AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE VENTILATION OF WATERPROOF BAIN-CLOAKS AND CLOTHES OF EVERY KIND.
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Adolf Sachs of Berlin, Prussia German Empire for
an Invention of AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE VENTILATION OF WATERPROOF
BAIN-CLOAKS AND CLOTHES OF EVERY KIND.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Adolf Sachs at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th July 1882.
' ADOLF SACHS, of Berlin, Prussia, German Empire. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE
VENTILATION OF WATERPROOF RAIN-CLOAKS AND CLOTHES OF EVERY KIND."
My Invention relates to improvements in the ventilation of waterproof rain-
cloaks, also applicable to clothes, garments, regimentals, and hats of any kind and
material. In the first place my said Invention is intended to do away with the
well known and most serious inconvenience hitherto connected with rain-cloaks
and other garments of waterproof material, such as rubber or fabrios impregnated
with resinous or other water-resisting substance, said inconveniences consisting in
the imperviousness or non-admittance of air through the material or fabric of the
coat or garment. Owing to the air-tight envelopment of the body, all the warmth
developed is retained within the cloak, and in consequence perspiration is excited
in a degree which very soon becomes almost insupportable. If then the cloak is
opened or cast off, the hot and moistened skin becomes suddenly cooled and a
severe cold and its dangerous sequels are but too frequently the result of wearing
such waterproof garments.
By aid of my new Invention, any cloak or garment of waterproof or other tight
or impervious material may be worn as conveniently and wholesomely, as any
usual garment of woven fabric through which the air may penetrate.
This effect I attain by the use of ventilators, which establish a communication
between the inside and outside of the cloak or article of clothing, and permit of a
change of air, so that the cooler outside air may readily enter and expel the
inside air which has been heated by the temperature of the body.
Such ventilators are preferably established in connection with the buttons,
which in this case penetrate the material of the cloak or garment with a hollow
Pavine 71

page_text: stem, the head-plate being outside, and a foot plate inside the cloth or material.
And in connection with said perforated button, which forms a channel or channels
for the admittance of air, I prefer to employ a hollow perforated disc or ball or
casing of any convenient shape, and which may be flat, or spherical, or oval, and
preferably of soft elastic material such as rubber, but which may also consist of
any suitable solid material.
.
This hollow disc or casing serves to prevent the inside opening of the perforated
stem of the button being closed by the under garments which would bear against
said opening and besides it helps to promote the exchange of air or ventilation by
forming a chamber inside, in communication with the outside air. The said disc
or casing may be so sewed into the lining of the cloak or garment, that it is in no
way inconvenient or conspicuous in wear and appearance. Such buttons with
perforated stem and hollow disc or casing are attached to the rain-cloak, or other
garment, in as many places as may be convenient, for instance, in two, three, or
four rows down in front, on the pockets at each side and on the flaps on the back;
where the collar is fastened and wherever they may conveniently be placed. The
buttons are preferably made in two pieces, the foot-plate, to which the hollow disc
or casing is attached, being placed inside the garment, and the top or head of the
button being fastened upon the hollow stem, which projects through the fabric of
the cloak or garment. Of course, the top-plate or head of the button to which the
button holes of the garment are buttoned must be perforated too to admit
sufficient air into the hollow stem and to the inside hollow disc or casing. The
top plate may be centrally provided with a hole leading directly into the stem, or
it may be provided with side holes, or with holes on the lower surface of the
hollow top-plate, such holes always leading to the hollow or channeled stem.
The hollow discs or casings inside the garment may be in communication with
each other by hollow strips or pipes of rubber or other suitable material, perforated
at convenient places to establish a perfect net of aerating flues all round the
body.
And in case the hollow discs, balls, or casings are made of elastic material, such
as rubber, the air will be forced into the flues or channels by any pressure acting
upon the said discs or balls from within or from without, each compression of the
hollow elastic casing acting pneumatically to perform the desired exchange of air.
It is not necessary that the pneumatic ventilation, as set forth, be performed
through the buttons, or through channels or pipes, which at the same time are
used as buttons, this is the preferable or most convenient way of establishing the
ventilators, but they may also be arranged in any other convenient manner, for
instance, through little pipes leading through the fabric of the garment at any
convenient places, and having hollow discs, or balls, or casings for pneumatic use at
one or both ends.
And I also intend to provide my said ventilating devices with means to stop the
ventilation at any convenient period, so that the admission and the exchange of
air may be adjusted at any time. For instance, if the wind blows from one side,
I may
shut the ventilators at that side, and leave the others open, or shut them
all, thus regulating the temperature as convenient. This may be performed by
providing the buttons or hollow stems projecting through the cloth or fabric, with
suitable valves or covers or stoppers which may be opened or shut at convenience,
thus interrupting the exchange of air from the inside of the cloak to the free air.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Adolf Sachs in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 2nd January
1883.
ADOLF SACHS of Berlin, Prussia, German Empire. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE
VENTILATION OF WATERPROOF RAIN-CLOAKS AND CLOTHES OF EVERY KIND."
My Invention relates to improvements in the ventilation of waterproof rain-
cloaks, also applicable to clothes, garments, regimentals and hats, or shoes and boots
of any kind and material. In the first place my said Invention is intended to do
away with the well known and most serious inconvenience, hitherto connected with
rain-cloaks and other garments of waterproof material, such as rubber or fabrics
impregnated with resinous or other water-resisting substance, said inconveniences
consisting in the imperviousness or non-admittance of air through the material or
fabric of the coat or garment. Owing to the air-tight envelopment of the body,
all the warmth developed is retained within the cloak and, in consequence
perspiration is excited in a degree which, very soon, becomes almost insupportable.
If, then, the cloak is opened or cast off, the hot and moistened skin becomes suddenly
cooled and a severe cold and its dangerous sequels are but too frequently the result.
of wearing such waterproof garments.
By aid of my new invention any cloak or garment of waterproof or other tight
or impervious material may be worn as conveniently and wholesomely, as any usual
garment of woven fabric, through which the air may penetrate.
This effect I obtain by the use of ventilators, which establish a communication
between the inside and outside of the cloak or article of clothing, and permit of a
change of air, so that the cooler outside air may readily enter and expel the inside
air, which has been heated by the temperature of the body.
Such ventilators are preferably established in connection with the buttons, which,
in this case, penetrate the material of the cloak or garment with a hollow stem, the
head-plate being outside and a foot-plate inside the cloth or material.
In the accompanying Drawings, Figs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 show a variety of forms
of such ventilators, Figs 1, 3, 5, 7 being side-elevations, Figs 2, 4, 6, 8 vertical
sections, Fig 9 is a plan to Fig 7. A is the mouthpiece of the ventilator, con-
veniently shaped to serve as a button to the clothing or cloak. In connection
with said perforated mouthpiece or button A, which forms a channel, or channels,
for the admittance of air, I prefer to employ a hollow, perforated disc, or ball, or
casing B, of any convenient shape, which may be flat, Figs 3, 4, or spherical,
Figs 5, 6, or oval, Figs 1, 2, and preferably made of soft, elastic material, such as
rubber, but which may also consist of any solid material. Figs 7, 8, 9 show a
similar ventilator with the hollow perforated casing B arranged in the concavity of
the outside part of the button A.
