Improved Methods and Apparatus applicable to the Drying or Desiccation of Cereals and other Materials.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 18th May, 1892
Complete Specification Left, 18th Mar., 1893-Accepted, 29th Apr., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Methods and Apparatus applicable to the Drying or
Desiccation of Cereals and other Materials.
I, WILLIAM VAN VLECK LIDGERWOOD, of 96 Liberty Street New York,
United States of America, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to improved methods and apparatus applicable to the drying
or desiccation of cereals and other materials such as spices, coffee, beans, rice, small
fish, other small articles or finely divided substances.
The principal object of my said invention is to provide for the efficient and
expeditious drying of such materials by heated air in apparatus which is capable of
being erected, maintained, and efficiently operated, at a moderate cost and by
unskilled labour. A further object of my invention is to enable the said drying to
be performed with but a slight waste of heat, and in apparatus in which the
material while under treatment is enclosed so that it cannot be pilfered, the
delivery of the said material into the apparatus, its transfer between the various
parts of the apparatus, and its discharge from the same, being effected mechanically
so that it is not touched by hand.
Another object of my said invention is to construct the said improved apparatus
in such a manner that its several parts are conveniently portable in districts in
which the transport of weighty and bulky material would present difficulties.
According to my invention I provide a suitable chamber, preferably of iron, and
coated internally or externally with asbestos or other material to minimise the
radiation of heat therefrom. At the lower end of the said chamber, standards or
supports are provided, which carry rollers; the said rollers form an anti-friction
bearing for a suitably-perforated floor, of wire gauze or of perforated metal, for
example, which rests on the rollers near its circumference; the said floor is
rotatable upon them by gearing connected with the floor, or by other suitable
means. Three or more rollers, preferably bevel rollers, are arranged upon a
standard or upon two or more standards placed below the central portion of the
table and bear upon a suitably formed conical or other attachment to the centre of
the table, to assist in supporting the greater part of the weight of the table and to
maintain it in proper position upon the rollers which as aforesaid, support it near
its circumference; by the use of the said bevel rollers, the customary flanged
roller-path is dispensed with, whereby the friction of the table upon its bearings is
considerably diminished. The said standards supporting the circumferential
rollers may be placed within the chamber, or they may be arranged at suitable
distances apart, with the spaces between them closed by sheet metal or other
suitable material to form a wall for the lower portion of the chamber, the said wall
being lagged or otherwise arranged to prevent as far as is possible, loss of heat by
radiation.
In the upper end of the said chamber, above the said rotatable floor a hopper is
provided, and a movable delivery shoot is attached to the lower end of the hopper;
suitable means are provided in connection with the said shoot whereby it can be
rotated from the exterior of the chamber in such a manner as to enable material
from the hopper to be delivered upon the perforated table at its centre or at other
points on one side of the centre, so that in the rotation of the table the said material
may be uniformly distributed thereon. The material upon the said rotatable table
is treated with heated air as hereinafter set forth and is stirred by suitable rakes,
arranged as is customary in apparatus of this type.

page_text: Outside the said chamber is a centrifugal fan, or air-blower, or exhauster, of any
suitable type, for creating currents of air within the apparatus, the combination of
which fan, blower, or exhauster, in the manner hereinafter explained, with tubes
through which air and the material to be dried are conveyed, is a very important
feature of my invention inasmuch as a single fan, blower, or exhauster is enabled by the
provision of suitable pipe-connections and valves between it and other parts of the
apparatus, to be employed at different times for delivering material to the hopper,
for forcing or drawing air through the heating apparatus and through the material
on the table, and for removing the material from the receptacle into which it is
discharged from the table, as hereinafter set forth. At the lower part of the
chamber, preferably outside the same, is a receptacle into which the material to be
treated is delivered by any suitable means; a tube connects the said receptacle
with the aforesaid hopper, which is suitably connected by another tube or
otherwise, with the fan, blower, or exhauster. A sheet of perforated metal or a
wire screen or other grating is provided in the hopper, or between the hopper and
the said fan, blower, or exhauster, together with a partition or buffle-plate for a
purpose hereinafter explained. By the operation of the said fan, blower, or
exhauster, a current of air is created in the said tube and connections to draw the
material which is to be dried from the aforesaid receptacle and deliver it into the
hopper. The said air-current is deflected by the said partition so that the material
is delivered to the hopper whilst the air passes out through the grating. The said
partition and grating prevent any of the said material from passing out of the
hopper with the air.
