matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING AND PRODUCING CERTAIN FIGURED AND EMBOSSED SURFACES FOR VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gustave Josse at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th November
1866.
I, GUSTAVE JOSSE, of Giltspur Street, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING
AND PRODUCING CERTAIN FIGURED AND EMBOSSED SURFACES FOR VARIOUS USEFUL
PURPOSES," to be as follows (that is to say):-
My Invention has reference to the combination and mode of producing
various surface ornamentations upon metallic paper, cardboard, tinsel, papier
maché, wood, enamel, tinted, painted, and plain papers, textile and other
fabrics applicable for showcards, labels, screens, theatrical decorations,
placards, advertising or otherwise, and consists in employing for the above
purposes metallic and other preparations such as bronze, gold or silver powders,
flock, paint, enamel, or distemper colors, by applying the same to the various
surfaces as above through the medium of block printing, lithography,
embossing, or photography, whereby a greater brilliancy of effect is obtained
than by the ordinary process of register or color printing as at present. For
this object to obtain my improved devices upon the metallic surface, paper, or
otherwise, I cause the said device to be first printed in adhesive size or other
similar matter, so that the powdered substances aforesaid applied thereto are

page_text: caused to adhere and produce the pattern desired, the said sheets are then
smoothed or calendered as may be found requisite; paint being also employed
for forming the device, letters, or figures when required in lieu of the powdered
substances before mentioned, thereby obtaining upon a metallic surface
painted, flock, or other devices, and upon tinted, colored, or enamelled paper,
flock, metallic, spangled, or ornamented type, figures, landscapes, heraldic,
architectural, and other embellishments.
A NEW AND IMPROVED GRIDIRON
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Julien Denis at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th March
1866.
I, JULIEN DENIS, of 25, Stamford Street, in the County of Surrey, Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW AND
IMPROVED GRIDIRON," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a new and improved save-all gridiron; it is made
of sheet iron, block tin, cast iron, or any suitable metal, and can be galvanized
or enamelled; the bars can be made on two different plans, having the same
object, one sloping downward from the center and the other horizontal.
The parts which form. the bars are to a certain extent overlapped in a
downward direction from the center cross piece to the said bars, which form
the gutters on each side or round the gridiron, according to the form or shape,
the bars forming a surface impassable in a line transverseley to the general
plan of the bars whatever form this gridiron possesses. The bars may be
Inade single or in a set of one piece, which forms the surface of the gridiron ;
the handle is formed by the continuation of the cross piece which forms the
ridge or center between the two inclinations. Double rows of curved bars
forming a horizontal surface, the bars being fixed reverseley to the cross pieces
at a suitable elevation, to allow sufficient heat, the under bars forming the
gutters which receive the fat and gravy to carry it to the receiver.

page_text: The feet are formed by the continuation of the cross bars; a receiver is
placed beneath the handle, having for its object the saving of all the fat and
gravy, and being free from smoke or smell in cooking the meat or fish, pro-
ducing fine brown colour free from burnt or smoky taste.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CONNECTORS FOR UNITING WIRES, BANDS, ROPES, OR ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH CABLES, OR OTHER LIKE ROPES OR CABLES COMPOSED PARTLY OF WIRE AND PARTLY OF HEMP OR OTHER DESIRABLE COMPOUND MATERIAL
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles William Farmer, William
Edward Partridge, and Byron Jesse Philip Webb at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 11th July
1866.
We, CHARLES WILLIAM FARMER and WILLIAM EDWARD PARTRIDGE, both
of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Machinists, and BYRON JESSE PHILIP
WEBB, of Belfast, Ireland, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of our
said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CONNECTORS FOR UNITING WIRES,
BANDS, ROPES, OR ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH CABLES, OR OTHER LIKE ROPES OR CABLES
COMPOSED PARTLY OF WIRE AND PARTLY OF HEMP OR OTHER DESIRABLE COMPOUND
MATERIAL," to be as follows, that is to say.-
Our improvements in relation to the uniting or connecting of wires or
compound wires, and other materials, such as telegraph and fence wires, cables, or
ropes of a general circular form in their transverse section in contradistinction
to flat surfaces, such as leather banding, consist in taking such circular forms,
whether wire, ropes, or cables, and laying one end on the other, and encom-
passing them with a metal clip with or without an inner bearing plate, and
by means of a screw or screws working through the clip we are enabled to
securely hold the two ends in contact, and if additional security is required
two or more of the said clips may be used. Where the material desired to

page_text: be held or secured is flat in the transverse section, such as banding for
working over pulleys for giving motion to machinery, we employ two clips
which by preference we make of metal, and by means of a screw secured to
the inner plate or clip (the said screw passing through a central orifice in
the outer clip) and the addition of a nut the two may be so securely screwed
together as to hold between them the ends of a band, thus forming a
secure and ready connection, which may be released or again secured for
altering or tightening the band as may be requisite, but where the banding is
wide an additional screw or screws may be used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FINISHING TOBACCO
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Hardie Clydesdale and
James Esson Wilson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 27th June 1866.
We, ROBERT HARDIE CLYDESDALE,. Tobacco Manufacturer, and JAMES
ESSON WILSON, Engineer, both of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of 'the' said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FINISHING TOBACCO," to be as follows, that is
to say :-
This Invention relates to apparatus for conducting in a superior, more
expeditious, and economical manner than hitherto the operations technically
termed the "finishing" of tobacco.
The finishing consists mainly in subjecting the tobacco to heat in a
stove, the tobacco being spun, or twisted, or laid, and otherwise prepared,
and then compressed prior to being introduced into the stove. In ordinary
arrangements the tobacco is left free to expand more or less in the stove,
and becomes deteriorated in consequence, whilst the heat usually applied
is not great enough, being only what is obtainable from boiling water or
steam of low pressure in a jacket or shell surrounding the stove chamber, and
the tobacco has consequently to be subjected to it for a comparatively long
period in order to obtain the desired effect.

page_text: In constructing the finishing stove according to the present Invention
appliances are provided for confining the tobacco in a compressed state whilst
in the stove. The tobacco is arranged in layers with metal plates between
the layers and with a strong movable top or cover plate which is acted on by
one or more screws working in tapped sockets in a bar of proper form and
strength in the roof of the stove chamber or in the cover plate itself. Other
means may be adapted in lieu of screws, such as levers or cams, to produce
the required pressure. After the tobacco is introduced it is compressed as
much as may be necessary by means of the cover plate and screws. The
screws may be actuated by means of ordinary spanners or ratchet levers, or
by worm or bevil gearing. A platform or false bottom is by preference
introduced for the tobacco to lie upon instead of lying upon the bottom of the
stove chamber. The stove chamber is formed of iron plates, and is directly
heated by means of flues from a fire directly beneath it, such flues diverging
to and passing all round the stove in the most effective manner. The platform
or false bottom prevents the ton intense action of the heat on the bottom layer
of tobacco, and permits of dishes of water being introduced beneath it for the
formation of vapour or steam, which is advantageously employed in finishing
some classes of tobacco. If preferred, however, the steam may be introduced
from a boiler apart by a pipe leading into the stove chamber, the supply by
which pipe can le accurately adjusted by means of a stop valve.
AN IMPROVED FASTENING INTENDED TO REPLACE THE ORDINARY SCREWS AND NUTS IN BEDSTEADS, AND ARTICLES OF FURNITURE GENERALLY
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
July 1866. A communication from abroad by Pierre Armand Protard,
of No. 15, Passage des Petites Ecuries, Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED FASTENING
INTENDED TO REPLACE THE ORDINARY SCREWS AND NUTS IN BEDSTEADS, AND
ARTICLES OF FURNITURE GENERALLY," (a communication to me from abroad by
Pierre Armand Protard, of No. 15, Passage des Petites Ecuries, Paris,
France), to be as follows:-
By means of the fastening, the subject of this Invention, the setting up and
taking to pieces of furniture becomes very easy. It is composed, firstly, of
a spindle carrying a square and a circular part, the whole moving round an
eccentric rod fixed to one of the pieces which are to be fastened together;
secondly, of a catch or book, which by means of the spindle when set in
motion, by the aid of a key or a lever, receives a come-and-go motion, fixing.
it to or withdrawing it from a bolt or pin fixed on the other part to be joined ;
the spindle moves in the space left in the hook or catch, so that it is only
necessary to exert a pressure on the key or lever to take down or set up the
bedstead or other article of furniture, such as wardrobe or bookcase.
CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE METHOD OF OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Perré at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th January
1866.
I, EDMUND PERRÉ, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE METHOD OF OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED
THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
My Invention is designed for the purpose of obtaining "motive power" by
alternately inflating and compressing air bags or chambers by an arrangement
of mechanism designed for such purpose, and which may be thus described :-
A large revolving wheel is employed on a shaft supported in bearings, and
is supplied with a number of radial arms, upon each of which an air chamber
or bag is secured, the moveable or top portion of each being supplied with
weights which are firmly secured thereto; these weights form an equipoise or
balance on the wheel, but when in motion the air bags ascending from the
lower to the top centre of the wheel are caused to expand and inflate with air
by weights when in that position being hung therefrom, but in descending the
weights rest upon and compress the air from such bags, which being received
through tubes communicating with one common thoroughfare become dis-
charged into a second arrangement of air chambers, one end of which being

page_text: moveable and the other fixed give motion, as the pressure of air is forced into
them, to a crank or other equivalent. The air as the wheel revolves is
received and discharged through perforations placed around the axis of the
said wheel, one half the number of holes being constantly exposed to receive
the air, and the other half being covered by a receiver or thoroughfare to which
each bag is connected, and through which the air is expelled to the arrange-
ment of bags, and giving motion to the crank as aforesaid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FLESHING AND SHAVING HIDES AND SKINS OF ANIMALS IN THE RAW, TANNED, OR DRESSED STATE
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Ingham at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th April
1866.
J, WILLIAM INGHAM, of Armley, near Leeds, in the County of York,
Tanner and Leather Dresser, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FLESHING AND SHAVING HIDES
AND SKINS OF ANIMALS IN THE RAW, TANNED, OR DRESSED STATE," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in mounting a cylinder or roller upon a shaft which
has motion given to it from a driving pulley. Upon this cylinder or roller
cutting blades or knives are spirally fixed. Immediately above these knives
is an adjustable guide or pressing roller, between which and the knives
mounted upon the cylinder or roller the hides or skins to be operated upon
are drawn either by ordinary drawing rollers or other suitable means. As the
substance passes through the machine it is fleshed or shaved by the cutting
blades or knives, and by means of adjusting screws upon the upper roller any
required amount of fleshing or shaving may be cut.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CAMP OR FOLDING BEDSTEADS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Browne at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st June 1866.
-A communication from abroad by Robert Clegg, of No. 42, Boulevard
de Sebastopol, Paris, in the Empire of France..
I, BENJAMIN BROWNE, of No. 49, King William Street, in the City of London,.
Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CAMP OR FOLDING
BEDSTEADS," (a communication) from Robert Clegg, of No. 42, Boulevard de
Sebastopol, Paris, in the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates more particularly to portable bedsteads, and such as
are required to fold into a small compass, and the principal features of novelty
consist, first, in the construction of the hinged parts or folding joints; secondly,
in the method of connecting together and securely fixing the cross legs of the
bedstead; and, thirdly, the general arrangement and combination of the several
parts employed to form an entire bedstead.
The following will serve as an example of the mode of constructing bedsteads
according to this Invention, that is to say, the sides of the bedstead are
formed of round pieces of wood in three parts hinged together by metal hinges,
so as to be capable of being folded up. Around these side pieces the sacking
of the bedstead is securely fixed by sewing or otherwise. The hinges above
mentioned are each formed of two pieces of malleable cast iron, and into one
of such said pieces a flat piece of metal is securely fixed, and has a slot or
long hole formed therein, through which passes a pin, the said pin being fixed

page_text: across one end of a short tube of metal, the other end of the said tube having
a round piece of wood securely fixed thereinto, and in this manner each and
every hinged piece is provided, these said pieces of wood being employed as
the legs of the bedstead, and also to keep the sacking distended. To effect
this I cross the legs like the letter X, and around each of the crossing parts
thereof is fixed a short tube of metal, in one of which and midway of its length
is fixed a T-shaped piece of metal which is intended to take and lock into a
corresponding shaped recess formed in the tube which is upon the other leg,
and by these means the legs are firmly held together. The legs at the head
part of the bedstead are formed longer than the other legs for the
making the sacking higher at this part of the bedstead so as to serve the
purpose of a pillow. It is proposed to employ cross legs of the above
construction in the construction of some of the ordinary iron bedsteads.
purpose
of
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Joy at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th September
1866.
I, DAVID JOY, of Middlesbro'-on-Tees, in the County of York, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to that class of engines usually designated as "high
and low pressure engines," and consists, first, in running the pistons of my two
cylinders or sets of cylinders at speeds proportionate to their pressures, that is
to say, I run my high-pressure cylinders at a high speed, such as is due to
high-pressure steam, and my low-pressure cylinders at a low speed due to the
pressure therein used, and I either couple the two sets by suitable gearing or
I drive a screw or twin screws with the one and paddles with the other, or
screws variously pitched and speeded, or paddles of different diameters, always
arranging that each piston or set of pistons shall have a speed suitable to the
pressure it is worked at; or I gain the difference of the speeds by giving the
high-pressure cylinders a length of stroke as compared with the low-pressure
cylinders to suit the pressures relatively, and I carry on expansion in either set
of cylinders, or in both combined; but I prefer it to be entirely effected in the
bigh-pressure cylinders.

