MAKING DRAW OR BENCH LOOMS FOR THE MANUFACTURING OF CARPETS, BORDERS, AND OTHER THINGS THAT WOULD ENABLE THE MANUFACTURER TO INTRODUCE GREATER VARIETY OF SHADES AND COLOURS THAT COULD BE EFFECTED BY THE LOOMS THEN IN USE
Year: 1797

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ANTHONY
GEORGE ECKHARDT, of Charing Cross, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman,
Member of the Society of Haarlem, and Fellow of the Royal Society in
England, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present Majesty, in and by His certain Letters Patent
under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at Westminster, the
Fourth day of July, in the thirty-seventh year of His reign, did, of His especial
grace, certain knowledge and meer motion, for Himself, His heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Anthony George Eckhardt, my
exors, admors, and assigns, especial licence, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said Anthony George Eckhardt, my exors, adññiors,
and assigns, and every of them, by myself and themselves, or by my and
their deputy or deputies, servants or agents, or such others as I, the said
Anthony George Eckhardt, my exors, adiñiors, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend my Invention and improved method of
"MAKING DRAW OR BENCH LOOMS FOR THE MANUFACTURING OF CARPETS, BORDERS,
AND OTHER THINGS THAT WOULD ENABLE THE MANUFACTURER TO INTRODUCE
GREATER VARIETY OF SHADES AND COLOURS THAT COULD BE EFFECTED BY THE LOOMS
THEN IN USE," within that part of Great Britain called England, the Dominion
of Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, in such manner as to me,
the said Anthony George Eckhardt, my exors, aduiors, and assigns, or any
of them, should seem meet, and that I, the said Anthony George Eckhardt,
my exors, adñiors, and assigns, should and lawfully might have and enjoy the
whole profit, benefit, commodity, and advantage from time to time coming,

page_text: growing, and arising by reason of the said Invention, for and during the term
of years therein mentioned, to hold, exercise, and enjoy the said licence,
powers, privileges and advantages therein-before granted or mentioned to be
granted unto me, the said Anthony George Eckhardt, my exors, admors, and
assigns, for and during and unto the full end and term of fourteen years from
the date of the said Letters Patent next and immediately ensuing, and fully
to be compleat and ended, according to the Statute in such case made and
provided; in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that the same
should be void unless I, the said Anthony George Eckhardt, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, and cause the same to be inrolled in the High Court of Chancery
within one calendar month next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I; the said Anthony George Eckhardt, in pursuance
of the said proviso in the said Letters Patent, do hereby describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, as follows:-
The object of the Invention being to increase the richness and durability of
carpets, it may be necessary to premise that by the bench or draw looms in
present use five colours only can be brought on the same line, and this
necessarily prevents the introduction of any considerable variety of shades and
colours, and occasions that poverty and sameness in the appearance of carpets
which have been so long complained of. Because the ground of the carpet
requires one colour, the leaves and ornamented part at least two more; and
as only two will then remain for shading the different flowers, it is manifest
they are insufficient to give richness and beauty to the pattern. By the
present Invention these defects are removed, and a greater variety of colours,
in a direct longitudinal line, are introduced, which serve at once to give
richness and relief to the pattern, and (by adding to the quantities of materials)
increase the strength of the carpet. These purposes are accomplished, by
adding to the number of benches, leading the thread from the bobbins to the
harness without leaving them unsupported, or materially increasing the labour
of the workman, in the manner hereafter shewn. To furnish a clearer view
of the improvement I have in the subjoined Drawings represented by Figure 1
the loom at present in general use, and by Figure 2 a loom according to my
construction. To prevent confusion, I have omitted those parts which have no
connexion with my improvements, such as the harness; comber-board, &c., and
I have placed only one bobbin on each bench, as more are not necessary for

page_text: elucidation. The letters A, A, B, B, in Figure 1 and 2, represent the
frames of both looms, and are similar in each. C, C, denote the upright
frames to support the benches E, E, in the common loom five in number,
and nine in mine; but according to my construction the number may be
increased or diminished, if required. In both Figures a describes the bobbins
filled with the threads used; and d, e, b, b, the direction of the threads from:
the bobbins to the harness. In the common loom, to prevent the threads.
from touching the harness, the benches are placed in so oblique a posi-*
tion that it is almost impossible to erect more than five, as may be seen-
in Figure 1, where two additional benches are represented by dotted lines,
which, from their obliquity, could not be used without extreme inconvenience,.
and very lofty rooms to erect them in. By my improvement the threads are
supported and conducted in a more convenient direction by means of a bridge
in the front of each bench, like the bridge which supports the strings of a
violin. To direct the threads upwards, the bridge must of course be placed.
below them, as may be seen in Figure 2 by letters c, e; and to direct them down-
wards it must be placed above, as described by letter f, which I call a contra
bridge. Where the threads are in a straight line, or incline but very little,
I have provided two bridges t, s, to make them more steady, the one over and
the other under, leaving a space of half an inch between, lest they should be
too much confined. To prevent the friction which these bridges would occasion,
and to allow a free action to the counterpoise of the bobbin in keeping the threads
straight, I have adapted glass tubes or cylinders, marked in Figure 2 by a black
spot near letter c, to the edge of each bridge. Almost any other hard substance
having a smooth surface may be used for the purpose instead of glass. As.
these bridges might sometimes prove inconvenient to the weaver, in the
position above described, especially when one is placed at the top and the
other at the bottom, I have so constructed them that by means of joints or
hinges they may be raised or let down at pleasure. As by the additional
number of benches the threads of one or more of them might press upon the
twine chain, I have constructed studs g, g, g, g, covered with glass, or which
may be made of almost any other substance with a smooth surface, over which
they pass without experiencing the inconvenience I have noticed, and the studs
may be put in or taken out at pleasure. The additional benches from the
counterpoise of the bobbins would increase the friction of the carpet round the
fixt piece D, Figure 1, and I have therefore, to obviate the increase of
labour and the inconvenience which would arise from the rubbing of the
carpet from its tight pressure, substituted in its place a roller D, Figure 2; and
to prevent this roller from moving backwards and forwards at every stroke

page_text: of the reed I have, to render it steady,, adapted at one end an iron hoop
h, h, h, h, h, in the form of a break wheel, which, by means of a vice screw. i, k,
draws it tight, but, admits of being loosened when the weaver has occasion
to wind up, his work.. To facilitate the labour occasioned by the resistance, or
counterpoise of the leaden bullets, fixed to the end of the bobbins, I have;
adapted to the roller P, P, upon which the carpet is rolled, a tooth wheel
F, F, which is turned. by means of a worm or perpetual screw. G, at the
extremity of a spindle H, G, to be turned by the weaver; or should he choose
to leave, this to the draw boy, it may be effected by his turning on the side
where he usually stands a crank r, r, r, which, being fixed to a pinion Q, turns.
a face wheel o, p, and this by a worm n, fixed on its axletree, turns a cog wheel
m, m, m,, at the extremity of the roller P, P, upon which the carpet is rolled.
By this construction the boy may turn the roller so as to wind up the carpet with
ease, notwithstanding the additional counterpoise produced..by nine benches.
To give the increased momentum to the reed which my loom requires, I have
fixed on each side of the, frames of the reed R, R, a box I, I, to contain
weight, which box is made to slide backwards and forwards by means of a hand
screw. S, on a cross piece of wood K, K, fixed to the back of the frame. As
in the common loom, the weaver must rise from his seat every time he, has
occasion, to wind off the twine chain, I have adapted to the extremity of
the roller L, on which the twine is wound, a tooth wheel M, M, turned by a
worm or perpetual screw N,.at the end of a long iron axletree O, N,. to be
turned by the screw of a vice by the weaver as he sits. These improvements
may be executed with some alterations, according to circumstances, either, by
making use of a wheel and pinions instead of perpetual screws or worms, or,by:
turning the spindle with a crank, a fixed cross, or any other, mode.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Third
day of August, in the year of our Lord One thousand seven hundred
Signed, sealed, and delivered, by the
within-named
Eckhardt (being first duly stamped)
in the presence of us,
Anthony George
A. G. ECKHARDT. (L.S.)
THO WALFORD

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Third day of August, in the
year of our Lord 1797, the aforesaid Anthony George Eckhardt came before
our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stampt according
to the tenor of the Statutes made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Third day of August, in the year of our Lord One thousand
seven hundred and ninety-seven.