IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS AND LAMP STOVES, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF SUCH DESCRIPTION OF STOVES
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Alexander Rippingille, of Holborn, in the County
of Middlesex, and of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS AND LAMP STOVES, AND IN THE APPLICATION
OF SUCH DESCRIPTION OF STOVES."
Sealed the 15th August 1879, and dated the 19th February 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Alexander Rippin-
gille at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th February
1879.
EDWARD ALEXANDER RIPPINGILLE, of Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, and
of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS AND
LAMP STOVES, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF SUCH DESCRIPTION OF STOVES."
"
My Invention relates, firstly, to that class of burner for lamps and lamp stoves
known as the "no chimney burner'
"
or chimneyless burner," and consists in
insulating the cones from the wick tube, or in so arranging and constructing the
parts as to prevent the communication of too much heat from the cones to the
wick tube, and consequently to the reservoir, or from the burner to the reservoir,
and also to ensure a greater supply of air to the flame.
For this purpose I extend the base of the inner cone below the base of the outer
cone, and I extend or flare outwards the base of the inner cone so as to cause it to
collect a larger quantity of air, and pass it to the burner than has heretofore been
the case with burners hitherto in use.
Or the bases of the two cones may be on a level or nearly so, but in either case I
form the lower part of the inner cone parallel or concentric with the lower part of
the outer cone, and preferably continuous or but slightly perforated, so as to leave
an annular air space between the two, with an extended metallic surface to the
inner cone which serves to heat the air at such part, and thereby to increase the
draft between the two cones.
The inner cone I also form with a slot on each side of the central slot, and
parallel or nearly so thereto in lieu of the ordinary round holes, and I depress the
outer edges of the bars thus formed on each side of the central slot, so as to cause a
part of the air passing through the cone to be directed against the flame. Projections
from the base of either cone serve to connect the two cones together by rivetting at
such parts, and also to connect the fittings thereto by which the cones are adjusted
Dries GIL

page_text: in position on the wick tube, or on a tube cover or projections connected therewith.
These fittings may, according to my Invention, be either formed so as to present
only thin edges of contact, or they may be connected by insulating connections to
the cones.
When applying the above description of burners to lamps for lanterns, I mount
as heretofore over the reservoir two doflecting plates at a short distance from each
other and from the reservoir, which plates may be either flat or inverted dish
shaped, but instead of making both of these deflecting plates of equal size as here-
tofore, I, according to my present Invention, form the upper one smaller than the
lower ono, and cause the air entering the lantern to pass between the lower
deflecting plate and the reservoir, thence up through an opening surrounding the
collar or dip tube to the space botween the two deflecting plates, the upper one of
which is sealed around the burner so as to cause the air to pass underneath such
upper deflecting plate to the outer edge thereof where it escapes in to the body of
the lantern and supplies air to the burner, thereby preventing too great a draft
being directed from any side to the burner. I also connect the upper deflector to
the lower by insulating connections, and in cases where the deflecting plates are
rigidly fixed to the reservoir I interpose a ring of leather or other non conducting
material underneath the upper deflector, which is made to rest on and is held down
to the dip tube by the connections aforesaid, and in such cases the upper deflector
is made to carry the collar to receive the burner. I also, under the upper deflector
fix a number of projections or strips, preferably parallel or concentric with the
outer edge of the deflector to act as distributors or equilizers of the air passing
between the deflectors, and I, apply similar equilizers or distributors to the under
side of the reservoir, either fixed to such reservoir or to the bottom of the lantern
or lamp casing in that class of lamps in which the reservoir is raised a short
distance above the bottom of the lantern or lamp casing, and is provided with air
tubes passing entirely through the reservoir, so as to lead a portion of the air to the
underside of a deflector fixed over the top of the reservoir from which the said air
passes to the outer edge of the deflector before passing into the body of the lamp to
support combustion.
These distributors or equilizers may also be applied in a somewhat similar
manner to various other forms of lamps.
In signal lamps, in order to prevent the wind blowing down direct into the
lamp and putting out the flame when placed in the lantern or outer case, and the
hinged cover raised, I form the hinged cover double, one part being hinged as
usual, the other part being mounted and operated so as to permit of a certain
amount of independent motion being given thereto in a horizontal direction instead
of in a slanting direction as heretofore by a lever connected with the handle, or by
other suitable means. Thus, on placing the lamp into the lantern, the handle on
being depressed or on falling raises the upper part of the cover in a parallel
direction, leaving the lower part in its normal position, whilst when desired, the
entire cover can be turned back on the hinge joint to permit access to the interior
of the lamp. The lower or hinged part of the cover remains below the top of the
surrounding wind guard, and is formed with a hole in its centre through which the
operating lever works.
In order to give the required supply of oil to reading and other lamps, and to
obviate the necessity for the removal of the inner portion of the oil cistern as
heretofore, I apply to the cistern an improved arrangement whereby a regulated
supply of oil will be supplied to the well of the burner as required.
For this purpose I connect a float resting on the surface of the oil by a central rod,
to a cup or thimble working in an annular space between two concentric tubes
connected together at their upper ends, and carried by the bottom of the oil cistern
and forming with the cup or thimble an adjustable syphon or trap. Wicks of wire
or other material extend from the bottom of the oil cistern over the concentric
tubes to the interior of the cup or thimble, and maintain the supply of oil thereto
by capillary attraction, even when the oil is low in the cistern.

page_text: The oil is conducted by a tube to the well of the burner, which is formed around
the wick tube, and is closed at the upper end, so as to cause the air contained
therein to be trapped, and thereby to apply a force under the bottom of the oil
cistern, by which means as the oil is consumed, and the pressure of the air is
thereby reduced, a supply is permitted to descend from the cistern as required.
This arrangement for giving a regulated supply is applicable to various forms of
lamps. The reservoir may be filled while the lamp is burning through an opening
in the top provided with a screwed cover.
In lamp stoves provided with an oven with two chimneys passing therethrough
at opposite sides or ends thereof, and provided with two separate oil tanks and
burners acting with such chimneys, I place at one side of the oven a boiler, and
in order to heat the said boiler, I provide one of the oil tanks with a second burner
situated underneath the boiler, and I place the boiler a short distance from the sido
of one of the chimneys, and one side of said chimney is continued completely across
the oven. I also employ in connection with such boiler a slide or damper, which,
by a suitable handle, can be moved so as to permit of the products of combustion of
the extra burner passing from the underside of the boiler up the side thereof to the
top of the oven and boiler, where the products of combustion may act to heat any
vessel placed above the boiler, and thence pass away to the outlet, or such slide or
damper can be moved, so that when the boiler is not required, the air required to
supply the extra burner is shut off, and thereby prevented from cooling the oven.
When employing lamp stoves in combination with warming apparatus, such as
forcing frames in exposed situations, I form such forcing frame with a space
beneath the water tank, and I place the lamp stove within such space with the
sides of the stove rising nearly to the bottom of the tank, and I arrange the inlet
and outlet passages of the lamp stove near to each other, in order that any wind or
gust of air may, by acting equally upon both inlet and outlet be prevented from
blowing out the flame. This I effect by raising the oil tank a suitable distance
above the bottom of the lamp stove, and by forming perforations or openings leading
the outer air into the space above the bottom of the oil tank and underneath the
cone plate, whilst openings or passages lead the products of combustion from the
space under the water tank into the space under the oil tank, whence they can
escape by the outlet openings before mentioned.
It will be evident that the inlet and outlet openings may be otherwise arranged,
so long as they are brought near together for the purpose explained.
For stoves for warming a room, I, in order to obtain heat as low down as possible
and to give a cheerful appearance, form the stove with an open front, and apply
reflectors to the back, sides, and top and bottom thereof, or to either or any of them.
I slide the oil tank and burner in at the side of the stove below the bottom
reflector, and seal it against the improper admission of air in any convenient
manner. The flame from the burner rises through an aperture in the bottom
reflector, and a glass chimney of any suitable form or construction, and either of
plain or coloured glass, or partly of both, is slidden in with or on to the bottom
reflector. An aperture, preferably of smaller size than the chimney, is made in the
top plate to ensure a steady flame. By these means the flame is reflected from all
sides.
The glass chimney may have the back thereof formed with a reflector, and the
reflector at the back of the stove may, in such case, be dispensed with, and if
desired, mica may be partly substituted for the glass.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed. by
the said Edward Alexander Rippingille in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 19th August 1879.
EDWARD ALEXANDER RIPPINGILLE, of Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, and
of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS AND
LAMP STOVES, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF SUCH DESCRIPTION OF STOVES."
My Invention relates, firstly, to that class of burner for lamps and lamp stoves
known as the "no chimney burner" or " chimneyless burner," and consists in in-
sulating the cones from the wick tube, or in so arranging and constructing the parts
as to prevent the communication of too much heat from the cones to the wick tube
and consequently to the reservoir, or from the burner to the reservoir, and also to
ensure a greater supply of air to the flame.
This part of my Invention is represented at Figures 1 to 7, of which Figure 1 is
a vertical section; Figure 2 is an underside view, and Figure 3 is a plan or top
view partly in section of a burner constructed according to this part of my Invention.
Figure 4 is a vertical section, and Figure 5 is an underside view with the wick tube
removed of a similar burner to that shown in the previous Figures except that the
parts for supporting the cones in correct position are different, and Figure 6 is a
vertical section, and Figure 7 is an underside view of another burner having the
bases of the two cones nearly on a level and otherwise modified. a is the wick
tube; b is a cover surrounding the wick tube; c is the inner cone, and d is the
outer cone. According to this part of my Invention I extend the base of the inner
cone c below the base of the outer cone & and flare outwards the base of the inner
cone c, as represented at Figures 1 to 5, so as to cause it to collect a larger quantity
of air and pass it to the burner than has heretofore been the case with burners
hitherto in uso; or the bases of the two cones may be on a level or nearly so, as
represented at Figures 6 and 7, but in either case I form the lower part of the inner
cone c parallel or concentric with the lower part of the outer cone d and preferably
continuous or but slightly perforated so as to leave an annular air space e between
the two, with an extended metallic surface to the inner cone which serves to heat
the air at such part and thereby to increase the draft between the two cones.
The inner cone I also form with a slot c¹ on each side of the central slot and
parallel or nearly so thereto in lieu of the ordinary round holes, and I depress the
outer edges of the bars c³ thus formed on each side of the central slot so as to cause
a part of the air passing through the cone to be directed against the flame.
Projections from the base of either cone, preferably from the cone c, as shown,
serve to connect the two cones together by rivetting at such parts, and also to
connect the fittings c, c, see Figures 4 and 5, by which the cones are adjusted in
position on the wick tube, or on a tube or cover b, or projections connected there-
with. These fittings may according to my Invention be either formed so as to
present only thin edges of contact, as shown at Figures 4 and 5, or they may be
connected by insulating connections to the cones, as represented at Figures 6 and 7,
in which latter case a tube or fitting c fitting the cover b is provided with arms c
passing into sockets c³ rivetted to the cones, suitable insulating material being
interposed between the arms c' and the sockets c to prevent the communication of
heat from the cones to the wick tube; or, as shown at Figures 1, 2, and 3, the
cover b may have fixed thereto arms or fittings c¹ on which the cones are caused to
rest, such parts c¹0 being received in a suitable recesses formed in the inner cone, such
recesses being by preference the inner faces of the projections c³.
The cones c are perforated, as shown at c³, but they are preferably continuous or
only slightly perforated at their lower part.
