AN HORIZONTAL WINDMILL, UPON ENTIRE NEW PRINCIPLES, FOR GRINDING CORN AND VARIOUS OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1795

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, DANIEL
MAUNSELL, of Sion Row, Clifton, (in the County of Gloucester,) near Bristol, in
the County of Somerset, Esquiro, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by His
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Eighth day of December, in the thirty-sixth year of His
reign, did give and grant unto me, the said Daniel Maunsell, by the description of
Daniel Maunsell, of Sion Row, Clifton, near Bristol, in the County of Somerset,
Esquire, my executors, administrators, and assigns, His especial licence, full
power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Daniel Maunsell, my
exccutors, administrators, and assigns, during the term of years therein ex-
pressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
that part of His Kingdom of Great Britain called England, His Dominion of
Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "AN HORIZONTAL
WINDMILL, UPON ENTIRE NEW PRINCIPLES, FOR GRINDING CORN AND VARIOUS OTHER
PURPOSES," and which will, as I, the said Daniel Maunsell conceive, be of
great public utility; in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso
obliging me, the said Daniel Maunsell, particularly to describe and ascertain
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, and to cause the
same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within one
calendar inonth next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent, as by the said Letters Patent, reference being thereunto_had, may more
fully annear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, that I, the said
Daniel Maunsell, do herely declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, is particularly described and
ascertained in the several Plans or Drawings abovo nade, marked respectivoly
Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3 A, Figure 4, & Figure 3 B, and in the several
explanations or descriptions thereof herein-after mentioned, and referring
thereto, that is to say :-
Figure 1 represents an horizontal windmill, with two horizontal engines
fixed on a perpendicular axis marked X. These engines may act together,
or either of them may act separately, if necessary. A, is the upper engine,
which may have four, five, six, or any greater number of horizontal
arms or levers. The length of those arms or lovers may be proportioned
to the force required. This-engine-has-only-four horizontal arms or levers,
two of which are marked B and B; the other two do not appear on account
of the situation in which the Figuro is represented. C, D, E, F, G, H, I,
and K show the wings or sails in their different positions, which are all
doubled, and may be made of thin boards or framework, and such. frame-
work may be covered with canvass like the sails of a common windmill. These
wings move on hinges or gudgeons respectively marked, O, and being opened
by, the wind on the side which is intended to receive its. direct impulse present
perpendicular, surfaces, but are provented from folding back by the bourds
marked Q, Q, Q, and Q, which strike against four vertical bars, three of which
are marked L, L, and I; the other does not appear; and such vertical-bars are
fixed at the extremities of the arms; the wings are also stopped by other
bars near the axis. The upper wings, marked E, E, G, and. I, are hindered
from.closing too far by cords; marked P, P, and P, which are fastened to the
vertical bars; the lower wings are at .liberty... M, M, M; qud M are weights,
which, together with four other weights that do not appear, aro suspended by
rods to the backs of all the wings, and aro. nearly balanced thereby; and such
wings open froely to receive on one side the wholo force of the wind. as they
are turned round, and are casily closed on the other side, that they may give
but littlo resistance, as. thoy move in opposition to the wind. N and N
represent two of: the wings doubled, which may be opened by hinges, or made
to slide, and for the purpose of extending tho levers and exposing greater
surfaces to the action of the wind. C and D represent the wings expanded
by the wind. E and F are wings moving in opposition, and present surfaces
much diminished; and greatly inclined. G and Haro wings which have passed
the current of the wind, and are ready to open. I and K are. the remote
wings which give no opposition. Another engine of the like nature may be
..

