matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED SELF-ACTING VENT PEG OR VALVE
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Davis at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
January 1872.
I, WILLIAM DAVIS, of 25, Lancaster Road, Great Yarmouth, in the
County of Norfolk, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED SELF-ACTING VENT PEG OR VALVE," to be as
follows:-
―
This Invention relates to an improved self-acting vent peg for fitting
into beer, wine, and other liquid casks and vessels to regulate the flow
of the liquid therefrom, the valve or vent being so constructed that
it opens automatically to admit air in proportion to the amount of
vacuum formed and again closes under the action of a spring. The
peg has a perforated top and is provided with a valve for pressing
against the apertures under the action of a spring encircling the stem,
the upper part of the stem is threaded for a threaded nut to be adjusted
according to the quality or density of the liquid and the amount of air
necessary to be admitted to the vessel at each draw off.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WHEEL CARRIAGES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Franz Blumberg at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
January 1872.-A communication from abroad by Thomas Greenhill,
of Vienna, in the Empire of Austria.
I, FRANZ BLUMBERG, of Martin's Lane, Cannon Street, in the City
of London, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WHEEL CARRIAGES," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to dispense with the use of the
ordinary axletrees, and to use in place thereof a strong iron frame
on and in which the body of the vehicle or cabriolet is suspended
on springs at three separate points. The carriage is mounted upon
two wheels and will carry four persons and will require only one horse.
The passengers enter and alight at the back part of the vehicle.
The Invention is applicable to carts, waggons, and vehicles for carry-
ing merchandize, the facility of loading and unloading being very great
and the labor of men and horses much reduced.
The essential feature of the Invention is the substitution of a strong

page_text: iron frame with shafts and arms embodied in one structure of a total
length of about 12 feet. The body of the cab is suspended on three
springs at three points. These springs being fixed at two points one at
each side and at the hinder end of the frame and at a third and centre
point in front. These three points of suspension carry the cab in the
iron frame with its four passengers and driver. The bottom of the body
of the cab being only fourteen inches from the surface of the road the
passengers enter and alight at the back part by a low step. Iron arms
are forged as part of the frame which is strengthened by an iron bracing
and an iron plate perforated, placed under the driver's seat as well, and
which may also be used to carry luggage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SCHOOL DESKS, AND APPLICABLE TO OTHER USES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Mence Hammer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th October 1872.
I, GEORGE MENCE HAMMER, of 108, St. Martin's Lane, London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF SCHOOL DESKS, AND APPLICABLE TO OTHER USES," to be as
follows:-
The front edge of the desk is fixed in perpendicular line with the
edge of the seat. In order to allow the pupils to pass between the
desk and seat the front part or flap of the desk is made to turn up,
and to obviate the necessity of loose brackets the flap which turns up
is provided with a fixed metal or wood bracket.
An alternative method consists in making the hinged edge of the
flap thicker than the outer edge, by which means it forms its own
bracket.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PISTONS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph White at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
November 1872.
I, JOSEPH WHITE, of Barcelona, in the Kingdom of Spain, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PISTONS," to be as follows:
This Invention has for its object improvements in pistons. For this
purpose I form on the periphery of the cast block or body of the piston
several annular grooves (four is the number which I commonly employ),
and into each groove I insert an eccentric spring ring of the same
width as the groove. The rings are split at the thinnest part, and these
divisions in the several rings are arranged at equal distances around
the piston.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES APPLICABLE TO USE ON THE OVERFLOW PIPES OF WATER AND OTHER CISTERNS OR VESSELS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Cochran at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th April
1872.
I, JOHN COCHRAN, of Lyonsdown Villa, New Barnet, in the County
of Hertford, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES APPLICABLE TO USE ON THE OVERFLOW PIPES OF WATER
AND OTHER CISTERNS OR VESSELS," to be as follows:-
My Invention has especially for object the prevention of the escape
of sewer gases from the overflow pipes of water cisterns, when such
overflow pipes are not in action; for this purpose I employ a self-acting
valve in connection with the overflow pipe, so arranged and adapted
that on the water in the cistern rising above a certain height it shall
act upon a float connected with the said valve, causing it to open and
thus allow the surplus water to flow off over the edge of the overflow
pipe. As soon as the water in the cistern shall have fallen to the
required level, the float attached to the valve will have allowed the
latter to close or nearly so. One or more apertures of suitable size and
position formed in the valve case will then allow a further quantity of
water to enter from the cistern into the interior of the valve case above

