IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL STONE, AND IN MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Rudolph Bodmer and John James Bodmer,
both of Newport, in the County of Monmouth, and Louis Rudolph
Bodmer, of 2, Lansdowne Road, Notting Hill, in the County of
Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF ARTIFICIAL STONE, AND IN MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN."
Sealed the 21st August 1868, and dated the 24th February 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Rudolph Bodmer,
John James Bodmer, and Louis Rudolph Bodmer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 24th
February 1868.
We, RUDOLPH BODMER and JOHN JAMES BODMER, both of Newport,
in the County of Monmouth, and LOUIS RUDOLPH BODMER, of 2,
Lansdowne Road, Notting Hill, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL STONE, AND IN MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED
THEREIN," to be as follows:
Our Invention relates, firstly, to the preparation of the materials to.
be used in the manufacture of that class of artificial stone in which

page_text: lime or cement forms the binding medium. The bases of our several
cementing compounds are formed, according to circumstances, of lime
either hydrated or anhydrous, or of lime and a certain proportion of
Portland or other cement (especially the cement described in the
Specification of the Patent, J. J. Bodmer, No. 1970, 1866), or of cement
alone, either of which substances, or the compound of the two, as
the case may be, is to be ground in a dry state in combination with
a certain proportion of sand or of any suitable kind of stone, such as
sandstone, limestone, quartz, granite, or whatever hard stone may be
found in the locality, or with well-burnt clay, broken earthenware, or
other material of a similar description.
In the manufacture of artificial stone the above-named cement,
patented by J. J. Bodmer, or the before-described mixture, which we
call "cementing compound," may either be used each by itself
or mixed with a certain proportion of broken materials, such as are
employed in the manufacture of the cementing compound itself. Either
the cementing compound may be gauged or damped and worked by itself
with water or with. certain chemical solutions, such as of ammonia, of
sulphates, of phosphates, and of silicates, and then mixed & amal-
gamated with any or all of the various kinds of the above-named broken
máterials; or the latter or both the one & the other may be so wetted,
as may be found most convenient. More or less liquid may be used, but
the mode we prefer is so to gauge the materials that the mixture when
completed shall be about as damp as ready prepared moulding sand for
foundry purposes. The mixture may then be moulded into bricks or
blocks or into any desirable shape or form, or it may be used as concrete
for foundations, walls, & other purposes. To give an idea of the
proportions suitable for such purposes we may mention that one part
of cement, consisting, say of one part of hydraulic lime and seven parts
of slag, ground together with two parts of sand, quartz, or other
materials, as above named, and subsequently gauged & mixed with
from one to two parts of coarse sand or broken stone, form a very good
mixture for concrete, bricks, or building blocks. It is therefore evident
that almost every country or district offers an opportunity for the
'profitable working of this process, and its adaptation to all countries &
climates is one of its principal and most important features.
The second part of our Invention relates to improvements upon the

page_text: Bodmer, No. 1504, 1864, and they consist partly in certain arrangements
and manipulations for regulating the feed and ensuring a more uniform
filling of the moulds, and partly in arrangements for giving hydraulic
pressure with the follower without the use of separate valves or
cams.
According to our present improvements the feed slide contains a
surplus of material, and the quantity required for one brick or block is
regulated by raising or lowering the follower, and thereby making the
mould cither shallower or deeper. The follower, which carries the
mould bottom plates is fixed to and supported by a vertical shaft passing
through the centre of the bottom piece of the press, which acts as guide
to the vertical shaft and follower. This vertical shaft rests with its
lower end upon a spring whose tension and lift is adjusted by means of a
bolt and nut. If more feed is required the spring is compressed and the
follower thereby lowered and the mould made deeper, and when the feed
is to be reduced the spring is cased and the follower allowed to rise and
thus to reduce the depth of the mould. The nut and screw are connected
by suitable gear with a short shaft and hand wheel, which latter is
placed within casy reach of the attendant, who can by its means at any
moment adjust and regulate the feed to the greatest nicety. These
arrangements relate to single-acting presses with downward pressure,
but they can be modified to suit presses with upward pressure as well
as compound presses. In single-acting downward-pressure presses the
follower is raised and lowered by a lever keyed to a rocking shaft, the
end of which takes into a slot formed in the vertical shaft above-named,
whilst another lover keyed on to the same rocking shaft takes into
a cam on the cam shaft from which the rocking shaft receives its
motion.
In order to ensure a uniform filling of the moulds we propose to
arrange the feed slide and to work it in conjunction with the follower
as follows, viz., firstly, the feed slide box is made longer than the mould
and is moved forward over the mould to the end of its stroke whilst the
follower (with mould bottom plate) is up; the follower is then either
lowered gradually or dropped suddenly, and either during its lowering
or after it is down the feed slide box is withdrawn, wiping the surplus
material off level with the mould table. Or, secondly, the feed slide
box is made deeper than the mould and the sides alone, or the sides
and the ends tapering towards the top. The follower remains up till

page_text: the feed slide box is at rest over it, when it is dropped suddenly or
lowered gradually with the material resting on its surface. When the
follower is down the feed slide box is withdrawn, and the surplus
material again wiped off level with the table. Or, thirdly, one or both
of the sides of the feed slide box are made moveable, being hinged at
the top and turned inwards towards the bottom, hopper shape, whilst
under the feed hopper and until arrived in position over the mould,
whereupon the sides open outwards, thereby discharging the material
upon the follower or into the mould. The moveable sides may be used
with the follower either up or down, and the feed box may be either
of the same length as the mould or longer, the surplus material is again
wiped off level with the table, as before stated. The sides are kept in
position and moved inwards and outwards by arms or brackets fixed
to them and taking into guide bars.
Another part of our improvements consists in arrangements for giving
upward pressure (in addition to downward pressure) by means of the
follower without the use of separate valves or cams. For this purpose
the follower is supported by a hydraulic cylinder and ram, the stroke
of this ram being limited either by a strong tie rod passing through
the cylinder or otherwise. The ram is under constant pressure cither
from the accumulator which supplies pressure to the top pressure
cylinder or from à separate accumulator or reservoir with an air vessel
attached. The follower cylinder and ram are made to give less pressure
than the top cylinder, so that when the top cylinder is under pressure
the ram of the follower cylinder is forced down. On the hydraulic
pressure being removed from the top cylinder the ram of the follower
cylinder will again rise to the extent allowed by the tie rod.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said Rudolph Bodmer, John James Bodmer, and
Louis Rudolph Bodmer in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 3
24th August 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, RUDOLPH
BODMER and JOHN JAMES BODMER, both of Newport, in the County
of Monmouth, and LOUIS RUDOLPH BODMER, of 2, Lansdowne Road,
Notting Hill, in the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
3

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto our, the said Rudolph Bodmer, John James Bodmer,
and Louis Rudolph Bodmer, Her special licence that we, the said
Rudolph Bodmer, John James Bodmer, and Louis Rudolph Bodmer,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the
said Rudolph Bodmer, John James Bodmer, and Louis Rudolph Bodmer,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL STONE, AND IN MACHINERY
TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN," upon the condition (amongst others) that wc,
the said Rudolph Bodmer, John James Bodmer, and Louis Rudolph
Bodmer, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Rudolphi Bodmer, John James
Bodmer, and Louis Rudolph Bodmer, do hereby declare the nature of
our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
Our Invention relates, firstly, to the preparation of certain compounds
to be used in the manufacture of that class of artificial stone in which
lime or cement, or a mixture of both lime and cement forms the binding
medium, and which compounds we call "cementing compounds." The
bases of our several cementing compounds are formed, according to
circumstances, of lime either hydrated or anhydrous or of a mixture
of both, or of lime and a certain proportion of Portland or other cement
(more especially the cement described in the Specification of Letters
Patent, No. 1970, 1866, granted to John James Bodmer) or of cement
alonc.

page_text: In preparing our cementing compounds instead of simply mixing lime
and silicious materials together for the purpose of using the same in the
manufacture of artificial stone, we grind the lime (which may be
hydrated, or anhydrous, or partly the one and partly the other) in a
dry state in combination with a certain proportion of the other
materials intended to be used, and instead of employing silicious
materials only we make use of any kind of stone, such as sandstone
limestone, granite, quartz, felspar, or other stone. Or we grind the
lime in combination with puzzolano, tufa, blast furnace slag or other
slag, well burnt clay, or similar materials, to which a certain proportion
of sand or any suitable kind of stone as above described has been added.
Or instead of lime cement, such as described in Specification of Patent,
No. 1970, 1866, or Portland or other cement, or any desirable mixture
of cements in a dry state may be ground together with a certain
proportion of sand or any suitable kind of stone as above named. Any
one of these compounds or any combination of the same more or less
finely ground may be used by itself in the manufacture of bricks,
as béton for
building blocks, slabs, tiles, and similar articles, or
foundations and ordinary walling, or as mortar or putty. Or such
compounds or any combination of them may be mixed with certain
proportions of sand or broken stone, or materials of the same description
as those which form part of the cementing compounds themselves,
and may be used in the manufacture of bricks, building blocks, slabs,
tiles, and similar articles, or as béton, and for ordinary walling purposes.
The damping, wetting, or gauging of such compounds and mixtures
may be effected in different ways. When cementing compounds are
used by themselves without the admixture of coarser materials more or
less water may be added according to the purpose for which the material
is to be used. In the manufacture of bricks, building blocks, slabs, tiles,
and similar articles, when made under pressure by machinery, or when
rammed by hand as in carrying up walls or in making foundations so
much water only should be added that the mixture when completed shall
be about as damp as freshly prepared moulding sand. The whole
quantity of water required may either be added at once to the dry
cementing compound on or before going through the mixing or pugging
apparatus, or if preferred, several pugging operations may be performed,
before or during each of which a certain proportion of water may be
added. Or the cementing compound may be brought to a pasty

page_text: condition and ground sand or any suitable kind of stone, slag, hard burnt
clay, broken earthenware, or similar materials more or less finely
ground, subsequently added to it until the mixture shall have acquired.
its proper consistency. Either of these methods or any other convenient
mode of wetting or damping may be carried out also in cases where.
no pressure is to be applied to the material, and when the material is
to be used in a more or less pasty condition.
When coarse materials are to be added to the cementing compounds
such as sand, broken. stone, and others as above named, the cementing
compound may be wetted and mixed by itself, and the coarse material.
added to it in a dry condition, or they may both be brought together
in a wet or damp state and mixed, or they may first be mixed dry and
subsequently damped or wetted and pugged as may be found most
convenient.
To give an idea of the proportion suitable for certain purposes, we
may mention that one part of lime and seven parts of slag ground
together with two parts of sand or suitable stone or other material as
above mentioned, subsequently mixed and gauged with from one to
three parts of coarse material form a good mixture for bricks, building
blocks, or béton.
The second part of our Invention relates to improvements upon the
hydraulic brick presses patented by Rudolph and Louis Rudolph
Bodmer, No. 1504, 1864, and they consist in arrangements for regulating
the feed and for insuring a more uniform filling of the moulds, and for
adjusting the lift of the follower so as to cause the mould bottom plates
to rise exactly to the level of the mould table when the finished bricks
are raised from the mould.
These improvements are applicable to presses in which the bydraulic
pressure is given in a downward direction to presses in which the
hydraulic pressure is given in an upward direction, and in which the
material in the moulds receives its first compression by the blow of a
falling ram or monkey to which the faller blocks with mould tops are
attached, and the said improvements are further applicable to compound
presses in which hydraulic pressure is given both in a downward and in
an upward direction.
According to our present improvements the feed slide contains a
surplus of material, and the quantity required for one brick or block is
regulated by raising or lowering the follower, and thereby making the

