IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DISTILLATION OF COAL TAR AND OTHER HYDROCARBON SUBSTANCES AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1884

page_text: PROVISIONAL PECIFICATION.
I HENRY WILLIAM FENNER of 7 Vnbrugh Park Road West, Blackheath in
the County of Kent Manufacturing Oemist do hereby declare the nature of my
invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DISTILLATION OF COAL TAR AND OTHER
HYDROCARBON SUBSTANCES AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN to be as
follows:-
The object of the invention is to effect the distillation of coal tar and other
hydrocarbon substances and the separation of the various component bodies thereof
with greater economy and rapidity; and to prevent the rapid destruction of the
apparatus employed as well as the stoppages of the operation which frequently
arises with existing arrangements; with saving of fuel employed in heating and to
secure other advantages.
For this purpose the still or, vessel containing the coal tar or other hydrocarbon
substance to be treated is provided with a hollow shaft which forms a channel
down the centre for the supply of steam from a pipe of supply the connection
being made by suitable packing capable of preventing escape of steam, when the
central pipe with the distributing parts or branches carried by it is caused to
revolve by means of suitable gearing in connection with a suitable power supply.
The lower part of the still for the distillation of coal tar and other bodies of
highly refractory nature, that is to say bodies which require a very high degree of
beat for their disassociation, is formed with a dome or recess rising inwards with a
channel between the lower edge of such dome and the walls of the still. The
steam supplying hollow pipe, before described, passes down to and takes its bearing
in a support on the dome and this hollow pipe forms the axis of rotation for sets or
series of arms or frames springing therefrom and which are caused thereby to
revolve over the bottom of the still or over the dome surface and channel and the
lower portion of the walls to stir the matters, as well as somewhat higher up the
still body; and to these frames are secured the pipes for the distribution of
the steam by means of openings or perforations in the branches, such openings being
arranged to eject the steam behind the blades or stirrers as such stirrers revolve.
-
Above the lower stirrers and at or about the level of the tar or other hydro-
carbon substance under treatment I apply a series of arms projecting from the

page_text: central axis and these arms again carry other arms which project downwards into
the matters' under treatment and serve to prevent frothing or boiling over of such
matters.
The central axis where it passes into the still is suitably packed.
In the case of stills or vessels to be employed for the distillation of resin and
resinous bodies or substances charged with so bigh a proportion of carbonaceous
matters I can employ the form of still having its still bottom with the dome
projecting outwards or convex as is generally practised and I adapt the shape of the
bottom stirrers, steam distributing pipes and surface stirrers accordingly.
It is advantageous to the operation of the stirrers for the blades to present an
inclined face or angle to the matters to be stirred adapted to press those matters
away from the still's sides.

page_text: I HENRY WILLIAM FENNER of 7 Vanbrugh Park Road West, Blackheath in
the County of Kent, Manufacturing Chemist do hereby declare the nature of my.
invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DISTILLATION OF COAL TAR AND OTHER
HYDRO CARBON SUBSTANCES AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED. THEREIN and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:—
..
The object of the invention is to effect the distillation, of coal tar and other
bydro carbon substances and the separation of the various component bodies thereof
with greater economy and rapidity; and to prevent the rapid destruction of the
apparatus employed as well as the stoppages of the operation which frequently
arises with existing arrangements; with saving of fuel employed in heating and to
secure other advantages.
For this purpose the still or vessel containing the coal tar or other hydro-carbon
substance to be treated is provided with a hollow shaft which forms a channel down
the centre for the supply of steam from a pipe of supply the connection being
made by suitable packing capable of preventing escape of steam when the central
pipe with the distributing parts or branches carried by it is caused to revolve
by means of suitable gearing in connection with a suitable power supply.
The lower part of the still for the distillation of coal tar and other bodies of
highly refractory nature, that is to say bodies which require a very high degree of
heat for their disassociation is formed with a dome or recess rising inwards with a
channel between the lower edge of such dome and the walls of the still-The steam
supplying hollow pipe, before described, passes down to and takes its bearing in a
support on the dome and this hollow pipe forms the axis of rotation for sets or series
of arms or frames springing therefrom and which are caused thereby to revolve
over the bottom of the still or over the dome surface and channel and the lower
portion of the walls to stir the matters, as well as somewhat higher up the still
body; and to these frames are secured the pipes for the distribution of the steam
by means of openings or perforations in the branches, such openings being arranged
to eject the steam behind the blades or stirrers as such stirrers revolve.
Above the lower stirrers and at or about the level of the tar or other hydro
carbon substance under treatment I apply a series of arms projecting from the
central axis and these arms again carry other arms which project downwards into.
the matters under treatment and serve to prevent frothing or boiling over of such.
matters.
The central axis where it passes into the still is suitably packed,
Figure 1. and Figure 1ª shew a section of a still in two portions for convenience
of arrangement on the drawing with my invention applied and Figure 2 shews a
sectional plan thereof taken about the line A A Figure 1. Figure 3 shews a plan
of the cross arms d. d.
In these figures a indicates the still or vessel to contain the coal tar or other
hydro carbon substance to be treated provided with a hollow shaft b down the

page_text: centre which forms a channel for the supply of steam received from a pipe of supply
at c the connection being made by suitable packing capable of preventing escape
of steam.
This central pipe 6 with the four distributing parts or branches 61 62 63.6*
revolves by means of gearing e in connection with suitable power connected to the.
upper part at c or in any other suitable manner as will readily be understood by
any competent mechanic.
The lower part of the still a' for bodies of highly refractory character is formed
substantially as shewn in the foregoing figures with a dome with a channel a³.
The steam pipe b takes its bearing at b* in a support on the inside of the raised
part of the still bottom and the pipes b² 62 63 64 and the arms or frames & d³ d³ d'
which support them are carried thereby and are caused to pass over the bottom a¹
and lower sides of the still a and in their revolution stir up the matters the upper
part d'of these frames breaking up and preventing frothing and the boiling over of
the contents which is apt to result therefrom whilst the lower portion prevents
coking resulting from stagnation of portions of the denser matter, aided by the jets
of steam which issue in a number of streams from the branch pipes b' 62 63 64 which
are arranged so as to deliver the steam at an angle behind the pipes as they
revolve and so as to cut in below the matters stirred and maintain their dis-
connection from the still-The middle arms d' also aid in the stirring. d is a
grooved or recessed plate in two parts connected at d by flanges and bolts for
supporting and connecting the pipes b¹, d¹, et cetera to the axis 6 (see Figure 4)..
Figures 5 and 6 shew a modification particularly adapted for use in the case of
stills or, vessels to be employed for the distillation of resin and resinous bodies or
substances not charged with so high a proportion of carbonaceous matters.
I can employ the form of still having its still bottom with the dome a¹ projecting
outwards or convex as is generally practised and I adapt the shape of the bottom
stirrers d d d d and bars a steam distributing pipes 61 62 63 64 and surface
stirrers d accordingly. The central pipe b and its subsidiaries 6¹ et cetera afford
means for injecting hot oil or vapor of oil either alone or mixed with steam as
required.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I do
not claim all the parts described separately but what I do clain is
The method of and combination or arrangement of parts of apparatus for;
effecting the distillation of coal tar and other hydro carbon substances having a
mechanically revolving stirrer to prevent boiling over and avoid coking with the
aid of jets of steam supplied by branches, all substantially as and for the purposes.
set forth.
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