page_text: the said valve, closing it completely if not fully closed before, forming a
water seal over it, and supplying a supplementary weight to keep the
valve closed at all times when the overflow pipe is not in action, whether
the level of the water be lowered below its normal position or not. This
apparatus is also applicable in other cases where it is necessary or
desirable to maintain a nearly uniform level of liquid without employing
an open overflow pipe.
Ax IMPROVED SOFA OR BOX OTTOMAN
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Oscar Gilsow at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th December
1872.
I, OSCAR GILSOW, 65, Vauxhall Bridge Road, Pimlico, London, S.W.
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Ax
IMPROVED SOFA OR BOX OTTOMAN," to be as follows:-
This sofa or box ottoman is so constructed that when required as a bed
the back can be lowered level with the seat on hinges, and is supported
on twoo legs fastened outside on back with hinges. The seat and back of
the said sofa or box ottoman is spring stuffed, and where the back joins
the seat are spring edges. The left hand scroll facing the sofa contains
inside a smaller scroll, head, or pillow rest, it slides in and out as
required; when out it is supported or rests on the lowered back and
fastened on same by a bolt. The right hand scroll facing the sofa is
moveable on hinges, and falls over to give the required size of bed above
mentioned.
The sofa or box ottoman is very easy converted into a bed, it avoids
the unsightly blank her hanging under cont and the camowal

page_text: common use now. If the sofa be intended as a box ottoman the seat
will be moveable forward, stopped by twoo bolts, so far, when upright to
clear the back and allow access to the box.
The measurement of the sofa or box ottoman as described herein are
full size as follows:-Lenght, seven feet three inches; width, twoo feet t
six inches; as a bed, lenght six feet; width, four feet six inches, but can
be adapted to any size.
IM- TO STEAM BOILERS AND IN PROVEMENTS IN HEATING FEED WATER SUPPLIED GENERATING STEAM
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nicholas Thomas at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on. the 2nd
August 1872.
I, NICHOLAS THOMAS, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North.
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IM-
TO STEAM BOILERS AND IN
PROVEMENTS IN HEATING FEED WATER SUPPLIED
GENERATING STEAM," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object in the first place to heat the water
fed to steam boilers before entering them, and it is carried into practice
by placing the pipes through which the water passes within the flues or
spaces through which the smoke and products of combustion pass, so
that the waste heat contained in the smoke and products of combustion
is given up to the water on its way to the steam boiler.
By means of this arrangement the water is supplied in a highly heated
or boiling state previous to entering the boiler, so that the heat is not
withdrawn from the boiler, as is the case when supplied with cold
feed water.

page_text: These improvements are applicable both to high and low pressure
steam vessels.
In carrying out these improvements the boilers are encased with
iron or other substance, so as to form a space outside the boiler or
chimney or both, which may be subdivided or not, within which the
pipes are fixed, or the pipes may also be carried within the funnel or
chimney.
In the second place the said pipes may also be used for generating
steam, or more than one set of such pipes may be employed, one or
more of which pipes may be used for heating the feed water, the
remainder being used for generating steam.
A NEW OR IMPROVED INSTRUMENT OR APPLIANCE FOR ADMINIS- TERING BALLS AND OTHER MEDICINES TO HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Arnold at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
March 1872.
I, JAMES ARNOLD, of West Smithfield, in the County of Middlesex,
Surgical Instrument Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED INSTRUMENT OR APPLIANCE FOR ADMINIS-
TERING BALLS AND OTHER MEDICINES TO HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS," to be
as follows:
·
My new or improved instrument for administering balls and other
medicines to horses and other animals consists of a tube with a packed
piston and a rod, the former serving as a guide to the latter. The tube
terminates in a bell mouth, or is made bell mouthed or enlarged at one
end, and into the bell mouth or enlarged portion I insert a mouth piece
made of some flexible material such as india-rubber, and which is
screwed or otherwise attached thereto. The piston rod carries at the
mouth piece end of the tube a button, the diameter of which corre-
sponds as nearly as possible with that of the mouth piece. The piston
rod is moved by a finger or thumb piece at the other end of the tube,

page_text: and in this way the button in the flexible mouth is moved backwards
and forwards. To hold the instrument I connect a handle which may
be pistol shaped or otherwise, and a hook or other appliance to steady
it. To use the instrument draw back the piston and place the ball or
other medicine on the button, insert the flexible mouth piece in the
mouth of the animal, push the piston forward and the ball is admi-
nistered without any noise being made by the motion of the rod through
the tube, and owing to the flexible nature of the mouth piece it is easily
adjusted and does not hurt the animal's mouth.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL WIRE
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th October 1872.-A communication from abroad by Diedrich
Hermann Rump, of Altena, Westphalia, Prussia.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL WIRE," to be as follows:-
It is well known that in the act of drawing down iron and steel wire,
the metal becomes so hard as to require frequent annealing to bring it
back to a proper state for further drawing. At every annealing a scale
is formed upon the wire, and this scale requires to be removed before
the wire is returned to the draw bench. The formation of the scale is
due to the exposure of the heated metal to the action of the atmosphere,
and the removal of the scale is effected by immersing the coils of wire
in a bath of "pickle" (dilute of sulphuric acid). Now the object of this
Invention is to prevent the formation of scale which wastes the metal,
and to prevent the necessity for the use of the bath of pickle.

page_text: The improvement consists in the use of a substance that will protect
the wire from oxidation, and will admit of being readily removed by
simple washing with water. After numerous and costly experiments, it
has been proved that the substance known as chloride of calcium
fulfils the conditions above indicated. In applying the chloride of
calcium it is heated to bring it to a liquid state, and the wire that is
intended to be protected from the oxidizing action of the atmosphere is
immersed in the bath, whereby it will become coated with the substanco
which having itself a great affinity for moisture will effectually protect
the metal when in a heated state from the action of the atmosphere.
The removal of this coating preparatory to the redrawing of the wire
is to be effected by washing in water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING BLAST FOR BLAST FURNACES, AND IN GENERATING STEAM, AND IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Cuninghame Montgomeric
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 10th January 1872.
I, JOHN CUNINGHAME MONTGOMERIE, of Lessnessoch, in the County
of Ayr, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING BLAST FOR BLAST FURNACES, AND IN
GENERATING STEAM, AND IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR,” to
be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention, which relates to improved means, apparatus, or
arrangements for utilizing the waste heat of blast furnaces in order
that the same may heat the blast used therein and generate steam
in boilers for driving the blowing engines, or for performing other
operations which are carried on in iron works and foundries, consists
in covering over the top of the throat with a dome-shaped casing having
at the sides thereof one or more branches leading to boilers provided
with spiral tubes running through the same. At the interior of the
dome-shaped casing a set of winding, transverse or inclined pipes are
situated, one termination of which is in communication with the blast
engine, and the other with the blast main connected with the twyers.

page_text: These pipes are acted upon by the waste heat, flame, and gases escaping
from the materials smelting or melting in the furnace, and the blast
passing through them thereby becomes heated.
The dome is provided with a damper to allow any surplus of heat
and gases or flame to escape when required. The charging holes are
provided with doors or hoppers to prevent the escape of flame whilst
charging the materials.
AN IMPROVED CLAW WRENCH FOR SCREWING GAS PIPES, AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Steele at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
January 1872.
I, JAMES STEELE, of Sparkbrook, in the County of Warwick, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
CLAW WRENCH FOR SCREWING GAS PIPES, AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES,"
to be as follows :-
The object of this Invention is sufficiently explained in the title.
Usually there have been employed for the purposes named a pair of
tongs which, upon being opened, receive between their jaws the gas pipe
or other material requiring to be screwed. The disadvantage of this
method of screwing pipes, has been that a different pair of tongs has
been required for every different sized pipe. Now by my Invention I
construct a claw wrench in which the jaws do not open or close but are
permanently decided in shape and size, and consist indeed in a taper or
wedge shaped opening or groove being formed in the head of the spanner
or wrench, one side of these fixed jaws baving a plain surface and the other
having teeth cut on its surface in order to afford the necessary grip or

page_text: hold for the material when placed between the said jaws, and by reason
of the said jaws being tapered from the inside outwards any of the
usual size pipes can be received into and screwed by a single wrench
made according to my Invention.
It will be perceived also that the jaws of the said wrench being t
permanently decided in shape and size and not being allowed to open
and close, a much greater leverage can be necessarily got to bear upon
the material operated upon than could be obtained by means of a pair
of tongs which are made to open and close.
ין
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GINNING COTTON
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Dobson, Thomas
Henry Rushton, and William Dobson at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 31st January
1872.
We, BENJAMIN DOBSON, THOMAS HENRY RUSHTON, and WILLIAM
DOBSON, all of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Makers,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR GINNING COTTON," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in certain improvements upon the machinery
for which Letters Patent were granted to Christopher Brakell, William
Hoehl, and William Gunther, on the 23rd day of January 1865, No. 191.
In the Specification of the said Patent a cotton gin is described
consisting principally of a knife roller, a delivering roller, and a doctor
knife. Now our Invention consists in certain improved modes of
constructing the said parts of cotton gins. The knife roller, which
consists of a number of plates or washers placed diagonally on a roller,
we now make with pins or studs projecting between the plates or
washers, the angle of which is considerably greater than heretofore;

