Improvements in Cutter-heads for Wood-working Machinery..
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 10th June, 1895
Complete Specification Left, 10th Mar., 1896-Accepted, 18th Apr.,¨ 1896
[Communicated from abroad by RICHARD RICHARDSON, of Bedford, Halifax,
Nova Scotia, Canada, Manufacturer.]
Improvements in Cutter-heads for Wood-working Machinery..
I, ANDREW JAMES COWIE, of 47 Woburn Place, Russell Square, in the
County of Middlesex, Physician, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in cutter-heads for wood-working
machinery and is specially applicable to tonguing and grooving machines. The
principal object of this invention is to so construct the cutter heads that they can
be adjusted to fit cutter spindles of varying lengths and the cutters be readily
shifted and set in the required position for producing grooves and tongues at any
desired distance from the edge of the lumber under treatment. The cutters
employed are similar to those shewn and described in the Specification of
prior application for Patent No. 1933 made by Richard Richardson on the
28th day of January 1895, the teeth or "bits" of the tongue cutters being so
constructed that they can be adapted to produce tongues of various heights and
thicknesses.
.
The cutter heads are made in pairs, one head carrying the tonguing cutters and
the other the grooving cutters.
According to this invention each head. consists of a socket or sleeve having at
its upper end a vertically arranged set-screw and at its lower end a flange. This
socket is adapted to fit onto the end of the cutter spindle, and by turning the said
set-screw the extent to which the socket passes over the end of the spindle can be
easily regulated: The cutters fit loosely onto the said socket and rest upon the
lower flange where they can be firmly held by means of a screw-collar that can be
screwed down tightly onto the uppermost cutter by means of a suitable tool, a
portion of the socket above the cutters being screw threaded for the reception of
the screw-collar.
In order to lock the socket to the spindle so that it will rotate therewith, a loose
collar is provided which is capable of being freely slidden along the socket so as to
suit spindles of different lengths. This loose collar is furnished with a radial set-
screw and a pinch-block, and the socket is slotted longitudinally on opposite sides,
so that the aforesaid set-screw and pinch-block can reach the spindle. By
tightening up the said set-screw and pinch-block they nip the spindle and thereby
firmly secure the socket thereto. For convenience in manufacture the loose collar
is advantageously made of three portions that is to say of a central ring and. an.
upper and lower circular plate affixed thereto. In this way the recesses for the
before mentioned pinch-block and set-screw can be readily formed and be afterwards
covered by the upper and lower plates so as not to impart an unsightly appearance
to the collar when the latter is finished.
The portion of the socket in which the before mentioned slots are formed may
be flattened and the loose collar be made with a correspondingly shaped hole.
If found more convenient the aforesaid screw-collar may be made comparatively
thin and washers be employed between it and the cutters.
The teeth or "bits" of the tongue-cutters overlap each other as already stated
and are somewhat curved at that part which. produces the top of the tongue so

page_text: .
that by more or less separating the cutters from each other upon the socket by
means of thin washers interposed between them the height and thickness of the
tongue can be varied.
.
By removing the loose collar and the screw-collar the cutters can be readily
removed from the socket when desired and be replaced by others of a different size
or pattern.
Dated this 10th dew of June 1905
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in Cutter-heads for Wood-working Machinery.
I, ANDREW JAMES COWIE, of 47 Woburn Place, Russell Square, in the
County of Middlesex, Physician, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in cutter-heads for wood-working
machinery and is specially applicable to tonguing and grooving machines. The
principal object of this invention is to so construct cutter-heads that they can be
adjusted to fit cutter-spindles of varying lengths and to enable the said cutter-
heads to be readily shifted and set in the required position on the spindles for
producing grooves and tongues at any desired distance from the upper or lower
edge of the board under treatment. The cutters employed may be similar to
those described in the Specification of a prior Patent No. 1933 granted to
Richard Richardson on the 28th day of January 1895, and the teeth or "bits"
of the tonguing cutters are so constructed that they can be adjusted to produce
tongues of various heights and thicknesses.
The cutter-heads are made in pairs, one head carrying the touguing cutters
and the other the grooving cutters, and the boards operated upon are fed between
these two cutter-heads, the tongue on one edge of the board being produced
simultaneously with the groove in the other edge.
