matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF PRESERVING TIMBER FROM DECAY
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Prince at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th January
1866. A communication from abroad by George Palmer Ball, residing
at New York, United States of America.
I, ALEXANDER PRINCE, of the Office for Patents, No. 4, Trafalgar Square,
Charing Cross, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF PRESERVING TIMBER
FROM DECAY," & communication to me from abroad by George Palmer Ball,
resident at New York, United States of America, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the means of preserving
timber from decomposition or decay, and consists, firstly, in the immersion of
the timber in crude petroleum until complete saturation is effected.
In order to accomplish this I propose to place the timber in a suitable
vessel or receptacle and to exhaust the air therefrom by the ordinary means
of preserving wood by saturation, after which the crude petroleum is conveyed
into the vessel and thereby caused to penetrate into every pore or interstice
of the woody fibre, the effect being to thoroughly preserve the wood from
decay.
I also propose to mix any cheap mineral paint or pigment with crude petro-
leum to be used as a coating for the bottom of ships before the application of
the sheathing, and also to all timber for buildings or other purposes, the
composition not only renders the timber indestructible, but repels the attacks
of insects.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC PISTONS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Oldham at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
September 1866.
I, ALEXANDER OLDHAM, of Newton Moor, in the County of Chester,
5 Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC PISTONS," to be as follows:-
My Invention is designed for the purpose of maintaining a steam-tight
joint between the packing rings of pistons and the interior surface of the
cylinders within which they move.
The improvements consist in the peculiar external formation of the inner
expanding ring and of the corresponding internal formation of the outer
or packing ring. I employ the ordinary and well-known spiral expanding
ring, and instead of making its periphery in a vertical plane I bevil the
periphery from the centre of depth inwards towards the top and bottom, and
afterwards remove or turn out a right angular recess round the top and
bottom of the ring. The inner surface of the packing ring (which is a
double ring cut across diagonally) is formed exactly in the reverse of this
configuration, so as to correspond when fitted into each other with the
periphery of the expanding spiral ring, the requisite compression of the whole

page_text: being effected by the piston cover, which is either screwed down by screws, or
may be screwed round the piston rod, on which a thread is formed for the
purpose. By this arrangement I am enabled to dispense with the "stop
pieces usually employed with the segmental packing rings, and the piston may
be made of greater depth than has hitherto been practicable.
AN IMPROVED SPRING SUSPENSION FOR HORSES' NOSEBAGS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by François Dégravel at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th July
1866.
I, FRANÇOIS DÉGRAVEL, of 2, Rue Sainte Appoline, Paris, Empire of
France, Mechanist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED SPRING SUSPENSION FOR HORSES' NOSEBAGS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the employment of two helical springs, one on
each side of the nosebag, each spring being surrounded by or contained in two
tubes free to slide within certain limits one within the other; a strap con-
nected to the springs is passed over the head of the animal for supporting the
bag. The bag may be of the ordinary construction. Sometimes, however,
I form in it an aperture which I cover with canvas or perforated metal to
sift, when desired, the corn or other food, and also to enable the animal to
breathe freely. The tubes containing the springs are by preference placed
inside the bag, one on each side thereof. The ends of the springs carry a ring,
the top and bottom ring being united by a strap or cord, so that the springs
cannot leave the tubes. The size and strength of the springs must be
regulated according to the size and weight of the bag and the quantity of
food it is required to contain. The bag being hung from the head of the
animal by the strap before mentioned, and the height being regulated so that

page_text: the food therein is at a level or nearly so with the animal's mouth, as the
food is consumed the weight of the bag decreases, the springs contract, and
the food is consequently always maintained at the same distance from the
animal's mouth until all in the bag is eaten.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS. FOR THE DELIVERY OF FOG SIGNALS UPON RAILWAYS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Barker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd December
1866.
I, THOMAS BARKER, of Redditch, in the County of Worcester, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS.
FOR THE DELIVERY OF FOG SIGNALS UPON RAILWAYS," to be as follows, that is
to say :-
This Invention consists in constructing an apparatus which may be fixed
or attached to the guard's van, as shewn in the annexed Drawing. (a) is an
outside casing, trough, or spout, inside which are fixed the metal plates (5)
and (c), between which plates a small space is left forming a channel or guide-
way through the whole length of the spout for conveying a fog signal to the
rails. A fog signal being inserted at the top end of this guideway it is
forced downwards by means of a hand rod or bar (d), the Drawing shewing
one fog signal in position upon the rails as at (e), and another in the position
which it assumes when being forced down the guideway as at (e¹). The plate (b)
is secured firmly to the outside trough or spout (a), and the plate (c) is left
free to rise and fall, the space or guideway being capable of expansion or
contraction to suit various sizes of fog signals by means of the side pins being
furnished either with vulcanized india-rubber washers or helical springs secured
in position on the pins by nuts.
The Drawing exhibits one spout only, but two or more may be used as
requisite, the objects attained by the present Invention is a great saving of
time and lessening of the danger at present incurred by the train having to

