ComeTY THERA Looxo DORADA
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Starkey, John Haworth, Machinists, and James
Kay Phippin, Law Student, all of Salford, in the County of Lancaster,
for the Luvention of "ComeTY THERA Looxo DORADA
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Starkey, Jobn
Haworth, and James Kay Phippin at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 31st December 1863.
We, JOHN STARKEY, JOHN HAWORTH, Machinists, and JAMES KAY PHIPPIN,
Law Student, all of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates, first, to that portion of the loom called the "taking-up
motion," and consists in an arrangement of self-acting mechanism for decreasing
the rotation of the cloth roller as the fabric accumulates thereupon; 'such
mechanism consists of the ordinary lever vibrating upon a fulcrum near the
top, and having the usual two or more pawls above such fulcrum, which act
upon the ordinary ratchet wheel driving the cloth roller; in the lower end of
the lever a vertical slot or slide is formed, in which is a stud or sliding piece
connected with and receiving motion from the slay, the said stud being
attached by a band passing round a bowl at the lower end of the slay to a rod
acting on the periphery of the cloth roller. Thus as the fabric accumulates
on the roller the stud is drawn gradually down in the slot by the band, and so

page_text: gives a less throw to the pawls, and diminishes the rotation of the cloth
roller.
A second part of the Invention relates to an improved arrangement of
apparatus for driving the shuttle termed the "picking motion," which consists
in the use of a disc secured on a diagonal shaft, which is driven from the
crank shaft, and carrying on its periphery a bowl or stud which strikes
at every revolution a projection or finger secured to the "picking stick," and
tbus effects the sudden movement of the picking stick, and the propulsion of
the shuttle.
The picker and stick for propelling the shuttle constitutes a third part of the
Invention, and consists in facing or covering the "picking stick" with buffalo
hide, india-rubber, or other suitable material, and thereby dispensing with the
ordinary picker, the parallel action of the "picking stick" being obtained by a
rod or guide in the shuttle box, which passes through the "stick," the forward
concussion or driving motion of the stick being modified by an elastic cushion
at the end of the shuttle box, and the blow of the return movement is lessened
and governed by means of a wire and spring by which the "sticks" are attached
together, a long loop or slot being formed in the centre of the wire through
which a strong stud fixed to the slay passes, the wire being moved to and fro
each pick, and the movement of the "sticks" being governed by the loop
or slot.
The fourth part of the Invention relates to the motion for actuating the
healds, termed the heald or "shedding motion," and consists in the employ-
ment and use of an endless chain, cord, or band, partly encircling the
peripheries of the cams or eccentrics, to transmit the motion to the healds.
The cams or eccentrics are to be driven from a pinion on the crank shaft by
a toothed wheel rotating once whilst the crank shaft rotates twice, and one
portion of the chain or band passes round the cam, the lower part of the chain
passing round a bowl in connection with the heald levers, so that the move-
ment of the cam effects the rise and fall of the healds by means of the endless
chain.
Fifthly, our Invention relates to that part of the loom known as the
"weft motion" for stopping the loom when the weft breaks, and consist
in an arrangement of mechanism which may be thus described:-Upon
the slay of the loom is hinged a bell-crank lever, having its upper or vertical
end hooked; this lever is brought into a vertical position by means of an inclined
plane actuated by the "swell" in the shuttle box, and when in such position
is ready to act upon the bent end of the "balanced weft fork" should the
weft be disunited, which effects the stoppage of the loom in the ordinary way,

page_text: but if the weft be entire, the bent end of the "fork" is lifted above the
hooked end of the bell crank, and the progress of the weaving is not arrested.
Lastly, our Invention relates to the "warp beam," and is designed to regu-
late the pressure thereupon, and consequently the tension of the "warp ;" the
improvement consists in the use of screws having toothed or star wheel heads,
into which a stud or tooth on the "warp beam" gears at each revolution so
as to turn the screws, and gradually lessen the pressure of the india-rubber or
elastic bearings in which the warp beam is mounted as the warp becomes
unwound, or the said screw or screws may be attached to a wedge or wedges,
the withdrawal of which from beneath an elastic bed upon which the beam
bears will decrease the pressure thereupon.
Another part of the Invention consists in the use of two pressure rollers
above the " warp beam" between which the warp is passed, and from the
pressure of which it receives its tension; the uppermost of these rollers is
connected by an endless driving band or chain to the "sanded taking-up
roller," which becomes positively driven therefrom, thus the "letting off" and
taking up" are regulated in accordance with each other.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Starkey, John Haworth, and James Kay Phippin, in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 30th June 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
STARKEY, JOHN HAWORTH, Machinists, and JAMES KAY PHIPPIN, Law Student,
all of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said John Starkey, John Haworth, and James Kay Phippin, Her
special license that we, the said John Starkey, John Haworth, and James
Kay Phippin, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
we, the said John Starkey, John Haworth, and James Kay Phippin, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS

page_text: FOR WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said John
Starkey, John Haworth, and James Kay Phippin, our executors or admi-
nistrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or one of our, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Kay Phippin, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to say):
:-
Our Invention relates, first, to that portion of the loom called the "taking-
up motion," and consists in an arrangement of self-acting mechanism for
decreasing the rotation of the cloth roller as the fabric accumulates thereupon.
Such mechanism consists of the ordinary lever vibrating upon a fulcrum, and
having near the top the usual two or more pawls above such fulcrum, which
act upon the ordinary ratchet wheel driving the cloth roller; in the lower end
of the lever a vertical slot or slide is formed, in which is a stud or sliding
piece connected with and receiving motion from the slay; the said stud being
attached by a band passing round a bowl on the framing to a rod acting on
the periphery of the cloth roller. Thus as the fabric accumulates on the
roller the stud is drawn gradually in the slot by the band, and so gives a less
throw to the pawls, and diminishes the rotation of the cloth roller.
A second part of the Invention relates to an improved arrangement of
apparatus for driving the shuttle termed the "picking motion," which consists
in the use of a disc wheel, which is driven from the pinion on the crank shaft,
and having on its face a swell or incline, which strikes at every revolution a
bowl secured to a diagonal shaft, which is connected by means of a strap to
the "picking stick," and effects the sudden movement of the picking stick
and the propulsion of the shuttle.
This "picker and stick" for propelling the shuttle constitutes a third part
of the Invention, and consists in facing or covering the "picking stick" with
buffalo hide, india-rubber, or other suitable material; the parallel action of the
"picking stick" being obtained by a rod or guide in the shuttle box, which
passes through the stick, the forward concussion or driving motion of the
stick being modified by an elastic cushion at the end of the shuttle box.
The fourth part of the Invention relates to the motion for actuating the
healds termed the heald or "shedding motion," and consists in the employ-

page_text: ment and use of an endless chain, cord, or band partly encircling the peri-
pheries of the cams or eccentrics, to transmit the motion to the healds. The
cams or eccentrics are to be driven from a bevil pinion on the crank shaft by
a bevil wheel. rotating once whilst the crank shaft rotates twice, and one
portion of the chain or band passes round the cam, the lower part of the chain
passing round a bowl in connection with the heald levers, so that the move-
ment of the cam effects the rise and fall of the healds by means of the endless
chain.
Fifthly, our Invention relates to that part of the loom known as the "weft
motion," for stopping the loom when the weft breaks, and consists in an
arrangement of mechanism which may be thus described.:-Upon the slay of
the loom is hinged a bell-crank lever, having its upper or vertical end hooked;
this lever is brought into a vertical position by means of an inclined plane
actuated by the "swell" in the shuttle box; when in such position is ready to
act upon the bent end of the "balanced weft fork," should the weft be dis-
united, which effects the stoppage of the loom in the ordinary way; but if the
weft be entire the bent end of the "fork" is lifted above the hooked end of
the bell crank, and the progress of the weaving is not arrested.
warp beam
"
gears at each revolu-
pressure of the india-
Lastly, our Invention relates to the "warp beam," and is designed to
regulate the pressure thereupon, and consequently the tension of the warp.
The improvement consists in the use of screws having toothed or star-wheel
heads, into which a stud or tooth on the "
tion, so as to turn the screws and gradually lessen the
rubber or bearings in which the warp beam is mounted as the warp becomes
unwound; or the said screw or screws may be attached to a wedge or wedges,
the withdrawal of which from beneath an elastic bed upon which the beam
bears will decrease the pressure thereupon.
In order that the Invention may be better understood and explained in
detail, we have hereunto attached a Sheet of Drawings made upon a scale of
about two inches and a half to the foot, similar letters of reference being
marked upon corresponding parts in all the Figures.
Fig. 1 represents an end view of that part of the loom to which the
improved taking-up motion is attached, a, a, being the framing of the loom;
6, the ordinary vibrating lever or "monkey tail," moving the taking-up
ratchets c, c, c, and turning the cloth roller d; the rod e pressing upon the
surface of the cloth is attached by a hook to the adjustable link and chain f,
so that as the fabric accumulates the sliding bar g, to which the opposite end
of the chain is attached, is drawn down, and the link h working in the slot i is

page_text: brought nearer to the bearing of the slay i', and the action of the pawl is
decreased and less cloth taken up. The pawls are arranged in sets of four,
in order to act more accurately on the ratchets; and the dowle sets of pawls
k, k, are holding pawls to prevent reverse action of the wheel. These pawls
may all be lifted when required by the cords and fingers by means of the
stop rod of the loom (seen in Fig. 3). By removing the link h to any one of
the holes c', c, and 3, in the sliding bar 9 it will make a difference of five
"picks" to the inch, and the nut e¹ will adjust the taking-up motion to the
decimal part of a pick. Fig. 2 represents an end view of the loom, shewing
the "picking motion," which is effected by means of the disc wheels m, m,
which are driven by the pinions on the crank shaft o, and have upon their
faces a "swell" or incline, which at every revolution comes into contact with
the bowls sp on the diagonal shafts 9, 9, which are connected to the "picking
sticks" by means of straps, and thus effect the propulsion of the shuttle,
the alternate motion of the "picking stick " required being effected by causing
the disc wheels to revolve once whilst the crank shaft rotates twice, and so
arranging the position of the swells as to cause them to act alternately. This
view also exhibits the method of lessening and regulating the friction and
pressure on the bearings of the warp beam, r', Fig. 5, being a detached view
of the same, by withdrawing the wedges from beneath the clastic bed on
which the beam rests by means of the screws with star-wheel heads t, t, which
are turned by the contact of a bent stud u at each revolution of the beam.
This view and Fig. 3 also exhibit the mechanism for actuating the healds
v, v; w being the endless cord or band, the upper portion partly encircling
the cams x, x, by which means motion is transmitted to the healds, the lower
part of the bands passing round the bowls y, y, on the heald levers for shed-
ding, the said cams being driven from the crank shaft by the bevil wheels z, z.
Fig. 4 represents a plan view of the apparatus for stopping the loom when
the weft breaks, which is effected by means of a bell-crank lever 1 hinged to
the slay i, and having the upper or vertical end hooked; this lever is brought
into a vertical position by means of the inclined finger 2 acted upon by the
"swell" in the "shuttle box," and when in such position (that is, when the
shuttle is not in the box, and does not press the "swell") it is ready to act
upon the bent end of the "balanced weft fork" 3, should the weft be dis-
united or the shuttle not complete its "race," and by means of the bent finger
4 at the end of the "stop rod" 5, the frog c¹ of the loom is brought into
operation, and the spring handle released and the loom "stopped;" but if the
weft.be entire the bent end of the fork is lifted above the hooked end of the

page_text: bell-crank lever, and no contact taking place the loom is not stopped. In
Fig. 4, a is an auxilliary or expanding temple placed in the breast beam,
which assists the widening of the cloth as it passes over the beam.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, together with the
method of carrying the same into practical effect, we wish it to be distinctly
understood that we claim,-
First, the arrangement and construction of mechanism for effecting the
"taking-up" of the fabric when woven.
Secondly, the arrangement and combination of the apparatus for effecting
the propulsion of the shuttle termed the "picking motion," and also the
combination of the picker and stick, as described.
Thirdly, we claim the novel employment and use of the endless bands or
cords passing the peripheries of cams to transmit motion to the bealds, and
the general combination of the mechanism.
Fourthly, we claim the novel arrangement of the mechanism for effecting
the stoppage of the loom when the weft is disunited.
And, lastly, we claim the means whereby the pressure on the warp beam is
regulated, as herein-before described, set forth, and fully illustrated in the
Drawings attached.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Kay Phippin, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of June in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
25
JAMES KAY PHIPPIN. (L.S.)
Witnessed by
JOHN L. DAVIES,
Office for Patents,
4, St. Ann's Sqr., Manchester.