Improvements in or relating to the Extraction of Oil from Material containing it.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to the Extraction of Oil from Material
containing it.
We, JOHN CHARLES WILLIAM STANLEY, of 16, St. Helen's Place, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer, and THE FISH, OIL & GUANO SYNDICATE LIMITED, of 16,
St. Helen's Place, in the County of Middlesex, Manufacturers, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the extraction of oil from fish animal matter, or other
material in which it is contained.
According to this invention which will hereinafter be described by way of
example with reference to the treatment of fish, steam and hot water are delivered
into the vessel in which the fish is to be treated, at or near the bottom of the
same so that they will pass up through the contents of the vessel to extract the
oil and carry it out on to the upper surface of the mass of fish. The oil is next
withdrawn from above the fish in such a manner as to afford it no opportunity
of again mingling with the fish.
Preferably the mouths of the pipes or nozzles by which the steam and hot water
are delivered into the vessel should be directed downward; by so, arranging them
they do not become clogged with fragments of fish.
Within the vessel weirs are provided or outlets are placed so that
the oil expelled from the fish Hows over the weirs or issues at the
outlets without coming again into contact with the material from which
it was extracted; by this removal of the surface layer a great deal of oil is gained
which would have been lost in oil-extraction processes in which oil is drawn away
through perforated tank-bottoms, as heretofore usually practised.
Although weirs or outlet orifices at the working level of the oil are above sug-
gested, the surface layer of oil can be removed by any other convenient means
which will avoid the return of the extracted oil through the body of fish below it.
A further improvement according to this invention consists in providing at the
bottom of the vessel a worm conveyor in a channel to which the contents of the
vessel are normally prevented from having access. Openings under the control
of valves are provided in the bottom of the vessel, the valves being opened in
succession to allow the fish above each to descend into the conveyor for removal;
by thus controlling the passage of fish into the channel the conveyor will operate
more easily and more satisfactorily than if it were loaded throughout its length
with the charge of fish above it. The valves employed may be flat valves operated
by chains carried to a winch barrel, the valves in their rise and fall being guided
by guide rods.
Conveniently vessels of the kind described are arranged in pairs and charged
alternately so that the treatment of the fish is rendered continuous; when the
process in one of them is completed, the fish is discharged and a fresh body of
着

page_text: material is supplied, the continuity of the process of extraction being meanwhile
maintained by means of the companion vessel.
T1
11 dow of Man 180S
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicants.
Improvements in or relating to the Extraction of Oil from Material
containing it.
We, JOHN CHARLES WILLIAM STANLEY, of 16, St. Helen's Place, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer, and THE FISHT, OIL & GUANO SYNDICATE LIMITED, of 16,
St. Helen's Place, in the County of Middlesex, Manufacturers, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to the extraction of oil from fish, animal matter, or other
material in which it is contained.
According to this invention which will hereinafter be described by way of
example with reference to the treatment of fish, steam and hot water are delivered
into the vessel in which the fish is to be treated at or near the bottom of the
same, so that they will pass up through the contents of the vessel to extract the
oil and carry it out on to the upper surface of the mass of fish. The oil is next
withdrawn from above the fish in such a manner as to afford it no opportunity
of again mingling with it.
Preferably the mouths of the pipes or nozzles by which the steam and hot water
are delivered into the vessel should be directed downward; by so arranging them
they do not become clogged with fragments of fish.
A further improvement according to this invention consists in providing at the
bottom of the vessel a worm conveyor in a channel to which the contents of the
vessel are normally prevented from having access. Openings under the control
of valves are provided at or near the bottom of the vessel, the valves being opened in
succession to allow the fish above each to descend into the conveyor for removal; by.
thus controlling the passage of fish into the channel, the conveyor will operate
more easily and more satisfactorily than if it were loaded throughout its length
with the charge of fish above it.
Conveniently vessels of the kind described are arranged in pairs and charged
alternately so that the treatment of the fish is rendered continuous; when the
process in one of them is completed the fish is discharged, and a fresh body of
material is supplied, the continuity of the process of extraction being meanwhile
maintained by means of the companion-vessel.
In the accompanying drawings
Figure 1 is a transverse section of a pair of vessels arranged in the manner
described in the preceding paragraph the section being taken on the line 1-1 of
Figure 2, which is a longitudinal central section on the line 2-2 of Figure 1.
Like letters indicate like parts throughout the drawings.
Two rectangular tanks A are placed on supports BB₁, and canted as shown
in Figure 1, so that the material within them gravitates towards a conveyor C
placed in a central trough D below both the tanks A. Openings A¹ are arranged in
the sides of the tanks near the bottom for the discharge of the fish, which is con-
trolled by doors E sliding in guides A2 secured to the interior of the tank; these
.doors are raised and lowered by rods E¹ rivetted to them and extending upward