page_text: slacken its speed, and the guard having to descend from his van whilst the
train is in motion to place the fog signals upon the line, for by this mode they
may be delivered on to the rails whilst the train is travelling at any speed
and without any slackening whatever; again by the employment of two
spouts one at either end of the van, the guard is enabled not only to deliver
fog signals at the back of the train in order of give notice of independing
danger to other trains which follow, but also to deliver a fog signal upon
the line in close proximity to the moving wheels which instantly pass over it,
and it becomes the means of stopping the train by the alarm which the
explosion is intended to denote.
AN IMPROVED IMPLEMENT FOR BEATING AND CUTTING MEAT AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Levi Lemon Sovereign at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
July 1866.
I, LEVI LEMON SOVEREIGN, of No. 16, New Park Street, Southwark, in the
County of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED IMPLEMENT FOR BEATING AND CUTTING MEAT AND OTHER
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
The said Invention consists chiefly in the construction of an implement in
which a hammer or beater is combined with a blade or cutter, the former
being for the purpose of beating or bruising steaks, chops, and other portions
of meat to make them tender, while the latter is employed for cutting or
chopping meat, suet, and other substances. The said Invention, further con-
sists in making the said blade or cutter easily removable, so that blades of
different forms and sizes (or if required a second hammer instead of a blade)
may be employed.
The beater is made of malleable cast iron, gun metal, German silver,
or other equally tough metal, and is formed with teeth or projections on
its face. The said teeth or projections may be made of any shape, but are
preferably of a square or oblong form slightly rounded at their extremities.
The shank of the beater is provided with a hole for the insertion of a handle,
which is secured in the said hole in any ordinary and convenient manner.

page_text: The shank is extended beyond the said handle, and is formed with a lug or
projection for supporting the cutting or chopping blade, which may be of any con-
venient size and form, according to the substances intended to be cut or chopped
thereby. The said blade is formed of steel, and is secured to the shank of the
beater by screws or rivets in such a manner as to be easily removable from the
said shank when required; this allows blades of different size and form to be
used with the same hammer or beater, or allows a hammer to be used instead
of a blade. When two hammers are thus combined the teeth of each are
differently formed and act in a different manner upon the fibres of the meat,
thereby more quickly producing the required effect thereon.
The said implement will be found of great utility for various culinary
purposes. By means of the beater or hammer any quality of steaks, chops,
or other portions of meat may be made perfectly tender, while by the use of
the blades, which may be varied according to the substance to be operated
upon, meat, suet, ice, sugar, or any other description of food may be cut or
chopped as quickly and finely as desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHEEP AND CATTLE RACKS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Symm at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th December
1866.
I, JOSEPH SYMM, of Newton Stocksfield on Tyne, in the County of
Northumberland, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHEEP AND CATTLE RACKS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing or forming a divider between two
troughs which respectively extend the length of the two sides of a sheep rack,
or between two rows of troughs in a sheep rack, and in constructing above
this divider a chamber which extends lengthwise of the rack, and the central
vertical line of which is immediately above the centre or point of the divider.
The divider is preferably composed of the back part of the troughs at the
two sides of the rack, which backs are inclined so as to meet each other at
the top and form the divider. The chamber is filled with corn through lids
in the cover of the rack, and a portion of this corn falls into the troughs
through the space between the lower edge of the chamber and the divider, the
divider separating the corn as it falls, so that an equal quantity is supplied to
each trough; as the sheep eat the corn in the troughs more corn falls from
the chamber, but the divider prevents the corn falling sufficiently to overflow
the troughs. The chamber may be divided vertically if desired.
My Invention further consists in carrying up from the lower part of the
corn chamber on each side to or near to the outer edge of the cover of the
rack, wire racks, which constitute with the sides of the corn chamber com-

page_text: partments for holding hay or other like food. These compartments are also
supplied through lids in the cover. Any hay which falls through the wire
racks will be received in one or other of the troughs. The sheep racks
before described may be mounted on wheels for convenience of moving. By
mounting the racks upon wheels of larger diameter they will answer for
cattle. But to adapt the same racks for either sheep or cattle as required I
mount them excentrically upon wheels, so that when the axles are in their
lowest position the racks are at a suitable height for sheep, and when in their
highest position at a suitable height for cattle. Or any other convenient
arrangement may be adopted for adjusting the height of the racks upon their
wheels.
AN IMPROVED SIGNAL BELL FOR REGISTERING ON A DIAL PLATE ALL SIGNALS GIVEN BY HAMMER BLOWS OR KNOCKS FROM THE PIT BOTTOM TO THE ENGINE MAN OR WINDER AT THE PIT TOP OR FROM ANY OTHER PLACE TO ANOTHER WHERE SIGNALS ARE OR MAY BE ADAPTED FOR TRANSMISSION BY BLOWS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Punshon at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the 31st May
1866.
I, JOHN PUNSHON, of Wigan Colliery, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SIGNAL
BELL FOR REGISTERING ON A DIAL PLATE ALL SIGNALS GIVEN BY HAMMER BLOWS
OR KNOCKS FROM THE PIT BOTTOM TO THE ENGINE MAN OR WINDER AT THE PIT
TOP OR FROM ANY OTHER PLACE TO ANOTHER WHERE SIGNALS ARE OR MAY BE
ADAPTED FOR TRANSMISSION BY BLOWS," to be as follows:-
At present the general system is to indicate by one, two, three, or more blows
of a hammer or knocker fixed at the pit top, and worked by a wire cord in
communication with the bottom, such signal as it is desired to give, and the
engine man and those at the pit top pay attention to these signals by their
memory alone. By the adoption of this new signal bell not only are the
proper numbers of blows for each signal given by striking on a bell, but
that number of blows, and consequently that particular signal, is registered
at the same time on the dial plate, so that there can be no uncertainty or
doubt as to what the particular signal was. It frequently happens that as at
present the signal by blows and memory alone is misunderstood or becomes
the subject of doubt or dispute between the engine man and those in charge

page_text: of the pit top, but with this apparatus the signal is registered by the pointer
on the dial plate at the same time that the blows are given, and so prevents
all uncertainty. The apparatus itself it will be seen is of very simple substantial
construction and not liable to go out of order, should any part want renewing
in the course of time from wear and tear it can be done by any ordinary
blacksmith at the works where it shall be in use. Not only is it applicable
for collieries, mines, inclines whether over or under ground, but also for any
applications of conveying signals by blows or knocks in extensive works,
galleries, or tunnels where such mode of communication can be used. When
it is considered what loss and damage whether to life or property or both
may ensue, as bas frequently happened within the knowledge of the Inventor
himself, from the misunderstanding of a signal from trusting to memory alone
the utility of the present apparatus will be apparent, and the Inventor has
been led to it from the experience of many years in colliery work.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING BOOKS, ENGRAVINGS, PAPER, COTTON, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES AND SUBSTANCES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
March 1866. A communication from abroad by Justin Henry David,
of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING BOOKS, ENGRAVINGS, PAPER, COTTON, AND OTHER
SIMILAR ARTICLES AND SUBSTANCES," a communication to me from abroad by
Justin Henry David, of Paris, in the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
This Invention has reference to a new process of bleaching applicable to
books, engravings, prints, or documents which have become discolored, and
to paper, rags, cotton, and other fibrous substances, and consists essentially as
applied to books, for example, in placing the books to be bleached in their
entire state, and without the necessity even for opening the leaves, in a closed
chamber by preference of glass, into which chamber chlorine gas obtained in
the well-known manner is introduced. The books are left to the action of
this gas for a period of about 8 hours which has the effect of restoring their
white appearance. They are then to be removed from the said chamber and
placed in another similar chamber where they are left for about 24 hours
under the action of ozone. The requisite ozone may be obtained by placing
in a leaden dish a small quantity of water in which pieces of phosphorous
(previously treated by immersing them in boiling water for 12 hours) are
introduced. This mode of treating the phosphorus insures their non-ignition

