IMPROVEMENTS .IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING, Working, or OPERATING UPON STONE, WOOD, AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Henry Thompson, of Islington, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
.IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING, Working, or OPERATING UPON STONE, WOOD,
AND OTHER MATERIALS."
Sealed the 25th March 1875, and dated the 2nd October 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Henry
Thompson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 2nd October 1874.
I, WILLIAM HENRY THOMPSON, of Islington, in the County of Mid-
5 dlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING, WORKING, OR OPERATING UPON
STONE, WOOD, AND OTHER MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in machinery for cutting,
working, or operating upon stone, wood, and other materials, the cutting
or operating tools being governed in their action upon the various trans-
verse sectional portions of a moulding or other form of cutting by means

page_text: of a developing form guiding or pattern surface, which acts through
suitable mechanism to guide or determine the position of the cutting or
other working tools whilst in action.
Another part of this Invention relates to the application of vibrating
hammers to act on the tools employed for cutting or working stone or
other materials. For this purpose the form or sectional outline of the
moulding or other shaped work required to be cut or worked is
developed or represented by suitable surfaces upon a horizontal plane,
circle, or otherwise, so as to form a guiding or pattern surface, which acts
to govern the movements of the cutting tools, levers, chains, quadrants,
and other suitable gear being employed for transmitting the contralling
motion to the cutting or other operating tools. The levers are fitted
with friction rollers that bear upon the guiding surfaces of the
developing form guiding or pattern surface, and by the adjustment of
these friction rollers at variable distances from the centre upon which
the levers radiate the moulding or other shaped design to be cut or
produced may be worked to any required size.
.
The adjusting levers, constitute an important part of my Invention, as
by fixing the rollers bearing upon the developing form or guiding surfaces
at varying distances from the radiating centres I can work mouldings or
irregular forms to any required size from one pattern surface or
developing form.
In cutting curved or irregular forms I employ a guide or template
corresponding to the form in which the material is required to be worked;
this guide may be attached to and works with the travelling bed carrying
the material to be operated upon, but it is advantageous to work it with
a separate motion, and communicate the form of the template or guide
to the working tools by means of a lever fitted with adjustable rollers as
previously described.
Another part of my improvements relates the application of hammers
fitted with and vibrating upon elastic springs to which a vibrating.
motion is imparted by cranks or other means, thus causing the hammers
to strike the working tools with a sharp elastic blow.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Henry Thompson in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 2nd April 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
HENRY THOMPSON, of Islington, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer,
send greeting.
'
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-eighth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said William Henry Thompson, Her special license
that I, the said William Henry Thompson, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Henry Thompson, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times therčafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING, WORKING, OR OPERATING. UPON
STONE, WOOD, AND OTHER MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said William Henry Thompson, executors or admini-
strators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Henry Thompson, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to improvements in machinery for cutting,
working, or operating upon stone, wood, and other materials, the cutting
or operating tools being governed in their action upon the various trans-
verse sectional portions of a moulding or other form by means of a
developing form guiding or pattern surface, which acts through suitable

page_text: mechanism to guide or determine the position of the cutting or other
working tools whilst in action.
Another part of this Invention relates to the application of vibrating
hammers to act on the tools employed for cutting or working stone or
other materials. For this purpose the form or sectional outline of the
moulding or other shaped work required to be cut or worked is developed
or represented by suitable surfaces upon a horizontal plane, circle, or
otherwise, so as to form a guiding or pattern surface which acts to
govern the movements of the cutting tools, levers, chains, quadrants,
and other suitable gear being employed for transmitting the controlling
motion to the cutting or other operating tools. The levers are fitted.
with friction rollers that bear upon the guiding surfaces of the developing
form or pattern surface, and by the adjustment of these friction rollers
at variable distances from the centre upon which the levers radiate,
the moulding or other shaped design to be cut or produced may be
worked to any required size.
The adjusting levers constitute an important part of my Invention, as
by fixing the rollers bearing upon the developing form or guiding
surfaces at varying distances from the radiating centres of the levers,
I can work mouldings or irregular forms to any required size from one
or the same pattern surface or developing form.
In cutting or working curved or irregular forms I employ a guide
template or counterpart of the form in which the material is required to
be worked; this guide may be attached to and work with the travelling
bed carrying the material to be operated upon, but it is preferable to
work it with a separate motion, and communicate the form of the tem-
plate or guide to the working tools by means of a lever fitted with
adjustable rollers as previously described.
Another part of my improvements relates to the application of
hammers fitted with and vibrating upon elastic springs to which a a
vibrating motion is imparted by cranks or other means, thus causing the
hammers to strike the working tools with a sharp elastic blow.
And in order that my Invention may be clearly understood and readily
carried into practice, I will proceed to describe the Drawings hereto
annexed, which show views of machinery arranged and constructed in a
accordance with my Invention,

