IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Quintin Whyte and John Whyte, both of the
City of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
Sealed the 19th March 1869, and dated the 29th October 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Quintin Whyte and
John Whyte at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 29th October 1868.
We, QUINTIN WHYTE and JOHN WHYTE, both of the City of Glasgow,
in the County of Lanark, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as
follows, that is to say:--
This said Invention consists in new or improved simple and most
efficient modes of and arrangements of mechanism for actuating the set
or sets of compound or multiple shuttle boxes of looms for weaving
striped, checked, and other ornamented or figured fabrics requiring two,
three, or more shuttle boxes and shuttles in each set.

page_text: By one modification or mode and arrangement of this said Invention
as applied to a power loom having a single set of three shuttle boxes
(ranged and guided vertically in a line at one end of the lathe and
shuttle race all in a usual manner) the lower end of the carrying and
actuating rod or spear of the shuttle box is linked or jointed vertically to
the front end of a longitudinal lever fulcrumed on a strong stationary
transverse horizontal axis or stud near its centre, the lever being counter-
balanced by a weight or spring equivalent to the weight of the rod, and
moving shuttle boxes and shuttles, actuated intermittently in both
directions up and down, through a positive motion taken from a crank
and pin on the overhanging end of the second motion "tappet" or cam
shaft, to its three positions to suit the respective shuttle boxes when in
a line with the race, by the latter part of the downward motion and
lower ends of two pendant oscillatory depressers, which are linked
together at their lower ends, having three steps on each set over an
actuating and fixing or steadying lateral stud projecting from the side
of each arm of the spear lever at a considerable and equal distance from
its fulcrum or oscillating centre, all so stepped and set that the oscil-
lation of the lower ends of these depressers on their upper ends, where
they are jointed for that purpose, to near the centre part of two
actuating segmentally toothed levers gearing into cach other at their
free ends so as to rise and fall equally on their axial centres or fulcrums
set in slotted journal bearing blocks without covers, fixed to the side
frame of the loom near the front and back some little distance above the
tappet shaft and actuating crank. The pin of the crank actuates a short
connecting rod and one of the two levers directly attached to it at onc
end and a pin in the oscillating end of the lever at the other, so as to
communicate the same simultaneous reciprocatory up-and-down motion
given to it by the crank to the other lever through the segmental teeth
or wheels in gear on their free ends, as well as the two pressers, which
thus according to the particular and corresponding steps brought by the
oscillation of their lower ends over the actuating studs in the respective
and opposite ends of the moving lever of the spear and shuttle box,
pushes and sets this lever to the horizontal position as the crank is
reaching the lowest part of its "throw" or position, and circular
motion, when two second or middle steps are brought down on their
respective studs and by a positive action thus bring the centre or second
shuttle box in a line with the race steadily without vibration, further
steadied by a pace or friction nut on the end of its spindle whatever the

page_text: speed or momentum of the parts may be, all at the proper time just
before the first pick of the shuttle in the box takes place, the presser
and stud at the one end stopping the motion of the lever at the position
to which the other presser and stud at the opposite end of the lever has
shifted it to. In like manner the first or lowest step of the front presser
in driving down the stud and front arm of the lever, together with the.
highest or third step of the back presser which stops the upward motion.
of the back stud and arm, would bring the top or first shuttle box in a
line with the race, and the lowest or first step on the back presser; ou
being brought downward over its stud in the back arm of the lever, with
the stopping and steadying action of the highest or third step on the
stud in the front arm, would bring the lowest or third shuttle box in a
line with the race all respectively. The shuttle boxes being held in
these three respective positions by a catch stud in one arm of their
actuating lever, upon or over which one of three notches in a hanging.
catch lever is allowed to fall so as to hold it by the force of a spring
acting in the catching direction, when the lever has been set to the
proper position, which notched catch lever is disengaged against the
power of the spring by the downward action of the wedge-shaped or
inclined end of a pendant lever carried by one of the upper actuating
levers of the pressers, which acts between a fixed stud or surface and a
lateral inclined projection on the notched catch, so as to disengage it
from the catch stud of the actuating lever just after the shuttle has
made the second or back pick into the box, and before the pressing steps
reach the studs at the two opposite ends of that lever to shift it and the
boxes. The disengaging pendant lever clearing the lateral inclined part-
of the catch lever in its upward traverse by the wedge action of the two
parts on the opposite side and direction in which it is free to move off
the stud against the power of a light spring, which always brings it back
to the stud again, ready for disengaging the notched holding catch lever
on its downward traverse. The lower linked ends of the pressers are
simultaneously oscillated to and fro every two picks or single revolution
of the second motion shaft, so as to be set when a change of shuttle is
required, by preference in a positive manner in one direction, as they
are rising by an inclined and projecting part on one of them which
comes in contact with and rolls over an antifriction pulley on a stud
fixed in the side frame of the loom against the power of a constant
acting helical spring, or other equivalent, for drawing the pressers back
as soon as the raised or pressing-off piece clears the roller in the

page_text: descending stroke to the proper position of the steps over the studs,
which would then depress one or other of the arms of the lever, and
bring the particular shuttle box and shuttle into action required by the
pattern. The particular position of the steps and lower ends of the
pressers, every two shots of the said three positions required for the three
shuttle boxes to compose the pattern while it is being woven, is deter-
mined by different heights of pins (in this case two) set in a pattern
barrel or cylinder; against the heads of which pattern pins a rest piece
in the centre of a pendant lever oscillating on a fixed spindle and long
boss with vertical and angled notches along its upper lateral sides is
pressed by the action of the spring at the lower end of the coupled
depressers, wlien free to do so after the pattern barrel has been turned,
to one of which depressers this setting lever is directly attached by a
short and a long lateral pin and light longitudinal connecting rod at
their lower ends respectively, all so as to set the proper steps of the
pressers over their studs in the actuating lever of the shuttle boxes (as
so far herein-before described) that they will bring the first, second, and
third shuttle boxes into proper working position with the race respec-
tively, when the rest piece in the centre of the setting lever is pressed
to the three positions of bearing against the periphery of the pattern
barrel without a pin for the first box, and against the head of one of the
lower pattern pins for the second or mid-box, and against the head of
one of the highest pins for the third box. The pattern barrel is.
preferred to be in the form of a light hollow cylindrical web with as
many rings or annular sets of equally divided radial holes bored round.
and through the circumference of the web as will suffice to receive pins
for the greatest number of double picks or shots in the patterns to be
wrought in the loom or half the number when it is a pattern which will
reverse in the backward direction. The barrel so formed, and having a
square or double radial sided and actuating ratchet toothed wheel formed
on one edge, the number of teeth corresponding to that of the pattern
pin holes in the circumference of the barrel is mounted horizontally by
a long or deep eye formed on its central arms upon a strong lateral stud
fast in a bracket fixed to the side frame of the loom near the front, con-
venient for the weaver to attend to or set it, and having a screw nut and
friction washer to hold it in its set position after every shift given to it
while the setting lever of the depressers is kept back off the barrel and
pattern pins, which are thus always left opposite the bearing part of the
lever, and so as to form a setting or bearing rest for it when allowed to.

page_text: fall or is pressed back by the spring against the head of the pattern pin,
when one was present in the hole. The pattern barrel is turned either
backwards or forwards by the two palls working in the double-sided and
acting or toothed ratchet wheel actuated by duplex armed pall lever
every time the depressers rise to the top part of their stroke (against the
power of a spring or weight at one end of the lever which brings it.
always back to its normal position) by an arm or "tappet" fixed on one:
of the actuating segmentally racked levers, which comes in contact with
one arm of the pall lover, which causes the other to turn the pattern.
barrel round one division, equal to one tooth and distance of one pattern
pin cach time, in the forward or back direction of the pattern according:
to the pall that is in gear for the time being: The pattern pins having.
no rubbing or positive moving action to perform except form. a rest for
the setting lever of the depressers, may be mode of wood or other cheap
and simple material driven or otherwise fixed tight into the holes in thic
barrel, so that the heads are near the right height to suit the respective
distances of the steps on the depressers to bring properly into action over
their pressing studs all as described; great accuracy even in this is not
however required from the abundance of "play" or space in the width
of the steps compatible with perfect steadiness and accuracy of the
action of the shuttle boxes by these improvements, with the consequent
advantage of less liability to derangement than where great accuracy is
absolutely necessary in the pattern pins and mechanism. The reversing
of the barrel for a back repeat of the whole or a part of the pattern is
effected by a small tilting spindle carried in bearings in a light frame
accross and behind the resting or central part of the setting lever and
breast of the pattern barrel secured to the same bracket carrying these..
This tilting spindle has two small reversing arms projecting out radially
towards the breast of the barrel capable of being shifted and fixed at any
point accross the spindle to suit the position where the pattern and barrel
require to be reversed and where reversing studs are inserted, so as to
strike the forward or backward reversing arm of the spindle, and carry
it and its loaded arm or lever over the centre of its arc of motion and
gravity in the usual manner, and whether it is loaded by a spring or
weight its force then carries the tilting spindle right over to its reversed
position, which at the same time by a lever on the other end of the
spindle with a piu working into a connecting rod slotted to about half
its "throw," having the other end connected to an oscillating reversing
or disengaging arm, which puts the one pall out of gear and the other

page_text: into gear with the ratchet wheel of the pattern barrel, the action of
which is then reversed on the next and following motions of the
actuating pall lever, the disengaging pall lever having stop pins or other
equivalents to hold it at the two opposite extremes of its reverse motion,
the lever, by preference, being set with its centre of gravity above its
fulcrum so that its own weight maintains it against its stops in the two
positions. When the length or sequence of the pattern requires or
makes it advantageous to have the whole or part of the pattern formed
by the pins in two or more of the rings of holes accross the barrel, then
the necessary change of shifting the rest lever from the plane of the
one row to that of the other at the proper time, whether that may be
required simultaneously with the reversing of the barrel as described
or at any other time, or part of the pattern is effected by a second duplex
set of lateral acting studs screwed into the barrel at the proper positions
where the rest lever has to be shifted from the one row of pattern pins
to the other in either direction. Each of these studs have two acting
parts or stepped surfaces, a short one which as the stud comes round to
the point of change required acts on the lower arm of a bell crank set
near and tangential on both sides of the radial point of action of the
stud and periphery of the barrel so as to raise the arm of the crank in
whichever direction the barrel may be turning, at the same time raising
the other or catch arm nearly vertically out of the holding notch it was
in on the upper side of the long boss of the bearing and setting lever to
be shifted (from the position of the bell crank having its fulcrum pin
attached to a bracket a little distance in front and above the fixed
spindle of the said lever over the barrel) while at the moment the lever
is thus released the longest acting point of the stud made in the form of
an angled tooth enters a bevelled notch (one of which there is for every
holding notch and lateral row of pattern pins in the barrel) formed or
cut in nearly a radial direction between the axes of the drum and eye
or boss of the lever on which they are formed, and shifts it to the extent
of one lateral division or annular set of pattern pins, that distance
bcing the width of the acting surfaces of the angled shifting stud and
notches on the eye of the lever, then the holding or catch arm of the
bell crank falls into the new corresponding and holding notch thus
brought under it, the eye being made tight enough by a friction collar
or other equivalent to prevent the lever being thrown past the notch so
that the holding catch arm of the bell crank must fall in, while to admit
of this lateral action the lower end of the pattern resting lever is con-

