Improvements in Apparatus for Heating and Purifying Water.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Dec., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 16th Sept., 1896-Accepted, 21st Nov., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Heating and Purifying Water.
LOUIS AUGUSTE CHEVALET of Troyes in the Department of Aube, France,
Engineer, and WILLIAM BOBY of 16 Union Court, Old Broad Street, London
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention consists of improvements in the class of apparatus for heating and
purifying calcareous water in which the mineral impurities contained in the water
are deposited principally by means of boiling the water by the introduction of
steam which is blown into & through the water, the steam being partially condensed
by its contact with the water as referred to in the Specification of Louis Auguste
Chevalet No. 8271 of 1889.
The apparatus consists essentially of a tank or vessel of any suitable form,
having one or more shallow vessels which are hereinafter called sections superposed
upon it, & upon each other.
Steam (or hot air or gases) is admitted to the lowest vessel or tank, and rises by
a tubular inlet or inlets in the bottom of the first superposed section into the
interior of a cap placed over the mouth of each tubular inlet, the lower edge of
the cap (which is serrated) dipping some distance below the level of the top of the
tubular inlet. Preferably these steam inlets and their caps are made of a moderate
diameter and as many in number in each section as practicable. Preferably the
caps are supported by 3 legs of wrought iron rivetted to each of them, or
the legs may be of any other suitable number and they may be cast or otherwise
suitably fixed to the caps, these legs rest upon the bottom of the section and are
guided into position and prevented from accidentally becoming displaced by a ring,
boss or other projection for each cap, which ring or boss is of a diameter slightly
less than that of the cap, and is rivetted or cast upon or otherwise suitably fixed to
the bottom of the section in such a position that it surrounds the steam inlet to the
section, the centre of the inlet being also the centre of the ring or boss, the legs of the
cap are set down outside the periphery of the ring or boss causing the cap to surround
the inlet so that the centres of the cap and of the inlet coincide. Means are
provided by which water can overflow from one section to another or from a section
into the bottom vessel, which overflow maintains the level of the water to be
heated and purified, at a certain height above the serrated edges of the caps above
described. The steam blows its way under the edges of the caps, passing through
the water, creating disturbance of and boiling the water, some of the steam being
condensed in the process. This process is repeated in all the vessels which may be
superposed above the first one, and the residue of steam passes off by an outlet at
the top of the apparatus, which top is closed by a suitable cover. When the
sections are constructed as above described containing only steam inlets provided
with caps, and water outlets, 5 sections are preferably employed as a minimum
each of which may contain any suitable number of steam inlets and water outlets,
and the number of sections may be increased beyond the preferred minimum of
five. The overflows from one section to another may be constructed in any suitable
manner, preferably by means of a tube or tubes which may be of circular or of any
other suitable cross section, passed through a suitable hole or holes in the bottom
of each section, each tube being of sufficient length to reach some distance below
the water level of the section beneath it, or of the bottom vessel as the case may
be. Each tube and the surface of the section near it will rapidly become coated

page_text: with scale, and for the purpose of offering considerable surface for the deposit of
scale more than one tube is provided in each section, and for the sake of facility
of cleaning each tube is made easily removeable. Each tube is provided with a
collar fixed at a suitable distance from its ends, this collar rests upon the bottom
of the section, and causes the upper part of the tube to project to the desired
distance above the bottom of the section, and similarly causes the lower part of
the tube to dip the desired distance into the section or reservoir beneath. An
outer tube may be constructed rivetted or otherwise fixed firmly and watertight to
the bottom of the section or cast in one piece with it, around the hole through
which the outlet tube passes, and the outlet tube proper may be flanged or have a
projecting ring at one of its ends so that when put in place by passing it through
the outer tube, it rests with its projecting rim upon the upper end of the outer
tube. The outlet tube proper being liable to be quickly covered with scale
deposited by the water, which scale will form more rapidly at its upper than at its
lower end, the upper opening of the tube is made of considerably larger diameter
than the lower opening, which tapered shape gives greater room for the accumu-
lation of scale at or near the upper end of the tube before the rate of flow of water
from the tube is seriously reduced, it also greatly facilitates the operations of
cleaning and of removing and replacing the tube.
