matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED CLIP FOR SECURING SLATES OR TILES ON ROOFS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Allison at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th April 1881. A communication
from abroad by Jacques Jean Baptiste Celier, of Nevers, in the Department of
Nievre, in the Republic of France.
HERBERT JOHN ALLISON, of the Firm of Allison Brothers, Patent Agents, of
41, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, in the County of Middlesex. "AN IMPROVED
CLIP FOR SECURING SLATES OR TILES ON ROOFS." A communication from abroad
by Jacques Jean Baptiste Celier, of Nevers, in the Department of Nievre, in the
Republic of France.
This Invention relates to the construction of a new clip made of galvanised iron,
wire, copper, or other metal, and which is composed of two parallel branches of
unequal length which clasp the purlin. At the top of the longer branch a space is
arranged to permit the placing of the slates or tiles in position, which slates or
tiles may be removed by sliding them upwards and taking them out of a hook
formed at the bottom of the longer branch.
Formerly this operation could not take place without bending the bottom part,
which nearly always broke it. The length of the clip will vary according to the
size of the slates or tiles. In the case of covering a roof and encountering a rafter
which obstructs the passage of the longer branch, a modified form of clip is
employed to pass the rafter."
This clip possesses the same qualities as preceding ones, and also presents the
following advantages:-Facility of repairing; any body may remove and replace a
slate or tile in a very little time without tools; the bending of the hook which
sustains the slate or tile being obviated; the clips will not be broken, and con-
sequently a saving of time and material will be effected; it is evident that bending
the lower part of the clip necessarily widens the top part, so that the clip is no
longer maintained on the purlin, and on account of the displacement occasioned
great inconveniences may be produced in the roofing.
AN IMPROVED SELF LIGHTING MATCH BOX
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Peter Cherry and Charles
Edwin Cherry at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th March
1881.
WALTER PETER CHERRY and CHARLES EDWIN CHERRY, both of Porter Street,
Kingston upon Hull, Yorkshire. "AN IMPROVED SELF LIGHTING MATCH BOX."
The objects of my said Invention are to construct match boxes in such a manner
that they may be sold at a low price, being made of cheap materials, and that
they may hold and retain the matches in such a manner that upon withdrawing a
match therefrom the match is lighted by so doing without any of the remaining
matches being thereby fired.
I construct the match box of two pieces of thin deal or other light wood, a
suitable size being one inch by two and a half inches, and rectangler. In the
interior between these two pieces of wood I place a lining of sand or glass paper
or other suitable material for lighting the matches by friction. The matches are
placed side by side between the two surfaces of the sand paper, filling the box,
with the igniting ends inwards, and the outer ends projecting beyond the box for
convenience of withdrawal.
The two sides of the box are held together by means of india rubber bands suitably
arranged at intervals in such a manner as to produce sufficient friction to light the
match when a match is withdrawn. These bands may surround the box transversely,
or may pass through suitable holes from one side to the other in order to draw the
two sides together with sufficient force, and in an elastic and suitably yielding
manner.
The boxes may be covered, finished, and ornamented in any manner required,
and with a great variety of materials.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DECORATING TILES, PLACQUES, AND OTHER ARTIOLES OF EARTHENWARE OR OTHER GLAZED OR VITREOUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Powell Dunnill at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd July 1881.
HENRY POWELL DUNNILL, Managing Director of Craven, Dunnill, and Company,
Limited, of the Jackfield Encaustic and Decorative Tile Works, near Ironbridge, in
the County of Salop. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DECORATING TILES, PLACQUES, AND
OTHER ARTIOLES OF EARTHENWARE OR OTHER GLAZED OR VITREOUS SUBSTANCES."
This Invention relates to decorating tiles, placques, and other articles of
carthenware or other glazed or vitreous substances by means of chalk drawings
prepared in any suitable manner which will allow of the same being transferred
to the tile, placque, or other article to be decorated or ornamented.
A suitable method for carrying out my process is the following:-
I prepare a lithographic stone in such a manner that the design to be transferred
to the tile or other article may be drawn on the said stone with a lithographic
chalk crayon, so as to give the effect of what is commonly known as "chalk
drawing." An impression is printed from the stone and then transferred to a tile,
placque, or other article by carefully rubbing the impressed paper so that the
coloring matter is deposited on the tile, placque, or other article, which is after-
wards burnt in a kiln in the usual manner.
Instead of employing a lithographic stone as hereinbefore described, the same or
similar effects may be obtained by the use of plates prepared by what is known as
the photo-typographic process.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOILERS FOR GENERATING STEAM
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Anderton, John Thomas Anderton, and Richard
Anderton, of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster, Boiler Makers, for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOILERS FOR
GENERATING STEAM."
