IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND VENTILATING ROOMS OR APARTMENTS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Hector Augusto Dufrené, of No. 10, Rue de la Fidélité,
Paris, in the Republic of France, and 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Civil
Engineer and Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND VENTILATING ROOMS OR APARTMENTS."
communication from Madame Mario Marmonier, of 54, Quai St. Vincent, Lyon,
in the Republic of France.
A
Sealed the 28th December 1878, and dated the 9th July 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Hector Auguste Dufrené at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th July 1878.
HECTOR AUGUSTE DUFRENÉ, of No. 10, Rue de la Fidélité, Paris, in the Republic
of France, and 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND VENTILATING ROOMS OR
APARTMENTS." [A communication from Madame Marie Marmonier, of 5+, Quai
St. Vincent, Lyon, in the Republic of France.]
The Invention communicated to me consists in an improved apparatus for heating
and ventilating rooms and apartments.
In carrying out the Invention I adapt a cap or cover to the fire-place, to which
cap or cover I fix one or more metal pipes, which rise to a certain height in the
interior of the chimney, where they are terininated by a plate or cone, closing the
chimney. The outer air is caused to arrive in the space contained between the pipes
and the walls of the chimney through a suitable opening, and at the upper part this
air, leated by the herein-before described pipe or pipes, escapes through other pipes
to be conducted to the places required to be heated.
The ventilation is effected by means of tubes which take the vitiated air and
convey it to the chimney above the berein-before described plate or cone closing the
chimney. The draught is thus produced by the heated air from the fire.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Hector Auguste Dufrené in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 9th
January 1879,
HECTOR AUGUSTE DUFRENÉ, of No. 10, Rue de là Fidélité, Paris, in the Republic
of France, and 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Civil Engineer and Patent
Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND VENTILATING ROOMS
OR APARTMENTS." A communication from Madame Marie Marmonier, of 54, Quai
St. Vincent, Lyon, in the Republic of France.
The Invention communicated to me consists in an improved apparatus for heating
and ventilating rooms and apartments.
.
In carrying out the Inventión I adapt a cap or cover to the fire-place, to which
cap or cover I fix one or more metal pipes, which rise to a certain height in the
interior of the chimney, where they are terminated by a plate or cone, closing
the chimney. The outer air is caused to arrive in the space contained between the
pipes and the walls of the chimney through a suitable opening, and at the upper
part this air, heated by the herein-before described pipe or pipes, escapes through
other pipes to be conducted to the places required to be heated.
The ventilation is effected by means of tubes, which take the vitiated air and
convey it to the chimney above the herein-before described plate or cone, closing
the chimney. The draught is thus produced by the heated air from the fire.
But to make my Invention better understood I will proceed to describe the same
by reference to the accompanying Drawing, in which Figure 1 is a vertical section
parallel with the front; Figure 2, a vertical section perpendicular to the front; and
Figure 3, a horizontal section.
In an ordinary chimney is adapted a grate covered with an ordinary iron cap or
cover G (or preferably grooved), from the top of which pass one or more sheet-iron
pipes or tubes H, H, H, to the suitably enlarged sheath of the chimney. Into this
sheath enters outside cold air, which is heated by its contact with the pipes or tubes;
this air is thus stored in the space comprised between the lower opening situated
behind the cap of the grate and a cast-iron plate I, which receives the smoke tubes.
This plate has a truncated conical form at an obtuse angle, so as to facilitate the
natural descent of the soot and the cleaning of the tubes.
When from the height of this reservoir the heat is not necessarily limited to one
storey, it may, according to circumstances, be made to traverse one, two, or more
stories; this hot air passes by the conduit pipe C into a distributing column D or
sheath, which could be made by the builder when the house is constructed, and
which is placed in the thickness of the wall. If it is made afterwards, then to
diminish the expense it could be constructed of metallic tubes or pipes placed in the
chimney, and projecting in front. In either case this sheath must be furnished with
test openings in order to make certain that the smoke tubes have perfectly tight
joints, and will not allow the smallest particle of soot to pass.
Further, it will be provided at the top of each room to be heated with an opening
E, furnished with a moveable register, which may be worked either by means of a
rigid rod, or by means of a flexible cord, the return to its normal position being
effected in this latter case by means of a small spiral spring.
In certain cases the heat may be sent directly into the room by means of a simple
opening made laterally in the heat reservoir of the chimney.
The escape of the vitiated air from the heated room is effected by another sheath,
which consists of a kind of chimney L, which, like that herein-before described, can
be constructed when the house is built.
It may be replaced, when my improvements are applied to a chimney already
constructed, eitlier by means of a column of metallic tubes or pipes opening in front
of the chimney, or by a pipe passing into a sheath.
It will be understood from the preceding description that the hot air entering at

page_text: the top of the room is drawn downwards, which has the double advantage of main-
taining there an uniform temperature, resulting from the forced mixture of the
various portions of air, and to cause the vitiated air to descend from the head
towards the feet, that is to say, to ventilate in a rational manner; whereas the
ordinary heating produces the opposite effects on the raising of the temperature in
the upper parts of the room, and consequently the ascension of the air from the feet
towards the head.
Part of these improvements may be used for the heating of chambers or rooms
employed for breeding silkworms, or for bed chambers, or for sick chambers, where
the patient's disease necessitates profuse perspiration.
In these cases a receiver can be placed in the space comprised between the back
of the cap or cover of the grate and interior walls of the brickwork of the chimney.
In this receiver wine and aromatic plants may be placed, and being placed close to
the grate the temperature of the mixture will be raised, and the air will draw along
with it the vapours which would thus be collected with it in the upper part of the
hot-air reservoir, and be conducted by means of a pipe close up to a bed placed in
the chamber, and the patient will thus be submitted to the effects of these
vapours.
My improvements may also be employed for heating and cooking provisions by
placing in a part of the space round the fire-place a sheet-iron plate, on which the
receivers are placed.
Having thus described my Invention, and the manner of performing the same,
what I claim is, the improvements in apparatus for heating and ventilating rooms
or apartments, as herein-before described and represented in the accompanying
Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Hector Auguste Dufrené, have hereto set
my hand and scal, this Sixth day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine.
H. A. DUFRENÉ. (L.S.)