The construction of the sections may be modified by dividing them by means of
partitions, each of which is of such a height that water flowing over it will be
maintained at a level rather higher than that of the serrated edges of the above
described caps over the steam inlets, (as fully described in respect of the tubular
outlets) the edges of the partitions over which the water flows may be serrated.
One or more of these partitions may be placed in any or all of the sections and
when this method is employed the water to be heated and purified flows first into
one of the portious of one of the sections which is bounded on one or more of its
sides by the said partition, and after it has been acted upon as above described by
the steam, it flows over the edge of the partition into another division of the
section, which division may be bounded by another similar partition, or may be
provided with a tubular outlet as above described, any section may be divided into
apy suitable number of divisions, by additional partitions..
The water level in the first division of a section thus constructed is higher than
that in the second, that in the second greater than that in the third, and so on, the
water by this means is very actively disturbed and brought into contact with the
steam. When this system of construction is employed the number of sections may
be less than five, and the total height of the heater reduced.
When exhaust steam from engines is employed in our apparatus for heating the
water, any oil or greasy matter which may be contained in the steam is first
partially extracted by means of a scourer consisting of a box placed in the steam
inlet pipe, in which box or chamber is fitted a diaphragm against which the steam
strikes before it can enter the apparatus as described in Louis Auguste Chevalet's
Specification No. 8271 of. A.D. 1889 above referred to, and any slight amount of
oil or greasy matter which may then remain in the steam which enters the apparatus
and is condensed, sticks to or mixes with the calcareous matters as they become
insoluble from the boiling of the water, and is deposited with them in the apparatus.
An improvement on the above described scourer is that the diaphragm, may have
its.edge curved so. as more effectually to catch the water, and there may be more
than one diaphragm in the box or chamber. The scourer may be made with its
diaphragm or diaphragms placed horizontally the steam entering on the top and
issuing, underneath it or them, in this arrangement they may be dished towards the
centre and a drain arranged to take the water from a hole pierced at the centre of
each diaphragm.
The box or chamber containing the diaphragm or diaphragms may be formed
in sections for convenience of construction and of access.
It may sometimes be found desirable to send a larger quantity of steam through
the heater than is necessary for heating purposes, and if an excessive quantity

page_text: should pass it might carry water with it, a chamber may be provided formed in the
outlet pipe above the heater and provided with a suitable diaphragm smaller than
the internal size of the chamber and against which the steam will strike and the
water will be separated from the steam and fall to the bottom of the chamber
where it will be conducted by a pipe or suitable opening back into the heater or
elsewhere if desired.
The whole of the exhaust steam from an engine is not required for the purpose
of heating the feed water for that engine alone and it is frequently desirable to
send only a portion of the exhaust steam into and through the heater, as this
desired quantity, may #ary in amount if the load on the engine is varied or from
any other cause, a special form of valve may be provided for automatically
regulating the amounts of the steam which shall pass to the atmosphere direct, and
to the heater respectively. For this purpose a casing or chamber is constructed to
be inserted into the exhaust pipe at any convenient point further from the engine
than the branch which is connected to the heater, in this chamber is a light valve
which may be somewhat like an ordinary "butterfly" valve, but with its spindle
on one side of the central axis of the valve, or it may be in the form of a hinged
flap valve or any other convenient form shaped so that the force of the flow of the
steam through the exhaust pipe tends to open the valve, a suitable amount of
resistance to the opening of the valve may be applied by means of a weight hung-
upon a lever attached to the spindle of the valve or a spring may be similarly
applied, the resistance may be varied as desired by adjusting the weight or the
spring. Or the valve may be made of the equilibrium type, and its opening and
closing may be controlled by means of a piston and cylinder, or a chamber with a
flexible diaphragm, so arranged that when no more steam shall be passing thau is
required by the heater, the valve will remain closed but should more steam be
introduced the valve will be opened in proportion to the pressure and quantity of
the excess steam. A cataract or any other suitable device may be employed.
for steadying and regulating the action of the valve.
