matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN SKATES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th December 1881. A communi-
cation from abroad by Wilhelm Tillmanns of Remscheid, in the German
Empire.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SKATES." A communication from abroad by Wilhelm Tillmanns of Remscheid,
in the German Empire.
This Invention relates more particularly to the means of attaching skates to the
boots of the skater. It consists in making the blade movable and using it as a
lever for operating the attaching mechanism in the following manner.
The rear
post which connects the blade with the heel of the skate is constructed as a pivot,
around which the blade can be turned sideways, and the front post is provided
with a short curved plate (having the rear post as centre of curvature) which
moves in a correspondingly curved slot at the underside of the sole and can be
fixed therein by means of a spring carrying a nose which falls into a notch of the
said curved plate. The clamps which hold the heel of the boot (in front) and the
sides of the soles are moved by an excentric attached to the pivot, to the end of
the excentric rod being pivoted two symmetrically guided plates the outer ends
of which are turned upward to clamp the sides of the boot. For further security
a strap laid over the boot may be attached with one end to the sole of the skate,
while the other end is drawn inward by means of a hook attached to the curved
plate of the blade.
Instead of making a pivot of the rear post the blade may be pivoted on a
front post and the clamp-pieces set in motion by means of a crank and connecting
rod.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING BOTTLES AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lyon at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th February 1881.
JOHN LYON, of St. Helen's, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MOULDING BOTTLES AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR.”
"
In manufacturing bottles it has been considered practically impossible to mould
the insides, as the interior mould cannot be afterwards extracted. The consequence
is that they have to be blown in the moulds, requiring skilled labour.
Now my Invention consists in moulding the bottle inside and out. I construct
the outer mould with the bottle neck downward, and supply it with an interior
mould or core, which can be raised and, lowered from above.
The complete
bottle, with the exception of the bottom, is cast in this. In another mould,
preferably hinged or connected with the main one, the bottom is moulded. As
soon as the glass is solid enough to stand, the core is removed from the bottle, and
one of the two (the bottle or its bottom) while in its mould is swung round on the
hinge, and the two are pressed together forming a joint. A pair of tools is
employed when necessary to trim off joint and smooth it up. It is sometimes
necessary too to use a pair of tools to trim up the ring or neck. I sometimes
arrange a groove in the core, or a projecting ring in the bottom piece, or both, so
as to make the bottle slightly thicker at the joint (inside), and give as wide
a surface as possible where they come together, and thus increase the certainty of
forming a joint.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY PUMPS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Mellor at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd June 1881.
SAMUEL MELLOR, of 64, Saint Stephen's Road, North Bow, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY PUMPS."
This Invention relates to improvements in rotary pumps, and especially in the pump
for which Letters Patent were granted to me on 30th March, A.D. 1880, No. 1311.
In the abovo Patent a fixed cylinder having a disc revolving within it is
described, the said disc carrying round with it a circular block through which one
end of a pendulous tongue passes, the other end of the pendulous tongue being
centred outside the radius of the cylinder's bore, and inlet and outlet passages
were also forined in the circumference of the cylinder, the revolving disc being
driven by a solid shaft and driving pulleys in the manner well known.
Now in this Invention a revolving cylinder is used, and it rotates upon fixed
hollow discs of which there are two. The revolving cylinder has a centre within
its periphery from which a pendulous tongue vibrates, the said tongue passing
through a circular revolving block, which is provided with trunnions that tako into
recesses formed in the inner faces of the discs.
The periphery of the revolving block works in contact with the bore of the
cylinder, and the inlet and outlet ports are arranged one in each disc on opposite
sides of the block.
The discs are each provided with a hollow central stem, one forming the passago
leading to the inlet, and the other to the outlet ports through the discs to the
interior of the cylinder, at the same time serving to support the pump as the stems
can be attached to standards bolted to a foundation plate.
The revolving cylinder is turned perfectly cylindrical on its periphery so that it
can receive a strap by which it is driven, it is also preferably made in two similar
halves bolted together, each being provided with a short sleeve fitted with stuffing
boxes, the said sleeves revolving upon the central hollow stem of the fixed discs,
and the cylinder portion revolving upon the periphery of the discs themselves.
In action the cylinder in revolving carries round the vibrating pendulous
tongue with it, the latter passing over the inlet and outlet ports alternately, by
which motion the fluid is induced to enter cylinder and is expelled from it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRICYCLES AND OTHER VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1881

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Harrington at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th December 1881.
JOHN HARRINGTON of Scarsdale Villas, Kensington in the County of Middlesex.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRICYCLES AND OTHER VELOCIPEDES."
The Invention has for its object improvements in tricycles and other velocipedes
having two carrying or driving wheels mounted upon the same axle and relates to
improved driving gear.
For this purpose I cause the driving wheel to run loosely on the axle and
according to one arrangement I attach rigidly to the hub of the driving wheel a
disc of india rubber or other frictional material. I next place upon the driving
axle so that it will slip freely thereon a disc of metal or other suitable hard
material and next to this disc 1 mount a second rubber or frictional disc upon the
driving axle so that it shall rotate therewith but be capable of sliding longitudinally
thereon.
This last mentioned rubber or frictional disc is acted upon by a spring to keep
it and the discs before mentioned in frictional contact whereby any motion given
to the driving axle will be communicated to the driving wheel except as hereinafter
explained.
In order to apply break power to the driving wheel or to throw it out of gear
with the driving axle when describing curves or for other purposes I apply friction
to the centre loose disc by means of a friction strap and lever or otherwise or I
hold it stationary and in some cases I so arrange such lever or other means that it
may in one position force the moveable rubber or frictional disc out of contact and
thus allow the driving wheel to run loosely on the axle. The india rubber discs
have a metal bushing and may be encases in metal around the periphery and on
one side.
If desired the centre loose disc may be dispensed with and in such case the
frictional surfaces in contact may be rubber to rubber or rubber to metal or they
may be metal to metal and in this latter case I form them with a series of annular
grooves and projections in the faces thereof and in this arrangement a lever or
other appliance would be caused to throw the second disc out of gear when
Jesired.

page_text: It will be understood that where two driving wheels are employed a set of
friction discs might be applied to each and be controlled by one lever or other
appliance and suitable connections.
In cases where driving bands and pulleys are employed to give motion from the
crank axle to the driving wheel I pass the bands twice round each pulley thereby
causing the bands to obtain a grip of a turn and a half instead of only half a turn
as heretofore and in this case I employ guides to prevent the bands chafing at the
turns.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert Loads and Frederick
Afford at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th September
1881.
HERBERT LOADS, of the City of Norwich, Manufacturer, and FREDERICK AFFORD,
of the same Place, Manufacturer's Manager. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOTS AND
SHOES."
These improvements relate to a novel construction of exchangeable or renewable
heel for boots and shoes.
In carrying out our Invention we construct the heel in two parts, consisting of
the heel proper and a detachable heel-plate, which constitutes the wearing surface.
Countersunk in the surface of the heel proper is a plate of metal, preferably brass,
'or it may be hard wood, having three or more radiating arms, and furnished with
a central raised boss, tapped to receive a cheese headed screw and having spikes or
points towards the extremity of each of the said arms. This plate is permanently
secured to the heel proper by means of screws or their equivalent.
The heel plate or detachable portion of the heel is preferably made of one or
more thicknesses of leather, secured together by brads or their equivalent, and
carefully finished on its outer sides to correspond exactly with the contour and
appearance of the main body of the heel when in its proper position.
This detachable heel plate has a central aperture, which fits snugly over the
central raised boss of metal above mentioned, and this aperture is enlarged for a
portion of its depth to receive the head of the screw by which the detachable plate
is secured to the main body of the heel, the said screw, when screwed home, lying
somewhat below the wearing surface of the heel plate. The heels of the two boots
constituting a pair are made alike, so that after being worn to any considerable
extent the two detachable heel plates may be changed from one boot to the other,
or be replaced by new ones.
It will be understood that these detachable heel plates are prevented from
turning or shifting, when fixed in position, by means of the spikes or points above
named, on to which they are firmly pressed by the turning of the screw.
These heel plates may, if desired, be made of wood, metal, gutta-percha, or
equivalent material, as well as of leather.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR SORTING, BEATING, AND BREAKING THE WASTE OF WOOL, COTTON, AND LIKE MATERIALS.
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest de Pass at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th July 1881. A communication
from abroad by Messieurs H. Blank and Garnier, of Aix-la-Chapelle, in the
German Empire.
"
ERNEST DE PASS, of the Office for British and Foreign Patents, 68, Fleet Street,
in the City of London, Patent Agent. "AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR SORTING,
BEATING, AND BREAKING THE WASTE OF WOOL, COTTON, AND LIKE MATERIALS.'
A communication from abroad by Messieurs H. Blank and Garnier, of Aix-la-
Chapelle, in the German Empire.
This Invention relates to an improved machine working uninterruptedly for
sorting, beating and breaking the waste of wool, cotton, and like materials, and it
consists of a slowly revolving cylinder sieve armed on. its inner periphery with
points, spikes, or pins. Within this cylinder are arranged several beaters mounted
screw-like on a quickly rotating axle or spindle, for beating the waste and
breaking it between the aforesaid points, spikes, or pins. At the same time they
drive the waste little by little from one end of the cylinder to the other.
