IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING PULP FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE USED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Tertius Burton, of Aylesbury, in the
County of Bucks, for the Invention of " IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING
PULP FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO
BE USED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE."
Sealed the 16th January 1872, and dated the 28th August 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Tertius Burton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 28th August 1871.
I, CHARLES TERTIUS BURTON, of Aylesbury, in the County of Bucks,
5 do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN OBTAINING PULP FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER, AND IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS TO BE USED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE," to be as follows :—
The Invention relates, firstly, to an improved machine for cutting
the shreds of wood for the purpose of pulping, and secondly, to an

page_text: improved process of pulping and bleaching the said shreds of wood for
the manufacture of paper.
The machine which I use for producing the shreds of wood for pulping
is constructed as follows:-The log or balk of pine, spruce, fir, or other
timber to be shredded is secured on a table, which is caused to move
to and fro on slides a distance slightly exceeding the length of the
timber, by means of toothed racks and pinions, or other similar gearing,
like the bed of an ordinary planing machine. Above this table is a
transverse bar, to which are secured a series of lancet-shaped blades
or knives fixed closely together and capable of cutting in both direc-
tions. These blades are so arranged and adjusted as to make a scries
of shallow longitudinal cuts in the upper surface of the balk from
one end to the other as the table moves to and fro. On each side of
the knife bar is a plane iron of a breath sufficient to cover the whole
width of the balk. One of these plane irons cuts each way, and 1
following the knives cuts fine longitudinal shreds off the surface of
the timber. Between cach cut either the knife bar and plane irons
must be caused to descend slightly so as to take a fresh cut, or the
bed or table carrying the balk must be raised in a proportionate degree,
and this movement may be effected by means of screws acted on by
the bed or table at or near the end of its traverso, or in any other
convenient manner.
After the shavings or shreds of wood have been cut by this machine
(or by any other similar apparatus), I place them in a vat or tank and
soak them in a cold solution of chloride of lime, and add thereto such 2
a quantity of common lime as may be required by the size and thickness
of the shavings or shreds. The action of this solution is to cause the
shreds to become perfectly soft and flexible, and they are then ready
to be submitted to the action of the ordinary beating engine by means
of which the fibre is all drawn out and reduced to a pulp. I then 3
bleach the pulp in the usual way by means of a weak solution of
chloride of lime, and after washing the same it may be converted into
paper in the ordinary manner.
I

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles Tertius Burton in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 28th February 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
TERTIUS BURTON, of Aylesbury, in the County of Bucks, send grecting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the
thirty-fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Charles Tertius Burton, Her special
licence that I, the said Charles Tertius Burton, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles Tertius Burton,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS
IN OBTAINING PULP FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER, AND IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS TO BE USED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Charles Tertius Burton, my executors or ad-
ministrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Tertius Burton, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, that is to say :—
The Invention has for object the production of wood pulp for making
paper without destroying the fibre of the wood, by an improved process
which obviates the necessity of boiling, and consists, firstly, in an
improved machine for cutting the shreds or shavings of wood for
the purpose of pulping, and, secondly, in an improved process and

page_text: .
machine for pulping the said shreds or shavings of wood for the
manufacture of paper.
The machine whicļi I use for producing the shreds or shavings of
wood for pulping, which I call my improved pulping machino, is con-
structed as follows:-The log or balk of pine, spruce, fir, or other timber
to be shredded or shaved is secured on a table, which is caused to move
to and fro on slides a distance slightly exceeding the length of the
timber by means of toothed racks and pinions, or other similar gearing
like those on the bed of an ordinary planing machine. Above this
table is a transverse bar to which are secured a series of lancet shaped
blades or knives fixed closely together, and capable of cutting in both
directions. These blades are so arranged and adjusted as to make a
series of shallow longitudinal cuts in the upper surface from one end
to the other of the balk as the table moves to and fro. On each side
of the knife bar is a plane iron of a broadth sufficient to cover the 1
whole width of the balk. One of these plane irons cuts each way,..
and following the knives cuts fine longitudinal shreds off the surface
of the timber in such thicknesses as may be required by the duc
adjustment of the knives and planes of the cutting machine. Between
· each cut either the knife bar and plane irons must be caused to 2
descend slightly so as to take a fresh cut, or the bed or table carrying
the balk must be raised in a proportionate degree, and this movement
may be effected by means of screws acted on by the bed or table at
or near the end of its traverse, or in any other convenient manner.
.Should it be desirable to cut up small pieces of waste timber instead 2
of large balks, an ordinary machine with a rotary wheel covered with
knife blades adjusted according to the thickness of the shavings
required, and fed in the ordinary manner, can be used.
After the shavings or shreds of wood have been cut by one of the
herein-before described machines (or by any other suitable apparatus), 3
I place them in a vat or tank and soak them in a cold solution of
chloride of lime, and add thereto such a quantity of common lime as
may be required by the size and thickness of the shavings or shreds
to be operated upon. The action of this solution is such as to cause the
sbreds to become soft and flexible, and they are then ready to be sub- 3
mitted to the action of the ordinary beating engine by means of which
the fibre is drawn out and reduced to a pulp.

page_text: For inferior qualities of paper and where the pulp or fibre need not
be bleached, I soak the shreds or shavings in a tank or vat of cold water
for such a length of time as may be required by the thickness of the
shavings and the nature of the timber used, after which I pass it
5 through a pulping, cutting, or crushing machine constructed in the
following manner:-The box of the machine contains a number of rollers
acting as -crushers and cutters, some of which are bevel edged and
grooved, and some plain, smooth, and some toothed; these rollers revolve
at various distances from each other (some almost touching each other),
) and move at various speeds, as may be required by the quality of the
fibre to be produced. In the box of the machine where the rollers,
crushers, or cutters are working I keep up a continuous flow of cold
water through which I pass the shreds or shavings which have been
already soaked in cold water.
:
When the resinous and turpentine matters have to be extracted from
the shavings or shreds, instead of soaking them in cold water I soak
them in a caustic alkaline solution of either soda, soda ash, caustic
soda, soda crystal, or a solution of chloride of lime and common lime,
and submit them to the action of the last herein-before described
O pulping machine. I then bleach the pulp in the usual way by means
of a weak solution of chloride of lime, and after washing it may be
converted into paper in the ordinary manner.

page_text: water, or in a cold alkaline solution in a crushing or pulping machine
constructed in the manner herein-before stated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Tertius Burton, have here-
to set my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of February,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
two.
Witness,
W. A. GILBEE,
4, South St.,
Finsbury.
CHA³. T. BURTON. (L.S.)