IMPROVE- MENTS IN REFRIGERATING AND FREEZING, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Archibald Brooman, of 166, Fleet Street,
in the City of London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN REFRIGERATING AND FREEZING, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREIN."-A communication from abroad by David Joseph Kennelly, of
Bombay.
Sealed the 18th April 1868, and dated the 15th October 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Archibald Brooman
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 15th October 1862.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATING AND FREEZING, AND IN APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREIN," (communicated to me from abroad by David Joseph
Kennelly, of Bombay,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in cooling or freezing in vacuo by the abstraction of
heat owing to the evaporation of a volatile liquid, such as bisulphide of
carbon, ether, or other volatile liquid contained in a space surrounding the vessel
in which the substance to be cooled or frozen is placed, as well as by con-
densation of the vapour arising from the substance cooling or freezing, and
this in an apparatus constructed and working substantially as hereafter
explained.

page_text: I employ a cylindrical, hemispherical, or other shaped vessel formed of
metal (copper) having an air-tight lid, which vessel holds within it another
vessel so secured to it that an intermediate space is left between the two
vessels, in which bisulphide of carbon, ether, or other volatile liquid is
evaporated, and thus heat is abstracted from the inner vessel, in which a
vacuum is formed containing the water or other substance to be cooled or
frozen. In order that this Invention may be well understood, I annex a
Drawing showing a section of the apparatus.
A, A, is the outer vessel; B, B, the inner vessel; and C, C, the intermediate
space, into which the volatile liquid is introduced and evaporated so as to
abstract heat from the inner vessel B, which contains the water or other sub-
stance to be cooled or frozen. Inside the vessel B there may be another
vessel or "mould," as shewn in dotted lines, or this mould may be dispensed
with, as found desirable; D, D, is the lid or cover; E is a vessel (of any
suitable shape) which delivers the water or substance to be cooled or frozen
into B, B, supporting the vacuum formed in B, B, and condensing the vapour
arising from B, B. The vessel E should be a little larger in capacity than
B, B. The pipe P withdraws the vapour from B, B. The water or substance
to be cooled or frozen having first been admitted through the pipe Q into the
vacuum B, B, a partial vacuum is produced in E, and the cock of the pipe P
being opened, the vapour rushes up and becomes diffused through the vessel E,
which vapor is condensed by cold water from the pipe K' flowing through a
rose-head. The pipe K is coiled round the outer surface of A, A, and water
is run through this coil from the tank K, and having passed through the rose-
head and over the surface of the vessel E, it descends into a saveall M, M,
and flowing off through the pipe N becomes returned to K, to be again used.
In small machines the vessel E would be attached to the lid D, D; F is a
pump which withdraws the volatile vapour from C, C, sending it through F'
into the condenser, from which it is returned through the pipe H into the
vessel C, C, as fluid; G is a pump for exhausting B, B, and carrying off the
vapour arising from the water or substance therein; I is a gauge to measure
the volatile fluid in C, C; L is a movable vessel fixed into R; L charges
C, C, with volatile liquid; R maintains the charge, and is covered by a tight
cap. For the sake of economy the apparatus should be placed in a tub of
wood or other non-conducting substance.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Archibald Brooman in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 15th April 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Richard Archibald Brooman, Her special licence that I, the said Richard
Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATING AND FREEZING, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREIN," (communicated to me from abroad by David Joseph Kennelly, of
Bombay,) upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Richard
Archibald Brooman, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto
annexed, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in cooling or freezing in vacuo by the abstraction
of heat owing to the evaporation of a volatile liquid, such as bisulphide of
carbon, ether, or other volatile liquid contained in a space surrounding the
5 vessel in which the substance to be cooled or frozen is placed, as well as by
condensation of the vapour arising from the substance cooling or freezing,
and this in an apparatus constructed and working substantially as hereafter
explaived.

page_text: I employ a cylindrical, hemispherical, or other shaped vessel formed of
metal (copper) having an air-tight lid, which vessel holds within it another
vessel so secured to it that an intermediate space is left between the two
vessels, in which bisulphide of carbon, ether, or other volatile liquid is
evaporated, and thus heat is abstracted from the inner vessel, in which a
vacuum is formed containing the water or other substance to be cooled or
frozen.
In order that this Invention may be well understood, I annex a Drawing
shewing a section of the apparatus.
A is the outer vessel; B, the inner vessel; and C, the intermediate space,
into which the volatile liquid is introduced and evaporated, so as to abstract
heat from the inner vessel B, which contains the water or other substance to
be cooled or frozen. Inside the vessel B there may be another vessel or
"mould," as shewn in dotted lines, or this mould may be dispensed with, as
found desirable. D is the movable lid or cover; E is a vessel (of any suitable
shape), which delivers the water or substance to be cooled or frozen into the
vessel B; e is a tap through which the liquid or other substance is admitted
into the vessel E. A larger opening may be made, but it must be capable of
being hermetically closed when the apparatus is being worked. The vessel E
must be made of materials sufficiently strong to support the vacuum produced
in the vessel B, and should be of a little larger capacity than that vessel. The
vapour from the vessel B passes through the pipe P into the vessel E; the
water or substance to be cooled or frozen having first been admitted through
the pipe Qinto the vessel B, a partial vacuum is produced in the vessel E,
and the cock of the pipe P being opened the vapour rushes up and becomes
diffused through the vessel E, which vapour is condensed by cold water from
the pipe K flowing through a rose-head. The pipe K' is coiled round the
outer surface of the vessel A, water is run through this coil from a tank K,
or other source of supply, and having passed through the rose-head and over
the surface of the vessel E, descends into a saveall M, and flowing off through
the pipe N, may be returned to the tank to be again used or allowed to run
to waste.
In small machines the vessel E is attached to the lid D; F is a pump which
withdraws the volatile vapour from the space C, sending it through the pipe F¹
into a condenser, from which it is returned through a pipe II into the space C;
G is a pump for exhausting the vessel B, and carrying off some of the vapour
arising from the water or substance therein; I is a gauge for measuring the
volatile fluid in the space C; L is a movable vessel fixed into a frame R, and
supplying the space C with volatile liquid. For the sake of economy tho

page_text: apparatus should be placed in a tub of wood or other non-conducting
substance.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,―
First, cooling and freezing in vacuo by the abstraction of heat owing to the
evaporation of a volatile liquid contained in a space surrounding the vessel,
in which the substance to be cooled or frozen is placed, as well as by the con-
densation of the vapour arising in the vessel E from the substance cooling or
freezing, substantially in manner herein-before described.
Second, the apparatus in which the cooling or freezing is performed, con-
structed and working substantially as herein-before described and illustrated
in the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of April, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-three.