matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHIC PORTRAITS, PICTURES, OR REPRESENTATIONS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
February 1867. A communication from abroad by Adolphe Guillaume
Larauza, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR TAKING
PHOTOGRAPHIC PORTRAITS, PICTURES, OR REPRESENTATIONS," to be as follows:-
The portrait or picture to be produced according to the present Invention
the Inventor proposes to call the periscopical portrait or photographic statuette,
and consists of a portrait showing the back and the front of the person
photographed. To accomplish this the portrait must be taken from two sides,
and the pictures produced on paper are to be stuck together at the edges,
but leaving the bottom open.
The operation is effected in the following manner :-The person to be
photographed is placed on a turntable which has two stops, one exactly opposite
the other; let them be called A and B. When the platform turns and the
point A takes the place of the point the B turntable has made a complete
half circle, so that if a person be placed in the centre and caused to turn
round with the turntable he will first be seen from the front and afterwards
from behind. If, therefore, photographic representations of the back and front
of a person be taken they will form two exact halves which may be placed
back to back. In order to make the statuette perfect after the edges of the:

page_text: two portraits have been stuck together it should be expanded by introducing
a piece of wood or a plate of glass, iron, or cardboard of a convenient size
into the interior. The moveable turntable is of the greatest importance
during the operation, as on account of its ease and facility of movement it will
allow the sitter to remain perfectly still and motionless, and by the arrangement
of the stops two views of the sitter exactly opposite may be obtained. A kind
of kiosque which is employed is a kind of necessary adjunct to the photo-
graphic statuette, and helps to complete the illusion; it is composed of four,
five, or more looking glasses placed in connection with each other, and may
be ornamented with gilding, sculpture, or in any other suitable manner. Any
desired number of glasses and any particular form or size may be employed,
and these may be varied ad libitum. In this kiosque is placed the photo-
graphic statuette made in the way described, and all the appearance of a
perfect statue in the round will be given.
AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF SOAP
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philibert Dumont at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, -on the 16th
September 1867.-A communication from abroad by Achille Louis
Sabather Alfred Bizet and Louis Francois Joseph Lecat, both of No. 11
Place Saint Jacques, Compiègne, in the Empire of France.
I, PHILIBERT DUMONT, of No 14, Coronation Place, Stoke Newington
Road, in the County of Middlesex, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF SOAP,' to be as
follows:-
The soap forming the subject of this Invention, and which I call mineral
soap, is composed of potash of commerce, animal fat, cocoa-nut oil, river
water, carbonate of potash, and fine sand, which I prefer to mix in the
following proportions for every 100 kilogrammes :-
1. Potash of commerce
2. Animal fat
3. Cocoa-nut oil
-
-
6 kilogrammes.
22
do.
-
2
do.
4. River water
5. Carbonate of potash
6. Fine sand
-
gr.
9.950 do.
"
50 do.
-
60
do.
Total
-
100 kilogrammes.

page_text: The potash, animal fat, cocoa-nut oil, and river water are treated with
steam in order to have a compound which may be prepared beforehand
and kept in the state of cakes or slabs until required for use.
In order to manufacture the soap the compound is dissolved by means of
steam, adding thereto in order to facilitate such dissolution 50 grammes of
carbonate of potash for a quantity equal to that above indicated. When the
solution is perfect it is withdrawn from the action of the steam and the sand
is added to it, care being taken to stir continually in order to effect a perfect
mixture and prevent the sand from being precipitated, and when the mass
has attained (either by the addition of sand or by cooling) the consistency of
paste it is run into moulds.
This soap is especially applicable to the cleaning and washing of stuffs and
linen, to the cleaning of engines and machinery, household utensils, and other
articles of metal, wood, stone, and marble, also oil paintings, floorings, oil-
cloths, and pavement.
Although especially applicable to the purposes above named, this soap may
be employed with advantage for the toilet mixed with any kind of perfumes,
and may be made of any forms and colors.
AN IMPROVED PLOUGH
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Puddefoot at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st July
1867.
I, MICHAEL PUDDEFOOT, of Greenwich, in the County of Kent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PLOUGH," to be as
follows (that is to say):-
My Invention has reference to "An Improved Plough" for facilitating the
cultivation of land by giving to the plough beam a short bend or shoulder near
the middle of the furrow a few inches in front of the mould board so as to
reach an inch or two over the unploughed land, and leaving room for a wheel
to pass between the beam and mould board along the furrow, a hole being
formed in the beam towards the hinder part of the mould board for the
axletree. One handle is fixed to the mould board in like manner to the
share, and the other together with the colter to the beam for light land,
employing for heavy work a strengthening bar and brace connecting the
front of the beam, axletree, and mould board; the said axletree is passed
through the beam at one end, and the bar, brace, and mould board through the
other; or otherwise two small wheels fixed to the beam are also to be employed
on wet or boggy land, as also irons similar to colters for breaking the clods before
the colter comes to the next furrow, and for preventing the fall or flying off
of the plough in connection with which a drill is employed for sowing the seed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ENVELOPES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leon Foinquinos at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th March.
1867.
I, LEON FOINQUINOS, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Printer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ENVELOPES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has, first, for object to facilitate the opening of envelopes
and to obviate their damaging or disfigurement on being opened, so that the
postal marks thereon or any writing or other inscription on the flap or other
part of the envelope, externally or internally, will not be defaced or destroyed,
objects which are of desirability and importance for legal, judicial, commercial,
business, or other purposes.
The Invention has further for object to permit of the preservation intact of
seals, monograms, stamps, or the like, marked or stamped on or attached to
the envelope. For these purposes 1 punch, perforate, or otherwise form a
number of very small holes in a row along the folded edge at the top of the
envelope or flap intended to form the closing part of the envelope, such row
of perforations or holes extending from end to end of such edge and being in
close proximity to each other; or the said holes or perforations may be on
any of the other folded edges of the envelope instead of or in addition to the
top folded edge; or such row of holes or perforations may be at some part of

