Year: 1886

page_text: I, JAMES FYFE, of 95 Ardgowan Street, Glasgow, Lanarkshire, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of my invention to be as follows:-
My Invention has reference to a new or improved general construction of steam
boilers or improved special arrangements and combination of the main or essential
parts of steam boilers of the multitubular class, for the purpose of working at very
high pressures with great safety and economy, while being suitable for working at
very low pressures, either separately or in conjunction with the high pressure
arrangement; which improvements are susceptible of considerable modification to
suit the circumstances and conditions of particular cases.
My improvements as applied; in their simplest form, to a single detached steam
boiler for working at ordinary pressures (say up to 200 pounds or so on the square
inch) consist of welded or solid rolled or drawn mild steel or wrought iron tubes
or cylinders, preferably designed for being put together in parallel sets at a little
distance apart across the whole width of the furnace chamber and over each other, of
a diameter of from 8 to 18 inches; they might however, be of smaller and larger
diameters than these. The furnace chamber would be built nearly the full length
or width of the tubes, the lower tubes of the set resting by their end in the walls
of the furnace, which would have its furnace bars or grate nearly the full length
or width of the whole chamber, with one, two, or more furnace doors and hearths
as convenient for charging and managing the fires and necessary in the width,
mounted in the front wall below the ends, or side of the set of tubes and above the
usual ashpit or chamber below admitting the air. The tubes would each be closed
at their ends when small by "capping" in their ends while hot to form an
in-turned lip flange for jointing a simple checked disc cover from the inside of an
elliptical or built construction, for ease of insertion from the outer end, and
screwed up by a single central screw, nut, and cross bridge bar. For large tubes
or cylinders, the ends might be domed or capped up separately as ring ends, having
their outer flange rivetted over the end of the tube, and their central hole closed
in by a removable end cover jointed and screwed up from within one or more screw
studs, according to the size of door, and cross bridge bars and nuts outside, much
the same as for the small tubes. The tubes would be erected nearly horizontally
in deep vertical rows over each other, connected to each other by two or more
short preferably flanged branches at a sufficient distance apart to admit the rivets.
Each alternate vertical row of tubes would be placed in the hollows or recesses
formed between the tubes of its adjacent row, so that their axes would be all
equally distant from each other. These vertical rows would be connected by
similar short radial flanged branches, at the bottom, and up near the water level,
to give complete circulation of the water upwards and downwards through the
vertical connecting and radial branches of the whole set or stack of tubes forming
he boiler. The whole of the upper tubes might be connected by similar radial

page_text: flanged branches to connect the whole upper set of tubes above the water into one
steam chamber. Each boiler so formed of these stacks of horizontal tubes would
be built within an outer brick wall along both sides and over the top; or with
sheet iron plating, or closed in by fitting the outer set of tubes close together, and
in either case covering the whole outer exposed surface of the plates or tubes, with
a considerable thickness of any of the usual good non-conducting materials used
for covering steam boilers generally. At one end of each vertical row of the
lower water tubes, a small pipe may be so fitted, down through one set of their
vertical connecting branches, as to convey the water direct from the upper level
back to the lower tube. At this end also, each lower tube would have a short
vertical branch pipe leading down into a large transverse blow-off tube, constructed
as the other tubes described, and fitted in a separate close chamber of bricks or
non-conducting cased lining at the back of the ashpit. All the sediment and
sludge would gravitate into this lower tube and be blown off from time to time as
required. These boilers would each be fitted with a steamn chamber above the
brickwork, and connected by vertical branches to the upper sets of the boiler
tubes, and have safety & stop-valve chests and all the other mountings usual on
steam boilers. These boilers could be erected side by side in sets of two, three, or
more according to the amount of steam power required. Where different pressures
of steam were required or could be used, somno of the boilers could be made
to work and generate the steam at the high pressures, and the others at the
lower pressures.
