IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COATED METALLIC SHEETS OR PLATES AND PIECES, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE 33 THEREIN
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edmund Morewood, of Stratford, in the County of
Essex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COATED
METALLIC SHEETS OR PLATES AND PIECES, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE
33
THEREIN."
Sealed the 7th July 1863, and dated the 14th January 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edmund Morewood
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 14th January 1863.
I, EDMUND MOREWOOD, of Stratford, in the County, of Essex, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF COATED METALLIC SHEETS OR PLATES AND PIECES, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE
USED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
When passing coated sheets or plates, or suitable pieces of iron or other
metal through or between rollers working in or in contact with flux, such as
melted tallow, oil, or fatty matter, if the sheets have undergone a coating, or
are in process of coating with tin or terne metal, I find it advantageous to
cause them to travel so that the end which enters the flux first shall also leave
it first; and I also find it desirable that the sheets shall pass in a somewhat
curved direction, but as nearly horizontal as may be until they are near the point

page_text: at which they make their exit from the flux through the withdrawing rollers,
my object being to lessen the surface coating of melted metal, and at the same
time to avoid as far as possible the running of the fluid metal to the lower
edge of the sheet or plate.
To accomplish these objects one part of my Invention consists in making
use of more than a pair of rollers working in or in contact with flux, such
rollers being so arranged in relation to one another as to convey the sheets in
the desired direction, and to accomplish one or both of the above-mentioned
points by equalizing or reducing the coated metal on the surfaces of such
sheets or plates whilst passing between them. The end of the sheet which
slopes downwards on first entering is upward on leaving the flux. I find it
more advantageous to use three rollers arranged so as to work in conjunction
for this purpose than a single pair of rollers, but I prefer to use two or three
pairs of rollers. Or a guide so shaped that a sheet shall pass along it through
the flux in a more or less nearly horizontal direction till it reaches the with-
drawing rollers, may be made to answer the purpose of an additional roller or
rollers in some degree.
Another part of my Invention consists in causing such sheets or suitable
picces coated, or in process of being coated, to travel between rollers working
in contact with flux contained in two baths or vessels. The rollers and
machinery in the two vessels are mechanically combined so as to give the
sheet a continued travel by the aid of machinery from the rollers of the first to
and through the rollers connected with the second vessel. The object of the
double bath being to enable me to have the flux in the two vessels at different
temperatures, and to allow the sheet to lose a little of its heat in passing from
the first bath to the second. Sometimes I place a travelling or revolving rack
in the vessel containing the flux. This rack is of such size as to hold several
plates at one time separated from each other by fixed, pins or rods, or other
arrangements. Above or in a line with it, and in contact with the flux are
the withdrawing rollers working so as to withdraw the sheets passing between
them from the flux. When a space in the rack is made vacant by a sheet,
which has remained in it the desired length of time, being raised (by means
of a hooked rod or other arrangement) into the withdrawing rollers, another
coated or coating sheet is dropped into the space thus made vacant, and the
rack travels so that the plate in the next space is then brought to the proper
position for being passed into the withdrawing rollers, which being done
another plate is dropped into the space thus again left vacant, and so on, the
sheets being placed in and removed from the rack so as to remain the desired
length of time in contact with the flux.

page_text: Another part of my Invention consists in causing sheets or plates, or other
suitable pieces of iron or other metal in process of coating to make their exit
from a second bath of molten tin, or alloys of tin, or alloys of lead, melting
at a suitable temperature, say, about 400° to 500° Fahrenheit, between
rollers working in contact with a flux of tallow, oil, or fatty matter. The
rollers in such second bath are mechanically connected with the rollers in the
first bath of melted metal, so that the sheets travel by the aid of machinery
from the one to the other. And in such travel they slightly cool down before
entering the second bath which is kept at a different temperature from the
first bath. In this case as well as when I give a long travel through melted
metal to the sheet, I use a flux containing chloride of zinc, or chloride of tin,
or chloride of cadmium, as fluxes on the entrance side if I wish to make the
sheets travel rapidly through the melted metal. And I prefer to mix with
these chlorides a little tallow or rosin, or sal ammoniac, and I confine them to
the entrance side of the first bath by means of a flux box or bar.
Another part of my Invention consists in arranging the screws and bearings
of the pair of withdrawing rollers working at or near the surface of the flux
so as to enable me readily to raise or depress such pair of rollers so as to suit
the varying thickness or size of the sheets which have to pass between them.
By this means I have more power to regulate the color and surface of the
coated sheets. When the coated sheet passes between withdrawing rollers
with the coating about set, and so cool as not to injure leather, I prefer to
wrap that material partially or wholly round the iron rollers.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edmund Morewood in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
14th July 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDMUND
MOREWOOD, of Stratford, in the County of Essex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, hearing date the Fourteenth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Edmund Morewood, Her special licence, that I, the said
Edmund Morewood, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Edmund Morewood, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time,

page_text: and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COATED METALLIC SHEETS
OR PLATES AND PIECES, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREIN," upon the condi-
tion (amongst others) that I, the said Edmund Morewood, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edmund Morewood, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
When passing coated sheets or plates or pieces of iron or other metal
through or between rollers working in or in contact with flux, such as melted
tallow, oil, or fatty matter, if the sheets have undergone a coating, or are in
process of coating with tin or terne metal, I find it advantageous to cause
them to travel so that the end which enters the flux first shall also leave it
first; and I also find it desirable that the sheets shall pass in a somewhat
curved direction, but as nearly horizontal as may be, until they are near the
point at which they make their exit from the flux through the withdrawing
rollers, my object being to lessen the surface coating of melted metal, and at
the same time to avoid as far as possible the running of the fluid metal to the
lower edge of the sheet or plate.
To accomplish these objects, one part of my Invention consists of making
use of more than a pair of rollers working in or in contact with flux, such
rollers being so arranged in relation to one another as to convey the sheets in
the desired direction, and to accomplish one or both of the above-mentioned
points by equalizing or reducing the coating metal on the surfaces of such
sheets or plates whilst passing between them. The end of the sheet which
slopes downwards on first entering is upward on leaving the flux. I find it
more advantageous to use three rollers arranged so as to work in conjunction
for this purpose than a single pair of rollers, but I prefer to use two or three
pairs of rollers, or a guide so shaped that a sheet shall pass along it through
the flux in a more or less nearly horizontal direction till it reaches the with-
drawing rollers, may be made to answer the purpose of an additional roller or
rollers in some degree.

page_text: Another part of my Invention consists in causing such sheets or suitable
pieces coated or in process of being coated to travel between rollers working
in contact with flux contained in two baths or vessels. The rollers and
machinery in the two vessels are mechanically combined so as to give the
sheet a continued travel, by the aid of machinery, from the rollers of the first
to and through the rollers connected with the second vessel, the object of the
double bath being to enable me to have the flux in the two vessels at different
temperatures, and to allow the shoet to lose a little of its heat in passing from
the first bath to the second. Sometimes I place a travelling or revolving
rack in the vessel containing the flux; this rack is of such size as to hold
several plates at one time, separated from each other by fixed pins or rods or
other arrangements. Above or in a line with it, and in contact with the flux,
are the withdrawing rollers working so as to withdraw the sheets passing
between them from the flux. When a space in the rack is made vacant by a
sheet, which has remained in it the desired length of time, being raised (by
means of a hooked rod or other arrangement) into the withdrawing rollers
another coated or coating sheet is dropped into the space thus made vacant,
and the rack travels so that the plate in the next space is then brought to the
proper position for being passed into the withdrawing rollers, which being
done, another plate is dropped into the space thus again left vacant, and so on,
the sheets being placed in and removed from the rack so as to remain the desired
length of time in contact with the flux.
Another part of
my
Invention consists in causing sheets, or plates, or other
suitable pieces of iron or other metal in process of coating to make their exit
from a second bath of molten tin or alloys of tin, or alloys of lead melting at
a suitable temperature, say about 400 to 500 Fahrenheit, between rollers
working in contact with a flux of tallow, oil, or fatty matter. The rollers in
such second bath are mechanically connected with the rollers in the first bath
of melted metal, so that the sheets travel by the aid of machinery from the
one to the other, and in such travel they slightly cool down before entering
the second bath, which is kept at a different temperature from the first bath.
In this case, as well as when I give a long travel through melted metal to thic
sheet, I use a flux containing chloride of zinc, or chloride of tin, or chloride
of eadmium as fluxes on the entrance side if I wish to make the sheets travel
rapidly through the melted metal; and I prefer to mix with these chlorides a
little tallow, or rosin, or sal ammoniac, and I confine them to the entrance
side of the first bath by means of a flux box or bar.
Another part of my Invention consists in arranging the screws and bearings
of the pair of withdrawing rollers working at or near the surface of the flux,