The hollow disc or casing B serves to prevent the inside opening of the perforated
stem of the button A being closed by the under, garments, which would bear against
the said opening, and, besides, it helps to promote the exchange of air or ventilation,
by forming a chamber inside, in communication with the outside air. . The said
disc or casing B may also be so sewn into the lining of the cloak or garment, that
it is in no way inconvenient or conspicuous in wear and appearance. Such buttons
with perforated stem and hollow disc or casing are attached to the raincloak, or
other garment, in as many places as may be convenient, for instance in two, three
or four rows in front, on the pockets at each side and on the flaps on the back;

page_text: where the collar is fastened and wherever they may conveniently be placed. The
buttons A are preferably made in two pieces, the foot-plate a, Fig 4, to which the
casing B is attached, being placed inside the garment C, and the top or head a¹ of
the button A projecting through the fabric of the cloak or garment. Of course,
the top-plate or head of the button, to which the button-holes of the garment are
buttoned, must be perforated, too, to admit sufficient air into the hollow stem and
to the inside hollow disc or casing B. The top-plate may be centrally provided
with a hole, leading directly through the stem, as shown in Figs 2, 4, 6, 8, or it
may be provided with side-holes, or with holes on the lower surface of the hollow
top plate, Figs 10, 11, such holes always leading to the hollow or channeled stem.
The hollow discs or casings B, inside the garment, may be in communication with
each other by hollow straps, Fig 12, or pipes, Fig 13, of rubber or other suitable
material, perforated at convenient places, to establish a perfect net of aërating flues
all round the body, for the purpose of ready ventilation. A cloak provided with
such a net of ventilating flues and casings is shown in Fig. 14.
In case the hollow discs, balls or casings are made of elastic material, such as
rubber, the air will be forced into the flues or channels by any pressure acting
upon the said discs or balls B from within or from without, each compression of
the casing B acting pneumatically to perform the desired exchange of air.
It is not necessary that the pneumatic ventilation, as set forth, be performed
through the buttons, or through channels or pipes, which, at the same time, are
used as buttons; this is the preferable or most convenient way of establishing the
ventilators, but they may also be. arranged in any other convenient manner, for
instance through little pipes or holes leading through the fabric of the garment at
any convenient places and having hollow discs, or balls, or casings for pneumatic
use at one or both ends.
The ventilators may also be formed as well directly into the material of the
cloak, as shown in Figs 15, 16. C is the outside fabric of the cloak or garment,
D, the lining made of the same or any stiff fabric. This lining is made to form
hollow casings B¹, which act exactly in the same manner, as the rubber-or elastic
casings B of the ventilators. Perforations are made into the outside fabric C as
well as into the lining D.
I also intend to provide my said ventilators with means to stop the ventilation
at any convenient.period, so that the admission and the exchange of air may be
adjusted at any time. For instance, if the wind blows from one side, I may shut
the ventilators on that side and leave the others open, or shut them all, thus
regulating the temperature as convenient. This may be performed by providing
the buttons A, or hollow stems of the same which project through the cloth or
fabric, or the holes which penetrate the outside fabric, with suitable valves, or
covers, or stoppers, which may be opened or shut at convenience, thus interrupting
the exchange of air from the inside of the cloak to the free air.
Having thus fully described my said Invention, I wish it to be understood that
I do not claim in general the ventilation of waterproof cloaks, garments, and other
articles, but what I claim is:
First: In combination with a rain cloak, hat, shoe, boot or other article of 4
clothing: a ventilator consisting of a hollow, perforated casing arranged inside the
cloak or clothing and a hollow stem, or pipes, or channels establishing a communi-
cation with the outside air, as and for the purpose set forth.
Second. The combination of a hollow, perforated casing B, a perforated stem or
button A, and the fabric C of the cloak or article of clothing, as and for the purpose 5
set forth.
Third. The combination of the hollow, perforated casings B with hollow
connecting straps or pipes, as and for the purpose set forth.
Fourth. In combination with a rain-cloak, hat or other article of clothing; a
ventilator formed by a casing B' between the outside fabric C and the lining D, as 5
and for the purpose set forth.

page_text: Fifth. The combination with a hollow disc or casing and channel leading to the
free air, of a valve; or cover, or stopper to interrupt the admission of air, as and for
the purpose set forth.
In witness whereof I, the said Adolf Sachs, have hereunto set my hand and
seal this Twenty-second day of December in the year of Our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty-two.
ADOLF SACHS,
(L.S.)