IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTERS
Year: 1884

page_text: I, JOHN WILLIAM SAWYER, of 23 Rood Lane, in the City of London, Builder,
do hereby declare the nature of the said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTERS"
to be as follows:-
My invention relates to filters for household and other purposes, and it is
designed to afford a large filtering surface and an effective filtration, and to permit
of easy cleansing and setting.
My filter case is divided by a diaphragm solid with the outer case, through
which is an orifice. The upper division constitutes the receiving reservoir for the
unfiltered liquid, and is covered by a removable lid in the usual way. The lower
division constitutes the filtering chamber.
Within the filtering chamber is a hollow bottomless block of filtering material
formed with a neck fitting into the orifice in the diaphragm, the edge of which is
so bevelled as to admit of cement being run around the neck to form a tight joint.
Through the neck is a passage to allow the unfiltered liquid to flow from the upper
chamber into the hollow of the filtering block. The superincumbent weight of the
liquid forces it through the filtering block, and the space between the outside of
the block and the walls of the filter case thus constitutes the reservoir of filtered
liquid. The outer surface of the filtering block remains constantly immersed in
the filtered water. This space may be filled with loose carbon.
The bottom of the filter, upon which the filtering block rests is detachably
attached by means of suitable cement run into bevils formed in the wall of the
filter and the edge of the bottom. A smart blow upon the neck of the block will
spring the bottom out of the filter, and permit of the block being withdrawn and
replaced after cleansing, or a fresh block inserted.
The false bottom is conveniently formed concave or with a dip, and provided
with a tap or pog, so as to collect and withdraw sediment.
Suitable air passages or pipes are provided, so as to maintain atmospheric
equilibrium.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
17
I, JOHN WILLIAM SAWYER, of 23 Rood Lane, in the City of London, Builder,
do hereby declare the nature of my said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTERS
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to filters for household and other purposes, and it is
designed to afford a large filtering surface and an effective filtration, and to permit
of easy cleansing and setting.
In order that any invention may be the better understood I now proceed to
describe the same in relation to the drawings hereunto annexed, reference being
had to the letters and figures marked thereon. Like letters refer to like parts
throughout the figures.
Figure 1 represents one form of my filter and Figure 2 an alternative form.
Figure 3 shows my filter adapted direct to the water supply.
My filter case A is divided by the diaphragm B solid with the outer case through
which is an orifice C. The upper division D constitutes the receiving reservoir for
the unfiltered liquid, and is covered by the removable lid E in the usual way. The
lower division constitutes the filtering chamber.
Within the filtering chamber is a chambered bottomless block F (the chambering
being preferably conical to admit of scour) of filtering material formed with the
neck or tube G fitting into the orifice C in the diaphragm, the edge of which may
be so bevelled as to admit of cement being run in around the neck to form a tight
joint. In the form shown in Figure 2, I prefer, however, to form the tubo G solid
with or cemented directly to the diaphragm B and filter case A and screen H.
Through the neck or tube G the unfiltered liquid flows from the upper chamber D
into the hollow of the filtering block F. The superincumbent weight of the liquid
(or the water pressure in Figure 3) forces it through the filtering block F; and the
space between the outside of the block and the walls of the filter case, Fig 1, and
above the block in Figs 2 and 3, thus constitutes the reservoir of filtered liquid the
filtering block remaining constantly immersed in the filtered liquid. This space as
shown in figures 2 and 3 may be partially filled with loose carbon held in place by
the perforated screen H which is preferably formed solid with the filter casing and
may be supplemented by asbestos cloth to arrest fine particles.
The bottom of the filter upon which the filtering block rests is detachably
attached by means of suitable cement run into bevels K formed in the wall of the
filter and the edge of the bottom. A sinart blow upon the neck of the block F
(Figure 1) will spring the bottom out of the filter and permit of the block being
withdrawn and replaced after cleansing, or a fresh block inserted; or this may be
effected (Figure 2) by running a knife or sharp instrument round the cement
attachment.
The false bottom is conveniently formed concave or with a dip as at L and
provided with the tap or peg M, so as to collect and withdraw sediment.
Suitable air passages or pipes N are provided so as to maintain atmospheric

page_text: In order to ensure a tight joint between the filtering block F and the false
bottom an annular groove O is formed in the filtering block, into which cement
may be run.
My invention may be applied to permanent water supply by leading the neck G
from the interior of the filtering block up to the supply-pipe as shown in Figure 3.
In the case where the water to be used is not necessarily filtered, the supply can
be taken direct from the flushing orifice M. This, it will be readily understood,
constitutes a source of constant scour of the interior of the filtering block thus
adding to its durability and efficiency. The filtered water is withdrawn through
the pipe & tap P.
One great advantage attaching to my construction of filter is that all the upper
parts can be made solid thus ensuring perfect tightness and allowing no passage
for the water to be filtered but through the filtering block, and obviating any taint
of the water from many packings.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1st The combination in a filter, of an internally chambered filtering block with
a diaphragmed filter case, substantially as specified.
2nd The combination with such an internally chambered filtering block and
diaphragmed filter case of a concave or dipped detachably attached bottom,
substantially as specified.
3rd The combination with the before claimed elements constituting a filter, of a
screen and loose granular charcoal, around the chambered block substantially as
specified.
Dated this 5th day of March 1885
FELL & WILDING,
Agents for the Applicant.