Improvements in Armatures for Dynamo Electric Machines.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Sept., 1894-Accepted, 3rd Nov., 1894
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Communicated from abroad by RUDOLF EICKEMEYER, of Yonkers, in the
County of Westchester and State of New York, United States of America,
Manufacturing Engineer.]
Improvements in Armatures for Dynamo Electric Machines.
1, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co., Patent
Agents, 45 Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained, in and by the following statement:-
My said improvements relate to armatures and their windings, and they are
applicable to both bi-polar, and multi-polar machines, and especially to such as
embody drum armatures. My novel windings, belong to that general class, wherein
specially formed coils or sections are first produced, and then assembled upon the
armature core, as distinguished from that older class, wherein each section is
composed of wire which is initially and directly wound upon the armature core and
made to conform thereto, and to also conform at their ends to the preceding section
or sections, with a corresponding bunching or rounding at the heads of the
armature.
The objects of my invention are to produce electrically and mechanically balanced
armatures; also to secure the several coils or sections of winding against displace-
ment on the armature core, under the strains incidental to service; also to provide
an abundance of air spaces among the ends of the coils or sections, at the ends of
the armature, for ventilating and cooling the winding and also to enable the
construction of the coils or sections as well as their assemblage on cores, to be done
economically and by comparatively unskilled labour.
My novel armature winding whether in a bi-polar, or in a multi-polar armature,
differs radically from any other winding known to me, in many respects; as for
instance, in that each commutated division thereof, embodies groups, or series of
complete specially formed coils or winding sections, which in pairs, contain an
equal length of wire, with no two pairs, in any one group or series of pairs,
containing the same length of wire; also, in that in one form of my winding said
pairs of coils or sections, are grouped together at their sides in their assemblage on
un armature core, and are uniform as to the length of their sides, which lie along
the face of the armature or in notches therein, although differing as to the length
of wire in each pair also in that, in another form of my winding, or in other words
another assemblage of my novel coils, the pairs of coils in each series, intervene at
their sides, between longer or shorter pairs of coils belonging to other series, instead
of having the coils of one length grouped together at their sides: also in that the
sides of the coils in any one group or series, differ in their length from the sides of
the coils or sections in any other group or series: also in that the coils or sections
have ends which are variably curved or bent, and are substantially rectangular in
their outline, their sides and ends being parallel respectively with the face of the
armature core and its ends.
Also in that, each coil or section, has near its two sides at its ends, radial portions
of equal length, said radial portions in the coils of a group or series, varying in
heir length according to whether the intervening curved portion be long or
hort

page_text: Also in that, the coils when assembled, have their correspondingly curved
portions arranged in as many concentric lines, as there are variably curved coils, in
the winding.
Also in that, the ends of the coils, in the same group or series, either underlie or
overlie the ends of coils of other groups or series, and so also do the ends of coils in
cach group either underlie, or overlie the ends of coils in the same group or series; and
also in that at the ends of the armature air space is provided beneath the ends of
the coils by means of laterally projecting annular flanges on the armature core at
its ends adjacent to its periphery.
My invention is more particularly described with reference to the accompanying
drawings in which,
Figure 1. in side view, illustrates a bi-polar armature embodying my invention.
Figure 2 is a view of the same at the end opposite the commutator.
Figure 3, in end view illustrates five coils, arranged in consecutive order for
indicating the variations in the curves at the ends of the coils in the several groups
the variations in the end dimensions of the coils, before receiving their bends being
here indicated in dotted lines.
Figure 4 is an end view of the armature core with one group of coils or winding
sections applied thereto.
Figure 5 is a central longitudinal section of the armature.
Figure 6 illustrates in two top views, piles of initially formed coils belonging to
adjacent groups, before their ends have been curved or bent, and also in side view,
this being applicable to either pile.
Figure 7 is an end view of a partially wound multi-polar armature.
Figure 8 is an end view of a partially covered multi-polar armature, illustrating
a different mode of assembling the coils or sections.
Figure 9 is an end view of a partially covered bi-polar armature illustrating the
assemblage of the coils or sections, after the manner illustrated in Figure 8, and
Figure 10 in two views illustrates a winding section embodying wire in a single
turn.
Referring to Figures 1 to 6 inclusive, it will be understood that the armature A,
has a core a, composed of soft iron disks as heretofore, but that as a novel feature
each of the two ends of the core are provided at or near the periphery with an
annular laterally projecting flange a', a', preferably composed of any good solid
non-conducting material, although metal could be employed with preference for
that which is not magnetic. These flanges are well rounded at their edges, and
enable the winding to be separated from the ends of the armature, between the
flanges and the appropriate armature shaft a², on which the commutator would be
carried adjacent to the several winding terminals at a³.
