Improvements in Apparatus for Filtering Saccharine or other Liquids or Solutions and Appliances for Cleaning the said Apparatus.
Year: 1888

page_text: Sate of Application. 30th Jan., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 30th Oct., 1838
Complete Specification Accepted, 7th Dec.. 1333
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Filtering Saccharine or other
Liquids or Solutions and Appliances for Cleaning the said
Apparatus.
We, BENJAMIN EDWARD REINA NEWLANDS of 27 Mincing Lane in the City of
London Analytical Chemist and JAMES BINGHAM ALLIOTT of Bloomsgrove Works
Nottingham in the County of Nottingham Engineer do hereby declare the nature
of this Invention to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates principally to the construction of a filtering apparatus the
parts of which can be readily removed for cleaning or other purpose without stopping
the working of the apparatus. The apparatus is of the class wherein the saccharine
or other liquid or solution is passed through a filtering medium such as filtering
cloth or the like. According to our invention we provide a number of
frames or supports over which the filtering medium such as cloth is stretched
so as to leave a space between two opposite sides of filtering media and these
frames or supports we range side by side in a vessel or container and support them so
that they can each be readily removed without disturbing the others. Inlets for the
solution or liquid to be filtered and outlets for the filtered solution or liquid are pro-
vided either so that the filtering is effected by the solution or liquid passing from the
inside of the covered frames or supports or from the outside thereof the filtering
taking place through all the media or cloths simultaneously. In order to support the
cloth or filtering medium we arrange inside or outside it (according to the direction
of flow of the liquid) wire gauze or grids or the like. To prevent the unfiltered
liquid passing into the outlet for filtered liquid on the removal of one of the frames
or supports for cleaning or other purpose, where the outlets are in the bottom of the
vessel or container which holds the unfiltered liquid to be filtered by passing into the
space between the cloth or media stretched over the frames we may provide means
whereby the outlet for the filtered liquid is brought up above the surface of the
unfiltered liquid or is automatically closed before the frame or support is removed.

page_text: Where the passage of the liquid is in the reverse direction that is when the unfiltered
liquid is passed into the said space and through the cloths or media into the vessel or
container the outlets for the filtered liquid are attached to the draw off pipe or the
like so that they can be readily removed. This may be effected in various ways for
instance in the first case the frame is attached to the outlet by means of a flexible
pipe of a length which will permit the entire withdrawal of the frame before the joint
between it and the flexible pipe is unfastened. The flexible pipe may then be retained
in position above the surface of the unfiltered liquor until the frame has been cleaned
and reattached to the said pipe when the frame and pipe may be again immersed in
the liquor to be filtered. Or the frame may be attached to a pipe passing through a
joint or stuffing box in the bottom of the vessel and dipping into a well the said pipe
being of such a length as to permit the entire withdrawal of the frame from the liquor
before the joint between it and the frame is unfastened. Or the opening in the bottom
of the vessel may be closed by means of a small piston or plug which rises frou
below so as to close the opening when the frame is withdrawn the opening being
automatically opened by a projecting portion of the frame when it is lowered.
The filtered liquor may be withdrawn from the interior of the frame either by con-
structing the frame itself of perforated piping permitting the filtered liquor to enter it
from within the frame and then making a connection from this piping to the outlet,
or a separate pipe may be introduced within the frame and the liquor may be drawn
off through this separate pipe.
In cases where it is not desired to draw off the filtered liquor through the bottom
of the tank or receiver holding the unfiltered liquor, the outlet from each frame may
be carried over the top of the tank and the liquor be withdrawn from the interior of
the frame, either by syphoning it over or by connecting the draw off pipe to an arrange-
ment for producing a vacuum or a partial vacuum. In such cases it is generally
most convenient to connect each frame separately to a cock or valve upon a pipe
which receives the filtered liquor from all the frames and we provide connections
readily fastened and unfastened so that but little time is required for connecting and
disconnecting each frame with or from the cock or valve through which the liquor
passes to the common outlet pipe.
The filtering frames may be entirely immersed in the liquor to be filtered or may
in some cases partly project above it. The speed at which the liquid passes through
the filtering cloth may be quickened by the use of a vacuum or a partial vacuum as
aforesaid.
