matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKES FOR RAILWAYS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Olivier at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd April
1875.
I, JEAN OLIVIER, of Boulevard Saint Denis, No. 1, at Paris, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKES FOR RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
Railway trains generally have only two brakes, one on the tender and
the other on the guard's van. When the driver sees any obstacle he
gives the stop signal, and then the fireman acts upon the brake on the
tender, and at the same time the guard acts upon that on his van. By
these means the train can be stopped in a space of several hundred
yards; but if the obstacle should be say at less than fifty yards it is
almost impossible to stop the train before reaching it, and this is often a
cause of terrible accidents.
With the object of preventing these accidents I have invented a
system of continuous transmission which acts at once upon brakes on
all the carriages of the train, so that all the wheels are simultaneously
skidded and prevented turning; they thus slide on the rails and the train
is therefore stopped almost at once.

page_text: In carrying out my Invention I fit along every carriage, cither above
the carriage body or at any other convenient position, a longitudinal
shaft free to turn in bearings, and carrying at each end what I term a
lantern wheel, that is to say, a wheel composed of a vertical disc with a
series of long teeth standing out from one face. These teeth are free
and engage with corresponding teeth on the longitudinal shafts of the
adjoining carriages. This mode of gearing allows the carriages to follow
the curves of the line without the gearing becoming discngaged, and the
action of the buffers is not at all interfered with because the gear wheels
can advance and recede easily while still remaining in gear. About the
middle of its length the longitudinal shaft carries a toothed wheel in
gear with a rack which may be conveniently lodged in the side of the
carriage body; this rack is connected at its lower end to one end of a
lever, the other end of which is pivoted to a fixed cross bar. The lever
communicates its downward movement to a transverse sliding bar
through the intermediation of a strong bolt or of a cam or excentric.
The sliding bar is connected to wedges which apply the brake blocks
against the carriage wheels. Strong springs remove the blocks out of
contact with the wheels when the racks are lifted.
The mechanism abovo described can be applied to any description of
brake. The tender is likewise provided with a similar longitudinal shaft
having a lantern wheel to gear into the corresponding wheel of the
adjoining carriage; this shaft is operated by means of an endless screw
in gear with a screw wheel thereon. The driver turns the screw by
means of a hand wheel.
•
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN HAIR PINS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Hill at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th July
1875.
I, HENRY HILL, of Redditch, in the County of Worcester, Fancy
Needle Case and Safety Hair Pin Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN HAIR PINS," to
be as follows (that is to say) .-
My improvements in wire pins used by ladies in dressing their hair,
have for their object increased security when such pins are passed into
the hair, and possessing the quality of holding or retaining their position
as placed much better than hair pins ordinarily constructed. To effect
this I curve or angularly bend out the ends of such pins, which being
compressed for application will again expand by the spring like force of
the wire of which they are composed, and as a consequence exert in
proportion to the expanding force the power or quality of retention.
In some cases I may laterally expand one side only of the prong or
pin, and I also purpose planishing the bow end of such pins to give
them rigidity at that part, and in like manner the curved or lateral
angled ends
may also be planished for the same purpose
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR Weaving
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Butterworth, William
Dickinson, and Christopher Catlow at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 8th September 1875.
We, JOHN BUTTERWORTH and WILLIAM DICKINSON, Machinists, and
CHRISTOPHER CATLOW, Overlooker, all of Burnley, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR Weaving,” to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the use of improved appliances for operating
the "cloth roller" or roller employed for taking up the cloth as woven,
and whereby the use of emery or other roughing of what is known as
the "emery roller" is rendered unnecessary. We affix on the end of
the shaft of the "emery roller," and on the end of the shaft of the cloth
roller a grooved pulley, round which pulley is passed, as many times as
desirable, an endless driving band or cord. The cord in passing from
the grooved pulley on the top roller (which is the driver) is crossed
before passing round the pulley on the shaft of the cloth roller so as to
turn the cloth roller in the proper direction, and the slack of the
cord forms a pendent loop below the axis of the cloth roller, within

page_text: which loop a small pulley is received attached to a weight for the
purpose of keeping the endless driving cord at a proper degree of tension
during the varying diameters of the cloth beam or roller. There may
-also-be-applied to a portion of the cord forming the pendent loop a pair
of small grooved pulleys or rollers (carried by-a-bracket)-for-further_5
regulating the friction or bite of the endless driving cord, irrespective
of the amount of the weight employed, as above described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FEED HEATERS FOR BOILERS
Year: 1875

