D Rooms and other Enclosed Spaces.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Apr., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 5th Jan., 1889
Complete Specification Accepted, 5th Feb., 1889
RES
D
Rooms and other Enclosed Spaces.
We, DE FONBLANQUE PENNEFATHER, of 13 Rumford Street, Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, Cotton Broker, and JOHN HENRY RICHARDSON DINSMORE, of
Emlyn Street, Liverpool, also in the County of Lancaster, Engineer do hereby
declare the nature of our said invention to be as follows :-
The Invention relates to that type of apparatus and systems which have more
especially for their object the removal and renewal of vitiated, or partially vitiated
atinosphere of rooms of dwelling housos, railway carriages, places of public resort,
such as theatres and like, or equivalent enclosed spaces, which are occupied,
frequented, or used by mankind, but which may also be applied to other spaces from
whence the removal and renewal of the atmosphere is desired.
This Invention has for its object, amongst other things, the providing of a simple,
efficient and inexpensive means for ventilating enclosed spaces of the kind above
stated, and when required one that shall be active, or operative under all metereo-
logical conditions.
For the sake of brevity and facility of description we will proceed to set forth the
nature of the present Invention as applied to the ventilating of one, or more rooms of
a dwelling house. According to our Invention we provide on a system of ventilating
apparatus of a dwelling house, two chief means, or modes of delivering, or supplying
air to the room, or the air motors therein. One of these means consists of a cowl, or
cowls, whose mouths collect air and convey it to the system of ventilating pipes and
apparatus hereafter described; the other being a water jet, or spray device, which is
chiefly useful and is intended to be employed at those times when the velocity of the
wind is small, or insufficient, or during actual calms.
The air motors, which under some conditions we employ, consist of nozzles, or tubes
through which the air delivered by the cowls, or water sprays is forced and by which
the atmosphere of the space, or room to be ventilated is withdrawn and ejected, or
injected. These exhaust nozzles, tubes, or devices are placed anywhere on the system
of ventilating pipes, but by preference are placed near the ceiling of a room and are
supplied with air from a main air pipe which is fed by the cowl, or water spray, or jet.

page_text: Part, or the whole of the air introduced by the cowl, or water jet may be applied as
the motor fluid, and part, or the whole may be used to replace that quantity removed
by the exhaustors, or eduction pipes, which I may term ejectors. In such a case cold
jet, water, might be employed in hot weather to cool the air and warm, in colder
weather to warm it; but in either case the water spray effects the removal from the
incoming air of a large portion of dirt, or solid matters carried by it.
One arrangement of cowl and water jet apparatus suitable for application to
ventilating a house consists of a cowl, placed at the upper portion of the house and
having a plurality of mouths, or a vane by which the cowl is automatically kept up in
the direction of the wind. A pipe, or main is led from this cowl and is provided
with the water jet, or spray nozzle, which directs and sprays the water downwards.
The bottom of the pipe is provided with a water seal where the jet water escapes and
the air from this point is led, or forced and from the upcast pipe; the various pipes
to supply the ventilating ejectors, or injectors are led to the different rooms, or
portions of the house.
The jet may be of mechanical, or non mechanical kind. When of the mechanical
kind it may be provided with pipes, or nozzles so arranged that the reaction of the
effluent water causes it to revolve and the motion so obtained may be used to rotate a
fan, placed on, or in connection with the jet, such fan being used as an auxiliary air
mover to the jet, or the combined cowl and jot.
The upcast pipes which are fed from the various exhaust air pipes of the rooms or
chambers may if desired be provided with a cowl of any suitable kind.
It must be understood that various modifications and applications of the apparatus,
or incans of ventilating above described may be made and that the example of
arrangement and construction of apparatus merely constitutes one application of the
improvements according to this Invention.
Datel this 7th day of Annil 1000

page_text: Rooms and other Enclosed Spaces.
We, DE FONBLANQUE PENNEFATHER, of 13 Rumford Street, Liverpool, in the County
of Lancaster, Cotton Broker, and JOHN HENRY RICHARDSON DINSMORE, of Emlyn
Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature.
of our said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to lie
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The Invention relates to that type of apparatus and systems which have more
especially for their object the removal and renewal of vitiated, or partially vitiated
atmosphere of rooms of dwelling houses, railway carriages, places of public resort,
such as theatres and like or equivalent enclosed spaces, which are occupied,
frequented, or used by mankind, but which may also be applied to other spaces from
whence the removal and renewal of the atmosphere is desired.
This Invention has for its object, amongst other things, the providing of a simple,
efficient and inexpensive means for ventilating enclosed spaces of the kind above
stated, and when required one that shall be active, or operative under all meterological
conditions.
For the sake of brevity and facility of description, we will proceed to set forth the
nature of the present Invention as applied to the ventilating of one, or more rooms
of a dwelling house. According to our Invention, we provide on a system of
ventilating apparatus of a dwelling house, two chief means or modes of delivering,
One of these means
or supplying air to the room, or the air motors therein.
consists of a cowl, or cowls, whose months collect air and convey it to the system
of ventilating pipes and apparatus hereafter described; the other being a water jet, or
spray device, which is chiefly useful and is intended to be employed at those times
when the velocity of the wind is small, or insufficient, or during actual calms.
The air motors, which under some conditions we employ, consist of nozzles, or
tubes through which the air delivered by the cowls, or water sprays is forced and
by which the atmosphere of the space, or room to be ventilated is withdrawn and
ejected, or injected. These exhaust nozzles, tubes, or devices are placed anywhere on
the system of ventilating pipes, but by preference are placed near the ceiling of a
room and are supplied with air from a main air pipe which is fed by the cowl, or
water spray, or jet.
The whole of the air introduced by the cowl, or water jet may be applied as the
motor fluid, or part thereof may be used to replace that quantity removed by the
exhausters, or eduction pipes, which I may term ejectors, and suitable valves placed
on the pipes may be used for these purposes. In such a case cold jet water might
be employed in hot weather to cool the air and warm in colder weather to warm it ;
but in either case the water spray effects the removal from the incoming air of a
large portion of dirt, of solid matters carried by it.
One arrangement of cowl and water jet apparatus suitable for application to

page_text: ventilating a house consists of a cowl, placed at the upper portion of the house and
having a plurality of mouths, or a vane by which the cowl is automatically kept up in
the direction of the wind. A pipe, or main is led from this cowl and is provided with
the water jet, or spray nozzle, which directs and sprays the water downwards. The
bottom of the pipe is provided with a water seal where the jet water escapes and the
air from this point is led, or forced and from the upcast pipo; the various pipes to
supply the ventilating ejectors, or injectors are led to the different rooms, or portions
of the house.
The jet may be of mechanical, or non-mechanical kind. When of the mechanical
kind it may be provided with pipes, or nozzles so arranged that the reaction of the
effluent water causes it to revolve and the motion so obtained may be used to rotate
a fan placed on, or in connection with the jet, such fan being used as an auxiliary air
mover to the jet, or the combined cowl and jet.
The upcast pipes which are fed from the various exhaust air pipes of the rooms or
chambers may if desired be provided with a cowl of any suitable kind.
It must be understood that various modifications and applications of the apparatus,
or means of ventilating above described may be made and that the example of
arrangement and construction of apparatus merely constitutes one application of the
improvements according to this Invention.
The drawings which serve to illustrate our Invention show various examples of
ventilating apparatus embodying Improvements according to our Invention, the
nature of which has been above generally described.
The drawings are marked with figures and lettors of reference corresponding with
those used in the following explanation of them, like letters and figures being used
throughout the various views and figures to denote the same and corresponding
parts.
Figure 1 is a sectional view of a three storied building provided with ventilating
apparatus according to our Invention.
Figure 2 shows a modified arrangement of ventilating apparatus, according to my
Invention, as applied to a three storied house.
Figure 3 is a detail of an air collector and downcast pipe having a water spray
device in it.
Figure 4 is a detail in section, showing an air exhausting nozzle as shown in
Figure 2.
Figure 5 shows the nozzle in multiple form.
Figure 6 shows the nozzle in multiple form spreading right and left of a main air
supply pipe.
Figure 7 shows another modified form of extracting device.
Figures 89 and 10 aro respectively end view in section, inside elevation, and
outside elevation of an " outside arrangement of apparatus ; and
Figure 11 is a diagrammatic view showing another form or arrangement of
apparatus according to our Invention.
With reference in the first instance to Figure 1A is an air collecting cowl placed
above the roof T of a house; B is a downcast and B₁ the latter being a continuation
of the former; h is a water spraying nozzle of any known suitable kind placed in
the pipe B and secured to the end of the water pipo H, the supply to which is
controlled by a cock ¹; A¹ is the bend wherein the downcast and upcast pipes end
and commence respectively, and at which point a water syphon trap a³ is provided to
let off the water used by the spray; C are branch pipes leading from the upcast
pipe B' and deliver air to the rooms through suitable apertures formed therein or
upon same. The above parts constitute the means by which the supply of fresh air
is introduced into the various rooms of a house: the means for effecting the
extraction of air and gases from the rooms are the following:-P is an upcast pipe
having an extractor cow! I upon its upper end, and Q are pipes connected with P
and provided with suitable opening or aperture through which the air or gases
escape from the rooms in which they are placed. The arrows in the Figure illustrate
the direction of the motor as well as the moved fluids.

page_text: At times when there is little or no wind the water spray his turned on and air,
instead of being forced down the cowl A by the force of the wind as it would be when
it exerts any considerable pressure, is drawn in and forced down by the action of
the water spray, and to cause such air to be properly and easily distributed to the
rooms, it is caused by the pipo B to be conducted upwards and then distributed through
the distributing pipes C or equivalent distributing apertures or outlets. A volume
equal to that delivered into a room or space, must of course be removed by means of
the pipes Q and P or by some suitable means, or outlet for same.
In lieu of placing the pipes or any of them within the house and rooms as shown
in the drawings it might in many cases be preferable to place them outside, or have
them laid on or built in the walls.
In Figure 2 is shown a continuous system wherein the pipes Care provided with
air extracting nozzle or devices D hereinafter described and controlling valves b', and
air is drawn from the room by these nozzles and delivered into the upcast escape
pipe P. It will be seen that the pipes are led out of the upcast pipe B¹ as in
Figure 1 and the water spray nozzle is placed in the downcast pipe B.
In this case, as in all which more than one of the extracting nozzles D are
employed on the pipe C or its equivalent the part of the pipe following or succeeding
the first extractor must be made larger than its preceeding portion, that is, it must
be made, at least of sufficient size to take the original volume of nir introduced, plus
the volume extracted from the room or other space; also valves b¹ may be employed
on these or other pipes to control the apparatus and by opening or closing them tho
apparatus may be made to extract or exhaust air from, or deliver air to the space or
room.
An exhausting device D consists essentially of a nozzle or pipe d, of contracted
area, or of the full pipe area, inserted into a pipe in such a manner that the air in
passing though the nozzle, and entering the pipe in which it is placed, draws air or
gas from the outside atmosphere of the device into such pipe and forces it along to
the outlet. The exhausters shown in the drawings are provided with a case e which
holds each nozzle and its supply and exhaust air pipe together and is provided with
air inlet apertures.
Figures 5 and 6 illustrate an arrangement of exhausters of the type shown in
Figure 2, in multiple. These arrangements are particularly applicable when a
concentrated exhaustion effect is desired.
The exhaust device D shown in Figure 7 is designed to apply to cases where it is
desired to arrange the exhausting device D in any desired position and to lead the
air thereto from any distance by pipes f¹.
The arrangement shown in Figures 89 and 10 is one in which the air downcast and
upcast pipes B and B' are placed outside the wall of the house or room to be
ventilated, and the air collecting cowl A is of a well known fixed kind-it being
preferably placed at a point above the roof or in any other suitable position where it
would be subjected to the pressure of the wind. In this example the air forced
either by the wind or the water spray passes through the nozzle D, the mouth of
which forms the exit of the apparatus, and air is extracted from the upper part of the
room to the nozzle D through the passage f. In the pipe B¹ is provided
below which an air pipe is provided communicating between the pipe B₁ and the
interior of the room. The end of the pipe C opening into the room is provided with
a flap valve 2, and these valves b₁ and 6* are connected together by a cord or chain in
such a manner that when 62 is closed 6' is open and vice versa. By regulating these
valves more or less air can be admitted to and extracted from the room at will.
a valve b¹
In lieu of employing the cowl A. the inlet end of the pipe B may be in communi-
cation with the room, and air will thus be extracted at this end as well as by the
extracting nozzle D.
In Figure 11 is shown an arrangement wherein the air collector A, water spray h,
air extracting nozzle & air inlet pipe and air and water outlet P, are all arranged
together in a single apparatus, the extracting dovice operating after the manner sot

page_text: forth with reference to Figure 7. The apparatus may be placed in or near the roof of
the building to be ventilated or in any other suitable and convenient position, the pipe
or pipes as the case may be leading to the spaces to be ventilated or connected to
other pipes through which the air to be extracted is drawn. One or a plurality of
pipes may be used in an apparatus and one or more cowls A, nozzles d, sprays h,
and outlet pipes P, may be used to operate in connection with the pipes f¹.
We would state that the parts forming the ventilating apparatus herein described
and illustrated may be combined and arranged in various ways, and that such parts
may be made or formed of various materials without departing from the nature, spirit
or scope of our Invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
.
1. The arrangement of apparatus for ventilating rooms of buildings herein described,
comprising a cowl or air collector, placed above the roof of the building or in an
equivalent suitable position; a downcast or air supply pipe; an upcust pipe; a water
spraying device arranged in said air supply pipe; and an air distributing outlet or
outlets, operating substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
2. In apparatus for ventilating rooms, buildings, ships cabins or holds and the like,
comprising a cowl or air collector placed in a position to be acted upon by the wind;
an air supply pipe or pipes; a water spraying device in or in connection with said
pipe; one or more exhausters such as described; and an air outlet or outlets, whereby
the ventilation may be effected by the force of the wind or by water spray; arranged
and operating substantially as set forth.
3. In a ventilating apparatus the combination of a pipe or duct a water spray
device placed therein or in connection therewith by which air is forced through said
pipo or duct, and an air extracting nozzle or device of the kind herein described
placed at or in connection with the upper part of the room or space to be ventilated
and adapted to withdraw air or gases from said room or space, substantially as set
forth.
4. In a ventilating apparatus the combination of an air supply pipe, a water
spray device in or in connection with said pipe, a pipe or opening or a plurality
of sume on said air pipe by which air is conducted into the room or space to be
ventilated, and an exhausting or extracting device having a pipe or opening
or a plurality of same by which air or gases aro extracted from the room
space to be ventilated, operating substantially as set forth with reference to
Figures 8, 9 and 10.
or
5. A ventilating apparatus comprising one or more air collectors, one or того
exhausting nozzles, one or more water spray devices one or more pipes by which
the air to be exhausted is conducted to the chamber or pipe in which the nozzle
or nozzles, or water spray device or devices is or are located, the said parts
being adapted to operate and be used upon or above the roof of the building to be
ventilated or in other equivalent position substantially as set forth with reference to
Figure 11.
5. Ventilating apparatus operating substantially in the manner herein described,
that is to say, apparatus wherein atmospheric air is forced or caused to pass through a
pipe or passage by means of a water spray, or by the pressure of the wind or a water
spray at will, and such air is partly or wholly employed as a motor fluid to extract o
exhaust air from the upper part of the space or room to be ventilated.
6. Ventilating apparatus operating substantially in the manner herein described,
that is to say, apparatus wherein atmospheric air is forced or caused to pass through
a pipe or passage by means of a water spray; or by the pressure of the wind or a
water spray at will, and wherein by a valve or valves, inlet and outlet passages, and
extracting devices, provided on such apparatus, such air may be delivered into a
space or room, or employed wholly or partly as a motor fluid to extract or exhaust
air from said space or room.

page_text: 7. The arrangement and combination of parts of the ventilating apparatus set forth
with reference to Figures 8, 9 and 10 of the Drawings.
8. The arrangement and combination of parts of the ventilating apparatus set forth
with reference to Figure 1 of the Drawings.
9. The arrangement and combination of parts of the ventilating apparatus set forth
with reference to Figure 2 of the Drawings.