IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-PLACE HEATERS AND STOVES
Year: 1877

page_text: '
LETTERS PATENT to William Morgan-Brown, of the Firm of Brandon and
Morgan-Brown, Engineers and Patent Agents, of 38, Southampton Buildings,
London, and 13, Rue Gaillon, Paris, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FIRE-PLACE HEATERS AND STOVES." A communication from abroad by Jacob
Kneight Dimmick, Frederick Adolphus Stine, and Benjamin Butterworth,
all of Cincinnati, Hamilton County, State of Ohio, United States of America.
Sealed the Sth September 1877, and dated the 28th March 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Morgan-Brown at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th March 1877.
WILLIAM MORGAN-BROWN, of the Firm of Brandon and Morgan-Brown, Engineers
and Patent Agents, of 38, Southampton Buildings, London, and 13, Rue Gaillon,
Paris. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-PLACE HEATERS AND STOVES." A communication
from abroad by Jacob Kneight Dimmick, Frederick Adolphus Stine, and Benjamin
Butterworth, all of Cincinnati, Hamilton County, State of Ohio, United States of
America.
This Invention of improvements in fire-place heaters and stoves relates to that
class of heating apparatus which utilize the waste heat of grate fire to warm other
compartments of a house, or to assist in heating the room in which the fire-place or
stove is located.
The Invention consists,-
First. Of an open fire-place heater or stove whose fire-back and back of fire-
chamber, that is, the back of the fuel space and the back of the space between the
fuel or grate and the top of the fire-front is made up of a series of vertical pipes
adapted to receive cold air and discharge the same in a heated condition to an
apartment or apartments to be heated, the object of the Invention being to make
the entire rear surface between the bottom of the fire-grate or basket and the top or
crown of the fire-place or stove a surface of divided air conductors not liable to
fracture in use under varying temperatures, and having by reason of their tubular
form a great extent of surface for the absorption of heat.
Second. In connection with these pipes, constituting the back of the grate and
fire-chamber, of a chamber on top of the fire-place which serves to collect the air

page_text: discharged from the vertical pipes for discharge into the hot air conducting tube,
and also serves as the roof of the fire-place and as a means of forming a reverberating
fire-chamber under the same, which facilitates perfect combustion and the greatest
possible radiation of heat into the room.
Third. In giving to the upper ends of the vertical heating pipes, which form the 5
back of the grate and fire-chamber, a curved form arching over the fire before they
connect with the hot air chamber, to enable them to take up heat much more
rapidly than when made straight the full length, and rendering them more capable
of standing variable temperatures without fracture, the curvature inducing flexibility
and permitting one pipe to expand more than the others without damage to them- 1
selves, the air chambers, or to the connecting devices.
Fourth. In a certain construction and arrangement of the grate basket, the pipes
at the back and hot air chamber on top, by which the front line of the hot air
chamber is made to project over the outer line of the grate basket, or at least over
this line at the sides of the fire-place, for the purpose in addition to giving a great 1
amount of surface for heating air, of creating a strong draft at the top of the fire-
place to carry up ashes raked from the grate.
Fifth. In connection with the vertical pipes forming the back of the fuel space
and combustion chamber of pipes at the sides of the fire-place or stove, which
perform the same function as the back pipes, and thus increase the amount of air
heating surface and the additional function of supports for the hot air chamber,
and stays to resist the strain of the rods which connect the pipes and chambers
together.
Sixth. In making the heating pipes D shaped in cross section, with the curved
side towards the fire, for the purpose of exposing the greatest possible amount of
heating surface to the fuel and heat rays with a given area of pipe, and to give a
flat back to the pipes to face the back wall of the fire-place.
Seventh. In forming upon the interior of the heating pipes inward projections or
flanges, which take up heat and transmit it to the centre of the air column
ascending each of said pipes.
Eighth. In forming upon the back of the heating pipes, whether they are
made D shaped in cross section or otherwise, flanges which while they separate the
pipes to permit the free exposure of the sides thereof to the fire, as a simple
separation without flanges also does, they in addition also produce a closed back
to the series of pipes, and thus keep the back clean by preventing the entrance
of ashes and dirt to the rear side of the pipes, the closed back also forcing all
the gases to ascend within the fire-chamber and escape in front of the hot air
chamber.
Ninth. In the provision in connection with the hot air chamber of an adjustable
detachable damper at the front thereof to adjust the depth of the smoke throat and
admit of the admission of a wider or narrow damper.
Tenth. In the provision of side jambs for the fire-place, fitted with appliances,
whereby they may be adjusted to conform to various widths of fire-fronts.
Eleventh. In making the vertical pipes and and cold and hot air chambers in
separate parts, and joining the same together by flanges in sockets and long binding
rods which permit unequal expansion and contraction of the parts, or in other words
flexibility in use, the flanges also serving to protect the joints of the pipes from the
direct rays of heat.
Twelfth. In the provision of double flanges on top of the hot air chamber to
receive the thin air for carrying off the hot air and making a receptacle for
cement to seal the joint.
Thirteenth. In the provision on the hot air and cold air chambers of projecting
lugs to receive and secure the fire-front.
Fourteenth. In combining with a fire-chamber having a back, or back and sides
formed by a series of air heating pipes of an exterior shell or case, which will permit
the fire-place heater to be located within the room away from the walls thereof, and
act as a stove with an open fire-front, and at the same time also heat, if desired,

page_text: other compartments beside the room in which it is located the same as if in the
fire-place.
Fifteenth. In the general combination of the principal parts constituting the
preferred construction of air heating apparatus of a fire-place or stove, to wit, a cold
air receiver below the grate bars, a series of vertical heating pipes straight or partly
curved and extending from the bottom of the grate basket or hearth to the roof of
the fire-place, and a hot air receiver to collect the air from all the pipes and to form
the roof of the fire-place.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Morgan-Brown in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 19th
September 1877.
WILLIAM MORGAN-BROWN, of the Firm of Brandon and Morgan-Brown, Engineers
and Patent Agents, of 38, Southampton Buildings, London, and 13, Ruo Gaillon,
Paris. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-PLACE HEATERS AND STOVES." (A communication
from abroad by Jacob Kneight Dimmick, Frederick Adolphus Stine, and Benjamin
Butterworth, all of Cincinnati, Hamilton County, State of Ohio, United States of
America.)
This Invention of improvements in fire-place heaters and stoves relates to that
class of heating apparatus which utilize the wasto heat of a grate firo to warn
other compartments of a house, or to assist in heating the room in which the fire-
place or stove is located.
The Invention consists,―
First. Of an open fire-place heater or stove whose fire-back and back of fire-
chamber, that is, the back of the fuel space and the back of the space between tho
fuel or grate and the top of the fire-front is made up of a series of vertical pipes
adapted to receive cold air and discharge the same in a heated condition to an
apartment or apartinents to be heated, the object of the Invention being to
make the entire rear surface between the bottom of the fire-grate or basket,
and the top or crown of the fire-place or stove, a surface of divided air con-
ductors not liable to fracture in use under varying temperatures, and having by
reason of their tubular form a great extent of surface for the absorption of heat.
Second. In connection with these pipes constituting the back of the grate and
fire-chamber of a chamber on top of the fire-place which serves to collect the air
discharged from the vertical pipes for discharge into the hot-air conducting tube,
and also serves as the roof of the fire-place, and as a means of forming a rever-
berating fire-chamber under the same, which facilitates perfect combustion and the
greatest possible radiation of heat into the room.
Third. In giving to the upper ends of the vertical heating pipes which form the
back of the grate and fire-chamber a curved form arching over the fire before they
connect with the hot-air chamber, to enable them to take up heat much more rapidly
than when made straight the full length, and rendering them more capable of
standing variable temperatures without fracture, the curvature inducing flexibility
and permitting one pipe to expand more than the others without damage to them-
selves, the air chambers, or to the connecting devices.
Fourth. In a certain construction and arrangement of the grate basket the pipes
at the back, and hot air chamber on top, by which the front line of the hot-air
chamber is made to project over the outer line of the grate basket, or at least over
this line at the sides of the fire-place for the purpose, in addition to giving a great
amount of surface for heating air, of creating a strong draft at the top of the fire-
place to carry up ashes raked from the grate.
Fifth. In connection with the vertical pipes forming the back of the fuel space

page_text: and combustion chamber of pipes at the sides of the fire-place or stove which per-
form the same function as the back pipes, and thus increase the amount of air-
heating surface, and the additional function of supports for the hot-air chamber
and stays to resist the strain of the rods which connect the pipes and chambers
together.
Sixth. In making the heating pipes D shaped in cross section with the curved
side towards the fire for the purpose of exposing the greatest possible amount of
heating surface to the fuel and heat rays, with a given area of pipe, and to give a
flat back to the pipes to face the back wall of the fire-place.
Seventh. In forming upon the interior of the heating pipes inward projections or
flanges which take up heat and transmit it to the centre of the air column ascending
each of said pipes.
Eighth. In forming upon the back of the heating pipes, whether they are made
D shaped in cross section or otherwise, flanges which, while they separate the pipes
to permit the free exposure of the sides thereof to the fire as a simple separation
without flanges also does, they in addition also produce a closed back to the
series of pipes, and thus keep the back clean by preventing the entrance of ashes
and dirt to the rear side of the pipes, the closed back also forcing all the
gases to ascend within the fire-chamber and escape in front of the hot air
chamber.
Ninth. In the provision in connection with the hot-air chamber of an adjustable
detachable damper at the front thereof to adjust the depth of the smoke throat and
admit of the admission of a wider or narrower damper.
Tenth. In the provision of side jambs for the fire-place fitted with appliances
whereby they may be adjusted to conform to various widths of fire-fronts.
Eleventh. In making the vertical pipes and cold and hot-air chambers in separate
parts, and joining the same together by flanges in sockets and long binding rods,
which permit unequal expansion and contraction of the parts, or in other words,
flexibility in use, the flanges also serving to protect the joints of the pipes from the
direct rays of heat.
Twelfth. In the provision of double flanges on top of the hot-air chamber to
receive the thin air tube for carrying off the hot air, and making a receptacle for
cement to seal the joint.
Thirteenth. In the provision on the hot air and cold-air chambers of projecting
lugs to receive and secure the fire-front.
Fourteenth. In combining with a fire-chamber having a back, or back and sides,
formed by a series of air-heating pipes of an exterior shell or case which will permit
the fire-place heater to be located within the room, away from the walls thereof, and
act as a stove with an open fire-front, and at the same time also heat, if desired,
other compartments beside the room in which it is located, the same as if in the
fire-place.
Fifteenth. In the general combination of the principal parts constituting the pre-
ferred construction of air-heating apparatus of a fire-place or stove, to wit, a cold-
air receiver below the grate bars, a series of vertical heating pipes, straight or
partly curved, and extending from the bottom of the grate basket or hearth to the
roof of the fire-place, and a hot-air receiver to collect the air from all the pipes, and
to form the roof of the fire-place.
In the accompanying Drawings, forming part of this Specification, Figure 1
is a vertical section of an open fire-place embracing the principal features of the
Invention.
Figure 2 is a perspective view of a portion of the hot-air chamber and the adjust-
able detachable damper in front thereof; Figure 3 is a front view of the air-heating
apparatus of Figure 1; Figure 4 is a perspective view showing the manner of
attaching the side plates or jambs of the fire-place adjustably to the side pipes;
Figure 5 is a cross sectional plan of Figure 3 on line x, x.
Figures 6 and 7 represent a vertical section and front view of the heating

page_text: Figure 8 shows in vertical section the improvements applied to a stove, and
Figure 9 is a vertical section of the same on line y, y.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION.
One part of the Invention lies in the construction of the fire back itself, and it
consists of a series of pipes A extending from the bottom of the grate basket or
hearth to the roof of the combustion chamber, and forming therefore not only a back
adapted to receive heat by radiation from the surface of the fuel, but heat com-
municated by direct contact with the fuel. So far as this improvement is concerned
the pipes may be curved to arch over the fire at the top, or may be straight,
and the air may be conducted to them and collected from them in any preferred
way.
The fire-place, however, when embracing all these improvements, is constructed as
follows:-The lower ends of the pipes A rest on a chamber A² common to all, which
receives cold air from supply pipe C, and divides the same among the several
pipes A, to be heated by the exposure of the latter to the fire, and in order to make
a close joint between the lower end of the pipes A and this chamber, and, to protect
the same from the direct heat, flanges a, are formed on the ends of the pipes and
sockets to match in the top of chamber A'. The flanges drop into these sockets b,
and are cemented therein, the horizontal joint being thereby protected and adapted
for long service without repairs. D is the chamber which receives the heated air
from the pipes A, and of itself acts as a crown or roof to the fire-place, and as a
heater for the further heating of the air received within it. The upper end of
pipes A are provided with flanges a like the bottom ends, and sockets bare formed
in the bottom of the chamber D for the reception of said flanges, for obtaining the
same advantage as is obtained by the flanges and sockets at the lower end. To aid
in the effective operation of the vertical pipes A they are cast with curved upper
ends, as shown, so that in position they arch over the fire, and therefore take up
heat much more rapidly than if made straight all the way up; and to enable them
to expose a great amount of surface to the fire the pipes A are separated horizontally,
and they are made D shaped in cross section, with the curved portion towards the
fire, as shown. And in some cases, in order to keep the gases or ashes from going
behind the pipes, the pipes are provided with vertical ribs or flanges c, which serve
to close up the space between the pipes at the back and give a sinooth continuous
surface to the back of the heater. To further assist in the heating of the air which
ascends pipes A ribs or pins d are sometimes projected into thein from the front to
the centre, as shown in Figure 5.
The hot-air chamber D extends so far over the fire as that it forms a capacious
reverberating chamber below it, for the complete combustion of the gases and the
copious radiation of heat into the room. Its front edge, at the sides at least, as
shown, is in front of the grate basket, so that a strong draft in the spaces at the
sides of the fire-place, outside of the grate basket and still under cover of the hot-
air chamber is created, which suffices to carry into the chimney any ashes that may
be raked from the fuel. At the sides of the hot-air chamber D ears are provided, e,
with recesses for the reception of the circular trunnions of a damper E. By
turning down this damper to the horizontal position the depth of the fire-place is
increased and the draft lessened, while a greater amount of heat is thrown into the
room. To start the fire, or for other reasons, it may be thrown back on its bearings,
so as to rest against the top of the receiver D, and thus give a free draft. F is the
pipe which conveys the hot air either to discharging registers in the room in which
the fire is located, so as to assist in heating the same, or to other rooms through
registers G; this pipe may be carried up inside of the fire-place, as shown. Its
lower end fits between two annular flanges g, g', on the top of the receiver D, and

