AN APPARATUS BY WHICH SHIPS VESSELS MAY BE DISCHARGED OF WATER BY MEANS OF THEIR OWN MOTION, AND WHICH IS ALSO USEFUL AND APPLICABLE TO VERY MANY PURPOSES IN PNEUMATICS, HYDROSTATICS, AND HYDRAULICS
Year: 1794

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
FITZGERALD, of the Temple, London, Esquire, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present Majesty King George the Third, by His Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at Westminster,
the Second day of June now last past, hath given and granted unto me, the
said William Fitzgerald, my executors, administrators, and assigns, special
licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, to make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and
also in all His Colonics and Plantations abroad, during the term of years
therein expressed, my Invention of "AN APPARATUS BY WHICH SHIPS
VESSELS MAY BE DISCHARGED OF WATER BY MEANS OF THEIR OWN MOTION, AND WHICH
IS ALSO USEFUL AND APPLICABLE TO VERY MANY PURPOSES IN PNEUMATICS, HYDROSTATICS,
AND HYDRAULICS;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained a provisoe
obliging me, the said William Fitzgerald, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, to cause a particular description of the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in
His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within eight calendar months next
after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same (rela-
tion being thereunto had) may more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Fitzgerald, in compliance with
the said provisoe, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and

page_text: This system or apparatus comprehends, first, the gyral or revolving motion
produced out of the ship, by means of its progressive motion through the water,
or when at anchor in streams or currents; secondly, a pendulous or alternato
motion, different from and to bo used on other occasions than the revolving
motion; thirdly, contrivances by which the motion or agitation of the ship
communicates a power to the pump or engine; fourthly, the pump or engine
so to be wrought or agitated; fifthly, the several peculiar contrivances which
facilitate and effect the discharge of water, in a manner especially adapted to
the working, the clearing, and preserving from interruption the effective parts
of the pump or engine; sixthly, the several original inventions (or mecha-
nical contrivances originally or peculiarly applied) to movo (or to vary or aid
the working of) the pump or engine; and, seventhly, the intended or possible
application of the said apparatus and the parts thereof respectively to various
purposes in pneumatics, hydrostatics, and hydraulics.
Section the First.-Of the gyral or revolving motion produced out of the
ship by means of its progressive motion through the water, or when at anchor
in streams or currents. If we consider that the whirling motion of an arrow
through the air, or an angler's bait spinning in the water, or the revolution
of the sails of a common windmill, with many other such motions, aro all
produced by the air, water, or medium striking upon the feathers, fins, or sails
obliquely, we shall more immediately comprehend how this the first part of
the apparatus derives its power.
In the first experiment made by the Patentec on this part of the subject,
a cylinder of wood was used, into which were grooved six pieces of thin flat
fir board, each forming an equally oblique angle of a few degrees out of the
line of the cylinder; the effect of this upon trial on the Thames was to produce
a quick and powerful revolving motion, which untwisted completely the cord
used to drag it through the water. This the first apparatus is completely
developed as to principal in that subsequently made on a large scale, and
which I describe as follows:-
Plato I. Fig. 1. A, A, is a mast or beam of wood or other material shaped
as by the Figure. Fig. 2. B is a drum or cylinder, of wood or other material,
in which is a central mortoise to slide upon the square part of A. In this
drum or cylinder B are six square mortoised holes, each placed at the distance

page_text: of sixty degrees, dividing the circumference of B into six equal parts, but
three of the mortoises must be made upright, and the three others transverso
alternately, as seen in Fig. 5. C, Fig. 8, is the upright spar or handspike,
of wood or other material, of which there must be three in number; and
D, Fig. 4, is also a spar or handspike, of wood or other material, longer
than C, of which likewise there must be three, B being placed upon A;
and secured from sliding by means of the bolt and pin k, l, of iron or other
material; the spar C and the spar D are inserted alternately in the six
mortoises of B. E, E, Fig. 5, are three sails of canvas or other material,
shaped so as that their extremities may be extended and fastened to or near
the ends of the spars C and D, viz, that any one of such sails, as E, may be
fastened at e, e, e; I is a rope and caring by which the sail is brought down to
the mast or beam; F is the sheet or rope to be reefed through the staple G,
of iron or other material, and secured by the cleat HI, of wood or iron, or other
material. Now, if the foot of the sail be carried from the upright spar C to
the inclined spar D, it is evident that so much of the sail (and so of the
others) as is between C and D must make an anglo with the line of the mast
or beam, and as the ship in moving through the water will cause it to strike
the water at such angle, the obliquity of each sail (which must be all the same
way) will receive an impulse from the water, which will produce a gyral, revo-
lutionary, or whirling motion, which will cause the mast or beam A to move as
an axis, or revolve upon itself. Then m, Fig. 1 and 5, is a strong staple bolt
and pin, of iron or other metal; N, Fig. 1, is a heavy cap, of iron or other metal,
as well to secure the head of the mast or beam as to serve to weigh or depress
it, the better to hold the water and immerge the sails; and O, Fig. 5, is a cable
reefed through M, and well belayed and secured. From this apparatus (with
any varieties of construction founded on the same principles) a whirling motion
is (as observed before) acquired by A, A, upon its own axis, and that being
communicated to the cable or rope O, the effect and application are procured, as
specified in a subsequent section, to work the pump or engine. It is to be
noted that earings and reefs may be made in the sails and holes in the spars, so
as to expose a greater or less surface of canvas to the percussion of the water.
Fig. 6 is a Drawing of the mast and spars without the sails, to shew the manner
of fixing the spars in the drum mord correctly. Fig. 7 shews the shape and
demensions of the sails at present used.
Section Second.-Premising' that the pump or engine, afterwards to be
specified, is worked either by a rotatory motion either way, or by the usual lever
motion, or by a pendulous or swinging motion, I must also state that there
may and will be many situations in which an intermediate or connecting

page_text: motion may be requisite in order to convey the power of the cable O, in the
preceeding section, to the working part of the pump or engine; as, for instance,
where the cable is upon the level of one deck or place, and the ритр is upon
another deck or place, either above or below; and as this must or may happen
in different ships or vessels, according to their size or construction, I shall
proceed to explain that motion or apparatus before I come to specify the
pump or engine.
Plato 11.-Fig. 1. A, A, are two double cranks, of iron or other material,
proceeding directly opposite each other from the axis C, of which axis D is a
fly wheel of the usual kind (not always necessary); and E is a winch of the
usual kind; a, a, are strong plates of metal, fastened upon the extremity of
the crank A, as well to prevent friction as to fasten and keep the chains or
ropes K, K, to the center of the respective cranks; K, K, are chains, ropes,
wires, or pieces of metal or other material, carried down to the arms b, b, of tho
axis B, of iron or other material, which axis for the present represents that
of the pump or engine. Now, if the axis C and the cranks A, A, are made
to revolve, either by the turning of the handle E or the revolving motion of
the cable O, effected as in the last section, working upon the universal joint U,
as in the Figure, it is obvious, that if the said axis C and cranks A, A, are
turned once round, each cranck will pull each arm of the axis B half round,
so that one whole revolution of C will produce two half revolutions of B, and
come to the same thing in quantity of motion as if B revolved quite round
equally with C; and if we consider that a reciprocating or alternate motion is
produced in B by the revolution of C, that motion, communicated at either
end of B to the axis of the pump, will keep it in constant work and motion.
A useful variety of this motion is produced by regarding for a moment Bas
entirely out of the question; then let L, L, added to K, K, be continued rope,
wire, or chain of iron or other material brought round or fastened upon the
wheel or drum M, of iron or other material, whose radius at the working part
shall not exceed the radius of one of the cranks A, A, and a reciprocating or
alternate motion is produced upon the wheel or drum M by the revolution of
the axis C, applicable to the center of motion of the pump or engine, and
to other purposes in the various applicatious to be made of such engine. N,
a frame of wood or other material for supporting the machinery according the
situation in which it may be placed.
Fig. 2 is designed to explain in what manner a communication of the ship's
motion, either by the revolution of the cable O, or by the swinging lever P
and its weight W, both of iron or other material, is communicablo to the
pump, if placed upon a deck above the said first moving powers; the same, as

page_text: nearly as may be, representing the same corresponding parts in each Figure.
O is the cable, turned as per section. 1st, U is the joint; C is the axis;
A, A, are the cranks; F, F, are strong stanchions, of wood or other material,
well secured to the under part of the deck H, H; I, I, are holes made from
the lower part of the deck II to the upper part G, allowing the chains or
ropes K, L, to pass thro' with due play; B represents the axis or center of
motion of the pump; b, b, are the two arms, of iron or other material, similar
to the axis and arms in Figure 1st, to which the chains or ropes K, L, are
secured, whilst the cable is supposed to be fastened or belayed to the axis C,
or U, the joint. The vibrating lever and weight must be supposed separated
from the opposite joint J of the axis C, and then the revolution of the cable,
acting upon the axis C and its cranks A, A, will alternately pull down the
arms b, b, and produce a reciprocating motion in the axis B on the upper
deck, similar to that produced at the axis B, in Figure 1. Let the cable be
dismissed or unconnected with C, and the vibrating lever or pendulum P and
its weight W be appended at the joint J, care being taken that when tho
pendulum is vertical the cranks and arms shall be horizontal, and the swing
of the weight W and pendulum P, produced by the rolling or pitching of tho
vessell, will effect an alternate or reciprocating motion in the cranks and arms
aforesaid, and thereby act upon the axis or center of motion of the pump.
At the joint J a niche is formed, and the lever or pendulum p is fastened in
it by a center pin on which it moves, so that it plays round on the roll or pitch
of the ship, and communicates motion as aforesaid. The length of the pen-
dulum is the same as the winch or crank usually worked by men at the chain
pump, and as the work of one man constantly and without excessive fatigue
is estimated to be between thirty and forty pounds of force or weight, it follows,
that if W is equal to that weight, and P equal to the radius of the winch, the
vibrating motion of P, W, will be equal in force to the constant work of one-
man, and hence different weights or levers will produce different effects.
Section the Third.-I now come to the specification and description of the
pump or engine, and its principles, parts, varictics, and applications, as well.
more immediately in respect of the motions generated by means of the
progress or agitation of ships or vessels, as before stated, as also of other
applications of which its principles are available in pneumatics, bydrostatics,
and hydraulics.
Plate III. Fig. 1, 2, and 3 are delineations of a very small engine, con-
structed several years ago; in which A, A, Fig. 1, are chambers or working
barrels, of brass or other metal, soldered to the two hollow tubes B, B, also of
brass or other material, and placed in the same plane or line as to each other,

page_text: the whole being fastened to the frame M, of wood or other material. C is a piston
rod, of iron or other material, having two solid pistons of brass or other
material, fixed one at each end with leather, and screwed down in the usual
way, working in the chambers A, A; D is a vibrating lever, of iron or other
material, with a groove in its middle, and passing thro' the piston rod; His a
crank, with its friction roller of iron, brass, or other metal. The vibrating
lever D moves upon a pivot at the end most distant from the crank. E, E,
aro dotted lines, showing the places of two pair of valves, both opening
upwards; G is a cap of brass or other material, covering the delivery of the
water, which being unscrewed gives exit to the water or fluid to be raised in
the tube it belongs to; F is an air vessel and delivery pipe, not differing from
the ordinary ones. The crank HI being turned upon its own axis, moves the
vibrating lever D, by means of the roller seizing it in the groove. The
vibrating lever D moves the piston rod C alternately in the chambers A, A, as
one motion moves both pistons at the same time; whilst one piston is expel-
ling the air, water, or fluid thro' the upper valves, the other piston by the
reverse effect is extracting or raising the air, water, or other fluid thro' tho
lower valve of the opposite tube or barrel, and upon its return, by the rotation
of the crank, the vibration of the lover, and the traverse of the piston rod, it
expels the air, water, or other fluid thro' the opposite upper valve, whilst the
opposite piston is in its return raising or extracting the air, water, or other
fluid thro' the lower valve of that chamber in which it works; and thus in the
present described engine a stream of water was pumped and delivered at G.
A jet of water was delivered thro' the opposite pipe to the distanco of about
eighteen feet. The chambers or working barrels were in this instance one
inch long, three quarters of an inch in diameter, and the quantity of motion
produced by the vibrating lever was three quarters of an incl.
Fig. 2 is a back view of the same engine, where are scen two wheels toothed,
being in proportion the larger to the smaller as 3 to 2; Fig. 3 shows the
profile of the same engine, in which the same letters describe the same parts; s
shewing D, the vibrating lever; H, the crank, put upon the axis of the smaller
wheel, the pivot of the vibrating lever, and the handle or winch of the larger
or multiplying wheel. If, even in the present engine. we suppose the axis of
the smaller wheel, which immediately works the vibrating lever, as connected
with or part of the axis B, Fig. 1, Plate 2, we then obtain an idea of the principles
from which either the rotatory or vibrating motion, described in the second
section, is communicable to the center of motion of the pump or engine. The
next engine and pump, delineated in a front aspect, Fig. 4, is made to a size
and scale fit for use. The working barrels or cylinders A, A, are three inches

page_text: in diameter and three inches in length, the stroke of the horizontal piston rod!
being somewhat less than 3 inches. B, B, are two chambers or barrels, made:
cylindrical, of brass or other material, to which the working or piston cylinders:
or chambers A, A, of brass or other material, are attached by screws of brass.
or other material, as in the Figure, care being taken to introduce between theso.
and all the other flanches pieces of leather to keep them air-tight; C is a
square piece of iron or other material, moving or sliding in the groove of the
frame D, and doing the office of a crank, in as much as its opposite termina-
tion (necessarily hid in the present view) is a cylinder of metal, truly turned
and let into the drum E, of brass or other metal, the center of which is firmly
attached to an axis of iron or other metal, which forms the center of motion of
the pump or engine. Care must be taken that C is well shouldered and fitted
into D, which is done by means of a loose collar and a screw and nut, all of
iron, brass, or other material, or by other means adequate to the
It
purpose.
must be made to slide freely, but without any shake, and the shoulder next to
the drum E must be made strong and broad, and to face up to the drum,
which will assist it in point of steadiness. (The motion thus gained may be
had by other means already known in mechanics, since any contrivance pro-
ducing a rectilinear motion out of a circular oüo may be applied. A crank
motion with its varieties will probably be found most competent. The axis of
the drum E is firmly fixed in the bars or frame G, of iron or other metal, and
that axis must have a square to receive a winch or lever, and a screw and nut
to keep such winch or lever to its place; then the piston rod or line F, of
iron or other material, is moved with its two pistons, one at each end, in the
barrels or chanıbers A, because the druin E being turned either way only half
round and back again at pleasure, the slide C is carried to the horizontal
extremity of the hole in which its cylinder plays in the drum E, and by the
half revolution sliding in the groove of D, of iron, brass, or other material, tho
same piston rod or line and pistons are forced to traverse back again to tlic
opposite point in a plane parallel with the horizontal diameter of the druin E.
I, I, are two tubes, of brass or other metal, lollow, and supporting and com-
municating with the chanibers or cylinders B, B; K, K, are flauches, of copper
or other material, the upper K being to receive the air vessel or pump, screwed
down, with leather interposed, as iii the Figure, and the lower flanch K is to be
strongly fastened to any frame, or deck tub, or convenient place, as O, where
the pump or engine is intended to work. P is an air vessel with its delivery
pipe and hose, not differing in principle froin those ordinarily used in
cxtinguishing engines; M is a cap and tube, of brass or other material, and
the cap being unscrewed M is a delivery pipe as of a pump; N is what is

page_text: commonly called a suction pipe, of copper, lead, or other material, to be
continued to the place from whence the fluid is to be raised. The dotted lines
L, L, L, L, in the chambers B, B, B, B, show the relative places of the valves,
which lift or play all upwards, as described in Figure 1, Plate 3, and so the
water raised thro' the suction pipe N above the lower valves into the chambers
B, B, A, A, A, A, B, B, reciproccally is forced or driven through the upper
valves, and into and along the upper tube I into the vessel or reservoir P, to
be either sent upwards or discharged, as occasion may require.
Fig. 5 is a Drawing of the valves, which are for each chamber exactly similar.
a is n strong bow, firmly fixed into or cast as part of the piece of brass or other
metal b; the lower is also a piece of brass or other metal, each screwing
upon the other, and holding between them two pieces of capped leather at C,
to make the whole air-tight. d, d, d, d, d, d, are rods, of brass or copper, or
other metal, connecting the valves together as a box, and being dovetailed and
screwed into the pieces respectively; e is a piece of brass or other metal
turned conically, as seen in the Figure, and then proceeding as a cylinder
throff, two pieces of brass or other metal screwed together, and having
leathers to make them air-tight. Between the shaded parts in the cylinder aro
apertures for the escape of the water upwards upon tho lifting of the conic
valve, which is to be accurately ground into the pieces of brass or other
metal ff, and the lower valve at g is precisely of the same make and has
the same effect, there being also at g double leathers to make to make the
sides of the pieces of metal air-tight in the chamber B. One great and essential
use in this principle of construction is, that the valves and boxes may be drawn
out of their chambers and cleared of mud, gravel, or obstruction without dis-
turbing or amoving the chambers or pistons, and the same construction facilitates
the repair or replacing of a defective valve. There is a rim fastened to the
bottom of each valvo to prevent its stricking out of the cylinder or pieces of
metal in which it is destined to move or play. It is to be noted as a caution, that
the boxes must be in some cases secured by a pin of brass or other metal
from sliding or shifting in the chambers B, a thing which has happened when
the pressure of water from above and the force of the piston have been
superior to the weight of water below the lower valves.
Fig. 6 is an axis A, supported by the cratch B, both of wood or other material,
or supported or suspended by any other adequate means, which crutch B is seen
in a direct view in Fig. 7, with proper screws and a securing pin, of iron or other
material. C is a vibrating lever, of wood or metal, hanging from A, and secured
or made shorter or longer by means of the pin D, of iron or other material,
put thro' the holes delineated; W is a weight of some kind of metal or heavy

