A NEW METHOD OR PROCESS IN THE APPLICATION AND LAYING ON OF THU SUBSTANCES USED IN THE PAINTING, COLOURING, TINTING, AND ORNAMENTING OF CHINA, PORCELAIN, EARTHENWARE, AND OTHER WARES OF THE SAME DESCRIPTION, BY WHICH SUCH WARES CAN BE PAINTED AND ORNAMENTED WITH FLOWERS AND OTHER DEVICES IN A MUCH CHEAPER AND MORE SIMPLE AND EXPEDITIOUS MANNER THAN BY ANY PROCESS NOW IN USE, AND COLOURS OF ALL OR ANY VARIETY MAY BE PAINTED, SHADED, MIXED, AND BLENDED TOGETHER IN ONE OF AND THE SAME DESIGN OR PATTERN, AND HARDENED OR BURNT INTO THE SUBSTANCE OF THE AFORESAID WARES BY A SINGLE PROCESS OF
Year: 1839

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
WOOD, of Burslem, in the County of Stafford, Manufacturer of Mineral
Colours, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Gracious Majesty Queen Victoria, in and by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Sixteenth day of December now last past, and in the third
year of Her Majesty's reign, did give and grant unto me, the said John Wood,
my exors, admiors, and assigns, Her Majesty's especial licence, full power, sole
privilege and authority, that I, the said John Wood, my exors, adñiors, and
assigns, and every of them, by myself and themselves, or by my and their deputy
or deputies, servants or agents, or such others as I, the said John Wood, my
exors, adñiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term of years therein
specified, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
that part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England,
the Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of
"A NEW METHOD OR PROCESS IN THE APPLICATION AND LAYING ON OF THU
SUBSTANCES USED IN THE PAINTING, COLOURING, TINTING, AND ORNAMENTING OF
CHINA, PORCELAIN, EARTHENWARE, AND OTHER WARES OF THE SAME DESCRIPTION,
BY WHICH SUCH WARES CAN BE PAINTED AND ORNAMENTED WITH FLOWERS AND
OTHER DEVICES IN A MUCH CHEAPER AND MORE SIMPLE AND EXPEDITIOUS MANNER
THAN BY ANY PROCESS NOW IN USE, AND COLOURS OF ALL OR ANY VARIETY MAY
BE PAINTED, SHADED, MIXED, AND BLENDED TOGETHER IN ONE OF AND THE SAME
DESIGN OR PATTERN, AND HARDENED OR BURNT INTO THE SUBSTANCE OF THE
AFORESAID WARES BY A SINGLE PROCESS OF FIRING OR HARDENING IN THE
ENAMELLING KILN;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that if

page_text: I, the said John Wood, should not particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, and cause
the same to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within
two calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent, the said Letters Patent, and all liberties and advantages whatsoever
thereby granted, should utterly cease, determine, and become void, as in and
the said Letters Patent, reference being thereunto had, will more fully
appear.
NOW THEREFORE KNOW YE, that I, the said John Wood, in com-
pliance with the said proviso, do hereby describe and ascertain the nature
of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by the
following description tliercof:-
My Invention consists in the drawing any pattern or design first with the
ordinary size or varnish, and then laying on any mineral colours not in
a liquid or diluted state, according to the method now in use, but in a dry
levigated state, upon this duly prepared ground of size or varnish, whereby the
various colours made use of readily adhere to the pattern; and by laying one
tint or shade on at a time, and carefully blending the edges of each together,
various tints and effects of light and shade can be produced; and the said
colours can be worked into the ground of size or varnish in this purely dry
state in succession upon and after one another, so as to afford all possible
scope for the pencilling, shading, tinting, and admixture of the various colours
required for completing the pictorial design in a rapid, ready, and com-
paratively cheap method, and with an equally beautiful effect, or even superior
effect, to what is produced by the method now in use. I lay on my colours,
being the mineral colours in ordinary use, in their levigated and dry state, as
before stated, upon such varnish or size with fine brushes or hair pencils, and
I use as many colours in succession as I find needful, and shade, mix, and blend
them one with another all in their dry levigated state, so as to finish at once
the painting of the wares; and then, by a single operation of firing or harden-
ing in the enamelling kiln, I give them their proper brilliancy and fix them
indelibly. By the means so described all articles of china, porcelain, earthen-
ware, and other wares of the same description may be painted, tinted, and
ornamented with patterns, flowers, fruit, shells, birds, landscapes, and other
devices in a much cheaper and more simple and expeditious manner than by
any process heretofore in use; and in a like cheap and expeditious manner,
by the application of the colours in manner herein-before stated, various
colours may be mixed, blended, and shaded in grounds for gilding or not, as

page_text: may be required; and the advantage of my process will be more evident when
it is understood that all variegated paintings of china and earthenware are now
done with liquid colours (that is to say), with colours diluted with turpentine,
tar, or water, in the same manner as oil or water colours are used upon
canvass or paper, which colours, when applied to china or earthenware, do not
admit of being laid one upon another to an indefinite extent without being
subjected to one or more intermediate process or processes of firing, or (as the
term is) hardening on in an enamelling kiln, by which much additional labour,
time, and expense of fuel are occasioned.
My Invention is applicable either to the painting of china and earthen-
ware in their biscuit state, being that produced by their first process of
firing, when they are highly porous and readily absorb any liquid applied
to them, (this method being termed underglaze painting,) or to what is termed
enamel painting, being the general mode of painting and ornamenting such of
these wares as are intended for a higher degree of taste and finish after they
have been glazed, by undergoing their second process of firing in what is
termed the gloss oven.
Now, whereas I am aware that self colours have been applied to china ware
in a powdered state by means of tufts of cotton wool, but I claim as my
Invention the laying on of various mineral colours in a dry powdered state, to
form one design in various tints and of different depths of light and shade, by
laying on, blending, and working the same, in manner aforesaid, with brushes
or bair pencils, and such my Invention being to the best of my knowledge and
belief entirely new, and never before used within that part of Her said
Majesty's United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, Her
Dominion of Wales, or Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, I do hereby declare
this to be my Specification of the same, and that I do verily believe this my
said Specification doth comply in all respects, fully and without reserve
or disguise, with the proviso in the said herein-before recited Letters Patent
contained; wherefore I hereby claim to maintain exclusive right and privilege
to my said Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Wood, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, the Eleventh day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Eleventh day of February, in
the year of our Lord 1840, the aforesaid John Wood came before our said
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Thirteenth day of February, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty.