Improvements in Armatures for Dynamo-electric Machines.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Sept., 1894-Accepted, 20th Oct. 1894
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by RUDOLF EICKEMEYER, of Yonkers, in the County
of Westchester and State of New York, United States of America, Manu-
facturing Engineer.]
Improvements in Armatures for Dynamo-electric Machines.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co., Patent
Agents, 45 Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The invention relates to a cylindrical armature wound with wire, and has
especial reference to an armature in which the periphery is covered with several
thicknesses of wire, although the most important details of construction within and
forming essential and controlling parts of the invention are applicable to an
armature in which the covering upon the periphery consists of a single thickness of
wire.
The invention consists in covering the armature drum with a wire winding in
divisions, each of which is made up of a group of two or more individual members
or coils, each having a long side and a short side lying along the periphery of the
drum in two or more layers, and inclined ends lying across the beads of said drum
in flattened webs of a single thickness of wire, said long and said short sides of the
individual coils in each division or group being separated on the periphery of said
drum by spaces which receive respectively the short and long sides of other similar
individual coils belonging to other similar groups, and said long sides in each group
being arranged on the periphery of the drum in the reverse order of the short sides
of the same group.
The invention consists, further, as stated above, in details of construction which
are hereinafter fully set forth.
In the accompanying drawing
Figure 1 illustrates in end view a bipolar drum armature provided with my novel
winding, each coil having four turns or convolutions, in two layers on the face of the
armature.
Figure 2, illustrates the core of the armature in end view, with a single division
of winding or a group of three members thereon.
Figure 3, in plan view and section illustrates one of said members or coils.
Figure 4 illustrates the same coil in end view.
Figure 5 illustrates the invention as applied to a multipolar armature.
Figure 6 illustrates in end view au armature core with several coils thereon, each
having but two turns for covering the face of the armature in one layer.
The description may be and is in great measure confined to the figure illustrating
the application of the winding so as to cover the periphery of the drum with a single
thickness of wire (see particularly Figure 6); but so far as may be, the same
letters of reference are used to designate like parts throughout the entire
description and drawing, whether a winding of one thickness on the face of the
armature, or of two thicknesses (as in Figures 1, to 5 inclusive) is under
consideration.
In all the figures A, is the drum, and in all the figures each group or division
of coils is designated by a letter appropriated to it as a whole while numerals
attached to said letter designate the different individual members or coils in the.
group. Thus in Figure 1, a', a², a³, indicate the three individual coils of the

page_text: a division or group; ¿¹, 6ª, 6ª, indicate the three individual coils of the b division or
group. It will be observed, that while the several divisions are counterparts of
each other, that is, for example, while the a, group of coils as a whole is like
the b, group as a whole, the individual coils of each group differ among themselves;
that is the coil a', is unlike either the coil a³, or coil a³, while coils a³, and a³, also
differ, yet all the individual coils bearing the same numeral are alike, that
is coils a, b, c', are alike and so are coils a, b and c², as well as coils a³, 3
and c³.
Each individual coil a', a³, a³, b³, b³
has a long side and a short side, and
inclined ends; or, in other words, they all have a general "keystone" contour,
substantially such as is described in U.S. Letters Patent No. 473,618 dated
-April-26th 1892.
.
"
.!
Each individual coil is wound on a former of general "keystone contour,
substantially as is described in said U.S. Letters Patent No. 473,618, whereby the
different divisions overlie and underlie other divisions on the heads of the armature
drum, and thereafter the coil is beut edgewise upon another former substantially
as described in U.S. Letters Patent No. 482,825 dated September 20th 1892,
to give it the shape in which substantially within its own inclined planes (i.e. the
inclines of the "keystone" contour,) it is to cross the heads of the armature drum.
Looking at the heads of the armature drum, and the ends of the coils thereon, the
coils having the numeral 1, that is coils a', ', c', present near the periphery of the
drum, or near their long and short sides, short radial portions, connected by a long
curved portion; the coils having the numeral 2, that is coils a², 62, 3, have longer
radial portions, and shorter curved portions, while the radial portions, of the coils
numbered 3, are still longer, or the longest of all, and their curved portions are the
shortest of all. The curved portions are substantially parallel with the edge
or periphery of the core.
