Improvements in Exploding Chambers or Receptacles, and Apparatus connected therewith, for Oil, Gas, or similar Engines, Motors, or Pumps.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Apr., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 24th Jan., 1895-4ccepted, 9th Mar.,
1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Exploding Chambers or Receptacles, and Apparatus
connected therewith, for Oil, Gas, or similar Engines, Motors, or
Pumps.
I, SAMUEL HENRY ADAMS Hydraulic Engineer Peaseholm Green York
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
I connect two or more receptacles the one containing oil or gas or a substance
which may be used to cause an explosion and another receptacle in which such
substance or admixture of substances may be explo.led and I may connect another
receptacle from which I can take a supply of air or vapour for this explosion if
required to my exploding chamber or receptacle and I utilise the force of an
explosion to drive the air, or gases, or oil, or both-required to form such
explosion-into my exploding chamber and I can connect this apparatus to an
engine pump, or motor, or use the force of the explosion thus caused in any way
desire.
Dated this 23rd day of April 1894.
I
Improvements in Exploding Chambers or Receptacles, and Apparatus
connected therewith, for Oil, Gas, or similar Engines, Motors, or
Pumps.
SAMUEL HENRY ADAMS Hydraulic Engineer of Peaseholm Green York and
5 and 7 Old Queen Street Westminster London, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
I connect two or more receptacles the one containing oil, or gas, or a substance
which may be used to cause an explosion and another receptacle, in which such
substance or admixture of substances may be exploded and I may connect another
receptacle from which I can take a supply of air or vapour for this explosion if
required to my exploding chamber and I utilise the force of an explosion to drive
the air, or gases, or oil, or both required to form such explosion into my exploding
chamber and I can connect this apparatus to an engine pump or motor or use the
force of the explosion thus caused in any way I desire.
My invention consists primarily in the novel way in which I bring about an
explosion and in which by preference without any piston, I conduct or cause the
gases and air or vapours required for an explosion to assemble in their desired
volume in the chamber in which such explosion takes place, and in the manner in
which after such explosion I utilise its force to drive the airs and gases required
again for the next explosion and to complete the cycle of operations in one form
also my improvements consist in the arrangement of the receptacle where oil or
similar substance or spirit or other like medium is used whereby the base of my

page_text: apparatus becomes the receptacle for the medium which is forced up as required
by the direct pressure of an explosion, by preference to the sprayer and vaporiser
causing an explosion to take place.
In another form of my apparatus I utilise a liquid, as water which entering a
closed receptacle shall displace the air therefrom this air being conducted to my
exploding chamber but being passed by preference first through a receptacle
containing suitable oil, spirit, or other substance the air thus passed through
becoming volatilised and charged with inflamable vapours which will enter the
exploding chamber and contact with the firing tube or a sufficient heat will bring
about an explosion which may be utilised to force up the liquid from the closed
receptacle above mentioned to a higher outfall where desired by connecting the
receptacle to the exploding chamber by a pipe or other contrivance.
It is clear that my plan of utilising the direct force of an explosion may be
utilised in many ways. My drawings will shew the manner in which as a rule !
prefer to apply it.
Fig. 1. Sheet 1 shews in outline an exploding chamber A in which a vaporiser B
is placed, a receptacle C for the oil or other substance to be used to form an
explosion and a tube E leading from it to the chamber A and an air chamber D
'with pipe F connecting it to the exploding chamber A and at H is a pipe con-
necting the air chamber D and exploding chamber A. The pipe J connects the
receptacle C and exploding chamber A and at G is a pipe to which the desired
apparatus to be actuated would be connected. The direct force of explosion would
in operation be mainly concentrated upon and distributed from this point.
Now in work the vaporiser or chamber being first at the desired heat and lid M
closed and the oil or other substance being driven up pipe E by any suitable
means, I prefer to use a pump which I shew on another drawing, the oil or
substance would be converted into vapour or a gaseous compound and allowing the
desired amount of air for admixture thereto an explosive mixture would result
which would fire spontaneously under a temperature sufficiently high.
I can vary the proportion of air admitted with my oil or other substance by a
valve N which closes or opens an orifice E' in pipe E. Now when an explosion
takes place pressure will be exerted through the pipe J upon the contents of C
which would thus be forced up and in this case sprayed upon the_vaporiser. The
force of the explosion would also be communicated to D by pipe F with the result
that a portion of the air or other contents of D will be driven by pipe H to the
exploding chamber and thus also I may arrange to get the proportions required for
my explosion.
It is evident that suitable valves are required to prevent the force being
exerted in the wrong direction and to allow of its only being communicated in the
direction desired. These I place where required as at K. K and "arrange that
the maximum of my force is exerted on the outgo pipe G.
Fig. 2 Sheet 1 shews one form of my apparatus used for forcing liquid direct
from a low to a higher level and in this form I use the liquid itself which has to
be raised as the means by which I procure a supply of air. Thus in operation a
liquid entering at C has to be raised to the level of D.
I prefer to form a receptacle E in which I allow the liquid to collect and from which
by way of a non-return valve F it passes to the closed receptacle A or it may pass
direct into the receptacle A displacing the air therefrom and forcing this air
through pipe A' into the air chamber B and thus in this instance through G and
its oil or other contents and becoming thus volatilised and gaseous it may pass
through an intermediate chamber H where I may arrange if I desire to mix a
further amount of air or other vapour with it and I pass it then or before this
admixture into my exploding chamber J and here by contact with sufficient heat
or light I cause an explosion to take place in this instance I shew an apparatus for
firing by a gas jet similar to those ordinarily used, on a gas engine R, but I may
use any contrivance which will give me the ignition and explosion I desire at K
is a pipe with non return valve K¹ leading to the receptacle A and communicating

page_text: to this receptacle A the force of the explosion and the pressure due from it being
exerted upon the water or other liquid contents of A will force such contents by
way of the pipe L upwards through pipe M to the height D required it will be.
seen that I place non return valves in the desired positions in order that the
pressures and the liquids airs or substances may pass only in the direction necessary
for the successful working of my apparatus these valves are shewn also at O.
At N I prefer to place a valve which is so hung or weighted that it closes
under a greater pressure, as at the moment of explosion remaining open under
a less pressure in order that the air displaced from A may pass by it to the
various chambers and closing at the moment of explosion in order that the full
force of the explosion may be exerted upon the liquid contents of receptacle A
which will thus be forced up pipe L and M and so to the outlet at D.
Fig. 3. Sheet 2. shews one form of my apparatus in section and here C is
the receptacle for the oil or other substance used. In this case I form a sump O
i to which the pipe E. dips and I close or open the mouth of this pipe by the
crew P to admit more or less of the oil or substance required and by the
screw G. which opens or closes an orifice E¹ in pipe E I can also regulate
the admission of air to this pipe and I may attach a valve to the receptacle C
to admit outside air but to close against a greater pressure from inside In this
case B is the vaporiser and A the exploding chamber and M. is the lid, bý
opening this lid and allowing my oil or substance to be thrown up and ignited
in this chamber I may heat my vaporiser and chamber so that when the requisite
admixture of air and gases takes place within they will fire automatically and
spontaneously by this heat-then upon closing my lid M the exploding and forcing
of air and gases and liquids used follow automatically. If I wish I may use an
ordinary ignition tube or direct contact with a flame to fire the contents of my
exploding chamber.
I arrange on the main outgo for the force of my explosion valves as Q Q.
which will allow of the passage forward of my force or products of an explosion
but will not allow of their return and I arrange valves which remain open at the
desired intervals allowing thus of the free escape of the noxious products of the
explosion in order that the chamber in which such explosion takes place may
be recharged with the air and vapour or gases required to form such explosion.
I shew these valves elsewhere-at R. I place a regulating valve or tap to regulate
the supply of air to the receptacle C required to force up the substance used for
producing the vapour required and I place non return valves as required as
again at C¹.
Fig. 4 Sheet 2. shews in elevation one form of my apparatus differing very
slightly from that described above as Fig. 3 in this instance A is the exploding
chamber and C the receptacle for the oil or substance to be employed. On the
main outgo pipe S at Q a valve is placed which allows of the pressure due to the
explosion being exerted in the forward direction but which will not allow any
return and at T I may place a tap or valve or upon the chamber A by opening
which I can ascertain if all pressure is removed from the chamber at the intervals
required. M shews my lid and M³ the screws or bolts holding it in position-at U
is the hand pump which I may use to start my operation by forcing air into the
receptacle in which the oil or other substance is placed in order that the oil or
desired substance shall in its turn be forced up the pipe E shewn on section Fig. 3.
to the exploding chamber-at V is a screw cap for filling the receptacle C with the
oil or substance I desire to use and at W is a valve which closes only when the
pressure in the exploding chamber is sufficiently great and is at all other times
open being one of the valves by which the exhaust escapes and by which the
interior of the exploding chamber is restored to atmospheric conditions. I may
use any number of the valves as in actual work I may find necessary at X is the
valve or tap which when I use an additional air chamber leads to this air chamber
and it is from the latter that I may secure when required a desired amount of air for
admixture in my exploding chamber or for other purpose. I shew this arrangement

page_text: in another drawing. It will be evident that any valve or tap by which I
can regulate the passage of the pressure due to my explosion to my air chamber
will answer my purpose.
