IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF OILS AND FATTY SUBSTANCES AND APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Simon Hollands, of 25, Finsbury Place,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, and John Arthur
Ilbery, of 72, Marquis Road, Canonbury, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Simon Hollands
and John Arthur Ilbery at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 13th August 1874.
We, WILLIAM SIMON HOLLANDS, of 25, Finsbury Place, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, and JOHN ARTHUR ILBERY, of
72, Marquis Road, Canonbury, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE TREATMENT OF OILS AND FATTY SUBSTANCES AND APPARATUS THEREFOR,"
to be as follows:―
This Invention has for its object to provide suitable means of
extracting and separating oils and fatty substances from any of the raw

page_text: materials in which they are contained, and to purify such oils and fatty
substances without resorting to any of the chemical methods at present
in use.
To this end we provide one or more vessels or tanks, in which
we deposit the raw material to be treated, and within each of which we
place a suitably bent or coiled steam pipe perforated at intervals in such
a manner as to cause the steam on passing through the perforations to
expel the particles of oil or fat from the raw material and carry them
to the surface thereof. At a convenient height above the raw material
we insert within each vessel or tank one or more filters or strainers
made of wire netting, perforated zinc, felt, or any other suitable
substance, through which the oils and fatty substances are forced, and
by which they are clarified in their passage. To each of the tanks we
also fit a lid or cover fastened hermetically thereon, and furnished with
one or more pipes, through which the fumes or vapours are carried to a
disinfecting or deodorizing vessel, whereby all offensive or noxious
odours are effectually removed and neutralized. From the first tank or
series of tanks we convey the oily or fatty produce through one or more
pipes to a second tank or series of tanks, wherein a further clarification
takes place by similar means to those used or employed in the first tank
or set of tanks, that is to say, by one or more steam pipes and a
superincumbent set of strainers or filters.
In order to impart an additional degree of purity to the oils or
oleaginous liquids produced within the second tank or series of tanks
we convey the same to an apparatus constructed according to our
Invention, and herein called the machine. This machine consists of
two cylindrical or prismatical jacketed vessels or tanks placed above one
another, connected together by means of a set of steam pipes, and
furnished with a series of taps or cocks arranged in such a manner
as to admit the steam to either tank separately, or to both simul-
taneously.
We also insert between the two tanks a horizontal diaphragm,
dividing the same in two chambers or compartments. This diaphragm
consists of one or more filters or strainers made of suitable material
placed upon a flange or rim closed up with packing, and furnished with
a series of set screws, by means of which the position of the strainers
may be adjusted according to the nature of the oleaginous material
operated upon. By this means we are enabled either to heat the tanks
throughout or to heat the upper chamber or compartment while keeping

page_text: the lower cold by leaving it empty or conveying cold air or cold water
into it, or vice versa, according to the nature of the substances to be
worked.
To the bottom chamber we fit a suitable pipe, which may be con-
nected with an air pump, by the operation of which we exhaust the
air and produce an entire or partial vacuum within the chamber, so
as to secure complete filtration through the strainers forming the
diaphragm.
By the working of the steam and the filtration combined the most
perfect purity attainable is imparted to the oleaginous matter placed
within the machine, and the product of this operation, being oil or
oleaginous matter in its most refined condition, is drawn off through a
pipe fitted to the bottom of the machine.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said William Simon-Hollands-and-John-Arthur Ilbery
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 13th February 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
SIMON HOLLANDS, of 25, Finsbury Place, in the County of Middlesex,
Civil Engineer, and JOHN ARTHUR ILBERY, of 72, Marquis Road,
Canonbury, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did for Herself, Her heirs, and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said William Simon Hollands and John Arthur
Ilbery, Her special licence that we, the said William Simon Hollands
and John Arthur Ilbery, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as we, the said William Simon Hollands and John Arthur
İlbery, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
“IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF OILS AND FATTY SUBSTANCES AND

page_text: "
APPARATUS THEREFOB," upon the condition (amongst others) that we,
the said William Simon Hollands and John Arthur Ilbery, our executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Simon Hollands and John
Arthur Ilbery, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement and accompanying
Sheet of Drawings:—
This Invention has for its object to provide suitable means of
extracting and separating oils and fatty substances from any of the raw
materials in which they are contained, and to purify such oils and fatty
substances without resorting to any of the chemical methods at present
in use.
To this end we provide one or more vessels or tanks in which
we deposit the raw material to be treated, and within each of which we
place a suitably bent or coiled steam pipe, which may be perforated in
such a manner as to cause the steam on passing through the perforations
to expel the particles of oil or fat from the raw material, and carry them
to the surface thereof. At a convenient height above the raw material
we insert within each vessel or tank one or more filters or strainers
made of wire netting, perforated zinc, felt, or any other suitable
substance, through which the oils and fatty substances are forced, and
by which they are clarified in their passage. To each of the tanks we
also fit a lid or cover fastened hermetically thereon, and furnished with
one or more pipes through which the fumes or vapours are carried to a
disinfecting or deodorizing vessel, whereby all offensive or noxious
odours are effectually removed and neutralized. From the first tank or
series of tanks we convey the oily or fatty produce through one or
more pipes to a second tank or series of tanks, wherein a further
clarification takes place by similar means to those used or employed in
the first tank or set of tanks, that is to say, by one or more steam pipes
and a superincumbent set of strainers or filters.
In order to impart an additional degree of purity to the oils or
oleaginous liquids produced within the second tank or series of tanks

