Coal Gas with Hydrocarbons.
Year: 1885

page_text: Coal Gas with Hydrocarbons.
We HARRY EDWARD ALEXANDER WALLIS of Farringdon Street, London, Gas
Engineer and HOWARD TAYLOR RATCLIFF of New Summer Street, Birmingham,
Warwick Brass Founder, do hereby declare the nature of our said invention for
"IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF CARBURETTING APPARATUS FOR BURNING COAL GAS
WITH HYDROCARBONS" to be as follows :—
The object of this invention is, to construct a carburetting apparatus in a special
manner, so that the heat of the gas flaine is conveyed, partly, by conduction
through the gas supply pipes, to the vessel or carburetter, and thence to the
hydrocarbon within it, and partly, by the flow of gas, which is heated previous
to its entry into the carburetter, the heat of the gas being maintained during its
passage through the carburetter, and again heated to a higher degree after
impregnation, on its way to the burner, whereby a flame of unusual brilliancy
and clearness, is produced.
We are enabled by our invention, to make all the joints and seams, of the
carburetter, hard soldered, or braized, instead of by soft solder as is usual.
For the purpose of our invention we make a vessel of any. desired shape, and
attach to the outside of same, a double or two holed branch, which is closely
connected to the shell of the vessel. One end of this double or two holed pipe is
connected to a bend, and one of the holes at the opposite end is connected to the
gas feed, the other end terminating within the hydrocarbon vessel. This double
pipe may have the same thickness of metal throughout its length, and be curved to
suit the shape of the vessel against which it lodges, or it may have a greater
thickness at one part than at another, with projecting lips to be in contact or nearly
so with the gas flame, so as to be heated by it. The impregnated gas passes from the
carburetting vessel, through a branch, or it may be through one of the projecting
lips, which can be arranged to serve as a branch, whereby, before reaching the
burner, the impregnated gas takes up a higher degree of heat than that derived
from the carburetting vessel, and of its passage through the entry pipe.

page_text: The double or two holed pipe may be of spiral or wavy form, to keep the gas in
contact for a longer period than would be possible with a pipe for straight flow,
and these pipes may be exposed, or be protected, by a screen, or a portion of
the carburetting vessel can be indented, or channeled, for the reception of this
double or two holed pipe, or it may be two separate pipes, the carburetting vessel
itself may be surrounded by a screen, to maintain uniform temperature within it.
Dated this 13th day of August 1885.
Coal Gas with Hydro Carbons.
We HARRY EDWARD ALEXANDER WALLIS of Farringdon Street, London, Gas
Engineer, and HOWARD TAYLOR RATCLIFF of New Summer Street, Birmingham,
Warwick, Brass Founder, do hereby declare the nature of our said invention and,
in what manner the same is to be, performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
'
The object of this invention is to construct carburetting apparatus in a special
manner so that the heat of the gas flame. is conveyed partly by conduction
through the gas supply pipes to the upper part of the vessel or carburetter and
thence to the hydro-carbon within it, the heat of the gas being maintained within
the carburetter and again heated to a higher degree after impregnation in a
chamber while on its way to the burner whereby a flame of unusual brilliancy and
clearness is produced.
We are enabled by our invention to make all the joints and seams of the
carburetter hard-soldered or braized instead of by soft-solder as is usual.
For the purpose of our invention which is illustrated by the annexed drawings
(Figure 1 being a part sectional elevation of the apparatus) we make a vessel A
of any desired shape (but preferably of the shape shown) and attach to the outside
of same a double or two holed branch B, B¹, which is close to the shell of the
vessel A. One end of this double or two holed pipe B terminates in a bend C in
the heating chamber formed by the hollow lip G, the other pipe B¹ being led into
and terminating within the hydro-carbon vessel A as at D. Both these pipes are
connected to the body of the tap E the plug F of which has an extra way through
it so that it can be turned for the inflowing gas to pass into the carburetting

page_text: vessel by B and D or direct through B by its bend C to the lip G which is hollow
and forms a retaining chamber in which the gas is heated to a higher degree or
made hot said chambered lip being above the flame and of such a capacity that it
forms a kind of governor and produces great steadyness of flame. This chambered
lip is also in connection and forms part of the interior of the vessel A so that the
hot gas has free play upon the hydro-carbon and is consequently carburetted to
perfection the temperature of the hot gas being maintained during its passage
down H to the burner I A small portion of the heat from the flame would
naturally be conveyed to the body A but said heat would have no appreciable
power that would cause a vaporization of the hydro-carbon, the pipes B, B¹ and
the lip chamber G from their closer proximity to the flame partake of the heat so
that the vaporization of the hydro carbon is produced mainly by heated gas and
not by conduction alone from a solid plate from the outside as by carburetting
vessels hitherto constructed.
The lip chamber may have a solid extension as at J but this would only conduct
heat to said hollow lip G for heating the gas.
"
The main advantage derived from this invention is the gas being first warmed
is then raised in temperature and permitted free play on the surface of the
napthaline for vaporizing it and is allowed to flow to the burner without decrease
of temperature whereby a most thorough and efficient carburation takes place
producing an improved flame.
The double or two holed pipe B, B¹, may be of spiral or wavy form as shown at
Figure 2 to keep the gas in contact for a longer period than would be possible with
a pipe for straight flow and these pipes B, B¹, may be exposed or be protected by
a nonconductor screen K (Figure 3) projecting from the tap and not in actual
connection with the body of the vessel which we purposely keep as cool as possible
to prevent heat conduction to the carburetting substance in the vessel A, which
vessel can be indented or channeled for the reception of this double or two holed
pipe or it may be two separate pipes as shown at Figure 3. The upper part of the
carburetting vessel itself may be surrounded by a screen to maintain uniform
temperature within it.
We are aware that Hydro-carbon bodies (notably Napthaline) have been
employed for carburetting coal gas for the purpose of enriching the flame thereof
the application and use of such material for that purpose having been described in
specifications of Letters Patents granted to M Donovan and to W R Bowditch in
the years 1830 and 1862 respectively and also by others since those years, therefore
our invention does not relate to the application or use of a Hydro-carbon
(Napthaline) as a means of enriching gas flame nor to the vaporization of Hydro-
carbon by heat conduction by metal plates to the hydro-carbon container, but to
special construction of apparatus and to special means by which the vaporization
of Hydro-carbon (Napthaline) is obtained from heated gas acting on the surface
of said hydro-carbon.
By our invention we prevent the Hydro-carbon becoming too hot or overheated as
is the case where the heat of the flame is imparted or conducted direct to that part
of the body of the vessel which holds the bulk of the hydro-carbon. The heat by
our arrangement is localized in the upper part of the carburetter and is derived
mainly or almost exclusively from heated gas either as coal gas or as carburetted
coal gas above the level of the Hydro-carbon.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is:-
1. The improved construction of carburetting apparatus for burning coal gas
with bydro-carbons, whereby the gas is heated before it enters the carburetting
vessel and again heated to a higher degree after carburation as above set forth with
reference to the annexed drawings.

page_text: 2. The employment of pipes B, B¹ outside the vessel A. but connected therewith
and within range of the flame for warming the entering gas, in combination with
the hollow lip G for raising the temperature of carburetted gas, said warmed gas
and heated carburetted gas entering into and being taken from said vessel A above
the level of the hydro-carbon as hereinbefore described essentially with reference
to the drawings, Figures 1, 2 and 3, annexed.