A NEW MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN COLOURING MATTER COMMONLY CALLED GARANCINE
Year: 1843

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
STEINER, of Hyndburn Cottage, near Accrington, in the County of Lancaster,
Turkey-red Dyer, send grecting.
WHEREAS in consequence of a communication made to me by a foreigner
residing abroad, I am in possession of an Invention for "A NEW MANUFACTURE
OF CERTAIN COLOURING MATTER COMMONLY CALLED GARANCINE;" and whereas
Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters Patent
under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at Westminster,
the Eighth day of August now last past, did give and grant unto me, the
said Frederick Steiner, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, Her especial licence,
that I, the said Frederick Steiner, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, by myself
and themselves, and by my and their deputy and deputies, servants or
agents, or such others as I, the said Frederick Steiner, my exors, adiñiors,
or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend the said Invention within that
part of Her said Majesty's United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
called England, Her Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed;
in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso obliging me, the said
Frederick Steiner, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, and to cause the same to be enrolled in
Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next

page_text: and immediately ensuing the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and
by the same Letters Patent, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and
at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Frederick Steiner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention to
consist in manufacturing a certain colouring matter called garancine from
refuse madder, or madder which has been previously used in dyeing; such
madder having prior to the said Invention ordinarily been thrown away as
spent and of no value; and the said colouring matter, called garancine, having
been produced heretofore from fresh or unused madder. And I do further
declare in what manner the said Invention is to be performed as follows:-
Outside the building in which the dye vessels are situate, I construct a large
filter formed by sinking a hole in the ground, and lining it at the bottom and
sides with bricks without any mortar to unite them. Upon the bricks I place
a quantity of stones or gravel, and over the stones or gravel common wrapper-
ing, such as is used for sacks. Below the bricks is a drain to take off the
water which passes through the filter. In a tub adjoining the filter is kept a
quantity of dilute sulphuric acid of about the specific gravity of one hundred
and five, water being one hundred; hydrochloric acid will answer the several
purposes for which I use sulphuric acid, though I prefer sulphuric acid as moro
economical. A channel is made from the dye vessels to the filter. The
madder which has been employed in dyeing, and which is in the state con-
sidered as spent or refuse madder, is run from the dye vessels to the filter, and
while it is so running, such a portion of the dilute sulphuric acid is run in and
mixed with it as changes the colour of the solution and the undissolved madder
to an orange tint or hue; this acid precipitates the colouring matter which is
held in solution, and prevents the undissolved madder from fermenting or
otherwise decomposing. When the water has drained from the madder
through the filter, the residuum is taken from off the filter and put into bags.
The bags are then placed in a hydraulic press, to have as much water as
possible expressed from their contents. After the press has been applied to the
bags, I generally find about one-half or two-thirds of their contents to consist
of water. In order to break the lumps which have been formed by compression,
the madder or residuum is passed through a sieve. To five hundredweight of
madder in this state, placed in a wood or lead cistern, I add one hundred-
weight of sulphuric acid of commerce, by sprinkling it on the madder through
a lead vessel, similar in form to the ordinary watering can used by gardeners.
I next use an instrument like the garden spade or rake to work the madder
about, so as to mix it intimately with the acid. In this stage I take the madder

page_text: and place it upon a perforated lead plate, which is fixed about five or six inches
above the bottom of a vessel. Between this plate and the bottom of the
vessel I introduce a current of steam by a pipe, so that it passes through the
perforated plate and the madder which is upon it. During this process, which
occupies from one to two hours, a substance is produced of a dark brown colour
approaching to a black. This substance is garancine and insoluble carbonized
matter. I next throw this substance on the floor to cool; when cool, I place it
upon a filter and wash it with clear cold water until the water passes from it
without an acid taste. I then put it into bags and press it with a hydraulic
press. I next dry the substance in a stove and grind it to a fine powder under
ordinary madder stones, and afterwards pass it through a sieve. In order to
neutralize any acid that may remain, I add for every hundredweight of this
substance from four to five pounds of carbonate of soda in a dry state, and
intimately mix them. The garancine in this state is ready for use.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner in
which the same may be performed, I hereby declare that I do not claim as of the
said Invention, or the exclusive use of the said several processes and operations
herein before mentioned, except when the same are employed for the manu-
facture of garancine from spent or refuse madder; but I claim as my Inven-
tion the manufacture herein-before described of the colouring matter called
garancine from madder which has been previously used in dyeing, and which
is usually called spent madder. And such Invention being to the best of my
knowledge and belief, entirely new, and never before used within that part of
Her said Majesty's United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called
England, Her Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, I do
hereby declare this to be my Specification of the same, and that I do
verily believe this my said Specification doth comply in all respects fully
and without reserve or disguise with the proviso in the said herein-before in
part recited Letters Patent contained. Wherefore I do hereby claim to main-
tain exclusive right and privilege to the said Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Steiner, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Seventh day of February, in the year of our
Low One thousand eight hundrad and forty-four
35 Signed, sealed, and delivered (being first duly
stamped) by the within-named Frederick
Steiner, in the presence of
F. (L.S.) STEINER.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Seventh day of February, in
the year of our Lord 1844, the aforesaid Frederick Steiner came before our
said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped accord-
ing to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Eighth day of February in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-four.