-
For regulating the flow of the inlet water to the apparatus a ball or float valve
may be employed, the float being contained in a small cistern attached to the side
of the bottom vessel of the apparatus by such means that both water and steam (or
other heated medium) shall have free access to the small cistern in question so that
the water level in both receptacles will remain the same, by this form of
construction the float is easily accessible. An overflow or waste pipe is provided.
to the bottom vessel of the apparatus and this overflow may be provided with a
valve placed inside the said vessel and fitted with a float which opens the valve
when the water reaches a certain level, the valve remaining shut when the water is
below that level, a door may be provided in the side of the vessel for facility of
access to this valve, and the valve may be fixed to this door, or the overflow may
be provided with a pipe on the outside of the said vessel, the end of the said pipe
being surrounded by a vessel which is filled with water so as to form a water seat,
which water seal also forms an indicator, as the water would be blown out of it
should the steam pressure in the apparatus from any cause rise unduly.
Referring to the scourer for removing grease from exhaust steam as describeft
above, the outlet pipe which drains water from it may be provided with a water
seal as above described for the purpose of preventing or impeding the issue of
steam from: the scourer, and similarly capable of forming an indicator as above
described.
The bottom vessel of the apparatus may be provided with an internal vessel or
vessels into which the water will flow after its passage through the sections and
from which it will overflow into the vessel itself on its way to the outlet.
In cases where carbonate of soda or any other chemical is added to the water to be
purified, a solution of soda or other desired chemical may be employed, and
delivered into the inlet at the top of the apparatus by means of a small pump or
pumps actuated by the feed pump or pumps and the amount of such solution will
then be in exact proportion to the quantity of water which is fed to the boilers.

page_text: The said solution may be contained in a tank the contents of which bear a known
proportion to the capacity of the said small pump or pumps, and in connection with
the tank an indicator may be employed upon the index of which are marked figures
indicating the quantity of chemical required to be added at the time when the tank
is refilled, the attendant may then at a stated time examine the index and put into
the tank the quantity of chemical which the pointer indicates and then fill up the
tank with water.
Dated this Nineteenth day of December 1895.
щрготощению и пррагачи 10г пбаыць ад rurnying
LOUIS AUGUSTE CHEVALET of Troyes in the Department of Aube, France,
Engineer, and WILLIAM BOBY of 16 Union Court, Old Broad Street, London,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
This invention consists of improvements in the class of apparatus for heating and
purifying calcareous water in which the mineral impurities contained in the water
are deposited principally by means of boiling the water by the introduction of
steam which is blown into and through the water, the steam being partially
condensed by its contact with the water as referred to in the Patent of Louis
Auguste Chevalet No. 8271 of 1889.
The apparatus consists essentially of a tank or vessel of any suitable form, having
one or more shallow vessels which are hereinafter called sections superposed upon
it, and upon each other.
Steam (or hot air or gases) is admitted to the lowest vessel or tank, and rises by
a tubular inlet or inlets in the bottom of the first superposed section into the
interior of a cap placed over the mouth of each tubular inlet, the lower edge of the
cap (which is serrated) dipping some distance below the level of the top of
the tubular inlet.
-
Preferably these steam inlets and their caps are made of a moderate diameter
and as many in number in each section as practicable. Preferably the caps are
supported by 3 legs of wrought iron rivetted to each of them, or the legs may be of
any other suitable number and they may be cast or otherwise suitably fixed to the
caps, these legs rest upon the bottom of the section and are guided into position and
prevented from accidentally becoming displaced by a ring, boss or other projection
for each cap, which ring or boss is of a diameter slightly less than that of cap, and
is rivetted or cast upon or otherwise suitably fixed to the bottom of the section in
such a position that it surrounds the steam inlet to the section, the centre of the
inlet being also the centre of the ring or boss, the legs of the cap are set down
outside the periphery of the ring or boss causing the cap to surround the inlet so
that the centres of the cap and of the inlet coincide. Means are provided by
which water can overflow from one section to another or from a section into the
bottom vessel, which overflow inaintains the level of the water to be heated and
purified, at a certain height above the serrated edges of the caps above described.
