IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RED COLORING MATTERS
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Hanson Greville Williams, of Rumford
Street, Glasgow, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF RED COLORING MATTERS."
Sealed the 7th July 1863, and dated the 29th January 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Hanson Greville
Williams at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 29th January 1863.
I, CHARLES HANSON GREVILLE WILLIAMS, of Rumford Street, Glasgow, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
PACTURE OF RED COLORING MATTER," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of red
coloring matters. In order to produce a red coloring matter suitable for
dyeing and printing, I heat aniline or its homologues with phosphate or acetate
of mercury. It is preferred that the aniline or its homologue should be in
combination with acetic acid as acetate of aniline (or of a homologue thereof);
or it may be combined with bydrochloric, nitric, or sulphuric acid as a hydro-
chlorate, nitrate, or sulphate; or the aniline or its homologue may be employed
in an uncombined state, or partly in the state of a salt and partly in an un-
combined state. The substances employed should be mixed together, and

page_text: heated until the color is formed. I also produce a red color suitable for dyeing
or printing by heating a salt of aniline or its homologues, such as the sulphate,
hydrochlorate, or nitrate, with uncombined aniline and arsenious acid. I find
good results to be obtained by employing one equivalent of arsenious acid, one
equivalent of sulphate, hydrochlorate, or nitrate of aniline, two equivalents of
aniline, and four equivalents of water, but I do not confine myself to these
proportions. The ingredients are heated in a suitable vessel with constant
stirring until all the water has distilled away. The temperature is then
raised to at or about the boiling point of aniline, care being taken that any
aniline distilling away is made to return to the mixture.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Hanson Greville Williams in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 29th July 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
HANSON GREVILLE WILLIAMS, of Rumford Street, Glasgow, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her beirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Charles Hanson Greville Williams, Her special licence that I,
the said Charles Hanson Greville Williams, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles Hanson Greville Williams,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF RED COLORING MATTERS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Charles Hanson Greville Williams, my executors
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their; or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Hanson Greville Williams,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of red
coloring matters. In order to produce a red coloring matter suitable for
dyeing and printing, I heat two equivalents of aniline or its homologues with
one equivalent of phosphate or acetate of mercury. It is preferred that the
aniline or its homologues should be in combination with acetic acid as acetate
of aniline (or of a homologue thereof); or it may be combined with hydrochloric,
nitric, or sulphuric acid, as a hydrochlorate, nitrate, or sulphate; or the aniline
or its homologues may be employed in an uncombined state, or partly in the
state of a salt and partly in an uncombined state. The following is the
manner in which I prefer to conduct the process:-The ingredients having
been mixed are transferred to a still having an agitator within it so as to keep
the ingredients constantly stirred. The heat is then raised by means of a
steam jacket until the temperature of the mixture rises to about 240° Fah-
renheit. This heat is maintained as long as any water distils away. As much
aniline is to be from time to time added to the contents of the still as is equal
in bulk to the water distilling over; by this means the mixture is prevented
from becoming too thick. As soon as the water has all been removed the
temperature of the still is to be raised to 320° Fahrenheit for two or three
hours, when it may be increased to 360° Fahrenheit by means of superheated
steam, or in any other convenient manner. The heat is to be kept up as long
as the color of the mixture appears to increase in intensity; this may be
ascertained by rubbing from time to time a little of the contents of the still
upon a white porcelain surface. The time required for the whole operation
is generally about 48 hours. The thick treacly mass remaining in the stills
is to be distilled with water to recover the aniline unacted on, and the coloring
matters may be precipitated from the aqueous solution by means of common
salt.
I also according to my Invention obtain a red color suitable for dyeing and
printing by heating a salt of aniline or its homologues, such as the sulphate,
hydrochlorate, or nitrate with uncombined aniline and arsenious acid. I prefer
to proceed as follows:-I mix together in an enamelled iron or earthenware
vessel one equivalent of sulphuric, muriatic, or nitric acid with two equivalents
of water; I then add three equivalents of aniline or its homologues, and one
equivalent of arsenious acid. The mixture is then to be transferred to a still

page_text: with an agitator, and the rest of the operation is to be performed in the same
manner as has been previously described for the phosphate or acetate of mercury
and a salt of analine.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Hanson Greville Williams,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of July,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
C. H. G. WILLIAMS. (L.S.)