Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for Compressing or Baling Hay and other Materials.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Oct., 1886.
Complete Left, 4th July, 1887.
Complete Accepted, 19th Aug., 1887.
RESER
Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for Compressing or
Baling Hay and other Materials.
I, HERBERT CHURCHILL CAPEL, of 24 Sandringham Road, Dalston, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention relates to baling-presses of the kind or class known as "Pepetual
Presses," that is to say, those wherein the hay or other material to be baled is fed into
a chamber open at both ends and is forced along this chamber by a ram or follower to
which reciprocating motion is imparted and which compresses a section or portion of a
bale in every forward stroke or movement of the said ram.
One object of my present invention is to facilitate the adjustment of the binding
wires, and the feeding of the machine with the hay or other material to be baled.
Presses of the kind or class above referred to are usually made of rectangular shape in
transverse section and are so arranged that their sides are vertical; and, in such
presses, the material is fed in at the top and the binding wires are placed around the
hale so that they are parallel or nearly parallel with each other.
According to one part of my present invention I so arrange the press that when it
is supported upon a horizontal plane, the sides of the baling chamber will be inclined
at an angle of about forty five degrees to the said plane, that is to say, so that the
baling-chamber rests upon one of its corners instead of upon one of its sides, and
ready access may be had to all of its sides. And I provide for binding the bales in
such a manner that the wires will cross each other at the ends thereof. It is obvious
that, by reason of the position of this press, the hopper for feeding the same will be
lower and within easier reach of a man standing upon the ground than that of a press
as heretofore used. Moreover each side of the bale is readily accessible for the
adjustment of the wires or ties.
I further provide for facilitating the feeding of the press by extending the ends of
the hopper at a suitable angle to form supports for the ends of the stalks of hay, straw,
or the like. In some instances, I enclose the spaces beneath the inclined extensions so
that they will serve as lockers or receptacles for tools or other articles.

page_text: Another object of my present invention is to provide for enabling the horse (when
the press is driven by horse-power) to travel continuously around the machine instead
of moving to and fro as heretofore. For this purpose, I employ a vertical shaft which
is fitted to rotate in suitable bearings at one end of the machine and is provided at its
lower end with a crank coupled, by means of a connecting rod, to the ram or follower.
The upper end of the said shaft is also provided with a crank, the pin of which projects
upward so that it will be acted upon by a pole as hereinafter described. This pole is
fastened in a socket fitted to rotate upon an extension of the said vertical shaft or upon
a pin or stud concentric with the said shaft, and the said pole extends over the baling
chamber. The horse is attached as usual to the free end of this pole. As the said
pole and socket are rotated upon or about the said pin or stud the pole engages with
the pin of the upper crank and partially rotates the vertical shaft, thereby compressing
the hay or other material. Immediately the lower crank has passed its "dead centre,"
the expansion of the hay or other material forces the ram or follower rapidly to the
rear end of its stroke." A considerable period of time is, therefore, available for
feeding in a fresh charge of hay or other material before the pole again engages with
the pin of the upper crank to effect another forward movement of the ram or follower.
This mechanism may be adapted to be driven by means of a steam-engine or other
motor by substituting suitable gearing for the said pole.
To increase the power of the press, I sometimes arrange the pin or stud upon which
the pole and its socket rotate, excentrically with the aforesaid vertical shaft; or upon
a different centre from that of the said shaft and connect it with the said shaft by
means of suitable gearing.
In some instances I so arrange the pole that it will be raised and lowered at different
parts of its movement by means of a wheel or roller or in any other convenient manner,
so that its end will pass freely over the heads of the attendants at one part of its
movement and will then descend to the most favorable level for utilizing the draught
of the horse.
According to another part of my invention, I so arrange the press that the position
of the baling-chamber is the same as that in presses heretofore employed, and I use,
for imparting reciprocating motion to the ram or follower, two toothed wheels which
have separate axles but whose axes are in the same straight line, and which are
provided with a common crank-pin coupled, by means of a connecting rod, to the ram
or follower, as in presses of this class heretofore constructed. But, instead of
employing the gearing ordinarily used for imparting motion to the said toothed
wheels, I provide a horizontal shaft on which are fixed two pinions gearing with the
said toothed wheels, and I fix upon the said shaft two large fly-wheel pulleys which
are to be connected by belts with the driving pulleys of the engine or motor. In
some instances, and more especially for heavy work, I prefer to fix on the said
horizontal shaft a chain-wheel which is to be connected by a driving chain with a
similar wheel on the shaft of the engine or motor.
I prefer to make the frame which supports the gearing for operating the ram or
follower in a single piece, instead of making the same in two parts which are secured
together by bolts, as heretofore. I thus ensure great rigidity of the said frame.
When the press is to be mounted upon wheels to facilitate its transport, I attach to
the bottom of the said frame a block or bearing piece the underside of which is made
concave and is fitted upon a convex casting secured to an axle upon which the wheels
are placed. These concave and convex parts are connected by a king-bolt. By
these means, I obtain a rigid fore-carriage which can be readily turned to permit the
wheels to lock under the body of the machine, and at the same time, I provide for
permitting a slight lateral movement of the press independently of the axle upon
which it is supported.
A further object of my present invention is to improve the construction of the ram
or follower. For this purpose I make the same with two longitudinal ribs or webs
instead of four as heretofore, and with a top flange formed integrally with the said
ribs or webs. I provide the said ribs or webs with bosses in which is fitted the pin
whereby the connecting rod is coupled to the ram or follower. By constructing the

page_text: said ram or follower in this manner, I am enabled to provide the same with four large
wheels or rollers and to so arrange these rollers that they are easily accessible for
lubrication or for other purposes. I make the top of the ram or follower of a single
sheet of steel or other metal which constitutes the elastic cover.
When the baling chamber is arranged diagonally as above described, I prefer to
make the ram or follower of two horizontal ribs with a space between them in which
the connecting rod works. The said ram is mounted upon rollers and the front of
the ram is provided with a suitable pressure plate.
I sometimes so construct and arrange the parts of the press that the ram or
follower will make two or more strokes in every revolution of the pole.
Another object of my invention is to improve the construction of the followers or
boards which are used to separate one bale from another bale in the baling chamber.
For this purpose I make the slots in the same, for the reception of the bale ties,
extend through nearly the entire thickness of the board, instead of only through half
the thickness thereof heretofore. The slots on the opposite sides of the board
must, in this case be out of line with each other. By making the said boards in this
manner I am enabled to provide more space for the passage of the bale-ties around
the bale without increasing the thickness of the said boards.
It is obvious that the construction of the various parts of the press may be somewhat
modified without departing from the nature of my invention.
TX
1
1002
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for Compressing or
Baling Hay and other Materials.
I, HERBERT CHURCHILL CAPEL, of 24 Sandringham Road, Dalston, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to baling-presses of the kind or class known as "Perpetual
presses," that is to say, those wherein the hay or other material to be baled is fed
into a chamber open at both ends and is intermittently pushed or forced along this
chamber by a ram or follower to which reciprocating motion is imparted and which,
in every forward stroke or movement, compresses a section or portion of a bale.
My said invention comprises various improvements hereinafter described and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which
Figure 1 is a plan.
Figure 2 a side elevation, and
Figure 3 an end elevation of a perpetual press designed to be driven by a horse or
other animal and having my present improvements applied thereto.
Figure 4 is a plan, drawn to an enlarged scale, showing details of construction.
Figure 5 is a plan.
Figure 6 a side elevation, and,
Figure 7 an end elevation showing one of my improved presses designed to he
driven by means of a steam-engine.
Figure 8 is a vertical longitudinal central section of the ram or follower shown in
Figure 6.
Figure 9 is a transverse section on the line x, x, Figure 8.
Figure 10 is a vertical section through a follower or separating board hereinafter
described.
Like letters indicate corresponding parts throughout the drawings.
A is the frame of the machine which is mounted upon wheels B. C is the baling
chamber; D the ram or follower; E the hopper or opening through which the hay or
other material is to be fed or introduced into the baling chamber.
One object of my present invention is to provide for enabling the horse (when the
press is driven by horse-power) to travel continuously around the machine, instead of
moving to and fro as heretofore. For this purpose, I construct the Imachine as
illustrated in Figures 1 to 4, that is to say, I provide a vertical shaft F which is fitted
to rotate in bearings F1 at one end of the machine, and is provided at its lower end
with a disc G formed with radial notches g. Above the said disc is an arm H which
at one end is mounted loosely on the shaft F and the other end of which is fitted
upon the pin of a crank H¹ fixed upon a short vertical shaft carried in a suitable
bearing at H. The said crank is coupled to the ram or follower D by means of the
connecting rod I. The arm H has pivotted thereto a pawl h, adapted to engage with

page_text: the notched disc G so that, although the said arm and the crank H' will be rotated
with the shaft F, they can, when necessary, be rotated independently of the said
shaft.
