IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM PUMPING OB AIR-COMPRESSING ENGINES AND MACHINERY.
Year: 1875

page_text: "
LETTERS PATENT to Martin Benson, of No. 9, Southampton Buildings,
London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM PUMPING OB
AIR-COMPRESSING ENGINES AND MACHINERY.' -A communication from
abroad by Ezra Cope and James Riley Maxwell, of Hamilton, Ohio,
United States of North America.
-
Sealed the 24th March 1876, and dated the 16th October 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Martin Benson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th October 1875.
I, MARTIN BENSON, of No. 9, Southampton Buildings, London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEAM PUMPING OR AIR-COMPRESSING ENGINES AND MACHINERY," a communi-
cation to me from abroad by Ezra Cope and James Riley Maxwell, of
Hamilton, Ohio, United States of North America, to be as follows:-
The first part or modification of my improvement relates to the means
of controlling the admission of steam or air to the cylinders of direct-
acting pumping engines or compound engines, so that at no time while
A

page_text: working more or less pressure of steam or air is admitted to the cylinder
or cylinders than is necessary to move the piston at the required speed
under varying loads usually incidental in working pumping machinery
for preventing the engine from racing, breaking, or injuring its parts.
The means for working the steam valvo also causes the piston of the
engine to stop sufficient at the termination of each stroke to give all
the valves of the pump time to seat, and gradually lift without pro-
ducing sufficient concussive action to injure the valves or any part of the
machinery beyond what is due to ordinary working.
The following is a description of the construction and working of the
valves according to the various modified forms without departing from
the principle of their action or the improvement.
In some cases the main steam valve is made cylindrical, and worked
through the medium of levers and rods by motion taken from the
piston of the engine, which first actuates a supplementary slide valve
for admitting steam to and from the valve chamber for working the
main valve longitudinally by the pressure of steam; the main valve in
this case is hollow, similar to that shown in my Patent, dated 15th
September 1868, No. 2831, and the steam is admitted to the interior of
it, and passes from thence through angular or helical ports made
through the shell of the valve into corresponding angular or helical
ports made in the valve seat leading into the cylinder.
The valve receives two motions, a longitudinal and oscillating or
twisting motion; the twisting motion is produced by a twisted or screw
bar, which is worked first in one direction and then in the opposite by
an arm attached to the piston rod provided with a slot to receive the
twisted bar; this bar extends into the main valve chamber, and is made
square at its end to fit a similar shaped recess in the end of the valve.
The twisting motion of the bar imparts a twisting or oscillating motion
to the valve. In the mean time the main valve has a longitudinal
motion produced by the pressure of steam as before stated. In order
to make this motion uniform a cataract cylinder is employed, the piston
of which is attached to the end of the main steam valve by means of a
piston rod.
The required motion of the steam valve is regulated by cocks or
valves for contracting or enlarging the opening for the flow of water
from end to end of the cataract cylinder as may be required.

page_text: With the two motions of the main steam valve before described the
main piston of the engine can be made to work at any desired uniform
speed in the following described manner :-
The twisting motion from the angular or helical shape of the ports in
the main valve and its seat have a tendency to cut off the admission of
steam, while the end motion of the valve imparted to it by the direct
action of steam serves to admit steam to the main cylinder; thus the
two motions being opposite each other, and the one having a cataract
velocity, while the other varys with the pressure, the result is a motion
of the main valve, which admits and cuts off the admission of steam
from the main cylinder, according to the amount of work to be per-
formed. Should the load be uniform the two motions will be equal,
and the same pressure of steam will be admitted during the entire
stroke.
Should the engine be suddenly relieved of part of its load the motion
of the main piston will be accelerated, but the acceleration will cause
the twisting motion of the main valve to exceed, or nearly so, the end
motion, and thereby cause the steam to be throttled or cut off entirely,
or arrest the piston while the end motion of the valve shall gain the
advance of the twisting motion, when the main piston will move at the
required speed to the end of its stroke; and should the load on
the engine be increased during the stroke the main piston's speed will be
retarded, and thereby cause the twisting motion of the valve to become
so slow that its end motion will at once open the steam ports for a full
supply of steam.
Another modification of this portion of my improvement consists in
uscing a flat D slide valve provided with angular steam ports and
passages, and the valve seat provided with corresponding angular ports.
In this case the valve is made to move in opposite directions by motion
taken from the piston rod, similar in principle to the plan before
described, but by different mechanism. The longitudinal motion of the
valve is effected by a supplementary steam piston and cylinder; the
valve rod is attached to one end of the supplementary piston, and
the piston of the cataract cylinder to the opposite end. The longitudinal
motion of the steam valve is regulated and controlled by the cataract,
same as before described. The transverse or cross motion of this valve
is effected by fitting a sliding plate to the back of the valve provided
A

page_text: with a tongue fit into a groove on the back of the valve for permitting
the valve to have a free longitudinal and transverse motion at the same
time. The rod for moving the valve transversly is attached to the plate,
and receivs its motion from the piston rod through the combination of
a connecting rod, lever, rocking shaft, and crank, which causes a
constant transverse motion to-and-fro of the main steam valve, similar
to that imparted to the cylindrical slide valve by the twisting bar before
described. The supplementary valve in this case is opperated by tappets
attached to the rock shaft made to act on a lever connected to the
supplementary valve rod. A. lever is arranged with the supplementary
valve mechanism for working it by hand in starting the engine if
required.
Another modification of this part of my improvement is to work the
flat D slide valve by means of a supplementary steam piston situated
the requisite distance above the valve seat in its chamber for moving the
D valve longitudinally. The piston in this case is notched in its centre
for receiving and moving the D valve by the pressure of steam on the
piston, a rod is passed through the entire length of this piston,
which receives a twisting motion similar to that before described; this
rod is provided with a lever for taking hold and moving the D valve
transversly. The supplementary piston for moving the valve longi-
tudinally in this case will be provided with a cataract for regulating the
motion of the valve the same as before described. The cataract cylinder
may be placed in line with the supplementary piston or may be joined
to it by a bell crank or any other known mechanical contrivance; this
mode of applying the cataract cylinder may be applied to the modifi-
cation of this part of my improvement before described or hereafter
described.
Another modification of this part of my improvement used in con-
nection with the ordinary D or B slide valves is to dispense with the
angular steam ports in the valve and its seats, and instead of the angular
ports the top of the valve is made flat and provided with an angular
tongue of 45°, more or less. A plate is fit to the top of this valve pro-
vided with a groove to fit over the tongue. This plate receives a
longitudinal motion by a supplementary piston, and moves the valve by
reason of its connection by the tongue and groove before described.
The valve receives a cross or lateral motion by means of a twisted bar, or
combination of rods and levers, by motion taken from the piston rod of

page_text: The cylinder of compound engines to which my valve improvements
are applied may be placed side by side or end to end to suit the con-
venience of construction and application to use.
The next part of my improvement relates to the valves connected to
the cataract cylinder, which are made so that the water has free ingress
into, but is forced out of, the cylinder through an adjustable aperture
made through the ingress valve. The kind of valves by preference
employed are the metal hinged flat valves, which rests on a plain surface
or seat, and are made adjustable by a and wheel or lever. The
water contained in the cataract cylinder is alternately forced from and
drawn into the cylinder.
The hinged valves used are so arranged in chambers that the water is
forced out of the cylinder through openings made in the valve, and
from the top of the valves the area of these ingress openings are
adjusted to suit the required motion of the steam valve to which the
cataract piston is attached. The water lifts the valves at all times to
fill the cataract cylinder the same as an ordinary pump. A water
chamber is attached to the cylinder for ensureing a full supply of water.
This or any other known construction of cataract cylinder may be used
for regulating the movement of the steam valves, as herein-before
described.
Another portion of my improvement relates to the manner of con-
structing and working the steam valves of direct acting duplex or
independent compound condensing or non-condensing steam pumping
engines similar to the engines described in my Letters Patent dated
1st October 1874, No. 3361.
In one modification of this part of my improvement the auxiliary
piston is cast or otherwise joined to the main steam valve of the engine.
In this case the auxiliary cylinder is divided, or two auxiliary cylinders
are used. One end of each cylinder is closed, usually by casting it
solid. One of these auxiliary cylinders are placed through a suitable
opening in each end of the steam chest, and bolted thereto, with the
opened end of the cylinder in the chest. The auxiliary piston is cast to
the main steam valve, and the ends of the piston are made to work in
the said auxiliary cylinder. The said piston is provided with steam
ports and passages leading from its ends to a cylindrical valve or valves
working on or in the centre of the auxiliary piston for admitting steam
to and from the auxiliary cylinders for working the main valve, cast or

