matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN REEFING AND UNREEFING, FURLING AND UNFURLING, SAILS OF SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS, AND AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE ROTARY YARDS, AND THE JOURNALS IN WHICH THE SOCKETS OR ENDS OF THE ROTARY YARDS WORK
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abel Mills at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th December
1862.
I, ABEL MILLS, of Seaham Harbour, in the County of Durham, Boot and
Shoe Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN REEFING AND UNREEFING, FURLING AND UNFURLING, SAILS OF SHIPS AND
OTHER VESSELS, AND AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE ROTARY YARDS, AND THE JOURNALS
IN WHICH THE SOCKETS OR ENDS OF THE ROTARY YARDS WORK," to be as
follows:-
As to the reefing and unreefing, furling and unfurling, of the sails, it consists
of holes made in the sails, which are worked on rotary yards or rollers; there is
a hoop fitted on the rotary yard or roller, in which hoop is fixed a hook, which
as the yard revolves catches a pall or shackle fitted on a hoop on the other or
fixed yard, as the yard revolves the hook before mentioned leaves the shackle
and goes through the holes in the sail, which are disposed at such distances as
that the hook will go through one hole at each revolution of the yard until the
sail is completely reefed, furled, or stowed. In unreefing or unfurling, a line
attached to the end of the pall raises the pall from the hook until the sail is
set, then by slackening the line, the pall attaches to the hook again.
As to the journals in which the sockets or ends of the rotary yards work,
this is an application to the journals of an iron stay or stays by which the
strength and bearing power of both yards is materially increased, the parrel or

page_text: sliding piece is improved by the addition on the aft side of it of a down haul;
the rotary yard or roller is strengthened by cross iron let into it all through,
the yard being divided into two or four pieces for the purpose of receiving
the iron.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Culling at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th March
1862.
I, CHARLES CULLING, of Downham Market, in the County of Norfolk,
Gun Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in fire-arms. For this
purpose in order to render fire-arms less liable to be discharged by accident,
apparatus is applied to a fire-arm in such manner as to hold or retain the
hammer or trigger, or parts interposed between them, so that the fire-arm
shall not be discharged till the cheek of the person using the fire-arm is pressed
on to the stock in the act. of looking along the barrel or barrels in taking aim.
With this object a cheek rest or cushion is applied to that part of a stock of a
fire-arm against which the check of the person when aiming is pressed, the
rest or cushion is constantly pressed outwards by the action of a spring, and is
in connection with a bolt, catch, or detent which acts on and retains the hammer
or trigger or other parts of the lock from movement until the rest or cushion
is depressed by the cheek pressing upon it, and then the motion of the rest or
cushion is communicated to the bolt, catch, or detent which moves so as to
leave the lock free to act. The rest or cushion is fixed to a rod or to the end
of a lever which passes into the interior of the stock, and such rod or lever is

page_text: connected with the bolt, catch, or detent by suitable connecting rods or parts.
When applied to rifles the cheek rest or cushion may be made adjustable, so
as to be easily raised and adapted to the height of the sight according to the
-range which may be required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LACE OR NET BONNET FRONTS AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES, AND IN APPARATUS USED IN THIS MANUFACTURE
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Dearman Dunnicliff' at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
February 1862.
I, JOHN DEARMAN DUNNICLIFF, of Nottingham, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LACE OR
NET BONNET FRONTS AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES, AND IN APPARATUS USED IN
THIS MANUFACTURE," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of lace
or net bonnet fronts and other similar articles, and in apparatus used in this
manufacture.
In the manufacture of bonnet fronts and similar articles it is now usual
first to gofer the lace or net by machinery, and afterwards to set the gofered
material into a band; this is sometimes done by causing a blade to descend
on the centre of the gofered fabric, and force it down into a suitably formed
groove, where it is held till the cementing material of the band is sufficiently
set. When lace or net, however, is gofered by machinery such as is at present
employed, the gofers are all made perpendicular to the length of the fabric,
which gives to the finished article a somewhat stiff and formal appearance.
Now, according to my Invention, in making bonnet fronts and similar
articles the lace or net is first gofered by machinery, as is usual, and before
setting the gofered fabric into the band, as above explained, or otherwise, and
whilst it is resting on a suitable table or surface I cause an instrument to
descend on to the top of the gofers. This instrument, by pressing on the

page_text: gofers and by moving in the direction of the length of the fabric, throws them
into an inclined position more or less, as may be required, and whilst the
gofers are held in the inclined position the fabric is pressed or set into the
band; this may either be done whilst the pressing instrument is holding the
gofers, or if the stiffening material of the fabric he in a somewhat soft state
when the gofers are thrown into the inclined position, they may be held by the
pressing instrument till the stiffening material sets sufficiently, and afterwards
the gofered material may be set into the band as heretofore.
Or, in place of proceeding in the manner above described in gofering the
fabric, I so arrange the apparatus as to cause the instruments which press on
the fabric alternately on either side so as to throw it into gofers, to move when
in contact with the fabric in a direction inclined to its length, in place of
perpendicularly thereto as heretofore; this arrangement will cause the appa-
ratus to produce inclined gofering in place of perpendicular, such as has
hitherto been produced by machinery. Fabric thus gofered may be set into a
band in the usual way..
IMPROVEMENTS IN VICES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Easterbrook and James
Hobson Allcard at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 27th March 1862.
We, JOHN EASTERBROOK and JAMES HOBSON ALLCARD, of Sheffield, in the
County of York; Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VICES," to be as follows:-
The objects of our Invention are first, to render the bench vice more effectual
in its operation by causing the movable jaw to move as hereafter described in
a straight line parallel to the direction of the action of the screw, instead of in
a circular arc as heretofore, second, to render vices more effectual for gripping
taper articles.
Our improvements are effected in combination with the ordinary vice box,
and screw, with either solid or brazed threads in brass, copper, wrought-iron,
annealed malleable, cast iron, or any other metal or combination of metals
that may be found most convenient and useful, or the thread may be cut in
the fixed jaw. The movable jaw in the parallel vice is steadied and guided
in its movements by a metal bar working and bearing upon a suitable plate
fixed below the screw and box at any suitable distance. The plate for fixing
the vice to the bench, bears by preference upon the bench or under the bench,
assisted in some cases by a leg reaching to the floor, welded, screwed, or other-
wise fixed to the slide plate or to either of the jaws whenever found necessary
for the proper securing and supporting of the vice. In some cases we make
the parallel vice self-adjusting for gripping cotters or other taper work, by

page_text: means of a swivel or joint, formed in either one of the jaws. The swivelling
jaw is compensated by spherical washers placed upon the screw or box, in
order to secure at all times a proper bearing for the screw upon the jaws.
The movable jaw may be connected to the screw in many ways, in order to
cause the said screw to carry the jaw with it in all its motions.
The important feature in our Invention is the introduction of the box and
pin, and of the slide bar to the movable jaw of the parallel vice, whether such
bar be formed solid with the jaw or fixed thereto. The bar may be round,
square, or any other suitable shape or section, when used to render the
motion of the jaw parallel to the action of the screw, whether such bar bear
upon a plate provided for the purpose or through suitable holes in the fixed
jaw of the vice, no matter by what description of screw and box or nut such
vice may be caused to act. Vices may be made according to our Invention in
cast, wrought, or malleable cast iron, or other metal; or combination of
metals.
AN IMPROVED QUARTZ CRUSHER
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Julius Caesar Dickey at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th January
1862.
I, JULIUS CAESAR DICKEY, of Saratoga Springs, County of Saratoga, and
State of New York, United States of America, do hereby declare the nature
of the Invention for "AN IMPROVED QUARTZ CRUSHER," to be as follows:-
The improved quartz crusher is composed of a drum, having an axis pro-
jecting from each of its ends; the drum is divided at right angles to the axes into
into two parts, the two parts being held together by bolts and nuts. The axes of
the drum are hollow, and on one of them is keyed a pulley by which the drum
may be caused to rotate; the end of one of the hollow axes is in connection
with the end of a pipe coming from a hopper in which the quartz to be
crushed is placed, so that the drum is fed from this hopper with the quartz to
be crushed; in the other hollow axis is fitted a conical sieve, through which
the quartz as it is crushed escapes and passes away through the end of the
hollow axis. Around the interior of the periphery of the drum is a ring or
lining, which is caused to rotate with the drum by projections on the ring
entering recesses in the drum. Within the drum are three or other number
of blocks or hammers of an oval section; these hammers turn eccentrically
upon pins carried by the sides of the drum, and as the drum revolves the
hammers fall over against the ring or lining, and crush the material in the

page_text: drum; the action of the hammer also causes the pulverized material to escape
through the sieve. In some cases but one hammer may be used, arranged to
swing on a pivot in the centre of the wheel, and to strike against projections
on the inside of the drum. .
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE AIR PUMPS OF STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Pugh Temperley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
April 1862.
I, JOHN PUGH TEMPERLEY, of the Soho Iron Works, Bolton-le-Moors, in
the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE AIR PUMPS OF STEAM ENGINES," to be
as follows:-
My Invention consists in fitting a plunger or ram upon the piston rod of
the air pump cylinder of condensing engines; or in otherwise connecting a
plunger with the ordinary bucket. By this means the action of the pump is
increased and a portion of its work performed during the down stroke, whereby
I am enabled to reduce the size of the air pump accordingly. Another advan-
tage of this combination of plunger and bucket in the air pumps of condensing
engines consists in the production of a more perfect vacuum than can be
obtained by the plunger alone.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Johnston at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th January
1862.
I, WILLIAM JOHNSTON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Metal Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS," to be as follows, that is to say:
This Invention relates to lamps for illuminating shop windows, halls,.
stations, and other places, and which are of the kind comprising a number of
gas jets or other lights arranged star-fashion, or in a circular or similar form
beneath or around or partly around a central reflecting surface or combination
of reflecting surfaces; and the Invention comprises various improvements in-
forming, constructing, shaping, or arranging the details of such lamps.
In one modification of the improved lamps the central reflector is of a
cylindrical form of uniform diameter or tapering slightly, being placed ver--
tically and with the lights arranged round it.. An improvement applicable to
the cylindrical reflector and to reflectors of various other forms, such as
spherical, ellipsoidal, vase-shaped, and: urn-shaped reflectors consists in forming
the reflecting surface with a series of flutings, or so as to present an indented:
outline in section instead of the ordinary circular outline, and in disposing the
lights so as to obtain a multiplication of reflections from such flutings.
In constructing reflectors according to this Invention of forms which
are convex in general outline at the reflecting part, such as cylindrical,
spherical, ellipsoidal, vase-shaped, and urn-shaped reflectors, and being with
or without flutings, polished metallic surfaces are employed, such, for example,,

page_text: as thin sheet copper prepared by well-known means with a silvered or other
external reflecting surface. To prevent injury by the gaseous matters emitted
at the lights, the reflecting surfaces are protected by a vitreous coating, or by
a coating of transparent lacquer or varnish. In cases where very small cost
is an object the material used in constructing the reflectors may be tinned
plate or zinc, the surface being polished, and being protected in the manner
already mentioned. The reflectors may also be constructed of earthenware of
the kind known as "lustre ware;" and this material may also be used in
forming or ornamenting the other parts of the lamp.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED WHEN CIRCULATING HOT WATER FOR WARMING DWELLING HOUSES AND OTHER PLACES, WHICH APPARATUS MAY BE USED FOR COOLING AND CONDENSING
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Samuel Hindley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on tho -
9th July 1862.
I, EDMUND SAMUEL HINDLEY, of Bourton, in the County of Dorset, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
USED WHEN CIRCULATING HOT WATER FOR WARMING DWELLING HOUSES AND
OTHER PLACES, WHICH APPARATUS MAY BE USED FOR COOLING AND CONDENSING,"
be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus used when
circulating hot water for warming dwelling houses and other places, which
apparatus may be used for cooling and condensing. For these purposes, in
order to obtain combined arrangements and clusters of tubular passages for
the circulation of hot water, a series of tubes or pipes are cast or formed, each
having at each of its two ends or near each of its two ends a hollow or tubular
cross head communicating with the interior of the tube or pipe of which such
cross heads or ends form parts. The two ends of each of these cross heads or
ends are made to fit other similar cross heads or ends on other pipes or tubes,
so that when several of these cross heads or ends are brought and held together
a continuous tubular passage is produced at both ends of the series of tubes or
pipes, and by preference at right angles thereto. In order to fix several of
such cross heads or ends together securely and water-tight, screw bolts are
used, which are passed through the tubular cross heads or ends formed at the

page_text: two ends of the several pipes or tubes. The screw bolts used are of smaller
diameter than the interior of the tubular passages in the hollow cross heads or
ends, in order that there may be sufficient passage way for the free flow of
water through the hollow cross heads or ends, and to and from them to the
tubes or pipes of which the cross heads or ends form parts; or these bolts may
be placed outside the said cross heads and parallel to the direction of those
through the cross heads. Between each joint or junction of the several hollow
cross heads or ends is introduced a washer or filling piece of vulcanized india-
rubber or of other suitable soft substance, so that when the nuts on the screw
bolts are screwed tightly up to secure the several hollow cross heads or ends
the joints or junctions will be made water-tight.
A
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WASHING THE FELTS OF PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
September 1862.-A communication from abroad by François de
Rindac, of Huysenghon, Belgium.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WASHING THE FELTS OF PAPER-MAKING MACHINES," a
communication to me from abroad by François de Rindac, of Huysenghon,
Belgium, to be as follows:-
The improved apparatus forming the subject of this Invention is composed
of a wooden or cast iron receiver or reservoir, fed by a current constantly
renewing and keeping the water in the receiver at the same level. This
apparatus is placed beneath the felt coucher, which is brought to it by rollers
when returning empty or uncharged. In the apparatus and beneath the water
are two parallel rollers, working the one towards the other, and exercising
on the felt which passes between them a pressure which purges it from
the foreign and earthy matters with which it may be charged. On leaving
this bath the felt passes through two other rollers covered with felt or caout-
chouc, the pressure of which frees it of the excess of water, and clears off
any remaining extraneous matters, so that thus disembarassed it presents
itself anew beneath the press and the wet paper carrier in a thoroughly clean