Voul by reason of the Palentecs having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Putent.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Anderton, John Thomas
Anderton, and Richard Anderton at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents on the 7th June 1881.
ALFRED ANDERTON, JOHN THOMAS ANDERTON, and RICHARD ANDERTON, of
Accrington, in the County of Lancaster, Boiler Makers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF BOILERS FOR GENERATING STEAM."
This Invention relates to an improved form and construction of flue for
internally fired boilers, whereby increased strength of flue is secured and also an
increased heating surface.
The flue or flues of boilers constructed according to this our Invention, instead
of being cylindrical or cylindrical having corrugated surfaces, we construct of a
series of short tubes, each of which is of greater diameter midway its length than
its ends, the ends of all the tubes being of corresponding diameters to admit of
cach being attached by ordinary rivetting or by flanges to its fellow tube, so
constituting a flue, the line of which is waved, affording considerable increase of
heating surface and great strength.
IMPROVED MOTIVE POWER ENGINE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Ovid Topham at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st January 1881.
GEORGE OVID TOPHAM, of Maida Vale, in the County of Middlesex.
IMPROVED MOTIVE POWER ENGINE."
"
AN
This Invention relates to the construction of an improved motive power engine
whereby I am enabled to utilize in an economical manner the pressure of water in
mains, or from a fall of water or otherwise, or from compressed air.
In carrying out my Invention when water is employed I employ an apparatus
consisting of a kind of bellows provided with an inlet valve for the water under
pressure, also with a suitable outlet valve. The other side of the apparatus is
suitably connected to a crank shaft in such a manner that as the apparatus opens
out under the effect of the pressure, the crank shaft will be moved through a half
revolution, and the supply of fluid being now cut off and the outlet valve being
opened the fluid will be discharged by the closing of the apparatus under the effect
of the atmospheric pressure, and the complete revolution of the crank shaft effected,
and so on. The valve is operated by any suitable known arrangement from the
crank shaft or otherwise.
When compressed air is employed the closing of the apparatus is effected in any
suitable manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC LAMPS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Friedrich Hermann Felix Engel
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th August 1881.
A communication from Carl Heinrich Florenz Müller, of Hamburg, in the
German Empire.
FRIEDRICH HERMANN FELIX ENGEL, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, in the
City of Hamburg, Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC LAMPS." A communi-
cation from Carl Heinrich Florenz Müller, of Hamburg, in the German Empire.
This Invention relates to the construction of electric lamps with which the
light is produced inside a vacuum glass cylinder, and consists in combining the
metallic arms or conductors carrying the carbon inside the glass with the outer
wires coming from the battery or dynamo electric engine by means of strips of
fine sheet-platina instead of by platina wires as has formerly been done.
It has up to the present time been proved practically impossible to melt in into
the foot of the glass cylinder platina wires of a greater thickness than about one
thirtieth (1) of an inch, whilst a greater diameter would be desirable for the
purpose of reducing the surface resistance to the electric current.
According to this Invention, very thin sheet platina, in strips about one quarter of
an inch in width, may without practical difficulty to the operator be fastened in
the cylinder by melting it in to the glass socket, in consequence of which three
times as large a surface for leading the current from the electric wires to the con-
ductors inside of the glass cylinder can be gained as that by the thickest wires
that have been used hitherto.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN CARTS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ormerod Carr Alty at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th August 1881.
ORMEROD CARR ALTY, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CARTS."
My Invention has for its object the lessening of labor for the horse and also for
the driver. Its use will permit a horse to travel with a cart down any steep hill
without having any weight on its back, and with an ordinary brake take a very
considerable load. It is well known that it is shafting loads which brings many
horses to a premature death; and my Invention will prove a great saving to
contractors, corndealers, and others using carts, as well as a prevention of cruelty
to horses, as they will not be subject to have the weight of the load pressing upon
sores on their back, thus they will not need the present heavy saddle, and will live
and work longer.
My Invention consists in the application of two light wheels in front of the
ordinary wheels of the cart, these wheels working on a swivel like a pair of jury
wheels, and being so arranged that the cart will tip over precisely like any other
cart.
The horse will be able to do more work as he will travel at a good speed when
the road is favourable without the shaking and almost back breaking now
experienced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF NAME PLATES OR INSCRIPTION TABLETS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edwards at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd March 1881.
JOHN EDWARDS, of 90, Greenwood Road, Hackney, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF NAME PLATES OR INSCRIPTION TABLETS."
My improvements consist in making perforated letters in plates of metal, and
placing behind such letters a back ground of any suitable material. These letters
and the back ground are put into a suitably formed frame, which holds them in
position. Sometimes I fix these letters into a frame, using glass as a back ground,
and by placing a light in such frame behind the glass and the letters I get an
illuminated name, plate, or tablet, suitable for railway station names and such like
purposes. Sometimes I use glass instead of metal for the plates, and form a letter
on such glass plates of any suitable contrasting colour to obtain a like result; also
in forming name plates or tablets of enamelled iron in the usual way, and fixing
these plates between two other plates, either metallic or nonmetallic, cutting away
sufficient of the two plates to expose the name, and thus protecting the enamel
from injury.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF KILNS FOR BURNING LIMESTONE."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Briggs at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th January 1881.
JOHN BRIGGS, of Clitheroe, in the County of Lancaster.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF KILNS FOR BURNING LIMESTONE."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
This Invention relates to the construction of kilns used for burning or calcining
limestone in the manufacture of quick lime, the objects of the Invention being to
economize fuel and to equalize and accelerate the operation.
I make the body of the kiln in the form of an inverted cone as usual, the top
being arched over and contracted so as to form a neck. From the top of the neck
above the floor level I raise a cylindrical chimney about three or four yards high,
leaving openings in the side for the introduction of the limestone and fuel. This
chimney will cause a draught, and will both accelerate and equalize the burning.
Outside this chimney I form a number of channels or pipes (say about eight),
the upper ends of which are about level with the floor line, and about four feet
outside the chimney, their lower ends leading into the kiln at the neck. These
channels or pipes are for the purpose of supplying the fuel at the neck of the kiln,
which is the point where the principal heat is required.
The greater part of the fuel is supplied down these channels or pipes, a smaller
proportion being fed in from time to time through the openings in the side of the
chimney with the limestone.
In first starting the kiln it is charged in the usual manner with alternate layers
of fuel and limestone up to the commencement of the neck, after which the fuel is
supplied as required in the manner above described, by which means a very great
reduction in the quantity of fuel required for the burning or calcination of a given
amount of limestone will be effected; and in consequence of the heat being better
distributed and more gradually applied to the limestone, the stone will not be so
liable to split asunder, and the lime will be produced in larger pieces and of better
quality.
AN IMPROVED PREPARATION OR COMPOUND OF COCOA AND OTHER SUBSTANCES.
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Barry at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th April 1881.
WILLIAM BARRY, of St. Mary's Road, Peckham, in the County of Surrey,
Manufacturer. "AN IMPROVED PREPARATION OR COMPOUND OF COCOA AND
OTHER SUBSTANCES.'
وو
My Invention relates to an improved compound or preparation, the chief part or
ingredient of which consists of what is commonly known as cocoa, that is to say,
the ground beans or seeds of the chocolate-nut-tree (theobroma cacao). With the
cocoa I mix other substances as hereinafter described, the whole forming a compound
designed to be used either as a beverage (when combined with water or milk in the
usual manner) or for eating. The substances I use in combination with the cocoa-
powder are peruvian bark or quinine, preparations of phosphorus, and preparations
of iron.
I prefer that my improved compound shall contain all of the above named
ingredients, but in some cases one or two only of the substances named may be
combined with the cocoa-powder.
The proportions of the several substances may vary, but in all cases the cocoa will
preponderate considerably. My Invention being designed to provide a mixture in
which the cocoa shall be combined with other substances (one or more) so as to
render it more advantageous as a beverage or for eating than is the case when the
cocoa is used alone or combined with the substances or materials ordinarily used
therewith.
The following proportions have been found very advantageous, viz. :—Pure
cocoa, 112 lbs.; peruvian bark, 1 lb. ; liquid homeopathic preparation of phosphorus,
1 ounce; sulphate of iron, 2 ounces.
I prefer to use what is known as a homeopathic liquid preparation of phosphorus,
but any other preparation of phosphorous may be employed, and I prefer to use
iron in the form of a sulphate. I may also, instead of the pure ground cocoa, make
use of the same mixed with sugar or other substances, that is to say, in the form in
which it is frequently sold. I may also employ vanilla or any other flavoring
substances if desired.
The various ingredients are mixed together by any suitable apparatus or in any
suitable manner.

page_text: The essential and novel feature of my said Invention is the making of a
compound consisting of cocoa combined with phosphorus, iron, and peruvian bark or
quinine, or with any one or two of these substances; the said compound being
made in a suitable form for eating, or in such a form that it may be readily and
conveniently converted into a beverage by being combined with water or other
liquid in the ordinary manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF MAGNESIA AND HYDROCHLORIC ACID FROM CHLORIDE OF MAGNESIUM
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd October 1881. A communication from
August Blumenthal, of the Firm of Ramdohr, Blumenthal, and Company, of
Halle on the Saale, in the Empire of Germany.
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Solicitors, at
Frankfort on the Main, in the Empire of Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PRODUCTION OF MAGNESIA AND HYDROCHLORIC ACID FROM CHLORIDE OF
MAGNESIUM." [A communication from August Blumenthal, of the Firm of
Ramdohr, Blumenthal, and Company, of Halle on the Saale, in the Empire of
Germany.]
The Invention communicated to me relates to improvements in the production
of magnesia and hydro-chloric acid from chloride of magnesium.
In carrying out the Invention the chloride of magnesium is divided into magnesia
and hydrochloric acid by being heated with or without the addition of carbonate of
magnesium or of the carbonate of some other suitable earthy substance under
admittance of atmospheric air or of free oxygen; the magnesia-oxychlorid produced
in this way is divided into magnesia and chloride of magnesium by being boiled
with water either in closed vessels under pressure or in open vessels under ordinary
atmospheric pressure.
By washing with water, the magnesia thus produced may be cleansed from the
appending chloride of magnesium.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR FEEDING WOOL OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIAL TO CARDING MACHINERY
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Craven at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th February 1881.
FREDERICK CRAVEN, of Brighouse, in the County of York, Machine Maker.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR FEEDING WOOL OR
OTHER FIBROUS MATERIAL TO CARDING MACHINERY."
The object of this Invention is to save labour by feeding the carding machines
with self acting apparatus, and at the same time to burr it and clean it, and also to
give the wool a certain draft prior to reaching the card to which it is fed level.
I accomplish the above objects by raising the wool from the box or hopper by a
succession of rollers running at a varying speed; to some of these rollers I give a
traverse motion in order to blend the wool. The cleaning and burring is
accomplished by having guards to the topmost rollers.
The wool is stripped from the top roller by guards, stripping rollers, or a doffing
motion, on to a sheet, which carries the wool into ordinary arrangements to lay
the fibre parallel with the carding engine, or transversely, as desired, from which it
passes forward to the ordinary carding engine.
IMPROVED DRIVES FOR SEWING-MACHINES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Sefton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th June 1881.
"
JOHN SEFTON, of Belfast, Ireland, Mechanical Engineer. "IMPROVED DRIVES
FOR SEWING-MACHINES."
My said Invention has reference to improvements in apparatus known as
"drives" in connection with sewing-machines, and is designed to effect greater
simplicity and economy in construction, and better results in practice than
apparatus hitherto used for the purpose so far as I am aware.
To this end a disk of suitable diameter is keyed on the driving shaft of the
machine, against the face of which is caused to gear a friction pully mounted on a
spindle set at right angles to the driving shaft. This friction pully travels freely
on its spindle, and is provided with a screw or spud fitting in a suitable groove
or flat formed in the spindle for the purpose of allowing the said friction pully to
move from the centre of the above described disk towards the circumference of
same, or vice versa, as may be desired, in order to vary the speed of the machine.
For the purpose of throwing the said friction pully into and out of gear, the
spindle carrying same is mounted in a forked standard which oscillates in suitable
bearings, and is operated by a treadle. A modification of the said Invention
consists in mounting a double-faced bevel pully on the driving shaft of the
machine, in contact with which a cone pully is arranged to play for the purpose of
propelling or arresting the motion of the machine. This cone pully is actuated in
manner similar to the above described friction pully in the first part of my
Invention.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN MULES FOR SPINNING
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Bates at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th January 1881. A communication
from abroad by Albert Wintgens, of Dahlhausen, Rhenish Prussia, in the
Empire of Germany.
ARTHUR BATES, of Number 31, Dutton Street, in the City of Manchester,
Merchant. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN MULES FOR SPINNING." A communication
from abroad by Albert Wintgens, of Dahlhausen, Rhenish Prussia, in the Empire
of Germany.
The Invention relates particularly to the mules which are employed in the
spinning of wool, cotton, silk waste, cotton waste, and other similar materials, but
is or may be also applicable to other classes of mules. It is important that broken
ends should be pieced before the delivery rollers have ceased to deliver the
material, but in practice it is found that the attendant will sometimes effect the
piecing when the carriage is nearing the end of the stretch, the result being that
the pieced yarn is insufficiently stretched and is deficient in twist. The object of
the said Invention is to prevent the attendant from piecing ends after the said
rollers have ceased to deliver, and to this end after the suitable time for piecing
has elapsed, the faller wire is lowered until it is so near the spindle ends as that
the piecing cannot be effected. The arrangements for effecting the lowering of the
faller wire may be varied. In a suitable arrangement a rail formed with an incline
and fixed to the side of the headstock acts upon an arm, which is provided with an
anti-friction bowl, and is fixed to the faller shaft. When the said bowl runs up
the said incline the faller wire becomes depressed. The said rail is made of a
length suitable to maintain the depression of the faller wire as long as is desirable.
The said rail may be otherwise situated, and more than one rail may act upon the
faller shaft if considered to be advisable. To keep up the counter-faller, a bowl or
projection on an arm fixed to the faller shaft may run in contact with the curved
end of a finger, which is fixed upon the counter faller shaft.
