CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SILK PLUSHES, SILK VELVETS, WORSTED AND OTHER PLUSHES
Year: 1845

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
HOWARD, of Manchester,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her. present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twenty-fourth day of February, in the eighth year of Her reign;
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Joseph Howard, Her especial licence; full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said Joseph Howard, my exors, admors, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Joseph Howard, my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the
term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my
Invention of CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SILK PLUSHES,
SILK VELVETS, WORSTED AND OTHER PLUSHES;" in which said Letters Patent is
contained a proviso, that I, the said Joseph Howard, shall cause a particular
description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said in párt recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being
thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Joseph Howard, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and

page_text: the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to
the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon
(that is to say):-
:-
My Invention consists in weaving from the same length of pile warp or
warps of plushes and velvets, worsted and other plushes, an increased length
of cloth; and in order to cover sufficiently such extended length of cloth with
pile threads when cut from the wire, I add an increased number of threads to
the pile warp or warps, and intersect them with the weft threads of the cloth
in a variety of ways not heretofore done, and effect thereby a saving of labor
and expence.
In illustrating the means by which the above-named improve-
ments are effected, I shall proceed by giving a description of a few of the
very numerous methods which this new mode of manufacture embraces.
Although this new system comprises extensive variety, the specimens which I
am here laying down are a sufficient index to the whole. For example, I will
commence by using the one thousand one hundred reed, which count signifies
one thousand one hundred dents in thirty-six inches. I use or put into each
dent two pile threads worked in separate heddles, one pile thread being gene-
rally used in the ordinary mode of manufacture. Two ground threads are
used in each dent by my mode, and also by the ordinary mode. I also use
tive pile shafts for the purpose of floating the pile threads over five weft threads
from binding place to binding place. Two shafts are used in the ordinary
method generally. I also use five pile rolls or beams, which number has not
heretofore been made use of, but one pile roll or beam may be used if pre-
ferred. In the old mode of manufacture one and two pile rolls or beams are
generally used. I also weave between each wire or rod ten weft threads,
which is also new, six weft threads being the extent wove between each wire
heretofore. The whole of the pile is raised up to put the wire under in the
ordinary manner, but when each wire or rod is cut out, by the adoption of the
above-described methods, there will be left upon the surface of the cloth ten
rows or divisions of pile threads arising from the cutting out of each wire or
rod, while the mode heretofore used has generally produced only two divisions
or rows of pile threads from the cutting out of each wire.
In order, however, that my Invention or improvement may be as clearly
shewn as possible, I have drawn a tye-up or draught (shown at No. 1), such
as weavers use to guide them in the formation of a pattern, and which tye-up
or draught refers to that department of the improvement or Invention
described above.
In describing another department of the improvement or Invention, I will

page_text: again take the one thousand one hundred reed, as in the last description given;
and, firstly, I here work six pile threads in each dent, each pile thread being
worked by a separate heddle and two ground threads in a dent. The quantity of
pile threads here introduced will form about six times the quantity used by the old
mode of working a one thousand one hundred reed, and about three times the
quantity used in working the two thousand two hundred reed, when working
each pile thread by a separate heddle; I also use six pile shafts or other
harness for the purpose of floating the pile threads over fifteen weft threads
from binding place to binding place, and the extent of floating, in the old mode
of manufacture is over four weft threads only from binding into the cloth to
binding in again. I also weave in between wire and wire eighteen weft threads,
while six weft threads are the extent which have been wove in between wire
and wire in the ordinary mode of manufacture. Each wire, when cut out in
this peculiar make, forms six rows or divisions of pile threads upon the surface
of the cloth, whereas the old mode forms two rows or divisions of pile threads
only. This department of the improvement also forms sixty yards of- cloth
from the same length of pile warp or warps, which would not produce more
than twenty yards if worked upon the old mode of manufacture of equal
quality. (see Diagram, No. 2). This department of the improvement may be
worked another way, namely, by weaving in the wire or rod at the end of
every six weft threads instead of at the end of every eighteen weft threads, as
before described, yet the pile threads float over fifteen weft threads, as before.
In order that this department of my improvements may be understood as
clearly as possible, I have drawn the tye-ups by which they are worked (see
Diagram No. 3).
My improvements in the manufacture of silk velvets consist in weaving
velvets in the manner I weave silk plushes, before described, though I use
wires for this purpose of the size used in the mode of making ordinary velvets.
In worsted and other plushes my improvements consist in the use of a greater
number of threads in the pile warp than has hitherto been used, and in weaving
a greater number of weft threads between wire and wire, and of causing the
pile threads to float over a greater number of weft threads, so that when the
wires are cut out of the cloth the pile threads will rise in more divisions or
rows, and will more generally cover the face of the cloth than is the case in
the ordinary mode of manufacturing them, such weaving being performed in
the manner described in respect to silk plush.
I
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which
carry it into effect, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself

page_text: to the details herein mentioned; so long as the peculiar character of either part
of my Invention' be retained; but what I claim is,.
First, in silk plushes, the weaving of eight or more weft threads between the
introduction of each wire, and also the floating of the pile threads over five or
moré weft threads between those parts where they are woven into the cloth.to
be bound; and I also claim the distribution of the pile threads upon the cloth
into four or more divisions or rows betwixt wire and wire..
Secondly, the weaving of silk velvets with six or more weft threads betwixt
each wire, and also the floating of the pile threads over three or more weft
threads; and I also claim the causing of the pile warp to rise in two or more
divisions or rows betwixt wire and wire when such pile is cut...
And, lastly, in worsted and other plushes, the weaving of six.or..more.weft
threads betwixt wire and wire, and also the floating of the pile threads over.
three or more weft threads; and I also claim the causing of the pile threads
to rise in three or more divisions or rows between wire.and wire when cut.,
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Howard, have hereunto-set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-five.
year
JOSEPH (L.S.) HOWARD.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-third day of August, in
the of our Lord 1845, the aforesaid Joseph Howard came before our said
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said; and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for. that purpose.
Enrolled the Twenty-third day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-five..

page_text: In the Matter of Letters Patent granted to Joseph Howard, of
Manchester, for an Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF SILK PLUSHES, SILK VELVETS, WORSTED AND OTHER
PLUSHES," bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-fourth day of.
February, One thousand eight hundred and forty-five, and of a
Specification enrolled in pursuance of the proviso in the said Letters
Patent contained.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE. PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOSEPH
HOWARD, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Hatter, HENRY HOWARD,
of Houghton, in the same County, Hat Finisher, and RICHARD BOLTON, of
Newton Heath, in the same County, Weaver, send greeting.
WHEREAS Letters Patent, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-fourth
day of February, One thousand eight hundred and forty-five, were granted to
the said Joseph Howard for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
SILK PLUSHES, SILK VELVETS, WORSTED AND OTHER PLUSHES:" And whereas the said
Joseph Howard, in pursuance of the proviso in that behalf in the said Letters
Patent, did particularly describe and ascertain the nature of his said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, by an instrument in writing
under his hand and seal, and he caused the same to be duly enrolled in pur-
suance of the proviso in that. behalf in the said Letters Patent contained: And
whereas the said Letters Patent have been duly assigned to the said Henry
Howard and Richard Bolton in several parts, shares, and proportions, and the
same are now duly vested in the said Henry Howard and Richard Bolton:
And whereas since the grant of the said Letters Patent and the enrolment of
the said Specification certain of the said improvements have come into exten-
sive use, but doubts have been entertained as to the utility of certain other
of the improvements for which the said Letters Patent were granted: And
whereas the said Henry Howard and Richard Bolton, for the reasons aforesaid,
are desirous to enter a Disclaimer of part of the said title and a Memorandum
of Alteration in the said Specification, and have requested the said Joseph
Howard to concur therein:

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Joseph Howard, Henry Howard, and
Richard Bolton, da, and each of us doth, hereby disclaim the words "silk
velvets, worsted and other plushes," in the title of the said Invention, and
in the recital of such title in the. Specification; also the words "and velvets,
worsted and other plushes," near the commencement of the Specification;
also the paragraph beginning with the words "My improvements in the
manufacture of silk velvets," and ending with the words "in the manner
described in respect to silk plush," further on in the Specification; also the
paragraph beginning with the words "and I also claim the distribution of
the pile threads," and ending with the words "between wire and wire when
cut," at the conclusion of the said Specification. And in order that the Speci-
fication so altered may be consistent with itself, we erase the words "either
part of," and also the word "First," near the conclusion of the said Specifi-
cation. And we do declare that the said Specification when altered as
aforesaid will be in the words following (that is to say):-.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
HOWARD, of Manchester, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twenty-fourth day of February, in the eighth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Joseph Howard, Her special licence, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said Joseph Howard, my exors, adiñors, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Joseph Howard, my exors, adiñiors, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the
term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my
Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SILK PLUSHES;"
in which said. Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that I, the said Joseph
Howard, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be enrolled in Iler
said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in
an by the sane, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Joseph Howard, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and

page_text: the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the
Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon
(that is to say):-
My Invention consists in weaving from the same length of pile warp or
warps of plushes an increased length of cloth, and in order to cover sufficiently
such extended length of cloth with pile threads when cut from the wire, I add
an increased number of threads to the pile warp or warps and intersect them
with the weft threads of the cloth in a variety of ways not heretofore done,
and effect thereby a saving of labor and expence. In illustrating the means
by which the above-named improvements are effected, I shall proceed by giving
a description of a few of the very numerous methods which this new mode of
manufacture embraces. Although this new system comprises extensive variety,
the specimens which I am here laying down are a sufficient index to the
whole. For example, I will commence by using the one thousand one
hundred reed, which count. signifies one thousand one hundred dents in
thirty-six inches. I use or put into each dent two pile threads, worked in
separate heddles, one pile thread being generally used in the ordinary mode of
manufacture. Two ground threads are used in each dent by my mode and
also by the ordinary mode; I also use five pile shafts for the purpose of floating
the pile threads over five weft threads from binding place to binding place.
Two shafts are used in the ordinary method generally. I also use five pile rolls
or beams, which number has not heretofore been made use of, but one pile roll
or beam may be used if preferred; in the old mode of manufacture one and
two pile rolls or beams are generally used. I also weave between each wire or
rod ten weft threads, which is also new, six weft threads being the extent wove
between each wire heretofore. The whole of the pile is raised up to put the
wire, under in the ordinary manner, but when each wire or rod is cut out, by
the adoption of the above-described methods, there will be left upon the surface
of the cloth ten rows or divisions of pile threads arising from the cutting out
of each wire or rod, while the mode heretofore used has generally produced.
only two divisions or rows of pile threads from the cutting out of each wire.
In order, however, that my Invention or improvement may be as clearly
shewn as possible, I have drawn a tye-up or draught (shewn at No. 1), such as
weavers use to guide them in the formation of a pattern, and which tye-up or
draught refers to that department of the improvement or Invention described
above.
In describing another department of the improvement or Invention, I will.

page_text: again take the one thousand one hundred reed, as in the last.description given;
and, firstly, I here work six pile. threads in each dent, each pile thread :being
worked by a separate heddle and two ground threads in a dent. The quantity of
pile threads here introduced will form about six times the quantity used by
the old mode of working a one thousand one hundred:reed, and about three
times the quantity used in working the two thousand two hundred reed, when
working each pile thread by a separate. heddle; I also use six pile..shafts or
other harness for the purpose of. floating the pile threads over fifteen weft
threads from binding place to binding place; and the extent of floating in
the old mode of manufacture is over four, weft threads only from binding. into
the cloth to binding in again. I also weave in between wire.and wire eighteen
weft threads, while six weft threads are the extent which have been wove in
between wire and wire in the ordinary mode of manufacture. Each wire, when
out out in this peculiar make, forms, six. rows or divisions of pile threads upon
the surface of, the cloth; whereas the old mode forms!two rows.or. divisions of
pile threads only. This department of the improvement also forms sixty yards
of cloth. from the same length of:pile warp or warps, which would not produce
more than twenty yards if worked upon the old mode: of manufacture of equal
quality (see Diagram, No. 2). This department: of the.improvement may be
worked another way, namely, by weaving in the wire or rod at the end of
every six weft threads instead of at the end of every eighteen weft threads, -as
before described, yet the pile threads float over fifteen weft threads as . before.
In order that this department of my improvements may be understood as
clearly, as clearly as possible, I have drawn the tye-ups by which they are
worked (see Diagram, No. 3).
Having now described the nature of my: Invention, and the manner in which
I carry it into effect, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself
to the details: herein mentioned so. long as the peculiar character of my Inven-
tion be retained;. but what I claim is, in silk iplushes the weaving of eight
or more weft threads between the introduction of each wire, and also the
floating of the pile threads over five or more weft threads between those parts
where they are woven into the cloth. to be bound.
::
In witness whereof, 'I, the said Joseph Howard, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-five.
And we, the said Joseph Howard, Henry Howard, and Richard Bolton, do,
and each of us does, hereby further..declare, that the above. Disclaimer and

page_text: Memorandum of Alteration is not such Disclaimer or such Alteration as
xtends the exclusive right granted by the said Letters. Patent.
In witness whereof, we, the said Joseph Howard, Henry Howard,' and
Richard Bolton, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Thirteenth
day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
forty-nine.
RICHARD BOLTON. (L.S.).
=
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the said Joseph
Howard, Henry Howard; and Richard. Bolton,
in the presence of
WOLLEY FOSTER, Sol", Manchester.
To the Clerk of the Patents of England.
This is to certify, that Joseph Howard, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Hatter, Henry Howard, of Houghton, in the same County, Hat
Finisher, and Richard Bolton, of Newton Heath, in the same County, Weaver,
have applied to me for leave to file with you the above-written Disclaimer and
Memorandum of Alteration of a certain Invention, for which Letters Patent
were duly granted to the said Joseph Howard under the Great Seal, bearing
date the 24th February 1845, and of the Specification, which was duly enrolled.
And having considered the said application, I directed him to advertise his
said Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration in the London Gazette,
and the Times, Manchester Guardian, and Manchester Examiner, and
Times newspapers; and such advertisements having been duly made, and no
objection having been made to the said application, I have accordingly granted
leave to the said Joseph Howard, Henry Howard, and Richard Bolton to file
their said Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration, pursuant to the Statute
passed in the 5th and 6th years of the reign of His late Majesty King William
the 4th, entitled "An Act to amend the Law touching Letters Patent for
Inventions."
Temple, 11th August 1849.
JOHN JERVIS.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-fifth day of August, in
the year of our Lord 1849, the aforesaid Richard Bolton came before our said
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Disclaimer aforesaid,
and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above written.
And also the Disclaimer aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the
Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Twenty-ninth day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-nine.