Improvements in and connected with: Augers and Drills.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Aug., 1896-Accepted, 28th Nov., 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with: Augers and Drills.
I, AZARIAH. YELDON PEARL, of Rochester, in. the. County of Strafford, and
State of New Hampshire, United States of America, Gentleman,. do hereby
declare the nature of. this invention and in. what manner the same is to be
performed,. to be particularly described. and ascertained in. and. by the. following
statement:-
My invention relates to augers,.and the objects in view are to provide means for
supplying a lubricating material to the. boring head to prevent over-heating the
tool; to provide means for conducting a lubricating material from an exposed
portion of the shank of the auger to the various operating parts thereof which
may be concealed in the hole.which has been, bored by. the tool; to provide an
improved boring head or. disk whereby, the cuttings are removed: from the path of
the cutting edges; to provide a cutting head in which only the cutting edges are
in contact with the bottom of the hole; to provide an improved guide-block having
channels for receiving and conducting the cuttings, and cutting edges which are
adapted to penetrate by a shearing ent; to provide a simple and efficient con-
struction: whereby the cutting heads are interchangeable and the guide-block and
connected parts-are removable from.the shanks to provide for boring a round hole;
to provide means whereby the rotary. bit or cutting head: may be reversed: during
the operation of boring without communicating motion to the side cuttere, and to
provide means carried by the bit or cutting: head for removing cuttings from the
knives of the guide-block and the:side-cutters..
Further objects and advantages- of this, invention. will appear in the following
description-and the novel features: thereof, will be particularly pointed out in the
appended claims.
In the drawings:-
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a hand. auger embodying one form of my
invention, the same being shown in connection with: a. gage: constructed to
co-operate with the guide block. to arrange the latter at the desired angular
adjustment.
Fig. 2 is a vertical central section of the same.taken. in the plane of the axes of
the side cutters.
Fig. 3. is a detail view in perspective of a bit or cutting head; and the contiguous
portion of the shank. to which the. bit is attached..
Fig. 4. is a similan view of the guidb Black: detached.
Fig. 5 is a plan view of the guide block and side cutters, the.shank. being shown
in section..
Fig. 6. is a detail view in perspective of the. clutch-block; detached, the same
being inverted.
Fig. 7 is a detail in perspective of the rotary sleeve on barrel and feeding webs,
detached.
Fig. 8 is a perspective view of a power or machine: auger constructed in
accordance with my invention; the same showing a slightly modified construction
of lubricating device.
Fig. 9 is a central vertical section of the same..
Fig. 10 is a detail view in perspective of a slightly modified form of bit provided
with four wings..
Fig. 11 is a similar view of another modified form of bit. in which the cutting
and rear edges of contiguous wings are separate..

page_text: ;
Fig. 12 is a detail view in perspective of the gage, which is shown in connection
with the auger in Fig. 1.
Similar numerals of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures of
the drawing.
I would state that my invention is particularly adapted for boring angular holes,
and in the construction shown in Figs. 1 to 7, inclusive, 1 indicates a shank shown
as provided with a longitudinal lubricating duct or channel 2 extending from a
point above the cutting head and preferably near the center of the length of the
shank to a point near the lower end thereof, whereby oil may be conducted by said
duct to a suitable bit or cutting head 3, which is shown as secured to the lower
end of the shank. This bit or cutting head is preferably made detachable from
the shank 1, it being herein shown as provided with a threaded stem 4 to engage a
threaded socket in the lower end of the shank, whereby the bits are made inter
changeable to provide for the use upon a single shank of a plurality of bits of
different sizes and adapted for different classes of boring.
The bit herein shown is provided with a plurality of cutting edges 6, shown as two
in number and formed at the front or advance edges of diametrically opposite
wings 7 the lower surface of said wings, for the best results, being inclined down-
ward toward said cutting edges whereby the cutting edges alone come in contact
with the bottom of the hole during operation. Furthermore, the throats 8 formed
between the beveled cutting edges 6 and the contiguous rear portions of the wings
are herein shown as increased in width toward the upper surface of the bit to
provide for the ready release of cuttings to prevent choking, and the upper
surfaces of the wings contiguous to the cutting edges thereof are preferably
provided with roughened or serrated clearing surfaces 9 the function of which will
be fully explained hereinafter, and depending from the wings near the cutting
edges thereof I have provided the usual peripheral scoring lips 10.
