matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR BENDING OR ARCHING WOOD
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the-
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
October 1865.-A communication from abroad by Louis Parrabère,.
of 39, Faubourg Saint Martin, Paris, France...
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 23, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR BENDING OR ARCHING WOOD," (a communication-
to me from abroad. by Louis Parrabère, of: 39, Faubourg Saint Martin,...
Paris, France,) to be as follows:-
Hitherto wood used in the making of furniture, more especially chairs,
has been unable to undergo more than a slight arching.; thus chairs and
other articles of furniture are now composed of jointed pieces, not only of
incongruous effect, but wanting in that strength which would have been
obtained by having each part of one piece, which may be effected by using.
the following process:-The squared wood is placed in an apparatus,, which
receives a large quantity of steam, and then remains until it is sufficiently.
impregnated to have become malleable.. It is then placed on a frame of
the shape required, being forced to rest on its outlines by means of nippers,.
screws, or other pressing tools, and when cold the wood preserves the
shape given to it. The Invention therefore consists in the use of steam:
to render wood malleable, and in the result, that is to say, the possibility of
twisting this wood as much as may be desired, to obtain from a. single

page_text: piece that which has hitherto only been attainable by a combination.. This.
method of bending wood is. so perfect that every possible form. may be
given to the parts forming the back of a chair, but some special forms
present both grace and economy, and one of the most preferable is
illustrated at Figure 5. of the annexed Sheet of Drawing.. The back
piece penetrates into mortices made in the frame of the seat,.and. two. bolts,,
each placed where the hind legs are fixed, give to this chair. a very great
degree of strength. Wood arched according to this method may be applied.
to the manufacture of sofas, easy chairs,, and every sort of furniture..
Figures 1 and 2 shew the wood to be bent or twisted, and form the back
and the filling both of a single piece. Figure 3. is a back. of a single
piece, and Figure 4 a seat, also of one piece.
AN IMPROVED METHOD IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TOAST RACKS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Burley and Laurance
Glover at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 23rd March 1865.
We, JOHN BURLEY and LAURANCE GLOVER, trading together as co-partners
under the title of Burley & Glover, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturers, do hereby declare, and each for himself respectively
doth hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TOAST RACKS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
Our method consists in making toast racks with one entire piece of wire,
either plain or ornamental, of silver, or other metal or alloyed wire.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BENDING AND STRAIGHTENING ANGLE IRON,. TIRON, AND OTHER IRON BARS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles de Bergue at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th June
1865.
I, CHARLES DE BERGUE, of 10, Strand, in the City of Westminster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BENDING AND STRAIGHTENING ANGLE IRON,.
TIRON, AND OTHER IRON BARS," to be as follows:-
The Invention comprises a compact form or character of machine-
admitting of the angle, or T, or other iron bars required to be bent or-
straightened being passed between rollers revolving horizontally, being
mounted on vertical shafts, and having the gearing or the principal parts.
thereof placed between a pair of parallel horizontal plates or frames, the lower
one being a bed plate or frame, and the upper one being supported therefrom
by strong pillars at the corners or in convenient positions. Two vertical
shafts, both driven by the gearing, pass through the upper plate or frame and
carry driving rollers, being also resistance rollers, against the peripheries of
which the iron is pressed by means of a third bending or pressing roller.
This roller turns on a vertical. stud or spindle, which is carried by a slide
working on the upper side of the upper plate or frame; this roller not being
driven, but being sufficiently large in diameter to allow of grooves being made.
into it of the form and shape of the angle, or T, or other iron to be operated