The steam blows its way under the edges of the caps, passing through the water
creating disturbance of and boiling the water, some of the steam being condensed
in the process. This process is repeated in all the vessels which may be superposed
above the first one, and the residue of steam passes off by an outlet at the top of
the apparatus, which top is closed by a suitable cover. When the sections are
constructed as above described containing only steam inlets provided with caps, and

page_text: water outlets, five sections are preferably employed as a minimum, each of which
may contain any suitable number of steam inlets and water outlets, and the uumber
of sections may be increased beyond the preferred minimum of five. The overflows
from one section to another may be constructed in any suitable manner, preferably
by means of a tube or tubes which may be of circular or of any other suitable cross
section, passed through a suitable hole or holes in the bottom of each section, each
tube being of sufficient length to reach some distance below the water level of the
section beneath it, or of the bottom vessel as the case may be. Each tube and the
surface of the section near it will rapidly become coated with scale, and for
the purpose of offering considerable surface for the deposit of scale more than one
tube is provided in each sec.ion, and for the sake of facility of cleaning each tube
is made easily removeable. Each tube is provided with a collar fixed at a suitable
distance from its ends, this collar rests upon the bottom of the section, and causes
the upper part of the tube to project to the desired distance above the bottom of
the section, and similarly causes the lower part of the tube to dip the desired
distance into the section or reservoir beneath. An outer tube may be constructed
rivetted or otherwise fixed firmly and watertight to the bottom of the section or
cast in one piece with it, around the hole through which the outlet tube passes, and
the outlet tube proper may be flanged or have a projecting ring at one of its ends
so that when put in place by passing it through the outer tube, it rests with its
projecting rim upon the upper end of the outer tube. The outlet tube proper
being liable to be quickly covered with scale deposited by the water, which scale
will form more rapidly at its upper than at its lower end, the upper opening of the
tube is made of considerably larger diameter than the lower opening, which
tapered shape gives greater room for the accumulation of scale at or near the upper
end of the tube before the rate of flow of water from the tube is seriously reduced,
it also greatly facilitates the operations of cleaning and of removing and replacing
the tube.
The construction of the sections may be modified by dividing them by means of
partitions, each of which is of such a height that water flowing over it will be
maintained at a level rather higher than that of the serrated edges of the above
described caps over the steam inlets, (as fully described in respect of the tubular
outlets) the edges of the partitions over which the water flows may be serrated.
One or more of these partitions may be placed in any or all of the sections and
when this method is employed the water to be heated and purified flows first into
one of the portions of one of the sections which is bounded on one or more of its
sides by the said partition, and after it has been acted upon as above described by
the steam, it flows over the edge of the partition into another division of the
section, which division may be bounded by another similar partition, or may be
provided with a tubular outlet as above described, any section may be divided
into any suitable number of divisions, by additional partitions. The water level
in the first division of a section thus constructed is higher than that in the second,
that in the second greater than that in the third, and so on, the water by this
means is very actively disturbed and brought into contact with the steam. When
this system of construction is employed the number of sections may be less than five,
and the total height of the heater reduced.
