Improvements in Cultivators.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 11th July, 1895
Complete Specification Left, 11th May, 1896-Accepted, 11th July, 1896
Improvements in Cultivators.
1, PHILIP JOSEPH PARMITER, of The Patent Harrow Works, Ansty, near
Salisbury, in the County of Wilts, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows :-
My invention relates to cultivators or land grubbers and has for its object to
construct a cultivator which can be readily expanded or contracted according to
the nature of the work which it is required to perform.
In carrying out my said invention I provide a frame mounted upon wheels and
adapted to be expanded in the same manner as the frame of the rake described in
the Specification of my former Letters Patent No. 13988, the extensible
portions of the frame being adapted to telescope or fit into the fixed portion.
The teeth of my cultivator are preferably spring-teeth and are fixed in angle
steel sockets so that the distance apart can be adjusted with facility, the teeth
being firmly held in any required position.
In practice I prefer to arrange two sets of teeth working one behind the other
and pivoted to separate frames, the frames themselves being mounted upon the
main frame.
In some cases I find it advantageous to provide means for lifting the teeth out
of the ground, and I advantageously employ for this purpose lifting mechanism of
the kind referred to in the specification of the said former Patent. I can also
provide means for pressing the teeth into the ground for example a lever and a
spiral or C-spring may be employed so as to allow of the axle being turned so as to
apply pressure to or lift the tooth-frame according to the direction in which the
axle is turned.
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1005
H
J, PHILIP JOSEPH PARMITER, of The Patent Harrow Works, Ansty, near
Salisbury, in the County of Wilts, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to cultivators or land grubbers aud comprises the improve-
ments hereinafter described.
I provide a frame mounted upon wheels and designed to be expanded in the same
manner as the frame of the rake described in the Specification of my former
Letters Patent No. 13988, the extensible portions of the frame being adapted
to telescope or fit into the fixed portion.
The teeth of my cultivator are preferably spring-teeth and are fixed so that
the distance apart, both transversely and longitudinally of the machine, can be
adjusted with facility, the teeth being firmly held in any required position.

page_text: In practice I prefer to arrange two sets of teeth working one behind the other
and pivoted to separate frames, the frames themselves being mounted upon the
main frame.
I provide means for lifting the teeth out of the ground, and I employ for this
purpose lifting mechanism of the kind referred to in the specification of the said
former Patent. I can also provide means for pressing the teeth into the ground,
for example, a lever and a spiral or C-spring may be employed so as to allow of
the axle being turned to apply pressure to or lift the tooth-frame according to the
direction in which the axle is turned.
To enable my invention to be fully understood I will describe the same by
reference to the accompanying drawings, in which :-
Figure 1 is a plan of a cultivator constructed according to my invention; and,
Figure 2 is a sectional side view thereof.
a is a tubular axle having extension pieces b, b sliding within it, and c, c are the
travelling wheels upon the ends of the said extension pieces. d. d are brackets
having attached to them the draught irons e, e to which the shafts fare fixed,
the axle a being free to move in the said brackets.
9, 9 are the tines, which are fixed to a shaft by means of clips i, i which
pass through the said shaft and are secured by nuts, packing-pieces j, j being
placed between the tines and the shaft. This mode of fixing the tines permits of
their being readily adjusted forwards and backwards, and also transversely when
the shaft h is slotted. As shewn in the drawing the tines are arranged in two
rows, the alternate tines being in one row and the intermediate tines in the other
row. If desired, however, both the frout and back sets of teeth can be arranged
in two rows, making four rows in all. The shaft h is made in sections (in Figure 1
it is represented as being in three sections) so as to permit of the tines following
the inequalities of the land. These sections of the shaft h are each connected by
means of links k, k to lugs on a bar fixed to the draught irons e, e and forming
part of the main frame. It will be understood that with this arrangement the
different groups of teeth can rise and fall relatively with the main axle a.
In order that the position of the parts of the divisional shaft relatively with
the axle a and consequently also the depth at which the tines work can be regulated,
I fix on the axle a arms m, m the outer ends of which enter slots in bars n, n
connected to the shaft h through arms o, o and which serve to suspend the sail
shaft. It will be seen that if the axle a is partially rotated to lower the outer
ends of the arms m, the shaft h and consequently also the tiues will be lowered and
vice versa. The slots formed in the bars n, n permit of any upward movement of
the tines in case of their meeting any obstruction, C-springs p, p fixed to the
axle a and with their outer or free ends pressing upon the ends of the bars n, n
serving to press the tines down and retain them in their working positions under
normal conditions.
9, is a skeleton lever fixed to the axle a; r, a treadle pivoted to the said lever
at ; and s, a link for lifting the tines from the ground when required, the said
lever and treadle being arranged in substantially the manner described in the
specification of my Patent before referred to except that the link s serves instead
of the chain described in the said specification.
It will be obvious that the position of the arms m, m which regulate the depth
at which the tines work will be dependent upon the position of the lever q, and
also that the position of the lever q is more or less affected by the lengthening or
shortening of the link s, I therefore provide the links at one end with a screw-
thread and nut as at t for purposes of adjustment the teeth being put deeper in
work or depressed when the nut is screwed up and raised when the nut is loosened.
In practice a spring t¹ is arranged between this nut and the stay u through which
the link passes in order to obviate shock to the parts when being operated by the
treadle, and to relieve the frames carrying, the tines from undue strain in case the
amount of lift provided for by the slots in the bars n n is not sufficient.
As in practice the teeth of the cultivator will only require lifting occasionally,

page_text: for instance, when turning, I provide in connection with the treadler a locking
lever v.
This lever vis pivoted on the links and at one end is designed to.
engage beneath the rear end of the treadle, as shewn at w in Figure 2, whilst
the other end is designed to be acted upon by the foot to disengage it from
the treadle.
To allow of the machine being worked from behind I provide the locking lever v
with a rearward extension w³ and I also arrange in conjunction with the axle a.
a lever a, which lever extends to the rear of the machine. This lever serves for
applying when required additional pressure to the teeth or tines and, in order that
this pressure may be applied by a person who is sitting upon the seat, I arrange
the said lever in conjunction with a segment y fixed to the axle a and having
in it two holes z, through which a pin can be passed into a corresponding hole
in the lever so as to fix it in either the forward or backward position.
2
In order to increase the width of the cultivator it is only necessary to draw
out the extension pieces of the axle to afford room for additional teeth which are
connected to bars similar to the bars h as hereinbefore described and attached to
extension pieces telescoping in the ends of the bar l.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what i
claim is :-
1. A cultivator wherein the teeth are arranged in groups carried by independent.
frames between suitable travelling wheels, which travelling wheels are adapted to
be moved apart in order to afford space for an additional group or groups of teeth
or tines, substantially as described.
2. In a cultivator having the teeth or tines arranged in groups carried by
independent frames as described, the arrangement of mechanism, such as the
lever (g), the treadle (r) and the link (s) for lifting the tines out of the ground
when desired in combination with the screw adjustment t and spring t¹ substantially
as described for the purpose specified.
3. In a cultivator having the teeth or tines arranged in groups carried by
independent frames, the combination with the said frames of levers such as m
entering slots in rods n connected with the said tine frames and springs such
as p, p which bear upon the upper ends of the said rods, substantially as, and for
the purposes, described.
4. In a cultivator having the teeth or tines arranged in groups carried by
independent frames, means substantially as hereinbefore described for lifting and
pressing the tines from and into their work, substantially as described.
5. The improved cultivator consisting of the parts constructed and combined
substantially in the manner hereinbefore described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings and operating, as and for the purposes, set forth.
Dated this 11th day of May 1896.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.