IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER BY 144 HEAT DIFFUSED IN THE AIR UK ANY OTHER FLUID UK LIQUID BODY." PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ernest Baudot and Edward Roettger, both of
No. 19, Place Philippe de Girard, Lille, in the Republic of France,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER BY
144
HEAT DIFFUSED IN THE AIR UK ANY OTHER FLUID UK LIQUID BODY."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ernest Baudot and
.
Edward Roettger at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 25th September 1871.
We, ERNEST BAUDOT, and EDWARD ROETTGER, both of No. 19, Place
5 Philippe, de Girard, Lille, in the Republic of France, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE'
POWER BY THE HEAT DIFFUSED IN THE AIR OR ANY OTHER FLUID OR LIQUID
BODY," to be as follows:-
;)
The apparatus to obtain the above" purpose is composed of two
O systems, each of which can be combined in numerous manners; the first
being the real motive power, transforming into motive power the heat

page_text: SECOND PART.-HEAT PRODUCING Apparatus.
We introduce into an air-tight boiler or reservoir a liquid to be
evaporated. This liquid is surrounding a copper coil, through which
passes a current of water, air, or any other matter at its natural
temperature. This boiler is in communication by any convenient
distributing apparatus with a cylinder, the sidings of which are main-
tained at the surrounding temperature. In this cylinder or pump is
enclosed a piston. When this piston moves the so produced volume
is in communication by means of the sliding valve distribution with
the boiler. The liquid contained therein produces steam to fill up the
volume, and for this purpose it takes the heat from the current in the
copper coil, which is required for changing its state of aggregation.
This vapour being at a pressure corresponding to the temperature of
the current in the copper coil acts against the piston. When the piston
is at the end of its stroke the distributing apparatus allows the so
produced steam to pass at constant volume in a similar cylinder. In
this second cylinder, which is maintained at the temperature of com-
pression, the steam is compressed to the temperature and pressure of
the gas in the first system before its isothermique expansion commences.
If the steam is such as to get superheated by compression the steam is
allowed to draw mechanically a quantity of liquid, which is evaporated
by the superheating, or there might even a small quantity of liquid be
injected during the compression.
The compressed steam on arriving in the cylinder B of the first
system at the beginning of the isothermique expansion will make over
to the gas in condensing itself; its latent heat and the diabatique
expansion which follows reduces both condensed steam and gas to their
initial temperature.
'
A pump will draw out the cooled liquid and will force it back to the
boiler to be evaporated over again, or the liquid might be simply drawn
in by the boiler, in which there exists a partial vacuum.
If the annexed Drawing is to serve for the explanation of the above
there should be a copper coil in the boiler G, and there should be a
second cylinder similar to C. The cylinder C would aspire the produced
steam from G, and will force it into the second similar cylinder, where
it will be compressed, from there it will pass over to B (first system or
cyclus). The pump F forces water into the cylinder A at its natural

page_text: temperature to take away heat during the isothermique compression.
There will be another feeding pump will draw out from the pump B the
cooled liquid to force it back into the boiler G.
The Second System Applied to a Dissolution of Ammonia in Water.―
An engine working by ammonia disengaging itself. from the dissolving
water will have the shape of a common steam engine. The water
containing the ammonia is introduced into a tubular boiler heated by
the vapour of the second system. The ammoniacal gas will disengage
itself and produce motive power. Its adiabatique expansion will bring
it down to the surrounding temperature. The water having lost its
ammonia will be introduced in the first system, where its heat is
transformed into motive power, and it will be cooled down there and
be able to reabsorb the ammonia gas. It produces so a nearly absolute
vacuum behind the piston. The great facility of water to absorb
ammonia is so great that the cyclus of the gas might be considered as
incomplete and the back pressure against the piston as nul. In this
case the heat producing cyclus might be simplified, and can have the
following form:—
.
The Second System to Produce Heat by any Gas or Elastic Fluid.-
The gas is first compressed according to the adiabatique line in a
cylinder; its temperature will rise, it will be subjected to an isother-
mique compression. From its final compression it is allowed to expand.
in another pump until it reaches the surrounding temperature. After
this it is allowed to expand according to the isothermique law by
maintaining its heat by any body having the surrounding temperature.
The heat so taken from the gas is employed in the ammonia machine
by introducing water heated to the temperature of the boiler of this
machine, which being heated returns to the boiler.
The new features of this Invention are,-
1st. Production of heat by evaporating liquids in vacuo by surrounding
temperature.
2nd. Production of heat by taking heat from compressed gases and
replacing it by the heat of a body at the surrounding temperature.
I
3rd. The combination of the two systems of producing heat and
transforming it into motive power.
4th. The machine for gas of ammonia in its combination with the

page_text: 5th. Utilization of any difference between two natural media.
6th. The use of steam as a means of transmitting heat and employ-
ment of its latent heat.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Ernest Baudot and Edward Roettger in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 22nd March 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ERNEST
BAUDOT and EDWARD ROETTGER, both of No. 19, Place. Philippe de
Girard, Lille, in the Republic of France, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the
thirty-fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Ernest Baudot and Edward Roettger,
Her special licence that we, the said Ernest Baudot and, Edward
Roettger, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
we, the said Ernest Baudot and Edward Roettger, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING
MOTIVE POWER BY THE HEAT DIFFUSED IN THE AIR OR ANY OTHER FLUID OR
LIQUID BODY," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
Ernest Baudot and Edward Roettger, our executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under our or their hands and seals, or
under the hand and seal of one of us or them, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Ernest Baudot, on behalf of myself
and the said Edward Roettger, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be

page_text: particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, that is to say :-
The apparatus to effect the above purpose is composed of two systems,
each of which can be combined in numerous manners; the first
being the real motive power transforming into motive power the heat
which is transmitted to it; the second is the apparatus which produces
the heat.
In each of the two systems of apparatus a gas or a vapour, or a
mixture of a gas and a liquid, is exposed to a succession of compressions
and expansions which is executed in an unlimited number of pumps
or cylinders, which all work upon the same beam of an engine or upon
coupled beams of the same engine. The fluid or liquid passes from one
pump to the other by means of suitable distributions.
To render more intelligible the following explanations we must say
that we call (as Ranleine, Thomson, and Toule have done before us).
isothermic compression or expansion the alteration of the volume of
a gas at constant temperature, adiabatic compression or expansion the
alteration of volume of a gas without adding or abstracting any part of
the gas or vapours, diabatic compression or expansion of a gas or
vapour being subject to the influence of a varying source of heat.
r
According to this Invention we use a cylinder or pump, in which two
compressions are effected, and a pump in which two expansions are
effected, also an injection pump. These three pumps form the first.
system or cycle of motive power. A compression pump and a boiler
are also used.
FIRST PART-BEING A CYCLE PERFORMED BY ANY GAS.

page_text: SECOND PART.-HEAT PRODUCING APPARATUS.
+
We introduce into an air-tight boiler or reservoir a liquid to be
evaporated. This liquid surround's a coiled copper pipe through which
passes a current of water, air, or any other matter at its natural tempera-
ture. This boiler is in communication by any convenient distributing
apparatus with a cylinder, the sidings of which are maintained
at the surrounding temperature. In this cylinder or pump is
enclosed a piston. When this piston moves the so produced: volume
is in communication by means of the sliding valve distribution
with the boiler. The liquid contained therein produces steam to
fill up the volume, and for this purpose it takes the heat from
the current in the copper coil which is required for changing its state of
aggregation. This vapour being at a pressure corresponding to the
temperature of the current in the copper coil acts against the piston.
When the piston is at the end of its stroke the distributing apparatus
allows the so produced steam to pass at constant volume in a similar
cylinder. In this second cylinder, which is maintained at the
temperature of compression, the steam is compressed to the temperature
and pressure of the gas in the first system before its isothermic expansion
commences. If the steam is such as to get superheated by compression,
the steam is allowed to draw mechanically a quantity of liquid which is
evaporated by the superheating, or there might even be a small quantity
of liquid injected during the compression. The compressed steam on
arriving in the compressing cylinder of the first system herein-before
described at the beginning of the isothermic expansion, will make over
to the gas in condensing itself its latent heat, and the diabatic expansion
which follows reduces both condensed steam and gas to their initial
A pump will draw out the cooled liquid and will force it back to
30 the boiler to be evaporated over again, or the liquid might be simply.
drawn in by the boiler, in which there exists a partial vacuum.
The Second System Applied to a Dissolution of Ammonia in Water.-
An engine working by ammonia disengaging itself from the dissolving
water will have the shape of a common steam engine. The water
35 containing the ammonia is introduced into a tubular boiler heated by the
vapour of the second system; the ammoniacal gas will disengage itself

