IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES
Year: 1839

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
CHESTERMAN, of Burford, in the County of Oxford, Civil Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Twelfth day of November, in the third year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Chesterman, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, Her especial licence,
full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said William Chester-
man, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William
Chesterman, my exors, adñiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend
my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES" within England, Wales, and the
Town of Berwick upon Tweed; in which said Letters Patent is contained
a proviso obliging me, the said William Chesterman, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
and to cause the same to be enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in
part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto
had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Chesterman, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference being
had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon (that is to say):-
Figure 1 is an elevation of a cylindrical stove with a square base and top;
Figure 2 is a horizontal section of the same stove on the line A, B, (Figure 1);
Figure 3 is a vertical section on the line E, F, (Figure 2); Figure 4 is a
vertical section on the line G, H, (Figure 2); Figure 5 is a horizontal section
on the line C, D, (Figure 1); in all of which Figures the same letter of
reference marks the same part of the apparatus. a denotes the base or ash-
pit; b, the door of the ash-pit; c, the cylindrical case or body resting by a sand
joint on a, in the usual way; d, the fire box, lined with fire-clay bricks or
otherwise, having a grate or set of fire bars attached thereto in the ordinary
mode, or moveable, as may be deemed desirable. Close to the top and on oppo-
site sides are two sockets L and M, cast on or fitted air-tight to the fire box d,
one of which receives the mouth-piece e, e, and the other the flue pipe ff. The
fire box d is perfectly closed at its upper end and at its sides, except where the
sockets before mentioned branch thereout, and its lower end is attached to
the top of a, and rendered air-tight by means of sand or cement in the usual
way. e, e, is the mouth-piece for the admission of fuel to the fire box d, the
outer door of which is closed in the ordinary mode. This mouth-piece fits closely
against the side of the cylinder or body c, and into one of the sockets attached
to the fire box d, as before mentioned. This part is shown in section detached
from the fire box d, in Figure 11. f,f, is the flue pipe, fitting closely against
the other side of the cylinder c, and into the other socket on the opposite side
of the fire box d; g is a rim projecting from the inside of the cylinder c, and
fixed thereto; h is a guard plate fitting into the rim g, and covered with
sand to the depth of about an inch; i is a vessel or water box, of cylindrical
form, having a rim j, which dips into the sand covering h; the vessel i
passes through the plate h, as shown in the Drawing. is another vessel, of
quadrangular form, cast in one piece with the vessel i, or fitted thereto, so as
to be water-tight. The vessel k rests on the upper edge of the cylinder c. lis
the top or cover, resting on k, and fitting thereto by a water joint, which joint
is kept constantly supplied by the condensation of vapour arising from water
in k; m is a ventilator in the cover l, for allowing steam to escape as may be
required into the room from the water contained in the vessel k; n is a rim

page_text: projecting from the bottom of the vessel k, immediately over and corresponding
with the vessel or water box i; o, in Figure 4, is a small hole in the rim 2,
about one-eighth of an inch in diameter, to allow the water to pass from the
vessel k into the water box i, to supply the loss by evaporation; p is an
inverted cup, which works into the water box i in the manner of a gasometer
or gasholder; q is a lever or beam, moving freely on its centre, supported by r.
which is fixed on k; one end of q is attached to the centre of the convex top
of P, and the other end to the top of a wire s, supporting the horizontal disc t
over the aperture u, through which the external air is admitted into the part a
to supply the fire. The rod s passes freely through a hole in the end of q, and
is prevented passing through it by a nut at the end, resting on the upper side
of q. w is a tube projecting from the bottom of k to the same height as the
rim n, in order to allow the rod s to pass freely through the bottom of k, and
yet prevent the water from running out, as it would do if there were only a
simple hole. In the position of the apparatus in the Drawing, the inverted
cup p (being rather heavier than the rod and disc attached to the other end
of q) descends in the water box i, and lifts the disc to its greatest height from
the aperture u. The vessel k and box i being filled with water nearly to the top
of the rim n, as shewn by the blue dotted line on the Drawing, and a fire being
made in d, the water in i will be first heated, and steam will gradually form
ini, and rising into the cup p, will raise p, and allow s, at the other end of q,
to fall and diminish the draft into u, and when the water has attained the
temperature of two hundred and twelve degrees, will perfectly close u, when
the apparatus will assume the position marked by dotted lines in Figure 4.
It is necessary to have a small hole in the top of p, to allow the internal air to
escape, so that it may sink into and be filled with the water in the vessel i.
As soon as the temperature of the stove and of the water in i falls, for want of
a supply of air to the fire, the cup p will fall, and by acting on q, raise the
disc t gradually, until the supply of air is such as to maintain the stove at the
uniform temperature required. Figure 6 shews another method of making the
water box or vessel i, having an additional rim n 2. The cup p dipping into
the water contained between the two rims n and n 2, which is supplied from
the vessel through the hole o, would act with less water in the water box i,
which in certain cases may be thought desirable. Figure 7 exhibits another
form of the apparatus, in which the fire box d is encircled with water, excepting
at the bottom, and where the mouth-piece and flue pipe join it; all fittings
below the blue water line must therefore be made water-tight. In order to
bring the water nearer to the fire, and thereby render the action of p more

page_text: sensitive, a bent pipe or pipes, as represented in Figure 8, may be inserted
into the water box i, the vertical part of the pipe descending between the fire
box and the external cylinder. Another variation of this part is to insert a
straight pipe or pipes in the bottom of i, as in Figure 9, and place the box i
out of the centre so far as to bring the said pipe or pipes into the vacant space
between the fire box and the cylinder. Another plan which I consider to
answer the purpose still more completely is represented in Figure 10, and
consists of a pipe coiled round the fire box, the two ends of which are inserted
in the box . This pipe may be carried from the stove round an apartment
or elsewhere before it be made to return into the box i, and the water
circulating therein will considerably increase the effect of the stove in distri-
buting its heat. Figure 11 is a sectional view of the mouth-piece e detached
from the fire box; the door in front being opened shows a cylindrical tube,
having its inner extremity bevelled off, and closed by the plate v, hinged at top,
and shutting by its own weight. To supply the fuel and still keep this tube
closed, a scoop, Figure 12. is contrived, with which the fuel is put into the
door or mouth-piece, until the rim or flange y fits against the face of the
mouth-piece, when the rod passing through the handle projects the fuel out
of the scoop into the fire box d, the valve or plate v yielding to admit it, and
closing again on withdrawing the rod. Figure 13 is a variation of a stove
when applied for the purposes of cooking. It is a vertical section, in which
1 is the ash-pit; 2, the ash-pit door; 3, the grate; 4, 4, the boiler or vessel
for containing water, the cylindrical opening through the centre of which,
when lined with fire clay or brick, forms the fire box. The upper part of
the boiler may be made of larger dimensions than the body of the stove,
if it be thought desirable, in order to suit the purposes for which it is in-
tended, and on its top and sides may be fitted the various vessels required
for steaming and other cooking operations. 5 is the flue pipe; 6 is the
oven, having a flange or rim on its upper edge fitting into the sand joint 8,
which sand joint is fitted to the inside of the cylindrical opening in the boiler,
and near to the top. 9 is the cover to the oven, fitting to it in the usual
way. When the oven is not in use it may be removed, and a cover 10 fitted
in its place into the sand joint 8. The fuel is supplied through the cylindrical
opening before mentioned on removing the oven or the cover 10, as the case
may be.
I do not confine myself to any particular mode of communicating the motion
so produced in the cup p, to the closing or opening the passage for admitting
air to the fire, nor to any particular situation of the water box in relation to

page_text: the fire, provided that the heat can act upon it with a similar effect to that
herein described; neither do I confine myself to any particular construction of
stoves, so long as they are suitably arranged for receiving my said apparatus.
There is no particular form absolutely necessary for my apparatus, but I prefer
a cylindrical shape for the box i and cup p. And I may remark thatt ho
cup p would be acted upon by the vapour in a similar manner as before
described, if it worked into a plain vessel i of one diameter, without any
ledge or recess at x, but I consider that this ledge or recess causes the
cup p to work with greater steadiness. Neither the vessel k nor the rim n
are essentially necessary to the working of the apparatus, but I consider them
to be of great utility, as forming a condenser or receptacle for the vapour
which may arise from i, and also a reservoir for supplying that vessel with
water.
I therefore claim as my Invention the above-described combination for
regulating the admission of air into a stove.
I also claim as my Invention the described method of closing the fire box
by means of the sockets L and M, Figure 3, and thereby preventing its com-
municating with the surrounding space marked E of the stove, whereby I
prevent the gas produced by the combustion of the fuel from escaping into
that space where in other stoves it has been found to accumulate and explode.
I also claim as my Invention the described method of making the mouth-
piece e, e, whereby I prevent the escape of gas from the fire box on opening
the outer door.
I also claim the mode of supplying the fuel to the stove, as shown in
Figure 12.
And I also claim the cooking stove or mode of applying the boiler and the
oven, as above described.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Eighth
day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
forty

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Eighth day of May, in the
year of our Lord 1840, the aforesaid William Chesterman came before our
said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and everything therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Talled Tth dow of Neve in the room of Land One thousand