Improved Process for Multiple Telegraphing with Morse Apparatus.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd June, 1896-Accepted, 5th Sept., 1996
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Process for Multiple Telegraphing with Morse Apparatus.
We, LUIGI CEREBOTANI, Professor of Sendlingerstrasse 63, Munich, in the
Kingdom of Bavaria, German Empire and MAX BERNSTEIN, Proprietor of the
Firm of Joh. Friedr. Wallmann & Co., Patent Agents of 74 Blumenstrasse Berlin
Germany, do hereby declare the nature of our invention and in what manner
the same is performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
If a Morse writer is switched in the circuit of an electric current, which is
interrupted very quickly, say 50 to 60 times in a second, a straight line will be
produced on the strip of paper which moves comparatively slowly, instead of a
series of dots or dashes, owing to the rapid succession of the impressions.
Consequently if a Morse-key of a current of this kind is successively closed
entirely and then opened then the result will be the same as when producing
ordinary Morse signs on the paper strip, i.e. either very short dots or dashes or
somewhat longer dashes, according to the length of time during which the key is
depressed. The depression, however short it may be will include from 2 to 5
interruptions of the circuit. These 2 to 5 breaks will appear, however, as stated
on the paper strip of the receiver, as a short dash, whilst 20 to 50 interruptions,
or vibrations of the intermittent current-would produce a longer dash.
In order to render the present specification more easily intelligible reference is
had to the accompanying diagram, in which the sender is represented in Figure 1.
The levers T1 T2 T3 T4
are the various Morse-keys, which serve
to transmit a similar number of messages along a single line, simultaneously. The
keys TT 3 effect the closing of a positive current, one from the battery S₁ the
other from S 3, which latter is more powerful than the first. The keys T 2 and T 4
belong to a negative current the first to the battery S2 and the second to the
battery S4 which latter is two or three times as strong as the former.
The circuit breaker U consists of a spindle of wood or ebonite, on which four
metal gears, rr2 r3 r4 are mounted. This spindle is slowly rotated by means of
suitable gearing, the teeth being caused to contact with the spring circuit
closers C C2 C3 C4, revolubly mounted on their pivot. The teeth of the said
gears are however so arranged that they can only contact successively with the
circuit closers and not simultaneously. Thus if a tooth of the wheel z¹ has closed
the circuit, the corresponding teeth of the second, third and fourth wheels will
contact successively with their respective springs and have done so before the next
tooth of the first wheel, again contacts with its spring.
The keys T1 T2 T3 T4 connect the batteries S S 2 S3 S4 by means of local
conductors and suitably arranged brush springs with the circuit breaker U S'
connecting with r', S2 with 2, S3 with r3 and S4 with r4. The four inter-
mittent currents thus pass through the contacts C1 C2 C3 C4 along one conductor L
to the receiver and to the ground.
It will be evident, that if all four keys are depressed simultaneously, the current
interruptions of the separate discs r1 r2 r3 r4 i.e. the intermittent currents from
each of the batteries will not affect one another, however rapidly the circuit
breaker may revolve, so that only one conductor will be necessary for transmitting
currents thus interrupted, all four contacts being connected to said conductor.
Thus for instance if the four discs of the circuit breakers have each 30 teeth
and the rotation of the breaker takes place in half a second, then the total

page_text: -
number of successive interruptions in a second which take place in the order
+ SS2 S3 S4 + S¹ S2 + $3 - $4..
will be 240, of
which 60 come from the battery Si in the same second, of a second apart,
60 from battery S-2 ete. It need hardly be mentioned that self induction will not
effect the pulsations of the current in the present case as the current is an
alternating positive and negative one.
The number of writers at the receiving station corresponds with the number of
keys at the sender end and the same consist of the ordinary Morse telegraphing
apparatus. The relays only R1 R2 R3 R4 which are arranged in the conductors
in series are of particular construction. All the relays are polarized, so that only
the positive current will attract the armature at R R 3 and only a negative
current those at R2 R 4. Then again the current at R 3 R4 must be considerably
strong in order to overcome the pressure of the spring and attract the arma-
tures 3 x4 whilst at R R2 any current will be sufficient to attract the
armatures a 2. Two auxiliary batteries are provided at the receiver station in.
the circuit of which the iron cores Z Z are arranged the spools of which are of
thicker wire and which are only brought into action when the armatures x 3 x4
are attracted at R3 and R 4. Since the resistance of the electromagnets Z Z'
is very slight and since the armatures of R and R 2 are much nearer the same
than to the magnets R R 2 and since the play of the contacts n n' is very small,
it may be assumed that when a considerable moment of current + or arrives,
the armature 2 of Z Z' will be retained before it is possible for the magnets Ri
or R 2 to attract or at least completely attract their armatures.
-
The device shown in Figure 3 may be substituted for the above arrangement.
The electromagnets Z Z as also the contacts n n' are omitted. The relays e¹ e 2
are not polarized and are provided with double spools, of which one is for the
reception of, the main line current, whilst the other serves for the uninterrupted
conduct of the current from the auxiliary battery h. The direction of the
auxiliary currents is for el that of S 2 or S 4 for e2 that of S' or S 3 i.e. opposite
to the direction of the working or operative main line current. The auxiliary
current is so regulated by means of resistances that its power is about equal to
that of the current to be expressed (ie. the power of A is about equal to that of S
that of to S 2) so that when both currents are circulating (from h and S¹ etc.)
no magnetic effect will be produced at e or e¹.. The armatures of e¹ and e 2 are
however so arranged as only to become operative when the magnetic power ceases
or has so decreased as to render the tension of the spring effective so that the
armature will be retracted and closes the circuit to the corresponding writing.
apparatus.
In view of the above explanation, further description of the way in which
multiple telegraphing can be conducted along one line will be hardly necessary,
ie. the way in which the four keys at the sender station, will operate the four
corresponding Morse apparatuses at the receiver station, situated at any distance,
without affecting each other and simultaneously.
In both of the above mentioned cases, i.e. the employment of a counter electro-
magnet Z Z (Fig. 2) or of double spools on the relays o¹ 02 (Fig. 3), the
relays R3 R4 (Fig. 2), e3 e4 (Fig. 3) or the Morse apparatuses in connection
with the same answer solely to the currents S3 S4 (via r34) and their operation
will not be disturbed in the least by the currents S and S 2. The relays R' R2
(Fig. 2) 2 (Fig. 3) must however be provided with a further device in order
to ensure their co-operation with T T 2 only.
This is attained in the first case, of the counter-electromagnets (Fig. 2) Z Z¹ by
the fact of the positive current alone being operative at R' and the negative at R 2
and then again through the simultaneous attraction of Z and Z', which cause
the pulsations of the currents of R3 and R 4 (S3 S4) to pass by inoperatively
so that only the pulsations of the current S and S 2 or r r 2 will be effective.
In the second case however, when relays e e 2 are employed, which are not
polarized (Fig. 3) a similar oneside or singlé operation is effected first, by the fact

page_text: that the negative electricity of 'e 2 e 4 (S2 S 4) at el and the 'positive' electricity?
of ele3 (S S3) at e2, 'considerably increases the effect of the auxiliary'
batteries so that the corresponding armatures remain in their position of rest?
and, secondly the considerable surplus of power of the currents S3 S4 compared
with the currents which causes the iron cores of el e2 to retain their
magnetism, so that their armatures will remain inoperative during the passage of
the current S3 S4 i.e. during the operative period of e 3 e 4, and finally owing to
the paralysation or partial paralysation of the magnetic power at e¹ and e2
all the pulsations from T and T 2 or S and S 2 will be in the opposite direction!
and of equal strength to the local currents h h so that their effect on the iron
cores is cancelled, and thus the armatures of e and e¹ and their corresponding
Morse apparatuses will be operated exclusively by these pulsations.
:
Thus it will be clear that in accordance with the herein before described!
arrangements, when the keys T¹ T2 T3 T4: are depressed simultaneously, each
relay R R2 R3 R4 (Fig. 2) e¹ e 2 e 3 e 4 (Fig. 3) will only receive such current.
vibrations as proceed from the corresponding discs (circuit breaker U) r r 2 r 3 r 4..
Thus in the relay R' (Fig. 2) e¹ (Fig. 3) and at the respective Morse apparatuses.
only the current vibrations or pulsations from the disc will be operative and so.
on with the other relays.
.f
The arrangements shown at Figures 2 and 3 may also be modified in the manner
described with regard to Figure 4.
As far as the Morse apparatuses; i.e. the two receivers are concerned which
operate by means of the strong current relays, no further modification is necessary
than the above mentioned polarized strong current relays e3 e4 (Fig. 3) or
R3 R4 (Fig. 2) without however employing the contacts n n¹ etc.
As far as regards the two stations which only answer to the polarized weak
current relays (which later must be switched in the same line circuits but may
be any distance from the same and from each other) the following somewhat
simpler and safer device may be substituted for that already described. R¹ R 2:
(Fig. 4) represent two relays, polarized to the same current (+ or -) but with
the distinction that whilst R answers to both strong and weak currents R 2 will
only answer to a strong current. The iron rod or armature a, b is pivoted at P..
The pivot P attached to a core z having a spring fand adapted to slide in a
sleeve. In addition to this the necessary springs, set screws etc. are properly
arranged. The local circuit H 2 in which the corresponding Morse apparatus is
arranged, will only be closed when the armature a contacts with c; i.e. when the
weak current relay alone is operative, in which case the armature a, b turns on its
pivot P into the inclined position a' b¹. If however strong current vibrations
intervene then R2 and R 2 both become operative. Thus the armature will be
attracted by both relays simultaneously (the spring f being compressed it will no
longer turn round P) and no contact will be made. Thus it will be clear that.
only the weak current vibrations to 1 will effect the closure of the circuit H 2 and
the operation of the Morse apparatus M.
It should be remarked that the difficulties generally obtaining in connection
with the exact precision of the variations of intensity of the current fed need not.
be taken into account in the present instance, as the present arrangement is not.
dependent on a certain limit of the degree of intensity. The sources of the
current and the resistances may be so arranged as to allow a certain margin.
between the extreme limits, beyond which the two intensities serving to produce
different effects may vary to any extent without mutually affecting each other.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our inven-
tion and in what manner the same is performed, we declare that what, we
claim is :-
1. A method of intermittently multiple telegraphing with Morse apparatuses.
according to which, by means of a switch device (U) when the separate circuits.
of differing direction and power are simultaneously closed at the sender station, the

page_text: currents alternate in such manner that the closure of one circuit occurs during the
interruption of the others so that the vibrations of, each current in the various
circuits alternate and are all transmitted along one line for the purpose of avoiding
synchronously running devices.
2. The combination in a receiver device, of a series of relays (R1 R2 R3 R4)
which are excited by currents of differing direction and power in such manner that
one part (R¹ R 3) only answers to positive and the other part (R 2 R 4) to negative
currents, whilst the attraction of the armature at one half of the relays (R3 R4)
can only be attained by strong currents, and the other half (R' R 2) only answers
to weak relays whilst the operation of the weak relays (R¹ R 2) during the trans-
mission of stronger currents is prevented by the fact of the other corresponding
relays (R3 R4) switching in an electromagnet Z Z¹ on attracting their armatures,
which prevent the operation of the weak current relays.
Dated this 22nd day of June 1896.
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicants.