Improvements relating to the Manufacture of Sheet-metal Ware.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 27th July, 1892
Complete Specification Left. 27th Apr.. 1893-Accepted 24th June, 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to the Manufacture of Sheet-metal Ware.
I, FRANZ CARL BELLINGER, of Fulda, in the Empire of Germany, Manu-
acturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to the manufacture of sheet-metal ware.
The scope of the well-known method of manufacturing vessels of sheet metal,
especially sheet iron, by means of drawing-presses is widened by my said invention,
inasmuch as the process of drawing is extended to vessels having double walls.
purpose
I use
The improved method consists in that the drawing takes place, not only to one
side or in one direction, but also rearwardly in the opposite direction to the first,
thereby enabling vessels with double walls to be produced. For this
a special stamping mould which will hereinafter be specified.
By way of example I will proceed to describe the several stages in the manu-
facture of vessels having double walls.
For making a vessel having double walls I first stamp a vessel having a single
wall from sheet metal in the well-known manner, and then deepen it in another
drawing-press stamp, the deepened part being made of a smaller diameter. This
operation is repeated as often as may be required, the diameter being reduced
each time.
So far the manufacture of the vessel has not heretofore presented special
difficulties. The novel feature of my invention consists however more especially in
the transformation of the vessel obtained in this manner into a vessel having double
walls. With this object I now deepen the bottom of the vessel, not in the same but
in the opposite direction, the diameter being further diminished. This deepening
in the reverse direction is continued, the diameters being at each successive stage
reduced so as to correspond roughly with the final forms to be obtained, which can
then be very easily produced.
The tool which I use for these operations is a hollow stamp mould, into which
the vessels drawn in the well-known manner are inserted and finally transformed
into vessels having double walls of various shapes. The shape of such vessels may
for instance be such that they can directly be used as boilers presenting an outer
ring about half way down and adapted for insertion in the rings of kitcheners.
These vessels may be provided with handles and made either cylindrical or conical.
Their two walls may have a space left between them or else may be pressed close
together. Another form of vessel has double walls extending over the entire length
of the vessel which can be used as a drinking or measuring cup. Other forms may
be produced without difficulty.
My method may be further applied to vessels the bottoms of which are to be
As an example of this kind
provided with double walls for the sake of stiffness.
may be mentioned a pail the lower rim of which is made in one piece with the
main body.
For manufacturing such a pail, a metal disc is converted in the well-known
manuer by drawing-presses into a cylinder or into a truncated hollow cone which
has thin walls and is open at the top. This hollow cone is reversed in the manner
hereinbefore described, put upon a suitable stamp, and the bottom is drawn in. By
means of suitable stamps the folded metal parts are pressed close together and
form the lower rim of the pail. Such a rim is very stiff, protects the bottom
as effectively as the usual hoops of band iron or sheet iron, and it cannot
separate.
In order to zine or tin such pails it is necessary that between the double walls

page_text: shall be left as little space as practicable, it is therefore important that the folded
parts should be pressed strongly pressed together.
If such vessels are to be enamelled, even a very strong pressure brought to hear
upon the folded parts would not be sufficient, as in the heating of the vessels for
the purpose of melting the enamel the folded parts cannot be prevented from
expanding unequally or separating from each other, and in the cooling contract
again more or less unequally. In this manner the enamel which cannot follow such
movements will scale off or receive fine cracks through which the metal underneath
is attacked and rapidly destroyed.
For obviating this defect it is necessary to mutually stiffen the two folded sheet
metal parts in such a manner that they will invariably move together. This is
effected at the point where the bottom joins the inner sheet metal part. Both parts
are at this point bent outwards, and the bottom is moreover drawn upwards over
the edge of this bend and powerfully pressed. By this means the said parts are
strongly held together at this point so that they cannot separate. The enamel
burnt in will not therefore scale off.
Another example of my invention is the manufacture of a sheet metal beer-
tankard. When the vessel has obtained the form which it may receive on the
well-known drawing-presses, the handle is riveted to the open wider part whereupon
the bottom part is drawn into the other part on special matrices, so that a tankard
is produced which has a double wall. By the insertion of a bottom piece in the
open wider part the space between the two walls can be closed.
Of course the mode of production may be applied to tankards for other purposes
and to vessels in general including those which have no handle to them.
Dated this 27th day of July 1892.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to the Manufacture of Sheet-metal Ware.
1, FRANZ CARL BELLINGER, of Fulda, in the Empire of Germany, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
My invention relates to the manufacture of sheet metal ware.
The scope of the well known method of manufacturing vessels of sheet metal,
especially sheet iron, by means of drawing or stamping presses is widened by my
said invention, inasmuch as the process of drawing or pressing is extended to vessels
having double walls.
The improved method consists in that the drawing takes place, not only to one
side or in one direction, but also rearwardly in the opposite direction to the first,
thereby enabling annular shaped vessels or vessels with double walls or circum-
ferences to be produced. For this purpose I use a special stamping mould which
will be hereinafter specified.
By way of example I will proceed to describe the several stages in the manu-
facture of vessels having double walls with reference to the accompanying drawing,
the figures of which are hereinafter referred to.
Figures 1 to 8 show the forms at the several stages in the manufacture of the
vessel illustrated in Figure 9, and representing a cake-mould.
72
For making such a vessel having double walls m and I first stamp a vessel of
the form shown in Figure 1 from sheet metal in the well-known manner, and then
deepen it according to Figure 2 in another drawing-press or stamp.
Figure 3 shows how the vessel is still further deepened, the deepened part being
made of a smaller diameter. In Figure 4 the deepening is carried still further the
diameter being reduced each time.

