CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN JACQUARD MACHINES
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Johnson, of Ashton-under-Lyne, in the County
of Lancaster, Jacquard Harness Builder, for the Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN JACQUARD MACHINES."
Sealed the 7th December 1860, and dated the 3rd July'1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
July 1860.
I, JOHN JOHNSON, of Ashton-under-Lyne, in the County of Lancaster,
Jacquard Harness Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN JACQUARD MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention is applicable to the double-lift jacquard machines, and it
consists in applying thereto an improved combination of levers for raising the
harness, so as to make a V shed. These levers vibrate on fixed shafts placed
at the back of the machine. When down they are inclined for about two
inches, and when raised to the height of about four inches from the desired
V shed.
Also an improved arrangement of levers and rods connected to the vibrating
levers above referred to, by the hooks to which the harness is attached for
commanding each and every end in the warp at every pick with two picks
to one card, and only a one-eyed needle to each hook; one cord being
[Price 8d.]

page_text: attached to two hooks, and the same cord being reduced to two-fold prior to
going through the cord board.
Another part of my Invention consists in boring the core board with holes
placed alternately in two lines to one row of cords, instead of straight in one
line, as heretofore.
My Invention also consists in the application of a long-slotted one-eyed
needle to a double hook with two beaks, or to any number of double-beaked
hooks, to be worked by two cylinders at the back and front of the machine,
and without any spring box.
The last part of my Invention consists of a peculiar reeled harness, in which
the couplings work through the cumber board and the knots of the couplings
are brought underneath or below the cumber board, thereby preventing a great
deal of wear and tear.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Johnson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
1st January 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, 1, Jons
JOHNSON, of Ashton-under-Lyne, in the County of Lancaster, Jacquard
Harness Builder, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said John Johnson, Her special licence that 1, the said John Johnson, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as 1, the said John
Johnson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE.
MENTS IN JACQUARD MACHINES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I.
the said John Johnson, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and scals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the

page_text: Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Johnson, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say):-
The nature of my Invention consists, first, in an improved combination of
levers applicable to jacquard machines for raising the harness and the warps,
so as to form a V shed, with a rising motion.
Secondly, the combining of two hooks to one cord, and reducing the said
cord to two-fold prior to its going through the cord board.
Thirdly, in boring the holes in the cord board in two lines placed alternately,
instead of straight in one line as heretofore, both rows of holes being for one
row of cords.
Fourthly, the application of a long-slotted one-eyed needle attached to two
hooks of the double-lift machine, to be worked by two cylinders placed on the
back and front of the machine, which is worked without spring box.
And lastly, the application of reeled harness, in which the couplings work
through the comber board, and the knots of the couplings are below the said
comber board.
In order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily carried into
effect, I will proceed to describe the means pursued by me, reference being
had to the accompanying Drawing, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon.
Fig. 1 is a side clevation of my improved jacquard machine; Fig. 2 is an
end view of the same, and Fig. 3 is a plan of part of the cord board. a, a,
are the side frames; b, the cylindersupported in suitable bearings, and worked
to and fro by the lever c in the usual manner; d, d, are the needles, supported
by the front board e and back board f; the hooks y, g', are of different lengths,
and placed in alternate rows of long and short; each pair of hooks is coupled
together, and united to the harness of the loom; his the hook board, made as
usual, and i, the cord board, the holes in which are placed alternately in two
lines, as shewn in Fig. 3, instead of being placed all in one line, as now
customary. The object of this part of my Invention is to give more cou-
venient room to the harness. ; is a pair of vibrating levers fixed to the
fulcrum shaft; the grife, for the long hooks y is supported between the
levers j; k is a pair of vibrating levers fixed to the shaft ; the grife 2 for
the short hooks g¹ is fixed between the levers. The grifes 7 aud ² are

page_text: worked up and down by the levers ³ and ³, which are put in motion by a
double crank on the tappet shaft of the loom in the ordinary manner.
The Drawing represents the various parts of the jacquard machine in the
positions they occupy when the ends of the levers; and are near each other.
The shed is now open, and the grifes and 4 being in oblique positions, cause
the hooks g, g', to raise the harness of those warps that are farthest from the
reed more than those that are near it, thereby obtaining an even or V shed.
The same action takes place when the levers j and k assume the positions
indicated by the dotted lines in Fig. 1, at which time the shed has been
crossed, and is again open. The action of the jacquard cards on the needles d,
and the action of the needles on the hooks g, g', are similar to those in the
ordinary jacquard machines.
I wish, however, to remark, that the cylinder &, being worked by a crank ou
the crank shaft of the loom, is only actuated once to and fro for every two
picks of the shuttic. It will be apparent to a practical weaver that the above
improvements may be applied to a single lift machine by dispensing with the
top grife, and attaching one cord to one hook, instead of coupling them as
described.
The fourth part of my Invention will be readily understood without the aid
of drawings, it consists in the application of a long-slotted one-eyed needle to
a double hook, with two beaks, or to any number of double-beaked hooks,
which are worked by two cylinders actingat the back and front of the machine,
and without any spring box.
The last part of my Invention will be better understood on referring to
Fig. 2. The linen represents the reeled harness, in which the couplings work
through comber board o, and the knots of the said couplings are below,
and work under the said comber board. The object of this is to give more
room for the knots, and to prevent or diminish the friction.
By means of the improvements above described the loom and the jacquard
machine may be worked with the full command of every end at every pick, and
at a greaterspeed than is now generally attained, without jarring and vibration
in the harness. The guide board for the lingoes can also be dispensed with.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, and described the manner
of performing the same, I declare that I claim, first, the improved combination
of levers applicable to jacquard machines for raising the harness and the warps,
so as to form a V shed, with a rising motion.
Secondly, the combining of two hooks to one cord, and reducing the said
cord to two-fold prior to its going through the cord board.

page_text: Thirdly, boring the holes in the cord board in two lines placed alternately,
instead of straight in one line as heretofore, both rows of holes being for one
row of cords.
Fourthly, the application of a long-slotted one-eyed needle attached to two
hooks of the double-lift machine, to be worked by two cylinders placed on the
back and front of the machine, which is worked without spring box.
And lastly, the application of recled harness, in which the couplings work
through the comber board, and the knots of the couplings are below the said
comber board.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Johnson, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of December, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
JOHN JOHNSON. (L.S.)