improvements in Turning Lathes.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 18th May, 1899
Complete Specification Left, 8th Jan., 1900-Accepted, 14th Apr., 1900
improvements in Turning Lathes.
I, FERDINAND GIRARD, of 25, Rue Bolivar, Paris, in the Republic of France,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:---
This invention has for its object an automatic turning lathe in which, in con-
tradistinction to lathes as usually constructed where the bar or the like to be
worked turns in front of the tool, the bar does not turn and is worked succes-
sively or simultaneously by means of tools rotating around it or having simul-
taneously a straight line movement radiating towards the centre of the bar. and
an amplitude of movement regulated so as to give the predetermined diameter
to the turned work.
According to the invention the machine is constructed of a frame carrying two
supports or bearings in which there turns a shaft to which is keyed a pinion
gearing with a wheel keyed upon a cam shaft adapted to rotate in suitable
bearings.
Upon the frame there rests a second frame carrying the feed mechanism;
upon this second frame there slides, parallel to the bar to be turned, a carriage
actuated by means of a lever, the end of which is provided with a roller engaging
in a groove in a feed cam.
The said carriage lever is pivoted to the end of a lever connected at its other
end to a fixed part of the frame.
The fulcrum which connects the two levers can be adjusted by means of a slot
in the carriage lever whereby the extent of movement of the carriage can be
regulated.
A second cam mounted upon the cam shaft actuates a lever which is strongly
applied, through the medium of a roller, upon a bearing directly in contact with
the bar to be turned so as to clamp it against the carriage during the feed
movement.
The second frame has fixed upon it a mandrel designed to clamp the bar during.
the turning operation; this mandrel is provided with jaws which are held in a
collar or strap formed on one end of a lever, the other end of which bears a weight
and is adapted to be actuated by a cam.
The tool carrier comprises a head-stock or poppet having two smooth bearing.
surfaces or bearing surfaces provided with ball bearings for avoiding friction
generated at high velocities. In this poppet, the axis of which should be
arranged in alignment with that of the bar to be worked, turns a hollow shaft
through which extend tubes sliding with slight friction one in the other tele-
scopically.
I will suppose by way of example that there are three of these tubes all being
caused to take part in the rotary motion of the shaft by means of a key, but
being rendered independent of one another axially through the medium of slots
in which the key engages. Upon the end of the shaft and opposite the mandrel
there is keyed a carrier-plate connected to the shaft by means of three arms and
a boss so as to leave a space between the shaft and the plate.

page_text: The ends of the telescopic tubes open into this space and are formed with
expansions or the like upon which are fixed three pivots, the object of which is
hereinafter explained.
To enable the tubes to operate over one another at their expanded ends, suit-
able means for disengagement are formed therein. On the opposite side of the
plate the tubes are of unequal lengths, the tube of largest diameter being the
shortest and the tube of smallest diameter being the longest, so that they can
receive sleeves which engage respectively in the jaws of levers, the other ends
of which carry rollers engaging in the grooves of suitable cams.
surface of the plate there are arranged three carriages sliding in grooves formed
in the thickness of the said plate and opposite the arms of the plate.
On the outer
In the thickness of each of the arms of the plate there are fitted levers having
three arms and oscillating upon pivots. The end of each of these levers engages
in a recess in the corresponding carriage allowing a certain amount of oscilla-
tion. The extremity of each lever carries a weight designed to equilibrate, during
the rotation of the plate, the centrifugal force to which the carriage directly
opposite it is subjected and also to compensate as far as possible for the disturbing
effects caused by the displacement of the centre of gravity of the carriage with
respect to the axis of rotation of the system. The third arm of each of the levers
is formed at its end with a jaw and is connected to one of the telescopic tubes by
means of the aforementioned pivot.
It will be obvious that any oscillating movement of the last mentioned levers
is transmitted to the carriages and communicates to them the radiating motion
above mentioned during the rotation of the plate.
I can provide a tube to extend through the inside of the central telescopic tube,
the said tube being quite independent and only having a longitudinal movement
imparted to it by means of a lever actuated by a cam and connected to the said
tube by a rod. This tube advances upon the end of the bar turned by the tools
before the said worked part is detached from the bar; the different rods thus
formed successively and separated from one another are pushed into the interior
of the tube and fall through the end thereof completely separated from turnings.
In a modified arrangement I employ a screwing device actuated as follows:
the driving shaft carries a toothed wheel gearing with an intermediate wheel
which actuates a pinion keyed upon a second shaft: this second shaft is provided
with a clutch sleeve continuously moving in one direction. On each side of this
sleeve and turning loosely in an arm I provide two pinions of unequal diameters,
the larger of which gears directly with a double pinion sleeve actuating the
spindle of the screwing device by means of a key: the smaller pinion gears with
an intermediate pinion which meshes with the double pinion socket sleeve. Upon
the spindle of the screwing device there is fixed a die which turns in a nut. The
clutch sleeve is actuated by a lever operated in one direction by a cam keyed upon
the cam shaft and in the other direction by a spiral spring.
When the said spring acts upon the lever of the sleeve a slow movement in a
predetermined direction is communicated to the spindle of the screwing device
until the cam coming into operation disengages the sleeve and engages it imme-
diately with the larger pinion whereby the direction of movement of the shaft
is reversed and a quick return is effected.
Dated this 18th day of Now 1800
G. F. REDFERN & Co,
4, South Street, Finsbury, Iondon,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: and opposite the mandrel y there is keyed a carrier-plate 11 connected to the
shaft by means of three arms 12 and a boss 13 cast together so as to leave a space
between the shaft 6 and the plate 11.
The ends of the tubes 7, 8 and 9 open into this space and are formed with
expansions upon which are fixed three pivots 14, the object of which is herein-
after explained.
