Improvements in the Manufacture of Cartridge Wads.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Jan., 1892-Accepted, 27th Feb., 1892
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Cartridge Wads.
I WLADYSLAW KRÝNSKI of 5 Ordynacka, Warsaw, Province of Poland,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
Cartridge wads heretofore used have the defect that, even when made of rubber,
they do not become pressed tightly against the inner walls of the barrel, but leave
interstices through which part of the powder gases escape without exerting any
propelling effect on the projectile.
This invention relates to wads whereby the said defect is avoided since they are
made of a perfectly elastic material which retains its yielding properties even after
protracted storage, so that on firing, the pressure of the gases evolved by the powder
on the one hand and the atmospheric resistance on the other, cause these wads to
become compressed in the direction of their thickness until their edges become
tightly pressed against the inner walls of the barrel. By the use of such wads the
projective force of the gases evolved by a given quantity of powder will be
considerably enhanced and the divergence or spreading in cases where a great
number of projectiles are fired at the same time, as in the case of small shot, will
be lessened. A further advantage is secured in that, at every discharge, the wad
completely frees the barrel from the fouling left behind by the preceding discharge;
these residues are therefore prevented from accumulating and conglomerating, so
that the barrel may always be easily cleaned, even several days after use.
The manufacture of these improved wads, especially on a large scale, being
comparatively cheap, they are very well adapted to replace those hitherto in use.
The materials employed for making these wads are:-waste cork, linseed oil,
litharge and castor oil, the operation being carried out in the following manner :-
Linseed oil to which about 4 per cent. of litharge has been added, is boiled until
it acquires a syrupy consistency and is then left to repose for some time; afterwards
260 to 300 parts by weight of the mass thus obtained are heated to from 25° to 30° C.
and whilst stirring it without interruption 100 parts by weight of fine powdered
cork and finally about 5 parts by weight of castor oil are added to it.
The mass
having become thoroughly homogeneous in consequence of the continued stirring,
it is pressed into moulds under a pressure of from 5 to 20 atmospheres, according
to the desired thickness of the wads, with the purpose of removing the excess of
the grease and of producing wads having the required form of cylinders flattened
to discs.
Wads manufactured by this process are at the same time tough and yielding,
without being sticky the castor oil therein contained prevents them from becoming
brittle and from losing their elastic properties, even after protracted storage.
:
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is.
1. A process for manufacturing cartridge-wads, said process consisting in pressing
a mixture (in substantially the herein before stated proportions) of linseed oil boiled
with addition of litharge until it has attained a syrupy consistency, of powdered
cork and of castor-oil, substantially as and for the purpose described.
2. As a new article of manufacture, cartridge wads manufactured by pressing a
mixture (in substantially the hereinbefore stated proportions) of linseed oil boiled

page_text: with addition of litharge until it has a syrupy consistency, of powdered cork and of
castor-oil, substantially as and for the purpose described.
Dated this 23rd day of January 1892.
WLADISLAW KRYNSKI.
By A. M. & Wm. Clark,
53, Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agents.