Improvements in the Manufacture and Ornamentation of Waterproof Fabrics
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Feb., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 10th Nov., 1897-Accepted, 1st Jan., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 10th Nov., 1897-Accepted, 1st Jan., 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
"Improvements in the Manufacture and Ornamentation of
Waterproof Fabrics."
We HARRIS MARKUS of 69 Lever Street, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Waterproof Garment Manufacturer, and GEORGE BENJAMIN BEHRENS of the firm
of Daniel Lee and Company, of 55 Fountain Street, Manchester, aforesaid,
Merchant and Calico Printer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows.
Our said invention relates to improvements in the manufacture and ornamenta-
tion of waterproof fabrics.
In goods of this nature the rubber coated fabrics are usually treated with farina,
bone dust and glass powder. This treatment with farina also takes place when
the goods are to be printed with coloured or other ornamental effects, the farina
acting in conjunction with the printing media or processes so as to more readily
receive, fix and in some instances contrast with the colours and designs. An
objection to the said farina ground is that almost no variety can be imparted to the
ground by means of the farina alone as it is not susceptible of taking dyes and can
only be lightly applied.
Therefore if it should be desired to colour the ground, a general coating of
colour must be applied by any suitable means such for instance as by spreading or
by a roller or rollers.
According to our invention instead of applying farina to the rubber coated
fabrics as heretofore, we apply fine ground or powdered cork. This produces a
surface highly susceptible of receiving any after applied printed design, which
design might be plain, embossed or in colours and be printed or applied by am
ordinary calico printer's machine or other suitable apparatus.
After printing, the colours are fixed by any suitable vulcanising or other process
capable of rendering the printed or pressed design permanent.
A salient advan-
tage gained by the use of pulverised cork as aforesaid for a ground is that the
said pulverised cork takes colour or is dyed so easily that by merely colouring or
dyeing the cork powder to the required colour, shade or tint, and before applying
the powder to the fabric, a ground of any desired colour can be produced on the
waterproof fabric. Upon this ground any desired patterns or designs may be
printed or embossed either before or after vulcanization. In the bulk of cases the
goods are printed before vulcanization and fixed by the after vulcanizing process.
One advantage derivable inter alia from our invention is that we may treat the
inner side of fabrics intended for waterproof garments and form a ground with
printed-on patterns or markings to imitate the usual separate lining composed of
textile materials.
For example in a Newmarket waterproof coat instead of lining the inner side
with the usual check pattern textile lining, we simply produce a woven fabric
with a ground of a suitable colour and having printed on it the check of other
pattern usually appearing on the ordinary lining so that the coat appears to be

page_text: lined in the ordinary manner. Thus the cost of separately applied lining is
saved and the garment made much lighter without being unsightly on the
inner side.
Dated the act of W12_1.
1007
"Improvements in the Manufacture and Ornamentation of
Waterproof Fabrics."
We HARRIS MARKUS of 69 Lever Street, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Waterproof Garment Manufacturer, and GEORGE BENJAMIN BEHRENS of the firm
of Daniel Lee and Company, of 55 Fountain Street, Manchester, aforesaid,
Merchant and Calico l'rinter, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement that is to say.
Our said invention relates to improvements in the manufacture and ornamenta-
tion of waterproof fabrics.
In goods of this nature the rubber coated fabrics are usually treated with farina,
bone dust and glass powder.
This treatment with farina also takes place when the goods are to be printed
with coloured or other ornamental effects, the farina acting in conjunction with
the printing media or processes so as to more readily receive, fix and in some
instances contrast with the colours and designs. An objection to the said farina
ground is that almost no variety of colour can be imparted to the ground by means
of the farina alone as it is not susceptible of taking dyes and can only be lightly.
applied.
Therefore if it should be desired to colour the ground, a general coating of
colour must be applied by any suitable means such for instance as by spreading or
by a roller or rollers.
According to our invention instead of applying farina to the rubber coated
fabrics as heretofore, we apply finely ground or powdered cork. The ground
cork in the form of impalpable powder is dusted over the surface of the rubber
coated fabric whilst the same is in a "tacky" condition. The dusting is effected
by any convenient means.
This produces a surface highly susceptible of receiving any after applied printed
or embossed design which is printed or applied by an ordinary calico printer's
machine or other suitable apparatus.
After printing, the colours are fixed by any suitable vulcanizing or other
process capable of rendering the printed or pressed design permanent. We find
it preferably before vulcanizing to again dust the surface of the printed fabric
with the cork dust. A salient advantage gained by the use of powdered cork as
aforesaid for a ground is that the said powdered cork takes colour or is dyed so
easily that by merely colouring or dyeing the cork powder to the required colour,
shade or tint, and before applying the powder to the fabric, a ground of any desired.
colour can be produced on the waterproof fabric. Instead of colouring or dyeing
the cork powder we may bleach it to obtain a lighter tint. We prefer also before
dyeing the cork dust to bleach the same. Upon this ground any desired patterns
or designs may be printed or embossed either before or after vulcanization. In

page_text: the bulk of cases the goods are printed before vulcanization and fixed by the after
vulcanizing process.
In some cases we may dispense with the printed designs and vulcanize the fabrio
after dusting with the plain or coloured powdered_cork.
Instead of dusting the cork powder as described on the tacky rubber surface
we may mix the powder in its natural colour, or bleached or coloured as desired,
with the rubber before the same is spread upon the fabric.
One advantage derivable inter alia from our invention is that we may treat
the inner side of fabrics intended for waterproof garments and form a ground
with printed-on patterns or markings to imitate the usual separate lining composed
of textile materials.
For example in a Newmarket waterproof coat instead of lining the inner side
with the usual check pattern textile lining, we simply produce a woven fabric
with a ground of a suitable colour obtained by dusting on the plain or coloured
cork powder, or by mixing the cork powder with the rubber as described, and print
on it the check or other pattern usually appearing on the ordinary lining, so that
the coat appears to be lined in the ordinary manner. Thus the cost of the
separately applied lining is saved and the garment made much lighter without
being unsightly on the inner side.
An important advantage in the use of cork, dust lies in the fact that it is per-
fectly harmless and does not in any degree affect the rubber.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is.
"
In the manufacture and ornamentation of waterproof fabrics the use or employ-
ment of cork in the form of impalpable powder, either in its natural colour,
bleached, or artificially coloured, the cork dust being either dusted on the "tacky'
surface of the rubber coated fabrics, or mixed with the rubber before the same is
spread upon the fabric, to form a ground which may or may not be afterwards
printed with suitable designs, in the manner and substantially as described.
Dated this 9th day of November 1897.
UITG
Арриан
E. K. DUTTON & Co.
Chartered Patent Agents. 5 John Dalton Street Manchester.