IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF CERTAIN TEXTILE FABRICS CALLED PELLONES, AND USED FOR SADDLE COVERS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE SAME
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Daniel Jones Crossley, of Hebden Bridge, in the
County of York, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE TREATMENT OF CERTAIN TEXTILE FABRICS CALLED PELLONES, AND USED
FOR SADDLE COVERS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING
THE SAME."
Sealed the 5th February 1858, and dated the 6th August 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Daniel Jones Crossley
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th August 1857.
I, DANIEL JONES CROSSLEY, of Hebden Bridge, in the County of York,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF CERTAIN TEXTILE FABRICS, CALLED 'PELLONES,' AND
USED FOR SADDLE COVERS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE
SAME," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a particular class of textile fabric which are well
known in the South American trade, and are generally used for saddle covers,
but may be used as rugs, mats, &c.; they are woven with long terry or pile
loops formed upon their surface, which, when cut, as commonly done, require
to be slightly pointed, tapered, or attenuated at the ends, so as to present the
woolly or fleecy appearance of hair upon a natural skin. To effect this
object, when the piece is woven and the loops cut [as hitherto done and so

page_text: left as complete], I further treat, finish, or point the ends of the pile or terry
as follows: I temporarily join or unite the ends of the "pellon" together, so
as to form an endless cloth; this is distended over or between two adjustable
rollers, which may be driven or worked by hand or power, so as to cause the
cloth to rotate, and allowing the long ends of the pile or terry to hang down
below the bottom roller; at any convenient situation I place a roller or
rollers covered with coarse "cards" (or other equivalent combing substitute),
which rollers may either revolve or otherwise, and which, as the fabric
progresses, will card, tear, or comb the ends or extremities of the cut toop or
pile into soft unevently pointed or tufted forms, which will have the effect
required, in close imitation of the real hair upon a skin or fleece, instead of
leaving the terry or pile undressed or uncombed when cut, as heretofore.
The kind of wool or hair I find the most preferable for such manufactures is
"alpaca" wool or "mohair," but "pellones" made from worsted, &c. may be
similarly treated with the same improved effect.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Daniel Jones Crossley in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 6th February 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, DANIEL
JONES CROSSLEY, of Hebden Bridge, in the County of York, Manufacturer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Daniel Jones Crossley, Her especial license that I, the said
Daniel Jones Crossley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Daniel Jones Crossley, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF CERTAIN TEXTILE FABRICS,
CALLED PELLONES,' AND USED FOR SADDLE COVERS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE SAME," upon the condition, amongst others, that
I, the said Daniel Jones Crossley, by an instrument in writing under my

page_text: hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be informed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Daniel Jones Crossley, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement and accompanying Drawings, that is to say:-
My Invention relates to a particular class of textile fabric which are well
known in the South American trade, which are called "pellones," and are
generally used for saddle covers, but may be used as rugs, mats, &c.; they are
woven with long terry or pile loops formed upon their surface, which when
cut, as commonly done, require to be slightly pointed, tapered, or attenuated
at the ends, so as to present the woolley or fleecy appearance of hair upon a
natural skin. To effect this object, when the piece is woven and the loops cut
(as hitherto done and so left as complete), I further treat, finish, or point the
ends of the pile or terry as follows:-I temporarily join or unite the ends of
the "pellon" together, so as to form an endless cloth; this is distended over
or between two adjustable rollers, which may be driven or worked by hand or
power, so as to cause the cloth to rotate, and allowing the long ends of the pile
or terry to hang down below the bottom roller; at any convenient situation
I place a roller or rollers covered with coarse "cards" (or other equivalent
combing substitute), which rollers may either revolve or otherwise, and which
as the fabric progresses will card, tear, or comb the ends or extremities of the
cut loop or pile into soft unevenly pointed or tufted forms, which will have
the effect required, in close imitation of the real hair upon a skin or fleece,
instead of leaving the terry or pile undressed or uncombed when cut, as
heretofore. The kind of wool or hair I find the most preferable for such
manufactures is "alpaca" wool or "mohair," but "pellones" made from
worsted, &c. may be similarly treated with the same improved effect.
In order that the Invention may be more readily understood and explained
in detail, I have hereunto attached a Sheet of Drawings, made upon a scale of
about two inches to a foot, having similar letters of reference marked upon
corresponding parts of the apparatus in both Figures.
Fig. 1 is an end view of the apparatus, shewn in section; and Fig. 2 a front
view of the same. In Fig. 1 a, a, is the framing, in which are mounted the
rollers b and b', over and around which the "pellon " c, formed into an endless
cloth, is distended; the top roller 6 turns upon the shaft d, which is capable of
adjustment by means of the screws and bevil wheels e, e. The roller 6' hangs

page_text: upon the "pellon," and is weighted to keep the endless cloth at a proper
tension by the weight f suspended from it. g is a hand wheel upon the
roller b', by which means the "pellon" c is turned or caused to rotate as the
ends or extremities of the cut loops become pointed or tapered by the carding
or combing roller h, which revolves at a high speed, being driven by power.
i, i, are slight bars extending across the fabric, and bound thereto at each
selvedge by a clip for the purpose of preventing the cut loops or pile from
becoming disordered or entangled. It will be seen that when the roller or
drum his caused to rotate the fibres, cut loops, or pile of the "pellon "hanging
on to or coming into contact with such combing surface, will become pointed or
combed into soft, uneven, or tufted forms, resembling the real hair upon a
skin, and by means of the adjustable roller 6 the action of the roller h may be
accommodated to the varying lengths of the fibres, and when one portion of
the "pellon" has been submitted sufficiently to the action of the combs, by
turning the hand wheel of the roller 61, another or undressed portion will be
presented thereto, and when finished it may be removed from the machine by
disconnecting the two ends of the "pellon."
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, together with the
manner of performing the same, I would remark in conclusion that I claim.
pointing or tapering the cut loops, pile, or fibres of "pellones" in close
imitation of a real skin or fleece, whether by means of the machinery herein-
before described, set forth, and fully illustrated in the Drawings attached, or
by any other suitable mechanical equivalent that may be designed to effect the
desired object.
In witness whereof, I, the said-Daniel-Jones-Crossley,-have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Second day of February, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
DANIEL JONES CROSSLEY. (L.S.)