Mitering, Square Sawing, and the like.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd May, 1887
Specification Accepted, 21st June, 1887.
Mitering, Square Sawing, and the like.
I, WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON F.C.S. M.I.M.E. of the Agency for Foreign
Patent Solicitors, 6 Lord Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, and
323 High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
-
This invention relates to that class of machines known as "Universal Joiners" and
is designed for beveling, mitering, square sawing etcetera.
The invention consists in various novel features of construction, but more particularly
in a traveling saw and means for imparting motion thereto, whereby side strain is
avoided and an extremely smooth and clean cut secured; in a work table consisting
of two leaves or sections capable of simultaneous and of independent adjustment from
a horizontal plane to any desired angle; in means for varying the angle of inclination;
in mechanism for bodily raising and lowering the work table, and in guides for
holding the work and presenting it to the cutting tool.
In the annexed drawings.
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a machine.
Figure 2, a perspective view showing the mechanism for raising and lowering the
work table, and varying the inclination of its leaves or sections.
Figure 3, a longitudinal section, enlarged, of the cutter-supporting devices.
Figures 4, 5, 6 and 7, detail views, illustrating the construction of the work
supporting table.
A, Figure 1, indicates a strong frame, which may in practice be of wood or of
metal. B indicates a secondary frame mounted or formed upon the upper part of
frame A, and provided with V-grooved ways a, upon which slides a traveling saw
carriage C.. The carriage C is suitably braced and stiffened, and carries at its forward
D
077
.

page_text: end, a saw arbor of the construction best shown in Figure 3, in which D indicates a
central rod or bolt passing through the saw E and through two tubular sleeves F F,
the opposing end faces of which are enlarged to form clamping disks to bear upon and
hold the saw.
The ends of the sleeves F F, pass through boxes b in the sides of the sliding
carriage C, and constitute the journals of the arbor, the journals being elongated to
permit a longitudinal movement through the boxes for the purpose of accurately
adjusting the saw laterally.
This adjustment is effected by placing washers c, upon either or both the journals of
the sleeves FF, outside of carriage C, and then tightening the central bolt or rod D,
the head of which bears against the outer end of the sleeve, while the nut. D¹ bears
against the end of the other sleeve either directly or through the intervention of
washers d smaller than the journals of the sleeves FF. Thus it will be seen that by
applying a suitable washer or washers to one or the other of the journals and tightening
the central rod or bolt, the saw may be shifted toward the side to which the washer
is applied, a distance equal to the thickness of the washer, and held firmly against
any further lateral movement by the bolt.
Whenever it becomes desirable to remove the saw from its arbor, it is merely
necessary to remove the nut D³, and withdraw the bolt or rod D, whereby the saw is
made free to slip out from between the clamping disks.
For the purpose of giving motion to the saw and permitting it to travel back and
forth with carriage C, a jointed frame or connection G, is employed composed of two
parts or members e, f, one hung or pivoted upon a shaft H, journalled in frame B,
and carrying a triple pulley I, which receives motion from the engine or other
motor, the other similarly pivoted or mounted upon the elongated ends of the arbor
sleeves F, F, as plainly shown in Figure 1. The upper ends of the parts e, f, are
connected by a shaft J, on which is mounted a triple pulley K..
As shown in Figure 3, the sleeves F, F, of the arbor are each formed with a
pulley g, so that when the saw is in position there is a band pulley at either side
of the saw.
Two belts hh, transmit motion from any convenient source to the outer sections of
triple pulley I, while a belt i transmits the motion to the central section of the triple
pulley K K. Two belts j, j, extending around the outer sections of pulley K, to
and around the pulleys g, g, of the saw arbor.
By this arrangement of pulleys and belts, the sliding carriage is permitted to
move freely back and forth without in any manner affecting the action of the belts,-
and the saw is caused to run free and without any side strain upon it or its arbor,
such as might be occasioned were the saw driven by a single belt at one side only.
The arrangement set forth insures a perfect equalization of strains at both ends of all
the shafts and pulleys.
The travel of sliding carriage C, is such as to carry the saw blade E back and forth
across a work supporting bed or table L L' upon which the work is held stationary
while the saw operates upon it, the saw being drawn forward by means of a bail or
hand piece on part f, of jointed frame G, and returned by springs M, M, or
equivalent means, as indicated in Figure 1.
It will of course be readily understood that ropes or bands may be attached to
part of frame G, carried backward over pulleys and provided with weights, which
will draw the saw and its carrying frame back in essentially the same manner as the
springs shown.
If deemed desirable, antifriction rollers may be employed beneath sliding carriage C,
though ordinarily they are not deemed necessary, but the V-guides are perhaps less
liable to permit lateral play of the carriage in its travel.
As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the work table or bed consists of two sections or
leaves L, L, placed end to end and separated sufficiently to permit the saw blade to
pass through between them. Both the leaves or sections L, L', are hinged to the
forked upper end of a vertical post or standard N, which passes vertically through

page_text: brackets 1, 1, of the main frame A and is clamped or fastened at any desired elevation
by a binding screw m, or an eccentric provided with a suitable lever or hand piece.
By loosening the clamping device the post N or standard is made free to rise and
fall, and thus the table may be raised and lowered to present the work to the saw
as desired, the face of the table being raised above the lower edge of the saw if it be
desired to cut entirely through the wool,-
,-or lowered if less than a through cut is
desired, as in mortising, gaining, grooving, dovetailing etcetera.
For the purpose of conveniently raising and lowering, and accurately adjusting the
standard and table, a screw stem may be employed in some cases passing through a
correspondingly threaded lug on the standard, journalled in suitable supports in the
main frame, and rotated by mitre-gear or equivalent means; or a pinion meshing
with a rack formed upon or secured to the standard may be used.
In practice however, it is preferable to employ an endless chain O, passing over a
sprocket wheel P, and about a pulley P1, and attached to the standard, either directly
or through suitable intermediate connection.
P, Figure 2, indicates a worm wheel which is mounted upon the same shaft that
carries sprocket wheel P, the two wheels being preferably cast integral. If desired
the journals may likewise be cast integral with the wheels P, P³, instead of employing
a separate shaft.
Rotary motion is imparted to the worm wheel when desired, by means of a worm
or screw Q, journaled in the upper bracket I, or other convenient support, and
furnished with a winch or handle Q by which to turn it. As the screw is turned in
one or the other direction, the wheels P, P³, are rotated to right or left and the chain
caused to elevate or lower the standard and table, and when the desired adjustinent
is reached the standard is locked by the set screw m as mentioned.
To vary the inclination of the leaves or sections of the work table brace rods R R,
are employed which are joined at one end to the under-side of the table, or to a block
or bracket S at said point, and at the other end to a block T, which slides vertically
upon the post or standard.
When the block T is employed, as the inventor prefers it should be, the chain is
attached thereto, so that if the chain be raised or lowered, it shall carry with it the
block, and if the block be at any time made fast to the post or standard, shall also
carry said post or standard up or down, the clamping screw n, being first caused to
release the same.
To lock the bolt T upon the post or standard at any desired height, to retain the
leaves or sections of the table at the proper elevation, said block is provided with a set
screw or clamp n, as shown in Figure 1.
Under the construction and arrangement of parts thus set forth it is only necessary
to tighten the clamping screw m, release the clamping screw n, and turn worm or
screw Q, in order to raise or lower the block T, and thereby to vary the inclination of
the leaves or sections L, L'of the table, which rise and fall simultaneously and equally;
or if it be desired to raise or lower the table bodily without varying the inclination of
the leaves, the set screw n is tightened, set screw m loosened, and the worm turned as
before, whereupon the block T, standard and table move with the chair. When at the
desired elevation the post is clamped and the table made fast.
A tightener pulley p is carried by a swinging arm or lever U, and serves to
tighten the chain O more or less as required, the tension being regulated by a
screw P', which is passed through arm V and bears against a lug P³, on an upright
of frame A, and serves to hold the arm and its pulley more or less over toward the
chain as shown in Figure 1.
The face of post or standard N is graduated, and the graduations are numbered as
shown in Figures 1 and 2, so that by noting the mark at the upper face of block T,
the angle of inclination of the leaves L L' of the work table may be definitely
ascertained, and the adjustment to a given degree of inclination greatly facilitated.
It is desirable to make the connection of rods R to the leaves or sections of the
table as close to the pivot or hinge of the latter as practicable, in order that the

page_text: leaves may be raised and lowered quickly and with slight rotation of the worm or
screw Q, but for heavy work a support further from the pivot or hinge is required.
To provide shifting the support outward when necessary the blocks S are mounted
each upon a heavy screw V, journaled in bearings or hangers on the under side
of the leaf or section of the table as shown in Figures 1 and 2. The outer end
of each screw is squared to receive a wrench or key by which to turn it, and when
the screw is turned the block S, which is threaded to fit the screw, will be caused
to move along the same from one end toward the other, the direction depending upon
that in which the screw is turned.
This construction also enables the operator. to adjust the two leaves independently
to different angles of inclination, thus enabling him to present two pieces of material
simultaneously to the saw at different angles.
Each block S, carries a pointer W, which travels over a series of numbered gradua-
tions, on the edge or face of the leaf to which the block is applied, and serves to indi-
cate by the numbers or marks of the graduations, the precise position of the block, so
that the relative positions of the two blocks and the relative inclination of the two
leaves or sections of the table may at all times be ascertained.
X X indicate work supporting guides, each consisting of a bar p, of wood or other
suitable material, having at one end a pin or study, which enters a socket in the
upper face of the leaves L at the end nearest the cutting stool: The bars p extend
lengthwise of the leaves L, L', and are adapted to swing upon the pin q, as a pivot,
• across the face of the leaves.
.
The leaves L, L', are each formed with a curved, undercut slot on their upper face,
each slot being concentric with the pivot q, on the leaf in which the slot is made. The
edges of the slots are protected by plates s, which are provided with a series of
graduations, the division lines of which are radial to the pivot q as shown in
Figure 1.
The slots are undercut or beveled for the reception of a headed bolt or stem t,
which passes upward through a bearing or socket u secured to the rear face of the bar p,
and is threaded to receive a hand nut v.
When the bar p is moved over the face of a leaf of the table, and the desired angle
is attained, the hand nut v is screwed down upon the bolt t, and, as the lower end of
the nut v bears upon the upper face of the block u, the turning of the nut will bind
the arm p firmly to the leaf, and the guide will thereby be secured at any desired
angle.
Journaled at one end in the head of pivot q, or in a separate bracket, and at the
other end in a bracket w, secured upon the bar p, is a cylindrical rod x which is free
to oscillate or turn in its brackets. At one end the rod is provided with a collar y,
and at the other end it is reduced in diameter to enter the bracket 10, in order to prevent
end play.
Upon the rod a, is a stop Z, which is provided with a cylindrical hub z¹ to encircle
the rod, and with a laterally extending arm 3, which rests upon the table and supports
the rear end of the material being operated upon,-the stop Z being adjustable length-
wise upon the rod and secured in position by means of an eccentric, as shown in
Figure 1; or in any other suitable manner.
Now according as long or short pieces are being cut, the stop Z inay be moved
lengthwise upon the rod to accommodate itself to the varying lengths, and is thus
adapted to support the work whether it be long or short.
When for any reason it is not desirable to use the stop, it may be swung back
upon or with the rod a, out of the way as shown in Figure 6.
The bracket w, for the rod x, is threaded for a short distance to receive a section of
rod ¹, when it is found that rod is not of sufficient length to allow the stop z to be
moved far enough to properly support the work. When the additional section ¹ is
used, the stop z upon the rod x is either thrown back out of the way or else is removed
from the rod and placed upon the extension x¹.
