Improvements in the Manufacture of Metallic Wheels suitable for Vehicles and Rolling Stock of various kinds.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Sept., 1896
Complete Specification Left; 28th June, 1897-Accepted, 11th Sept., 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Metallic Wheels suitable for
Vehicles and Rolling Stock of various kinds.
I, ARTHUR WOOD CALVERT of 10 Hunslet Road, Leeds, in the County of York,
Metal Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows: --
This invention has reference to improvements in the manufacture of metallic
wheels, for vehicles and Rolling stock of various kinds, the object being to so
construct wheels that they shall be stronger, lighter, more durable and safer to
use than those at present in use.
In order to attain these objects I construct such wheels from metallic tubes of
various sections, or from sheet metal or sectional metal, the felloes being made
of one piece of metal or of a number of pieces of metal suitably joined together,
a recess or recesses, or an orifice or orifices of requisite shape being provided in
each piece, for the insertion of the end of a spoke, or the ends of spokes, as the
case may be.
When the felloe is to be made in one piece according to one construction, a
tubular piece of metal of the desired section is bent into a circular form the ends
being joined together by a butt joint, made by inserting in one end. a tightly
fitting tubular ferrule, which will project outwardly a certain distance therefrom
and then inserting the projecting portion of said ferrule into the other end of the
tube and brazing or otherwise securing them together. When the felloe is to
be made from a number of pieces of metal they are joined together in a similar
manner.
The outer periphery of the felloes may be plain or be formed with one or more
circumferential grooves that serve to retain the tyre in position, when the tyre
which is also provided with a projecting rib or with projecting ribs is heated and
contracted to the felloe, the rib or ribs on the tyre taking into the said circum-
ferential groove or grooves on the felloe.
In some cases the tyre is bolted or rivetted to the felloe in the usual manner,
and in that case the felloe and tyre may be plain or be provided with external
grooves and internal ribs respectively.
Felloes according to this invention may also be provided on either or both sides
with annular or radial ribs or corrugations, to give extra strength thereto.
According to another construction, the felloe is made from metal of channel
section bent to a circular form and the ends brazed together, the back of the
channel being innermost and having the spokes secured to it. The outer portions
of the flanges are afterwards bent over at right angles and their edges where they
meet are welded or brazed together so as to form an annular tube of rectangular
section, upon which the tyre can be placed. The spokes are made from metal
tubes of any desired section, either plain or fluted lengthwise the ends that are
inserted into the recesses or orifices in the felloes being reduced in section to form
a shoulder, or flanged and joined by rivetting or otherwise to the inner periphery
of the felloes, or they may pass through the body of the felloes and be secured

page_text: thereto by brazing or soldering. The other ends of the spokes may also be reduced
in section to either form a shoulder, or to form a taper end for insertion into
suitable recesses or orifices provided in the nave or hub of the wheel.
The nave or hub in one arrangement is maile from a metallic cylinder reduced
at each end to any suitable shape or diameter and formed with a number of recesses
or orifices at or near the centre of its length corresponding with the ends of the
spokes they are intended for to receive, the spokes after insertion being secured in
the recesses or orifices by brazing or otherwise.
Naves or hubs may in some case be metal, castings of the required configuration,
having a number of circumferential orifices with inwardly projecting flanges
formed at or about the centre of their length for receiveing the ends of the spokes.
The spokes may be secured in place by means of wedges driven into the orifices
in the nave on hub after the spokes have been inserted therein, until the ends of
the wedges project through or beyond the inwardly projecting flanges of the
orifices towards the centre of the nave; afterwards, molten metal is run into the
centre portion of the nave or hub so as to secure the spokes and the nave firmly
together, and it may at the same time leave a central passage for the axle.
Other means than those described may be used for securing the felloes and
spokes together or the spokes and nave together so as to produce the required
wheel.
Dated this 26th day of Santambo 1900
ROBERT EDWIN PEACOCK CRAVEN,
Registered Patent Agent,
22 Victoria Chambers, South Parade, Leeds, Agent for the Applicant.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Metallic Wheels suitable for
Vehicles and Rolling Stock of various kinds.
I, ARTHUR WOOD CALVERT, of 10 Hunslet Road, Leeds in the County of York,
Metal Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
This invention has reference to improvements in the manufacture of metallic
wheels for vehicles of various kinds, the object being to construct wheels so that
they shall be stronger, lighter, more durable, and safer to use than those at present
in use.
In order to attain these objects I construct such wheels, chiefly from metallic
tubes of various sections, or from sheet-metal or sectional metal, the felloes being
each made of one piece of metal or of a number of pieces of metal suitably joined
together, a recess or recesses or an orifice or orifices of requisite shape being
provided in the or each piece for the insertion of the end of a spoke or the ends
of spokes as the case may be.
When the felloe is to be made in one piece, according to one construction a
tubular piece of metal of the desired section is bent into a circular form, the ends
being joined together by a butt-joint made by inserting in one end a tightly
fitting ferrule, which will project outwardly a certain distance therefrom, and
then inserting the projecting portion of the said ferrule into the other end of
the tube and brazing or otherwise securing them together. When the felloe is
to be made from a number of pieces of metal, they are joined together in a similar
manner.

page_text: The outer periphery of the felloe may be plain or be formed with one or more
circumferential grooves that serve to retain the tyre in position when the tyre,
which is also provided with a projecting rib or with projecting ribs, is heated and
contracted on to the felloe, the rib or ribs of the tyre engaging in 'the said circum-
ferential groove or grooves in the felloe.
In some cases the 'tyre is bolted or riveted to the felloe in the usual 'manner,
and in that case 'the felloe and tyre may be plain or be provided with external
grooves and internal ribs respectively.
Felloes according to this invention may also be provided on either or both sides
with annular or radial ribs or corrugations, 'to give extra strength 'thereto.
According to another construction the felloe is made from metal of channel-
section which is bent to a circular form and has its ends brazed together, the back
of the channel 'being innermost and having the spokes secured to it. The outer
portions of the flanges are afterwards bent over at right angles, and their edges,
where they meet, are welded or brazed together so as to form an annular tube of
rectangular section upon which the tyre can be placed.
The spokes are made from metal tubes of any desired section and either plain
or fluted lengthwise, the ends that are inserted into the recesses or orifices in 'the
felloes being reduced in section to form a shoulder, or 'flanged and joined by
riveting or otherwise to the inner peripheries of the felloes, or passing through
the bodies of the felloes and being secured thereto by brazing or soldering.
The other ends of the spokes may also be reduced in section either to form a
shoulder or to form a taper end for insertion into suitable recesses or orifices
provided in the nave or hub of a wheel.
The nave or hub in one arrangement is made from a metallic cylinder reduced
at each end to any suitable shape or diameter and 'formed at or near the centre of
its length with a number of recesses or orifices corresponding to the ends of the
spokes they are intended to receive, the spokes after insertion being secured in the
recesses or orifices by brazing or otherwise.
Naves or hubs may in some cases 'be metal castings of the required configura-
tion and having a number of orifices with inwardly projecting Hanges formed at
or about the centre of their length for receiving the ends of the spokes. The
pokes may be secured in place by means of wedges driven into the orifices in the
nave or hub after the spokes have been insertell therein, until the ends of the
wedges project through or beyond the inwardly projecting 'Hanges of the orifices
towards the centre of the nave: afterwards molten metdl is run into 'the central
portion of the nave or hub so as to secure the spokes and the nave firmly together,
and it may at the same time leave a central passage for the axle.
Other means than those described may be used for securing 'the felloes and
spokes together or the spokes and nave together so as 'to produce the requiretl
wheel.
In order that my invention may be clearly understood I will now proceed to
describe 'the manufacture of wheels and parts thereof with reference to the accom
panying drawings, in which
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a meta" ie wheel constructed according to this
invention;
ma
Fig. 2 is a side elevation of part of a wheel of slightly different construction;
Figs. 3't. 10 inclusive are views of various felloes and spokes according thereto;
Figs. 11 to 18 inclusive represent various waves and 'means of securing the spokes
hereto.
The felloe 1 shown in dig. 1 is made from one piece of metallic tubing bent
o the required circle and where the ends 2 meet a butt-joint is made by inserting
n one end a tightly fitting tubular ferrule 3, which projects outwardly a certain
Histance therefrom, and then inserting the projecting portion of the said ferrule
nto the other end of the felloe and brazing or otherwise securing them together.
Fig. 2 shows a portion of a felloe made from a number of pieces of metallic

page_text: tubing, the ends 2 of adjacent pieces being connected together by butt-joints
made by means of tightly fitting ferrules 3 as above described.
Such felloes may have cross sections such as shown in Figs. 3 and 5.
Fig. 4 represents a felloe made from metal of channel-section which is first bent
to circular form and then has its meeting ends brazed or welded together. The
sides 4 and 5 are then bent over towards each other, as shown in dotted lines
at 6 and 7, until they meet; they are then welded together at their juncture and
closed down as shown at 8 to form a tube of rectangular section. The back of the
channel 9 is innermost and has the spokes secured to it, the tyre being secured to
the other periphery 10. The two sides 4 and 5 may, however, be arranged to form
a butt-joint at 11, where they meet and where they may then be brazed together.
A felloe 1 intended to be provided with an India-rubber tyre may be made from
metallic tubing of round section, bent to circular form and jointed, and have its
outer periphery formed with an annular groove 12 to receive-the tyre 13 as shown
in Fig. 6.
The outer periphery of any of the felloes 1 may he plain, as shown at 11" in
Figs. 4 and 5, or formed with one or more circumferential grooves 12, as shown
in Fig. 3, that serve to retain the tyre 13 in position when the tyre, which is also
provided with a projecting rib or ribs 14, is heated and contracted on to the
felloe the rib or ribs 14 of the tyre engaging in the said circumferential groove
or grooves 12 in the felloe.
