matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR TREATING CHICORY, AND IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLIANCES AND APPARATUS TO BE USED IN SUCH PROCESS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Edwards at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th June 1883. A communication to
him from abroad by Leon Humbert-Ridez, of Lille, in the Republic of
France
EDMUND EDWARDS, of the firm of Edwards and Co-, Patent Agents and
Engineers, of 40, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR TREATING CHICORY, AND IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPLIANCES AND APPARATUS TO BE USED IN SUCH PROCESS [a communi-
cation to him from abroad by Leon Humbert-Ridez, of Lille, in the Republic of
France
"
This invention has for its object an improved process for treating roasted chicory
for the purpose of extracting its juices by distillation or other means, and reducing
such juices or extract by evaporation and treatment in a vacuum or otherwise with
the addition of a sufficient quantity of sugar to the state of a syrup or solid.
For the purpose of putting the invention in operation, I place the roasted chicory
mixed with a sufficient quantity of water in a vessel into which steam is introduced
through a pipe from any suitable boiler so as to boil the chicory and thus extract
its juices. At the bottom of this vessel is a cock or valve by which when suffi-
ciently boiled the extract can be drawn off into pipes which conduct it to filters
whence after being filtered it passes into a reservoir below. From the reservoir it
is placed with a sufficient quantity of sugar in an evaporating vessel of copper or
other suitable material having a double bottom into which steam can be admitted
through a pipe provided with a regulating valve in order to heat and evaporate the
extract. The evaporating vessel may be provided with a hood or cover, and a pipe
and cock or valve is provided at its lower part by which the extract when
sufficiently concentrated can be drawn off.
By the use of roasted chicory prepared in the manner and with the apparatus
described great economy is effected, the whole of the aroma and colouring matter
which it contains being used, instead of being to a great extent wasted as when
የነ •

page_text: the chicory is used in grains or powder to prepare a simple infusion in the
ordinary way.
The extract prepared in the way described is pure, all earthy and other impurities
found in ground chicory being separated, and great economy of time is effected by
its use, whilst it can also be used as a colouring for stews and other similar culinary
preparations since it has neither a disagreable taste nor is it salt.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SADDLE BARS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Ratcliffe and Otto Sealy at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th May 1883.
EDWIN RATCLIFFE, and OTTO SEALY, both of Malmesbury, in the County of
Wilts, "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SADDLE BARS,"
This invention relates to improvements in the construction of saddle bars
whereby the stirrup leather is safely secured in a simple manner, whilst at the
same time, the said leather can be readily disengaged, when desired.
.
The saddle bar is constructed in the following manner. A bar is arranged to
turn freely within bearings or a suitable frame, and when the loop, hereinafter
described is in its normal position the ends of the said bar project beyond the
bearings or frame. A spiral groove is made partially around the said bar and a
pin or projecting piece connected to the bearings or frame is arranged within the
groove so that when the bar is caused to revolve it will be moved towards one end
of the bearings or frame, so that one of the ends will be moved entirely within the
said bearings or frame whilst a further portion of the opposite end of the bar will
be caused to project beyond the said bearings or frame. Instead of attaching the
pin or projecting piece to the bearings or frame, as lastly described, it is, in some
cases, connected to the bar and arranged to work in a groove or suitable guides in,
or on, the bearings or frame. To the last mentioned end of the said bar is hinged
a small bar to form one side of the loop for the reception of the stirrup leather and
to the opposite end of the said small bar is fixed one end of a bar in a position
parallel or nearly so to the first mentioned bar and to the other end of this bar is
hinged one end of a small bar arranged parallel, or nearly so to the first mentioned
small bar. The opposite end of the second small bar is caused by a spring arranged
at its hinge to bear against one end of the bearings or frame of the first mentioned
bar and when the loop formed for the reception of the stirrup leather is in its
normal position that end of the first mentioned bar which projects beyond the last
mentioned end of the bearings or frame will be situated within a hole or recess at
the free end of the said second small bar and the stirrup leather will thus be firmly
secured within the loop constituted by the said bars. When it is desired to release
the stirrup leather the said loop is moved upwards whereby the first mentioned
bar is caused to partially revolve and that end thereof, which is within the hole

page_text: or recess at the free end of the second small bar, is withdrawn into the bearings or
frame by the action of the pin within the groove as herein before described when
the three sides of the loop can be turned on the hinge by which they are connected
to the first mentioned bar, and the stirrup leather released.
The said bearings or frame is attached to a suitable plate by means of which the
saddle bar can be connected to the body of the saddle
The lowest or bottom bar of the loop is, by preference, slightly inclined down.
wards from the end thereof which opens.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE BLEACHING AND PURIFYING OF OILS AND OF OLEAGINOUS PRODUCTS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Walworth Bell and William
. Fearenside at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th October
1883.