page_text: mould either shallower or deeper. The follower which carries the mould
bottom plates is fixed to and supported by a vertical shaft passing
through the centre of the bottom piece of the press which acts as
guide to the vertical shaft and follower. This vertical shaft rests with
its lower end upon a spring, whose tension and lift is adjusted by means
of a bolt and nut. If more feed is required the spring is compressed
and the follower thereby lowered and the mould made deeper, and when
the feed is to be reduced the spring is eased and the follower allowed
to rise and thus to reduce the depth of the mould. The nut and screw
are connected by suitable gear with a short shaft and hand wheel, which
latter is placed within easy reach of the attendant who can by its means
at any moment adjust and regulate the feed to the greatest nicety.
These arrangements relate to single-acting presses with downward
pressure, but they can be modified to suit presses with upward pressure
as well as compound presses. In single acting downward pressure
as well as in upward pressure, and in compound presses the follower
is raised and lowered by a lever keyed to a rocking shaft, the end of
which takes into a slot formed in the vertical shaft above named, whilst
another lever keyed on to the same rocking shaft takes into a cam on
the cam shaft, from which the rocking shaft receives its motion.
In order to ensure a uniform filling of the moulds we propose to
arrange the feed slide and to work it in conjunction with the follower as
follows, viz., firstly, the feed slide box is made longer than the mould
and is moved forward over the mould to the end of its stroke, whilst
the follower with mould bottom plate is up; the follower is then either
lowered gradually or dropped suddenly, and either during its lowering
or after it is down, the feed slide box is withdrawn, wiping the surplus
material off level with the mould table; or secondly, the feed slide box
is made deeper than the mould and the sides alone, or the sides and
the ends tapering towards the top. The follower remains up till the
feed slide box is at rest over it, when it is dropped suddenly or lowered
gradually with the material resting on its surface. When the follower
is down the feed slide box is withdrawn, and the surplus material again
wiped off level with the table; or thirdly, one or both of the sides of
the feed slide box are made moveable, being hinged at the top and
turned inwards towards the bottom, hopper shape, whilst under the feed
hopper and until arrived in position over the mould, whereupon the
sides
open outwards, thereby discharging the material upon the follower

page_text: or into the mould. The moveable sides may be used with the follower
either up or down, and the feed box may be either of the same length
as the mould or longer; the surplus material is again wiped off level
with the table, as before stated. The sides are kept in position and
moved inwards and outwards by arms or brackets fixed to them and
taking into guide bars. Each function performed by the press is called
into operation in proper rotation and controlled through a separate cam,
the several cams being placed upon a cam shaft or cam shafts, which is or
are made to perform as many revolutions per minute as the press makes
strokes, and we consider seven strokes per minute a suitable speed.
.
We will now further describe our said improvements in hydraulic
brick presses, reference being had to the annexed Sheet of Drawings
and to the letters and figures marked thereon, the same letters and figures
denoting corresponding parts in the several Drawings.
Fig. 1 represents a front elevation of a press, in which the pressure
is given in a downward direction, and Fig. 2 is a vertical section
through line a, b, of Fig. 1.
The press bottom A supports on two pillars A' the press head B,
to which is bolted the ram B' of the hydraulic pressure cylinder B'.
The feed slide box C filled with material from the box Z, which latter
is constantly supplied from a shoot or hopper, not shown in Drawing,
is moved forward by feed slide cam. E through levers E¹ and Es keyed
on rocking shaft E3 and rod O¹. As soon as the feed box C is at rest
over the mould D' the follower F with mould bottom plate F" (which
latter has till now been up level with the mould table D) is lowered by
follower cam G and levers H and H' keyed on rocking shaft H*. The
feed box C being slightly taper the material readily withdraws from it
and falls with the follower to the bottom of the mould. The feed slide
box now returns to box Z to be refilled, and on being withdrawn it
carries with it the surplus material, wiping it off level with the mould
table. The valve cam I through lever I' and rod I will now shut off
pressure from the hydraulic valve K and small lifting cylinder Land
open the off-flow, whereupon the large cylinder B' and faller blocks M
will by their own weight drop, the latter entering the moulds D and
compressing the material to a certain extent. In the act of falling the
large cylinder B₁ will fill itself with water by suction through the
pipe N, valve N', and pipe N, which latter communicates with a water
supply tank; this tank we prefer to place at a height of some fect

