IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING PRINTED, EMBOSSED, OR PERFORATED MATTER, AND IN THE REPRODUCTION AND TRANSFERRING OF WRITTEN, DRAWN, OR PRINTED MATTER OR PATTERNS OTHERWISE PRODUCED, AND IN APPLIANCES TO BE USED FOR THESE PURPOSES.”
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Evan Jefferies, of Yeo Bank, Congresbury, in the
County of Somerset, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING
PRINTED, EMBOSSED, OR PERFORATED MATTER, AND IN THE REPRODUCTION
AND TRANSFERRING OF WRITTEN, DRAWN, OR PRINTED MATTER OR
PATTERNS OTHERWISE PRODUCED, AND IN APPLIANCES TO BE USED FOR
THESE PURPOSES.”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Evan Jefferies at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd August 1879.
JAMES EVAN JEFFERIES, of Yeo Bank, Congresbury, in the County of Somerset.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING PRINTED, EMBOSSED, OR PERFORATED MATTER,
AND IN THE REPRODUCTION AND TRANSFERRING OF WRITTEN, DRAWN, OR
PRINTED MATTER OR PATTERNS OTHERWISE PRODUCED, AND IN APPLIANCES TO
BE USED FOR THESE PURPOSES."
This Invention has first for its object improvements in the production of bill
posters and other printed matter by the processes described in the Specifications of
former Patents granted to me, one on the 13th day of July, 1876, No. 2874, and
another on the 20th day of July, 1878, No. 2895.
I now uso as the inking or color pad employed in the processes described in
these Specifications a surface formed of a material compounded of treacle and glue,
similar to that used in forming the inking rollers used by printers, or of a com-
position of gelatine, glycerine and water or other analogous elastic compositions
which will remain moist, and are also absorbent of aniline dyes or inks, or other
dyes or inks of a like penetrating nature. I also use stereotype blocks or raised
printing surfaces of such compositions or of other porous or absorbent material
when saturated with such dyes or inks for printing various devices. When some
parts of the blocks are charged with color different from other parts the colors may
be kept from mixing by making a cut into the surface along the lines where the
colors meet.
I also use raised printing blocks of such compositions with the hollows filled in
with metal, or with resinous or other resists, through which the color will not pass.
Wire card may be embedded in the composition to serve as a bearer.
Or I use
flat blocks.of such compositions charged with ink or dye, and use resinous or other
resists to cover over such parts of the block as are not required to be printed from.
Грмія 62л

page_text: I also cast or form such blocks hollow and supply dye, ink, or color to their interior
either under pressure or not as required, such hollow or other blocks may be used
as stamps. I also make such absorbent blocks of a cylindrical form, either smooth
or embossed on their surface; in this case also they may be formed hollow and
supplied with dye, ink, or color from their interior either under pressure or
otherwise. In some cases the printing surface of the blocks may be varied in
appearance by the introduction of wire gauze or other fabric into the mould before
casting. In some cases I amalgamate the colors with the composition by heat.
The cylindrical blocks may also have an inked pattern applied to their surface, and
be employed as ordinary printing cylinders for printing or transferring such
patterns on to paper or other surfaces.
The porous blocks or cylinders or non porous blocks or cylinders may also be used
to print directly on to paper or other material, or on to a composition surface and
the prints be taken from this surface. Cylindrical rollers of such compositions may
also be used to take up color from what is known as a marbling trough, and be
afterwards used for printing a number of copies of the marbled design on to paper,
wood, or other surfaces whether flat or otherwise."
Or such cylindrical rollers may revolve against the surface of a pattern bed or
roller, against beds or rollers colored with different colors and get repeatedly inked
or colored by it or them and transfer such, ink or color on to paper or boards or
other surfaces, the reinking or coloring of the soft or other cylindrical roller being
always in correct register, as the rollers are both made to revolve at a uniform
speed.
Or rollers working in unison may ink or color a flat surface in a similar way.
By the processes before described designs whether ruled, printed, or otherwise
produced, each having in it several colors, can be printed at one impression, and the
printing in a variety of colors in perfect register at one impression is thus rendered
easy. Designs on such composition blocks may in some cases be altered in size or
shape by the application of heat. In place also of using cylinders, blocks, or
slabs of the composition of sugar and treacle or gelatine and glycerine, or similar
elastic moist compositions, I use sheets of paper or fabric charged with such com-
position coated on one side with a thin coating of such compositions. Or sheets of
the composition may be used and a writing surface formed on one side of them.
A number of such composition sheets may be formed into pads or bound up into
books, or such leaves may be bound up alternately with leaves of plain uncoated
paper into a book.
Letters or other matter may be written in aniline ink or dye
or like penetrating ink or dye on the sheets of plain paper, and these sheets be then
pressed against the surface of the coated sheets opposite to them and several copies
can then be taken from such coated sheets simply by pressing plain sheets of paper
against them in the manner now well known. After the ink, or dye held by the
-moist porous coating of the coated sheet has become exhausted the original letter
can, by simply closing the book, be again applied to the surface of the coated
sheet opposite to it in perfect register with the first impression on the coated sheet;
thus the impression on the coated sheet acquires a further addition of ink or dye,
and further.number of impressions can be taken from it, and this may be repeated
until the supply of ink or dye on the original letter is exhausted..
