Improvements relating to the Welding of Metals.
Year: 1890

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to the Welding of Metals.
· I; Herbert ElLSWORTH FOWLER, of 119, Davenport Avenue, New Haven,
Connecticut, United States of America, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows :-
My invention is designed to provide for making welded joints which will be
much stronger than those made by the methods heretofore adopted.
In making lap-welds, it has heretofore been customary to heat the two parts to
be united and to lay one of the said parts over the other and subject them to
pressure or impact, the simple union of the metal by the welding being depended
upon for holding the two parts together.
Now I have discovered that the strength of a welded joint can be greatly
increased by forming holes in one of the parts to be united, so that, in the process
of welding, some of the metal of the other part will be forced into the said holés.
The portions of the metal which enter these holes will have an effect similar to
that of rivets, that is to say, the strength of the welded joint will be augmented by
the resistance to shearing stresses afforded by the parts of the metal which enter
the said holes.
According to one part of my present invention, therefore, I adopt this method of
uniting the parts, that is to say. I form holes in one of the parts to be united and
lay this part under or over the other part, and then hent and weld the said parts by
any convenient micans. Or 1 form holes in both of the parts to be united, so that,
when the parts overlap each other, the holes in either of the same will be above or
below solid portions of the other part.
According to another method, I form holes in the two parts so that, when
they overlap each other, the said holes in the two parts will coincide with each other,
and I then insert in the said holes, pins or rivets which extend through, or partially
through both of the said parts, and then heat and weld the parts with the said pins
or rivets therein. Or I unite the two parts by placing them together so that their
edges abut against each other, and then welding thereon a strip of metal of suitable
thickness, holes being first formed in either of the said parts or in the said
strip for the purpose above specified, and the whole being united, with or without
pins or rivets.
"
By the methods above described, I can join the ends of band-saws or the
like in such a manner that they are as strong at the joint as at any other part; or
I can unite plates, bars and other pieces of metal; or I can make longitudinal joints
or welds in the manufacture of water-pipes, boiler-shells or flues and other large
or small pipes or tubes; or I can join together two pieces or lengths of piping or
tubing or I can unite the parts of other objects or articles.
رواد
.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant..
1.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
.Improvements relating to the Welding of Metals.
I, HERBERT Ellsworth Fowler, of 119, Davenport Avenue, New Haven,
Connecticut, United States of America, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention is designed to provide for making welded joints or welds which will
lie much stronger than those made by the methods heretofore adopted.

page_text: In making lap-welds, it has heretofore been customary to heat the two parts to
be united, and to lay one of the said parts upon the other so that it overlaps the
same more or less, and then to subject the overlapping parts to pressure or impact,
the simple union of the metal by the welding being depended upon for holding the
two parts together.
Now I have discovered that the strength of a welded joint or weld can be con-
siderably increased by forming in one of the parts to be united, suitable holes or
cavities into which, in the process of welding, some of the metal of the other part
will be forced by the pressure or impact.
According to one part of my present invention, therefore, I adopt this method
of uniting the parts, that is to say, I form suitable holes or cavities in one of the
parts to be united, and lay this part under or over the other part so that they
overlap each other to the desired extent, and I then weld the said parts by any
convenient means. Or I form holes in both of the parts to be united, so that,
when the parts overlap each other, the holes in either of the same will be above
or below solid portions of the other part, which, when the parts are welded, will
enter the said holes.
The portions of the metal which enter these holes will have an effect similar to
that of rivets, that is to say, the strength of the welded joint or weld will be
augmented by the resistance to shearing stresses afforded by the parts of the metal
which enter the said. holes. Moreover I thus obviate, in a great measure, the
liability to breakage of the joint in cases of defective welding.
According to another modification of my said invention, I form holes in the two
parts to be joined so that, when they overlap each other, the said holes in the two
parts will coincide with each other; I then insert in the said holes, pins or rivets..
which extend through, or partially through both of the said parts, and I then weld
the parts with the said pins or rivets therein.
According to a further modification of my said invention, I make a welded butt-
joint as follows, riz.- bring together the two parts to be joined so that their
edges abut against each other, and I place thereon a strip of metal of suitable
thickness, previously forming holes or cavities in either of the said parts or in the
said strip for the purpose above specified; and I then unite the whole by welding.
This joint may be made either with or without the aforesaid pins or rivets.
By the methods above described, 1 can join the ends of band-saws or the like in
such a manner that they are as strong at the joint as at any other part throughout
their length; or I can unite plates, bars and other pieces of metal; or I can make
longitudinal joints or welds in the manufacture of water-pipes, boiler-shells or flues,
and other large or small pipes, tubes or hoops; or I can join together two pieces
or lengths of piping or tubing; or I can unite the parts of other objects or
articles.
In the accompanying drawings, I have illustrated various methods of welding
pipes or tubes and plates according to my said invention.
Figure 1 is a plan, and
Figure 2 a transverse section, showing a part of a plate or strip of metal for
forming a pipe or tube.
Figure 3 is a perspective view of a portion of the said pipe or tube.
a, a are holes formed in the said plate or strip near one edge thereof; b, bare
portions of the metal which are forced into the said holes when the plate or strip
is bent to the proper form and the overlapping edges thereof are united by welding.
Or the said plate or strip may have projections or protuberances & formed thereon
(as in Figure 2) before it is bent to the required form, so that the said projections
or protuberances may be caused to enter the holes a before the welding operation
is commenced.
Figure 4 is a side elevation, and

