Improvements in and relating to Apparatus whereby the Heat and Dragons of Steam other Finida ATA Utilized for Regulating, Indicating, Signalling, or other Purposes.
Year: 1885

page_text: Improvements in and relating to Apparatus whereby the Heat
and Dragons of Steam
other
Finida
ATA
Utilized for
Regulating, Indicating, Signalling, or other Purposes.
I ALBERT WALZ, Engineer of 33 Königs-Allec at Düsseldorf, Kingdom of
Prussia, Germany, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN AND RELATING TO APPARATUS WHEREBY THE HEAT AND PRESSURE OF
STEAM OR OTHER FLUIDS ARE UTILIZED FOR REGULATING, INDICATING SIGNALLING
OR OTHER PURPOSES" to be as follows:-
This invention relates to apparatus by means of which the extension or
expansion and contraction of pipes acted upon by the heat or pressure of
steam or other fluids are utilized for regulating indicating signalling or other
purposes.
The apparatus consists essentially of a pipe bent into serpentine form and
through which a fluid, such for instance as water, steam, air or gas flows. As the
temperature of this fluid varies, so the said pipe will expand or contract.
-
The coils or bends of the said pipes are arranged in such a manner that a
comparatively trifling expansion of a single section will produce a sufficient
movement to operate a regulating device or to actuate signalling mechanism.
The improved apparatus may for instance be applied to apparatus for heating by
means of water air or steam, and in such a manner as to act upon a smoke-slide or
a valve so as to regulate the draught of the furnace and consequently the heat
generated therein, or to act upon a valve for regulating the flow of fluid.
In carrying the said invention into practice I provide a serpentine pipe having
oppositely arranged bends through which pipe the fluid to be maintained say at an
uniform temperature flows. The bends are so arranged relatively to one another
that the expansion consequent upon the heat can take place only in one direction.
To attain this object the two ends of the pipe which are bent so as to be adjacent
to each other are held securely in the lower part of a perpendicular frame.
The opposite bends of the pipe are prevented from moving laterally relatively
to one another by means of stays and set screws which latter are provided for
purposes of adjustment.
9. :
The adjacent portions of the pipes between the bends are kept together by
means of clamps. The top part of the pipe is connected by means of a link to the

page_text: short arm of a lever. The latter has its centre of motion or fulcrum upon the
perpendicular frame, and to its long arm is connected a rod attached to a damper
or valve. The long arm of the lever may also be fitted with an index finger
moving over a scale for indicating the temperature or pressure of the fluid in
the pipe.
The apparatus arranged as above described should be located in a position
wherein the variations of temperature are not considerable and therefore would
not exert any very injurious influence upon the apparatus. This is more
particularly necessary if all the parts are made of the same material. If now,
hot water, steam, air or gas be allowed to pass through the pipe the heat will
chiefly affect the pipe and expand it.
Expansion however will take place only in one direction, that is upwardly,
because lateral expansion of the serpentine bends is prevented by the said stays
which are only slightly affected by the heat. The said stays if desired may be
covered with some bad conductor of heat. The perpendicular frame too takes up
but little heat and therefore its extension longitudinally will be inconsiderable.
The bends of the pipe 'however are free to expand upwards and as a consequence
of such expansion the link will undergo a certain amount of displacement in an
upward direction. This displacement is transferred to the lever and thence to the
valve rod thus lowering more or less and closing or partially closing the said valve.
If the valve for instance be placed over the air inlet of the furnace the supply of
air will be lessened as the valve closes.
It is obvious that by the agency of the connecting rod a smoke-slide or damper
can also be moved. The movement of the pipe can also be communicated to any
kind of regulator. Simultaneously with the action of the regulator, or not as
desired, signals can be operated by the expansion of the coil or electric circuits can
be close so as to move regulating or signalling devices at a distance.
When the pipe cools again the link will drop, the stays enforcing this backward
movement.
It is very easy to obtain any desired movement of the working parts by making
the apparatus of suitable size. The movements of the apparatus take place with
certainty and great power for the reason that the expansion of bodies by heat
cannot be checked by external forces.
For water heating apparatus it is advisable to provide an air valve on the
topmost bend of the pipe so as ensure the pipe. being filled with water,
If the apparatus be used for steam, two ends of the pipe can be connected with
the steam receptacle. As the pressure and temperature of the steam increase in
definite proportions, the apparatus can also be utilized as a pressure regulator, if
the air inlet to the fire, or the smoke slide or other regulating apparatus, be placed
in connection therewith.
In the case of air and gas of various temperatures being employed it is advisable
to form the topmost bend with a series of outlet boles, and to connect the two ends
of the pipe with the air or the gas reservoir so that the air or gas will ascend
simultaneously through both sets of bends and escape through the outlet holes at
the top. By this means differences of temperature will in this case cause the
movement of the lever.
The component parts of the apparatus may be made of different metals, as for
instance the pipe may be made of bronze or copper and the frame and stays of
iron; and these owing to the well-known varying degrees of expansion of different
metals will under different temperatures produce the movements; which may be
utilized for instance to indicate the temperature of the atmosphere in the room in
which the apparatus is placed and notify said indications at a distance by means
of levers.
!
The movements of the serpentine pipe as described will be materially assisted, if
the pipe be placed under internal pressure. In such case the pipe will act in the
same manner as the tube of a Bourdon Manometer. It will thus be seen that the
apparatus is influenced not by the differences in temperature alone, but by the