page_text: the envelope or flap other than the edge in order to effect the said object, as,
for example, a little above the seal, monogram, or closure. By combining
punches or perforating appliances with ordinary machinery for manufacturing
or ordinary apparatus for stamping envelopes, the perforations may be
produced in the operations of manufacture or stamping.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPH POSTS, ALSO APPLICABLE TO SHIPS' MASTS AND POSTS OR SUPPORTS FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Paul Haenlein, Joseph Fisher, and
Rowland George Fisher, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 6th May 1867.
We, PAUL HAENLEIN, JOSEPH FISHER, and ROWLAND GEORGE FISHER, all
of No. 17, Great George Street, Westminster, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TELEGRAPH POSTS, ALSO APPLICABLE TO SHIPS' MASTS AND POSTS OR SUPPORTS FOR
OTHER PURPOSES."
Our Invention has reference to posts or supports for telegraph line wires and
for other purposes, such as ships' masts and signal posts, constructed of wrought
iron or steel and of a tubular form; such tubular supports have heretofore been
made either of tubes of solid metal, or they have been built up of separate
parts so as to form an open or trellis work tubular structure.
Now our present improvements consist in constructing such posts or sup-
ports of wrought iron or steel tubes, in the surface of which openings or
perforations are formed by punching out portions of the metal, so as to pro-
duce an open or trelliswork structure, combining the strength of the solid
tubular form with even greater lightness than is attainable with 'the open
structure built up of separate parts, while the expense of manufacture is
reduced considerably below that of either of these. For this purpose we
prepare the sheet of metal previous to its being bent into the tubular form,

page_text: by punching holes of any required dimensions and form into it, and we then
bend it into the tubular form, and either rivet or weld up the longitudinal.
joint. Posts may be made either of one single length of such perforated tubing
or of two or more lengths joined together, the lower end of the upper length
being formed to fit correctly over the upper end of the lower length, and the
two parts may or may not then be rivetted, bolted, or keyed together. The
part of the post inserted into the ground may either be part of the perforated
tube, in which case we prefer not to perforate such imbedded part, or it may
be a separate cast-iron tube fixed thereto. The base of the post may be
formed of a cast or wrought iron buckled or corrugated plate, by preference
of an oval form, or it may consist of arms formed of sheet metal with angle
or iron strengthening pieces rivetted or bolted to the post, or any other
known form of base may be employed. Such perforated tubular posts may
be either of a circular, elliptical, square, or polygonal transverse sectional
form.
Besides the before-mentioned advantages of strength, lightness, and sim-
plicity of structure, such posts could be made more elegant in appearance
than those now employed, and every part thereof would be readily accessible
for galvanizing and examination.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF CANDLES, AND IN THE MOULDS OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Field at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th December
1867..
I, HENRY FIELD, of Tulse Hill, in the County of Surrey, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF CANDLES, AND IN THE MOULDS OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN,
to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to make candles so that they will fit several
sized sockets.
My Invention consists in forming the candles at their lower ends of two or
more diameters, that is to say I make the lowest section of the candle, for say
3rd of an inch, more or less, of one diameter; the next section of the candle
immediately above that, for say of an inch, more or less, of a larger diameter,
and so on if desired for one or more other sections of still larger diameter.
The sections may be fluted, serrated, corrugated, or plain, or their periphery
may be polygonal. Or instead of making sections each of which is of larger
diameter than that below it, I form several projections in a horizontal line
on the lowest section of the candle, then several more prominent projections
on the next section in another horizontal line, and so on for projections of
greater prominence on one or more other horizontal lines if desired. Or the

page_text: lowest section may be plain and the first set of projections be formed on the
next section. By means of my Invention the candle has a bearing in the
socket for the whole height of the section or projections. which correspond
in diameter with the socket, whereas in candles with tapered ends the bearing
is very slight..
My Invention also consists in the construction of the moulds or apparatus
for moulding the candles before described: The moulds are shaped internally
to correspond with the shape of the end of the candles. The mould beds for
manufacturing the enlarged ends of two rows of these candles. I make of four-
longitudinal parts, the two outer, of which when the moulded. candles are to be
removed are lifted by handles or otherwise to the two sides respectively of the
apparatus, while the two. inner parts are placed one upon the other in the
middle of the apparatus. The two outer parts are preferably larger than the
two inner. This mode of constructing and working the mould beds also, applies
to moulding other candles with enlarged ends..
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SLIDE VALVE GEAR FOR STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Milner at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th March 1867.
I, JOHN MILNER, of No. 18, Buckingham Street, Strand, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SLIDE VALVE GEAR FOR STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
I employ a "link" similar to the one commonly known as the "stationary
link," being supported and also connected with the slide rod in the manner
usually adopted, but in place of actuating the same by means of two excentrics
and their rods I employ one excentric, crank, or crank pin, the position of
which upon the engine shaft is diametrically opposite to the crank of the
engine. The link is formed with an arm or projection, the extremity of which
constitutes the excentric strap or crank coupling, the centre of which strap or
coupling is a point lying in a line perpendicular to the ourve of the link at its
centre. By this arrangement the rotary motion of the shaft causes such a
vibrating and at the same time advancing and receding motion to be imparted
to the link that the connecting rod to the slide valve will be correctly actuated
thereby, so as to cause the slide valve to open to steam and cut off correctly
at different parts of the stroke according to the position of the end of the
connecting rod in the link.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BUTTER
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Henry Cradock Monckton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th January 1867.
I, EDWARD HENRY CRADOCK MONCKTON, of 111, Summer Hill, Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BUTTER," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist, firstly, in curdling milk, fresh or otherwise, by
means of rennet, as in cheese making, or by any other suitable method, as by
an acid, as vinegar, whey, the acid juice of plants with or without the addition
of coloring matter, as anotto; the curdled milk is then churned in the usual
manner, observing the same temperature.
Secondly, in the addition of flavorings, such as benzoic acid, nitric ether,
the essential oils, and essences to the milk prior to churning, or to cream prior
to churning, or to the butter itself after being churned, which also preserves
it from turning rancid.
Thirdly, in the addition of a small proportion of the purest oils, such as
almond, olive, or poppy oil.
Fourthly, I make medicated butter thus, for example, I combine cod liver
and other oils with butter and impart a pleasant flavour to it, by which means
patients are enabled to take disagreeable medicines unconsciously.
Fifthly, I prepare several sorts of butter for kitchen use; thus one sort is
prepared for pastry by the addition to the fresh butter of small proportions of
suet, lard, oils, salt, and soda with coloring and flavoring, such as cinnamon

page_text: oil; and another sort is made by combining butter with suet, lard, fat, oils,
salt, pepper, coloring and flavorings, such as parsley, for basting and frying
The proportions are a mere matter of taste, and are varied to suit the
particular purpose for which the butter is required; the additions may also be
made to the curds when churned.
Lastly, I use ordinary vessels, open or closed, heated by steam or hot water
for melting, purifying, and mixing my butters, fats, oils, and other ingredients;
I use also the ordinary chocolate mill for blending together my materials, and
also the ordinary clay mills with rotatory knives, such as are adapted to both
mixing the clay and forcing it out for the same purpose.
I further use ordinary sieves and strainers for passing the ingredients
through, and ordinary hydraulic machines for compressing my butters; I
claim no novelty in the construction of any of these machines, but only their
novel application to the purposes of butter making.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SWEEPING CARPETS, FLOORS, & SURFACES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Leake Worth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th April
1867.
I, SAMUEL LEAKE WORTH, of 293, Oxford St., in the County of Middlesex,
Brush Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SWEEPING CARPETS, FLOORS, & SURFACES," to be
as follows:-
My improved apparatus consists of a revolving brush placed in a case with a
cover; at each end of the brush I place a grooved wheel covered with india-
rubber or other material; I drive this brush with friction wheels covered with
india-rubber or other material, which are placed at the back & front of the
brush, the diameters of which gear into the wheels at each end of the brush
roller; these pressing on the carpet or floor cause them to revolve in a forward
& backward direction, thereby sweeping the carpet or floor perfectly without
raising the dust.
In order to remove the brush from the case I place a piece of india-rubber
or spring in a hollow in the centre of the roller of the brush, and by pressing
the pin on the outside of the case the spring gives way and allows the brush
to be removed or replaced.
What I claim is the mode of driving the brush by friction wheels to work
backward & forward, also the mode of taking out the brush, and the general
arrangement.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DISTRIBUTING GAS FOR HEATING AND LIGHTING
Year: 1867

page_text: I, RICHARD WATSON, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Fireproof
Safe Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DISTRIBUTING GAS FOR HEATING AND LIGHTING,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to distributing gas for heating and lighting to places
at a distance from gas works. For this purpose I erect at or in com-
munication with gas works a strong metallic vessel, called by me the container.
By a pump or a series of pumps, the one delivering into the other, or by water
pressure, or other means I force or compress gas into the said container and
maintain a high pressure therein. A number of taps or valves are fitted into
the said container through which the high pressure gas is delivered into
portable vessels called by me the distributing vessels. The distributing vessels
are those which are filled from the container and are carried to the places
where the gas is required; they are made of metal of a cylindrical or other
suitable shape, and are provided with taps or valves and connections
corresponding to those on the container, so that they can be easily and quickly
coupled on to and disconnected therefrom. Lamps to which the said . dis-
tributing vessels are connected at the place where the gas is to be burnt, or
the said vessels themselves are fitted with means for controlling or cutting
down the pressure to a proper burning point, and such means consist in fitting

page_text: into a small vessel in the delivery pipe, or in an enlarged part of the delivery
pipe, sponge or other poroùs and compressible material. The gas in its
passage to the burner by first coming into contact. with one side of the said
sponge or other material compresses it and reduces the area of the openings
therein more or less in proportion to the pressure, and so allows at all times
only the required quantity to pass to make proper combustion. Should the
sponge or other material not be sufficient to cut down the pressure low enough
an ordinary gas burner or an intercepting diaphragm with a small opening
therein can be inserted in the delivery pipe between the distributing vessel
and the sponge or other material to assist in reducing such pressure. In
cases where the distributing vessels employed are large and unwieldy I
deliver the gas into smaller portable vessels fitted with taps and burners of
such a size that they can be carried about by hand.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GILDING, BRONZING, AND COLOURING ENGRAVED, EMBOSSED, AND CUT GLASS, AND ALL OTHER KINDS OF GLASS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Hugh Hughes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st January 1867.
I, EDWARD HUGH HUGHES, of No. 124, St. John's Street, Clerkenwell, in
the County of Middlesex, Gilder and Embosser on China and Glass, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GILDING,
BRONZING, AND COLOURING ENGRAVED, EMBOSSED, AND CUT GLASS, AND ALL OTHER
KINDS OF GLASS," to be as follows:-
The mode of bronzing is to mix the bronze with varnish and lay a coat of
the mixed bronze and varnish over the design on the glass, it is then allowed
to remain for a few minutes, when with a soft brush or cotton wool as much
bronze or powder as it will take is dusted on it; the bronze is then taken off*
the surface by a palette knife, leaving only the design, which appears a raised
gold design, and being below the surface will last for years.
For gold leaf or powder a coat of gold size is laid on over the design on the
glass embossed, engraved, or cut; the gold leaf or powder is then put on and
afterwards a coat of varnish over the gold; the gold is then taken off the
surface, leaving only the design gilt, which being below the surface cannot
wear off like gilding on a surface.
For colouring the colours are mixed with varnish or hard drying oil, and
the paint so mixed is laid over the design on embossed, engraved, and cut
glass, and afterwards all surplus colour is removed, leaving the design only,

page_text: The mode of enamel colouring is by laying a coat of oil over the design
engraved on glass, embossed on glass, and cut on glass, then putting on some
finely sifted colour with a soft brush or cotton wool; the surplus colour on the
glass is easily removed by a palette knife or the finger, leaving the design
embossed, engraved, or cut on the glass coloured, which is then ready to be
burned in.
In gilding the glass the gold is prepared with mercury ground fine and
mixed with oil; a coat of it is then laid over the design; the surface gold is
then scraped off with a palette knife, leaving the gold in the design which is
below the surface ready to be burned in.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CORES USED IN CASTING METALLIC PIPES OR TUBES OF A CURVED OR CYPHON FORM
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL,SPECIFICATION left by Joshua Antill, George Grimes, and
Henry Charles Tunks at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 14th September 1867.
We, JOSHUA ANTILL, of York Road, Wandsworth, GEORGE GRIMES,
Commercial Road, Lambeth, both in the County of Surrey, Plasterers,
HENRY CHARLES TUNKS, Christchurch Street, Chelsea, County of Middlesex,
Modeller, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CORES USED IN CASTING METALLIC PIPES OR TUBES
OF A CURVED OR CYPHON FORM," to be as follows, that is to say:
Our Invention consists in forming a core upon which to cast metallic cyphon.
pipes or tubes having such like outlines or curved shapes. Hitherto in casting
metallic pipes having complicated curved outlines for cyphons and such like
purposes the great difficulty has been to get the core withdrawn from the pipe
after casting. Our Invention consists in forming the cores of such a material
that they may be easily broken to pieces and removed from the interior. after
the casting is completed. The substance we make use of is the ordinary plaster
of Paris, which we mix up with hair, cotton, or any other animal or vegetable
fibrous material in order to bind and strengthen it.. Having mixed the plaster
with such fibrous material the core is then formed according to pattern, and

page_text: on this the casting is made; after the casting is completed the core is with-
drawn by breaking it up into small pieces.
We propose also in some cases to vary the mixture by combining it with
other quick setting cements, or with cement alone, using the fibrous materials
as before, each casting requiring a new core.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SMOKE-CONSUMING APPARATUS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Staincliffe at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th November
1867.
I, JOSEPH STAINCLIFFE, of Lane Ends, near Keighley, in the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN SMOKE-CONSUMING APPARATUS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE
TO OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its chief object the consumption of smoke by, in the first
instance, withdrawing the gases contained in the furnace flue and afterwards
returning the same to the furnace in a state of combustion more or less.
This result I effect (taking, for example, an ordinary flued boiler) by placing
a chamber or box at the chimney end of the flue and within it I place a fan
of ordinary construction; this fan absorbs as before named the gases within
the flue, the firing end of which is closed to the outer air. The gases
collected by the fan are conveyed in a suitable pipe to the under side of the
fire-bars and there forced up through the same, the result being that such
gases are thoroughly consumed. It will thus be seen that the gases contained
in the flue are, so to speak, continually re-used, a small supply only of the outer
air being admitted at discretion at the furnace door. If preferred the fan
may be placed at the top or side of the boiler, communication being stil

page_text: maintained with the flue as before; when however it is placed in the box or
chamber before alluded to, to prevent its axis being injuriously affected by
the heat, I cause it to rotate in necks composed of small steel balls.
This part of my Invention is applicable to other purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND CONSTRUCTION OF ECCLESIASTICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL DEVICES AND DECORATIONS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Phillips Phillips, George
Phillips, and Daniel Pearce at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 24th January 1867.
We, WILLIAM PHILLIPS PHILLIPS, GEORGE PHILLIPS, and DANIEL PEARCE,
all of New Bond Street, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND
CONSTRUCTION OF ECCLESIASTICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL DEVICES AND DECORATIONS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the manufacture and
construction of devices and decorations intended as ecclesiastical emblems or
for use in churches or other places of worship, such devices consisting of
crosses, ornaments for the altar, and other designs.
We propose to construct these objects of glass, either plain or colored by
admixture of various coloured glass, and having floral or other devices cut or
engraved thereon; silvered ornamentation may also be applied in combination
or not with the coloured glass.
In the construction of crosses, especially those of large dimensions, we form
them in separate divisions, the standard or upright being in two parts and
the arms of the cross either in one piece or in two divisions; if a central
ornament is to be placed between the junctions of the cross the glass should

page_text: be recessed or cut through in order to allow of the insertion and fixing of the
The cross may be formed with the standard in one piece and the
arms in two pieces, and in all these examples the various portions of the cross
are to be attached together, either by insertion in some portion of the building
or object to be decorated, or by means of metallic or other supports applied
behind the cross and attached thereto by adhesive material or by metal
fastenings. The panels or other portions of altar pieces may likewise be
ornamented with devices formed of slabs or plates of glass, having Scriptural
or floral subjects engraved thereon, the glass being in some cases treated
with various designs in colored glass and with silver or gold ornamentation.
Mural slabs or inscription plates or tablets may also be constructed in the
same manner, the letters being cut out of the solid glass and then filled in
with coloured glass alone or combined with metallic ornamentation.
Many other objects of a similar character may be manufactured according
to our Invention. In all cases a beautiful and durable article is produced by
the application of glass to the manufacture of articles for the ornamentation
and decoration of churches, or for architectural or ecclesiastical decoration
generally.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HAY-MAKING MACHINES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Josiah Le Butt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st May 1867.
I, JOSIAH LE BUTT, of Haymaker Works, Bury St. Edmund's, in the
County of Suffolk, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HAY-MAKING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in hay-making machines, and
relates especially to the construction of the frame of the machine and to the
means by which the inclination of the shafts to the frame may be adjusted so
as to vary the distance of the teeth from the ground. The sides and ends of
the frame in place of being in separate parts, as is usual, are formed of one
bar of iron bent round, and to it at the front brackets are fixed to receive the
shafts. The shafts are fixed upon a metal tube which enters between the
brackets and a bolt passing through it from end to end; and also through the
brackets secures the shafts, but they are free to turn upon the bolt; the
same brackets on the under side of the frame also have links jointed to them
which are slotted at their outer ends. The slotted ends of the links come
alongside of the shafts, and there is a screw stud on each shaft which projects
through the slot in the link and receives a nut beyond, and by screwing up
these nuts when the shafts are in any desired position the shafts are made fast
to the frame. Or in place of these links horns may be fixed to the front of
the frame so as to project alongside of the shafts, and these horns may be

page_text: slotted, and the shafts may be secured to them as already described in respect
to the links. In place of applying two slotted links or horns one at the side
of each shaft and clamping the shafts thereto, one link or horn may be
applied at the centre of the frame, and a projection from the tube or brace
between the shafts will then be clamped thereto.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ENVELOPE CASES, BLOTTING BOOKS, AND OTHER ARTICLES COMMONLY CALLED 'WRITING' OR 'LIBRARY SETS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George William Betjemann at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th February 1867.
I, GEORGE WILLIAM BETJEMANN, of 36 and 38, Pentonville Road, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ENVELOPE CASES, BLOTTING BOOKS, AND
OTHER ARTICLES COMMONLY CALLED 'WRITING' OR 'LIBRARY SETS, AND OTHER
SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
envelope cases, blotting books, inkstands, candlesticks, pen trays, book slides,
match boxes, stamp boxes, pen wipers, letter balances, and book boxes, such
articles being commonly called "writing" or "library sets," and other similar
articles, namely, desks, caskets, albums, bottle or perfume cases, knitting or
netting and glove boxes, dressing cases, tea caddies and tea chests, and consists
in improved means of applying mediæval or other ornamental "mounts" to
such articles when such articles are composed of or have applied thereto slabs.
or surfaces of stone or marble.
For this purpose according to one arrangement the "mounts
may be
provided with a screw formed on or affixed to the back thereof, such screw
being passed through the stone or marble and there secured by a nut, between.
which and the stone or marble an elastic or slightly compressible washer is
placed in order to obviate the liability to fracture of the stone or marble..
Other means may however may be employed to secure the "mounts" to the

page_text: stone or marble forming the entire or 'part of such articles, so long as elastic
or slightly compressible washers are employed between the stone or marble
and the means by which the "mounts" are secured thereto.
The Invention also consists in improved means of securing the "mounts
to the surfaces or slabs of stone or marble forming either the entire or part of
the before-named articles when employing cement for that purpose. Holes
are bored either partly or entirely through the stone or marble, such holes
being undercut or roughened, so as to afford a suitable holding surface to the
cement, whilst the "mounts" are provided with suitable stems; the holes in
the stone or marble are then filled with the cement, and the stems of the
"mounts" placed therein and held in position until the cement is firmly set.
In carrying out this part of the Invention I prefer to employ shellac or
other cement capable of being rendered sufficiently plastic by the application
of heat, but I do not confine myself thereto. The stems instead of being fixed
to the "mounts" may be separate therefrom.
AN IMPROVED COMBINED LIPT AND FORCE PUMP
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stephen Matthews at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th April
1867.
I, STEPHEN MATTHEWS, of Chapel Row, Portsea, in the County of Hants, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED COMBINED
LIPT AND FORCE PUMP," to be as follows:-
The object and intention of this Invention is to enable an ordinary pump to
throw a constant stream of water with only one foot valve, whereas pumps as
heretofore constructed, and known as double-acting pumps, employed in
engineering and mining operations and in ships require several valves, the
objection to which is the difficulty of getting at the valves readily when out of
order, and of ascertaining the precise valve that is out of order. Pumps of
this construction are also costly. The means by which I propose to remedy
these objections and to render the pump less costly is as follows:-
To a suitable casting or valve box containing the foot valve of the pump placed
immediately over the suction pipe I connect three barrels, the area of the
middle barrel being equal to the combined area of the two outer barrels. The
middle barrel is fitted with a ram, and the said barrel is fixed immediately over
the foot valve of the pump; the other barrels are each fitted with a bucket, and
the rods thereof, as also that of the ram, are connected by their upper ends to
a cross head, the ends whereof work in guides, and to this said cross head a
connecting rod is attached communicating with any suitable prime mover.

page_text: The kind of valve I propose to employ is an equilibrium valve, well known by
miners as the Cornish valve.
Another important feature in this Invention consists in adapting a hinged
or sliding door to the valve box, by which access can be readily had to the
valve when necessary. The barrels containing the buckets are connected
together by a branch pipe, so as to form one outlet for the flow of water. The
ram and buckets move up and down together; the down stroke of the ram
forces the water through the buckets, and the up stroke thereof forms a partial
vacuum in the barrels, by which they are again filled with water, at the same
time the buckets are forcing the water out of their respective barrels, and by
these means a continuous stream of water may be raised and thrown. Instead
of three barrels two only may be used, one fitted with a ram and the other
with a bucket, the action being precisely the same, namely, to raise and throw
a constant stream of water.
A NEW METHOD OF SCOURING OR CLEANSING RAW WOOL AND WOOLLEN STUFFS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Clinton Edgcumbe Brouman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
January 1867. A communication from abroad by Adolphe Philippe
and Gustave Fortier, both of Lyons, France.
1, CLINTON EDGCUMBE BROOMAN, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and
Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW METHOD OF
SCOURING OR CLEANSING RAW WOOL AND WOOLLEN STUFFS," to be as follows:-
This new method is based on the employment of a solution of carbonate
of ammonia at 18° or 20° Baumé. I employ it in the proportion of from 5 to
10 per cent. of the raw greasy wool, and add thereto euough water to well
wet all the wool. The operation should be carried on in a boiler or vessel
which can be heated by fire or steam. The apparatus should be furnished
with a cover so as to avoid loss of the carbonate of ammonia, which is a
volatile salt. The apparatus can be either of iron or wood. In the latter
case it is better for it to be lined with lead. It is necessary to proscribe.
copper and zinc in the manufacture of these apparatus on account of the
action of carbonate of aminonia on these metals when exposed to the air.
All being thus ready it suffices to raise the temperature to about 120° or
140° Fahrenheit and to keep it at that heat about 3 hours; after that it
is only necessary to draw off the liquid and to wash the wool in different
waters until the water remains clear. By this process 1 do away with the
employment of putrefied urine, the richness of which in carbonate of ammonia
varies greatly, and the infectious odour of which is as inconvenient as

page_text: unwholesome. I replace the crystals of soda, the too alkaline action of which
might injure the wool, and finally I greatly hasten an operation which by
former processes occupies more than a day. With regard to woollen stuffs,
cloths for example, the operation is effected cold and in the following manner :-
To 100 parts of water I add from 5 to 10 parts of the solution of carbonate
of ammonia according to the more or less greasy state of the fabric; then
the fabric is wetted with this liquor, and submitted to the action of beaters
or fullers for half or three-quarters of an hour; after this treatment it is
sufficient to wash well in proper machines and the operation is finished.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR DRAWING OFF LIQUIDS AND SUPPLYING THEM TO BOTTLES AND OTHER RECEPTACLES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATON left by Pierre Duchamp. at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th February
1867.
I, PIERRE DUCHAMP, of Lyons, Rue de la Vieille Monnaie, 30, Merchant, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR DRAWING OFF LIQUIDS AND SUPPLYING THEM TO BOTTLES AND OTHER RECEPTACLES,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in an apparatus chiefly intended to be used in filling
bottles from casks, and which automatically closes the orifice by which the
liquid enters the bottle as soon as the bottle is sufficiently full.
The apparatus is constructed as follows:-To a tap intended to be inserted
into the vessel from which the liquid is to be drawn I attach a tube, by
preference dome shaped at top; the upper part of the tube is formed with a
valve seating on which a valve rests. The valve has a rod on its under side
which passes through guides and is kept in a nearly vertical position; the
lower end of the rod rests upon an arm of a bent bar or plate pivoted in the
tube, the other end of the bar or plate has a float attached thereto which rises
when the bottle is nearly filled, and when the float has risen to its highest
point it causes the bent bar to shift from under the valve rod, thereby allowing
the valve rod and valve to drop and close the mouth of the tube. When the

page_text: apparatus is placed in the neck of the bottle a stud or projection outside the
tube, connected to a rod inside and working in a slot, is forced up by coming
in contact with the top of the bottle neck, and this rod thereby lifts the valve
and valve rod and so allows the float at bottom to fall of its own weight to
its original position; the arm of the bent bar is thus brought under the lower
end of the valve rod and holds it up until the float rises to its highest position
as before explained. An inclined plate is fitted across the inside of the tube
to direct the liquid through an aperture in the side of the tube. To a
horizontal projection carried out from the upper part of the tube is hinged a
ring sufficiently large to embrace the tube and take in an inclined direction
under the rim of the neck of the bottle. In some cases I fit to the top of the
tube a cup or funnel into which liquid may be poured, and in this case I
employ a wire which is actuated by hand instead of the stud or projection
before described for raising the valve from its seating. The cup or funnel may
be fitted with a strainer if required. For filling buckets and similar receptacles
I substitute for the stud or projection an external rod of 1 to rest upon the
upper edge of the bucket; this rod is preferably fitted with a spring. The
chief features in my apparatus or Invention are the tube put in communication
with a cask or other vessel, the valve for opening and closing the upper end
of the tube, the float which rises when the bottle or other vessel is filled so as
to effect the closing of the valve, and the stud´or projection for raising the
valve when the flow of the liquid is to commence.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HATS AND CAPS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugh Hunter and George Scroggie
Hunter at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 1st November 1867.
We, HUGH HUNTER and GEORGE SCROGGIE HUNTER, both of Liverpool,
in the County of Lancaster, Hat and Cap Manufacturers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
HATS AND CAPS," to be as follows:-
The object of our Invention is to provide hats and caps so fitted with a
soft, agreeable, and yielding cushion of a light, neat, and durable character,
that they cannot when in use press uncomfortably on any part of the head of
For this purpose we place between the body of a hat or cap
and its lining a series of small tubes, or we coil or lay in one long length of
tube made of elastic gum, oiled silk, or other elastic or flexible material;
these tubes or the coil of tube are made circular, oval, square, or other form
in section, and are either closed at the ends to prevent the air in them from
escaping, or are left open to allow the air to leave and enter when the hat or
cap is in use. Instead of the series of tubes or coil of tube we sometimes
employ corrugated, fluted, crimped, or otherwise separated so as to be soft,
cusbions of india-rubber, leather, or other material; these are also placed
between the bodies and the linings. It will be obvious that our Invention
is applicable to all kinds of hat and caps which are stiff or hard at that part
which surrounds the head.
AN IMPROVED SPUNGE FOR CLEANING SLATES AND SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles M°Dermott at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th September
1867.
I, CHARLES MCDERMOTT, Gentleman, of No. 2, Carlton Villas, Wiltshire
Road, Brixton, Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED SPUNGE FOR CLEANING SLATES AND SIMILAR ARTICLES, to be
as follows:-
It consists of an india-rubber hollow ball and a piece of spunge, the spunge
being attached to the ball by means of an aperture in the rubber, into which
a corner of the spunge is fixed. If the air is pressed from the ball, and the
ball is then dipped into water, it will fill immediately, and the spunge can be
moistened from time to time as may be required by a slight pressure of the
ball.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERS OR CONTROLLERS FOR SHIPS' CABLES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Paul at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th September
1867.
I, ANDREW PAUL, of Dumbarton, in the County of Dumbarton, North
Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERS OR CONTROLLERS FOR SHIPS' CABLES," to be as follows,
that is to say:-
This Invention consists in constructing a stopper. or controller for a ship's
cable with a barrel, in contact with which the cable passes, which revolves with
the cable, and to which frictional or other holding or controlling contrivances
are applied instead of gripping or compressing appliances being applied to the
cable itself as in ordinary stoppers. Stoppers made in this improved manner
are more manageable and satisfactory in action than ordinary ones.
In carrying out the Invention the barrel is by preference made with a
reduced external diameter at the middle, and with longitudinal whelps or ribs
to prevent the cable from slipping; it is mounted on a vertical, horizontal, or
other axis. The frictional controlling contrivance may consist of a strap and.
lever as in a common frictional brake, or the barrel may be fitted upon a.
tapered bit or stud and with a screw for drawing together or separating the
parts. Two independent stopper or controller barrels may be mounted on one

page_text: base, or one or more of such barrels may be mounted on the same base with
one or more immovable heads or riding bits which will serve to lead the cable
fairly to the barrel. In some cases the movable barrel may be formed with
sockets to receive hand spokes or bars for turning the barrel by in order
to warp the cable out of the locker or along the ship's deck.