page_text: perpendicularly above the press to ensure a more rapid filling of the
cylinder B. Whilst the cylinder B' falls it will at the same time
through the lifting rods L' which connect it with the ram L' force the
water out of the cylinder L through. pipe I, valve K, and off-flow
pipe K into the supply and off-flow pipe Ns of the large valve N¹. As
soon as the faller blocks M are at rest upon the material, the valve
cam O through lever O' and rod Os will shut off the connection of
cylinder B with the water tank, and open the connection with the
accumulator through pipe K³, small valve K, pipe N³, valve N', and
pipe N. After hydraulic pressure has acted upon the material in the
moulds during about a second, more or less, the valve cam O will shut
off connection with accumulator and open off-flow in valve N³, and
almost immediately after this the valve cam I will shut off the
off-flow in valve K and open communication from accumulator to lifting
cylinder L. The ram L' through the lifting rods I will now raise the
large cylinder B¹ to the position shewn in Drawing, and at the same
time force the water from cylinder B' back through pipe N, valve N¹,
and pipe N, to the tank. The follower cam & through levers H, H', and
toggle joint H³ will now raise the mould bottom plates, with finished
bricks upon them to the level of the mould table D and immediately after
the feed slide cam E through. levers E¹, E³, and rod C will move the filled
feed box C forward into the position shewn, the finished brick being
at the same time pushed by the feed box C off the mould bottom
plate F and on to a small platform Y, fixed in front of the mould
table D from whence the bricks are now removed by hand, placed
on a barrow or truck, and conveyed to the place where they are
piled up to ripen or set. The follower with mould bottom plate F
remains up till the feed box C is at rest over it when it is again
lowered with the material for a new brick. With every revolution
of the cam shaft all these operations are repeated and a brick made
by each mould. The follower head F is carried by the central vertical
shaft F passing through the press bottom A which acts as its guide
in its rise and fall. The upper part of shaft F is slotted to admit
the end of lever H' and toggle joint H³. The upper half of the toggle
joint H³ is round and its spherical end bears against the cup shaped
end of the set screw F in the top of shaft F, by which the lift of the
followers F can be accurately adjusted when required so as to raise
the mould bottom plates F1 exactly to the level of the mould table.
Instead of forming shaft F with a slot as described, the end of lever H

page_text: may be forked, the corresponding part of the shaft F being for this
purpose flattened to fit into the fork, or two levers H' may be placed on
shaft H, one on each side of follower head F, the ends of the two
lever and the toggle joints carried by them bearing again against
adjusting screws which screw into lugs cast to the sides of the follower®
head F, as shown in Fig. 5. As already described the amount of feed
and capacity of mould is regulated or adjusted by raising or lowering
the mould bottom plates. The lower end of shaft F³ rests upon the
screw P which is carried by a spiral spring Q which in its turn is
supported by the box R bolted to the press bottom A. By turning
the nut wheel S to the right or to the left by means of wheel T,
shaft T, and hand wheel U, the spring Q is compressed or cased
and the shaft F raised or lowered. The spring Q must either be of
sufficient power to support the weight of shaft F and parts belonging
to it, or the weight of the same must be partly balanced by a lever
and sliding weight keyed on the shaft H³.
Fig. 3 represents another mode of regulating the feed. The shaft F
carrying the followers is made tubular or hollow at its lower end. As
represented the shaft F is raised to the top of its stroke, when lowered
bush P, spring Q, and bolt P will enter into the tubular part of
shaft F" till the closed end of the tube comes in contact with the bush P'.
When the hydraulic cylinder with fallers drops upon the material in
the moulds the shaft F³ will depress bush P' and spring Q, but the
bush P will slide past the head of screw P without depressing it.
The small spiral spring Q' has for its object to support the bolt P
with its nut wheel whilst spring Q is being depressed.
Fig. 4 represents one mode of regulating. the feed in presses for
giving pressure in an upwards direction only and in compound presses.
The hydraulic cylinder A forms part of press bottom piece. The
spring is placed inside the cylinder A, and a chamber is formed
in the bottom of the ram to admit spring Q and bush P. The
bolt P passes through a stuffing box in the bottom of cylinder A. In
this case the ram A' rests upon the spring and is raised and lowered
by it in the same manner as has been described with reference to
shaft F, in Fig. 3. The spring must be strong enough to resist the
hydraulic pressure upon the sectional area of bolt P, the hydraulic
pressure being 10 cwts. per square inch, and the sectional are a of bolt P
one half inch the pressure upon the spring is 5 cwts. The portion of