Loosely mounted upon the lower end of the shank contiguous to and preferably
supported by the bit or cutting head is the guide-block 12 shown as provided with
opposite knives 13 having beveled lower cutting edges extending downward to the
plane of the cutting edges of the bit or cutting head.
The knives on the guide-block are beveled at their inner sides (see Fig. 4)
and the wings of the bit are beveled, as shown at 14, Fig. 2, upon the upper
sides to allow the knives of the guide-block to lie exterior to the periphery
of the bit and extend to the plane of the cutting edges of the same, and, in order
to allow the extreme outer ends of the cutting edges 6 of the bit to intersect in
their rotation the outer planes or cutting surfaces of the knives on the guide
block, the cutting edges of the guide block knives are shown as concaved at their
centers, as at 15, the cutting edges of the bit working in these concaved or cut-
away portions.
The knives of the guide-block are preferably provided at one edge with a
vertical scoring and guiding lip 16, and the adjacent portions or corners of the
cutting edges of the knives are extended slightly beyond the plane of the cutting
edges of the bit, to form advance spurs 17 which are adapted to penetrate the
material in advance of the cutting edges of the bit to insure the proper guiding
of the auger during operation, particularly when first starting and positioning the
auger.
These advance spurs extend to the plane of the extreme lower edges of the
depending scoring lips of the bit, and may, as shown in the drawing project
slightly beyond the same.
The guide block at its lower end is shown as made slightly concaved, that is,
grooved around the shank, as at 18, to give clearance through which the cuttings
may be rolled or pushed by the roughened or serrated clearing surfaces 9 of the
bit into suitable channels to be hereinafter, described, thereby preventing the
cuttings from lodging or wedging between the bit or rotary cutters and guide block
to interfere with the proper operation of the auger.
Also, the guide block is provided contiguous to the advance edge of each of its

page_text: knives and hence contiguous to the upwardly moving sides of the side rotary
cutters 19 (the direction of rotation of said cutters being shown by the arrow in
Fig. 1) with upwardly-extending and widening channels 20 which are preferably
flared or enlarged toward the upper side of the guide block in order to insure the
free passage of cuttings and prevent the crowding or packing thereof.
I have also shown channels 20" in the top of the guide-block, beneath the ends
of the spiral wings 22 and inclined toward the clearance channels 20 to prevent
chips from crowding between the block and the said wings or other superjacent
member of the auger hereinafter described, and a cutting lip 20, is preferably
formed on each side of the block close to the plane of the adjacent rotary cutter
to cut or break up chips pushed against them and thereby guard against crowding
and insure a clean cut. The said lips 20° at the same time break up and prevent
chips from crowding between the guide-block and the rotary cutters.
Loosely mounted upon the shank, above and herein shown with its lower end in
contact with the upper end of the guide block, is a rotating member shown in the
form of a sleeve or barrel 21 provided with the spirally twisted wings 22, the
lower extremities of which in the present construction are rounded to form pro-
jections by which motion is communicated from the sleeve or barrel to the teeth or
spurs of the side cutters. In other words, while one of the side cutters is receiving
motion from one of the wings, the other side cutter is at rest, whereby the power
necessary to operate the auger is reduced, and a uniform resistance is offered to
the operation thereof. These wings are spirally disposed upon the sleeve or barrel
with concaved front faces, whereby the wings perform the additional function of
conveyors for the cuttings or chips.
To rotate this member 21 I have provided a suitable clutch 23 as shown
consisting of a clutch-block 24 secured to the shank by means of a set-screw 25 and
carrying a pawl 26 acted upon by a spring as 29 which is adapted to engage a tooth
or detent 27 on the upper end of the sleeve or barrel 21 so that rotation of the
shank in one direction will cause like rotation of the member or sleeve 21. One
face of the pawl, or it may he of the detent 27 (or both as shown in the drawings)
is beveled whereby an opposite rotation of the shank will cause the pawl to ride
idly over the detent, without rotating the sleeve or member 21 this being useful in
reversing the rotation of or unscrewing the bit from the bule, the side cutters being
thus prevented from rotating.
It is also desirable, under certain circumstances, to raise the sleeve member on
the shank to disengage the wings from the spurs of the side cutters, and in order to
provide for such an operation without altering the adjustment of the clutch-block,
1 provide said block (see Fig. 6) in its under side with a beveled recess 30 into
which the tooth or detent 27 of the sleeve or member 21 may pass when the shank
has been reversed sufficiently to bring it in alignment therewith, the lower portion
of the bore of the clutch-block being enlarged, as shown at 31, to receive the upper.
end of the sleeve or barrel.
From the above description the operation of the improved auger will be readily
understood, and it will be obvious that oil or other lubricating material introduced
into the duct or channel in the shank above the cutting head, as through a lateral
opening 32 as shown in the sleeve or barrel, will be fed by the duct or channel to a
point contiguous to the bit or cutting head whereby it is supplied at the point of
cutting to prevent heating the cutters and at the same time lubricate the operating
parts to prevent unnecessary friction.
This duct or channel as shown is covered or concealed throughout, and it may be
fed from a point exterior to the hole which is being bored by the tool and extends
to the point of cutting, its adoption thereby obviating the necessity of withdrawing
the auger in order to lubricate its parts or supply a cooling fluid, and at the same
time avoiding the contact of the lubricant with the cuttings which ordinarily
interfere with the downward progress of the oil and thus prevent the same from
being applied effectively to the working parts. Communicating with the

page_text: perforation 32 and secured to and carried by the sleeve or barrel is a reservoir 32*,
having a screw-plug 32.
In the form of my invention which is illustrated in Figs. 8 and 9 and which is
more particularly adapted to be driven by mechanical power, the construction of
the cutters and operating parts is substantially the same as that herein before
described, but instead of arranging the wings by which motion is communicated
from the shank to the side cutters upon a sleeve or barrel, as in the previously
described form of my invention, I have fixed them to the shank, the latter being
centrally bored, as shown at 33, for the reception of the stem 34 of the bit or
cutting head 35, a set-screw 40 clamping the shank and stem together as one piece,
and the guide-block is mounted upon the said stem. The stem, as shown, is
longitudinally channeled as at 36, to convey a. lubricating material from a
reservoir 37 affixed to and surrounding the shank, said reservoir being filled with
tow or waste, as shown at 38 and provided with a suitable screw plug when used
horizontally. A radial perforation 39 connects the reservoir with the bure of the
shank whereby the lubricant is fed continuously to the operating parts of the auger,
as described herein before.
A removable spacing or bearing-block 41 is shown arranged in the upper end of
the bore of the shank to prevent the lower end of the shank from bearing forcibly
upon the upper surface of the guide-block and arowding the same between the
lower end of the shank and the upper surface of the bit, interfering with the
operation of the parts.
When the auger is used for drilling round holes, and the guide-block and
connected parts are detached, this bearing or spacing-block in the upper end of the
bore is removed in order to allow the stem of the bit to pass entirely into the bore
and thus bring the lower ends of the wings on the spiral holder down to the plane
of the upper surface of the bit.
In the form of my improved auger which is illustrated in Figs. 1 to 7, the guide
block may be disconnected to allow the lower ends of the wings ou the spiral
holder to be lowered to the plane of the upper side of the bit, when it is desired to
adapt the auger for drilling round holes, and in order to facilitate the disengagement
of the bit from the lower end of the shank the wings of the bit are provided
at diametrically opposite points with flattened surfaces 42 for engagement by a
wrench.
In connection with the above described mechanism, I employ a gage (shown
in Fig. 1, full size, and in Fig. 12 on a reduced scale) for holding the guide-block
in the desired angular position during the starting of the auger, said gage consisting
of a block 43 provided with a sleeve 44 which is mounted to slide and rotate upun
a guide-rod 45 which may be supported in any suitable manner, not shown. This
sleeve carries a set-screw 46 whereby the block is secured at the desired vertical
and angular adjustment. The body portion of the block is provided with an
opening 47 counterbored, as shown at 48, and in the counterbore is arranged a
rotary disk 19 having a central angular guide opening 50 for the reception of the
guide-block of the auger. The outer end of the block forming the body-portion of
the gage is split or cut away, as shown at 51, and is provided with parallel ears 52
connected by a set-screw 53 whereby the disk may be locked in any position to
insure the desired disposition of the guide block of the auger.
This device, with immaterial alteration of construction, can be used in boring
metal as well as wood, as will be understood by those skilled in the art.
So far as known to me, I am the first to apply a closed lubricating duct to and
rotatable with an auger or other equivalent boring or drilling tool or device, the
same extending from the boring or drilling head or point rearwardly to some point
on the drill or its shank which is accessible, during as well as prior to the use of
the tool. By the term "closed" I mean a duct which is covered in to prevent
escape of the oil from and at the sides of the duct into the hole.bured, and also to
prevent entrance of the chips from the hole into the duct. In other respects my

page_text: invention herein disclosed is not limited to the particular.construction or embodiment
shown, for it is evident that the. same may be varied without departing from the
spirit and scope of the invention._
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. An auger having a bit-carrying shank provided with a longitudinal groove or
channel, a sleeve or barrel enclosing the shank and covering the groove or channel,
and an oil reservoir secured to the sleeve or barrel and communicating by means of
a perforation, covered by the reservoir, with said groove or channel in the shank,
substantially as specified.
2. An auger having a bit-carrying shank provided with a longitudinal groove or
channel, a sleeve or barrel enclosing the shank and covering the groove or channel,
an oil reservoir arranged upon the sleeve or barrel and having closed upper and
lower ends, a perforation being formed in the sleeve or barrel in communication
with the reservoir and the groove or channel and a plug removably fitted in an
opening in the reservoir, substantially as specified.
3. A bit or cutting head having co-operating wings, each provided with a cutting
and a rear edge beveled at different angles to a transverse plane intersecting the
shank, the bevel of each cutting edge being at a sharper angle than the contiguous
rear edge of the preceding wing, whereby the throat between said contiguous edges
is widened or flared toward the upper or outer surfaces of the wings to provide
clearance for chips detached by the cutting edge, substantially as specified.
4. In an auger, the combination with a rotatable shank, of a bit secured to the
lower end of the shank, and a non-rotatable guide-block mounted upon said shank
and having one or more knives arranged parallel with the axis of the shank and with
their cutting edges projecting beyond the end faces of the block, and extended to
or below the plane of the cutting edges of the bit, one or more side cutters, and
means for communicating motion to the side cutter or cutters, substantially as
specified.
5. In an auger, the combination with a rotatable shank carrying at its lower end
a bit, of a non-rotatable block mounted upon the shank above the bit, one or more
knives carried by and projecting perpendicularly beyond the ends of the block and
provided with terminal spurs extending below the cutting edges of the bit, one or
more rotary side cutters the peripheries of which terminate short of the edges of
said knives, and means for communicating motion from the auger to said side
cutters, substantially as specified.
6. In an auger, the combination with a shank, of a bit secured to the lower end
of the shank and having one or more wings provided with cutting edges and with
roughened or serrated upper clearing surfaces a block rotatably mounted upon the
auger above the bit and provided with one or more knives having lower cutting
edges, and suitable clearance passages in its lower side, side cutters rotatably
mounted upon the block, and means for communicating motion from the auger to
the side cutters, substantially as specified.
7. In combination with a rotary bit, a guide-block having a shearing edge 20°,
a rotary cutter arranged parallel and in operative relation with said edge and
means for operating the rotary cutter, substantially as specified.
8. In an auger, a hit, a guide-block having parallel side surfaces and provided
in the planes thereof with cutting edges extending from the upper to the lower
surfaces thereof, rotary side cutters arranged with their inner surfaces in contact
with said cutting edges, and means for communicating motion to the side cutters,
substantially as specified.
9. In an auger, a bit, a guide-block carrying one or more side cutters and
having upwardly flared channels, the edges of said block adjacent to the plaue of
the inner sides of said cutter or cutters being extended to form cutting edges 20°

page_text: to crumble and thereby prevent chips from interfering with proper operation of
Baid auger, substantially as specified.
10. In an auger, a bit, a guide-block having cutting lips 16 and 20°, a clearance
channel 20, and upper and lower channels 20, and 18, rotary side cutters having
their inner surfaces parallel and in contact with the lips 20%, and means for
imparting rotary motion to the side cutters, substantially as specified.