The filtering surfaces or frames covered, with filtering cloth or medium arranged as
above described may each separately be readily withdrawn and removed and the
whole or the greater part of the impurity and dirt which has accumulated on the
outer surface of the filtering cloth or medium may be removed by passing the frame
covered with the filtering cloth into an apparatus for washing it. This apparatus
consists of a tank of a size sufficient to contain one or more of the filtering frames.
Circular revolving brushes are arranged preferably slightly below the surface of the
water in the washing tank. The filtering frame covered with filtering cloth or
medium is passed between these brushes as it is passed into the washing tank so that
the whole or the greater portion of the impurity is removed from the surface. If
required the filtering frame may be withdrawn and inserted several times.
We prefer
to arrange the revolving brushes by placing them on counterweighted arms or other-
wise so that they accommodate themselves to the thickness of the frame and are
brought into contact with the surfaces to be brushed with the required pressure.
When the greater portion of the impurity has been removed by the brushes we may
pass clean water or an air current through the filtering cloth or medium and in order
that the said cloth or medium may not be unduly distended and strained by the
pressure of this water or air we may provide grids or perforated supports in the tank
at such a distance apart as to permit the frame readily to drop between them.
In cases where the liquid to be filtered passes from inside the frames the dirt or
impurities will collect on the inner surface and therefore the filtering cloth or medium

page_text: should be so attached to the frame as to permit of its being readily removed
for cleaning. This may be effected by making the filtering cloth in the form
of a bag with one side or end open. This side or end may be wrapped over
the side of the frame at which it is situated and be secured by punching bars or plates
and screws.
Dated this 30th day of January 1888
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Filtering Saccharine or other
Liquids or Solutions and Appliances for Cleaning the said
Apparatus.
We BENJAMIN EDWARD REINA NEWLANDS of 27 Mincing Lane in the City of
London Analytical Chemist and JAMES BINGHAM ALLIOTT of Bloomsgrove Works
Nottingham in the County of Nottingham Engineer do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the saine is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Our Invention relates principally to the construction of a filtering apparatus the
parts of which can be readily removed for cleaning or other purpose without stopping
the working of the apparatus. The apparatus is of the class wherein the saccharine
or other liquid or solution is passed through a filtering medium, such as filtering cloth
or the like. According to our invention we provide a number of frames or supports
over which the filtering medium such as cloth is stretched so as to leave a space
between two opposite sides of a filtering media and these frames or supports covered
with filtering media and constituting what we will term filtering members we range
side by side in a vessel or container and support them so that they can each be readily
removed without disturbing the others. Inlets for the solution or liquid to be filtered
and outlets for the filtered solution or liquid are provided either so that the filtering
is effected by the solution or liquid passing from the inside to the outside of the
filtering members or from the outside to the inside thereof the filtering taking place
through all the media or cloths simultaneously. In order to support the cloth or
filtering medium we arrange inside or outside it (according to the direction of flow of
the liquid) wire gauge or grids or the like. To prevent the unfiltered liquid passing
into the outlet for filtered liquid on the removal of one of the filtering members for
cleaning or other purpose where the outlets for the filtered liquid are in the bottom of
the vessel or container which holds the unfiltered liquid to be filtered by passing into

page_text: the space between the cloth or media stretched over the frames we may provide means
whereby the outlet for the filtered liquid is brought up above the surface of the
unfiltered liquid or is automatically closed before the frame or support is removed.
Where the passage of the liquid is in the reverse direction that is when the unfiltered
liquid is passert into the said space and through the cloths or media into the vessel
or container the inlets for the unfiltered liquid are also attached to the inlet pipe or
the like so that they can be readily removed. The foregoing may be effected in
various ways for instance the frame is attached to the outlet or inlet by means of a
flexible pipe of a length which will permit the entire withdrawal of the filtering
member before the joint between it and the flexible pipe is unfastened. The flexible
pipe may then be retained in position above the surface of the liquor until the
filtering member has been cleaned and reattached to the said pipe when the filtering
member and pipe may be again immersed in the liquor. Or the filtering member
may be attached to a pipe passing, through a joint or stuffing box in the bottom of the
vessel and dipping into a well the said pipe being of such a length as to permit the
entire withdrawal of the filtering member from the liquor before the joint between it
and the filtering member is unfastened or the opening in the bottom of the vessel
may be closed by means of a small piston or plug which rises from below so as to
close the opening when the filtering member is withdrawn the opening being
automatically opened by a projecting portion of the filtering member when it is
lowered.
The filtered liquor may be withdrawn from the interior of the frame either by
constructing the frame itself of perforated piping permitting the filtered liquor to
enter it from within the frame and then making a connection from this piping to the
outlet or a separate pipe may be introduced within the filtering member and the
liquor may be drawn off through this separate pipe.
In
In cases where it is not desired to draw off the filtered liquor through the bottom of
the tank or receiver holding the unfiltered liquor the outlet from each filtering
member may be carried over the top of the tank and the liquor be withdrawn from
the interior of the filtering member either by syphoning it over or by connecting the
draw off pipe to an arrangement for producing a vacuum or a partial vacuum.
such cases it is generally most convenient to connect each filtering member separately
to a cock or valve upon a pipe which receives the filtered liquor from all the frames
and we provide connections readily fastened and unfastened so that but little time is
required for connecting and disconnecting each frame with or from the cock or valve
through which the liquor passes to the common outlet pipe.
The filtering member may be entirely immersed in the liquor to be filtered or may
in some cases partly project above it. The speed at which the liquid passes through
the filtering cloth may where the draw off is at bottom be quickeneri by the use of a
vacuum or a partial vacuum as aforesaid or gravity may be relied upon for the
purpose.
Where the unfiltered liquid is passed into the interiors of the filtering members
it may be done by a forcing device where the inlet is from below or by gravity
'assisted or not by a forcing device when the inlet is from above. In the case of
forcing the unfiltered liquid into the inside of the filtering members the inlet pipes.
must be provided with valves which can be closed when filtering-member is with-
drawn in order to allow the liquid to run out of the filtering member a valve is
provided to close communication with the forcing device and open communication for
the outflow of the unfiltered remaining in the member. In all cases the pipes which
communicate with the interiors of the filtering members should be provided with
cocks to close them when the filtering members are to be removed.
The filtering surfaces or frames covered with filtering cloth or media arranged as
above described may each separately be readily withdrawn and removed and the
whole or the greater part of the impurity and dirt which has (in the case of drawing
off the filtered liquid from inside) accumulated on the outer surface of the filtering
cloth or media may be removed by passing the filtering member into an apparatus for
washing it. This apparatus consists of a tank of a size sufficient to contain one or

page_text: more of the filtering members. Circular revolving brushes are arranged preferably
slightly below the surface of the water in the washing tank. The filtering member
is passed between these brushes as it is passed into the washing tank so that the whole
or the greater portion of the impurity is removed from the surface. If required the
filtering member may be withdrawn and inserted several times. We prefer to
arrange the revolving brushes by placing them on counterweighted arms or otherwise
so that they accomodate themselves to the thickness of the filtering member and are
brought into contact with the surfaces to be brushed with the required pressure.
When the greater portion of the impurity has been removed by the brushes we
may pass clean water or an air current through the filtering cloth or medium and in
order that the said cloth or medium may not be unduly distended and strained by
the pressure of this water or air we may provide grids or perforated supports in the
tank at such a distance apart as to permit the frame readily to drop between them.
In cases where the liquid to be filtered passes from inside the frames the dirt or
impurities will collect on the inner surface and therefore the filtering cloth or medium
should be so attached to the frame as to permit of its being readily removed for
cleaning. This may be effected by making the filtering cloth in the form of a bag
with one side or end open. This side or end may be wrapped over the side of the
frame at which it is situated and he secured by punching bars or plates and screws, or
by clips.
And in order that our said invention may be fully understood we shall now proceed
more particularly to describe the same and for that purpose shall refer to the several
figures on the annexed sheets of drawings the same letters of reference indicating
corresponding parts in all the figures.
