IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR EVAPORATING LIQUIDS
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Williain Frank Browne of 67 Strand in the City of
Westminster for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS AND
APPARATUS FOR EVAPORATING LIQUIDS
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Frank Browne at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th July 1882.
WILLIAM FRANK BROWNE of 67 Strand in the City of Westminster
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR EVAPORATING LIQUIDS
This Invention relates to an improved Method or Process and the necessary
Works or Apparatus, which can be made Stationary or Portable, for the manufacture
of Syrups and Sugar from Saccharine juices and also to the mode of evaporating
liquids from organic or inorganic matter or substances which may be held in
solution or suspension in said liquids.
The Invention consists:-
•
First, In the portable character of all the necessary Machinery, Apparatus and
Appliances for the manufacture of syrups and sugar on the field or plantation where
the sugar cane grows.
Second, In the material, construction and arrangement of Portable Rollers and
Motive Power and their necessary adjuncts for the purpose of expressing the juice
from the cane-stalks on the field or plantation where said cane has been grown.
Third, In the arrangement of a series of interchangeable strainers, for straining
and partially filtering the saccharine juices immediately after expressure from the
cane-stalks.
Fourth, In Improvements in Portable or Stationary or Defecating tanks or
receivers for defecating the saccharine juices immediately after leaving the
strainers.
Fifth, In an interchangeable and continuous Filtering Device for filtering the
defecated saccharine juices while being drawn or transferred from the defecating
tanks to an evaporating apparatus.
Sixth, In the process and means or apparatus for heating the defecated or
defecated and filtered saccharine juices prior to the exit of said juices from said

page_text: apparatus into a suitable receiver where a required amount of the aqueous liquid is
eliminated from the said saccharine matter.
Seventh, In automatically discharging the semi-syrup or saccharine product
from the receiver into an evaporating pan or pans.
Eighth, In the process and arrangement of suitable devices for conducting steam
which has been eliminated from the saccharine juices, through a suitable device or
devices arranged in or about the evaporating pan or pans.
Ninth, In a combined evaporating pan and clarifyer or in an evaporating pan
which will evaporate and automatically clarify the saccharine juices and syrup.
Tenth, In a stationary or Portable Quintuple Effect Evaporating Apparatus for
evaporating the aqueous liquid from saccharine juices.
Eleventh, In the process of heating the saccharine juices prior to the elimination
of steam therefrom and discharging the heated saccharine juices into a separator
where a required amount of aqueous liquid is evolved into steam, whilst the
saccharine matter and the aqueous liquid which is required to be retained is
discharged into suitable evaporating pan or pans, device or devices where the
evaporation of the residual or remaining aqueous liquid is continued by means of
suitable heating devices arranged in or about said evaporating device or devices.
Twelfth, In a spiral chanueled evaporating pan or device, with a heating device
arranged therein, or about said spiral channel and a means for automatically
skimming the saccharine juices or syrups while passing or flowing through said
spiral channel.
13th In the Process or mode, and means for heating saline liquids or any
liquid substances, which contain soluble matter or any matter or liquid matter or
substance which may have a greater specific gravity than the liquid with which it
is combined therewith, and then discharging said saline liquids or any other liquid
substance containing soluble matter into a suitable receiver or chamber where the
aqueous or other liquid products are eliminated from the matter or substances
having a greater specific gravity than the aqueous or other liquid matter or
substances; after which the residual substance to be recovered is discharged into
suitable receiving chambers or devices where a further elimination of the volatile
elements is continued by means of suitable heating devices, arranged therein or
thereabouts, until the required results are produced.
The object of the improvements herein described, are to economize in labor,
transportation and fuel, and to make a better grade or quality of syrup and sugar
than has been done heretofore, and to save a great amount of saccharine matter
which has always heretofore been lost, in consequence of the unavoidable delay in
transporting the cane to the mills now in use, by fermentation within the stalk
and also after the juice is expressed therefrom.
In tropical countries where the atmosphere is very moist and the heat is great,
the cane juice commences to deteriorate or ferment immediately after the stalk is
cut, and unless it can be worked up immediately after cutting it will be unfit for
the purpose of producing sugar. Sometimes the entire crop is lost from the above
named causes and frequently one half of the crop perishes for the want of available
means to expedite and put the saccharine properties beyond the destructive
influence of a heated and humid atmosphere.
Now to obviate the loss as above set forth, or at least seventy-five per cent of
it, the cane juice must be expressed from the stalk and evaporated on or near the
plantation where it grows, which can be effected, and a higher grade of syrup
produced and a greater percentage of crystallizable sugar obtained therefrom when
done by the Quintuple Effect Portable Sugar Works.
These works are made compact, and as light as possible, mounted upon wheels,
and drawn from place to place as circumstances may require.
When a crop of cane comprises many acres, the Works can be moved about from
point to point over said plantation, and the saccharine product extracted from the
cane without loss from fermentation, or from hauling the cane a too long distance
from the place of cutting.

page_text: In order to produce or obtain the desirable results as above mentioned, the
system or method, processes and means heretofore employed have had to be
improved in each and every step in the manufacture of syrup and sugar, and said
means have had to be constructed and arranged in a manner whereby they are
made portable.
The rollers for crushing the cane stalks are made hollow and of cast steel, and
also the necessary adjuncts pertaining thereto are made of cast steel, and in such
form that the parts will offer a maximum of resistance to a minimum amount of
metal, and also the same may be said of the motive power and motor which drives
the rollers. The rollers belonging to this apparatus, and as shown in the drawing,
are designed to express about seven thousand gallons of juice per working day,
and it is practical to construct a set of rollers to express from two to three times
this amount and still possess the portable feature, while on the other hand a set of
rollers and the necessary adjuncts thereto as now constructed and used, and of
equal capacity would be entirely impractical when considered in the light of
portability.
After the juice is expressed it runs through a series of strainers or filters, from
thence into defecators. This apparatus is provided with three defecators, so that
by the alternate actions, the process of defecation will be constant while the cane
juice is being expressed, and also simultaneously with the process of evaporating
the defecated juice; after the defecated juice leaves the defecators it may or may
not run through a series of filters and clarifiers which are arranged in a set of
alternate filtering and clarifying devices; these filtering devices can be employed
in any number required, or of any required area, whereby the above process of
filtering and clarifying can be so proportioned that a sufficient quantity of clarified
juice can be obtained to afford a constant supply for the evaporating apparatus.
The method, process and means herein described, and employed for evaporating
saccharine juices, differs greatly from other methods, processes and means
heretofore used. In the old method the juices and syrups are boiled or evaporated
in open pans or kettles, or vacuum pans, or cylinders, placed over a fire, or by
heated currents of air, or products of combustion, or by means of steam, air, or hot
water passing through suitable devices placed in contact with the substance to be
evaporated. In all of these devices, the saccharine juices are boiled until the
aqueous liquid is evaporated away from the saccharine and while this evaporation
is in process, fresh supplies of juice are added thereto, until the syrup nearly fills
the pan. Therefore in consequence of this method of evaporating the saccharine
juices, the saccharine matter contained therein is subject to a continued heat, which
tends to injure the product by carbonization or caramellization. The quality of
the syrup and its tendency to crystallization depends greatly upon the condition
of the cane stalk, the heat and humidity of the atmosphere. When the stalk is
cut and allowed to remain exposed to the heat and moisture, fermentation sets in,
and deteriorates the juice which after expressure therefrom requires an alkaline
substance to correct the acidity; as this alkaline substance cannot be evaporated
away, in remains in the syrup, and by its caustic principle and the heat used for
evaporation, the syrup becomes blackened and also the crystals derived therefrom.
When the sugar works or mill is located at a considerable distance from the
plantation or plantations, the cane juice deteriorates or ferments while in transit,
and owing to accidents, bad roads, inclement weather, and other causes it will
have to lay upon the plantation or at the mill, until it is unfit for use; in
consequence of the above enumerated defect, the loss to the planter is great, and
also in many instances to the manufacturer. Now to obviate the above described
defects, and losses, the system, or method of making sugar must undergo a radical
change, all of which is accomplished by the Portable Sugar Works.
The process and method herein adopted for evaporating saccharine juices differs
from the old means, and method above described, in the following manner. To wit:--
The Saccharine juice is forced by a pump or other means in a constant stream or
streams into a heating device, which is composed of a series of coiled pipes of any

page_text: suitable shape or size; said coils are so arranged that the juice will pass from one
to another throughout the series, and finally discharge their contents, from the ends
of one, two, or more of said coils, into a receiver or receivers of any suitable
construction-The juice after entering the coil, or coils, never ceases to circulate
while in transit through said coils, and not until it is discharged into said receiver. 5
While the juice is passing through the coils it is becoming gradually heated until
discharged therefroin, and a constant supply is being forced therein, equal to the
amount which is simultaneously discharged therefrom, no separation or elimination
of steam can take place within said coils, therefore the saccharine juice must
remain in a liquid state, although heated far above the degree of heat required to 1
generate steam, consequently the saccharine matter must remain in its occluded
state, until discharged into the receiver, or receivers; in consequence of this
occlusion, the aqueous liquid will protect, and keep the saccharine matter from
carbonizing even when submitted to a very high degree of heat. In all of the old
means or devices heretofore used for heating and evaporating saccharine juices, the
steam is made to pass away as rapidly as possible, simultaneously with the heating
of the juices, thus allowing the saccharine matter, which is of greater specific
gravity than the aqueous, to descend to the bottom of the pan or device, and there
receive and transmit the heat to expel the aqueous liquid above, hence the
carbonization or caramellization of the syrup. But by the new process of heating
a constantly flowing or moving current of saccharine juice through an enclosed
channel or channels, and under pressure, no separation of the aqueous liquid or
precipitation of the saccharine matter can take place, until it is discharged into the
roceiver, separator, or expansion chamber; and as there is no auxilliary beat
applied to said receiver, carbonization cannot be effected at this stage of the
operation, and also as the juice is excluded from the air, from the time it enters
the defecating tanks, no oxydization can take place. The juice should acquire in
the heating device a sufficient degree of heat to expel or evolve from one half to
two thirds of the aqueous liquid, after being discharged into the receiver, separator
or expansion chamber, and the residue which remains with the saccharine matter,
will be discharged from the separator, receiver, or expansion chamber into a
suitable evaporating device, or devices and be heated therein by suitable means
which may conduct steam previously eliminated from the heated saccharine juice
in the receiver, separator or expansion chamber
This steam after separation in said receiver or chamber passes into a dome
located in or about the heating device, after which it can be used to continue
the evaporation of the residual aqueous liquid while circulating through a spiral
channeled evaporating pan, or a series of pans, which may or can be vacuum or
partial vacuum pans as circunstances require.
Should the steam not be hot enough to complete the evaporation in the pans, it
can be made to pass through a super-heater within the furnace prior to entering
the heating device, in or around the evaporating pan or pans. Steam can be
conducted from a steam generator located near, by, or at a distance from the pans,
which may be the case in Stationary Works.
One important desideratum which can be effected by the means employed is, in
obtaining steam at a pressure sufficient to run the engine which drives the crushing
rollers, which can be done providing the heat does not effect the crytallization of
the syrup.
As the duration of the time that the juice is subjected to the extreme heat is so
short, not exceeding five minutes, it is highly probable that the saccharine matter
will not be effected, the same as when subjected to long and constant boiling, as is
done in the ordinary way.
The quantity of steam eliminated from the saccharine juice is more than
sufficient to run the engine for crushing the cane. The means employed are
sufficient to produce the result and will be successful, providing the saccharine
matter is not injured, which, by the occlusion, will pass through the heater without
carbonizing.

page_text: The exhaust steam from the engine, can be utilized to heat the defecating juice,
and also to continue the evaporation in the pans, but if not hot enough to be made
available for that purpose it can be made to pass through a super-heater prior to
its entering the heating devices in or about the evaporating pans.
The pump can be run by the steam eliminated from the saccharine juices. In
case the motive power for crushing the cane can be derived from the aqueous
liquid within the saccharine juice great economy will be effected.
The most important feature in connection with the evaporating apparatus is the
process of forcing the saccharine juice or other liquids containing matter to be
separated therefrom, continuously while under pressure, through a suitable heating
device, wherein no evaporation or elimination of steam, or any expansion of the
aqueous liquid in the saccharine juice or other liquids containing matter to be
separated therefrom, can occur, until said saccharine juice is ejected or discharged
from said heating device into a suitable separator, receiver or expansion chamber
after which the expansion and elimination of steam is effected by virtue of the high
degree of heat imparted thereto while passing through said heating device.
When liquids containing salt or other solid matter are to be evaporated there-
from, the form of the evaporating pans or chambers should be changed to meet the
requirements of the different substances to be recovered. Thus, salt or alkalies and
other analagous substances should be discharged into suitable open pans which
may be provided with a surrounding space for the admission of steam, hot air or
water to continue the evaporation to dryness when desirable, and also the
discharging pipes of the heating device can project into a suitable open chamber
and the contents of the heating device discharged therein, thus allowing a free
elimination of steam therefrom, which passes from the chamber whilst the salts or
solid matter remain upon the floor. This floor should be higher in the centre than
at the circumference, or inclined in a suitable manner for the purpose of allowing
a free drainage of the remaining liquid from the solid matter.
When organic matter is to be recovered, concentrated or separated from liquids,
vacuum or partial vacuum pans, with or without spiral channels and heating coils
therein, should be employed, the intermediate chambers can be dispensed with and
the end of the discharging coil or coils, conduit or conduits, can be connected
directly with the evaporating pan or pans, as circumstances may require.
Figure 1, is a side elevation of a set of rollers for crushing sugar cane, the motor
for driving said rollers and tanks for defecating the juice expressed from said cane,
all of which are mounted on wheels for the purpose of being drawn from place
to place.
Figure 2, is a vertical longitudinal section of Figure 1, showing the internal
construction of the rollers and defecating tanks.
Figure 3, is a longitudinal section taken on a plane passing through the king-
roller wheel and supporting frame.
Figure 4,--is an end elevation of the crushing rollers and frame.
Figures 5 and 6,--are views representing the connecting tensile pressure bars
which connects the journals of the king roller with the adjustable pressure nut
Figure 7, is a side elevation of the crushing rollers showing the gear connection
between the main driving shaft and the king roller.
Figure 8, is a side elevation of an apparatus for evaporating saccharine juices.
Figure 9, is a vertical longitudinal section showing the internal parts of view
shown in Figure 8.
Figures 10 and 11,--are horizontal broken sections showing the defecating tanks
and their connection with the evaporating apparatus.
Figures 12, 13 and 14, are sectional views showing the internal arrangements of
filtering and clarifying device interposed between the defecators and evaporating
pparatus.
Figure 15,-represents a view showing an interchangeable filtering and clarifying
device.

page_text: Figure 16, is a plan view of an evaporating pan with the cover removed, showing
the arrangement of a spiral channel coil and an automatic skimming device.
Figure 17, is a central vertical section of the same.
Figure 18, is a sectional view of a device for blowing off the steam from the
evaporating pan.
Figure 19,—is a vertical central sectional view of a heating device for heating
liquids containing organic or inorganic matter to be recovered in a dessicated,
plastic or other concentrated form.
Figure 20, is a central sectional view of a chamber, separator, or receiver, into
which the substance to be recovered is discharged from the heating device and
wherein the process of evaporating is continued by the application of auxilliary
heat.
Figure 21, is a vertical sectional view showing the heating device and a chamber
into which the contents thereof is discharged, for the purpose of eliminating the
volatilized or evolved aqueous or liquid matter.
Figure 22, is a sectional plan view of the heating device and evaporating
chambers or pans.
Figure 23, is an external view of the heating device and evaporating chambers
showing the manner of connecting the discharge pipes of the heating device with
the said evaporating chambers.
Figure 24, is a vertical sectional view of a spiro-convoluted evaporating pan.
Figure 25, is a vertical sectional view of a spiro-convoluted evaporating pan
showing a steam heating coil arranged in the convolutions and over which the
liquid to be evaporated passes.
Figure 26, is a plan view of the spiro-convoluted evaporating pan with the cover
removed.
Figure 27, is a plan view of the spiro-convoluted evaporating pan with the cover
in position.
Figure 28, is a vertical sectional view of three spiro-convoluted evaporating pans
mounted over a furnace,
Figures 29, 30, 31, 32 and 33,-are views representing the feed water and
circulating device, which connects with the ends of the conduits in the heating
device.
Figure 34, is a vertical sectional view of a heating device showing a single coil
or conduit.
Figure 35,-is a vertical sectional view of a heating device in which a helical coil
is represented with an internal perforated coil therein.
Figure 36,-is a coil in which an internal perforated pipe is shown and through
which the steam escapes from the generating coil.
Figure 37, is a coil in which a portion of the internal pipe is represented as being
cut away, thus exposing two ends through which the steam enters on its passage
out of the outer coil.
Figure 88, is a heating and evaporating device.
Figure 39, is an evaporating pan.
Figure 40, is a horizontal section and plan of a heating and evaporating device.
Like letters and figures of reference denote corresponding parts in all of the
illustrations. A in Figures 1 and 2 are the side of a carriage or frame work mounted
upon wheels; the side of this frame should be made of iron and also the cross or
connecting bars, although other material can be used. B is the frame supporting
the crushing rollers; this frame is made very light and from cast steel, the two
ends are a duplicate of each other; their bottoms or feet are planed or made true
and bolted to the planed surface of the top flanges of the sides A. The cross
bar QFigure 7, at the bottom of the frame strengthens it and also the cross
bar A' at the top.
of
✗³ Figure 3, are flanges on the ends of the king roller C₁, for the purpose
extending over and covering the edges of the two lower rolls E at the point o
contact, whereby the cane stalks are kept from pressing off the ends of said

page_text: rollers; these rollers are made hollow as shown by the shell C¹ and the open
space C.
ex is a web or brace, and ey holes therein; this web is for the purpose of
strengthening the shell C; D is a shaft running through the central opening C
and with journals ea extending through the roller; these rollers, shaft and journals
are all made in one piece from cast steel.
D', Figure 2, is a bar placed between the rollers to keep the crushed cane from
dropping between the lower rollers on to the sluice or apron E¹, which conducts
the cane juice into the straining device R, which is provided with a series of
interchangeable strainers R¹; a is wire gauze or any other suitable material
through which the juice is strained, Q' is a compartment for receiving the strained
juice and S is a pipe for conducting said juice away.
B' B¹, Figures 2 and 4 are brackets or arms cast with, or bolted to opposite sides
of the frame B and are for the purpose of supporting the rollers and wheels M*
and F which drives the cane carrier F' and megasse carrier L³.
The cane carrier is made adjustable by means of standards H, the upper ends
of which are pivoted to the sides of the carrier frame G, while the lower end is
provided with holes I, pin I' and sill H¹. G' is a roller supported by the
standards H and is for the purpose of supporting the slack or underside of the
cane carrier belt F¹.
J, J are belts or chains for driving the cane and megassé carriers F' and L³;
these belts are driven by wheels or pullies e v', which are secured to the ends of
the journals, on the two lower rollers as seen in rear elevation, Figure 7. .M², M²
represent the friction and supporting rollers over and around which the belts L³
moves, K² are the sides of a frame for supporting the rollers and preventing the
megassé from working off over the sides of the carrier; I' is a shute for projecting
the megassé beyond the apparatus.
The frame K is supported by standards J; U are journal bearings for the
rollers Ms secured to the sides of the frame K²,
Motion is given to the rollers and carriers by the engine L; O is the piston,
and O the tappet bar which operates the valve by means of the rod P and
tappet Pl, one end of the piston is supported by the bearing K, this piston is
provided with two slots which embrace the pins which are connected to two
vertical levers M', these levers rotate about the shafts b d, their lower ends are
provided with pawls which work a ratchet wheel of the same diameter as the
pitch line on the toothed wheels M; these wheels are made to revolve by the
motion of the piston and transmit the power of the engine to the wheel N', which
is splined to the axle N; thus it will be observed that the wheels can be revolved
by the motor L'and made to carry the apparatus over ordinary roads or about
plantations, although when steam is not available, the apparatus can be drawn
by animal power when expedient and also when the ground is too soft to support
the apparatus, broad shoes of suitable material can be placed beneath the wheels,
after which the apparatus can be drawn to the point desired when sufficient power
is applied.
The gear wheel N¹, or the pinion which works into it, should be made to work
in and out of contact with each other as circumstances require.
Motion is given to the king wheel Y* and roller C₁ by means of the pinion C₂,
on shaft b d and an intermediate wheel Z. This intermediate wheel is held in
position by the boss em, which is cast with the frame B and pin or bolt e-ɩ, and
nut en, as shown in Figures 1 and 2.
The two lower rollers E are driven by the wheel Ws, working into the two
wheels or pinions V2; the diameters of the pitch line of these wheels coincide
with the diameters of the three rollers, in consequence of which their surface
movement is the same; ev, in Figures 4 and 7 are bolts for regulating or varying
the lateral distance between the top or king roller and the two bed rollers. By
this means the space between the king and bed roller next to the cane carrier
can be increased to suit the condition of the cane stalks which may vary in size.

page_text: and hardness in different climates. The distance between the king and bed roller
next to the megassé carrier is diminished in a ratio corresponding to the increase
on the opposite side, consequently by this arrangement any desired impingement
can be brought to bear upon the last contact on the cane.
The vertical adjustment of the king roller is obtained by the tensile rods or
bars e h, which are provided with screw threads ej on their lower ends, and heads
b. p on their upper ends, these heads are provided with openings as seen in
Figure 5 and projections b m, against which the regulating screws ev impinge,
the faces of these projections are made broad enough to insure contact with the
adjusting screws during any vertical adjustment of the king roller, which is done
by turning the nuts e b and bringing the bearings ev upon the journals e z.
The tensile bars eh passes through the bosses eg, which are cast with the
frame B: into the lower end of the boss a guide bearing ef is fitted, the lower
face of which is made convex; to this surface a concave bearing ed fits and moves
thereon when a lateral movement is given to the king roller. Between the concave
bearings and the nuts eb, the springs e c are placed for the purpose of yielding
and allowing the king roller to rise when a substance too hard to be crushed is
introduced by accident or otherwise; the springs er inserted between the
collars es and bosses eg may be employed to elevate the king roller when the
pressure is relieved by the nut ej, thus keeping the rollers apart while being
transported from place to place. If the spring should not be used for this purpose
it would be a good plan to insert some substance like sheet rubber between the
rolls while in transit, thus preventing the concussion of the rollers. bn represents
an open space beneath the journals ez, which can be filled with a wooden bearing
or block, and taken out when the bearing eu is to be replaced; this bearing is
provided with suitable end flanges which prevents any lateral movement, and also
it can be made from any suitable metal; blare bosses cast to the frame B through
which the adjusting screws are turned.
bk are two journals projecting from the bed rollers E and rest in the
bearings cw; these bearings rest in sliding devices bj and are caused to be moved
by the screws eq, these screws are provided with a collar which is covered by the
cap bh, thus allowing said screws to turn without an advancing or receding
movement and when turned, to cause the two rollers E to be brought into
alignment with each other; bi are bosses cast to the frame to give additional
strength.
bg is a re-inforcement cast upon the outside of the frame B, and is for the purpose
of giving additional strength at the point where the cross bar Q is connected;
bf are collars for adjusting to the bearings d in which the axle N revolves; bc are
collars against which the wheels turn; d are pieces of metal cast or otherwise
formed with projections to receive the axle N, and the shafts bd; they should be
fitted with planed joints to the underside of the flanges on the sides of the
frame A.
U, in Figures 1 and 2 represents three tanks for defecating saccharine juices;
these tanks are mounted on wheels and are in position to be moved from place to
place. A² are standards, secured to the frame-work and enclose the tanks; these
standards rise above the top of the tanks, and are connected by a triangular
supporting device Z at their top ends; at the centre of this device, a hub is formed
over the centre of the tanks. Through this hub the end of the screw shafts
project, to this end the handle Z' is attached, the lower end of this screw terminates
in a nut seen in sectional view Figure 2; this nut is secured to a pipe X, which is
screwed into a hub which forms the centre of the radiating arms W on the bottom
of the tanks. This device is for the purpose of elevating the tanks in the position
shown in Figure 1, ready for removal and to lower the tanks when wanted for use
as shown in Figure 2.
U is a cylinder resting upon brackets or supports W₁ which are secured to the
tank U; the top of the cylinder is provided with a perforated rim V which
inclines upward to about three fourths of its width and then curves downward

page_text: and terminates in a band which extends to the top edge of the tank U or there-
abouts, thus an annular recess V' is formed.
T represents two helical coils located within the cylinder U₁; the outlet of the
coils is at the bottom and the inlet for the steam is at the Ell fittings T, at the top
of the tank; these fittings are connected to a T fitting on the exhaust pipe L¹
by suitable flexible pipe connections which are provided with suitable valves for
regulating and cutting off the flow of steam in the coils T¹.
B is an overflow pipe leading from the recess V₁ and is for the purpose of
carrying off the scum which rises on the surface of the saccharine juices in the
tanks; the stop-cock C¹ is to be closed when the scum does not overflow.
S' are sockets secured to the sides of the frame A, the object being to support
a skeleton frame J, which can be covered with canvass, to protect the machinery and
apparatus from inclement weather.
N2 is the forward axle and O' the king bolt passing through the rocker.
Qis a platform for a man to stand upon to steer the apparatus by the steering
device E G³ H' and R' when driven by steam.
In Figures 8 and 9, BA represents an external, and vertical sectional views of a
heating apparatus for heating defecated saccharine juices above the heat required
for generating steam, prior to the discharge of said juices from said heating
apparatus, which is constructed of suitable coils n of pipe and of any desired
number. The coils herein shown are spiral and coiled in horizontal planes and
arranged one above another, and are supported by suitable projections or lugs o
secured to the interior of the case or shell; the ends am and ƒ project parallel to
each other through the case as shown in horizontal section, Figure 10.
The ends am of the coils are connected to a circulating stand pipe af, while the
ends f¹ with the exception of the two upper ones are connected to the circulating
stand pipe ae and the separator g2 by means of the right and left couplings a i
and e, nipples an, and close nipples av, fand e¹, and also globe valves al, and
check valves e. The five lower coils are provided with the check valvės e¹ and
globe valves al, which are employed to check the flow of the juice into a coil or a
return of the juice or semi-syrup into the coils from the separator g³, whenever one
of the coils should become worn away by the action of the heat.
When a case of
this kind does occur, the right and left couplings ai and e can be removed, the
doors opened and the defective coil taken out and replaced by a duplicate, and
connected, after which turn the globe valve al and the circulation will be
completed; all of the coils can be provided with these valves, but as the heat is
not sufficient to injure the coils above the fifth one, it is not necessary to introduce
them.
ad and ac are the feed connections which consist of fittings and two pipes
which connect with a steam pump, which is provided with two water cylinders br
and a steam cylinder Y* as seen in Figure 10.
The circulating stand pipes, a fand a c, are divided up into separate compart-
ments or passages for the purpose of keeping the two streams apart until they are
discharged into the separator 9³, where they unite; The steam which separates
therefrom flows through pipe d into the dome b³, from whence it is taken
through pipes g, g₁, and c¹. The condensed steam returns to the separator g³,
through the pipe a³; a³ are supporting braces which support the dome from the
top flange of the case or shell; c³ is a flue space between the dome and shell d';
at is the pressure gauge to indicate the pressure within the heating apparatus;
ag is the furnace door, and aj the furnace.
ar is a Tee fitting connected by a close nipple to the bottom of the separator g³;
h is a nipple forming a connection between the separator g³ and the stand pipe m,
by means of Tee fittings o' and a close nipple which joins the cap or head h;
to the run of the fitting o³ a fitting ag is screwed, the upper side of the fitting is
provided with a valve seat and valve o' thereon, to this valve the rod n¹is attached
and passes through the float, which causes the valve to rise and fall in accordance
with the heighth of the saccharine matter within the pipe m; m² is a cap covering

page_text: the said pipe m; m¹ is a shield for the purpose of protecting the rod n'and tube n²;
h¹ is a pipe connecting the separator g³ to the stand pipe m, for the purpose of
equalizing the pressure and allowing the float to act freely.
p is a pipe, 9 a check valve and 2 a globe valve forming a connection
between the stand pipe m and evaporating pan 1Ep, which has an inverted
conical bottom q', and also evaporating pans 2 Ep; p³ is a spiral coil for heating
saccharine juices or semi-syrups. The steam which flows through this coil is
conducted thereto from the dome through pipes g¹ and k¹. The exhaust is through
the nozzle into an ejector 2. This ejector is provided with a plug cock i which
is closed when the pans are to be cleaned by steam. K* represents the partition
plate which forms a spiral channel from the centre to the circumference of the pans;
these divisions should be about three inches apart and the bottom of the channel
should incline enough to cause the juices, semi-syrup or syrups to flow and
discharge itself in a ratio equal to the supply. As the supply may vary somewhat,
a valve can be fixed on the discharge pipe S and be made to control the discharge
in accordance with said supply.
✓ are spiral coils placed in the spiral channels, a plan of which is shown
in Figure 16. The object of the coil is to heat the flowing saccharine juices, semi-
syrup or syrups as it flows down the inclined spiral channel; The steam for this
coil is conducted from the dome or other place or places through the pipes g'
and . The nipple and valve 4 are for draining the coil and upper pipes; 7 are
covers for the pans and they are provided with flanges and are bolted tightly to
the flanges on the evaporating pans. A glass is inserted in these covers as shown
in sectional view at NO and PQ, Figure 17. By means of these covers 7, a vacuum
or partial vacuum is formed by the steam jet or it can be done by a vacuum
pump. The outlet or exhaust for the coil is through the pipes q and r or by
closing valve 7 and opening valve 8, the steam will pass through pipe j¹³, p³, and
nipple a, into the coil in evaporating pan 2 Ep, the steam now passes through
this coil and is discharged through the pipe q² and u, or by closing valve 13 the
steam will pass through u³ and valvo 12 into coil and be discharged from nozzle j
through ejector ³ in pan. 3 Ep.
The steam for coil p² in pan 2 Ep is conducted through pipes g¹, x³, and
discharged from the nozzle j into and from ejector 2ª.
The saccharine juices or semi-syrup in pan 1 E p, is discharged into stand pipe t,
the bottom of this pipe is provided with suitable fittings and with a valve seat
therein and valve t thereon; this valve is provided with a rod which con-
nects it with the float sn, so that when the saccharine matter raises the float the
pressure in pan 1 Ep, will force it out into the bottom of pan 2 Ep, by the way of
pipe u, where it rises and overflows into the spiral channel, and is discharged
through the connection v and through pipes into pan 3E p, where it flows
down the spiral channel to the discharge pipe w'.
W is a pipe and 14 a valve for draining the pipe v' and spiral channel in
pan 2 Epi
the bottom of this pan can be drained by opening valve 11; pan
1 Ep can be drained by opening valve 3; 2 is a pipe connecting the pan with the
head 8' of the stand pipe t; this pipe is to equalize the pressure and allow the.
float and valve to work freely.
a u in Figure 8 represents a trap which is connected to a stand pipe y, by the
pipe a p. The stand pipe y is connected to the separator g' by means of nipples
and valves as shown in Figure 10 at y¹, and they are for the purpose of controlling
or regulating the amount of liquid substance in the separator, for, with valve 19
closed, the discharge will be at anyone of the series of valves y' which may he
open and thence through the stand pipe y and pipe a p to the trap where it will
be discharged at any place required. The pipe av leading from the trap can be
connected with pipe p³ and discharge directly into the pan 1 Ep without the use
of stand pipe m, and also the devices and t can be dispensed with without
departing from the principles of the invention, for the pressure transmitted through
the trap will force the saccharine matter through all of the pans, and furthermore,

page_text: the pans can be located on planes one above the other, so that the saccharine matter
will pass from one to another by the force of gravity.
In the broken plan and sectional view Figure 10, A represents the frame work
mounted on wheels and B A a horizontal section of a heating apparatus for heating
defecated saccharine juices; n represents one of a series of heaters through which
the juices pass, f² are two doors which swing upon hinges & h; a m and flare
the two ends of the heater n, which are connected to a circulating stand pipe a f
and the separator g²; e is a right and left coupling for connecting the heater with
the nipple e', check valve e³ and nipple f.
a is a pipe leading from the dome to the bottom of the separator g²; y', y, 17,
ap, and a u, is a device which can be used to conduct the semi-syrup from the
separator to the pan 1 Ep as previously described; h³ is a pipe forming a con-
nection between the separator g³ and stand pipe m; 12 is the float which raises a
valve to discharge the saccharine matter into the evaporating pan 1 Ep through
the pipe h³.
K³ represents a spiral plate which forms a spiral channel and is a spiral coil
therein; q is a pipe for conducting the steam therefrom; v represents the pipe
which discharges the saccharine matter into the spiral channel; & is the outflow
for the pan seen in figure 9.
6s, and bu, are discharge pipes leading from the two cylinders br, to the induction
pipes which connect with the upper coils in the heating apparatus BA; b w, and b v,
are the induction pipes for conducting the defecated juices to the pumps, which are
worked by the stear cylinder y; 22 and 23 are valves for controlling the supply
of the saccharine juices.
The valve 21, is to open and drain the upper pipes, connecting with the upper
coils, through the waste pipe b 8.
Figure 11 is the representation of a top plan of a portion of the carriage on which
the tanks U for defecating saccharine juices are transported, two of said tanks and
a fragment of the third one is shown in cross section.
U are cylinders which surround the coils T¹. W' are supports for keeping the
cylinder elevated above the bottom of the tank for the purpose of allowing a free
circulation of the saccharine juice in and between the cylinder U and tank U.
X are the pipes which in connection with the elevating screws y, the tanks are
raised and lowered; Care stop-cocks and pipes which control the flow of the scum
which rises to the surface of the defecating saccharine juices.
A are cross sections of standards which are employed while raising the tanks.
Q is a platform on which a person stands to steer the apparatus while in transit;
E is a part of the steering device.
de, and df are pipes which are connected to the bottom of the tanks U and to
the pipe da, db, and do. These pipes are for the purpose of conducting the
defecated saccharine juice to and through the main pipe ct, cd, bx to the
pumps br, and thence to the heating apparatus BA; or, by closing valve 24 and
opening valves 25, 26, 27 and 28, the said juices will pass through the filtering and
clarifying devices A. B, AC, AD, and AE, and out at the bottom pipes en, to
and through the pipe bo to the pumps.
Each one of the filtering and clarifying devices are provided with any desired
number of filter trays o w, four of which are shown in the sectional views; each
one of these trays contain filtering or clarifying material; in this case, the coarse
filtering material should be placed in the top tray, and the degree of fineness
should increase toward the bottom, while the bottom tray should be provided with
bone black or other suitable clarifying material; cz and cy represents the clarifying
and filtering material which may be of any suitable substance; ex represents wire
gauze or other suitable material which will prevent the filtering and clarifying
material from being carried through with the juices; the bottoin of the trays should
be perforated as shown; cu are ledges upon which the trays rest; cu are packing
strips placed between the tray and ledge for the purpose of making a tight joint
aud preventing the juices from escaping at the sides and ends of the trays; on are

page_text: the induction pipes leading to the pipes by, ca, be and cb which in turn joins
the main pipe cd; ci and cj are cross fittings for connecting the different pipes;
co are eyes or staples in the sides of the filtering devices to which one end of the
springs ct are attached, while the other end is attached.to a rod which terminates
in a handle_cs; cr are bars extending across the ends of the fronts ch of the.
trays cw. The ends of these bars are slotted so as to receive the rods when the
handles are brought forward and by the force of the spring a tight joint is formed
in connection with the packing c q.
In Figure 16, Ep represents a plan view of an improved evaporating pan for
evaporating saccharine juices; this pan is made of suitable depth and diameter,
the interior of which is divided into a spiral channel by a plate K³, or, if
_preferable, the pan can be cast with the spiral partition therein and afterwards
galvanized or otherwise suitably prepared for use; is a coil of pipe laid in the
spiral channel. WK is a plate of sheet metal fitted into two of the spiral
channels and extends about one third around the circumference of the channel,
or it may extend the complete circle or any part thereof, and also, one, two or more
of the channels may be so provided; the lower end of this plate drops down to
near the bottom of the channel or it may rest on the coil while the other end rises
to near the top of the channel, or a suitable distance above the line of the
syrup or juice; about one half or two thirds of the length of these plates are
perforated for the purpose of allowing the juice or syrup to flow around in the
channels while the remaining portion of the plate is left blank for the purpose of
receiving the scum which floats upon the surface, as the scum accumulates it is
gradually forced out of an opening which is shown in dotted lines at J. K, while
the syrup passes around and is discharged at FG, steam enters the coils at HI
and is discharged at q²; v² is the point at which the saccharine matter enters the
spiral channel.
Figure 17 is a vertical section of the evaporating pan Ep; b is the cover which
is bolted to the rim of the pan; K³ represents the division plate which forms the
spiral channel, this plate is riveted to the bottom of the pan at dk; is the coil
and dj are devices for keeping the coil from laying on the bottom of the channel,
thus allowing a free circulation beneath the said coil; ✗Z is a boss or fitting
riveted to the bottom of the pan and in which the pipe v³ is screwed, the end of
which extends into the pan and forms a nipple to receive the device LM, which is
for the purpose of preventing or breaking and destroying the force of the upward
flow when the saccharine matter is discharged from the trap.
W X represents the plate for separating the scum from the saccharine juice or
syrup; di represents the line of the juice or syrup as it flows down the channel.
NO, and PQ represents a glass, and the manner of securing it to the cover, the
purpose of which is to afford a means to watch the operation of the evaporation
and the flow of the syrup; q³ is the discharge pipe for the coil, this pipe extends
upward through the cover land is held securely by the fittings X Y and YX; is
the steam escape pipe from the pan, and to accelerate the evaporation and the
discharge of the steam, the ejecting devices T U, and RS are employed. The steam
from the coil is discharged from the nozzle T U through the open end of RS, thus
creating a partial vacuum in the pan a³, and expediting the escape of the steam;
VW is a connection uniting the pipe q* with the ejector.
The defecating and evaporating apparatus as above described can be employed
to defecate and evaporate the saccharine juice obtained from beet-roots or from
any other known source from whence saccharine juices may be obtained, but when
the saccharine juice of beets is to be treated, the defecating and evaporating
apparatus can be built in a stationary manner in any desirable location.
In Figure 24, a spiro-convoluted vacuum evaporating pan Ep, is represented
in vertical central section, mounted on the base A. The pan is made of cast metal
with a top flange on which the cover is fitted steam tight and held in place by
suitable bolts; an ejector 2 is fitted and secured to the cover and communicates
with the interior of the pan. The nozzle TU connects with the steam discharge

page_text: pipe q which is secured to one of the convolutions of the pan from whence steam
is derived to form the jet.
The under side of the convolutions are covered with the plate H which is fitted
steam tight or nearly so, whereby a spiral chamber or channel is formed which
occupies one half or nearly so of the interior of the pan. The steam is admitted
at HI and circulates through the channel and thence discharged therefrom through
pipe q and ejector 3. The steam for heating the pan may be derived from any
suitable steam generating apparatus, or hot gases can be employed for the same
purpose, and also when liquids which are easily volatilized are to be evaporated,
hot water can be run through the channel a³ and discharged from pipe q³ with or
without being in connection with the ejector, or the water can be introduced into
the spiral channel through pipe q² from whence it will flow down the inclined
channel and be discharged at HI.
The substance to be evaporated and recovered is conducted through pipe into
the pan, the force of the upward flow when under pressure is broken by the
device LM and thence flows down the channel and discharge at FG. The
line drepresents the height of the flowing liquid; an automatic skimmer is shown
at WX. NO, and PQ represent a window through which the interior can be
observed.
In the sectional view, Figure 25, a steam heating coil is provided and shown
located in the channel through which the substance to be recovered and evaporated
flows. The induction to this coil is at H I while its discharge is through pipe q³
into the open air, or into and through an ejector shown in Figures 24 and 28.
The device dj is for keeping the coil from resting on the bottom of the channel;
This coil and pan can be connected with any steam generating apparatus from
which a supply of steam can be obtained and also it can be placed over a suitable
furnace or other heating device from whence heat can be derived.
A plan view of the pan Ep is shown in Figure 26, in which the upward spiral
projecting channel 63 is shown while the black spiral division represents the
downward projecting channel through which the substance to be evaporated flows.
In the top plan view, Figure 27, the interior of the pan is shown and the action
of the evaporating substance can be observed at all times; one or more of these
windows can be used for observation and one of which should be immediately
over the point where the scum from saccharine juices or syrups collects. The
window is also provided with suitable hinges and fastening devices whereby it
can be opened and the scum or other obstruction cleared away if the outlet or
passage should become clogged.
The spiral channel can be cleaned by connecting the discharge pipe F G with a
steam supply pipe and forcing steam or super-heated steam through said channel,
the discharge of which would be through the ejector or when a heating coil is
employed as shown in Figure 25. The steam from said coil can be made to enter
the pan by putting a valve on the end of the ejector RS, which will cause the
steam to flow back through the channel and be discharged at H I.
In vertical central view, Figure 28, the spiro-convoluted vacuum pan Ep, is
represented with a steam generator C attached to the bottom thereof, this
generator can be made tubular or in any suitable manner. The generator is
arranged in a suitable furnace G provided with a feed door D*, grate bar E* and
ash-pit F. The bottom of the pan Ep is covered by a plate B, the outer edge
of which can be perforated or made of less diameter than the pan and through
which the steam from the generator enters the outer internal channel and
circulates to the centre from whence it makes its escape through the ejector 2ª
or any other suitable device.
The discharge pipe q* can be provided with a safety valve whereby a given
amount of pressure can be obtained in the generator and spiral channel, which
pressure can be regulated to suit the requirements of the substances to be
evaporated.
When cane juice is to be evaporated it may be possible to obtain steam and

page_text: suitable pressure therefrom to drive the rollers to crush the cane with and also it
will be practical to furnish motive power when many substances are to be
evaporated.
The vertical sectional view of the heating device BA. Figure 19, is mounted
upon a base M* which base includes the ash-pit with door K* thereto. The super-
heating coil I* and fire brick Jrest upon the grate bars L. The door ag leads
to the furnace. A series of coils or conduits n are located in the coil or combustion
chamber and rest upon the supporting lug o and a hollow water bar dk. The
ends of these bars project through the shell and are connected by suitable fittings
which admits of a free circulation of liquids through the series; by means of
these bars and a free circulation of liquids therein, great heat can be applied to the
coils or conduits without fear of sagging down at the centre. The liquid should
be forced into the bottom and circulate upward, from thence through the upper
coil or conduit and thence downward through the series and thence discharged
into the separator g³ where the volatile parts will expand and pass off through
pipe d² into dome b and from thence through pipes to places of use. The dome b
is provided with stay bolts dn, and supporting brackets a', which rest upon the
upper flange of the combustion chamber, and are bolted thereto. The bonnet d' is
composed of two shells with a space c² between them for the purpose of conducting
the radiated heat from the inner shell to the uptake; perforations can be made in
the outer shell at the base of the bonnet for the admission of air which will cause,
in connection with the heat, a rapid circulation through the space. The pressure
in the dome is ascertained by the steam gauge at; the stack is provided with a
damper h. The dome is provided with a drain pipe a³ which connects it with the
separator g³.
The coils or conduits n are formed in the manner shown in Figure 10; the two
ends projecting tangentially from the outer and inner circles and parallel or nearly
so; the inner ends f¹ are connected by suitable fittings e, nipples e¹, f¹, valves e¹
and nipples to circulating feed pipe dm and separator g². The top of the
circulating feed pipe is provided with a funnel d which is for the purpose of
charging the heating device with liquids prior to the generation of steam; when
sufficient pressure is obtained the steam can be used to pump the liquid into the
coils; the controlling valve 33 is to prevent the back pressure from forcing the
liquids out of the feed pipe & m; this feed pipe is provided with a drain pipe hy
with controlling valve 37 thereon.
The lower end hv of the super-heating coil I* terminates in the cross fitting
dw, the under side of the cross fitting is provided with a blow off pipe hz and
controlling valve 61 thereon; a pipe ha connects the cross fitting dw with the
separator g³, The circulation through said pipe ha is controlled by valve 38.
The pipe dp, with controlling valve 34, Tee fitting ia and pipe dv form a con-
nection between the dome and the super-heating coil I. The outlet of the super-
heater is through pipe hw which is provided with controlling valve 60; the end
of this pipe connects to a Tee fitting ib, to the run of which the pipes as with
controlling valve 36 and pipe ic are connected, while their other ends are connected
respectively with the pipe c¹ which leads from the safety device N and the
evaporating chamber R shown in Figure 20.
The discharge pipe P* and controlling valve V* thereon connects the separator g
with evaporating chamber R. The pipe P* projects into the separator and thence
downward to near the bottom thereof. The cap ie is provided with a blow off
pipe id and plug cock or valve du thereto.
The evaporating chamber R is mounted upon a foundation containing the
furnace This chamber is provided with an outer jacket if which forms a
steam and water space U⚫ and T; stay bolts da are to keep the jacket from
bursting when under pressure. The blow off pipe dg with controlling valve 39 is
for the purpose of regulating the steam generated within the boiler or space T* or
the steam derived from other sources. The blow off pipe fa and controlling
valve 41 are for the purpose of draining the water space T while the pipe dø

page_text: with valve 40 is for draining liquid from the evaporating chamber. The stack W
is for conducting the products of combustion from the furnace.
In Figure 21 the heating device BA is shown in connection with an evaporating
chamber R which is shown in section; the substance to be evaporated from the
matter to be recovered is forced into the heating device through feed pipe o and
circulates downward through the conduits f' and am, These conduits are connected
by fittings fa and de; the right and left couplings e and ai, nipples fi and an,
connect said fittings fa and d z to the conduits and in such manner that a free
circulation is obtained throughout the series. Hollow supporting bars dk shown
in sectional view, Figure 19 are employed and connected by return bands fh.
The feed water or liquid is at first forced through the supporting bars and thence
to the upper coils or conduits.
The case or shell is provided with two doors f2 which embrace nearly one half
of the shell and swing upon the hinges dh and when closed are held in place by
suitable devices fg. The drain pipe a² is for conducting the condensation from
the dome, which is covered by the bonnet d', to a trap or with a device which will
discharge the condensed matter to any place required. The discharge end of the
two lower coils project into the evaporating chamber R*; this chamber is provided
with a cover A which fits tightly to the evaporating chamber by means of flanges
and bolts. A pipe d³ is secured to the top of the cover, a Tee fitting is screwed to
the top end of the pipe and to the outlet thereof, a continuation of the pipe d'
extends to the steam dome, the valve 46 thereon is to control the action of the
currents of steam or vapor therion.
In the chamber X a heating coil Ya is located. By means of this coil and the
steam which flows through, heat is imparted to, and transmitted through the bottom
of the chamber Ra, for the purpose of drying or dessicating the organic, or inorganic
substance when necessary, and when not necessary, steam should not pass through
the heating coil. A standard or support Za is placed beneath the bottom of the
chamber R to assist in holding the bottom when great weight has accumulated
thereon.
The pipe fg with valve 48 is for draining the chamber when required. The
pressure in the heating coil Ye is in part regulated by valve 49 and blow off
pipe fk; The steam for this heating coil can be derived from a boiler located at any
convenient distance therefrom; but the arrangement shown in the drawing is
practical, and also it is a very important factor in the aforementioned invention.
By the means shown, the steam or vapor which is eliminated from the solid or
dense matter in the evaporating chamber Re, is conducted by pipe d³ to a dome,
thence from the dome into and through pipe dp to the lower end fe of the super-
heating coil I shown in Figure 19; thence through said super-heating coil,
whence it is discharged through the upper end fd into and through pipe fb,
thence into the heating coil Ya and out at the blow off pipe fk. Steam for the
pump is conducted by pipe dg and controlled by valve 47. The exhaust from the
pump can be conducted by pipe fe into and through the supporting coil and thence
through pipe fb into and through the heating coil Ya. Whenever an engine is
run by steam eliminated in the chamber Re and the demand equals the supply,
the exhaust can be forced through the super-heating coil and thence through the
heating coil. When saccharine juice is to be evaporated in this apparatus, the steam
eliminated in the chamber can be employed to run the engine which drives the
crushing rollers, while the exhaust can be super-heated and applied to a continued
evaporation of the syrup. A train of evaporating pans similar to those shown in
Figures 8, 9, 24, 25, 26, 27 and 28 can be attached to or connected with the
separating chamber Rª, and operated in a similar mauner to those shown in
Figures 8 and 9.
The separating chamber R can be made in any suitable form and dimension,
with or without a cover or heating space beneath the bottom thereof; the wall of
the chamber can be provided with suitable door or doors through which the

page_text: accumulations can be removed when in a dessicated state, but when in the condition
of a syrup it can be drawn off through drain pipe fj.
Figure 22 is the representation of a horizontal sectional plan view of the heating
device BA, evaporating chambers Ra¹, Ra³, and Ras, and separator g³. The
evaporating chambers are connected to the separator by pipes Pal, Pa³ and Pa, 5
which are provided with controlling valves Val, Vas and Vas. The coil n in the heating
device connects with the separator 9³. The discharge end of the super-heating
coil connects with the cross Db from whence super-heated steam is conducted
through pipe fn and discharged into the end fb of the coil Ya from whence it is
discharged through the outlet fk, the pressure in coil being controlled in part 1
by valve 491; valve 43* is to control the induction of steam into the heating coil.
The pipe fl conducts the steam from the cross and discharges it into the end ƒb*
of the heating coil in the chamber beneath the bottom of the evaporation pan or
chamber R. The discharge, therefrom is through fk, and is controlled by
valve 49¹. The pipe fm conducts steam from the cross and discharges it into 1
the end fb of the heating coil beneath the bottom of the evaporating chamber Res.
The discharge therefrom is through pipe f³ and controlled by valve 49%. The
drain pipes f', ƒª and ƒ³, and controlling valves 48, 482 and 48³ are for
draining the chambers RL, R and Res when necessary.
These evaporating pans can be open or closed vacuum pans, which can be provided
with vacuum pump or pumps, or the device shown in Figures 8, 9 and 24. These
pans are designed for evaporating the volatile part of any liquid or fluids containing
organic or inorganic matter. In place of the heating coils Y the pan can be
located over a furnace as shown in Figure 20 from whence heat will be derived to
complete the evaporation.
The substance to be evaporated and recovered is forced through the heating
device BA and thence discharged into the separator g³, where the volatile part or
steam is partially eliminated from the solid, or the part to be recovered, which is
now discharged by a suitable trapping device into the evaporating chamber Ra',
which operation continues until the necessary amount of the matter to be recovered
has deposited or accumulated in the pan; after which the valve Vat is closed and
valve Va³ opened, thus allowing the products in the separator to be discharged into
pan R; on opening valve 43b steam will flow into the heating coil, while the valve 43a
is left open for the purpose of continuing the heat and evaporation in pan Ral
to the point desired, after which the valve should be closed. When the desired
amount of deposition or accumulation has been obtained in pan Ras the valve Va³
should be closed and valve Vas opened, thus discharging the unvolatilized matter
and substance to be recovered into pan Ras; on opening valve 43° steam will flow
into the beating coil beneath the bottom of the evaporating chamber. The flow of
steam is continued in and through the heating coil beneath the bottom of pan Ra²
until the matter to be recovered is reduced to a proper condition or consistency,
after which valve 43 should be closed. In the meantime, during the progress of
the operation thus far, the evaporating pan Ra¹ can be cleaned and made ready for
subsequent use by the time pan Ras has received a sufficient amount of deposit.
An external elevation of an evaporating apparatus is shown in Figure 23. The
heating device being the same as shown in Figures 8, 9, 19 and 21. The discharge
from the heating device is through pipes finto a separating chamber Ral where
the steam is eliminated and conducted by pipe d³ and discharged therefrom into
the dome, or by closing valve 46 the steam can be discharged from pipe cb,
and also if too much steam or vapor is generated, the safety valve ih will rise and
allow said steam to escape through pipe ig. The steam from the dome is
conducted by pipe 62 and discharged into the lower end fc of the super-heating
coil and is discharged therefrom through pipe ij into the end fb of the heating
coil located in a chamber Bb¹ beneath the bottom of the evaporating pan. The
steam is controlled by valves 43 and 44 and the exit of the steam from said
heating coil is controlled by valve 49¹. The steam can now be conducted into
and through a heating coil in pan Ra³, from thence into and through pan Ra³ and

page_text: finally discharged through pipe fk and valve 49³. The pans Ras and Ras are
without covers, but can be provided with them when required and also with a
device for producing a vacuum. The doors go', go and g o³ are for the purpose
of opening and withdrawing the matter accumulated within the pan when in a
dessicated condition, but when in the condition of a syrup or in a condition
analogous thereto, the matter can be drawn off through valve. 48³.
The sectional views shown in Figures 29, 30, 31, 32 and 33. represent a
device af and a e for feeding the heating device B A shown in Figures 8 and 9.
This device is for the purpose of causing the water or liquids to be evaporated
from organic or inorganic matter, to be circulated in two or more streams, or
simultaneously in several of the conduits, until discharged into the separator g³.
The two feeding devices a f, and a e, are designed to connect and feed a heating
device containing fifteen sections of conduits. The connecting device af is provided
with holes fu, fu', ƒv, ƒv¹, fw, fw', ƒ x, ƒ x², ƒy, ƒy', fz, fz, ga and ga¹. To each
one of these holes a right and left nipple is fitted, and which are also connected by
right and left couplings to the ends of each one of the ends m, which project
tangentially from the outer turns.of the .conduits as shown in Figure 10.
lowermost of these projecting ends m may or may not be provided with valves al
shown in Figure 8.
The
The circulating device a e, is provided with holes gj, gj³, g k, g k¹², gl, gl, g m
and g m² to each of which a right and left nipple is fitted and connected to the
inner projecting ends f', which project tangentially from the inner turn of the
conduit by right and left couplings e. This device ae is fitted to but eight of
the coils or conduits; The two upper and five lower ones being independent thereof.
The two upper coils at their induction ends are fed by a double pump as shown in
Figure 10 or by some other analagous device, the eduction therefrom is discharged
into the circulating device af at fu, fu', where the liquid is discharged into
chambers fpfo; the liquid is discharged from thence through openings fv, fu²,
fw and fw into the connected conduits wherein it now circulates in four streams
and discharges into and through corresponding openings gj, j', gk and g k¹ into
chambers fs and ft, from whence the liquid is discharged therefrom through
openings gl, gl, gm and 9 m² into and through the corresponding conduits, from
whence it is discharged through openings fx, fx into chambers f g and
openings fy, fy' into chamber fr from whence the liquid is forced through
openings fa, ff, ga and ga¹ into the five lower conduits from whence the
liquid is discharged into the separator g³.
gh, gb, gi and gn, are apertures for filling and draining the chambers and coils.
gfge, gd, go, gh and go, are apertures at the bottom of the chambers fo, fr, ƒ8
and gh, for the purpose of draining the chambers and conduits.
The heating device B A, shown in Figure 34 is a modification of the heating
device shown in Figures 8 and 9. This device consists of a shell which encloses a
conical coil fn, the two ends of which are connected by couplings e to a feed pipe a d
and to a stand pipe or separator g³. Liquids are forced through the feed pipe a d
into the coil or conduit fn, thence downward and out through pipe finto stand
pipe g³, where the steam is eliminated and escapes through pipe and is discharged
into dome from whence it is conducted away to places of use by pipes b³, g
and c¹; au is a trap for conducting away the matter to be recovered. Evaporating
pans can be placed in connection with the apparatus and the trap discharge the
contents thereof into said pans, wherein the evaporation can be continued to any
degree or consistency required when in the form of a syrup; but when complete
dryness is required, the pans shown in Figures 20, 21, 22 and 23 should be
employed.
Two or more of the coils fn can be located in the furnace Ja and also a
super-heating coil can be provided which can extend from the grate bars Le to the
bottom of the coil ƒn.
In Figure 35 a vertical sectional view of a coil ƒn is shown with an interior
coil he coiled therein; one, two or more of the central turns of this internal coil
P

page_text: are perforated for the purpose of spraying liquids therefrom into the outer coil fn.
The liquids are forced into the internal coil by the pump hd which is driven by
steam conducted from dome 61 through pipe g, the steam being controlled by
valve 55. The liquid can be forced into either the top or the bottom of the coil
or at the top and bottom simultaneously, by means of valve 56 on pipe ha and
valve 57 on pipe hb; the steam within the outer coil fn escapes therefrom through
the upper and lower ends or connecting pipes hj, hj from whence it is discharged
into the stand pipe or separator g³, from thence through pipe d³ into dome b' from
which it is drawn or conducted to places of use.
The condensation and liquid matter passes off through the trap au; one, two or
more of these coils can be located over the furnace J and all connect with the
separator g³ and the pump hd and also a super-beating coil can be located within
the fire-box and rest upon the grate bars La as shown in Figure 19.
Figure 36 represents a vertical broken sectional view of an evaporator, consisting
of a conduit or coil of pipe fn; This coil is provided with an internal coil he; the
pipe composing these coils are at first welded into suitable lengths and then put
together and coiled in the same operation; the two ends of the external
coil hj, hj are made shorter than the internal pipe; to these ends a Tee ho and
a cross hn are fitted, while the ends hu, hu¹ of the internal pipe or coil projects
through the said Tee, ho and cross hn for the purpose of turning the bushings hg
and hq thereon and into the Tee and cross fittings, and also to receive the Tees hp
and hp, thus forming a connection of the internal coil he with the steam stand
pipe hk and hk. The steam therein is conducted to a dome or other suitablo
place by pipe hl while the condensation or drainage is effected through pipe hm
which is provided with a valve not shown. By closing valve 59 the steam can be
made to pass out at the upper end hu of the coil he while the condensation or
the liquid and other matter can be drawn off through pipe hm.
This pipe
can be connected with a trap which will keep the coil from filling up with any
substance.
-
Liquids are forced through pipe i y into Tee fitting ix where the stream divides
and is forced up and down through pipes ha, hb, from whence the liquid is
discharged into Tee ho and cross hn and from thence it is forced into the space
between the interior of the external pipe and the exterior of the internal pipe which
when highly heated causes a rapid expansion of the volatile parts of the liquid
which may be steam, vapor or gas, the egress of which is through perforations iz
in the internal pipe he to the dome or places of use. The external coil ƒn is
drained through pipe hs; this pipe is provided with a valve which is not shown
in the drawing. The advantage derived from a steam generator of the above
description is that a maximum heating surface is presented to a minimum amount
of liquid or water. It will be seen that the space between the two pipes can be
reduced to a thirty-second of an inch, thus, when filled with water, steam will be
evolved rapidly therefrom.
The view shown in Figure 37 is a modification of the coil shown in Figure 36.
The internal coil he is formed from two separate pipes which do not meet within
the external pipe fm as shown through the broken external coil. The steam
which is generated within the external pipe enters the internal pipes at their open
ends and is conducted away as described in Figure 36.
Figures 38 and 39 represent a side elevation of the heating device BA and an
evaporating pan Ep. This apparatus is designed to heat and evaporate liquids
from the soluble matter contained therein, which is easily destroyed by heat; any
desirable number of the lower coils or conduits n are provided with an internal
coil he; the liquid is at first forced into the upper coils where the heat is not
sufficient to destroy the soluble matter and thence forced downward and out into
proper connections from whence it will be forced into the internal coil or conduit
and finally discharged therefrom into a separator in which the steam or vapor is
eliminated from the mass; the steam or vapor being conducted from thence into
a suitable dome from whence it is conducted to and through the lower coils and

page_text: conduits n where it becomes super-heated and conducted into the evaporating pan
or pans or to other places of use.
Only one evaporating pan is shown in connection with the heating device, while
two or more can be placed in connection therewith when desirable. The shell in
the heating device BA is broken away for the purpose of showing the coils or
conduits n, the lower ones of which are also broken, so as to show the internal coil
or conduit he. The ends am of the outer turn of the upper coils are connected
by right and left couplings ai, nipples and return bends an. The lower ends of
the outer coils are connected to Tee fittings in while the ends. of the internal coils
project through said Tees and connect with stand pipe il. The Tee fitting in is
connected to a steam stand-pipe ij by nipples iu shown in Figure 40. The ends f¹
projecting from the inner turns of the upper coils are connected by right and
left couplings e to return bends fa, while the lower ends are connected to Tee
fittings o; these Tees are connected by nipples iv to a steam stand-pipe ik, the
ends iw of the internal coils project through the Tees ioʻand are connected to
the separator g as shown in Figure 40.
The evaporating pan Ep, Figure 39 is broken away to show the interior thereof.
The pump hd receives steam through pipe g which is provided with controlling
valve 55. Water or liquid is conducted to the pump by pipe is with valve
67 thereon.
The liquid is forced from the pump through eduction pipe ò7 into the upper coil
or at first through the supporting pipes dk and from thence to and through the
upper coil or conduit from whence it is circulated downward through the series
until it is discharged into stand-pipe il, from thence it is forced through the
internal coils he and is finally discharged into the separator g³ where the steam
or volatile matter is eliminated from the solid or unvolatilized part and is conducted
by pipe d³ into a dome or receiver from whence it is conducted by pipe 63, which
is provided with controlling valve 44 and discharged into the steam stand-pipe ij
from whence it is distributed and forced into and through the outer coil or conduit n
and thence discharged therefrom into steam stand-pipe ik from whence it is con-
ducted through pipe HI, which is provided with controlling valve 68, into the
heating coil from whence it is discharged through ejector 3.
The matter in the separator g2 which has not volatilized is conducted down
through pipe a p, which is provided with valve 58, into trap au, from whence it is
discharged through conducting pipes h³ and v³ into the spiro-convoluted evaporating
pan Ep at or near the centre thereof, thence through the spiral channel 6³ and
finally discharging therefrom at the outlet F G.
The steam stand-pipes ij and ik are drained by pipes ir and iq which are
provided with controlling valves 64 and 65. The feed water stand-pipe i lis
drained by pipe im which is provided with valve 62.
"
This heating and evaporating apparatus can be made either portable or stationary
and used for the purpose of evaporating liquids and recovering therefrom any organic
matter contained therein.
Having thus fully described the nature of the invention, the construction and
arrangement of the various parts and application thereof, the following description
hereinafter set forth will be devoted to the operation thereof and advantages
derived therefrom.
First, The Portable Quintuple Effect Sugar Works are at first drawn on to the
plantation and placed in position in some suitable locality which may be con-
tiguous to the cane crop or at any suitable point within the boundary of the
cane field, after which the works must be leveled and the proper connections made
between the several parts as follows :—
The steam connection between the heating device BA and the engine L, or
between some steam generator and said engine,-the rollers and the megassé
carriers, the filtering devices and defecating tanks, the exhaust and heating
coils in the defecating tanks, the defecating tanks and filtering and clarifying
devices, the clarifying devices and evaporating tanks,

page_text: In order to commence the operation of crushing the cane-stalks, water will have
to be forced into the heating apparatus B A and steam generated therefrom, until
the second defecating tank is filled with juice, which flows from the rollers through
the interchangeable filters a and thence through a pipe or pipes into the tanks U,
where it is heated by the exhaust steam from the engine L or from steam obtained
from some other source; said steam passes through coils of pipe within an interior
cylinder U². By means of this cylinder, which is provided with a perforated rim,
A current is formed by the action of the heat within the inner cylinder which
causes the juice to rise and flow through the perforations and thence down between
the inner cylinder and the inner circumference of the tank U, to the bottom thereof
and under the lower edge of the inner cylinder and thence upward and again
returned through the perforations; thus a current is formed which will continue
while the steam heat is applied; by the action of this current, the coagulated
matter and other impurities are carried to the surface and forced beyond the surface
of the juice which is represented by the dotted line b, over the angle formed by
the incline surface V and the annular recess V₁, after which the impurities escape
through the pipe B; this action can be continued until nearly all of the impurities
are eliminated from the saccharine juices.
These tanks U can be enclosed with close fitting covers which can be provided
with a low pressure safety device, for the escape of the steam which may be
generated therein, or this steam may escape through the pipe B2, therefore by
these means or devices, as above described, the saccharine juices can be defecated
without coming in contact with the atmosphere.
While the defecating process is in operation in the first tank, the second tank is
being filled; when filled, the steam is turned off from the first tank and on the
second one, while the cane juice is run into the third tank; now, while the defecating
and filling is in operation in the second and third tank, the defecated juice in the
first tank is being forced by the pumps br into the heating device B A; but when
it is deemed necessary to filter and clarify the defecated juice, it is caused to pass
through a series of interchangeable filtering and clarifying devices and thence
through the pump to the heating device. These filtering and clarifying devices are
so constructed and arranged, that, any one of the set can be, when clogged and
necessary to be cleaned, cut off from the tank and pump and afterward taken
apart and cleaned, after which the parts are replaced, and the corresponding valves
opened between the device, tank and pump. The construction of this set of
filtering devices is not limited to what is shown in the drawing, for more or less
of these devices may be employed, and also the area which contains or holds the
filtering and clarifying material can be diminished or increased as occasion may
require.
A set of filtering and clarifying devices can be interposed between the separator g²
and the first evaporating pan 1 Ep whereby the semi-syrup can be purified before
entering the first pan.
After the first tank has been depleted of of its defecated juices, the juice is turned
on and the valve leading from the eduction pipe is closed and the tank again
refilled; the steam is now cut off from the second tank and turned on to the third
tank to defecate the juice therein, and in the meantime, valve 32, in eduction
pipe de is opened and the defecated juice in the second tank is drawn therefrom
and through the filtering and clarifying devices by the pump and forced into the
heating device BA, where it is heated prior to its discharge therefrom into a
separator where a limited amount of the aqueous fluid is evolved to steam and
conducted away to a dome for subsequent use or it may, when not wanted for use,
escape through suitable safety devices into the open air, while the saccharine matter
and the remaining aqueous liquid is forced through suitable device or devices into
an evaporating pan for subsequent treatment.
The evaporating pans herein described and employed in connection with the
herein described apparatus are made with a spiral inclined channel which is about
three inches in width, more or less, and of any desirable-depth. At or near the

page_text: bottom of said channel a spiral coil is located through which steam or hot gases are
conducted for the purpose of imparting additional heat to the aqueous and
saccharine matter which may pass over said spiral coil.
The substance to be evaporated is introduced at the centre of the bottom of the
pan or it may be introduced at the top or at any other convenient place and also,
the introduction of the substance to be evaporated at the circumference and the
discharge of the current at the centre would not be a departure from the principle
hereinbefore enunciated; and furthermore, a device for automatically removing the
scum from the surface of the current can be affixed at the centre and perform the
same function that is required of the automatic skimming device shown in the last
two spiral channels at the circumference in Figure 16.
These evaporating pans can be made in other forms and embrace the principles
herein shown and described; thus, it will be observed, that, by proper management,
the process of filtering the juice after leaving the rollers and filling the tanks
there with and defecating the juice therein and drawing the defecated juices
therefrom through the filtering and clarifying device and forcing it into and through
the heating device and evaporating pans, is conducted without intermittent action'
in any stage of the operation from the time the cane enters the rollers until the
saccharine product contained therein is discharged from the last pan, in the form or
condition of, refined crystalizable syrup.
Stationary Sugar Works, embracing all of the features and characteristics as shown
in the Portable Sugar Works and described in the foregoing specification can be
located in a suitable place, the cane or beet roots transported thereto, and syrup and
sugar made therefrom more economically than by the old methods.
The advantages derived from making syrup and sugar are, First,-It requires
a less expensive mill for the production of an equal amount of syrup and sugar to
that produced by any of the old methods; Secondly,-less fuel is required to
produce equal results; thirdly,-less labor is required; fourthly, a better
quality of syrup and sugar are obtained; and fifthly,-when the saccharine
juices are worked up on the field where the cane grows and immediately after the
cane is cut, no loss will or can occur from fermentation; sixthly,-the cost of
transportation from the field is reduced to about one twelfth of the crop of cane.
Second, The apparatus shown in Figures 19 and 20 is designed to evaporate
liquids from inorganic substances or matter. The beating device BA is similar to
the one shown in Figures 8 and 9, while the evaporating pan or chamber Ra differs
very materially from the spiral chaneled pan shown in Figures 9, 24, 25, 26, 27
and 28.
This evaporating apparatus can be employed to evaporate saccharine juices and
other liquids containing organic matter, but as the evaporation would have to be
continued in bulk or in large quantities while in the chamber R and subjected to
long continued heat which has a tendency to injure the product, it is advisable to
employ the spiral channeled pan whereby there is a constant circulation of the
matter through said spiral channel until the proper degree of consistency or
evaporation is obtained; but when inorganic matter such as salts are to be
recovered, the chamber Ra is preferred, for the reason that if allowed to enter the
spiral channel, the deposition of the solid matter would now clog the channel and
when once filled said channel would be difficult to clean, while in the chamber Ra
that operation would be comparatively easy.
In recovering inorganic matter from liquid solution containing sodium alkulis
or other salts, the liquid matter is forced into the upper coil or conduit and thence
downward through the series of conduits, whence it is finally discharged therefrom
into the separator 93, where steam, vapor or gas are eliminated from the solid
matter which is combined with a portion of the liquid which is not evolved to
steam, vapor or gas and discharged into chamber Ra where the remaining liquid
is evolved to steam, vapor or gas by the heat remaining therein while under
pressure and when said heat is not sufficient to eliminate the liquid matter. The
heat can be so increased by means of a fire in the furnace Q which will generate

page_text: steam in the water and steam jacket T* and U*, or the steam may be derived from
some other sources, one of which is shown in the drawing, which is to conduct
steam from the dome and which has been previously eliminated from the liquid
matter while in the separator g³ by means of suitable pipe connection and discharge
the same into the steam space surrounding the chamber or chambers Re. Three of
these chambers are shown in Figure 22, where by the alternate action thereof a
continued evaporation of liquid matter from, and removal of, the de-secated
substance can be effected.
Petroleum can be forced into and through the heating device BA and
discharged from thence into the separator gwherein the most volatile parts will
pass off into the dome b and be conducted from thence through pipe dp and
forced from thence with or without a jet of steam into the super-heater Is wherein
it will be converted to a fixed gas and thence discharged therefrom into a pump
if needed and from thence into suitable gas-holders for subsequent use. In the
meantime, the residue can be discharged into suitable holders or a series of them,
wherein the necessary volatilization can be completed.
Third, In Figure 21, the discharge ends of the lower conduits of the heating
device BA connects with the evaporating chamber, which is provided with a
steam tight cover Ab; the steam, vapor or gas which is eliminated herein is con-
ducted to the dome and from thence by pipe dp to the super-heater I*, shown in
Figure 19; thence through said super-heater and is finally discharged into the
piped which conducts said steam to the heating coil Y through which it
circulates and is finally discharged through pipe fk. This apparatus can be inade
portable and taken from place to place and do the work required in evaporating
and recovering organic or inorganic matter from liquids.
The heating device BA can be made in any suitable form and dimension. The
liquids to be evaporated can be forced in at any intermediate point between the
upper and lower section or conduit; when any light or volatile liquids are to be
evaporated, the coils can be enclosed in a steam tight jacket or chamber which can
le made to sustain any required pressure; steam can be forced therein at any
given pressure, the condensation of which can be trapped off as fast as it accumu-
lates or a blow off pipe can be used for draining said chamber. The coils within
the chamber can be connected with a suitable stand pipe or chamber for the
elimination of the volatile matter while the residual or remaining portion will
escape to an evaporating pan or pans as shown in Figures 8 and 9 and also the
said residual matter can be discharged from the staud pipe into an open or covered
chamber or chambers as shown in Figures 19, 20 and 22 or it can be discharged
directly from the heating device into a chamber or chambers shown in Figures 21
and 23. These chambers can be provided with spiral channels as shown in the
evaporating pans seen in Figures 9, 16, 17, 24, 25, 26, 27 and 28.
A heating device consisting of external and internal conduits can be arranged
in any suitable manner with, or in an enclosing jacket thereto. The liquid to be
heated can be forced through one of the conduits while steam or heated gases or
heated liquids can be forced through the other, whereby heat will be imparted to
the liquid to be volatilized. When acid solutions are to be evaporated conduits
made from suitable metals can be employed in like manner or the conduits can Le
formed without the internal one and enclosed in a steam tight chamber and then
heated by steam as above described.
What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent,―is,
First, In the manufacture of Syrup and Sugar, the process of concentrating the
saccharine liquid which consists in forcing it, under pressure, through a heated
conduit, in an occluded condition, to prevent carbonization, into a separator or
expansion chamber for the purpose specified.
Second,―In the manufacture of Syrup and Sugar, the process of concentrating the
saccharine liquid which consists in forcing it, under pressure, from the upper or
cooler portion of a conduit through and out of the hottest portion thereof into a

