IMPROVEMENTS IN TYPE DISTRIBUTING AND COMPOSING MACHINES.
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Arthur Young and William Young, both of 119,
Gower Street, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TYPE DISTRIBUTING AND COMPOSING MACHINES.'
Sealed the 6th February 1866, and dated the 18th August 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Arthur Young and
William Young at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 18th August 1865...
We, ARTHUR YOUNG and WILLIAM YOUNG, both of 119, Gower Street, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TYPE DISTRIBUTING AND COMPOSING MACHINES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in type distributing and
composing machines, and the improvements relate to the machines known as
James Hadden Young's type composing and distributing machines. Patents
relating to these machines were obtained by James Hadden Young on the
14th June 1858 (No. 1341), on the 9th April 1859 (No. 889), on the 10th
March 1860 (No. 650), on the 25th July 1860 (No. 1769), and by William
Young on the 14th March 1863 (No. 697).

page_text: The improvements in the type distributing machine have reference to the
complete distribution of the types by mechanical means and by one operation,
for which purpose we have devised what we term a combined distributing
machine, whereas hitherto the types were passed twice through the machine
before their final distribution was effected, and the intermediate emptying and 5
filling were done by hand labour.
This machine is constructed on the same principle as described in the
above-mentioned Patents with this difference, that after the types have been
classified by the aid of a revolving chain and moveable plates and scrapers,
they are not collected into receivers, these last being dispensed with, but the
types of each class are collected and. ultimately distributed by either of the
two following methods:-In one case we allow the types of each class after
being pushed off the chain by the scrapers to descend by means of a tilting
plane on to a fixed inclined plane, whence they can slide on to what we term
a carrier, and which consists of a band or belt of any suitable material
revolving horizontally; by means of this belt they are conveyed on to a plate
called a receiver, from which they are then taken by a pair of nippers, and
these having deposited them on an inclined plane, they slide thence into a
moveable trough or tube somewhat similar to those described in Patent
No. 697, placed at the lower end of the plane, from which they are by means
of pushers pushed on to a second or lower chain, and from this they are finally
distributed into distinct receivers for each letter or character by means of a
second set of moveable plates, scrapers, and inclined planes; or in another
case, instead of allowing the types of each class after being pushed off the
chain by the scrapers and sliding from the tilting plane on to the fixed
inclined plane to descend simultaneously down that plane, the latter is provided
at about an inch' and a half, more or less, from its upper end with a stop or bar
which arrests the descent of the types. Now as this stop or bar is provided
with as many holes as there are different letters or characters in each class,
and these holes are placed at different distances from the surface of the inclined
plane, it follows that each type can only descend further down the inclined
plane when the hole in a line with it is brought immediately underneath it,
and as this is effected in succession beneath each type as it lies on the upper
end of the inclined plane by causing the stop or bar to slide by suitable means
backwards through the inclined plane; a slit or opening being made in the
plane for that purpose; and as the incliued plane is provided with a number of
grooves or channels corresponding to the number of different letters of each class
and these are made to converge to one point of issue, all the types as they slide
through the holes of the stop arrive in succession at this point. Now at this

page_text: point we propose placing a revolving step wheel, as described in Patent
(No. 1341), which being made to revolve in a time regulated by that of the
movement of the sliding stop with holes will be in such a position as to receive
each type as it arrives in succession at the above-mentioned point of issue. on
the fixed inclined plane on a separate step on. its periphery, and by this mean
deposit it into an appropriate receiver, from whence it can be taken by a
nipper, and thus conveyed by intermediate stages on to the second chain in the
manner already described. The advantage of employing the carrier and
.receiver in. the one case, and that of the stop or bar and step wheel in the
other, as just described, consists in either method being the means of keeping
the size of the machine within moderate limits, for as every primary reservoir
may contain any one or all the characters employed, and thence any one of the
.8 or more classes into which these characters are in the first stage of the
process distinguished, and as each class contains moreover 8 or more letters or
characters, each of which must have its separate channels and receivers in
order to insure final distribution, it follows that in the case of the combined
machine each primary reservoir demands 8 or more class channels and
receivers, and each such class receiver 8 or more final or distributing channels
and receivers, that is, 64 channels and 64 receivers. Now in order, to
increase the quantity which may be distributed in a given time it is necessary
to increase the number of primary reservoirs, whilst such increase involves as
pointed out an addition of 64 channels and 64 receivers for each such reservoir,
and therefore also an increase of size to the machine, which would ultimately
become objectionable unless provided against by the means described. To
these means for guarding against objectionable size belong also the following
consideration and provisions:-Thus, when the number of primary reservoirs
exceeds the number of classes, the classifying operation must outrun the final
or distributing, the number of secondary-or-distributing nippers being
determined by the number of classes, but the number of primary nippers by
the number of reservoirs. We, therefore, in such case subdivide the classes
in such. proportion as to maintain the number of carriers and secondary
or. distributing nippers on a par with that of the reservoirs and primary
nippers.
A different arrangement of the covering plates from that described in-
Patents 650 and 1769 of the second chain obtaius from that which belongs to
the first, and also a difference as regards the movements of the 2 chains
and the delivery of the types from them; the differences in all these cases
arising from the primary reservoirs being collected together in juxtaposition,
whilst the carrier receivers are placed at intervals from each other of as many

