Improvements in and connected with Oil, Gas, or Vapor Burners for Heating Purposes, and in Heating Stoves or Ranges employed therewith.
Year: 1894

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Oil, Gas, or Vapor Burners for
Heating Purposes, and in Heating Stoves or Ranges employed
therewith.
I, FRANK RICHARD FENNESSY, Manufacturer, of No. 318 West 116th Street,
New York City, New York, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement, that is to say :-
This invention relates to oil, gas or vapor burners adapted for heating purposes,
and embraces novel features in heating stoves, the burners therefor, the oil
reservoir for supplying oil to the burner, the wick for the burner, and many
details of construction all as fully described and illustrated in the drawings.
In said drawings:
:-
Figure 1 shows the invention with a heating stove in vertical section; Figure 2
is a horizontal section of a modification, Fig. 3 is a vertical section thereof; and
Figure 4 is a detail of the water coil.
Fig. 5 shows a section of the oil reservoir and the burner; and Figs. 6 and 7 are
details of the reservoir valve in changed positions.
Figs. 8 and 9 are side and top views respectively of the mineral wick.
Figs. 10, 11 and 12 are side, end and top views respectively of a modified form
of the wick; Figs. 13 and 14 are perspective views of modifications thereof.
Figs. 15, 16, 17 and 18 are enlarged sections of different parts of the burner
shown in Fig. 5; and Fig. 19 is a cross section.
Figs. 20, 21 and 22 are an elevation, horizontal and vertical sections respectively
of a valve for cutting off and removing the oil from the burner.
Figs. 23 and 24 are a vertical and horizontal section respectively of a modification
of the burner, Figs. 25, 26 and 27 are enlarged sections of parts thereof; Fig. 28
is a perspective view of the mineral wick and holder; and Fig. 29 is a horizontal
section of an oval burner with another mode of supporting the wick.
Fig. 30 is a section of a modified form of burner for gas or vapor; Figs. 31, 32
and 33 are enlarged sections of parts thereof; Fig. 34 a horizontal section thereof;
Fig. 35 is another modification, and Fig. 36 a cross section.
The same reference numerals indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.
The improved burner 3 is arranged for use in stoves or ranges already in use, as
in Fig. 1, by removing from its fire box 1 the fire brick lining, grate bars and
preferably the water-back 2ª or 2b, and using a perforated plate 4 resting on
ledges 7 above the ash pit 6 to support the burner, thereby utilizing the fire brick
ledges. The stove has a damper 14 for directing the flame around the oven down
passage 24, along passage 20 and into the flue by a valve opening 17, or up
passage 21 to the top of the oven and into the flue 16 through opening 15; or,
damper 14 is changed to the dotted position to direct the flame directly over the
oven to the flue. A broiler for broiling meats inay be formed by perforating
the top of the oven and arranging a damper 18 to open or close perforations 19 to
the meat directly to the flame.
expose
the
The stove, Figs. 2 and 3, has a central fire-box 1 with two burners 3, one oven
on each side of the burners. The top flue for the flames has partial partition 25, 26,
and longitudinal partitions 27, and the side flues a vertical partition 28, thereby

page_text: causing the flame from each burner to project in opposite directions, over part of
the oven down the side and thence up over the other part of the oven to the flue 16.
When the stove water-back is removed its function may be supplied by a water
coil 2, Figs. 1 and 4, connected to the boiler B and supported over the burner
flame. This coil may thus support a perforated shallow pan 10 containing a
quantity of kaolin or fire clay to become heated to incandescence and store a large
amount of heat directly beneath the stove top.
