IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS AND MEANS FOR REMOVING MATTERS OR HEAT FROM CURRENTS OF AIR, GASES, OR VAPOURS, OR FROM LIQUIDS, AND FOR COMMUNICATING MATTERS OR HEAT TO THE SAME
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Moses Poole, of the Avenue Road, Regent's
Park, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS AND MEANS FOR REMOVING MATTERS OR HEAT
FROM CURRENTS OF AIR, GASES, OR VAPOURS, OR FROM LIQUIDS, AND
FOR COMMUNICATING MATTERS OR HEAT TO THE SAME."-A communi-
cation.
Sealed the 9th November 1853, and dated the 13th September 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Moses Poole at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,.
on the 13th September 1853.
I, MOSES POOLE, of the Avenue Road, Regent's Park, in the County
5 of Middlesex, do hereby declare that the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS AND MEANS FOR REMOVING MATTERS OR
HEAT FROM CURRENTS OF AIR, GASSES, OR VAPOURS, OR FROM LIQUIDS, AND
FOR COMMUNICATING MATTERS OR HEAT TO THE SAME," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of passing currents of air, gases, or vapours
thro' the meshes or interstices of cloths or fibres or wire kept con-
stantly washed or wet (or heated or cooled) by alternate immersion

page_text: and withdrawal from a liquid, or by the revolution of a cylinder or
otherwise, by which means the currents so passing will be intercepted,
and foreign matters, such as dust, cinders, and others, will be removed,
and the currents will be heated or cooled, and carry with them fluid
matter.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Moses Poole in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 13th March 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
MOSES POOLE, of the Avenue Road, Regent's Park, in the County of
Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
seventeenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Moses Poole, Her special
licence that I, the said Moses Poole, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Moses Poole, my executors, ad-
ministrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
AND MEANS FOR REMOVING MATTERS OR HEAT FROM CURRENTS OF AIR,
GASES, OR VAPOURS, OR FROM LIQUIDS, AND FOR COMMUNICATING MATTERS OR
HEAT TO THE SAME," communicated to me from abroad, upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said Moses Poole, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Moses Poole, do hereby declare

page_text: the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof (that is to say):
This Invention consists in removing foreign matters and heat from,
and communicating foreign matters and heat to, currents of air, gases,
and vapours and liquids by means of sheets of cloth, or wire cloth, or
wires, or other similar fibrous or porous material through the inter-
stices of which currents of air, gases, or vapours, or liquids, can easily
pass, the same being kept constantly wet or washed, or heated or
cooled, by any suitable means, such as the revolution of the sheets
of cloth, or other porous material, while partly immersed in a reservoir
or vessel containing water or other hot or cold liquid, the currents of
air, &c. passing through the portion of the revolving sheets of cloth
or other material which is not immersed.
Having thus described the nature of the Invention, I will proceed to
specify a good mode of putting it into operation, reference being had
to the accompanying Drawing.
Suppose it to be desired to remove from a current of air dust,
smoke, cinders, or other similar foreign matters and heat, so that the
current of air shall be both purified and cooled, I use the following
described apparatus, of which (see Drawing) Figure 1, is a vertical
longitudinal section, and Figure 2, a vertical transverse section, the
same letters referring to the same parts in both Figures. Let A, A, be
a square pipe, in which the current of air is flowing in the direction of
the arrow.
B, B, is an endless sheet of, say, cotton or linen cloth of
open texture passing over the rollers C, C, supported at the ends,
which keep the cloth distended; the cloth is so arranged as to totally
intercept the current of air. By means of a pulley D, or other con-
venient machinery at the end of one of the rollers, it is made to revolve
by any kind of power, and its revolution causes the cloth to revolve
upon the rollers. E, is a reservoir of cool water placed underneath the
pipe A, and the lower part of the cloth B, is immersed in the water in
the reservoir. It is evident that the cloth B, revolving upon the.
rollers, will be kept constantly wet and washed and cooled, and
intercepting the current of air in the pipe will remove from it dust,

page_text: smoke, cinders, &c., and heat, and the removal of heat will be aided by
the evaporation of the water from the cloth, and moisture will be
communicated to the current of air. The foreign matters removed
from the current of air will adhere to the wet cloth, and be carried
down and washed off into the reservoir; and it is expedient to make
the reservoir somewhat deeper than the lower roller to allow room for
the deposit and accumulation of the impurities removed from the
current at the bottom of the reservoir.
Or, instead of the endless cloth above described, we sometimes use
another similar apparatus, of which Figure 3, represents a longitudinal,
and Figure 4, a transverse section. B, B, is a cylindrical mass of, say,
wire cloth arranged on an axis supported at the ends, and placed longi-
tudinally in and between a semi-cylindrical pipe A, A, and a reservoir
of water below E; care being taken that the whole current of air in
the pipe is intercepted by the cylindrical mass. It is evident that the
cylindrical mass being made to revolve upon its axis by means of the
pulley D, or otherwise, the impurities and heat will be removed from
the current and deposited in the reservoir E, by the revolving mass
B, B; thus by means of this apparatus apartments, railway or other
carriages, ships' cabins, &c. may be supplied with pure and cool air.
When applied to carriages, the power required to cause the revolution of
the cylindrical mass may be derived from the wheels or axles, and con-
veyed by a band or shaft to the apparatus placed on the top of the
carriage, or the power may be derived from a small windmill on the
carriage. It is manifest that as currents of air may be thus purified
or cooled, so currents of gas or vapour of any kind may be purified
or cooled, and by using, instead of water in the reservoir E, a liquid
having a chemical affinity for the gas or vapour, or any component part
of the gas or vapour, chemical effects may be produced, either by
removal or communication. Thus odours may be removed or perfumes
or medicated vapours may be communicated to currents of air, &c.
Thus ammoniacal gas, which has a strong affinity for water, may be
removed from a current of coal gas, and communicated to the water in
the reservoir. By the same apparatus naptha or other liquid rich in
carbon being placed in the reservoir, a current of gas may be supplied

page_text: with carbon. By the same apparatus syrups may be deprived of an
excess of watery matter, and may be cooled; and the process may be
aided by a blast or strong artificial current of air passing through the
pipe. It is evident that if the liquid in the reservoir be hotter than the
current passing through the pipe, heat will be communicated to the
current; and thus by means of hot water placed and renewed in the
reservoir warm, clean, and moist currents of air may be introduced into
apartments, or by means of melted metal in the reservoir a dry heat
may be imparted to the currents, &c.; and if the current of air be
hotter than the liquid in the reservoir, the liquid will derive heat from
the current. The revolving cloth (or cylindrical mass) may be made
a little larger than the pipe conveying the current, the outer edge and
top of the cloth entering a recess in the pipe, as shewn at F, Figure 1,
and so the whole of the current will pass through the cloth.
may
Power be derived from a windmill in the current.
The cylin-
drical mass may be so constructed in the nature of a windmill as that
the current shall cause the cylindrical mass to revolve. See Drawing.
Figure 5, representing a longitudinal vertical section, and Figure 6, a
transverse vertical section of the apparatus. A, A, represent the pipe;
B, B, the cylindrical mass, being sheets of wire cloth arranged radially
upon an axis; C, C, supports or ends of axis; E, the reservoir.
I do not confine myself to the particular form of apparatus, or means
of working it, herein described. The form and means may be varied
indefinitely. Thus, instead of wire cloth, sheets of perforated metal
may be used, or thin plates of metal placed close together, or a cylin-
drical mass may be placed transversely in the pipe, or the cloth or wire
cloth may be washed by a shower or jet falling upon it; or, instead of
revolution, a reciprocating vertical movement may be substituted,
several masses of porous material being simultaneously used, and one
of them always being in the current so as to intercept it.
Having thus described the nature of this Invention, and the mode of
putting it into operation, what is claimed is,-
First, the removal of foreign matters or heat from, and the commu-
nication of foreign matters or heat to, currents of air, gases, or vapours
or liquids by means of sheets or masses of porous material kept con-

page_text: stantly wet or washed, or heated or cooled, and intercepting the current,
or passing through the liquid, substantially as herein described.
Second, the use of the apparatus and means herein described for the
purposes herein mentioned, substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Moses Poole, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
Witness,
B. GOBET,
4, Old Square,
Lincoln's Inn.
MOSES POOLE. (L.S.)