IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MAKING, FINISHING, AND DRYING OF CIRCULAR STONEWARE OR CLAY SANITARY SOCKET PIPES
Year: 1880

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LETTERS PATENT to John Snape and John Abraham Noel, both of Aberaman
Works, near Aberdare, South Wales, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MAKING, FINISHING, AND DRYING OF CIRCULAR STONEWARE OR CLAY
SANITARY SOCKET PIPES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Snape and John
Abraham Noel at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th
May 1880.
JOHN SNAPE and JOHN ABRAHAM NOEL, both of Aberaman Works, near Aberdare,
South Wales. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MAKING, FINISHING, AND DRYING OF
CIRCULAR STONEWARE OR CLAY SANITARY SOCKET PIPES."
Heretofore the formation of the sockets of circular stoneware or clay sanitary
pipes made by machines have been effected by filling and forming such sockets by
great pressure derived from a ram, screw, or a series of screw formed knives driven
by power in a barrel placed either above or below the issueing die for forming such
sockets.
Now by our Invention we make use of the same means for filling the sockets
and delivering the pipes, but for the purpose of pressing, scoring, expressing air,
and perfecting such sockets we adopt the use of a cam shaped socketing ring, driven
around during the time the socket is being formed in the die by the screw shaft
or knife shaft in the case of an ordinary pug machine, or by the guide pillar or dod
support rod in the case of a rain machine."
By using the foregoing means of forming the sockets such sockets, and also the
remaining portion of the pipe, can be made with a stiffer consistency of clay than is
usually used for such manufacture, thereby enabling us to produce a pipe direct
from a machine sufficiently stiff to be at once carried, together with the socketting
ring, and placed upon a machine designed by us for cutting to length, trimming, and
suitably forming one or more loose rings at the plain end of the pipes. By these
means we are enabled to at once commence the drying of the pipes by heat at the
floor, the aforesaid loose rings forming a protection from cracking the pipe proper,
and also preventing such pipes from losing their circular form in the drying, and
consequent contraction.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Snape and John Abraham Noel in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 13th November 1880.
JOHN SNAPE and JOHN ABRAHAM NOEL, both of Aberaman Works, near Aberdare,
South Wales. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MAKING, FINISHING, AND DRYING OF
CIRCULAR STONEWARE OR CLAY SANITARY SOCKET PIPES."
Heretofore the formation of the sockets of circular stoneware or clay sanitary
pipes made by machines for manufacturing such goods has been effected by simply
filling and forming the sockets by great pressure derived from rams, screws, or rolls
driven by power or hand, the same means being used for delivering the main body
of the pipe through the issueing die. Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, on Drawing No. 1,
clearly show elevations and plans of the most usual type of machine used for such
manufacture, but in some cases the dies are placed at the sides or at the top, and
thus delivering the pipes from the machines in positions different to that shown
on our plans.
Now by our Invention, which is applicable to all such machines, we make use of
the same aforesaid means for filling the sockets and delivering the pipes, but for the
purpose of more perfectly forming and pressing the socket ends we adopt the use of
cam shaped socketting rings, made either of metal or wood, or both in combination,
and formed with grooves, cam flats, and air releasing holes, as clearly shown on
Drawing No. 2, Figures 7, 8, 9, 10, which represent elevations and plans of such
rings, by the use of which, and causing the same to revolve or partially revolve, we
obtain, firstly, a greater pressure locally for solidly forming and pressing the socket
portion of the pipe by means of the can shapes "a," shown at Figure 7; secondly,
we perfectly express all air and effect a thorough amalgamation of the clay by means of
the releasing holes "b," shown at Figures 7, 8, and 10; thirdly, we effect the scoring
of the inside of the socket by means of the grooves c, shown at Figures 8 and 9;
fourthly, by the foregoing means we are enabled to deal with the clay of a stiffer
consistency than usually used, thus enabling cutting and trimming the pipes direct
from the making machine.
For obtaining the motion of the socketting rings before inentioned we do not
select any particular method, as such motion may be obtained in a variety of ways
from the dod rod, as shown in Drawing No. 1, Figures 2, 3, and 5, and marked A;
or such motion may be obtained at the socket ring direct by either power or by the
manual labor of the attendant, but not shown on the plans, we having selected
the type of machines shown for the purpose of explanation only and further making
our Invention clearly understood, and for this purpose also we shall proceed to
describe the Drawings.
On the attendant placing and securing the ring B in position on the revolving
cross C, as shown on Drawing No. 1 at Figures 1, 2, 4, and 5, and starting the
machine, the dod rod or screw shaft A is caused to revolve or partially revolve by
the means clearly shown, namely, a steam, air, or hydraulic cylinder D connected
by a lever E to the dod rod A in machines that have no screw or revolving motion
attainable for this purpose, or by the rotary motion direct from the dod rod, where
such motion is obtainable; by these means the nut F, which is affixed to A, and
which is provided with horns for driving the cross C, the desired motion is effected
and allowed to operate until a portion of the clay has issued from the release holes b,
when the socket is completed and released in the usual way, and the remaining
portion of the pipe made and cut off from the machine.
The pipe after being made is at once carried off on the ring B and placed in a
cutting and trimming machine, shown on Drawing No. 2, where Figures 11, 12, 13,
and 14 represent elevations and plan of such, this machine being fitted with a

page_text: revolving cross G precisely similar to C at the making machine, and upon this cross
the ring and pipe are placed in position, as shown on Figure 14, with the lever head
raised to allow of a tightly fitting drum being placed inside the pipe, as shown on
Figure 14, and marked H, the bead of this drum being provided with a centre hole
marked P, and to receive the centre r, which is affixed to the lever head I, and thus
securing the pipe in position for cutting and finishing. (If required this cutting
machine can so be arranged, but not shown on the plans, that two of the smaller
sized pipes can be cut and trimmed immediately, together or one after the other, by
simply mounting two crosses G, and two centres r, and two sets of rests t, t.) One
attendant then causes the drum, ring, and pipe to revolve by means of the handle J
and gearing, at the same time lightly pressing the hand at the socket portion, thus
releasing the clay from the grooves of the ring, the other attendant at the same time
severing one or more rings K, K, by means of wooden or metal tools, and scoring
the bottom end of the pipes by the same means, and for this purpose the rests t, t,
are provided for supporting such tools.
The pipe being completed the lever head I is raised, which at once allows of the
pipe and clay rings K, K, being placed on the drying floor, as shown at Figure 15,
in which position the drying can at once be applied without risk of either cracking
by contraction or losing circular form.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, we declare that we claim,―
The improvements in the making, finishing, and drying of circular stoneware or
clay sanitary socket pipes, as herein before described with reference to the annexed
Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Snape and John Abraham Noel, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Ninth day of November, One thousand
eight hundred and eighty.
JOHN SNAPE.
(L.S.)`
JOHN ABRAHAM NOEL. (L.S.)