page_text: projection or protuberance 6 on the other of the said parts is forced in the welding
operation.
Figures 6, 7 and 8 are similar views to Figures 1, 2 and 3, showing another
modification of my invention, wherein portions of the metal near one edge of the
plate or strip are partially punched therefrom so as to form hooks c, which, when
the plate or strip is bent to the required form, may be inserted in elongated holes
or slits a near the other edge of the said plate or strip, thus ensuring the retention
of the overlapping edges in their proper relative position during the welding
operation. This arrangement is very advantageous, inasmuch as the pipe is prac-
tically formed before the welding takes place, and, when the welding operation is
completed, the said hooks are firmly united to the plate or strip through which they
arc passed.
Figure 9 is a perspective view, showing a portion of a pipe or tube wherein the
edges of the pipes to be united are brought together so that they abut against each
other and a strip of metal is placed thereon so that it overlaps both of the said
edges, a series of holes a being formed in one edge of the said strip and another
series thereof in one edge of the plate forming the pipe, and projections or pro-
tuberances being forced into the said holes as shown.
Figure 10 is a perspective view showing two plates or other flat pieces of metal
united in accordance with my present invention. In this case, projections or
protuberances on each of the said plates are forced into holes a in the other
plate.
Figure 11 is a perspective view showing a pipe or tube formed by spirally coiling
a strip of metal so that the adjacent convolutions overlap one another, and then
uniting the overlapping convolutions by my improved method of welding.
Figure 12 is a perspective view, showing another pipe or tube, which is made by
first spirally coiling a strip of metal so that the adjacent convolutions abut against
each other, and then spirally coiling upon the pipe or tube thus formed, another
strip of metal so that the adjacent convolutions abut against each other, the spiral
seam of the inner coil being approximately midway between the adjacent con-
volutions of the outer coil, as indicated by the dotted lines in Figure 12. The two
edges of each strip are formed with holes a into which, in the welding operation,
portions of metal from the other strip are forced as above specified. In this
manner I produce a pipe which is practically cylindrical and smooth or free from
projections both internally and externally.
The above described methods of welding plates or pipes are simply given by
way of example; it is obvious that my improvements are applicable to other
welded joints.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I wish it understood that
I claim:-
First. The herein described method of increasing or augmenting the strength of
a welded joint or weld by means of projections or protuberances on one part of the
joint, fitting into suitable holes or cavities in the other part thereof.
Second. The improved method of making a lap-weld, consisting in first forming
suitable holes or cavities in one or both of the parts to be joined, then placing the
said parts together so that one overlaps the other, and uniting the said parts by
welding, and, at the same time, forcing portions of the metal of one part into the
holes or cavities in the other part, substantially as hereinbefore described and for
the purpose specified.
Third. The improved method of making a welded joint, consisting in first
orming suitable holes or cavities in one or both of the parts to be joined, or in a
trip of metal for joining the same, then putting together the edges of the two
parts to be joined and placing thereon the said strip of metal, and then uniting the
whole by welding, and, at the same time, forcing portions of the metal into the

page_text: •
said holes or cavities, substantially as hereinbefore described and for the purpose
specified.
Fourth. The modification of my invention wherein I form holes in both of the
parts to be joined and insert pins or rivets therein and then unite the whole by
welding, substantially as, and for the purpose, above specified.
Fifth. A welded joint or weld wherein projections or protuberances on one part
of the joint fit into holes or cavities in the other part thereof, substantially as
herein before described.
Sixth. A pipe, tube or hoop formed with a welded joint such at I have herein-
above described.
Seventh. The modification of my invention wherein the pipe or tube is formed
by spirally coiling one or more strips of metal and uniting the adjacent convolutions
thereof in the manner substantially as herein before described.
D
SAL "
1001
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.