When applying the above description of burners to lamps for lanterns I mount
as heretofore over the reservoir two deflecting plates at a short distance from each
other and from the reservoir, which plates may be either flat as represented at

page_text: Figures 14 and 15, or inverted dish shaped, as shown at Figures 8, 9, 10, and 11
but instead of making both of these deflecting plates of equal size, as described in
the Specification of my Patent No. 1003 of the year 1877, I, according to my
present Invention, and as represented at Figures 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, and 15, form
the upper deflecting plate ƒ smaller than the lower one g, and cause the air
entering the lantern to pass between the lower deflecting plate and the
reservoir h, thence up through an opening surrounding the collar or dip tube ¹
to the space between the two deflecting plates, the upper one ƒ of which is
sealed around the burner so as to cause the air to pass underneath such upper
deflecting plate to the outer edge thereof, where it escapes into the body of the
lantern and supplies air to the burner, thereby preventing too great a draft being
directed upon the flame from any one side to the burner. I also connect the upper
deflector to the lower by insulating connections f¹ of a similar character to those
described with respect to Figures 6 and 7 for insulating the cones from the wick
tube, and in cases where, as represented at Figures 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12, the deflecting
plates f, g, are rigidly fixed to the reservoir I interpose a ring of leather f² or other
non-conducting material underneath the upper deflector, which is made to rest on
and is held down to the dip tubo by the connections f¹, and in such cases the
deflector is made to carry the collar f³ to receive the burner, such collar fs being
caused to descend a short distance into but clear of the dip tube /¹, as shown.
also, under the upper deflector f fix a number of projections or strips f*, preferably
parallel or concentric with the outer edge of the deflector to act as distributors or
equalizes of the air passing between the deflectors into the body of the lantern, and
as shown at Figures 12 and 13, I apply similar equalizes or distributors h² to the
underside of the reservoir h, either fixed to such reservoir or to the bottom of the
lantern or lamp casing in that class of lamps in which the roservoir is raised a short
distance above the bottom of the lantern or lamp casing, and is provided with air
tubes passing entirely through the reservoir / so as to lead a portion of the air to
the underside of a deflector f fixed over the top of the reservoir from which the said
air passes to the outer edge of the deflector before passing into the body of the lamp
to support combustion, and I fix to the underside of this deflector equalizers or
distributors, as before described.
upper
These equalizers or distributors may also be applied in a somewhat similar inanner
to various other forms of lamps. In the arrangement shown at Figures 14 and 15
the collar and washer fare dispensed with, and the burner is fixed to the upper
deflecting plate by insulated connections whilst the deflecting plates are connected
together and hinged to the reservoir and supported thereon in proper position by
legs and by resting on the cover b, as shown.
This construction and arrangement of deflecting plates f, g, and equalizers or
distributors ƒ is shown applied to the stoves represented at Figures 20, 21,
and 22.
The signal lamps in order to prevent the wind blowing down direct into the
lamp and putting out the flame when placed in the lantern or outer case, and the
hinged cover raised, I adopt the following arrangement as represented at Figures 14
and 15-I forn the hinged cover double, one part i being hinged as usual to the
wind guard j, the other part being mounted as shown on the part i, or in other
convenient manner, so as to permit of a certain amount of independent motion
being given thereto in a horizontal direction instead of in a slanting direction as
heretofore, by means of a lever k¹ connected with the handle k or by other suitable
means.
Thus on placing the lamp into the lantern the handle k on being depressed or on
falling into the position shown in the Drawings raises the upper part of the cover
in a parallel direction, leaving the lower part i in its normal position whilst, when
desired, the entire cover i, i, can be turned back on the hinge joint i³ to permit
access to the interior of the lamp head. The lower or hinged part i of the cover
remains when in use below the top of the surrounding wind guard j, and is
formed as shown with a hole in its centro through which the operating lever k³ works,

page_text: С
In order to give the required supply of oil to reading and other lamps, and to
obviate the necessity for the removal of the inner portion of the oil cistern when
supplying oil thereto as heretefore, I apply to the cistern and improved arrangement
whereby a regulated supply of oil will be supplied to the well of the burner as
required.
This part of my Invention is shown in vertical section at Figure 16, and in plan
at Figure 17. For this purposo I connect a float resting on the surface of the
oil in the reservoir m by a central rod ¹ to a cup or thimble which works in
an annular space between two concentric tubes m³, m³, connected together by a
continuous ring m³ at their upper ends and carried by the bottom of the oil cistern
m and forming with the cup or thimble an adjustable syphon or trap. Wicks of
wire or other material resting at one end on the bottom of the oil cistern m extend
over the concentric tubes m³, m³, to the interior of the cup or thimble 1 and
maintain the supply of oil thereto by capillary attraction even when the oil is low
in the cistern, that is to say, below the top of the tubes m', m³, but when the oil is
above the tops of such tubes m³, m³, it passes directly into such cup or thimble 1.
The oil is conducted by a tube n to the well o of the burner which well is formed
around the wick tube a, and is closed. at the upper end as shown, so as to cause the
air contained therein to be trapped, and thereby to apply a force under the bottom
of the oil cistern m by which means as the oil is consumed and the pressure of the
air in the well o and tube n is thereby reduced, a supply of oil is permitted to
descend from the cistern m as required.
The float and trap may however be modified in form to suit different shaped oil
containers or for other reasons.
'
This arrangement for giving a regulated supply of oil to the burner is applicable
to various forms of lamps. The reservoir may be filled while the lamp is burning
through an opening in the top provided with a screwed cover m¹.
My Invention also relatos to improvements in that class of lamp stoves which are
provided with an oven with two chimneys passing therethrough, one at cach
opposite side or end thereof, and which are provided with two separate oil tanks
and burners acting in combination with such chimneys.
This part of my Invention is represented at Figure 18 which is a vertical section
of parts of such a stove. According to my Invention I place at one side of the
oven p a boiler q, and in order to heat the said boiler I provide one of the oil
tanks with a second burner 7l situated underneath the boiler q a short distance
from the side of one of the chimneys 8, and one side t¹ of the chimney t of such
second burner is continued completely across the oven. I also employ in connec-
tion with such boiler a slide or damper 2 which by a suitable handle t³ can be
moved so as to permit of the products of combustion of the extra burner passing
from the underside of the boiler q up the side q¹ thereof to the top of the oven p
and boiler q, where the products of combustion may act to heat any vessel placed
above the boiler and thence pass away to the outlet; or such slide or damper t³ can
be moved into the position shown in the Drawing, so that when the boiler q is not
required the air required to supply the extra burner is shut off and thereby
prevented from cooling the oven. It is evident that this part of my Invention is
also applicable to stoves provided with an oven through which only one chimney is
passed.
When employing lamp stoves in combination with warming apparatus, such as
forcing frames in exposed situations, I employ the arrangements represented in
Figures 19, 20, 21, and 22, in which cases I form the forcing frame with a space u¹
beneath the water tank u, and I place the lamp stove within such space with the
sides of the stove rising nearly to the bottom of the tank u, and I arrange the inlet
passages and the outlet passages v³ of the lamp stove near to each other in order
that any wind or gust of air may by acting equally upon both inlet and outlet be
prevented from blowing out the flame. This I effect by raising the oil tank wa
suitable distance above the bottom of the lamp stove, and by forming perforations
ar openings ™ª leading the outer air into the space above the bottom of the oil

page_text: tank w and underneath the cone plate whilst openings or passages lead the
products of combustion from the space under the water tank into the space w
under the oil tank, whence they can escape by the outlet openings v³ before
mentioned.
At Figures 19 and 20 I have shown a front view and a cross section of a forcing
frame in which the lamp stove is passed into an opening in the front of the frame,
and the products of combustion and heated air after circulating underneath the
entire length of the water tank u pass away by the passages v².
At Figure 21 I have represented portions of a longitudinal section of a forcing
frame in which the lamp stove is passed into an opening at the end of the space u'
underneath the water tank u, and the products of combustion and heated air are
caused to traverse the flue u² in close proximity with the bottom of the water tank u,
whence they pass into the space u¹ and away by the passages into the outer air.