page_text: so as to enable me readily to raise or depress such pair of rollers so as to suit
the varying thickness or size of the sheets which have to pass between them;
by this means I have more power to regulate the color and surface of the
coated sheets. When the coated sheet passes between withdrawing rollers
with the coating about set, and so cool as not to injure leather, I prefer to
wrap that material partially or wholly round the iron rollers.
When I wish to lessen or improve the surface coating of melted metal
which sheets or suitable pieces of metal have received in the process of
coating, I prefer to place two or more pairs of rollers in a bath containing
flux, such as melted oil or tallow for tin or terne sheets, so that the sheets or
pieces of metal, by passing through the opening between the pairs of rollers,
get a travel through the flux from the first pair to the last, or to the with-
drawing pair in a somewhat curved or horizontal direction.
In working
thus, if, for instance, I am coating plates of the size of 14 × 20, I prefer to
use guides, as described in my Patent of 3rd October 1859, to conduct the
sheets into, between, and from the rollers; and I place such guides and
rollers in a bath containing suitable flux, and in such a position that the
pressure of the pair of rollers immediately before the last when acting on the
sheet shall cause the sheet on leaving them to be deflected upwards, and
thus, with the assistance of a guide, enter the withdrawing pair which are
revolving in flux, and by their revolution pass it out nearly perpendicularly.
The centres of the withdrawing pair of rollers being set horizontally in relation
to one another, with their nip or centre (if for 1 C tin plates about / or % of
an inch) below the surface of the flux, I place the first pair of rollers about
11 or 12 inches from the point at which the sheets enter the flux, say, five
inches below it, and seven inches towards the other side of the pot; this,
however, may be varied. In this case the sheets or pieces have received a
coating of melted metal before they enter the finishing rollers through which
they are withdrawn, and which I use working in contact with flux only. If
the sheets or pieces have received such coating by means of rollers working
in connection with a separate bath of melted metal, I cause them to travel
over the distance between such bath of melted metal and the first rollers
working in contact with flux by rollers and guides, as described in the Patent
of Edmund Morewood and Andrew Whytock, dated 24th March 1862,
No. 815, and to make their travel through the flux in a curved but somewhat
horizontal direction, as described. The object of passing the sheets through
the rollers working in flux, in this case is to cause the coating surface of the
sheets to be rectified or improved by the combined action of the flux and the
pressure of the rollers; or there may be melted metal under a deep flux, both

page_text: contained in one bath, so that a sheet passes through the deep flux on the
entrance side between rollers working in contact with it, and by means of
guides without rollers through the melted metal in a horizontal curve and
out through three rollers, or a pair of rollers and a guide, or two pairs of
rollers, the withdrawing pair always working in such a position in flux that
the nip or centres of such pairs act upon the coating of the sheet, whilst such
coating is under the action of the flux. And I place the withdrawing rollers
so that the nip of such rollers is near but below the surface of the flux, thus
if finishing or delivering 1 C tin plates I place the nip about ½, an inch
below the surface of the flux, I start with and keep the surface of these
withdrawing or rectifying rollers well coated with fluid coating metal, they
not revolving in contact with the coating metal. Whether there be coating
metal below the flux or not, I can omit the first pair of rollers, and
place a guide in the pot so that the sheet or piece of metal shall pass
from the entrance side of such flux until it reaches the withdrawing
rollers. In this case the guide causes the sheet to travel under the flux,
and if the sheet travel through melted metal under the flux it is passed
through such melted metal by a guide or guides only in a somewhat
curved but nearly horizontal direction until such sheet reaches the with-
drawing rollers, and thus the end of the sheet which first enters also leaves
first; or outside rollers similar to those used by tinmen in England, and
known by the name of tinmen's rollers may be made to answer the purpose
of a guide for introducing the sheets or pieces into the rollers working in
contact with the flux if they are placed outside in front of the flux. In such
case I place a piece of T or strong flat plate close behind the pair of such
outside introducing rollers making it capable of movement and adjustment
by means of a lever or otherwise as is well understood, so that on leaving the
outside rollers the sheet passing in contact, and having a rest against the
flat face of the T iron or strong flat plate, and having a rest against the back
guide roller may have such a line of travel given to it as will cause it to pass
in the desired direction through the flux into the opening between the with-
drawing rollers with the assistance of a guide. In working thus with a
substitute for the first pair of rollers in the flux, I prefer to use three rollers
geared together, and working in combination in the flux instead of a single
pair. The two front rollers of the three are placed one nearly above the
other so as to form a pair, the opening between them being such as to receive
the sheet or piece of metal readily as it leaves the guide, and the third is
placed in a horizontal or nearly horizontal line with the upper of the before
named pair. If I use only a single pair of rollers with a guide working

page_text: in contact with the flux, I make the roller which is most distant from the
entrance side of the vessel of larger diameter than the other, say if the smaller
be 4, inches diameter the larger is 6 inches diameter, so that the sheet
(on leaving the guide which conveys it in a more or less horizontal manner
from the entrance side) may more readily enter into the jaws of such pair.
In this case I place the centre of the larger roller, which is most distant from
the entrance side slightly say, 1 inch, (if the diameter of such larger roller
be six inches) below the centre of the other. And I place a guide so shaped
as to conduct the sheets in a somewhat curved but nearly horizontal manner
from the point at which they enter the vessel to the mouth of the rollers,
working in contact with the flux, their nip being slightly below the surface
of the flux. Or supposing such pair of rollers with the guide to be of equal
size, and five inches diameter, the rollers most distant from the entrance side,
and towards which the sheet slopes in rising from the flux, may be / inch
lower than the other or even set centre to centre. In all these cases I place
these withdrawing rollers so that their nip shall be slightly below, but near to
the surface of the flux. And I start with and keep their surface well coated
with fluid coating metal of best quality, they not revolving in contact with the
coating metal, and they act on the surface of the sheet whilst it is under the
influence of the flux so as to squeeze off superfluous metal or flux, and spread
or deposit upon the barely coated parts of the sheet some of the fluid coating
metal which remains or collects about the upper side of the nip of the rollers.
I prefer to keep the temperature of these withdrawing and finishing rollers as
low as may be consistently with having the melted coating metal on their
surface in a properly fluid state so as to avoid clogging.
According to my Patent of the 5th December 1860, I sometimes coat sheets,
and then pass them into a flux containing a rack, and then bring them out singly
or several together between rollers working in contact with flux. When I
intend to pass such shects though other pairs of rollers coated with fluid metal
as described, but revolving in flux as just described, I cause them (if several
make their exit in a body together surface to surface) to emerge from the
flux bath and rollers as described in my Patent of 5th December 1860, with
the coating metal on their surface at such a temperature that they can readily
be separated by the workman who receives them, and who then passes them on
between further pairs of rollers or rollers and guides working in flux as herein
described. The object of passing them through the last set of rollers being to
finish and improve the surface. The pressure of the rollers between which
several sheets pass together, surface to surface, will of course be regulated by the
amount of squeeze desired. But I prefer to keep them moderately slack. If I