page_text: For
attached to the said auxiliary piston, as before stated. These auxiliary
piston valves are made with different areas, so that the pressure of
steam on the large areas overbalances that upon the smaller areas.
working them live steam continually presses upon the smaller areas,
while the larger areas are acted on by steam taken from the main
cylinder when the piston is about terminating its stroke, or if desired
these valves may be made to actuate a third auxiliary valve for admitting
and exhausting steam to and from the auxiliary cylinders. The exhaust
from the auxiliary cylinder is throttled by means of any known structure
of valve, worked and set by hand, to retard the motion of the main
steam valve, more or less, when commencing and finnishing its stroke,
and consequently the piston of the engine, in order to prevent any
injureious concussive motion of the pump piston by suddenly reversing
its stroke, and give the pump valves time to gradually lift and seat
without knocking.
Instead of the auxiliary cylinders being attached to the ends of the
steam chest, as herein-before described, the main steam valve may be
attached to a moving auxiliary cylinder provided with an auxiliary
valve, and the ends of the said cylinder made to work over pistons
attached to the ends of the steam chest, or instead of attaching the
auxiliary cylinders or pistons to the ends of the steam chest as before
described, they may be bolted to the top of the cylinder and enclosed by
the steam chest, but for being more compact I prefer attaching them to
the ends of the steam chest as described. A lever and arm is arranged
with the steam chest and connected with the auxiliary valve or valve
for moving them if required, when first starting the engine.
The structure of this valve arrangement and manner of operating it,
when used in connection with compound or duplex compound direct-
acting engines, admits of being worked by steam taken from another
cylinder forming the compound, in order to get a regular and uniform
motion of the piston of each engine, according to the manner described
in the Specification of my Patent, dated 1rst of October 1874, No. 3361.
Another modification of this part of my improvement is to enclose
the supplementary piston in a supplementary cylinder joined together
at its centre by flanges and bolts, in order to get the supplementary
piston in the cylinder, and then place the supplementary cylinder loose
in the steam chest, so that the ends of it but against the inside ends of
the steam chest for holding it stationary, while the supplementary

page_text: piston and main valve is being moved. This manner of loosely placing
the supplementary cylinder in the steam chest has the advantage of
adjusting itself and parts to the wearing of the main valve, otherwise
the auxiliary piston, main and auxiliary valves, aro constructed, arranged,
and operated in the manner before described; or instead of attaching
the main steam valve to the supplementary piston as described, it may
be attached to a moving supplementary cylinder, and its piston held
stationary by rods attached to its ends, and made to press against the
inner ends of the steam chest, in this case the stationary supplementary
piston would be provided with a supplementary valve for admitting and
exhausting steam to and from the moving supplementary cylinder, to
which the main valve is attached. This and other arrangements of
valves may be constructed to work with separate main steam and exhaust
ports leading into the cylinder.
Another modification of this part of my improvement is, to cast or
attach the auxiliary cylinder to the top of the main cylinder, on or over
the main valve seat, similar to the plan in my Patent, dated 17th May
1870, No. 1413, and provide the said cylinder with an auxiliary piston
furnished with a supplementary valve. The piston ends are provided
with hollow rods or stems projecting through the auxiliary cylinder
covers; these hollow rods are made to move the main steam valve of
the engine which are usually mado double for this modification, and in
the mean time form valves for admitting steam to the auxiliary cylinder
for moving its piston, and consequently the main valve; in this case,
the auxiliary valve is only used for exhausting steam from the auxiliary
cylinder.
The steam chest or cylinder containing the valve, in some cases are
provided with steam jackets for uniformly heating the valve and their
parts before starting the engine to work.
Some of the valve arrangements herein described may be applied to
compound engines by providing them with steam ports and passages, so
as to make one valve serve to admit and exhaust steam to and from
both high and low pressure cylinders, in some such cases the valve may
be arranged in the piston of the engine, similar to the plan shown in
my Patent, dated 15th September 1868, No. 2831, or arranged on the
outside of the cylinder, if desired.
When any of the valve arrangements herein described are used for
working compound engines, the auxiliary cylinder should be provided

page_text: with an independent exhaust, and not allowed to communicate with the
main exhaust from the high to the low pressure cylinder, in order to
prevent the exhaust pressure of steam from the high to the low pressure
cylinder from interfering with the movement of the auxiliary piston or
cylinder, as the case may be, and consequently with the main steam
valves.
Another part of my improvement or modification applicable to all
sizes of direct-acting steam pumping engines, but more particularly to
the larger class, is an arrangement for working the ordinary D steam
slide valve by the longitudinal motion of a steam moved piston. An
initial vibratery motion is imparted to the piston by means of levers,
rods, and tappets, worked from the main piston or piston rod of the
engine for admitting and exhausting steam from the said piston cylinder,
for giving the piston the required motion for moving the D valve.
Another portion of my improvement relates to an arrangement of a
series of air compressing cylinders in the same machine, and is
supplementary to my Patent, dated 1rst October 1874, No. 3361, by
which the air is compressed first in the larger cylinder of the series,
then in the second large, and so on, into the smaller cylinder of the
series, which may consist of two, three, or more air compressing
cylinders until the air is compressed to the desired pressure, when it
may be applied for use or discharged in a reservoir. The cylinders are
connected together by pipes provided with valves and cocks for receiving
and conducting the air from cylinder to cylinder.
Another part of my improvement relates to the pump portion of the
machine, and consisists in arranging the suction and delivery valves of
the pump at an angle for convenience of constructing, and combining
therewith a vacuum chamber to prevent concussion and not permit the
pump to loose its water after being filled. Also arranging air valves to
the pump to be operated by the piston of it for supplying the air vessel
with air. Also in constructing pumps with one piston having two areas
by which a constant stream is forced, and constructing and arranging
the suction and delivery valves thereto in such a manner as to make
them easy of access for repairing and cleaning; these improvements
may be applied to pumps worked in a vertical or horazontal position.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Martin Benson in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 12th April 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MARTIN
BENSON, of No. 9, Southampton Buildings, London, send greeting,
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Martin Benson, Her special
licenco that I, the said Martin Benson, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Martin Benson, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any agree with,
and no others, from time to time, and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM PUMPING OR AIR COMPRESSING ENGINES," a com-
munication to me from abroad by Ezra Cope and James Riley
Maxwell, of Hamilton, Ohio, United States of North America, upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Martin Benson, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediatly after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Martin Benson, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
The first part or modification of my improvements relates to the
means for controlling the admission of steam or air to the cylinders of
direct-acting pumping engines or compound engines, so that at no time
while working more or less pressure of steam or air is admitted to the
cylinder or cylinders than is necessary to move the piston at the required

page_text: speed under varying loads, usually incidental in working pumping
machinery, for preventing the engine from racing, breaking, or injureing
its parts.
The means for working the steam valve also causes the piston of the
engine to stop sufficient at the termination of each stroke to give all the
valves of the pump time to seat and gradually lift, without producing
sufficient concussive action to injure the valves or any part of the
machinery beyond what is due to ordinary working.
In some cases the main steam valve is made cylindrical and worked
through the medium of levers and rods by motion taken from the piston
of the engine, which first actuates a master or supplementary slide
valve for admitting steam too and from the valve chamber for working
the main valve longitudinally by the pressure of steam; the main valve
in this case is hollow, similar to that shown in my Patent dated 15th
September 1868, No. 2831, and the steam is admitted to the interior of
it, and passes from thence through angular or helical ports made
through the shell of the valve into corresponding angular or helical
ports made in the valve scat leading into the cylinder.
The valve receives two motions, a longitudinal and oscillating or
twisting motion; the twisting motion is produced by a twisted or screw
bar, which is worked first in one direction and theu in the opposite by
an arm attached to the piston rod provided with a slot to receive the
twisted bar; this bar extends into the main valve chamber, and is made
square at its end to fit a similar shaped recess in the end of the valve;
in the mean time the main valve has a longitudinal motion produced
by the pressure of steam, as before stated, in order to make this motion
uniform a cataract cylinder is employed, the piston of which is attached
to the main steam valve by means of a piston rod.
The required motion of the steam valve is regulated by cocks or
valves for contracting or enlarging the opening for the flow of water
from end to end of the cataract cylinder, as may be required.
With the two motions of the main steam valve before described the
main piston of the engine can be made to work at any desired uniform
speed in the following described manner :—
The twisting motion from the angular or helical shape of the ports
in the main valve and its seat have a tendency to cut off the admission

page_text: of steam, while the end motion of the valve, imparted to it by the direct
action of steam, seves to admit steam to the main] cylinder. Thus,
the two motions being opposite each other, and the one having a
constant velocity, while the other varys with the pressure, the result
is a variable motion of the main valve, which admits and cuts off the
admission of steam from the main cylinder according to the amount of
work to be performed; should the load be uniform the two motions will
be equal, and the same pressure of steam will be admitted during the
entire stroke.
Should the engine be suddenly relieved of part of its load the motion
of the main piston will be accelerated, but this acceleration will cause
the twisting motion of the main valve to exceede, or nearly so, the end
motion, and thereby cause the steam to be throttled or cut off entirely,
or arrest the piston while the end motion of the valve shall gain the
advance of the twisting motion, when the main piston will move at the
required speed to the end of its stroke. And should the load on the
engine be increased during the stroke the main piston's speed will be
retarded, and thereby cause the twisting motion of the valve to become
so slow that its end motion will at once open the steam ports for a full
supply of steam.
The following is a description of the structure and working of the
improvement, reference being made to the accompanying Drawings,
and to the figures and letters of reference marked thereon and made to
form part of this Specification.
Fig. 1 (Sheet 1) is a plan longitudinal section of the valve for showing
connection for working it, as before described.
Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section of the cylinder and valve.
Fig. 3 is a transverse section of the main cylinder and valve.
Fig. is a transverse section of the piston rod, showing the arm for
working the twisting bar.
Figs. 5 and 6 represent the main steam ports in the valve and valve
scat.
A is the main steam cylinder, with the usual steam and exhaust ports
A¹, A¹, and B¹; C is the main steam chest enclosing the main valve D,
which is circular in form; E is an auxiliary valve chest; and F is an

page_text: auxiliary slide valve, which admits steam to move the main piston
valve D; G is a cataract cylinder provided with a piston H, the rod of
which is attached to the main piston valve D, and regulates its motion
endwise, so that its velocity shall be constant; I is a twisted bar the
shape of a screw, with a single thread of very long pitch, which is
attached to the main valve, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, so as to give
it a twisting motion, and at the same time allow it free motion endwise,
The twisting motion is imparted to the bar I by the arm J, which is
firmly attached to the main piston rod as shown. A longitudinal slot
is made in the arm J, into which the twisting bar I cnters, and as the
piston moves backward and forward the bar accommodates itself to the
slot. A short horizontal arm extends out from the arm J, which
moves the master or auxiliary valve F by coming in contact with the
collars k, k, upon the rod K. The speed of the cataract piston H is
regulated by the throttle valve L, and the pressure is maintained in
case of leakage or accident by the weighted lever M.
Figs. 5 and 6 show the main steam ports in the valve seat and in the
main valve. They are helical or spiral shaped, in order that the twisting
motion imparted to the valve D may cut off the steam carlier or later in
the stroke. This will be clearly seen in the following description of the
operation of the engine.
The operation is as follows:-In the Drawings the arm / is shown
just coming in contact with the collar k upon the rod K, which will
move the master valve F to the right, bringing the cavity f' and the
passage e¹ into communication, and also the passage e and the exhaust
port which leads to the main exhaust, thus exhausting steam from the
left of the main piston valve D and admitting steam to its right. The
main valve is thus moved to the right, its motion being rendered constant
by the cataract piston, as before described.
When the ports and A' are brought into communication steam passes
to the right of the main piston B, forcing it to the left. The arm J is
then carried to the left, causing the bar I to change its position each
moment, thus imparting a twisting motion to the valve. This twisting
motion, from the helical shape of the ports, has a tendency to cut off
the admission of steam, while the end motion imparted by the direct
action of steam serves to admit steam to the main cylinder. These
two motions being opposed to each other, and the one having a constant

page_text: velocity, while the other varies with the pressure, the resultant is a
variable motion of the main valve, which admits and cuts off the
admission of steam from the main cylinder according to amount of
work to be performed. Should the two motions be equal the same
amount of steam will be admitted during the entire stroke.
Should the engine be suddenly relieved of part of its load the motion
of the main piston will be accelerated, but the accelleration will cause
the twisting motion of the valve to exceede or nearly so the end motion,
and will be so throttled or cut off entirely as to arrest the piston
until the end motion of the valve shall gain the advance of the twisting
motion, when the main piston will move to the entire length of
its stroke. Should the load on the engine be increased during the stroke
the main piston will be retarded, and thus the twisting motion of the
valvo D become so slow that its end motion will at once widen the steam
port for the admission of a sufficient supply of steam to cause the main
piston to move at its proper velocity. The broken distance piece W
attached to the right end of the cylinder is for joining the steam and
pump cylinders together; the end P of the conecting or distance piece
serves as a cover or head to the pump cylinder (not shown).
Another modification of this portion of my improvement consists in
useing a flat D slide valve, provided with angular steam ports and
passages, and the valve seat provided with corresponding angular ports.
In this case the valvo is made to move in opposite directions by motion
taken from the piston rod, similar in principle to the plan before
described, but by different mechanism. The longitudinal motion of tho
valve is cffected by a supplementary steam piston and cylinder. The
valve rod is attached to one end of the supplementary piston, and the
piston of the cataract cylinder to the opposite end. The longitudinal
motion of the steam valve is regulated and controlled by the cataract,
same as before described. The transverse or cross motion of this valve
is effected by fitting a sliding plate to the back of the valve, provided
with a tongue fit into a groove on the back of the valve, for permitting
the valve to have a free longitudinal and transverse motion at the same
time. The rod for moving the valve transversely is attached to the
plate, and receives its motion from the piston rod through the combi-
nation of a connecting rod, lever, rocking shaft, and crank, which
causes a constant transverse motion too and fro of the main steam
valve, similar to that imparted to the cylindrical slide valve by the

page_text: twisting bar before described. The supplementary valve in this case is
opperated by tappets attached to the rock shaft made to act on a lever
connected to the supplementary valve rod. A lever is arranged with
the supplementary valve mechanism for working it by hand in starting
the engine if required.
Fig. 7 (Sheet 2) is a side view of the cylinder, valve chest, and
connecting piece W for uniting the steam and pump cylinders together,
and partly showing the means for working the valves.
Fig. 8 is a plan section through the steam chest supplementary and
cataract cylinders.
Fig. 9 is a transverse section through the main cylinder and valve
chest.
Figs. 10 and 11 are face views of the valvo and valve scat, showing
the form and position of the ports.
The steam chest C is placed at the side of the cylinder. A rock
shaft L, operated by the connecting rod I and I' (which are moved from
the main piston rod), rests in bearings above the cylinder A. (see Fig. 9).
Upon the end of the rock shaft L is a crank and a tappet, to the former
of which the main slide valve is attached by the rod M, and from which
the valve D receives its motion sideways, equivalent to the twisting
motion of the valve in the previous arrangement, before described on
Sheet 1. The tappet N comes in contact with the lever K¹, and thereby
moves the auxiliary valve F. A handle O is attached to the lever K,
by means of which the valve F may be moved by hand. This end
motion is given to the main valve by a small supplementary piston .D',
one end of its rod being attached to the cataract piston H, as in the
previous arrangement before described. The following is a description
of the working of the arrangement of the parts for moving and guiding
the main slide valve D:-A plate C¹ having a central guide d, which
extends into a recess or groove on the back of the main slide valve D
and covers the valve; the valve rod M is attached to this plate, and not
directly to the valve. Hence the rock shaft L communicates its motion
to the plate C, and the plate carries the main valve accross its seat by
means of the guide d and the recess in the valve. Two guides c and c,
Fig. 7, on the steam cap C hold and guides the plate C¹ in its
cross motion (and thus guides the valve), while they prevent the plate
from moving endwise. The main valve rod D" extends through slot &

page_text: in the main valve, so as not to prevent or hinder the cross motion of the
valve; it extends entirely through the valve, resting in two bearings d¹¹
and .
The guide d, by means of which the valve is moved crosswise,
serves to guide the end motion of the valve, as communicated to it by the
subsidary or auxiliary piston D¹, allowing it to move freely.
Another or third modification of this part of my improvement is to
work the flat D slide valve by means of a supplementary steam piston
situated the requisite distance above the valve seat in its chamber for
moving the D valve longitudinally. The piston in this case is notched
at its centre for receiving and moving the D valve by the pressure of
steam on the piston; a rod is passed through the entire length of the
piston, which receives a twisting motion similar to that before described.
This rod is provided with a lever for taking hold and moving the D valve
transversely. The supplementary piston for moving the valve longi-
tudinally in this case will be provided with a cataract for regulating the
motion of the valve, the same as before described. The cataract cylinder
may be placed in line with the supplementary piston, or may be joined
to it by a bell crank or any other known mechanical contrivance. This
mode of applying the cataract cylinder may be applied to the modifi-
cation of this part of my improvement before described, or hereafter
described.
Fig. 12 (Sheet 3) is a plan section of the valve chest and auxiliary
valve; Fig. 13 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of the main cylinder
and valve chest; Fig. 14 is a transverse section of the cylinder and
valve.
An arm or stem d extends from the main slide valve D into a recess
in in the piston valve D¹, by means of which the piston valve imparts to
the main valve its end motion. H is the piston rod of the cataract
cylinder, as shown in the previous modification, by means of which the
velocity of the piston valve D¹ is controlled and regulated. The motion
of the main valve D crosswise of the ports is imparted to it by the
rod D by means of the arm I. This rod D" extends entirely through
the steam chest, having a bearing in either head; its extension is helical
or spiral shaped (not shown) the same as the bar I, Sheet 1, in Fig. 2,
and it is twisted in the same manner.
Steam is admitted to and exhausted from the ends of the piston
valve D¹ by the small slide valve F in the chest E, and it is operated in

page_text: precisely a similar manner as the foregoing modifications. Other means
than the spiral or twisted bar may be employed to give the cross motion
to the main slide valve for the purpose named, and not change the
nature of the Invention.
Another or fourth modification of this part of my improvement used
in connection with the ordinary D or B slide valves, and more particular
for compound engines, is to dispense with the angular steam ports in
the valve and its seat, and instead of the angular ports the top of the
valve is made flat, and provided with an angular tongue of 45°, more or
less; a plate is fit to the top of this valve provided with a groove to fit
over the tongue; this plate receives a longitudinal motion by a supple-
mentary piston, and moves the valve by reason of its connection by the
tongue and groove before described. The valve receives a cross or
lateral motion by means of a twisted bar or combination of rods and levers
by motion taken from the piston rod of the engine, according to any of
the plans herein-before or herein-after described. By thus constructing
and arranging the valve and moving plate together, and imparting two
opposite motions to them, the speed of the piston is regulated in the
manner before described in the first modification of this part of my
improvement, namely, by causing the lateral or cross motion imparted
to the valve to cut or partly cut off the steam, and the longitudinal
motion to admit a full supply of steam to the cylinder when required.
Valves constructed after this modification are made an increased width,
equal to the lateral motion imparted to the valve, in order to keep the
steam ports in the valve and its scat in lateral communication when
required.
Instead of making the tongue on the top of the valve for receiving the
moving grooved plate it may be made on the plate, and the groove in
the top of the valve.
Fig. 15 (Sheet 3) is a longitudinal section through the high and low
pressure cylinders, main valve, supplementary and cataract cylinders.
Fig. 16 is a back view of the main valve, showing the high-pressure
cylinder removed.
The high and low pressure cylinders A, A', are placed side by side for
operating independent pumps (not shown).
The valve motion is a modification of that before described, closely
resembling the second modification. The main slide valve D is a
B

page_text: B valve, and admits steam to and exhausts from both cylinders. Steam
is admitted to either end of the high-pressure cylinder through the
passages a, a, which extends from the valve through the steam chest.
The main valve D receives its end motion from the subsidary piston E,
whose rod G is attached to a cap D', which operates the valve in the
manner heretofore described. The said motion of the valve is transmitted
from the main piston rod through the arm J, twisted bar I, arm I', and
shaft L. The master valve F (not shown) may receive its motion from
the high-pressure piston rod, while the side motion of the main valve D
may be given it by the piston rod of the low-pressure cylinder, or vice
versa, or both valves may be moved from either one of the pistons.
Another modification of this part of my improvement is shown by
Figs. 17, 18, 19, and 20 (Sheet 3).
Fig. 17 is a longitudinal section of the main and auxiliary valve;
Fig. 18 is a transverse section of the same.
Fig. 19 is a longitudinal section of the cataract cylinder and its
attachments, and also shows a transverse section of the piston rod; and
Fig. 20 is a separate view of the auxiliary valve. In this arrangement
the motion of the auxiliary valve, and the twisting motion of the main
valve, as well as its end motion, is controlled by a cataract.
The auxiliary valve F, shown separate in Fig. 20, is a cylindrical
valve, and is operated by a twisted bar K in the same manner that the
twisting motion is given to the main valve. The valve F has exhaust
ports a and a¹, which establish communication between e and falter-
nately (see Fig. 17). The steam ports b, b', are brought into communi-
cation with e and e¹ alternately, to admit steam to move the main
valve D endwise. The twisted bars I and K receive their motion from
the arm J, which is attached to the main piston rod. The arm J carries
a cataract cylinder O and two boxes containing nuts L' and M³ through
slots in which the twisted bars I and K pass. These nuts are free to
rotate, and have teeth around a portion of their periphery outside their
respective boxes. The teeth of the nuts L' and M¹ gear into cogs upon
the rod N of the cataract piston P. The bars I and K have a greater
twist than is necessary to give the valves their proper motion when
performing regular service. This is necessary to compensate for the
travel of the cataract piston P, and to provide for any variation in speed.
he cataract piston P and that which regulates the stroke of the main

page_text: valve must be set to travel together, so that their travel may be uniform.
The operation is essentially the same as in previous arrangements
herein-before described. When the piston moves at its regular speed
the cataract piston P will recoile, taking up the extra twist in the bar,
and rendering the motion constant. Should the piston's speed be
accellerated, since the cataract piston is constant, the bar I is twisted
quickly to close the main steam ports. Should the accelleration occur
near the end of the stroke the auxiliary valve F will be reversed, so as
to admit steam to reverse the main valve. Should the speed of the
main piston be retarded the opposite action will occur.
The valve movement herein-before described for regulating the speed
of the piston can be used for working the valves of compound pumping
engines.
The oscillating transverse or twisting motion given to the valve may
be effected by working the twisting bar direct from the piston head of
the low or high pressure cylinder, or from the piston rods, as in the
manner before described. In such cases of compound engines one or
two valves may be used for admitting steam too and from the high and
low pressure cylinders.
Instead of using a twisted bar or any of the devices before described
for obtaining the twisting or cross motion of the valve, a rack and
pinion may be employed, the rack receiving its motion from an angular
slotted slide plate or bar which may be worked from the piston of the
engine, and the pinion is attached to the valve stem, or any other known
mechanism may be used for thus moving the valve without departing
from the principle of my improvement for shutting or cutting off the
steam from the cylinder, for regulating the speed of the piston as before
described.
The cylinders of compound engines to which my valve improvements
are applied may be placed side by side or end to end, to suit the
convenience of construction and application to usc.
Another portion of my improvement is to enclose the supplementary
piston in a supplementary cylinder, joined together at its centre by.
flanges and bolts in order to get the supplementary piston into the
supplementary cylinder, and then place the supplementary cylinder
loose in the steam chest, so that the end of it abut against the inside
ends of the steam chest for holding it stationary while the supplementary
piston and main valve is being moved. This manner of loosely placing
B 2

page_text: the supplementary cylinder in the steam chest has the advantage of
adjusting itself and parts to the wearing of the main valve. The said
piston is provided with steam ports and passages leading from its ends
to a cylindrical valvc or valves, working on or in the centre of the
auxiliary piston for admitting steam too and from the auxiliary cylinder
for working the main valve cast or attached to the said auxiliary piston
as before stated. These auxiliary piston valves are made with different
areas, so that the pressure of steam on the large areas overbalances that
upon the smaller areas; for working them live steam continually presses
upon the smaller areas while the large areas are acted on by steam taken
from the main cylinder when the piston is about terminating its stroke,
or if desired these valves may be made to actuate a third auxiliary valve
for admitting and exhausting steam too and from the auxiliary cylinder.
The Drawings on Sheet 4 represent valve arrangements of this kind.
Fig. 21 (Sheet 4) is a longitudinal section through the cylinder, steam
chest, and valves; Fig. 22 is a transverse section through the same
parts; and Fig. 23 is a plan of the valve.
A is the main steam cylinder; B, the main piston; C, the steam
chest; D and D₁ are small cylinders in which two tappet pistons F, F',
work. These cylinders D and D' are cast, and move with the main slide
valve forming pistons which operate in the auxiliary cylinders E, E';
D" is a small auxiliary slide valve having its seat upon the back of the
main slide valve. It is actuated by the contact of the tappet
pistons F, F, alternately; J, J, are lugs extending from the tappet
pistons F, F¹, between and against which the lever Lacts. The lever L,
shaft M, and handle N is an arrangement for moving the valve by hand.
The auxiliary cylinders E, E', have a flange upon their inner side by
means of which they are bolted together. They are held in position by
lugs, , in the steam chest in such a manner that the valves will wear
to their seat. The tappet pistons F, F¹, are constructed with two areas,
the smaller of which has a constant pressure of steam upon it, and is
thus prevented from "fluttering." They are moved by the pressure of
steam admitted to the large arca which overbalances the opposing
pressure.
The steam passages A¹, A', and supplementary passages a, a, are
arranged as described in my Patent dated 1rst October 1874, No. 3361.
The passages a¹, a", in connection with c and c¹, admit steam from the

page_text: main cylinder to move the tappet pistons F, F', and in connection with
p and p', they exhaust steam from these pistons. The passages a¹
and a are lengthened and enter the cylinder a second time at 611
and so placed that when the main piston closes a¹ and a", 6" and b
will be open, and continue the exhaust from the tappet piston until the
main piston has passed under and opened a¹ and a", when b" and b
will then be closed. This arrangement prevents any steam remaining
in the passages a¹ or a" after they have been closed by the main piston,
or any steam which may leak past the tappet pistons from moving these
pistons, and so reversing the valves before the main piston has made its
full stroke.
«
The ports and passages n, m, n, n', and cavity o are also intended to
prevent any
fluttering" or rebound of the tappet pistons. The
passages n and n¹ are alternately in communication with the ports m, m³,
and the cavity o; when in communication with m or m¹ they slowly
exhaust steam from the annular spaces surrounding the reduced portions
of the tappet pistons. When in communication with the cavity o they
admit high steam from the chest to the same annular spaces.
The passages and g¹ are brought into communication alternately
with the passages f and f, and through them with the exhaust by the
cavity in the auxiliary slide valve D", and with high steam from the
chest by the ports j, j', in the same valve D". The ports j and j¹ may
be dispensed with, the passages y and g¹ being used wholy as exhaust
passages, and the small ports i and continuing open to furnish high
steam to move the main slide valve.
The operation is as follows:-In the Drawings the main slide valve is
at the left of its travel, admitting steam to the main cylinder through
passage A¹ on the right, moving the main piston B to the left; upon
passing under and opening port a steam from behind it passes through
a' and c to the left of the tappet F. This being the larger area of the
piston the pressure of steam upon it overbalances that which acts
continuously upon its smaller area, while that in the annular space
surrounding the reduced portion is exhausted through a' and m¹. The
piston F therefore moves to the right. In this motion it comes in
contact with and carries to the right the auxiliary slide valve D". This
valve then brings the passages 9' and f¹ into communication through the
cavity h, and the passage into communication with the port j.

page_text: I
Through the former g and f' steam is exhausted from the auxiliary
cylinder E¹, and through the latter g and j high steam is admitted to
the cylinder E, and conscquently the cylinders D, D', and main slide
valve are moved to the right. In this motion of the main valve to the
right the passage e is brought into communication with the port p',
exhausting steam from the left of the tappet piston F¹. At the same
time passage n and cavity o communicate, and high steam passes to the
annular space around F¹, and F¹ is therefore back to its original position.
The passage c¹ is brought into communication with a ready for the
reception of steam, when the main piston shall have passed under and
opened a" on its return stroke. The passage f is carried over the port
f", and the main slide valve is cushioned upon the remaining steam in
the same manner as I cushion the main piston.
The main slide valve having been reversed as described, steam is
admitted to the main cylinder through the passage A¹ on the left, and
exhausted through A¹ and B¹ from the right, so reversing the stroke of
the main piston B. When the piston B on its return stroke have passed
under and opened a", steam passes to the tappet piston F, moving it to
the left and with it the supplementary slide valve D", and the same
operations as before described are repeated in a reverse order, and so on
continuously while steam is supplied.
Figs. 24 and 25 (Sheet 4) shows a modification of the foregoing;
Fig. 24 is a sectional elevation, and Fig. 25 is a plan of the valve seat
face showing the position of the ports. The same letters are used to
indicate similar parts shown in the Drawings just described on Sheet 4.
The small slide valve D", Fig. 2, is in this case dispensed with, being
replaced by exhaust cavities in the auxiliary piston valves F, F¹. The
small ports n¹¹, n", are added to the exhaust steam in connection with ports
n, n¹, from the ends of the auxiliary piston valves. The valve moving
piston in this case as in the foregoing is cushioned by overrunning the
exhaust ports f" and f". A continual supply of high steam is admitted
between the auxiliary piston valves as shown by the arrows. These
being the functions of the additional parts and ports, the action is as
follows: Steam enters a¹ in the usual manner, and passes through it
and port c to the right end of the auxiliary piston valve F. This steam
pressing upon the larger ends of this auxiliary piston valve forces it to
the left, compressing the steam between it and the auxiliary piston
valve F. Thus, the cavity is brought over the ports e and fopening

page_text: communication between them, and exhausting steam from the valve
moving cylinder E. Port g being of larger area than port i, steam
which enters this cylinder through the latter will pass directly to the
exhaust through the former. Steam entering port now pushes the
valve moving piston and main slide valve D to the right, bringing ports
c and n¹¹ in communication, which in connection with port n exhausts
from the right of the auxiliary piston valve F, while that confined
between F and F forces it back to its original position; this movement
of D also places ports c and a" in communication ready for the reception
of steam at the proper time, and finally the change of the main slide
valve admits steam to the cylinder A to move the stroke of the main
piston B; these operations are repeated as hereintofore described.
Most all of the other plans of the valve arrangements herein-after
described are more or less modifications of the arrangements represented
on Sheet 4, and the same letters and characters of reference are used to
denote like parts of the improvement. The Drawings are made quite
complete in order to dispense with the necessity of so fully specifying
the improvement, as has been done in describing the Drawings on
Sheet 4, and so that persons skilled in the art may fully understand the
working of the different modified forms of the improvement by the
Drawings, and a general description of the same. Steam is taken from
the cylinder or piston in all cases for first moving the master or auxiliary
valves or pistons excepting the plan shown on Sheet 12.
In the next modification described on Sheet 5 the auxiliary cylinder
is divided, or two auxiliary cylinders are used; one end of each cylinder
is closed usually by casting it solid; one of the auxiliary cylinders are
placed through a suitable opening in each end of the steam chest, and
bolted thereto with the open end of the cylinder in the chest; the
auxiliary piston is cast to the main steam valve, and the ends of the
piston are made to work in the said auxiliary cylinders. The exhaust
from the auxiliary cylinder is throttled of any known structure of
valve worked and set by hand to retard the motion of the main steam
valve, more or less, when commencing and finishing its stroke, and con-
sequently the piston of the engine in order to prevent any injurious
concussive motion of the pump piston by suddenly reversing its stroke,
and give the pump valve time to gradually lift and seat without

page_text: Fig. 26 is a longitudinal sectional view through one engine showing
the valve motion heretofore described. Fig. 27 is a transverse sectional
view of the same.
Fig. 31 is a transverse view of the main valve, and Fig. 32 is an
elevation of the cylinder showing the exhaust ports and the position of
the connecting cocks.
A is the steam cylinder, provided with the usual steam ports and
passages for working a B slide valve, as represented; C is the steam
chest; and E, E¹, are auxiliary cylinders. These are inserted in the
ends of the steam chest, forming its head. This arrangement is con-
venient for engines of large size. The chest has also a cap C¹ for
rendering the valve easily accessible. The main valve is also made of
greater width in order to cover the additional ports necessary to the
duplex arrangement for working the valves.
The operation of the valves when the engine is working independently
is as follows:-Imagine the main slide valve to be at the end of its
motion to the left, admitting steam to the main cylinder through the
passage A, forcing the main piston to the left. When the piston passes
port a, b, and d no effect is produced, a¹ and 6' being covered by a portion
of the slide valve, and having been rendered inoperative by the position
of the connecting cocks R, R². When the piston has passed the port a,
it having been brought into communication with the passage c by the
motion of the main valve to the left, steam passes through the passages a
and c to the left of the tappet piston F. The motion of the main valve
to the left has also brought the passage n¹ into communication with the
port, so that steam passes from the annular space S¹ surrounding the
tappet piston F through n² and to the exhaust; the tappet piston F¹
therefore moves to the right. It thus comes in contact with the
auxiliary slide valve D", forcing it to the right, bringing the passage g¹
and f into communication through the cavity h, and the passage g into
communication with the port j¹. Through g¹, h, and f steam passes from
the auxiliary cylinder E¹ to the exhaust f", and thence to the common

page_text: exhaust B. Through j and high-pressure steam passes from the chest
to the auxiliary cylinder E, and pressing against the head G₁ of the main
slide valve D, forces the valve to the right, thus changing the position
of all the parts and communication of all the ports, admitting steam to
the main cylinder through passage A' at the left, reversing the stroke of
the main piston B.
When the main valve is passing to the right the passage C is brought
into communication with the passage c", through which steam passes
from the left of the tappet piston F¹ to the exhaust f". At the same
time the passage n' is brought into communication with the cavity o,
through which high-pressure steam from the chest passes to the annular
space S¹, consequently the [tappet piston F¹ is forced back against the
head G.
*
The motion of the main valve is controlled and regulated through the
exhaust passage f" by means of the throttle valve W, which is set by
hand to allow the steam from the ends of the valve to exhaust slowly
or rapidly as may be desired. The object of thus throttling the exhaust
is to "slow down" the motion of the valve when commencing and
finishing the stroke, preventing any
"shock" in the pump.
When operating as a duplex engine the three-way connecting
cocks R, R', are turned so as to break communication of the
passages a and a¹, and bring a into communication with the passage a,
and a with m¹; the ports a, b, a', ', are thus rendered inoperative, and
d is brought into service.
The operation is as follows:-As before, we will imagine the main
valve of engine 1, although there is but one cylinder shown, to have
reached the extent of its travel to the left, thus admitting steam to the
right of this engine, and forcing its piston to the left. As I have shown,
when it passes port a', 6', no effect is produced, but when it passes port d
steam passes from behind it through the passage d and cavity V¹ to the
passage, whence it passes through the tube T to the passage m of
engine 2, and thence through passage m, a, and c to the left of the
tappet piston F, forcing it to the right, and changing the position of the
valves of engine 2 in the same manner as it would actuate its own valve
had the converting cocks not been changed, as has been previously
described. The main piston of engine 2 is thus forced to the left, and
when it has passed and opened the port d steam will pass through d and

page_text: its co-operating ports to the valve of engine 1, changing them, and thus
reversing the stroke of the piston of engine 1.
The arrangement of ports, passages, and other parts for operating
the engines as duplex, and for converting them from duplex to
independent engines, are essentially similar to that shown in my
previous duplex arrangement in my Patent dated 1rst October 1874,
No. 3361. The converting cocks R, R', engines 1 and 2, are connected
by a system of levers, so that they may be moved at one and the same
time.
A portion of my improvement relating to valves in connection with
cataract cylinders is illustrated on Sheet 5. The object of this is to
prevent any leakage of water from the cataract cylinder from effecting the
motion of its piston. This is accomplished by placing valves over the
water passages to retard the flow of water from the ends of the cylinder,
the valves being so arranged that the opening for the passage of the water
may be increased or decreaced as necessity may demand. In the previous
arrangement this is accomplished by means of a weighted plunger, but
the method now shown is more effective, and controls each end of the
cylinder separately, and so much more effectually controls the motion
of the steam valve. Its action is somewhat similar to that of a pump,
in that the cylinder takes a full supply of water at cach stroke of the
piston.
Fig. 33 (Sheet 5) represents a longitudinal section elevation of the
cataract cylinder, showing the improved valves attached, and Fig. 34 is
a separate top view of the valve.
The passages for the water between the ends of the cylinder are closed
by two hinged valves ", r¹, or any other variety of valves may be used,
the hinged valve because of its simplicity. By means of the screws p
and p', and the hand wheels n, n¹, each valve may be moved indepen-
dently, so as to open or close the water passages as required. It will be
evident this may be effected in several ways, I have shown the valve
perforated by a series of openings, part or all of which may be brought
over the water passage by moving the valve.
The action is as follows
-
When the piston I moves from left
to right, as shown, water is forced from the right of the cylinder,
and through the openings in valve passing to the valve ", the