The upper end of the shaft F has fixed thereon a socket K¹ in which is secured one
end of a pole K. The horse is to be attached as usual to the free end of this póle, and
the said pole is so arranged, that, as the horse moves around the machine the said pole
will pass over the baling chamber C.
The baling chamber C is left open at the sides as shown to facilitate the insertion
of the wires or bale-ties and suitable screws C are provided for effecting the required
adjustment to regulate the density of the bales. By these means the said adjustment
is effected vertically instead of horizontally.
The operation of the machine illustrated in Figures 1 to 4 is as follows viz.:-The
hay or other material is fed in suitable quantities into the chamber C through the
hopper or opening E. The horse travels in the direction indicated by the arrow in
Figure 1 and thus rotates the shaft F in the same direction, as indicated by the arrow
in Figure 1. By reason of the engagement of the pawl h with the notched disc G,
the armi H and crank H³ are rotated with the shaft F, and the ram D is thus moved
forward and forces forward the hay or other material in the chamber C.
Immediately the crank H' has passed its forward "dead centre," the expansion of
the hay or other material in the chamber C forces the ram or follower rapidly back-
ward, the said crank and the arm H being thereby rotated, in the direction indicated
by the arrows, at a higher speed than the shaft F and disc G. The pawl / then enters
another of the notches in the disc G, and the ram or follower is again driven forward.
I prefer to provide a spring stop for preventing the movement of the crank beyond
its rear "dead centre when the rain is driven backward by the expansion of the
material as above described.
It will be seen that, by reason of the above described peculiar construction and
arrangement of the parts, more than one double stroke or to-and-fro movement, and,
in some instances, two or more of such strokes or movements of the ram may be
effected in each revolution of the shaft F and disc G.
It will seen, moreover, that the hopper or opening E is at one side of the press
instead of at the top thereof and is, therefore, within easier reach of a man standing
upon the ground.
It is obvious that the machine above described may, if desired, be adapted to be
driven by means of a steam-engine or other motor, by substituting suitable gearing
for the pole K and connecting the said gearing with the driving pulley of the said
engine or motor.
According to the modification of my invention illustrated in Figures 5, 6, and 7, I
provide for imparting reciprocating motion to the ram or follower, by means of two
toothed wheels L, M mounted upon separate axles one of which is shown at M¹ and
the axes of which are in the same straight line. These toothed wheels are provided
with a common crank-pin N coupled, by means of a connecting rod O, to the ram or
follower D, as in presses of this class heretofore constructed. Instead, however, of
employing the gearing ordinarily used for imparting motion to the said toothed
wheels, I provide a horizontal shaft P on which are fixed two pinions Q, Q', gearing
with the said toothed wheels L, M, respectively; and I fix upon the said shaft two
large fly wheels or driving pulleys R, R¹ which are to be connected by belts with the
driving pulleys of an engine or motor.
In some instances, and more especially for heavy work, I prefer to fix on the said
horizontal shaft a chain-wheel which is to be connected by a driving chain with a similar
wheel on the shaft of the engine or motor.
The frame S which supports the gearing for operating the ram or follower, is cast in a
single piece, instead of being formed of two parts or pieces secured together by bolts
as heretofore. Great rigidity of the said frame is thus ensured.
When the press is to be mounted upon wheels to facilitate its transport, I attach to
the bottom of the said frame S a block or bearing piece S¹ the underside of which is
made concave and is fitted upon a convex casting T secured to the axle of the

page_text: wheels B. These concave and convex parts are connected by a king-bolt. By these
means, I obtain a fore-carriage which can be readily turned to permit the
wheels to lock under the body of the machine, and, at the same time, provide
a kind of universal joint which permits a slight lateral movement or vibration
of the press independently of the axle upon which it is supported and thus diminishes
any shock or jar which may be occasioned by inequalities in the roads upon which the
press is transported.
Another object of my present invention is to improve the construction of the ram
or follower. For this purpose I make the same with two longitudinal ribs or webs d,
as shown in Figure 9, instead of with four of such ribs or webs as heretofore, and I
provide the said ram with a top flange d¹ formed integrally with the said ribs or webs.
