AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MACHINES COMMONLY CALLED BY SPINNERS THROSTLE FRAMES AND SPINNING FRAMES, WHICH MACHINES OPERATE BY SPINDLES AND FLYERS AND BOBBINS, FOR SPINNING OR TWISTING YARN OR THREADS, WHICH IMPROVEMENT I BELIEVED WOULD PROVE OF PUBLIC BENEFIT AND UTILITY
Year: 1831

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY GORE,
of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS I did, by my Petition, humbly represent unto His most Excel-
lent Majesty King William the Fourth, that I had invented and found out
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MACHINES COMMONLY CALLED BY SPINNERS THROSTLE
FRAMES AND SPINNING FRAMES, WHICH MACHINES OPERATE BY SPINDLES AND
FLYERS AND BOBBINS, FOR SPINNING OR TWISTING YARN OR THREADS, WHICH
IMPROVEMENT I BELIEVED WOULD PROVE OF PUBLIC BENEFIT AND UTILITY," and His
said Majesty, being willing to encourage useful inventions, was graciously
pleased to issue His Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of England,
bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-second day of December, in the
second year of His reign (One thousand eight hundred and thirty-one),
whereby His said Majesty did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Henry Gore, my exors, admors, and assigns, His
especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said
Henry Gore, my exors, adññiors, and assigns, and every of them, by myself
and themselves, or by my or their deputy or deputies, servants or agents, or
such others as I, the said Henry Gore, my exors, adñiors, or assigns, should
at any time agree with (and no others) from time to time and at all times
during the term of fourteen years from the date of the said Letters Patent,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend my said Invention

page_text: within that part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
called England, His said Majesty's Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed; in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso that I,
the said Henry Gore, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by
an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, and cause the same to
be enrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months after the date.of.the.said. Letters, Patent, as in and by the same,
reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Henry Gore, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, is described and ascertained
as follows, that is to say :-
My said Improvement in the Machines commonly called by Spinners
Throstle Frames and Spinning Frames, which Machines operate by Spindles and
Flyers and Bobbins, for Spinning or Twisting Yarn or Thread, relates to those
parts of such machines which are called the collars for the upper bearings of
the spindles to retain them in a vertical position as they revolve; and my said
improvement consists in substituting for the ordinary collar a hollow tube,
which is fixed first at its lower end into the spindle rail in the same manner
as the ordinary collar would be fixed therein, but the said tube stands up in a
vertical position above the spindle rail, and the interior of the tube is a larger
bore than the size of the spindle which passes through it, except at the upper.
end of the tube, which rises up into the hollow within the barrel part of the
wooden bobbin; and the bore of the tube at that upper end fits the spindle
correctly, so as to form the upper bearing for the spindle to retain it in its
vertical position when it revolves; and hence, according to my said improve-
ment, the collar or upper bearing for the spindle is situated at the upper end
of a fixed tube which rises within the hollow of the wooden bobbin instead of
the collar or upper bearing being wholly below the base of the wooden bobbin,
as the same has been heretofore situated; and by virtue of my said improve-
ment, the upper bearing being raised higher towards the top of the spindle
than usual (for a spindle which is to carry the same sized bobbin), the
spindle will be more securely retained in its vertical position, and will
be less liable than usual to lateral vibration when it is turned with great
rapidity; and also as there is, according to my said improvement, less length
of the spindle, and consequently less weight of moving parts above the collar
or upper bearing, than usual, so there requires less length of the spindle
than usual below that upper bearing, whereby the whole length of the spindle

page_text: may be considerably lessened without impairing the steadiness of its motion,
because there is the usual preponderance of weight below the upper bearing in
proportion to the weight and stress above that bearing, such as is found by
experience to be a necessary preponderance to preserve a spindle steady and
without lateral vibration when it is urged by a very rapid motion; and the
spindle, according to my said improvement, being shorter, may be made more
slender, and therefore may be made considerably lighter than usual, without
being liable to that unsteadiness of motion which is the objection to short and
slender, and consequently light, spindles, when the same are mounted on the
common plan of an upper bearing wholly beneath the base of the wood
bobbin. The wooden bobbins for spindles, which are mounted according to
my said improvement with a fixed tube as aforesaid, in order to raise the upper
bearing within the bobbin, must be made with a larger hole in the lower bush
than usual, because that lower bush is to fit upon the fixed tube, instead of
fitting upon the bare spindle, as usual. The upper bush of the wood bobbin
is fitted to the bare spindle, as usual; and whereas by the lower bush of the
bobbin revolving about the fixed tube, which constitutes my improvement, it
will have more friction to overcome than usual, and consequently the drag of
the bobbin and tendancy to gather the thread around the bobbin will be
greater than by the usual plan, wherein the bobbin is fitted upon the bare
spindle. That increase of drag will be found advantageous for twisting two
or more strong yarns together into thread; but in other cases, and for spinning
finer sorts of the yarn, where such} increased drag of the bobbin would be
objectionable, a thin tube may be fixed on the spindle by screwing it fast
thereon, just at that part where the spindle comes out through the collar
or bearing at the top of the fixed tube. The said tube, which is fixed to
the spindle, must extend downwards and surround the outside of the fixed
tube, but without touching the same; and upon the surrounding tube (which
revolves with the spindle) the lower bush of the wooden bobbin is fitted,
the upper bush of the bobbin being fitted on the bare spindle as usual. In
this way the drag of the bobbin will be less than usual, because the said
revolving tube being of a larger size than the bare spindle, will cause more
friction, and as that friction tends to carry the bobbin round, it will diminish
the drag or resistance which the bobbin opposes to turning round when dragged
by the thread; whereas, without the revolving tube, the lower bush of the
bobbin being fitted upon the fixed tube, and revolving thereon, the friction
will tend to increase the drag of the bobbin. :
And for the more complete explanation of my said Invention I have
hereunto annexed a Drawing, representing two spindles mounted according

page_text: to my said improvement. They are drawn full size, and each one is shewn
in section, and also an external elevation in Figures 1 and 2. A is the
upper end of the spindle, and B the lower end or toe, which runs in the
step or cup, supported by the lower spindle rail. C is the wharve whereby
the spindle is turned round. D is the flyer screwed on the top of the
spindle, and E the wooden bobbin. 5 is the tubular collar, constructed
according to my said improvement. The lower part 2 of the collar is fitted
into a hole in the upper spindle rail, and is fastened therein by a nut 3,
which is screwed on beneath, and which draws it fast down to the shoulder 4.
5 is the tube, which rises up arou d the spindle, as shewn in thé section
Figure 1. The bore of the tube 5 is as much larger than the spindle as
to allow it to turn round freely; but a brass bush is driven tight into the
tube at 6, 6, near the upper end thereof, whic fits the spindle exactly, and
forms the collar or upper bearing for the spindle. The upper bush e of the
wooden bobbin E is fitted upon the upper part of the spindle just as usual;
but the lower bush 7 is bored out larger than usual to fit the outside of the
fixed tube 5. 8, 8, is a metal washer fitted loosely upon the outside of the
tube 5, so as to slide freely up and down thereon. The flat flange 8 of
the metal washer rests upon the flat surface of the copping rail, and the usual
circular washer of woollen cloth d is interposed between the base of the
wood bobbin and the top surface of the flange of the washer. The metal
washer 8 is left quite at liberty either to go round with the bobbin or to stand
still; and another cloth washer may be placed beneath it on the copping rail
if required. The tube 5, around which the bobbin runs, being immoveable,
the friction which takes place between the lower bush of the wood bobbin and
the outside of the tube, tends to augment the drag of the bobbin. Note,
the upper side of the flange 4, at the bottom of the tubular collar, is hollowed
out to form a cup for the reception of oil; and every time that the washer
descends on the tube it dips into the oil and carries up with it as much oil
as will keep the outside of the tube 5 greasy, in order to make the lower bush
of the bobbin run light upon the outside of the tube. The same tube I fix
in the copping rail; it then moves up and down the spindle from two to three
inches, or the length of the lift, which causes the spindle to wear much longer,
and make it convenient for oiling, &c. And when the bobbin is up at the
top of the spindle, the tap of the tube is nearly there also, which keeps its
steady; the copping rail is made a proper strength, and fitted up in the best
manner.
This will be found a great improvement.
Figures 3 and 4 represent a similar spindle, with the addition of a thin
metal tube 9, 9, which is fastened on the spindle, just above where it comes

page_text: through the top of the tubular collar, by screwing in the same manner as a
flyer is screwed on; and the tube 9, 9, covers over and surrounds the outside
of the tubular collar 5, but without touching that outside or any other fixed
part; but the tube 9 turns round with the spindle, and the lower bush of the
bobbin is fitted to the outside of the tube 9, the use of which is to diminish
the friction and drag of the bobbin, because the tube on which the lower bush
of the bobbin is fitted turns round in the same direction as the bobbin is
required to turn.
Having now described the nature of my said improvement, I, the said
Henry Gore, do hereby declare that what I claim as my Invention is, the
mode herein-before described of constructing the collars of spindles of
machines, commonly called by spinners throstle frames and spinning frames,
for spinning or twisting yarn or thread, whereby the upper bearings of such
spindles are raised up within the hollow of the wooden bobbin, as in the
manner and for the purposes herein-before stated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Gore, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of June, One thousand eight
hundred and thirty-two.
Signed, sealed, and delivered, by the
said Henry Gore, in the presence of
CHARLES MEREDITH,
HENRY (L.S.) GORE.
Law Stat, Manchester.