EDWARD WALWORTH BELL of 33 Harvey Street Liverpool in the County of
Lancaster and WILLIAM FEARENSIDE of 13 North John Street Liverpool in the said
County of Lancaster "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE BLEACHING AND PURIFYING OF
OILS AND OF OLEAGINOUS PRODUCTS
"
This Invention relates to the treatment of Oils and of Oleaginous products so as to
render them of greater commercial value and consists in effecting the decolorization
and purification of oils and oleaginous products such as oils resulting from the
distillation of coal-or of shale. Vegetable oils such as Palm oil-Cotton seed oil or
Rape seed oil. Petroleum or Petroleum products or oxidation and mineral oils also
Fats Animal and Fish Oils and consists in submitting them when at a temperature
sufficiently elevated so as to render them fluid and mobile to the action of Animal
Charcoal in a firm state of Division.
In carrying out our Invention we cause the oils or products before mentioned
and in a fluid condition to be brought in contact with and to be mixed with
Animal Charcoal in a fine state of division and to be thoroughly agitated and
incorporated therewith so that intimate admixture may be effected and the
oils or produce be brought into contact with the fine particles of the Animal
Charcoal so that the greatest decolorizing and purifying effect may be obtained.
The oils and products having been subjected to this operation are withdrawn and
if necessary may be again submitted to one or more operations until the desired
effect is produced or obtained.
The residual Animal Charcoal may then be submitted to the action of super-
heated steam so as to separate any adhering oil or products therein. and to render
the Animal Charcoal capable of being employed for further operations.
Our arrangement which may be adopted for carrying out our Invention consists
in the employment of a closed cylinder or vessel provided with suitable inlets and
TD 011

page_text: outlets capable of being opened and closed the same be supported on an axis and
capable of being put into motion and made to revolve so that the contents may be
brought into intimate contact and admixture. But other arrangements or methods
may be adopted.
The residual Animal Charcoal may then be submitted to the action of super-
heated steam so as to separate any adhering oils or products and the residual
Animal Charcoal may then be revivified and be employed for future operations.
A PIECE OF NOTE PAPER AND ENVELOPE [IN A] COMBINED [FORM]
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Collard Augustus Drake at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th January 1883.
COLLARD AUGUSTUS DRAKE, of 3 Bedford Square, London, in the County of
Middlesex, A PIECE OF NOTE PAPER AND ENVELOPE [IN A] COMBINED [FORM]
My invention consists of a piece of paper of the shape of an ordinary sheet of
note paper with an additional lappet of a triangular or other suitable shape on the
left hand side of the upper half of the left hand page of the paper, and a lappet
upon the top side of the same page, similar to the cover of an ordinary envelope.
This last lappet is called the cover, and is gummed, and the first lappet should be
of sufficient length and size to pass partially under the cover when the two lappets
are folded at their respective junctions with the sheet of note paper, the triangular
lappet from left to right to its full extension, the cover from the top towards the
bottom side of the sheet of note paper to its full extension. Both these lappets are
perforated either at their junction with the sheet of paper or through one or more
lines running side by side with the line of junction but removed from it on either
side. The mode of using the paper is as follows-The sheet of note paper is folded
up twice in the ordinary way in which a letter is folded up, it will then assume a
rectangular form, having the triangular lappet extended on the left, and the cover
extended on the upper side. The triangular lappet is folded from left to right, and
the cover is then folded down over it. The gum being wetted the cover is pressed
down, and, as it overlaps the triangular lappet, it will adhere to the lappet and to
the outside sheet of the folded letter paper itself, thus forming an enclosed letter.
When required the letter is opened by tearing the lappets through the perforations
I claim the perforations of the paper at or near the lines formed by folding the
lappet and cover over one another substantially in the manner described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Birkhead at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th July 1883.
THOMAS BIRKHEAD of Sheffield in the County of York
SHEEP SHEARS"
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
My invention relates to improvements in Sheep Shears, the object being to
prevent what is technically known as gapping and bridging and to relieve a portion
of the strain from the band of the shearer while clipping, and thereby enable him
to accomplish more, work than he would otherwise be able to do, and it consists
in the use of an adjustable guard attached preferably to the shanks of the shears,
and through which the hand is passed; it thus acts as a support to the shears,
and relieves the muscles of the hand, and is of material aid to the user. I make
the guard by preference of leather, and (broadly speaking) it is in the shape of a
strap of one or more parts, one end being attached to the shank of the bottom
blade, near the stop of the shear, and the other end being attached to the shank of
the top blade near the bow of the shear.
A Buckle on one part, and a series of holes in the other part of the guard,
enables the user to adjust the loop to the size of his hand.
A portion of the guard may be arranged to cover the shank and to form a
cushion where the heavy strain of clipping is felt, that is between the thumb and
the forefinger, or a portion may be extended forward upon the back of the blade,
where many shearers rest the ball of the thumb.
I prefer to attach the guard to the shears by means of removeable screws, but I do
not bind myself to this means, nor to the material of which the adjustable guard
is made.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DYNAMO-ELECTRIC AND ELECTRO- DYNAMIC MACHINES AND IN APPLIANCES CONNECTED THEREWITH FOR MEASURE- MENT OF ELECTRIC POWER."
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles William Siemens at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th March 1883.
CHARLES WILLIAM SIEMENS of No: 12 Queen Anne's Gate Westminster in the
county of Middlesex,-" IMPROVEMENTS IN DYNAMO-ELECTRIC AND ELECTRO-
DYNAMIC MACHINES AND IN APPLIANCES CONNECTED THEREWITH FOR MEASURE-
MENT OF ELECTRIC POWER."
In constructing, according to my present invention, a machine applicable either
as a dynamo-electric or electro-dynamic machine, employ a coiled armature of
any known construction, having a non-magnetic core, and I surround this by a
stationary coil of wire arranged as a meridian to the armature, that is to say, in a
plane passing through the axis of revolution. I provide a commutator of ordinary
construction, with bruslies or their equivalents for collecting or distributing the
electric currents to both sets of coils, either seriatim or in parallel circuit.
When
the machine is used as a dynamo-electric machine for generating electricity, the
induction of currents may be started either by transmission of a current from au
extraneous source or by the presence of a permanent magnet. When the machine
is used as an electro-dynamic machine for producing motive power, no provision
for starting induction of currents is necessary. Instead of employing a single
stationary meridian coil, two or more such coils may be used, the commutator and
its brushes being arranged for the effective working of the multiple moridian
coils.
In order to lubricate the commutator rubbers, I make them as flattened tubes
charged with paraffin, or other lubricant fusible at a moderate temperature, and I
perforate the tube with holes at or near its contact with the commutator, so that
when that part of the tube becomes heated by friction, a portion of the lubricant
flows out and causes the friction to become reduced. This kind of rubber is
obviously applicable to the commutators of electric machines generally.
A machine of the kind described provided with a resistance, such as that of a
flyer, or of vanes revolving in the liquid, and geared to a counter, may be employed
as an electric power meter, its coils being connected in the circuit of which the
electricity has to be measured, or in a by-pass circuit, taking a known fraction of
D

page_text: the total current. By properly adjusting the electrical and mechanical resistances,
the velocity of rotation of the armature, in virtue of the mutual action of the two
sets of coils, may, within moderate limits, be proportioned to the dynamical energy
of the electricity circulating through the coils, and consequently the number of
revolutions registered by the counter would nearly indicate the amount of the i
dynamical energy of the electricity that has passed through the apparatus. The
counter may be so graduated that the divisions will represent units and multiples
of units such as Ampére-volts or Watts.
IMPROVEMENTS INCANDESCENT ELECTRIC LAMPS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wright and Matthew William
Wallbank Mackie at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
1st May 1883.
FRANK WRIGHT and MATTHEW WILLIAM
.
WALLBANK MACKIE both of
N° 57 Gracechurch Street in the city of London " IMPROVEMENTS
INCANDESCENT ELECTRIC LAMPS
"
IN
Our invention relates to the construction of an incandescent electric lamp in
such a manner as to obtain in small compass a great length of incandescent filament
giving a light of uniform shape and character, like a pencil, the formation and
mounting of the filament and its conductors being greatly simplified We take
as a base any suitable carbonaceous matter of great density, such as a vegetable
filament, and we form the same into a double helical shape by winding it upon a
cylindrical metal mould, and setting it to shape by steam or heat.
The filament is then taken off the mould and carbonized, the straight ends being
secured between paper plates or otherwise to prevent distortion.
The conductors consist of two platinum wires; one end of each is wound into a
small helix and the other is bent into a loop. These two wires are held parallel to
each other and a bead of glass is fused on them. The straight ends of the filament
are then inserted into the platinum helices and good electrical contact is made by
applying Bichloride of Platinum and heating in coal gas. Or the ends of the
filament which are in the helices may be painted, and the helices covered with a
carbonaceous material having a binding agent mixed with it, such as Plumbago,
coke, lamp black and the like mixed with gum, starch, white of egg or similar
substances. Then, by holding these joints near a piece of charcoal, this paste is
carbonized by a blow-pipe flame, while, at the same time, a stream of carbonic acid
gas is caused to envelop the filament so as to prevent it from burning.
The filament is then immersed in a bath of hydrocarbon spirit, oil or gas, and
raised to a white heat by a current of Electricity, this process being continued until
the necessary illuminating power with a given electromotive force is shewn by a
pilot lamp connected in series with the filament and arranged in a Photometer.
D.
77

page_text: The filament, with the platinum wires attached, as above described, is sealed
into the neck of the lamp bulb in the following manner. The loops of the platinum
wires are held in a chuck on the one headstock of the machine described in the
specification to Letters Patent No 1033 of 1882. The glass bulb being fixed upon
the other headstock of the machine, the filament is then inserted into the neck of
the bulb, and while both revolve, a blowpipe is brought to play upon the end of the
tube, so as to close around the glass bead.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE WHEELS OF RAILWAY ROLLING STOCK
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Holden of Swindon in the County of Wilts
Engineer for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE WHEELS OF RAILWAY
ROLLING STOCK"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Holden at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd September 1883.
JAMES HOLDEN of Swindon in the County of Wilts Engineer, IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE WHEELS OF RAILWAY ROLLING STOCK".
My invention applies to that class of wheels in which a metal tyre is combined
with a disc made partly or entirely of wood or paper. In wheels of this description
the tyre sometimes gets so hot by the application of the brake that the wooden
disc becomes charred or ignited.
The object of my invention is to prevent or diminish the charring of the wooden
portion of the wheel when the tyre becomes unduly heated.
My improvement consists in the insertion of any suitable non conducting
non inflammable material between the tyre and the wood. I also sometimes
insert any suitable non-conducting non-inflammable material between the retaining
rings and the wood.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said James Holden in the Patent Office on the 21st March 1884.
JAMES HOLDEN of Swindon in the County of Wilts Engineer "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE WHEELS OF RAILWAY ROLLING STOCK"
'
My Invention applies to that class of wheels in which a metal tyre is combined
with a disc made partly or entirely of wood or paper. In wheels of this description
the tyre sometimes gets so hot by the application of the brake that the disc becomes
charred or ignited.
The object of my invention is to prevent or diminish the charring of the disc
of the wheel when the tyre becomes unduly heated.
My improvement consists in the insertion of suitable non-conducting non-
inflammable material between the tyre and the wood or paper, I also sometimes
insert non-conducting non-inflammable material between the retaining rings and
the disc. One method of carrying my invention into practice is to insert asbestos
millboard between the tyre and the disc.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention and the manner of performing
or carrying the same into practice I make no claim to any of the parts of wheels
separately which are well known and in common use but what I claim is :-
:-
The improved construction of the wheels of railway rolling stock by the insertion
of any suitable non-conducting non-inflammable material between the metal tyre
of the wheel and the disc of wood, or paper of which the wheel is formed
substantially as and for the purpose herein before described.
I also claim the insertion of non-conducting non-inflammable material between
the retaining rings and the disc of wood or paper substantially as and for the
purpose herein before described.
In witness whereof I the said James Holden have hereunto set my hand and
seal this seventeenth day of March in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and eighty four.
JAMES HOLDEN (LS)
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Brooks and Thomas Tweedale both of Crawshaw-
booth in the County of Lancaster for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN
SHUTTLES
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Brooks and Thomas
Tweedale at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th December
1883.
WILLIAM BROOкS and TномAS TWEEDALE, both of Crawshawbooth in the County
of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES
"
Our invention relates to shuttles and the objects of our Invention are first, to
improve the construction of the peg, to dispense with several pins and to hinge
the peg to the body of the shuttle in such manner that the peg can be pivoted to
the shuttle and can be taken out of the shuttle and replaced without removing the
pivot pin and secondly, to improve the construction of the top spring of the peg.
In carrying the first part of our Invention into effect we form the shuttle peg as
usual of one or more pieces with a top spring of the ordinary or other construction
or we employ a shuttle peg made according to the Invention for which Letters
Patent dated the 28th day of March 1883 and Numbered 1573 were granted to
Thomas Brooks and the said Thomas Tweedale: we form a slot in the head of the
peg at or about right angles to the peg and the pivot pin, instead of passing
through a hole in the head of the peg, passes through this slot: we employ a top
spring plate which is screwed into its place and secures the peg when hooked on to
the pivot pin. When our Invention is applied to a peg having a top spring with
an extended end, the latter bears against the inner side of this top spring plate
when the peg is down or closed. We may dispense with the ordinary bearing pin
and in order to prevent the point of the peg from being depressed the projection on
the peg head through which the "top spring" passes or may pass, (in this case on
the lower side of the peg) comes against the solid part of the shuttle or other

page_text: suitable bearing surface: as a guard to prevent the top spring being pulled out of
its place we may put a pin through the shoulders of the projection on the
peg head.
What is usually called the "top spring" of the peg is in our Invention placed on
the lower side of the peg so that the extended end which passes through an opening,
hole or slot in the peg head or beyond the latter bears against the top spring plate
when the peg is down
In place of slotting the peg head, projecting points or pivots may be made with
or secured to the sides of the peg head and lie in slots in the shuttle:-or the peg
might be suspended by a set-screw or screws.
When the top spring plate is removed the peg can be unhinged and taken out
of the shuttle and replaced without removing the pivot pin.
