matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVED MEANS FOR TESTING ALLOYS OF GOLD
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Levy at the Offico of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd August 1865
I, HENRY LEVY, of the Firm of Henry Levy and Son, Merchants, of Glasgow,
in the County of Lanark, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS FOR TESTING ALLOYS OF GOLD," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object to provide improved means for testing
alloys of gold, such means comprising a conveniently portable case formed
with three compartments, one for a piece of touchstone, such as is commonly
used for testing gold, the second for a bottle of nitric acid which is used in the
testing operation, and the third for a testing instrument, which constitutes the
most important feature of the Invention; whilst in the lid or cover of the case
there is fixed a table of alloys and prices of gold. Articles of gold are usually
made up of fourteen different qualities, differing by one carat each. In making
the improved testing instrument samples of gold alloys are carefully prepared
of each of these qualities, and a small portion of each is fixed on the end of a
small bar of brass or other convenient metal. The fourteen testing bars thus
formed are strung or centred on a pin fixed on a suitable holder in such a way
that they can be opened fanwise. This combination forms the testing instrument,
in using which the article to be tested having been rubbed on the touchstone,
two or three of the bars having qualities near that supposed to belong to the
article to be tested are also rubbed on, and the nitric acid is applied, when the

page_text: color developed will at once show by comparison the precise quality of the
article. If preferred the instrument may be made with more than fourteen
bars, for example, with bars ranging from one of twenty-four carat (or pure)
gold down to one of four carat gold.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE FORMATION OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Reuben Sims and Robert Burns
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 6th November 1865.
We, REUBEN SIMS and ROBERT BURNS, of Bedford, in the County of Lan-
caster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE FORMATION OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in altering the interior arrangement of the seats
of railway carriages as at present constructed by taking out the cross
partitions or seats in the first place, stopping most of the doors at the
sides of the carriages, and arranging the seats so as to leave a passage
down the centre, or if preferable at one or both sides instead of the centre ;
thus two rows of seats will form a separate compartment as at present,
but instead of entering these compartments by doors outside of the car-
riage, they will be entered from the passage or passages inside, thus
giving a communication from one compartment to another without going
outside the carriages, one_exit door at any convenient part of the carriage
being sufficient for all the passengers in that carriage. If found desirable to
connect two or more of the carriages of a train so as to enable the passengers
to pass from one carriage to another, or traverse the whole length of the train
if necessary without going outside, we make a doorway at the end of each
carriage large enough to admit the passage of an adult person walking erect ;
their outside of each of these doorways we attach a metal tube a little tapered
in contrary directions, so as to enter each other in a telescopic form when the
carriages are connected or coupled.

page_text: It will be readily perceived that by this arrangement an interior passage
can be formed from one end of a train to the other, and the carriages may be
made wider, as there will be no necessity for the footboards all along the sides
of the carriages as at present, but only opposite each exit door.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR OBTAINING OXYGEN
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hector Auguste Dufrené at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
July 1865. A communication from Monsieur Charles Tellier, residing
at Passy, Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, HECTOR AUGUSTE DUFRENÉ, of the General Patent Offices, 10, Rue de la
Fidélité, Paris, in the Empire of France, and 4, South Street, Finsbury,
London, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR OBTAINING OXYGEN," to be as follows, that is to
say:-
The object of the Invention is to employ oxygen for industrial purposes,
and as it does not exist in a commercial state to obtain it economically.
To attain this object I produce the following reactions:-When a current
of dried chlorydric acid and air is passed over pumicestone at a red heat in
a suitable apparatus decomposition of the acid takes place: The hydrogen
unites with the oxygen of the air to form water, and azote and chlorine, which
may be easily separated, can be collected. When on the contrary a mixture'
of chlorine and water steam is passed through a tube heated to red heat
decomposition again takes place, but in this instance the hydrogen combines
with the chlorine, and oxygen is set at liberty. The furnaces employed
for these operations may vary in form according to circumstances, I do not
therefore lay claim to any kind of furnace which may be employed.

page_text: It will be easily understood from the preceding reactions that a very large
quantity of azote is eliminated in the operations. To utilize this gas I pass
it over iron in a spongious state heated to a red beat, by which the azote is
absorbed. In these conditions I cause hydrogen to be brought on the com-
bination of azote and iron thus formed; the decomposition is immediate, and
the large quantity of ammonia so produced causes the reduction of the price
of oxygen. This gas being thus produced I apply it principally to the pro-
duction of heat and light by burning in this gas several substances, but especially
metals.
I propose also to take advantage of the excessive beat resulting from
this combustion to melt iron, and apply it either for moulting, or for preparing
moulds in which it on can be run in and cast, and also for preparing ingots for
the forge.
I can also burn in this gas sulphurous cast iron, and obtain pure oxyde
easily reducible
Zinc produces a greater heat than iron, and in certain cases it should be
preferred, especially in that which concerns light, which will give the best
results, in consequence of the solid particles produced by its combination with
oxygen.
The oxyde formed in both cases is reduced by the ordinary means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY SIGNALS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Gilbert James at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd October
1865.
I, HENRY GILBERT JAMES, of Clifton, in the City and County of Bristol,
Commercial Traveller, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY SIGNALS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in acting upon railway signals by passing trains or
engines in the following manner:-I attach a lever to the sleeper, which is at
that point, by preference, made of metal and connected with the rail. The
lever is hung in a cutting or channel, and extends below the metals; it is
connected to a crank on the end of a rod leading to the signal post, a cog
wheel is fixed vertically on the other end of the rod, and gears into a smaller
wheel or a quadrant fixed to the post horizontally. On an engine or train
running into the station or on the line the flange of the wheel acts on the
lever, turns it down horizontally into a groove cut in the metal, raises the
crank, and thus the signal is turned. The signal is kept in position by a catch,
by preference on the signal post, dropping into one of the cogs of the vertical
wheel; that part of the lever which projects is covered with gutta percha or
some other tough substance. After the departure of the train the catch is
released by a running wire pulled by an attendant at the station, whereby

page_text: the signal is returned to its first position by a spring acting beneath the lever
or on the signal post. I connect a signal bell at the station with the disc
signal, and put it in motion by a vertical wheel or arm attached to the signal.
post with a running wire, so that as soon as the signal is turned by the engine
wheels it will pull the wire and strike once on this bell.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF OBTAINING OR PRODUCING OXYGEN, APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hermann Beigel at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th July
1865.
I, HERMANN BEIGEL, of Finsbury Square, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MEANS OF OBTAINING OR PRODUCING OXYGEN, APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS USEFUL
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the means or method of
producing or generating oxygen gas, applicable to a variety of useful purposes,
the process being cheaper than any other hitherto in use for the purpose.
I propose by this Invention to take a concentrated or saturated solution of
chloride of lime, to about 100 pounds of which I add about half an ounce of
oxide or salt of nickel or cobalt, the result of this admixture at a temperature
of about 80 degrees Reaumer being that chloride of lime is decomposed into
chloride of calcium and oxygen, the oxygen being eliminated and set free
from the lime; and if the process is effected in a closed vessel a tube or pipe
will conduct the gas as required.
I also propose to mix the ingredients in the dry state, and to eliminate the
oxygen from the lime by the addition of water, so that the powder may be
packed and rendered easily portable and ready for use. In this process there
is no danger, as is the case in some others where great heat is employed or
compounds are used which are liable to explosion, pure oxygen is obtained,
there is no difficulty in working, great quantities of oxygen can be quickly
produced, and the facility of production affords a more general means of

page_text: application. The process should be conducted with warm water, or water at
a temperature of about 90 degrees, to urge the elimination. The oxygen gas
may be used to ærate or oxygenate water and other liquids, to purify air in
hospitals, mines, ships, and elsewhere, in which cases an open vessel may be
employed. But for inhalation or ærating waters the process should be con-
ducted in a closed vessel. The gas is also applicable to the generation of
light for lighthouses and other situations where signals are required. By
adding fresh quantities of chloride of lime the generation of oxygen may be
continned without the addition of cobalt or nickel, which undergo no change
during the process.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Bradley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th May
1865. A communication from abroad by Joseph Slater, of Hanover, in
the Kingdom of Hanover.
I, CHARLES BRADLEY, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanic,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES,"
(a communication from abroad by Joseph Slater, of Hanover, in the Kingdom
of Hanover), to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to the machinery employed in spinning and doubling
cotton called the "mule," and is designed for the purpose of dispensing
with the use of the sector as hitherto employed in mules to actuate the
"fallers" in connection with the copping motion. The Invention consists.
in the use and employment of a new and improved arrangement of mechanism
for the purpose, and may be thus described :-A lever projects from a
bracket secured to the back of the mule carriage, which lever is provided.
at about half the distance between its extremities with a vertical slot
in which a stud slides carrying a bowl, as the "mule carriage" "runs
in" runs upon the copping or shaping rail, and so actuates the fallers.
To the opposite end of this lever is connected a bent lever employed
for locking the fallers, one edge of which is inclined, and its upper extremity

page_text: of a curved or booked shape; the inclined surface of this locking lever is
acted upon by a bowl or pulley attached to one end of a curved lever having
the faller shaft for its fulcrum. This curved lever and pulley during the
drop or depression of the "fallers" forces back the locking lever under the
faller pulley, bringing the lever to which such pulley is connected into direct
communication with the "shaper" or "copping rail," and thereby affording
steadiness and certainty of action to the fallers. To the aforesaid locking
lever a rod is attached, the opposite end of which is screwed (and secured
by a lock nut) into an inclined or locking plate; this locking plate is also
attached to the lower end of a lever on the faller shaft, the portion of this
lever projecting upwards from such shaft is curved in the form of a portion
of a circle described from the centre of its fulcrum; this curve forms the
support during the run out of the carriage for the second catch lever, during
which time the fallers are locked, which is effected as before described by the
pulley on the curved faller lever forcing back the locking lever, the backward
action of which by its connection with the supporting lever withdraws
such support from under the second catch lever, consequently causing it to
drop into and release the locking plate, thereby effecting the change requiring
to be made from the "backing off" to the running or "taking in."
.IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CARDING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, AND FOR DOUBLING YARNS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hall, William Dunkerley,
and Samuel Schofield at the Office, of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 20th April 1865.
We, JAMES HALL, of Glossop, in the County of Derby, Mechanic, WILLIAM
DUNKERLEY, of Dukinfield, in the County of Chester, Machinist, and SAMUEL
SCHOFIELD, of Ashton-under-Lyne, in the County of Lancaster, Ironfounder,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for ".IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR CARDING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, AND FOR DOUBLING
YARNS," to be as follows:-
Our improvements in carding engines consist in removing the fleece of fibres
from the doffer by exhausting the air from a tube passing through a per-
forated cylinder placed near to the doffer. The tube above referred to has an
open slot, the orifice of which is placed a little above the point where the fleece
of fibres leaves the surface of the doffer. The perforated cylinder is turned
slowly round and the fleece of fibres is caused to adhere to its surface
by the current of air produced by exhausting the air from the tube. The
fleece of fibres is or may also be held on the surface of the perforated cylinder
by a light top roller, and on leaving the cylinder it is taken forward by the
usual drawing head or calender rollers.
Our Invention of improvements in machinery for doubling yarns is appli-
cable to the ordinary throstle doubling frames, and it consists in an improved
mode of stopping the rollers when an end breaks. The top roller is made
and supported as usual, but the bottom roller instead of being fixed to its axle

page_text: is made with separate bosses, each connected by a friction disc to the axle.
Projections or notches are made on one edge of the boss, and a catch lever is
jointed to the cap bar in line with the projections or notches. As long as the
yarn continues to pass forward to the bobbin the catch lever is held clear of
the projections or notches, but when an end breaks, or a single yarn occurs,
the lever is liberated and the catch takes hold of one of the projections or
notches, thus preventing the further rotation of the boss until the yarn has
been pierced. The peculiar arrangement of the catch lever and projections
or notches may be varied, the main feature of this part of our Invention
consisting in making the bosses of the bottom roller loose on the axle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PULLEYS USED BY BREWERS AND OTHERS FOR LIFTING AND LOWERING WEIGHTS INTO AND OUT OF CARTS, WAGGONS, OR TRUCKS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Fredric William Gilbert at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
April 1865.
I, FREDRIC WILLIAM GILBERT, of Saint Philip's Road, Sheffield, in the
County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PULLEYS USED BY BREWERS AND OTHERS FOR LIFTING
AND LOWERING WEIGHTS INTO AND OUT OF CARTS, WAGGONS, OR TRUCKS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to an article used more particularly by brewers'
draymen called a "pulley," employed for rolling barrels or casks into and out
of drays, and the improvement consists in adapting rollers thereto furnished
each with a rack and pawl at one or both ends thereof, said racks and pawls
being so arranged as to allow the aforesaid rollers to rotate only in one
direction if necessary. For example, suppose it be required to raise a flat-
bottomed packing case into a waggon or other like vehicle, when pushed up
the pulley the rollers will revolve in the same direction, id est, towards the
tail end of the waggon, and the ratchet and pawls will prevent said rollers
from moving in an opposite direction, by which the tendency of the weights
to slide or move back will be prevented or very considerably lessened. The
rollers aforesaid are intended to be placed loosely upon the tie rods employed

page_text: to keep the timber sides of the pulley securely together and at any required
distance apart, and the pawls are fixed to the inner sides of the aforesaid
pieces of timber. The pawls may be lifted and kept out of gear with the
racks if desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING GASOMETERS, TANKS, CASKS, AND SIMILAR VESSELS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Hill Pennycook at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
March 1865.
I, CHARLES HILL PENNYCOOK, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Gas Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING GASOMETERS, TANKS, CASKS, AND SIMILAR
VESSELS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object the constructing of gasometers, tanks,
casks, and similar vessels in a simplified and improved manner, and more
economically than hitherto. And in constructing a gasometer, for example,
according to the Invention, instead of attaching to each other the metallic
sheets or plates forming the shell by rivetting the same continuously round
their adjacent edges, such sheets are connected together by narrow intervening
seam strips formed with grooves on each side, into which grooves the edges
of the sheets are entered. At the meeting corners lapping pieces are rivetted
to the adjacent sheets to bind them to each other, whilst the grooves are made
tight by paint, cement, or solder. At the bottom edge the frame ring may
be formed with a groove to receive the bottom edges of the lowest line of
sheets, whilst at the angle between the sides and the roof the frame ring may
be formed with grooves in suitable positions for the side sheets below and the
roof sheets above, or a narrow grooved seam strip may be used at the angle,
and a frame ring in addition.

page_text: In making gasometer and other tanks the same general construction may
be adopted, but in place of some of the vertical seam strips, frame pillars will
be required to give strength, such pillars being formed with grooves to receive
the edges of the adjacent sheets or plates. A ring grooved on its under side and
fitted upon the pillars and sheets at the top edge of the tank will bind the whole
together. Casks and similar smaller vessels may be rapidly and economically
put together in a similar way. In some cases a single sheet will serve for
the cylindrical part, and its two meeting edges will be entered into the grooves
of a longitudinal seam strip, whilst its end edges will be entered into grooved
rings.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN ENVELOPES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Vincent Paul Pétrément Van Leuf at.
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
December 1865.
I, VINCENT PAUL PETREMENT VAN LEUF, of Saint Heliers, in the Island of
Jersey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ENVELOPES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
My Invention relates to an improved mode of opening envelopes, and
consists in the employment of a slight cord, thread, or edging applied to the
interior of the upper fly or closing side of envelopes along the fold or lapping
edge or hinge on which the fly or closing side turns with a tassel or projecting
part outside, whereby the envelope is opened with greater rapidity and ease
without the help of scissors or knives, and without injury to its contents or to
the seals thereon. I use the envelopes as usually made of any dimensions,
but by preference more widely and thickly gummed than usual, and employ a
thin cord, thread, or flat edging of any required color, which I apply by means
of glue to the interior on the edge or part forming the hinge of the fly or
closing side of the envelope. This thread or cord is made of silk, cotton,
hemp, flax, linen, metallic wire, or other suitable material made tant.
of its extremities a knot is made just outside the envelope, and the other

page_text: extremity is provided with a small tassel which extends slightly beyond the
edge of the envelope to enable it to be taken hold of.
When required to open the envelope it is merely necessary to draw the tassel
from bottoin to top, and the fly or closing side is at once severed and the envelope
opened.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE FOR WASHING RAW MATERIALS WORKED OUT OR UNWORKED TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FABRICS, AND SPECIALLY OF FABRICS MADE INTO PIECES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Alphonse Heinrich at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
May 1865.
I, JEAN ALPHONSE HEINRICH, of Mulhouse, Rue de Faubourg de Bâle,
No. 97, Département du Haut Rhin, in the Empire of France, Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
MACHINE FOR WASHING RAW MATERIALS WORKED OUT OR UNWORKED TO BE
EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FABRICS, AND SPECIALLY OF FABRICS MADE INTO
PIECES," to be as follows:-
This Invention will be best understood by reference to the annexed Drawing
forming part of this my Provisional Specification, wherein A, A', denote
frames turning on their axle, and driven by bevilled toothed gearing of equal
dimensions; B, B', draw rollers for the entrance and delivery of threads or
textile fabrics; C, wooden table, on which come the substances to be washed ;
D, wooden pins or pegs, serving to guide the course of the substances to be
washed, which advance one peg at each turn; E, reservoir of water at a
constant level; F, F¹, two pipes pierced with holes for distributing the water
on to the substances to be washed; H, driving shaft.
On the Drawing the colored lines and arrows indicate the direction in
which a piece of textile fabric travels. For woollens, cottons, linen, and
hempen fabrics, and also for threads in order to guide them round the
frames and on to the table, I not only have recourse to cloths or other means
of enveloping and restraining them as much as required, but I also according

page_text: to requirement so arrange beetles or beaters that the materials to be washed
undergo every necessary treatment. When the materials should not only be
beaten and kept in agitation, but that they should also undergo a rubbing,
special apparatus, that is to say, eccentrics acting on one of the cloths, or
on both, in contrary direction are added to the machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING BREAD
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Charles Litchfield at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
December 1865.
I, HENRY CHARLES LITCHFIELD, of Berkeley Gardens, Kensington, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING BREAD," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of
machinery or apparatus for cutting bread, the object being to divide an entire
Toaf into slices of any desired thickness by one motion or stroke of the cutters.
I propose to form a bed plate or foundation of wood or other material the
surface of which is grooved or fluted in parallel lines, or flutes or grooves are
to be formed by adjustable bars and set screws so as to regulate the distance
or spaces between the grooves. On each side of the foundation I attach by
hinges a frame or knife blade carrier, the frame being extended to form a
handle or lever; the blades are fixed by means of slotted guides in the frame
and by pressing bars screwed thereon. The slots are made at very near
intervals, and the knives are placed in such respective slots or guides as may
be necessary to cut the desired thickness of bread, so also the grooves in the
foundation are to be adjusted to permit of the passage of the blades beyond the

page_text: crust of the loaf and below the level of the foundation plate in order to ensure
a complete severance or division of the bread. The above example is one
wherein the cutting action is by pressure alone, but in order to effect a sliding
or sawing action of the cutters I propose to attach parallel motion bars at
the four corners of the cutter, their upper extremities been joined by pins or
hinges to the cutter frame, the lower ends being connected to the foundation;
by this arrangement when the handle is drawn down the blades descend with
a sliding motion so as to effect a sawing or forward action in addition to the
downward motion, whereby the bread is cut smoothly somewhat in the same
way as is done by hand with an ordinary bread knife. For dining rooms,
schools, hotels, or prisons these cutters will be found very serviceable,
effecting a saving of time and labor, and dividing the bread into slices of
uniform or varying thickness exactly as required.
AN IM- PROVED MANUFACTURE OF TRIMMING APPLICABLE TO THE ORNAMENTATION OF LADIES DRESSES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Peter Booth at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th March
1865.
I, JOHN PETER BOOTH, of Cork, in the Kingdom of Ireland, Feather
Purifier, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IM-
PROVED MANUFACTURE OF TRIMMING APPLICABLE TO THE ORNAMENTATION OF LADIES
DRESSES," to be as follows:-
In making ornamental trimmings according to this Invention I cut out the
pattern desired to be reproduced, say, for example, the Indian pine, in silk or
other appropriate material for the face, and in cotton for the back, and I lay
between these fabrics a coating of down, dyed by preference to match the
color of the facing material, and I sew the two fabrics together at or near their
edges.
A suitable number of these puffed or raised patterns being thus pro-
duced, I apply them to the garment to be trimmed, forming with them a
border, or arranging them otherwise as desired over the surface. The edges
of the patterns may be turned in, or braid or piping may be used to cover
the raw edges; or the patterns may be let into openings cut in the fabric, and
attached to the back thereof.
This novel kind of trimming, applied by preference in detached portions,
will form patterns in relief which may themselves be ornamented with stitching
if thought desirable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRINTING WOOL, WORSTED, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henderson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th June 1865.
I, JOHN HENDERSON, of Cheapside, Bradford, in the County of York, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR PRINTING WOOL, WORSTED, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be
as follows:-
In carrying out my improvements I employ a cylinder or drum of the
required diameter and width, and of a character similar to those used in print-
ing yarns for the manufacture of what are called tapestry carpets. Around this
drum or cylinder I wind the wool or other material required to be printed,
and across the periphery of this drum I apply a printing roller fitted with a
feeding roller or rollers working in a trough containing the requisite colouring
matter. To the surface of this printing roller are attached raised slips of metal
or other material of a thickness corresponding to the breadth of colour required
to be received. To one end of the printing roller is applied a pinion, the
teeth of which gear into the teeth of a wheel or rack on the drum, the large
toothed wheel bearing the same proportion to the smaller one that the cir-
cumference of the drum bears to that of the printing roller. To each end of
the printing roller is attached a spring and screw, by means of which the
extent of pressure exerted against the cylinder round which the wool or other

page_text: material is wound may be regulated. The printing roller having been properly
put into
gear with the cylinder, so that the raised slips on the surface of the
former come into contact with the wool or other material on the latter, the
cylinder or drum is caused to revolve, and in doing so to communicate motion
to the printing roller, which in its turn imprints the requisite impressions of
colour on the wool or other material. After the desired number of im-
pressions have been made, the printing roller is withdrawn from contact with
the cylinder, and the printed material is removed from the cylinder to be
steamed and washed in the usual manner. I do not confine myself to the use
of one printing roller at a time, but can apply to the cylinder as many as there
are colours required to be laid on, which by a proper adjustment of the print-
ing rollers are laid on simultaneously by one revolution of the drum or
cylinder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING ACCELERATED MOTION FOR DRIVING PURPOSES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hawthorn Kitson and John
Kirby at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 28th October 1865.
We, JOHN HAWTHORN KITSON, of Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer,
and JOHN KIRBY, of Hunslet, near Leeds, aforesaid, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
PRODUCING ACCELERATED MOTION FOR DRIVING PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists of an improved apparatus to be applied to lathes
or to planing or other machines where an accelerated driving motion is
required. By the application of this apparatus to a lathe as hereafter
described it will be seen that it may easily be adapted to other machines.
The lathe spindle is made to revolve quicker at certain periods of its revolution
as follows: A tappet, cam, or excentric is attached to the face plate or other
suitable part of the lathe, which tappet, cam, or excentric comes in contact
with the end of a lever, crank, or weigh bar rocking on a centre. This lever,
crank, or weigh bar is connected by rods, levers, or other attachments to a
reciprocating bar carrying belt guides, and by the joint action of the tappet,
cam, or excentric upon the rocking lever and reciprocating bar the belt guides
will shift the driving belts on to other drums or pulleys mounted on the
countershaft as may be necessary. These drums or pulleys are of such

page_text: diameter and fast or loose (and are opposite to or working with the corre-
sponding driving drums on the main or driving shaft) that when the driving
belts are shifted on the drums mounted on the countershaft, an accelerated
motion will be given to the countershaft, and consequently to the lathe
spindle to which it is connected. After the tappet, cam, or excentric has
passed the rocking lever the strap guides will return the belt on to the drum
which gives the ordinary motion. The belts upon the drums may be either
crossed or open so that a retrograde motion may be caused if required and
the lathe spindle made to run in a contrary direction either continuously or
only for a portion of its revolution, and instead of using two sets of drums of
different sizes and two straps with the apparatus before described, a similar
motion may be produced by conical drums and one strap.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF SHEATHING IRON VESSELS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Clark at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd November
1865.
I, EDWIN CLARK, of Great George Street, in the City of Westminster,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED METHOD OF SHEATHING IRON VESSELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the covering of iron vessels over their outer
skin with one or more layers of planking, plain, creosoted, or otherwise
chemically prepared, which is secured in place without bolting to the iron
work; and if it be desired to sheath the vessel with copper the sheets will
be fastened to the wooden planking outside in the ordinary way by copper
nails driven into the planking, and therefore will not be in metallic contact
with the iron skin or frame of the vessel.
The method of construction I prefer to use is to bolt or rivet on the
outside of an iron ship or vessel bent plates or bars of iron, steel, or other
suitable metal of an L, 2, T, Z, or other convenient form. The metal
bars may be arranged either horizontally, vertically, or diagonally, and
between these bars I drive in short pieces of timber, either horizontally,
vertically, or diagonally, making all the joints water-tight, and this timber
being separated from the interior of the vessel by the iron skin may be
creosoted or otherwise chemically prepared. Over this I fasten another
layer of long planking, laid straight or diagonally, and fastened to the

