IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND FORCING WATER OR OTHER LIQUIDS."
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Isaac Shone, of Wrexham, in the County of Denbigh,
Mining Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR RAISING
AND FORCING WATER OR OTHER LIQUIDS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Isaac Shone at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th August 1877.
ISAAC SHONE, of Wrexham, in the County of Denbigh, Mining Engineer.
"IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND FORCING WATER OR OTHER LIQUIDS."
My improved apparatus for raising and forcing water or other liquids has for its
main object to raise water from great depths, as from mines or wells, but it is also
applicable for pumping water from shallow depths.
The apparatus consists mainly of a close tank or vessel (made of any suitable
material) which is to be sunk into the body of water or other liquid which is to be
operated upon. To this tank or vessel is adapted a short supply pipe, provided
with a suitable valve opening inwards for admitting the liquid into the close tank,
and a vertical pipe for the passage of the water therefrom.
The expulsion of the water from the tank when the latter is full is effected by
means of compressed air contained in a reservoir above. This compressed air is
conducted down to the close tank in the mine or well by a second long tube, pro-
vided at its lower end with a valve. The air is compressed in the reservoir to a
pressure sufficient to force the water up the discharge tube, so that when the
compressed air is admitted to the tank it will press on the surface of the water and
force it up the discharge pipe, and deliver it from the open upper end into aný
receptacle placed there for the purpose. When all the water has been forced out
of the tank the air is discharged therefrom through a pipe placed at the upper part
of the tank, and provided with a valve or cock which may be closed and opened at
the proper time. As the air is.allowed to escape from the tank more water will flow in
through the.supply.pipe to fill its place. The exit air valve must be closed when
the tank is full, and the valve on the compressed air pipe opened again to let in
Paise 11

page_text: more compressed air which will act as before. The tank will thus be alternately
filled with water and compressed air, the latter being used to force the water up
the discharge pipe, as already explained.
If desired, the valves may be made self-acting by means of a float placed inside
the tank, and which would act upon levers keyed on the spindles of the valves or
otherwise.
The compressed air when discharged from the tank may be used either for
ventilating the mine or for driving any machinery for which it may be applicable.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Isaac Shone in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 6th February
1878.
ISAAC SHONE, of Wrexham, in the County of Denbigh, Mining Engineer.
"IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND FORCING WATER OR OTHER LIQUIDS."
My improved apparatus has for its object the forcing or raising of water or other
liquids from great as well as from shallow depths, such as from mines, wells;
reservoirs, pools, rivers, irrigation and sewage works, et cetera.
The apparatus consists mainly of a close tank or vessel, made of any suitable
material, which may be sunk into the liquid to be operated upon, or it may be
fixed or placed in a dry situation below the level of the source from whence the
liquid to be forced or raised may run by gravitation. To this tank or vessel is
adapted a suitable valve which opens inwards, so as to admit the liquid into the
closed tank or vessel. There is also a pipe attached to the tank or vessel for the
discharge of the water or other liquid therefrom after the tank has been filled with
liquid. This pipe may be placed in a horizontal position (or at any ascending
angle with the horizon), and it is provided at its lower part with a suitable valve
opening inwards to admit the liquid into the pipe and prevent its return into the
tank.
The expulsion of the water or other liquid from the close tank or vessel (when
the latter is full) is effected by means of compressed air or gas contained in and
emanating from a reservoir or receiver connected with an air or gas compressing
engine; or the air or gas may be conducted direct from the air or gas compressing
engine to the close tank or vessel. This compressed air or gas is conducted from
the reservoir, receiver, or engine to the close tank or vessel in the mine, well, or
other source of liquid (to be operated upon) by a second pipe or tube connected
with the tank, and provided at or near the tank with a suitable valve or cock,
which is operated in the manner hereafter described. The air or gas is compressed
by the engine to a pressure sufficient to force or raise the water or other liquid at
the required velocity or speed through the discharge tube or pipe, and cause it to
run into any suitable receptacle or channel or to any required position or situation.
