IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BROOCHES, BUTTONS, SOLITAIRES, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF JEWELLERY OR ORNAMENT
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Laurentius Andreas Waldemar Lund and Edmund
Axmann, both of No. 60, Chandos Street, Strand, in the County of
Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF BROOCHES, BUTTONS, SOLITAIRES, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF JEWELLERY OR
ORNAMENT."
Sealed the 18th June 1869, and dated the 21st December. 1868..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Laurentius Andreas
Waldemar Lund and Edmund Axmann at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 21st December.
1868.
We, LAURENTIUS ANDREAS WALDEMAR LUND and EDMUND AXMANN,.
both of No. 60, Chandos Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BROOCHES, BUTTONS, SOLITAIRES, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF.
JEWELLERY OR ORNAMENT," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of various articles of
jewellery or ornament such as brooches, buttons, solitaires, bracelets,
napkin rings, lockets, earrings, scarf pins, and such other ornamental

page_text: articles and fastenings as are made of thin sheet gold or other precious
metal, either plain or stamped, embossed, engraved, or otherwise orna-
mented, and either with or without the addition of enamel or precious
or other stones or pebbles.
According to our Invention we propose to manufacture such articles
in the following manner:-We first form the exterior surface of the
article of gold, silver, aluminium, or other precious metal by stamping,
pressing, "spinning," or in any other ordinary manner, leaving the edge
turned up a suitable distance, and where the articles are either circular
or oval rollers may also be used, cut, or shaped to the exterior surface
of the article. We then deposit the article in a die which fits the
exterior surface, and we press into the interior thereof horn, ivory,
tortoiseshell, vulcanite, gutta percha, wood, or other suitable material
or compound in a warm or plastic state, so as to fill up the interior quite
solid, leaving sufficient space when required for a covering or back plate
of gold or other metal or alloy, or of ivory, mother-of-pearl, or other
suitable material. We then insert the covering or back plate, and bend
or press over it the rim or edge of the exterior surface by pressing
burnishing, "spinning," or in any other known manner, so as to com-
bine the whole and form as it were one solid piece, thus producing a
stronger and cheaper article than those hitherto made.
Or we may
attach pins, screws, hooks, clasps, or other fastenings, either by soldering
or otherwise, and either to the front or back covering plate or to both
and then press them together while the filling material is in a warm or
plastic state, thus forming one solid piece of the whole. The clasps,
hasps, pins, hooks, shanks, or other means of fastening will be attached
in most cases to the back plate, and in some instances. their ends will
be carried through the same and embedded in the filling material.
Instead of using such filling materials or compounds as above named,
which are plastic when warm and harden in cooling, we also, propose
in some instances to use papier maché, leather, or other similar materials
or compounds, which are plastic in a damp state and harden on drying.
In employing such filling materials as will shrink in cooling or drying,
instead of pressing them into the back of the article as above described,
we propose to form them in the die itself, which will correspond with
the face of the article, and when hardened and shrunk they will fit
correctly into the back thereof.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Laurentius Andreas Waldemar Lund and Edmund
Axmann in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st June 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, LAURENTIUS
ANDREAS WALDEMAR LUND and EDMUND AXMANN, both of No. 60,
Chandos Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto us, the said Laurentius Andreas
Waldemar Lund and Edmund Axmann, Her special licence that we,
the said Laurentius Andreas Waldemar Lund and Edmund' Axmann, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
Laurentius Andreas Waldemar Lund and Edmund- Axmann, our
exccutors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BROOCHES, BUTTONS, SOLITAIRES, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF
JEWELLERY OR ORNAMENT," upon the condition (amongst others) that we,
the said Laurentius Andreas Waldemar Lund and Edmund Axmann,
our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
our, or one of our or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Laurentius Andreas Waldemar
Lund and Edmund Axmann, do hereby declare the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment in writing, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of various articles of
jewellery or ornament, such as brooches, buttons, solitaires, bracelets,
napkin rings, lockets, earrings, scarf pins, and such other ornamental

page_text: articles and fastenings as are made of thin sheet gold or other precious
metal, either plain or stamped, embossed, engraved, or otherwise orna-
mented, and either with or without the addition of enamel or precious
or other stones or pebbles.
According to our Invention we propose to manufacture such articles
in the following manner:-We first form the exterior surface of the
article of gold, silver, aluminium, or other precious metal by stamping,
pressing, "
spinning," or in any other ordinary manner, leaving the edge
turned up a suitable distance, and where the articles are either circular
or oval rollers may also be used, cut, or shaped to the exterior surface
of the article. We then deposit the article in a die which fits the
exterior surface and press into the interior thereof horn, ivory, tortoise
shell, vulcanite gutta percha, wood, or other suitable material or com-
pound in a warm or plastic state so as to fill up the interior quite solid,
leaving sufficient space when required for a covering or back plate of
gold or other metal or alloy, or of ivory, 'mother-of-pearl, or other suit-
able material. We then insert the covering or back plate, and bend or
press over it the rim or edge of the exterior surface by pressing, bur-
nishing, "spinning," or in any other known manner, so as to combine
the whole and form as it were one solid piece, thus producing a stronger
and cheaper article than those hitherto made. Or we may attach pins,
screws, hooks, clasps, or other fastenings, either by soldering or other-
wise, and either to the front or back covering plate, or to both, and then
press them together while the filling material is in a warm or plastic
state, thus forming one solid piece of the whole. The hasps, pins, hooks,
shanks, or other means of fastening will be attached in most cases to
the back plate, and in some instances their ends will be carried through
the same and embedded in the filling material.
Instead of using such filling materials or compounds as above named,
which are plastic when warm and harden in cooling, we also propose in
some instances to use papier maché, leather, or other similar materials
or compounds, which are plastic in a damp state and harden on drying.
In employing such filling materials as will shrink in cooling or drying
instead of pressing them into the back of the article as above described,
we propose to form them in the die itself, which will correspond with
the face of the article, and when hardened and shrunk they will fit
correctly into the back thereof.
Having now described the nature and object of our said Invention for

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of Brooches, Buttons, Solitaires,
and other Articles of Jewellery or Ornament," together with the manner
in which the same is to be or may be performed or carried into practical
effect, we would remark in conclusion, that we claim as our Invention the
improved method, substantially as herein-before described, of manu-
facturing articles of jewellery or ornament by pressing either of the
above mentioned filling materials into the form of the exterior or exposed
surface of the article manufactured, thereby backing up and rendering
the article perfectly solid and considerably lessening the cost of its
production.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edmund Axmann, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
EDMUND AXMANN. (L.S.)