A Shorthand Typewriter.
Year: 1896

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A Shorthand Typewriter.
JOHN FRANKLIN HARDY, care of L.. H. de Friese, Broad Street House, Old Broad
Street, London, E.C. Typewriter Expert, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention relates to hand operated printing machines of that class which
includes typewriters and stenographic machines, and in which a succession of
different or differently located characters or marks may be impressed upon a sheet
or strip by the depression of different operating keys. The invention relates more
particularly to improvements in that class of such machines which is shown in a
prior application for a United States Patent Serial Number 557668 which was filed
by me in the United States Patent Office July 31st, 1895, wherein the printing
mechanism is so arranged as to effect automatically the printing of the copy in
successively transverse lines, reading from left to right of the sheet, without
requiring to be moved or shifted to give line spacing after the completion of each
line and before the beginning of the succeeding one, whereby the operator is
enabled to print a definite quantity of copy by continuous and uninterrupted
operation of the keys without requiring auy special movement whatever to
accomplish the line spacing. The invention is herein shown as applied to a
stenographic or shorthand machine having only a few keys, but some features of
the invention may be applied to typewriting machines of other kinds.
The invention consists in the matters hereinafter set forth and pointed out in the
appended claims.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figure 1 is a top or plan view of a stenographic machine, embodying my
invention.
Figure 2 is a side elevation thereof.
Figure 3 is a vertical cross section thereof taken on line 3-3 of Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a vertical section taken centrally through the machine on line 4-4 of
Figures 1 and 5.
Figure 5 is a transverse, vertical section, taken on line 5-5 of Figure 4.
Figure 6 is a detail section taken on line 6-6 of Figure 2.
Figure 7 is a perspective view of one of the printing bars.
Figure 8 is a perspective view of the revolving anvil shaft.
Figure 9 is a view showing a strip of paper with printed lines, such as will
be made by a machine of the kind shown.
Figure 10 is a side view of one of the inking ribbon shafts, showing devices for
securing the ribbon thereto.
Figure 11 is a perspective view of the end of the ribbon with its attaching
strip.
.
Figure 12 is a longitudinal section of the paper roller.
Figure 13 is a view showing a modified construction in the means for operating the
shifting anvils.

page_text: Figure 14 is a side view of the anvil-actuating shaft, shown in Figure 13.
In said drawings, A designates the base plate of the machine, and A', A vertically
arranged frame plates which rise from the side margins of the base plate and
support the main operative parts of the machine. The base plate A is shown as
provided with apertured flanges at its ends, which extend upwardly outside of and
support the end fmme plates.
A is a cross plate at the top of the side frame plates, which serves to rigidly
connect the same and also acts as a support or guide for the paper.
The machine is provided with a plurality of printing or type-bars B, B1, B2, etc.,
said bars and levers being herein shown as each made from a single piece of sheet
metal having its rear margins bent upwardly to constitute the printing-bar. The
parts of said plates which constitute the bars proper, in other words, have the form
of flanges on the rear margins of the sheet-metal levers; said flanges being bent at
an angle to the plates to give stiffness to the same. The said printing bars B, B',
etc., are provided each with a plurality of prongs b, b1, b2, etc., the extremities or
free ends of which form the type or printing surfaces of the bars. The ends of said
prongs may be shaped to forin any desired characters; but, as. herein, shown, the
same are made to print dots and dashes only and for this purpose their contact faces
are made of varying lengths, as clearly seen in Figure 5. In the machine shown
six printing bars are employed, and these are arranged in three groups, with the
several sets of prongs belonging to each group bent at such an angle as to be in
alignment with each other. The key levers C are provided at their forward ends
with keys or finger pieces c, which, in the instance shown, are formed by flat
extensions on the outer ends of the plates which constitute the key levers and
printing bars. Said key levers are mounted on pivot shafts C, C, etc., and the 1
rear parts thereof are made of a width practically equal to the full length of the
printing bars while the forward parts thereof, extending forwardly from the shafts,
are made relatively narrow to form forwardly projecting arms so shaped as to
bring the finger pieces, which form the key board in orderly relation and in
relative positions convenient for the fingers of the operator, as clearly seen in
Figure 1.
D indicates a revolving platen shaft, arranged above the several type bars and
carrying a series of movable platens or anvils d, d, which are arranged about the
shaft in spiral order and in such relation to the type bars that when the latter are
lifted by depression of one of the key levers one of the teeth thereof will strike
the anvil d which may at the time be in position to receive the blow of the type
or printing projection. Said anvils d, d, are arranged at equal intervals along the
shaft from end to end thereof and they reach once around the shaft, so that
inasmuch as the shaft is, as each key is struck, intermittingly turned a distance
sufficient to bring a new anvil into position for action, all of said anvils will be
brought separately and successively into action during one complete rotation of the
shaft.
The anvil-actuating shaft D, which will be hereinafter termed for convenience.
the "anvil-shaft," is mounted at ita ends in suitable bearings in the upper parts
of the frame-plates A and provision is made for giving rotary motion to said shaft.
by devices constructed as follows:-
E indicates a vertically movable universal bar, which is adapted to be actuated
by all of the type-levers through the medium of the prongs or projections F, F, F,
etc., which are formed on or attached to the ends of said bars in position to act upon
the said universal bar when each key is depressed, said universal bar being shown
as attached to and projecting latterally from a vertically swinging lever E¹ which is
pivoted to the inner face of the side-frame plate conveniently by engagement
with one of the key lever shafts or pivot rods c', (Figure 3). The said lever is extended
forward of its pivot and provided with a finger piece or key e, which is located at one
side of the keys and forms a space key, the depression of which feeds forward the
paper without printing any character thereon. The said universal bar E is shown
as arranged horizontally at a point about midway between the top and the bottom key

