Improvements in and relating to Grain Cleaning and Husking Machines.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 14th July, 1892
Complete Specification Left, 30th Mar., 1893—Accepted, 14th July, 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Grain Cleaning and Husking
Machines.
We, ADAM EHRESMANN and HEINRICH EHRESMANN, both of Kaiserslautern,
in the Empire of Germany, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to grain cleaning and husking machines.
To free the grains from beard, germ and pericarp preparatory to the grinding of
the same, which is the primary requisite of milling, is fulfilled as far as practicable
by the machine which forms the subject of our invention.
In carrying this invention into practice we arrange in a round sheet iron box a
round stone or a wooden drum provided with a rasp plate or roughened steel sheet
and adapted to turn at a velocity of about 500 revolutions per minute. The axis of
the stone or of the drum is parallel with that of the aforesaid box and is eccentric
to the box to such an extent as is needed for providing a narrowed passage for the
grain between the stone and box on the side opposite to the outlet.
The grains dropping through the inlet into the box are carried away by the
revolution of the stone or of the drum in the direction of the movement of the same,
and are rubbed in the space left between the box aud the stone or the drum for
removing beard and germ.
At the bottom of the box the descending movement of the grain to be cleaned
begins to change to a rising movement. With the increasing steepness and
contraction of the passage through which the grain has to move upwards the
progress of the same is gradually retarded. Each grain whether large or small
will, being apparently directed in its longitudinal axis move upwards in spiral lines.
Under these conditions the several grains are attacked on all sides with complete
uniformity by the operating parts of the machine and are thus gradually freed
altogether from the outer skin or pericarp.
As the stone or the cover of the drum is subjected to slow wear the box is
constructed to allow for the same.
In proportion as the distance of the stone from the box increases, the said stone
can be moved nearer to the box. This is effected by the displacement of the
bearings of the stone or of the shaft of the drum upon the frame of the machine by
means of a screw. When the displacement is no longer possible in this manner the
distance between the box and the stone or the drum can be changed by reducing
the diameter of the box. For this purpose the box is constructed in the following
manner.
In
Its casing is provided with covers closing the same in front and at the rear.
these covers are formed several' circular grooves of gradually decreasing diameter.
We insert the ends of the casing into two of these grooves of equal diameter and
then draw the two covers together by means of screws. When the stone has
become too small the said casing is placed in the next smaller groove in the two
covers, thereby decreasing the diameter of the box:
At its end opposite the outlet the plate has slits or openings through which the
waste leaves the machine.
The introduction of the grain, which must take place at exact periods and in
definite quantities; is effected by the 'automatic filling apparatus which may be
arranged at any desired distance above the cleaning and husking machine. This
apparatus comprises a box which is divided by a partition into two compartments
one of which serves for the reception of the mechanism, and the other for the
reception of the grain to be cleaned each time. The compartment for the grain is
closed above and below by two spring slides and may be decreased or increased by

page_text: the displacement of a wall of the box. At the upper part of this compartment
terminates a funnel and from the lower part extends a pipe to the cleaning and
husking machine. The aforesaid two slides enable the filling or emptying of the
compartment for the grain proportionately to the time necessary for the cleaning
and husking operation, motion being imparted to the slides by the device hereinafter
described.
Transversely through the said box is arranged a shaft. Upon this shaft we
secure on the outside of the box, a toothed wheel and a ratchet wheel, and provide
in the interior of the box a double-armed lever. The two arms of this lever are
forked and each fork receives a roller. A reciprocating rod turns the above-
mentioned toothed wheel fixed upon the said shaft through an equal distance in
every double movement. By altering the throw of the eccentric or by using a
toothed wheel with a different number of teeth we can change the rotary velocity
of the shaft and therefore the time of the succession of the filling and emptying of
the feed apparatus. Together with the toothed wheel turns a double armed lever
fixed upon the said shaft which then presses at one point of its. path with one of its
rollers against a catch on the upper slide, and thereby displaces, the latter, so that
the compartment for the grain will be opened at the top and the grain will run from
the funnel into this compartment. Meanwhile the double-armed lever continues to
turn and its roller leaves the catch on the upper slide. The slide is immediately
caused to return to its original position by the action of a spring so as to shut off
the compartment for the grain from the funnel. In the meantime the other roller
of the said lever strikes against the upper arm of a second double armed lever, the
lower arm of which then acts upon a catch on the lower slide in such a manner that
this slide will be displaced in the same direction as the upper. slide previously,
thereby opening the compartment at its lower part. The grain in the aforesaid
compartment has now free access to the cleaning and hulling machine, the said
compartment being emptied. Meanwhile the roller of the first double armed lever
passes the second double armed lever whereupon the slide by reason of the action
of its spring returns to its original position and shuts off the compartment again
towards cleaning and hulling the machine.
The same operation is continually repeated; the filling and emptying of the said
compartment follow each other. This succession of filling and emptying depends
upon the time which the cleaning and husking machine requires for treating the
grain.
A slide at the outlet of the machine is likewise actuated by the apparatus which
automatically regulates the admission of the grain to the machine. The rod
attached to the said slide is fixed at its upper end to the front end of the one-armed
lever. This lever is secured to the outside of the rear wall of the box of the feed
apparatus and at or near its middle a widened square part. The one-armed lever
is actuated by another lever which has the same shape as the double-armed lever
in the interior of the box and is fixed upon the same shaft. Its rollers touch in
their circular movement the square part of the said lever, thereby opening the slide
at the outlet of the machine. As soon as the roller on the said lever leaves the
square part of the one armed lever the outlet is closed again by the slide.
We fix the two double armed lovers upon the above-mentioned shaft so that as
soon as one of the covers lets the slide at the outlet fall the other lever will open
the slide of the feed apparatus. Accordingly the cleaned and husked grain leaves
the machine before fresh grain is admitted.
The arrangement of the stone and of the sheet metal box may be either
.horizontal or vertical. But in order that in the latter arrangement the grain owing
to the falling movement, shall not leave the box too quickly the stone, and the sheet
metal box are made conical instead of cylindrical.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicants.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Grain Cleaning and Husking
Machines.
We, ADAM EHRESMANN and HEINRICH EHRESMANN both of Kaiserslautern
in the Empire of Germany, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention relates to grain cleaning and husking machines.
To free the grains from beard, gerin and pericarp preparatory to the grinding of
the same, which is the primary requisite of milling is fulfilled as far as practicable
by the machine which forms the subject of our invention.
In the accompanying drawings we have shown how our said invention may
be conveniently and advantageously carried into practice the several figures of the
drawings being hereinafter referred to.
In carrying this invention into practice we arrange in a round sheet-iron box or
case Za round stone S or a wooden drum provided with a rasp plate or roughened
sheet of steel and adapted to turn in the direction of the arrow in Figure 3 at a
velocity of about 500 revolutions per minute. The axis of the stone or of the
drum is parallel with that of the aforesaid box or case and is eccentric to the said
box or case to such an extent as is necessary for providing a narrowed passage for
the grain between the stone and box on the side d opposite the outlet A.
:
The grain passing through the inlet E into the box is carried away by the
revolution of the stone or of the drum in the direction of the movement of the same,
and the said grain is rubbed in the space left between the box and the stone or the
drum for removing the beard and germ.
At the lower part e of the box the descending movement of the grain to be
cleaned begins to change to a rising movement.
With the increasing steepness and
contraction of the passage through which the grain has to move upwards the
progress of the same is gradually retarded. Each grain, whether large or small,
will, being apparently directed in its longitudinal axis move upwards in spiral lines.
under these conditions the several grains are attached on all sides with complete
uniformity by the operating parts of the machine and are thus gradually freed
altogether from the outer skin or pericarp.
As the stone or the cover of the drum is subjected to slow wear the box is
constructed to allow for the same.
In proportion as the distance of the stone from the box increases by reason of
the wear of the former the said stone can be moved nearer to the box. This is
effected by the displacement of the bearings of the stone or of the shaft of the drum
upon the frame of the machine by means of a screw u. When the displacement is
no longer possible in this manner the distance between the box and the stone or
the drum can be changed by reducing the diameter of the box.. For this purpose
the box is constructed in the following manner. Its casing is provided with covers
closing the same in front and at the rear. In these covers are formed several
circular grooves of gradually decreasing diameter. We insert the ends of the
casing into two of these grooves of equal diameter and then draw the two covers
together by means of screws. When the stone has become too small the said
casing is placed in the next smaller groove in the two covers, thereby decreasing the
diameter of the box.
The sheet iron box has slits or little openings at d opposite to the side of the
outlet. These openings are of such diameter that the grain will not pass through
them, but the waste product, viz. the small particles cut off or shaved off will leave
the machine through said openings.
The introduction of the grain, which must take place at exact periods and in,
definite quantities, is effected by the automatic filling apparatus which may be

page_text: arranged at any desired distance above the cleaning and husking machine. As
shown in the drawings this apparatus comprises a box K which is divided by a
partition M into two compartments one of which G serves for containing the
mechanism and the other g for the reception of a certain quantity of grain to
be cleaned each time. The compartment g for the grain is closed above and
below by two spring slides J and J and the capacity of the compartment g
may be increased or diminished by the displacement of a wall of the box,
At the upper part of this compartment 9 is arranged a funnel T and from the
lower part extends a pipe E to the cleaning and husking machine. The aforesaid
two slides J and J' enable the filling or emptying of the compartment for
the grain proportionately to the time necessary for the cleaning and husking
operation, motion being imparted to the said slides by the device hereinafter
described.
