matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTEMONNAIES OR PURSES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Morgan-Brown at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th September 1881. A communi-
cation from abroad by Friedrich Wilhelm Schwarz, of Offenbach on the Maine,
Germany.
WILLIAM MORGAN-BROWN, Patent Agent, of 38, Southampton Buildings,
London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTEMONNAIES OR PURSES." [A communication
from abroad by Friedrich Wilhelm Schwarz, of Offenbach on the Maine,
Germany.]
This Invention of improvements in portemonnaies or purses relates to those
purses with a metal rim or folding up clasp ; but unlike those, this one is composed
of one flat piece of leather of round, or oval, or even irregular square form; when
opened it lies out flat, the contents being open, as upon a dish or plate.
The metal frames are divided into four parts or divisions; two opposite divisions
shut into each other and clasp and fasten in any usual manner; they either shut
into each other or are guided to shut together by pins; these are rivetted or sewn
on the leather to two opposite divisions, and it will be readily understood that the
flat leather would in these conditions fold together and the clasp would hold them,
but the other divisions of the leather would be open.
These two divisions are provided at their margin with a metal frame, completing
the circle of the piece of leather; each of these frames is fastened to the leather
by rivets or sewing, or other means, and each of these frames is articulated or
hinged in the centre.
When the purse therefore is folded and the pair of frames with the clasp
brought together, the second described pair fold inwards, and a portion of the
leather folds outwards, and the purso folds up clasped by the fastening, and the
contents are securely held.
It is not necessary to joint or hinge the second pair of frames at the ends to the
first pair of frames, but if required it can be done by any suitable articulation.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PURSES, PORTE-MONNAIES, LADIES BAGS, AND OTHER ARTICLES FOR THE RECEPTION OF MONEY CARRIED ABOUT THE PERSON
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philipp Lack at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th January 1881. A communication from
abroad by Lorenz Kuittel, Offenbach-on-the-Maine, in the Grand Duchy of
Hesse and Empire of Germany.
PHILIPP LACк, of Wood Street Square, in the City of London. “IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PURSES, PORTE-MONNAIES, LADIES BAGS, AND OTHER ARTICLES FOR
THE RECEPTION OF MONEY CARRIED ABOUT THE PERSON." A communication
from abroad by Lorenz Knittel, Offenbach-on-the-Maine, in the Grand Duchy of
Hesse and Empire of Germany.
The Invention has for its object improvements in purses, porte-monnaies,
ladies bags, and other articles for the reception of money carried about the person,
and relates to the application of means whereby coins can be readily placed in the
interior of a purse or other article without the necessity for opening the same; and
when the money is in, self acting means prevent the accidental passing out of such
coins, which can then only be removed from the purse or other article by opening
the latter in the usual manner. In applying the Invention to a purse an elongated
slit or opening is formed in the bend or junction of the flap with the body of the
purse; around such slit or opening is fixed an attachment formed with an enlongated
slit or opening therein, and on the under side of such attachment is mounted with
capability of turning on suitable necks or axes a spring plate, which in its normal
position covers the slit or opening in the attachment, but when such covering plate
is pressed upon by a coin it is readily displaced and the coin is free to pass into the
interior of the purse.
The attachment and covering plate may be formed of metal or other suitable
material, and can be ornamented in any desired manner, whilst the details of
construction may be varied without departing from the said Invention, which
consists in the application to the articles named of a slit or opening and protecting
or covering means for the purpose herein described.
In applying the Invention to other articles than purses, the slit or opening and
covering or protecting means can be placed in any suitable or convenient position.
By these means, when receiving change, the same can be placed in the purse or
other article quickly and without the necessity for opening the same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRICYCLES AND OTHER VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Duncan Macdougald at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th November 1881.
"
GEORGE DUNCAN MACDOUGALD, of Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North
Britain, Public Analyst. IMPROVEMENTS IN TRICYCLES AND OTHER VELOCIPEDES."
This Invention, which consists in building various parts of the machine in a new
and novel manner, has for its object to render the propulsion and steering of the
machine easy, and to decrease friction in the moving parts, so as to enable the rider
to mount hills with ease. The Invention consists,―
First. Of bars attached without the intervention of a connecting rod or link
directly to the crank of the driving wheel or wheels, and having pedals fitted on
at the other extremity. These bars are supported by any convenient means to any
convenient part of the framing of the machine, and in such a way as to allow of
the bars following the motion of the crank. A link depending from the top of the
machine, or a slide with or without balls, are convenient methods of attaching the
bars. There are means taken with tho aid of a small worm wheel or other
arrangement for moving the point of support, so that the rider without leaving the
saddle may increase the power when going up inclines.
Second. Of a method of steering two front wheels without the use of forks, and
which at same time allows of a perfectly open front to the machine. This is
effected by mounting the steering wheels on studs which at their points of
attachment to the frame are jointed. These studs are provided with projections
inward. Two steering rods are attached to these projections, one to each, and
these pass back to a central transverse lever, which in turn is moved by the
steering handle.
Third. Of a new form of bearing having a resemblance to that known as the
"dumb bell" bearing. The rolling portion differs therefrom-1st. In having the
middle or narrow portion of the rollers cut in such a manner as to leave perfectly
parallel faces which bear against the edge of the case. 2nd. In having cut on the
bearing face a narrow groove. These devices act so as to prevent the side cant or
twisting action to which these bearings are liable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM ENGINE INDICATORS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Reinhold Ferdinand Schloesser
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd March 1881.
A communication from abroad by Messieurs Dreyer, Rosenkranz, and Droop,
of Hanover.
CARL REINHOLD FERDINAND SCHLOESSER, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM ENGINE INDICATORS."
A communication from abroad by Messieurs Dreyer, Rosenkranz, and Droop, of
Hanover.
This Invention relates to that construction of indicators for drawing diagrams
to ascertain the actual horse power of a working steam engine, commonly called
Richards indicators, wherein the pencil which describes the diagram is moved
through an area considerably larger than the movement of the piston and spring,
against which the pressure acts.
The first part of the Invention consists principally in substituting for the
parallel motion usually employed (in the Richards indicator) a modification of the
parallel link motion (known as Evans's), in which the parts moved by the piston
are much lighter, and the arm or lever which carries the pencil is acted upon
direct by the piston rod, and hence the movement of the pencil is much more
accurate and less liable to vibration than heretofore, and a much more correct
diagram can be produced in consequence.
The whole of the enlarging apparatus is carried by a circular plate, which can
be turned by hand upon the top of the cylinder cover to put a fresh paper on the
revolving drum, and may be easily removed to apply a more or less powerful
spring to the piston when required.
The other part of the Invention relates to an arrangement whereby the
revolution of the paper drum can be arrested when at work for removing and
replacing the paper without unfixing the cord.
On a fixed central stud is mounted (so as to revolve loosely) a tube, at the lower
end of which is the grooved pulley, round which the cord passes, and to which one
end thereof is fixed.
When the tension of the cord is relaxed the tube returns to its original position
by means of a spring.

page_text: Outside this tube is a second tube, which is also provided with a spring, and
carries the paper drum, and the lower flanges of these two tubes are provided with
projections, which are kept in contact with each other by means of the last named
spring, and hence when the cord pulls one tube round it draws the other, and the
paper drum round with it.
The lower flange of the outer tube is provided with ratchet teeth, and there is a
small click mounted on a pillar and provided with a curved bolt, by means of
which it can be brought into contact with the said teeth and stop the revolution
of the paper drum, whilst the cord still keeps on moving and is not required to be
detached.
Another piece of paper can now be substituted, and when the click is released
from the ratchet teeth a fresh diagram will be drawn.
IMPROVEMENTS APPARATUS FOR IN MECHANICAL REPRODUCTION SOUND."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James John Walker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th July 1881.
JAMES JOHN WALKER, of No. 27, Francis Street, Tottenham Court Road.
"IMPROVEMENTS
APPARATUS FOR
IN
MECHANICAL REPRODUCTION
SOUND."
THE
OF
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for the mechanical
reproduction of sound.
I employ for this purpose a perforated band, and this is caused to travel past an
orifice from which a stream of air or other fluid issues. Sound vibrations are thus
established in the air, and these are intensified by resonators.
The perforations in the band are set at distances apart corresponding to the
pitch of the sound to be reproduced, and their dimensions are varied in accordance
with the loudness of the sound.
The perforated band may be produced from the photograph taken upon a moving
surface, of an edge caused to vibrate by the voice or other sound which it is desired
to reproduce.
From the photographic negative a positive is taken upon the band in a material
which affords varying degrees of protection to the band in different parts. The
less protected parts are then bitten away or mechanically removed.
Or a strip produced by the known instrument, the phonograph, may be taken,
and the undulations on its surface translated into perforations by biting away or
mechanical removal of parts.
Perforated bands of this sort may also be made to reproduce the sounds, which,
aided in their formation by causing them to pass in front of a light and allowing
the flashes passing through the perforations to fall upon vulcanite or other body,
which emits sound waves when thus illuminated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONNECTING TOGETHER THE ENDS OF THE RAILS OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Price Williams at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th February 1881.
RICHARD PRICE WILLIAMS, of 38, Parliament Street, in the City of Westminster,
Civil Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CONNECTING TOGETHER THE ENDS OF THE
RAILS OF RAILWAYS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in connecting together the ends
of the rails of railways, and the improvements are more especially applicable for
connecting together the ends of ordinary double headed and flange rails.
For this purpose I employ fish plates, which, in addition to being shaped on the
inner face to correspond with the form of the sides of the rails as heretofore, are
also formed at the centre of their length with a projection standing out from tho
inner face. At the ends of the rails to which such fish plates are to be secured, the
web is notched or cut away so that the projection on the inner face of the fish
plate may enter and fit partly in the notch at the end of one rail, and partly'in the
notch at the end of the other rail. The projection at the middle of the fish plates
extends only for a length of about 24 inches along the inner side of the plates,
whilst the remainder of the inner side is formed as heretofore; or the fish plates
might be formed with another projection near each of their ends to enter
corresponding recesses punched or formed through the webs of the rails. The bolts
used for clamping the fish plates to the sides of the rails may be passed through
these projections. The fish plates used on the two opposite sides of the rails may
both be formed with projections on their inner face, each projection being then of
a depth to pass into the notches in the rails nearly to their centre. Or the fish
plate on one side only may be formed with projections standing out from it, whilst
a plain fish plate is used on the other side. The projections would then be made
of a depth to pass nearly through the notches in the rails or entirely through so as
to extend partly into the opposite fish plate. The fish plates may be made either
to fit between the two heads of the rails or may in addition be made to extend
downwards below the bottom of the rail as desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR CAPSULING BOTTLES AND SIMILAR RECEPTACLES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th June 1881. A communication
from Franz Fehr, trading under the Firm of "Wiesbadener, Staniol- und
Metallkapscl-Fabrik, A. Flach, of Wiesbaden, Germany.
•
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Solicitors, at
Frankfort on the Main, in the Empire of Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES
FOR CAPSULING BOTTLES AND SIMILAR RECEPTACLES." A communication from
Franz Fehr, trading under the Firm of "Wiesbadener, Staniol- und Metallkapsel-
Fabrik, A. Flach, of Wiesbaden, Germany.
This Invention relates to improvements in machines for capsuling bottles and
similar receptacles, such as preserve-glasses, jars, phials, and the like.
A machine or apparatus embodying this Invention is constructed as follows,
that is to say:-
I provide a circular cast iron casing in which I place four semicircular or
approximately semicircular cast iron jaws, and four wrought iron links which
connect the jaws with one another by means of hinges or joints. The jaws aro
movable around four axles or studs screwed fast in the aforesaid casing. At the
end of each jaw there is a claw with a dove-tailed incision, in which is fixed a
piece of india rubber corresponding in size with the claw. The upper surface of
the said pieces of india-rubber is not parallel with the plane of the claws, but forms
an angle of about 45 degrees therewith. The mechanism is operated by 'a lever
provided at the periphery of the casing and acting upon one of the jaws; by
depressing the said lever the claws are caused to approach the centro of the
apparatus and thus to press the capsule against the vessel or receptacle to be
capsuled.
By reason of the angular position of the surface of the pieces of india-rubber in
relation to the plane of the claws, the pressure operates not so much radially as
tangentially to the bottle or other vessel inserted in this improved machine.
There is consequently less compression than twisting of the bottle, and a more
even laying of the folds of the capsule against the bottle is thereby attained.
If one depression of the lever is not sufficient to effect the desired result, it will
only be necessary to raise and again depress the lever to complete the folds of tho
capsule. As the rotary motion of the jaws is communicated to the object inserted

page_text: into the machine (a bottle, for instanco), it will not be necessary to turn the same
as when using machines of a similar kind as hitherto constructed.
This machine or apparatus may be screwed on to a table by means of a clamp,
or the casing of the same may be cast in one piece with a suitable stand.
The aforesaid lever may have joints which allow the same to be folded over the 5
casing, thereby rendering the wholo more portable. The casing is closed by a lid
which has a round aperture for the introduction of the bottles, so that the whole
mechanism is protected against dust and injury.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OPEN AND CLOSED FURNACES AND FIRE PLACES FOR THE CONSUMPTION OF SMOKE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Otto Trossin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd December 1881.
OTTO TROSSIN, of 28 Finsbury Square in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OPEN AND CLOSED FURNACES AND FIRE PLACES FOR THE
CONSUMPTION OF SMOKE."
The coals are shot into a recipient connected with the grate. Out of this
recipient the coal is carried by means of an elevator etc. into a hot chamber
where it is fully freed from gas.
The clean coke so produced is now cast into an ordinary grate by means of the
same mechanism, and here it is fully consumed.
The gases disengaged during combustion escape up the flue, white the gas
produced in the hot chamber is carried by means of a pipe towards the grate
where it escapes through a number of small apertures, kindling through contact
with the glowing coke and thus being completely consumed, and its products
likewise escape up the flue.
This smoke-consuming apparatus can be fixed in ordinary fire-places, kitchen-
ranges, boilers, stoves etc.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBONS FOR ELECTRIC LAMPS AND APPARATUS FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jabez James and John Cockburn
Francis Lee at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th
October 1881.
