Improvements in Means for Utilizing the Pressure in Cylinders or Reservoirs Containing Compressed Gases, in the Application and Use of such Gases.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Dec., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 24th Sept., 1894-Accepted, 27th Oct.,-1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Means for Utilizing the Pressure in Cylinders or
Reservoirs Containing Compressed Gases, in the Application and
Use of such Gases.
We THE MANCHESTER OXYGEN (BRIN'S PATENT) COMPANY LIMITED of
Great Marlborough Street, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, and WILLIAM
MORTON JACKSON of the said Company, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
Our said invention relates to improved means whereby the pressure which exists
in the steel cylinders or reservoirs containing compressed oxygen or other gas, may
be utilized in the application of such gases in the arts or manufactures as is well
understood.
An example of such application is to be found in the employment of the
oxy-hydrogen flame, in using which it is necessary to supply oxygen and hydrogen
at a certain pressure to what is known as a mixed jet or burner in which the gases
mix before being burned. The usual, method is to compress the respective gases
into separate cylinders at high pressure from which they are delivered to the jet at
the required pressure, or the oxygen alone is compressed into a cylinder and the
hydrogen is delivered from the gas service pipe into a bag or bolder which is
weighted so as to expel the gas at the required pressure.
Under an invention for which we have made application the 30th of May 1893.
No. 10554 we described means for utilizing the pressure in the oxygen cylinder, by
applying the said pressure to utilize a pump, or blowing or forcing apparatus which
is or would be placed in connection with the gas service pipe so as to draw gas
from the service and deliver it at the required pressure to the mixing jet. We
described one or two of the most obvious gas forcing apparatuses, although not
intending to be tied down to any particular form. Since filing our said former
Specification we have experimented with an injector as a gas drawing and forcing
means, with the most satisfactory results.
Such an injector is not specifically named in the means set forth in the said
former Specification, and as we wish to prevent ourselves from being anticipated in
making a claim for such injector together with the other arrangements set forth, we
have determined to make this application, as a species of caveat, to prevent another
from disputing our inclusion of the injector among our claims in the said former
Application No. 10554. The said injector, which appears at present to be the
most simple and economical means for utilizing the pressure of the oxygen, is of
the ordinary construction. It may be made of any suitable material but for our
purposes we have found glass or combinations of glass and metal to be most useful.
The glass allows of a very fine orifice and gives very smooth surfaces which do not
retard the passage of the gases. The inner or oxygen pressure cone, enters the
mixing cone and the chamber surrounding the oxygen cone has a branch leading to
the hydrogen gas supply. The delivery nozzle is connected to any suitable conduit
for conducting the mixed gases to the mixed jet. The supply of the gases is
regulated by cocks. The oxygen rushing through its cone draws and carries with
it the requisite quantity of hydrogen and by manipulating the cocks the exact
proportions required can be had. Thus by the mere passage of the oxygen through
the injector the hydrogen is laid hold of and hurried, mixed with the oxygen, to
the burner, no actual pumping or forcing mechanism being required. The injector
may be of glass or of metal or of combinations of glass and metal or composition

page_text: and may be fitted with relief or back pressure valves in case of choking or
obstruction.
Dated this 21st day of December 1893
E. K. DUTTON & Co.,
5, John Dalton Street, Manchester, Agents
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Means for Utilizing the Pressure in Cylinders or
Reservoirs Containing Compressed Gases, in the Application and
Use of such Gases.
We THE MANCHESTER OXYGEN (BRIN'S PATENT) COMPANY LIMITED of
Great Marlborough Street, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, and WILLIAM
MORTON JACKSON of the said Company, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement and accompanying
drawings:-
--
Our said invention relates to improved means whereby the pressure which exists
in the steel cylinders or reservoirs containing compressed oxygen or other gas, may
be utilized in the application of such gases in the arts or manufactures as is well
understood.
An example of such application is to be found in the employment of the
oxy-hydrogen flame, in using which it is necessary to supply oxygen and hydrogen
at a certain pressure to what is known as a mixed jet or burner in which the gases
mix before being burned.
The usual method is to compress the respective gases into separate cylinders at
high pressure from which they are delivered to the jet at the required pressure, or
the oxygen alone is compressed into a cylinder and the hydrogen is delivered from
the gas service pipe into a bag or holder which is weighted so as to expel the gas
at the required pressure.
According to our invention we use our injector to force and carry forward the
hydrogen by the pressure of the oxygen. This injector is of the ordinary design
and may be located at any convenient part between the gas reservoirs and the
jet. The position which we consider to be most convenient is in the base of the
mixing chamber of the jet and accordingly in the accompanying sheet of drawings
we have represented the injector as located in this part.
In the accompanying drawings which are made to an enlarged scale.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the mixing chamber of a mixed jet.
Fig. 2 is a plan view with the cap removed.
Fig. 3 is a vertical section of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a horizontal section through the base of the chamber at the line A B
Fig. 3.
The mixing chamber a is in outward appearance the same as the usual mixing
chamber but the base a¹ is so formed as to contain a small injector through which
the pressure of oxygen is blown and by which the hydrogen or coal gas is carried
forward mixed with the oxygen and taken forward to the jet a'. The pressure of
oxygen flows from the reservoir along the pipe 6 which enters the base a'. The
delivery of the oxygen may be controlled by an automatic governor set to deliver at
the required pressure or it may be taken directly from the cylinder. The bydrogen
or coal gas enters the base through the pipe c. The base a¹ is formed as shown in
Fig. 4 with a passage 61 by which the oxygen is led to the chamber d behind the
injector. The passage c' allows the hydrogen to flow into the receiving or mixing
cone e of the injector. . The inner injecting nozzle f has a very fine delivery, and
the surrounding receiving or mixing cone e tapers to a contracted passage el placed
centrally in front of the nozzle, which contracted passage again opens out into the

