IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEPHONIC APPARATUS
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Graham of N° 49 Belmont Street Haverstock Hill
in the County of Middlesex, Electrician for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS
IN TELEPHONIC APPARATUS.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Graham at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th July 1883.
JOHN GRAHAM of N° 49. Belmont Street Haverstock Hill in the County of
Middlesex Electrician. IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEPHONIC APPARATUS.
These improvements have for their object the production of telephonic apparatus
which will obviate many difficulties attendant on electric telephony arising from
inductive influences and also to render long distance telephony practical and easy
For this purpose I employ a direct transmitter, a relay transmitter and a local
receiver.
'
In the case of the direct transmitter I use an instrument substantially the same
as that described in my Provisional Specification filed by me with my application
for Patent on the 29th day of May 1883 and numbered 2667.
Or a modification of that instrument such modification instead of the flat or
concave plate therein described has a flexible lever or spring to which flexible
lever or spring is affixed the piece of carbon or other suitable substance which
holds or retains in position the pencil or pencils or rods or pieces of carbon or
other equivalent pieces. This flexible lever or spring is screwed or otherwise
connected in a suitable manner to the case at one end and has a constant tendency
to press against the case at its other end with a pressure adjustable by screws
brought to bear upon the lever or otherwise. To this flexible lever or spring is
attached a pin or spindle which passes freely through the side or lid of the case
and is provided with a flat top or suitable part adapted to be acted upon by or
to receive sound waves produced in its vicinity.
In my improved transmitting instrument the parts are similarly constituted by
a lever a piece of carbon or other equivalent and a pencil or pencils of carbon or
their equivalents and a supporting bracket more or less as described in my said

page_text: former Provisional Specification but acted upon by a suitable electro-magnet with
a core or cores of iron or magnetised steel attracting an armature of iron or
magnetised steel attached to one end of a suitable lever whose other end is
attached to the flat or concave plate of the transmitter already described in my
Provisional Specification just referred to or this armature lever may when a
flexible lever or spring is substituted for the flat or concave plate be brought to.
act upon that flexible lever or spring in like manner.
Or instead of employing a lever with attached armature the electro-magnet may
when the flat or concave plate or flexible lever as already described is made of
magnetizable metal be arranged so as to act directly upon such flat or concave
plate or flexible lever or spring without intervening agency.
In another arrangement of my transmitting instrument with relay I employ a
centrally pivotted or swinging or vibrating lever or double arm or part carrying
at each end an armature of iron or magnetized steel-Each armature is acted upon
by a horse shoe electro magnet or other suitable electro magnet or one only of
these armatures may be provided with such an electro magnet for acting upon it
and the other armature on the pivoted arm will be influenced by one so provided.
Between either or both of those armatures to serve as a buffer is provided a
flexible spring or picce of india rubber or other suitable substance to regulate or
adequately counteract the too near approach of such armature or armatures
toward the core or cores of the electro magnet or electro-magnets
In some cases it is convenient to employ permanent magnets to act upon such
flat or concave plate or flexible lever or spring or pivoted or swinging or vibrating
lever or double arm to restrain or intensify or regulate the influence of the electro-
magnet or electro-magnets upon such flat- or concave plate or flexible lever or
vibrating double arm. These armatures are connected with carbon or other
suitable pieces supporting a pencil or pencils of carbon or equivalent pieces suitably
supported adjustably on brackets and electrically connected in manner already
referred to and described in my Provisional Specification filed with my application
for Patent of 29th May last
In order to provide relays in transmitting sounds or speech in telephony for
long distances I employ at intervals electro-magnets having cores and parts
operating therewith such as above described and in operation the action of the
voice upon the plate in the first' instance is repeated to another plate or plates by
parts of the relay apparatus and thereby again transmitted to other such like
apparatus acting as a further relay at a further distance and so on according to
distance or other circumstances
For the receiving portion of telephonic apparatus I provide an electro magnet of
horse-shoe or other suitable form wound with coarse wire having an iron core or
cores opposite the end or ends of which core or cores in proper position is suitably
supported or suspended an iron or magnetized steel armature or plate such
armature or plate being attached by a screw or otherwise to the centre of a
wooden, metal, glass, or other suitable disc or plate. One end of such coarse wire
being connected electrically to one pole of a galvanic battery and the other end
being connected through the transmitter to the other pole of the cell or battery
In another arrangement of receiving apparatus I use a modified form of the
receiving instrument described by me in my Provisional: Specification filed on the
20th January last N° 339. But in place of a continuous soft iron core I use in
this instance a core substantially the same as that therein described except that it
is divided in the centre and attached to the discs or diaphragms at the ends which
discs or diaphragms need not necessarily be of inducible metal and the two halves
of the core or magnetizable bar vibrate to and from one another at the centre, and
cause the discs or diaphragms to follow or participate in their motion and produce
the desired effect
"
In operation with the apparatus such as I have just described I arrange the
same thus: In the transmitting instrument with flat or concave plate or flexible
lever the piece of carbon or other equivalent is connected to one pole of a voltaic

page_text: cell or battery and the supporting bracket for the pencils or pieces of carbon or
their equivalents is connected through the coarse wire of the local receiver and the
primary wire of an induction coil to the other pole of the cell or battery and the
two ends of the secondary wire of the induction coil are connected one to line
through the electro magnet of the relay and the other to earth or to the return
wire.
Or according to another arrangement I use two induction coils wherein the
piece of carbon or its equivalent is connected as in the previous instance to one
pole of a battery and the supporting bracket for the carbon pencils or their equi-
valent is connected to one end of the primary wire of the first induction coil whose
other end is connected to one end of the primary wire of the second induction coil
and the other end of this second primary is connected to the other pole of the
battery, and the ends of the secondary wire of the first induction coil are connected
one to line through the electro magnet of the relay and the other to carth or
return wire, and the ends of the secondary wire of the second induction coil are
connected one to one outer end and the other to the other outer end of the other
fine wire coil of the arrangement of receiver with divided core already described,―
The coarse wire ends of the said receiver being connected to the poles of another
battery
In another modification in which I also use two induction coils the apparatus
may be electrically arranged as just described except that the coarse wire local
receiver is inserted in the circuit of the battery the transmitter and the two
primary wires of the two induction coils the ends of the secondary wire of the
first induction coil being as in the previous instance connected one to line through
the electro-magnet of the relay and the other to earth or return wire and the ends
of the secondary wire of the second induction coil being connected one to an
extension line and the other to earth or return wire.
By another arrangement applicable to any of the foregoing modifications but in
which I use instead of the flat or concave plate or flexible lever a vibrating lever
such as already described provided with an armature to each end. In this instance
the piece of carbon or its equivalent on the first armature is connected to one pole
of a battery and the supporting bracket for the pencils of carbon, or equivalent
therefor, is connected to the bracket supporting the pencils of carbon or their
equivalent of the second armature and the piece of carbon or its equivalent on this
second armature is connected to the other pole of the battery through the local
coarse wire receiver and the primary wire or primary wires of the first or first and
second induction coils in manner as already described in the foregoing arrange-
ments. Or the pieces of carbon or their equivalent on the two armatures may
be both connected to one pole of a battery and the supporting brackets for the
carbon pencils or their equivalent may be connected to the other pole of the
battery through the local coarse wire receiver and the two primary wires of the
induction coils and the two secondary wires connected in such manner as before
described.
In employing the two induction coils the transmitter may be used as a direct
and as a relaý transmitter.

page_text: the said John Graham in the Patent Office on the 17th January 1884.
JOHN GRAHAM of N° 49. Belmont Street Haverstock Hill in the County of
Middlesex Electrician "IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEPHONIC APPARATUS
"
These improvements have for their object the production of telephonic apparatus
which will obviate many difficulties attendant on electric telephony arising from
inductive influences and also to render long distance telephony practical and
easy
For this purpose I employ a direct transmitter, a relay transmitter and a local
receiver.
In the case of the direct transmitter I use an instrument substantially the same
as that described in my Specification of Letters Patent granted to me the Twenty
ninth day of May one thousand eight hundred and eighty three N° 2667 or a
modification of that instrument, such modification instead of the flat or concave
plate therein described has a flexible lever or spring to which flexible lever or
spring is affixed the piece of carbon or other suitable substance which holds or
retains in position the pencil or pencils or rods or pieces of carbon or other equiva-
lent pieces. This flexible lever or spring is screwed or otherwise connected in a
suitable manner to the case at one end and has a constant tendency to press against
the case at the other end with a pressure adjustable by screws brought to bear
upon the lever or otherwise. To this flexible lever or spring is attached a pin or
spindle which passes freely through the side or lid of the case and is provided with
a flat top or suitable part adapted to be acted upon by or to receive sound waves
produced in its vicinity.
In my improved transmitting instrument the parts, are similarly constituted by
lever, a piece of carbon or other equivalent and a pencil or pencils of carbon or
their equivalents and a supporting bracket more or less as described in my said
Specification, but acted upon by a suitable electro-magnet, with a core, or cores of
iron, or magnetized steel, attracting an armature of iron, or magnetized steel,
attached to one end of a suitable lever whose other end is attached to the flat or
concave plate of the transmitter already described in my said Specification just
referred to or this armature lever may when a flexible lever or spring is substituted
for the flat or concave plate be brought to act upon that flexible lever or spring in
like manner.
Or instead of employing a lever with attached armature the electro magnet may
when the flat or concave plate or flexible lever as already described is made of
magnetizable metal be arranged so as to act directly upon such flat or concave
plate or flexible lever or spring without intervening agency
In another arrangement of my transmitting instrument with relay I employ a
centrally pivotted or swinging or vibrating lever or double arm or part carrying at
each end an armature of iron or magnetized steel. Each armature is acted upon
by a horse shoe electro magnet or other suitable electro magnet or one only of the
, armatures may be provided with such an electro magnet for acting upon it and the
other armature on the pivotted arm will be influenced by one so provided.
Between either or both of those armatures to serve as a buffer is provided a flexible,
spring or piece of india rubber or other suitable substance to regulate or adequately
counteract the too near approach of such armature or armatures towards. the core
or cores of the electro magnet or electro magnets
In some cases it is convenient to employ permanent magnets to act upon such
flat or cóncave plate or flexible lever or spring or pivoted or swinging or vibrating
lever or double arm to restrain or intensify or regulate the influence of the electro

page_text: magnet or electro magnets upon such fat or concave plate or flexible lever or
vibrating double arm. These armatures are connected with carbon or other suitable
pieces supporting a pencil or pencils of carbon or equivalent pieces suitably supported
adjustably on brackets and electrically connected in manner already referred to and
described in my said Specification
In order to provide relays in transmitting sounds or speech in telephony for long
distances I employ at intervals electro magnets having cores and parts operating
therewith such as above described and in operation the action of the voice upon
the plate in the first instance is repeated to another plate or plates by parts of the
relay apparatus and thereby again transmitted to other such like apparatus acting
as a further relay at a further distance and so on according to distance or other
circumstances.
For the receiving portion of telephonic apparatus I provide an electro magnet of
horse shoe or other suitable form wound with coarse wire having an iron core or
cores opposite the end or ends of which core or cores in proper position is suitably
supported or suspended an iron or magnetized steel armature or plate such
armature or plate being attached by a screw or otherwise to the centre of a
wooden, metal, glass, or other suitable disc or plate-One end of such coarse wire
being connected electrically to one pole of a galvanic battery and the other end
being connected through the transmitter to the other pole of the cell or battery.
In another arrangement of receiving apparatus I use a modified form of the
receiving instrument described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to
me dated the twentieth January One thousand eight hundred and eighty three
N° 339. But in place of a continuous soft iron core I use in this instance a core
substantially the same as that therein described except that it is divided in the
centre and attached to the discs or diaphragms at the ends which discs or
diaphragms need not necessarily be of inducible metal and the two halves of the
core, or magnetizable bar, vibrate to and from one another at the centre and cause
the discs or diaphragms to follow or participate in, their motion and produce the
desired effect.
In operation with the apparatus such as I have just described I arrange the
same thus. In the transmitting instrument with flat or concave plate or flexible
lever the piece of carbon or other equivalent is connected to one pole of a Voltaic
cell or battery and the supporting bracket for the pencils or pieces of carbon or
their equivalents is connected through the coarse wire of the local receiver and
the primary wire of an induction coil to the other pole of the cell or battery and
the two ends of the secondary wire of the induction coil are connected one to line
through the electro magnet of the relay and the other to earth or to the return
wire.
Or according to another arrangement I use two induction coils wherein the
piece of carbon or its equivalent is connected as in the previous instance to one
pole of a battery and the supporting bracket for the carbon pencils or their
equivalent is connected to one end of the primary wire of the first induction coil
whose other end is connected to one end of the primary wire of the second
induction coil and the other end of the second primary is connected to the other
pole of the battery and the ends of the secondary wire of the first induction coil
re connected one to line through the electro magnet of the relay and the other to
earth or return wire and the ends of the secondary wire of the second induction
coil are connected one to one outer end and the other to the other outer end of
he other fine wire coil of the arrangement of receiver and divided core already
lescribed.
The coarse wire ends of the said receiver being connected to the poles of another
attery.
In another modification in which I also use two induction coils the apparatus
ay be electrically arranged as just described except that the coarse wire local
ceiver is inserted in the circuit of the battery the transmitter and the two
rimary wires of the two induction coils; the ends of the secondary wire of the

page_text: first induction coil being, as in the previous instance, connected one to line through
the electro magnet of the relay and the other to earth or return wire and the ends
of the secondary wire of the second induction coil being connected one to au
extension line and the other to earth or return wire.
By another arrangement applicable to any of the foregoing modifications but in-
which I use instead of the flat or concave plate or flexible lever, a vibrating lever
such as already described, provided with an armature to each end. In this instance
the piece of carbon, or its equivalent, on the first armature is connected to one pole
of a battery and the supporting bracket for the pencils of carbon, or equivalent
therefor, is connected to the bracket supporting the pencils of carbon, or their
equivalent, of the second armature and the piece of carbon, or its equivalent, on
this second armature is connected to the other pole of the battery through the local
coarse wire receiver and the primary wire or primary wires of the first or first and
second induction coils in manner as already described in the foregoing arrangements.
Or the pieces of carbon, or, their equivalent, on the two armatures may be both
.connected to one pole of a battery and the supporting brackets for the carbon
pencils, or their equivalent, may be connected to the other pole of the battery
through the local coarse wire receiver and the two primary wires of the induction
coils and the two secondary wires connected in such manner as before described
In employing the two induction coils the transmitter may be used as a direct
and as a relay transmitter.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a side view of a modification of the transmitting apparatus described
in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to me dated May twenty ninth One
thousand eight hundred and eighty three N° 2667. a¹ is a screwed stem pin
passing loosely through the front wall of the casing a having a flat head a² to
receive sound waves produced when speaking towards it. b is a carbon block
fixed firmly against spring b2 by binding nuts b¹ and the one on the top of the
said carbon block b and the other underneath the spring b². is a screw for
adjusting the tension of spring b² against the wall of casing a care carbon or other
pencils having their upper ends pointed or formed to rest loosely in suitable recesses
in the carbon block b and resting at their lower ends upon adjustable screws c²
passing through a metal bracket cl. c³ are screws for fixing the metal bracket c¹ to
the wall of the casing a. h is a wire connecting the carbon block b to one pole
.of a galvanic battery, the other pole of which battery being connected through
the primary wire P. P¹ of an induction coil K, to the metal basket c¹ by a wire h².
jand are the two ends of the secondary wire of the induction coil the one end
- leading to line and the other to earth or return wire as the case may be.
Figure 2 is a back view of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a back view of a transmitting apparatus of the character of those shewn
in my said Specification of Patent dated twenty ninth day of May One thousand
eight hundred and eighty three No 2667. but in the present instance it is arranged
to be acted upon by an electro magnet and is in connection with two induction
coils and a modified form of the receiving instrument described in the Specification
of my Patent of twentieth day of January one thousand eight hundred and eighty
three No 339 aforesaid- is a sound receiving plate having its rim a³ covered
with cloth or other suitable substance serving as a cushion carrying a carbon block b
having suitable recesses supporting the pointed ends of the carbon pencils c which
rest upon adjustable screws c² passing through a metal bracket c¹ fixed to the wall
of the casing by screws-c. a¹ are springs of which there may be any convenient
number to hold the plate a³ in its position f is an electro magnet fixed to a supporting
bracket e by screw f1. Bracket e is secured to the casing by screws e¹ fare
screws fixing the back iron f³ to and against the cores f* of the electro magnet
d is a lever projecting through underneath the electro magnet f and carrying a
moveable lever g₁ which is fastened at the one end to the armature g of the electro

page_text: magnet f and at the other end to the sound receiving plate a². 63 is a screwed stem
pin passing through the sound receiving plate and carbon block b. b² is
a nut binding the carbon block b down against the sound receiving plate a²,
h is a wire connecting the carbon block b with one pole of a galvanic
battery ; the other pole of which is connected through the primary wire P, Pt
of an induction coil and so likewise through the primary wire P³ and P³ of
another induction coil ¹ to the metal bracket c. is one end of the wire of the
electro magnet f leading to line. is the other end of the wire of the electro
magnet connected to one end of the secondary wire 2 of the induction coil ¹ the
other end of which being connected to earth or return wire. m and m¹ are the
coarse wire local inducing coils of the receiver. m² and m³ are the two outer ends
of such coarse wire coils the one connected to the one pole and the other to the
other pole of a galvanic battery t. m are the two inner ends of this coarse wire
joined together. n and n¹ are the two fine wire coils of such modified receiver
and n² the two inner ends joined together. n³ is one outer end of the fine wire
coils and n connected the one to one end of the secondary wire of the
induction coil k and the other n to the other end of the secondary wire 15.
8 and are vibratory iron cores resting freely inside of the coils m and m¹ but
fixed firmly inside of the fine wire coils n and n which move to and from one
another by the vibrating motions of the cores s and s¹. O and O' are non-inducible
diaphragms or discs attached to the outer ends of the cores s and s¹ by adjustable
screws R and R¹. q and q' are portions of the casing which fix and hold the
discs o and o' and the coarse wire coils m and m³ in their proper position.
•
Figure 4 is a side view of Figure 3-a is the front wall of the casing. At al is
indicated the position and formation of a mouth piece-a² is the sound receiving
plate and a³ is the cloth or other cushioning surrounding its rim a are springs
retaining the sound receiving plate a² against the wall of the casing a and over the
mouth piece a¹-b is the carbon block and b¹ is the head of the screwed stem pin 6³.
passing through the carbon block b-62 is a nut fastening the carbon block b down
against the sound receiving plate a² care the carbon or other pencils with pointed
ends resting loosely in the recesses of carbon block b and supported at their lower
ends by adjustable screws c² passing through a metal bracket c¹ into recesses or
centers of the said pencils c care screws fixing metal bracket c¹ to wall of
casing a dis a projecting lever fixed to casing'a by screws d' and carrying a
moveable lever g₁ attached at its lower end to the sound receiving plate a² and at
its upper end to an armature g in front of and very near the cores f* of the electro
magnet f. f¹ is a screw fixing back iron f³ to a bracket e which is affixed to
lever d by the screws e¹ fare screws fixing back iron f³ against the cores f* of
the electro magnet f-h and h¹ are wires connecting the carbon block b and the
metal bracket c¹ to a galvanic battery and the primary wires P. P¹ P2 F³ of two
induction coils k and ¹ as described and shewn in Figure 3
Figure 5 is a plan view and Figure 6 is a front view of my improved form of
relay transmitting apparatus band b' are carbon blocks fixed to vibrating
armatures 6 and 66 by stem pins 62 and 63 and binding nuts a¹ and a² in front of
cores fof an electro magnet f and regulated in their movements by springs j and jl.
d is a piece of non inducible metal joining armatures 6 and 66 together and
pivotted upon adjustable screws n passing through projections n' of a supporting
stem n² rivetted to a base plate n³ which is fixed to casing a by screws n³.
c and c are metal brackets fixed to the casing a by screws c³ and carrying
adjustable screws c² passing into recessed centres of and supporting carbon or other
suitable pencils c and c₁ having suitably pointed or formed ends passing into
recesses of and supporting at a suitable inclination by carbon blocks band be is
a bracket fixed to the case a by screws e¹ and fixed to and supporting back iron g
of the electro magnet f by screws f¹-f2 are screws fixing back iron g against
cores of electro magnet f. p is a wire connecting the carbon block b¹ to the
terminal t through the coarse wire of a receiver coil 2 and to a terminal t¹ and
through a primary wire P¹and P² of an induction coil k to a galvanic battery 7.

page_text: P³ is a wire connecting the metal bracket c with a carbon block b and P is a wire
connecting metal bracket c' to the other pole of the battery 1. a* is the casing of
a local receiver 'A u is the iron or other core which is affixed to the casing a* by.
a screw u. 6* is a lid or "top" which screws or clamps down the non-inducible
diaphragm or disc v in its position-u¹ is an armature suspended or held in position
by suitable springs u² and screw u³¹ is a wire, pin or connection connecting the
armature to the disc with capability of adjustment by a screw nut or otherwise.
so as to make the disc v vibrate with the armature u¹. is the one end of the
electro magnet coil leading to line and is the other end connected to earth or
loop as the case may be through the secondary wire m and m¹ of the induction
coil k.
Figure 5* shows more clearly the adjusting parts of the supporting stem n²
shewn in Figures 5 and 6.
The projecting parts n' are adjustable in a vertical direction up or down or in a
horizontal circular direction upon the stem n² and are fixed in their position
by the binding screws n³. n³ is a base plate having holes for screws n¹ formed
elongated to allow of the plate n³ being moved to and adjusted therein
Figure 7 Is a plan view of my relay apparatus arranged to give intensified
effects. m and m¹ are horse shoe magnets resting upon adjustable pillars upon
which they are fixed by screws x passing through suitably formed holes which
allow the magnets m and m¹ to be inoved nearer to or further from their relative
magnetized armatures B and B¹. S. N. and S¹ N¹ and S2 N2 and S3 N³ indicate
respectively the polarity of the pole pieces e e e¹ e¹ c² e² and e³ e³—dd d¹ à¹² d²
and d³ ³ are fine wire receiving coils connected in circuit the whole series being
at one end i connected to line and at the other end i to return wire or earth
through the secondary wire of an induction coil such as is shewn in Figure 5.
care screws for fastening the armatures B and B¹ to their pole pieces e c
and e³ ³
In order to reduce external inductive influences to a minimum the sensitiveness
of the apparatus shewn in Figure 7, should be diminished by substituting iron
armatures and back-irons respectively for magnets B B¹ and m m¹
Having thus described the nature of my invention and means adapted for
carrying the same into practical effect I would have it understood that what I
do claim is
1. The combination or arrangement of parts forming electric telephonic
apparatus substantially as described and shewn in reference to Figures 1 and 2.
2. The combination or arrangement of electric telephonic relay apparatus
substantially as set forth in reference to Figures 3 and 4 of the accompanying
drawings
3. The combination or arrangement of electric telephonic relay apparatus
substantially as and for the purpose herein described and shewn by Figures 5
and 6.
4. The combination or arrangement of parts forming electric telephonic relay
apparatus substantially as described and shewn in respect of Figure 7 or a
modification thereof having iron armatures and "back-irons" in substitution for
the magnets B. B¹ and m. m¹ shewn therein substantially in manner and for the
purpose as described
5. In electric telephonic relay apparatus arranging or constructing armatures
in front of and acted upon by a magnet, or magnets, having receiving coils, said
armatures having attached thereto levers operating upon transmitter or sound
receiver plates in manner and for the purpose substantially as described and shown
in respect of Figures 3 and 4.
Arranging or constructing armatures and parts connected therewith of.
telephonic relay apparatus so that said armatures and the parts operated thereby
may be capable of vibrating responsively to transmitted currents received through
coils of wire in connection with a magnet or magnets substantially in manner
and for the purpose herein described and shewn by Figures 5. 6. and 7.

page_text: 7. Arranging or constructing telephonic receiving instruments with divided
cores within locally inducing coils attached to diaphragms and operating with
receiving coils substantially as set forth in respect of the uppermost part of
Figure 3.
8. Arranging or constructing the parts of a local telephonic receiving instrument
having its receiving coil in circuit with a local battery and relay transmitter
substantially as described and shewn in respect of A Figure 5.
In witness whereof I the said John Graham have hereunto set my hand and seal
this Sixteenth day of January in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and eighty four.
JOHN GRAHAM (L.S.)
Witness
c
ALFRED G BROOKES.
55 Chancery Lane London.
Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents.