Improvements in or relating to the Manufacture of Moulded Candles and the like, and Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Apr., 1894-Accepted, 2nd June, 1894
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION,
Improvements in or relating to the Manufacture of Moulded Candles
and the like, and Apparatus therefor.
1 FLORENCIO CUAIRAN of Rue Aragon 242, Barcelona, in the Kingdom of
Spain, Candle Maker, do hereby declare the nature of, this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to the manufacture of candles whether made of or with
stearine, paraffine, tallow or wax or any other material or mixture, by the aid of
moulds and the improvements relate especially to the heating of the moulds for the
filling process to the cooling down for the purpose of solidifying the material used,
and to the extraction of the candles from the moulds. The other usual operations
do not undergo any change.
The improvements are applicable to all existing kinds of machines for the
manufacture of candles in moulds.
The operations of heating the moulds and of cooling the same so that the material
contained therein may likewise cool down are effected generally at present by means
of a box or jacket in which the moulds are placed and which is filled with water.
When the moulds are to be heated, hot water is poured or let in and when they are
to be cooled, cold water is poured or let in.
These manipulations require a considerable amount of water and involve loss of
time in filling and emptying the boxes, they also cause a loss of useful effect since
the water not only heats or cools the moulds but also the box.
My invention consists in causing the moulds to be heated and cooled by
irrigating the same or spraying onto the same small jets of hot or cold water
respectively.
Several arrangements are applicable to machines for obtaining the above
mentioned results and these arrangements vary according to the system of candle
making employed and according to the method of installation of the plant.
The devices to be used however consist in general of one or more tubes pierced
with small holes on their surface and placed at each side of the moulds, these tubes
being connected to hot and cold water pipes in such a manner that on opening the
respective cock, cold or hot water may enter the tube, and small jets of water come
from the holes in the tubes and impinge on and flow over the exterior surfaces of
the moulds and heat or cool the same as the case may be.
In the annexed drawing an apparatus is illustrated which realizes the purposes
of this invention.
Fig. 1 is a plan view and Fig. 2 an elevation of the box or reservoir for the
moulds. This box is represented in partial sectional view so as to show the tubes
supplying the hot and cold water.
The box A here encloses four series or rows of moulds B although a greater or
less number may be contained therein, these series or rows may also be composed
of any number of moulds.
Between each of these rows of moulds and likewise at the two exterior
sides, tubes C, pierced with small holes along their surfaces are provided.
These tubes are connected with pipes D and D' one of which (for instance
D supplies hot, and the other (D') water cold.
When the cock D is opened bot water passes into the tubes C, issues through
the small holes of the latter in the form of jets which impinge against and flow
down the moulds B, these latter thus being bathed along their length.
When on the other hand the cock D' is opened (the cock D being closed) cold.

page_text: water issues onto the moulds. In the former case the moulds become heated and in
the latter cooled; the length of time during which these manipulations are to be
carried on is dependent on the circumstances of the manufacture and may be longer
or shorter. The water must have a sufficient pressure so that it may be forced
against the moulds with a moderate force.
Instead of placing the tubes C along the upper part, they may also be arranged
nearer the bottom or even right down at the bottom of the reservoir, the result
attained being however the same.
The manipulation of extracting the candles out of the moulds depends in all
apparatus known at the present upon the contraction which the material undergoes
during its solidifying. When this process of contraction has proceeded so far that
the contraction of the candle material is greater than that of the mould itself, the
candle once solidified separates itself from the surrounding wall of the mould and
may then be pushed up from below and withdrawn at the top.
The degree of contraction however of the material used varies according to its
ingredients; thus paraffine candles of inferior quality and wax candles undergo &
contraction which is hardly perceptible and this fact renders it very difficult to
extract them from such machines which are not provided with the improvement
forming the object of this invention. Owing to this difficulty it has been necessary
to mix the material with paraffine of higher quality or with stearine and further-
more it has been necessary to use water of very low temperature for the cooling
down in order that the candles might detach themselves easily from the moulds.
By this invention it is rendered possible to heat the moulds very rapidly at the
moment when the candles are to be extracted, and this heating is done for the
purpose of expanding the moulds without however being continued so long that
the contained material reaches its melting point.
I utilize this expansion of the mould for this purpose; that whether the material
is of a nature to undergo a higher or lesser degree of contraction, its separation
may take place without difficulty and that the wax candle, tallow candle and others
may be readily removable from the mould.
The heating of the moulds must be done as regularly as possible all over their
surface. For this purpose the cock D is opened at the right moment and jets of
hot water are passed through the small holes of the tubes C against the moulds ;
these latter become heated and their walls expand before their contents are allowed
to melt. If at this moment the machine effects the extraction of the candles
contained in the moulds, this operation will take place with ease and facility.
The industrial results obtained by the aid of this invention are of a great
importance not only in the manufacture of wax candles but also in that of tallow
candles, tapers and others, since up to the present it has not been possible to
manufacture paraffin candles of low grade that is inferior quality, nor was it
possible to produce candles of stearine mixed with paraffin in a proportion up
to 50 %.
It has only been possible in winter time to manufacture paraffine candles of
superior quality in pure condition or mixed with paraffine of inferior quality, but
there have been no tapers or candle sticks of pure bees' wax manufactured without
a mixture of stearine because of the want of sufficient contraction of the material
during the solidifying process. On the other hand by using my improvement any
kind of candles of any kind of mineral or vegetable wax or other material may be
manufactured, despite of their undergoing no perceptible contraction.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed; I declare that what I
claim is.
Improvements in and relating to the manufacture of moulded candles and the
like consisting in.
1. The heating of the moulds by irrigation with hot water or by the aid of
small jets of hot water directed onto the outer surface of said moulds.

page_text: 2. The cooling of the moulds for the purpose of accelerating the solidifying of
the material by irrigation with cold water or by the aid of small jets of cold water
directed onto the outer surfaces of the moulds.
3. The heating of the moulds immediately preparatory to or at the moment when
the manufactured products are to be extracted sufficiently to expand the moulds so
that the solidified contents can be readily and entirely withdrawn.
4. In machines for moulding candles and the like, the combination with the
moulds of one or more tubes pierced with small holes on their surface, these tubes
being arranged laterally of the rows of moulds to deliver on to the surface of the
latter small jets or streams of hot or cold water as the case may be for heating and
cooling the moulds respectively.
A 1004
R. HADDAN,
Of the Firm of Herbert Haddan & Co.,
18, Buckingham Street, Strand, London, W.C.
R. HADDAN,
Of the Firm of Herbert Haddan & Co.,
18, Buckingham Street, Strand, London, W.C.