CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1850

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
MAC LARDY, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twelfth day of June, in the thirteenth year of Her reign, and
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty, did, for Her-
self, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said William
Mac Lardy, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that
I, the said William Mac Lardy, my exors, admors, and assigns, and such
others as I, the said William MacLardy, my exors, adñors, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within England and Wales and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS
MATERIALS;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the
said William Mac Lardy, shall cause a particular description of the nature of
my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent,
as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at
large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Mac Lardy, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly described
and ascertained in and by the Drawings hereto annexed, and the following
explanation thereof, that is to say:-
My Invention relates,―
Firstly, to that machine commonly known, in the preparation of cotton and
other fibrous materials, as the "drawing frame," and consists in a peculiar
arrangement of "spoon" or conductor of the "stop motion," the essential feature
of such arrangement consisting in the employment of two or more surfaces over
which the cotton or other fibrous material passes, such surfaces being in
contact with opposite sides of the sliver or slivers.
my
Secondly, to those machines used in spinning and doubling commonly
known as "throstle frames" and "doubling frames." This part of Invention
consists in connecting the spindle to the wharve used for driving the same in
such a manner that it may be lifted therefrom, so as to admit of the bobbin
being doffed, by passing it over the bottom part of the spindle. By this pro-
vision I am enabled to apply a top bearing with or to a spindle made all in
one piece, and with the driving wharve below the copping rail as usual, and
consequently effect a greater steadiness of action.
Thirdly, my Invention relates to that apparatus used in spinning which is
commonly known as the "ring and traveller" method. In the ordinary method
of ring spinning, the bobbin is driven positively and at an uniform 'rate speed,
and the "traveller" caused to revolve round the ring by the traction of the thread
of yarn being spun, that is to say, the thread pulls the "traveller" round the
Hing as the bobbin revolves; also it is the traction or pulling of the traveller
round the ring that forms what is technically called the "drag," and thus lays
the yarn or material on to the bobbin as it is spun and delivered from the rol-
lers. My improvements relating to the "ring and traveller" consists in driving
the traveller round the ring positively, and instead of the thread pulling the
"traveller" round the ring, as in the ordinary "ring throstle," it will in this case
pull the thread and bobbin precisely in' the same manner as the thread passing
through the curl of the ordinary flyer does. And in order that my Invention
may be fully understood, I will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto
annexed.
Fig. 1 represents, in side elevation, one form of my improved "spoon," and
Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same. The "spoon" rests, as in the common
arrangement, upon the fixed bar a as a centre, such bar running along the
side of the frame to carry the necessary range of "spoons." The short lever b

page_text: has formed upon its upper end the usual "guide spoon" or mouth c, through
which the sliver passes in the direction of the arrows; but in addition to this
guide a second conductor is formed at d of a tubular or trumpet shape. The
plate e, over which the sliver passes in entering the "spoons," is in my arrange-
ment elevated sufficiently to cause it to bear against the upper side of the
trumpet mouth a, from whence it passes over and acts upon the conductor c
in the usual way. In this manner a duplex action is produced upon the sliver,
so that the "spoon" may be held up out of contact with its stopping mechanisın
at a greater angle than is usual, and hence it possesses much more certainty
of falling and stopping the frame when the sliver or slivers break and cease
to act upon the conductor. The conductor is mounted in the ordinary way,
being supported on the bar a, and guided in the slotted plate e. The full lines
in Fig. 1 represent the conductor as it stands when the drawing frame is in action,
and the sliver or slivers are passing through in their unbroken complete state.
Should one or more, however, give way, the necessary tension being removed
from the conductor, it will be no longer held in this position, but will fall
backwards, as represented by the dotted lines. In this position the back of
the lever 6 has arrived against the front edge of the longitudinal traversing
plate f, which has a series of notches or recesses formed in it, one for each
conductor. This plate f has a constant traversing motion immediately behind
the line of conductors, but works clear of them when they are held up by the
slivers. When either of them, however, falls, its lever enters a corresponding
notch in the traversing plate f, and, by preventing its usual traversing motion,
effects the stopping of the machine, as is well understood. As the double
action produced by this "duplex spoon" has a much greater effect than that of
the common form, in enabling the sliver to hold up the lever free of the
traversing plate, it is obvious that the apparatus need not be so delicately
balanced, as the greater inclination at which it works permits it more readily
and certainly to come into contact with the stop apparatus when the sliver
gives way. It is also for this reason less liable to accidental derangement.
Fig. 3 represents in elevation a modification of the "duplex spoon." or conduc-
tor; and Fig. 4 is a corresponding plan view. This conductor acts in a manner
precisely similar to that already described; but the "duplex action" is secured
by a slightly different form of parts, the sliver being passed from its plate e,
beneath a projecting angular arm d, and thence over the second "spoon" c. In
this arrangement the second action is obtained by the upward pressure of the
sliver against the lower side of the arm d, which acts as the additional cop-
ductor. The same form of "duplex spoon" is represented in Fig. 5 as adapted
to a balanced lever conductor carried on pivots at a. The sliver passes

