IM- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FEEDING OR SUPPLYING STEAM BOILERS WITH WATER
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Clark, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer and Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FEEDING OR SUPPLYING STEAM BOILERS WITH
WATER." A communication from abroad by Messrs. François Pradel
and François Théobald Wahl, Engineers, both of 29, Boulevart St.
Martin, Paris.
Sealed the 7th August 1862, and dated the 24th February 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
February 1862.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FEEDING OR SUPPLYING STEAM BOILERS
WITH WATER," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the feed apparatus of steam
generators, known as Giffard's injector. 1st, in Giffard's injector the steam
from the boiler on reaching the cylindrical part of the apparatus passes through
orifices into the interior of a cylinder terminated by a hollow converging cone,
which latter is movable in the body of the apparatus by means of a screw.
2ndly, the dimensions of the annular orifice for the injection of steam at the
apex of the movable converging cone are varied and regulated by means of a
conical rod or core placed in the interior of said cone, which rod is also

page_text: movable by means of another screw. 3rdly, on leaving the first converging
cone the steam is immediately introduced into a second hollow fixed cone
(formed by the exterior surfaces of the converging apparatus), communicating
directly at its base with the feeding chamber. Thus by changing the position
of the first converging cone the dimensions of the annular orifice for the flow
of water injected into said chamber may be varied according to the position of
the cone. 4thly, on leaving the second cone the steam, condensed steam, and
feed water, after having traversed freely the conducting surfaces of the appa-
ratus to a certain extent, is introduced into a long diverging cone, which
conducts it into the interior of the generator. This cone is placed at the apex
of the second converging cone in the vacuum chamber. The large diverging
cone, near the part opening into the boiler or generator, is also furnished with
a clack valve to prevent any return of the water.
In the improved feed apparatus of this Invention, st, the steam from the
boiler is introduced directly by means of a pipe into the first converging conc,
which latter is fixed in the interior of the apparatus by bolts and flanges. 2ndly,
the dimensions of the annular orifice for the injection of the steam.at the apex
of the first converging cone may be varied and regulated by the conical part or
cone of the rod placed in the interior of said cone, which rod and the conical
part of same are both movable by means of a screw fixed on the end of the rod.
3rdly, on leaving the first converging cone the steam is immediately intro-
duced into a second hollow fixed cone formed by the exterior surfaces of the
apparatus, which cone also converges, and is in direct communication with the
feeding chamber of which it formis the prolongation; but in this case, in conse
quence of the first converging cone being fixed, it results that the dimensions
of the annular orifice for the supply of water always remains the same.
4thly, the dimensions of the annular injection orifice at the apex of the second
converging fixed cone may be varied and regulated by means of a second and
slightly conical enlargement or portion of the same rod which has already passed
through the first converging fixed cone, which rod is also movable, with the
first portion thereof, by means of the screw, before mentioned, fixed to the end
of the rod. The dimensions of the annular injection orifice above mentioned
are varied for the purpose of imparting a speed to the fluids injected in
relation to the pressure of the generator. Ou leaving the second tube or
converging cone, the steam, condensed steam, and feed water being injected
traverse the vacuum chamber, and thence it is introduced directly into the boiler
by means of a third small diverging cone. The dimensions of the injection
orifices of this latter cone may be varied and regulated by means of a cone
formed on a prolongation of the same rod which has already passed through

page_text: the two other converging cones.
Between the second and third cones the
vacuum chamber exists; from this third cone the fluid traverses a cylindrical
pipe conducting it to the boiler, which cylindrical conduct pipe is furnished
with a valve for preventing any return of water. Thus while Giffärd's appa-
ratus possesses, 1st, a primary movable converging cone with a core, 2ndly,
a second fixed cone with core, and, 3rdly, a large diverging cone; which
arrangement has for result, 1st, the injection of a variable amount of steam
from the first cone, 2ndly, the injection of an invariable amount of steam from
the second fixed cone, 3rdly, the injection of an invariable amount of steam
into the third diverging cone, and 4thly, a varying opening for the suction of
the feed water, the inlet opening for the water being varied in proportion to
the pressure of the boiler, while this improved apparatus has, 1st, a primary
fixed converging cone with a movable core, 2ndly, a second fixed converging
cone, also having a movable core, 3rdly, a third small diverging fixed cone
with movable core;. from which arrangement results, 1st, a primary injection
of steam to a variable extent on its exit from the first fixed conc,. 2ndly, a
further injection of a variable amount from the second fixed cone, 3rdly, a
further injection of a variable amount from the third small diverging cone,
and, 4thly, an opening of invariable extent for the passage of the feed water.
The advantages resulting from this Invention are that of possessing a much
simpler apparatus, without a second screw and stuffing boxes, which is also
more compact, cheaper, less subject to disarrangement and wear, and also
superior in its action. The apparatus is also furnished with the ordinary
accessary parts, such as cocks, purge pipes, and openings. The method of
working this improved apparatus does not differ greatly from that of Giffard's
apparatus.
In the annexed Drawing is represented a central vertical section of this
improved apparatus. a, body of the apparatus; b, pipe, for conducting the
steam into the interior of the first fixed converging cone c; d, rod;. having
movable conical enlargements e, f, s, one on the interior of fixed cone c, a
second in the interior of fixed cone 9, and a third in small diverging cone t.
The rod & guided by the bridge piece o passes through packing h, being
actuated by screw i fixed to its end, the screw being rotated by hand-wheel j;
k; inlet pipe for the feed water, as seen, and as before described, the opening
for the supply of water being always the samo by reason of the cone c being
fixed; 1, feed chamber, into which the pipe k opens; m, cylindrical part, into
which the diverging cone opens; n and u, purge pipes; q, q, stop valve, for.
preventing return. of the water; r, feed pipe; p, vacuum chamber.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Clark in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
22nd August 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer and
Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said William Clark, Her special licence that the said William
Clark, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said William Clark, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS. FOR FEEDING OR SUPPLYING STEAM BOILERS WITH
WATER," a communication from abroad by Messrs. François Pradel and
François Theobald Wahl, Engineers, both of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris,
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Clark, my exe-
cutors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Clark, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
This Invention relates to improvements in the feed apparatus of steam
generators known as Giffard's injector. 1st, in this injector the steam from
the boiler on reaching the cylindrical part of the apparatus passes through
orifices into the interior of a cylinder terminated by a hollow converging cone,
which latter is movable in the body of the apparatus by means of a screw.
2ndly, the dimensions of the annular orifice for the injection of steam, at the

page_text: apex of the movable converging cone may be varied and regulated by means
of a conical rod or core placed in the interior of said cone, which rod is also
movable by means of another screw. 3rdly, on leaving the first converging cone
the steam is immediately introduced into a second hollow fixed cone (formed by
the exterior surfaces of the converging apparatus) communicating directly at its
base with the feeding chamber. Thus by changing the position of the first
converging cone the dimensions of the annular orifice for the flow of water
injected into said chamber may be varied according to the position of the cone.
4thly, on leaving the second cone the steam, condensed steam, & feed water,
after having traversed freely the conducting surfaces of the apparatus to a
certain extent, is introduced into a long diverging cone, which conducts it
into the interior of the generator; this cone is placed at the apex of the second
converging cone in the vacuum chamber. The large diverging cone, near the
part opening into the boiler or generator, is also furnished with a clack valvo
to prevent any return of the water.
In the improved feed apparatus of this Invention, 1st, the steam from
the boiler is introduced directly by means of a pipe into the first converging
cone, which latter is fixed in the interior of the apparatus by bolts and
flanges; 2ndly, the dimensions of the annular orifice for the injection of
the steam, at the apex of the first fixed converging cone, may be varied
and regulated by the conical part or core of a rod placed in the interior
of said cone, which rod and the conical part of same are both movable
by means of a screw attached to the end of the rod; 3rdly, on leaving the
first converging cone the steam is immediately introduced into a second hollow.
fixed cone formed by the exterior surfaces of the apparatus, which cone also
converges, and is in direct communication with the feeding chamber of which
it forms the prolongation; but in this case, in consequence of the first con-
verging cone being fixed, it results that the dimensions of the annular orifice
for the supply of water always remains the same; 4thly, the dimensions of the
annular injection orifice, at the apex of the second converging fixed cone, may
be varied and regulated by means of a second and slightly conical enlarge-
ment or portion of the same rod which has already passed through the first
converging fixed cone, which rod is also movable with the first portion thereof
by means of the screw before mentioned fixed to the end of the rod. Tho
dimensions of the annular injection orifice above mentioned are varied for the
purpose of imparting a speed to the fluids injected in relation to the pressure
of the generator. On leaving the second tube or converging cone the steam,
condensed steam, and feed water being injected traverses the vacuum chamber,
and thence is introduced directly into the boiler by means of a small thin

page_text: diverging cone. The dimensions of the injection orifices of this latter cone
may be varied and regulated by means of a core formed on a prolongation of
the same rod which has already passed through the two other converging
cones. Between the second and third cones the vacuum chamber exists;
from this third cone the fluid traverses a cylindrical pipe conducting it to the
boiler, which cylindrical conduct pipe is furnished with a valve for preventing
any return of water. Thus while Giffard's apparatus possesses,. 1st, a primary
movable converging cone with a core, 2ndly, a second fixed converging cone
with a corc, and, 3rdly, a large diverging cone; which arrangement has for
result, 1st, the injection of a variable amount of steam from the first cone,
2ndly, the injection of an invariable amount of steam from the second fixed
cone, 3rdly, the injection of an invariable amount of steam into the third
diverging cone, and, 4thly, a varying opening for the passage and aspiration
of the feed water, the inlet opening for the water being varied in proportion
to the pressure of the boiler,-while this improved apparatus, 1st, has a
primary fixed converging cone with a movable core, 2ndly, a second fixed
converging cone, also having a movable core, 3rdly, a third small diverging
fixed cone with movable core; from which arrangement results, 1st, the
primary injection of steam to a variable extent on its exit from the first fixed
cone, 2ndly, a further injection of a variable amount from the second fixed
cone, 3rdly, a further injection of variable amount from the third small
diverging cone, and, 4thly, an opening of invariable extent for the passage of
the feed water.
The advantages resulting from this improved arrangement are that of pos-
sessing a much simpler apparatus without a second screw and stuffing boxes,
which is also more compact, cheaper, less subject to disarrangement and wear,
and also superior in its action. This apparatus is also furnished with the
ordinary accessary parts, such as cocks, purge pipes, and openings. The
method of working this improved apparatus does not differ greatly from that
of Giffard's apparatus.
-
Fig. 1 of the annexed Drawing represents a central vertical section of
this improved apparatus, and Fig. 2 an exterior view of the same.
a, body
of the apparatus; b, pipe, for conducting the steam into the interior of the
first fixed converging cone c; d, rod, having movable conical enlargements
e, f, s, one in the interior of fixed cone c, a second in the interior of fixed
cone g, and the third in small diverging cone t. The rod d guided by the
bridge piece o passes through a packing h, being actuated by screw i fixed to
its end, the screw being rotated by hand wheelj; k, inlet pipe for the feed
water, as seen, and as before described, the opening for the supply of water

page_text: being always the same by reason of the cone c being fixed; 1, feed chamber,
into which the pipe k opens; m, cylindrical part, into which the diverging
cone t opens; n & o', purge pipes; 7, stop valve, for preventing return of the
water; r, feed pipe; p, vacuum chamber. By a simple arrangement the
second converging fixed cone g may be rendered movable, so as to obtain a
variable jet; it also has a to-and-fro motion imparted to it by a pinion u and
handle gearing with a rack a, which latter acts on a rod y working two
twin rods, by which the sliding motion of the converging cone g is
regulated.
Having described the nature of this Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I declare that what I claim as the Invention to be
protected by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the combi-
nation and arrangement of parts constituting the apparatus herein-before
described, and represented in the Drawings annexed, as and for the purpose
specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Clark, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
20 Witness,
W. G. E. SWINNOCK,
53, Chancery Lane,
London.
CLARK.
(L.S.)