IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING AND HEATING BY AIR
Year: 1884

page_text: I CHARLES INWOOD of 187 Branstone Road in the Borough of Burton on Trent
in the County of Stafford Gas Fitter do hereby declare the nature of my Invention
for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING AND HEATING BY AIR
to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to an apparatus for heating & ventilating apartments by
the admission of pure warm or cold air & consists of an inner case or chamber
heated by gas or other fuel the combustion of which is fed entirely by the atmo-
sphere direct from the outside of the building in which it is placed. A great
feature in my Invention is that in case the apartment is used as a sleeping chamber
& the gas should by any accident become blown out or should escape there is
absolutely no danger to the occupants of the apartment as the inner chamber of
my apparatus where alone combustion is carried on has no connection with the
surrounding apartment.
In addition to the pipe from the outside for the supply of air for combustion
there is a vent pipe or chimney for carrying away the products thereof & this too
passes direct to the outside of the building. Around the inner or heating chamber
& at some distance from it is an outer case the space between the two being
connected with the outside atmosphere by a pipe for the admission of fresh air &
as the vent pipe or chimney from the heating chamber is arranged to pass through
this the fresh air becomes to some degree warmed before it actually comes into
contact with the body of the inner heating case & is then conducted by means of
gills over the entire heating surface & at last after passing over a reservoir con-
taining water (to neutralize the excessive dryness usually observable in air heated
by close stoves) passes out into the apartment by way of valves in the top of the
outer chamber.
A part of this outer chamber again is shut off from the rest & is connected by
valves with the apartment in which my apparatus is placed in order that the
vitiated air may be drawn from the room & conveyed to the outside of the building
by an outlet or pipe crowned by an exhaust cap and its place supplied by fresh air
from the external atmosphere.
The cap of the vent pipe or chimney I claim to be so constructed that the
smallest amount of wind impinging on it at any angle is carried over the same

page_text: plane as its outlet by which a vacuum is immediately caused to be replaced by the
vitiated air of the apartment.
This vent cap is composed of two hollow truncated cones of metal joined at
their outer circumferences & forming an angle of twenty-eight degrees or there-
abouts the diameter of the smaller aperture being one half that of the larger.
Above the box or chamber thus formed I place a circular diaphragm of the same
diameter as the chamber below & with a hole in the centre three fifths of its
diameter & so supported that the apertures shall be in the same plane. Above this
again at a distance of about one tenth of its diameter a plain disc of the same size
is placed.

page_text: I CHARLES INWOOD of 187 Branstone Road, Burton on Trent in the County of
Stafford do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for HoT AIR AND VENTI-
LATING APPARATUS and in what manner the same is to be performed, to bo
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
I claim by the principles of construction of this apparatus to supply fresh hot
or cold air direct from the external atmosphere-To carry of the vitiated air from
the apartment in which my apparatus is placed-To give out all the heat which
the fuel developes except that small part which passes up the chimney and (when
in full operation to burn nearly all gasses & smoke before passing through the
lighted fuel. I also claim by the construction of the door of the heating chamber
that there is no possibility of the slightest escape of the elements of combustion
into the apartment.
My invention relates to an apparatus for heating & ventilating by the
admission of pure warm or cold air and the extraction of vitiated air from an
apartment.
Figs: I & II of the accompanying drawings are longitudinal & transverse
sections showing the entire construction (with the exception of the exhaust caps
& pipes) of a single acting apparatus heated by gas. C. is the inner heating
chamber in which is placed an atmospheric gas burner F which consists of a mixing
chamber containing inlets for the admission of gas & air surmounted by a hollow
piece of metal of semi-spherical form pierced by a number of small openings in its
circumference through which the mixed gas is emitted.
I claim for the shape of this burner that it shall secure complete combustion
& that any fire falling from the means employed in lighting shall be guided off to
some distance from the air inlets. The air for combustion is supplied from the
outside atmosphere by means of the pipe E & passing through the air passage e
comes into contact with the baffle plate c¹ which protects the flame of the burner F
from sudden outside atmospheric disturbance and also increases the temperature of
the air before it is admitted to the mixing chamber of the gas burner F. In the
heating chamber C and at some distance from the gas burner is placed a fire clay
block T containing a sufficient number of passages to conduct the products of
combustion into the zigzag tube c & after passing over the entire inner surface they
are carried round the outer chamber B between the dividing plates c³ and conveyed
to the outside of the building through the vent pipe c¹ being assisted in their
course by the action of the exhaust caps H. Fig 8. The fresh air for heating
purposes is conducted from the outside atmosphere through the tube G and
admitted to the outer case through the openings b'. Figs: 7 & 7a are plan &
section of a metal case through which the fresh air passes from the tube G Fig I
to the outer heating case. K is a plan-K a section D is the vent pipe or
chimney arranged to carry off the vitiated air & c¹ to carry off the products of
combustion-b is the passage & opening for emitting the fresh air to the outer
heating case.
The fresh air after passing into the outer case is conducted over the entire
heating surface of zigzag tube c and the case B by means of gills 6' and then passes

page_text: over a reservoir W containing water & finally admitted to the apartment in which
the apparatus is placed by way of the valves V In order that the vitiated air may
be drawn from the apartment the apparatus is provided with a chamber O to which
is connected the vent pipe D, which is arranged to pass to the outside of the
apartment through the conducting tube G & is crowned by exhaust caps H.
The
Fig 8. The quantity of air can be regulated to pass through this vent pipe by
the valve v. a drawing showing the working of this valve is shown in Fig 11
plate is placed between guides and is connected to the bell crank which on
being worked backward & forwards by the rod v causes the joint of the plate v to
slide in the slot of the crank v² carrying with it the plate v, under various con-
ditions where the conducting tubes as G or E cannot be fixed in one length
I connect them by the ends of the tubes being flanged as at E Fig 10 inserting
between their faces suitable packing-a metal diaphragm e² is placed at the back
of the flanges & they are then bolted together thereby securing strength and
preventing any escape of the air contained in this tube to the atmosphere
surrounding it.
In the body of the apparatus A. & extending to the inner heating chamber C
Fig I is provided an opening with cover for lighting the gas burner and shutting
off the inner heating chamber C (where combustion is carried on) from the atmo-
sphere of the apartment in which my apparatus is fixed. This forms a complete
expanding air tight door without packing.
The construction of this consists of a shell or opening J' Fig I which has a
tapered conical surface of an angle considered suitable to ensure perfect freedom
from binding with the cover when expansion takes place. J is the cover tapered
at the same. angle as the shell or opening J¹ These conical surfaces are ground
together so that when in position they are perfectly air tight.
Attached to this cover J is a metal frame i to carry the handle 1 fitted to which
are two blocks of metal. On each of these blocks and extending to the width of
the frame is a seating with a slight projection in the centre. Tapering off from
the edges of the seating to the ends of the block, wedges are formed e¹. Fixed to
the body of the apparatus A & on a line with the centre of the opening J are two
square pins es, e² is a block of metal similar in construction to e-but with a guide
attached to allow it to slide freely on the pins e³. Between the block e² & the
regulating knob e is placed spiral spring or the weighted lever e³. The action of
this door takes place in the following manner: The door J is placed in position by
the handle I being held vertically & by a quarter turn in either direction where-
upon the block e forces up the block e* and finds its seating by the projection in
the centre of e¹ sliding into the groove in e³. When expansion takes place the
block e¹ forces the block e² up the pin e³ which is counteracted by the spiral spring
or weighted lever.
Fig 3, is a plan showing perforations through which the fresh air is emitted to
the apartment in which my apparatus is placed & also shows the position of the
vent pipes, tubes & expanding air-tight door.
Fig 5 is a longitudinal section of a single acting apparatus. Fig 6 is a transverse
section through dotted line f, Fig 5.
The principles of its action are exactly the same as Fig I & 2 but different in
Construction being designed for burning coal-coke or other carbonaceous fuels
C. is the inner heating chamber containing a fireclay lining T¹ & extending from
side to side in this chamber is a baffle plate R¹. To feed this chamber C. the door L
is thrown open & the fuel placed in the box P. On closing the door L the handle v
is raised and by the weight of the fuel the door v is thrown open & the contents
of the box passed into the chamber C. The handle & lever attachment are shown
more clearly in Fig 11. The air for combustion is conducted from the outside
of the building through the tube E which is arranged. to pass under the bottom of
the fireclay lining T¹ and is emitted from the tube E into a chamber seperate from
the rest of the apparatus so that when the fire is in operation the air becomes
heated to a high temperature before it passes through the valve Us to the chamber C

page_text: where combustion is carried on and after passing through the fire the products of
combustion are conveyed through the opening r. r to the zigzag tube c which
passes to the outside of the building through the vent pipe or chimney c¹ in the
same manner as in Fig I.
V & V are an opening forming a valve by which the amount of air for com-
bustion can be regulated L' is the cleaning out door. R, are bars so constructed
and fitted that the chamber may be easily cleaned out & the fuel shifted in case it
should cake. W is a reservoir containing water to neutralize the dryness of the
air. V are valves for regulating the amount of air admitted to the apartment.
B is the outer heating case. O the chamber in which the vitiated air is collected
& conveyed to the external atmosphere through the vent pipe D¹ being assisted by
the exhaust cap H.
vis a valve opening or closing at will to regulate the amount of vitiated air
required to be taken from the apartment.
63 are gills over which the fresh air is conducted. c³ are cleaning doors. G nozzle
of fresh air tube & b¹ opening for fresh air.
Fig 8 represents the outside of a building showing the position of the conducting
tubes E&G-also the vent pipes or chimneys D & C¹.
Instead of fixing the vent pipes up the wall in the ordinary way as indicated by
the dotted lines they are brought together that the waste heat passing up the vent
pipe c¹ may warm the pipe D causing the vitiated air contained therein to rise with
greater velocity than it otherwise would in cold or heavy atmosphere. The cock
for turning on & off the gas will be placed in the chamber O and worked by the
handle or detector X Fig 4 which indicates at certain pressure marks the amount
of gas being supplied to the burner and also secures against explosion.
The construction of the cap of the vent pipes or chimneys I claim to be such
that the smallest amount of atmospheric motion or wind impinging on it at any
angle is carried over the same plane as the outlet which immediately causes a
vacuum in the outlet or pipe causing it to be replaced by the vitiated air of the
apartment in which my apparatus is placed. This vent cap H Fig 8 is composed
of two hollow truncated cones of metal joined at their outer circumferences &
forming an angle of 28° or thereabouts-the diameter of the smaller aperture
being one half that of the larger h².
Above the box or chamber thus formed I place a circular diaphragm of the same
diameter as the chamber below and with a hole in the centre three fifths of its
diameter & so supported that the apertures shall be in the same plane.-Above
this again & at a distance of about one tenth of its diameter I fix a plain disc h¹
of the same diameter as the lower one with ornamental top & brackets as may be
required. H is an exhaust cap with four openings used for extracting greater
quantities of air when the apparatus is applied to heating & ventilating more than
one apartment as shown on Fig 4.
The pipes M are fixed to the top of the apparatus to convey the air to the
apartment required to be heated. N are pipes for conducting the vitiated air from
the apartment to the chamber O in the body of the apparatus. The dotted
lines N&M show the method of heating & ventilating the upper as well as the
lower part of a room. Pipes in like manner to M¹ & NT may be fixed to Fig 5.
For heating & ventilating more than one room I insert two or more boxes of
metal S Fig 12 in certain positions considered suitable to produce complete
distribution of the air admitted.
This box S¹ consists of an opening M which is opened or closed by the cover S
& worked by the rack & pinion S³. Fixed to the top of the box S' is a cover S.
Fig 13 containing a number of perforations increasing in size from its centre in a
plain or ornamental manner that the air in passing into the box S¹ may be equally
distributed to the apartment. These boxes are used for either supplying or
extracting air & may be extended across the whole length or breadth of the interior
of a building. The whole apparatus I claim to be a complete system of heating
ventilating by fresh air & can be governed by valves to supply or extract

page_text: quantities of air as desired according to the size of the apparatus employed & thé
power of the external atmospheric motion. At certain periods when the apart-
ments are required to be kept supplied with fresh air of the same temperature as
the external atmosphere I open the valves V & v through which air is admitted &
extracted.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1. The complete system of apparatus for heating and ventilating by means of
pure warm or cold air direct from the external atmosphere, carrying off the
vitiated air from the apartment in which my apparatus is placed-the products of
combustion being conveyed through the apparatus in separate pipes to the external
atmosphere in combination with an exhaust cap of peculiar construction-the said
vent pipes for the products of combustion passing through the same tube as that
supplying fresh air to the external body of the apparatus.
2. The manufacture of heating chamber which is supplied with air from the
external atmosphere-which said chamber shall be completely shut off from the rest
of the apparatus, securing by the construction of the door that there shall be no
possibility of the slightest escape of the elements of combustion into the apartment
in which my apparatus is placed.
3. The manufacture of apparatus which secures that the combustion of coal or
other carbonaceous fuel when in full operation shall cause all smoke & gasses
passing through the incandescent fuel to be consumed and that the air for combus-
tion shall in some degree become heated before being admitted to the heating
chamber itself.
4. The construction of an atmospheric gas burner in which complete combustion
shall be secured,
5. The distribution and collection of air to or from any desired point by means
of tubes connected with the body of the apparatus in combination with certain air
distributors extractors and regulators.
6. The complete system for heating and ventilating arranged substantially as
herein described and illustrated.
Dated this twenty first day of January One thousand eight hundred and