The second part of our Invention consists in making the inner surface of the top
spring of the peg of a concave or grooved section and thus obtaining greater
strength and elasticity: such concave or grooved springs may be applied to any
shuttle peg and the peg may be of the ordinary section or shaped to fit the hollow
surface of the top spring.
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FELT CARPETS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Mitchell at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd August 1883.
WILLIAM MITCHELL of Waterfoot in the County of Lancaster.
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FELT CARPETS
"
"IMPROVEMENTS
The object of this invention is to produce a felted woollen carpet with an
inseparable woven back of hemp jute flax or other suitable vegetable fibre, so as
to give to a felted carpet all the stability of a woven fabric and prevent its
stretching; the durability of the felted carpet being thereby greatly increased; and
as the liability to stretch is removed the pattern can be matched along the edges as
perfectly as that of a Brussels, Tapestry, or other woven carpet.
In carrying out my invention I take a stout woven fabric or cloth of jute hemp,
flax or other suitable vegetable fibre, and by means of a raising machine fitted with
teazles, or cards or both, I raise a pile or plush upon one surface of the said woven
fabric.
I then take this piled fabric or woven cloth, and upon the piled face thereof I
lay a "batt" of unfelted wool, and pass the two together through the ordinary
felting operation by which the two become thoroughly incorporated together
producing a fabric with a strong woven back of jute hemp flax or other vegetable
fibre and a thick felted surface of wool; the pile of the vegetable fibre raised upon
the surface of the cloth becomes so thoroughly interlaced and felted together with
the wool during the operation that the two become one solid fabric which cannot
be separated without using considerable force so as to tear the fibres asunder.
I then print and finish the woollen felted surface in the usual manner and the
result is a printed felt carpet with a strong inseparable woven back which prevents
it from stretching so that the pattern can be matched at the edges with as much
facility as a woven carpet, whilst at the same time it is much more durable and
economical than those hitherto produced.
IN RUDDERS AN IMPROVE
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Blakely at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st February 1883.
WILLIAM BLAKELY of Bournemouth in the County of Hants
MENT IN RUDDERS
AN IMPROVE-
My Invention consists in an improvement in all rudders but especially those of
small craft whereby the steering power or efficiency of the rudder is greatly
increased and it consists in applying plates of sheet metal on both sides of the
rudder so as to overlap and extend beyond the rear bottom and top edge thereof
for a greater or less distance leaving a space between the two said plates corre-
sponding to the thickness of the rudder for the water to play in whereby a
remarkably increased degree of efficiency is obtained. The plates may be thick
and more or less rigid or they may be thin and project sufficiently beyond the edge
of the rudder to have a certain degree of flexibility which will enable them to
diverge slightly and gradually from the plane of the rudder to which they will
thus form a sort of flexible appendage These plates may have inwardly turned
flanges at the ends top or bottom or be otherwise joined so as to close the space
between them at this point or points the water being still free to play between
them but compelled to seek some place of exit other than the place or places thus
closed thereby increasing the action of the water on the rudder and consequently
the efficiency or steering power of the latter without retarding the motion of the
ship, vessel, boat or other craft to which it is applied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENERS OR LOCKS FOR WINDOWS AND CASEMENTS, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Harry Charters at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th May 1883.
"
HARRY CHARTERS of Lavender Hill in the County of Surrey, IMPROVEMENTS
IN FASTENERS OR LOCKS FOR WINDOWS AND CASEMENTS, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR
OTHER PURPOSES."
My Invention has for its object the more effectual securing of windows and
casements, and prevention against releasing or forcing the fastener by unauthorized
persons either from inside or outside when applied to said windows and casements
or similar structures.
In carrying out my Invention I proceed mainly as follows; taking as example
an ordinary fastener for windows:-
The fastener is secured in the ordinary way, but to the inner sash is fitted a
spring, to which is attached or secured a bolt or lock-Under said spring is a
tumbler which when the bolt or lock is to be actuated is operated by a key, and
when so acted upon, the tumbler forces up the spring, and with it the lock or bolt,
which securely holds the fastener.
The locking it is evident could be effected by other means or appliances.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TAPS OR COCKS FOR DRAWING OFF fluids
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Beverley Fenby at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th February 1883.
JOSEPH BEVERLEY FENBY, of Sutton-Coldfield, in the County of Warwick, Civil
Engineer "IMPROVEMENTS IN TAPS OR COCKS FOR DRAWING OFF fluids
The object of my invention is to prevent continuous waste of water, or other
fluid, when cocks are left fully or partly open by design or negligence; and to
effect this object by appliances which cannot be reached or tampered with from the
outside of the cock.
I propose to construct a cock with two valves, and two seats. One of these
valves is actuated by a screw in the ordinary way, and this valve enables the
operator to draw a full stream of water, or other fluid, or a small supply in the
usual manner, and to shut off the water. This valve I shall refer to as the screw
valve.
