Improvements in Abrading Machines.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 30th May, 1896
Complete Specification Left, 14th July, 1896-Accepted, 15th Aug., 1896
Date of Application, 30th May, 1896
Complete Specification Left, 14th July, 1896-Accepted, 15th Aug., 1896
Improvements in Abrading Machines.
A communication from ALBERT RICHARD PRITCHARD, of 421 Lake Avenue,
in the City of Rochester, County of Monroe, State of New York, United
States of America, Manufacturer.
I, PHILIP MIDDLETON JUSTICE, of 55 and 56 Chancery Lane, London in the
County of Middlesex, Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to provide a universally adjustable work support
for machines for abrading or buffing; and said invention consists in the devices
hereinafter described. The invention is described as applied to the buffing of
sheet metal ware.
A buffing wheel is set upon a suitable shaft arranged in bearings and is driven
at a high rate of speed by any suitable mechanism for such a purpose, such as the
usual pulley upon the shaft and a belt to a line shaft.
This
A plate or primary table supports the device and is itself supported by a
suitable standard or other device in proper relation to the buffing, wheel, and
may be arranged on ways parallel to the shaft of the buffing wheel.
primary table is slotted transversely. Through the slot passes the stem of the
center pivot of a secondary rotary table, capable of rotation in a substantially
horizontal plane. This center pivot has a stem which passes downward underneath
the primary table and has upon its end a nut. In this nut runs a screw which
can turn in fixed bearings and may be rotated by a hand wheel whereby the
rotary table may be moved longitudinally in the line of the screw to adjust the
work in that direction with reference to the buffing wheel. The rotary table
has a curved slot drawn from the center as a radius. A bolt passes through
the curved slot and through the other transverse slot in the table with an
enlarged head underneath the primary table. A nut serves to clamp the rotary
table to the primary table and at different angles with reference to the buffing
heel, and, since the transverse slot is parallel to the screw, the rotary table
may be moved to and from the buffing wheel and at the same time may be
adjusted at different angles thereto, inasmuch as the bolt slides longitudinally
in its slot. From the rotary table there rises a main supporting bracket and
a second supporting bracket. These two brackets support a screw set in a
fixed plane preferably parallel to the plane of the rotary table. The screw is
provided with a hand-wheel or other means of turning the screw. Upon this
Ecrew runs a threaded collar, so that on turning the screw, the collar runs
backward and forward thereon. Upon the collar turns the member or disc, for
carrying the chuck support hereinafter mentioned, and which is held upon the
collar by means of a nut, provided with a set screw... Hence while the nut
moves upon the screw and carries with it the work disc, the disc may turn, in
a substantially. vertical plane, about the collar and independently thereof, and
is movable by the screw along the line of the axis of rotation of the disc. The
work support or disc has, about a suitable portion of its periphery, a series of gear
teeth. These gear teeth mesh into a pinion, which is splined upon a shaft parallel
to the screw, and is arranged in fixed bearings in the supporting brackets. The
pinion has side flanges which extend on each side of the teeth, whereby, whenever

page_text: the disc is moved by turning the screw, the pinion, by reason of the flanges, will
follow the position of the disc. Upon the end of the shaft is a handle provided
with a locking lever. The locking lever has a pin which engages a series of holes
in a disc stationary upon the second supporting bracket. Thus when the handle
is turned, the shaft is also turned, thereby turning the pinion splined to said shaft
and thereby also turning the work disc to adjust the vertical angle of the work
with reference to the buffing wheel, and is locked in any position in which it may
be set.
Upon the work support or disc, is carried the chuck support or rod in suitable
fixed bearings upon said disc, whereby the rod is movable in the line of the axis of
the chuck. The rod is splined, and a set screw in a bearing of the rod permits
its longitudinal movement in the bearings and prevents the same from turning. A
hand lever is pivoted to the dise and is also slotted at its end and pivoted to the
rod. On moving the lever, the rod is moved longitudinally in its bearings. Upon
the end of the rod is a cap or head having a socket to contain the end of the rod,
so that the head is capable of free revolution upon the rod. Suitable means, such as
a set screw, holds the head upon the end of the rod. Upon the end of the head is
fastened a chuck or form of suitable shape to support the sheet metal vessel which
is to be polished. The form is fastened to the head by suitable bolts, so as to be
removable from the head and changed for another form when a vessel of another
shape is to be polished. To the rod is also fastened a bracket extending around
opposite to the end of the axis of the head and form, and is there provided with
a clamping device such as a screw, which bears, upon the end nearest to the head,
a clamping disc, which last is fastened upon the end of the screw in such a manner
as to be capable of free revolution. When a vessel is upon the form, the clamping
disc may be clamped down to hold the vessel upon the form without interfering
with the free revolution of the vessel, the form and head, although upon clamping
the dise more tightly, the revolution of the form may be retarded, or may even be
held stationary in order to grind or polish a particular part of the vessel. Inter-
changeable discs may be provided for work of different shapes and to correspond
to the contour of the form. Hence the chuck support or rod is carried by the first
mentioned disc and rotary table, whereby said chuck support is adjustable with
reference to the abrading wheel by rotation in two intersecting planes at right
angles with each other, and is also movable by the screw along one of the axes of
rotation.
The buffing wheel is preferably made with a flexible edge so as to enter the
recesses of a vessel having an irregular surface, or to coaform itself to the vessel
which is to be polished.
Sheet metal vessels are made either by drawing, in which case the striations upon
the surface are parallel to the axis of the vessel on account of the direction in
which it is pressed through the dies; or these vessels are made by spinning, in
which case the striations are circumferential and at right angles to the grain of
vessels produced by drawing. By reason of its universal adjustability, the device
herein described, is adapted to hold the work at any angle with reference to the
buffing wheel in order to grind or polish along these striations or across them
at any angle. If, now, the work is placed upon the form, on adjusting the
rotary table to the proper angle by turning it and clamping the bolt or by
moving the table by means of the hand wheel and adjusting the angle as just
mentioned, the operator can then, according to the shape of the vessel to be
polished, turn the handle, thus raising or lowering the work until it is adjusted
in the right position, then move it directly toward the buffing wheel by turning
the hand wheel, whereupon, as soon as the buffing wheel begins to abrade the
vessel, the form and head revolve upon the shaft. In order to polish every
portion of the vessel, the lever is vibrated and thus the work is moved across the
edge of the buffing wheel, bringing every portion of its surface in contact
therewith. The clamping disc is clamped down to hold the work upon the head,
so that when the rod is drawn backward, there will be no possibility of pulling the

page_text: work off the form, although ordinarily the very high speed of the buffing wheel,
as compared with the slower speed of revolution of the work, will keep the work
upon the form. The speed of revolution of the head may be diminished and
adjusted to a nicety by clamping the disc to the proper degree. In order to polish
the bottom of a vessel, the bracket is swung out of the way, the rotary table is
turned upon its pivot and the primary table is moved with reference to the
buffing wheel until the proper position is reached, whereupon the hand wheel
turns the screw and brings the bottom of the work into contact with the
buffing wheel, the angle of contact being adjusted by turning the handle.
It is obvious that the head may be adapted to receive a chuck or other
holding device, whereby to grasp and hold articles of any form which are to be
polished, and also that the head, being capable of revolution as above mentioned,
may be arranged to be moved positively by hand or by a power device, in order
that the head shall revolve at any desired speed, either with or against the
motion of the abrading disc. And it is also obvious that this device may be
used in combination with a buffing or abrading wheel which is itself adjustable
with reference to the work, according to the form or character of the work that
is to be abraded.
This device provides means for universal adjustment of the work with reference
to the buffing wheel so that the various corners and edges, beads and other
irregularities of contour, may be presented to the buffing wheel at the proper
angle; it also provides means for moving the work across the buffing wheel
after having accurately adjusted the line in which it is desired that the same
shall move; and there is thus provided an efficient, easily adjusted device,
whereby a series of vessels may be ground or polished, and the rapidity of the
operations may be increased to several times that of hand work.
Dated this 30th day of May 1896.
PHILIP M. JUSTICE.
A communication from ALBERT RICHARD PRITCHARD, of 421 Lake Avenue, in
the City of Rochester, County of Monroe, State of New York, United States
of America, Manufacturer.
I, PHILIP MIDDLETON JUSTICE, of 55 and 56 Chancery Lane, London; in the
County of Middlesex, Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in abrading machines hereinafter set
forth, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which :-
Fig. 1 is a top plan view of my device;
Fig. 2 is a front elevation thereof;
Fig. 3 is an end elevation thereof;
Fig. 4 is a cross section on the line 4-4 of Fig. 3; aud
Fig. 5 is a cross section on the line 5-5 of Fig. 2.
The object of this invention is to provide a universally adjustable work support.
for machines for abrading or buffing; and said invention consists in the devices
hereinafter described and claimed. The invention is shown as applied to the
buffing of sheet metal ware.
In the drawings A is an abrading or buffing wheel of any suitable character;
the same being shown in dotted lines in the respective figures. The buffing wheel
is set upon a suitable shaft arranged in bearings and is driven at a high rate of

page_text: speed by any suitable mechanism for such a purpose, such as the usual pulley upon
the shaft and a belt to a line shaft.
A plate or primary table B supports the device and is itself supported by a
suitable standard or other device in proper relation to the buffing wheel A, and.
may be arranged on ways parallel to the shaft of the baffing wheel. This primary
table B is slotted transversely, as at b, and 6'. Through the slot b passes the stem
of the center pivote of a secondary rotary table C, capable of rotation in a
substantially horizontal plane. This center pivot has a
which passes
downward underneath the primary table B and has upon its end a nut c¹, (see
Fig. 3). In this nut runs a screw C₁ which can turn in fixed bearings c² c³ and
may be rotated by a hand wheel C whereby the rotary table C may be moved
longitudinally in the line of the screw C¹ to adjust the work in that direction with
reference to the buffing wheel. The rotary table C has a curved slot C³ drawn
from the center of the table C, as a radius. A bolt C passes through the curved
slot C and through the other transverse slot in the table, with an enlarged head
underneath the primary table B. A nut C serves to clamp the rotary table C to
the primary table B and at different angles with reference to the buffing wheel A,
and, since the transverse slot & is parallel to the screw C, the rotary table C may
be moved to and from the buffing wheel and at the same time may be adjusted at
different angles thereto, inasmuch as the bolt C slides longitudinally in the slot b¹.
From the rotary table C. there rises a main supporting bracket D and a second
supporting bracket D'. These two brackets support a screw E set in a fixed plane
preferably parallel to the plane of the rotary table C. The screw is provided with
a hand-wheel E' or other means of turning the screw. Upon this screw runs a
threaded collar F (see Fig. 4), so that on turning the screw E, the collar F runs
backward and forward thereon. Upon the collar F turns the member or disc G,
for carrying the chuck support hereinafter mentioned, and which is held upon the
collar by means of the nut f, provided with the set screw f. Hence while the
nut F moves upon the screw E and carries with it the work disc G, the disc may
turn, in a substantially vertical plane, about the collar F and independently thereof,
and is movable by the screw E along the line of the axis of rotation of the disc G.
The work support or disc G has, about a suitable portion of its periphery, a series
of gear teeth g. These gear teeth mesh into a pinion G', which is splined upon a
shaft G parallel to the screw E, and is arranged in fixed bearings g' in the
supporting brackets D D'. The pinion G¹ has side flanges g which extend ou
each side of the teeth g, whereby, whenever the dise G is moved by turning the
screw E, the pinion G, by reason of the flanges g, will follow the position of the
dise G. Upon the end of the shaft G is a handle G provided with a locking
lever g. The locking lever has a pin g which engages a series of holes g' in a
dise stationary upon the second supporting bracket D'. Thus when the
handle G is turned, the shaft G is also turned, thereby turning the pinion G
splined to said shaft and thereby also turning the work disc G to adjust the vertical
angle of the work with reference to the buffing wheel A, and is locked in any
position in which it may be set.
Upon the work support or disc G, is carried the chuck support or rod H in
suitable fixed bearings H1 H2 upon said disc G, whereby the rud is movable in
the line of the axis of the chuck. The rod H is splined, as at h, and a set screw /
in a bearing of the rod permits its longitudinal movement in the bearings and
prevents the same from turning. A band lever H is pivoted, as at A, to the
dise G and is also slotted at its end and pivoted to the rod H, as at 3. On moving
the lever li, the rod H is moved longitudinally in its bearings. Upon the end of
the rod H is a cap or head H having a socket to contain the end of the rod, so
that the head His capable of free revolution repon the rod. Suitable means, such
as a set screw h, holds the head upon the end of the rod. Upon the end of the
head His fastened a chuck or form H of suitable shape to support the shee
metal vessel which is to be polished. The form H is fastened to the head H by
suitable bolts, so as to be removable from the head and changed for another form

page_text: when a vessel of another shape is to be polished. To the rod H is also fastened a
bracket H extending around opposite to the end of the axis of the head H* and
form H, and is there provided with a clamping device such as the screw h, which
bears, upon the end nearest to the head H, the clamping disc h³, which last is
fastened upon the end of the screw in such a manner as to be capable of free
revolution. When a vessel is upon the form H, the clamping disc h may be
clamped down to hold the vessel upon the form without interfering with the free
revolution of the vessel, the form 'H' and head H', although upon clamping the
disc more tightly, the revolution of the form H may be retarded, or may even
be held stationary in order to grind or polish a particular part of the vessel.
Interchangeable discs h may be provided for work of different shapes and to
correspond to the contour of the form H. Hence the chuck support or rod H is
carried by the first mentioned disc G and rotary table C, whereby said chuck
support is adjustable with reference to the abrading wheel A, by rotation in two
intersecting planes at right angles with each other, and is also movable by the
screw E along one of the axes of rotation.
As shown in the drawings, the buffing wheel A is preferably made with a flexible
edge so as to enter the recesses of a vessel having an irregular surface, or to conform
itself to the vessel which is to be polished.
Sheet metal vessels are made either by drawing, in which case the striations
upon the surface are parallel to the axis of the vessel on account of the direction
in which it is pressed through the dies; or these vessels are made by spinning, in
which case the striations are circumferential and at right angles to the grain of
vessels produced by drawing. By reason of its universal adjustability, the device
herein described is adapted to hold the work at any angle with reference to the
buffing wheel in order to grind or polish along these striations or across them at
any angle, as shown clearly in Fig. 2. If, now, the work is placed upon the
form H, on adjusting the rotary table C to the proper angle by turning it and
clamping the bolt C or by moving the table by means of the hand wheel C³ and
adjusting the angle as just mentioned, the operator can then, according to the shape
of the vessel to be polished, turn the handle G³, thus raising or lowering the work
until it is adjusted in the right position, then move it directly toward the buffing
wheel A by turning the hand wheel E', whereupon, as soon as the buffing wheel
begins to abrade the vessel, the form H³ and head H revolve upon the shaft H.
In order to polish every portion of the vessel, the lever H3 is vibrated and thus the
work is moved across the edge of the buffing wheel, bringing every portion of its
surface in contact therewith. The clamping disc h is clamped down to hold the
work upon the head, so that when the rod H is drawn backward, there will be no
possibility of pulling the work off the form, although ordinarily the very high
speed of the buffing wheel, as compared with the slower speed of revolution of the
work, will keep the work upon the form. The speed of revolution of the head H
may be diminished and adjusted to a nicety by clamping the disc to the proper
degree. In order to polish the bottom of a vessel, the bracket He is swung out of
the way, the rotary table C is turned upon its pivot and the primary table B is
moved with reference to the buffing wheel A until the proper position is reached,
whereupon the hand wheel C³ turns the screw C and brings the bottom of the
work into contact with the buffing wheel, the angle of contact being adjusted by
turning the handle G³.
It is obvious that the head H may be adapted to receive a chuck or other
holding device, whereby to grasp and hold articles of any form which are to be
polished, and also that the head H, being capable of revolution as above
mentioned, may be arranged to be moved positively by hand or by a power device,
in order that the head shall revolve at any desired speed, either with or against
the motion of the abrading disc. And it is also obvious that this device may be
used in combination with a buffing or abrading wheel which is itself adjustable
with reference to the work, according to the form or character of the work that is
to be abraded.

page_text: This device provides means for, universal adjustment of the work with reference
to the buffing wheel so that the various corners and edges, beads and other
irregularities of contour, may be presented to the buffing wheel at the proper
angle; it also provides means for moving the work across the buffing wheel after
having accurately adjusted the line in which it is desired that the same shall move;
and there is thus provided an efficient, easily adjusted device, whereby a series of
vessels may be ground or polished, and the rapidity of the operations may be
increased to several times that of hand work.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what 1
claim is :-
1. The combination in an abrading machine, with an abrading wheel, of a chuck,
a chuck-support, devices for moving said chuck support along the line of the axis
of the chuck, and supporting devices for said chuck support adjustable with
reference to the abrading wheel by rotation in two intersecting planes at suitable
angles with each other and also movable along one of the axes of rotation.
2. The combination in an abrading machine, with an abrading wheel, of a chuck,
a longitudinally movable rod bearing said chuck, and supporting devices for said
rod adjustable with reference to the abrading wheel by rotation in two intersecting
planes at right angles with each other and also movable along one of the axes of
rotation.
3. The combination in an abrading machine, with an abrading wheel, of a chuck,
a longitudinally movable rod bearing said chuck, a support for said rod consisting
of a disc adjustable by rotation to turn said rod in a substantially vertical plane
and provided with means, as a screw, for moving said disc along the line of the
axis of its rotation, a frame supporting said disc and capable of adjustment in a
substantially horizontal plane, whereby the said rod bearing said chuck is capable
of adjustment with reference to the abrading wheel, by rotation in two intersecting
planes at right angles with each other and is movable along one of said axes of
rotation.
4. The combination in an abrading machine, with an abrading wheel, of a chuck
support, a chuck mounted upon said support and capable of free revolution thereon,
means for moving said chuck support along the line of the axis of the chuck, a
disc having bearings wherein said chuck support moves in the manner aforesaid
and capable of rotation in a substantially vertical plane, a screw engaging and
moving said disc in the line of its axis of rotation, means for rotating said disc and
fixing the same in different positions, whereby the vertical angular position of said
chuck may be adjusted with reference to the abrading wheel, and the disc is
adjustable along the line of its axis, a supporting frame having fixed bearings for
said screw and capable of rotation in a substantially horizontal plane, and other
means for moving said supporting frame in one or more right lines.
5. The combination in an abrading machine, with an abrading wheel, of a chuck
support, a chuck mounted upon said support and capable of free revolution thereon,
means for moving said chuck support along the line of the axis of the chuck, a
clamping device attached to said chuck support and adapted to clamp against said
chuck to hold the work thereupon, a disc having bearings wherein said chuck
support moves in the manner aforesaid and capable of rotation in a substantially
vertical plane, a screw engaging and moving said disc in the line of its axis of
rotation, means for rotating said disc and fixing the same in different positions,
whereby the vertical angular position of said chuck may be adjusted with reference
to the abrading wheel, and the disc is adjustable along the line of its axis, a
supporting frame having fixed bearings for said screw and capable of rotation in
a substantially horizontal plane, and other means for moving said supporting frame
in one or more right lines.
6. The combination in an abrading machine, with an abrading wheel, of a table C
movable in a right line, as by the screw E and nut C¹ and capable of revolution

page_text: about a center, as c, attached to the nut c', means of clamping the said table C in
different angular positions, a supporting frame upon said table, a screw, as E, in
fixed bearings in said supporting frame, a threaded collar F movable upon said
screw, a segment or disc G capable of revolution upon said collar, means for
turning said segment or disc G, as the shaft G2 and pinion G' splined upon sai
shaft, engaging teeth upon said segment or disc G, a handle, as G³, for operating
said shaft and means for setting said handle in various angular positions, a chuck
support or rod as H longitudinally movable in fixed bearings upon said segment
or disc G, a handle as H³, for moving said chuck support or rod, a head as H
capable of free revolution upon said chuck support or rod, a chuck as Hb-
removably attached to said head H and a clamping device as he attached to and
movable with said rod H for clamping the work upon said chuck, substantially as
described.
7. The combination in an abrading machine, with an abrading wheel, of a chuck,
a longitudinally movable rod bearing said chuck, a support for said rod consisting
of a member adjustable by rotation to turn said rod in a substantially vertical plane
and provided with means, as a screw, for moving said member along the line of the
axis of its rotation, a frame supporting said member and capable of adjustment in
a substantially horizontal plane, whereby the said rod bearing said chuck is capable
of adjustment with reference to the abrading wheel by rotation in two intersecting
planes at light angles with each other and is movable along one of said axes of
rotation.
8. The combination in an abrading machine, with an abrading wheel, of a chuck:
support, a chuck mounted upon said support, means for moving said chuck support.
along the line of the axis of the chuck, a clamping device attached to said chuck.
support and adapted to clamp against said chuck to hold the work thereon, a
rotating member having bearings wherein said chuck support moves in the manner
aforesaid and capable of rotation in a substantially vertical plane, a screw engaging
and moving said rotating member in the line of its axis of rotation, means for
rotating said member and fixing the same in different positions, whereby the
vertical angular position of said chuck may be adjusted with reference to the
abrading wheel, and the rotating member is adjustable along the line of its axis, a.
supporting frame having fixed bearings for said screw and capable of rotation in a
substantially horizontal plane, and other means for moving said supporting frame:
in one or more lines.
9. The improvements in abrading machines herein set forth.
PHILIP M. JUSTICE.