Transversely through the said box K is arranged a shaft b. Upon this shaft
we secure, on the outside of the box, a toothed wheel R and a ratchet wheel P,
and provide in the interior of the box K a double armed lever H.
The two
arms of this lever are forked and each fork is provided with a roller. A!
reciprocating rod X turns the above-mentioned toothed wheel R fixed upon the
said shaft through an equal distance in every double movement. By altering
the throw of the eccentric or by using a toothed wheel with a different number
of teeth R we can change the rotary velocity of the shaft and therefore the
time of the succession of the filling and emptying of the feed apparatus. Together
with the toothed wheel R turns a double arm lever H fixed upon the said
shaft which then presses at one point of its path with one of its rollers against
a catch W on the upper slide J and thereby displaces the latter in the direction
of the arrow, so that the compartment 7 for the grain will be opened at the top
and the grain will run from the funnel T into this compartment. Meanwhile
the double arned lever H continues to turn and its roller leaves the catch W on
the upper slide. The slide is immediately caused to return to its 'original
position by the action of a spring F so as to shut off the compartment g for
the grain from the funnel T. In the meantime the other roller of the said
lever H strikes against the upper arm of a second double armed lever L, the
lower arm of which then acts upon a catch Won the lower slide J in such
a manner that this slide will be displaced in the same direction as the upper
slide J. previously, thereby opening the compartment g at its lower part.
grain in the aforesaid compartment g has, now free access to the cleaning and
husking machine the said compartment being emptied. Meanwhile the roller of
the first double armed lever H passes the second double armed lever L where-
upon the slide by reason of the action of its spring F returns to its original
position and shuts off the compartment again from the cleaning and husking
machine.
.
The
The same operation is continually repeated; the filling and emptying of the said
compartment g follow each other. This succession of filling and emptying depends
upon the time which the cleaning and husking machine requires for treating the
grain.
"
A slide N at the outlet of the machine is likewise actuated by the apparatus
which automatically regulates the admission of the grain to the machine. The rod
attached to the said slide N is fixed at its upper end to the front end of the
one-armed lever B. This lever is secured to the outside of the rear wall of the
box of the feed apparatus and at or near its middle it has a widened square
part V. The one-armed lever B is actuated by another lever D which has the
same shape as the double armed lever H in the interior of the box K and is
fixed upon the same shaft b. Its rollers touch in their circular movement the
square part V of the said lever B thereby opening the slide N at the outlet of
the machine. As soon as the roller on the said lever D leaves the square part
of the one-armed lever the outlet is closed again by the slide N.
:
The double armed lever H on the axis b, is adapted to bear with its upper end

page_text: against a piece W connected with the slide J and with the lower end against a
lever L, which bears against the step W' of the slide J' so that by turning the
axis b, the two slides J and J will be closed or opened together, and the lever D
turned at the same time. Now if the upper part of the lever D is moved up, it
raises the lever B and slide N accordingly, and the cleaned grain leaves the
apparatus t then B moves down and H works the slides J and J.
The arrangement of the stone S and of the sheet metal box may be either
horizontal or vertical. But in order that in the latter arrangement the grain owing to
the falling movement, shall not leave the box too quickly the stone and the sheet
metal box are made conical instead of cylindrical as shown in Figure 4.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
First. A grain cleaning and husking machine with automatic devices for feeding
the grain to and delivering the same from the said machine characterized by the
arrangement of a rotary stone, or of a short metal drum within a box or case in
such a manner that the distance between the circumference of the stone or the
sheet metal drum and the inside of the box surrounding the same may be varied so
as to form passages of different widths for the grain to be treated.
1
Second. For regulating the passages for the grain between the box and the stone
or the sheet metal drum as characterized in the first claim. (a) The employment
of adjustable bearings in which the shaft of the stone or of the sheet-metal drum
turns, and (b) the arrangement of grooves of different diameters in the two covers
of the box so that by putting the edges of the casing in a groove of smaller
diameter the diameter of the box will be reduced in proportion.
Third. In combination with the machine above described and the means for
uniformly and periodically filling and emptying of the same, the arrangement of a
measuring receptacle y above the machine, the inlet and outlet openings of
which are alternately opened and closed by the action of the double-armed lever H
and the springs F F upon the slides J and J and the arrangement of a slide N
adapted to close the outlet opening of the machine, and which is opened from time
to time by the lifting of the lever B by a lever D secured upon the same shaft as
the double-armed lever H.
Fourth. For regulating the quantity of grain to be admitted to the machine
the arrangement of an adjustable wall O in the measuring receptacle g above
described.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicants,