and pressure pumps or apparatus;
Year: 1887

page_text: FREDERICK BARKER HILL 26 London Road S.E. Engineer MAURICE SHEARER
65 Blockhouse Street Canterbury Road S.E. Engineer We do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
Our improved vacuum and pressure pumps or apparatus; or, for vacuum or pressure
only. By means of circulating a continuous flow of heavy liquid such as mercury,
sulphuric acid etc. The liquid is circulated through the pump or apparatus by
centrifugal force or by worm or blades or by other suitable means for producing a
continuous flow of the liquid or liquids used and having a casing of suitable material
and shape to collect the liquid or liquids thus discharged to be used over and
over again. The high velocity of the liquid or liquids obtained by the above means
will both draw and force the gas or gases forming a vacuum and pressure, or vacuum
or pressure only.
This liquid which passes through apertures at a high velocity, has other small
apertures within, for producing a vacuum or pressure by aid of the induced current of
this liquid.
For ice making, such liquids as mercury, sulphuric acid are used, in preference.
When sulphuric acid is used for producing a vacuum this circulation will absorb the
vapour given off from the liquid or material to be cooled or frozen, and at the same
time circulates and mixes the weak with the strong acid.
In the construction of the vessel for holding the material or fluid to be cooled or
frozen we prefer this vessel revolving when the centrifugal force is used with
the pump or apparatus for the purpose of doing away with glands, or moving joints.
Dated this 17th day of November 1887.
F. B. HILL.
M. SHEARER.

page_text: Improvements in Vacuum and Pressure Fluid Pumps for Gases.
I, FREDERICK BARKER HILL, of 26 London Road, S.E. and MAURICE SHEARER
of 65 Blockhouse, Street, Canterbury Road S.E. do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention is designed to afford the means for inducing a current of air or
other gas or vapor by the continuous flow of mercury, sulphuric acid or other
liquid through or across a passage or passages in communication with a refrigerator
or other vessel or chamber in which it is desired to form a vacuum or partial
vacuum.
The main object of our said invention is to provide for drawing the air or other
gas or vapor from a refrigerator or from a vessel containing liquid to be cooled ; and,
by preference, we utilize centrifugal force for causing the continuous flow of
the mercury or other liquid for this purpose. In some instances, we also provide
for introducing under pressure into a condenser arranged in combination with
the refrigerator, the ether or ammoniacal or other gas used for producing the cold.
In the accompanying drawing we have shown various forms or modifications of our
improved apparatus.
Figure 1 is a vertical central section, and
Figure 2 a horizontal section on the line x, x, Figure 1, showing our said apparatus
adapted for use with mercury.
Figure 3 is a vertical central section of our apparatus modified to adapt it for use
with sulphuric acid or similar liquid.
Figure 4 is a vertical central section showing a further modification of our said
apparatus.
Like letters indicate corresponding parts throughout the drawing.
a is a chamber which is closed by a cover a¹ and is in communication with another
chamber or well b, and in which is arranged a rotary disc c formed with, a central
cavity c¹ and with curved passages c² extending from the said cavity to the periphery
of the said disc. A hollow vertical shaft d is firmly attached to the disc c and has
fixed thereon a chamber e which is closed by a cover e¹ provided with a ring or
washer e² of india-rubber, leather or other suitable material. In this chamber e is
placed an annular vessel f, which surrounds the upper part of the said hollow shaft d
and is designed to contain liquid to be cooled. The cavity c¹ of the disc c communicates
with the chamber e and vesself through the hollow shaft d. In the said cavity c¹ is
fixed a device g having nozzles g¹ which extend a short distance into the passages c².
This device is in communication with the well b. A pulley d¹ is fixed upon the hollow
shaft d for the purpose of imparting rotary motion thereto.
When the disc c is rotated, mercury from the well b is discharged from the nozzles g₁
and caused to flow through the passages into the chamber a, thereby drawing
the air or vapor from the chamber e and vesself through the hollow shaft d and
forcing it into the said chamber a whence it escapes through apertures a² in the
cover a¹ thereof.

page_text: In Figure 3, we have shown a similar apparatus to that shown in Figures 1 and 2,
adapted for use with sulphuric acid or similar heavy liquid. In this modification of
our invention, the chamber or well is considerably increased in size and a pipe g² is
provided which extends from the device g to near the bottom of the said chamber or
well. The vesself is shown of conical form; it may, however, be cylindrical or of
other convenient shape.
By making the well b of increased size as shown in Figure 3, we obtain the advantage,
when sulphuric acid is used, that the said acid acts efficiently both to produce the
required vacuum and at the same time absorb the vapor drawn from the liquid con-
tained in the vessel f. Moreover a constant circulation of the liquid in the well b is
maintained, thus ensuring the mixing of the light and heavy liquid therein.
The apparatus shown in Figure 4 is to be connected by a pipe h with a refrigerator.
This pipe is secured in a plate or disc ; supported by rods or bars ¹ firmly attached to
the cover a¹ of the chamber a, and a tube extends downward from the said plate or
discj into a cavity d in the hollow shaft d; this cavity is to be partly filled with
mercury, which will seal the connection of the said pipe with the apparatus, whilst
permitting the rotation of the shaft d and disc c. The chamber a is, moreover, to be
connected by a pipe k with a condenser arranged in combination with the said
refrigerator, so that the gas or vapor drawn from the refrigerator will be forced into
the said condenser.
We do not confine ourselves to the employment of centrifugal force for the purpose
of our invention. We sometimes make other suitable provision for causing a
continuous flow of the mercury or other heavy liquid, as, and for the purpose, above
specified.
For instance we provide a rotating screw whereby the mercury from the well is
forced through a nozzle which is surrounded by a larger nozzle communicating with
the vessel containing the liquid to be cooled. The flow of mercury through the
inner nozzle induces a current of air through the space between the two nozzles
and thus produces a vacuum in the said vessel. The mercury discharged from the
said inner nozzle flows back again into the well and is again acted upon by the rotating
screw.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
First. A pump wherein provision is made for inducing a current of air or other gas
or vapor by the continuous flow of mercury or other liquid, substantially as hereinbefore
described for the purpose specified.
Second. The combination of parts comprising the chamber and well, the rotary
disc, the nozzles and the hollow shaft, substantially as described, whereby we provide
for causing the continuous flow of mercury or other liquid by centrifugal force, for the
purpose above specified.
Third. The improved device constructed substantially as described with reference
to figure 4, for hermetically sealing the connection of the pipe with the hollow shaft
whilst permitting the rotation of the said shaft, as above specified.
Fourth. The improved apparatus consisting of the parts constructed and combined
substantially as described with reference to Figures 1 and 2 or with reference to Figure 3
or Figure 4 and operating as, and for the purpose, above specified.
Dated this 18th dor of Ara 1800