Fig. 5. Sheet 3. shews one form of my apparatus with the exploding chamber A,
receptacle C and air chamber D connected together. I may use these either
connected or disconnected, but for my present purpose I shew them connected
here the figuring is the same as in the last drawing but to describe more fully my
air chamber D. at Y is a pipe connecting it to the exploding chamber A this pipe
is fitted with a non-return valve Q allowing the pressure caused by an explosion to
pass to but not return from the air chamber D at Z I place a small valve or cock
and by opening this or closing it, I confine the pressure within D or allow the
pressure to become less as I may wish, now in order to ensure an interval between
the moment at which the explosion takes place in A, and the moment at which a
fresh supply of air and vapour is carried into the exploding chamber, I place a
valve D on the outgoing pipe D2 from D to A. and so arrange that this valve is
held closed by a greater pressure but shall open at a less pressure and by regulating
the opening of my valve at Z. I can arrange that the pressure shall become
sufficiently slight at the time required to allow of the opening of the valve D¹.
through which will then be given off by the pipe D' or other channels the air or
pressure required in my receptacle C and it is this air or pressure which will force
up, the oil or substance to be vaporised into my exploding chamber and bring about
the explosion I desire my small valve or cock Z thus governs the intervals of
explosion and I may add such means as I wish to operate this valve where I may
desire to do so by mechanical or other means in order that the work done by my
apparatus or apparatus connected thereto may control its efficiency.
prefer to arrange this interval sufficiently long that all waste gases from the
explosion may pass away from the exploding chamber in order that I may ensure
the best effect upon the occurrence of the following explosion.
It is quite clear that the relative positions of these chambers and receptacles is
immaterial aud that each may hold any desired position with regard to the other
and the same result would be obtained. My object being to get from an explosion
a direct force without pistons or mechanical movements other than the valves I
employ, which shall automatically supply the needful amounts of air, gas, or vapour
or other substance required for my explosion.
-
Fig. 6. Sheet 4. shews in section one form of my exploding chamber A in this
I arrange a funnel A' in which oil or other vapour or gas is burnt its flame heating
the chamber A and this heat being utilised to explode the vapours or gases which
I cause to collect in the chamber A. In this case I cause the oil or other
substance to mount up pipes A' placed for the purpose and being given off into the
heated atmosphere vaporisation follows and an explosion will ensue, and I use
valves which are closed only under a greater pressure as described in my other
figures to allow of the escape of the exhaust gases and, the free entry of air to the
exploding chamber and I may connect this to my additional air chamber as D on
Sheet 3. if I wish or I may place my oil receptacle above the exploding chamber
and allow the oil or substance to enter my exploding chauber by gravitation if I
wish as shewn by dotted lines at 6. And at X X 1 arrange a screw valve
governing the supply of air to the exploding chamber A and at Y I arrange an
inlet of air to the funnel A in which the flame for heating the chamber is placed
and at P is the connection communicating pressure from the chamber A to the
receptacle C in which the oil or other substance to be used is placed.
Fig. 7 Sheet 4 shews my apparatus again very much as before, A being the
exploding chamber C the receptacle for oil or the substance to be used D the air
chamber D the valve which governs admission of air from chamber D to
receptacle C D is the pipe connecting the two chambers at Y is the pipe com-
municating pressure to the air chamber D. and at X the valve or tap regulating
the passage of pressure to D. At W. W are the valves closed only under pressure
and thro which the exhaust from the explosion may pass from the explosion

page_text: chamber prior to the next explosion. If I wish I may add an ignition tube to my
apparatus and fire the contents of the explosion chamber by contact with a flame,
or as before mentioned I may cause the explosion to follow upon the admixture of
air and gases in a chamber at a sufficiently high temperature. It is evident that
in any of my apparatus I may adopt whichever of the named methods of creating
and dealing with the explosive gases or vapours I prefer and that I may use also-
the special valves shewn to effect a given purpose although on all my figures I may
not shew this valve or valves attached and that my invention may be used in.
conjunction with any suitable engine, motor, or pump, or apparatus and with any
suitable oil, petroleum or substance which will give off the gases or has the gas
require.
