IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN MACHINES FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Alexander Fitton, of Ardwick, in the City
of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanic, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN MACHINES FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND
DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 8th September 1857, and dated the 9th March, 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Alexander Fitton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th March 1857.
I, FREDERICK ALEXANDER FITTON, of Ardwick, in the City of Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN MACHINES FOR PREPARING, SPINNING,
AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows, that is
to say:-
The first part of my improvements relates to the means of driving the
spindles in throstles, doublers, and winding frames, and consists in placing
the roller or drum which guides the bands or cords, used to impart motion to
the spindles, diagonally or at an angle with the roller or drum which drives
the bands or cords, instead of placing such rollers or drums parallel with each

page_text: other, as hitherto done; or a series of pulleys may be employed in the place of
the first-mentioned roller or drum to guide the cords or bands, the common
axis or line of position of such series of pulleys being placed diagonally, or at
an angle with the driving roller or drum. When the machine is of con-
siderable length, it will be more convenient to employ several guiding drums,
or several series of pulleys placed at angles to the driving drum, instead of
one. continuous guiding drum or series of pulleys.
The second part of my improvements consists in driving loose revolving.
bushes, when used in slubbing and roving frames, by means of the bobbin wheel
pr braid.
The third part of my improvements consists in attaching. the oil cup and
bush used to form. a top, bearing for the spindle in slubbing and roving frames
to the flyer instead of to the spindle, as described in the Specification of an
Invention for which Letters Patent were granted to Robert Lakin, John.
Thompson, Edward Gerrard Fitton, and me, tho said Frederick Alexander
Fitton, dated the Twenty-fifth day of April, One thousand eight hundred and.
fifty-six, No. 997.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed:
by the said Frederick Alexander Fitton in the Great Seal Patent Office
on, the, 8th September 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
ALEXANDER FITTON, of Ardwick, in the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Mechanic, send greeting..
WHEREAS Her most. Excellent. Majesty Queen Victoria, did, by. Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of March, One thousand.eight
hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of Her reign, give and grant
unto me, the said Frederick Alexander Fitton, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, Her especial licence that I, the said Frederick Alexander,
Fitton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others. as. J, the
said Frederick Alexander Fitton, my executors, administrators, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter. during the term of years therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN MACHINES FOR PREPARING, SPINNING,

page_text: AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Frederick Alexander Fitton; should 'par:
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and scal, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said próviso, I, the said
Frederick Alexander Fitton, do hereby declare that the nature of my said In-
vention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement and description}
reference being had to the accompanying Drawings on one Sheet, and in which
description and Drawings the same letters and numbers of reference are used
to indicate the same or similar parts in all the Figures in which they occur:
The scales to which the Figures are drawn are stated on tho Drawings.
The first part of my improvements relates to the means of driving the
spindles in throstles, doublers, and winding frames, and consists in placing the
roller or drum, which guides the bands or cords used to impart motion to the
spindles, diagonally or obliquely, or at an angle with the roller or drum which
drives the bands or cords, instead of placing such rollers or drums parallel with
cach other, as has hitherto been done; or a scries of pulleys may be employed
in the place of the first-mentioned roller or drum to guide the cords or bands
the common axis or line of position of such scries of pulleys being placed
diagonally or obliquely, or at an angle with the driving roller or drum.
In the Drawings, Figure 1 represents a plan view, Figure 2 a front eleva-
tion, Figure 3 an end clevation, and Figure 4 a transverso vertical section}
of parts of a throstle frame with the said rollers or drums applied thereto.
A is the driving or main drum; B, the guide or carrier drum; C and C';
two of the spindles; D and D, the wharves of those spindles; and E, ihd
band. The main drum A rotates on its axis in the direction of the arrow, and
imparts motion to the spindles by means of the endless band E: This band is
arranged as follows, namely:-Tracing its course from the point marked *, it
passes in the direction of the arrow partially round the drum A, and from it to
and under the drum B, and then returns to the drum A; passing partially
round it, and onwards to and partially round the spindle wharve D, from whicli
it passes to and partially round the other spindle wharve D'; returning to the
point, originally commenced at. The drum B is placed obliquely, or at an
augle with the drum A, and this obliquity may be either in reference to a hori

page_text: zontal or a vertical plane, or both, which latter arrangement I prefer. The
drum B is mounted on adjustable bearings, by means of which its axis admits
of being set to any convenient degree of obliquity in any required direction to
the axis of the drum A. It is well known that a band inclines to pass round
any drum to which it is applied in a lino coinciding with the circumferential
section of such drum. In consequence, therefore, of the obliquity of the drum
13 to the drum A, the band E after passing from the drum A and under the
drum B returns to and partially over the drum A in a different line from that
in which it came over and from it, and the several parts of the band, coming
on and passing from the drum A, thus keep clear of each other in crossing, and
the fraying of the band is thereby avoided.
I have not thought it necessary further to describe or to illustrate by
Drawings the modification, before mentioned, of employing a series of pulleys
in the place of the guiding roller, inasmuch as the manner of effecting such
modification will be obvious to any competent mechanic. When the machine
is of considerable length, it will be found more convenient to employ several
guiding drums or several series of pulleys placed obliquely to the driving
drum, instead of one continuous guiding drum or series of pulleys.
Having described this part of my improvements in application to the
machine called the throstle, its application to doublers and winding frames
will be obvious to persons conversant with such machines.
The second part of my improvements relates to the driving of loose revolving
bushes, when used in slubbing and roving frames, by means of the bobbin
wheel or braid.
In the Drawings, Figure 5 represents an elevation, Figure 6 a vertical sec-
tion, of the apparatus to which this part of my improvements relates. F is onc
of the spindles in a slubbing or roving frame; G, the stationary bush, fastened
in the spindle rail; H, the bobbin wheel or braid; I, the loose bush, which
revolves within the stationary bush, and has at the top a collar or flange, which
rests on the upper edge of the braid H. In this collar is a slot or opening i, s
best seen in Figure 7, which is a plan view of the bush with its collar. A pin or
peg.h in the upper part of the bobbin wheel takes into this slot i, so that when
the bobbin wheel is in motion it carries round the loose revolving bush with it.
By this means of connecting the bobbin wheel with the loose bush, the latter
can be disconnected from the former, and removed from the stationary bush at S
pleasure, and without the loss of time and trouble necessary for that purpose
when the loose bush is attached to the bobbin wheel by screws or fastenings,
as has heretofore been done. Various modifications, it is obvious, may be made

page_text: of this part of my Invention, as, for instance, by_varying the position or form
of the peg or pin and slot, or adopting equivalent means of connection
between the bobbin wheel. and the revolving bush capable of being discon-
nected immediately when required.
The third part of my improvements consists in attaching the oil cup and
bush used to form a top bearing for the spindle in roving and slubbing frames
to the flyer instead of to the spindle, as described in the Specification of an
Invention for which Letters Patent were granted to Robert Lakin, John
Thompson, Edward Gerrard Fitton, and mc, the said Frederick Alexander
Fitton, dated the Twenty-fifth day of April, One thousand eight hundred and
fifty-six, No. 997.
Figure 8 is front elevation, and Figure 9 a sectional elevation, of those
parts of a flyer necessary to describe my improvements. V is the flyer; V¹,
the revolving bush (placed on the flyer), with oil cup attached, in which is
placed the bush V², loose on the bush V¹. The nut w, screwed on the top of
the flyer, keeps the bush V in its place and prevents it from rising. Tho
projection on the lower part of the bush V³ comes in contact with the
projection on the top bearing claws V³, described in the Specification herein-
before referred to, and shewn in Figure 9 on the Drawings thereby referred
to, for the like purpose, as is therein explained. The top part of the upper
boss of the flyer V is made of smaller diameter, as shown in the Drawing
accompanying this Specification, to admit of its passing through the opening in
the top bearing claws V³, shewn in Figure 10 of the Drawings accompanying
the before-mentioned Specification.
The operations in doffing the bobbins from the spindles and other manipu-
lations are the same as are described in the before-mentioned Specification in
reference to the third part of the improvements therein specified. The effect
of my present improvement is to give increased steadiness to the spindles
whilst revolving.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is performed, I declare that I claim as of my Invention,―
First, the placing of the roller or drum for guiding the bands or cords used
to impart motion to the spindles in throstles, doublers, and winding frames, or
the series of pulleys or other equivalent for such roller or drum, obliquely, or
at an angle with the roller or drum which drives such bands or cords.
Secondly, the means herein-before described of driving the loose revolving
bushes in slubbing and roving frames by the bobbin wheel or braid connected
with each bush.

page_text: Thirdly, the attaching of the oil cup and bush used to form a top bearing
for the spindle in slubbing and roving frames to the flyer instead of to tho
spindle.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Alexander Fitton, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Seventh day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
FREDERICK ALEXANDER FITTON. (Lás.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the said
Frederick Alexander Fitton; in the
prosence of
CHARLES ASTON,
Attorney-at-Law, Manchester.