Improved Apparatus for Cremating House Dust and like Refuse on New Sanitary Principles.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 13th June, 1891
Complete Specification Left, 29th Dec., 1891- Accepted, 30th Jan., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Apparatus for Cremating House Dust and like Refuse
on New Sanitary Principles.
I, FOUNTAIN LIVET, of 67 Finsbury Pavement, in the City of London, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has for object, the cremation of house dust and like refuse, by
special means and apparatus in order to prevent unpleasant smells which by the
present system pollute the air in the immediate neighbourhood of the works, it
also prevents the escape of powdery particles, which under the present forced-
draught arrangements, fall within a limited area of the works according to the
strength and direction of the wind and the weight of such particles.
For the purpose of my invention, I construct a furnace with horizontal recipro-
cating fire bars, and with vertical fire bars in front, behind which the refuse dust
is fed by a hopper (inverted) from a desired level, said hopper being provided
with a feeder and regulator, by which the bars are supplied with the fuel
(rubbish).
The fuel as consumed or cremated is gradually shifted by the reciprocating
action of the horizontal bars to the back and falls into an ash pit in front of the
bridge, the products of combustion. with the fine light particles pass over the bridge
and then become separated, the fine particles depositing themselves according to
their gravity due to the distance they are carried by the draught (which is a
natural one, and not forced) for after collection. Most of said particles will
however fall into a pit in the flue way, the roof of which flue is a flat ellipse to
ensure a spread out travel of the products of combustion.
The front vertically set bars before referred to have wings or webs of such
depth as will give a highly heated state to the inflowing air for passing over the
fuel and assisting rapid combustion in conjunction with the air entering and passing
through the fuel from the front ash pit due to the constant agitation of the fuel
by its backward travel.
The furnace may have a boiler for raising steam to work the feeders in the
hopper and also for working the horizontal bars and where a number of such
furnaces are contiguous all the flues may lead to a common chimney stack.
Behind the fire box and from the bridge of the furnaces commences a large
expansion cr grit chamber extending to the entrance of the first portion of the
expanding flue. The top of the first portion of this expansion chamber is the
continuation of the same arch as that of the fire box and the enlarged portion of it
at the back forms a semi-arch at its top abutting at right angles against the
former, and this semi-arch is similar in shape to the half part of a dome and
abutting also against the top of the first portion of the expanding flue. The said
pit chamber is closed on one side and open on the other so as to form an entrance
into the first portion of the said expanding flue, the bottom of this pit chamber to
be below the inverted arch of the flue so as to contain a storage of grit or ash
arising from combustion, so that it may not interfere with the evolution of the
gases in their course from the furnaces to the chimney shaft in reducing the flue
area by accumulating therein.
The first portion of expanding flue runs from the first expansion chamber
towards the front of the furnace up to the second expansion chamber. Both top
and bottom of this first portion of flue are arched. The second expansion or pit
chamber is constructed under the ash pit of the furnace and runs across the two
side flues which emerge to and from it.

page_text: The second and succeeding portion of flue running parallel to the previous one
described but towards the back of the furnace is larger in sectional area than the
former portion with similar arches as the former one at top and bottom.
At the second portion of this flue and close to its exit into the collecting flue
leading to the chimney stack is to be fitted a door damper and a third pit chamber
is to be established in the second portion of flue close to and before the said
damper.
1
H. GARDNER,
Patent Agent, 166, Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the said Fountain Livet.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Apparatus for Cremating House Dust and like Refuse
on New Sanitary Principles.
I FOUNTAIN LIVET of 67 Finsbury Pavement, in the City of London, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This invention has for object the cremation of house dust and like refuse by
special means and apparatus in order to prevent unpleasant smells which by the
present system pollute the air in the immediate neighbourhood of the works, it
also prevents the escape of powdery particles which fall within a limited area of
the works according to the strength and direction of the wind and the weight of
such particles.
For the purpose of my invention I construct with horizontally reciprocating fire
bars and with vertical fire bars in front, behind which the refuse dust fed by a
hopper (inverted) from a desired level, said hopper being provided with a feeder
and regulator, by which the movable bars are supplied with the fuel (rubbish).
The fuel as consumed or cremated is gradually shifted by the reciprocating
action of the horizontal bars to the back and falls into an ash pit in front of the
bridge, the products of combustion with the fine light particles pass over the bridge
and then become separated, the fine particles depositing themselves according to
their gravity due to the distance they are carried by the draught (which is a
natural one and not forced) for after collection. Most of said particles will
however fall into a pit in the flue way in the roof which flue is a flat ellipse to
ensure a spread out travel of the products of combustion.
The front vertically set bars before referred to have wings or webs of such
depth as will give a highly heated state to the inflowing air for passing over the
fuel and assisting rapid combustion in conjunction with the air entering and passing
to the fuel through side gratings from the front ash pit, due to the constant
agitation of the fuel by its backward travel.
The furnace may have a boiler for raising steam to work; the feeders in the
hopper and also for working the horizontal bars and where a number of such
furnaces are contiguous all the flues may lead to a common chimney stack.
Behind the fire box and from the bridge of the furnaces commences a large
expansion or grit chamber extending to the entrance of the first portion of the
expanding flue. The top of the first portion of this expansion chamber is the
continuation of the same arch as that of the fire box and the enlarged portion of it
at the back forms a semi-arch at its top abutting at right angles against the
former; this semi-arch is similar in shape to the half part of a dome and abutting
also against the top of the first portion of the expanding flue. The said pit chamber
is closed on one side and open on the other so as to form an entrance into the first
portion of the said expanding flue, the bottom of this pit chamber to be below the
inverted arch of the flue so as to contain a storage of grit or ash arising from

page_text: combustion so that it may not interfere with the evolution of the gases in their
course from the furnace to the chimney shaft in reducing the flue area by
accumulating therein.
The first portion of the expanding flue runs from the first expansion chamber
towards the front of the furnace up to the second expansion chamber.
Both top
and bottom of this first portion of flue are arched. The second expansion or pit
chamber is constructed under the ashpit of the furnace and runs across the two side
flues which emerge to and from it.
The second and succeeding portion of flue running parallel to the previous one
described but towards the back of the furnace is larger in sectional area than the
former portion with similar arches as the former at top and bottom.
At the second portion of this flue and close to its exit into the collecting flue
leading to the chimney stack is to be fitted a door damper and a third pit chamber
is to be established in the second portion of flue close to and before the said
damper.
My invention is shewn in the annexed drawings.
Figure 1, sectional plan of the general arrangement of flue of destructor and
showing the setting of the boilers.
Figure 2, longitudinal section through the destructor furnaces.
Figure 3, longitudinal section of boiler setting.
Figure 4, two cross sections of destructor, one through second expansion chamber,
showing how the draught from the first return flue gets into the second return flue,
the other section is behind this expansion chamber, showing the return flues and
furnace chamber.
Figure 5, front elevation of the arrangement.
Figure 6, sectional elevation in perspective showing movable bars and side
grating (fixed in cast iron boxes S¹) in side walls.
A (Figures 1 and 5) is the chimney.
B, B, (Figures 1, 2 and 3) the collecting flues leading to chimney.
C, C, (Figures 1, 3 and 5) two small boilers for the purpose of supplying steam
to drive the engine D Figures 1 and 5.
E, E, (Figures 1, 2 and 6), the movable grates.
F, F, (Figures 2 and 5) the fixed vertical grate bars.
G, G, (Figures 2 and 5) the shoots or hoppers down which the refuse and dust
fall on to the movable grates where it is consumed.
H, H. (Figures 1, 2 and 3) the first expansion or pit chamber where the dust or
grit after burning acccumulates.
I, I, (Figures 1 and 4) the first return flues.
J, J, (Figures 1 and 4) the second return flues.
K, K, (Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4) second expansion chamber which connects first and
second return flues.
L, L, (Figures 1, 2 and 5) shafting driven from the engine which in turn drives
the movable bars.
M, M, (Figure 2) screw for checking feed of refuse down shoot.
N, N, (Figure 2) soot doors for cleaning purposes.
0, 0, (Figures 1, 2 and 4) furnace bridges.
P, P, (Figures 2, 3 and 4) concrete and wrought iron joist flooring paved with
wood where the dust or refuse is deposited.
R, R, (Figure 2) pit behind furnace bars where any clinkers that are formed
fall.
S, S, (Figure 2) suitable doors to remove clinkers.
T, T, (Figure 2) air space over bridge.
The action is as follows:-
The refuse is shot out of the carts on to the floor P (which is level with roadway,
or an incline is provided if above the roadway), it is then shovelled into the
shoot G, (one of which is provided for each furnace) and falls upon the movable
bars E, to be consumed. The draught of air to burn this passes through the

page_text: vertical grates F as also the movable bars E, and the gases pass over the furnace
bridge O into the expansion or pit chamber H, it then turns along the first return
flue I and dips under the furnace through the second expansion chamber K and
then along the second return flue J through the damper in the main or collecting
flue B and then passes out of the chimney A. The fuel (refuse) is shifted along
by the action of the movable bars and the clinkers as they form are broken up by
the action of the movable bars and fall over the ends of the bars into the pit R.
A door S can be opened by a chain and the clinkers be readily removed through
the pit.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is :-
--
1. The arrangement of "destructor" furnace shown on the annexed drawings for
cremating house and like refuse.
2. The system of supplying house and like refuse to a furnace provided with
fixed front bars and with movable horizontal bars as described with reference
to the annexed drawings for cremation of refuse.
3. In a cremating furnace for house and like refuse the formation of a dust
receptacle between the back end of the movable furnace bars and the bridge as
set forth.
4. In a cremating furnace for house and like refuse, in conjunction with front
vertical bars and horizontal movable bars the side heated air supply boxes and
gratings as set forth.
Dated this 23rd day of Decemb...
H. GARDNER,
Patent Agent, 166, Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the said F. Livet.