Improvements in Anti-friction Bearings.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 26th July, 1898-Accepted, 27th Aug., 1898
Improvements in Anti-friction Bearings.
I, REGINALD HADDAN, of the Firm, of Herbert Haddan & Co., of 18, Buckingham
Street, Strand, London, W.C., Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention, a communication to me from abroad by Walter Charles Baker, of
Cleveland, State of Ohio, in the United States of America, Mechanical Engineer,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
-
This invention relates to improvements in anti-friction bearings, and more
especially to such as are used in connection with the wheels and axles of vehicles.
The characteristic features of this invention will be fully described hereinafter,
and defined in the appended claims.
In the drawings:-Fig. 1 is a view in side elevation half section of a bearing
constructed according to my invention. Fig. 2 illustrates one construction of
key for securing the bushing to the hub.
Referring to the drawings, A A¹ represent the sleeve of the bearing, which in
the construction illustrated, forms the bushing for the wheel hub, and hence is
formed in two sections united by means of male and female screw threads a a¹ cut
on the respective sections A and A¹. In the construction illustrated the male
thread is formed on the section A and the female thread in the section A¹.
B and B represent hard metal flanged ball cups; one B, being set in the
interior of the section A, and the other B₁ is set in the bearing chamber of the
section A. Each of the ball cups B and B₁ have their longitudinal flanges bb¹
formed deep enough or long enough to provide a bearing for at least two rows of
balls, as illustrated in the drawings.
The vertical annular flanges 6363 of the ball cups provide the end thrust bearing
for the inner rows of balls C and C.
The ball cups B and B¹ fit snugly in their respective seats, but in such a manner
that they can be removed and replaced without any special tool or effort. D and D'
represent two annular cones, which surround the axle E and fit the same snugly,
but at the same time the fit is such as to allow of the cones D and D₁ being
adjusted horizontally along the axle, and also allow the said cones to turn on the
axle, as will hereinafter appear.
The opposite faces of the cones D and D¹ are approximately at an angle of 90
degrees to each other, and at or about at an angle of 45 degrees to the base or
inner portion or face of the annular cones. At or near the base of each of the
cones D and D¹ I provide two annular ledges or flanges d d and d' d' which extend
out at each side of the cones approximately parallel to the base or inner face of
the cones and provide a broader bearing both for the cones in relation to the axle,
and also for the balls bearing on the inclined faces of the cones and also act to
retain the balls in place when the wheel is separated from, the axle.
FF" represent two bearing rings or cones having each an inclined bearing

page_text: face and f¹. The bearing rings F and F¹ are mounted on the axle E snugly,
but at the same time in such a manner as to allow of both horizontal movement
along the axle and also of rotary movement around the same. The inclined
faces and f, respectively, of the rings F and F act in conjunction with one
of the inclined faces of the cones 1) and I to form an adjustable bearing or race
for a row of anti friction balls G or G¹, respectively, as illustrated, and hence it
will be seen that the whole bearing and wear of the device is sustained by the
ball cups B and B₁, the cones D and 11, the bearing rings or cones F and Fi and
the four rows of balls CC, GG¹, and inasmuch as all these parts are easily
removed they may be replaced when worn, or any of them can be replaced at
option.
H and H represent two retaining rings, which are forced in the bearing
chambers of the section A and A', respectively, so as to retain the balls and bear-
ing cones in place while the bearing is handled and placed on the axle.
I represents a leather washer placed between the rear end of bearing ring F¹
and the shoulder e of the axle E, acting as a cushion between the parts. J repre-
sents the retaining and adjusting screw, which is provided with an external
or male screw thread ; which engages a corresponding female screw threaded
orifice e¹, formed in the end of the axle E. The head of the retaining and adjust-
ing screw J is provided with an annular recess J', which is of sufficient area to
receive the end E' of the axle, the outer annular flange J2 of screw J thus formed
engages the bearing ring F, and thus as the screw J is screwed or turned in, the
bearing rings F, F; cones D and balls are adjusted in relation one to the other
and to the ball cups, through the sleeve, A, A, which is loosely mounted around
the axle and free to move in a horizontal direction in relation to said axle, and
thus it will be seen that the one mechanical action of manipulating the screw J
will adjust the bearing as a whole along its entire bearing surfaces, or in other
words, the loosening or tightening of screw J will loosen or tighten the cones and
balls in their relation to each other.
In order to lock the screw J when it is properly adjusted, I fill the recess J¹
with leather washers 2, or washers of like character, which, by frictional engage-
ment with the ends E of the axle and elasticity or cushioning action of the
washers; keep the screw J from turning by the action of the bearing or from the
jarring of the parts during use, and also allow of the final adjustment of the said
screw Jin relation to the bearing and axle, and hence a final adjustment of the
bearing parts (cones and balls).
h represents the dust cap which is secured to section A. of the axle by suitable
screw threads, male and female, provided on the respective parts.
L represents a dust collar or ring, which is internally screw threaded and
engages an external screw thread formed on the end of section A¹ of the sleeve.
By forming the dust collar or ring L with internal screw threads and securing it
to section A¹, as illustrated and described, I am enabled to locate the balls and
cones or, more properly speaking, the bearings of the sections A A¹ farther from
each other than I could were the collar L externally screw threaded and engaging
an internal screw thread formed in the end of the section A¹, inasmuch as by my
construction the internal space is not interfered with nor taken up by the securing
of the dust collar L. This is an important feature, because the farther from
each other the bearings in the sections A and A¹ are, the less the strain will be
when the vehicle makes a turn from side to side.
M represents a groove or key seat, which is formed on the periphery of section A.
This groove or seat M is intended to receive a key, screw or like device N (see
Fig. 2) which also engages with the hub of the wheel, and thus keep the said
section from turning when the dust cap is removed, which would result in
separating the sections and misadjusting the parts. As the threads of the screw N
engage the wood of the hub opposite the seat or groove M, it is unnecessary to
form threads on said scat.
As hereinbefore stated, the bearing cones D, D', and F, F¹, are so secured to