page_text: grooves of the chain as the number of letters in the classes which they
respectively subserve. Because of this the covering plates of the first or upper
cbain are disposed in sets, each individual plate of which has reference to the
self-same nick or class, the number of sets being the same as the number of
classes or distinguishing nicks, and the chain in this case moves by sets of
grooves corresponding in number with that of the reservoirs, and delivers the
types which come from each reservoir along the whole line of chain. The
covering plates of the second chain, on the other hand, are disposed in sets, of
which each individual plate has reference to the different nicks of the series of
nicks which distinguish the different letters of which each class is composed,
and the chain in this case moves by only one groove at a time, and delivers
the types belonging to each class into final receivers disposed within the
interval above referred to as separating the carrier receivers of each class from
its next following..
Instead of having the grooves of the chain made as described in Patents
No. 650 and No. 1769, we now propose making the grooves V-shaped, about
half an inch wide, more or less, as may be found most convenient, at their
greatest width, and of a corresponding depth. This will admit of all sorts or
sizes of types being used in the same machine. And we further propose
causing the chains to move horizontally on the different planes of the machine,
so that the same surface of the chain is always uppermost, instead of revolving
vertically above and below the table of the machine, as described in Patent
No. 650. We further intend making the grooves of the reservoirs also
V-shaped as those of the chain and for the same reason.
We also propose adopting a somewhat different form for the tubes or troughs
for turning the types than that described in Patent No. 697, as we intend they
shall be entirely open on one side, and made so as to enable all the different
sorts or sizes of type to lie within them on their sides. As we intend to make
the reservoirs as already said of a V-shaped form, the types will consequently
be placed in an inclined position, and the nippers will therefore require to be
placed in one corresponding to that inclination, so as to enable them to grasp
the type in the same manner as before, and they must further, after having
seized the type recover a position similar to that which they would have
bad supposing the type had been standing perpendicularly, and this is required
in order to enable them to lay the types in a straight position in the channels
of the inclined plane leading to the boxes and chain. This double or partial
revolving movement may be given to the nippers by making the stem of the
nippers circular like a spindle, and securing it in a collar or ring fixed ou to
the tilting plaue which carries them, and to the extremity of this stem we