Reference to my drawings will shew that upon my exploding chamber I may
place a valve or valves, which are so constructed that they close only at the
moment of explosion and when the pressure within is sufficiently great to hold
these valves to their seating. Thus after the pressure has decreased the
atmospheric conditions within the chamber will be restored to the atmospheric
conditions without the chamber that is if the intervals between the explosions are
sufficiently long, the fresh air from without will enter in and the exhausted air
from within will pass out by these valves. Now where I use an additional air
chamber as shewn at D on Sheet 3, these. fresh air may pass from A to D. by
the pipe Y connecting these two receptacles-but if I wish to expedite the entry
of fresh air to D. I may I may attach to D. similar valves-or valves for a similar
purpose as those shewn at W. W. on Sheet 2, I shall thus allow the entry of
fresh air & the exit of the exhausted air from & by these valves-excepting at the
moment of explosion and when the pressure within is sufficiently great to hold the.
valves closed.
And now having particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what.
I claim is
1st. The combination of 2 or more receptacles the one containing oil or suitable
substance and another in which such oil or substance when vaporised or converted
into a gaseous state shall be caused to explode and if I desire also receptacles for
a supply of air used with a pipe or pipes and valve or valves through and by which
pressure is communicated from the exploding chamber to that containing the oil or
other substance or substances and by which pressure such oil or substance, airs or
gases, shall be forced into the exploding chamber for the purpose of creating an
explosion.
2nd. In exploding apparatus for mineral oil vapour, gas, or other suitable
engines, pumps or motors an arrangement of valves as shewn by means of which
the direct force of an explosion is brought to bear upon the materials or
substances or gases or vapours required to give an explosion, with the result that.
these are forced into or caused to collect in a chamber in which an explosion shall
take place.
3rd. In exploding apparatus for gas, oil, or other like engines or motors.
pumps or apparatus-apparatus and means by which the direct force of an
explosion shall be brought to bear upon the oil, or gases, or vapours required and
shall without any piston, pump, or other such contrivance force them into a.
chamber in which an explosion shall take place.
4th. Apparatus in which the direct force of an explosion is communicated to the
oil, liquid, or other substance desired to be actuated without the intervention of a
pump, piston, or other mechanical movement for the purpose of causing these
substances to collect in a chamber in which an explosion shall take place.
5th. In engines or motors or similar apparatus the displacement due to liquid
entering a closed receptacle for the purpose of giving off this displaced air to a
receptacle or receptacles in combination with the receptacle or receptacles receiving
this displaced air one or other of which is used as an explosion chamber.

page_text: 6th. In pumps or similar apparatus the combination of a closed receptacle into
which the liquid to be raised first enters displacing the air therefrom this air being
utilised in conjunction with other gases, or vapours to form an explosion, with
another chamber in which such explosion takes place the force of this explosion
being brought to bear directly upon the liquid contents of this first closed receptacle
which are thus forced up to an outlet above their source.
7th. An apparatus as shewn and described or its equivalent and the necessary
parts in combination in which parts and apparatus I unite a gas created from an
oil or other substance with air in suitable amounts and automatically ignite or fire
the sanie causing an explosion, part of the said explosion again being utilised to
bring in a fresh supply of air and gas, that the cycle of operations may be repeated
automatically, part of the force being available as a motive power on pump, motor,
engine or other contrivance.
8th. A valve as D¹ Fig. 5 Sheet 3 or its equivalent, which is held closed by a
greater pressure from inside and opens automatically when the pressure becomes
less, allowing thus the exit of the air or gas giving this pressure in combination
with my tap or valve Z or its equivalent by which I can govern automatically or
otherwise the escape of the air or gases confined in the receptacle to which these
valves are attached and the consequent decrease in the pressure of the air or gases
with the result that my valve D' opens and a portion of the air or gases will pass
by way of this valve to any desired receptacle or chamber all for the purpose of
my invention or similar apparatus.
9th. The general arrangement and design of apparatus shewn on Sheets 1, 2,
3 & 4, and their parts or equivalents though differing from substantially the same
and for the same purpose: