Improvements in Window Frames and Sashes.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Sept., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 26th July, 1894-Accepted, 1st Sept., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Window Frames and Sashes.
I, JOHN CLAYTON, of 9 Adland Street, Burnley, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Its objects are, to dispense with sash cords, pulleys, weights, weight-boxes, and
sash-beads, as generally used in windows, and to permit of both sashes being
opened in such a manner as to allow the inside and outside of the windows to be
cleaned within the room.
These improvements obviate the necessity of resorting to the dangerous practice
of sitting or standing on the window-sill, or leaning out of the room.
In order to effectually accomplish the objects of this invention I construct the
frame and sashes as follows:-
The sides, and top and bottom of the frame, are rectangular in shape, having
plane straight surfaces on the inside, and being provided at the top and bottom
with horizontal pieces for the sashes to close against.
The two sides are also provided with two vertical strips, each preferably the
same width and length as the sash.
To the top half of the front of the side rails of each sash I securely fix a
"block" which projects or over-hangs so as to come in contact with and over-lap
(when the sash is closed) and fit close, to the side of the vertical strip, securely
attached to the sides of the frame.
"
are
The thickness of the "vertical strip" and the projection of the "block
equal, consequently on opening or closing either of the sashes they will just clear
the "vertical strips."
'
Another "block" precisely similar to the one fixed to the top half of the side
rails, and of the same width, is attached to the side of the "vertical strip" on the
frames.
°
These two blocks are hinged together, preferably about the middle of the side
rails, so that when the sash is opened, the block attached to the top part of the side
rails is carried by the sash, but the strip or block attached to the vertical strip on
the frames remains stationary.
Each sash swivels on the hinges attached to the blocks and the peculiar method
of mounting and supporting the sash by means of the hinges, blocks, and vertical
strips previously described, together with the tongueing and grooving hereinafter
mentioned, secures perfect immunity from draughts, and the penetration of rain etc.
to the interior of the room.
Although I prefer to construct my invention in the manner indicated above, I do
not confine myself exclusively to that method, but also embrace the following as
an alternative means of carrying my invention into practical effect, or the two
arrangements, or any of the parts thereof may be combined.
Instead of carrying out my invention in the manner described above I may
construct the sashes in such a manner that they are hung or supported by two
swivels one fixed on each side-rail-on which they may be turned, either partially,
for ventilating purposes, or, to such an extent as to reverse the inside to the outside,
or vice-versa when being cleaned.
The swivels are inserted in suitable recesses or bearings in the sides of the
frame.
Slots are provided in the frame so that the sashes may be readily and expeditiously
inserted and withdrawn, without the aid of skilled labour.

page_text: When the sashes are inserted in the frame, the slots through which the swivels
are inserted, are made up by a removable filling piece securely fastened when in
position by a screw, so as to maintain the sashes in their proper position, and prevent
any possibility of their rising; falling out, or deviating from the centres in which
they turn, in consequence of the friction of the strip or tube (hereinafter mentioned)
against the sides of the frame.
The vertical sides of the sashes are grooved or channeled, so as to receive a
flexible strip or tube, having one or more webs or projections, by which it is
secured longitudinally to the bottom of the groove or channel.
This flexible strip or tube projects slightly beyond the edges of the groove or
channel, and as such groove or channel is wider than the thickness or diameter of
the strip or tube, it is compressed by the closing of the sash; turned partially over
ou its side and buried in the groove or channel.
The flexible strip or tube is constantly pressing against the side of the frame,
and effectually prevents air-draughts or water from penetrating to the interior of
the room.
The friction caused by the flexible strip or tube, pressing against the sides of the
frame, causes the sashes to remain in any position in which it may be desired to
set them, for ventilating purposes.
Ventilation may also be obtained by means of suitable hit or miss adjustable
slides, fixed to the top and bottom rails of the sashes, which are perforated or
slotted for the purpose.
The roller blind supports are preferably attached to the upper rail of the top
sash.
The meeting rails, also the top and bottom rails of the sashes, and the frame,
and the side rails of the sashes, as well as the "blocks" and vertical and horizontal
strips, may be tongued and grooved to prevent the entrance of air draughts and
water.
The sashes may be opened and closed and held in any intermediate position by
cords attached in a suitable manner.
A suitable fastener or holder is provided at the meeting rails, so that the sashes
may be secured close together or at a distance apart from each other.
Slide bars, to slide in and out of contact with the frames or blocks, may also.be
provided on the meeting and bottom rail of the sashes.
Dated this 25th day of September 1893.
JAS. T. PEARSON,
Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Window Frames and Sashes.
I, JOHN CLAYTON of 9, Adland Street, Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, 4
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
Its objects are to dispense with sash-cords, pulleys, weights, weight-boxes, and
sash-beads, as generally used in windows, and to permit of one or both sashes being
opened in such a manner as to allow the inside and outside of the windows to be
cleaned within the room.
These improvements obviate the necessity of resorting to the dangerous practice
of sitting or standing on the window-sill or leaning out of the room.
In order to effectually accomplish the objects of this invention, I construct the 5
frame and sashes as follows:-
The sides and top and bottom of the frame are rectangular in shape, having plain

page_text: straight surfaces on the inside, and being provided at the top and bottom with
horizontal pieces for the sashes to close against.
The two sides of the casing are also provided with two vertical strips, each
preferably the same width and length as the sash.
To the top half of the front of the side rails or stiles of each sash, I securely fix
a "block," which projects or overhangs the side rail or stile, so as to come in
contact with and overlap (when the sash is closed) and fit close against the side of
the vertical strip already mentioned, attached to the sides of the frame or casing.
The thickness of the vertical strip and the projection of the block are equal,
consequently either of the sashes on being opened or closed will just clear the
vertical strips.
Another block precisely similar to the one fixed to the top half of the side rail
and of the same width is attached to the side of the "vertical strip" on the frame
or casing.
These two blocks are hinged together preferably about the middle of the side
rails, so that when the sash is opened the block attached to the top part of the side
rails is carried by the sash, but the strip or block attached to the vertical strip on
the frames remains stationary, and serves as a support or bearing for the full
weight of the sash, which swivels on the hinges attached to the blocks.
The peculiar method of mounting and supporting the sash by means of the hinges,
blocks, and vertical strips previously described, together with the tonguing and
grooving hereinafter mentioned secures perfect immunity from draughts and the
penetration of rain or dust to the interior of the room.
I wish it to be understood that I do not confine myself to any particular method
of binging the sashes, as they may be hung or supported by two swivels or other
suitable joints-one fixed on each side rail or stile-on which they may be turned
either partially for ventilating purposes, or to such an extent as to reverse the
inside to the outside, or vice versa, when being cleaned. The swivels may be
inserted in suitable recesses or bearings in the sides of the casing.
Slots are provided in the frame, so that the sashes may be readily and
expeditiously inserted and withdrawn without the aid of skilled labour.
When the sashes are inserted in the frame, the slots, through which the swivels
are inserted are made up by a removable filling piece securely fastened when in
position by a screw, so as to maintain the sashes in their proper position, and prevent
any possibility of their rising, falling out, or deviating from the centres in which
they turn in consequence of the friction of the strip or tube (hereinafter mentioned)
against the sides of the frame.
The vertical sides of the sashes are grooved or channelled to receive a flexible
strip or tube, having one or more webs or projections, by which it is secured
longitudinally to the bottom of the groove or channel.
This flexible strip or tube projects slightly beyond the edges of the groove or
channel, and as such groove or channel is wider than the thickness or diameter of
the strip or tube, it is compressed by the closing of the sash, turned or rolled
partially over on its side and buried in the groove or channel.
The flexible strip or tube is constantly pressing against the side of the frame,
and effectually prevents air-draughts or water from penetrating to the interior of
the room.
The friction caused by the flexible strip or tube pressing against the sides of the
frame causes the sashes to remain in any position in which it may be desired to set
them for ventilating purposes.
Ventilation may be obtained also by means of suitable hit-or-miss adjustable
slides, fixed to the top and bottom rails of the sashes, which are perforated or slotted
for the purpose.
The roller blind supports are preferably attached to the upper rail of the top
sash. The meeting rails, also the top and bottom rails of the sashes, and the frame,
and the side-rails of the sashes as well as the "blocks" and vertical and horizontal
strips may be tongued and grooved to prevent the entrance of air-draughts and water,

page_text: The sashes may be opened and closed and held in any intermediate position by
cords attached in a suitable manner.
A suitable fastener or holder is provided at the meeting rails, so that the sashes
may be secured close together, or at a distance apart from each other.
Slide bars or bolts, to slide in and out of contact with the frames or blocks may
also be provided on the meeting and bottom rails of the sashes.
My invention will be fully understood by reference to the accompanying
drawings
-
Fig. 1 is a sectional side elevation, and Fig. 2 is a front elevation of a window
sash frame and sashes constructed in accordance with my invention.
Referring to Fig. 1, A is the side of the window frame, which may be
rectangular in shape, having plain, straight surfaces on the inside, and provided at
the top and bottom with horizontal pieces or bars A¹ for the sashes to close against.
To the side of the window-frame are fixed two vertical strips B, each occupying a
position corresponding to the side rails or stiles of the sashes C when closed, thus
serving as a kind of face board therefor. Fixed in front of these strips and at right
angles to the side of the frame is a stationary supporting piece or block D, which
is preferably about half the length of the sash. To the upper half of the stile or
side rail of the sash is fixed another or similar block E, which extends about midway
of the sash and moves with it.
Both blocks are hinged or jointed together by a hinge or swivel or other joint F
about midway of the side rail of the sash, the lower or stationary block D serving
as a support for the sash, which turns bodily upon it by the hinge F. The upper
block E projects a little beyond the side rail of the sash, so that when the latter is
closed, it will come flush against the end of the vertical strip B.
The sashes may be opened and closed or balanced in any desired position by
cords G passed through eyelets H, and over a hook in the frame.
The positions of the stationary block D and hinged block E may be reversed, the
hinged block E in this instance being hinged to the lower extremity of the
stationary block.
The meeting rails J, also if need be the top and bottom rails of the sashes as
well as the "blocks," and vertical and horizontal strips may be formed with
tongues K and grooves L to prevent penetration of air-draughts and water, when
the sashes are closed.
In Fig. 3 is represented further improved and novel means for rendering the frames
and sashes draught, dust and water proof. CC are the top and bottom sashes, in
the side rails of which are formed V or other suitably shaped grooves, in which we
cement or otherwise fix a strip or tube M of elastic or flexible material preferably
rubber, which when the sashes are closed is compressed or rolled against the sides
of the grooves and the frame A respectively, and becoming buried in the grooves,
and at the same time filling the interstices between them and the frame A of the
window efficiently serves the purpose intended, and entirely prevents the entrance
of draughts, dust or rain.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, declare that what
I claim is
.
1. The improved construction of sash and sash frame, substantially as described
and illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2.
2. Stationary supporting block D having hinged or jointed thereto block E
carrying sash C, which turns bodily upon the said hinge or joint, substantially as
described and illustrated.
3. Tonguing and grooving respective parts of sash, frame, side and meeting rails,
top and bottom rails, as well as the "blocks" and vertical strips, substantially as
described and illustrated for the purpose set forth.
4. The arrangement represented in Fig. 3 for preserving immunity from draughts,
dust or rain, substantially as described,

page_text: 5. The combination of vertical strips B, of stationary supporting block D, to
which is hinged block E carrying sash C, of the method of tonguing and grooving
the parts of the frame and sash for excluding air draughts, and also of the
improved construction of sash frame, substantially as described for the purpose set
5 forth.
Dated this 94th day of Tul., 1904
F. RICHMOND,
12, Standish Street, Burnley, Agent for the Applicant.