IMPROVEMENTS IN DOUGHING OR KNEADING MACHINES
Year: 1884

page_text: I, GEORGE JOHNSTON, of Plantation Engine Works, Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DOUGHING OR KNEADING MACHINES" to be as follows:-
The said Invention has for its object to simplify and improve the construction
of doughing or kneading machines; and a machine as made with the improvements
is provisionally shown on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, Figure 1, being a
longitudinal vertical section and Figure, 2, an elevation whilst Figure, 3, is a
transverse sectional view of the internal operating parts.
The doughing or kneading operation is effected in a vessel, 4, the lower part of
which is cylindrical, whilst the ends are vertical. The vessel, 4, is provided with
a cover of which a part, 5, is at the top whilst a part, 6, is at what may be termed
the front, and the vessel is mounted on trunnions, 7, in bearings on a frame, 8, so
that it can be turned down into a convenient position for being emptied. This
turning down is effected by means of a shaft, 9, having on it a worm, 10, which
gears with an arc-shaped rack indicated by dotted lines at 11, Figure 2.
The doughing or kneading operation is effected by means of two rotating
combinations of blades forming frames, 12, 13, of which one 12, is within the
other, 13, and is made to rotate in the same direction as the other but at a greater
speed, that is making a greater number of turns per minute. The inner blade
frame, 12, is made with three longitudinal bars the middle one, 14, of which is at
an equal distance from the two outer ones, and these longitudinal bars are
connected by two or more radial bars besides the end bars. The outer blade
frame, 13, is made with four longitudinal bars each pair being connected by two
or more transverse bars between the end bars. The inner blade frame, 12, has its
ends formed or fixed on short shafts, 15, and the outer blade frame, 13, has its ends
formed or fixed on short tubular shafts, 16, through which the shafts, 15, of the
inner frame pass. Externally the shafts, 15, 16, of the blade frames, 12, 13, have
fixed on them spur wheels 17, 17, 18, 18, which gear respectively with pinions,
19, 19, 20, 20, on a first-motion shaft 21, at the back of the machine and having
on it fast and loose pulleys, 22, for a driving belt.

page_text: By this Invention rotation of the blade frames in one direction is made to give
satisfactory results by making the frames rotate at different speeds; and whilst this
result is obtained with simplified gearing there are the further advantages that the
objectionable effect termed "felling" of the dough is avoided and that the kneaded
dough can be turned out of the vessel more easily and satisfactorily with the
improved arrangement.
I, GEORGE JOHNSTON, of Plantation Engine Works, Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DOUGHING OR KNEADING MACHINES" and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement-that is to say:-—
My said Invention has for its object to simplify and improve the construction of
doughing or kneading machines; and a machine as made with the improvements
is shown on the accompanying Sheet of explanatory Drawings, Figure, 1, being a
longitudinal vertical section and Figure, 2, an elevation whilst Figure, 3, is a
transverse sectional view of the internal operating parts.
The doughing or kneading operation is effected in a vessel, 4, the lower part of
which is cylindrical, whilst the ends are vertical. The vessel, 4, is provided with
a cover of which a part, 5, is at the top whilst a part, 6, is at what may be termed
the front; and the vessel is mounted on trunnions, 7, in bearings on a frame, 8, so
that it can be turned down into a convenient position for being emptied. This
turning down is effected by means of a shaft, 9, having on it a worm, 10, which
gears with an arc-shaped rack indicated by dotted lines at, 11, Figure 2.
The doughing or kneading operation is effected by means of two rotating
combinations of blades forming frames, 12, 13, of which one, 12, is within the
other, 13, and is made to rotate in the same direction as the other but at a greater
The inner blade
speed, that is, making a greater number of turns per minute.
frame, 12, is made with three longitudinal bars the middle one, 14, of which is at
an unequal distance from the two outer ones; and these longitudinal bars are
The outer blade
connected by two or more radial bars besides the end bars.
frame, 13, is made with four longitudinal bars each pair being connected by two
or more transverse bars between the end bars. The inner blade frame, 12, has its
ends formed or fixed on short shafts, 15, and the outer blade frame, 13, has its ends
formed or fixed on short tubular shafts, 16, through which the shafts, 15, of the
inner frame pass. Externally the shafts, 15, 16, of the blade frames, 12, 13, have
fixed on them spur wheels, 17, 17, 18, 18, which gear respectively with pinions
19, 19, 20, 20, on a first-motion shaft, 21, at the back of the machine and having
on it fast and loose pulleys 22, for a driving belt. By this Invention rotation of
the blade frames in one direction is made to give satisfactory results by making

page_text: the frames rotate at different speeds; and whilst this result is obtained with
simplified gearing there are the further advantages that the objectionable effect
termed "felling" of the dough is avoided and that the kneaded dough can be
turned out of the vessel more easily and satisfactorily with the improved
arrangement.
I do not restrict myself to the precise details herein described or delineated
provided that the distinctive features of my Invention are retained these being,
1, the combination of mechanism forming the complete machine; and 2, the
arranging of the two blade frames to rotate in the same direction at different
speeds.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:
1. The combination of mechanism forming my improved doughing or kneading
machine substantially as hereinbefore described.
2. The arranging of the two blade frames to rotate in the same direction at
different speeds, substantially as herein before described.
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