page_text: Secondly, I arrange my low-pressure cylinder or cylinders as is ordinarily
done with condensers, air pumps, and the other fittings, or I use the cylinders
of existing low-pressure engines, and I add the high-pressure cylinder or
cylinders framed separately, and by preference in wrought iron, and capable of
being removed entire, still leaving the low-pressure cylinder or pair of cylinders
entire as an ordinary engine, and I further arrange the above framings that by
a slight motion I can throw the high-pressure cylinder out of gear with the
low-pressure engines and screw or paddle shafts, and run them separately as
ordinary high-pressure engines (exhausting into the chimney) for working the
crabs or donkey pumps.
For land engines I combine the cylinders similarly as for marine purposes,
and connect by gearing or straps, or I add a high-pressure cylinder or cylinders
to the existing low-pressure cylinder or cylinders.
For locomotives I run separate pairs or sets of wheels by the two cylinders
or sets of cylinders, thus driving a small pair of wheels by the high-pressure
cylinders and a large pair by the low pressure.
And I make the valves of such engines cylindrical balance valves forced
continuously in one direction by the steam pressure, the motion being given
to them by eccentrics and gear pushing them, while the steam always compels
them to follow such eccentrics.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE- ARMS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Walter Barber and William
Barber at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 28th August 1866.
We, THOMAS WALTER BARBER and WILLIAM BARBER, of 111, Lower
Thames Street, London, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-
ARMS," to be as follows:-
In our improvements the withdrawal and fall of the hammer in conjunction
with certain springs is made to operate the breech-piece as follows:-In one
arrangement the breech piece is a block of steel sliding vertically in grooves,
so that when up it closes the breech, and when down the breech is open;
it is connected at its lower part to a lever or levers working upon a centre pin
fixed either behind the barrel or under it; in the latter case the levers are
extended behind the barrel, and in both cases the parts behind the barrel have
slots cut in them in which a pin fixed to the hammer works, the hammer
being placed centrally with the stock and working between the levers, but
if only one lever be used the hammer must be made double; the slots are so
shaped that by drawing back the hammer the levers and breech piece are
depressed and the end of the barrel opened, and vice versa. In order to
prevent the hammer being retarded in striking, by having to move the levers,
a spring is placed in a convenient position under them or one of them,
constantly pressing them upwards. The breech piece may be fixed to the
levers, but will then move in a curved groove.

page_text: In another arrangement a breech piece is hinged behind the barrel, the
hinge being at the end furthest from the barrel, and this piece when lowered
forms a groove for the cartridge to be slid in and out of the barrel. This
breech piece is formed of two cheeks or sides united by a solid piece at the
end nearest the barrel, and the hammer works between these sides, in which
are cut slots, and a pin is fixed to the hammer and moves in these slots as
before to lower and lift the breech piece. It will be understood that in all
these arrangements the hammer centre is placed some distance below the
barrel, and that in striking it moves (the hammer) from an inclined position
to a position nearly vertical.
In another arrangement behind the cartridge chamber the barrel is extended
about six inches, and in this part is placed a sliding plug driven forwards by a
spiral spring. Two projections from this plug extend through slots in the sides
of the barrel to enable the plug to be drawn back; on the bottom of this plug
is a third projection extending through à slot in the bottom of the barrel, and
through this projection a pin is fixed which moves in slots in two levers hinged
near the butt end to the bottom of the barrel, and fixed at the other ends to a
breech block as in the first arrangement described, thus by drawing back the
sliding plug or hammer the breech piece is depressed by the pin and slotted
levers, and when the plug is released from the trigger it closes the breech
and strikes the cartridge through a hole in the breech block.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AEROSTATIC APPARATUS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James William Butler at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
April 1866.
I, JAMES WILLIAM BUTLER, of Hollywood House, Princes Road, Wimbledon
Park, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AEROSTATIC APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
According to my improvements I employ a large light rectangular or other
shape frame covered with silk or other light material whereby to expose a
surface to the air, this surface I dispose at the back of the person across the
shoulders, the upper edge of the frame being at about that level, and so
connected thereat as to move as on a hinge, the lower edge being secured by
straps so that the surface shall take and maintain any particular angle or incline
desired; this surface extends a long distance on each side of the person and
according to the amount of surface it is desired to present; this surface I use
for giving the ascending power. I raise two light standards from this inclined
surface, and joint thereto what I term pinions or wings, one to each; these
pinions are held and pulled upwards by cords and india-rubber springs stretched
between them. The pinions consist each of a long light arm, either curved
or otherwise; the stem or joint is adapted for the operator to grasp in his
hands (one in each hand), while throughout its length it is furnished with a