It will now be understood that when the compressed air or gas is admitted into
the close tank or vessel it will press upon the surface of the water or other liquid,
and force or raise it through the discharge pipe or tube to its intended or required
destination. When the water has been forced out of the tank the compressed air
is discharged, therefrom through another pipe or tube provided with a valve or

page_text: cock which is to be closed and opened at the proper times, as will be hereafter
explained. As the compressed air is allowed to escape more water will flow into
the tank through the valve provided for the purpose until the tank is again full.
The supply valve or cock in the compressed air pipe must then be opened to let in
more compressed air, which will act as before, and force or raise the water from the
close tank through the discharge pipe or tube. The tank will thus be alternately
filled with water and compressed air.
If desired, the valves or cocks may be made self-acting by means of a float placed
in the tank, and made to act upon levers in connection with the spindles of the
valves or cocks on the compressed air induction and eduction pipes, as hereafter
explained; or these levers inay be acted upon from above by means of a rod con-
nected therewith, as shewn at Fig. 1 in the accompanying Drawings.
The compressed air when discharged from the close tank may be used either for
ventilating a mine or for driving any machinery for which it may be applicable,
or for acting in a similar manner on a body of water in another tank or a series of
tanks; or it may be recompressed to a higher pressure, so as to work any machinery
or to force water more rapidly, or to greater heights, or from greater depths than
the original compressed air would do.
In the accompanying Drawings Fig. 1 is a sectional view of my improved
apparatus as it would appear if suspended by a chain in a vertical shaft or well,
and immersed in the water to be operated upon.
The close tank a is made of sheet iron, and, by preference, of a cylindrical shape,
and of such strength as to enable it to safely withstand the internal pressure to
which it would be subjected. This close tank a is provided with a suitable valve b¹,
opening inwards to admit the water. The compressed air for forcing the water out
of the tank is admitted thereto by the pipe or tube c, provided with a cock or
valve c for shutting or opening a communication between the pipe c and the
tank a.
The water is forced by the elastic force of the compressed air up through
the pipe d to any required spot. When the volume of water has been forced out of
the tank a the latter will contain compressed air. The cock or valve c¹ must then
be closed, and the cock or valve e¹ on the exit air pipe must be opened to allow the
air to escape from the tank a (from whence it may be conducted to any required
place), in order to admit a fresh supply of liquid to the tank through the valve b¹.
The valves c¹ and e¹ would be operated by an attendant, who may stand on a
platform above. The cocks c¹ and e' are worked by means of a rod h attached to
the levers g, gl, keyed on to the spindles of the valves c¹ and e¹, and connected
together with a connecting bar or rod f, as shewn in the Drawing, or they may be
operated in any other convenient manner. The filling and emptying of the tank
with the water would be denoted to the attendant by means of a weight j', attached
by means of a rod and chain or rope to a float jon the surface of the water or the
tanka.
This suspended weight may be made to slide up and down the face of
a scale, and would thus shew the height or depth of the liquid in the tank. The
weight may, moreover, be made to act upon electric or other bells or signals to
ensure the attention of the attendant.
Fig. 2 shews my improved apparatus with a self-acting arrangement attached,
such as might be attached to it if it was desired to work the apparatus auto-
matically.
