IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING OIL AND OIL CAKE FROM SEEDS, AND IN THE MACHINERY TO BE USED THEREIN
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick John Cheesbrough, of 16, Water
Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING OIL AND OIL CAKE
FROM SEEDS, AND IN THE MACHINERY TO BE USED THEREIN." -A commu-
nication from abroad by William B. Fisher, of Newark, in the State
of New Jersey, United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick John
Cheesbrough at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 27th June 1872.
I, FREDERICK JOHN CHEESBROUGH, of 15, Water Street, Liverpool,
in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING OIL AND
OIL CAKE FROM SEEDS, AND IN THE MACHINERY TO BE USED THEREIN," to be as
follows:-
The manufacture of oil and oil cake from seeds, as at present generally
practised, consists in first crushing the seed between rollers, and then
=

page_text: leading the crushed seed or meal on to a heated mulling bed of a
chasing mill or edge runners. .The mulling bed is heated and kept hot
by the application of steam, whilst the mill grinds, tempers, or mulls
the crushed seed. The seed or meal is also moistened by the application
of water. The meal thus prepared is then pressed into moulds in the
form of cakes, which cakes are put into a hydraulic press, which
expresses the oil from the cakes. The cakes, after the oil is expressed,
are known and sold as oil cake.
Now, the first part of the improvements to which this Invention
relates, consists in the direct application of steam jets to heat and 1
moisten the crushed meal in the mulling bed of a chasing mill.
The second part relates to dispensing entirely with the chasing mill
and mulling bed, and heating and moistening by steam jets the crushed
meal as it is delivered from the crushing rollers.
To carry these objects into practice, the mulling bed or tray of the 1
chasing mill is fitted with a coil of steam piping, which pipe is perforated
round its diameter, so as to allow the steam to escape in jets. The
steam thus heats and moistens the meal as it is fed into and crushed by
the chasing mill, dispensing with the dry heating and application of
water as at present practised.
-
In carrying out the second part of this Invention the chasing mill
(or edge runners) is entirely dispensed with, the seed being sufficiently
crushed or mealed in the rollers. The meal is fed into a pan or tray of
suitable size and shape; this pan or tray being fitted with a coil of
perforated steam piping, through which jets of steam escape, heating
and moistening the meal. The pan or tray is also fitted with a revolving
scraper, which mixes and then scrapes the crushed, heated, and moistened
seed into moulds used to form cakes for the press.
The advantages attendant on the use of this process are, firstly, sim-
plicity of machinery, inasmuch as the chasing mill is dispensed with,
and secondly, that by dispensing with the chasing mill, the crushed seed
is not so much broken, and therefore the cake obtained after the process
of expressing, shows a better grain and face, and takes more readily in
the market, inasmuch as the users are enabled to see that the cake is
genuine and not adulterated.

page_text: filed by the said Frederick John Cheesbrough in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 20th December 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
JOHN CHEESBROUGH, of 15, Water Street, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of June, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Frederick John Cheesbrough, Her
special licence that I, the said Frederick John Cheesbrough, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Frederick John Cheesbrough, my executors, administrators, and assigns,-
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and law-
fully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom'
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING OIL AND
OIL CAKE FROM SEEDS, AND IN THE MACHINERY TO BE USED THEREIN," a com-
munication to me from abroad by William B. Fisher, of Newark, in the
State of New Jersey, United States of America, upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Frederick John Cheesbrough, my,
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe.
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick John Cheesbrough, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement :-
The manufacture of oil and oil cake from seeds, as at present generally.
practised, consists in first crushing the seed between rollers, and then.

page_text: leading the crushed seed or meal on to a heated mulling bed of a
chasing mill or edge runners. The mulling bed is heated and kept hot
by the application of steam, whilst the mill grinds, tempers, or mulls
the crushed seed. The seed or meal is also moistened by the application
of water. The meal thus prepared is then pressed into moulds in the
form of cakes, which cakes are put into a hydraulic press, which
expresses the oil from the cakes. The cakes after the oil is expressed,
are known and sold as oil cake.
Now the first part of the improvements to which this Invention
relates, consists in the direct application of steam jets to heat and
moisten the crushed meal in the mulling bed of a chasing mill.
The second part, relates to dispensing entirely with the chasing mill
and mulling bed, and heating and moistening by steam jets the crushed
meal as it is delivered from the crushing rollers.
• To carry these objects into practise the mulling bed or tray of the
chasing mill is fitted with a coil of steam piping, which pipe is perforated
round its diameter, so as to allow the steam to escape in jets. The
steam thus heats and moistens the meal as it is fed into and crushed by
the chasing mill, dispensing with the dry heating and application of
water as at present practised.
In carrying out the second part of this Invention, the chasing mill (or
edge runners) is entirely dispensed with, the seed being sufficiently
crushed or mealed in the rollers. The meal is fed into a pan or tray of
suitable size and shape; this pan or tray being fitted with a coil of
perforated steam piping, through which jets of steam escape, heating
and moistening the meal. The pan or tray is also fitted with a revolving
scraper, which mixes and then scrapes the crushed, heated, and moistened
seed into moulds used to form cakes for the press.
By the use of the before-mentioned apparatus seed may also be
prepared for storage, as the steam jets thoroughly cleanse and sweeten
the seed. In this case it is preferable to use steam at a high pressure,
about sixty pounds, as its force when issuing from the small holes in the
coil or chamber removes all objectionable matter, whilst the high tem-
perature accomplishes the drying; thus the causes of fermentation are

