matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN CUTTING AND SHAPING
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Pearson Renshaw at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 9th July 1858.
I, GEORGE PEARSON RENSHAW, of Nottingham, in the County of
Nottingham, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CUTTING AND SHAPING" to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the use of a duplex action for the cutting
tools of planing machines, whereby such machines may be adjusted to
plane or cut accurately in both directions by a slight setting action at
each reversing movement. For this purpose a single cutting tool is
contrived, with two points, each cutting alternately in its forward action
as regards the traverse of the table, the tool being in fact a species of
inverted T piece, each cross end being shaped to a cutting edge. Or,
instead of this single tool, two single pointed tools may be used, such
tools being clamped together to give the duplex cut. In either case the
duplex tool is clamped in an ordinary self-acting oscillating tool holder,
fitted, if necessary, with additional slides and apparatus for properly
adjusting the tools. The two cutting points or edges are brought into

page_text: cut and raised out of it alternately, according to the table's traverse, by.
the oscillation of the holder through a small arc, such oscillatory action
being effected by means of a cord and pulley arrangement, or other
adjustable action, as is well known to engineers. This duplex action
system is suitable for other cutting and shaping machines besides
planing machines, and its use effects a saving of time and power in
working, as well as the wear of the machine ordinarily arising during
the return of a single tool. The two points also secure greater en-
durance in the cutting edges, and superior accuracy in the work.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SPOONS AND. LADLES
Year: 1853

page_text: their Petition, on the 14th January 1858.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
We, RICHARD TAYLOR and HEZEKIAH HENRY SALT, both of Birming-.
ham, in the County of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SPOONS AND.
LADLES" to be as follows, that is to say:--
Our Invention consists in manufacturing all kinds of spoons and.
ladles of glass and metal combined, the bowls being of glass, the handles.
of metal.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BLINDS, SHADES, AND OTHER SCREENS FROM GLASS AND OTHER VITREOUS SUBSTANCES, ALSO IN THE METHOD OR METHODS OF RAISING, LOWERING, FOLDING, AND REGULATING SUCH BLINDS SHADES, AND OTHER SCREENS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Delabere Barker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th June 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, DELABERE BARKER, of Douglas Road, Islington, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BLINDS, SHADES,
AND OTHER SCREENS FROM GLASS AND OTHER VITREOUS SUBSTANCES, ALSO IN
THE METHOD OR METHODS OF RAISING, LOWERING, FOLDING, AND REGULATING
SUCH BLINDS, SHADES, AND OTHER SCREENS," to be as follows:-
I purpose forming blinds, such as are commonly called short venetian
blinds, of slabs or prisms of glass, or other vitreous substance or sub-
stances, of various shapes, and of any color or colors I
may
find best
adapted for the purpose: these slabs or prisms I aflix within a frame
of wood or other suitable material or materials, and in such frame I
insert one or more wheels, both at the top and bottom thereof, to allow
of the free working backwards and forwards of the slabs or prisms,

page_text: thereby regulating the intensity of light required. I likewise find it
advantageous in some cases to attach washers of india rubber, brass, or
other suitable materials to the upper or lower ends or both, of such
slabs or prisms, to prevent their grating against each other. I likewise
make fire and other screens from glass and other vitreous substances,
and which may be either colored, ground, or otherwise; and I make
such screens of one sheet of glass, or of slabs or prisms of glass, and
which I cause to revolve or wind round a pillar or upright standard by
means of cord, chain, or other like suitable means I may find best
adapted for the purpose. I also make long venetian blinds of slabs or
prisms of glass or other vitreous substance; and for the raising, lowering,
and regulating such blinds I use cogged, rachet, or other wheels, by
which means such blinds are prevented from breaking or grating by
being too quickly raised or lowered.
A METHOD OF ACTUATING SHIPS' PUMPS BY THE MOTION OF THE VESSEL AT SEA, WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Williams, James
Plimpton, and Robertson Buchanan at the Office of the Com-
sioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 1st February
1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed 'not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
We, THOMAS WILLIAMS, Engineer, and JAMES PLIMPTON, Gentle-
man, both of Middlesex, and ROBERTSON BUCHANAN, Gentleman, of
the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A METHOD OF ACTUATING SHIPS' PUMPS BY THE MOTION
OF THE VESSEL AT SEA, WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES," to
be as follows (that is to say):
The annexed Drawing represents a sectional side elevation of a
self-acting ship's pump. a, a, is the flooring or deck of the vessel;
b, b, standard frames; c, c, fixing bolts; d, d, cylindrical case or
tube, the under side of which is slotted out suitably for admitting
the pump lever to oscillate through; e, e, metal ball for traversing
the tube from end to end; f, f, pumping lever; g, g, counter-balance
weight affixed thereto; h, h, pump rod; i, i, pump barrel or cylinder;
j,j, regulating standard for raising or lowering the cylindrical tube