AN IMPROVED CHAIR FOR INVALIDS."
Year: 1881

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alicia Margaret Tyssen Amherst at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th November 1881.
ALICIA MARGARET TYSSEN AMHERST, of Didlington Hall, Brandon, in the
County of Norfolk, at present residing at Cannes, in the Republic of France.
AN IMPROVED CHAIR FOR INVALIDS."
This Invention consists of a peculiar construction and arrangement of portable
folding chair adapted for travelling purposes for the use of invalids, and consists in
hinging the back as well as the sides or arms of the chair so as to fold down flat
onto the seat when required to be packed for transport, the back first folding
down onto the top of the seat and the two sides or arms folding one over the other
onto the folded back. A metal frame is secured to the seat by suitable stays, and
to the upper end of this frame the top of the back is fixed by removeable nuts.
At the front of the underside of the seat are lugs through which a rod is passed
transversely, having an intermediate board hooked thereon, to the lower edge of
which is hinged the foot board. The intermediate and foot boards are supported
in position by an iron brace on each side.connected at their upper ends by nuts to
the before mentioned rod, and also connected by other nuts at their lower ends to
the front part of the foot board. Under the seat springs are placed (adapted to
suit the weight of the patient), and at a point behind and near the lower edge of
the intermediate board there is fastened a metal frame connected with and forming
a continuation of the springs, the said frame being continued under the foot board
and in front of the toe board which is secured thereto. From this front part of the
metal frame projects the usual head for carrying the fork of the front or steering
wheel. The steering handle is jointed for folding up. The weight of the invalid
is supported by two back wheels. To the back is secured the usual handle for
propelling the chair. In order to prevent the foot board from rising when pressing
on the handle for the purpose of passing the chair over a curbstone or other
obstruction, the lower edge of the toe board is caused to rest on the front part of
foot board, and on the patient pushing against this toe board the front will be
effectually prevented from rising as it otherwise would, owing to the spring baving
no bearing point against that part of the chair.

page_text: In order to pack the improved chair for transport it is necessary to separate the
front or foot part from the hind or seat portion by detaching the beforementioned
braces and unhooking the intermediate board from off the rod under the seat, then
detaching the front part or continuation of the spring; the parts can then be folded
together and stowed away in a suitable box along with the wheels which have
also previously been taken off.
It will thus be seen that the improved chair is more commodious, is very
compact, and occupies much less space when packed for travelling than those
heretofore in use.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CUTTING THE PILE IN VELVETS, AND OTHER SIMILAR MANUFACTURES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick William Paschen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd March 1881. A com-
munication from abroad by H. Wauer, of Leipzig, in the Empire of Germany.
FREDERICK WILLIAM PASCHEN, of the Firm of F. W. Paschen & Co., of
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CUTTING
THE PILE IN VELVETS, AND OTHER SIMILAR MANUFACTURES." A communication
from abroad by H. Wauer, of Leipzig, in the Empire of Germany.
This improved apparatus is arranged to be applied direct to the loom, and has
for its object the cutting of the pile by revolving or other cutters simultaneously
with the weaving operation.
It consists of a transverse rod situated above the fabric and secured to the sides
of the loom parallel with the slay, and a short distance in front of where the
beating up of the weft takes place. This rod has fixed upon it a series of blades
corresponding in number to the longitudinal cuts required to be made in the fabric,
and the bottom edges of which blades are arranged to press slightly upon the top
of the woven material.
The fronts of these blades are suitably formed and carried to a point, where they
are provided with tubular extremities, and a groove is also formed in the sides of
these blades. Through each of these grooves and tubular extremities a wire is
arranged to pass, and which wire extends through the reed on to a rod which keeps
the wire at a medium tension, and a cam is also provided for raising and lowering
such wires as the shed opens and closes.
In this manner such wires will become woven in with the fabric, and by having
a corresponding number of cutters mounted upon a revolving shaft situated above
the blades, the weft which crosses such wires will become cut by the action of the
revolving cutters, as the fabric on being taken up by the taking up beam is drawn
into touching contact with such knives.
Instead of employing revolving cutters other descriptions of cutters or knives
might be employed, and instead of wires being woven in as aforesaid, cat-gut,
horse-hair, or other suitable material might be substituted.
IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Marlborough Conrath, of North Audley Street, in the
County of Middlesex, for an Invention of "IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS FOR
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Marlborough Conrath at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th May 1881.
"
MARLBOROUGH CONRATH, of North Audley Street, in the County of Middlesex.
IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS FOR HOLDING HATS, COATS, UMBRELLAS, AND OTHER
ARTICLES."
My Invention consists of a stand so arranged and combined with or without
the part for umbrellas that great facility of holding bats is secured, and this
without the use of pegs as heretofore used.
In carrying out my Invention I adopt mainly the following arrangements, taking
as example a stand with umbrella rack and coat rail:-
The stand is erected in the ordinary way with stand for umbrellas, but in place
of the pegs for the hats I fit two or more cross bars with a space between each, so
that when the rim of the hat is placed between the bars a portion of the rim goes
under one rail and the hat rests on the top of the next, and thus the hat is held
securely in place. By these my improvements hats are retained on the stand, and
a larger number can be placed on the stand than according to the present mode of
construction.
It is evident my improvements can be used in a variety of ways; for instance,
simply as a hat rest, or can be fitted in a railway carriage, and thus the strings at
present used can be dispensed with and a more secure and firm hold for the hat is
obtained by the use of this my Invention.

page_text: Witness,
T. MORGAN,
21, Cockspur Street, S.W...
MARLBOROUGH CONRATH. (L.S.)
AN IMPROVED INSTRUMENT FOR ASCERTAINING THE DEFLECTION OF SHOT AND SHELL WHEN FIRED FROM ARTILLERY
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis William Panzera at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st June 1881.
FRANCIS WILLIAM PANZERA, of Harwich, in the County of Essex, a Lieutenant
in the Antrim Artillery Militia. "AN IMPROVED INSTRUMENT FOR ASCERTAINING
THE DEFLECTION OF SHOT AND SHELL WHEN FIRED FROM ARTILLERY."
The object of this Invention is to provide an instrument by which the deflection
of shot in artillery practice to the right or left of the target may be accurately
ascertained.
Hitherto the practice has been to draw a parallelogram, the limits of which are
defined by bannerets on the sand range, and by buoys in the case of sea ranges.
These bannerets are constantly being shot away, and much time is consequently
lost in replacing them. So also when buoys are used they are continually shifted
out of place by the current. Thus the decisions of the battery and range officers
in the case of sea ranges are a matter of judgement, they having no fixed point
but the target to aid them.
To provide against these difficulties I construct an instrument which will mark
the allowed limits of deviation, and enable the range officer to determine with
accuracy when a shot fired has struck within those limits or beyond them.
Affixed to a pillar mounted on a tripod stand is a horizontal graduated bar,
the graduations of which represent feet, counting right and left from a vertical
centre pin. In a slot in the pillar to which this bar is affixed is fitted a graduated
sliding bar, which lies at right angles to the first mentioned bar and carries an eye
piece, which allows of the range officer sweeping with his eye the the horizon formed
by the graduated edge of the first mentioned bar. When the instrument is placed
for use, the fixed bar will stand parallel to the face of the target, its centre pin as
viewed from the eye piece being then in the line of the centre of the target. To
adjust the instrument for use the graduated bar carrying the eye piece is slidden
to or from the fixed bar until its graduation, brought to view, corresponds with the
The amount of
length of the range. The bar is then fixed by a set screw.
deviation allowed on either side of the target is then indicated by adjusting two
vertical pins in line with the centre pin on the fixed graduated bar, such pins being
set at the graduation indicating 20 feet. The range officer will then by keeping in

page_text: view the space thus marked out by the deviation pins see what shots have passed
within the limits with a certainty not heretofore obtained.
By setting an instrument of this kind on one side of the target and at right
angles thereto, and adjusting it to suit the distance at which it is placed from the
target, the distance from the target at which the shot strikes (whether short of or
beyond the target) may be ascertained.
Again, by the use of more pins than those mentioned above, the the exact distances
of shot striking wide of the target at ordinary practice may be determined.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GALVANIC BATTERIES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Frederick Redfern at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th March 1881. A. com-
munication from abroad by Siegfried Marcus, of Vienna, in the Empire of
Austria.
GEORGE FREDERICK REDFERN, of the General Patent Office, 4, South Street,
Finsbury, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent. IMPROVEMENTS IN
GALVANIC BATTERIES." [A communication from abroad by Siegfried Marcus, of
Vienna, in the Empire of Austria.]
The Invention communicated to me relates to improvements in galvanic
batteries, equally applicable for military as for domestic purposes, and the
improvements relate to the general arrangement of the parts forming the battery,
and particularly to the construction and employment of what may be termed a
permanent element, and of a device whereby the usual earthenware porous pots
now generally employed are not required.
this
In carrying out the Invention a suitable vessel is provided, which may be made
of any suitable material, such as india rubber or gutta percha, or of glass, porcelain,
or stoneware. In this vessel is placed a mat-work-like vessel or basket made of
any suitable flexible material, such as wood or whalebone, also a short hollow
cylinder of waterproof material, such as india rubber, porcelain, or glass;
cylinder has for object to prevent the salt crystals from creeping over the top of
the basket. In the said basket is placed the zinc element, which is formed with a
The remaining
number of radial ribs or projections so as to provide a large surface.
space in the vessel is filled up with small pieces of carbon or other like element
around a large piece of carbon, the whole of the pieces being in electrical contact.