JABEZ JAMES, of Princes Street, Commercial Road, Lambeth, in the County of
Surrey, and JOHN COCKBURN FRANCIS LEE, of Ravenhead, Beckenham, in the
County of Kent. *IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBONS FOR
ELECTRIC LAMPS AND APPARATUS FOR THAT PURPOSE."
Our Invention relates to a process and apparatus for the manufacture of carbons
for electric lamps in such a manner as to obtain great density and uniformity in
their constitution. For this purpose we reduce the carbonaceous material to a fine
powder, and this we mould under very great pressure applied laterally to the cylin-
drical or polygonal form desired. The press which we employ is of the following
construction: In a strong plate we form a number of longitudinal slots, each of the
length and width desired for a carbon. In these slots we fit lower and upper
punches, the faces of which are hollowed each to the profile of the half section of
the carbon. Both these punches are attached to heads that are moveable in
vertical guides subject to hydraulic or other suitable powerful pressure. The upper
punches being withdrawn above the plate and the lower punches being drawn
somewhat down in the slots but not out of them, the pulverulent material is
charged into the slots, and thereupon the lower punches are caused to ascend and
the upper punches to descend, squeezing the material between them to the desired
form. The upper punches then being withdrawn while the lower punches are
caused to ascend, the moulded carbons are thrust upwards to the top surface of the
mould plate, and thereupon a number of quills fitted in holes in the lower punches
are pushed upwards so as to thrust the moulded carbons off the punches. In some
cases we mould the carbons with a fin projecting along each side. These fins may be
ground off if desired, or they may be retained on the carbon and may be serrated if
desired for feeding the carbon in the lamp.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HOLDING AND USING GUM OR OTHER BINDING SUBSTANCES.
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd November 1881. A communica-
tion from abroad by Albert Rittmeyer of St. Gallen Switzerland.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN of Kensington, Middlesex. IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR HOLDING AND USING GUM OR OTHER BINDING SUBSTANCES.'
communication from abroad by Albert Rittmeyer of St. Gallen, Switzerland.
"
"2
A
This Invention relates to improved apparatus for holding and using gum or other
binding substances and has for its object to avoid the numerous inconveniences
arising from the use of the apparatus as now in use. For this purpose the apparatus
is constructed of the following parts; a base plate with a handle; a glass or other
vessel resting on metal pins projecting from the base plate and provided with a
metal ring; a post with a sleeve or slide said slide being prevented from unintended
motion by means of springs attached to it; said sleeve is provided at the top with
two hooks, one for hanging up the brush and the other for some other instrument.
The brush is for this purpose preferably provided with three loops, one for
suspending the brush over the binding substance, the other for keeping it slightly
immersed and the third for keeping it strongly immersed. The vessel containing
the binding substance may be provided with a metal or other cover provided with
two suitable lids and a hole in the middle through which the brush may pass. Or
the post or, standard may be made hollow and a pin introduced, which carries the
hooks for suspending the brush. A metal ring rests in the head of the post, said
ring being provided with four springs serving in combination with a conically
perforated nut for fixing the pin in the required height. Or the pin may be fixed
by means of set screws capable of adjustment in a vertical sleeve, or in any other
suitable manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHURNS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Montagu Hill at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th September 1881.
JOHN MONTAGU HILL, of Harpford, in the County of Devon. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN CHURNS."
On
A churn according to my Invention consists of a vertical hooped barrel, in which
a central vertical spindle is mounted in bearings, one bearing being provided on the
bottom of the barrel and one in the cover, which is removeable. On the spindle are
fixed several beaters, these beaters being in the form of blades, with passages through
them, and being preferably placed alternately at right angles to each other.
the upper end of the spindle which projects through the cover is fixed a winch
handle, by which the spindle and its beaters are caused to revolve. For convenience
of cleansing the spindle is made of square or polygonal section, and the beaters are
made with holes through them of corresponding shape, so that they are simply
strung on the spindle, and can be readily removed to be cleaned. The metal work
of the churn, that is to say the hoops, the spindle, with its bearings and winch, are
made of galvanised iron to prevent rusting, and the barrel and beaters are made of
oak or other suitable wood.
THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR COMMUNICATING BETWEEN THE PASSENGERS, GUARDS, AND DRIVERS ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1881

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Morris at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st January 1881. Partly a communication
from abroad by Arthur Trigaux, of Tours, in France.
HENRY MORRIS, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster.
THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR COMMUNICATING BETWEEN THE PASSENGERS,
GUARDS, AND DRIVERS ON RAILWAYS." Partly. a communication from abroad by
Arthur Trigaux, of Tours, in France.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
These improvements relate chiefly to the Invention for which Letters Patent
were granted to me on the 23rd day of November 1877, Number 4417.
I place at the end of each carriage (near the centre), resting on the roof when
not in use, a signal or disk mounted on a lever or shank pivotted on and projecting
over the end of the carriage. To the end of this shank is, connected by a chain or
cord a bolt or bar resting on one of the weighted levers shewn and described in my
Specification dated 23rd November 1877, No. 4417, and when the weighted lever
is released it allows the bolt or bar to drop thus raising the disk or signal.
On one
or both sides of each carriage near the end I place a frame or case covered on all
sides above and open at the sides below, which contains a lamp suspended in the
upper part of the frame or case by a chain or cord retained by a shot bolt. When
the above named weighted lever falls it draws the shot bolt and allows the lamp to
descend into the lower part of the frame where it can be seen by the guard or
driver or signal men. If desired a lamp may be made to ascend and show at the
top of the carriage above the roof.
The above described improvements are my own Invention.
On the locomotive at either side in front of the driver 1 place two mirrors so
adjusted that the driver or fireman can see the whole length of the train behind
on each side without turning; thus the driver or fireman can see at once the lamp
or signal (and also the flash made by the detonating signal) when the signal is
given by a passenger in any compartment; this signal is actuated as described in
the Specification of my Patent numbered and dated as above.
The mirrors may
also be applied to the guard's van.
The application of the mirrors was communicated to me by the above named
A. Trigaux.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORIZONTAL PRESSES
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Humfrey, of 27, Hough Green, in the City &
County of Chester, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HORIZONTAL
PRESSES"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Humfrey at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th August 1881.
CHARLES HUMFREY, of 27, Hough Green, in the City & County of Chester..
* IMPROVEMENTS IN HORIZONTAL PRESSES."
My improvements consists in suspending the plates; mats, load, etc., from above by
means of chains, ropes, rods, or other convenient means instead of resting them on the
horizontal tie rods of the press, as is the ordinary practice, by which means I avoid
all the friction of the plates, mats, load, etc., against the tie rods and get a far more
uniform pressure.
When the press contains a small number of plates, say up to 12, it is only
necessary to fix the suspending chains, ropes, or rods about 6 feet above the press,
but when there are more, I prefer to fix the suspenders to small trucks running
in rails about 6 feet overhead fixing about 10 suspenders to each truck.
These presses are particularly suitable for refining paraffine scal.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Charles Humfrey in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 9th
February 1882.
CHARLES HUMFREY, of 27, Hough Green, in the City & County of Chester.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HORIZONTAL PRESSES."
My improvements consist in suspending the plates, mats, load, etc., from above
by means of chains, ropes, rods, or other convenient means, instead of resting them
on the horizontal tie rods of the press, as is the ordinary practice, by which means
I avoid all the friction of the plates, mats, load, etc. against the tie rods, and get
a far more uniform pressure.
When the press contains a small number of plates, say up to 12, it is only
necessary to fix the suspending chains, ropes, or rods about 6 feet above the press,
but when there are more, I prefer to fix the suspenders to small trucks running in
rails about 6 feet overhead, fixing about 10 suspenders to each truck.
These presses are particularly suitable for refining paraffine scale,
Having now described the nature of my said Invention and in what manner the
same shall be carried into practice, I declare that I claim―
As my improvements in horizontal presses suspending the plates, mats, etc., when
treating or refining paraffine scale and like substances, in the manner and for the
purpose above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Humfrey, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Third day of February, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
ATTRA T
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND IN CONNECTION WITH LOOM- PICKERS AND IN THE MANUFACTURE THEREOF
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Holding and Edward
Kenworthy Dutton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
30th July 1881.
JOSEPH HOLDING and EDWARD KENWORTHY DUTTON, both of Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND IN CONNECTION WITH LOOM-
PICKERS AND IN THE MANUFACTURE THEREOF."
Our Invention relates to the pickers employed in looms for weaving. Such
pickers are ordinarily made of folded buffalo hide. Our improved pickers are
made wholly or principally of wood, as for example, of ash or of a suitably tough
wood, but are not formed with the usual slots for the attachment of the straps.
We make them of a T or form, and we bore the horizontal limb to slide upon
the spindle. In certain forms of picker we provide a projecting web upon the top
of the picker to which the strap is attached. The said web may pass through a
slot or slit in the strap and be secured with a peg passing through a hole, or be
otherwise secured, or the end of the strap may be secured in a jaw formed on the
top of the picker. In some, or in all cases, we apply a packing or facing of hide,
leather, or other suitable material to come into contact with the shuttle tip. The
said facing may be secured, pegged, cemented, or tightly fixed in a hole or a sunk
recess in the picker, or in a recess extending across the picker. In one case a
cupped packing is forced into an undercut recess, such a picker may be formed
complete without rivets, screws, wires, or other metal fastenings. We prefer to so
proportion the picker as that when marked out upon the material preparatory to
the cutting out they fit together, so that they can be cut out with a minumum of
waste of material, so that for example, a square foot of timber will suffice for about
20 pickers; we may vary the method of attachment. In one arrangement the
strap is attached to a metal link which is secured by means of a staple, or is other-
wise secured to the back of the picker. In other arrangements the straps are
secured by means of screw clamps or of screws and clamping plates or parts to
the pickers. In such cases we are able to dispense with the hole in the end of the
strap which is attached to the picker. We believe that our improved picker will
require little or no oil, especially if black lead or lead ore be used as a lubricant
or as a preparation for the hole in the picker.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOXES OR CASES FOR HOLDING RIBBONS OR OTHER FABRICS, AND IN MEASURING APPARATUS COMBINED WITH SUCH BOXES OR CASES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Beagarie at the Office of tho
Cominissioners of Patents on the 15th November 1881.