page_text: water raises it, and has an unobstructed passage to the left of the
cataract cylinder; the course of the water is shown by arrows. It will
thus be seen that the water in passing through the valve is retarded
according to the opening left, and the pressure on the piston H is
constant.
Instead of the auxiliary cylinders being attached to the ends of the
steam chest, as herein-before described, the main steam valve may be
attached to a moving auxiliary cylinder provided with an auxiliary valve,
and the ends of the said cylinder made to work over pistons attached to the
ends of the steam chest; or instead of attaching the auxiliary cylinders
or pistons to the end of the steam chest, as before described, they may
be bolted to the top of the cylinder and enclosed by the steam chest ;
but for being more compact I prefer attaching them to the ends of the
steam chest, as before described.
Figs. 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, and 42 (Sheet 6) represent different
views of the valve arrangement, above described, and are so fully
represented by the Drawings, it requires but little description to be
understood by persons skilled in the art. Fig. 35 is a longitudinal
sectional elevation of the valve arrangement showing a part of the main
cylinder, with its usual steam ports and passages for working a Bor
double D valve; Fig. 36 is a transverse section of the same; Fig. 37 is
a plan section of the valve; and Fig. 38 is a view of the main valve
seat and cylinder. The main slide valve is a double D valve, and
is cast with a cylinder upon its back, the latter being subdivided to
form a central cylinder for the master valve F, and two end cylinders
E, E, which open outwards, and operate upon two piston-like abutments
E", E, in the ends of the steam chest C. The heads of the auxiliary
valve cylinder G, G, are held in place by the bolts G', G. The passages
b and b¹arc exhaust passages only, while high steam is admitted to the
auxiliary cylinders E, E¹, through the small ports i, i¹, which are con-
tinually open. The exhaust from the master valve cylinder takes place.
through the small ports e, e¹, el, el, which are alsoe continually open.
Figs. 39, 40, 41, and 42, show different arrangements for exhausting
from the master valve cylinder. In Figs. 39 and 40, a groove is made
in the valve F extending from end to end having a small port e cut
through the exhaust. In Figs. 41 and 42, the groove is made in the
cylinder. The ports e are continually open to the exhaust. Levers L

page_text: and N and spindle M, are arranged with the steam chest, and connected
with the auxiliary valve F for moving it, if required, when first starting
the engine.
Another modification of this part of my improvement is to enclose
the supplementary piston in a supplementary cylinder joined together at
its centre by flanges and bolts, in order to get the supplementary piston
into the supplementary cylinder, and then place the supplementary
cylinder loose in the steam chest, so that the end of it abut against the
inside ends of the steam chest for holding it stationary, while the
supplementary piston and main valve is being moved. This manner.
of loosely placing the supplementary cylinder in the steam chest has the
advantage of adjusting itself and parts to the wearing of the main valve,
as before stated, otherwise the auxiliary piston, main, and auxiliary
valve, are constructed, arranged, and operated, in the manner before
described. Fig. 43, 44, 45, and 46 (Sheet 6) represent the modification
of this valve arrangement.
Fig. 43 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of the valve and a portion
of the cylinder; Fig. 44 is a transverse section of the same; Fig. 45 is
a plan section of the valve arrangement and steam chest; and Fig. 46 is
a view of the main valve seat and cylinder. In this case, as in the
preceeding arrangement, the steam chest does not perform the function
of an auxiliary cylinder for the main piston valve; independent auxiliary
cylinders are used, and the main valve is a plain flat D slide, the
auxiliary cylinder being in most cases cast upon its back. In this
modification the main slide valve is a double D valve, having a cylinder
or piston cast upon its back, which forms a piston valve operating
within the independent auxiliary cylinders E, E¹, to move the main
valve, and forming also a cylinder in which the master valve operates.
The auxiliary cylinders E, E', are united by an overlapping joint, and
are held in place by abutting against lugs in the ends of the steam
chest. The auxiliary cylinders are also provided with flanges upon
their inner ends, by means of which they are bolted together. A hand
lever may be provided for operating the valves by hand, similar to the
ones previously shown in Figs. 35 and 36.
The structure of these valve arrangements and manner of operating
them, when used in connection with compound or duplex compound
direct-acting engines, admits of being worked by steam taken from
another cylinder forming the compound in order to get a regular and

page_text: Figs. 48 and 49 are double-acting air pumps upon the same principle as
in Fig. 48, A is a steam cylinder of any ordinary construction operating
the pistons of the air cylinders B, C, D. These cylinders are of different
areas, the air passing through them from the greater to the less, sub-
stantially as described. The air pump pistons are connected by the
hollow tubes E, E, and F, which form air passages from one air cylinder
to the other. The valves h, h, and g, are inlet valves. In describing
the operation I will first describe the passage of the air admitted
through h, h, afterwards that through g. When the piston ascends the
valves h, h, are raised and air admitted to the lower part of the
cylinder D. Upon the down stroke the air thus admitted passes
through the tubes E, E, and the valves e, e, into the upper part of the
cylinder C. On the next up stroke the air is forced through the
valves c to the lower part of the cylinder B, and on the next down
stroke the air is forced through the valve d to the out pipe G. When
the pistons make their first down stroke the inlet valve g is raised and
air passes to the upper part of the cylinder D. On the up stroke the air
thus admitted is forced through the valves finto the lower part of the
cylinder C. On the next down stroke the air passes through the tubes F
and valves b into the upper part of the cylinder B. On the next up
stroke the air is forced through the valve a to the outlet pipe G. Thus
the air is compressed from a cylinder of large diameter to one smaller,
and so on, until any required pressure may be obtained. The number of
cylinders may be increased as required.
Fig. 49 is a modification of the preceeding, in which the tube through
which the air passes from one cylinder to another are at the sides of the
cylinder, the pistons being connected to a common piston rod. The
operation is the same as has just been described, and require no further
description. Hand holes are provided for convenient access to the
valves. The cylinders may be connected by pipes and ordinary check
valves if prefered. The cylinders may also be separated so as to admit
stuffing boxes between them.
(Sheet 7) Instead of attaching the main steam valve to the supple-
mentary piston as before described it may be attached to a moving
supplementary cylinder, and its piston held stationary by rods attached
to its ends and made to press against the inner ends of the steam chest,
in this case the stationary supplementary piston is provided with a
supplementary valve for admitting and exhausting steam from the

page_text: supplementary cylinder too which the main valve is attached. This and
the other arrangement of valve may be constructed to work with
separate main steam and exhaust ports leading into the cylinder.

page_text: Figs. 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, and 63 (Sheet 8) represents another
modification of the improvement in which both the main and auxiliary
valves are plain slide valves. Fig. 57 is a longitudinal sectional
elevation of the valve arrangement and part of the main cylinder.
Fig. 58 is a transverse section of the same. Fig. 59 is a plan section
of the valve. Fig. 60 is a top view of the cylinder, showing the valve
seat and ports, and Figs. 61, 62, and 63 are different views of the main
and auxiliary valve. The manner of admitting steam to the auxiliary
cylinder of this arrangement for moving the main valve is similar to
the plan in my Patent dated 17th May, 1870, No. 1413.
The auxiliary cylinders E, E¹, are cast separate from the valve and
have a base which slides upon the valve seat between the D main slide
valves, which it moves by contact with it. The master or auxiliary
valve F is a flat slide, having a cylinder cast upon its back which works
upon a small piston F¹. Its seat is upon the base of the auxiliary
cylinders. The auxiliary and master valve pistons are stationary, their
stem abutting against the ends of the steam chest. The passages b, b',
are used to exhaust steam from the auxiliary cylinders only. High
steam to move them is admitted through the ports d, d, which are
opened and closed alternately by the motion of the base of the cylinders
between the D's of the main valve. The operation of all these
modifications are essentially similar. A lever is provided for moving the
valve as represented, the working of the valve will be fully understood
by the Drawings without further description.
A
Figs. 64, 65, and 66 (Sheet 8) is another modification of this arrange-
ment. The main slide valve is a double D valve. The auxiliary
cylinder E is stationary or cast to the top of the main cylinder.
piston valve G works within the auxiliary cylinder E and moves the
main slide valve by its stem D³ coming in contact with the main valve.
The piston valve G¹ has a little lost motion, just sufficient to open and
close the ports d and d', which admits steam steam to move the piston
valve G. The Drawings will further explain the working of this valve
arrangement.
Figs. 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, and 73 (Sheet 8) is another modification
of the improvement, having several peculiarities both of construction

page_text: and part of the main cylinder; Fig. 68 is a transverse section of the
same; Fig. 69 is a plan section of the valve; Fig. 70 is a top view of
the cylinder, showing the valve seat and port; Figs. 71, 72, and 73 are
different views of the main and auxiliary valves.
and
The initial movement is given to a double-headed piston valve F¹,
this starts the master valve F by contact with it until the ports n² and n²,
or h and n respectively are brought into communication, when steam is
admitted to finish its travel. The initial ports a, a¹¹, and a¹ and all, or a³
and a³ may be used. The latter are more direct, but cannot have the
second opening to keep the valve from fluttering. The valves, as well
as the main piston, are cushioned in the usual manner.
lever L is used as in previous modifications.
The hand
The operation is as follows:-As shown in the Drawings steam is
entering the main cylinder through passage A¹ upon the left, forcing
the main piston to the right. When piston B passes under and opens
port a or a³, steam passes through it and c' to the right of the
piston F¹, when steam is being exhausted from its left; then the pas-
sage e, which has been brought into communication with the exhaust f¹¹
by the previous motion of the main valve to the right. This piston Fl
therefore moves to the left, carrying with it the master valve F until
the ports h¹ and n' are brought into communication, when high steam
passes through them, and forces F to the left. Ports b', i, and g¹ are
then brought into communication, and steam is exhausted from the left
of the main piston valve D. At the same time b, i, and g are brought
into communication, and high steam passes to the right of the main piston
valve D. The valve therefore moves to the left, changing the com-
munication of the ports and so reversing the stroke of the main piston.
The exhaust from the master valve F takes place through the small
passage o and o¹.
The Drawings on Sheet 9 illustrates another modification of the valve
arrangements applied to compound engines. The manner of working
the valve in this case is similar to that represented in my Patent dated
September 15th, 1868, No. 2831. The main valve on the high-pressure
cylinder is cylindrical, and performing the functions of a piston at the

page_text: Fig. 74 is a longitudinal section through the valves of the high and
low pressure cylinders, and showing a portion of both cylinders.
Fig. 75 is a top view of the cylinders, showing the steam ports and
passages in the high pressure cylinder.
Fig. 76 is a transverse section of the valve on the high-pressure
cylinder.
Fig. 77 is a plan section of the steam chest main and auxiliary valves
on the high-pressure cylinder.
Fig. 78 is a top view of the steam chest, showing the position of the
lever for moving the auxiliary valve; and Fig. 79 is a bottom view of
the steam chest of the high-pressure cylinder, showing the ports corre-
sponding to them in the steam cylinder.
A is the high-pressure steam cylinder connected with the expanding
cylinder A, as represented in Figs. 74 and 75; B, B, are main pistons
attached to the same piston rod, extending through the expanding
cylinder for working a pump; C is the steam chest, which in this case
performs the function of an auxiliary cylinder; D is the main valve,
cylindrical in form, and serves as a piston for working the main steam
valve on the expanding cylinder A" through the medium of the rod d,
as represented. The main valve D on the high-pressure cylinder is pro-
vided with an auxiliary steam-moved valve F. The handle N and
lever L placed on the top of the steam chest in a horizontal position are
used for moving the auxiliary valve F when first starting the engine if
required through the medium of the pin K. In the said valve a space
is formed in the top of the steam chest for the lever L to work in, which
is enclosed by the cap C¹. The pipe B conducts the steam from the
high-pressure to the expanding cylinder, which may be connected with a
condenser if required.
The operation of the valve on the high-pressure cylinder is as
follows, the working of which also works the valve on the expanding
cylinder for receiving and exhausting the steam therefrom at the
proper time: The valve D being in the position shown in the Drawings,
steam enters the high-pressure cylinder through the passage A' upon
the left, forcing the main piston to the right. When the main piston
passes port a¹, steam from behind passes through a¹ and c¹ to the
right of the master valve F; at the same time steam is being exhausted

page_text: from its left through the passage e, which communicates with the main
exhaust (or when the valve is being worked in connection with the
compound engine, as in this case a separate exhaust f will be used for
the auxiliary valve F, brought out at the side of the steam chest, as
shown in Fig. 76), the auxiliary valve F therefore moves to the left,
and in so doing establishes communication between the passages f and b,
and between 2 and 6¹. Through the former of these steam is exhausted
from the left of the main piston valve D, and through the latter steam
is admitted to its right. The valve then moves to the left, changing the
communication of the ports, and so reversing the stroke of the main
piston. When the piston B passes a on its return stroke steam will
pass to the auxiliary valve and move it to the right, and the valve
operation will be repeated in a reverse order, and so on continually
while steam is supplied. S is the steam passage leading to the interior
of the main valve D, which is supplied with inlet and exhaust ports for
admitting and exhausting steam from the main high-pressure cylinder
as represented. The steam chest or auxiliary cylinder is supplied with
a steam jacket R around the greater part of its circumference for
uniformly heating it, to prevent the main auxiliary valve from sticking
when first starting the engine.
The Drawings on Sheet 9 are sufficiently comprehensive to understand
the working of the improvement without further description.
The Drawings on (Sheet 10) illustrate a compound engine, in which
a single steam chest and set of valves are used for both high and low
pressure cylinders. The valve motion is essentially the same as that
represented on Sheet 9 before described.
Fig. 84 is a longitudinal section through both cylinders and the valve
gear.
Fig. 85 is a plan of the cylinder, showing the position of the ports.
Fig. 86 is a plan section of the valve gear.
Fig. 87 is a transverse section through the centre of the valves and
low-pressure cylinder.
Fig. 88 is a transverse section through the valves and high-pressuro
cylinder.
Fig. 89 is a bottom view of the main valve.
Fig. 90 is a bottom view of the master or auxiliary valve.

page_text: A set of initial ports a, a¹, X, X¹, are shown in each cylinder. Either
set may be used as desired, those leading to the other cylinder being
closed by cocks, as shown in Fig. 84; S is the high admission
port is the exhaust port from the low-pressure cylinder to the
condenser. The main piston is cushioned in the usual manner by
overrunning its exhaust port. From the left of the cylinder it is started
on its stroke to the right by means of the small passage which leads
from the main steam passage A™ to the end of the cylinder. From the
right of the cylinder its piston is started to the left in the same manner,
but a valve is placed in the small passage, which keeps it closed while
steam is exhausting through A¹¹.
As before stated the valve motion is essentially the same as that
before described on Sheet 9. The valves are lengthened in order to
operate the ports of both cylinders. Two cavities C¹ and C are
necessary, and a long port P extends acroos the valve, in order to
exhaust steam from the right of the high-pressure cylinder to the left
of the low-pressure cylinder. The valves being lengthened a strait
finger L placed in a vertical position may be used to operate the valvo
by hand. The steam inlet port S, which is extended, as shown at s, so
that part of the steam admitted passes directly to either end of the high-
pressure cylinder, while the balance passes up and fills the steam chest.
A single rod is used for both pistons and may be packed in the usual
manner, or one rod may be used for the small piston and two additional
ones passing along side of the high-pressure cylinder may be used for
the low pressure piston. The steam cylinders may be steam jacketed in
the usual manner.
The operation of the engine is as follows:-The valves being in the
position shown steam enters the inlet port S, and passes through C¹
and A to the left of the high-pressure cylinder, forcing its piston to
the right, while steam is being exhausted from its right through the
passage A", P, and B¹¹¹, to the left of the low-pressure cylinder; at the
same time steam is being exhausted from the right of the low-pressure
cylinder through B, C, and C to the condenser. When the piston B
passes under and opens the port A, the cock having been turned to
close the initial ports leading to the low-pressure cylinder, steam from
behind it passes through a and c¹ to the right of the master valve F.
Steam passes from the left of this valve through the passage e and
port to the main exhaust; the valve F therefore moves to the left. In

page_text: so doing it establishes communication between ports b and f, by means
of which steam passes from the left of the main piston valve D to the
exhaust port f", and thence to the main exhaust. It also brings port d
and into communication, by means of which high steam passes to the
right of the main piston valve D; the valve therefore moves to the left,
changing the communication of all the ports. High steam is now
admitted through S, P, and A" to the right of the high-pressure cylinder,
and is being exhausted from the left through A", C, and B" to the left
of the low-pressure cylinder, while its exhaust is taking place through
B and C to the condenser; the piston therefore moves to the left.
When piston B passes port a steam passes through it and c to the left
of the master valve, forcing it to the right, and the same operations are
repeated, and so on continually while steam is supplied.
The Drawings on Sheet 11 show another modification of working the
valve in connection with compound engines, and is similar to the plan
shown in my Patents dated 15th September 1868, No. 2831, and
17th April 1873, No. 1387. The cylinders forming the compound
engine in this case are usually cast together end to end, and are a little
more than three times the length of the stroke of the piston. In reality
they are three cylinders cast in line, and each of the end cylinders
perform the function of high and low pressure engines by working the
steam expansively, while the central cylinder, which is smaller than the
end ones, perform the functions of a valve in connection with the central
portion of the piston, which piston is made a little more than twice the
length of its stroke, and made to fit the central cylinder. The main
steam valve is cylindrical and made to work in the piston, similar to the
plan represented in my Patent of the 15th September 1868. The centre
of the piston is made smaller than its ends to form an annulas space
around the small portion of the piston and inside ends of the two cylinders,
which annulas space serves as high-pressure cylinders, while the outer
ends of the cylinders as low-pressure or expanding cylinders, which
receives the steam from the annulas spaces or cylinders after doing its
duty. The Drawings on Sheet 11 illustrate this improvement.
Fig. 91 is a vertical longitudinal sectional elevation through the cylin-
der E, E, piston B, and valves C, C; and Fig. 92 represent a plan section
through the same part.
Fig. 93 is a transverse section through the centre or valve portion of
the main cylinder and the piston B, showing the inlet and exhaust steam

