Improvements in Steam Turbines.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Oct., 1898-Accepted, 21st Jan., 1899
Paris in the French Republic, Engineer.]
Improvements in Steam Turbines.
I, WILLIAM GEORGE HEYS, of 70, Market Street, Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement; —
This invention relates to an improved steam turbine, the characteristic features
of which are, a vertical axis of rotation, and the arrangement of the rotary part
exteriorly to the fixed part through which the steam is supplied.
I will describe the said invention, as communicated to me by my foreign
correspondent, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:-
Figures 1 and 2 shew, in vertical section and plan respectively, a simple form
of the improved turbine as applied in driving a dynamo, and Figures 3 and 4, a
vertical section and half plan of a similar turbine constructed for triple expansion.
It will be understood that although the improved turbine is hereinafter described
as constructed for single and triple expansion respectively, this invention is not
limited to these examples and extends to and includes any practical multiple
expansion whatever.
In the turbine represented by Figures 1 and 2, the steam enters by the central
opening T, into the fixed cylindrical chamber F, whence it issues by the con-
veniently arranged directive ports D. In issuing from these ports, it impinges
upon the buckets or vanes M of the drum R, which is capable of rotating upon the
fixed drum F. As shewn by the figures, the rotary drum is centred by the bush d,
upon the boss G, of the drum F, and is carried and guided by the two ball bear-
ings A B, but it will be evident that other equivalent devices may be employed.
The steam, after having parted with its energy, escapes into the casing H, which
is supported by the framing PC. From the casing, the spent steam is conducted
to the atmosphere or elsewhere, by the exhaust pipe S. A packed stuffing box
and gland E, prevent leakage of the exhaust steam around the vertical shaft.
The turbine is represented as driving a dynamo, the armature of which is
supposed to be secured upon the shaft and to be represented at I. It may, of
course, be utilised for other purposes, and the power may be transmitted from the
shaft by means of a toothed wheel or a pulley keyed thereon.
In the triple expansion turbine represented by Figures 3 and 4, the steam also
arrives through the opening T and operates the first or high pressure turbine D,
whence it issues under reduced pressure, into the first exhaust chamber R¹, whence
it passes, as indicated by the arrow, through the openings O₁₁, into the second
turbine D. These openings are pierced through the walls of both the fixed and
the rotary drums, so that the steam can freely enter without being wire-drawn or
sensibly losing further pressure. The second expansion takes place in the inter-
mediate turbine D. From the intermediate turbine the steam passes to the

page_text: second exhaust chamber and thence, through the openings O2 O,, to the third
turbine D3, as again indicated by the arrow. From the low pressure turbine, the
steam finally escapes through the exhaust chamber R¹ and the pipe S, through
which it is led to the atmosphere or a condenser.
The three rotary parts of the turbine constitute a single rotary part, and the
joints between the separate exhaust chambers R'R', may be made good by means
of the grooves NN, or by packing.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is:-
1. A steam turbine constructed arranged and operating substantially as herein-
before described and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
2. A steam turbine formed of three cylindrical and concentric parts whereof the
fixed inner part receives the steam, the rotary intermediate part carries the vanes
or buckets and is mounted upon a transmitting shaft, and the fixed outer part
forms an exhaust chamber, constructed arranged and operating substantially as
hereinbefore described and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
W. E. HEYS & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.
W. E. HEYS & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.