CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPA- RATUS FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Habel, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Machinist, and Edmund Suckow, ofthe same Place, Machinist,
'for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPA-
RATUS FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES,"
Sealed the 28th July 1863, and dated the 2nd March 1863.
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Habel and
Edmund Suckow at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 2nd March 1863.
We, EDWARD HABEL, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist,
and EDMUND SUCкow, of the same Place, Machinist, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR PREPARING SPINNING, AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
Our improvements consist in a novel and peculiar arrangement and con-
struction of apparatus, one part of which is equally applicable to spinning yarn
eitherin the form of "cops "or bobbins, the other being particularly applicable
to spinning cops. Both may be described as follows:-The spindle upon which
the cop or bobbin is formed has a bearing in a footstep in a "copping rail,"
and is supported at a higher point by a hollow stud, upon which revolves a
busb, terminating in a cylindrical case, which encircles the spindles, and is
sufficiently wide to admit the formation of a cop or bobbin within it, and is
driven by a band passing round a pulley thereon. From the upper edge of this.
case a wire extends, either short and simply bent, or formed like an arch or
L

page_text: cone; when the arch is employed it is provided with an "oilet" formed in a
piece of metal by a curved slot terminating in a round hole at the apex, and
others at convenient distances on the wire if required, by which means the
yarn passes and is spun directly from the drawing rollers to the cop or bobbin.
The second portion of the Invention is particularly applicable for spinning
cops, and consists, first, in the employment and use of a short spindle having
a plate or washer at the lower end; the spindle is steadied at its upper
extremity by entering an aperture in a bent wire or rod extending above the
spindle somewhat in the form of an arch or cone, the ends of such wire
being secured in a collar which is attached to the driving pulley, and the
lower end of the spindle is steadied by entering an aperture in a vertical rod
or elongated footstep passing through the stud supporting the whole in the
framing.
A third part of the Invention consists in a novel method of effecting a drag
on the spindle by means of a curved piece of metal upon which the plate or
washer bears, and which is attached to and actuated by means of a wire
passing down a slot in the rod or spindle footstep, and terminating in a "tail-
piece" formed at right angles, which are connected together by a rod or wire
throughout the length of the machine; the effect of the drag upon the washer
and spindle will decrease as it approaches the spindle or centre, and increase
as it is turned outwards to come in contact with a larger surface. I would here
remark that this drag" is applicable to all descriptions of spinning machinery
where any drag is employed. The copping motion may be obtained by cams,
as in the ordinary manner, or by the improved means of a rotating disc having
two studs acting upon a bell-crank lever, such studs being caused to diverge
from the centre of the disc in a self-acting manner by means of right and
left-handed screws and spurwheels, oval eccentric spur gearing being employed
to drive the aforesaid disc, by which means a variable motion is obtained to
shape the cop."
66
A fourth part of the Invention relates to a novel arrangement and con-
struction of apparatus to act as a guide for delivering the yarn on to the cop
or bobbin, and consists in a light metallic ring formed with two depressions,
so as to partly encircle each vertical wire of the aforesaid arch or cone, so as
to prevent unequal strain; this ring is furnished with an eye for the yarn,
and revolves with the cone or arch, and within a metallic channel or case,
which rises and falls like the ordinary lifting rail, and thus the yarn is wound.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edward Habel and Edmund Suckow in the Great Seal:
Patent Office on the 1st September 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, EDWARD
HABEL, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist, and EDMUND
SUCKow, of the same Place, Machinist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Edward Habel and Edmund Suckow, Her special license that we, the
said Edward Habel and Edmund Suckow, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said Edward Habel and Edmund Suckow,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,.
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING COTTON AND
OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the
said Edward Habel and Edmund Suckow, our executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Edward Habel and Edmund Suckow,.
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to
say):-
Our improvements consist in a novel and peculiar arrangement and con-
struction of apparatus, one part of which is equally applicable to preparing
cotton and spinning and doubling yarn either in the form of "cops" or bobbins,
the other being particularly applicable to spinning cops. Both may be described
as follows:-The spindle upon which the cop or bobbin is formed has a
bearing in a footstep in a "copping " or lifting rail," and is supported at a

page_text: higher point by a hollow stud, upon which revolves a bush terminating in a
cylindrical case, which encircles the spindles,and is sufficiently wide to admit
the formation of a cup or bobbin, or a tube or bobbin within it, and is driven
by a band passing round a pulley thereon; from the upper edge of this case a
wire extends, either short and simply bent, or formed like an arch or cone;
when the arch is employed, it is provided with an eyelet (formed in a piece
of metal by a round hole and a slot diagonal to it) at the apex, and others.
convenient distances on the wire if required, by which means the yarn passes
and is spun directly from the drawing rollers to the cop or bobbin.
at
The second portion of the Invention is particularly applicable to spinning
cops, and consists, first, in the employment and use of a short spindle having
a plate or washer at the lower end; the spindle is steadied at its upper.
extremity by entering an aperture in a bent wire or rod extending above the
spindle somewhat in the form of an arch or cone, the ends of such wire being
secured in a collar which is attached to the driving pulley, and the lower.end
of the spindle is steadied by entering an aperture in a vertical rod or elongated
footstep passing through the stud supporting the whole in the framing.
A third part of the Invention consists in a novel method of effecting a drag
on the solid or hollow spindle by means of a curved or straight piece of metal
upon which the plate or washer bears, and which is attached to and actuated
by means of a wire passing down a slot in the rod or spindle footstep, and
terminating in a "tail-piece" formed at right angles, which are connected
together by a rod or wire throughout the length of the machine; the effect
of the drag upon the washer and spindle will decrease as it approaches the
spindle or centre, and increase as it is turned outwards to come in contact
with a larger surface. We would remark that the drag is applicable to all
descriptions of spinning and doubling machinery where any drag is employed.
The copping motion may be obtained by cams as in the ordinary manner, or
by the improved means of a rotating or semi-rotating disc having two studs
acting upon a bell-crank lever, such studs being caused to diverge from the
centre of the disc in a self-acting manner by means of right and left-handed
screws and spur wheels, oval eccentric spur gearing or cam being employed to
drive the aforesaid disc, by which means a variable motion is obtained to
"shape the cop."
A fourth part of the Invention relates to a novel arrangement and construc-
tion of apparatus to act as a guide for delivering the yarn on to the cop or
bobbin, and consists in a light metallic ring peculiarly formed so as to encircle
each vertical wire of the aforesaid arch or cone, so as to prevent unequal
strain; this ring is furnished with an eye or hook for the yarn, and revolves
11

page_text: with the cone or arch, and within a metallic channel or case which rises and
falls like the ordinary lifting rail, and thus the yarn is wound on the cop...
In order that the Invention may be better understood and explained in
detail we have hereunto annexed two Sheets of Drawings, the. Figures in,
Sheet 1 being made about full size, and those in Sheet 2 being about one.
inch and a half to the foot; similar letters of reference being marked upon
corresponding parts throughout the Figures.
In Sheet 1, Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional view, shewing the peculiar arrange-
ment and construction of the spindle, cylindrical case,and bush in connection
withour peculiar arrangement of apparatus for regulating the dragasemployed
for spinning cops or doubling yarn, Fig. 2 is a side elevation, and Fig. 3 is,
a plan view of the same. In these Figures, a is the spindle, which does not
rotate, but, is secured by the screw 6 in the lifting or "copping rail" c, and is
supported by the hollow stud d fixed on a stationary rail, upon which the.
bush erevolves, and which terminates in the cylindrical case.f, which encircles.
the spindle, and within which the cop is formed, the said cylindrical case.
being driven by the pulley e¹. From the upper extremity of this case the
guide wire h extends, either simply bent,as shewn in Fig. 1,or shaped like an
arch,as hereafter described; this guidewire receives the yarn from the drawing.
rollers, and guides it on to the "cop." as the inner spindle rises, and falls in.
the case. In this method of spinning cops they are formed on a short hollow
skewer.i, terminating in a plate or flange a', whichich bears upon a curved or
straight piece of metal k,or other suitable material, and by means of which the
"drag" is affected upon the said hollow skewer i; this piece of metal k is con-
nected by means of the wire l, which passes down a slot in the spindle to the tail-
piece m, bymeansof which the said piecek is caused to move constantlyoutward.
and inward from and to the centre of the spindle (plan view, Fig. 3, shewing..
both extreme positions of the same), as the "cop" is built, or the yarn l
laid:
on the cone part of the cop, so as to increase the "drag" gradually when the
yarn is laid on towards the base of the conical part of the cop, and to lessen
the drag gradually when the yarn is laid on towards the top of the cone part
or if preferred two pieces of metal may be arranged to effect the drag so as to
balance each other; this motion is effected and controlled by the "copping":
motion hereafter described, or in any other convenient manner.
Fig. 4 is a sectional view of the method of applying this "drag regulator.".
to the ordinary throstle and doubling spindle, and Fig. 5. is a plan view. The
curved part k on which the bobbin bears forms one piece with the arm m, the
whole turning round a pivot m² inserted in the lifting rail, and which may be.
adjusted to any drag required by means of and connecting rod or wire m....

page_text: Figs. 6 and 7 are respectively a sectional view and elevation of the appa-
ratus as designed and arranged for spinning or doubling yarn on spools or
bobbins, wherein the cylindrical case fis increased in width, and furnished with
the arch or "arch flyer "h, having an "eyelet "g at its apex, and guides g' to
guide the yarn on to the bobbin n; Fig. 7 exhibits a method wherethisarrange-
ment may be made to work, or supported in suitable railings instead of the
hollow stud.
Figs. 8 and 9 exhibit respectively a vertical section and an elevation, and
Figs. 10 and 11 plans of the apparatus as arranged for the "preparation" of
fibrous materials, and as employed in roving and slubbing frames. Here we
employ again the hollow stud d, which carries the revolving bush e with the
cylindrical casef, to this latter a ring o is attached, to which is secured a
tubular guide h¹, similar to the common roving flyer. The spindle a carries
the bobbin n, which is sufficiently hollow to pass over the bush e, and which
spindle bears in a footstep on the lifting rail c, and which spindle a and case f
may be driven by bevil gearing as shewn, or other convenient arrangement.
Figs. 12 and 13 are respectivelyavertical sectionalviewand and an elevation,
and Figs. 14 and 15 plan views of a further modification of the apparatus em-
ployed for spinning and doubling yarn and forming it into "cops," wherein a
short spindle a, having a plate or flange a¹ at its lower end,is employed, upon
which to form the "cop." This short spindle is steated at its upper end in a
bearing formed in the pillar p, attached to the apex of the arch flyer h¹, and
the lower end of the spindleprojecting underneath the plate or flange turnsin
a bearing in a rod or elongated footstep 2, which in this arrangement is
secured in the hollow stud d. The arrangement for regulating the drag as
described in Figs. 1, 2, and 3 is also employed. In this instance k is the
curved part on which the spindle bears by means of the plate attached to it.
The part k is connected with the wire passing down the slot in the elongated
footstep 9, terminating in the tail or arm-piece m, by means of which it is
moved. The before-described "eyelet "g forms one piece with the pillar,
and the pillar may be made separate, as shewn in Fig. 12, so as to employ
either right or left-handed "eyelets" or otherwise. When separate, the same
may be fixed to the apex of the arch by a screw orother convenient means so
asto be changeable for right and left-handed twist as in spinning and doubling,
or we may employ the common curl or spiralin connection with the pillar and
arch flyer, as in Fig. 12b,iustead of the "eyelet" as described before. The yarn
is guided on to the "cop" by means of a light ringr. This ring is provided
with one or more eyes or hooks, and bent in a peculiar form to encircle both
verticle parts of the "arch flyer "h', so as to prevent an unequal strain and to

page_text: be balanced when revolving. This ring revolves in a metallic channel, groove,"
or cases, which rises and falls, governed by the copping motion. Thus the yarn:
delivered by the drawing rollers passing through the eyelet or curl at the apex
of the arch flyer to the eye or hook of the ring is in this manner laid properly.
on the cop. This arrangement as here described and designed is particularly..
applicable to spinning finer qualities and weft, and may be also arranged for.
bobbins by widening the space of the "arch flyer." An arrangement shewn
in Fig. 12 by (dotted lines) may be employed for lifting the bushes with:
their respective arch flyers so as to facilitate doffing; likewise the top of the.
hollow stud d, shewn in Fig. 17, may be made cylindrical instead of being.
curved.
Fig. 16 shews an arrangement of the spindle and flange and the footstep.
employed when very fine or very loose yarn is to be spun, in which instance the
flange a¹ is slightly dished or hollowed, and the footstep is so adjusted that the
curved parts k of the "drag regulator" when close to the spindle, will not come
into contact with the flange a¹, so that the spindle will only be retarded by the
slight friction of the bearing, and. the breaking of the yarn will thereby be.
prevented.
It will be understood from this description that the peculiar arrangement
as described for regulating the drag is required, as the hollow skewer i in,
Fig. 1 and the short spindle a in Figs. 12 and 13 are not driven by motive
power but by the tension of the yarn or thread.
In Sheet 2, Fig. 1 exhibits a vertical sectional view representing the arrange..
ment of apparatus last described as applied and adapted to a spinning frame;.
Fig. 2 is a front view of the same.
Fig. 3 represents a vertical section of a roving frame having our improve-.
ments applicable thereto attached.
Fig. 4 represents an end view of the spinning frame commonly called the
"head,"exhibiting particularly the means and apparatus for moving either the
lifting rail supporting the guide rings, as shewn in Fig. 1 by w, or the copping
rail (c, in Sheet 1, Figs. 1 and 2) and for effecting the "copping motion" for
the formation or shaping of the "cops," t is a rotating or reciprocating "disc,"
in which the studs t1, t2,slide, the distance between these studs being gradually.
increased during the building of the bottom of the "cop" by means of right.
and left handed screws, actuated by spur wheels ³ or other suitable gearing..
The spur or rack wheel is actuated by a catch u fixed to one end of a lever u³,
having a tail-piece attached to it at the other end by a joint, which is acted
upon by a cam from one of the lifting shafts; as soon as the bottom of the
"cop" is formed, the cam u² will have moved the tail-piece supporting the

page_text: yarn to
'cop; "
lever from a stud ³, and the frame (see Drawing)and the lever moving round
its fulcrum lifts the catch out of gear. The said disc is caused to rotate or
semi-rotate in a portion of a circle by an arrangement hereafter described; the
studs t, t, act upon the vertical parts of the bell-crank levers v, v, and so, by
alternately depressing and raising the horizontal arm thereof, the "copping"
or "lifting" rails w, w, are raised and lowered by means of the cord or
chains, v, upon which the levers v, n, act, one end of such chains being
attached to the chain pulleys v2 for moving rails, and the other ends being
attached to the screw x, which is gradually lowered so as to allow the
be wound nearer the top of the spindle during the formation of the "
this is effected by means of the worm wheels and pulleys z, z. When one set
of cops are filled, the rails are brought to the required position by turning the
wheel y¹,and the disc studs are likewise brought together again by turning the
right and left handed screw to commence again, the rod or wire m' governing
the curved plates beneath. All the spindles or hollow skewers may also be
actuated from this mechanism through the rod 3 and the small bell-crank
lever 4; to this bell-crank lever we also connect a ratchet or stop wheel
with a lever catch, in order to effect the required drag. Fig. 5ª and " are
front views, and Fig. 5° is a plun of the disc with part sections of a slide and
screw. The disc may becaused to rotate by an arrangement of oval wheels 2,2,
as shewn in Fig. 6, or by eccentric wheels 3, 3, as seen in Fig. 7, or it may be
made to reciprocate, as seen in Fig. 8, elevation, and Fig. 9, plan view, by a
combination of a cam 4 and lever 5, the latter being attached to the shaft 1
of the disc; the quick motion of the lifting rail when the lever descends from
the termination of the cam, so as to begin a new lift, may be checked by a
spring 6, or by a curved part on the cam shewn in dotted lines. We would
remark, that the hollow steadying bush d in Sheet 1 may, if required, and as
a modification, be dispensed with.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, together with the
method of carrying the same into practical effect, we wish it to be distinctly
understood that we claim,-
First, the novel arrangement, construction, and combination of the parts
constituting the improvements in preparing, spinning, and doubling fibrous
materials, as herein-before described and particularly shewn in Sheet 1 of the
Drawings.
· Secondly, the novel employment and use of a short spindle turning in
bearings on both ends, whereupon the cop or bobbin is to be formed. This
spindle, which does not much exceed the length of the cops or bobbin, may be
made solid or hollow, and of any convenient material; and also the application

page_text: and use of a fixed or detachable "eyelet" or guide at the apax of the arched
wire or cone to receive the yarn from the front rollers.
Thirdly, we claim the peculiar arrangement of effecting and regulating the
drag by means of one or more moving pieces of metal upon the solid or hollow
spindles and bobbins, as fully explained and described, and also the novel form
and construction of the ring guide and casing for guiding the yarns on to the
cop, as herein-before described and shewn in Sheet 1 of the Drawings.
And,lastly,we claim the improved construction and combination of apparatus
for effecting the rise and fall of the "copping" or lifting rails, and for gradually
lowering them as the cop is filled,as herein-before described,set forth,and fully
illustrated in Sheet 2 of the Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said Edward Habel and Edmund Suckow,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-eighth day of
August, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-three.
EDWARD HABEL. (L.S.)
EDMUND SUCKOW. (L.S.)