Improved System of Using Electric Lights and other Means of Illumination.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Nov., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 17th Aug., 1896-Accepted, 3rd Oct., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved System of Using Electric Lights and other Means of
Illumination.
I GOYMOUR CUTHBERT, A.R.I.B.A., of 83 Queen Street, Cheapside, in the
City of London, Architect and Surveyor, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the lighting of buildings and apartments, particularly
those wherein the light is derived from electric arc and incandescent lamps.
The object of my invention is to so distribute the light throughout the apartment,
that the eye shall be rendered capable of its fullest activity, which is not the case
whena con entrated light is within the range of vision.
The effect of intense spots of light, in cansing contraction of the pupil of the
eye, and so impairing the efficiency of the light, which may be all that can be
desired as measured by the photometer, is well understood, and consequently it is
common to shroud the light by means of muffled and coloured glass, and other
semi-transparencies. Such menus are only partially successful in accomplishing
the object for which they are intended, and they obscure a great deal of the
light.
According to my invention, instead of using direct rays, partly obscured, or
softened by the means above indicated, I cut off all direct rays from the lamp, and
use only refracted light from the ceiling and walls of the apartment.
In carrying out my invention, I place the lamp or lamps just above a basin lined
with a reflecting surface, so as to be entirely concealed from view. The walls and
ceiling are of light colour, or white, so as not to absorb the light.
The effect thus obtained is a widely distributed and diffused light, and an absence
of shadows.
The pupil of the eye, being thus protected from direct rays, retains its normal
dilation, and consequently its fullest power of vision.
It being of primary importance, for the success of this method of lighting, that
the lamps and reflectors should be kept clear of dust, and be easily accessible for
the purpose of dusting, I have the electrolier or basin containing tlie lampe made to
hang in a stirrup upon double centres, so that with a hook aud "long arm" held in
one hand, the basin can be tilted to nearly a vertical position, and with a feather
brush held in the other hand, the whole can be quickly and conveniently dusted.
Dated this 15th day of November 1895.
TRIGANT 10- 200
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved System of Using Electric Lights and other Means of
Illumination.
I GOYMOUR CUTHBERT, A.R.I.B.A., of 83 Queen Street, Cheapside, in the
City of London Architect and Surveyor, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:—
This invention relates to the lighting of buildings and apartments, particularly
those wherein the light is derived from electric incandescent lamps.

page_text: The object of my invention is to so distribute the light throughout the apartment,
that the eye shall be left capable of its fullest activity, which is not the case when
a concentrated light is within the range of vision.
The effect of intense spots of light in causing contraction of the eye, and 60
impairing the practical efficiency of the light, which may be all that can be
desired, as measured by the photometer, is well understood, and consequently it is
common to shroud the light by means of muffled and coloured glass and other semi-
transparent substances. Such means are only partially successful in accomplishing
the object for which they are intended, and they obscure a great deal of the light
generated.
According to my invention, instead of using the direct rays of the lamp, partly
obscured, or softened by the means above indicated, I prevent the diffusion of
the direct rays, and use only light reflected from the ceiling and walls of the
apartment for illuminating the same.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. shows, in side elevation, an electric lamp fitted according to my 'invention,
and pendent from a block or contre in the ceiling; and
Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same, the upper ends of the hangers being
broken off.
In these views, a is a basin composed of metal or other suitable opaque
material, prepared with an internal reflecting surface. Within this basin are three
incandescent electric lamps bbb, carried by a tubular ring cresting in the basin. This
basin is supported in hangers d'd, which connect with the ceiling of the apartment
to be illuminated, and terminate at their lower ends in stirrup pieces. The basin
is provided with two pairs of fulcrum pins e e, which rest in notches in the stirrup
pieces, these pins, while steadily supporting the lamp in a horizontal position,
permit of the busin being tipped, as shewn at Fig. 3, for facilitating the cleaning of
the same. The lamps bare so placed in the basin a, as to be entirely concealed
from view, and the walls, and ceiling of the apartment (see Fig. 4) will, by
preference, be white, or of light colour so as not to absorb the light generated in
the lamp.
.u 1.
Fig. 5 shows a panelled ceiling in perspective, with my improved lamp fittings
applied thereto. The shading lines in Fig. 4 indicate the form presented by the
rays of light to the eye of the observer, as they rise from the lamp to the ceiling.
These rays, it will be understood, take the form of an inverted cone, which has a
breadth of base corresponding to the distance between the lamp basin and the
ceiling. The result of thus throwing the rays onto the ceiling, is a widely
distributed and diffused light, and an absence of shadows.
The pupil of the eye, being protected, by the interposition of 'the opaque basin,
from the action, of the direct raye, retains its normal dilation; and consequently its
fullest power of vision.
This result is not only attained when electricity is employed as the 'illuminant,
but it is also secured, when my invention is applied to the "Welsbach "
systems of brilliant illumination.
or other
In the drawing, I have shown three incandescent electric lamps contained in
the basin a, but a greater or lesser number may be employed.
$
As the means of installation forms no part of this invention, I have not thought
it necessary to describe in detail, ör illustrate, the arrangement of the leads. It
will suffice to say that the tubular ringe (Fig. 2) connecting the lamps together, may
receive the electric wires leading to and from the lamps, whence they may be passed up
by the hangers d to the installation wires. in the ceiling rose. Means is, however,
provided for allowing the lamp to be, tipped for cleaning, to this end a coil of
conducting wire fis interposed between the conducting wire of the hanger and that
of the lamp as shewn best at Fig: 2.
L
When 'electricity is used as the luminant, I may, in some cases, by preference,
employ a lamp, or a number of lamps, specially designed and constructed for the

page_text: purpose of focussing the light, such as those known in the market as the improved
electric glow lamp.
I have described the basin and its fittings as capable of being tipped to the
position shown in Fig. 3. This provision I have found desirable, as it is of
primary importance, for the success of my method of lighting, that the lamps and
"held in
reflectors should be kept clear of dust ;-thus, with a.hook and "long arm
one hand, the basin can be tilted to a vertical position, and, with a feather brush
held in the other hand, the whole can be quickly and conveniently dusted.
In adapting my invention to gas burners, I propose to employ one or other of
the arrangements shewn at Figs. 6 and 7, in one of which a ring burner (see Fig. 6)
is designed to tilt with the basin, while in the other (Fig. 7) the burner retains
its verticality, and the basin is limited in its movement, so as not to strike the
chimney of the burner.
Referring to Fig. 6, it will be seen that a hollow trunnion is provided to fit the
hanger, and to connect the ring burner g with the gas pipe g¹ of the hanger. The
gas joint is made conical, and of the usual construction.
The arrangement for carrying the fixed gas burner, is shown in front view
(partly in section). at Fig. 7, and in end view at Fig. 8. One of the trunnions on
which the basin turns is made tubular, to supply the gas, from the pipe g' to the
burner g, aud stops e are provided to limit the tipping motion of the basin to
the degree indicated in Fig. 8. These stops it will be understood secure the
horizontality of the basin, like the fulcrum pins e of Figs. 1, 2, and 3 besides
checking the vertical movement of the tipped basin.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The means above described for distributing the light derived from electric
and other lamps, whereby the eye. of the worker or reader will be shielded from
the action of the direct rays.
2. The construction of the apparatus as above described for carrying out the
object of my invention.
Dated this 16th August 1896.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.