IMPROVE- . MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CUT PILE FABRICS
Year: 1855

page_text: borough Road, in the County of Surrey, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
.
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CUT PILE FABRICS."―A
communication..
Sealed the 18th April 1856, and dated the 14th December. 1855...
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Tomlinson Bous-
field at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 14th December 1855.
I, GEORGE TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Sussex Place, Loughborough Road,
in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CUT PILE FABRICS" to
be as follows:-
These improvements relate to the manufacture of such pile fabrics as are
first woven double, that is, two fabrics at one operation with the pile warps.
between them, and then cut apart by intersecting knives or cutters, thus
producing a velvet or cut pile face on each fabric. In weaving two fabrics
at one operation in the manner just alluded to, the pile warps in passing
from the lower to the upper fabric, and vice versa, cross each other at a line
forward of their respective cloth, forming points so that in order to make good
selvages, it is necessary to give a certain pull to the filling as the lathe beats
up, which it is not easy to do when the ordinary fly shuttle is used. The
frequent liability to smashes where two fly shuttles are operated simultaneously
is another objection to the use of the fly shuttle; the shuttle for the upper

page_text: fabric too has no suitable support when it passes between the warps, unless
intersecting bars are employed to keep the two fabrics apart, and extend back
through the reed, and thus form a race for the upper shuttle, which intersecting
bars when so used are objectionable on account of obstructing the move-
ment of the warps, and rendering it difficult to mend the broken threads.
The first part of the improvements is designed to overcome these diffi-
culties, and render the employment of intersecting pile wires for keeping
the two fabrics apart practicable, and consists in combining with a power loom
for weaving two pile fabrics at one-operation a double positive shuttle motion,
and operated in such manner as mechanically to hand two shuttles (one for
each fabric) through the sheds in the warp simultaneously, the said shuttles
being handed through the warps by means of arms or carriers, two on either
side of the loom, which simultaneously move towards and from the centre of
the web, two of the arms or carriers carrying the shuttles into their respective
sheds until they meet the other arms or carriers, which take the shuttles-to
the side of the loom opposite from whence they started.
Another part of the improvements for weaving two pile fabrics at one
operation consists in the employment of intersecting pile wires for keeping the
two fabrics apart in combination with the aforesaid double positive. :shuttle.
motion.
Another part of the improvements consists when using the above-mentioned
improvements in applying cams for operating..the shuttles, also cams for with-
drawing and inserting, the intersecting pile, wires, and also cams for moving
the lathe, whereby the motions required are given in a direct manner.
Another.part of the improvements consists in the employment of a rotating
cutter or cutters for dividing or cutting apart pile fabrics, which have been
woven double when said cutter or cutters are combined with the take-up rollers
for drawing the two fabrics apart, and carrying them forward as the cutting
operation proceeds. The take-up rollers to be used in combination with said
rotating cutter or cutters may be attached and operated with the loom, or they
may be operated in a separate frame.
The beating up of two heavy fabrics at once causes much strain upon
the reed, and as the dents of the reed are necessarily long to clear the double
shed, and as the path of the lathe is such as to bring them against the cloth
near the middle between the two bands, which is the weakest part of them,
another part of the improvements therefore consists in raising the reed as
the lathe advances to beat the cloth so as to bring the dents against the cloth
near the lower band, and depressing it again as the lathe. recedes, so as to
allow the shed to be formed. This part of the improvements also consists in

page_text: keeping the reed vertical, or nearly so, when the lathe swings, so that the
shuttles may be passed with less motion to the lathe than would otherwise
be required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Tomlinson Bousfield in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 14th June 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Sussex Place, Loughborough Road, in the County
of Surrey, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said George Tomlinson Bousfield, Her special licence that I, the said George
Tomlinson Bousfield, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention'
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CUT PILE FABRICS,"
(a communication,) upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
George Tomlinson Bousfield, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particu-
larly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Specification consists in part of eight Sheets of Drawings, in which
Figure 1 is a front elevation of the loom; Figure 2, a right-hand end eleva-
tion; Figure 3, a left-hand end elevation; Figure 4, a vertical section looking
towards the left; Figure 5, a horizontal section; and Figures 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 are details of the loom. Figure 16 is a front elevation of
19

