Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Aug., 1887
Complete Left, 11th May, 1888
Complete Accepted, 15th June, 1888
I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine Lake and Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
:-
This invention relates to boring apparatus which is composed of a force pump
either alone or combined with an accumulator, a compensating piece, ratchet
mechanism for turning of the boring apparatus in the bore hole, a cable for
suspending the said apparatus in the bore hole transmitting rods and boring apparatus
proper.
The force pump may be constructed either as a single acting pump with or without
a forcing valve, and serves for transmitting power to the boring chisel direct or it
may act upon an accumulator interposed between the pump and the boring tool or
chisel. The accumulator thus receives an effective volume of water which is equal
to the volume displaced by the plunger of the boring chisel during its stroke plus
the amount used for rinsing during the forcing period, or a high speed double
acting pump for feeding an accumulator may be used, the latter by a reversing
mechanism forcing the water intermittently into the boring rods, thus serving for
the direct transmission of power, whilst the pump operates indirectly.
The latter arrangement is designed for wide bore holes, bore shafts and the like.
The single acting pump working without a forcing valve takes part of the water

page_text: to be sucked from the transmitting rods; in order to rapidly unload the plunger of
the chisel, the remaining part, namely the rinsing volume, is taken from a reservoir
or well, in which case the height to which it is drawn should be equal to the column
of water that has fallen in the transmitting rods; these columns of water can also be
produced artificially by throttling the areas.
Compensating pieces for connecting the pump or the accumulator with the
transmitting rods can be used, they may be either high pressure hoses or jointed
pipes of such construction that the transmitting rods turn upon their own axis and
also move in the direction of the said axis through a certain length.
The ratchet mechanism has for its object the automatic and safe turning of the
boring tool or chisel through a previously determined angle after every stroke the
whole boring apparatus partakes of this turning motion.
This device consisting of a ratchet and pawl is slipped over the upper pipe of
the boring apparatus which being square externally prevents it from slipping, the
lever of the said pawl is set in connection with the pump or the accumulator by
means of a draw rod in such a manner that when the pump commences its suction
stroke, or when the plunger of the accumulator is forced up by the action of the
pump, the pawl is advanced and the boring rods turned through a definite angle.
To regulate this angle the lever for the pawl is provided with a slot; the ratchet
mechanism resting above the bore hole upon a turning plate.
The cable may consist of a chain or rope cable about 60 metres in length and
of sufficient strength to carry the load suspended in the bore hole. The cable is
to be so arranged that when additional weight, say two cwt., is applied a sliding
action takes place in the brake of the same until the additional weight is equili-
brated. By this means, if the suspending rods have all been used during the boring
and the chisel no longer strikes the bottom of the hole, the whole weight of the
column of water is taken up by the transmitting rods, in consequence of which, they
siuk until the said striking action ceases, and the chisel accordingly works again.
Attached to the upper part of the transmitting rods is a square torsion pipe to
which are joined wrought iron pipes with socket joints. In the lower part of the
bore hole the rods are secured by means of a nipple piece on the hydraulic boring
apparatus. In order to accelerate the upward motion of the rinsing water, and to
balance as completely as possible the weight of the transmitting rods, the pipes are
provided with a wooden or cork casing. The dimensions of the pipes depend upon
the pressure of the pump the depth of the bore hole, the volume displaced by the
chisel plunger, and the extent of the rinsing; but as a rule the diameter should
be as large as possible.
The boring apparatus proper, operating in the bore hole consists of a plunger
cylinder suspended from the transmitting rods; and a chisel shaft actuated by the
water pressure.
The chisel shaft in the plunger cylinder is packed by means of grooved packing.
The chisel shaft or the operating plunger with the chisel thereon can be arranged
either for full or core boring. The same plunger cylinder is used for both methods so
that by merely inserting another plunger the method of boring can be changed,
without any alteration in the general arrangement of the apparatus. To obviate the
free turning of the plunger in the cylinder it is provided throughout its length with
two grooves opposite one another with which engage two pins inserted in the
cylinder.
Between the piston and the bottom of the plunger cylinder is a cylindrical spring
the power of which exceeds the weight of the plunger and boring tool or chisel
combined and at the same time is sufficiently elastic to change its power but slightly
within certain limits.
This spring, when the bore hole is deep, may be dispensed with altogether and the
column of water rising by the side of the rods used in its stead or it may be assisted
thereby. For the rinsing of the boring tool or chisel the plunger has an opening of 5
such width that with a definite pressure upon the plunger a previously determined
column of water can be used for the removal of the borings.

