AN IMPROVED METHOD AND MEANS OF REMOVING 'SCUM' OR FLOATING PARTICLES FROM THE SURFACE OF WATER OR OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Heywood, of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Attorney-at-Law, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED
METHOD AND MEANS OF REMOVING 'SCUM' OR FLOATING PARTICLES FROM
THE SURFACE OF WATER OR OTHER LIQUIDS."
Sealed the 16th September 1864, and dated the 19th March 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Heywood at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
March 1864.
I, CHARLES HEYWOOD, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Attorney-at-Law, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED METHOD AND MEANS OF REMOVING SCUM' OR FLOATING PARTICLES
FROM THE SURFACE OF WATER OR OTHER LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
My Invention is designed for the purpose of removing the "scum' or
floating particles or impurities from the surface of water or other liquids, and
is particularly applicable to baths, basins, cisterns, boilers, or other vessels of
capacity for containing liquids wherein "scum" arises.
The improvement consists in floating off the "scum" by means of a
superficial stream or current of liquid so directed as to pass over the surface
and carry away the floating "scum." This is to be effected by forming a long
slot or opening or series of openings at one side of the vessel opposite to and
level with the liquid supply aperture; such long slot is intended to form an

page_text: overflow for the liquid, and may be placed at any required height, and may
communicate either with the waste pipe or general outlet, or have a separate
discharge pipe. To remove any "scum" or impurities floating on the surface
of water, say, for example, in a bath, it would simply be requisite to admit
pure water on one side of the bath at the level of the surface, which would 5
cause a sheet or stream of water to pass across to the outlet, which would
carry with it and remove all floating impurities, and leave the surface
clean.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Heywood in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
17th September 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
HEYWOOD, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Attorney-at-Law,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Charles Heywood, Her special license that I,
the said Charles Heywood, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Charles Heywood, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD AND MEANS OF REMOVING SCUM' OR
FLOATING PARTICLES FROM THE SURFACE OF WATER OR OTHER LIQUIDS," upon the
condition, amongst others, that I, the said Charles Heywood, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Heywood, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be

page_text: performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the fol-
lowing statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to say):-
My Invention is designed for the purpose of removing the "scum" or
floating particles or impurities from the surface of water or other liquids, and
is particularly applicable to baths, basins, cisterns, boilers, or other vessels of
capacity for containing liquids wherein "scum" arises or falls from the
atmosphere.
.
The improvement consists in floating off the "scum" by means of a
superficial stream or current of liquid, so directed as to pass over the surface
and carry away: the floating "scum." This is to be effected by forming a long
slot or opening, or series of openings at one side of the vessel opposite to and
level with the liquid supply aperture; such long slot is intended to form an
overflow for the liquid, and may be placed at any required height, and may
communicate either with the waste or general outlet, or have a separate dis-
charge pipe. To remove any "scum" or impurities floating on the surface of
water, say, for example, in a bath, it would simply be requisite to admit pure
water on one side of the bath at the level of the surface, which would cause a
sheet or stream of water to pass across to the outlet which would carry with
it and remove all floating particles, and leave the surface clean.
In order that the Invention may be better understood and explained in
detail, I have hereunto attached a Sheet of Drawings made upon a scale of
about one inch to the foot, letters of reference being marked thereupon.
Fig. 1 represents a vertical cross sectional view of the bath (shewn as an
example), having the aforesaid improvements applied thereto; Fig. 2 repre-
sents a vertical longitudinal section of a bath, shewing the side of the bath
where the superficial stream of water enters at the. perforations; and Fig. 3 is
a similar view, shewing the side where the said stream passes off and carries
away the scum through the slot, and down the receiver to the bath waste
pipe; Fig. 4 is a plan view of the bath.
In the various Figures, a, a, is the bath which is supplied with the ordinary
inlet taps and pipes b, b, and the waste pipe c. The pipes d, d, are for sup-
plying hot or cold water to the chamber e, from which the stream issues
through the perforations and passes across the surface of the water, carrying
with it the "scum" or other impurities through the slot f, and down the
receiver g to the waste pipe, the flow of such superficial stream being controlled
by the tap h.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, together with the
method of of carrying the same into practical effect, I wish it to be distinctly
understood that I claim the removal of scum or floating impurities from the

page_text: surface of liquids by causing a stream of pure liquid to pass over the said
impure surface, and so to take away the floating particles, which principle is
shewn as applied to a domestic bath, but which is applicable to cleansing the
surface of water or other liquids contained in basins, cisterns, or other vessels
or receptacles, as herein-before described, set forth, and fully illustrated in
the Drawings attached.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Heywood, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
CHARLES HEYWOOD. (L.S.)