11. In an auger, the combination with a shank carrying a bit at its lower end,
of a block rotatably mounted upon said shank and having channels extending from
its lower to its upper end, rotary side cutters and projectious carried by said shank
and adapted to engage and rotate said cutters, clearance passages being formed in
the upper end of said block in communication with said channels and adjacent to
the lower ends of said projections to prevent clogging by chips, substantially as
specified.
12. In an auger, the combination with a shank carrying a bit at its lower end,
of a block rotatably mounted upon the shank above the bit, one or more rotary
cutters mounted upon the said block and means including clutch mechanism
whereby motion is communicated from the shank to said rotary cutters when the
shank is rotated in one direction only, substantially as specified.
13. In an auger, the combination with a shank carrying a bit at its lower end,
of a block rotatably mounted upon the shank, rotary cutters mounted upon the
block, a sleeve or barrel rotatably fitted upon the shank above said block and
provided with radial projections adapted to engage and rotate the said cutters and
means for cominunicating motion from the shank to said sleeve or barrel when the
shank turned in one direction only, substantially as specified.
14. In an auger, the combination with a shank terminating at its lower end in a
bit, of a block mounted upon the shank and having opposite knives or stationary
cutters, spurred rotary cutters mounted upon the remaining sides of the block,
wings loosely mounted upon the shank and adapted to engage at their lower ende
with the spurs of the rotary cutters said wings and rotary cutters being arranged
in such relative positions that the latter are engaged alternately by the former and
receive an alternate intermittent movement therefrom, and pawl and ratchet clutch
mechanism for communicating motion in one direction only from the shank to the
wings, substantially as specified.
15. In an auger, the combination with a shank terminating at its lower end in a
bit, of a block rotatably mounted upon the shank above the bit and having
stationary guiding and cutting lips upon opposite ends, rotary cutters mounted
upon the remaining opposite sides of said block, a plurality of wings or projections
arranged in position to engage spurs carried by said rotary cutters, and means
including clutch mechanism for communicating motion from the shank to said
wings or projections when the shank is rotated in one direction, and for releasing
the same when the shank is reversed, substantially as specified.
16. In an auger, the combination with a shank terminating at its lower end in a
bit, of a block rotatably mounted upon the shank and having fixed knives or
cutters, rotary cutters mounted upon opposite sides of the block, a sleeve or barrel
rotatably fitted upon the shank above said block and provided with radial spirally-
disposed wings arranged at their lower extremities in position to engage spurs on
the rotary cutters, and means for communicating motion from the shank to said
sleeve or barrel when the shank is turned in one direction only, substantially as
-specified.
17. In an auger, the combination with a shank terminating in its lower end in a
bit, a block rotatably mounted upon the shank above said hit and having fixed
knives, and opposite rotary cutters mounted upon the block, of a sleeve or barrel
mounted revolubly upon the shank above the block and provided with radial
spirally-disposed wings to engage and communicate motion to the rotary cutters,
a clutch-block fitted upon the shank, means for securing said block at the desired
adjustment, and a spring-actuated nawl carried by the clutch-block to engage a

page_text: tooth or detent on the sleeve or barrel when the shank is rotated in one direction,.
substantially as specified.
18. In an auger, the combination with a shank terminating at its lower end in a
bit, a block rotatably mounted upon the shank and having fixed knives, and rotary
cutters mounted upon the block, of a sleeve or barrel mounted revolubly upon the
sbank above the block and provided with wings to engage and communicate motion
to said rotary cutters, a clutch-block fitted upon the shank above the upper end of
the sleeve or barrel and provided in its under side with a recess, means for securing
said clutch-block at the desired adjustment upon the shank, a beveled spring-
actuated pawl carried by the clutch-block, and a beveled tooth or detent on the
sleeve or barrel in the path of the lower end of said pawl when the latter is
extended, substantially as specified.
19. An auger gage having a block provided with an opening corresponding
with the cross-sectional construction of the auger, and means for adjusting and
securing said block in the desired position, substantially as specified.
20. An auger gage having an expansible sleeve, a block fitted in the sleeve
and provided with an angular opening, a set-screw for contracting the sleeve to
lock the block at the desired adjustment, and guiding devices for the sleeve,
substantially as specified.
Dated this 11th day of August 1896.
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.