IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF CORE
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Penrose and William Frederick Richards,
both of Swansea, in the County of Glamorgan, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF CORE"
Scaled the 10th November 1875, and dated the 23rd September 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Penrose and
William Frederick Richards at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 23rd September 1874.
We, WILLIAM PENROSE and WILLIAM FREDERICK RICHARDS, both
of Swansea, in the County of Glamorgan, do hereby declare the nature
of our said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF COKE," to
be as follows :—
Our Invention relates to the production of coke, and consists in the
mixing or incorporating of anthracite or stone coal, or free burning
steam coal, or coal known as Staffordshire slack, or other non-coking
coals with bituminous coal, or any other coal capable of making coke,
together with pitch or tar, or with any form of tar or bitumen, mineral

page_text: oils containing bitumen, petroleum, or any of the waste products of
petroleum, such coal or coals, pitch, tar, or other bituminous matters
being ground or mixed together as after mentioned. The mixture thus
produced is to be placed in any well-known form of oven or retort
commonly used for cokeing, and the surface is then to be covered with
a layer of bituminous coal or other bituminous matter.
In carrying out our Invention we cause the coals and pitch, tar, or
other bituminous matters to be ground, granulated, disintegrated, or
pulverized, and thoroughly admixed simultaneously by means of any
well-known disintegrator, such for example as the machine known as
"Carr's disintegrator," or by any other suitable grinding and incorpo-
rating apparatus. Or each article of a solid character may be ground,
granulated, disintegrated, or pulverised separately, and the several
component parts necessary for the production of the coke afterwards
admixed by means of Carr's disintegrator, or any other suitable in-
corporating apparatus. When such admixture or incorporation has
been effected the materials thus mixed, either with or without a sufficient
quantity of water to moisten the same, are to be introduced into a
convenient retort, or any of the well-known forms of cokeing ovens for
the purpose of being converted into coke, and when placed in such oven
or retort are to be covered with a layer of bituminous coals or matter,
bituminous coal being preferred; or in lieu of such layer a sufficient
quantity of coal or bituminous matter may be placed in the oven so as
to ensure the early ignition and proper working of the charge.
The proportions in which the coals or mixtures of the same are to be
employed, together with one or more of the before-mentioned materials,
will vary according to the quality of the coals and the nature of the
bituminous matter employed.
We have found that good results may be obtained by employing from
about sixty parts by weight of anthracite or stone coal of average good
quality to about thirty-four parts by weight of bituminous or cokeing
coal, and to about six parts by weight of pitch or ordinary coal tar.
The layer of bituminous coal we employ may vary from about two to
six inches in depth, but as we have before-mentioned, these proportions
and layers may be varied.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Penrose and William Frederick Richards
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 22nd March 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
PENROSE and WILLIAM FREDERICK RICHARDS, both of Swansea, in the
County of Glamorgan, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in
the 38th year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said William Penrose and William Frederick
Richards, Her special license that we, the said William Penrose and
William Frederick Richards, our exccutors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said William Penrose and William Frederick
Richards, our executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time
agree with and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF COKE," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said William Penrose and William Frederick
Richards, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Penrose and William
Frederick Richards, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement, that is to
say: 7
Our Invention relates to the production of coke, and consists in the
mixing or incorporating of anthracite or stone coal, or free burning
steam coal, or coal known as Staffordshire slack; or other non-coking

page_text: coals with bituminous coal, or any other coal capable of making coke,
together with pitch or tar, or with any form of tar or bitumen, mineral
oils containing bitumen, petroleum, or any of the waste products of
petroleum, such coal or coals, pitch, tar, or other bituminous matters
being ground or mixed together as after mentioned. The mixture thus
produced is to be placed in any well-known form of oven or retort
commonly used for coking, and the surface is then to be covered with
a layer of bituminous coal or other bituminous matter.
In carrying out our Invention we cause the coals and pitch, tar, or
other bituminous matters to be ground, granulated, disintegrated, or
pulverized, and thoroughly admixed simultaneously by means of any
well-known disintegrator, such for example as the machine known as
"Carr's disintegrator," or by any other suitable grinding and incorpo-
rating apparatus. Or each article of a solid character may be ground,
granulated, disintegrated, or pulverized separately, and the several
component parts necessary for the production of the coke afterwards
admixed by means of Carr's disintegrator, or any other suitable
incorporating apparatus. When such admixture or incorporation has
been effected the materials thus mixed, either with or without a sufficient
quantity of water to moisten the same, are to be introduced into a
convenient retort, or any of the well-known forms of coking ovens for
the purpose of being converted into coke; and when placed in such oven
or retort are to be covered with a layer of bituminous coals or matter,
bituminous coal being preferred; or in lieu of such layer a sufficient
quantity of coal or bituminous matter may be placed in the oven, so as
to ensure the early ignition and proper working of the charge.
The proportions in which the coals or mixtures of the same are to
be employed, together with one or more of the before-mentioned
materials, will vary according to the quality of the coals and the nature
of the bituminous matter employed.
We have found that good results may be obtained by employing from
about sixty parts by weight of anthracite or stone coal of average good
quality to about thirty-four parts by weight of bituminous or coking
coal, and to about six parts by weight of pitch or ordinary coal tar.
The layer of bituminous coal we employ may vary from about two to
six inches in depth, but as we have before-mentioned, these proportions
and layers may be varied.

page_text: Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, we would observe in conclusion that what we consider
to be novel and original and therefore claim as the Invention secured to
us by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
First. The production of coke from a mixture of anthracite or other
non-coking or imperfectly coking coal, bituminous coal, and pitch, tar,
bitumen, or other pitch yielding material, the same being first reduced
to a fine state of division, and of thorough admixture or incorporation
before being submitted to a coking process, as herein described.
Second. The employment in the coking oven in conjunction with the
materials prepared as before-mentioned of an upper layer of bituminous
coal, or of bituminous matter, in order that the early ignition and the
proper working of the charge may be effected.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Frederick Richards, on
behalf of myself and the said William Penrose, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Twenty-second day of March, One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.
W. FRED. RICHARDS. (L.S.)