IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Shae Perring, of Radcliffe, in the County of
Lancaster, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS."
Sealed the 25th September 1855, and dated the 28th March 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Shae Perring at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th March 1855..
I, the said JOHN SHAE PERRING, of Radcliffe, in the County of Lancaster,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates, firstly, to a method of constructing the chairs of
railways, and of applying them to sleepers. The chair I form in two parts,
one of which is provided with a bed plate or plates, by which it is attached to
the sleeper or sleepers; the other part forms a clip or loose cheek; which is
drawn forcibly towards the other, clipping the rail between them by means of
bolts, keys, or other such apparatus. The two portions of the chair extend
downward, and in-that situation bear against each, other..
Secondly, my
Invention relates to the construction of railway crossings, the
points or tongues of which I construct, in such manner that both sides are, alike.
and fit them into chairs, so that when one side or surface is worn out they can
be turned over and used again.
11

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Shae Perring in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 26th September 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
SHAE PERRING, of Radcliffe, in the County of Lancaster, Civil Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said John Shae Perring, Her especial licence that I, the said John
Shae Perring, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said John Shae Perring, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said John Shae Perring, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Shae Perring, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying Drawing (that is to say):-
My Invention relates, firstly, to a method of constructing the chairs of
railways, and of applying them to sleepers; and, secondly, to the construction
of railway crossings.
In the accompanying Drawings, Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4 represent one method of
carrying out my first improvement. Two sleepers are shewn at a, b, to which
the chair c is attached; the upper part thereof corresponds to the section of the
rail d, and the lower part extends downward, as at e, e. To the other side of
the rail is adapted a separate cheek or clip f, also extending downward at g,g,
so as to meet the prolongations e, e, and the two parts are drawn together by
bolts h, h, situate below the rail, by which means it is securely held. The

page_text: nuts i of the bolts h are shewn within recesses formed in the fixed part c of
the chair; they are therefore prevented from revolving, and the tightening is
effected by turning the bolt heads. At each end of the fixed chair is a
projection k, extending upward, so as to prevent the rail from moving in the
event of the cheek or clip f becoming loosened, and this may be used without
the clip for the intermediate support of the rails. A modification of this part
of my improvements is shewn at Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8. In this instance one sleeper a
only is employed, to which the chair c is attached, as above described, and
against which the rail d is drawn by the check or clip f and bolts h. The
downward prolongations e, g, in this instance are situate on the sides of the
sleeper.
The second part of my improvement is shewn at Figs. 9, 10. The former
of these represents the ordinary section of the rail, which I gradually reduce,
according to the red lines, so that at that part which constitutes the crossing
point the section will be as at Fig. 10. To this chairs of my improved or of
ordinary construction may be adapted, and as the upper and lower parts of the
rail are of the same form, it may be turned and used again when worn out on
one side.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire it to be understood
that I claim, as secured to me under the above in part recited Letters
Patent,
Firstly, the application of detached checks or clips for confining the rails to
chairs affixed to sleepers, such chairs and cheeks or clips extending downward
below the rails, and being drawn together by bolts or other apparatus.
Secondly, as applied to crossing points, I claim constructing them so that
they may be used with either side upward.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Shae Perring, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Twenty-fourth day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
DODDIYA
J.S. PERF
ERRING.
(L.B.)