IMPROVEMENTS IN ORTAining HydranLIC MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Thomas Cheetham, of Ashton-under-Lyne,
in the County of Lancaster, Mechanical Draftsman, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORTAining HydranLIC MOTIVE POWER."
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORTAINING HYDRAULIC MOTIVE POWER
"
Sealed the 2nd December 1864, and dated the 4th June 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Thomas
Cheetham at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 4th June 1864.
I, WILLIAM THOMAS CHEETHAM, of Ashton-under-Lyne, in the County of
Lancaster, Mechanical Draftsman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING HYDRAULIC MOTIVE POWER," to be
as follows:-
In my arrangement for producing hydraulic motive power, I employ a
wheel with vanes thereon surrounded by an annular chamber furnished with
orifices which direct the water upon the said vanes, but the water, after it has
reached the vanes does not, as in the case of turbines, pass onward to the
centre or outward to the circumference accordingly as the guide floats are
within or without the revolving part, but returns in a direction nearly parallel
to that in which it was delivered, and escapes between the annular chamber
and revolving wheel. This return of the water I effect by grooving out the
wheel upon which the vanes are mounted, which groove guides it back after
it has acted upon the revolving vanes. In order to prevent the annular pipe
from obstructing the water on its return, I bevil it off towards the delivery
side. Instead of placing the annular pipe in the same plane with the

page_text: revolving wheel, it may be on one side thereof, in which case the vanes of
course occupy a similar side position, or they may be on both sides with two
supply pipes, and thus effect a balance.
I have spoken of the supply pipe or pipes as situate on the outside of the
revolving wheel, but it is evident that these relative positions may be reversed.
I have also mentioned an annular pipe for supplying the water, but it may be
formed in detached portions if desired.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Thomas Cheetham in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 3rd December 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
THOMAS CHEETHAM, of Ashton-under-Lyne, in the County of Lancaster,
Mechanical Draftsman, send greeting.
WHEREAS. Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Thomas Cheetham, Her special license that I, the said William
Thomas Cheetham, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said William Thomas Cheethain, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any. time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING HYDRAULIC MOTIVE POWER," upon the condition,
amongst others, that I, the said William Thomas Cheetham, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Thomas Cheetham, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement and accompanying Drawings, that is to say:―
In my arrangement for producing bydraulic motive power, I employ a

page_text: wheel with vanes thereon surrounded by an annular chamber furnished with
orifices which direct the water upon the said vanes, but the said water after
it has reached the vanes does not, as in the case of an ordinary turbine, pass
onward to the centre or outward to the circumference accordingly as the
guide floats are within or without the revolving part, but returns in a direction
nearly parallel to that in which it was delivered, and escapes between the
annular chamber and revolving wheel.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying Drawings represents in vertical section one
arrangement by which the above-mentioned general principle of my Invention
may be carried into effect, and Fig. 2 is a plan view, one half thereof being in
section.
At a is a revolving shaft through which the power is to be transmitted;
upon this is mounted a wheel b, the circumference of which is grooved out, as
seen in Fig. 1. The annular groove thus formed is provided with partitions c,
constituting vanes, but these partitions are not in this instance radial lines, but
are of a curved form, as seen in Fig. 2, and the two views taken together
shew, therefore, that a series of recesses d are formed with curved sides in
each direction constituting cup-formed chambers. Around the wheel b is
placed a water chamber f, the inward circumference of which has an annular
chamber divided into compartiments by stationary vanes 9 similar to guide
floats of ordinary turbines, and from the inward ends on each side of these
guide float the water chamber f recedes at an angle, as seen at f* in Fig. 1.
The water from the source of supply enters by a pipe h, and fills the annular
chamber f, from thence it passes between the guide floats g, which direct it to
the circumference of the wheel b, projecting it upon the vanes c formed thereon.
Arriving in contact with these it drives forward the wheel b, but as a
reactionary force takes place it passes along the doubly-inclined sides which
constitute the vanes c, and escapes upward and downward between the wheel b
and annular casing f, as seen by the arrows in Figure 1, the tapered form
of the inward circumference of the chamber fallowing space for its free
escape.
The above description explains the peculiar feature of my Invention, but it
is capable of modifications of arrangement, as will be apparent to all com-
petent persons; I will, however, point out two variations which may be
adopted in Fig. 3. The wheel b, constructed as before described, is mounted
over the annular chamber f, which delivers the water to the cup-formed
vanes c through the medium of the guide floats at 9; the plan view of this
arrangement would show the floats c and guide floats g curved precisely as in
Figs. 1 and 2. In Figs. 4 and 5 the revolving wheel 6 is placed on the out-

page_text: side of the stationary annular chamber f and guide floats g, which receive
their supply of water from a pipe h leading into a chamber k. In order to
regulate the quantity of water which shall be allowed to act upon the revolving
wheel, and therefore to govern the power, the spaces between the guide floats
may be partially closed sliding ring as is practised in turbines, or there
may be a separate slide for each space or for any series of such spaces. In
Fig. 1 I have shewn the application of one slide at 7 capable of being raised
or lowered at pleasure.
a
The above described bydraulic apparatus possesses an element of that
Invention for which Letters Patent were granted to me, bearing date July
Fifteenth, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, No. 1770, inasmuch
as the water is returned by its reactionary force; and my present Invention
is therefore within the limits of my former Patent aforesaid. In this instance,
however, the water is conducted by an annular chamber furnished with guide
floats, by which means I am enabled to use a larger quantity of water, and
thus effect an improvement in the cases of low falls and large supply.
In conclusion, I would observe, that although I have shewn the vanes as
curved in two directions, yet I do not confine myself thereto, for the groove
formed around the wheel 6 may be divided by floats springing radially from
the centre of motion; I would also observe, that the annular water chamber
may be made in separate portions instead of one which extends all round the
wheel.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire it to be under-
stood that I claim, as secured to me under the above in part recited Letters
Patent, the use of a revolving wheel fed by an annular chamber furnished
with guide floats, the former being so formed as to return the water somewhat
in the direction in which it was delivered. Also I claim the tapered form f*
of the chamber which delivers the water to the wheel, whereby the said water
is enabled to escape freely.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Thomas Cheetham, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Second day of December One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-four.
W. T. CHEETHAM. (L.S.)