AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT. to Jeremiah Garnett, of Otley, in the County of York,
Paper Manufacturer, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE
OF PAPER."
Sealed the 9th August 1858, and dated the 15th February 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jeremiah Garnett at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
February 1858.
I, JEREMIAH GARNETT, of Otley, in the County of York, Paper Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
MANUFACTURE OF PAPER," to be as follows:-
My Invention of an improved manufacture of paper, relates to a means of
making paper of different colors or qualities on the two sides at one single
operation in the paper machinery. In various trades, paper for wrappers and
other purposes is required of different colors or qualities on the two sides; and
this article has usually been manufactured by taking two sheets of different
colors or qualities and fastening or attaching them together by means of paste
or other analogous preparation. The mode which I prefer to carry out the
objects of my Invention is as follows:-When a sheet of paper pulp has been
sufficiently consolidated in the machine in the ordinary manner, I cause
another sheet or layer of pulp of a different color or quality to be deposited
thereon, and after the double or compound sheet of pulp thus combined is
passed through the remaining part of the machine, a perfect sheet of paper of

page_text: different colors or qualities on the two sides is produced. Sometimes in the
manufacture of thick or heavy papers, it may be found advisable not only to
have the two sides of different colors or qualities, but in addition to form the
centre or middle part of the sheet of an inferior material, so that the paper
may be made of greater substance than usual without increasing the cost.
This triple combination may be produced by first making a thin film to form
one face, then depositing on it a layer of coarser material to form the inside of
the sheet, and finally depositing thereon another thin film of a different color
or quality to form the other face of the sheet.
An obvious modification of the above plan is to take a sheet or length of
paper already made, and when passing it a second time through the machine
to deposit thereon, either on both sides or on one only, films of pulp of different
color or quality, and thereby produce the compound paper; I prefer, however,
the plan first described as being the simpler of the two.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Jeremiah Garnett in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
14th August 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JEREMIAII
GARNETT, of Otley, in the County of York, Paper Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first-year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Jeremiah Garnett, Her special license that I, the said Jeremiah-
Garnett, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Jeremiah Garnett, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED.
MANUFACTURE OF PAPER," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Jeremiah Garnett, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jeremiah Garnett, do hereby declare.
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be.
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say) :-
:-
•
My Invention of "An Improved Manufacture of Paper," relates to a means
of making paper of different colors on the two sides. In various trades,
paper for wrappers or for the manufacture of bags and other purposes' is
required of different colors on the two sides; and this article has usually been-
manufactured by taking two sheets of paper of different colors and fastening:
or àttaching them together by means of paste or other analogous preparation..
The mode which I prefer to carry out the objects of my Invention is as:
follows: A thin sheet or web of paper pulp of any given color, is made on a
Fourdrinier's machine, and when it has been sufficiently consolidated, by
passing it through the couch roll and dry press in the ordinary manner to
extract the superfluous water, I cause it, in a half wet state, to be wound upon,
a reel ór roller, and when this reél is full I remove it to another Fourdrinier's
machine and mount it on a frame made for the purpose, and placed between..
the coucher and dry press. I then remove the couch board from the top of
the couch roller, and having stopped the water usually used on the top of the
coucher, I pass the web of paper tightly round the top couch roll upon the
web of pulp of another color made in the second machine. By the pressure
of the couch roll and dry press the two webs, films, or sheets of paper will
be united and a double or compound sheet be produced. The double or:
compound web of pulp thus combined, when passed through the remaining
part of the machine becomes a perfect web of.paper of different colors on its
opposite sides."
In adapting the reel or roller which has received the film or sheet of paper
from the first machine to the second machine, it is necessary to mount it upon
a sliding frame, so as easily to adjust the two webs of paper to each other, and
it is also necessary to adapt a friction wheel or other suitable contrivance to
the reel or roll, to prevent the web of paper from creasing when winding off';
care must also be taken, by keeping the web of paper tight on the couch roll,
to prevent air from getting between the two webs of paper.
In making thin papers for this purpose, it is desirable to have a hollow
couch roll perforated with holes, as thin papers when run off quickly have a
tendency to crease by "blowing," that is by air passing between the couch roll
and the web of paper.
Sometimes in the manufacture of thick or heavy papers, it may be found
advisable not only to have the two sides of different colors, but in addition to

page_text: form the centre or middle part of the sheet of an inferior material so that the
paper may be made of greater substance than usual, without materially
increasing the cost; this triple combination may be produced by first making
a thin film to form one face, then depositing it upon a layer of coarser material
to form the inside of the sheet; and, finally depositing these upon another
thin film of a different color, to form the other face of the sheet.
An obvious modification of the above plan. is to take a sheet or length of
paper already made, and when passing it a second time through the machine
to deposit thereon, either on both sides or on one only, films of pulp of different
color, and thereby produce the compound paper; I prefer, however, the plan
first described as being the simpler of the two.
Having now described my Invention of "An Improved Manufacture of
Paper," and having explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, I
would observe, in conclusion, that what I consider to be new in the above-
described manufacture and desire to claim as the Invention secured to me by
Letters Patent as aforesaid, is the improved manufacture of paper having
different colors on the opposite sides.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jeremiah Garnett, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Twelfth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.