Improvements in Transferring Animal Fur, Feathers, Hair, Bristles, and the like to Artificial Backings.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Dec., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 10th Sept., 1889-Accepted, 12th Oct., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Transferring Animal Fur, Feathers, Hair, Bristles,
and the like to Artificial Backings.
I, ALFRED FRANCIS BILDERBECK-GOMESS, of 24A, Alfred Place West, South
Kensington, in the County of Middlesex, Medical Student, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:
This invention relates to the treatment of fur, feathers, hair, bristles and the like,
during the process of substituting an artificial backing for the natural skin; and
consists in the employment of improved means whereby the fibres, feathers, hairs or
bristles, composing the covering of the natural skin are more securely attached to the
artificial backing, and whereby the coverings of numerous natural skins or pieces of
skin may be transferred to or mounted upon a single artificial backing in such
a manner that the lines of juncture are imperceptible.
In applying my invention, by way of example, to the treatment of fur, having
tacked the skin upon a board, I apply to the fur-covered side thereof a composition
consisting of sulphate of sodium (Na, SO. 10 H, O) liquefied by heat, in conjunction
with sulphate of sodium (Na, SO₁) effloresced; these elements being combined in
such proportions as to produce a creamy mixture. The composition having set, the
skin is stripped off, leaving the roots of the hairs exposed. These are served with a
caoutchouc solution containing sulphur or other vulcanising agent, and the surface of
the artificial backing is treated in the same manner. These surfaces having been
allowed to dry are again served with the caoutchouc solution and forthwith brought
together. The salts of sodium employed as a temporary holding medium are then
dissolved (by immersing the fur in a bath of hot sulphate of sodium or otherwise)
and removed, and the permanent or caoutchouc holding medium vulcanised.
Instead of employing the salts of sodium hereinbefore specified in the preparation
of the temporary holding medium, there may be substituted sulphite of sodium
(Na, SO. 10 H, O) or trisodic phosphate (subphosphate) (Na, PO. 12 H, O) or
hydrodi-sodium phosphate (Na, H PO. 12 H, O). Or a salt of iron, such as the
protosulphate (Fe SO. 7 H, U), may be employed. Or a suitable medium may be
formed of silicate of sodium (Na, O. 4 Si O,) by melting together
In attaching the coverings of numerous natural skins or pieces of skin to a single
artificial backing, the various pieces of fur may be matched together and tacked down
upon a board so as to cover an area of any given size or form before the artificial
holding medium is applied.
In preparing large pieces of artificially backed fur, however, 1 prefer to employ
two thicknesses of backing material, an inner and thin one of muslin or similar
inaterial and an outer and stout one of calico or canvas. Nevertheless, an inner
lining is not essential; particularly if care be taken to apply the caoutchouc solution
evenly and rather thickly. If an inner backing or lining be employed the temporary
holding medium should be removed before the outer backing is attached.
Instead of constructing large pieces of artificially backed fur in the manner
hereinbefore described, the constituent parts may be matched and pieced together at
that stage in the process last described when the fur has been transferred to the inner
D. Ը|

page_text: or thin backing of muslin or caoutchouc, as the case may be, but before the outer or
stout backing of canvas or equivalent material is applied.
Dated this 19th day of December 1888.
G. G. M. HARDINGHAM,
191, Fleet Street, London, E.C., Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Transferring Animal Fur, Feathers, Hair, Bristles,
and the like to Artificial Backings.
I, ALFRED FRANCIS BILDERBEOK-GOMESS, of 24A, Alfred Place West, South
Kensington, in the County of Middlesex, Medical Student, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to the treatment of fur, feathers, hair, bristles and the like,
during the process of substituting an artificial backing for the natural skin; and
consists in the employment of improved means whereby the fibres, feathers, hairs or
bristles, composing the covering of the natural skin, are more securely attached to the
artificial backing; and whereby the coverings of numerous natural skins or pieces
of skin may be transferred to or mounted upon a single artificial backing in such a
manner that the lines of juncture are imperceptible.
In applying my invention, by way of example, to the treatment of fur, having
tacked the skin upon a board, I apply to the fur-covered side thereof a composition
consisting of sulphate of sodium (Na, SO. 10 H, O) liquefied by heat, in conjunction
with sulphate of sodium (Na, SO) effloresced; these being combined in such
proportions as to produce a creamy mixture. The composition having set, the skin is
stripped off, leaving the roots of the hairs exposed. These are served with a
caoutchouc solution containing sulphur or other vulcanising agent, and the surface of
the artificial backing is treated in the same manner. These surfaces having been
allowed to dry are again served with the caoutchouc solution and forthwith brought
together. The salts of sodium employed as a temporary holding medium are then
dissolved (by immersing the fur in a bath of hot sulphate of sodium or otherwise) and
removed, and the permanent or caoutchouc holding medium vulcanised.
Instead of employing the salt of sodium herein before specified in the preparation
of the temporary holding medium, there may be substituted, sulphite of sodium
(Na, SO. 10 H, O) or trisodic phosphate (subphosphate) (Na, PO.. 12 H, O) or
hydrodi-sodium phosphate (Na, H PO 12 H, O). Or a soluble sulphate, such as the
protosulphate of iron (Fe SO. 7 H, 0), may be employed. Or a suitable medium
may be formed of silicate of sodium (Na, O. 4 Si O,) by melting together
In attaching the coverings of numerous natural skins or pieces of skin to a single
artificial backing, the various pieces of fur may be matched together and tacked down
upon a board so as to cover an area of any given size or form before the artificial
holding medium is applied.
In preparing large pieces of artificially-backed fur, however, I prefer to employ
two thicknesses of backing material, an inner and thin one of muslin or similar
material and an outer and stout one of calico or canvas. Nevertheless an inner lining
is not essential; particularly if care be taken to apply the caoutchouc solution evenly
and rather thickly. If an inner backing or lining be employed, the temporary
holding medium should be removed before the outer backing is attached.
Instead of constructing large pieces of artificially-backed fur in the manner
hereinbefore described, the constituent parts may be matched and pieced together at

page_text: that stage in the process last described when the fur has been transferred to the inner
or thin backing of muslin or caoutchouc, as the case may be, but before the outer or
stout backing of canvas or equivalent material is applied."
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I claim :-
1. In the process of removing fur and other dermic coverings from their natural
skins, the employment, as a medium for temporarily holding the hairs or other fibres,
of a composition consisting of sulphate of sodium liquefied by heat in conjunction
with sulphate of sodium effloresced.
2. In the process of removing fur and other dermic coverings from their natural
skins, the employment, as a medium for temporarily holding the hairs or other fibres,
of a composition consisting of sulphite of sodium or trisodic phosphate or hydrodi-
sodium phosphate or a soluble sulphate, respectively in conjunction with its corre-
sponding effloresced salt.
3. In the process of removing fur and other dermic coverings from their natural
skins, the employment, as a medium for temporarily holding the hairs or other fibres,
of a mixture compounded of quartz, sodic carbonate (or potassic carbonate) and
charcoal, substantially in the proportions herein specified.
4. The improved method of building up large pieces of artificially-backed fur
from numerous sinall fur-covered skins or pieces of skin by arranging the several
pieces of skin edge to edge and temporarily fastening them to a board, applying a
soluble composition to the fur-covered surface for temporarily holding the hairs or
other fibres, then removing the board and skin, attaching the artificial backing, and
finally dissolving or otherwise removing the temporary holding composition,
substantially as herein described.
5. The improved method of building up large pieces of artificially-backed fur from
numerous small fur-covered skins or pieces of skin by transferring each fur covering
to a lining of muslin or other suitable thin material, and arranging the several pieces
of lined fur edge to edge upon the adhesive-solution-served face of the main backing,
substantially as herein described.
Dated the 7th day of September 1889.
G. G. M. HARDINGHAM,
191, Fleet Street, London, E.C., Agent for the Applicant.