matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN KNIVES FOR REAPING MACHINES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Gardner and Andrew
Lindsay at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 2nd October 1860.
We, PETER GARDNER and ANDREW LINDSAY, of the Town and County of
Stirling, North Britain, Reaping Machine Makers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN KNIVES FOR REAPING
MACHINES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to an improved mode of making the knives used in
reaping machines, which serve to sever the stalks of the grain or other crop to
be cut. In the ordinary way of making and arranging these knives, they
are formed of a triangular figure, the upper edges of the knife extending
inwards from the apex are bevelled or chamfered off. These chisel-like edges
are serrated by forming teeth or parallel indentations on the under side of the
knife; at the extreme edges these indentations cut through the metal, and thus
form small notches therein.
In the improved form of knives, the two sides which are bevelled off have
the teeth formed on the upper surface instead of the under side. This mode
of making them is much superior, because, in the ordinary mode, the teeth
are rapidly worn away by the reciprocatory movement of the knives over the
stationary finger bar. On the other hand, the teeth of the knife made according
to these improvements, being on the upper side, are preserved to the last; at
the same time the action of the knife is easier, on account of its smooth under
surface moving unimpeded over the fingers or projecting points, which divide
the crop, and facilitate the cutting action of the knives.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFAC- TURING CERTAIN GASES APPLICABLE IN GENERATING HEAT AND LIGHT, AND IN BLEACHING
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Christopher Binks at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th December
1860.
I, CHRISTOPHER BINKS, of Parliament Street, Westminster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFAC-
TURING CERTAIN GASES APPLICABLE IN GENERATING HEAT AND LIGHT, AND IN
BLEACHING," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is the economical manufacture of chlorine and
oxygen; and as regards the chlorine, it consists in effecting the decomposition
of hydrochloric acid through the agency of oxygen gas mixed with or brought
in contact with the hydrochloric acid, preferably under the conjoint action of a
high temperature and the presence of any substance or substances capable of
retaining or of fixing, by combination or otherwise, the water formed by the
reactions between the oxygen and the hydrogen of the hydrochloric acid, but
not capable of retaining or of fixing the chlorine which is thus liberated in its
gaseous form.
My Invention, as regards the production of oxygen, consists, first, in effecting
the decomposition of water, free or combined, or in its ordinary form, or in that
of steam, or of steam superheated or otherwise through the agency of chlorine
mixed with or brought in contact with the water or the steam under
(preferably) the conjoint action of a high temperature and the presence of any
substance or substances capable of retaining or of fixing, by combination or

page_text: otherwise, the hydrochloric acid formed by the reactions between the hydrogen
of the water and the chlorine, but not capable of retaining or of fixing the
oxygen, which is thus set free in its gaseous form. Secondly, it consists in
manufacturing oxygen by exposing oxides of manganese, preferably the sesqui
and the peroxides to the action of chlorine, and preferably aiding the reactions
between these by means of beat applied either to the oxide or to the chlorine,
or to both, thereby forming chloride of manganese, and setting free in its
gaseous form the combined oxygen of the oxides. The residual chloride of
manganese can then be treated for reoxidation of its metal by methods for
that purpose secured to me by Letters Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth of
May, in the year One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph de Maegt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th July
1860.
I, JOSEPH DE MAEGT, Collector, of Saint Jossetennoode, near the City of
Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in manufacturing paper from the refuse of hops,
such as are used in brewing or for other purposes, in lieu of rags. The refuse
is first to be treated with potash or soda in variable proportions, according to
the degree of cleansing the refuse may require; after which it is to be treated
in the same manner as rags now are in making pulp. I then add to the mass
the required quantities of alum, China clay size, and other substances used by
paper makers, according to the description of paper required to be produced.
The pulp thus prepared may be made into paper in the ordinary way, suitable
for printing on, and a variety of other purposes.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR BOILING AND MIXING SIZE, COLOUR, OR ANY OTHER MATTERS OR SUBSTANCES REQUIRING SUCH TREATMENT
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Carter at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th January
1860.
I, GEORGE CARTER, of Water Street, Blackburn, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR BOILING AND MIXING SIZE, COLOUR,
OR ANY OTHER MATTERS OR SUBSTANCES REQUIRING SUCH TREATMENT," to be as
follows:-
I construct suitable shaped vessels for containing the liquor or other matter
to be operated on having steam chests or chambers or pipes supported or
fixed within for heating with pipes for discharging the condensed water. In
these vessels I place agitators, traversing & oscillating, producing compound
action in each and every agitator, so that a great amount of mixing and
incorporation takes place, by which means flour, colors, or any matter
requiring mixing is more easily accomplisd; these agitators are moved by
a crank or other suitable means. The mixture is drawn off by pipes or a
suitable pump adapted to the vicidity of the matters under treatment.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARTICLES TECHNICALLY KNOWN AS "FLYS" OR "FLYERS" USED IN THE PROCESS OF SPINNING AND PREPARING WOOLLEN, WORSTED, COTTON, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Shaw and Joseph Tunnicliff
Pope at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 26th Juno 1860.
We, JOHN SHAW (Ironmonger), of Burslem, and JOSEPH TUNNICLIFF POPE,
of Burslem (Potter), in the County of Stafford, hereby do declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARTICLES TECHNICALLY KNOWN
AS "FLYS" OR "FLYERS" USED IN THE PROCESS OF SPINNING AND PREPARING
WOOLLEN, WORSTED, COTTON, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
The "flys" or "flyers" now in ordinary use in machinery for preparing
and spinning woollen and other fibrous materials are usually made either
entirely of iron or steel, or partly of both, and are liable to be cut or worn
very soon by the continual friction of the threads running through the eyes or
holes of the said flyers.
Now, this Invention consists in making the eyes or eyelets of such flyers
of earthenware, porcelain, glass, or other vitreous or ceramic material, such
eyes or eyelets to be fastened or attached to the ends of the flyers where they
are subject to be cut or worn by the friction of the threads passing through
or over the same, thereby in a great measure preventing or obviating the
wear and tear to which the flyers are ordinarily subjected by tho friction
of the threads as aforesaid.
These improvements are equally applicable to all sizes of flyers used in
all machinery for preparing and spinning fibrous materials, and the form
and dimentions of the same may be adapted to suit any particular machine or
apparatus that may be adapted for such purpose.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN CON- STRUCTING AN ENDORSING, PRINTING, AND STAMPING PRESS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Reynolds at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd February
1860.
I, JOHN REYNOLDS, of 32, St. James' Road, Holloway, London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN CON-
STRUCTING AN ENDORSING, PRINTING, AND STAMPING PRESS," to be as follows,
viz.:-
The Invention consists of a bar placed horizontally with the bed of the
press; at one end of the bar is a handle. The die stem regulated by a spring
passes through a slot at right angles to the bar; near the other end of the bar
is attached a joint giving a concentric and lateral motion, a concentric for
stamping, and a lateral motion for inking; at the end of the bar is placed a
spring, for the purpose of elevating the die end of the bar when out of use.
The pads or cushions for inking and receiving the impressions are placed in a
position within the range of the die stem; one of the cushions must be placed
obliquely to meet the surface of the die, as its motion is not parallel.
A NEW MACHINE FOR EXCAVATING SEWERS, TUNNELS, AND OTHER SUCH LIKE UNDERGROUND WORK
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Gilbert at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd February
1860.
I, SAMUEL GILBERT, of Coleorton, near Ashby-de-la-Zouch, in the County of
Leicester, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
MACHINE FOR EXCAVATING SEWERS, TUNNELS, AND OTHER SUCH LIKE UNDERGROUND
WORK," to be as follows:-
The objects of this Invention are to excavate sewers, tunnels, and almost
any kind of underground work, and at the same time allowing the building.
of the required number of rings of brickwork without the use of timber to
prevent the slip from above, no more ground being displaced than is neces-
sary, these being done as well in running sand or new ground as in solid
firin ground, and are effected in the following manner :-I propose employing
a cutting shield of the form of the upper part of the tunnel or sewer and sup-
porting it by suitable framing, upon which are powerful screw-jacks, hydraulic
presses, or other suitable power for the purpose of driving said shield forward.
The shield travels over rollers on the top of the frame, and can be made to
travel in a straight line, rise, fall, or turn a course by means of such rollers.
The bearing prop or framing at the back of the brickwork may be formed in
the shape of an X; the lower part thereof serving as an entrance passage to a
waggon road where such is required for clearing away dirt, or other purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REEDS AND IN APPARATUS FOR FORKING THE LEASE OR SHED IN MACHINES FOR SIZING, DRESSING, WARPING, AND WEAVING
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Sidebottom at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th November
1860.
I, JOHN SIDEBOTTOM, of Harewood, near Mottram, in the County of
Chester, Cotton Spinner and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REEDS AND IN APPARATUS FOR FORKING
THE LEASE OR SHED IN MACHINES FOR SIZING, DRESSING, WARPING, AND WEAVING,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention is particularly applicable to the machines used in sizing
warps, but it may be applied to other machines for sizing, dressing, warping
and weaving cotton and other yarns. One object of my Invention is to facili-
tate the operation of forming the lease or shed, that is to say, separating each
alternate yarn from the others. In order to accomplish this I cause the yarn
to pass between the dents of a circular reed, or in circular grooves made in a
shaft which is carried round by the yarn, or turned round from any revolving
part of the machine; these dents separate the yarns from each other, but they
are not sufficiently deep to break the yarn when a knot adheres thereto.
When the lease or shed is to be taken, a second instrument somewhat
like the circular reed is used. This consists of a series of washers on a shaft,
which washers are separated by pieces of different heights placed alternately.
When this instrument is brought into operation the pieces of different heights
acting on the yarns separate each alternate yarn from the other, when the lease
can be taken by introducing a cord or stick between them as usual; the above
may be used in combination or independently of each other.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF KAMPTULICON OR COVERING FOR FLOORS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Richard Jeune at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th December 1860.
I, WILLIAM RICHARD JEUNE, of No. 4, Flower Terrace, Campbell Row,
Bow, in the County of Middlesex, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF KAMPTULICON
OR COVERING FOR FLOORS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
Kamptulicon, as heretofore manufactured, consists of granules or particles
of cork kneaded or worked up and incorporated with india-rubber, and rolled
out to an uniform thickness, the india-rubber being temporarily rendered soft
or plastic by the kneading or working of the material.
Now, one feature of my Invention consists in splitting or dividing a layer or
sheet of ordinary kamptulicon (of sufficient thickness) into two or more thick-
nesses, so as where cut or divided to present smooth or even surfaces, instead
of the ordinary rough or granulated surface.
But such kamptulicon, whether as ordinarily manufactured, or whether
further simply treated by splitting as above-mentioned, is subject, when in use,
to spreading or buckling, a disadvantage to overcome which is another object
of my Invention, and this feature consists in the treatment of ordinary kamp-
tulicon, by softening one or both surfaces with a suitable solvent or solution,
and applying to it or them, that is to say, to one or to each of the sides a layer
or sheet of woven or other fabric or foundation, by rolling or otherwise, so as

page_text: to make them adhere, and the further treatment by splitting or dividing the
compound substance so produced into separate thicknesses, as before.
And my Invention embraces further, the manufacture of kamptulicon with-
out the employment of the material as ordinarily manufactured by applying
between two layers or sheets of woven or other fabric or foundation, or against
one such layer or sheet a stratum of cork granules or particles held or mixed
in a solution or paste of india-rubber or gutta percha, or other similar or
analagous substance, soluble in spirits of turpentine or naptha, sulphide of
carbon, or such like solvent, and rolling or pressing out the combined materials
to the desired thickness (the necessary hardness or solidity being acquired by
the evaporation of the solvent) and further, as in the former parts of my
Invention, in splitting or dividing the substance so produced into separate
thicknesses. And further, my Invention embraces the inserting and applying
a woven or other fabric or foundation (and which may be wire if preferred) by
rolling or otherwise in and between two thicknesses or strata of ordinary
kamptulicon softened on the surface by a suitable solution, or between and in
the midst of a stratum of cork granules or particles held or mixed in a solution
or paste of the character or description above stated. It is to be understood
that the several parts of my Invention may be used either separately or in
combination.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER BOARD, KNOWN BY PAPER MAKERS AS MIDDLES, EXTENSIVELY USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOXES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Brindley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th January
1860.
I, WILLIAM BRINDLEY, of Queenhithe, Upper Thames Street, in the City
of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER BOARD, KNOWN BY PAPER MAKERS AS
MIDDLES, EXTENSIVELY USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOXES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in manufacturing paper board in the following
manner, that is to say, I take paper board or "middles" as commonly pre-
pared for making boxes and other articles from and proceed to treat it in the
following improved manner:-I first pass the same between pressure or other.
rollers so as to calender the paper board, I next subject the same to a
waterproofing and drying process described in a former Patent granted to me
the said William Brindley, and bearing date the 28th February 1849, the
paper board when perfectly dry I again subject to the calendering operation
and the material is then ready for use.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PRESERVING POTATOES, CUT IN PIECES BY A MACHINE FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Stevens at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th July
1860. A communication from abroad by Vignal and Roustain, of Paris,
in the Empire of France.
I, CHARLES STEVENS, Manager of the British & Foreign Office for Patents,
No. 1, Welbeck Street, Cavendish Square, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF
PRESERVING POTATOES, CUT IN PIECES BY A MACHINE FOR THAT PURPOSE," (& that
it has been communicated to me from abroad by Vignal & Roustain, of Paris,
in the Empire of France,) to be as follows:-
The potatoes are carefully washed in cold water, and then plunged, after an
interval of five minutes, in boiling water in which has been dissolved saltpetre
& chloride of lime, in the proportion of about 387 grains of saltpetre, and 77
of chloride of lime, to about 9 gallons of water. They are next withdrawn
from the boiling water & are cut into small pieces by means of a machine con-
structed as follows:-
1st, two iron brackets resting on a wooden frame, & guiding a knife; 2nd,
a perpendicular knife moved by an eccentric; 3rd, an eccentric guided by two
horizontal shafts; 4th, horizontal shafts, each bearing at their end two
cylindrical gearings; 5th, cylindrical gearings worked by a crank; 6th, a
caisson fixed on a wooden frame; 7th, a piece drawing the potato by means of
a counterweight; 8th, two small rollers with six sides, fixed at the two ends

page_text: of a wooden frame; 9th, a counterweight; 10th, an endless cloth passing
round the rollers; 11th, a wooden frame furnished with a metallic cloth which
receives the slices as it passes under the knife; 12th, an extra knife worked
in the same manner, & which is only used when the knife of the machine may
need repairing.
The pieces are left to dry for 24 hours in a drying place in which currents
of air circulate at a temperature of 40° Reaumur, after which they may be
kept for a lengthened period in a perfect state of preservation.
AN IMPROVED MEDICAMENT TO PREVENT AND CURE VENEREAL DISEASES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Gilbee at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th September
1860. A communication from abroad by Noel Pascal, of Paris,
France.
I, HENRY GILBEE, of No. 4, South Street, Finsbury, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "AN
IMPROVED MEDICAMENT TO PREVENT AND CURE VENEREAL DISEASES," to be as
follows, that is to say:-
The Invention communicated to me consists in the employment of the
mikania guaco and comocladia integrifolia, in conjunction with other
substances for the preparation of a liquor to be used for the prevention and
for the treatment of venereal diseases.
The liquor or medicament is prepared as follows:-
I take about 5
pounds Troy of alcohol, about 2 pounds of mikania
guaco, and about 2 pounds of guaco or comocladia integrifolia, and leave the
substances to macerate about one month. At the end of this time I add about
7 pennyweights of the immediate products obtained by the incineration of
the two before-mentioned plants. Alter filtering, I add to the liquor about
three pennyweights of perchloride of iron, and I aromatize with the essences
of rosemary or lavender, and dilute with water according to the required
application.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESSING OR GIVING LUSTRE TO SILKS, RIBBONS, AND OTHER FABRICS, ALSO TO THREADS AND YARNS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Medwin Hands at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
October 1860.
I, RICHARD MEDWIN HANDS, of Coventry, in the County of Warwick, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
DRESSING OR GIVING LUSTRE TO SILKS, RIBBONS, AND OTHER FABRICS, ALSO TO
THREADS AND YARNS," to be as follows:-
I immerse the silks, ribbons, or other fabrics, also the threads and
yarns, in
a solution of collodion sufficiently diluted with methylated or other suitable
ether or spirit. The silks, ribbons, and other fabrics, also the threads and.
yarns, are dried after being impregnated with the solution. They may be
immersed for some time, or simply passed through the solution, according to
the rapidity with which they imbibe it.
The superfluous solution may be pressed out by rollers, or otherwise, if
necessary.
IMPROVE- NENTS APPLICABLE TO INFANTS' AND INVALIDS' FEEDING BOTTLES AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Tiernan, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
October 1860.
I, ROBERT TIERNAN, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Pharmaceutical
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
NENTS APPLICABLE TO INFANTS' AND INVALIDS' FEEDING BOTTLES AND OTHER PURPOSES,"
to be as follows (that is to say):-
This Invention consists in applying to suction tubes, or their equivalent, used
to draw liquid food from the reservoir or supply vessel, a lift valve or
valves or other mechanical equivalent to prevent the food returning into the
vessel from which it is being drawn.
The mouthpiece may consist of merely the outer end of the suction
pipe, or its equivalent, or may be a natural or artificial teat or nipple of the
ordinary or any other suitable description, but it is preferred to use the
artificial nipples formed of india-rubber and perforated by what are termed
"leech bite holes." When this form of artificial nipple is used in combination
with the lift valve, or its mechanical equivalent, as herein-before described,
by merely pressing it, the liquid contained therein may be forced out, and on
being relieved from outward pressure it will return to its normal form, thereby
forming a vacuum which is immediately filled up by drawing liquid through the
lower valve, so that at all times during use, the tube and teat are charged
with fluid, and only require pressure to force it out for use.
It will also be readily seen that this Invention may be applied to breast
exhausters or other similar purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EYE-GLASS AND SPECTACLE FRAMES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Henson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th December
1860.