Numerous copies of designs written; drawn, or printed on paper with inks of the
nature herein before mentioned may also, be obtained from the back of the paper by
laying the paper with the design upon it face downwards upon a moist pad and
pressing other sheets of paper on. to the back of the sheet.
Or the damp pad may be used as a writing pad, the surface of the pad being
"toothed" by slight emboss; other writing pads may be similarly "toothed."
I also emboss together with a slight emboss, and also it may be slightly perforated
with extremely fine perforations, two or more sheets of paper moistened preferably
with weak solution of hydrochloric acid, the papers adhere together sufficiently to
allow of ink to penetrate through all when writing. or copying, and can be
afterwards separated..

page_text: The composition coated sheets of paper may also be used in the same manner as
blocks of elastic moist composition are now used for obtaining a number of copies
of any written document, and as each sheet is of comparatively small value it may
after being once used be. thrown away, and a new sheet be used.for.obtaining copies
of the next document, instead of its being necessary to wash off the ink from the
surface of the composition block after, a number of copies of one document have
been obtained from it to prepare it to receive an impression from the document
next to be copied. Or in place of the letter or document being written, drawn, or
printed on plain paper and afterwards transferred to the composition surface,
the letter or document may be written, drawn, or printed on the paper surface of a
paper coated on the back or charged with composition. The aniline or other ink used
will strike through the paper and through the composition coating, and copies can
be taken off from the composition surface.
1 p i.
After writing, drawing, or printing a design on paper, with aniline or other like
penetrating ink or dye I also coat the paper with varnish or other resist through
which the ink or dye will not pass; the varnish does not cover those parts to
which ink had been applied, so that the design may be pressed on to a composition
surface in the ordinary manner and copies obtained from this surface; and as the
inked parts of the original design can be again and again charged with ink, the process
can be repeated over and over again and any, desired number of copies obtained.
For reinking a composition printing surface I also use solid colored ink blocks or
types, or absorbent blocks or types charged with color; the reinking may always
be effected in perfect register by using two plates or frames hinged together, one to
carry the composition surface, the other the colored blocks.
"
I also print or form designs in varnish or resist on porous paper, such paper
design may then be laid on a color pad and copies printed on to other paper or
material laid above and pressed on to it, or in many cases it would be sufficient to
charge the porous portions of the paper with color; designs with sharp edges or
outlines can thus be produced, whereas if the whole surface of. the paper were first
coated with varnish and the varnish were afterwards destroyed at those parts
through which color is required to pass the outline or edges would be imperfect.
I also charge or cover the surface of natural and other objects with aniline ink
or dye, or ink or dye of like penetrating nature, and press such objects on to a soft
composition bed, such as hereinbefore described, and subsequently print off colors
from such bed. The objects may first be varnished before covering them with
color..
I also use paper charged with water color or aniline or such like ink or dye and
keep slightly moist by glycerine or other suitable material, or with lithographers'
transfer ink, for such purposes as carbonic paper is now used. Or to allow of two
or more copies of the written parts of any document being written simultaneously
the written parts may be written in with aniline ink or dye, which will strike
through the paper being written on, and give a facsimile of the writing on other
papers below it. These papers may be made duplex by embossing or perforating
them together, as before described. Bankers cheque books and books of Post-office
orders and ordinary writing pads may be made up with cheques or orders inter-
leaved with absorbent sheets, so that when a cheque or order is filled in; a facsimile
of the filling in is retained.
In order to readily make perforates of paper and other material to be used in
the processes described herein, and in the Specifications before mentioned, I place a
sheet of paper or other material on to a hard pattern surface and pass it under &
roller or series of rollers set at different angles and each provided with numerous
cutting edges. By this means the parts of the paper or other material which are
over the raised portions of the pattern will be perforated or cut away.
In some cases oil color may be used in the processes herein described, and the
colors may be applied by rolling instead of saturating.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Evan Jefferies, in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st
February 1880.
JAMES EVAN JEFFERIES, of Yeo Bank, Congresbury, in the County of Somerset.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING PRINTED, EMBOSSED OR PERFORATED MATTER,
AND IN THE REPRODUCTION AND TRANSFERRING OF WRITTEN, DRAWN, OR PRINTED
MATTER OR PATTERNS OTHERWISE PRODUCED, AND IN APPLIANCES TO BE USED
FOR THESE PURPOSES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in producing printed, embossed,
or perforated matter, and in the reproduction and transferring of written, drawn, or
printed matter, or patterns otherwise produced, and in appliances to be used for these
purposes.
For producing printed matter or designs, I use a printing bed or block composed
of elastic absorbent materials combined with aniline, or other such like inks or
dyes, and such parts of the surface of the printing bed or block as are not required to
give off color to the paper or other substance to be printed on I coat with bronze
powder, or other substance which will prevent the passage of color from the bed or
block to paper or material laid on to the block, or against which the block is pressed.
