Improvements in Anchors.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Feb., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 12th Nov., 1890 -Accepted, 13th Dec., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Anchors.
1 ARCHIBALD TURNER of 1 Crowhurst Road Brixton in the County of Surrey
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
"
This invention relates to improvements upon the well known "Porter" ⚫ 01
"Trotman type of anchor, wherein the arms rock or vibrate, in a plane passing
through the centre line of each, upon a pin or pivot situate at or near one end of
the shank.
This type of anchor although possessing many advantages in the way of holding
power and non-liability to be fouled by the cable, is not at present well adapted for
stowing, by reason of the stock being situate at or near that end of the shank to which
the cable is attached, and consequently the shank and one of the main arms
cannot be drawn into the hawse pipe without removing the stock, which is laborious
and troublesome. The "tripping" devices, also, hitherto employed in this class of
anchor, and usually consisting of a small tripping horn or projection upon the back of
each palm, are not always so effective as desirable.
"
د"
Now my invention is designed to remove these objections, and its object is to
provide an anchor of the said "Porter"
or Trotman type which will possess all
the advantages for stowing of the well known stockless anchors, together with
improved and more certain "tripping" action, and increased holding power.
According to my invention I dispense with the stock, heretofore employed at the
cable end of the shauk, and form a stock or its equivalent at or near that end of the
shank to which the arms are pivotted. This stock may consist of a prolonged pin or
pivot for the arms, projecting upon either side thereof, or of prolongations of the boss
through which such pivot passes, or may be in the form of projecting arms secured to,
or formed in one with, the shank, or with the crown, or adjacent part of the arms.
The said stock or equivalent, when made to rock with the arins, is preferably so con-
structed and arranged as to serve as a "tripper" also, for which purpose it may be
provided with tripping horns or projections, which may be made of such shape and
dimensions as to assist the anchor in holding the ground. When the stock or its
equivalent is made fast to, or in one with, the shank, it may be provided with similar
horns or auxiliary arms in any position along its length, to assist the stock in the
steadying of the anchor, or to assist the main arms in holding.
In lieu of "trippers" upon the stock, or in addition thereto if required, I may
provide tripping horns or projections upon the crown of 'the anchor, or upon the armis
thereof between the crown and main palms or flukes.
In order to improve the holding power, in soft muddy bottoms, of the existing type
of "Trotman " arm, I may provide each arm with two flukes or palms, one in the rear
of the other, and the point of each of the palms or flukes nearest the crown of the
anchor may be kept flush or within the arm, or may be extended to project past the
arm and form a tripping horn.
When an anchored vessel changes its position relatively to her anchor, there is
often a severe side strain put upon the shank of the anchor, sometimes breaking
it off near the crown end, and, to partly relieve this strain from the crown end
of the shank, I make a part of the inner side of each arm of such shape, that
when it comes down upon the shank it will partly embrace or surround it, so that
when any side strain comes upon the shank, the arm which partly surrounds it takes
up part of the strain, and relieves the strain upon the crown end.
Dated this 12th day of February 1890.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Anchors.
1, ARCHIBALD TURNER, of 5, Athenlay Road, Waverley Park, Nunhead, S.E.,
formerly of 1, Crowhurst Road, Brixton, S.E., Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements upon the well known "Porter"
" or
." Trotman
type of anchor, wherein the bolding arms rock or vibrate on a plane
passing through the centre line of each upon a pin or pivot situate at or near
one end of the shank.
This type of anchor, although possessing many advantages in the way of holding
power and non-liability to be fouled by the cable, is not at present well adapted
for stowing by reason of the stock being situate at or near that end of the shank
to which the cable is attached, and consequently the shank and one of the main
arms cannot be drawn into the hawse pipe without removing the stock, which is
laborious and troublesome. The tripping devices, also, hitherto employed in this
class of anchor, and usually consisting of a small tripping horn or projection upon
the back of each palm are not always so effective as desirable.
"
Now my invention is designed to remove these objections, and its object is to
provide an anchor of the said "Porter "
or Trotman" type which will possess all
the advantages for stowing of the well known stockless anchors, together with
improved and more certain tripping action and increased holding power.
According to my invention, I dispense with the stock heretofore employed at the
cable end of the shank, and, form a stock or its equivalent at or near that end of the
shank to which the arms are pivotted. This stock may consist of a prolonged pin or
pivot for the arms, projecting upon either side thereof, or of prolongations of bosses
formed upon the crown, through which bosses such pivot passes, or may be in the
form of projecting arms secured to or formed in one with the shank, or with the
crown or adjacent part of the arms. The said stock or equivalent, when made to
move or rock with the arms, is preferably so constructed and arranged as to serve as
tripper" also, for which purpose it may be provided with tripping horns or pro-
jections. When the stock or its equivalent is made fast to or in one with the shank,
it may be provided with similar horns or auxiliary arms in any position along its
length, to assist the stock in the steadying of the anchor.
a
<<
In lieu of trippers upon the stock; or in addition thereto, if required, I may provide
tripping horns or projections upon the crown of the anchor, or upon the arms thereof,
between the crown and main palms or flukes.
In order to improve the holding power in soft muddy bottoms of the existing type
of "Trotman" arm, I may provide each arm with two flukes or palms, one in the
rear of the other, and the point of each of the palms or flukes nearest the crown of
the anchor may be kept flush or within the arm, or may be extended to project past
the arm and serve as a tripping horn.
When an anchored vessel changes her position relatively to her anchor, there is
often a severe side strain put upon the shank of the anchor, sometimes breaking it off
near the crown end, and to partly relieve this strain from the crown end of the shank
I make a part of the inner side of each arm of such shape, that when it comes down
upon the shank it will partly embrace or surround it, so that when any side strain
comes upon the shank, the arni which partly surrounds it takes up part of the strain
upon the crown end.
J will now proceed to describe my invention more particularly having reference to
the accompanying drawings in which similar letters refer to corresponding parts in
all the figures
Figure 1 shews in side elevation, and Figure 2 in sectional plan, an anchor of the
"Porter" or "Trotman" type wherein the stock a is produced or formed by prolonging
the pin or pivot a' upon which the arms b rock.

page_text: In anchors of the "Trotman" type, the shank is usually split or divided for a snort
distance at the crown end, so as to form a slot for the reception of the arms, the crown
of the latter being embraced upon either side by the divided portions of the shank,
through eyes in which the pivot pin passes. A shank of this construction, however,
is difficult to forge, and I prefer in all cases to forge the shank without such split or
division, and to construct the crown portions of the arms, (which are preferably cast
in steel,) with cheeks or bosses cc having between a space d the shank e entering
this space d and being embraced closely upon either side by the cheeks or bosses cc,
through eyes in which the pivot pin a¹ passes as shewn in Figures 1 to 8, 10 to 13, 17,
17", 17, 18 to 23, 25 and 28 of the drawings. In Figures 1 & 2 the stock a is repre-
sented as moving with the arms b, to the bosses c of which it is secured by pins f, or
the usual cottar and shoulder or other suitable means may be employed. As shewn in
Figure 1 the lower arm bis in position for taking hold of the ground.
Figures 3 & 4 illustrate in side elevation and sectional plan respectively, a modified
form of stock a wherein the ends are curved or bent backward. This form of stock
is preferably secured to the shank, in lieu of to the bosses on the crown, (which in this
case turn freely upon the pivot pin a¹) as by a screw pin f¹ inserted through a hole g
in the crown or other convenient arrangement.
Figure 5 shews in plan, an anchor, (the elevation of which would be similar to
Figure 1) wherein the stock is produced or formed by prolonging the bosses c c before
referred to the arms and stock being cast or made in one piece. The stock a thus
formed may be of round square or other suitable form in transverse section.
Figures 6 & 7 represent in side elevation and plan respectively, an anchor head of
similar construction to Figure 5 with the exception that in these figures the stock a is
shewn as provided with tripping horns or projections / cast thereon.
Figure 8 represents a modified arrangement, those portions of the stock which carry
the tripping horns h being made separately and provided with joggles i fitting into
corresponding recesses formed in the parts of the stock which are cast or made in one
with the arms.
Figure 9 is a transverse section of Figure 8 on line 1-2.
Figures 10 & 11 illustrate in side elevation and plan, a form of anchor head wherein
the stock a consists of arms cast upon the crown and projecting upon either side
thereof. In this, as in all cases where the stock moves with the arms, it may be
provided with tripping horns or projections h. If desired the stock a just described
may be made separately, and secured to the arms b, in lieu of being cast or made in
one therewith
Figures 12 & 13 represent in sectional side elevation and' sectional plan respectively
a modified form of anchor head, the shank e passing entirely through the crown of
the arms, and the stock a being secured to the projecting end thereof, and fastened by
the shoulder and cottar or other suitable arrangement.
Figure 14 represents the application to the above described construction of anchor
head of a stock with ends curved backward.
Figures 15, 16 & 17 shew the application to the same of a plate or box stock.
Figures 17 & 17 represent in part elevation and part plan respectively an anchor,
wherein the stock projects from each side of the shank near the crown at a point
immediately in front of the pivot pin. The stock in this case may be of any shape
similar to those already described and secured in any convenient manner.
Figures 18 & 19 represent in sectional side elevation and plan an anchor constructed
with the shanke and stock a made in one piece. The arms are slipped on from
the cable end of the shank and may be held in position by a block m secured by a
pin n. The several stocks shewn in Figures 12 to 17 17 & 17 may each be made in
one with their respective shanks. similar to that shewn in Figures 18 & 19.
or
Figures 20 & 21 represent in side elevation and plan an anchor of the "Porter"
Trotman" type having the stock in the ordinary position, viz., at the cable end of
the shank, but having the arms b provided with tripping horns or projections h at the
crown for the purpose of improving the tripping action. The arms and the shank are
shewn as connected according to my improved arrangement, viz., cheeks or bosses c

page_text: on the arms, embracing the sides of the shank, but it is obvious that the tripping
horns or projections h situate at the crown of the arms may be applied to the ordinary
construction of "Trotman "
or "Porter arins. If desired the tripping horns may
be situate upon the crown upon the opposite side of the pivot pin a' as shewn in
Figure 22.
Figures 22 & 23 shew in side elevation and end view an anchor of the "Porter" or
"Trotman" type wherein each arm is provided with a second or auxiliary fluke h¹ for
the purpose of increasing the holding power of the anchor. The points of these
auxiliary flukes ¹ may project beyond the arms as shewn so as to serve as tripping
horns also, or may be flush with the edges of the arms as shewn in Figure 24.
Figure 25 represents in side view an anchor wherein the inner sides of the arms b,
or the palms upon them, are so constructed as to partially embrace the shank e when
closed down upon the same, for the purpose, bereinbefore explained, of relieving the
side strain upon the pivot pin end of the shank caused by a vessel changing its
position relatively to its anchor. By the improved construction illustrated, the anchor
arms take up part of. the sile strain.
Figure 26 is a section on line 1-2 of Figure 25.
In order to strengthen the anchor arms, when constructed as just described, and
enable them to better resist the extra strain they may have to support, I prefer that
they should approximate in transverse section, at line 3-4 Figure 25 to the forms
shewn in Figure 27.
;
Figure 28 shews the position occupied by an anchor of the "Porter" or
"Trotuan"
type, constructed according to my invention, when drawn up within the hawse pipe p
of a vessel.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. An anchor of the "Porter" or "Trotman" type constructed with a stock at or
near the crown end, in lieu of at or near the cable end thereof, substantially as and
for the purpose described and illustrated by Figures 1 to 19 and 28 of the drawings
annexed.
2. In an anchor of the "Porter" or "Trotman" type, the use in combination
therewith of a stock provided with tripping horns or projections, and so constructed
and arranged as to move or rock with the arms, substantially as and for the purpose
described and illustrated in Figures 6, 7, 8, 10 & 11 of the drawings annexed.
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3. An anchor of the "Porter
or Trotman type constructed with tripping
horns or projections upon the crown of the arms, substantially as described and
illustrated in Figures 12, 17, 17", 20, 21, 22 & 28 of the drawings annexed..
4. An anchor of the "Porter" or "Trotman" type, wherein each arm is constructed
with two bolding flukes, substantially as described and illustrated in Figures 22, 23
& 24 of the drawings annexed.
5. An anchor of the "Porter" or "Trotman" type, wherein each arm is so con-
structed as to partially embrace: the shank when closed down upon the same substantially
as and for the purpose described.
6. An anchor of the "Porter" or "Trotman " type wherein the arms are constructed
at the crown with bosses or cheeks, adapted to embrace either side of the end of the
shank, substantially as and for the purpose described and illustrated in the drawings
annexed.
pated this 12th day of November 1890.
E. P. ALEXANDER & SON, Fels. Inst. P.A.,
19, Southampton Buildings, London, W.Ć., Agents.