page_text: and produce motive power. . Its adiabatic expansion will bring it down
to the surrounding temperature. The water having lost its ammonia
will be introduced in the first system where its heat is transformed into
motive power, and it will be cooled down there and be able to reabsorb
the ammonia gas. It so produces a nearly absolute vacuum behind the
piston. The facility of water to absorb ammonia is so great that the
cycle of the gas might be considered as incomplete, and the back
pressure against the piston as null.
In this case the heat producing cycle might be simplified, and can
have the following form:―
The Second System to Produce Heat by any Gas or Elastic Fluid.-The
gas is first compressed according to the adiabatic line in a cylinder, its
temperature will rise; it will be subjected to an isothermic compression.
From its final compression it is allowed to expand in another pump
until it reaches the surrounding temperature. After this it is allowed
to expand according to the isothermic law by maintaining its heat by
any body having the surrounding temperature. The heat so taken from
the gas is employed in the ammonia machine by introducing water
heated to the temperature of the boiler of this machine, which being
heated return to the boiler.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a thermic engine constructed
according to our Invention. Figure 2 is an end view of the same, and
Figure 3 is a plan view of the same. Figures 4, 5, and 6 are separate
views of some of the parts herein-after described. The same letters of
reference indicate like parts in Figures 1, 2, and 3.
A', A³, are two single-acting vertical cylinders in which work the
pistons a, a¹, which pistons are connected respectively by suitable
connecting rods a³, a³, to the crank pins a*, a³, of the cranks c, c¹, which
cranks are affixed to the shaft c³, which revolves in. suitable bearings
carried by the frame d, d. B', B2, are two single-acting cylinders
inclined at an angle of 45 degrees. The said cylinders are provided
with pistons b, b', respectively, which pistons are connected by con-
necting rods 62, 63, to the crank pins a³, at, of the crank c¹, c, which
cranks are fixed on the shaft c³, at an angle of 180 degrees one to the
other. Thus the connecting rods of the cylinders B¹ and A² are upon the
same crank pin a³, and those of the cylinders B³, A³, are connected to the
same crank pin a*. e is a fly wheel or driving pulley upon the shaft c₂,
at about the middle of its length, and on each side of the said fly wheel
are the excentrics which give motion to the valves and the injection
pumps. The peculiar form and arrangement shown in the Drawing may
be varied without changing any of the properties of the engine. The
cylinders A², A², take the circumambient air and compress it isothermically.
To effect this the pumps inject into the said cylinders, through a
perforated plate at the bottom of each cylinder, finely divided jets of
water or spray of the temperature of the circumambient air. The
compressed air in the cylinders A¹, A³, passes then into a tank where it
is liberated from the water which has become mixed with it, and it then
passes into a closed furnace S where it produces the combustion of the
fuel, and from whence it passes into a receiver R, containing either
fragments of cast iron or a mass of perforated cast iron. The gases
from the furnace S traverse this cast iron, imparting heat thereto
and abandoning any cinders or ashes which they may have drawn from
the fire. The said gases then pass into the cylinder B³, where they
expand to a certain extent. From the cylinder B¹ they pass into the
cylinder B, where they are made to expand further till their pressure is
equal to that of the atmosphere. The pressure of the gases is so adjusted
that on leaving the cylinder B³ they have as low a temperature as