The spokes 15 are made from metal tubes of any desired section, either plain
or fluted lengthwise, the ends 16 that are inserted into the recesses or orifices 17
in the felloes being plain, as shown in Fig. 3, or reduced in section to form a
shoulder 18, as shown in Fig. 7, or flanged, as shown at 19 in Fig. 4, and joined
by brazing or riveting or otherwise to the inner periphery of the felloe 1. The
orifices or recesses 17 formed in the internal periphery may be flanged internally
or externally as shown in Figs. 3 and 5 to facilitate the brazing or welding of the
felloes and spokes together. In some cases the spokes-pass through the bodies
of the felloes I as shown in Fig. 5; and their ends 20 are then made at 21
sufficiently large to fit the holes 22 made in the outer peripheries of the felloes for
the spokes to pass through. The ends of the spokes that form a shoulder 18 may
be round as shown at 23 or of any suitable shape. The ends of the spokes that
enter the recesses or orifices of the felloes or pass therethrough are braxed to the
felloes so as to be rigidly connected therewith.
The nave or hub 24 may (see Figs. 11 and 12) be made from a metallic cylinder,
reduced at either or each end to any suitable shape or diameter, and formed at or
near the centre of its length with a circumferential series of recesses or orifices 26,
corresponding to the ends of the spokes 15 that they are intended to receive. The
spokes, after being inserted, are secured in the said recesses or orifices by brazing
or otherwise.
Naves or hubs may in some cases be metal castings 27 (see Figs. 13 and 14) of the
required configuration and having a number of circumferential orifices 28 with
inwardly projecting flanges 29 formed at or about the centre of their length for
receiving the ends of the spokes. The spokes 15 may be secured in place by means
of wedges 30 driven into the orifices in the nave or hub after the spokes 15 have
been inserted therein, until the ends 31 of the wedges project through or beyond
the inwardly projecting flanges 29 towards the centre of the have; afterwards
molten metal is run into the central portion 32 of the nave or hub so as to secure
the spokes and nave firmly together, and it may at the same time leave a central
passage 33 for the axle.
Other means of securing the spokes 15 to the nave or hub are shown in Figs. 15
and 16. In this case the outer periphery of the central part 34 of the nave is
provided with a number of bosses 35 equal in number to the spokes, the ends of
which are made round as shown at 23 in Fig. 7. The centre of each boss has a
hole or recess 36 formed in it equal in diameter to the external periphery of the
end of the spoke and of the requisite depth. In the centre of each hole or recess 36

page_text: is secured a stud 37 whose outer end 38 projects out of the recess and is tapered so
as to guide the end of the spoke to enter the annular orifice formed by the inner
periphery of the recess and the outer periphery of the stud. The body part of
the stud 37 below the taper end is cylindrical and of the same diameter as the
inside of the round end of the spoke, or it may be slightly larger in diameter so
that when the spokes are pressed into the annular recess, the inside of the spoke
will tightly fit on the body of the stud and press the outside of the spoke against
the peripheral surface of the recess.
Figs. 17 and 18 show the ends of the spokes, which may be of any desired con-
figuration, secured to the nave or hub 24 of the wheel by means of two metallic
plates 37 and 38, which are shaped so as to form a number of radial recesses 39
corresponding to the number of spokes used, the depth of each recess 39 in each
plate 37 or 38 being equal to half the breadth of a spoke, and the width of each
recess being equal to the thickness of a spoke; in the centre of each plate 37
and 38 there is a hole having an outwardly projecting flange 40 which fits and is
secured to the central part of the nave or hub.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. In a metallic wheel for a vehicle a felloe made of one piece of metallic tubing
or sectioned metal or a number of such pieces, which is or are bent to a circular
form and whose ends are butt-jointed, each two adjacent ends being firmly secured
together by means of a ferrule, substantially as described and shown.
2. In a metallic wheel for a vehicle a felloe made from metal of channel-section,
the outer portions of whose flanges are bent over to form a rectangular section
and are then welded or brazed together, substantially as described and shown.
3. In a metallic wheel for a vehicle the combination of a hollow metallic felloe
provided in its outer periphery with one or more annular grooves with a tyre
having one or more annular ribs, substantially as described and shown and for
the purpose specified.
4. in a metallic wheel for a vehicle spokes made from metallic tubing provided
at their ends with shoulders or flanges for securing them to the felloe and nave,
substantially as described.
5. In a metallic wheel for a vehicle, a nave or hub made from a metallic cylinder
reduced at one or each end to any desired configuration and formed at or near the
centre of its length with a number of recesses or orifices in which are inserted
and secured the inner ends of the spokes, substantially as described and shown.
6. In a metallic wheel for a vehicle, a hollow metal hub or nave provided with a
circumferential series of holes or recesses in which are inserted the ends of hollow
metal spokes, wedges inserted in the hub-ends of the spokes to tighten them
against the said hub, and a mass of cast metal inserted in the said hub or nave
and adapted to secure the hub and spokes together, substantially as described and
shown.
7. Metallic wheels for vehicles composed of tubular metallic felloes, tubular
spokes, and metallic naves or hubs all firmly secured together, substantially as
described and shown.
001
1907
W. LLOYD WISE,
46 Lincolns Inn Fields, London, W.C., Chartered Patent Agent.