A Process for Generating Carbonic Acid Gas and Apparatus Connected therewith.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Feb., 1887
Complete Left, 7th Nov., 1887
Complete Accepted, 9th Dec., 1887
A Process for Generating Carbonic Acid Gas and Apparatus
Connected therewith.
I, JOHN MANGNALL of 5 Stanley Street. Harpurhey Manchester, Civil Engineer
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows
upon
The basic carbonate is introduced into a hopper in which it is ground to a powder
and falls into a cylindrical vessel fitted with an upright shaft carrying radial arms
it arranged "screwwise" the bottom of this vessel is perforated or made with
gauze" and a stream of water is played upon its underside whereby the carbonate
is washed through in a finely divided state this mixture of carbonate and water passes
either direct into the generator or an intermediate vessel.
[C
The acid employed to decompose the carbonate if solid is prepared in a similar
manner but if liquid (which is usual) is drawn from the vessel containing it by the
following arrangement.
An enclosed intermittent syphon cistern supplied with water by means of a valve
empties itself down a pipe of suitable dimensions the suction of which is employed to
rarify the atmosphere of a receiver which is connected by means of a sufficiently
trapped pipe with the acid supply and likewise has a pipe also sufficiently trapped
leading to the generator or an intermediate vessel.
The water supply valve of the syphon cistern is opened and closed intermittently by
mechanical means and an air tube from the generator supplies the necessary pressure
for the syphon to discharge the contents of the cistern & the trapped contents of the
acid receiver.
The traps of the acid receiver may be sealed with the acid itself or in some cases
liquid mercury when preferred.
In place of the intermittent syphon, a pump, bellows or syringe may be substituted
to rarify the atmosphere of the acid receiver, in which case an air valve is fitted to it
& is periodically opened and closed by mechanical means in order that the acid contents
of the receiver may flow into the generator.
In order to regulate the correct equivalent supplies of each substance to mutually
decompose each other the acid is primarily set to be slightly in excess, the waste pipe

page_text: of the generator is made of copper and has enclosed within it a zinc rod insulated,
from the zinc and copper conducting wires proceed to an electro magnet, whose arma-
ture is connected with the water supply valve or air valve of acid receiver as the case
may be, but in either case preventing any further acid supply so long as the outflowing
waste from generator.contains sufficient acid to induce the electro magnet.
With generators which are primarily charged with a mixture of the carbonate and
water the already described methods of supplying acid are applicable and with
generators primarily charged with acid the heretofore method of supplying the
carbonate may be employed, in either or any case the generated gas is conveyed to a
gas holder and its motion employed to either stop the water supply; keep open the air
valve of the acid receiver; or operate upon the striking gear of the machine thereby
stopping the generation of the gas when sufficient has accumulated.
1887

page_text: A..Process: for Generating Carbonic Acid Gas and Apparatus.
Connected therewith.
I, JOHN MANGNALL. of 5 Stanley Street Harpurhey Manchester Civil Engineer
do hereby declare the nature of tbis invention and the manner in which the same is
to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
"
The basic carbonate is introduced into a hopper in which it is reduced to a powder
and from whence it falls into a cylindrical vessel fitted with an upright shaft carrying.
radial arms upon it arranged screw-wise." The bottom of this vessel is perforated
or made with a gauze diaphragm and a stream; of water (or other liquid menstruum)
is played upon it whereby the basic carbonate is washed through this gauze in a finely.
divided.state. This mixture of carbonate and water passes direct into the generator
or into an intermediate vessel as circumstances may demand.
The acid employed to decompose or neutralize the carbonate, if crystalline or solid,
is prepared in a similar manner as the basic carbonate, but if liquid which is usually
the case, is drawn from the vessel containing it by the following arrangement. A
water cistern of the usual type fitted with a ballcock supplies an enclosed intermittent
cistern which fills and empties itself periodically down a pipe of suitable dimensions
and the suction arising through the falling of the water down the pipe is employed to
exhaust or partially rarify the air within a receiver which is connected by means of aa
sufficiently trapped pipe with the acid supply and likewise has a pipe also sufficiently
trapped leading to the generator or an intermediate vessel. The water supply valve
of the syphon cistern is opened and closed intermittently by mechanical means and an
air tube supplies the necessary pressure for the syphon to discharge the contents of the
cistern and the trapped contents of the acid receiver.
In order to regulate the correct equivalent of each substance to mutually decompose
each other the acid supply is made unvariable and the water supply to the carbonate is
so regulated that the carbonate supply upon which it depends shall as nearly as
practicable neutralize the acid, any acid however in excess accumulating the further
supply of acid is arrested until exact neutrality is secured by the following device
which is applicable to the so-called Mangnall Lloyd generator described in patent,
specification No. 6179 of 1884. The waste pipe from the generator is made of copper
and has within it a zinc rod which is insulated from it thus forming an active galvanic
battery or cell when the contents of the pipe are acid; insulated conducting wires
proceed from the copper and zinc to an electro magnet whose armature is connected
with the water supply valve jor air valve of the acid receiver as the case may be, or
both but in any case preventing, any further acid supply so long as the overflowing.
waste from the generator is sufficiently acid to generate an electric current in the
galvanic cell and magnetizing the electro-magnet the keeper of which is attracted and.
thus operates the valve or valves.
In place of the gravitation water pump before described, an, air pump, bellows,
or syringe having a reciprocating action may be employed to alternately rarify
and condense the atmosphere of the acid receiver, or to supply the water, necessary as
a,medium. for. the.ingredients.
The traps of the inlet or outlet pipes of the receiver, may, be sealed with the acid.

page_text: itself or by means of liquid mercury which may under certain conditions be found
more satisfactory.
With intermittent generators which are primarily charged with either the acid or
the basic carbonate the processes for supplying the remaining ingredient that is to
say either the carbonate or the acid respectively may be employed, and the acid supply
process by the induced current but without the electrical appliances is applicable to
other than the Mangnall Lloyd generators.
The generated gas is conveyed to a gas holder the motion of which may be used to
shut off the water supply or open the air valve of the acid receiver or both combined
whereupon the feed of the ingredients used cease.
And in order that my invention may be more fully understood and readily carried
into effect 1 will describe the same with reference to the accompanying drawings
which show forms of apparatus constructed and operating according to my
invention.
Referring first to Figure 1 the basic carbonate is introduced into a hopper such for
instance as A wherein it is reduced to powder. The powder falls into the lower
cylindrical chamber B. A¹ is an upright shaft which carries radial arms A¹ arranged
screw-wise. The bottom of the part B is perforated or made with a gauze diaphragm B¹.
C is a water supply cistern which is kept filled by a ballcock. is a pipe provided
with regulating tap 03 and leading therefrom for conveying a stream of water (or
other liquid menstruum) into the perforated coil (2 and against the gauze
diaphragm B whereby the basic carbonate is washed through this gauze in a finely
divided state.
The mixture of carbonate and water passes into the intermediate vessel D also
traversed by the shaft A2 which is here provided with arms or stirrers D', and thence
by the pipe D2 into the generator E. The same shaft A² is continued down into the
generator and there fitted with arms or stirrers E' and E2. Obviously. the vessels A,
D and E need not as here shown be placed vertically over each other and with the
shaft A² in common to them but it is convenient to do so. The shaft A is here shown
worked by bevel wheel gear from a shaft F working in bearings F F¹ and provided
with strap pulley F2 for receiving slow revolving motion from some convenient
shafting.
A modification of the just described method of feeding the generator and controlling
such feed is for the cylindrical chamber or vessel B to have instead of the gauze
bottom B' a folding door or a pair of folding doors or shutters so that when the vessel
is filled a known definite quantity of the carbonate shall be enclosed within, and that
the water supply shall be effected from a canting cistern of known capacity and which
tips over when it is full, as will be understood by reference to the cistern I Fig. 1
presently to be descrihed in another connection or combination. This canting action
forms then the means for opening the shutters of the vessel containing the carbonate.
