Improvements Connected with Telegraph Apparatus for Communi- cating between One Part of a Navigable Vessel and another or others.
Year: 1888

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements Connected with Telegraph Apparatus for Communi-
cating between One Part of a Navigable Vessel and another
or others.
1, WILLIAM CHADBURN, of 11 Waterloo Road, Liverpool in the County of
Lancaster, Telegraph Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to that type of apparatus used on board navigable vessels
for communicating between one part of the vessel and another, or others, in which
the orders, conditions or notifications are transmitted from one instrument to another
by_electricity.
It is intended that the improvements hereinafter described shall be applied, or
applicable to all kinds or types of apparatus-hereinafter defined-employed on board
ship, in which electricity is employed for the purposes above stated.
"
The ship's telegraphs to which my Invention may be applied are those used in
conveying orders, conditions or notifications for working the different machines, or
mechanical appliances used for propelling, navigating and docking the vessel. And
in the case of war ships to these may be added all machinery such as turrets and other
similar uses. Some of these apparatus are called "Engine Room Telegraphs,"
Steering Telegraphs," "Look-out Telegraphs," "Turret and Gun Telegraphis," and
In all cases such as those above named, where orders, or other notifications
are sent from one part of the vessel to another, the orders are first given to operate
certain mechanisins in one direction, and then in the reverse direction; and in most
instances two sets of orders, or kinds of orders are employed for instance in engine
room telegraphs the two sets consist of "ahead" and "astern;" in steering telegraphs
port" and "starboard," and in other instances equivalent types of orders are
employed.
so on.
८८
Now my Invention consists mainly in employing in electric telegraph apparatus
of these types, two sounding devices-or more when required-having different
intonations, and operating such sounding devices by means of the electric current.
Thus for instance for a change or reversal of an order a change of sound or intonation

page_text: is given to indicate to the recipient, the nature of that change; or one sound or
intonation may, if desired be used in connection with one set of orders and the other
in connection with the other set; or different intonations may be used in any way
deemed to be most expedient for any particular application of the Invention.
The sounding devices I prefer to employ are ordinary gongs of the kind usually
employed in ships telegraphic apparatus, and I place them by preference in the
apparatus concentrically. In such a case, the outer gong when struck would emit a
low tone, whilst the inner or smaller one would give out a shriller tone. These gongs
may be used in the receiving instruments of ships telegraphs, and in the transmitting
instruments as tell tale, or reply sounding appliances, or in any desired way.
For the sake of brevity and simplicity, I will take and describe as an example of
the apparatus, involving my Invention, an engine room telegraph in which are only
employed a plain transmitting instrument and a receiving instrument. These two
instruments are connected by suitable leads, or circuits and the transmitting instru-
ment is provided with a number of contact points corresponding in number with the
orders. In the receiving instrument I provide, say two gongs concentrically
arranged, each being provided with a suitable striking hammer. Each hammer is
operated by an electro magnet, which, as each contact in the transmitting instrument
is made, and an order is sent, is put in circuit with a suitable source of electricity,-
such as a battery-and excited, and thereby causes the hammer to strike the gong.
In the case when a change of sound is employed for indicating a change in the
direction to the last order, one maguet and hammer would most conveniently be
employed to operate the low toned gong, and another for operating the shrill toned
gong. The apparatus may be so arranged that the gongs are sounded momentarily,
or continuously. If the latter, it may be effected by the introduction of a relay in
which the gong magnet is put in operation by a second magnet, and put out of
operation by breaking the circuit. This is done by the attendant, or automatically by
an escapement movement.
When a reply, or tell tale is used the different toned gongs are operated by magnets
substantially in the manner already described. As an engine tell-tale, a device
operated by the engine or the attendant may be used to make circuits and sound
either one, or other of the tell tale gongs, in the transmitting instrument, according
to the direction the engines are running. As a rudder tell-tale the tiller may be
arranged to make electric contact with a suitable device when put over to "port," or
"starboard." In the one case the contact would cause a low toned gong of the
sounding device to sound, whilst in the other the shriller toned gong would be
sounded; and when the tiller is amidships no contact is made, and the electric current
is broken. The appliance may be either arranged to sound the gongs at certain
points intermittently, or continuously as desired.