page_text: state, and as the felt is thus washed at each revolution, it may be worn
out on the machine, without ever having been removed for washing. The
receiver or reservoir may in some cases be suppressed, and two or more
watering pots or pipes be substituted, which will constantly sprinkle or soak
the felt in its passage; this arrangement may be adapted to any machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STUDS OR FASTENINGS ADAPTED TO HOLDING TOGETHER PARTS OF SHIRT FRONTS, WRISTBANDS, COLLARS, GLOVES, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Henry Atkinson, of the Cavendish Club,
Regent Street, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STUDS OR FASTENINGS ADAPTED TO HOLDING TOGETHER
PARTS OF SHIRT FRONTS, WRISTBANDS, COLLARS, GLOVES, AND OTHER ARTICLES
OF WEARING APPAREL."
Sealed the 27th February 1868, and dated the 3rd September 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Henry Atkinson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition on the
3rd September 1862.
I, WILLIAM HENRY ATKINSON, of the Cavendish Club, Regent Street, in
the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STUDS OR FASTENINGS ADAPTED TO HOLDING
TOGETHER PARTS OF SHIRT FRONTS, WRISTBANDS, COLLARS, GLOVES, AND OTHER
ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL," to be as follows:-
As studs or fasteners for holding together parts of shirt fronts, wristbands,
collars, gloves, or other articles of wearing apparel are generally constructed
they have two discs or enlarged surfaces, one of which is generally ornamented,
and is often set with precious stones, enamel, jet, and the like, and these discs
or enlarged surfaces are connected together by a pillar, shaft, or neck, and

page_text: they are applied by one of these discs or enlarged surfaces being passed
through suitable button holes, so that the parts to be connected may pass on
to such pillar, shaft, or neck; but the effect of such passage of one of the
enlarged surfaces through such hole is generally to produce derangement of
the parts of the article so connected. And the object of the improvements is
to avoid this inconvenience, as well as to facilitate the attachment of such
studs or fastenings.
By one adaptation the studs are formed in two parts; to one of these is
applied the shaft or pillar, which is formed hollow, and with an internal neck
or shoulder adapted to receive a stem attached to the other part of the stud,
which is held therein by means of a spring, with a notch or notches acting on
the neck or shoulder of the hollow stem, and capable of being readily acted
upon to release them when necessary.
By another arrangement the stems of the respective parts are held one
within the other by screwing, aided by spring pressure.
By another arrangement a dovetail piece is applied to the stem or shaft of
one part of the stud adapted to slide into a corresponding recess in the other
part, and to be retained there by a spring. By these means a simple round
eyelet hole will alone be necessary in place of the long button hole now used
to receive such studs.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPIKES FOR RAILWAYS AND OTHER PURPOSES, AND IN THE MODE OF MANUFACTURING AND SECURING THE SAME
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Price at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd April
1862.
I, JAMES PRICE, of Dundalk, Ireland, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPIKES FOR RAILWAYS
AND OTHER PURPOSES, AND IN THE MODE OF MANUFACTURING AND SECURING THE
SAME," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved manufacture of split spikes or pins to
be used on railways, or applied to other purposes where applicable, such as
ship building, and consists in. manufacturing an ordinary solid spike or pin,
and then splitting it longitudinally for a greater or less portion of its length by
means of a circular saw or shears. When the material to be used in the spike
is a softer metal, such as copper or white metal, I propose to form the spike
either by having it cast with the split and bevilled points, or by the process
above described. The two limbs or halves thus formed are bevelled inwards
at the point, which causes their opening or separation when driven into the
sleeper or other timber. In order however to insure with greater certainty
the opening of the split end of the spike or pin, I propose to use a small iron,
metal, or hard wood wedge, cone, pyramid, plug, or ball, which is dropped
into or inserted in the hole to receive the spike, which hole is to be bored
about the depth to which the solid portion of the spike will reach when driven
home, and upon which the bevilled end of the spike is driven, such wedge or
cone serving effectually to open or separate the split. In drawing the spike