page_text: -
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Joseph Hall, Frank
Alexander Marshall, and Charles Weeding Skinner, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 13th
February 1875.
We, WILLIAM JOSEPH HALL, FRANK ALEXANDER MARSHALL, and
CHARLES WEEDING SKINNER, all of Newcastle-on-Tyne, in the County of
Northumberland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FEED HEATERS FOR BOILERS," to be as follows:
This Invention relates to the construction and arrangement of feed
heaters for boilers in such a manner as to utilise a large portion of the
waste heat usually carried off with the products of combustion, to protect
the boilers from loss of heat by radiation without the necessity for setting
them in or covering them with non-conducting material, and to prevent
in great measure the deposition of mud or incrustation within the
boilers. For this purpose we make the feed heater as a hollow shell or
saddle shaped vessel made to enclose the boiler wholly or partially
within it, leaving between the outer periphery of the boiler and the inner
wall of the shell a space through which the products of combustion are

page_text: conducted on their way from the boiler tubes or flues to the chimney.
In passing through this space they impart a portion of their residuary
heat to the boiler on the one side, and a portion to the shell on the other
side. The interior of the shell is supplied with the feed water which
enters it through a check valve, and which passes thence through
another check valve into the boiler, having been heated in its passage
through the shell. While it is thus slowly passing through the shell
and receiving heat a large portion of the impurities suspended or
dissolved in the water become deposited in the feed heater, and can be
removed thence from time to time by opening mud holes provided in its
walls. To support the shell it may be made with hollow protruberances
on its inner wall by which it can rest on the exterior of the boiler, or
the boiler may be hung by suspending bolts or straps from the interior
of the shell. The shell chamber as above described may be made either
in one, or it may be made in separate compartments communicating by
pipes or passages with one another, so that it may be more easily fitted
over the boiler, and that if one portion should require repair it might be
disconnected while the other portions remained in use.
By arranging the shell over and enclosing the boiler as above set
forth, it serves as a protection against radiation, and thus the lagging of
the boiler with nonconducting material or setting it in brickwork may
be dispensed with.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF FARINACEOUS AND SUCH LIKE COMPOUNDS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Barker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st March 1875.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT BARKER, of the Firm of Savory and Moore, of
New Bond Street, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF
FARINACEOUS AND SUCH LIKE COMPOUNDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the compressing, solidifying, and
concentrating into small space farinaceous and such like compounds for
the purpose of economizing the space and reducing the bulk in which
the same may be kept and used, especially for the facilities and economy
of transit. This compression and solidification may be effected by
hydraulic pressure or other suitable means, so as not to affect the nature
or purity of the farinaceous compounds thus treated.
Farinaceous foods compressed into a small space will be found to
retain their purity in a far higher degree than the ordinary uncompressed
farinaceous meals, because the force of the compression expels the air

page_text: contained between the loose or separated particles and changes the mass
into a solid or hard mass.
The farinaceous materials may be compressed directly into metal
cases, or they may be compressed in moulds and withdrawn for packing
in the tins or cases.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW LETTER COPYING PRESSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Barton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
December 1875.
I, JOSEPH BARTON, of the City of Manchester, Mechanic, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW
LETTER COPYING PRESSES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is the construction of a screw letter
copying press, whereby the copying process shall be expedited and
facilitated, and consists in the application of two or more screw threads in
the ordinary vertical screw, so as to increase the speed with which the top
plate may be raised and lowered, and in the further application of a
left-handed screw situated beneath, but in an axial line with the vertical
screw, and actuated by a worm and worm wheel for the purpose of pro-
ducing the final or squeezing pressure upon the copying book when the
top plate has been brought down upon it by the quick threaded screw,
which is turned by the ordinary shaped handle. The worm gearing
with the worm wheel of the lower or left-hand screw is secured upon an
horizontal spindle turning in bearings upon the top plate, and which is
revolved either by a wheel, winch, lever, or other suitable handle.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF Machine for Cleaning Knives and Forks
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Jucker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
January 1875.
I, ROBERT JUCKER, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF Machine for Cleaning Knives and Forks,” to
be as follows :-
The Invention is designed for the purpose of enabling a number of
knives and forks to be simultaneously cleaned in one machine, and at
one operation with facility and expedition.
The improvements may be thus described:-The framework of the
machine is constructed in a manner which will enable its body or upper
portion to enclose in an outer box or case two arrangements of endless
brushes running parallel with each other and in the same direction;
these brushes are made in sections and secured transversely upon endless
straps which are distended between pullies, the surfaces of which are
made polygonal to correspond with the sectional flats of the endless
traversing brushes.

page_text: The continuous lines of bristles of the brushes are so arranged with
respect to their supporting pullies, that their top surfaces come into
contact with each other in their line of traverse midway between their
supporting polygonal blocks, so that any flat blades such as knife blades or
the prongs of forks inserted through slots or openings in the framing in
a line with the central traverse of the brushes so as to be acted upon by
the same, would be thoroughly cleansed and have their surfaces polished;
the length of bristles traversing in contact with each other between their
supporting blocks or pullies enables a number of knives or forks to bo
cleansed at one operation; this arrangement also enables carving knives,
forks, or other long blades to be cleaned by passing the same into the
machine at the end thereof through suitable openings made for the
purpose in the plate covering the ends, thereby causing such blades
or prongs to be acted upon by the brushes in their longitudinal
traverse.
An orifice or opening in the top of the box or case containing the
brushes is provided for the purpose of feeding polishing powder or
paste.
The framing in a position midway between its two ends is provided
with sliding blocks supporting upper and lower rollers inserted between
the endless straps carrying the brushes; these rollers are acted upon by
springs or other equivalent in a manner which will cause them to press
the two lines of traversing brushes together midway between their
supporting centres.
The polygonal blocks or pullies also carrying the endless brushes are
supported in sliding blocks, and driven by wheels which have an annular
movement around their central carrier. By this arrangement the blocks
around which the endless straps are distended as the bristles of the
brushes are shortened by wear, can be brought nearer to each other,
thereby enabling the bristles as they wear shorter to maintain their
cleaning or polishing property until reduced to their roots.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING BETWEEN PASSENGERS, GUARDS, AND ENGINE DRIVERS OF RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Frederic Smeeton and
James Law at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 22nd December 1875.
We, GEORGE FREDERIC SMEETON, of Halifax, in the County of York,
Cotton Manufacturer, and JAMES LAW, of Cleckheaton, in the County
aforesaid, Card Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING BETWEEN PASSENGERS,
GUARDS, AND ENGINE DRIVERS OF RAILWAY TRAINS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus to be
employed for signalling from any part of a railway train to the guard
and engine driver thereof, and for signalling or indicating from which
particular carriage or compartment of a carriage the signal proceeded.
The apparatus consists of a series of pipes, one of which is secured
longitudinally on each carriage, and these several pipes communicate
with each other by means of flexible tubes; the engine is provided with
a pipe similar to those placed on the carriages, and at the extremity
of this pipe is a whistle; a pipe and whistle being also in the guard's
тяп.

page_text: -
In each compartment of the carriage is a handle and rod or "bell
pull" connected with a small bellows, and each bellows is by means of
a short pipe connected with the longitudinal pipe herein first referred to,
so that on the handle being pulled downwards a blast of air will be
forced into and along the pipes and the whistles sounded. A small t
valve is applied to each of the pipes which connect each bellows with
the main pipes, in order to prevent the air discharged from any bellows
entering the pipe and bellows not in use, and so diminishing the force of
the blast. The bellows (which will-be-small-and-similar-to that of a
"concertina") will be provided with internal spring for expanding the
same, so that any number of signals may be given.
TA
.
A protection from the weather in the form of an outer case or covering
is to be applied to each bellows, and the lid or a portion of the lid of this
cover is hinged and counterbalanced by means of a weighted finger,
which the bellows when not in use holds in position, but when the
bellows is contracted the lid is released, and on the next expansion of
the bellows the lid is further forced open and held in such position,
thereby indicating from which compartment the signal proceeded..
IMPROVEMENTS in Trousers
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Dutton Templer
Sparrow at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 29th November 1875.
I, THOMAS DUTTON TEMPLER SPARROW, of Piccadilly, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS in Trousers,” to be as follows :-
This Invention relates to opening and closing that part of the trouser
which is opened from the waist to the fork, technically called the fly
front, automatically, thereby dispensing with buttons and altogether
avoiding the unsightly appearance caused by the forgetfulness of the
wearer in fastening the buttons now used for that purpose.
In carrying out my Invention I cause the fly front to be self-closing by
means of two or more elastic springs of india-rubber or other elastic
material, each end of which is fastened to one part of the trouser, the

page_text: spring having sufficient elasticity to allow the trouser to be sufficiently
opened for all necessary purposes, whilst at the same time sufficiently
rigid to hold the parts closely together when the trouser is in use.
The springs may be fastened in any convenient manner, and used
vertically in place of horizontally, if so desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bywater and John
Mawson Whitaker at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 6th December 1875.
We, WILLIAM BYWATER, of the Sweet Street Foundry, Holbeck,
Leeds, in the County of York, and John MawSON WHITAKER, of the
Albert Mills, in the said Holbeck, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREIN," to be as follows:-
The object of the Invention is to obtain an improved manufacture of
fabric when weaving with cotton, woollen, or other warp and woollen
weft.
According to our Invention whilst the warp is of the usual character,
the woollen yarn employed for the weft is woven into the fabric in a
wet state, by which means the weaver is enabled readily to weave in
much more of the same size of weft in a given space than when such
weft is woven in dry or comparatively dry, that is to say, he can obtain
a greater number of picks to the inch with wet than with dry yarn, and
superior cloth is obtained without increase of warp. Fabric so made

page_text: with wet yarn and with the moisture remaining in it when wound on
to the cloth beam would be liable to mildew or rot, to avoid which we
dry the cloth as it passes to, or whilst it is being wound on to the cloth
beam or roller, and we find it convenient to effect this drying by means
of a hot box, which may be heated by steam or gas, or in other suitable
manner.
In applying a hot box to the fabric on the cloth beam, we generally
give such box a curved form, corresponding somewhat with that of the
fabric on the beam, but we do not confine ourselves to that form as the
box may be made of other form, and in the use of such box we, when
desired, maintain it at a uniform distance, or so as just to bear on the
fabric and varying with the quantity of fabric on the beam, or
otherwise by spring or other suitable pressure, but it may lay on the
cloth.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR AIDING THE MANUFACTURE OF EARTHENWARE AND PORCELAIN PLATES AND DISHES, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF A LIKE DESCRIPTION
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Stainer Till at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
November 1875.
I, HENRY STAINER TILL, of Tinkersclough, in the Borough of Hanley,
in the County of Stafford, Potters' Figure Maker, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR AIDING
THE MANUFACTURE OF EARTHENWARE AND PORCELAIN PLATES AND DISHES, AND
OTHER ARTICLES OF A LIKE DESCRIPTION," to be as follows:-
A proper mouth-piece is to be fixed to the ordinary clay or pug mill
in use on pottery manufactories, capable of sending out the clay on to
the revolving strap of the mill in ribbons or strips of the required width
and thickness; the clay is then to pass under rollers of the required
width apart, and under a metal scraper to smooth the surface of the
clay, the rollers and scraper being attached to the pug mill; the clay is
next stamped into the required shape by a ring of sharp-edged metal
used by a boy who places the shaped pieces of clay or
"bats upon
another revolving strap of the required width and length, which carries
the bats directly in front of the plate maker, and can supply several
"

page_text: makers at once (the plate maker then takes one of the bats used as
they come past the ordinary wheel for making the plate on the mould).
In front of each maker a large double skeleton wheel is to be fixed,
made of iron and perpendicular, fitted with horizontal double balanced
removable shelves made of wood or perforated metal in pairs, and of
several feet in length, on one of which shelves the maker places the
moulds, and on the other the plates as made, the wheel to be moveable
by the plate maker at his pleasure, and to hold sufficient moulds to
keep the maker employed while the plates on the upper shelves are
drying.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN WASHING MACHINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th October 1875.
I, WILLIAM BELL, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN WASHING MACHINES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
-
This Invention, which relates to improvements in washing machines,
has for its object to enable the washing of clothes to be effected more
rapidly and efficiently than hitherto.
The improved machine constituting the Invention consists of a box
or vessel, in which the washing liquid is carried, and longitudinally
through two opposite sides of the box or vessel a shaft or rod passes,
one of which is provided with a handle, or gears at the outside for
rotating it.
Between the two shafts or rods a hexagonal or polygonal chamber
formed of corrugated bars is carried, and into this the clothes to be
washed are placed.

page_text: The washing is effected by rotating the hexagonal or polygonal
chamber, and as the water or washing liquid rises to the level of the
shaft or thereabouts the clothes in being washed are alternately raised
into and out from the liquid, and the washing is thereby effected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-ARMS AND PROJECTILES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Captain Richard Burton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 1st September 1875.
I, Captain RICHARD BURTON, Her Britannic Majesty's Consul at
Trieste, in the Empire of Austria, now residing in London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-ARMS
AND PROJECTILES," to be as follows:-
The improvements in fire-arms have reference more particularly to
those intended for use on horse back, such as carbines, pistols, and such
like, but the improvements may be applied to all sorts and descriptions
of existing or other small armis, and consist in the application of a short
hand rest furnished to the barrel or stock near the muzzle, such rest
serving to hold and point the fire-arm to which it may be applied, and
also to partly take the recoil on firing, the object being to use fire-arms
bow and arrow fashion, that is, the left arm being extended to its full
length or nearly so, and the left hand grasping the short rest above
mentioned, whereby the fire-arm can be directed or pointed on an object
and held, while the right hand, also somewhat extended, grasps the
handlo of the stock of tho fire-arm and pulls the trigger.