The second valve is in the form of a
cylinder within the body of the cock.
cylindrical plunger, and fits loosely in a
This valve, which I call the automatic
valve, has no mechanical connection with the screw valve
Two small water-ways or by-passes are provided, and these are opened and shut
by the action of the screw which works the screw valve. The function of these
by-passes is to change the direction of the water pressure in the cylinder
containing the automatic valve.
When the screw valve is tightened down upon its seat, the opening of one of the
by-passes, and the closing of the other, releases the pressure from one side of the
automatic valve, and the water pressure on its other side forces it along its cylinder
and away from its seat.
When the screw valve is raised from its seat, to draw water from the cock, the
by-passes are reversed, the open one being shut, and the shut one opened, and the
water pressure is thus restored to that side of the automatic valve from which it
was previously released; and at the same time the other side of the automatic
valve is relieved from pressure in proportion to the extent to which the screw
valve is raised from its seat.
The automatic valve then commences slowly to move towards its seat, and will
finally close upon it if the screw valve be left open, and thus act as a means for
preventing continuous waste.
This final closing of the automatic valve will ensue even if the screw valve be
left open only so far as to cause a small leakage
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPANNERS, ALSO APPLICABLE TO PARALLEL-VICES, AND COMBINATION TOOLS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th September 1883. Communicated
to bim from abroad by Henry Port, of Vincennes, France.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex, IMPROVEMENTS IN
SPANNERS, ALSO APPLICABLE TO PARALLEL-VICES, AND COMBINATION TOOLS,"
a communication to me from abroad by Henry Port, of Vincennes, France,
"
"
In adjustable spanners hitherto commonly used the screw thread is exposed to
a strong pressure while the spanner is applied, in consequence of which the screw
is subject to rapid wear and tear.
In the improved spanner the strains produced on the cheeks by turning the
spanner are taken up by a pair of spindles which also serve as guides, while the
screw is only used for altering the distance between the cheeks. This spanner
comprises chiefly a fixed and a movable cheek connected by two parallel spindles
or rods and a screw. The first rod passes through both cheeks and is screwed with
one extremity into the body of the spanner, while the second rod is sunk with its
outer end into the fixed cheek, passes through the movable cheek and is embedded
with its inner end into the body of the spanner.
The screw spindle is situated between the two guide rods and serves to move
the inner cheek (that situated next to the handle.)
The screw spindle projects with one end into the outer or fixed cheek, passes
through the tapped movable cheek and enters with its other end the body of the
spanner. It is connected with the handle by a toothed rod which passes through
the centre of the handle and carries at the other end a screw cap. The toothed
joint of the screw spindle with the core of the handle is surrounded by a conical
aleeve embedded into the body of the spanner.
The adjustable spanner may also be adapted for other purposes by forming the
outer cheek into a hammer or chisel, or it may be used as a vice if the outer cheek
is fixed to a bench and the handle placed at a right angle to the screw spindle.
The guide-rods may be provided with scales for using the tool as a caliper, and
the screw cap of the handle may have extensions applicable as hooks or needles or
for other purposes.
MAKING FOOD SUITABLE FOR CALVES AND OTHER YOUNG ANIMALS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Bowick and Thomas Gilbert
Bowick at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th September
1883.
THOMAS BOWICK and THOMAS GILBERT BOWICK, both of Bedford in the County
"AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR
of Bedford, Manufacturing Agricultural Chemists.
MAKING FOOD SUITABLE FOR CALVES AND OTHER YOUNG ANIMALS."
The object of the present invention is to prepare a food suitable for calves and
other young animals from cereals, oil seeds, and leguminous substances possessing
husk or fibre.
To this end we take certain cereals, oil seeds or leguminous substances such as
wheat, barley, oats, maize, rice, sago, cotton seed cake, hemp seed lentils, beans or
peas and having first subjected such of them as require it to drying or partial
roasting or to moisture followed by drying or partial roasting, submit them, in the
husk to a continued disintegrating or pulverizing operation, in such a manner as
will ensure their complete reduction to an impalpable powder.
For this purpose we employ a disintegrator or pulverizer such as that known as
Lucop's or Harrison Carter's, and combine it in any convenient manner with a fan,
blower or other suitable apparatus for generating a current of air, so that the
disintegration and crushing by the centrifugal action of the rotating balls, blades,
or beaters upon the cereals and other substances, shall take place in the presence of
a suitably regulated current of air. By this arrangement the material under
treatment can be retained in the pulverizer until reduced to particles of such
fineness as will allow of their rising and being removed by the suction or blast of
the said current of air, which in the above combination takes the place of the
screens commonly used in such disintegrating machines and the whole or greater
part of the husks or fibrous particles are rendered available as an element of
nutrition in the food and are brought for the first time to an innocuous and useful
condition. The barley is preferably malted before being introduced into the
disintegrator.
By the above described process of moistening (when necessary) drying or
partially roasting, disintegrating and separating the finest particles by the action
of an air current, we are enabled to utilize the whole or about 95 per cent of the
cereals and leguminous substances under treatment and to produce a food therefrom
in every way adapted for the rearing of calves and other young animals.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR COATING METAL PLATES WITH TIN, LEAD, OR OTHER METALS, OR ALLOYS, OF THE SAME METALS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas James at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th July 1883.
THOMAS JAMES, of Neath Road, Morriston, Swansea, in the County of Glamorgan,
Foundry Manager. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR COATING
METAL PLATES WITH TIN, LEAD, OR OTHER METALS, OR ALLOYS, OF THE SAME
METALS."
The object of my said invention is to provide improved machinery or apparatus
for coating metal plates with tin, lead, or other metals, or alloys of the same
metals.
In carrying out my improvements I place the flux hopper or entrance box in a
convenient position for receiving the plates. This hopper contains the flux,
which usually consists of palm-oil, tallow, or other grease or suitable material
for fluxing.
Below the surface of the molten metal, and also below the hopper there are
rollers mounted in bearings which are rotated in contrary directions, and which
carry the plate or plates immediately down to the receiver or receivers or cradle
or cradles. The receivers or cradles are fitted with rods connected to suitable
levers actuated by a shaft for the purpose of lifting the receivers or cradles,
whereby the plate or plates under operation are placed in a vertical or nearly
vertical position suitable for passing them up to the rolls. Before, however, the
plate or plates are passed up to the pot containing the rolls, the surface of the
metal is skimmed by a skimmer which removes the scurf or rubbish which usually
accumulates on the surface of the molten metal, thus preventing the surface of
the plates from becoming oxydised or otherwise deteriorated by such scurf or
rubbish. This skimmer or surface cleaner is worked by selfacting fingers or levers
or by hand, or other suitable means.
The plates being in a suitable position to be passed up to the rolls which are
fitted in the finishing pot, are caused to pass between guides to a narrow aperture
with just sufficient space for the plate or plates to pass through.
The last or finishing pot which contains the rollers for regulating or governing
the thickness of the coating of the plates, also. contains materials to prevent
oxydation, such as palm oil, tallow, or other oily or unctuous substance suitable
for the purpose.

page_text: By the use of my said invention one pot is capable of coating as large a number
of plates as 8 or more ordinary pots are now capable of doing, from the fact that
two or more plates, or one very large plate, can be coated at one time, without the
inconvenience of changing the pots.
Also by the use of my invention one fire is sufficient where 8 or more fires are
at present required to do an equal amount of work; thus effecting a great saving
in fuel.
A great saving is also effected in the materials for coating and fluxing, and in
the space occupied by the apparatus, and also in the tiine and labour.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH MICROPHONES OR TELEPHONES
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Griffith Brewer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th May 1883. Communicated to
him from abroad by Robert Weber of Neuchatel, Switzerland, Doctor and
Professor of Physics
EDWARD GRIFFITH BREWER of 33 Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH MICROPHONES OR TELEPHONES". (A
Communication to me from abroad by Robert Weber of Neuchatel, Switzerland
Doctor and Professor of Physics)
The microphone in its simplest form consists mainly of a box made of a non-
conducting material and of two conducting plates with an intermediate body. A
cylindrically hollowed piece of wood can serve as a non-conductor or it may be
made of clay, ebonite or the like. The cylindrical hole is closed up at both ends
by the conducting plates. The plates are made of iron or copper or nickle or the
like, or even of a membrane (such as glass or parchment) the inner side of which is
made metallic. The arrangement is such that in speaking in the simplest form of
the microphone only one of the conducting plates is set in vibration. But both
conducting plates may be made to vibrate, and the parts which take up the
vibrations of the air may have several such boxes which are connected to one
another as in electric batteries. The described box contains also the body which
transforms the vibrations of the membranes into electric current fluctuations.
body chosen may be a metal such as brass, iron, aluminium, gold, silver or the like,
or any other metallic body or alloy, or a non metallic body coated metallically.
The body may be spherical or it may consist of thin plates or wires or the like
joined together. According to the shape of the body, this may be either simply
put in its place or rolled up or hung up, or otherwise fixed in such a manner that
there is electric contact between the two plates. The current comes from the
battery to one plate, goes through the metallic body to the other plate and then to
the induction coil or straight to the telephone which serves as a receiver.
The
In connection with the microphone is used a call apparatus. Inserted in the
primary electric line wire and connected to one pole, there is fixed a metallic plate,
or tuning fork or a bell or any other conducting or conductive made body, which
makes vibrations of great amplitude, and which, on being acted upon by an
LP 937

page_text: impulsive force, is capable of vibrating for some time. A second conducting body
is placed on the first." This second body is conducting and feathers easily and is
made of steel or other material which fulfils these terms. The primary current
proceeds from this second body, in order to influence the telephone in any way.
