Improvements in Presses for Forging, Cutting, Punching, Bending, and otherwise Operating upon Iron, Steel, or other Metals or Alloys, or other Materials.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Sept., 1887
Complete Left, 20th June, 1888
Complete Accepted, 20th July, 1888
Improvements in Presses for Forging, Cutting, Punching, Bending,
and otherwise Operating upon Iron, Steel, or other Metals or
Alloys, or other Materials.
I STEPHEN MASSEY of Openshaw in the County of Lancaster Engineer do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
'
My invention relates to presses for forging cutting, punching, bending, and other-
wise operating upon iron, steel or other metals or alloys or other materials separately
or two or more together which presses are actuated by steam, compressed air or other
clastic fluid or vapour.
In order to obtain a greater pressure upon the object or material being operated
upon than can conveniently be obtained by means of a single cylinder and piston or
ram I provide each press with two or more cylinders each of which is provided with
a piston or ram such cylinders and the pistons or rams with which they are respectively
provided being so arranged that when the maximum pressure is to be exerted upon
the object or material being operated upon the said pistons or rams operate in con-
junction with each other but when less than the maximum pressure is required one
or more of such pistons or rams may be brought into action.
In one arrangement of my invention I place the second, and when more than two
cylinders are employed, the remaining cylinder or cylinders behind the first cylinder,
the piston or ram or pistons or rams of the cylinder or cylinders behind the first
cylinder being brought into action as may be necessary or desirable when more force
or pressure than can be obtained from the piston or ram of the first cylinder is
required.
In another arrangement of my invention I place the cylinders side by side or in a
group and when the force or pressure of two or more of such cylinders is required
to be exerted upon the same object or material I connect two or more of the pistons
or rams with which the said cylinders are respectively provided to one table, and to
provide for cases in which it is desired to employ the cylinders aforesaid separately I
provide each of the said pistons or rams with a table which can be used when the
table previously mentioned is removed.

page_text: The presses constructed according to my invention may be arranged and placed so
as to act in an upward, downward, inclined or horizontal direction in accordance
with the nature and requirements of the work for which such presses are to be
employed.
I provide each of the cylinders with a suitable valve or valves to admit steam
compressed air or other elastic fluid or vapour to or permit the escape of steam, com-
pressed air or other clastic fluid or vapour from each cylinder independently of the
other cylinder or cylinders employed and I also provide a suitable valve or valves
by means of which steam compressed air or other elastic fluid or vapour may be
admitted to or permitted to escape from two or more or all of such cylinders
simultaneously.
To withdraw the operative piston or ram or pistons or rams from the object or material
being operated upon I in some cases employ the weight of one or more or all of the
pistons or rams and other moving parts or a weight or weights or a spring or springs
arranged and operating in any suitable manner and in some other cases employ for
the said purpose steam, compressed air, or other elastic fluid or vapour acting upon
the piston or ram or pistons or rams before mentioned or upon a piston or ram or
pistons or rams connected to one or more of the pistons or rams before mentioned
and operating in conjunction with a suitable cylinder or cylinders.
To prevent the pistons or rams from being accidentally forced out of the cylinders
in which they respectively work I provide stops upon the pillars or framing of the
presses.
The valves may be operated by the hands or feet of the attendant or attendants
and may be provided with or connected to a suitable lever or lovers by means of
which the bands or feet of the attendant or attendants may more readily operate the
valves.
W. T. CHEETHAM,
Carlton Chambers,,
10, Saint Ann's. Street, Manchester,
Agent to the Applicant.

page_text: PROCAIS ur
Alloys, or other Materials.
I STEPHEN MASSEY of Openshaw in the County of Lancaster Engineer do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be per-¨
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention relates to presses for forging, cutting, punching, bending and other-
wise operating upon iron, steel or other metals or alloys or other materials separately
or two or more together which presses are actuated by steam, compressed air or other
elastic fluid or vapour.
In order to obtain a greater pressure upon the object or material being operated
upon than can conveniently be obtained by means of a single cylinder and piston or
ram I provide each press with two or more cylinders each of which is provided with
a piston or ram such cylinders and the pistons or rams with which they are
respectively provided being so arranged that when the maximum pressure is to be
exerted upon the object or material being operated upon the said pistons or rams
operate in conjunction with each other but when less than the maximum pressure is
required one or more of such pistons or rains may be brought into action.
In one arrangement of my invention 1 place the second and when more than two
cylinders are employed the remaining cylinder or cylinders behind the first cylinder-
the piston or ram or pistons or rams of the cylinder or cylinders behind the first
cylinder being brought into action as may be necessary or desirable when more force
or pressure than can be obtained from the piston or ram of the first cylinder is
required.
In another arrangement of my invention I place the cylinders side by side or in a
group and when the force or pressure of two or more of such cylinders is required to
be exerted upon the same object or material I connect two or more of the pistons or
rams with which the said cylinders are respectively provided to one table and to
provide for cases in which it is desired to employ the cylinders aforesaid separately I
provide each of the said pistons or rams with a table which can be used when the table
previously mentioned is removed.
The presses constructed according to my invention may be arranged and placed so
as to act in an upward, downward, inclined or horizontal direction in accordance with
the nature and requirements of the work for which such presses are to be employed.
I provide each of the cylinders with a suitable valve or valves to admit steam com-
pressed air or other elastic fluid or vapour to or permit the escape of steam, compressed
air or other elastic fluid or vapour from each cylinder independently of the other
cylinder or cylinders employed and I also provide a suitable valve or valves by means
of which steam, compressed air or other clastic fluid or vapour may be admitted to or
permitted to escape from two or more or all of such cylinders simultaneously.

page_text: To withdraw the operative piston or ram or pistons or rams from the object or
material being operated upon I in some cases employ the weight of one or more or
all of the pistons or rams and other moving parts or a weight or weights or a spring
or springs arranged and operating in any suitable manner and in some other cases
employ for the said purpose steam, compressed air or other clastic fluid or vapour
acting upon the piston or ram or pistons or rams before mentioned or upon a piston
or ram or pistons or rams connected to one or more of the pistons or rams before
mentioned and operating in conjunction with a suitable cylinder or cylinders.
To prevent the pistons or rams from being accidentally forced out of the cylinders in
which they respectively work I provide stops upon the pillars or framing of the
presses.
The valves may be operated by the hands or feet of the attendant or attendants and
may be provided with or connected to a suitable lever or levers by means of which
the hands or feet of the attendant or attendants may more readily operate the valves:
One method of carrying one arrangement of my invention into effect is shown by
Figs. 1, 2 and 3 of the drawings hereunto annexed Fig. 1 being an elevation Fig. 2
a plan and Fig. 3 an elevation in section of a press constructed according to this
arrangement of my invention and provided with two cylinders-The same letters of
reference are applied to corresponding parts in Figs. 1, 2 and 3.
22
a is the foundation plate of the press-b is a bed plate and is the top of the press
The foundation plate a the bed plate and the top e are secured together by means
of the pillars d-Secured to the foundation plate a is a cylinder e provided with a
gland and stuffing box g-Within the cylinder e is a piston er ram -Secured to
the bed plate is a cylinder j provided with a gland and stuffing box Within the
cylinder is a piston or ram m- The piston or ram m is provided with a tube or
shell n which passes through a stuffing box o formed upon the bed-plate which forms
the lower end of the cylinder -The stuffing box o is provided with a gland p.-q is
a table which rests upon the top of the piston or ram m.- is a rod which
through a hole formed through the piston or ram m and tube or shell n.- -The lower
end of the rod rests upon the inner side of the piston or ram and the upper end
of the rod at times acts upon the die, swage or other tool secured or attached to the
table g The cylinder j is provided with a vavles by means of which steam, com-
pressed air or other elastic fluid or vapour is admitted to or permitted to escape from
the cylinder j-I provide the cylinder e with a valve by means of which steam,
compressed air or other elastic fluid or vapour may be admitted to or allowed to escape
from the cylinder e.
passes
The steam, compressed air or elastic fluid or vapour by which the. presses are
actuated shall for convenience refer to as clastic fluid.
To the valves s, t are connected pipes by means of which elastic fluid is supplied to
the cylinders je and to the valves s, t are connected pipes by means of which elastic
fluid is conducted away from the cylinders je-Fast upon the spindle of the
valves is a handle s-Mounted loose upon the spindle s¹ is a handle u to which is
jointed one end of a rod the other end of which is jointed to a lever t³ fast upon
the spindle of the valve t-Through the handles s², u are formed holes through
which a pin we may be passed so as to connect the two handles s², u together-Upon
the pillars d are formed collars d' which prevent the piston or ram m from being
moved upwards beyond a certain distance and thus prevent the piston or ram m from
being forced out of the cylinder -The table and the top c of the press are
respectively provided with T slots by means of which slots the various dies, swages or
other tools employed for operating upon the "work" may be attached to the "press."
When the maximum pressure is to be exerted upon the object or material being
operated upon the piston or ram m and the piston or ram are caused to operate in
conjunction with each other and at such times, when desirable, the attendant may
couple" the two handles and together by means of the pin wo but when less
than the maximum pressure is required only one of the pistons or rams m, his
employed When the valves stare in such position that elastic fluid can escape from
the cylinders je the pistons or rams mh will be caused by their weight to, descend...

page_text: In Figs. 1, 2 and 3 I have shown a press provided with two cylinders but I would
have it understood that when greater pressure is required than can be obtained from
two cylinders 1 employ an additional cylinder and piston or ram or additional
cylinders or pistons or rams placed in line behind the cylinders je such cylinder or
each of such cylinders being provided with a valve or valves by which steain may be
admitted to or allowed to escape from the said cylinder or cylinders.
2
In another arrangement of my invention I place the cylinders side by side or in a
group and when the force or pressure of two or more of such cylinders is required to
be exerted upon the same object or material I connect two or more of the pistons or
rams with which the cylinders are respectively provided to one table and to provide
for cases in which it is desired to employ the cylinders aforesaid separately--I provide
each of the said pistons or rams with a table which can be used when the table
previously mentioned is, removed. One method of carrying this arrangement of my
invention into effect is shewn in Figs. 4 and 5 which illustrate a form of press in
which four cylinders are employed-Fig. 4 is an elevation and Fig. 5 a plan. is a
foundation plate, y a bed plate and the top of the press-The foundation plate a, bed
plate y and top are secured together by means of pillars 1-The cylinders 2 and 3
are similar in construction, arrangement and operation to the cylinders e and j shown
in and described in reference to Figs. 1, 2 and 3-As the cylinders 2* and 3* are
similar in construction, arrangement and operation to the cylinders 2 and 3 I shall
apply to such cylinders 2* 3* and the parts connected therewith, with the addition of
an asterisk (*) the same letters of reference as are applied to the cylinders 2, 3 and the
corresponding parts connected therewith. I provide the piston or ram 4 with a table 5
and provide the piston or ram 4* with a table 5*-To the tables 5, 5* I secure a
plate or table 6-1 provide the cylinders 2 and 3 with valves 7 and 8 respectively by
means of which valves elastic fluid may be admitted to or allowed to escape from the
said cylinders 2, 3. I provide the cylinders 2* and 3* with valves 7* and 8*
respectively by means of which fluid may be admitted to or allowed to escape from
the said cylinders 2* 3*-The valve 7 may be worked by means of the handle 7ª and
the valve 8 may be worked by means of the handle 8" or the two handles 7" 8" may
be coupled together by means of the pin 9 so that by either of the handles 7 ga
being moved both of the valves 7, 8 may be operated-I provide the cylinders 2*
and 3* with valves 7* and 8* respectively by means of which elastic fluid may be
admitted to or allowed to escape from the cylinders 2* and 3* in a manner similar to
that previously described in reference to Figs. 1 2 and 3-The valve 7* may be worked
by means of the handle 7** and the valve 8* may be worked by means of the
handle Sa* or the two handles 7**, 8* may when desired be "coupled " together by
means of the pin 9* so that by either of the handles 7**, 8* being moved both of the
valves 7, 8* may be operated-When the maximum pressure is to be exerted upon
the object or material being operated upon the pistons or rams 4, 4*, 10, 10* are
caused to operate in conjunction with each other but when less than the maximum
pressure is required one, two or three of the pistons or rams 4, 4*; 10, 10* may be
brought into action. I provide the plate or table 6 and the top of the press with
T slots by means of which the various dies, swages or tools for operating upon the
"work"may be secured in the press-When the plate or table 6 is removed from the
tables 5. 5 the pistons or rams 4 and 10 may be employed independently of
the pistons or rams 4* and 10*. I form stops or collars 1ª upon the pillars 1 which
stops or collars 1 by preventing the pistons or rams 4. 4* from being moved upwards
beyond a certain distance prevent such pistons or rams 4. 4* from being accidentally
forced out of the cylinders in which such pistons or rams 4. 4* are respectively
placed.
*
To the valve 7 I connect a shaft 7b and to the valve 7* I connect a shaft 7b*-
I connect the shafts 7 7* together by means of plates 11, 11* and bolts 12 so that
by the handles 7 7** and 8ª 8** being moved the valves 7 and 8. 8* may be
worked simultaneously. By the bolts 12 being removed from the plates 11, 11* the
valves 7. S are rendered capable of being worked independently of the valves 7*, 8*.

page_text: In the presses shewn in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 the pistons or rams are shown as
being arranged to act in an upward direction-In presses so constructed I employ the
weight of the pistons or rams to withdraw the operative piston or ram or pistons or
rams from the object or material being operated upon.
Figs. 6, 7 and 8 show presses constructed according to my invention and arranged
to act in a downward direction and Figs. 6, 7 and 8 also show arrangements by means
of which the operative piston or ram or pistons or rams of such presses
or are raised
or withdrawn from the object or material being operated upon. Fig. 6 shows an
arrangement of press in which the pistons or rams are raised by springs-I raise
the piston or ram 13 by means of springs 14 placed upon the pillars 15 by which the
top 16 and bed plate 17 of the press are connected. One end of each of such
springs 14 abuts against the bed plate 17 and the other end of each of such springs 14
abuts against the table 18. I provide the cylinder 19 with a gland 20 and stuffing
box 21 through which one end of a piston rod 22 secured to the piston or ram 23
passes Screwed upon the upper end of the piston rod 22 is a nut 22ª beneath which
is a washer the nut and washer forming a collar-Surrounding the rod 22 is a
spring 24 one end of which abuts against the said washer and the other against the
beam 25 by which the top 16 of the press is stayed-The springs 14 and 24 after
being compressed by the descent of the pistons or rams 13, 23 will raise such pistons
or rams 13, 23 when required into the position in which they are indicated in the
drawing Fig. 7 shows a method in which the piston or rams may be raised by means
of weights-Secured to the table 26 is a frame 27 to which is secured one end of a
chain 28 which passes over a pulley 29 and is secured at its other end to a balance
weight 30-Secured to the piston rod 31. is one end of a chain 32 which passes over
a pulley 33 and is secured at its other end to a balance weight 34 The weight 30
must be sufficient to raise the table 26, frame 27 and piston or ram 35 when required
after the piston or ram 35 has been forced downward-The weight 34 must be suflicient
to raise the piston or ram 36 and piston rod 31 when required after the piston or
ram 36 has been forced downward.
Fig: 8 shows an arrangement of press constructed according to my invention in
which arrangement the pistons or rams and table are raised by means of the pressure
of an elastic fluid-In this arrangement of press the piston or ram 37 is formed with
a piston 38 which fits the interior of the cylinder 39-Between the piston or ram 37
and the cylinder 39 is an annular cavity 40-When it is desired to raise the piston or
ram 37 after it has been forced downwards elastic fluid under a sufficient pressure is
admitted into the annular cavity 40 and such fluid acting upon the lower side of the
piston 38 will raise the piston or ram 37 and table 41-I cause the piston or ram 42
in the cylinder 43 to be raised in a manner similar to that in which.the piston or ram 37
and table 41 are raised:
The valves herein before mentioned by which elastic fluid is admitted to or. allowed
to escape from the cylinders may be operated by the hands or feet of the attendant or
attendants and may be provided with or connected to a suitable lever or levers by
means of which the hands or feet of the attendant or attendants may more readily
operate the valves.
Although I have in the accompanying drawings shown each cylinder as being
provided with a valve by means of which elastic fluid may be admitted to or allowed
to escape from such cylinder one valve may be employed to admit elastic fluid to or
allow clastic fluid to escape from two or more cylinders."
In addition to being able to obtain a greater pressure upon the object or material
being operated upon than can conveniently be obtained by means of a single cylinder
I am also able by employing my invention to perform certain operations more con-
veniently than by employing a press provided with a single cylinder and piston or ram
of large dimensions.
Although I have in the drawings hereunto annexed shewn each of the pistons or
rams as being provided with one piston rod I would have it understood that such
pistons or rams may each if desirable be provided with two or more piston rods.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The herein before described improvement in presses for forging, cutting, punching,
bending and otherwise operating upon iron, steel or other metals or alloys or other
materials which improvement consists in an additional cylinder placed behind the first
cylinder and provided with a piston or ram and arranged and employed substantially
as hereinbefore described in reference to and illustrated in and by Figs. 1, 2, 3, 6, 7,
and 8 of the drawings hereunto annexed so that when required the piston or ram of
the additional cylinder may be caused to operate in conjunction with the piston or ram
of the first cylinder.
2. The herein before described improvement in presses for, forging, cutting, punching,
bending and otherwise operating upon, iron, steel or other metals or alloys or other
materials which improvement consists in additional cylinders placed behind the first
cylinder and each provided with a piston or ram and arranged and employed sub-
stantially as hereinbefore described in reference to and illustrated in and by the
drawings hereunto annexed so that when required the piston or ram or pistons or rams
of one or more or all of the additional cylinders may be caused to operate in conjunction
with the piston or ram of the first cylinder.
3. The hereinbefore described improvement in presses for forging, cutting, punching,
bending and otherwise operating upon iron steel or other metals or alloys or other
materials which improvement consists in an additional cylinder placed by the side of
the first cylinder and provided with a piston or ram and arranged and employed sub-
stantially as herein before described in reference to the drawings hereunto annexed so that
when required the piston or ram of the additional cylinder may be caused to operate
in conjunction with the piston or ram of the first cylinder.
4. The hereinbefore described improvement in presses for forging, cutting, punching,
bending and otherwise operating upon iron, steel or other metals or alloys or other
materials which improvement consists in additional cylinders placed by the sides of
or in a group with the first cylinder and arranged and employed substantially as
hereinbefore described in reference to the drawings hereunto annexed so that when
required the piston or ram or pistons or rams of one or more or all of the additional
cylinders may be caused to operate in conjunction with the piston of the first cylinder.
5. The herein before described improvement in presses for forging, cutting, punching,
bending and otherwise operating upon iron, steel or other metals or alloys, or other
materials which improvement consists in additional cylinders one or more placed by
the side of or in group with the first cylinder and another or others placed behind
the said first cylinder and additional cylinder or additional cylinders and arranged and
employed substantially as hereinbefore described in reference to Figs. 4 and 5 of the
drawings hereunto annexed so that when required the piston or ram or pistons or rams
of one or more or all of the additional cylinders may be caused to operate in
conjunction with the piston or ram of the first cylinder.
רד
1000