Improvements in Caoutchouc Tyres or Rim-coverings for the Wheels of Carriages and other Vehicles.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Jan., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 8th Oct., 1896-Accepted, 21st Nov., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Caoutchouc Tyres or Rim-coverings for the
Wheels of Carriages and other Vehicles.
1. CARL SCHWANITZ, of No. 1798 Müllerstrasse, Berlin, Germany, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to an improved manufacture of caoutchouc tyres or rim
coverings for the wheels of carriages and other vehicles, whereby a permanently
easy and safe motion is insured for the vehicle while at the same time the durability
thereof is increased.
I attain these objects mainly by giving the wheel felloe or rim, or the solid
caoutchouc tyre, such a configuration, or by providing such an arrangement
between the felloe and caoutchouc tyre, that there shall exist a free space between
these parts which is permanently filled with air.
Ordinary pneumatic tyres are subject, more particularly in respect of private
carriages, to two essential disadvantages, which prohibit their application to this
purpose.
Every pneumatic tyre is subject to the eventual escape of the compressed air.
In some cases the tyre can be refilled, but in other cases this is not possible, in
particular when the pneumatic tyre has become leaky through prolonged use and
wear, or when the part containing the valve becomes damaged. Even assuming
that the tyre can be refilled, yet if the discharge of air occurs while the vehicle
is running, the repairs will always cause delay and inconvenience.
Pneumatic tyres have heretofore only been applied to light vehicles for the
conveyance of persons; but even assuming that they could be used on vehicles for
heavy traffic, it will be evident that owing to ordinary wear and tear they will
eventually become weak, in which case the tyre expands unduly under pressure,
and bursts at a pressure of about 6 atmospheres, the resulting loud report causing
the horses to take fright. This inconvenience, which has been proved to take place
in practice, can in no way be avoided.
My present invention has therefore for its object to produce an elastic tyre
which shall combine the advantages of a solid caoutchouc tyre with those of a
pneumatic tyre. For this purj ose I provide between the rim or felloe of the wheel
and the solid caoutchouc tyre a space filled with air, thereby affording greater
elasticity to the tyre and consequently an exceedingly easy and safe motion.
On the accompanying drawings are shewn various constructions by which my said
invention can be carried into effect.
Figs. 1 to 7 shew constructions in which there are provided between the solid
caoutchouc tyre A and the rim or felloe C, cavities or recesses E formed either in
the rim or in the inner periphery of the caoutchouc tyre, which cavities or recesses
serve to contain atmospheric air and enable an enduring easy and safe motion to be
obtained without the use of compressed air.
Fig. 8 shews a construction in which there is introduced into the cavity of the
solid tyre a suitably formed steel blade spring F extending round the felloe, which
spring yields slightly to the load of the vehicle and thus ensures an uninterrupted
elastic action of the tyre.
Figs. 9, 10, 11, 12 shew constructiens in which an air tube L is introduced in
the space E between the solid tyre and felloe. This air tube, when inflated,

page_text: assumes a form relatively to the solid tyre A which enables it to force the tyre
against the rim or felloe. In order to prevent the tyre A from being forced
outward too much, iron pins K, such as have heretofore been employed, can be
applied.
The air tube employed in this new construction must be capable of withstanding
considerable pressure without provision of the external support usually employed
with pneumatic tyres, and it may therefore be strengthened by means of a woven
or netted fabric applied either externally or internally.
If, with this construction the air tube should become leaky from any cause, the
air can only escape very slowly; but even when the air pressure has entirely
escaped the tube still constitutes the cavity in the solid tyre constructed as above
described, and the vehicle can therefore be still used without inconvenience.
In the construction shewn at Fig. 12 the solid caoutchouc tyre A is provided
with lappet-shaped or other projecting pieces a a which serve to envelope the air
tube L.
These lappets render the use of the pins heretofore employed with solid
caoutchouc tyres for securing the same on the rim or felloe quite superfluous. In
place of such lappet shaped projections a closed tubular extension may be
provided, which is only cut open sufficiently to allow of the introduction of the air
tube L.
Fig. 13 shews a construction in which the solid caoutchouc tyre A rests upon a
steel band D running right round the felloe C, which steel band is supported on
endless caoutchouc rings B B of a square or other section and of a soft quality.
These rings B B can also be maintained in position by means of grooves formed
in the felloe C, so that atmospheric air is continuously retained in the hollow space E
formed between the rings.
Dated this 8th day of January 1896.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in Caoutchouc Tyres or Rim-coverings for the
Wheels of Carriages and other Vehicles.
I, CARL SCHWANITZ, of No. 179 Müllerstrasse, Berlin, Germany, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention relates to an improved manufacture of caoutchouc tyres or rim-
coverings for the wheels of carriages and other vehicles, whereby a permanently
easy and safe motion is insured for the vehicle while at the same time the
durability thereof is increased.
I attain these objects mainly by giving the wheel felloe or rim, or the solid
caoutchouc tyre, such a configuration, or by providing such an arrangement between
the felloe and caoutchoue tyre, that there shall exist a free space between these
parts which is permanently filled with air.
Ordinary pneumatic tyres are subject, more particularly in respect of private
carriages, to two essential disadvantages which prohibit their application to this
purpose.
Every pneumatic tyre is subject to the eventual escape of the compressed air.
