A NEW OR IMPROVED CIGARETTE, AND MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME
Year: 1884

page_text: Manufacturing the same.
I, WILLIAM HENRY BECK, of 115 Cannon Street, in the City of London, Con-
sulting Engineer and Patent Agent do hereby declare the nature of the said
invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED CIGARETTE, AND MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR
MANUFACTURING THE SAME to be as follows:-
>>
The novelty of this new or improved cigarette consists essentially in the paper
tube which encloses the plug of cut tobacco, which is previously, simultaneously,
or subsequently, formed by known processes. This paper tube is manufactured
without paste or other adhesive substance, with its ends enclosed, so that it
resembles a hand made cigarette, both as regards its construction, and the
advantages recognized in it by smokers. The ends of the tube are turned down
and tucked or set in, that is to say, they comprise an internal fold of paper inter-
posed between the tube and the tobacco. The longitudinal joint is also obtained
by a setting over or interlocking of the two edges of the sheet for the purpose
of closing the tube hermetically without the use of adhesive material. The
external appearance is novel and very graceful, the tube is very strong, and at the
same time is, to a certain extent, elastic. The tubes can be manufactured empty,
if required, and ready for the subsequent reception of the cut tobacco, and they
are also capable of receiving plugs of tobacco slightly larger than the form on
which the tubes have been made. It may be here stated that the tube, always
closed longitudinally, without adhesive material, but by interlocking, may remain
open at the tucked or set in end, and be closed at the other end by twisting, like
gummed cigarettes, or like what are known as Havana cigarettes.
This novel kind of cigarette may be manufactured from cut tobacco, either by
hand or by machinery, in the manner hereinafter described.

page_text: .
MANUFACTURE BY HAND.
For manufacturing the tubes by hand, the sheets of paper are previously cut to
the required dimensions. Books of cigarette papers, such as those generally
in use, may be employed; it is only necessary that the two tools used in the
manufacture of the tube should be made conformable to the dimensions of such
paper.
A sheet, or rather a certain number of sheets, is or are taken, and folded at
one of the longitudinal edges. They are then taken, one by one, for the purpose
of rolling them on a tubular spindle commencing at the unfolded edge, the sheet
being held in position on the spindle by the thumbs and forefingers of the two
hands, exactly as if about to roll a cigarette by hand. Then by rolling the spindle,
the free longitudinal edge of the paper comes under the fold at the other longi-
tudinal edge. At this moment the forefingers and the thumbs are caused to
approach the joint to make a fold of it which sets and applies the paper firmly to
the spindle and closes the tube longitudinally, the said tube being more or less in
the middle of the length of the spindle.
The tube is now slipped towards one of the ends of the spindle and is made to
pass slightly beyond it, by two millemetres, for example. The part which extends
beyond the spindle is first pressed down by a turning movement of the finger, and
This tool
then pressed inwards by a tool, having a truncated conical working end.
is called the "setter," because it commences and finishes the setting or tucking-in of
the ends of the tube.
After pressing in the projecting part of the tube the spindle is drawn back, and
the end of the "setter is pushed a little further in. The tube is then brought
back to the middle of the spindle in order to force the internal fold to pass over
it. The "setter" is then drawn out, and the tube is slid to the other end of the
spindle, for the purpose of making, in the same manner, the internal fold at the
other end thereof. The tube is then completed, and it only remains to slide it off
the spindle at one or the other end.
This tube, closed longitudinally, and with the internal fold at each end, may be
immediately filled with tobacco, or set aside to be subsequently filled together with
other tubes similarly and successively manufactured. The filling may be effected
by hand or by machine.
MANUFACTURE OF THE TUBE MECHANICALLY.
The new or improved tube made mechanically comprises the same series of trans-
formations of the paper as in the manufacture by hand.
The paper, unrolled from a bobbin, or otherwise, is guided by a roller, the
generatrix of which is a convex line for giving to the paper an initial curve
which prepares it for the various subsequent phases. This roller has also for its
object to assure an invariability in the direction, whatever the diameter of the
bobbin,
After this roller there is a thin strip or blade which carries a support fixed on
the entrance of a mould which takes the cylindrical form at its outlet for a
distance sufficient for effecting the easy passage from one section to another.
The mould consists of a fixed part, and a moveable part hinged thereto, and held
closed by a bolt, and intended to form a cover for the strip or blade, which is
suspended between the lower piece and the cover, thus occupying a space which is
limited laterally by a flange.
The cover which carries one or more rollers at its other end, effects the pressing
down of the paper on to the strip or blade so as to fold it, being assisted therein
by two or more inclined pallets fixed at the side of the mould. The side of the
mould forces the two edges of the paper to rise up leaving one edge extending
beyond the other, but this projection of one edge is folded over on itself by means

page_text: of a roller, thus shutting in the second edge in the fold, which then consists of
three thicknesses of paper.
Finally, this fold is pressed down by the action of a sheath, which surrounds
the cylindrical and terminal part of the strip or blade, which is, in this portion of
its length, of a cylindrical section.
The feeding forward of the paper has a double function; on the one hand it is
that which, while effecting the translation of the paper produces automatically the
formation of the longitudinal folds just described, and on the other hand it has for
its object the delivery of equal lengths of tube to the succeeding mechanism. This
is effected by means of two rollers, one of which, for example is endowed in the
usual way with a continuous rotary movement, and the other of which is alternately
raised and lowered, thus participating intermittently in the movement of the first,
and it is while both rollers press on the paper tube that the feed takes place. On
leaving the sheath this tube passes on to a tube which is supported by a spindle
solid with or secured to the cylindrical part of the strip or blade, of which it is a
continuation; a spring, wound round the said spindle, effects the application, end
to end, of the said cylinder and tube.
When the said feed rollers press on the paper, they draw it forward, together
with the tube which it surrounds; but when the feed forward is completed, and
the contact of one of them ceases, the tube is immediately drawn back by the
spring, each of the successive feedings forward by the feed rollers being thus
effected, without fear of deforming the paper tube.
At the end of the feed guide tube the paper tube is cut off in equal lengths,
which are led, by a trough, gutter, or guide channel, to a revolving barrel, the
axis of which is caused to turn, by the action of a lever and pawl, which lever
is raised by a cam on the driving shaft, and is drawn down by a spring.
The barrel is held stationary by any well known means, or by a spring roller
which falls into notches formed on the circumference of a disc.
The lengths of tube are brought forward, as already described, into the corre-
sponding mould of the barrel which is opposite to the trough, gutter, or guide
channel. By the partial revolution of this barrel, immediately after the reception
of the tube by the mould, the said enclosed tube is brought opposite to two spindles
(operated by suitable levers and cams), one of which is large and fills and supports
the paper tube during the operation of turning down the end thereof by suitable
pincers, (also operated by means of cams, levers, and springs), and the other small,
which effects the tucking or setting-in.
The other end of the cigarette is set over in a similar manner by other spindles
similarly actuated.
If one of the ends of the cigarette is to be closed, twisting devices similar to
those already known, are substituted for the setting spindles.
ACTION OF THE APPARATUS.
On beginning to work it is necessary to perform and guide by hand the greater
part of the operations necessary for the formation of the paper tube, but imme-
diately this formed tube arrives within the action of the feed rollers, the machine
may be set in motion.
The rollers draw forward by one, two, or more movements the length of tube
for a cigarette, and the scissors cut off each length. Between these scissors and
the entrance of the moulds of the barrel there is room for two tubes.
A tube not tucked or set-in at the ends pushes out the tucked or set-in tube
which the barrel brings opposite thereto. The tube not tucked or set-in moves with
the barrel a fifth of a revolution, and is brought opposite to the two spindles, the

page_text: In the new position the spindles and the pincers effect the tucking or setting-in
of the other end of the tube.
The tube thus made is carried round to the point from whence it started, and is
pushed out by the tube not tucked or set-in, as above described.
At the two other stoppages of the barrel the manufactured tube may be filled
with tobacco, and pushed out by the application of means known and used in the
generality of cigarette machines.
W. H. BECK,
Applicant,
115, Cannon Street, London.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A New or Improved Cigarette, and Means and Apparatus for
Manufacturing the same.
I, WILLIAM HENRY BECK of 115 Cannon Street in the City of London,
Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent do hereby declare the nature of the said
invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED CIGARETTE, AND MEANS AND APPARATUS
FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME" and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying sheet of Drawings and to the
letters and figures marked thereon:—
The novelty of this new or improved cigarette consists essentially in the paper
tube which encloses the plug of cut tobacco which is previously, simultaneously, or
subsequently formed by known processes. This paper tube is manufactured with-
out paste or other adhesive substance with its ends unclosed so that it resembles a
hand-made cigarette both as regards its construction and the advantages recognised
in it by smokers. Figure 1 of the annexed Drawing represents a perspective view
of the new or improved cigarette. The ends of the tube are turned down and
tucked or set in, that is to say, they comprise an internal fold of paper interposed
between the tube and the tobacco. The longitudinal joint A B is also obtained by
a setting over or interlocking of the two edges of the sheet, for the purpose of
closing the tube hermetically without the use of adhesive n.aterial. The external
appearance is novel and very graceful, the tube is very strong and at the same
time is to a certain extent elastic. The tubes can be manufactured empty if
required and ready for the subsequent reception of the cut tobacco, and they are
also capable of receiving plugs of tobacco slightly larger than the form on which
the tubes have been made, It may be here stated that the tube, always closed