page_text: the ram above the chamber acts as guide to the shaft F³ to the top
of which the follower head F is screwed. The shaft F is raised and
lowered and the set screw for adjusting the lift arranged in the same
manner as described with reference to Figs. 1 and 2.
· Fig. 5 represents another modification for regulating the feed.
The bolt P is secured to the bottom of cylinder A. The nut P³ for
compressing and for casing spring Q is placed at the upper end of
the bolt P, and the nut P² may reach up into a corresponding shaped
recess in the ram A³, or the bush P¹ is shaped to fit easy over the nut P³
and the bush is made with two or more projections which take into
grooves in the ram as indicated by dotted lines. The ram in this
case acts in place of the nut wheel S described with reference to
Figs. 1 and 2. For turning round the ram and thereby tightening or
easing spring Q spokes R may be fixed around the ram, or it may be
provided with a number of holes for inserting a short bar. The valves K
and N, see Figs. 1 and 2, are adaptations of what are known as
"Fenby's Patent hydraulic slide valves," but other balanced hydraulic
valves may be used. In order to prevent accident in case the press
should be started without material in the moulds stops may be fixed
between the fallers and the followers, or in place of this a separate
hydraulic stop valve may be placed between valves K and N', which
when the cylinder or faller reaches a certain depth is closed by a tappet.
Instead of the large valve N¹ two separate valves may be employed,
one large one for filling and discharging cylinder B when pressure
is off, and a small one for admitting and shutting off hydraulic pressure.
In order to reduce the friction of feed slide C in passing over mould
table D and table D³ the feed slide C is placed on four wheels C* which
run on the rails C³, see Figs. 1 & 2.
66
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and the
manner in which the same may be carried into effect, we wish it to be
understood that what we claim is,―
Firstly. As regards the preparation of our cementing compounds, the
grinding together in a dry state of lime, either hydrated or anhydrous,
or any mixture of the same with sand or with stone of any description,
or with other suitable materials, in the manner and for the purposes
herein-before described.
Secondly. The grinding together in a dry state of any suitable kind of
cement, or of a mixture of cements, or of lime and cement, or

page_text: various kinds of cement with sand, or with stone, or other suitable
material, in the manner and for the purposes herein-before described.
Thirdly. The grinding together in a dry state of lime, and puzzolano,
or tufa, or similar materials, or any mixture of such, with sand, or with
stone, or other suitable material, in the manner and for the purposes
herein-before described.
Fourthly. The grinding together in a dry state of any desired
combination of lime and cements, puzzolano, tufa, blast furnace, or
other slag with sand, or with stone, or other suitable materials, for
the purposes named.
Fifthly. As regards the hydraulic brick press keeping the bottom
plate of mould on a level with the surface of the mould table till the
feed box filled with material is at rest over the mould, and with-
drawing the feed slide with surplus material after the follower has
been lowered.
Sixthly. Tapering the sides and ends of the feed box, or making the
sides thereof moveable for the purpose described.
Seventhly. Adjusting the feed by raising or lowering the follower (or in
bottom cylinders the ram with follower) by the extension or compression
of a spiral spring or other elastic medium by which the follower is
supported as described with reference to Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5.
Eighthly. The peculiar arrangement of raising or lowering the
follower by extending or compressing the supporting spring by means
of the ram, as described with reference to Fig. 5.
Ninthly. Adjusting the lift of the follower by means of the set
screw or set screws, substantially as described with reference to
Figures 2, 4, and 5.
In witness whereof, we, the said Rudolph Bodmer and Louis
Rudolph Bodmer, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this
Twenty-fourth day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
RUDOLPH BODMER.
(L.S.)
LOUIS RUDOLPH BODMER. (L.s.)