Improvements in the Treatment or Manufacture of Fodder for Horses.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 11th May, 1897-Accepted, 30th Oct., 1897
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Treatment or Manufacture of Fodder for
Horses.
We, EMIL POTT of Schellingstrasse, Munich, and GUSTAV KRAKER of 15 Lersner-
strasse, Frankfort-on-the-Main, both in the Empire of Germany, Professor and
Engineer respectively, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement: -
This invention has for its object a process for making a universal fodder in
the form of loaves for horses. This bread fodder consists of the seeds of various
plants, husks of maize and other seeds, bulky vegetable substances, such for
instance as maize cob cores (the cobs of maize deprived of the grain) and spices
and appetising substances, such for instance as liquorice, common salt and the
like.
The composition is a varying one. It is determined not merely by the feeding
requirements of the horses but also by the special constitution of the separate
constituents of the composition as affected by climate, soil, manuring, weather
and the like.
As an example of the seeds of various plants which may be utilised, the following
may be stated:.
Rough ground maize cobs, pulverized carob beans, malt germs, soy beans, linseed
cake (from oil manufacture) and so forth.
As an example of the spices and appetising substances, the following may be
stated:-
Ethereal oils and alkaloid containing substances such as liquorice powder,
powdered ginger, the powder from curcuma longa (turmeric) the powder of the
seeds of the Poenum graecum and so on.
A bread fodder formed from such a mixture has however always for its object
to afford a complete substitute for the grains, hay straw-chop or like fodder
hitherto employed, which is too expensive and too uneven in its constitution.
The vegetable substances employed are first dried in any suitable manner and
then shredded. The further process depends on the required firmness or solidity
or other special constitution of the finished loaves, that is to say, whether the same
are to be compressed with or without a binding material and certain substances
which improve the taste and assist digestion. The further manufacture of the
universal bread fodder may accordingly be effected in various ways. For instance,
the disintegrated dried constituents may first be mixed with a binding material
and the mixture (without the spices and appetising substances) be then roasted
for the purpose of sterilisation and partial conversion into dextrin, in order
finally to be pressed into loaves or other suitable form by a hot process after the
spices and appetising substances have been added. Or separate parts of the
whole mixture (without the spice and appetising substances) may be first im-
pregnated with a dilute solution of caustic soda or other alkaline salt having a
similar action, whereby not only is an increased adhesiveness obtained but the

page_text: nitrogenous compounds of the fodder, which are hard to digest are rendered
available. If for instance before or after the roasting, the above mentioned
solution be allowed to saturate maize cobs or like vegetable substances, previously
steamed 'under pressure during or after the steaming, loaves of very 'solid constitu-
tion are obtained and of the highest ligestibility. Here also the spice and
appetising substances are only added immediately before the pressing and the
latter takes place also at an increased temperature.
The disintegrated constituents of parts br of the whole of the mixture may
also first be impregnated and saturated with hot saccharine and saline solutions,
and if desired under pressure, whereby not only is the adhesiveness increased,
but also the digestibility of all the nutritive substances assisted. The roasting,
the admixture of the spices and appetisers, and also the pressing of the loaves
takes place as in the other two modes of carrying out the process.
In carrying out the invention the following substances and ingredients, pre-
ferably in the hereafter mentioned proportions which may be altered accordingly,
are preferred, say about:
25-35 lbs corn cobs with the grain.
30-40 lbs corn cobs without the grain (empty) or sugar cane
gramineal stuff.
4-9 lbs malt germs.
4-9 lbs locust beans or locust meal.
4-9 lbs molasses, treacle or other sugary stuff.
or other
7-12 lbs oilcakes, either of hemp oil, cottonseed oil, poppy oil or sunflower
oil.
611 lbs pollard or bran.
lbs liquorice.
lbs herba meliloti or trigonella.
Ibs chalk and salt.
The vegetable substances are chopped or bruised and well mixed, then roasted
for the purpose of sterilizing and dextrinating them, and the condiments are
then added and the whole compressed in a hot and dry state by a very high
pressure up to 700 atmospheres in the shape of cakes or any other suitable form,
whereby any kind of baking is avoided because, as is well known, the process of
baking destroys a considerable part of the albumen in the food."
To give the cakes an extraordinary consistency for the use of campaigns and
such like, the mixture or composition at a more or less high temperature may be
impregnated with an alkaline solution in very weak quantities and then dried
and pressed in a hot state as before.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:-
1. A process for the treatment or manufacture of fodder for horses, characterised
by various plant seeds, see husks; maize cob cores (maize cobs with the grains
removed) as well as other vegetable substances in a disintegrated condition being
roasted for the purpose of sterilising the same and converting them into dextrin,
and then mixed with spices and appetising substances, and finally pressed by
hot, pressure into the form of loaves adapted to replace the whole of the fodder
hitherto employed for horses, substantially as described.
2. In the herein described process for the treatment or manufacture of fodder
for horses, the use of dilute alkaline solutions (of caustic soda or other saline
solutions having a like action) before or after the roasting of the disintegrated
mixture at a high or ordinary temperature, with the object of rendering avail-
able the nitrogenous substances which are difficult of digestion and simultaneously
obtaining a high adhesiveness of the mixture, substantially as described.
3. In the herein described process for the treatment or manufacture of fodder
for horses, the use of saccharine and saline solutions to impregnate the mixture

page_text: before or after the roasting with the object of rendering available the nutritive
substances and increasing the adhesiveness of the mixture, substantially as
described.
4. An improved fodder for herres prepared substantially as hereinbefore set
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicants.