improvements in drilling machines
Year: 1897

page_text: I, HANS OSKAR NIENSTAEDT, of Dronning Olgas Vej, 25, Copenhagen, in the
Kingdom of Denmark, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows: —
This invention relates to improvements in drilling machines.
The hand power drilling machine, which is in its various sizes, an essential
tool in engineering and other workshops, is subject to the disadvantage that the
velocity of its fly wheel is not variable.
All such machines work with the same fly wheel velocity whether small or large
holes are to be drilled and as the driving crank is rotated more quickly when a
small hole is being drilled than when a large hole is being drilled on account of
the different resistance of the material, the velocity of the fly wheel is too high
in the former and too low in the latter case. To obviate this disadvantage, the
fly wheel of the machine forming the subject of this invention is applied to the
drilling spindle so that change gear can be applied to the intermediate shaft
whereby the revolutions of the driving crank can be so transmitted to the fly
wheel that the velocity of the latter, when the crank is turned with its normal
velocity, can be increased when drilling large holes and reduced when drilling
small holes.
According to my invention the drilling machine is driven by a crank or handle
on an axle mounted in the frame of the machine. By rotating this crank or
handle an upright shaft is revolved by means of bevel wheels. The rotary motion
is transmitted to the drilling spindle by four gear wheels in the usual manner
except that the wheels on the drill spindle the bosses of which form a long
sleeve, are provided with a toothed bush or sleeve which slides in an arm or support
of the machine frame and is supported at its lower end on the head of the drilling
spindle. The said two gear wheels are connected with the drilling spindle by
suitable means.
The fly wheel is mounted on the drilling spindle and not, as ordinarily, upon
the upright spindle or shaft. The latter shaft is, however, provided with two
independent toothed wheels. Each of these wheels can be independently keyed
to the shaft by means of a suitable pin or the like and the two wheels gear with
wheels which are formed in one and are provided at their upper end with a
long boss upon which the fly wheel is screwed and on their underside with a
shorter boss or sleeve which is guided in the frame of the machine and runs in
ball bearings therein. The kinetic energy of the fly wheel is, therefore, conveyed
to the upright shaft through the gear wheels and from this shaft to the drilling
spindle by the before mentioned gearing.

page_text: Below the lower of the wheels on the upper end of the drilling spindle there
is provided a brake collar having a rim upon which a brake band rests, the said
band being secured at one end to the frame and at the other end to a lever by
means of which it is tightened. By means of this brake the fly wheel can be
stopped easily and without danger without the necessity for holding back the
handle or crank which hitherto has been the only manner in which such machines
can be stopped.
By rotating the driving crank or handle an eccentric which is mounted on the
axle of the same is also rotated. The eccentric operates a pawl lever and a
ratchet wheel whereby a feed wheel by means of a worm and worm wheel moves
the toothed sleeve, which rests at its lower end upon the head of the drilling
spindle, and thereby also the said drilling spindle downwards. A counterweighted
lever which is pivoted to the frame of the machine is connected to the drilling
spindle by means of connecting links having pins which rotate freely between collars
or rings rigidly secured to the said spindle. During the operation of the machine
the front end of the counterweighted lever is moved downwards whereby the
counterweight and a connecting rod attached to it are pulled upwards. As the
connecting rod rests in a forked lever and is provided with an adjustable stop
which can be arranged at a distance from the forked lever slightly less than the
distance through which the drilling spindle is to move the said connecting rod
swings the forked lever upwards and thereby releases the feed mechanism shortly
before the drilling spindle reaches its lowermost position. The forked lever which
is pivoted to a bolt and which is maintained in a horizontal position by means
of a spring is provided at its upper part with a pin which in this position maintains
the feed mechanism in engagement with the worm wheel. The said feed mechanism
consists of a spindle having a hand wheel, a worm, a ratchet wheel and a pawl
and also of a sleeve in which the worm spindle is supported. The sleeve terminates
in a hook in which one end of a spring is secured, the other end of the said
spring being secured to the frame of the machine. If now, as above described,
the connecting rod swings the forked lever upwards the spring pulls the sleevo
downwards so as to free the worm from engagement from the worm wheel. At
the same time a pin on the sleeve strikes against the forked lever. At the
moment when the feed mechanism is disengaged by the above described mechanism
the counterweight returns the drilling spindle to its uppermost position. This
automatic safety arrangement is always operative and cannot fail. The said
arrangement can be employed both with hand operated and with automatic feed
devices and releases the spindle at any desired point in its movement and quickly
returns the same to its uppermost position whilst at the same time preventing any
injury to the parts of the machine.
The drilling spindle can besides being automatically controlled also be controlled
at any time by hand by rotating the forked lever between two stops fixed to the
machine.
The feed mechanism is again brought into operation after its disengagement
by pressing the worm spindle towards the worm wheel. At the same time the
forked lever is automatically caused to assume its horizontal position by means of
a spring. If the feed mechanism is not in operation the pin of the sleeve, which
in this position rests upon the forked lever, prevents the latter from rising. By
this means the feed mechanism cannot act without being controlled. The forked
lever also serves as a stop when feeding by hand.