page_text: the apparatus for dividing the carpets after they have been woven. Figure 17
is an end elevation of the same; and Figure 18 is a modification of the
mode of driving the cutters.
These improvements relate to the manufacture of such pile fabrics as are
first woven double, that is, two fabrics at one operation with the pile warps
between them, and then cut apart by intersecting knives or cutters, thus pro-
ducing a velvet or cut pile face on each fabric.
In weaving two fabrics at one operation in the manner just alluded to,
the pile warps in passing from the lower to the upper fabric, and vice versa,
cross each other at a line forward of their respective cloth, forming points so
that in order to make good selvages it is necessary to give a certain pull to the
filling as the lathe beats up, which it is not easy to do when the ordinary fly
shuttle is used. The frequent liability to smashes when two. fly shuttles are
operated simultaneously is another objection to the use of the fly shuttle; the
shuttle for the upper fabric too has no suitable support when it passes between.
the warps, unless intersecting bars are employed to keep the two fabrics apart,
and extend back through the reed, and thus form a race for said upper shuttle,
which intersecting bars when so used are objectionable on account of obstruct-
ing the movement of the warps, and rendering it difficult to mend the broken
threads.
The first part of the improvements therefore are designed to overcome these
difficulties, and render the employment of intersecting pile wires for keeping.
the two fabrics apart practicable, and consist in combining with the power
loom for weaving two pile fabrics at one operation a double positive shuttle
motion, so constructed and operated as to hand two shuttles (one for each
fabric) through the warps simultaneously, said shuttles being handed through
the warps by means of arms, two on either side of the loom, which simul-
taneously move towards and from the centre of the web, two of the arms
carrying the shuttles into their respective sheds until they meet the other arms,
which take them to the side of the loom opposite from whence they started;
the motion of the shuttles alternating first in one direction and then in the
other, said shuttles being so constructed and combined with the loom shipper
as to throw the loom out of gear when the filling fails in either shuttle, and
when at either side of the loom.
Another part of the improvements for weaving two pile fabrics at one
operation consists in the employment of intersecting pile wires for keeping the
two fabrics apart when said intersecting pile wires are used in combination
with the aforesaid double positive shuttle motion.
Another part of the improvements consists in the mode of applying the

page_text: cams for operating the shuttles, also the cams for withdrawing and inserting
the. intersecting pile wires, and also the cams for moving the lathe, whereby the,
motions required are given in a direct manner.
Another part of the improvements consists in the employment of a rotating.
cutter or cutters for dividing or cutting apart pile fabrics which have been.
woven double when said cutter or cutters are combined with take-up rollers.
for drawing the two fabrics apart, and carrying them forward as the cutting
operation proceeds. The take-up rollers to be used in combination with.
said rotating cutter or cutters may be attached and operated in connection
with the loom, or they may be operated in a separate frame, as represented in
the accompanying Drawings.
The beating up of two heavy fabrics at once, causes much strain upon the .
reed, and as the dents of the reed are necessarily long to clear the double shed,,
and as the path of the lathe is such as to bring them against the cloth
near the middle between the two bands, which is the weakest part of them,,
another part of the improvements therefore consists in raising the reed as.
the lathe advances to beat up the cloth. so as to bring the dents against the
cloth near the lower bands; and depressing it again as the lathe recedes, so as
to allow the shed to be formed. This part of the improvements also consists:
in keeping the reed vertical, or nearly so, when the lathe swings, so that the
shuttles may be passed with less motion to the lathe than would otherwise,
be required.
These improvements, though they may be used in looms without any
jacquard apparatus, are also particularly applicable to the weaving of fabrics
wrought with the double jacquard apparatus for operating the figuring warps;
in two fabrics, whereby a great saving of worsted may be effected, for by this.
means I am enabled either to produce fabrics with a greater variety of colors.
in the figure for the number of warps woven into the body of the cloth, or
with the same variety of colors in the figure to produce a thicker pile in pro-
portion to the number or weight of threads woven into, the body of the cloth.
a, a, représents the side framing of the loom, and b, b, the cross girths; c, c,
represent the ground warps, each fabric having separate warps, which are put,
on to their respective warp beams d, d, and pass from thence through their
respective heddles e; e, and reed f to the take-up rollers g, g, h, h, h, represent.
the figuring warps, which pass from their respective heddle eyes in the jacquard
harness to be taken up in the cloth according to the figures required thereon..
The two fabrics are kept the required distance apart for a suitable length of
pile by intersecting pile wires i, i, i, which are successively withdrawn and
inserted at appropriate periods of time, during the operation of weaving.

page_text: j represents the driving shaft, which through the medium of the. pinion k and.
cogged wheel l, turns the lathe shaft m, and the lathe shaft m, through: the
medium of the cog wheels n and o, turns the cam shaft.p, said cogged wheels
ni and o being in the ratio of one of the former to three of the latter. The lathe
shaft m through the medium of the mitre gears q, q, turns their respective
shuttle cams r, r, for operating the shuttles, the said shuttle cam r on the left
hand side of the loom being carried by the cross shaft s, whilst the said shuttle
cam on the right-hand side of the loom is carried by the tube t, which turns
on the cross shaft u, herein-after to be described.
The cross shaft s is supported by bearings on the girths. v, v, said girths
being secured at their inner ends to the side framing a, a, of the loom, and at:
their outer ends to the stand w. x represents a stand on the right-hand side
of the loom, which is connected with the main frame by the girths y and z..
a', a', represent sliding bars, to which the shuttle arms b¹, b', b¹, b¹, are
respectively attached, which sliding bars slide to and fro on their respective
ways or guide plates c', c'. The said guide plates c¹, c, are secured to their
respective bed plates p³, p³, which are supported at their inner ends by the:
side framings a, a, of the loom, and at their outer ends by their respective
stands w and x.
:
The sliding bars a³, a¹, have a simultaneous motion towards and from the
centre of the loom to carry the shuttles across the web, and; are actuated by
the shuttle cams r, r, through the medium of their respective cam rollers d', d¹,.
levers e¹, e¹, and connecting bars f¹, f¹. The shuttle cams r, r, are so formed
as to cause the shuttles to continue their motion a little after the lathe has.
started forward to beat up the filling, which movement of the shuttles, together
with the action of the lathe, gives the required pull to the filling to form the
selvage of the cloth. Two shuttles are employed, one for each fabric, and
each of the sliding bars a', a', before mentioned, carry two shuttle arms,.
one for each shuttle, so that the two shuttles are operated simultaneously by
the same moving parts.
The shuttles g', g', are provided at either end with handles h', h¹, which
engage with sockets in the ends of the said shuttle arms b', 6', suitably formed-
to receive them. The said sockets are made bell-shaped at their openings; to:
facilitate the ingress of the said shuttle handles h¹, h, and wedged-shaped
guards, , extend beyond the mouth of said sockets on the back side of said
shuttle handles h¹, h', to freely clear the warps as they enter the shed. The
manner in which the shuttle handles h¹, h³, engage with their respective
sockets in the shuttle arms b¹, b, is represented in Figures 1, 5, 9, and 10;:
, represent latch levers, which are affixed at their outer ends to their

page_text: respective shafts.k, k, whilst the springs:,, constantly tend to throw the.
hooks.m!, m', on their inner ends into action, so: that when, the said shuttle:
handles enter their sockets, the. said hooks glide over the points thereof, and
lock into the openings: n, n¹, in said shuttle handles, and securely hold them.
until they are released: As the hooks of both. sets of shuttle arms have a ten-
dency to engage with their respective shuttle. handles as: they come together.
in the middle of the web, it is necessary that they should. be alternately held
back or released, in order that the shuttles may take.the.right direction;..this:
is effected as follows:-The arms o¹, o, are affixed: to the upper ends of their:
respective shafts,, and have. their projecting, ends. bent back in a suitable
manner to act on the cam-like projections. on the arms p', pl. The arms p³, p',.
are affixed to their respective rock shafts t', t¹, which. extend back through the:
stands q', q',-and have the arms r¹, r, projecting downwards. from their rear:
ends, which arms r³, r, are connected together.by the: rod s¹.. From the rear.
end of the rock shaft t, on the right-hand side of the loom, the arm u
extends, which is: connected by the rod to the lever w. The lever w!,
through the medium of the roller a¹, receives motion from the tappet y
attached to the heddle tappets, hereafter to be described,. said tappet.y', being;
so shaped as to alternately depress and: elevate the arms p,p', and bring the
cam-like projections thereon alternately into action.
The construction of the shuttle is represented in Figures 9 and 10,. the
filling bobbin being placed on a skewer in the usual way; the filling passes
from the bobbin ¹ through the eye a²; under the tension.binder 2,.around the
guide, between the grid and thread fork .d²; out, through the eye e in, the:
side of the shuttle. The thread fork d is formed: as represented in Figures: 9:
and: 10, and swings on the stud pin f. The spring constantly tends to
force the tines of the thread fork through the openings. in. the grid,.but when a
thread of filling is between said tines and said. grid,, the. double hook * is, kept
within the line of the shuttle; but when the thread: of: filling. fails,, said tines:
pass tlirough said grid, and cause the said. double hook h² to project beyond.
the line of the shuttle, as shown by dotted lines in Figure 10. , represent:
rock levers, which rock on studs. extending upwards from: their respective
stands, . Each of said rock levers ³, has. a. wide arm extending:
towards the shuttles, and another. armim² extending. towards. the centre of the:
loom, the arms m², m³, being connected by their respective rods nº, n², to the.
sp, p, on the rock shaft q. The, rock shaft q rocks in bearings, one on
either side of the loom, and has on its left-band end an arm 7, which is so,
placed under the shipper, as, when raised, to throw the loom out of gear.
When, therefore, the shuttles are properly provided with. filling, the double:
arms

page_text: hook h² passes clear of the wide arms 1, 3, and produces.no action; but when
the filling fails, the said double tooth acts on one or another. of the said wide
arms, according to the direction the shuttle may be moving, and throws the
loom. out of gear.. The wide arms , P, being wide enough to receive the
double hook h² of either shuttle, the loom will be stopped by the failure of
the filling of either one of them.
The mode of operating the intersecting pile wires i, i, i, is as follows:-They
are formed with a head and eye on one end, as. represented in Figure. 1-1, and
the body thereof may be round, oval, or flat, according to the character of
the cloth to be wrought. The latch or hook for drawing the said pile wires:
from the cloth is represented by s², and may be seen distinctly in Figures 1, 2,
and 5. It has a movement towards and from the selvage of the cloth, and
is carried by the bar t, which traverses on the sliding bar u.. The latch or
hook s has also a vibratory motion on the stud ³, and is: pressed towards the
pile.wires i,.,.i, by the spring w², and is prevented from swinging too far for its
proper action on said pile wires by the stop pin a. When said latch or hook
approaches the selvages of the cloth, the bevelled part of said latch or hook
glides over the head of the pile wire to be acted upon, and locks or hooks on
to the straight part y of the eye; then as the said latch or hook recedes
from the selvage of the cloth, it draws the said pile wire out from between
the two fabrics.
When the said pile wire has nearly completed its outward movement, and
its inner end is about to drop from the cloth, its outer, or head end is
received from the latch or hook.82 by the carrier 2, and its inner end by
the forked bar a³; then when said carrier and forked bar are thus armed
with a wire, they move in unison .back with the latch to the point when
they are to be inserted between the warps of the two fabrics, as represented in
Figure 2; then the said forked bar stops, and the said carrier moves towards
the selvage of the cloth, sliding the said pile wire through the guide and
over the said forked bar a³, until it is fairly introduced between the warps;
then the said forked bar drops down to make way for the said carrier, which
completes the insertion of the said pile wire, and moves forward with it to the
fill of the two fabrics respectively, and holds it: in position until it is secured
by the tieing in of the warps by the filling. A full-sized end view of the
carrier is given in Figure 12, and a front view thereof in Figure 13. An
end view of the socket in said carrier, which. receives the heads of the pile
wires, is represented. at.c³, and d³ represents an opening in the. front side
thereof, to allow the latch or hook
Figure 13 represents. a. pile wire after
to pass. as it draws in a pile wire.
it has been drawn into the socket.

page_text: represents a spring binder, provided with a bulge or convex projection f³ on
its lower end, which sinks into the eye of the pile wires as they are drawn
into the socket, and holds them in position; and though the spring e' is stiff
enough to keep the pile wires in the socket during this movement, it is not so
stiff but that the said socket can be withdrawn from the said wires after they
have been secured by the warps without displacing them. The carrier z² is
attached to the bar g', which traverses the sliding bar h³ at the upper ends of
the straight arms 3, 3, said arms 23,, being attached at their lower ends to
the rock shaft. The forked bar a3 slides up and down in the guides k³, 1³,
and is actuated by the cam P, which imparts its motion to the bar a³, through
the medium of the roller m³ and treadle n³.
Motion is given to the aforesaid latch or hook and carrier by the cross shaft
u, which is supported by bearings on the cross girths (y and 2), and connected
with the cam shaft p by the mitre gears 03, 03. The crank q³, through the
medium of the rollers, which works in the slot s³, the lever t³ and connecting
bar u, moves the latch or hook 83; and the cam v³, through the medium of the
depending lever w³, connecting bar y', upright lever 2³, and connecting bar a',
move the carrier. Instead of the latch or hook for drawing the pile wires
from the cloth above described, forceps, pliers, or pincers may be employed.
Instead also of a series of pile wires being employed, and successively acted
upon by a hook or pliers as aforesaid, only one or two may be used, in which
case each of said wires may be permanently affixed to a carrier, by which it
may be withdrawn and inserted in the usual way.
The mode of operating the lathe, and of raising the reed to prevent the
beat from bending the dents, is as follows:-The lathe is suspended from the
rock shaft b, b, which rocks in the bearings c', c. The swords d', d', of
the lathe extend downwards below the warps, and are provided with cam.
rollers e, e, which receive the proper vibratory motion from the double cams
f, f. 9 represents a girth to connect the swords d', d', together. The
reed is placed in a frame, in which e represents the reed cap, and f" the.
race beam or its equivalent, and 9" the reed binder; the reed cap e", and
the race beam f", being connected together by the two end pieces h*, h; it, i,
represent studs, projecting from either end of the end pieces h, h, which ply
in their respective grooves j, j', and k, k, in the lathe swords; represents
a rock shaft, which rocks in projections on the lathe swords, and has two arms
extending forward from it, which are connected by their respective rods m*, m*,
to the reed frame just described; and from the left-hand end of said shaft,
another arm extends downward, and is connected by the rod n* to the girth b,
so that as the lathe advances to beat up the cloth, the said reed frame is raise

page_text: so as to cause the reed to strike the cloth near its lower band, where the dents.
are firm and well supported; then as the lathe recedes, the said reed frame
descends, to allow the shed to be formed, as represented in the Drawings.
A part of the upper grooves j, j, is formed diagonally, so as to bring the
reed to a vertical position when it. strikes the cloth, for by thus vibrating the
top of the reed, and keeping it nearly vertical during the beating-up of
the cloth and the passing of the shuttles, the shuttles may be passed with less;
traverse of the lathe than would be otherwise required. The heddles e, e, for
the ground warps, are arranged in frames, and connected by straps above and
below to jack levers o, 0, 0, 0, in the usual way. p, p, represent the
heddle tappets, which are connected with the hub of the bevil gear 1, which
turns loosely on the cross shaft u, before mentioned. The heddle tappets p*, p*,
receive motion from the cam shaft p, through the bevil gear acting on the
said gear q, the size of the latter being twice that of the former. The beddle
tappets. p, p, communicate motion to their respective jack levers o*, o*, o*; o*,.
through the medium of the levers-s, st, and connecting rods t*, t*.
The jacquard apparatus and its connection with the figuring warps will now
be described.
.
This machine rests on the cross beams u', u', and is adjusted in its vertical
position to the varying length of the harness by the cams v, v, on the shafts.
w, w', which shafts are-connected together by the shaft x, and are turned and
held in position by the worms y, y, acting on their respective worm wheels ; *:.
The stands a, a, support the ends of the shafts w, w, and guide and steady:
the feet of the jacquard frame.
.
The jacquard harness is divided into two parts, one of which is connected
with the figuring warps in connection with the upper fabric, and the other.
part with the figuring warps which work in connection with the lower fabric.
The heddle eyes 65, 6, through which the figuring warps h, h, before men-
tioned, pass, and the weights c³, c, are suspended from the portions of the said
jacquard harness in the usual way. Each portion of the said jacquard harness
has its separate trap board, suspension boards, and guide boards, but both pass.
through one comber board, which is represented by d. The part of the
harness connected with the figuring warps of the lower fabric is arranged and
operated in the usual way; that is to say, the cords e, e, are suspended from.
the suspension board f, and are provided with knots go, go, by which such of
the cords as are required from time to time to form the figure, are lifted by
the trap board, through which they pass, and from thence they pass.
through the eyes of their respective needles n³, no, down through. the guide.
board- and comber board, to the heddle eyes. ", ", before mentioned.

page_text: This part of the harness is also provided with knots 1, 7, by which the heddle
eyes 6, 6, are lifted by the comber board, as herein-after to be explained.
The part of the harness which is connected, with the figuring warps of the
upper fabric operates in a reverse manner from that just described; for, when
the harness cords are acted upon to form the figure, they descend in the one
case and ascend in the other. The cords of this part of the harness are
suspended from the moveable suspension board, and pass down through the
guide board, the eyes of their respective needles n³, n³, trap board m³, guide.
board o', and the comber board d³, to their respective heddle eyes 68, 6. These
cords are provided with knots p, p, by which such of the cords as are. not
required to descend from time to time to form the figure are held up by the
said trap board m³. The comber board &, trap board h³, suspension board k³,
and trap board m³ are provided at either end with guide tubes q, ³, which
slide up and down on their respective guide rods 25, 25, and the said guide.
tubes 9,, have respectively jointed to them one end of the lifting rods or
bars 8, 8, whilst the other ends of the said lifting rods or bars s³, 85, are jointed.
to their respective levers to, t,, which extend from their respective: rock shafts,
us, us, and v³, vs. As the trap board h ascends whilst the suspension board.
descends, and vice versa, the rock shafts u, u, v, v, to which they are
respectively attached, are connected together by the arms w³, us, and bar a³,,
so that one cam will operate both, and as the same is true of the comber,
board and, trap board m³, the rock shafts v', v, to which they are respec-
tively attached, are also connected by the arms y', 'y', and the bar 28, so that
one cam will operate them also. a, a, are arms which extend from their
respective shafts us and ³, and are connected with their respective rock levers.
6º, 6º, by the connecting bars c, c". The rock levers 6º, 6º, rock on the stud;
do, and through the medium of the rollers ", e, receive motion from their
respective double cams fe, fo, which actuate the jacquired harness.
The loom is organized, and the cams f, fo, so formed as to put three shoots
of filling into each fabric for every one of the pattern cards brought into
action, that is, one shoot on the back and two on the face of the cloth..
:
The loom is represented in that stage of its operation when the last of the:
said three shoots of filling is about to be introduced, a pile wire inserted, and;
a new pattern card has just been brought agaist the needles and pushed into
the holes of the trap, board m³, the cords connected with the figuring threads.
of the upper fabric which are required to form its portion of the figure, and
pushed into the slots of the trap board h³, the cords connected with the
figuring threads of the lower fabric which are required to form the remaining.
portion of the figure, so that the next movement of the jacquared machine,

page_text: will be to form the sheds for a new series of filling threads, beginning with
the back or ground shoot. For this object, the trap board h³ and the sus
pension board begin to move a little in advance of the trap board m³ and
comber board d³, to secure the trapping of the cords the card has acted upon
to form its part of the figure; then when the trapping of the cords has been
thus secured, the said suspension board and the trap board m³ descend
simultaneously until all the figuring warps of the upper fabric are brought
down midway between the two ground warps, and whilst this has been taking
place the said trap board h³ and comber board d³ have ascended to bring all
the figuring warps of the lower fabric up to the same position. Now, the
back or ground shoot of filling is introduced, then the trap board m³ ascends
and takes back to the upper part of the shed all the figuring threads of the
upper fabric whose cards have not been pushed into its holes, as aforesaid,
and the comber board d³ descends with all the figuring warps in the lower
fabric whose cards have not been pushed into the slots of the said trap board,
as aforesaid, and simultaneously with these movements the suspension board
continues its descent, carrying down its selected figuring warps to the shed
of the lower fabric, and the trap board h³ continues its ascent, carrying up its
selected figuring warps into the shed of the upper fabric. Now, the second
shoot of filling is introduced to bind into their respective fabrics the figuring
warps which have been transferred from one fabric to the other, as aforesaid.
Then the suspension board and trap board ho return to their original
position, carrying back to their respective fabrics the figuring warps connected
with them when the third shoot of filling is introduced to bind them therein,
and the operation repeated as before. The order of motions just described is
such as answer well for some descriptions of carpets, but they may be varied
to suit any other description of goods to be made. The needles no, no, pattern
card go, and card prism h aro constructed and operated in the usual way.
The card prism he is supported by the sliding bars i, 2, which are connected
with the rock shaft jo by the arms e, ko. The arm 1 on the said rock shaft
is connected to the rock lever m° by the rod nº; and the cam o, through the
medium of the parts just described, moves the card prism he out to change
the cards whilst the weight po draws it into action again. 7 represents a
lever, by which the weaver by pulling the cord can turn the said card prism
he to set the pattern card without moving the trap boards.
The next part of the machinery to be described relates to dividing the two
fabrics after they have been woven, and, as before mentioned, it may be con-
nected with the loom or it may be applied in a separate frame, as represented
in the Drawings. ., 86, represents the separate frame just alluded to; to, the

page_text: rotating cutter or cutters; u, the roller on which the double cloth is wound
preparatory to its being divided; v,, the delivering rollers which determine
the speed at which the cloth is to be delivered to the cutter or cutters;
9, 9, 9, 9, are the take-up rollers for drawing, the two fabrics apart, and
carrying them forward as the cutting operation proceeds; and wo, w³, are guide
rollers which determine the strain to be given to the pile at the time it is
being cut. The rollers, ^, are provided with spurs to hold the cloth, and
are geared together by the gears a, a, which receive motion through, the
wheel y and pinion 20 from the driving shaft a'. The double cloth is passed
from the roller u between the delivering rollers v, vo, thence up between the
guide rollers w, w, where it is divided by the rotating cutter or cutters to,
and when so divided the two fabrics 67, 67, pass to their respective take-up
rollers g. 9, 9, 9, by which they are drawn away. The take-up rollers g, 9, 9, 9,
are driven from the delivering rollers, 6, by their respective bands c', c, and
pulleys d', d', d, d, said pulleys being so graduated as to cause the bands
c, c, to slip in proportion to the pull or strain required upon the cloth. The
delivering rollers v, v, having a positive motion, determine the speed at which
the double cloth is delivered to the cutters, whilst the take-up rollers 9, 9, 9, 9,
by the slipping of their respective bands c', c', as aforesaid, give the required
tension to each fabric, and as the two fabrics are thus drawn around their
respective guide rollers w, w, the pile between them to be cut is drawn
straight with more or less tension, as the cutting edge (or edges) of the said
cutter or cutters is more or less above the centre line of the said guide rollers.
The double cloth on the roller u is kept straight by the strap d" and pace.
weight e. The revolving cutter or cutters to revolves on a stud extending
from the sliding bar f", which slides to and fro in the groove 9' in the bar h².
7 represents a bent lever which vibrates on the stud 7, and has one arm
connected by the bar to the said sliding bar f, whilst the other arm is
connected by the rod to the crank m" on the aforesaid driving shaft a', so.
that as the driving shaft a revolves, it causes the said cutter or cutters to
travel across the cloth. To give a rotating motion to the cutter or cutters
te, the cord n' is passed around the groove o' in the hub or hubs of said cutter
or cutters, and made fast at either end, so that the vibrating of the cutters'
causes then to rotate on their axes. Instead of deriving the rotary motion of
the cutters from their vibratory motion, as just described, they may be driven
(and I prefer to do so when high speed is required) from an independent.
driver, acting on a pulley p' on the stud of the bent lever, as represented in
Figure 18. From the pulley p' the band 97 passes around the guide pulleys
7,77, to the cutters to (or one of them), and motion is imparted from one to:

