matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IM- PROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH TRAMWAY RAILS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Edward Heathcote at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th January 1879.
ARTHUR EDWARD HEATHCOTE, of Portmadoc, in the County of Carnarvon.
"IM-
PROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH TRAMWAY RAILS."
The main objects of this Invention are by constructing a tramway rail in two
parts; to use a rail of the simplest form for rolling; to afford a firm and secure
junction with the chair, while readily admitting of tightening up if required; to
afford facility for reversing when worn, for reversing or renewing of the "tread"
part, which wears out the soonest, without necessarily reversing or renewing the
other or "guard" part of the rail, for breaking joint in the chair; for bending round
a curve, and when reversed because of wear, still remaining suitable for the curve if
regular; to do away with screws or bolts for fastening in or to the chairs; also in
some cases to dispense with continuous longitudinal sleepers and to prevent the
reversed face of rail form receiving downward pressure.
According to this Invention I make the tram rail in two parts, the "tread" part
whereon the tram wheel face rolls and the "guard" part in which space is allowed
for the wheel flange. The tread part is made to reverse, hence top and bottom faces
are alike. The guard part is also made to reverse, and with top and bottom face
alike; or it may be made non-reversible, as the wear is much heavier on the tread
part than on the guard part of rail.
I make the two parts of rail meet with vertical joint or faces.
1 form the outer side of the tread part with a flat or shallow V groove or other
approximate or other form longitudinally, and I form the corresponding cheek of
the chair to fit therein. I also form the outer side of the guard part with a similar
groove or other form of groove, and make the corresponding inner side of chair
cheek with a corresponding groove or other form of groove. In the intermediate
space I insert an iron or wooden wedge.
Or the wedge may be inserted on the tread rail side, in which case the chair is
formed the reverse way on the inside of the cheeks.
The weight of traffic on the tread rail by acting against the inner inclined face of
chair tends to press sideways against the guard part, thus jambing the whole rail
the tighter, and making the whole assist in bearing weight of traffic.
In the same
manner the pressure from the passing traffic (not from the tram car wheel) over
the guard part of rail would act upon the wedge, and thus press sideways against
tread part. In these cases there would be no pressure on bottom of rail, and the
71

page_text: depth of rail or tread part of same may be made such as to do away with continuous
longitudinal sleepers.
The wedge may be made to extend to the bottom of the chair on the tread or
guard-part side, in which case part of the pressure on such part of rail would come
directly on the bottom of chair.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRICYCLES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sandford Davis at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st June 1879.
Sandford Davis, of Brighton, in the County of Sussex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TRICYCLES."
The Invention consists in constructing a tricycle in such a manner that the
person driving it takes an upright or standing position instead of sitting, so that the
weight of the body can be made to fall wholly upon the feet. The person using
the tricycle stands upon two footboards or treadles placed between the two large
front wheels, and connected at their front ends with the lower ends of two con-
necting rods, the upper ends of which drive the crank shaft or driving axle. The
connection between the driving axle and the small hind wheel may be established
by a beam or beams or a frame, forming at its front end a bearing or bearings for
the driving axle, and at its back end the fulcrum for the fork or bearing which
carries the axle of the bind wheel. The two footboards or treadles which I prefer
to place quite near the ground may turn on an axle situated near the hind wheel,
and supported by the beam or an extension thereof. A handlo may be attached to
the front part of the beam, and the tricycle is made partly or entirely of metal.
•
IMPROVE- MENTS IN RECEPTACLES FOR HOLDING AND TRANSPORTING LIQUIDS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th May 1879. A communication
from abroad by Messieurs Brunnschweiler et Fils, of St. Gall, in the Republic
of Switzerland.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN RECEPTACLES FOR HOLDING AND TRANSPORTING LIQUIDS." A¸com-
munication from abroad by Messieurs Brunnschweiler et Fils, of St. Gall, in the
Republic of Switzerland.
The Invention has for its object the construction of a light and solid vessel fit
for holding and transporting liquids or other materials, and consists in constructing
sides, bottom, and top of the vessel of wood and paper, made watertight by steeping
it in paraffin, or by any other suitable means, the mantle being preferably cylin-
drical and of paper, and the top and bottom of wood. Also in the construction of
a bandle which at the same time serves as inlet or outlet for the liquid or other
material, and may either be used in combination with the above or applied to
ordinary vessels, the cover having two openings receiving two hollow plugs or two
tubes which form the two shanks or arms of the U or ☐ shaped handle, the bridge
or centre of the handle being formed either by the tubes or by a separate connecting
piece. The said perforated plugs are preferably made of wood, fitting tight into
the cover and secured by lateral pins; the canal or perforation may be closed at
the top by a small plug or pipe. The inlet and outlet may be provided with a
stopcock either inside or outside the vessel, and the tubes may be made to turn in
the said openings so as to form themselves the plugs of the stopcocks.
AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION OR MORDANT TO BE USED IN THE DYEING OF WOOL AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th June 1879. A communication
from abroad by Victor Ducancel, of Reims, France, Merchant.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION OR MORDANT TO
BE USED IN THE DYEING OF WOOL AND OTHER MATERIALS." [A communication
from abroad by Victor Ducancel, of Reims, France, Merchant.]
This Invention relates to a composition or mordant, by means of which the
dyeing of wool of all kinds, threads, and textile fabrics may be effected in one single
bath instead of employing several baths as heretofore. The said mordant is
economical in use, and is composed of the undermentioned ingredients, that is to
say:-
Sulphate of copper
Sulphate of iron-
Sulphuric acid 66°
White tartar
Alumina
Sulphate of soda
Chromate
4 parts:
4 parts.
-
2 parts.
-
3 parts.
-
1 part.
1 part.
Oxalic acid
->
1 part.
3 parts.
The composition thus obtained has the appearance of a paste of a greenish
colour.
I may modify the proportions above stated according to the requirements and to
the nature of the water to be used, and the sulphuric acid may be replaced by
muriatic acid, and the sulphate of iron by rust or pyrolignite of iron.
The said improved composition or mordant may be used for obtaining all colours,
amongst which the following may be named, that is to say :-
Dark blue, by adding to the bath some logwood, treated alone or with extracts of
indigo, or blue aniline products.
Black, by adding to the bath logwood, prepared alone or with any known
colouring substances, such as yellow wood, turmeric, yellow products known as
aniline or pieric acid.
Dark green, by adding to the bath logwood liquor, indigo extracts, and blue
aniline products, and any known yellow products above mentioned.
Chestnut colour, by adding to the bath logwood, indigo, and orchal.

page_text: The said improved mordant has the advantage that it partially conceals the flaws
in textile fabrics.
The said composition or mordant may be sold complete, or the ingredients may
be sold separately to prevent any danger or inconvenience which might occur in
transport or carriage.
By making use of the said improved composition or mordant the scouring or
process for getting rid of superfluous oil is not required.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED FOR PRODUCING THE ELECTRIC LIGHT
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Comings Thompson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th March 1879.
RICHARD COMINGS THOMPSON, of Herne Hill, in the County of Surrey. "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED FOR PRODUCING THE ELECTRIC LIGHT."
My Invention consists in the employment of carbon or other suitable material in
a pulverised or powdered state in lieu of the solid pencils or sticks of carbon as
ordinarily employed for the production of the electric light. The powdered sub-
stance is contained within tubes, which may be arranged and operated in any
convenient way, as now practised with solid sticks of carbon. These tubes are pre-
ferably made of solid carbon which would waste away or be consumed along with
the powdered material contained within them, in which case they would be fed up
or advanced towards one another as the carbon is consumed by any convenient and
well known form of regulator. Or the powdered substance may be fed through the
tubes at a different rate and by different means than that by which the tubular
carbons are operated. By giving the tubular carbons à suitable downward inclina-
tion towards one another the powdered substance may be made to flow down
through them in a continuous steady stream by gravity only.
Or the powdered
carbon may be fed to the point required by a screw conveyor, and instead of making
the tubes of carbon they may be made of metal or other material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESS HOLDERS OR SUSPENDERS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Richard Preedy at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th February 1879.
WILLIAM RICHARD PREEDY, of 57, Aldermanbury, in the City of London,
Merchant. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESS HOLDERS OR SUSPENDERS."
My Invention consists of improvements in ladies' dress holders or suspenders by
which the dress is effectually held and suspended with ease and grace, and creasing
prevented, besides being easily adjusted and very light and portable.
To carry out my improvements I make the joint of the dress holder or suspender
as follows:-
I halve the joint portion of one limb on to the other limb in a male and female
manner, the projecting portion of the male half thus serving the office of pin to the
joint.
The projecting male portion is made large in comparison with the joint so as to
admit of a suitable size hole being made in the former for attaching the holder to
the cord encircling the waist of the wearer. The limbs of the holder are brought
and held together by a sliding link in the usual manner.
The jaws of the limbs are faced with india rubber or other suitable material so as
to take a firm grip of the dress without injuring the same.
One great advantage of my Invention is that it is small and light instead of
being cumbersome and awkward, consequently a great improvement upon those at
present in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PEN HOLDERS."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th April 1879. A communication from
Michael Philipp Helmreich, of Nürnberg, in the Empire of Germany.
"
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Solicitors, at
Frankfort on the Main, in the Empire of Germany. IMPROVEMENTS IN PEN
HOLDERS." A communication from Michael Philipp Helmreich, of Nürnberg, in the
Empire of Germany.
The improvements consist in constructing a pen holder provided at its upper end
with an ink pot, closed by a lid screwed upon the ink pot and made tight by an
india rubber washer, the ink pot being attached to the holder and kept in position
by means of a spike, while the lower part of holder receives a double ended piece,
to one end of which or the pen holder proper pens may be attached in the ordinary
manner, the other end holding a piece of ink eraser or rubber.
