IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING 93
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Singleton of Over Darwen in the county of
Lancaster Machine Maker for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
FOR WEAVING
93
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Singleton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th April 1883.
THOMAS SINGLETON of [Over] Darwen in the county of Lancaster Machinist
[Machine Maker] "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
"
My improvements relate firstly to an improved arrangement for regulating the
tension on the beam, around each ruffle of the back beam I pass a chain or rope
one of which after passing downwards and around a runner or pulley is secured
to a dead bracket on the loom side and the chain is regulated by a screw, the other
end of the rope passes downwards and on to a weighted lever, a sliding lever
embraces the two chains or ropes and by moving this link nearer to or further
from the ruffle, it regulates the tension of the rope or chain upon the beam and
also the amount of oscillation of the beam, also by moving the weight towards the
fulcrum of the lever the oscillation of the beam is increased as the yarn on the
beam diminishes; or I employ a rope or chain, which, after passing round the ruffle
of the beam one end is secured to a hook passing through a dead stop stud or
bracket the hook is screwed so as to be adjustable, the other end of the rope is
attached to a pivotted weight lever, a sliding link embraces the two chains as
before described. An improved chain holder for the pivotted weight lever
constructed for varying the length of chain. The regulating screw is used only at
the beginning of the warp for regulating the chain.
A feeler can be used to the above arrangement for selfactingly regulating the
weight. If required instead of one end of each chain being secured to the dead
stop after passing round their respective pulleys they may each be carried over
and forwards and jointed towards the centre of the loom thus making one endless
chain, pulling against each other as if from a fast end as before described.
Secondly-To an improved arrangement of feeler for selfactingly regulating the
weight upon the back beam so that the weight may slide down the lever and take
off the weight at any required speed. I employ a feeler in a slide, to the feeler is
attached a chain which passes alternately under runners upon a lever and over

page_text: runners or studs upon a fixed bracket above such lever, by this means as the feeler
arm rises it raises the lever and so allows the weight to travel any required
distance according to the length of the above lever and the number of studs or
pulleys.
Thirdly. To an improved wing rod. I strengthen the wing rod either in the 5
centre or at two divided positions by increasing its size or substance and attach it
to the sley by means of two clip brackets, the thickened part being partly embedded
in the sley bottom, one or two duck bills may be used as preferred, by this means
the tension or strain upon the rod is not transmitted to its whole length, the
]
wing rod may be made of either wrough iron, malleable, or steel as suitable.
Fourthly. To an improved strap fork joint. I fix to the strap fork arm a long
bearing pin or stud preferably on its underside, a corresponding long bush into
which the stud fits is carried in the bracket, this bush is threaded on its outside
and attached to the bracket by nuts one on each side so that the height of the
strap fork arm can be regulated to any nicety a large wearing surface is by this 1
means obtained and thereby greater durability, or I lengthen the stud of ordinary
strap fork joint and on the projecting part of the stud I place a taper bush
attached by set screws so that when either the stud or the bush of the strap fork
wears the taper bush can be lowered to fill up the space and prevent a shaky joint.
Or the strap fork may have a conical hole in the bush, the bush being on the under-
side and a corresponding conical stud and nut or bolt cast in it to secure it to the
bracket in this case there is no tendency to bite or lock.
Fifthly. My improved swell consists of a steel spring constructed so that both
ends are fast or slotted and the lower portion presents itself to the shuttle or the
steel spring swell is bushed and pivotted at one end the rest in constructed after
the manner of the ordinary cast iron swells.
Sixthly. To an improved construction of brake lever and shoe bracket or brake
block; I construct my brake lover so as to work or pivot on a stud bracket and
also to carry a swivelling or pivotted shoe bracket the stud and bracket are cast
in one piece, the bearings or bosses which embrace both stud brackets are in halves
like a pedestal and are held together by a bolt or screw so that no boring or
turning is required for either the pivots or bearings, the shoe being pivotted, beds
or regulates itself to the surface of the wheel, by this means the putting on and
taking off the brake is guaranteed; the studs above the brackets may either be
cast with a shoulder or head on or may be in the form of plain pins, and fingers
are cast on one half of the bearing bracket so as to keep the brackets in position.
Or my improved brake lever is of the L form and is pivotted on a stud its Lend
forming a second stud which carries a link sliding horizontally on a fixed bed or
slide, this link carries the shoe; as the brake is put on the link carrying the shoo
slides forwards horizontally on the fixed bed the link is made in two parts to clip
the shoe pivot and the stud upon the brake lever and is held together by a bolt
and so dispenses with boring.
Seventhly. To an improved pinion wheel stud for the taking up motion.
I construct my improved stud of Kirkstall Forge Iron, and drive it into a suitable
hole in its bracket the boss of the bracket being heated expands and contracts on
cooling thus firmly secureses the stud or a pin may be passed through and so
dispense with turning and rivetting; the tumbler for keeping the wheel in position
I construct of wire looped and pivotting on two paps or nipples cut on the bracket
or instead of wire it may be made of malleable iron and nipped into position or
may be of cast iron and in two parts held together by a bolt or the tumbler may
be of cast iron pivotted on a carrier the hole in the boss of the tumbler is partly
cut away and the carrier so formed that when the tumbler is turned upwards it can
be slipped off and on at will thus dispensing with the bolt as above described.
Eighthly. To an improved stud for the taking up wheel. I construct my stud
of Kirkstall iron one uniform thickness a pin is put in for the pinion to key upon
and a boss and set screw for steadying it in position by this means no turning or
turning down and scrowing is required as well as a nut being dispensed with

page_text: Ninethly. To an improved spindle stud. I construct my spindle stud in two
pieces packed between with leather pasteboard or suitable substance so that the
shuttle when striking against it is not injured, or the spindle stud may be made in
two pieces without any intermediate packing the spindle end being carried by one
piece, when worn this part only requires renewing To dispense with the eye bolt
I construct the spindle stud with a slot and a loose pin to carry the spindle an
ordinary bolt can thus be used for securing same.
Tenthly. To an improved wing rod carrier, instead of the wing rod carrier
brackets encircling the shaft at one part I construct my brackets so. that one
bracket half encircles the rod on one side and another bracket half encircles it
at the other side at a short distance apart so as not to be opposite by this
means when the bearing of the brackets or the wing rod itself wears they are
adjustable.
Eleventhly. To an improved box end spring and nipple. I construct the pap of
the nipple with an enlarged end or collar, the spring has a slot and hole large
enough to clear the collar of the nipple by this means the spring can be slipped over
the collar of the pap into position and so preserves the box end.
Twelvthly. To an improved taking up lever and catch, the upper part of the
lever forms a joint or holder for the taking up catch one side of the bearing of the
holder is partly cut away so that the catch can be slipped in and out, to prevent
the catch from being thrown back a stop bridge is left in the joint or holder, the
catch is made double ended so that when one end or finger is worn it can be
reversed and the other end or finger used.
Thirteenth. To an improved heald threader used in piecening or repairing healds,
the end of my threader is turned over in the form of a bird's head having the eye
through, with this, damaged healds can be easily and quickly repaired without
injuring the adjoining ones.
Fourteenth To an improved shuttle I pivot a small disc composed of or having a
covering of plush or other adhering substance in such a position that the weft is
pushed against it and by giving the disc a turn it draws it through the passage of
the shuttle so threading it, one or more discs may be used.
Fifteenth, To an improved sley cap I construct my improved sley cap either
with a light wood cap and an angle iron attached thereto on its underside with
projecting stays at intervals to steady and retain the reed or the sly cap may be of
wood. with projecting stays as above described by these means there is more light
more room for drawing in ends and generally it is not as dangerous when the
shuttle fails to box, the reed is liberated from the aley cap and the reed case
remains suspended by the warp and the above cap does not require being
disturbed by the overlooker in case of taking out the warp.
Sixteenth. To an improved tinned or galvanized back rest to give an extra
smooth surface. I employ wrought iron tubes specially drawn or rolled smooth and
round previously to being galvanized or tinned.
Seventeenth. To an improved safety finger or stop rod to prevent the rising of
the chisel when striking the frog. I employ a finger fixed upon the stop rod so as
to move under a dead bracket or projection (in any position desirable) when the
chisel is striking the frog to prevent it rising
Eighteenth. To an improved shuttle easer. I prolong the ordinary chisel beyond
the stop rod and place a runner at its end bearing upon an inclined spring.
I attach to the stop rod and under the chisel in such a position as not to touch
the chisel till the shuttle boxes, should the shuttle fail to box the runner comes
in contact with the incline of the spring and the chisel engages with the frog.
Nineteenth. To an improved shuttle box back to dispense with swell the back
of the shuttle box is hinged at the end to the front part of the sley, the spring on
the fore part holds it in position

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Thomas Singleton in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
13th October 1883.
THOMAS SINGLETON of Darwen in the county of Lancaster Machinist
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
Sheet 1. Fig 1. is a back elevation of loom shewing my improved arrangement
for regulating the tension upon the beam. Fig. 2 is an end elevation of Fig. 1. I
pass a chain or rope A around the ruffle B of the beam C, one end is secured to a
hook D passing through a dead stop, stud, bracket or spring E, the hook is screwed
so as to be adjustable by means of a wing nut F, the other end of the rope is
attached to a pivotted weight-lever or spring G, a sliding link H, embraces the
two chains as before described, J is an improved chain holder for the pivotted
weiglit lever or spring G, constructed for varying the longth of chain, K. is the
regulating screw which is used only at the begining of the warp for regulating
the chain; a feeler can be used to the above arrangement for selfactingly
regulating the weight, if required instead of one end of each chain being secured to
the dead stop, after passing round their respective pulleys, they may each be
carried over and forwards and joined towards the centre of the loom, thus making
one endless chain, pulling against each other as if from a fast end as before described,
or coupled with a spring.
Figs 3 and 4 shew my improved wing rod, I strengthen the wing rod either in
the centre as at Fig. 3 or at two divided positions as at Fig. 4, by increasing its size
or substance and attach it to the sley by means of two clip brackets, one or two duck
bills may be used as preferred, by this means the tension or strain upon the rod, is
not transmitted to its whole length, the wing rod may be made of either wrought
iron malleable or steel as suitable.
Fig. 5. shows my improved strap fork joint, I. form a conical hole in the bush M
of the strap fork arm N, a corresponding conical plug is placed in the bush, a
washer P is put between the strap fork arm N and the bracket R, a bolt S
securing the whole or I lengthen the stud of ordinary strap fork joint, and on the
projecting part of the stud 1 place a taper bush attached by set screws, so that
when either the stud or the bush of the strap fork wears, the taper bush can be
lowered to fill up the space and prevent a shaky joint, or the strap fork may have
a conical hole in the bush, the bush being on the underside, and a corresponding
conical stud and nut or bolt cast in it to secure it to the bracket in this case
there is no tendency to bite or lock.
Fig. 6 shews my improved swell consisting of a steel spring A constructed so
that both ends are fast, either held fast by screws B, B, in holes or slots, and the
lower portion A' presents itself to the shuttle, to adjust the fulcrum I attach
screws CC, as shewn
Figs 7 and 8 shew an improved construction of brake lever and shoe bracket, or
brake block, I construct my brake lever A so as to work or pivot on a stud
bracket B and also to carry a swivelling or pivotted shoe bracket C, the stud D,
and shoe bracket, are cast in one piece, the bearings or bosses E and F, which
embrace both stud brackets are in halves like a pedestal and are held together by
a bolt, or screw G, so that no boring or turning is required for either the pivots or
bearings, the shoe being pivotted, beds or regulates itself to the surface of the
wheel by this means the putting on and taking off the brake is guaranteed, the
studs above the brackets may either be cast with a shoulder or head on, or may be
in the form of plain pins, and fingers are cast on one half of the bearing bracket,
so as to keep the brackets in position; or my improved brake lever J (see Fig. 8,)
is of the L form and is pivotted on a stud K, its L end forming a second stud L
which carries a link M sliding horizontally on a fixed bed or slide N, this link
carries the shoe P as the brake is put on, the link carrying the shoe slides forwards

page_text: horizontally on the fixed bed, the link may be made as shewn, or in two parts to
clip the shoe pivot and the stud upon the brake lever and may be held together by
a bolt and so dispense with boring.
Figs 9 and 10 shew my arrangement of pinion wheel stud for the taking up
motion, I construct my improved stud A of Kirkstall Forge Iron, and drive it into
a suitable hole in its bracket B the boss of the bracket being heated, expands, and
contracts on cooling, thus firmly secures the stud, or a pin may be passed through,
and so dispense with turning and rivetting, the tumbler C, for keeping the wheel
in position, I construct of wire looped see Fig. 10, and pivotting on two paps or
nipples pressed into a hole in the stud A, or instead of wire it may be made of
malleable iron and nipped into position, or may be of cast iron; and in two parts,
held together by a bolt or the tumbler may be of cast iron pivotted on a carrier D,
the hole in the boss of the tumbler is partly cut away and the carrier so formed
that when the tumbler is turned upwards it can be slipped off and on at will, thus
dispensing with the bolt as above described.
Fig. 11 shews an improved stud for the taking up wheel, I construct my stud A
of Kirkstall iron one uniform thickness a pin B is put in for the pinion wheel C,
to key upon and a boss D and set screw E for steadying it in position by this
means no turning or turning down and screwing is required, as well as a nut being
dispensed with.
Figs 12 and 13 shew an improved spindle stud. I construct my spindle stud in
two pieces A, B, packed between with leather C, pasteboard or suitable substance,
so that the shuttle when striking against it is not injured, or the spindle stud may
be made in two pieces without any intermediate packing, the spindle end being
carried by one piece, when worn this part only requires renewing, to dispense
with the eye bolt see Fig. 14 I construct the spindle stud with a slot, and
a loose pin to carry the spindle, an ordinary bolt can thus be used for securing
same.
Figs 15. 16 and 17 shew my improved wing rod carrier bracket, instead of the
wing rod carrier bracket encircling the shaft at one part. I construct my brackets,
so that one bracket A, half, encircles the rod B at one side, and another bracket C half
encircles it at the other side. at a short distance apart so as not to be opposite by
this means when the bearing of the brackets, or the wing rod itself wears, they are
adjustable.
Sheet 2. Figs 18 and 19 shew an improved box end spring and nipple I
construct the pap B of the nipple A with an enlarged end or collar C. the spring D
has a slot E, and hole F large enough to clear the collar C of the nipple by this
means the spring can be slipped over the collar of the pap into position, and so
preserves the box end, the pap of the nipple may either be with or without an
enlarged end on cast iron nipple.
Figs 20. 21 and 22 shew an improved taking up lever and catch, the upper part
of the lever A forms a joint, or holder C, for the taking up catch B one side of the
bearing of the holder is partly cut away at P so that the catch can be slipped in
and out. to prevent the catch from being thrown back a stop or bridge is left in the
joint or holder at E the catch is made double ended, so that when one end or
finger is worn, it can be reversed and the other end or finger used; the catch in
the modified form works outside forming the joint or holder for the lever.
Fig 23 shews an improved heald threader used in pieceing or repairing healds,
the end of my threader is turned over in the form of a birds head A. having the
eye through, with this, damaged healds can be easily and quickly repaired, without
injuring the adjoining ones.
Fig. 24 shews an improved shuttle box threader in the side or on the top of the
shuttle I pivot a small disc A composed of or having a covering of plush or other
adhering substance in such a position that the weft is pushed against it and by
giving the disc a turn, it draws it through the passage of the shuttle so threading
it one or more discs may be used.
Figs 25. 26 and 27 show an improved sley cap, I construct my improved sley

page_text: cap either with a light wood cap A and an angle iron B, attached thereto on its
underside with projecting stays C, at intervals to steady and retain the reed, or the
sley cap may be of wood with projecting stays as above described, by these means
there is more light more room for drawing in ends and generally is not as dangerous
when the shuttle fails to box, the reed is either liberated from the sley cap, and
the reed remains swivelling in the support see Fig 25, or remains suspended by the
warp and the above cap does not require being disturbed by the overlooker, in
case of taking out the warp.
Fig. 28 shews an improved shuttle easer, I prolong the ordinary chisel A and
place a runner B at its end bearing upon an inclined spring C, should the shuttle
fail to box the runner comes in contact with the incline of the spring and the
chisel engages with the frog.
Fig. 29 shews an improved shuttle box back to dispense with swell the back of
the shuttle box is hinged at A at the end to the front part of the sley, the spring B
on the fore part holds it in position.
Having thus fully described the nature and particulars of this my said invention
and the manner in which the same is to be performed or carried into practical
effect, I would have it understood that what I claim as the invention to be secured
to me by the hereinbefore in part recited Letters Patent is.-
1 The improved arrangement for regulating the tension on the warp beam as
shewn, illustrated and described at Figs 1 and 2
2 The improved wing rod as shewn illustrated and described at Figs 3 and 4
3 The improved strap fork joint as shewn and described Fig. 5.
4 The improved swell as shewn and described at Fig. 6.
5. The improved construction of brake as shewn and described at Figs 7 and 8
6 The improved arrangement of pinion wheel stud for taking up motion as shewn
and described at Figs 9 and 10
7 The improved stud for taking up wheel as shewn and described at Fig. 11.
8 The improved arrangement of spindle stud as shewn and described at Figs 12,
13, and 14.
9 The improved arrangement of wing rod carrier brackets as shewn and described
at Figs 15. 16 and 17.
10 The improved spring box end as shewn and described at Figs 18 and 19.
11 The combination of the taking up lever A, and catch B, and stop E, as shewn
illustrated and described at Figs 20. 21 and 22
12 The improved heald threader as shewn and described at Fig. 23
13. The improved shuttle threader as shewn and described at Fig 24.
14 The improved construction of sley cap, as shewn and described at Figs 25. 26
and 27.
15 The improved shuttle easer as shewn and described at Fig. 28.
16 The improved construction of shuttle box back as shewn and described at
Fig. 29.
In witness whereof I the said Thomas Singleton have hereunto set my hand
and seal this ninth day of October in the year of our Lord one thousand eight
hundred and eighty three.
BRAXAN CTTAT MON
THOMAS CTTAT WON
Witnesses
ROBERT THOMPSON SINGLTON
JOHN E. WALSH.
Patent Agent and Consulting Engineer
Crossley Street
Halifax