AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR PROVIDING WITH PIN POINTS THE BLOCKS EMPLOYED FOR SURFACE PRINTING DARNO
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ernest Auguste Frederic Lebourgeois, of Suresnes,
France, Mechanician, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR
PROVIDING WITH PIN POINTS THE BLOCKS EMPLOYED FOR SURFACE PRINTING
DARNO An ARIZED STRETTAD MAMEDYATO
Sealed the 9th March 1860, and dated the 13th September 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ernest Auguste Frederic
Lebourgeois at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 13th September 1859.
I, ERNEST AUGUSTE FREDERIC LEBOURGEOIS, of Suresnes, France, Mechanician,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MACHINE
FOR PROVIDING WITH PIN POINTS THE BLOCKS EMPLOYED FOR SURFACE PRINTING ON
CALICO, PAPER, OR OTHER SIMILAR MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
The object of this machine is to fix in a mechanical manner in the blocks
made use of for surface printing on calico, linen, silk, paper, or other similar
materials or grounds, the pin points, wire, or stencil pins serving for the
impression of the pattern. The machine consists of a table on which is solidly
fixed a vertical frame for carrying the principal moving parts of the machine,
which latter receives motion by a treadle or any other suitable means or prime
mover. The machine consists further of a reel or drum carrying the brass or
other wire from which the pin points or stencil pins are successively cut off
at the required length, the end of the wire is taken between the nippers of a
pair of pincers, which latter at each lowering of the treadle and lever

page_text: mechanism connected thereto, is opened and caused to advance at the required
length, after which the nippers closing and being caused to recede by the
action of a spring carry with them the wire, the end of which latter passes
through a suitable guide tube, and which end is thus brought under a sort of
knife acting as a saw, a horizontal to-and-fro motion being imparted thereto,
while at the same time a revolving motion is given to the wire by which
means a suitable length of the wire is cut off for forming a pin point or stencil
pin, and as the cutting edge of the knive is bevelled the end of the wire
receives a pointed form; the pin point thus cut off now falls in a vertical tube,
by which the same is guided towards the end of another tube enclosing the
first one, while the workman now acting on the treadle causes the lower end
of the latter tube to press on the top of the pin point, and thereby forces this
latter to enter at a suitable depth at the required spot in the surface of the
block placed on the table underneath, after which the said tubes are lifted up
to their original position by the action of proper springs. The said tubes are
further inserted in a proper guide tube, and they receive motion from a lever
arm connected with and acted on by the treadle, which lever arm by suitable
connecting rods, levers, and gearing transmits the motion to the pair of
pincers, the cutting knife and the guide tubes for the pin points, the workman
causes the block, in the surface of which the pin points are to be implanted to
glide over the table under the end of the pressing tube according as required
by the pattern to be formed on this surface by the said pin points, the
outlines of the pattern having been delineated previously on the surface of
the block.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Ernest Auguste Frederic Lebourgeois in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 13th March 1860...
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ERNEST
AUGUSTE FREDERIC LEBOURGEOIS, of Suresnes, France, 'Mechanician, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, 'for 'Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,, the
said Ernest Auguste Frederic Lebourgeois, Her special licence that I, the
said Ernest Auguste 'Frederic Lébourgeois, my executors, administrators, and

page_text: assigns, or such others as I, the said Ernest Auguste Frederic Lebourgeois,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR PRO-
VIDING WITH PIN POINTS THE BLOCKS EMPLOYED FOR SURFACE PRINTING ON CALICO,
PAPER, OR OTHER SIMILAR MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Ernest Auguste Frederic Lebourgeois, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that i, the said Ernest Auguste Frederic Lebourgeois,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
The Invention relates to a machine for providing with wire or pin points
the blocks made use of for surface printing on calico, paper, oilcloth, or other
suitable materials. As is well known, the blocks made use of for the manu-
facture by hand, or by suitable machinery of printed fabrics, floorcloth, paper
hangings, and other similar products, and which blocks may offer either a flat
or a cylindrical or other suitable curved surface have generally inserted in their
surface sets of small lengths of copper, brass, or other suitable wire fixed therein
in such manner as to form a regular pattern or printing surface. Hitherto
the fixing of the said wire or pin points on these blocks, or printing surfaces,
or rollers was done by the workman by means of a hammer, or other suitable
tool, thus giving rise to great labour, and in consequence of their high price,
blocks or rollers provided with such pin points in difficult or complicated
designs were not so extensively used, as is made possible by the aid of my
machine, which allows the insertion of the said pin points to take place with
great rapidity, and to form therewith the most complicated' patterns, the
workman requiring only to guide the inserting tool over the lines of the pattern
already delineated on the surface in which the pin points are to be inserted,
a treadle aiding in fixing them therein.
.
I now will describe the arrangement of my machine, and in order to make
this description easier to be understood, I will therein refer to the various
Figures of the annexed Sheets of Drawings, in which corresponding, are

page_text: indicated by the same letters of reference. Fig. 1 shows a side elevation view
of the entire machine, on a diminished scale; the Figures 2, 3, 4, show at one
half of working scale various detached parts, while Fig. 5 shows a side elevation:
view of some principal parts of a modification of the machine, shown on a
working scale, detached parts being shown in the Figs. 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, at
the same scale. In these Figures several working parts are shown, as
partially cut off. The machine consists of a strong table or bed plate A, fixed-
on four or more standards A', in the top of this table A are inserted two
smaller standards A³ connected at the top by a strong cross bar A³ while to
the top of this latter are bolted two strong angle-irons B connected by a cross
bar B. Two lever arms C and C', connected by a link C³, and having their
fulcrums situated in suitable hangers C3 and C4, are connected at one end. by
the chain C³, to the treadle C, and at the opposite end by the link C to the
lower end of the rod C8, in the upper or forked end of which rod C,.
the end of the lever arm D, turns on a pin a, while this rod is lifted up by the
action of a spiral or other suitable spring b. The lever arm D has its fulcrum.
in a suitable stay D', and a rod D2 connects the lever arm D to another lever:
arm D³, D, both turning on pivots in the forked ends of the said rod D². The
lever arm. D³, D' turns round a pin a¹ in the forked end of the hanger D³, and
is provided at the front end with a sort of catch E turning on a pin a², the hind
part or tail E, of which catch is inserted in a corresponding groove in the
front end of the lever arm D, D', a spring d presses on this tail E which is.
allowed to rise till it strikes against a gudgeon e inserted in the groove; the
opposite end of the catch E forms a tooth acting in a slit in the projecting
part with which a lever F, having its fulcrum in fis provided, the said
projection foffering two inclined planes f and f³, connected by a vertical face f
over which planes f, f³, and f* a gudgeon e¹ fixed in the tooth of the catch E is
allowed to glide.. The result of this arrangement will be that whenever the.
arm D of the lever D³, D', rises, the catch E. by turning on the pin a causes;
the gudgeon e' when striking against the surface f³ to receede, and to glide over
f, ff, the arm D*, being now carried down the gudgeon e, will prevent the
tail E, from receeding any further, the gudgeon e! will consequently strike
against the incline f and thereby cause the lever E to advance towards.
the vertical position, and carry with it a pair of pincers G connected to this
lever F. In the Figures 1 and 5 are shown two different modes of working
these pincers; in the mode shown in Fig. 1 the lower arm G', of the pincers.
glides in the forked end of the lever arm F, and in a guide ring G², the end
G³ forms a screw, and, is adjustable by the n. G; a spring G serves for
carrying the pincers forward, after. the same have been pushed backwards by

page_text: the action of the lever F; on the upper arm G of the pincers works a spring
Ge, fixed to the top of the lever arm D', and adjustable by a screw G, and also
a spiral spring G8 for lifting this arm G, and thus open the nippers Go, or front
part of the pincers. The pincers serve for carrying towards, and submitting
to the action of a cutting knife suitable lengths of wire (shown in. the
Drawings, by a red line) wound on a reel I, this end of the wire passes
through an adjustable guide I'; from thence through the nipping, ends G³ of
the pincers, through a guide tube I fixed to the angle iron B, and thus
conduct the end of the wire underneath the knife H, to which latter a suitable
horizontal to-and-fro motion is imparted in such manner, that at each stroke
of the treadle C, a length of wire suitable for forming a pin point is cut off,
which length then falls into a suitable guide tube K, and is carried down to the
block or roller L, in the surface of which this pin point is further inserted
by the action of a driver M, working in the manner as will be explained
hereafter. When the front end of the lever D³, D', beginns its downward
motion, the gudgeon e glides over the incline f, the lever F advances towards
the vertical position, and the nippers G of the pincers open themselves; the
gudgeon e' arriving at the surface f* the spring G presses on the upper arm G
of the pincers thus causing the nippers G³, to close, and to take hold of the
wire; finally, the gudgeon e' coming to strike against the incline f³, the pincers
are by the action of the spring Go, caused to receede while they hold the wire,
the end of which they carry underneath the cutting knife; as has been mentioned
the wire passes through a fixed guide tube 12, the end of which is provided
with a slit in which a spring a³ presses on the wire for preventing this latter
to withdraw from underneath the knife during the advancing motion of the
pincers; after leaving the tube I2, the wire is guided between two. small
elastic steel bars or spring bands N, which may be seen in the Figures 2, 3,
and 4; Fig. 2 showing a front, and Fig. 3, a back view of the parts by which
motion is imparted to the cutting knife, and Fig. 4 a separate view of the
parts, by which a rolling or revolving motion is transmitted to the wire
during the time the same is submitted to the action of the cutting knife..
(In the modification of the machine, to be described hereafter, the straight:
knife H is replaced by a circular file or cutter.) The wire passes through a.
guide hole a before entering between the two spring bands N and N" which
latter are fixed in an inclined position to two racks N and N, which by means
of a pinion N' are caused to glide in opposite directions between two fixed' guides
N5 and No the upper end of the rack N³, has a slot hole N7 in which a
swinging part N balances on pivots a, while the lever arm D³ is connected to
this swinging part N by a screw as, so that when the lever arm D³ is rising

page_text: (731
;
or falling the spring bands N and N¹, will be caused to glide over each other
in contrary directions, and by their inclined position impart a small revolving
motion to the wire situated between these spring bands. On the other hand,
the knife Ĥ receives a horizontal to-and-fro motion by the following means
the knife H is fixed to a rack H' guided by set screws H2, H3, gliding in
suitable slot holes a', as, in this rack H'acts a tooth quadrant H, to the axis
of which is fixed a pinion H' moved by tooth wheel H receiving motion from
a double quadrant H7 moved by a rack H8, the lower end of which latter is
connected to the lever arm D, in such manner that by the up-and-down
motion of this lever arm D the knife H will be pushed forward and backward
and act on the wire, the end of which latter is resting in a nick h¹, in the top
of a small tapit h, in a transverse slit, of which latter the knife glides so as to
allow to this latter of severing from the wire the exact length for forming a pin
point, and as the cutting edge of the knife is chamferred at the back, a pointed
form will be given thereby to, the end of the remainder of the wire, so as to form
the point for the next pin point to be cut off; but as this latter before being
submitted to the action of the knife, is introduced with its point foremost in a
hole formed in the back part of a vertical tube K, the said pin point, after
being cut off from the remainder of the wire, will fall by its own weight with
the point foremost in the said tube K; the latter is provided with a cap m,
fixed to the tube by a small latch m¹, or other suitable means, and this cap has
a conical end entering into the tube, the lower end of this latter also has a
conical shape, and is introduced in the top of a short tube L fixed in the cross
stay B2 in the lower end of which enters another tube P provided on the out-
side with a screw thread for fixing the same by means of the nuts P¹ and P²
in another tube Ps, enclosing the same, and which latter is situated in a slot
hole formed in the lever D, while the said tube P may turn round a screw
pin P, passing through the sides of a slot hole in the lever D, and also through
a corresponding slit n formed in the said tube P3; by this means the tubes P
and P³, will follow the up-and-down motion of the lever D, while at the same
time they are allowed to keep the vertical and shift their position sufficiently
for permitting to the upper end of the tube P to glide up and down in the
tube L; the lower end of this tube P is provided with what I call a driver,.
the lower end of which driver coming to act at the required moment on the
top of the pin point forces this latter into the surface of the block or roller
underneath the tube P, and another tube Q fitting round this latter, pass
through the cross bar A³ and are inserted in a guide tube R fixed in this cross
bar; towards the lower end the tube Q is provided with two gudgeons 1, 1, to
which is fixed one end of the chains ", F, the opposito end of-which is fixed to.

page_text: two spiral springs p, p, situated in the interior of the cross bar A³; to the end.
of the tube Q is screwed a hollow conical nozle Q'in which works the driver M.
screwed to the lower end of the driving tube P, which driver is shown sepa-
rately in working size in front, side, and sectional views respectively in the:
Figures 8, 9, and 10; the upper part of this driver forms a continuation of
the driving tube. P, and through it the pin points fall in the nozle of the tube Q.
when the lower end M' of the driver, which end corresponds in diameter with.
that of the lower opening of the nozle comes to strike against the top of the
pin point, and by the effect of the treadle Co pushes this pin point to the:
required depth into the surface of the block. In order to cause the end of
the nozle Q of the tube Q, just to come in contact with the surface of the
block So, a boss S, corresponding in diameter with that of the tube Q, on the
top of which the same aets; is fitted round the driving tube P, and is provided:
with a projecting rim S', and situated underneath a flat spring S2, the ends of
which latter act on two spiral springs p¹ fitted in the cross bar A³.
At each,
side of the lever arm D, is fixed a small bracket S³, through each of which
passes a rod S* provided at the top with a screw thread and nut St, and jointed
at the other end to the spring S2, so as to force this latter of following the up-
and-down motion of the lever arm D; thus when this latter is lowered down,
the tube Q, by the action of the rods S',, the spring S3, and the box S, coming:
to press on this tube Q, will also be lowered so as to reach the surface of,
the block underneath, while, when the lever arm rises, the spiral springs.p¹...
will cause the spring S2 to rise so as no more to press on the boss S, and thus
allow the springs p to rise, by means of the chains, the tube Q till the two-
gudgeons come to rest against the lower end of the guide tube R. The lever ;
arm D having been lowered 'till the nozle Q' touches the surface of the block,..
on continuing to lower this lever arm D till the same is stopped by the action :
of the spiral spring b, or of a stop placed in any other suitable position, the
driving tube P, and consequently the driver M, will strike against the top. of,
the pin point, and thus fix this latter in the block.
:
9
:
The mode of acting of the machine is as follows:-The reel I having been ;
provided with wire, the end of this latter is passed through the guide I¹, through
the nippers G of the pincers, through the guide tube 12, through the guide.
hole a', and is finally introduced in the hole at the back part of the tube K.
The workman having now placed on the table, or in suitable guides or brackets;
fixed to this latter, the block or roller, in the surface of which the pin points
are to be inserted, on which surface the pattern has been suitably delineated,
he: brings successively each spot in which a pin point is to be inserted under .
the nozle Q.. The insertion of the pin point and the other operations take

