CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES, AND IN GENERATING STEAM
Year: 1837

page_text: DICKSON'S SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JONATHANI
DICKSON, of Charlotte Street, Blackfriars Road, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Thirtieth day of September, in the first year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Jonathan Dickson, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said Jonathan Dickson, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Jonathan Dickson, my executors,
administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with and no others, from
time to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend within England
Wales, and the Town of Berwick upon Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES, AND IN GENERATING STEAM;" in which said
Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said Jonathan Dickson, shall
cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, refer-
ence being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that-in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Jonathan Dickson, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had

page_text: to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked
thereon, that is to say :-
power
My Invention of Certain Improvements in Steam Engines, and in generating
Steam, consist in arrangements and combinations of a series or set of engines all
united or connected together in their parts and principles, so that their united
powers may be applied to one kind of work or labour, or to different uses,
according to circumstances and situations. My first improvement is the junc-
tion of the high pressure steam engine or moyen pressure steam engine to the
low pressure condensing engine (or in a certain mode of doing the same, as
herein-after described), and also the low pressure engine to what I call an under
pressure or vacuum engine; that is to say, where the steam is generated in
a partial vacuum, and after being used is condensed in a more pure vacuum.
I next connect the high pressure or moyen pressure engine to the afore-
said under pressure or vacuum engine, in place of the said low pressure
condensing engine; and again, the said low pressure engine to the vacuum
engine, so that I make use of all three, or any two of those three said engines
in conjunction with each other. By this Invention I obtain a second
impulse pressure or action from the steam beyond its expansion in one or more
cylinders or vessels, and before it is disposed of in the common way. My
second improvement consists of arrangements and combinations in the applica-
tion of the fire, caloric, or heat, suitable to the different degrees of heat required
for generating, producing, and maintaining the different densities or pressures
of the steam that is used for or by the aforesaid combinations of engines. By
this Invention a greater portion of the caloric or heat is detained and absorbed
or used before it is suffered to escape in the common way. My third improve-
ment consists in making the boiler or boilers, or generators, for all three or any
two of these three said engines, so that the low pressure boiler or under pressure
boiler shall or may contain within its capacity the whole or part of the high
pressure or moyen pressure boiler or boilers, by which the fire, flame, heat, smoke,
or current of caloric arising from the furnaces or fire-places may, at the same
time, act in, and upon the different quantities of water contained in the afore-
said boilers or generators, or compartment thereof, for generating steam of two
or more different degrees of heat, densities, or pressures. My fourth improve-
ment consists in the combinations, arrangements, and construction of my
enveloping furnace (or fire-place), and a boiler or generator, which I call a
spherical, hemispherical, cylindrical, conical, or a compound deflecting boiler,
or double or treble bottom boiler, with a deflecting flue or chimney applicable
to this and all other boilers in any position. In this boiler the fire, flame,
smoke, rarified air, heat, or caloric, after having acted by contact to heat the
water from the outside is drawn, forced, or otherwise caused to enter one or

page_text: more internal boilers or compartments, from which the caloric or heat cannot
escape without undergoing various changes of action and position, from
resisting altitudes and deflections, by which it will more effectually generate
steam of all degrees, densities, or pressures whatsoever, before it is suffered to
escape in the common way. My next improvements are to simplify the loco-
motive engines, (and all other engines placed in any position, by converting or
making the feed pump or pumps, or any other pumps into the guide or guides,
for the piston rod or rods, so that the common parallel and sliding motions and
guides and frames to contain them, will be done away or rendered unnecessary;
also, to do away the use of eccentric motions in all engines working with two or
more cylinders acting at different angles upon one shaft or beam, by making
the opposite piston and rod to work the valves or cocks of the opposite cylinder,
and to make what I call a water detainer or retainer and boiler cleaning appa-
ratus. Besides those improvements, others will appear in the description of the
Figures accompanying this Specification. Steam being a vapour consisting of
fire and water, or it is made with these two elements, and the higher the pres-
sure the more fire it contains; hence, the great difficulty of condensing it
advantageously, owing to the gaseous or incondensible principle it contains.
Now this Invention goes to destroy or neutralize this gaseous or incondensible
part in high pressure steam; for after it has been used with its effective force upon
the piston, and before it is suffered to escape or be condensed, I cause it to pass
through a certain vessel charged with everything necessary for that purpose,
as well as to encrease its vigour for a second use, and this vessel I call a regene-
rator, revivifier, renovater, or renewer of the steam, as hereafter described and
delineated. And be it further understood and hereby declared, that in making
and applying all three or any two of the aforesaid engines to any purpose what-
soever, I do not always make separate buildings or framework for each of them,
but I occasionally make and apply all three or any two of the aforesaid cylinders
to one beam or crank shaft, from which a rectilineal, reciprocating, or circular
motion may be produced in the common way. Note, the same letters
refer to the same parts in the plan and elevation of all the following Figures.
Figure 1 in the Drawing marked, hereunto annexed, represents a high pressure
engine or moyen pressure engine, a low pressure condensing engine, and an under
pressure or vacuum engine, all placed at any convenient distance from each other,
with a separate boiler to each engine, and a space between for the purpose of
explanation; which, suppose for propelling a steam boat or ship, or for any
other purpose on land, and all made ready to be put to work: I first take the
steam from the high pressure boiler A, and conduct it through the pipe B into
the cylinder C, where it acts upon the piston in a state of high pressure (and also

page_text: allow it to expand to any extent or not at pleasure); but in place of then disposing
of it in the common way, I conduct the same steam through the pipe D into the
low pressure boiler or generator E, near the surface of the water therein, as shown
in the clevation by the same letter E; and this boiler or vessel becomes my
regenerator or receiver in a boiling state, and being at a much lower tempera-
ture hero the extra caloric or heat in the high pressuro steam is instantly
absorbed and mixed with the low pressure steam, with which it becomes homo-
geneous, and instantaneously possesses all tho qualities and properties of low
pressure steam, and rendered capable of being used and condensed in the
common way. I next conduct the steam from the low pressure boiler E
through the pipe F into the cylinder G, where it acts upon the piston in a state
of low pressure, and afterwards I condense and extract it in the common way
by means of the air pump H; I, shews the usual size fire-place of the boiler A
of the high pressure engine, and the arrows shew the course of the draft;
but in case of suffering the caloric or heat to escape into a chimney in the common
way at J, this shews its junction with the flue and small fire-place K of the
boiler E of the low pressure engine; and after traversing this boiler E, as
shewn by the arrows which represent the stream of caloric or heat, still this
heat is not suffered to escape into a chimney at L; but here is its junction
again with the flue, and very small fire-place M of the boiler N of the vacuum
engine, whenever it may be convenient to work all those three engines in con-
junction with each other; by this means tho fire, flame, rarified air, smoke, or
stream of caloric or heat arising from the fire, after having generated high
pressure steam, is not allowed to escape into a chimney in the common way,
but is applied to generate low pressure steam; and, further, this same heat or
stream of caloric is also applied to generato steam a third time for the use of
the vacuum engine, before it is finally suffered to escape into the chimney at O;
the small fire or fires applied to the boiler E and N are only to assist and regu-
late the degree of heat required to generate each or any of the aforesaid steams
of lower temperature. P is a pump to draw boiling water from the low pres-
sure boiler E through the pipe represented by the dotted line Q, which is
forced through another pipe, represented by the dotted line R, into the high or
moyen pressure boiler A; now, when these two engines are at work a circula-
tion is maintained, for the low pressure boiler is fed with steam from the high
pressure engine or from its boiler (in place of water in the common way).
Here another improvement presents itself, and that is, the doing away or greatly
reducing the crustation of the boiler or boilers which has so often beer
attempted by circuitous modes of feeding with distilled water, &c. S is a pump
attached to the low pressure engine to draw water from the cistern T, and fored

page_text: it through the pipe, represented by the dotted line U, into the low pressure
boiler E to keep up the proper supply. I also reverse this mode of supply of
water by making the pump P to draw water either from the cistern T or V,
and force it through the pipe represented by the dotted line R. into the boiler A,
and the extra force of the steam in this high pressure boiler A will force a
supply of boiling water from that boiler into the low pressure boiler E, and do
without a feed pump, provided a pipe and regulating cock are placed at W
between these two boilers, and the extra force of the steam in the boiler E will
also supply the boiler N, by means of a pipe and cock being put at X; the
vacuum engine is made nearly the same in its parts as the low pressure engine,
except the boiler, which ought to be made circular, or, if the air pump and
condenser of the low pressure engine are made a little larger than usual, they
will serve for both engines: When the high pressure engine is made to work
in conjunction with the vacuum engine, the steam is conducted into the boiler
in the same way as if it were the low pressure engine; but when the low
pressure engine is connected to the vacuum engine (without the high pressure
engine), I do sometimes conduct the steam from the pipe F to the slide or slides,
valve or valves of the vacuum engine, as represented by the dotted line Y, or
I work this engine with steam from the boiler N through the pipe Z into the
cylinder; & where it acts upon the piston with a force equal to the differenco
of the partial vacuum in the boiler N, and the more pure vacuum in the con-
denser of this last-mentioned engine, then each of these two last-mentioned
engines uses their own steam separately; still the collective fires, caloric, or heat
are used in generating steam in both the boilers E and N, as before described.
Figure 2 represents three boilers for the same use as those in the last Figure,
but more closely connected, and which may have either internal or external
fire-places, as at 1 and 2 or 3 and 4. Figure 3 represents one or more high
pressure boilers (or moyen pressure boilers) contained within or wholly or partly
surrounded with a lower pressure boiler (or an under pressure boiler); A, A,
&c., high pressure boilers; B, B, &c., a lower pressure boiler or boilers; C, D,
E, F, are fire-places; and G, H, I, K, are flues; from which it will be seen
that the first of the flame or strongest part of the heat or caloric acts upon or
against those parts for generating high pressure steam, and the sides of the
fire-placo B, B, &c., constituting parts of the low pressure boiler, being filled
with water, which is acted upon by the fire or fires, heat, or caloric produced
by the same, and which stream of caloric or heat afterwards traverses the whole
surface of B, B, B, B, &c., for generating the low (or lower) pressure steam.or
steams before it is suffered to escape into the chimney. The two upright plates
L, M, are for dividing the water, so as to prevent it from flowing all. to oye side

page_text: when the ship or vessel rolls; and there are a number of holes in these plates
or partitions at the top part to allow the steam to pass freely from one com-
partment to the other; and the waved lines under A, A, and L, M, shew the
surface of the water in those boilers. Figure 4 represents another mode of
applying heat to boilers set in brickwork for generating steams of different
degrees of heat, densities, or pressures from one collectivo stream of caloric.
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, are fire-places; and 7, 8, 9, 10, are flues, &c. Figure 5 re-
presents three boilers set in brickwork in a horizontal position (arranged and
combined to produce the same effect as Figure 1), shewing the distribution of
the caloric or heat for generating steams of three different degrees; the space
between the first and second boiler A and B forms part of the flue, as at 1 and
2; but the third boiler C, I separate either entirely by a single plate, or I
make it partly of a double thickness, as at 3 and 4, so that any portion of the
heat can be communicated from one of those boilers to any of the others (and
which I also place in an upright position). Suppose, for example, it is required
that the boiler A shall or must produce steam of a pressure equal to fifty pounds
per square inch, which is (or contains) about three hundred degrees of heat,
and the boiler B to produce steam equal to two pounds and a half per square
inch, which is about two hundred and twenty degrees, or a little more than the
boiling point of two hundred and twelve degrees; it is clear that the caloric or
heat leaves the boiler A at three hundred degrees (but often at five hundred or
more degrees), because having already that heat within, and the issue of steam at
fifty pounds preventing it from getting any hotter, consequently it will not absorb
or receive any more heat from without; and as this passing heat is not allowed
to escape into a chimney, but caused to act in or upon the boiler B, which is
only required to be heated to two hundred and twenty degrees, consequently this
stream of caloric or heat passing from A will readily and powerfully at upon B,
for generating low pressure steam of two hundred and twenty degrees. Again,
this same stream of caloric must leave the boiler B at two hundred and twenty
degrees (but often at four hundred degrees), and it will as readily and power-
fully act upon the boiler C, which only requires to be heated to one hundred
and seventy degrees, or any other degree to produce ebullition, and which will
produce steam to work an effective engine, provided it is made to produce and
maintain a good vacuum in the common way. Note, the boiler C must at first
be cleared of the atmosphere by opening a communication for a few minutes
with the exhauster of the low pressure engine (or any other means); it will
then commence to boil at the aforesaid temperature, and continuo to do so as
long as the atmosphere is kept excluded; consequently, I call this a vacuum
engine. The small fire E, to the boiler B, and the very small fire F, to the

page_text: boiler C, are occasionally used when necessary to regulate the degree of heat
required. Figure 6 represents my compound deflecting spherical boiler,
double or tribble bottom boiler, or a boiler consisting of different compart-
ments, and made either of a circular or angular form, and my deflecting flue or
chimney, applicable to this and all other boilers. A, A, A, A, shew this boiler
set in brickwork, which has a hemispherical bottom B, with a cylindrical or
conical part or pipe C, forming part of the same; and reaching downward
through the grate or fire-place D, D, and which part is heated by contact ;
within this boiler A, A, &c., is another boiler or sperical chamber E, E, &c.,
which is entirely surrounded with the water F, F, &c.; here is a second
heating surface as large as the first; G, H, I, K, are holes passing through the
broad flanges which join the top and bottom parts of the boiler, together, by
which the whole depth of water is united from under the fire-place at D, D.
To the surface above F, F, these holes or passages are shewn in the elevation
by dotted lines at 1 and 2, or, in place of the holes G, H, I, K, &c., the whole
space between the first and second bottoms may be open and stand full of
water, excepting where the flues A, E, pass through. From the bottom part of
the internal boiler or chamber there is a pipe L, which reaches down through
the pipe C; and within the spherical chamber E, E, there is another concentric
vessel M, M, which is filled with water, and communicates with the water F, F,
&c., by two pipes or passages in the upper part at 3 and 4; and here again is
a third heating surface, and I sometimes use an annular flue, as shewn by the
dotted lines under F, F. This compound deflecting boiler being thus formed,
and the fire made to act on the bottom B, B, the flame or stream of caloric or
heat will ascend in the direction of the arrows >, and pass through the
four or any number of flues or passages A, E, &c., into the concentric flue E, E;
here the caloric or heat is retarded by an altitude nearly equal to the diameter
of the chamber E, E, which keeps this chamber always charged with caloric,
because it cannot enter the chimney without descending to N; consequently, it
acts upon the water F and M at the same time, as well as being acted upon
by another heated surface produced by the centre sphere, or large part of the
chimney at O, O. I also (according to circumstances and situations) cause
the smoke, &c., to descend through the pipe L, which then becomes the
chimney, as well as serves to discharge the dust and ashes that accumulate
from the fire, and at L, I sometimes admit water to cool the cinders
or sparks that may be brought over by the draft through the flues A, E.
P is a cock for discharging the dirty water and mud as it accumulates
inside the boiler, and by shutting or opening either of the dampers or regis-
ters Qor R, I make uso of either the ascending or descending chimney.

page_text: Figure 7 shews the same compound hemispherical and cylindrical boiler
with the furnace or fire-place surrounded with water (in place of brickwork),
with or without the second internal chamber and concentric flue, as shewn by
the dotted lines representing two deflections or rounds of my deflecting fluc
or chimney. Suppose a stream of caloric or heat to be ascending, as shewn
by the arrow at A, it cannot go any further than the plate B, but
hero it is deflected and thrown to the extremity of the circle (or outer edge,
of whatever shape it may be made); consequently it acts doubly upon the
water surrounding the vessel C, C, C, C, or this part of the deflecting flue
or chimney; and when the arrow or caloric arrives at D, it is again deflected
as before, and caused to act upon another heated surface nearly equal to tho
first bottom, and which may be carried to any extent to produce the samo
effect in an upright position as the horizontal position described in Figure 5.
Note, in the middle of the deflecting plates B, I make a hole for a man or
boy to go through for cleaning, &c., but when at work they are stopped by
smaller plates at 1 and 2, and in situations where my deflections are exposed
to much heat I make them hollow to contain water, and to have a commu-
nication with the other water in the boiler, as shewn by the dotted lines on
each side the plate B, within C, C, C, C.
Figure 8 represents my compound boiler, applied to a locomotive engine to
reduce or to do away the use of so many small tubes hitherto used, which are
so liable to give way. A shews where the sediment of the boiler is discharged
into the ash-pit, also the deposit from the flues, and the cinders and sparks that
may be brought over by the draft which will naturally fall into the lower part (as
described in Figure 6), and by occasionally opening the bottom part all will be
discharged into the ash-pit or pan. B, B, B, represents another of my modes
of simplifying locomotive engines, or any other engines (placed in any position,
with or without a beam), by converting the feet pump or pumps, or any other
pumps, into the guide or guides for the piston rod or rods; by this Invention tho
whole of the common parallel and sliding motions and guides, and frames to con-
tain them, will be done away, or rendered unnecessary. My pump guide, which
I make either round or oblong, may also be placed out of the line of the piston
rod to answer the same purpose, and I also apply two pumps (if required), so
that the connecting rod or rods to the crank or cranks can be made single in place
of being made double at the part or parts 1 and 2, where one pump is fixed and
made to become the guide for the piston rod in producing a circular motion; and
I also apply my pump guides where two separate connecting rods and cross heads
are used. C, C, C, shows my mode of working the valves or cocks of all
steam engines, particularly where two or more cylinders (in any position) are

page_text: applied to act at different angles upon one shaft; 3 and 4 are the cylinders
turned on one side to shew the levers C, C, which are moved each by the
opposite piston and rod, and which alternately opens and shuts the valve or
cock of the opposite cylinder. By this invention the common eccentric motions
and apparatus will be done away or rendered unnecessary, and in those engines
where the piston rod works through both ends of the cylinder, I occasionally
work the levers and other parts that opens and shuts the valves or cocks, as
shewn by the dotted lines D, D, at the other end of the cylinders. And be it
clearly understood, that in all situations, and under all circumstances where
one lever and rods may not be applied to produce this movement, I make use
of a series or set of levers either straight or bent with way shafts, bars, rods,
links, springs, and weights, wheels, and chains, &c. to produce either a con-
tinuous motion to the valves or cocks, or move them in advance or other-
wise, or to remain open or shut any part of the time of the stroke required.
Figure 9 represents another external form of a boiler for a railway engine of
greater power, it having two of my enveloping furnaces or fire-places or fire-
boxes (made agreeable to Figure 7); A shews where the sediment of the boiler
and deposit from the flues are discharged into the ash-pit or pan at pleasure, and
there being a space between the two furnaces, one of the axles can pass through
in the centre of the principal weight to be carried, or it may hang down
between two axles, like the last Figure. Figure 10 represents my compound
cylindrical boiler, consisting of internal chambers, as before described (an end
view of which is nearly the same as Figure 6). A, A, my enveloping furnace
or fire-place. B, B, is one or more parts of the boiler, reaching below the
grate or flue, which are heated by contact, like Figure 6 and Figure 7. The
arrows show the course of the draft or stream of caloric, first
along the lower half of the space C, between the second and third cylinders or
chambers, returning through the center chamber, and again passing along the
upper half of the space C into the chimney D. 1, 2, &c., show where pipes
may be placed to connect the water in the first and third chambers; 3, 4, shew
partitions of any kind to divide the space C into the lower and upper flues.
E is a steam chest (or receiver), being either a pipe the same length as the
boiler or to have a dome as shewn by the dotted lines at 5, and also a flue box
and chimney at 6, if required. To the cylindrical part of this boiler I also
apply or make the fire-place or fire-box similar to either Figure 6 or Figure 7,
without the use of my deflections; or I apply my enveloping furnace surround-
ing the bottom of this part of the boiler to a horizontal cylinder, with common
flues, pipes, or tubes to convey the draught or smoke to the chimney, as repre-
sented by the dotted lines in Figure 8, at 5, 6, 7. Figure 11 represents a

page_text: cylindrical boiler or boilers, placed in a perpendicular position, for generating
steam of two or three degrees densities or pressures. N° 1, A, A, my envelop-
ing furnace or place where the flame or caloric envelopes the bottom of the
boiler. B is my receiver (being part of the boiler) for the sediment reaching
below the grate. 1, 2, 3, 4, are flues for the caloric to pass, in an ascending
direction, until they unite in the centro at C, N° 2, after which the caloric enters
one of my deflectors at D (as described in Figure 7); the waved lino above
shows the surface of the water in this part of the boiler, which generates and
produces high pressure or moyen pressure steam, and which is conveyed off for
use through the pipe E. At this part there is a second bottom or partition,
partly formed by another of my deflections (as before described), which the caloric
or heat traverses; and also another near the surface of the water in this second
compartment of the boiler which generates and produces a lower pressure steam,
and which is conveyed off for use at the pipe F; at this part there is a third
bottom and two deflections formed, and this compartment generates and pro-
duces steam a third time by the same fire and caloric arising therefrom, and
which is conveyed off for use through the pipe G, as at first described in
Figure 1). N° 8, in Figure 11, shews my deflections applied to a common
concave bottomed boiler; the caloric rises through the four flues or pipes
5, 6, 7, 8, into the first deflection, which is made double and filled with water
at 5 (as described in Figure 7). The following Figures are for the purpose of
exemplifying my water detainer or retainer, and boiling cleaning apparatus.
Figure 12 is a common boiler, filled with water to the working point at A, but
it often happens that it gets as low as B, when it becomes liable to danger, for
the heat of the fire C being sometimes suddenly increased, and acting under-
neath the bottom with very little water over it, will raise the water in a sheet
like the line D, and forms a gas to supply its place; and if the pressure of the
steam on the surface of the water is much lowered by working it off, or sud-
denly discharged by opening the safety valve, or any other means, so that the
sheet of wator at D becomes broken, then a volume of gas is instantaneously
formed, which sometimes becomes inflammable at the same instant, and becomes
the cause of accidents. Now this Invention or improvement goes to counteract
or lessen this danger, as well as to facilitato and accelerate the generation of
steam. Figure 13 is a boiler with a concave bottom similar to the last Figure,
but immediately over where the firo is most powerful. I place a number of
balls, rollers, or pieces of iron, or other materials, to stand the heat of one inch
or any other size, and wire them together or otherwise keep them in a body,
and to be nearly as large as the grate bars underneath; this will divide the water
into a number of touching points, and prevent a body of gas from being formed

page_text: to raise the water from the heated bottom. Figure 14 is a boiler with a flat
bottom, upon which I place a plate or plates, or frame or frames, full of holes,
and having many pins or feet to stand upon, which will form a number of
points of contact for the heated bottom and the water, and produce nearly the
same effect as the last Figure. Figure 15 is another boiler with a convex
bottom, upon which I place a coil of chain or chains, or any capillaceons
body, forming a variety of touching points by which the water will be divided,
to produce the same effect as before described, as well as to facilitate and
accelerate the generation of steam, particularly if a number of rods or wires
are placed to point upwards, which will act as conductors to the bulbs of steam
as they are formed; and in order to guard against or to lessen the inconvenience
of what is called priming, or the boiling over of the water into the cylinder, I
place a fine grating or piece of wire-work between the surface of the water in
the boiler and the steam pipe, as at A. Now all these balls, rollers, plates,
chains, wire-work, or any capillaceous or capillerated body, I occasionally put
in motion at the rate of one inch per minute, or any other speed, either by
manual labour, the power of the steam they assist to produce, or any other power,
and by any mechanical means, to produce either a circular, rectilineal, or reci-
procating movement, according to the shape or form of that part or parts of
the boiler to which the same shall or may be applied.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jonathan Dickson, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-night