Improvements in and relating to Apparatus for the Distribution and Burning of Fluid Hydrocarbons for Lighting and Heating Purposes.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Sept., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 5th June, 1894-Accepted, 11th Aug., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Apparatus for the Distribution
and Burning of Fluid Hydrocarbons for Lighting and Heating
Purposes.
1, JOHN MCLEOWNAN MCMURTRIE, of 21, Prince's Street, Pollokshields,
Glasgow, N.B., Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows.
--
My invention relates to apparatus for the distribution and burning of fluid hydro-
carbons for lighting and heating purposes.
66
My said invention comprises an improved method of providing for the combustion
of petroleum and other fluid hydrocarbons, by first vaporizing the said hydrocarbons
and then splitting up or cracking" the same so that they may be wholly or
partially converted into a permanent gas, or by first vaporizing and then super-
heating the liquid or liquids employed so as to obtain a dry gas. For this purpose,
I combine, with a vapor-burner or industrial lamp, a pipe or chamber which I term
a gasifier and which is connected with the vaporizing coil of the said burner or
lamp in such a manner that the vapor from the lower end of the said coil is
conducted into the gasifier, which is arranged above the said coil so that it will be
sufficiently heated to convert the vapor into a permanent gas, or into a dry super-
heated vapor.
My said invention also comprises improved means of regulating and controlling
the supply of air to vapor-burners or industrial lamps provided with an outer casing
surrounding the vaporizing coil and the burner.
My said invention also comprises an improved search-light lamp in which a vapor-
burner or industrial lamp is combined with a suitable lantern provided with
windows, or with a lens or lenses and with means for carrying off the heat generated
by the burning of the hydrocarbon, and for insulating or isolating the said windows,
lens or lenses from the heated parts of the lamp.
My said invention also comprises an improved method of providing for the
distribution or supply of the hydrocarbon to two or more vapor-burners or industrial
lamps from a central or main reservoir situated at any convenient distance from the
said burners or lamps.
:-
My said invention further comprises other improvements hereinafter mentioned.
In making a lamp or burner, according to my said invention, in which the hydro-
carbon is to be converted wholly or partially into a permanent gas before being
burnt, I find it advantageous to construct the said lamp or burner as follows, that is
to say provide an outer metal casing, open at the top and closed at the bottom,
air being admitted to the lower portion of the same, preferably through suitable
passages or apertures capable of being varied in area; in the upper end of the said
casing is arranged a vaporizing coil connected with a suitable supply pipe in such a
manner that the liquid hydrocarbon will enter the said coil at the upper or outer
end of the same; the lower or inner end of the said coil is turned up, and is
connected, by a pipe extending upward either inside or outside the coil, with a
gasifier consisting of one or more turns or coils of pipe or of a suitable chamber,
arranged a short distance from the open end of the casing so that a very hot part of
the flame will impinge against it. The said gasifier is connected with the burner
by a pipe extending downward either inside or outside the vaporizing coil; the said
burner being arranged at a suitable distance from the lower end of the coil, so as to
leave a space, which, with the aforesaid casing, serves as a mixing-chamber for the
gas and air. By constructing the apparatus in the manner above mentioned, the

page_text: upper part of the vaporizing coil which is most liable to be injured by the heat, is
protected against excessive heating by the cold liquid hydrocarbon entering at that
part. I find it sometimes advantageous to provide the gasifier with suitable
connections so that it may be readily renewed when necessary.
Instead of a coil I sometimes use a retort chamber with suitable connections for
the supply of oil thereto and to the gasifier.
Any tarry matter formed may be carried down to the burner to be burned along
with the gas.
If desired, the gas produced as above mentioned, may be run into a chamber of
large dimensions from which the said gas may be drawn to burn, the said chamber
serving to modify any irregularities of pressure and to form a reservoir for starting
the lamp; or the said gas may be conducted into the tank or reservoir containing
the oil, wherein it would serve two purposes, that is to say, it would exert pressure
on the surface of the oil and thus obviate the necessity for using the pump after the
lamp is in operation, and it would also serve as a store of gas to start the lamp or
to burn from directly. To control the supply of oil or air to the burner I use a
suitable valve or cock but preferably a two-way valve or cock, one port
communicating with the oil and the other with the air or gas.
