IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATORS FOR THE SUPPLY OF MINERAL AND OTHER OILS TO BEARINGS AND JOURNALS OF SHAFTS, PIT TUBS, AND OTHER PARTS REQUIRING LUBRICATION
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ferdinand Jossa, of Phoenix Oil Works, Fence
Houses; in the County of Durham, Manufacturing Chemist, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATORS FOR THE SUPPLY OF MINERAL
AND OTHER OILS TO BEARINGS AND JOURNALS OF SHAFTS, PIT TUBS, AND OTHER
PARTS REQUIRING LUBRICATION."
Sealed the 22nd October 1867, and dated the 1st May 1867. :
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ferdinand Jossa at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
May 1867.
I, FERDINAND JOSSA, of Phoenix Oil Works, Fence Houses; in the County
of Durham, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATORS FOR THE SUPPLY OF MINERAL AND
OTHER OILS TO BEARINGS AND JOURNALS OF SHAFTS, PIT TUBS, AND OTHER PARTS
REQUIRING LUBRICATION," to be as follows:-
I provide suitably shaped metallic vessels, air-tight or otherwise, to hold.
and receive the oil, the bottom of the vessel to hold the oil I provide with a
bag, cone, or disc of felt, flannel, canvas, or other porous material, or com-
bination of felt with wire netting, through which the oil can permeate or filter,
and I also provide a piston in or in connection with the vessel for holding the
oil for the purpose of putting pressure on the oil by hand to force it, when
necessary, through the said porous materials, which in some modifications I

page_text: strengthen and protect with a covering of gauze, wire netting, or other metallic
perforated substance; the said piston I shape so that it may be held in any
position by a spring catch or other suitable contrivance; I also in some
modifications introduce a spring under the said piston to prevent undue
pressure on the oil, and in others I provide a spring upon the piston to give a
constant pressure on the oil. I make provision for filling the vessel by a hole
through the piston rod, or through the top or side of the vessel for holding the
oil, which hole I make air-tight by an adjustable valve or screwed plug, or
some such efficient contrivance, and I admit air on the top of the piston to
allow of its being pressed down by piercing the vessel with a small hole, the
area of which in some cases I regulate by a valve or coned-plug, or-I effect
the same by making the piston rod so that it does not quite fit its gland. The
aforesaid vessel to receive the oil I make by preference funnel shaped at the
bottom, and in some cases I provide means to regulate the exit of the oil by
fixing a finely perforated plate, disc, cone, or bag of felt, flannel, or canvas,
or by a piece of sponge or other porous material over the hole, or by an
adjustable valve or coned plug.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Ferdinand Jossa in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
1st November 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FERDINAND
Jossa, of Phoenix Oil Works, Fence Houses, in the County of Durham,
Manufacturing Chemist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her. Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Ferdinand Jossa, Her special licence that I, the said Ferdinand Jossa,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Ferdinand Jossa, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LUBRICATORS FOR THE SUPPLY OF MINERAL AND OTHER OILS TO BEARINGS
AND JOURNALS OF SHAFTS, PIT TUBS, AND OTHER PARTS REQUIRING LUBRICATION,"

page_text: upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Ferdinand Jossa, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Ferdinand Jossa, do hereby declare.
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to, be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the two Sheets of Drawings hereunto
annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
.
I provide suitably shaped metallic vessels air-tight or otherwise to hold and
receive the oil; the bottom of the vessel to hold the oil I provide with a
bag, cone, or disc of felt, flannel, canvas, or other porous material, or com-
bination of felt with wire netting, through which the oil can permeate or filter,
and I also provide a piston in or in connection with the vessel for holding the
oil for the purpose of putting pressure on the oil by hand to force it when
necessary through the said porous materials which in some modifications I
strengthen and protect with a covering of gauze, wire netting, or other metallic,.
perforated substance. The said piston I shape so that it may be held. in any
position by a spring catch or other suitable contrivance; also in some
modifications introduce a spring under the said piston to prevent undue
pressure on the oil, and in others I provide a spring upon the piston to give a
constant pressure on the oil. I make provision for filling the vessel by a hole
through the piston rod.or through the top or side of the vessel for holding
the oil, which hole I make air-tight by an adjustable valve or screwed plug,
or some such efficient contrivance, and I admit air on the top of the piston to
allow of its being pressed down by piercing the vessel with a small hole, the
area of which in some cases I regulate by a valve or coned plug, or I effect
the same by making the piston rod so that it does not quite fit its gland.
The aforesaid vessel to receive the oil I make by preference funnel shaped at
the bottom, and in some cases I provide means to regulate the exit of the oil
by fixing a finely perforated plate, disc, cone, or bag of felt, flannel, or canvas,
or by a piece of sponge or other porous material over the hole, or by an
adjustable valve or coned plug.
In order that my Invention may be fully understood, I will now proceed
to describe my manner of constructing and arranging the parts of my

page_text: Figure 1, Sheet 1 of the Drawings annexed shows a front elevation, and.
Figure 2 a longitudinal section of my improved lubricator.
A is a cylindrical-shaped vessel for holding the oil; B is a piston and rod:
with a hole through its centre for the convenience of filling the vessel A ;-
C is a screwed plug to be unscrewed for filling; D is a bag of the porous
material before-mentioned, held in place by the screwed portion a, a, of the
lubricator E; this bag is in some cases supported and strengthened by an
outer casing of gauze, wire, or finely perforated plate F; the piston rod is
formed with notches and provided with a spring catch G to hold it in any
position. His a spiral spring for-keeping-the-piston up to the notches, and
to prevent undue pressure being put on the oil tending to burst the bag D
when not protected by the gauze, wire, or, perforated plate E. The-manner-iu
which this lubricator acts is this, when the piston B is raised and the plug C
removed the vessel A can be filled with oil which filters through the bag D
-and passes to the vessel E. When a large quantity of oil is required the
bag D may or may not be cased with gauze, wire, and in other cases when:
only a small quantity is required it is cased or protected with the before-
mentioned finely perforated plate F, the number of perforations in which
regulate the quantity of oil passing through, and when an immediate large
quantity is required the oil is forced out by depressing the piston B. The
tap I is for the purpose of partly or wholly stopping the oil from passing to
the axles.
Sheet 2 of the Drawings shows modifications in the shape and arrangement
of the porous material and mode of regulating the flow of oil which may be
used with or without the piston shown in Sheet 1; .each modification is shown
in vertical section with a half horizontal section below it.
In Figure 1, Sheet 2, a is a perforated cylindrical shaped vessel formed
with a flange for attachment, and an elongated boss screwed for union nut;
is a hoop or cylinder of porous material such as felt, and c is a close ended
cylindrical case fitting tightly over b, but capable of being raised up or pressed
down to the necessary position; dis a union nut for securing the whole to
the oil box A. The manner in which this lubricator, acts is this, when the
outer case cis raised a portion of the porous material is brought into
contact with, the oil (contained in the box A,), which rises and passes-through-
-the-perforations in a, and in proportion as the case is raised so is the,
quantity of oil increased which passes through these perforations.
.
Figure 2 shows an arrangement, similar to Figure 1, the difference being
that the outer case is formed with a flange, and is held fast in its place, and
is pierced with one or more holes for admitting the oil to the porous material,

page_text: and in proportion to the number and size of these holes so will be the quantity:
of oil passed for lubrication. Figure 2 also serves to show another modifi-
cation, in which (all other parts remaining the same as before) the case c is
perforated with a number of holes, and another tightly fitting case e applied;
thereon, which is raised or lowered, to cover or uncover as many holes in case c
as may be necessary for a given supply of oil.
Figure 3 shows a modification of Figure 2. a is a cylindrical shaped
vessel as in Figures 1 and 2, but pierced with one or more holes x; b is a
cylinder of porous material, and c an outer cylinder flanged at the bottom:
and fitting as before tightly over b. By this arrangement the quantity of oil.
percolated is regulated by the number or size of the holes in the cylindrical;
part of the vessel a.
In Figure 4, a is also a cylindrical shaped vessel with a casing of porous!
material, fitting tightly into a chamber c which is screwed into the box .holding
the oil. In one modification by raising or lowering a in the vessel c, more or.;
less of the porous, material is brought into contact with the oil, thereby,
increasing or decreasing the quantity of oil percolated. According to another;
modification the same object is attained by piercing the vessel a with one. or.
more holes near the top, as shown at x, and pressing the vessel a and with it
the porous material 6 completely into the vessel c so that no oil passes'
through the top, as is shown by the arrows for the last modification..
Figure 5 shows another modification of Figure 4, the difference being that.
the cylindrical shaped vessel a is divided by a diaphragm, and pierced at both
sides of it with one or more holes shown at a, x. In this modification the
percolation is determined entirely by the number and size of the holes on each
side of the diaphragm.
Figure 6 shows a modification in which flat sheet felt 6 or,
other porous:
substance is used, and the percolation is regulated either by the number and,
size of the holes a, a, in the vessels a and c, or by pressure closing the
texture of the material b, the vessel a being screwed for that purpose as:
shown.
Figure 7 shows an arrangement also introducing flat porous material, and
designed to regulate the flow of oil by pressure more or, less on the said
porous material. In this arrangement the bottom of the oil box is perforated
with a number of small holes set off on a circle, as seen in the plan of
said Figure (or otherwise) somewhat larger than the felt, which has to be held;"
a is a disc of suitable size formed with or, without an elongated boss thereon,
which is only for the convenience of conducting the oil away to the point to
be lubricated, the whole is held together and the requisite pressure on the

page_text: felt given by the nut d. In this arrangement it is not absolutely necessary
that the felt, flannel, or whatever porous substance may be used should be cut
to any regular form, it is only necessary that it should well cover the hole f
through which the oil has to pass, and in cases where a very open or loose
substance is used I place over the oil passage f a piece of strong gauze wire
or perforated plate, this applies also to Figure 6.
In Figures 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 the porous material may be either
solid, cylindrical shaped, or made up in layers, or it may be formed of any
shape when the substance is such as to permit of its being pressed in to fill
evenly the whole cavity prepared for it, and when any open or loose substance
is. used I place over the holes f, f, a finely-perforated-plate or a piece-of-
gauze wire, as in Figures 6 and 7, to prevent the porous substance b being
pressed-into-the-oil-passages..--
The arrangement of Figure 8 is this, the vessel a is formed with a cavity
to receive the porous material 6 which is pressed and closed to the required.
density by the nut c, the whole is then screwed into or otherwise fastened to
the oil box A. In this case the readjustment of the parts can only be
effected by unscrewing the part.a..
Figure 9 is an arrangement similar to that shown at Figure 8, but is
designed to be adjusted without taking a part. a is the adjusting plug screwed
at the end for union nut if necessary; c is a check nut to prevent the plug a
from slacking back.
Figure 10 is a modification of Figure 9. a is formed to receive the porous
material, and is screwed to a projecting boss on the oil box A, and prevented.
from slacking back by the check nut c.
Figure 11 shows another modification for the purpose of adjusting the
necessary compression of the porous material 6 from the outside; a is a
cylindrical vessel holding the porous material; c is a screwed plug or piston for
the purpose of compressing the aforesaid porous material; and d' is a check
nut to prevent its unscrewing; the vessel a is screwed tightly to the oil s
box A..
. Figure 12 shows an arrangement for forming a lubricator in the union and
between the ends of gas or other piping, the necessary compression being had
by screwing the ends of the pipe towards each other.
Figure 13-shows-a-section-of-a-lubricator with a cavity formed at the s
bottom to hold the porous material b, its density being regulated by the
tightness with which it is forced into the cavity.
Figure 14 shows a section of a lubricator, where a space is left between
the bottom of the lubricator and the bottom of the hole iuto. which it is

page_text: screwed, the space being filled with the porous material 6 to the required
density.
Figure 15 shows an arrangement in which the porous material b. is of a
hollow conical shape. The bottom of the oil vessel A is formed with a conical
projection a and is pierced with one or more holes a, a, to allow the oil to
pass to the cone b; the oil pipe c is also formed conical, the requisite com-
pression of the porous substance being obtained by the nut d.
Figure 16 shows another modification in applying the cone shape;' in this
case the apex of the cone is brought in contact with the oil in the box and a
screwed plug a, with its end pointed or coned is screwed through the nut c
which is screwed to the box or vessel holding the oil, the aforesaid screwed
plug being prevented from slacking back by the check nut d.
Figure 17 shows also a modification in applying the hollow cone-shaped
porous material; in this case the oil pipe a is screwed into the oil vessel,
and the compression of the porous material is obtained by the nut c; which
is formed either hollow or solid, and pierced to allow the oil to pass to the
cone.
Figure 18 shows an arrangement for using porous material b of double
coned shape, it is in all other respects the same as Figure 9.
Figure 19 shows an arrangement for using porous material 6 of solid conical
shape, and is in other respects the same as Figure 9.
4
In applying my improvements to pit tubs, as at Figure 20, Sheet 1, I make
oil boxes or vessels for holding the oil of any convenient size, but by preference
as large as the construction of the tub will admit, and fix one to each side
thereof between the soles and the cross pieces, and altogether underneath the
tub bottom, as shown by the under side plan Figure 21. I fix to these boxes
or vessels one or other of the modifications of lubricators shown in Sheet 2,
and by gas or other pipes conduct the oil from the lubricator to the top of the
cods or bearings, which have to be drilled and countersunk for the purpose of
oiling the axles.
Figure 21, Sheet 1, shows an inverted plan of the pit tub with the wheels
and axles removed. A, A, are the oil boxes; B, B, lubricators; C, C, pipes
conducting the oil to the bearings; and a, a, are air pipes passing through to
the top of the box; these pipes bave a small hole through them to allow air
to fill the box as the oil leaves it, and when unscrewed form a ready means of
refilling the box with oil..
Figure 22, Sheet 1, shows a side elevation of a coal waggon as fitted with
my improved lubricator A, A, the oil vessels for which are made of any
convenient shape or size, and fixed to the top of the side soles, and directly

page_text: over or as nearly as possible over the cods or bearings by which the oil from
the lubricator is passed from the lubricator direct to the axle.
Figure 23 shows a side elevation of a railway truck with my mode of
applying the lubricator therėto: As before the oil vessels A, A, are made of
any convenient size or shape, and are bolted to the outside of the soles;
B, B, are nuts for filling the box with oil; and are pierced with small holes for
air. For these trucks and similar stock the lubricator may or may not be
fitted with a small cock or tap to economise the oil when the truck is not at
work. The pipe C, C, conveying the oil to the axle box is carried down
through the top cover, but enough clearance has to be left to allow the rise
and fall of the box.-
Having thus particularly described the nature of my Invention; and the
manner of performing the same, I wish to remark that I do not limit myself
to the sizes of lubricators shown in the accompanying Drawings, and-I-do-not
claim the use of felt, flannel, nor any similar porous material; but what I do
claim as my Invention; to be protected by the herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent is,-
First, the manner of constructing and arranging the parts comprising the
lubricator as set forth and shown in the accompanying Drawings (separately
ór in combination) in conjunction with felt, flannel; canvas, wool waste, or
other porous substance, and the manner of regulating the quantity of oil
percolated through the same, as herein described.
Secondly, the manner of applying the lubricator specially to pit tubs, pit
waggons, and railway trucks, as herein described and shown on Sheet 1 of the
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Ferdinand Jossa, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
ATA ALE
ND JOSSA
(L.S.).