Improvements in Gas Motors.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Apr., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 16th May, 1892-Accepted, 18th June, 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Gas Motors.
I, FAUSTO MORANI of Due Macelli 73, Rome, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
―:
This invention relates to improvements in gas motors in which the mixture of air
and gas is compressed before explosion, and has reference especially to the
mechanism for effecting the distribution and mixing the air with gas, and also to
the governor and to the igniting device.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 is a side elevation partly in section of part of a horizontal motor working
with a four-stroke cycle according to this invention.
Fig. 2 is an end view partly in section; and
Fig. 3 a plan of the same also partly in section.
Figs. 4 and 44 are detail views of an igniting device according to this invention.
Figs. 5 and 6 show to a smaller scale the general arrangement of a vertical and
a horizontal gas engine respectively according to this invention.
In Figs. 1, 2 and 3, O is the rear portion of the cylinder, M the cylinder cover,
J the horizontal countershaft, which receives its motion from the main shaft of the
engine as usual by means of toothed wheels or worm wheels, which rotate the
countershaft J at exactly half the speed of the crank shaft.
The distributing devices consist of the casing A containing the gas distributing
valve a; the casing B in which works the valve b which effects the distribution of
the mixture of air and gas, or of the air alone; the speed governor R; and the
actuating mechanism.
The gas enters the casing A through the union d, and the air enters the casing B
through the union N. On the upper end of the spindle of the valve a rests
freely the end e of a lever L, which is capable of oscillation about a pivot fat its
other end.
The casing B which is connected by a conduit with the cylinder, surrounds the
valve and its valve seat S, and is fixed upon a shoulder or projection 9 cast in
one with the cylinder cover N. During the suction stroke, the mixing valve b
will be depressed and held open as a result of the suction by which means the
cylinder is filled with explosive mixture or with air alone, according as the gas
valve a is kept open or closed by the action of the governor R during the said
stroke of the piston. When the valve a is open, the gas coming from the gas
meter or the carburetter fills first the annular space around the valve seat S and
then passes through the perforations therein, to the interior of the valve seat,
where it meets the air that enters the casing B through the pipe N.
The valves a and b are pressed lightly against their seats by spiral springs h
and k.
The governor shown in Figs. 12 and 3 consists of a sleeve 1 which is provided
with a pulley E rotated by means of a belt from a pulley I keyed on the counter
shaft J. It will be readily understood that, if desired, the transmission of this
motion may be effected in any other manner, as for example, by mean- of toothed
gearing. The sleeve I surrounds the spiral spring 2 which has a tendency to
oppose the action of the centrifugal force exerted upon the governor arms and ¹.
The sleeve 1 rotates in a tubular part 3, which is cast in one with the valve
casing B.
A spring 4 has a tendency to keep the end m of a rod 5 in contact
with the end n of the governor spindle 6, the other end of said rod 5 being pivoted
at o to a depending pin 7 extending down to the above mentioned lever L, said
pin 7 being capable of oscillation about a pin p on a lever T. This lever T is

page_text: jointed at c to an arm 8 fixed to the valve casing A, its up and down motion being
rendered dependent on that of the valve by means of the rods g g' arranged at
the other end of the said lever T which connects it with the valve spindle of the
valve b.
When now the valve moves away from its seat S during suction, the valve a
will be caused to open, by the point of the pin 7 in its downward movement striking
against the solid portion of the lever L, and thereby pressing the spindle of the
valve a downward. If the speed of the motor exceeds a certain predetermined
limit, thereby causing the angle between the governor arms to exceed that
corresponding to the normal working of the motor, the point of the pin 7 will pass
through the recess 9 of the lever L and the valve a will remain closed. When
the governor arms are closed, which can only happen when the motor is at rest or
in the event of the governor belt breaking or slipping off suddenly, the point of
the pin 7 will pass through the recess 10 of the lever L and allow the gas valve a
to close. For this reason the recess 10 can be dispensed with, when the trans-
mission of motion to the governor is effected by means of toothed wheels, in which
case the small arresting sector 12 which is only employed in starting the engine,
becomes superfluous.
