IMPROVEMENTS IN LITHOGRAPHIC PRESSES
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Cole, of High Street, Marylebone, in
the County of Middlesex, Licensed Victualler, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LITHOGRAPHIC PRESSES."
Sealed the 9th July 1866, and dated the 18th January 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Cole at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
January 1866.
I, FREDERICK COLE, of High Street, Marylebone, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Licensed Victualler, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LITHOGRAPHIC PRESSES," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in the combination of parts constituting a
lithographic press, whereby great facilities are offered for producing impres-
sions from a lithographic stone while the impressing parts are moving in both
directions over the stone. For this purpose I employ a roller to impart the
pressure in taking the impressions; this roller I mount in bearings raised
from one end of a horizontal frame fitted between guides on the bed of the
machine. An upright frame is raised from one end of the horizontal frame
which bridges over the machine from side to side immediately above the
roller; this upright frame is in height about the same as the length of the
bed. In side view this frame is of an L-shape (which is of course in dupli-
cate, one being disposed on each side of the bed), the pressing roller being
pivotted at the angle; the horizontal limbs of the frame are rather longer
than the bed, and are united at the opposite end from the roller by a cross tye.
At one end of this machine I dispose a winch drum, to which I attach webs

page_text: or chains; the one is connected to the cross tye above mentioned, while the
other is carried over a pulley and towards the opposite end of the horizontal
frame; one of these webs or chains winds on the winch roller in the one
direction, while the other winds in the opposite direction. By rotating the
winch alternately in opposite directions the pressing roller will be traversed
alternately in opposite directions over the lithographic stone placed on the
bed of the machine. A plate or surface is disposed above the roller between
the upright frames, on which I dispose a greater or less weight as may be
required to produce the impression. The upright bridge frame is employed
40 carry a roller, over which a cord passes; this cord is united to a tympan
of leather passing under the pressing roller (between it and the stone),
forming an endless belt-like connection. As the roller passes to and fro it
rolls over the tympan, which being suspended at either end by the cord over
the pulley before mentioned is kept constantly raised from the stone, except
where it is immediately under the pressing roller. By this means impressions
may be taken while the roller is passing in the one direction or the other,
the operator having merely to ink the surface, to apply and remove the paper,
which with a boy to drive he can readily perform, and will be enabled to
throw off a great number of impressions in a short time. A table is provided
at either end of the bed, whose surfaces are level with the stone, and on
which the pressing roller lands at each traverse. Instead of the long hori-
zontal frames employed I sometimes dispense with it, and mount the pressing
roller between the uprights of the bridge frame, a sufficient length of base being
provided to make it steady and guide it between the rebates or grooves in the
bed. I lead chains or webs in opposite directions from this travelling frame
to turning pullies at each end of the frame, then pass them under the bed to
a winch roller disposed in mid length; by rotating the winch roller alternately
in opposite directions the required movements will be imparted to the pressing
Instead of driving
roller; the other parts of the machine are as before.
the press by hand, as described, I sometimes apply steam power to work it
intervals as desired.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Frederick Cole in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
18th July 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL. COME, I, FREDERICK 3
COLE,
of High Street, Marylebone, in the County of Middlesex, Licensed
Victualler, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of January, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Frederick Cole, Her special licence that I, the
said Frederick Cole, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Frederick Cole, executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
" IMPROVEMENTS IN LITHOGRAPHIC PRESSES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Frederick Cole, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said. Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months. next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick Cole, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed, and
to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
:-
My improvements consist in the combination of parts constituting a litho-
graphic press, whereby great facilities are offered for producing impressions
from a lithographic stone by the motion of the impressing parts,. and while
the impressing parts are moving in both directions over the stone. For this
purpose I employ a roller to impart the pressure in taking the impression;
this roller I mount in bearings raised from one end of a horizontal frame
fitted between guides on the bed of the machine. An upright frame is raised
from one end of the horizontal frame wbich bridges over the machine from
side to side immediately above the roller; this upright frame is in height of
about the same as the length of the bed. In side view this frame is of an
L-shape (which is of course in duplicate, one being on each side of the bed,
the pressing roller being pivotted at the angle; the horizontal limbs of the
frame are rather longer than the bed, and are united by a cross tie at the end
opposite from the roller. At one end of the machine I dispose a winch drum,
to which I attach webs or chains; the one is connected to the cross tie
above mentioned, while the other is carried over a pulley and towards the

page_text: opposite end of the horizontal frame; one of these webs or chains winds on
the winch roller in the one direction, while the other winds on in the opposite
direction. By rotating the winch alternately in opposite directions the
pressing roller will be traversed alternately in opposite directions over the
lithographic stone placed on the bed of the machine. A surface or box is
disposed above the roller between the upright frames, on which I disposé a
greater or less weight as may be required to produce the impression. The
upright bridge frame is employed to carry a roller, over which a cord passes';
this cord is united to a tympan of leather passing under the roller (between
it and the stone), forming an endless belt-like communication. As the roller
passes to and fro it rolls over the tympan, which being suspended at either
end by the cord over the pulley before mentioned is kept constantly raised
from the stone, except where it is immediately under the pressing roller. By
this means impressions may be taken while the roller is passing in the one
direction or the other, the operator having merely to ink the surface, to apply
and remove the paper, which with a boy to drive he can readily perform, and
will be enabled to throw off a great number of impressions in a short time.
A table or surface is provided at either end, whose surfaces are level with the
Instead of
stone, and on which the pressing roller lands at each traverse.
the long horizontal frame employed I sometimes dispense with it, and mount
the pressing roller between the uprights of the bridge frame, a sufficient
length of base being provided to make it steady and guide it between rebates
or grooves in the bed. I lead chains or webs in opposite directions from this
travelling frame to turning pullies at each end of the frame, then pass
them under the bed to a winch roller disposed at mid length, or in other
position; by rotating the winch roller alternately in opposite directions the
required movements will be imparted to the pressing roller; the other parts of
the machine are as before. Instead of driving the press by hand, as described,
I sometimes apply steam power to work it continuously or at intervals, as
desired; or it may be actuated by a treadle.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 represents a side view, Figure 2 a plan, and Figure 3
section of a lithographic press constructed according to my Invention.
cross
a, a, is a suitable framework of wood or other material to carry the bed b
for the support of the stone c, from which the lithographic impressions are to
be taken; d, d, are surfaces or tables placed on the bed b in continuation of
the surface of the stone c, they being regulated at a level therewith, and on
which the pressing roller may continue its traverse.
These surfaces d, d, may

page_text: be packed up or adjusted by set screws in the bed according to the thickness
of the lithographic stone. e, e, is the L-frame, before mentioned, in which
the pressing roller f is fitted in suitable bearings; the horizontal part e¹ of this
frame lies between ledges 9, 9, raised from the bed b, which form guides for
said frame in its traverse to and fro; the two sides of said frame e', e, are
connected by a cross tie h at the extreme end, and by the weight box or
surface i, i, at the other, from which the vertical and bridge part e, e, is raised.
The frame e, e', rests on the roller f at one end and on the brackets k at
the other, but bears nowhere else throughout its length otherwise than side-
ways between its guides 9, 9. It will be observed in the cross section,
Figure 3, that between the stone c, tables d, d, and the guide ledges 9, 9,
there are channels for the reception of the frame e', e', on the one side
sufficient room for the frame e¹ to pass without touching the stone or parts d,
while on the other more space is provided for the reception of one of the
working chains. This will be the limit of the extreme breadth of the stone,
but which may of course be narrower. The lithographic impressions are
taken by the traversing of the roller f to and fro over the stone c; this traverse
is produced by two chains 1 and m. The chain is fixed at one end to the
extreme end of the frame e', e', or cross tie, while its other end is wound on
and fixed to the roller p fitted in bearings on the frame a, while the one end
of chain m is similarly wound on and fixed to roller p, but wound on in an
opposite direction to that of 1; this chain is conducted thence over a turning
pulley g, and back to the eye r, where it is fixed to the frame e¹, e¹, near the
roller f, the one chain being disposed at the one side of the machine, and the
other at the other side. The chain roller p is furnished with a winch handle 2¹;
motion imparted to the roller p causes the frame e, e¹, and pressing roller f, to
be traversed on the bed in a direction according to the direction of motion
imparted to the chain roller p, and by reversing the motion of roller P it
traverses back and forth on the bed and stone, and two impressions may be
produced, the roller f carrying the weight of the frame e, e¹, and load in box i,
and bearing on the stone c with a pressure in proportion to the weight it has
to sustain. This pressure is of course regulated according to the size of the
stone and the nature of the impression that has to be taken from it, and may
be varied at will by adding to or reducing the weight in box i. S, S,
is a
tympan of leather, which passes under the roller f, its ends being held up by
a cord or strap t passing over a roller u supported from the upper part of
bridge frame e.. When the stone c is applied the parts d, d, are adjusted in.
height and brought close up to the stone, so as to be level and in contact with
it, as before mentioned, screws v, v, being fitted in slides or slots passing

page_text: through the bed. The stone c may be inked precisely as in ordinary, and the
sheet of paper or other material on which the impression is to be taken
applied to it, the roller f and frame e, e¹, is then traversed from the position
shown dotted at one end to the dotted position shown at the other, during
which it traverses over the stone and takes the impression; the stone is inked,
paper applied, and the roller f traversed in the opposite direction, and another
impression taken, and so on.
Figures 4, 5, and 6 represent a side elevation, plan, and section of a
modified arrangement of the lithographic press according to my Invention. In
this case I have dispensed with the tympan and the long horizontal guiding
frame e', e', and have substituted two impression rollers on which the weighted
box is carried, the second roller besides acting as an additional pressing
roller prevents the box i tilting up, and therefore acts as a substitute for the
frame e, e. All the other parts of the machine are the same as that before
described, excepting the chains, which are somewhat differently arranged,
both chains l, m, being led from the barrel p over turning pullies to eyes v¹, v¹,
fixed in the weighted roller box i; the motion of traversing the pressing roller
backwards and forwards is the same in every respect. The weighted box rests
by the roller bearings on the pressing rollers f,f, which both traverse and
bear on the stone c and surfaces d, d, the box being guided by four feet-like
projections w, w, w, which move between the guides 9 before mentioned, but
In this
do not otherwise touch or rest on the grooves in which they move.
machine there is no tympan, and the paper or other material to receive the
impression is simply placed on the stone after inking it, and the rollers
traversed over it, as before described, and on to the landing d at one end,
when the stone is again inked and paper applied, and the rollers traversed in
the opposite direction, and another impression taken, and so on at each
traverse of the machine. Instead of a weighted box, as before described, the
tension of springs may be employed to give the pressure of the pressing
roller or rollers on the stone. For this purpose I furnish the feet w, w, with
lateral projections, which take under the slide guides, and so keep the roller
frames forcibly down to the bed to give the pressure. I fit the bearings of
the rollers in vertical slides in their frames, and apply springs to exert a
pressure on the roller bearings to give the required pressure of the roller on
the lithograph stone. Instead of the direct pressure of springs such pressure
may be transmitted through and-multiplied by levers, but I prefer simple
gravitation, which may be increased or diminished by simply adding to or
subtracting weight from the box i.
Having described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of per-

page_text: forming the same, I declare that what I claim as my Invention to be protected
by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the construction and
arrangement of lithographic presses in which a roller or rollers traversing to
and fro over a lithograph stone is employed in taking impressions while the
said roller or rollers is or are traversing in one or both directions, all as
berein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said. Frederick Cole, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
Witness,
W. CLARK,
Patent Agent,
53, Chancery Lane,
London.
F. COLE. (L.S.)