Improvements in and connected with Measuring and Integrating Apparatus.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Nov., 1894-Accepted, 4th May, 1995
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Measuring and Integrating
Apparatus.
We, FREDERICK NEVIUS CONNET of No. 59 Harrison Street and WALTER
WELDON JACKSON of No. 39 Bridgham Street, in the City and County of
Providence, State of Rhode Island, United States of America, Mechanical
Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention relates first to apparatus for the measuring and integrating of
quantities whether of mechanical force, electricity, fluids, etc., where the ratio of
quantity to the force or intensity is variable; and second in adapting such
apparatus to the special purposes of integrating the quantities of water passing
through what is called by its inventor the Venturi meter, such meter being described
in the Specification to Letters Patent No. 5738 of 1888.
The nature of the first part of our invention will be better understood by a
general description of its working with a reference to the drawings which are
hereinafter more fully referred to: A surface, shown by the curved line in Figs. 1
and 4, shaped as hereinafter described is mounted preferably upon a rotating
cylinder B, Figs. 1 and 4, or upon a flat circular rotating disc b, Fig. 11, and is
either raised or depressed with respect to the remainder of the surface of the body
upon which it is placed. A wheel P1 is so placed that by the rotation of the body
carrying the surface it will cross this surface and is arranged to cause a registering
train (see Fig. 5) to be actuated only during the time it is crossing it, and the
cylinder is rotated by clock-work or other means, either at a uniform speed or at
fixed intervals of time. This clock-work and the registering train must be
constructed and proportioned to indicate the proper number of units of measure
during the time, or at the periods of rotation according to the requirements of each
individual case. In this way the element of time in the measuring of quantities is
arranged for by mathematical calculations and well known mechanical constructions.
But the quantities of all physical substances flowing through conductors, as for
example ipes for water, or wires for electricity, vary with the pressure or intensity
of force, and in most the ratio of quantity to force is also variable. It is with these
factors in the measurement that this invention has to do. The factor of intensity
of force is cared for by varying at right angles to the direction of the rotation the
path of the wheel Pi across the raised or depressed surface by connecting it
directly with some mechanical element which is acted upon by that force. Thus it
may be connected with the core which is attracted to or drawn into an electric
solenoid as the force of the current increases; or it may be connected with a
diaphragm which is expanded by the pressure of water or steam.
The third factor
that of quantity due to the intensity of force, is cared for by making the length of
the path taken at any time by the wheel P' across the raised or depressed surface
of such a length that the registering train calculated and constructed as above
stated, will indicate the proper number of units during the time of the crossing, it
being remembered that the registering train is actuated only during the time of
this crossing and is controlled in amount by the length of this path. The length of
this transverse distance or path will vary with every increment of increase in the

page_text: intensity of force, and the amount of these variations will be determined only by
the laws of the substance measured. With this general explanation of the working
of our apparatus the remainder of the description will be fully understood.
In the curve referred to the ordinates represent the functions of quantity of the
fluid or other matter to be integrated or measured, and the abscissæ correspond to
the values of the quantities. This curve will of course vary with the physical laws
of different substances, and may be drawn in accordance with the variations of the
ratio of quantity to indicating intensity of force as determined by known physical
laws, or as obtained by previous experiment. The term indicating intensity rather
than intensity only is employed herein, since in some instances, as for example in
the particular object for which this improvement is designed, the intensity of force
employed to affect the integrating apparatus may be the result of two or more
forces of the same matter. The other sides of the surface being then formed by
horizontal and vertical lines, this curve forms the third side in such a way that the
abscissæ are measured across the surface; the surface in other words forins a right
angled triangle in which the hypotenuse has been replaced by the curve. This
form of the surface may be modified by making the curve less on one side and
compensating this loss by curving the opposite side, the only requirement being
that the horizontal distance across the surface shall in every case equal the
abscissæ of the ordinate at that point. This surface is then preferably mounted
upon a cylinder as described. But as stated it may also be mounted upon a disc, in
which case the ordinates must of course be measured in the direction of the radii
and the abscissa upon the circumferences of the corresponding circles. Or the
surface may be mounted upon a flat reciprocating surface. However mounted
motion of revolution, or in the case of the flat surface reciprocating motion is
imparted to the body carrying the surface, either continuously or periodically as
preferred, by clockwork, electricity, or by other means.
During the motion of this body thus arranged this surface as described is cause.l
to pass under a wheel or finger, hereinafter called the traversing mechanism, which
is so arranged as to cause a train of counting gears connected with dials representing
units of any desired denomination and size to be driven during the time it is passing
this surface. The position of this traversing mechanism with respect to the
surface is then varied by adequate mechanical arrangement under the influence of
variations in the indicating intensity of the force, current, pressure, etc., of the
matter measured or integrated, this traversing mechanism being so placed that the
variations of intensity will correspond with the ordinates of the curve.
Thus as
the path of the traversing mechanism represents the quantity due to the particular
indicating intensity at the time, the registering mechanism or counting train will
represent in the result recorded the amount due to that intensity. Simple mathe-
matical calculations are all that are then necessary to cause the dials to exhibit the
total amount that has passed through the measuring apparatus in any given time,
the integrating apparatus being operated by clockwork or other means either
continuously or at fixed periods of time as may be sufficiently accurate and
preferred in each instance.
