NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOLTS, NUTS, AND SCREWS
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Enoch Horton, of Darlaston, in the County of
Stafford, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY
TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOLTS, NUTS, AND SCREWS."
Sealed the 22nd February 1861, and dated the 8th September 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Enoch Horton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
September 1860.
I, ENOCH HORTON, of Darlaston, in the County of Stafford, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "NEW OR IMPROVED
MACHINERY TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOLTS, NUTS, AND SCREWS," to be
as follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, of machinery for turning the heads of bolts
and screws, which machinery is constructed as follows:-A hollow axis sup-
ported in uprights similar to an ordinary lathe head, is driven by toothed
gearing from a parallel axis having fast and loose pullies. The said hollow axis
is capable of a sliding motion in its bearings to enable the machine to act on
bolts or screws having heads of different thicknesses. The bolt or screw to be
operated upon is inserted in the end of the hollow axis, the square part of the
bolt or screw fitting in the square hole at the end of the axis. Near the end
of the hollow axis six cutters are situated, three on each side of the machine.
One of these cutters turns the top of the head of the bolt or screw, and another
turns the under side of the head. The other four cutters turn the edge of the
head, two of the last-named cutters being on one side and two on the other.
The cutters are fixed to levers which, are acted on by a lever worked by hand,
and the cutters are thereby made to close upon the head of the screw or bolt

page_text: or open so as to permit the turned bolt or screw to be pushed from the hollow
axis. The removal of the bolt or screw is effected by a rod which passes
down the hollow axis, and is acted upon by a lever. The said rod is capable
of adjustment in the hollow axis to suit bolts or screws of different lengths.
The sliding motion of the hollow axis to bring heads of bolts or screws of
different thicknesses under the operation of the cutters is effected by means of
a lever acted upon by a treadle. This machine may be employed to turn the
circular and flat parts of nuts for screws.
My Invention consists, secondly, of machinery for pointing bolts and screws,
constructed as follows:-An axis mounted as a lathe head, and carrying fixed.
and loose pullies, carries a chuck, into which the head of the bolt or screw to
be pointed is inserted. By means of a lever the said axis may be made to
slide in its bearings, so as to liberate the bolt or screw after it has been
pointed, and at the same time remove the driving band from the fast to the
loose pulley. In front of the axis carrying the bolt or screw is a fixed upright,
through a hole in which the end of the bolt or screw is passed. Opposite the
hole in the said upright two cutters are fixed, one on each side; and as the end
of the screw is brought through the hole in the upright by means of a lever,
its end is pressed against the said cutters, and by the rotatory motion given to
it, it is cut or pointed by the said cutters.
My Invention is particularly applicable to the manufacture of bolts, nuts,
and screws for railway carriages and coaches, but may also be applied to the
manufacture of bolts, nuts, and screws for other purposes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Enoch Horton in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
5th March 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ENOCH
HORTON, of Darlaston, in the County of Stafford, Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Enoch Horton, Her special licence that I, the said Enoch Horton,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Enoch Horton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during

page_text: the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "NEW OR IMPROVED
MACHINERY TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOLTS, NUTS, AND SCREWS," upon
'the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Enoch Horton, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Enoch Horton, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following.
statement thereof, that is to say:-
My Invention consists, firstly, of the machinery for turning the heads of
bolts and screws, constructed in the manner herein-after described and illus-
trated in Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the accompanying Drawing.
The
Figure 1 represents the said machinery in plan; Figure 2 is a front elevation
of the same; and Figure 3 is a back elevation of a portion of the same.
same letters and figures of reference indicate the same parts in Figures 1, 2,
and 3. A hollow axis a, supported in uprights or bearings in the same
manner as the axis of an ordinary lathe, is driven by a band on the fixed
pulley on the said axis a; c is a loose pulley on the said axis. The said
hollow axis a has, in addition to its rotatory motion, a sliding motion in its
bearings, as herein-after explained. d is a chuck or holder for holding the
blank bolt or screw to be operated upon; the said bolt or screw fitting in a
square hole in the chuck d. Chucks of different sizes may be fixed on the
axis a by means of the set screws e. The turning of the head of the bolt or
screw is effected by a series of cutters f, g, h, and i, best seen in Figure 2. The
cutters fand 9 cut or turn the edge of the head of the bolt or screw, and the
cutter h turns the top or face of the said head. The cutter i turns the under
side of the head; k, l, are guides or supports which support the head while it
l
are on one side of the head, and
and guide k are on the other side
The cutters and guides are made
is being turned. The cutters f, h, and guide
are fixed in the lever m. The cutters g, i,
of the head, and are fixed in the lever n.
to close upon the head of the bolt or screw in the following manner :-The
levers m, n, turn upon joints at m³, n³, in the framing o; levers p, q, turn upon
joints p, q, in the uprights p³, q³. The levers p, q, are connected in the