page_text: place as follows:-The spot in which a point is to be fixed having been brought
exactly under the nozle Q', the workman presses with his foot on the treadle C
till the nozle Q touches, or nearly touches, the spot; by this lowering of the
treadle the two inclined spring bands N, N¹, will be made to act and cause
the wire to make one or more revolutions according to the adjustment of the
machine, at the same time the knife H has received motion and severs a pin
point from the end of the wire, which point falls into the driving tube P till it
reaches the lower end of the nozle Q¹ in which it fits exactly. The workman
now lowers the treadle to its full stroke by which the driving tube P will be
pushed down and the pin point fixed into the block; the pedal being now
liberated the same will rise by the action of the spring b, the catch E will
push the lever arm F towards the vertical position, which will cause the opened
nippers Go to advance towards the reel I, take hold of the wire, after which
the pincers will be pushed back by the spring G³ so as to bring a new length
of wire under the knife H. The repetition of the operations just described
may then again take place.
the spindle, and
In the Figures 5, 7, 11, and 12, are shown some modifications of the
machine just described; in this modified arrangement the straight knife is
replaced by a circular cutter T, and working in a slit h³ in the tapit h, the
spindle T of this cutter works in a lever T2, having its fulcrum in T³, the
other end of which lever T2 is connected by a link T to another adjustable
lever T, having its fulcrum in T, while the end T7 forms a tenon fitting in a
corresponding slot in the lever arm D³, so as to cause the spindle of the
cutter T to rise or fall with the lever D³, and thus in the first case liberate the
wire from, and in the second case submit the same to the action of the cutter.
The slit h in the tapit h corresponds with an opening h²,
which the filings
are allowed to escape. The revolving motion is imparted to
consequently to the cutter, by means of a pinion U, acted on by a tooth
wheel U', to the axis U2 of which is fitted another pinion U³, in gear with a
rack U', connected to the lever D by a connecting rod Us, turning on pins U
and U. The lever arms D and D³ are connected by a connecting rod D³.
In this modification the pincers act in the contrary direction from that of the
machine above described, the lower arm G¹ is connected to the lever F by a
pin F1 gliding in a slit F2; a thumb-screw F³ regulates the length of stroke of
the pincers, which are pushed towards the cutter by the spiral spring G³. The
end of the upper arm is bent at right angles G and G", and is acted on by
the springs G and Gs in the same manner as has been described for Fig. 1.
A blade V inserted in a slit in the tube 12 presses, by means of a set screw V2;
on the wire, in order to prevent this latter from receeding while the pincers are

page_text: carried towards the reel. I, another similar blade W forming a lever arm, with
its fulcrum in W¹, and acted upon by a weight W2, presses on the wire for the
same purpose. The mode of acting of this modified machine, in so far as
differing from the one above described, is as follows::-On lowering the
treadle C, the two inclined spring bands N and N cause a slight revolving
motion of the wire, the circular cutter is lowered on the wire, and severs
therefrom a length of wire sufficient for a pin point, the upper arm of the
pincers being lifted up by the spring Gs the nippers open, at the same time
the nozle Q' is lowered on the block or roller, and on lowering the treadle to
its full stroke, the driver M fixes the pin point in the block or roller. The
workman now liberates the treadle,. which rises by the action of the spring b
on the rod C8, the lever arms D and D³ rise, and the catch E causes the
lever F, and consequently the pincers, to advance towards the reel I, the
nippers Go being open at the beginning of this motion, while as soon as
the spring Go begins to press on the arm G" these nippers will close, the cutter:
being lifted at the same time; but. immediately after the gudgeon e¹ of the
catch E leaves the incline f³, the spring G³ causes the pincersi to receede
towards the cutter, and carry with them the wire firmly held by the nippers G³,
the spring G pressing on the end G" of the upper arm G, the remainder of
the operations takes place in the manner as has been described in respect
to Fig. 1.
Finally, I must observe that by the aid of my machine the pin points may
be inserted as well in blocks offering a flat as in those presenting a suitable
regular curved surface, such, for instance, as a cylindrical or conical one, as
I only require to bring successively all the spots in which the pin points are to
be inserted immediately underneath the nozle, leaving always the same distance
between each of these successive spots and the lower end of the nozle, in order
to have the points inserted at a uniform depth in the interior of the block or
roller; thus, for instance, when I wish to insert pin points in a printing block
offering a cylindrical surface, or what is commonly called a printing roller or
cylinder, I only want to cause this roller suitably to revolve round its axis on
the bed plate or table, for which purpose this latter may be provided with
suitable adjustable brackets for the trunnions of the arbor or axis of the roller
to turn in.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be carried into effect
or used, I would observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict
myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to
describe or refer to, as many variations may be made therefrom without

page_text: deviating from the principles or main features of the said Invention; but
what I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is the
general arrangement and combination of parts of the above described machine
and modification thereof for infixing wire or pin points in the blocks for
surface printing on calico, paper, or other similar materials, whether the
said printing blocks offer a flat or any suitable regular curved surface.
In witness whereof, I, the said Ernest Auguste Frederic Lebourgeois,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Ninth day of March, One
thousand eight hundred and sixty.
Witness,
A. G. BRADE.
E. A. F. LEBOURGEOIS. (L.S.)