IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF EARTHENWARE AND STONEWARE · PIPES WITH SPIGOT JOINTS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Collett Homersham, of Buckingham Street,
Adelphi, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF EARTHENWARE AND STONEWARE ·
PIPES WITH SPIGOT JOINTS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Collett Homersham
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th January 1881.
SAMUEL COLLETT HOMERSHAM, of Buckingham Street, Adelphi, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
EARTHENWARE AND STONEWARE PIPES WITH SPIGOT JOINTS."
With earthenware and stoneware pipes as commonly made for the purpose of
producing a tight joint, it is usual to place cement or other materials between the
exterior of the spigot and the inside of the socket, and the making of joints in this
way is a troublesome operation, and such joints are rarely sound.
Sometimes joints have been made by forming cement ferrules on the spigots and
linings in the sockets, but such ferrules are liable to injury, especially during
transport of the pipes.
Now according to my Invention I make the pipe with a spigot and socket of
carthenware or stoneware in one with the body of the pipe, and I truly turn the
exterior of the spigot, and also the interior of the socket, so that the spigot of one
pipe will accurately fit the socket of another and take a bearing therein. I turn
the spigot and socket by means of turning tools whose cutting portions are made of
carbonado or black diamond. The forms of the spigot and socket may vary to suit
circumstances; thus the spigot end may be formed externally as a portion of a
sphere whose centre is a point in the pipe's axis, and the socket may be very
slightly tapered, by which arrangement the joining of the pipes otherwise than in
a common or straight line is facilitated. In some cases a thin coating of hot or
moulten mastic asphalte or other suitable material may be used on the surfaces of
the turned or bored earthenware or stoneware spigots and sockets made according
to my Invention as above set forth.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Samuel Collett Homersham in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
27th July 1881.
SAMUEL COLLETT HOMERSHAM, of Buckingham Street, Adelphi, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
EARTHENWARE AND STONEWARE PIPES WITH SPIGOT JOINTS."
OF
With earthenware and stoneware spigot and socket pipes as commonly made for
the purpose of producing a tight joint between two lengths of pipe, it is usual to
place cement or other material between the exterior of the spigot and the inside
of the socket, and the making of joints in this way is a troublesome operation, and
such joints are rarely sound, and air and water tight.
Sometime such joints have been made by forming cement ferrules on the spigots
and linings in the sockets, but such ferrules and linings are liable to injury,
especially during transport of the pipes.
Now according to my Invention I make the pipe with a spigot and socket of
earthenware or stoneware in one piece with the body of the pipe, and I truly turn
the exterior of the spigot and also the interior of the socket to a slight taper, so
that the spigot of one pipe will accurately fit the socket of another and take a
bearing therein. I turn the spigot and socket in a lathe by means of turning tools
whose cutting portions are made of carbonado or black diamond. Such a tool is
shewn in Figs. 1, 2, and 3 of the Drawings, as designed for turning the spigots,
and in Fig. 4 for turning or boring the sockets. In both cases a is the body or
stem of the tool, and b is the cutting portion, which consists of a piece of carbonado
placed in a hole in a and fastened therein (it may be by solder composed of seven
parts by weight of silver, seven of brass, and five of spelter, run in the hole around
the carbonado and properly caulked) as shewn, the carbonado being made to the
required form and sharpened. The required form and suitable cutting edge can be
formed on the carbonado by the operation of rubbing two pieces of carbonado
together by hand, or by subjecting the pieces of carbonado to the operation of
rubbing against another piece or pieces of carbonado caused to revolve rapidly in a
lathe, and afterwards, if needful, completing the formation of the edge by grinding it
on or against a rapidly revolving steel or other suitable metal plate covered with
carbonado dust and oil. The forms of the spigot and socket may vary to suit circum-
stances. In the arrangement illustrated by Figs. 5 and 6, the spigot end c is formed
externally as a portion of a sphere whose centre is a point in the pipe's axis, the
turned portion of the interior of the socket d being made slightly taper, by which
arrangement the joining of the pipes, otherwise than in a common or straight line,
is facilitated. In Figs. 7 and 8 the spigot c and socket d are both slightly tapered.
In some cases, just before the pipes are jointed in their places, a thin coating of
hot or molten mastic asphalte or of other suitable material may be laid on the
turned or bored surfaces of the earthenware or stoneware spigots and sockets,
made according to my Invention as above set forth.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner of
carrying it into practical effect, I would have it understood that what I claim is
the manufacture of earthenware and stoneware pipes with turned spigots and
sockets, substantially as and by the means above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Collett Homersham, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty sixth day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
S. C. HOMERSHAM. (L.S.)