page_text: upon, the periphery of the said roller, or of the bottom of its groove, or of both,
being caused to press or bear against the opposite side of the iron to be acted
upon by the slide being pressed towards the driving rollers by means of a
screw drawing it towards them. The screw is intended to be tightened up by
degrees as the iron to be bent is passed backwards and forwards successively
between the rollers, so as by a single operation, or gradually by a series of
such operations, to produce the amount of curvature required.
A fourth or steadying guide roller, not above described, is also carried by
and turns loosely upon a stud or spindle on the slide, so situate as that the
said roller may lie closely, against the iron to keep it in the right position in
the bending roller; this is intended more particularly to be used when two
angle irons are put into the machine to be curved together.
The several rollers are to be recessed or shaped to receive the particular
angle, T, or other shaped iron to be bent. Two angle irons may conveniently
be bent together, being placed back to back in the form of T iron, as above
mentioned. The shafts of the driving roller may carry spur wheels and be
driven by one pinion common to both, and the shaft carrying this pinion may
be driven by bevil gear, the motion to which may be given in any convenient
'manner which provides for a reversing movement to drive the driving rollers
alternately in opposite directions.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MOULDING HOLLOW ARTICLES IN EARTH, CLAY, AND OTHER LIKE MATERIALS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Williams Armstrong at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
August 1865.
I, ROBERT. WILLIAMS ARMSTRONG, of Belleek, in the County of Fermanagh,
Architect, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MOULDING HOLLOW ARTICLES IN EARTH, CLAY, AND OTHER
LIKE MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing moulds in the manner hereafter
stated, whereby articles are made with greater certainty than at present, and
at the same time the article produced receives a more regular and uniform
pressure.
My mould consists of a cylinder fixed on a bed, inside which I place an
inner die or mould, which gives form to a part or the whole of the inside
of the article required to be produced; this mould is free to rise and fall
inside the cylinder, and is furnished with a spring, which tends constantly to
raise the mould to its required working height. The play of the spring, and
consequently the position of the mould, are regulated by a rod and set pin.
When the mould is depressed to its lowest point it is stopped by and rests
upon a bed. Outside the first-named cylinder I fit another mould or tool,
free to rise and fall, and give shape to a part or the whole of the exterior

page_text: of the article to be produced. This outside mould, as well as the mould
inside the cylinder, are in one or as many more pieces as may be necessary
to meet the required shape of article to be produced, and to allow of the
escape and admission of air, as also the easy delivery of the article when made.
Sometimes instead of a spring for pressing up the inner mould I employ a
rack and pinion, which will yield on pressure being applied. To ensure the
proper working of the upper tool I employ guides, so that its lower edge
descends between the guides and the outside of the lower cylinder. The
material to produce the required article being introduced (whether in state
of clay, dust, or powder; whether in a dry state or nearly so; or in a plastic
state, as the case may be) into the space between the inner mould and the
outer mould, pressure is applied either by a screw, hydraulic, or other press,
the plunger of which may form another portion of the tools or moulds for
producing the required article. As soon as pressure reaches the outer mould
it descends, and with it simultaneously also the inner mould, the pressure
overcoming the maintaining agent, until it comes down to its bed, when the
pressure continues until the whole of the materials confined between the
moulds and plunger is thoroughly consolidated. The article produced will be
found to be evenly and uniformly compressed, and in a condition fit for
shrinking in firing in ovens equally and proportionally.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TAPS OR STOP-COCKS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th April
1865. A communication from abroad by Oscar Planat, Député au
Corps Legislatif and Conseiller Général de la Charente, of 29, Boulevart
St. Martin, Paris.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TAPS OR STOP-COCKS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved tap serving to regulate the flow of
all kinds of fluids, either liquid or gaseous. This improved tap is provided
with a chamber of any suitable form or material, in which are formed the
orifices for the introduction and escape of the fluids. A valve of the form
suited to that of the tap is fitted to rise and fall in the chamber so as to open
or close the inlet, this motion being produced by a peculiar arrangement I
will now describe.
The annexed Drawing shows a central vertical section of the tap;
a, chamber; b, outlet for the fluid passing from chamber a; c, inlet ;
d, valve formed with a metal stem having at its lower part a washer of
leather or india-rubber e for the purpose of ensuring a tight joint when the
valve bears against the opening c; f, screw for securing the washer e to the
valve; g, stem turning in collars h, i, screwed in an opening made in the
upper part of chamber a; j, screw fitted at the lower part of stem g;
k, screw thread made in the centre of valve d, in which works the screw j;

page_text: 1, 1, small stems fixed in collar h, and serving as guides for the valve in its
up-and-down movements; m, cylindrical flexible membrane of an impervious
nature fixed the one part to collar and the other to the movable part d.
This membrane serves to prevent the fluids leaking through the joints or con-
nections of the several parts fitted at the upper part of the tap. 22, square
end of stem g, on which is fitted the key serving to regulate the action of the
tap. From the foregoing it will be readily understood, that by turning
stem in either direction the screw 7 will be caused to rotate in screwed
part k, and so raise or lower valve d, which is guided vertically by rods 1, 1.
In order to close the admission, it is simply necessary to turn stem g until the
valve comes against the inlet aperture, or by turning it in the other direction
the valve will be raised off its seat and so admit the fluid. The amount of
fluid passed by the tap may be indicated by an index worked from stem g,
marking on a dial the angle of rotation by said stem.