page_text: these pins or studs take hold of the cotton and present it to the
delivering roller, and the increased angle of the plates or washers causes
the cotton to traverse to and fro to the desired extent.
Our improvement in the delivering roller consists in placing the discs
of leather of which it is composed diagonally on the axle, instead of at 5
right angles as heretofore, or instead of covering a roller with strips
of leather placed diagonally or spirally the joints of these diagonal
leather discs being harder than the other parts produce slight ridges
which are set in the opposite direction to that of the plates or washers
on the knife roller, thereby increasing the traversing and stripping 1
action on the cotton and the production of the machine.
Our improvement in the doctor knife consists in the application of
regulating screws to the back or frame to which the doctor knife is
fixed, whereby the position of the doctor knife, which is placed below
the rollers, can be regulated with greater accuracy and ease, and without 1
stopping the machine.
AN IMPROVED KALEIDOSCOPE
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th November 1872.-A communication from abroad by Walter
Woodbury, of the State of New York, United States of America.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co.,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED KALEIDOSCOPE," a com-
munication, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved kaleidoscope, wherein the
Figures produced are more beautiful, and the variety of combinations is
much greater than those hitherto obtained in these instruments. The
ordinary construction of these instruments and the effects produced by
their manipulation are well known, and my improved instrument is
based upon the same principle as ordinary kaleidoscopes, yet differs
therefrom in various respects as will appear from the following de-
scription.
The general construction of the kaleidoscope is as follows:-
:-Two
mirrors joined together at one edge and inclined to each other are placed
within a tube. At one end of the said tube are two glass discs, between

page_text: which are placed coloured diaphanous substances such as broken glass
and beads which move freely and change their position as the tube is
turned around in the hand. At the other end of the said tube is an eye-
hole. The coloured substances are multiplied by the reflections in the
mirrors, and as the instrument is turned they present an almost endless
variety of combinations, each of which forms a symmetrical image.
In my improved kaleidoscope the glass discs are fitted in a separate
revolving piece or head, so that the changes of the instrument are
effected by simply turning this revolving piece while the body of the
instrument is kept stationary. The result of this construction is that
any figure presented by the instrument can be retained so that it may
be seen by any number of persons, and time will be afforded for copying
the same if desired. This revolving piece may be provided with small
projections or may be milled on the rim to facilitate its adjustment. And
to make the instrument more convenient and controllable I provide it
with a stand whereon it is supported with much greater steadiness than
would be possible by the hand. This stand may be of any suitable form
or height; and if desired the instrument may be formed with a pivot
whercon it may be adjusted without moving the stand.
And instead of pieces of coloured glass and the like I place between
the aforesaid glass discs, gems, or stones, and similar substances whose
varieties of colour and irridiscence give great beauty to the figures
presented by the instrument. I also use small glass tubes filled with
liquids of various colours. These tubes containing the coloured liquids
produce an effect altogether novel and unattainable with the ordinary
kaleidoscopes, as the liquid moves in the tubes and causes a gradual
change of colour in parts of the figure, while the form of the figure
remains unchanged.
IMPROVEMENTS IN Looms FOR WEAVING
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Richardson Turtle Mul-
holland at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 27th August 1872.
I, JOSEPH RICHARDSON TURTLE MULHOLLAND, of Belfast, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN Looms
FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
"
These improvements consist of a new arrangement for moving the
shuttle across the warp, the object being to propel the shuttle con-
tinuously during its passage across the loom, with the least possible
amount of action on the warp yarn, or misplacement of the warp threads
crosswise. To effect this there is placed in the top side of the shuttle
one or more pullies or rollers, which project slightly above it, and it is
by these projections that the shuttle is driven across the loom by what I
call the "shuttle driver" which consists of a sliding frame or piece that
is moved to and fro across the loom by suitable mechanism, and is
carried by a groove or slide attached to the handrail of the loom. The
"shuttle driver" has one or more pulleys or projections on its under
side, these projections, or projection, depress a flexible band of some

page_text: "
suitable material that is stretched across the loom, and being fastened at
each end of the lay or shuttle raceway it has no motion across the warp
thread; the wavelike depression formed in this band by the projection
or projections on the "shuttle driver comes in contact with the upper
part of the warp threads, and forms a similar depression or wave in it,
and the under side of this wave in the upper part of the warp comes into
contact with the pulley or pullies in the upper side of the shuttle, and
so moves the shuttle along as the "shuttle driver." is traversed across the
handrail. When the shuttle is not in the shed or opening of the warp
the under side of the flexible band is the part in contact with the pulley
or pullies of the shuttle for the purpose of moving it. By these means
there is the least possible displacement of the warp threads, as the
intervening band, which is the peculiar characteristic of this Invention,
communicates no motion crosswise to the warp threads, but simply a
vertical motion as the wave or depression in it is moved from side to
side by the passage of the
"shuttle driver."
The shuttle driver is moved across the loom by any suitable
mechanism, the simplicity, lightness, and fewness of its parts admits of
it being moved at a high speed if required.
.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN LIEU OF A COFFERDAM IN LAYING FOUNDATIONS UNDER WATER, AND FOR EXCLUDING WATER FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Napier at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd July
1872.
I, JOHN NAPIER, of No. 10, Argyle Street, Regent Street, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "
'IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN LIEU OF A COFFERDAM IN
LAYING FOUNDATIONS UNDER WATER, AND FOR EXCLUDING WATER FOR OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus to be used
in lieu of a cofferdam in laying foundations under water, and for
excluding water for other purposes.
The apparatus consists of a pontoon with an opening in the centre
surrounded by water-tight compartments which, when empty, give
sufficient buoyancy to the apparatus to enable it to be floated to the
place where it is to be used, and to be removed after use.
On the bottom of the pontoon around the centre opening, a keel like
ridge is formed which is sharp at its lower edge. The pontoon having

page_text: been floated in shallow water to the place where it is required for use is
allowed to settle down until it rests on the bottom, and the sharp keel
then penetrates to a sufficient depth to cut off all communication
between the exterior water and the space inclosed by the pontoon. If
it be necessary in order to cause the keel to penetrate to a sufficient
depth the compartments around the central opening may be filled with
water.
The keel should be of sufficient strength to sustain the whole weight
of the structure when thus loaded. Pumps are provided to pump out
the water from the space enclosed by the pontoon, and the same pumps
may be employed if necessary for filling and emptying the compartments
of the pontoon. Where there is a sufficient tide the water can be run
out and will not require pumping.
In some cases I make the pontoon three sided so that when a portion
of a wall has been built up within it it may be floated off lengthways to
a sufficient distance to enable the work to be continued, whereas other-
wise the work must not be carried so high as to prevent the pontoon
being floated away over the top of the work. The sides of the pontoon
are firmly braced together by girders which if desired may be movable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Heinrich Kernaul at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 12th December 1872.
I, MICHAEL HEINRICH KERNAUL, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of
Prussia, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows :―
My Invention has for its object to apply a tension to the thread of the
revolving spool of the Wheeler and Wilson sewing machine and
machines of similar construction in which such revolving spools are
employed. For this purpose I provide the spool with a radial arm,
the outer end of which has an eye through which the thread of the
spool passes, while the inner end is formed with a hollow cylindrical
boss fitting into the central hole of the spool, and having a coned
shoulder bearing' against the bevilled or countersunk edge of the hole.
This boss is open at the outer end and has a square opening in its inner
end, through which fits a square projection on a nut, which bears with a
coned shoulder against the bevilled edge on the other side of the hole
of the spool. This nut has a screwed hole formed right through it,

