Improvements in the Treatment or Preparation of Rice and other Grain or Cereals for Brewing and other purposes, and in Means or Apparatus employed therein.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Jan., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 7th Oct., 1889--Accepted, 5th Apr., 1890
1
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Treatment or Preparation of Rice and other
Grain or Cereals for Brewing and other purposes, and in Means
or Apparatus employed therein.
I ALEXANDER PERRY of 71 Fairfield Road Bow in the County of Middlesex
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of my invention is to render rice and other grain or cereals more suit-
able for brewing, distilling and vinegar making and for purposes of food than
heretofore.
For this purpose I submit the grain or cereals to the action of hot water or steam
or both in order to cook the grain or cereals and saccharify the starchy constituents
thereof, and then force them through a die or grating from which they issue in
shred ribbons or filaments which may be removed and dried in any convenient
manner.
I will now describe the process in conjunction with the form of apparatus that I
prefer to employ in carrying my invention into effect and for facility of description
will assume that whole rice is the grain under treatment.
The rice is fed into a hopper provided with a valve to regulate its passage there-
through and is delivered into a fixed cylinder formed of sheet metal from which a
revolving feed screw conducts it into a larger and revolving cylinder of wire gauze
or perforated metal partly immersed in a bath of water which is maintained at
boiling point by any suitable means, such as steam heat and the rice is thus washed
and scalded or partially cooked thereby partially converting its starchy constituents
and by dissolution removing the germ; and the residuum containing the germ in
solution may be drawn off from time to time through a suitable cock provided for
that purpose and utilized in any desired manner.
The gauze or perforated cylinder. has fixed around the interior thereof a screw
conveyor or blades which may also be formed of wire gauze or perforated metal and
in the revolution of the cylinder the rice is thereby gradually conveyed from the
feed end to the delivery end of the cylinder during which time it is subjected to the
scalding or cooking process herein before described.
At the delivery end of the revolving gauze cylinder is a fixed cylinder of smaller
diameter provided with a revolving screw conveyor somewhat similar to that described
with respect to the feed end of the apparatus but in this case the fixed cylinder
enters, partly into the revolving gauze cylinder and is there open at its upper side
in order to receive the rice which is lifted and fed into it by means of one or several
blades fixed to the periphery of the gauże cylinder and preferably formed of wire
gauze or perforated metal and the rice is conveyed along the small cylinder until it
arrives at an opening in the underside thereof whence it falls into the shredding
apparatus the ice now containing just sufficient water to ensure its conversion.
The shredding apparatus, the lower end of which is enclosed in a hot air chamber
consists preferably of a circular chamber within which is fitted a plate or die formed
with a number of perforations or holes therein of any suitable size and shape and
one or several inclined, curved or bevelled blades, pressers or rollers are caused
to revolve in contact with the plate or die and thus force the rice, which is lying
upon the plate through the perforations or holes therein.
The moist rice passing through the shredding apparatus is exposed to the heat of
a drying furnace or stove hereinafter referred to and by the action of this heat the
rice is fully cooked and the starchy constituents thereof are completely converted
causing the rice to issue from the holes or perforations of the plate or die in the form

page_text: of glutinous shreds, tapes or filaments which will gradually increase in length until
their own weight causes them to break and fall.
The shreds or filaments are received upon an endless travelling belt or apron also
arranged within the hot air chamber and preferably composed of hinged leaves or
trays formed of wire gauze or perforated metal where they are completely or
partially dried by the action of heat obtained from any suitable stove or furnace
placed beneath the endless belt; the hinged trays or leaves at the end of their
traverse tumble over and deliver the shreds or filaments of rice and on the return
journey hang vertically by their hinges and enable the heat from the stove to pass
freely between them to the underside of the trays upon which are lying the shreds
or filaments to be dried.
The shreds or filaments may be completely dried upon this endless apron or if
necessary they may be delivered to another apron and conveyed to any desired
destination and the drying may be completed during their transit.
In some cases I provide the shredding chamber with two or more perforated plates
or dies and corresponding blades, pressers or rollers, and I may perforate each plate
with different sized holes preferably larger in the upper one than the lower one and
I sometimes, where the nature or condition of the grain renders it necessary,
introduce steam into the shredding chamber in order to moisten or convert the grain
under treatment.
When treating maize and some other kinds of grain or cereals they are first
crushed and steeped or washed in cold water thereby removing the germ and husk
prior to their introduction into the revolving cylinder the perforations of which
must be correspondingly fine but in other respects the operations are similar to those
herein before described.
When treating grain or cereals which have been ground the granular substance
should be fed directly into the shredding apparatus which is in this case closed and
there subjected to the action of steam during the process of pressing it through the
orifices in the plate or die, or it may be steamed in a separate vessel and afterwards
fed into the shredding apparatus.
For some purposes it may be desirable to dispense with the hot water bath
and to employ an imperforate revolving cylinder and introduce hot water or steam
therein.
The material under treatment may be sweetened, flavoured or coloured whilst
passing through the shredding apparatus.
A. PERRY.
By White & Woodington,
27, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Treatment or Preparation of Rice and other
Grain or Cereals for Brewing and other purposes, and in Means
or Apparatus employed therein.
I ALEXANDER PERRY of 71 Fairfield Road Bow in the County of Middlesex
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement;
The object of my invention is to render rice and other grain or cereals more suitable
for brewing, distilling and vinegar making and for purposes of food than heretofore.
For this purpose I submit the grain or cereals to the action of hot water or steam
or both in order to cook the grains or cereals and gelatinize the starchy constituents
thereof and I then force them through a die or grating from which they issue in
shreds ribbons or filaments which may be removed and dried in any convenient
manner.

page_text: I will now describe the process in conjunction with the form of apparatus that I
prefer to employ in carrying my invention into effect and for facility of description I
will.assume that whole rice is the grain under treatment.
The rice is fed into a hopper providedwith avalve to regulate its passage therethrough
and is delivered into a fixed cylinder formed of sheet metal from which a, revolving
feed screw conducts it into a larger and revolving cylinder of wire gauze or perforated
metal partly immersed in a bath of water which is maintained at boiling point by any
suitable means such as steam heat and the rice is thus washed and scalded or partially
cooked thereby partially converting and gelatinizing its starchy constituents and by
dissolution removing the germ and the residuum containing the germ in solution may
be drawn off from time to time through a suitable cock provided for that purpose and
utilized in any desired manner.
The gauze or perforated cylinder has fixed around the interior thereof a screw
conveyor or blades which may also be formed of wire gauze or perforated metal and
in the revolution of the cylinder the rice is thereby gradually conveyed from the feed
end to the delivery end of the cylinder during which time it is subjected to the
scalding or cooking process hereinbefore described.
At the delivery end of the revolving gauze cylinder is a fixed cylinder of smaller
diameter provided with a revolving screw conveyor somewhat similar to that described
with respect to the feed end of the apparatus but in this case the fixed cylinder enters
partly into the revolving gauze cylinder and is there open at its upper side in order
to receive the rice which is lifted and fed into it by means of one or several blades
fixed to the periphery of the gauze cylinder and preferably formed of wire gauze or
perforated metal and the rice is conveyed along the small cylinder until it arrives at
an opening in the underside thereof whence it falls into the shredding apparatus the
rice now containing just sufficient water to ensure its conversion.
The shredding apparatus which or the lower end of which is enclosed in a hot air
chamber consists preferably of a circular chamber within which is fitted a plate or die
formed with a number of perforations or holes therein of any suitable size and shape
and one or several inclined curved or bevelled blades pressers or rollers are caused to
revolve in contact with the plate or die and thus force the rice which is lying upon
the plate through the perforations or holes therein.
The moist rice passing through the shredding apparatus is exposed to the heat of a
drying furnace or stove hereinafter referred to and by the action of this heat the rice
is fully cooked and the starchy constituents thereof are completely converted causing
the rice to issue from the holes or perforations of the plate or die in the form of
glutinous shreds tapes or filaments which will gradually increase in length until their
own weight causes them to break and fall.
The shreds or filaments are received upon an endless travelling belt or apron also
arranged within the hot air chamber and preferably composed of hinged leaves or
trays formed of wire gauze or perforated metal where they are completely or partially
dried by the action of heat obtained from any suitable stove or furnace placed near to
or beneath the endless belt; the hinged trays or leaves at the end of their traverse
tumble over and deliver the shreds or filaments of rice and on the return journey hang
vertically by their hinges and enable the heat from the stove to pass freely between
them to the underside of the trays upon which are lying the shreds or filaments to be
dried.
The shreds or filaments may be completely dried upon this endless apron or if
necessary they may be delivered to another apron and conveyed to any desired
destination and the drying may be completed during their transit.
In some cases I provide the shredding chamber with two or more perforated plates
or dies and corresponding blades pressers or rollers and I may perforate each plate
with different sized holes preferably larger in the upper one than the lower one and I
sometimes, where the nature or condition of the grain renders it necessary, introduce
steam into the shredding chamber in order to moisten or convert the grain under
treatment.
When treating maize and some other kinds of grain or cereals they are first crushed

page_text: Figure 2. is a transverse section of part taken on the line 1-1 of Figure 1.
Figure 3. is a vertical section representing a modified form of shredding apparatus.
Figure 4. is a plan thereof showing two segments of the perforated plate or die
removed.
Figure 5. is a plan of one segment of the plate or die separately and
Figure 6. is a vertical section representing a further modification in the construction
of the shredding apparatus.
In the several figures of the drawings like parts are indicated by similar letters of
reference.
Referring to Figure 1. represents the delivery spout of a hopper (not shown) into
which hopper the whole rice to be treated is fed in any suitable manner and a' is a
rotary valve which serves to regulate the passage therethrough of the rice.
Beneath the nozzle of the feed hopper is a fixed cylinder formed of sheet metal
and provided with a hopper which conducts the rice falling from the nozzle a into
the fixed cylinder 7 from which it is carried forward by a feed screw 2 fixed upon a
shaft 3 which receives motion through a pulley fixed thereon and band * from the
pulley of a driving shaft and the rice carried forward by the feed screw issues
from the fixed cylinder into a revolving cylinder d.
The revolving cylinder which is formed of wire gauze or it might be perforated
sheet metal is partially immersed in a bathe of water which is maintained at boiling
point by means of hot water and steam introduced through pipes e from a boiler or
reservoir aided by the heat from a stove hereinafter described and the rice is thus
washed and scalded or partially cooked thereby partially converting or gelatinizing its
starchy constituents and by dissolution removing the germ:
The residuum containing the germ in solution may be drawn off from time to
time through a pipe & furnished with a suitable cock and utilized in any desired
manner.
The revolving gauze cylinder d is formed at each end with hollow necks which
are mounted with capability of revolving upon the fixed cylinder at one end and
upon another fixed cylinder f at the other end.
Around the interior of the revolving gauze cylinder d is fixed a screw conveyor d
which may also be formed of wire gauze or perforated metal and which is at the centre
of its convolutions fixed upon the feed shaft ³ or such conveyor might consist of a
number of angularly disposed blades by which means in the revolution of the gauze
cylinder the rice is gradually conveyed from the feed end to the delivery end thereof
during which time it is subjected to the scalding or cooking process herein before
described.

page_text: Upon the exterior of the revolving gauze cylinder d are fixed several longitudinal
tangential blades lifters or pockets which in the revolution of the cylinder d each
left a certain quantity of the hot water contained in the tank e and cause it to flow
through the perforations of the cylinder upon the rice under treatment and thus assist
the washing and cooking operations.
At the delivery end of the revolving gauze cylinder d is arranged a fixed sheet
metal cylinder f of smaller diameter somewhat similar to that at the opposite end of
the apparatus and provided with a screw conveyor falso fixed upon the shaft 23
similar to that described with respect to the feed end of the apparatus but in this case
the fixed cylinder f is closed at its inner end and enters partly into the revolving
gauze cylinder and is there provided with an opening f in its upper side in order
to receive the rice which is lifted and fed into it by means of several short radial
blades or lifters d fixed to the periphery of the gauze cylinder and preferably
formed of wire gauze or perforated metal.
A similar opening f is provided in the underside of the fixed cylinder f at the
outer end thereof and the rice conveyed along such cylinder by the screw con-
veyor f falls through the opening f whence it is conducted by a spout or shoot f³
into the shredding apparatus g the grain now containing just sufficient water to
ensure its conversion.
The shredding apparatus is at its lower part or it might be entirely enclosed within
a hot air chamber and it consists preferably of a circular chamber or cylinder g in
which is fitted a plate or die g¹ formed with a number of perforations or holes therein
of any suitable size and shape and this plate or die is preferably formed in sections
as represented more particularly at Figures 4 and 5 and supported upon a grating g
constituting the bottom of the shredding chamber and to which such sections are
secured by countersunk screws or bolts so as to be easily removeable for the purpose
of changing the die for another of a different kind or for other purposes.
The grating is firmly bolted to the shredding chamber or cylinder g by bolts g³
and it is provided at its centre with a V shaped bearing gt for the correspondingly
shaped lower end of a vertical shaft upon the upper end of which is fixed a bevelled
wheel which engages a corresponding wheel fixed upon the driving shaft
which the necessary rotary motion is derived.
from
Upon the vertical shaft is fixed a boss from which project two axles g³ upon
which are mounted with capability of revolution two heavy rollers g" and these rollers
in the revolution of the shaft grun upon the plate or die gland thus force the
rice which is lying upon such plate or die through the perforations or holes
therein.
Scrapers or doctors g!" carried by arms g fixed upon the shaft g are employed to
remove any rice adhering to the rollers and the cylinder g is formed or provided
at its centre and inner periphery with inclined walls g2 to guide or deflect the rice
beneath the rollers g".
The moist rice passing through the shredding apparatus y is exposed to the heat of
a drying furnace or stove & hereinafter more fully referred to and by the action of the
heat the rice is fully cooked and the starchy constituents thereof are completely con-.
verted causing the rice to issue from the holes or perforations of the dic or plate g¹
in the form of glutinous shreds tapes or filaments according to the shape of such
holes and which shreds tapes or filaments will gradually increase in length until their
own weight causes them to break and fall.
to
The shreds tapes or filaments are received upon an endless travelling belt or apron ¿.
arranged within the hot air chamber and preferably composed of chains
which are hinged leaves or trays formed of wire gauze or perforated metal' passing
around drums 3 one or both of which is or are driven in any suitable manner and
the material is there completely or partially dried by the action of heated air obtained
from the stove or furnace k: The stove or furnace k which of the kind known as
"Cockles" stove or it might be of any other suitable description is preferably
placed near to one of the side walls' and beneath the tank e although it might be
a

page_text: arranged beneath the endless belt and it is supplied with air through an opening
which air passes upward around the stove and partly through the heating pipes k
whence it passes over the baffle wall to the shredding apparatus and belt or
apron i.
The stove
is provided with cast iron tubular ways passing through the side
wall of the hot air chamber one to serve as the stoke hole and the other to afford
access to the ash pit.
The products of combustion from the furnace of the stove are conducted away by
a flue to the exterior of the drying chamber h.
The shreds tapes or filaments may be completely dried upon the endless belt
provided it is of sufficient length and travels at the necessary speed or if desired
they may be delivered to another apron j formed of wire gauze or perforated metal
and supported upon drums and passing through an opening in the side wall of the
drying chamber to another drying chamber or to any desired destination and the
drying may be completed during their transit.
An opening * is provided at the upper part of the side wall farthest from the
stove through which the heated air may pass away to another drying chamber.
In the modification represented at Figures 3, 4 and 5 the shredding chamber is
provided with two or it might be more perforated plates or dies gl and corresponding
blades or pressers g" or they might be rollers as herein before described and if desired
the plates or dies g' may be perforated with different sized holes preferably larger in
the upper one than the lower one and when the condition or nature of the grain
renders it necessary I introduce steam or a combination of steam and water into the
shredding chamber g through a pipe g¹³ in order to moisten and assist to convert the
grain under treatment.
When treating maize and some other kinds of grain or cereals they are first
crushed or steeped or washed in cold water thereby removing the germ and husk
prior to their introduction into the revolving gauze cylinder the perforations of
which must be correspondingly fine but in other respects the operations are similar
to those herein before described with respect to whole rice.
At Figure G I have represented a modified form of shredding apparatus g intended
more especially for the treatment of grain or cereals which have been previously ground.
In this arrangement the top and sides of the shredding chamber d are closed steam
tight and the material in a granular form is fed directly into the shredding chamber g
by way of a hopper g and a rotary pocket valve so arranged as to feed the
material into the shredding chamber without permitting any serious escape of
steam therefrom.
in
Steam or steam and water combined are admitted to the shredding chamber
regulated quantities by a pipe or conduit 19 and the material is subjected to the
action thereof during the process of pressing it through the orifices in the die or plate g¹.
Or the granular material might be steamed in a separate vessel and afterwards fed
into the shredding chamber gas will be readily understood and in this case the hot
water bath e might be dispensed with and an imperforate revolving cylinder might be
substituted for the perforated cylinder d the necessary steam or steam and hot water
being introduced into such cylinder.
'
The material under treatment may be sweetened flavoured or coloured whilst
passing through the shredding apparatus g.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is,
1. The improvements in the treatment of rice and other grain or cereals and in
means or apparatus employed therein substantially as herein shown and described.
2. In the treatment of grain or cereals for brewing and other purposes, submitting
whole, crushed, or ground grain or cereals to the action of hot water or steam either
or both and then reducing the mass to shreds tapes or filaments by pressing it

page_text: through a perforated plate or die which shreds tapes or filaments are afterwards
dried substantially as herein described and for the purpose stated.
