Im- PROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS OR MACHINERY FOR DRIVING SCREW PILES
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Martyn Kennard, of the Viaduct Works,
Crumlin, in the County of Monmouth, for the Invention of “Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS OR MACHINERY FOR DRIVING
SCREW PILES.”
Sealed the 1st September 1871, and dated the 4th March 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Martyn Kennard
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 4th March 1871.
I, HENRY MARTYN KENNARD, of the Viaduct Works, Crumlin, in
the County of Monmouth, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS OR MACHINERY
FOR DRIVING SCREW PILES," to be as follows:-
My Invention has reference to improved means and apparatus or
machinery for driving screw piles whereby the operation of driving such
piles is more conveniently and effectually carried out than at present.

page_text: For this purpose the pile has keyed on to its upper end a socket formed
on the end of a strong bar or shaft upon which slides a spur wheel, the
wheel being prevented from turning on the shaft by forming the latter
either square or with a feather or groove. The shaft is held in guides
in a vertical framing, one of which guides is shiftable and serves also
to hold the said spur wheel in such a mannor that it can turn in the
same. In gear with the spur wheel is a pinion capable of sliding upon
but turning with a vertical shaft, also carried by the aforesaid framing,
which pinion is kept in gear with the spur wheel by projecting rims or
flanges between which the spur wheel fits. At the lower end of tho
pinion shaft is provided any suitable gearing, such as a worm and worm
wheel actuated by means of crank handles whereby the pinion is rotated.
By such rotation of the pinion the spur wheel is driven round, and is
thereby made to turn the square shaft and with it the screw pile, which
is thus driven into the ground. As the screw pile descends the square
shaft attached thereto slides down through the spur wheel until the
upper end thereof arrives at the spur wheel, when if the screw pilo
requires to be still further driven the shiftable guide carrying the spur
wheel is lowered down the vortical framing until it arrives (carrying
with it the sliding pinion) at the socket again, in which position the
guide is fixed and the above-described operation is repeated. Upon the
said socket is formed or fixed a cross head, the ends of which are
attached to weights on the platform of the framing, by preference by
means of the well-known "Weston's "pulley tackle, which is tightened
as the pile descends, and thus a downward pressure is put on the pile to
assist in the driving of the same.
In another modification of the above arrangement the socket and
square shaft are dispensed with, and I fix the spur wheel with the
cross head directly to the end of the screw pile, so that the wheel,
and with it the sliding pulley, descends as the screw pile descends. The
vertical framing is by preference constructed with two uprights,
one on each side of the pile, fixed rigidly by means of stays to the
platform so as to obviate the necessity of employing guy ropes or
chains.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Martyn Kennard in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 2nd September 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, HENRY
MARTYN KENNARD, of the Viaduct Works, Crumlin, in the County of
Monmouth, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Horself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Henry Martyn Kennard, Her special
licenco that I, the said Henry Martyn Kennard, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry Martyn
Kennard, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, usc,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ircland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS OR MACHINERY FOR DRIVING SCREW
PILES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Henry
Martyn Kennard, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Martyn Kennard, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the accom-
panying Sheet of Drawings, and to the figures and letters marked
thereon, that is to say :—
My Invention has reference to improved means and apparatus or
machinery for driving screw piles whereby the operation of driving such
piles is more conveniently and effectually carried out than at present.
For this purpose the pile has keyed on to its upper end a socket formed
on the end of a strong bar or shaft upon which slides a spur whicel, the

page_text: In
wheel being prevented from turning on the shaft by forming the latter
either square or with a feather or groove. The shaft is held in guides in
a vertical framing one of which guides is shiftable and serves also to hold
the said spur wheel in such a manner that it can turn in the same.
gear with the spur wheel is a pinion capable of sliding upon but turning
with a vertical shaft also carried by the aforesaid framing, which pinion
is kept in gear with the spur wheel by projecting rims or flanges between
which the spur wheel fits. At the lower end of the pinion shaft is
provided any suitable gearing, such as a worm and worm wheel actuated
by means of crank handles, whereby the pinion is rotated. By such
rotation of the pinion the spur wheel is driven round and is thereby
made to turn the square shaft and with it the screw pile which is thus
driven into the ground. As the screw pilo descends the square shaft
attached thereto slides down through the spur wheel until the upper end
thereof arrives at the spur wheel when if the screw pile requires to be
still further driven the shiftable guide carrying the spur wheel is lowered
down the vertical framing (carrying with it the sliding pinion) until
it arrives at the socket again, in which position the guide is fixed and
tlic above-described operation is repeated. Upon the said socket is
formed or fixed a cross head the ends of which are attached to weights
on the platform of the framing by preference by means of the well-
known "Weston's" pulley tackle which is tightened as the pile descends
and thus a downward pressure is put on the pile to assist in the driving
of the same.
In another modification of the above arrangement the socket and
square shaft are dispensed with, and I fix the spur wheel with the cross
head directly to the end of the screw pile so that tho wheel and with
it the sliding pulley descend as the screw pile descends. The vertical
framing is by preference constructed with two uprights one on each sido
of the pile, fixed rigidly by means of stays to the platform so as to
obviate the necessity of employing guy ropes or chains.
On the accompanying Sheet of Drawings Figures 1 to 3 show the
first berein-before described arrangement of apparatus or machinery for
driving screw piles according to my Invention.
Figure 1 shows a front elevation (partly broken) of the apparatus ;
Figure 2 shows an end clevation of the same, and Figure 3 shews a part
plan. Similar letters of reference indicate similar parts in each of the
Figures

page_text: A is the screw pile, upon the upper end of which is keyed the socket B
carrying the shaft C. The upper end of this shaft is steadied by passing
through the guide D supported by transverse beams E from the two side
frames F, F. Upon the shaft is fitted the spur wheel G through the
boss of which the shaft can slide vertically, but tho shaft is mado to turn
with the wheel by being formed either with a feather or groove or of a
square section. The wheel G is carried by the transverse bearer H in
which it turns with the neck H³, the bearer being connected in a
detachable manner to the side frames F. In gear with the spur wheel
is a pinion I capable of sliding upon but turning with the shaft J carried
in brackets K, K', fixed to the side frame. The pinion I has projecting
rims, as shewn, fitting over the spur wheel so that as this descends it
carries the pinion with it. The shaft J has a worm wheel L fixed on its
lower end in gear with which is the worm M rotated by crank handles N.
From this arrangement it will be seen that by rotating the shaft J and
pinion I rotary motion is imparted through the spur wheel G to the
shaft C, and consequently to the screw pile A which is thus screwed into
the ground. When by the screwing in of the pile the shaft C has passed
down some distance through the spur wheel G, this is moved downwards
to the head of the pile again by unfastening the bearer H and fixing it in
a lower position to the side frames whereupon the screwing in of the pile
is again proceeded with. A cross head O is fixed on the shaft C, to the
ends of which are attached pulley tackles P, P, by preference Weston's
differential pulley blocks, which are secured at the lower ends to weights
on the platform Q or to the platform itself, so that by tightening such
tackle a downward pressure is put upon the pile as it descends. The
side frames F are fixed rigidly to the platform by means of stays F¹ and
bracings F so as to dispense with the use of guy ropes or chains.
Figure 4 shews a perspective view of the second before-described
arrangement of my improved apparatus. In this case the spur wheel G
is fixed to the top of the pile A itself and consequently descends with
the same, carrying with it the sliding pinion I on the shaft J actuated by
gearing L, M, as before described. The cross head O fits on to a pin on
the boss of the spur wheel G and is made to exert a downward pressure
upon the pile by the Weston's pulley tackle P as before. The framing F
is only on one side of the pile, in this case guides R being fixed thereto
between which the pile works so as to steady it and to keep the wheel G
in gear with the pinion I, the framing is steadied by guy ropes or chains

page_text: S, S, and also by a chain T passing from a windlass U over a pulley on
the bracket V at the top of the frame and attached to a driven pile A'
or other fixed object.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, what I claim is,―
First. Driving screw piles by means of a spur wheel upon a sliding
shaft attached to the pile, in gear with which spur wheel is a pinion
sliding upon a vertical shaft rotated at its lower end by suitable gearing
substantially as herein-before described.
Second. Driving screw piles by means of a spur wheel attached to 1
the upper end thereof in gear with which spur wheel is a pinion sliding
upon a vertical shaft rotated at its lower end by suitable gearing
substantially as herein-before described.
Third. The special arrangement and combination of parts constituting
machinery or apparatus for driving screw piles herein-before described 1
with reference to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Martyn Kennard, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of August, in tho
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.
H. MARTYN KENNARD. (L.S.)