This bi-polar armature A, has fifty coils or sections of winding, each in this
instance containing six turns of wire, three wide and two deep, and their several
terminals, are shown twisted together in appropriate pairs, at the commutator end a³,
of the armature, Figure 1.
These fifty coils are divided into five groups, which are consecutively lettered
b, c, d, e, and, in the order of their application to the core and it is to be
understood that the sides of the coils lie on the periphery or face of the armature
core, and that the ends of the coils are at and overlie the ends of the core.
Each group, contains ten coils, of which five at their ends lie on the one side of
the armature shaft a', at the ends of the core and five on the other side.
The coils of the group 6, as clearly indicated in Figure 1, are uniform in length
but are shorter than any of the others, the coils c, being the next greater in length,
and so on, to the coils of group f, which are the longest coils in the winding.
Taking for instance, the group b, of Figures 1, and 2, and specially shown in
Figure 4, it will be readily understood, that the several coils are applied to the
core a, in the order of their lettering 6, 63, and 63, 64 . . 6, 10, each two thus
adjacent constituting a pair of counterpart coils, which contain an equal length of
wire as for instance, coils b', and 2, are alike, in every respect, and the same is

page_text: true of the coils 3, and 64, and so on, but it will be seen in each instance, that the
odd numbered coils of each pair, curve at the one side, and the even numbered coils
curve at the other side of the axis a³, and it will be also seen that the coils in each
group, are bent at their ends Figures 3, and 4, on five different curves, the smaller
curve, as at 6, 63, being precisely the same as in the coils c', c³, and d', d, and so
on, and hence as shown in Figure 2, all of the curved portions of the ends of the
coils, lie in five different curves or arcs, this number being in this instance equal to
one half the number of coils in each group or series. It will be seen also, that the
end of each coil, or section, is radial at each side of its curved portion, and that
their radial portions differ in length or extent according to the are line length of
the curved portions.
It will now be seen on reference to Figure 1, that the coils of the group c, are as
much longer than those in group b, as will enable the ends of the latter to be over-
laid by the former, and that in like manner, the coils of the group d, are similarly
longer than those of group r, and hence the ends of the coils d, overlie the ends of
coils b and c, and so on, up to the coils of the group f, which are the longest coils in
the winding; and therefore all of the ends of the other coils, lie between the ends
of the armature core, and the ends of these coils f.
The particular description given of the pairing of coils in the group b, will apply
to the pairing of coils in all the other groups, each coil bearing a number, which
conforms to that of the corresponding coil in each of the other groups.
It will also be seen that at each end of the armature (Figure 2) the curved
portion of each coil, is coincident with the curved portions of corresponding coils.in
other groups or series, thus providing for extensive concentric air spaces between
the curved portions of the ends of the coils; also that liberal radial air spaces
between the groups are provided and also extensive air spaces, within the annular
flanges a, a, (Figure 5), thus securing desirable ventilating and cooling effects.
The locking of the coils to the core, is effected by numerous pins or studs g,
occupying suitable holes in the armature core, and each pin, not only engages with
the outer curved surface of many coils but in some cases also with the side or sides
of the radial portions of the ends of the coils thus thoroughly guarding against all
displacing strains whether torsional or centrifugal.
I will now describe the initial or rudimentary form in which each coil or section
is developed, preparatory to bending its ends.
Referring to Figure 6, it is to be understood that the upper portion thereof
illustrates a piled up group of rudimentary coils, such for instance as would be
formed into coils of the group b, the letters of reference corresponding therewith.
The lower portion of said figure, in like manner illustrates rudimentary coils for
the group c, the same being appropriately designated. The central portion of this
figure, is a side view of the two piles of coils shown in the two top views. It will
be seen that all of these rudimentary coils, are rectangular in form, and oblong,
and that the coils at the c pile are wider than those at the 6 pile, this width
corresponding to the length desired in the finished coil, and it will of course be
understood, that the long sides of the rudimentary coils, become the curved ends of
the finished coils, and that the differences in length of the rudimentary coils
correspond with the differences due to the variations in the radial portious and in
the curves or bends at the ends of the finished coils.
It will now be readily understood that the rudimentary coils for a bi-polar
armature, are in one half as many different lengths, as there are finished coils
required in any one group or series, and also in as many different widths as there
are groups or series, so that for instance, for the winding described, twenty five
simple rectangular formers would be required each having an outline corresponding
with the interior of the particular rudimentary coil required.