page_text: and a screw fitting with a circular head into the open end of the before
mentioned boss is screwed into the square projection of the nut.
Between the head of the screw and the bottom surface of the hollow
boss is introduced a helical spring, so that by screwing up the screw
more or less the boss and the nut are caused by the action of the spring
to bear with greater or less pressure against the bevilled edges of the
hole of the spool. As the arm is held stationary by the thread passing
through its eye and by a notch in the slide ring while the spool revolves,
it will be seen that by the above described action the spool may be made
to turn with more or less friction between the bearing surfaces of the
boss of the arm and of the nut, and thus a greater or less tension may be
put upon the thread of the spool.
To enable the thread to be wound upon the spool I provide a socket
which is fitted on to the winding spindle of the machine, and which has
at its outer end a screw on to which the spool is screwed by means of
the hole in the before mentioned nut. The socket is formed with a
projecting rim round its screw, of such a diameter that when the spool is
screwed on, the rim is made to bear against the surface of the spool, and
not upon the nut, by which means the spool can be screwed tightly on
to the socket.
The above described device for applying a tension to the spool thread
is readily applicable to all existing machines, the slide ring requiring
merely to have a recess formed in it at the point where the arm of the
spool fits against it.
By applying a tension to the spool thread according to my before
described Invention, I am enabled to apply a greater tension to the
upper thread than is possible with the machines of present construction,
and thus a tighter and neater stitch is obtained and the machine is better
adapted for sewing heavy fabrics.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Keighley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
September 1872.
I, GEORGE KEIGHLEY, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster,
Machine Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to such looms as are fitted with rotating or
oscillating shuttle boxes, and has for its object in the first place to
increase the certainty of action of the parts which give motion to such
shuttle boxes. For this purpose a spur wheel is fixed on the axis of
the shuttle box or is connected therewith, and motion is imparted to
the said wheel by means of two racks. The said racks are actuated by
a lever, the motion of which is governed by the jacquard by means
of the ordinary vibrating bar and catches, a fixed stop preventing the
said catches from being lifted too high. The said racks are thrown in
and out of gear by means of a sliding cam plate which gives motion to
two slides which are connected with the said racks. The shuttle box
is or may be retained in the required position by means of a sliding
catch, which enters notches in a disc fixed on the shuttle box axis.

page_text: In a modification of this arrangement the racks remain in gear with
the said spur wheel, and are worked by a lever on which are mounted
the back catches which are formed with notches or teeth, which are
put in and out of gear with a bar or lever worked by the jacquard.
A further part of my Invention relates to looms adapted to weave
handkerchiefs or other goods which are woven with a border or with a
pattern, one part of which is the reverso of the other part. I give
motion to the card cylinder by means of two catches, one catch moving
the cylinder in one direction, the other catch moving the cylinder in
the other direction. The said catches are thrown in and out of gear
by means of a sliding bar which is actuated by a slowly revolving
tappit or scroll, which is preferably driven by a worm and worm wheel.
During the weaving of the central plain portion the shuttle box motion
is out of gear, but when one border is to be woven the shuttle box
motion is thrown into gear, and one of the said catches rotates the card
cylinder in one direction. When the next border is to be woven the
said catch is thrown out of gear, and the other catch is allowed to
gear, and the direction of motion of the card cylinder is reversed.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF LIFE BUOY
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Le-Breton Bedwell
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 25th May 1872.
I, FREDERICK LE-BRETON BEDWELL, of Croydon, in the County of
Surrey, Paymaster in the Royal Navy, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF LIFE BUOY," to be as
follows:-
This improved life buoy may be described as consisting of a rigid
framework, which connects together two or more floats that serve to
give it the requisite buoyancy. These floats may be made of cork or
thin metal, and may be spherical, cylindrical, or of other approved form.
Within the framework netting is secured to form a seat. If required,
this buoy may be fitted with one or two fuze tubes by pivotting the
same near their lower ends to the outside of the floats. The fuze tubes
in order that they may maintain a vertical position when the buoy is
afloat will be weighted at their lower extremities. I propose to furnish
the fuze tubes with springs internally to keep the fuzes always in their
proper position. One of the fuze tubes will be provided with a
percussion or other lock and trigger, by which the fuze can be ignited.

page_text: The other fuze is intended to be lighted from the ship on letting go the
buoy. The tops of both fuze tubes will be fitted with a metal ash guard
for the purpose of catching any burning ashes that may fall from the
fuze.
The other fuze is intended to be lighted from the ship on letting go the
buoy. The tops of both fuze tubes will be fitted with a metal ash guard
for the purpose of catching any burning ashes that may fall from the
fuze.
Life lines or loops of rope or chain may be fitted to the outer side of
the buoy.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Henry at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
September 1872.-A communication from abroad by Salvatore
Bellotti and Ruggiero Petvini, both of 17, Boulevart Saint
Martin, Paris, France.
I, MICHAEL HENRY, of Fleet Chambers, 68, Fleet Street, in the
City of London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR
PROPELLING SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS," communicated to me from abroad
by Salvatore Bellotti, and Ruggiero Petvini, both of 17, Boulevart
Saint Martin, Paris, France, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in propelling ships and other vessels by means
of hydraulic power.
The propelling force is produced by the water in which the vessel
floats or travels, the propelling action being obtained and applied by
means of a wheel with vanes, or a turbine, or other hydraulic motor
combined or not with a screw.
By these means I am enabled to dispense with steam engines, and
consequent expenditure of fuel.

page_text: In one arrangement for carrying out the Invention a wheel with
vanes or blades, a turbine, or a back action wheel is used, it is actuated
by a stream of water which operates an axis connected with a beam,
which moves pistons working in parallel cylinders three in number.
The central cylinder, which is of greater diameter than the others,
is closed at both ends, but the two outer cylinders are open at
one end. In the central cylinder are two ports, whereof one is opened
while the other is closed by means of a valve worked by the piston rod.
When the water inlet valve is opened the water actuates the wheel
and flows into a passage behind the piston of the central cylinder, which
will be thus moved forward with the pistons of the cylinders which
act on the water in which the ship is travelling. But when the
revolution of the wheel causes the pistons to make their return stroke,
the water of the central cylinder being prevented from returning into
the passage which is closed by the valve escapes into the body of water
in which the vessel is travelling, and impinges on the surface of the
water with which it comes in contact, that is, the water in which the
vessel travels, whereby the vessel is moved forward. The return stroke
of the pistons is facilitated by the pressure exerted by the water on
the pistons of the outer cylinders.
A screw may be combined with this arrangement, motion being
transmitted to it by suitable gearing.
To back the vessel or reverse its motion the water inlet valve is closed,
and a valve is opened which directs the water to the opposite side of
the wheel and reverses it. Or the screw may be used for backing,
the open ends of the water cylinders being closed by valves or
plates.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF RAISING AND FLOATING SUNKEN OR STRANDED VESSELS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th April 1872.-A communication from abroad by Jean Tourenc,
of No. 64, Faubourg St. Martin, Paris, France.
.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF RAISING AND FLOATING
SUNKEN OR STRANDED VESSELS," a communication to me from abroad by
Jean Tourenc, of No. 64, Faubourg St. Martin, Paris, France, to be as
follows:-
Great concern has long been felt at the number of vessels annually
sunk or stranded without possibility of again floating them, and
numerous experiments have been unsuccessfully made in this direction.
Nevertheless upon a close examination of the question it will be seen
that ths of the wrecked vessels are wrecked upon sandy shores, the
others are those which after a violent shock upon rocks or after a
collision are broken and sunk.
The object of this Invention is to save both the one and the others,
and that by means of a known principle applied in a novel manner.

page_text: This principle is that of the displacement of water by means of recipients
filled with air in sufficient quantity to equilibrate the weight of the
vessel.
To succeed in this operation these recipients must be of greater
dimensions than that of the vessel itself.
For this purpose it is proposed to use sacks made of sackcloth or other
suitable textile material treated with caoutchouc or otherwise water-
proofed, and of great strength to prevent any tearing.
These recipients are made of a fan shape, so as to expand gradually
when filling with air. They are fixed to the sides of the vessel by the ]
aid of a wooden frame surrounding it. It is upon this frame that all
the efforts of the raising apparatus are exerted. To aid these efforts it
is proposed to introduce into the hold and the between decks other
recipients of the same kind which in filling with air will drive the water
out of the vessel.
When operating in deep water, that is to say, in the second category
of maritime disasters, a second series of apparatuses may be used placed
on the deck and fixed to the frame.
1
To facilitate the towing of the vessel when afloat an envelope may
be applied on each of its sides closing every leak, so that the vessel may ?
be emptied of the water within it, and be thus more easily carried into
a refitting dock.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR PLAIN WEAVING
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Ingham and William Shaw
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 20th May 1872.
We, JOHN INGHAM, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster,
Mechanic, and WILLIAM SHAW, of Accrington, in the County of
Lancaster, Overlooker, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR PLAIN WEAVING," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to dispense with the ordinary healds
or heddles used in looms, and thus to effect a saving in wear and tear
in weaving operations, and consists in substituting an horizontal metallic
rod suspended from the ordinary heald roller, and over which rod half
the warp passes. This rod carries a frame in which one or two of the
ordinary shafts or staves (to which the heddles are usually secured) are
fixed parallel to but at a lower level than the horizontal rod herein-
before mentioned, in order that the warp passing over such rod may be
drawn down at an angle in its course by passing through loops secured
to such staves or shafts. The other half of the warp is simply passed

page_text: between two parallel horizontal rods, which are secured close together in
a suitable frame suspended from the ordinary heald roller herein-before
mentioned.
The action of this shedding motion is obtained by the usual tappet
levers, which are connected to such horizontal rods, and the one half
of the warp being always bent at an angle in its course, as herein-
before described, ensures the shed being fully opened for the passage
of the shuttle, whether the one half of the warp or the other is
uppermost.
TWDROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BESSEMER STEEL INGOTS
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Hampton, of Ickles, near Rotherham,
in the County of York, Steel Manufacturer, for the Invention of
"TWDROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BESSEMER STEEL INGOTS."
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Thomas Hampton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 18th June 1872, pursuant to the 9th Section
of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
HAMPTON, of Ickles, near Rotherham, in the County of York, Steel
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF BESSEMER STEEL INGOTS," and have petitioned Her
Majesty to grant unto me, my executors, administrators, and assigns, Her
Royal Letters Patent for the same, and have made solemn Declaration
that I am the true and first Inventor thereof.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Hampton, do hereby declare
that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and seal, fully
describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, in and by the following statement,
reference being had to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, and to the
figures and letters marked thereon :—

page_text: Figs. 2 and 3 shew a side view and plan of afore-named moulded
stopper.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, I hereby claim the
substitution of moulded stoppers, as herein described, instead of the
iron and steel plates as now in use.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Hampton, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
THOMAS HAMPTON. (L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
above-named Thomas Hampton, in
the presence of
JOHN ELLIS,
Clerk to Messrs. Rodgers & Thomas,
Solicitors.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOTTLES FOR THE PURPOSE OF RETAINING CORKS THEREIN
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gibbon Bayley Worthington at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition on the
24th October 1872.
I, GIBBON BAYLEY WORTHINGTON, of Northenden, in the County
of Chester, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOTTLES FOR THE PURPOSE OF RETAINING
CORKS THEREIN," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is so to construct the neck of the bottle
that a cork can be readily inserted, and will be retained therein,
notwithstanding any amount of internal pressure, but can be easily
withdrawn therefrom without the use of a corkscrew or other instrument,
and to dispense with the use of wires or strings for the purpose of
retaining the corks in bottles containing aerated liquids.
The Invention consists in forming a screwed thread in the interior of
the neck of the bottle; this screwed thread may be made during the
process of making the bottle (whether of glass, stone, or clay), by closing
the neck of the bottle on to a screwed mandrel, and then removing
the latter by unscrewing, or in any other convenient manner.

page_text: The corks may be either driven in by a simple blow or pressure, or
they may be screwed in, a sufficient amount of the cork being left
projecting to afford a secure hold for the fingers to unscrew the cork for
the purpose of removing it, and by this means any portion of the
contents of a bottle (whether aerated or otherwise) may be withdrawn,
and then the cork screwed in as firmly and air-tight as ever. Should a cork
become broken or be driven in too far to leave a-hold for-the fingers it
may be withdrawn either by an instrument similar to a common two
pronged fork, or by means of a corkscrew formed with a left handed
worm; if the latter be screwed into the cork it will penetrate the
same till the top of the cork reaches the plate above the worm,
when the cork will commence to rotate with the worm and thus become
unscrewed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PURIFICATION OF GAS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Lloyd Owen and
George Underwood at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 12th July 1872. .
WC, EDMUND LLOYD OWEN, of Acton Lodge, Iron Acton, near
Bristol, in the County of Somerset, and GEORGE UNDERWOOD, of No. 21,
Cornhill, in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PURIFICATION OF GAS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the purification
of gas. For this purpose we employ the carbonate, chloride, and other
forms of baryta, barium, or barytes in the desulphurization and purifi-
cation of gas used for illuminating and heating purposes. We apply
such substances or either of them to this purpose, either in and during
or after the manufacture of such gases, either separately or combined with
other purifiers or processes of purification now in use. We thus effect
the more effectual separation of sulphide of carbon and other impurities
from illuminating and heating gas, and the more effectual purification

page_text: and improvement of such gas by this means, either during or in asso-
ciation with existing processes of purification during manufacture or
during the passage of the gas from the points of production and purifi-
cation to the points of consumption or combustion, or in the act of
combustion.