Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Mar., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 6th Jan., 1900-Accepted, 17th Mar., 1900
I, WILLIAM ERNEST PHILBROW, of No. 22, Bath Street, Huddersfield, Yorkshire,
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:
"
My invention relates to internal combustion engines, following the "Beau-de-
Rochas от "Otto" cycle, its object being to obtain an impulse at every out
stroke of the piston.
My invention consists of the following combination of cylinder, piston, and
valves:-
-
A cylinder having two different diameters (technically known as a "differential"
cylinder), fitted with a differential trunk piston which is connected by means of
a rod or rods to a crank shaft; this piston preventing the contents of one
diameter of the cylinder from passing into the other diameter; the whole form-
ing the equivalent of two separate cylinders with one piston reciprocating in
both at the same time.
A valve box or chamber containing two inlet and two exhaust valves, an inlet
and exhaust valve communicating with each diameter of the cylinder; the inlet
valves working automatically and the exhaust valves by means of rods or levers
operated by eccentric or cam disc's or disc in connection with the crank shaft.
By means of the above combination of "differential" cylinder, piston, and
valves the "Otto" cycle is carried out in each diameter of the cylinder, and an
explosion occurs at every out-stroke of the piston, alternately, in each diameter
of the cylinder; the contents of the small diameter being exploded behind the
trunk of the piston, and the contents of the large diameter, in the annular space
round the trunk behind the large diameter of the piston.
To silence the exhaust and to obtain greater expansion, the front of the large
diameter of the cylinder can be covered, and the exhaust products expanded in
front of the large diameter of the piston at every return or instroke.
Dated this 20th day of March 1899.

page_text: tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:―
61
"
"
My invention relates to internal combustion engines following or operating on
the Beau-de-Rochas or 'Otto" cycle, its object being to obtain an impulse
at every outstroke of the piston.
In order that my invention may be more clearly understood reference may be
made to the accompanying drawing which is a sectional elevation of a complete
engine.
The reference letters in this specification applying to the said drawing.
In constructing an engine according to my invention I employ what is
technically known as a "differential" cylinder Č.
The said cylinder C, consisting of two parts or ends of varying diametrical
dimensions, the smaller. part or end C1, and the larger part or end C2.
Operating within the said cylinder C is a "differential "trunk piston P having
two piston-heads P1 and P2 of diametrical dimensions corresponding to the
diametrical dimensions of the two ends of the said cylinder C1 and C2. This
said piston P, prevents the contents of either end of the cylinder from passing
into the other, and it is operatively connected by means of the rod or rods R,
to a crankshaft. S revolving in the bearings X.
The whole thus forming the equivalent of two separate cylinders with one
single piston reciprocating in both at the same time.
Connected to the said cylinder C, is, a double valve chamber or box B, consist-
ing of an inlet chamber B1 and an exhaust chamber B2; and containing two
inlet valves I and II, and two exhaust valves E and E1.
An inlet and exhaust valve communicating with each end of the cylinder C
by means of the passages A and A'l.
The exhaust valve El, is connected to a hollow, cylindrical spindle H1, which
slides through a packing or stuffing box U, and is rigidly attached to a larger
hollow cylindrical casing N, closed at one end.
The exhaust valve E is connected to a spindle H, which slides through the
hollow spindle H1, and is rigidly attached to a piston or cross head K sliding
within the casing N.
An helical spring is coiled round the said valve spindle H, within the
casing N, between the cross-head K and the end of the hollow spindle II 1.
The said exhaust valves E and El are operated or opened alternately on or
about each inward stroke of the piston P, by means of an eccentric or cam
disc D, preferably revolving at half the speed of the crankshaft S, through the
gear wheels G and G1.
Operatively connected to the disc D by means of the straps V, is a rod or
link L, which slides through a hole in the closed end of the casing N, and is
rigidly attached to a piston or cross-head L 1, sliding within the casing N. When
the disc D revolves it reciprocates link L and crosshead L 1, the said crosshead LI
on its inward stroke engaging with spindle H and lifting open exhaust valve E,
and on its outward or return stroke, the crosshead L1, engages with the end
of casing N, attached to spindle H1, drawing open exhaust valve El. The
spring operating to close both valves, and retain them on their seats. The
two inlet valves I and I1, are preferably operated automatically as is customary
in this type of engine, the helical spring 01 operating to close both inlet valves
and retain them on their seats.
When used for high-speed work the said inlet valves may be operated by
mechanism similar to that operating the exhaust valves.
For large engines the valves are preferably oporated by means of separate,
independent cams, links, rods, and springs.
The inflamable charges are ignited by any suitable means, such as compression
into a red hot tube, or an electric spark. My improved engine operates on the
"Otto" or "four-stroke” cycle, which is carried out alternately in each end of

page_text: the said cylinder C, behind the piston head P1, and the annular ring forming
the piston-head P2, as follows:-
An inflamable charge is drawn from inlet chamber B1, through inlet valve I
and passage A into the smaller end of the cylinder C1, by the outward stroke
of the piston P, causing a partial vacuum. Un or about the completion of this
outward stroke, the inlet valve I is closed, and the exhaust valve El opened.
On the return or inward stroke the charge in cylinder end C1 is compressed
behind the piston head P1, and the contents of the cylinder end 02, behind the
annular piston head P2 are discharged.
On or about the completion of this inward stroke the exhaust valve El is
closed, and the compressed charge in C1 ignited, the force generated by the
combustion again causing the piston to travel outwardly. On this outward stroke
an inflamable charge is drawn from inlet chamber B1, through inlet valve II
and passage A1 into the end of the cylinder C2, behind the annular piston-
head P2.
On or about the completion of this outward stroke, the inlet valve Il is closed
and the exhaust valve E is opened.
On the next return or inward stroke the products of combustion in the cylinder
end C1 are discharged, through exhaust valve E and exhaust chamber B2;
and the charge in cylinder C2 is compressed behind the annular piston head P2.
On or about the completion of this inward stroke the exhaust valve E is closed,
and the compressed charge in C2 again forcing the piston P, out and drawing
a fresh charge through inlet valve I into the cylinder end C1 which charge is
in turn compressed and ignited.
Thus a complete working cycle is carried out alternately in each end or
diameter of the said cylinder C, imparting an impulse to the piston P, on each
outstroke.
To further utilize the products of combustion the front of the larger cylinder
end C2 can be covered, and the products of combustion behind both pisten heads
P1 and P2, discharged and expanded in front of the piston at each instroke.
I do not embody as part of my invention:-
(1) Any mechanism or method of igniting the said charge.
(2) The further expansion of the products of combustion in the larger eylinder
end 02, at each instroke of the piston P.
It is evident that one or more complete combinations of cylinder, piston, and
valves may be connected to the same crankshaft, and that I may considerably
vary the construction and arrangement of parts of my invention, without depart-
ing from the spirit or scope there-of.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed; I declare that what
I claim is:-
or
(1) In an internal combustion engine following or operating on the "Otto"
four-stroke" cycle, to oblain an impulse at each outstroke of the piston, by
means of the combination of mechanism substantially as herein described and
shown.
(2) In an "Otto" cycle internal combustion engine, the combination of a
cylinder and piston of varying diametrical dimensions, and inlet and exhaust
valves communicating with each part of the said cylinder, substantially as herein
described and shown.
Dated this 21st day of December 1899.
WILLIAM ERNEST PHILBROW,
Applicant.