page_text: So far the manufacture of the vessel according to Figure 4 having a single wall
has not heretofore presented special difficulties. The novel feature of my invention
consists however more especially in the transformation of the vessel Figure 4
obtained in this manner into that represented in Figure 5. With this object I
now deepen the bottom of the vessel, not in the same but in the opposite direction,
the diameter being further diminished. Figures 6, 7 and 8 show the continuation
of this deepening in the reverse direction the diameters being at each successive
stage reduced so as to correspond roughly with the final forms to be obtained.
From the form of the vessel Figure 8 the form Figure 9 is then very easily
produced.
It
One of the tools which I use for these operations is indicated in Figure 11.
is a hollow stamp mould into which the vessels drawn in the well-known manner
for instance that represented in Figure 10, are inserted and finally transformed in
the manner illustrated in Figures 1 to 8 into vessels having double walls of various
shapes.
By the use of the stamping mould represented in Figure 11 the vessel Figure 10
is altered to the shape of the vessel shown in Figure 12 having double walls m n.
Such a vessel can for instance be immediately used in this form as a boiler or
boiling pot with a projecting lower part or well for insertion in the rings of
kitcheners. This vessel may be provided with handles Figure 13 and made conical,
Figure 14.
Its two walls may have a space left between them or they may be pressed close
together as in Figure 15. Another form is shown in Figure 16 in which double
walls extend over the entire depth of the vessel which can be used as a drinking
or measuring cup. Other forms may be produced without difficulty.
My method may be further applied to vessels the bottoms of which are to be
provided with double walls for the sake of stiffness. Figure 17 shows as an
example, a pail the lower rim of which is made in one piece with the main body.
Figure 18 shows to a larger scale the mode of arranging the sheet metal for
forming the foot or lower rim. Figure 19 is a modification. Figures 20 to 23
show the manufacture of the foot or lower rim.
For manufacturing such a pail, a metal disc is converted in the well-known manner
by drawing-presses into a cylinder or into a truncated hollow cone which has thin
walls and is open at the top, Figure 20. This hollow cone is reversed in the
manner hereinbefore described, put upon a suitable stamp Figure 21, and the
bottom is shaped as shown in Figure 22. By means of suitable stamps the folded
metal parts m and n are pressed close together so that the vessel assumes the shape
represented in Figure 23 in which the said sheet metal parts m and n form the foot
or lower rim of the pail. Such a rim is very stiff, protects the bottom as effectively
as the usual hoops of iron or sheet iron and cannot be separated.
In order to zinc or tin such pails it is necessary that between the double walls m
and n shall be left as little space as practicable, it is therefore important that the
folded parts m and n should be pressed strongly together.
If such vessels are to be enamelled, even a very strong pressure brought to bear
upon the folded parts m and n would not be sufficient, as in the heating of the
vessels for the purpose of melting the enamel the said parts m and n could not be
prevented from expanding unequally or separating from each other, and in the
cooling would contract more or less unequally. In this manner the enamel would
scale off or crack through which cracks the metal underneath would be attacked
and rapidly destroyed.
For obviating this defect it is necessary to mutually stiffen the two folded sheet
metal parts m and n in such a manner that they will invariably move together.
This is effected at the point o Figure 19, where the bottom joins the inner sheet
metal part ».
Both parts m and n are bent at p and extending outwards and the
bottom is moreover drawn upwards over the edge of this bend and powerfully
pressed. By this means the said parts are strongly held together at this point, so
that they cannot separate. The enamel burnt in will not therefore scale off.

page_text: Another example of the application of my invention consists in the manufacture
of a sheet metal beer tankard représented in Figure 28. The manufacture of a
tankard in a somewhat simpler form is shown in Figures 24 to 27 which is another
example of the invention. Figure 24 represents the vessel in the form which it
may receive on the well-known drawing-presses. After the handle has been riveted
to the open wider part a as shown in Figure 25, the bottom part 6 is drawn into the
part a on special matrices, so that a tankard is produced which has a double wall of
the form indicated in Figure 26. By the insertion of a bottom piece c as in
Figure 27 the space between the two walls can be closed.
This mode of production may of course be applied to tankards for other purposes
and to vessels in general including those which have no handles to them.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
First. The method of manufacturing sheet-metal vessels characterized by the
stamping of sheet metal by drawing presses to form vessels having a single wall,
and continuing the drawing or pressing in the opposite direction to form vessels
having double walls.
Second. For carrying the above described method into practice, the employment
of stamps provided with a recess and with a projecting edge substantially as
described with reference to Figures 11 to 21.
Third. In vessels or receptacles manufactured according to the method described
in the first claim the formation of feet or lower rims as described with reference to
Figures 17 to 19; the foot or rim consisting of two folded parts m n of sheet metal
pressed close together, and the mutual strengthening of which may be effected by
the formation of a knee p q as shown in Figure 19 at the bottom of the vessel.
Fourth. The improved tankards or other vessels in which the double walls are
formed in the manner illustrated in Figures 24 to 27.
Dated this 27th day of April 1893
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.