IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HOES, ADZES, AND SUCH LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Silas Duffield, of Willenhall Street, Darlaston, in the
County of Stafford, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF HOES, ADZES, AND SUCH LIKE ARTICLES."
Sealed the 3rd June 1879, and dated the 5th December 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Silas Duffield at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th December 1878.
SILAS DUFFIELD, of Willenhall Street, Darlaston, in the County of Stafford,
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HOES, ADZES, AND
SUCH LIKE ARTICLES."
My Invention consists principally in manufacturing hoes from one piece of
steel, or if of iron and steel, say, of each piece equivalent or suitable to form
a round or square section of, say, one inch; the bar may be of any suitable
length, and when the bed or die is formed of the shape of one side, and the
top die of the other, the steel or steel and iron bar being of a welding heat at the
end, is placed in the bed, and sufficiently powerful blows are struck by a steam
stamp by preference, and the hoe being formed, is then cut off and dressed or clipped
by a press and hardened at the same heat; the bar having been returned to the fire
the process is repeated,
The manufacture refers more particularly to hand hoes with eyes, but may be
used for other kinds; also, the section or form of the bar is not material.
Although I have described my Invention as being specially applicable to hoes, it
may be applied in like manner to adzes and such like articles.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Silas Duffield in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 4th June
1879.
SILAS DUFFIELD, of Willenhall Street, Darlaston, in the County of Stafford,
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HOES, ADZES, AND
SUCH LIKE ARTICLES."
My Invention consists principally in manufacturing hoes, adzes, and such like
articles from one piece of steel, or if of iron and steel, say, of each piece equivalent
or suitable to form a round or square section of, say, one inch. The bar may be of
any suitable length, and when the bed or die is formed of the shape of one side,
and the top die of the other, the steel or steel and iron bar being of a welding heat
at the end, is placed in the bed, and sufficiently powerful blows are struck by a
steam stamp by preference, and the hoe being formed, is then cut off and dressed or
clipped by a press, and hardened at the same heat; the bar having been returned
to the fire, the process is repeated.
The manufacture refers more particularly to hand hoes with eyes, but may be
used for other kinds; also, the section or form of the bar is not material.
I next proceed to describe my Invention with reference to the Drawings, and to
the figures and letters marked thereon.
Figure 1 is a plan view of an inverted top die to form a hoe, shewing a short
core a to form a part of the eye of a hoe, and a recess to receive the metal and form
one side of the hoe.
Figure 2 is a plan of the bottom dic, being a plane with a core b to form the
remainder of the eye and the other side of the hoe.
Figure 3 is a section through the centre of the dies.
Figure 4 shows the hoe in section through the centre of the eye, and Figure 5 is
a plan view.
The tools for clipping are of the form of the hoe, and consist of top and bottom
tools, which are acted upon by a screw, lever, eccentric, or other appliance.
In further explanation of my process of manufacture, I make, the hoes, adzes, or
other like articles in the manner following:-I heat the end of a bar of iron to a
suitable heat, and lay it upon the bottom die, shewn in Figure 2. If I require the
hoe or other like article made with steel edges or points, I now take the heated end
of a bar of steel, and lay it upon the extreme end of the heated part of the bar of
iron, and strike blows with the die shewn in Figure 1 (which is secured to a steam
stamp or press by preference, but I do not confine myself to any particular appli-
ance for administering the blows) sufficiently numerous and powerful to compress
the iron and steel, and thus fill up the spaces c, c, c; c, left in the dies shewn in
section Figure 3, and making the hoe as shewn in section Figure 4, and in plan
Figure 5, which I now detach from the remainder of the bar of iron or steel, and
remove from it the diaphragm d and the "frazing" of waste iron which has
escaped from the dies during the above process with clipping and punching tools.
The iron or steel hoe, or iron hoe with steel edge, being still sufficiently heated,
is if required immediately hardened.
In the event of my requiring the two edges or points of the article under
manipulation to be of steel, as in the case of an adze or pickaxe, I detach from an
iron bar a sufficiently large portion of iron to make that part of the tool which is
intended to be made of iron, which I weld to the end of a bar of steel. The portion
of iron, together with the end of the bar of steel to which it is attached being
heated, I now proceed as before described.
My Invention refers more particularly to the manufacture of implements with
eyes, such as hoes, adzes, pickaxes, and such like, but also applies to the manufacture
of the same implements without eyes.

page_text: Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same may be carried into effect, I wish it to be understood that I do not confine
myself to the exact form of dies shewn, or the number of cores on the dies, as one
core in the bottom die will, if required, form the eye, but what I claim is,-
Such improvements in the manufacture of hoes, adzes, and such like articles,
whereby from one piece of iron, steel, or one piece of iron and steel, I form the
implement required with or without the eye at one process, with or without steel
edge, edges, point, or points, substantially in the manner described and illustrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Silas Duffield, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Twenty ninth day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy nine.
Witness,
CHARLES SMITH.
SILAS DUFFIELD. (L.S.)