CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR 'GRINDING DYE WOODS OR ROOTS, AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR PULVERIZING PURPOSES
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Moses Heap, of Blackburn, in the County of Lan-
caster, Print Dealer, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR 'GRINDING DYE WOODS OR ROOTS, AND FOR
OTHER SIMILAR PULVERIZING PURPOSES:"
Sealed the 25th September 1855, and dated the 7th June 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Moses Heap at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th June
1855.
I; MOSES HEAP, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Print Dealer;
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR GRINDING DYE WOODS OR ROOTS, AND FOR
OTHER SIMILAR PULVERIZING PURPOSES," to be as follows:
My Invention applies to machinery for reducing to a powder or pulverising
dye woods, madder roots, and other similar materials, and consists in the
application of circular saws caused to revolve with great rapidity and made to
operate upon the materials to be pulverised, in place of the ordinary chipping,"
rasping, and grinding machinery. My improved machinery may either be
employed directly upon the log, or be caused to operate upon portions or pieces,
or upon the ordinary waste of chipping machines, called "grips" or splinters;
the principal feature of novelty consisting in the rapid revolution of a great

page_text: number of circular saws placed upon a roller with intermediate washers
between the saws, such saw roller working against the edge of a feeding plate
or table, which is nicked or slotted, so as to receive the edge or periphery of
teeth of each of the saws of which the roller is composed; the fine portions
of the woods as thus cut, by being placed in contact with the saw roller, falling
in a pulverised state between the saw and its bed plate.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Moses Heap in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 7th
December 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MOSES
HEAP, of Blackburn, in in the County of Lancaster, Print Dealer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Moses Heap, Her especial licence that I, the said Moses Heap, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Moses Heap, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR GRINDING' DYE WOODS OR ROOTS, AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR PULVERIZING PUR-
POSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that. I, the said Moses Heap, by
an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should, particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Moses Heap, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to say) :-
My Invention applies to machinery or apparatus for reducing to powder or
pulverizing dye woods, madder roots, and. other similar materials, and consists

page_text: in the application of circular saws caused to revolve with great rapidity and
made to operate upon the materials to be pulverized, in place of the ordinary
chipping, rasping, and grinding machinery. This improved machinery may
either be employed directly upon the log, or be caused to operate upon portions
or pieces, or upon the ordinary waste of chipping machines, called "grips" or
splinters; the principal feature of novelty consisting in the rapid revolution of
a great number of circular saws placed upon a roller with intermediate washers
between the saws, such saw roller working against the edge of a feeding plate
or table, which is nicked or slotted, so as to receive the edge or periphery of
teeth of each of the saws of which the roller is composed; the fine portions
of the woods as thus cut, by being placed in contact with the saw roller, falling
in a pulverized state between the saw and its bed plate.
In order that this Invention, may be better understood and explained in
detail; I have hereunto attached a Sheet of Drawing, made upon a scale of
about two inches to the foot, and having marked upon the different Figures
illustrated the same letters of reference on corresponding parts of the machinery
or apparatus.
Fig. 1 represents a front elevation of this Invention; Fig. 2 exhibits a
side elevation of the same; Fig. 3 represents a plan view of the rapidly
revolving saws, with the recessed or indented plate through which they pass
and pulverize the material under operation. The saws employed in this
Invention must be arranged as to guage, extent, diameter, coarseness of tooth,
width of periphery, &c., according to the material to be operated upon. As for
instance, in pulverizing logs of dye wood it would be unnecessary to employ
washers between the saws, but saws would be used of different diameters,
placed close together side by side and secured on one shaft, the irregular
surface or periphery of such series of saws being opposed to an indented plate
of corresponding form. In the case of pulverizing madder or other roots, barks,
safflowers, &c., the saws employed would be of a finer guage, washers being
placed between them, the feeding plate being so recessed as just to allow of
the free revolutions of the circular saws.
a represents a standard, which supports the frame b, employed for the
purpose of feeding the saws c, c, enclosed in the case or box d; e, e, represent
standards, furnished with bearings f,f, for the shaft g, on which are secured
the circular saws. The machine or apparatus being prepared for use, the
material to be operated upon is fed in and on to the slanting frame 6 by the
attendant operative. In cases where coarse or heavy material is to be ground or
pulverized; a presser plate or board 9 is employed to force down the material
upon the saws. This plate or board g is actuated and caused to descend by

page_text: means of a rack h, secured to it and pinion j; on the shaft of the pinion j is
a worm wheel k, which is caused to revolve by the action of the worm lon
the upper part of the diagonal shaft m. This shaft m, having at its lower end
a worm wheel n, is so arranged as to be readily thrown in and out of gear. The
worm wheel n has motion imparted to it through the wormio, secured on the
shaft of the circular saws and driving pulley p. Beneath the upper bearings of
the diagonal shaft m'a square-ended tongue piece acts, connected by the shaft q
to the handler on the opposite side of the machine or apparatus. By this
handler, the pressing apparatus may be thrown in and out of gear by simply
elevating or depressing the handle r, so that should any knots or irregu-
larities in the wood occur sufficiently to obstruct too violently the action of the
saws, or should the pressure exerted be too great, the machine or apparatus
may be at once thrown out of gear, and all probable straining or breakages be
at once prevented. It will now be observed that the action of this machinery
or apparatus consists in causing the rapid revolution of a series of circular
saws, the peripheries of which pass through an appropriately designed and
corresponding feeding plate in such a manner as to cause the pulverization
of any dye woods or material presented to them.
. Having now described the nature of this Invention, and the manner in
which the same may be performed, I wish it to be distinctly understood, that
I claim the novel application, employment, and use of a series of rapidly
revolving circular saws (from thirty-two guage to eighteen inches width on
their peripheries) placed on one shaft, for the purpose of "grinding" or pul-
verizing dye woods, or any such or similar materials or ingredients, or for other
similar pulverizing purposes, as herein particularly described, and set forth and
illustrated in the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, 'the said Moses Heap, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Sixth day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.