The hot gases after escaping from the flues of the high pressure
boilers, could be led through the heating chambers around the tubes of the low
pressure boilers, and thus take up the heat from them at the high temperature due
to the high pressure of the first boilers; and in like manner the hot gases from
the second set of boilers could, be led through the heating chambers around the
tubes of another set of boilers working at a still lower pressure and temperature,
(as only a few pounds above the pressure of the atmosphere), which would make a
very economical arrangement, and I consider might be utilised to some extent
where double and triple expansive steam engines are used. A simple arrangement
of this kind could be constructed according to my improvements (where there was
plenty of height for it) by making and working the lower stack of tubes separate
from the upper stack or set; the lower set being ranged over furnaces working at
the high pressure as a high pressure boiler, and the upper set as the low pressure
boiler; so that as the hot gases escaped from the surface of the tubes of the boiler
below they would pass on through among the tubes of the upper low pressure
boiler which would thus take up most of the heat from them and allow them only
to escape to the flue of the chimney at the temperature due to tho pressure of
steam in the low pressure boiler. Where sufficient height could not be obtained to
erect these sets of horizontal tubes over each other in a single boiler, to absorb the
heat from the flaines and hot gases of the furnace below before they passed off to
the chimney, as on board some steam ships. In such cases I would erect two of
my said tubular boilers to work together end to end, with a vertical hot-gas return
flue chamber between them and the adjacent ends of the lower sets of tubes, which
might both be connected by their water and stean connecting branches and pipes
as before described as one high pressure steam boiler. The upper set of tubes on
both sides might be similarly connected to work and generate steam at a very much
lower pressure, and both sets of tubes and boilers would be separated off by a roof
of brickwork or other equivalent, right across both vertical stacks. In this
arrangement of my improvements with the two sets of tubes set end to end, the
furnaces below would be charged through the doors ranged over the ash pits
opening to either opposite or outer ends, while the blow-off tubes would be ranged
within a transverse chamber in the centre, behind the furnaces under the central
return flue. In this arrangement of my improvements, to get the necessary extra
heat absorbing surface, I make all the water tubes, except those immediately over
the furnaces, annular, by jointing large central flue heating tubes through their
centre, preferably by ring flanges at their inner ends secured by screw bolts or

page_text: studs and nuts which can be screwed up; or jointed or unjointed from within the
central return fluc, and removed or inserted from the outer ends, where they would
be fitted with a sheet-iron flue conducting casing all over the outer ends of both
sets of tubes above the furnace doors, analogous to those now used in ordinary
tubular boilers, for conducting the lot gases from the lower divisions of tubes to
the upper reverse current set. In this arrangement the end walls would be so
built up around the opposite ends of the tubes over the front and back walls of the
furnaces, as to cause all the flames and hot gases from these to pass around and act
on the outer surface of all the tubes of the two lower connected high pressure
boilers, and then pass back under the brick division roof of these along the outsides
of the upper set of steam tubes, down the central return flue chamber, through the
new flue tubes in the centre of the large annular water tubes below on either side
and set, back to and up through the flue casings at the outer ends of both sets of
boilers over the furnace doors, so as to conduct all the hot gases which escape from
the lower high-pressure boilers through the flue tubes in the centre of and all
round between the outer surfaces of these annular tubes of the upper low-pressure
boiler into a central flue or smoke box chamber leading to the chimney. from both
sets of boilers, the gases thus escaping thereto robbed of their heat down to the
absorbing power and temperature of the low-pressure boiler. This arrangement
would have a steam tube chamber above jointed by branches to the annular water
tubes of the low-pressure boiler and over their closing-in roof, and which could be
heated on the under side by the hot gases passing off to the chimney from the
central flue chamber. This arrangement of my improvements would be most
economical of fuel and give great heating surface and great safety from its tubular
construction and the small quantity of water in the whole boiler heated up to the
temperature due to the very high pressure to which this construction of steam
boiler is capable of being worked, namely, to several thousands of pounds on the
square inch.
Under these improvements the water would be led into the low-pressure boiler
first and there part with all or nearly all the saline or other impurities held in
solution, which deposit and incrust on the interior of steam boilers; even where a
low pressure steam boiler is not required with my improved construction and
arrangement of steam boilers for working at very high pressures, I would use a
small separate boiler of this construction, worked at a low pressure, for first feeding
the water into, before feeding it from this boiler into the main or high pressure
steam boiler, which would thus be worked with comparatively pure water and
would therefore not get so soon incrusted and would work with a greater heat
conducting power and for a longer time without requiring blowing off or cleaning.
The water would be fed from the separate low-pressure or the special separated
low-pressure feed boiler, either by feed pumps or injectors worked by the steam
from the high pressure boiler in the ordinary manner. The outer ends of the tubes
of these boilers would all project out beyond their carrying or enclosing furnace.
walls, but might be covered in by removable or doored casings, so as to be able to
get at any or all of their end removable doors for scaling or cleaning the interior of
the tubes from time to time when required. In some cases, as when the tubes of
these boilers were long, they might be fitted with ring or segmental scrapers
of any usual construction, for cleaning the outside surface of the tubes, between
their connecting vertical and radial branch pipes, only to be used at times, operated
by connecting rods passed in through holes in the end walls for the purpose, and
which could draw the scraper up towards the ends of the tubes before removal and
leave them there, away from the direct action of the flames.
Dated
T

page_text: Improvements in Steam Boilers.
I, JAMES FYFE, of 95, Ardgowan Street, Glasgow, Lanarkshire, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of my invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement in writing, reference being had to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say -
My said invention has reference to a new or improved general construction of
steam boilers, or improved special arrangements and combination of the main or
essential parts of steam boilers of the multitubular class, for the purpose of working
at very high pressures with great safety and economy, while being also suitable
for working at very low pressures, either separately or in conjunction with the
high pressure arrangement; which improvements are susceptible of considerable
modification to suit the circumstances and conditions of particular cases.
And in order that the nature and novelty of my said invention, and the manner
of performing or carrying the same into effect or practice may be properly under-
stood, I have hereunto appended a Sheet of Explanatory Drawings, in which the
same reference letters are used to indicate the same or corresponding parts in all
the Figures where shown.
.
Figure 1, is an end view, partly in section, of part of one modification of my
improvements in steam boilers, and Figure 2, is a longitudinal section of the same
corresponding to Figure 1, illustrating a simple single detached form of steam
boiler constructed in accordance with my improvements. Figures 3 and 4, are end
and side sections respectively of a modification of the construction of boiler illus-
trated in Figures 1 and 2, shown as a double or semi-detached boiler in accordance
with my improvements, a part of one of the boilers in Figure 4, being shown as
broken away. Figures 5 and 6, are an end elevation, partly in section, and a side
elevation respectively, of a modified form or construction of my improved steam
boiler. from that shown in Figures 1 to 4, different arrangements of the steam
generating tubes and other details as a single detached boiler, with a steam super-
heater J, arranged in the throat of the chimney B'; a horizontal section of which is
shown in Figure 7. Figures 8 and 9, are end and side elevations respectively both
partly in section, showing my improvements as applied to a horizontal cylindrical
marine tubular boiler, shown in elevation in Figure 9, with horizontal furnace flues
through it arranged as a duplex boiler working at different pressures; all these
modifications of steam boilers being designed as applicable for marine purposes,
although they might also be used for land boilers.
Referring to Figures 1 and 2 of these Drawings, my improvements as applied in
their simplest form, to this single detached steam boiler for working at ordinary
pressures, (say up to 200 pounds or so on the square inch) consist of welded or
solid rolled or drawn mild steel or wrought iron tubes or cylinders A, preferably
with close capped flanged ends A¹, and designed for being put together in parallel
vertical rows or sets over each other at a little distance apart or zig-zag in the
alternate rows to occupy the spaces between the rows on each side of them across
the whole width of their enclosing furnace chamber B, and over the furnace C

page_text: immediately below them, they would generally be made of a diameter of from 8
to 18 inches; but they might be made smaller or of a larger diameter as illustrated
in some of the other Figures. The furnace and furnace grate Cris built nearly the
full length or width of the whole set of tubes A in the furnace chamber B, the
lower rows of tubes of the set resting by their ends in the front and back
walls B¹, B", of the furnace, which has its furnace bars or grate C nearly the full
length or width of the whole chamber, resting on the front and back plates C1, CH,
with one, two, or more furnace doors C2, over the hearth plates C in the front
wall B¹ convenient for the width of boiler, and for the charging and managing of
