrant upon which is a tooth corresponding to the teeth of the
ratchet wheel. After the long pawl herein-before mentioned as acting with the
teeth of this ratchet wheel has acted upon the last of the teeth of the wheel, and
consequently when the pusher has ceased to move forward, the pawl at its next
action takes hold of the tooth upon the quadrant and turns the quadrant a distance,
a pin upon the quadrant then strikes against and sets free the catch by which the
weighted lever was retained. After the table has been allowed to descend to a new
position and has come to rest, the saddle carrying the pusher is drawn back, as
before explained, and the machine is again set in action by depressing the long
lever arm of the weighted lever until it is again caught by its catch; the long pawl
which drives the ratchet wheel step by step then comes into action, and the pusher
pushes forward the fresh set of bars which have previously been placed upon the
fixed table and moves them step by step between the cutters and delivers them into
the chest. Whilst the chest is being thus filled and as it descends from time to
time the cubes already packed in it are prevented from dropping out at the side of
the chest which is next the cutter by means of the cover which is to close this side
being held against the lower part of this side of the chest, the upper edge of the
cover being however below the surface of the fixed table of the machine so as not to
interfere with the cubes being pushed forward into the chest.
In order also to retain the layers of cubes in place as the chest descends, the
weighted lever arms previously mentioned support a grid or grating of parallel bars
just above the bars of sugar which are being packed into the chest. When the
weighted lever is set free, as before explained, the grid descends on to the sugar
bars in the chest and holds them in place as the table descends.
In order also that the foremost cubes of the divided bars may be retained in
place as the divided bars are step by step pushed forward into the chest, a sliding
plate is used having teeth descending between the bars of the grating above
mentioned. As the bars are moved forward the end cubes bear against the teeth of
the plate and carry forward the plate along with them. The plate is supported by
two rods moving through suitable eyes or guides, and is drawn back after the
packing of each row of bars by the act of drawing back the saddle carrying the
pusher. When the chest is completely filled an incline upon the table which carries
it at the next descent of the table acts upon a clutch on the main shaft and stops
the machine by setting it free from the driving gear.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said George Martineau in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 19th February
1877.
GEORGE MARTINEAU, of No. 21, Mincing Lane, in the City of London. "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING AND PACKING SUGAR." A commu-
nication from abroad by Reinhold Kohrig and Robert Pzillas, both of Brieg, near
Breslau, Prussia.

page_text: This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for cutting and
packing sugar.
The machine consists of a table on which the sugar to be cut is laid. The sugar
then, as it is brought to the machine, is in the form of bars, say, one inch square and
several inches long. The bars, say to the number of two dozen, more or less, are
laid side by side on the table, and are pushed forward step by step beneath a fixed
blade, and after every forward motion a moving blade rises and portions of suitable
size are thus nipped off the ends of the bars. At the moment when the nip takes
place the bars are held in position by a presser, which comes down upon them
immediately behind the upper blade. The pieces nipped from the bars may be
allowed to fall upon a riddle, and from thence into a suitable receptacle, but I
prefer to cause them to travel forwards, and to be packed side by side, and in suc-
cessive layers, into a chest, as herein-after explained.
The machine is actuated by a shaft, on which are cams for giving a rising and
falling motion to the lower nipping blade; this blade is carried by arms, which
rest upon the cam, and at their further ends are jointed to brackets fixed beneath
the table.
The main axis also carries an eccentric to actuate the presser. The eccentric rod
is jointed to an arm on a rocking shaft, on which are other arms connected with
rods attached to the presser.
The main axis also, by means of an eccentric pin, gives motion to a long pawl,
taking into ratchet teeth, which extend partly around the periphery of a wheel,
having on its axis pinions engaging with racks, in connection with a saddle extend-
ing across the table, and this saddle carries the pusher, which pushes the bars of
sugar forward step by step to the nipping blades, the pusher is fixed on arms
jointed to the saddle, and they travel forward together until the driving pawl has
taken the last tooth of the ratchet wheel. In the meantime, the attendant has
placed a fresh lot of bars of sugar behind the pusher, and the pawl having been
thrown out of gear, he draws back the saddle by hand.
The pusher is provided with guides which cause it during the return movement
of the saddle to rise above the bars of sugar, which have been placed behind it.
The pusher remains raised until it has passed the rear end of the bars, it then falls
down again, ready to propel them forward towards the nipping blades, and when
the pawl is thrown in, this movement recoinmences.
To cause the pusher to lift during the return of the saddle there are pins upon it
on either side, which as the pusher moves forward pass beneath latches, which at
their hinder ends are carried upon pins, on which they are able to turn.
During the last part of the forward movement of the pusher, the pins come
against inclines on the latches, and lift them, and afterwards the pins pass beyond
the ends of the latches, which then again fall, so that when the saddle is drawn
back the pins ride upon the backs of the latches, and these are so formed as to raise
the pushers to the extent required. When the saddle has been drawn back
sufficiently far to bring the pusher past the bars of sugar on the table, the pins
on the pusher again escape from the latches, and the pusher falls to its working
position.
In order to pack the several bars, as they are divided into lumps or cubes, as above
described, into a box or chest, a table, which can rise or fall, is mounted in front of
the cutting blades. Upon this table is held the chest, open at the top and on
the side towards the blades. A stem descends from the under side of the table and
carries a toothed rack, and also a rack of ratchet teeth. A pawl mounted on an
axis is by a weight or spring held into one or other of the ratchet teeth, and holds
the table at the required level. At starting the upper surface of the bottom of the
chest is set level with the surface of the fixed table herein-before mentioned, on
which the bars to be cut rest. As the bars are divided up into cubes, and are step by
step moved forward by the pusher, as before described, they pass on to the bottom of
the chest. So soon as the whole of the bottom of the chest has been covered with
cubes, the forward motion of the pusher is arrested, the pawl, which holds up the
.

page_text: moveable table and chest, is disengaged, and the table descends a distance equal to
the length of one of the ratchet teeth upon its stem, and is then again stopped by
the pawl; the ratchet teeth are of a length equal to the depth of the bars of sugar,
so that the chest, in its new position, is ready to have a fresh layer of divided bars
moved forward on to the top of the previously packed layer.
In order that the moveable table, which carries the chest, may descend quietly,
and be again arrested, without shock, whenever the pawl, which holds it up, is
disengaged, the toothed rack upon the stem, which passes downwards from
the bottom of the table, gears with a pinion on an axis, which axis has also a
ratchet wheel fast upon it, and a fly wheel which can turn loosely; the fly wheel
carries a pawl to engage with the teeth of the ratchet wheel. By this means,
when the table descends, it has to put in motion, and turn the fly wheel, its descent
is consequently gradual, and when the movement of the table is again arrested,
the fly wheel is free to continue its turning motion without affecting the table.
In order that the chest may be automatically caused to descend a distance after
the forward action of the pusher has been arrested, the axis of the pawl, which
supports the moveable table, has also upon it two arms. Above one of these arms,
which is horizontal or nearly so, hangs a red, jointed at its upper end to a weighted
lever, the other arm, which stands upwards, carries an adjustable stop, against
which the side of the rod bears, and thereby the lower end of the rod is retained in
proper position over the end of the horizontal arm. From the opposite side of the
axis of this lever projects a long arm, held down by the hook of a weighted
catch. At the time when the table is allowed to descend, this catch is caused to
release the long lever arm, and the opposite weighted arm descends, forcing
downwards the hanging rod, the lower end of this rod then bears against the arı
upon the axis of the pawl, and, by turning this axis, puts the pawl out of action.
the table then descends, and the end of the hanging rod having passed beyond the
arm, the pawl is, by the counterbalance before mentioned, again brought into posi-
tion to arrest the movement of the table, so soon as the table has descended a
distance equal to the length of one of the ratchet teeth on the stem or bar, by
which the table is supported.
The weighted lever above mentioned is at the proper moment set free from its
catch in the following manner:-The ratchet wheel by which the saddle carrying
the pusher receives its step-by-step motion, as herein-before mentioned, carries
round with it a quadrant upon which is a tooth corresponding to the teeth of the
ratchet wheel. After the long pawl, herein-before mentioned as acting with the
teeth of this ratchet wheel, has acted upon the last of the teeth of the wheel, and
consequently when the pusher has ceased to move forward, the pawl at its next
action takes hold of the tooth upon the quadrant and turns the quadrant a distance,
a pin upon the quadrant then strikes against and sets free the catch by which the
weighted lever was retained. After the table has been allowed to descend to a new
position and has come to rest the saddle carrying the pusher is drawn back, as
before explained, and the machine is again set in action by depressing the long
lever arm of the weighted lever until it is again caught by its catch; the long pawl
which drives the ratchet wheel step by step then comes into action and the pusher
pushes forward the fresh set of bars, which have previously been placed upon the
fixed table, and moves them step by step between the cutters and delivers them
into the chest. Whilst the chest is being thus filled, and as it descends from time
to time, the cubes already packed in it are prevented from dropping out at the side
of the chest which is next the cutters by means of the cover which is to close this
side being held against the lower part of this side of the chest, the upper edge of
the cover being however below the surface of the fixed table of the machine, so as
not to interfere with the cubes being pushed forward into the chest.
In order also to retain the layers of cubes in place as the chest descends the
weighted lever arms previously mentioned support a grid or grating of parallel bars
just above the bars of sugar which are being packed into the chest. When the

page_text: weighted lever is set free, as before explained, the grid descends on to the sugar
bars in the chest and holds them in place as the table descends.
In order also that the foremost cubes of the divided bars may be retained in
place as the divided bars are step by step pushed forward into the chest a sliding
plate is used having teeth descending between the bars of the grating above
mentioned. As the bars are moved forward the end cubes bear against the teeth
of the plate and carry forward the plate along with them. The plate is supported
by two rods moving through suitable eyes or guides, and is drawn back after the
packing of each row of bars by the act of drawing back the saddle carrying the
pusher. When the chest is completely filled an incline upon the table which carries
it at the next descent of the table acts upon a clutch on the main shaft and stops
the machine by setting it free from the driving gonn
In order that the said Invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into effect I will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto annexed.
In order that the said Invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into effect I will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the machine taken on the line A, B, in
Figure 2; Figure 2 is a transverse section taken on the line C, D, in Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a side clevation looking in the direction indicated by the arrow
marked E in Figure 2.
Figure 4 is a side elevation looking in the direction indicated by the arrow
marked F in Figure 2.
Figuro 5 is a horizontal section taken on the zig-zag line G, H, in Figure 1.
Figure 6 is a horizontal section taken on the line I, K, in Figure 3.
Figure 7 is a plan looking in the direction indicated by the arrow marked L in
Figure 4.
The machine is driven by a strap received by the wheel A which serves the
purposes of fast and looso driving pulley and of fly wheel. It has a clutch C on its
nave which engages with the corresponding sliding clutch C, and so motion is
conveyed to the axis B. When C¹ is withdrawn the wheel A is set free upon the
axis and the machine at once stops. The sliding clutch C is actuated by lever arms
on the axis D, Figures 5 and 6; one lever arm D¹ enters a groove in the sliding
coupling, whilst a second lever arm D" has a ball fixed at its end of a weight
suitable to hold the clutch in or out of gear. The axis B turns in bearings formed
for it on the side framos G, and it carries two cams H, H, Figures 1 and 2; by
these the lower knife I, Figures 1 and 5, is moved upwards towards the fixed
knife K, Figure 1. The arms which carry the knife I are able to turn about the
centres L, Figure 1; the knife descends by its own weight. On the arms carrying
the knife I steel angle pieces M are fixed, and against these the cams H operate.
The upper knife being fixed and the lower knife only moving it happens that when
this latter rises it lifts the bars of sugar O, Figure 1, which lie between the knives
about 04 of an inch until they como against the upper knife and are nipped.
Immediately afterwards the bars of sugar O are carried down again and held
against the table R by the presser N, Figures 1 and 2, at the back of the upper
knife. The presser N receives its motion from the axis B through the eccentric P,
Figure 2, the connecting rod P1, Figure 3, the lever P¹¹, the axis P, and the two
levers P, Figure 7. On the axis B there is also an eccentric pin Q, Figure 4,
communicating a to-and-fro motion to a claw T. This claw engages with the teeth
of the wheel U which is firmly fixed on the axis V and turns the toothed
wheels W, W1, Figures 3 and 4, and these wheels convey motion to the toothed
racks X, X¹, and so to the carrying apparatus. Y is a saddle or bridge piece which
is able to slide in guides to and fro over the table of the machine, and it has the
racks X, X, attached to it; it carries adjustable supports Z, Z, to which arms Z
are jointed, and these arms are connected together by the pusher bar Z", Figure 7;
the arms Z are also connected by the bar a which has pins a¹ at its ends; as the
saddle or bridge piece moves forward, carrying the pusher with it, the pin at the

page_text: end of the bar a travels along on the under side of the latch-like guide b. Towards
the end of the forward motion the pin lifts the guide and passes beneath it, after
which the guide descends by its own weight to its original position. d is a handle
by which the saddle or bridge piece Y is drawn back, and then the pin a¹ passes
along the top of the guide, and the pusher is thus lifted so that it roturns over the
sugar laid on the table. The guide b, as the Drawings clearly show, is jointed to
the frame at its rear end. The dotted lines in Figures 3 and 4 show second positions
of the guides band of the pin a. When the saddle or bridge piece Y has been
brought back to its starting point the pin passes off the guides and the pusher
descends again to its working position.
The packing apparatus is in close connection with the cutting apparatus above
described. On the table f, Figure 1, the box or case g to receive the cubes of sugar
is secured. It is held by the grippers h, Figure 5. The box or case does not stand
directly on the table f, but is supported on adjusting screws i, Figure 5, so that
when commencing to pack the bottom of the box may be set nearly to the level
of the fixed table R whatever may be the thickness of the wood of which the box
is formed. The table f is able to move up and down, being controlled by suitable
guides on the frame and by a bar e¹ fixed underneath it. The bar passes through a
guiding block e, Figure 1. On one side of the bar a toothed rack q is fixed, and
on the opposite side a set of rachet teeth q". The toothed rack gears into the spur
wheel, Figures 1 and 6, which is fixed on the shaft m, as is also the rachet wheel
n; o is a fly wheel also mounted on the axis m, but so as to be able to turn freely.