page_text: The improvements may be performed in various ways, but readily by
taking any pistol stock and putting therein a barrel about eighteen
inches long, and fixing thereon, about an inch or so from the muzzle, a
fixed, hinged, or sliding rod or rest, about four inches long, projecting
downwards at right angles to the said barrel.
The improvements in projectiles refer more particularly to those
intended to be used with the improved fire-arm above described, and
with small arms generally, but shells or large projectiles may also be
improved in the same manner, which consists in forming bullets, shells,
and such like hollow of two or more picces, preferably two pieces, said
pieces being fixed and held together by bands or strips of paper, wood,
metal, or secured by other convenient means, and when desired intro-
ducing into said projectiles explosive compounds furnished with percussion
caps, so arranged that the said cap shall not be exposed or visible on the
outside of the projectile, but wholly imbedded therein near to the point,
so that on the projectile striking an object an explosion may not
immediately take place on contact, the object intended being to offer a
resisting medium which may be proportioned to the result desired by
increasing or diminishing the thickness of the metal part or point in
front of the percussion cap.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND IN APPLIANCES FOR PROPELLING CANOES AND ROW BOATS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Land at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
February 1875.
I, EDWARD LAND, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE METHOD OF AND IN APPLIANCES FOR PROPELLING CANOES AND ROW BOATS," to
be as follows :-
My Invention relates more particularly to such small boats as are
propelled by the action of a single individual, but is or may be also
applicable to boats propelled by two or more rowers, and the object of
my said Invention is to enable the rower to face any point towards which
he may wish to row. To this end I form a joint in the scull or oar, and
I mount the said scull in two bearings or two sets of rowlocks, with the
said joint between the said bearings or rowlocks, so that the blade of the
scull shall move in about the same direction as the handle of the scull.
The said bearings or rowlocks are mounted upon a frame which is
connected with the side of the boat or with the outrigger by means of a
joint which will permit the blade of the scull to be immersed in and

page_text: withdrawn from the water. The shaft of the scull or a part to which it
is fixed is permitted to slide in one of the bearings, and by preference in
the outer one of the said bearings.
I may arrange the blade of the scull so that it will be permitted to
feather when being withdrawn from the water; as, for example, I may
so fit the blade or the shaft of the scull as that it shall be free to revolve
in such a manner as to produce the effect of feathering when the said
blade is being withdrawn from the water, in which case I prefer to
arrange that there shall be a greater area of the said blade below the axis
of revolution than above the said axis.
I may arrange the aforesaid frame so that when desirable it may
be turned to such an extent as will bring up the scull alongside the
boat.
AN IMPROVED MACHINERY BELT FASTENER
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Patrick at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
August 1875. A communication from abroad by Cyrenius Roc,
residing at Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
I, ALEXANDER PATRICK, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Ironfounder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED MACHINERY BELT FASTENER," (the same having been
communicated to me from abroad by Cyrenius Roc, residing at
Hamilton, Ontario, Canada), to be as follows, that is to say :—
This Invention relates to a machinery belt fastener which is extremely
simple in construction, very casy to apply, thoroughly secure, and
otherwise superior to existing belt fasteners.
The improved fastener is a simple buckle or clamp of steel or wrought
iron or malleable cast iron, and is in the shape of an oval plate with a
slot formed through it. The slot is barely as broad as twice the
thickness of the belt, and its edges are bevilled so that one flat side of
the plate forms acute angles with the sides of the slot. The two ends of
the belt that are to be fastened are thrust through the slot from the flat

page_text: side, so that when the belt is put to work the buckle and ends are to
the outer side of it, the ends being bended sharply round the bevilled
edges of the slot, and thereby prevented from drawing out.
An advantage of the contrivance is that a belt can be easily tightened
up at any time by forcibly drawing the end or ends further through the
buckle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SWEEPING OR. CLEANING CHIMNEYS, FLUES, AND DRAINS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Black at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th May.
1875.
I, GEORGE BLACK, of No. 65, Norton Street, Spittlegate, near
Grantham, in the County of Lincoln, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SWEEPING OR.
CLEANING CHIMNEYS, FLUES, AND DRAINS," to be as follows:-
:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for
sweeping or cleaning chimneys, flues, and drains. For this purpose I
employ metal rods coiled to a spiral form. They are made in lengths
and joined together when required for use. The joint in each case
consists of a socket fixed within the spiral at one end of a length, and
receiving within it the squared end of another.length. A spring catch
prevents the square drawing out of the socket until the spring is pressed.
back. In this way the coiled rod can be coupled up to any length
required, and at one end of the arrangement (if for sweeping chimneys
or flues) I fix a brush, whilst at the other end I apply a crank handle.

