Improvements in the Manufacture of Covers for Pneumatic Tyres.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Aug., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 6th Dec., 1894-Accepted, 27th Apr., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Covers for Pneumatic Tyres.
I, CHARLES FRANÇOIS-DUSART, of Genappe, Belgium, Currier, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:--
The present invention has for its object a new tyre cover made of caoutchoucised
leather for enclosing the pneumatic tyres of velocipede and other wheels, and the
process for making such cover.
Leather tanned in the usual way cannot be easily cemented to caoutchouc; there
is no adhesion, and, besides, the fatty matters contained in the leather shortly
decompose the caoutchouc.
In carrying out my invention, 1 employ leather tanned in the usual way, which
I subject to the following treatment. The tanned leather having been suitably
dried in the air, is soaked in cold water. The object is then to render it porous, to
66 open "it as it is technically called. For this purpose it is rubbed to remove
wrinkles and immersed again in clear water.
It is then stretched on a table and
the fleshy parts are removed by a scraper, the leather is carefully washed with a
hard bass or other suitable brush; then turned over and worked on the hair side by
means of a stone rubbing tool. When it is thus treated, the leather is again
washed then worked with the rubbing tool again and washed. It is then scraped
with an iron scraper; the hair side is covered with a layer of fish oil; it is partially
dried, and, when the leather is almost dry, it is smoothed over by the rubbing tool
and completely dried.
The leather thus prepared is ready to be made into covering bands. For this
purpose it is cut into bands of the desired length and breadth; these bands are
placed on a table and by means of a rasp are rubbed so as to roughen their
surfaces. They are rubbed with cork, their edges are thinned by a cutter so as to
leave greater thickness in the middle.
The bands thus prepared may be directly served with caoutchouc in the usual
way, the caoutchouc adhering perfectly to the leather and remaining quite unchanged.
Thus, for example, the leather and the caoutchouc having been perfectly freed
from grease by means of benzene, the one material is cemented to the other by
means of a strong cement consisting of pure caoutchouc dissolved in carbon
bisulphide. This operation is effected quite in the cold.
My invention, however, is not confined exclusively to this cementing; I mention
it because of all the modes I have tried, this gives the best results. The essential
point is to have the leather quite free from grease with a roughened surface
specially prepared for complete adhesion to the caoutchouc, applied with a very
adhesive and supple cement.
Dated this 13th day of August 1894
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: the manufacture of Covers for Pneumatic Tyres.
I, CHARLES FRANÇOIS-DUSART of Genappe, Belgium, Currier, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The present invention has for its object a new tyre cover made of caoutchoucised
leather, for enclosing the pneumatic tyres of velocipede and other wheels, and the
process for making such cover.
Leather tanned in the usual way cannot be easily cemented to caoutchouc, there
being no tendency to adhesion, and, besides, the fatty matters contained in the
leather serve to decompose the caoutchouc applied to the leather.
65
"
In attaining the object of my invention, I take leather tanned in the usual way,
and subject it to the following treatment :-The tanned leather having been suitably
dried in the air, is soaked in cold water. The object is then to render it porous to
open," it as it is technically called. For this purpose it is rubbed to remove
wrinkles and immersed again in clear water. It is then stretched on a table, and
the fleshy parts are removed by a scraper; the leather is carefully washed with a
hard bass or other suitable brush; then turned over, and worked on the hair side,
by means of a stone rubbing tool. When thus treated, the leather is again washed,
then worked with the rubbing tool again, and washed. It is then scraped with an
iron scraper; the hair side is covered with a layer of fish oil; it is partially dried,
and, when the leather is almost dry, it is smoothed over by the rubbing tool &
completely dried.
it
The leather thus prepared is ready to be made into covers. For this purpose
is cut into bands of the desired length and breadth; and the bands being placed on
a table, are, by means of a rasp, rubbed so as to roughen their face. They are
rubbed with cork, & their edges are thinned by a cutter, so as to leave greater
thickness in the middle.
The bands thus prepared may be directly served with caoutchouc in the usual
way, the caoutchouc adhering perfectly to the leather, and remaining quite
unchanged. Thus, for example, the leather and the caoutchouc having been
perfectly freed from grease by means of benzene, the one material is cemented to
the other by means of a strong cement, consisting of pure caoutchouc dissolved in
carbon bisulphide. This operation is effected quite in the cold.
My invention, however, is not confined exclusively to this mode of cementing ;
I mention it, because, of all the nodes I have tried, this gives the best results.
The essential point is to have the leather perfectly free from grease, presenting
a roughened surface specially prepared to receive the caoutchouc, which is attached
to the leather by means of an adhesive and supple cement.
If desired, a strip of cloth or canvas may be inserted between the leather and the
caoutchouc, so that after treating with caoutchouc, the three substances will form
a solid body.
I may also enclose the air tube in a case of leather treated with caoutchouc, or
not, so as to avoid any possible friction of the air tube against the envelope,
My invention is equally applicable to the wheels of carriages, as to velocipedes ;
in this case I proceed as follows.
A band or strip of thin leather is prepared as for the velocipedes, and to it is
secured a second, narrower strip of thick leather (sole leather or cow skin).
This band is lined or backed with a strip of strong sail cloth. The band thus
prepared is faced with vulcanized caoutchouc, according to the method above
described, and it may be attached to the felloe of the wheel in any well known
manner.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In the manufacture of covers for pneumatic tyres, the process above described
for producing a dry and supple leather with a roughened surface to provide for the
adherence of the caoutchouc, and prevent it from decomposing, when applied to the
leather, as set forth.
2. The application of the process which constitutes the subject of the first
claim, to the preparation of covers for wheels of velocipedes.
3. The application of the process which constitutes the subject of the first
claim, to the manufacture of covers for wheels of vehicles heavier than velocipedes,
as above described.
Dated this 6th day of December 1894.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.