Improvements in or relating to the Securing of Collars upon Blanks for Projectiles, Spindles, Axles, and Bars.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Mar., 1892-Accepted, 25th June, 1892
COMS DERE SIMULTIVATION.
Improvements in or relating to the Securing of Collars upon Blanks
for Projectiles, Spindles, Axles, and Bars.
We, WALTER STERLING LOVELAND and EDWIN CHARLES HENN, Machinists,
Citizens of the United States of America, residing at Hartford, Connecticut, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
The invention relates to the securing of collars or bands upon blanks for
projectiles, axles, spindles or bars, and to the peculiar blank produced by the
process employed. The object of the invention is to provide means by which
bands, collars or shoulders of one material may be formed upon blanks of the
same or a different material for projectiles, axles, spindles, or bars, without cutting
away a quantity of material as in reducing the stock from the original size of the
collar to the desired size, the process being such that a homogeneous collar is most
firmly secured to the blank by a cheap and quickly performed operation which
hardens the metal of the collar, increasing its efficiency.
Referring to the accompanying drawings:
Figs. 1 are side views of a blank designed for a projectile, illustrating the
different steps of the process.
Figs. 2 are transverse sections near the butts of the same.
Fig. 3 is a central vertical section of the apparatus for securing the collars in
place upon the blanks.
Fig. 4 is a side view with part in section to show the nature of the attachment
of the collar, this blank, however, being in the form of a spindle.
In the views where the invention is more particularly illustrated in connection
with the operation of making projectiles which are of hard metal, as iron or steel,
with a projecting band of softer metal (adapted to engage with the rifle grooves of
the gun barrel), as copper, secured on the exterior near the butt, I indicates a
cylindrical blank, cast, forged, drawn, turned or otherwise shaped of iron, steel, or
any other suitable kind of metal. This blank is put in a lathe and on the exterior
a groove 2, is rolled or turned in the usual manner by any common form of cutting
tool 3. The bottom of the groove is then roughened as by a milling tool in the
lathe or it may be subjected to the action of a "knurling" or milling tool 4 bearing
a pair of rotary "knurlers" 5 upon opposite sides of the blank which form a double
spiral "knurl" 6, or two "knurls in opposite directions. This peculiar manner
of "knurling" impresses the material of the blank in the bottom of the groove
into diamond shaped pyramids or projections which are of particular importance
as their sharp edges and corners more uniformly and deeply penetrate into the
metal of the collar and so more firmly hold it in place when pressed thereon.
A drawn. or otherwise formed homogeneous band or collar 7 of the same or a
different metal from the blank, of equal width with, but thicker than the depth of
the groove 2, and with an internal diameter sufficiently large to easily slip along
the blank, is placed over the groove 2 and the blank with this collar is inserted in
a press and forced through a tapering die that compresses and contracts the metal
of the collar uniformly and evenly into the groove. This press consists of a strong
shell 8 cast or otherwise formed of any desirable metal, having suitable means of
support and bearing a reciprocating hollow plunger 9 preferably adapted to receive
removable bushings 10 of different internal diameters to hold blanks of various
sizes. Beneath the plunger is located a tapering die 11, the large end of the
opening in which is greater than the original size of the collar to be pressed into
place, while the smaller end of the opening is of the size of the collar after com-
pression. A guiding sleeve 12 may be loosely placed at the end to centre the

page_text: blank while passing through the die, and a block 13 may be provided temporarily
to hold in place the blank or a part to which the blank may be attached.
The blank with the collar in position is placed in the plunger with the collar
bearing against the lower end, hydraulic or other heavy pressure is then applied
to the outer end of the plunger thrusting it inward and forcing the blank and
collar through the tapering die which uniformly and evenly compresses and
contracts the metal of the collar into the groove so that the sharp edges of the
peculiar "knurling" penetrate the metal of the collar and hold it firmly from
turning or moving round, while the edges of the groove prevent the collar from
slipping longitudinally upon the blank.
The steps of this process are simple, cheap, and readily performed, and a collar
of the same or different metal, harder or softer metal than the blank, can be tightly
secured in place in such manner that it is almost impossible to tear it therefrom.
The corners of the groove may be rounded or filleted in the manner commonly
adopted in the bearing journals of engine shafts.
The tapering die in compressing the homogeneous collar uniformly compacts the
metal without any possible chance of wrinkling or seaming, and also hardens and
toughens the metal making it more difficult to be removed after it has been set in
place. This process is particularly applicable to the formation of blanks for
projectiles which require a thin collar of soft metal to be rigidly secured around
the butt to fill in the grooves of the ordnance in which it is to be used, without
any liability of the collar tearing off when the gun is discharged. It is also of
great advantage in forcing rigid collars upon shafts, axles, spindles and the like, as
the collar can be formed without cutting down the stock from the full size of the
collar to the size of the spindle, and it also permits a drawn blank of cheap metal
to be provided with a hard metal collar without heating the parts.
The blanks to which the collars are secured may be turned to various shapes
and used for many different purposes and we do not bind ourselves to any particular
manner of "knurling" or shape or arrangement of projection produced, also instead
of projections upon the bottom of the groove we may form holes or recesses into
which the collar would be compressed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim sis,―
1. The process of securing a collar upon a shaft projectile or the like which
consists in forming a groove in the surface of the blank and roughening the bottom
of said groove slipping a collar upon the blank to the groove and forcing the blank
and collar through a die of smaller diameter than the collar substantially as
described.
2. The process of securing a collar upon a shaft projectile or the like which
consists in forming a groove in the surface of the blank and "knurling" the bottom
of said groove, slipping a collar upon the blank to the groove and forcing the blank
and collar through a tapering die substantially as described.
3. A shaft proiectile or the like having a groove such as 2 in its surface the
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicant.