AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF AND MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING YARNS THREADS OR STRANDS TO BE USED IN THE PRODUCTION OF FABRICS TO IMITATE THE FUR OF ANIMALS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the firm of Haseltine Lake
& Co, Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for an Invention of
"AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF AND MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING YARNS
THREADS OR STRANDS TO BE USED IN THE PRODUCTION OF FABRICS TO
IMITATE THE FUR OF ANIMALS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES " communicated to
him from abroad by John Thomas Waring, of the city and state of New
York, United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robert Lake at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patonts on the 26th June 1883.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake, and Co, Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF AND MACHINERY
FOR MANUFACTURING YARNS THREADS OR STRANDS TO BE USED IN THE PRODUC-
TION OF FABRICS TO IMITATE THE FUR OF ANIMALS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
"
[A communication to him from abroad by John Thomas Waring, of the city and
state of New York, United States of America.]
An important object of this invention is to produce napped or filled yarns or
threads which may be employed in producing woven or knitted fabrics, the surfaces
of which will closely resemble or imitate natural fur skins, but yarns or threads
manufactured or produced according to the said invention are applicable to the
manufacture of woven or knitted goods or fabrics for various purposes.
The said invention comprises an improved process of producing napped or filled
yarns or threads, which process consists in depositing a nap or filling material
between or upon two or more separate rovings, yarns, threads or strands while
they are moving together towards a spindle or twisting device and then doubling
and twisting the said threads or strands together to secure the nap or filling in the
yarn.

page_text: The nap or filling material which may be of various kinds of fibres may be
deposited upon the threads or strands by gravity or by a blast of air, steam or
other fluid.
The said invention further comprises apparatus of novel construction for
producing napped or, filled yarns, comprising generally a picker or brush cylinder
for preparing the nap or filling material, doubling and twisting mechanism for
doubling and twisting the rovings, yarns, strands or threads, a conduit receiving
the prepared nap or filling material from the picker cylinder and through which
the separate rovings, yarns, threads, or strands which are to be twisted are
conducted on their way to the spindles of the twisting mechanism, and an exhauster
or other means for passing the nap or filling material through the conduit past the
several rovings, yarns threads or strands and thereby causing the nap or filling
material to-be deposited between and upon the said threads or strands
The said invention also comprises novel details of construction and combinations
of parts as hereinafter described
The conduit may consist of a semi-circular, bent, or curved portion. the two ends
of which are extended horizontally. Near the ends of the said conduit are erected
standards in which is secured a board supporting the bobbins or spools. The latter
are adapted to rotate freely on skewers or pins and constitute carriers for the
separato threads or strands of which two are to be twisted together to form each
napped or filled yarn. Any number of threads or strands greater than two might
bo used for making oach yarn
After leaving the spools the threads or strands are conducted through eyes in
the wall of the conduit and each pair of threads or strands is conducted through a
single eye and through a flyer to a bobbin, on which they are wound as they
are twisted together, The conduit is sometimes made of sufficient width to
receive five pairs of threads or strands, and five bobbins, and their flyers are
employed for producing a like number of napped or filled yarn simultaneously
The flyers are all adapted to rotate in a rail and the spindles on which are the
bobbins are mounted in bearings in another rail and are all connected to a third
rail which may be moved backwards and forwards on guides to produce the
necessary traverse of the bobbins.
F
A rock shaft is arranged parallel with one of the said rails and connected there-
with by arms; upon the said rock-shaft is another arm which engages with a
grooved cam upon an upright shaft; by means of the said cam the said rail and
the spindles are moved backwards and forwards to produce the proper traverse of
the bobbins
The said spindles are, driven by means of, belts passing over a drum and upon
the shaft of the said drum is a screw or worm which engages with a worm-wheel
on the said upright shaft
The twisting mechanism is of common form and does not form part of the present
invention. The arrangement of the spindles and bobbius horizontally permits the
yarns to be conducted from the conduit straight through the flyers, but any other
suitable arrangement of doubling and twisting mechanism may be employed.
In order to prevent the twist in the yarns from running back into the conduit,
and to keep the several strands or threads separate while passing through the
conduit I employ pairs of deeply grooved pulleys, which are arranged so that tliey
converge towards the eyes and which are journalled on studs projecting from a
stock piece fitted in an opening in the wall of the conduit. These deeply grooved
pulleys keep the strands or threads separate while in the conduit.
