In- PROVEMENTS IN CASTING CHILLED ROLLS, AND IN THE APPARATUS OR MEANS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields,
in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of "In-
PROVEMENTS IN CASTING CHILLED ROLLS, AND IN THE APPARATUS OR MEANS
EMPLOYED THEREIN."-A communication from abroad by George
Granville Lobdell, of Wilmington, County of Newcastle, State of
Delaware, United States of America.
Sealed the 30th January 1872, and dated the 6th September 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 6th September 1871.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
5 of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTING CHILLED ROLLS, AND IN THE APPARATUS
OR MEANS EMPLOYED THEREIN," a communication to me from abroad by George

page_text: Granville Lobdell, of Wilmington, County of Newcastle, State of
Delaware, United States of America, to be as follows:-
. This Invention has for its object the casting of chilled rolls having
soft tapering ends without incurring the common danger of the said
ends being separated from the chilled body during the cooling and 5
shrinking of the roll. In order to obviate this evil I use a tapering
sleeve of thin metal, bent to the form of the tapering end of the roll, .
this is generally coated inside and out with blackload, clay, or other
non-conducting refractory material, the inner coating preventing the
melting of the sleeve, and the outer coating insuring the ready 1
separation of the sleeve from the body of sand when the latter is
used. This sleeve is fitted into the upper part of the chill, and in the
space between the sleeve and the interior of the chill may be inserted a
hollow cylinder of baked sand or loam, which has also been suitably
black washed, after which the mould is surmounted with the usual box 1
and rising gate formed therein with sand.
After the metal has been poured into the mould this box is at once
removed, and whatever metal may have risen into the gate is separated
from the roll by simply knocking it off.
Owing to the presence of the metal sleeve, which prevents the contact 2
of the molten metal with and its adhesion to the body of sand, the
tapering end will accommodate itself to the shrinkage of the chilled.
portion of the roll, the sleeve separating from the sand and moving with
the roll when the latter shrinks, hence the tapering end remains an
integral part of the roll, and is as soft as desirable.
.
In some instances the coated sleeve may be employed alone, as it will
prevent the chilling of the metal, or the sleeve of baked sand may be
employed alone if so arranged as to slide in the mould and to move and
remain in contact with the metal as the roll shrinks, in either case the
object of this Invention is accomplished, that is, the mould which 3
receives the metal forming the soft end of the cylinder is carried with
the latter when it shrinks, so as to prevent the fracture of the roll.
i
To facilitate the descent of the tapering end of the roll as the chilled
body shrinks pressure is sometimes applied to the end of the newly cast
roll immediately after the removal of the rising gate box, and the 3

page_text: knocking off the metal on the rising gate. This pressure may be applied
in a variety of ways, for instance, a plunger and a weighted lever may
be applied to the top of the casting.
The sleeve will be united or partially united to the metal of the roll,
but can be readily removed by tearing or chipping it off or removing it
in the latho when the journal is turned.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 5th March 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of September, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-fifth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said John Henry Johnson, Her special license that
I, the said John Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said John Henry Johnson, my executors,
administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTING
CHILLED ROLLS, AND IN THE APPARATUS OR MEANS EMPLOYED THEREIN,' Д
communicaton to me from abroad by George Granville Lobdell, of
Wilmington, County of Newcastle, State of Delaware, United States
of America, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, tho said
John Henry Johnson, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and scal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner tho
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Scal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
"

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Henry Johnson, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to 5
*say :-
-
•
The said Invention has for its object the casting of chilled rolls having
soft tapering ends without incurring the common danger of the said
ends being separated from the chilled body during the cooling and
shrinking of the roll. And in order that the said Invention may be 1
fully understood, I shall now proceed, more particularly to describe the
same, and for that purpose shall refer to the several Figures on the
annexed Sheet of Drawings, the same letters of reference indicating
corresponding parts in all the Figures.
Figure 1 of the Drawings is a vertical section of a mold for casting a 1
chilled roll in accordance with this Invention; Figures 2 and 3 are
detached views of parts of Figure 1 drawn to an enlarged scale, and
illustrating a feature of the improvement; and Figure 4 is a vertical.
section of part of the mold, showing another feature of the Invention.
:
Any desired number of hollow cylindrical cast-iron chills of 2
appropriate thickness is fitted and secured together, as shown in
Figure 1, so as to form a tubular mold for the chilled body of the
roll, and on the top of this mould is a box a, within which is formed in
sand the rising gate b. The lower portion of the mold is formed in
sand contained in a box d, with which is connected the vertical box D, 2
the latter being so packed with sand as to leave a central running gate e,
which communicates through a horizontal passage f with the interior of
the mold. The chilled roll E, cast in the mold, has the ordinary tapering
ends and i. In casting chilled rolls it is important that these tapering
ends should be of comparatively soft metal, for on finishing the rolls 3
these ends are first turned in a latho, so as to be converted into tho
required journals, adapted to bearings in which the roll revolves while
its chilled portion is being turned and ground. Chilled rolls have been
heretofore cast in molds similar to that described in reference to
Figure 1, and in order to insure the softness of the tapering ends the 3
latter are cast in contact with sand; thus the lower tapering end i of
the roll is cast in that portion of the mold formed in sand in the box d,

page_text: while the upper tapering end of the roll is surrounded by sand m
packed in the upper portion of the cylindrical chill A. There is
however in this, the ordinary process of casting chilled rolls, a serious
defect, which may be explained as follows :—
After the metal has been poured through the gato e into the mold
until it reaches the rising gate b, a sudden cooling and a correspondingly
sudden shrinkage of that portion of the roll which is in contact with the
chill takes place; no evil result of this would ensue if the tapering
portion of the roll followed the contracting chilled body of the same,
but it adheres to the sand m, while the latter adheres to the interior of
the chill A; hence, in very many instances, the tapering end is
separated from the body of the roll at x, and the casting is useless.
In order to obviate this evil it is proposed to use a tapering sleeve G
of thin metal, bent to the form of the tapering end of the roll; this
is by preference coated inside and out with blacklead, clay, or other
non-conducting refractory material, the inner coating preventing the
melting of the sleeve, and the outer coating insuring the ready
separation of the sleeve from the body of sand when the latter is used.
This sleeve is fitted into the chill at the point shown in Figure 1, and
in the space between the sleeve and the interior of the chill may be
inserted the hollow cylinder m, of baked sand or loam, which has also
been suitably black washed, after which the mold is surmounted with
the box a, and the rising gate 6 formed therein with sand.
After the metal has been poured into the mold the box a is at once
removed, and whatever metal may have risen into the gate 6 is separated
from the roll at the point y by simply knocking it off.
Owing to the presence of the metal sleeve G, which prevents the
contact of the molten metal with and its adhesion to the body of sand,
the tapering end 7 will accommodate itself to the shrinkage of the
chilled portion of the roll, the sleeve separating from the sand, and
moving with the roll when the latter shrinks; hence the tapering end
remains an integral part of the roll, and is as soft as desirable.
In some instances the coated sleeve may be employed alone, as it will
prevent the chilling of the metal, or the sleeve of baked sand may be
employed alone, if so arranged as to slide in the mold, and to move and
remain in contact with the metal as the roll shrinks; in either case the
object of this Invention is accomplished, that is, the mold which

page_text: receives the metal forming the soft end of the cylinder is carried with
the latter when it shrinks, so as to prevent the fracture of the roll.
To facilitate the descent of the tapering end of the roll as the chilled
body shrinks, pressure is sometimes applied to the end of the newly cast
roll immediately after the removal of the box a and the knocking off 5
the metal on the rising gate. This pressure may be applied in a variety
of ways, for instance, a plunger W and a weighted lever M may be
applied in the manner too clearly illustrated in Figuro 4 to need
explanation.
The sleeve will be united or partially united to the metal of the 10
roll, but can be readily removed by tearing or chipping it off, or removing
it in the latho when the journal is turned.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to 16
be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to
me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,—.
First. The employment in casting chilled rolls of a sleeve or its
equivalent receiving the metal which forms the soft end of the roll, and
moving with the latter when the metal contracts, substantially as 20
described.
Secondly. The application to the top of the newly cast roll of pressure
as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have to this
my Specification sot my hand and cool the Tifth day of Mamah 21
J. HENRY JOHNSON. (L.S.)