By setting the first body suitably in vibration a loud sound of any key is produced 5
by the changes of contact and fluctuations in the telephone. This call apparatus is
also applicable to other telephone constructions
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SANITARY BLUE COLORING MATTER.
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Ellis at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd September 1883.
JAMES ELLIS, of 80 Seaton Street, Hull, in the County of York.
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SANITARY BLUE COLORING MATTER.
"IMPROVE-
The object of my invention is to manufacture blue coloring matter for the use
of laundresses and others, which shall be capable of acting as a disinfectant in
addition to its coloring property.
In carrying out my invention I make use of ultramarine as the means of
obtaining the color, and add thereto Carbolic acid in either a solid or liquid state,
or in both: Borax, and Bi-carbonate of soda, together with all or any of the
following substances:-Sugar, Treacle, Glucos and Gum Arabic.
When the above described coloring and other matters are suitably mixed
together and used as ordinary Laundry blue is usually used, or in any other mode
of application; it not only supplies the usual blue tint thereto, but also acts as a
disinfectant, rendering the same wholesome, and conducive to cleanliness and
health.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Benson Rogers at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th July 1883.
JOHN BENSON ROGERS of Grange Lane, Leicester, in the county of Leicester
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOTS AND SHOES
4
"
This invention has reference to that class of boots and shoes known in the trade
as the "golosh," and its object is to remedy the defects caused by the seams of the
golosh" and "leg" becoming unstitched after being worn for a short time. Now
I in my invention remedy this defect by cutting or forming the whole of the upper
in one piece instead of two pieces as hitherto, and block the same into shape
in an ordinary blocking machine, and in order to form a representation of the
seam between the "leg" and "golosh" portions, I insert between the upper and
the lining a cord and afterwards stitch them firmly together on each side of the
cord.
"
By the above means I am enabled to produce a boot or shoe of the "golosh"
class, having its upper formed in one piece, neat in appearance, durable, and at the
same time dispensing with the seans that so frequently become unstitched.
'
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHTING
Year: 1883

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Cooper at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th January 1883.
JAMES COOPER, of 98 Bishopsgate Street Within, in the City of London,
'IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHTING,"
The object of my said invention is to manufacture and use a new combination of
materials, which are together capable of receiving the electric currents from
suitable conductors in such a manner as to be used as incandescent electric lamps
or lights, and which do not become consumed in the ordinary atmosphere, and do
not require a vacuum for such purpose.
The means whereby I carry out this my said invention are as follows:-
I construct the resisting material which becomes incandescent, and which furnishes
the light, of a tube or tubes of alumina, which is filled with a pencil of suitable
carbon. This carbon is closely packed into and entirely fills the tube.
When the wires of the opposite poles are brought into proper contact with the
ends of the tube or tubes and contained carbon or carbons, the external air is entirely
excluded from contact with the carbon. The electric current being then passed
with sufficient force by the conducting wires to the carbon, the whole becomes
luminous; and as the external air is prevented from contact with the carbon by
means of the surrounding coating of alumina, the carbon is unconsumed, and
rendered lasting; it being well known that alumina is capable of being heated to a
very high degree without fusing, and the same forms a perfect protective material
for the carbon.
The form of my said improved incandescent luminous material, or combination
of materials, may be varied indefinitely.
AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF COLORING MATTER
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Denton Abel at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th May 1883. Communicated to him
from abroad by Messrs L. Durand and Huguenin of Bâle in the Republic of
Switzerland Manufacturers
"
"
CHARLES DENTON ABEL of N° 28 Southampton Buildings Chancery Lane in
the County of Middlesex AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF COLORING MATTER."
[communicated to him from abroad by Messrs L. Durand and Huguenin of Båle in
the Republic of Switzerland Manufacturers]
This invention relates to an improved manufacture of yellow coloring matter,
suitable for dyeing and printing.
For this purpose, there is added to a mixture of 5 parts of mono-hydrated
sulphuric acid (H, SO₁) with 2 parts of metaphosphoric acid (vitreous phosphoric
acid), one part of pulverised alpha-naphthole, and the mixture is heated during five
hours to about 100° Centigrade. The product of the reaction is then poured into
water and the phosphoric acid is separated from the sulpho-conjugated acid of the
alphanaphthol by passing through salt of lime and filtering.
After having separated the phosphate and sulphate of lime, the filtered liquid is
again acidulated with sulphuric acid in order to liberate the sulpho-conjugated
acid of alphanaphthole, and there is added to this solution for each equivalent of
alphanaphthole an equivalent of nitrite of soda, taking care to have sufficient acid
in the liquid to ensure that the whole of the nitrous acid shall be liberated. There
is, by this means formed nitrosoalphanaphtholdisulphonic acid―
C. H.
NO
OH (a).
This acid is transformed by oxidation by means of nitric acid at the temperature
of a waterbath into the sulpho-conjugated acid of binitroalphanaphthole which
forms a yellow coloring matter.