The elastic porous material may be a compound of treacle and glue, similar to that
commonly used in forming the inking rollers of printing machines, or a compound of
gelatine and glycerine, or other such like moist porous elastic compounds capable of
lolding aniline or other such like inks or dyes, many such compounds being now
well known; blocks of such porous or absobent material are hereinafter called
composition or compo blocks. Color, beds or blocks thus produced may be used as
the inking or color pad required for carrying out the processes described in the
Specifications of former Patents granted to me, No. 2874, in the year 1876, and No.
2895, in the year 1878.
The best way of charging the compounds with the inks or dyes is to melt the
compounds by applying heat to them, and then stir in with them the dye previously
dissolved in spirit or in water, or the color or dye may be applied as a powder
over the surface of the bed, and its amalgamation with the compound forming
the bed be assisted by the subsequent application of heat or spirit; or in cases
when portions of the bed or printing block are to be charged with a color
different from that with which other portions of the bed or printing block.
are charged the color or dye may be applied, as has before been proposed, in a
liquid state to the surface of the bed; and then to prevent the color applied to
one portion of the bed mixing with the color applied to other portions of the
bed, a cut may be made into the surface of the bed along the lines where the
colors meet. Bronze powder or resinous or other resists which will obstruct the
passage of the coloring ink or dye may also be inserted into the cuts. Such
portions of the surface of the bed or printing block as are not required to give off
color, I cover, as hereinafter described, with bronze powder or other resist which
will prevent the passage of color from the printing bed or block on to the paper or
other substance that is being printed on. Or stereo blocks may be made of uncolored
composition and their surface afterwards charged with color.
A great variety of ways may be used for covering with a resist those portions of
the printing bed or block that are not required to print.
For example, if it is required to print a number of copies of any written matter,
I may first coat a sheet of paper with brouze powder, the paper being first greased
to cause the powder to adhere to it. On the surface of the paper so prepared f
write with a pencil or other point.
bronze powder is removed from it.
downwards is then laid on to the
Where the point presses on the paper the
The sheet of paper with the prepared surface
surface of the printing bed or block, and the

page_text: surface of the bed or block thus becomes coated with bronze powder, except in
those places which are in contact with the parts of the paper that have been written
upon. The paper is then lifted from the surface of the printing bed or block
which is then ready for printing from. The printing operation is conducted just in
the same manner as when a soft porous composition bed is now used, having only
such portions of its surface charged with aniline ink or dye as are required to
print from; but by my process a far greater number of copies can be obtained than
is possible by such old process, since in my process the whole of the bed being
charged with ink the supply of ink for printing from is practically unlimited.
powdered shellac or resinous resists are used in place of bronze powder, such
powdered resists after being applied to the surface of the printing bed or block may
be caused to consolidate together by the application of heat. In this case it would
be almost necessary to omit glycerine, substituting water and gums.
If
To make a pattern, paper or other material can be made less absorbent or
adhesive in some parts than in others, and can be made to take in varied degrees
either color or resist, and these can then be transferred to the surface of the com-
position bed block or roller.
Another way is to coat the whole of the surface of the printing bed or block with
Japan black, or other resist, and afterwards to etch away the resist from those
portions of the surface where a pattern is to be created.
Or a composition bed or block, such as above described, but without any color
mixed with it, may similarly have its surface coated fully or partially with resist,
and if necessary the resist afterwards etched away in the pattern desired. Aniline,
or other such like dye or ink, may then be applied in a liquid state to the surface
of the block, and will only penetrate into the block wherever its surface is uncovered
with resist. Or paper or material previously charged with aniline, or other such
like ink or dye and allowed to dry, may be laid on to the surface. of the bed, such
parts of the surface as are not covered with resist, or are not charged with, say
glycerine or other adhesive matter, will then absorb color from the paper; or
aniline, or such like dye, in the state of powder may be dusted over the surface of
the bed or block and will only adhere where the surface is not covered with resist
or pattern surface laid on to it, or only where glycerine, &c., exists. Slight heat may
then be applied to aid the bed to absorb the dye resting on its surface. In the
same ways the printing beds or blocks can be repeatedly recharged with color after
a number of impressions have been taken from them.
Another way of using resists in conjunction with composition beds or blocks of
the kind above described is to coat any varied surface, such as lace, leaves, or other
articles, with the powdered resist, and then to press them on to the surface of a
colored composition bed or block; the resist adheres to the surface of the bed or
block, and when the lace or other article has been taken away prints may be taken
from the surface of the printing bed or block on to paper or other material. The
printed surface of the paper is then dusted over with bronze powder or other resist;
the resist will adhere only to such portions of the paper as have previously received
color from the printing bed.
Afterwards the paper with its printed and prepared surface downwards is laid on
to the surface of another colored printing block. The surface of this block thus
becomes coated with resist wherever it is not required to print, and the block may
then be used for printing any desired number of copies of the article from which
the pattern was taken.
Varied surfaces, such as lace and others, might also be charged with ink or dye
and be applied to the surface of a composition block, and the pattern of the lace be
so transferred in color to the block. A number of copies of the pattern so produced
can then be printed off from the block in the manner now well known.
In some cases when using a composition printing bed or block charged with color
as before explained such portions of.the surface as are not required to print may be
etched away, or the surface of the block may in the first instance be formed with
those parts only raised that are required to print.