In the accompanying drawings are shown the mechanical arrangements for
accomplishing this purpose, which we have selected and prefer, but in so doing we
do not mean hereby to limit ourselves to these particular forms, it being very
evident to any one skilled in mechanical work that they may be much varied
without departing from the spirit of this part of our invention. But before entering
upon a description of the apparatus selected we desire to call attention to the fact
that anything which prevents a perfect freedom of movement under the influence of
the indicating intensity, or that permits any unnecessary play between working
parts is likely to cause a large error in the result recorded, where as is frequently
the case the few inches across the surface traversed it may be only once in five or
ten minutes, represent large quantities. We have constantly had this in mind in
arranging this apparatus.
Figs. 1 and 2 are sectional drawings showing our integrating apparatus without

page_text: details, and the Venturi meter referred to, and are designed particularly to show
method in which the pressures of the meter are made to affect the integrating
apparatus.
Figs. 3 and 4 show in detail the arrangement of the integrating apparatus
itself.
Fig. 3 is a plan from the top in section largely of the top of the framework just
inside the casing as hereinafter described, but partly upon lines 7-8 and 9-10 of
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4 is a sectional elevation almost entirely on the line 1-2 of Fig. 3, but the
casing at the right being on line 3-4 of Fig. 3.
Fig.
represents the dials of the registering apparatus on the face of Fig. 4
immediately adjacent to the Fig. 7.
Fig. 6 shows in detail the relative position of the parts shown, and is drawn on
line 11-12 of Fig. 4.
Figs. 7, 8, 9 and 10 are details of modified constructions hereinafter explained,
and
Fig. 11 represents our integrating apparatus where the cylinder B is replaced by
a circular disc b.
The integrating apparatus in itself without the combination thereof, as we prefer
to construct it may be described sufficiently for the purpose of understanding the
detailed description of the parts hereinafter contained, as follows:-
The entire integrating apparatus is enclosed in four compartments (see Figs. 1
and 4). One of these compartments, Fig. 4 next to Fig. 5, is occupied by the
registering train, consisting of a train of counting gears in the ordinary form and
operating in the usual way. A second compartment marked O in Fig. 1 is occupied
by ordinary clock work mechanism where that is employed as the motive force
which transmits motion to the other parts either continuously or periodically as
A third compart-
desired. This clockwork also operates in the usual manner.
ment located at the bottom of Fig. 1 will be more particularly described hereafter.
The fourth compartment made watertight by the outer casing V V V, as herein-
after particularly described, contains the main working parts of the apparatus
in the arrangement, construction, and combinations of which our invention consists.
In this compartment is arranged a main framework in which are mounted the
various parts. A cylinder B carrying the surfaces before referred to, and again
hereinafter more fully described, and indicated by the curved lines in Figs. 1 and 4
is mounted in this framework so as to revolve upon its axis as driven by the
clockwork by means of the bevel gears U¹ Fig. 1, the shaft forming its axis being
carried outside the walls of the compartment for this purpose. Some form of
mechanism as the wheel P is arranged to traverse the surfaces carried by the
cylinder as the latter revolves, its position vertically being determined by the
intensity of the force or matter integrated, as more fully hereinafter set forth.
This wheel P is so mounted in the forked arm P that when passing over the
raised surface of the cylinder B it causes this arm to press against the part H.
This latter is shown in detail in Figs. 4 and 6 of the drawings and consists of a
framework of metal extending the length of the cylinder B, and pivoted at top
and bottom in the framework of the apparatus as at F and J. For lack of any
other or better term to apply to this part, we have hereinafter in Specification
a vane.' Attached to the top of this vane H, and forming
a part thereof is the arm E having a spring G attached near its free end, the
other end of this spring being attached to the framework of the apparatus. It is
thus evident that as the wheel P' passes over the raised surface on the cylinder B
and presses against the vane H, this will turn upon its pivots F and J, and cause a
lateral movement of the free end of the arm E, this arm and H being pulled back
again by the spring the instant the wheel P¹ ceases to press against H by passing
off the raised surface. In this free end of the arm E is journaled the upper end
of the shaft K, its lower end being journaled in the framework. Near the upper
end of shaft K is attached the pinion C. This pinion is so arranged that it may
and claims called it 66

page_text: anesh with a gear A attached to and revolving with the cylinder B. Near the
other end of the shaft K and attached thereto is a worm, which by means of the
worm and gear, (these are shown together at D, Fig. 4), and the horizontal shaft
passing out through W operates the registering train. The operation of the
nechanism then is, that so long as the pinion C is in mesh with the gear A
the motion communicated to the cylinder by the clockwork is transmitted to the
registering train. The construction of the arm E is such however that when
the wheel P¹ is passing over the raised surface and pressing against H as before
described, it swings the arm E on its pivot, and in doing so swings the upper end
of the shaft K outward from the cylinder and thereby withdraws the pinion C
from its mesh with the gear A. Consequently no motion is transmitted to the
registering train while the wheel P1 is passing over this raised surface. With
this general description of the apparatus we proceed to notice the parts more in
detail.
The surface bounded by the curve of indicating intensity and quantity as before
described is here shown as a depressed surface, this form being preferred by us,
and the traversing mechanism is arranged to permit the action of the registering
mechanism while this depressed surface is passing under it. In other words the
traversing mechanism while passing over the remaining surface prevents the
operating of the registering mechanism. It will thus be seen that these two
surfaces, that formed in accordance with the physical laws of the fluid or matter
measured, whether raised or depressed, and the remaining surface of the cylinder,
disc, or other body, are in a sense complements of each other, and together regulate
the action of the registering mechanism, not only in our improved form but also in
all other forms. And this is true whether the surfaces are upon a cylinder, disc,
or a reciprocating piece.
We have therefore hereafter in this Specification and its claims called these two
surfaces thus formed "regulating surfaces," for the sake of clearness and brevity.
In the annexed drawings we have generally shown these surfaces mounted
upon a cylinder B, as the more convenient form. But it is to be understood that
we do not confine ourselves to this construction, our improvements being
equally applicable if a disc as shown in Fig. 11 is used, or even a reciprocating
body.
A positive action of the registering mechanism without possibility of loss from
slip is obtained by means of the pinion C meshing with the gear A operated with
the cylinder B to which it may be attached. The adoption of this arrangement
also permits of the meshing and withdrawal from mesh of the pinion and gear, to
be made at the instant that the traversing mechanism passes on or off the surface
formed by the curve of the indicating intensity. This pinion by means of the
shaft K and worm D operates the counting train or registering mechanism as
before described. The teeth of the pinion C and gear A are cut small so that a
slight movement of the arm E under the influence of the pressure exerted upon it
by the wheel P acting through the vane H will serve to throw them out of mesh.
The arm, pinion, and shaft are of such a construction that a light spring G will
pull the pinion into gear when permitted to so act, or it may be made to act by
expansion where the arrangement of other parts make it desirable. This spring
should be made as weak as is consistent with certainty of action. For it is
evident that where the path of the traversing mechanism nearly coincides with
the curved edge of the surface, any undue pressure from this spring will tend to
give a lateral movement to the traversing mechanism, and by thus preventing it
passing properly over the surface cause an error in the result.
Although the use of this spring permits the simplest arrangement of these parts,
any means or construction will answer the purpose which will compel the
traversing mechanism to properly follow the raised and depressed portions of the
regulating surfaces, as a sheet metal shield around the cylinder B and so shaped
as to correspond with the surface of the cylinder, leaving a space between it and
the surface of the cylinder just large enough for the traversing mechanism to

page_text: oosely fill. This shield may be attachel to the top of the cylinder, other parts
being of course so modified as to permit its use.
In the
Between the vane H and the cylinder B, disc or other form as the case may be,
is some mechanical means for traversing the regulating surfaces, and it is
immaterial whether this mechanism is a wheel, merely a finger, or some other
shape. Whatever it is, it is hereinafter in Specification and claims called
"traversing mechanism." Fig. 6 represents in detail the relative position and
arrangement of the cylinder, vane, and traversing mechanism.
In any case this
traversing mechanism should be so arranged as to press against the vane H while
passing over the raised portion of the surface of the cylinder or disc.
arrangement of the parts here shown it is evident that while this finger or
wheel Pis passing over the raised surface and pressing against the vane H, the
latter by means of the arm E will throw the pinion C out of gear, while the sime
elements will permit the spring G to pull it into gear while the finger or wheel is
passing over the depressed surface. It is not of great consequence however that
this arrangement is adopted. A simple change in the position or shape of the
parts would enable the meshing of the gear to take place when the traversing
mechanism is passing over the raised portion of the surface, as for instance placing
the arm E on the other side of the gear A and connecting it by an intermediate
piece M with the vane H as shown in Fig. 7. This piece M may in such case be
advantageously made in two pieces with a spring between them, to maintain an
elastic, in place of a rigid connection between the vane and pinion. But the form
shown has been adopted as on the whole the better and simpler. The teeth of the
gear and pinion are prevented from "bottoming" by the stop N, Fig. 3, inserted
in or attached to the framework in such a position that the arm E will come in
contact with it at the instant that the gear A and pinion C are properly meshed.
But whether this stop N is used or not the arrangement should always be such
that when the gear and pinion are in mesh there shall be a space between the
vane and the depressed surface slightly larger than the space occupied by the
traversing mechanism, say 3 of an inch greater. If then the apparatus in its
periodical revolutions, where a periodical movement is adopted, is always stopped
so that the wheel or finger opposite the depressed surface the extra space will
permit a perfectly free movement of this traversing mechanism according to the
intensity of force of the matter measured, without pressure from any of the parts,
a point of great consequence to the attainment of accurate results.
The traversing mechanism is fixed to the shaft or float-stem R. As shown in
the drawings this float-stem R, as it is perhaps better called in our special adaptation
of the integrating apparatus, is shown constructed of two parallel pieces with
several cross-ties, and is so arranged that the shaft I fixed to the frame-work
upper
will serve as a guide-rod for it in its motion up and down by passing through its
cross-ties for that purpose. The forked arm P'serves to connect the wheel P₁ with
this float-stem R, when P1 is used. Where it is not used the arm P may itself be
readily so shaped as to follow the regulating surfaces, and press against the vane H,
thus performing all the functions of the wheel P. To enable us to fasten this
arm P fixedly to the shaft we bring the mechanism by which the indicating intensity
actuates this traversing mechanism directly under the end of the shaft. This
mechanism will vary of course with the matter measured or integrated, as for
instance a magnet for electricity, diaphragms for some forces, mercury acted upon
by forces as in this case, &c. &c. Whatever the mechanism. employed for this
purpose it would seem that it might always be placed in this position. But we do
not confine ourselves to this position. Our object is to connect the operative
portion of the mechanism acted upon by the force, as the armature of the magnet,
or as here the float floating in mercury, and the traversing mechanism positively
and fixedly without joints and parts movable with respect to each other, since all
such joints and movable parts necessarily permit of more or less slip and play.
Any position of this mechanism actuated by the indicating intensity which will

page_text: permit this result, will therefore accomplish our object; whether directly below or
not, or whether below or above or at one side. A position directly below or in
some cases above the shaft would seem always to be preferable, these positions
permitting direct action combined with great freedom of movement and without
counterbalancing to prevent binding. This freedom of movement may with this
arrangement be further aided if deemed advisable, by so shaping the vane as to
loosely enclose the traversing mechanism and thus form a sufficient guide for it in
its motion up and down, and thereby do away with any other means for this purpose.
And where in the claims a fixed and positive connection with this mechanism is
spoken of, a connection with the portion movable under the influence of the force
exerted, as the armature of the magnet, or the float here, is meant.
In some cases it is evident that the weight of the parts connecting this mechanism
with the traversing mechanism should be counterbalanced. Nothing of that kind
is shown in these drawings, it being unnecessary for our special purpose.
The vane H is not an absolutely necessary arrangement. Its place may be supplied
by attaching a shaft similar to the guide shalt I to the float-stem R, virtually
making it a part thereof as it is indicated to be by the letter R in Fig. 9,
permitting this shaft to run through the framework of the apparatus which will
then form a sufficient guide for the entire stem, and pivoting the arm E as
a separate piece from the vane H loosely upon this shaft. Then by means of
a spline in the shaft R' as shown in Fig. 8, or by making the shaft of some shape
other than round, as at L in Fig. 10, cause it to swing the pinion C in and out of
mesh, as the shaft I is turned by the traversing mechanism. There is no necessity
in this arrangement of having the shaft fit at all perfectly through the arm E. It
may be loose enough not to be interfered with by fouling and yet made to work
well. Of course in such an arrangement some provision would have to be made in
the outer casing to permit the end of the shaft I sufficient space to rise.
is easily accomplished by a pipe closed at the top and screwed into an orifice in the
casing, permitting the end of the shaft to run up inside. We however prefer the
arrangement shown in the main drawings, using the vane H.
But this
Where in the claims of this Specification the gear is spoken of as being operated
with the regulating surfaces, it is meant that it is operated during the same period
of time. The most natural method of effecting this is to attach it to the same
body which carries the regulating surfaces, but of course this is not essential.
Again in the case of a reciprocating surface this gear would naturally though not
necessarily become a rack. These and similar modifications are included under the
term "gear operated with said regulating surfaces.".
All of the above improvements will prove of value in measuring many kinds of
matter. But we have secondly designed this apparatus particularly for use in
combination with the water meter called by its inventor the Venturi meter, a simple
representation of which is shown in Fig. 2. In this meter from the difference in
the pressures of the water in the main above the contraction, and that at the
contracted portion of the pipe or meter, is calculated the quantity of water passing,
and to integrate and register this total quantity through the variations of this
difference of pressures from time to time, or continuously as may be preferred, is
the particular object of this invention. For this purpose the depressed portion, (or
raised portion if that should be preferred), of the regulating surfaces is shaped in
the ordinary way, the variations in the difference of the pressures, which here
represent the indicating intensity, being represented by the ordinates of the outside
curved boundary of the surface and the quantity of water due to the differences of
the pressures by the abscissæ.
In practice the water-main and Venturi tube are generally of course located
under ground, as in the case of any water-main. But while our integrating
apparatus may be placed in a casing set in the ground close to the main, it
may also
and preferably be located anywhere in the vicinity, as above ground in any
convenient position, it being understood that in any case it is connected with the

page_text: main and Venturi tube by small pipes, representing the priezometer tubes of the
Venturi meter, connecting it the one with the min an the other with the Venturi
tube. These small connecting pipes are filled with the water from the water-main
at their respective points of connection therewith, and thus transmit to th
integrating apparatus through the water the same pressures as exist in the main at
those points.
If we assume that the main and Venturi tube of Fig. 2 are placed under ground,
and the integrating apparatus of Fig. 1 situated at any convenient place in the
vicinity, the tubes or pipes marked X in the two figures would be in practice
connected together, thus transmitting the pressure of the main to the lower portion
of the integrating apparatus. And so also the tubes or pipes market Z would also.
be similarly connected and for a similar purpose.
The Venturi meter includes not
only the Venturi tube in itself but also these pipes or tubes to transmit the
pressures and mechanism of the several kinds shown in the Patent before referre
to for making practical use of these pressures.
Wherever therefore the term
Venturi meter is used in the claims it is to be understood that the complete
mechanism in some one of the forms of the Venturi meter is meant.
Our invention as to this portion of it, consists in so arranging the relative position
of the meter and integrating apparatus and their connecting parts, and so con-
structing and encasing these parts as to best produce an accurate and sensitive
combination. To effect this purpose we bring together the tubes X and Z,
Figs. 1 and 2 as just described, preferably directly under the integrating apparatus,
as indicated above in the first part of this Specification as the best position for it.
Our improved integrating apparatus can with advantage be used in combination
with the Venturi meter without being thus placed, but this position is preferable in
making it easy to accomplish other results hereinafter described. These two tubes.
may unite in an ordinary U tube, the float hereinafter describe I then being placed
in one of its limbs. Or as we prefer and show in the drawings one tube may
surround the other. In practice we accomplish this by means of the tube S, Fig. 1.
This tube open at both ends is constructed with a flange shown at V, and by
bolting this Hange between flanges on the two portions of the outer casing V,
as shown at the same point, we divide the outer casing into two compartments,
and connect each of these with one of the pipes or tubes leading from the water
main and Venturi tube as above described. The tube S being open at its top, and
spaces being left around it in constructing the apparatus for the free passage of the
water over its top from the Venturi tube entering the upper compartment as shown
near the point marked T in Fig. 4, the pressure exerted by the water is transferred
to the inside of the tube S, and the latter thus becomes for the purposes of this.
invention a part of the pipe or tube Z. The tube S then extends downward and
inside but without reaching the bottom of the other compartment which connected
by the pipe X to the main, becomes practically a part of that pipe or tube, so that S
forming a part of Z becomes for the purposes of this invention the inner of the two
pipes Z and X; and that is what is hereafter meant when it is called the inner
tube or pipe. Mercury may then be placed in the closed bottom of the lower
compartment or outer tube. In the use of mercury however it is necessary to
make the vessel containing it of some substance through which it cannot pass
owing to its well known tendency to penetrate even solid substances. To permit
us to use such substances as glass or hard rubber for this purpose and yet protect
the vessel against breakage in transportation and use, we support the glass or
rubber vessel Y inside an enlargement of the outer tube by means of the studs
or projections Y' upon the inner surface of the outer casing, permitting the water
in the tube to surround the outside thereof as shown in Fig. 1, and are thus enabled
to use vessels which would otherwise be far too fragile for the purpose.
Whether this cup Y is used or not the lower end of the tube S inust dip into the
mercury. Thus it will be seen that the pressures of the main and Venturi tube are
transmitted by means of the water in the pipes or tubes X and Z to the mercury
in the vessel Y, and the height to which the mercury will go in the tube S will

page_text: thus depend upon the excess of pressure transmitted by X over that transmitted
by Z. When these pressures are the same, of course the mercury would stand at
the same height inside and outside of S. In Fig. 1 it is represented as raised
inside by the excess of pressure in X, and its height is indicated by the horizontal
line drawn across the float Q, its height outside of S being indicated by the lines
drawn near the bottom and outside of S. In the mercury is a float Q which we
prefer to make of hard rubber fixed to the end of the float stem R of the
integrating apparatus proper, I being a guide rod for the stem R. This float is
here shown raised from its zero position by the height of the mercury as above
described, its zero position of course being that which it would assume when the
mercury under the influence of equal pressures in the main and Venturi tube is at an
equal height inside and outside of the tube S. In the construction of our apparatus
we so proportion the parts that when this float is at its zero position, the traversing
mechanism, as the wheel P¹, is at the bottom of the registering surfaces, and rises
as the mercury in the tube S rises. It will ordinarily we think be more convenient
to place this float P in the inner tube. But it is immaterial to the proper working
of the apparatus in which it is placed, and it is also immaterial which is the inner
tube, that from the main or from the contracted throat.
Whatever arrangement is employed however in these respects, the regulating
surfaces must of course correspond, that is, for instance if the relative position
of the tubes as shown in the drawing be reversed, the surfaces must also be turned
upside down on the cylinder.
Any stuffing box around the float-stem R between the tubes and the integrating
apparatus, as at the point T, would of course have a tendency to prevent the free
movement the shaft, and in accordance with our desire to avoid all sources of
friction, we have done away with the necessity of this stuffing box by making the
outer casing V V V enclosing the regulating surfaces and some other parts water-
tight, and thus practically for the purposes of this invention making it a part of the
pipe Z and inner tube S, thereby freely permitting the water to surround these
parts. The mechanism to drive the cylinder, as the clockwork O, or other body
supporting the regulating surfaces is carried into, and the connection between the
pinion and the registering mechanism taken out of this casing through stuffing
boxes as at U and W, Figs. 1 and 4, but stuffing boxes in these positions
manifestly do not interfere with the sensitiveness and accuracy of the apparatus.
In the annexed drawings we have shown the regulating surfaces, traversing
mechanism, vane, gear, spring &c., inside the watertight casing. But it is evident
that it would be quite possible to put some of these outside, as for example the
gears and spring by carrying the pivot of the vane, as at F outside through a stuffing
box and thereby controlling the meshing of the outside gears without perceptibly
reducing the sensitiveness of the apparatus, and without departing from the spirit
of this feature of our invention. And there may be still other arrangements of the
parts in this respect. We do not therefore confine ourselves to the exact arrange-
ment shown in the drawings, and where in the claims the words "said integrating
apparatus being encased in a watertight casing," are used we do not thereby mean
to confine ourselves to an arrangement requiring either all the elements of the
integrating apparatus or those elements shown in the drawings, to be so encased,
but use them for the sake of brevity and clearness to cover the idea of making the
casing part of a pressure tube and placing therein the regulating surfaces,
traversing mechanism, and such other elements as may be preferred. And this
feature of our invention is equally applicable where other forms of integrating
apparatus, not using the regulating surfaces, are employed, by placing in the casing
the more essential features.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is :-
1
In
on
interrating
obne rotue
the combination of regulating surfaces as

page_text: described, to which motion is imparted, and mechanism arranged to traverse these
surfaces and to cause registering mechanism to be operated while traversing
that surface shaped in accordance with the variations in the ratio of quantity
to intensity of force.
2. In an integrating apparatus, the combination of regulating surfaces as
described to which motion is imparted, mechanism to traverse these surfaces
and whose position relative to said surfaces is varied by the force or matter
integrated, means for keeping these surfaces and traversing mechanism in
contact, a gear operated with said surfaces, and a pinion so arranged that it may
mesh with said gear and when in mesh operate registering mechanism, the
meshing of said pinion with said gear being controlled by the joint action of
said regulating surfaces and traversing mechanism by means of intermediate
mechanical elements.
3. In an integrating apparatus, the combination of regulating surfaces as
described to which motion is imparted, mechanism to traverse these surfaces and
whose position relative to said surfaces is varied by the force or matter inte-
grated, means for keeping these surfaces and traversing mechanism in contact,
a vane extending the length of said surfaces, a gear operated with said surfaces,
and a pinion so arranged that it may mesh with said gear and when in mesh
operate registering mechanism, the meshing of said pinion with said gear being
controlled by the joint action of said regulating surfaces and traversing mechanism
acting through said vane.
4. In an integrating apparatus, the combination of regulating surfaces as
described to which motion is imparted, mechanism to traverse these surfaces and
whose position relative to said surfaces is varied by the force or matter inte-
grated, a vane extending the length of said surfaces, a spring, a gear operated with
said surfaces, and a pinion so arranged that it may mesh with said pinion and
when in mesh operate registering mechanism, the meshing of said pinion with
said gear being controlled by said spring when and as permitted by the joint
action of said regulating surfaces and traversing mechanism acting through
said vane.
5. In an integrating apparatus, the combination of regulating surfaces as
described to which motion is imparted, mechanism to traverse these surfaces and
whose position relative to said surfaces is varied by the force or matter inte-
grated, means for keeping these surfaces and traversing mechanism in contact,
a gear operated with said surfaces, and a pinion so arranged that it may mesh with
said gear and when in mesh operate registering mechanism, the meshing of said
pinion with said gear being controlled by the joint action of said regulating
surfaces and traversing mechanism by means of intermediate mechanical
elements, and the various parts being so proportioned and arranged that when
opposite the depressed surface the traversing mechanism is free to assume
any position under the influence of variations in intensity without pressure from
the other elements.
6. In an integrating apparatus the combination of regulating surfaces as described
to which motion is imparted, mechanism to traverse these surfaces and whose
position relative to said surfaces is varied by the force or matter integrated, means
for keeping these surfaces and traversing mechanism in contact, a vane extending
the length of said surfaces, a gear operated with said surfaces, and a pinion so
arranged that it may mesh with said gear and when in mesh operate registering
mechanism, the meshing of said pinion with said gear being controlled by the joint
action of said regulating surfaces and traversing mechanism acting through said
vane, and the various parts being so proportioned and arranged that when opposite
the depressed surface the traversing mechanism is free to assume any position under
the influence of variations in intensity without pressure from the other elements.
7. The combination of an integrating apparatus with a float, floating in mercury,
the level of said mercury being controlled by the pressures of a Venturi meter.
8. The combination of a Venturi meter with an integrating apparatus having

page_text: regulating surfaces as described to which motion is imparted and traversing
mechanism arranged to traverse these surfaces and to cause registering mechanism
to be operated while traversing that surface shaped in accordance with the variations
in the ratio of quantity to intensity of force.
9. The combination of a float, floating in the mercury of a Venturi meter, with
an integrating apparatus having regulating surfaces as described to which motion
is imparted, mechanism to traverse these surfaces and whose position relative to
said surfaces is varied by the force or matter integrated, means for keeping these
surfaces and traversing mechanism in contact, a gear operated with said surfaces,
and a pinion so arranged that it may mesh with said gear and when in mesh operate
registering mechanism, the meshing of said pinion with said gear being controlled
by the joint action of said regulating surfaces and traversing mechanism by means
of intermediate mechanical elements.
10. The combination of a float, floating in the mercury of a Venturi meter, with
an integrating apparatus having regulating surfaces as described to which motion is
imparted, mechanism to traverse these surfaces and whose position relative to said
surfaces is varied by the force or matter integrate 1, means for keeping these surfaces
and traversing mechanism in contact, a vane extending the length of said surfaces,
a gear operated with said surfaces, and a pinion so arranged that it may mesh with
said gear and when in mesh operate registering mechanism, the meshing of said
pinion with said gear being controlled by the joint action of said regulating surfaces
and traversing mechanism acting through said vane.
11. The combination of a float, floating in the mercury of a Venturi meter, with
an integrating apparatus having regulating surfaces as described to which motion
is imparted, mechanism to traverse these surfaces and whose position relative to said
surfaces is varied by the force or matter integrated, a vane extending the length of
said surfaces, a spring, a gear operated with said surfaces, and a pinion so arranged
that it may mesh with said pinion and when in mesh operate registering mechanism,
the meshing of said pinion with said gear being controlled by said spring when and
as permitted by the joint action of said regulating surfaces and traversing mechanism
acting through said vane.
12. The combination of a float, floating in the mercury of a Venturi meter, with
an integrating apparatus having regulating surfaces as described to which motion
is imparted, mechanism to traverse these surfaces and whose position relative to
said surfaces is varied by the force or matter integrated, means for keeping these
surfaces and traversing mechanism in contact, a gear operated with said surfaces,
and a pinion so arranged that it may mesh with said gear and when in mesh operate
registering mechanism, the meshing of said pinion with said gear being controlled
by the joint action of said regulating surfaces and traversing mechanism by means
of intermedinte mechanical elements, and the various parts being so proportioned
and arranged that when opposite the depressed surface the traversing mechanism is
free to assume any position under the influence of variations in intensity without
pressure from the other elements.
13. The combination of a float, floating in the mercury of a Venturi meter, with
an integrating apparatus having regulating surfaces as described to which motion
is imparted, mechanism to traverse these surfaces and whose position relative to
said surfaces is varied by the force or matter integrated, means for keeping these
surfaces and traversing mechanism in contact, a vane extending the length of said
surfaces, a gear operated with said surfaces and a pinion so arranged that it may
mesh with said gear and when in mesh operate registering mechanism, the meshing
of said pinion with said gear being controlled by the joint action of said regulating
surfaces and traversing mechanism acting through said vane and the various parts
being so proportioned and arranged that when opposite the depressed surface the
traversing mechanism is free to assume any position under the influence of variations
in intensity without pressure from the other elements.
14. The combination of a Venturi meter with an integrating apparatus having
regulating surfaces as described to which notion is imparted, mechanism to traverse

page_text: these surfaces and whose position relative to said surfaces is varied by the force or
matter integrated, means for keeping these surfaces and traversing mechanism in
contact, a gear operated with said surfaces, and a pinion so arranged that it may
mesh with said gear and when in mesh operate registering mechanism, the meshing
of said pinion with said gear being controlled by the joint action of said regulating
surfaces and traversing mechanism by means of intermediate mechanical elements.
15. The combination of a Venturi meter with an integrating apparatus having
regulating surfaces as described to which motion is imparted, mechanism to traverse
these surfaces and whose position relative to said surfaces is varied by the force or
matter integrated, means for keeping these surfaces and traversing mechanism in
contact, a vane extending the length of said surfaces, a gear operated with said
surfaces, and a pinion so arranged that it may mesh with said gear and when in
mesh operate registering mechanism, the meshing of said pinion with said gear being
controlled by the joint action of said regulating surfaces and traversing mechanism
acting through said vane.
16. The combination of a Venturi meter with an integrating apparatus having
regulating surfaces as described to which motion is imparted, mechanism to traverse
these surfaces and whose position relative to said surfaces is varied by the force or
matter integrated, a vane extending the length of said surfaces, a spring, a gear
operated with said surfaces, and a pinion so arranged that it may mesh with said
pinion and when in mesh operate registering mechanism, the meshing of said pinion
with said gear being controlled by said spring when and as permitted by the joint
action of said regulating surfaces and traversing mechanism acting through
said vane.
17. The combination of a Venturi meter with an integrating apparatus having
regulating surfaces as described to which motion is imparted, mechanism to traverse
these surfaces and whose position relative to said surfaces is varied by the force or
matter integrated, means for keeping these surfaces and traversing mechanism in
contact, a gear operated with said surfaces, and a pinion so arranged that it may
mesh with said gear and when in mesh operate registering mechanism, the meshing
of said pinion with said gear being controlled by the joint action of said regulating
surfaces and traversing mechanism by means of intermediate mechanical elements
and the various parts being so proportioned and arranged that when opposite the
depressed surface the traversing mechanism is free to assume any position under
the influence of variations in intensity without pressure from the other elements.
18. The combination of a Venturi meter with an integrating apparatus having
regulating surfaces as described to which motion is imparted, mechanism to traverse
these surfaces and whose position relative to said surfaces is varied by the force or
matter integrated, means for keeping these surfaces and traversing mechanism in
contact, a vane extending the length of said surfaces, a gear operated with said
surfaces, and a pinion so arranged that it may mesh with said gear and when in
mesh operate registering mechanism, the meshing of said pinion with said gear being
controlled by the joint action of said regulating surfaces and traversing mechanism
acting through said vane and the various parts being so proportioned and arranged
that when opposite the depressed surface the traversing mechanism is free to assume
any position under the influence of variations in intensity without pressure from the
other elements.
19. The combination consisting of an integrating apparatus, a water-tight casing
surrounding said apparatus, and one of the tubes of a Venturi meter, said tube
being connected with said casing so that the water in the tube may flow into and
fill the casing, substantially as described.
20. The combination of a Venturi meter with an integrating apparatus having
regulating surfaces as described to which motion is imparted, mechanism to traverse
these surfaces and whose position relative to said surfaces is varied by the force
or matter integrated, means for keeping these surfaces and traversing mechanism
in contact, a gear operated with said surfaces, and a pinion so arranged that it
may mesh with said gear and when in mesh operate registering mechanism, the

page_text: meshing of said pinion with said gear being controlled by the joint action of said
regulating surfaces and traversing mechanism by means of intermediate mechanical
elements, and said integrating apparatus being encased in a water-tight casing
forming a part of one of the tubes of said meter.
21. The combination of a Venturi meter with an integrating apparatus having
regulating surfaces as described to which motion is imparted, mechanism to traverse
these surfaces and whose position relative to said surfaces is varied by the force
or matter integrated, means for keeping these surfaces and traversing mechanism
in contact, a vane extending the length of said surfaces, a gear operated with said
surfaces, and a pinion so arranged that it may mesh with said gear and when in
mesh operate registering mechanism, the meshing of said pinion with said gear
being controlled by the joint action of said regulating surfaces and traversing
mechanism acting through said vane, and said integrating apparatus being encased
in a water-tight casing forming a part of one of the tubes of said meter.
22. The combination of a Venturi meter with an integrating apparatus having
regulating surfaces as described to which motion is imparted, mechanism to traverse
these surfaces and whose position relative to said surfaces is varied by the force
or matter integrated, a vane extending the length of said surfaces, a spring, a gear
operated with said surfaces, and a pinion so arranged that it may mesh with said
pinion and when in mesh operate registering mechanism, the meshing of said
pinion with said gear being controlled by said spring when and as permitted by
the joint action of said regulating surfaces and traversing mechanism acting through
said vane, and said integrating apparatus being encased in a water-tight casing
forming a part of one of the tubes of said meter.
23. The combination of a Venturi meter with an integrating apparatus having
regulating surfaces as described to which motion is imparted, mechanism to traverse
these surfaces and whose position relative to said surfaces is varied by the force
or matter integrated, means for keeping these surfaces and traversing mechanism
in contact, a gear operated with said surfaces, and a pinion so arranged that it
may mesh with said gear and when in mesh operate registering mechanism, the
meshing of said pinion with said gear being controlled by the joint action of said
regulating surfaces and traversing mechanism by means of intermediate mechanical
elements and the various parts being so proportioned and arranged that when
opposite the depressed surface the traversing mechanism is free to assume any
position under the influence of variations in intensity without pressure from the
other elements; and said integrating apparatus being encased in a water-tight
casing forming a part of one of the tubes of said meter.
24. The combination of a Venturi meter with an integrating apparatus having
regulating surfaces as described to which motion is imparted, mechanism to traverse
these surfaces and whose position relative to said surfaces is varied by the force
or matter integrated, means for keeping these surfaces and traversing mechanism
in contact, a vane extending the length of said surfaces, a gear operated with said
surfaces, and a pinion so arranged that it may mesh with said gear and when in
mesh operate registering mechanism, the meshing of said pinion with said gear
being controlled by the joint action of said regulating surfaces and traversing
mechanism acting through said vane and the various parts being so proportioned
and arranged that when opposite the depressed surface the traversing mechanism
is free to assume any position under the influence of variations in intensity
without pressure from the other elements, and said integrating apparatus being
encased in a water-tight casing forming a part of one of the tubes of said meter.
25. The combination of a Venturi meter having a vessel containing the mercury
thereof, said vessel being surrounded by the water of the meter under pressure,
with an integrating apparatus.
26. The combination of an integrating apparatus with a float floating in the
mercury of a Venturi meter, said mercury being contained in a vessel surrounded
by the water of the meter under pressure.
27. The combination of a Venturi meter having a vessel containing the mercury

page_text: thereof, said vessel being surrounded by the water of the meter under pressure,
and an integrating apparatus, said apparatus being encased in a water-tight casing
forming a part of one of the tubes of said meter.
28. The combination of an integrating apparatus with a float floating in the
mercury of a Venturi meter, said mercury being contained in a vessel surrounded
by the water of the meter under pressure, and said integrating apparatus being
encased in a water-tight casing forming a part of one of the tubes of said meter.
29. In an integrating apparatus, the combination of regulating surfaces as
described to which motion is imparted, mechanism to traverse these surfaces ard
whose position relative to said surfaces is varied by the force or matter integrated,
means for keeping these surfaces and traversing mechanism in contact, a gear
operated with said surfaces, a pinion so arranged that it may mesh with said gear
and when in mesh operate registering mechanism, and the mechanism actuated
by the indicating intensity of the force or matter integrated, the meshing of said
pinion with said gear being controlled by the joint action of said regulating surfaces
and traversing mechanism by means of intermediate mechanical elements, and said
traversing mechanism and the mechanism actuated by said intensity being rigidly
connected together.
30. In an integrating apparatus, the combination of regulating surfaces as
described to which motion is imparted, mechanism to traverse these surfaces and
whose position relative to said surfaces is varied by the force or matter integrated,
means for keeping these surfaces and traversing mechanism in contact, a vane
extending the length of these surfaces, a gear operated with said surfaces, a pinion
so arranged that it may mesh with said gear and when in mesh operate registering
mechanism, and the mechanism actuated by the indicating intensity of the force
or matter integrated, the meshing of said pinion with said gear being controlled
by the joint action of said regulating surfaces and traversing mechanism acting
through said vane, and said traversing mechanism and the mechanism actuated
by said intensity being rigidly connected together.
31. In an integrating apparatus, the combination of regulating surfaces as
described to which motion is imparted mechanism to traverse these surfaces and
whose position relative to said surfaces is varied by the force or matter integrated,
a vane extending the length of these surfaces, a spring, a gear operated with said
surfaces, a pinion so arranged that it may mesh with said gear and when in mesh
operate registering mechanism, and the mechanism actuated by the indicating
intensity of the force or matter integrated, the meshing of said pinion with said
gear being controlled by said spring as and when permitted by the joint action of
said regulating surfaces and traversing mechanism acting through said vane, and
said traversing mechanism and the mechanism actuated by said intensity being
rigidly connected together.
Dated the outh dow of November 1901
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agent,
For the Applicants.