page_text: Fig. 95 is a face view of the double valve C, C.
Fig. 96 is a transverse section of one of the cylinders E¹, the piston B,
and valve C; and Fig. 97 is a plan of valve for admitting and exhausting
the steam from the high-pressure spaces D, D', by hand.
The following is a description of the working of the engine:―The
position of parts show the piston B moving to the left, the steam
entering through the passage A, and is distributed through the long
pocket A, Fig. 94, an open port a, Figs. 91 and 92, alway traveling
over this pocket A', which permits a constant supply of live steam to
the interior of the long piston B, and also to the interior of the cylinder
valve C. This valve is usually formed by casting two cylinders together,
closed at their outside end but open on the inside, and united together
by two bars, as represented in Fig. 95. In Figs. 91 and 92 the steam
is being admitted through the open port b in the valve, Fig. 95, through
passages b¹ into the high-pressure area D. At the same time the low-
pressure area E is in communication with the main exhaust pipe F
through the passage C in the piston, the pocket D in valve, Fig. 95, and
the passage e, which constantly travels open over the pocket F", which
opens into the exhaust pipe F. There is therefore the effective pressure
of the high-pressed steam upon the small area D to produce motion in
the piston B from right to left. The high-pressure area D', supposed to
have been already filled with live steam in the former stroke to move
the piston B from left to right, soon communicates with the low-pressure
area E through the passage 6", the valve pocket d, Figs. 95 and 96, and
the passage C¹. This will give an effective pressure of expanding steam
upon the difference between the high and low pressure areas.
When the valve C is moved to the right end of the piston the same
action, as before stated, takes place for admitting and exhausting steam
to reverse the motion of the piston from left to right. To reverse the
valve there are two pockets f,f¹, Fig. 94, cast in the cylinder which are
in constant communication through passage with the pocket F¹, thence
with the exhaust pipe F. On coinciding lines of travel with these
pockets are two ports g and g¹, Figs. 92 and 93, of which g¹ will coincide
with f. When the piston shall have completed its stroke from right to
left g¹ communicates through the passage b', Figs. 21 and 92, with the

page_text: cylinder G in which the valve works. The valve cylinder G¹, will
thus at the end of the stroke from right to left be placed in communi-
cation with the exhaust, allowing the free escape of any steam that may
be therein; simultaneous with the coincidence of the valve exhaust
ports g' and f¹ the opening of the valve steam port / to the other end G
of the valve chamber will become open to the live steam in the high-
pressed space D; this will supply live steam to the end G of the valve
chamber, causing a positive reversal of the position of the valve C.
This reverses the stroke of the piston, and a similar action will again
occur at the other end of the stroke. The left end of the valve C in
Fig. 92 is represented removed to fully show the steam ports.
H, in Figs. 97, 91, and 93 show a hand valve of the ordinary
circular D shape, by which the alternate admission and exhaustion of
steam from the high-pressure areas D and D¹ may be operated by hand
for giving motion to the piston.
Another part of my improvement or modification illustrated on
Sheet 12 and applicable to all sizes of direct-acting steam pumping
engines, but more particularly to the larger class, is an arrangement for
working the ordinary D steam slide valve by the longitudinal motion of
a steam moved piston. An initial vibatary motion is imparted to the
piston by means of levers, rods, and tappets worked from the main
piston or piston rod of the engine for admitting and exhausting steam
from the said piston cylinder for giving the piston the required motion
for moving the D valve. The steam chest is bolted to the cylinder,
having its longitudinal axis at right angles to the axis of the cylinder, so
that a longitudinal view of the former is a transverse view of the
latter.
Fig. 98 is a sectional view of the cylinder, steam chest, and valves
taken transversely of the former; Fig. 99 is a sectional view of the same
taken transversely of the chest.
Fig. 100 is a plan of the cylinder showing the valve seat face and the
position of the ports.
Fig. 101 is a side elevation of the engine showing the tappet arrange-
ment for giving the valves their initial movement.
Fig. 102 is a view of the bottom of the steam chest; and Fig. 103 is
a transverse section of the same.
Figs. 104, 105, and 106 are views of the main slide valve.

page_text: The main valve D is a plain slide valve having an additional cavity d
for a supplemental exhaust from the piston valve D¹. The piston
valve D' which carries the main valve D has two motions, one a
vibratry one imparted to it by the swinging tappet, and the other
by the direct action of steam upon its ends. The valve D' has a long
slot extending around it, in a helical or spiral shape, into which a stem
upon the back of the main valve D extends, consequently as the valve D'
rotates the valve D will be forced forward across the seat, as shown in
Fig. 99. The valve D is so guided that it cannot move sideways.
The tappet arrangement for rotating the valve D' is as follows:-The
arm K is firmly attached by a short arm to the main piston rod, as
shown in Fig. 101. A forked lever L swings upon a pivot in the steam
chest, and the arm K is attached to it through the slot 7, by means of
which slot greater or less motion may be given to the lever L. A stem
extends through the valve D¹ having bearings in the steam chest heads,
and taking hold of the piston valve by a dog-shaped arrangement, as in
Figs. 99 and 101. Too one end of this stem D" is firmly attached the
tappet M.
By means of the arm K. therefore the main piston rod gives
the lever La swinging motion so that its fork comes alternately in contact
with the tappet M, and thus cause the valve D¹ to vibrate. The motion
of the piston valve D' carries the main slide valve D just past the centre
of its travel, and its travel is completed by the end motion given the piston
valve D' by the direct action of the steam. This steam movement takes
place as follows:-Small holes are made in the ends of the piston
valve D' through which a supply of high steam is being constantly
admitted to either end of the valve. Two exhaust ports and are
brought into communication alternately with the corresponding ports a
and a¹ in the chest by means of the rotation of the valve, and steam is
thus exhausted from its ends. Supplemental exhaust ports c and c¹ in
the valve seat extend to either end of the valve D', and are brought into
the main exhaust by the cavity d in the main slide valve D. These
ports c and c¹ may be used to supply high steam to the piston valve D¹
by cutting ports through the plain part of the slide valve to admit steam
to them alternately, or cutting the valve away, so that steam may get
under the valves to these ports alternately.
Having thus described the nature of my improvements and manner
of constructing and working the same in their various modified forms,

page_text: 1rst (Sheet 1). The twisting bar I in combination with the arm J,
and the main piston or piston rod for imparting a twisting motion
to the main piston valve D for the purposes substantially as described.
2rd. The combination of the main valve D, auxiliary valve F, bar I,
arms J and h, and rod K, constructed and arranged for purposes
described.
3rd. The combination of the main valve D as constructed and the
cataract piston H, by means of which the valve is controlled in the
manner before described.
4th. The combination of the ports a, b, b, in the valve scat, and
ports A', A', B¹, in the valve, as shown, and for the purposes before
described.
5th (Sheet 2). The combination of the levers I, I', rock shaft L,
cam N, tappet K', arms K and M, main slide valve D, cap C¹, and
auxiliary valve F, constructed and arranged and operated in the manner
and for the purposes before described.
6th (Sheet 3). In Figs. 12, 13, and 14, the combination of the main
slide valve D, the piston valve D', shaft or spindle D" and d, and
auxiliary valve F for the purposes before described.
7th. In Figs. 16 and 17, the arrangements of ports as constructed and
combined for operating the valves of compound engines, as shown, and
before described.
8th. In Figs. 17, 18, and 19, the combination of the twisted bars I
and K, pinions M' and L', and rack N combined with the moving
cataract cylinder O, and arm J attached to the piston rod B for
working the main and auxiliary valves in the manner shown and before
described.
9th (Sheet 4). In Figs. 21, 22, and 23, the tappet pistons F, F, each
constructed with unequal areas in combination with the auxiliary
cylinder D, D¹, constructed and arranged to operate together in the
manner before described.
10th. The independent auxiliary cylinders E, E, having their outer
ends closed, and their inward ends united in the manner and for the
purposes before described.

page_text: 11th. The combination of the main slide valve and auxiliary
cylinders D, D', the auxiliary cylinders E, E¹, the small slide valve D",
and the tappet pistons F, F', constructed, arranged, and operated
substantially as shown and described.
12th (Sheet 5). Figs. 26 to 32 inclusive, the combination of two
steam engines and their valves by tubes T and cocks R, R', constructed
and arranged in such a manner that the engines are convertable from
independent acting to duplex, and vica versa, as before described.
13th. In Figs. 33 and 34, the independent valves r, r, or their
equivalent, combined, arranged, and worked in the manner before
described in connection with the cataract cylinder G, as represented and
for the
purpose before stated.
14th (Sheet 6). Figs. 35 to 42 inclusive, the combination of the main
slide valve D, the auxiliary cylinders E, E', the auxiliary valve F and
its cylinder, and the pistons E", E", constructed, arranged, and operated 1
substantially as shown and described.
15th. Figs. 43 to 46 inclusive, the combination of the main slide
valve D, the auxiliary piston valve D', the auxiliary cylinders E, E', and
the auxiliary valve F, constructed, arranged, and operated in the manner
described.
16th. In Figs. 47, 48, and 49, the combination of a series of air
compressing cylinders of different areas communicating with each
other, arranged, constructed, and operated substantially as shown and
described.
17th (Sheet 7). The combination of the main slide valve and auxiliary 2
cylinder D, the stationary auxiliary piston valve E, and the auxiliary
valve F, all placed within the steam chest O, and constructed, arranged,
and operated, substantially as shown and before described.
18th (Sheet 8). Figs. 57 to 63 inclusive, the combination of the main
slide valve D, the auxiliary cylinders E, E', the auxiliary valve F, and a
the stationary piston E", E, and F¹, constructed, arranged, and
operated, substantially as shown and before described.
19th. In Figs. 64, 65, and 66, the combination of the main slide
valve D, stationary auxiliary cylinder E, piston valve G, and the
auxiliary valve F, constructed and operated as shown and described.
3