Improvements in the Method and Means employed in Raising Fluid Matter for Drainage or analogous purposes.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Jan., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 25th Oct., 1895-Accepted, 7th Dec., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method and Means employed in Raising Fluid
Matter for Drainage or analogous purposes.
I, HARRY SOUTH, of 10 and 12 Garrick Street, Covent Garden, in the County
of London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:
:-
My improvements relate to the method and means employed in raising fluid
matter for drainage or analogous purposes, and they are especially applicable to
the drainage of towns where the fall is slight, or even where the sewage matter is
required to be raised to above the inlet level. The improvements are also
applicable to the drainage of mausions, factories, or the raising of pulp, acid, or
other fluid matter in addition to water and sewage.
In applying my invention to the drainage of a town (for example) where the fall
is insufficient by simple gravitation, I construct a series of sunken chambers along
the line of drainage, each adapted as a receptacle for sewage, and of suitable
depth. These chambers are connected one to the other by a line of drainage pipes
so arranged that the pipe from the first or upper chamber of the series has a suitable
fall to the bottom or lower part of the second chamber; and a pipe led from the
upper part of the second chamber has a similar fall to the bottom or lower part of
the third chamber, and so on; the amount of fall given being regulated by the
depth of the chambers, the number or distances apart, the natural fall available, as
the case may be; so that any pre-arranged fall may be provided for.
In each chamber I place a chain pump (for example) and one or more electro
motors adapted to drive the same and arrange suitable means for protecting the
motor or motors from contact with water or sewage. The pump in each chamber is
adapted to lift the water or sewage matter from the bottom of the chamber to the
upper part thereof, and to empty its buckets into a suitable receptacle connected
with the outlet drainage pipe at the upper part of the chamber, through which
pipe the fluid matter flows to the next chamber by gravitation.
The motors employed are automatically worked by electrical energy conveyed
from a generating station through electricity conducting mains; and these mains
are available also for lighting or other purposes as desired.
It is to be understood that I do not confine myself to a chain or any other
particular form of pump for lifting or forcing the fluid matter, as in some cases it
may be desirable to use a centrifugal or other kind of pump, and I may employ
any suitable means at the several chambers for intercepting and removing
objectionable solid matter therefrom, as required.
Dated this 24th day of January 1895.
FAIRFAX & WETTER,
433 Strand, London, Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in the method and means employed in raising riula
Matter for Drainage or analogous purposes.
I, HARRY SOUTH, of 10 and 12 Garrick Street, Covent Garden, in the County
of London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My improvements relate to the method and means employed in raising fluid
matter for drainage or analogous purposes, and they are especially applicable to
the drainage of towns where the fall is slight, or even where the sewage matter is
required to be raised to above the inlet level. The improvements are also
applicable to the drainage of mansions, factories, or to the raising of pulp, acid, or
other fluid matter in addition to water or sewage.
In the further description of this invention, reference is made to the accompanying
drawings, in which
Fig. 1 is a diagram indicating a town, and showing the lines followed by the
sewers, and the electric mains.
Figs. 2 and 3 are imaginary sections of the ground, indicating the contour of its
surface, the vertical arrangement of the sewers, and the several chambers connected
therewith.
Fig. 4 is a vertical section through a chamber, shewing a pump and driving
motor in elevation, and Fig. 5 is a similar view at right angles, one half being in
section.
Fig. 6 is also a vertical section through a chamber, showing a pair of force pumps
driven by two motors in elevation, a part of a pump being in section ;
Fig. 7 is a partial plan of the chamber, showing the arrangement of the motors
and driving gear of the pumps; and Fig. 8 is a sectional plan of the same chamber
taken just above the pumps.
In applying my invention to the drainage of a town (for example) where the fall
is insufficient by simple gravitation, I construct a series of chambers a, and place
them along the line of drainage b, each chamber being adapted as a receptacle for
sewage. These chambers are connected one to the other by a line of drainage
pipes b, so arranged that the pipes from the first or upper chamber a of the series
has a suitable fall to the bottom or lower part of the second chamber a¹, and a
pipe, led from the upper part of the second chamber has a similar fall to the
bottom or lower part of the third chamber a², and so on as shown in Fig. 2; the
amount of fall given being regulated by the depth of the chambers, their number
or distances apart, and the natural fall available, as the case may be; so that any
prearranged fall may be provided for.
In each chamber a, a¹, a², and so on, as the case may be, I place a suitable
pump d, and one or more electro-motors e, adapted to drive the same, which are
preferably arranged in a side chamber or box f with suitable means, (not shown)
for protecting the motor or motors from contact with water or sewage.
The pump
in each chamber is adapted to lift the water or sewage matter from the bottom of
the chamber to the upper part thereof, and there to empty it by a spout d' into a
suitable receptacle connected with the outlet drainage pipe b at the upper part
of the chamber, through which pipe the fluid matter Hows to the next chamber by
gravitation.
The bottom portion of each chamber a is provided with a grating or other
perforated division g to exclude coarse and undesirable matter from the pump well,

page_text: thus formed, and from which the pump draws its supply. The coarse matter can.
be readily removed from the surface of the grating g, from time to time as required;.
through a suitable man-hole at the top or upper portion of the chamber. The
chambers are shown as constructed of cast iron, with means for supporting one or
more cross girders to sustain the pump or the notor, the girder / being some-..
times formed as a bed-plate to carry the motor and driving gear of the pump, as
shown in Fig. 6; but I do not restrict myself to this method or material of
construction.
In some cases, as indicated in Figs. 6, 7 and 8, I employ a force pump, instead.
of a lift pump, to convey the sewage matter from one point to another, where
circumstances require it. In Fig. 3, the diagram indicates two lines of gravitation.
pipes, b, b, draining into the bottom of the lower chamber a, which is supposed to..
contain a force pump. This pump lifts the sewage from the bottom to the top of
the chamber a, and thence forces it upward by a separate line of pipe b', to the top
of the incline i, where it connects with the gravitation pipe line 6, in order to
drain into the upper chamber a¹, situated above the level of the lower chamber a..
This example, with the arrangement shown in Fig. 2, will indicate the method.
adopted under varying circumstances.
The motors e are worked by electrical energy conveyed to them from a central,
or other generating station, through suitable conducting mains. In the diagram
Fig. 1, the streets of a town are indicated, together with lines of sewer pipes b, and.
electricity conducting mains j. A central generating station k is supposed to supply
energy for the electric lighting of a town, and current is taken from the mains j
to drive the motors placed-with the pumps-in the chambers_a. By switching,
on current to the motor circuits from the electricity mains, the motors can be.
started from a distance to work the pumps automatically, so that very little.
personal attention is required. Apart from surface drainage arising from rains,.
the drainage from buildings into the sewers is greatest during the day. Consequently,
by my improved method, the day load on the plant of the generating station,
hitherto considerably less than the night load, is increased, thus reducing the.
average cost per unit of the output, with advantage both to the sewer and the
lighting systems.
manner,
The motors are arranged to drive the pumps in suitable
any
but Figs. 4
and 5 indicate that the motor e is connected by a shaft l, carrying a worm, to a.
worm wheel m, (indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 4), on which is fixed a crank pin.
A connecting rod n extends from the crank arm to the pump bucket or plunger,.
and suitable bearings are provided, in any well-known manner. In Figs. 6, and 7,.
two motors e, e, are shown, connected by shafts 1, 1, and a worm (indicated by
dotted lines) centrally placed to rotate a worm wheel m, which is mounted upon a
transverse axle (working in suitable bearings) having cranks at its extremities..
The cranks are arranged to drive two pumps d, d, by two connecting rods n, n, but
I do not confine myself to this special method of driving the pumps, nor to the
particular form of pumps shown.
In Fig. 5, a diagrammatic arrangement of a device for stopping and starting the
motor and pump automatically is indicated, consisting of a float o connected to
a contact making arm p, and two electric terminals q, q. These are so adapted.
that when the fluid matter rises within the chamber a the float o rises and causes
the contact making arm p to move on its pivot r and close the circuit at the
terminals q; thus starting the motor and pump. When the fluid matter falls to...
a predetermined point, the circuit is broken and the motor stops.
In the chamber a containing force pumps, shown in Figs. 6, 7, and 8, the
division gl is not perforated, as in the case of g, Fig. 5, but made tight; so that.
the chamber above is kept free of fluid matter, and therefore no side chamber f, or
other special means is required for keeping the motors from the fluid matter to be-
raised, and the arrangement also readily permits inspection of the pump. In this.
example, any suitable electric devices, equivalent to that already described, can be:
used to automatically start and stop the motors.

page_text: Having now particularly, described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
"
1. The herein described method and means employed in raising fluid matter for
drainage or analogous purposes, consisting of the combination of two or more
chambers a placed in any convenient position for drainage or the like purpose,
with communicating pipes b, the said chambers containing one or more pumps d,
adapted to be worked by a motor or motors e, connected with electricity conducting
mainsj, substantially as described and shown in the drawings.
2. In the herein described method of raising fluid matter, the combination of a
chamber containing a pump and an electricity motor, the latter arranged and
adapted to drive the said pump, means to protect the motor from contact with
fluid matter, a pump well with means to exclude coarse matter therefrom, an inlet
pipe at the lower portion of the said chamber and an outlet pipe at the upper
portion of the said chamber each communicating with a line of gravitation drainage
pipe, and means to actuate the said motor, substantially as and for the purpose'
described and shown in the drawings.
3. In the herein described method of raising fluid matter, the combination of a
chamber containing a pump, an electricity motor, a worm and worm-wheel with a
crank and connecting-rod, or equivalent devices, for driving the said pump by the
motion of the motor, an enclosed water-tight space at the lower portion of the said
chamber adapted to act as a pump well, an inlet from a pipe line to the said
enclosed space, and an outlet or delivery pipe from the said pump communicating
with another pipe line, substantially as and for the purpose described and shown in
the drawings.
Dated this 23rd day of October 1895.
FAIRFAX & WETTER,
433 Strand, London, Agents for the Applicant.