When exhaust steam from engines is employed in our apparatus for heating the
water, any oil or greasy matter which may be contained in the steam is first
partially extracted by means of a scourer consisting of a box placed in the steam
inlet pipe, in which box or chamber is fitted a diaphragm against which the steam
strikes before it cau enter the apparatus as described in Louis Auguste Chevalet's
Patent No. 8271 of 1889 above referred to, and any slight amount of oil or greasy
matter which may then remain in the steam which enters the apparatus and is
condensed, sticks to or mixes with the calcareous matters as they become insoluble
from the boiling of the water, and is deposited with them in the apparatus. An
improvement on the above described scourer is that the diaphragm may have its

page_text: edge curved so as more effectually to catch the water, and there may be more
than one diaphragm in the box or chamber. The scourer may be made with its
diaphragm or diaphragms placed horizontally the steam entering on the top and
issuing underneath it or them, in this arrangement they may be dished towards
the centre and a drain arranged to take the water from a hole pierced at the
centre of each diaphragm. The box or chamber containing the diaphragm or
diaphragms may be formed in sections for convenience of construction and of
access.
It may sametimes be found desirable to send a larger quantity of steam through
the heater than is necessary for heating purposes, and if an excessive quantity
should pass it might carry water with it, a chamber may be provided formed in
the outlet pipe above the heater and provided with a suitable diaphragm smaller
than the internal size of the chamber and against which the steam will strike and
the water will be separated from the steam and fall to the bottom of the chamber
where it will be conducted by a pipe or suitable opening back into the heater or
elsewhere if desired.
The whole of the exhaust steam from an engine is not required for the purpose
of heating the feed water for that engine alone and it is frequently desirable to
send only a portion of the exhaust steam into and through the heater, as this
desired quantity may vary in amount if the load on the engine is varied or from
any other cause, a special form of valve may be provided for automatically
regulating the amounts of the steam which shall pass to the atmosphere direct,
and to the heater respectively. For this purpose a casing or chamber is con-
structed to be inserted into the exhaust pipe at any convenient point further from
the engine than the branch which is connected to the heater, in this chamber is a
light valve which may be somewhat like an ordinary "butterfly" valve, but with
its spindle on one side of the central axis of the valve, or it may be in the form
of a hinged flap valve or any other convenient form shaped so that the force of
the flow of the steam through the exhaust pipe tends to open the valve, a suitable
amount of resistance to the opening of the valve may be applied by means of a
weight hung upon a lever attached to the spindle of the valve or a spring may be
similarly applied, the resistance may be varied as desired by adjusting the weight
of the spring. Or the valve may be made of the equilibrium type, and its opening
and closing may be controlled by means of a piston and cylinder, or a chamber
with a flexible diaphragm, so arranged that when no more steam shall be passing
than is required by the beater, the valve will remain closed but should more steam
be introduced the valve will be opened in proportion to the pressure and quantity
of the excess steam. A cataract or any other suitable device may be employed
for steadying and regulating the action of the valve.
For regulating the flow of the inlet water to the apparatus a ball or float valve
may be employed, the float being contained in a small cistern attached to the side
of the bottom vessel of the apparatus by such means that both water and steam
(or other heated medium) shall have free access to the small cistern in question
so that the water level in both receptacles will remain the same, by this form of
construction the float is easily accessible. An overflow or waste pipe is provided
to the bottom vessel of the apparatus and this overflow may be provided with a
valve placed inside the said vessel and fitted with a float which opens the valve
when the water reaches a certain level, the valve remaining shut when the water
is below that level, a door may be provided in the side of the vessel for facility of
access to this valve, and the valve may be fixed to this door, or the overflow may
be provided with a pipe on the outside of the said vessel, the end of the said pipe
being surrounded by a vessel which is filled with water so as to form a water seal,
which water seal also forms an indicator, as the water would be blown out of it
should the steam pressure in the apparatus from any cause rise unduly.
Referring to the scourer for removing grease from exhaust steam as described
above, the outlet pipe which drains water from it may be provided with a water

page_text: seal as above described for the purpose of preventing or impeting the issue of
steam from the scourer, and similarly capable of forming an indicator as above
described.
The bottom vessel of the apparatus may be provided with an internal vessel or
vessels into which the water will flow after its passage through the sections and
from which it will overflow into the vessel itself on its way to the outlet.
