CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING WOOL, FLAX, COTTON, SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1838

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
GARNETT, of Haslingden, in the County of Lancaster, Dyer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Nineteenth day of June, in the first year of Her reign,.
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Garnett, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said William Garnett, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, and such others as I, the said William Garnett, my executors,,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
other, from time to time and at all times during the term of
years.
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, an Invention
communicated to me by a Foreigner residing abroad, of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING WOOL, FLAX, COTTON, SILK, AND OTHER
FIBROUS MATERIALS;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso.
that I, the said William Garnett, shall cause a particular description of
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part,
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto bad,
will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Garnett, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to performed, is particularly described and

page_text: ascertained in and by the Drawings hereto annexed;-and-the-following
explanation thereof, that is to say :-
These Improvements in Machinery for Spinning and Doubling Wool, Flax,
Cotton, Silk, and other Fibrous Materials, consist in a novel arrangement of
mechanism or apparatus to be employed for such purposes, and so constructed and
arranged that any requisite length of draft or stretch may be given to the roving
in drawing it to the required fineness previous to spinning it upon the bobbin
or spindle. The roving of fibrous material under operation is enabled to
receive this stretch or draft between the front and back drawing rollers by being
slightly twisted, by passing between the surfaces of an endless strap or belt,
so contrived that the inner or rubbing surfaces shall run nearly in contact and
in opposite directions, and thus twist the rovings during the draft or stretch,
which is being performed by the front and back drawing rollers previous to the
operation of spinning or twisting by the spindle and flyer; or the twist may be
given to the rovings in this situation by any other suitable contrivance adapted
to the purpose; the contrivance for giving the twist being placed between the
front and back drawing rollers.
But in order that these improvements in spinning machinery may be
more perfectly explained and better understood, I have annexed to these
Presents a Sheet of Drawings containing various representations of a
machine for spinning, so arranged and modified as to exhibit the practical
application of these improvements, and in which similar letters of reference
are marked upon corresponding parts of the mechanism in all the Figures.
But it will be perceived, that many ordinary parts of spinning machinery are
also here introduced as being merely auxiliary to the application of these
improvements, and, as such, it will not be necessary very particularly to
describe them.
In the accompanying Drawing, Fig. 1 is a front elevation of the improved
spinning machine, and Fig. 2 is a plan or horizontal view of the same,
as seen from above; Fig. 3 is a side or end view of the same, and Fig. 4 is a
sectional representation taken transversly through the machine about the
situation of the line A, B, in Figures 1 and 2. The upright standards or
framings are shewn at a, a, a, a, which support the roller beams b, b,
and upon them the roller stands c, c, are mounted, carrying the back
drawing rollers d, d. The rovings, having been previously prepared and
suitably coiled upon bobbins or spools, are placed in the centre of the
machine as at e, e. These bobbins are made to contain any required number
of ends of rovings, which are taken off back and front, as shewn in the
Drawings, each coil being wound separately upon the bobbin and side by side,

page_text: so that they may be drawn off readily.. The bobbins upon which the rovings
are coiled are supported in morticed standards f, f, upon wooden surface
rollers g, g, which are driven by suitable geering in order to deliver the
rovings into the back drawing rollers; an endless travelling belt, strap, or
band h, h, h, (being the most suitable means) for putting the twist into the
rovings, as they pass from the back to the front drawing rollers (which are, of
course, to be suitably geared in order to give the necessary draft or stretch)
is placed immediately behind the front set of drawing rollers, so that a
sufficient degree of twist is given to the rovings to support the fibres during the
draft or stretching operation between the front and back drawing rollers. The
spindles, flyers, and bobbins for spinning the yarn are shewn at i, i, i, i,
bearing in the bolster rails j, j, and upper plates k, k, and supported upon the.
copping rail 1, 1, in the ordinary manner, being driven by bands passing from
the horizontal drum m, m, around the wharves or pullies with which the flyers
are furnished, as in ordinary throstles where the dead spindle is used.
Now, in order to put this improved spinning machinery into operation,
rotary motion must be given to the fast driving pulley n, which being fixed
upon one end of the drum shaft o, o, will, by means of the spur
pinion p, at its other end, drive the internal spur wheel 9; around the
outer periphery of the wheel q the straps r, r, are passed, driving the
pullies s, s, fixed upon the ends of the set of front drawing rollers t, t,
and thus by means of the mitre wheels u, u, cross shafts v, v, and change
pinions w, w, actuate the bevil wheels x, x, upon the end of the set
of back drawing rollers d, d. Upon the extreme end of this set of rollers
there is a spur pinion y, taking into an intermediate wheel z, in geer with the
wheel 1, upon the end of the shaft of the surface rollers g, g; now as these
rollers revolve at suitable speeds, and thus deliver the rovings to the back
drawing rollers d, d, the rovings will be drawn forward, and are to be passed
between the travelling twisting belts h, h, and between the front drawing
rollers t, t. These endless belts h, h, are driven by means of an endless
strap 2, passing around the pully 3, which is fixed upon one of the cross
shafts v;
this driving strap is conducted by tension or guide rollers 4, 4,
around the pulley 5, fixed at one end of the conical drum 6, and from this
drum 6 another strap 7 is passed around the other conical drum 8, mounted
upon the horizontal shaft 9, which carries the pullies 10, 10, at each end, and
thus drive the twisting belt or band h, h. It is necessary here to remark,
that, in order to keep the action of the rubbing surfaces of the twisting
belt uniform upon all the rovings, there is a thin plate of metal or other
substance placed between the inner surfaces of the belt and between
each roving, in order to keep the whole length of the belt at equal distances

page_text: apart; and there-are-also-small presser rollers 11, 11, 11, 11, placed-in
bearings above the belt for the purpose of preserving an uniform pressure
upon all parts of the travelling belt h, h. It will be evident that any required
degree of speed (and consequently any requisite twist obtained) may be given
. to this travelling belt by shifting the strap 7 upon the variable surfaces of the
two conical drums; and for securing the alteration of speed, when thus
adjusted, there is a bar 12, pierced with holes, into which pins may be
inserted upon each side of the driving strap. The copping motion may be
performed in any ordinary manner, and suitably contrived to spin cops or
bobbins, as, for instance, by the mangle pinion and wheel 13, actuating the
quadrant rack 14, and lifting chains 15, or by any other well-known means.
It will readily be perceived by persons conversant with the process of
spinning, that by these improvements in spinning machinery, namely,
separating the front and back drawing rollers, and putting in a sufficient
degree of twist to the rovings to sustain or support them during the
stretching process, by whatever means it may be performed, that the rovings
may be drawn down to any degree of fineness previously to being spun,
and the yarn will also be equalized in quality and strength throughout. In
those cases where it is deemed necessary to draw down the rovings several
degrees or "numbers" of fineness previously to spinning, it will be necessary to
place the roving, bobbins, or spools in front of the machine above the spindles,
and thus allow the rovings to be coiled thereon separately side by side.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Garnett, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of December, in the year of our
Law One thousand sich
und