page_text: at considerably higher temperatures than would be necessary to ignite the
same substance in its ordinary condition. The ozone is then produced by
causing a current of air at a temperature of about 59° Fabrenheit to pass
over the water in which are half immersed the pieces of prepared phosphorous.
The air thus charged with ozone is directed into the chamber containing the
books to be bleached which have already been subjected to the action of
chlorine gas.
Other means may be adopted for preparing the ozone, as, for example, by
the aid of a solution of 2 parts by weight of peroxide of manganese, 2 parts
by weight of chlorate of potash, 4 parts by weight of water. Through this
solution a current of carbonic acid is passed until the liquid crystallizes and
assumes a deep red tint; these crystals are then brought in contact with six
parts by weight of sulphuric acid, whereupon they disengage ozone in large
quantities. A good result may also be obtained by the use after the bath of
chlorine gas of a bath of sulphuretted bydrogen, and finally of a bath of
ozone. In some cases where a very white color is not required, the result
may be obtained by the direct application of ozone alone in a closed chamber.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY USED IN PROPELLING VESSELS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Humphrys at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
November 1866.
I, EDWARD HUMPHRYS; of Deptford, in the County of Kent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
USED IN PROPELLING VESSELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery used in
propelling vessels, and the improvements are applicable to vessels propelled
by water received into and forced from centrifugal or other suitable pumps
actuated by condensing steam engines on board such vessels.
The Invention consists in so arranging the surface condensers of such
steam engines that the water (or such part thereof as may be desired) which
is received into and propelled from the pumping machinery may in its passage
into or from such pumping machinery pass through the surface condensers of
the steam engine, and thus economize the power requisite for causing water
to flow through the surface condensers of the steam engines employed.
And in order to ensure draught to the furnaces of the boilers of such steam
engines I apply, when required, a blowing fan on the same shaft as that on
which the centrifugal pump is fixed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING AND APPLYING ARTIFICIAL HEAT FOR PRODUCING LIGHT AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Marland, William Horatio
Smith, and William Wells at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 13th February 1866.
We, SAMUEL MARLAND, of Clayton, near the City of Manchester, Oil
Refiner, WILLIAM HORATIO SMITH, of the same Place, Manager, and WIL-
LIAM WELLS, of the City of Manchester, Gentleman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING AND
APPLYING ARTIFICIAL HEAT FOR PRODUCING LIGHT AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES, AND
IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
Our Invention is particularly applicable in obtaining artificial light by
causing atmospheric air to combine with the inflammable vapour given off
by distilled petroleum or other suitable volatile liquids, as in such process-
it is essential to apply a moderate degree of heat to the vessel containing
the volatile liquid; now our Invention consists in generating the requisite
heat for evaporating volatile liquids and for other purposes by chemical-
agents instead of by steam, or by the heated products of combustion. We-
have found by experiment that sulphuric acid and water combined in
different proportions, according to the temperature to be attained, give a
good result, but other acids and chemical agents may be found to answer
the purpose. The apparatus when applied for illuminating purposes, and
when sulphuric acid is the chemical agent employed, consists of two conical
or other vessels, one containing the sulphuric acid and the other water, both

page_text: these vessels are in communication with a third vessel by india-rubber or
other flexible pipes, each provided with a screw or other equivalent, for
compressing the pipe and so contracting the orifice so as to be able to vary
the relative proportion of sulphuric acid and water that is allowed to drop
into the third vessel, which is in communication by a pipe with a fourth
vessel containing the vessel, with the volatile liquid to be heated. The
mode of combining the atmospheric air with volatilised liquid is described
in the Provisional Specification of Letters Patent applied for by the above-
named Samuel Marland and William Wells, on the 22nd day of November
1865, No. 2998, or in any other suitable manner. The mode of obtaining
artificial heat by chemical agents is applicable in many chemical and
analytical purposes in which danger arises from the presence of fire,
also for other purposes where a moderate regulated heat is required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING AND DRAWING ROLLERS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th February
1866. A communication from abroad by Henry Hall, of Lam-
bertville, in the State of New Jersey, and Thomas Finlay and Isaac
Schlichter, both of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, all in the
United States of America.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING AND DRAWING ROLLERS," a communication
to me from abroad by Henry Hall, of Lambertville, in the State of New
Jersey, and Thomas Finlay and Isaac Schlichter, both of Philadelphia, in the
State of Pennsylvania, all in the United States of America, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment of annularly arranged segments
of wood in the manufacture of spinning and drawing rollers confined between
metal discs or plates, and having the grain of the wood in a radial or nearly
radial direction from the centre of the spindle upon which such rollers are
mounted, whereby the wear will always be against the end of the grain, and
the rollers will last much longer, although composed even of lighter and
cheaper wood than the ordinary rollers. After the segments are secured in
their places they are turned up smooth on the periphery in a lathe.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORDNANCE AND CARRIAGES, AND IN ELEVATING APPARATUS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Octavius Staunton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th January 1866.
I, CHARLES OCTAVIUS STAUNTON, of 3, Paulton Square, Chelsea, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORDNANCE AND CARRIAGES, AND IN ELEVATING
APPARATUS FOR THE SAME," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, in the first place, in constructing ordnance with a
central lug on the under side thereof, such central lug having an aperture in it
through which is passed a pin or axle inserted in the sides of the carriage, and
serving as a pivot for the gun to turn upon in order to adjust it to its required
elevation; this central lug is substituted for the ordinary trunnions, and is
inserted in the central opening of the carriage which is not required to be of
the same width or length as usual, and thereby admits of a diminution of
width in the carriage, with an increase of solidity and strength proportioned
to its size. A portion of the carriage is or may be hollowed out in order to
correspond with the curvature of the lower side of the gun behind its pivot,
so as to admit of the breech end of the gun being depressed to its lowest
required point. The pin or axle which serves as a pivot for the gun is inserted
in the solid sides of the carriage and secured therein as required, which
arrangement affords a facility for the removal of the gun from the carriage by
withdrawing the said pin or axle.

