Improvements in Ventilating Dwelling Houses, Halls, Churches, Theatres, and other Interiors.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 17th June, 1895-Accepted, 30th Nov., 1895
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Ventilating Dwelling Houses, Halls, Churches,
Theatres, and other Interiors.
I, WILLIAM SHAW, of 146 Pleasance, Edinburgh, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to the ventilation of dwelling houses, churches, halls,
theatres and other buildings and structures.
Under this invention extracting and (or) feeding fans of from, say, 6 inches to
2 feet diameter and upwards are used by means of which foul or vitiated air can
be extracted from the room or other interior and pure fresh air supplied thereto.
The fans, instead of being driven, as usual in mechanical systems of ventilation,
by means of gas or steam engines are driven by means of one or more electric
motors of any suitable and well known construction supplied with electricity from
one or more batteries of cells which may be either wet or dry. These batteries
may be either primary or secondary batteries.
The battery or batteries and the motor or motors are located at any suitable part
of the building near the fan or fans to be operated.
The battery cells are arranged in two sets and these sets are capable of being
switched on and off alternately, preferably by means of an automatic switch such
as that described in the Specification of my invention entitled "Improvements
connected with galvanic batteries and switches therefor" of even date herewith
and numbered 11728 of 1895. By switching first one set of cells on and then the other,
the set which is for the time being inactive is allowed to recuperate so that the
batteries run much longer than usual without recharging.
The several improvements constituting the invention are pointed out in the
claims.
And in order that my said invention may be properly understood I have here-
unto appended two explanatory sheets of drawings, which show, by way of
illustration or example, a convenient method of carrying my invention into effect
or practice.
Fig. 1 is a vertical section taken through the roof of a hall and showing the
ventilating shaft in section.
Fig. 2 is a plan of the shaft looking from below.
Fig. 3 is a cross section on line x-r Fig. 1 showing the ventilating fan.
Fig. 4 is a front view and Fig. 5 a longitudinal horizontal section to a large
scale of an air inlet to the hall.
Fig. 6 is a vertical section of an inlet shaft for mechanical ventilation.
Fig. 7 is an inverted plan showing the under side of the air outlets l.
Fig. 8 is a vertical section taken through an air conduit.
Fig. 9 is a horizontal section of the conduit on the line X¹ X¹ Fig. 8.
Referring to the drawings, Figs. 1 to 5 show a system of ventilation wherein
the foul and vitiated air is extracted by means of the fan a on the roof and the
fresh air is admitted by means of air ducts b, B, located in the walls of the
building.
The extracting fan a is carried in bearings on cross bars c, c³, secured to the
ventilating shaft A and is driven by a band d from a small electric motor E
upplied with electricity from a voltaic battery F located on the ceiling joists e.
The battery, part of which is only shown at Fig. 1, is, preferably, arranged and
vorked as described in the Specification of my other aforesaid Patent of even

page_text: date herewith. The vitiated air is drawn up through the passages or faucets f to
the shaft A and forced out at the top.
The fresh pure air is, by the action of the fan a, drawn in through the inlet
ducts b, B, any number of which may be arranged around the interior to be
ventilated. These ducts consist of the pipe 6 having a bent end piece 3¹ which is
capable of being turned round. A valve g is fitted in the pipe b and is capable of
being turned by a handle gl so as to regulate the draught.
Each pipe delivers the air into a diffuser B, of the form of a truncated oblong
or square pyramid, (or a cone) which is fitted in the wall. This diffuser is divided
into cells or compartments h, by means of vertical and horizontal partitions i. The
face of the diffuser is preferably covered over with wire gauze or perforated metal
as at j. These diffusers spread the air current and at the same time diffuse and
subdivide it to such an extent as to prevent disagreeable draughts.
Figs. 6 and 7 show a "mechanical" system of ventilation wherein the pure air is
drawn into the building by a fan a operated in the same manner as before. In
this case the inlet shaft D is provided with a partition D¹ in which a number of
outlet pipes arranged in a circle are fitted. These pipes can be made in sections
capable of being jointed together. The pipes are bent outwards and have
removable caps or covers provided with wire gauze or perforated metal face
pieces 1. The pipes fit and are preferably capable of turning on the cone tubes m
fitted in the partition D'. m² are semi-circular deflectors fitted round the under-
sides of the cone tubes m. n is a central cone fitted on the underside of the
partition and which deflects the upward air current towards the surrounding cone
tubes m.
The air for the fan can be drawn along and through conduits E (Figs. 8 and 9)
having zig-zag passage ways o formed therein by means of angular deflecting
pieces p, p, and removable wooden diamond shaped deflectors q. The deflecting
pieces and the diamond deflectors are preferably covered with blanket or other
absorbent material q'. There may be arranged above the conduits a water or
disinfecting fluid cistern s. The water may be scented or the cistern may be filled
with eau-de-cologne or like scent. The cistern has perforated pipes s¹ connected
with it through which the liquid drops on to the blanket or other absorbent
material and keeps it constantly wet. 2 are cut off taps. The air as it passes
along the conduit strikes against the zig-zag sides of the passage ways and owing
to the wet condition of the absorbent material, becomes moistened and cooled,
and, if the water is scented, has also imparted to it a sweet and agreeable odour.
The arrangement Figs. 8 and 9 can be used for natural draught inlets or
conduits.
The arrangement Figs. 6 and 7 can be used for air inlets in cases where the
draught is either natural or caused by a suction fan arrangement as at Fig. 1.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what 1
consider novel and desire to claim is :-
1. A system of ventilation wherein ventilating fans or air propellers are used
and are driven by means of one or more electric motors supplied with electricity
from one or more primary or secondary batteries, substantially as herein before
set forth.
2. The cellular diffuser B constructed and arranged substantially as hereinbefore
described and shown at Figs. 4 and 5 of the drawings annexed.
3. An air inlet shaft with its parts constructed and arranged substantially as
herein before described and shown at Figs. 6 and 7 of the drawings annexed.
Dated this 15th day of June 1895.
H. D. FITZPATRICK,
70 Wellington Street, Glasgow, Agent.