A New or Improved Steam-turbine.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Oct., 1897-Accepted, 18th Jan., 1898.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A New or Improved Steam-turbine.
I, FLORJAN VON GRUBINSKI, of No. 3 Bracka, Warschau, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention relates to a new or improved steam turbine, the essential features
of which consist of a drum or receptacle for generating the steam revolubly situated
with its spindle over a number of burners and which contains a superheater consisting
of a number of helically arranged tubes, surrounding the drum, water being forced
into the tubes, by means of a pump which is worked by the rotation of the drum or
receptacle.
In the interior of the drum or receptacle is also fitted a wire brush, suspended
vertically on the axle, which, besides cleaning, also serves to keep back the water for
vaporization in the lower part of the drum.
And in order that my said invention may be particularly described and ascertained,
reference is hereby made to the accompanying drawings, in which similar letters of
reference indicate corresponding parts.
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation.
Fig. 2 is a plan of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a transverse section on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1, looking from left to
right.
Fig. 4 is an end view of the turbine.
Fig. 5 is a horizontal longitudinal section through the revoluble drum and super-
heater, showing also the regulating distributing steam cock, and,
Fig. 6 is an end view of the drum, specially showing the regulating-distributing
arrangement for working the steam cock, and also the arrangement of the auto-
matically acting feed pump.
The
The drum a (Fig. 1) is with its axle d arranged to revolve in the bearings d¹ d²
attached to the case a¹, in which the working disc is situated., u u are the steam
cocks and is the feed pump attached to the disc or plate a². The interior of the
drum is in connection with the feed pump 7 by means of a tube or pipe 8.
superheating tubes y are secured by means of small hoops y in the form of a double
helice, as shewn in Fig. 5, communicating at their induction ends with the steam
cocks uu, and, at their eduction ends by means of nozzles y¹, with an annular
chamber y2 secured to the case a¹. From the chamber y² the exhaust steam escapes
by the pipe ys. The chamber y² is stationary and is provided with an annular slot y*
to accommodate the revolving nozzles y¹ projecting thereinto.
Underneath the drum a is arranged a suitable fire device for instance a heating
lamp c which can be supplied with suitable combustible material, such as petroleum,
benzine, spirits, or the like from the exterior, by means of a pipe c¹.
At the upper
part of the case a¹ a chimney h is provided for carrying away the gas fumes. g is a
feed water reservoir fitted with a funnel f. To the upper part of this reservoir is
added a tube k, from which a water gauge glass leads to a two-way connection n',
(see Figs. 1, 2, and 4), one passage of n¹ is connected with the lower part of the

page_text: reservoir g, by means of the pipe conductors n and valves n². From the connection n¹
a tube n by a branch n³ leads to a receiver or container m into which the feed water
flows through one of the tubes n, as indicated by arrows in Fig. 4. By means of the
passage or funnel o the container m is placed in connection with the drum a. From
the passage p in the shaft, a pipe p¹ leads to the feed-pump r, and from this latter
as already described, a tube 8 runs to the interior of the drum a. The wire brush 62
is loosely suspended to the axle d by means of the straps b,.which brush does not
rotate with the drum a, being loaded with a weight 61 in order to keep the same in a
vertical position. The object of this brush is to continuously keep the interior of
the drum a clean; also to prevent the settling of fur, and for simultaneously holding
back the water supplied by the feed pump until evaporation takes place in the
lower part of the drum.
Through the rotation of the drum a the pump r is simultaneously set in motion,
and in order to effect this, the neck of one of the collars secured to the case is
provided with a screw thread or worm d³, meshing into the worm wheel 1, (Figs. 1
and 6) and in the axle of the same worm wheel is an eccentric 2 which works the
pump r. A safety valve i is attached to the cover of the drum a, and man holes t, t,
are provided for convenience in cleaning the feed water reservoirs g. 2 in Fig. 3 is a
plate covering an opening in the case a¹, for the purpose of enabling the lamp c to
be placed in position under the drum a. Referring to Figs. 5 and 6 the connection
of the steam super heater y with the steam cocks u, u, is shown fitted to the wall of
the drum a, also the automatic means for regulating the distribution of the steam.
The ends of the bent tubes y discharge into the angular passages ww of the steam
cocks uu, communicating with the corresponding branches y, which are in
connection with the interior of the drum, and each being provided at their outer
ends with a lever z. The springs qq, connected with the levers z, z, and with the
case a² of the drum, retain the cocks uu in a closed position until by the revolution
of the drum a, the lever z comes in contact with the roller x attached to the case,
when the lever is so actuated, that the cocks u u are opened one after the other, and
the steam in the drum a intermittently reaches the superheater y. Immediately
after the outer end of the lever z has left the roller x, the automatic closing of the
cocks uu is effected, under the influence of springs qq, the operation being repeated
as long as the turbine revolves.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows:-
To set the Turbine in motion the heating lampc must first be ignited, the valve n²
is then opened for carrying the feed water to the drum a, the latter being revolved,
by hand or other suitable means, for a short time. The funnel o of the container m
is lifted whereby a certain amount of feed water flows each time through the
passage p in the drum axle d into the tube p 3 by the branches n³, and is pressed or
forced into the interior of the drum a by the action of the pump actuated by the
rotation of the drum a, upon which an immediate generation of steam is effected,
owing to the intermediatly conducted heating of the same. The cocks u, u, having
been opened after each other by the action of the roller x on the lever z, the developed
steam travels into the tube y, bent in the shape of a double passage tubular screw,
which remains in continuous contact with the flame of the heating lamp c, and
becomes superheated so as to increase its volume by about 37 per cent.
The steam, by its passage through the pipe y also exercises a considerable pressure
upon the screw surface of the same, and thereby the drum a, upon the exterior of
which the tube y is secured, is set in continuous motion. The power so generated can
be employed in any convenient manner as indicated by the rigger e.
The pump r
is continuously in motion, and periodically forces small portions of highly heated
water into the drum.
my said
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A Steam turbine, consisting of a drum or receptacle for generating steam.

page_text: revolubly situated over a source of heat, the interior of which is periodically brought
into connection with the helically formed surfaces of the pipes y, secured to the drum,
in which the steam is greatly superheated thereby effecting the revolution of the
drum, and by means of this revolution actuating a pump r, substantially as
herein before described and illustrated by the Drawings.
2. The method of working a steam turbine, as set forth under claim 1, characterised
by the arrangement that in the interior of the drum a, and on the axle of the same,
is loosely suspended a wire brush 6, 61, 62 retained in a vertical position by means of
a weight, said brush not participating in the rotation but remaining stationary and
serving for cleaning the drum, as also for holding back the water in the lower part
of the drum until evaporated, substantially as herein before described and illustrated
by the drawings.
3. The method of operating a steam turbine as set forth under claim 1, whereby
the actuating of a pump r secured to the rotating drum a, is effected by means of a
worm 3, in gear with one of the wheels r¹, attached to the drum, on the axle of
which is arranged an eccentric 72, linked to the plunger of the pump substantially
as herein before described and illustrated by the Drawings.
4. The method of operating the steam turbine, as set forth under claim 1, whereby
the valves or cocks u, u arranged upon the partition or wall of the rotating drum a,
are fitted, exteriorly, with levers z, which, under the influence of the springs q, retain
the cocks closed, but by the revolution of the drum and intermittently coming in
contact with the rollers x, effect a temporary opening of the cocks, and steam is
carried from the interior of the drum into the super-heater y, substantially as
herein before described and illustrated by the drawings.
Dated October 19th 1897
GEORGE DOWNING & SONS,
8 Quality Court, London, W.C., Agents.