Suitable means are provided for heating air which is afterwards utilized for
drying purposes in the apparatus in the manner hereinafter set forth. Preferably
the said heating apparatus comprises a cylinder containing tubes through which the
air is passed, steam being supplied to the cylinder from any suitable source through
suitable reducing and regulating valves, at a constant pressure, to heat the said
tubes. Or the steam may be passed through the tubes and the air circulated
around them, as may be most suitable. A suitable tube is provided for the passage
of air from the heating apparatus to the space above or below the rotatable floor.
It is important that the chambers and passages in which the air is heated, and
those through which it passes, and in which it is utilized, should be lagged with
asbestos or other material which does not readily conduct heat, in order that the
loss of heat by radiation may be diminished.
The fan, blower, or exhauster is provided with other pipe-connections fitted with
suitable valves, so that it may draw or force air from above or below the said
rotatable floor and thus cause heated air from the air-heating apparatus to pass
through the material spread thereon.
It is an important feature of my invention that the heated air after being passed
through the material upon the rotatable floor as described, in which operation it
becomes only partially humidified, is conveyed through passages provided with
suitable valves, to another chamber or other chambers of a similar character,
having rotatable floors, to take up further moisture from moister material.
A screw conveyor is provided within the chamber and is geared to the rotatable
table or driven by other suitable means, for the purpose of removing the material
from the said table when desired; this is another important feature of my invention,
as it enables the said material to be removed without the admission of any person
to the chamber. The said conveyor is of such dimensions as to extend from the
centre of the table to the circumference thereof. Suitable mechanism is provided,
by the operation of which from the outside of the chamber the said conveyor may
be raised from the table when not in use, and may be lowered thereon to discharge
the material through a discharge opening in the wall of the chamber into a suitable
receptacle provided with a tube connected with the aforesaid fan, blower, or
exhauster, so that the material may be delivered by a current of air into another
chamber for further drying, or for packing, or, in the case of grain or other
agricultural product, may be delivered into a finishing machine or other receptacle.

page_text: Suitable sight holes are provided in the different parts of the apparatus, so that
the interior may be inspected.
I do not limit my invention to the particular details of the methods and apparatus
herein set forth, which are given by way of example and may be varied without
departing from my said invention.
Dated this 18th day of May 1892.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Methods and Apparatus applicable to the Drying or
Desiccation of Cereals and other Materials.
I, WILLIAM VAN VLECK LIDGERWOOD, of 96 Liberty Street, New York,
United States of America, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to improved methods and apparatus applicable to the drying
or desiccation of cereals and other materials uch as spices, coffee, beans, rice, small
fish, or other small articles or finely-divided substances.
The principal object of my said invention is to provide for the efficient and
expeditious drying of such materials by heated air in apparatus which is capable of
being erected, maintained and efficiently operated at a moderate cost and by
unskilled labour. A further object of my invention is to enable the said drying to
be performed with but a slight waste of heat, and in apparatus in which the
material, while under treatment, is enclosed so that it cannot be pilfered, the
delivery of the said material into the apparatus, its transfer between the various
parts of the apparatus, and its discharge from the same, being effected mechanically
so that it is not touched by hand.
Another object of my said invention is to construct the said improved apparatus
in such a manner that its several parts are conveniently portable in districts in which
the transport of weighty and bulky material would present difficulties.
In order that my said invention may be clearly understood I will now proceed to
describe the same with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which
Figure 1 is a plan of an improved drying-house constructed according to my
invention, with the roof removed,
Figure 2 is a vertical section on the line,ce of Figure 1,
Figure 3 is an end elevation of the apparatus illustrated in Figure 1, with the end
wall removed,
Figures 4, 5, and 6 are views of a detail of Figures 1, 2 and 3, and will be herein-
after particularly described.
Figures 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 are views of further details of Figures 1, 2 and 3, and
will also be hereinafter explained.
Figure 12 is a vertical central section of a pair of improved drying-houses
arranged according to my invention.
Figure 13 is a plan of the apparatus shown in Figure 12, and
Figure 14 is an end elevation of the apparatus illustrated in Figure 12, with the
end wall of the drying house removed.
Similar reference letters indicate corresponding parts throughout the drawings.
With reference first to Figures 1, 2 and 3, the improved drying house illustrated
therein is provided with walls A and a roof B, coated internally with asbestos or
other material which will minimise the radiation of heat therefrom. The walls and
roof are made as nearly as possible air-tight. The said packing is indicated at C
and is kept in place by a sheet metal lining D (Fig. 3).
At the lower part of the drying-house are brackets E fixed upon the circular

page_text: base wall F of the house. Each bracket E supports a roller E¹. The rollers E¹
are arranged in a circle and form an anti-friction bearing for a circular floor G of
wire gauze or perforated metal, for example, which is supported at its circumference
by the said rollers E¹.
H is a cone attached to the underside of the floor G at the centre, I I are.bevel
rollers arranged in suitable bearings on a central cylindrical standard J; they act
upon the cone H as an anti-friction device to support part of the weight of the floor
and to prevent the movement thereof in a horizontal plane, while permitting it to
rotate freely. By the use of the said bevel rollers the customary flanged roller path
is dispensed with, whereby the friction of the floor upon its bearings is considerably
diminished. Figure 10 is a central vertical section of the central support to an
enlarged scale, in which the cone H is provided with a cylindrical extension H¹.
The said extension is provided with raised surfaces H2 which fit closely to similar
surfaces J provided upon the standard J, in order that no air may pass up between
the said standard and extension; the floor fits closely to the exterior of the extension,
as shown, to form a close joint therewith for prevention of the passage of air, except
through the floor.
The rollers E' may be arranged upon standards placed at suitable distances apart,
with the spaces between them closed by sheet metal or other suitable material to
form a wall for the lower portion of the chamber, the said wall being lagged or
otherwise arranged to prevent, as far as is possible, loss of heat by radiation.
Around the circumference of the floor is a toothed rack K into which a pinion L
gears; the said pinion is rotated to effect, by means of the rack K, the rotation of
the floor G. Or the said floor can be rotated by any other suitable means.
In the drying-chamber, hoppers M are fixed in such positions that their contents
may be easily delivered to the floors G by the action of gravity. Each hopper is
closed at its upper end, by suitable covers in which valves or doors M° are
provided, and each said hopper has a movable delivery shoot M' attached to the
lower end thereof. Suitable means, hereinafter fully described, are provided in
connection with each shoot whereby it can be rotated from the exterior of the
drying house in such a manner as to enable material from the hoppers to be
delivered upon the perforated floor near its centre or at points on one side of the
centre, so that in the rotation of the floor the said material may be uniformly
distributed thereon.
. M2 is a horizontal pipe connecting the upper parts of the two hoppers Mas
shown.
N N are rakes to stir the material upon the floor; they are arranged upon fixed
bearers N¹ which are supported at their ends by suitable fixed supports as is
customary in apparatus of this type.
The material upon the said rotatable floor G is treated with heated air as
hereinafter set forth, which is introduced into the space below the said floor in the
drying house and passes upward through the material upon the floor. In order
that any heated air which may pass up around the circumference of the floor may
be directed into the material thereon and not allowed to be wasted I support on
brackets a sheet-metal wall 0° the lower edge of which is provided with an
angle-iron O¹ one flange 02 of which extends over the edge of the floor, on the
upper side, for a sufficient distance to cause any air which passes up between the
floor and the wall to be diverted and to pass horizontally into the material on
the floor. This feature is illustrated separately by Figure 11 which is a section
through the wall 0° to an enlarged scale."
P is a screw conveyor, illustrated separately in side elevation and plan in
Figures 7 and 8 respectively; it is supported so as to be rotatable within a
frame P which is arranged to turn about a shaft P The said conveyor extends
from the centre of the floor G to the circumference thereof and may be raised and
lowered by raising and lowering the frame Pl as hereinafter explained. When
lowered it rests near the surface of the floor as shown in Figure 1 and the
conveyor P acts upon the material thereon which it removes therefrom and

page_text: discharges into a casing P3 in which a horizontal conveyor P4 is arranged upon
the shaft P2 at right angles with the conveyor P, to which it is geared by hevel
gearing Q. Suitable spouts or openings are provided in the underside of the
casing P to deliver the materials therefrom into bags or other receptacles, if
desired.