page_text: levers and the projections F,
F2, on the uppermost key-levers are shown as
extending downward from the said levers and as made of hooked form, with arms
extending beneath the universal bar, while the corresponding projections F, F, F,
on the three lowermost levers rise from the levers and act at their ends against
the lower surface of said bar. The lever E' is held at the downward limit of its
movement by a spring E2 which is herein shown as made of U-form with its central
bend engaging the pivot rod e, and having its lower arms provided with a hooked
end which engages said arm in the manner shown in the drawing, Figure 3, while
its upper arm is adapted to engage one of the notches in a vertically arranged rack
bar (Figure 5) which affords adjustment of the position of the arms of the
spring engaged therewith and thereby enables the tension of the spring to be
varied as desired. The universal bar E carries a pawl arm E, the upper end of which
engages the teeth of a ratchet wheel D¹ formed on one end of the anvil-shaft D,
(Figure 8). Said pawl arın E is shown as pivoted to the rear end of the lever E¹
by means of a pivot bolt e', and as held in engagement with the ratchet wheel DI
by means of a spring e. To limit the movement of the key levers when struck,
a device is provided consisting of a stationary, horizontal stop arm E³ which
projects inwardly from the side frame plate at the side of the machine opposite
that at which the universal bar E is located. Projections F F F are shown as
extending downwardly from the three upper key levers to engage the top of the stop
bar, while similar projections FF Finale of hook-form, project upwardly from
the lowermost three key levers and engage the upper surface of said stop bar.
These parts are so arranged that by the depression of any one of the key levers
the universal bar and pawl arin will be actuated to turn the shaft E through a distance
equal to the length of one of the ratchet teeth thereof,
The features above described constitute the main operative parts of the apparatus
embodying my invention, it being obvious that the anvil-shaft provided with
spirally arranged anvils will be turned as the keys are successively pressed, so as to
carry the printing points or types against said anvils as the latter are brought by the
turning of the shaft successively into position for the action of the types thereon.
The result is that impressions are made on the paper successively from left to right
as the anvil shaft is turned; the spiral line of anvils obviously constituting in effect a
plurality of moving or shifting anvils which are brought into position for making
impressions at a series of points moving from left to right across the paper and
thus serve to produce successive impressions on the paper from the contact faces
or types on the several type bars. It will, of course, be understood that each
typebar bears the same character which is repeated at intervals throughout the
length of the type-bar and are arranged at the same distance apart as the movable
anvils so that the same impression or character is made every time the type bar
is depressed, the position in which the character is printed on the paper being
changed by the movement of the shifting anvils against which the type bar acts,
so that the characters are printed one after another, with the same effect as is
obtained in an ordinary typewriting machine having a paper carriage.
As an improved means of pivotally supporting the key levers C, made of a single
piece of sheet metal, as described, the pivot shafts are mounted at their ends
in the side frame plates A', and are engaged with the levers by means of
oppositely bent or curved parts, e', e, in said levers, formed by making a plurality
of slots or slits e, c, and bending the metal outwardly in opposite directions at
either side of the slits as clearly seen in Figure 7. This construction affords the
necessary pivotal connection of the levers with the shaft without the necessity of any
machine work, such as boring, while at the same affording a cheap and simple
construction of the parts and one which is fully effective for the purpose. It
will of course be understood that the shafts are fitted closely within the opposite
parts or loops thus formed on the sheet metal key levers, and that the end of
said shafts turn in suitable bearing apertures in the side frame plates A'.
.In connection with the printing devices arranged as described, a paper feeding

page_text: device is employed which operates continuously during the movement of the type bars
and which feeds or advances the paper one step each time a character is printed. By the
use of such paper feeding device, in connection with the anvils which are so moved
or actuated as to be brought successively into position for printing, the lines of print
are made parallel with each other and extend across the paper in a direction oblique
to the side margins thereof, while the use of any special movement of the parts for
shifting or moving,the paper for producing the line feed is avoided. The devices
herein shown for giving movement to the paper as described are constructed as
follows:-
G, H are two feed rollers mounted above and below the path of the paper at the
rear of the platen shaft D, said feed rollers being mounted on shafts g and h which
extend through the side frame plates A¹ and engage suitable bearings in the same.
The upper feed roller is shown as engaging bearing slots a a which are open at their
upper ends to permit the insertion of said shaft. For holding the said feed rollers in
contact with each other suitably applied spring pressing devices are provided, that
herein shown consisting of contractile coiled springs which are provided with hooked
upper ends that engage grooves gl g¹ in the ends of said shaft and are attached at
their lower ends to the frame plate A¹ by means of studs a (Figures 1, 3).
actuating said feed rollers devices are provided as follows:-
For
The lower roller H only is driven in the machine shown, the upper roller consisting
merely of a pressure roller to hold the paper in contact with the lower or driven one.
The shaft of said roller projects outwardly beyond the said frame plate at one
side of the machine, preferably the right hand side, and upon the projecting end of
the shaft is secured a gear wheel I, which gear wheel intermeshes with a gear
pinion I secured to the end of the anvil shaft D which also projects outwardly
beyond the frame plate (Figures 1 and 8). The said anvil shaft being turned or
rotated intermittingly by the action of the several typebars, as hereinbefore
described, it follows that by the gearing which, connects the shaft-in-the manner
described, a step by step action will be transmitted to the feed rollers and the paper
will be advanced a short distance each time a key is pressed. The gear wheel I
being made much larger than the pinion I the advance movement of the paper will be
very slight for each impression so that the movement of the paper during the
printing of a line will be equal only to the desired distance between the two adjacent
lines, the result as far as the line spacing is concerned, being similar to that
illustrated in said prior application for patent hereinbefore referred to.
The machine herein shown is of that kind in which an inking ribbon is employed,
the same being located between the impression surfaces of the type bars and the
paper. The machine herein shown embraces a special construction in the ribbon
actuating devices by which the same are made to carry.a ribbon equal in width to
the full length of the anvil shaft and by which said ribbon is moved in a direction
transversely to said anvil shaft and the type bars.
J, K, are two shafts on which the ribbon is wound, and which are mounted
transversely of the frame, one at the rear and the other at the front of the anvil
shaft D. The.ribbon shaft J is shown as located below the level of the platen and in
the space at the rear of the several printing bars, while the ribbon shaft K is located
above the key levers. A guide rod J is preferably arranged on a level with the
bottom of the platen, at the rear of the same, over which rod the ribbon passes, and
which holds the same in position adjacent to the printing points; the ribbon
extending in a straight line and in an approximately horizontal position from the said
guide rod to the shaft K, as indicated by the line I in Figures 3 and 4.
Provision is made for giving rotary movement to one or the other of said ribbon
shafts to give the necessary ribbon feed, by devices constructed as follows: Said
shafts J and K are mounted on shafts and k, which have bearings in the side
plates A¹ of the frame and are extended at one side of the machine beyond their
bearings and are provided on the outside of the same with gear wheels J, K¹; the
same being herein shown as located at the right hand side of the frame.
An

page_text: intermediate gear wheel or idler M is mounted on a stud m between the wheels J1
and K¹ and intermeshes with both of said wheels, so that the same are turned in the
same direction and at the same speed.
Motion is given to said wheels J, K, by means of a pinion N attached to the
shaft h of the lower feed roller, which pinion intermeshes with the gear wheel J'. It
follows from this construction that the said gear wheels J and K', together with the
ribbon shafts J and K, will be moved or turned intermittingly as the keys are
operated, motion being derived from the universal bar and the rotary anvil shaft D
through the pinion 1, gear wheel I and shaft. H, as hereinbefore describel.
The gear wheels J and K¹ are not affixed to the shafts j and k but are so
mounted thereon that they may be either, secured to and thereby made to turn
with the shaft, or may be released therefrom and thereby made to turn on the
same as desired. For this purpose I employ the construction illustrated in Figure 6
which shows in detail the gear wheel K on the shaft K. In said figure the gear
wheel K¹ has a sleeve which fits over a reduced part of the stem on the
shaft, and a milled nut K is placed on the screw threaded outer end of said
stem, so that it may be turned on the stem in a manner to clamp the latter
against a shoulder 13 at the inner end of said stem and thereby hold the wheel from
turning with respect to the shaft. In the operation of the inachine, either one or
other of the wheels J¹, K', is secured to its shaft while the other wheel is free to
turn thereon; the result being that the ribbon will be wound on the shaft that is
positively driven by reason of the attachment of the gear wheel to the shaft, while
the other will turn freely on the shaft as the ribbon is withdrawn. It will be
readily understood from the above that when the ribbon has been wound entirely
on the shaft, it is merely necessary to loosen the gear wheel belonging to the filled
shaft and tighten the one belonging to the empty shaft, when the direction of the
motion of the ribbon will be reversed and the ribbon will be wound from the filled
shaft to the empty one.
It is obviously desirable that the inking ribbon should be capable of being easily.
disengaged from and attached to the ribbon shafts J and K. For this purpose I
have provided an improved attaching means constructed as follows:-
The ribbon shaft is provided with a longitudinal slot such as is indicated at 0
(Figure 10), which slot is made as a whole somewhat longer than the width of the
ribbon and wider or longer at one side of the shaft than at the other side thereof,
conveniently by making the end walls of the slot beveled, as clearly seen in
Figure 10. Attached to the end of the ribbon L (Figures 10 and 11) is a flat
metal fastening strip P the ends of which project a short distance from the side
walls of the ribbon, and which is adapted for insertion in the slot O of the shaft,
The said strip P is inade longer at its outer edge or margin p than at its inner
edge or margin pl, while its length is such that when inserted in the slot of the
ribbon shaft. its ends will engage the end surfaces of said slot. Conveniently and
preferably the ends of the said strip are bevelled, as indicated at p², so as to fit
against the correspondingly bevelled end faces of the slot, but this particular form.
of the ends of the fastening strip and slot is not essential, it being only necessary
that said parts should be so shaped that the ends of the strip will become engaged
or interlocked with the ends of the slot when the strip is inserted within the slot,
so as to afford a strong connection of the ribbon with the said shaft. The ribbon
may be secured to the fastening strip in any suitable manner, as for instance by
folding the ribbon over the strip and securing the folded end by cement to the body
of the ribbon. The same result will of course be produced by sewing the folded edge
of the ribbon to form a pocket to receive the strip.
A fastening strip arranged as described, may be easily inserted in the slot by first
thrusting one end of the strip through the slot in an angular position and then
shifting the ribbon sidewise until the opposite end of the strip is free to pass through
the slot, so as to bring both ends of the strip at the wider side of the slot, and then
drawing the ribbon backward through the slot so as to bring the fastening strip
within the same with its bevelled ends engaging the bevelled ends of the slot, in an

page_text: obvious manner. After the strip is thus inserted the shaft will of course present a
smooth or cylindrical exterior surface to receive the ribbon. The construction
described has the advantage of affording a very cheap and simple connection of the
ribbon with the ribbon shafts, and one which enables the parts to be quickly
and easily disengaged from and re-engaged with each other in removing and inserting
the ribbon.
Inasmuch as the fastening strip made as described is very cheap and easy to
construct ribbons provided with such strips may be manufactured and sold to the
user in condition for insertion in the machine.
I prefer to supply the paper for the machine in the form of a continuous strip or
roll as indicated at R, and I prefer to place said roll on a rotating cylinder S, which
is mounted at the rear of the machine behind the feed rollers G and H, so that the
strip may be drawn from said roll continuously by the action of the feed rollers.
an improved means of removably supporting the paper roll, so that it may be easily
removed from the machine, and at the same time will be held against turning with
sufficient, frictional resistance to keep the paper under a slight tension, I propose to
employ devices as follows:-
Said paper roller S is made hollow, and will be conveniently constructed of wood.
Attached to one end of the roller is a metal gudgeon, T, having the form of a plug
adapted to enter the central opening of the roller and provided with a shoulder t,
which bears against the end of the same, and also with a central conical recess t',
adapted to receive the conical end of one of the two supporting screws, U, which are
inserted through opposite frame plates A', (Figure 1). In the opposite end of the
paper roll is arranged a sliding spindle T", against the inner end of which acts a
coiled spring T, which is located within the central portion of the paper roll and
bears against the spindle in a manner to force the latter outwardly.
The sliding plug or spindle T is provided with a conical bearing aperture, t2,
which engages the conical end of the second pivot screw U. The sliding plug
arranged as described, obviously enables the roll to be easily and quickly removed
from the machine and replaced therein, a slight endwise movement of the roll
serving to thrust the spindle into the roll and freeing the opposite end of the roll, so
that the same may be carried outwardly away from the pivot, thereby releasing the
entire roll. A new roll with a new supply of paper will be inserted by a reverse
operation, in an obvious manner.
The gudgeon T, serves only as an abutment for the coiled spring, 1, and is used
simply for convenience of manufacture. It may be found more convenient to
dispense with this gudgeon or plug and bore the hole in the cylinder only part way
through its length in which case the spring will abut against the bottom of the hole
and the solid end of the cylinder will be countersunk sufficiently to receive the point
of the supporting screw, U.
Dated this 29th day of July 1896.
I, JOHN FRANKLIN HARDY of 1 Bedford Place, in the City of London, Gentleman, 4
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what inanner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention relates to hand-operated printing machines of that class which a
includes typewriters and stenographic machines, having a succession of different or
differently located characters or marks which may be impressed upon. the sheet or

page_text: strip by the depression of different operating keys. The invention relates more
particularly to improvements in that class of such machines wherein the printing
mechanism is so arranged as to effect automatically the printing of copy in successive
transverse lines reading from left to right of the sheet without requiring the sheet
to be moved or shifted to give line spacing after the completion of each line, and
before the beginning of the succeeding one; the operator being thus enabled by
continuous and uninterrupted opération of the key's to print a definite quantity of
copy without requiring any special movement whatever to accomplish the line
spacing. The invention is herein shown and more particularly described as applied
to a stenographic or short-hand machine, having only a few keys, but some features
of the invention may be applied to typewriting machines of other kind's.
In the accompanying drawings
Figure 1 is a plan of a stenographic machine 'embodying my invention, portions
being broken away for the sake of clearness.
Figure 2 is an elevation of one side of this machine.
Figure 3 is an elevation of the opposite side.
Figure 4 is a vertical section on the line 4-4 of Figure 1.
Figure 5 is a vertical section on the 'centre line 5-5 of Figures 1 and 6.
Figure 6 is a vertical section on line 6-6 of Figure 5.
Figure 7 is a section of a detail on the line 7-7 of Fig. 2.
Figure 8 is a perspective view of one of the printing bars.
Figure 9 is a perspective view of the revolving anvil-shaft.
Figure 10 is a view showing a strip of paper with printed lines such as will be
made by a machine of the kind shown.
Figure 11 is an elevation of one of the shafts carrying the inking ribbon, a part
being broken away to show the devices for securing the ribbon thereto.
Figure 12 is a perspective view of the end of the inking ribbon with its attaching
strip.
Figure 13 is a longitudinal section of the paper roller.
Figure 14 is a sectional view showing a modified construction.
Figure 15 is an elevation of the anvil actuating shaft shown in Fig. 14.
Figure 16 is a plan partly broken away of a modified construction of the machine.
Figure 17 is an elevation of the left hand end of the same with the side plate.
removed.
Figures 18 and 19 are diagrammatic sections on the lines 18-18 and 19-19
respectively of Fig. 16.
Figure 20 shows the preferred form of alphabet.
Like letters indicate like parts throughout the drawings.
A is the base plate of the machine, A¹ being vertical side frame plates which are
either formed as part of the base plate and turned up into the position shown, or are
firmly attached to the base plate in somé suitable inanner; these side plates A¹
support the main-opérative parts of the machine. A2 is a transverse plate serving to
rigidly connect the tops of the side frame plates and also act as a support or guide
for the paper.
The inachine is provided with a plurality of printing bars or type supports B and
key levers or bails C, these bars and levers being shown as each made from a single
piece of sheet metal, having its rear margin bent upwardly to constitute the printing
bar; the parts of these sheets which constitute the type supports proper, have in
other words the form of flanges on the rear margins of the metal bails or key levers,
these flanges being bent at an angle to the sheets to give stiffness to the latter. The
printing bars B are each provided with a plurality of prongs b, the extremities or free
ends of which form the type or printing surfaces of the bars. The ends of these
prongs may be shaped to form any desired characters, but in the machine shown they
are constructed to print dots and dashes only, their printing faces for this purpose
being made of various lengths as shown in Figure 6. In this machine six printing
bars are employed, and these are arranged in two groups with the several sets of
prong: belonging to each group bent at such an angle as to cause the characters upon

page_text: them to be impressed upon the paper in alignment with each other. The key levers CC
are provided at their forward end with keys or finger pieces c, which, in the
drawings are shown as formed by flat extensions on the outer ends of the sheets
constituting the bails and type supports. These bails are mounted on shafts C, and
have their rear parts made of a width substantially equal to the full length of the
printing bars, while their forward parts extending from the shafts are made relatively
narrow to form forwardly projecting arms, so shaped as to bring the finger pieces,
which constitute the key board, in orderly relation, and in positions convenient for
the fingers of the operators, as shown in Figure 1. The shalt C2 carrying the bails
are preferably mounted on pivot screws , which allow of adjustment to prevent
lateral movement.
A revolving platen or anvil-shaft. D is arranged above the several type bars, and
carries a series of anvils d arranged spirally about the shaft, in such relation to the
type bars that when the latter are lifted by depression key levers, one tooth of each
type bar will strike that anvil, which may at the time be in position to receive the
blow. The anvils d are placed at equal intervals along the sbatt from end to end, and
the spiral in which they are arranged reaches once round this shaft, the mechanism
being so arranged that as each key is struck the shaft is turned a sufficient distance
to bring a new anvil into position for action all the anvils being thus brought
separately and successively into action during one complete revolution of the shaft.
The anvil shaft D is mounted at its ends in suitable bearings in the upper parts of the
frame side plates A'; these bearings preferably take the form shown in Figure 3.
horizontal slot of sufficient size to admit of the passage of the bearing surface of the
shaft is cut in the side plate A', and into this slot is inserted a plug dž, shaped at one
end to fit the bearing, a wedge-shaped longitudinal slot being cut from the other end.
Holes are tapped in the thickness of the side plate from the top and through the
plug d² and into these holes screws d³ are inserted. By means of these screws the
plug may be adjusted and fixed, so as to take up any slackness in the bearing.
The anvil-shaft carries fixed to it at one end a small ratchet wheel -D¹, and at the
other end a small pinion D².
Rotation is imparted to the anvil-shaft D by means of the following device:-
A vertically movable "universal "bar E is adapted to be actuated by each of the
bails through the medium of the projections F, which are formed on or attached to
the bails so as to act upon the bar E when each key is depressed; this bar E is
attached to and projects laterally from a swinging lever E¹, which is pivotted to the
inner face of one side frame plate A¹ by a screw C. This lever is extended forward
from its pivot and provided with a finger piece or key e which is located at one side
of the keys c, and forms a space key, as its depression feeds forward the paper without
printing any character thereon, at the same time rotating the anvil roller. The
universal bar E is arranged horizontally at a point about midway between the top
and the bottom bails, the projections on the uppermost bails extend downward and
are made of hooked form with arms passing beneath the bar E, the corresponding
projections F on the three lowermost levere,, however, rise from the latter and act at
their ends against the lower surface of the bar E. The lever E¹ is held at the
downward limit of its movement by a spring E2 which is made of U-form with its
central bend engaging the screw C upon which the lever E¹ pivots; the lower arm
of this spring E is provided with a hooked end, which passes over and presses down
the lever E as shown in Figure 4, while the upper arm is adapted to engage one of
the notches in a, vertical rack bar E, Figure 6, which allows adjustment of the
position of the arm of the spring engaged therewith, and thus enables the tension of
the spring to be varied as desired. Pivotted by a pivot screw el to the rear end of
the lever E¹ which carries the bar E is a pawl E which engages the teeth of the
ratchet wheel D' carried by the anvil-shaft D. This pawl E is held in engagement
with the ratchet wheel D' by means of a spring e². These parts are so arranged that
by the depression of any one of the keys the universal bar E and pawl E will be
actuated to turn the shaft D through a distance equal to the length of one of the
satchet teeth of the wheel D¹.

page_text: To limit the movement of the bails when struck a device is provided consisting of
a stationary horizontal stop arm E', which projects inwardly from the side frame
plate A¹ at the side of the machine opposite that at which the bar E is located.
Projections F are formed on the hails, those of the upper three extending
downwardly to engage the top of the stop bar E, while those projections on the
lowermost bails are made of hooked form so as to also engage the upper surface of
the stop bar.
The features above described constitute the main operative parts of the apparatus
embodying my invention, the effect of which is that the anvil-shaft provided with
the spirally arranged anvils will be turned as the keys are successively pressed, so that
the printing points or types strike against the anvils as the latter are successively
brought into position. The result of this is that impressions are made on the paper
from left to right as the anvil-shaft is turned but after the impression has been made
by the type striking on the last anvil at the extreme right of the machine, the next
depression of the keys will cause the type to strike against the first anvil on the
extreme left of the machine, and so begin another line.
It will of course be understood that each type bar bears the same character
repeated at intervals throughout its length, these characters being so arranged at the
saine distance apart as the movable anvils, so that the same impression or character
is made every time the same key is depressed, the position in which the character is
printed on the paper being however changed by the movement of the anvils against
which the type bar acts, so that the characters are printed one after another with the
saine effect as is obtained with an ordinary typewriting machine having a paper
carriage. In connection with these printing arrangements a paper feeding device is
employed, which operates continuously during the movement of the bails, and feeds
or advances the paper step by step each time a character is printed. By the use of
such a paper feeding device in combination with anvils so inoved as to be brought
successively into position for printing, the lines of print are made parallel with each
other, and extend across the paper in a direction oblique and not at right angles to
the side margins thereof. The use of any special movement of the parts for shifting
or moving the paper for producing the line feed, is thus avoided.
A convenient means of pivotally supporting the bails C when they are each made
out of a single piece of sheet metal as above described, is to cut several slots or slits c³
in the metal forming the bails and bend the latter in opposite directions on 'either
side of the slits, and then pass the shaft C between these oppositely bent parts c¹²
the ends of the shaft C being mounted on pivot screws as above described. This
construction affords the necessary pivotal connection of the bails with the shaft
without the necessity of any inachine work, such as boring, while, at the same time,
affording a cheap and simple construction of the parts, and one which is fully
effective for the purpose. It will be understood that the shafts C fit closely within
the opposite parts or loops thus formed in the sheet metal bails.
The method of giving the above described movement to the paper is as follows:-
Two feed rollers G and H are mounted above and below the path of the paper
behind the anvil-shaft D. These feed rollers are mounted on shafts g h, which rests
in suitable bearings in the side frame plates A'.
The bearings of the upper feed roller G preferably rest in slots a, which are cut in
the side frame plates A', so that the roller G may be easily lifted out. The two feed.
rollers are maintained in contact with each other by suitably arranged springs,
preferably two coiled springs g', which are attached at one end to the side frame
plates A¹ and at their other ends to the removable roller G. Only the lower roller H
is driven by the machine, the upper roller G running loose, both being preferably.
covered with roughened rubber or other suitable material,
The shaft of the lower roller projects outwardly beyond the side frame plate
preferably on the right-hand side of the machine, and upon the projecting end of the
shaft is secured a gear wheel H', a small pinion H2 and on the extreme end a thumb-
nut H, The gear wheel H¹ engages with the pinion D2 upon the end of the
anvil-shaft D, which projects beyond the side frame plate, see Figs. 1 and 2. As the

page_text: anvil-shaft is intermittently rotated by the action of the keys in the manner above
described, it follows that by this gearing a step by step action is transmitted to the
feed rollers, and the paper is advanced a short distance each time a key is depressed.
The gear wheel H being made much larger than the pinion D, the advance of the
paper will consequently be very slight for each impression, so that the movement of
the paper during the printing of a line, will be only equal to the desired distance
between two adjacent lines. By means of the thumb-nut H³ the roller H can be
rotated when desired and the paper advanced or turned back.
The machine here described and illustrated is of that kind in. which an inking
ribbon is employed, this ribbon lying between the impression surface of the type bars
and the paper. This invention comprises a special construction in the ribbon
actuating devices by which the latter are made to carry a ribbon equal in width to
the full length of the anvil-shaft, and by which the ribbon is moved in a direction
transversely to the anvil-shaft and type bars. The ribbon is wound upon two shafts J
and K, which are mounted one before and one behind the anvil-shaft D and in the
space in the said frame plates A'. The shaft J is shown placed below the level of the
anvil-shaft and in the space at the rear of the printing bars, the shaft K being
located above the bails. A guide rod J is preferably arranged on a level with the
under surface of the anvil-shaft and behind the latter, the ribbon passing over this
rod which holds it in a position adjacent to the printing points. It will be thus seen
on reference to Figures 4 and 5 that the ribbon L extends in a straight line and in
an approximately horizontal position from the guide rod J to the under surface of
the shaft K.
Provision is made for giving rotary movement to one or the other of the ribbon
shafts by the following means:-
The shafts J and K are mounted in bearings in the side frame plates A¹ and are
extended at one side of the machine beyond their bearings, these extended portions
carrying gear wheels J K, the latter being shown in the accompanying drawings as
located on the right-hand side of the machine. An intermediate idler gear wheel M.
is mounted on a stud m between and engaging with the wheels J and K¹, so that
the latter are turned in the same direction, and at the same speed. Motion is
imparted to these three gear wheels by means of the pinion H' on the end of the
shaft A of the lower paper feed roller, this pinion engaging with the gear wheel J.
From this construction it will be seen that the gear wheels J and K receive
intermittent movement from the depression of the keys, causing the rotation of the
anvil-shaft with its pinion Ds and the gear wheel H2 engaging therewith. The gear
wheels J' and K' are not fixed on the shafts J and K, but are mounted loose thereon
in such a manner that they may be secured to and consequently made to turn with
their respective shafte, or be released and caused to run idle as desired. For this
purpose the construction illustrated in Figure 7 is employed, which shows in detail
the gear wheel K¹ on the shaft K. The gear wheel K¹ has a sleeve K2 forming
part of it, and fitting over a reduced part K3 of the shaft K. The end of this reduced
part K has a screw thread, and a flat K cut upon it. A non-rotatable washer K5 is
passed over the end of the shaft K outside the wheel K¹ and a milled nut K screwed
on; when this nut is tightened up the gear wheel K' is securely fixed and rotates
and carries the shaft K with it, the washer K preventing its working loose; on
slackening the nut K' the wheel K¹ runs loose. The wheel J is mounted on the ends
of the shaft J with a non-rotatable washer and nut in a similar manner. The ribbon is
wound upon the shafts in opposite directions, thus as shown in the drawings it is
being unwound from the shaft J passing from its upper surface to the under surface
of the shaft K.
In the operation of the machine either one or the other of the wheels J, K' is
secured to its shaft in the manner described, while the other wheel is free to turn
the result of this arrangement being that the ribbon is wound on the shaft that is
driven by reason of the attachment of its gear wheel to it, while the other shaft
turns freely as the ribbon is unrolled from it. It will be readily understood from the
above that when the ribbon has been entirely unwound from one shaft, it is merely

page_text: necessary to loosen the gear wheel, belonging to the shaft upon which it is wound, and
tighten the wheel belonging to the empty shaft, when the direction of motion of the
ribbon will be reversed, and the latter will be wound once more upon the empty shaft.
It is obviously desirable that the inking ribbon should be expable of being easily
disengaged from and attached to the shafts J and K, and that the latter should have
the ribbon so attached to them that it shall be drawn straight and evenly through the-
machine. To attain the above objects the ribbon shaft illustrated in Fig. 11. is
provided with a longitudinal slot O, which slot is made as a whole somewhat longer
than the width of the ribbon, but wider or longer at one side of the shaft than at the
other side, the ends of the slot being bevelled. Attached to the end of the ribbon L,
Fig. 12, is a flat metal strip P, the ends of which project a short distance from the
edges of the ribbon, and which is of such thickness as to be easily passed through the
slot O. The ends of this strip P are cut at such an angle or bevelled that after it has
been passed through the slot O the ends may engage with the bevelled ends of the
slot in the manner indicated in dotted lines in Figure 11. This particular form of
the end of the fastening strip and slot is not essential, it being only necessary that,
the part should be so shaped that the ends of the strip will become engaged or
interlocked with the ends of the slot when the strip is inserted within the latter so as
to form a strong connection of the ribbon with the shaft. The ribbon may be secured.
to the fastening strip in any suitable manner, as for instance by folding it over the
strip and securing the folded ends by cement to the body of the ribbon, or by sewing
the folded end of the ribbon so as to form a pocket to receive the strip. A fastening
strip arranged as described can be easily inserted in the slot by first thrusting one
end of the strip through the slot in an angular position, and then shifting the ribbon..
sideways until the opposite end of the strip is free to pass through the slot, so as to -
bring, both ends of the strip at the wider side of the slot afterwards drawing the
ribbon backward through the slot so as to bring the fastening strip out of the Intter
with its bevelled ends engaging the bevelled ends of the slot. After the strip is thus
inserted the shaft will present a smooth or cylindrical exterior surface upon which the
ribbon may be rolled.
The paper for the machine is preferably supplied in the form of a continuous strip
or roll R, which is placed upon a cylinder S. The latter is rotatably mounted at the
rear of the machine behind the feed rollers G and H, so that the strip may be drawn
from the roll by the rotation of these rollers. In order that the roll of paper may be
easily removed from the machine, and, at the same time be held against turning with
sufficient frictional resistance to keep the paper under slight tension, the roller S is
made hollow and conveniently constructed of wood; attached to one end of this roller
is a metal gudgeon T having the form of a plug adapted to enter the central opening.
of the roller, and provided with a shoulder which bears against the end of the latter,
and a. central conical recess for the reception of the conical end of one of the
supporting pivot screws U. These screws are inserted in the side frame plates A¹,
see Fig. 1. In the opposite end of the roll S is arranged a sliding spindle T against
the inner end of which acts a coiled spring T2, which lies in a central portion of the.
paper roll, and bears against the spindle in a manner tending to force the spindle
outwardly. The outer end of the sliding plug or spindle T is provided with a conical
bearing recess for the engagement of the conical end of the second pivot screw U.
The arrangement above described enables the roll to be easily and quickly removed
from the machine and replaced therein, a slight endwise movement of the roll serving
to thrust the sliding spindle inwards, and free the opposite end from the point of the
pivot screw, when the entire roll is released. A new roll from a fresh supply of paper
may be inserted by a reverse operation.
The gudgeon T serves only as an abutment for the coiled spring T and is used
simply for convenience of manufacture. It may be found more convenient to dispense
with this gudgeon or plug and bore the hole in the cylinder only part way through
its length, in which case, the spring will abut against the bottom of the hole, and
solid end of the cylinder will be countersunk sufficiently to receive, the point of the
supporting screw U.

page_text: In a modification the roller carrying the paper is made solid, only its ends being
slightly hollowed out. Metal caps are constructed to fit tightly over the ends of the
roller; each of these caps has a hole or indentation formed in the centre of its end, the
metal round this hole being cut so as to form a spring tongue or flap, which is slightly
bent outwards. One of these caps is fitted over each end of the roller, when the latter
may be sprung into place on the machine, the points of the pivot screws engaging the
central holes in the spring flaps; the hollows in the ends of the rollers beneath the
caps allowing for one of the points of the pivot screws which project on the inner side.
of the spring flaps.
In addition to the top device E' for limiting the downward movement of the bails
a stepped block W is preferably provided attached to a central plate in the frame A.
This block W is preferably circular in cross section though it may have any other
suitable shape, the number of steps in it, including the topmost, corresponding to
the number of bails; openings Care cut in the balls C the size of these openings
corresponding to the diameter of the block at a point just above the step upon which
the particular bail is to rest. To reduce the noise of operating the machine, upon the
upper surface of the steps of this block W lie loose rings or washers of felt or similar
material, that upon the topmost step being retained in position by a' pin W, which
projects through a corresponding opening in the top-most bail. The object of
allowing these felt washers to lie loosely on the steps of the block is to enable them to
move slightly of themselves as the machine is operated and so prevent them being
worn hard in any particular place. The upper surface of the bar E and under surface
of the universal har E may also be covered with felt or like material. In order to
facilitate the putting together of the machine in such a manner that any of the
several parts may be readily removed for renewal or repairs, the bearings of the
rotating parts are so arranged that the shafts or spindles may either be passed right
through one or the other of the side plates or may be lifted out without having
occasion to bend or move these side plates. The arrangements of the bearings of the
anvil-shaft. D with the removable plug d, of the-paper-roller S with the pivot-screw U,
of the bails C with their pivot-screws C, and of the paper-feed roller G in the slots d,
have already been described; in the bearings of the two ribbon shafts K and J and of
the other paper feed roller H, however, differ slightly from those of the other parts.
The end of the shaft h, carrying the roller H, which is to receive the gear wheel H
pinion H and thumb nut Hs, has a shoulder formed upon it and is slightly reduced in
diameter, the reduced part adjacent to the shoulder forming the bearing surface in
the right-hand frame plate of the machine, the left-hand end of the shaft & also has
a shoulder formed upon it and is slightly reduced in diameter, an opening of sufficient
size to admit of the passage of the whole roller being cut in the left-hand side frame
plate. To fix this roller in position it is inserted through the large opening in the
left-hand side frame plate and the reduced end intended to carry the gear wheel is
passed through the bearing in the right-hand side frame plate until the shoulder is
in contact with the inner surface of this plate, the gear wheel pinion and thumb nut
being then fixed in position, after which a bushing to form the bearing surface for
the other or left-hand end is screwed into the opening in the left-hand side plate,
through which the roller was passed. The shafts K and J, upon which the ribbon I
is wound, are arranged to be passed through the right-hand side frame plate in a
similar manner; the end of each shaft which is intended to rest in the bearing in the
left-hand side frame plate has a shoulder formed upon it and is slightly reduced in
diameter and passes into a corresponding opening formed in the frame plate; the
other end of the shaft is, however, of uniform diameter up to the point which projects
on the outside of the machine, where the shoulder and reduced portion are formed
for the reception of the gear wheel K'; to prevent endwise movement of the shaft n
collar K is fixed by a set screw npon the shaft K against the inner surface of the
right-hand side frame plate.
If desired to still further reduce noise caused by the operation of the machine and
also to form an improved striking surface for the type, the anvils carried by the
shaft D, may be covered with a thin film of rubber or other suitable material attached
as may be found, convenient.