For working this machine without interruption, a continuous carrier of any
suitable construction is arranged at one end of the cylinder, and sometimes a
preparatory breaker. At the other end of the cylinder is a circular shaped blade,
which may be changed; it has for its object to withdraw more or less the waste in
the cylinder, and thereby permit the preparation of same at will.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MALTOSE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Imray at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th March 1881. A communication from
abroad by August Pierre Dubrunfaut, of Paris, France.
JOHN IMRAY, of No. 28, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MALTOSE." [A com-
munication from abroad by August Pierre Dubrunfaut, of Paris, France.]
According to this Invention a paste is made of starch with 12 to 15 times its
weight of water at a temperature of about 160° Fahr., and this paste is mixed
with an exhaustive infusion of malt, the weight of which in its solid state is 25 to
30 per cent. of the weight of the starch to which it is applied. The mixture
should be at a temperature of about 120° Fahr., and should be maintained at about
that temperature for 60 to 70 hours until the dextrine is completely transformed
into maltose, as can be ascertained by testing samples from time to time. If the
malt infusion is in the first place oxydised till it presents a yellow colour, the time
required for the reaction is considerably abridged. The resulting liquor being clarified
and filtered is concentrated in vacuo, producing a colourless syrup which crystallises
in mass on cooling without much change of bulk. The maltose thus prepared can
be readily separated from the mother liquor by pressure, and by remelting and
recrystallizing it can be obtained chemically pure. The pure material dried by
stove heat will keep for an indefinite time without alteration, and on account of
its purity and saccharine flavour it is greatly to be preferred to the glucose of
commerce. As it contains in a pure condition the saccharine principle of brewers'
wort it is better adapted for brewing than ordinary glucose. As for brewing
purposes various qualities are required, the maceration can be arrested at various
stages of the process, and the maltose can be added to malt in various proportions.
The syrup prepared as described being limped and transparent and inalterable by
time, can be applied for sweetening generally, as for example in confectionary. The
materials employed in preparing maltose as above described may be cereals of any
kind, the farinaceous matter being ground, bruised, or simply steeped according to
its nature.
A CERTAIN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CORRUGATED METAL PLATES FOR PAY COUNTERS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th January 1881. A communication *
by Armand Alexis Rand, of Passy, France.
HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices, 18, Rue
de la Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, France, and 90, Cannon Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent. "A CERTAIN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
CORRUGATED METAL PLATES FOR PAY COUNTERS." A communication by
Armand Alexis Rand, of Passy, France.
The Invention relates to the manufacture with greater economy of plates for pay
counters, facilitating the handling of money by diminishing the work and weight
of the metal. The Invention consists instead of casting these plates, as has been
the case up to the present day, to make them of embossed or punched metal. Any
embossing or punching machine may be used for this purpose, and any suitable
sheet-metal relatively thin, but brass by preference, may serve to make these plates,
of which the surfaces are either corrugated or grooved. The substitution of
embossed or punched for cast metals not only accelerates the work but also greatly
economizes the metal.
AN IMPROVEMENT CONNECTED WITH SELF FILLING AND DISCHARGING SKEPS OR BUCKETS FOR GRAIN, MUD, AND OTHER LIKE OPEN OR SOFT BODIES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Allix at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th May 1881.
GEORGE ALLIX, junior, of 121, Manchester Road, Cubitt Town, in the County of
Middlesex, Fitter. "AN IMPROVEMENT CONNECTED WITH SELF FILLING AND
DISCHARGING SKEPS OR BUCKETS FOR GRAIN, MUD, AND OTHER LIKE OPEN OR
SOFT BODIES."
This Invention relates to certain details of construction and arrangements of
parts of self filling and self emptying skeps or buckets, that the action of opening
and closing of the half scoops are better ensured than by those at present in use.
For the purposes of my Invention I joint a strap at each side to the outer ends
or outer corners of each half bucket, on the joint pins of which each half bucket is
free to turn when tilted, by bars and tackles at each lift, whether the skep be filled
or empty. The bars are affixed to the back of each half bucket as to be removable
when desired for stowage purposes. Each bar has a shield to prevent grain or
other loose material becoming engaged with the tackle as to interfere with it, should
it be lowered so far as to be covered by it. Each half bucket has its own tackle
and its own hauling or lift chain which passes through between a series of rollers;
and when the chains are loosened the tackle lowers itself, and an extra roller on
each tackle engages itself in a groove or recess at the lower ends of the bars.
I purpose using guide rollers in a separate strap frame to guide the chains in
their running action.
In this strap frame I use one roller for a "bight" of the chain, the ends going
to separate barrels of a winch. The strap frame may, however, be dispensed with,
but is preferable because it equalizes the purchase on the two chains, and compels
the bucket to lift in a parallel manner without risk of being tilted or lifted
unevenly.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GLASS BOTTLES, DECANTERS, AND OTHER GLASS WARE, FOR THE PURPOSE OF RENDERING THE SAME APPLICABLE FOR ADVERTISING AND EXHIBITING
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Jeffs at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st June 1881.
