Apparatus for Deodorizing Fats and Oils.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Mar., 1895-Accepted, 4th May, 1895
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Apparatus for Deodorizing Fats and Oils.
I, JOHN HARRY FILBERT, of No. 1048 Pennsylvania Avenue, in the City of
Baltimore, State of Maryland, United States of America, Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :—
This invention relates to certain improvements in apparatus for deodorizing fats
and oils. The object of this apparatus is to eliminate from fats and oils those gases
held in suspension which produce objectionable odors.
The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing, in which,—
Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section of the apparatus.
Figure 2 is a view showing a cross-section of one part of the apparatus and a
side view of another part.
Figure 3 is a perspective view of the shaft and revoluble blades in the
stand pipe.
The letter, A, desiguates an inside tank or cylinder, B a similarly shaped outside
or enclosing tank, and, C, a water space between the two tanks. These tanks are
made of suitable metal plates properly riveted together, with a circular head,.d,
at each end of the inner tank, and a circular head, d', at each end of the outer
tank.
A longitudinal shaft, E, extends through the center of the inside tank; one end
of this shaft has a bearing, f, secured on the inner side of one head, d, of the inner
tank, and the other end passes through a bearing, f', which is fitted in the space
between the two heads, d, d¹; this end of the shaft turns in a stuffing-box, g,
attached to the bearing, and on the projecting end is a pulley, h, over which a
driving belt may be placed to impart motion to the shaft.
Three separate paddle wheels, I, in the present instance, are mounted on this
shaft within the inner tank; each of these wheels comprises radial arms made in
pairs two arms j, j', which overlap each other and at the same time clamp the
shaft, E, the two lapped arms being secured together by bolts, k, and made fast to
the shaft by a set-screw, k. In Figure 1 it will be seen that blades. or paddles, ?,
extending parallel with the shaft, E, are secured to two of these radial armis, each
wheel thus has four paddles, l. The two sets of radial arms have position in a
direction crosswise of each other, and the arms running one way, which carry the
paddles, l, are shorter than the other arms running the transverse way. The
paddles may have holes, l', or not. Three wheels thus constructed are mounted on
the shaft, E, and the wheels are placed so that the position of the paddles, 1, of one
wheel shall not be in the same plane as those of an adjoining wheel; this arrange-
ment serves to stir and agitate the oil thoroughly and at the same time requires
less power to operate the shaft. Of course the paddles and arms may have a
construction varied from that shown.
A water-supply pipe, m, is attached to the lower side or bottom of the outer
tank, B, and delivers heated water to the space, C, between the two tanks, and a
draw-off or waste water pipe, n, is attached to the upper or top side of the outer
tank. Each pipe has a valve, m', n', respectively. By this means a supply of
water, warmed or heated to any desired temperature, may be maintained within the
space or water-jacket, C, and thus the oil contents of the inner tank, A, may be
kept in the desired condition of fluidity while under treatment.

page_text: A supply pipe, O, passes through the plates of both tanks and a block, o, in the
space, C, and this supply pipe serves for charging the inner tank with fats and
oils to be treated; any suitable device, o', may be employed to close the
supply pipe.
The tanks have on the exterior an inclined neck or tubulure, P, provided with
a base-block, P¹, which fits into and fills the space, C; this inclined hollow neck is
on top and near one end of the tank and the inclination is such as to point downward
and also toward the other end of the tank. A pipe, p³, is attached to this inclined
neck and is provided with a valve, p³. This pipe and neck communicate from a
suitable source of air-supply, such as a rotary blower or air-pump (not shown)
and deliver a moderate air-blast into the inner tank.
An outlet for the escape of this air and the gases eliminated from the fats and
oils, comprises a stand-pipe, R, fitted to the tanks and opening through a block, r,
in the space, C, into the inner tank. Exteriorly this stand-pipe, or air-outlet, R,
has around it a steam-coil, S, provided with valves, s', s, to regulate the supply
and discharge of steam; this heater coil serves to maintain any desired degree of
warmth or heat in the stand-pipe, for a purpose to be mentioned shortly.
A vertical shaft, t, is suitably mounted in the pipe, R, and is provided with a
number of small twisted blades, u. These numerous twisted blades,-of which the
drawing shows six, though in practice I prefer to use a larger number, say ten,-
all revolving in the upward passage through the pipe, serve two purposes: first,
they operate to stop or check the spray and small particles of oil and fat that
would otherwise pass out with the escaping air, and, second, they serve to scrape
or remove from the inner wall of the stand-pipe the fatty spray which finds
lodgment thereon. The best results both for stopping the spray of fat and oil
and for scraping this pipe and freeing it of the spray which is constantly lodging
on its walls, are obtained by having these twisted blades in pairs-one blade
diametrically opposite the other-and mounting the several pairs one above
another on the shaft, t, so that the two blades of one pair will project in a direction
transversely to that of the two blades of the next adjoining pair. This relative
position of the blades in the pipe allows of upward spaces, or upward passages,
for the air to escape, and yet presents cross barriers in said passages on which the
spray of oil and fat will lodge. As the steam-coil, S, around the stand-pipe will
keep the latter, and also the shaft and blades, warm, the lodgment of fatty spray
referred to will be continually dropping off and down into the mass of fat and oil in
the tank.
A pulley, t, on the upper end of the shaft serves for a driving belt to cause the
shaft and blades to revolve.
In the bottom of the tank are two openings and discharge nozzles, v, w,
each
opening is through a block, v¹, w¹, respectively, in the space, C. A suitable
valve, x, is on each nozzle; these serve to draw off the oil after it has been
treated.
A suitable man-hole is in the top of the tank and this hole is closed by a
cover, Y, of well-known form.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows:
The fats or oils to be treated are placed in the tank until it is about half full
only; the warin water jacket keeps the oil at the desired temperature best suited
for treatment; the shaft, E, and paddles, 7, rapidly revolving agitate and break up
the mass of oil and cause spray which fills the upper portion of the tank, now a
blast of air entering at the inclined neck, P, acting on the agitated oil aerates it
and also absorbs and takes up from the spray the liberated gases which were in
the oil; then this air, charged with the odors and gases, passes out at the stand-
pipe, R, while the revolving twisted blades, u, without hindering the escape of air,
prevent the fat spray from passing out, and also keep the stand-pipe scraped and
free from any accumulation of fat.
Oil thus treated will be free of odor.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what 1
claim is :
1. In an apparatus for treating fats and oils, the combination of two closed
tanks one within the other, and a water space between the two; a shaft in the
inner tank; separate paddle wheels on the shaft within the tank; a neck or
tubulure, P, for an air-blast and entering from the exterior into the inner tank; a
stand-pipe, R, for the escape of air from the inner tank; and revoluble blades in
said stand-pipe.
2. In an apparatus for treating fats and oils, the combination of two closed
tanks one within the other, and a water space between the two; an inlet for an
air-blast to enter the inner tank; a stand-pipe for the escape of air from the
inner tank; a steam-coil around the stand-pipe; and revoluble blades in said
stand-pipe.
Dated this 11th day of February 1895.
JOHN HARRY FILBERT.