page_text: With full boring the rinsing stream passes in a small jet through the plunger to
within a short distance of the chisel where it is divided into several smaller jets to
enable each chisel edge to be rinsed, whereas with core boring it passes from the
plunger head into an interior hollow space which forms the core box. From here the
water rinses the bored out core and passes through an inner rinsing groove to the coro
cutter, thence to the outer rinsing channels and then rises to the surface. The
plunger of the core boring apparatus consists in a cross chisel perforated centrally and
axially a conical core rubbish zone a core spring, a spring lift zone a core spring
driver, and a core box continued above the spring lift zone.
After the chisel has arrived at the bottom of the bore hole, and the plunger has been
inserted, the transmitting rods, the plunger cylinder the plunger and the chisel are
lifted again as far from the bottom of the bore hole as the lift of the chisel allows.
On pressure being exerted by the pump, part of the water previously sucked flows
off through the small aperture in the head of the plunger for the rinsing of the
chisel; there being a larger volume of water forced by the pump than can escape
through the aforesaid aperture. A column of water rises to a previously determined
height and exerts a pressure on the plunger whereby the plunger and with it the
chisel is forced upon the bottom of the bore hole. If the pump now makes a further
motion the remaining water will be carried off through a safety valve. As soon as
the pump cominences its suction period the pressure is taken off the plunger and the
spring forces the same up and with it the chisel, whereupon the action commences
afresh. In this manner the boring tool or chisel performs exactly the same action in
the bore hole as the pump above ground, the coluinn of water standing in the boring
rods being the medium for transmitting the power.
In full boring the entire surface of the bottom of the bore hole is thus operated
upon, whereas in the core boring, only an annular part is chiseled away.
The core spring in the core borer is so constructed that it has a little
within the conical break zone at the beginning of the boring, when the core penetrates
space left
during the boring into the chisel, the downward push of the boring tool or chisel and
the spring remains with its four catching claws upon the head of the core, and this
action is repeated until the core nearly enters the core box. When it reaches thus far,
the core above the conical break zone is longer than the lift of the chisel, and during
the downward motion of the borer, the breast of the core box comes in contact with the
core spring thus forcing the latter upon the core. The core spring as the borer
penetrates deeper into the earth or rock is forced down therewith upon the core until
the core box has been filled. If it is now desired to raise the bore above ground the
core spring on commencing to lift the whole of the boring apparatus, passes first into
the conical break zone whereby the claws of the core spring are pressed into the core.
On being further drawn up, the core springs off, and resting upon the core catcher is
brought above ground.
By the construction hereinbefore described I obtain the following advantages
First. Greater security and certainty of success in the boring operation by the
boring rods being suspended during the work, thus dispensing with the breaks in the
rods, free fall and chisel.
Second. Less material falls into the bore hole as the suspended boring rods do not
strike or knock the walls of the bore holes to pieces, the bore holes therefore may be
smaller and the work is consequently accelerated.
Third. The provision of strokes missing their aim which are so dangerous and
which cause breakages in the rods and in the suspension screws, and also diminish the
effectiveness.
Fourth. Greater security in introducing the apparatus into the bore hole, the very
Hangerous joining and severing of the free falling pieces during the letting down
being dispensed with.
Fifth. Acceleration of the boring operation by obtaining a far greater number
of lifts and strokes.
Sixth, More precise work of the boring apparatus and as all the operations are

page_text: performed mechanically I am not dependent on the skill and will of the boring
master and workmen.
Seventh. Simplification of the arrangement, as the striking machine as well as
rocking lever and rinsing pump are combined in one device.
Eighth. It is considerably cheaper as I dispense with the striking machine, piping
and rocking lever, the rotary apparatus transmission and the expensive diamonds,
whilst the mechanical and building constructions are simplified and decreased.
Ninth. Much cheaper service, as the whole work performed by three persons,
namely by a machinist and two sharpening smiths; of these, only the machinist is
employed at the bore hole, whilst the smiths sharpen the sharpening smiths are only
required at the bore hole during the taking up and letting down of the apparatus.
Tenth. No limit to the depth of the bore hole, because the apparatus operates just
as safely in a deep as in a shallow hole, and the weight of the boring rods can be
equilibrated by wood or cork casings, which with the resting rods remain durable.
Dated this 16th day of August 1887.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Boring or Drilling Earth, Rock, or
the like.
I, HENRY HARKIS LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine Lake & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to boring apparatus which is composed of a force pump
either alone or combined with an accumulator, a compensating piece, ratchet
mechanism for turning of the boring apparatus in the bore hole, a cable for suspending
the said apparatus in the bore hole; transmitting rods, and the boring apparatus
proper.
The force pump may be constructed either as a single acting pump with or without
a forcing valve, and serves for transmitting power to the boring chisel direct, or it
may act upon an accumulator interposed between the pump and the boring tool or
chisel. The accumulator thus receives an effective volume of water which is equal to
the volume displaced by the plunger of the boring chisel during its stroke, plus the
amount used for rinsing during the forcing period, or a high speed double acting
pump for feeding an accumulator may be used, the latter by a reversing mechanism.
forcing the water intermittently into the boring rods, thus serving for the direct
transmission of power, whilst the pump operates indirectly.
The latter arrangement is designed for wide bore holes, bore shafts and the
like.
The single acting pump working without a forcing valve takes part of the water to
be sucked from the transmitting rods; in order to rapidly unload the plunger of the
chisel, the remaining part, namely the rinsing volume, is taken from a reservoir or
well, in which case the height to which it is drawn should be equal to the column of
water that has fallen in the transmitting rods; these columns of water can also be
produced artificially by throttling the areas.
Compensating pieces H. P for connecting the pump or the accumulator with the
transmitting rods can be used, they may be either high pressure boses or jointed pipes
of such construction that the transmitting rods turn upon their own axis and also move
in the direction of the said axis through a certain length.
The ratchet mechanism St, has for its object the automatic and safe turning of the
boring tool or chisel after every stroke, through a previously determined angle, the
whole boring apparatus taking part in this turning motion.
This device consisting of a ratchet and pawl is slipped over the upper pipe of the
boring apparatus, which, being square externally, prevents it from slipping. The lever
of the said pawl is set in connection with the pump or the accumulator by means of a
draw rod o in such a manner that when the pump commences its suction stroke or
when the plunger of the accumulator is forced up by the action of the
the pawl
pump,
is advanced and the boring rods turned through a definite angle. To regulate this

page_text: angle the lever for the pawl is provided at e with a slot; the ratchet mechanism
resting above the bore hole upon a turning plate p.
The cable applied at R consists of a chain or rope cable about 60 metres in length
and of sufficient strength to carry the load suspended in the bore hole. The cable is
to be so arranged that when additional weight say, two cwt., is applied, a sliding action
in the brake of the same takes place until the additional weight is equilibrated. By
this means, if the suspending rods have all been used up during the boring and the
chisel no longer strikes the bottom of the hole, the whole weight of the column of
water is taken up by the transmitting rods, in consequence of which, they sink
until the said striking action ceases, and the chisel accordingly works again to cut
the rock.
Attached to the upper part of the transmitting rods is a square torsion pipe Z to
which are joined wrought iron pipes i with socket joints. In the lower part of the
bore hole are secured the rods by means of a nipple piece on the hydraulic boring
apparatus. In order to accelerate the upward motion of the rinsing water, and
especially to balance as completely as possible the weight of the transmitting rods, the
pipes are provided with a wooden or cork casing. The dimensions of the pipes depend
upon the pressure of the pump the depth of the bore hole, the volume displaced by the
chisel plunger, and the extent of the rinsing; but as a rule the diameter should be as
large as possible. The boring apparatus L or F operating in the bore hole, consists
of a plunger cylinder a suspended from the transmitting rods; and a chisel shaft b
org actuated by the water pressure.
The chisel shaft in the plunger cylinder is packed by means of grooved packing c.
The chisel shaft or the operating plunger with the chisel thereon can be arranged
either for full boring as at L or for core boring as at F.
The same plunger cylinder a is used for both methods of boring, so that by merely
inserting another plunger the method of boring can be changed without any alteration
in the general arrangement of the apparatus. To obviate the free turning of the
plunger in the cylinder, it is provided throughout its length with two diametrically
opposite grooves with which engage two pins inserted at e, e.
Between the piston e and the bottom of the plunger, cylinder is supported a
cylindrical spring d, the power of which exceeds the weight of the plunger and boring
tool or chisel to a definite extent, and at the same time is sufficiently elastic for the
bearing power to change a little within certain limits.
This spring when the bore hole is deep, may be replaced by the heavy column of
water rising by the side of the rods, or it may be assisted thereby. For the rinsing
of the boring tool or chisel, the plunger has at g an opening of such width that with
a definite pressure upon the plunger a previously determined column of water can be
used for the removal of the borings.
With full boring the rinsing stream passes in a small jet through the plunger h, h,
to within a short distance of the chisel where it is divided into several smaller jets
to enable each chisel edge to be rinsed; whereas with core boring it passes from the
plunger head into an interior hollow space which forms the core box. From here
the water rinses the bored out core and passes through an inner rinsing groover to
the core cutter, thence to the outer rinsing channels w, and then rises to the surface.
The plunger of the core boring apparatus consists of a cross chisel w perforated
centrally and axially, a conical core rubbish zone, a core spring t, a spring lift zone x,
a core spring driver and a core box continued above the said driver r. The plunger
of the full chisel will be understood by referring to the drawing.
?'
The operation of the boring apparatus is as follows, that is to say :-
After the chisel has arrived at the bottom of the bore hole, and the plunger b, q has been
inserted, the transmitting rods i, k and with them the plunger cylinder a the plunger b, q
and the chiself, are lifted again as far from the bottom of the bore hole as the lift of
the chisel allows. The pump is now set in action above ground. On pressure being
exerted by the pump, part of the water previously sucked flows off through the small
aperture 9 in the head of the plunger for the rinsing of the chisel; there being a
larger volume of water forced by the pump than can escape through the aforesaid

page_text: aperture. A column of water rises to a previously determined beight and exerts a
pressure on the plunger whereby the plunger and with it the chisel is forced upon the
bottom of the bore hole. If the pump now makes a further motion the remaining
water will be carried off through a safety valve. As soon as the pump commences its
suction stroke the pressure is taken off the plunger b, q, unloaded and the spring a
forces the same up and with it the chisel, whereupon the action commences afresh.
In this manner the boring tool or chisel performs exactly the same action in the bore
hole as the pump above ground, the column of water standing in the boring rods being
regarded as the medium for transmitting the power.
In full boring the entire surface of the bottom of the bore hole is thus operated upon,
whereas in core boring, only an annular part is chiselled away.
The core spring t in the core borer is so constructed that it has a little space left
within the conical break zone s at the beginning of the boring; when the core
penetrates during the boring into the chisel, the downward push of the boring tool or
chisel and the spring t remains with its four catching claws upon the head of the core,
and this action is repeated until the core nearly enters the core box. When it reaches
thus far the core above the conical break zone is longer than the lift of the chisel, and
during the downward motion of the borer, the breast of the core box comes in contact
with the core spring t thus forcing the latter upon the core. The core spring t, as the
borer penetrates deeper into the earth or rock is forced down therewith upon the core
until the core box has been filled. If it is now desired to raise the bore above ground,
the core spring t, on commencing to lift the whole of the boring apparatus, passes
first into the conical break zones whereby the claws of the core spring are pressed
into the core.
On being further drawn up, the core springs off, and resting upon the
core catcher is brought above ground.
By the construction hereinbefore described I obtain the following advantages, viz.
1st. Greater security and certainty of success in the boring operation by the boring
rods being suspended during the work, thus dispensing with the breaks in the rods,
free fall and chisel.
2nd. Less material falls into the bore hole, as the suspended boring rods do not
strike or knock the walls of the bore holes to pieces, the bore holes therefore may be
smaller and the work is consequently accelerated.
3rd. The prevention of strokes missing their aim, which are so dangerous and
which cause breakages in the rods and in the suspension screws, and also diminish the
effectiveness.
4th. Greater security in introducing the apparatus into the bore hole, the very
dangerous joining and severing of the free-falling pieces during the letting down being
dispensed with.
5th. Acceleration of the boring operation by obtaining a far greater number of lifts
and strokes.
6th. More precise work of the boring apparatus and as all the operations are
performed mechanically, I am not dependent on the skill and will of the boring master
and workman.
7th. Simplication of the arrangement, as the striking machine as well as rocking
lever and rinsing pump are combined in one device.
8th. This is considerably cheaper as I dispense with the striking machine, piping
and rocking lever, the rotary apparatus transmission and expensive diamonds, whilst
the mechanical and building constructions are simplified and decreased.
9th. Much cheaper service, as the whole work is performed by three persons,
namely by a machinist and two sharpening smiths; of these, only the machinist is
employed at the bore hole, whilst the smiths sharpen, the sharpening smiths are
only required at the bore hole, during the taking up and letting down of the
apparatus.
10th. No limit to the depth of the bore-hole, because the apparatus operates just as
afely in a deep as in a shallow hole, and the weight of the boring rods can be
quilibrated by wood or cork casings, which with the resting rods remain
lurable.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondent I declare that what I claim is :-
First. A boring machine in which the under and over pressure, caused by a sucking
and pressing appliance, of the water contained in the bore hole or conveyed into the
same lifts and lowers the boring chisel.
Second. In a boring machine as above specified a plunger cylinder a connected
with a pump or any other similarly acting hydraulic device, in which cylinder an
operating plunger chisel shaft for example q, actuated by the water moves up and
down by jerks.
Third. In a machine as above specified a striking core borer u with a core catcher t,
and the plunger q serving as a core box.
Fourth. The pushing ratchet mechanism St for the safe and regular turning of the
whole boring apparatus as above described.
Dated this 11th day of May 1888.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.O.,
Agents for the Applicant.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.O.,
Agents for the Applicant.