page_text: possible, and if necessary part of the air compressed in the cylinders
A1, A2, may be allowed to pass directly into the cylinder B¹ without
passing through the furnace S. The channel through which the air
thus passes is provided with a valve, to which motion is given by the
governor of the machine. The cylinder B', in which the temperature of
the gases is highest, is provided with a piston or plunger b, such as is
used in hot air engines.
For the distributing arrangement either slide valves or ordinary
lifting valves may be used. In the Drawing lifting valves are used.
The valve 1 regulates the introduction of the gases into the cylinder B
The valve 2 regulates their passage from the cylinder B' to the cylinder
B, and the valve 3 regulates their outlet from the cylinder B². The
valves 2 and 3. are open during about half a revolution, whilst the
valve 1 is only open during a portion of a revolution, and the length of
time it is open regulates the maximum pressure of the gases and also
the degree of expansion in the cylinder B¹. All these valves may, if
preferred, be actuated by cams, or motion may be given to the valves
as follows:
For giving motion to the valves 2 and 3, the belt of the excentric, as
shown at Figure 4, has jointed to it a lever R, L, which lever can move
round the fixed point L. The said lever R, L, has an oscillating motion
and each point of the arm M. describes a curve, having about the shape
of a half moon X, a, b, c. By giving proper dimensions the part X, c, b,
of one of these curves may be made to coincide with an are of a circle.
The slide of the valve is fixed to a connecting rod, the centre of which
connecting rod is the centre of the said are, and its length is equal to
the radius of the said arc. The valve will then remain upon its scat
whilst the point X is describing the curve X, c, b, and the said valve
will rise from and fall on to its seat, without shocks, whilst the point X
describes the curve X, a, b.
For giving motion to the valve 1 the arrangement of parts shown at
Figure 5 may be adopted. B, E, and A, D, are two levers capable of
oscillating round the fixed points B, A. The ends of the said levers are
connected together by a curved lever D, E, G. According to the
dimensions given to the different parts the point G may be made to
describe various curves, amongst which curves are certain retrogression
curves, wherein one part of the said curves coincides to a certain extent
with an arc of a circle a, b, and the other part a, c, which at first is

page_text: tangential to the former, soon strikes out in the direction of the radius
of the said arc. The oscillation of the said levers is governed by an
excentric, the rod M of which excentric is jointed at c.
If the pin c
of the said joint be made to connect thereto a slide c³ fixed to the lever'
A, D, by a screw, a variable expansion will be obtained according to
the position given to the said slide in its guide, and the said variable
expansion may attain two-thirds of the entire stroke. Or the valves
may be actuated directly by the excentric arms, as shown at Figure 6,
by forming on the ends of the said arms slides in which the pins of the
sliding bars may be made to slide. Each of the cylinders A¹, A2, is
provided with two valves, one for the admission of the air and the
other for for the outlet of the compressed air. The said valves are
self-acting.
A valve or stop-cock m, Figure 3, enables the engine driver to cut off
the communication between the furnace and the receiver R when it is
required to charge the grate with fuel or to clean it. The engine driver
. closes the said valve or cock and lets the compressed air escape slowly
from the furnace and opens the door. During this operation a small
pump is made to inject water into the receiver R. The cast iron
contained in the said receiver causes the said water to evaporate, and
the steam thus formed is made to drive the engine. When the grate is
charged the engine driver opens the cock or valve m again and restores
the communication between the furnace S and the receiver R.
Instead of injecting water on the mass of cast iron in the receiver R
whilst the grate is being charged, the compressed air which is usually
let into the furnace may be made to pass into the said mass of cast iron;
through a pipe or channel provided with a suitable valve. By opening
the said valve and closing the passage to the furnace, the engine may be
made to work by the action of the heat stored up in the mass of cast
iron. The governor continues to regulate the quantity of cold air
supplied to the cylinder B', so that the regular action of the engine is
ensured whilst the grate is being charged with fuel. Finally during the
whole time that the engine is at work a small boiler upon the receiver
R generates a quantity of steam which is conducted to the annular
space between the cylinder B' and its piston so as to prevent griping
and improve the joint.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention and means
employed by us in carrying the same into effect, we would have it

page_text: understood that we do not confine ourselves to the precise details herein-
before described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawing, as the
same may be varied without departing from the nature of our said
Invention.
But we claim,—
Firstly. The isothermic compression of the air by means of injected
water previous to the introduction of the air into the furnace.
Secondly. The mechanical arrangements by which we insure the
proper working of the machine whilst fuel is being charged into the
furnace, and the facility of charging the same.
Thirdly. The injection of steam into the annular space between the
expansion cylinder and its piston.
Fourthly. The mechanism for producing the reciprocating motion
illustrated by Figures 4 and 5 of the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Ernest Baudot, have hereunto set 1
my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of March in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
ERNEST BAUDOT. (L.s.)