IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR DYEING OR STAINING ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES, ALSO SUITABLE FOR DRYING THE SAME, AND FOR BLEACHING PURPOSES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Rydill at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
February 1872.
I, GEORGE RYDILL, of Grove House, Dewsbury, in the County of
York, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR DYEING OR STAINING
ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES, ALSO SUITABLE FOR DRYING THE SAME,
AND FOR BLEACHING PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in machinery and apparatus for evenly
arranging and exposing piece goods, animal and vegetable substances
to the action of mordants and dye colouring or staining matters, and
avoiding the winceing of piece goods, also the working and opening out
of the piece goods by hand with sticks as they revolve over the wince
which are now fixed over dye vessels, preventing hawking of picce
goods and wool, and facilitating the process of dyeing piece goods,
by forming a hollow or solid shaft round which is a grooved thread
or spiral screw in the same way as a nut is made to rise or descend
on the screw thread of a bolt. At the bottom of this hollow or solid

page_text: _shaft are fixed two collars forming a neck betwixt the two; on this
neck I fix a large pierced wheel or plate made round, oval, or any
other shape, made of copper or any suitable material having a set
screw or pin working through the collar of this wheel or plate so
that it can be made stationary or allowed freely to work round. This
wheel or plate contains a number of pierced holes; through some of
the holes small hooks are placed attached to a spring placed on the
outer side of the wheel or plate. A second and similar wheel or plate
to the one fixed betwixt the two collars at the bottom of the hollow
or solid shaft works freely on the spiral thread or screw of the hollow
or solid shaft, so that it is easily adjusted to any required breadth or
length of piece goods or yarns." The two wheels or "plates are placed
apart from each other according to the breadth of the piece to be dyed,
or stained, bleached, or dried. Those wheels or plates are fixed in
an exact position one with the other, making them fast to the hollow
or solid shaft with set screws working through the collars of the wheels
or plates. Attached to a projecting collar on the inside of each wheel
or plate are two chains, which chain links have holes through, or a
projecting loop or staple is fixed in each link or chain; a groove also is
sunk on the side of each link of chain, and teeth or pegs stand up in
the grooved part. In order to charge this machinery with piece goods,
the hollow. or solid shaft ends rest on a frame in bearers or necks in a
horizontal position so that it is easily made to revolve while attaching
or unhooking piece goods. The shaft wheels or plates and the chains
are put in motion by hand or power. The spring or springs are pressed
on the back of the wheel or plate causing the hook or books to project,
which hook 'themselves into the holes in the chain links or through the
loops or staple projecting from the side of each link. The piece goods
or yarns are caught or pressed on to the projecting teeth and carried
round in a spiral form, the hooks keeping the chains and piece goods in
a firm position. The thickness of the chains forms divisions betwixt
the piece goods so that the dye liquid when boiling flows up and down
the numerous small passages formed by the coiling of the chain and
piece goods; the two wheels or plates are pierced with holes opposite
grooves formed in the chain links so that the dye liquid rises up or
passes down through the holes in the bottom wheel or plate betwixt
the divisions of the piece goods, and rises through the holes in the top
wheel or plate; and I prevent the piece goods from hanging loosely
such as one coil against the other, and obstructing the passages for the

page_text: circulation of the dye liquid, and preventing the dye liquid from acting
evenly on the piece goods by raising or screwing up the top wheel or
plate on the spiral groove or screw so that the piece goods are
stretched, allowing a free course for the dye liquid, bleaching liquid,
or air. And as the top wheel is made to ascend along the groove
or screw of the shaft, the wheel or plate fixed betwixt the two collars
at the bottom of the shaft forming a neck is turned round so that the
piece goods do not become twisted in stretching them; the set screws
are then tightened. The piece goods and machinery so stretched are
lifted by a crane and swung over a jacketed vessel and lowered down
into its centre; the end of the hollow or solid shaft rests in a kind of cup
or footstep, at the bottom of the vessel a piece of, wood or metal is fixed
across the centre of the dye vessel, having a neck in its centre for the
shaft to rest in, and part of a hinged neck passes round the shaft, and is
made fast to the cross piece to steady the shaft.
P.
A >
In case the piece goods require to be worked round while boiling
under pressure in the dye vessel, I fix a shaft working through a
stuffing box in the lid of the vessel. having a box end made to clasp
the shaft end in the interior of the vessel, or connected and turned
round by two interior workings of wheels, which shafts and piece goods
äre worked round by hand or power by a shaft placed on the lid. The
lid of this vessel is fastened down with screws, so that in boiling the
piece goods under pressure the mordant and dye liquid is forced into
the interior of the piece goods, shortening the process of dyeing; or I
dye or stain piece goods, animal and vegetable substances, with this
machinery or apparatus in an open vessel by turning round the piece
goods, animal and vegetable substances; by a shaft working in con-
nection with the hollow or solid shaft supporting the piece goods
placed in the centre of the vessel. The hollow or solid shaft rests in a
cup or footstep at the bottom of the vessel connected to a shaft
working through the bottom of the vessel, having a stuffing box and
revolved by power, or a shaft is connected to the hollow or solid shaft
working inside the vessel across the bottom, motion to this shaft being
given by a chain or an upright shaft with bevel or friction wheels
working up the side of the vessel, receiving its motion from the top
of the vessel, turning round the hollow or solid shaft and piece goods.
Animal and vegetable substances such as wool, rags, and hair, I place
on pierced wheels or plates adjusted to receive any required thickness of

page_text: .
material on the groove or screw of the hollow or solid shaft, or I place a
.wheel with projecting arms working on the spiral groove or screw of the
hollow or solid shaft; each projecting arm has a sunk or projecting
dovetail to which is fixed a kind of link containing teeth, so that in
winding on the piece goods they are supported by the projecting arms
and teeth fixed in the grooved side of the link. Those links containing
teeth are placed one over another so that divisions are formed betwixt
the piece goods. Working at the bottom of each dovetailed arm is a
screw to tighten up the piece goods fastened on to each link.
In dyeing rags or woollen substances which cannot be suspended,
I form the two pierced wheels or plates into ends of a revolving
cylinder by placing wood, copper, or iron bars stretched across any
required distance from one pierced wheel or plate to the other, and
covering over the bars which are placed round the periphery of the
pierced wheel or plates with network, wire or sheet copper, or iron 1
plates, forming the same into a cylindrical vessel with a door in its
centre for the introduction of material. The axis of each pierced wheel
or plate rests in bearers in the dye vessel so that it is made to revolve
in the dye liquid by placing on the axis at the end of the pierced
wheel or plate an oblique vaned wheel. The steam to boil the dye 2
liquid is conveyed by a pipe so that it acts first against the oblique.
vaned wheel causing the cylinder to revolve, whereby the material to be
dyed is turned over so that the dye acts evenly.