page_text: this wedge or cone, which has previously been forced up to the extreme end of
the split, is generally drawn out with it, so that the extra width given to the
split portion of the spike must be drawn through the small aperture formed by
the neck of the spike or unsplit portion; this wedge or cone is not absolutely
necessary to the use of these spikes, but it is found to produce a better opening
of the limbs of the spike. I also propose to apply this same principle of the
use of a wedge or cone to hollow spikes or hollowed split spikes by boring a
hole a short way, and dropping into it a plug, cone, or ball, before driving the
spike.
AN IMPROVED KALEIDO- SCOPE
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Logan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th November
1862.
I, THOMAS LOGAN, of Kensington, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED KALEIDO-
SCOPE," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists principally in mounting the kaleidoscope on a stand
in which it is supported with the eye piece upwards so as to be capable of
revolving; and, secondly, in attaching a circular or other reflector to the said
stand mounted on pivots so as to be capable of being placed at a suitable
angle to reflect the light into the kaleidoscope. By thus mounting the
kaleidoscope much more beautiful effects will be produced than by the ordinary
instrument, and the patterns can be retained and shown to another person, or
copied without fear of disturbing them. It will be evident that any ordinary
kaleidoscope may be mounted in this manner, but I have found that an
instrument of the following form and dimensions will produce the best results.
The tube is made to taper, being about eleven inches long, one inch diameter
at one end, and two inches and a quarter at the other. Inside the tube are
three reflecting glasses (about nine inches long, three quarters of an inch wide
at one end, and one inch and a half at the other,) blacked or silvered at the
back and arranged in an equilateral triangle. At the lower end of the tube
are two circular glasses, one plain and the other ground, between which are

page_text: placed loosely pieces of broken glass, cut stones, or other objects. The stand
I make in wood of an oval form, having two pillars, near the upper end of
which is fixed a ring, in which the tube of the kaleidoscope is mounted (at an
angle of about thirty degrees from the perpendicular) so as to be capable of
revolving on its axis. A circular reflector of silvered glass, about three inches
and a half diameter, is mounted on pivots attached to the stand in front of the
pillars, and beneath the lower end of the kaleidoscope. The stand being
placed upon a table and the reflector so arranged as to throw the light into
the instrument; upon looking through the eye piece, and turning round the
tube slowly, the most beautiful effects are produced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIRT COLLARS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Stephen Jarvis at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
July 1862.
I, JOHN STEPHEN JARVIS, one of the Managers for Dent, Allcroft, Lycett,
and Company, of Wood Street, in the City of London, Warehousemen, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIRT
COLLARS," to be as follows :-
My Invention is in the cut and make of the band of turn-down collars,
whereby creasing or puckering of the outside of the collar is prevented.
I make the band of the cut and form shown in the accompanying Drawing.
The curved parts from A to A' may be left open, or they may be filled by a
single thickness of linen. The effect is to cause the outside of the collar to
fit without a wrinkle or crease.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTAL TRIMMINGE
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Halliday at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th May
1862.
I, JOHN HALLIDAY, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Warehouseman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTAL TRIMMINGE," to be
as follows:-
I cut by hand, or punch any fabric to a required design, and fill up the
interstices or parts cut out with a different material, or use one material only,
and sew the two materials together, either by hand or machine, securing the
two together by stitching with a neat back or other stitch close to the inner
edge of the part cut out, or both inner and outer edges. For instance, suppose
the design is intended to represent a leaf, I cut the fabric to the proper
shape, and then cut out the inner part, leaving only a portion of the material
to represent the leaf, and then I put a different material under the said cut
out fabric, and secure them together by stitching the inner edge of the
designed fabric all round with a different colored silk or thread, so that the
ornamental design is clearly shewn, both by the fabric, the stitching, and
the additional different material. Or, if desirable, I use only one material,
cutting out the design, and sewing, as already described, and when the
ornamental part is put on the garment the material of the garment will form
the second material or contrast. Or I paste, gum, or otherwise secure another

