IMPROVE- MENTS IN GEARING FOR REGULATING THE SPEED OF MACHINERY VELOCIPEDES AND OTHER WHEELED VEHICLES OR CARRIAGES." PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said.
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Owen Aves and George Moss, of 46 Barbican
in the City of London, Mechanical Engineers, for an Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN GEARING FOR REGULATING THE SPEED OF MACHINERY VELOCIPEDES
AND OTHER WHEELED VEHICLES OR CARRIAGES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said. William Owen Aves and
George Moss at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the '19th April
1883.
WILLIAM OWEN AVES and GEORGE Moss of 46 Barbican, in the City of
London, Mechanical Engineers "IMPROVEMENTS IN GEARING FOR REGULATING
THE SPEED OF MACHINERY VELOCIPEDES AND OTHER WHEELED VEHICLES OR
CARRIAGES
"
The first part of our Invention relates to a new system of gearing, with one or
more conical-shaped and toothed wheels, either connected with a shaft, or as a
driving or driven wheel, or as driving and driven wheel combined, for the purpose
of producing various speeds, as required.
This we do by striking several distinct and separate pitch-lines on the conical
surface, from its larger to its smaller diameter, that is, so that the larger circum-
ference may have, say 30 teeth, or any other number and the smaller 20 teeth, or
any other number suited to the amount of change required. Into this coned
toothed wheel, we run a spur wheel on a shaft parallel to the face of the cone
itself, which being moved by a lever, or other suitable arrangement, slides freely
with or on its shaft, from one end to the other of the conical surface, and thus
regulates the speed as desired. The conical wheels may be either toothed or
corrugated, as most suitable in each case, and they may be so placed that the spur
wheel may run in contact either with two outer surfaces, or with one inner and
one outer surface, in such position as may be most convenient.
Secondly, we use the same system of gearing, by striking separate and distinct
pitch-lines on the side faces of discs, and running the spur-wheels against those
faces, further from, or nearer to, the centre of the discs; which is done by the spur
or other conveniently shaped toothed, or corrugated, wheel sliding freely with or
on its shaft and being guided by a lever, or other suitable means, so as to give the
desired speed.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Owen Aves and George Moss in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 19th October 1883.
WILLIAM OWEN AVES and GEORGE MOSS of 46 Barbican in the City of
London Mechanical Engineers "IMPROVEMENTS IN GEARING FOR REGULATING
THE SPEED OF MACHINERY, VELOCIPEDES AND OTHER WHEELED VEHICLES OR
CARRIAGES
"3
This invention relates to change gearing for adjusting and varying the velocity
ratio communicated between two shafts or wheels and the invention has for its
object to substitute for the friction gearing heretofore proposed for accomplishing
the same purpose toothed gearing by which a definite positive velocity ratio is
established and the slip and other defects inherent to friction gearing are avoided.
The invention is applicable to two forms of gearing (a) cone gearing and
(b) disc or face wheel gearing and it consists in either case in providing the
operative face or faces of the cone or cones or disc with series or circles of teeth
arranged on distinct and separate pitch lines or circles which are situated at
regular distances apart upon the surface of the cone or disc, the teeth being of
uniform pitch on all the series or circles but varying in number according to a
given order of progression suited to the angle of the cone or cones and the distance
apart of the pitch lines thereon or to the difference of radius of the pitch circles on
the disc (as the case may be) the teeth in each row or circle being so arranged
relatively to those in the adjacent rows or circles and being of such form as to
permit of the spur wheel which gears with them being moved laterally along the
cone or across the disc from one pitch line or circle to another for the purpose of
varying the speed transmitted.
Cone gearing may consist of a single cone toothed as above described and of a
spur wheel having teeth of a form adapted to gear therewith said spur wheel being
mounted on a shaft parallel to the face or side of the cone, said wheel being capable
of imparting or transmitting rotary motion and of being adjusted to gear with the
cone at any one of the pitch lines at or between its larger or smaller ends either
the cone or the wheel being the driver and the other the follower. But generally
a second and similarly toothed cone would be combined with the first one, the
large end of the one cone being situated opposite to the small end of the other and
the adjacent sides or faces of the two cones being parallel to one another and the
toothed wheel being a mere intermediate wheel gearing with the two cones for
transmitting motion from one to the other. By shifting the wheel between the
cones it is caused to gear with the large end of the one and the small end of the
other, or vice versa, for varying the velocity as required.
The two cones would generally be of equal dimensions and toothed externally
but one cone might be considerably larger than the. other hollow and toothed on
its internal surface, the other cone and the intermediate wheel running within it.
Disc or face gearing may consist of a disc toothed on its face as above described
and of a toothed wheel gearing therewith and mounted on a shaft parallel with the
face of the disc said wheel being capable of imparting or transmitting rotary motion
and of being adjusted to gear with the disc at any one of the pitch circles nearer
to or farther from the centre of the disc.
A pair of toothed discs may also be used as in the case of the cones their faces
being parallel and the various pitch circles on the one coming opposite those of the
other at one point, the large to the small (and reciprocally) the toothed wheel
gearing with the two discs at this point for transmitting motion from the one to
the other. By shifting the intermediate wheel it is moved nearer to the centre of

page_text: one disc and farther from the centre of the other for varying the velocity as
required.
In order that the invention may be more readily understood I have illustrated
examples thereof in the accompanying drawings wherein figures 1. 2 and 3
represent one arrangement of double cone gearing and Figures 4. 5 and 6 represent
single and Figures 7 and 8 double disc or face gearing.
The same letters of reference indicate similar parts in all the figures. Referring
to Figures 1. 2. 3 Figure 1 is an elevation and Figure 2 a plan of one arrange-
ment of cone gearing in which a pair of similar toothed cones and an intermediate
wheel are used and Figure 3 is a development of the conical surface of one of the
cones showing the teeth thereon. A. A¹. are the two cones respectively mounted
on shafts B B' supported in suitable bearings, any suitable provision being made
for transmitting the motion to and from the cones either through their shafts or
otherwise as most convenient and as will be readily understood. The cones are
situated with the larger end of the one towards the smaller end of the other, and
vice versa, and since they are shown in this example as of equal angles or degrees
of conicality, their shafts are consequently parallel, but this is not essential provided
that the adjacent sides or faces of the cones themselves are parallel the one to the
other. C is the intermediate toothed wheel mounted between these adjacent and
parallel faces of the cones and gearing with both. Said wheel is upon a shaft D
supported in suitable bearings in a position midway between and parallel with the
parallel faces of the cones, said shaft being capable of being slid end wise in its
bearings by a lever or other suitable means for the purpose of shifting the inter-
mediate wheel from one end of the cones to the other, or the wheel might be shifted
on its shaft as will be readily understood, suitable means being provided for
retaining the wheel in whatever position it may be placed. a. b. c. d. e. are the
pitch lines of the different rows or series of teeth upon the cones with either of
which the intermediate wheel may be geared similar letters indicating corresponding
pitch lines on the two cones in Figure 2 and on the development of one of the
cones shown in Figure 3. The teeth of the wheel C are of rounded form as shown
whilst the teeth of the cones are of the variable form shown in the development
Figure 3. There are say 21 teeth on the pitch line e in Figure 3, the number
increasing by two for each successive pitch line so that there are 29 teeth on line a
or any other suitable ratio may be adopted according to the angle and length of
the cones provided that the pitch of the teeth is the same on all the different pitch
lines. These teeth may be said to be formed by cutting grooves in the face of the
cone said grooves crossing one another as shown and leading from the spaces
between the teeth of one row to those of the next to permit of the passage of the
teeth of wheel C across the rows of teeth. The grooves might in fact be formed
by cutting away the metal and leaving the teeth but in practice the teeth would
be formed by casting on the cones. In the single cone arrangement one of the
cones would be dispensed with and the wheel C would be adapted to transmit or
receive the rotary motion through its shaft or otherwise.
Figures 4. 5 and 6 represent face and edge views of the single disc or face wheel
arrangement and figures 7 and 8 face and edge views of the double disc or face
wheel arrangement the construction and operation of which will be evident from
the foregoing description without further explanation, the same letters of reference
indicating in these cases the face wheels which correspond to the cones of the
former arrangement and are similarly toothed, the operation being analogous
in all.
Having thus described the nature of our invention and the manner of performing
the same we would observe that we are aware that friction gear has been combined
and arranged as herein described and we do not therefore claim such combination
and arrangement when applied to friction gear but what we do claim as our inven-
tion to be protected by the hereinbefore in part recited Letters Patent is :-
1 The construction and use of toothed gearing consisting of a cone or cones, or
a disc or discs having teeth arranged on different pitch lines or circles, the teeth

page_text: varying in number but not in pitch, in combination with a toothed wheel gearing
therewith and capable of being adjusted opposite any one of the said pitch lines or
circles substantially as and for the purpose specified.
2nd The respective combinations and arrangements of change gearing herein
described and shown in the respective figures of the drawings when provided with
teeth as specified.
In witness whereof I the said William Owen Aves for myself and on behalf
of the said George Moss have hereunto set my hand and seal this eighteenth
day of October in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty
three