IMPROVEMENTS IN CLOSING BOTTLES
Year: 1885

page_text: We JAMES SCOPE DAVISON of Fulwell Road, Monkwearmouth, Sunderland, and
THOMAS SCOTT of Ayres Quay, Sunderland, Glass Bottle Manufacturers do hereby
declare the nature of our invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CLOSING BOTTLES " to
be as follows:-
At the present time bottles are in some cases formed with a screw thread on the
interior of their head and are closed by a screw stopper screwed therein a washer
of vulcanized india rubber or other elastic material being placed below the head of
the stopper for the purpose of making a tight joint between itself and the bottle.
In some cases this elastic washer is interposed between the head of the stopper and
the top of the head of the bottle-in others it is compressed between the head of
the stopper and a flat ledge formed around the interior of the upper part of the
head of the bottle and in other cases it is compressed between the sides of the
interior of the head of the bottle and the upper part of the stem of the screw
stopper which is made conical. All these ways of closing the mouth of a bottle
are however more or less imperfect, and it is difficult to obtain by them a perfect;
gas tight joint.
•
According to our invention we employ as has before been proposed a washer
interposed between the head of the bottle and the underside of the head of the
stopper and we form the top or end of the head of the bottle with a narrow raised
projection standing up from it around its mouth or a series of concentric narrow
projections for the underside of the elastic washer to bear against so that the parts
of the washer bearing against such narrow projections may be considerably com-
pressed without any great force being exerted to screw in the stopper.. If.such
concentric projections are formed the material of which the washer is composed
embeds itself in the hollows between the projections and the washer is so hindered
from being expanded outwards by the pressure to which it is subjected.
The concentric projections might if preferred be formed on the under side of the
head of the stopper or might be formed on the underside of the head of the stopper
as well as on the end of the head of the bottle.
We preferably form the end of the head of the stopper with a groove around it
corresponding in section to the form of a ratchet tooth. The groove sloping away
gradually from the edge of the mouth to the bottom of the groove whilst the
opposite or outer side of the groove rises abruptly.

page_text: In this way a tight joint would be obtained by the washer bearing against the
narrow edge immediately around the mouth and the washer would be hindered
from spreading outwards by embedding itself partly in the groove and not being
able to escape sidewise therefrom. By forming the head of the bottle in this way
it may be closed by any of the screw stoppers now ordinarily in use whether they
were originally intended to compress the elastic washers which they carry against
the end of the head or against the interior of its sides.
In a similar way we obtain a'gas tight joint when a ledge is formed around the
interior of the head for the elastic washer to be pressed against by forming this
ledge sloping upwards to the edge of the central opening in place of making the
ledge in one flat plane ass heretofore..
The invention is not only applicable to screw stoppers as above described but
also to other forms of stoppers held down by other ordinary means.
CARPMAEL & Co.,
Agents for the Applicants.
""
We JAMES SCOPE DAVISON of Fulwell Road Monkwearmouth Sunderland and
THOMAS SCOTT of Ayres Quay Sunderland Glass Bottle Manufacturers do hereby
declare the nature of our invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CLOSING BOTTLES
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-.
At the present time bottles are in some cases formed, with a screw thread on the
interior of their head and are closed by a screw stopper screwed therein a washer
of vulcanized india rubber or other elastic material being placed below the head of
the stopper for the purpose of' making a tight joint between itself and the bottle.
In some cases this elastic washer is interposed between the head of the stopper and
the top of the head of the bottle-in others it is compressed between the head of
the stopper and a flat ledge formed around the interior of the upper part of the
head of the bottle and in other cases it is compressed between the sides of the
interior of the head of the bottle and the upper part of the stem of the screw
stopper which is made conical. All these ways of closing the mouth of a bottle
are however more or less imperfect and it is difficult to obtain by them a perfect
gas tight joint.
According to our invention we employ as has before been proposed a washer.
interposed between the head of the bottle and the underside of the head of the
stopper and we form the top or end of the head of the bottle with a narrow raised
projection standing up from it around its mouth or a series of, concentric narrow
projections for the underside of the elastic washer to bear against so that the parts

page_text: of the washer bearing against such narrow projections may be considerably com-
pressed without any great force being exerted to screw in the stopper. If such
concentric projections are formed the material of which the washer is composed
embeds itself in the hollows between the projections and the washer is so hindered.
from being expanded outwards: by the pressure to which it is subjected.
The concentric projections might if preferred be formed on the underside of the
head of the stopper or might be formed on the underside of the head of the stopper.
as.well as on the end of the head of the bottle.
>
We preferably form the end of the head of the bottle with a groove around it,
corresponding in section to the form of a ratchet tooth. The groove sloping away..
gradually from the edge of the mouth to the bottom of the groove whilst the
opposite or outer side of the groove rises abruptly.
In this way a tight joint would be obtained by the washer bearing against 'the
narrow edge immediately around the mouth and the washer would be hindered
from spreading outwards by embedding itself partly in the groove and not being
able to escape sidewise therefrom. By forming the head of the bottle in this way it'
may be closed by any of the screw stoppers now ordinarily in use whether they'
were originally intended to compress the elastic washers which they carry against
the end of the head or against the interior of its sides.
In a similar way we obtain a gas tight joint when a ledge is formed around the
interior of the head for the elastic washer to be pressed against by forming this.
ledge sloping upwards to the edge of the central opening in place of making the.
ledge in one flat plane as heretofore.
The invention is not only applicable to screw stoppers as above described but
also to other forms of stoppers held down by other ordinary means,
In the drawings hereunto annexed we have shown various examples of the heads
of bottles closed as herein before described.
Figure 1 shows a vertical section of the head of a bottle having a groove B
formed around the end of its head such groove being of the form of a ratchet tooth
in cross section and having a screw thread formed around the interior of its mouth
for the screw stem of a stopper to screw into-Figures 1ª show a side elevation and
vertical section of a stopper suitable for closing the mouth of the bottle-it is
formed of earthenware with the screw thread around its stem formed of a wire
coiled spirally around it and with the ends of the wire bent inwards and passed
into holes in the stem as has before been proposed-but the stopper might be made
of other material and the screw thread on its stem formed in other ways. A is a
ring of vulcanized india rubber or other elastic material surrounding the stem of
the stopper just below the head. When the stem of the stopper is screwed into
the mouth of the bottle this elastic ring is compressed mainly between the head of
the stopper and the narrow edge immediately around the mouth of the bottle--
whilst the remainder of the ring is pressed into the groove and is thereby pre-
vented from escaping laterally. If desired the stopper might be fitted with a
broader elastic ring as shown at Figure 1b so that the elastic ring may bear not
only against the narrow edge immediately around the mouth of the bottle but also-
against the narrow edge around the outer circumference of the groove B-or the
stopper might be formed with a narrow projection A' all around the underside of
its head as shown at Figure 1° so that the washer may be compressed within the
groove B by the projection A¹.
Figure 2 shows the head of a bottle with a series of concentric narrow pro-
jections formed on its end-Figure 2a shows a stopper suitable for closing such a
bottle or if desired the underside of the head of the stopper might similarly be
formed with a number of concentric grooves or projections as shown at Figure 2b.
Figure 3 shows the head of a bottle with a single narrow raised projection B
standing up from it around its mouth—Figure 3ª a stopper suitable for closing the
same Figure 4 shows the head of a bottle formed with a ledge B around the
interior of the head and sloping upwards so that its inner edge forms a narrow ring

page_text: against which the elastic ring of the stopper will be compressed. Figure 4 shows
a stopper suitable for closing the mouth of such a bottle.
Although in the.drawings we have only shown the stoppers as screw stoppers to
screw into a screw thread formed within the mouths of bottles yet we do not
confine ourselves to this method of retaining the stoppers and keeping the elastio
rings which they carry compressed against the bottle as other ordinary means of
holding atoppers down against the mouths of bottles might be employed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is
さ
1. The construction of bottles with a screw thread within the mouth and with a
groove of the form of a ratchet tooth or with a number of concentric grooves
around the end of the head substantially as herein before described.
+
2. The construction of bottles with a screw thread within the bead and with
a narrow projection standing out from the end of the head around the mouth
substantially as herein before described.
3. The construction of screw stoppers for bottles with a narrow groove or
projection or two or more concentric grooves or projections around the under sidé
of the head of the stopper substantially as herein before described.
4. The construction of bottles with a screw thread within the head and with an
inner ledge around the interior of the mouth of the head sloping upwards so that
its inner edge may form a narrow ring for the elastic washer of the stopper used
for closing the bottle to be pressed against substantially as described.
5. The closing of bottles substantially in the ways herein before described.
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