page_text: nected by a long lateral pin which slides through the eye in the end of
the connecting rod, which is guided so as not to move laterally with the
lever in a slotted bracket, and attached to the pressers at the other end.
All chance of breakage of the parts of the positive shifting mechanism
deriving their motion from the constantly revolving second motion shaft,
by the obstruction of a shuttle not reaching the box properly, or any
other possible cause, is prevented by loading, the fulcrum ends of the two
main first actuating segmentally toothed levers with a pressure by strong
springs or weights more than sufficient to resist or stand that necessary
for the proper execution of all the movements and work. required, but
light enough to yield before any of the parts would break, and allow. the
journals to rise out of their lower bearings up the slots formed above
them in their brackets sufficient to accommodate themselves and the
parts directly connected to them to such a displacement, and when the
obstructing cause was removed at once fall info tlicir proper working
positions again without attention on the part of the weaver, and for
steadiness of action of the loom and crank motion the weight of all the
parts raised and lowered by the crank in working the depressers may be
counterbalanced by a weighted lever or other equivalent, either revolving
with the shaft or a fixed lever acting on the same or another crank or
pin revolving with the shaft and counterbalanced by a weight or spring,
or the weight of the shuttle box and its connecting parts might be made
to counterbalance the weight of the other actuating parts of the depresser
at certain parts of their motion by connecting them through a lever and
a helical spring. Instead of connecting the free and adjacent ends of
the levers carrying and actuating the depressers by toothed segments as
described, they may in some cases be connected by a short connecting
rod or rods attached to a stud or joint fixed or set half the length of the
rods above and below the centre line of each to give the length of rod or
rods desired. It will be obvious to the practical loom machinist that
various other modifications and arrangements of the parts may be
adopted all quite in accordance with these said improvements (though
not specially alluded to in the modification and adaptation of these so
far provisionally specified) to suit various other cases and circumstances;
such as two, four, or other number of shuttle boxes in the set, or having
a set at each end of the lathe and loom, in which cases the corresponding
parts affected, such as the number of steps in the depressers, different
heights of pins, and a complete duplicate of the mechanism at the other
end of the looin, all respectively, would be required, and though an

page_text: improved arrangement of pattern barrel and lateral shifting lever is
specified for shifting and setting the step pressers, it will be evident that
many other forms of pattern barrels, pins, and chains heretofore in use
might also be employed for that purpose in connection with the
improved modes and mechanism herein specified for shifting the shuttle
boxes by a positive revolving motion and duplex levers and depressers,
and that an eccentric or cam might be employed on the actuating shaft
for that purpose instead of a crank as described, and that the line of
motion of the levers might be at other angles to the base of the machine
or crank shaft and other parts than those described, and yet be sub-
stantially in accordance with this Invention as herein specified.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Quintin Whyte and John Whyte in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 28th April 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, QUINTIN
WHYTE and JOHN WIYTE, both of the City of Glasgow, in the County
of Lanark, North Britain, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto us, the said Quintin Whyte and John
Whyte, Her special licence that we, the said Quintin Whyte and
John Whyte, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as wc, the said Quintin Whyte and John Whyte, our exccutors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the
said Quintin Whyte and John Whyte, our executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and

page_text: cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Quintin Whyte and John Whyte,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement and the several explanatory Figures,
reference, numerals, and letters on the two Sheets of Drawings which we
have hereunto appended for the purpose of showing the nature of our
said Invention and best modes and means we are at present aware of
for performing or carrying it into effect or practice, the same numerals
and letters indicating the same or equivalent or like parts in all the
Figures; that is to say :-
"
Our said Invention consists in new or improved simple and most
efficient modes of and arrangements of mechanism for actuating the
set or sets of "compound or "multiple" shuttle boxes of looms,
for weaving striped, checked, and other ornamental or figured fabrics,
requiring two, three, or more shuttle boxes and shuttle in each set.
Figure 1 on Sheet 1 of the accompanying two Sheets of Drawings
is a side elevation of sufficient of a main side frame and the other
parts of a three shuttle box check, and other stripe weaving power
loom of an ordinary type or form, otherwise than having a modification
or construction and arrangement of the two main parts contained
under or forming our said Invention, namely, the check shuttle box
moving mechanism (indicated by numbers 1 to 35) and the pattern
mechanism for these or other checks or compound shuttle box
mechanism (indicated by numbers 36 to 62) and both shown in general
side elevation; Figure 2 is a back or edge elevation of the latter
pattern barrel and mechanism detached, at right angles to Figure 1,
showing more particularly the general arrangement and action of the
pattern barrel pins, the reversing of the catches, and traversing
actuating lever of the shuttle box moving mechanism.
While Figures
3, 4, and 5 are respectively a side and edge elevation and a plan of
thic main parts to a large scale detached shown in Figure 2, Figure 6
is a side elevation of another modification of our improved shuttle
box mechanism from that shown in Figure 1 constructed to actuate
a four shuttle box and work in connection with a pattern barrel
mechanism such as now in use.

page_text: Referring to Figures 1 to 5 inclusive under this modification or mode
and arrangement of carrying out this our said Invention, (as shown
applied to a check power loom having a single set of three shuttle boxes,
ranged and guided vertically in a line at one end of the lathe and shuttle
race, not shown in the Drawings, but all so far arranged in a usual
manner; the lower end of the carrying and actuating rod or spear 1 of
the shuttle box (directly connected above to the shuttle box) is linked
or jointed vertically to the front end of a longitudinal lever 2. The
lower end of the rod 1, when in its mid position with the central box
in a line with the race, is jointed in the same axial line as that of the
lathe to the front end of the double-armed carrying, actuating, and
fixing or setting lever 2, fulcrumed on a strong screw and friction
collar stud 3 projecting out from a strong bracket A' bolted to the
side frame A of the loom; the back arm of the lever 2 being
counterbalanced by the weight 4, equivalent to that of the moving
shuttle box and rod 1, or it might be by an equivalent spring acting
in the same direction or in the upward direction when attached to
the front arm of the lever, as shown in red lines at 4. The front
end of the lever 2 is actuated intermittently in both directions up and
down, through a positive motion taken primarily from the second
motion or cam shaft 5 and crank 6 secured by a screw pin, key, or
otherwise on its overhanging end, the crank pin 7 of which is directly
attached by the short connecting rod 8 to the pin 9 near the free end of
one of the two simple levers 10, gearing into each other at their free ends
by segmental toothed wheels a; but they might be coupled by a short
connecting rod a' (as shown in Figure 6) or other equivalent connection,
and when set horizontally at "mid stroke" having the distance and
position of the pin 9 placed (in this arrangement and disposition of
the parts, but this might vary) rather less than the length of the short
connecting rod S right above the cam shaft 5; with their extreme
outer end fulcrumed at 11 in deep slotted bearing brackets B, bolted
to near the front and back part of the frame A. There are no fixed
covers on the upper side of the slots or journal bushes, the fulcrum 11.
being held down in the bearings by the springs 12 (or it might
be by weights) attached to their under side, strong enough to resist
more than the force exerted on the fulcrums (which is not great from
the position of the point of action of the weight and power being
both so near each other and the free ends) in working the levers 10
and their attachments, but light enough to yield before any of the

page_text: parts would break from the casual obstruction of a shuttle not reaching
the box properly, or other possible cause of stoppage or obstruction
to the positive motion of the crank 5, and other parts imparted to the
levers 10 and the direct-acting vertical reciprocating shuttle lever
pressers 13, pendant by the joints 14 to and from a central or other
part of the levers 10 nearer their free ends. The lower ends of the
two depressers 13 are so coupled together by the light rod 15, and
formed with three steps 16 rising in opposite directions, by preference
towards the outside (but they might rise on the reverse insides), so
as to oscillate (when so formed and set) by the power of the spring
17, pulling the lower ends of the pressers in one direction and by the
connecting rod 18 holding them in the other direction through the
pattern mechanism and lever 32, to which the rod 18 is directly
attached at its front end; all so as to directly press the lever 2 to any
one of its three positions, to suit the respective shuttle boxes in a
working line with the race, as regulated in accordance with and by
the pattern mechanism numbers 1 to 35 (Figure 2) at and by the
latter part of the downward circular motion of the crank 6, and the
exact or peculiar position and action of the short connecting rod 8,
which imparts the motion in the proper time with a moderate stroke
or shock and an after dwelling and steadying action to the steps 16
of the pressers (at cach lower stroke when setting and leaving the
shuttle boxes in position), each set over their respective actuating
and steadying stud 19, fixed in and projecting laterally from
the front side of each corresponding arm of the lever 2, so as to
press down either one or other of its ends, and stop the momentum
of the other in its upward motion, and bring any particular box
of which the corresponding steps are brought over the studs 19 to
a perfectly steady position in a line with the race. In which position
any one of the shuttle boxes are held by one of the three notches 20,
at the lower end of the lever 21, pendant from a stud in the small
bracket 22, bolted to the side frame A, "taking or catching over a
lateral stud, projecting from the back end of the front arm of the lever 2
behind the front stud 19 when free to do so, by the force of the
spring 23 acting in the forward or catching direction when the lever 2
has been set to the proper position by the steps 16 and depressers 13.
The notched lever 21 is disengaged against the power of the spring 23
by the downward action of the lower and laterally projecting inclined
wedge end of the pendant arm of the bell-crank weighted lever.24
"

page_text: (shown detached in Figure 24') jointed to and pressed down by a stud
in the back of the front lever 10, and acting between the fixed stud 25,
carried and secured to the bracket 22, and the lateral wedge or inclined
projection 26 on the central front part of the notched holding lever 21
(shown detached in Figure 21) so as to disengage it from the back
stud of the lever 2, just after the shuttle has made the second or back
pick into the box, and before the presser steps 10 have reached the
studs 19 of the lever 2, to shift it and the boxes. The disengaging
lever 24 is free to clear the inclined part 26 of the lever 21 on its
upward traverse, by the action of their opposite or back inclined sur-
faces, against the power of its horizontal weighted arm 27, or it might
be that of a light spring, cither of which, as soon as the lever 24 riscs
clear of the inclined part 26, always brings it back to the stud 25 again,
ready for disengaging the catch lever 21 on its next descent with the
levers 10. The lower ends 16 of the pressers 13 are oscillated to and fro
every two picks or single revolution of the second motion shaft 5, (so as
to be set when a change of shuttle is required) by preference in a
positive manner in one direction as they are rising by an inclined
and projecting part 28 on the front lever 13, which comes in contact
with and rolls over an antifriction pulley on the stud 25, against the
power of the constant acting helical spring 17, or other equivalent for
drawing the pressers 16 back as soon as the raised or pressing picce 28
clears the roller on the stud 25, during the descending stroke to the
proper position determined by the pattern lever 32 resting on the
particular height of the pattern pins (or it might be other pattern
chains heretofore used for like pattern mechanism) this lever 32 being
connected to the depressers 13 by the rod 18 and studs 29 and 35, all
so that the lever 32 would be clear of the pattern pins 30 while the
barrel 31 is shifted, and the corresponding lower and upper or mid
steps 16 of each depresser would be over the studs 19, which would then
depress one or other of the arms of the lever, and bring the particular
shuttle box and shuttle into action required by the pattern. The weight
of the crank G and other attachments 8, 10, and 13, connected and
carried by it, may be counterbalanced by a weighted disc or lever (not
shown in the Drawing) keyed or otherwise fixed on the opposite radial
side of the shaft 5 in the inside of the frame, which would give great
steadiness to the whole motion, particularly in high speeded looms.
The respective positions of the pressers and steps 16, every two shots
required for the three shuttle boxes to compose the pattern while it is

page_text: being woven, is determined by different heights of pins 30. In this case,
for a three shuttle box, there are only two lengths of pins, one of cach
of which are shown in side view detached in Figure 30 on Sheet 2, and
as shown are of a most simple and cheap rough construction in wood,
having no movement to perform excepting as a rest for the lever 32, and
by preference are formed with round points to fit and be driven tight
into the holes of the pattern cylinder or barrel 31, and having their
heads square of the different lengths required, three for four boxes and
four for five boxes, as the first or top box is always (given by) or left in
a line with the race when the lower end of the lever 32 rests on the
rail 38 of the frame 38, with its rest piece 32° a little clear of the barrel
when a pattern pin is absent (see Figure 3). These pins are quickly
and easily inserted in the barrel 31 to suit any pattern in a few minutes,
against the heads of which pattern pins the rest piece 32° on the front
central part of the pendant lever 32 carried by a spindle 33, secured in
the light frame 38, on which it oscillates by the long boss 33', having a
row of vertical and angled notches 34 and 45 respectively formed along
its upper and lateral sides (Figure 4) is pressed by the action of the
spring 17 attached to the lower end of the depressers 13 and 16 wlien
free to do so by the action of the inclined piece 2S after the pattern'
barrel 31 has been turned. The lower ends 16 of the depressers 13,
and this setting pattern lever 32, are directly attached by the short and
long lateral pins 29 and 35 at the corresponding end of the light
longitudinal connecting rod 18, all so as to set the proper steps 16 of
the pressers 13 over their studs 19, in the actuating lever 2 of the
shuttle boxes (as thus so far described) that they will bring the first,
second, and third shuttle boxes in proper working position with
the "race" respectively, when the rest piece 32° of the pattern setting
lever 32 is pressed by the spring 17 to the three positions of bearing.
against the resting rail 38° a little off the pattern barrel 31 without
a pin for the first or top box, and against the head of one of the lowest.
pattern pins 30 for the second or mid box, and against the head of one of
the highest pins 30 for the third or lowest box. The pattern barrel 31 is
made in the form of a light hollow cylindrical web with as many rings or
annular sets of equally divided radial holes 31, 31", 31", and so on,
bored round its circumference as will suffice to receive pins for the
greatest number of double picks in the patterns to be wrought in the
loom, or half. the number when it is a pattern which will reverse in
the backward direction of the barrel. The barrel 31, so constructed and

page_text: having a double radial-sided and acting ratchet toothed wheel 36 formed
or fixed on one edge, the number of teeth corresponding to that of each
line of pattern pin holes round the circumference of the barrel, which is
mounted by a long or deep eye formed on its central arms upon the
strong lateral stud 37 fast in the bracket 38, fixed to the side frame A of
the loom near the front, convenient for the weaver to attend to or set it,
and having a screw nut and friction washer to hold it steady while and
after being shifted, which takes place during the time the pattern setting
lever 32 of the depressers is kept back off the barrel and pattern pins,
which are thus always left steady in position opposite the bearing
part 38 of the lever 32, so as to form the differential pattern rest
required for it, when it is allowed to fall or is pressed back by the
spring 17 against them in succession when present in the holes. The
pattern barrel 31 is turned either backwards or forwards by the two
palls 39 and 40 working in the ratchet wheel 36 actuated by one arm of
the pall lever 41, fulcrumed on a stud 41' near its centre, every time the
depressers 13 rise to the top part of their stroke against the power of
a weight or spring 42 at one end of the lever, which brings it always back
to its normal position or stop rest 43 by the arm or "tappet" 44 fixed
on the front segmental rack lever 10. The "tappet" 44 in rising comes
in contact with the weighted end 42 of the lever, and causes the other
arm 41 and palls to turn the pattern barrel 31 round one division or
pitch of the teeth and pattern pins cach time in the forward or back
direction of the pattern, according as it is the pall 30 or 40 which is in
gear for the time being. The pattern pins 30, having no rubbing or
positive moving action to perform except to form a stop for the pattern.
setting lever of the depressers to rest against, may be made of wood or
other cheap and simple material, driven into or otherwise simply fixed
in the holes in the barrel, so that the heads are near the right height to
suit the respective distances of the steps on the depressers to bring them
properly into action over their pressing studs, all as described; great
accuracy is not however required from the abundance of "play" or
space in the width of the steps longitudinally compatible with perfect
steadiness and accuracy of the action vertically of the shuttle boxes by
this improved motion for shifting the boxes, with the consequent
advantage of less liability to derangement than where great accuracy is
necessary in the action of the pattern pins and mechanism. The
reversing of the palls 39 and 40, and the turning of the barrel from a
forward to a backward direction, and repeat of the pattern, or vice versa,

page_text: is effected by the small tilting spindle 46, carried in bearing brackets
screwed to the light frame 38, secured to a bracket 38' across behind the
resting and central part 32 of the setting lever 32 and "breast" of the
pattern barrel 31. This tilting spindle 46 has two small reversing arms
47 and 47 projecting out towards the "breast" of the barrel 31, one on
each side of the lever 32, on one boss, which slides along the spindle 46,.
with and by the lateral motion of the lever 32, so as to be held by it in.
any position across the pattern barrel 31 and spindle 46, which the
arms tilt at any point across these where the barrel requires to be.
reversed, and where reversing iron studs 48, 48', are inserted so as to
strike the forward or backward reversing arm 47 and 47', and carry or:
tilt the lever 46 and its loaded arm or lever 49 over the radial centre line
(d, d, Figure 3) of its arc of motion or gravity (in a usual manner for
such tilting levers), and whether it is loaded by the spring 50 or a
weight; its force then carries the tilting spindle 46 right over to its:
reversed position, which at the same time by the lever 51 on the other:
end of the spindle 46, with a pin working into a slotted connecting:
rod 52, having its other end connected to an oscillating, reversing, or
disengaging lever 53, which by two arms and lateral pins 54, 54', in it
puts the pall 40 out of gear and the other 39 into gear with the ratchet:
wheel 36 of the pattern barrel 31, or vice versa to again reverse the
motion of the barrel on the next and following strokes or motions of the:
actuating pall lever 41, 42. The disengaging pall lever 53 has a fixed
stop pin 55 in the frame 38, and two rests 55¹ at the extremities of a
segment below its fulcrum 53', but other equivalent mechanism might
be employed which would hold it at the two opposite or extreme
reversed positions; and it is by preference set with its centre of gravity
above its fulcrum, so that its own weight assists the tilting action,
and maintains it against the reverse stop 55¹. When the length or
sequence of the pattern requires or makes it advantageous to have the
whole or part of the pattern formed by the pins 30 in two of the sets of
rings 31, 31", of holes across the barrel, then the necessary change of
shifting the rest lever 32 from the plane of the one row to that of the
other in either direction at the proper time; when the whole or part of
the ring of pins, as required, have been turned round and used in either.
direction, that is forward on the one row and backward on the other
simultaneously with the reversing of the barrel before described, as
for a "check" or non-reversing pattern in the backward directions,
then the said required shift of the lever 32 is effected by a second

page_text: duplex set of lateral-acting studs 56 and 57, screwed into the barrel 31
at the proper positions, corresponding to where the lever 32 has
to be shifted forward or back from the one "check" pattern to the
other, formed in two rows of holes by the pins 30. Each of these studs
56 and 57 have two acting parts or stepped surfaces, a short one which
as the stud comes round to the point of change required acts on the
lower arm with bevelled ends of the small two-armed lever or bell
crank 59, set near to and tangentially on both sides of the radial point
of action of the studs and periphery of the barrel 31, so as to raise
the arm 59 in whichever direction the barrel and studs may be turning,
at the same time raising the other horizontal arm or catch 59¹ nearly
vertically out of the holding notch 34 it was in on the upper side of
the long boss 33¹ of the lever 32 to be shifted, this vertical rise of the
lever 59 is consequent to the position of the bell crank having its
fulcrum pin 60 attached to a bracket 61 a little distance in front and
above the fixed spindle 33 of the said lever 32 over the barrel, while
at the moment the lever 32 is thus released the reversed bevelled long
acting point 56' or 571 of the stud acts on the one bevelled side or the
other of the deep bevelled notch 45 (made deep for this double
reversing action) according as it is the front or back action and pin
that is coming into effect, which thus shifts the lever forward or back as
required, opposite the new row of pattern pins; and as soon as the
bevelled point or tooth 56' or 57' has done so and passed the bevelled
projection 15 the arm 59' falls into the new notch 34 (of the set)
brought below it, and retains the lever 32 in position until the next
similar reverse shift is required; after each shift at the end of the pattern
each way one of the barrel reversing iron studs 48 or 48' is brought
into action, which reverses the barrel and sequence of the pattern
accordingly. When the pattern is a very long reversible one extending
over a number of the rows or rings of pattern pins, then the shifting of
the lever 32 (as explained) laterally is effected by the long stud 58, 58',
so that the pattern lever 32 and other parts of this pattern mechanism
can by the simple change and fixing of these different studs in their
proper position be made to produce these various classes of patterns.
An angled elliptical tooth 58' at the point of the stud 58 takes into
each notch in succession between the short regular set of bevelled
teeth 45 as it comes round with the barrel, one of which teeth 45 is
formed on the eye 33¹ in nearly a radial line towards the barrel for
every holding notch 34 there is on the lever and lateral row of pattern

page_text: pins 30 in the barrel 31, and thus shifts the lever to the extent of one
lateral division or annular set of pattern pins, that distance being the
width also of the acting surfaces of the notches 34 and 45 on the eye 33'
of the lever 32, on the latter of which the angled shifting stud 58' acts,
then the holding or catch arm 59' falls into the new holding notch 34
thus brought under it, the eye 33' being made tight enough by a friction
spring 62 tightened against it (or a friction screw collar or other
equivalent may be employed), to prevent the lever and notch being
thrown past the catch of the arm 59' so that it must fall into the
notch 34. To admit of this lateral action of the lever 32 its lower end
is connected by the long pin 35 so as to slide laterally through the oye
in the end of the connecting rod 18 which works through the slotted
guide bracket 18' longitudinally along with the depressers 13 to which
it is attached at the other end by the short piu-29.
Although the new check shuttle box moving mechanism (numbers 1
to 29) has, so far, been only shown and described as applied to a
three shuttle box loom it is equally applicable for working a four,
five, or six shuttle box, and it can. be worked with the pattern
mechanism of check looms now in use where these are in a good
state and of a suitable construction and only the shuttle box moving
mechanism required, and many of the improvements in the pattern
mechanism numbers 30 to 62 may be applied to other pattern barrels
and mechanism heretofore or now in use for check shuttle boxes.
Referring to Figure 6 on Sheet 2 of our Drawing, which illustrates a
modification of the new or improved check shuttle box moving mechanism
under the first part of our said Invention, the main general features both
of the construction and the arrangement of the parts are substantially.
the same, and the equivalent parts indicated by the same numbers as
those described and shown in reference to Figures 1 to 5 on Sheet 1
and 2, but shown in this case applied to actuate a four shuttle box on
the left-hand side of a similar power loom where the simple link a' is
employed with two joint pins to connect the two free ends of the levers
10 instead of the segmental wheel connection a of the former modification.
The duplex depressing and setting links 13 of the shuttle box are jointed
near to the free ends of the levers 10 to give the steps 16 at their lower
ends to give the greater rise and fall necessary for the four steps and
position of the four shuttle box, and the setting connecting rod 18
attached in this case by a simple joint pin to the upper end of a common

page_text: "
reversing two-armed lever 32*, the lower end of which is connected to
the crosshead bearing connecting rod f, of a construction and arrange-
ment of pattern barrel g heretofore in use for controlling shuttle box
mechanism which form no part of our Invention except in making our
said shuttle box moving mechanism capable of being set by this and such
pattern mechanism, but as in this barrel or regulating mechanism g three
heights of the pattern pins are made to actuate their rubbing levers and
rod f by a positive" motion, and in consequence also the lever 32*
(taking the position of the lever 32 of the arrangement shown in Figure 1),
rod 18, and depressers 13, these in this arrangement being connected
thereto, all against the power of the spring 17* (equivalent to the spring
17 in Figure 1), so as to actuate and draw them in the opposite direction
to the spring, and thus set the proper steps 16 at the foot of the
depressers 13 over their respective studs 19 of the lever 2, to set the
proper shuttle box in a line with the "race" required by the pattern, all
as described in reference to Figures 1 to 5 without the use of the inclined
cam and roller 28, 28', which are not required to save the constant action
on the pattern pins and levers. The slotted link 44', attached to one of
the levers 10, and spring slip bell crank connecting lever 42' actuate the
compound pall lever of the two ratchet wheels for the duplex screw
barrel reversing screw shaft and spur wheels, carrying their pattern pins
and levers not particularly shown in the Drawing, but only indicated at g;
but it is to be understood that other and much simpler pattern mechanism
than either of those now in use herein shown and referred to might for
many small classes of patterns be as simply connected to control or set
our improved check box moving mechanism 1 to 29. The fulcrum pins 11
of the levers 10 in this modification are shown with an arrangement of
parts which allow them to rise free of the spring 12, which consists in
fitting small square bushes 11' on each fulcrum 11, working freely in the
long slots on each side of the brackets B, without fixed covers, but having
the buckle hook C hooked on the top of the bushes and made so as to
slide on the brackets B without getting off or allowing the bushes to come
out of place by the small shoulder projections. The lower end of the
buckle C being secured to the spring 12 by screws for "tempering" the
tension on the bushes and fulcrum 11, and wedge heads C' being formed
on the top of the hooks C', the moment an obstruction occurs which
prevent the depressers 13 from going down by the "positive" motion of
the crank 6, which thus carries down the free ends of the levers and raises
the fulcrum pin 11 on their joints 14 as new fulcrums against the power

page_text: of the springs 12, which give way, and as the wedges C' of the hooks rise
they come in contact with small pins e, which draw them back off the
bushes 11 on to the back hook rests C, C", so as to free the fulcrums
and bushes 11', which rise as high as the obstruction causes them, and
when it is removed the weaver depresses the bushes into their place and
slip on the buckle C of the spring again over the bushes very casily, as
they were simply slipped aside and left ready for so doing.
"
Figure 6 shows a detached side view of a construction of fulcrum
'escapement" and hooking arrangement somewhat different from that
shown and described in reference to Figure 6, which consists of a short
lever D, having a strong fulcrum stud 11° fixed in the frco back end, on
which the-fulcrum eye 11 of the lever 10 is jointed, this lever D being
hinged or fulcrumed on a strong pin D' in a bracket D (bolted to the
main frame A) some distance in towards the free ends of the levers 10,
so as to cause their fulcrums 11 to rise in short radial curves when the
strain from an obstruction comes on, as before described. The buckle C
in this case has only a single hook C' catching on the heel D" of the
lever D, from which it is disengaged and caught on the back hook
rest C, C", all ready for being shipped on the heel D" when the lever D
is brought down along with the fulcrum eye 11 of the lever 10 after the
obstruction has been removed, when the lever 10 rests on the strong
supporting bearing piece D³ of the bracket D³, and the buckle hook C₁
being re-engaged on the heel D" of the lever D holds the fulcrum end 11
of the lever 10 all down in proper working order with the power of the
spring 12 "tempered" to suit the strain and yielding necessary, all as
described in reference to the former fulcrum escapements of this lever 10
in reference to Figures 1 and 6. The holding and setting lever 2 in
some cases, for some classes of patterns, might be made to do with only
the friction collar or disc described on its fulcrum stud 3 or eye, and a
washer, all a little larger than shown on the Drawing, with "jam"
tightening nuts, all so as to hold the lever 2 and its shuttle box steady
between the shifts, without the use of the locking and disengaging
levers 21 and 24, shown and described for so doing, but these might be
fitted on the loom to be used when required, but not always necessary.
It will be obvious to the practical loom machinist that various other
modifications and arrangements of the parts may be adapted, all sub-
stantially or quite in accordance with these our said improvements as
herein described (though not specially alluded to in the modification and

page_text: adaptation of these so far herein specified), to suit various other cases
and circumstances, such as two, five, or other number of shuttle boxes
in the set, or having a set at each end of the lathe and loom, in which
cases the corresponding parts affected, such as the number of steps 16
on the depressers 13, would be two and five respectively, different heights
of pattern pins 30 as one and four respectively, and a complete duplicate
of the mechanism at the other end of the loom and lathe respectively,
each actuated every single pick, the motion being taken from the crank
shaft instead of the tappet cam shaft of the loom; and though an
improved arrangement of pattern barrel and lateral shifting lever is
specified in letters 30 to 62 for shifting and setting the step pressers, it
will be evident that many other forms of pattern barrels, pins, and
chains heretofore in use might also be employed for that purpose in
connection with the improved modes and mechanism herein specified in
letters 1 to 29, for shifting the shuttle boxes by a "positive" revolving
motion and duplex levers and depressers, and that an eccentric or cam
might be employed on the actuating shaft for that purpose instead of a
crank, and that other revolving spindles or axes for actuating these
might be otherwise or differently placed, but actuated from one of the
main shafts of the loom, all otherwise as described; and that the position
and line of motion of the depressers 13 and levers 2 might be at other
angles to the base of the machine or crank shaft and other parts than
those described, and might have the steps rising in reverse directions on
the levers instead of the depressers, or have lateral studs similarly
placed in a rising manner on either the depressers or the lever instead of
steps, though these are preferred by us, and yet be all substantially in
accordance with this our said Invention as hercin specified.
Having thus particularly described the nature of our said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is or may be performed, we have to
state that we do not restrict ourselves to the precise details herein
described or delineated, but what we believe to be novel and original,
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to us by the herein-before
in part recited Letters Patent is,―
.
First. The construction and arrangements of the parts of pattern
mechanism and shuttle box moving and holding mechanism as herein
distinguished, generally for actuating the shuttle boxes of power looms,
all substantially in the new or improved manner herein described and
shown in the accompanying Drawings or any mere modification thereof.

page_text: Second. The construction and use of duplex depressers for actuating
a lever connected to the shuttle box of a power loom, so as to shift and
set or bring these to rest by a positive motion taken or derived from one
of its main shafts, whether the lateral acting position of the depressers
is determined by simply bringing it to rest on the pattern pins in the
improved manner herein distinguished or by the "positive" motion of
the pins in turning the barrel, all substantially in the new or improved
manner herein described and shown in the accompanying Drawings or
any mere modification thereof.
Third. The construction and use of a reversing pattern barrel with
many annular rows of pattern pin holes, having a setting or pattern
lever traversed across these holes intermittently by pins in the barrel for
regulating or setting the actual moving mechanism of power-loom
shuttle boxes, whether the pattern pins used actually move the pattern
or setting lever or only form a rest therefor, all substantially in the new
or improved manner herein described and shown in the accompanying
Drawings or any mere modification thereof.
Fourth. The construction and use of pattern barrels with simple
resting pins only for determining the position of the pattern lever
and depressers of the actual shuttle box moving mechanism of power
looms, all substantially in the new or improved manner herein described
and shown in the accompanying Drawings, or any mere modification
thercof.
In witness whereof, we, the said Quintin Whyte and John Whyte,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-sixth day
of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-nine.
0 Witness,
W. R. M. THOMSON,
Patent Agent,
20, Buchanan Street,
Glasgow.
QUINTIN WHYTE. (L.S.)
JOHN WHYTE. (L.8.)