In the upper end of the conduit is arranged a studded or toothed picker cylinder
which is mounted in bearings in the standards, and the end of the conduit is
constructed so as to form a case for receiving the said cylinder. The picker
cylinder may be rotated by means of a belt from a pulley on the main driving
shaft
'
Adjacent to the picker cylinder are arranged feeding rollers, and a feeding apron
passes around the lower roller and another roller and over this apron the fur

page_text: wool, shoddy or hair to be used for the nap or filling is fod to the picker
cylinder
On the end of the driving shaft is a screw or worm which engages with, and
operates, a worm-wheel, on a transverso shaft, and by means of bevel gear-wheels,
an upright shaft, and other bevel gear-wheels, the lower feed roller is rotated and
the apron is operated from the driving shaft. It is obvious that the construction
of the picker cylinder, the arrangement of the feed-rollers and feeding apron, and
the mechanism for driving them might bo varied as deemed necessary or
desirable.
Below the lower end of the conduit is a chamber which is separated from the
conduit by a reticulated, perforated or foraminous endless apron, which passes
around rollers, and above one of these rollers is another roller, which rotates by.
frictional contact with the apron. The lower roller is rotated positively by bevel
gear-wheels from the aforesaid transverse shaft
I provide an exhaust fan, the suction pipes of which are connected with the
aforesaid chamber and which may be rotated by a belt from a pulley on the main
driving shaft. By means of this exhaust fan the nap or filling material prepared
by the picker cylinder is drawn rapidly through the conduit and in its passage
past the strands or threads, a suitable and sufficient quantity of the nap or filling
material is deposited between and upon the said strands or threads and by twisting
them is securely fixed in the yarns.
All the nap or filling material which is not deposited on the strands or threads
will pass downwards and be deposited on the apron, and will be passed between
rollers after which it may be taken and again subjected to the action of the picker
cylinder to again prepare it for uso..
The drum above described may be rotated by a belt from the shaft of the exhaust
fan or in any other suitable manner.
The rapid rotation of the picker cylinder provides more or less draft or blast
through the conduit and the draft or blast may be augmented by any suitable
means in lieu of the fan.
The nap or filling material may be deposited on only one of the two or more
strands or threads which are to be twisted together. It may be deposited by the
draft or current in an upward or horizontal direction instead of downward and
while the threads or strands aro passing in any direction either vertical, horizontal
or inclined.
In order to assist the adhesion of the nap or filling material to the strands or
threads, the said material or the said strands or threads may be moistened with
water or other suitable liquid or have adhesive substance applied
Napped filled or tufted yarn or even ropes of considerable size may be produced
by the above described process
For the strands or threads which are to be twisted I may use wool, cotton flax,
hemp, various kinds of grasses, wire, or narrow loosely woven tape and 'for the nap
or filling material I may use any kind of hair or fur, grass, cotton, silk-waste, wool-
waste, rags, excelsior or wood shavings
It is evident that may somewhat modify both the process and the apparatus
without departing from the nature of the said invention.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Robert Lake in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
18th December 1883.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE of the firm of Haseltine Lake & Co Patent Agents
Southampton Buildings London "AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF AND MACHINERY 5
FOR MANUFACTURING YARNS, THREADS, OR STRANDS TO BE USED IN THE PRODUC-
TION OF FABRICS TO IMITATE. THE. FUR. OF ANIMALS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
"
A communication to me from abroad by John Thomas Waring of the City and
State of New York, United States of America
This invention relates to the manufacture of yarn or thread and to machinery 1
therefor.
The primary object of this invention is to produce napped or filled yarns or
threads which may be employed in producing woven or. knitted fabrics the surfaces
of which will closely resemble or imitate natural fur skins; but yarns or threads
manufactured or produced according to the said invention are applicable to the
manufacture of woven or knitted goods or fabrics for various purposes.
The said invention comprises an improved process of producing napped or filled
yarns or threads which process consists in depositing a nap or filling material
between or upon two or more separate rovings, yarns, threads or strands while
they are moving together towards a spindle or twisting device, and then doubling
and twisting the said threads or strands together to secure the nap or filling in the
yarn,
The nap or filling material which may be of various kinds of fibres may be
deposited upon the threads or strands by gravity or by a blast of air, steam, or
other fluid.
The said invention further comprises apparatus of novel construction for producing
napped or filled yarns, consisting generally of a picker or brush cylinder for
preparing the nap or filling material; mechanism for doubling and twisting the
rovings yarns, strands or threads; a conduit for receiving the prepared nap or
filling material from the picker cylinder and through which the separate rovings,
yarns, threads or strands which are to be twisted are conducted on their way to
the spindles of the twisting mechanism; and an exhauster or other means for
passing the nap or filling material through the conduit, past the several rovings,
yarns, threads or strands, and thereby causing the nap or filling material to be
deposited between and upon the said threads or strands.
The said invention also comprises various novel details of construction and
combinations of parts as hereinafter described.
In the accompanying drawing.
Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section of apparatus constructed according to
this invention certain parts which are removed in taking the section being represented
in dotted outline.
Figure 2 is a horizontal section on the line a a Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a similar section on line y y Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a sectional view drawn to an enlarged scalo of a small portion of the
wall of the conduit having attached thereto the converging pulleys for keeping the
threads or strands separate from each other while passing through the conduit.
Figure 5 is a plan of such pulleys, shewing two threads or strands and a piece
of the finished yarn or thread produced by twisting the said threads or strands.
Figure 6 is a perspective view of a piece of the finished napped or filled yarn
made according to this invention.
Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several Figures.

page_text: A indicates a conduit, here shown as consisting of a semicircular bent or curved.
portion the two ends of which are extended horizontally. Near the ends of
the said conduit A are erected standards B and in which is secured a board C,
supporting the bobbins or spools C² The latter are adapted to rotate freely
on skewers or pins and constitute carriers for the separate threads or strands a
of which two are to be twisted together to form a napped or filled yarn. Any
number of threads or strands greater than two might be used for making each
yarn.
After leaving the spools C the threads or strands a are conducted through
eyes a', in the wall of the conduit A, and each pair of threads or strands is con-
ducted through a single eye a³, and through a flyer, b, to a bobbin c on which they
are wound as they are twisted together. As here represented, the conduit A is of
sufficient width to receive five pairs of threads or strands a and five bobbins c, and
their flyers are employed for producing a like number of napped or filled yarns d,
simultaneously, as seen in Figure 2. The flyers b are all adapted to rotate in n
rail b', and the spindles e, on which are the bobbins c, are mounted in bearings in
a rail e¹ and are all connected to a rail which may be moved backwards and
forwards on guides e³ to produce the necessary traverse of the bobbins c.
D indicates a rock shaft arranged parallel with the rail e and connected there-
with by arms D¹. Upon the said rock-shaft is another arm D which engages with a
grooved cam D³ upon an upright shaft D'; by means of the said cam, the said
rail e² and the spindles e are moved backwards and forwards to produce the proper
traverse of the bobbins c.
E indicates a drum from which the said spindles e are driven by a belt E',
and upon the shaft of the said drum is a screw or worm E which engages with a
worm wheel D on the upright shaft D. The drum E is rotated as hereinafter
described.
The twisting mechanism just described is of ordinary form and does not form
part of the present invention. The arrangement of the spindles and bobbins
horizontally permits the yarns d to be conducted from the conduit A straight
through the flyers 6 but any other suitable arrangement of doubling and twisting
mechanism may be employed.
In order to prevent the twist in the yarns & from running back into the conduit,
and to keep the several strands or threads, a separate while passing through the
conduit A, I employ pairs of deeply grooved pulleys f, which are arranged so that
they converge towards the eyes a² as seen in Figure 5, and which are journalled on
studs projecting from a stock piece f¹ fitted in an opening in the wall of the
circuit A. These deeply grooved pulleys keep the strands or threads a separate
while in the conduit A.
In the upper end of the conduit A is arranged a studded or toothed picker-
cylinder F which is mounted in bearings in the standards B; and the end of the
conduit is constructed so as to form a case for receiving the said cylinder. The
picker cylinder F may be rotated by means of a belt F from a pulley on the main
driving shaft G as best shown in Figure 1.
"
Adjacent to the picker-cylinder are arranged feeding rollers g, g',. A feeding
apron g³ passes around the lower roller g' and the roller g.. Over this apron the
fur, wool, shoddy, or hair to be used for the nap or filling is fed to the picker
cylinder F.
On the end of the driving shaft G is a screw or worm h which engages with,
and operates, a worm-wheel h¹ on a transverse shaft h³, and, by means of bevel gear
wheels h³ and upright shaft h' and other bevel gear wheels h³, the lower feed
roller g' is rotated and the apron g* is operated from the driving shaft G.
It is obvious that the construction of the picker-cylinder, the arrangement of the
feed rollers and feeding apron, and the mechanism for driving them might be varied
as deemed necessary or desirable.
The mechanism above described for operating the feeding rollers and feeding

page_text: apron from the driving shaft G is shown in Figures 2 and 3, and in dotted outline
in Figure 1.
Below the lower end of the conduit A is a chamber H which is separated from
the conduit only by a recticulated, perforated or foraminous endless apron i which
passes around rollers ¹i. Above the rollers ¹ is a second roller which rotates
by frictional contact with the apron i. The lower roller is rotated positively
by bevel gear wheels from the shaft has shown in Figures 2 and 3.
I indicates an exhaust fan the suction pipes I' of which are connected with the
chamber H. The 'said: fan may be rotated by a belt J, from a pulley J¹ on the
main driving shaft G By means of this exhaust fan the nap or filling material
prepared by the picker cylinder F is drawn rapidly through the conduit A and in
its passage past the strands or threads a a suitable and sufficient quantity of the nap
or filling material:is-deposited between, and upon, the said strands or threads, and
by twisting them is securely fixed in the yarns d.
All the nap or filling material which is not deposited on the strands or threads
will pass downwards and be deposited on the apron i.and will be passed between
the rollers after which it may be taken and again subjected to the action of
the picker cylinder F to again prepare it for use.
The drum E above described may be rotated by a belt K from the shaft of the
exhaust fan I, or in any other suitable manner.
The rapid rotation of the picker cylinder F provides more or less draught or
blast through the conduit and the said draught or blast may be augmented by any
suitable means in lieu of the fan I.
The nap or filling material may be deposited on only one of the two or more
strands or threads which are to be twisted together; or it may be deposited by
the draught or current in an upward or horizontal direction instead of downward,
as shown in the drawing, and while the threads or strands are passing in any
direction either vertical, horizontal, or inclined.
In order to assist the adhesion of the nap or filling material to the strands or
threads the said.. material or the said strands or threads may be moistened with
water or other suitable liquid, or have adhesive substance applied.
.
Napped, filled, or tufted yarn, or even ropes of considerable size may be produced
by the above described process. For the strands or threads which are to be
twisted, I may use wool, cotton, flax, hemp, various kinds of grasses, wire, or
narrow loosely woven tape; and for the nap or filling material I may use any
kind of hair or fur, grass, cotton, silk-waste, wool-waste, rags, "excelsior" or wood
shavings.
It is evident that I may somewhat modify both the process and the apparatus
herein before described without departing from the nature of the said invention
Having thus fully described the said invention as communicated to me by my
foreign Correspondent, and the manner of performing the same, I wish it under-
stood that I claim.
First-The process hereinbefore described of producing napped yarns of the kind
described, the said process consisting in continuously doubling and twisting two or
inore threads or strands together, and, while they are moving continuously towards
the twisting devices, depositing between or upon one or more of them a napping
material, substantially as specified.
Second-The combination with two or more thread-carriers and a twisting
spindle for receiving threads or strands from the said carriers and doubling and
twisting them together, of means for depositing napping material on, or between,
the said threads or strands as they pass from the said carriers to the twisting spindle,
substantially as specified.
Third The combination with two or more thread-carriers, and a twisting spindle
for receiving threads or strands from the said carriers and doubling and twisting
them together, of a conduit between the said carriers and the twisting spindle,
through which the threads or strands may be conducted separately for receiving
napping material between, or upon, them, substantially as specified.

page_text: Fourth-The combination with one or more twisting spindles, of a conduit
through which strands or threads to be doubled and twisted are conducted, and a
picker or brush cylinder for supplying nap or filling material to the said conduit,
substantially as specified.
Fifth The combination of the conduit A, the twisting spindles e, the picker
cylinder F, the feeding apron gå, and the feeding rollers g g', substantially as
specified.
Sixth-The combination with two or more thread-carriers and a twisting spindle
for receiving threads or strands from the said carriers and doubling and twisting
them together, of a conduit through which the threads or strands are passed before
being doubled and twisted, and means for producing a draught or blast in the said
conduit; substantially as specified.
Seventh-The combination of the conduit A, one or more twisting spindles e, the
chamber H, the apron i, the fan I, and the suction pipe I' communicating with the
said chamber H, substantially as specified.
In witness whereof I the said William Robert Lake havo hereunto set my
hand and seal this Eighteenth day of December in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty three.