page_text: differences in the pressure also. If the apparatus for instance is connected with a
water heater under a certain amount of pressure and if the boiler be fitted with a
safety valve which will open on said pressure being exceeded, then at the moment
when the valve opens a diminution of pressure in the apparatus will suddenly take
place which diminution will materially contribute to the production of the move-
ments above described.
It is obvious that the serpentine form of the pipe can be modified in a variety of
ways, the essential point in these modifications of form being to prevent lateral
expansion in the separate bends as much as possible so as to provide for increased
capacity for expansion in the other direction.
Dated this 21st dere of Santambon 100K
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
For the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in and relating to Apparatus whereby the Heat
and Progue of Steam or other maids on Utilized
wN wa
fon
A
Regulating, Indicating, Signalling, or other Purposes.
I, ALBERT WALZ of 33 Konigsberg Allec Dusseldorf Prussia in the Empire of
Germany, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
This invention relates to apparatus by means of which the extension or
expansion and contraction of pipes acted upon by the heat or pressure of steam or
other fluids are utilized for regulating, indicating, signalling or other purposes.
As the
The apparatus consists essentially of a pipe bent into serpentine form and
through which a fluid, such for instance as water, steam, air or gas, flows.
temperature of this fluid varies, so the said pipe will expand or contract.
The coils or bends of the said pipe are arranged in such a manner that a com-
paratively trifling expansion of a single section will produce sufficient movement
to operate a regulating device or to actuate signalling mechanism.
The improved apparatus may for instance, be applied to apparatus for heating
by means of water, air or steam, and in such a manner as to act upon a smoke-slido
or valve so as to regulate the draught of the furnace and consequently the heat
generated therein, or to act upon a valve for regulating the flow of the fluid.
In the accompanying drawing
Figure 1 is an elevation of the improved apparatus.
Figure 2 is a side view of the same, and
Figure 3 is an elevation of a modified form of apparatus.
In carrying the said invention into practice I provide a serpentine pipe a having
oppositively arranged bends, as shown in Figure 1; through which pipe the fluid
to be maintained, say, at an uniform temperature, flows in the direction of the
arrows. The bends are so arranged relatively to one another that the expansion
consequent upon the heat can take place only in one direction. To attain this
object the two ends a¹, a³ of the pipe a are securely held relatively to one another,
as, for instance, in the lower part 6₁ of a perpendicular frame b.
The opposite bends of the pipe are prevented from moving laterally relatively to
one another by means of stays d and set screws d', which latter are provided for
purposes of adjustment. The adjacent portions of the pipes between the bends are
kept together by means of the clamps e.
The top part of the pipe carries a block f, which is connected by means of a
link g to the short arm h¹ of a lever h, having arms of unequal length. The said
lever bas its centre of motion or fulcrum upon the edge i, the pillow for which is
carried by the frame b', and to its long arin h³ is connected a rod k attached to a
damper or valve m. The long arm of the lever may also be fitted with an index
finger o moving over a scale, for indicating the temperature or pressure of the fluid
in the pipe.

page_text: The apparatus arranged as above described should be located in a room or
chamber wherein the variations of temperature are not considerable, and therefore
would not exert any very injurious influence upon the apparatus. This is more
particularly necessary if all the parts are made of the same material. If now hot-
water, steam, air, or gas be allowed to pass through the pipe, the heat will chiefly
affect the pipe and expand it.
Expansion, however, will take place only in one direction, that is upwardly,
because lateral expansion of the serpentine bends is prevented by the stays d,
which are only slightly affected by the heat. The said stays, if desired, may be
covered with some bad conductor of heat, and thus increase the capacity for
expansion in the apparatus. The frame b, too, takes up but little heat, and
therefore its extension longitudinally will be inconsiderable. The bends of the
pipes, however, are free to expand upwards, and, as a consequence of such
expansion, the block f will undergo a certain amount of displacement in an upward
direction. This displacement is transferred to the lever arm h¹ and thence to the
valve rod k, thus more or less closing the valve m. If the valve, for instance, be.
placed over the air inlet of the furnace, the supply of air will be lessened as the
valve closes.
It is obvious that by the agency of the connecting rod a smoke-slide or damper.
can also be moved. The movement of the pipe can also be communicated to any
kind of regulator.. Simultaneously with the action of the regulator, or not, as
desired, signals can be operated by the expansion of the coil, or electric circuits can
be closed so as to move regulating or signalling devices at a distance.
When the pipe a cools again the block f will drop, the stays d enforcing this
backward movement.
It is very easy to obtain any desired movement of the working parts by making
these parts of suitable proportions. The movements of the apparatus tako place
with certainty and great power, for the reason that the expansion of bodies by heat.
cannot be checked by external forces.
For water heating apparatus, it is advisable to provide an air valves on the
topmost bend of the pipe, so as to ensure the pipe being filled with water, The
ends a¹ a² of the pipe are connected. with the flow and return pipes of the water
heating apparatus. The index o will show the rise and fall of temperature if the
scale be properly divided.
If the apparatus be used for steam, the two ends a¹ a³ of the pipe can likewise
be connected with the steam receptacle. As the pressure and temperature of the
steam increase in definite proportions, the apparatus can also be utilized as a
pressure regulator, if the air-inlet to the fire, or the smoke slide or other regulating
apparatus be placed in connection therewith.
In the case of air and gas of various temperatures being employed, it is advisable
to form the topmost bend with a series of outlet holes, and to connect the two
ends of the pipe with the air or gas reservoir, so that the air or gas will ascend
simultaneously through both sides of the sets of bends and escape through the
outlet holes at the top. By this means differences of temperature will in this case
cause the movement of the lever,
The component parts of the apparatus may be made of different metals, as for
instance the pipe may be made of bronze or copper and the frame and stays of
iron; and these, owing to the well known varying degrees of expansion of
different metals, will, under different temperatures, produce the movements, which
may be utilized for instance to indicate the temperature of the atmosphere in the
room in which the apparatus is placed and notify said indications at a distance by
means of levers,
The movements of the serpentine pipe as described will be materially assisted, if
the pipe be placed under internal pressure. In such case the pipe will act in the
same manner as the tube of a Bourdon Pressure Gauge. It will thus be seen that
the apparatus is influenced, not only by the differences in temperature, but by the
differences in the pressure also,

page_text: If the apparatus, for instance, is connected with a water heater under a certain
amount of pressure, and if the boiler be fitted with a safety valve which will open
on said pressure being exceeded, then at the moment the valve opens a diminution
of pressure in the apparatus will suddenly take place, which diminution will
materially contribute to the production of the movements above described.
It is obvious that the serpentine form of the pipe a can be modified in a variety
of ways. Figure 3, for instance, represents a different shape which, perhaps, could
be made with greater facility than that before described, the pipe having somewhat
a zig-zag form.
The essential point in this construction is to prevent lateral expansion in the
separate bend as much as possible, so as to provide for increased capacity for
expansion in the other direction.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is :-
First. Apparatus for utilizing the movements of metal produced by heat and by
pressure, consisting of a pipe bent to a serpentine or zig-zag shape, and having as
many bends as may be desired, which bends are prevented from expanding laterally
by stays but are capable of moving longitudinally on a frame, so that the variations
of temperature or of the pressure of a fluid constantly flowing through the said pipe,
or else the difference between the temperature of these elements and the particular
medium in which the apparatus stands, will produce a degree of expansion in tho
pipes longitudinally that shall be proportionately higher as the number of the
bends is multiplied, this movement being utilized to operate a regulator or
indicating or signalling apparatus, substantially as described.
:
Second. The construction of the pipes a of a different metal from the other parts.
of the apparatus, for the purpose of utilizing, in the manner set forth in the
preceding claiming clause, the differences of expansion in these metals under the
variations of temperature of the medium in which the apparatus is placed,
substantially as described.