The coils having been wound and shaped as described, are put upon the armature
drum by successive divisions following the 1, 2, 3, order of the individual coils;
that is, beginning with coil a', it is put upon the drum so as to occupy substantially
the position shown; then the long side is lifted up, and the short side of coil a², is
passed through it, and said.coil a³, is then made to occupy substantially the position
shown; and then the long sides of coil a', and a³, having been lifted up slightly
fron the drum, the short side of the coil a³, is passed under them near the drum and
through their long sides, and then made to occupy the position shown. In their
final positions, the ends of the three coils of the a group occupy at the most the
space of two thicknesses of wire, on the ends of the drum or core, the ends of the
coil a, lying under coil a', and coil a³, lying under both of the coils a³, and a¹.
Next the short side of the coil b', is passed between the drum and the coils of the
a group and through the long sides of all the coils of the a group; then the short
side of the coil b³, is passed under and through the long sides of all the coils on the
drum, and placed upon the drum. Then in the same manner the coil 3, when
it will be found that the coil, underlies the coil b', and that the coil b³ underlies
both coils 6, and b', as with the coils of the a group, and that the whole b group of
coils underlies the whole a group.
This process of lifting up the long sides of coils, and passing the short sides of
new coils under and through the coils lifted up is continued, until the entire
armature drum is covered. Locking pins p, p, p, are then inserted in holes already
made in the heads of the drum to hold the winding in place.
As has been pointed out, the coil a², passes under the coil a', and the coil a³,
passes under the coils a², and a¹ and so on, which brings the coils of each group in
reverse order upon the two sides of the periphery of the drum as looked at end wise,
so that as the armature revolves they approach the poles of the field magnets in the
proper consecutive order 1, 2, 3, on both sides.
Each coil occupies a space equal to two thicknesses of wire on each end of the
armature, and underlies several other divisions. Washers may be placed upon the
pins to keep the coils of one layer from contact with the coils of adjacent layers,

page_text: as described in said prior U.S. Letters Patent No. 482,825. Each coil has its
appropriate commutator counections or terminals.
In each of the coils illustrated in Figures 1 to 5, inclusive, there are four
convolutions or turns of insulated wire, arranged at their long and short sides
so that the wire is in two layers on the face of the armature drum or core, but ac
the two inclined ends of each coil, the several convolutions of wire are arranged
side by side in a web of one thickness and lies flatwise with relation to the ends of
the drum or core.
A description in detail of the application of the one layer covering upon the face
or periphery of the core as shown in Figure 6, is deemed unnecessary.
The wire of
each individual coil wound to occupy one layer on the drum is (as in the two layer
coils) spread into a single web at the inclined ends, and the coil is then mounted on
the drum as already described.
In my winding, the individual coils of a division or group vary slightly in length,
but this is immaterial whether applied to the armature of a bipolar machine, or to
the armature of a multipolar machine, provided the number of groups in the bipolar
machine is even, or in the multipolar machine, is a multiple of the number of poles,
since in all cases the aggregate resistance on both sides of the commutator brushes
will remain the same.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me by
my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is :-
1st. The combination with the armature drum, of a winding composed of divisions,
each of which is made up of a group of two or more independent or individual coils,
each having a long side and a short side lying along the periphery of the drum in
two or more layers, and inclined ends lying across the heads of said drum in
a flattened web, said long and said short sides of the individual coils in each said
group being separated upon the periphery of said drum by spaces which receive
respectively the short and long sides of other similar groups, and the long sides in
each group being arranged on the periphery of the drum in the reverse order of the
short sides, substantially as described.
2nd. The combination with the armature drum, of a group of independent or
individual coils, each of which has a long and a short side lying along the periphery
of the said drum, and inclined ends lying across the ends of said drum, the several
inclined, ends of the several members of the said group at either end of said drum
crossing that end of the drum in two radial lines connected by a line substantially
parallel to the periphery or edge of the core, and the said several members being
separated on the periphery of the drum, substantially as described. .
Din 11th fantomhaw 1001
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.