page_text: cated on the Drawings by dots, countersunk slightly to cause the
escaping steam to spread that it may thoroughly permeate the mass of
seed or meal moving over the same from the hopper K to the table E.
The seed or meal is removed from the table or bed E by the scrapers I.
The scrapers are so connected to the arms G that they may be adjusted
to an incline to clear the seed from the table rapidly or slowly at the
will of the operator. They may be made of sheet metal or wood. Steam
may be conducted to the coil from any suitable boiler or generator.
Power is transmitted to the shaft H, which carries the arms to which the
scrapers are attached by means of the geared wheels M, N, or in any
other suitable manner. The close jacket L for convenience may be
made of sheet metal, and is used to partially confine the steam when
desirable to add moisture to the crushed seed or meal to prepare it for
the operation of pressing. For cleaning and drying the seed for storage
the jacket may be perforated, or a wire screen may be used, which will
allow the steam to pass through and off rapidly, carrying away with it
the impurities and excess of moisture previously contained therein,
leaving the same thoroughly cleansed and sweet.
The
Power is trans-
a pipe, through
In the modification shown at Figures 4 and 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, are rims
forming a frame for supporting and strengthening a screen L. The pan
or hopper K is made with ports or openings P round its lower side, and
shaft H carries
contains a horizontal perforated steam coil F.
propeller shaped agitators or scrapers R. (see Figure 5).
mitted to the shaft H by the bevel wheels M, N. S is
which a blast of air is conveyed for cooling the seed, grain, or meal as it
passes over the inclined sides of the screen L. T is an appliance placed
over the mouth of the pipe to spread the blast of air around the inside
of the screen; V is the steam pipe communicating with the coil or
steam chamber F.
The operation of the second part of this Invention may be thus stated.
The seed or meal being sufficiently crushed or mealed in the crushing
rollers is fed into the hopper K, passes from thence over the steam
coil F, and is scraped into moulds and prepared for pressing. In the
case of the modification the crushed seed or meal is fed into the
hopper K, where it is moistened and heated by the steam jets from the

page_text: and falls down the inclined screen L, where it is cooled by the blast of
air from the pipe S. Seed or grain may be treated in the same way for
storage, as before-mentioned.
The advantages attendant on the use of this process are, firstly,
simplicity of machinery, inasmuch as the chasing mill is dispensed with,
and secondly, that by dispensing with the chasing mill, the crushed seed
is not so much broken, and therefore the cake obtained after the process
of expressing shows a better grain and face and takes more readily in
the market, inasmuch as the users are enabled to see that the cake is
"genuine and not adulterated.
Having now fully described and ascertained the nature of this In-
vention, and how the same is to be carried out into practical effect, I
wish it to be clearly understood that I do not confine myself to the
precise details, relative proportions and dimensions, as shown in the
Drawings, as the same may be considerably altered without departing
from this Invention, and I would also remark that metallic chambers
perforated with small holes would be an equivalent to the perforated
team coil and would serve the same purpose, and forms part of this
Invention, and the pan and hopper may be of any suitable shape, square
or round, according to circumstances. What I desire to secure by
Letters Patent, as aforesaid, is,―
Firstly. The use and application of steam jets playing direct on the
crushed meal or seed on the mulling bed of a chasing mill, either
through a perforated steam coil or a perforated metallic chamber, for the
purpose of heating and moistening the seed or meal under heatment,
substantially in the manner set forth and specified.
Secondly. The combination of the pan or hopper K, perforated conical
steam coil F, jacket L, shaft H, and rotating arms G, G, carrying
scrapers I, constituting an improved apparatus for heating oily seeds
and meal, as and for the purposes herein set forth.
Thirdly. The improved method of cleansing and drying oleaginous
seeds by feeding the same over the incline surface of a perforated conical
steam coil or chamber, substantially in the manner described.
Fourthly. The combination of the box or hopper K with a perforated
chamber or steam coil F, agitators or propellers R, shaft H, outlet

page_text: ports P, screen L, blast pipe S, as an improved apparatus for treating
oleaginous seeds and meal, substantially as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick John Cheesbrough, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of December,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy- |
twō.
Witness,
FREDERICK JOHN (L.S.) CHEESBROUGH.
JOHN H. REDMOND,
of 15, Water Street,
Liverpool.