AN IMPROVED POWER LOOM FOR WEAVING
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Gedge, of the Firm of John Gedge
and Son, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middle-
sex, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED POWER LOOM FOR
WEAVING." A communication from abroad by Jean Baptiste Beau, of
No. 39, Faubourg Saint Martin, Paris, France.
Sealed the 13th October 1864, and dated the 18th April 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Gedge
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th April 1864.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of No. 11,
Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do-
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED POWER
LOOM FOR WEAVING," (a communication to me from abroad by Jean Baptiste
Beau, of No. 39, Faubourg St. Martin, Paris, France,) to be as follows:-
All the power looms hitherto invented have been unable to fulfil all the
requirements of good weaving, in fact only plain fabrics, such as Orleans and
calico's, have been made by these looms.
The improved loom herein-after described and illustrated on the accom-
panying Sheets of Drawings, forming part of this Provisional Specification,
leaves nothing to desire on the score of perfection, regularity, and facility of
workmanship. It permits not only the making of plain fabrics, but also of
fabrics having from one to five colors, fancy articles, shawls; waistcoating,
dresses, furniture pieces, Utrecht and silk velvets, and other fabrics...
A

page_text: In this loom, as in all weaving looms, the principal piece is the batten,
which is indicated by A, B, C, D, (Figures 1 and 2, Sheets 1 and 2 of the
Drawing); it may oscillate around A, B, which rests in the bearings F, F¹,
and carries the following parts, which I now will successively describe. The
shuttle drivers, two in number, are fixed to the batten by the pieces G, I, G, I,
and may oscillate around the points I, I; they are composed of the lever
arms I, H, I, H, which enter freely into the peckers or angle blocks a, b, c, a, b, c,
which strike directly on the shuttles; these peckers a, b, c, a, b, c, with
lateral grooves, slide horizontally on two rods d, e, d, e, (shewn in plan, see
Figure 5 (Sheet 3) where the pecker a, b, c, is also represented with its
mortice intended to receive the extremity H of the lever I, H; Figure 11
(Sheet 3) shews the details of one of the shuttle drivers. The lever arm I, H,
carries at K a button or pin around which is rolled a spring held by the
screws K', K, and continued above by the. rod K, l, m; it is between this
rod and I, H, that may slide the handle of the crank n, o, p, (see Figure 1,
Sheet 1,) which moves the lever; the result of this arrangement of the
spring K, l, m, is to produce the effect of a whip stroke on the shuttle, and
consequently to throw it sharper; this spring K, l, m, serves at the same time
to bring back the shuttle driver to its normal position. The crank is indicated
Figure 1 (Sheet 1) by n, o, p, q; it rests in the bearings r and 9; the
bearing q is fixed against one of the uprights of the loom frame, and the
other bearing against a horizontal piece G, G, of the said frame. The crank
receives its alternate motion by means of an elbow S (Figure 11, Sheet 3)
and a rod t, u, united to a lever arm v, x, the fulcrum of which is at v and the
extremity a of which is charged with a counterweight y, y, (see Figures 1, 2, 11,
and 28). The lever arm v, a, may move along a guide piece a¹, b¹, which
limits its journey; when arrived at the upper part of a', b', to which it is
brought by the button or pin of the wheel D (Figure 28, Sheet 4), it may
be held then by a notch made in a piece c, d, movable around the point d²,
and always pushed forward by the action of the spring e¹; the upper part c¹ of
c¹, d', is so curved that the piece g¹, h¹, provided with a friction roller at h¹,
and a counterweight at g', and being able to oscillate around o¹, brings it back
by pressing with the friction rollers on c¹, and thus at a given moment permits
the escape of the lever v, x, which under the influence of the counterweight y, Y,
and of a spring m¹, n', attached to the rod f¹ (see Figure 1, Sheet 1) .falls
sharply on the lower part of the guide a¹³, 6', and thus communicates motion
to the crank n, o, p, q, aud consequently to the shuttle driver. The guide a¹, b',
is shewn separately (Figures 45 and 46, Sheet 4). Beneath the pieces G', I,
G', I, (see Figures 1, 2, and 2*, Sheets 1 and 2,) the batten carries

page_text: pulleys p', p', which serve to regulate by means of the small chains the march
of the slides to be hereafter mentioned. The pulleys p, p, are fixed at the
two extremities of a shaft composed of two independent parts A, B, and in
the middle of which are two arrangements of pulleys p8, p8; it is these pulleys
which give motion to the shafts of the pulleys p, p, on the pulleys p³, p³,
wind chains 98, 98, (Figure 2*,) which after having passed on a small cast-
iron cylinder (Figure 2*) and two other larger cylinders s and t (Figure 2)
is attached to the mechanism herein-after described placed at the upper part
of the loom. On the batten at E, E, between the lay cap and the cheek is
the reed or slay, the same in every particular as those used in ordinary looms..
It is placed in grooves of sufficient depth made underneath for the lay cap,
and above for the cheek. It plays freely between the lames A, C, B, D.
The cheek is at the bottom of the batten; it carries the socket or bar
on which slides the shuttle, and is shewn at K, K, (Figures 1 and 2, Sheets 1
and 2); at the two ends of this cheek are the boxes which receive the
shuttles. These boxes, shewn Figures 1, 2, 6, 7, 9, 10, Sheets 1, 2, and 3,)
are horizontal, and may move from front to back and from back to front, after
the manner of the slides; in order to effect these movements they engage by
copper grooves or slide pieces i, i, i, ', in the lames p', p', (Figure 5, Sheet 3),.
at the same time the rods 1', ', having spiral springs round them, penetrate
into the holes q, q', (Figure 9) made in small pieces of steel fixed in front of
the box; the effect of these springs is to always push the boxes forward and
bring them back to their normal position; small chains attached by one part
to the hooks r, 1, (Figure 5) of a shaft which receives motion by means of
the pulleys p', p', of which mention has just been made, fasten by another
part on to the hooks s', s', (Figures 9 and 10) fixed under the box. A
movable piece A, B, C, D, (Figure 5, Sheet 3), cut out with parts more or
less high and more or less low, serves to arrest or to permit the passage of the
box in its journey by coming against copper pieces E, E, placed under the
box. The piece A, B, C, D, receives its movement by the aid of a small
chain F going to and winding on a small pulley G¹ fixed on the posterior and
lateral face of the cheek, a spring F tends always to bring the piece A, B, C, D,
to its normal position. The boxes may be placed either horizontally or
vertically, that is to say, the one above the other, and with as many compart-
ments as may be required for the work. At the bottom of each of the
compartments of the box, always supposing this latter to be horizontal, is a
cylindrical hole a", in which enters a small pin a¹ (Figure 8, Sheet 3) with
round head, and fixed to a spring blade a'. Besides these spring blades a*
placed at the bottom of the compartments of the boxes there are other

page_text: narrower blades a³ (Figure 6) placed laterally, and it is between these blades,
the sides of the boxes, and the small stops 6", fixed on the separations of the
box, that the shuttles come and place themselves. The stops 6" are there to
press upon the shuttles, and consequently aid their action on the spring
blades a and the pins a¹, of which the object will be hereafter explained.
These shuttles are arrested by extra thicknesses 3 fixed against the divisions
of the boxes. Along the cheek is a rod A', B', (Figure 2) resting on the
bearings C', and which carries the following parts :-A piece, shewn Figures 1,
2, 5, 16, 17, and 18 (Sheets 1, 2, and 3), composed of a part A", B", traversed
by the rod A', B', (Figure 16); another part C, D, E, comes against the
first, and is there held by screw pressure; at F" is a fork, the object of which
will be herein-after stated. At the end of A¹, B¹, on the other side, there is
also a similar piece to that A", B". Immediately beneath the part E of
C, D, E, F, is a piece G, H, I", (Figures 20 and 21, Sheet 3) movable
around H; a small pin J" prevents the branch G", H", from descending
lower than the upper end of this pin, the other branch H", I", rests in its
normal state on the part of G, H, L, M, which is intended to fix
the apparatus on the cross piece A, B, Figure 1. By the side of the
piece A, B, C, D, E, and fixed on the lateral face of the cheek, in
another piece, shewn Figure 19, composed of an immovable part L", M", and
two movable parts, firstly N", P", which may have a single movement
around O", that of from below upwards for the part P", and then the piece Q",
Ru, movable round the point Qu, and which when it is vertical, that is to
say, in the position shewn Figure 19, comes on a flat part of the branch P",
and prevents this latter rising; Q", R", is set in the fork F" previously
mentioned, and it is this fork which governs it. The branch N, P, termi-
nates in a sort of hammer head rounded at the end so that its action, on the
friction roller S (Figures 12 and 19) is as gentle as possible; this friction
roller S is fitted to a piece T, U, of the shape shewn on the Drawing, and
which has another smaller roller X" fixed at the other extremity on its lateral
face; this piece T", U", is movable round Y. Behind T", U", (see
Figures 2, 12, 13, 14, and 15) is a piece movable round a vertical axle E
fixed in the cross pieces A, B, C, D, and composed of an upper horizontal
arm C, D, surmounted by a vertical handle F; beneath is another horizontal
arm I¹¹, surmounted by a vertical piece L (Figure 13), which has for object
to uplift at a given moment the friction roller X", and consequently the
extremity U", of T", U", (Figure 12); at the upper part of the handle F" is
fitted a rod M, N; which is within reach of the workman (see Figure 2).
It is by means of this rod that the throwing in and out of gear may be effected
3.

page_text: according to requirement, for which purpose the following mechanism is
employed (see Figures 12 and 13, Sheet 3). A rule O, P, which may
slide horizontally between friction rollers Q, has a notch at R, in which
may lodge the end U", also notched, of the piece U", T, but, in a contrary
direction; two small vertical drums S movable round their axles are fixed to
the end of this rule and between these two drums in the branch I (Figure 14)
which gives motion to the rule. A spiral spring attached at one side to the
rule at U, and on the other to a fixed point T, in unbending brings the
rule back to its normal position. At X is a piece fixed on the rule, and
surmounted by a stud or pin, which can move with gentle friction in a slide
made in the end of a horizontal lever, the fixed point of which is at Z. This
lever terminates at the other end a³ in a fork, which embraces the clutch box
of the shaft of the pulley E in such wise that in acting on the lever by means
of the rod M, N, the gearing or throwing out of gear is effected at pleasure,
and in this wise, on pushing the rod M, N, Figures 2, 12, 13, 14, 15,
(Sheets 1, 2, and 3,) the apparatus indicated by. F, D, I, is made to
turn, in which movement the piece L comes against the friction roller
of T, U, and uplifts it; the end U of T, U", then quits the notch R¹¹¹,
and the rule O, P, under the influence of the spring T, U, escapes, and
the throwing out of gear is effected. To put into gear it is only necessary to
pull the rod M, N, the apparatus F, D, I, and with it the piece I¹¹¹ ;
this latter acts on the friction roller S, and thus draws the rule O, P,
until the extremity of U of T, U, falls into the notch R of O, P,
and thus the gearing is effected.
The combination of the apparatuses above described and shewn, Figures 16,
19, and 20 (Sheet 3), permit the throwing out of gear the moment that
from any cause whatever, the shuttle has stopped on the way; this throwing
out of gear is spontaneous, and the loom stops instantaneously, without the
intervention of the workman. Each time that the shuttle arrives in the box
it rests on the blade at (Figure 8), and consequently on the pin a fixed to it,
this pin comes on to the part A", B", of the apparatus shewn (Figures 16 and 17)
and causes this latter to oscillate in such wise that the part E" uplifts the
piece Q, R", (Figure 19), which is set in the fork F", rises with it, and
thenceforth when the batten in its movements brings forward these pieces,
which are fixed to it, the hammer head P", instead of pressing on the friction
roller S of T", U", rises and slides upon it. When the batten comes back-
ward the piece N, P", slides again without pressing on the friction roller S",
thanks to the piece E", F", which supported by G", H", I", keeps the
piece QR, uplifted; if now from any cause whatever the shuttle stops and

page_text: does not arrive at the box, the pin all attached to the blade a' placed in the
box being no longer pressed, no longer acts on A", B", as before, and the
apparatus, Figures 16, 17, no longer rises, and consequently no longer lifts
the piece Q, R", (Figure 19), which remaining vertical presses on a flat
part of N, P, this piece then becomes immovable, and in the forward
movement which the batten gives to all these pieces, the head P" being no
longer able to lift comes against the friction roller S" of T", U", the ex-
tremity U of this latter (Figure 12) rises and leaves the notch R" of O, P,
the rule O, P, escapes under the action of the spring T, U, and the
throwing out of gear is effected, the loom stops, and the damage which might
have otherwise occurred is no longer to be feared.
The batten A, B, C, D, is moved by means of the following mechanism
(Figures 2, 26, and 27, Sheets 2 and 4). A piece F, G, bolted on the
cheek K, K, embraces a button H' fixed on an elliptical eccentric I; this
latter receives its movement from another eccentric K, equally elliptic,
mounted on the shaft L', M; these mechanical arrangements are two in
number, one to the left, the other to the right of the loom. Behind the
batten are two shafts N, (see Figure 1,) or horizontal cross pieces resting on
the frame of the loom; on these shafts is a small iron shaft O* carrying two
wooden pulleys P and Q. On the pulley P is fixed a small chain, and rod
Rattached at the other end to a rule S* movable round the point T*; this
rule, bent square at U, is united. by a small rod to another rule or balance
lever V, pivoting at X*; this rule or V is united by the other end to a
lever Y termed 'the regulator. The object of this arrangement is to cause
the wheel Z° to advance constantly the number of teeth required, and con-
sequently the wheel which turns the cloth beam on which the fabric rolls after
having passed on the breast beam. The other pulley Q' carries a small chain
attached to one of. the ends of the rule A, the other extremity of which is
united to the improved mechanism at the upper part of the loom; the object
of this arrangement is to govern the march of the regulator. Behind O' at
each side of the loom is a small framing carrying an arrangement of rules
Z, A5, (Figures 1 and 2,) united to each other, and capable of oscillating
around their centres, which are fixed. The ends of the rules Z' are united at g!
(Figure 11, Sheet 3) to the pieces g¹, h', pivoting at 0¹ and existing at each
side the loom; it is these pieces g, h, of which mention has already been
made, which may press by a friction roller at their ends on the curved part
c¹ of the piece c¹, d'; thus this arrangement of four rules or levers has for
object to free the shuttle drivers. On each of the cross pieces N⚫ is an
arrangement of two pulleys, these arrangements facing each other. Two

page_text: cords, the rings of which are at L' and M³ (Figure 2) within reach of the
workman, wind on these pulleys 05 and P5, (Figures 2 and 4,) and are
attached to two rules or levers Q5 and R5, pivoting at 0; at the other end
of these rules are two other cords joined to a bell crank V (Figure 2) in
communication with two small steel plates, the one a³, 65,
notched so as
to embrace the iron blades c, d, e, intended to uphold the crotchets
ff, ff, and the other g, h, notched so as to embrace other blades i³, K³,
also intended to sustain crotchets. These two plates by means of spiral springs
always have a tendency to return to their original position. A piece U5
(Figure 4) tied to a cross piece 15 by a spiral spring keeps always in one
position one of the rules Q5 or R' until the workman changes this position
by pulling one of the rings L and M³. A cord m³ passing over a pulley n³
serves to uphold the two rules Q³, R. To the mechanism which here
replaces the jacquart, although this latter may be used when desired, the
following modification may be applied to suit particular cases. On each of.
the pieces O, p, (Figure 37,) which are opposite each other, is fixed a piece ³,
(see Figure 41, Sheet 4) so arranged on the first as to have a horizontal come-
and-go motion. Above this latter come two pieces s, t, (Figures 39, 40,)
which are superposed, as shewn Figure 38, and may oscillate round the
point ; they are guided in their movement by the screw head a³. The.
piece s has always a tendency to come back to its original position, caused by
the action of the spiral spring 63. As to the plate r³ it is constantly brought
back towards its original position by the spiral spring y³. Figure 42, Sheet 4,
shews two different arrangements of crotchets or lifting wires; they are set in
a cross piece, which is indicated at d, e, Figure 2. The object of the method
above explained is to unhook instantaneously the number of crotchets neces-
sary. Instead of using a hand temple, the following mechanical temple is
used: A rule (Figure 29, Sheet 4) composed of two parts A, B, C, D, united
by a screw F, G, with different screw threads starting from H;. the effect of
this screw is to lengthen or shorten the arrangement. A small angle block I
is brought over the screw, which is in a mortice, and the rule is thus
straight. At each end of the rule is a small copper or brass slide block
K, into which penetrates the tail end of a screw L. These two screws L
have for fixed nut a rule M, M, joined by its two ends to two iron pieces.
N, N, which fix it by screws to the frame of the loom (Figures 29, 31, 34,
Sheet 4).
Figure 43 represents the improved method of regulating the move-
ment of the cloth beam. The following are the pieces placed at the end of
A, B. Two copper or brass crown wheels a, a, furnished with pins or points.

page_text: (see Figures 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, Sheet 4) are fixed on two screws heads
b, b, in such wise that the heads of the pins may come against the screw
head. The whole is fixed to the rule by the pieces c, d, c, d, held by
screws, and above comes a small sheet-iron plate e, f, the whole being fitted
beneath the rule. A brass or copper piece, shewn Figures 32, 33, is placed
on the rule, the front of which it embraces, so that the wheels in turning
present their points by the openings of this piece, which is held on the rule by
a nut. The object of this piece, Figure 32, is to lift the selvage so that the
points of the wheel may always take hold of it. The extremity of the part
C, D, is furnished in the same way as that A, B. The steam engine gives
motion to the loom in the following manner :-On a transmission shaft are
arranged the conical wheels shewn, Figure 54 (Sheet 5). On one of these
wheels winds a band, which embraces the pulley E' (Figures 1 and 2). On
the axle of this pulley is a conical pinion A which commands another conical
pinion B perpendicular to the first. On the axle of B and behind this latter
is a conical wheel C, which gives motion to the wheel D placed beneath,
and furnished with a button or pin, the object of which is to lift at each turn
the lever v, a, and bring it into the notch f¹ of c¹, d', (Figure 11, Sheet 3,).
and consequently bring back the shuttle driver to its original position. It is
on the wheel B that is found the mechanism which gives motion to the batten
(see Figures 2, 26, and 27, Sheets 2 and 4). On the other side of the loom
and on this same axle is a toothed wheel C° (Figures 1 and 28). It gives
motion on one side to the wheel D, which furnished with a stud lifts at each
turn the lever v, x, and on the other side to the wheel Go by means of E and
F6; against this wheel Go and on its axle is set an elliptic toothed wheel H
(see Figure 28), which gears into another elliptical toothed wheel I; on this
latter is a stud K embraced by the piece Lo, shewn, separately, Figure 35.
This piece L may oscillate around the point M° of the fixed piece No, and
has for object to give an alternate up-and-down movement to the piece o°, p³,
of the improved mechanical arrangements at the upper part of the loom, see
Figure 2, Sheet 2, by means of the rod Po and lever Q, which divides into
two elbows R and So: (Figures 2 and 3), so as to act on both sides of the
mechanism. In front of the loom and beneath the roller on which the fabric
winds is another roller on the axle of the wheel V6 (Figure 1), which gives it
the required motion. This wheel V6 receives its motion from another small
wheel X, mounted on a larger one Yo, which tooths into the small pinion Z❝ ;*
on the axle of this latter is a toothed wheel B' turned by the catches C³, C²,
C7; C, strengthened by spring blades D', D', D', D'; around this same axle
moves the regulator Y*, tied to the piece V by a rod. The catches C³-

page_text: are supported on one side by the rule V, and on the other by the rule Y*,
so that their action is combined; a piece E7, E7, fixed at F' on the rule Y*,
and carrying small pins or studs on its inner face, permits the workman's hand
to lift at will the catches C7, which are supported by the rule Y', this latter
coming against a piece G, H, bent square at H7, and which serves as its
regulator. A crank K7 is fixed on the axle B' to be used for this purpose.
If it is desired to make double-piece velvets, the following apparatus is added
to the loom above described. On the frame of the loom is fixed a horizontal
piece A, B, (Figure 22, Sheet 3), this piece carries at c and d two other
pieces, shewn Figure 24 (Sheet 3); these last pieces serve as bearings to the
two guide rollers E, F, G, H, (Figure 23, Sheet 4,) between which works
the blade a, b, c, d, e, f; this blade is further embraced by the two guide
blades L, M, N, O, to add to its rigidity. To receive the requisite come-and-go
motion the blade is connected to a piece g, h, (Figure 23); this piece is bent
as at i, k, l, and connected by the piece l, m, to a lever o, n, (Figure 25,)
which receive motion by the aid of a crank in connection with the toothed
wheel P, which gears into the wheel q, which tooths into r, and this latter
receives its movement from the wheel S placed on the main shaft. The other
wheels t, u, v, x, y, placed almost on top of each other, serve to give motion'
to the beams; the wheel is placed on the axle of the wheel V of the loom,
Figure 1 (Sheet 1). To facilitate the separation of the warp threads before
these latter arrive at the heald, behind this latter is placed an iron comb
termed the separator, movable in every direction in a wooden frame against
the latter. Experience having shewn that the fabric after its separation
by the knife into two parts presses so forcibly on the guides L, M, N, O,
(Figures 22, 24, Sheet 3,) as to interfere with the travelling of the blade, to
obviate this inconvenience the following arrangement has been adopted :-The
lower guide blade L, M, Figures 48 and 50, Sheet 5,) carry studs y corre-
sponding with openings formed in the body of the blade, see Figure 47, in
which two rows of openings are shewn, so that when one of the cutting sur-
faces is worn, the other side of the blade may be used as a new cutting surface.
It will be readily understood that with these studs y the proposed object is
completely fulfilled, because while preventing the guide blade N, O, from
pressing on the blade, it allows this latter free play. The Figures 36 and 36*
(Sheet 4) shew top and side view of an improved shuttle; in this shuttle, the
bottom of which is of steel, the small rollers are of much greater diameter
than those hitherto used, the object of this increased diameter being to give
greater speed to the shuttle. The object of the steel plate placed above the
shuttle is to permit the perfect action of the spring blade, shewn Figure 8

page_text: (Sheet 3), in the shuttle boxes. Figure 51 (Sheet 5) shews a series of
small iron rollers placed in the pieces shewn (Figure 52) one on one side and
one on the other side of the framing. The effect of these rollers is to produce
the separation of the warp from each other, and prevents shrinking and
entangling. Figure 53 shews that figured fabrics may be made.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Edward Gedge in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 18th October 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of No. 11, Wellington
Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Edward Gedge, Her special licence that J, the said William
Edward Gedge, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or. such others
as I, the said William Edward Gedge, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "AN IMPROVED POWER LOOM FOR WEAVING," (a communication to me from
abroad by Jean Baptiste Beau, of 39, Faubourg Saint Martin, Paris, France,)
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Edward Gedge,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their bands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Gedge, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
All the power looms hitherto invented have been unable to fulfil every

page_text: requirement of good weaving, in fact only plain fabrics, such as Orleans and
calico's, have been made by these looms.
The improved loom herein-after described and illustrated on the accom-
panying Sheets of Drawing leaves nothing to desire on the score of perfection,
regularity, and facility of workmanship. It permits not only the making of
plain fabrics, but also of fabrics having from one to five colors, fancy articles,
shawls, waistcoatings, dresses, furniture pieces, Utrecht and silk velvets, and.
other fabrics.
I
:
In this loom, as in all weaving looms, the principal piece is the. batten,
which is indicated by A, B, C, D, (Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 1 of the Drawing);
it may oscillate around A, B, which rests in the bearings F, F', and carries.
the following parts, which I now will successively describe. The shuttle
drivers two in number, are fixed to the batten by the pieces G, I, G, I,
and may oscillate around the points I, I; they are composed of the lever
arms I, H, I, H, which enter freely into the peckers or angle blocks a, b, c, a, b, c,.
which strike directly on the shuttles; these peckers a, b, c, a, b, c, with lateral
grooves, slide horizontally on two rods d, e, d, e, (shewn in plan; see Figure 5,'
Sheet 2) where the pecker, a, b, c, is also represented with its mortice f
intended to receive the extremity H of the lever I, H; Figure 11, (Sheet 2).
shews the details of one of the shuttle drivers. The lever arm I; H,
carries at K a button or pin, around which is rolled a spring held by the:
screws K¹, K, and continued above by the rod K, 1; mit is between
this rod and I, H, that may slide the handle of the crank n, o, p, which
moves the lever; the result of this arrangement of the spring K, l, m, is to
produce the effect of a whip stroke on the shuttle, and consequently to
throw it sharper; this spring K, l, m, serves at the same time to bring back the
shuttle driver to its normal position. The crank is indicated Figure 1 (Sheet 1)"
by n, o, p, q; it rests in the bearings and q, the bearing 7 is fixed against
one of the uprights of the loom frame, and the other bearing r against a hori-
zontal piece G, G, of the said frame. The crank receives its alternate motion.
by means of an elbow S (Figure 11, Sheet 2) and a rod t, u, united to a lever
arm v, x, the fulcrum of which is at v, and the extremity a of which is.
charged with a counterweight y, y, (see Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 1, and 11 and
28, Sheet 2). The lever arin v, x, may move along a guide piece a¹, b', 'which
limits its journey; when arrived at the upper part of a', 6', to which it is brought
by the button or pin of the wheel D', it may be held there by a notch made
in a piece c¹, d', moveable around the point d', and always pushed forward by
the action of the spring e¹; the upper part c¹ of c', d', is so curved that the
piece g, h, provided with a friction roller at h¹, and a counterweight at g.

page_text: and being able to oscillate around o', brings it back by pressing with the friction
rollers on c', and thus at a given moment permits the escape of the lever v, x,
which under the influence of the counterweight y, y, and of a spring m³, n',
attached to the rod f¹ (see Figure 1, Sheet 1), falls sharply on the lower part
of the guide a', 6', and thus communicates motion to the crank.n, o, p, q, and
consequently to the shuttle driver. This guide a¹, b', is shewn separately
(Figures 45 and 46, Sbeet 3). Beneath the pieces G, I, G, I, (see Figures 1, 2,.
and 2*, Sheet 1,) the batten carries pulleys p', p', which serve to regulate by
means of the small chains the march of the slides to be hereafter, mentioned.
The pulleys p', p', are fixed at the two extremities of a shaft composed of two
independent parts A, B, and in the middle of which are two arrangements
of pulleys p, p; it is thèse pulleys which give motion to the shafts of the
pulleys p, p, on the pulleys p³, p³, wind chains q³, 98, which after having
passed on a small cast-iron cylinder. (Figure 2) and two other larger.
cylinders and t is attached to the mechanism herein-after described
placed at the upper part of the loom, and termed "Beau's system." On the
batten at E, E, between the lay cap and the cheek, is the reed or slay, the
same in every particular as those used in ordinary looms. It is placed in
grooves of sufficient depth made underneath for the lay cap, and above for the
cheek. It plays freely between A, C, B, D. The cheek is at the bottom of
the batten; it carries the socket or bar on which slides the shuttle, and is
shewn at K, K, (Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 1); at the two ends of this cheek.
are the boxes which receive the shuttles. These boxes shewn (Figures 1, 2,
6, 7, 9, 10, Sheets 1 and 2), are horizontal, and may move from front to back
and from back to front, after the manner of the slides; in order to effect these
movements they engage by copper grooves or slide pieces i, i, i, i', in the
lames p, p, (Figure 5, Sheet 2), at the same time the rods 1, 1', having
spiral springs round them, penetrate into the holes q', q', made in small pieces
of steel fixed in front of the box; the effect of these springs is to always push
the boxes forward and bring them back to their normal position; small chains
attached by one part to the hooks r¹, r, of a shaft, which receives motion by
means of the pulleys p', p', of which mention has just been made, fasten by
another part on to the hooks S', S', fixed under the box. A moveable piece
A, B, C, D, (Figure 5, Sheet 2), cut out with parts more or less high, and
more or less low, serves to arrest or to permit the passage of the box in its
journey by coming against copper pieces, E, E, placed under the box. The
piece A, B, C, D, receives its movement by the aid of a small chain F¹ going
to and winding on a small pulley G¹ fixed on the posterior and lateral face of
the cheek; a spring F tends always to bring the piece A, B, C, D, to its

page_text: normal position. The boxes may be placed either horizontally or vertically,
that is to say, the one above the other, and with as many compartments as
may be required for the work. At the bottom of each of the compartments
of the box, always supposing this latter to be horizontal, is a cylindrical
hole a", in which enters a small pin a¹ (Figure 8, Sheet 2) with round head;
and fixed to a spring blade a (Figure 8). Besides these spring blades a
placed at the bottom of the compartments of the boxes there are other
narrower blades a³ (Figure 6) placed laterally, and it is between these
blades, the sides of the boxes, and the small stops 6", fixed on the separations
of the box, that the shuttles come and place themselves. The stops 6" are
there to press upon the shuttles, and consequently aid their action on the
spring blades a and the pins a, of which the object will be hereafter
explained. These shuttles are arrested by extra thicknesses b fixed against
the divisions of the boxes. Along the cheek is a rod A', B', (Figure 2)
resting on the bearings C, and which carries the following parts:-A piece,
shewn (Figures 1, 2, 5, 16, 17, and 18, Sheets 1 and 2), composed of a part
A, B, traversed by the rod A¹, B; another part C", D", E", comes against
the first, and is there held by screw pressure; at F" is a fork; the object of
which will be herein-after stated. At the end of A, B, on the other side
there is also a similar piece to that A", B. Immediately beneath the part
E of C, D, E, F, is a piece G", H", I", (Figures 20 and 21, Sheet 2)
moveable around H"; a small pin J" prevents the branch G", H", from
descending lower than the upper end of this pin, the other branch H", I",
rests in its normal state on the part Hof G, I, L, M, which is
intended to fix the apparatus on the cross piece A, B1, (Figure 1, Sheet 1).
By the side of the piece A", B", C", "D", E", and fixed on the lateral face of
the cheek, is another piece (shewn Figure 19) composed of an immoveable
part L", M", and two-moveable parts, firstly N, P, which may have a single
movement around O", that of from below upwards for the part P", and .then
the piece Q, R", moveable round the point Qu, and which when it is vertical,
that is to say, in the position shewn Figure 19, comes on.a flat part of the
branch P, and prevents this latter rising; Q","R", is set in the fork F" pre-
viously mentioned, and it is this fork which governs it. The branch N", P",
terminates in a sort of hammer head rounded at the end, so that its action.
on the friction roller S" (Figures 12 and 19, Sheet is as gentle as possible;
this friction roller S is fitted to a piece T", U", of the shape shewn on the
Drawing, and which has another smaller roller X" fixed at the other extremity
on its lateral face; this piece T", U", is moveable round Y. Behind

page_text: T", U", (see Figures 2, 12, 13, 14, and 15, Sheets 1 and 2) is a moveable
piece round a vertical axle E, fixed in the cross pieces A, B, C, D',
and composed of an upper horizontal arm C, D, surmounted by a vertical
handle F; beneath is another horizontal arm I", surmounted by a vertical
-piece L¹¹, which has for object to uplift at a given moment the friction
roller X", and consequently the extremity U of T, U"; at the upper part
of the handle F is fitted a rod M, N, which is within reach of the work-
man (see Figure 2, Sheet 1). It is by means of this rod that the throwing in
and out of gear may be effected according to requirement, for which purpose
the following mechanism is employed (see Figures 12 and 13, Sheet 2). A
rule O, P, which may slide horizontally between friction rollers Q, has a
notch at R, in which may lodge the end U", also notched, of the piece U", T",
but in a contrary direction; two small vertical drums S, moveable round
their axles, are fixed to the end of this rule, and between these two drums is
the branch I (Figure 14) which gives motion to the rule. A spiral spring
attached at one side to the rule at U, and on the other to a fixed point T¹¹¹,
in unbending brings the rule back to its normal position. At X is a piece
fixed on the rule, and surmounted by a stud or pin, which can move with
gentle friction in a slide made in the end of a horizontal lever, the fixed
point of which is at Z. This lever terminates at the other end as in a fork,
which embraces the clutch box. of the shaft of the pulley E', in such wise that
in acting on the lever by means of the rod M, N, the gearing or throwing
out of gear is effected at pleasure, and in this wise on pushing the rod M¹¹¹,
N, (Figures 2, 12, 13, 14, 15, Sheets 1 and 2) the apparatus indicated by
F, D, I, is made to turn, in which movement the piece L comes against
the friction roller of T", U", and uplifts it; the end U of T, U", then quits
the notch R, and the rule O, P, under the influence of the spring T¹¹¹,
U, escapes, and the throwing out of gear is effected. To put into gear it
is only necessary to pull the rod M, N, the apparatus F, D, I¹¹¹, and
with it the piece I¹¹; this latter acts on the friction roller S¹¹¹, and thus draws
the rule O, P, until the extremity U" of T", U", falls into the notch R¹
of O, P, and thus the gearing is effected.
The combination of the apparatuses above described, which are shewn by
the (Figures 16, 19, and 20 (Sheet 2), permit the throwing out of gear
the moment that from any cause whatever the shuttle has stopped on the way;
this throwing out of gear is spontaneous, and the loom stops instantaneously,
without necessitating the intervention of the workman. Each time that
the shuttle arrives in the box it rests on the blade a' (Figure 8), and con-

page_text: :
sequently on the pin a fixed to it; this pin comes on to the part A", B", of
the apparatus shewn (Figure 16 and 17), and causes this latter to oscillate
in such wise that the part E" uplifts the piece Q", R", (Figure 19) which
is set in the fork F, rises with it, and thenceforth when the batten in its
movement brings forward these pieces which are fixed to it the hammer
head P", instead of pressing on the friction roller S₁ of T", U", rises and
slides upon it. When the batten comes backward the piece N, P, slides
again without pressing on the friction roller S", thanks to the piece E", F",
which supported by G", ", I", keeps the piece Q", R", uplifted; if now
from any cause whatever the shuttle stops and does not arrive at the box, the
pin a attached to the blade a placed in the box being no longer pressed.no
longer acts on A", B", as before, and the apparatus (Figures 16 and 17) no
longer rises, and consequently no longer lifts the piece Q", R", (Figure 19)
which remaining. vertical presses on a flat part of N", P"; this piece then
becomes immoveable, and in the forward movement which the batten gives to
all these pieces, the head P being no longer able to lift comes against the
friction roller S of T, U, the extremity U of this latter (Figure 12) rises
and leaves the notch R of O, P, the rule O, P, escapes under
the action of the spring T, U, and the throwing out of gear is effected, the
loom stops, and the damage which might have otherwise occured is no longer
to be feared.
The batten A, B, C, D, is moved by means of the following mechanism
(Figures 2, 26, and 27, Sheets 1 and 2). . A piece F, G, bolted on the
cheek K, K, embraces a button H* fixed on an elliptical eccentric I'; this
latter receives its movement from another eccentric K', also elliptical, mounted
on the shaft L, M*; these mechanical arrangements are two in number, one
to the left and the other, to the right of the loom. Behind the batten are two
shafts N or horizontal cross pieces resting on the frame of the loom; on these
shafts is a small iron shaft O' carrying two wooden pulleys P and Q. On
the pulley P is fixed a small chain and rod R* attached at the other end to a
rule S' moveable round the point T"; this rule, bent square at U', is united by
a small rod to another rule V' pivoting at X'; this rule V is itself united
by the other end to a lever Y* termed the regulator. The object of this
arrangement is to cause the wheel Z to advance constantly the number of
teeth required, and consequently the wheel Y° which turns the cloth. beam
on which the fabric rolls after having passed on the breast beam. The
other pulley Q carries small chain attached to one of the ends of the
rule A, the other extremity of which is united (Figure 2) to the improved
mechanism herein previously termed "Beau's system;" the object of this

page_text: arrangement is to govern the march 'of; the regulator. Behind O' at each
side of the loom is a small framing, carrying an arrangement of rules Z, As,
(Figures 1 and 2) united to each other and to "Beau's system," and capable
of oscillating around their centres, which are fixed. The ends of the rules Z
are united at g' to the pieces g¹, h', pivoting at o¹ and existing at each side
the loom; it is these pieces g', h¹, of which mention has already been made,
which may press by a friction roller which they have at their end on the
curved part c¹ of the piece c¹, d', (Figure 11, Sheet 2); thus this arrange
ment of four rules or levers has for object. to permit the escape of the
shuttle drivers. On each of the cross pieces N is an arrangement of two
pulleys; these arrangements face each other. Two cords, the rings of which
are at L³ and M5 within reach of the workman, wind on the pulleys Os and P
(Figures 2 and 4, Sheet 1), and are attached to two rules or levers Q³ and R³,
pivoting at 0; at the other end of these rules are two other cords joined to a
bell crank V in communication with two small steel plates of the apparatus
which surmounts the loom, and which is of "Beau's Invention" the one a, b,
notched so as to embrace the iron blades c, d, e, intended to uphold the
crotchets f³, ff, f³, of "Beau's system," and the other g³, h³, notched so as
to embrace other blades is, K, also intended to sustain crotchets. These two
plates by means of spiral springs always have a tendency to return to their
original position. A piece Us (Figure 4) tied to a cross piece 15 by a spiral
spring keeps always in one position one of the rules Q5 or Rs until the work-
man changes this position by pulling one of the rings L5 and Ms. A cord m³
passing over a pulley serves to uphold the two rules Q, R³. To the
mechanism which here replaces the jacquart, although this latter may be
used when desired, the following modification may be applied to suit par-.
ticular cases.
On each side of the pieces o³, p', which are opposite
each other, is fixed a piece q³ carrying notches (see Figure 37, Sheet 3)
above and on one only of the pieces o³, p³, comes another piece 75 (sec
Figure 41, Sheet 3) so arranged on the first as to have a horizontal come-
and-go motion. Above this latter come two pieces s³, t³, (Figures 39 and 40,
Sheet 3,), which are superposed, as shewn Figure 38, and may oscillate round
the point ; they are guided in their movement by the screw head a³. The
pieces has always a tendency to come back to its original position, caused by
the action of the spiral spring 63 fixed at c. As to the plate it is constantly
brought back towards its original position by the spiral spring y fixed at ".
Figure 42 (Sheet 3) shews two different arrangements of crotchets or
lifting wires; they are set in a cross piece, which is indicated at du, e,
Figure 2. The object of the method above explained is to unhook instan-

page_text: .
taneously the number of crotchets necessary. Instead of using a hand temple
the following mechanical temple is used. A rule (Figure 29, Sheet 2) com-
posed of two parts A, B, C, D, united by a screw F, G, with different screw
threads starting from H; the effect of this screw is to lengthen or shorten the
arrangement. A small angle block I is brought over the screw which is in a
mortice, and the rule thus finds itself straight. At each end of the rule'is
& small copper or brass slide block K, into which penetrates the tail end of
the screw L. These two screws L have for fixed nut a rule M, M, joined
by its two ends to two iron pieces N, N, which fix it by screws to the frame
of the loom (Figures 29, 31, 34, Sheet 2).
Figure 43 represents the improved method of regulating the movement of
the cloth beam. The following are the picces placed at the end of A, B:-
Two copper or brass crown wheels a, a, furnished with pins or points (see
Figures 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, Sheet 2,) are fixed on two screw heads b, b;
in such wise that the heads of the pins may come against the screw head; the
whole is fixed to the rule by the pieces c, d, c, d, held by means of screws, and
above comes a small sheet-iron plate e, f, the whole being fitted beneath the
rule. A brass or copper piece, shewn Figures 32, 33, is placed on the rule,
the front of which it embraces, so that the wheels in turning present their
points by the openings of this piece, which is held on the rule by a nut. The
object of this piece, Fig. 32, is to lift the selvage so that the points of the wheel
may always take hold of it. The extremity of the part C, D, is furnished in
the same way as that A, B. The steam engine gives motion to the loom in the
following manner :-On a transmission shaft are arranged the conical wheels,
shewn Figure 54 (Sheet 3). On one of these wheels winds a band which
embraces the pulley E. On the axle of this pulley is a conical pinion A
which commands another conical pinion B, perpendicular to the first. On
the axle of B, and behind this latter, is a conical wheel C, which gives motion
to the wheel Do, placed beneath and furnished with a button or pin, the
object of which is to lift at each turn the lever v, a, and bring it into
the notch f¹ of c¹, d', (Figure 11, Sheet 2), and consequently bring back the
shuttle driver to its original position. It is on the wheel B that is found
the mechanism which gives motion to the batten (see Figures 2, 26, and 27,
Sheets 1, and 2). On the other side of the loom and on this same axle is a
toothed wheel C (Figures 2 and 28). It gives motion on one side to the;
wheel De, which, furnished with a stud, lifts at each turn the lever v, x, and
on the other side to the wheel Go by means of E and F. Against this
wheel G and on its axle is set an elliptic toothed wheel H, which gears
B

page_text: into another elliptical toothed wheel I'; on this latter is a stud Ko, embraced
by the piece L, shewn separately, Figure 35. This piece Le may oscillate
around the point Me of the fixed piece No, and has for object to give an alter-
nate up-and-down movement to the piece o³, ps, of "Beau's system," Figure 2,
by means of the rod P and lever Q, which divides into two elbows R° and S,
so as to act on both sides of the mechanism. In front of the loom, and
beneath the roller on which the fabric winds, is another roller on the axle of
the, wheel V6, which gives it the required motion. This wheel Ve receives its
motion from another small wheel X mounted on a larger one Yo, which
tooths into the small pinion Z. On the axle of this latter is a toothed wheel B'
turned by the clicks C, C, C7, C7, strengthened by spring blades D', D; D', D'.
Around this same axle moves the regulator Y*, tied to the piece V* by a rod A':
The clicks C are supported on one side by the rule V, and on the other
by the rule Y, so that their action is combined. A piece E, F, fixed at F
on the rule Y, and carrying small pins or studs on its inner face, permits the
workman's hand to lift at will the clicks or catches C, which are supported
by the rule Y, this latter coming against a piece G', ', bent into a square
at H, and which serves as its regulator. A crank K' is fixed on the axle B',
to be used for this purpose. If it is desired to make double-piece velvets, the
following apparatus is added to the loom above described:-On the frame of
the loom is fixed a horizontal piece A, B, (Figure 22, Sheet 2). This piece
carries at c and d two other pieces, shewn Figure 24 (Sheet 2); these last
pieces serve as bearings to the two guide rollers E, F, G, H, (Figure 23,
Sheet 2), between which works the blade a, b, c, d, e, f; this blade is further
embraced by the two guide blades L, M, N, O, to add to its rigidity. To
receive the requisite come-and-go motion the blade is connected to a piece g, h,
as shewn, Figure 23. This piece is bent, as at i, k, l, and connected by a
piece l, m, to a lever o, n, (Figure 25), which receives motion by the aid of
a crank in connection with the toothed wheel p, which gears into the wheel g,
which tooths into r, and this latter receives its movement from the wheel S
placed on the main shaft. The other wheels t, u, v, x, y, placed almost on top
of cach other, serve to give motion to the beams. The wheel t is placed on
the axle of the wheel V6 of the loom, Figure 1 (Sheet 1). To facilitate the
separation of the warp threads before these latter arrive at the heald, behind
this latter is placed an iron comb termed the separator, moveable in every
direction in a wooden frame against the batten. Experience having shown
into two parts presses so
that the fabric after its separation by the knife
forcibly on the guides L, M, N, O, (Figures 22, 24, Sheet 2,) as to interfere with

page_text: the travelling of the blade. To obviate this inconvenience the following arrange-
ment has been adopted :-The lower guide blade L, M, (Figures 48 and 50,
Sheet 3,) carry studs y corresponding with openings formed in the body of the
blade, see Figure 47, in which two rows of openings are shewn, so that when
one of the cutting surfaces is worn the other side of the blade may be used as
a new cutting surface. It will be readily understood that with these studs y
the proposed object is completely fulfilled, because while preventing the guide
blade N, O, from pressing on the blade, it allows this latter free play. The blade
placed in the axis of the middle of the fabric has for object in its come-and-go
motion, to cut these velvets in two piles. The Figures 36 and 36* (Sheet 2)
shew top and side view of an improved shuttle. In this shuttle, the bottom of
which is of steel, the small rollers are of much greater diameter than those
hitherto used, the object of this increased diameter being to give greater speed
to the shuttle. The object of the steel plate placed above the shuttle is to
permit the perfect action of the spring blade, shewn (Figure 8, Sheet 2),
in the shuttle boxes.
Figure 51 (Sheet 3) shews a series of small iron rollers placed in the pieces,
shewn Figure 52, one on one side and one on the other side of the framing.
The effect of these rollers is to produce the separation of the warp from each
other, and prevents shrinking and entangling. Figure 53 shews that figured
fabrics may be made. Besides the horizontal shuttle boxes, previously
described, vertical shuttle boxes may be used; their arrangement is illus-.
trated on Sheet 4. These boxes seen from the front at A (Figure 1) and from.
the back at B (Figure 2), are constructed in the same manner as the hori-.
zontal boxes, with this difference, that the hole which permits the passage of
the pin carried by the spring blade placed in each of the compartments is in
the lateral side of these latter instead of being in the bottom side; the pins.
thus act horizontally intead of vertically, as in the arrangement of the
horizontal boxes. At a (Figure 1, Sheet 4) may be seen. the heads of the
pins. Figure 1* shews one of the compartments of the boxes seen from,
beneath., b, c, is the spring blade which carries the pin a; it is fixed at d.,
These vertical boxes slide along guides e, g, el, g', (Figure 2); they carry at h
and h¹ small chains which wind on the cylinder C. The movement of this.
cylinder C is governed as follows, see Figures 1 and 2 (Sheet 4): A small
chain K fixed at one part to this cylinder is attached by another part to a
square D moveable round the point 0; this square D, by the aid of the
square E, receives its movement from the jacquart apparatus. The squares E
are moveable, round hinges carried by pieces E. fixed on the shaft G.; finally,

page_text: a last small chain fixed to the cylinder C, and attached to the ends of the
levers H, carrying counterweights m, serves always to bring back the box to
its normal position as soon as the cause which has produced the displacement
of the box has ceased to exist. To arrest the boxes in their journey at the
desired height there are as many stops M as there are compartments in the
boxes; these stops are cut out as shewn, Figure 2* (Sheet 4), in such a way
as at pleasure to give passage to or intercept the passage of the pieces N fixed
to the back of the boxes. The rules or stops M are moveable horizontally;
and may slide in openings made in the vertical pieces P; they are moved by
means of the small chains T, which by the aid of the squares Q, R, S, receive
their movement from the jacquart apparatus. Spiral springs n always tend
to bring back the rules to their normal position as soon as they are no longer
drawn by the small chains T. The squares Q are equal in number to the
small chains, as are also the squares R, S. For throwing out of gear, the
method already explained may be modified as follows:-The pin a (Figure 8,
Sheet 4), instead of pressing on the piece A to cause the lifting of its end A¹,
presses, on the contrary, so that the end A¹ lowers and acts by pressure on the
piece C. The piece q fixed to the rod of the shuttle driver is composed of
two parallel parts, so that it serves as guide to the rod ŕ of the spring (see
Figures 1, 2, and 3, Sheet 4).
The following arrangement is adopted in order to recall the cards at will,
without reference to the working of the loom :-A piece A (see Figures 4
and 5, Sheet 4) furnished at a¹ with a hook or catch which can act on the
piece B (trundle of cylinder) is fixed at one part at 6 to the framing of the
loom, and attached by another part also to the framing by the aid of a spiral
spring c. Another piece D (shewn Figures 6 and 7, Sheet 4) is the piece by
the aid of which B is made to turn, and consequently the card by pulling on
the chain d; a spiral spring e holds this piece D to prevent its throwing itself
backwards, another spiral spring E always recalls the piece D to its normal
position when the chain D is no longer pulled. By pulling on a small
chain f the piece A may be relifted by the action of the piece G and chain 9,
and prevented from acting on the trundle. Two recall screws V (Figures 1
and 2, Sheet 4) serve to bring back the lay cap to the desired height; this
lay cap is composed of three flat pieces superposed. The middle one is of
iron; further, each one of these pieces is in three parts placed end to end, and
the sections of which are oblique. These sections are arranged like the joints
of stones in stone walls, that is to say, that the sections of each of these pieces
are not on the same line; this arrangement gives the advantage of being able

page_text: to take the lay cap to pieces without touching any other part, and does not
any way injure the strength of the lay cap.
in
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Gedge, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
W. E. GEDGE. (L.S.)