IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC PUMPS, AND IN THE ACTION THEREOF.
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William James Bayford, of Bombay, India,
at present of 4, Clayton Square, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HYDRAULIC PUMPS, AND IN THE ACTION THEREOF.
"
HYDRAULIC PUMPS, AND IN THE ACTION THEREOF.
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William James
Bayford at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 1st September 1875.
I, WILLIAM JAMES BAYFORD, of Bombay, India, at present of 4,
Clayton Square, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HYDRAULIC PUMPS, AND IN THE ACTION THEREOF,” to be as follows:-
-
The object of this Invention is to utilize the back or return stroke of
a pump suitable for operating hydraulic presses and doing like work, and
to obtain automatically, and be able to work without increased engine
power, an increased initial pressure per square inch therein, thus doing
the work quicker and cheaper than heretofore.

page_text: Under the first part I dispense with single acting cylinders as hereto-
fore used and employ a double acting cylinder, the solid plunger or
piston of which is made differential in diameter, by which means an
annular space of a determined area is obtained on one side of the piston
whilst the piston itself is fitted with double packing rings of leather.
It will be obvious that an increased initial pressure per square inch
can be in this way obtained in proportion to the difference between the
full area of the piston and that of the annular area on the other side of
it, and that the initial pressure on the annular side of the piston will be
inversely to the difference of the said areas.
Under the second head I arrange a valve or valves to be operated by
the pressure of the fluid either directly or through mechanism or
appliances, so that the said valve or valves shall, when a determined
pressure of the fluid has been reached, open and automatically disconnect
the low pressure end of the cylinder from the press. Only the high
pressure end of the cylinder is thereby left in operation.
It will be obvious that more than one cylinder can be employed in
combination, and that one cylinder can be made to operate more than
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, a
filed by the said William James Bayford in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 1st March 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
JAMES BAYFORD, of Bombay, India, at present of 4, Clayton Square,
Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, send greeting..
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said William James Bayford, a
Her special licence that I, the said William James Bayford, "my
exccutors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
William James Bayford, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with and no others, from time to time and
'
*231.43

page_text: at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC PUMPS, AND IN THE
ACTION THEREOF," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
William James Bayford, my executors or administrators, by an instru-,
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and scals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William James Bayford, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement, reference being had to the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings and to the letters and figures marked
thereon, that is to say:→
The object of this Invention is to utilize the back or return stroke of
a pump suitable for operating hydraulic presses and doing like work,
and to obtain automatically, and be able to work without increased
engine power, an increased initial pressure per square inch therein, thus
doing the work quicker and cheaper than heretofore.
Under the first part I dispense with single acting cylinders as hereto-
fore used and employ a double acting cylinder, the solid plunger or
piston of which is made differential in diameter, by which means an
annular space of determined area is obtained on one side of the piston
whilst the piston itself is fitted with double packing rings of leather.
It will be obvious that an increased initial pressure per square inch
can be in this way obtained in proportion to the difference between the
full area of the piston and that of the annular area on the other side of
it, and that the initial pressure on the annular side of the piston will be
inversely to the difference of the said areas.
Under the second head I arrange a valve or valves to be operated by
the pressure of the fluid either directly or through mechanism or
appliances, so that the said valve or valves shall, when a determined

page_text: pressure of fluid has been reached, open or move and automatically
disconnect the low pressure end of the cylinder from the press. Only
the high pressure end of the cylinder is thereby left in operation.
It will be obvious that more than one cylinder can be employed in
combination, and that one cylinder can be made to operate more than
one press.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation partly in section, Fig. 2 a plan view partly
in section, and Fig. 3 an end view partly in section, all of a hydraulic
pump illustrative of my Invention. 1 is the cylinder; 2, piston;
3, piston rod operated by any convenient means, say from a direct
acting steam engine; 4, 41, suction pipes; 5, delivery pipe.
The piston rod 3 is here shown as occupying about three-quarters of
the bore of the cylinder. It will therefore be evident that with the
same engine power the pressure exerted on the press when the end 6 of
the cylinder is alone in operation will be four times as great as when'
the end 7 is in operation. It will also be evident that the relation of
the pressures exerted by the two ends of the cylinder can be varied in
the manufacture of the pumps to suit any circumstances.
8 is the suction valve leading to the end 7 of the cylinder; 9 is the
valve leading to the delivery pipe 5. The end 6 of the cylinder is also
provided with suction and delivery valves; 10 is a way leading from the
delivery pipe 5 to a plunger 11; 12, stem of plunger resting against the
spring block 13; 14, plunger rod serving to close the orifice 15 opening
to the suction way 4'; the spring 16 keeps the plunger 11 in position,
and can be adjusted as to pressure by the cap 17.
"
way
When the pressure on the end of the cylinder is as great as is
desirable the pressure on the plunger 11 conveyed through the io
causes the said plunger to compress the spring 16 and move in the
direction of the arrow, thereby opening communication by the ways 15
and 18 from above the suction valve 8 to the suction pipe 4'. The end
7 of the cylinder is thus thrown out of action, the water being pumped

page_text: round and rounч the ways and the end being alone in
operation.
In Fig. 3 levers and weights are shown performing the same work as
the spring 16 in Figs. 1 and 2.
It will be obvious that various arrangements of pumps and disconnect-
ing gear can be made without departing from my Invention.
Having now described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention
in such manner that others will be enabled to carry my improvements
into effect, I claim,-
First. The double acting cylinder, with the plunger or piston of
differential surface area, operating substantially in the manner and for
the purposes set forth.
Second. Causing or allowing the pressure of the fluid in the delivery
pipe to operate a valve or valves directly, or otherwise to disconnect the
low-pressure end of the cylinder and leave the high-pressure end of the
cylinder in operation, all substantially in the manner and for the purposes
set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William James Bayford, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, the Twenty-eighth day of
February, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and seventy-six.
TRADD