page_text: or case d, d. These improvements in ships' pumps have reference
to the mode of transmitting the undulating motion of ships and
vessels directly to the pump, whereby a great saving of
expense and
mechanical power is effected, and the pump always kept in action
working most efficiently when most required. By reference to the
annexed Drawing it will readily be seen that when any inclination,
however slight, is given to one end of the tube or cylindrical case
d, d, by the motion of the ship, it will instantly cause the ball to
descend the lowest level, and, after traversing the entire length
alternately in its course, raise and depress the lever which works
the piston rod, throwing the pump in action.
Having thus briefly described our Invention, we would have it
understood that we do not limit ourselves to the precise details
herein before given, as the same may be varied without departing
from the character of these our said improvements.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING OILS AND FATS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Meyer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd November 1853.
I, FREDERICK MEYER, of Paradise Street, Lambeth, do hereby declare
the nature of my Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING OILS AND
FATS to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of applying materials in the bleaching oils
and fats which have not been heretofore so used, and the materials are
manganesic and nitro-sulphuric acid. Palm and other oils, and also
fats, bleached by such means are rendered more suitable for the manu-
facture of soap, candles, night lights, and for lubricating matters.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF BLOWER."
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Colt, of Spring Gardens, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED
CONSTRUCTION OF BLOWER."-A communication.
Sealed the 23d April 1853, and dated the 3d March 1853.

page_text: with shaped leaves; and beyond this compartment the case expands
into an annular channel. Into this channel the air is thrown, through
a small annular opening, by the fan, and it is led off by an air trunk,
to be employed in any required manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEANING BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Gilbert at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 20th May 1853.
I, HENRY GILBERT, of Kensington, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEANING BOOTS AND SHOES" to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists of combining rotatory brushes with a suitable
axis or spindle, and giving motion thereto by a treadle.
A NOVEL CON- STRUCTION OF APPARATUS TO BE USED AS A CHEST EXPANDER, AND AS A UTERINE OR ABDOMINAL SUPPORTER
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 24th November 1853.-A communication.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NOVEL CON-
STRUCTION OF APPARATUS TO BE USED AS A CHEST EXPANDER, AND AS A
UTERINE OR ABDOMINAL SUPPORTER," being a communication from
abroad, to be as follows:-
The principal object of this Invention is to arrange a brace for the
shoulders and other parts of the human body, so as to afford a firm and.
yet elastic support, without obstructing the circulation or interfering with
any of the vital functions or the movements of the limbs. To this end
the Inventor provides a bent strip of metal (by preference plate steel),
which passes from the back of the wearer, just below the shoulder-blades,
under the armpits, and terminates in pads which rest upon the patient's
body near the clavicle. Attached to or forming one piece with this

page_text: only press upon it
clestic frame is a central bar, which takes a downward direction in the
line of the patient's spine. This bar is jointed by means of a pivot to
a similar bar, forming part of an elastic frame, composed of a strip of
steel, which passes round the body immediately above the hip and
terminates about opposite the centre of the iliac region, either by two
pads or in a plate which bears against the body. These frames are
made so that they shall pass round the body and
where pads are provided to intercept the pressure. These pads are
placed at the terminations of the frames, as already noted, and also at
opposite sides of the spinal column. The central bar, composed of two
parts, as already stated, while permitting of no longitudinal extension
while the apparatus is in use, will allow of a slight forward and back-
ward play, and by its joint will offer no resistance to the lateral motion
of the body. If thought desirable, straps may be passed over the
shoulders from the pads at the back of the upper frame to the pads
which form the terminals of that frame, but this is not essential for
keeping the apparatus in place.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MAKING OF PAPER BAGS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Baldwin, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Paper Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MAKING OF PAPER BAGS."
Seare
1854,
the 22nd September 1853.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said James Baldwin
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition
and Declaration, on the 22nd September 1853, pursuant to the
9th section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
JAMES BALDWIN, Paper Mánufacturer, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of my said "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MAKING OF PAPER BAGS," and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say):
My improvements in the making of paper bags are described in
the following Specification and Sheet of Drawings attached thereto.
Figure 1, is a plate of metal cut into a peculiar shape or form
B, B, B, on one of its edges; it is laid upon a pieco of paper (the
right size for the intended bag), and pasted with flour paste and a
brush round the two edges of the paper A, A, B, B, B, the metal plate
serving as a template or guide to put the paste in the proper place on
the paper.
The paper when pasted is laid, the pasted side downwards, on to the

page_text: apparatus, Figure 2; the pasted edges of the paper B, B, Figure 1,
being placed against the stops C, C, Figure 2; and the edge A, A,
Figure 1, being placed against the stops D, D, Figure 2.
The plug X, Figure 2, is hinged at the bottom to a metal, glass, or
slate plate (to prevent absorption of the paste), forming the base on
which the pasted paper is laid.
Figure 3, exhibits the plug X, in the horizontal position, lying upon
the surface of the paper which is to be made into a bag. The edges
A, A, B, B, B, of the paper being pasted on their under surface, as
shewn by lines thereon, the workman folds the edge A, A, Figure 3,
of the paper on to the horizontal surface of the plug X, and then folds
the edge Z, of the paper on to the pasted edge A, by which the two
surfaces become stuck together.
By an inspection of Figure 3, it will be seen that the edge of the
paper projects beyond the end of the plug, the paper which overhangs
is folded against the end of the plug to form the bottom of the bag.
The plug, with the bag upon it, is then brought by hand into the
vertical position shewn at Figure 2, and the bag is drawn off the plug.
The four holes and two grooves seen on the end of the plug, and
which extend from end to end, allow the air to pass through them to
facilitate the removal of the bag. The bag, when removed from the
plug, is folded by hand into the form shown at Figure 4; and when the
bag is required for use it is opened by hand, and then assumes the
form shown at Figure 5.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Baldwin, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of September, in the
voor of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three
Witness,
H. HAWKES,
Solicitor,
Birmingham.
JAMES BALDWIN. (L.S.)
Im- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bottomley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th May 1858.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed. not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, JOHN BOTTOMLEY, of Bradford, in the County of York, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TEXTILE FABRICS" to be as follows;
that is to say:-
In the manufacture of certain descriptions of fabrics, namely, those
descriptions in which part of the surface or face of the fabric is of
the plain or usual description, and part being of a satin or raised
surface, these descriptions have hitherto been woven by the power
loom, in combination with the complicated jacquard apparatus and its
attendent harness and cards.
My improvement consists in manufactureing these fabrics by employ-
ing, in conjunction with the power loom, heddles with their attendent
machinery, in place of and as a substitute for the more complicated
jacquard apparatus, which I dispence with.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREAKWATERS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Macintosh, of 12, Pall Mall, Naval
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREAKWATERS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Macintosh at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
1st September 1858.
J, JOHN MACINTOSH, of 12, Pall Mall, Naval Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREAK-
WATERS" to be as follows:-
My improved breakwater consists of two rigid surfaces or rafts, the
upper one of which floats on the surface, and the lower one, to which
it is firmly connected, is submerged some distance below the surface,
but is inclined to the upper one.
This breakwater is so moored that the waves enter between the sur-
faces where they are widest apart, and issue where they are nearest
together.

page_text: I have also found it desirable, in floating breakwaters composed of
flexible fabrics, to distend such fabrics on frames sufficiently rigid to
keep the fabric distended, but at the same time to yield to the rise and
fall of the waves.
By these means I am enabled to moor such breakwaters with inuch
fewer anchors. than heretofore, and also to place lights in elevated
positions, when desirable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF PRINTING SURFACES
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Leon Valls, of Paris, in the Empire of France,
Merchant, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION
OF PRINTING SURFACES."-A communication.
Scaled the 23rd December 1858, and dated the 24th June 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Leon Valls at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th June 1858.
I, LEON VALLS, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF PRINTING SURFACES" to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce printing surfaces which
may be employed for various printing purposes, such as for printing
calico or textile tissues or fabrics, paper hangings, and other purposes
for which wooden or metal blocks are usually employed,

page_text: The material which I intend to employ in place of those usually em-
ployed for printing surfaces is gutta-percha, either alone or in combi-
nation with caoutchouc or other ingredients. A suitable plate having
been engraved as a pattern either on wood or metal, I first obtain a
cast thereof by pouring thereon a very fusible metal or other substance
suitable for taking a cast and producing a mould. A matrix or mould
having been thus obtained, an impression thereof in relief is produced
in gutta-percha or a combination of materials containing gutta-percha
as one of its principal ingredients, either by melting the same and
pouring it on or in the moulds, and withdrawing it therefrom when
co'd, or the gutta-percha, having been prepared in the form of a thin
sheet, may be softened by heat, and then placed on the mould or matrix,
and by applying pressure to the gutta-percha sheet the softened mate-
rial will be forced into all the interstices of the mould or matrix, in
which it must be allowed to remain until quite cold, when it may be
removed. A very fine and clean relief and accurate copy of the
engraved block or plate will be thereby obtained.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN LIFTING AND FORCING WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Brown, of 58, Waterloo Road, Liver
pool, in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LIFTING AND FORCING WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS."
Sealed the 5th July 1853, and dated the 10th May 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Brown at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 10th May 1858.
I, ROBERT BROWN, of 58, Waterloo Road, Liverpool, in the County
of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LIFTING AND FORCING WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS" to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists of fixing the cylinder or barrel in a horizontal
position, with an air vessel above and intermediate of the length thereof.
The piston or bucket rod has a bucket with a valve at each end, and

page_text: receives motion from a crank on an axis, which receives a to and fro
motion from the outside, and the induction valves are at the ends of
the cylinder or barrel."
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF OILS, AND THE TREATMENT THEREOF FOR LUBRICATING PURPOSES
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 1st January 1853.-A communication.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF OILS, AND THE TREATMENT THEREOF FOR LUBRICATING
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The said improvements consist in distroying the unpleasant smell of
certain descriptions of oils, more particularly those produced from resin
or analogous substances, and in the improving such oils so as to render
them applicable to the lubrication of machinery. The purified oil bas
an unpleasant odour, which in some cases renders it disagreeable to use.
This may be changed by the addition of alcohol, such as is obtained at
an extremely cheap rate by an invention recently introduced in France
by M. Bouis, being formed from the residuum left after the obtainment

page_text: of oleageneous matter from certain seeds. By the addition of a small
quantity of caoutchouc this oil may be made applicable for the
lubrication of rubbing surfaces in machinery, locomotives, waggons, &c.
The caoutchouc in its raw state is cut up and steeped, and after having
been formed into thin strips it is passed between two pressing rollers,
one of which revolves at a speed 4 times greater than the other. The
strips are then dried in stoves heated by hot air at a moderately high
temperature. They are then immersed in from 50 to a 100 times their
weight of the oil, and after from 20 to 48 hours immersion or there-
abouts the temperature is raised considerably, and kept at the higher
degree by a hot water bath. By prolonging the time of immersion a
lower temperature may be used. The slimy fluid thus produced serves
to form the required mixture by adding the requisite proportions
of oil.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF REVOLVING OR REPEATING FIRE- ARMS, AND IN LOADING THE SAME
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Pennell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 29th April 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, THOMAS PENNELL, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Gun Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF REVOLVING OR REPEATING FIRE-
ARMS, AND IN LOADING THE SAME," to be as follows: --
My Invention consists, firstly, in encasing the hammer and other
parts of the locks of repeating fire-arms in a case, as shown at a, Fig. 1,
as far as the said parts can be covered or concealed, consistently with
their proper action. Secondly, in the method of connecting the
stationary barrel with the frame of the pistol or rifle, as shown in Fig. 1,
and in front view (partly in section) in Fig. 2. The barrel b, separates
from the frame at c; on being replaced, the axis d, of the chamber e,
enters the hole f, and a pin formed on the end of the screw g, enters a
hole in the frame h; the bolt i, is then pushed in the direction of the
arrow Fig. 2, and its inclined edge entering a depression k, in the axis d,
of the chamber e, prevents the barrel b, being withdrawn from the said

page_text: of
axis. Thirdly, in loading the chamber of revolving fire-arms, as repre-
sented in side view, partly in section, in Fig. 3. In carrying this part
my Invention into effect, I make the part 1, in Fig. 1, of the form
represented at 1, Fig. 3; and a hole m, Fig. 3, is made through the
bolt, and that part of the barrel which is connected with the frame, as
shown in the said Figure 3. When the ball has been put into the
chamber, the lever o, is engaged under p, as shown; and by moving
the said lever the ramrod q, forces the ball. down the chamber n; the
said lever and ramrod can then be immediately removed. The end of
the ramrod, may be made into a nipple key, and the end of the lever
o, into a turnscrew. In applying the first and second parts of my
Invention to rifles, 1 connect the upper part of the case a, and the
upper part of the stationary barrel, by means of a folding sight.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TERRY OR LOOPED FABRICS, AND IN THE MACHINERY FOR PRODUCING THE SAME
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Henry Ewbank at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 13th September 1853.
I, THOMAS HENRY EWBANK, of South Square, Gray's Inn, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TERRY OR
LOOPED FABRICS, AND IN THE MACHINERY FOR PRODUCING THE SAME," to be
as follows:-
Instead of using wires or tags introduced at the sides of the work,
I make use of wires or carriers bent or curved at the ends thereof,
with or without nicks or grooves made therein to receive the warps of
which the terries or loops are formed, which I call the terry warps;
these ends are introduced thro' the slay or reed into the front of
the work, and are raised by means of cams or other machinery adapted
to the purpose, and take up with them a sufficient quantity of the terry
warps to form the terries or loops, which are formed by beating up the

page_text: weft against the portions of the. terry warps so taken up; the wires or
carriers are then withdrawn, and the loops or terries are completely
fastened by again beating up the weft.
AN IMPROVED LAMP
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abel Easton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
November 1853.
I, ABEL EASTON, of Barnard's Inn, in the County of Middlesex, Gent.,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
LAMP to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in making a lamp, on the principle of con-
struction herein-after described, for lighting by means of jets of gas
produced in the interior of a cap or chamber (supplied with a spirit or
liquid chemical compound by the action of caloric on the outside of the
said cap or chamber from the jets themselves), which constitutes a self
generating gas lamp.
At the bottom of the cap or chamber above mentioned there is a
tube or pipe which connects it with a reservoir at the bottom of the
lamp; this reservoir contains the spirit or compound from which the
gas is formed.
Through the tube or pipe above mentioned a cotton wick is passed

page_text: into the reservoir; the upper end of the wick is then cut off' level with
the top of the tube; the resevoir being supplied with the liquid, and the
cap or chamber being screwed on to the tube, the lamp is then ready for
lighting. There is a small basin or channel round the neck of the tube,
immediately under the chamber, provided for the purpose of containing
a small quantity of spirits of wine, which is ignited, in order to heat
the
gas chamber sufficiently to produce the gas in the chamber in the
first instance when the jets are ignited, and their heat is then sufficient
to generate the gas as it is consumed. The burners consist of small
perforations in the sides of the gas chamber which forms the cap of
the lamp; there may be one or more rows of these, according to the
degree of light required; each row from the bottom, however, must
recede or set back, so that two jets may not be directly one above
another in the same vertical line. The space between each row of
burners in the side of the cap is hollow, and may be washed with
platinum, silver, or other suitable metal, so as to form reflectors. The
cap may be of copper, brass, or other suitable metal. For trimming the
lamp a small wire is provided for getting the cotton wick up or down.
An extinguisher is also provided, which consists of a tube closed at the
top, and which fits over the burner and pipe, and screws on to a collar
at the top of the reservoir at the bottom of the lamp, which makes it
secure and safe from accident when not in use, and with the trimming
wire renders the whole apparatus complete. The form of burner and
reflector may be varied according to the purpose for which the lamp is
required.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN MULE SPINDLES, AND SPINDLES OF A SIMILAR DESCRIPTION, FOR SPINNING OR TWISTING VARIOUS FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, AND IN THE MODE OF MANUFACTURING AND PRODUCING THE BAME
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Beckett at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23d
February 1858.
(This Invention did not proceed to the Great Seal.)
I, SAMUEL BECKETT, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Spindle Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN MULE SPINDLES, AND
SPINDLES OF A SIMILAR DESCRIPTION, FOR SPINNING OR TWISTING VARIOUS
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, AND IN THE MODE OF MANUFACTURING AND PRODUCING
THE BAME," to be as follows:-
The spindle being forged in the usual manner, and the point and
foot trimmed or adjusted, if necessary, I proceed to turn or grind a
bearing upon it at about the part where the bolster is usually placed,
and occasionally turn or grind another bearing near the foot, especially
when the spindle is long; I next turn the foot of the spindle, or not, as
may be required. This being done, the spindle is ready for the grinding
process. The grinding apparatus is furnished with a stay (or stays,
when necessary), which being applied to the bearing (or bearings) turned
or ground on the spindle, and the point and foot of the spindle placed

page_text: in centres adapted for that purpose, a rotatory motion is given to the
spindle, the lower part of which, or haft, is at the same time applied
to the grindstone, so that the stone grinds crosswise of the length of
the spindle. By this means an accurate circular form is given to the
lower part, which may in other respects be cylindrical or conical, as
required. This mode of grinding I continue upwards on the spindle
so as to form the bolster or collar, and also as far abovo as may be
found necessary. The upper part, or blade, is then ground, this grind-
ing being done (or at least completed) lengthwise of the spindle. The
spindle is then finished by polishing the haft and blade (or lower and
upper parts) in the usual manner.
By these means I am enabled to produce mulo spindles of superior
accuracy and efficiency.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN SPECTACLE AND READING GLASSES AND PEBBLES
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Nathan and Soloinon
Elsner at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 15th July 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
We, HENRY NATHAN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Jeweller, and SOLOMON ELSNER, of the City of Exeter, Optician, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN SPECTACLE AND READING GLASSES AND PEBBLES" to be as follows:-
It has hitherto been sought to obtain two different powers of glass in
the same spectacle or reading frame, the oue for the purpose of viewing
distaut and the other close objects. These different powers have been
obtained by fitting two glasses or pebbles of different magnifying powers
in the same frame; but this method is found hurtful to the eye in con-
sequence of the line existing at the junction of the glasses. Now, we
obtain the desired effect by imparting different powers to the same
pebble or glass, by taking away a greater portion of the upper or the
lower half of the pebble or glass, and leaving the other half thicker
and of greater magnifying power. We thus produce glasses, say, for
instance, well adapted to the use of an artist, who, looking through the
Price Sd.J

page_text: lower part of his spectacles, views his drawing or painting through
the strong power of the glasses, and on looking up he is enabled too
see the sitter or object through the weaker glasses or glasses of smaller
magnifying power.
IMPROVED MEANS OF PREVENTING ACCIDENTS ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Peary at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
October 1858.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, JOHN PEARY, of Salisbury Crescent, in the County of Middlesex,
Smith, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MEANS OF PREVENTING ACCIDENTS ON RAILWAYS" to be as follows:-
My Invention of improved means of preventing accidents on railways
has for its object such an arrangement or construction of mechanism,
to be connected at one end with either a visible or an audible signal,
and at the other end with the line of railway at some distance from the
station or signal, as will admit of an approaching train acting upon the
said signal, and thereby warn the driver of the approaching train, either
to tise due caution in entering the station, or to stop the train at once,
and thereby prevent any collision or other accident from taking place,
should any obstruction exist on the line. The danger signal may
consist either of a semaphore or light as usual, or of some peculiarly
colored fire; or a bell, whistle, or other audible signal may be used; or
both audible and visible signals may be employed in combination.

page_text: These signals are to be worked by means of weighted levers, strong
springs, or other suitable contrivances, which, when suddenly released,
will immediately bring the signals into action. These weighted levers
or springs are held back or retained in a quiescent position (but ready
to act on the signal) by means of a catch or hook or other contrivance
attached to one end of a long rod, cord, rope, or chain which is laid
along the side of one of the lines of rail for any required distance along
the line, say, for example, half a mile. At the opposite end of this
rod, cord, chain, or rope is another hook or catch, which is held back
by one end of a tumbling lever, mounted in suitable bearings, under
one of the rails. The upper end of this tumbling lever is brought up
nearly level with the top of the rail, and is so placed and arranged that
the flanges of the wheels of an approaching train will be made to act
upon and depress the tumbling lever, and force it down away from the
catch or hook at the end of the long rod, cord, or chain, which will
then be dragged back by the force of the weight or spring at the other
end and release the signal, which will immediately come into action,
and warn the driver that danger is near. In combination with the
mechanism above described for working the signals is an arrangement
for bringing the several parts back into their original position, ready
for acting a second time; this merely consist of a pair of levers, or
other analogous contrivances, which, by means of cords, ropes, rods, or
chains, will pull back the catches, hooks, and weighted levers before
mentioned, and allow the tumbling lever against which the running
wheel comes in contact when on the line to rise into its original
position, and hold back the catch of the signal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Crofts at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd October 1858.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, WILLIAM CROFTS, of Derby Terrace, Nottingham Park, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, first, to improvements upon arrangement or
combination of machinery for which Letters Patent were granted to
me, bearing date April 1, 1853, and consists in using several guide-
bars to act upon the warp threads when producing plain fabrics, in
place of only two, as described in the Specification of such Patent, each
of such bars having the compound movements there referred to, or
some bars having a movement only in one direction, and some bars
only in the other, that is, some moving in a direction at right angles
to the others, or some of such guide-bars may have no endway move-
Also in using a stationary middle guide-bar for part of the warp
threads in order to effect the forming of two sheds at the same time.

page_text: Extra shuttles or thread carriers being used and worked (by preference),
as described in such formed Specification.
Secondly, in causing the shuttles or thread carriers to be moved or
struck through the shed or sheds formed for them by the warp threads
at an angle to the front and back of the machine. The warp threads
being guided to effect the necessary opening and change of sheds for
the passage of the shuttles or thread carriers in the angular direction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLERS, RODS, OR POLES, FOR WINDOW BLINDS, CUR- TAINS, MAPS, AND SUCH LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Turner Chatwin and
Robert McLeish at the Office. of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 7th March 1853.
We, THOMAS TURNER CHATWIN, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturer, and ROBERT M LEISH, of the same place,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLERS, RODS, OR POLES, FOR WINDOW BLINDS, CUR-
TAINS, MAPS, AND SUCH LIKE PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The affixing a sliding tube at one end or both ends of the roller, rod,
or pole, so as to shorten or to lengthen it, according to the dimension
of the map, curtain, or window for which it is required.
This sliding tube is regulated and worked by a spring, or any suit-
able elastic substance. We prefer to use a metallic tube and wire
spring, but do not confine ourselves to these materials; any other suit-
able material may be employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Evans at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th December 1853.
I, WILLIAM EVANS, of Myrtle Street, Hoxton, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER" to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing the pistons of engines with
two distinct and separate hollow conical shaped chambers opposite to
each other, and to which pipes are connected for the admission of
water, steam, air, or other aeriform fluid. The piston thus constructed
is fitted into a frame, which slides in a cylinder in which a vacuum is
always maintained, the ends of the cylinder being closed for that pur-
pose; and the pipes which are attached to the chambers of the piston
work air-tight thro' stuffing boxes in the cylinder ends; rods are also
attached to the framing of the piston, and work air-tight in stuffing
boxes at one of the ends of the cylinder; and the outer ends of said
rods are connected to cranks for transmitting motion to the object or
parts to which it is required to impart motion, which may be effected

page_text: by admitting water, steam, or air into one of the chambers in the piston
the other chamber being shut off during such time by means of a stop-
cock; and when the piston has been thus moved to the extent of its
action, the chamber which was before shut off off' is now opened, and the
stop-cock of the other chamber is shut off by suitable mechanism, by
which the piston will be moved in an opposite direction, and in this
manner and by these means rotary motion will be imparted to the before-
mentioned cranks and parts connected thereto. And this Invention
applies to rotary as well as reciprocating engines.
IMPROVEMENTS IN. GIVING ELASTICITY TO CERTAIN STRUC- TURES AND PARTS THEREOF
Year: 1853

page_text: Petition, on the 1st February 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, THOMAS CHARLES CLARKSON, of 216, High Street, Wapping, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN. GIVING ELASTICITY TO CERTAIN STRUC-
TURES AND PARTS THEREOF " to be as follows:-
In stone I cut or otherwise make a hole of sufficient size to admit
of my elastic material and chair for a railway sleeper, which removes
the present wear & tear, and the injurious effect from vibration.
In my concrete or cement sleeper I mould it to the required shape
and size, at the same time leaving a hole for the reception of my
elastic bed & chair, as shown in Drawing; the flang on my chair
prevents the possibility of its moveing from its proper possition. This
sleeper will greatly economise the present heavy expenditure, also
prevent the danger now existing on the present plan of the rails.
The elastic material in combination for sea walls, fortification,.