page_text: And my Invention consists, in the second place, in substituting for the
ordinary screw and other apparatus for elevating the gun a pair of excentric
dises mounted on a cross shaft at the rear end of the carriage, on which discs
the breech end of the gun rests, and is raised as required by turning the shaft
so as to increase the distance of the supporting parts of the discs from the
centre of the shaft. The breech end of the gun is lowered by the pressure
of the same on the periphery of the discs, causing the shaft to turn. On the
shaft is fixed between the discs a drum or roller with a set of ratchet teeth
on each side for the purpose of holding the gun at any required elevation by
means of a double pall fitted on a lever, on which is also fitted a break block
in such a manner as to cause the break to act on the drum or roller when the
pall is lifted out of the ratchets by the movement of the lever. This lever is
mounted on a fulcrum fixed in the rear end of the carriage, and is of a suitable
length to be conveniently worked by the foot of the attendant.
The disc shaft may be turned as required by means of a lever, or by other
suitable means, and the mode of working the lever for lifting the retaining
pall and applying the break for the purpose above stated may be varied.
AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR CONSUMPTION OF SMOKE AND SAVING OF FUEL WITHOUT THE LEAST LOSS OF STEAM POWER
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Dawson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
November 1866.
I, EDWARD DAWSON, of 12, Mount Pleasant, Darlington, in the County of
Durham, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
METHOD FOR CONSUMPTION OF SMOKE AND SAVING OF FUEL WITHOUT THE LEAST LOSS
OF STEAM POWER," to be as follows:-
By the construction of a furnace door, as per Drawing, the Inventor claims
that by natural laws and artificial means smoke can totally be prevented in
connection with the ordinary furnace, also a saving of fuel be obtained without
the least loss of steam. The furnace door to be made with openings in the
centre of about 4 inches by one inch, and six in number, and a round hole at
the top about one inch in diameter; but I do not confine myself either to the
number of openings or the size of the hole for the use of a steam pipe, which
may be applied with good effect when the furnace fire and temperature are
low, and steam required to be got up quickly. Behind the door the Inventor
places a metal box as large as the furnace will allow for opening of the door,
the box to be not less in any case than 6 inches, into the furnace, and in such
box to be placed a partition or metal plate slanted at the top towards the door
at about 60 degrees; such plates to be perforated at the top and bottom, but
not in the centre, so that air entering the furnace door must travel to one end
of the box, and by that means become the same temperature as the inside of
the furnace, or hotter, before it passes into the furnace through the plate, which