page_text: fixed on the same axis, to act below instead of the lower engine. B is the
lower engine. R represents the wing opened by the wind. T, T, T, T,
and T are the wings closed by the wind. S is the top of the cylinder.
U and U is a frame for the lower engine to act in if necessary.
•
Figure 2 is a section of the lower engine. X is the axis. A is a
cylinder or regular sided figure. B represents the top or bottom of
this engine; which projects about two fect beyond the cylinder, the height
and diameter thereof are proportioned to the force required; the lines
respectively marked C represent twelve vertical boards; which are fixed
at equal distances round the cylinder, and extend within about twelve
inches of the circumferences of the top and bottom thereof. The number of
these boards may be either increased or decreased at pleasure. D represents a
wing which is opened and acted upon by the wind. E, F, F, F, and F are wings
which are closed by the wind; G, G, G, and G are wings on the side oppo-
site to the wind. All the aforesaid wings may be made of thin boards or
framework, and such framework may be covered with canvass. These wings
are equal in number to the vertical boards, and are exactly fitted between the
top and bottom of the engine and round the cylinder. They are suspended on
hinges or gudgeons, and being opened by the wind strike with force against
the vertical boards, by which they are allowed to open only so far as that D,
the open wing, may form nearly a right angle with E, the closed ring imme-
diately succoeding, and by those means a perpendicular surface is always pre-
sented to the wind. The wings which are closed are provented from shutting
farther than to form nearly right angles with lines drawn from the centre to
the points of suspension, which are respectively marked O. The motion of
this engine may be stopped and the wings prevented from opening, by cords
fastened to three adjoining wings which are connected by one rope, as repro-
sented by the Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4. There are four ropes to the twelve rings,
which ropes pass over pullies, and are conducted along the axis, so that they
may be managed in the inside of the mill.
Figure 3 A represents another engine constructed on the same principles
as before mentioned, and has its wings marked 1, 2, 3, and 4, which are
nearly balanced by the weights marked F, F, and F, and are suspended upon
the hinges respectively marked G to four vertical bars, three of which aro
respectively marked B, the other does not appear. The wings are closed in
towards the arms by the wind, and receive its direct force. But in order that
they may be easily opened they are prevented from closing too far by other
bars fixed to each arm, and one of which bars is marked C, C. M and M
are ropes, which are fastened from those bars to the wings; and such

page_text: wings are prevented from opening too wide least the current of back nir
may impedo the volocity. The wings may be made of thin boards or
framework covered with canvass, and may also he doubled to slide out.
The motions of this engine may be stopped by drawing the wings close
to the bars with ropes, which ropes, being fastened to the extremities of
the wings, pass over pullies on the bars, and aro conducted along the axis
into the inside of the mill, as expressed by the dotted lino. Figure 4 is a
section of the engine, as described in Figure 3 A.. Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8 are
the horizontal arms. The characters or marks correspond in each of the said
Figures 4 and 8 A, as follows (that is to say)-1, shews the wing acted upon
by the wind, and presenting the entire surface; 2, shows the remote wing;
3, the near wing; and 4, the wing moving in opposition to the wind; and which
three last wings give very little resistance. C, C, C, and C are tho bars to
prevcut the wings from closing. M is the rope to hinder them from opening.
too far.
Figure 3B is a repetition of the upper engine marked A, in Figure 1, with
the double wings marked N, N, N, and N extended, which wings may be con-
tracted or extended by ropes fastened to them, and conducted over pullics into
the mill. The length of all the aforesaid armis or levers, and the dimensions
of the wings of all the aforesaid engines, may be enlarged or diminished in
proportion to the force required.
The aforesaid Plans or Drawings are by a scale of an inch to three feet.
Each of the aforesaid engines may be used and considered as a separate and
distinct windmill, and a number of such windmills or engines may be brought
to act on one and the same object. They may, therefore, bo mado propor-
tionably small, by which means they will be easily managed, and the force may
be increased or decreased at pleasure. The motions of any of the aforesaid
engines may be stopped or retarded by a girth of pliable wood, fastened to a
lover, and pressed horizontally against a wheel, which may be fixed upon the
axis. The house or building on which the aforesaid windmills or engines are
to be erected, and the inside machinery of such house or building, are no part
my Invention, as they may be made or constructed at pleasure, and there-
fore the same are not represented or described. From the aforesaid several
Plans or Drawings, and explanations or descriptions, it is to be observed, that
upon the aforesaid principles wings or sails may be balanced and suspended by
various other ways and methods upon hinges or other things, or in any other
manner, so that horizontal motions may be occasioned by exposing the intire
surfacos of the wings to the force of the wind on one side, and by diminishing
the resistance of the wings to the wind on the other side. And therefore I,
of

page_text: the
DAN (L.s.) MAUNSELL.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Fourth day of January, in
year above written, the aforesaid Daniel Maunsell came before our Lord
the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid,
and all and every thing therein contained, in form above written. And also
the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute in
that case made and provided.
Inrolled the Fourth day of January, in the year above written.