It will of course be understood, that the number of groups or series of coils on
an armature core may be widely varied as well as the number of coils in each group
or series, as will be now made apparent in the description of the inulti-polar winding
illustrated in Figure 7.

page_text: In this four pole armature winding there are forty eight coils, of which sixteen
are shown in position, all of which are of equal length at their sides, along the
periphery or face of the armature core a. In this case, the term group as
previously employed extends throughout the sixteen coils shown because eight coils
at one portion of the core, occupy at one side a grouped relation precisely as in the
bi-polar armature while the other sides of the same eight coils, occupy similar
grouped relations to eight other coils, and hence in this group h, there are two pairs,
or four coils h', h2, h3, h, which not only contain an equal length of wire, but more
wire than is contained in either of the others. The four coils ho, ho, h, and h³,
contain the next lesser length of wire followed by the four coils ho, ho, and h
the shortest length of wire being in the coils 18, 14, h¹³, and h
It will now be seen that the four coils 1, 2, h³, h, which contain the most wire,
are first applied to the core, whereas the corresponding coils 1, of the bi-polar
winding contained the least wire, the graduated variation in the length being here
reversed.
It will be readily understood that another similar group will occupy the four
spaces at i, i, i, i on the core and still another the spaces at k, k, k, k, thus covering
the armature, the coils of group i, being longer than those of group h, and those of
group being longer than those of group i, and all of them are locked in position
by pins, as at g, as before described.
It is however to be understood that the coils need not always be thus grouped,
either in a bi-polar or in a multi-polar winding, as illustrated for instance in the
multi-polar armature Figure 8.
In this winding there are sixty four coils in four series of sixteen coils each.
Each series, includes coils differing in form at their ends, and also as to the length
of wire therein but they are uniform as to their length, that is to say, their sides at
the face of the armature are uniform in length.
As here shown, the sixteen coils of the 1st series have been applied to the
armature core, and it will be seen, that instead of having the sides of all the coils of
even length, grouped at four different points, as in Figure 7, the coils are here alike
in length but have the sides of the several coils l, m, n, and o¹, regularly separated,
so that the sides of longer coils of the 2nd 3rd and 4th series will when applied be
intervened between the sides of the coils of the first series at the face of the
armature.
The four coils, 1, 1, and 1, are first applied to the core a, then the four
coils m³, m², m³, and m', then follows the four coils n', n³, n³, and n³, and finally in
this series, the tour coils o', o³, o³, and o', are applied these being held in place by
more or less of the several pins g.
The next or 2nd series of coils are sufficiently longer than the first, to enable
the second series to overlie the 1st, and the next four coils of the 1, form, will have
their sides respectively located at the four points indicated at 2nd those of
the m form at m 2nd, the n form at n 2nd, and the o, form at o 2nd. In the next
series, the sides of the coils of the 7, form will be located at the four points / 3rd,
the m, form at m 3rd the n, form at n 3rd and the o, form at o 3rd and in like
manner will each four coils of the fourth series have their sides located respectively
at 4th, m 4th, n 4th and o 4th.
Referring now to the sixteen coils of the 1st series here shown to be in place,
it will be seen that radial portions of the l', coils are overlaid by all of the other
coils, and hence the curved ends of these others are slightly deflected, to the extent
of the thickness of the l, coils, this slight deflection being possible, notwithstanding
the fact, that all are of the same length at the face of the armature. It will also
be seen that the coils of the 2nd, series will be as much longer than those of the
1st as will enable their ends, to overlie, the two thicknesses of coils at the two ends
of the core, and so on with appropriate increase of length, in the coils of the 3rd
and 4th series
This system of arranging the coils is not restricted to multi-polar armatures,
but is equally applicable to bi-polar windings, as is illustrated in Figure 9. As here

page_text: shown, the winding is composed of thirty two coils or winding sections, in four series
of eight coils each, the 1st series having been applied to the core a.
As these coils are like those shown in Figures 1 to 5 in the matter of form they
will be designated by letters of reference similar to those heretofore used on the
same forms.
These pairs of coils b, c, d, and e, are all of the same length on the face of the
'armature, whereas in Figure 2, the coils so designated differ in length. These
coils constituting the 1st series of this winding, vary as to the length of wire
therein, as do the coils in each of the several groups b, c, d, and e, first
described.
The curved ends of the coils c, d and e here overlie the radial portions of the
coils b, and involve the slight deflection of the ends of each of the other coils, referred
to, in connection with the multi-polar windings last described, so also do the radial
ends of the coils c, underlie the curved portions of the coils, d and e, the latter also
overlying the radial portions of the coils d.
The coils b, of the second series, are longer than those of the 1st and will have
their sides located at the points indicated at 6, 2nd on the face of the armature;
the sides of the coils e, of the second series will be located at c 2nd, the sides of the
coils d, at d 2nd, and of coils e, at e 2nd.
In like manner will the other coils of the 3rd and 4th series be respectively
located appropriately at b, 3rd, b, 4th, c, 3rd, c 4th, d 3rd, d 4th, and e 3rd e 4th
thus symmetrically clothing the armature.
It will now be readily understood that the clothing of other multi-polar armatu es
will or need involve no variation either in the form of the coils or in the length
of their sides relatively to the length of the core, or in the matter of assemblage.
It will be obvious that these disclosures will be ample for the guidance of persons
skilled in the art, in applying this system of winding to any drum armature,
regardless of the number of its commutated divisions.
All of the armatures shown are alike as to the several herein before recited novel
features, some of which will be here repeated; each commutated division contains
pairs of coils containing wire in equal length, in each group or series of coils, all
of the coils have sides, equal in length at the face, of the armature; no two pairs
of coils in a group or in commutated divisions of a series contain the same length of
wire; at all times in each armature, coils containing an equal length of wire, will
be beneath the commutating brushes, and there will be an equal length of wire in
the coils between the brushes, thus securing electrical balance; the coils although
varying in the length of wire therein, and consequently in. their weight, are so
symmetrically disposed in their assemblage, as to secure a mechanical balance of
the armature; any one coil in any one group or series has a side portion, alongside
of the side portion of another coil in the same group or series, at the face of the
armature.
All of the coils or winding sections are rectangular in outline, in having sides
and ends which are substantially parallel with the face of the armature and its ends
respectively but have their ends variably radial and variably curved or bent, and
the correspondingly curved ends, in all of the groups, or series occupy concentric
lines, at the ends of the armature, and afford ample intervening concentric air
spaces, and between the several radial and curved portions of the coils, or sections,
ample spaces are afforded for the reception of locking pins or studs, and in each
case the annular flanges on the ends of the core, afford air spaces between the
core and the ends of the coils, but it is to be understood that the omission of said
flanges will involve no departure from the main features of my invention.
or
The several winding sections thus far described, contain many turns
convolutions of wire, and hence they are true coils, but it is to be understood that
each section may contain only a single turu of wire, or many wires of a single turn
each, as for instance, as illustrated in Figure 10 where the section p, is composed
of six wires in one turn each, but the massed wires at the terminals p', may be
securely tied and such sections can then be assembled like the others.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me
by my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is :-
.
1st. The combination substantially as herein before described, of a suitable core
and an armature winding composed of specially formed coils or sections, which are
rectangular in their outline, are counterparts in pairs, and are assembled in groups
or series, in each of which the coils are of equal length on the face of the core,
and differ in length from the coils of other groups or series, as and for the purposes
specified.
2nd. The combination substantially as herein before described, of a suitable core,
and an armature winding, composed of specially formed coils, which are rectangular
in their outline, are assembled in groups or series of coils, each group or series
differing from the others, as to the length of the sides of the coils therein and in
each group or series, coils which at their ends, are variably radial and variably '
curved, and have their curved portions on the heads of the armature, coincident
with the curved portions of the correspondingly curved coils in all of the other
groups or series, as and for the purpose specified.
3rd. The combination substantially as hereinbefore described of an armature core
provided at each end with a laterally projecting annular flange near its periphery,
and a winding composed of specially formed coils or sections, said flanges affording
air spaces between the ends of the core and the ends of the coils.
4th. In an armature winding, groups or series of specially formed rectangular
coils or sections, the coils in either group, differing in length from coils in the
other groups, and having a side portion of each coil of each group, beside
the side portion of another coil in the same group or series at the face of the
armature.
5th. In a bi-polar armature winding, groups of specially formed rectangular
coils having sides of equal length in each group, but differing in such length from
the coils of other groups, the several sides of the coils in each group lying side by
side at the face of the armature substantially as described.
6th. A bi-polar armature winding composed of specially formed rectangular coils,
or sections, assembled in groups, and baving the ends of the coils in each
group equally divided and located at opposite sides of the armature substantially
as described.
7th. An armature winding composed of specially formed rectangular coils, or
sections, assembled in groups or series the coils of each group or series, differing in
the length of their sides from the coils, of other groups or series, each group
containing coils, which are counterparts in pairs, as to the length of wire therein,
the length of their sides, and in the curvatures at their ends, and have their
curved ends located at opposite sides of the armature shaft, substantially as
described.
1
HASELTINE, LAKE.& Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.