In cases where disconnected or twin engines are in use and have a common room
in which the engineers operate them, I may either use the duplex toned instrument
for each engine, or the instrument of one engine may be provided with a low toned
sounding device, whilst the instrument belonging to the other engine is provided with
a shriller toned device.
Different forms of apparatus and arrangement of electric appliances for the purposes
as herein described can be designed to meet the requirements of special cases, but
in all the main feature is the use of electrically operated sounding apparatus so
constructed or arranged that for a change of order, or sets of orders, conditions or
notifications, a change of sound is given; said order condition, or notification being
electrically transmitted and such transmission being operated automatically, or
non-automatically.

page_text: DI BULTORION.
Improvements Connected with Telegraph Apparatus for Communi-
cating between One Part of a Navigable Vessel and another or
others.
I, WILLIAM CHADBURN, of 11 Waterloo Road, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Telegraph Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my said invention to
be as follows:-
This invention relates to that type of apparatus used on board navigable vessels for
communicating between one part of the vessel and another or others, in which the
orders conditions or notifications are transmitted from one instrument to another and
the sounding devices operated, or the latter only operated by electricity.
It is intended that the improvements, hereinafter described, shall be applied, or
applicable to all kinds or types of apparatus-hereinafter defined-employed on board
ship, and in which electricity is employed for the purposes above stated.
The ships telegraphs to which my invention may be applied, are those used in
conveying orders, conditions or notifications for working the different machines, or
mechanical appliances used for propelling navigating and docking the vessel; and in
the case of war ships, to these may be added all machinery used for working turret
guns and the like. Some of these apparatus are called "Engine Room Telegraphs'
Steering Telegraphs" "Lookout Telegraphs," "Turret and Gun Telegraphs" and
so on.
39 26
"
In all cases, such as those above named, where orders or other notifications are sent
from one part of the vessel to another, the orders are first given to operate certain
mechanisms in one direction, and then in the reverse direction; and in most instances
two sets of orders, or kinds of orders are employed; for instance, in "Engine Room
Telegraphs" the two sets consist of
"
and "astern"; in
ahead
Steering
Telegraphs port"
" and "starboard," and in other instances equivalent types of
orders are employed. Now my invention consists mainly in employing in telegraphic
apparatus of these types, sounding devices, having or giving out two or more different
intonations, and in operating such sounding devices by means of the electric current.
Thus for instance for a change or reversal of an order a change of sound or intonation
is given to indicate to the recipient the nature of that change, or one sound or
intonation may if desired be used in connection with one set of orders, and the other
in connection with the other set; or different intonations may be used in any way
deemed to be most expedient for any particular application of the invention.
The sounding devices which may be conveniently employed are ordinary gongs of
the kind usually employed in ships telegraphic apparatus, and they may be suitably
arranged in the apparatus, concentrically. In such a case the outer gong when struck
would emit a low tone, whilst the inner or smaller one would give out a shriller
tone. These gongs may be used in the receiving instruments of ships telegraphs,
and in the transmitting instruments as "tell tale' or reply" sounding appliances,
any desired way.
or in

page_text: For the sake of brevity and simplicity, I will take and describe as an example of
the apparatus, involving my invention, an engine room telegraph in which are only
employed a plain transmitting instrument and a receiving instrument. These two
instruments are connected by suitable leads or circuits, and the transmitting
instrument is provided with a number of contact points corresponding in number
with the orders. In the receiving instrument I provide, say two gongs, concentrically
arranged, each being provided with a suitable striking hammer. Each bammer is
operated by an electro magnet, which, if the apparatus be electrically operated as
each contact in the transmitting instrument is made, and an order is sent, is put
in circuit with a suitable source of electricity, such as a battery-and excited, and
thereby causes the hammer to strike the gong. In the case when a change of
sound is employed for indicating a change in the direction to the last order, one
magnet and hammer would most conveniently be employed to operate the low
toned gong, and another for operating the shrill toned gong. The apparatus may
be so arranged that the gongs are sounded momentarily, or continuously. If the
latter it may be effected by the introduction of a relay in which the gong magnet
is put in operation by a second magnet and put out of operation by breaking the
circuit. This may be done by the attendant, or automatically by an escapement
movement.
When a "
reply" or "tell tale" is used the different toned gongs are operated by
magnets substantially in the manner already described. As an engine "tell tale," a
device operated by the engine or the attendant may be used to make circuits and
sound either one or other of the tell tale gongs, in the transmitting instrument,
according to the direction the engines are running. As a rudder tell tale the tiller
may be arranged to make electric contact with a suitable device, when put over to
port or starboard. In the one case the contact would cause the low toned gong of the
sounding device to sound, whilst in the other the shriller toned gong would be sounded,
and when the tiller is amidships no contact is made and the electric current broken.
The appliance may be either arranged to sound the gongs at certain points inter-
mittently or continuously as desired.
In cases where disconnected or twin engines are in use, and have a common room
in which the engineers operate them, 1 may either use the duplex toned instrument for
each engine, or the instrument of one engine may be provided with a low toned
sounding device, whilst the instrument belonging to the other engine is provided with
a shriller toned device.
The drawings which serve to illustrate my invention show examples of apparatus
embodying my present invention, the nature and objects of which have in general
terms been described, but in the following description in connection with the
drawings I set forth the invention in such full clear and exact terms as will enable
those skilled in the art to which it belongs or is most nearly allied, to make and use
the saune.
The drawings, which form a part of this Specification, are marked with figures and
letters of reference corresponding with those used in the description of them,
the same letters and figures being used throughout the views to denote like or the
same parts.
DECODEMIAV An
DRAWINGS
TT
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section across the head of a transmitter of the kind
commonly employed in "Chadburns" telegraphs constructed and arranged to operate
according to this invention.
Figure 2 is a longitudinal section taken at the line x a, Figure 1, and Figure 3 is a
longitudinal section taken at Y Y in the same figure.
Figure 4 is an end view in section showing a "receiving instrument" according to
this invention, and Figure 5 is a longitudinal section of same.
Figure 6 shows a ships rudder tiller "tell tale" constructed and operating according
to my invention.

page_text: Figures 7 and 8 are sectional front and side elevation of a transmitter showing an
arrangement in which for a change of direction of movement of the handle lever, a
change of sound is given in the receiver.
It may be assumed that the apparatus shown in Figures 1 to 5 represents a ships
Engine Room and Bridge Telegraph" on the dial of which the usual orders are
provided being seven in all. The transmitting instrument A is a double faced one
having its dials arranged in the vertical plane, and the orders marked thereon, and
the whole head may be mounted on the ordinary column or stand or in any suitable
manner. B is the receiving instrument consisting of a case having in it the gong
mechanism.
The transmitting and receiving instruments illustrated are supposed to be those in
which, in connection with the electrically operated sounding devices, the orders also
are electrically operated or indicated, and in Figures 1, 2 and 3 I show a number of
contact points and contact making device by which any known form of order
indicating devices may be operated in the receiving instrument by breaking and
making electric circuits. And in the receiver a diaphragın B' is shown separating
the chamber at the back, in which part the sounding devices are located, from the
electric appliances which are or may be located in the front chamber. It is however
evident the order indicating apparatus bears in no way upon the subject matter of the
present application for Patent, so, far as regards the scope of same, and the provisions
for an electrically operated one are only introduced to show how such a device or
devices of any of the well known suitable kinds could be used or applied in connection
with the herein described sounding devices.
Referring again to Figures 1 to 3, the operating mechanism of the instrument A,
relating to the operation of the gongs in the instrument B, consists of the forked
handle a mounted upon a spindle c, and a contact finger c¹ and a slide c³ consisting
of non-conducting material, and having upon it conducting metallic studs d. The
studs & correspond in number with the various orders of the two instruments, and
when the finger c¹ is operated through the working of the handle a², it sweeps
over the studs d seriatim, but when the handle is stationary and coincident with any
order, the finger c¹ lies between two of the studs d. If then electricity from a battery
or other source be supplied to the shaft c-through the wire or lead y and split stationary
finger strip e, and so to the finger c-no current can flow to or through the studs d,
whilst the handle of the instrument is at one of its resting points over an order and c¹
between two studs d, but in moving the handle from one order to another the finger c¹
sweeps over a stud d, and will, if the other necessary conditions be present, close a
circuit, and a current of electricity may then pass by way of the finger. To provide
these conditions, that is an electric circuit with the gongs, I carry two leads ff from
the studs d to the electro magnets land, which actuate the hammers of the gongs
in the receiver, and from these magnets I carry the leads or a common return lead to
a battery of any known kind, from which electricity is supplied and passes to the
fixed finger lead c and so on.
It will be seen the lead fis common to all the studs d in one side of the instrument,
while the lead is common to all the studs d on the other side of the instrument;
they are arranged in this way so as to cause one gong, representing say all the
"ahead" orders, to be struck or sounded when the handle a² is moved or set to any
one of such "ahead" orders, and on the other hand, to cause the other gong to be
struck when the handle a² is moved or set to any of the "astern" orders; and hence
if these two gongs be of different sizes and give out different tones or notes, a high
or low one, (or if even a single gong in any other way be used and adapted to emit
two different tones or notes) and be struck by two separate striking devices or
appliances, then when a circuit is made, by causing the finger c¹ to make contacts
with one or other of the sets of studs d, on one side or the other of the trans-
mitter, the tones or sounds emitted by the sounding devices will be of either a high
tone or a low one.
The sounding device shown in Figures 4 and 5 consists as already stated of two
sets of magnets 1, 1, armatures with strikers k, k¹, and gongs E, É'; l, k and E

page_text: being connected with and operated through the wire and lead fabove specified, and
, and E¹ being connected with and operated through the wire or lead f above
specified. The gong E when struck emits a low tone, and El a high tone. e is a
roller mounted in the handle a² and pressed down by a spring in said handle onto
the ridge el in which recesses e² are formed. This is a known device provided to form
a "stop" to the handle above the orders on the dial.
"
to
When it is desired to obtain by the apparatus a change of sound for a change in
direction of motion of the handle a², or in other words when it is desired to obtain, say,
a low tone of sound whenever the handle is moved say from "full speed astern
full
speed ahead," and vice versa a high or shrill tone when the direction of movement of
the handle is from "full speed astern" to "full speed ahead," I employ a device by
which, when the handle is moved in one direction, a current is sent through one
sounding device, and when moved in the opposite direction a current is sent through
the other sounding device. Such an arrangement is illustrated in Figures 7 and 8,
and it consists in allowing the finger c¹ to have a certain amount of play on the
shaft c, and providing on such shaft two insulated arms e provided at their extremities
with springs as shown, and the bosses of each of such arms being electrically con-
nected by permanent fingers c with the leads ff. Then when the handle a² of
the instrument A is pushed in one direction, the finger el will come in contact with
one of the arms c, and will close a circuit, the current passing by way of the lead g,
finger c', spindle c, arm c', one of the arms c, and the lead for f¹ to the sounding
device connected and corresponding with the arm e touched by the finger c'. It
will be now seen that one of the arms will be in contact with the finger c¹ when
the direction of movement of the handle is from 'full speed ahead"
say,
to * full
speed astern," and on the other hand when the handle is moved in the reverse direction
the other arm c will be in contact with the finger c¹.
Figure shows a rudder telegraphic apparatus, diagramatically. In this arrange-
ment a sliding finger c' is moved over two insulated contact points d, from which two
wires are led to the sounding devices E, E which are placed in a circuit. The
finger c is moved as the rudder moves, through an arm fixed in or on the rudder
head designated a², but of course the movement of the rudder may be transmitted in
any suitable way to the instrument A. In action the circuit is open when the rudder
is amidships and the sliding finger c¹ is out of contact with the points d, but when
the rudder is moved to "port" or "starboard "the finger c¹ slides over one or other
of the contact points d and closes the circuit, whereupon either one or other of the
gongs E or E, which have different tones, as stated, is sounded.
These sounding devices may be placed wherever required, for instance they may
be placed in or in connection with the "Steering Telegraph" of a ship, and the
gongs may be adapted and arranged to ring continuously until stopped by breaking
contact in any known way, or intermittently by arranging a plurality of contact points
in the instrument A on both sides of the central position, and placing such points at
certain distances apart representing say so many degrees. In such a case for each
change of degree either the low or high toned gong or bell would sound according to
which side the rudder moved, for each of such changes. It will however be evident
that the exact arrangement of parts and mode of working this invention as applied to
rudders may be varied in many ways to suit the varying conditions of its application
and requirements of the users.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I would state in conclusion
that different forms of apparatus and arrangements of electric appliances for the
purposes as herein described can be designed to meet the requirements of special
cases, but in all the main feature is the use of electrically operated sounding
apparatus, so constructed or arranged, that in communicating between one part of a
ship and another by apparatus of the nature herein described, and for purposes such
as specified, notice of a change of order, condition or notification is given by a change
of sound, said order condition or notification being electrically or mechanically or

page_text: otherwise transmitted from one part of a ship to another or others, and it will
consequently be understood that the dispositions, form or arrangement of parts may
he varied widely from those.herein before particularly set forth without departing from
the spirit or scope of the invention, and I declare that what I claim in respect of the
herein described invention is :-
1. In telegraphic apparatus for communicating between one part of a navigable
vessel and another or others, the employment in connection with apparatus of the
kinds herein described, of sounding mechanisms or devices designed or adapted to
be electrically operated, and to give notice or intimation of a change of order,
condition or notification, transmitted or communicated by or in the apparatus, by a
change of sound; as or substantially as set forth.
2. A telegraphic apparatus for communicating between one part of a ship and
another or others, in which a contact making and breaking device or devices is or
are provided in the transmitting instrument, and such instrument being connected
by electric wires or leads with a receiving instrument or instruments in or in con-
nection with which a sounding device or devices is or are employed and adapted to
be operated by the agency of electricity sent through such wires, and to give notice
or intimation of a change of order, conditions or notifications transmitted or com-
municated by or in the apparatus, by a change of sound.
3. In telegraphic apparatus for communicating between one part of a ship and
another or others, the employment in connection with apparatus of the kinds herein
described of two or more gongs or sounding devices adapted to be electrically operated
to give different tones or notes.
4. The combination in a recieving instrument of the kind herein described of two
or more gongs or sounding devices, magnets, and strikers, operating substantially in
the manner set forth with reference to Figures 4 and 5 of the drawings.
5. The combination in a transmitting instrument of apparatus of the kind herein
described of a series or plurality of contact points, a finger or equivalent device
adapted to make or break contact with said points, and two wires or leads connected
with said points directly or indirectly, and with a duplex sounding device constructed
to give different tones; operating substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
6. An apparatus for communicating between one part of a ship and another or
others, comprising a transmitting instrument in which electric circuit making and
breaking devices are employed, a receiving instrument or instruments having in it or
them or in connection therewith, a sounding device or devices adapted to be electrically
operated and to give or emit different notes or tones or kinds of sounds, operating
as or substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
Dated this 10th day of January 1980
WILLIAM
CHADBURN.
By Cheesbrough & Royston,
15, Water Street, Liverpool,
Patent Agents.