T¹ is a close tank for the reception of the water; W. P', is a supply pipe to
convey the water from the reservoir, pond, river, or other source into the tank when
it is desired that the apparatus should not be immersed in the liquid to be operated
upon. This pipe W, P₁, may be of any length, and communicates with the source
of the liquid to be operated upon, and may be attached to any convenient part of
the tank. W, P2, is the exit pipe or tube through which the water is forced from
out of the tank T¹; A, P', is a pipe to convey compressed air into the tank T¹;
A, P2, is the exit pipe to convey the compressed air from the tank T¹ after it has
done its work in forcing the water out of the tank; V₁ is a clack valve placed on
the end of the pipe W, P¹, to prevent water or compressed air from passing out of

page_text: the tank T through the pipe W, P¹; V2 is a self-acting valve placed at or near the
bottom of the pipe W, P2, to prevent the water (forced through it) from returning
into the tank; V³ is a valve or cock (in the pipe A, P¹) operated upon by the self-
acting arrangement to open and shut the communication for the compressed air,
which passes through the pipe A, P¹, into the tank T¹; V₁ is a valve or cock in the
pipe A, P2, acted upon by the self-acting arrangement to open or shut the com-
munication between the tank T¹ and the pipe A, P2; F is a float immersed in the
tank T, and which rises or falls with the liquid in the tank; R' is a rod attached
to the float F, and passed through a stuffing box S, B, fixed on the upper part of
the tank T. The rod R¹ carries a tappet or stud S¹, and a chain, cord, or rope may
be attached to the rod R', and made to pass over a pulley P, and be connected with
the weight B, W, which rises as the liquid falls, and lowers as the liquid rises in
the tank T¹; L and L2 are levers connected with and operating upon the slide
valve V5, and moved by the tappet or stud S¹ on the rod R¹; C is a cylinder
similar in construction to an ordinary steam engine cylinder, and provided with a
slide valve V. A tube or pipe A, P³, conveys compressed air into the cylinder C¹
by means of the slide valve V; E, P¹, is the exhaust compressed air pipe to convey
the compressed air away from the cylinder C¹ after it has done its work therein;
R³ is a piston rod connected with a piston working in the cylinder C¹; P, G³, is a
pressure guage to shew the internal pressure in the tank T.
The float F is shewn to stand at the bottom of the tank as it would do when the
tank T¹ had been emptied of its liquid contents down to the dotted line W, L¹, (or
thereabouts), the float rod R¹ connected therewith would then press upon the lever
L' attached by its opposite end to the spindle of the slide valve V5, and would
cause the slide valve V5 to move into position, so as to admit compressed air
through the pipe or tube A, P³, into the lower end of the cylinder C¹, which would
move the piston and piston rod R³ upwards.
The automatic arrangement is shewn in front, side, plan, and detail views drawn
upon an enlarged scale at Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7; Figures 3, 4, and 5 being front
side and sectional plan views of the apparatus; and Fig. 6, a vertical section of
the cylinder C' and valve V5 detached; and Fig. 7 is a vertical section of the
valve V4
The tappet or stud S2 on the piston rod R³ would move the lever L³
upwards, and close the valve Vs in the pipe A, P¹; thus cutting off the com-
munication between the compressed air pipe A, P¹, and the tank T. Immediately
afterwards the tappet S2 (still moving upwards) would operate upon the lever L*
attached to the spindle of the valve V4, and would open a communication between
the tank T and the atmosphere. This would relieve the pressure in the tank T¹,
and the water would again flow through the pipe W, P¹, into the tank and fill it,
when the float F would rise with the liquid into the position indicated by dots, or
until the water had filled the tank T', when the tappet or stud S¹ on the float rod
R¹ would press against and move the lever L2 connected by a rod -R with the
lever L', which would move the spindle of the slide valve V³ in the reverse direction,
and thereby admit compressed air into the upper end of the cylinder C¹, and cause
the piston and piston rod R³ to move downwards, first closing the valve V¹ by
the lever L, and next opening the valve V3 by the lever L³, which first closes the
exit of the air from the tank T, and opens the compressed air valve on the pipe
A, P¹, thereby allowing the air to pass into the close tank T¹ again to force the
water through the pipe W, P2, as before described.
Fig. 8 shews an elevation of a double arrangement of my improved apparatus
operated by the self-acting mechanism. This arrangement is intended to provide a
practically continuous stream of water up the discharge pipe.