Figure 1 represents in longitudinal sectional elevation an arrangement of filtering
plant in accordance with our invention. A is the filtering vessel or container fitted
with the filtering members B B B2 B3 B4 B which consist of frames or supports
covered with filtering cloth or media.
C is a
washing tank fitted with washing
apparatus as hereinafter described. D is an overhead rail (supported by standards d) on
which rail runs a pulley and lifting apparatus for transporting the filtering members
from the vessel or container A to the washing tank C and back again. Figure 2 shows
a section of the washing tank taken at right angles to the section thereof in
Figure 1. Figure 3 represents a section of one of the frames or supports drawn to a
larger scale, showing the way in which the filtering cloth or media is arranged upon
it, and one way in which the open end of the filtering cloth or media may be secured.
Figures 4to 13 hoth inclusive show in cross section the filtering vessel or container
together with various arrangements of the filtering members within it, and various
means of connecting these with the outlet for filtered liquor from or the inlet for
unfiltered liquid to each filtering member.
In all the Figures the same letters are used to indicate like parts.
In Figure 1, as already mentioned, A. represents the vessel or container fitted with
the filtering members B B B² B³ B and B each of which consists of a frame or
support covered with a suitable filtering medium such as filtering cloth or the like,
and each of which represents a different method of connection between the interior
of the filtering member and the piping which is used either to extract the filtered
liquor from the interior of the filtering member supposing the filtration to be from
the outside thereof inwards, or to adinit unfiltered liquor into the interior of the
filtering member supposing the filtration to be from the inside of the filtering
member outwards. It is to be understood however that the whole of the filtering
members will as a rule be furnished with the same description of connection which-
ever of the plans may be the one selected. The filtering members are supported upon
the bars a a running from end to end of the vessel or container A and are kept in
position by the supports a a¹ a a¹. We prefer to make the bottom of the vessel
or container inclined, as shown, in order that the dirt and mud which collects in it
may be more readily drawn away to the run-off cock a² by means of which the
vessel or container A is emptied when necessary for cleaning or other purpose. We
will describe the several arrangements on the assumption that the filtering effected

page_text: "
·
'
by drawing the unfiltered liquid from the vessel A into the interior of filtering
members it being under stood that when the filtering is effected in the reverse direc-
tion the unfiltered liquid is passed into the interior of the filtering members and
that the filtered liquor is received in the tank A. The filtering member Bas
shown more clearly in Figure 4 is constructed with a frame or support of piping
which has in it perforations communicating with the interior of the filtering
member which piping is continued over the top of the vessel or container A as shown
at e, and is connected by means of the coupling to the cock e communicating with
the pipe The coupling e¹ is made so that it can very readily be removed from
or attached to the cock e when it is required to remove the filtering member or to
replace it in the vessel or container A. By means of this pipe e, connection e¹, cock e²
and pipe the liquor which passes or is drawn into the interior of the filtering
member may readily be either syphoned over or withdrawn by means of a vacuum or
partial vacuum, which may be produced in the pipe e³.
In the arrangement shown at B¹ in Figure 1 and more clearly in Figure 5 the
liquor instead of being drawn into the filtering member by perforations therein is
removed by means of the pipe which descends into the interior of the filtering
member and is there perforated. In other respects it is similar to the filtering
member B and is connected by means of a similar coupling el and cock e² to the pipe
which serves to withdraw the liquor from the filtering member either by syphoning
it over or by the creation of a vacuum or partial vacuum as already described. In
the arrangement B2 Figure 1 shewn more clearly in Figure 10, the filtered liquor is
withdrawn from the filtering member by means of a flexible pipe g. In Figure 11.
this pipe is shown supported above the surface of the liquid in the vessel or receiver A.
as it would be when the filtering member B² has been removed for washing or other
purpose represents the readily removable connection by which the pipe gis
attached to the frame B2 and g² represents a cock which controls the flow of liquor
from it. At B in Figure 1 and more clearly in Figure 12 and 13 is shewn a modi-
fication of the last preceding mode of attaching the filtering member. In this
arrangement the pipe instead of being flexible is a jointed pipe. Figure 13 shews
the position of the said pipe when the filtering member is removed.
In the arrangement shewn at B Figure I and more clearly in Figures 6 and 7
the pipe is attached to the perforated frame of the filtering member and passes
down through a stuffing box gt by which the pipe g³ is secured to the vessel A. The
pipe slides telescopically in the pipe . Figure 7 shewing the position of the
pipe when the filtering member is removed.
In the arrangement shewn at B Figure 1. and more clearly in Figures 8 and 9 the
perforated frame of the filtering member is provided with a short pipe y perforated
at this perforated end entering the chamber with which the outlet pipe (with the
cock thereon communicates. When the filtering member is withdrawn the spring z
forces up the piston y and ball to which closes the opening in the vessel A.
For the purpose of washing the filtering members B B they are removed from
the vessel A to the washing tank C by means of the overhead traveller d¹ fitted with
a pulley over which works a cord or chain ³ to which is attached the shackle d'
which is so constructed as readily to lay hold of the filtering member and permit it
to be raised by means of the cord and pulley when it may be readily removed by
running the traveller along the rail 1 to over the washing tank C. and lowering
it thereinto. The said washing tank C is provided with bars cc for supporting the
filtering member which is being washed. It is also furnished with circular
brushes which are so arranged that they can be readily moved nearer to or
further from each other by means of the counter balance weights which are
attached to the levers which are centered at a and carry the axes of the circular
brushes. The brushes e¹ may be caused to revolve by means of the handle
one of the shafts provided with a pinion by the pinions to the said brushes-
are toothed wheels by which the motion of one brush is conveyed to the other
through gearing as shewn. The filtering member B2 in passing into this washing
tank into the position shown in Figure 1. passes between the revolving brushes,
on

page_text: and by them the greater portion of the dirt which has collected upon the surface of
the filtering material is removed.
If necessary the filtering member may be raised and lowered several times in order
to effect a more complete cleansing thereof. The filtering member B2 when in the
Washing Tank C is connected with the cock g in the bottom of this Tank by means
of the flexible rubber pipe and the connection g'. When the dirt has been to a
great extent removed from the filtering medium by means of the brushes c¹ c¹ fresh
water or air may be introduced into the interior of the filtering member by means of
the cock and the pipe and be caused to traverse the filtering medium from within
outwards in order more thoroughly to remove the particles of dirt therefrom.
ee are removable grids which are arranged to support the filtering medium when
thus exposed to pressure from within.
Similar grids may be used within the vessel or container A. in cases where the
filtering members are used for filtering from within outwards and like grids may be
used inside the filtering cloth or the like when the filtering is effected in the reverse
direction.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is:
1. In filtering apparatus a vessel containing a series of filtering members, each
consisting of frames covered with and closed in by filtering cloth or media and
provided with a connection (independent from the connections of the other filtering
members) for drawing off the filtered liquor or passing in the unfiltered liquor which
has passed through, or is to pass through the filtering cloth or media, the whole so
arranged that each filtering member can readily be removed and replaced without,
interfering with the work being done by the other filtering members of the series
all substantially as herein before described.
2. In filtering apparatus a vessel containing a series of filtering members each
consisting of frames, covered with and closed in by filtering cloth or media and
each provided with a separate device through which the filtered liquor is drawn off
from within the filtering member, and means for applying suction to the pipe,
through which the filtered liquid is withdrawn substantially as hereinbefore described.
3. In filtering apparatus a vessel containing a series of filtering frames each
covered and closed in by filtering cloth or media and provided with grids or the like
for supporting the filtering cloth or media, each member being provided with a
separate device for introducing unfiltered liquor, under pressure within it-the
whole being so arranged that each filtering member can readily be removed for
cleaning or other purposes and replaced without interfering with the work being done
by the other filtering members all substantially as hereinbefore described.
4. The apparatus substantially as described for removing dirt from the filtering
cloth or like material covering the frames without removing the said filtering cloth
from the frames.
5. The arrangement and combination of parts constituting the filtering and cleaning
device as shewn in Figure 1 and described with reference to the accompanying
drawings.
6. The several constructions of filtering members substantially as and for the
purpose hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figures 6 and 7, 8 and 9, 10 and 11,
and 12 and 13 of the accompanying drawings,