IMPROVEMENTS IN FERMENTING, CLEANSING, AND ATTEMPERATING APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN BREWING
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Littell Tizard, of Plymstock, in the County
of Devon, Brewers' Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FERMENTING, CLEANSING, AND ATTEMPERATING APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN
BREWING."
Scaled the 21st July 1857, and dated the 26th January 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Littell Tizard
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th January 1857.
I, WILLIAM LITTELL TIZARD, of Plymstock, in the County of Devon,
Brewers' Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FERMENTING, CLEANSING, AND ATTEMPERATING APPARATUS TO BE
EMPLOYED IN BREWING," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of a hollow vessel, formed and operating as hereafter
explained, and made nearly to fit the interior of a fermenting 'tun, and form a
rising and falling cover thereto. The top and bottom of this cover are a few'
inches apart, and the cover forms a receptacle for hot or cold water. Its
bottom is of convex form, and its upper part flat, with an outer edge or rim
rising above the flat part. On its surface are placed an ingress pipe and an
egress pipe leading into the interior, furnished with union joints, and liose
fastened to the latter for the passage of water. Three or four tubes, an inch'
or two in diameter, more or less, are inade to pass through the cover and

page_text: descend a few inches below its convex bottom';. these tubes are furnished with
plugs. A tube is fixed in the centre of the vessel or cover, containing a
suitable metal screw nut, which fits a screw that passes vertically through
it. The upper end of the screw has its bearing in a cross bar placed above
the tun, and its lower end works in a step fastened to the bottom and in the
centre of the fermenting tun. The bulb of a thermometer with its tube
bent at right angles is inserted into the side of the tun, with its index on
the outside, so as to indicate at all times the temperature of the wort or beer.
Above the tun is placed a water tank, supplied with either hot air or with
hot or cold water. The operation of the apparatus is as follows:-Prior to
pitching a gyle of wort, the hollow vessel or cover is lowered into the tun by
turning the screw. The pitching yeast, which is intended to excite vinous fer-
mentation, is placed on the cover and blended with the wort as it flows from
the cooler or refrigerator. Cold water is now made to flow through the cover,
and it performs. the office of a secondary refrigerator to the wort as it passes
over the surface of the covers down one or more of the descending tubes into
the tun. The gyle being pitched, and the cover resting on its surface, on the
commencement of fermentation the yeast and its accompanying wort rise up
around the rim of the cover and fall on its flat top surface; the most fluid
parts find their way down the descending tubes before mentioned into the tun,
again and again to be returned to the face of the cover until the process of
fermentation ceases. During fermentation either hot or cold water may be
passed through the cover to attemperate both the contents of the tun and the
worts or beer which circulate over and under the cover.
cover.
The attenuation of the gyle being nearly perfected, the plugs are now placed
into the holes to prevent any yeast running into the tun. The yeast then rises
in a more solid form, and continues to be received on and retained by the
Just before the fermentation ceases, the plugs are withdrawn to allow
the clean beer that has subsided from the yeast to gravitate through the
tubes into the tun, the yeast being either too solid to follow, or being prevented
from doing so by guard rings. or ferrules of from to 2 inches high placed
around the top of the tubes in the cover. The yeast may now be taken off
the cover and the gyle kept at the temperature of not higher than 58°
Fahrenheit until the gyle of beer has become sufficiently fine for its dis-
tinction.
Prior to racking, the screw nut in the centre of the cover is disengaged to
allow the cover to float on the surface of the beer at any depth it may assume
during the period of its being racked off, at the same time the hollow vessel
or cover keeps the beer from external influences.

page_text: Instead of a screw for raising and lowering my hollow vessel or cover, a
rack and pinion and counterbalance weights, or any equivalent arrangement,
may be substituted.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Littell Tizard in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 25th July 1857.
TO, ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
LITTELL TIZARD, of Plymstock, in the County of Devon, Brewers' Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said William Littell Tizard, Her special licence that I, the said
William Littell Tizard, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said William Littell Tizard, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FERMENTING, CLEANSING, AND ATTEMPERATING APPARATUS TO
BE EMPLOYED IN BREWING" upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
William Littell Tizard, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent..
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Littell Tizard, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto.
annexed, that is to say:-
My Invention consists of a hollow apparatus or vessel, formed and operating
hereafter explained, and made nearly to fit the interior of a fermenting tun,
and form a rising and falling cover thereto. The top and bottom of this cover
as

page_text: are a few inches apart, and the cover forms a receptacle for hot or cold water.
Its bottom is convex, and its upper part flat, or slightly concave, with an outer
edge or rim rising above the flat part; it is furnished with ingress and egress
pipes for keeping up a continuous flow of water through it. One, two, or
more tubes an inch or two in diameter, more or less, are made to pass through
the apparatus and descend a few inches below its bottom; these tubes are
furnished with plugs, and may have fitted to them pipes leading to the bottom
of the tun. The bulb of a thermometer with its tube bent at right angles may
advantageously be inserted into the side of the tun, with its index on the out-
side, so as to indicate at all times the temperature of the wort or beer. Above
the tun is placed a water tank, supplied with either hot or cold water.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows:-Prior to pitching a gyle of
wort the hollow vessel is lowered into the tun. The pitching yeast, which is
intended to excite vinous fermentation, is placed on the apparatus and blended
with the wort as it flows from the cooler or refrigerator. Cold water is now
made to flow through the apparatus, which performs the office of a secondary
refrigerator to the wort as it passes over the surface thereof down one or more
of the descending tubes into the tun. Supposing the gyle to be pitched and
the apparatus to be resting on its surface, then on the commencement of
fermentation the yeast and its accompanying wort rise up around the rim of
the apparatus and fall on its top surface; the most fluid parts find their way
down the descending tubes before mentioned into the tun, again and again to
be returned to the apparatus until the process of fermentation ceases. During
fermentation either hot or cold water may be passed through the apparatus
to attemperate the contents of the tun and the worts or beer which circulate
over and through it.
The attenuation of the gyle being nearly perfected, the plugs are now placed
into the tubes to prevent any yeast running into the tun. The yeast then rises
in a more solid form, and continues to be received on and retained by the
apparatus. Just before fermentation ceases, the plugs are withdrawn to allow
the clean beer that has subsided from the yeast to flow through the tubes into
the tun, the yeast being either too solid to follow, or being prevented from doing
so by guard rings or ferules of from half to two inches high placed around
the mouth of the tubes. The yeast may now be removed and the gyle kept
at the temperature of not higher than 58° F. until the gyle of beer has
become sufficiently fine for its destination. Prior to racking, the apparatus
must be disengaged to allow of its being lowered so as just to float on the
surface of the beer at any depth it may assume during the period of its being
racked off.

page_text: In the annexed Drawing I have shewn in sectional elevation a tun with my
apparatus applied thereto. A is the tun or vat; B, the fermenting, cleansing,
and attemperating apparatus, consisting of a hollow metal vessel, through
which a current of water of the desired temperature is made to flow by the
inlet and outlet tubes C and D. The apparatus is made to float on the surface
of the beer, and form a cover thereto by means of the counterbalance E.
Sufficient space must be left between the sides thereof and the tun to allow
of the yeast rising through the same and flowing over on the top of the
apparatus. F is a tube passing through the apparatus; and G, a plug to the
same. Two or more of such tubes and plugs may be fitted in a similar
manner. His a flexible pipe, which may or may not be used, as desired;
this pipe fits on to the bottom of the tube F, and conveys the beer after
settling from the yeast on the top of the apparatus to the bottom of the tun
without disturbing the head of the gyle. I is a cock for drawing off the con-
tents of the tun.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim the improvements
in fermenting, cleansing, and attemperating apparatus to be employed in
brewing, herein-before described, and represented in the Drawing annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Littell Tizard, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of July, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-seven.