T and T are close tanks, as before, and W, P¹, and W, P2, are discharge pipes to
convey the water from the close tanks to its required destination. These pipes may
be joined together by a junction piece above the apparatus, as shewn in the
Drawing, or if preferred they may be carried separately in any direction to the
termination of the lift of the water. The pipes W, P³, and W, P2, have suitable

page_text: valves placed at their lower extremities to prevent the return of the water after it
has passed into the pipes from the close tanks T. and T2 respectively; A, PL, and
A, P, are pipes to convey compressed air into the tanks T and T2 respectively, in
order to force or raise the water through the discharge. pipes W, P¹, and W, P³.
These pipes may be joined together above the apparatus, as shewn in the Drawing,
or otherwise as may be most convenient. A, P2, and A, P³, are pipes to convey the
compressed air from the tanks T¹ and T2 respectively after it has done its work in
forcing the liquid; R' and R² are brass or other rods connected to floats placed in
the tanks T1 and T2, and working through stuffing boxes placed in the top of the
tanks. These rods carry on their upper parts the tappets or studs S¹ and S² placed
at proper positions thereon to operate on the levers L¹ and L².
The levers L' and L2 are connected with the spindle of the slide valve V5 of the
cylinder C, the fulcrums of the levers being so placed that the levers may move the
slide valve spindle each in the opposite direction to the other; V₁ and V₁ are
valves or cocks placed in the pipes A, P¹, and A, P4, to open or shut a com-
munication between these pipes and the interior of the tanks T¹ and T²; V² and
V³ are valves or cocks placed in the pipes A, P2, and A, P³, to open or shut a com-
munication between the interior of the tanks T1 and T2 and these pipes.
Levers e¹, e², e³, and e¹ are attached to the spindles of the valves or cocks V1, V2,
V3, and V, so as move the valves when operated upon by other parts of the
apparatus hereafter described. C₁ is a cylinder constructed like an ordinary steam
engine cylinder, and provided with a slide valve V5; B¹ is a cross head or bar
attached to the rod R³ of a piston working in the cylinder C¹. Tappets or studs S³
and S' are fixed to the cross head or bar B¹ so as to operate upon the levers e¹, e²,
and e³, e; W, P³, and W, P', are pipes or conduits to convey the water to be operated
upon into the tanks T and T².
These pipes may be fixed to any part of the tanks, and may lead from different
sides or from either side into one or both tanks, as indicated by the Drawing. One
or both of these pipes may have a sluice valve S, V, fixed therein in order that the
water may be shut off from one or both tanks when required. The pipes W, P³,
and W, P, have attached to their euds in the tanks T1 and T2 suitable valves or
clacks V and V7 to prevent the compressed air or the water, which may be
contained in the tanks, from being forced back through these pipes. The tanks T¹
and T have pressure gauges P, G, and P, G2, attached where desired to indicate
the internal pressure in those tanks. The tank T' having been filled with water,
the float F and float rod R' would rise and release the lever L' attached to the
slide valve V5. The other tank T being empty, the float F2 therein would by
means of the float rod R² bring down the tappet or stud S2, and cause the latter to
press on the lever L³, also connected with the slide valve V5, and move the slide
valve downwards, thus admitting compressed air by the pipe A, P5, into the upper
end of the cylinder C¹, and move the piston therein and the piston rod R³ con-
nected therewith downwards, carrying with it the cross head or bar B' with the
tappets S and S. As the tappets move downwards, they would operate first on the
levers e² and et attached to the spindles of the valves V2 and V4, the valve V2 in
the exit pipe A, P2, being closed, and the valve V* also being closed, thus shutting
off the exit of air from the tank T', also closing the passage of compressed air into
the tank T. As the tappets S3 and St still move downwards they would next
operate on the levers e¹ and e³ attached to the spindles of the valves V₁ and V³,
and by so doing would open both of them, thus admitting compressed air into the
tank T, and allowing the compressed air in the tank T2 to escape. The compressed
air would now force the water contained in the tank T₁ up the pipe W, P¹, to its
desired destination, the float and float rod in the tank moving downwards as the
water was forced out until the tappet S₁ attached to the rod came into contact with
the lever L, which would be moved upwards by the pressure of the tappet S', the
fulcrum of the lever being at f¹. The compressed air would now pass into the
lower end of the cylinder C¹, and move the piston therein upwards, when

page_text: the operation described with regard to the levers e¹, e², e³, and e¹ attached to the
valves V1, V2, V3, and V4 would be reversed.
While the water contained in the tank T¹ was being forced or raised up the
pipe W, P¹, the tank T would be filled with water from the lodgement or other
reservoir through the pipe W, P4, and be ready for the application of the compressed
air through the pipe A, P³, when the valve V³ had been moved or operated upon by
the cross-head or bar B', by means of the lever e³ as described. The water would
then be forced or raised from the tank T2 through the pipe or tube W, P³, to its
required destination. On the float again moving downwards the rod R2 would
again press upon the lever L2 of the slide valve V5, which would be moved down-
wards, and the operation as described would be repeated so long as the water
entered the tanks or so long as the compressed air was allowed to be supplied to
the apparatus.
The compressed air when discharged from the tanks may be used for ventilating
a mine, or for driving machinery, or for any other purpose for which it may be
required to be utilized.
Fig. 11 is a side view of my improved apparatus arranged in the form of a
series of lifts. This arrangement has been devised for the purpose of forcing or
raising water or other liquids to great heights. L is a lodgement or other reservoir
of water to be operated upon; Ta is a close tank of suitable construction, into
which the water or liquid to be operated upon passes; Tb is a tank of the same
capacity as the tank Ta, but is placed at any desired height above the latter.
The tank To receives, the water which is forced from the tank Te through the
pipes W, Pa.
The tank Tb can be made of a greater capacity than the tank Ta, in cases where
an extra source of water was required to be admitted into it, such extra capacity
being governed by the quantity of liquid passing from the extra source, as indicated
in the Drawing by the dotted lines marked Lb. The pipe W, Pa, through which
the liquid would pass from the tank To to the tank Tb, has a suitable valve or clack
fixed in order to prevent the return of the liquid into the tank T; A, P, is a
pipe to convey compressed air into the tank T₁; A, Pal, is a pipe to convey the
compressed air away from the tank Ta after it has done its work therein; W, Pb,
is a pipe to convey the water from. the tank T while it is being forced by the
compressed air supplied therein. This pipe would deliver the liquid either up to
the surface or other desired place, or into another close tank to be operated upon
therein by compressed air, so as to be forced or raised to the desired height; A, Pb,
is a pipe to convey compressed air into the tank T, to force the water contained
therein through the pipe W, Pb, to its required destination; A, Pb, is a pipe to
convey the compressed air away from the tank T after it has done its work therein.
Both these tanks have a self-acting arrangement operated by a float and float rod
working in each tank, and acting upon the valves in the compressed air supply and
exit pipes A, Pa, A, Pal, A, Pb, and A, Pb, in order to admit compressed air into and
out of the tanks T and Tb.at proper times. These parts may be similar in construction
to the self-acting arrangement already shown and fully described, or otherwise.
It will be understood from what has been described of the other arrangements
that the close tank Tª being empty, the valves in the compressed air pipes A, P³, and
A, Pal, would be moved by the action of the self-acting apparatus in connection
with the tank, so as to shut off the admission of compressed air through the pipe
A, P, and to allow the escape of air from the tank Ta through the pipe A, Pal.
The water from the lodgement or other reservoir L would then flow into the tank To
and fill it, when the float having risen therewith would act upon the self-acting
arrangement and close the valve in the pipe A, Pal, and open the valve in the
pipe A, Pa, thus closing the exit of the air from the tank, and opening the compressed
air supply from the pipe A, Pa, into the tank T. The water would now be forced
through the pipe W, Pa, into the tank Tb and fill it, the valve on the exit pipe
A, Pb, being open, and the valve on the compressed air feed pipe A, Pb, being closed.

page_text: As soon as the liquid had filled the tank Tb, the tank T would be emptied, both
tanks being of equal capacities; or in the case of an extra source of liquid being
admitted into the tank T, that tank and the pipes connected therewith should
be of such additional capacity as would be required for the extra source of liquid.
When the tank Tb is filled, the float by acting upon the self-acting arrangement
attached to the tank would close the valve in the pipe A, Pb, thus closing the exit
of air from the tank Tb, and afterwards opening the valve in the pipe A, Pb, and
thereby admitting compressed air into the tank Tb. The water therein would then
be forced up the pipe or tube W, Pb, to the surface or other desired destination.
When the tank Ta had emptied its contents into the tank Tb, the float therein
acting upon the self-acting arrangement connected with it would close the valve in
the compressed air feed pipe A, Pa, and shut off the compressed air from the tank Ta,
and then open the valve in the exit air pipe A, Pal, thus allowing the compressed
air in the tank Ta to escape. The water would again flow into the tank from the
lodgement or other reservoir L as before, and the operation in the tank T₁ would be
repeated.
When the compressed air operating in the tank Tb would have emptied that
vessel, the float and self-acting arrangements would have reversed the position of the
valves in the compressed air, feed, and exit pipes A, Pb, and A, Pb, so that the
pressure in the tank Tb would be released, and the water allowed to be forced therein
again from the tank Ta through the pipe W, Pª. A series of any number of my
improved apparatus inay thus be cemented together according to the height that.
the water has to be forced, and the pressure of the compressed air or gas that is
obtainable.
A portion of Fig. 2 has been already described, but in this Figure I have also
shown my improved apparatus in connection with a second close tank or vessel
(indicated by dotted lines). This arrangement is intended for the purpose of utilizing
the exit compressed air after it has done its work in forcing water out of the first
tank T¹, as before described.
The second tank T2 is by preference made of a much larger size than the tank T¹.
The tank T2 has a pipe W, P³, leading from near its bottom to convey the water
away to any required destination.
A pipe W, P, conveys the water from the lodgement or other reservoir into the
interior of the tank. This pipe W, P4, has a sluice valve S, V', inserted therein, in
order to open and shut the passage into the tank. The pipe W, P', has also a
suitable valve or clack V6 placed on the end in the interior of the tank, in order to
prevent the passage of liquid or compressed air from the tank back through the
pipe W, P
A pipe W, P5, conveys the water from the lodgement into the tank T¹, when it
would be desired that the one lodgement or reservoir should be common to both the
tanks T and T. This pipe W, P5, is also provided with a suitable valve or clack
on its end in the tank T, and also a sluice valve S, V2, for cutting off the supply
when required.
A pipe A, P, conveys the exit compressed air from the tank T¹ into the second
tank T. This pipe A, P', is provided with a suitable valve or clack V' to prevent
the return of the compressed air.
A pipe or tube A, P³, connected to the compressed air feed pipe A, Pl, conveys
compressed air from the feed pipe A, P¹, direct into the tank T, when it may be
desired to admit the compressed air at the initial or primitive pressure to assist the
exit compressed air discharged from the tank T¹ into the tank T². The pipe A, P³,
has a suitable valve Vº placed therein, to open or shut the passage of the compressed
air when required. A pipe A, Pe, fixed in the upper part of the tank T allows of
the escape of the air therefrom when required. This pipe has a suitable valve V¹³,
to open or shut the passage of air from the tank T; V8 is a valve placed in the
discharge pipe W, P³, in order to close or open the passage of water from the tank T²,
at proper times; V10 is a valve placed in the compressed air feed pipe A, P¹, in
order to close or open the passage of the compressed air into, the tank T³, if desired..

page_text: A float arrangement is operated by a float F in the tank T2, in order to indicate
the height or depth of water therein. A pressure gauge P, G2, will indicate the
internal pressure in the tank T².
