IMPROVEMENTS IN CASK STANDS
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Turnock, of Ross, in the County of Hereford,
Brewer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CASK STANDS."
Sealed the 3rd March 1868, and dated the 9th September 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Turnock at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th September 1867:
I, JAMES TURNOCK, of Ross, in the County of Hereford, Brewer, do hereby
declare the nature. of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CASK STANDS,"
to be as follows:-
L
This Invention has for its object improvements in cask stands. For this
purpose the frame or bed on which the cask is to rest is supported, near, the
centre of its length by a horizontal spindle on which it can turn freely. The
spindle is carried by the upper ends of two side frames, one on either side of
the bed; the lower end of these side frames are formed into legs on which
the stand rests; these legs may, if desired, be provided with, wheels. A
curved slot concentric with the spindle is formed in each of the side frames,
through both of which, slots and through the under side of the bed which
projects downwards below the spindle a pin is passed which limits the move-

page_text: iment of the bed, the slots being of a length to allow the bed to be brought
either to a sloping position approaching the vertical or to a horizontal position.
One end of the pin is furnished with a nut, having upon it a handle by which
the nut can be screwed up to fix the pin at any point along the length of the
slots, and the bed on which the cask.rests can thus be held at any desired
slope. In order to place a cask on the stand the bed is brought into a sloping
position by being turned on its spindle; the front end of the bed which is thus
lowered nearly to the surface of the ground is provided with a rim or pro-
jecting edge upon which the end of the cask is caused to rest; the cask
is then tilted backwards to cause it to rest on the bed, and the bed
together with the cask are then turned on the spindle until they are brought
to a horizontal position, and beyond this position the bed cannot be turned.
When the cask has thus been brought to a horizontal position it will rest
there, as a somewhat greater proportion of the weight of the cask is by
preference caused to rest on the back end of the bed than on the forward
end. One of the side frames carries a hook or catch which, when it is
desired to tilt the cask, can be turned into such a position as to form a stop to
limit the inclination to which the bed and cask can be tilted.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Turnock in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
9th March 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
TURNOCK, of Ross, in the County of Hereford, Brewer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said James Turnock, Her special licence that I, the said James
Turnock, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said James Turnock, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all. times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, 'and Isle of Man, an. Invention for. " IM-
'PROVEMENTS IN CASE STANDS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said James Turnock, my executors, or administrators, by an instrument in

page_text: writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next. and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE; that I, the said James Turnock, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in cask stands. For this
purpose the frame or bed on which the cask is to rest is supported near the
centre of its length by a horizontal spindle on which it can turn. freely. The
spindle is carried by the upper ends of two side frames, one on either side of
the bed; the lower end of these side frames are formed into legs on which
the stand rests; these legs may, if desired, be provided with wheels. A curved
slot concentric with the spindle is formed in each of the side frames, through
both of which slots and through the under side of the bed which projects
downwards below the spindle a pin is passed which limits the movement of
the bed, the slots being of a length to allow the bed to be brought either to a
sloping position approaching the vertical or to a horizontal position. One
end of the pin is furnished with a nut, having upon it a handle by which the
nut can be screwed up to fix the pin at any point along the length of the
slots, and the bed on which the cask rests can thus be held at any desired
slope. In order to place a cask on the stand the bed is brought into a sloping
position by being turned on its spindle; the front end of the bed which is thus
lowered nearly to the surface of the ground is provided with a rim or pro-
jecting edge upon which the end of the cask is caused to rest; the cask is
then tilted backwards to cause it to rest on the bed, and the bed together with
the cask are then turned on the spindle until they are brought to a horizontal
position, and beyond this position the bed cannot be turned. When the cask
has thus been brought to a horizontal position it will rest there, as a some,
what greater proportion of the weight of the cask is by preference caused to
rest on the back end of the bed than on the forward end. One of the side
frames carries a hook or catch, which when it is desired to tilt the cask can
be turned into such a position as to form a stop to limit the inclination to
which the bed and cask can be tilted.
And in order that my said Invention may be most fully understood and
readily carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS..
Figure is a plan, and Figure 2 a side view, and Figure 3 a transverse
section of a cask stand constructed according to my Invention.
a, a, is the frame bed or cradle to receive the cask, it is conveniently made
of cast iron and in one piece, and it consists of two side cheeks a¹, 'a¹, con-
nected by 'cross bars a³, a³, at each end, and by another similar bar a³ at the
centre; these cross bars a² and as are hollowed in the centre, so that the cask
may not be prevented by them from resting: firmly on the side cheeks a¹ to
give strength to the frame or cradle; the centre bar as is arched on the
under side. The two side cheeks a¹ of the frame or cradle carry studs. or
axes a, or a spindle may be passed through them from side to side; the.studs
or 'axes a are received into holes made to fit them in the cast-iron side frames
or standards b,'b, one on either side; the standards ,b, at their lower ends
are connected together by the bars 6, 61, which are fixed by means of screws
and nuts; c is a pin or bolt passing through the frame or cradle a under-
neath the studs or axes a, and it also passes through slots or openings b*, b*,
in the 'standards b. The pin or bolt cat one end has a head upon it, which
is too large to enter the slot or opening 6*; and at the other it has a screw
thread cut on it, and receives' a screw nut d which is formed together with a
lever or handle d'. Thus it will be seen that the distance that the frame or
cradle a can rock on the studs or axes a' is limited by the length of the slots
or openings 6*, and within these limits the cradle can be locked in any desired
position by screwing up the nut d by means of its lever handle d'. The two
standards b are by this means drawn together so as to cause them to nip the
frame or cradle a sufficiently tightly to hold it stationary; e is a hook or latch
pivotted to one of the standards b at e', and e² is a stud on which it rests by
its own weight. When a cask is to be placed on the stand the frame or
cradle a is tipped so as to lower its right-hand end as far as possible, that is
to say, nearly down to the ground. The cask being then standing upright on
its end is tilted and moved so as to bring its end to rest on the projecting
'edge end or part al of the side cheeks a¹ of the frame or cradle, and the
cask is then pushed over so as to rest entirely on the said frame or cradle, and
this being done the frame or cradle with the cask upon it is readily brought
to a level position, and 'is there locked by the nut d. When it is desired to
tilt the cask the liquid in it being drawn low, the nut d is slacked, and the
frame or cradle a is inclined until it is stopped by the latch e catching on to
the head of the pin or bolt c, the cask will then be tilted to the position most
generally convenient for drawing off the remaining liquid; but the frame or

page_text: cradle and cask may be tilted either less or more, and secured by the nut d.
When the empty cask is to be removed from the frame or cradle and replaced
by a full one, the latch e is lifted out of the way of the head of the bolt c.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that what I claim is, the
constructing cask stands substantially as herein-before described.
I also claim the arranging the frame or cradle to tip on a centre, together
with the forming it with a projecting edge or parts at one end to assist in
raising the cask, as above described.
I also claim the locking the frame or cradle in position by means of a screw,
pin, or bolt passing through it and through slotted openings in the side
standards and receiving a screw nut.
In witness whereof I, the said James Turnock, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
JAMES TURNOCK. (L.S.)