The discharged water and carbonate would then meet and pass into the generator.
D
The pipe figure 1 leads the mixture into the tray G in the generator E in which
work the stirrer arms E' as is well understood. The material then overflows into the
lower part of the generator in which the stirrer arms E2 work in the usual manner.
The acid in a liquid form (as is most usual) is drawn from the carboy H in the
following arrangement. The water cistern (or another separate water cistern of
the usual type fitted with a ball cock) empties itself periodically down the pipe L L'
into the cistern I which can cant on its fulcrum I' and has a counterweight 12 on its
shortest leverage end. The suction action arising through the falling of the water
down the pipe L' is employed to exhaust or partially rarify the air within a receiver M
which is connected by means of a sufficiently trapped pipe H with the acid supply
vessel H and likewise has a pipe M also sufficiently trapped leading to the vessel K¹
and thence by pipe K to the generator E. When by the fall of the water from the
cistern C down the pipe a suction current is induced in the pipe M² and vessel M the
air will be rarified therein and the acid in the carboy H will by the atmospheric
pressure be forced up the pipe H and vessel M and flow through the syphon trapped
pipe M out into the vessel K¹ and thence into the generator E.

page_text: In order to regulate the correct equivalent supply of each substance to mutually
decompose each other the acid supply is made unvariable while the water supply to
the carbonate is regulated by the cock C³ so that the carbonate supply upon which it
depends shall as nearly as practicable neutralize the acid, but if any acid accumulates
in excess the further supply of acid is arrested until exact neutrality is secured by
the following device. The waste pipe N from the generator E is made of
copper and
bas within it a zinc rod S which is insulated from the copper (for instance by a cork
packing ring in the stuffing box). Connecting wires S and N₁ lead from the parts S
and N to the coil of an electromagnet O with armature P which is on a lever P
connected to the diaphragm valve Q for admitting the water supply from the
cistern C to the pipe L' and also connected to the lever R¹ connected to the valve R
for admitting air to the pipe M2 and acid vessel M. As soon as the overflowing waste
in the pipe N is sufficiently acid to generate an electric current between the copper
and zinc N and S the electro-magnet will become magnetized the keeper P will be
attracted, the water supply valve Q will be closed, the air valve R will be opened, the
vacuum in the vessel M be destroyed, and the flow of acid to the generator stopped
while the carbonate supply continues, so that the undue acidity will presently be
neutralized. As long as on the other hand the waste in the pipe N is not sufficiently
acid to produce a current the supply of water and acid will be continued.
The water supply valve Q and the air admission valve R or one of them are or is
also periodically operated by mechanical means such as by a connection to the
aforesaid periodically canted basin l.
Figure 2 shews a modified arrangement of some of the parts whereby a partial
vacuum is periodically made and destroyed in the vessel M. The exhausting action is
produced by the diaphragm T which is arranged in the cylinder T¹ and is operated by
a rod U¹ from an eccentric (or crank or the like) while the air is readmitted by means
of the valve R the lever R' of which is worked by a rod V from the same or another
eccentric (or a crank or the like). Or instead of such an arrangement of diaphragm T
I may use any suitable air pump bellows or syringe.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
:-
First The improved mode of preparing the carbonate mixture and of supplying
the same to a carbonic acid generator substantially as set forth.
Second-The mode of supplying the acid for generating carbonic acid gas by
means of a partial vacuum and trapped pipes, air being readmitted as required,
substantially as set forth.
Third: The mode of regulating the acid supply or water supply or both to a
Mangnall Lloyd generator of carbonic acid gas by means of an electro-magnet which
is energized as soon as the waste from the generator becomes so acid as to form the
exciting fluid fluid in a galvanic cell formed or provided in conection with the waste
substantially as set forth.
Fourth-The means substantially as described and shewn for the automatic or
mechanical periodical supply of acid and of water to a carbonic acid generator
substantially as described and shewn.
Fifth The construction of apparatus described and shewn.
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