AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF BLOWING APPARATUS
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Vincent Newton, of the Office for Patents.
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughts-
man, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF BLOWING
APPARATUS." A communication from abroad by Joseph Perrigault, of
Rue St. Sebastien, Paris, in the Empire of France.
Sealed the 18th September 1863, and dated the 15th April 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Vincent Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th April 1863.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION
OP BLOWING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel arrangement of blowing apparatus for
obtaining a powerful blast of air by means of rotary fans or blowers. To
this end two, three, or more blowers are mounted one behind the other in the
samne case, but in separate chambers, which communicate the one with the
other by central openings in the partitions which divide the case into chambers.
These fans or blowers are by preference made in the following manner:-
A pair of discs set at a suitable distance apart carry leaves which extend
from the boss of the fan to the periphery, and the periphery is covered by
curved plates of metal so arranged as to provide tangential vents for the air

page_text: that is drawn in at the centre of the blower.
When a series of such blowers
is set in action the revolution of the first will draw in air and expel it at its
periphery. The air will then pass to the next chamber and entering the
second blower will be still further compressed. From this blower the air will
escape to, say, a third chamber, and be again still further compressed, when
it may be employed for any purpose for which strong blasts are required. Or
the compressed air may be brought under the action of more rotary blowers
before it is delivered for use. Each chamber may with advantage be provided
with a pressure gauge, and valves are fitted to the partitions for regulating the
admission of air from one chamber to the other. The speeds and capacities
of the fans will be determined according to the work to which the blowing
apparatus is to be applied.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Alfred Vincent Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office.
on the 13th October 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALFRED
VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Ierself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Alfred Vincent Newton, IIer special license, that I, the said
Alfred Vincent Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF BLOWING APPARATUS,"
being a communication from abroad by Joseph Perrigault, of Rue Saint
Sebastien, Paris, in the Empire of France, upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office

page_text: within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
-
This Invention, as communicated to me from abroad, relates to a novel
arrangement of blowing apparatus for obtaining a powerful blast of air by
means of rotary fans or blowers driven at a moderate speed, which kind of
blower the Inventor denominates a reaction blower. To this end a novel form
of centrifugal blower is constructed capable of being used singly or in com-
binations of two, three, or more blowers, the same being mounted one behind
the other in the same case, but in separate chambers, which communicate the
one with the other by central openings in the partitions which divide the case
into chambers.
The improved fan or blower is made in the following manner: A pair of
discs set at a suitable distance apart carry leaves which extend from the boss
of the fan to the periphery, and the periphery is covered by curved plates of
metal so arranged as to provide tangential vents for the air that is drawn in
at the centre of the blower. When a series of such blowers is set in action
the revolution of the first will draw in air and expel it at its periphery. The
air will then pass to the next chamber and entering the second blower will
be still further compressed. From this blower the air will escape to, say, a
third chamber and be again still further compressed, when it may be employed
for any purpose for which strong blasts are required. Each chamber may
with advantage be provided with a pressure gauge, and valves are fitted to
the partitions for regulating the admission of air from one chamber to the
other. The speeds and capabilities of the fans will be determined according
to the work to which the blowing apparatus is to be applied.
In the accompanying Drawing, Fig. 1 is a longitudinal vertical section of
one of the improved blowers or fans; Fig. 2 is a transverse vertical section of
the same, and Fig. 3 represents in transverse section three of the improved
blowers set together and working in a compound case, such as that above
described. Similar letters of reference denote like parts in all these Figures.
A is the eye or central opening in the blower through which the air enters;
b, b, b, b, are the leaves of the blower, the number of which may be
diminished or increased according to requirements; they are enclosed between
and secured to the two discs C, C', one of which is pierced as at A for the

page_text: admission of the air. The openings for the escape from the blower into its
casing of the air (drawn in by the rapid rotation of the blower) are situate at
the extremities of the leaves, and arranged in such manner that the air com-
pressed by centrifugal force at D, E, F, can only escape at right angles to the
radius and tangentially to the circumference of the discs. It will be under-
stood that the compression of the air in the bottom of the chambers D, E, F,
will increase with the speed of rotation, and that the more this pressure is
augmented the greater will be the speed of the escaping air at G, and con-
sequently the nearer will it approach the speed of the discs themselves. The
orifices G for the escape of air must project very little from the circumference of
the discs. The blowers are so mounted in their casing B that sufficient space
only is left between the edges of the central opening A and the case as will
suffice to prevent friction between them.
By a simple combination of the above described parts as shewn at Fig. 3
a very considerable degree of pressure may be obtained with a moderate
driving speed. Thus, suppose a second blower to be employed which can
only be supplied through its eye with air already compressed by the first
blower, and a third blower to be supplied with the air further compressed by
the second, and so on, a blast of air of very great pressure may be readily
obtained; the first blower imparts the first compression to the air, the second
compresses the already compressed air, the third still further compresses the
-air acted upon by the first and second blower, and the like effect may be
enhanced by a further developement of the effects shewn at Fig. 3.
Having now set forth the Invention of An Improved Construction of
Blowing Apparatus," as communicated to me from abroad, and explained the
manner of carrying the same into effect, I desire it to be understood that
under the above in part recited Letters Patent I claim, the construction or
arrangement of blower above shewn and described, whether employed singly
or combined with other blowers of the same kind, as and for the purpose
specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Tenth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
A. V. NEWTON. (L.S.)