page_text: inner layer by copper, gun metal, or other suitable screws. A second
layer of short creosoted or chemically prepared planking may be used
between the metal bars as just described, making the joints water-tight,
and where the vessel is also coppered I attach the copper sheathing to the
flush surface of timber by copper nails in the ordinary manner.
Instead of sheathing the ship with copper, the wooden outer skin or
sheathing may be painted, tarred, or covered with any suitable chemical sub-
stance or preparation calculated to preserve it or prevent the accumulation
thereon of barnacles or marine animals or plants.
AN IMPROVED TRAY OR HOLDER FOR CIGARS OR PIPES AND THE ASHES THEREFROM
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
December 1865.-A communication from abroad by Louis Gilles Gallien,
of Paris, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED TRAY OR HOLDER FOR CIGARS OR PIPES AND THE ASHES
THEREFROM," to be as follows:-
This tray or holder is in the form of a saucer or dish of oval, circular,
rectangular, or other desired shape with a raised portion in the middle, having
one or more grooves to receive and support one or more cigars. The parts of
the saucer on each side of the raised portion serve as compartments to receive
the cigar ashes. For pipes instead of grooves I form a recess in the raised
portion of the saucer to receive the pipe bowl. This tray or holder may be
made of marble, glass, porcelain, china, earthenware, hardened wood, ebonite,
metal silvered, gilt, or varnished, or any other suitable material, ornamented
or not as desired. It may if required be placed on a stand or support.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Alexander Lyttle at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
November 1865.
I, WILLIAM ALEXANDER LYTTLE, Officer of the Secretary's Department in
the General Post Office, London, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES," to be as follows:-
I supply the furnace with air by means of forcing pumps or other apparatus
for a like purpose, and I prevent the free egress of the waste gases of com-
bustion by means of a trap or valve so fitted and pressed down or loaded that
the waste gases can only escape when it is brought into action by displacing
it after the manner of steam rushing from a safety valve, a constant pressure
being thus maintained in the atmosphere of the furnace. By such means the
fuel will be burned under compression (and therefore energetically), whilst the
heat so generated will be retarded in its escape, and will so exercise in its.
transit a much greater effect than at present.. This plan is applicable to every
form of furnace where the chimney can be trapped or throttled as described,
and in reverberatory furnaces, when it can be applied, it will immensely
augment the efficiency of the fuel used. In the steam engine its adoption
will only necessitate the employment of an air-tight fire box and smoke box.
The fire box should be provided with ports which, though air-tight when
closed, will admit when opened of the introduction of fuel and of free air, and
also of the removal of ashes. The smoke box should also be closed with a
port or valve which, when open, together with the apertures in the fire box

page_text: for the admission of free air, will allow the fire to be lighted as at present, and
the engine to be employed as an ordinary engine on the existing plan of
heating. In addition to the port or valve in the smoke box to which I have
referred there should be, supposing the latter to be unyielding to the internal
pressure of gas, a valve like a common steam safety valve for the purpose of
regulating the pressure of the gases in the fire box. The engine would of
course be provided with air pumps for forcing a supply of air into its
furnace.
I claim the principle of working furnaces generally with air compressed by
being forced to overcome a resistance specially made to the escape of the
waste gases, as herein-before described; but more especially so far as the
principle applies to the fires of steam engines, foundries, and reverberatory
furnaces.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN CANNON SHOT AND SHELLS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Raphael Brandon at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th February
1865.
I, RAPHAEL BRANDON, of 65, Regent Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Architect, do hereby declaro the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CANNON SHOT AND SHELLS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the particular construction of and application to
an oblong cannon shot or shell (having an axis one or more times longer than
its breadth or thickness) of certain ingredients and parts, whereby such shot
and shells may be projected from the chamber of smooth-bore cannon with
greater range, force, and accuracy. For this purpose I form a small chamber
or socket in the base or back end of the missile with three or more grooves
cut or cast in straight or curved lines from the centre of this socket or
chamber, which grooves extend to the edge or periphery of the shortest axis
of the missile. A plain cap or cover of metal fits over this chamber or socket
and grooves, which cap or cover is secured to the missile by means of bolts,
screws, or otherwise. To prepare these missiles for use, I take off the cover
or cap from the base of the missile and insert a prepared charge of "mealed"
powder or other inflammable composition into the chamber or socket of the
missile, and then firmly secure the cover or cap on to the missile. The
ignition of this charge is effected either by the flame from the chamber of the
cannon or by the ignition of a sensitive fuze, which may be inserted through

page_text: the centre of the cover or cap. When the missile is fired from the gun the
longer axis of the shot will retain its parallel with its line of flight in con-
sequence of the constant issuing of the flame operating as a feather at the
back end of the missile, and which may be made to rotate while in motion by
curving the afore-mentioned grooves on the back face of the missile.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOCKS OR INNER SOLES FOR BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Adam Jones at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th November
1865.
I, DAVID ADAM JONES, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Carpenter, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOCKS OR INNER SOLES FOR BOOTS AND
SHOES," to be as follows (that is to say:-
My improvements in the manufacture of socks or inner soles for boots and
shoes consist in the application of thin wood, such as (by preference) elm,
lime-tree, willow, or such light porous wood, varying in thickness as desired,
or dividing it into two or more parts, and covering the same with leather,
cloth, or other material secured by any suitable adhesive compound or by
sewing, which may be done neatly and expeditiously by means of a sewing
machine. In cases where such socks or inner soles are required to be
absolutely waterproof, the same may be effected by covering the wood on one
or both sides with any convenient waterproofing material.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR CURLING OR CURVING COLLARS AND CUFFS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Speight at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th June
1865.
I, GEORGE SPEIGHT, of Collingwood Street, City Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Collar Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR CURLING OR CURVING COLLARS AND
CUFFS," to be as follows:-
In preparing collars and cuffs for the market it is usual to impart to them
a curl or curve to adapt them for wear. My Invention has for object an
improved machine for the purpose; this machine consists of a roller or
cylinder which may be either fixed or moving, and round it a band is wound
spirally once, twice, or oftener. This band is caused to work or move on the
roller, and is driven by pulleys or other means. The collar or cuff is inserted
between the band and the roller, and is carried round the roller by the band,
and delivered from between the band and roller duly curved or curled. The
roller is made hollow and heated by any convenient means.
IMPROVED MECHANISM OR APPA- RATUS FOR PROPELLING CARRIAGES AND OTHER ROAD VEHICLES BY HAND POWER
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Lane at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd March
1865.
I, WILLIAM LANE, of Old Kent Road, in the County of Surrey, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MECHANISM OR APPA-
RATUS FOR PROPELLING CARRIAGES AND OTHER ROAD VEHICLES BY HAND POWER,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in certain machinery and apparatus to be applied to
carriages and other road vehicles to aid in propelling them along. In the
fore part of the carriage or other road vehicle I have a double flanged drum,
which may be of wood, iron, or other suitable material, the body of which
works freely through the bottom of the carriage or other vehicle. On the
upper flange I have a frame securely attached thereto, carrying an axle, on
which is secured a toothed wheel. The said axle is fitted with a crank for the
purpose of turning the wheel. The aforesaid drum is slotted down in the
direction of its length, and in the said slot is fitted on a revolving axle another
toothed wheel, which gears into the one before mentioned. To the under
flange of the drum is attached the framing, which carries the springs that
support the fore part of the carriage, and in which framing also is fitted the
axle on which are the road wheels. To this axle is secured a toothed wheel,
gearing into one on an independent axle, which works into the teeth of the
wheel aforesaid, so that all four work freely and gear into each other, and
when the upper one is turned by the crank, the road wheels are caused to

page_text: rotate by reason of the toothed wheels secured on their axle and those fixed
in the slot of the drum and on the independent intermediate axle. The
springs are not in any way attached to the carriage, but press against its
under side, and operate by reason of the carriage or vehicle rising and
falling upon the body of the drum. The carriage or vehicle may be directed
along the road and turned in any direction by turning the drum by means of
a lever attached thereto so as to be easily accessible by the person working
the machinery or any other attendant, and it may be secured at any angle by
a catch working in slots cut in the upper flange, or by any other suitable
appliances, if required.
A NEW APPARATUS FOR RAISING. WEIGHTS. BY MEANS OF THE FEET OR. HANDS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hector Auguste Dufrené at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th October 1865.-A communication from Messieurs Jean Baptiste
Vayre and Julien Nicolas Hubert Gauthier, residing at 19, Rue
Lamartine, Paris, in the Empire of France..
I, HECTOR AUGUSTE DUFRENÉ, of the General Patent Offices,, 10; Rue de-
la Fidélité, Paris, in the Empire of France, and 4, South Street, Finsbury,.
London, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW APPARATUS FOR RAISING. WEIGHTS. BY MEANS OF THE FEET OR. HANDS,""
to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in an improved construction of apparatus for raising
weights by means of the feet and hands..
This new apparatus consists of a screw, one extremity of the axis of which
turns in a fixed support provided with a nut which rises or falls as required';:
this nut carries a plate for receiving the weight. At the extremity of the
screw opposite to the nut I place a bevil pinion keyed to the axis of the said
screw and gearing with two bevil wheels of the same diameter. By this
arrangement by turning the two bevil wheels in the same direction the pinion
and consequently the screw will be turned in an opposite direction, conse-
quently the nut, the plate, and the weight will be raised or lowered according
to the wheel that is turned. To give motion to either of these wheels I adapt
on their axes a ratchet wheel, which is moved by means of a click mounted on a
treadle or other suitable mechanism having a similar action. By this arrange-.

page_text: ment, if the foot be pressed on the treadle motion will be given to the ratchet
wheel and then to the bevil wheel and screw, thus raising or lowering. the
weight according to the wheel that is turned. I can also employ for the
same purpose a rack or one or several wheels.