provements in and relating to Ships' Telegraphs
Year: 1895

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Improvements in and relating to Ships' Telegraphs
We, JOHN WILI IAM RAY and ROBERT COLEMAN SAXBY, both of 8 Canning
Place, Liverpool in the County of Lancaster, Nautical Instrument Makers, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows
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This invention relates to ships' telegraphs, such for example as are used to
transmit orders from the bridge to the engine room, and the object is to so
construct and connect the transmitting and recording instruments, that the motion
of the one may be communicated to the other by means of a column of liquid
which connects the two together
According to our invention we construct such apparatus adapted say, to transmit
orders from the bridge to the engine room as follows
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We provide two cylinders, one in the transmitter and the other in the indicator,
and we connect the interiors of these two cylinders by a pipe which in practice,
would consist of number of convenient lengths coupled together by suitable
Joints Each cylinder has a ram adapted to work fluid-tight therein the ram in
the tian mitter is so connected to the operating handle that the angular movement
of the latter produces a corre-ponding lineal movement of the former, and the ram
of the indicator is so connected to the indicating hand that lincal movement of the
ram produces a corresponding angular movement of the hand, we usually make
these connections by means of racks and pinions We prefer usually to locate the
cylinder of the transmitter in the hollow column on which the dial is supported,
and, instead of gearing the rack attached to the transmitter ram, directly to the
pinion on the shaft which has the rotary movement, as in the case of the indicator,
we may gcar it to an independent pinion pivoted lower down in the casing than the
spindle of the operating handle, but parallel thereto and geared therewith by
intermediate wheels this construction enables us to obtain a long stroke of the
ram, and to locate the rack symmetrically with reference to the ram, without
aeparting from the usual dimensions of the transmitter
We attach a weight or spring to the rim of a pulley keyed on the spindle of the
indicating hand of the indicator, or to the ram of the indicator directly, so that the
latter is always urged down into its cylinder, and we force into and retain within
the two cylinders and their connecting pipe enough liquid to completely fill them
when the rams are in such position that the operating handle of the transmitt r and
the indicating hand of the indicator are opposite the same order It will be seen
therefore, that if the size of the rams and the respective gearing be suitably
arranged, any angular movement of the operating handle will be transmitted by
the interposed liquid to the indicator and produce a corresponding movement of the
indicating hand thereof
The operating handle of the transmitter is provided with an index hand which
moves over the dial on which the various orders are marked, and the handle may
be provided with a locking device which automatically locks the handle at the
order to which it was last moved, and which is unlocked in the act of grasping the
handle When the handle is moved so as to raise the rim of the transmitter,
the weight or spring of the indicator ram forces the latter into its cylinder to
a corresponding amount, and when the handle is moved so as to depress the ram of

page_text: the transmitter, the indicator ram is raised a corresponding amount by the interposed
liquid, which of course is incompressible
It will be observed that the liquid is normally under pressure, due to the weight
or spring referred to, and we make use of this property to enable us to adapt the
apparatus to send a reply from the engine room to the bridge We do this by
placing on the transmitter a second and independent index hand, so connected to
a plunger or diaphragm exposed to the pressure of the liquid, that, when the liquid
is subjected to pressure equal to or greater than that due to the weight or spring,
the hand is in its non-indicating position, when however this pressure is relieved,
by the engineer raising the weight by external means, the said hand moves to the
indicating position, in this way the engineer moves the hand to indicate that the
order has been received
The rams may be of equal or unequal diameter, the gearing being, of course,
arranged to suit the respective sizes
Where our invention is applied to cases in which there are a number of
transmitters to be connected to the one indicator, we may use but one transmitting
1am and cylinder and couple the ram to each of the transmitters by mechanical
means such as bevel wheels or endless chains or where there are two transmitters
each may be provided with a ram and cylinder and the two may be so coupled that
the movement of either handle operates both raris, we may also adopt a similar
arrangement where more than one indicator is required
In some cases we prefer to substitute, for the reply mechanism described, an
independent transmitter and indicator, the former being placed in the engine room
and the latter incorporated with the transmitter on deck
The usual bell mechanism, or a modification of it, may, of course, be used in
combination with each of the devices described
We provide cocks and reservoirs at convenient points, usually at the transmitter,
by means of which the operating liquid may be replenished should any leakage
take place
Collapsable cylinders may be used instead of cylinders and rams, and the
gearing for converting the lineal into rotary movement may be modified without
departing from the spirit of our invention
Pistons may be substituted for the rams and the apparatus made double acting
by the use of a second connecting pipe, in which case the weight to urge the
indicator ram into its cylinder may be dispensed with
It is to be understood that while we have described our invention in reference
to a specific form of ships' telegraphs, it is applicable to such telegraphs
generally
Dated this 29th day of April 1895
SLOAN & LLOYD BARNES,
Castle Chambers, Castle Street, Liverpool,
Agents for the Applicants
We, JOHN WILLIAM RAY and ROBERT COLEMAN SAXBY, both of 4
8 Canning Place, Liverpool in the County of Lancaster, Nautical Instrument
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement
-
This invention relates to ships' telegraphs, such for example as are used to 5

page_text: transmit orders from the bridge to the engine room, and the object is to so construct
and connect the transmitting and recording instruments, that the motion of the one
may be communicated to the other by means of a column of liquid which connects
the two together
We have illustrated our invention, as adapted to transmit orders from the bridge
to the engine room, in the accompanying drawings in which Figs I and II show
the bridge instrument, and Figs III and IV the engine room instrument,
Fig is a sectional elevation on the line A A of Fig II,
Fig II sectional elevation on the line B B of Fig I
Figs III and IV are analogous view, the sections being taken on and D D
respectively
Throughout the drawings, the same pirts are indicatel by the same reference
figures, and in the case of sections, the direction in which they are viewed is
indicated by the small arrows placed adjacent to the letters denoting the plane of
section
In the arrangement we have illustrated there are two cylinders in each instrument,
one being a transmitting cylinder and the other a reply cylinder, for the sake of
clearness of description we will first describe the airangement for transmitting an
order from the bridge to the engine room and afterwards describe the arrangement
for sending the reply
Referring to Fig II it will be seen that the cylinder 1 (this is not the cylinder
shown in section in Fig I but the one behind it) has a ram 2 con nected, by means
of a rack 3, to a pinion 4 keyed to a shaft 5 operated by a handle 6 the cylinder
is carried in the usual standard employed for ships telegraphs and the handle has
a pointer 7 which moves over the usual dial fitted to such instrument, and it will
be seen that the movement of the am in the cylinder will correspond with the
movement of the index hand of the handle 6 over the dial W connect the
cylinder 1, in the transmitter to a cylinder 8 in the recorder or indicator (ee
Figs III and IV) by means of a pipe 9, the cylinder 8 in the indicator is provided
with a ram 10 which operates the indicating hand 11 by means of a rick 3 and
pinion 12 The pinion 12 is mounted ou a sleeve 13 which carries the hand 11
and wheel 14 for actuating the hammer of the gong 15
The ram 10 is normally
forced into the cylinder by the spring 16 one end of the sping is fixed to the
indicator casing and the other end to the sleeve, and the force of the spring is
transmitted to the ram through the pinion and rack
The handle 6 is provided with a locking level 17 which locks the lever in
position over any order over which it may be placed, the handle is unlocked
the act of grasping it
We place the rims 2 and 10 so that the pointer 7 and hand 11 are over the same
order, and we then fill the unoccupied spaces in the cylinders, and the connecting
pipe with a suitable liquid which is retained therein If now the handle 6 be
moved to any order, its motion will be communicated first to the 1am 2 then through
the interposed liquid to the 1am 10 which in turn will correspondingly move the
hand 11, if the ram 2 be depressed, the rum 10 will be forced out in opposition to
the sping, if the rrm 2 be raised the spring 16 will force the ram 10 into its
cylinder by corresponding amount The movement of the ram 10 is limited by
stops 32 which abut against the lack guide 33 and the movement of the ram 2 1ª
limited by the stops 39 (Figs I and II), the movement of the sleeve 13 which
carries the band 11, is accompanied by the usual gong signals The order from the
bridge is thus transmitted to the engine room and in most cases a reply telegraph
18 fitted to enable those in the engine room to acknowledge the order received, we
prefer to fit the order and reply telegraphs in the same instruments, as usual, and
have shown this arrangement in the drawings
The reply transmitter is fitted in the same instrument as the order indicator, and
it is practically similar in construction to the order transmitter A handle 18
operates a pinion 19 keyed to a shaft 20 the shaft is concentric with the sleeve 13

page_text: which forms a bearing for one end of the shaft The pinion, by means of rack 3,
opeintes a transmitting ram 21 working in a cvlinder 22 connected by 1 pipe 23 to
cylinder 24 (Figs I and II) whose ram 25 operates a sleeve 26 (similar to the
sleeve 13, Fig IV) by means of a pinion 27 and rack 3 the sleeve carries a
hand 28 and, if necessary, a wheel to operate the hammer of a gong and the sleeve
is also attached to a spring 29 which normally tends to force the ram 25 into its
cylinder The action of the reply telegraph is similar to the action of the order
telegraph already described, and the handle 18, like the handle 6, is provided with
locking device When the hand 28 moves opposite to the pointer 7 it indicates
that the correct order has been received
The movement of the rams 25 and 21 is, as in the case of the other iams, limited
by stops 32 which abut against the rack guides 33, and stops 39 (Figs III and IV)
against which the handle but
We provide cocks and reservoirs at convenient points, usually in the bridge
instruments, by means of which the operating liquid may be replenished should
leakage take place, and we also use such re ei voirs to provide against expansion or
contraction of the working liquid A reservon 30 adapted for this purpose is
shown in Fig I, the reservon communicates through separate valves 31 with the
highest points of the cylinders in the bride instrument In Fig I the valve 31
controls the passage between the reservoir and the reply indicator cylinder 24
The valve is normally closed by a spring 34 which is adjusted to pressure greater
than the normal working pressure the valve spindle is attached to a lever 35,
which, when engaged by the projection 36 on the ram 25 when the latter is in its
lowest position, opens the valve in opposition to the spring
The action of this
part of the appatus is as follows,-When the liquid expands the surplus is forced
into the reservoir when the reply tinsmitting ram is forced to the extreme limit of
its in-stroke and the reply indicating ram is therefore against its outwardly
limiting stop Should continction take place, or leakage occu, the deficiency of
liquid will pass the valve on the attempt to form a vacuum as the reply
transmitting iam reaches its extreme outward stroke, and the reply indicating ram
is forced by its spring to its extreme in-stroke, in which po ition of the latter the
valve 31 is open
A simili valve to 31 controls the separate passage from the reservoir to the
order transmitter, and the action is similar to thit de cribed with the exception
that in this case the valve is opened by a lever 37 which is operated by a pin 38 on
the order transmitter ram when the latter is at the limit of its out stroke
The reservon and valves also serve to automatically adjust the telegraphs each
time the operating handles are put in succession into their extreme positions, as
a want of adjustment results from either an excess or deficiency of the working
liquid
Where our invention is applied to cases in which there are a number of trans
mitters to be connected to the one indicator we may use but one ram and cylinder
and couple the ram to each of the transmitters by mechanical means such as bevel
wheels or endless chains in such cases the locking gears for the handles are
dispensed with
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
anvention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we clum is,―
1 In ships' telegraphs, the combination or in operating handle moving over
a dial, a ram operated by the said handle, a second ram adapted to be operated by
the first ram by liquid pressure and loaded in opposition to the said pressure, and
an index hand moving over a dial and operated by the second ram, substantially
as described
2 In ships' telegraphs of the kind herein set forth, the use of a reservoir and
valve substantially as and for the purpose described

page_text: 3 The combination and arrangement of parts forming the improved ships'
telegraph, substantially as described and illustrated
Dated this 28th day of January 1896
SLOAN & LLOYD BARNES,
Castle Chambers, 26 Castle Street, Liverpool,
Agents for the Applicants