page_text: The drawing left with Provisional Specification is partly colored.
by Malby & Sons
AN IMPROVED BREAK APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS DESCRIPTIONS OF STEAM ENGINES, AND ALSO TO RAILWAY PURPOSES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Tolhausen at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th June
1865. A communication from abroad. by Eugène Dutheil, residing at
149, Boulevart Magenta, Paris, in the Empire of France, Civil Engineer.
I, FREDERICK TOLHAUSEN, of 149, Boulevart Magenta, Paris, in the
Empire of France, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED BREAK APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS DESCRIPTIONS
OF STEAM ENGINES, AND ALSO TO RAILWAY PURPOSES," a communication from
Eugène Dutheil, a person resident at 149, Boulevart Magenta, aforesaid,
Paris, in the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to instantaneously converting the steam cylinder of
any stationary or other steam engine into a compressed air cylinder by the
following means:-When it is desired to stop the engine with or without the
use of the ordinary breaks, I shut the steam off from the cylinder by means
of an intermediate slide valve which is interposed between the ordinary slide
face and the usual D or other slide valve; this intermediate slide valve has
three ports which correspond with the three ports of the slide valve face, and
give ready ingress for the steam by the said ports. The intermediate slide
is worked by a handle and convenient lever gear at the command of the
engine driver. The bottom of the cylinder is provided with a suitable valve
to let the air in, and while the steam works the piston this valve remains
closed, but when the steam is shut off by moving the intermediate valve so
as to close the ports the outer air enters and fills the cylinder during the back
stroke, and the engine continuing her motion by reason of her momentum,

page_text: the inlet valve shuts at the forward stroke, and the air is compressed in the
cylinder so as to form an air cushion acting as a break. In order to provide
egress for this compressed air I apply an outlet valve at the bottom of the
cylinder, which is loaded with or held down by a double-armed lever con-
nected with a plunger or piston working in the steam chest, and acted upon by
the pressure of the steam shut off. This lever is so constructed as to allow
the escape valve to open when the necessary pressure of air is obtained, thus
affording a ready escape for the air; the steam piston then performs another
back stroke, filling the cylinder again with air, which is compressed and
expelled in the same manner as before, thus exerting at each stroke of the
piston a continuous powerful and gradual expenditure of power on the piston
rod and other motive parts in the reverse way to which they are driven by
the momentum until the engine is stopped.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR SPLITTING, SHAVING, AND PARING HIDES, SKINS, AND LEATHER
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Harrison Doty at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th September
1865.
I, HENRY HARRISON DOTY, of No. 65, Regent Street, W. London, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR SPLITTING, SHAVING, AND PARING HIDES,
SKINS, AND LEATHER," to be as follows, to wit:-
This Invention consists in the construction and application of certain
machinery, whereby various hides, skins, and leather may be split, shaved,
and pared with security, facility, and rapidity. For this purpose; I construct
an oblong frame of iron or other material suitable for the purpose, across
which I arrange a number of spindles parallel with each other and at
convenient distances apart, to run in boxes, or on adjustable centres set in
the sides of the frame, which spindles are made to revolve by the usual
method by means of pulleys and chords or bands connected with a wheel or
drum, which latter is connected with the motive power. I attach a disk or
circular knife to each spindle near the end in such a manner that the faces of
the circular knives, with their cutting edges, shall be in a line parallel with
one side or front face of the frame containing the spindles, so that when the
frame is oscillated horizontally in the direction at right angles with the longer

page_text: axes of the spindles, the cutting edge of each disk or circular knife will follow
in the groove cut by the others. I set the whole number of spindles and
disks in a plane, I construct the frame holding the spindles to run in guides
in such a manner that while the machine is in motion it will give two distinct
and separate movements to the spindles and disks or circular knives, viz., a
rotary motion and an oscillating movement, which latter I obtain by attaching.
a connecting rod to one end of the frame containing the spindles, the other end
of which connecting rod I attach to an eccentric or crank, which latter is
connected with shafting for the purpose. For splitting, shaving, or paring
hides, skins, and leather I adjust the knives with their faces and cutting
edges opposite a straight bar or roller leaving sufficient space between 'the
edges of the knives and straight face of the bar or roller to insert the hide,
skin, or leather which is drawn through the space while the machine is in
motion in such a manner that the whole surface of the hide, skin, or leather
is cut by the disks or circular knives to the desired thickness. For the
greater facility of working the said Invention, I cause one moiety of the
spindles and disks to revolve in opposite directions, so that the cutting edge
of the disks or circular knives operating on the hides, skins, or leather will
cut from the centre of the hides, skins, or leather towards the edges, thus
keeping the material stretched out smooth and flat while being operated
upon.
A NEW MATERIAL TO BE USED IN THE PURIFICATION OF HEATING AND LIGHTING GASES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Thomas at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th June 1865.
I, JOHN THOMAS, of Battersea, in the County of Surrey, Iron Founder,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW MATERIAL
TO BE USED IN THE PURIFICATION OF HEATING AND LIGHTING GASES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in the preparation and employment of a new material
to be used by itself, or mixed with other suitable materials to give it porosity,
in the purification of heating and lighting gases. I take the coke of bog-
head or cannel coal, or the material remaining after the distillation of such
coal, and I burn or calcine the coke or material, and reduce the ash or
product remaining to powder. This powder damped with water forms the
new material to be employed by itself, or if not sufficiently porous mixed with
sawdust, hes, or other suitable material not capable of exerting an injurious
action upon the gas to be purified. The material is to be used in a similar
manner to lime or oxide of iron. To improve its qualities for the purifying
gas from sulphur, damp it with lime water or add lime.
of
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOLTS, RIVETS, AND THE LIKE FASTENINGS, FOR CONNECTING TOGETHER PIECES OF METAL AND OTHER MATERIAL
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic Pelham Warren at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th October 1865.
I, FREDERIC PELHAM WARREN, of East Court, Cosham, in the County of
Hants, Commander in the Royal Navy, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOLTS, RIVETS, AND THE LIKE FASTENINGS,
FOR CONNECTING TOGETHER PIECES OF METAL AND OTHER MATERIAL," to be as
follows:-
My improvements in bolts, rivets, and the like fastenings, for connecting
together pieces of metal or other material, and which are applicable to other
useful purposes, consist in forming the end or ends of a cylindrical or other
sectionally shaped piece of metal cut from an ordinary bar, or otherwise, in
such manner that when driven into a suitably shaped hole in the pieces of
metal to he united together the end or ends shall be expanded and com-
pletely fill it so as to hold them in permanent contact; and this I effect by
splitting or otherwise dividing the end or ends of the bolt or rivet so as to
admit of one or more steel or other hard metal wedges being inserted between
the divided parts thereof for the purpose of forcing the divided portions
asunder when driven into a blind hole, that is, a hole only drilled partially
through the metal, or against a block, or when set up at both ends by.
hammers, as circumstances may require. For example, where I require to

page_text: fasten a thick plate (as a ship's armour plate) upon or to an iron rib, either
with or without wood intervening, I apply my improvement sometimes to one
end only of the bolt, the other terminating in a head or nut and screw, or to
both ends, as found most desirable. In either case the blind hole in the plate
should be slightly enlarged or coned at the bottom to admit of the expansion of
the bolt end; and in the case of both ends of the bolt being fitted with wedges,
the hole in the rib should be countersunk so as to admit of the bolt end
being expanded into it and forming a conical head. Where used as rivets
it is obvious that either one or both ends of the rivet may be fitted with
wedges and the plates' suitably countersunk. Rivets or bolts so formed do
not require to be heated, and they therefore retain their full tenacity un-
impaired. It is also manifest that there is no such contingency attending
the use of the improved rivets or bolts as shelling off heads and burrs (as in
ordinary rivetting), but that any strain which they are subjected to only tends
to tighten them.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Binnie McNicol at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
September 1865.
I, GEORGE BINNIE MCNICOL, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows, that is to
say:-
This Invention, which relates essentially to a novel construction of appa-
ratus, and to a new system or mode of obtaining motive power from liquids,
consists as follows:-Two tubes or pipes of any required height are erected
vertically in any suitable situation, so that when filled with liquid two columns
capable of exerting a pressure proportionate to their height are obtained.
The lower ends of the pipes are bent one upwards and the other downwards,
and capable of sliding over them a large air and water tight vessel is applied.
The portions of the vessel which slide over the ends of the tubes are made
tubular, and fitted with stuffing boxes and glands. These pieces are continued
inwards to the interior of the vessel until they meet at its central division,
which division consists of a diaphragm or plate fitted tightly all round its
circumference to the sides of the moveable vessel. The inner portions of the
tubular pieces are fitted with valves of any convenient form and size, which
are actuated by eccentrics. The action of the apparatus is as follows:--The

