matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GUNPOWDER
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Friedrich Hahn at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th March 1867.
I, FRIEDRICH HAHN, of Tavistock Street, Bedford Square, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GUNPOWDER," to be as follows:-
According to this Invention gunpowder is to made of the following ingre-
dients and proportions, viz. :-
Chlorate of potash
Tersulphide of antimony
Spermaceti
Charcoal
-
867.5 parts by weight.
168.3
do.
do.
46.
do.
do.
18
do.
do.
This gunpowder can be kept at the depôts or be conveyed from place to
place without any danger of explosion, if kept in two separate bodies, by
keeping the chlorate of potash separated from the mixture of tersulphide of
antimony, spermaceti, and charcoal, since the chlorate of potash is non-
explosive by itself, as is also the mixture of the other ingredients, even by the
action of fire.
To use the gunpowder the ingredients are mixed by means of a sieve, the
chlorate of potash 46 parts by weight, and the mixture 29 parts by weight.
The injurious effects of the liberated chloride on the iron of the gun are
avoided, because the chloride combines with the antimony and forms ter-
chloride of antimony, and the explosion by friction is avoided by the slow
decomposition of the spermaceti.
This powder may also be used for blasting purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING MEAT, FRUIT, AND VEGETABLES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Henry Cradock Monckton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th May 1867.
I, EDWARD HENRY CRADOCK MONCKTON, of the Oriental Bank Corporation,
Threadneedle Street, London, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING MEAT, FRUIT, AND VEGETABLES,”
to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in placing the fresh article to be preserved,
whether meat, fruit, or vegetables, in a tin or other case hermetically sealed,
into which ether is poured, the orifice on the expulsion of the air by its vapour
being immediately sealed up by a drop of tin or otherwise. I use -nitric ether
by preference as it conveys no unpleasant flavour; I use also a mixture of
ethers, as that of the nitric and chloric ethers, by such mixtures a smoked or
other flavour may be given to meat; by ether I mean any distilled compound
of alcohol with any other chemical that arising in distillation combines with
it. Fruit and vegetables may also be preserved in the same way, for which
purpose I prefer to use nitric ether.
AN IMPROVED MODE OR MANNER OF SECURING DOOR AND OTHER KNOBS TO THEIR SPINDLES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Hyatt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th February
1867.
I, THOMAS HYATT, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Brass-
founder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
MODE OR MANNER OF SECURING DOOR AND OTHER KNOBS TO THEIR SPINDLES," to be
as follows:-
The object of this Invention is, by the means herein-after described, so to
secure the knob to its spindle as to prevent it from becoming loose. The
advantages of "Duces" and other like adjustable spindles are well known,
but partly by reason of the metal collar with which they are fitted, and which
is screwed upon the spindle, being circular in shape, and partly because the
knob is held in its position by a screw which goes only through its neck, it is
found in practice that the knob is not secured in so complete a manner as is
necessary.
Now my Invention consists in providing a metal collar which instead of
being circular in shape is square shaped, and which therefore fits the square-
shaped spindle upon which it slides with such exactness that it cannot be
turned round; attached to the said collar is a circular neck, which when the
spindle is properly adjusted is caused to go over the neck of the adjustable
knob employed, and a pin or screw being passed through both the knob is
securely attached to its spindle.
NEW OR IMPROVED IMPLEMENTS OR APPARATUS FOR PLAYING GAMES OF SKILL AND CHANCE
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Taylor at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th June 1867.
J.
I, THOMAS TAYLOR, of No. 7, Wellington Row, Bethnal Green, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "NEW OR IMPROVED IMPLEMENTS OR APPARATUS FOR PLAYING GAMES OF SKILL
AND CHANCE," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the arrangement of a board or table formed of any
suitable material and with a number of recesses in the central portion thereof,
upon which board or table are used pieces of ivory or other suitable material
formed so as to slide easily along the surface of the said board, to rebound
freely from one another, and to fit the recesses. The pieces may be of a
circular, diamond, heart, or other suitable shape. The sides of the board are
fitted with an elastic cushion, and a semicircular piece which forms the head
of the board has a similar cushion upon it, and is made so that it can be
reversed to enable another person to play from the opposite end of the board.
The pieces are struck with a flat circular-headed mace or hammer of ivory or
other suitable material, or they may be struck in any other convenient manner.
Instead of recesses in the central part of this board or table, pieces with or
without an elastic cushion on them may be made to project from the surface
of the table and arranged in a circle or in any other desired manner so as to
admit of the sliding pieces passing between them. Similar pieces or pillars
with elastic cushions may all be connected at top by being screwed or other-
wise fastened into a circular, octagonal, or other shaped ring of metal, wood,

page_text: or other suitable material. So combined it may be used either upon the above-
mentioned board in lieu of the fixed projecting pieces, or upon an ordinary
table, or upon a lawn, and balls or sliding pieces may be used, and the size of
the apparatus may be varied to suit the circumstances, the object being either
get the most pieces or balls to pass between the cush pillars into the interior,
or to strike out or release one or more pieces or balls placed therein. When
this apparatus is used on an ordinary table it may be surrounded by an
external cushion. A board or table similar to the above may be arranged to
turn on a pivot, so that two or more persons can play upon it without being
required to move into another place during the game. This board or table may
be used as a base or stand for supporting a T-shaped rod, from the extremities
of which are suspended cords having a ring at their ends. Each of these rings
when swung by the players, who sit opposite each other, are caused to catch
on to a hook placed at the requisite elevation at each end of the board; or in
lieu of using the before-mentioned board or table for supporting the T-shaped
rod a weighted pillar or base may be used, into which are fastened projecting.
rods which carry the hooks for catching the rings. The above-mentioned
reversible head may be applied to boards where balls are used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CORSETS AND IN APPARATUS FOR TAKING MEASUREMENTS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Davies at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th October
1867. A communication from abroad by François Henri Mariotte and
Edouard Turpin, of Paris, Manufacturers.
I, GEORGE DAVIES, of No. 1, Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County of
Middlesex, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CORSETS
AND IN APPARATUS FOR TAKING MEASUREMENTS FOR THE SAME," (a communication
to me from abroad by François Henri Mariotte and Edouard Turpin, of
Paris, Manufacturers,) to be as follows:-
The improvements which form the subject of the present application
consist, firstly, of a very simple combination of " patternometer" for taking
the measurements necessary for making a corset; and, secondly, of a new kind
of corset made in two pieces united by one seam only; plaits or gathers, as
well as the gussets for the skirt and top of the corset are entirely dispensed
with, which allows the corset to set well to the figure without distorting it in
any way as many corsets do.
The improved corset is formed of two pieces only, one cut so as to form the
top or upper part, and the other so as to form the skirt or lower part, and
these two pieces are united by one horizontal seam only at the waist.
The "patternometer" is also similarly composed of two parts, one forming
the top and the other the skirt, the two parts being united together at the
waist by buckles and straps or tabs. The top and the skirt instead of being

page_text: made each of one piece (as in the corset) are made of three or more pieces
divided vertically at suitable intervals, the pieces being connected together at
top and bottom by bands of india-rubber or other elastic material, and by
buckles and straps or tabs intermediately.
The "patternometer" being placed on the figure the elastic bands cause it
to fit exactly to the same without creating any distortion or undue pressure;
the straps or tabs are then drawn up and buckled, and on removing the
"patternometer" all the measurements required for making a corset can be
taken therefrom by the aid of the straps or tabs which are not elastic, but
retain the form and position which has been given to them.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN TOBACCO PIPES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John William Halfpenny at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th September 1867.
I, JOHN WILLIAM HALFPENNY, of Aldersgate Street, in the City of London,
Importer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TOBACCO PIPES," to be as follows:-
According to my Invention I form the bowl of the pipe of any suitable
shape or material and bore it out in the usual way, but with a conical chamber
at the bottom of the bowl. At the apex of the conical chamber I provide an
orifice leading through a projection on the bottom of the bowl into a small
receptacle screwed on to said projection. The inside of the bowl I line with
a thimble-shaped clay lining, the bottom of which slightly projects into the
conical chamber above mentioned, but without coming in contact with the
sides thereof. I also provide an orifice through the bottom of said lining for
the passage of the smoke. The passage communicating with the stem of the pipe
I bore through the bowl towards the upper part of the conical chamber, and
by preference above the level of the orifice through the clay lining; this passage
is inclined downwards from the inside to the outside of the bowl where it com-
municates with the stem of the pipe. In smoking the smoke passes through
the orifice in the clay lining, where it becomes separated from the oil, the

