APPLYING AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE ANIMAL ALBUMEN HITHERTO OBTAINED FROM BIRDS EGGS OR BLOOD. CERTAIN PARTS OF REPTILES, FISH, MOLLUSCA. AND ARTICULATED OR RADIATED ANIMALS
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George White, of 34, Dowgate Hill, Cannon Street,
in the City of London, for the Invention of "APPLYING AS A SUBSTITUTE
FOR THE ANIMAL ALBUMEN HITHERTO OBTAINED FROM BIRDS EGGS OR BLOOD.
CERTAIN PARTS OF REPTILES, FISH, MOLLUSCA. AND ARTICULATED OR RADIATED
ANIMALS."A communication from abroad by Mr. Johann Georg
Leuchs, of Nurnberg, Bavaria.
Sealed the 12th September 1860, and dated the 16th March 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George White at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
March 1860.
I, GEORGE WHITE, of 34, Dowgate Hill, Cannon Street, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "APPLYING
AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE ANIMAL ALBUMEN HITHERTO OBTAINED FROM BIRDS' EGGS
OR BLOOD, CERTAIN PARTS OF REPTILES, FISH, MOLLUSCA, AND ARTICULATED OR
RADIATED ANIMALS," it has been communicated to me from abroad by Mr.
Johann Georg Leuchs, of Nurnberg, Bavaria, to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in making use as a substitute for the animal albumen
hitherto obtained from birds' eggs, or from blood of the albumen contained in
the roes or spawns, or other similar parts of fish or other cold-blooded animals
living in salt or fresh water, and in applying the albumen thus obtained to
any purposes for which the one hitherto from birds' eggs or from blood was
Priced

page_text: employed, such, for instance, as calico printing, clarifying of liquids for
culinary purposes, and other similar objects. I obtain my albumen from
the roes or spawns of fish or amphibious animals, the bodies of certain
gelatinous animals, such as the medusa, physalia, parpita, valella, rizoston,
aurellia, and other analogous species.
The albumen from the said spawns or bodies may be obtained by removing
previously the adhering membraneous parts therefrom, and then submitting
the said spawns or bodies to any suitable crushing, cutting, and pressing
operations, by which th albuminous are pressed out, which may then be
evaporated to any required consistency or dryness.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George White in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
15th September 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
WHITE, of 34, Dowgate Hill, Cannon Street, in the City of London, send
greeting.
.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said George White, Her special licence that 1, the said George White,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said George White, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"APPLYING AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE ANIMAL ALBUMEN HITHERTO OBTAINED FROM
BIRDS EGGS OR BLOOD, CERTAIN PARTS OF REPTILES, FISH, MOLLUSCA,
ARTICULATED OR RADIATED ANIMALS," has been communicated to me from
abroad by Mr. Johann Georg Leuchs, of Nurnberg, Bavaria, upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said George White, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under , or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office

page_text: within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George White, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
The object of the Invention is to provide a substitute for the animal
albumen hitherto obtained from birds' eggs or blood, which substitute may
be procured in great abundance, particularly near the sea shore, so as to be
had at a much lower price than the albumen from birds' eggs or blood
hitherto solely made use of for industrial, culinary, or other purposes.
The Invention consists in employing for these purposes the animal albumen
contained in the roes, spawns, eggs, or other albuminous parts of fish, frogs,"
or other cold blooded or amphibious salt or fresh water animals; thus, for
instance, I make use of the roes, spawns, or eggs of all sorts of fish, frogs,
or reptiles, the albuminous parts of the bodies of the animals called by.
naturalists medusa, physalia, parpita, velella, rizostom, aurellia, cyanea,.
solen, cardium, or other analogous species, which albumen. has hitherto'
generally been lost, or at least not procured for the purposes above mentioned.
For obtaining the albumen from the said roes, spawns, eggs, or other
albuminous parts of the above-mentioned animals, the bloody, fleshy, or
cuticular parts adhering thereto are cleared away therefrom, and the remainder
is either triturated and crushed till a sort of albuminous pap or pulp is
obtained, from which the albumen is then pressed or strained out; or the said
roes, spawns, eggs, or other albuminous parts, after having been properly
cleaned from the bloody, fleshy, or cuticular parts, may at once be submitted
to a suitable pressure or straining, so as to separate therefrom the albumen
contained therein; or a small quantity of water, or other suitable menstrum
may be added, in order that the albumen may easier be pressed or strained
out. The albuminous liquid thus strained or pressed out is then left to stand
for some time; after which the supernatent, clear, or liquid part is drawn off
from the sediment. The albumen thus obtained may then be made use of in
that state, or the same may be evaporated partly, or entirely brought to
dryness; and as this albumen does not differ essentially in its composition from
that hitherto obtained from birds' eggs or blood, the same may serve for any
industrial, culinary, or other purposes for which this latter was hitherto
employed, such, for instance, as printing, dyeing, or imparting a glossy
surface to fibrous materials, yarns, or fabrics for paper-making, for making
pastry,or for other culinary purposes, for fining or clarifying wines,saccharine,

page_text: or other suitable solutions or liquids; and as this Invention permits of
providing animal albumen at a cost much inferior to the present price, the
consequence will be to extend its use to purposes for which its present
high price made it too expensive. The animal albumen obtained by this
Invention may, like that obtained from birds' eggs or blood, be treated or
mixed with any substances with which the latter description of albumen is
sometimes treated or mixed.
Having thus described the nature of the Invention, and the manner for
putting the same into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that I do not
confine or restrict myself to the precise details described, as many variations
may be made therefrom without deviating from the main features of the
Invention; but what I consider to be novel and original, and therefore
claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent is, applying for industrial, culinary, or other purposes, as a
substitute for the animal albumen hitherto obtained from birds' eggs or
blood, the animal albumen extracted from the roes, spawns, eggs, or other
albuminous parts of fish, frogs, reptiles, mollusca, or other suitable cold-
blooded or amphibious articulated or radiated animals.
In witness whereof, I, the said George White, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
Witness,
T. A. CLAEYS.
GEO. WHITE. (L.S.)