page_text: separator or expansion chamber where the aqueous vapor is separated from the
saccharine liquid or syrup for the purpose specified.
Third, In the manufacture of syrup and Sugar, the process of concentrating the
saccharine liquid which consists in forcing it, under pressure, in a continuous
stream or streams through a heated conduit or conduits from a cooler to the
hottest portion thereof and discharging it into an expansion chamber for the
separation of the steam from the liquid or syrup.
Fourth,In the manufacture of Syrup and Sugar, the process of concentrating
the saccharine liquid and utilizing the steam eliminated therefrom which consists
in forcing such liquid, under pressure through a heated conduit in an occluded
condition and discharging it into a closed separator or expansion chamber and.
conducting the steam therefrom to an engine or other places of use.
Fifth, In the manufacture of syrup and Sugar, the process of concentrating the
saccharine liquid which consists in forcing it, under pressure, through a heated.
conduit in an occluded condition and discharging it into a separator and forcing
the resulting partially concentrated syrup therefrom into an evaporating device or
devices where the concentration is completed.
Sixth, The process of evaporating a saccharine liquid which consists in passing
it through a channel in a pan over a steam coil in which the steam moves in an .
opposite direction to the flowing liquid, whereby the liquid is subjected to a rising
or increasing temperature and the heat of the steam more fully utilized.
Seventh, In the evaporation of a saccharine liquid, the process of automatically
removing the scum therefrom, which consists in causing the liquid to flow through
a heated channel against and through inclined perforated skimming devices in a
continuous current, whereby the scum is automatically forced from the pan.
Eighth, In the defecation of saccharine juice, the process of automatically.
removing the coagulated and other impurities therefrom which consists in causing:
the juice to circulate by heat from a central cylinder through a perforated section
at the top thereof into the outer cylinder and back again repeatedly and thus
force the impurities in the form of scum over the top of the inner cylinder into an
annular gutter and thus conducting them away from the defecator.
Ninth, The process of manufacturing Sugar which consists in subjecting the
freshly expressed juice to the defecating process, filtration, evaporation and con-:
centration in closed vessels without exposure to the air whereby oxidation and,
carbonization are prevented and a better product obtained.
Tenth, In combination with the heating coils or conduits a forcing device and
an evaporating pan for receiving the heated liquid for the purpose described.
Eleventh, The combination with the heating coils or conduits having an,
induction pipe entering their upper or cooler portion and an eduction pipe.
leading from their lower or hottest portion of a forcing device and an evaporating.
pan.
Twelfth, The heating coils or conduits, an evaporating pan and an interposed,
trap in combination with a suitable forcing device for forcing the liquid to be
evaporated into the coils or conduits and on into the pan.
Thirteenth, A vacuum pan having an inclined bottom, a spiral division plate
secured thereto forming a spiral channel and a steam heating coil in the channel
in combination with an induction pipe for liquid entering the upper portion of the
channel and a stopping device located in front of such pipe for breaking the current
of incoming forced juice.
Fourteenth, An evaporating pan having a suitable channel and heating devices
in connection therewith, in combination with an inclined skimmer or skimmers
and separator, located in one or more of the channels for automatically skimming
the liquid substantially as described.
Fifteenth, A closed evaporating pan having a steam escape pipe, in combination
with a steam heating coil therein having a jet nozzle terminating in said steam
escape pipe operating as and for the purpose described.
-
Sixteenth, Two or more closed evaporating pans in combination with one or

page_text: more trapping devices interposed between the pans for conducting the qui from
pan to pan.
Seventeenth, In combination with evaporating apparatus, a defecating device
consisting of an outer tank, an inner chamber cominunicating therewith at the
bottom and having at the top a perforated section connecting with a recess or
gutter for conducting away the scum.
Eighteenth, A defecating device consisting of an outer tank and an inner open
bottomed steam heated cylinder having at its top an inclined perforated rim.
Nineteenth, A defecating device consisting of an outer tank and an inner open
bottomed cylinder in connection with the steam heating coils for causing circulation
of the juice.
Twentieth, The described defecating device in combination with a central tube,
a screw threaded nut, a screw threaded shaft and a cross-bar for raising and
lowering the tank.
Twenty-first, In combination with the evaporating apparatus and the defecating
devices, the interchangeable filters interposed between them.
Twenty-second,-In combination with the evaporators and heating coils, the
defecating tanks, the interposed filters and a pump for drawing the juice through
the filters and forcing it into the heating coils.
Twenty-third, The portable Sugar Works consisting of the combination of the
pressure rolls, the defecating tanks and the evaporating apparatus mounted in a
suitable frame on wheels for the purpose described.
Twenty-fourth, In a portable Sugar Works, the evaporating apparatus in com-
bination with the pressure rolls and the necessary adjuncts thereto, made of steel
whereby the maximum capacity is retained with a minimum amount of metal and
lightness and durability secured and the whole mounted on wheels for the purpose
specified.
Twenty-fifth, A spiro-convoluted evaporating pan having a double spiral con-
volution one of which is for the circulation of the substance to be evaporated and
recovered while the other convoluted channel forms a passage or conduit for the
circulation of a heated substance therein.
Twenty-sixth, A spiro convoluted vacuum pan having external and internal
spiral channels and a bottom fitted to the bottom of the external spiral channel,
thereby forming a closed channel through which heated substances circulate.
Twenty-seventh,-In a spiro-convoluted vacuum pan consisting of external and
internal channel or channels of equal surfaces, the process of circulating matter to
be evaporated in the external channel or channels while the heated substance for
evaporating said matter circulates through the internal channel or channels.
Twenty-eighth,-The combination of a spiro-convoluted evaporating pan with a
steam generator attached to the bottom thereof arranged over a furnace which
supplies the heat for evaporating the substance which circulates through the spiro
channel or channels.
Twenty-ninth,-In evaporating liquids from organic or inorganic matter, the
process of forcing, while under pressure, liquids containing substances to be
recovered, through heated conduits in an occluded condition into a separator or
expansion chamber wherein the steam or volatile portion thereof is eliminated and
discharged therefrom into suitable heating device wherein the heat is utilized in
continuing the evaporation of the remaining portion of the volatile liquids
discharged from the aforesaid separator.
Thirtieth, The combination of the heating device consisting of conduits through
which liquids are circulated with a chamber or chambers provided with suitable
heating devices connected thereto for the purpose of continuing the evaporation of
the matter discharged therein for the purpose specified.
Thirty-first, The combination of a heating device consisting of conduits through
which liquids to be evaporated are forced, and separator, into which the heated
liquids are discharged and the volatile parts eliminated therefrom, with an open
evaporating chamber, provided with heating adjuncts into which the residual

page_text: matter in the separator is discharged and wherein the matter to be recovered
becomes dessicated.
Thirty-second, A heating device consisting of a series of conduits, one or more
of which are provided with an internal conduit through which the liquid is forced,
simultaneously with the flow of steam through the external conduit or conduits
for the purpose specified.
Thirty-third, In a heating device consisting of a conduit or a series of conduits,
one or more of which are provided with an internal conduit through which liquid
is forced while steam simultaneously therewith is forced through the external
conduit for the purpose of heating said liquid. The connecting stand-pipes which
are connected to the ends of the conduits for receiving the liquids and steam
separately and from whence the conduits are supplied and into which the contents
of the conduits are discharged separately as described.
Thirty-fourth, In an apparatus consisting of external conduits and internal
conduits therein, the process of forcing liquids to be heated through one conduit
simultaneously with the passage of a heated substance through the other conduit
for the purpose specified.
Thirty-fifth,--The process of forcing liquids simultaneously and separately
through two or more suitably connected conduits and discharging said liquid from
two or more of said conduits.
Thirty-sixth, Two connecting stand-pipes one of which connects with all of the
corresponding ends of a series of conduits which are placed one above another,
while the other stand-pipes connect with a required number of the other ends of
said conduits, whereby liquids are forced, simultaneously and separately, through
two or more conduits and discharged therefrom, from two or more of the lower
ends of said series of conduits..
Thirty-seventh, In a device for heating liquids or for generating steam,—a
conduit or conduits provided with an internal perforated conduit extending entirely
through the external conduit and through which liquids are forced and spread
out into the external conduit where the liquids are rapidly heated or evolved into
steam.
Thirty-eighth,-In combination with a conduit provided with an internal spray
pipe passing through the entire length thereof,-the separator into which the heated
liquid or steam is discharged.
Thirty-ninth, In combination with a conduit or conduits provided with internal
spray conduit extending the entire length thereof and through which liquids are
forced, the device for forcing liquids into said internal conduit from whence it is
forced out in spray into the external conduit.
Fortieth, The combination of a conduit provided with an internal perforated
conduit and the separator into which liquids or steam is discharged with a trapping
device for trapping off liquids from said separator.
Forty-first, An evaporating pan constructed with a convoluted spiral channel.
Forty-second, An evaporating pan constructed with a convoluted spiral channel
cast in one piece.
-
Forty-third, In an evaporating apparatus, the combination of the heating devices
consisting of conduits or coils through which the liquids to be evaporated is forced,
a closed evaporating chamber connected directly to the lower ends of the coils and
to the steam dome above and a closed chamber below said evaporating chamber
provided with a steam coil for dessicating the matter to be recovered.
Forty-fourth, In an evaporating apparatus, the combination of the hoating
device consisting of conduits through which the liquids to be evaporated are forced,
a separator connected thereto into which the heated liquid is discharged and two
or more alternating evaporating pans connected directly by pipes having controlling
valves to the separator whereby either pan can be used for evaporating while the
other is being emptied and cleaned.
Forty-fifth, The process of heating and evaporating liquids which consists in
forcing the liquids through an internal heated conduit and thus highly heating

page_text: the same, then discharging it into a separator and then conducting the resulting
steain through the external conduit for the purpose described.
Forty-sixth, The process of heating and evaporating liquids which consists in
forcing through an internal heating conduit the liquids and thus highly heating
the same, then discharging it into a separator then conducting the resulting steam
through the external conduit exposed to the heat of the furnace and finally utilizing
the steam thus super heated by conducting it through the heating conduits of an
evaporating pan for continuing the evaporation of the liquid discharged from the
internal coils into the separator as described.
Forty-seventh, In an apparatus for heating and evaporating liquids, a conduit
or supply pipe, a stand-pipe, a series of internal coils connected therewith at their
induction ends and a separator connected with their induction ends in combination
with connected external coils.
Forty-eighth, In an apparatus for heating and evaporating liquids, a conduit or
supply pipe, a stand-pipe, a series of internal coils connected therewith at their
induction ends and a separater connected with their eduction ends in combination
with connected external coils and an evaporating pan and connecting devices for
conducting steam from the external coils to the pan.
Forty-ninth, The process of heating and evaporating liquids which consists in
forcing the liquid between an external coil of pipe, in a furnace to near the middle
portion of the coil, thence discharging the resulting steam or vapor through
suitable openings into the internal pipe and conducting it therefrom to places of
use, and at the same time, conducting the concentrating liquid to a suitable
receptacle.
In witness whereof I the said William Frank Browne have hereunto set
3711
"
LA 1005
Witnesses.
ROBERT SYLVANI
JAMES MARTIN TULLY.
WILLIAM FRANK BROWNE (L.S.).