The apparatus above described may be very advantageously employed as a
"steam lamp, in which case, the irregularities in burning and other disadvantages
incidental to the use of such lamps by reason of water or saturated vapor being
carried over into the burner by the steam, will be obviated, since the gasifier will
act as a superheater and ensure perfect dryness of the steam.
A convenient arrangement of the apparatus for this purpose, comprises two tanks,
one tank being the water-tank, which is provided with an air-pump, pressure-gauge
and the other usual accessories; the other tank preferably contains crude petroleum
and is provided with a pressure-gauge, filling-plug and other accessories; the
• spaces above the liquids in the two tanks are connected by means of a tube
provided with a cock or a reducing-valve or with both, so arranged that the
compressed air in the water-tank will communicate a suitable pressure to the
surface of the crude oil in the oil-tank, which oil will thus be forced up to
the burner through a suitable pipe connecting the bottom of the oil-tank with the
said burner, and preferably provided with a regulating cock or valve. If desired,
after the lamp has been started, the steam generated by the lamp may be employed
for forcing the water from the water-tank through the coils to the burner.
In some cases, I dispense with the water-tauk and accessories, if near water
supplied at a pressure by gravitation or otherwise. If the water so supplied is at
a suitable and uniform pressure, I attach the water-pipe directly to the coil, but if
the pressure be unsteady or too great, I provide a reducing-valve or pressure-
regulator on the said pipe; in this case the crude oil is led to the burner from the
oil-tank by gravitation or by compressed air or by other means.
In some cases, moreover, I prefer to supply the crude petroleum to the flame
from a perforated ring or other suitable discharging apparatus arranged a short
distance above the steam nozzle or orifice.
Instead of using water in the water-tank as in the "steam" lamp above described,
1 sometimes use refined or semi-refined oil, such as paraffin, petroleum or the like,
in which case the refined or semi-refined oil is vaporized or gasified and is burned
along with the crude oil.
In other cases, I lead the crude oil into a cup surrounding the nozzle from which
the gas is issuing.
I sometimes provide for regulating the supply of air to the burner in such
a manner that the area of the air passage or passages will not be sensibly altered
nor the action of the adjusting devices impaired by expansion and contraction due
to variations of temperature. My improved air-regulator consists of a door
arranged to slide on the casing and to cover or partially cover an aperture formed
in the side of the said casing; the said door is preferably formed so as to lie
concentrically within the casing and is provided with a screw-threaded stud or bolt

page_text: which is passed through a loose bar or sliding bridge-piece, in such a manner that
it may be clamped in any desired position by means of a nut provided with a
pinching-screw or a hand-lever. This arrangement allows the door to be readily
opened to any desired degree and to be secured so that it will be practically
air-tight when shut, whether the lamp is hot or cold.
My improved burner may, if desired, be made in small sizes capable of being
used for burning purposes, such as for burning off paint and the like, in which case,
I preferably form a handle on the pipe connecting the burner and the fuel-tank so
that the lamp may be conveniently handled, or the said lamp in a modified form
may be employed for lighting or for cooking or for other heating purposes.
In adapting my improved lamp for search-light or similar purposes, the body of
the lantern is made with an inner and an outer wall or casing, a space being left;
between the two walls or casings, which may either be employed for the passage of
a current of cold air or may be filled with a non-conducting material, such as
asbestos, or the like, or a combination of air-spaces and non-conducting material
may be employed. The bottom of the said lamp may either be perforated, or be
left open; in the latter case the lamp may be very readily adapted to street
lighting. The windows, lens or lenses are secured in any convenient manner in the
lantern and may be of any suitable construction, either one or more segments
or other pieces of glass being used as may be desired.
In some cases I find it advantageous to form the body or casing of small
diameter relatively to the size of the flame, and to remove the lens or lenses
therefrom by means of a tube which may be provided with a ring of perforations ;
or other suitable means may be adopted for protecting the lens or lenses from the
heat of the burner. The above-described lanterns are preferably provided with
suitable reflectors, doors and other accessories.
Oil may be supplied to the burner either by gravitation or from a tank by
air-pressure in the usual manner, the connections being made by means of flexible
tubing or in any other convenient manner.
For distributing oil to a number of vapour-burners or industrial lamps from
a central or main reservoir or supply station, I find it advantageous to provide
below each burner a small tank which is connected thereto in the usual manner, the
upper portion of the said tank being connected, preferably through a cock or back-
pressure valve, with a line of piping which is in communication with the main
reservoir or supply tank, the space above the fluid in this tank or reservoir being
filled with compressed air or other gas. The main line of piping may be put into
communication with either the top or the bottom of the said supply tank or
reservoir through a two-way cock, whereby either liquid hydrocarbon or compressed
air may be supplied to the said supplementary tanks. For example, when the
lamps are to be used, the supplementary tanks are put into communication with the
bottom of the reservoir and totally or partially filled with oil; the two-way cock is
then turned so as to put the upper space of the said tanks into communication with
the compressed air space in the main reservoir, and the lamps are lighted; in this
manner the whole of the lamps will be supplied from one reservoir, and should any
lamp get damaged or go out unobserved, the waste caused thereby will be kept
within limits, as each supplementary tank need only contain sufficient oil to supply
one lamp for the required period of lighting, and by means of the back-pressure
valve on each tank any damage to an individual tank will not interfere with the
general lighting.
It is obvious that the details of my improved apparatus may be somewhat
modified without departing from the nature of my said invention.
Dated the 5th day of September 1893.
D. YOUNG & Co.,
11 & 12, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Apparatus for the Distribution
and Burning of Fluid Hydrocarbons for Lighting and Heating
Purposes.
I, JOHN MCLEOWNAN MCMURTRIE, of 21, Prince's Street, Pollokshields,
Glasgow, N.B., Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described, and ascertained
in and by the following statement :―
My invention relates to apparatus for the distribution and burning of fluid
bydrocarbons for lighting and heating purposes.
My said invention comprises an improved method of providing for the combustion
of petroleum and other fluid hydrocarbons, by first. vaporizing the said hydrocarbons
and then splitting up or "cracking" the same so as to convert them wholly or partially
into a permanent gas or by first vaporizing the liquid hydrocarbon or water as the
case may be and then superheating the steam or other vapor, so as to obtain a dry
gas or vapor, and conducting such gas or vapor to the burner to be burnt either
alone or together with fluid hydrocarbon supplied directly to the burner.
For this purpose I combine, with a vapor or spray burner or industrial lamp, a
pipe or chamber which I term a gasifier or superheater and which is connected with
the vaporizing coil of the said burner or lamp in such a manner that the vapor from
the end of the said coil next the nozzle or burner is conducted into the gasifier or
superheater, which is arranged above the said coil so that it will be sufficiently
heated to convert the vapor into a permanent gas, or into a dry superheated vapor.
I sometimes use the said gasifier or superheater for superheating and drying or
converting into a permanent gas, steam which has been generated in the vaporizing
coil, the gas or dry steam being discharged from the burner together with liquid
hydrocarbon supplied directly thereto.
In other instances, I supply a liquid hydrocarbon directly to the burner, and at
the same time pass another volatile hydrocarbon through the vaporizing coil and
gasifier or superheater and conduct the gas or vapor thence to the burner where it
is burnt together with the hydrocarbon supplied directly to the burner.
The combination of the gasifier or superheater with the vaporizing coil and
burner in the manner herein described is an important feature of my said invention
as I am thereby enabled to obviate some of the defects or inconveniences met with
in industrial lamps as hitherto constructed.
My said invention also comprises an improved search-light lamp or projector in
which a vapor-burner or industrial lamp is combined with a suitable lantern provided
with a double casing and with one or more windows or lenses, and with means for
carrying off the heat generated by the burning of the hydrocarbon, and for insulating
or isolating the said windows or lenses from the heated parts of the lamp.
My said invention also comprises an improved method of providing for the
distribution or supply of the hydrocarbon to any desired number of vapor-burners
or industrial lamps from a central or main reservoir situated at any convenient
distance from the said burners or lamps.
My said invention further comprises other improvements hereinafter described.
In the accompanying drawing I have shown how my said invention may be
conveniently and advantageously carried into practice.
Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly in vertical central section, showing a vapor-
burner or industrial lamp with a gasifier or superheater applied thereto according to
my said invention.
Figure 2 is a section on the line x, x, Figure 1, and
Figure 3 a section
on
the line ². x². Figure 2. illustrating details of

page_text: Figure 4 is a side elevation of a burner-head showing another modification of
my invention.
Figure 5 is a side elevation of a portable lamp constructed according to my said
invention.
Figure 6 is a vertical central section, and
Figure 7 a section on the line 2, 2, Figure 6, showing a search-light projector
constructed according to my said invention.
Figure 8 is a vertical central section showing another modification of my improved
search-light projector.
Figure 9 is a diagram illustrating my improved method of providing for the
distribution of liquid hydrocarbon to vapor-burners or industrial lamps.
Like letters indicate corresponding parts throughout the drawing.
A is the outer metal casing of the burner-head, which casing is open at the top
and closed at the bottom, air being admitted to the interior of the same as herein-
after described. B is a vaporizing coil arranged in the upper part of the said
casing and connected at its upper or outer end with a supply pipe a for the water
or for the liquid hydrocarbon as the case may be, the end of the said coil next the
nozzle or burner being secured in a socket bin a casting c forming the bottom or
base of the burner-head. This socket is in communication through a suitable
passage in the said casting with another socket d, in which is secured a pipe e
extending upward outside the coil B to the gasifier or superheater C, which, in this
arrangement, consists of one or more turns or coils of pipe arranged a short distance
from the open end of the casing so that a very hot part of the flame will impinge
against it. The said gasifier or superheater is connected with the nozzle or
burner D by a pipe f extending downward outside the vaporizing coil B to a
socket 9 in the casting c, which socket is in communication, through a passage in
the said casting, with the said nozzle or burner, the latter being arranged at a
suitable distance from the lower end of the coil B, so as to leave within the
casing A, a mixing chamber for the gas or vapor and air. The gasifier or super-
heater C, being mounted in the sockets d and g independently of or without being
directly attached to the coil B, can be very readily removed and replaced or renewed
when necessary at a small cost; this mode of combining the vaporizing coil, the
gasifier or superheater and the burner also imparts great strength, rigidity and
durability to the apparatus. Moreover by connecting the top or outer end of the
vaporizing coil B with the supply pipe and the lower or inner end thereof with
the gasifier or superheater C, I obtain better results than heretofore in respect
of ensuring the vaporization of the liquid before it enters the gasifier or super-
heater.
g
I sometimes arrange an inner supplementary casing around the vaporizing
coil in such a manner as to leave an annular space between the said casing and the
outer casing A so that air for supporting combustion will pass downward between
the two casings.
In this manner the temperature of the air is raised as it is drawn
into the mixing chamber.
The nozzle or burner which I prefer to employ is made in the form of a metal
cup D, which is screwed into a seating in the casting and is provided at the
bottom with a central hole i which communicates through the passage j socket g
and pipe with the gasifier C. The burner D is so formed that, when screwed
into its seating in the casting c, it forms together therewith an annular chamber D¹
which is connected by passages c¹ in the said casting c, with a chamber k. The
said cup D is, moreover, provided with side orifices D' communicating with the
said annular chamber D', and through which liquid hydrocarbon may be drawn by
the action of the jet of steam or hydrocarbon vapor or gas issuing from the central
orifice i.
The burner-head shown in the drawing is connected with the stand pipe m and
with a pipe n by means of a tee-piece E formed with two passages m', n'. The
passage m is in communication directly with the stand-pipe m and through the
pipe a with the upper or outer end of the vaporizing coil B, whilst the passage n¹

page_text: is in communication directly with the pipe n and through the pipe k' with the
chamber k. To allow the burner-head to be inclined at any desired angle, the
pipes a and k¹ are connected to the tee-piece E by means of coned couplings adapted
to be locked in any desired position by means of caps or nuts E'.
If desired, the gasifier may be made in the form of an annular chamber or of
other convenient shape.
In some cases, I prefer that the pipe n should be in communication with a
perforated ring 1 or other suitable discharging device arranged a short distance
above the nozzle or burner D, and concentric therewith, as shown in Figure 4.
The burner-head, in this arrangement, is formed with a vaporizing coil B and
gasifier C as above described, but the tee-piece E is provided with a pipe k2 passing
through the casing A and connected with the perforated ring !. In this case the
burner D is made with a central orifice i but without the side openings above
referred to.
The pipes m and n communicate respectively with two tanks F and G preferably
arranged one within the other, suitable valves m², n³, being provided to control the
flow of the liquid therefrom. Each of the said tanks is provided with a filling-plug,
the inner tank F being also provided with an air-pump H whereby the liquid
therein may be put under pressure, this pressure or part of it being communicated
through a cock or valve or through a reducing valve to the surface of the liquid in
the tank G by means of an air pipe F' or other passage above the level of the
liquids in the said tanks. A pressure gauge J is provided and also a three-way
cock J whereby either of the tanks F, G may be connected therewith or with the
other tank.
The apparatus above described may be very advantageously employed as a steam
lamp, in which case the water is placed in the central tank F and is conducted through
the pipe m, the coil B and the gasifier C to the central orifice i of the burner D.
The liquid hydrocarbon is supplied from the tank G to the nozzle or burner D or to the
perforated ring 1 through the pipe n and the pipe k² or k² as the case may be, the
said liquid, in the former case, flowing or being drawn through the side orifices D'
into the cup D. By the use of the gasifier C in the manner above described, the
irregularities in burning and other disadvantages incidental to the use of such
lamps by reason of water or saturated vapor being carried over into the burner by
the steam, will be obviated, since the gasifier will act as a superheater and ensure
perfect dryness of the steam. If desired, after the lamp has been started, the
steam generated by the lamp may be employed for forcing the water from the
water-tank through the coils to the burner.
In cases where water supplied under pressure by gravitation or otherwise is
available, I dispense with the water tank and accessories. If the water so supplied
is at a suitable and uniform pressure, 1 attach the water-pipe directly to the coil B;
if, however, the pressure be unsteady or too great, I provide a reducing valve or
pressure-regulator on the said pipe; in this case the crude or other oil can be
supplied to the burner from the oil-tank by gravitation or by compressed air or
by other convenient means.
When my improved apparatus is to be used for heating purposes, I sometimes so
employ the same that the steam will be decomposed in the gasifier C. For instance
I allow but a small quantity of oil to flow to the burner: the gasifier C then gets
red hot the steam flowing through the same becomes decomposed into its elements,
and the gas and hydrocarbon vapour issuing from the burner and mixing with the
air, burns with a large flame of intense blow-pipe heat. By allowing more oil to
flow to the burner, I can tone down or diminish the heat of the flame as may be
.desired.
My improved apparatus can be advantageously used for heating boilers for the
generation of steam or for other purposes.
When my improved lamp is used with two oils, such as petroleum or other
refined or partially refined oil and furnace or other crude oil, the petroleum or the
like from the tank F follows the same course as the water in the "steam lamp,
"

page_text: and is wholly or partially converted in the gasifier C into a permanent gas, in
which state it passes along the pipe f and passage j to the central orifice i in the
burner. In the cup of the burner D the heated gases meet the oil from the tank G,.
which rises through the pipe n and enters the tee-piece E by the small side passage n¹
and passes through the orifices c', D' into the cup D. This oil is drawn into the
flame by the gases issuing from the central orifice and is burnt therewith.
If desired the gas produced as above mentioned may be run into a chamber of
large dimensions from which the said gas may be drawn to burn, the said chamber
serving to modify any irregularities of pressure and to form a reservoir for starting
the lamp. Or the said gas may be conducted into the tank or reservoir containing
the oil, wherein it would serve two purposes, that is to say, it would exert pressure
on the surface of the oil and thus obviate the necessity for using the pump after
the lamp is in operation, and it would also serve as a store of gas to start the lamp
or to burn from directly.
When my improved lamp is used with a single oil, such as petroleum, the
tee-piece E is dispensed with and the pipe n serves as the stand-pipe and also for
conducting the oil into the top of the vaporizing-coil B.
My improved burner may, if desired, be made in small sizes, as shown in Figure 5,
so as to be portable and capable of being used for lighting, heating or burning
purposes in which case, I preferably construct the burner to work with a single oil.
In the modification shown in Figure 5 I form a handle p on the flexible pipe n
connecting the burner with the fuel-tank F so that the lamp may be conveniently
handled, or the said lamp in a modified form may be employed for lighting or for
cooking or for other heating purposes.
In Figures 6 and 7 I have shown an arrangement whereby I am enabled to adapt
my improved lamp for search-light or similar purposes.
K is the body of the lantern in which my improved burner-head is fixed. The
said body is provided with an inner wall or casing K¹ around the burner and with
an outer casing or hood K2 on its upper surface, a space q being left between the
said walls or casings and the body K, which may either be employed for the
passage of a current of cold air or may be filled with a non-conducting material,
such as asbestos or the like, as in the arrangement shown in Figure 8, or a
combination of air-spaces and non-conducting material may be employed. The
bottom L of the said lantern is perforated, as in Figure 7, or, if desired, it may be
left open, in which case the lamp can be very readily adapted to street lighting.
M, M are the windows which consist of strips of glass held in position by means of
brackets M¹ so as to allow for the relative expansion and contraction of the parts.
The lantern K is, moreover, provided with a door N and reflector P.
If desired the lantern K may be provided with lenses, prisms or the like,
according to the purposes for which it is to be employed.
In Figure 8, I have shown another form or modification of my invention in which
the body K of the lantern is made of small diameter relatively to the size of the
flame, and the lens Q is removed therefrom by means of a tuber which is provided
with a circumferential series of perforations around the same for the purpose of
protecting the lens or lenses by insulating or isolating the same from the heat of
the flame or other suitable means may be adopted for this purpose. This lantern
is also preferably provided with suitable reflectors, doors and other accessories.
Oil may be supplied to the burner either by gravitation or from a tank by air-
pressure in the usual manner, the connections being made by means of flexible
tubing or in any other convenient manner.
In Figure 9, I have illustrated my improved method of providing for the
distribution of oil to a number of vapor or spray burners or industrial lamps from.
a central or main reservoir or supply station.
R is a central oil tank or main reservoir provided with a hand-pump H for-
producing an air-pressure on the surface of the liquid therein; if desired, however,
this pressure may be advantageously obtained by means of a pump driven by steam
or other power, or the said tank or reservoir may be arranged at a convenient.

page_text: height above the lamps to be supplied so that the distribution of the oil will be
effected by gravity. The said tank is also provided with a filling plug or valve H',
a pressure gauge J and other accessories such as level-indicators or the like. From
the said tank or reservoir extends a line of piping s connected with the several
lamps or burners as hereinafter described. Below each burner is provided a small
auxiliary or supplementary tank F2 which is connected thereto in the usual manner,
the upper portion of the said tank being connected, through a cock or back-pressure
valves with the line of piping above mentioned. The main line of piping s may
be put into communication with either the top or the bottom of the supply tank or
reservoir R through a two-way cock R', whereby either liquid hydrocarbon_or
compressed air may be supplied to the auxiliary or supplementary tanks F. For
example when the lamps are to be used, the supplementary tanks are put into
communication with the bottom of the reservoir R and are wholly or partially
filled with oil; the two-way cock R¹ is then turned so as to put the upper space of
the tanks F into communication with the compressed air space in the main
reservoir R and the lamps are lighted; in this manner the whole of the lamps can
be supplied from one reservoir, and should any lamp get damaged or go out
unobserved, the waste caused thereby will be kept within limits, as each supple-
mentary tank need only contain sufficient oil to supply one lamp for the required
period of lighting and, by reason of the back-pressure valve on each tank, any
damage to an individual tank will not interfere with the general lighting.