From this it will be seen that with distributing devices according to this
invention, the two distributing valves act automatically by reason of the suction
caused by the stroke of the piston, that is to say, the suction brings about the
opening of the gas inlet valve, which would otherwise have a tendency to remain
closed under the action of said suction.
"
The igniting device consists as usual of a metallic tube (Figs. 2 and 4) which
is enclosed by a sleeve or tube y and is heated by a flame to incandescence.
Igniting devices of this kind are in general use, but according to this invention a
differential piston P1 P2 is employed, one of its ends forming a valve as shown,
which moves automatically to and fro in a casing W attached to the cylinder cover
the object of which is to allow a small quantity of the explosive mixture compressed
in the cylinder to pass into the igniting tube u at the end of each compression
stroke of the engine piston for the purpose of causing thereby the ignition of the
whole quantity of gas which produces the motive power. The igniting tube u is
screwed upon the casing W which is in constant communication with the com-
pression chamber of the engine cylinder.
=
The differential piston P P is subjected to the pressure of a spiral spring a*
such that as soon as the valve bears against its seat, the igniting tube u will come
into communication with the outer air through the recesses v, 23 of the
spindles of the pistons P & P2. Thus when the spring is pressed by means of the
screw in such a manner that the valve can open only when the engine piston
approaches the end of its compression stroke, the valve in opening will close
communication between the ignition tube u and the outer air, whilst the mixture of
gas and air will simultaneously enter the tube and cause the ignition of the
mixture within the cylinder. When the pressure in the cylinder is insufficient to
compress the spring and to open the valve the latter returns on to its seat
and the ignition tube u is again brought into communication with the outer air.
נית
F. MORANI,
By L. W., per F. B.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Gas Motors.
I, FAUSTO MORANI, of Due Macelli 73 Rome, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in gas motors in which the mixture of
E

page_text: air and gas is compressed before explosion, and has reference especially to the
mechanism for effecting the distribution and mixing the air with gas, and also to
the governor and to the igniting device.
In the drawings left with my Provisional Specification
Fig. 1 is a side elevation partly in section of part of a horizontal motor working
with a four-stroke cycle according to this invention;
Fig. 2 an end view partly in section; and
Fig. 3 a plan also partly in section of the same.
Figs. 4 and 4 are detail views of an iguiting device according to this invention.
Figs. 5 and 6 show to a smaller scale the general arrangement of a vertical and
a horizontal gas engine respectively, according to this invention.
In Figs. 1, 2 and 3, O is the rear portion of the cylinder, M the cylinder cover,
J the horizontal counter-shaft, which receives its motion from the main shaft of the
engine as usual by means of toothed wheels or worm wheels, which rotate the
counter-shaft J at exactly half the speed of the crank shaft.
The distributing apparatus comprises the casing A containing the gas distributing
valve a; the casing B in which works the valve which effects the distribution of
the mixture of air and gas, or of the air alone; the governor R; and the actuating
mechanism. The gas enters the casing A through the union d and the air enters
the casing B through the union N. On the upper end of the spindle of the valve a
rests freely the end e of a lever L, which is capable of oscillation about a pivot at
its other end.
The casing B which is connected by a conduit with the cylinder, surrounds the
valve b and its valve seat S and is fixed upon a shoulder or projection y, cast in
one with the cylinder cover M.
During the suction stroke, the mixing valve will be depressed and held open
as a result of the suction, the cylinder being filled with explosive mixture or with
air alone, according as the gas valve a is kept open or closed by the action of
the governor R during the said stroke of the piston. When the valve a is open, the
gas coming from the gas meter or the carburetter first fills the annular space
around the valve seat S and then passes, through the perforations therein, to
the interior of the valve seat, where it meets the air that enters the casing B
through the pipe N.
The valves a and b are pressed lightly against their seats by spiral springs hi
and k.
The governor shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 consists of a sleeve 1 which is provided
with a pulley E rotated by means of a belt from a pulley F keyed on the counter-
shaft J. It will be readily understood that, if desired, the transmission of this
motion may be effected in any other manner, as for example, by means of toothed
gearing.
The sleeve surrounds a spiral spring 2 which has a tendency to oppose the
action of the centrifugal force exerted upon the governor arms and . The
sleeve 1 rotates with as little friction as possible in a tubular part 3, cast in one
with the valve casing B. A spring 4 has a tendency to keep the end m of a rod 5
in contact with the end n of the governor spindle 6, the other end of said rod 5
being pivoted at o to a depending pin 7 extending down to the above mentioned
lever L, the said pin 7 being capable of oscillation about a pin pon a lever T.
This lever T is jointed at e to an arm 8 fixed to the valve casing A, its up and
down motion being rendered dependent on that of the valve by means of the
rods g g arranged at the other end of the said lever T, which connect it with the
valve spindle of the valve b.
When now the valve moves away from its seat S during suction, the valve a
will be caused to open, by the point of the pin 7 in its downward movement striking
against the solid portion v of the lever L, and thereby pressing the spindle of the
valve a downward.
If the speed of the motor exceeds a certain predetermined limit, thereby causing
the angle between the governor arms to exceed that corresponding to the normal

page_text: working of the motor the point of the pin 7 will pass through the recess 9 of the
lever Land the valve a will remain closed.
When the governor arms are closed, which can only happen when the motor is at
rest or in the event of the governor belt breaking or slipping off suddenly, the
point of the pin 7 will pass through the recess 10 of the lever Land allow the gas
valve a to close. For this reason the recess 10 can be dispensed with when the
transmission of motion to the governor is effected by means of toothed wheels, in
which case the small arresting sector 12 which is only employed in starting the
engine becomes superfluous.
It will thus be understood that with distributing devices according to this
invention, the two distributing valves act automatically by reason of the suction
caused by the stroke of the piston, that is to say, the suction brings about the
opening of the gas inlet valve, which would otherwise have a tendency to remain
closed under the action of said suction.
The igniting device consists as usual of a metallic tube u (Figs. 2 and 4) which
is enclosed by a sleeve or tube y and is heated by a flame to incandescence.
Igniting devices of this kind are in general use, but according to this invention a
differential piston P P is employed, one of its ends forming a valve as shewn
which moves automatically to and fro in a casing W attached to the cylinder cover,
the object of this being to allow a small quantity of the explosive mixture com-
pressed in the cylinder to pass into the igniting tube u at the end of each compression
stroke of the engine piston for the purpose of causing the ignition of the whole
quantity of gas which produces the motive power. The igniting tube u 18 screwed
upon the casing W which is in constant communication with the compression chamber
of the engine cylinder.
The differential piston P1 P2 is subjected to the pressure of a spiral spring * such
that as soon as the valvez bears against its seat, the igniting tube will come into
communication with the outer air through the recesses v, v¹, v², v³, v¹, v³ of the
spindles of the pistons P' and P2. Thus when the spring is pressed by means of the
screw in such a manner that the valve can open only when the engine piston
approaches the end of its compression stroke, the valve in opening will close
communication between the ignition tube u and the outer air, whilst the mixture
of gas and air will simultaneously enter the tube u, and cause the ignition of the
mixture within the cylinder. When the pressure in the cylinder is insufficient
to compress the spring and to open the valvez, the latter returns to its seat
and the ignition tube u is again brought into communication with the outer air.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In gas motors of the kind referred to, distributing apparatus comprising two
valves a and b constructed and arranged to operate automatically by reason of the
suction produced by the engine piston substantially as described and shewn in
Figs. 1, 2 and 3 of the drawings.
2. In gas motors of the kind referred to, automatic igniting apparatus constructed
with a differential piston valve P¹ P² Z substantially as described and shewn in
Figs. 2 and 4 of the drawings.
3. In a gas motor, the combination of distributing apparatus of the kind
referred to, with a governor R and mechanism for transmitting movement from the
governor to the gas inlet valve a substantially as described and shewn in Fig. 1 of
the drawings.
F. MORANI,
By L. W., per F. B.