IMPROVED INDICATOR BOLT OR FASTENING FOR DOORS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Cushing at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd August 1879.
" AN
EDWIN CUSHING, of St. John's Wood, in the County of Middlesex.
IMPROVED INDICATOR BOLT OR FASTENING FOR DOORS."
My Invention relates to an improved bolt and indicator for doors, especially those
of water closets, baths, dressing rooms, or boxes, and other private apartments.
It consists of a flat bolt or plate terminating in a nose that shoots in a corresponding
staple, the said bolt or plate being fitted to slide in dovetail guides in suitable
staples fixed to a base plate screwed to the inside of the door. The bolt or plate is
provided with a thumb piece or handle, and a spring mounted on one of the staples
presses on the plate to prevent it moving too freely, and falls in one of two holes or
notches in the plate, and holds it in the locked or unlocked position. The plate
bears a label which when the bolt is shot is visible at a corresponding aperture
made through the base plate and door to indicate to a person outside that the w.c.,
or other place is occupied, or that the tenant of the apartment does not wish to be
disturbed. When the bolt is drawn back the indicator label is concealed, and a
plain part of the plate only remains visible, or the latter may have an aperture corre-
sponding to that in the door, so as to admit of seeing into the w.c., or other
apartment when the bolt is drawn back.
MENTS IN BICYCLES."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Edwin Howard at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th April 1879.
RICHARD EDWIN HOWARD, of Beckenham, in the County of Kent.
MENTS IN BICYCLES."
"IMPROVE-
My Invention relates to improvements in the bearings of the back wheel of a
bicycle, whereby wear is easily and exactly compensated, and the bearing well
protected from dirt.
I propose to place upon the axle of the back wheel of the bicycle two double
coned pieces of metal in such a position that a vertical line drawn through the
centre of the hub will pass through the centre of these conical pieces, which are set
on the axle, so that they cannot rotate with the hub; the inner cone or inclined
plane of each piece will be in contact with the revolving hub, and the outer cone
with a cap passed over the axle, and secured by a feather or other device into the
hub, with which it will revolve; or I may screw this cap into the hub, and fix it
at the proper point by a screw or otherwise. I propose to make this cap so that
when put in position its inclined planes will be in contact with the outer cone of
the double coned piece, but so as to leave a space around the periphery and on the
outer side of the conical piece to admit of the cap being tightened up when required
to compensate for-wear; these spaces also forming lubricating chambers, fed by an
opening in the hub between the spokes; outside of this cap I propose to place a
washer, and outside of the washer a nut, which may be screwed along the axle
until the cap is suitably tightened on the conical piece; outside of this nut will
come the fork, and an outer nut or nuts will secure the whole, or I may use any
suitable device for securing the parts of my improved bearing in their proper
positions.
I may make the conical piece a single instead of a double cone, there being no
cone towards the cap, the inner face of which will be made to correspond with the
form given to the outer face of the conical piece, or I may make the cap and cone
in one.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHOES FOR HORSES AND OTHER BEASTS OF BURDEN.
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Ward, John Ward, and
William Ward at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th
December 1879.
HENRY WARD, JOHN WARD, and WILLIAM WARD, all of Leeds, in the County of
York. IMPROVEMENTS IN SHOES FOR HORSES AND OTHER BEASTS OF BURDEN.'
The chief object of our Invention is to obviate the taking off of shoes for the
purpose of "sharpening;" also constructing the shoe in such a manner that the
projecting parts on the body thereof, known as the heel pieces or "corkings" and
toebits or "spruna," may be readily renewed or taken away.
The body of the shoe is of ordinary construction; in it are provided at the toe
and heel thereof grooves in which can be slided a toe piece or projecting part in
front, and "spruns" or projecting parts at the heel; these grooves being cut
transversely enable the projecting pieces to resist any forward or backward strain.
The projecting pieces may be pointed or sharp on the edge when employed for
sharpening" purposes, or flat on the face in the manner of the ordinary projecting
parts.
AN IMPROVED STOVE
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Ribeauville at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th July 1879.
LOUIS RIBEAUVILLE, of St. Gilles, near Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium,.
Mechanic. "AN IMPROVED STOVE."
This Invention relates to stoves for warming, and is constructed to burn without
any chimney. It may be made square, round, oval, or any other convenient shape
or suitable material. It consists of a receptacle for the fuel resting on a grate and
standing upon a base, within which is the ash pan. Surrounding the fuel chamber
is a space enclosed by the outer case or jacket of the stove; this jacket is pierced
with apertures for the exit of warmed air to the outer atmosphere;
the upper
portion of the fuel chamber is made conical or reduced so that within the outer case
the intervening space between the upper part of the fuel chamber and the outer
case may be occupied by a water holder nearly surrounding the fuel holder; the
space not occupied by the water holder is left to form a duct by which the products
of combustion after passing up the reduced upper part of the fuel chamber, and
being turned down into the water of the water holder, descend and pass into the
ash pit to be again sent into the fire, and so continually circulate so long as the fire
remains. A double cover is provided to the stove, the inner one of which covers
the top of the fuel chamber, the water holder, and the aperture of the downward
duct; it is arched or concave so that the products of combustion impinging against
it are deflected into the water, and then escape by the duct as described, a portion
also of the heat is allowed to escape at the edge of the cover. The outer portion of
the cover fits the outer circumference of the outer case of the stove; a space between
the two covers forms a hot air chamber, the warmed air therein escaping by
perforations in the outer or upper cover. The ash pit is provided with a register
or regulator to control the admission of air for the combustion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO-DYNAMIC APPARATUS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Imray at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th February 1879. A communication from
abroad by François Joseph Endrés, of Paris, France, Civil Engineer.
JOHN IMRAY, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO-DYNAMIC APPARATUS." [A communication from abroad
by François Joseph Endrés, of Paris, France, Civil Engineer.]
An electro-magnet, as is well known, which possesses powerful attractive force
on an armature when it is very near its polar field, has that force greatly reduced
when the distance of the armature is increased by a very small amount, so that at
a moderate distance the attraction almost ceases. This Invention relates to means
of producing motive power by bringing a number of electro-magnets into successive
action on a moving armature, so that as the force of each on the armature decreases
owing to distance the force of the next in order shall act upon it. For this purpose
the electro-magnets and armature may be arranged in various ways so as to produce
rotary or reciprocating motion. A convenient arrangement for producing recipro-
cating motion is of the following kind:-A number of electro-magnets in the form
of rings or segments of rings are piled one upon the other with insulating material
interposed between them, and within them or in face of them is arranged a moving
armature like an iron piston. The first of the electro-magnets attracts the armature,
and having done so its electric current is interrupted, whilst that of the next
magnet in order is brought into circuit, and thus by making and breaking electrical
contacts for the successive magnets the armature piston is caused to move through
such length of stroke as may be desired. When it has reached the end of its
stroke the magnets being excited in reverse order cause the armature piston to make
its back stroke. The armature piston thus caused to reciprocate is connected to a
crank in the ordinary way, and on the shaft of this crank there are suitable cams
or eccentrics for making and breaking the successive contacts. In order to make
the electro-magnets susceptible of being rapidly excited and rendered quiescent as
the armature approaches and passes them they are preferably made of numerous
wires, thin plates, or laminae of soft iron united together and wound in the usual
way with coils of insulated wire. By arranging them in a circle instead of recti-
lineally, the armature may be caused to revolve in face of them in a circular path,
thus giving motion to a rotating shaft.
PROVED APPLIANCE FOR CLEANING AND DRYING PIPES USED FOR SMOKING."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Dickens at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 31st May 1879.
"AN IM-
CHARLES DICKENS, of 76, Chancery Lane, in the City of London.
PROVED APPLIANCE FOR CLEANING AND DRYING PIPES USED FOR SMOKING."
The improved appliance which forms the subject matter of this application for
Patent is constructed as follows:-
The lower part of the appliance is composed of cork or other suitable partly
yielding material, and is cone shaped, so as to enable it the more readily to fit into
the bowl of a pipe, whilst the upper part is cylindrical, and is by preference composed
of tin, brass, or other suitable metal or material. A tube or pipe passes through
the whole length of the cone shaped portion, the upper end of the said tube or pipe
projecting slightly above the bottom of the cylindrical upper portion, whilst the
lower end of the said tube or pipe may project slightly below the bottom of the
cone shaped piece.
The upper cylindrical portion is closed at top by a cap which may be provided
with a spring or other suitable fastening.
In action the cap is opened and a number of fusee ends, or any suitable prepara-
tion of nitre, or chlorate of potash, or gun cotton, or paper is placed in the
cylindrical body of the appliance and exploded.
The smoke or vapour from the fusee ends or other suitable cleansing medium
finding no exit at the top, owing to the cap being closed, is driven downwards and
through the stem of the pipe, cleansing and drying the bowl and stem in its
passage through them.
A NEW PROCESS FOR IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF ALCOHOLIC OR SPIRITUOUS LIQUIDS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th June 1879. A communication
from abroad by Adrien Ralu, junior, of Paris, France.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "A NEW PROCESS FOR IMPROVING THE QUALITY
OF ALCOHOLIC OR SPIRITUOUS LIQUIDS" [A communication from abroad by
Adrien Ralu, junior, of Paris, France.]
This Invention relates to the utilization of cocoa for improving the quality of
brandy and other alcoholic or spirituous liquids.
