A NEWLY CON- STRUCTED ENGINE OR APPARATUS FOR GIVING MOTION TO WATER OR OTHER FLUIDS, EITHER FOR THE PURPOSE OF CONVEYING SUCH FLUIDS FROM PLACE TO PLACE IN ANY. DIRECTION, OR FOR MECHANICAL PURPOSES, WHICH APPARATUS IS ALSO CAPABLE OF BEING MADE THE INSTRUMENT FOR TRANSMITTING THE FORCE OF WATER OR ANY OTHER OF THE FLUIDS HITHERTO USED AS FIRST MOVERS IN MILLS AND OTHER MACHINES
Year: 1799

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
RENE, of the Parish of Saint Bride, in the City of London, Mechanist, send
greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Eleventh day of April, in the thirty-ninth year of His
reign, give and grant unto me, the said Samuel Relic, His especial licence,
that I, the said Samuel Rehe, during the term of years therein mentioned,
should and lawfully might use, exercise, and vend within England, Wales,
and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "A NEWLY CON-
STRUCTED ENGINE OR APPARATUS FOR GIVING MOTION TO WATER OR OTHER FLUIDS,
EITHER FOR THE PURPOSE OF CONVEYING SUCH FLUIDS FROM PLACE TO PLACE IN ANY.
DIRECTION, OR FOR MECHANICAL PURPOSES, WHICH APPARATUS IS ALSO CAPABLE OF
BEING MADE THE INSTRUMENT FOR TRANSMITTING THE FORCE OF WATER OR ANY OTHER
OF THE FLUIDS HITHERTO USED AS FIRST MOVERS IN MILLS AND OTHER MACHINES;'
in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso obliging me, the
said Samuel Rehe, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to
cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in His Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within one calendar month after the date of the said recited
Letters Patent, as in and by the same (relation being thereunto had) may more
fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, and in pur-
suance of the Statute in that case provided, I, the said Samuel Rehe, do
declare that the following is a full and particular description of my said
Newly Invented and Constructed Engine or Apparatus for giving Motion to
Water or other Fluids as aforesaid, and that the said engine or apparatus may be
constructed with every requisite variation as to the absolute or relative mag-
nitude of its parts, their situation with respect to each other, their figure, and
the materials of which they are to be formed, since it will be evident to all
engineers and workmen properly qualified for constructing engines from de-
scription and drawings, that the novelty and originality of any engine or
apparatus are not necessarily confined to these particulars. In the following
description, therefore, I shall confine myself to exhibit Drawings of some of the
most obvious forms and useful applications of the said engine or apparatus,
and must necessarily leave the subsequent adaptation of the same to other
circumstances, situations, purposes or views to those who may be hereafter
employed in constructing such engines or apparatus.
In the seven views of the engine or its parts which appear in the above
Drawing, the same letters of the alphabet are used to denote the same parts or
things.
In Figure 1 and 2, G, F, denotes a pipe, tube, or trunk, the lower part of which
is supposed to be immersed in the well or water intended to be raised; it is of
no consequence whether this or any of the tubes or pipes of conveyance in any
of the figures be round or square, or otherwise formed in their uniform section,
provided the same be made sufficiently strong and tight, and that the fittings
of the valves and the parts against which the stuffing or packing is applied
be good and properly executed. The top of the pipe G, F, is provided with
one or more valves at F, opening upwards, at which extremity also there is a
projecting part, which, by its figure and a proper facing or stuffing applied
thereto, is made to fit an external vessel D, E, which in the Drawing is sup-
posed to be cylindrical, but may, if convenience and the nature of the materials
-demand it, be made square or of any other prismatic form. The vessel or
cylinder D, E, is also provided at top with one or more valves, D opening
upwards. This vessel is capable of moving up and down through a space
nearly equal to its own length, and during this motion its axis is always kept
in the same line by the four trunnions or projections, C, C, B, B, which have
each an end bearing against the external vessel N, N, and a side bearing in
the two groves formed by the pieces J, J. The lines A, B, A, B, represent
two iron rods attached below at B, to the vessel D, E, and above to the lever
or other piece which may be used to work the apparatus. By these rods the

page_text: piece or vessel D, E, is slided up and down without strain or irregularity from
any change in the vertical position of the rods, which is allowed for by the joints
at B.
Figure 3 is a plan of the engine represented in Figures 1 and 2. The
action of this engine may be explained as follows:-Suppose the cylinder
D, E, to be depressed as low as the construction of the apparatus will admit;.
the space between the valves D and F will then be very small. Let water be
poured upon D if necessary, to secure the tightness of the valves, as in the
usual method of priming a pump. Let the cylinder D, E, in the next place
be raised to the highest limit. The small portion of air between D and F will
expand itself through this enlarged space, and its spring will be diminished.
The air in the lower tube G, F, will therefore exert its spring and pass
upwards through F, until the air throughout the whole space from D towards
G in both tubes shall be nearly of the same density. But as the whole mass
of air will have its spring diminished by this process, the external air would
prevail and rush in by virtue of the pressure of the atmosphere at the lower
end of G, F, if that extremity were not plunged in the water. The pressure of
the atmosphere will therefore produce the effect of forcing a column of water
up the pipe G, F, of a sufficient length to counterbalance its own action. By
a second depression of the cylinder D, E, the space between D and F will be
diminished, and the greatest part of the air in that space will escape through
the valves at D, a second elevation will rarify the remaining portion of air
contained within the apparatus, in consequence of which the column of water.
in G, F, will be forced to a greater height, and after a few strokes it will pass
through the valves at F and D, and be delivered at the aperture P. Those
who are conversant in hydraulics will perceive that the perpendicular dis-
tance between the heighest position of the valves D, and the surface of the
water beneath must not exceed twenty-nine feet, or the height of a column of
sea water in counterpoise with the lightest pressure of the atmosphere, but
that the height from D to the opening P, is limited only by the convenience
or power which the operator may possess of applying a strong first mover to
give activity to the engine. A detail of the advantages attending this con-
struction does not form any essential part of the description, but it may be
proper to observe that, in addition to the powers of this engine and the facility
of its construction, it presents an incalculable advantage for naval use in the
facility with which both sets of valves D and F may be examined, cleared,
taken out, or repaired, nothing being more easy than to apply the hand to
either of the sets of valves, both being within reach while in their respective
places.

