Improvements in Tiles for Lining or Facing Walls and other Surfaces.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 29th July, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 12th Apr., 1894-Accepted, 25th May, 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Tiles for Lining or Facing Walls and other
Surfaces.
I, HENRY HALL of 19 Doughty Street Mecklenburgh Square in the County of
Middlesex, Architect, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention to be as
follows:
The invention has for its object improvements upon the classes of tile forming
the subject of Letters Patent granted to me, vz.: No. 3811 of the year 1881 and
No. 16536 of the year 1889, and relates to means for facilitating the fixing of such
tiles without the necessity for the use of nails.
Heretofore tiles have been fixed to walls partly by the aid of nails and partly
by cement. The use of nails however is objectionable for various reasons, and the
object of my present invention is to provide means for securely fixing tiles and at
the same time obviate the necessity for the use of nails.
The face of the tile may be ornamented in any desired manner; it has a lip or
flange at its upper part which is equal in widths to the body part and stands back
from the face thereof; it has also adjoining the upper edge of the tile a ledge
extending the full length of the tile and standing up a short distance above the lip
or flange. The back of the tile is formed with one or more longitudinal grooves
and with transverse grooves or recesses and it has a recessed lower edge. The tile
as above described is constructed as heretofore, but according to my present
invention I make projections on the upper edge of the lip or Hange and form partly
in the latter and partly in each of such projections an outwardly flaring hole of
a sufficient size for the purpose hereinafter referred to, in addition to which the
outer transverse grooves or recesses are formed large enough to receive the
projections and allow the tile in process of fixing to be worked a short distance to
and fro to bed it on the cement covering the lip or flange of the lower tile. The
sides of the transverse grooves are also preferably inclined so that the said grooves
are narrower at their upper part than at their lower part to facilitate fixing.
By my improved construction of tile when pressing the tile upon the cement, the
latter is forced through the holes and, by means of the cement laid on the lip or
flange of the previously fixed tile, permanent keys are formed which, aided by the
cement hold the tile securely in position.
The lower edge of each tile rests upon the upper edge of the face of a lower
tile and against the shallow ledge to allow for the cement bed.
As a modification I dispense with the projections on the lip or flange and in lieu
thereof and of the outwardly flaring holes therein, I form in the lip or flange
outwardly flaring apertures of sufficient size which may be of any convenient
shape and either completely or only partially surrounded by the material of the
tile so long as the cement passing into and through such apertures shall form keys
therein.
By the construction of tile herein shown and described, such tiles can be fixed
immediately over each other or so as to break joint with each other.
Dated this 29th day of July 1893.

page_text: Improvements in Tiles for Lining or Facing Walls and other
Surfaces.
1, HENRY HALL of 19 Doughty Street Mecklenburgh Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Architect, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
The invention has for its object improvements upon the classes of tile forming
the subject of Letters Patent granted to me, viz., No. 3811 of the year 1881 and
No. 16536 of the year 1889, and relates to means for facilitating the fixing of such
tiles without the necessity for the use of nails.
My present invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which;
Figure 1, is a face view of several of my improved tiles showing some of the
fastening lugs in dotted lines and some in full lines,
Figure 2 is a back view of several of the improved tiles shown in Figure i and
Figure 3 is a cross section of two of the said tiles drawn on the line 1-1 of
Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a face view, Figure 5 is a back view and Figure 6 is a cross section
drawn on line 2-2 of Figure 5 representing a slight modification and Figure 7 is
a face view, Figure 8 is a back view and Figure 9 is a cross section drawn on
line 3-3 of Figure 8, representing another modification.
In all the figures like parts are indicated by similar letters of reference.
Heretofore tiles have been fixed to walls partly by the aid of nails and partly
by cement. The use of nails however is objectionable for various reasons, and the
object of my present invention is to provide means for securely fixing tiles and at
the same time obviate the necessity for the use of nails.
Referring first to Figures 1. 2. 3 a is the body portion of the tile, the face of
which may be ornamented in any desired manner, it has a lip or flange bat its
upper part which is equal in length to the body part a and stands back from the
face thereof; it has also adjoining the upper edge of the front portion of the tile a
ledge extending the full length of the tile and standing up a short distance above
the lip or flange b. The back of the tile is formed with one or more longitudinal
grooves c and with transverse grooves or recesses and it has a recessed lower
edge a'. The tile as above described is constructed as heretofore, but according to
my present invention I make projections 63 on the upper edge of the lip or flange b
and form partly in the latter and partly in each of such projections & a square
outwardly flaring hole 3 of sufficient size for the purpose hereinafter referred to,
in addition to which the transverse grooves or recesses c¹ between the parts c² are
formed large enough to receive the projections 6 and allow the tile in process of
fixing to be worked a short distance to and fro to bed it on the cement covering the
lip or flange b of the lower tile. The sides of the transverse grooves or recesses c¹
or rather of the projections c² are also preferably inclined so that the said grooves
or recesses c¹ are narrower at their upper part than at their lower part to form a
key for the cement and thereby facilitate fixing.
The lower edge a' of each tile when fixed rests upon the upper edge a² of the
face of a lower tile and against the shallow ledge to allow for cement bed.
In the modification shown at Figures 4, 5, 6 the projections & and holes b
instead of having their sides at an angle of 45 degrees with the top of the lip or
flange bare made square with the latter thereby involving less risk of breakage of
the projections 62; the ledge b' is also dispensed with and in lieu thereof small
studs or projections are formed on the lip or flange and the longitudinal
groove at the back is dispensed with thereby closing the upper ends of the
recesses c¹ and so forming a larger bearing surface for the cement.

page_text: In the modification shown at Figures 7, 8, 9 instead of forming the lip or flange b
with projections 6 having holes ³, it has in lieu of such parts 63, 6, outwardly
flaring apertures &* made in the lip or flange 6 of sufficient size and which may be
of the shape shown or of other convenient shape and either completely or only
partially surrounded by the material of the tile, so long as the cement passing into
and through such apertures 6* shall form keys therein.
This latter modification has small studs or projections 61* on the face of the lip
or flange b as in the form shown at Figures 4, 5, 6 and a longitudinal groove c aud
transverse grooves or recesses c' on the back of the body as in the form shown
at Figures 1. 2. 3.
By my improved construction of tile, when pressing the tile upon the cement the
latter is forced into and through the holes or apertures 6** and by means of the
cement laid on the lip or flange 6 of the previously fixed tile, permanent keys are
formed which aided by the cement at the back of the tiles and that between the
parts a and b hold the tile securely in position.
The ledge or the small studs or projections 61* serve to gauge the thickness of
the bed of cement between the parts a' and band at the same time to secure a flush
surface to the face of the tiling.
The tiles shown at Figures 4 to 9 have nail holes & formed in the lip or flange b
to enable the tiles to be fixed to woodwork if required but such nail holes form no
part of my invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed 1 declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A tile formed with large outwardly flaring holes or apertures 636** in a
recessed lip or flange b to enable the same to be fixed in position without nailing
substantially as herein shown and described.
2. A tile constructed substantially as herein shown and described and for the
purpose stated.