On
The burner 3 adapted for use in this stove, consists of a hollow base 41, Fig. 5,
having legs 47, one serving to connect the supply pipe 8 with the hollow base.
the flanges 34, 35, are tightly seated a pair of removable rings 40, 50, (Figs. 5, 15
to 19), the latter carrying a perforated interior cylinder 31 with a cap 32 and
lifting eye 33, and the former carrying a perforated exterior cylinder 30, its
perforations larger than in the other cylinder, with a contracting dome 45 sup-
porting at its top by legs 37 a perforated plate 36 to support articles above the
burner and shield and deflect the flame. The exterior cylinder has a door 44 to
permit the gas or vapor to be ignited; the annular flame rising in the space
between the two cylinders. Around the flanges are formed oil receiving
gutters 42, 43, to catch overflowing oil and lead it back to the base through
passages 46.
The base has at its center a perforated plate 38 to divide the air
passing to the interior of the cylinder 31.
When the burner is used separate from a stove an exterior flame guard 51,
Figs. 5 and 19, is used, having a door 54 leading to the door 44 and supported by
a perforated base 49; and also an upper guard 52 held by lugs 53 on the flange of
the dome 45, with a space between the two ends of the guards for air to pass to the
exterior cylinder.
The oil supplied to the burner is contained by a reservoir a, Fig. 5, having a
lower chamber b from which the pipe 8 leads. This chamber has a large float d
secured to the lower end of a stem d having a handle d' at its end. The stem has
two valves i, ¹, to rest on seats e¹, e², in a casting e fastened to the base, and
carrying a bar 3 to guide the stem. The valve i is loose on the stem and is held
by a spring against a shoulder on said stem. When the oil in chamber b is at its
proper height the float holds the valve i closed so that no oil can pass into the
chamber. When the burner is to be ignited oil is forced up into the wick to
render it easily ignited by depressing the float through the handle d², the valve i
closing against its seating (Fig. 7) to hold the oil in the reservoir, and its spring 2
allowing the float to be pushed down to its limit. To feed oil froin the reservoir
to the chamber the handle d2 is supported by a movable rest at the top a¹ which
holds the valves i, i, from their seats (Fig. 6); as soon as the oil raises the float
the valve closes against its seat and the rest falls away from the handle, the air
being vented by a vent pipe h. The height of oil in the reservoir is indicated by
the projecting end of a rod g having a float g moving in a tube g¹; the cap g³ may
be removed to refill the reservoir.
The mineral wick j consists preferably of a number of bunches of mica strips,
Figs. 8 and 9, bound together in wick form by wires j¹ with perforations at the
top of the strips. For a flat wick, Figs. 10 to 12, flat mica strips are bound
together by wire loops j", the upper edges of the strips having slits and cut-away
top ends with perforations 12, such a wick being used with a tube k and raised or
lowered by a star-wheel k¹. Preferably the wick is formed by separate bunches of
mica strips, Figs. 13, 14 and 28, each bunch tied loosely by a staple j*, or held by
a four sided carriers, having an ear jo, to hold the strips in place or held by a
U-shaped carrier with flanges to rest on top of the base 41 with the bunches
extending into the oil chamber 48 of the base, Fig. 27. The wick of Fig. 13 is
shown in place in Fig. 17, and the wick of Fig. 14 is shown in Fig. 18, in the latter
the carriers j³ are carried by a perforated holder 55. In use the oil has free access
to the thin spaces between the mica strips and their laminæ allowing it to pass
upward to the top of the bunches by capillary attraction. The use of the mineral
wick renders it indestructible and never necessary to trim.

page_text: Where it is desired to cut off the supply of oil from the burner, the pipe 8,
Figs. 20 to 22, will have a valve 68 therein. The improved valve has a secondary
passage 72 in its stem, which, when the valve is closed opens a passage from the
burner to a hollow valve handle 70 then moved to the dotted lines position Fig. 20,
serving as a chamber to receive all the oil from the burner, the air being vented by
a pipe 71.
In this manner the reservoir is cut off and the oil is immediately
removed from the wick so that the flame will go out, thus dispensing with means for
lowering the wick to extinguish the flame.
In Figs. 23 to 27 the oil pipe 8 leads to a central boss from which radiate down-
wardly inclined tubes 8ª leading oil to the chambered base 41 at the side and bottom
of the wick; the oil being fed to the top of the pipe 8 where it overflows and passes
down the inclined tubes. As the heat from the burner is great enough to form a
large quantity of vapor, the burner is provided with a supplementary burner 64
leading from a vapor receiving chamber 63 communicating with the boss above the
pipe 8. From the burner there leads a chimney 65 having air openings 66 by which
an Argand flame is produced. This improvement thus utilizes the vapor formed by
the heat of the usual burner at an additional burner increasing the heating capacity.
When the main burner is not ignited, vapor may be generated for the burner 64
by burning a small quantity of oil in a shallow dish 67 around the pipe 8 below the
tubes 8". The chimney 65 extends through the top plate 32 and this plate supports
a flame deflector 61 and the dome 45 turns the spreaded flame inwardly.
As shown in Fig. 30, the plate 32 is with the interior cylinder 31 held by a
bolt 60 tapped into the central boss of the distributing tubes 8; and this plate is
perforated at m serving as a burner jet for burning the vapor rising from the wick
on the inner side of the cylinder 31. The perforated plate 36 may be extended
to form a tray 10 to support a quantity of kaolin to become heated as before
described.
The burner instead of being round may be oval, as shown in Fig. 29, and the
bunches of mica strips j forming the wick may be held in pockets formed by
separating plates 1³.
Where the burner is intended to burn vapor or gas the structure shown in
Figs. 31 to 34 may be used. It differs from that previously described in forming a
burner jet 56 by oppositely extending flanges 61, 62, projecting from the
rings 40, 50; the oil receiving gutters being omitted. The supply pipe 8 enters by
a central boss from which lead distributing tubes 8ª communicating with the
chambered base as in Fig. 30.
Instead of making the chambered base 41 of a single casting as before shown it
may be of separate pieces as in Fig. 35. Thus the base ring 41ª carries an inner
vertical ring 40ª and an outer ring 50% with an upper perforated jet or burner
ring 57, Fig. 36, resting on flanges on the two vertical rings and the whole secured
by bolts 58 to the base ring. The inner cylinder 31 extends from a flange of the
inner ring and the outer cylinder 30 from a flange of the outer ring; the top
plate 32 and cylinder being held in place by a central bolt 60) secured to a cross
piece 59.
The improvements provide an exceedingly efficient and simple construction of
great heat producing qualities with marked economy of fuel.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A stove or range having an oil, gas, or vapor burner supported in its fire-box;
a broiler over the oven controlled by a valved plate and a water coil above the
burner supporting a mass of kaolin, substantially as described.
2. An oil, gas, or vapor burner, provided with an oil reservoir having a float and
valve to automatically control the feed of oil to the burner, substantially as
described.
3. In an oil, gas, or vapor burner, the oil chamber 48, and the exterior and

page_text: interior perforated cylinders, 30 and 31, the perforations of the exterior cylinder
being larger than those in the interior cylinder, substantially as described.
4. In an oil, gas, or vapor burner the use of detachable rings 40, 50, carrying the
exterior and interior perforated cylinders, 30 and 30, substantially as described.
5. In an oil, gas or vapor burner, the combination of the cylinders 30, 31, with
the upper perforated plate 36, substantially as described.
6. In an oil, gas, or vapor burner of the kind herein referred to the use of the
upper burner jets m, substantially as and for the purpose described.
7. In an oil, gas, or vapor burner of the kind herein referred to the use of an
additional Argand burner for using the vapor generated from the oil supply,
substantially as described.
8. The improved wick for oil burners consisting of a bunch of mineral strips held
together, substantially as described.
9. In combination with the supply pipe to an oil burner the valve and chamber
to withdraw the oil from the burner, arranged and operating substantially as
described with reference to Figures 20, 21 and 22 of the drawings.
10. The improved burner having a supply pipe and downwardly inclined
distributing tubes leading to the oil chamber of the burner, substantially as
described with reference to Figures 23 and 27 of the drawings.
day December
F. R. FENNESSY,
Per W. H. Beck,
115, Cannon Street, London, Agent.