page_text: The processes hereinbefore described are applicable not only when the surface of
the printing bed is a flat plane but also when it is formed as'a cylinder, which may
be printed from in the ordinary manner of roller printing. Printing cylinders
with three, four, or more flat sides may also be used, each side forming a separate
printing face or surface.
When a flat printing block is used I prefer that it should be carried face down-
wards by a tray or frame which can be turned upwards on a hinge joint, or can
be raised and lowered so that it may be pressed downwards on to a sheet of paper
to cause a pattern to be printed upon it. The papers to be printed on may be
formed as a pad with the sheets of paper one above the other and the pad be
retained in position for the upper most sheet to be printed on, and so soon as the
uppermost sheet has been printed on this sheet may be taken- away and the
printing block lowered on to the next sheet of paper, and so on, and if the paper
composing the pad be charged with glycerine, &c., the absorption of the color is
assisted, hence reduced time for production. Thus the design on the printing block
will be printed exactly in the same position on each of the sheets of paper, and the
trouble of separately placing each sheet in proper position for being printed "on is
avoided.
In the same way two, three, or more flat printing blocks may be hinged to the
frame carrying the pad of paper that is to be printed, each printing block having
upon it a pattern in different color to the other blocks. Thus several 'impressions
in different colors may be printed in succession on to the upper sheet of the pad'in
.perfect register as the pad remains stationary.
When the printing bed or block can be mounted so that it is for the most part
held face downwards it is advisable to do so, as then the color contained in the bed
or block will gravitate downwards to the surface from which impressions are taken.
The surface of the bed or block need not be used for printing direct on to paper, it
might be used to print onto another composition bed or block, or onto a great
number of other beds or blocks, and these second blocks be used for printing on to
paper or other surface; and such second blocks might be re-inked either con-
tinuously or from time to time by being brought into contact with the first block.
If cylindrical.blocks are used they might be of the same diameter, and be caused to
revolve at a uniform speed in contact with 'one another. By thus using the
original color bed or block, not to print directly onto the paper or other surface to
be printed, but to print on to other previously uncolored beds or blocks, and using
such second set of blocks for printing onto the paper or surface a vast number of
impressions may be obtained.
•
In some cases also in order to obtain a great number of copies of any design
written, drawn, or printed on paper with aniline inks or dyes, or other inks or dyes
of a like nature, I coat the paper (after the design has been produced upon it) with
varnish or other resist through which the ink or dye will not pass. The resist does
not permanently coat those parts to which ink had been applied, so that the design
may be pressed on to the surface of a composition bed of the nature hereinbefore
mentioned, and copies be subsequently obtained on paper from this surface in
the ordinary manner, and as the inked or colored parts of the original design on
varnished paper can be again and again charged with ink or dye by applying fresh
ink or dye to it at the back or otherwise the design can be used over and over
again to impart the design to the surface of any number of composition beds, and
such beds can then each be used for printing a number of copies onto 'paper or other
surfaces. Or the original design on varnished paper may be secured to'a plate or
frame which is binged or jointed to the frame that contains the composition bed,' so
that after the design has been once' applied to the surface of the composition bed
and a number of copies have been printed off from this bed until it has become
exhausted of color the original design can then be again brought down onto the surface
of the bed to again charge the bed with color, and this recharging of the bed with
fresh color will be effected in-perfect register with the design already on the bed.
* In place of writing, drawing, or printing a design in aniline or such like ink or
...
$
1.3.
+

page_text: dye on paper, and then applying varnish or resist to such parts of the paper as are
not covered by the design, I may apply varnish or resist, by printing or otherwise,
to the surface of uncolored porous paper, leaving the parts where the colored design
is to be produced uncovered. Such uncovered parts of the paper may subsequently
be charged with ink or dye, preferably by applying it to the back of the paper.
Copies of designs so produced might be obtained simply by pressing sheets of paper
against it on its varnished side, but preferably I use the design for charging the
surface of a composition bed with color, and then print from the surface of such bed.
The way above described of obtaining a number of copies of any design written,
drawn, or printed on paper in aniline or other such like inks or dyes, by fixing the
original design on a plate or frame which is hinged or jointed to the frame contain-
ing the composition bed, may also be used without coating the paper with varnish
or resist, as the design can be again and again applied to the surface of the compo-
sition bed until the original design is completely exhausted of color.
Another way of using resist in conjunction with a color block or bed is to form
the bed or block of aniline or other color, mixed with oil or varnish or otherwise in
a solid form, and to coat the surface of this bed or block with a pattern in bronze
powder or other resist which will prevent color from passing from the parts so
covered. Such blocks can then be used for printing on paper or other fabric, prefer-
ably in a moist state or slightly charged with glycerine; or the blocks might be
used for imparting a pattern to the surface of or for re-inking a compo bed or block,
and these compo beds or blocks be subsequently used for printing from, or the
aniline colored blocks might be formed of the shape required.
Another way when using solid color blocks is to form on their surface a pattern
in glycerine. The parts moistened with glycerine or moist gum will impart color
to any surface on to which the block may be pressed, whilst the parts of the block
which are dry will not get off color; thus the dry portions of the block serve as the
resist.
To form a solid block with aniline color and oil I mix the aniline, previously
dissolved in alcohol, with linseed or boiled oil and dryers; potters' clay or flock, or
other substances may be added to give solidity.
Another improvement consists in using color blocks or beds, such as herein before
described, whether in the form of rollers or as pads, for inking printing blocks or
surfaces, and then printing on to paper or other material from the printing blocks'
so covered with color on their surface. Thus, in place of using a fluid printing ink,
I use it in a solid form. This arrangement is especially applicable for reinking
stereo blocks of gelatine and glycerine, or other such like compo blocks. If metal'
or wood type or printing surfaces are used I prefer to moisten the surface of the
type or printing surface with glycerine previous to passing the color roller over
them; I also prefer not to apply the color roller direct to the type or printing sur-
faces, but to convey the color from the color roller to the type or printing surface
by another or other compo roller or rollers, which may be distributing rollers: Such
color rollers may be formed, for example, as follows:-
Glue or gelatine and glycerine aniline, or such like dye, dissolved in'spirit stiffened
with flock, or it might be other substance, in a finely powdered state; and in many
cases also I mix linseed or boil oil with the other substances.
Gelatinous aniline inks, such as herein, before described, may also be used for
writing purposes to give off color to points or instruments used for writing.
I also form stereo blocks or stamps from such compositions charged with'aniline
or such like dye; the hollows of these stereo blocks or stamps I also in some cases
fill in with resist, or it might be a metal or other plate having the pattern cut
through it. In this case the composition, whilst melted, may be cast onto the back
of the plate, so that the composition shall pass through the openings in the plate and
form a flat face level with the face of the plate. Such blocks, stamps, or printing
surfaces may be from time to time recharged with ink or dye by applying ink or
dye, either under pressure or not, to the back of the composition.
I also use inks composed of aniline or such like dye, together with oil, for writing,

page_text: printing, or forming designs on non absorbent paper or other surfaces. The design
so formed may be transferred to another similar non absorbent paper or other sur-
face, and prints can then be taken from this surface on to paper or other material
previously moistened, or, if preferred, slightly charged with glycerine. If the design
is in the first instance formed with the aniline oil ink on a porous paper, then prints*
may be taken direct from the back of the paper, especially if a slight quantity of
acid (say hydrochloric acid) be added to the ink.
In place of using the color beds or blocks in a flat state they may be used as.
cylinders. In the same way uncolored composition blocks may be used in the form
of rollers or cylinders, and have colored patterns imparted to them in any of the
ways hereinbefore described, or, in any of the ways heretofore adopted or proposed
for imparting a colored pattern to flat composition blocks. The composition rollers
can then be used in the ordinary way of roller printing, in place of flat printing as
heretofore, when such composition beds have been used.
The using the composition printing blocks in the form of rollers as above described
is of great advantage for printing lined or ruled paper; the several colors may be
on one roller, or the paper may be passed in succession under several rollers, each
having upon it a different colored pattern, and thus the paper may be ruled or
printed in several colors in correct register. Marble or other patterns printed, as
herein before described, on absorbent paper previously moistened will appear equally
well on both sides.
In many cases, when printing by the processes herein before described, embossed
or perforated patterns can be produced at the time of printing by the introduction"
of solid or unyielding or cutting surfaces in the midst of or adjacent to the printing
surfaces. In some cases also I alter the shape of composition printing blocks or
stamps formed, as herein described, by pressing them into rings of various shapes.
In some cases I introduce a color block partly coated with resist, or a solid color
cast block, to vary the effect in ordinary printing, either letter press or other.. For
example, an initial letter in red may be carried on the surface of the frisket, so that
it shall not be rolled with, the ordinary inking roller; then, when an impression is
taken, the pattern both from the type and block will be taken simultaneously.
In some cases I fill in the hollows of an engraved plate with inks composed of
aniline or such like dyes combined with oils, or with gelatine, or glue and glycerine,
or such like compounds.
I also take casts from any varied surface, whether natural, such as leaves, feathers,
or other varied surface, in the gelatinous or such like composition, either with the
object previously coated with resist, or not.
In some cases I fill in the bollows of pattern surfaces with the ordinary ink used
for black bordering, and print from it in the same way as herein before described
with respect to solid gelatinous inks. When the ink gets too dry spirit is poured
onto it. Such black bordering inks form very good resists.
When printing from compo stereo blocks charged with color the higher parts will
appear dark in the prints, whilst the lower parts will be lighter in color.
Wire, card, or other supports may be introduced into or around the blocks or
stamps to prevent. them being damaged by too high a pressure being applied to
them.
In some cases I emboss paper and then color the top of the embossed part by a
colored roller, or bed-bearers being sometimes used to keep the unraised parts from
being, colored.
Aniline ink either combined with gelatinous or oily matter,; as hereinbefore
described, I also employ to fill in the hollows of engraved plates, and then print
from the plates onto paper or other surface previously wetted or slightly charged
with glycerine, Various, colors may be filled into different parts of the plate. A
great number of impressions, can be taken from such plates.