page_text: through the bars 11 of an iron gangway F. The upper ends of the rods E¹ are
so shaped as to form handles E³, and the rods are provided also with fingers or
projections E³, which can be hooked on to the bars F to keep the doors open when
desired. The slight movement which each door E and rod E¹ must have in the
plane of the door to permit the rods to be moved in that plane for the purpose of
engaging or disengaging the fingers E3 and the bars F1 is permitted by the
guides A between which and the edges of the doors E there is a slight clearance left.
At about the working level of the contents of the tanks, which is indicated by
the line XX Figure 1, holes A³ are provided through which the oil expelled from
the fish flows without coming again into contact with the material from which, it
was extracted; by this removal of the surface layer a great deal of oil is gained
which would have been lost by oil-extraction processes in which oil is drawn away
through perforated tank bottoms, as heretofore usually practised.
Below the working level of the contents of the tanks a perforated screen or
grid A4 is provided in order to prevent any solid particles of the material being
treated from rising to the surface and passing away with the oil.
G is guttering provided around the outside of the tanks in proximity to the
holes A, to receive and conduct away the oil passing through them. The sides
of the tank up to the level of the bottom of the holes A³ constitute, as will be
seen, weirs over which the expelled oil flows..
Although weirs or outlet orifices at the working level of the oil are above sug-
gested, the surface layer of oil can be removed by any other convenient means
which will avoid the return of the extracted oil through the body of fish below it.
Hare steam or air pipes, supplied from any convenient source, and having
branches H which extend downward nearly to the bottom of each tank A within
water pipes J, which latter are branches from main water pipes J. The branch
water pipes J extend a little further down into the tank than the steam or air
branches H, so that the water issuing from the bottom of the pipe, J¹ and ascend-
ing in the direction indicated by the curved arrows in Figure 1 through the con-
tents of the tank will if steam be used be heated by, that steam issuing from the
pipes Hand mingling with it. The ascending current of heated water and steam
thus obtained carries with it to the surface the oil, which issues at the holes A³ as
hereinbefore described.
The steam may be replaced by hot air and the water may also be heated and
used either alone (under considerable pressure) or in conjunction with hot or cold
air.
Instead of the steam and hot water pipes extending from the surface of the
contents of the tank to near the bottom, they may, enter through the sides or
bottom, and have their mouths directed downwards or upwards. In the latter
case the steam and hot water exits are covered with wire gauze to prevent them
from becoming clogged by fragments of the material treated.
It has been previously attempted to treat fish by delivering steam alone into a
mass thereof, but it has been found that the issue of steam into the material has
merely had the effect of overcooking the fish in immediate proximity to the orifices
at which the steam issued, without operating efficiently to expel the oil from the
remainder of the material. Moreover, hot water alone does not efficiently extract
the oil from the fish, the advantage gained by introducing the mixture in the
manner described being in the first place elimination of the burning effect and
in the second place a forcing of the hot liquid rapidly upward through the super-
incumbent fish by the expansive action of the steam mixed with the water, more
rapid and complete expulsion of the oil resulting than if hot water alone were
caused merely to flow upwards through the material under the pressure of its own
head.
The steam pipes H¹ pass through stuffing-boxes J2 provided in the upper side
of the water pipes J; these stuffing-boxes J2 are screwed into place and can readily
be removed to enable a cleaning rod to be passed down in the annular space between
the pipes J¹ and H³, should it ever be necessary to clear the latter.

page_text: The fish when all the oil has been extracted from it is allowed to gravitate out
into the trough D of the 'conveyor through the openings A'; preferably only one
of the doors E is raised at a time so that the conveyor shall not be loaded through-
out its entire length with the whole of the fish in the tank; by this mode of work-
ing a lighter type of conveyor and driving gear therefor can be used than that
which would be necessary if the whole of its length were heavily loaded by opening
all the doors simultaneously or otherwise placing the whole length of the conveyor
trough Din communication with the interior of the tank.
Instead of the doors E any other convenient type of door or valve, and mechanism
for operating it may be employed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is: _
1. The process substantially as described of extracting oil, by subjecting the
material to be treated to the action of an upward current of water steam and water
or air and water.
2. In an oil extracting tank the combination of a steam or air pipe and a water-
pipe having adjacent mouths near the bottom of the tank substantially as described.
3. In an oil extracting tank the combination of concentric pipes such as H¹ J₁
delivering steam or air and water in a downward direction near the bottom of the
tank so that the current is deflected and assumes an upward direction, substantially
as described or illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
4. An oil extracting tank having means for allowing the escape of the overflow
at its sides in combination with a trough and means for causing an upward current
in the tank, substantially as described.
.
5. The combination of an oil extracting tank having an inclined bottom with
valve-controlled discharge openings at its lowest part and means for delivering
steam and water to the tank with or without a screw conveyor with which the
discharge openings communicate substantially as described.
6. In an oil-extracting tank the combination with concentric steam or air and
water pipes JH¹ of a stuffing box J2 or other removable closure permitting the
use of a clearing-rod for the purpose described.
7. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting the complete
apparatus for the extraction of oil from material in which it is contained sub-
stantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated thi 11 of Dasamahan 1000
JOHN CHARLES WILLIAM STANLEY,
Boult & Wade,
Agentis for the Applicants.