IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SAWS AND OTHER ARTICLES OF STEEL, OR STEEL AND IRON, AND) IN APPARATUS THERIFOR A cominum
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, &
Co, Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SAWS AND OTHER ARTICLES OF STEEL,
OR STEEL AND IRON, AND) IN APPARATUS THERIFOR A cominumication
from abroad by George F Simonds, of Fitchbuig, Massachusetts, United States
of America
Sealed the 28th March 1877, and dated the 7th February 1877.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Cominissioners of Patents on the 7th February 1877
"
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Fum of Haseltine, Lake, & Co, Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SAWS
AND OTHER ARTICLES OF STFLL, OR STEEL AND IRON, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
A communication fiom abroad by George F Simonds, of Fitchburg, Massachusetts,
United States of America
This Invention relates to hardening, tempering, and bringing to then ultimate
forms articles of steel or of steel and non combined, and consists in the process
and in the combination of devices herem-after described, and in the production of
saws tempered and straightened or brought to then ultimate form without the
usual process of hammering, and free from the 1egular strain of hammered saws
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a tempering oven with these improvements
attached to the same
Figure 2 is a longitudinal section on the line y, y, Figure 4
Figure 3 is a vertical cross section on the line 2, 2, Figure 4
Figure 4 is a lionizontal section on the line x, x, Figure 2
Figure 5 represents the rear of one of the formers herein-after described
A, A, are the walls of an oven, B 18 the 100f, C, the fire-box, and D, the tem-
pering and forming chamber Above the fire-box is placed the heat distributor a
shaped in cross section, as shown in Figure 2, to equally distribute the heat in its
passage to the tempering and forming chamber The flat fireproof tile heretofole
used for this purpose, if not set with great precision horizontally, was hable to
Ponce B1

page_text: distribute the heat unequally to the sides of the forming chamber, and thus defeat
the object sought to be accomplished by an oven distribution of heat To overcome
this difficulty I form the distributo a as shown, the lower point being placed longi-
tudinally exactly over the centre of the fuc-box C This form of distributor has
been proved by experiment to be very advantageous The said distributor 15 mado
of equal width with the forming chamber, and vertical flues a, a, extend out-
side and to the top of the chamber to allow the free passage of the heat around all
parts of the chamber, the said flues being regulated by the dampers 2, 2
The tempering oven I make in any desnable manner The formers me suspended
in the chamber, as shown in Figure 2, by means of revolving shafts b, b¹, provided
with suitable beaungs in the framework E, E The outer ends of those shafts are pio-
vided with sciews ff, by which they can be moved longitudinally, and the formers
can be closed or opened with the tempering chamber By means of the wheel F
the shaft binny be easily revolved, and when the formers are brought in contact o
closed on an article to be tempered it is ovident that the shaft will also be caused
to evolvo with the shaft b, and the two formes muy bo revolved within the
chamber D This revolution of the former, may become desuable, in order to
secure more certainly a uniform temperature
The chief purpose of this construction is to place the article to be tempered and
formed entirely out of the reach of any draught, and thus secure an evenness of
heat essential to succesY The heat in the surrounding chamber may be readily
regulated or duected from one portion of the chamber 1 to another by means of
the dampers 2, 2, and flues a¹, a
C
By means of the flues and dampers arranged to completely control the heat in
its passage to and around the tempering oven I am enabled to throw the heat to
the centic of the oven or to the outer cilge, or to any desed part of the saw, and
thus adjust at please the exact tempering of its different portions This process
of adjusting the "fast" and "loose' is an essential part of the present Invention
If an uneven stiam is desired between the centic and periphery, that is, if foi
any reason it is desirable to have the saw "loose" in the contre o "loose' between
the centre and perphery, I accomplish it, and yet leave the saw on any given
circle uniform in its tension, which result cannot be accomplished with a hammered
saw
When the saw or other article to be tempered and brought to its ultimate form
has been properly hardened it is placed between the formers c, c, the door is
closed, and the auticle is secured in position by the gradual movement of the
screws ff until the pressure is sufficient to buing the piece to the desued form,
where it is held subjected to the perfectly uniform and desued amount of heat until
the article takes a permanent set to the required form, when it can be removed to
make place for another
The
The formers c, c, ae of a novel construction, as shewn in Figures 3 and 5
face of the formers, instead of being a smooth flat surface, is grooved in such a
manner as to divide it up into numerous small surfaces resembling somewhat the
face of a waffle iron Behind this face I place a series of radial bs k to strengthen
and support the same, and the formers are perforated thickly with sunall holes 3,
while then flanges are slotted at 4 to permit a fice passage for the heat to all parts
of the formers, and secure a more oven temperature
For further ensuring a perfectly uniform temperature in the tempering and
forming oven I combine with it the use of the blower P at the junction of the two
au passages P, P These passages lead into the oven, and by means of the blower a
current may be produced through the passages, which will tend to secuic a uniform
temperature inside the oven D
16 is evident that the blower can be placed in a vauety of positions to effect the
same result, therefore I do not lumut myself to the position of the blower as slown
in the Diawing
The main object of this Invention is the production of a perfect saw without
hammering

page_text: #
In this manufacture it is not only necessary that the articles should be straightened
or brought to then ultimate form, but also that the strain or tension of the steel
should be properly adjusted, as a saw brought to a perfect plane or other desued
form will not work satisfactorily if the strain or tension is irregular or impioper
This difficulty has to some extent been overcome in the hammering process by
pening" or drawing those parts that aro' fast" (which among saw makers signifies
too small) to conform to the parts that are "looso" (or too laige), but it being an
impossibility to "pene 01 hammer a saw uniformly the strain necessarily is
unequal and a source of much trouble The saws in use are liable to trembling, and
are easily thrown out of position, and reduction by filing or other wise removes the
parts held by the "pening," and causes them to warp
"
Having thus fully described the said Invention, as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent, and the manner of performing the same, I wish it understood
that clann,
Fust The process herein described of adjusting the "fast" and the "loose" in a
saw by throwing the heat on the centic on the outer edge, or on any desued part
of the saw, the same being held in the requned position, as above set forth.
Second Fouiners for tempering and forming articles of steel in combination with
a fan or blower to equalize the heat, as above described
Thind Formers for tempering and forming articles of steel enclosed in a heating
oven in combination with a fan or blower, as above set forth
Fourth The distributor, made substantially as shown, in combination with a
tempering oven, as above described and for the purpose set for th
Fifth The distributor provided with the flues and dampers, as above described
and for the purpose set forth
Sixth The perforated formers, as above described and for the purpose set forth
Seventh. A saw tempered and left by the tempering heat in its ultimate form,
and fice from the 111egular strain or buckle of hammered saws
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Soventh day of February, in the year of our Loid One
thousand eight hundied and seventy-seven
TITM DADT T
W ROB LAKE, (LS)