IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING OR MANUFACTURING PINS, BOLTS, NAILS, AND RIVETS, APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1838

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FRANCIS
POPE, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Fancy Iron Worker, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-fourth day of April, in the first year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Francis Pope, Her especial license, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said Francis Pope, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Francis Pope, my executors, administrators, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
MAKING OR MANUFACTURING PINS, BOLTS, NAILS, AND RIVETS, APPLICABLE TO
VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso,
that I, the said Francis Pope, shall cause a particular description of the
nature of my said Invention, and in what the same is to be performed,
to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had,
will more fully and at large appear,

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Francis Pope, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention, and the
nanner in which the same is to bo performed, are fully described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the
Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon,
that is to say:-
My Invention relates to certain new combinations of mechanical instruments
and apparatus, in order to the making or manufacturing pins, bolts, nails, and
rivets by machinery, and in order to give the best information in my power, I
will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto annexed; I will afterwards
give such directions for varying some of the parts as will enable the workman
to adjust the machinery for making the various articles above mentioned.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Drawing No. 1 represents a perspective view of part of a manufactory or
plant of machinery wherein are shewn two machines having my improvements
applied thereto; and Drawing No. 2 shows the various parts, some separately,
and others in combination; a careful examination of which, aided by the
description hereafter given, a workman will readily understand the nature and
use of the various parts; and it will be seen that the same letter of reference is
employed to indicate like parts of the machinery wherever they are shown in
the Drawings; A being an upright, which is strongly secured to the bed or
lower framing by screw bolts, as is clearly shewn in the Drawing. The
machinery shown is such as is employed for making strong heavy bolts for the
holding-down pins or bolts of railways, or for other purposes; for it should be
understood that the Invention only relates to that part of the manufacture of
pins, bolts, nails, and rivets, where the heading process is performed; the
pointing and screwing processes being performed by any of the ordinary means
now resorted to for similar purposes; and it will be evident that in case lighter
or heavier pins, nails, bolts, or rivets are required, the machinery should be
varied accordingly; but the arrangement shown will be found sufficiently strong
for the larger quantities of the above-mentioned articles which are called for in.
practice. The upright A carries the axis of the lever F, such lever carrying
the heading punch or die, as hereafter explained; the other end of the lever
being occasionally raised and permitted to descend, in order to press down the
heading punch or die on to the length of metal put into the lower die b,
which is securely retained in the block B, as is clearly shewn in the Drawings;
the lower being such as is suitable for successively receiving lengths of metal
rods to be headed by the upper die or punch E, the under surface or die of the.

page_text: punch E being suitably formed for producing the size and figure of head
required, as is well understood, and forms no part of my Invention. The
punch E is suspended to the lever F by links, as is shown in the various
Figures, consequently the punch E will rise and fall according as the other
end of the lever F is moved. C is a cup on the upper part of the guide or
glan D of the punch E; into this cup C is to be kept a constant supply of
water by a suitable pipe, with a cock to regulate the quantity of supply; by
this means the punch E will work through the cup in its upward and down-
ward movements, and be cooled by the water contained therein, which is
important, particularly when working or forging heads on to metal which is
highly heated, such as short iron rods for railway pins or bolts. To the cup C
is affixed a short bent overflow pipe, shewn in Drawing No. 1, by which water
runs from the cup on to the lower die, and keeps the same cool and in a con-
dition to work well. The block B, which carries the lower die b, is made
capable of movement to and from the upper die or punch E, in order to the
workman knocking out a pin or bolt, which has been headed, and place a fresh
length of metal into the lower die 6, in order to its having a head forged or
pressed up. M, N, are guide plates (having means of adjustment), which are
securely held down when suitably adjusted by screw bolts to the under bed of
the machinery, as is clearly shewn in the Drawings, there being grooves
formed in the sides of the block B, which receive the guide plates M; by this
arrangement the block B is securely retained down on the bed of the machinery,
which has an even and level surface for the bottom of the block B to slide on.
H, H, are two connecting rods or links, which are attached to the block B by
pins which are affixed to the block B, and pass through the ends of the rods or
links H, the other ends of the rods or links H being attached to arms I, I, by
pin joints, as is shown in the Drawings, the arms I, I, being affixed to the
axis or spindle G turning in suitable bearings in the uprights K; hence, on
movement being communicated to the spindle or axis G, first in one direction
then in the other, will cause the block B to approach to the die or punch E,
and remain under it till a head is formed to the portion of iron or other
metal rod, which has been previously put into the lower die b, and then to
recede from under the punch E, in order to the pin or bolt being removed and
a fresh length put into the die 6; and the removing of the pin or bolt is per-
formed by means of the trigger L, as is well understood, and is shown in the
Drawing; and motion is communicated to the spindle or axis G, by means of
the rod V, which, by a bend or catch, takes hold of the arm W, affixed on the
axis or spindle G, the other end of the rod V having a rectangular frame Q
affixed thereto, which is acted on by means of a small friction roller on the

page_text: pin or axis X, which is carried by the circular plates Y, hence the rod V will
not be at all times moving, but the block B having been thereby moved either
to or from the heading punch E, will be at rest for a time, in order to receive
the impression of the upper die, and to allow of its moving away, and then,
when moved to its distance from the heading die, to remain still, in order to the
removal of the rod which has been headed, and that a fresh supply may be put
into the lower die, all which will readily be traced in the Drawings. S is the
main or driving shaft, which is shown to be worked by a steam engine, but it
will be evident that other power may be employed if desired; T, T, are circular
plates affixed on the shaft S, such plates carrying four rollers, which suc-
cessively coming against the end of the lever F, press that end up and cause
the heading punch E to descend, in order to forge or press up a head on to
the portion or length of metal put into the lower die b. The lower die 6 is
made of two parts; 6' being what I call the upper collar, which acts as a guide
to the punch or die E; and b³, which is a tube having a circular or other bores
of a size suitable to receive lengths of rods of iron or other metal on to which
heads are desired to be formed, the portions or lengths of rods slipping freely
in and out at the same time; the sides should touch in all parts in order to
prevent bending when the pressure is applied to form or forge the head
thereon. The part 63 of the lower die is of a length equal to the greatest
length of stem; a pin or bolt can be made in this machine, if longer ones are
required, the various parts of the machinery must be altered accordingly, but
in case shorter bolts, pins, or rivets are required to be made by the machine,
then a filling piece of iron or other suitable metal is to be put into the lower
portion of the die, and such filling piece will be of a length sufficient to receive
and support one end of the length of metal requiring a head, and cause so
much of the other end of the metal to protrude above the top of the part of
the lower die as will be required to form the head of the size and figure required.
From the foregoing description it will be seen that according as it is required
to produce a head to a pin, bolt, nail, or rivet of any particular length, and
whether the lengths of metal rod be cylindrical or of other figures, so will be the
nature of the lower dies required; and to produce heads of varying sizes and
figures suitable dies or countersinking of the face of the die E will be required,
formed on or carried by the punch E; and if desired, the lever F may also act
as a pair of shears for cutting rods into suitable length, as at P, there being a
suitable cutting edge applied to the lever F'and to the upright A.
Having thus described the nature of my Invontion, and the manner of
performing the same, I would remark, that I do not confine myself to the
precise arrangement shown, as variations may be made; nor do I claim any

page_text: of the parts separately. And I would further remark, that I am aware that
the leads of pins, bolts, nails, and rivets have been made by means of pressure
of a lever and punch like those above described, I do not therefore claim the
same; and I am also aware that water has been caused to flow on to the
punch and die, by which the heads of pins, bolts, nails, and rivets have been
heretofore made by machinery, I do not therefore claim the same when not
performed according to the mode herein-described; but what I claim as my
Invention is,
First, the giving to the block B and lower die a movement to and from the
upper die, when combined with suitable machinery, for making pins, bolts,
nails, and rivets, as above described.
And, secondly, I claim the application of the cup C to the punch and upper
die E, when suitably combined with other machinery, for making pins, bolts,
rivets, and nails, as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Francis Pope, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of October, One thousand
eight hundred and thirty eight.
Signed, sealed, and delivered, by the within-
named Francis Pope, in the presence of
GEO. ROBINSON, Solicitor,
Wolverhampton.
FRANCIS (L.s.) POPE.