It carries a pawl which engages with the teeth of the wheel n. The pawl is marked
P, and the spring which presses it into the teeth q¹. This arrangement ensures the
steady descent of the table f when the retaining pawl q is raised: the weight of the
table with the load upon it causes the wheel o to rotate. When the table has
descended the distance of a tooth of the rack it is stopped by the pawl q again fall-
ing in, and the wheel continues for a time to revolve, turning freely on its shaft m;
8, Figure 6, is a weight or spring, tending always to press the pawl q into the teeth
of the ratchet q¹, it acts upon an arm on the shaft r, on which also the pawl is fixed.
The shaft also carries the two-armed levert, Figures 4 and 6; t¹ is a step formed
on this lever adapted to be acted upon by the hanging rod u, and the other arm
carries a set screw, shown in dotted lines in Figure 4. The rod u is pressed up to
the set screw by a spring at t¹. When the rod u is caused to descend it acts on
the lever t, raises the pawl q, and allows the table to descend as already explained,
and as the rod u noves on the set screw on the lever t, pushes it off the step t¹, and
so leaves the pawlq free to fall into the next tooth of the ratchet. The rod u is sus-
pended by a joint pin k from one arm of the lever w, the axis of which is marked *,
and it has on it another arm w¹, Figure 7. The two arms carry weights y¹, y¹, and
a moveable bar z, z¹, Figures 4 and 7, to which is attached the grating apparatus
for holding down the cubes of sugar which have been arranged in the box. The
grating is made up, as the Drawing shows, of bars equal in number to the rows of
sugar cubes. They are arranged parallel the one to the other, and one of them is
immediately over each row. This apparatus only comes into contact with the sugar
at the time of the descent of the box, at other times it stands about 08 of an inch
above it.
In order to prevent the displacement of the cubes of sugar whilst the cutting is
in progress fingers E are employed, entering between the bars of the holding down
apparatus. These fingers are all attached to or form part of a plate extending across
the machine and carried by the two rods El; these rods can slide in guides Y, Y¹,
on the bridge piece or saddle Y, and also in guides formed in the portion of the
frame in which the upper knife blade K is carried. Collars are fixed on the ends of
the rods E¹, so that when the bridge piece or saddle is drawn back it may carry
back the fingers with it. The automatic descent of the box or case after each
layer of sugar cubes has been placed is effected in the following mauner :--The
lever w has a projection w* upon it which is taken hold of by the weighted catch
S, and when this catch is tripped and the lever set free the weights cause the descent

page_text: of the rod u, and it operates to lift the pawl q in the manner already explained. To
effect the tripping of the weighted catch there is a quadrant u loosely mounted on
the same axis with the ratchet wheel U and attached to the side of the wheel by a
pin passing through a slotted hole. This quadrant has a tooth upon it which is
taken by the claw T at its next motion after that it has taken the last tooth of the
ratchet wheel U, and consequently after the pusher has arrived at the end of its
forward motion, a row of cubes having been completed and placed in the box.
When the tooth of the quadrant u is taken, as above mentioned, a pin u¹ projecting
from it comes against the weighted catch S, and pushing it back liberates the lever
w. The lever w also, as will be observed, has a pin wl upon it which as the lever
is raised comes into contact with the stem of the claw T and raises it so as to admit
of the saddle or bridge piece being freely drawn back. Afterwards the machine can
be again started by depressing the lever handle w; p is a weighted lever provided
with a handle; it is employed to support the moveable side g¹ of the box or case
into which the sugar is packed. The side of the box rests upon arms of this lever,
which press it upwards against a stop on the frame, and there are also side guides
which aid in holding it in position. When the last layer of sugar cubes has been
packed the projection vin connection with the table f comes against the arm D¹¹1
on the axis D, and throwing out the clutch C, C¹ stops the machine.
In the operation of the machine whilst one row of bars is being cut the workman
arranges another row behind the pusher Z", then when the machine stops he draws
back the bridge piece or saddle as already described, thus causing the pusher to pass
over the top of the row of bars last laid on the table and to descend behind them;
he then pushes the bridge piece or saddle forward a short distance so as to advance
the new row of sugar bars up towards the cutters, and then by depressing the lever
handle w he again starts the machine. When the box or case is full it is removed
and nailed up, and another is arranged in the machine in its place.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I would have it understood that I claim,-
First. The construction of machinery for cutting sugar, substantially as described.
Second. The construction of machinery for packing sugar, substantially as
described.
Third. The combination of machinery for cutting and packing sugar, substantially
as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Martineau have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Seventeenth day of February, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven