Improvements in the Combination and Treatment of Certain Materials for the Production of Substances as a Substitute for India Rubber and Leather, and for other Substances and Purposes for which it may be applicable.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Sept., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 3rd June, 1891-Accepted, 3rd Dec., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Combination and Treatment of Certain
Materials for the Production of Substances as a Substitute for
India Rubber and Leather, and for other Substances and Purposes
for which it may be applicable.
I ALFRED ADDISON BLANDY M.D. of 58 Brook Street Grosvenor Square
London in the County of Middlesex do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
My present invention relates to improvements in the combination and treatment
of certain materials for the production of substances to be used as substitutes for
leather india rubber and other substances and for other purposes generally to which
it may be applicable and the object of my said invention is the production of a
substance composed of cheap and easily procured elements and which by the process
or processes and the combinations hereinafter described has many advantages as for
instance it is capable of taking the place and fulfilling the use of india rubber and
of leather in a variety of applications in a better and more economic manner than
any substitutes hitherto produced by others than myself.
Any of the "fixed" oils can be used but advantageously linseed oil is selected
and is reduced by various processes of oxidation to more or less of a solid elastic
and contractile condition; Trinidad asphalte cleaned from its impurities and reduced
to powder is combined under heat in the proportion or thereabouts of two parts of
oil to five parts of asphalte these proportions or thereabouts should be gradually
brought by heat and stirring to a liquid and equally thin state free from dross
lumps or sediment and when in this condition it must be poured upon a cold surface
(such as metal or stone and thus cast into sheets or other desired forms convenient
for the bsequent mixings with various gums and resinous substances as convenience
or reqments may indicate.
In this state the aforesaid mixture will be found to blend with any or all of its
kindred bitumens or hydro-carbons and particularly with india rubber and all similar
resins for example equal parts or thereabout of this mixture prepared as aforesaid
Mozambique rubber and sulphur and about one half of one part of lime properly
mixed and vulcanized (as hereinafter described) will produce an ebonite suitable
for cells vessels washers and for other uses where strong acids are not used unless
much diluted. By supplying the part of the lime with about one half of one part
of litharge and increase the sulphur by one quarter of one part an ebonite is made
that will stand practically almost any acid at natural temperature.
These equal parts or thereabouts of the first named mixture (of oil and asphalte)
crude rubber and sulphur-with the lime in the one case and with the increased
sulphur withdrawal of lime and substituting litharge in the other must be well
mixed and worked together by even speeded rollers (or other suitable appliances)
supplied with water to prevent the mixture of oil and asphalte adhering passing the
mixture (perhaps ten or twelve times) through said rollers to secure positive homo-
geneity; the sheet thus obtained must be placed either upon warm plates or in hot
air chambers or otherwise to thoroughly expel all moisture and when perfectly dry
the sheet will be found to bear the use of warm rollers when the sulphur lime
litharge or other compounds which may be used can be worked in and the mixture
is ready to be formed in any desired shape for the vulcanizing process when it must
be subjected to a heat of say 260° during one hour rising to 270° and kept at about
that temperature from one to four hours according to the degree of hardness or
flexibility required in such material.
Any degree of toughness or horny flexibility or a rigid metallic character can be

page_text: produced by the careful application of this limit of degree of heat within the one
and a half hours to five hours in time that is when the lime is retained in the
mixture but when this is withdrawn for the litharge the time must be doubled rising
from 270° in one hour to 275° and kept at that heat from eight to nine hours.
This is the use of erade Mozambique rubber applied to hard rubber and ebonite
substitutes in which is used pure and expensive rubbers only.
The next part of my present invention relates to the making of goods (hitherto
made of crude rubber) such as sheets, hose, imitation leather, washers, valves, tyres,
belts and the commoner goods in general and according to my invention all crude
rubber enu be and is by this process dispensed with entirely except in “proofing
when a mere shading of pure rubber spread over the cotton or other goods or fabric
employed acts as a cement for firmly attaching my compounds and such goods
together by this means making almost all kinds of waterproof cloth and canvas and
the finer substitute for upper leathers as used in bags and in boot and shoe manu-
facturing, also covers, aprons for carriages and similar goods-with this exception
no crude rubber is used.
