MANUFACTURE OF CARBONIC ACID GAS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Gustav Jármay at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th September 1883.
GUSTAV JÁRMAY, of Winnington in the county of Chester
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBONIC ACID GAS
"
"IMPROVEMENTS
The carbonic acid gas used on a very large scale in several manufactures (but
especially in the ammonia soda processes to precipitate sodium or ammonium
bicarbonates), is at present usually obtained by calcining limestone in kilns or
furnaces. The fuel used for this purpose is coal, coke, anthracite, or other forms of
carbon, or gas obtained from any of the well known gas producers. In all these
cases the resulting exit gases contain too small a percentage of carbonic acid gas,
through the admission of the large amount of air required for the combustion of the
fuel. The tar and volatile compounds therein contained make the above mentioned
gases useless for the finer kinds of manufacture.
Now my invention consists firstly, in calcining limestone or other earthy
carbonate by the combustion of the so called water gas which I employ because it
is a gas of very high heating power. This so called water gas is obtained by
injecting superheated steam into a glowing mass of carbonaceous fuel or by other
of the well known means. The water gas being first well washed and scrubbed to
free it from ammonia, tar, and other organic matters, and afterwards mixed with
as nearly as possible the exact quantity of air either hot or cold required for its
combustion, and then burnt in any suitable kiln or furnace containing the
limestone or other earthy carbonate, allows me to obtain an exit gas very rich in
carbonic acid and free from tarry matters. The reason why the exit gas is richer
in carbonic acid when water gas is used than when any carbonaceous fuel or gas
obtained from any of the well known gas producers is employed, is that in
these latter cases, a certain amount of air is required for the formation of gas and
a further amount of air for its combustion, whereby the exit gas is unavoidably
Гл •

page_text: greatly diluted by the volume of nitrogen contained in the large amount of air so
required.
Further as the water gas obtained as above described has a very high heating
power (its constituents being almost solely hydrogen and carbonic oxide), a
comparatively small volume is required for the calcination of the earthy carbonate,
and the dilution by nitrogen is largely decreased in proportion to the smaller
quantity of air required for combustion.
The second part of my invention consists in heating the air used for burning the
water gas to as high a degree as practicable before admitting it to the kiln. By
this means much less air is required to disengage a given amount of carbonic acid
from the limestone and the exit gas is proportionately less diluted. The gas and
air can be admitted to the kiln together or by entrance orifices near each other, but
separate, or the gas can be admitted lower down and be employed in cooling the
calcined lime and in getting heated itself before coming into contact with the air.
The lime resulting from my process is of superior quality being free from cinders
and other like substances.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Gustav Jármay in the Patent Office on the 14th March 1884.
GUSTAV JÁRMAY of Winnington in the county of Chester IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBONIC ACID GAS' "
"
The carbonic acid gas used on a very large scale in several manufactures (but
especially in the ammonia soda processes to precipitate sodium or ammonium
bicarbonates) is at present usually obtained by calcining limestone in kilns or
furnaces. The fuel used for this purpose is coal, coke, anthracite or other forms of
carbon, or gas obtained from any of the well known gas producers. In all these
cases the resulting exit gases contain too small a percentage of carbonic acid gas,
through the admission of the large amount of air required for the combustion of the
fuel. The tar and volatile compounds therein contained make the above mentioned
gases useless for the finer kinds of manufacture.
Now my invention consists firstly in calcining limestone or other earthy
carbonate by the combustion of the so called water gas, which I employ because it
is a gas of very high heating power. This so called water gas is obtained by
injecting superheated steam into a glowing mass of carbonaceous fuel or by other
of the well known means. The water gas being first well washed and scrubbed to
free it from ammonia, tar and other organic matters and afterwards mixed with
as nearly as possible the exact quantity of air, either hot or cold, required for its
combustion, and then burnt in any suitable kiln or furnace containing the
limestone or other earthy carbonate, allows me to obtain an exit gas very rich in
carbonic acid and free from tarry matters. The reason why the exit gas is richer
in carbonic acid when water gas is used than when any carbonaceous fuel or gas
obtained from any of the well known gas producers is employed, is that in
these latter cases a certain amount of air is required for the formation of gas and
a further amount of air for its combustion, whereby the exit gas is unavoidably
greatly diluted by the volume of nitrogen contained in the large amount of air so
required.
Further as the water gas obtained as above described has a very high heating
power (its constitutents being almost solely hydrogen and carbonic oxide) &
comparatively small volume is required for the calcination of the earthy carbonate
and the dilution by nitrogen is largely decreased in proportion to the smaller
quantity of air required for combustion.
The second part of my invention consists in heating the air used for burning the
water gas to as high a degree as practicable before admitting it to the kiln. By
this means much less air is required to disengage a given amount of carbonic acid
from the limestone and the exit gas is proportionately less diluted. I use for this
purpose any ordinary hot air stove such as is at present used in iron works. The
orifices for the admission of gas and air respectively into the kiln can be placed
close together side by side or concentric (the one surrounding the other) or
near each other, but separate, or the gas can be admitted lower down and be
employed in cooling the calcined lime and in getting heated itself before coming in
contact with the heated air, or the air can be partially heated by passing up
through the incandescent fuel.
The lime resulting from my process is of superior quality being free from cindera
and other like substances.

page_text: Having now particularly described my invention I claim as new and as the
invention to be protected under the letters patent:-
1st. The manufacture of carbonic acid gas by the calcination of carbonate of
lime in kilns with water gas as the fuel employed, by which means a gas far richer
in Carbonic Acid (CO₂) is obtained than where ordinary fuel is used.
2nd. In combination with the above, the heating of the air supply prior to
admission into the kiln for the purposes described.
In witness whereof I the said Gustav Jármay have hereunto set my hand and
seal this thirteenth day of March in the year of our Lord one thousand eight
hundred and eighty four.
GUSTAV JARMAY (L.S.)