page_text: latter being retained in the conical chamber, whence it passes through the
orifice first mentioned into the receptacle provided for the purpose at the
bottom of the pipe; the smoke thus passes through into the stem entirely
freed from the essential oil.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING FELT CARPETING
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Mitchell and Thomas
Mitchell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 31st December 1867.
We, WILLIAM MITCHELL and THOMAS MITCHELL, both of Stacksteads, in
the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE PROCESS
OF MANUFACTURING FELT CARPETING," to be as follows:-
Our Invention is designed for the purpose of enabling the carding engine
or felting machine to produce or discharge when being stripped from its
doffing cylinder a fleece of wool that will be equal to the full width of a felt
carpet, in order that such carpeting can be manufactured without seam in
contradistinction to producing such fleece in narrow widths as now employed,
which necessitates the seaming of the pieces together. And the improvements
consist in forming the cylinders composing the engine of large diameter and
extended widths of metal or lags of wood, which are internally stayed with
transverse and diagonal ribs in such a manner that the surface or periphery
of the cylinder will bear proportionate strength, durability, and equality.
These surfaces when truly turned are covered in the usual manner with
ordinary "cards;" or in order to obviate the tendency of the fleece when being
stripped thickening towards the selvedges and leaving the centre portion thin
and bare, we place the cards composing the covering or outer surface of the
cylinders of a graduated pitch, that is, those cards covering the centre
periphery of the cylinder are of a finer pitch, and are caused to become

page_text: gradually coarser until they reach the outer edges; by this means the fleece
is doffed from the doffing cylinder; or the same result may be obtained by the
introduction of an intermediate roller supported between the two great
cylinders, the breaker and finisher, the said intermediate roller being graduated
in pitch, so as to transmit on to the front centre of the finisher cylinder &
slight excess of fleece that will when being stripped from the doffer leave the
engine in an even layer or fleece of wool; this fleece is carried in the ordinary
manner by the rollers now employed for the same purpose when manufacturing
narrow widths, which in this case are necessarily extended or elongated so as
to correspond to the width of the fleece delivered from the carding engine;
this fleece is transmitted in the ordinary manner by these carrier rollers,
which place fleece upon fleece until the required thickness is attained, at
which time the accumulated layers of fleece are transferred to the batting
and hardening processes, the frames of which are necessarily extended
in widths to meet the requirement of the full width of felt carpeting under
manufacture.
AN IM- PROVED ARRANGEMENT OR CONSTRUCTION OF ADJUSTABLE WRENCHES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Stuart at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th June
1867.
I, CHARLES STUART, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "AN IM-
PROVED ARRANGEMENT OR CONSTRUCTION OF ADJUSTABLE WRENCHES,"
follows, that is to say:-
The object of the first part of this Invention is the arrangement and
construction of an adjustable wrench in which the retaining power consists of
a liquid, either water, oil, or other suitable substance.
The wrench is constructed as follows:-The lower part of it which consti-
tutes the handle is made cylindrical, and a tubular piece extends from it, at the
upper end of which the lower jaw of the wrench. is situated, the outer or
movable jaw is attached to a bar or rod which passes down through the
tubular piece herein-before referred to, the lower end of the bar or rod is
provided with a piston which fits accurately into the cylindrical handle or
cylinder, and the ends of the cylinder are connected together by a port or
passage, the passage of the liquid through which may at any time be inter-
cepted by turning a stop-cock or valve, and when so intercepted the liquid
completely fills the space in the cylinder on either sides of the piston, thus
rigidly holding the piston in any position. required, and therefore the outer
jaws attached to it, so that when it is necessary to adjust the distance between
the jaws it is only requisite to open the stop-cock or valve and then either
pull out or push in the movable jaw until the required distance of opening is

page_text: obtained, after which the cock or valve is again closed and the distance
between the jaws is rigidly maintained so that the wrench may at once be
applied to the purposes required.
The second part of this Invention relates to a different arrangement of
adjustable wrench, it consists of a stem or handle the upper part of which is
formed with inclined sides in which V or other shaped grooves are cut for the
purpose of receiving the movable jaws, a screw is situated in the piece of
metal between the jaws, by turning which in a right or left hand direction the
jaws are moved upwards or downwards on the inclines, and their distance
apart accordingly regulated. The screw acts upon a T-headed bolt, the ends
of the head of which pass into the jaws.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PAPER FOLDING MACHINES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Livesey at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th June
1867.
I, JAMES LIVESEY, of No. 9, Victoria Chambers, Westminster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PAPER FOLDING
MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of an improved machine for folding papers, whereby
greater accuracy of folding is attained; and also of an improved arrangement
for feeding or laying on the sheets, so that they may be drawn from a pile and
delivered accurately on the table of the machine. Instead of the sheets being
laid on the table of the machine itself, I propose to place the pile of unfolded
papers on a table adjoining the machine; each single paper is then laid to points
or marks, and by means of a travelling clip or gripper is drawn from the pile to
an exact position on the folding machine; it is then forced through a slot in
the table of the machine, or between rollers in the usual way. These clips or
grippers are moved horizontally over the table of the machine, either back-
wards or forwards, or by means of a rotating band of steel or other material;
or each paper is moved from the pile of unfolded sheets to the table of the
folding machine by means of rollers and endless bands travelling over the
table of the machine, and which are caused to stop at the correct point in
order that the sheet may be moved to an exact position on the table of the
folding machine. Under these bands I sometimes place vacuum chambers to
move the sheets by means of adhesion; these chambers I also employ in the