3. In the treatment of grain or cereals for brewing and other purposes; submitting
whole crushed or ground grain or cereals to the action of hot water or steam either
or both and then reducing the mass to shreds, tapes or filaments by pressing it
through a plate or die in the presence of heated air such shreds, tapes or filaments
being afterwards dried substantially as herein described and for the purpose stated.
4. In the treatment of grain or cereals for brewing and other purposes the
continuous process consisting in submitting whole, crushed or ground grain or cereals
to the action of hot water or steam either or both in one cylinder or vessel thence
passing it directly into another chamber or vessel where it may be further treated
with hot water or steam either or both and where it is pressed through a plate or die
whilst subjected to the action of heated air and whence it issues in shreds tapes or
filaments which are carried away by a travelling apron or belt to be further dried, or
to any desired destination, substantially as herein described and for the purpose
stated.
5. In the treatment of maize and some other kinds of grain or cereals for brewing
and other purposes crushing the grain and steeping or washing it in cold water in
order to remove the husk and germ then submitting it to the action of hot water or
steam either or both and then reducing the mass to shreds, tapes or filaments by
pressing it through a perforated plate or die which shreds tapes or filaments are
afterwards dried, substantially as herein described and for the purpose stated.
6. In apparatus for the treatment of grain or cereals for brewing and other
purposes, a revolving perforated cylinder partially immersed in a bath of hot water
and furnished with a feed screw fixed thereto, substantially, as herein shewn and
described and for the purpose stated.
7. In apparatus for the treatment of grain or cereals for brewing and other
purposes a fixed cylinder into which the material is fed provided with a revolving
screw for feeding the material forward and opening into one end of a revolving
perforated cylinder partially immersed in a bath of hot water and furnished with a
feed screw fixed thereto and several blades or lifters, a fixed cylinder entering the
other end of such revolving cylinder and at that end formed with an opening in its
upper side to receive the material raised by the lifters in the revolution of the
perforated cylinder such fixed cylinder being furnished with a feed screw and at the
other end provided with an opening in its underside for the delivery of the material
substantially as herein shewn and described and for the purpose stated.
8. In apparatus for the treatment of grain or cereals for brewing and otlier
purposes, the combination of a steaming, cooking, or converting apparatus and a
shredding apparatus the latter consisting of a cylinder or chamber furnished with
one or more perforated dies or plates and corresponding rollers, pressers or blades
for pressing the material, through such dies, substantially as herein shown and
described and for the purpose stated.
9. In apparatus for the treatment of grain or cereals for brewing and other
purposes, the combination of a fixed cylinder into which the material is fed provided
with a revolving screw for feeding the material forward and opening into one end of
a revolving perforated cylinder partially immersed in a bath of hot water and
furnished with a feed screw fixed thereto and several blades or lifters, a fixed cylinder
entering the other end of such revolving cylinder and at that end formed with an
opening in its upper side to receive the material raised by the lifters in the revolution
of the perforated cylinder such fixed cylinder being furnished with a feed screw and
at the other end provided with an opening in its under side for the delivery of the
material, a shredding apparatus for receiving such material, consisting of a cylinder
or chamber furnished with one or more perforated dies or plates and corresponding
rollers blades or pressers for pressing the material through such dies, one or more
endless belts for receiving and carrying away such material, and a hot air chamber
enclosing or partially enclosing the shredding apparatus and the endless belt or
belts, substantially as herein shown and described and for the purposes stated.

page_text: 10. In apparatus for the treatment of grain or cereals for brewing and other
purposes, a shredding apparatus consisting of a cylinder or chamber furnished with
one or more perforated dies or plates and corresponding rollers pressers or blades for
pressing the material through the perforations in such dies substantially as hereiu
shown and described and for the purpose stated.
11. In apparatus for the treatment of grain or cereals for brewing and other
purposes, a shredding apparatus consisting of a cylinder or chamber furnished with
one or more perforated dies or plates corresponding rollers blades or pressers for
pressing the material through the perforations in such dies and suitable ways for the
introduction of water or steam or both, substantially as herein shown and described
and for the purpose stated.
12. In apparatus for the treatment of grain or cereals for brewing and other
purposes a shredding apparatus consisting of a cylinder or chamber closed at its.top
and furnished with one or more perforated dies or plates corresponding rollers blades
or pressers for pressing the material through the perforations in such dies or plates
and suitable ways for the introduction of water or steam or both, substantially as
herein shown and described and for the purpose stated.
Dated this 7th day of October 1889.
WHITE & WOODINGTON,
27, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant..