IMPROVE. MENTS IN PENCIL CASES
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Riddle, of Lansdowne Terrace, South
Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, for the Invention of "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN PENCIL CASES."
Sealed the 25th April 1871, and dated the 27th October 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Riddle at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 27th October 1870.
'
I, WILLIAM RIDDLE, of Lansdowne Terrace, South Lambeth, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PENCIL CASES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the cases of pencils of the class known and
distinguished as ever-pointed pencils, in which the lead is slidden in
and out by means of a pusher.
Hitherto the cases of pencils have been made of metal, wood, and
ivory, all of which are attended with objections, and the object and
intention of this Invention is to remedy the objections attending the

page_text: use of the above mentioned materials, which I propose to accomplish by
employing materials not heretofore used in the manufacture of pencil
cases and also to render them less costly.
The materials I propose to employ are clay moulded into proper shape
by any known means, or cements that can be rendered plastic by the
admixture of cold water therewith so as to render them fit for moulding
into the desired shape.
Pencil cases made of the above materials are more cleanly than metal
or wood, and are not liable to cast or get out of shape by moisture or
heat as is now the case when wood is used for the case.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Riddle in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 27th April 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
RIDDLE, of Lansdowne Terrace, South Lambeth, in the County of Surrey,
send greeting..
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said William Riddle, Her special licence that
I, the said William Riddle, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said William Riddle, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PENCIL CASES,"
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Riddle, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
.
upon

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Riddle, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the cases of pencils of the class known and
distinguished as ever-pointed pencils in which the lead is slidden in and
out by means of a pusher.
Hitherto the cases of pencils have been made of metal, wood, and
ivory, all of which are attended with objections, and the object and
intention of this Invention is to remedy the objections attending the use
of the above-mentioned materials, which I propose to accomplish by
employing materials not heretofore used in the manufacture of pencil
cases, and also to render them less costly.
The materials I propose to employ are clay moulded into proper shape
by any known means, or cements that can be rendered plastic by the
admixture of cold water therewith so as to render them fit for moulding
into the desired shape.
Pencil cases made of the above materials are more cleanly than metal
or wood, and are not liable to cast or get out of shape by moisture or
heat as is now the case when wood is used for the case.
And in order to explain my said Invention more clearly I now proceed
to describe the manner of manufacturing my improved pencil cases,
reference being had to the illustrative Sheet of Drawings accompanying
these Presents and to the numeral figures and letters of reference
marked thereon respectively as follows:-
-
MODE OF MANUFACTURE.
I place clay or such material as is used for earthenware, stoneware,
or porcelain, in an iron cylinder, and by pressure of a screw or by
acting on a niston I force the clay through one
i

page_text: not required to be fired or burnt. The pieces so made may be provided
with coned points or ends, through which the lead or other writing
material is pushed in conformity with the pencil cases known as "Lund's."
patent pencils. As, however, it would be expensive to fasten on ends
or points to the pencil case barrel of clay or fired composition or cement,
I propose to use in the manufacture of the pencil case what I term
a point die A, shewn at Figures 2, formed of metal in two or more
pieces. The die is pressed against the cylinder before the clay is forced
out of the barrel B forming part of the main reservoir or cylinder
containing the clay or plastic material in bulk actuated by screw,
hydraulic, or other pressure, so that the clay (or other plastic material)
must enter the said die and assume the form of a pencil case point.
The centre of the point is hollowed during this process by the central
core C of the barrel B being extended outwards, so that the point
die when in situ has this portion of the core (which is a piece of
steel wire or like wire) in the centre of the point die, as represented
by the Drawing at Figure 3, taking care that the needle core towards
the point thereof is reduced in diameter (to enable the pencil case to
retain the marking material afterwards placed in the pencil case), as
at x, Figure 4.
By the Drawing it will be seen that the clay or composition first
is squeezed into the point die. The point die is thus filled and no more
plastic material can then leave the clay or other plastic material
reservoir or cylinder until the point die is removed in two or more
parts. When it is removed by a lever or slide or any of the means 2
well understood by mechanicians the screw or hydraulic pressure
then is caused to force more plastic material out, and the plastic material
is forced thus forward and may be received in a half round metal trough
or carrier brought into position to receive it, and is cut off the proper
length for a pocket pencil case. Probably three and a half inches. 3
While being cut off the pressure of the clay forward is arrested. When
this is done, and the pencil case made is removed, the point die is again
brought into position in contact with the metal surface D surrounding
the clay exit aperture and the aforesaid process is repeated, as many
cylinders, apertures, and point dies are provided as may be convenient 3
to produce the pencil cases with rapidity and cheapness. When they
have been fired they are to be provided with leads and pushers of metal
or other material to force the lead, chalk, or other marking material out
at the pointed end for writing purposes.

page_text: The pencil cases may be made in moulds of two halves as tobacco pipes
are made.
Having now fully described and set forth the nature and object of my
said Invention for "Improvements in Pencil Cases," together with the
means by which it may be effected, I would remark in conclusion that I
hereby declare my Invention to consist in and I claim manufacturing
pencil cases of plastic materials, substantially as above described with
reference to the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Riddle, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.