page_text: attach a lever which can be moved from side to side,' and thus cause the
mouth of, the nippers to assume an inclined or a vertical position as desired';
or in place of this arrangement for giving the circular motion to the nippers
other arrangements may be employed. Further, as the type requires to be
laid on an inclined plane leading to the chain, and as this plane is situated at
some distance below the level of the reservoirs, we first place the nippers as
already said on a tilting instead of on a fixed plane as before, and this being
binged on to a slide will carry the nippers forward in the same way as formerly,
but when the slide moves backward the tilting plane will be made. to dip by
any suitable means, and thus bring the nippers holding the type close to the
inclined plane leading to the chain, and an arrangement being made to open
the nippers at the same time the type will be released and slide down this
incline, the type, having previously been made to assume the proper position
for this purpose by the levers attached to the nippers being moved by the.
dipping motion of the tilting plane, which by its ascent again. brings the
nippers to their original position. By the above or any arrangement
we propose attaining the desired object; and further to promote the proper
laying of the types on the inclined plane, we furnish the mouth of the nippers
with a cross piece attached only to one side of its ends, both above and below
them, or either above or below, in conjunction or otherwise with the pin passing
through the centre of their ends as hitherto.
similar
We also propose adopting another action of the nipper, which will also
partially modify its shape, for taking off the types collected in the receivers by
means of the carrier belt or also the step wheel. We have hitherto always
used a counterbalance weight, as described in Patent No. 1769, in conjunction
with the nippers, but as it may be inconvenient to do so in connection with
either of the arrangements above mentioned, we propose that the nippers in
such case shall be made to seize the type only during the backward movement
of the slide. For this purpose the nippers are kept open by suitable means
during its forward movement, and only allowed to close on the foremost type
as the slide moves backward; and as in the case of the use of the carrier belt
the types in the receiver would be lying on their sides and not on their edges,.
the mouth of the nippers opens perpendicularly and not laterally. The
V-shaped form of the grooves of the chains has caused us to modify the action
of the slide which is used to raise the scrapers and plates, to allow the chain
with the types to pass underneath them, and also to allow them to descend on
it when the chain is at rest, and this alteration consists in giving it a slanting
upward and downward movement instead of a vertical one as hitherto.
In constructing type composing machines we propose using an inclined

page_text: plane, which instead of having straight or curved channels coming from opposite
directions as hitherto, shall have straight channels tending all in one direction,
that is towards a common or main channel situated on the right or left side of
the plane, and leading to the beater where the types are set up. The object
of this improvement is to prevent the interference or collision and consequent
stoppage of types, which the above-mentioned opposite directions of the
channels occasionally gives rise to.
We propose using reservoirs for the composing machine placed in a
slanting position either to the right or left when viewed by anyone sitting in a
position to play the keys, and as these reservoirs consist only of one side,
except at the lower part close to the inclined plane, this will admit of all sorts
or sizes of type being used in the same machine, as the lower part, which is
intended to confine the type on both sides, can be readily adjusted to suit the
different sorts of types by means of set screws.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Arthur Young and William Young in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 16th February 1866...
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ARTHUR
YOUNG and WILLIAM YOUNG, both of 119, Gower Street, in the County of
Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five; in the twenty-ninth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Arthur Young and William Young, Her special licence that we,
the said Arthur Young and William Young, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said Arthur Young and William Young,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TYPE DISTRIBUTING AND COMPOSING MACHINES," upon the condition. (amongst
others) that we, the said Arthur Young and William Young, our executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our or their hands and
seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us or them, should particularly

page_text: describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner:
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Arthur Young and William Young,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and:
by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in type distributing and:
composing machines, and the improvements relate to the machines known as
James Hadden Young's type composing and distributing machines. Patents
relating to these machines were obtained by James Hadden Young on 'the
14th June 1858 (No. 1841), on the 9th April 1859 (No. 889), on the 10th
March 1860 (No. 650), on the 21st July 1860 (No. 1769), and by William
Young on the 14th March 1863 (No. 697).
The improvements in the type distributing machine have reference to the
complete distribution of the types by mechanical means and by one operation,
for which purpose we have devised what we term a combined distributing
machine, whereas hitherto the types were passed twice through the machine
before their final distribution was effected, and the intermediate emptying and
filling were done by hand labour.
This machine is constructed on the same principle, as described in the above-
mentioned Patents with this difference, that after the types have been classified:
by the aid of a revolving chain and moveable plates and scrapers they are not
collected into receivers, these last being dispensed with, but the types of each
class are collected and ultimately distributed by either of the two following
methods In one case we allow the types of each class after being pushed
off-the-chain by the scrapers to descend by means of a-tilting-plane on- to-&
fixed inclined plane, whence they can slide on to what we term a carrier, and
which consists of a band or belt of any suitable material revolving horizontally;
by means of this belt they are conveyed on to a plate called a receiver, from
which they are then taken by a pair of nippers, and these having deposited
them on an inclined plane, they slide thence into a moveable trough or tube
somewhat similar to those described in Patent No. 697, placed at the lower
end of the plane, from which they are by means of pushers pushed on to a
second or lower chain, and from this they are finally distributed into distinct
receivers for each letter or character by means of a second set of moveable
plates, scrapers, and inclined planes; or in another case, instead of allowing the
types of each class, after being pushed off the chain by the scrapers and sliding

page_text: from the tilting plane on to the fixed inclined plane to descend simultaneously
down that plane, the latter is provided at about an inch and a half, more or
less, from its upper end with a stop or bar, which arrests the descent of the
types. Now as this stop or bar is provided with as many holes as there are
different letters or characters in each class, and these holes are placed at
different distances from the surface of the inclined plane, it follows that each
type can only descend further down the inclined plane when the hole in a line
with it is brought immediately underneath it, and as this is effected in
succession beneath each type as it lies on the upper end of the inclined plane,
by causing the stop or bar to slide by suitable means backwards through the
inclined plane, a slit or opening being made in the plane for that purpose,
and as the inclined plane is provided with a number of grooves or channels
corresponding to the number of different letters of each class, and these are
made to converge to one point of issue, all the types as they slide through the
holes of the stop arrive in succession at this point. Now at this point we
propose placing a revolving step wheel, as described in Patent (No. 1341),
which being made to revolve in a time regulated by that of the movement of
the sliding stop with holes, will be in such a position as to receive each type
as it arrives in succession at the above-mentioned point of issue on the fixed
inclined plane on a separate step on its periphery, and by this means deposit
it into an appropriate receiver, from whence it can be taken by a nipper, and
thus conveyed by intermediate stages on to the second chain in the manner
already described. The advantage of employing the carrier and receiver in
the one case, and that of the stop-or bar and step wheel in the other, as just
described, consists in either method being, the means of keeping the size of
the machine within moderate limits, for as every primary reservoir may
contain any one or all the characters employed, and thence any one of the 8 or
more classes into which these characters are in the first stage of the process
distinguished, and as each class contains moreover 8 or more letters or
characters, each of which must have its separate channels and receivers in
order to insure final distribution, it follows that in the case of the combined
machine each primary reservoir demands 8 or more class channels and
receivers, and each such, class receiver 8 or more final or distributing
channels and receivers, that is, 64 channels and 64 receivers. Now in order
to: increase the quantity which may be distributed in a given time it is
necessary to increase the number of primary reservoirs, whilst such increase
involves, as pointed out, an addition of 64 channels and 64 receivers for each
such reservoir, and therefore also an increase of size to the machine, which
would ultimately become objectionable unless provided against by the means

page_text: described. To these means for guarding against objectionable size belong
also the following consideration and provisions :-Thus when the number of
primary reservoirs exceeds the number of classes, the classifying operation
must outrun the final or distributing, the number of secondary or distributing
nippers being determined by the number of classes, but the number of primary
nippers by the number of reservoirs. We therefore in such case subdivide
the classes in such proportion as to maintain the number of carriers and
secondary or distributing nippers on a par with that of the reservoirs and
primary nippers.
A different arrangement of the covering plates from that described in
Patents 650 and 1769 of the second chain obtains from that which belongs
to the first, and also a difference as regards the movements of the 2 chains
and the delivery of the types from them, the difference in all these cases
arising from the primary reservoirs being collected together in juxtaposition,
whilst the carrier receivers are placed at intervals from each other of as many
grooves of the chain as the numbers of letters in the classes which they
respectively subserve. Because of this the covering plates of the first or upper.
chain are disposed in sets, each individual plate of which has reference to the
self-same nick or class, the number of sets being the same as the number of
classes or distinguishing nicks, and the chain in this case moves by sets of
grooves corresponding in number with that of the reservoirs, and delivers the
types which come from each reservoir along the whole line of chain. The
covering plates of the second chain, on the other hand, are disposed in sets,
of which each individual plate has reference to the different nicks of the series
of nicks which distinguish the different letters of which each class is composed,
and the chain in this case moves by only one groove at a time, and delivers
the types belonging to each class into final receivers, disposed within the
interval above referred to as-separating the carrier receivers of each class from
its next following.
Instead of having the grooves of the chain made as described in 'Patents
No. 650 and No. 1769, we now propose making the grooves V-shaped,
about half an inch wide, more or less, as may be found most convenient, at
their greatest width, and of a corresponding depth. This will admit of all
sorts or sizes of types being used in the same machine. And we further
purpose causing the chains to move horizontally on the different planes of the
machine, so that the same surface of the chain is always uppermost, instead of
revolving vertically above and below the table of the machine, as described in
Patent No. 650. We further intend making the grooves of the reservoirs
also V-shaped, as those of the chain and for the same reason.