page_text: the axle E as to be free to revolve around the same, in place of being secured to
the axle and free to move in a horizontal direction only. The object of this is
to allow the said cones to present new bearing surfaces to that part of the bearing
which receives the greatest stress. This presenting of the new surface in cases
where the cones are free to revolve around the axle, is accomplished by the move-
ment of said rings by the jarring of the parts when the bearing is in use and thus
an equal wearing of the parts is obtained.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is:-
:-
1. In an anti friction bearing, the combination with an axle or journal, of a
sleeve or casing provided at its ends with annular chambers, adjustable bearing
rings arranged on the axle or journal within each of said chambers one of said
rings in each chamber having opposite cone surfaces, balls bearing against said
cone surfaces, means for securing the balls in position, and means for simul-
taneously adjusting the sleeve, bearing rings and balls, by a single mechanical
action.
2. An anti friction bearing comprising an axle or journal provided at its front
end with an internal screw threaded orifice, and suitable cones and balls for
forming anti friction bearings, and a securing and adjusting screw engaging the
internal screw threaded orifice in the end of the axle or journal, said screw have
a recessed head; and washers located therein, all operating substantially as shown
and described.
3. In an anti friction bearing, the combination with an axle or journal, of a
sleeve or casing surrounding the axle and provided at its ends with annular
chambers, a plurality of bearing rings adjustably secured upon the axle, within
each of said chambers, one bearing ring in each chamber having opposite cone
surfaces, balls bearing against said rings, and an adjusting device at the outer
end of the axle for simultaneously adjusting said sleeve and all of said bearing
rings and balls.
4. In an anti friction bearing, the combination with an axle or journal, of a
sleeve or casing surrounding the axle, and provided at each of its ends with
annular bearing chambers, bearing rings arranged within each of said champers,
adjustable on said axle and provided on each side with an annular flange or
extension, balls in contact with the opposite surfaces of the rings having said
flange, and means for adjusting said sleeve, bearing rings, and balls, by a single
mechanical action.
5. In an anti friction bearing, the combination with an axle or journal, of a
sleeve provided on its peripheral surface with a longitudinal key seat or groove,
and a screw key adapted to enter said groove to prevent rotation of the sleeve
independently of the hub, the threads of said screw key adapted to engage the
wood of the hub.
6. In an anti friction bearing, the combination with an axle or journal, pro-
vided at its outer end with a threaded recess, of a sleeve or casing, adjustable cone
rings and anti friction balls, an adjusting screw entering the recessed ends of the
axle and provided with a flanged head, and yielding washers interposed between
the screw head and the outer end of the axle.
7. In an anti friction bearing, the combination with the axle and two part
sleeve or casing, provided with a bearing chamber at each end, of a plurality of
adjustable cone rings on the axle within each of said chambers, anti friction balls
bearing against said rings, one of said rings at each end of the sleeve having
annular extensions which support the balls and prevent their dropping out when
the wheel is removed from the axle.
8. In an anti friction bearing, the combination with an axle, a casing or sleeve
surrounding the same, bearing rings and balls, of an adjusting screw for adjusting

page_text: said sleeve, bearing rings, and balls by a single mechanical action, and means
interposed between the outer end of the axle and said adjusting screw for obtain-
ing a variable adjustment, and at the same time locking the adjusting screw.
Dated this 26th day of July 1898