Improvements in Bakers and Confectioners Ovens.
Year: 1898

page_text: Improvements in Bakers and Confectioners Ovens.
I, ALEXANDER ARTHUR ANDERSON, Baker's Engineer, of 27, Exchange Build-
ings, New Street, in the City of Birmingham, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:
This invention relates to ovens used by bakers and confectioners, and is
applicable in those either of single deck, double deck, or treble deck, and also
in horizontal multiple order.
An oven constructed according to this invention has fixed around its lining,
or inner walls, a number of longitudinal horizontally disposed tubes or passages,
which lead from a vertical supply flue at the back of the oven around the top
and bottom walls and into a boundary coupling flue in the forepart of the oven,
the ends of the said tubes or passages which project into the said coupling flue
being fitted with specially constructed dampers or shutters, which form the
primary feature of this invention. The oven is heated by products from a coal
fire, or by heated gases which proceed from a suitable source, the said products or
gases being directed into the vertical supply flue hereinbefore referred to, and
which is common to all the tubes, and then conducted, when the dampers or
shutters are open, through the tubes or passages and into the coupling flue; a
thorough circulation being made around the oven's walls by means of the current
which is induced in the passages.
The dampers, as aforesaid, are fitted within the coupling flue to work against
either the front or back open ends of the heating tubes, and each comprehends,
in a simple form, a long plate or bar, having within it a number of holes spaced
and sized to correspond to the number of heating tubes arranged upon the top
and within the bottom of the oven, so that each damper plate or shutter controls
a series of heating tubes, and either opens or closes their ends by bringing the
holes or intervening solid parts within them coincident or between the holes. In
a single deck oven one damper plate or shutter, as described, would control the
whole of the lower heating tubes, and another the whole of the upper heating
tubes, both being independent, and suitably operated from the outside of the
oven's walls.
In a double deck oven independent heating tubes would be arranged in series
of top and bottom, as before described in single deck ovens, and independent
dampers or shutters would be used to control each series of tubes, so that either
series could be shut off.
The rear extremities of the heating tubes, no matter whether the oven is
single, double, or treble deck, open into the vertical supply flue before referred to

page_text: and which is common to all, and are only cut off therefrom for cooling by the
dampers or shutters, as aforesaid, closing their one ends and causing a break
in the circulation and a bar to the induction of a current.
In a modification, the dampers at the top and bottom series may be connected
on the outer side of the oven so that the operation of one damper shall shut off
both series of heating tubes.
The dampers or shutters are arranged to slide in suitable supports within the
coupling flues, or within the supply flue and are so fitted that they can be with-
drawn at any time when necessity should arise.
W. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
11, Burlington Chambers, New Street, Birmingham,
Patent Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Bakers and Confectioners Ovens.
I, ALEXANDER ARTHUR ANDERSON, Baker's Engineer, of 27, Exchange Build-
ings, New Street, in the City of Birmingham, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to ovens used by bakers and confectioners and heated by
the passage of hot air or gases through systems or series of open ended tubes or
passages arranged around the oven's walls adjacent to the baking chamber or
chambers, and is applicable to such ovens when either in single, double or treble
deck, and also in horizontal multiple order. The object of this invention is to
enable the heating of the baking chambers or ovens-proper to be better regulated
and controlled than hitherto in ovens of this class, and this with a greater
simplicity of the oven's construction and with better facilities for its being
cleaned. An oven constructed according to this invention is characterised by
dampers fitted to the ends of the series or systems of open ended tubes through
which the heating products pass, and the construction of the supply and coupling
flues from and into which the said systems of tubes proceed and discharge, and
the special formation and arrangement of damper, as aforesaid, used.
These improvements are clearly shown in the acco
ccompanying sheet of drawings
and will be described in connection therewith and by the aid of reference letters.
Fig. 1 of this sheet of drawings shows a double deck oven constructed with
improvements according to this invention in longitudinal vertical section, Fig.
a horizontal section of Fig. 1 on the dotted line H, and Fig. 3 a transverse vertical
section of Fig. 1 upon the dotted line N. Figs. 4 and 5 show in different positions
the specially constructed damper and the method of working it against the ends
of a system of tubes. In these figs. the baking chambers or ovens-proper c, c, of
the ovens, have fixed around their walls at top and bottom a number of longi-
tudinally disposed tubes or passages d, arranged horizontally in series or in
systems to lead from a vertical supply flue e at the back of the baking chambers,
and which is common to all the systems of tubes, into a coupling flue f in the fore
part of the oven abounding the entrances to the baking chambers c, c, the ends of
the said tubes or passages which project into the coupling flue being provided
with sliding dampers g which are so arranged that one damper opens and closes

page_text: the ends of each system or series of tubes. The baking chambers are heated by
the products from a coal fire in the fire chamber, h, which are first directed into
the vertical supply flue e and then through the openings in the back wall to
these tubes or passages which are not closed by the dampers y, from whence
the said products pass into the coupling flue f to the chimney flue or other suitable
outlet in the structure, the hot air and gases making a thorough circulation
through those systems or series of tubes which are open. Those systems of tubes
having their ends closed by a damper, as, for example, the crown system of
each baking chamber, are not effected by the heated products, as the dampers
choke the tubes, as it were, and prevent a draught therethrough.
The dampers g are fitted within the coupling flue f to work horizontally against
the tube's front ends, a damper being set off for each series of tubes, and each
damper comprehends in a simple form a long plate or bar having within it a
number of holes g² of a size to correspond to the bores of the tubes, the number of
such holes and their arrangement being such that one damper shuts up or opens
the ends in any series or system of tubes collectively and at one operation; or it
may partially close them as shown in Fig. 5. The dampers g may however, if
sufficient room between the baking chambers is provided, be worked vertically
instead of horizontally, in which case the damper would be deeper. Thus does
one damper plates open or close the ends of a system of tubes by the holes and
intervening solid parts of the damper plates respectively coming coincident with
the bores of the tubes, as will be seen clearly from Fig. 3 of the drawings, each
damper being operated by a separate handle g³. In this way can any baking
chamber in a two or more deck oven be cooled off while the others are heated, or
the top and bottom heat of any single chamber be regulated.
The rear extremities of the heating tubes d, no matter whether the oven is
single, double or treble deck, open into the vertical supply flue e, and it is pre-
ferable that the front ends of the tubes open into a common coupling flue such
as f, especially when the dampers are arranged to work in that flue.
The dampers or shutters are each arranged to slide in suitable bearings, such
as openings, formed in the walls of the structure, and are so arranged that they
can be bodily taken out when desired for such a purpose as cleaning the tubes.
In Figs. 4 and 5 a damper is shown worked by a toothed wheel which meshes
in rack teeth upon the damper plate. Such an arrangement for working the
damper would be of advantage where the ovens were built in horizontal multiple
order.
The supply flue e at the back of the structure is in communication with a
passage o, at the summit of the ovens, which is in connection with a chimney,
the coupling flue f discharging into this passage o. A damper o is provided to
cut off direct communication between the flue e and the passage when the
products are desired to proceed by way of the tubes d, but to establish com-
munication when the dampers g close the tube ends.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
First. In bakers and confectioners ovens heated by hot air or gases passing
through open ended tubes or passages arranged in series adjacent to the baking
chamber or chambers, providing the said tubes with dampers to open and close
their ends so that each series or system of tubes can be independently controlled
for regulating the heating of the baking chamber or chambers, substantially as
described and illustrated.
Second. In ovens of the kind described, the combination of open ended tubes
or passages arranged in series adjacent to the baking chamber or chambers, a
supply flue common to all the series and into which one of the end of the said
tubes or passage extend, a coupling flue also common to all the series of tubes and
into which the other ends of the said tubes project and discharge, said coupling

page_text: flue being in communication with the chimney flue or its equivalent, and dampers
arranged within either of the said flues to open and close the tube ends so that
each series are independent and controlled by one damper, substantally as de-
scribed and set forth.
Third. In ovens of the kind described, the combination of open ended tubes or
passages d, a supply flue e, a coupling flue f, and dampers g, all constructed
arranged and operating in the manner described and set forth in the drawings.
Dated this 31st day of July 1899
W. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
11, Burlington Chambers, New Street, Birmingham,
Patent Agents for the Applicant.