Moreover I provide the said ribs or webs, with bosses in which is fitted the pin i
whereby the connecting rod I is coupled to the ram or follower D. By constructing
the said ram or follower in this manner, I am enabled to provide the same with four
large wheels or rollers d³, and to so arrange these rollers that they are easily accessible
for lubrication or for other purposes. I make the top of the ram of a single sheet or
plate of steel or other suitable metal, which is secured to the flange d', and I
provide the said ram with another sheet or plate d of steel or other suitable metal
which is also secured to the said flange beneath the plate d. These plates will yield
and thus prevent jamming of the hay or other material between the ram and the
forward edge of the hopper or opening E, when the said ram is moved forward.
Another object of my invention is to improve the construction of the followers or
boards which are used for separating one bale from another bale in the chamber C.
For this purpose, the slots or grooves in the said followers or boards, for the reception
of the bale-ties are made to extend through nearly the entire thickness of the board,
instead of only through half the thickness thereof as heretofore. The slots or grooves
on the opposite sides of the board must, in this case, be out of line with each other. By
making the said boards in this manner, I am enabled to provide more space for the
passage of the bale-ties around the bale without increasing the thickness of the said
boards. I prefer to make the said followers or boards as shown in Figure 10, in
which is a sheet or plate of iron or other suitable metal which is bent to form the
slots or grooves k¹ and also the flanges ³. The recesses formed between the flanges k³
and the slots or grooves ¹ are filled up with wood or other suitable material.
Another object of my present invention is to facilitate the adjustment of the
binding wires and the feeding of the machine with the hay or other material to be
baled. Presses of the kind or class above referred to have heretofore been made of
rectangular shape in transverse section and are so arranged that their sides are
vertical; and, in such presses, the material is fed in at the top and the binding wires
are placed around the bale so that they are parallel or nearly parallel with each other.
Instead of constructing and arranging the press in this manner, I sometimes so
arrange the press that, when it is supported upon a horizontal plane, the sides of the
baling chamber will be inclined at an angle of about forty five degrees to the said
plane, that is to say, so that the baling-chamber rests upon one of its corners instead
of upon one of its sides, and ready access may be had to all of its sides. And I
provide for binding the bales in such a manner that the wires will cross each other
at the ends thereof. It is obvious that, by reason of the position of this press, the
hopper for feeding the same will be lower and within easier reach of a man standing
upon the ground than that of a press as heretofore used. Moreover each side of
the bale is readily accessible for the adjustment of the wires or ties.
I further provide for facilitating the feeding of the press by extending the ends of
the hopper at a suitable angle to form supports for the ends of the stalks of hay,
straw, or the like. In some instances, I enclose the spaces beneath the inclined
extensions so that they will serve as lockers or receptacles for tools or other articles.
In some instances, I so arrange the driving wheels that they will also serve as
travelling wheels.
66
Moreover I sometimes combine, with the baling press, a so-called "tread" or
railway"."horse power" of any well known or suitable construction whereby the

page_text: motion is obtained by the horse travelling continuously upon a movable inclined
railway.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed I wish it understood that I
claim ;-
First. A perpetual baling press which is so constructed that a horse or other
animal attached to the pole thereof can travel continuously around the entire machine,
as above specified.
Second. A baling press wherein provision is made, substantially as herein before
described, for operating the ram or follower more than once in each revolution of
the driving shaft.
Third. The combination, with the driving shaft, of the notched disc fixed thereon,
the arm H and the crank H¹ fitted on the said shaft and coupled to the ram or
follower, and the pawl carried by and pivotted to the said arm, substantially as, and
for the purpose, set forth.
Fourth. The employment, in a baling press, of a frame formed of a single piece
of metal, for supporting the gearing whereby motion is imparted to the ram or follower,
substantially as, and for the purpose, set forth.
Fifth. The combination of the concave block or bearing piece at the lower end
of the frame supporting the gearing for operating the ram, and the convex piece
attached to the axle of the wheels B, substantially as, and for the purpose, set forth.
Sixth. A perpetual press the baling chamber of which is open at both sides and
wherein provision is made for vertical adjustment to regulate the density of the bales,
as and for the purpose, set forth.
Seventh. The improved ram or follower constructed substantially as described with
reference to Figures 8 and 9 of the drawings for the purpose specified.
Eighth. The improved follower or separating board constructed substantially as
herein before described for the purpose specified.
Ninth. A baling press which is so constructed that its sides, instead of being
vertical, are inclined, substantially as set forth for the purpose specified.
Tenth. The improved baling press consisting of the parts constructed and combined
substantially as described with reference to either of the forms or modifications shown
in the drawings, for the purposes specified.