page_text: fabric on the back of such openings; or I join two or more fabrics together,
and place another material or color on the back of one of them; or I join the
two fabrics together by sewing the outer part of the outline or design, and
placing a different material betwixt the two where cut out, and securing it by
any adhesive material, or by sewing; or I sew the required design either on
one or more fabrics, and cut out the desired portions after such sewing, if two
or more fabrics, leaving the under one to shew through such parts as are cut
out. And in some cases I introduce embossing in conjunction with the
sewing, or when any of the parts are cut away, so as to heighten the design or
effect. I also use two fabrics for the outline figure, and insert the additional
material between them, then unite the three materials by stitching, as before
described, all round both the inner and outer edges of the figure or figures.
By these plans I make elegant trimmings suitable for ladies' shawls, mantles,
and similar articles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COLORING MATTERS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Sanders Blockey at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th August 1862.
I, JOHN SANDERS BLOCKEY, of Hyde Park, Leeds, in the County of York,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF COLORING MATTERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
coloring matters.
For this purpose I add to aniline or its homologues a mixture of nitric and
bydrochloric acid, and I maintain this compound for some time at a tempe-
rature of about 180° Fahrenheit, and thus I. obtain the colors required, viz.,
a mixture of red, purple, and blue, the proportions of which will vary according
to the quantity of the acids employed. The colors contained in the mixture
may be separated the one from the other and purified; or the process may be
varied by making a mixture of nitrate of aniline, hydrochlorate of aniline, and
aniline, and heating the mixture as before. The homologues of aniline may
be substituted for aniline, and the corresponding compounds of these may be
substituted for the compounds of aniline above mentioned.
A NEW HYDRAULIC RAы
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest Bollée at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th April
1862.
I, ERNEST BOLLÉE, of Le Mans, Department of La Sarthe, in the Empire
of France, Founder, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"A NEW HYDRAULIC RAы," to be as follows:-
The principal objects of my new hydraulic ram are to avoid the breaking
of the clack, and to work even in high water. Its dispositions are as follows:
-The stopping clack, instead of being a plane plate, or a ball, or an ordinary
valve, is a plate surmounted by a hollow cylinder opened at the top, and the
lower part of which is perforated with several holes. This cylidrical clack is
enclosed in a frame furnished, first, with a ring at its bottom; second, at its
middle part with some pillars having large openings between each other; and,
third, at the top with a cover, under which is a recess to admit the outer-
most end of the clack cylinder. When the clack is opened, the motive power
water freely escapes, but when it shuts up, instead of a violent collision
taking place between metal and metal, as is the case in the other rams, it
happens that the water in the cylinder ascends in the recess, and receives the
whole shock, so that the plate of the clack does not touch or hardly touch its
fulcrum; for instance, when the cylinder ascends, and is beginning to enter
into the recess, thus shutting the water in, the openings at the foot of the said
cylinder are still opened, leaving a communication through which the water
compressed in the interior of the ram is admitted, and acts as a counter pressure
on the clack by its tendency to take the place of the water running through
the openings around the cylinder. A balance beam serves to equilibrate to a

page_text: great extent the stopping clack, the lifting of which it will assist, thus permit-
ting to be given to the said cylindrical clack the weight and solidity required,
and to regulate the work by more or less charging the counterpoise of the
balance beam. Before the clack is completely shut, this counterpoise is
arrested by a support, and then the clack is no longer pulled by the balance,
but only by a slight spring attached to the balance beam; the result is, that
the clack comes off easily, and that a too quick fall is avoided. An air-
pump placed at the top of a column above the high water of the river forces
the air through a pipe into the ram, thus allowing the working of the said ram
even in high water. My system is available for rams the clack of which is
either behind or before the air bell.
AN IMPROVED INSTRUMENT FOR MARKING WADDED OR OTHER STUFFS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
July 1862. A communication from abroad by Alphonse Mestre, of
Toulouse, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
INSTRUMENT FOR MARKING WADDED OR OTHER STUFFS," communicated to me
from abroad by Alphonse Mestre, of Toulouse, France, to be as follows:-
Instead of marking the wadding of stuffs with the smoothing iron as here-
tofore, it is proposed to use an instrument or apparatus for that purpose, which
will largely economize time, and do the work with precision. This apparatus
is composed of a cylinder, usually from two to four inches long. On this
cylinder is placed a disc (or discs); the ends of the cylinder carry a short
spindle, to allow of its being secured in a frame, which tapers up to a handle.
Grooved slides (either framed or not), but with means to retain them in
parallel), are placed upon the stuff to be operated upon. The cylinder (and
consequently the disc or discs) being heated, the operator takes the instrument
by the handle, and pushes it along the grooved slides, and the disc or discs
mark out the squares upon the wadding or stuff, which is placed upon a table,
the surface of which may with advantage be slightly stuffed or padded. By
altering the position of the grooved slides, different sized squares, lines, or
lozenges may be impressed upon the stuffs.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FOLDING ENVELOPES
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Cook, of Coburg Road, Old Kent Road,
in the County of Surrey, Machinist, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FOLDING ENVELOPES."
Sealed the 25th July 1862, and dated the 1st February 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said. Thomas Cook, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
February 1862.
I, THOMAS COOк, of Coburg Road, Old Kent Road, in the County of
Surrey, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FOLDING ENVELOPES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for folding
envelopes. For these purposes a sliding table is used carrying two die boxes,
and the sliding table is arranged and worked in such manner as to be moved
to and fro upon a stationary table in order to bring the two die boxes alter-
nately under a plunger. The plunger descends twice into each die box; at
the first descent it creases the envelope paper by pressing it into the die box.
After the paper has thus been creased, the flaps are folded inwards by means
of springs, levers, or instruments with which each die box is provided, and at

page_text: the second descent of the plunger the folding of the flaps is completed. After
the plunger has risen for the second time, the sliding table is moved a distance
equal to that required to bring the other die box covered by a piece of
envelope paper under the plunger. This movement of the sliding table also
brings the die box in which an evelope has just been completed into a position
beyond the stationary table, which enables it to discharge such envelope into
a proper receiver. A fresh piece of envelope paper is then placed over this die
box, which will be carried by the die box under the plunger, when the sliding
table is again moved. By these means envelope paper will be folded in the
die boxes 'alternately, when the boxes are alternately brought under the
plunger.
AN IMPROVED ELASTIC FASTENING FOR GLOVES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st November 1862.-A communication from abroad by Jean Louis
Menjuc and Jean Fischer, both of No. 15, Passage des Petites Ecuries,
Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of No. 11,
Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED ELASTIC
FASTENING FOR GLOVES," (a communication to me from abroad, by Jean Louis
Menjuc and Jean Fischer, both of No. 15, Passage des Petites Ecuries, Paris,
France,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the application to a glove of any description of a
piece of elastic, such as india-rubber covered with silk or other appropriate
material, for the purpose of suppressing every description of fastening hitherto
used, such as buttons, clasps, or others more or less inconvenient. This
elastic fastening (which may be compared to one of the side springs now
commonly used in boots) is placed in that part of the glove which encloses the
wrist, and in preference beneath the hand; it preserves the shape of the glove,
and also prevents its tearing or bursting at the seams, as the glove will yield
to every motion of the hand.
IMPROVEMENTS IN POCKET AND SPRING BALANCES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Silvester, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his. Petition, on the 31st January
1862.
I, JOHN SILVESTER, of the Firm of George Salter and Company, of West
Bromwich, in the County of Stafford, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN POCKET AND
SPRING BALANCES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, in constructing pocket and other spring
balances in the following manner:-The helical or coiled spring of the
balance is connected at top with a loop by which the balance is suspended.
The cylindrical case surrounding the spring is fastened at bottom to the
bottom of the spring, and the hook on which the article to be weighed is sup-
ported is fixed to the outer side of the bottom of the said case. The loop
carries a graduated or index plate, which is situated outside the case, and on
the top of the case an index finger or pointer is fixed. When an article to
be weighed is hung on the balance the case is pulled downwards, the upper
part of the spring being exposed, the index finger traverses the graduated
index, and indicates thereon the weight of the article.
My Invention consists, secondly, of constructing pocket and other spring
balances in the following manner-The helical or coiled spring is without a
case, a loop and ring being fixed at the top, and a second loop and hook at
the bottom of the spring. An index plate is fixed to the top loop, over which

page_text: said index plate another plate connected with the lower end of the spring
slides, covering the index plate more or less. When any article is hung on
the balance and the spring elongated, the. covering plate descends in front of
the index plate, and uncovers that part of the said index plate which indicates
the weight of the article. Or the weight may be indicated by a pointer or
other indicator.
The arrangement of the case in the first described balance and of the
index plate, and apparatus for indicating the weight of articles to be weighed
in both balances, may be inverted without departing from the nature of my
Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VESSELS OF WAR AND BATTERIES ON LAND
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sandiforth Featherstone Griffin
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 21st April 1862.
I, SANDIFORTH FEATHERSTONE GRIFFIN, of New Adelphi Chambers, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VESSELS OF WAR
AND BATTERIES ON LAND," to be as follows:-
I propose to construct a strong cylindrical shaped framework containing in
a suitable position a strong gun platform. The upper part of this framework
will be dome-shaped and protected by strong armour-plates of iron or other
metal; the lower part may be carried deep into the vessel and divided (as
convenience may direct) into compartments as depôts for shot and other
munitions of war. This framework is suspended by trunnions on a strong
circular ring, and such ring (or horizontal circle) is again suspended by
trunnions similar in principle to the suspension of a ship's binnacle on a second
ring resting on the framework of the vessel, with intervening rollers admitting
of the easy rotation of the framework with its gun platform and rings by any
suitable gearing; of course more than one framework can be fixed in each
vessel and more than one gun on each framework. By these arrangements
I expect to obtain the means of keeping the gun platform parallel with the
water independently of the ship's motion and neutralize to a considerable
extent the effect of the gun's recoil and the impact of shot on the exposed part

