IMPROVEMENTS IN FABRICS IN WEAVING, AND IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR WINDING, WEAVING, CUTTING, AND PRINTING
Year: 1851

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, LUKE
SMITII, of Littleborough, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanic, MARK SMITH,
of the Sun Iron Works, Heywood, in. the same. County, Power-loom Maker,
and MATTHEW SMITH, of Over Darwen, in the same County, Manager, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Fourteenth day of May
now last past, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto us, the said Luke Smith, Mark Smith, and Matthew Smith, our exors,
adiors, and assigns, Her especial license, that we, the said Luke Smith,
Mark Smith, and Matthew Smith, our exors, adñiors, and assigns, or
such others as we, the said Luke. Smith, Mark Smith, and Matthew Smith,
our exors, adiiors, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, our
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FABRICS IN WEAVING, AND IN MACHINERY
AND APPARATUS FOR WINDING, WEAVING, CUTTING, AND PRINTING;" in which
said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, obliging us, the said Luke Smith,
Mark Smith, and Matthew Smith, by an instrument in writing under our
hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, particularly to
describe and ascertain the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be enrolled in Her

page_text: Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by
the said Letters Patent, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at
large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
Luke Smith, Mark Smith, and Matthew Smith, do hereby declare that the
nature of our said Invention consists,-
First, in an improved mode of manufacturing fabrics known by the name of
woollen cords or woollen velveteens, by making the weft for the back of cotton
or linen.
Secondly, in a mode of weaving terry fabrics, having the wires on which the
terries are formed in the same direction as the warp, by means of the lappet
loom.
Thirdly, in improved machinery for giving the requisite varying velocity to
the spindles and faller of pirn or cop winding machines.
Fourthly, in improved machinery for making each separate spindle in pirn
or cop winding machines self-regulating.
Fifthly, in improved machinery applicable to looms in which two or more
shuttles are used on each side of the loom, for bringing the required picker
into action, and for picking from both sides of the loom at the same time.
Sixthly, in improved machinery or apparatus applicable to looms, in which
two or more shuttles are used for throwing the shuttle without the aid of the
spindle or picker rod, usually employed for guiding the picker.
Seventhly, in an improved arrangement of parts for applying the break, and
for stopping the loom in the absence of the weft.
Eighthly, in improved machinery for giving motion to the taking-up roller,
applicable to looms having two or more shuttles, and in which the reed is
supported in a spring frame.
the
Ninthly, in the application of the weft fork to the machinery for delivering
yarn from the yarn beam.
Tenthly, in the application of the weft fork to the taking-up motion.
Eleventhly, in improved apparatus for holding the warp beam when the reed
strikes home the weft.
Twelfthly, in the application of intermittent wheels for giving motion to
revolving shuttle boxes.
Thirteenthly, in the application of a chain for working intermittent wheels.
Fourteenthly, in an improved tappet for working the healds of looms, and in
the machinery for giving motion to the same.
Fifteenthly, in improved machinery for reversing the motion of looms.

page_text: Sixteenthly, in improved machinery for protecting the reeds of looms and
for keeping the cloth to the required width, being a substitute for the hand and
self-acting temples hitherto employed.
Seventeenthly, in improved machinery for tightening and slackening the
warps applicable to looms for weaving double fabrics.
Eighteenthly, in an improved mode of supporting the "jacks" for regulating
the motion of the healds.
Nineteenthly, in improved machinery for cutting the pile warp of double
fabrics, and for keeping the upper and lower fabrics asunder before they are cut.
Twentiethly, in improved machinery or apparatus applicable to printing
carpets and other fabrics or materials, for lifting the blocks from the color box
or tier cloth to the fabric or material to be printed, and vice versa, and for
giving the requisite motion to the fabric or material under operation.
And, lastly, in the construction of printing tables.
And in order that our Invention may be fully understood and readily carried
into effect, we will proceed to describe the means pursued by us.
Our improvements in fabrics and in weaving will be sufficiently understood
by the following statement thereof; and our improvements in winding, weav-
ing, cutting, and printing are described with. reference to the accompanying
Drawings, and the letters and figures marked thereon.
Our improvements in fabrics are applicable to woollen cords and woollen
velveteens, and other fabrics the face of which is composed of wool, and consist
in using cotton or linen weft to form the back of the same. By this means the
fabrics produced are equal in appearance and in durability to those made in the
ordinary manner, which have hitherto had the warp only of cotton or linen...
Our improvements in weaving relate to that class of terry fabrics in which
the terries are formed in the same direction as the warp. In weaving these
terry fabrics, we cause the warp which forms the terry to pass through a frame
of needles, actuated by suitable levers and cams, to carry the warp forming the
pile first on one side of the wire on which the terry is formed and then on the
other; our improvements being effected on the principle of the lappet loom,
whereas the attempts which have hitherto been made for effecting this object
have been made on the principle of the doup heald.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
On Sheet 1, Fig. 1 represents a sectional elevation of a machine for winding
pirns or cops, sometimes called a quill winding machine. Fig. 2 is a detached
view, drawn full size, of a spindle, to which our improvements are applied;
Figs. 3 and 4 are two plan views of the same. In Fig. 1, a is a creel, for the

page_text: hanks of yarn or thread, which are to be wound on to the spools, forming the
foundation of the pirns or cops; b is a spindle, supported by the bearing rails
c and d, which are both stationary; e is the spool, which is made to revolve
with the spindle by a pin in the spindle, taking into a recess at the bottom of
the spool; f is the driving shaft of the machine, on which is fixed a pulley 9;
this pulley gives motion to the smaller pulley h, revolving on a shaft i, which
works in a bush at the upper end of the elbow leverj; on the shaft i is also
fixed a pinion k, gearing into the excentric wheel I, fixed on the shaft n. The
pinion k is kept in gear with the excentric wheel, by the end of the shaft i
being guided in a groove m, forming part of or otherwise fixed to the excentric
wheel. On the shaft n is fixed the wheel n', gearing into the pinion o¹ on the
shaft of the drum o, which gives motion to all the spindles b, by the cords p
passing round the wharves on the spindles, as shewn in Fig. 1. The excentric
wheel is so constructed, that it not only imparts the requisite variable speed to
the spindles for winding the yarn at all times at a uniform velocity on the
different diameters of the spool, but it also gives the up and down motion to
the faller q in such proportions that the upward motion lays the coils of
yarn close together, whereas the downward motion is performed in much
less time, and consequently lays the coils further apart. By this means the
pirns or cops are less liable to break or come to pieces, and they draw off
when in the shuttle with great facility if there are any knots or inequalities
in the yarn. The motion is communicated from the horizontal arm of
the elbow lever j to the faller q by means of the link r and double lever s,
the left-hand end of which has a short link t depending from it, jointed
below to the faller. u is a rod placed behind each of the spindles b; this
rod is furnished with a cap v, fitting on the nose of the pirn or cop, and pro-
vided with a guide, by which the yarn is guided on to the spool. The rods u
pass through the brackets u¹ attached to the faller, and are connected with it
by the catches w. In commencing operations with this machine, when the
spools are all empty, the caps v are down and in contact with the conical end
of the spool, the pinion k being then in gear with the largest diameter of the
excentric wheel l; the faller rail q then gradually raises the rods u, the catches
w taking hold of them. The moment the faller begins to ascend, as soon as
the excentric wheel has performed one revolution, two layers of yarn will have
been wound on the spool, the upward layer slowly, and the downward layer in
about one third of the time required, for making the upward layer, as before
described. The faller will then have arrived at the point from which it started;
the rods u, however, have remained at a higher level, because the thickness of
the two layers of yarn on the spool will prevent the descent of the caps v. The

page_text: catches u, by opening upwards, allow the faller to descend without the rods u;
but as soon as the succeeding layer commences, the catches again bind the
rods, and take them with the faller. These operations are repeated until the
pirn or cop is filled, the caps v being held up by the yarn at every descent of
the faller, which at all times moves through the same plane. By this arrange-
ment, the mechanism usually employed for elevating the faller or copping rail,
or for depressing the spindle, according the increasing size of the pirn or cop.
is dispensed with, and every spindle is regulated independently of the others.
When the pirn or cop is complete, the notch at the lower end of the spool e is
lifted off the pin in the spindle by the pin u, fixed in the bar u, which acts
upon the lever c', jointed to a bracket attached to the spindle rail c.
The pro-
jection at the under side of the lever c¹ takes into a retaining catch c³, which is
acted upon by a spring c³, to hold the lever c' in its required position.
On Sheet 2, Fig. 5 represents an end elevation of a loom for weaving
brocaded silk or other fabrics requiring two or more shuttles, to which some
of our improvements are applied; Fig. 6 is a front elevation of the same.
On Sheet 3, Fig. 7 is a transverse sectional elevation of the loom shewn in
Sheet 2. In Figs. 5, 6, and 7, A is the crank shaft; B, the connecting arms;
and C, the lay, which is furnished at each side with a drop box D, containing
compartments for three shuttles. The drop box on the right-hand side of
Fig. 6 is left out, in order that the parts behind it may be more clearly seen.
Land F are the picking shafts, on the right-hand and left-hand sides of the
loom. The mechanism for bringing the required shuttle in a line with the
picker, whether on the right-hand or left-hand side of the loom, consists of
the following pieces :-Upon the crank shaft A is keyed an excentric A', which
gives a vibrating motion to the lever G, mounted loosely upon the end of the
shaft G. To the lever G is jointed one end of the link G2, the other end of
which is connected to the guide plate G³; to this plate are attached the seg-
ments G and G, the object of which, and of the centre piece G³, is to govern
the position of the shuttle box, in the manner described in the Specification of
Letters Patent granted to Mark Smith, on or about the Eleventh day of May,
One thousand eight hundred and forty-eight. I is a disk, fitting loosely on a
stud I; A is a spur pinion, fixed in the crank shaft, and gearing into another
similar pinion K, in which is a pin for giving motion to the intermittent wheel
L. This wheel is on the same shaft as the drum of the chain L', and the
links of this chain are furnished with a hole or holes, or are made without
holes, to suit the pattern to be woven. L is a two-pronged fork, fixed on the
lever L, forged with or otherwise fixed to the shaft 1. On this shaft is fixed

page_text: the lever L, in the lower end of which is a stud for the antifriction roller L',
and a forged projection, which takes into a groove in the boss of the disk I.
The pinion K has an inclined plan K' projecting from it, which at every revo-
lution of the crank shaft acts on the roller L, and lifts the fork L² while the
intermittent wheel L and chain drum are performing part of a revolution
The lever I is drawn towards the loom side by the spring L', consequently, as
soon as the inclined plane K¹ has got beyond the roller L, the fork L is drawn
towards the upper link of the chain L'. If this link has two holes in it, both
prongs of the fork L³ pass through it, and the disk I is brought in a line with
the segment G, the action of which brings the lever G, which is keyed on the
shaft G', into the position indicated by a blue line in Fig. 5. G' is another
lever for communicating the motion of the shaft G¹ to the drop box at the left-
hand side of the loom; and G³ are connecting links, reaching from the levers
Go and G to the drop boxes. When the upper link of the chain L' has only
one hole in it, the longer prong of the fork L' passes through it, but the short
prong bears upon the link, and in this case the disk I is brought into the
position in a line with the centre segment G³, thereby causing the lever Go to
take the position indicated by a red line; and when the upper link of the chain
L has no holes in, then the long prong of the fork L³ rests on it, and the disk
I is brought in a line with the segment G, and the lever Go is brought into
the position shown in Fig. 5, the top shuttle being then in a line with the
shuttle race.
The piece M is for holding the shuttle box firm during the
operation of picking; it is made with three recesses, into which the roller at
the end of the lever Go enters, and it is held against the roller by the spring
M. The elevating and depressing of the drop boxes is by this means effected
simultaneously; but it is also necessary in some cases to be able to throw the
shuttles either from one side of the loom or the other in irregular rotation.
When this is required, the picking, shafts E and F must be moved, so as to
bring the picking stud of either the one or the other in contact with the pin
projecting from the left-hand or right-hand fly wheel. The parts for effecting
this consist of the chain N, which passes over a drum fixed to the back of the
intermittent wheel N¹. This wheel is acted upon by a pin in the pinion A².
The chain N consists of elevators and depressors, and of dwells and chains,
made with rollers on pins, or with lags and pegs may be substituted for it.
It acts upon the roller Nº, revolving on a stud in the lever N³, from the end of
which a rod N' descends. This rod is jointed below to a long lever No, the
fulcrum of which is a stud fixed to the cross stay of the
6 and 7. Near the right hand end of the lever No is
loom, as seen in Figs.
a forked bracket E',

page_text: which catches into a groove in the picking shaft E, and at the left-hand end
a similar bracket F! takes into the picking shaft F. By this means, when the
roller N is elevated by the chain N, as shewn in the Drawing, the picking
stud of the shaft F is in the proper position for being acted upon by the pin
projecting from the fly wheel A'; but if the following pick is required from
the right-hand side of the loom, the next move of the chain N must allow the
roller N' to assume the position shewn in red, and by so doing the picking
shaft E will be lowered as much as is necessary for bringing the picking stud
in a line with the pin projecting from the fly wheel A³. The links in the chains
L' and N must be made to correspond and to suit the pattern required. The
method of moving the picking stick from the picking shaft is well known to
persons conversant with weaving, and is shewn in Fig. 6. We wish to remark
here, that in some case we prefer to work both picking sticks at each stroke of
the lay; by so doing we can dispense with the chain N, levers N³ and No, and
other parts in connection therewith, the picking shafts remaining at all times
in the position shewn in Fig. 7. In Figs. 5 and 6 we have also shewn our
improved arrangement of parts as applied to looms in which two or more
0
shuttles are used for guiding the picker without the spindle or picker rod.
is the picker through which the picking stick O' passes; the picker has a side
groove fitting into the piece O fixed on the lay bottom, and another groove
beneath it fitting on the bent-up ledge of the partitions forming part of the
drop box D. 03 is a small piece fixed to the shuttle box for holding the
picker when it is out of the drop box. When the picker has been acted upon
by the picking stick to throw the shuttle, it comes against the buffer O', made
of vulcanized india-rubber, fixed to the lay bottom.
Our improved machinery for giving motion to the taking-up roller is shewn
in combination with the mechanism for applying the break in Figs. 6 and 7.
This taking-up motion is only applicable to looms in which the reed is sup-
ported in a spring frame. To the ordinary lay swords C are attached brackets,
which support the fulcrum pins of the levers C2; to these levers are fixed the
hand, top, and the lower support of the reed C³. This reed is held against the
lay bottom by the springs C, which act against the levers C. To one of the
levers Cis fixed a lever C, which terminates in a pin taking into a slot in the
double elbow lever P, the fulcrum of which is at P¹. På is a click for giving
motion to the ratchet wheel P, by which the taking-up roller Q is moved
round by the train of wheels and pinions shewn by red circles in Fig. 7. To
the upper portion of the lever P is attached the horizontal arm P', which
passes under the catch R', jointed to the lever R2, fixed on the stop rod R, as

page_text: shown best in Fig. 6. When the loom is at work and the weft continues to
be supplied, the reed yields at each stroke of the lay, and thereby actuates the
lever C and P, the horizontal arm P' elevating at each stroke the catch R',
and allowing the pin S' from the elbow lever S to pass under it. This lever S
is actuated by a cam near the left-hand end of the crank shaft, and the pin S
acts as a feeler for the catch R. When the weft fails, the levers C and P and
the arm R are not put in motion, and the catch R' is not clevated when the
pin S' comes towards it; consequently, the pin S¹ comes against the catch, and
causes the stop rod R to swivel partly round, thereby knocking the spring
catch T out of its retaining notch by the bell crank R at the right-hand end
of the stop rod, seen best in Fig. 5. The break U is brought into action the
moment the pin S¹ comes against the catch R' by the link U', which is hinged
at one end to the break, and at the other to the end of the lever R³. By the
above machinery, the presence of the weft governs the taking up of the cloth,
and the absence of the weft arrests the taking-up motion, throws the driving
strap from the fast to the loose pulley, and brings the break in contact with the
fly wheel. In Fig. 7 we have also shewn our improved mode of holding the
warp beam when the reed is striking home the weft. To the end of the warp
beam V is keyed a pulley, which fits loosely in the clip V. This clip is bolted
to a bracket from the loom side, and has two eyes, to one of which is jointed
the lever V2, and to the other the bolt Vs, which passes through the lever V³.
The upper end of the lever V has a roller bearing against a cam fixed on the
crank shaft, and this cam is so placed that when the reed strikes the weft
home the lever V will be elevated. By this means the bolt V³ tightens the
clip V around the pulley on the warp beam, and holds it firm when the blow
of the reed is given. In Figs. 5 and 6, W represents the frame for supporting
the jacquard, which is put in motion by the links W', actuated by the
levers W and link W³, which is attached below to a lever W+, shewn by
dotted lines in Fig. 5, and put in motion by a crank pin fixed to a disc keyed
on the crank shaft, the crank pin being connected to the lever W* by the
link W. The other parts of this loom, which are not shewn in the Drawings,
are similar to those in ordinary use, and do not require to be particularly
described.
made to actuate the parts by which
This taking-up motion is represented
the crank shaft; x is the lay; y, the
We will now proceed to describe our improved taking-up motion, in which
the fork of the ordinary weft stopper is
the cloth is wound on to the cloth beam.
in Fig. 8 of Sheet 3, in which view Z is
tappet shaft; and w, the warp beam. On the tappet shaft is fixed an excentric

page_text: y', which imparts a vibrating motion to the elbow lever y, the upper arm of
which is furnished with a projection ys. u is the fork of the ordinary weft
stopper; and u is a hook at the other end of the fork, the object of which
will be explained hereafter. is the horizontal rod on which the fork
vibrates; this rod is fixed in the upper end of the lever us, and to the lower
end of this lever is jointed one end of the link u, the other end of which is
jointed to the lever v; another link connects the lever. v with the .slot
lever t, which oscillates on the stud of the clip wheel t'. The short link t
is jointed above to a projection from the slot lever t, and below to the clip t³,
which catches hold of the clip wheel t¹ when the lever t, is moved in the
direction of the arrow, but releases it again when the lever t is going in the
contrary direction. is a retaining clip, to prevent any back motion in the clip
wheel. The clip is made with a counterweight t, to bring the clip-back
to its proper position after every forward motion of the clip wheel. The
spur pinion, indicated by a red circle, attached to the clip wheel, gives the
requisite motion to the taking-up rollers by a train of wheels, as clearly shewn
in the Drawing. s¹ is a link connecting a roller which bears on the cloth as
it is wound up with the link v', for the purpose of raising the end of the link
in the slot of the lever t; by this means the amount of motion given to the
clip wheel is diminished in proportion to the increasing diameter of the cloth
roller. The operation of this improved machinery is as follows:-As long as the
weft continues to be supplied, the fork u elevates the hook u¹, as shewn in
dotted lines; and the elbow lever y³, being at the same time acted upon by the
excentric y¹, causes the projection y³ to catch into the hook u', and as the rod
of the weft stopper is fixed in the lever us, it is evident that the motion of
the elbow lever y² will be imparted to the lever u³, and by it to all the other
parts of the mechanism above enumerated. When the weft fails, the fork u
does not clevate the hook u, consequently the projection y³ passes over the
hook, and no motion is given to the taking-up roller 8.
In Fig. 9. we have shewn the application of the ordinary weft fork to govern
the delivering of yarn from the warp beam w; in this view most of the parts
are similar to those already described with reference to Fig. 8, and are
marked with the same letters of reference. w is the warp beam, which is now
supposed to be about half full; w' is a long lever, one end of which presses on
the warp, and the other end regulates the position of the link v in. the slot
As the amount of motion
lever t, being connected with it by the link w².
given to the clip wheel t¹ must be least when the warp beam is full, it is
evident that the link v must be at the upper end of the slot in the lever t

page_text: is gradually
and link w²,
when the beam is full, and as it diminishes in diameter the link
brought nearer to the centre of the clip wheel by the lever w¹
thereby imparting more motion to it. To the clip wheel is fixed a bevil
pinion, gearing into another pinion on the horizontal shaft w, to the other end
of which is attached a worm ut, taking into a wormi wheel w on the shaft of
the warp beam. By the above-described machinery the letting off of the
warp is arrested by the absence of the, weft, in: the same way as has been
す
already described with reference to the 'taking-up motion..
Our improved application of the intermittent wheel to circular shuttle boxes
is represented in Fig. 10. In this view, A is a circular box containing seven
shuttles, to the end of which is fixed an intermittent wheel A', with a
corresponding number of slots for the pins projecting from the chain A; this
chain passes over the pulley A, and under the pulley A, mounted on the end
of the cross shaft of the lay. The pulley A* must be set in motion from any
convenient part of the loom in such wise that two links of the chain A² will
pass for every stroke of the picking stick. The action of the pins projecting
from the links of the chain cause the shuttle box to perform part of a
revolution whenever a fresh shuttle is required to be brought in a line with
the picking stick, and the outer shape of the intermediate links fits into the
concave parts of the intermittent wheel, thereby retaining the circular shuttle
box firm during the operation of picking; the number of links having
projecting pins for acting on the intermittent wheel, and the arrangement of
them, must depend upon the pattern to be woven.
In Fig. 11 we have shewn our improved chain for acting on the treadles
of looms to be used in place of the ordinary tappet plates. In this view, Z is
the crank, shaft and Y the tappet shaft; X, X, are two pulleys for guiding the
chain W; this chain is put together of links, which are cither elevators,
depressors, or dwells, and the connecting pins for the links project beyond the
links, and are guided by two plates U, to retain the chain of tappets in their
proper position. On the tappet shaft is fixed an intermittent wheel Y', to
which motion is given by the pin in the disk Z' fixed on the crank shaft, and
the chain is put in motion by the disk Y2, from which project as many pins as
there are slots in the intermittent wheel, the under side of the links W having
recesses for the pins in the disk Y. The upper side of the elevators are
closed, so as to form a groove for the bowl of the treadle to work in, and as
the motion is given to the chain by an intermittent wheel, it is apparent that
no dwell is required at the summit of the elevator or depressors, as the motion
produced by the intermittent wheel compensates for the dwell required in the

page_text: ordinary mode of construction.
By making the elevators and depressors
nearly pointed, we are enabled to make the links of the chain shorter, and still
retain an easy inclined plane for the bowl of the treadle to run up, thereby
effecting a saving in the length of the pattern chain required; the shape of
the elevators and depressers, shewn in Fig. 11, may also be advantageously
applied to tappets made in sectors, or in plates, or to tappet treadles acted
upon by a pulley chain, when motion is given to the same by intermittent
wheels.
In Sheet 4, Fig. 12 represents a sectional elevation of a loom for weaving
double carpets or other double fabrics, in which the warp forming the pile
is cut asunder; Fig. 13 is a front elevation of the same. Fig. 14 is a side view
of part of our improved apparatus for keeping the fabric that is being woven
to the full width of the reed; this apparatus answers the same purpose as a
self-acting temple, and is applicable to looms for weaving calico and other
descriptions of cloth; Fig. 15 is a plan view of Fig. 14.
On Sheet 5, Fig. 16 is a plan view of part of the loom represented in
Sheet 4. In Figs. 12, 13, and 16, a is the crank shaft, near one end of which
is fixed a bevil wheel a¹; this bevil wheel can be turned round either in one
direction or the other by the pinions 6 and 6', seen best in Fig. 16; the
pinion 6 is fixed on the shaft &, and the pinion 6¹ is loose on the shaft, but
fixed on the pulley ; the pulley is the loose pulley, and the pulley 6³ is the
driving pulley. When the driving strap is on the pulley 65, the pinion b is
working the loom forward; but if the attendant wishes to drive the loom in
the contrary direction, the driving strap is brought on to the pulley b³, and by
so doing the pinion becomes the driver, and reverses the motion of the
crank shaft; this mode of driving is applicable to all looms the parts of which
The lay or batten c is
are too heavy to be moved conveniently by hand.
worked in the usual manner by the connecting arms. d, c', are the lay swords,
and is the reed; e is the warp beam for the warp forming the back of the
upper portion of the double fabric; f is the beam for the pile warp, and g is
the beam for the warp forming the back of the lower portion of the double
fabric; h is a series of thin flat metal plates, the number of which is equal to
the number of dents in the reed; the depth of these plates is determined by
the depth of pile required, for as the pile warp is bound alternately in the
upper and lower fabrics, which are held apart by the plates h, and afterwards
cut asunder by the knife i, it is evident that the depth of pile will be always
uniform. The warps after passing round the moveable and stationary guide
bars, shewn in Fig. 12, and which will be fully described hereafter, pass

page_text: through the heddles and then through the reed, and are united together with
the weft threads, which are thrown in simultaneously by the two shuttles j and j
at the point marked k in Fig. 12. The pile warp which unites the upper and
lower portions of the double fabric is cut asunder by the long knife i, which is
provided with a back to keep it rigid, as seen on a larger scale in Fig. 12;
this knife enters into the slots in the plates h, and is mounted in a frame ;
the two pieces of fabric are carried over the breast roller 7, and they are then
wound on to the taking-up rollers m and n. A lateral to and fro motion is given
to the knife i from the cross shaft of the lay by the bracket c*; this bracket
is shown in Fig. 13, and is represented by dotted lines in Fig. 12, and to it is
hinged the lower end of the link c, the upper end of which is jointed to the
elbow lever c. The knife frame is supported by studs projecting from the
levers, which swivel on studs projecting from the breast beam o, and the
link connects the elbow lever with one of the levers 23, thereby communi-
cating the to and fro motion of the lay to the knife i. Near the back of the
luom is mounted the cross shaft o', to one end of which is fixed the lever o¹,
represented by dotted lines in Fig. 12; an antifriction roller o, fitted on a
stud at the end of this lever, is acted upon by the cam a³, and causes the shaft
07 to vibrate in its bearings. On the shaft 07 are keyed the two levers 0³,
which support the guide rod o* for the pile warp, represented by blue lines in
Fig. 12, and the links o communicate motion to levers p of the upper swing
frame; these levers are keyed on the bar p', and have a guide bar p³ supported
between them; the lower ends of the levers p are rounded, and take into forks
in levers 9 of the lower swing frame; these levers are keyed on the bar q¹, and
support the guide bar 9. The warps forming the backs of the fabrics are
represented by brown lines, and are guided round the levers p, p, q, and q³,
as shewn in Fig. 12; in which view the sheds are open to allow the shuttles
jand to pass across, and the guide bars are in the requisite positions for
slackening the warps. As soon, however, as the reed arrives in the position
shewn by dotted lines in Fig 12, the cam a will be elevated, and the levers o
and swing frames will then assume the positions indicated by the dotted lines,
thereby tightening all the warps at the moment the weft threads are struck
home. The flat metal plates h are supported by the vertical levers h¹, keyed
on a cross shaft h³, from one end of which projects a lever h³, acted upon by the
cam a fixed on the crank shaft. The object of this cam is to draw the series 3
of plates h beyond the reach of the reed when the weft is struck home into
the cloth, and to cause it to advance again when the reed recedes from the
breast beam.

page_text: As it is essential in weaving carpets or other heavy fabrics to be able to
regulate with accuracy the depth of the shed, we have mounted the "jacks". in
the manner shewn in Fig. 18. In this view the front top jacks are marked.
rand, and the bottom jacks ; the positions of the others are indicated by
red lines, and each jack is supported on a separate fulcrum pin; 'by this
means, although the tappets cause the tappet levers to move through the same
space in each case, the healds or heddles are moved through more or less space,
according to the depth of shed required for each warp.
The apparatus for keeping the fabric to the width of the reed is shewn in
all the views on Sheet 4, and consists of the following parts:-8, s, are two rods,
one on each side of the reed ; these rods are united together at their ends
by the plates s', from which project trunnions for the links &; near each end
of the rods s are the guide rollers s³, which revolve freely on the rods, and
slide against the ends of the reed. are thin plates, fitting on the ends of the
rods s, and passing between the dents of the reed; these plates are held
asunder by washers, as clearly shewn in Fig. 15. The number of plates s* depends
upon the strength of the fabric to be woven, but in weaving double carpets
we find that about 20 on each end of the reed are sufficient. The links s
vibrate on the fulcrum pins s, consequently, when the lay advances towards
the breast beam the rollers & slide down the reed, and when the reed is home
assume the position shewn by dotted lines. By this arrangement it is evident
that the dents of the reed cannot be drawn towards each other by the exterior
warp threads, for each dent is supported by one of the plates st, before
described; when the lay recedes from the breast beam the links s³ elevate
the rods s to allow the shed to be opened.
Q
The mechanism for giving motion to the breast roller l, and to the taking-up
rollers m and n, is clearly shewn in the Drawings, but as it forms no part of
our present Invention it is not necessary to describe it.
Our improvements in machinery and apparatus for printing carpets and
other fabrics and materials are represented in Figs. 17 and 18 of Sheet 5;
Fig. 17 being a side elevation, and Fig. 18 a section, of a machine applicable
to printing paper. A is the framing for supporting the table B, one portion of
which contains the colour, and the other portion, over which the paper or
fabric passes, is heated with steam; C is a roller, also heated by steam, around
which the paper or other material to be operated upon is passed; the roller D
is pressed against the roller C by a weighted lever E: F is another roller,
heated by steam, placed at the other end of the table; and G is 'the roller on
which the printed paper is wound; II is the driving shaft, on which is fixed

page_text: a bevil pinion H', gearing into the wheel I, which is fixed on the same shaft as
the disk I'; this disk has four pins taking into the slots of the intermittent
wheel J; the motion is communicated from this wheel to the roller F by the
change pinions K, L, and M, and wheel F¹ on the shaft of the roller F. The
blocks L which take the colour from the trough B' are put in motion by the
crank H; this crank is connected with the lever M¹ by the link N, and the
lever M' is keyed on the shaft M³, to which are keyed the levers M³, united
above by a light shaft, from which dépend the links M and blocks L;
consequently, every revolution of the shaft H brings the blocks L from the
position in which they are shewn in black into the position represented in red,
and then back again into their original position. The intermittent motion given
to the roller F causes the paper or other material or fabric under operation
to be at rest during the time the block L is delivering its impression, and
moves the same forward when the block is going for a fresh supply of colour.
The amount of motion given to the paper or fabric can be adjusted by
changing the number of teeth in the pinions K, L, and M.
Having now described the nature of our Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, we wish it to be understood that we do not
limit ourselves to the details herein set forth so long as the peculiar character
of the Invention be retained; but what we claim is,-
First, the manufacturing of fabrics called woollen cords and woollen
velveteens, by making the weft for the back' of cotton or linen.
Secondly, tho improved mode of weaving terry fabrics, as hercin-before
described.
Thirdly, the improved machinery for imparting the varying velocity to
spindles and fallers of pirn or cop winding machines, as described and shewn
in Fig. 1 of the accompanying Drawings.
Fourthly, the improved machinery for making each spindle of pirn or cop
winding machines self-regulating, as shewn and described with reference to
Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4.
Fifthly, the improved machinery applicable to looms, in which two or more
shuttles are used on each side of the loom, for bringing the required picker
into action, and for picking from both sides of the loom at the same time, as
shewn and as described in reference to Figs. 5, 6, and 7.
Sixthly, the improved machinery or apparatus for throwing the shuttle
without the aid of the 'spindlé or picker rod when applied to looms in which
two or moro shuttles are used, as shewn and described with reference to
Figs. 5 and 6.

page_text: Seventhly, the improved machinery, shewn in Figs. 6 and 7, for applying
the break, and for stopping the loom in the absence of the weft.
Eighthly, the iinproved machinery for taking up the cloth when applied to
looms in which the reed is supported in a spring frame and having two or
more shuttles, as shewn and described in reference to Figs. 6 and 7.
Ninthly, the application of the weft fork to the machinery for delivering the
yarn from the warp beam of looms.
Tenthly, the application of the weft fork to the taking-up motion of looms.
Eleventhly, the improved machinery for holding the warp beam when the
reed strikes home the weft, as shewn and described with reference to Fig. 7.
Twelfthly, the application of intermittent wheels for giving motion to
revolving shuttle boxes.
Thirteenthly, the application of a chain for giving motion to intermittent
wheels.
Fourteenthly, the improved tappet, as shewn and as described in reference
to Fig. 11, for giving motion to the healds of looms, and the machinery for
actuating the same.
Fifteenthly, the improved machinery for reversing the motion of looms, as
shewn and described with reference to Figs. 12, 13, and 16.
Sixteenthly, the machinery, represented in Figs. 12, 13, 14, and 15, for
protecting the recd, and for keeping the cloth distended in the loom.
Seventeenthly, the improved machinery for tightening and slackening the
warps, as shewn and described in reference to Figs. 12, 13, and 16.
Eighteenthly, the improved mode of regulating the motion of the healds,
as shewn and described with reference to Fig. 13.
Nineteenthly, the improved machinery for keeping double fabrics at a
uniform distance apart and for cutting them asunder, as shewn and described
in reference to Figs. 12, 12, 13, and 16.
Twentiethly, the improved machinery, represented in Figs. 17 and 18, for
giving motion to the printing blocks, and to the fabric or material under
operation.
And, lastly, the improved construction of printing tables, as shewn and
described with reference to Figs. 17 and 18.
As witness our hands, this Thirteenth day of November, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-one.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Thirteenth day of November,
in the year of our Lord 1851, the aforesaid Luke Smith, Mark Smith,
and Matthew Smith came before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery,
and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein
contained and specified, in form above written. And also the Specification
aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made for that
purpose.