JAMES JEFFS, of 43, Hanover Street, Islington, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GLASS BOTTLES, DECANTERS, AND OTHER GLASS WARE, FOR
THE PURPOSE OF RENDERING THE SAME APPLICABLE FOR ADVERTISING AND
EXHIBITING."
The object of the said Invention is to utilize glass bottles, decanters, spill-cups,
cigar-holders, drinking-glasses, and other glass ware, for the purposes of advertising,
exhibiting, indicating addresses, or other such purpose, in a more effectual and
convenient manner than heretofore. For this purpose I construct the bottle or
other article in two thicknesses at the parts where the advertisement, address, or
other indication is intended to appear, the hollow space formed by the said two
thicknesses being left open either at top, bottom, or side, so as to admit of a card
or other thin material upon which the advertisement, address, or other indication
is printed or otherwise formed, being slipped into the said hollow space preferably
with its printed, painted, engraved, or otherwise illustrated surface facing outwards
so as to be visible through the outer thickness of glass. The glass article with its
double thicknesses may be constructed in various ways and of any suitable shape ;
for example, the inner part or body of the article may be moulded with ribs
projecting outwards which form the boundaries of the intended hollow spaces
acting as distance pieces for the outer thickness, which may be composed of
separate plates of glass secured by the blow-pipe to the aforesaid ribs, or adapted
to slide in grooves formed therein, or it may be made of a continuous thickness of
glass blown or moulded over or round the saine, and attached to the said ribs, or
adapted to slide in grooves therein as may be preferred.
The openings in the said hollow spaces by which the cards or other advertising
or illustrating objects are introduced may be covered over with a suitably adapted
metal plate which may be locked or otherwise secured in place so as to prevent
removal of the said cards or other objects, and to prevent the entrance of water
into such hollow space during the operation of washing; or instead of a metallic
pinte, such openings may be furnished with suitable coverings or stoppers which
may be attached by adhesive material or otherwise, so as to cover such openings,
or be fitted therein so as to close the same more or less water or air-tight.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR REAPING AND MOWING
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Lines at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st June 1881.
JAMES LINES, of Hadleigh, in the County of Suffolk, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR REAPING AND MOWING."
The Invention relates to improvements on reaping and mowing machinery, and
consists in the addition thereto of a horizontal spindle to which a wheel or roller is
attached, which when the machine is operated brings it down so that it becomes
engaged with the hook on the top of a vertical spindle furnished with a spring, and
depresses it at about every ten feet cut.
Also in a wheel and chain at the foot of the vertical spindle attached to the rack
or platform. Also in the use of four fliers, three short and one long, the latter
clearing the platform as the small roller presses down the spring. The various
parts are made of metal, or metal and wood combined.
AN IMPROVED FASTENER FOR CORDS AND ROPES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Wright Cade and Thomas
William Duffy at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd July
1881.
JOSEPH WRIGHT CADE and THOMAS WILLIAM DUFFY, both of Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster. * AN IMPROVED FASTENER FOR CORDS AND ROPES."
"
Our Invention relates to an improved fastener for cords and ropes, and is
particularly applicable for securing the cords of blinds, such as Venetian blinds,
and consists of a plate which carries a pin or stop and a serrated quadrant, the
latter being hinged to the plate and so arranged that it will jam or hold the blind
cord or other cord or rope between its serrated arc or face and the pin
or stop on the plate. The quadrant is pivoted on the plate and may be
provided with a lever arm which forms a stop by coming against a pin on the
plate, or the quadrant may be sufficiently long to come against the first mentioned
pin or stop. The cords or rope to be secured are passed between the pin or stop,
and the quadrant, which latter securely holds the cord or rope against the pin or
stop when tension is put on the cord or rope. By drawing the cord or rope
against the weight which it supports the quadrant is released and the cord or rope
passes free.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN SPINNING AND TWISTING WORSTED OR OTHER YARNS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Illingworth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th February 1881.
HENRY ILLINGWORTH, of Bradford, in the County of York, Worsted Spinner.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN SPINNING AND TWISTING WORSTED
OR OTHER YARNS."
In the driving of the bobbins, tubes, or spindles employed in spinning and twisting
frames, where the bands traverse with said bobbins, tubes, or spindles, as at present
arranged, considerable difficulty arises through the varying tightness of the bands
driving such bobbins, tubes, or spindles from the driving cylinder; and this
difficulty increases in proportion with the increased use of longer bobbins.
To remedy this evil in place of applying the tubes or spindles which carry the
bobbius vertically, or so as to operate at a tangent to a radial line from the driving
cylinder, I place them in an oblique direction, or so that the bands operate equally
or thereabout at the highest and lowest position of their traverse. By these means
the bands will operate at or about the same tension.
IMPROVEMENTS In constructing ating reel according to my
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Sheldon at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th May 1881.
THOMAS SHELDON, of Osney, in the County of Oxford, Miller.
IN BOLTING REELS FOR DRESSING MEAL."
"IMPROVEMENTS
In constructing a bolting reel according to my Invention I mount upon a shaft
or axis slightly inclined to a horizontal plane a series of sets of arms, each set
consisting of three equidistant radial arms connected to a central boss. The bosses
carrying the sets of arms are keyed or otherwise fixed to the shaft. These sets of
arms are symmetrically fixed on the shaft and their ends are connected by bars of
wood parallel with the shaft. There is thus formed a frame on which the silk or
wire cloth is stretched, making a reel, having in cross section the figure of an
equilateral triangle. At convenient distances on the bars described small brackets
are fixed, the brackets on each bar being connected by means of metallic rods or
wires to the brackets on the next bar.
The said rods or wires are parallel to and at a short distance from the silk or
wire cloth, constituting the sides of the reel. On each of the said rods is an iron
or other weight connected thereto by the rod passing through a hole in the said
weight, the said weight fitting loosely on the rod and sliding freely thereon.
As the reel rotates the said weights fall when the rods carrying them have
attained a certain angle, and in falling strike against the brackets to which the
rods carrying the said weights are fixed. A rapid series of gentle blows is thus
given to the reel and the bolting process thereby promoted.
In order to brush or clean the silk or wire cloth, strips of india rubber are
stretched between each pair of weights. As the weights slide along the rods on the
rotation of the reel, the edge of the india rubber strip is drawn over the silk or
wire cloth acting as a brush and cleaning the said silk or wire cloth of adhering
particles.
Instead of strips of india rubber, light brushes may be fixed between the weights
and be carried by them over the silk or wire cloth.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, OR SUNSHADES
Year: 1881

page_text: A
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Phillips Thompson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th October 1881.
communication from abroad by Monsieur Jean Ganilh, Maker of Umbrella
Fastenings, 183, Rue St. Denis, Paris.
WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON, of the Firm of W. P. Thompson and Boult,
Agents for Foreign Patent Solicitors, of 323, High Holborn, in the County of
Middlesex, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO UMBRELLAS,
PARASOLS, OR SUNSHADES." A communication from abroad by Monsieur Jean
Ganilh, Maker of Umbrella Fastenings, 183, Rue St. Denis, Paris.
The improvements forming the object of the present demand for a Patent consist
in the combination with the runner of the umbrella of a spring (enclosed in a
groove) fixed in the handle, and of a moveable ring upon the runner or slido which
disengages the spring by a simple push-movement.
To open the umbrella or to close it one (with this arrangement) need only press
upon or push the runner, no special movement or pressure on the spring being
necessary. The ring presses upon the spring, which causes the umbrella to open.
To close it all that is required is to pull back (towards oneself) the runner.
In carrying out this Invention the following is a good arrangement. Upon the
handle are fixed in a groove or slot two springs with perpendicular heels facing
each other, similar to the ordinary springs, but two facing in opposite directions
instead of one leaving an indentation or clear space in the length of the stick
between them. These springs are preferably placed at an angle of 90 degrees with
cach other, and the parts forming the indentation can enter into the groove in the
handle and be level with it, so as to allow the runner to pass. This runner has
two slots corresponding in their positions to the two springs, and two flanges or
stops, which arrange themselves in the indentation aforesaid and forin the stop.
Upon the runner is mounted a ring.
When one pushes the runner in pressing on the ring this ring presses the heel of
the spring and forces it into the handle. The indentation which retains the stop
thus vanishes. The stop is free and the umbrella can open. When it arrives at the
top the ring presses down the spring, travels till it meets a special stop. The stop
on the runner then falls into the indentation between the springs. In closing the
umbrella the same thing occurs, except that there is a pull upon the ring instead of
a push.
IMPROVEMENTS
Year: 1881

page_text: (Void by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Kinder at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th February 1881.
.
HENRY KINDER, of Leicester, in the County of Leicester.
TRICYCLES."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
This Invention, which relates to improvements in tricycles, has reference to
machines the travelling wheels of which are operated by the feet of the rider
through cranks and treadles, or by the hands of the rider through levers, or by a
combination of both, and has for its object to obtain additional or auxiliary power
in the working of the said machines.
The Invention consists in providing one or more of the axles of the wheels of
the machine with a coiled spring or springs, either fixed directly upon the axles or
communicating their power thereto through the intervention of suitable gearing,
which can be thrown in and out of operation at the will of the rider.
On descending an incline the auxiliary is unnecessary, but if required for
ascending a hill or rendering greater assistance to the driver on the level it can be
immediately put in use.
The special feature in this Invention is that it is always under the rider's
perfect control if judiciously applied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BELLS, KNOCKERS, LETTER PLATES, AND ANALOGOUS DOOR FURNITURE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Righter Comings at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd March 1881.
WILLIAM RIGHTER COMINGS, of Upper Thames Street, in the City of London.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BELLS, KNOCKERS, LETTER PLATES, AND ANALOGOUS DOOR
FURNITURE"
This Invention relates to that class of door furniture usually made of metal, and
applied to street and office doors.
Hitherto it has been customary to apply letter plates to one part of the door,
knockers to another, and bell pulls with their connected wires to the bells to the
jamb or door post. This system entails much fitting, and it is also usually
impossible for the ringer to tell whether the bell has sounded or not.
Invention consists in improved forms and arrangements of apparatus whereby the
above defects are done away with, as also in an improved construction of bell, all
as hereinafter described.
This
The improved bell or gong is constructed with and operated by clock mechanism
governed by an escapement in the ordinary manner. The spring of said mechanism
being compressed or "wound up" by means of a lever or other attachment connected
with the bell pull. The reaction of the spring after being thus compressed, passes
through the escapement mechanism, and causes a bell hammer, which is substituted
for the ordinary pendulum, to strike for some seconds upon the bell or gong, giving
(until the spring is unwound) what may be called a continnously repeated or
"electric stroke." Said bell may be placed upon the interior face of the door, and
the ringer will thus be enabled to hear if the bell is sounded or not, or if desired
the bell may be removed to any convenient distance from the door, and be connected
with the lever or pull by wires in the usual way. The bell pull is carried through
the door and letter plate, and if a lever pull is employed, it is pivotted on the back
of the letter plate. If said plate be made of malleable metal, it may be cast with
hubs or bearings provided with small projecting pieces or ears, which can very
readily be bent down over the trunnions of the lever pull, so as to secure it in
position without the necessity of drilling and rivetting. When said plate is made
of cast iron or other brittle metal, these small projecting ears may be made of
wrought iron secured on the frame work during casting, and this method of forming
•

page_text: the bearings I find convenient and economical, and also applicable to the hinging or
hanging or hanging of the lid or cover of the opening for letters in the letter plate.
The letter plate portion is made preferably with a vertical opening, and is provided
with a lid or cover which opens outwards instead of inwards, said cover being so
shaped (by making it heavier at the bottom, and providing it with a suitable handle) 5
as to adapt it for use as a knocker. One of the bolts which secures the plate to the
door is so placed that the knocker may strike upon it in falling. The words "letters,"
"knock," and "ring," are placed upon the parts in the usual manner, and the word
"pull" is cast upon the lever handle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHIMNEY CAPS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Brealey at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th October 1881.
ROBERT BREALEY, of New Tothill Street, in the City of Westminster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CHIMNEY CAPS."
My Invention has for its object to construct chimney caps or cowls in such a
manner that the smoke can escape freely from whichever side the air current may
come.
For this purpose I provide two exits for the smoke, one at the top and one at
the base of the cowl, and curve the adjoining surfaces so as to deflect the wind
outward, thereby producing a suction on the products of combustion. The cowl is
preferably made of sheet metal with four or more sides converging pyramidally
towards the top. Below the ring shaped outlet at the base of the cowl a flange is
applied extending outward and downward, and serving to arrest any air current
which may come from below, and which would otherwise pass over the ring shaped
aperture.
The circular or square opening at the top of the cowl is surmounted by a cup-
shaped deflector secured to the cowl at a sufficient distance from the top, opening
to allow the passage of the products of combustion, but arresting any air current
which may come from above, and which would cause a down draught.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLIANCES FOR PREVENTING THE EFFLUX OF DELETERIOUS GASES FROM. DRAINS, PIPES, AND OVERFLOWS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Spencer Rolfe at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th March 1881.
CHARLES SPENCER ROLFE, of 5, Westminster Chambers, Victoria Street,
Westminster, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPLIANCES FOR PREVENTING THE EFFLUX OF DELETERIOUS GASES FROM. DRAINS,
PIPES, AND OVERFLOWS."
My Invention relates to improvements in stench traps or appliances for
preventing the efflux of deleterious gases from drains, pipes, and overflows, whereby
the outside air can freely enter the drain without destroying the seal of the trap,
and in the event of pressure arising in the drain an increased depth of seal is
produced to oppose it, whilst a large freeway is provided for the passage of solid
substances.
In the accompanying Drawing Figure 1 represents a suitable arrangement of
stench trap for carrying out my Invention as applied to water-closets, urinals, and
the like.
E is a casing, preferably of the form shewn, and having fixed therein a dish or
receptacle F. The inlet G, which may be either of the form shewn or conical, dips
for a distance (which distance represents the depth of the seal) below the edge of
the dish. I prefer making the dish of the form shewn in Figure 6 of the Drawing,
which represents a section of Figure 1, taken at a, b.
In some cases I find it advantageous to vary the form of the casing and to make
the basin circular in plan, as shewn in Figure 7, or of the form shewn in Figure 8.
Figure 9 shews another form of inlet. The dotted lines, Figure 1, shew a clearing
out opening. A lip may be placed on the sides of the basin and rather lower
where the overflow takes place. Figure 2 represents my improvements as applied
to sink traps, and Figure 3 is a sectional plan of the same at c, d. Figures 4 and
5 represent the traps as applied for trapping the outlets of baths, lavatories, and
the like. In Figure 9 is shewn a small lipped notch which I sometimes form in
one or more places in the lower edge of the inlet, and in the same Figure is shewn
a small portion of the lower edge of the inlet notched and bent inwards.
Figure 10 represents a suitable form of my improved trap as applied to gullies.

page_text: Figure 11 represents a suitable construction of my improved trap for trapping
stoneware or other drain pipes by simply disconnecting one of the joints of the
pipe and dropping the trap into the socket, and then replacing the portion of the
pipe which had been removed and cementing the joint in the usual manner.
The whole of the various forms of my improved traps may be employed in
conjunction with the ordinary forms of traps and upon all classes of pipes, drains,
and outlets.
AN IMPROVED PEN FOR USE WITH FOUNTAIN OR RESERVOIR HOLDERS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th November 1881. A communi-
cation from Eugen Spindler, of Chemitz, in the Empire of Germany.
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Solicitors, at
Frankfort on the Main, in the Empire of Germany. "AN IMPROVED PEN FOR USE
WITH FOUNTAIN OR RESERVOIR HOLDERS." [A communication from Eugen
Spindler, of Chemitz, in the Empire of Germany.]
This Invention relates to the preparation or treatment of steel pens or nibs to
specially adapt the same for use with fountain or reservoir holders.
In carrying the said Invention into practice I coat or cover the inner surface of
the pen or nib (except the writing point) with a glutinous substance, insoluble in
ink, this substance being composed of varnish, lac, and soluble glass, and this
coating is then covered with some loose fibrous material, such as wool, silk, or
cotton dust, or with woven fabric, so as to provide a rough surface. The object of
this preparation is to cause the ink to flow gradually from the upper part (as it
comes from the reservoir) to the point of the pen. Without this roughened surface
the gradual flowing of the ink to the point is impossible, the smooth surface of
the metal allowing the ink to flow too fast or to drop. By means of my Invention
a considerable difficulty in this class of pens is overcome.
THE MAKING OF PIPE OR TUBE CONNECTIONS AND ACCESSORIES, SUCH AS BENDS, UNIONS, ELBOWS, TEE-PIECES, SOCKETS, DIMINISHING JOINTS, AND CROSSES IN MALLEABLE CAST IRON INSTEAD OF WRO'T IRON, OF WHICH THEY ARE NOW MADE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Howard Frank Baker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th May 1881.
HOWARD FRANK BAKER, Malleable and General Ironfounder, of Smethwick, in
the County of Stafford. "THE MAKING OF PIPE OR TUBE CONNECTIONS AND
ACCESSORIES, SUCH AS BENDS, UNIONS, ELBOWS, TEE-PIECES, SOCKETS, DIMINISHING
JOINTS, AND CROSSES IN MALLEABLE CAST IRON INSTEAD OF WRO'T IRON, OF WHICH
THEY ARE NOW MADE."
My Invention consist of the improvements hereinafter described.
In the cheapness, facility, and ease of manufacture; also in the exact multipli-
cation of the various parts before mentioned, and of being able to produce them
with a better and neater finish; also in the facility afforded of imparting to any
of the parts mentioned any modification of form or thickness which may be
desirable for any particular purpose.
The said malleable castings would be equal in strength in every respect to the
same articles made in wro't-iron which are welded.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR STEAMING TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Horatio Hargraves and
James Brodbelt Green at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on
the 17th February 1881.
EDWIN HORATIO HARGRAVES and JAMES BRODBELT GREEN, both of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS
FOR STEAMING TEXTILE FABRICS."
This Invention relates to the construction of apparatus employed for steaming
woven or textile fabrics, such as printed calicoes and other goods, for fixing or
"ageing" the colors or for other purposes, and consists principally in the use in
such apparatus of steam pipes or chests perforated or provided with small orifices
through which issue jets of steam which impinge directly upon both surfaces of
the cloth or textile fabric as the latter is drawn along between the said steam pipes
or chests, whereby the steaming will be effected in a simpler and more expeditious
manner than hitherto.
We do not confine ourselves to nor do we claim any particular arrangement of
mechanism so long as this particular feature of causing jets of steam to impinge
directly upon the fabrics is adhered to, but we prefer that the machine should be
so arranged that the cloth or fabric passes first between a series of the perforated
steam pipes or chests, then round a heated steam cylinder to dry the same, next
between a second series of perforated steam pipes and round a second drying
cylinder, repeating this arrangement if more than two steamings are found
necessary.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MODE OR MEANS OF LIFTING WATER
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Palmer at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th October 1881.
JOHN HENRY PALMER of Aston juxta Birmingham in the County of Warwick
Manufacturer. "A NEW OR IMPROVED MODE OR MEANS OF LIFTING WATER."
In this Invention a segment of a screw is surrounded by a cylinder which is
bored to fit the outside diameter of the segmental screw the cylinder is closed at
each end by suitable covers. The cylinder being placed in a vertical position the
top cover against which the upper terminant of the seginental screw fits, is perforated
to permit the introduction of a sliding piece, which rests at its lower end upon the
segmental screw and is held in position by suitable guides; the same perforation
allowing the passage of fluid from the cylinder to the delivery pipe above.
The upper cover is bored concentrically with the cylinder to allow the insertion
of a shaft by which a rotary or semi-rotary motion is communicated to the segmental
screw through which the shaft passes to rest upon suitable bearers attached to the
lower cover.
Upon giving a. rotary motion to the segmental screw the sliding piece rises on a
direction parallel to the bore of the cylinder and consequently the fluid contained in
that part of the cylinder above the lowest portion of the segmental screw, is forced
through the perforation in the upper cover, and thence through the delivery pipe;
waste or escape being prevented by reason of the sliding-piece fitting accurately
against the inside of the cylinder on its outer edge, and fitting partly round the
central shaft of the segmental screw at its inner edge, its lower end being so shaped
as to fit closely to that part of the segmental screw upon which it rests. Upon the
completion of a revolution the sliding piece no longer raised or supported by the
upper terminant of the segmental screw falls by gravitation or is impelled by
suitable mechanism to its original position resting upon the lower terminant of the
segmental screw, and upon continuation of the rotary motion is again raised as
before described.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY SLEEPERS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Giraud Browning at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th November 1881. A com
munication from abroad by Bradford Leslie, of Calcutta, in the Indian
Empire.
ARTHUR GIRAUD BROWNING, of No. 3, Victoria Street, Westminster Abbey,
in the County of Middlesex. "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY
SLEEPERS." [A communication from abroad by Bradford Leslie, of Calcutta, in
the Indian Empire.]
This Invention relates to an improved construction of wrought iron or steel
transverse railway sleepers, more particularly adapted for lines that are ballasted
with hard stone, on which dished or hollow sleepers are not found to answer.
The improved construction consists of a flat plate having a central longitudinal
rib on its underside, the rib being however by preference of comparatively small
depth in proportion to the width of the plate, which plate after being rolled is cut
out to a considerable extent at the middle part on each side of the rib, thus
forming a sleeper presenting at each end a broad flat surface for bedding firmly on
the ballast and for having the chairs secured to them, these parts being connected
together by a narrow central part acting as a tie and consisting of the rib with a
small portion of the plate left projecting on each side thereof. This form of
sleeper has the double advantage of affording facility for firmly packing the under-
side thereof on the ballast, and of being comparatively very light, and consequently
economical in transport. By preference the edges of the plate are formed with
slightly projecting fillets on the undersides.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BICYCLES AND OTHER VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Humphrey George Hardtman
Berkeley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th February
1881.
HUMPHREY GEORGE HARDTMAN BERKELEY, of Oxford Terrace, Hyde Park,
Student at Law. IMPROVEMENTS IN BICYCLES AND OTHER VELOCIPEDES."
"
My Invention has principally for its object to utilise the muscular force imparted
by the legs in propelling bicycles or other velocipedes to greater advantage, and in
a more direct line with the body than has hitherto been attained.
It consists in the application and use to the axle of the driving wheel of a bicycle
or other velocipede, at each side thereof, a toothed wheel or pinion geared into by
a toothed wheel placed immediately above it on the same vertical centre line, or to
either side of it, as found most suitable.
To these engaging toothed wheels are attached the propelling levers and treadles,
so that for producing a forward motion of the bicycle or other velocipede, the feet
act on the treadles in the reverse direction to that at present the case.
By this means the muscular force of the legs act through the feet in a more
direct line with the body, and with greater intensity when the treadles and levers
are in the most advantageous position for propelling the machine, or at half
stroke.
These
The engaging toothed wheels may either be of equal or larger diameter than the
toothed wheels or pinions on the axle. If larger, the rapid motion of the legs, now
so fatiguing, will be avoided, and increased propelling power obtained.
wheels are mounted on short separate axles on each side of the fork, which is
specially constructed for the purpose.
I also prefer to use glass bearings for the axle and toothed wheels, thereby
ensuring less wear than is the case with metal or other bearings at present used.