IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF AND KILNS FOR BURNING LIME, BRICKS, TILES, AND OTHER ARTICLES, AND FOR THE CALCINATION OF MINERALS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Young Darracott Scott, of Ealing, in
the County of Middlesex, Major-General, C.B., for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF AND KILNS FOR BURNING LIME,
BRICKS, TILES, AND OTHER ARTICLES, AND FOR THE CALCINATION OF
MINERALS."
Scaled the 24th April 1874, and dated the 28th October 1873.
.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Young Darracott
Scott at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 28th October 1873.
I, HENRY YOUNG DARRACOTT SCOTT, of Ealing, in the County of
Middlesex, Major-General, C.B., do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF AND KILNS FOR BURNING
LIME, BRICKS, TILES, AND OTHER ARTICLES, AND FOR THE CALCINATION OF MINERALS,"
to be as follows:
The object of this Invention is the economy of fuel in lime and brick
burning, and other analogous processes, and in the roasting of ores, such
as iron ores. This object is accomplished by combining the principle of
the ordinary running lime kilns or ordinary brick clamp (in which the

page_text: mineral and fuel are interstratified) with the flare principle of burning,
the flare being produced by the gaseous fuel of coal, and the coke which
results after the gases are expelled from the coal being employed for the
layers of fuel, which are mixed with the mineral or article to be operated
upon.
In carrying out my Invention I introduce into the heart of the kiln a
coking oven or retort so arranged that it is surrounded or nearly so by
the calcining chamber for the mineral to be operated upon.
The retort is fed and emptied at intervals through an opening in the
side of the kiln communicating with the retort. The coke withdrawn
from the retort is interstratified with the mineral to be calcined in the
calcining chamber, and the heat produced in its combustion cokes the
coal in the said retort. The gases expelled from the coal find their way
into the calcining chamber by means of openings in the circumference
or sides of the retort when they encounter streamlets of air introduced
through orifices both above and below the retort communicating with
the outer air.
By the above means I am enabled to consume the whole of the
gascous fuel of the coal in the calcining chamber in lieu of its being
expelled before the heat is sufficient for its ignition, as takes place in
kilns of ordinary construction in which flaming coal is used.
In some cases in lieu of employing one central retort I employ three
or more smaller retorts on the circumference of the kiln, which are fed
and drawn through openings in the casing of the calcining chamber.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent 2
filed by the said Henry Young Darracott Scott in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 28th April 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
YOUNG DARRACOTT SCOTT, of Ealing, in the County; of Middlesex,
Major-General, C.B., send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
.
3

page_text: seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Henry Young. Darracott Scott,
Her special licence that I, the said Henry Young Darracott Scott,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Henry Young Darracott Scott, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF AND
KILNS FOR BURNING LIME, BRICK, TILES, AND OTHER ARTICLES, AND FOR THE
CALCINATION OF MINERALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Henry Young Darracott Scott, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Young Darracott Scott,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawing
hereunto annexed and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is
to say) :—
The object of this Invention is the economy of fuel in lime and brick
burning, and other analogous processes, and in the roasting of ores, such
as iron ores. This object is accomplished by combining the principle of
the ordinary running lime kilns or ordinary brick clamp (in which the
mineral and fuel are interstratified) with the flare principle of burning,
the flare being produced by the gaseous fuel of coal, and the coke which
results after the gases are expelled from the coal being employed for the
layers of fuel, which are mixed with the mineral or article to be operated
upon.
In carrying out my Invention I introduce into the heart of the kiln
a coking oven or retort, from which combustible gases will be discharged
into and caused to heat the contents of the calcining chamber, which is
intended to receive the mineral or other material to be operated upon.

page_text: In the accompanying Drawing Fig. 1 represents in partial sectional
elevation, and Fig. 2 in sectional plan taken in the line 1, 2, of Fig. 1, a
kiln for calcining minerals constructed and fitted according to my
Invention.
.
A, A, are the walls of an ordinary running. lime kiln, and B is the
conical calcining chamber. In the centre and near the bottom of this
chamber is built a çoking oven or retort C, to which access is obtained
through an opening C¹ in the side of the kiln, which opening is closed
by a luted door. This retort is pierced radially with holes for the dis-
charge into the calcining chamber of the inflammable gases, which are
distilled from the coal supplied to the retort from time to time. Within
the walls of the kiln air pipes D are arranged for throwing concentrated
jets of air into the calcining chamber, and thereby supplying oxygen for
the complete combustion of the gaseous fuel discharged from the retort,
and for maintaining the ignition of the interstitial layers of coke con-
tained in the charge of the kiln. I may rely upon the indraught of air
for this purpose, or may force compressed air into the calcining chamber.
The heat for starting the kiln will be generated in the usual way, and
when once the contents of the calcining chamber are well heated the
coking of the coal supplied from time to time to the oven C, and the
distillation and discharge of combustible gases therefrom into the cal-
cining chamber will be effected by the surrounding mass of heated
materials. By this means I am enabled to consume the whole of the
gaseous fuel of the coal which is evolved during the process of coking
in the calcining chamber in lieu of its being expelled before the heat is
sufficient for its ignition, which is the case in kilns of ordinary con-
struction in which flaming coal is used on the so-called system of flare
burning. The coke withdrawn from the retort I utilize by interstratify-
ing it with the materials to be burned or calcined in the calcining
chamber.
In lieu of employing one central retort as described I may employ
three or more smaller retorts on the inner periphery of the kiln, and
feed and draw them through radial openings in the walls thereof. The
gases evolved from these retorts will pass, as before explained, into the
calcining chamber, and mixing with the atmospheric air supplied thereto
will maintain a high heat in that chamber.
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention of "Improvements in
the Process of and Kilns for Burning Lime, Brick, Tiles, and other Articles,

page_text: and for the Calcination of Minerals," and explained the manner of carry-
ing the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that under the above
in part recited Letters Patent I claim, the method herein set forth of
employing and the means described for applying the heating properties
of fuel in the burning of brick and other articles, and in the calcination
of minerals whereby the gaseous fuel evolved in the coking process is
passed into the calcining chamber for consumption, and the resulting
coke is utilized for interstratifying the material or articles to be calcined
or burned.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Young Darracott Scott, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, the Twenty-eighth day of April,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-four.