Improvements in Cultivators.
Year: 1895

page_text: This Print is in accordance with the Original Specification as it stands after
Amendment (under Section 18 of the Patents, &c. Act, 1883), as allowed
by the decision of the Comptroller General of the 4th day of May 1896.
Cate of Application, 12th Sept., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 20th Nov., 1895-Accepted, 28th Dec., 1895
Improvements in Cultivators.
We, EDWARD HENRY NICHOLSON, and WILLIAM MATHER, both of Newark-
upon-Trent, in the County of Nottingham, Agricultural Engineers, do hereby
declare the nature of our said invention to be as follows:-
Our improvements relate to that class of cultivators in which the teeth are not
all fixed on one frame, but are mounted in groups upon separate frames or sections
each jointed to the main frame, so that they can be raised or lowered as required.
The first part of our invention has for its object means by which any one of the
separate sections may be adjusted to the inequalities of the land or can have more
or less pressure put upon it. To effect this we provide a lifting axle placed by
preference behind the main axle, and capable of revolving in bearings fastened to
the main frame. To this lifting axle we pivot small hand levers one to each section,
and connect them to their respective sections by means of a connecting rod, jointed
at one end to its lever and passing through a slotted hole in the section frame and
secured thereto with a cotter pin and an adjustable distance piece.
A helical spring is placed on each connecting rod, bearing with one end on a
collar on the rod and with the other end upon the slotted hole in the section frame,
so forming a flexible connection; so that when a small hand lever is raised its
section frame is lifted, and when depressed any required degree of pressure is put
upon its section frame by means of the helical spring. Two quadrants are fixed
to the lifting axle, one on either side of each of the small hand levers, and are
provided with a series of holes to receive a cotter pin to hold the small hand levers
at any required angle for either lifting or putting more pressure upon the respective
section frames according to the requirements of any one of them. The lifting
axle is further provided with a main hand lever fixed to it, and placed conveniently
to the drivers seat; it is furnished with a spring catch working into a quadrant
fixed to the main frame, so that, after the various section frames have been adjusted
to their work by the small hand levers, the whole of them may be lifted together
or more pressure put upon them simultaneously by means of the main hand lever.
The second part of our invention is for a means whereby the draught pole of the
cultivator can be adjusted to suit the various heights required by different sized
horses.
To effect this we pivot the end of the pole to the main axle and attach the
front bar of the cultivator main frame to the pole with an adjustable distance
piece, so that the angle the pole makes with the main frame may be varied according
to requirements.

page_text: The third part of our invention is for improvements whereby the height of the
travelling wheels may be adjusted with regard to the main frame as required by the
kind of land being worked. To effect this we mount the travelling wheels upon
cranked axles pivoted to the main frame, and secured thereto by means of a
quadrant and clamping screw, or by an eccentric, or by other suitable means, so
that the centres of the axles of the travelling wheels may be raised or lowered with
regard to the main frame as circumstances require.
The fourth part of our invention is for improvements in the lifting gear for
cultivators, and consists in pivoting the frame for the drivers seat to a short arm
fixed to the lifting axle so that the weight of the driver tends to balance that of
the section frames and teeth. Attached also to the lifting axle is a lever with its
outer end attached by a pair of rule jointed links to a hand lever pivoted to an
extension of the front bar of the main frame, and fitted with a locking spring.
This arrangement rigidly locks the lifting axle when the section frames and teeth
are lowered, and also allows them to be easily raised.
The fifth part of our invention is for extending the width of the two outer frame
sections and consists in attaching to them, at the back, clips or brackets extending
outwards level with or beyond the wheel tracks. Each of these clips or brackets
carry a spring or other tooth so that the land may be cultivated beyond the wheel
tracks and the width of the headland or uncultivated ground reduced to a
minimum.
Dated 12th September 1895.
GEO.
DOWNING,
8 Quality Court, London, W.C., Agent.
We, EDWARD
Improvements in Cultivators.
HENRY NICHOLSON and WILLIAM MATHER, both of
Newark-upon-Trent, in the County of Nottingham, Agricultural Engineers, do
hereby declare the nature of our said invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
Our improvements relate to that class of cultivators in which the teeth are not
all fixed in one frame, but are mounted in groups upon separate frames or
sections, each jointed to the main frame, so that they can be raised or lowered as
required.
According to our invention we provide means by which any one of the separate
sections may be adjusted to the inequalities of the land, or can have more or
less pressure put upon it, as shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 of Sheet 1 of the
accompanying 3 sheets of drawings. To effect this we provide a lifting axle A
placed by preference behind the main axle B and capable of revolving in bearings
fastened to the main frame C. To or on the lifting axle A we pivot small hand
levers Done to each section and connect them to their respective sections E by
means of a connecting rod G, jointed at one end to its lever D, and passing
through a slotted hole in the section frame E is secured thereto with a cotter più
and an adjustable distance piece H. A helical spring is placed on each con-
necting rod, bearing with one end on a collar on the rod G, and with the other
end upon the slotted hole in the section frame E forming a flexible connection;
so that when a small hand lever D is raised its section frame E is lifted as shown
in the dotted lines in Fig. 1, and when depressed any required degree of pressure is
put upon its section frame by means of the spring. In place of the helical spring I
a curved plate spring may be employed as shown in the dotted lines in Fig. 2.
Two quadrants K are fixed to the lifting axle A one on either side of the small

