IM- PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Pye, of Blackburn, Robert Smith, of
Longridge, near Preston, and Benjamin Croasdale, of Whitton, near
Blackburn, all in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS."
Sealed the 12th October 1858, and dated the 14th April 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Pye, Robert
Smith, and Benjamin Croasdale at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 14th April 1858.
We, GEORGE PYE, of Blackburn, ROBERT SMITH, of Longridge, near
Preston, and BENJAMIN CROASDALE, of Whitton, near Blackburn, all in the
County of Lancaster, do bereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS," to be as follows:-
Firstly, we employ one or more tappets on the tappet shaft to give motion
to one or more treddles placed in the interior of the loom, the said treddles
being employed to draw down hooks attached to the healds for the purpose of
making a shed according to the pattern required, the hooks being pushed on
the treddle or treddles by pegs or projections on a pattern cylinder, held off
by means of springs of any material, motion being given to the said pattern
cylinder by means of a worm wheel on its shaft working into a worm on
the tappet shaft, or by other suitable gearing. The aforesaid hooks give

page_text: motion to the healds by means of jacks and springs or guide pulleys and
springs.
Secondly, we arrange an improved drop-box motion by attaching a hook to
the lever connected to the boxes, which hook is pushed in the way of the
treddle, when the position of the boxes has to be changed, by means of pegs
or projections on a cylinder, the said lever being held by a catch as long as
required; a spring of any material being employed for pulling the hook out
of the way of the treddle in order to cause the box to return to its original
position.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Pye, Robert Smith, and Benjamin Croasdale in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 14th October 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, GEORGE
PYE, of Blackburn, ROBERT SMITH, of Longridge, near Preston, and BENJAMIN
CROASDALE, of Whitton, near Blackburn, all in the County of Lancaster, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said George Pye, Robert Smith, and Benjamin Croasdale, Her special licence
that we, the said George Pye, Robert Smith, and Benjamin Croasdale, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said George
Pye, Robert Smith, and Benjamin Croasdale, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that we, the said George Pye, Robert Smith, and Benjamin Croasdale, by
an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and
seal of one or more of us, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said George Pye, Robert Smith, and
Benjamin Croasdale, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement (that is to say):-
We employ one or more tappets to give motion to one or more treddles
placed in the interior of the loom, which treddles are employed to draw down
hooks attached to the healds for the purpose of making a shed according to
the pattern required. The hooks are pushed under the treddle or treddles by
pegs or projections on one or more pattern cylinders, and held off by means
of springs of any material. Motion is given to each pattern cylinder by means
of a worm wheel on its shaft working into a worm on the tappet shaft, or by
any other suitable gearing. When two treddles are used their ends are
attached by a band, chain, or cord to a pulley or drum, so that when one is
pushed down the other rises, the healds being attached to quadrants, or to
jacks and springs, or guide pulleys and springs. These improvements will be
clearly understood by reference to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, with
the figures and letters of reference thereon.
Fig. 1 represents a transverse elevation of one of the end frames and other
parts of a loom having our improvements attached, the other frame being
removed in order to shew the interior thereof; and Fig. 2, a longitudinal
elevation of part of a loom, giving a front view of the hooks and pattern
cylinders, with the mode of working them. In the Figures we represent the
employment of two treddles a working on their fulcrums b, and connected at
their ends to the strap, chain, or cord c, fixed to the pulley d, so that when
one treddle is pushed down the other rises up. The downward motion is
imparted to the treddles by the tappets e, fixed to the shaft f, to which is also
fixed the toothed wheel g, geared into another toothed wheel h, fastened to
the ordinary tappet shaft i, so that when the loom is in motion the tappets
revolve and the treddles move up and down. The healds are shewn at k
connected to quadrants 7, working on studs m, so that the movement of one
is perfectly independent of another. The shed is formed according to the
pattern by attaching the healds to the hooked rods n, placed so that their
The hooks are held
hooks may come in contact or not with the treddles a.
off from the treddles by the springs o, and pushed under them by the pro-
jections on the pattern cylinders r, which revolve by fixing on their shafts s
worm wheels t, geared into the worms u on the ordinary tappet shaft i. Each
hook is governed by projections arranged according to the pattern of the cloth
to be woven, and also rises and falls the distance corresponding to its position
on the treddle, so that a less depth of shed will be given at the front than at

page_text: the back. The pattern cylinders, either with or without pattern chains, may
be made of any convenient size, and have motion given to them in any suitable
manner, and the tappets may be driven by a toothed wheel on their shaft
gearing into a toothed wheel on the crank shaft, either with or without the
intervention of a carrier wheel.
Having thus fully described the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, we desire it to be distinctly understood
that we do not confine ourselves to the precise details herein set forth, as such
may be varied or modified without departing from the principle thereof; but
we claim as our Invention, and which to the best of our knowledge and belief
has not been hitherto used within the realm, the employment of pattern
cylinders or chains working in the interior of the loom for the purpose of
governing the positions of the hooks attached to the healds, with the apparatus
for working the same, as herein described, and illustrated in the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said George Pye, Robert Smith, and
Benjamin Croasdale, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this
Thirteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-eight.
GEORGE PYE.
ROBERT SMITH.
(L.S.)
(L.S.)
BENJAMIN CROASDALE. (L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named George Pye, Robert
Smith, and Benjamin Croasdale, in
the presence of
E. J. HUGHES, Patent Agent,
Manchester.