S is a chain attached to the inner end or the head R of the conveyor P and
passed over pulleys S¹ to the exterior of the drying-house. S2 is a counterweight
attached to the said chain. By means of the said chain the conveyor P can be
easily raised and lowered from the exterior of the house. Its position when raised
is indicated in Figure 3.
With reference to Figure 9, R is a square head provided at the inner end of the
conveyor frame P₁. R' is a support, attached to one of the aforesaid bearers N¹
to receive the square head R when the conveyor P is lowered upon the table G ;
it holds the inner end of the frame P₁ firmly while the said conveyor P is in
operation.
The delivery shoots M³ of the hopper M are connected by a chain T as shown
in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, which is carried through the ends of the house and provided
with counterweights T' at its free ends as shown. The said chain T passes over
pulleys T and can be operated from the exterior of the house to turn the shoots
as required for the proper distribution of material on the floor G. The shoots are
shown in dotted lines in Figure 1, turned to one of their extreme positions.
With reference now to Figures 4, 5, and 6, Figure 4 is a vertical central section
of the lower end of one of the hoppers M and shows a controlling-valve and shows
also the method of attaching the rotatable delivery-shoot M to the hopper;
Figure 5 is a plan view of the apparatus shown in Figure 4, separated from the
hopper, and Figure 6 is a longitudinal section of the valve. In the said figures,
M³ is a casting secured to the bottom of the hopper. M' is a valve adapted to
slide in suitable guides formed between the casting M³ and another casting M³
bolted thereto as shown. U is a lever pivoted to a bracket M upon the casting M³
and connected by a pin and slot connection to the valve M' so that the latter can
be operated to regulate the passage of material from the hopper to the delivery
shoot. The means whereby the levers U are operated are similar to those whereby
the delivery spouts are turned, and therefore do not need to be specially described.
The provision of means whereby the movement of the delivery shoots, the levers U
and of the conveyor P is effected from the exterior of the house is important
inasmuch as it avoids the necessity for the entry of any person into the house, and
thus prevents pilfering.
The casting M³ is provided with a circular flange M7. The upper end of the
delivery spout M' is grooved at M8 to receive the flange M. The grooved portion
of the delivery spout turns upon the said flange M. M M are portions of the
spout M' which are removable to enable the spout to be removed from the hopper
when necessary.
Suitable sight-holes are provided in different parts of the apparatus, so that the
interior thereof can be inspected.
According to my invention I use improved drying-houses of the kind herein-
before described, either alone or in series, in combination with improved apparatus
according to my invention wherein the same means as are employed for charging
the drying-houses with the drying medium are also employed for delivering to and
transferring between the said houses the material which is to be dried therein; the
combination of a pair of drying-houses with the said improved apparatus will now
be described with reference to Figures 12, 13 and 14;
a
At the exterior of each drying house a and of the series I provide
centrifugal fan or other blower or exhauster c, and by means of pipes c provided
with a valve e² for admitting air from the exterior of the said pipe to the interior
thereof, I connect each said fan, blower, or exhauster with an air-heater d, or with
one or more of a series of air-heaters d and with the interior of one of the said
hoppers M in the house to which the said fan, blower or exhauster is appropriated.

page_text: In the example illustrated the right hand hopper in each house is in direct
-connection with a fan. The said heaters are directly connected by suitable
passages with the interior of the houses a and b.
The said fans c are also connected with suction pipes V provided to draw air
directly from the interior of the houses, and having regulating valves V₁ therein.
Within each house is a rotatable or other suitable perforated drying floor G.
From the upper part of each hopper in the first house a of the series, a pipe e
passes to the exterior of the house, and descends vertically nearly to the ground.
At points at a suitable distance above the ground the vertical pipes e are connected
to each other by a pipe f which is horizontal, and a branch y from one of the two
vertical pipes, joining the same at a point immediately opposite the junction of the
horizontal pipe therewith, descends nearly to the bottom of a bin or pit / provided
outside the second house of the series and below the level of the floor thereof.
Valves and jare provided at the junction of the horizontal and branch pipes
with one of the vertical pipes e, and valves k and are provided in the latter above
and below the said junctions, as shown, and in the other vertical pipe valves m
and are provided above and below respectively, the junction of the said
horizontal pipe therewith, and a valve o is provided at the junction of the horizontal
pipe therewith.
The second fan, blower or exhauster, that is to say the one situate outside the
second house of the series, is connected to a pipe p which communicates at one end
with the interior of the first house a of the series and at the other end with the
interior of the right hand hopper in the second house of the series. A suitable
valve is provided at q in the pipe p to shut off communication with the first house a
as may be desired. From the upper part of each hopper in the second house a
piper passes to the exterior of the said house, and descends nearly to the ground.
Suitable valves are provided at in each of the said pipes r. Within each house
a suitable conveyor, of the screw or other type, is provided, to convey the material
from the drying floor to a similar conveyor arranged outside each house to deliver
the material to a series of nozzles or shoots conveniently arranged to deliver it into
sacks, boxes or other receptacles. The conveyors of the second house are also
employed to deliver material therefrom into the aforesaid bin or pit / provided
outside the same. The said conveyors are preferably arranged in the manner
herein before described with reference to Figures 1, 2, and 3, and to Figs. 7, 8,
. and 9.
I also provide the house b with a fan, S, arranged to deliver cold air thereinto
or to exhaust air from the said house into the atmosphere, or to draw hot air
through the auxiliary heater d' and deliver it into the house.
By way of example I have hereinbefore described a series of two drying-houses,
and their connections and appurtenances. This portion of my invention is not
limited, however, to the particular arrangements herein before set forth, for it is
obvious that I may add any suitable or convenient number of drying-houses to the
series, the construction and arrangement of each additional house relatively to the
house which precedes it being similar to the construction and arrangement of
the second house relatively to the first house a as hereinbefore described.
I will now proceed to describe, by way of example, various methods of using the
said two drying-houses and their appurtenances. To heat the air in the two houses
the valve M on the top of one hopper in each house is opened or, instead, the
valve V in the pipes V are opened and air is drawn out of the houses through the
hoppers or through the pipes V by both the aforesaid fans c and passed through
the air-heaters d with which the said fans, blowers or exhausters are connected,
and thence returned to the interior of each house by suitable passages, which as
aforesaid lead directly from the heaters to the space below the floors G upon which
the materials to be desiccated are placed. The heated air passes up through the
said material and gets into the upper parts of the houses in a humid condition,
being moistened by moisture taken up from the material through which it has
passed. It is again drawn out of the houses, passed through the heaters, and

page_text: returned to the houses as before, the process of re-heating and re-circulating being-
continued until the temperature of each house reaches a predetermined height..
During this operation all communication between the two houses and between the
interior of each house and the outer air, is prevented by closing the valves q, j, l, n,.
and r¹.
The valve o in the pipe p, by which latter, as aforesaid, communication is afforded.
between the interior of the first house a of the series and the interior of the right.
hand hopper in the second house of the series can then be opened and the moist.
and heated air from the first house drawn therefrom by the blower, fan, or
exhauster appropriated to the second house, and passed through the heaters d'
connected therewith, together with moist heated air which is simultaneously drawn,.
by the same means, through the valves M° in the covers of the hoppers therein..
The heaters appropriated to the second house are preferably duplicated, so that
the air drawn from the two houses may be passed through two heaters, which will
enable the air supply to the said second house to be easily maintained at a higher
average temperature than that of the first house. The said means to enable the.
maintenance of a higher average temperature in the second house are of great.
utility inasmuch as it is often very convenient to effect the partial desiccation of
material in one house b, for instance, and then to transfer it to another, by the
means hereinafter described or otherwise, and to complete its desiccation therein.
The moist heated air from the second house or from the last house of a series
can be exhausted into the atmosphere by the fan or exhauster S provided for that
purpose, or can be otherwise disposed of.
The drying-houses can be worked independently of each other, by closing the
valves in the pipes which connect them.
The arrangement of pipes and valves herein before detailed enables the fan,.
blowers or exhausters c (used to create a flow of air through the heaters d) to be
employed by proper operation of the valves herein before referred to, for creating a.
flow of air through the pipes e f g and which afford communication between the
exterior of the houses and the interior of the hoppers M, and between the bin or pit h.
outside the second house and the said interiors, so that finely-divided material can
be drawn by the air-currents through the said pipes into the hoppers. The
horizontal pipes M³ connecting the upper portions of each pair of hoppers are.
provided in order that the fan, blower or exhauster directly connected with one
hopper can effect the withdrawal of air from both hoppers simultaneously.
For example, by closing the valves 9 M° and n and suitably operating the fan c
appropriated to the right-hand house, currents of air can be drawn through the
pipes and e and through the hoppers in the house a so as to charge the said
hoppers with material from the pit h. Similarly the fan c appropriated to the left-
hand house can be caused to draw air-currents charged with material, up the pipes r
into the hoppers in the house b. Material can be drawn vertically up the pipes e-
into the hoppers in the house a if the fan be suitably operated while the valves g
M i, j, and o are shut and the valves k, l, m, n, open.
Suitable grids or other devices are provided in the pipes by which the air passes
from the hoppers to the fans, blowers or exhausters, so that the materials drawn
into the hoppers by the air-currents are prevented from getting into the exhaust
pipes or into the said fans, blowers or exhausters.
When the fans, blowers or exhausters c are employed in drawing air from the
hoppers M for charging purposes, the valves M° in the covers of the hoppers must
be closed; when however the said fans, blowers or exhausters are to be employed
for drawing air from the interior of the houses the said valves must of course be
open, to afford communication between the said fans, blowers or exhausters, and
interiors of the houses by way of the hoppers; but by using the pipes V air can be
drawn from the interiors of the houses without passing through the hoppers.
Any fresh air that is required in the drying-houses may be supplied thereto by
opening the valves c' in the pipes connected with the fans, blowers or exhausters c
so as to allow the same to draw air from the atmosphere.

page_text: wish it to be clearly understood that the arrangement and operation of
apparatus as herein before set forth according to my invention, is given by way of
example, and that I do not limit my said invention to the arrangements and
methods of working thus exemplified.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a drying-house provided with a rotatable floor the means for delivering
material upon the floor and removing it therefrom, substantially as herein before
described, for the purposes specified.
2. In drying apparatus, a hopper with a movable delivery shoot, in combination
with means whereby the said delivery shoot can be actuated from the exterior of
the apparatus, substantially as hereinbefore described for the purposes specified.
3. The combination with the delivery-shoot of the hopper, of a sliding valve
therein, and of means whereby the said valve can be actuated from the exterior of
the drying-house, as set forth, for the purposes specified.
4. In drying-apparatus the combination, with a rotatable drying-floor, of screw
conveyors, one of which is adapted to be raised and lowered, and means for effecting
the raising and lowering of the same from the exterior of the drying-house, sub-
stantially as herein before described with reference to Figures 1, 2, and 3, of the
accompanying drawings for the purposes specified.
5. In a drying-house having a rotatable perforated or gauze-covered floor, the
means for diverting the currents of drying medium which ascend past the edge of
the said floor, substantially as herein before described with reference to Figure 11
of the accompanying drawings for the purposes specified.
6. In drying-apparatus, the combination with a rotatable perforated or gauze-
covered floor, provided at its centre with a coned attachment, of bevel rollers
suitably supported, adapted to bear against the said coned attachment, substantially
as hereinbefore described, for the purposes specified.
7. In a drying-house having a rotatable perforated or gauze-covered floor, a
centre pivot for the same, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to
Figure 10 of the accompanying drawings, for the purposes specified.
8. The combination with drying-houses, of fans, blowers, or exhausters, air
heaters, and their connectious, for the transport and treatment of material by air,
substantially as hereinbefore described, with reference to Figures 12, 13 and 14 of
the accompanying drawings for the purposes specified.
9. Drying-apparatus of the kind hereinbefore described, in combination with
means whereby the drying medium is passed successively through the material in
two or more drying-houses, substantially as hereinbefore described for the purposes
specified.
10. Drying apparatus constructed arranged and operated, substantially as herein-
before described with reference to Figures 1, 2, and 3, or to Figures 12, 13, and 14
of the accompanying drawings, for the purposes specified.
11. The fittings for a distributing hopper, substantially as herein before described
with reference to Figures 4, 5 and 6 of the accompanying drawings for the purposes
specified.
Dated this 10th day of March 1893.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.