page_text: series of stretchers of whalebone extended in the backward direction, on
which stretchers and arm silk or other light material is distended by impart-
ing an up-and-down motion to the arms, the elastic stretchers will be deflected,
and the whole surface inclined by the pressure on the air, and will produce a
tendency to forward motion. Thus the operator has simply to pull the
pinions downward and then allow them to rise by the force of the spring or
springs before mentioned; by this combination of the fixed inclined surface
and the movable wings I acquire a tendency to upward and forward motion,
and which if not available for high or long flights may be very useful for
low or short flights. In order to acquire power for rising I employ a
carriage placed on an incline or hill and allow it to run down and acquire
great velocity, at same time disposing the operator and apparatus so as to
secure the direct full force of the rush through the air which will raise him
from the carriage, if the pinions be at same time plied vigorously a flight
may be attained of considerable extent. Other means may be adopted for
causing the ascension of the aerostat and operator, such as by jumping from
an elevation or being pulled by a rope at a great velocity through the air.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW VALVES FOR WATERCLOSETS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Thomas Blundell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
April 1866.
I, GEORGE THOMAS BLUNDELL, of No. 7, Conant Place, West India Dock
Road, Limehouse, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW VALVES FOR WATERCLOSETS,"
to be as follows:-
The Invention has reference to screw valves for regulating the supply of
water to waterclosets, and consists in constructing them with a particular
description of conical plug fitting a corresponding conical seat situate in or
across the flow or passage way for the water, and made to move into or away
from the seat (for opening or closing the valve) by turning the stem or
spindle of the plug, the said stem or spindle having a quick threaded screw
thereon which works through a screwed bush or nut.
The particular description of conical plug consists in its being constructed
with its effective or working end or conical portion made as a conical ring or
hollow cone, and with the stem conically fitted into and capable of being
turned round within the ring or hollow cone, thereby allowing the plug
to be pressed forward into the seat or to be withdrawn by turning the stem
without of necessity turning the ring or hollow cone. A handle or lever or
hand wheel may conveniently be fitted to the stem for the purpose of
turning it.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN PILE SHOES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. left William Eassie at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents with his Petition, on the 12th January
1866.
I, WILLIAM EASSIE, of Great George Street, Westminster, S.W.,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN PILE SHOES," to be as follows: -
Instead of making pile shoes for wooden piles, as has heretofore
been generally done, of several pieces of wrought iron welded together
into one piece at their lower extremities and there formed into a point or
sharp head, the straps or tail pieces, generally four or more, being so
formed as to receive the pointed or tapered lower end of the wooden pile,
and by means of spikes or screws be joined or screwed thereto through
holes punched in the straps or tail ends of the pile shoe, and instead also
of the modes or methods heretofore employed for forming pile shoes, I by
my present Invention so construct pile shoes for wooden piles that the
pointed body and the straps are separate pieces and are not welded
together, but are applied to the pile and affixed thereto separately. In
pile shoes for the ordinary kind of single piles I cast a pyramidal or other
suitably shaped piece having a suitable number of dovetail snugs, slots,
grooves, or fillets upon the sides thereof for the purpose of receiving the
dovetail bevil or bent ends of the straps or tail pieces, so that the cast-iron
point or body of the pile shoe may be secured firmly to the pile. The
straps or tail pieces I prefer to make of wrought iron, although malleable