page_text: is perforated in the centre only, so that the red-hot air may pass directly on to
the top of the fuel, reacting the gases thrown off from the coals, and thus
cause ignition instantaneously, and consumption of smoke must be the result,
the box to have at the bottom two holes 1" in diameter, and at the top to
cause a current of air, and also to gain additional heat into the box from the
metal plate next to the fire-bars against which the box is placed about 1"
from; but suppose the temperature of the furnace has been allowed to get
very low the Inventor proposes to use for a minute or two a steam pipe per-
forated at the end, such pipe being attached to any boiler to answer the place
of a fan, and save the expense of pipes to heat such air, which must be done
to prevent smokė; the steam pipe to have a joint, so that the pipe may be
turned up out of the way of the door, and also be kept clear of the great heat
from the furnace; in fact, for work reguarlly working the pipe can be dispensed
with altogether.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CABLE STOPPERS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Baker and John Imray at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
17th December 1866.
We, Lieutenant-Colonel JAMES BAKER, of the Army and Navy Club, Pall
Mall, in the County of Middlesex, and JOHN IMRAY, of 190, Westminster
Bridge Road, in the County of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CABLE STOPPERS," to be as
follows:-
Our improvements apply to apparatus employed on board ships and
elsewhere for holding chain or other cables, or permitting them to run out at
will. The object of our Invention is at the same time to hold the cable fast
and also to ease it in case of sudden strains or jerks. We effect this in the
following manner:-We pass the cable through a strong block, trumpet
mouthed at each end, and containing eccentric, cam, or volute shaped bodies
on either side of the cable mounted on axes, upon which they are caused
to turn by hand so as to pinch the links of the cable when they are turned
into one position, or to let the links pass freely when they are turned into
another position. The whole block containing this stopping apparatus is free
to slide forwards longitudinally, and is pressed backwards by springs so that

page_text: the cable being nipped when a sudden strain comes on it, the springs yield
somewhat to the strain and thereby partially relieve it.
In applying springs on the above system for the purpose of relieving the
strains on cables we do not confine ourselves to the particular kind of stopping
apparatus described above, as we can in many cases apply them to stoppers of
other kinds.
A NEW AND IMPROVED LOCK OR FASTENER FOR SECURING THE LIDS OF MILK CANS, BOXES, TRUNKS, OR OTHER SIMILAR RECEPTACLES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Lancaster at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th June
1866.
I, ROBERT LANCASTER, of Nelson, in the County of Lancaster, Ironmonger
and Tin Plate Worker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW AND IMPROVED LOCK OR FASTENER FOR SECURING THE LIDS OF MILK
CANS, BOXES, TRUNKS, OR OTHER SIMILAR RECEPTACLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention is designed for the purpose of locking or securing the lids or
covers of milk cans, boxes, trunks, or other similar receptacles, and consists
in the novel employment and use of a latch or catch lever contained in a
small box, one being secured on each side of the can or other receptacle in
such a position that a spring contained in the said box actuating the latch
will allow them to overlap or catch the ledge of the lid or cover of the can to
which they are attached. When the lid is forced down and so as to be
caught and held by the latches they may be retained in that position so as to
form a lock or fastening, and this may be effected by a sliding bolt actuated
by a key, the said bolt when "forced" forming a stay to the lever, which will
prevent it being forced back until the bolt is withdrawn, or the same may
be effected by a screw abutment or other equivalent as desired.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN HEATING BATHS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lewis Wilson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th October
1866.
I, LEWIS WILSON, of Norfolk Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN HEATING BATHS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE SAME," to be as
follows:-
In heating baths according to my Invention I subject the water or other
fluid of the bath to a double heating action, that is to say, to contact with the
external surface of the vessel or chamber containing the heating medium, and
also to the internal surface of a pipe or pipes or channels passing through the
interior of the heating medium, in which a circulation of water or fluid takes
place. The heating medium or body may consist of a fire of charcoal, coke,
or other combustible body, or it. may be the flame of gas, or produced by the
combustion of oil, spirit, or other inflamable material.
The apparatus I employ consists of, by preference, a cylindrical chamber or
chamber of other suitable form having a double casing, the inner one containing
or confining the fire or flame, while the annular space. between the two is open
to the water of the bath, and with this view I place it in close proximity to the
side or end of the bath and leave an opening or openings of communication
thereto; part, of the outer casing of the fire chamber may be omitted at this