page_text: passage g, which passage g communicates by means of a hole h with the interior of
the mixing chamber a. The supply of the two gases may be regulated by cocks in
the usual manner.
Working with a mixed jet burner with a nipple of ordinary diameter say about
64 of an inch and using ordinary commercial oxygen, and coal gas from the service
pipe at ordinary pressure, the inner injecting nozzle for the passage of the oxygen
may terminate in a delivery orifice of from to " diameter and the receiving
or mixing cone e may be about internal diameter at its smallest part.
These are useful working dimensions which we have ascertained by careful
practical experiment. It will of course be evident that by increasing the diameter
of the orifice in the nozzle f the power of the injector would be reduced, that is to
say a given quantity of oxygen passing through it in a given time will inject less
coal gas and require less pressure to force it through. Inversely by decreasing the
size of the orifice the power of the injector is increased that is a given quantity of
oxygen passing through it will inject a larger amount of coal gas and require to be
forced through at higher pressure. The dimensions of the cones and jets should be
so adjusted that a slight excess of coal gas over what is required may be injected
into the burner when the oxygen supply is as large as the burner will take. This.
allows the operator a margin for adjusting the quantities of the respective gases.
The coal gas pipe c may be fitted with a back pressure valve of ordinary or
suitable construction to prevent oxygen from finding its way into the service pipe
in case of the outlet becoming obstructed or choked, and the operator forgetting to
turn off the supply.
To prevent the passage of dirt or fine particles which might enter and block up
the injector we place one or more layers of fine metal gauze i over the inlet to the
injector nozzle.
The meshes of the gauze i should be less than the diameter of the outlet of the:
nozzle fand their total area sufficient to allow free passage of the oxygen.
The injector nozzle is easily removable for renewal or repair, through the
passage closed by the screw plug k. In the same manner the passage g is readily
accessible for cleansing or packing purposes by removing the screw plug l. As it
is advisable to silence the action of the injector for lime light effects we pack
the mixing chamber a if necessary with some suitable fibrous or other material
such as asbestos which will cut off or absorb the sound vibrations in the currents
of mixed gases without obstructing their passage. Where the injector is placed
in line with a conduit leading to the jet we might iutroduce between the injector
and the jet, a small chamber made of non-porous material and packed with
asbestos or other suitable sound absorbent.
Although we have described the injector as incorporated with the base of the
ordinary mixing chamber of a mixed jet, we do not confine ourselves to this, as an
injector of the indicated nature and proportions might be placed in another position
between the gas supply and the jet.
In cases where an injector is employed to feed several mixed jet burners, or
a blowpipe provided with a number of small orifices arranged so as to apply the
oxy-hydrogen flame to work of any required shape or dimensions, the diameter of
the orifice of the oxygen supply pipe should be, generally speaking about one
third of the diameter of a circle of an area equal to the total area of the orifices
or jets to be supplied, and the diameter of the receiving or mixing cone should
be at its narrowest part about equal to the diameter of such a circle as aforesaid.
The distance between the injector and the blowpipe burner should in this case be
no longer than is necessary to allow the gases to mix properly before reaching
the burner, and it is not advisable to feed a very large number of jets by one
conduit.
The dimensions of orifices and parts herein before given are intended to be
approximate and we do not confine ourselves to these. Neither do we confine
ourselves to the specific applications of our invention herein before set forth as the
same might be employed for other similar purposes.

page_text: In our Provisional Specification we mention that we had found glass or com-
binations of glass and metal to be useful materials from which to form our
injectors.
However we have since overcome the difficulties we then encountered in making
so fine an injector entirely of metal, and the injector hereinbefore described and
illustrated is of metal throughout. We might however if thought desirable, use
glass or combinations of glass and metal for the purposes of our invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is.
1. As a means for the utilization of the pressure in cylinders or reservoirs of
compressed oxygen in producing the oxy-hydrogen flame, or for blow pipe or
other purposes, the employment of an injector of the indicated nature and pro-
portions through which the oxygen or other gas pressure from the cylinder or
reservoir is passed, and into which coal or other gas is drawn and forced forward
and mixed and delivered at suitable pressures for the indicated or other objects
substantially as herein before described and illustrated.
2. The combination and application of an injector for the indicated purposes with
and to the base of the mixing chamber of a mixed jet, substantially as described
and as illustrated in the annexed sheet of drawings.
3. The general arrangement and combination of mixing chamber having its base
or lower part formed with an injector and containing a packing of asbestos or other
Bound absorbing material substantially as described and as illustrated.
4. In conjunction with an injector of the indicated nature and for the described
purposes, a chamber or section of non-porous material packed with asbestos or the
like and placed between the injector and the jet or other point of consumption and
intended to absorb or deaden sound vibrations in the gas current substantially as
hereinbefore described.
'
5. In conjunction with an injector of the indicated nature and for the described
purposes, the employment of fine wire gauze or other suitable material as a filtering
medium at the inlet of the injector to prevent the passage of particles of matter
which might enter and obstruct the fine orifice of the injector nozzle.
Dated this 22nd day of September 1904
E. K. DUTTON & Co.,
5, John Dalton Street, Manchester, Agents.