Rosin is poured in so as to completely fill the spaces between the pieces of carbon.
A suitable elastic stopper is provided for closing the basket, having a small
aperture for the escape of the gases.
The basket is filled with any suitable salt, such as sal ammoniac or bisulphate of
potash, with the required quantity of water, the zinc element and the stopper
being first removed and replaced after the filling.
AN IMPROVED LAMP AND BURNER FOR CULINARY AND LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick John Cheesbrough at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th June 1881. A com-
munication from abroad by Carl Fritz and Company, of the City of Vienna, in
the Empire of Austria.
FREDERICK JOHN CHEESBROUGH, of the Office for Patents, 15, Water Street,
Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Consulting Engineer. "AN IMPROVED
LAMP AND BURNER FOR CULINARY AND LIKE PURPOSES." [A communication
from abroad by Carl Fritz and Company, of the City of Vienna, in the Empire of
Austria.]
This Invention relates to an improved lamp and burner for culinary and like
purposes, and consists substantially of two vessels, one placed within the other.
Both vessels are supplied with any suitable combustible fluid. The ignition of the
fluid in one vessel heats the liquid in the other vessel, thus generating gas which
issues from its holder and lights itself from the surrounding flame of the burning
liquid in the other holder, and gives a powerful and very hot flame.
A suitable form of lamp for carrying this Invention into practice consists of a
double sided and double bottom chamber on the inner casing of which are formed
heating tubes, closed at their outer ends, and open at their other ends to the outer
chamber of the lamp. The outer chamber of the lamp is provided with a supply
pipe having a suitable cover in which is formed a safety valve. In the inside
of the chamber there is located a burner or jet tube, of which one end opens into
the upper portion of the outer chamber and the other end rises through the double
bottom in the centre of the lamp.
In use the outer chamber is filled with a suitable volatile fluid, such as mythilated
spirits, or light hydrocarbon liquid. A portion of the same fluid is poured into
the inner chamber of the lamp and is there ignited. The heat of combustion of the
fluid in the inner chamber volatilizes the fluid in the outer chamber, and the vapour
or gas thus generated issues from the centre tube of the lamp, ignites, and produces
a flame of great intensity.
Another example of this Invention consists in constructing the lamp or burner of
an outer vessel containing an inner enclosed vessel provided with radial heating
tubes, in one of which there is a supply orifice and cup and a safety valve. The
031

page_text: inner vessel is filled with the combustible fluid and likewise the outer vessel. The
fluid in the outer vessel is ignited and the heat generates gas in the inner vessel,
which gas issues from an orifice in the upper portion of the vessel, and is ignited
from the surrounding flame of the burning liquid in the outer vessel producing a
flame of great intensity. The outer casing may be provided with a jacket
communicating with the inner chamber and adding to its capacity.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN GLASS HOLDERS FOR GASALIERS AND LAMPS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Joy at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th August 1881.
HENRY JOY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Brassfounder. “IM-
PROVEMENTS IN GLASS HOLDERS FOR GASALIERS AND LAMPS."
-
This Invention refers to securing globes or glasses in their holders and applies
more especially to the holders known as comet bolders, in which arms or brackets
are attached to a centre boss or ring, one or more of such arms or brackets being
fitted with a fastener or attachment for securing the globe in its seat upon the
arms.
The accompanying Diagrams illustrate my improvements, which apply to these
fastenings. (A, Fig. 1) represents one arm of a holder upon which is a moveable
clip (b) pierced at about its centre with a slot (c) by which it is hung upon a square
necked rivet on the arm (a); when the clip (b) is dropped upon the rivet the
square neck of the rivet is in the square part of the slot, and the clip is firm,
preventing the globe from being removed from its seat; but when the clip (b) is
raised, so as to bring the circular part of the slot up to the rivet, the clip can be
turned into the position seen in the dotted lines, and the glass removed. (Figure 2)
shows a modification of the above in which the clip is pierced with a bayonet slot,
so that the clip can be released by slightly raising it until the square necked rivet
is received by the longer arm of the slot, when it can be slid backward and allow
the removal of the glass. (Figures 3 and 4) represent another modification in
which a cranked lever (d) is pinned at (c) to the arm (a), so that when in the
position seen at (Fig. 3) the glass is secured, but when turned across the arm, as
in (Fig. 4), the glass can be removed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-EXTINGUISHING APPARATUS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Cumming Tucker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st November 1881.
