Articles Made of Wood Pulp or Analogous Fibrous Material.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Sept., 1887
Complete Left, 7th Oct., 1887
Complete Accepted, 22nd Nov., 1887
[Communicated from abroad by PERSON COLBY CHENEY, ex-Governor
Manchester, New Hampshire, United States of America, Manufacturer.]
Articles Made of Wood Pulp or Analogous Fibrous Material.
I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE of the firm of Haseltine Lake and Co. Patent Agents
Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to an improved process of treating articles made of pulp,
wood, or analogous fibrous material, such as wood-pulp pails and other hollow
vessels, in fact all the various kinds of pulp-ware, wooden ware and fibrous ware
whereby said articles may be water-proofed and indurated, and it relates likewise to
the product resultant from this mode of treatment. The object of the said invention
is to render the articles impervious to moisture and proof against the corrosive and
destructive action of acids and alkalies, also to provide them with a surface capable
of receiving a high degree of polish and at the same time will not be liable to peel
off or break or be easily subject to disfigurement and marring when brought into
contact with other things.
Processes have heretofore been devised for accomplishing the desired result by
employing saturating baths for the articles, in which linseed oil or paraffine was the
sole or chief ingredient. My invention however dispenses with the use of linseed oil
or paraffine, and proceeds by a novel cheap and more effective process, to impart to
the pulp or fibrous articles those characteristics of impermeability, hardness, toughness,
and strength which it is necessary for them to possess.
In carrying out my improved process I first commingle resin and cotton-seed oil
or analogous substances in suitable proportions by weight which vary according to
the properties which it is desired the article may have after treatment.
If a very
stiff firm product is desired more resin is used. In general I prefer to use one part
of resin and two parts of cotton seed oil. The mixed resin and cotton seed oil are

page_text: boiled together for five hours at a temperature of about 600°. The articles to be
treated are then immersed in this mixture at a somewhat lower temperature, say
about 300° more or less, as the article may seem to require. After the articles have
become thoroughly saturated they are removed from the bath, and allowed to stand
for twelve hours or so before baking.
The soaked articles are next placed into an oven and baked for an hour at a
temperature of 100°. The temperature is then increased until about 225° is reached,
the articles continuing to bake at that heat, until there is no odour or gas about
them. This usually requires about eight hours, and the resulting article is a firm
solid body the surface of which however has no gloss.
In order to furnish the article or material with a good and permanent gloss that
will not crack or be otherwise liable to injury, I use cotton seed oil, litharge, and
resin, the parts being proportioned substantially as follows: seventy per cent. of
cotton seed-oil, twenty per cent. of resin and ten per cent. of litharge or thereabouts.
These constituents are boiled together for five hours at a high temperature of about
600°, the composition is then partially cooled and strained off. It is then ready
for use.
The articles to be treated are dipped into the mixture thus prepared when at a
temperature of about 200° and are allowed to remain therein only long enough to
have their surfaces completely covered. They are then placed immediately in the
oven again, and baked at a temperature of about 225°. For common ware such as
pails tubs and the like, this baking should be continued for about eight hours or until
no gas or odour escapes from the article. The last and finishing coat is given by
repeating the last immersion and again baking and thus a good gloss is given to the
articles so that they will be enabled to withstand the action of chemicals or other
substances or liquids.
I am aware that linseed oil has heretofore been used for purposes similiar to those
contemplated in the use of cotton seed oil in the present invention but chemically
cotton seed oil is not the equivalent of linseed oil. Linseed oil is an oxidizing or
drying oil, its principal constituent being linolein a body peculiar to drying oil.
Cotton seed oil is a non oxydizing non drying oil consisting entirely of a mixture of
palmitin and olein, bodies which are valuable for making soaps and lubricants. In a
pure condition this oil undergoes little change through the influence of the atmosphere,
but if impurities are present a slow fermentation sets in rendering it thick and
greasy. It could be thickened by heat, but this is due to volatile matters being
thrown off, and not to oxidation.
1011
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements relating to the Induration and Water-proofing of
Articles Made of Wood Pulp or Analogous Fibrous Material.
I HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co. Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to an improved process of treating articles made of pulp, wood,
or analogous fibrous material such as wood-pulp pails and other hollow vessels, in fact
all the various kinds of pulp-ware, wooden ware and fibrous ware whereby said
articles may be water-proofed and indurated, and it relates likewise to the product
resultant from this mode of treatment.
The object of the said invention is to render the articles impervious to moisture and
proof against the corrosive and destructive action of acids and alkalies, also to provide
them with a surface capable of receiving a high degreo of polish, and, at the same time
will not be liable to peel off or break or be easily subject to disfigurement and
marring when brought into contact with other things.
Processes have heretofore been devised for accomplishing the desired result by
employing saturating baths for the articles, in which linseed oil or paraffine was the
sole or chief ingredient. My invention however dispenses with the use of linseed
oil or paraffine, and proceeds by a novel, cheap and more effective process, to impart
to the pulp or fibrous articles those characteristics of impermeability hardness,
toughnesss, and strength which it is necessary for them to possess.
In carrying out my improved process I first commingle resin and cotton-seed oil
or analogous substances, in suitable proportions by weight which vary according to
the properties which it is desired the article may have after treatment.
If a very stiff firm product is desired more resin is used. In general I prefer to
use one part of resin, and two parts of cotton seed oil. The mixed resin and cotton-
seed oil are boiled together for five hours at a temperature of about 600° Fahrenheit.
The articles to be treated are then immersed in this mixture at a somewhat lower
temperature, say about 300° Fahrenheit, more or less, as the article may seem to
require. After the articles have become thoroughly saturated they are removed from
the bath, and allowed to stand for twelve hours or so before baking.
The soaked articles are next placed into an oven and baked for an hour at a
temperature of 100° Fahrenheit. The temperature is then increased until about 225°
Fahrenheit, is reached, the articles continuing to bake at that heat, until there is no
odor or gas about them. This usually requires about eight hours, and the resulting
articles is a
firm, solid body, the surface of which however has no gloss.