the fires; these doors C" being, preferably below the ends of the intermediate or
alternate vertical sets of tubes A highest off the fire-grate and above the usual ash
pit or chamber D below admitting the air. The ends A¹ of these tubes A while
being flanged hot are cut and capped-in in the centre to form an in-turned lip
flange for jointing a simple checked disc cover or manhole cleaning door from the
inside of a slightly elliptical or oval construction, for ease of insertion from the
outer end and screwed up by a single central screw stud and nut, and cross bridge
bar as shown at E, the jointing lip in the ends A¹ being machined or faced up
before riveting. For large tubes or cylinders A their ends might be flanged or
domed or capped up separately to have the flange bolted to the closing in ends A¹
outside over the end of the tube as shown at E¹; or otherwise have the central
hole in the end plates A¹, closed in by a removable end cover jointed and screwed
up from within (or without) by one or more T headed or other screw studs,
according to the size of the door, and cross bridge bars inside or outside with the
screwing up nuts outside, much the same as shown at E, for the small tubes. The
tubes A, are erected nearly horizontally in deep vertical rows over each other con-
Dected to each other by two or more short preferably flanged vertical branchos a, a¹,
at a sufficient distance apart to admit the rivets. Each alternate vertical row
of tubes is placed in the hollows or recesses formed between the tubes A of its
adjacent row, so that their axes would (preferably) be all equally distant froin each
other. These vertical rows are occasionally connected by similar diagonal short
radial flanged branches a" at the bottom, and up near the water level, to give
complete circulation of the water upwards and downwards through the vertical
connecting and radial branches a, d, of the whole set or stack of tubes A, forming
the boiler. The whole of the upper tubes A might be connected by similar radial
flanged branches a", to connect the whole upper set of tubes above the water and
lead the steam by the branch pipes "a", a, preferably fitted with cocks a³, to one
transverse steam chamber F placed in the throat of the smoke box B³ leading to
the chimney B, at top of boiler, and fitted outside with ordinary safety and stop
valves F, F. Each .boiler so formed of these stacks of horizontal tubes A is built
within an outer brick wall B' along both sides and it might be over the top,
preferably with sheet iron plating b outside, or closed in by fitting an outer set of
water tubes K close together shown more particularly in Figure 5; and in any
case the whole outer exposed surface of the plates or tubes or outer wall B, or
sheet metal may be covered with a considerable thickness of any of the usual good
non-conducting materials used for covering steam boilers generally shown at b¹ in
Figures 1 and 2, and several of the other Figures. At one end of each vertical
row of the lower water tubes A, a small pipe d is so fitted down through one set of
their vertical connecting branches al as to convey the water direct from the upper
level back to the lower tube. At this end also, each lower set of the vertical row
of tubes A, would have a short vertical branch pipe leading down into a large
transverse blow-off tube or cylinder d³, constructed as the other tubes described,
and fitted in a separate close chamber D between the plates D1, D2, but which
might be lined with bricks or other non-conducting cased lining at the back of the
ashpit D. All the sediment and sludge or brine would gravitate into this lower
tube and be blown off from time to time as required, by ordinary blow-off
cocks d³. These boilers are each fitted with a steam chamber F above the brick-
work, and connected by vertical branches a to the upper sets of the boiler tubes A.

page_text: The steam chamber F is fitted with the stop valve or valves F, and would be
fitted with the ordinary safety valves F, and all the other mountings usual on
steam boilers not shown in the Drawings. These single boilers as shown in
Figures 1 and 2, could be erected side by side in sets of one, two, three or more
according to the amount of steam power required.
The front and back walls B¹, B, which carry the ends of the boiler tubes A, A¹,
and A, A2, would preferably be carried on cast iron or other standards and plates
or frames D1, D2, as seen more particularly in Figure 2, and the frame D¹ might
also for the front or end plate of the furnace carrying the furnace doors C³, and
these plates when made strong might extend the whole height from bottom to top
at D³ across the whole back and front of the furnaces, and they might be made in
one or more parts and bolted together to maintain the whole brick work, together
with the side plates benclosing the furnace chamber B and boiler tubes A, A¹
The feed water may be supplied to either the upper or lower feed branch pipes c
or c¹ or both preferably fitted with stop cocks, from the feed pumps or injectors in
a usual manner.
In these Figures 1 and 2 and all the other Figures arrows indicate the admission
of the air to the furnaces, and of the flames and hot gases of combustion therefrom
through the heating furnace chambers B around the tubes and through the flues,
while darts indicate the direction of inlet feed and the circulation of the water to
and through the boiler and also that of the steam to the upper tubes.
These tubular boilers shown in Figures 1 and 2 may be made of various widths
and built to any desired height where convenient to absorb the heat out of the
gases to the lowest possible temperature before passing off to the chimney B*.
Where sufficient height could not be obtained (as on board some steam ships) to
erect these sets of horizontal tubes over each other without flues through them in
a single boiler, to absorb the heat from the flames and hot gases of the furnace
below before they passed off to the chimney as is effected in Figures 1 and 2. In
such cases I could erect two of my said boilers with the rows of vertical tubes A, A²,
over each other, some of them with return flues A² through them, as shown in
Figures 3 and 4, set to work together with their back ends towards each other and
having a vertical hot-gas return flue chamber H between them and the adjacent
ends A¹ of their tubes A, A, which would all be connected substantially as
described in reference to Figures 1 and 2, by their water and stean connecting
branches a, a, 2, and their blow-off pipes d, and feed branches c, c¹, as one high
pressure steam boiler..
In this arrangement of my improvements with the two sets of tubes A, A³, set
end to end, a roof of brick work H¹ or other equivalent is built or fitted right across
both vertical stacks of tubes dividing the flue space or chamber B outside the tubes
of each set into two, a lower and an upper below and above the roof or division H'.
The furnace C, below each set of tubes A, A³, is charged through the doors C³,
ranged over the ashpits D and front plates C, B1, D³, as in the former arrangement
Figures 1 and 2, but opening at the opposite or outer ends below the return flue
smoke boxes L above and in front. While in this case the blow off tubes d' and
pipes d¹ connecting them with the lower tubes A of the boiler are ranged within a
single transverse chamber D* in the centre between the back end supporting
plates D, D, of boilers, and under the central return flue H. In this arrange-
ment of my improvements, to get the necessary extra heat absorbing surface,
I make all the water tubes A, except those A immediately over the furnaces C
and under the dividing roof H¹ annular, by jointing large central flue heating
tubes A through their centre, preferably by ring ends and flanges A₁ at their inner
ends screwed by screw bolts or studs and nuts which can be screwed up, or jointed
or unjointed from within the central return flue H, and removed or inserted from
the outer larger ring and flanged ends A¹ in front where they would be fitted with
a sheet-iron flue conducting casing L, all over the outer ends of both sets of
tubes A, A², fitted with hinged flue cleaning doors outside though not shown in
the drawings, above both sets of furnace doors C2, (analogous to the return cleaning

page_text: flues now used in the front of ordinary marine tubular boilers) and for conducting
the hot gases from the lower sets of tubes A, A, below the divisions H¹ to the
upper reverse current set above the division H¹ into the central flue H* up into
the chimney B*. In this arrangement the outter and inner end walls B and B of
both the lower set of tubes A, A, would be so built up around the outer surface of
the corresponding ends of the tubes, over the furnaces C, as to cause all the flames
and hot gases from these to pass around and act on the outer surface of all the
lower tubes of both sets or boilers within their furnace chamber B, and then pass
back close under the division roof through an opening in the back walls B
along the upper set of steam tubes down the central return flue chamber H,
through the new flue tubes A' in the centre of the large annular water tubes A, A²,
below on either side or set of tubes to the front and up through the flue
casings L, L, over the furnace doors of both boilers; so as to conduct all the hot
gases which escape from the flue tubes A' of the lower set of water or boiler
tubes A through the flue tubes A, A2 in the centre of and also all round between
the outer surfaces of the annular tubes A A², of the upper set of tubes of both
boilers within the upper flue chambers B, into a central uptake flue H2 leading to
the smoke box chamber B³, and throat of chimney from both sets of these tubular
boilers. In this arrangement Figures 3 and 4, a steam collecting and supply tube
chamber F, is shown in the upper flue space B³, or throat of chimney and jointed
by branches a, a, to the upper annular steam, or steam and water tubes A, A²,
analogous to Figures 1 and 2, when either of these are fitted as single or connected
boilers acting at the same pressure of steam, so that this steam receiver F would be
heated on the under or outer surface by the hot gases passing off to the chimney B₁
from the central flue chamber H2. These improved arrangements of my close, and
annular tubular boilers, Figures 1 and 2 and 3 and 4 would be most economical of
fuel and give great heating surface and great safety from their small tubular
construction, and the small quantity of water contained in the whole boiler heated
up to the temperature due to the very high pressure to which this construction of
steam boiler is capable of being wrought.