page_text: two tubes being filled with water or other liquid; the water passes at once
from them to the interior of the moveable vessel, and when it is desired that
motion shall take place one of the valves, say the upper one, is drawn so
that the water in the column and that in the upper half of the vessel are in
direct communication with each other, by which means the weight of the
entire column is spread over the total area of the moveable vessel; the valve
in the lower half is closed, and the direct communication between the water
in the pipe and that in the lower half of the vessel is stopped. When this
action of the valve takes place the surplus pressure of the top half of the
vessel is resisted only by the pressure exerted by the area of the pipe, and if
the position of the valves is reversed an upward action of the apparatus will
follow, thus by altering the position of the valves any number of successions
of upward and downward strokes is obtained, which motion being commu-
nicated to a crank shaft may be converted into circular or motion of any other
form.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSES WORKED BY STEAM AND HYDRAULIC POWER
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Routledge and Frederick
Francis Ommanney at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 25th September 1865.
We, WILLIAM ROUTLEDGE and FREDERICK FRANCIS OMMANNEY, of Salford,
in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSES WORKED BY STEAM AND HYDRAULIC
POWER," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists more especially in certain improvements on Ashcroft's
Patent compound baling press, for which Letters Patent were granted on.
the 2nd day of November 1864, No. 2707.
In the aforesaid press the ram is raised first by the action of steam alone,
and afterwards by the combination of steam and water power.
One part of our Invention consists in attaching to two pumps one suction
valve and one delivery valve common to both pumps; or one suction valve
common to both pumps and two delivery valves, one to each pump; or two
suction valves, one for each pump, and one delivery valve common to both
pumps.
Another part of our Invention relates to the doors of the boxes in which the
cotton or material is placed. To each door we attach a strong hooked arm,
the books of which are held by a double cam when the doors are closed, but
which is acted upon through the medium of a lever and chain connected to.
any moving part of the press for opening the doors when required.
Another part of our Invention consists in certain improvements for reducing

page_text: the friction of the revolving boxes containing the matters to be pressed. For
this purpose we place in the top or bottom brackets, or both, a number of
rollers, wheels, or spheres.
Another part of our Invention relates to the steam cylinder, and consists
in employing an equilibrium valve for the admission of the steam.
We have described the foregoing improvements as particularly applicable
to Ashcroft's press, but they can also be applied to other descriptions of presses
worked by steam and hydraulic power.
IMPROVEMENTS.IN IRON SAFES AND STRONG ROOMS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Fergusson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the 17th February
1865.
I, JAMES FERGUSSON, of No. 20, Langham Place, in the County of Middle-
sex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS.IN
IRON SAFES AND STRONG ROOMS," to be as follows:―
This Invention has for its object improvements in iron safes and strong
rooms. For these purposes the iron doors of iron safes and strong rooms, in
place of turning on hinges as heretofore, are according to this Invention made
to slide up and down in grooves at the sides and at the bottoms, and they are
counterbalanced on chains passing over pulleys. In order to prevent such
chains being used as means of raising the doors, the links or connecting instru-
ments are made of such strength only as to allow of their being used when the
doors are free, and to break in the event of power being applied to force the
doors with a view to open them in opposition to the bolts or fastenings of the
locks. On each side of a door a sufficiently deep groove is formed to receive
and retain the door, and such is the case in respect to the bottom of the frame
to receive the bottom of the door. The upper part of the door is by preference
made flush with the upper surface of the top frame of the door. In some cases
over the top of the door a slide or cover of hardened steel is applied, which

page_text: being locked or fastened securely offers an additional security to the door of
a safe or strong room. In other cases a safe may be moved back into a
recess and be fastened or secured therein so as to prevent the door being
opened till the safe is again moved forward.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Fairweather and William
Fairweather at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 26th April 1865.
We, JOHN FAIRWEATHER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancashire,
Gentleman, and WILLIAM FAIRWEATHER, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancashire, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to obtain a motion for the bottom needles
that will prevent incorrect stitching, also to be capable of using one or two
needles at the top or bottom. For these purposes we work the top needles by
a lever and eccentric, the said eccentric being placed on the driving shaft, and
we fix on the same shaft a cam to give a reciprocating motion to a worm
shaft, which motion is transmitted to the bottom needles by a worm and worm
wheel.
This Invention further consists of the needle being adjustable to different
widths of work, this is effected by the needle bar having a slide attached by
which they may be regulated, and the bottom needles are also adjusted by a
slide for such various widths as may be required, and both bobbins are placed
on the top side of the machine, and so arranged that there is a positive strain
on the thread. This Invention is also applicable to other machines.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING THE BOTTOMS AND SIDES OF SHIPS AND OTHER SUBMERGED STRUCTURES TO PREVENT FOULING AND DECAY
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Moysey at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st February
1865.
I, JOHN MOYSEY, of Leytonstone, in the County of Essex, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
COATING THE BOTTOMS AND SIDES OF SHIPS AND OTHER SUBMERGED STRUCTURES
TO PREVENT FOULING AND DECAY," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in applying to the bottoms and sides of iron ships,
or to iron plates used on wooden or iron ships, or to other submerged
structures, an amalgamı formed of mercury and lead alone, mercury and tin
alone, or of mercury and tin or lead and any other metal. I first tin or
galvanize the iron plates, either before or after the ship or other structure is
built, and I afterwards apply the amalgam by hand, or by a pad of wash leather,
or in any other mechanical manner. I do not limit myself to any particular
proportions of the materials of which the amalgam is composed, but that
formed of the following materials in or about the proportions stated answers
woll, wiz
Mercury
Tin
Lead
-
'
1
T
.
I 1
-
3 parts by weight.
1 part
1 part.
"
"
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF RENEWING THE TEETH OF WORN-OUT FILES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Bernard Oscar Lassus
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th November 1865.
I, JOSEPH BERNARD OSCAR LASSUS, of Simorre, Canton Lombez, Gers,
in the Empire of France, and of the Crescent, Minories, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF RENEWING THE TEETH OF WORN-OUT FILES,"
to be as follows :-
My Invention relates to improvements in renewing the teeth of files,
particularly those used for cutting saw teeth and in the manufacture of
clocks and watches. In order to remove the rust before commencing the
operation the files should be dipped for about four minutes in a mixture
composed of three parts of water to one part of muriatic acid. I then wash
the files to remove all extraneous matters, using a brush or card surface
of steel wire, after which I lay the files flat in a vessel of unglazed
earthenware. I next calculate the exact quantity of fresh water required
to cover them, and then add thereto a fourteenth part of nitric acid, as, for
example, fourteen parts of water to one part of acid, or twenty-eight parts
of water to two parts of acid. The files are allowed to remain in this mixture
for about twenty-five minutes, after which they are withdrawn and plunged

page_text: into a vessel containing a mixture of from three to four ounces of pure nitric
acid and about one-third of an ounce of ammonia, the files are to remain
in this mixture for about two minutes, after which they are dipped in
fresh water and brushed when cooled; the files are then fit for use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONVERTING COAL OIL INTO GAS SUITABLE FOR USE AS AN ILLUMINATOR
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Nicholas at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th February
1865.
I, JAMES NICHOLAS, of Aspull, near Wigan, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CONVERTING COAL OIL INTO GAS SUITABLE FOR USE AS AN ILLUMINATOR," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in converting coal oil into gas suitable for use as
an illuminator. I produce the gas by preference by allowing a stream of the
oil to come into contact with a heated surface capable of decomposing the oil
into gas. I pass the stream of oil into a retort or other vessel heated to a
full red heat. The gas thus obtained is first conducted either through the
ordinary purifiers used in the purification of common coal gas or into a
gasometer direct. The gas may be burned by any of the modes at present
used in the consumption of ordinary coal gas as an illuminator.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Glazebrook, Mark Nield
Mills, and Benjamin Riley Mills at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 12th June 1865.
We, JOHN GLAZEBROOK, Cotton and Cotton Waste Dealer, MARK NIELD
MILLS, and BENJAMIN RILEY MILLS, Machine Makers, all of Ashton-under-
Lyne, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows:―
Our Invention consists in working the shuttle of sewing machines for
producing what is commonly called the lock stitch by means of a crank working
in the segmental or elliptical slot of a lever, connected by a link or otherwise
to the shuttle bar, or the segmental or elliptical slot may be made in a bracket
fixed to the shuttle bar, thus dispensing with the lever, link, or other con-
necting pieces, the said segmental or elliptical slot producing the requisite
dwell in the motion of the shuttle bar.
Another part of our Invention consists in working the needle bar by a
crank, acting in the curved slot of a lever jointed to the needle bar, or the
needle may be connected to the lever itself, and the ordinary needle bar may
then be dispensed with, the crank pin working in the curved slot produces
the requisite motions for raising and lowering the needle, and for giving the
required dwells.
Another part of our Invention consists in working the feed motion by
means of a double tappet acting on a lever swivelling on a double joint and
connected by springs to the feeding bar or cloth mover, which works in a slot

page_text: on the top of the shuttle box, the slot being placed at right angles to the
shuttle race, the double tappet imparts to the lever the four motions requisite
to move the feeding bar or cloth mover to and fro and up and down. The
feed motion may be placed either above or below the article to be sewn.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING FRAMES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
September 1865.-A communication from abroad by Paul Friedheim,
of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING FRAMES," to be
as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to shorten the draft of the yarn on its
passage from the delivery rollers to the flyers of throstle or spinning frames.
Hitherto it has been found necessary to preserve sufficient space between the
flyers and the rollers to allow of the flyers being raised sufficiently high for
the attendant to effect the doffing of the full bobbins. In order to provide
for the doffing of the bobbins and at the same time to contract materially
the space between the flyers and the rollers, the spindles are mounted in
frames which are made capable of turning on pivots carried by the main
framing. These frames are retained in a vertical position by suitable