page_text: folding machine to act as guides, and to hold the sheet during the return of
the knife. When the knives are arranged to work upon a centre I employ a
rack and quadrant in order to obtain the required motion, and to prevent the
paper moving on the edge of the knife I insert small needle points. The feed
table on which the pile of unfolded sheets is placed I make to rise and fall
by means of a screw or other arrangement, so that the top of the pile may be.
kept on a level with the grippers or rollers which take in the sheets. Over
the pile of papers I fix guides on which work pointers to indicate the position
to which the papers have to be laid. So as to be able easily to move each
single sheet to these points or guides I employ a tube or small chamber, in
which is created a vacuum made or regulated by the hand, or a striker or flat
surface from which project fine needle points.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHUTTLE TONGUES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jesse Haddock at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd October
1867.
I, JESSE HADDOCK, of Radcliffe, in the County of Lancaster, Shuttle Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHUTTLE TONGUES," to be as follows:-
In shuttles of the usual construction the shuttle tongue is either screwed
into or made of the same piece as the head or tumbler which is hinged to the
shuttle itself. Now my Invention consists in uniting the shuttle tongue to
the head or tumbler by means of a spring or some other analogous contrivance,
so that when the shuttle is stopped by the swell, or the nose of the shuttle is
struck by the picker, the shuttle tongue with the cop upon it can yield, and
thus the liability of knocking the cop off or loosening it is avoided. In con-
necting the tongue to the head I make a taper hole in the head, into which a
taper projection on the tongue fits, and I coil a spring round the end of the
tongue, which spring fits in a hole in the head or tumbler; or the tongue
may be connected to the head by a spring of other shape, the object being to
allow the tongue to yield instead of being rigidly connected to the head or
tumbler.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ZINC
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Swan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th October
1867.
I, DAVID SWAN, junior, of Maryhill, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Spelter Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ZINC," to be as follows, that is to
say:
This Invention has for its object the manufacture of zinc in an improved
and economical manner, and by means which are advantageously applicable
for treating poor or impure ores or other materials containing zinc or its oxide,
and even for treating materials which having undergone the ordinary processes
of manufacture are considered as spent, but which still contain some of the
metal.
The Invention consists in separating the zinc from the materials operated
on, and condensing it in the form of fume which is collected and afterwards
treated by well known processes to obtain the pure metal. For this purpose
a cupola blast furnace, or other convenient furnace is employed, and into it
the ores or materials are introduced with such a quantity of coke or other
carbonaceous matter as is sufficient to bring the entire mass to the heat that
will reduce and volatilise the zinc, when the impurities will sink to the
bottom of the furnace, whence they can be withdrawn from time to time.
In order to collect the zinc fume the furnace is provided with a flue leading
into a series of chambers of sufficient capacity to allow the whole of the
vapors to condense, and the zinc is collected in these chambers and is

page_text: removed thence to be treated in the ordinary way. The furnace is also
provided with valved hoppers for the introduction of the zinc bearing materials
and the coke, and which prevent the admission of air and the escape and
waste of the zinc vapor. The apparatus_referred to is such as is already in
use in similar processes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TENON CUTTING MACHINES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Powis and Jabus Stanley
James at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 21st June 1867.
We, JOHN POWIS and JABUS STANLEY JAMES, of Victoria Works, Belvedere
Road, Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, Engineers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TENON CUTTING MACHINES,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to machinery for cutting double tenons and is
intended chiefly for railway carriage and wagon work.
Our Invention consists in the employment of three horizontal spindles or
shafts carrying the blocks and cutters; the wood is fed to these cutters in
the ordinary manner, and the double tenon is cut at one operation. We
prefer the three spindles to be in the same vertical line, and to drive them by
one strap passed over pulleys on the end of each.
We also prefer to use with this double tenon machine a table with three
slides the bottom slide having a transverse motion to carry the wood through
as the tenons are cut, while the middle slide has a motion at right angles to the
bottom slide, in order to adjust the table to the required depth of tenon, and
the top slide is free to be turned upon a central pivot or swivel so as to
present. the opposite end of the wood to the cutters, after the first end has

page_text: been cut, whereby we ensure the tenons at the two ends being cut perfectly
true or parallel one with another. The motions of the bottom and middle
slides may be produced by threaded shafts while the top slide may be turned
round by hand.
A. NEW MODE OR METHOD OF MAKING ALL KINDS OF WAISTCOATS REVERSIBLE
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Sims at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th May
1867.
I, GEORGE SIMS, of 4, Queen Elizabeth Street, Tooley Street, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A.
NEW MODE OR METHOD OF MAKING ALL KINDS OF WAISTCOATS REVERSIBLE," to be
as follows:-
The construction of the vest is such as to enable the wearer to turn on
reverse it, still the garment will be as regards the outward show not in any
way different to the ordinary waistcoat. It will be made by forming 4 fore-
parts of ordinary waistcoats of two different patterns, and placing one of each
kind together, and working button holes through each forepart, and sewing
the buttons on the back end of each button hole. The edges being bound
prevents the different colours being seen, and enables a person to wear which
side he pleases outward (that makes it the reversible waistcoat). They
can be made single breast, role collars, or double breast, with or without
collars; or single breast, with or without collars. The collars are formed
by making a seam, or putting on binding. The buttons on the double-
breasted waistcoat must be sewn on the back of the buttons on the other
side. They can be made of single stuff; they are made up like the others
with binding, but being single they cannot have any pockets (except
patch pockets), only sham welts bound. They can be made in any and
every quality, colour, & substance to suit the tastes and wants of the

page_text: customer. The utility of the waistcoat is, that it is of infinite use to the
tourist & commercial traveller, it being reversible. One of these reversible
waistcoats is equal to two ordinary waistcoats, being a change of pattern, and
the security of three inside pockets, and the appearance of the vest not in the
least altered. They afford greater security and economy than any vest ever
offered to the public. In addition to the above this useful and novel article
could be obtained for nearly the same price as ordinary waistcoats.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING BETWEEN PASSENGERS, GUARDS, AND DRIVERS OF RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William James Baker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
February 1867.
I, WILLIAM JAMES BAKER, of No. 153, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING BETWEEN
PASSENGERS, GUARDS, AND DRIVERS OF RAILWAY TRAINS," to be as follows:-
I suspend on pulleys under each carriage and van, or other vehicle forming
a railway train, a strong cord or rope (herein-after referred to as "the signal
cord") having at either end a hook for coupling or uniting the signal cord used
for one carriage, van, or vehicle to the signal cord used for the next carriage,
van, or vehicle, and so on throughout the train. One or more of the pulleys
supporting the signal cord under each carriage or van is attached to a weight,
which is suspended by a wire or cord from a handle placed inside the carriage
or van within convenient reach of the passengers or guards in such a manner
as that on the handle being pulled out the weight and attached pulley are
disengaged and allowed to drop, thus bringing the signal cord into contact
with a set of hooks or catches attached to one or more of the axles of the
wheels of the carriage or van and revolving with them, and which hooks or
catches take hold of and in their revolution wind up the signal cord in both

page_text: directions, namely, from front and rear of the train with sufficient force as
well to sound a bell or gong connected to the signal cord in the guard's van,
as also to actuate a lever attached to the whistle on the engine. Either the
bell or gong in the guard's van or the whistle in the engine, or both, can be
connected or attached as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF VULCANIZABLE COMPOUNDS, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES THEREFROM
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Grainger Tandy at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th August
1867.
I, GEORGE GRAINGER TANDY, of Anerley Road, Penge, in the County of
Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF VULCANIZABLE COMPOUNDS, AND IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES THEREFROM," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, 1st, in an improvement in the mode of preparing
compounds of india-rubber and sulphur or other vulcanizable gums or resins
used for making ebonite or vulcanite, so as to render them more plastic than
is
can at present be attained, whereby a great amount of labor and expense
saved. Hitherto little or no solvent has been used in these compounds in
consequence of the great amount of porosity resulting from the escape of the
vapours generated during the process of vulcanization (or hardening). This
I entirely overcome by exposing the moulded articles to a sufficiently high
temperature to expel the solvent previous to subjecting them to the indurating
process, and I find that by using petroleum spirit not having a higher specific
gravity than 630 (although a higher specific gravity may be used) the expulsion.
is easily effected, and that the resulting vulcanite or ebonite will be of a much
more elastic and tougher nature than that-produced-without the aid of such

page_text: solvent. This method is particularly applicable to dentists in the formation
of palates, where lightness, toughness, and flexibility are of the utmost
importance.
2ndly. By the aid of the dough or paste prepared as above described I am
enabled thoroughly to unite any article or piece of hard ebonite that may have
been broken by cleaning or washing the surfaces to be united with bisulphide
of carbon, petroleum spirit, or other hydrocarbon.
I also apply coatings of colored dough or paste on surfaces of black ebonite,
the latter being of a much tougher and stronger nature. I am thus enabled
to produce articles having the appearance of being entirely prepared from the
colored compound, but possessing all the qualities of the black ebonite.
In applying these coatings I either make thin solutions and apply the same
with a brush or otherwise, or I make a thin sheet from the paste and apply
in the same manner as before described for repairing breakages.
By the term dough or paste I mean a compound of rubber and sulphur or
other vulcanizable compound previous to induration.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Brooks at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th October
1867.
I, JOHN BROOKS, of the City of Bristol, Accountant, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER,
AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in applying the motion or power obtained from að
endless screw and a toothed or screw wheel, or from a worm and a worm
wheel as a motive power for driving locomotives, ships, railway and other
carriages, for working stationary engines, cranes, and other apparatus, and for
use generally where motive power is required, the said power being applied
either alone or in conjunction with steam or other power. The endless screw
or worm has rotary motion imparted to it by a crank handle, or where great
power is required by steam or other power. The endless screw or worm
gears into a toothed or worm wheel which is thus caused to rotate, and I
transmit the motion by gearing or connecting appliances to the parts required
to be driven.
In applying my Invention for driving an omnibus or common road carriage,.
for example, I mount on the axle of the driving wheels a toothed pinion into
which the wheel driven by the endless screw or worm gears; thus as.the endless.
screw or worm is caused to rotate the toothed or worm wheel. drives the
pinion, and consequently the driving wheels of the carriage, which, thereby.
receives the necessary forward movement.
AN IMPROVED COMBINED LIFT AND FORCE PUMP
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Luke Williams at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th October
1867. A communication from abroad by Stephen Matthews, of the
ship Jumna, in the Port of Calcutta, India.
I, LUKE WILLIAMS, of Fenchurch Street, in the City of London, do hereby
I declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED COMBINED LIFT AND
FORCE PUMP," a communication from Stephen Matthews, of the ship Jumna,
in the Port of Calcutta, India, to be as follows:-
The object and intention of this Invention is to enable an ordinary pump
to throw a constant stream of water with only one foot valve. Whereas pumps
as heretofore constructed and known as double-acting pumps employed in
engineering and mining operations and in ships require several valves, the
objection to which is the difficulty of getting at the valves readily when out of
order, and of ascertaining the precise valve that is out of order. Pumps of
this construction are also costly. The means by which I propose to remedy
these objections and to render the pump less costly are as follows:-
To a suitable casting or valve box containing the foot valve of the pump
placed immediately over the suction pipe I connect three barrels, the area of
the middle barrel being equal to the combined area of the two outer barrels.
The middle barrel is fitted with a ram, and the said barrel is fixed immediately
over the foot valve of the pump, the other barrels are each fitted with a
bucket, and the rods thereof, as also that of the ram, are connected by their
upper ends to a crosshead, the ends whereof work in guides, and to this said

page_text: crosshead a connecting rod is attached communicating with any suitable prime
mover. The kind of valve I propose to employ is an equilibrium valve well
known by miners as the Cornish valve.
Another important feature in this Invention consists in adapting a hinged
or sliding door to the valve box by which access can be readily had to the valve
when necessary. The barrels containing the buckets are connected together
by a branch pipe so as to form one outlet for the flow of water.
buckets move up and down together, the down stroke of the ram forces the
water through the buckets, and the up stroke thereof forms a partial vacuum
in the barrels, by which they are again filled with water, at the same time
the buckets are forcing the water out of their respective barrels, and by these
means a continuous stream of water may be raised and thrown. Instead of
three barrels two only may be used, one fitted with a ram and the other with
a bucket, the action being precisely the same, namely, to raise and throw a
constant stream of water.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF BALE TIE OR FASTENING
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
March 1867. A communication from abroad by Osborne Macdaniel, of
New York City, in the United States of America.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF BALE TIE OR
FASTENING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improvement in metal ties for securing bands
of hoop iron on cotton and other bales and packages, and consists in forming
them of wire or small rod iron by bending the wire into the shape of a stirrup
or yoke with hook and eye terminations. The ends of the hoop iron are bent
over and folded flat against the bale ready to receive the metal tie, and thus
both the tie and the ends of the hoop lie close and even on the bale and expose
no projections, neither can the fastening slip nor break away. under the most,
powerful strain or concussion that the hoop itself will sustain. It may be
somewhat modified in form and mode of connection by using either double
yokes connected, or a single yoke connected with a tongue or cross bar by
means of hooks and eyes. Ju one form the tie or fastening is formed of two
yokes connected permanently together at one end by interlocking eyes. The
free ends being passed through the loop formed by the folded down ends of the

