IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Hargreaves, of Shipley, in the Parish of
Bradford, in the County of York, Worsted Spinner and Manufacturer,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS."
Sealed the 10th November 1863, and dated the 5th September 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Hargreaves at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 5th September 1863.
I, GEORGE HARGREAVES, of Shipley, in the Parish of Bradford, in the
County of York, Worsted Spinner and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention has for its object, firstly, the economizing of fuel; secondly,
the more rapid generation of steam; and, thirdly, the partial prevention of
incrustation.
To the ordinary feed pipe supplying the boiler with water I attach
a cock which communicates with a pipe running through the flue of the boiler
but under the fire-bars at the front end. In that part of the flue beyond the
fire-bars I coil the pipe longitudinally with the boiler, or in the ordinary spiral,
or any other convenient manner, and causing it to return under the fire-bars
connect it with (by preference) the bottom part of the front of the boiler.
Immediately below the cock above named I open another communication
between the boiler and the feed pipe by means of a suitable pipe carrying a
cock to close the communication at pleasure.

page_text: Having thus described the apparatus I will describe its action. Opening
the first-named cock I shut the second; the water circulates through the pipe
under the fire and within the flue; it thus becomes heated, and entering at the
bottom of the boiler, where the water is ordinarily nearly cold, it raises the
temperature of that with which it mingles, and also creates a certain amount
of agitation which disturbs sediment and prevents incrustation partially.
A sufficient supply of water being obtained in the boiler the first cock is
closed, thus shutting off the feed, and the second cock is opened. Communi-
cation is now free between the water in the upper part and that in the lower
part of the boiler; and the pipe in the flue being full of water steam is rapidly
generated and finds its way to the upper part of the boiler by means of the
cock before named, and thus reverses the direction of the current of the water,
which now rises from the bottom part.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Hargreaves in the Great Scal Patent Office on the
3rd March 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
HARGREAVES, of Shipley, in the Parish of Bradford, in the County of York,
Worsted Spinner and Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said George Hargreaves, Her special licence that I, the said George
Hargreaves, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said George Hargreaves, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Iк-
PROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said George Hargreaves, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Hargreaves, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
.
My Invention has for its objects, firstly, the economizing of fuel; secondly,
the more rapid generation of steam; and, thirdly, the partial prevention of
incrustation.
To the ordinary feed pipe supplying the boiler with water I attach a cock
which communicates with a pipe running through the flue of the boiler, but
under the fire-bars at the front end. In that part of the flue beyond the fire-
bars I coil the pipe longitudinally with the boiler, or in the ordinary spiral or
any other convenient manner, and causing it to return under the fire-bars
connect it with (by preference) the bottom part of the front of the boiler.
Immediately below the cock above named I open another communication
between the boiler and the feed pipe by means of a suitable pipe carrying a
cock to close the communication at pleasure.
Having thus described the apparatus I will describe its action. Opening
the first-named cock I shut the second; the water circulates through the pipe
under the fire and within the flue; it thus becomes heated, and entering at
the bottom of the boiler, where the water is ordinarily nearly cold, it raises the
temperature of that with which it mingles, and also creates a certain amount
of agitation which disturbs sediment and prevents or partially prevents
incrustation.
A sufficient supply of water being obtained in the boiler the first-named
cock is closed, thus shutting off the feed, and the second cock is opened.
Communication is now free between the water in the upper part and that in
the lower part of the boiler (a third cock connecting the lower part of the
boiler and the pipe afore named being closed only in case of accident to the
said pipe), and the pipe in the flue being full of water steam is rapidly
generated, and finds its way to the upper part of the boiler by means of the
second cock before named, and thus reverses the direction of the current of
water, which now rises from the bottom part.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 represents a sectional plan of an ordinary flued boiler, showing
the position of the fire-bars and the nine coiled longitudinally, for example.

page_text: A is an ordinary boiler having the usual flue B; C is a feed pipe supplied
by a pump, or in any other convenient manner; D is a cock regulating the
admission of water to the boiler through, the pipe X, the coiled pipe or pipes
F and the cock G, which, as before explained, is always open (unless the pipe
or pipes F are out of repair); E is the second cock before referred to, which
may be opened when the boiler has received a sufficient supply of water and
the cock D has been closed. It will thus be evident that a communication is
now established between the upper and lower parts of the boiler, and that
steam generated in the coiled pipe or pipes can readily ascend through the
vertical pipe X and the cock E to the upper part of the boiler. The
generation of steam is so rapid that the comparative stagnation of the water
usual in the bottom part of the boiler is prevented, and the quick circulation
prevents or partially prevents sediment, earthy matters, or other impurities from
forming a "scale" on the boiler, whilst a great reduction in the consumption
of fuel is effected.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I would have it understood that I do not confine
myself to the precise details shown, nor do I claim the principle of heating
water or generating steam by the use of coiled pipes within the flue of the
boiler; but what I do claim as and of my Invention is, the arrangement of
cocks relatively to each other, as shown, also effecting the rapid generation of
steam and the perturbation of the water in the lower part of the boiler by
means of the "reverse" current before named.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Hargreaves, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of February, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.