IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES AND RANGES, THE SAME BEING APPLICABLE TO THE COMBUSTION OF FUEL FOR COOKING PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Gedge, of No. 11, Wellington Street,
i. Strand, London; in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES AND RANGES, THE SAME BEING APPLICABLE TO
THE COMBUSTION OF FUEL FOR COOKING PURPOSES." A communication from
abroad by Charles Benjamin Putnam, of San Francisco, California, one of the
United States of America, Tradesman.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th January 1879.
WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, London, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES AND RANGES,
THE SAME BEING APPLICABLE TO THE COMBUSTION OF FUEL FOR COOKING PURPOSES."
A communication from abroad by Charles Benjamin Putnam, of San Francisco,
California, one of the United States of America, Tradesman.
This Invention relates to certain improvements in stoves or ranges which are
intended to be used for cooking purposes, and it has for its object the more complete
utilization of the heat and a novel use of the products of combustion, which are led
from the fuel grate over a peculiar water back or diaphragm, thence downward
between this diaphragm and the oven, passing beneath and up behind the oven
before being led over its top. It also consists in the use of a double wall at the
front of the oven, and a grate at the top of the water back or diaphragm prevents
the fuel from dropping into the space beneath, and an air supply at that point
assists the combustion, while an ash pan receives all the ashes at that point and
may be withdrawn at any time.
In order to more fully describe this Invention, reference is made to the accom-
panying Drawings, in which,-
Figure 1 is a view of this improved stove.
Figure 2 is a vertical section.
Figure 3 is a horizontal section.
Figure 4 is a modification.
A is the outer shell or body of this stove, which may be made of any suitable or
convenient shape for the purpose intended. Within this outer shell the compart-
ments are arranged as follows:-The grate B for the reception of the fuel is placed
in the ordinary position, near the side, and has the ash-pit C beneath it At one side.
of this grate is placed the diaphragm or water back D, which consists of a casting
extending from front to back of the stove, and from the bottom nearly to the top.
Pine R71
.

page_text: This compartment is shallow from side to side and it has nipples E, E, for con-
necting with the water pipes, so that this space may be kept constantly filled with
a thin broad sheet of water, and as it is exposed to the heat of the fire in front and
back it will heat a large quantity of water in a short time. When desired, a
partition or diaphragin of fire-brick may be used instead of a water back. Sufficient
space is left between the top of this water back and the top of the stove to allow
the heat and products of combustion to pass over it and thence downward, as shown
-in-the-flue-or-space-O-which-is-left-between the water back or diaphragm and the
oven-F. This oven-is-supported-so-as-to-have-a-space-in front, beneath, and behind-
it, so that the heat flowing down in front will pass beneath the oven, and thence up
behind it; and, lastly, over the top. A partition or diaphragin G extends diagonally
across the top of the oven, reaching to the top plate of the stove, and the heated
air must pass around the end H of this diaphragm before reaching the escape
pipe or chimney I. The two front holes in the top plate of the stove are placed
directly over the fuel, while the other four, shown in the present case, are above
the oven and upon either side of the diaphragm G. A. damper J is fitted to stand
across the space above the oven, and this damper may be opened upon starting a
fire, so that the draft will be a direct one to the escape pipe I. When the fire is
well started this damper is closed and the heat then passes beneath the oven,
so that the bottom of the oven, usually the poorest heated part of the stove,
receives the full effect of the intensest heat from the fuel. The front of the oven is
made with double walls N, which may simply enclose an air space, or it may be
filled with plaster of Paris or other suitable non-conductor, so that the front side
may not be made red liot from the first action of the heat. A grate K is formed to
extend from the top of the water back, either in a straight or curved line back to
the stove top, and this grate prevents coal or fuel from falling into this flue between
the water back and the oven. At the bottom of this space is a narrow ash pan L
fitted to receive the ashes or soot which may be deposited there. This pan may be
removed by a door at M when desired.
The water back D may be made low enough to allow an air pipe or passage S to
be formed upon its top, and this air pipe is perforated, as shown, so that a new
supply of air can be introduced to assist in the combustion of the unconsumed gases
as they leave the fuel chamber.
Figure 4 shows a modification, in which the fuel grate is fixed at a point suffi-
ciently far from the side to allow the heat and products of combustion to escape at
the side of the grate instead of at the rear, and when this construction is employed
the heat will pass down in front of the grate, thence beneath the ash-pit through a
flue which connects with the space beneath the oven, after which it will pass in the
manner previously described.
By this construction an important advantage is effected in the use of heat which
is usually carried over the oven first, whereby a great portion of its intensity is
expended in heating the top of the stove and the top of the oven, while the bottom
of the oven is left with a comparatively small heat.
By this construction I produce, first, an effective water back, and, secondly, I
employ the heat in a manner which will be the most effective with the use of the
least fuel.
Having thus described the Invention communicated to me as aforesaid, what
I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent is,―
1st. The water back consisting of the narrow vertical closed cell or chamber D
extending to the bottom of the stove, in combination with the fuel grate B in front
and the flue O behind, whereby it is heated upon both sides by the escaping
products of combustion, substantially as herein described.
2nd. The oven F placed in the rear of the water back, and having the flue or
space surrounding it so that the heat from the fuel grate B shall pass over the
water back D, then down in front, beneath, and up behind the oven, substantially
as herein described.
3rd. The water back D and the oven F, with the intervening flue Ọ and the fuel

page_text: grate B, as shown, in combination with the arched or inclined grate K, substantially
as and for the purpose herein described.
4th. The grate B, water back D, and the oven F, with its surrounding flue O
arranged as shown, in combination with the diagonal partition or diaphragm G
dividing the space upon the top of the oven, and distributing and directing the
heat, substantially as and for the purpose herein described.
5th. The fuel space and grate B with the diaphragm or water back D and
oven F with its surrounding flue O, whereby the heat from the fuel acts upon both
sides of the water back or diaphragm and passes under the bottom of the oven as
shown, in combination with the damper J, said damper serving to direct the heat
beneath the oven, or when opened allowing it to pass directly to the chimney,
substantially as herein described.
6th. The fuel space and grate B having the diaphragm or water back D extending
to the bottom with the intervening flue O, whereby the heat passes over the dia-
phragm and then down between it and the oven, in combination with the oven F,
said oven having its wall or walls N made double to regulate the side heat to the
interior, substantially as herein described.
7th. In combination with the fuel space or grate B, with the vertical diaphragm
or water back D, and the oven F with the intervening flue O, I claim the inde-
pendent removable ash pan L, whereby this flue may be cleaned, substantially as
herein described.
8th. The fuel space or grate B with the vertical diaphragm or water back D in
combination with the air pipe or passage S perforated as shown so as to introduce
a fresh supply of air to complete the combustion of the gases as they enter the
flue O, substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Gedge, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine.
W. E. GEDGE. (L.S.)