page_text: by the provision of the annular channel between these flanges the pipe is not only
socketed properly, but a sealing chamber is afforded into which cement may be poured
to make a joint. H, H¹, represent pipes at the side of the fire-place which act as air
heaters, same as the pipes A, and also act as stays between the top and bottom
receivers A², with which they communicate in the same way as pipes A; they act
as stays for the binding rods I, which pass through them, and serve to secure all the
pipes A, H, H, and receivers A¹, D, together.
The length of the rods, and their general adaptability for accomodating them-
selves to varying conditions of the heater, gives a great degree of flexibility to the
heater as a whole, and enables it to stand varying temperatures without fracture.
J, J, are the jambs of the fire-place; they are secured by bolts h in slots i of the
side pipes H, H¹, so that their width apart can be varied and made to correspond
with various widths of the fire-front K. This feature is intended to enable us to
attach the same heater to fire-places varying in the width of the fire-front K. When
these improvements, or any part thereof, are applied to a stove, a shell L is con-
structed, as shown, in which to place the parts of the heater, the pipe M carrying
off the smoke and gases and the pipe F the hot air; this enables the heater to
be placed in the interior of the room, so as to radiate in every direction, while
retaining the benefits of an open cheerful fire-place, and the utilization of the wasto
heat for warming other rooms or assisting to heat the same room by the discharge of
heated air therein. Lugs N are provided on the hot and cold air receivers to secure
the fire front K.
Having now described and particularly set forth the nature of the said Invention
and the manner of carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood that
what I claim is,―
First. In combination with the fire-grate, the series of heating pipes A. extending
from the grate bars which sustain the fuel to the crown of the fire chamber, sub-
stantially as described.
Second. The combination of pipes A, as described, with the hot-air chamber D, as
and for the purpose specified.
Third. The pipes A, when curved at the upper end to arch over the fire, and
united at the upper ends to a hot-air chainber D, us and for the purpose specified.
Fourth. In combination with the grate basket B, the pipes A, and hot-air
receiver D, when the latter extends in front, so as to project over the sides of the
grate basket, as described.
Fifth. The combination of pipes A and stay side pipes H, H³, substantially as
described.
Sixth. The pipes A when made D shaped in cross section, substantially as and for
the purpose specified.
Seventh. The pipes A, when provided with interior projections d, substantially as
and for the purpose specified.
Eighth. The pipes A, when provided with flanges c, substantially as and for the
purpose specified.
Ninth. In combination with the hot-air chamber D, the detachable and adjustable
damper E.
Tenth. The adjustable side jambs J, J¹, in combination with the heating
pipes A, H, H, and fire front K, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
Eleventh. In combination with the pipes A and receivers A, D, the flanges a,
socket b, and binding rods I, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
Twelfth. The double flanges g, g¹, in combination with pipe F, substantially as
and for the purpose specified.
Thirteenth. In combination with the hot air and cold-air receivers A¹, D, and fire
front K, the lugs N, to secure the latter, substantially as and for the purpose
specified.
Fourteenth. In combination with the pipes A and hot-air receiver D, the shell or
case L, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

page_text: Fifteenth. The combination of receiver A¹, vertical heating pipes A extending
from the grate bottom or hearth to the roof of the fire-place, and the hot-air
receiver D, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Morgan-Brown, have hereunto set my
hand and scal, this Nineteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
WILLIAM MORGAN-BROWN. (L.S.)