Improvements in the Manufacture of Per-oxides.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Sept., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 5th June, 1899-Accepted, 8th July, 1899
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Per-oxides.
I, HENRY BLUMENBERG, Junior, residing at corner of White Plains Road and
De Milt Avenue, Wakefield, in the Borough of Bronx, in the County and State;
of New York, United States of America, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
In the manufacture of per-oxides, especially per-oxide of lead, a litharge has
been employed and the process of conversion into a per-oxide has been tedious and
expensive, and several reactions have been necessary before the per-oxide of
lead was produced, and frequently bye products, comparatively valueless, have
resulted.
I find that by subjecting the lower oxides of metals, such for instance as lead
oxides (PLO) to the action of an electric current in an electrolyte consisting of
water to which there is added an alkaline sulphate or dilute sulphuric acid,
the lead oxide is converted with ease and rapidity into a per-oxide as the electric
current traverses through the electrolyte.
In carrying out this invention, especially in the manufacture of per oxide of
lead, it is advantageous to take a plate of metal, usually lead, and connect the
same to the positive pole of a battery. This plate is then introduced into a tank
or vessel adapted to hold a liquid, and over said plate is applied the litharge, or
similar metallic oxides, together with water into which sulphate of potassium or
sulphate of ammonia has been introduced. Another plate is then suspended over
the oxide and in the water, and is connected with the negative of the source of
electric energy, this plate being preferably perforated.
When an electric current is passed through the apparatus, a decomposition of
the water takes place, the oxygen combining with the litharge, or similar oxide.
and the hydrogen passing to the negative pole and escaping advantageously
through the perforations in the plate, so that by this means the oxide is converted
into a per-oxide, and when the operation has been completed this may be removed
and dried or otherwise treated in any desired manner.
It will be apparent that in consequence of the metallic oxide being in the
electrolytic liquid and subsiding by gravity upon the positive pole, the electric
energy traversing the electrolyte will affect the oxidation of the metallic oxide
so as to form a per-oxide, and this is effected with great simplicity and rapidity.
Dated this 13th day of September 1898.

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of Per-oxides.
I, HENRY BLUMENBERG, Junior, residing at corner of White Plains Road and
De Milt Avenue, Wakefield, in the Borough of Bronx, in the County and State
of New York, United States of America, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particu-
larly described and ascertained in and by the following statement;
In the manufacture of per-oxides, especially per-oxide of lead, a litharge has
been employed and the process of conversion into a per-oxide has been tedious and
expensive. and several reactions have been necessary before the per-oxide of
lead was produced, and frequently bi-products, comparatively valueless, have
resulted.
I find that by subjecting the lower oxides of metals, such for instance, as lead
oxides (PbO) to the action of an electric current in an electrolyte consisting of
water to which there is added an alkaline sulphate or dilute sulphuric acid, that
the lead oxide is converted with ease and rapidity into a per-oxide as the electric
current traverses through the electrolyte.
In carrying out this invention, especially in the manufacture of per-oxide of
lead, it is advantageous to take a plate of metal, usually lead, and connect the
same to the positive pole of a battery, and introduce this into a tank or vessel
adapted to hold a liquid, and then to apply over the plate the litharge or similar
metallic oxides, together with water into which has been introduced sulphate of
potassium or sulphate of ammonium, and I then suspend over the oxide and in
the water, a plate connected with the negative of the source of electric energy,
and this plate is preferably perforated.
I have represented in the drawing by a vertical cross section, a vessel at A
upon the bottom of which is а plate B of metal, and to which the
positive conductor C is connected, and the plate D is suspended in any suitable
imanner within the vessel and in the liquid, which is shown at E, and the negative
conductor is connected to the plate D, as illustrated at F, and G represents the
litharge or similar metallic oxide in the vessel and above the plate B, and in the
liquid contained in such vessel. When an electric current is passed through the
apparatus, a decomposition of the water takes place, the oxygen combining along
with the litharge or similar oxide, and the hydrogen passing to the negative pole
and escaping advantageously through the perforations in the plate D, so that by
this means the oxide is converted into a per-oxide, and when the operation has
been completed this may be removed and dried or otherwise treated in any desired
manner.
It will be apparent that in consequence of the metallic oxide being in the
electrolytic liquid and subsiding by gravity upon the positive pole, the electric
energy traversing the electrolyte will affect the oxidation of the metallic oxide
so as to form a per-oxide, and this is effected with great simplicity and rapidity.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is;
First: The method herein specified of producing a metallic peroxide, consist-
ing in introducing a metallic oxide into a vessel containing an electrolytic solution
adapted to yield oxygen by decomposition, and in which the peroxide is insoluble,
and passing an electric current substantially uniformly through the solution and
oxide so that the oxygen from the decomposition of the solution will be combined

page_text: substantially uniformly with the metallic oxide to form the peroxide, substantially
as specified.
Second-The herein described apparatus for producing a metallic peroxide,
consisting of a cell or vessel adapted to contain an electrolytic solution that will
yield oxygen when decomposed, a metallic plate therein adapted to receive there-
on litharge or other metallic oxide, and a connection therefrom to the positive
pole of a source of electric energy, and a second plate substantially parallel to
the bottom plate and perforated and a connection therefrom to the negative of the
electric current, substantially as specified.
P
1000
ERNEST DE PASS,
Chartered Patent Agent, 78, Fleet Street, London, and
5A, Market Street, Nottingham, Agent for the Applicant.