For these purposes 1 use equal parts of the first named mixture (oil and asphalte)
and what is known as “vulcanized waste” with one quarter of one part of sulphur
mixed in the following manner, dissolve the one part of the said mixture in one and
a half part of coal naptha and when perfectly dissolved add the one part of waste
reduced to fine powder well mixing them all together and when completely
incorporated spread it out on drying plates or other Surface for about twelve hours
and until the naptha and all moisture has effectually evaporated it must then be
worked in cold rollers and the sulphur and other ingredients (if any-for color)
worked in until completely mixed when it can be run out into sheets by the
calendars and given such form as may be required for vulcanizing.
The time and the beat varies according to the quality of the article required but
as a general rule for articles such as tubes and cords one hour rising to 275° and
remaining at this heat for about two and a half hours; for articles such as valves
& leather goods une hour rising to 270° and remaining for about two and three
quarter hours but the foregoing combinations will be found to answer to the time
and heat used in vulcanizing almost all similar rubber compounds of morly every
description.
Dated this 2nd day at Santamban 1800
TONGUE & BIRKBECK,
34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Patentee.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Combination and Treatment of Certain
Materials for the Production of Substances as a Substitute for
India Rubber and Leather, and for other Substances and Purposes
for which it may be applicable.
ALFRED ADDISON BLANDY M.D. of 58 Brook Street Grosvenor Square
London in the County of Middlesex do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and 4
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My present invention relates to improvements in the combination and treatment
of certain materials for the production of substances to be used as substitutes for
leather india rubber and other substances and for other purposes generally to which
it may be applicable and the object of my said invention is the production of a 5
substance composed of cheap and easily procured elements and which by the
process or processes and the combinations hereinafter described has many advantages
us for instance it is capable of taking the place and fulfilling the use of india rubber

page_text: and of leather in a variety of applications in a better and more economic manner
than substitutes hitherto produced by others than myself.
Any of the fixed oils known as drying oils can be used but most advantageously
linseed oil from its abundance is selected olen ricini (castor oil) has many very
advantageous qualities, but its cost and scarcity are objections; the oil when selected
is reduced by any well known or suitable process of oxidation to more or less of a
solid elastic contractile condition. Ten per cent. of bisulphide of carbon to which
has been added ten per cent. of sulphur chloride (in about these proportions) is
mingled with the oil (either before or after oxidation but advantageously before
oxidation) and brought by gentle heating to the consistency desired.
Trinidad asphalt cleaned from its impurities and reduced to powder is combined
under heat in the proportion (or thereabouts) of three parts to one of the oil while
for finer goods or results the powdered asphalt should have one third part of
bisulphide of carbon mixture (as above described) also mixed with it before being
added or at the time of being added to the oil. Care should be taken not to subject
it to sufficient heat to ignite this inflammable ingredient.
These proportions or thereabouts should be gradually brought by heat and
stirring to a liquid and equally thin state free from dross lumps or sediment and
when in this condition it must be poured upon a wet cold surface (such as metal or
stone) and thus cast into sheets or other desired forms convenient for the subsequent
mixings with various gums and resinous substances as convenience or want may
indicate.
In this state the aforesaid mixture will be found to blend with any or all of its
kindred bitumens or hydro-carbons and particularly with india rubber and all
similar resins for example equal parts or thereabouts of this mixture prepared as
aforesaid Mozambique rubber and sulphur and about one half of one part of lime
properly mixed and vulcanized (as hereinafter described) will produce an ebonite
suitable for cells ressels washers and for other uses where strong acids are not used
unless diluted. By supplying the part of the lime with about one half of one part
of litharge and increase the sulphur by one quarter of one part, an ebonite is made
that will stand practically almost any acid at natural temperature.