For charging natural or other object with resist I in many cases use what I
call bronze paper; this I produce by coating paper with grease or other matter to.
which bronze powder will adhere, and then dust bronze powder over it.

page_text: Bronze powder or other metallic resist applied to the surface of a compo printing
bed or roller may also be consolidated by depositing metal on to it by any known
method after it has been applied to surface of compo bed.
On the top of the 'coating of resist another pattern in aniline color may also be
transferred and printed from, this pattern can easily be wiped away from surface of
resist and another pattern put on instead of it. The resist also can itself easily be
washed off from compo surface.
+"
M..
The metal surface of the engraved plate may stand above compo surface, so that
metal surface can be inked and printed from at same time that colored compo also
prints.
When stamps or printing blocks are formed of elastic beds or pads, such as herein-
before described, charged or intimately mixed with color and formed to rise up
through the perforated parts of an engraved plate forming the surface of the stamp
or block, varied tints may be obtained when printing from composition printing
blocks, such as herein before described, by the' use of partial resists, such as French
chalk applied on the surface of the block, or glycerine, or spirit might be applied
over parts of the surface, then these parts will print darker than the other.
A bronze resist may also be mixed with powdered shellac, resin, paraffin, and such
like, and when it has been applied to the surface of the block it may be consolidated
by the application of slight heat.
"
.. rfi
P
The compo beds or blocks may also be composed of a series of colored compo
sheets, about 1 thickness or less, placed one over the other parts of upper sheets
may be etched away or removed where required for pattern, and then prints in
two or more colors may be obtained from the blocks.
Thin sheets of gelatine placed on to moist pad might also be used as printing
beds or blocks; patterns in aniline inks may be transferred on to the gelatine, and
the gelatine may then be printed from. Thin sheets charged with aniline color can
also be used.
*
Common thick absorbent paper or mill board charged with aniline ink (either oil
or water) and covered with hard paper, may also be used; the waterproof nature
of parts of this paper may be destroyed with acid or otherwise, and a pattern be so
produced, and then prints can be obtained by pressing paper previously wetted or
charged with glycerine on to the etched paper surface.
גיז
I also use cylindrical rollers of gelatinous or such like compositions to take up.
color from what is known as a marbling trough, and be afterwards used for printing
a number of copies of the marbled design on to paper, wood, or other surface, whether
flat or otherwise. Upon the surface of the composition roller used for taking up
color from the marbling trough I form a slightly embossed wood grained pattern;
by this means when printing with the roller a double, impression is obtained, viz.,
the marbled pattern and the wood grain pattern. Patterns may thus be printed on
to the surface of walls, or on to boards, slate, paper, or other surfaces. Such rollers
may also be used for taking up a solution of gum from the surface of a marbling
trough. I use aniline colors in the marbling trough, and to make the colors work
better on the surface of the bath I mix with them a'small quantity of oil of vitriol.
To produce marbled designs on paper, book covers, and the linings of book covers,
and such like, I'also use a color bed or printing block formed of gelatinous or such
like compounds, charged with aniline inks or dyes; each separate color I first
dissolve in spirit and then mix with a portion of gelatine compound previously
heated and melted. Whilst the colored compounds are hot and quite liquid I pour
them into a shallow pan in adjacent parallel lines or strips, and then as quickly as
may be comb them and form feather in the manner practiced' by marblers with a
marbling trough; or the bed or printing block may be formed by sprinkling or
splashing the several colors mixed with gélatinous compound on to a hot bath
containing only gelatine in solution.
Printing beds so formed may be used as flat printing beds, or may be fastened
around a roller for roller printing. With the aniline dyes I also form what I call
aniline carbonic paper or tapes; these I form by coating paper or tapes with aniline
'

page_text: dyes mixed with glycerine, and preferably with oil added. Tapes thickly coated
with such composition may be used in type writing machines; the printed matter
produced by the type writing machine can then be transferred to surface of compo
bed and the bed be afterwards printed from. Sheets of paper may in a similar
imanner be coated with litho-transfer ink.
In order that writing or drawing, or printing inay simultaneously be produced
on two or more sheets of paper I use paper which is to some extent pervious to the
ink which is to be used for producing the writing or drawing, and I cause the
sheets of paper which are to be simultaneously written or drawn upon to adhere
together face to face without at the same time rendering them impervious to the
ink. Paper so made up of two or more sheets I call duplicate or multiplex writing
or drawing or printing paper.
The sheets of paper I cause to adhere to one another sufficiently to prevent them
from separating too readily from one another, but yet to allow of their being
separated one from the other after they have been written, drawn, or printed on.
The best inks to use for writing or drawing on such prepared paper are inks
containing, some of the aniline dyes, or else inks containing weak acid or caustic
alkalies, which will readily penetrate the paper and act on any coloring matter
which the lower sheet or sheets of paper may contain.
The sheets of paper should be comparatively thin, and when it is required that
the paper should be stiff like ordinary letter paper it is better to, use starch as the
thickening and stiffening matter than to use ordinary size.
Various ways may be adopted for causing two or more sheets of paper to adhere
together to the extent above mentioned, in many cases it is sufficient to press the
sheets together when slightly moist and at the same time slightly emboss both
sheets by one or other of the pressing surfaces being toothed or roughened, a very
convenient way is to interpose calico or linen between the paper and hard pressing
rollers used to press the papers together, or the sheets of paper may be passed
between metal or other rollers, the surface of one of which has engraved or formed
upon it a pattern in imitation of linen or such like woven fabric, whilst the surface
of the other roller is preferably elastic. I also, according to my Invention, use such
metal or other rollers with linen or other woven fabric pattern on the surface of
one of them for producing upon the surface of writing paper a pleasant roughened
surface for writing on; or, in place of moistening the sheets of paper with water
before pressing them, their adjacent surfaces might be coated with a very thin
solution of starch or other suitable adhesive material, or the paper might be
moistened with very dilute hydrchloric acid.
In many cases it would be sufficient to prepare the surface of the upper sheet of
paper with a smooth or polished surface for writing on, whilst its under surface
would be left unglazed, so that it may readily adhere to the sheet of paper below it
when pressure is applied. This pressure may be given at the time of making up
the paper into books or pads, or subsequently.
Paper thus composed of two or more sheets separable one from the other may be
used for a great variety of purposes. For example, the sheets may be bound up
into books, and the books used as. letter books, or order books, or bankers' cheque
books, or books of Post office orders, or such like may be made up from such paper.
For these purposes it would ordinarily be sufficient for the paper to be made up,
from two sheets only.
Thus when a letter or order was written on the upper surface of any one of the
duplicate leaves of the book the ink used or acid or other penetrating fluid con-
tained in the ink would penetrate through the sheets of which such leaf was
composed, and when the letter or order had been written the sheets composing the
leaf might be separated from one another, and one torn off and sent away, whilst
the other was retained in the book. In the same way a record would be kept of
the filling in of all. cheques or Post office orders, or such like, when such cheques or
Post office orders were printed on duplicate paper formed as above described.
The writing on one leaf of the book would in most cases not penetrate through

page_text: from this leaf to the next leaf below it; the thin film of air between the leaves
would be sufficient to prevent this.
In cases where it is desirable that the color in the ink should not be allowed to
penetrate through to the back of the paper written on, I use as the coloring matter
of the ink a non penetrating color, whilst at the same time the ink shall contain
uncolored fluid which will readily penetrate the paper, and capable of acting on and
coloring or discharging color from or otherwise marking the sheet of paper that is
below the paper written on.
I prefer that the back sheet should be colored with such color as can readily be
acted upon by acid or alkali.
In cases where I wish the color to readily penetrate the paper that is written on I
use highly penetrating inks sometimes charged with acid, and charge the paper with
any suitable mordant such as used by dyers.
Another way of obtaining a copy of any written matter at the time that it is
written is to use for the back or copying sheet of paper a sheet of transparent paper
prepared preferably on one side only with zinc-white.
Before writing, a pad or sheet of lead or pewter or other suitable metal, preferably
having its surface toothed or roughened, is placed below the back or copying sheet.
The pressure of the pen or pencil upon the paper will be sufficient to cause the
under surface of the back sheet to be marked sufficiently for the writing produced
to be visible through the back sheet. The manufacture of copying paper with one
surface only coated with metallic composition is an important point in this part of
my Invention; the paper used is also much thinner than that used when making
the ordinary metallic paper which has a metallic coating on both sides.
Another way is to place a thin sheet of lead or other foil between the upper and
lower sheet of paper, the lower sheet being in this case prepared with zinc white or
other such like substance.
It would be possible to dispense with the use of this thin sheet foil by, preparing
the back of the upper paper in a suitable manner to cause it to act upon the surfacc
of the lower sheet.
.
Another way is to prepare with loose color the surface of the paper that is
written on, and to write with gummed or other ink, which would fasten the color.
Afterwards the face of the paper may be pressed against a sheet of paper slightly
charged with glycerine or other adhesive surface which would take off the color from
the surface of the paper that is written on, except where the color had been made.
fast.
In cases where several copies of any writing or drawing are required I use sheets
of paper or fabric charged or coated on one side with a composition of sugar and
treacle, or gelatine and glycerine, or other similar elastic moist absorbent compo-
sitions which will receive and hold aniline inks or dyes, and which compositions are
now commonly used for producing numerous copies of letters and such like written
on paper with aniline inks or dyes. When however such compositions have hereto-.
fore been used they have been contained in flat metal trays; in which the composition
could be melted and used over and over again, or in comparatively thick bodies..
According to my Invention I use only a thin film of the compositions carried by
paper or such like thin fabric or substance, and when any one sheet of such fabric
has been used and is no longer required it may be thrown away or destroyed.
Sheets of such paper may be made up into a book with alternate leaves of plain
paper. Any letter or order or such like may be written on one of the plain leaves
in any of the aniline inks now commonly used; the leaf with the letter or order
written upon it may then be turned over on to the coated leaf next to it. The
surface of the coated leaf will then absorb the ink or dye from the paper, and
numerous copies may afterwards be obtained from the composition surface forming
the coating, by laying sheets of paper successively on to this surface and slightly
rubbing or dabbing down the paper on to it in the manner now well known
and commonly practised when thick. beds of elastic composition are used as
beretofore.

page_text: .11
+
After the ink or dye held by the moist porous composition coating..
,7'it
has become
exhausted the original letter, can by simply closing the book be again applied to the
surface of the composition in perfect register with the first impression; thus the
composition will acquire a further supply of ink or dye from the letter, and a further
number of copies may be printed.
!
When the desired number of copies of the original letter have been obtained the
composition coated leaf may be torn out and thrown away, leaving the original, in
the book to be kept as a record, or the original might be sent away and the coated
leaf retained.
In place of the coated or charged leaves being bound up alternately with leaves
of plain paper I make the composition leaves in such a manner that a letter may
be written on the plain paper forming the back of one composition leaf, and the
letter so written be closed down on to and so be transferred to the composition
surface of the next leaf. In this case varnish or other resist should be interposed
between the composition surface or film and the paper back by which such surface
or film is carried.
Or a composition sheet or sheets might be carried by the left hand cover of a
book pad, whilst the right hand cover carried, say, 50 or other desired number of
sheets of writing paper. A sheet of blotting paper with waterproof back may
protect the composition sheet, and may be permanently fastened to the top edge of
the left hand cover so that it may be turned back. When a letter has been written
on the upper sheet of the pad of writing paper, and it is not required to retain a
copy of this letter, the sheet of blotting paper may be closed down onto it, and the
leaf then be torn out, but when several copies of the letter are required the blotting
paper' is turned back out of the way, and the letter is closed down on to the com-
position sheet. The leaf may then be torn out, and the composition sheet be used
for printing on to the lower sheets of the writing pad, the printing on each sheet
being effected simply by closing the book pad; then again opening it and tearing
off the top sheet and again closing the book pad, and so on.
The sheets of paper
forming the pad may be to some extent charged with glycerine or other mordant.
I also claim to use pads thus made up of paper charged with glycerine or other
mordant in any printing process. When the pads require moistening I avoid the
use of gum or such adhesive matters as are soluble in water.
In place of using a sheet of paper charged or coated with the composition it
would in many cases be preferable to use thin sheet metal or other substance simply
coated or smeared on its surface with gelatinous or analogous compositions. In this
case when the gelatinous or soapy film has been once used it may be washed off
and the metal surface again smeared or coated over. This applies not only when
making up a book pad in the manner above described, but also in other cases. In
the same way any of the soft printing beds now used may have any ink pattern on
their surface similarly smeared over and obliterated so that a fresh pattern may be
put upon it.
In the same way pad books may be made up with oil paper or such like non-
absorbent substance carried by the left hand cover especially if oil aniline ink is to
be used for writing with. In this case the pattern of any letter transferred to the
surface of one of the oil paper or such like sheets may be subsequently printed from
either at once or at any future time.
Or in place of the composition charged or coated sheets being bound up to form
them into a book, they might be placed one above the other and secured together at the
edges so as to form them into a pad, and when the uppermost sheet has been used
this sheet may be torn off and thrown away, leaving the sheet next below it ready
for use. The composition coated sheets may also be kept as separate sheets, and
may be used just in the same manner as blocks of elastic moist composition are now
used for obtaining a number of copies of any written document, and as each sheet is
of comparatively little value it may after being once used be thrown away and a
new sheet be used for obtaining copies of the next document, instead of its being
necessary to wash off the ink from the surface of the composition after a number of

page_text: copies of one document have been obtained from it to prepare it to receive an impres-
sion from the document next to be copied.
Also according to my Invention I form writing pads with lines and patterns to
serve as a guide and help to the person writing. The pads are by preference of
metal, or it might be china, with a toothed or roughened surface, with lines or
patterns sunk. These sunk lines or patterns may be colored differently to the
surface..
In some cases I form a writing pad of a sheet of gelatinous compound having on
its surface a pattern in aniline or such like dye, so that simultaneously with writing
an impression is obtained from the pad on to the back of the paper.
In order to readily make perforates of paper and other material to be used in the pro-
cesses described herein, and in the Specifications before mentioned, I place a sheet of
paper or other material on to a hard pattern surface, and pass it under a roller or series
of rollers set at different angles, and each provided with numerous cutting edges;
or the face of a revolving disc coated with emery or otherwise slightly roughened
may be used instead of the roller with cutting edges. Or the paper may be
pressed up to and against a roughened surface, such as a file surface or wire
gauze. The appearance of paper so treated or designs thereon will for many
purposes be much improved, even without actual perforation of the paper. Parts
of the paper which are not required to be perforated may be protected from the
action of the roughened surface by interposing paper or cardboard or metal
between these parts of the paper and the roughened surface, or by so arranging
the backing by which the paper is pressed against the roughened surface that
the parts which are to be perforated shall be subjected to pressure, whilst less or
no pressure shall he brought upon the other parts.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of performing
the same, I would have it understood that I claim the various improvements
herein before described in producing printed, embossed, or perforated matter, and in
the reproduction and transferring of written, drawn, or printed matter or patterns
otherwise produced, and in appliances to be used for these purposes.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Evan Jefferies, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty first day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty.