Year: 1885

page_text: 1 EMIL HAMMERSTEIN of The Holborn Viaduct Hotel in the City of London
Merchant do hereby declare the nature of this invention (communicated by
F. S. Köhler of Prague in the Empire of Austria Manufacturer) to be as follows:-
The object of my invention is primarily to make shot or small spherical bullets
by simple mechanical apparatus but this apparatus and my invention can also be used
to make small or even moderately large spherical articles of other materials and for
other purposes.
To carry out this object I take a sheet of the lead or other metal or material and
cut and divide the same into cubes or other shaped pieces of the desired size in and
by any convenient machine or otherwise. I then place a suitable number of these
cubes or pieces in a strong closed box or casing or chamber to which is then given an
extremely rapid reciprocating motion preferably in a vertical direction. The friction
or the frequent rapid impingement of these cubes or pieces upon each other speedily
reduces the same to a spherical shape as is desired.
The reciprocating motion can be given in any desired manner. A very convenient
method consists in mounting between suitable vertical or other guides or otherwise
one or more of the boxes or casings or chambers on the ends of connecting rods the
other ends of which are mounted on crank pins or crank rods and to the shaft which
carries these cranks rotary motion is given in any usual or convenient manner.
Dated this 28th day of November 1885.

page_text: SIMITTAT ATCICIOS.
I EMIL HAMMERSTEIN of The Holborn Viaduct Hotel in the City of London
Merchant do hereby declare the nature of this invention (communicated by
F. S. Köhler of Prague in the Empire of Austria Manufacturer) and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates primarily and chiefly to the manufacture of shot or small
spherical bullets generally from lead and the object thereof is to effect and carry out
this manufacture aforesaid by simple mechanical apparatus but at the same time this
apparatus can also be used to make small or even moderately large spherical or
rounded articles of other materials and for other purposes.
To carry out this object I take a sheet of the lead or other metal or material that is
to be used and I cut and divide the same into pieces of the desired shape and size in
and by any convenient machine or otherwise. An extremely suitable machine for so
cutting and dividing the sheet of metal or material as aforesaid and also com-
municated to me by my correspondent F. S. Köhler of Prague Austria is described
in the specification of my Patent number 14651 dated 28 November 1885. For shot
and other spherical articles these pieces so made as aforesaid ought to be and pre-
ferably are and when made in the machine described in the specification hereinbefore
mentioned will generally be of a cubical shape. I then place a suitable number of
these pieces so made as aforesaid in a strong closed box or chamber to which box or
chamber a rapid reciprocating motion is given preferably in a vertical direction by
any convenient appliance or otherwise. The friction or the frequent sharp impinge-
ment of the pieces within the box or chamber upon each other and upon the walls of
the said box or chamber consequent on this rapid reciprocating motion aforesaid
speedily reduces the said pieces to a spherical or rounded shape as is desired. The
box or chamber is preferably made of a somewhat flat shape or form so that the
pieces therein cannot be projected by the rapid reciprocating motion any very great
distance.
It is sufficently obvious that this apparatus can be used to make spherical or
rounded articles of any material that is not too soft to sustain the friction of the pieces
thereof in the box or chamber and the rapidity of the motion of the said box or
chamber is preferably varied for each material or for differing degrees of hardness
produced or found in pieces of the same material the general rule being that the

page_text: harder the material that is to be treated the greater ought to be the rapidity of motion
while it is also very obvious that an higher rapidity will produce a given effect in a
shorter space of time but care must be taken that the pieces of material are not caused
to become unduly heated by the friction aforesaid or when the said pieces are of metal
that the same do not become softened unduly thereby.
As is hereinbefore stated the reciprocating motion can be given by any convenient
appliances or otherwise. In the accompanying drawings I shew a very suitable
machine for this purpose.
Figure 1 is a side elevation of the machine. Figure 2 is a vertical section of
the same.
Between vertical guides in the frame A are fitted two tables B in such a manner
that the same can travel in and between the said guides and on the said tables Ba
suitable number of boxes or chambers D are secured in any convenient manner. The
tables B are secured to and supported by the ends of two connecting rods E which
work through bushes or guides F formed therefor in a connecting rib or web of the
frame A and to the said rods E are jointed the crank rods H mounted on the crank or
eccentric pins I on the flywheels K which flywheels K are carried by and secured on
the ends of the shaft L. The shaft L is mounted in suitable bearings and may also
carry the fast and loose pulleys M and M' by and through which the same can be
revolved when required in any usual manner or the said shaft L may be revolved by
any other usual or convenient means and appliances and to ensure smooth and even
working the crank or eccentric pins I are preferably set or placed on diametrically
opposite sides of the said shaft L with an angle of 180° between them and an equal
number of boxes or chambers D containing an equal weight of the pieces to be treated
as aforesaid are preferably placed on each of the two tables B. The shaft L is pre-
ferably also situated below the floor or ground as shewn in the drawings so that the
tables B may be at a convenient height thereabove for the handling of the boxes or
chambers D. Thus and in and by this machine when the shaft L is revolved at the
proper speed the required rapidity of reciprocating motion is given to the boxes or
chambers D as may be desired to make the shot or other similar articles in manner
hereinbefore described.
When this apparatus hereinbefore described is to be used for the manufacture of
shot or small spherical bullets from lead the tops and bottoms N of the boxes or
chambers D are preferably made of metal while the sides T thereof are preferably
made of wood or other nonconductor of heat whereby the danger of these boxes
becoming unduly heated and thus and therefore of unduly softening the lead is
diminished if not entirely obviated.
I have thus described and I have shewn in the drawings a very suitable machine
for effecting and carrying out the manufacture of shot and other similar articles from
cubes and pieces of lead and other material and I may state that extremely good
results have been obtained in the manufacture of shot from cubes of lead in and by
this machine as so described and shown when the same is formed and proportioned
and treated in the following manner. Each box or chamber is made with a depth of
three inches and a shallow layer say with a depth of from one quarter to one half of
an inch of cubes of lead is placed in each box. Two boxes are placed one over the
other on each table and the tables are given a stroke of seven inches or that is to say
the cranks if any are three inches and an half inch long. The apparatus is then
driven at a speed of two hundred revolutions per minute and in a very few minutes
the exact number depending on the degree of hardness of the lead that is being
treated the cubes that had been placed in the boxes will have assumed an exact
spherical form.
At the same time I would have it clearly understood that I do not limit myself to
these details hereinbefore stated for as is hereinbefore declared the rapidity of motion
may be varied as may be required in each particular case neither do I limit myself

page_text: to the particular machine hereinbefore described and shewn in the accompanying
drawings for any appliances that will give the required reciprocating motion to the
box or chamber that contains the pieces of material can be used.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is
The boxes or chambers D to which a rapid reciprocating motion is given substantially
as and for the purpose hereinbefore described and shewn in the accompanying
drawing.