Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 24th June, 1899
Complete Specification Left, 22nd Mar., 1900-Accepted, 28th Apr., 1900
I, EDWARD WRIGHT, F.I.A.S., of 32, Whitegate Road, Southend-on-Sea, in the
County of Essex, Architect, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
My invention relates to an improved manufacture of artificial fuel which chiefly
consists of the following ingredients, videlicet,-
Chalk (which is the predominating material).
Coal (either bituminous or anthracite) coke or breeze, or peat or other vegetable
matter.
Tar or petroleum.
In carrying out my invention I first grind or crush the solid constituents to a
suitable gauge say, for example so that it will pass through a sieve having 64
meshes to the inch and then introduce it into a pug or mixing mill where suffi-
cient water is added to bring the mass to a stiff plastic condition. This plastic
mass is then moulded under hydraulic or other mechanical pressure into blocks of
the required size and shape, the said blocks being perforated and provided with
Gorrugated edges and surfaces or otherwise suitable formed so as to allow the air
to pass readily through and around them during combustion. The blocks having
been thus moulded are thoroughly dried.
The tar or petroleum which I use is for the purpose of protecting the blocks
from atmospheric influences and this may be added to the plastic mass in the
mixing mill or applied in the pressing process in the proportion of say two gallons
to the ton or it may be sprayed upon the blocks after they have dried.
The proportions of the several solid materials which I make use of will largely
depend upon the quality of the coal, coke, breeze, peat or the like used, upon the
quality of fuel required and upon whether it is to be used under forced or natural
draught. In practice, however, I have found the following proportions to give
good results, namely,―

page_text: It is to be understood that the coal, coke, breeze or peat or other vegetable
matter can be used either together or separately.
My improved fuel burns very freely, gives intense heat, leaves a very small
percentage of waste and is very clean, and I propose to call it "Pyrrholithe."
Dated this 24th day of June 1899
Improvements in the Manufacture of Artificial Fuel,
I, EDWARD WRIGHT, F.I.A.S., of 32, Whitegate Road, Southend-on-Sea, in the
County of Essex, Architect, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to an improved manufacture of artificial fuel which chiefly
consists of the following ingredients, videlicet:
Chalk (which is the predominating material).
Coal (either bituminous or anthracite) coke, breeze or ashes or peat or other
vegetable matter.
Tar, pitch or petroleum.
In carrying out my invention I advantageously first grind or crush the chalk
and work it into a stiff paste with water in a mixing mill. The coal, coke, breeze
or ashes is then dry crushed and reduced to a suitable gauge say, for example, so
that it will pass through a sieve having 64 meshes to the inch, and a small pro-
portion of peat or sawdust is added. The chalk and the coal or the like prepared
as above described are then introduced in suitable proportions into a pug or
mixing mill and the whole mass is thoroughly incorporated. This mixed plastic
mass is then moulded under hydraulic or other mechanical pressure into blocks
of the required size and shape, the said blocks being perforated and provided
with corrugated edges and surfaces or otherwise suitably formed so as to allow
the air to pass readily through and around them during combustion. The blocks
having been thus moulded are thoroughly dried.
The tar, pitch or petroleum which I use is for the purpose of protecting the
blocks from atmospheric influences and may be added to the plastic mass in the
mixing mill or applied in the pressing process or it may be sprayed upon the
blocks after they have dried.
The proportions of the several solid materials which I make use of will largely
depend upon the quality of the coal, coke, breeze, peat or the like used, upon the
quality of fuel required and upon whether it is to be used under forced or natural
draught. In practice, however, I have found the following proportions to give
good results, namely,-
Ta danti

page_text: For natural draught furnaces: -
Chalk -
L
Bituminous coal
Coke, breeze or ashes
Peat
-
-
about 40 parts.
35
"
"
15
"
"
17
"
"
3
"
"
Tar or petroleum
-
For forced draught for marine and other boilers-
Chalk -
Bituminous coal
-
Coke
about 37 parts.
Pitch
Petroleum or tar
-
-
33
"
دو
25
"
"
"
1 part.
"
4 parts.
It is to be understood that the coal, coke, breeze or peat or other vegetable
matter can be used either together or separately.
My improved fuel burns very freely, is smokeless, gives intense heat, leaves a
very small percentage of waste and is very clean, and I propose to fall it
Pyrrholithe."
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. The improved manufacture of artificial fuel, such manufacture consisting in
mixing crushed chalk with coal, coke, breeze, peat or other vegetable matter and
tar, pitch or petroleum to form a plastic mass which is moulded into blocks and
dried, substantially as hereinbefore described.
2. Artificial fuel manufactured from the described ingredients substantially in
the manner and in the proportions hereinbefore described.
Dated this 22nd day of March 1900
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.