page_text: Figure 4 represents another disposition of the same apparatus, with this
difference, that the stuffing H is affixed to the external cylinder D, E, instead
of the internal pipe F, G. In this case it becomes unnecessary to bore or
fashion the internal surface of D, E, with any particular accuracy, because the
fitting is made on the outside of F, G. This arrangement consequently
requires that the external surface should be made cylindrical, or prismical, by
turning, plaining, or otherwise, which in many situations are more convenient
and practicable than boring.
Figure 5. In this arrangement the external surface of D, E, is fitted to the
packing or stuffing by means of an enlarged part 0, 0, affixed to the tube F,G.
Figure 6. In this sketch the apparatus, which may be worked as a pump by
means of the projections Q, Q, has its parts disposed in such a manner as to
transmit the action of a column of water or other fluid, which from its gravi-
tation or otherwise, has a tendency to descend, or pass through the apparatus.
The arrows shew the direction of the course of the fluid; R, M, N, represents
a fixed pipe; D, E, is another pipe adapted by means of packing at H, H, so
as to move up and down in the part M, N; on the upper part of the piece
D, E, is affixed a valve opening upwards. The pipe F, G, which is also fixed,
has a valve likewise opening upwards at F, and is fitted within D, E, by means
of a stuffing at H, H. The prominent parts Q, Q, serve to attach the moveable
piece D, E, to any kind of apparatus upon which the force of the column of
water is intended to act. Let it be conceived that a reaction is exerted
upwards against the parts Q. Q, either by a counterpoise, as in some steam
engines, or otherwise. The valves at F and D move up and down rather
stiffly, and are connected together by a small rod F, T, which passes water tight
through the valve D, and is terminated at T by a nob or head. The tail or
socket S of the valve D is larger than the rod T, F, to which it serves as a
socket, and the relative motion of T, F, is sufficiently easy not to disturb
the tendency of the valves to remain in any situation they may happen to
possess. In the present situation of the apparatus the piece D, E, is supposed
to descend by the pressure of the water upon the surface above the closed
valve at D. The descent will continue until the end of the socket or tail S
comes into contact with the lower valve F, which will immediately be shut by
the action of the pressure, and the continuance of the descent will then cause
the valve D to open by the reaction of F against S. At this instant the whole
pressure of the column will be supported by F, and the piece D, E, will be at
liberty to ascend on account of the water way through its valve, and the
reaction upwards at Q, Q. As soon as it has risen so high as that the head T
shall touch the surface of the valve D, the rod F, T, will first shut the valve

page_text: D, and next open the valve F. The column will in consequence press upon D,
and cause the piece D, E, to descend by overcoming the counterpoise. And in
this manner the alteration may be continued as long as the supply from the
stream is kept up. The working piece D, E, when occasion requires, may be
slided down below the piece M, N, and the valves examined, cleared, or repaired,
with the same facility as in the engines, Figures 1, 4, and 5. And if more room
is wanted for these purposes, or the working piece D, E, required to be taken
out it may be done after disengaging the flanches at M, M, and separating and
taking away the part M, N. It is scarcely necessary to remark that the
insertion of these pipes within each other may be varied with regard to the
fittings and application of the packing, as described in the preceding Figures;
and that the form of the valves may be varied, or cocks may be substituted in
the place of valves; and that instead of the rod T, F, the connection between
the valves may be made by a string or chain, or jointed piece, and that the
opening and shutting of the valves or cocks may also be effected by levers, bars,
tumblers, and other well known apparatus, commonly used in steam engines, to
be worked by the alternate motion of this engine. If the apparatus Figure 6
be worked by the elasticity of steam, the lower part towards G must be pro-
vided with a condenser and a pump, to carry off the injection water and air;
in this case the pressure on the valve D will arise from the elasticity of steam
forcing.downwards towards the vacuum.
Figure 7 exhibits another method of applying the force of steam; the
closed cylinder D, E, is truly figured on the outside, and adapted by packing
to the external vessel H, H, or it may be secured by packing against the
external part of the cylinder W, X; steam is admitted into the vessel D, E,
by opening the valve K, in consequence of which, that vessel rises by reaction
or other impulse applied to the rod A, B. When the ascent has reached its
superior limit the valve K is shut, and L opened. This last valve.com-
municates with the condenser, so that a vacuum is immediately formed by the
usual method of injection, and the pressure of the atmosphere becomes active upon
D. By this means the vessel D, E, is made to descend, and when it has reached
its lowest limit the valve L is shut and K again opened. The accession of
steam permits the rise as before, and in this manner the alternation may be
continued at pleasure. The cavity Y, Y, serves to hold oil or any other fluid
which may be proper to secure the close fitting and preserve the packing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Rehe, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Eighth day of May, in the year of our Lord One thou-
sand seven hundred and ninety-nine.
SAM REHE. (L.S.)

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Eighth day, of May, in the
year above mentioned, the aforesaid Samuel Rehe came before our Lord the
King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid, and all
and every. thing therein contained, in form above written. And also the
Specification aforesaid was stamped, according to the tenor of the Statute in
that case made and provided.