page_text: cast iron may be employed, and the lower ends may be splayed or bevilled
in their width and dovetailed in their thickness, or they may be formed
dovetail each way, or be bent at a suitable angle to the right or to the left,
and take into the place cast or formed to receive them. For the purpose
of fixing the shoe to the pile, square or round holes are punched through
the straps or tail pieces. Flat bar or channel iron, or iron of I or other
suitable section, may be employed for the straps or tail pieces, and where
it may be more convenient that the lower end of each strap or tail piece
should be plain, the recess cast in the body of the shoe may be made at an
angle, and so hold the straps and point against the lower end of the wooden
pile when fixed thereto. For sheet piling the body or point of the shoe
may be of a long closed V trough-like form, with two or more of the snugs
and straps on the front and back sides only, and without any upon the
ends.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE BEETLING BEAMS OF BEETLING ENGINES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Colin Mather at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th April
1866.
I, COLIN MATHEB, of the Salford Iron Works, Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE BEETLING BEAMS OF BEETLING ENGINES," to be
as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the beetling beams of
beetling engines. Heretofore beetling beams have for the most part been
made of sycamore wood, though other wood has been sometimes used, but not
so advantageously; now in consequence of the increasing demand for sycamore
wood for making these beams it has become very difficult to obtain pieces of
sufficient size and of a quality suitable for the purpose.
My Invention consists in the application of shavings of wood in the building
up and constructing the beams of beetling engines. The shavings are care-
fully arranged in a mould or form, and subjected to great pressure, by
preference hydraulic pressure, by which cylindrical masses hollow in the
centre are produced, which are placed on a metal cylinder which fits on to
the central shaft or axis of the beam. The cylinder having been covered from
from end to end with the pressed masses of shavings, the shavings are again
subjected to pressure so as to press them tightly together. The several parts
of which a beam is composed are retained between two circular plates, the
outer circumference of which form flanges at the ends of the beam.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Sagar, George Keighley,
Joseph Clegg, and Thomas Richmond at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 8th January 1866.
We, THOMAS SAGAR, Machine Maker, GEORGE KEIGHLEY, Machine Maker,
JOSEPH CLEGG, Weaver, and THOMAS RICHMOND, Manufacturer, all of
Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as
follows:-
In looms of the ordinary construction the shed is formed by raising and
lowering healds or heddles. Now, our Invention consists in dispensing
entirely with the healds or heddles, and in lieu thereof forming the shed by
raising and lowering the reed or reeds through which the warp threads are
drawn. The reed or reeds are constructed with an eye or eyes in the dents,
so that when the reed or reeds, in the eyes of which one part of the warp
threads are passed, are raised or lowered by means of a tappet or tappets,
cam or cams, or by the usual treadles or other known means, a portion of the
warp threads are raised or lowered while the others remain the contrary way,
either down or up, to form the shed. The other or latter portions of the
warp threads are actuated by a rod or rods across the warp worked by a
cam or cams, tappet or tappets, or lever or levers, to form the other part of
the shed.
Year: 1866

page_text: and employ an armed wheel or wheels with a pinion gearing into the rack
for the same purpose, or any similar suitable means. When I fit these solid
masses of metal at the sides amidship of vessels I propose to- arrange that
the motive machinery shall be placed within the space between the two sides
so armed as to be thereby completely protected from injury by the enemy's
shot or shell. I propose also to arm forts with solid masses of metal-made or
pierced or provided with guns as herein-before described. I propose in some
cases to build up dovetailed pieces of metal, keying and bolting them together
so as to form solid or nearly solid masses of metal, which will answer the same
purpose as the solid mass or masses herein-before alluded to, and apply or
use these built-up masses in a similar manner to the solid masses.
My Invention consists, secondly, in so constructing the hulls of the vessels
as to give the necessary strength and buoyancy to enable them to carry the
large masses of metal. In order to do this I construct within the hull of the
vessel a number of tubes, which tubes may run side by side parallelly to each
other, and be firmly connected to each other and to the sides and bottom of
bull by angle irons and framing, or may be so built up as to intersect each
other. These tubes I prefer to run longitudinally in the direction from stem
to stern, but may arrange them transversely or diagonally: By framing and
angle irons I so connect the hull of vessel with these tubes so as to form
altogether a strong beam with hollow cells or buoyant compartments.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MEANS OF PROPELLING VESSELS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Neville and William Gorton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
2nd June 1866.
We, THOMAS NEVILLE, of the City and County of the City of Lichfield, and
of Morrey, in the County of Stafford, Surveyor and Civil Engineer, and
WILLIAM GORTON, of Malden, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED MEANS OF
PROPELLING VESSELS," to be as follows:-
Our improvements in propellers while particularly applicable to paddle
wheel steam ships in lieu of the flat board paddle or float now in general use
can also be applied in various other ways to the propulsion of steam ships, and
to canal, river, or other boats.
Our Invention consists of a paddle, the face of which on each or either side
is divided into any number of open acute angular recesses of dimensions
according to the propelling power required. The said angular paddles or floats
during the revolution of the paddle wheels strike the water with much less
concussion than the present flat paddle board or float, in consequence of their
sharp angular edges cutting the water as they enter, and on rising the water
flows easily from them as through a series of spouts. The said propellers can
be fixed to the paddle wheel at any angle required or to work on their own
axis. They can likewise be constructed with fluted, round, or other shaped

