Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Enlarging the Ends and Other Parts of Metal Bars and Rods.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Dec., 1890
Complete Specification Left; 23rd Sept.. 1891-Accepted, 24th Oct., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Enlarging the
Ends and Other Parts of Metal Bars and Rods.
| ROBERT ALEXANDER BAILLIE of London Yard Isle of Dogs in the County
of Middlesex Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention relates to the method of and apparatus for enlarging parts of metal
bars and reds for various purposes as in the production of the heads of bolts and
in forming heads at the ends of tie rods and in, enlarging other parts of tie rods
where holes are required to be formed for the purpose of admitting of the con-
nection of the said rods to structures and the like.
Ordinarily where parts of a bar or rod are required to be enlarged for purposes
such as those herein before referred to the part of the bar to be enlarged is heated
and gripped between dies hollowed to the shape of the enlargement required to
be formed by them which dies are arranged at some distance apart and capable of
being caused to approach each other the distance between the said dies when the
bar is gripped by them being such that the amount of metal in the bar between
their shaping parts will be sufficient to fill the hollow of the dies when they are
forced together and the portion of the bar between them is thereby caused to
swell in the said hollow. In thus producing an enlargement on a bar it is necessary
that the dies should not be so far apart at starting that the portion of the said
bar which is between their acting faces will be so long as to be liable to "buckle"
or bend while the dies are approaching each other and for this reason where
much enlargement of the bar is required to be produced it is necessary to form
the enlargement by successive operations using a series of dies of progressively
increasing size. Further where an enlargement is required at any portion of a
bar intermediate between its ends the production of the said enlargement ou a
bar of considerable length by the method herein before described has been found
impracticable and it has therefore been necessary to divide the bar at the part
where the enlargement is required and to weld the ends of the divided bar to the
ends of a short length of bar on which an enlargement has been formed.,
My said invention consists of the improvements hereinafter described in the
method of forming enlargements of the kind herein before referred to on bars or
rods and in apparatus for that purpose.
According to iny said invention I produce enlargements on bars or rods by
forcing the part thereof on which an enlargement is to be formed endwise into a
die in the interior of which is a hollow of a shape the counterpart of that of the
required enlargement. Or-by-forcing a die of the required shape over or onto
the said part of the bar or rod in the direction of its length. The part of the bar
or rod which is required to be enlarged is or may be heated as usual prior to
operating on it according to my invention.
In order to admit of liberation of the bars or rods from the dies when the
enlargements have been formed on the said bars or rods, I form the dies in parts
which parts securely bind together by suitable means before operating on the
bars or rods by means of the said dies.
By my invention perfectly formed enlargements may be made at one operation
of such sizes as would require several operatious in dies of several sizes in order
to produce them by the ordinary method."
Further by my invention enlargements may be formed at any desired parts of bars
or rods without necessity for dividing them and afterwards welding the divided

page_text: parts as heretofore. Consequently risk of weakness of the bars or rods due to
imperfect welding is avoided by my invention.
Dated the 24th day of December 1890.
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
mprovements in the Method of and Apparatus for Enlarging the
Ends and Other Parts of Metal Bars and Rods.
I ROBERT ALEXANDER BAILLIE of London Yard Isle of Dogs in the County
of Middlesex Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to the method of and apparatus for enlarging parts of
metal bars and rods for various purposes as in the production of the heads of bolts
and. in forming heads at the ends of tie rods and in enlarging other parts of tie
rods where holes are required to be formed for the purpose of admitting of the
connection of the said rods to structures and the like.
Ordinarily where parts of a bar or rod are required to be enlarged for purposes
such as those herein before referred to the part of the bar to be enlarged is heated
and gripped between dies hollowed to the shape of the enlargement required to be
formed by them which dies are arranged at some distance apart and capable of
being caused to approach each other the distance between the said dies when the
bar is gripped by them being such that the amount of metal in the bar between
their shaping parts will be sufficient to fill the hollow of the dies when they are
forced together and the portion of the bar between them is thereby caused to swell
in the said hollow. In thus producing an enlargement on a bar it is necessary
that the dies should not be so far apart at starting that the portion of the said
bar which is between their acting faces will be so long as to be liable to "buckle
or bend while the dies are approaching each other and for this reason where much
enlargement of the bar is required to be produced it is necessary to form the
enlargement by successive operations using a series of dies of progressively
increasing size.
"
Further where an enlargement is required at any portion of a bar intermediate
between its ends the production of the said enlargement on a bar of considerable
length by the method hereinbefore described has been found impracticable and it
has therefore been necessary to divide the bar at the part where the enlargement
is required and to weld the ends of the divided bar to the ends of a short length
of bar on which an enlargement has been formed.
My said invention consists of the improvements hereinafter described in the
method of forming enlargements of the kind herein before referred to on bars or
rods and in apparatus for that purpose.
According to my said invention I produce enlargements on bars or rods by
forcing the part thereof on which an enlargement is to be formed end wise into a
die in the interior of which is a hollow of a shape the counterpart of that of the
required enlargement. Or produce the said enlargements by forcing a die of
the required shape over or onto the said part of the bar or rod in the direction of
its length or partly by one and partly by the other of these means.
The part
of the bar or rod which is required to be enlarged is or may be heated as usual
prior to operating on it according to my invention.
In order to admit of liberation of the bars or rods from the dies when the
enlargements have been formed on the said bars or rods I form the dies in parts
which parts I securely bind together by suitable means before operating on the
bars or rods by means of the said dies.
By my invention perfectly formed enlargements may be made at one operation

page_text: of such sizes as would require several operations in dies of several sizes in order
to produce them by the ordinary method. Further by my invention enlargements
may be formed at any desired parts of bars or rods without necessity for dividing
them and afterwards welding the divided parts as heretofore. Consequently risk
of weakness of the bars or rods due to imperfect welding is avoided by my
invention.
Apparatus suitable for use in carrying out my invention is illustrated in the
accompanying drawings which are hereinafter referred to by the letters and
figures marked thereon. The same letters and figures of reference are used to
indicate the same parts in all the figures of the drawings.
Figure 1 of the said drawings shows in end elevation a die formed in two parts
and means for supporting the said die and binding its parts together while in use.
In Figure 2 the die is shown in side elevation and the parts by which it is
supported and confined are shown in section taken on the line A Figure 1. In.
the said Figure 2 are also shown a bar or rod on which a head is required to be
formed and a plunger in position ready for forcing the bar or rod into the shaping
hollow in the die.
Figure 3 is a plan view of the lower part of the die and of the support of the
die the rod or bar and the plunger being shown in the said figure in the positions
they occupy in the die when the heading operation has been effected.
Referring to the said Figures 1, 2 and 3 a¹ a² are the two parts of the die
which are jointed or hinged together at one end by a pin b. e is the support of
the die and d is a taper key by which the parts of the die are held together. e is
a hollow in the die in which the bar or rod to be operated on lies as shown at f
in Figure 2. g is the shaping hollow of the die into which the metal of the bar
or rod is forced to form the head thereon. is the plunger by means of which
the bar or rod is forced into the shaping hollow g. The said plunger is connected
to a holder and is driven into the die by the ram of a hydraulic press or other
suitable machine and the part of the bar or rod f which projects from the die is
gripped and held securely by the crosshead of the press or otherwise while the
heading of the said bar or rod is being effected. The shape of the hollow g is
such that a spherical head (marked in Figure 3) is formed on the bar by
operating on it in the die. Where the head is required to be flat it may be
flattened by hammering or pressing it while the metal is hot: After the head has
been formed the bar or rod is released from the die by driving out the taper
key d and turning up the part al of the die on the joint pin b.
An arrangement of apparatus suitable for use where the dies are required to be
forced over the bar or rod to form the head thereon is illustrated in Figures 4, 5
and 6 of the accompanying drawings which are views corresponding to those
shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3 with the exception that the die in Figure 5 is shown
in section taken on the line B Figure 4. In this arrangement the die a¹ a² is
capable of sliding endwise between the parts cd and the plunger / projects from
its holder only to such an extent that after the said plunger has been advanced
into the die sufficiently far to force a portion of the metal of the bar into the
hollow the holder of the said plunger bears_against-the-end-face-of-the die
when-the-further-action of the press forces the die over the bar until the said
hollow g is completely filled.
Where an enlargement is required to be formed on the bar at some distance
from the end thereof. I dispense with the plunger and secure the parts of the
bar projecting from the die the one to the ram of the press and the other to the
crosshead thereof at such distances from the end faces of the die as will admit of
the bar being forced into the die or of the die being forced over the bar to the
extent required to form the enlargement or at such distances as will admit of the
enlargement being partly formed by forcing the bar into the die and completed
by forcing the die over the bar.
Where the section of the rods or bars to be operated on is less than about one
half that of the heads to he formed on them I strengthen the plunger by forming

page_text: longitudinal ribs thereon as shown in Figures 7 and 8 of the accompanying drawings
which figures represent respectively a side view and a transverse section of a
plunger having formed on it longitudinal ribs marked ii. And I form recesses or
channels in the die for the ribs on the plunger to work in as illustrated in Figures 9
and 10 of the accompanying drawings in which figures the said recesses or channels
are marked In Figure 11 are shown a plunger and die thus formed with a
headed rod or bar engaged between them.
Dies having channels formed in them as illustrated in Figures 9 and 10 may be
advantageously used in cases where plungers without ribs are employed as the said
channels admit of the rods or bars being forced into the shaping hollows with less
expenditure of power than is otherwise required.
-
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that I claim :—.
First Producing enlargements on bars or rods at one operation by forcing
them into a die in the interior of which is a hollow of a shape the counterpart
of that of the required enlargement or by forcing such a die over or onto the bars
or rods or partly by one and partly by the other of these means substantially as
hereinbefore described.
Secondly Apparatus constructed and acting substantially as herein before
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings for use in producing
enlargements on bars or rods at one operation.
Dated the 22nd day of September 1891.
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicant.