IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Edward Vaughan, of 67, Chancery Lane, in
the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN STEAM BOILERS." A communication from abroad by Jean Mario Félix du
Temple, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Edward Vaughan at
the Office of tho Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd June 1880.
GEORGE EDWARD Vaughan, of 67, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS." A communication from
abroad by Jean Mario Félix du Temple, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
This Invention relates to improvements introduced into the tubular steam boilers,
for which Letters Patent were granted to Edward Primerose Howard Vaughan
under date of 12th May, 1876, No. 2003, the said improvements having for their
object to render more simple, economical, and efficient the construction and action of
these boilers while increasing the solidity and durability of their component
parts.
The improved boiler is, as in the original type, composed of two reservoirs or
collectors communicating directly with each other by one or several pipes of large
calibre and by a number of small zig-zag vaporising tubes which are alone exposed
to the action of the fire, the whole as moro fully described in the Specification
annexed to the Letters Patent above referred to.
For boilers of less than one horse power it has been ascertained that the outer
diameter of the said vaporising tubes should not exceed thirteen millimetres
(0.512 inch), and that for higher powers it should not exceed twenty-five
millimetres (1 inch). Beyond these limits the apparent increase in the pro-
duction of steam is accompanied by priming, while the difficulty of construction is
considerably enhanced.
The tubes should be formed of steel or of a metal equally capable of supporting the
bending process, and should be arranged in two intercalated series, each tube of one
series covering the interval between the tubes of the other series.
The intervals between the tubes of the same series, or from one series to the
other, should not be greater than from fourteen to fifteen millimetres (0.551 to 0.600
inch).

page_text: These tubes are bent cold into the form of elongated spirals, having a different
pitch at the extremity of each bend, and arranged so that tho boiler being set
horizontally may be completely emptied when the purge cocks are opened.
The total length of the bends should not exceed fifty-five inner diameters of the
tube. Beyond this limit the first bends of the lower tier run risk of being burned
when the feed is suspended as in stoppages of the engine.
The tubes are provided at each end with conical bronze ferrules secured in
corresponding holes pierced in the collectors, by means of forked levers of which the
longest branch clamps the tube above the collet of the ferrule, and engages in a
T shaped stay piece which separates the holes of two series on each of the
reservoirs, while the other branch receives a screw which forces the lever down on
the said collet.
The large return tubes outside the furnace should be prolonged to near the
bottom of the lower reservoir, to insure the proper action of the generator, and to
direct into cells or pockets formed for that purpose in the said reservoir the salts
or other sediments carried through the tubes by the circulation of the water, which
sediments are drawn off by purge cocks communicating with these cells. The
feeding is effected at either end of the lower collector by means of a stopcock in
connection with a pipe which passes through the collector a little above the lowest
range of vaporising tubes and pierced in front of each orifice of the latter with small
holes, the diameters of which increase gradually as they recede from the cock. The
aggregate sections of these small holes should not howevor exceed the section of the
way of the cock, so as to insure as far as possible the simultaneous admission of the
feed water into all the vaporising tubes which are most exposed to the action of the
fire.
In order to provide for the automatic feeding of the small-sized boilers (generally
less closely attended to than those of large size, in which the supply is easily
regulated) a float is placed in the upper reservoir, which float by means of levers
acts on a rod articulated on one of the levers and relieves a valve, thus allowing the
feed water to return to its source when the level exceeds the desired point. When
on the other band the level falls too low it presses on this valve with all its weight
increased by tlie length of the lovers, and forces the whole of the feed water to pass
by a second valve through the distributing pipe. It will be understood that the
above arrangement is only applicable to boilers designed for use on land.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said George Edward Vaughan in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
20th December 1880.
'
GEORGE EDWARD VAUGHAN, of 67, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS." A communication from
abroad from Jean Marie Felix du Temple, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
This Invention relates to improvements introduced into the tubular steam boilers,
for which Letters Patent were granted to Edward Primerose Howard Vaughan
under date of 12th May, 1876, No. 2003, the said improvements having for their
object to render more simple, economical, and efficient the construction and action
of these boilers while increasing the solidity and durability of their component
parts.
The improved boiler is, as in the original type, composed of two reservoirs or
collectors communicating directly with each other by one or several pipes of large
calibre and by a number of small zig-zag vaporising tubes which are alone exposed
to the action of the fire, the whole as more fully described in the Specification of the
Invention protected by the Letters Patent above referred to.
For boilers of less than one horse power it. has been ascertained that the outer
diameter of the said vaporising tubes should not exceed thirteen millimetres (0.512
inch), and that for higher powers it should not exceed twenty-five millimetres
(1 inch). Beyond these limits the apparent increase in the production of steam
is accompanied by priming, while the difficulty of construction is considerably
enhanced.
The tubes should be formed of steel or of a metal equally capable of supporting
the bending process, and should be arranged in two intercalcated series, as shown in
t, t, Figs. 1, 2, of the accompanying Drawings, each tube of one series covering the
interval between the tubes of the other series.
•
The intervals between the tubes of the same series, or from one series to tho
other, should not be greater than from fourteen to fifteen millimetres (0.551 to 0.600
inch).
"
These tubes are bent cold into the form of elongated spirals, having a different
pitch at the extremity of each bend, and arranged (as in Figs. 1, 2, 5) so that the
boiler being set horizontally may be completely emptied when the purge cocks aro
opened.
The total length of the bends should not exceed fifty-five inner diameters of the
tube. Beyond this limit the first bends of the lower tier run risk of being burned.
when the feed is suspended as in stoppages of the engine.
The tubes are provided at each end with conical bronze ferrules secured in
corresponding holes pierced in the collectors (as in Figs. 3, 4) by means of forked
levers (Fig. 6), of which the longest branch clamps the tube above the collet of the
ferrule, and engages in a T shaped piece, which separates the holes of two series on
each of the reservoirs, while the other branch receives a screw which forces the
lever down on the said collet.
The large return tubes outside the furnace should be prolonged to near the
bottom of the lower reservoir to insure the proper action of the generator and to
direct into cells or pockets formed for that purpose in the said reservoir the salts
or other sediments carried through the tubes by the circulation of the water, which
sediments are drawn off by purge cocks communicating with these cells. Tho
prolongation of these return tubes is shewn in Fig. 1 and at right hand of
Fig. 3, but in this latter figure the prolonged part is slightly deviated to permit the
application of the feeding arrangement.hereafter.described. The feeding is effected
at either-end-of-the-lower-collector by means of a stopcock in connection with a
pipe T, T, which passes through the collector a little above the lowest range of

page_text: vaporising tubes and pierced in front of each orifice of the latter with small holes,
the diameters of which increase gradually as they recede from the cock. The
aggregate sections of these small holes should not however exceed the section of tho
way of the cock, so as to insure as far as possible the simultaneous admission of the
feed water into all the vaporising tubes which are most exposed to the action of the
fire. The water being forced into this pipe by the pump or other feed apparatus,
from the end at which the holes are smallest, passes in larger quantities through
these small holes than through those situated further off, the larger diameter of
which latter tends to compensate for the difference and equalize the flow.
However, this distributing pipe which, in the drawings, is shewn adjusted to the
feed box, is as a general rule only applied to large wide boilers containing a large
number of vaporising tubes.
In order to provide for the automatic feeding of the small sized boilers (generally
less closely attended to than those of large size, in which tho supply is easily
regulated) a float F, Figs. 1, 2, is placed in the upper reservoir, which float by
means of levers L, L, pivoted at M, acts on a rod C, Figs. 1, 2, 3, articulated in O,
Figs. 1, 2, on one of the levers, and relieves the valve Ď, Fig. 3, thus allowing the
feed water to return to its source when the level exceeds the desired point. When.
on the other hand the level falls too low, it presses on this valvo with all its weight
increased by the length of the levers and forces the whole of the feed water to pass
by a second valve I through the distributing pipe T. It will be understood that
the above arrangement is only applicable to boilers designed for use on land.
Having now described the nature of the said improvements in the Du Temple
steam boilers, and the manner of carrying the same into effect, I doclare that what
I claim and desire to protect by Lettors Patent is,―
Firstly. The use in the construction of such boilers of two series of vaporising
tubes in steel or other appropriate metal, bent into clongated spirals of the lengths
and diameters abovo determined, the said tubes being terminated by bronzo
connecting cones fitting directly without packing into the corresponding holes of
the collectors, and secured to the latter by forked levers substantially as herein set
forth and shewn in the figures of the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly. The prolongation to near the bottom of the lower collector of the return
tubes or pipes, Figs. 1, 2, substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth and
shewn.
Thirdly. The application to stationary or other land boilers of the said system of
an adjustable float F, which by means of levers L, L', and of a rod O passing through
one of the return pipes in connection with inlet and outlet valves D, D', regulates
automatically the supply of feed water substantially as herein set forth and shewn in
Figs. 1, 2, of the accompanying Drawings.
Fourthly. The distributing feed pipes T, T, passing through the lower reservoir or
collector and pierced with holes of graduated diameters in correspondence with the
orifices of the vaporising tubes, substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth
and shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Edward Vaughan, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty.