Improvements in Governor Apparatus for Prime Movers.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Dec., 1887
Complete Specification Left, 14th Sept., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 19th Oct., 1888
DES
Improvements in Governor Apparatus for Prime Movers.
I SETH DAWSON of the firm of S. & J. Dawson of the Bankside Ironworks,
Mossley, near Manchester, in the County of Chester, Engineers do hereby declare the
nature of this Invention to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the Governors principally employed in the regulation of
the supply of steam to steam engines as is well understood. In ordinary governors
the range of motion of the part which transmits the movement to the controlling
parts of the engine necessitates a variation in the speed of the Governor. The
principal object of my invention is to minimise this variation. I connect the governor
with one end of a lever which is connected by its other end with an auxilliary apparatus
The said
the connection with the steam controlling parts being intermediate.
auxilliary apparatus is actuated by the governor when required by means of bevel
friction wheels in such a manner as that an increase in speed causes the revolution of
a shaft in one direction a reduction in speed causing the shaft to revolve in the reverse
direction. The motion of the said shaft is transmitted through parts which act upon
the said lever each of the two connections with the governor and the auxilliary
apparatus forming a fulcrum for the movement of the other connection. In the
apparatus which I have designed for the purpose a shaft carrying a bevel friction
wheel is fitted to revolve in bearings and is free to slide therein a spring tending to
keep the wheel in position to be acted upon by one or the other of two bevel friction
wheels upon the governor sleeve a collar upon the said shaft limiting its sliding movement.
Upon the said shaft is mounted a worm which gears with a wheel which drives a rack
pinion by friction-a flange upon the boss of the said pinion being pressed by means of an
adjustable spring into contact with a turned face upon the worm wheel. The said rack
pinion gears with a rack which is adjustably fixed to a rod which is connected by one
end with the aforesaid lever. When the governor sleeve rises or falls the worm shaft is
rotated in one direction or the other whereby the said lever is acted upon in the first
instance by the governor and afterwards by the auxilliary apparatus. At the times
when the governor sleeve tends to continue its linear motion after the friction wheels

page_text: come into driving contact the driven wheel yields by the end wise motion of its shaft
so that the governor can act to any required extent upon the lever at the times when
the action of the auxilliary apparatus would not be quick enough. The subsequent
action of the said apparatus would soon restore the governor to its normal speed. The
motion of the rack rod is limited by adjustable stops. At the times when the move-
ment of the rack is arrested by either of these stops the friction connection between
the worm wheel and pinion slips so that the movement of the worm shaft is not
arrested. The inner bearing for the worm shaft is adjustable so that the freedom of
motion of the governor sleeve without action upon the worm shaft may be
regulated. I do not confine myself to the exact details of the apparatus as herein
described.
Dated this 19th day of December 1887.
DUTTON & FULTON,
1, St. James Square, Manchester,
Agents.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Governor Apparatus for Prime Movers..
I SETH DAWSON of the firm of S. & J. Dawson of the Bankside Ironworks.
Mossley near Manchester, in the County of Chester, Engineers do hereby declare the
nature of this Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement and
accompanying drawings:-
-
My Invention relates to the Governors principally employed in the regulation of the
supply of steam to steam engines as is well understood. In ordinary governors the range
of motion of the part which transmits the movement to the controlling parts of the
engine necessitates a variation in the speed of the governor. The principal object of
my Invention is to minimise this variation. I connect the governor with a lever which.
is also connected with an auxilliary apparatus and with the steam controlling parts.
The said auxilliary apparatus is actuated by the governor when required by means of
bevel friction wheels in such a manner as that an increase in speed causes the revolution
of a shaft in one direction a reduction in speed causing the shaft to revolve in the
reverse direction. The motion of the said shaft is transmitted through parts which
act upon the said lever each of the two connections with the governor and the auxilliary
apparatus forming a fulcrum for the movement of the other connection the action of
the auxilliary apparatus moving the fulcrum upon which the lever turns when acted
upon by the governor.
My invention will be most clearly understood when described more fully with
reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the said drawings Fig. 1. represents a Governor provided with my auxilliary
apparatus; In the said Fig. A is a "Dawson" Governor constructed in accordance
with a former invention for which Letters Patent number 5451 of the year 1885 have
been granted to me in conjunction with James Dawson. The said Governor is
carried by a vertical shaft a which is mounted to revolve in a stand and receives
motion in any suitable manner from the prime mover to which the apparatus is applied.
The said shaft is hollów as is usual and within this shaft is a rod represented by doited
lines at e which is connected with the load a' and slides within the shaft a as the said
load rises and falls. Upon the shaft a two sleeves d and e are loosely mounted and
are connected with the inner rod c in manner as is well understood so that as the
load a rises and falls the two sleeves slide up and down to an equal extent upon the
shaft a.
The sleeve d communicates motion to a lever which is connected by means
of a rod 9 with the parts which control the supply of the steam or other operating
medium to the prime mover. The said lever turns upon a movable fulcrum at the
lever being jointed to the end of a rod which is mounted to slide in the direction of
its length so that the fulcrum f¹ can be raised and lowered. It will be seen that the
same action upon the rod 9 will result from the lowering of this fulcrum as from the
raising of the sleeve d. The additional sleeve e is made of a double conical form so
as to act as a friction driver upon a wheel i which is fixed upon a shaft j which revolves

page_text: upon an axis which is at right angles to the axis of the shaft a. The shaft jis mounted
to slide as well as to revolve in bearings formed in parts which are carried by the
governor stand. The formation of the wheel i is indicated in Fig. 2 in Sheet 2 of the
drawings. The face of the said wheel is dished to suit the conical formation of
the sleeve e and to the said face is secured a ring of leather or other suitable
material. A spiral spring upon the shaft tends to slide the shaft in a direction
toward the sleeve e a collar j¹ upon the shaft limiting this movement. The parts are so
adjusted as that, when the governor shaft is revolving at its normal speed the sleeve e
just clears the ring. A rising of the load a' will bring the sleeve e into contact with
the ring at the upper part of the wheel as indicated in Fig. 3 and a revolving
motion will be imparted to the shaft j the said sleeve acting as a driver upon the
wheel i. It will be seen that a falling of the said sleeve will also have the effect of
rotating the said shaft but in a direction contrary to that resulting from a rising of
the sleeve. The shaft is arranged to slide in its bearings in order that the wheel i
may be free to yield when the sleeve e continues to rise or fall after having come into
driving contact with the said wheel, the spring permitting the wheel to yield and at
the same time keeping the said wheel pressed against the driving sleeve with a pressure
sufficient to ensure the rotation of the wheel until the said sleeve has returned to the
normal central position indicated in Figs. 1 and 2. Upon the shaft j a worm k is
mounted so as to turn with the shaft and to permit of the sliding movement of the
same. The said worm gears with a worm wheel which is connected with a spur
pinion m. The said pinion gears with a spur rack which is adjustably secured to
the rod so that when the wheel lis rotated the said rod is slid endwise in its bearings
either upward or downward according to the direction of revolution of the said
wheel. The arrangement is such as that when the sleeve rises into driving contact
as indicated in Fig. 3 the wheel is rotated in the direction indicated by the
arrow.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-
On the rising of the load due to an increased velocity of rotation of the governor
the lever is acted upon so as to draw the rod g in the direction indicated by the
arrow. If the rise is sufficient to bring the sleeve e into driving contact with the
wheel the wheel will be rotated and the rod h be lowered thereby lowering
the fulcrum . The diagram Fig. 4 illustrates this action the full lines 1, 5, 3,
indicating the position of the lever before the rise of the governor load. I will
suppose that the governor lifts the end of the said lever from 1 to 2 thereby drawing
the end of the rod y from 3 to 4. The auxilliary apparatus will now come into action
and the fulerum will be lowered which will permit the load a¹ to fall and in the
absence of any further change in the speed of the prime mover, the said fulcrum will
be lowered from 5 to 6 thereby permitting the end of the lever f to return to position 1
without moving back the end of the rod y so that the governor will resume its normal
speed although the reduced supply of steam or acting medium continues. On the
prime mover falling off in speed the sleeve e will fall and the fulcrum f¹ be raised
which would permit the governor to resume its normal speed. In some or in all
cases I limit the movements of the rod by means of adjustable stops so as to limit
the range of movement of the parts acted upon by the rod g. An arrangement which
I may adopt in such a case is illustrated in Fig. 5 which is taken on a plane at right
angles to that of Fig. 1. In this example 1, h2, are two stop collars which are
adjustable upon the rod h. The worm wheel is loosely mounted upon a stud n and
upon the same stud is mounted the rack pinion m. The wheel drives the pinion m
by frictional contact with a disc o which is attached to the said pinion and is pressed
against the said wheel by means of a spring. At the times when the movement of
the rod his arrested by either of the stops the rotation of the pinion m, and the disc o
is arrested but the wheel may continue to revolve. This friction connection o might
be dispensed with in which case the sleeve e would slip upon the wheel i at the times
when the rotation of the wheel would be arrested, but it will be apparent that the
face of the wheel i would be unequally worn by such slipping. Any other suitable
friction clutch might be used in lieu of the disco and any other suitable form of friction

page_text: gear may be substituted for the parts e and i. I do not confine myself to the use of a
worm and wheel for the indicated purpose nor to the use of the sliding rod h so long
as the fulerum for the lever is moved in one direction by the rising of the governor
load or sleeve and in the other direction by the fall of the same so as to have the effect
of restoring the governor to its normal speed or thereabouts. A screw might be
substituted for the sliding rod or the fulcrum f¹ might be upon a sliding carriage or
upon a lever.
The form of the lever fand the connection of the same with the controlling parts of
the prime mover may be greatly varied.
Figs. 6 and 7 illustrate two variations. In Fig. 6 one end of a straight lever is
connected with the top of the governor load and the other with the upper end of the
rod the connection with the rod y being intermediate. In Fig. 7 a straight lever is
substituted for the bell crank lever in Fig. 1. My auxilliary apparatus may also be
adapted to any ordinary or suitable form of Governor other than the one shown by
way of example.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:-
(1) The combination of the Governor A'with the auxilliary apparatus herein described
and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
(2) The apparatus for application to a Governor arranged and acting substantially
as and for the purpose set forth and indicated.
(3) In auxilliary apparatus used in connection with a governor a worm shaft adapted
to be rotated by the governor in one direction when the speed of the governor increases
and in the other direction when such speed decreases and a worm wheel driven
by such worm and giving motion through a rack and pinion to a sliding rod which
carries the fulcrum of the lever through which the governor acts upon the controlling
parts of the prime mover substantially as set forth and indicated.
(4) In Governor apparatus for prime movers the lever through which the governor
acts upon the parts which control the supply of steam or other acting medium having
its fulcrum mounted upon a part which is moved in one direction or the other when
the speed of the governor rises or falls to an important extent above or below its
normal speed the movement of such fulcrum being effected by parts which receive
motion from the governor and continuing until the normal speed of the governor has
been restored substantially as set forth.
Natal this 12th dovre of Santawhon 1400
DUTTON & FULTON,
1, St. James Square, Manchester,
Agents