Referring to Figures 5, 6, and 7, this shows an arrangement and combination of
the parts of a tubular steam boiler constructed in accordance with my improve-
ments, slightly modified, from either of the previous arrangements shown in
Figures 1 and 2, and 3 and 4, but like the former it is a single detached boiler
with the furnace C below the whole stack of tubes A, and A, A3, so that the flames
and hot gases pass direct up the furnace chamber B to the chimney and heat the
surface of all the tubes within the chamber. In this arrangement three large
annular boiler tubes A As with large internal surface heating tubes A2, are ranged
equally sufficient over the fire grate bars C to allow a proper depth of incan-
descent fuel and a small cylindrical tube A³ below each, dividing and separating
the fires over the bars between the tubes A. and A, A, the lower water
tubes A³, being connected each at the back end by the pipes d¹ with the sludge
collector 2, fitted with blow-off cocks and sludge doors d³, d*. Each annular
tube A, A2, is fitted with two or more large short flue radial tubes a, a, angled
on each side above and below, with flanges jointed and riveted to the outer and
inner tubes A and A³, for the flames to pass up through the lower radial tubes a³,
and heat the inner tubes A2 and then pass up through the upper radial tubes a³,
with the gases heating the outside of these annular tubes A, A, and so heat
the whole of the vertical rows or sets of close ended tubes A above. Three
sets of these horizontal tubes A are erected vertically over the lower aunular
tubes A, A, and connected directly to these and to each other by large up take
steam and water current branches a, a¹ and down current water branches and
tubes & reaching from the bottom of each tube A down to near the bottom of the
one below it to insure the downward circulation of the water through the whole.
These three vertical sets of tubes A are connected at top by one set of steam
collecting tubes f into the top central steam cylinder A, F, fitted with a safety and
stop valve F, F, of their own.
Two sets of vertical boiler tubes A" are erected

page_text: over the spaces between the annular tubes A, A, and those A exactly over these.
not ranged in zig-zig order, but in parallel horizontal and vertical rows with these
tubes A, and connected below by a set of water feed tubes e, of their own, and by
separate steam valves and pipes G, G¹, at top, and safety and stop valves F¹, F²,
outside the front of boiler, while their upper steam pipes G¹, inside the furnace
chamber B are connected by pipes g, to a short cylindrical tubular steam super-
heater Jj, fitted in the throat of the chimney B'; the lower part of this heater
only being shown in the Drawings to save roon. These pipes g could be fitted
with safety or regulating pressure valves at G, and the weight of this steam, or it
might be a water heater J, j, above it could be made to form the load on the valves
at G. In this way the three ranges of boiler tubes A' A¹ over the lower annular
tubes A1, A2, might be made to work as one steam boiler say of a high pressure,
and the other two vertical ranges of pipes A¹, between the former might be worked
as a boiler with a lower pressure of steam, or both sets might be connected with
the same drawing-off steam pipes and worked as a single boiler in which case the
different vertical rows of tubes might be connected below and above by diagonal
or radial branches all, as in Figures 1 and 2. The water for feeding this boiler
would be fed into the upper annular water heater K and led into the top of the
range of small water heating pipes or tubes K¹, lining the whole inside of the
furnace chamber B on both sides. The water would also be fed into these pipes
or tubes K¹, at the bottom by the lower range of feed pipes c¹; and as these pipes K¹
are connected by knee branches k at their ends, the water would circulate in an
undulatory manner from end to end and upwards, or it might be downwards, and
be fed by the conducting pipes c c¹ to the lower main tubes d'A³, of the boiler.
