Character, such as Petroleum, Turpentine, and the like.
Year: 1885

page_text: Character, such as Petroleum, Turpentine, and the like.
I HENRY FREDERICK SWAN of North Jesmond, in the City and County of
Newcastle upon Tyne, Shipbuilder, do hereby declare the nature of my said
invention to be as follows:-
The object of any invention is to effect improvements in the construction of
navigable vessels for carrying liquids in bulk, including cargoes of a volatile
character such as petroleum, turpentine, and the like; the special construction of
the vessel at the same time permitting of a sufficient amount of water ballast being
carried, to enable the vessels to make long voyages, without its being necessary
to put the water ballast into the chambers or compartments in which cargo is
carried, and at the same time raising the centre of gravity of the cargo and ballast
respectively to give the vessel proper sea going qualities.
I construct new vessels of the usual shipbuilding materials, or alter existing
vessels, and subdivide them by transverse and longitudinal bulkheads into
numerous cells or compartments, each self contained and watertight. The upper
part of the cells or compartments may be formed by the upper or any intermediato
deck of the vessel, the sides of the latter forming the sides of the cargo cells or
compartments; but the bottoms of the cells or compartments are formed by con-
structing them inside the bottom of the vessel herself; the intermediate space
being utilized for carrying water ballast; but in every case the upper side of the
space in which the ballast is contained must be raised in the centre line trans-
versely; for the purpose of raising the centre of gravity of the water ballast.
Although I prefer to make the bottom of the cells inclined in a straight line from
the vessels bilge, to the centre line; as this incidentally gives a very effective form
for pumping out the cargo compartments the bottom may (if preferred) be made of
a more or less curved form, but so that in every case the ballast is so contained
that its centre of gravity is kept at a proper height in relation to the vessels
proportions and stability.

page_text: To allow for the expansion and contraction of the cargoes I construct on the
upper part of the compartments trunks or boxes, which, being connected with the
compartments by apertures will allow the liquid cargoes to expand or contract and
overflow into such trunks or boxes.
These trunks or boxes also serve as receptacles for the volatile gases, which can
be discharged therefrom by means of vapour pipes; and the trunks or boxes may
also be fitted with indicators, which will show the height of the liquid in any cell or
compartment. These trunks or boxes may be circular or rectangular in horizontal
section, and in the latter case may or may not (as preferred) extend the full length
of the compartment containing the liquid cargo.
"

page_text: 45335
Carrying Liquids in Bulk, Including Cargoes of a Volatile
Character, such as Petroleum, Turpentine, and the like.
I HENRY FREDERICK SWAN of North Jesmond in the City and County of
Newcastle on Tyne, Shipbuilder, do hereby declare the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of my invention is to effect improvements in the construction of
navigable vessels for carrying liquids in bulk including cargoes of a volatile
character, such as petroleum, turpentine, and the like; the special construction of
the vessel at the same time permitting a sufficient amount of water ballast being
carried to enable the vessels to make long voyages without its being necessary
to put the water ballast into the chambers or compartments in which cargo
carried, and at the same time raising the centre of gravity of the cargo and ballast
respectively to give the vessel proper sea-going qualities.
is
My invention includes special structural arrangements and appliances for
permitting in a self acting manner, the expansion or contraction of the liquid so
carried, which may be caused by variations in the temperature of the atmosphere
or otherwise, and without affecting the seaworthiness of the vessel; and at the
same time allowing for the escape of the volatile gases which may be evolved from
the cargo.
In carrying out my invention I construct vessels of the usual shipbuilding
materials, or alter existing vessels, in either case sub-dividing them by one or
more longitudinal bulkheads, and several transverse bulkheads into numerous cells
or compartments. The aggregate capacity of the cells or compartments to be equal
more or less to the full cargo carrying capacity of the vessel.
The upper deck of the cells or compartments may be formed by the main or
upper deck of the vessel; or a special deck may be constructed at any suitable
height.
The sides of the cells or compartments would be formed by the sides of the vessel
from the deck to the point where the inclined floor of the cells or compartments
intersects the vessel's skin-The bottom or floor of the cells or compartments would
be formed in a sloping direction as hereinafter described; but so that, in every case:
the centre of gravity of the ballast is raised to a sufficient height to insure the
vessel having good sea-going qualities.
The number and size of the cells or compartments is to be determined with.
reference to the relative proportions of the vessel herself, so that the filling or
emptying of any one compartment would not dangerously affect the vessel, whether.
she be in a light or laden condition, and also to give the necessary amount of meta-:
centric height. As however, the present invention contemplates the liquid cargo.
and ballast being carried in compartments that are entirely distinct, the possibility.

page_text: is given of keeping the water ballast filled until almost the whole of the cargo is
loaded, thereby tending to keep the vessel in an upright position.
It is a necessary condition of this mode of transporting liquid cargo that the cells
or compartments must be kept absolutely full, and for this purpose each bulkhead,
as also the deck of the cells or compartments must be constructed in a sufficiently
strong manner, so that each individual cell or compartment will stand the maximum
head pressure that can be brought upon it through any position of the ships
structure or fixed fittings.
To provide however for any possible leakage through the end bulkheads of
the cargo compartments, I form wells to receive any such leakage, with pumping
arrangements so devised that any leakage may be pumped from the wells and
returned to the cells or compartments.
To control the liquid with which the cells or compartments may be filled, and to
permit of expansion or contraction by self-acting means in such cargoes as are of an
expansive character, I fit to each cell or compartment one or more trunks or boxes,
the capacity and height of which are regulated by the nature of the liquid likely
to be carried. It being absolutely necessary to have each trunk or box always
partially filled to insure that the corresponding cells or compartments with which
it is in connection are also full.
Sometimes I construct a trunk or box common to two or more compartments but
in every case apertures are made in the deck of the cells or compartments on which
the trunks or boxes stand and through which apertures the liquid cargo may expand
or contract, and they also give ready exit both for the air while the cells or com-
partments are being filled, or for gases evolved from the cargo; and this would be
very completely attained by making the trunks or boxes extend the full length of
the cells or compartments-they may however be made of any less length and in
horizontal section,-may be circular, rectangular, or of any other convenient
form.
The trunks or boxes will also be fitted with wash plates to control the liquid
contained in them, and prevent it from dashing about in an injurious way when the
ship is in motion in a sea-way.
The trunks or boxes will also form receivers for the volatile gases evolved from
the cargo, and vapour pipes will be fitted to them to carry off the said gases.
Manholes will also be fitted to the trunks or boxes by means of which the cells or
compartments can be conveniently filled.
To each trunk or box I fit floats glass tubes or other well known methods of
indicating the height of the liquid contained therein.
For emptying the cells or compartments I provide a pump or pumps with main
pipes and branches, in such a manner that any individual cell or compartment can
be separately emptied; and by fitting a filling pipe to the main pipe in any con-
venient position an alternative mode of filling any individual cell or compartment
is provided.
And in order that my said invention may be particularly described and ascer-
tained reference is hereby made to the accompanying drawings, in which similar.
letters of reference indicate corresponding parts, and which drawings are intended
to shew generally the manner in which such vessels may be fitted.
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation and Figs. 2 and 3 are cross sections of
a vessel shewing alternative modes of carrying the liquid cargo and ballast. In
these Figures a a are the compartments for cargo, bb the compartments for ballast,
cc the bulkheads; d the Engine room: ee the trunks or boxes; ƒ ƒ are wells;
gg indicators or floats.
In Fig. 1 the propelling machinery is shewn placed aft, so as to give greater
safety from fire when the vessel is carrying volatile or inflammable cargoes, the
machinery may however be placed in any other convenient position and the
arrangement and distribution of the cargo cells or compartments may be varied
accordingly.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. In the construction of navigable vessels for the purposes aforesaid, the sub-
division of the hold space or some part thereof into separate tight compartments in
such a manner that a full cargo of liquid can be carried-or, alternatively a
sufficient amount of water ballast to enable the vessels to make long voyages
without its being necessary to carry any of the water ballast in the cargo com-
partments, while giving to the vessel a proper degree of meta-centric height, both
in a laden and ballast condition substantially as herein before described and shewn
on the drawings.
2. In the construction of navigable vessels for carrying liquid cargoes the use of
trunks or boxes in connection with the compartments in which liquids will be
carried, and for the purpose of controlling the liquid contained in the same, and
insuring that the said compartments are always kept full, substantially as herein
before described and shewn on the drawings.
3. In the construction of navigable vessels the use of trunks or boxes in con-
nection with the compartments in which liquid cargo is carried as receptacles for,
and means for carrying off the escaping volatile gases substantially as hereinbefore
described and shewn on the drawings.
4. The general construction and combination of the several and respective parts
together forming my improvements in the construction of navigable vessels for
carrying liquids in bulk, especially cargoes of a volatile character such as petroleum,
turpentine, and the like substantially as hereinbefore described and shewn on the
drawings.