IMPROVEMENTS IN CHUCKS FOR HOLDING TOOLS IN LATHES AND OTHER LIKE MACHINES
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine,
Lake, & Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHUCKS FOR HOLDING TOOLS IN
LATHES AND OTHER LIKE MACHINES."-A communication from abroad
by Frank Armstrong, of Bridgeport, Connecticut, United States of
America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robert Lake
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 19th August 1874.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co.,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHUCKS FOR HOLDING
TOOLS IN LATHES AND OTHER LIKE MACHINES," a communication, to be as
follows:-

page_text: jaws which are formed with recesses for taking a bearing on corre-
sponding shoulders in the front shell, whereby they are held in place
against any longitudinal thrust. The said jaws extend rearward flush
with the face of the hub of the said front shell, and rest against the face
of a central bevel gear wheel. The front shell has steps or shoulders
which form the hub, and at the same time adapt the said front shell to
fit properly to the rear shell. The purpose of this hub is to hold the
aforesaid jaws more firmly, and at the same time prevent the ingress of
chips, dust, or other matter to the bevel driving gear wheel and pinions
and the consequent interference with their proper working. Suitable
recesses are formed in the front shell for the introduction of the said
pinions and a bushing nut; the latter has on its circumference a malo
screw thread moving in a corresponding female thread in the front shell.
The said pinions are formed with a hollow shank fitting closely but
loosely in the bushing, and suitably squared to receive a wrench whereby
the said pinions may be turned. A washer or friction plate formed with
extensions or ears is located within each recess in the front shell, and is
covered by the face of the rear shell when the same is in its proper
relation to the front shell, so that the said washer will be held against
turning. The same being located on the shank of the pinion and
between the back of the said pinion and the bushing, it takes the
friction of the pinion from the bushing, and thus keeps the latter from
being by such friction run back and thereby disarranging the adjust-

page_text: "hard up" against the ring it so tightly clamps the said gear wheel to
the rear shell that the chuck may be reversed to withdraw the tool,
holding it without affecting the pinions or loosening the grasp of the
jaws.
The said chuck has a taper shank which is fitted to the spindle of the
lathe; the front shell and rear shell are secured to each other in their
proper relative positions by screws or screw bolts.
When the parts are secured together the rear ends of the jaws rest
against and are braced by the front face of the said bevel gear wheel
longitudinally, and they are otherwise firmly held within the front shell,
the rear ends of the jaws and the hub lic in the same plane, and the
whole face of the driving gear wheel is covered by them jointly, so that
no chips, dust, or other matter can reach the cogs or teeth. When
provided with the aforesaid bushing the pinions may by the use of a
suitable implement "be set up" to compensate for any wear by
friction, whereby any one or more of the jaws may be independently
adjusted.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Robert Lake in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 19th February 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said William Robert Lake, Her
special licence that I, the said William Robert Lake, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William
Robert Lake, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great

page_text: 93
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHUCKS FOR HOLDING TOOLS IN LATHES AND OTHER
LIKE MACHINES,' a communication to me from abroad by Frank
Armstrong, of Bridgeport, Connecticut, United States of America,
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Robert
Lakc, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Robert Lake, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawing forming a part of this Specification:-
My said Invention relates to chucks for holding drills and other tools
or instruments in lathes, and other machines for boring or perforating
metals and for other like purposes. The said chucks have a front shell
and rear shell in which are fitted clamping jaws and their adjusting
devices as herein-after described.

page_text: |ward to and rest against the face of the central bevel gear wheel E, as
seen in Figure 1. The front shell A has a projection or hub D which is
accurately fitted to the rear shell B at the part 2. The purpose of this
bub is to hold the jaws firmly and at the same time prevent the access
to the interior of the chuck of chips, dust, or other matter which would
interfere with the proper working of the same. Suitable recesses are
formed in the shell A to permit the introduction of the pinions a and
bushing nuts b. These bushing nuts have cut on them a male thread
fitted in a corresponding female thread in the shell A as clearly seen in
Figure 1.
The pinions a are formed with a hollow shank & fitting closely, but
with capability of free rotation in the bushes b. Their outer ends are
squared to receive a key or wrench whereby the pinions may be turned
to adjust the jaws; e, e, are washers or friction plates which have
extensions or ears located within the recesses e' in the shell B when the
two shells are properly fitted together, so that the washers will be kept
from turning, and being located on the shanks d of the pinions a and
between the back of the said pinions and the bushes b, these washers
take the friction of the pinions from the bushes, and thus prevent the
turning backward of the latter by such friction after the adjustment of
the jaws. The pinions a are formed with a female thread fitted to the
thread of the screws c, and through these screws the rotation of the
pinions a will cause the jaws C to approach or recede from the centre of
the chuck.
The pinions a are held in position between the washers e and square
faces D' on the hub D. The rear shell B is cut to correspond with the
shell A to embrace the bushes 6 properly, and is also suitably cut away
to receive the bevel driving gear wheel E. The hollow shank or stem F
of this gear wheel E extends centrally through the rear shell, being
bored slightly taper to receive the taper end of the spindle I of a lathe
or other machine. The rear end of this stem or shank F is fitted with a
screw, ring, or nut G, and an intermediate ring or washer H to hold the
main gear wheel securely in its proper position. When this nut G is
turned "hard up" against the ring H it so tightly clamps the gear
wheel E to the rear shell, that the chuck may be reversed to withdraw
a boring tool without affecting the pinions a or loosening the grasp of
the jaws C.

page_text: The front shell A. and rear shell B are secured to each other in their
proper relative positions by screws K passing through plain holes in the
front shell into threaded holes in the rear shell B, or by other suitable
means.
It will be seen by reference to Figure 1 that when the parts of the
chuck are properly secured together, the inner ends of the jaws C rest
against and are braced by the front face of the bevel gear wheel E
longitudinally, and that they are otherwise firmly held within the shell
A; it will also be seen that the inner ends of the jaws C and the hub D
lie in the same plane, and that the whole face of the driving gear wheel
E is covered by them, so that no chips or other matter can reach the
teeth and interfere with their operation.
It will also be observed that the bushings b afford the means whereby
the pinions may by the use of a proper tool be "set up " to compensate
for any wear by friction, and any one of the jaws C may be inde.
pendently adjusted.
When the lathe spindle I is turned in either direction the bevel gear
wheel E rotates with it; as this wheel is geared with all of the pinions a,
and the said pinions cannot change their positions in the chuck, it is
obvious that by holding the chuck and turning the lathe in the proper
direction the screw thread within the pinions acting on the screws of the
jaws must force the said jaws towards the centre of the chuck, the jaws
will be thereby adjusted accurately to grasp the tool or a piece of metal
to be turned or bored, and the continued rotation of the chuck will tend
to tighten it upon the said tool or piece which has by the same operation
been perfectly "centred." The reverse movement of the lathe spindle
will obviously separate the jaws and release the tool, except when the
nut G is held fast as above described, in which case the tool or piece
may be removed without loosening the jaws.
Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondent and the manner of performing the same
I wish it understood that I claim,-
First. In combination with the jaws and their screws, the nuts and
pinions, as herein set forth and for the purpose specified.
Second. The combination of a pinion, a screw, bushing, and a washer,
as herein set forth and for the purpose specified.

page_text: Third. In combination with the rear shell and central driving gear
wheel, the ring and nut at the back of the chuck, as herein set forth and
for the purpose specified.
Fourth. The hub on the front shell adapted to the face of the said
gear wheel in combination with the jaws arranged as described,
whereby the ingress of chips and other matter is prevented, as above
set forth.
Fifth. In combination with the two shells and the pinions, the central
gear wheel constructed as described and adapted to receive the spindle
of a lathe, for the purpose specified.
Sixth. In a chuck for a lathe or other machine, the combination of
the two shells, the bushings, and the pinions, whereby the jaws of the
chuck may be independently adjusted, as herein set forth and for the
purposes specified.
Seventh. In a chuck for a lathe or other machine, the combination of
two shells with the central driving wheel, the pinions, the bushes, the
jaws and their screws, and with the nut and washer at the back of the
rear chuck constructed, combined, and operating, as herein set forth and
for the purposes specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of February,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.
5 Witness,
JA. EDWARDS,
8, Southampton Buildings,
London.
W. ROBT. LAKE. (L.S.)