IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Haselwood Carmont, of the Cyclops Iron Com-
pany, Openshaw, near Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Iron Manu-
facturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON
AND STEEL."
Sealed the 1st February 1878, and dated the 8th November 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Haselwood
Carmont at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th November
1877.
WILLIAM HASELWOOD CARMONT, of the Cyclops Iron Company, Openshaw, near
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Iron Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL."
My Invention consists in piling steel scrap' and combining therewith steel or iron
turnings; the pile is then put into a furnace and heated in the same manner as a
common wrought scrap iron pile. During the heating of the pile of steel scrap a
portion of the steel or iron turnings becomes oxidised and runs through the mass,
thereby causing a flux that welds the steel scrap together; the action of this flux
partially decarbonises the steel scrap. The bloom or slab thus produced can be
rolled or forged to any shape, or any number of slabs thus produced can be piled
together to form heavy forgings which possess the strength and polish of steel with
the ductibility of iron.
By varying the proportion of the steel or iron turnings to the steel scrap I pro-
duce either iron or steel of a mild quality.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Haselwood Carmont in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 3rd May 1878.
WILLIAM HASELWOOD CARMONT, of the Cyclops Iron Company, Openshaw, near
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Iron Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL."
The nature of my Invention consists in an improved mode of manufacturing iron
and steel, or a compound metal possessing the properties of iron and steel by com-
bining steel or iron scrap with steel or iron turnings, whereby I obtain iron or steel
of great strength and ductility, and with very little waste.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood, and readily carried into
operation, I will proceed to describe the modes pursued by me.
The mode of operation is as follows:-Steel scrap is piled in the ordinary manner,
and steel or iron turnings are combined therewith; the pile. is then put into a furnace
and heated in the same manner as a common wrought scrap iron pile. During the
heating of the pile of steel scrap a portion of the steel or iron turnings becomes
oxidised and runs through the mass, thereby causing a flux that welds the steel scrap
together; the action of this flux partially decarbonises the steel scrap. The bloom or
slab thus produced can then be rolled or forged to any shape, or any number of
slabs thus produced can be piled together to form heavy forgings which possess the
strength and polish of steel with the ductility of iron.
My Invention may be modified by piling steel scrap with wrought-iron scrap
and combining therewith steel or iron turnings in the manner above described.
By varying the proportions of the steel or iron turnings to the steel or wrought-
iron scrap I can produce either iron or steel of a mild quality.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, and described the manner of
performing the same, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit myself to the
details given, and that I claim, manufacturing iron and steel, or a compound metal
possessing the properties of iron and steel by piling wrought-iron or steel scrap, or
a combination of wrought-iron and steel scrap, and welding the parts together by a
flux as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Haselwood Carmont, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this First day of May, One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-eight.
W. H. CARMONT. (L.S.)