AN IM- PROVED ELECTRO-MAGNETIC APPARATUS
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Charles Bertrand Dubos at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th April 1856.
I; JEAN CHARLES BERTRAND DUBOS, Chemist, of Paris, Town in the French
Empire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IM-
PROVED ELECTRO-MAGNETIC APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
The most powerful force developed by the action of the galvanic current on
soft iron is the force resulting from reciprocal attraction of two electro-magnets
with opposite poles, for a fixed electro-magnet would exert a far more energetic
attraction on a moveable electro-magnet with opposite poles than an electro-
magnet would on a bar of soft iron: the attractive force of a moveable
electro-magnet equal to that of a fixed electro-magnet would naturally produce.
a force of twice the effect of any known arrangement.
My invention consists in the employment and application of this force,
whatever the arrangement of the apparatus. To carry out my Invention
successfully, I find that the length of the coils of copper wire on each arm of
the electro-magnet should not be less than twice nor more than four times
that of the diameter of the soft iron of which the magnet is composed; the
wire should form five spiral layers on the whole length of the arm, and the
thickness of the five layers should equal a fourth part of the diameter.
[

page_text: prefer the employment of Bunsen's battery for my Invention, but I use
pulverized coke to immerse in the azotic acid, and heap it up in each
diaphragm instead of employing gas retort coke, and I cover the azotic acid
hermetically with caoutchouc or gutta percha. I place a short piece of retort
coke in the coke dust to establish a communication with the zinc.
Figure 1 is a horizontal section of an electro-magnetic motive engine, con-
structed according.to my invention, arranged for exerting a reciprocating action.
B1, B2, B3 B, are hollow coils placed opposite each other, each pair connected
by the two arms of a fixed electro-magnet E, G, (on the left,) and F, D, (on the
right,) by one of their extremities, while in the other extremities work two rods
T, G, on the left, and T, D, on the right, the whole forming with the cross piece
M two moveable electro-magnets working in the tubular coils. These moveable
electro-magnets form with the fixed electro-magnets two electro-magnets with
opposite poles on the left and the same on the right, when an electric current
passes in the coil as previously mentioned. A.commutator allows the current
to pass through the right-hand.coils. The rods T, D, are attracted by the fixed
magnet F, D, and produce a forward movement. The same commutator in-
terrupts the right-hand current, brings it in the left-hand coils, which allows of
.the rods. T, G, being attracted by the fixed magnets E, G, and produces the
second stroke. The current returning. into the right-hand coils repeats the
first movement, which is transmitted to the wheels R, R, by connecting rods or
cranks B*, B*, which work in the arms C, C, forming part of the cross piece
M. Figure 2 is a vertical section of an electro motive engine, constructed
according to my Invention, exerting an oscillating action. E, E, E³, are
..electro-magnets, fixed to a framework (in hard wood) A (on the left), E¹º,
.E", E, similar electro-magnets, arranged in like. manner in a framework B
(on the right); E, E, E, E7, E8, E, moveable.electro-magnets, placed right and
left of a lever B' centred on an axis A', each .pole of a moveable electro-
magnet being opposite the contrary pole of the fixed electro-magnets, as
indicated by the signs +- The arms of the electro-magnets are provided with
coils of copper wire covered with cotton. Fixed electro-magnets pass in the
moveable electro-magnets without interruption up to the point where the wires
cross, which is in communication with the positive pole of the battery. The
two other ends C, G, C, D, communicate alternately. with a commutator (with
excentric) formed on the shaft of the fly-wheel V, and thus the current is
made to pass into the electro-magnets 1, 2, 3, which attract the moveable
electro-magnets 4, 5, 6, and produce the first forward stroke. On leaving the
electro-magnets it passes into the right-hand magnets 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,
which attract and produce with the moveable magnets 7, 8, 9, the second

page_text: stroke the current returning to the left recommences the movement, and so
on. The oscillating motion of the lever B¹ is imparted to the lever L, and thence
through the crank B and brace X to the wheel V. Any desired number
of moveable electro-magnets may be fixed to the arms of a four-armed lever,
according to the force required, and there should be an equal number of fixed
and moveable magnets.