page_text: Improvements in Drilling Machines.
I, HANS OSKAR NIENSTAEDT, of Dronning Olgas Vej, 25, Copenhagen, in the
Kingdom of Denmark, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:—
This invention relates to improvements in drilling machines.
The hand power drilling machine, which is in its various sizes, an essential
tool in engineering and other workshops, is subject to the disadvantage that the
velocity of its fly wheel is not variable.
All such machines work with the same fly wheel velocity whether small or large
holes are to be drilled and as the driving crank is rotated more quickly when a
small hole is being drilled than when a large hole is being drilled on account of
the different resistance of the material, the velocity of the fly wheel is too high
in the former and too low in the latter case. To obviate this disadvantage, the
fly wheel of the machine forming the subject of this invention is applied to the
drilling spindle so that change gear can be applied to the intermediate shaft
whereby the revolutions of the driving crank can be so transmitted to the fly
wheel that the velocity of the latter, when the crank is turned with its normal
velocity, can be increased when drilling large holes and reduced when drilling
small holes.
To enable my invention to be fully understood I will describe the same by
reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:-
Figure 1 is a side elevation of a drilling machine constructed according to my
invention:
Figure 2 is a front elevation of the machine:
Figure 3 is a plan thereof; and,
Figure 4 is a section on the line 4-4 Figure 1.
Figure 5 is a vertical section through the spindle.
The drilling machine is driven by a crank or handle on the axle B mounted in
the frame A of the machine. By rotating this crank or handle the upright shaft D
is revolved by means of the bevel wheels C and E. The rotary motion is trans-
mitted to the drilling spindle N by four gear wheels F, G, K and I in the usual
manner except that the wheels K and I on the drill spindle the bosses of which
form a long sleeve, are provided with a toothed bush or sleeve M which slides
in an arm or support H of the machine frame and is supported at its lower end on
the head of the drilling spindle. The said two gear wheels K and I are connected
with the drilling spindle as shewn at L, (see Figure 5).
The fly wheel V as shewn in Figures 1, 2 and 3 is mounted on the drilling
spindle and not, as ordinarily, upon the spindle or shaft D. The latter shaft is,
however, provided with two independent toothed wheels P and O. Each of these
wheels can be independently keyed to the shaft by means of a suitable pin or
the like inserted in holes S and R and the said two wheels gear with wheels T
and U which are formed in one and are provided at their upper end with a long
boss upon which the fly wheel is applied and on their underside with a shorter boss
or sleeve which is guided in the frame of the machine and runs in ball bearings
therein. The kinetic energy of the fly wheel is, therefore, conveyed to the shaft D
through the gear wheels T, O or U, P and from this shaft to the drilling spindle
by the before mentioned gearing.
If now, for instance, the relation between the bevel wheels C and E is as 1 to 1
and the relation between the wheels F and K and G and I is respectively and, the

page_text: velocity of
50 × ×
= 150 or 50 × 1 × 1 = 37.
If the relation between the wheels O and T and P and U is, at the same time and +,
the fly wheel will rotate with a speed of
50 × × = 150; or 50 × 3 × + = 75;
As, however, there are two changes both above and below, the velocity of the fly-
wheel has the following ratios to that of the drilling spindle, viz. :-
37 revolutions of the drilling spindle to 150 revolutions of the fly wheel.
37 revolutions of the drilling spindle, 75 revolutions of the fly wheel,
150 revolutions of the drilling spindle, 150 revolutions of the fly wheel,
150 revolutions of the drilling spindle, 75 revolutions of the fly wheel.
The fly wheel, therefore, receives four different velocities with respect to the
drilling spindle.
Below the wheel U on the upper end of the drilling spindle there is provided a
brake collar (see Figures 1, 2, and 3) upon which a brake band X rests, the said
band being secured at one end to a bolt 1 and at the other end to a lever 2 by
means of which it is tightened and which is pivoted on a bolt 3. By means of
this brake the fly wheel can be stopped easily and without danger without the
necessity for holding back the handle or crank which hitherto has been the only
manner in which such machines can be stopped.
By rotating the driving crank or handle of the shaft B an eccentric 23 which
is mounted on the said shaft B is also rotated. The eccentric operates a pawl
lever 22 and a ratchet wheel 21 whereby a feed wheel 11 by means of a worm 12
and worm wheel 9 moves the toothed sleeve M, which rests at its lower end upon
the head of the drilling spindle, and thereby also the said drilling spindle, down-
wards. A lever 5 which is provided with a counterweight 8 is pivoted to the frame
of the machine by the bolt 3 and is connected to the drilling spindle by means of
connecting links 6 having pins 7 which rotate freely between collars or rings
rigidly secured to the said spindle. During the operation of the machine the front
end of the counterweighted lever 5 is moved downwards whereby the counter-
weight 8 and a connecting rod 19 attached to it are pulled upwards. As the con-
necting rod 19 rests in a forked lever 17 (Figures 1, 3, 4 and 5) and is provided
with an adjustable stop 20 which can be arranged at a distance from the forked
lever slightly less than the distance through which the drilling spindle is to
move the said connecting rod swings the forked lever upwards and thereby re-
leases the feed mechanism shortly before the drilling spindle reaches its lower-
most position. The forked lever 17 which is pivoted on a bolt and which is
maintained in a horizontal position by means of a spring 24 is provided at its
upper part with a pin 18 which in this position maintains the feed mechanism in
engagement with the worm wheel 9. The said feed mechanism consists of a
spindle 13 having a hand wheel, worm 12, ratchet wheel 21 and pawl lever 22,
and also of a sleeve 14 in which the worm spindle is supported. The sleeve 14
terminates in a hook in which one end of a spring 16 is secured, the other end of
the said spring 16 being secured to the frame of the machine. If now, as above
described, the connecting rod 19 swings the forked lever upwards the spring 16
pulls the sleeve 14, which is pivoted at 15, downwards so as to free the worm 12
from engagement with the worm wheel 9. At the same time the pin 27 on the
sleeve 14 strikes against the forked lever. At the moment when the feed mechanism,
is disengaged by the above described mechanism the counterweight 8 returns the
drilling spindle to its uppermost position. This automatic safety arrangement
is always operative and cannot fail. The said arrangement can be employed both
with hand operated and with automatic feed devices and releases the spindle at
any desired point in its movement and quickly returns the same to its uppermost

page_text: position whilst at the same time preventing any injury to the parts of the
machine.
The drilling spindle can, besides being automatically controlled, also be con-
trolled at any time by hand by rotating the forked lever between two stops 25
and 26 fixed to the machine.
The feed mechanism is again brought into operation after its disengagement by
pressing the worm 12 towards the worm wheel 9. At the same time the forked
lever is automatically caused to assume its horizontal position by means of the
spring 24. If the feed mechanism is not in operation the pin of the sleeve, which
in this position rests against the forked lever, prevents the lattor from rising.
By this means the feed mechanism cannot act without being controlled. The
forked lever also serves as a stop when feeding by hand.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. A drilling machine wherein the velocity of the fly wheel which is provided
with a brake can be varied and wherein a safety device is provided for automatically
releasing the feed mechanism, such device consisting of the sleeve 14, having a
hook, spring 16, rod 19 connecting the lever 5 and the forked lever, the said
device also serving as a stop for hand drilling, substantially as hereinbefore
described and illustrated.
2. The combination and arrangement of parts forming the improved drilling
machine, hereinbefore described and illustrated in the several figures of the accom-
panying drawings.
Dated this 2nd day of December 1897.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.