page_text: hand levers D and are provided with a series of holes to receive a cotter pink to
hold the hand levers D'at any required angle, for either lifting or putting more
pressure upon their respective section frames E according to the requirements of
any one of them. In Figs. 2 and 3 the hand levers D are shown pivoted on the
lifting axle A but they may equally well be pivoted between the two quadrants K
as shown at d in Fig. 1.
The lifting axle A is further provided with a main hand lever L fixed to it and
placed conveniently to the drivers seat P and is furnished with a spring catch
working into a quadrant fixed to the main frame C in the usual manner, so that,
after the various section frames E have been adjusted to their work by their
respective and levers D the whole of them may be lifted together or more pressure
put upon them simultaneously by means of the hand lever L.
Our invention also consists in providing a means whereby the draught pole M
of the cultivator can be adjusted to suit the various heights acquired by different
sized horses, as shown in Fig. 1, Sheet 1. To effect this we pivot the end of
the pole M to the main axle B at band attach the front bar of the cultivator main
frame to the pole M with a bolt c and an adjustable slotted distance piece m, so
that the angle the pole M makes with the main frame C may be varied according
to requirements as shown in the dotted lines.
We also provide and combine certain improvements whereby the heights of the
travelling wheels may be adjusted with regard to the main frame as required by
the nature of the land being worked and as shown in Fig. 1, Sheet 1.
To effect this we mount the travelling wheels upon bell cranked axles N pivoted
on the axle B to the main frame C and secured thereto by means of a quadrant O
and a clamping screw o, or by an eccentric or other suitable means, so that the
centres of the travelling wheels may be raised or lowered with regard to the main
frame as circunstances require and as shown in the dotted lines.
Our invention also consists in improvements in the lifting gear of cultivators
as shown particularly in Figs. 4 and 5 of Sheet 2. Firstly we pivot the frame
for the drivers seat P to a short arm a fixed to the lifting axle A so that the
weight of the driver tends to balance that of the section frames E and their teeth;
and secondly we attach to the lifting axle A a lever R having its outer end
connected by a pair of rule jointed links S to a hand lever T pivoted on an
extension of the front bar of the main frame, and fitted with a locking
spring t.
This arrangement rigidly locks the lifting axle A when the section fraines E aud
teeth are lowered as shown in the dotted lines, and also allows them to be easily
raised as shown in the full lines.
The rule jointed links S can be made with slots s at their upper ends to receive
the pin of the lever R and allow it to traverse in them. In this case when the
cultivator is at work and the teeth in the ground the pin of the lever R is not
rigidly held by the rule jointed links but has a certain amount of play in the slots
and so allows the whole of the sections E to rise. To limit this action we add a
regulator to the rule jointed links shown in detail in Fig. 5. This consists of index
plates attached on either side to the rule jointed links S and furnished with
corresponding slots.
A regulator 2 is clamped by means of a central bolt to the index plate and limits
the motion of the pin of the lever R.
When the regulator 2 is at the outer end of the slots the pin of the lifting
Jever R cannot slide and the teeth of the sections E are held in their deepest position
in the ground. As the regulator is moved towards the other end of the slots more
play is allowed to the pin of the lifting lever R and the teeth can lift higher and
enter the ground less deeply.
Our invention also consists in providing means for extending the width of the
two outer frames sections as shown in Figs. 6 and 7 Sheet 3, by attaching to the
outer frame sections E clips or brackets W extending backwards and onwards level
with or beyond the wheel tracks. Each of these clips or brackets carry one or

page_text: more spring or other teeth ✗ so that the land may be cultivated beyond the
wheel tracks and the width of the headland or uncultivated ground reduced to a
minimum.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. The method of adjusting the heights of the various individual section
frames of cultivators and the pressure put on each by means of the hand levers D
their adjusting quadrants K the connecting rod G and spring I substantially as
shown and described.
2. Pivoting the inner end of the draught pole M of cultivators to the main axle
or other convenient part of the frame and further attaching it to the frame with an
adjustable slide m and bolt c so that the angle of the pole can be altered substantially
as shown and described.
3. Attaching the drivers seat of cultivators to arins a fixed to the lifting axle A
so as to tend to balance the weight of the section frames and teeth, substantially as
shown and described.
4. In a cultivator in which locking links S are used to raise and lower the
section frames forming slots s in the locking links S so that the lifting lever R can
slide in the same and allow the section frames and teeth to rise, in combination
with the index plate 1 and regulator 2 for the purpose of controlling such motion,
substantially as shown and described.
5. Attaching to the outer frame sections of cultivators clips or brackets W
extending outwards to carry one or more teeth ✗ so as to cultivate in or beyond
the wheel tracks, substantially as shown and described.
Dated 23rd November 1895.
GEO.
DOWNING,
8 Quality Court, London, W.C., Agent.