page_text: common roadways, and beds for iron girders will remove the pre-
sent evil, which vibration and force now so ruinously acts.
What I wish to be understood to claim is, the moulding concrete
or stone into any shape or form to admit of my elastic material or
wood, so as to prevent the iron rails & chair comming in contact
with any ridged medium, &c.

page_text: E represents an elastic construction of Stone or Concrete
for Buildings such as Sea Walls, Fortification Railway Sleepers.
Beds for Iron Girders, and Buildings having to contend with
force, vibration or concussion, or to resist Gun Shot. G. Bolts
with screws to compress the elastic material at pleasure. II. The
Blactic material
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE GUARD AND THE ENGINE DRIVER IN A RAILWAY TRAIN
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Moflat at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th December 1853.
I, JOHN MOFFAT, of Heiton, in the County of Roxburgh, Scotland, Teacher,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MEANS OF COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE GUARD AND THE ENGINE DRIVER IN A
RAILWAY TRAIN" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in adapting and applying to railway carriages pipes
or tubes of such relative forms and sizes as to be capable of entering one
within the other, when the carriages are united to form a train, and in this
manner to constitute an unbroken channel of communication between and
along the several carriages.
The means by which this effect may be produced consists in the combina-
tion on each carriage of one tube to enter and another to receive an entering
tube, the former being fixed in its position in and extending from the front
part of the carriage, and the latter in and extending from the hinder part of
The entering and receiving tube on each carriage may be united
by an intermediate tube, or the entering tube may be prolonged, so as to
extend along the carriage to the part where it may be connected with the
receiving tube. And these tubes will be of sufficient relative lengths to allow
for the movements of the carriages within the range of their buffer springs.
I prefer that these tubes or means of communication along the several
carriages in a train should be placed as near as they conveniently may be in

page_text: the centre of the width of the carriages, in order that they may be exposed to
as small an amount of vibratory movement as possible. In order, however,
to accommodate the tubes to such movement of the carriages, the receiving
tubes may bo bell-shaped & flattened horizontally at their outer or receiving
ends, their full diameter however being preserved.
The arrangements at the ends of this system of communication as above
stated, may be such as shall be found most convenient.
It may be sufficient to adapt and apply a mere mouth-piece, or speaking
trumpet thereto.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FORMATION AND ARRANGEMENT OF AND MODE OF RIGGING AND WORKING THE SAILS OF YACHTS, SHIPS, AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Thomas Dodge at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 4th October 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, JOSEPH THOMAS DODGE, of St. Austell, in the County of Cornwall,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE FORMATION AND ARRANGEMENT OF AND MODE OF RIGGING AND
WORKING THE SAILS OF YACHTS, SHIPS, AND OTHER VESSELS," to be as
follows:-
The improvements relate to forming the sails or their upper parts
triangular, and to so arranging them that when it is required to shorten
sail this may be done from the lower parts by reefing or furling those
parts to the extent desired; also to keeping the sails distended or flat
by attachments at frequent intervals to the yards or booms; also to
means of suspending the yards or booms upon swivel or centre pins, to
facilitate their movements and stowage, as required, and to lacing the
sails so as to facilitate the reefing.

page_text: Fig. 1, indicates a vessel with the sails set; Fig. 2, the same with
the first reef; Fig. 3, second reef; Fig. 4, close reef. The dotted
lines in this last Figure show how the triangle may be reefed.
Fig. 5, shows the end of a vessel with its fore sail set; also by dotted
lines A, B, C, the same sail under different reefings, when the yard will
take the positions indicated by the dotted lines A, B, C; C, indicating
when the lower sail is furled, and in like manner may the triangle be
reefed or shortened. The lines F, show the system of lacing to
facilitate the reefing.
Fig. 6 shows means of attachment of sail to yard or boom; G, being
a rod passing through the rings or cyes H, and I, to confine the sail
tight to the yard.
Fig. 7, shows a rod G, to the main boom, and the attachment of the
boom to the ring J, by a bolt K, by withdrawing which stowage may
be effected when in harbour or otherwise.
Fig. 8, shows parts of sail.
Fig. 9, shows swivel or truss connection of yard with the mast;
and Fig. 10, shows how the yards may be placed when in harbour, but
they may be laid on deck if required.
Fig. 11, shows an outrigger or breaster for the purpose of staying
the masts, to which is attached ropes or rigging. Its drift or space in
which it works is from A to B. C, represents the standing rigging; it
swings with the yards as they come in contact with it; and the dotted
lines signify its situation.