The said Invention has for its object the destruction in alcohol, and chiefly in the
low priced or inferior qualities of the same, of a sour and irritating element or
property which is the cause of delirium tremens and all nervous maladies which
effect drinkers. I obtain this result by subjecting the alcohol to the action of
сосов,
Alcohol in combining with the cocoa dissolves fatty emulsive matter which exists
in the cocoa beans or berries in a very large proportion, and from this combination
arises a condition which ensures the destruction of empyreumatic acrimony, leaving
the alcohol with a fresh and very sweet flavour, and a characteristic garnet tint or
colour.
---
On this principle is based the following process whereby the object of my said
Invention is accomplished. I take any suitable quantity of cocoa beans or berries,
and pulverize them after carefully removing the skin or pelicle; then, when they
have been thoroughly reduced to paste, I mix the same with the alcoholic liquid to
be improved in the proportion of about 50 grammes of the paste to each litre of
alcohol, but this proportion must be varied according to the inferiority of the
quality of the alcohol. The worse the quality of the latter with regard to the
empyreumatic flavour the greater must be the quantity of cocoa. I may in some
cases use as much as 150 grammes for each litre of alcohol.
This being done I shake or agitate the cask or vessel containing the liquid, and.
then leave the same at rest. At the end of about four days I draw off a small
quantity; if I find a whitish greasy froth in the alcohol it indicates that the com-
bination is not perfectly effected. I therefore leave the contents of the cask to
macerate during about fifteen days. Then I decant the liquid through a bag or filter,
and the cocos that remains in the cask is collected for other uses.
A. NEW OR IMPROVED TOY WHEREIN FIGURES ARE MOVED BY MEANS OF MAGNETS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th September 1879. A
' communication by Heinrich Kamprath, of Leipzig, in the German Empire.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W. von
Nawrocki, Patent Agents, of No. 124, Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, in the German Empire.
A. NEW OR IMPROVED TOY WHEREIN FIGURES ARE MOVED BY MEANS OF
MAGNETS." [A communication by Heinrich Kamprath, of Leipzig, in the German
Empire.]
According to this Invention a casing of any suitable form has mounted within it
an axis or disc carrying magnets, which disc can be turned by an external winch
handle connected to it by friction or other gearing. On the upper face of the
casing, which may be of paper, parchment, or any non-magnetic material such as
smooth brass plate, are placed light figures, such as those of men or animals, having
smooth bases so that they can slide freely on the surface of the casing, and
containing each a piece of iron. As the magnets within the casing are moved, the
figures in obedience to the attraction which the magnets exercise on the iron which
they contain, also move along the surface. In this manner figures of horses may be
made to move in circular paths as in a race, also by varying the movements of the
magnets figures of men or animals may be made to move about in various directions,
and there may be on the surface of the casing models of houses or other structures
into or out of which such figures may be caused to move. The surface of the
casing may be horizontal, vertical, inclined, or even inverted, the figures as they
move being held on it by the attraction of the magnets within.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING A MIXTURE OF AIR AND WATER SPRAY, AND FOR SUPPLYING THE SAME TO FURNACES FOR COMBUSTION
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Fletcher at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th November 1879. A communication
from abroad by Milton W. Hazleton, of Chicago, Cook's County, State of
Illinois, United States of America.
JOHN FLETCHER, of No. 20, St. Paul's Churchyard, in the City of London.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING A MIXTURE OF AIR AND WATER
SPRAY, AND FOR SUPPLYING THE SAME TO FURNACES FOR COMBUSTION." [A com-
munication from abroad by Milton W. Hazleton, of Chicago, Cook's County, State
of Illinois, United States of America.]
According to the present Invention a rotary fan or blower of any suitable known
construction has at one or more points of the periphery of its casing a finely
perforated pipe, through which water is caused to flow in a number of small jets
into the casing, so that the rapidly revolving blades coming in contact with such
jets reduce them to a state of exceedingly fine spray, and at the same time mix
this intimately with the air entering through one or more openings in the casing.
This admixture of air and water spray passes from the fan into a closed chamber
beneath the grate of the furnace where the combustion is to be carried on, such
grate consisting of a number of small steps, by preference, slightly inclined, each of
which has a row of holes in its upright part communicating with the closed
chamber below. Thus the mixture of air and fine water spray is made to pass
from the said chamber through such holes in the form of small jets in amongst the
burning fuel, where the particles of water by reason of their fine state of subdivision
and admixture with the air are readily decomposed by the heat, and the resulting
gases burnt.
By means of this Invention any common description of fuel, such as slack or
small coal, which cannot be used in furnaces of ordinary construction may be
advantageously and effectually employed. The above described steps forming the
grate may be made as separate bars, so as to be capable of removal in case of their
becoming defective; they are, by preference, sloped off to a wedge shape on their
underside, so as to form together a continuous inclined surface on the underside.
AN IMPROVED MOTOR OR APPARATUS FOR STORING AND DELIVERING OR COMMUNICATING POWER FOR MECHANICAL PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Harris Lake at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th September 1879. A communication
from abroad by Joseph Plattenburg, of Allegheny, Pennsylvania, United States
of America.
HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake; & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "AN IMPROVED MOTOR OR APPARATUS FOR
STORING AND DELIVERING OR COMMUNICATING POWER FOR MECHANICAL
PURPOSES." [A communication from abroad by Joseph Plattenburg, of Allegheny,
Pennsylvania, United States of America.]
My Invention relates to apparatus in which the power exerted and applied in
stretching an india rubber belt is stored up by means of the tension of the belt, and
kept in reserve to be thereafter converted into motion at such time and under such
conditions as may be desired for pumping water, driving, sewing, or other machines
or operating light machinery of any description.
It consists in a combination of mechanical devices whereby a belt of vulcanized
india rubber of suitable size and elastic strength may be stretched by hand power
and wound in its stretched condition upon a revolving drum, so constructed and
mounted upon a suitable shaft as that the elastic force and tension of the stretched
rubber belt shall, when released from its confining devices be exerted to produce a
revolution of the drum and shaft and to drive such machinery as may be connected
therewith.
The power developed by the tension of the elastic belt, which is transmitted
therefrom to the drum and shaft and thence to the subject machine, is regulated
and controlled by means of a swinging lever which forms in effect a weighted
pendulum to be vibrated mediately or immediately by the revolution of the
driving shaft.
The tension at which the belt is wound upon the drum is regulated by means of
pressure rollers between which the belt is passed before it reaches the drum; the
degree of pressure of the rollers upon the belt being adjusted at the pleasure of the
operator by means of a lever arranged for the purpose.
The power developed by the apparatus will be in proportion to the size of the
belt and the extent to which it is stretched. By varying the size and tension of the
belt and the details in construction of this apparatus it may be adapted to all
classes of work produced by machinery.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CIGARETTES AND CIGARETTE PAPERS FOR ENVELOPING TOBACCOES FOR MAKING CIGARETTES AND WATERPROOFING TUBES TO INTRODUCE INTO THE LIPS FOR SMOKING PURPOSES OR OTHERWISE
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Mortimer Job at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th October 1879.
ALFRED MORTIMER JOB, of No. 46, Cannon Street, City of London, Merchant.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CIGARETTES AND CIGARETTE PAPERS FOR ENVELOPING
TOBACCOES FOR MAKING CIGARETTES AND WATERPROOFING TUBES TO INTRODUCE
INTO THE LIPS FOR SMOKING PURPOSES OR OTHERWISE."
The waterproofing paper with any hard waterproofing gums free from grease or
wax for the purpose of making cigarettes, waterproofing wooden or other smoking
tubes to introduce into the lips of the mouth of the smoker or user for smoking or
otherwise. This I do by dissolving and using any tasteless waterproofing gums
and saturating the papers to be used or mouth pieces as before described; the gums
I select or prefer are gum amber, gum M. Corteauch, or india rubber, gutta percha,
shellac, or any other hard and soluble gum, as the market may suit, and suitable
for my purpose. And I claim the foregoing as my Invention or application for
such purposes before described not being an infringement of the Patent taken out
by Joseph Schloes, 1874, and Numbered 2308.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR OPENING BOTTLES CLOSED BY INTERNAL STOPPERS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Coxon Wilkinson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th November 1879.
THOMAS COXON WILKINSON, of Ashford, in the County of Kent, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR OPENING BOTTLES
CLOSED BY INTERNAL STOPPERS."
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of apparatus to be
employed for the purpose of opening bottles containing aërated liquids when the
same are closed by means of stoppers placed within them, the said stoppers being
kept in position by the gas contained in the liquid. By the employment of the
improved apparatus forming the subject of this Invention the liability of injuring
the hand by the breaking of the bottles, as is frequently the case when the
ordinary methods and apparatus for opening them are employed, is entirely avoided.
Two small levers constructed of brass, iron, steel, or other suitable metal, are
pivoted together near one end, and the short arm of the lower lever is forked or
otherwise suitably shaped for compassing the neck of the bottle, the corresponding
end of the other lever being bent down at a right angle, or nearly so, to the main
portion thereof. The opposite arms of the levers may either be formed straight or
they may have loops therein for the purpose of facilitating the manipulation thereof.
A spring is in some cases, placed between the long arms of the levers.
When it is desired to open a bottle, the forked end of the lower lever is caused to
compass the neck of the same, thus holding the bottle firmly in position, the bent
end of the other lever is then placed into position over the exposed part of the
stopper and is caused to force the latter into the bottle by pressing the long arms of
the levers towards each other with the hand, thus the necessity for holding the
bottle in the hand whilst it is being opened is obviated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FLAT OR SMOOTHING IRONS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Clayton Mewburn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th March 1879. A. communication
froin abroad by Antoine Fayet, of Paris, France.
JOHN CLAYTON MEWBURN, of 169, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent and Consulting Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FLAT OR SMOOTHING IRONS."
[A communication from abroad by Antoine Fayet, of Paris, France.]
This Invention has reference to flat or smoothing irons which are heated inter-
nally, and its object is chiefly to make such irons of a size not exceeding that of an
ordinary flat iron, and at only a slight increase of expence.
The body of the improved iron is composed of a hollow box of the usual ogival
form. This box contains the live coal or fuel for heating the iron. The fuel rests
partly on the bottom of the box and partly on a piece within the box, the said piece
constituting a sort of fire dog, and being of anddle form. This piece is movable, and
has lugs which fit into grooves between the back of the box and ribs cast on the
sides, and it has a handle for lifting it. The rear of the saddle-shaped piece, which
is its highest and widest part, bears against the flat end of the box, in which two
holes (more or less) are formed. These holes are for the admission of air to support
combustion, and are fitted with a valve or shutter, which can be rotated so as to
close the holes to any required extent and regulate the draft. The box is closed at
the top by a lid consisting of an ogival plate, on which are cast at one end a hollow
spout-shaped piece, and at the other end a vertical arm. The spout shaped piece
serves as a chimney for the escape of the products of combustion, and between it
and the vertical arm is fitted the spindle which carries the handle of the iron.
The plate fits on the box by means of a projection on the latter engaging in a
In front the
hole at the back of the plate, the parts being secured by a pin or key.
edges are chamfered to engage in corresponding chamfers of the box.
The handle of the box may be protected from the heat given off by the top plate
by means of a guard attached to the spindle of the handle.
When fuel is to be put into the iron the lid is temporarily removed.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO THE PREVENTION OF FRAUD IN THE COLLECTION OF FARES OR OTHER AMOUNTS IN PUBLIC VEHICLES, BOATS, OR FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSE, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Alexander Maynard at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st October 1879.
CHARLES ALEXANDER MAYNARD, of 27, Clements Lane, in the City of London.
"IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO THE PREVENTION OF FRAUD IN THE COLLECTION OF
FARES OR OTHER AMOUNTS IN PUBLIC VEHICLES, BOATS, OR FOR OTHER LIKE
PURPOSE, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH."
The apparatus which I employ in carrying out my Invention consists, first, of a
box varying in size and shape according to the purpose for which it is to be used,
and, secondly, of the particular mode of dealing with the tickets deposited in
the box.
The interior of the box is divided into 2, 3, or more compartments according to
circumstances, by means of partitions which reach from top to bottom. Each of
these compartments is provided with its own lid, the whole being so contrived that
only one compartment can be open at any given moment, and that it is impossible
to open one without closing another.
The lid of the box consists of a series of slides, one less in number than the
partitions contained in the box to which it is applied. The slides all move in two
parallel grooves provided with ratchets, and which are worked into the sides of the
box which is to be protected. The slides themselves are provided with a pawl or
catches that work in the ratchets. The box to which the "detector lid" is applied
has at one end or side a movable stop which prevents the surreptitious removal of
the lid.
By this arrangement and the disposal of the tickets in the several compartments
in a graduated order, an absolute check is obtained over both the number of tickets
issued and the amount paid for each.
The box is provided with a lock and sealed by the controlling official.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING FOOD AND IN THE APPARATUS FOR THAT PUR- POSE.
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Morgan Brown at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd January 1879. A
communication from abroad by L. Guerette and Company, of the City of
Brussels, Belgium.
WILLIAM MORGAN BROWN, of the Firm of Brandon and Morgan Brown, Engineers
and Patent Agents, of 38, Southampton Buildings, London, and 1, Rue Laffitte, Paris.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING FOOD AND IN THE APPARATUS FOR THAT PUR-
POSE. [A communication from abroad by L. Guerette and Company, of the City
of Brussels, Belgium.]
"
These improvements consist in placing the food to be preserved in a closed vessel,
leaving a certain space between each object, and in burning in the said vessel fibrous
material saturated in purified sulphur, leaving an exit for the air during the com-
mencement of said consumption of the sulphur. Meat or other similar animal food
exposed to such fumes during twelve hours will remain sweet and fresh for a fort-
night, and by prolonging its subjection to the said fumes it can be preserved for
still longer periods.
The apparatus I prefer using for this purpose and for domestic uses is a box of
wood lined with zinc; it is closed at the top with a metallic cover scaled by a
hydraulic joint, in which cover is placed a cock for the exit of the air at the com-
mencement of the operation. Within this apparatus is placed horizontally one or
more metallic rods from which the meat or other food is suspended, as well as a
wick of fibrous material saturated with purified sulphur, a small dish being attached
to the suspending rod of the sulphured wick to collect such sulphur as may fuse and
fall therefrom. For industrial purposes the apparatus is constructed of brick or
other similar and appropriate material cemented air tight inside, and provided
above with a cover having a hydraulic joint, and a blow off cock within is placed
conjointly with the rods and hooks for suspending the animal matter open-work
shelves and tables on which it may be laid.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN VELOCIPEDE LAMPS, AND IN THE MEANS OF ATTACHING SUCH LAMPS TO VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Beverley Cooper at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th April 1879.
GEORGE BEVERLEY COOPER, of Stroud, in the County of Gloucester. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN VELOCIPEDE LAMPS, AND IN THE MEANS OF ATTACHING SUCH LAMPS
TO VELOCIPEDES."
F
This Invention has reference to an improved lamp for velocipedes, and the means
of attaching such lamps to velocipedes. Owing to the inequalities of road-surfaces
much inconvenience is at present caused by reason of the lamps being extinguished
through the jolting of velocipedes, but by the use of my improved lamp this incon-
venience is obviated. I fix two tubes of metal or other suitable material inside the
lamp, one on either side, which are carried through holes in the top, and fixed to
the under side of the cover of the lamp. Each tube contains a spiral spring, which
will vary in strength according to the weight of the lamp, and is fixed by a pin or
other suitable means at the bottom of the tube, and may when fully contracted
extend upwards about half-way or thereabouts. To the upper end of each of these
springs I attach a metal rod, each of which passes perpendicularly through a hole
in the cover of the lamp, and are connected above the cover by a horizontal rod or
bar of suitable dimensions. The lamp may be attached to the axle of the wheel
by means of a hinged or jointed metal clamp attached to the horizontal rod or bar.
The hinged clamp is secured by a spring catch or otherwise. In order to prevent
the lamp slipping to one side or the other into the spokes when the wheel is out of
the perpendicular I attach an adjustable bent arm to the top end of each of the
perpendicular rods before mentioned. Each arm is screwed the required distance
into the outer sides of the perpendicular rods. By the employment of a bracket,
and a slight modification of the attachment of the above, the lamp may be placed
at the head or other part of the velocipede.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COVERING ROLLERS USED IN SPINNING AND PREPARING MACHINERY
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Frederick Dawson and John
Smith at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th August 1879.
GEORGE FREDERICK DAWSON, of Bradford, in the County of York, Worsted
Spinner, and JOHN SMITH, of Bradford aforesaid, Mechanic. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
COVERING ROLLERS USED IN SPINNING AND PREPARING MACHINERY."
The object of our Invention is to cover the front top rollers used in spinning
and preparing machines, in such a manner that when the rollers are worn or
damaged on the circumference by the accumulation of waste or from any other
cause, the rollers can be trued up and rendered suitable for further use.
We accomplish our object in the following manner :-On to the arbors or axis
we mount two iron rollers having a flange formed on side of each roller, and a loose
flange secured on the other side by means of screws. Between these flanges we place
a collar or ring of "papier mache" having grooves formed in the same which pass
over bosses, into which the screws for holding the loose flanges are inserted; or in
place of the above we can substitute cotton or other fabrics built in layers and
pressed between the flanges of the rollers. The loose flanges are then screwed
tight and the papier mache or fabric covering trued up on the circumference, the
rollers are then ready for use without having to stand for a time to season, as is
the case when the rollers are covered with leather as hitherto.
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR FIXING TUBES IN TUBE PLATES, AND FOR REMOVING THE TUBES SO FIXED
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hermann Koettgen at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th April 1879.
HERMANN KOETTGEN, of Bergisch Gladbach, in the German Empire. "IMPROVED
MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR FIXING TUBES IN TUBE PLATES, AND FOR REMOVING
THE TUBES SO FIXED."
According to my present Invention I secure tubes, such as are used for steam boilers
and other purposes, in their tube plates as follows:-The tubes are made of such a
length as to project with their ends somewhat through the holes in the tube plates,
the holes being made somewhat larger in diameter than the tubes, and both being
by preference tapered so as to form a tapering annular space all round between them.
Into the outer wider end of this annular hole is placed the thin end of a tapering
ring or ferrule of soft metal, and this is then driven tightly home into the annular
hole so as to form a fluid tight joint, such driving in being by preference effected as
follows:-The ferrule has near its outer end a projecting shoulder against which is
made to bear the projecting rim of a washer having a central hole through which
is passed a rod extending right through the tube. Assuming the soft metal ferrules
and washers to have been fitted to each end of the tube, screw nuts are screwed on
to each end of the said rod, so that on screwing up these nuts the washers are made
to force the ferrules tightly into the annular holes, after which the nuts are
unscrewed and the washers and rod removed. For removing the tubes so fixed, the
screwed rod is again passed through the tube, and upon its one end is fitted a
washer of such a diameter as to bear only against the end surface of the tube, while
over the other end of the tube is fitted a recessed washer or bridge piece so formed
that it only bears against the tube plate surrounding the tube, leaving a certain
space between the end of the tube and the inner surface of the washer or bridge
piece. Then on screwing up the nuts on the ends of the rod the tube will be drawn
outwards at that end where the recessed washer or bridge piece is situated.