The machine as constructed is peculiarly adapted for cutting gilded mouldings,

page_text: because as the saw is not "set" and acts from the upper face downward through the
material, no ragged or rough edge is left on the upper face of the material.
The table may be adjusted so that the saw may cut entirely through the material, or
only partially through. By the use of the adjustable leaves and the guides X X
thereon, the operator can mitre with the utmost accuracy, and secure a range of
adjustment not heretofore secured so far as my correspondent is aware.
The machine is specially. adapted for cutting a compound bevel, which is accom-
plished by varying the inclination of the leaves and adjusting the guides carried
thereby.
Two pieces of material may be cut at different angles, at the same time by varying
the inclination of the two leaves.
Upon the bed A opposite the pivotal ends of the bars p, are stops or blocks u²,
which are slotted longitudinally and secured to the bed A, by means of thumb screws a³
as shown in Figures 1 and 4.
These blocks or stops a² are used when only one side or leaf of the table is being
used, and they are made adjustable so as to have the same general direction as the
bars p.
They are adapted to support the inner ends of the material lying against the bars p,
in order to prevent vibration or wabbling of the same. Or they may be so adjusted
as to form stops, against which the end of the material may abut.
In using the term, "cutter" it is not intended to be understood as meaning only a
saw, as it is obvious that other devices may equally well be used in the machine, such
for instance as slotters, moulders, sand-papering disks etcetera.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed as communicated to me by my foreign
correspondent I declare that what I claim is :-
1. In combination with bed B, sliding frame C and pivoted A-shaped frame G
constructed substantially as shown and described, bolt D, collars FF mounted thereon
and provided with elongated journals, boxes 6 mounted on frame C supporting the
journals, cutter E mounted upon the bolt D between the collars F F, and a nut D'upon
the end of bolt D substantially as shown and described.
2. In combination with frames C provided with boxes b, pivoted frame G, a bolt D,
collars F F mounted thereon and provided with elongated journals, a cutter E mounted
upon the bolt D between the collars FF, a nut D¹ upon the end of bolt D, washers c d
mounted respectively upon the journals and the bolts outside the boxes b, as and for
the purposes described.
3. In combination with post or standard N and leaves hinged thereto, a lifting
device connected with the standard, and independently adjustable braces connecting
the standard and leaves, whereby the table may be bodily raised and lowered, and its
leaves adjusted independently relatively to the standard.
4. In a machine of the class described and shown, the combination of a post or
standard N, a table consisting of leaves L L' hinged to said standard, a block movable
upon the latter, connecting bars extending from the block to the leaves of the table,
a bolt or locking device serving to make the block fast to the standard or release it
therefrom, and a lifting or elevating mechanism connected with the block and serving
to raise or lower the table bodily or to raise and lower the leaves relatively to the
standard as the block is secured to or released from the standard.
5. In combination with post N, leaves L L', pivoted thereto, block T mounted upon
the post and adapted to be secured thereto, rods R R, pivotally connecting the leaves
and the sliding block, and mechanisin substantially such as shown connected with the
sliding block T, for raising and lowering the same.
6. In combination with frame A, upright post N mounted thereon, leaves L L'
hinged to said post at its upper end, a block T mounted upon the post, rods R R
pivotally connecting the leaves L L' and block T, a fastening n for locking the block
to the post N, a fastening m for locking the post to the frame A, and an operating
mechanism connected to the block T, whereby the entire table may be raised and

page_text: lowered bodily without changing the inclination of the leaves, or the latter may be
raised and lowered while the post remains stationary, to vary their inclination.
7. In combination with post N, pivoted leaves L L', a block T mounted loosely
upon the post, a fastening n for securing the block to the post, blocks S upon the
underside of the leaves, rods R connecting the blocks S and T, mechanism for
adjusting the blocks S, and mechanism substantially such as shown for raising and
lowering the block T.
8. In combination with post N, leaves L L', pivoted thereto, block T mounted upon
post N, and adapted to be connected with or disconnected from the post, blocks S upon
the under face of leaves L L¹, rods R connected at one end to the block T and at the
other end to the blocks S, screws V connected with the blocks S for adjusting the
latter, pointers W connected to the blocks S and adapted to move over a scale
upon the leaves, and mechanism substantially as shown for raising and lowering the
block T.
9. In combination with frame A and the vertically adjustable table L L', pulleys
P P¹ mounted upon the frame A, a chain or band O passing about the pulleys P P¹ and
connected with the table, a worm wheel P2 mounted upon the frame and connected
with wheel P or its shaft, and a worm a mounted upon frame A and engaging with
wheel P, substantially as shown.
.
10. In combination with frame A and the vertically adjustable table L L³,
pulleys P P mounted upon the frame A, a chain or. band O passing about the
pulleys P P and connected with the table, a worm wheel P* mounted upon the frame
and connected with wheel P or its shaft, a worm Q mounted upon frame A and
engaging with the wheel P³, and a belt tightener pivoted to the frame A, substantially
as shown.
11. In combination with frame A provided with supports, post N mounted
therein, a fastening m for locking the post to the frame, a block T mounted upon
post N, and provided with fastening n, leaves L L' pivoted to post N, and provided
with adjustable blocks S, pointers W, and a scale along the edge; rods R connecting
the blocks S S and T, a chain O connected to block T and passing about sprocket
wheel P and pulley P, a worm wheel P' connected to sprocket wheel P, and a worm Q
meshing with wheel P³, as and for the purpose described.
12. In combination with upright post N and the leaves L L' pivoted thereto, the
blocks S adjustable on the under face of the leaves, a block T mounted upon the post
and arranged to be connected therewith or disconnected therefrom at will, rods R con-
necting the block T with the blocks S, pointers W secured to the blocks S and arranged
to move over a scale upon the edge of the leaves whereby the relative inclination of the
leaves may be accurately read or determined.
13. In a machine of the class described, the combination with a bed or frame A, of
an upright post N, mounted thereon and adjustable vertically in relation thereto, a
series of graduations upon the face of said post, a block T also mounted upon the
post and adapted to be secured thereto, a device for locking the post to the bed or
frame, leaves L L' pivoted at their inner ends to the top of post N, and rods R
connecting the leaves and the block, all substantially as shown and described.
14. In combination with a travelling cutter, a table composed of the pivoted
leaves L L adjustable vertically to and from the cutter and relatively to each other.
15. In a machine of the class described, the combination with a frame A, of the
adjustable leaves L L and the bars p pivoted thereto and adapted to swing across the
face thereof, substantially as shown.
16. In combination with bed or frame A, post N mounted upon and adjustable
vertically in relation thereto and leaves L L pivoted or hinged to the upper end of
said post; the leaves being adjustable independently of each other and adjustable
together with or independently of the post N, substantially as described and shown.
17. In combination with the pivoted leaves L L', the bars p pivoted thereto, rods
journaled upon the bars p and adapted to be rocked thereupon, and stops Z adjustable
length-wise upon the rod substantially as shown and described.
18. In combination with bed or frame A, and the adjustable leaves L L' bars p

page_text: pivoted to and adapted to swing across the face of the latter, and adjustable stops a³
secured to the bed or frame A to act in connection with the bars p to support the
material being operated upon.
19. In combination with leaves L L', bars p pivoted thereto, rods x journailed on
the bar p, brackets w for supporting one end of the rods and threaded to receive an
extension piece a¹.
20. In combination with bed A, the leaves L L adjustable in relation thereto, and
provided with curved slots in their upper faces, baving graduations along their edges;
bars p pivoted at one end to the leaves, rods journaled on the bars P and provided
with adjustable stops Z, headed bolt or stem t working in the slot and threaded at one
end, and a hand nut e screwing upon the stem t and bearing upon the arm p.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.