These small water tubes K¹ might have their close ends formed of hollow stop
spigot or ferrule ends / screwed into the ends of the tubes K¹, reduced at their
outer ends and screwed inside so as to have screw plugs ², screwed into them, for
ease of removal, outside the front and back end plates of the boiler D³, for the
cleaning of the tubes from time to time. End flanges E¹, are secured on the ends A¹,
of the larger tubes A also outside these end plates D³, for the cleaning out of these
tubes;
and recesses I, and loose doors I', are also fitted in these two back and front
end plates D³, for getting at and brushing the outer surfaces of these tubes A of
the boiler.
In this arrangement of boiler Figures 5 and 6, where the lower tubes A, A³, are
made large and annular as shown, a fire-grate furnace C³ may be fitted within each
central tube A³, (A as in furnaces shown in ordinary internal furnace tube boilors,)
and as shown at C³ also in Figures 8 and 9. Otherwise this boiler is constructed
substantially as in Figures 1 and 2, and the corresponding parts are indicated by
the same letters of reference, the main horizontal boiler tubes A and A" being
preferably connected in both cases by the short flange branches a, a¹, at one end,
to allow of their expansion and contraction without seriously straining the joints
of these tubes; the arrows in these Figures 5, 6 and 7 show the course of the hot
gases from the furnace upwards, while the darts indicate the circulation of the
water and steam as in the former Figures. The ends A¹ of the tubes A A¹¹,
and A A², of these tubular boilers would all project out beyond their carrying or
enclosed furnace walls B₁ B", and plates D³; but might be covered in by outer
removable plates at E, I, doors or casings as at I, so as to be able to get at any or
all of their screwed tight joint E, E, or removable end doors I, I, for cleaning or
scaling the interior or outside of the tubes A, A, and A A2, from time to time when
required. In some cases, as when the tubes A, A¹¹, A A3, of these boilers were
made long, they might be fitted with ring or segmental scrapers of any usual
construction, for cleaning their outside surface, between their connecting vertical
and radial branch pipes a, a, only to be used at times, operated by connecting
rods passed in through holes I, 11, in the end walls or plates.D³, for the purpose;
which actuating hand rods could draw the scrapers up towards the ends of the f
tubes before removal, and leave them there, away from the direct action of the
flames.

page_text: Where different pressures of steam were required or could be used, any of these
boilers shown in Figures 1 to 7 could be made to work and generate the steam at
the high pressures, and the others at the lower pressures. The hot gases after
escaping from the flues of the high pressure boilers could be led through the
heating chambers around the tubes of the low pressure boilers, and thus take up
the heat from them at the high temperature due to the bigh pressure of the first
boilers; and in like manner the hot gases from the second set of boilers could be
led through the heating chambers around the tubes of another set of boilers
working at a still lower pressure and temperature (say only a few pounds above
the pressure of the atmosphere) which would make a very economical arrangement,
and I consider might be utilized to some extent where double and triple expansive
steam engines are used.
In any of these improved tubular steam boilers with the tubes arranged and
fitted over each other as shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3, 4, and 5, 6, 7, where there
was plenty of height for this arrangement, the lower sets of tubes A and A A³,
over the furnaces, might by these improvements (as below the horizontal division Hi
in Figures 3 and 4) be all connected by their steam and water branches a, a¹, as a
high pressure steam boiler; while all the upper set of these tubes A and A, A²,
might be similarly connected by their steam and water branches a, a¹, as a low
pressure steam boiler. Both of these boilers being fitted with their separate feed
water and blow-off pipes c, c', and d², d³, and arrangements of steam receivers F,
as, a³, and safety stop valves F1, F2, and other usual necessary fittings of a steam
boiler, so that as the hot gases escaped from below, they would pass on through
among the tubes of the upper low pressure boiler which would thus take up most
of the heat from them and allow them only to escape to the flue of the chimney B
at the temperature due to the pressure of steam in' the low pressure boiler.
upper set of tubes A A2, above the brick division EI' on both sides of the arrange-
ments shown in Figures 3 and 4, might thus be similarly connected to work and
generate steain at a very much lower pressure than the lower sets on opposite sides
below the division and have all the advantages of utilizing the heat of the escaping
gases down to the absorbing power and temperature of the low pressure boiler.
The
Under these improvements the water would be led into the upper low pressure
boiler first, or into a feed water heater K, above this in the throat B3 of the
chimney B and there part with all or nearly all the saline or other impurities held
in solution, which deposit and incrust the interior of steam boilers. Even where
a low pressure steam boiler is not required with my improved construction and
arrangement of tubular steam boilers for working at very high pressures, I would
use a separate feed water heater above it as K, or a small boiler of this improved
tubular construction, worked at a low pressure, for first feeding the water into,
before feeding it from this boiler into the main or high pressure steam boiler,
which would thus be worked with comparatively pure water and would therefore
not get so soon incrusted, and would work with a greater heat conducting power,
and for a longer time without requiring blowing-off or cleaning; and this arrange-
ment might very conveniently be fitted to and above the ordinary large horizontal
tubular boilers of the type or character used in steam ships, an example of this
arrangement or application of any improvements being shown in Figures 8 and 9
of the Drawings. The water would by these improvements be fed from the said
separate low-pressure feed boiler into the lower high pressure tubular steam boiler
or into the ordinary main steam boiler, either by feed pumps, or by injectors
worked by the steam from the high pressure boiler otherwise in the ordinary
manner.
Referring to Figures 8 and 9 this shows an arrangement of my new or improved
method of fitting and combining tube steam boilers (composed wholly of tubes or
cylinders) as an auxiliary or low pressure steam boiler to an ordinary horizontal
cylindrical tubular steam boiler M, which may be worked as a high pressure boiler,
and is erected at and over the smoke-box L, and steam dome M², of the ordinary
boiler, so as to be heated by the hot gases escaping from the internal tubes m, of

page_text: this boiler M, into the smoke-box I, which is made large to form part of the outer
case D of this arrangement of heating chamber B, surrounding and enclosing the
new tube boiler formed of tubes A, ranged and fitted substantially as in Figures 1
and 2, with steam collecting tubes or vessels F, at the top fitted with separate
safety and stop valves F1 and F for this as a low pressure boiler A A¹, separate
from those F3, F1, of the main high pressure boiler M, M¹. In this arrangement
the new tubes A, A¹, would be made of different lengths to occupy all the available
space at top of boiler M, M³, and be fitted below with a transverse sludge collecting
cylinder 2, and connected at d¹ to all the lower tubes A of the set, and fitted with
the usual blow-off cock d³, and feed water pipes c, c. The hot gases would pass
up from the smoke box L, around and between the outer surface of all the tubes A
and heat them within their enclosing heating chamber B, before passing out through
the chimney B, all as indicated by the arrows, having their heat reduced before
escaping to the chimney to the lowest possible temperature due to the absorbing
power of the upper tubes A, of this low pressure boiler. Round the outer neck
of the chimney B would be fitted as in Figures 6 and 7, a water heater K, into
which the feed water would be fed by the pipes c, cl, and from the bottom of which
the saline matter or sludge might be conveyed down to the sludge chamber d², by
the pipe and cocks c², c¹¹.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is ==
First. The general construction and combination of the main parts of horizontal
multitubular steam boilers having the close ended or annular tubes (as A and A A³)
fitted and connected together in parallel vertical rows over their furnaces, whether
worked as single high pressure or as duplex high and low pressure boilers, substan-
tially as herein described and distinguished in reference to and shown in Figures 1
and 2, 3 and 4, 5 and 6, or 8 and 9 of the accompanying Drawings.
Second. In horizontal multitubular steam boilers, having their tubes, whether
close ended or annular (as A and A A2) connected in vertical rows over each other
only by short water and steam branches a, (preferably near one end to allow for
free expansion,) and having their ends extending unconnected outside both ends of
their enclosing heating chamber over the furnace, and either combined or not with
a water heater or a tubular steam superheater in the neck of the funnel B4, all
substantially as herein described in reference to and shown in the accompanying
Drawings.
Third. The construction of any of my improved horizontal multitubular steam
boilers and mode of using the same as an auxiliary low pressure boiler to a main
high pressure boiler of the like construction, and which may either be heated
by a furnace C, below it or by the hot gases led in there from the main high
pressure boiler, and which may heat the water for the main boiler also, all
substantially as herein described in reference to the accompanying Drawings.
Dated thig 7th day of Ontaban 1000