Apparatus for Separating and Utilizing Steam from Cane Juice on Leaving a Juice Heater.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Oct., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 23rd July, 1894-Accepted, 15th Sept., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Apparatus for Separating and Utilizing Steam from Cane Juice
on Leaving a Juice Heater.
1, ALFRED CHAPMAN of 17 York Street, in the City of Liverpool, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
It has been found in practice to be advantageous to heat raw cane juice to a high
temperature under pressure as soon as practicable after its extraction from the
canes so as to coagulate the albumen and vegetable gummy matters contained
therein and thus facilitate their separation from the saccharine solution. For many
years juice heaters working with exhaust or direct steam have been used for this
purpose, but with the result that the higher the temperature to which the juice is
heated and the consequent better separation of the albumen and gums therefrom
the greater the loss of heat and therefore fuel caused by the subsequent reduction
of the temperature of the juice when released from pressure.
Heat interchangers have been employed for utilizing this heat, by means of
which the cold juice on its way to the heater has been caused to flow in contact
with the outside of tubes through which the heated juices leaving the heater are
run, thus warming the cold juice and cooling the hot juice, but in practice this
system has been found defective because the cooled juice clogs in the tubes and
thus its free circulation is prevented the transmission of heat through the tubes
being at the same time impeded by the fouling of their surfaces.
Now the object of my invention is to utilize in a more economical and efficient
manner the heat of the juice which has been heated to a high temperature under
pressure.
With this object I construct a steam and juice separator as hereinafter described
and I combine the same with some evaporating apparatus preferably a multiple
effect apparatus, in which the steam can be usefully employed, while the separated
juice flows to defecators, filters or elsewhere.
In carrying out my invention I construct a vessel of any convenient size and
shape according to the amount of work it has to do and the place in which it has to
be erected. Into this vessel the juice which has been heated up to the desired
temperature is delivered; some of the steam released by the fall of pressure
separates in the vessel from the juice. To the upper part of the vessel is connected
a pipe which conducts the separated steam to the apparatus in which it is to be
utilized, preferably to the first drum of a multiple effect evaporating apparatus.
To the lower part of the vessel is connected one end of an inverted syphon pipe the
other end of which extends up to another and smaller separating vessel into which
the juice from the first separating vessel flows. To the lower part of the second
vessel is connected a pipe by which the juice flows therefrom to the defecators or
filters or elsewhere, according to the particular system adopted in the sugar factory.
To the upper part of the second separating vessel is connected a pipe which may
lead the steam separated in this vessel either to the second drum of the multiple
effect apparatus or elsewhere.
As the pressure of steam in the evaporating apparatus may vary from time to
time, provision should be made that the pressure under which the vapor separates
from the juice in the first separating vessel shall vary in proportion, and this is
attained by the use of the inverted syphon pipe which allows the juice to flow away
into the next separating vessel without interfering with the pressure in the first
separating vessel.

page_text: By the use of the steam and juice separator hereinbefore described working as
explained in combination with say a good quadruple effect evaporating apparatus
the juice being heated up to 300° Fahrenheit so as to secure a good separation
from it of the albuminous and gummy ingredients, a large proportion, which I
estimate at about one-third of the juice, may be evaporated without the employment
of any steam beyond that required for heating the juice originally.
The number of separating vessels may be varied but two as hereinbefore described
are, I believe, as many as can be usefully employed.
Dated this 26th day of October 1893.
J. C. MEWBURN,
55 and 56, Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Apparatus for Separating and Utilizing Steam from Cane Juice
on Leaving a Juice Heater.
I, ALFRED CHAPMAN of 17 York Street in the City of Liverpool, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
It has been found in practice to be advantageous to heat raw cane juice to a high
temperature under pressure as soon as practicable after its extraction from the
canes, so as to coagulate the albumen and vegetable gummy matters contained
therein and thus facilitate their separation from the saccharine solution. For many
years juice heaters working with exhaust or direct steam have been used for this
purpose, but with the result that the higher the temperature to which the juice is
heated and the consequent better separation of the albumen and gums therefrom
the greater the loss of heat and therefore fuel caused by the subsequent reduction
of the temperature of the juice when released from pressure.
Heat interchangers have been employed for utilizing this heat, by means of
which the cold juice on its way to the heater has been caused to flow in contact
with the outside of tubes through which the heated juices leaving the heater are
run, thus warming the cold juice and cooling the hot juice, but in practice this
system has been found defective, because the cooled juice clogs in the tubes and
thus its free circulation is prevented, the transmission of heat through the tubes
being at the same time impeded by the fouling of their surfaces.
Now the object of my invention is to utilize in a more economical and efficient
manner the heat of the juice which has been heated to a high temperature under
pressure.
With this object I construct a steam and juice separator as hereinafter described
and I combine the same with some evaporating apparatus, preferably a multiple
effect evaporating apparatus, in which the steam can be usefully employed while
the separated juice flows to defecators, filters or elsewhere.
In carrying out my invention I construct a vessel of any convenient size and
shape according to the amount of work it has to do and the place in which it has to
be erected. Into this vessel the juice which has been heated up to the desired
temperature is delivered; some of the steam released by the fall of pressure
separates in the vessel from the juice. To the upper part of the vessel is connected
a pipe which conducts the separated steam to the apparatus in which it is to be
utilized, preferably to the first drum of a multiple effect evaporating apparatus.
To the lower part of the apparatus is connected one end of an inverted syphon
pipe, the other end of which extends up to another and smaller separating vessel
into which the juice from the first separating vessel flows. To the lower part of
the second vessel is connected a pipe by which the juice flows therefrom to the
efecators or filters or elsewhere, according to the particular system adopted in the

page_text: sugar factory. To the upper part of the second separating vessel is connected a
pipe which may lead the steam separated in this vessel either to the second drum
of the multiple effect apparatus or elsewhere.
As the pressure of steam in the evaporating apparatus may vary from time to
time, provision should be made that the pressure under which the vapor separates
from the juice in the first separating vessel shall vary in proportion, and this is
attained by the use of the inverted syphon pipe which allows the juice to flow away
into the next separating vessel without interfering with the pressure in the first
separating vessel.
By the use of the steam and juice separator hereinbefore described working as
explained in combination with say a good quadruple effect evaporating apparatus,
the juice being heated up to 300° Fahrenheit so as to secure a good separation
from it of the albuminous and gummy ingredients, a large proportion, which I
estimate at about one-third of the juice, may be evaporated without the employment.
of any steam beyond that required for heating the juice originally.
The number of separating vessels may be varied but two as hereinbefore described
are, I believe, as many as can be usefully employed.
The accompanying drawings will serve to illustrate my invention. Figure 1 is a
sectional elevation and Figure 2 a section on the line 2-2 of Figure 1.
A represents a pipe leading from the juice heater represented at ✗; B is the
first separating vessel into which the pipe A delivers the hot juice; the mouth of
this pipe is preferably of the form seen in Figure 2 so as to cause the juice to enter
the vessel B in a thin riband or stream in order that it will readily part with its
vapor C is a pipe leading from the upper part of the vessel B to say the first
drum Y of a multiple effect evaporating apparatus to which it conducts the steam
that separates from the juice in the vessel B. b is a baffle plate in the vessel B to
prevent the liquor going over into the pipe C with the steam. D is an inverted
syphon pipe leading from the bottom of the vessel B to the second separating
vessel E to which it conveys the juice from the vessel B. The two vessels B
and E are shown as made of one vessel divided into two separate parts or com-
partments by a partition Z but they can be made entirely distinct from each if
preferred, the inverted syphon pipe D connecting them as described. F is a pipe
leading from the upper part of the vessel E to conduct the steam that separates.
from the juice in this vessel either to the atmosphere or to the evaporating
apparatus, say the second drum of a multiple effect. G is a pipe for conveying the
juice from the vessel E after final separation of the steam to the defecators, filters
or other utensils, according to the particular system employed in the factory. His
a safety valve on the top of the vessel B to allow steam to blow off in case the
stop valve on the multiple effect pan should be shut down. When the steam from
the second separating vessel E is taken to one of the drums of the multiple
effect apparatus it should be provided with an arrangement of safety valve
similar to H.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. The combination with a cane juice heater and an evaporating apparatus, of
a steam and cane juice separator consisting of two or more separating vessels, the
first of which is connected at its lower part by an inverted syphon pipe with the
second, and the second, where a third is employed, is similarly connected with
the third, the hot juice from the heater being delivered to the first separating
vessel from which it passes by the inverted syphon pipe to the second and thence to
the third or to defecators or filters or elsewhere, whilst the steam which separates
from the juice in the first separating vessel is conducted to and utilized in the
evaporating apparatus, and the steam which separates in the second vessel is
conducted to the evaporating apparatus, or otherwise, substantially as herein before
described.

page_text: 2. The apparatus constructed and working substantially as hereinbefore
described with reference to the accompanying drawings for separating and
utilizing steam from cane juice on leaving a juice heater.
Dated this 18th day of July 1894.
J. C., MEWBURN & ELLIS,
55 and 56, Chancery Lane, London, Patent Agents.