page_text: In connection with this apparatus I employ a pillar or bar which I fix
in the mouth of the chimney. A convenient way of securing it is by
jamming one end of the bar by means of a screw against the under side
of the chimney arch at the back of the chimney piece, whilst the other
end of the bar rests on the hearth. This pillar or bar is provided with a
lengthening piece that it may suit any height of chimney arch. A clip
upon the pillar or bar carries a rest which is adjustable, and can be
brought to bear in such a manner as to prevent the pillar or bar turning
when the machinery is in use, thus the pillar or bar is fixed so that it
cannot move.
Upon the pillar or bar a nut or holder is clamped. The nut or holder
is made in two halves; it opens to receive the coiled rod into it, and it
fits to it so that when the coiled rod is rotated it advances through the
nut or holder. The brush which is fixed at the end of the coiled rod,
thus receives a motion which enables it to act very efficiently to clean
chimneys and flues. The joints between the several lengths of rod are
able to pass freely through the nut or holder.
When cleaning drains I mount on the end of the coiled rod a vessel
to receive and retain the soil with which the drain is stopped. By means
of the coiled rods and nut the vessel is forced forward until it becomes
full, and it is then drawn back by rotating the coiled rod in the opposite
direction.
Whether in sweeping chimneys or flues or in cleaning drains, the
combined rotation and forward motion of the cleaning apparatus renders
its action very effectual. The coiled rods being very pliable are well
adapted to follow bends in chimneys, flues, or drains.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CARDING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Tattersall at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
December 1875.
I, JOHN TATTERSALL, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CARDING COTTON AND OTHER
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows :—
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery or
apparatus for carding cotton and other fibrous substances, and relates,
firstly, to the combination with a doffer or doffing cylinder, and a main
or carding cylinder of two circular rotating brushes or clearers arranged
in a line with each other, one below each end of the doffer near to the
main cylinder, and designed to make even or trim the "selvages" of
the fleece or sheet of carded cotton by rubbing off any projecting
inequalities or loose cotton, which may form upon or adhere to the
edges of the fleece. The circular brushes are caused to rotate by means
of straps, bands, or cords, driven from the main cylinder shaft or other
convenient driver, and run loose upon studs fixed to the framework of
"

page_text: the machine, or they may both be fixed upon a shaft running parallel to
the doffer, and may then be driven at one end only. In either arrange-
ment suitable provision is made for adjusting the position of the
rotating brushes longitudinally or vertically. The brushes may be
composed of bristle, fibre, wire, or other suitable material.
The Invention relates, secondly, to means whereby loose cotton or
waste may be prevented from accumulating on the feed rollers of
carding engines between the necks or end bearings and the points on
the fluted portion of the rollers, between which the edges of the lap
travel. To this end I employ "rubbing pieces" (preferably of wood)
one to each end of the upper and lower rollers, so formed and applied as
just to touch the periphery of the rollers at a point of contact extending
from the edge of the lap to the journal boxes supporting the roller ends.
By this improved arrangement cotton or waste is prevented from.
winding on the ends of the rollers, and the upper "rubbing pieces" may
be readily arranged to answer the purpose of guides for the lap in its
passage to the feed rollers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHODS FOR PREVENTING LOSS OF LIFE AND DAMAGE TO PROPERTY FROM THE BREAKING OF ROPES, CHAINS, CONNECTIONS, OR MACHINERY, IN HOISTS AND SHAFTS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Percy Holt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
May 1875.
I, HENRY PERCY HOLT, of Leeds, in the County of York, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHODS FOR PREVENTING LOSS OF LIFE AND DAMAGE TO
PROPERTY FROM THE BREAKING OF ROPES, CHAINS, CONNECTIONS, OR MACHINERY, IN
HOISTS AND SHAFTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in forming a pit, sump, or tank, at the bottom
of the hoist shaft into which the cage guides are continued as above;
this is of such dimensions that the cage floor or bottom will just enter
without touching, but so that the atmospheric air can only leak past the
cage bottom sides with difficulty after the manner of an air-tight piston
working in a cylinder, the cage bottom representing the piston, and the
sides of the pit or tank the bore of the cylinder; this pit may be lined
with any suitable material, and the entrance formed by means of a metal
frame or otherwise.

page_text: In some cases the cage bottom is provided with leather flaps which
are forced against the sides of the tank by the air being compressed by
the cage falling into the tank; by this means supporting power may be
increased. These flaps or packings may be also formed of any suitable
material, and when desirable a loaded safety valve may be connected to
the sump to allow the air compressed by the cage falling to escape at
any given pressure, and thus give out any required amount of supporting
or checking power to cause the cage to land gently.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TYPE AND TRANSFERRING APPARATUS TO BE USED IN THE PROCESS OF PRINTING, PRODUCING, TRANSFERRING, OR APPLYING LETTERS, DEVICES, AND DESIGNS UPON OR TO GLASS, CHINA, PORCELAIN, METALS, ENAMELLED OR POLISHED SURFACES, AND ARTICLES OF A FRAGILE CHARACTER
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Rowland Holyoake at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 7th April 1875.
I, WALTER ROWLAND HOLYOAKE, of Hayter House, Marylebone Road,
in the County of Middlesex, Artist, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TYPE AND TRANSFERRING APPARATUS
TO BE USED IN THE PROCESS OF PRINTING, PRODUCING, TRANSFERRING, OR APPLYING
LETTERS, DEVICES, AND DESIGNS UPON OR TO GLASS, CHINA, PORCELAIN, METALS,
ENAMELLED OR POLISHED SURFACES, AND ARTICLES OF A FRAGILE CHARACTER," to
be as follows:-
I print, produce, transfer, or apply the desired lettering or pattern by
the use of an clastic or yielding type or transferring apparatus, and
herein-after termed "type," and the use of an ink or pigment or an
enamel suitable to the article or material upon or to which it is to be
applied Such article or material is herein-after termed "article," and
I manufacture the "type" by making it of any convenient substance
or material sufficiently clastic or yielding that when applied it may not
injuriously affect the "article," but possessing sufficient firmness to
retain the character of the letter or pattern without any or with but

page_text: little sensible alteration or injury These qualities are evidently matters
of degree varying according to circumstances, but I contemplate pro-
ducing the type according to the circumstances in accordance with one
or other of the following methods, namely, by cutting out by hand or die
from leather, indian-rubber, gutta percha, papier machie, cartonpierre,
cardboard, cloth, flexible or textile fabric, bread, wax, or plastic
material, and cementing the cut out pieces upon indian-rubber, gelatine,
gluc, or a compound of leather, glue, and molasses, or any suitable
clastic or flexible material; or by mounting the cut out pieces upon a
hard or rigid backing, rendering the same yielding by a cushion of
Or sometimes by employing
springs or in any convenient manner.
ordinary printing type of wood or metal, or stereotype or copper plates,
and covering them with a solution of gelatine, collodion, linoleum, gold-
beaters' skin, oiled silk, zilonite, glue, elastic varnish, or any suitable
glutinous substance, cloth or leather, and mounting upon a bed or
backing or frame rendered yielding by a cushion of springs or in any
convenient manner, and sometimes the elastic or yielding quality of the
typo is increased at the time of application or use by means of heat
or steam.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO EMBROIDERING MACHINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John MºGeorge at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
December 1875.
I, JOHN M°GEORGE, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster,
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO EMBROIDERING MACHINES," to
be as follows :-
My Invention refers to that machine known as the Bonnaz, or to other
embroidering machines of that class, and has for its object the feeding
of the material by mechanical means according to the pattern to be
embroidered instead of guiding it by hand as now practised. For this
purpose I employ a cam or cams which represent a template of the
pattern to be embroidered, and which acts upon the feed through the
medium of any suitable gearing.
In the arrangement I propose the ordinary top shaft gives motion to
another upon which there is a worm which drives the cam or as it may
be called rotatory template, and this acts against a rod which by means
of a lever gives motion to a toothed wheel which drives another smaller

page_text: wheel upon the ordinary axis of the feed motion, which is thus moved
according to the shape of the cam or template. In some patterns as is
well known an entire revolution or revolutions are required. In such
cases I propose to use two cams, the second one to act through the
medium of levers for effecting that part of the revolution which the first t
cannot impart.
Another part of my Invention refers to cases in which quick back-
ward and forward motions are required as in the cases of Vandyke
patterns. For this purpose I apply a crank on a shaft, which by means
of a rod gives motion to a lever, on which there is a bevil pinion taking :
into two others upon the ordinary feed shaft; the said shaft being made
in two parts, the vibrations of the aforesaid lever gives the feed motion
in one direction or the other as required, and when the ordinary handle
is to be used it acts through the aforesaid bevil wheels.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING SLAG FROM BLAST FURNACES TO PRODUCE A NEW ARTICLE OF MANUFACTURE
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Thomas Hughes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th April 1875.-A communication from abroad by Max Ernst
Bergius, of Mannheim, Baden.
I, EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes and Son, Patent
Agents, 123, Chancery Lane, London, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING SLAG FROM BLAST
FURNACES TO PRODUCE A NEW ARTICLE OF MANUFACTURE," a communication
to me from abroad by Max Ernst Bergius, of Mannheim, Baden, to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in treating slag from blast furnaces to produce
a new article of manufacture, called "silicate cotton." The hot slag is
discharged and conveyed from the furnace, and by a jet or system of
pipes or jets a blast of steam is discharged upon and into the slag, which
is transformed into a cotton-like state.
In manufacturing pig iron in the blast furnace the cinder or slag is
discharged from time to time through the lap hole, and flows out in a