page_text: of the framework; when a vessel is not in action (or from its being so desired)
the framework might be prevented from oscillating by suitable fastenings.
With some evident modifications the principle of the improvements herein-
before set forth may be applied to a land battery. And instead of the binnacle
principle of suspension, I may elect to use that of the cup and ball for
maintaining the equilibrium of the gun platform. The entire outer casing
of the gun platform may be lifted up and lowered by steam power, or screw
power, or other means, so that a gun or guns may be loaded from below or
while below deck line, and the platform elevated and gun pointed and dis-
charged above the line, or so to speak, on deck. For the better securing of
the framework, and for other similar uses, I propose to use a peculiar nut
fastening to secure the bolts as thus. The nut being screwed tight on the
bolt end, I drive a metal pin into the plate against the disc of the nut or into
a groove cut in the outer edge of a circular recess, into which the nut when
tightened up is partially recessed. By these means I expect to prevent the
nuts and bolts employed in fixing armour plates, or for other similar uses, from
working loose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GLOVES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Luke Richard Sykes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th March
1862.
I, LUKE RICHARD SYKES, of New Coventry Street, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN GLOVES," to be as follows:-
These improvements relate to a novel method of applying purses or money
receptacles to gloves either for ladies' or gentlemen's wear.
I propose stitching a piece of kid or other suitable elastic material, and of
convenient shape or form on the outer side of the palm of the glove, one end
of which is to be left open, and provided with an elastic fastening, or a suitable
tongue or metal fastening; or a piece of kid or other material may be
stitched all round inside the glove at the palm thereof, and an opening cut
across the palm of the glove itself the width of the piece inside, the edge of
which opening may be provided with elastic material; or a piece may be
stitched on the outside of the palm of the glove in the shape of a horse-shoe,
and a slit cut at right angles to the entrance of the purse, and a strip
of elastic material placed across the opening to prevent the escape of the coin.
But for riding or driving I propose placing the piece of material, of what-
ever shape may be desired, on the back of the rein glove, and between the
forefinger and thumb, or in the centre of the back as may be found most
convenient.
The small sovereign purse already in use may be attached to gloves of the
ordinary kind either by stitching, or any known cementing material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOFORTES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Charles Galloway at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
December 1862.
I, WILLIAM CHARLES GALLOWAY, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Pianoforte Teacher, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOFORTES," to be as follows, that is to
say:-
This Invention of improvements in pianofortes relates to contrivances or
means for modifying or softening the tone of the instrument at the will of the
performer.
In carrying out the Invention, according to one modification, there is pro-
vided a kind of curtain or a layer of a suitable soft and elastic material such as
felt, leather, or rubber, which by the action of a pedal or equivalent mechanism
can be interposed between the hammers and the strings, and which by modi-
fying the force of the hammer's stroke will produce the required softening of the
tone. The degree of modification of tone may be varied by the pedal or
equivalent action bringing the interposed material more or less near to the
hammers so as to offer more or less resistance thereto, or a similar variation
may be obtained by the interposed material being more or less stretched.
Another way of obtaining different degrees of modification of tone is by
making the interposed material of a graduated or tapering thickness, so that,
for example, as the pedal is more or less depressed a greater or less thickness
of material is interposed between the hammers and the strings.

page_text: According to another modification there is provided for interposition
between the hammers and strings a series of blade springs attached to a
rigid bar capable of adjustment by the pedal or otherwise. These springs
may be covered with a soft material on one or both sides and the degree of
their action may be varied by adjusting them to receive the hammer strokes
nearer to or further from their points.
According to a further modification tensional springs or elastic ligatures
are attached to the backs of the hammers or hammer shanks, and to a rigid
adjustable bar behind, and as such bar is adjusted further away from the
hanımers the action of the latter is proportionally more resisted or restrained
by the action of the springs and the tone is softened or modified accordingly.