page_text: substance; E, E, are dotted lines, shewing a groove made in the axis A to give
play to the lever, according to the roll or motion of the ship; F is the square of
the axis of the drum E, Fig. 4, let into or otherwise firmly connected with the
axis A, Fig. 6, at G. The inclination of the vessel moving the two pistons in
A, A, Fig. 4 is by the vibration and play of the pendulum in a ship or vessell,
commonly equal to half or rather more of the delivery pipe M, using tho
engine, Fig. 4, as a pump. It is to be noted, that the Invention, so far as it is
novel in this part of the pendulous motion, does not consist merely in the uso
of a pendulum or vibrating lever and weights, but in the application and uses
of this peculiar engine, in which two advantages are observable: 1st., that
as the two pistons work in the same plane or line by one and the same motion,
every vibration (with its reverse or return) caused by the heeling or incli-
nation of the ship or vessell produces four traverses in the two pistons, and so
keeps up an unceasing stream in and from the pump, unless the vessell is
relatively as to the pendulum at rest; and, 2dly, the center of motion requiring
only a radius of crank of three inches to produce a motion or traverse of six
inches by each piston, which, taking the two pistons, is equal to a stroko of
twelve inches in any ordinary pump, and if the length of the lever be from
the center of motion but eighteen inches for the purpose of its swing, it
follows that the power of the lever upon the crank is as eighteen to three, or
six to one, which accounts also in some degree for the facility by which the
pump or engine is to be worked, and so for its application to the moving force
or first power imparted by the ship or vessell itself.
Plate IV. The next pump or engine has its two horizontal chambers, of six
inches diameter, with a clear space between the two chambers or barrells for a
stroke of six inches in horizontal length, that being the traverse of each of the
barrels. This engine differs from the former as to the formation of the two
upright chambers B, B, they being cylinders, hollow right thro' from top to
bottom; the valves are separate. The upper valve consists of a solid pieco
of brass or other material, on which a screw is cut, or other contrivance is
placed at its extremity next the aperture of each upright chamber, by which
to fix it into or upon the end of the chamber or barrell; the valve part consists
of a piece of brass or other metal or material, into which the valve or stopper
is well ground or fitted, having a solid cone at the upper part, and hollows on
the rest or lower part of it, to allow, when forced above the conic part, a
passage for the fluid; a piece of brass or other metal is screwed or otherwise
fixed upon that piece which contains the hollow of the valve, in order that
leather or other material, to make it air or water tight, may be introduced
between the two pieces. These parts (that is to say) the part containing the

page_text: handle L, and the piece next to it, are united by means of two or more metal
bars, at such a distance asunder as may allow of the leather arming to go
beyond the side aperture of the chamber or barrel. A a screw or other proper
fastening is made at the ends of the chambers, into or upon which the scrow or
fastening above mentioned to be made upon the top part of the valve box, at or
near the handle I, is to be fitted. The whole Drawing in this Plate contain
Figures of this engine, of which this is the literal description, the same parts
being respectively inade of the same materials as those of the pump or engine
before described:-A, A, are the working chambers or barrels; P, P, P, are
the pistons and their rod; B, B, B, B3, are the two upright chambers, united
by the screws and flances, seen in the Figure, to the other parts; C, C, C, C, aro
the external or closing parts of the valve boxes, filling up water-tight the ends
of the chambers B, B, B, B, at a, a, a, a; D, D, are the bars or supporters,
connecting the last-mentioned parts with the pieces marked I, I, I, I; G is a
figure of the valve or stopper, solid in the cone but hollow in the other part,
admitting the escape of the fluid by the squares or holes delineated; H is a
picco of brass, or other metal or material, made to screw or fit on at I. At
F, F, is the hollow of I, formed to fit with the cone E. K is the lower valve
of the same kind, allowing for differenco of position; MI, M, M, M, are leathers
to keep the whole tight. At a, a and b, b, the arrows in the section of the
engine shew the place and course of the fluids going thro' the tubes of the
pump or engine; and b, b, b, b, are tho places where the valves, lifting both
upwards, permit the passage of the fluid in the direction of the arrows. The
lower flanche is to be fastened to the place or thing intended with a proper
suction pipe. The upper flance is for the reception of a bason, pipe, spout,
reservoir, or air vessel, according to tho use intended, as in the next Plate.
The lower valve is screwed or fastened in at the lower part of the chamber,
and consequently it differs from the other only in this, that turning the other
upside down and putting a valve in the reverse way of the upper valve, each
valve will then open the same way, viz, upwards, and consequently the lower
supplies the vacuum to be made by the piston in the chamber, and the upper
on its return discharges the fluid, so that a stream is produced in the tubes in
the course of the dotted lines and arrows. It is obvious that upon unscrewing,
unfixing, or taking out the valve boxes, or one of them, obstructions of stone,
gravel, mud, sticks, ballast, corn, &c., getting into the working parts of the
pump, are forthwith readily and effectually removed, and repairs made, which
are the uses and benefits of that part of the principle of this Invention.
Section Fourth. In cases where the engine is used merely as a pump for
dischargeing water immediately after it is raised, an open bason or vessel,

page_text: with a spout fixed upon the upper flanche, as in Plate 3 or 4, will answer the
purpose; such bason is delineated G, G, Plate 5. But there are many cases
in which a reservoir or air vessel may be useful, and calculated to react upon the
fluid with less friction than ordinarily happens, in order to give the water a
velocity in the direction in which it is to be raised and expelled, and to this
end the reservoir now to be specified is contrived.
Plate V. A, A, is an open vessell, cylindrical or oval, rounded at top, or of
any convenient figure, of copper or other material; B, of any kind of metal;
is another vessel, closed in everywhere but at the bottom, where it may be
fastened by screws or rivets either to the inside of A or the top of the upper
flanche of Figure 4. In the vessel B arc apertures 6, 6, at the bottom to
admit the fluid. The vessel B is of a smaller size, to go casily within the vessel
A, as seen at the dotted lines, and that there may be a free space all round
between the exterior surface of the vessel B and the interior surface of the
vessel A, by which contrivance, when the water is pumped above the apertures
of B, 6, 6, all the air in B is enclosed, and reacts upon the surface of the water
raised iuto B, according to the force of compression on the air in B. Then the
water to be raised is forced to escape between the respective sides of the vessel
A and the vessel B towards and thro' the aperture of C at a, a, on which is
made at C either a screw, flanche, or any other connecting contrivance. C and
D are elbows, with screws for a direction pipe or hose E, as in any other fire
or extinguishing engine. If a pump only is wanted, then the wide or elbowed
tube F, or the bason and spout G, of brass or other material, may be placed
upon A at C. If it be wanted to convey the water upwards to any given
height, then the tube II, of a suitable width for delivery, is to be fixed on in
the place of C, and continued upwards to the place where the water or other
fluid is to be delivered.
I conceive that I have now described and specified the principles and dif-
ferent peculiarities of this Invention. First, a revolving motion gained by tho
passage of the ship or vessel thro' the water, or when it is riding in streams or
currents, as the same motion is applicable to the pump or engine. Secondly,
a vibrating or pendulous motion gained by the roll, pitching, or agitation of
the ship or vessell, as peculiarly applicable to the pump or engine. Thirdly,
a connecting motion, to convey power from the first mover to the working
part of the pump or engine. Fourthly, the pump or engine, in which by
working two or more pistons upon the same plane or line the returning stroke
is preserved, and an acquisition of force is made. Fifthly, the valve chambers
and the valves, the valves being at pleasure separable from the chambers with-
out drawing the pistons, and thereby affording the means of cleaning the

page_text: pump or engine, leaving clear tubes from top to bottom. Sixthly, the reser-
voir or air vessel, as peculiar.to the pump or engine specified.
Section Fifth. But in order to leave in as clear a situation as may be tho
application of this apparatus to various purposes, I shall in this concluding
section add, rather as expletive than absolutely essential, a description of the
use I mean to apply it to in respect of the important object of mines. Let
the second section, and the plates of that section to which it refers, be taken
along with this section and the plate. First, I must premiso this observation,
that the peculiar formation of the pump or engine part enables it to be
worked by a pull or lift only, and without the necessity of a plunging rod;
aud, secondly, that the same first moving power may, either with or without a
multiplication of cranks, be applied to a variety of engines, and that on different
levels and in different directions, and these advantages will be seen by in-
spection of the second Plate, and of the Plato G, and the following description
thereof.
Plate VI.-A is an upright shaft, moved by wind, steam, animal strength, or
other first moving power; it may be also horizontal, as in Plate 2. B is a
crank, as also is C, standing the reverse way, but in the Figure it is put into
false perspective as to the other parts, in order to shew the cranks more plainly;
D and E are ropes, chains, wires, or other material of equal length, connecting
the horse heads F and G with the two cranks. These ropes, chains, or wires
are to be fastened at the extremities of the horse heads, or circular line most
distant from the cranks. I, II, are other horse heads or parts of circles, with
ropes, chains, or wires descending down the shaft of the mine or other place,
marked S. These last horse leads are by such last-mentioned connections
united with the drum or wheel I, from which proceed along the level K other
ropes, chains, or wires, connecting the drum or wheel I with the two horsa
heads L, L. These last are upon the same axis, but at right angles with the
cross bar M, M, from which proceed two ropes, chains, or wires N, N, which
are fastened to tho cross bar O of the axis of the central motion of the pump
P, P, whereby, on a revolution of the upright shaft and cranks A, B, C, a
vibrating or reciprocal motion is conveyed thro' the passages of the mine to
the pump. Qis an adit or sough for the discharge of water sent up by the
pump P, P; and the ropes, chains, or wires at R shew that the motion is coin-
municable at any angle or inclination, according to the adjusting of the horse
heads, drum wheel, or cross bar, supposed to be at I; hence it it is evident
that as H, HI, alternately lift or pull, the plunging, breaking, and bending with
the expence of long metal pump rods, are entirely avoided..
Plate VII.Fig. 1 is a view of a cutter with the apparatus applied: for this

page_text: inspection is sufficient; but it may be proper to note, that in many cases, where
the force is not great and the motion is quick, as commonly it will be, a
perpetual screw and notched wheel, interposed between the cable's motion and
that of the connecting motion, or upon the axis of the pump itself, may have
a useful effect. Other applications, not altering the principles above specified,
it is not necessary to state, as they must depend upon the objects to which the
apparatus or any of its parts may be found useful.
Fig. 2 A, A, are the working barrels; B, B, the upright chambers; C, the
crank, operating upon D, the central movement of the piston rod P, P; E, E,
is a crank handle, analogous to that by which chain pumps are worked;
F is a small cannon, well lashed and secured to E, and so many times thirty
pounds weight as are contained in that cannon's weight, so many times
the power of a man's labor will be repeated. G is the support of the crank
E, C. From this Figure it is evident that the swing of the cannon F, or
other weight or force, will move E, and consequently C and D and P, P,
and thereby work the pump with a force derived from the quantity of motion
in the vessel's rolling and the weights applied.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Nine-
teenth day of January, in the thirty-fifth year of the reign of our
Sovereign Lord George the Third, King of Great Britain, &c., and
in the year of our Lord.One thousand seven hundred and ninety-five.
WILLIAM FITZGERALD. (L.B.)
I have compared the description with the Drawings it refers to, and it
appears to me to be very distinct, and to be elaborately and honestly prepared,
to give all satisfaction upon the nature of the Invention, which is the principal
object of a Specification. And if workmen engaged in this species of workman-
ship could make the pump from this description and the Drawings it refers
to, (which I have no doubt they could,) the instrument is perfect and compleat.
T. ERSKINE, Serjeants' Inn, Jan. 17th, 1795.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Nineteenth day of January,
in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid William Fitzgerald came before
our Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was
stamped according to the tenor of the Statute in that case made and provided.
Inrolled the Thirtieth day of January, in the year above written.