IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSHES FOR PAINTING, DISTEMPERING, AND SUCH LIKE OPERATIONS
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Thurston Culmer, of Hornsey Road, in the
County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSHES FOR
PAINTING, DISTEMPERING, AND SUCH LIKE OPERATIONS."
led the 21st December 1877, and dated the 30th October 187
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Thurston Culmer
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th October 1877.
WILLIAM THURSTON CULMER, of Hornsey Road, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSHES FOR PAINTING, DISTEMPERING, AND SUCH
OPERATIONS."
LIKE
My Invention relates to brushes such as are employed in painting, distempering,
and operations of like kind, and has for its object a strong and simple construction
of brush of the flat form, commonly used in whitewashing, distempering, or other
colouring operations in which a broad surface is laid on at once.
In constructing such a brush I provide an annular band of copper, brass, or other
suitable metal, such band being prepared by spinning the metal from the flat, and
therefore having no joint. This band is made of smaller diameter at the front edge
than at the back, and it is strengthened at the front by a lip or bead. By pressure
on the sides of this band I flatten it to oval form, and into it I insert from the back
the bundle or bundles of bristles, or such other materials as are employed instead of
bristles, several such bundles being inserted side by side in forming a wide brush.
Before pushing the bristles fully into the band I insert in the middle of them a
wedge-shaped piece of wood, which along with the bristles I push into the ring till
the roots of the bristles are at some depth from the back of the ring, the dovetail
shape of the front part of the ring causing considerable pressure on them as they
are pushed in. I then squeeze the ring in a vice and insert through holes in it
screws, rivets, or pins, which enter or pass through the band, bristles, and wooden
wedge.
For convenience of inserting these fastenings while the ring is being squeezed I
provide grooves in the upper edge of the vice or of a pair of clams applied thereto.

page_text: Having thus fastened the bristles and their wedge, I apply suitable heat and run
cement into the hollow of the ring behind the roots of the bristles. I then insert
the wooden handle into this hollow, and secure it therein by nails or screws, or I
form the end of the handle to a dovetail shape, and after inserting it squeeze the
sides of the ring down on the sloping sides of the dovetail.
The squeezing and securing of the bristles and handle may be effected at one
operation by suitably forming the jaws or clams of the vice employed, a cement of
the nature of a varnish not requiring heat being in this case preferably employed.
According to a modified construction, before inserting the bristles into the flattened
ring I secure the flat sides of the ring by cross ties at intervals and insert the
bundles separately in the spaces between these ties, inserting also the wooden
wedge in separate lengths, or in one length, notched to suit the position of the
cross ties.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Thurston Culmer in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
26th April 1878.
WILLIAM THURSTON CULMER, of Hornsey Road, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSHES FOR PAINTING, DISTEMPERING, AND SUCH
OPERATIONS."
LIKE
My Invention relates to brushes such as are employed in painting, distempering
and operations of like kind, and has for its object a strong and simple construction,
of brush of the flat form commonly used in whitewashing, distempering, or other
colouring operations in which a broad surface is laid on at once.
I construct such a brush in the manner shewn in the accompanying Drawings.
In these Figure 1 represents a front view; Fig. 2, a vertical section; and Figs. 3, 4,
5, 6, and 7, represent separately the parts of which the brush consists.
A is an annular band of copper, brass, or other suitable metal prepared by spinning
the metal from the flat, and therefore having no joint. This band is spun to a
circular form, of smaller diameter at the front edge than at the back, and it is
strengthened at the front by a lip or bead a.. By pressure on the sides of the
circular band I flatten it to the oval form shewn in Fig. 5, and I insert from
the back the bundle or bundles of bristles B, or such other materials as are
employed instead of bristles, inserting several bundles side by side to form a
wide brush. Before pushing the bristles fully into the band I dip their ends
into hot cement, and insert into the middle of them the wedge-shaped end C
of the handle D. I then push the bristles and end of the handle D into the
band A till the handle is sunk to some depth from the back edge of the band, the
dovetail form of the front part of the band causing considerable squeezing pressure
on the bristles as they are pushed in. Instead of making the wedge piece Ċ part of
the handle it may be a separate piece, as shewn at C, Fig. 8. When this con-
struction is employed, the end of the handle having in that case no projecting part,
I push the bristles and wedge piece into the band to the required depth; I then
squeeze the band in a vice, and insert through holes in the band, screws, rivets, or
pins, which enter or pass through the band, bristles, and wooden wedge C'; and

page_text: after thus fastening the bristles and wedge I treat the open end of the band and run
in cement, and then insert the handle.
After the bristles and handle have been pushed into the band I squeeze the latter
in a vice, the cheeks of which are made to suit the finished shape of the band, and
have holes or slots through them by which I insert the pins, rivets, or screws E
which secure the handle and bristles in the band.
The butt end of the handle which is inserted in the band may be a little dove-
tailed, as shewn in Fig. 2, so that when the band is subjected to pressure in the vice
its upper edge is squeezed inwards, gripping the butt of the handle.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I claim the construction of brush, according to which the
bristles with a wedge piece and the butt of the handle, being inserted from the
back into a band spun from metal without a joint and narrowed in front, are secured
therein, substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Thurston Culmer, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
WITT TAM THURSTON ALL WED

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