ROBERT CUMMING TUCKER, of 13, Cloudesley Square, Liverpool Road, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-EXTINGUISHING
APPARATUS."
My Invention has for its object the automatic application of water or other
fluid to accidental fires in buildings, vessels, or elsewhere, with a view to
extinguishing such fires. For this purpose I place at various suitable positions
about a building, vessel, or other structure, an apparatus in connection with a pipe
or main constantly charged with water or other fluid for extinguishing fire. This
apparatus consists of a valve enclosed or contained in a casing or chamber, which
valve in its normal position remains closed against the escape of the water or other
fluid. I arrange this valve or its seating, or both, in such a manner that the
maintenance of either the valve or the seating, or both, in its or their normal
position or positions, is dependent on a film, ring, plug, or other body, composed of
metal fusible at a low temperature not being melted; several methods of applying
the principle alluded to may be devised, one of which methods is of the following
character: To the water or fluid main, or to a branch connected therowith, I
attach a cylinder containing a valve. This valve closes the fluid outlet, and is
provided at its back with a stem. Against the end of this stem I apply a plug or
body made in two parts, a central piece and an annulus, the two being fastened or
connected together by fusible metal. The annulus or outer part is screwed
or fastened into the end of the cylinder opposite to that attached to the fluid main,
and the central or inner piece bears longitudinally against the valve stem. If hent
be now applied to the plug sufficient to melt the fusible metal, the pressure of the
fluid acting on the valve forces the central piece out of its circumjacent annulus;
and the valve opening wide releases the water or fluid and allows it to escape
through holes or openings in the side of the cylinder, thereby extinguishing
the fire.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF UMBRELLA BOXES
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Buckley Seel, the Hall Farm, Davyhulme, nr.
Stretford, Lancashire, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF UMBRELLA BOXES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Buckley Seel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th March 1881.
JOHN BUCKLEY SEEL, the Hall Farm, Davyhulme, nr. Stretford, Lancashire.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLA BOXES."
I take an ordinary umbrella box having wood or pasteboard sides so constituted
that the end of the box may be outside when the box is closed; this end opens freely,
working on a hinge of leather, cloth, paper, or other suitable material attaching the
said end to the bottom of the box. At the opposite end of the box I place a piece
of wood or other material, having holes to receive the tip portion of the umbrella
and prevent it moving. At the centre of the box or thereabouts I insert another
piece of wood or other material, with holes sufficiently wide that they will receive
the thickest portion of the umbrella. Umbrellas can thus be passed through the
open end of the box, and passed through the wide centre holes or spaces into the
holes which receive the tip, the umbrella thus becoming fixed in an umbrella
case or stand and yet inside a box, thus enabling the box to be placed in any
position desireable for the purpose of sale without any risk of damage by means of
the umbrella falling out.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Buckley Seel in the Great. Seal Patent Office on the
3rd September 1881.
JOHN BUCKLEY SEEL, of the Hall Farm, Davy Hulme, Lancashire.
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBERELLA BOXES,"
"IMPROVE-
I take an ordinary umbrella box, made of cardboard or other material, having
wood sides; one end of the box opens, working on a hinge of metal, cloth, or other
material which attaches it to the bottom of box. At the opposite end I place
a piece of wood or other material perforated with small holes to receive the ends
of the umberellas. At about the center across the box I place another piece of wood
or other material perforated with holes large enough for the umbrella to pass
through. The umbrellas can then be passed through the center holes, and the
ferrules placed in the small holes at the bottom of the box, thus being securely
fixed in position, enabling them to be shewn at any angle without risk of
damage.
:
Having thus described the nature and particulars of my said Invention I would
have it understood that what I claim as my Invention is,-
The combination of an umberella stand and umberella box in one..
Witness,
JOHN H. T. BRIERLEY.
JOHN BUCKLEY SEEL. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONDENSING STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Chapman at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st July 1881.
JOSEPH CHAPMAN, of Leith, in the County of Midlothian, North Britain.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CONDENSING STEAM ENGINES."
The said Invention has for its object to obtain an increased vacuum in the
condenser to relieve and assist the air pump in its action to supply the feed water
at a higher temperature than hitherto, and to improve the working of the feed
pumps by preventing them from drawing air.
According to the said Invention a pipe or pipes or passages leads or lead from
the hot well to the circulating pump, the said pipes or passages communicating
respectively with the pump cylinder above and below the piston thereof, they at
their entrance to the pump being furnished with valves opening inwards to the
pump. As the pump piston moves to and fro it draws air from the hot well
alternately through the one and the other of these valves, and expels the air
through its outlet ports along with the water of the circulating pump. The pump
may be the bilge pump when not in use or any other pump working on the engine,
or a special pump may be provided for the purposes of the Invention to be worked
from any convenient part of the engine. This pump may be either a single or
double acting pump.