These equal parts or thereabouts of the first named mixture (of oil and asphalt)
cruteubber and sulphur with the lime in the one case with the increased sulphur
withdrawal of lime and substituting litharge in the other-must be well mixed and
worked together by even speeded rollers (or other suitable appliances) supplied
with water to prevent the mixture of oil and asphalt adhering, passing the mixture
(perhaps ten or twelve times) through cold rollers to secure positive homogeneity;
the sheet thus obtained must be placed either upon warm plates or in hot air
chambers or otherwise to thoroughly expel all moisture and when perfectly dry the
sheet will be found to bear the use of warm rollers when the sulphur lime litharge
or other compounds which maybe used can be worked in and the mixture is ready
to be formed in any desired shape for the vulcanizing process when it must be
subjected to a heat of say 260° (Fahrenheit) during one hour rising to 270°
(Fahrenheit) and kept at about that temperature from one to four hours according
to the degree of hardness or flexibility required in such material.
Any degree of toughness or horny flexibility or a rigid metallic character can be
produced by the careful application of this limit of degree of heat within the one
and a half hours to five hours in time that is when the lime is retained in the mixture
but when this is withdrawn for the litharge the time must be doubled rising from
270° (Fahrenheit) in one hour to 275° (Fahrenheit) and kept at that heat from
eight to nine hours.
This is the use of crude Mozambique rubber applied as substitutes for hard
rubber and ebonite in the production of which pure and expensive rubbers only have
hitherto been used.
The next part of my present invention relates to the making of goods (hitherto
made of crude rubber) such as sheets, hose, imitation leather, washers, valves, tyres,
belts and the commoner goods in general and according to my invention all crude

page_text: rubber can be and is by this process dispensed with entirely except in "proofing
when suflicient pure rubber spread over the cotton or other goods or fabric employed
acts as a cement for firmly attaching any compounds and such goods together by
this means making almost all kinds of waterproof cloth and canvas and the finer
substitute for leather as used in bags and in boot and shoe manufacturing, also
covers, aprons for carriages and similar goods, with this exception no crude rubber
is used.
For these purposes. I use equal parts of the first named mixture (oil and asphalt)
and what is known as "vulcanized waste" with one quarter of one part of sulphur
mixed in the following mammer :--Dissolve the one part of the said mixture in one
and a half part of coal naphtha and when perfectly dissolved add the one part of
waste reduced to fine powder well mixing them all together and when completely
incorporated spread it out on dry ing plates or other surface for about twelve hours
and until the naphtha and all moisture as effectually evaporated it must then be
worked in cold rollers and the sulphur and other ingredients (if any-for colour)
worked in until completely mixed when it can be run out into sheets by the calender
and given such form as may be required for vulcanizing.
The time and the heat varies recording to the quality of the article required but
as a general rule for articles such as tubes and cords one nonr rising to 273
(Fahrenheit) and remaining at this heat for about two and a half hours; for articles
such as valves and leather goods one hour rising to 270 (Fahrenheit) and remaining
for about two and three quarter hours but the for going combinations will be found
to answer to the time and heat used in vulcanizing almost all similar rubber com-
pounds of nearly every description.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed 1 declare that what 1
claim is :-
1. The oxydising of any suitable drying oil to the solid elastic condition by means
of bisulphide of carbon and sulphur chloride and heat substantially as described.
Then the incorporation with the compound thus produced of Trinidad asphalt in the
proportion and in the manner substantially as described.
2. The combining the substance produced under the first claim hereof. We other
substances hereinbefore set forth and described or their equivalents-and the
process of such combination substantially in the mammer and for the purposes set
forth and described.
3. In the production of compounds or substanets as a substitute for india rubber
leather or for other purposes claim the compound or mixture consisting of the
combination of oxydised oil with bisulphide of carbon sulphur chloride and Trinidad
asphalt which mixture is afterwards treated and used substantially in the manner
and for the purposes hereinbefore set forth.
4. The production of new compounds or materials as substitutes for leather or
india rubber or for other purposes substantially in the manner and for the purposes
hereinbefore set forth.
Dated this 3rd day of June 1891
TONGUE & BIRKBECK,
34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Patentec.