To enable the tubes 7, 8 and 9 to operate over one another at their expanded
ends, suitable means for disengagement are formed therein.
On the opposite side of the plate 11 the tubes 7, 8 and 9 are of unequal lengths,
the tube of largest diameter being the shortest and the tube of smallest diameter
being the longest so that they can receive sleeves 15 which engage respectively in
the jaws of the levers 16, 17 and 18, the other ends of which carry rollers 19
engaging in grooves in suitable cams 20, 21 and 22. On the outer surface of the
plate 11 there are arranged three carriages 23 sliding in grooves formed in the
thickness of the said plate and opposite the arms 12 of the plate.
In the thickness of each of the arms 12 of the plate there are fitted levers 24
having three arms and oscillating upon pivots 25. The end 26 of each of these
levers 24 engages in a recess in the corresponding carriage 23 allowing a certain
amount of oscillation. The extremity 27 of each lever 24 carries a weight
designed to equilibrate, during the rotation of the said plate 11, the centrifugal
force to which the carriage 23 directly opposite it is subjected and also to com-
pensate as far as possible for the disturbing effects caused by the displacement
of the centre of gravity of the carriages 23 with respect to the axis of rotation of
the system. The third arm 28 of each of the levers 24 is formed at its end with
a jaw and is connected to one of the tubes 7, 8 and 9 by means of the pivot 14
above mentioned which is fixed to it.
It will be obvious that any oscillating movement of the levers 16, 17 and 18 is
transmitted to the carriages 23 and communicates to them the radiating motion
above mentioned during the rotation of the plate 11.
I can provide a tube 29 to extend through the inside of the central tube 9, the
said tube being quite independent and only having a longitudinal movement
imparted to it by means of a lever 30 actuated by a cam 31 and connected to the
tube 29 by the rod 32. This tube advances upon the end of the bar i turned by
the tools before the said worked part is detached from the bar; the different rods
thus formed successively and separated from one another are pushed into the
interior of the tube 29 and fall through the end thereof completely separated from
turnings.
The operation of this lathe is as follows:-
Suppose that the bar has just been worked, the jaws z separate by reason of
the movement of the eccentric 1 carried by the lever 2, the cam 4 then coming
into position to lift the said lever 2. The bar i, being no longer held, is then able
to advance and this action is caused as follows: The cam o acting upon the
lever has drawn back the carriage j; the cam s then acting with its portion of
larger diameter beneath the roller of the levert causes the other end which carries
the roller to be lowered on to the bearing a which in turn clamps the bar i.
The cam then again acting upon the lever k, but in the opposite direction,
causes the carriage to advance and, with it, the bearing which firmly holds
the bar i, so that the said bar i advances with the carriage j. It will be observed
that during this forward movement of the carriage upon the frame h the bearing.c
is always firmly pressed by the roller of the levert actuated by the cam s; this
arrangement allows the carriage to move the bar forward whilst keeping it locked
in a clamp which moves underneath a bearing point having a fixed position but
capable of turning. When the bar a has thus moved forward the cam 4 ceases
to act upon the eccentric collar of the jaws z, and the weight 3 coming into action,
the bar is again clamped near the point where the tools operate upon it, and the
cam s, shortly after, releases the pressure lever t in order that the bearing may
no longer hold the bar when the carriage is to be moved back for a fresh feed.

page_text: When the bar i is clamped the cams 20, 21 and 22 come successively into action
one after the other, following the position in which they are fixed upon the
shaft f, to push the corresponding tubes 7, 8 and 9 to which are connected
the carriages 23 bearing the tools which are to operate upon the bar. When the
last tool has almost ceased to operate, the cam 31 pushes the tube 29 in which
engages the turned piece, before it is detached from the bar; this piece is after-
wards detached and the jaws z separate for a fresh feed or advance of the bar to
be operated upon.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:―
1. A turning lathe in which the bar or the like to be worked remains stationary
and is subjected to the action of tools turning around it, the said bar being ad-
vanced by feed mechanism comprising devices which clamp it during its forward
movement, and being then held during the turning operations by radial jaws,
the tools being arranged upon carriages movable radially upon a plate rotating
perpendicularly to the bar to be worked and each of the carriages conforming in
its radial movement to the longitudinal movement of a hollow shaft arranged
with its axis in alignment with that of the bar to be worked, a central tube
engaging upon the end of the turned portion of the work before its separation
and the detached lengths being successively advanced through the said central
guide tube, substantially as herein before described.
2. In a lathe of the kind described in Claim 1 feed mechanism for the bar to
be worked which can be moved to a variable extent by a lever operated by a cam,
the bar being, whilst fed forward, clamped against the carriage by a bearing
upon which pressure is exerted by a roller mounted on the end of a lever which
is adapted to be operated by a cam, substantially as herein before described.
8. In a lathe of the kind described in Claim 1, the arrangement whereby the
bar is held during working by means of radial jaws clamped by a collar adapted
to be turned by a lever actuated by a cam and a weight, substantially as described.
4. In a lathe of the kind described in the first claiming clause, the arrange-
ment of concentric shafts rotated by an external shaft arranged in the prolonga-
tion of the axis of the bar to be turned, the said shafts being adapted to be dis-
placed longitudinally and independently of one another by means of levers actuated
by cams, each of the said hollow shafts being in connection with a tool carrier
upon a plate rotating perpendicularly to the bar to be turned, through the
medium of a pivoted three-armed lever, one of the arms of which is connected to
the hollow shaft, the second to the carriage and the third being provided with a
weight which equilibrates the centrifugal force tending to separate the tool from
the bar to be turned, substantially as described.
This (th dow of Tou1000
G. F. REDFERN & Co,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
'Agents for the Applicant.