Improved Manufacture of Water-proof and Weather-proof Paint.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Dec., 1897
Complete Specification Left. 29th Aug., 1898- Accepted, 8th Oct., 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Manufacture of Water-proof and Weather-proof Paint.
I, HANS LOESNER, Chemist, of Leipzig-Lindenau, in the Empire of Germany,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
1-
This invention relatos to the manufacture of oil-colours capable of resisting in
an extremely high degree the destructive action of water and of the constituents
of the atmosphere. Investigations on the possibility of protecting say iron by a
coating of oil-colour permanently against rust, and the examination of material
praised as a preventive against rust have convinced me, that the solution of this
problem has been tried hitherto, almost without exception, in an erroneous way,
and they have proved, that the methods hitherto known for examining the resist-
ing force of oil-paintings against acids could not give a really useful result, because
starting from secondary matters the pith of the question was not met.
For protecting for instance iron by means of an oil-paint against rust, it is
necessary, that the layer of colour applied be not only impervious to water, but
also completely air-tight. Each layer of colour which is not air-tight, is also not
vapour proof and as steam is always contained in the atmospheric air, this steam
will always penetrate through layers of colours which are not air-tight, and it
will always be free to act under the layer of colours in a rust producing manner.
Au oil-paint can therefore in general act in a rust preventing way only when above
all it shuts off permanently and covers the material to which it is applied in a com-
pletely air-tight manner.
Starting from this supposition I have devised the process hereinafter described
for manufacturing really weather-proof colours. To the varnish or to a drying
oil dry cement or cement and silicic acid is added, and by this means the durability
of the varnish-paint is increased in a surprising manner without prejudicing its
quality of being spread or applied. After the drying of such a colour an
absolutely impervious layer is formed which remains completely indifferent to the
influences of the constituents of the atmospheric air, and particularly to steam.
As is generally known cement hardens as soon as it is suitably wotted.
The highest degrees or qualities of hardness are obtained by adding simul-
taneously silicic acid in the form of sand or quartz as there are formed layers of
silicates which in time become as hard as stone and are completely and per-
manently impervious to air.
Making use of this scientifically irrefutable fact I spread over or apply to the
surfaces to be treated cement together with varnish the moisture of the air effect-
ing only the hardening of the cement. The colour can be applied as easily as
oil-colours and the objects painted preserve their lac-like gloss or brilliancy.
As an example of the composition of the new paint the following example is
given. To from 30 to 40 parts of varnish or to a corresponding drying oil is
added a mixture of 40 parts of cement or of 30 parts of cement and 10 parts of
ailicic acid, and furthermore from 20 to 30 parts of colouring material (such as

page_text: black, oxide-red, sulphate of barium, etc.). The quantity depends upon the
addition of colouring-bodies or material employed as many kinds of colours require
more varnish than other.
The addition of cement or of cement and silicic acid may be increased or reduced
according to the demands made upon the colour, as a mass rich in cement is of
greater strength than a mass poor in cement.
The admixture must previously be finally powdered again and very carefully
dried, as moisture penetrating into the colour prior to the painting of course
destroys prematurely the binding power of the cement. The novelty consists
therefore not in the addition (otherwise useless) to the varnish of a body, which
in itself is weather-proof, but in the combination of the drying-oil with the
cement, the latter mixed as the case may be, with silicic acid-in & form, where-
in the high binding power of the cement becomes active quly in the finished paint,
the production of an impervious layer on the painted object taking place by the
formation of a chemical combination after the drying of the oil.
For examining the effectiveness of painting carried out with colours manu-
factured according to the new process, make use of a proof by means of steam
according to the following example.
Scoured sheet-iron is painted twice uniformly with this cement-colour and dried
at ordinary temperature after each painting for five days; then it is subjected for
fifteen hours to the action of water-vapours (height above boiling water 50 mni.)
and for this purpose the sheet-iron is placed horizontally (with the painted surface
turned downwards) upon a boiling water-bath. After the layer has been soaked
by means of aniline, and the colour has been removed with a soft brush and
finally the sheet-iron dried with alcohol, the surface has been found completely
safe and undamaged. It may be mentioned that none of the ordinary colours
stands such a proof.
The action of the water-vapour during one hour is considerably more intensive
than that of rain and the like for two or three months.
Dated this 2nd day of December 1897.
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.
I, HANS LOESNER, Chemist, of Leipzig-Lindenau, in the Empire of Germany,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of oil-colours capable of resisting in
an extremely high degree the destructive action of water air und of the con-
stituents of the atmosphere. Investigations on the possibility of protecting, say
iron, by a coating of oil-colour, permanently against rust, and the examination of
materials recommended as a preventive against rust have convinced me that the
solution of this problem has been sought hitherto almost without exception, in an
erroneous way, and they have proved, that the methods hitherto known for examin-
ing the resisting force of oil-paint against acids could not give a really useful
result, because starting from secondary matters, the pith of the question was not
met.

page_text: For protecting, for instance, iron by means of an oil-paint against rust, it is
necessary that the layer of colour applied be not only impervious to water, but
also completely air-tight. A layer of colour which is not air-tight, is, also, not
vapour-proof, and as steam is always contained in atmospheric air, this steam will
always penetrate through layers of colours which are not air-tight, and it will
always be free to act under the layer of colour in a rust producing or corrosive
manner. An oil-paint can therefore, in general, act in a rust preventing way,
only when, above all it, covers the material to which it is applied in a permanently
and completely air-tight manner.
Starting from this supposition the process hereinafter described has been devised
for manufacturing really weather-proof colours. To the varnish, or to a drying
oil, dry cement or cement and silicic acid, is added, and by this means the
durability of the varnish-paint is increased in a surprising manner, without pre-
judicing its quality of being easily spread or applied. After the drying of such a
colour, an absolutely impervious layer is formed which remains completely
indifferent to the influences of the constituents of the atmosphere, and particularly
to steam. As is generally known cement hardens as soon as it is suitably wetted.
The highest degrees or qualities of hardness are obtained by adding simul-
taneously silicic acid in the form of sand or quartz, as there are thus formed layers
of silicates which in time, become as hard as stone and are completely and per-
manently impervious to air.
Making use of this scientifically irrefutable fact I spread over or apply to the
surfaces to be treated cement mixed with varnish, the moistures of the air effect-
ing only the hardening of the cement. The colours can be applied as easily as
ordinary oil-colours and the objects painted preserve their lac-like gloss or
brilliancy.
As an example of the composition of the new paint the following formula is
given. To from 30 to 40 parts of varnish or to a corresponding drying oil, is
added a mixture of 40 parts of cement or of 30 parts of cement and 10 parts of
silicic acid, and furthermore from 20 to 30 parts of colouring material (such as
black, pigment red-oxide sulphate of barium, etc.). The quantity depends upon
the addition of colouring-bodies or material employed, as some kinds of colours
require more varnish than others.
The addition of cement or of cement and silicic acid may be increased or reduced
according to the demands made upon tho colour, as a mass rich in cement is of
greater strength than a mass poor in cement.
The admixture must previously be finely powdered again and very carefully
dried, as moisture penetrating into the colour prior to the painting of course
destroy's permaturely the binding power of the cement. The novelty consists
therefore not in the addition (otherwise useless) to the varnish of a body, which in
itself is weather-proof, but in the combination of the drying-oil with the cement-
the latter mixed, if required with silicic acid in a form, wherein the high bind-
ing power of the cement becomes active only in the finished paint, the production
of an impervious layer on the painted object taking place by the formation of a
chemical combination after the drying of the oil.
For examining the effectiveness of painting carried out with colours manu-
factured according to the new process, I have made use of a test by means of
steam, as follows:-
Scoured sheet-iron was painted twice uniformly with the cement-colour, and
allowed to dry after each painting for five days at ordinary temperature: then
it was subjected for fifteen hours to the action of water-vapours (height above
boiling water 50 mm.) and for this purpose the sheet-iron was placed horizontally
(with the painted surface turned downwards) upon a bath of boiling water.
the layer had been soaked in aniline and the colour had been removed with a soft
brush, and finally the sheet iron dried with alcohol, the surface was found com-
pletely unaltered and undamaged. It may be mentioned that none of the ordinary
colours stands such a test.
After

page_text: The action of the water-vapour during one hour is considerably more intensive
than that of rain and the like for two or three months.
The expression "silicic acid" is intended to include compounds usually included
under the general term silica.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. The manufacture of weather and water-proof paint or coating material con-
sisting in the addition to varnish or drying oil of dry cement or a dry mixture of
cement and silicic acid with or without a colouring body.
2. The weather and water-proof paint or coating material substantially as
described.
DJ 11 00
Awat 1000
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.