JOHN BEAGARIE of St. Neots, in the County of Huntingdon.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN BOXES OR CASES FOR HOLDING RIBBONS OR OTHER FABRICS, AND IN MEASURING
APPARATUS COMBINED WITH SUCH BOXES OR CASES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in the arrangement and
construction of boxes or cases for holding ribbons and other fabrics to facilitate the
retailing of lengths thereof as may be required, and in the application to such boxes
or cases of measuring apparatus for the purpose of measuring the contents of the
box for stocktaking or otherwise when required.
For this purpose the rolls of ribbon are arranged in divisions or compartments in
such manner that the ends can be readily passed through narrow openings in the
front of the box through which the ribbons are drawn and cut off for retail
purposes as required.
A spring flap is applied to the front of the box which serves to protect the ends
of the ribbons, and also excludes dust.
A compartiment is formed at one end of the box in which suitable measuring
and counting apparatus is arranged, so that each roll of ribbon or fabric can be
readily and quickly measured, and the length indicated upon the dial of the counting
apparatus.
The measuring apparatus may also be used in accordance with my Invention for
measuring wide goods or fabrics by mounting the same in a suitable frame.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SKIRTS OF LADIES' DRESSES, SPECIALLY DEVISED FOR USE WHEN RIDING ON VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Otto Ferencz Viola at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th May 1881.
OTTO FERENCZ VIOLA, Cutter, in the Employment of Samuel Brothers, of
Ludgate Hill, in the City of London, Merchant Tailors. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
SKIRTS OF LADIES' DRESSES, SPECIALLY DEVISED FOR USE WHEN RIDING ON
VELOCIPEDES."
My Invention relates to improvements in the skirts of ladies' dresses specially
devised for use when riding on velocipedes, and has for its object to so arrange a
skirt as to prevent the same being lifted by the wind when riding on such vehicles,
and at the same time to allow free play to the legs of the wearer for working the
treadles.
According to my Invention the skirt is composed of two portions, one of which
forms the front and the other the back. The front portion is attached to the
back portion, and is provided at or about the middle thereof with a fold or plait
capable of being expanded or closed, as desired, and which, when closed, is held in
place by loops or bands secured to buttons attached to the upper part of the front
portion of the skirt. The back portion of the skirt is provided at or about its
middle with a cord or bobbin running horizontally through the same, or through
a "piping" attached thereto. One end of this cord or bobbin is secured to the
skirt, while the other end is left free for the purpose of drawing together or
gathering the back portion of the skirt.
When the skirt is worn for riding on a tricycle, bicycle, or other velocipede, or
on the top of an omnibus or coach, the loops or bands are unbuttoned, thus
allowing the skirt to expand and to fall for a certain length below the ankles of
the rider; the cord or bobbin is then drawn, thus gathering the skirt at back and
causing it to lay close around the bend of the knees. The cord or bobbin when
drawn may be secured in front to one of the buttons on the skirt, or to other
suitable part of the dress or costume, or it may be otherwise secured.
When the skirt is to be worn for walking the plait or fold is buttoned up, and
the gathered portion restored to its former position by drawing back the same
along the cord or bobbin.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PADLOCKS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Harby at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th February 1881.
THOMAS HARBY, of South Albert Road, Sefton Park, Liverpool, in the County
of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PADLOCKS."
This Invention relates to improvements on that class of padlock the hasp of
which allows of the padlock when unfastened dropping away from the loops or
staples to which it is applied, and thereby provides against fraud from the hasp
being apparently secured, while it is in fact only wedged into its locked position.