page_text: In order to furnish the article or material with a good and permanent gloss that will
not crack or be otherwise liable to injury, I use cotton seed oil, litharge and resin the
parts being proportioned substantially as follows; Seventy per cent. of cotton-seed
oil, twenty per cent. of resin and ten per cent. of litharge or thereabouts. These
constituents are boiled together for five hours at a high temperature of about
600° Fahrenheit, the composition is then partially cooled and strained off. It is then
ready for use.
The articles to be treated are dipped into the mixture thus prepared when at a
temperature of about 200° Fahrenheit and are allowed to remain therein only long
enough to have their surfaces completely covered. They are then placed immediately
in the oven again, and baked at a temperature of about 225° Fahrenheit.
common ware such as pails tubs and the like, this baking should be continued for
about eight hours, or until no gas or odor escapes from the article.
For
The last and finishing coat is given by repeating the last immersion and again
baking and thus a good gloss is given to the articles so that they will be enabled to
withstand the action of chemicals or other substances or liquids.
I am aware that linseed oil has heretofore been used for purposes similar to those
contemplated in the use of cotton seed oil in the present invention, but chemically,
cotton seed oil is not the equivalent of linseed oil. Linseed oil is an oxidizing or
drying oil, the principal constituent being linolein a body peculiar to drying oil.
Cotton seed oil is a non oxidizing non-drying oil, consisting entirely of a mixture of
palmitin and olein, bodies which are valuable for making soaps and lubricants. In a
pure condition this oil undergoes little change through the influence of the atmosphere,
but if impurities are present a slow fermentation sets in rendering it thick and greasy.
It could be thickened by heat, but this is due to volatile matters being thrown off, and
not to oxidation.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed as cominunicated to me by my foreign
correspondent I declare that what I claim is :-
First. The herein described process of treating pulp, wood or analogous fibrous
articles, for the purpose of water-proofing indurating and making the same tough and
impervious, which consists in saturating said articles in a hot bath of melted resin
and cotton seed oil or analogous substances substantially as described.
Second. The herein described process of treating pulp, or fibrous ware, so as to
harden and render it impervious, which consists in first immersing the article in a
heated mixture of melted resin and cotton seed oil or analogous substances, and
subsequently baking them substantially as described.
Third. The method herein specified of treating pulp, wood or analogous fibrous
articles, for the purpose of waterproofing and indurating the same which consists in
saturating said articles in a heated mixture of cotton seed oil, resin and litharge or
analogous substances, substantially as described.
Fourth. The method herein described of treating pulp, wood, or analogous fibrous
articles for the purpose of water proofing and indurating the same, which consists in
saturating said articles in a heated mixture of cotton seed oil and resin or analogous
substances, then baking the articles, and then immersing them in a hot bath of cotton
seed oil litharge and resin substantially as described.
Fifth. The method herein specified of treating pulp or fibrous articles, which con-
sists in saturating said articles in a heated mixture of resin and cotton seed oil, then
baking them, next immersing them in cotton-seed oil litharge and resin, again baking,
and then repeating the last immersion and baking substantially as described.
Sixth. The herein described process of treating pulp ware, wood, or analogous
fibrous substances which consists in first saturating the article in a heated mixture of
resin and cotton seed oil, then baking them for a shorter time at a lower temperature
and for a longer time at a higher temperature, next immersing them in a heated
mixture of cotton seed oil, litharge and resin and then baking again substantially as
described.

page_text: Seventh. The herein described material consisting of pulp, wood, or analogous
fibrous substances that has been indurated, toughened and rendered impervious in a
mixture of melted resin, and cotton seed oil substantially as described.
Eighth. The herein described material consisting of pulp, wood or analogous fibrous
material having its interstices filled with melted cotton seed oil litharge and resin
substantially as described.
Ninth. The herein described material consisting of pulp or fibrous material, that
has been surfaced with a mixture of cotton seed oil litharge and resin substantially as
described.