Improvements in Wheeled Earth-scrapers.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Feb., 1895-Accepted, 13th July, 1325
MIDDLE DI BOITICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by FREDERICK C. AUSTIN, of Chicago, Illinois,
United States of America, Jobbing Manufacturer.]
Improvements in Wheeled Earth-scrapers.
I, DAVID YOUNG, Patent Agent, of the Firm of D. Young & Co.,
11 & 12 Sonthampton Buildings, London, W.C. do hereby declare the nature of
this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The invention relates to wheeled dumping scrapers for the removal of earth,
mud, débris, and the like from the surface of roads, fields and the like, or for use in
excavating or for similar purposes, and more particularly to that kind or class of
such apparatus in which the scoop is suspended from a cranked-axle, and the draft
attachment and raising and lowering lever or levers are pivoted to the scoop.
The more prominent objects of the invention are, to lessen the labor of raising
the loaded scoop; and to provide means for effectively breaking the scoop from
the ground after the scoop has become suitably loaded.
In a wheeled dumping scraper characterized by the invention, the scoop is
suspended from a crank upon the axle. The scoop is pivotally attached to the
draft-attachment, and the raising and lowering lever is pivoted to the scoop. This
raising and lowering lever is pivoted to the scoop. This raising and lowering
lever is connected with the crank at a point between the spindle and the point
from which the scoop is suspended. As a result, the crank and scoop will be
lowered when the lever is swung upwardly and forwardly, while on the other hand,
the crank and scoop will rise when the lever is swung rearwardly and downwardly.
During such operation, the draft of the team in motion will also assist in raising
the loaded scoop.
As a matter of further improvement, a cam is provided for tilting up the forward
end of the scoop preliminary to lifting the loaded scoop bodily from the ground,
such cam being actuated by operating the raising and lowering lever. Said cam
device not only serves to hold the scoop down to its work, so long as necessary, but
also serves as a means for tilting up the forward end of the scoop when it is desired
to break ground and lift the loaded scoop to its carrying position.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figure 1 is a top plan view of a wheeled scraper embodying my invention.
Figure 2 shows the same in side elevation with the scoop lowered into position
for forcing it into the ground, one of the wheels being removed.
Figure 3 is a like view with the forward end of the scoop tilted up.
Figure 4 represents the scoop raised to a carrying position.
The axle is provided with vibratory cranks A, and the scoop B is suspended by
haugers C which are hung upon the cranks and attached to the sides of the scoop.
The wheels D are arranged upon the end portions a of the axle and the cranks or
crank-arms A are preferably connected together by a cross-rod a' so as to form a
double crank. This double-crank is desirably rigid with the spindles or end
bearing portions a of the axle, as is usual in machines of the type to which the
invention relates, so as to provide as a simple arrangement a double-crank axle
rigid throughout, it being understood however, that in such machines, the result,
that is to say the raising and lowering of the scoop, could be attained by the less
desirable arrangement of a straight axle having the cranks pivotally supported
thereon. In either case however, the axle may be properly termed a cranked-axle.

page_text: A raising and lowering lever E is pivoted at e upon each side of the scoop.
These levers are preferably connected together by a cross-bar so as to form a bail.
The draft attachment F is pivoted to opposite sides of the scoop as at f, it being
preferable to form said draft attachment with arms to which the pole G can be
attached. In this connection it will be noted that the levers E are pivoted to the
scoop at points lower than the points at which the draft-bars or arms are
pivoted. The raising and lowering levers E are connected with the axle-cranks A
by links H. These links are pivoted to said cranks at points between the axle
ends a and the points whereat the hangers C are hung upon the cranks. Said links
are also pivoted to the levers E at points e¹. A single link H may be allotted to
each lever, but it is preferred to arrange such links in pairs, as shown in Fig. 1,
wherein the links of a pair are arranged respectively at opposite sides of the lever
and its companion crank or crank-arm A.
When the raising and lowering levers are swung up as in Fig. 2, the axle-cranks
will assume about the position shown that is to say they will swing rearwardly
and downwardly and thereby permit the scoop to drop. By then pushing the
raising and lowering levers still further forward, the operator can in fact raise the
wheels from the ground and heuce effectively force the scoop into the soil. It will
also be observed that in Fig. 2, the link H is uearly in line between its points of
pivotal connection with the crank and pivote by which lever E is attached to
the scoop, and that in practice by throwing lever E a little further forward said
link can be so brought into line as to practically form a toggle locking device.
After the scoop has become properly loaded, the attendant can swing levers E
rearwardly and downwardly so as to bring the scoop into the raised position shown
in Fig. 3.
The arrangement of leverage herein involved permits the economical utilization
of the power employed and also permits the raising of the loaded scoop with ease
and in this operation, the work can be largely accomplished by the draft. The
back-swing of the levers necessarily shortens the distance between the axle ends or
spindles a and the points at which the links H are pivoted to the raising and
lowering levers E, and it likewise shortens the distance between the axle spindles
and points e whereat the raising and lowering levers are pivoted to the scoop, the
result being that when the raising and lowering levers are swung back, the cranked
or high portion of the axle will be raised as in Fig. 3 and the scoop likewise raised
as indicated. By thus attaching the links H to the axle-cranks at points between
the axle spindles and the points whereat the hangers are suspended, great leverage
is secured, and the operator can with ease raise a heavily loaded scoop. and while
thus raising it, the weight will be taken from the necks of the horses. It will also
be seen that the links H can be pivoted comparatively near the points at which the
raising and lowering levers are attached to the scoop, thereby increasing the
leverage, and rendering it easier to raise the loaded scoop.
A peculiarity of the foregoing construction is observable by a comparison of
Fig. 4 with Fig. 2. In the latter, the scoop is down and the high or crank-portion
of the axle is swung back and likewise lowered. Yet a back-pull on the lever
will cause the cranks to rise to the position shown in Fig. 4. It will also be seen
that if the team is in motion, the draft of the team will largely assist in raising
the scoop and that in this respect, a great advantage is secured
At the initial portion of the back swing on the part of the raising and lowering
levers (when they are so operated for the purpose of raising the scoop), the
disposition on the part of the scoop to rise is opposed by the resistance of a
stratum of soil proportioned in thickness to the depth of penetration on the part
of the scoop. This opposition obviously tends to tilt the scoop forward which is
obviously objectionabie. In order therefore to overcome such opposition, ant
cause the scoop to effectively break ground and properly rise with its load, the
lower end portion of each lever is provided with a cam or eccentric e³, which is
arranged to move into position under the rear end portion 12 of the nearest
draft-bar when the scoop is lowered into working position, as in Fig. 3, it being

page_text: observed that such rear-end portion of the draft-bar or attachment extends back
of the point at which such bar or attachment is pivoted to the scoop. When the
cain or eccentric is thus in position under the draft-bar, as in Fig. 2, it holds
the scoop against back tilt, that is to say, it keeps the forward cutting edge of
the scoop down to its work. When however, the attendant swings the bail or
levers back from the position shown in Fig. 2, the cam or eccentric e will act
against the rear extension 2 of the draft attachment and in so doing will cause
the forward end of the scoop to tilt up and break ground, as illustrated in Fig. 3,
wherein said tilt of the scoop causes its rear end to bear upon the ground and its
forward end to rise, as a movement preliminary to the general bodily rise on the
part of the scoop.
In this way, the levers E operate, first to tilt up the forward end of the scoop,
as in Fig. 3, and then to bodily lift the scoop as in Fig. 4. In Fig. 2, it will be seen
that the position of the cam permits the rear end of the draft-bar to lie com-
paratively close to the pivotal point of connection e between lever E and the
scoop, and that by swinging said lever back as in Fig. 3, the high portion of the
cam forces said end of the draft bar away from the point e, and since the forward
end of the pole G will be upheld by the team the scoop will of necessity tilt up at
its forward end, with its rear end resting upon the ground.
The feature of the preliminary tilt of the scoop caused by a inovable cam in
effect pivotally or movably arranged upon the scoop with relation to the draft-bar,
substantially as set forth, and operated by a raising and lowering lever, may be
applied to wheeled scrapers having other arrangements for bodily raising and
lowering the scoop, although the same is particularly desirable in connection with
my present arrangement of raising and lowering devices.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me by
my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. In a wheeled scraper, the combination of the scoop suspended from a crank
upon the axle, the draft attachment and a raising and lowering lever pivoted to
the scoop, and a connection between said crank and lever substantially as set
forth.
2. In a wheeled scraper, the combination of the scoop, suspended from a double
crank-axle, the draft attachment and the bail pivoted to the scoop, and links
connecting the levers formed by the sides of the bail with arms formed by the
end portions of the double crank from which the scoop is suspended, substantially
as set forth.
3. In a wheeled scraper, the combination of the cranked axle, the scoop sus-
pended from the high portion of said axle, the draft attachment pivoted to the
scoop, the levers E pivoted to the scoop in rear of and at points lower down
than the points at which the scoop and draft attachment are pivotally connected,
and links H connecting said levers with crank-arms forming the ends of said
high portion of the said axle substantially as described.
4. The combination in a wheeled scraper in which the scoop is suspended and
raised and lowered from the axle by a crank-movement, of raising and lowering
levers pivotally connected with opposite sides of the scoop, crank-arins rigid upon
the axle, and connections between the crank-arms and the raising and lowering
levers, said crank-arms, raising and lowering levers, and connections being
relatively arranged to place the crank-arms in position to incline upwardly and
rearwardly from the axle when the scoop is in lowered condition and the raising
and lowering levers elevated, and to cause said crank-arms to rise and swing
forwardly from said position when the raising and lowering levers connected
therewith as aforesaid, are swung back for the purpose of raising the scoop,
substantially as described.
5. In a wheeled scraper, the combination of the cranked axle, the scoop sus
pended from the high portion of the cranked axle, the draft attachment pivoted

page_text: to opposite sides of the scoop, the levers E pivoted to opposite sides of the scoop
at points in rear of and lower than the pivotal connections between the scoop
and draft-attachment, and links H connecting said levers with the cranks of the
cranked portion of the axle at points between the axle spindles and the points
from which the scoop is suspended, substantially as described.
6. In a wheeled scraper, the scoop pivotally attached to a draft-attachment, a
raising and lowering lever pivoted to the scoop, and a cam actuated by said
lever and arranged for tilting up the forward end of the scoop preliminary to
the general bodily rise of the same, substantially as set forth.
7. In a wheeled scraper, the scoop pivotally attached to a draft-attachment, a
raising and a lowering lever pivoted to the scoop and having a cam arranged
for tilting up the forward end of the scoop, substantially as described.
a
8. In a wheeled scraper, the combination of the suspended scoop, a draft-bar
pivoted to the scoop and having an extension in rear of its pivotal connection
therewith, and a raising and lowering lever pivoted to the scoop and having
cam arranged to engage under said extension of the draft-bar when the scoop
is down and serving to tilt up the forward end of the scoop at the initial back
swing on the part of the raising and lowering lever, substantially as described.
Dated the 26th day of February 1895.
D. YOUNG & Co.,
11 & 12 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.
D. YOUNG & Co.,
11 & 12 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.