page_text: point throughout the whole length of the fire chamber. This arrangement
provides for the circulation of the water in contact with the outer surface
of the fire chamber. For the internal contact and heating I conduct. a
pipe or pipes or channels from the bottom of the bath at a point distant from
the fire chamber and conduct it through the interior of the fire chamber either
in a direct line, or zig-zag, or in a coiled form. This pipe emerges at the top
and communicates with the bath at a point near the surface of the water of
the bath, which produces a circulation (and heating) of the water therein.
The fire chamber is provided with a suitable grating and ash-pit at bottom for
charcoal or solid fuel, or it may be gas, jet pipes for gas, or apparatus for
burning oil or spirit; it is also provided with a chimney at top, which may be
conducted into the flue of the bath room to create a draught, or otherwise
to carry off the noxious gases from the room.
By the duplicate heating action of this apparatus the water of a bath becomes.
rapidly and economically heated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PYROTECHNICS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Dare at the Office of
the Commissioners of. Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd January
1866..
I, JOSEPH DARE, ju:,. B.A.,, of No. 8,. Burton Street, Burton Crescent,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PYROTECHNICS," to be as follows:―
This Invention consists in producing imitations of volcanic eruptions and
explosions of fortifications.. I construct a box or receptacle having one or more
small openings or outlets, and in this box or receptacle I place a quantity
of prepared. pyrotechnic paper divided into. small pieces. When the box is
sufficiently charged I insert into the opening or openings a spill composed of
will-o'-the-wisp paper or other prepared pyrotechnic paper or other suitable
material to communicate fire to the contents of the box.
AN IMPROVED GREASING APPARATUS TO DIMINISH FRICTION
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th.
November 1866.-A communication from Paul Beljambe, residing at
Place Napoléon, Lyons, in the Empire of France, Merchant.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices,
38, Porchester Terrace, Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED GREASING
APPARATUS TO DIMINISH FRICTION," & communication from Paul Beljambe, a
person resident at Place Napoléon, Lyons, in the Empire of France, Merchant,
to be as follows:-
This improved greasing apparatus consists in a glass recipient having the
shape of a bottle which holds the oil; this recipient is placed the bottom
upwards on the axle or the plane superficies to be greased; in the neck is
put a grooved ferrule, in which screws the cork of the recipient. The cork
has a tube through it, in which freely plays a rod whose lower end rests on the
axle or plane superficies to be greased; by reason of the shaking of the lower
end of the rod during the working the oil descends between the rod and the
inside surface of the tube; when the working stops the shaking being no

page_text: longer felt the oil ceases to flow, the capillary space existing between the rod
and the tube not being large enough. The lower end of the tube jutting out
of the neck is surrounded with a wooden ferrule, which is introduced in an
oil cup placed above the bearing of the axle or of the plane superficies to be
lubrified.
AN IMPROVED REIN CLIP OR HOLDER
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Toms at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th July
1866.
I, WILLIAM TOMS, of Devonshire Street, Queen's Square, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED REIN CLIP OR HOLDER," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved construction of clip or holder suitable
for being applied to the dash board or other convenient part of a carriage or
other vehicle, or to a saddle, for the purpose of holding the reins or bridle
when desired by the driver or rider. For this purpose the holding parts of a
clip or holder constructed according to my Invention are formed with concave
and convex surfaces pressed firmly together by means of a metal or other
spring, and I prefer that the free end of the spring should be of concave form
to press upon a fixed convex surface secured by screws or otherwise to the
dash board of a carriage or other vehicle. The holding parts are covered or
lined with india-rubber, leather, or other suitable material to prevent the slipping
of the reins when placed between the holding surfaces. A small lever may be
combined with the spring clip, if desired, to facilitate the opening of the parts
to insert or release the reins.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE FOLDING OR RIGGING AND THE PAPERING OF WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Sampson, Charles
Sampson, Henry Sampson, and Amos Lockwood at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 10th January
1866.
We, JOSEPH SAMPSON, CHARLES SAMPSON, HENRY SAMPSON, and AMOS
LOCKWOOD, all of Bradford, in the County of York, Stuff Finishers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE FOLDING OR RIGGING AND THE PAPERING OF WOVEN
FABRICS," to be as follows:-
Fabrics of broad width previous to the papering and cross folding,
commonly called plaiting or cuttling, for the pressing operation are folded or
rigged selvage to selvage, and one part of the improvements relates to
apparatus for more efficiently effecting that object. The fabric is conducted
between and against fixed bars to give tensiou to the fabric, and also over
and under a pair or pairs of bars supported so as to be adjustable in varying
the tension upon the fabric under operation, and thence over the upper edge
of a plate placed so that this edge acts upon the cloth with a tendency to
fold it in the direction of the length thereof, and midway between its two
selvages. The edge of this plate first receiving the fabric is of a curved
form to facilitate the passage of the fabric on to it. Separately considered,

page_text: however, this plate forms no part of the present improvements. The fabric is
acted upon at each side or selvage portion thereof by guide rollers with a
tendency to keep it uniformly pressed to the plate referred to, and the selvages
are acted upon to keep them uniform by pin rollers or temples, which are
adjustable to the width of the cloth under operation. The fabric then passes
between other guide and pressing rollers on to a beam or roller to which
motion is given by gear, or it may be at once conducted to be papered or
simply cuttled or plaited, and another part of the improvements relates to
means for more efficiently performing the papering process. The fabric to
be papered is passed over a guide, or from a beam or roller, to between a pair
of rollers attached at their ends to plates with nicks, which pass into the
forked ends of levers operated by connecting rods from adjustable cranks, by
which the extent of motion thereof for each cuttle is regulated. Guides are
provided between which the paper is passed into the folds of the fabric, and
by which those of any one piece are held in correct relation to each other.
These guides are affixed to or formed on rods operated by tappets or such
like means to raise these upper folding surfaces off the papers whilst a fresh
paper is being placed for a fresh fold. There are end pieces forming pro-
longations to receive the pair of rollers operated by the forked levers in
effecting the cuttling for the papering, and these prolongations are raised with
the increase in bulk of fabric so as to be on or near a level with the upper
surface of each last fold by rack and pinions or worm wheels, or it may be
by clicks or levers.
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND RESERVING STEAM
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Fairbank at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th June
1866.
I, WILLIAM FAIRBANK, of Thornbury, near Bradford, in the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND RESERVING STEAM," to be as
follows:-
The object of my Invention is to generate steam more economically than is
now done. It consists, in the first place, of a spherical vessel made of wrought
or cast iron or other suitable metal, and which I term a generator. A feed
pipe having on its extremity a perforated hollow ball extends from the top
of the generator to the centre of the same, and is placed in communication
with the feed pump of the engine. The usual and ordinary fittings of steam
boilers are also applied to the generator. Another vessel of cylindrical form
with egg ends made of cast or wrought iron or other suitable metal, and which
I term a steam reservoir is placed in conjunction with the generator, a suitable
valve opening from the latter into the reservoir for the admission of steam
generated. The reservoir is fitted with the usual appurtenances of steam
boilers, and both vessels are "set" in brickwork. Heat may be applied to
the under surface of the generator by means of an ordinary coal furnace, or,

page_text: if preferred, by oil lights or other combustible substances. The flues are so
constructed that after the action of the heat upon the generator the surplus
passes along the sides of the reservoir and into the chimney.
The method of using my apparatus is as follows:-Heat is applied to the
under surface of the generator until the temperature of the air within (no
water being as yet admitted) reaches, say, 350° or 400° Fahrenheit. Water
is then introduced down the feed pipe, and emerges in the form of fine spray
through the perforated globe before named on the end of the feed pipe;
coming in contact with the heated atmosphere within the generator it is at
once converted into steam, and that of a high pressure, so that I term it
superheated steam. The valve connecting the two vessels is now opened by
the pressure of steam, and the reservoir becomes filled with steam ready for
use when required, and prevented from condensation by the connection with
the generator and the heat of the flues.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STAMPS FOR PRODUCING IMPRESSIONS, WHICH ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO CYLINDER PRINTING,
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Collins and Andrew Dwight
Campbell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 11th August 1866.-A communication from abroad
by Jabez Elverson, residing at Newark, New Jersey, United States
of America.
We, JAMES COLLINS, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Stationer,
and ANDREW DWIGHT CAMPBELL, of the same Place, Machine Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
STAMPS FOR PRODUCING IMPRESSIONS, WHICH ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO CYLINDER
PRINTING," a communication to us from abroad by Jabez Elverson, residing
at Newark, New Jersey, United States of America, to be as follows:-
Our Invention is designed for stamping impressions either upon paper,
wood, fabrics, or other materials, and may be used either as a hand stamp or
with mechanism in the form of cylinders as in printing calicoes.
The improvements consist in casting or constructing the letters or designs
to be impressed of india-rubber, and mounting such designs or letters in a solid
block of metal attached to a handle or on a roller. To obtain the design in
india-rubber any ordinary type or designs may be arranged or "set up" in
the form required and held in a frame, after which a mould of fusible metal
or plaster of Paris is taken therefrom and a solution of india-rubber is poured
into such mould which, when dry, may be stripped from the mould and a

page_text: casting in india-rubber of the design will be the result, and which when
properly mounted and the surface of the letter inked by means of a roller or
pad will be found to yield clear and well defined impressions when stamped
on paper or woven fabrics. If necessary the face of the india-rubber casting
may be polished or smoothed by being placed in contact with a disc revolving
in water, but if the casting be well performed this will not be required.