page_text: longitudinally, without adhesive material, but by interlocking, may remain open at
the tucked or set in end and be closed at the other end by twisting like gummed
cigarettes, or like what are known as "Havana" cigarettes.
This novel kind of cigarette may be manufactured from cut tobacco either by
hand or by machinery in the manner hereinafter described. I desire it to be
understood that the means indicated are only given by way of example, and that
in construction they are susceptible of being modified and improved without
materially altering the nature of the operations necessary for obtaining the new or
improved tube.
MANUFACTURE BY HAND.
For manufacturing the tubes by hand, the sheets of paper are previously cut to
the required dimensions. Books of cigarette papers such as those generally in
use may be employed; it is only necessary that the two tools used in the
manufacture of the tube should be made conformable to the dimensions of such
paper.
A sheet, or rather a certain number of sheets (Figure 2) is, or are taken and
folded at one of the longitudinal edges as at E F. They are then taken one by
one (Figure 3) for the purpose of rolling them on a tubular spindle C (Figure 5)
commencing at the unfolded edge (Figure 4), the sheet being held in position on
the spindle by the thumbs and forefingers of the two hands, exactly as if about to
roll a cigarette by hand. Then by rolling the spindle, the free longitudinal edge D
of the paper comes under the fold at the other longitudinal edge D' (Figure 7).
At this moment the forefingers and the thumbs are caused to approach the joint
to make a fold of it, which sets and applies the paper firmly to the spindle, and
closes the tube longitudinally (Figure 8), the said tube being more or less in the
middle of the length of the spindle (Figure 5).
The tube is now slipped towards one of the ends of the spindle, and is made to
pass slightly beyond it, by two millimetres for example. The part which extends
beyond the spindle is first pressed down by a turning movement of the finger
(Figure 9), and then pressed inwards by a tool (Figure 6) having a truncated
conical working end. This tool is called the "setter" because it commences and
finishes the setting or tucking in of the ends of the tube.
After pressing in the projecting part of the tube (Figure 10) the spindle is
drawn back and the end of the "setter" is pushed a little further in. The tube is
then brought back to the middle of the spindle in order to force the internal
fold to pass over it. The "setter" is then drawn out, and the tube is slid to the
other end of the spindle for the purpose of making, in the same manner, the internal
fold at the other end thereof. The tube is then completed, and it only remains to
slide it off the spindle at one or the other end.
This tube, closed longitudinally, and with the internal fold at each end, may be
immediately filled with tobacco or set aside to be subsequently filled together with
other tubes similarly and successively manufactured. The filling may be effected
by hand or by machine.
MANUFACTURE OF THE TUBE MECHANICALLY.
The new or improved tube made mechanically comprises the same series of
transformations of the paper as in the manufacture by hand. The paper is taken
from a bobbin as shown in elevation and plan in Figures 11 and 12.
The paper p unrolled from a bobbin b or otherwise is guided by a roller a, the
generatrix of which is a convex line for giving to the paper an initial curve,
which prepares it for the various subsequent phases. This roller a has also for its
object to assure an invariability in the direction whatever the diameter of the
hobhin

page_text: outlet for a distance c² sufficient for effecting the easy passage from one section to
another.
The mould consists of a fixed part m and a moveable part m² hinged thereto, and
held closed by a bolt mo, and intended to form a cover for the strip or blade c,
which is suspended between the lower piece m and the cover m', thus occupying a
space which is limited laterally by a flange m³ m³ m² m³.,
The cover m² which carries one or more rollers d at its other end, effects the
pressing down of the paper on to the strip or blade o so as to fold it, as shown in
Figure 13, which is a section at 3-3 with one of the edges p² left vertical and
following the side m² of the mould; but at 4-4 and then at 5-5 this vertical
portion of the paper is closed down by two inclined pallets e e¹ fixed at the same
side m³ of the mould as shown in Figures 14 and 15. From m³ to m', that is to
say from 5-5 to 6-6 the side of the mould forces the two edges of the paper to
rise up, leaving the edge p¹ extending beyond the other; but at the roller & this
projection of the edge p¹ is folded over on itself (Figure 16) thus shutting in the
second edge in the fold, which then consists of three thicknesses of paper.
Finally this fold is pressed down by the action of a sheath f which surrounds
the cylindrical and terminal part c² of the strip or blade which is in this portion
of its length of a cylindrical section as shown in the section (Figure 17) taken
at 7-7.
The feeding forward of the paper has a double function, on the one hand it is
that which while effecting the translation of the paper produces automatically the
formation of the longitudinal folds just described, and on the other hand it has for
its object the delivery of equal lengths of tube to the succeeding mechanism. This
is effected by means of two rollers h h¹, one of which for example, is endowed in
the usual way with a continuous rotary movement, and the other of which is
alternately raised and lowered, thus participating intermittently in the movement
of the first and it is while both rollers press on the paper tube that the feed takes
place. On leaving the sheath f this tube passes on to a tube i of copper or other
suitable material, which is supported by a spindle j solid with, or secured to the
cylindrical part c² of the strip or blade of which it is a continuation; a spring g,
wound round the said spindle j, and compressed between the base of the tube i
and the head of the said spindle effects the application end to end of the said
cylinder and tube c³ and i.
When the said feed rollers h² press on the paper, they draw it forward together
with the tube i which it surrounds; but when the feed forward is completed and
the contact of one of them ceases, the tube i is immediately drawn back by the
spring g, each of the successive feedings forward by the feed rollers h h¹ being thus
effected without fear of deforming the paper tube.
At the end of the feed guide tube i the paper tube is cut off by the scissors
(see Figures 11, 12 and 21) in equal lengths, which are led by a trough, gutter or
guide channel o to a revolving barrel r.
Figures 11 and 12 show, in elevation and plan, the mechanism for turning down
and tucking or setting in the end or ends of the tube. Figure 19 is a vertical
section taken at 1-2. Figure 20 is the detail or front view of the pincers for
turning down the ends of the tube.
A driving shaft k, moved by hand but preferably by other motive power, is
furnished with a flywheel and pulleys k₁ k²; it turns in the bearings of the
supports 8, 81, 82, 83. Between the supports 81 82 is arranged the barrel 7 the axis of
which, mounted in bearings prepared on the tops of the said supports, is caused to
turn by the action of the lever r¹ with the pawl 2, which lever is raised by a cam
on the driving shaft, and is drawn down by a spring.
The barrel is held stationary by any well known means, or by the spring roller
which falls into the notches formed on the circumference of the principal disc.
The lengths of tube are brought forward, as already described, into the corre-
sponding mould of the barrel r, which is opposite to the trough, gutter, or guide
channel o. By the partial revolution of this barrel immediately after the reception

page_text: On beginning to work it is necessary to perform and guide by hand the greater
part of the operations necessary for the formation of the paper tube, but
immediately this formed tube arrives within the action of the feed rollers h h¹
the machine may be set in motion.
The rollers h h¹ draw forward by one, two, or more movements the length of tube
for a cigarette, and the scissors cut off each length. Between these scissors and the
entrance of the moulds of the barrel there is room for two tubes.
A tube not tucked or set in at the ends pushes out the tucked or set in tube
which the barrel brings opposite thereto. The tube not tucked or set in moves
with the barrel a fifth of a revolution and is brought opposite to the two spindles q
and t, the first one of which enters the tube and supports it while the pincers u turn
down the end. Then the small spindle advances to tuck or set in the part so
pressed down. The two spindles q and t afterwards retire, and the barrel makes
another fifth of a revolution.
In the new position the spindles x y and the pincers u effect the tucking or
setting in of the other end of the tube.
The tube thus made is carried round to the point from whence it started, and is
pushed out by the tube not tucked or set in, as above described.
At the two other stoppages of the barrel the manufactured tube may be filled
with tobacco, and pushed out by the application of means known and used in the
generality of cigarette machines.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
First The new or improved cigarette produced by the manual or mechanical
processes, which comprise the combination of of novel means and devices with known
means and devices, as hereinbefore described, and illustrated in the Drawings
hereto annexed.
Second-The new or improved paper tube for enveloping the tobacco of a
cigarette, the longitudinal joint of such tube being formed by the interlocking of
the longitudinal edges of the paper with each other, the two ends of such tube
being tucked or set in when the tube is left open at both ends, or the one end
tucked or set in and the other twisted when one end is left open and the other
closed, as hereinbefore described, and illustrated in the Drawings hereto annexed,

page_text: Third The devices herein before described and illustrated in the Drawings for
forming the tube with the longitudinal. interlocked joint namely: a-for the
formation by hand, a tubular spindle on which the sheet is rolled and the
interlocking of its edges is effected, and 6-for the formation by a machine
the thin strip or blade of variable section, in combination with a mould in two
pieces jointed or hinged together, one or more guides, one or more flattening rollers
and the feeding devices.
Fourth-The devices hereinbefore described and illustrated in the Drawings for
tucking or setting in one or both ends of the tube, namely: a-for the tucking or
setting in by hand, a tucking or setting in tool, and b-for the tucking or or setting
in by machine, one or more pairs of spindles, combined with a barrel moving
intermittently, and the other accessory devices such as pincers for pressing down
the ends of the tube to be tucked or set in, tobacco distributors and fillers, expellers
and such like.