page_text: We also propose adopting a somewhat different form for the tubes or troughs
for turning the types than that described in Patent No. 697, as we intend they
shall be entirely open on one side, and made so as to enable all the different
sorts or sizes of type to lie within them on their sides. As we intend to make
the reservoirs as already said of a V-shaped form, the types will consequently
be placed in an inclined position, and the nippers will therefore require to be
placed in one corresponding to that inclination, so as to enable them to grasp
the type in the same manner as before; and they must further, after having
seized the type, recover a position similar to that which they would have had
supposing the type had been standing perpendicularly, and this is required in
order to enable them to lay the types in a straight position in the channels of
the inclined plane leading to the boxes and chain. This double or partial
revolving movement may be given to the nippers by making the stem of the
nippers circular like a spindle, and securing it in a coliar or ring fixed on to
the tilting plane which carries them, and to the extremity of this stem we
attach a lever, which can be moved from side to side, and thus cause the
mouth of the nippers to assume an inclined or a vertical position, as desired;
or, in place of this arrangement for giving the circular motion to the nippers,
other arrangements may be employed. Further, as the type requires to be
laid on an inclined plane leading to the chain, and as this plane is situated
at some distance below the level of the reservoirs, we first place the nippers as
already said on a tilting instead of on a fixed plane as before, and this being
hinged on to a slide will carry the nippers forward in the same way as formerly,
but when the slide moves backward the tilting plane will be made to dip by
any suitable means, and thus bring the nippers bolding the type close to the
inclined plane leading to the chain, and an arrangement being made to open
the nippers, at the same time the type will be released and slide down this
incline, the type having previously been made to assume the proper position
for this purpose by the levers attached to the nippers being moved by the
dipping motion of the tilting plane, which by its ascent again brings the
nippers to their original position. By the above or any similar arrangement
we propose attaining the desired object, and further to promote the proper
laying of the types on the inclined plane, we furnish the mouth of the nippers
with a cross piece attached only to one side of its ends, both above and below
them, or either above or below, in conjunction or otherwise with the pin
passing through the centre of their ends, as hitherto. The V-shaped form of
the grooves of the chains has caused us to modify the action of the slide which
is used to raise the scrapers and plates to allow the chain with the types to
pass underneath them, and also to allow them to descend on it when the chain

page_text: is at rest, and this alteration consists in giving it a slanting upward and
downward movement instead of a vertical one as hitherto.
In the Drawing hereunto annexed Figure 1 is a plan view, Figure 2.a
longitudinal section, and Figure 3 an end view of our combined type distributing
machine.
Rare the primary reservoirs in which the types are placed for distribution;
N are the nippers, which by a to-and-fro movement of the slide S take
the types out of these reservoirs and deposit them on an inclined plane P.
The nippers are shown in full size in the different positions of this operation
in Figure 4, where N¹ is a pair of nippers holding a type t about to deposit it
on the inclined plane P, the curved piece x being forced in between the ends
of the nippers by their descent, and thereby causing them to open and drop
the type, as in order to seize hold of the types in the reservoirs, which last are
of a V-shaped form, as shown in section in Figure 2, the nippers require to have
a double or partial revolving movement; they are provided with a circular stem
or shank, shewn in Figure 4, where K¹ is the shank of a pair of nippers about to
deposit a type on the inclined plane P, and K³ the shank of the same pair
about to advance to the reservoirs for another type. The partial revolving
movement alluded to above is effected in one way in its descent to the plane P,
and this movement is reversed during its ascent. To accomplish the first-
mentioned movemeut the end of the shank K', which passes through a circular
hole in the moveable plate B', which is attached by a hinge h to the plate B*,
forming part of the slide S, is provided with a square collar b, an end view of
which is shewn in Figure 5, and in this collar a small pin or lever 6¹ is inserted
in such a position that during its ascent consequent on the descent of the other.
end of the nippers it shall come in contact with à curved piece C, which
depresses it, and thereby gives the collar b, and consequently the nippers, a-half
turn, and consequently raises the nippers to a horizontal position; the collar b
having been placed in an angular position by this operation comes in contact
during its descent with a wedge piece forming part of the block 63, attached to
the plate B, shewn by itself in Figure 5, by the side of another shewn .in
connection with the collar b resting on it, and having again assumed its square
position. The up-and-down movement of the nippers is effected in the
following manner :-To the plate B', which holds them, is attached an upright
piece d, which on the backward movement of the nippers comes in contact
with a stop pin e, attached to a bar D, and as the slide S continues its backward
movement lifts the plate B¹ up; when, on the other hand, the slide S¹ advances
towards the reservoirs, the plate B¹ is brought down to its horizontal position
by the springs, the stop e no longer pressing against the pin d. The type ou