At Figure 22 I have represented parts of a cross section of a forcing frame in which
the products of combustion and heated air are caused to pass away by the flue * to
the outer air, and the air to support combustion is caused to pass through the
tube to the space underneath the cone plate or deflector.
In all these cases the frames (not shown) containing the plants or seeds are placed
immediately above the water tank u as will be well understood. It will be evident
that the inlet and outlet openings may be otherwise arranged so long as they are
brought near together for the purpose explained. My Invention also relates to
improvements in stoves for warming rooms and other places. This part of my In-
vention is represented in cross section at Figure 23, and in front view at Figure 24,
and consists in means for obtaining heat as low down as possible, and for giving a
cheerful appearance to the stove.
For this purpose I form the stove with an open front and apply reflectors to the
back, sides ¹, and top ³, and bottom a³ thereof, or to cither or any of them. I
slide the oil tank and burner in at the side of the stove below the bottom reflector ³
and seal it against the improper admission of air in any convenient manner, preferring
the arrangements already patented by me.
The flame from the burner rises through an aperture in the bottom reflector
and a glass chimney 5 of any suitable form or construction, and either of plain or
colored glass or partly of both, is slidden in with or on to the bottom reflector and
with the top reffector x. As shown in the Drawings the glass chimney ³ and the
top reflector x³, bottom reflector ³, and back reflector x are connected together and
therefore slide into and out of position at the same time. An aperture y¹ preferably
of smaller size than the chimney is made in the top plate to ensure a steady flame.
By these means the flame is reflected from all sides.
The glass chimney may have the back thereof formed with a reflector, as shown,
in which case a reflector at the back of the stove may be dispensed with, or the
back reflector may be permanently fixed to the back of the stovo, in which case
the back of the chimney must be formed of transparent material or be entirely
omitted.
If desired mica may be partly substituted for the glass, and the lower part of
the chimney may be flared or extended outwards if desired.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the mode in
which I carry the same into effect, I would have it understood that what I claim
is,-
Firstly. In that class of burner known as the "no chimney burner" or "chimney-
less burner," the improved construction and arrangement of the inner and outer
cones and the mode of supporting the same entirely by knife edge fittings or by
insulated connections, substantially as and for the purpose herein shown and
described.
Secondly. I claim the improved construction and arrangement of the deflecting
plates and g above the reservoirs of lamps and insulating the plate 'f, substan-
tially as and for the purpose herein shown and described.

page_text: Thirdly. I claim fixing to the underside of the upper deflector, where two are
used, or to the underside of the deflector where only one is used, air distributors
or equalizers f, in manner and for the purpose substantially as herein shown
and described.
Fourthly. I claim applying air distributors or equalizers h³ to the underside of
the reservoir of lamps in which the reservoir is raised above the bottom, in manner
and for the purpose substantially as herein shown and described.
Fifthly. I claim in signal lamps forming the hinged cover of two parts moveable
the one on the other, and mounting and operating the same in manner and for the
purpose substantially as herein shown and described.
Sixthly. I claim the mode of regulating the supply of oil to the well of
reading and other lamps, substantially as and for the purpose herein shown and
described.
Seventhly. I claim in that description of lamp stove in which one or more
chimneys pass through an oven, applying a boiler at one side of such oven combined
with an additional burner to the reservoir, or to one of the reservoirs, and a separate
flue for the same, constructed and operating substantially as and for the purpose
herein shown and described.
Eighthly. I claim the peculiar modes of applying lamp stoves to forcing frames or
heating apparatus, substantially as and for the purpose herein shown and described,
and,
Ninthly. I claim the peculiar construction of warming stove substantially as
and for the purpose shown and described with reference to Figures 23 and 24.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Alexander Rippingille, have hercunto
set my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.
n AT DVDR DIDDINANTTI B
En ATVDR DIDDINGIT T
(L.S.)