page_text: we convey the same to an apparatus constructed according to our Inven-
tion, and herein called the machine. This machine consists of two
cylindrical or prismatical jacketed vessels or tanks placed above one
another, connected together by means of a set of steam pipes, and
furnished with a series of taps or cocks, arranged in such a manner
as to admit the steam to either tank separately or to both simul-
taneously.
We also insert between the two tanks a horizontal diaphragm,
dividing the same in two compartments. This diaphragm consists of one
or more filters or strainers made of suitable material, placed upon a
flange or rim closed up with packing, and furnished with a series of set
screws, by means of which the position of the strainers may be adjusted
according to the nature of the oleaginous material operated upon. By
this means we are enabled either to heat the tanks throughout, or to
heat the upper chamber or compartment while keeping the lower cold,
by leaving it empty or conveying cold air or cold water into it, or vice
versa, according to the nature of the substances to be worked.
-To the bottom chamber we fit a suitable pipe which may be connected
with an air pump, by the operation of which we exhaust the air and
produce an entire or partial vacuum within the chamber, so as to secure
complete filtration through the strainers forming the diaphragm.
By the working of the steam and the filtration combined the.
most perfect purity attainable is imparted to the oleaginous matter
placed within the machine, and the product of this operation being oil.
or oleaginous matter, in the most refined condition, is drawn off through
a pipe fitted at the bottom of the machine.
in Figures 1 and 2 A is the urst tank, in which the raw material, to

page_text: be operated upon is placed on the bottom, and beneath a moveable and,
adjustable set of strainers or filters C placed in this instance upon a set
of flanges or rims D, but which may be arranged in any other suitable,
manner. The steam pipe M running along both tanks is supplied from
the boiler or generator. By means of the cock and connecting piece N.
it is put into and out of communication with the perforated coil E.
Through the steam entering the tank A. by the said coil E the raw
material lodged within the tank is beaten and digested, and thence
forced through the strainer C into the pipe Ó, which connects the top
of the tank or casing A with the bottom of the tank B.
Within the last-named tank B there is a similar set of filters or
strainers C¹ upon rails or flanges D¹ to those shewn in the tank A; and
a coil E¹, which is not perforated, is placed therein and connected with
the steam pipe M by means of a connecting piece N¹. The product
treated within the tank B is forced through the strainers C¹ into the
pipe P, which is connected with the refining machine shewn in Figúres
3, 4, and 5, and has a tap P¹ to it for placing it in and out of com-
munication therewith. We fit both tanks with tops T, T', with taps Q, Q¹,
for drawing off, with holes R, R', at the bottom, and pipes S, S¹, for
clearing and drawing off waste.
.
In the refining machine shewn in Figures 3, 4, and 5, A, A³, are the
lower and the upper chamber respectively of a jacketed cylindrical
vessel, B being the jacket or enclosure thereof; C is the diaphragm
separating the two chambers, and furnished with adjustable filters
placed upon the rails D. The material which is to be submitted to the
ultimate refining process enters the vessel A¹ through an inlet pipe L
placed in any suitable position, and thence comes to rest upon the
diaphragm C. The pipe H is connected with and supplied by the steam
pipe M, Figure 2, and through the inlets G, G', furnished with
cocks I, I'; steam may be alternately supplied from H to the top or
bottom jacket, this alternate action being effected by the working of
the taps I, I', respectively, so that the upper chamber may be heated
and the lower kept cool, or vice versa. F is an exhausting pump, by
the working of which a vacuum is produced within the chamber A, and
the filtration through the strainers C expedited and perfected. Both to
the top and the bottom chamber we fit taps J, J¹, for drawing off
condensed water from the jacket. To the top T we fit a pipe K¹ for
carrying off every effluvium from the interior of the machine. The oil

page_text: and oleaginous substance being fully refined within the machine in the
manner herein-before set forth is drawn off through the outlet pipe E at
the bottom of the chamber A.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and illustrated
the same in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, we wish it to be
understood that we do not claim the use of steam generally for the
purpose of extracting oil or oleaginous matter from the raw material,
such method having been known and practised heretofore; but what we
claim is,
First. The arrangement of a set or series of tanks for the progressive
extraction of oil or fatty substances from raw materials, in the manner
herein set forth and illustrated in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
Secondly. The use or employment of the double-chamber jacketed
refining machine, with the arrangement for alternately heating the
chambers and keeping them cool, in the manner herein described and
illustrated in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
Thirdly. The use or employment of a pipe for carrying off the
effluvium, and thereby disinfecting the material worked upon in the
refining machine, as described in the foregoing, and illustrated in
the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Simon Hollands and
John Arthur Ilbery, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this
Third day of February, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-five.
Witness,
J. T. DANN,
43, Cowley Road,
Brixton,
(L.S.) WILLIAM SIMON HOLLANDS.
(L.s.) JOHN ARTHUR ILBERY.
S.W.