page_text: cause sheets which have passed singly between withdrawing rollers of a first bath
working in flux, as described in my Patent 5th December 1860, to travel further
between a pair of coated withdrawing rollers revolving in flux as herein de-
scribed, I prefer to cause the withdrawing rollers of the first bath to squeeze
the sheet more tightly than the last pair, which last pair I use to give finish
and surface to the sheet as well as to squeeze. Sometimes I cause the sheets
or suitable pieces of metal to pass between rollers working in contact with
flux contained in two baths or vessels mechanically connected so that the sheet
has a continued travel by machinery from the first to the second bath, such
baths may contain coating metal with flux on their surface. Or they may
contain flux alone. I give the sheets or pieces of metal a passage of about three
feet through flux (either fluid or in vapour as herein-after explained) in their
travel from the first bath to the second, and about four to five feet through
each of the two baths. And I cause the sheets to make their whole travel
from their entrance into the first bath to their exit from the second bath by
means of rollers or rollers and guides working in combination. If I cause the
sheets to pass through a first preparatory bath of flux, I keep such preparatory
bath slightly hotter than the bath of coating metal, and I place the with-
drawing rollers in this preparatory flux bath so that their centre or nip is near
to the surface of the flux, say not over half an inch below the surface, and so
that the superfluous flux is thereby squeezed off the surface of the sheets or
pieces as they pass out of such preparatory flux bath. The object of this
travel through the preparatory flux bath is to make the sheets in a fitter state
to take the coating readily. I use a pair of rollers in contact with the flux on
the exit side of the first coating bath, or of the first flux bath, and they are so
placed that the nip of the rollers is slightly below the surface of the flux as
herein mentioned, and in passing between them the superfluous metal from the
first coating bath is taken off from the surface of the sheets and the travel
through flux between the first and second coatings assists in rectifying defective
or bad coating which may be given in the first pot. And by means of such
rollers I convey the sheets or pieces of metal with the assistance of a guide
(which may be a guiding roller) to another pair of rollers working in contact
with the flux on the exit side of the second bath when the distance between
those two points is short, say only two or three feet. But when I give the
sheets a long travel in passing from the first to the second bath, or when coating
small plates as 14 x 20 inch, I use more pairs of rollers, and I place a pair
of rollers in contact with the flux on the entrance side of the second bath or
in the space between the first and second baths. The gearing of the rollers
of the two baths is so arranged that the sheet travels continuously from cud

page_text: to end at the desired speed. Or a guide may be substituted for a pair of
rollers, but I always prefer to use the withdrawing pair revolving in flux in
the last bath for finishing and rectifying the coating as described. These two
baths are mechanically combined as described in the said Specification of
Edmund Morewood and Andrew Whytock, and if they contain only flux the
temperature of the first bath is slightly above the melting point of the coating
metal; that of the second bath I prefer to have at about the same tempera-
ture as the coating metal, and to keep the metal only sufficiently fluid for
working. I cause the sheets to pass over the intervening space between the
two baths by means of rollers and guides similar to those by which they pass
through the coating metal and flux, and they are so set and shaped that the
sheet has a somewhat curved travel, but as horizontal as may be. Sometimes
I close in the flux box space above the surface of the melted metal as described
in my Patent of 3rd October 1859, and by that means use the vapour of flux
to act upon the surface of the coated or coating sheet passing through it. But
I do not consider it so efficient as the fluid flux. The rollers in or connected
with the several vessels are so geared together as to cause thom to work in
combination, and in all cases the rollers of a pair travel at a like surface speed.
As a rule I prefer to have the bath of melted metal of such size that the
sheet shall have a travel of at least four to five feet under the melted metal,
from the entrance to the exit side of the first bath and three or four feet in the
second bath. And the pieces of metal in process of coating may be made to
travel through the flux of one vessel to the other bath by means of guides
alone, but I prefer to use rollers working in contact with such flux. Some-
times I place a travelling or revolving rack in a vessel containing flux of such
size as to hold several plates, the form of such rack may be varied. In some
cases I use a travelling or revolving rack placed in a bath containing the flux
suitable for assisting the withdrawing rollers as herein-before described, which
are coated with tin or other coating metal and revolve in flux to rectify and
give a good surface to the coated sheets or pieces of metal which pass from
between them out of the flux as before described. In coating with tin or with
the alloys of lead and tin commonly called terne metal, tallow, or oil, are
suitable fluxes, a feeding tube or guiding passage, as described in Drawing
Figure 2, is placed in such a position in relation to the divisions or racks in
the said travelling or revolving rack that a sheet dropped into the mouth of
such feeding tube or passage descends into its proper space in the rack. The
feeding tube or passage is furnished with a check or stop so that the sheet
cannot descend beyond a certain point unless the division or space in the
travelling or revolving rack is in the proper position to receive it. The travel-

page_text: ling rack shewn by the annexed Drawing, Figure 1, or the revolving rack
Figure 2, are so arranged that the sheets of metal marked A after being
dropped into the feeding tube or passage B may be released by the catch B',
being withdrawn by the arms C' of the rack C. The rack C with the plate A
therein are then caused to move immediately under the withdrawing rollers D.
On either end of the rack C, but within the bath W, is a bar or frame E, see
Figure 1. These bars or frames rise and carry up with them the plate out of
the rack C so as to cause the upper end of the plate to enter into the nip of
the withdrawing rollers D by which the plate is withdrawn. One division of
the rack having been thus emptied and the other division thereof having
received a plate from the feeding tube or passage the empty division is caused
to pass away to receive a fresh plate from its feeding tube, and the one con-
taining a plate will by the same movement be brought under the withdrawing
rollers. This lateral or horizontal movement of the rack is obtained by means
of the crank and connecting rod O and P, or it may be accomplished by other
suitable mechanism. Or in place of causing the plates to rise out of the rack
they may be raised to the nip of the withdrawing rollers by means of a lever
and cam as shewn at Figure 2, the truck of the lever being constantly kept up
to the face of its cam by means of a spring as usual. The requisite motion is
given to the revolving rack by means of a ratchet wheel G moved by a pall or
driver marked H, which receives motion from a crank I, or the requisite move-
ments may be otherwise obtained. Or such flux baths may contain coating
metal below the flux, in which case the rack may be partially or wholly im- .
mersed in the coating metal, and partly or wholly below the flux. When I
cause shects in process of coating to pass through a second bath of molten tin
or alloys melting at a suitable temperature, I withdraw them between rollers
working in contact with a flux of tallow, oil, or fatty matter, I make the rollers
of such second bath work in combination with the rollers of the first bath of
melted metal so that the sheets travel by the aid of machinery as herein-before
described from the one to the other and lose a portion of their heat in such
travel, I prefer to place such withdrawing rollers so far above the surface of
the melted tin or alloys that the sheet or piece of metal is above and not in
contact with the surface of the body of coating metal when it enters the nip of
the rollers, but has a travel of rather more than three inches through the flux
which is on the surface of such melted tin or alloys before it reaches the nip
of the said withdrawing rollers and through about half an inch to one inch
of flux after leaving the nip of such rollers; if I am coating small tin plate
sizes as 20 x 14 inch or 25 x 17, in this case I make the diameter of the
withdrawing rollers 4 to 5 inch; but if I am coating sheet iron or pieces of

