To REEDER SOW OR CAST IRON MALLEABLE, BY MEANS OF SEA OR PIT COAL, WITHOUT COAKING (A SECRET NOT HITHERTO POUND OUT OR PRACTISED IN THESE OUR DOMINIONS, TO THE BEST OF HIS KNOWLEDGE OR BELIEF), BY USE WHEREOF ONLY HE CAN RENDER THE SAME EQUALLY GOOD AND FIT FOR THE SEVERALL PURPOSES OF IRON HADE MALLEABLE BY MEANS OF CHARCOAL MADE OF WOOD; T REME THAT SCARCITY OF WOOD AT PRESENT SO MUCH COMPLAINED OF, BY PREVENTING FOR THE FUTURE SUCH VAST QUANTITIES AS ARE DAYLY CONSUMED IN MAKING IRON MALLEABLE BY THE METHODS HOW IN USE; THAT MULTITUDES OF POOR FAMILYS WILL GAIN A COMPETENT SUPPORT IN WORKING OF COAL FOR THE AFORESAID PURPOSE, AND ESTATES BE CONSIDERABLY IMPROVED BY FURNISHING WHAT WOULD BE NECESSARY FOR THIS UNDERTAKING SO GENERALLY ADVANTAGIOUS FOR THE PUBLICK GOOD
Year: 1724

page_text: come, greening.
WHEREAS our trusty and welbeloved ROGER WOODHOUSE hath, by his
peticon, humbly represented unto us, that he hath, with great expence and
the diligent labour of severall years past, found out, invented, and discovered
how "To REEDER SOW OR CAST IRON MALLEABLE, BY MEANS OF SEA OR PIT COAL,
WITHOUT COAKING (A SECRET NOT HITHERTO POUND OUT OR PRACTISED IN THESE OUR
DOMINIONS, TO THE BEST OF HIS KNOWLEDGE OR BELIEF), BY USE WHEREOF ONLY HE
CAN RENDER THE SAME EQUALLY GOOD AND FIT FOR THE SEVERALL PURPOSES OF IRON
HADE MALLEABLE BY MEANS OF CHARCOAL MADE OF WOOD; THAT THE USE OF SEA
OB PIT COAL ONLY ON THIS OCCASION WILL, IN A GREAT MEASURE, REMEDY THAT
SCARCITY OF WOOD AT PRESENT SO MUCH COMPLAINED OF, BY PREVENTING FOR THE
FUTURE SUCH VAST QUANTITIES AS ARE DAYLY CONSUMED IN MAKING IRON MALLEABLE
BY THE METHODS HOW IN USE; THAT MULTITUDES OF POOR FAMILYS WILL GAIN A
COMPETENT SUPPORT IN WORKING OF COAL FOR THE AFORESAID PURPOSE, AND
ESTATES BE CONSIDERABLY IMPROVED BY FURNISHING WHAT WOULD BE NECESSARY FOR
THIS UNDERTAKING SO GENERALLY ADVANTAGIOUS FOR THE PUBLICK GOOD;" and
having humbly prayed us to grant him our Royal Letters Patents for the sole
use and benefit of rendring sow or cast iron malleable by means of sea or pit.
coal without coaking, as aforesaid, in all places within England, the dñion of
Wales, and town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, for the term of fourteen years,.
according to the statute in such case made and provided, wee, being willing to
give encouragement. to all. arts and invenčons which may be for the publick
good and benefit, are gratiously pleased to condescend to his request.

page_text: KNOW YEE THEREFORE, that wee, of our especial grace, certaine know-
ledge, and meer močon, have given and granted, and by these psents for us,
our heires and successors, do give and grant, unto the said Roger Woodhouse,
his extors, admirators, and assignes, especial lycence, full power, sole priviledge
and authority, that he, the said Roger Woodhouse, his extors, admirators,
and assignes, and every of them, by himselfe or themselves, or by his or their
deputy and deputies, servants or agents, or such others as he, the said
Roger Woodhouse, his extors, adñirators, or assignes, shall at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term hereby
expressed, shall and lawfully may make, use, exercise, and vend his said
Invenčon of rendring sow and cast iron malleable by means of sea or pit coal
without coaking, as aforesaid, within that part of our kingdom of Great
Britain called England, our dñion of Wales, and town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, in such manner as to him, the said Roger Woodhouse, his extors,
admirators, and assignes, or any of them, shall in their discretions seem
meet, and that he, the said Roger Woodhouse, his extors, admirators, and
assignes, shall and lawfully may have and enjoy the whole profit, benefit,
comodity, and advantage from time to time comeing, growing, accrewing, and
arising by reason of the said Invenčon, for and during the term of years
herein menconed, to have, hold, exercise, and enjoy the said lycence, powers,
priviledges, and advantages herein-before granted or menconed to be granted
unto the said Roger Woodhouse, his extors, admrators, and assignes, for and
during and unto the full end and term of fourteen years from the date of these
presents next and imediately ensueing, and fully to be compleat and ended,
according to the statute in such case made and provided; and to the end that
the said Roger Woodhouse, his extors, admirators, and assignes, and every of
them, may have and enjoy the full benefit and the sole use and exercise of
the said Invenčon, according to our gratious intenčon herein-before declared,
wee do by these psents, for us, our heires and successors, require and strictly
command all and every pson and psons, bodies politick and corporate, and
all other our subiects whatsoever, of what estate, quality, or degree, name
or condičon soever they be, within that said part of our kingdom of Great
Britain called England, our dition of Wales, and town of Berwick-upon-Tweed
aforesaid, that neither they or any of them, at any time during the con-
tinuance of the said term of fourteen years hereby granted, either directly or
indirectly, do make, use, or put in practice the said Invencon or any part of
the same so attained unto by the said Roger Woodhouse as aforesaid, nor
in anywise counterfeit, imitate, or resemble the same, nor shall make or cause
to be made any addition thereunto or substracčon from the same, whereby

page_text: to pretend himselfe or themselves the inventor or inventors, devisor or devisors,
thereof, without the lycence, consent, or agreement of the said Roger
Woodhouse, his extors, admrators, or assignes, in writing under his or their
hands and seals first had and obtained in that behalfe, upon such pains
and penalties as can or may he justly inflicted on such offenders for their
contempt of this our royal command, and further to be answerable to the said
Roger Woodhouse, his extors, admirators, and assignes, according to law for
his and their damages thereby occasioned; and moreover wee do by these
presents, for us, our heires and successors, will and comand all and singular
the justices of the peace, mayors, sheriffes, bayliffes, constables, headboroughs,
and all other officers and ministers whatsoever of us, our heires and successors,
for the time being, that they or any of them do not nor shall, at any time
hereafter during the said term hereby granted, in anywise molest, trouble,
or hinder the said Roger Woodhouse, bis extors, admrators, or assignes, or
any of them, or his or their deputies, servants, or agents, in or about the dne
and lawfull use or exercise of the said Invenčon, or anything relating thereto :
Provided always, and these our Lřes Patents are and shall be upon this con-
dičon, that if at any time during the said term hereby granted it shall bo
made appeare to us, our heires or successors, or any six or more of our or their
Privy Council, that this our grant is contrary to law, or Pjudiciall or incon-
venient to our subjects in generall, or that the said Invenčon is not a new
invenčon as to the publick use and exercise thereof in that, said part of our
kingdom of Great Britain called England, our dñion of Wales, or town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, or not invented and found out by the said Roger
Woodhouse as aforesaid, then, upon significačon or declaračon thereof, to
be made by us, our heires or successors, under our or their signet or privy
seal, or by the lords and others of our or their Privy Councill, or any six or
'more of them, under their hands, these our Lřes Patents shall forthwith
cease, determine, and be utterly void to all intents and purposes, anything
herein-before contained to the contrary in anywise notwithstanding; provided
also, that these our Lřes Patents, or anything herein contained, shall not
extend or be construed to extend to give priviledge unto the said Roger Wood-
house, his extors, admirators, or assignes, or any of them, to use or imitate any
invenčon or work whatsoever which hath heretofore been found out or invented
by any other of our subjects whatsoever, and publickly used or exercised in
that said part of our kingdom of Great Britain called England, our dñion of
Wales, or town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, unto whom like Lřes Patents or
priviledges have been already granted for the sole use, exercise, and benefit
thereof, it being our will and pleasure that the said Roger Woodhouse,
his extors, adm", and assignes, and all and every other pson and psous to

page_text: whom like Lies Patents or priviledges have been already granted as aforesaid,
shall distinctly use and practise their severall invenčons by them invented and
found out, according to the true intent and meaning of the same respective
Lřes Patents and of these presents; provided likewise, nevertheless, and
theso our Lřes Patents are upon this express condičon, that if the said Roger
Woodhouse, his extors or adñirators, or any pson or psons which shall or may
at any time or times hereafter during the continuance of this grant have or
claym any right, title, or interest in law or equity of, in, or to the power, privi-
ledge, and authority of the sole use and benefit of the said Invenčon hereby
granted, shall make any transferr or assignment, or any Ptended transferr or
assignment, of the said liberty and priviledge, or any share or shares of the
benefit or profit thereof, or shall declare any trust thereof to or for any
number of persons exceeding the number of five, or shall open or causo to be
opened any booke or books for publick subscripcons to be made by any number
of persons exceeding the number of five, in order to the raising any sume or
sumes of money under pretence of carrying on the said liberty or priviledge
hereby granted, or shall by him or themselves, or his or their agents or
servants, receive any sume or sūmes of money whatsoever of any number of
persons exceeding in the whole the number of five for such or the like intents
or purposes, or shall Psume to act as a corporate body, or shall divide the
benefit of these our Lřes Patents, or the liberty and priviledges hereby by us
granted, into any number of shares exceeding the number of five, or shall
cōmitt or do or procure to be committed or done any act, matter, or thing
whatsoever during such time as such person or persons shall have any right or
title either in law or equity in or to the said Pmisses which will be contrary
to the true intent and meaning of a certain Act of Parliament made in the
sixth year of our reign, intituled [an Act for the better securing certain powers
and priviledges intended to be granted by His Majestie by two charters for
assurance of ships and merchandizes at sea, and for lending money upon
bottomry, and for restraining several extravagant and unwarrantable practices
therein menconed], if these our Lřes Patents had not been granted, or in case
the said power, priviledge, or authority shall at any time hereafter become
vested in or in trust for more than the number of five psons or their repre-
sentatives at any one time (reckoning extors and adiñirators as and for the
single pson whom they represent as to such interest as they are or shall be
intitled to in right of such their testator or intestate), that then, and in any of
the said cases, these our Lřes Patents, and all liberties, priviledges, and advan-
tages whatsoever hereby granted, shall utterly cease, determine, and become
royd, anything herein-before contained to the contrary thereof in anywise not-
withstanding; and, lastly, wes do by these psents, for us, our heires and

page_text: successors, grant unto the said Roger Woodhouse, his extors, admrators, and
assignes, that these our Lřes Patents, or the inrollment or exemplificacon
thereof, shall be in and by all things good, firme, valid, sufficient, and effectual
in the law, according to the true intent and meaning thereof, and shall be
taken, construed, and adjudged in the most favorable and beneficial sense, for
the best advantage of the said Roger Woodhouse, his extors, admrators, and
assignes, as well in all our courts of record as elsewhere, and by all and sin-
gular the officers and ministers whatsoever of us, our heires and successors,
in that part of our said kingdom of Great Britain called England, our
dňion of Wales, and town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and amongst all and
every the subjects of us, our heires and successors, whatsoever and whereso-
ever, notwithstanding the not full and certaine describing the nature or quality
of the said Invenčon, or of the materials thereto conducing and belonging.