page_text: following manner :-A lever r is jointed to the lower end of the lever P, and
also to the link. The lever r is bent in the manner represented, and carries
at its upper end a roller s, which said roller s bears upon the cam t. When
the parts are in the positions represented in Figure 2, the cutters are pressed
upon the head of the bolt or screw by the upper ends of the levers p, q, acting
on the levers m, n; but when the part 2 of the cam t comes under the rollers,
the spring u pulls down the lever r, and the lower end of the said lever r and
the link, as well as the levers p, q, assume the position indicated by dotted
lines in Figure 2, and the cutters are no longer pressed against the head of the
bolt or screw. The cam t is situated on the shaft or axis v, which takes
motion from the principal axis a by means of the train of wheels w, x, y, and z,
best seen in Figure 3. The axis a makes about twenty-seven revolutions to
one revolution of the axis v. The sliding motion of the axis a, which has for its
object the advance of the head of the bolt or screw against the cutters, is thus
effected:On the shaft is a cam 2, which acts on the lever 3, the forked end
of which lever 3 engages between the flanges of the pulley 4. As the turning
of the head proceeds, the said head is made to advance by the action of
the parts last described. The removal of the bolt or screw from the chuck
or holder d, after its head has been turned, is effected by a rod 5 which
passes down the hollow axis a. The said rod is jointed to the lever 6, which
said lever is acted upon by the cam 7 on the shaft v and by the coiled spring 8.
The lever 6 is jointed to the support 10, on different parts of which it may be
fixed to suit bolts or screws of different lengths. The band may be thrown off
the fast pulley b on to the loose pulley c by means of a fork 11, the bar 12
carrying the said fork sliding in supports 13, 13. The said fork may either be
worked by hand or be made self-acting by means of the cam 14 on the shaft v
and the coiled spring 15. The machine Figures 1, 2, and 3 may be employed
to turn the circular and flat parts of nuts for screws by employing in place of
the chuck or holder d a chuck or holder in which the nuts to be turned
will fit.
My Invention consists, secondly, of the machinery for pointing bolts and
screws, represented in Figures 4 and 5 of the accompanying Drawing,
Figure 4 representing the said machine in plan, and Figure 5 representing
the same in side elevation. The same figures of reference indicate the same
parts in Figures 4 and 5. An axis 15 mounted as a lathe head, and having
fixed and loose pullies 16, 17, carries a chuck 18, into which the head of the
bolt or screw to be pointed is inserted. By means of a lever 19, which engages
between the flanges of the pulley 20, a sliding motion may be given to the
axis 15. By the sliding motion of the axis 15 the bolt 21 may be withdrawn

page_text: from the pointing tools after it has been pointed, and the driving band at the
same time be thrown from the fast pulley 16 to the loose pulley 17. The
motion of the band is effected by the fork 22 jointed to the lever 19 in the
manner represented on the Drawing. In front of the axis 15 is an upright 23,
through a hole in which the end of the bolt or screw is passed. Opposite the
hole in the upright 23 two cutters 24, 25, are fixed, one on each side. The
end of the bolt or screw to be pointed is brought through the said hole and
pressed against the cutters 24, 25, by means of the lever 19. The rotatory
motion communicated to the bolt or screw by the axis 15 causes it to be
turned by the cutters 24, 25.
The machine herein first described is particularly applicable to the turning
of the heads of bolts and screws, and for the turning of nuts for screws for
railway carriages and coaches, but may also be applied to the turning of bolts,
nuts, and screws for other purposes; and the machine herein last described
is especially applicable to the pointing of coach bolts and screws, but is also
applicable to the pointing of bolts and screws for other purposes.
Having now described the nature of my Invention and the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit
myself to the precise details herein described and represented, as the same
may be varied without departing from the nature of my Invention; but I
claim as my Invention,―
Firstly, new or improved machinery for turning the heads of bolts and
screws, and the circular and flat parts of nuts for screws constructed essentially
in the manner herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 1, 2, and 3 of
the accompanying Drawing.
Secondly, new or improved machinery for pointing bolts and screws con-
structed essentially in the manner herein-before described and illustrated in
Figures 4 and 5 of the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Enoch Horton, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Second day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
Witness,
GEORGE SHAW.
ENOCH HORTON. (L.S.)