page_text: The tools o, o, are operated upon, as shown in Figure 2, by hammers
Fattached to clastic springs G to which a vibrating motion is imparted
by means of a cord actuating a crank H, connecting rod I, and slotted
lever J, as shown.
Figures 3, 4, and 5, are diagrams which show by way of example
my system of producing or setting out guides or section governors
(termed to prevent confusion in
"
other case
every
developing forms" or
"pattern surfaces") from the various transverse sectional lines of a
moulding or other form, which if correctly set out and worked in
combination with suitable machinery, such for example, as shown in
Figure 1, will guide or direct a tool or tools in such manner as to cause
them to work the material to the form or shape the developing form or
pattern surface was originally set out from, and this I denominate
sectional developement.
Figure 6, Sheet 2, shows a machine for dressing or surfacing the
several sides of the block of stone mounted upon a carriage fitted with a
turntable, by which means it can be moved into position to be operated
upon by the cutting or operating tool (or tools), which is mounted and
actuated in accordance with my improvements. A is the tool gear and
saddle as shown and before described at Figure 2 working on slide B,
which is carried by slide, saddle, and bracket C, which is worked in slide
of standard.D by hand screw a. The tool saddle A is worked by screw b
to which motion is imparted by shaft and bevel wheels c, c, c, to which
motion is again imparted by shaft d on which is fixed ratchet wheels
e, e, which are actuated by the levers and palls f, f, mounted on the
standard D, and receive their motion from projecting arms g, g, which
are attached to and carried by the carriage E and moves to and fro
therewith. The carriage is fitted with a turntable / which radiates upon
the centre bearing i, so that when one face of the stone is dressed the
opposite face may be presented to the tool without lifting or moving the
stone off the turntable; S, shows the stone resting on V brackets j, j,
the faces k, k, being shown as dressed, and a portion of the end squared
as shown by the lined surface.
The carriage E has a backward and forward motion imparted to it by
shaft and spur wheels n, n, which are worked by the bevel wheels o and
2 combined with fast and loose pullies q, which are worked by two
straps or bands running in opposite directions.

page_text: Figures 7, S, and 9, Sheet 3, show several views of a machinc for
dressing or surfacing the several sides of a block of stone, the cutting or
operating tool or tools being mounted upon a slide and carriage by which
they can be moved up to the surface of the stone to be operated upon,
the tool or tools being mounted, governed, and actuated in accordance
with my improvements.
A is the tool gear and saddle (as described and shown at Figure 2),
working in vertical slide column B, which is worked by hand screw a, and
which is attached to and carried in a lateral direction by slide saddle E
working working in slide bed F to which a to-and-fro motion is imparted
by.screw G, which receives its motion from fast and loose pullies 1, 2, 3,
Figure 9, which pullies are worked by straps or bands working in
opposite directions. The vertical slide column B radiates upon tho cross
slide D, so that the tool may be set to any required angle, the tool saddle
A receives an up-and-down motion which motion is imparted by bevel
wheels b, b, and shaft c, on which is fixed a ratchet wheel a to which
motion is imparted by ratchet lever and pawl e.
The slide B upon
which the tool gear and saddles A are mounted, may if desired be
arranged in like manner to that described with reference to Figure 1, so
as to govern the action of the cutting tool or tools by means of a
developing form or pattern surface as previously described.
It will be evident that the developing form or patter surface may be
made of any suitable material and in one or more pieces, which may be
fixed in one or in different parts of the machine, according to the com-
combination of the machinery and the form to be worked.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention and the manner of
carrying the same into practice, I would remark that I am aware that
there is no novelty in reproducing copies of objects and designs by self-
acting machinery, in which a facsimile or counterpart of the object or
design to be produced is employed, and which acts as a guide to govern
the movements of the cutting tools; but what I claim is,-
First. The system or method of sectional developement as herein-before
described and set forth for the production of mouldings or other forms
upon stone, wood, or other materials, whereby the chipping, cutting, or
working action of the tool is so governed in its motion as to produce the
moulding or other form required, substantially as and for the purposes
hercin-before described and represented in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5,
Sheet 1, of the Drawings hereto annexed.

page_text: Secondly. I claim the improved arrangement and application for
working stone and other similar materials of hammers mounted on
springs, so as to strike the chisel or operating tool with a sharp elastic
blow, substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein-before
described and represented in Figures 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, and 9, of the Drawings
hereto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Henry Thompson, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this First day of April, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.
Witness,
J. G. TONGUE,
Patent Agent,
W. H. THOMPSON. (L.S.)
34, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lanc,
London, W. C.