page_text: catches and stops, and when the spindles are required to be doffed the catches
are disengaged. The frame with its spindles is then free to be rocked on
its pivots, and the flyers being thereby moved into an inclined position clear
of the rollers can be raised to allow of the doffing of the bobbins.
AN IMPROVED ELASTIC. MATTRASS OR BEDSTEAD
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
January 1865. A communication from abroad by François Carré, of
39, Faubourg St. Martin, Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED ELASTIC.
MATTRASS OR BEDSTEAD" (a communication to me from abroad by François
Carré, of 39, Faubourg St. Martin, Paris, France, to be as follows:-
This improved mattrass is composed as follows, reference being had to the
accompanying Sheet of Drawing forming part of this Provisional Specification.
On the two sides A, B, C, D, (Figures 1 and 2) of the framing A, B, C, D,
of the mattrass are arranged blades or laths of steel L, of about the of an
inch thick, by rather more than one inch in breadth, which are fixed to these
bars A, B, C, D; these steel blades are arched as shewn Figure 4, and are-
strengthened near their points of attachment to the bars A, B, C, D, that is to
say, at a and a', by small blades or plates also of steel a, b, a', 6', the number
and length of these additional blades varying in different mattrasses according
to requirement. Lastly, small iron plates P are applied on these blades at
the point of attachment, and the whole is fixed to the bars A, B, C, D, by
rivets.
A steel blade M crossing the mattrass in its entire length passes on
all the blades L, and is attached to the framing in the same way as these

page_text: latter. Blades N, fixed by one part to A, B, C, D, are riveted by the other
to those blades L which are situated next the two extremities of the mattrass.
The blade M is also fixed by rivets to the blades L. Three round iron cross
pieces T, shewn Figure 1, consolidate the frame. Right and left of the
blade M three straps S (drawn in red) unite the blades L together. The
extreme straps embrace the blades L at the point where they are doubled or
strengthened by the blades a, b, a¹, b. At the four corners of this improved
mattrass may be placed legs or feet folding inwards, and by which this
mattrass may be at once transformed into a bedstead.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING Roor LAMP GLASSES OF RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO LIGHTING THE DECKS OF SHIPS AND OTHER SITUATIONS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Staley Rancy at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th August 1865.
I, THOMAS STALEY RANEY, of 14, Boston Street, Dorset Square, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the sand Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING Roor LAMP GLASSES OF RAILWAY AND OTHER
CARRIAGES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO LIGHTING THE DECKS OF
SHIPS AND OTHER SITUATIONS," to be as follows.-
The glasses of roof lights to railway carriages now fitted for gas are fixed
to frames, by which they are held in their position with capability of removal
at pleasure by such fiames having a series of studs or projections, which in
applying the glass are passed into corresponding notches and then turned a
short distance into recesses, by which they are held by senes of bayonet joints
It is, however, found that a slight rise and turn of the glass from accident o
design is liable to cause it to be disengaged, when it will in falling no doubt
become broken, and probably in addition injure some occupant of the com-
partment of the carriage where it was applied.
The object of the improvements is to obviate these evils by effecting greater
security in the holding of such glasses. For this purpose, as the glass is
placed in position in the roof or other part of the carriage, a stud or projection
or other part of such glass, or of the frame thereof, passes a spring catch
which prevents the return and consequent removal of the glass until this catch
Is released The axis of this catch is enlarged into a boss, and it is pierced
o has a pin to receive, or is otherwise formed, to be actel upon by a key, by