page_text: large size and width, and desire to give a thin coating, I allow them to travel
through an inch and a half or even two inches of flux after leaving the nip of
the rollers. In this case I make the diameter of the withdrawing rollers
larger, say six inch.
I construct the withdrawing rollers (which work in the flux) of steel, and
as before stated, I keep them perfectly coated with tin or other coating metal
of the best quality. When the sheets or pieces of metal are travelling
rapidly from the first to the second bath, the tallow or flux which the sheets
carry up from the exit side of the first bath to the withdrawing rollers, or to
the rollers between the first and second bath may be sufficient (especially if
the pairs work rather slack) to keep such rollers so far in contact with the
flux as to answer in a measure the purpose of this Invention although the
rollers may not be partially or wholly immersed in the flux. I prefer to
communicate motion to the rollers by means of a strap so as to avoid as far
as possible the risk of jarring or jolting of the wheels. I also find it desirable
when I give a long travel, say three feet or more through the melted metal to
use a flux containing chloride of zinc, chloride of tin, or chloride of cadmium,
which I prefer to use mixed in the proportions stated in the following
paragraph
-
When I use two baths of melted metal working in combination as herein-
before described so as to give a long travel to the sheets or pieces of metal
undergoing the process of coating, I cause the sheets to pass through a flux
containing chloride of zinc, or chloride of tin, or chloride of cadmium confined on
the entrance side of the first coating bath by a bar or what is commonly termed
a flux box. The flux which I prefer to use on the entrance side of the melted
coating metal is chloride of zinc mixed with a portion of carbonate of soda,
say one-tenth part by weight of soda, and with about th sal ammoniac by
weight, to forty-five per cent. of chloride of zinc, with 20 per cent. of rosin or
tallow on the melted tin, or ³/ chloride of tin with /, chloride of zinc and '/, sal
ammoniac; or chloride of cadmium, sal ammoniac, chloride of zinc, and chloride
of tin, say one-fourth each; of chloride of tin and chloride of cadmium mixed
with th sal ammoniac and th chloride of zinc by measure, on the melted
lead or alloys of lead and tin in order to make the pieces undergoing the
process of coating take the melted metal quickly, and to enable me to cause
the sheets to pass more rapidly through the melted metal.
Another part of my Invention consists in connecting the screws and bearings
of the withdrawing rollers (by which I mean the rollers which assist the sheet
in making its exit from either or both of the baths of coating metal or from
the flux) with a spring or lever, or causing them to press against some elastic-

page_text: matter, so that when a thick sheet of metal is to be passed between the
rollers immediately after a thin one, I am able to cause the upper of the pair
of rollers, supposing them to be set one above the other, as described in my
Patent of 3rd October 1859, to rise sufficiently to admit of the coating sheet
travelling between them by merely giving a slight forward impulse by hand
or otherwise to such sheet, such impulse being sufficient to cause the sheet
to enter the opening and nip between the pair of rollers which then by
their revolution assist in drawing it forward. And whilst passing between
the pair of rollers the sheet itself presses up the roller and its axles, and in
so doing also raises the bearings of the upper roller, such bearings being
attached to a spring or lever, or working in connection with it; I have been
in the habit of using withdrawing rollers placed one above the other, as
described in my Patent of 3rd October 1859. And in this case I place as a
spring a spiral steel coil, the under side of which rests on the flat top of the
bearing, and the upper side against a flat piece of iron, upon which the bottom
of the screw sits. This coil may be enclosed in a hollow iron tube or cylinder
and kept steady by a rod or piece of iron as a support in the centre. The
top of this spiral steel coil rests against a flat piece of iron which sits between
the top of the spring and the bottom of the screw. Or a lever with a ball
attached to it may be used when the sheet has passed between the rollers, of
course the lever or spring allows them to come together again. If the pair
of withdrawing rollers be so placed that they are made to sit horizontally in
relation to the surface of the melted metal, the principle remains the same,
but the springs or lever working in connection with the bearings enable mo
to move the bearings so readily that the onward impulse of the sheet as it
enters the nip of the rollers, or such impulse combined with the movement of
the revolving pair of rollers causes the bearings to part or open from one
another sufficiently to allow the easy and proper travel of the sheet whether
it be thick or thin and as the sheet leaves the nip of the pair of rollers they
close so far as is desirable until the next sheet opens them again. In place
of a lever or spring india-rubber or some other elastic or yielding material
may be used between a flat piece of iron placed under the screw (by which
the bearing of the upper roller of the pair is held down) and the bearing
itself, so that when the axle of one of the rollers of the pair presses against
the bearing, the bearing has a like pressure against the india-rubber or other
yielding or elastic substance, which in its turn presses against the flat iron
under the end of the screw, instead of the bearing itself pressing against the
set and rigid screw. Either spring lever, india-rubber, or elastic matter,
must be at such a distance from the molten metal or flux or heat as to insure

page_text: its action not being impeded or materially injured by heat, clogging, or
otherwise. This may be arranged by adding a piece to the top or end of the
bearing upon which the bottom of the spring sits so as to lengthen the bearing
and remove the spring to a sufficient distance from the heat. When the
coated sheet passes the delivering rollers after having left the coating metal
or flux with the coating, set and so cool as not to injure leather, I wrap that
material either partially or wholly round the outside iron rollers, between
which the sheets or pieces of metal are withdrawn, as they pass from the
melted metal.
What I claim is, first, the use of two or more pairs of rollers working in
contact with the flux, and so arranged as to convey the sheets or pieces of
metal in a somewhat horizontal direction, and so that the end of the sheet
which enters first also leaves first, and by their combined action with the
assistance, of the flux, I accomplish the equalizing or reducing the coating
metal on the surfaces of such sheets or plates as described.
1. Also, the use of three revolving rollers arranged so as to work in conjunction
in contact with the flux instead of two or more pairs of rollers as described.
Also, the use of a pair of rollers and a guide, or it may be a guiding roller,
such guides aiding in causing the sheet or piece of metal to pass through the
flux in a nearly. horizontal direction to the rollers which withdraw such sheet
or piece from the flux as described.
'
Second. The causing sheets or suitable pieces of metal coated or in process
of being coated to travel between rollers working in contact with flux contained
in two baths or vessels mechanically combined as described.
Thirdly. The use of a travelling or revolving rack and apparatus working in
connection with withdrawing rollers as described.
Fourthly. The causing sheets or suitable pieces of metal in process of coating
to make their exit from the second bath (of molten tin or alloys of tin or
alloys of lead melting at a suitable temperature) between rollers working in
contact with a flux of tallow, oil, or fatty matter, the rollers in the second
'bath working in combination witli the rollers of the first bath as described.
Fifthly. The use of a flux containing chloride of zinc, chloride of tin, or
chloride of cadmium on the entrance side of the bath of coating metal when
I give a long travel to sheets or pieces of metal, say, not less than three feet
under the melted metal, and so that the end which goes in first shall come
out first also,.or when I use a double bath as described.
Sixthly. The arranging of the screws and bearings of the withdrawing rollers
or those which assist in causing the sheets or pieces to make their exit from
the melted coating metal or flux so that they shall work in connection with a

page_text: spring or a lever, or with india-rubber or some elastic matter, whereby I am
enabled to cause the rollers to move readily so as to suit the varying guages
and sizes of the sheets or pieces of metal passing between them.
Seventhly. The use of leather wrapped round the outside delivering rollers
between which the sheets are withdrawn from the bath of coating metal or
flux after being coated when the heat of the sheets or pieces of coated metal
passing between them is not too great.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edmund Morewood, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
EDMUND MOREWOOD. (L.S.)

page_text: In the Matter of a Patent granted to EDMUND MOREWOOD, of
Stratford, in the County of Essex, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COATED METALLIC SHEETS OR
PLATES AND PIECES, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREIN," bearing
date at Westminster the 14th day of January 1863, No. 123.
DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION proposed to
be entered by the said Edmund Morewood, as such Patentee, as
aforesaid, pursuant to the Statutes in that case made and provided.
WHEREAS I have ascertained that before the date of the said Letters
Patent it had been proposed to use a flux containing chloride of zinc
when giving a long travel to sheets or picces of metal, and so that the
end which goes in first shall come out first also:
And whereas I have been advised that my said Specification may
be held to claim the use in this manner of a flux containing chloride
of zinc :

page_text: And whereas I have no wish to retain any such extended claim to
Invention, I for these reasons wish to disclaim and to alter my said
Specification. And I do hereby disclaim and alter my said Specifi-
cation, by omitting from the fifth claiming clause the words "I give
"a long travel to sheets or pieces of metal, say not less than three feet
"under the melted metal, and so that the end which goes in first
"shall come out first also or:
3
And whereas the utility of the part of my Invention which consists in
arranging the screws and bearings of the withdrawing rollers, so that
they shall work in connection with a spring or a lever, or with india-
rubber or some elastic matter, viz., the regulation of the color and
surface of the coated sheet is for the most part confined to the case
where the Invention is applied to the withdrawing rollers of the finish-
ing bath of coating metal, although such spring lever or elastic matter
may be applied to other withdrawing rollers:
And whereas I have been advised that my said Specification may be
held to claim the arranging of the screws and bearings of all with-
drawing rollers, which assist in causing sheets or pieces of metal to
make their exit from melted metal or flux with a spring, or a lever, or
with some elastic matter:
And whereas I have no wish to retain any such extended claim to
Invention, I for these reasons wish to disclaim and alter my said
Specification. And I do hereby disclaim and alter my said Specification
by adding to the sixth claiming clause before the words "withdrawing
rollers" the limiting word "finishing," and by adding after the words
"melted coating metal or flux "the limiting words "in the finishing
bath:
And whereas the part of my Invention which consists in the use of
leather wrapped round the outside of delivering rollers is, as compared
with the other parts of my Invention of small utility:
And whereas I do not wish to retain any such claim to Invention, I
for these reasons wish to disclaim and to alter my said Specification.
And I do hereby disclaim and alter my said Specification by striking
out the seventh claiming clause. And to render my said Specification
consistent with the above Disclaimer I alter the same in the following
At page 5, lines 32 and 33, of the Quran's Printers copy of the said Specification,
manner. I strike out the words." as well as when I give a long travel

page_text: through melted metal to the sheet" between the words "In this case "
and the words "I use a flux." Also I insert the words "in the finishing
bath" between the words "withdrawing rollers working " and the
in the last line of page 5 of the printed Specification.
words "at or near the surface of the flux" Also I strike out the.
at page 6, lines 4, 5. and 6,
"
at page 12, line 37,
Λ
^
In the next line
Also I strike out the
^
at page 14, llues 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9,
^
words "When the coated sheet passes between withdrawing rollers
"with the coating about set and so cool as not to injure leather, I
prefer to wrap that material partially or wholly round the iron rollers."
Also I insert the word "finishing" between the words "another part.
"of my Invention consists in connecting the screws and bearings of
"the" and the words "withdrawing rollers."
words "either or both of the baths of coating metal or from " between.
the words "making its exit from" and the words "the flux) with a.
spring or lever," and I insert in the place of such words the words.
"the finishing bath of coating metal or of." Also I strike out the
words "when the coated sheet passes the delivering rollers" and all
the words following as far as and including the words, "as they pass
from the melted metal" between the words "distance from the heat"
and the words "what I claim is." And that the meaning of my.
Specification may be more easily followed, I insert the word "bath"
between the words "a flux," and the words "containing a rack.".
Also I insert the words, "if the baths contain metal" between the.
words "contain flux alone" and the words "I give the sheets."
Also I insert the words "melting point of the" between the words
temperature as the " and the words "coating metal."
nt page 9, line 11,
A
at pago 10, line 8.
"
^
at pago 8, line 27,
Λ
And in order that the effect of this Disclaimer and Memorandum of.
Alteration may be better understood, I annex a copy of the Specification
as it will appear when such Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration
have been made as aforesaid.
66
"When passing coated sheets or plates or pieces of iron or other metal.
"through or between rollers working in or in contact with flux, such as
"melted tallow, oil, or fatty matter, if the sheets have undergone a
coating or are in process of coating with tin or terne metal, I find it
advantageous to cause them to travel so that the end which enters
"the flux first shall also leave it first, and I also find desirable that
"the sheets shall pass in a somewhat curved direction, but as nearly
"horizontal as may be until they are near the point at which they make
"

page_text: "E
"their exit from the flux through the withdrawing rollers, my object
being to lessen the surface coating of melted metal and at the same
"time to avoid as far as possible the running of the fluid metal to the
"lower edge of the sheet or plate."
46
"
"To accomplish these objects one part of my Invention consists of
"making use of more than a pair of rollers working in or in contact
"with flux, such rollers being so arranged in relation to one another as
"to convey the sheets in the desired direction, and to accomplish one
"or both of the above mentioned points by equalizing or reducing the
coating metal on the surfaces of such sheets or plates whilst passing
between them. The end of the sheet which slopes downwards on first
entering is upward on leaving the flux. I find it more advantageous
to use three rollers arranged so as to work in conjunction for this
purpose than a single pair of rollers, but I prefer to use two or three
pairs of rollers, or a guide so shaped that a sheet shall pass along it
"through the flux in a more or less nearly horizontal direction till it
"reaches the withdrawing rollers may be made to answer the purpose
"of an additional roller or rollers in some degree."
"
"
6
"
"Another part of my Invention consists in causing such sheets or
"suitable pieces coated or in process of being coated to travel between
"rollers working in contact with flux contained in two baths or vessels.
"The rollers and machinery in the two vessels are mechanically com-
"bined so as to give the sheet a continued travel by the aid of machinery
from the rollers of the first to and through the rollers connected with
"the second vessel, the object of the double bath being to enable me
"to have the flux in the two vessels at different temperatures, and to
"allow the sheet to lose a little of its heat in passing from the first
"bath to the second. Sometimes I place a travelling or revolving rack
"in the vessel containing the flux; this rack is of such size as to hold
"several plates at one time separated from each other by fixed pins or
"rods or other arrangements; above or in a line with it and in contact
"with the flux are the withdrawing rollers working so as to withdraw
"the sheets passing between them from the flux. When a space in the
"rack is made vacant by a sheet which has remained in it the desired
I length of time being raised (by means of a hooked rod or other
arrangement) into the withdrawing rollers, another coated or coating
"sheet is dropped into the space thus made vacant, and the rack
"travels so that the plate in the next space is then brought to the
"
"

page_text: "
"
proper position for being passed into the withdrawing rollers, which
being done another plate is dropped into the space thus again left
vacant, and so on, the sheets being placed in and removed from the
"rack so as to remain the desired length of time in contact with the
"flux."
"Another part of my Invention consists in causing sheets or plates
"or other suitable pieces of iron or other metal in process of coating to
"make their exit from a second bath of molten tin or alloys of tin or
"alloys of lead melting at a suitable temperature, say about 400 to 500
"Fahrenheit, between rollers working in contact with a flux of tallow,
"oil, or fatty matter. The rollers in such second bath are mechanically
"connected with the rollers in the first bath of melted metal, so that
"the sheets travel by the aid of machinery from the one to the other,
"and in such travel they slightly cool down before entering the second
bath, which is kept at a different temperature from the first bath.. In
"this case I use a flux containing chloride of zinc,, or chloride of tin, or
chloride of cadmium as fluxes on the entrance side if I wish to make
"the sheets travel rapidly through the melted metal, and I prefer to
"mix with these chlorides a little tallow, or rosin, or salammoniac, aud
"I confine them to the entrance side of the first bath by means of a
"flux box or bar."
CE
"Another part of my Invention consists in arranging the screws and
bearings of the pair of withdrawing rollers working in the finishing
"bath at or near the surface of the flux, so as to enable me readily to
"raise or depress such pair of rollers so as to suit the varying thickness
"or size of the sheets which have to pass between them; by this means
"I have more power to regulate the color and surface of the coated
"shcets."
"When I wish to lessen or improve the surface coating of melted
"metal which sheets or suitable pieces of metal have received in the.
process of coating, I prefer to place two or more pairs of rollers in a
bath containing flux, such as melted oil or tallow, for tin or terne
sheets, so that the sheets or pieces of metal by passing through the
opening between the pairs of rollers get a travel through the flux
"from the first pair to the last or to the withdrawing pair in a some-
what curved or horizontal direction. In working thus, if, for instance,
"I am coating plates of the size of 14 × 20, I prefer to use guides, as
described in my Patent of 3rd October 1859, to conduct the sheets

page_text: " into, between, and from the rollers, and I place such guides and
"rollers in a bath containing suitable flux, and in such a position that
"the pressure of the pair of rollers immediately before the last when
"
"
"
"
acting on the sheet shall cause the sheet on leaving them to be
"deflected upwards, and thus with the assistance of a guide enter the
withdrawing pair, which are revolving in flux, and by their revolution
pass it out nearly perpendicularly. The centres of the withdrawing
pair of rollers being set horizontally in relation to one another, with
"their nip or centre (if for 1 C tin plates about or of an inch) below
"the surface of the flux I place the first pair of rollers about 11 or 12
"inches from the point at which the sheets enter the flux, say, five
" inches below it, and seven inches towards the other side of the pot;
"this however may be varied. In this case the sheets or pieces have
"received a coating of melted metal before they enter the finishing
"rollers through which they are withdrawn, and which I use working
in contact with flux only. If the sheets or pieces have received such
coating by means of rollers working in connection with a separate
bath of melted metal I cause them to travel over the distance between
"such bath of melted metal and the first rollers working in contact
with flux by rollers and guides, as described in the Patent of Edmund
"Morewood and Andrew Whytock, dated 24th March 1862, No. 815,
"and to make their travel through the flux in a curved but somewhat
"horizontal direction, as described. The object of passing the sheets
"
65
5
through the rollers working in flux in this case is to cause the coating
"surface of the sheets to be rectified or improved by the combined
"action of the flux and the pressure of the rollers; or there may be
"melted metal under a deep flux, both contained in one bath, so that a
"sheet passes through the deep flux on the entrance side between
"rollers working in contact with it, and by means of guides without
"rollers through the melted metal in a horizontal curve and out
through three rollers or a pair of rollers and a guide or two pairs of
rollers, the withdrawing pair always working in such a position in flux
" that the nip or centres of such pairs act upon the coating of the sheet,
"whilst such coating is under the action of the flux; and I place the
withdrawing rollers so that the nip of such rollers is near but below
the surface of the flux; thus if finishing or delivering 1 C tin
plates I place the nip about an inch below the surface of the
"flux. I start with and keep the surface of these withdrawing or
rectifying rollers- well coated with fluid coating metal, they not
"
"
"
.86

page_text: 66
56
66.
"revolving in contact with the couting metal. Whether there be
coating metal below the flux or not I can omit the first pair of rollers
"and place a guide in the pot, so that the sheet or piece of metal shall
pass from the entrance side of such flux until it reaches the with-
drawing rollers. In this case the guide causes the sheet to travel
"under the flux, and if the sheet travel through melted metal under the
flux it is passed through such melted metal by a guide or guides, only
in a somewhat curved but nearly horizontal direction, until such sheet
"reaches the withdrawing rollers, and thus the end of the sheet which
"first enters also leaves first; or outside rollers similar to those used by
"tinmen in England, and known by the name of tinmen's rollers, may
"be made to answer the purpose of a guide for introducing the sheets
or pieces into the rollers working in contact with, the flux if, they are
placed outside in front of the flux. In such case I place a. piece of T
or strong flat plate close behind the pair of such outside introducing
"rollers, making it capable of movement and, adjustment. by means. of
a lever or otherwise, as is. well understood,, so that on leaving the
"outside rollers, the sheet passing in contact and having a rest against
"the flat face of the T-iron. or strong flat plate, and having a rest
"against the back guide roller, may have such a line of travel given to
" it as will cause it to pass in the desired direction through the flux
"into the opening between the withdrawing rollers with the assistance
"of a guide. In working thus with a substitute for the first pair of
"rollers in the flux, I prefer to use three rollers geared together and'
" working in combination in the flux instead of a single pair. The two
"front rollers of the three are placed one nearly above the other, so as
"to form a pair, the opening between them being such as to receive the
"sheet or piece of metal readily as it leaves the guide, and the third is
placed in a horizontal or nearly horizontal line with the upper of the
before-named pair. If I use only a single pair of rollers with a guide
"working in contact with the flux, I make the roller which is most
"distant from the entrance side of the vessel of larger diameter than
"the other, say, if the smaller be 4 inches diameter, the larger is 6
"inches diameter, so that the sheet (on leaving the guide which conveys.
"it in a more or less horizontal manner from the entrance side) may
more readily enter into the jaws of such pair. In this case I place.
"the centre of the larger roller which is most distant from the entrance
side slightly, say, inch (if the diameter of such larger roller be six
inches) below the centre of the other; and I place a guide so shaped
"
"
"
65

page_text: 56
"
66
as to conduct the sheets in a somewhat curved but nearly horizontal
manner from the point at which they enter the vessel to the mouth of
"the rollers working in contact with the flux, their nip being slightly
" below the surface of the flux; or supposing such pair of rollers with
"the guide to be of equal size and five inches diameter, the rollers
"most distant from the entrance side, and towards which the sheet
slopes in rising from the flux, may be inch lower than the other, or
even set centre to centre. In all these cases I place these withdrawing
"rollers, so that their nip shall be slightly below but near to the surface
"of the flux, and I start with and keep their surface well coated
with fluid metal of best quality, they not revolving in contact with
"the coating metal, and they act on the surface off the sheet whilst
"it is under the influence of the flux, so as to squeeze off superfluous
"metal or flux and spread or deposit upon the barely coated parts of
"
"
66
coating
the sheet some of the fluid-coating metal which remains or collects
"about the upper side of the nip of the rollers. I prefer to keep the
temperature of these withdrawing and finishing rollers as low as may
" be consistently with having the melted coating metal on their surface
" in a properly fluid state, so as to avoid clogging."
"E
"
.
According to my Patent of the 5th December 1860 I sometimes
"coat sheets and then pass them into a flux bath containing a rack
"and then bring them out singly or several together, between rollers
"working in contact with flux. When I intend to pass such sheets
through other pairs of rollers coated with fluid metal as described, but
revolving in flux as just described, I cause them (if several make their
"exit in a body together surface to surface) to emerge from the flux bath
"and rollers, as described in my Patent of 5th December 1860 with the
"coating metal in their surface at such a temperature that they can
readily be separated by the workman who receives them, and who
"then passes them on between further pairs of rollers, or rollers and
guides working in flux, as herein described; the object of passing
"them through the last set of rollers being to finish and improve the
"surface. The pressure of the rollers between which several sheets
"
66
pass together, surface to surface, will of course be regulated by the
amount of squeeze desired; but I prefer to keep them moderately
"slack. If I cause sheets which have passed singly between with-
drawing rollers of a first bath, working in flux, as described in my
"Patent, 5th December 1860, to travel further between a pair of coated
"

page_text: "
"
€5
"
"
Дих
^
"withdrawing rollers revolving in flux, as herein described, I prefer to
"cause the withdrawing rollers of the first bath to squeeze the sheet
more tightly than the last pair, which last pair I use to give finish
"and surface to the sheet as well as to squeeze. Sometimes I cause
"the sheets or suitable pieces of metal to pass between rollers working
" in contact with flux contained in two baths or vessels mechanically
"connected so that the sheet has a continued travel by machinery from
"the first to the second bath; such baths may contain coating metal
"with flux on their surface, or they may contain flux alone. If the
"baths contain metal I give the sheets or pieces of metal a passage of
" about three feet through flux (either fluid or in vapour, as herein-after
explained) in their travel from the first bath to the second, and about
"four to five feet through each of the two baths, and I cause the sheets
"to make their whole travel from their entrance into the first bath to
"their exit from the second bath by means of rollers, or rollers and
guides working in combination. If I cause the sheets to pass
through a first preparatory bath of flux I keep such preparatory bath
slightly hotter than the bath of coating metal, and I place the with-
drawing rollers in this preparatory bath, so that their centre or nip
" is near to the surface of the flux, say, not over half an inch below the
surface, and so that the superfluous flux is thereby squeezed off the
"surface of the sheets or pieces as they pass out of such preparatory
"flux bath. The object of this travel through the preparatory flux
"bath is to make the sheets in a fitter state to take the coating readily.
"I use a pair of rollers in contact with the flux on the exit side
" of the first coating bath or of the first flux bath, and they arc
"so placed that the nip of the rollers is slightly below the surface
"of the flux, as herein mentioned, and in passing between them the
superfluous metal from the first coating bath is take off from the
"surface of the sheets, and the travel through flux between the first
" and second coatings assists in rectifying defective or bad coating
"which may be given in the first pot; and by means of such rollers
I convey the sheets or pieces of metal with the assistance of a
guide (which may be a guiding roller) to another pair of rollers
working in contact with the flux on the exit side of the second bath
"when the distance between those two points is short, say, only two or
"three feet; but when I give the sheets a long travel in passing from the
"first to the second bath, or when coating small plates, as 14 x 20 inclı,
66
65
SC
$5

page_text: "
"
"I use more pairs of rollers, and I place a pair of rollers in contact with
"the flux on the entrance side of the second bath, or in the space
"between the first and second baths. The gearing of the rollers of the
*" two baths is so arranged that the sheet travels continuously from end
" to end at the desired speed; or a guide may be sustituted for a pair
" of rollers, but I always prefer to use the withdrawing pair revolving
"in flux in the last bath for finishing and rectifying the coating as
"described. These two baths are mechanically combined, as described
"in the said Specification of Edmund Morewood and Andrew Whytock,
"and if they contain only flux the temperature of the first bath is
"slightly above the melting point of the coating metal; that of the
"second bath I prefer to have at about the same temperature as the
melting point of the coating metal, and to keep the metal only
"sufficiently fluid for working. I cause the sheets to pass over the
intervening space between the two baths by means of rollers and
guides similar to those by which they pass through the coating metal
"and flux, and they are so set and shaped that the sheet has a somc-
"what curved travel, but as horizontal as may be. Sometimes I close
"in the flux box space above the surface of the melted metal, as
"described in my Patent of 3rd October 1859, and by that means use
"the vapour of flux to act upon the surface of the coated or coating
"sheet passing through it; but I do not consider it so efficient
66 as the fluid flux. The rollers in or connected with the several
"vessels are so geared together as to cause them to work in com-
bination, and in all cases the rollers of a pair travel at a like
"surface speed. As a rule I prefer to have the bath of melted metal
" of such size that the sheet shall have a travel of at least four to five
"feet under the melted metal from the entrance to the exit side of the
"first bath, and three or four feet in the second bath, and the pieces of
"metal in process of coating may be made to travel through the flux
" of one vessel to the other bath by means of guides alone, but I prefer
Sometimes I place
66
" to use rollers working in contact with such flux.
"
"
placed
^
a travelling or revolving rack in a vessel containing flux of such size
"as to hold several plates; the form of such rack may be varied. In
some cases I use a travelling or revolving rack in a bath con-
"-taining the flux suitable for assisting the withdrawing rollers, as
" herein-before described, which are coated with tin or other coating
"metal and revolve in flux to rectify and. give a good surface to the

page_text: CE
descends into its proper space in the rack. The feeding tube or passage
^
"coated sheets or pieces of metal which pass from between them out of
"the flux, as before described. In coating with tin or with the alloys of
"lead and tin, commonly called terne metal, tallow or oil are suitable
fluxes. A feeding tube or guiding passage, as described in Drawing,
Figure 2, is placed in such a position in relation to the divisions or
"racks in the said travelling or revolving rack that a sheet dropped
"into the mouth of such feeding tube or passage is furnished with a
"check or stop, so that the sheet cannot descend beyond a certain point
"unless the division or space in the travelling or revolving rack is in
"the proper position to receive it. The travelling rack shewn by the
"annexed Drawing, Figure 1, or the revolving rack, Figure 2, are so
"arranged that the sheets of metal marked A, after being dropped
"into the feeding tube or passage B, may be released by the catch B'
being withdrawn by the arms C¹ of the rack C; the rack O with
"the plate A therein are then caused to move immediately under the
withdrawing rollers D. On either end of the rack C, but within
"the bath W, is a bar or frame E, see Figure 1. These bars or
"frames rise and carry up with them the plate out of the rack C, so
"as to cause the upper end of the plate to enter into the nip of the
withdrawing rollers D, by which the plate is withdrawn. One
"division of the rack having been thus emptied, and the other division
"thereof having received a plate from the feeding tube or passage, the
empty division is caused to pass away to receive a fresh plate from its
"6
"
"
"
feeding tube, and the one containing a plate will by the same move-
"ment be brought under the withdrawing rollers. This lateral or
"horizontal movement of the rack is obtained by means of the crank
"and connecting rod O and P, or it may be accomplished by other
"suitable mechanism. Or in place of causing the plates to rise out of
"the rack they may be raised to the nip of the withdrawing rollers by
"means of a lever and cam, as shewn at Figure 2, the truck of 'the lever
being constantly kept up to the face of its cam by means of a spring,
"as usual. The requisite motion is given to the revolving rack by
"means of a ratchet wheel G moved by a pall or driver marked H,
" which receives motion from a crank I; or the requisite movements
may be otherwise obtained. Or such flux baths may contain coating
"metal below the flux, in which case the rack may be partially or
wholly immersed in the coating metal, and partly or wholly below the
"flux. When I cause--sheets in process of coating, to pass through a
"
"

page_text: "second bath of molten tin or alloys melting at a suitable temperature
"I withdraw them between rollers working in contact with a flux of
tallow, oil, or fatty matter. I make the rollers of such second bath
"work in combination with the rollers of the first bath of melted metal,
so that the sheets travel by the aid of machinery, as hicrein-before
"described, from the one to the other, and lose a portion of their heat in
"such travel. I prefer to place such withdrawing rollers so far above
"the surface of the melted tin or alloys that the slect or piece of metal
"is above and not in contact with the surface of the body of coating
"metal when it enters the nip of the rollers, but has a travel of rather
"more than three inches through the flux, which is on the surface of
"such melted tin or alloys before it reaches the nip of the said with-
drawing rollers, and through about half an inch to one inch of flux
"after leaving the nip of such rollers if I am coating small tin plate
"sizes, as 20×14 inch, or 25 × 17; in this case I make the diameter of
"the withdrawing rollers 4 to 5 inch, but if I am coating sheet iron
" or pieces of large size and width, and desire to give a thin coating,
"I allow them to travel through an inch and half or even two inches of
"flux after leaving the nip of the rollers. In this case I make the
" diameter of the withdrawing rollers larger, say six inch."
"
"
66
"I construct the withdrawing rollers (which work in the flux) of steel,
" and, as before stated, I keep them perfectly coated with tin or other
coating metal of the best quality. When the sheets or pieces of metal
*are travelling rapidly from the first to the second bath the tallow or
flux which the sheets carry up from the exit side of the first bath to
"the withdrawing rollers or to the rollers between the first and second
"bath may be sufficient (especially if the pairs work rather slack) to
keep such rollers so far in contact with the flux as to answer in a
"measure the purpose of this Invention, although the rollers may not
"be partially or wholly immersed in the flux. I prefer to communi-
"cate motion to the rollers by means of a stop so as to avoid as far as
possible the risk of jarring or jolting of the wheels. I also find it
"desirable when I give a long travel, say, three feet or more, through
"the melted metal, to use a flux containing chloride of zinc, chloride
" of tin, or chloride of cadmium, which I prefer to use mixed in the
"proportions stated in the following paragraph."
86
"When I use two baths of melted metal working in combination, as

page_text: "herein-before described, so as to give a long travel to the sheets or
"C
"
"
66
pieces of metal undergoing the process of coating, I cause the sheets
"to pass through a flux containing chloride of zinc, or chloride of tin,
or chloride of cadmium confined on the entrance side of the first
"coating bath by a bar, or what is commonly termed a flux box. The
"flux which I prefer to use on the entrance side of the melted coating
"metal is chloride of zinc mixed with a portion of carbonate of soda,
say, one-tenth part by weight of soda, and with about 4th salammoniac
by weight to forty-five per cent. of chloride of zinc, with 20 Fer cent.
"of rosin or tallow on the melted tin, or chloride of tin with
"chloride of zinc, and salammoniac or chloride of cadmium, sal-
"ammoniac, chloride of zinc, and chloride of tin, say, one-fourth each,
"of chloride of tin and chloride of cadmium mixed with 4th sal-
"ammoniac, and 4th chloride of zine by measure on the melted lead
or alloys of lead and tin, in order to make the pieces undergoing the
process of coating take the melted metal quickly, and to enable me to
"cause the sheets to pass more rapidly through the melted metal."
$6
"
"
"Another part of my Invention consists in connecting the screws and.
bearings of the finishing withdrawing rollers (by which I mean the
"rollers which assist the sheet in making its exit from the finishing
"bath of coating metal or of the flux) with a spring or lever, or causing
"them to press against some elastic matter, so that when a thick sheet of
"metal is to be passed between the rollers immediately after a thin one,
"I am able to cause the upper of the pair of rollers supposing them to be
"set one above the other as described in my Patent of 3rd October 1859,,
"to rise sufficiently to admit of the coating sheet travelling between
"them, by merely giving a slight forward impulse by hand or otherwise
"to such slicet, such impulse being sufficient to cause the sheet to enter
"the opening and nip between the pair of rollers, which then by their
"revolution assist in drawing it forward, and whilst passing between
"the pair of rollers the sheet itself presses up the roller and its axles,
"and in so doing also raises the bearings of the upper roller, such
bearings being attached to a spring or lever, or working in connection
"with it. I have been in the habit of using withdrawing rollers placed
one above the other, as described in my Patent of 3rd October 1850,
"and in this case I place as a spring a spiral steel coil, the under cide
[CE of which rests on the flat top of the bearing, and the upper side
6

page_text: "
"
"
"
<<
readily
^
against a flat picce of iron upon which the bottom of the screw sits.
"This coil may be enclosed in a hollow iron tube or cylinder, and kept
steady by a rod or piece of iron as a support in the centre. The top
"of this spiral steel coil rests against a flat picce of iron which sits
"between the top of the spring and the bottom of the screw; or a lever
"with a ball attached to it may be used when the sheet has passed
" between the rollers; of course the lever or spring allows them to come
together again. If the pair of withdrawing rollers be so placed that
they are made to sit horizontally in relation to the surface of the
"melted metal the principle remains the same, but the springs or lever
working in connection with the bearings enable me to move the
"bearings so that the onward impulse of the sheet as it enters
"the nip of the rollers, or such impulse combined with the movement
"of the revolving pair of rollers causes the bearings to part or open
"from one another sufficiently to allow the easy and proper travel of
"the sheet whether it be thick or thin, and as the sheet leaves the nip
"of the rollers they close so far as is desirable until the next sheet
".opens them again. In place of a lever or spring india-rubber or some
"other clastic or yielding material may be used between a flat picce of
"iron placed under the screw (by which the bearing of the upper roller
"of the pair is held down) and the bearing itself, so that when the axle
" of one of the rollers of the pair presses against the bearing the bearing
"has a like pressure against the india-rubber or other yielding or elastic
"substance, which in its turn presses against the flat iron under the
"end of the screw instead of the bearing itself pressing against the sct
"and rigid screw.
Either spring, lever, india-rubber, or clastic matter
"must be at such a distance from the molten metal, or flux, or heat as
" to insure its action not being impeded or materially injured by heat,
66
pair of
^
clogging, or otherwise. This may be arranged by adding a piece to
"the top or end of the bearing upon which the bottom of the spring
"sits, so as to lengthen the bearing and remove the spring to a sufficient
"distance from the heat."
"
"
"What I claim is, first, the use of two or more pairs of rollers
working in contact with the flux, and so arranged as to convey the
sheets or pieces of metal in a somewhat horizontal direction, and so
"that the end of the sheet which enters first also leaves first, and by
"their combined action with the assistance of the flux I accomplish the

page_text: "equalizing or reducing the coating metal on the surfaces of such sheets
"or plates as described."
"Also the use of three revolving rollers arranged so as to work in
"conjunction in contact with the flux, instead of two or more pairs of
"rollers as described."
"Also the use of a pair of rollers and a guide, or it may be a guiding
roller, such guides aiding in causing the sheet or piece of metal to pass
"through the flux in a nearly horizontal direction to the rollers which
"withdraw such sheet or piece from the flux as described."
"Second. The causing sheets or suitable picces of metal coated
"or in process of being coated to travel between rollers working in
"contact with flux contained in two baths or vessels-mechanically, as
"described."
$$
combined
Thirdly. The use of a travelling or revolving rack and apparatus
"working in connection with withdrawing rollers as described."
65
Fourthly. The causing sheets or suitable picces of metal in process
"of coating to make their exit from the second bath (of molten tin or
"alloys of tin, or alloys of lead melting at a suitable temperature)
"between rollers working in contact with a flux of tallow, oil, or fatty
"matter, the rollers in the second bath working in combination with
"the rollers of the first bath as described."
"
66
* Fifthly. The use of a flux containing chloride of zinc, chloride of
tin, or chloride of cadmium on the entrance side of the bath of coating
"metal when I use a double bath as described."
"
"
Sixthly. The arranging of the screws and bearings of the finishing
withdrawing rollers, or those which assist in causing the sheets or
"pieces to make their exit from the melted coating metal or flux in the
finishing bath, so that they shall work in connection with a spring or
lever, or with india-rubber, or some elastic matter, whereby I am
"enabled to cause the rollers to move readily so as to suit the
varying gauges and sizes of the sheets or pieces of metal passing
between them."
6
In witness whereof, I, the said Edmund Morewood, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
EDMP. MOREWOOD. (L.S.)

page_text: To the Commissioners of Patents for Inventions.
I hereby grant my fiat, giving leave to the above-named Edmund
Morewood, to file in the Great Seal Patent Office, with the Specification
to which the same relates, the above written Amended Disclaimer and
Memorandum of Alteration.
Temple,
R. P. COLLIER,
July 12th, 1869.
Attorney-General.