improvements relating to the Utilization of Bi-sulphide of Carbon Vapor as a Motor, and Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1885

page_text: improvements relating to the Utilization of Bi-sulphide of
Carbon Vapor as a Motor, and Apparatus therefor. $
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co, Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex do hereby declare the nature
of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO THE UTILIZATION OF BI-SULPHIDE
OF CARBON VAPOR AS A MOTOR, AND APPARATUS THEREFOR" and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
This invention relates to a triple thermic motor, or bi sulphide of carbon engine,
and is designed to provide further improvements, as compared with the inventions
described in the specifications of former Letters Patent No 3836 of 1879 and
No 5198 of 1882. It has for its object the utilization of specific latent and
sensible heat in generating a motor by evolving vapor from bi-sulphide of carbon,
for operating engines. Engineers of reputed scientific skill assert that "The
capacity of a body for heat, is termed its specific heat and may be defined as
the number of units of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1lb of that
body to 1° Fah."
"The thermal unit, or unit of heat, as it is termed, is the quantity of heat that
will raise 1 lb of pure water 1° Fah, or from 39° to 40° Fah."
"
"The term "latent heat" means the quantity of heat which has disappeared
from a body owing to an increase of temperature. The "sensible heat
is that
which is sensible to the touch or measurable by the thermometer." "The mechanical
equivalent of heat is the amount of work performed by the conversion of one unit
of heat into work, and the mechanical theory of heat is based on the assumption
that heat and work are mutually convertable." Prof. Tyndall's definition of specific,
latent and sensible heat briefly re-stated is, that atoms unite and form molecules,
molecules unite and form masses. Specific heat is the heat required to cause the
atoms to revolve on their axes, or, when united in molecules, to revolve around
each other. Latent heat, as regards steam, is the heat that is consumed in pulling
the liquid molecules asunder, forming vapor. When the heat is-withdrawn the
vapor condenses, and precisely the same quantity of heat reappears and becomes
sensible, which is the heat that is expressed by degrees of temperature as indicated
D011
91006

page_text: by the thermometer. These definitions of specific, latent and sensible heat are
given for the purpose of enabling the skillful engineer to clearly understand the
object, nature and principle of operation of our invention, which consists in the
method hereinafter described for generating a motor from bi-sulphide of carbon by
evolving a vapor therefrom, with the least possible loss of units of heat in operating
an engine and economizing fuel.
To enable others skilled in the art with which our invention is most nearly
connected to make and use the same, we will proceed to describe it and the
operation thereof. In the accompanying drawings, which form part of this
specification.
Figure 1 is a side elevation of one form of apparatus or engine we employ for
generating a motor from bi-sulphide of carbon.
Figure 2 is a vertical longitudinal section of a boiler employed for evolving
bi-sulphide of carbon into a vapor for a motor. (Enlarged view.)
Figure 3 is a vertical and transverse section of said boiler at line 1 of figue 2.
(Enlarged view.)
Figure 4 is a vertical and transverse section of said boiler at line 2 of figure 2.
(Enlarged view.)
Figure is a vertical and transverse section of said boiler at line 3 of figure 2.
(Enlarged view.)
Figure 6 is a top or plan of the angle iron end flanges.
Figure 7 is a top or plan of said flanges when arranged in juxtaposition.
Figure 8 is a vertical section of the regulating valve for controlling the flow
of steam into and around the boiler for evolving the bi-sulphide into a vapor.
(Enlarged view.)
Figure 9 is a vertical section of the regulating valve for controlling the
admision of steam into the casing around the vapor conduit which conveys. it to
the cylinder of the engine, and into the casing surrounding the said cylinder, for
expanding and maintaining the heat of said vapor. (Enlarged view.)
Figure 10 is a vertical section of the washer. (Enlarged view.)
Figure 11 is a vertical section of the cylinder head and packing mechanism for
the piston and valve rods.
Figure 12 represents a side elevation of the heater (enlarged view), showing a
part of the shell broken away for the purpose of representing the heating coil
within said shell.
In the operation of the engine, hereinafter described, we desire to impress upon
the mind of the constructor and operator that the engine does not exhaust the
vapor into the atmosphere, nor does any of the vapor escape into the engine room
as in the case of the ordinary engine, the peculiar construction of the several parts
being such as to preclude all possible escape of vapor. Another very important
feature connected with the use of liquid bi-sulphide of carbon and the vapor
evolved therefrom, is that in its frequent passage from the generator through the
engine and condensers and its return again to the generator, the liquid bi-sulphide
of carbon is purified and freed from the sulphureted hydrogen which is always
present in the bi-sulphide of carbon of commerce. Experience in operating the
engine hereinafter described with the vapor of bi-sulphide of carbon as a motor
has demonstrated the fact that two or three days' working of said vapor will render
the liquid bi-sulphide nearly inodorous, and the noxious and pungent smell common
to bi-sulphide of carbon will be destroyed. Samples of the liquid bi-sulphide,
after having been worked several days, have been drawn from the generator and
submitted to manufacturers of liquid bi-sulphide and to chemists, and they were
unable to tell that it was liquid bi-sulphide of carben by the senses of sight and
smell. Having stated the foregoing facts, we will proceed to describe the construc-
tion and operation of the engine and the several parts connected therewith.
Reference being had to the accompanying drawing, A represents an ordinary
steam boiler, which may be provided with the usual appendages common to such
boilers. The vapor generator, B, is shown in longitudinal vertical section in Fig. 2

page_text: and in transverse vertical section in Figs. 3, 4 and 5, in which a represents the
casing which surrounds the shell b of the boiler c, which is furnished with a large
number of tubes d extending through the boiler and secured in the ends thereof in
the usual way. The head, e, of one end of the boiler extends beyond the diameter
of the shell b sufficiently to form a suitable bearing or flange for attaching it to
the flange of the casing a, to which is also attached the flange of the part 1, which
forms a circulating chamber, g. On one end and each side of the outer wall of the
shell b of the boiler c are secured flanges f, which are attached to and rest upon
similar flanges on the inner side walls and one end of the casing a, which flanges
are so attached to each other as to form a.steam-tight joint. In the boiler c, above
its tubes d, is arranged a perforated pipe, i, extending longitudinally from end to
end of said boiler, and communicates with the vapor conducting pipe B'; which'
pipe passes through the casing a and the shell b of the boiler c. In the upper side
of pipe i are a large number of perforations, and in the lower side a smaller number,
the latter perforations being employed for draining said pipe of the liquid resulting
from the condensation of the vapor. The pipe i is used for the purpose of drawing.
off the vapor evenly and uniformly from the upper compartment of the boiler.
On the under side of the boiler c, in the spacej formed by the casing a, is arranged
a perforated pipe k, which communicates with steam: supply pipe A', and is
employed for the distribution of steam around the lower half of the shell brof the
boiler c, the steam being confined around the lower half of the boiler by the
flanges f, and caused to flow through the tubes d into the distributing or circulating
chamber g, from which it flows back through the' tubes d, above the flangesif, and
surrounds the upper half of the boiler, the course of the steam being indicated by
arrows. The bonnet and the end m are stayed through the medium of rods n
which pass through the tubes d and through said bonnet and end m, and are
secured thereto by screw nuts as shown. The casing a is surrounded by a suitable
non-conducting covering. The pipe B' communicates with the vapor chest of the
cylinder of the engine C, and is surrounded with a casing C', which is supplied
with live steam directly from the steam boiler A, and automatically controlled by
a regulating valve F', which casing C' also communicates with the casing which
surrounds the vapor chest and cylinder of the engine C, which is of ordinary
construction and operation. By this construction and arrangement of the boiler c,
casing a, chamber g, and pipes i, k and A', the steam is distributed thoroughly
over the entire surface of the shell band caused to travel through the tubes d in
one direction in the lower half of the boiler c, and in an opposite direction through
the tubes & located above the flanges f; the steam acting first on the lower half of
the shell of the boiler c, heating it, then passing through tubes d in that part,
heating them, and then passing into chamber g and from it entering the tubes d
above the flanges f, heating them, and, passing from them, enters the upper half of
the steam space spreading over the upper surface of the shell b; heating it; so that
the bi-sulphide of carbon evolved into vapor in the lower part of the boiler c, is
superheated in the upper part of it and enters the pipe B', which being surrounded
by the casing C', and which communicates with the casing around the cylinder
and vapor chest of the engine C, and supplied with live steam from the boiler A,
through pipe o, the bi-sulphide of carbon vapor evolved in the boiler c is con-
tinuously heated by said live steam until it has performed its office upon the piston
of the engine C. The steain from boiler A passing through pipe A', enters the
regulating valve L M, passing from it through pipe Q' to pipe k into the lower
part of the casing a, and is distributed as herein before described, the quantity and
pressure of stean in the casing a being controlled by the regulating valve L M, so
that any desired pressure of bi-sulphide of carbon vapor may be obtained by the
proper adjustment of said valve. In practice we have found that a pressure, of
about eight pounds per square inch of boiler surface is sufficient to evolve a vapor
of. about seventy pounds pressure per square inch of boiler surface, and that
forty-five pounds pressure per square inch of boiler surface in the steam boiler A
being conveyed through pipe o into the casing G will-superheat the vapoŕ and

page_text: increase the tension and pressure thereof after it leaves the vapor generator or
boiler c.
