IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SIZING FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Macmillan Dunlop, of the City of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SIZING FIBROUS MATERIALS."
ealed the 7th December 1858, and dated the 7th June 185
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Macmillan Dunlop
at the Office of the Commissioners of l'atents, with his l'etition, on
the 7th June 1858.
I, JOHN MACMILLAN DUNLOP, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
be as
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SIZING FIBROUS MATERIALS," to
follows:-
I cover the top and bottom sizing rollers, or either of them, with india-
rubber or compound, made either Eard or elastic according to the purpose
for which they may be required.
To make these india-rubber coverings of straight and uniform surface and
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Macmillan Dunlop in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 7th December 1858.
I, JOHN
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
MACMILLAN DUNLOP, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, send greeting..

page_text: at any
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
John Macmillan Dunlop, Her special licence that I, the said John Macmillan
Dunlop, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or suclí others as I, the
said John Macmillan Dunlop, my executors,administrators, and assigns, should
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfullymight make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SIZING FIBROUS MATERIALS,"
upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said John Macmillan Dunlop, by an instru-
ment in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Macmillan Dunlop, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say):-
My said Invention consists in employing squeezing rollers in sizing
machines or dressing frames covered with vulcanized india-rubber, or any
compound thereof, with other materials either hard or elastic according to
the purpose for which they are desired.
In order to make the elastic india-rubber covers of the required size and
forui, and to make them straight and uniform in substance, they are vul-
canized in moulds and upon maundrils adapted for the purpose. Each of the
elastic india-rubber covers is enlarged or expanded so that the body of the
roller may enter therein, which cover is afterwards allowed to collapse and fit
tight upon the roller; the exterior or surface of the cover being afterwards
turned or ground perfectly true to the exact diameter and form required.
The hard vulcanized india-rubber covers are vulcanized upon the rollers
themselves placed in suitable moulds, the covered rollers being afterwards
turned or ground as required.
4.
These improvements will be clearly understood by reference to the accom-
panying Sheet of Drawings, with the figures and letters thereon.
Fig. 1 represents a squeezing roller used in sizing machines or dressing

page_text: frames covered with elastic india-rubber; Fig.2, an external view of thecover
before it is placed on the body of the roller; Fig. 3,alongitudinalsection of the.
same; Fig. 4, a longitudinal elevation of the mould and maundril in and on
which the cover is vulcanized; Fig. 5, a longitudinal section, and Fig. 6 a
transverse clevation of the same: Figs. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15,
are detached parts of an apparatus for expanding the ends of the elasticindia-
rubber covers; Figs. 16 and 17 are vertical sections, and Fig. 18 a plan of
the aforesaid apparatus complete; Figs. 19 and 20 are longitudinal elevations
of an apparatus or machine for expanding the middle of the elastic cover, and
forcing the roller into it; Fig. 21 represents another arrangement for expand-
ing the elastic india-rubber cover, which after being expanded is put upon
the roller; and Fig. 22, a longitudinal section of a mould employed when a
roller placed within it is to be covered with hard india-rubber.
My improved india-rubber covers are vulcanized in the moulds shewn
in Figs. 4, 5, and 6, each mould consisting of two or more parts a, the
joints of which are planed, fitted to each other, then bolted together,
and afterwards truly bored to the required external diameter of the india-
rubber cover, the internal diameter or bore being formed by the maun-
dril or core b, held concentric with the bored mould, by the bored and turned
rings or collars c, which are fitted on the maundril, and placed within the
mould to whatever length the india-rubber cover may be required. In order
to place the body of the roller within the cover I provide two rings Figs. 7
and S, each having an external screw, the internal bore of which fits and
passes over the exterior of the roller; these rings are afterwards placed in the
ends of the elasticindia-rubber cover by theapparatus shewn in Figs. 16,17,and
18. Upon any suitable plate or chuck a detached at Fig. 13, I place clamps or
stretchers e detached at Figs. 11 and 12, and furnished with screws and nutsso
that they maybe made to advance to the centre of the chuck and recede from it.
I also provide a cup or holder f, detached at Figs. 9 and 10, into which is
placed one of the externally screwed rings g, the holder f resting on the top of
a screw h, working in the nut in the centre of the chuck, the said screw
being turned either way as required by the handle or wheel. The chuck is
supported by legs or frames of any desired length, and fixed in any conve-
nient manner. The operation of expanding the ends of the india-rubber
cover, and placing within them the screwed rings is as follows:-The screw h,
holder f, and ring y, are placed in their lowest positions as seen in Fig. 10.
and the stretchers e moved towards the centre of the chuck by means of the
screws until their tops m can enter the cover n, which is then placed over
them, and rests upon the shoulders at n' of the stretchers; the latter are then

page_text: drawn outwards by means of the handles o fixed on the ends of the expanding
screws, so as to expand the end of the elastic india-rubber cover until it appears
as in Fig. 17, and is sufliciently large for the ring to enter. The holder and
ring are then raised by the screw until the ring passes into the interior of
the cover, and by still further turning the screw, and raising the holder and
ring, the top of the cup or holder forces the end of thevulcanizedindia-rubber
cover off the tops of the stretchers, and allows it to collapse tightly upon the
ring, a portion of which extends or protrudes beyond the end of the cover Bo
that it may be screwed into any chuck or nut for future operations. A ring
having thus been placed in each end of the india-rubber cover, I now remove
the cover with the two rings in it, to the machine or apparatus shewn in
Figs. 19 and 20; the projecting end of ono of the rings g being screwed into a
plate or frame p, and the other projecting end screwed into the box orcylinder
2; the india-rubber cover at each end being fastened to or lapped on the rings
by wires, cords, or clamps. At any required distance from theplatep, according
to the length of the roller, I place another frame 1, having a nuts, the two
frames p and being held apart either by other framework or by the rods t
which latter are supported at one end by the standard u. The mut s is fitted
with a screwe of the required length, the said screw being furuished with a
handle or wheel at one end, and resting at the other end in a guide or
support a, which slides upon the rods t. The box or cylinder q is fitted with
a pipe y, and also a tap . I now place the body of the roller as seen in
Fig. 19, allowing one end to rest upon the point of the screw, and the other
to pass through and rest within the ring g; I then force water by means of a
force pump, or by water under pressure through the pipe y into the interior of
the elastic india-rubber cover until it expands, as seen in Fig.20, sufficiently
large to admit the body of the roller. The supply of water is then cut off,
after which the screw is turned gradually, advancing the roller into the
elastic india-rubber cover, and the tap being opend simultaneously, allows
the water to escape as the roller advances.
In Fig. 21, I shew another arrangement for expanding the elastic india-
rubber cover for the purpose of admitting the roller; the said cover is supplied
with the screwed rings at each end as in the former case, and then placed in
an air-tight box or case a¹, maintained air-tight by a packing and nut
screwed at each end to the projecting ends of the rings. I then exhaust the
air from the case, the pressure of the atmosphere causing the cover to expand
and become sufficiently large for the body of the roller to enter. After the
roller is
put. within the india-rubber cover, air is admitted through the tape
and the cover collapses, and thereby tightly encircles the body of the roller.

page_text: The two screwed rings g are then withdrawn either by hand or by screw
cramps. Instead of expanding the elastic india-rubber cover by forcing
water into the interior of the said cover, I may exert pressure upon atmo-
spheric air, or any other fluid for accomplishing the same object, and also
instead of forcing the roller into the elastic india-rubber cover, I may make
the roller stationary, and pull the cover over it.
The covered rollers are brought to their required size and smoothness by
placing them between or in the centres of an ordinary slide lathe, and fixing
one or more files on the slide rest, which latter is then traversed backwards
and forwards, having or holding the files in contact with the surface of the
rubber, the roller revolving at the same time. By using rough or smooth
files any degree of smoothness way be obtained.
The surface of the elastic india-rubber covers may also be ground with a
traversing grindstone, or by means of rollers covered with emery or other
cutting material.
When it is desired to cover the rollers used in sizing machines or dressing
frames with hard india-rubber, the roller itself is placed in a mould similar to
that described in Figs. 4, 5, and 6, and shewn with the roller in it at Fig. 22,
the said roller having flanges cast or fixed upon it at each end, in order to
prevent the india-rubber from wasting during the process of vulcanizing, after
which the covered roller is placed in a slide lathe, and turned true either
straight or to any required form, or they may be ground by files, or a stone or
cutting materials, as described for the elastic india-rubber cover.
Having thus fully described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I desire it to be distinctly understood
that I do not confine myself to the precise details herein set forth, as such
may be varied or modified without departing from the principle thereof; but
I claim as my Invention, and which to the best of my knowledge and belief
has not been hitherto used within the realm,-
Firstly, the covering of the top and bottom squeezing rollers of sizing
machines, or either of them, with vulcanized india-rubber either hard or
elastic.
Secondly, the vulcanizing these india-rubber covers in moulds, whereby they
are made straight, uniform in substance, or of any form or figure that may be
required.
Thirdly, the employment of machinery or apparatus as described, for placing
the elastic vulcanized india-rubber covers on the rollers.
Fourthly, the vulcanizing the hard india-rubber cover upon the squeezing
rollers of which it forms the surface, as described.

page_text: And, fifthly, the turning, filing, or grinding the surfaces of the vulcanized
india-rubber covers or rollers, as all such improvements are herein described
and illustrated in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Macmillan Dunlop, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
JOHN M. DUNLOP. (L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the within-
named John Macmillan Dunlop in the
presence of
JOHN M. DUNLOP. (L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the within-
named John Macmillan Dunlop in the
presence of
E. J. HUGHES, Patent Agent,
Manchester.