In order that my said invention may be clearly understood and readily carried
into effect I will describe the same more fully with reference to the accompanying
drawing in which :
Figure 1 is a central vertical section of the cutter-head, for producing the
tongues. The other cutter-head is similar in construction but has cutters of
suitable form for producing grooves instead of tongues.
Figure 2 is a sectional plan on the line 1. 1. of Figure 1.
A is a socket or sleeve having at its lower end a flange a and at its upper
end a set-screw a¹. This socket is adapted to fit onto the end of the cutter-
spindle B (Figure 2); and said set-screw, by bearing on the upper end of the
spindle, permits the position of the socket to be vertically adjusted. The socket A
may be provided with a longitudinal groove a* for receiving a feather on the
spindle B; such groove and feather are not, however, absolutely necessary.
CC are the rotary tonguing cutters which consist of a pair of discs having radial
❝ bits" c projecting from their periphery. These rotary cutter discs fit onto the
socket and are supported one above the other by the flange a.
The "bits" on one
disc C do not lie directly opposite those on the other disc (see Figure 2) and their
inner edges el project beyond the face of the discs (Figure 1). The outer corners
or active edges c² of the "bits" are also curved at the root. The distance between
the active edges 2 can thus be varied by altering the distance apart of the discs C.
This variation, by reason of the curved portions of the "bits" intersecting each
other at different points, causes the depth of the grooves to be increased or

page_text: diminished according as the said discs are more or less separated. The height and.
thickness of the tongue produced by the cutters can in this manner be varied.
In order to adjust the distance apart of the said cutter discs C I employ thin
washers C' which are interposed between the cutter discs. D. D are rings or
thick washers situated above the uppermost cutter disc C, and D¹ is a screw-
threaded collar which engages with corresponding screw-threads on the socket or
sleeve A; by tightening up this screw-collar the two cutter-discs are firmly held
in place on the socket or sleeve. The said screw cutter is provided with peripheral
apertures d d which are adapted to receive projections on a suitable wrench for
turning the screw-collar. In some cases I may dispense with the rings D and
arrange the screw-collar to bear directly on the upper cutter disc.
In order to lock the socket A to the spindle I provide a loose collar E which is
furnished with a radial set-screw E¹ and a pinch-block E, and the socket is slotted
longitudinally on opposite sides at a² a² so that the aforesaid set-screw and pinch-
block can reach the spindle. The spindle is usually provided with a flattened
portion against which the inner end of the set-screw bears, and by tightening up
this screw and the pinch-block they nip the spindle and thereby firmly secure the
socket thereto. The pinch-block is situated within a cavity e in, the collar E and
is provided with shoulders e' which are situated in an enlarged portion of the said
cavity, so that the pinch-block although perfectly free to move in and out cannot
escape from the collar. e² is a set-screw for operating the pinch-block.
For convenience in manufacture, the loose collar E is advantageously made in
three portions, that is to say a central portion in which the holes for the reception
of the set-screw E' and the pinch-block E2 are formed, and an upper and lower
plate secured to the said central portion. I preferably make the central hole in
the collar E of the same shape as that of the slotted portion of the socket as shown
in Figure 2 and thus obtain increased thickness of metal at the part where the
set-screw E and pinch-block E are situated.
In some cases I may dispense with the vertical screw a¹ and the solid upper end
of the socket A, so that the spindle to which the cutter-head is applied can extend
completely through the socket.
My invention enables the height of the rotary cutters on the spindle to be very
readily and exactly adjusted by merely shifting the cutter-head vertically on the
spindle.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. A cutter-head for wood-working machinery, comprising a socket to which
the rotary cutters are attached and an adjustable contrivance for securing the
said socket in the required position on the cutter-spindle, substantially as
described.
2. The construction and arrangement of the tonguing cutters whereby they are
capable of adjustment relatively to each other substantially as described and for
the purpose specified.
3. The construction of the adjustable ring or collar for locking the cutter-head
to the spindle substantially as described and for the purpose specified.
4. The improvements in cutter-heads for wood-working machinery substantially
as described with reference to the accompanying drawing and for the purpose
specified.
Dated this 10th 1
L 1000
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.