page_text: the other by a separate band. One or more cutters may be employed
according to the character of the fabric to be cut; the greater the number of
cutters, the less will be the vibratory motion required. A sharpener may be
attached to the sliding bar f, and brought in contact with the edges of the
rotating cutters in such a manner as to sharpen them during their operation.
Instead of the cutters revolving in the manner described, an endless band of
flat steel may be used with a cutting edge on one side thereof, said band
being driven by, and made to pass around, pulleys at either side of the frame;
and kept in a line by straight guides at the plain of cutting.
The mode of driving the loom may be understood as follows:-87 represents
the friction cone affixed to the driving shaft j, and t the belt cone which is
made to engage with said friction cone s to drive the loom, and is withdrawn
from it to stop the loom. A cross section of these cones and the shipping
lever, hereafter to be described, is given in Figuro 7, the face of said friction
cone s being covered with leather, as represented by u. 68, 6, are projections
cast on the cones to keep the oil from working from the journal up on to their
friction surfaces. To facilitate the oiling of the belt cone when the belt is in
motion, and to retain the oil on the shaft, the outer end of the shaft hole
in the hub of said belt cone is partly covered so as to form a sort of oil cup,
as seen at 7, into which the oil may be introduced through the tube w in the
shipping lever 7. Partly covering the shaft hole in the hub of the belt cone
also furnishes a fair wearing surface for the shipping lover to act on to
press the cones together when in action. The cavities in the side of the
shipping lever which act on said hub may be lined with Babbets metal.
The shipping lever vibrates at its rear end on the stud y', and at its forward
end is connected and supported by the arm 27 on the upright rock shaft a".
6 represents a lug attached to the inner side of the said shipping lever,
which plys in the groove c³, and draws the belt cone out of action when the
shipping lever is moved for that purpose.
To the upper end of the rock shaft as the shipper d³ is attached, and extends
forward and works on the stands in a similar manner to shippers in common
looms, except it is in a horizontal instead of a vertical position. The weaver
by the handle f draws the belt cone into action to start the loom, and when
the shipper.de is released from the notch 98; the spiral shipper spring h³ on the
said rock shaft a³ draws the said belt cone out of gear to stop the loom. The
collar is put on to the driving shaft j, to resist the pressure of the shipping
lever on the belt cone. There is sufficient yielding of the parts, as described,
to prevent undue pressure of the belt cone upon the friction cone; but to give
a greater latitude for adjustment, I sometimes make a part of the shipping

page_text: lever in the form of a spring. In applying these friction driving cones to
looms which require a balance wheel, I attach it to the belt cone, or add its
equivalent in weight thereto, which avoids the arresting of the balance wheel
when the loom is stopped.
'
represents the friction brake for overcoming the momentum of the loom
when thrown out of gear, which vibrates on the stud-, and has one end curved
to conform to the brake surface of the friction cone, whilst the other end
extends forward under the cam (on the rock shaft as before mentioned), and
carries the roller m³. The cam is so shaped that when the weaver draws
the shipper d³ towards the loom start it, it releases the roller m³, and sets
the loom free; but when said shipper d³ is thrown outward to stop the
loom, the said cam acts on said
action..
to
er m³, and brings the said brake into
.
It will be seen from this description that the brake will come into action
whenever the shipper is released to throw the loom out of gear, but it is some-
times necessary for the weaver to turn the loom by hand without moving the
shipper; and for this purpose the said brake may be liberated, as follows:-
n³ represents an arm, the lower end of which is formed like a fork to act on
the outer end of the roller m8, whilst its upper end is affixed to the rock shaft o
which extends through the loom frame, and has the arm ps on its inner end:
³ represents a foot treadle, which extends along the front side of the loom,
and is, connected to the arm ps by the rod rs. To set the loom free, the weaver
as be approaches it has only to step on the treadle q, which forces the roller m³
from under the cam 18. and releases the break, whilst the projection 88 prevents
the said roller m³ from rising above the small part of the cam P, so that when
the loom is again started, the spring ts will be sure to force said roller m³ under
said cam for another operation.
'
The mode of delivering or giving out the ground warps is as follows:-In
looms for weaving double cloth like that just described, two sets of delivering
apparatus are employed, one for each warp beam; both, however, act upon the
same principle, the upper one being slightly modified in its construction to
accommodate itself to the position of the warp beam above the web.
These improvements are designed to work in connection with what is known
as the "positive take-up," which may be of any of the usual forms which
take up a given length of cloth every given number of threads of filling
introduced.
The take-up motion represented in the Drawings consists of two rollers 'd, d,
before mentioned, between which the cloth passes, said rollers being armed
with spurs to prevent the cloth from slipping, and actuated by the worm us,

page_text: which communicates its motion through the medium of the worm wheel v³,
pinion w, and wheel a³.
As the principle of both sets of let-off apparatus is the same, I shall
describe them as one, taking the lower one as an example, the same letters
referring to like parts in both: y represents the tension roller, which is
carried by the arms 28 extending from the shaft a', as represented in Figures
2, 3, and 4.
The shaft aº, when the tension roller acts on the warps rocks on its bearings
6º, 6º, in the loom frame co, represents an arm extending from the shaft a³, and
is jointed to the upper end of the regulating rod do.
To hold the warps at the beat of the lathe, and for other purposes which
will be herein-after explained, the regulating rod d' is connected with a brake
or holding lever, in the following manner:- represents a bar, which is
secured to the regulating rod do, and has its two faces 9, 9%, covered with
leather; he represents a rock shaft, which extends across the loom (to act on
both sets of let-off apparatus at the same time), and rocks in the stands 2º, 2º.
From each of the stands just mentioned (one for each set of apparatus), the
arm extends upwards, and terminates in the form of a jaw, to act on one
of the leather covered faces of the bar f; and k represents a lever affixed to
the said rock shaft h, the upper end of which also terminates in a jaw to grip
the other face of the bar fs.. The said jaws whenever it is required to hold the
said tension roller y³ are brought into action by the cam P, which causes them
to grasp the barf similarly to the action of a vice, the said cam imparting
its motion to the lever, through the medium of the roller m³ and lever n°.
The lower end of the lever ko is connected by the strap 0° to the rock lever p³
on the let-off shaft, said rock lever p being drawn forward to turn the said
let-off shaft by the lower arm of the lever ko, and drawn back again by the
spring q°. The rock lever p³ at one end carries the pawl (see Figure 4) so,
which acts on the ratchet to, to turn the let-off shaft r, whilst the other end
is provided with a series of notches uº, u³, successively rising one above the
other, said notches being employed in regulating the delivery of the warps, as
follows represents a lever, the rear end of which vibrates on the stud w;
whilst its forward end is connected with the aforesaid regulating rod d; and
x³ represents a pawl, projecting down from the said lever vº, which is suitably.
formed to engage with the notches uº, u, before mentioned. The let-off shalf,
through the action of the worm y' and worm wheel, turns the warp beam d
when required to deliver out the warps..
When more warps are required than are being given out, the tension roller
y is depressed, which raises the pawl aº, and allows the rock lever p' a greater

page_text: range of motion, and consequent action upon the warp beam; then, when
more warps are being given out than are for the time being required, the said
tension roller is elevated, and the said pawlx depressed, so as to diminish the
range of said rock lever, and thus the delivery of the warps becomes self-
regulating, and is at all times adapted to the actual requirements of the
loom.
"
The last part of the Invention, that which consists in the mode of delivering
out the figuring warps, will now be described.
The figuring warps h, h, are put on to spools a, a, each spool being pro-
vided with catches or stop pins 610, 610, as represented in Figure 15. The
spools are arranged in frames or creels co, co, as represented in Figures 14
and 15, said frames or creels clo, clo, being supported by the posts do, do, as
shewn in Figure 2, in which their rear ends are represented as broken off, it
being thought sufficient to show their forward parts. Each spool turn's on
a pin or skewer, which rests in its respective grooves el, el, as shewn in
Figure 14, which with Figure 15 represents a spool with the delivering appa-
ratus full size. The catch lever is composed of two arms f10 f10, which are
connected together at their forward ends by the plate go; on which the tension
weight acts, as will herein-after be explained. The arms f10, fo, swing on
the wire ho, and have the catches 10, 10, formed on their under sides.
The wire ho extends across the frames or creels 'co, co, and while it serves
to support as many of the catch levers as there are rows of spools in the width
of the said frames or creels, it at the same time serves as one of the guides to
the warp thread h of the bobbin next in the rear of it, as shown in Figure 14.
10 represents another wire, which also extends across the said frames or creels,
and serves as the other guide for said figuring thread h, said guides giving
such direction to said figuring thread as to cause the tension weight to pro-
perly act thereon. 10 represents the tension weight, which has an arm or pin
710 extending from it; which is provided with an open sided eye mo, by which
it is suspended from the warp, each thread or spool having its respective
weight.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows:-As any given thread of the
warp is drawn forward by being taken up in the cloth, the tension weight 10
is drawn upwards till the upper end of the arm or pin 7° strikes against the
plate glo, and lifts the catch (or catches), ; from its respective catch or
stop pin 610, which allows the weight 10 to turn the bobbin and draw off the
warp; and as the warp is thus drawn off, the said weight 10 descend with the
warp,
and allows the said catch or catches to engage with another of the said
catch or stop pins 610, and arrest the further movement of the spool until more
P

page_text: warp is required, when it is again released, and allowed to turn as before.
By thus suspending a weight from each thread of warp, a separate and
constant tension is secured, while the action of said weight upon its respective
catch lever causes each thread to bo given out according to the demand made
upon it by the loom, however much the demand upon one thread may vary
from that of another.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I make no claim to any
of the mechanical parts separately, nor do I confine myself to the details of
the construction herein described; but what I claim is, the organizing and
combining the parts of a loom for making two piled fabrics at the same time,
whether with or without jacquard apparatus, in such manner that the two
shuttles used may (in place of being fly shuttles, as heretofore,) have a positive
mechanical motion given to them when they are being passed from side to
side of the loom.
I also claim the use of pile wires when weaving two fabrics simultaneously
in looms wherein positive motion is given to the two shuttles.
I also claim the combined use of cams for operating the positive motions
of the shuttles, for inserting and withdrawing the pile wires, and for actuating
the lathe.
I also claim the raising and lowering of the reed, and the keeping it
vertical, or nearly so, when beating up the two fabrics therewith, as herein
described.
And I also claim the use of rotary cutter or cutters in combination with
take-up rollers for dividing the two fabrics, woven together as above
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of June, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
Witness,
F. G. KIRCHNER,
2, New Court,
St. Swithin's Lane, City.
GEO. T. BOUSFIELD. (L.B.)