IMPROVENENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Gilbert Martien, of Newark, New Jersey, in
the United States of America, but now residing at 32, Essex Street,
Strand London for the Invention of "IMPROVENENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
Sealed the 26th September 1856, and dated the 4th April 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Gilbert Martien
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th April 1856.
I, JOSEPH GILBERT MARTIEN, of Newark, New Jersey, in the United States
of America, but now residing at 32, Essex Street, Strand, London, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF IRON," to be as follows:-
The application of atmospheric air and steam in their natural state or in a
heated state through & amongst fluid iron as it flows from or directly after
it has flowed from a blast or smelting furnace & prior to congelation, has
been described in a Patent granted to me on the 15th September 1855.
And the object of my present Invention is, and consists, firstly, in applying
to and disseminating through & amongst fluid iron as it flows from a blast or
smelting furnace chlorine, hydrogen, or any desirable gas or gasses, either
separately or combined, and in a natural state or in a heated state; and also

page_text: in applying to and disseminating through & amongst fluid iron as it flows
from a smelting furnace chloride of sodium, oxide of manganese, oxide of
zinc, or any alkaline earthy mineral and metallic substance or matter, sepa-
rately or combined, as may be found desirable, in relation to the substance
operated upon.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Gilbert Martien in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 2nd October 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
GILBERT MARTIEN, of Newark, New Jersey, in the United States of North
America, but now residing in London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Joseph Gilbert Martien, Her special licence that I, the said Joseph Gilbert
Martien, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Joseph Gilbert Martien, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain, and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Joseph Gilbert Martien, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Gilbert Martien, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof (that is to say):-
In the Specification which I filed, in pursuance of Letters Patent, granted
to me by Her said Majesty, bearing date the Fifteenth day of September, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, I described a mode of purifying iron

page_text: when in the liquid state after being drawn from the blast furnace by means
of atmospheric air or steam applied below, and so as to rise up through the
liquid metal. The Invention, mentioned in the Letters Patent above recited;
consists in using or applying certain materials to the liquid iron thus subjected
to the action of air or steam, for the purpose of purifying or assisting in the
purifying of the iron. And I use or apply those materials to the iron in the
liquid state in which it comes from the furnace, in such manner that they
shall become blended with or disseminated through the metal, so as to act
upon every part of it as far as practically may be.
When the iron to be purified contains sulphur, I use chlorine for the pur-
pose of purifying the iron from the sulphur, and the chlorine being in a
gaseous state, I blow it into the iron, in the same manner as described in the
said Specification of my said former Letters Patent, and, either alone or mixed
with air, through separate tuyeres, or through the same tuyeres as the air em-
ployed in the purifying process. The quantity of chlorine to be used must
depend upon the quantity of sulphur in the iron, and I use such a quantity of
the chlorine as will combine with and carry off all the sulphur.
When the iron to be purified contains sulphur and also some oxide of iron,
I use hydrogen or carburetted hydrogen (coal gas), in order to reduce the
oxide to a metallic state, and to combine with and carry off the sulphur, and I
apply such gas in the same way as chlorine; but if the gas be mixed with air,
great care must be taken not to mix the air and gas in such proportions as to
form an explosive compound.
When iron contains either at the commencement or at any other part of the
process oxide of iron as well as sulphur, it may be convenient first to use
chlorine for the purpose of carrying off the sulphur, and afterwards to use
bydrogen or carburetted hydrogen for the purpose of reducing the oxide to a
metallic state. In order to assist in purifying the iron from silica and make
it work more kindly, I add to the iron, as it flows from the blast furnace or
immediately after, about three per cent. of oxide of manganese, either alone, or
mixed with either of the materials herein-after mentioned. I prefer to blow
this oxide into the fluid metal by means of air, in the same way as the air used
for purifying the metal is blown into it, or the powdered oxide may be blown
in through the same tuyere as or together with that air. Oxide of zinc may
also be be used in the same manner in order to assist in decarbonizing the
liquid metal.
There is a well-known natural mineral or metallic substance called spathose
ore, containing, as I believe, carbonates of the oxides of iron and manganese,
and some other elements. In order to decarbonize or assist in decarbonizing

page_text: the liquid iron to be purified, I add to it about five per cent. of the spathose
ore, and I prefer to add it in a powdered state, and to blow it through tuyeres
into the liquid iron, in the same way as the oxide of manganese. And in
order to make the iron work more kindly, I use, together with the oxide of
manganese or spathose, ore, or mixed with them or either of them, about two
per cent. of clay which is free from silica, and I dry and powder. the clay and
add it to the iron, in the same way as the oxide of manganese and spathose ore.
When chlorine is not used in purifying the iron, chloride of sodium may
also be used, mixed or together with any of the materials above mentioned;
but I do not claim the use of chloride of sodium as any part of my Invention.
Instead of blowing the solid matter above mentioned into the liquid metal,
they may be added to it in any other way, taking care to stir up the metal, or
use other sufficient means to cause them to be thoroughly mixed with it.
Having now particularly described the nature of my said Invention, com-
prised in the said firstly herein-before mentioned Letters Patent, and also
the manner in which the same is to performed, I declare that I claim as of
my said Invention the use or application of chlorine, hydrogen, carburetted
hydrogen, oxide of manganese, oxide of zinc, spathose ore, and clay, for the
purpose of purifying or assisting in the purifying of liquid iron from the blast
furnace, in manner above described.
In witness, whereof, I, the said Joseph Gilbert Martien, have hereunto
.
set my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
J. G. MARTIEN.
(L.B.)