IMPROVEMENTS IN CENTRIFUGAL HYDRO-EXTRACTING APPARATUS."
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Judgo Hays, of Hertingfordbury, in the
County of Hertford, and William Bennett Hays, of Ealing, in the
County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CENTRIFUGAL HYDRO-EXTRACTING APPARATUS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Judge Hays
and William Bennett Hays at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 6th February 1873.
WC, JOSEPH JUDGE HAYS, of Hertingfordbury, in the County of
Hertford, and WILLLAM BENNETT HAYS, of Ealing, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CENTRIFUGAL HYDRO-EXTRACTING APPARATUS," to be as
follows:-
In employing centrifugal apparatus for the purpose of extracting
water or other liquids from substances, it is usual to charge the revolving
vessel with the material to be operated on, and when a sufficient
quantity of fluid has been ejected by the centrifugal force of its rotation

page_text: through its porous periphery, to stop the motion, discharge the residuary
contents, and recharge the vessel with fresh matter to be operated on.
The object of our Invention is to render the centrifugal hydro-
extracting action continuous, that is to say, while the rapid rotation of
the apparatus is maintained, to feed matter to be operated on con-
tinuously at the top or at the one end of the revolving vessel, to pass
the matter longitudinally along its porous surface, and to discharge the
residuary matter continuously at the bottom or end of the rotating
vessel opposite to that where the matter is fed. For this purpose, we
mount within the rotating vessel and on the same axis with it a cylinder
or cylindrical framing, to which we impart a speed of rotation either a
little greater or a little less than that of the rotating vessel. On this
inner cylinder or cylindrical framing we fix a helical rib or scraper
projecting from it so as nearly to touch the inner periphery of tho
rotating vessel.
Into the annular space between the inner and outer cylindrical
surfaces we feed continuously the material to be operated on, which
by proper adjustment of the differential speed and pitch of the helical
scraper is thereby moved gradually along the porous surface of tho
rotating vessel, subject during its passage to the centrifugal action, and
which is ejected at the other end of the apparatus through annular or
other apertures provided for that purpose. In this manner substances,
such as moist peat may have a large portion of their moisture extracted
from them, after which they may be moulded into bricks or blocks for
fuel. In such cases we prefer to make the periphery of the revolving
vessel a strong framing or grating lined internally with fine wire gauze,
along which the peat or like matter is moved in a film by the action of
the helical scraper, a considerable quantity of the water escaping
through the meshes of the gauze, while the solid matter is retained
within the vessel till it is ejected at the outlets provided for its issue.
In like manner, substances such as grains, spent hops, and the liko
may be passed in a continuous manner through centrifugal apparatus,
such as is described above, for the extraction of moisture from them.
It may be readily understood that similar apparatus is also applicablo
to the purification of sugar, the sugar to be purified being carried ;
continuously along the rotating vessel, while the cleansing syrup or
other purifying liquid is supplied in a continuous stream to its interior

page_text: by a pipe which may be provided with a rose or have numerous small
apertures for more effectually diffusing the liquid over the matter
operated on.
The helical scraper above described may in some cases be a brush, or
have attached to it a brush of greater or less stiffness, which may be of
such length as to bear against and rub the porous periphery of the
rotating vessel, so as more effectually to clear its porcs and spread tho
matter operated on over the porous surface.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Joseph Judge Hays and William Bennett Hays in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 5th August 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, Joseph
JUDGE HAYS, of Hertingfordbury, in the County of Hertford, and
WILLIAM BENNETT HAYS, of Ealing, in the County of Middlesex, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters. Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of February, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said Joseph Judge Hays and William Bennett
Hays, Her special license that we, the said Joseph Judge Hays and
William Bennett Hays, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as we, the said Joseph Judge Hays and William Bennett
Hays, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN CENTRIFUGAL HYDRO-EXTRACTING APPARatus," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Joseph Judge Hays and William
Bennet Hays, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our, or their, hands and seals, or under the hand and scal
of one of us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be

page_text: performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Offico
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Judge Hays, on behalf
of myself and the said William Bennett Hays, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings, and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is
to say:-
In employing centrifugal apparatus for the purpose of extracting
water or other liquids from substances, it is usual to charge the revolving
vessel with the material to be operated on, and when a sufficient
quantity of fluid has been ejected by the centrifugal force of its rotation
through its porous periphery, to stop the motion, discharge the residuary
contents, and rechargo the vessel with fresh material to be operated on.
The object of our Invention is to render the centrifugal hydro-
extracting action continuous, that is to say, while the rapid rotation of
the apparatus is maintained, to feed matter to be operated on cou-
tinuously at the top or at the one end of the revolving vessel, to pass
the matter longitudinally along its porous surface, and to discharge the
residuary matter continuously at the bottom or end of the rotating
vessel opposite to that where the matter is fed. For this purpose we
mount within the rotating vessel and on the same axis with it a cylinder
or cylindrical framing, to which we impart a speed of rotation cither a
little greater or a little less than that of the rotating vessel. On this
inner cylinder or cylindrical framing we fix a helical rib or scraper
projecting from it so as nearly to touch the inner periphery of the
rotating vessel.
Into the annular space between the inner and outer cylindrical
surfaces we feed continuously the material to be operated on, which
by proper adjustment of the differential speed and pitch of the helical
scraper is thereby moved gradually along the porous surface of the
rotating vessel, subject during its passage to the centrifugal action, and
which is ejected at the other end of the apparatus through annular or
other apertures provided for that purpose. In this manner substances,
such as moist peat, may have a large portion of their moisture extracted

page_text: from them, after which they may be moulded into bricks or blocks for
fuel. In such cases we prefer to make the periphery of the revolving
vessel a strong framing or grating lined internally with fine wire gauze,
along which the peat or like matter is moved in a film by the action
of the helical scraper, a considerable quantity of the water escaping
through the meshes of the gauze while the solid matter is retained
within the vessel till it is ejected at the outlets provided for its issuc.
In like manner, substances such as grains, spent hops, and the like
may be passed in a continuous manner through centrifugal apparatus
such as is described above, for the extraction of moisture from them.
It may be readily understood that similar apparatus is also applicable
to the purification of sugar, the sugar to be purified being carried
continuously along the rotating vessel, while the cleansing syrup or
other purifying liquid is supplied in a continuous stream to its interior
by a pipe which may be provided with a rose or have numerous small
apertures for more effectually diffusing the liquid over the matter
operated on.
The helical scraper abovo described may in some cases be a brush, or
lavo attached to it a brush of greater or less stiffness, which may be of
such length as to bear against and rub the porous periphery of the
rotating vessel, so as more effectually to clear its pores and spread the

page_text: greater than that at which the vessel A is driven, according to the
direction of rotation and the inclination of the helical rib e, in such
manner that materials to be operated on being supplied at the upper
part of the revolving vessel shall be moved by the action of the liclical
ribe, due to its different speed of rotation, downwards along the porous
surface until they reach apertures a at the bottom, when they are
discharged into a vessel D provided for their reception. The liquid
strained out of the materials by the centrifugal action escapes through
which may
the pores of the periphery a and is collected in a vessel E,
a strong wooden tub, as shown in Fig. 1, and thence run off by a pipe
in any convenient direction.
scraper
bc
The desired differential speed of rotation may be imparted to the helical
in various ways. One mode of effecting it is represented in the
Drawings, and may be described as follows:-The vertical spindle B is
carried up above the basket and steadied at top in a bearing on the
framing of the apparatus F. On the spindle B is fixed a drum G, and
on the tubular shaft c is fixed a drum H. Two double drums K are
fixed on axes parallel to the axis of A, and these axes are mounted in
slides L which are connected by rods M to crank pins on discs N. From
these discs arms project against which bear helical springs O provided
with adjusting nuts. It will be seen that the springs O in tending to
expand press the discs N in the direction of the arrow, whereby through
the crank pins and connecting rods M the drums K are drawn equally
inwards towards the axis, so that they press against the drums G and II
on opposite sides thereof. Thus by frictional pressure the drum G when
rotating will cause the drums K to rotate, and these will cause the
drum H to rotate, the pressure being so balanced by arranging tho
drums K on opposite sides that it produces no strain on the central
shaft. The drums G, H, and K are made somewhat different in diameter
so that the speed of rotation of the drum II and of the helical scraper to
which it is connected is somewhat greater or less than that of the shaft B
and of the rotating vessel A.
Although we have represented the improved hydro-extracting apparatus
as working on a vertical axis, it might be arranged on an axis horizontal
or inclined, as may be readily understood.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and in what
manuer the same is to be performed, we claim, the combination with
a centrifugal hydro-extractor of a helical scraper or brush driven at a

page_text: differential speed so as to move the materials operated on longitudinally
along the porous surface, substantially as bercin described.
of our
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Judge Hays, have hercunto
set my hand and scal, this Fifth day of August, in the ycar
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.