In order to use this arrangement, the valve Vs in the liquid discharge pipe W, P³,
is to be closed, and the valve V12 in the exit air pipe A, P6, is to be opened. The
sluice valve S, V, in the pipe W, P, is also to be opened. The water would now
flow into the tank T2 through the pipe W, P', from the lodgement, and would rise
in the tank. When it had risen up to the required height (which would be indicated
by the float F), the valves S, V₁, and V12, in the pipes W, P, and A, P6, must then
be closed, and the apparatus connected with the tank T¹ must be set to work by
opening the valve V10 in the compressed air feed pipe A, Pl. Or the apparatus
connected with the tank T may be allowed to work while the tank T2 is being
filled. This is effected by opening the valve V on the exit compressed air
pipe A, P2, which would give a free exit for the compressed air from the tank T,
and as soon as the tank T2 is filled up to the required height with water from the
lodgement or other reservoir, the valves S, V₁, V12, and V, on the pipes W, P¹,
A, P, and A, P2, respectively, would then be closed in the order just named. The
compressed air contained in the tank T (after it has forced the liquid contained
therein through the pipe W, P2,) would now be discharged (by the action of the self-
acting arrangement) through the exit pipe A, P2, and through the pipe A, P³, into
the tank T2 now containing the water to be operated upon.
When the pressure gauges attached to each tank indicate that the pressures in
both the tanks T and T2 are in equilibrium, the valve V in the exit pipe must be
opened, and the pressure of the compressed air still contained in the tank T' would
be relieved, and the water would again flow in through the pipe W, P. The process
just described is repeated until the pressure of the air in the tank T is raised to the
initial pressure in the tank T", or to any lower pressure that may be desired to
operate upon the water contained in the tank T. As soon as the desired pressure
is obtained (which would be indicated by the pressure gauge P, G2) the valve V8
in the liquid discharge pipe W, P³, would be opened, and the water would then be
forced through the pipe W, P3, to its required destination by the pressure and
expansion of the air in the tank T.
If it should be desired to conduct compressed air direct from A, P¹, to the
tank 2 (in order to assist the exit compressed air contained therein to do its
work more efficiently or more speedily, or for any other purpose whatsoever),
the valve V9 in the pipe A, P5, (communicating with the compressed air feed
pipe A, P¹,) should be opened, when the compressed air would be admitted into the
tank T
Should it be desired to stop the passage of compressed air into the tank T, a
suitable valve V10 should be placed in the compressed air feed pipe A, P', which
would open or close the passage of compressed air into the tank T¹.
I wish it to be understood that the compressed air or gas stored up in the tank T²
may be utilised, not only for forcing or raising water or other liquids, as has been
already described, but may be used for ventilating mines, driving machinery, or for
any other purpose that may be desired.
I also wish it to be understood that I do not confine my claim to the use of one
close tank for the purpose of storing up the exit compressed air or gas, as it will be
understood that any number of tanks may be used for such storage.
The close tank 12 shown in the Drawing, Fig. 2, is represented as being placed
close to or adjoining the tank T', but it may be placed at any distance away from 'T',
as circumstances or conditions may require.
Having now described my Invention of "Improved Apparatus for Raising and
Forcing Water or other Liquids," and explained the manner of carrying the same
into effect, I wish it to be understood that under the above in part recited Letters
Patent, I claim as my Invention,-
The use for the purposes herein set forth of a close chamber or tank provided with
a valve opening inwards for the purpose of admitting water to the tank, and with

page_text: an exit water pipe for the escape of the water therefrom; and an air pipe for the
admission of the compressed air to the tank, together with a second air pipe for the
escape of the compressed air, such air and water pipes being provided with valves
which are worked either automatically or otherwise by suitable mechanism, as and
for the purpose herein set forth.
I also claim, the combination with the close tank (and the pipes and valves
connected therewith) of a second or more tanks or close vessels into which the
compressed air from the first tank is allowed to escape, as and for the purpose herein
set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Isaac Shone, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, the Fifth day of February, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-eight.
ISAAC SHONE. (L.S.)