The object of my improvements is to simplify the construction of the padlock and
to render it durable and secure. The hasp I secure as usual by a pivot pin to the
case or box, and instead of allowing its free end to enter the case I provide for it a
fixed abutting piece, which rises solid from the upper side of the case and forms
the completion of the hasp. The abutting surfaces of these parts may have a
groove and fillet or a pin and socket to ensure their locking together, and form a
support to the movable portion of the hasp. The heel of the basp I fit with a pin,
which enters a hole formed to receive it in a locking plate, and by this means the
locking plate and hasp are so connected together that the endway movement of the
locking plate will raise or depress the hasp and open or close the padlock. The
locking plate is formed with two horizontal slots, one to receive a fulcrum pin
projecting from the inner face of the case, and the other near its connection with
the hasp to receive a square locking pin, which permits of the sliding of the plate,
but holds it firmly when pushed to the end of its traverse, the pin at that time
falling into a vertical extension or recess of this. locking slot. The locking plate,
which is moved by the key working against its lower edge, carries the tumbler or
"lever" stud, which projects as usual through slots formed in tumblers or levers
pendent from a fulcrum pin attached to the case. By the proper lifting of these
levers a passage is opened for the lever stud to pass, and thus allow the locking
plate to slide back and open the hasp. For the purpose of locking the padlock it
will only be necessary to close the hasp, which movement will draw forward the
locking plate and allow the vertical recess of the locking slot to drop over the
square locking pin. The basp will now be retained in its locked position until, by
the application of a key, the locking plate is lifted to bring the horizontal portion
of the locking slot on a level with the locking pin.
The proper adjustment of the levers by the wards of the key will then permit
of the locking plate being slidden backwards on its locking and fulcrum pins.
AN IMPROVED SIPHON WITH CONTINUOUS JET
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hippolyte Descours at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th August 1881.
HIPPOLYTE DESCOURS, of Boulevard Saint-Denis, 1, at Paris, Architect. "AN
IMPROVED SIPHON WITH CONTINUOUS JET."
My Invention relates to an improved siphon for raising liquids and fluids in a
continuous jet or stream, the principle consisting in interposing a moveable
hermetic valve or plug in the suction column of the water or other liquid or fluid
as soon as the rise is produced by a suction pump in such a manner as to com- .
pletely separate this suction column from the body of water raised, thus constituting
an independent and permanent discharge column, and always primed.
My improved siphon consists of a suitably shaped chamber of metal or other
appropriate material, which is closed by a cover fitted with a tube, to which a
pump is applied for producing a vacuum in the apparatus. This tube is closed at
top by a screw cap or nut after the suction is effected, which can be ascertained as
soon as the liquid or fluid reaches a sight hole provided for such purpose in the
said tube.
The suction pipe is fitted to the bottom of the chamber, and enters the liquid or
fluid to be raised.
The discharge pipe is fitted to the top of the chamber, and is furnished with a
cock or valve, so that the flow of liquid or fluid may be arrested as desired.
A horizontally working valve having a hermetic washer and moving on a guide
is made to open or close the tube first mentioned by means of a screw provided
with a handle or like contrivance for operating same.
A NEW PROCESS FOR PRESERVING EGGS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederik Wolff at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th March 1881. A communication
by Ludvig Thomas Johan Boje, of Copenhagen, in the Kingdom of
Denmark.
FREDERIK WOLFF, of the International Patent Office, Copenhagen, Denmark,
Candidatus Philosophice, Patent Agent. "A NEW PROCESS FOR PRESERVING
EGGS." A communication by Ludvig Thomas Johan Boje, of Copenhagen, in the
Kingdom of Denmark.
This new process for the preservation of eggs is based upon the circumstance
that the silicates which are soluble in water combine with lime so as to form an
insoluble lime silicate. In order to prepare eggs so as to preserve them, they are
subjected to the influence of such a lime silicate, which may be done by dipping
them therein, or by pouring the silicate over them, so that all the pores of the egg
shells become filled or stopped up and covered there with; soda or potash water
glass have been found suitable as preserving fluids. While the shell of the eggs
dry, the water glass enters into combination with the egg shell, and the latter is
thereby deprived of all porosity, so. that the atmospheric air which as has been found
is the usual source or cause of putrefaction, and fermentation is kept entirely away
from the interior of the eggs.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF ACTING RAILWAY SIGNALLING APPARATUS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Alfred Stanley and Robert
Stanley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th May
1881.
ROBERT ALFRED STANLEY and ROBERT STANLEY, of the City of Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF ACTING RAILWAY SIGNALLING
APPARATUS."
In
This Invention relates to the construction of a self-acting railway signal apparatus
upon the block system which can be actuated by the wheels of the train.
carrying out our Invention we employ a lever mounted at right angles to the line
of rails; the short arm of this lever passes under the rail, and at its extremity
which projects up slightly above the rail is formed slightly curved and flanged, so
as to present a long surface to the wheel passing over it. The other or longer
arm of this lever is jointed to the shorter arm of a second lever which is mounted
parallel with the line of rails and immediately alongside the semaphore signal post,
and the longer arm of this second lever is connected by a wire to the semaphore
arm, another wire connected to this same lever being continued downwards and
passed round a roller is then carried along the line of rails to the station, and
there connected to a bell so as to give a sonorous indication of the working of the
signal. This same wire on its way to the station passes under another similar
roller, and is then connected to a lever similar to that first mentioned, and which
also passes under the rail, and is provided with a similar curve and flange for the
railway wheel to pass over. The action of this apparatus is as follows:-Assuming
that the flange of the lever is projecting above the rail, and that the semaphore
arm is down, the first wheel of the approaching train depresses the lever, so raising
the semaphore arm to the danger position, and at the same time sounding the bell
at the station. As the train then proceeds along the line it comes on to the second
lever, which it depresses, and so lowers the semaphore arm once more to permit
the next train to pass, when the same operation is repeated.
A NEW SPADE RIFLE
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Franklin Fuller, Architect, Fellow of Society of
Antiquaries, of Brunswick Chambers, Dublin, Ireland, for an Invention of
"A NEW SPADE RIFLE,"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Franklin Fuller at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th June 1881.
JAMES FRANKLIN FULLER, Architect, Fellow of Society of Antiquaries, of
Brunswick Chambers, Dublin, Ireland. "A NEW SPADE RIFLE."
The object of this Invention is to form the stock of a rifle so as to be capable of
containing a spade or trowel, or the stock itself may be suitably made so as to
form a spude.
This I propose to effect by making the stock hollow in such a way as to act as a
receptacle for a spade or trowel, the handle of which is made reversible; or the
stock may be made so as to form the spade, in which case the rifle would act as
the handle. By this Invention the individual soldier will be enabled to carry
about with him the means of throwing up
"
cover in the field ou the shortest
notice, which will obviate the necessity for the transport of waggon loads of
spades.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said James Franklin Fuller in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
10th December 1881.
JAMES FRANKLIN FULLER, Architect, Fellow of Society of Antiquaries, of
Brunswick Chambers, Dublin, Ireland. "A NEW SPADE RIFLE."
The object of this Invention is to form the stock of a rifle so as to be capable of
containing a spade or trowel, or the stock itself may be suitably made so as to form
a spade. This I propose to effect by making the stock hollow in such a way as to
act as a receptacle for a spade or trowel, the handle of which is made reversible ;
or the stock may be made so as to form a spade, in which caso the rifle would act
as the handle. By this Invention the individual soldier will be enabled to carry
about with him the means of throwing up cover in the field on tho shortest
notice, which will obviate the necessity for the transport of waggon loads of
spades.
"
"
And in order to explain my said Invention more fully I will now refer to the
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 shews view of a rifle with spade in stock.
Figure 2 shows spade with bandle turned down roady for fixing in rifle stock.
Figure 3 shews spado ready for use. These last two views are drawn to an
enlarged scale.
a shews spado; b, spring clip to keep the spade in its place when shut, and when
opened to push the spade out; c, small pin in the iron heel plate of rifle which
catches the socket d'and keeps the spade steady in its place.
Having thus described the nature and object of my said Invention, I would
remark in conclusion that I do not wish to bind myself to the precise details
described and shewn, but what I claim and desire to secure by the herein before in
part recited Letters Patent is a spade rifle, substantially as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Franklin Fuller, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventh day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
MENTS IN PIANOFORTES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Springmann at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th October 1881. A communication
from Wilhelm Fischer, of Dresden, Saxony, Instrument-maker.
"
HENRY SPRINGMANN, one of the Firm of Carl Pieper, Civil Engineer and Patent
IMPROVE-
Agent, resident at 109-110, Gneisenaustrasse, Berlin, S.W., Prussia.
MENTS IN PIANOFORTES." A communication from Wilhelm Fischer, of Dresden,
Saxony, Instrument-maker.
This Invention consists in employing forks of metal or other suitable material,
and similar to tuning-forks, for producing musical notes in pianos, instead of the
strings hitherto always used. Moreover, the Invention comprises arrangements for
strengthening as well as for modulating the sound of the forks, for rendering it
more pure, and for producing a peculiar musical effect.
The forks are fixed to a bar combined with the sounding-board of the instrument,
and they are struck by means of a hammer which is put in motion by a key in
combination with a suitable mechanism, similar to those ordinarily employed in
pianos. For the purpose of stopping the sound, a damper is used, which may either
touch both prongs of the fork simultaneously, or but one of them, or both kinds of
dampers are employed together.
In order to strengthen the sound of the forks, and to increase its duration, the
inventor makes use of resonance-tubes, placed by preference parallel to the forks,
each of these tubes being tuned to the pitch of the corresponding fork, and each
baving a hole opposite to the end of the same. These holes may be closed or opened
by a slide connected with a pedal, so as to diminish or increase the strength of the
sounds at the will of the player.
When forks, such as are to be used in the present case, are made to vibrate, the
sound produced is a combination of the fundamental note of the fork, and of a
higher note, the latter increasing in strength as the pitch of the fork becomes
lower.
This higher note, called in acoustics the harmonic, may be suppressed by placing
a ring or band, by preference of india-rubber with felt underneath, at a certain point
around one of the prongs of the fork.
With each or any of the main forks, another fork, tuned in the octave of the
former, may be combined for producing a peculiar musical effect. This second
fork may be provided with one or with two dampers, or it may be left without
such,