IMPROVEMENTS IN JOURNALS AND SHAFT BEARINGS DESIGNED TO PREVENT OR REDUCE FRICTION
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Lloyd Wise, of Chandos Chambers,
Adelphi, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Inven
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN JOURNALS AND SHAFT BEARINGS DESIGNED TO
PREVENT OR REDUCE FRICTION."-A communication from abroad by
James Eccles, of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, and Samuel
Eccles, junior, of Baltimore, Maryland, both in the United States
of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Lloyd Wise
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 8th August 1878.
I, WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of Chandos Chambers, Adelphi, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN JOURNALS AND SHAFT BEARINGS
DESIGNED TO PREVENT OR REDUCE FRICTION,” (a communication to me from
abroad by James Booles of Philadelphia State of Pennsylvania, and

page_text: Samuel Eccles, junior, of Baltimore, Maryland, both in the United
States of America), to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to that class of bearings in which antifriction
rollers are interposed between the axle and a circular bearing surface in
the box, or in which tapering rollers are used for resisting the end thrust
of revolving objects, and consists mainly in gearing such rollers to both
bearing surfaces by cog wheels, the pitch lines of which coincide with
the said surfaces so as to prevent the possibility of any abrasion of the
rollers against the same.
A railway carriage axle box according to this Invention may be
arranged as follows:-Within a suitable box closed at the top and on all
four sides, and furnished at the bottom with a detachable cover, a block
may be fitted snugly, but so as to slide up and down freely as well as longi-
tudinally to a limited extent, a suitable spring intervening between the
top of the block and that of the box. Extending transversely through
the block is a circular opening, to which is tightly fitted a two part ring,
and between the latter and a sleeve, fitted snugly to the axle, are inter-
posed a number of antifriction rollers, a central portion of each roller
being formed into a cog wheel, the teeth of which gear into similar
teeth on the inner periphery of the ring and on the exterior of the
sleeve.
When the axle revolves the antifriction rollers must necessarily turn
and must roll in contact with the inner periphery of the ring, and with
the outer circumference of the sleeve; but in order to prevent any
attrition of the rollers, either against the ring or against the sleeve, it
is essential that the bearing circumference of each roller should be
coincident with the circumferential pitch line of its teeth, the bearing
portion of the inner periphery of the ring being consequently coincident
with the circumferential pitch line of its teeth and the pitch line of the
teeth of the sleeve, coinciding with the bearing circumference of the
same.
This arrangement constitutes the prominent feature of the Invention
and insures such an absence of all rubbing of the rollers against either
ring or sleeve that the journal of the axle may be said to revolve in an
almost frictionless bearing.
"
The hardened end of the axle may bear against a spring of the same
or nearly the same width as the interior of the box, and which will

page_text: The ready applicability of the Invention to vertical shafts, turntables,
pivot bridges, &c., will require no explanation.
It will be understood that in no case can a less number than three
rollers be used, as many more being employed as the circumstances of
the case may require.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Lloyd Wise, in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 5th February 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
LLOYD WISE, of Chandos Chambers, Adelphi, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Patent Agent, send grecting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said William Lloyd Wise, Her special license
that I, the said William Lloyd Wise, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said William Lloyd Wise, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
JOURNALS AND SHAFT BEARINGS DESIGNED TO PREVENT OR REDUCE FRICTION,” a
communication to me from abroad by James Eccles, of Philadelphia,
State of Pennsylvania, and Samuel Eccles, junior, of Baltimore, Mary-
land, both in the United States of America, upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said William Lloyd Wise, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Lloyd Wise, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, and the Sheet of Drawings therein
5 referred to (that is to say):
-
This Invention relates to that class of bearings in which antifriction
rollers are interposed between the axle and a circular bearing surface
in the box, or in which tapering rollers are used for resisting the end
thrust of revolving objects, and the Invention consists in gearing such
> rollers to both bearing surfaces by cog wheels, the pitch lines of which
coincide with the said surfaces so as to prevent the possibility of any
abrasion of the rollers against the same, as fully explained hereafter.
Fig. 1 is a vertical section of an axle box made in accordance with
this Invention, and Fig. 2, a transverse section partly on the line 1, 2,
and partly on the line 8, 4, Fig. 1.
A is the hanger of a railroad car, and the lower portion of this hanger
consists of a box a closed at the top and on all four sides, and furnished
at the bottom with a detachable cover b. Within this box a block B is
fitted snugly, but so as to slide up and down freely as well as longi-
tudinally to a limited extent, a suitable spring D intervening between
the top of the block and that of the box a. Extending transversely
through the block is a circular opening to which is tightly fitted a two
part ring E, and between the latter and the sleeve F fitted snugly to the
axle G are interposed a number of antifriction rollers e, a central
3 portion e', Fig. 1, of each roller being formed into a cog wheel, the
teeth of which gear into similar teeth on the inner periphery of the
ring E, and on the exterior of the sleeve F.
If the axles revolve in the direction of the arrow the antifriction
rollers must necessarily turn in the direction pointed out by their arrows,
and must roll in contact with the inner periphery of the ring E and
with the outer circumference of the sleeve F; but in order to prevent
any attrition of the rollers, either against the ring or against the sleeve,
it is essential that the bearing circumference of each roller should be
coincident with the circumferential pitch line of its teeth, the bearing
portion of the inner periphery of the ring E being consequently
coincident with the circumferential pitch line of its teeth and the pitch

page_text: line of the teeth of the sleeve F coinciding with the bearing circum-
ference of the same.
This arrangement constitutes the prominent feature of the Invention
and insures such an absence of all rubbing of the rollers against either
ring or sleeve that the journal of the axle may be said to revolve in an 5
almost frictionless bearing.
The cog wheels should be made with teeth of about the length shown
in Fig. 1, in proportion to the length of the rollers of which they form
a part, so that the said teeth will tend to maintain the rollers in a line
parallel with the axle.
It may be remarked here that in constructing the axle box shown in
Figs. 1 and 2, it is necessary to make the ring in two equal parts so that
the rollers may be properly introduced into their places before the whole
is fitted into the block B.
1
The hardened end of the shaft G bears against a spring f, which is of 1
the same or nearly the same width as the interior of the box, and which
will yield when the car to which the box is applied turns a curve of the
track, the spring being also so formed and arranged as to confine the
block B and the antifriction appliances in their proper places in the box
of the hanger.
At the rear of the box and tightly embracing the axle is a leather
packing, which is so adapted to guides on the box that while it
excludes the dust it can move vertically in accordance with the move-
ment of the block B in the box a of the hanger.
It is not essential in carrying out the Invention to use the sleeve Fon 2
all occasions; in Fig. 3 for instance the teeth are formed directly on an
axle G³, the toothed ring E being in two parts and being confined by and
between two parts of a hanger in a manner which will be readily under-
stood without description.
Fig. 6 represents the Invention as applied to a carriage wheel, into 3
the hub of which the ring E is fitted, toothed rollers intervening between
and gearing into the said ring, and into a sleeve on the axle in a manner
which the Drawing fully explains.
Figs. 4 and 5 represent the antifriction bearing adapted to resist the
end thrust of a propeller shaft, to which is secured a flanged disk or 3
plate N, a flanged plate P being secured to the stern post Q.'

page_text: Third. The combination of the ring E, axle G, interposed geared
rollers and block B, with the box a and spring f.
Fourth. Interposing between a plate for receiving the end thrust of a
shaft and a plate or disk on the latter, a series of conical rollers adapted
to bevelled tracks on the said plates, and geared to the said tracks by
bevelled wheels, the pitch lines of which coincide with bearing surfaces
of the tracks and rollers, all substantially as described.
Fifth. The conical rollers interposed between and geared to a fixed
plate and revolving plate, the latter of which has a flange for resisting
the end thrust of the said rollers, as and for the purpose described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Lloyd Wise, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Fifth day of February, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.