It is obvious that the details of my improved apparatus may be somewhat
modified without departing from the nature of my said invention.
It is evident, moreover, that I can, if desired, use compressed air instead of
steam in my improved apparatus, the air following the same course as the water
and steam through the two heating coils.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed 1 declare that what I
claim is :-
First. An apparatus for the burning of hydrocarbons for lighting or heating
purposes, in which suitable provision is made for supplying a fluid hydrocarbon to
a nozzle or burner, simultaneously with the supply thereto of a permanent gas or
dry vapor generated by passing water or fluid hydrocarbon first through a
vaporizing coil and then through a gasifier or superheater both of which are
heated by the flame from the said nozzle or burner, substantially as herein before
described.
Second. The herein described improved method of providing for the burning of
bydrocarbons for lighting or heating purposes, by passing water or fluid hydrocarbon
through a vaporizing coil to convert it into vapor and then passing the said vapor
from the end of the said coil next the nozzle or burner through a gasifier or
superheater and conducting the permanent gas or dry vapor thus generated to
the said nozzle or burner, and at the same time supplying fluid hydrocarbon
directly to the said nozzle or burner, substantially as hereinbefore described.
Third. The herein described improved method of providing for the burning of
bydrocarbons for lighting or heating purposes, by passing the fluid hydrocarbon
through a vaporizing coil and conducting the vapor from the end of the said coil
next the nozzle or burner through a gasifier or superheater and thence to the said
nozzle or burner, substantially as hereinbefore described.
Fourth. The combination of a nozzle or burner, a vaporizing coil connected with
a suitable supply pipe, a gasifier or superheater connected with the said nozzle or
burner and with the end of the said vaporizing coil next the said nozzle or burner,
with or without a supply pipe connected directly to the said nozzle or burner,
substantially as bereinbefore described.
Fifth. An apparatus for the burning of hydrocarbons, comprising a burner
formed with a cup which is provided with a central orifice and with side orifices
and which is secured in a seating so as to form therewith an annular chamber

page_text: which chamber is connected through orifices in the said seating with a supply pipe-
and through the said side orifices with the said cup, the central orifice thereof
being connected with a pipe or passage for the supply of gas or superheated vapor
to the said burner, substantially as herein before described.
Sixth. The combination of the vaporizing coil, the gasifier or superheater and
the burner, substantially as described with reference to the Figures 1 to 4 of the
drawing for the purposes specified.
Seventh. The improved apparatus constructed substantially as described with
reference to Figures 1, 2 and 3 or to Figure 4 or to Figure 5 of the drawing and
operating as and for the purposes above specified.
Eighth. The improved lamp or lighting apparatus constructed substantially as
described with reference to Figures 6 and 7 or to Figure 8 of the drawing, for use
as a search-light projector or for other purposes.
Ninth. The herein described method of providing for the distribution of fluid
hydrocarbon or compressed air or both to a series of vapor or spray burners or
industrial lamps, by means of a central or main tank or reservoir communicating
with supplementary tanks arranged to supply the several burners or lamps,
substantially as, and for the purposes hereinbefore described.
Tenth. The combination, with a main reservoir for fluid hydrocarbon and
compressed air, of a distributing pipe or conduit, auxiliary or supplementary tanks
connected therewith and with vapor or spray burners or industrial lamps, and
means for putting the said pipe or conduit into communication with the main.
reservoir either below or above the level of the liquid therein, substantially as, and
or the purposes above specified.
Dated the 5th day of June 1894
D. YOUNG & Co.,
11 & 12, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.