page_text: which the catch may be turned back or withdrawn when the glass is desired
to be removed, and in order that both hands may be free to remove the glass
at such time, the key is formed with a stop, which when the key has acted
to withdraw the catch and free the glass may then hold that catch back to
admit of such glass being freely removed. On the withdrawal of the key
from the catch that catch is again free to act as a stop. Such roof lamp
glasses are applicable to railway and other carriages, ships, and other situations,
and also when oil or other matter is employed as the lighting medium in place
of ordinary gas.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SUSPENDED BRIDGES, ROADS, AQUEDUCTS, OR OTHER WAYS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sylvain Benjamin Labouret at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th July 1865.
I, SYLVAIN BENJAMIN LABOURET, of 2, Rue Sainte Appoline, Paris (Empire
of France), Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SUSPENDED BRIDGES, ROADS, AQUEDUCTS,
OR OTHER WAYS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the construction of suspended bridges, roads,
aqueducts, or other ways, in the following manner :-I suspend a tramway at
any suitable height by means of wood, stone, iron, or brickwork capable of
sustaining and supporting carriages carrying passengers or merchandise, the
said carriages being free to run on the suspended road or way before men-
tioned and driven thereon by guides, or by cranks to the wheels, or by chains
or ropes propelled by any fixed motor, all as hereafter described. The
supports of these suspended bridges or ways may also carry pipes for water,
for liquid manure, or other liquids and gas.
The accompanying Drawings show two transverse sections of a suspended
bridge or roadway constructed according to my Invention.
In Figure 1 the rail a bears the wheels b, which have at top another rail.c.
The axles of the wheels carry the carriages d. f are balustrades or guides,
sustained and kept laterally by rods e placed at or about equal distances
apart, and by drawing or acting on these balustrades or guides f in the direc-
tion it is required to travel the carriages are so propelled. Motion may be

page_text: transmitted to the wheels to cause the carriages to advance as on ordinary
railways; or a rope or chain may be used to draw the carriages along, which
may be endless, so that one side is used to propel in one direction and the
other to propel in the contrary direction.
At Figure 2, I have shown a somewhat different arrangement in the mode
of suspension, but the distinctive features of the Invention are nevertheless
preserved.
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STOPPING BOTTLES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Thomas Read at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st August
1865.
I, WILLIAM THOMAS READ, of No. 29, Great Saint Helens, in the City of
London, and No. 17, Beaufoy Terrace, Maida Vale, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STOPPING BOTTLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for stopping
bottles. For this purpose I employ a wedge-shaped plug made of glass or
porcelain by preference, and this plug at its lower end is considerably less in
diameter than the interior of the neck of the bottle with which it is to be
used, whilst at its upper end it just enters freely into the neck. On to this
plug a ring of vulcanized india-rubber is sprung, and it is prevented slipping
off at the lower end by an enlargement or flange at the lower end of the plug;
there is also a flange or head at the top of the plug to stop it when it has entered
the required distance into the neck of the bottle. When a stopper thus con-
structed is introduced into the neck of a bottle, the interior of the neck being
taper, the india-rubber ring becomes compressed between the two inclines,
namely, between the wedge-shaped plug of the stopper and the incline of the
neck. In this manner the india-rubber ring is altered in form, and is caused

page_text: to fill accurately the space between the wedge-shaped plug and the neck of
the bottle for some distance along the plug, and thus a tight joint is made.
The head of the stopper should have grooves cut in it to receive wire or string,
by which the stopper, after it has been forced home, is tied down in its place;
the edge of the head should also be grooved or milled to enable a tighter hold
to be taken of it to withdraw it from the bottle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TURNTABLES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Candido Ravelli at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd June
1865.
I, CANDIDO RAVELLI, of Bedford Square, in the County of Middlesex, Officer
in the Italian Army, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TURNTABLES," to be, as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing turntables annular and otherwise,
as hereafter described.
The turntable is furnished on its under face. with wheels, which run upon
annular rails. In the central opening of the turntable I place cylinders or
drums, which bear against its inner periphery, and while supporting it assist
its motion. The inner periphery of the turntable is toothed, and is geared into
by toothed cylinders or wheels worked by an endless chain or chains passing
round another cylinder or wheel in the centre of the platform. This last-
named cylinder is furnished with, say four lever arms, by which it may be
turned by attendants to continue the circular motion of the table produced,...
as about to be explained, by the arrival of the engine thereon.
The turntable is intended chiefly for made-up trains, or for several carriages,
though it may be used for a single carriage or engine. The engine on arriving
runs from the ordinary rails on to the turntable, and when it has travelled far...
enough thereon to produce a circular motion of the turntable it strikes against
a buffer on the table and by the jerk produced, moderated by the engine
driver, the turntable is put in motion; the impulse thus given is continued by

page_text: the attendants moving the arms connected to the central cylinder. The
tender and carriages following the engine leave the ordinary rails and run
upon the turntable. As soon as the engine comes opposite the line upon
which the train is intended to run a catch similar to those ordinarily used in
turntables stops the motion of the turntable. Then a lengthening chain, added
to the ordinary chain by which the first carriage is connected to the tender,
will, by being unfastened by hand, allow the engine and tender to run upon
the line required; the turntable is again put in motion, and the engine by
travelling on the new line continues the turning of the table, so that the table
receives carriages from one line of rails, and at the same time delivers them
on to another line. I construct upright flanges or curbs on the turntable to
guide the wheels of the engine.