page_text: thick stream. From this stream a jet of about an inch diameter is
separated, and at the moment this jet leaves the channel and runs to the
floor steam at high pressure is introduced into the jet of slag. The
diameter of the steam pipe is about three-eighths of an inch. By intro-
ducing the steam into the falling cinder or slag the latter is divided into
the finest hair-like threads, and the so-called silicate cotton is at once
produced.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN FURNACES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Thomas Ramsden at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 31st March 1875.
I, WALTER THOMAS RAMSDEN, of 177, Kingsland Road, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN FURNACES," to be as follows:-
The furnace bars being so constructed that they can be mooved
separately and at pleasure and thrust forward altogether, thus carrying
the fire forward and fed from a hopper above, with other bars at the
bottom of the said hopper to carry the coal over the live fire on the
furnace bars, with leaver or cam arrangement for working the bars of
the furnace from the bottom of the hopper, together or separately, or at
varying speeds, also an arrangement of close bars in the same order as
the furnace bars, but working the opposite way for fetching the ashes
out of the ash-pit.
AN ARTIFICIAL ANIMAL CHARCOAL SUITABLE AS A FILTERING, DECOLORISING, AND DEODORISING AGENT, AND FOR FORMING INTO BLOCKS FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Elcock at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th March
1875.
I, CHARLES ELCOCK, of the City of Manchester, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN ARTIFICIAL ANIMAL CHARCOAL
SUITABLE AS A FILTERING, DECOLORISING, AND DEODORISING AGENT, AND FOR
FORMING INTO BLOCKS FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is the manufacture of an artificial animal
charcoal suitable to be employed for filtering potable waters and liquids
generally, for decolorising saccharine liquids, as a deodoriser, and for
other analogous purposes. This charcoal may also be made into slabs
or plates as a substitute for the carbon plates hitherto used in galvanic
batteries, or into blocks for filtering purposes, or into any other required
form.
In performing my Invention I take ferruginous or other clay, preferably
in a powdered state, and mix with it sawdust in the proportion to the
clay of about twenty per cent. of sawdust, more or less, according to the
degree of compactness required in the resulting charcoal. The mixture

page_text: should be effected in a mortar or pug mill, in order that the requisite
pressure may be exercised to produce a homogeneous mass, and I add
sufficient moisture during the mixing process to enable the particles to
hold together. I then char the mixture in closed vessels subjected to a
red heat. Or instead of sawdust I produce a similar charcoal by mixing
clay with dissolved animal gelatinous substances, such as glue, gelatine,
or size, and char the mixture in a similar manner to that herein-before
described..
The charcoal so produced is afterwards reduced to the required size of
grain, according to the purpose for which it is intended to be used,
except in the case of slabs, plates, or other forms of carbon being
required; when I either press the mixture into the requisite form or
mould it previous to charring.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATING THE SPINDLES OF MACHINERY EMPLOYED IN SPINNING, TWISTING, SLUBBING, AND ROVING WOOL, COTTON, SILK, FLAX; AND OTHER FIBRES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gill, Henry Wainwright,
and William Gill at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 21st September 1875.
We, JOHN GILL, HENRY WAINWRIGHT, and WILLIAM GILL, all of
Wakefield, in the County of York, Machine Makers and Ironfounders,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LUBRICATING THE SPINDLES OF MACHINERY EMPLOYED IN SPINNING, TWISTING,
SLUBBING, AND ROVING WOOL, COTTON, SILK, FLAX; AND OTHER FIBRES," to be as
follows:
This Invention consists in lubricating the spindles of machinery
employed in spinning, twisting, slubbing, and roving wool and other
fibres at that part of the spindle passing through the front or "cap and
bush rail" of the machine, and the improvements consist in making, a
recess or cavity in the said front rail in proximity and connection with
the holes through which the spindle passes, and also with the cap or

page_text: step now used for binding up or keeping the spindle upright in its place.
This recess or cavity is filled with wadding or other suitable material
capable of receiving and retaining a supply of oil, so that the spindle
which is revolving against this lubricated wadding will be gradually and
effectually-supplied-with-oil.