In cases where carbonate of soda or any other chemical is added to the water
to be purified, a solution of soda or other desired chemical may be employed, and
delivered into the inlet at the top of the apparatus by means of a small pump or
pumps actuated by the feed pump or pumps and the amount of such solution will
then be in exact proportion to the quantity of water which is fed to the boilers..
The said solution may be contained in a tank the contents of which bear a known
proportion to the capacity of the said small pump or pumps, and in connection
with the tank an indicator may be employed upon the index of which are marked
figures indicating the quantity of chemical required to be added at the time when
the tank is refilled, the attendant may then at a stated time examine the index and
put into the tank the quantity of chemical which the pointer indicated and then fill
up the tank with water.
In the accompanying drawings, Fig. 1 Sheet 1, is a view partly in section of a
heating & purifying apparatus, in which A is a tank upon which and upon each
other are superposed the six sections B B1 B2 B3 B4 B 5, and upon B5 is.
placed the cover B 6. Steam is admitted to the interior of A through the inlet C,
and rises through the tubular inlets D to the inside of the caps E each cap being
supported by the legs F which legs are guided and retained in position by the
rings G cast onto or otherwise attached to the bottom of each section, these rings
being arranged concentrically around the inlets D so that centres of D and of E.
coincide.
The sections are shewn filled with water up to the level of the tops of the
tapered overflow pipes H, and the parallel overflow pipe H1 the height of
the water being such that the serrated edges of E dip into it, the water is.
admitted to the apparatus through the valve, funnel, and pipe N & O, the residue
of steam which escapes from the apparatus after it has done the work of
blowing under the edges of E in all the sections passes off at the opening J in
the cover B 6. In the drawing 3 conical overflow pipes H are shewn in each of
the sections except the bottom one, in which one overflow pipe of parallel
form H1 is shewn, each of these tubes is provided with a collar K fixed in such
a position that the two ends of the tube are caused to assume their desired relative
positions and the tubes pass through holes in the bottoms of the sections and the
conical form of H enables them to be easily removed for the purpose of cleaning
even though they and the parts adjacent to them may be thickly covered with
scale, it also facilitates the operation of cleaning and of replacing them. The
tubes may be constructed as shewn at Fig. 4 the boss or tube L being cast or
otherwise attached to the bottom of the section and the conical tube H 2 being
flanged at its upper end the flange resting upon the upper surface of L and
supporting H 2 in the required position. A modified construction of the sections
is shewn at Figs. 5 and 6 where M M1 M2 M3 M4 are partitions each of which
is of such a height that the water which enters at valve P funnel N and pipe O
flows over partition M then over M 1 which is at a lower level than M similarly
over M 2 and M3 and escapes to A through H 1. The water is maintained at
such a height that the edges of E dip into it as shewn and described in Fig. 1.
There may be any desired number of the steam inlets D, and caps E within the
area bounded by each pair of partitions, the edges of the partitions may be smooth
as shewn or may be serrated like the edges of the caps E and there may be any
desired number of partitions. Qis a scourer placed in the inlet pipe Chaving a
diaphragm R with its edges turned at S so as to more effectually catch the greasy
water of condensation from exhaust steam the scourer may have one diaphragm
as at Fig. 1, or 2 as at Fig. 9, or more, or it may be made of vertical form as at

page_text: Figs. 7 and 8, the inlets are furnished with projections T to cause the steam to
strike more directly against the diaphragms R. In Fig. 7 a central tube U is
shewn for draining the upper diaphragm R, which diaphragm may be dished
towards its centre to cause the water to flow more freely to the drain pipe U.
Fig. 14 Sheet 4 shews a chamber V formed in the outlet pipe W above the heater
provided with a diaphragma and a tube Y for conducting any water blown over
with the escaping steam back to the funnel N and thence to the interior of the
apparatus by the pipe O. Fig. 12 Sheet 3 shows an automatic valve having a
casing Z fitted with a valve a connected to a spindle b by a lever c having an adjusting
and guiding clip and screw da hinge e lever f counterweight a swinging rod h and
removeable weights i, the exhaust (or other steam) entering at j lifts the valve a
the pressure required to lift it being adjusted by means of the weights i more or
less of which can be placed upon . The casing Z is provided with a door k giving
access to the valve.
In place of the weights a cataract a spring a chamber with a flexible
diaphragm an air piston and cylinder or other suitable means may be employed
for regulating the pressure at which the valve a will be opened and steadying the
action of the valve. At Figs. 1 and 5 a float is shewn for regulating the flow
of the inlet water by means of an ordinary equilibrium or other suitable float-valve
at P in Fig. 1 the ball is contained in a small cistern in connected to the water
in A by the pipe n and to the steam in A by the pipe p. At Fig. 15 Sheet 4 is
shewn an overflow pipe q provided with a valve r fitted with a floats which opens
the valve when the water rises to a desired level a door t is provided for giving
access to the pipe q valve r and float s. At the outer end of the pipe 9 may be
attached a water seal as shewn at Figs. 10 & 11 of Sheet 2 in which V is a tube
to be attached to q, w an outer tube which is filled with water and prevents the
escape of steam from the interior of A unless the pressure of steam should rise
unduly and beyond what is necessary to blow through the depth of water contained
The same kind of water seal may be applied to the drain pipe x which is
attached to the scourer Q. At Fig. 1 is shewn an internal vessel z into which
the water flows from H 1 and from which it overflows into A.
in 20.
Fig. 13 shews a small pump 2, actuated by a duplex direct acting pump by
means of the connections 3 and 4 from a portion of the valve gear of the duplex
pump. The small pump consists of a plunger 5 and valve box 6, and is connected
to a suction pipe 7 and delivery pipe 8, by means of which it takes soda solution
from a suitable tank, and delivers it into the water which flows to the heater, the
delivery being preferably made into the funnel N Fig. 1.
When a rotative feed pump is employed the small soda-pump is actuated in some
instances by a pin fixed in one of the reciprocating parts of the pump gear or by
means of a crank pin or eccentric fixed to the revolving shaft of the pump, no
drawing is needed to explain these methods of actuating the soda pump. Fig. 16
shews an indicator consisting of a vernier or pointer 9, attached to a float 10 and
provided with an indicator board 11 upon which are divisions marked with pounds
avoirdupois. The float 10 rests upon the soda solution in the tank shewn and the
vernier by its position on the indicator board indicates the height of the solution
in the tank and the attendant can see at a glance the weight of soda which requires
at any time to be added after putting in this weight of soda he fills the tank with
water and thus the strength of the solution will remain constant.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is :-
:-
In an apparatus for heating and purifying water, substantially as herein
described ;-
1. The employment of more than one steam inlet and cap in each section
substantially as herein described and for the purposes specified.
2. The employment of a ring, boss, or other projection surrounding the steam

page_text: inlets to the sections, substantially as herein described and for the purposes
specified.
3. The employment of more than one overflow tube or outlet to each section,
substantially as herein described and for the purposes set forth.
4. The employment of overflow tubes easily removeable as herein described.
5. The employment of a tapered or conical form for the overflow tubes to the
sections, and the construction of collars or flanges upon them, substantially as herein
described and for the purposes set forth.
6. The employment of a section or of sections divided by means of partitions.
substantially as described, and for the purposes set forth.
7. The employment of a float-valve attached to an overflow pipe substantially
as herein described and specified.
8. The employment in combination with an apparatus of the kind referred to, of
an automatic valve for regulating the quantity of steam admitted to the apparatus
substantially as herein described and for the purposes set forth.
9. The employment of a chamber and diaphragm in the steam outlet pipe
substantially as herein described and for the purposes set forth.
10. The employment in combination with an apparatus of the kind referred to
above of a small pump, or of small pumps, constructed and actuated in the manner
described and for the purposes set forth.
Dated this Sixteenth day of September 1896.
.
LOUIS AUGUSTE CHEVALET.
WILLIAM BOBY.