page_text: In the modification illustrated in Figs. 14 and 15 the shaft D, instead of carrying
anvils against which the type strike, has tooth D of suitable shape arranged spirally
upon it in a manner similar to the arrangement of the anvils d; these teeth by the
rotation of the shaft D are brought one after the other against a row of swinging
anvils d suspended from a transverse shaft d over the type bars.E.
The anvils d' correspond in number to the number of teeth upon the shaft D, and
have small projections formed upon them which are normally kept in contact with
the surface of the roller D by the action of the springs d'; the striking surface of the
anvils when in this position being such that upon depressing one of the keys of the
instrument an impression will only be made upon the paper beneath one anvil at a
time, as they are successively pushed into position over the striking surface of the type
bars B, by the action of the teeth D as the shaft D rotates.
Rotation is imparted to the shaft D, in this modification by means of a ratchet
wheel upon its end and a pawl as in the previous case.
To render the keys C more pleasant to operate they may be covered if desired with
rubber c¹.
The hails C are so pivotted that they fall away from the anvils by gravity after
being depressed, the topmost hail, however, being almost balanced by reason of a
nearly equal amount of metal lying on either side of the pivot shaft, has a small
coiled spring e' provided, to assist its return to the normal position.
In a machine such as described above and illustrated in the accompanying drawings,
the paper is fed in at right angles to the axis of rotation of the anvil-shaft, the result
being, that the characters printed upon the paper run as shown in Fig. 10, slightly
obliquely, and not at right angles to the edges of the strip of paper; if desired to
rectify this, the paper carrying roll and feeding rollers may be arranged with their
axes at such an angle to that of the anvil shaft, that the obliquity of the lines of the
printing will be corrected, and the characters as impressed on the paper will run at
right angles to the path of the latter. To accomplish this slight structural alterations
will he required, such as the widening of the frame between the side frame plates A',
and suitable alterations in the cutting of the teeth of the gear wheels.
Another means for accomplishing this object, is to arrange the paper carrying roller
and feeding rollers, as shown in the necompanying drawings but to form the type
supports B, obliquely upon the bails C, the anvil-shaft D being arranged at a
corresponding angle to the path of the paper and parallel with the type support. In
this case the characters themselves are preferably arranged obliquely upon the type
support.
In the above description the anvils are described and illustrated, as arranged
spirally around and at equal intervals along the anvil-shaft D; so also the teeth D
are described and illustrated in Figs. 14 and 15, as being similarly arranged upon the
shaft D. It must however be understood that it may be found desirable to arrange
either the anvils or the teeth otherwise than spirally and at equal distances from
each other.
I am aware that it has been previously proposed to impart to the paper in a type
writer a step by step longitudinal movement by the operation of the keys; but in this
previous case the paper was attached to a cylindrical paper-carriage which received
both n rotary and endwise movement, in which the paper participated, whereas the
paper in my invention receives only one movement, this being longitudinal, and
inoreover I employ no paper-carriage.
In the form of machine illustrated in Figures 16 to 19 the construction and
arrangement of the parts are slightly modified for the purpose of condensing the
machine into a smaller and more portable shape. The operation of the parts however
is substantially the same as in the case of the machine described above. The main
difference lies in the construction of the type levers or bails; these in place of being
formed from flat sheets of metal in the manner shown in Figure 8 are made up of
strips of metal bent into a rectangle as shown partly in full lines and partly in dotted
lines in Figure 16. These flat strips Care either inade into a complete rectangle to
one side of which the keys c and type bars B are attached by rivetting or otherwise,

page_text: or the strips Care bent to form three sides of a rectangle, the fourth side being formed
by a sepirate strip of metal which is bent and cut to form the keys c and the
type bar B, this strip being rivetted or otherwise attached at its ends to the ends of
strip C. These bails Cas in the previous case are six in number and are arranged one
within the other in the manner clearly shown in Fig. 16. The method of pivotting
them is as follows:-A bar C' is placed across beneath the bails C and attached at its
ends to the side plates A'. The upper surface of this bar is bevelled off as shown in
Figures 17, 18 and 19 so as to form a central ridge or knife edge on which the
levers C may rock. This bar forms the fulcrum for the three inner levers Call of which
carry pins C which fit loosely into holes in the bar C, this arrangement retaining
the lever C in position. The outer three levers are similarly pivotted on a bar C
which lies across the top of the bails. This bar C8 is shaped similarly to C5; the
onter lever or bails C carry pins Co which engage loosely with the holes (10 in
the bar C. In order to hold up the levers C and keys c in such a position that the
type bare clear of the anvils d on the shaft D, small coiled springs C" are placed in
holes in the bar C beneath the outer three levers C and similarly in the bar C8 above
the inner three levers C. A transverse bar Y which may be covered with felt or
other material to deaden noise limits the upward movement of the bails.
The universal bar E preferably covered with felt carried on the spring-controlled
lever E lies beneath all the bails C so as to be operated. by each one of them in order
that rotary motion may be imparted to the anvil shaft D through the pawl E engaging
with the ratchet wheel D. Movement is imparted from the anvil shaft to the paper
feeding rollers and ink ribbon in the following manner :-A pinion D is mounted
upon the end of the anvil shaft, this pinion engages with an idler toothed wheel M
carried upon a stud m. Attached to the hub of this toothed wheel M is a pinion M¹
which engages with a tooth wheel H on the shaft h of the paper feeding roller.
Upon the opposite end of this shaft h is mounted a pinion H2 which engages with a large
toothed wheel J¹ carried upon a short sleeve and mounted upon the end of the ribbon
shaft J. This sleeve carries a pinion J which engages with a toothed wheel K¹
mounted upon the end of the second ribbon roller K. The sleeve carrying the
toothed wheel J' and pinion J2 and also the toothed wheel K' are mounted upon the
ends of their respective shafts J and K in a manner similar to that described above
and illustrated in detail in Figure 7 in order to enable one or other of the shafts J
and K'to be positively rotated for the purpose of reversing the movement of the ink
ribbon. The course of the ink ribbon L. and paper R is clearly indicated in
Figure 17; a plate X is arranged in the centre of the machine in the opening in the
centre of the bails in order to direct the course of the paper out of the machine.
The paper feed roller G which as in the previous case is only rotated by friction has
its ends carried in the notches in the ends of slots formed in the side plates, being
there retained by springs in the manner similar to that previously described. In this
construction of machine this paper feeding roller G is put in and removed from
underneath as also is the paper feed roller S. Transverse grooves are cut in bars C
and C8 in order to allow clearance for the movement of the inner and outer levers or
bails C respectively.
The alphabet which I prefer to use is made up of dot and dash symbols, one of
which when employed by itself denotes a space between the words or letters, but
when employed in conjunction with the other symbols represents letters. The
symbols are preferably six in number and in order to condense the space occupied by
them, are arranged to be printed in two lines as shown in Fig. 20. It is to be noticed
that to facilitate rending the long dash on the upper line is shown as being divided
into two short parts while the dot on the lower line is duplicated.
By the utilization of a mark to indicate a space between words and letters and also
in conjunction with the other symbols it is possible to double the number
of combinations of the symbols which have hitherto been available with typewriters of
this description where five symbols were employed, without increasing the number of
keys as the space key has not previously been used otherwise than to separate words
and letters. In the "six-key" machine described above and illustrated in the

page_text: accompanying drawings, the broad uppermost key clearly seen in Fig. 1 is intended
to be used as the space key, but it will be understood that either of the other keys
may be so utilized if preferred.
It is obvious that the alphabet may be made up differently from that shown in
Figure 20, but I have found this a convenient form.
If desired the face of the anvils may be recessed and the type so shaped as to
einboss the letters of the Braillé alphabet for the blind, the ribbon of course being in
this case discarded.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A typewriter having a row of similar characters capable of being impressed
against anvils or hammers successively presented before their printing surfaces.
2. In a typewriter the combination with a row of similar characters of a rotatable
shaft with anvils arranged upon it.
3. In a typewriter the combination with a row of similar characters of a row of
swinging anvils or hammers and a rotatable shaft with teeth arranged upon it.
4. In a typewriter in which characters are printed in transverse lines, passing the
paper through the machine by a continual step by step longitudinal movement
imparted by the movement of the keys.
5. In a typewriter the combination with a row of similar characters capable of being
impressed against anvils or hammers successively presented before their printing
surfaces, of mechanism for passing the paper through the machine by a continual
step by step longitudinal movement, imparted by the movement of the keys.
6. In a typewriter the combination with a row of similar characters of a rotatable
shaft with anvils arranged upon it and mechinism for passing the paper through the
machine by a continual step by step longitudinal movement imparted by the
movement of the keys.
7. In a typewriter the combination with a row of similar characters, of a row of
swinging anvils or hammers, a rotatable shaft with teeth arranged upon it, and
mechanism for passing the paper through the machine by a continual step by step
longitudinal movement imparted by the movement of the keys.
8. A typewriter having similar characters arranged in one or more rows otherwise
than at right angles to the path of the paper as it passes through the machine.
9. A typewriter having similar characters arranged in one or more rows otherwise
than at right angles to the path of the paper as it passes through the machine, these
characters being impressed against anvils or hammers successively presented before
their printing surfaces.
10. A typewriter having similar characters arranged in one or more rows and a
rotatable shaft with anvils arranged upon it both the row or rows of characters and
the rotatable shaft being arranged otherwise than at right angles to the path of the
paper as it passes through the machine.
11. A typewriter having similar characters arranged in one or more rows, a row of
swinging anvils or hammers and a rotatable shaft with teeth arranged upon it, the
rows of characters and anvils or hammers and the rotatable shaft being arranged
otherwise than at right angles to the path of the paper as it passes through The
machine.
12. In a typewriter the combination with similar characters arranged in one or
more rows otherwise than at right angles to the path of the paper, of mechanism for
passing the paper through the machine by a continual step by step longitudinal
movement imparted by the movement of the keys.
13. In a typewriter having a row of similar characters capable of being impressed
against anvils or hammers successively presented before their printing surfaces,
passing the paper through the machine otherwise than at right angles to the row of
characters.
14. An inking ribbon provided at each end wirh a fastening, strip which projects
beyond the side margins of the ribbon-and-is longer at its outer than at its inner edge

page_text: 15. In a typewriter attaching the inking ribbon to the rollers by. fastening-strips
which project beyond the side margins of the ribbon and are longer at their outer
than at their inner edges, these strips engaging with slots in the rollers.
16. A hollow paper-carrying roller having one end closed and a spring actuated
spindle sliding within the roller and projecting from the other end.
17. In a typewriter the combination with paper feed rollers of a hollow
paper-carrying roller having one end closed and a spring actuated spindle sliding
within the roller and projecting from the other end.
18. In a typewriter the combination with bails such as C, of type bars such as B,
shaft D with anvils arranged spirally upon it and a ratchet wheel D¹ at one end, a
spring controlled pawl E and a universal bar such as E substantially as described and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
19. In a typewriter the combination with bails such as C, of type bars B, swinging
anvils such as d shaft D with teeth arranged spirally upon it and a ratchet wheel at
one end, a spring controlled pawl and a universal bar substantially as described and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
20. In a typewriter the combination with bails such as, C, and type bars such
as B, of a stepped block W with washers substantially as and for the purpose described
and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
21. In a typewriter the combination with inking ribbon rollers such as JK, of
gear wheels J K¹ non-rotatable washers and thumb nuts mounted upon the ends of
these rollers and idler gear wheel M substantially as and for the purpose described and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
22. The combination with a typewriter of bails C substantially as described and
illustrated in Figure 8 of the accompanying drawings.
23. The combination with a typewriter of a rotatable anvil shaft substantially
as described and illustrated in Figure 9 of the accompanying drawings.
24. The combination with a typewriter of a rotatable shaft having teeth arranged
upon it, substantially as described and illustrated in Figure 10 of the accompanying
drawings.
25. In a typewriter the combination with an inking ribbon L, of a strip such
as P and roller K'with slot such as O substantially as and for the purpose described
and illustrated in Figures 11 and 12 of the accompanying drawings..
26. The combination with a typewriter of a paper carrying roller substantially as and
for the purpose described and illustrated in Figure 13 of the accompanying drawings.
27. In a shorthand typewriting instrument the employment of a key whose symbol
can be used either in conjunction with one of the other keys in the formation of
letter symbols or as a space indicator.
.
.
"
28. In a shorthand typewriting instrument the combination with keys for printing
symbols to represent letters, of a key which prints a separate sign available for use as
a space mark and also in conjunction with the other symbols to represent further letters.
29. In an alphabet composed of dot and dash symbols, for the above described
shorthand typewriting instrument, the employment of one of the symbols both as a
space mark and also in conjunction with the other symbols.
30. In an alphabet for a shorthand typewriting instrument arranging dot and dash
symbols in double lines, substantially as and for the purpose described.
31. The alphabet for the above described "six key" shorthand typewriting
instrument substantially as described and illustrated in Figure 20 of the
accompanying drawings.
32. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting the complete
typewriting instruinent, operating substantially as described and illustrated in
Figures 1 to 6 or Figures 16 to 19 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 28th dor of Anril 1897
J. T. HARDY.
Boult & Wade,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: "
*, in, any, never
s, is, his,
4, it, take
4, will, willing
, for, favor
, am, may, hin
<, can
., as, has
=
$1
=
, a, an, and
-up, hope
o,of, opportunity"
d, would
..
nt, nd, not, hand
st, sd, is it, satisfy-satisfactory-
satisfaction
Ir, contract-ed, true, truth
bl, able-y, believe-f-ed
fr, ur, very
ins, ms, had
ca, cm, come, country
.x, that
*g, thing
pl, please, pleasure
pr, principle, principal-ly
==px, bn, been, combine-ed-ation
tk, they, them
g, give, together
gy, great
⚫ 4, he
=
SIN, Sn, soon, some
.., you
=
, it will, tell, till
v, have
wo, we, with
=
vl, f, fill, feel, fall
wh when initial;
tive or tively, final.
what, as a word sign
br, before, re-member-ed
ch, which, change = c, call, equal-ly
".. b, be, object
_., large, advant
age
sk, wish, she
9, to
-
y, your
_ dr, thr, there,
their, they are
gt, gd, get. good
str, should
ct, cd, could
=..intr-entr-undr when initial,
tion, when final:
shall, as a word 'sign
</, self, sell, sale
tn, da, then
ds, this
bt, pt, put, particular-ly
-m, preceded by an initial
• vowel;
sive-ly, when final:
our, as a word sign