IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING APARTMENTS AND BUILDINGS
Year: 1846

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ANTHONY
NATHAN DE ROTHSCHILD, of London, Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-eighth of April,
in the ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Anthony Nathan De Rothschild, my exors, adñors,
and assigns, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that
I, the said Anthony Nathan De Rothschild, my exors, adiñors, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Anthony Nathan de Rothschild, my exors, adñiors, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in the islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark,
and Man, and also in all Her said Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad,
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING APARTMENTS AND BUILDINGS,"
communicated to me from Carl Baron Von Hugel, residing abroad; in which
said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said Anthony Nathan de
Rothschild, shall cause a particular description of the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same,
reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the snid
Anthony Nathan de Rothschild, do hereby declare that the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference
being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters
marked thereon, that is to say :—
First, Object of the Invention.-The object of this Invention is to heat any
desired space, whether closed or partly open, by forcing heated air by mecha-
nical means to the space to be heated, or to heat or dry various manufacturing
articles in the same manner, and also to lead heated air for any desired
purpose, whether perfectly dry or containing the moisture required for pur-
poses, to any situation that may be required, or to any objects, whether near
or at some distance. This system of heating is peculiarly well adapted to
warm churches, hospitals, theatres, saloons, bathing establishments, barracks,
manufactories, prisons, horticultural establishments, powder mills, breweries,
&c., &c., &c., as well as for other purposes, where a high and regular degree
of heat is required without danger from fire; further, it is capable of heating
single houses, or several houses together, by means of one apparatus.
Second, Principle of this Invention.-The new principle of this Invention
is that of double ventilation, and equally new is the apparatus by which air is
forced through heated pipes in a furnace.
Third, Description of the Apparatus. At a certain distance for the locality
or articles to be heated, which distance may be more or less, as required, a
furunce is constructed which may be heated by any kind of fuel. In this
furunce (A, B, C, D', D³, being the different sections of the same furnace in
the accompanying Drawing) are placed cast-iron pipes b, b, b, the number of
which may be increased if much heat at a high temperature is required. It
has been found that the heat is increased in proportion to the surface of iron
in the interior of the pipes. Pipes too narrow, however, prevent the free
ventilation; for this reason pipes of oval form (D') have been found most
convenient. The pipes are heated by the fire (a). The entrance of the pipes
is connected (c) with a ventilator (e), which is set in motion by mechanical
force (hands, springs, water, horse power, air pumps, windmills, or steam
engines may be used). This ventilator forces pure atmospheric air into the
pipes (6). The same ventilator forces also a strong current of air through
the pipe (f), to fan the fire. All these pipes have valves, (9.9.9.) to encrease
or decrease the current of air. By being forced through the heated pipes,
beginning with the lowest and ending with the highest temperature, tho
air acquires a very intense heat, which, when not too much air is

page_text: introduced, is not much less the temperature of the pipes itself. It has
been found that the most convenient length of the cast-iron pipes (stone
pipes may also be used) to produce high temperature is fifteen feet,
which allows the smoke with the circuit in h, and pressed down in i, to
leave the chimney k with the temperature of the open air. To the end
of the pipes (), united in one current of air by the chest m, is attached
the conduit pipe n, which with its branch pipe o conveys the heated air in any
direction desired. The conduit pipe and the branch pipes are of course to be
placed in powdered charcoal or any good conductor of heat. The temperature
of the air in its passage through the heated pipes may be encreased according
to desire, and can be raised to upwards of three hundred degrees Centigrade,
and may be maintained at the very same height without interruption. On
the other side, the ventilator, according to sise and number of evolutions, if
great quantity of hot air is required, can force an amount of air into the
conduit pipe which will satisfy the most extensive demand, and the heated air,
which may be conducted to some distance, can be conducted to any spot,
whether higher or lower than the furnace. Should it be desired to convey
warm or hot moist air, this object may be easily obtained, either by introducing
steam, if the motive power is a steam engine, into the conduit pipe in 9, or by
placing an iron vessel p in the chest 7, which vessel fills itself from the outsido
at the same ratio as the water in it decreases by evaporation.
In witness whereof, I, the said Anthony Nathan do Rothschild, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of October, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-six.
A. N. DE (L.S.) ROTHSCHILD.
Taken and acknowledged by Anthony
Nathan de Rothschild (party hereto),
at Paris, in the kingdom of France,
this Twenty-sixth day of October,
1846, before me,
THOMAS PICKFORD,

page_text: Middlesex, Gentleman, maketh nath and saith, that he is acquainted with the
manner and character of the handwriting of Thomas Pickford, Her Britannic
Majesty's Consul at Paris, in the Kingdom of France. And this Deponent
further saith, that the signature of Thomas Pickford, set, subscribed, and
written in the margin of the Specification hereunto annexed, marked A, and
dated the Twenty-sixth day of October instant, and purporting to be executed
by Anthony Nathan de Rothschild, of London, Merchant, whereby it is stated
that the said Specification was acknowledged by him, the said Anthony Nathan
de Rothschild, before the said Thomas Pickford, on the said Twenty-sixth day
of October, at Paris aforesaid, is of the proper handwriting of the said Thomas
Pickford