page_text: beneath the angular arm d, and thence over the guide c, as before. When
the sliver gives way, the upper part of the spoon being heavier than the lower,
the lever falls back, and the catch g, on the lower end, advancing forward in
the direction of the arrow, enters one of the bars or detents of the constant
revolver h, as is well understood. Although I have shewn my improved
"duplex" spoon as connected to certain arrangements of stop motions, yet it will
be evident to all competent persons that the same may be applied to others'
with equal effect. Fig. 1* shews the improved spoon applied to the machine.
. My second improvement is shewn at Figs. 6, 7, 8, the first of which is a
representation in elevation of a spindle and flyer, with the parts immediately
connected thereto, and Figs. 7 and 8 are detached views of the driving warve.
The upper part of the spindle a, a, is formed of an enlarged diameter, which
part is mounted to run in a top bearing rail b; the lower end is supported in
a step c, as usual. The driving warve is shewn at d, and is provided with
two collars or bushes e, e, turned true and mounted in suitable bearings formed
within the bolster rails f₁f, so as to be capable of revolving therein. A square
socket 9 is formed within the warve, and the lower part of the spindle is suit-
ably squared for passing freely through the same into its footstep bearing, so
that the two are caused to revolve together, but in independant bearings, and
are easily separated by the lifting of the spindle upward until the footstep is
free of the wharve. The upper part of the spindle a is formed tubular, in
order to provide a passage for the material to the flyer, which is of the ordi-
nary construction, but made permanently fast on the spindle, and placed so far
downward from the top bearing as to allow of the spindle being lifted sufficiently
upward to be clear of the bush e* of the warve d. The copping rail is shewn
at i, i, and is notched out at the front part thereof, so as to admit of the
spindle being angled outwards. The bobbin having been filled in the usual
manner, and it being desired to perforin the doffing operation, the spindle a
must be lifted upward until its footstep is brought above the bush e* of the
warve, by which movement its smaller diameter will be coincident with the top
bearing 6, which position will admit of the spindle being angled so as to
remove it from the notch in the copping rail, and so far outward as to admit
of the bobbin being drawn off in a downward direction.
My last improvement is shewn in Figs. 9 and 10 of the accompanying Draw-
ing, Fig. 9 being a view in elevation of a spindle and the parts inmediately
connected with the same, and Fig. 10 a plan or horizontal view thereof. The
spindle is represented at a, a, carried upon a step at b, and supported within
the bolster rail c. The bobbin d is placed loose, as usual, upon the spindle,
and revolves, as in ordinary throstle frames, upon a friction washer. In this

page_text: "
case, however, (as in other modification of the "ring and traveller" principle). it
is not moved up and down, in order to distribute the yarn upon its periphery.
The copping rail is shewn at e, and carries a ring f, f, fitted with a traveller g.
The interior diameter of the ring f is formed sufficiently large to admit the
legs of the flyer h revolving freely therein. The flyer is attached to the top
of the spindle a, a, after the manner of an ordinary throstle frame. In this
instance, however, the legs of the flyer are not provided with the curl which
is commonly in use for guiding the passage of the yarn, the traveller g answer-
ing that purpose. The traveller g is formed with a projecting piece which
extends inwards sufficiently to prevent the flyer from revolving without carrying
the "traveller" round the ring f at its own uniform speed. The yarn under
operation passes, in the usual manner, through the rollers of the machine, and
from thence, as shewn in the Drawing, through the loop of the traveller, 9,
and on to the bobbin d, the copping rail e, by rising and falling, distributing
the yarn upon the periphery of the bobbin as it is wound thereon by the
drag" of the bobbin, in precisely the same manner as with the ordinary
spindle and flyer. As the copping rail rises and falls, the projecting part of
the traveller in contact with the flyer will at all positions be coincident with
the circle in which the legs of the flyer revolve. By my arrangement of this
method of spinning, it will be perceived that the advantages of the "ring and
traveller" principle are united with those of the more ordinary throstle, for it
will be observed that the "traveller" may be considered as the usual curl of the
flyer, with a provision for its being traversed upward and downward, in order
to distribute the yarn; and therefore the same effect will be produced with a
spindle of considerably reduced length above the bolster bearing. With refe-
rence to the formation of the "traveller" I would observe, that it may of course
be varied considerably, and may be combined with the ring in a variety of
ways; such variations, however, will readily occur to those conversant with
this class of machinery, and need not therefore to be pointed out particularly.
If desired, a disc or ring of metal or other suitable material may be placed
upon the upper part of the flyer, as shewn in Fig. 11, in order to keep the
yarn, as it passes to the traveller, from bearing against the top of the bobbin.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I wish it to
be understood that I do not intend to confine myself to the precise arrange-
ments or details which I have described, as the same may be varied in many
respects without departing from the spirit of my Invention, that which I claim
as secured to me under the above in part recited Letters Patent being,-
Firstly, with reference to those machines commonly known as "drawing

page_text: frames," the application to the "stop-motion spoons" of two or more surfaces,.
in contact with which the sliver of cotton or other material passes.
Secondly, with reference to "throstle frames" and "doubling frames," I claim
so connecting the spindles to the warves by which they are driven, that the said
spindles may be lifted free from the warves for the purpose of doffing the
bobbins. Also I claim the mounting of the driving warves of "throstle-frame"
and "doubling-frame" spindles in independent bearings, for the purpose of
preventing vibration.
Thirdly, in reference to that mode of spinning called the "ring and traveller,"
I claim the new system of driving the traveller positively round the ring by
means of a revolving flyer or other suitable instrument.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Mac Lardy, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Tenth day of December, One thousand cight