page_text: redges instead of sharp edges if desired, and the recesses be of semicircular,
oval, or of other form or shape.
Our improved means for propulsion may also be used as oscillating submerged
propellers, either by themselves or as an auxilliary as follows:-At each enl
of the horizontal working shaft outside of a vessel (and on each side thereof)
a vertical shaft is to pass, to which vertical shaft are to be attached on each
side of the vessel two or more separate open angular propellers or arms, which
being submerged at each side of the vessel make an alternate propelling
oscillating stroke describing the arc of a circle, and which stroke from the
said top or bottom propellers keeps up a continuous propelling motion.
Our propellers may be manufactured of cast or of wrought metal, or of
any other material or substance, and they may be used, mixed alternately with
the present flat paddle board or float if desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES FOR COMMON ROADS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Burrows and Joshua
Burrows at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 1st June 1866.
We, WILLIAM BURROWS, Draughtsman, and JOSHUA BURROWS, Gentleman,
both of Leeds, in the County of York, do bereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES FOR COMMON ROADS,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention is applicable for steam waggons, steam carriages, steam
omnibuses, for conveying passengers or goods. We arrange a vertical boiler
in combination with a horizontal engine fixed thereto and geared with spur
gear to the shaft of the fly wheel, the fly wheel acting as a brake wheel. The
starting and stopping motion is so arranged as to be at the band of the driver
and also the steering motion. This motion is so constructed that we can
arrange it to bo steered from any part of the carriage by means of a chain
wheel fixed on the steering axle, and another wheel fixed at the place desired
and most convenient, the two wheels to be connected by an endless chain
which is under the body of the carriage and transmits the power. The one
chain wheel has a spindle which is carried sufficiently high for the driver to
steer with; on the top a worm wheel is placed, gearing with an endless screw
fixed on the hand-steering wheel which is thereby easily turned. The starting
and stopping action is transmitted immediately from (and the apparatus is
convenient to) the driver's hand by means of a rod or axis and hand wheel.
The body of the carriage is made of wood or iron, in which there are two seats
for passengers these are fixed on a false bottom and rest on spiral steel

page_text: springs, the resiliency of which renders it easy and comfortable to sit on.
Under one of the seats is a water tank, into which the exhaust steam is
admitted, and under the other seat is a box for fuel. The wheels are made
of rolled T-iron with bar-iron spokes and cast-iron naves. The boiler is con-
structed with a conical fire-box and intersected by tubes, and they are so
arranged as to produce a spiral draught, which causes the smoke to be consumed
before any of the gases are allowed to pass out at the chimney, which, more-
over, gives great additional heating surface to the boiler, and which constitutes
a chief feature of our improvements. The steam is not allowed to pass
through the chimney, but is condensed in the water tank under the seat by
being blown through wire gauze on to the surface of the water. Thus
there will be no fire seen, no smoke, and no objectionable noise from the
engine capable of frightening horses, which is also a chief feature of this
Invention.
A CONVERTIBLE PIANO AND MUSIC STOOL
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Millward at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th July
1866. A communication from abroad by Charles Hess, of Cincinnati,
State of Ohio, United States of America.
J, JOHN MILLWARD, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A CONVERTIBLE PIANO AND MUSIC
STOOL," to be as follows:-
One part of this Invention consists in constructing a piano in which the
space beneath the same, unoccupied by the works thereof, is utilized by the
addition of a couch, a bureau, and other conveniences, so arranged as not to
detract from the appearance of the instrument, nor to interfere with its
musical qualities. For this purpose the piano in place of being supported by
legs in the ordinary manner is supported by a frame, which again rests upon
a hollow base; inside such hollow base is placed a couch, which is mounted
upon rollers, and can be drawn out in front of the piano; the front surface
of the couch when slid inside the base forming the front side thereof.
The couch has a hinged headboard and footboard with frames for the support
of a curtain, which are turned down when the couch is inside the base. A
hollow space is formed in the middle of the frame for rendering the pedals
accessible to the performer's feet, and on one side of such space is formed a
closet, having doors opening in front of the piano, and which is designed to
contain the bed clothes. On the other side of the space is formed, firstly, a
bureau with drawers, and, secondly, another closet for containing a wash-band

page_text: basin, jug, towels, and other articles of toilet. The bureau and second closet
are made to open at the end of the frame, the front surface of that part of the
latter being formed with false doors to correspond in appearance with the
doors of the before-mentioned closet on the other side of the space. The
upper part of the piano, the framework upon which it stands, and the base,
may be so connected as to be readily taken apart from each other for the
convenience of transport.
Another part of this Invention consists in constructing a music stool
which is so arranged that in addition it contains a work-box, a looking-glass,
a writing desk or table, and a small set of drawers. For this purpose the
stool is composed of a rectangular frame, through the top of which the screw
carrying the seat passes. This seat is formed hollow, the scat itself being in
the form of a lid hinged to the hollow part, which is arranged as a work-
box, while the under surface of the lid is provided with a looking-glass. The
one side surface of the upper part of the frame is hinged at top, so that it can
be raised to a sloping or horizontal position, so as to serve as a table or desk,
a sliding bar or bars being attached to its lower end, whereby it is kept in
this position when required. The space in the frame behind such hinged side
serves to contain writing materials. In the frame below this space are
arranged a set of small drawers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS AND FIRE ENGINES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hyde Bateman at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th June 1866.
I, HYDE BATEMAN, of Barnes, in the County of Surrey, Surveyor, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS AND
FIRE ENGINES," to be as follows:-
The pump which forms the subject of the present Invention consists of two
dish-shaped circular parts, which are connected together by their flanges so
as to form a water chamber, through which passes transversely a horizontal
rocking shaft to which is adapted the working piston or pistons of the pump.
The water chamber is divided into two parts by two sets of valve boxes which
extend from the central shaft to the inner periphery of the water chamber.
Each of these valve boxes is divided into two chambers, to one of which are
adapted two inlet valves, and to the other two outlet valves. The piston
consists simply of a flat metal plate made to fit the internal diameter of the
pump, and is fitted in a slot cut through the central shaft of the pump; the
edge of this piston is provided with a proper hempen or other packing, so as
to cause it to work water-tight in the cylinder as is usual with all pumps. It
has been stated that the water chamber is divided by the valve boxes into two
parts, and these two divisions are subdivided by the reciprocating piston,
which extends from side to side of the cylinder through the central shaft. It
will now be understood that as the central shaft rocks in its bearings the
piston will vibrate on its centre of motion, and in so doing will force forward

page_text: the water in two of the subdivisions of the water chamber and cause it to pass
through two of the exit valves; at the same time water will rush into the two
other compartments of the water chamber behind the advancing piston and
will fill the same; on the return stroke of the piston the water will be forced
out of these second subdivisions through the other two exit valves, water
through the supply valves at the same time rushing into the first two sub-
divisions of the water chamber in order to refill the same. By thus causing
the piston to vibrate in the water chamber by means of a handle outside a
continuous stream of water may be kept up as the pump is double-acting, and
may be provided with an air vessel in the ordinary way.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LEATHER STRAPS OR DRIVING: BANDS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael John Haines at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
September 1866.
J, MICHAEL JOHN HAINES, of the City of Bristol, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LEATHER STRAPS OR DRIVING:
BANDS," to be as follows:-
In joining or connecting the several pieces of leather necessary to produce
tho requisite length for driving straps or bands by any of the modes hitherto
adopted certain serious defects which materially deteriorato from the strength
and efficacy of the straps or bands have always attended such articles so
manufactured. By means of the present Invention these evils are avoided in
a simple and efficient manner. The respective ends of the pieces of leather.
which it is desired to unite are cut with tongues and corresponding recesses of
a deep vandyke or V form, the number of tongues and recesses being determined
by the width of the leather. The respective tongues and recesses are so
proportioned that they will fit accurately into each other, the surfaces of the
leather when thus connected being perfectly smooth and level. The several
edges of the tongues and recesses are then secured to each other by sewing the
same together with a thread or threads of any suitable material, the stitches
being made in the thickness of the leather, and not passing through from one
side thereof to the other. A slight channel is cut parallel to the edges of the

page_text: respective tongues and recesses to receive the stitches in order that the thread
or threads employed may not project above the surface of the strap or band.
In the manufacture of single straps or bands, that is, those formed of one
thickness of leather only, the several parts are by preference sewed on the
outer or bair side of the leather, but in double straps or bands the parts
forming the band, which constitutes the outer portion thereof, may be sewed
on the under or flesh side of the leather, whilst the band which forms the
inner portion, or that part which is to be subject to the friction of the machinery,
may be sewed on the hair side, the latter being placed next the flesh side of
the outer band. The two bands are connected by means of seams of the
ordinary character, in which the stitches pass through the whole thickness of
the leather from one side to the other. Care should of course be taken that
the joinings of the respective bands do not come in close proximity to each
other.
The driving straps or bands thus manufactured in accordance with this
Invention are of great strength, and also possess the important quality of
being perfectly equal in thickness throughout their entire length, thus avoiding
the objections which apply to leather driving straps or bands connected by any
of the methods previously in use.