I, ROBERT HENSON, of No. 1134, Strand, London, W.C., Marble Ornament
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN EYE-GLASS AND SPECTACLE FRAMES," to be as follows:-
Instead of the ordinary hinge I use a spiral or curved spring, which may be
placed on the spectacle frame vertically, horizontally, or laterally, which pre-
vents undue pressure on the temples; and on the spectacles being removed
from the face the arms of the spectacles immediately revert to their original
position without the trouble of folding them up.
Furthermore, in place of the usual common screw and rivet to hold the
glasses in the frame I use a screw thread on the frame itself, with a nutt
revolving round it, so that the glasses can be removed or replaced without the
aid of a screw-driver or any other instrument, and the improvements can be
used together or seperately.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF BITUMINOUS ROCKS FOR THE EXTRACTION OF BITUMEN THEREFROM, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF THE RESIDUUM TO VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by François Joseph Edouard Duclos
de Boussois at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 23rd May 1860.
I, FRANÇOIS JOSEPHI EDOUARD DUCLOS DE BOUSSOIS, of 16, Place Vendome,
Paris, in the Empire of France, Civil and Mining Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT
OF BITUMINOUS ROCKS FOR THE EXTRACTION OF BITUMEN THEREFROM, AND IN THE
APPLICATION OF THE RESIDUUM TO VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to certain processes or modes of treating the various
rocks, or mineral or earthy substances containing bitumen, with a view to the
extraction of the bitumen therefrom.
And it also relates to the application of the residuum left by such processes
or modes of treatment to hydraulic constructions, the paving of streets or roads,
5 and other uses where a material capable of withstanding great weights or
pressure is required.
In extracting bitumen, according to this Invention, from calcareous rocks,
when combined or mixed therewith; the rock is broken or reduced either by
means of mechanical power or by the aid of muriatic acid and water. This
0 mode of treatment is continued and repeated until the whole of the calcareous
portion of the mass has been entirely destroyed. The bitumen which remains

page_text: is then washed in lukewarm water to free it from salt or acid, after which it
may be melted and treated in the ordinary manner.
When bitumen is found in quartzy, siliceous, or alumineous rocks, it is
proposed, according to one process in order to extract it therefrom, to reduce
the material containing the bitumen by grinding, stamping, or otherwise, and
then to submit the reduced material to the action of a sufficient degree of heat
in a convenient furnace to melt the bitumen. The melted mass is then
introduced into moulds or other suitable receptacles, and subjected to hydro-
static or other powerful pressure, which expresses the surplus bitumen, leaving
a sufficient amount remaining to impart to it a degree of elasticity, tenacity,
compactness, and hardness, which will render it peculiarly well adapted to the
construction of hydraulic works, roads, and other fabrications where strength
and durability are essential.
Another mode of treating these last-mentioned rocks or substances consists
in placing the reduced fragments in conical receptacles provided with outlet
pipes for the escape of the fluid bitumen, and furnished with suitable appliances
for the introduction therein of a current of heated air or gas; a current of
oxyde of carbon, carbonic acid, and azote, obtained from the ordinary com-
bination of fuel, is found to answer well.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
August 1860. A communication from abroad by Ebenezer Green
Pomeroy, of the City of New York.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON
AND STEEL," to be as follows:-
This Invention of improvements in the manufacture of iron and steel
consists in the conversion of cast, pig, or other iron into steel, by subjecting it
when in a molten state to the combined action of crude potash or other alkali,
carbonate of lime, oxide of manganese, and charcoal. It also consists in the
purifying or refining of the iron preparatory to such process of conversion
either during its reduction from the ore in a smelting furnace, or during a
subsequent melting by the use of ores of zinc or the pure metal (zinc) itself,
and of jets of steam or water.
By means of these improvements steel may be manufactured directly or by a
continuous process either from the ore or from pig iron.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN ROLLS OR ROLLING MILLS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Theophilus Blakely at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th June 1860.
.I, ALEXANDER THEOPHILUS BLAKELY, of Holywood, in the County of Down,
Captain, Half-pay, Royal Artillery, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN ROLLS OR ROLLING MILLS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in forming spiral grooves in and around rolls, to be
employed in the rolling of metals, where the bar or other article to be rolled
is required to be made taper, or to be otherwise varied in shape or size from
end to end, or at different parts of its length. I use the spirally-grooved rolls
by gearing them together, and driving them in the usual manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SLIDE VALVES FOR STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaiah Maiden and Edward Hall
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 7th November 1860.
We, ISAIAH MAIDEN and EDWARD HALL, of Ashton-under-Lyne, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SLIDE VALVES FOR STEAM ENGINES," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention consists in causing the steam to act against the face instead
of against the back of the valve, and we cause it to be held to its seat by
means of a piston under steam pressure, the area of such piston being
regulated by the area of the valve. As a communication between this piston
and the valve we employ a roller, against which the valve travels in its sliding
motion. The aperture for the admission of steam and the space between the
laps of the valve we form with angular sides.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GUNPOWDER
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Oxland at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th November
1860.
I, ROBERT OXLAND, of Plymouth, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GUNPOWDER," to be as
follows:-
These improvements consist in rendering gunpowder, whether made from
nitrate of potash or nitrate of soda, waterproof to a greater or less extent as
may be necessary for various purposes. A variety of substances may be em-
ployed, but I will describe the manner in which a solution of gutta percha or
of india-rubber in benzole, (coal naptha), or bisulphide of carbon, or other suit-
able solvent may be used; or, in place of gutta percha or india-rubber, a
solution of other waterproofing material may be employed. I use the solution
as a substitute for water in making the meal into cake. After the cake has
been prepared by pressure, broken up, and granulated, it may either be used
without further preparation, or the grain may be coated by passing it through
a similar solution.
For some purposes it will be sufficient for gunpowder mixed with water,
caked, granulated, and dried in the usual manner to have the surfaces of the
grains coated by passing them through a similar solution one or more times, as
it may be required to resist a greater or less exposure to moisture.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MINERS' SAFETY LAMPS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Howat at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th April
1860.
I, ANDREW HOWAT, of Farnworth, near Bolton-le-Moors, in the County of
Lancaster, Brassfounder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MINERS' SAFETY LAMPS," to be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in the application of a reflector and a
glass tube to miners' safety lamps, for the purpose of increasing the combustion
of the oil in the lamp, and for radiating the rays of light to a focus or other-
wise; my improvements may be combined or used separately.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR METHOD OF POLISHING OR FINISHING YARNS OR THREADS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Langshaw at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th November
1860.
I, WILLIAM LANGSHAW, of Egerton, near Bolton, in the County of Lancaster,
5 do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MEANS OR METHOD OF POLISHING OR FINISHING YARNS OR THREADS," to be
as follows:
Instead of using a brush or brushes in the machines for polishing or finishing
yarns or threads, I employ one or more rubbers, formed by interlacing into a
Oholder of wood or other material a band or cord of hair, twine, buffalo hide,-
wire, or any material that can be interlaced into the holder.
CANISTERS OR VESSELS FITTED WITH MOVEABLE AND HERMETICALLY-STOPPING COVERS FOR CONTAINING PRESERVED ALIMENTARY OR OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marie Virginie Boquet at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
July 1860.
I, MARIE VIRGINIE BOQUET, of No. 60, Boulevart de Strasbourg, Paris,
France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CANISTERS
OR VESSELS FITTED WITH MOVEABLE AND HERMETICALLY-STOPPING COVERS FOR
CONTAINING PRESERVED ALIMENTARY OR OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists mainly in such a form and arrangement of cover as
will permit it to close hermetically a canister or vessel containing preserved
alimentary or other substances without the use of solder or cement, and I
purpose effecting this by means of a collar tightly surrounding and holding fast
together the canister and its cover. A ring of india-rubber or other similar
compressible substance will interpose between the cover and its collar, which
collar will be tightened by a thumbscrew.
My Invention will be clearly understood by reference to the annexed
Drawing, in which Figure 1 shews in section the top part of a canister fitted
with its cover and collar; and Figure 2, the same in plan.
A, canister; B, cover; C, collar; D, thumbscrew. The small projecting
threads a, b, around both the canister and its cover are covered by the india-
rubber ring i, and tightly compressed by the collar C.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR ROLLING RAILROAD RAILS, BARS, BEAMS, AND OTHER SUCH ARTICLES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bernard Lauth at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th March
1860. A communication from abroad by John Fritz, of Johnstown,
Pennsylvania, in the U.S. of America.
I, the said BERNARD LAUTH, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR ROLLING RAILROAD RAILS, BARS, BEAMS,
AND OTHER SUCH ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
In rolling railroad rails and other such articles, the length thereof is limited
by two causes; firstly, the ability to give them the required number of passes
through the rolls while they retain a sufficient heat; and, secondly, the
difficulty of turning them when very long, and which must be done to
prevent or roll down any partings of the fibre of the metal, and to roll down the
fin that forms at the loose or free parts of the grooves or rolls. By the present
construction and arrangement of rolls the difficulties heretofore encountered
are removed, and at a single heat, and without welding on, a rail, bar, or
beam may be rolled longer than can be done by other arrangements. This is
done by so contriving that each succeeding pass shall roll down the fin formed
by the preceding pass, and avoiding the turning over of the rail, bar, or beam.
It is also rolled in its passages back and forth, which rolls down all and every
part that has a tendency to part or rise, and is, moreover, a better means of
retaining the necessary hent in the metal than to pass it back at each pass
over the rolls to be re-entered at the same side. It is known that the tendency

page_text: of the metal in being passed through between the rolls is to follow them, and
any portion of the metal that detaches itself turns up in the direction of the
rotation, and that by reversing the passage such detached or parted portion is
again rolled down into its place. When two high rolls are used, the rail or
beam must be turned over, and its length must be limited.
This Invention consists, firstly, in so arranging three high rolls that the
article shall be subjected to the rolls in each of its passes to and fro, and so
that each succeeding pass shall roll down the fin formed at the preceding pass,
and avoid the turning of the rail, bar, or beam.
And, secondly, in combining with the top roll of the series, or with the roll
that performs its part of the operation, elastic or yielding guides, or their
equivalents, for causing the bar, beam, or rail to pass from the said roll, and
not wind around it.
OUTSIDE BLINDS AND AWNINGS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Collins at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st March
1860.
I, JAMES COLLINS, of 28, Bennett Street, Stamford Street, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED OUTSIDE BLINDS AND
AWNINGS," to be as follows:-
Canvass is to bo fixed on a stretching frame, and then to be covered with a
thin coat of size on each side, and then to be strained as tight as possible.
The canvass must then have a coat of preparation, viz., one part of linseed oil,
one of boiled linseed oil, and one of gold size and turpentine, to be applied to
the canvass while wet with the first preparation; then to remain on the
stretching frame for two or three days, according to the temperature of
weather.
Decoration.-Immediately
Decoration. Immediately on the canvass becoming dry, the decorative part
may be commenced by painting; at this stage the canvass will be in a
condition to absorb the colors when laid on, and by this process the colors will
be found to penetrate the canvass, making it transparent, and the possibility of
the colors chipping will be avoided, the canvass remaining very soft, pliant,
and waterproof.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOTS, SHOES, CLOGS, AND GOLOSHES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Bartholomew at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
November 1860.
I, GEORGE BARTHOLOMEW, of the Town and County of Linlithgow, North
Britain, Edge Tool Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOTS, SHOES, CLOGS, AND GOLOSHES," to be as follows:-
The improvements relate to where the boot, shoe, clog, or golosh is formed
of leather or other non-elastic or but very slightly elastic material, and consists
in the application of prepared india-rubber or other suitable elastic material as
a connection externally between the heel or posterior part, and the back or
posterior part of the upper, to give freedom to the motion of the foot; the
interior or lining of the boot, shoe, clog, or golosh being as heretofore, but
unconnected with the heel or posterior part.
A NEW SMOKING PIPE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Baptiste Crétal at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th August
1860.
I, JEAN BAPTISTE CRÉTAL, of Saint Malo, in the Empire of France, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
SMOKING PIPE," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in boring a double communication all along the stem
or tube of the smoking pipe, one of these communications going from the
mouth-piece to the bowl, and the other communication going from the mouth-
piece to a place under the bowl. The result of this process is obvious. The
smoker inhales in the same time the smoke from the bowl and the air from
the external hole under the bowl so that the current of cool air running in the
latter of these communications keeps the stem of the pipe, and consequently
the smoke running through the other communication, in a constant coolness.
By this process also heat is greatly diminished at the bottom of the bowl,
and thus are avoided most of the inconveniences deriving from the excessive
heat...
THE PRODUCTION OF BANDS OR STRIPS FOR APPLICATION ON PETTICOATS AND SIMILAR ORNAMENTAL PURPOSES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Fitz Gerald at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd February
1860.
I, WILLIAM FITZ GERALD, of Fleet Street, in the City of London, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE PRODUCTION OF
BANDS OR STRIPS FOR APPLICATION ON PETTICOATS AND SIMILAR ORNAMENTAL
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
I propose to weave or manufacture strips or bands of linsey winsey cloth, or
such like material in breadths of from one inch or under to twenty inches of
white, black, or any color or combination of colors, and adhesive or not, and
with patterns or designs on one or on both sides thereof, so as to be reversible
or otherwise, or without any designs or patterns, and which said strips or bands
are intended to be applied by suitable means of attachment to petticoats,
skirts, or other articles to which they may be applicable manufactured of
linsey winsey or other material, for the purpose of ornamenting the same or
varying the ornamentation or appearance thereof at pleasure by substituting
new bands or strips of the aforesaid description as desired.
A NEW OR IMPROVED LAMP
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Wain and William
Instone at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 29th August 1860.
We, WILLIAM HENRY WAIN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Brassfounder, and WILLIAM INSTONE, of Wolverhampton, in the County of
Stafford, Gas Fitter, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW OR IMPROVED LAMP," to be as follows:→
Our Invention consists of a lamp constructed as herein-after described, the
said lamp being particularly adapted for burning spirit or volatile oils.
Our said new or improved lamp has an inverted fountain, by means of
which any number of lights can be fed. A perforated semicircular cap is
placed over the wick, and the flame is both thrown below the said cap and
burns above it. An oval chimney surmounts the burner.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF OILCLOTH OR OIL PAPER TO BE EMPLOYED FOR PACKING PURPOSES OR FOR COATING OR COVERING SURFACES, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Briggs at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th March
1860.
I, THOMAS BRIGGS, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Oilcloth Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF OILCLOTH OR OIL PAPER TO BE EMPLOYED
FOR PACKING PURPOSES OR FOR COATING OR COVERING SURFACES, AND IN APPARATUS
CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
In the ordinary manufacture of that description of oilcloth or oil paper
commonly used for packing goods, in order to render them impervious to
moisture, the fabric or paper after having been treated with oil or other water-
proof material, has been hitherto exposed to the atmosphere to dry spon-
taneously, and my Invention is designed to effect a more rapid drying of the
oiled cloth or paper. The improvement consists in the novel application of a
system of drying cylinders, heated by steam or other means, to the machine in
which the fabric receives its waterproof coating, so that as the fabric passes
through the machine after having been oiled or otherwise waterproofed, it
passes over or around the heated drying cylinders, and is removed in a dry
state, or if preferred, the oiling machinery may be detached from the drying
cylinders.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING CLOTHES AND OTHER ARTICLES WHILST IN A WET CON- DITION, FOR THE PURPOSE OF DRYING OR PARTIALLY DRYING THE SAME
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Fisher at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st September
1860.
I, JOHN FISHER, of Carrington, Nottingham, Lace Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR TREATING CLOTHES AND OTHER ARTICLES WHILST IN A WET CON-
DITION, FOR THE PURPOSE OF DRYING OR PARTIALLY DRYING THE SAME," to be as
follows:-
I construct machinery or apparatus, as hereafter described, for the purpose of
pressing or squeezing and drying, or partially drying, wet clothes and other
articles, or manufacturer's goods, or materials which have been previously sub-
jected to the operation of washing, or which being in a thoroughly saturated or
wet state are required to be dried more rapidly than by the ordinary operation of
evaporating the water therefrom by suspension in the open air, and also as a
substitute for the more expensive machines or apparatus employed for the
same or a similar purpose, such as the centrifugal drying machine, and other
contrivances at present in use for wringing and drying.
I take a vessel or box of cylindrical, square, or other suitable shape, con-
structed of wood, and I fit thereinto a wooden piston or plunger. Instead of
making the vessel solid or close, I form the sides of a series of strips, leaving
spaces or openings between them, and the bottom of such vessel or apparatus
has bars or strips across the area of the cylinder, box, or other vessel in which

page_text: the piston travels back and forth. The piston or plunger is similarly formed
to permit of the escape of the water expressed from the contents of the
cylinder.
The vessel (irrespective of its shape) may be composed of strips or laths
running longitudinally in a line with or parallel to the axis, and such strips or
laths may be framed together or held in position by a metal framework
surrounding them, or they may be attached to and project from the interior
surface of a wooden vessel, and the side strips in a square box may be vertical,
whilst the top and bottom strips, grooves, or openings may be horizontal, or
laid in the line of the longitudinal axis of the box or vessel.
Motion is given to the piston or plunger constructed as described by means
of a rack and pinion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN BOBBIN NET OR TWIST LACE MACHINES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Ellis and William Redgate
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
28th August 1860.
We, EDWIN ELLIS, of St. Ann's Well Road, Nottingham, and WILLIAM
REDGATE, of the Town of Nottingham, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN BOBBIN NET OR TWIST
LACE MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus employed in
bobbin net or twist lace machines. For these purposes a back and a front
stump bar is used, consisting of thin stumps having spaces between them
equal to two or more gates or spaces of the machine, between which spaces
the warp threads are received, there being generally two or more threads
placed in each between the stumps, though, in some cases, only one thread
will be placed in a space; when using two or more threads to each space there
are three wires fixed on the bent upper ends of the stumps, so as to admit of
the two threads in each of the spaces being divided into two rows, one row
being in advance of the other; and in order to obtain intermediate positions
for the several threads in the two stump bars above described two other sets
of points or stumps are used, and such other two sets of stumps or points may
be either carried by separate stump bars, or the stumps above mentioned may
be extended in such manner that when closed towards each other the stumps
or points of the front stump bar may enter between and divide the threads of
the back stump bar, whilst the stumps or points of the back stump bar will
enter between and divide the threads of the front stump bar.