page_text: being deposited on the inclined plane P is subsequently placed in the grooves
of the chain by the intervention of tubes and pushers, as already described in
Patent 697, the only difference being that in some cases we propose using a
tube somewhat different from these, as shewn in Figure 6, where 63 is the tube
and p is the pusher, a section also of tube with rest is shewn in Figure 7.
The grooves of the chain we now propose using are, however, different from
those formerly described, they being V-shaped, as shewn in Figures 8 and 9,
where 8 shows one or the outer side of a link full size, and 9' the inner. Each
link is provided with two grooves in this instance, though we do not limit
ourselves to any special number, as this depends on the size of the grooves and
links we may choose to use. The links are connected to each other by means.
of hinges forming part of the links, or attached to them as in this case, as shewn
at 9 in Figures 8, 9, 10, the latter Figure exhibiting five links connected
together in this manner. Each link is provided with a flange f on its inner
and outer sides to keep it in an upright position, the said flanges passing
underneath two bars placed on either side of the two chains where the scrapers
act. Each link has besides a mortice m cut into its centre on the inner side
into which the teeth of a spur wheel gear, and thereby propel the chains.
There are two chains, an upper U, C, moving horizontally on the frame F¹ of
the machine, and a lower chain L, C, also moving horizontally on the frame
F. The upper chain U, C, is propelled by means, first, of two bevilled wheels
shewn Figure 2, one W¹ revolving on the principal shaft X; and the other W.
revolving in connection with it at right angles. To the spindle of W is attached
a disc W³, revolving on a level with the upper chain, and in this instance
provided with five teeth, which gear into a spur wheel W*, which finally gears
into the mortices of the upper chain, and thus propels it as already mentioned.
The lower chain L, C, is also propelled by a spur wheel V¹, revolving on the
same level as the chain, as shewn in Figure 2, and driven by a crown wheel
V attached to the same spindle, whilst the crown wheel is propelled by means
of a lever attached to an excentric a³, revolving on the principal shaft X, which
may be moved at H by hand or steam power, as found desirable. The types
having been placed as already described in the grooves of the upper chain are
by its movement subsequently carried underneath plates p, p, and when the
chain is, at rest they are scraped off the chain on to a tilting bar T; instead
of their passing from thence on to inclined planes and then into receivers to
be again placed in the primary reservoirs to be completely distributed, they are
now, according to one of our methods allowed to slide down an inclined plane
a, a, as shown in Figures 1 and 3, and on a full size scale in Figure 11, from
whence they slide off on to small endless belts i, i, revolving on pulleys n.

page_text: The pulleys n' are alone made to revolve by being connected by their spindle
to a conical roller 9 moved in its turn by the friction of another conical roller 'r,
attached to another spindle u, as shewn in Figure 1 by dotted lines, the
spindle u being driven by an excentric and lever working on the principal
shaft X, but not shewn. The types having been deposited on the belt i, as
described, are by its revolution carried to and slid on to the receiver z, which is
capable of containing several, and which are prevented being pushed off by
two small stops o¹, o', Figure 11. The types being collected in the receiver z;
the nippers y, which are attached to bar Y, moving in a slide rest Y¹, advance
and seize the nearest type and deposit them on inclined planes j, down which
they slide into tubes, and are pushed on to the lower chain L, C, shewn in
Figure 3, pass underneath another set of scrapers not shown, which pushes
them off the chain on to a tilting bar T', whence they slide into final receivers,
shewn in Figure 3. The nippers used in conjunction with the. belts and
receivers are different from those used in connection with the reservoirs, as the
types lie on their sides instead of being placed in column. In order to seize
the types in the former position the nipping ends of the nippers y, of which a
pair is shewn full size in Figure 12, open and shut vertically instead of laterally,
and are otherwise formed of the following pieces:-Of a fixed upper party', to
which is attached a lower and moveable part y, moving on a centre fixed in
the upper part at y³, and both ends of the lower part y³ are made wedge-
shaped below to produce the following action:-When the nipper advances
towards the receiver the wedge part at the nipping end comes in contact with
a stop placed immediately underneath that part of the receiver where, the
nearest type lies and closes the nipper on the type, and when the nipper is
brought over the inclined planej the other end is forced up by another stop,
which thus opens the nipper end and releases the type, but to the so con-
structing nippers we lay no claim. Neither of the above-mentioned stops are
shown. This arrangement of the belt collector, although only shown on one side
of the machine, would in the event of its being used be also adapted to the
other side of the machine.
We have, however, here shewn another arrangement for the same purpose.
In this case the types on sliding from the tilting bar T pass on to an inclined
plane P2, down which they slide until stopped by a moveable bar A. This
bar, which is shewn full size Figures 13 and 14 and 18, is provided. with a
number of holes equal to the number of types that may belong to the class.it
is opposite to. These holes are placed at intervals from each other in a line
receding at an oblique angle from the surface of the plane P, and thus when
the bar is drawn through the plane, an opening being provided for it with that