The casing C' around the vapor conduit B' and the casing around the
cylinder and vapor chest of the engine C are also provided with suitable non-
conducting coverings.
:
+
The flanges of angle iron represented in Figs. 6 and 7 are secured, one to the
inner end wall of the casing a, the other to the end of the boiler c, about the
horizontal centre of said boiler and casing, the one resting upon the other, as shown
in Fig. 7, forming the side and one end partitions between the lower and upper
part of the casing, as shown in Figs. 3, 4 and 5, with suitable openings in the end
partition for the heating coil p, which communicates with the coil g in the heater D,
which communicates with the pump H, which communicates with the well G.
The lower end of the heater D communicates with the exhaust of the engine C
through the medium of pipe D', which is provided with a stop valve P, which is
employed for the purpose of cutting off the engine C from communication with the
condensers E and F, thereby preventing the vacuum formed in the condensers
and well G from being destroyed while adjusting or repairing any part of the
engine C.
The upper end of the heater D'communicates with the condenser E through
the medium of pipe T, and the condenser E communicates with the auxiliary
condenser F through the medium of pipe U, and the auxillary condenser F
communicates with the vacuum pump I through the medium of pipe V, and with
the well G through the medium of pipe W, and the well G communicates with the
pump H through the medium of pipe X, and pump H communicates with the
heating coil in heater D through the medium of pipe Y, which coil is heated by the
exhaust vapor from the engine, and the heating coil q in heater D communicates
with the coil pin the casing a, where the liquid bi-sulphide is further heated by
the steam in casing a before entering the boiler c, and said coil communicates with
the boiler c, thereby returning the liquid bi-sulphide into said boiler at or about
its boiling point. The condensers F and E are supplied with water through
the medium of pipe E', the water flowing into the auxiliary condenser F, and from
it through pipe U into condenser E, and the overflow passing off through the
medium of pipe. K'. The condensed bi-sulphide of carbon flows from the con-
denser E through pipe G'.to the vacuum pump I, which also draws off the air and
uncondensed vapors from the condenser and discharges said liquid, air and vapors
through pipe V into the auxiliary condenser F, from which they flow through
pipe W into the well G. The uncondensed vapors, gases and air contained in the
well G pass up through pipe H' having check valve t, and down into and below the
surface of the water contained in the washer K, which is provided with a water
overflow pipe I' connected to the water overflow pipe K' of the condenser E, by
which, in conjunction with the vacuum pump I, a vacuum is provided in the
washer above the water, and causes the uncondensed vapors and air to rise from
the well G. Said washer is also provided with a water supply pipe J', which
communicates with the water supply pipe E. The condensible vapors and gases
are condensed through the medium of the water in the washer K, the liquid
bi-sulphide of carbon purified and precipitated into the bottom of the heater, and
withdrawn at suitable intervals through the pipe r, and returned into the well G,
while the uncondensible gases and washed air pass off through the pipe I' into the
overflow pipe K; by which they are carried to any suitable point.
"
.
The washer K is provided with a sight gauge L' for indicating the height of the
water in said washer.
The pet cocks 88 when open communicate with the drain pipe M', which com-
municates with the casing around the cylinder and with the steam trap R', and
the steam trap R'.communicates through the 'medium of pipe u with the pipe O',
.which communicates with the boiler feed pump J, whereby the water of con-
densation in the casing C' and casing of the cylinder is conveyed to tlie pump J...
The pipe N' communicates with 'the casing a of the bi-sulphide boiler c and with
the pipe O, whereby the water of condensation is conveyed, from the casing à tô

page_text: the pump J, thus returning all of said water of condensation to the steam boiler A
at about the boiling point.
To the steam pipe A' is attached a pipe v for supplying the pump J with steam,
and the exhaust steam of said pump is conducted through pipe w into the pipe Q',
which conveys steam at a pressure lower than the boiler pressure into the casing a,
which surrounds the bi-sulphide boiler. c.
The pipe x, connected with the steam pipe A', conducts steam to the vacuum
pump I, and its steam is exhausted through pipe a' into the pipe Q'. The pipe.y,
connected to the steam pipe A', conducts steam to the pump H, and its steam is
exhausted through pipe b' into the pipe Q'.
By exhausting the steam from the several pumps as described, the heat of said
exhaust steam is utilized in conjunction with the steam directly from the steam
boiler A, to evolve vapor from the liquid bi-sulphide of carbon in the boiler c.
.:
To the valve casing of the valve P in the exhaust pipe D' is attached a pipe.T
having a U trap S', which pipe communicates with the pipe G'; by this arrange-
ment the liquid bi-sulphide of carbon resulting from condensation in the exhaust
pipe D' and in the casing of the valve P is conveyed to the vacuum pump I, and
discharged through the pipe V.into the auxiliary condenser F, from which it. is
discharged into the well G.
To relieve the vapor generator of air preparatory to admitting steam to evolve
vapor, pipes y" are provided, which communicate with the space between the
casing a, and vapor boiler c, above the horizontal partition therein, said pipes
terminate in one pipe which passes through the outer casing and is provided with
a suitable valve for controlling the flow of the air, said pipe may be connected with
the overflow pipe. from the condenser E or discharge into the open air.
The bi-sulphide of carbon boiler or generator is provided with a safety valve U'
of ordinary construction, which communicates with the vapor conduit B through
the medium of the pipe X' and with the condenser E through the medium of
pipe V'. This valve is employed to carry off any excess of pressure of the vapor in
the boiler c and to conduct it to the condenser.
"
The regulating valve L M (see Fig. 8) consists of two chambers c' d', which are
secured together with a non-conducting packing e' placed between thein, such as
asbestos. The chamber c' is provided with a plunger ' connected to a pivoted
lever f', having an adjustable weight g'. The lower end of the plunger h' is of the
form of a section of a sphere which prevents it from cutting or otherwise injuring
the elastic diaphragm n', which divides the chamber c' into two compartments.
The chamber d' is furnished with a.balance valve and seats for it, the stem of
said valve is connected to the lever f'. To the chamber d' is attached a pipe A', .
which communicates with the steam boiler A. To the chamber c' is connected a
pipe q', which communicates with the boiler c, and is provided with a valve ',
above which the pipe q' is filled with water. The weight being adjusted on
lever f', for the desired working pressure of vapor of the bi-sulphide of carbon in
the boiler c. Steam from boiler A, flowing through pipe A', enters the chamber d'
of the regulating valve L M, passes therefrom through the pipe Q to the boiler c.
The vapor of bi-sulphide of carbon passes from boiler c, filling the pipe m' in which
it condenses, until it fills the pipe in U-shaped bend of said pipe to about the
dotted line x. The valve now being opened, the vapor of bi-sulphide of carbon
presses against the liquid bi-sulphide of carbon, which, acting on the water, and it
against the diapham y', and it against the plunger h', which, in combination with
lever fand weight g, will open and close the valve in accordance with the
pressure of the vapor of bi-sulphide of carbon in the boiler c, said valve closing
when the pressure. is greater than that fixed upon and opening when it is less,
thereby diminishing the flow of steam through pipe when the pressure of
bi-sulphide of carbon vapor is greater than that determined upon and increasing
said flow when it is less, thus increasing or diminishing heat around and through
the liquid bi-sulphide of carbon in boiler c, whereby the desired working pressure
of the vapor of bi-sulphide of carbon is always maintained.....

page_text: The supply and regulating valve F' is constructed in all respects the same as the
regulating valve L M excepting the pipes 8' t'-the latter of which communicates
with the casing C'surrounding the conduit B' leading to the cylinder of the engine,
and the operation of valve F is the same as the valve L M, excepting that the
steam which enters it also operates the valve and plunger for controlling the
admission of said steam into the casing C'. The pipe o attached to the valve F'
communicates with the steam boiler A; now, by adjusting the weight o' on the
lever p' for obtaining the pressure of steam desired in the casing C", which may be
.indicated by the gauges, the operation will be as follows: the steam flowing from
the steam boiler A through pipe o, enters the chamber r', and from it through
pipe t', enters casing C', which communicates with the casing around the cylinder
of the engine C, so that the same pressure of steam which is in the casing C' will
also be in the casing of the cylinder. In the event of the pressure in the boiler A
increasing beyond that determined upon in the casing C' the pressure of steam will
act against the diaphragm u', which acting against the plunger v' will thereby,
through the medium of lever p', close the valve w' so as to cut off, or partly cut off,
the steam until the desired pressure is attained in the case C' and the casing of the
cylinder of the engine C. If the pressure in said casings should become less than
that desired, then the weight o', through the medium of the lever p', will open the
valve w' so as to admit more steam, and will hold the valve open till the desired
· pressure is attained. It will be observed that by this arrangement of the supply
and regulating valve F' with relation to the casing C', and it communicating with
the casing of the cylinder of the engine C, uniform pressure may be maintained in
said casings notwithstanding any variation of pressure that may occur in the
boiler A, and that the pressure in said casings is greater than that in the casing a
around boiler c. ·
The various and several pipes hereinbefore described are provided with suitable
valves for controlling the flow of the liquids, fluids and gases which flow through
the said pipes. The well G is provided with the usual sight gauge, and the
casing a, the vapor boiler o, the steam pipe A' and casing C' are provided with
pressure gauges for indicating the pressure in said parts. The piston and valve
rods are packed as follows, see Fig. 11, in which a" is the piston rod, b" is the
cylinder head, having packing caps c", d", packing glands e", f", and ring g",
having recesses h", "; which communicate with each other by a series of openings.
In the projection " of the cylinder head is a chamber in which is placed plumbago
packing, the ring g", then plumbago packing, which is followed by the gland f",
which is provided with a chamber for oil, and a recess " for the reception of
..plumbago packing, which is followed by the packing gland e". The glands e", f",
are forced against the packing by means of the screw caps c", d". 'The oil cup m'
.communicates with the chamber ! in the gland f" by means of a pipe u", having
a valve o" whereby the rod is surrounded with oil. The projection j" of the
cylinder head b" is provided with a pipe p" which communicates with the
exhaust pipe D' of the engine, as shown in Fig. 1, which is connected to the
vacuum pump J, whereby the escaping vapors from around the rods are conducted
to the vacuum pump and eventually into the well G. The lubricating device for
the engine consists of pipe "which communicates with the valve chest and
cylinder of said engine and the conduit B', said pipe having valves 8". To the
pipe is attached a vessel communicating with said pipe at a point between the
valves 8".
.
The operator charges into the vessel q" pulverized plumbago (which is the only
lubricant used in connection with the engine cylinder and valve) and. then opens
the valves a", and the vapor from the conduit B' forces the plumbago into the valve
chest and cylinder, lubricating the valves and the piston. The engine may be
supplied with cut-off mechanism common to steam engines.
The operation of our invention. is as follows: Steam generated in boiler A
is conducted through pipe A'; passing through pressure-reducing valve L M it
is conveyed into the casing a by pipe Q' and distributed by pipe k around the

page_text: bi-sulphide of carbon vapor boiler c at a pressure (and consequently a temperature)
greatly below that of the steam in the boiler A, and evolves vapor from said liquid
bi-sulphide of carbon, which vapor as it rises in the boiler is superheated in the
upper part thereof and conducted through a conduit B' to the engine; the vapor
conduit, cylinder and valve chest being provided with casings supplied with steam
from the boiler under greater pressure (and consequently at a higher temperature)
than the steam which evolved the vapor, it (the vapor) has its tension increased
and is maintained at such increased tension until it has performed its office upon
the piston of the engine. The exhaust vapors are conducted from the engine
through the heater D, imparting their heat to the liquid bi-sulphide of carbon on
its way to the boiler from the pump H,. while at the same time the temperature of
the exhaust vapors are being reduced by contact with the coil of pipe through
which the liquid bi-sulphide is passing on its way to the boiler, in which it is again
evolved into vapor. From the heater D, the vapor passes on to the condenser E,
in which it passes. around a series of tubes through which cold water is kept in
constant circulation; from the condenser E. the liquid bi-sulphide, the condensed
vapor or gas and air are drawn by the vacuum pump I, and thereby conducted into
the auxiliary condenser F, where further condensation is effected in like manner.
The liquid bi-sulphide then passes from the condenser F into the well "G, the
uncondensed vapor, gas and the air passing from the well G into the washer H,
where they are passed through a body of water, condensing the remaining
condensible vapor and relieving the air and uncondensible gases of their noxious
odors, after which they pass through a pipe to the overflow pipe leading from the
condenser E. The liquid bi-sulphide of carbon precipitated in the bottom of the
washer, being withdrawn at suitable intervals and passed into the well G is also
returned to the boiler c to be worked over and over again. From the heater D the
liquid bi-sulphide of carbon is conducted into and through a coil located 'in one
end of the casing a, where it is subjected to the heat of the steam in said casing
before it is delivered into the body of the liquid in the boiler c, thus greatly
increasing the temperature and facilitating its evolvement into vapor in said
boiler c.
.
By the steps above enumerated it will be observed that upon starting the engine
the liquid bi-sulphide of carbon is first subjected to heat in the boiler ō of
comparatively low temperature to evolve vapor, and the vapor subjected to a
higher temperature to superheat it, and consequently increase its tension, which
increased tension is maintained throughout the time the vapor is performing work
in the engine. After the vapor has passed through the engine and condenser the
steps in the operation of evolving the vapor are changed; the liquid bi-sulphide of
carbon is drawn from the well G by the pump H and forced through the coil q in
the heater D, where it is heated by the hot vapors from the exhaust of the engine
surrounding the coil in the heater through which said liquid bi-sulphide of carbon
is passing; after leaving the coil in the heater D the liquid is conducted into and
through the coil p in the end of the casing a, where its temperature is still further
increased by the heat of the steam in said casing, and enters the bi-sulphide boiler c
at its boiling point. In the lower part of the boiler the liquid bi-sulphide of
carbon is evolved into vapor, and the vapor is superheated in the upper part of said
boiler c by the steam in the casing a, and after leaving the boiler c the vapor is
still further superheated by live steam at a higher degree of pressure (and con-
sequent temperature) drawn directly from the steam boiler A. The supply of
steam from the steam boiler to the vapor generator may be cut off at will by means
of the stop valve R between said boiler and the pressure-regulating valve L M.
By the construction and arrangement of the automatic pressure regulating valves
which control the supply of steam from the steam boiler A to the vapor generating
boiler c, and to the casing C', the pressure of the vapor evolved in the generator
and the tension of the vapor in the conduit B' will be kept at a predetermined
height; should the pressure in the-vapor generator increase above that required,

page_text: from any cause, (such as the reduction of the work required to be done by the
engine), the excess of vapor will immediately open the safety valve U' and flow
through pipe V' to the condenser E, thus avoiding any danger from said excess of
vapor in the boiler c, while at the same time the supply of steam to the vapor
.boiler and to the casing C' around the vapor conduit will be cut off until the
pressure is reduced in both to the desired amount. All of the pumps are supplied
with steam from the main steam supply pipe A', and the exhaust therefrom is
returned to the pipe Q', which conducts steam at a reduced pressure to the casing a
surrounding the vapor boiler c.
By connecting the chambers in the packing boxes around the piston and valve
rod, and the cylinder pet cocks with the exhaust pipe and vacuum pump, all
possibility of escape of vapor is absolutely obviated. All of the water resulting from
the condensation of steam applied to evolve the liquid bi-sulphide of carbon into
vapor, and to superheat the said vapor, is returned by pump J to the steam boiler A
at nearly its boiling point.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1st. The method of generating a motor, which consists in evolving vapor from
liquid bi-sulphide of carbon, by applying heat thereto, and superheating the vapor
by the application thereto of heat at a higher degree of temperature than that
under which it was evolved, substantially as described.
2d. The method of generating a motor, which consists in evolving vapor from
liquid bi-sulphide of carbon, by applying beat thereto, superheating the vapor by
applying heat thereto at a higher degree of temperature than that under which it
was evolved, and maintaining the heat of the vapor until it has performed its
work in an engine, substantially as described.
3d. The method of generating a motor, which consists in evolving vapor from
liquid bi-sulphide of carbon by applying thereto the heat of steam at a com-
paratively low degree of pressure and temperature, superheating the vapor with
steam at a higher degree of pressure and temperature and maintaining the tension
thereof throughout the working stroke of an engine, exhausting and condensing
the vapor and finally returning the liquid bi-sulphide of carbon to the vapor
generator, substantially as described.
4th. The method of generating a motor, which consists in evolving vapor from
liquid bi-sulphide of carbon by heating the liquid by the exhaust vapor from an
engine, then applying thereto the heat of steam at a low degree of pressure and
temperature, superheating the vapor by steam at a higher degree of pressure and
temperature, and maintaining the temperature and tension of the vapor throughout
the power stroke of an engine, substantially as described.
5th. The method of generating a motor, which consists in evolving vapor from
liquid bi-sulphide of carbon by the application of the heat of steam at a low
pressure and temperature, automatically controlling the supply of steam to the
vapor generator, superheating the vapor with steam at a higher degree of pressure
and temperature, and automatically controlling the supply of steam to the vapor
conduit and cylinder casings, substantially as described.
6th. In a bi-sulphide of carbon engine the method of treating the vapor, gases
and air which pass from the condenser, which consists in conducting them through
a body of water contained in a suitable vessel, precipitating and purifying the
liquid bi-sulphide of carbon resulting from condensation therein and relieving the
gases and air of their noxious odors, substantially as described.
7th. In a bi-sulphide of carbon engine the combination of a steam boiler as A,
a vapor generator as B, a steam supply pipe and pressure reducing valve as L M,
a vapor conduit as B' and its casing, pressure regulating valve as F', and a
pipe for conducting steam to the casing C', substantially as described.

page_text: 8th. In a bi-sulphide of carbon engine the combination of a steam boiler as A,
a vapor generator as B, a main condenser as E, an auxiliary condenser as F and a
well as G, substantially as described.
9th. In a bi-sulphide of carbon engine the combination of a steam boiler as A,
a vapor generator as B, a main condenser as E, an auxiliary condenser as F, a
vacuum pump as I, and a well as G, substantially as described.
10th. In a bi-sulphide of carbon engine, the combination of a steam boiler as A,
a vapor generator as B, a main condenser as E, an auxiliary condenser as F, &
vacuum pump as I, a well as G, a liquid pump as H and a heater as D, substantially
as described.
11th. In a bi-sulphide of carbon engine, the combination of a steam boiler as A,
a vapor generator as B, a condenser as E, a vacuum pump as I, a well as G and a
washer as K, substantially as described.
.
12th. In a bi-sulphide of carbon engine the rod packing, consisting of the
combination of a head as 6" provided with a packing chamber in which is contained
a ring as g" interposed between the strata of the packing material, and a separate
chamber as " containing a liquid packing, substantially as described.
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13th. In a bi-sulphide of carbon engine, the rod packing consisting of the
combination of a head as b", provided with a chamber for containing a solid
packing and a gland as f" having two chambers, one as k" for a body of liquid in
which the rod reciprocates, the other as t" for a solid packing, substantially as
described.
14th. In a bi-sulphide of carbon engine, the rod packing consisting of the
combination of a head as b", provided with a chamber containing packing material
and a chamber connected with a vacuum pump by means of a pipe as p", with a
gland provided with an oil chamber as " surrounding the rod, and a reservoir
as m' for supplying oil to said oil chamber, substantially as described.
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