Rooms, Machines, and the like.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Nov., 1887
Complete Specification Left, 18th Aug., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted; 12th Oct., 1888
Rooms, Machines, and the like.
030 111
We, FREDERICK CRAVEN and ARTHUR CRAVEN, of Waterloo Mills, Bradford, in
the County of York, Spinners, WILLIAM PINDER of the same place, Engineer, and
PETER HENRY STANSFIELD, of Leeds Road, Bradford, aforesaid, Plumber, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object the heating of rooms, machines and for other
purposes for which steam or hot water is used as the beating agent, and in such a
manner that, pipes fixed and used for steam and water heating can be utilized
without any material or general alteration of the same; and to so arrange the
apparatus that the pipes are heated in considerably less time, with more economy,
and to a greater degree than when steam or hot water is used exclusively for the
purpose.
We accomplish our object in the following manner :-In any convenient position
near to a steam boiler, and connected with a range or series of heating pipes fixed
in the usual manner, we secure an injector in which are two frustrums of hollow
cones, fixed a short distance from each other with the larger diameters apart, and
in an enlargement of the pipes having one or more openings to the atmosphere.
Near to the large diameter of the outer frustrum, we secure a steam pipe arranged
for the steam to blow direct into the conical opening, through the contracted outlet
direct into the curved small end, and through the conical opening of the second
frustrum; thereby creating an inrush of air between the two frustrums, and which
is driven by the force of the steam through a coil of pipes placed in a heated
chamber, by preference in the bottom flue of what is known as a Lancashire or
Cornish boiler, and thereby heated; the outlet of the said pipe coil being connected
to the pipes for heating the rooms, machines, or water as the case may be; the
LD

page_text: return or outlet by preference being conducted to the injector so that a great
portion of the heated air after completing its circuit is again drawn into and driven
through the coil in the heating chamber or boiler flue; thus keeping up a con-
tinuous circulation of heated air, and heating what may be required with a greatly
diminished quantity of steam and to a greater degree of heat.
D
171
11007
JOHN WAUGH,
Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Method of and Apparatus for Heating for Use in
Rooms, Machines, and the like.
We, FREDERICK CRAVEN, and ARTHUR CRAVEN, of Waterloo Mills, Bradford, in
the County of York, Spinners, WILLIAM PINDER, of the same place, Engineer, and
PETER HENRY STANSFIELD, of Leeds Road, Bradford, aforesaid, Plumber, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has for its object the heating of rooms, and machines, and other
purposes for which steam or hot water has been ordinarily used as the heating agent.
This we effect in such a manner that pipes fixed and used for steam or water heating
can be utilised without any material or general alteration and that these pipes may be
heated in considerably less time, more economically, and to a higher degree, than
when steam or hot water is used in the ordinary way for the purpose. When steam
or hot water alone is used as a heat carrying agent a high temperature cannot be
obtained except under very high pressures. Various plans have been proposed for
using air as a heat carrying medium in various ways with or without the addition of
moisture over and above the natural moisture of the air such, for instance, as forcing
air through heated coils by means of fans or blowers or drawing air through pipes
by suction but none of these plans has been completely successful. The heating
power of any system depends inter alia upon the temperature of the heat carrying
Anid and the rapidity of its circulation or supply.
By the system hereinafter described we are able to obtain a combination of three
important elements of efficiency-viz. high temperature, rapid circulation and low
pressure to an extent which has never before been obtained, and at the same time
to effect a considerable saving in cost of heating as compared with methods heretofore
ordinarily employed.

page_text: we accomplish our object in the following manner :-in any convenient position
near to a steam boiler and connected with a range or series of heating pipes, we
provide a steam injector so arranged as to create an inrush of air which is driven
by the force of the steam through a coil of pipes placed in a heated chamber by
preference in the bottom flue of a Boiler such as is known as a Lancashire or Cornish
boiler and is thereby heated.
To this coil are connected the pipes for heating the rooms, machines or liquids
as the case may be, these being in this nanner supplied with air more or less highly
heated with an admixture of steam.
The steam serves not only to impel the air and act as a heat carrying agent in
combination with the air, but also to moisten the air sufficiently to diminish the
liability of the hot air to char or ignite any inflamable material with which it may
come into contact.
In the accompanying drawings Fig. 1. is a longitudinal section of an injector of the
form which we have found most suitable for the purpose we have in view. Fig. 2. a
plan view of a circular valve for regulating the inflow of air. Fig. 3. is a longitudinal
section through the flues of a Lancashire boiler or two flued boiler. Fig. 4 is a plan
of the flues the boiler being supposed to be removed and Fig. 5. is a cross section
through the boiler and flues.
The steam supply pipe A is connected by the sliding joint C to the steam jet pipe B
which is screwed through the cover plate Ď and can be adjusted by the hand wheel D',
and which terminates in a conical frustrum B¹.
In the recess of the cover plate D is fitted the rotary valve E through which and
through the cover D are holes E¹. According to the position of the valve more or
less air flows into the air chamber H and thence into the bell mouthed conical tube J
through which it is forced by the jet of steam issuing from the pipe B.
The tube Jis surrounded by a water chamber K having inlet and outlet pipes K'
and K2 for circulation of cold water through it. We find this form of injector
answers admirably, but no claim to it is made in this specification, and a separate
patent has been applied for No. 6640, May 4th 1888 which relates thereto.
The pipe P leads to coils such as P₁ arranged in the flues of a boiler or heating
chamber. As shewn in Figs. 2. 3 and 4 these coils P¹ can be conveniently arranged
in the under flue of a boiler without interfering with the draught or impeding the
clearing of the flues. The moistened air in passing through these coils is heated and
it can be distributed by pipes to heating coils or to machines, vats or other vessels,
which may be arranged in precisely the same manner as when steam alone is used
as the heating agent-Instead of returning the air to the injector, we find it
advantageous to take in fresh external air continuously through the injector and
we further find that the efficiency of our system is increased and we obtain the
results with greater economy in proportion as the temperature of the supplied air
is kept low. The waste heat of the fluid after passing through the system may if
desired be utilised for any convenient purpose. Our invention may also be advan-
tageously applied for supplying heat to combing carding and drying machines of
various kinds. It will be seen that our invention does not depend upon the use of
the particular form of injector above described nor upon any particular arrangement
of pipes or coils.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
:-
1. A new kind of heating apparatus such as is hereinbefore described in which
an injector forces a current of mixed steam and air through coils or the like placed
in a heating.chamber and thence into a system of pipes or a machine or other
apparatus where the heat is required.
2. Our improved system of applying heat by means of apparatus such as is herein
before described in which we utilise high temperature rapid circulation and low
pressure with economy and efficiency.

page_text: 3. The manufacture and use of apparatus for heating purposes in which external
air is drawn in by an injector operated by steam and is together with the steam
forced through coils or the like in which the mixed current of steam and air is
heated and thence into a system of pipes or a machine or other apparatus where
the heat is required substantially as hereinbefore described.
4. The hereinbefore described heating apparatus consisting of a combination of a
steam and air injector with coils which are placed in a hot flue or chamber and are
connected by ordinary distributing pipes to the localities where heat is required
substantially as herein described and illustrated in the drawings annexed.
Dated this 17th day of August 1888