page_text: view, each hole is brought in succession beneath the groove of the plane to
which it is opposite, and then allows any type that may happen to be in that
particular groove to escape and slide further down the inclined plane and on
to a step wheel, shewn in Figure 3, and partially in full size, Figures 14 and 15,
and similar to the step wheel described in Patent 1341. This step wheel thus
receives all the types that may have descended through the holes of the bar in
succession and deposits them in a receiver Z shewn in Figure 3, whence they
are taken by nippers N³, Figure 3, and deposited in the manner already
described on the lower chain L, C, the subsequent movements being the same
as those already described in connection with the belt collector. The V-shaped
form of the grooves of the chain having caused us to give the box slides or
lifts which raise the scrapers and plates a slanting upward and downward
motion, we effect this movement in the following manner :-B, S, (see Fig. 2,)
is the box lift in connection with the upper chain, provided with two wedge-
shaped pieces w, w; at either end these pieces have counter wedges fixed to the
frame of the machine (w³, w',) on which they rest and slide. In the centre of
the box lift an upright piece r' is attached, the lower part of which is in contact
with a small lever h¹; this lever is connected by a rod a¹ to another lever not
shewn, which is moved by means of a cam revolving on the principal shaft, as
shewn in Figure 2, and which moves another lever m¹ attached to the same
horizontal spindle as the one already mentioned, so that when m³ is depressed
by the action of the cam the lever at the lower part rod a¹ is also depressed
and thereby causes the rod a¹ to act upon the lever h', which lifts the upright
piece r, causing the box lift to move up the planes of the wedges w¹, w¹, as
shewn by the dotted lines in position when lifted, and this movement is
reversed as soon as the cam allows the lever m¹ to rise. The box lifts A, S,
connected with the lower chain, are moved in a similar manner by means of
the same cam, and a view of these upper and lower box lifts is shown in plan
in Figure 1, and one of each in section in Figure 2.
In constructing type composing machines we propose using an inclined
plane, which instead of having straight or curved channels coming from opposite
directions as hitherto shall have straight channels tending all in one direction,
that is, towards a common or main channel situated on the right or left side
of the plane, and leading to the beater where the types are set up.
The object of this improvement is to prevent the interference or collision
and consequent stoppage of types, which the above-mentioned opposite
directions of the channels occasionally gives rise to. A plan view of an
inclined plane so formed is shewn at Figure 16. We prefer that the lower
end of each channel should be curved somewhat downwards as shewn, in

page_text: order that the type may pass freely from the straight channels into the com-
mon or main channel.
We propose using reservoirs for the composing machine placed in a slanting
position either to the right or left when viewed by any one sitting in a position
to play the keys, and as these reservoirs consist only of one side, except at the
lower part close to the inclined plane, this will admit of all sorts or sizes of
type being used in the same machine, as the lower part, which is intended to
confine the type on both sides, can be readily adjusted to suit the different
sorts of types by means of set screws; a section of a reservoir so formed is
shown at Figure 17.
In witness whereof, we, the said Arthur Young and William Young,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Third day of February,
in the year of our Lord,One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
ADIOILUD YOUNG
ARTHUR YOUNG. (..)
WILLIAM YOUNG. (L.S.)