In some cases the tyre can be refilled, but in other cases this is not possible, in
particular when the pneumatic tyre has become leaky through prolonged use and

page_text: wear, or when the part containing the valve becomes damaged. Even assuming
that the tyre can be refilled, yet if the discharge of air occurs while the vehicle is
running, the repairs will always cause delay and inconvenience.
Pneumatic tyres have heretofore only been applied to light vehicles for the
conveyance of persons; but even assuming that they could be used on vehicles
for heavy traffic, it will be evident that owing to ordinary wear and tear they will
eventually become weak, in which case the tyre expands unduly under pressure,
and bursts at a pressure of about 6 atmospheres, the resulting loud report causing
the horses to take fright. This inconvenience, which has been proved to take
place iu practice, can in no way be avoided.
My present invention has therefore for its object to produce an elastic tyre
which shall combine the advantages of a solid caoutchouc tyre with those of a
pneumatic tyre. For this purpose I provide between the rim or felloe of the
wheel and the solid caoutchouc tyre a space filled with air, thereby affording
greater elasticity to the tyre and consequently an exceedingly easy and safe
motion.
On the drawings accompanying my Provisional Specification are shewn various
constructions by which my said invention can be carried into effect.
Figs. 1 to 7 shew constructions in which there are provided between the solid
caoutchouc tyre A and the rim or felloe C, cavities or recesses E formed either in
the rim or in the inner periphery of the caoutchouc tyre, which cavities or recesses
serve to contain atmospheric air and enable an enduring easy and safe motion to
be obtained without the use of compressed air.
Fig. 8 shews a construction in which there is introduced into the cavity of the
solid tyre a suitably formed steel blade spring F extending round the felloe, which
spring yields slightly to the load of the vehicle and thus ensures an uninterrupted
elastic action of the tyre.
Figs. 9, 10, 11, 12 shew constructions in which an air tube L is introduced in
the space E between the solid tyre and felloe. This air tube, when inflated,.
assumes a form relatively to the solid tyre A which enables it to force the tyre
against the rim or felloe. In order to prevent the tyre A from being forced
outward too much, iron pins K such as have heretofore been employed can be
applied.
The air tube employed in this new construction must be capable of withstanding
considerable pressure without provision of the external support usually employed
with pneumatic tyres, and it may therefore be strengthened by means of a woven
or netted fabric applied either externally or internally.
If with this construction the air tube should become leaky from any cause, the
air can only escape very slowly; but even when the air pressure has entirely
escaped the tube still constitutes the cavity in the solid tyre constructed as above
described, and the vehicle can therefore be still used without inconvenience.
In the construction shewn at Fig. 12 the solid caoutchouc tyre A is provided
with lappet-shaped or other projecting pieces a a which serve to envelope the air
tube L.
These lappets render the use of the pins heretofore employed with solid
caoutchouc tyres for securing the same on the rim or felloe quite superfluous. In
place of such lappet shaped projections a closed tubular extension may be pro-
vided, which is only cut open sufficiently to allow of the introduction of the air
tube L.
Fig. 13 shews a construction in which the solid caoutchouc tyre A rests upon a
steel band D running right round the felloe C, which steel band is supported on
endless caoutchouc rings B B of a square or other section and of a soft
quality.
These rings B B can also be maintained in position by means of grooves formed
in the felloe C, so that atmospheric air is continuously retained in the hollow
space E formed between the rings.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. Caoutchouc tyres or rim coverings for the wheels of carriages and other
vehicles wherein one or more hollow spaces are formed between the solid
caoutchouc tyre and the wheel rim which spaces are filled with air, for the
purpose of affording increased elasticity to the tyre, substantially as described.
2. A construction of caoutchouc tyres such as are referred to in the first claim
wherein the cavities E for the reception of atmospheric air are formed by hollows
either in the rim C or in the inner periphery of the caoutchouc tyre A, substantially
as described with reference to Figs. 1 to 7 of the drawings.
3. A construction of caoutchouc tyres such as are referred to in Claims 1 and 2,
wherein, for the support of the hollows in the solid caoutchouc tyres A there are
provided correspondingly shaped springs F extending round the rim C, substantially
as described with reference to Fig. 8 of the drawings.
4. A construction of caoutchouc tyres such as are referred to in Claim No. 1
wherein there are provided between the solid caoutchouc tyre A and the rim C
pneumatic tubes L which are filled with atmospheric or compressed air, and thus
constitute the air cavity between the tyre and rim, substantially as described with
reference to Figs. 9 to 11 of the drawings.
5. A construction of caoutchouc tyres such as are referred to in Claims Nos. 1
to 4, wherein the pneumatic tube L'arranged between the solid tyre and rim is
embraced by lappets a a, on the caoutchouc tyre, for the purpose of securely
holding the latter, substantially as described with reference to Fig. 12 of the
drawings.
6. A construction of the caoutchouc tyre referred to in Claim No. 5 wherein in
place of the lappet-like extensions, the tyre is formed with a tubular extension,
which is slit up sufficiently to allow of the introduction of the pneumatic tube I.,
substantially as described.
7. A construction of caoutchouc tyres such as are referred to in the first claim,
wherein the solid caoutchouc tyre A bears upon a steel band D laid round the
rim C, which band bears upon suitably formed caoutchouc rings B B of a soft
quality, so that a hollow air space is formed between the rings B B, steel
band D and rim C, substantially as described with reference to Fig. 13 of the
drawings.
Dated this 8th day of October 1896.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.