page_text: bale band are then connected together by a hook on one yoke
a hook on one yoke taking into an
eye of the other.
A modification of this tie is substituting a straight bar or tongue for one of
the yokes and coupling it to the yoke by interlocking eyes; the other end of
the yoke is furnished with a hook to receive the end of the tongue or straight 5
bar.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN RABBIT AND VERMIN TRAPS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Shave at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd December 1867.
J, WILLIAM SHAVE, of Sturminster, Wimborn, in the County of Dorset, Trap
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN RABBIT AND VERMIN TRAPS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of rabbit and
vermin traps, and more particularly to that class of traps known as the
"Dorset trap" and consists in connecting the trigger and plate with the
spring direct, when setting the trap, in lieu of the separate cross piece and
tongue at present employed for that purpose, as by this means greater cheapness
in the manufacture is obtained, and simplicity in the mode of setting the trap
is effected, whilst at the same time it affords facility for reducing the height
of the trap, and thereby enables it to be more concealed when set.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SADDLES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Donat Edmond McMahon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
June 1867.
on the 14th
I, DONAT EDMOND M°MAHON, of the Camp, Aldershot, Lieutenant
Military Train, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SADDLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in saddles. In constructing
pack saddles I form the saddletrees in such manner as admit of of their being.
adjusted to the animal which is to carry the saddle. For this
purpose I
connect the saddletrees together at the top over the back of the animal by
two screws the one over the other, which when turned draw the parts in which
they are fitted together, or cause them to recede, as the case may be, and the
two screws can be independently adjusted so that the size of the saddle at
the withers and over the ribs can be separately regulated. Each screw has a
ball or globe formed on its stem which is received into and retained in a
corresponding socket or recess in the upper part of the saddletree, so that the
screw becomes firmly connected with the saddletree, but has the freedom of
motion which the ball and socket joint admits. Each screw extends across
into the saddletree on the other side and there screws into a cylindrical nut
which is contained in a corresponding socket or recess in this saddletree; the
screw passes through the cylindrical nut in a diametrical direction. The nut
is able to rotate upon its axis within its recess to admit of the freedom of

page_text: motion required for the adjustment, but otherwise it is firmly secured to the
saddletree.
Each pack saddle has two pair of trees thus arranged, the one at the back
the other at the front; they are connected together by side bars and also by
a bar passing from one pair to the other over the back of the animal in the
centre line of the saddle; this bar is formed with a face plate at each end,
and each face plate has two slotted holes in in it, one on either side of the bar,
and screw bolts are passed through these holes and also through the upper
parts of the saddletrees and receive locking nuts beyond. These nuts are
slackened whilst the adjustment is being effected, and when they are after-
wards screwed up the whole structure is rendered rigid; the nuts may be
formed with rings for the attachment of parts of the harness. Military riding
saddles may be rendered adjustable in size by the application of screws in a
similar manner.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF CELL FOR GALVANIC BATTERIES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Joseph Francis Hubert
Foveaux at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 6th December 1867.
I, HENRY JOSEPH FRANCIS HUBERT FOVEAUX, of the Firm of John Weiss
and Son, of the Strand, in the City of Westminster, Surgical Instrument
Makers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
CONSTRUCTION OF CELL FOR GALVANIC BATTERIES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing cells for galvanic batteries in such
manner that when the cell is in one position the fluid surrounds the battery
metals, and when the cell is reversed the fluid is out of contact with the
metals.
I prefer to carry out my Invention as follows:-I divide the cell by means
of a false bottom into two compartments, one of which contains the battery
metals; the false bottom preferably consists of a diaphragm with an aperture
in the middle. When the compartment which contains the metals is at the
bottom the fluid surrounds them, but by simply reversing the cell the fluid
flows through the diaphragm into the other compartment out of contact with
In order to prevent any of the fluid getting into the nietals
compartment during carriage I close the aperture in the diaphragm by a plug
inserted through an opening formed by taking off a screw cap in the end of
the metals.
the cell.

page_text: I do not limit myself to the particular mode described of forming two
compartments, my Invention consisting essentially in constructing cells so
that the fluid is in contact with the metals when the cell is in one position,
and out of contact with the metals when the cell is reversed. In some cases
I only employ one compartment which I make sufficiently long for the fluid
to be out of contact with the battery metals when the cell is reversed.
AN IMPROVED COWL FOR CHIMNEY Tops
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Field and Frederic Pelham
Warren at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 20th December 1867.
We, EDWARD FIELD, of Chandos Chambers, Adelphi, in the City of
Westminster, Consulting Engineer, and FREDERIC PELHAM WARREN, of
Norwood, in the County of Surrey, Commander in the Royal Navy, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED COWL FOR CHIMNEY
Tops," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improved cowl for chimney tops, and
according thereto the chimney top is provided with a loose cap the lower
edge of which extends somewhat below the upper edge of the chimney top,
and this cap is supported by a shaft, spindle, or arms so that the effect of the
wind blowing in any given direction against the side of the cap will be to
force that side of the cap against the chimney top and so protect the latter
from any undue action of the wind, and thus permit the uninterrupted exit of
the smoke at the other side between the upper edge of the chimney top and
the lower edge of the cap.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONVERTING THE GASEOUS PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION INTO COMBUSTIBLE GASES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Denton Abel at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th May
1867. A communication from abroad by Nicolas Lebedeff, Mining
Engineer, of St. Petersburg, in the Empire of Russia.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR
CONVERTING THE GASEOUS PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION INTO COMBUSTIBLE GASES:"-
This Invention has for its object to utilize in a very advantageous manner
the waste heat of furnaces and fire-places. It consists mainly in employing
such heat to effect the regeneration of the gaseous products of combustion
from the furnace or fire-place, that is, to convert such gases, which consist
mainly of carbonic acid and vapour of water, into combustible gases, such as
carbonic oxide and hydrogen. For this purpose the products of combustion
are made to pass from the furnace partly through a cylinder of refractory
material filled with carbonaceous matter, and partly through a space sur-
rounding such cylinder so as to heat the carbonaceous matter contained
therein. By this means that portion of the gases which passes through the
cylinder is converted into combustible gases, as above stated, which may be
used for heating purposes either in the same furnace or elsewhere. The other
portion of the gases, after imparting a portion of their heat to the contents of
the cylinder, may be conducted into a chamber where they are employed to

page_text: heat the air required for the furnace, which air is for this purpose conducted
through a series of pipes in such chamber. Dampers or valves are provided
for regulating the quantity-and-velocity of the gases_passing_through-the
-apparatus: The cylinder is enclosed in a brick chamber, at the top of which
is a hopper provided with a slide for introducing the fuel, while access is
gained through an aperture to the bottom of the chamber for removing the
ashes from time to time; a passage or flue communicating with the bottom of
the chamber conducts the converted gases to wherever required.
A SELF-CLOSING BOTTLE STOPPER AND KEY
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Phineas Davis Collins at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th February
1867.
I, PHINEAS DAVIS COLLINS, of No. 4, Little St. James Street, St. James',
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "A SELF-CLOSING BOTTLE STOPPER AND KEY," to be as follows:-
The application of a spiral or other spring to the inside of the neck of the
bottle, jar, or other vessel, attached to which is a stopper composed of an
india-rubber, gutta percha, leather, or other substance unaffected by the
action of gas, liquids, chemicals, acids, or spirits, connected to the spiral or
other spring by a handle, by means of two pieces of metal one at the top &
the other at the bottom of said stopper, this stopper being placed inside &
below the neck of the bottle, jar, or vessels so that when depressed by the action
or pressure of the spring an opening or vacuum is produced, and the contents
of the bottle, jar, or other vessels when filled can be emptied, or if empty the
bottle, jar, or other vessel can be filled. The key used in depressing said spring
is composed of a hollow tube fitting into the neck of the bottle and resting on
the spring, depressing same and giving ingress or egress to the contents of said
bottle, jar, or vessel, thro' the same. By means of a support or groove around
the outside of the neck of the bottle, jar, or vessel the key can be kept in
position, and the bottle, jar, or vessel be made to remain open as long as required.