Improvements in or relating to the Glazing of Horticultural Houses and other Structures.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Aug., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 28th June, 1894-Accepted, 18th Aug.,
1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to the Glazing of Horticultural Houses
and other Structures.
I CHARLES OSBORNE of No. 28 Finsbury Pavement London E.C. Horticultural
Builder and Hot Water Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
In glass houses or other erections for horticultural and other purposes or in glass
roofs or skylights, it has hitherto been the practice to use sash bars to which are
affixed, by means of rebates or groves and putty, or other like material, or by means
of various devices of lead zinc or other metals in place of the above, the glass
forming the covering. These have all necessitated the use of a large number of
sash bars or bearers of wood or other material on which to rest the sides or ends of
the
panes of glass.
These sash bars have required a large amount of work in preparing fixing and
glazing, making a heavy and expensive house, roof or skylight and in addition
involving a continual expense in painting and repainting such bars.
The object of my invention is to do away entirely with these, or most of these
sash bars, and in place thereof on or over the framework of the building roof or
other space required to be covered with glass, to strain wires of metal of sufficient
strength and at suitable distances apart.
These strained wires form the supports for the panes of glass, the glass being laid
upon or against such supports with or without overlap and being secured thereto
and held firmly in place by clips of wire bent in such a form as to effect this
object.
By these means I provide a covering of glass lighter in weight and appearance,
very strong and durable, and admitting more light, at a greatly reduced first cost,
and involving much less cost in maintaince.
Dated this 28th day of Ano 1902
Improvements in or relating to the Glazing of Horticultural Houses
and other Structures.
I, CHARLES OSBORNE of 28 Finsbury Pavement, in the City of London,
Horticultural Builder and Hot Water Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
In glass houses or other erections for horticultural and other purposes, or in glass
roofs or skylights, it has hitherto been the practice to use sash bars to which are
affixed by means of rebates or grooves and putty, or other like material, or by means
of various devices of lead, zinc or other metals in place of the above, the glass
forming the covering. These have all necessitated the use of a large number of
sash bars or bearers of wood or other material on which to rest the sides or ends
of the panes of glass. These sash bars have required a large amount of work in
PR

page_text: preparing, fixing and glazing, making a heavy and expensive house, roof or
skylight, and in addition involving a continual expense in painting and repairing
such bars.
The object of my invention is to do away entirely with these or most of these
sash bars and use wires instead of them.
The invention may be applied to an ordinary framework of wood, or wood and
iron or steel combined, consisting of pillars, sills, top plates, ridge, end rafters
only, and ordinary door framing. At convenient distances apart are fixed,
between the top plates and ridge, principals or thrusts of steel or iron of
convenient form and suitable strength, and to these are attached metal rods or
other known devices for tying; all these however constitute no separate part of my
present invention.
In place of the ordinary rafters and sash bars, I adopt the following materials
and method for supporting and holding firmly the glass covering.
The invention will be best understood by reference to the accompanying drawings
in which :-
Figure 1 is a plan or elevation, and
Figure 2 a section on line 2-2 of Figure 1 of portion of a glazed structure
formed according to my invention.
Figures 3, 4, 5 and 6 are different views of one of the wire clips by which the
glass is secured in position.
Figures 7 and 8 are views of an alternative form of the clip which may also serve
for repairing purposes and
Figure 9 is a sheet metal blank from which the clip shown in Figures 7 and 8 is
formed.
Like letters indicate like parts throughout the drawings.
Holes are bored through the sills and all intervening framework to the opposite
sill, at exactly corresponding distances apart, and through these borings, wires AA'
called herein carriers, of sufficient strength, of galvanized iron or steel, or preferably
of copper and alloys, are passed, and at each sill end of such wires, it is strained to
the required tension by screw nuts, or other suitable means not shown in the
drawings, and secured. In half or three quarter span houses, the wires A are
secured at sill and wall plate; in pits or similar structures, glass roofs only, or
skylights, they are strained and secured in a similar manner at the terminable ends.
For the ends of glass houses and such like structures, the carriers A A' pass from
sill to rafter and are finished in the same way.
Parallel with the ridge and top plates, Í fix on the principals or thrusts, at
suitable distances apart, flat bars of iron or steel on edge, the more effectually to
secure and keep rigid the carriers A A' and glass panes B B' etc.
For the purpose of top ventilation, any of the ordinary known forms can be
adopted and applied.
Before proceeding to glaze the house etc., I fix on one end of each pane of glass,
parallel with what will be the upper edge of such pane of glass when in position, a
strip C of glass of the same thickness as that employed in glazing, and of the
same width as the lap allowed in fixing the pane, and of a length sufficient to fill
the space between the clips D D' etc. hereinafter referred to. These strips are fixed
to the glass pane B by means of an ordinary liquid cement which is transparent,
and impervious to heat and moisture.
Proceeding to glaze the house etc. I place the end pane of either lower row, say
the pane or portion marked B' with its bottom edge on the sill, or top plate, and
one of its sides in the corner pillar, or end rafter not shown in the drawing, the
reverse side lying against, or on, the first wire carrier A. I next place the third
pane of glass say B2 on the sill or top plate and lay it against, or on, the carrier A'
and the next succeeding carrier, the latter not shown in the drawing. Returning
to the space between the first and third panes B1 B2 I lay the end of the second
pane B³ on the sill or top plate, and its sides on the sides of the first two applied
panes B B giving a sufficient lap as at B. This operation is continued to the

page_text: end of the row. The wire clips D D' are then placed in position above the first
or lower row of panes the hook or bend D2 being passed under the carriers A. A'
the bend D³ over the upper edge of the panes B¹B³ and the hook D* over the upper
edge of the pane B³.
Beginning the row of panes next above the last described, the first pane say Bo
is set with its side in the pillar or rafter, lapping it on and over the pane B' below
it with its other side on the carrier A, it then slides into the part or hook D³ of the
clip. The next pane of glass to be fitted is the third viz.: B lapped in like manner
on the lower pane B and dropped into the part or hook D of the clip D...
Returning again to the space between the first and third panes B B the second
pane B is placed at the lower corners in the appropriate grooves D of the clips D D'
and its sides laid upon the sides of the first (B³) and third (B) panes as before
described and its vertical edges bearing against the bent-in portions D' of the two
clips D D. It will thus be seen that one clip holds four corners of as many panes
of glass in a tight and secure grip, and by its form no movement of the glass can
take place in any direction.
The glazing is continued in this manner to its completion.
It will be observed that the space which would be left at the lap of the
upper and lower panes, is equal to the thickness of the glass employed, this is
effectually closed by the strips C of glass cemented on the panes as before
described.
The clips of wire D D¹ for holding the glass are made right and left handed
and of the most suitable form to pass round under the wire carriers and to clip.
or grip one corner of each of the four panes at the point where they meet and
overlap.
For replacing broken panes of glass, I use a clip such as shown in Figures 7 and 8-
made of hard sheet metal, preferably copper or alloys of copper.
These clips are formed out of blanks of the shape shown in Figure 9 and when
they are to be used for repairing purposes they are folded or bent only at the
portions indicated by the dotted lines marked d the bends at d' d' being subsequently
made after the new pane has been laid in position. The clips bent on the lines d
are pushed into position and the new pane inserted. The lugs d³ are then each
turned aside at the line d' after which the inwardly projecting end of the clip is
bent down on the line d' over the upper edge of the next lower pane, at the line d
against the vertical thereof and at the line d so that the lug is brought below the
carrier A or A' when the fastening is complete thereby securing the meeting corners
of the four panes as previously described. Alternatively this flat metal clip bent
as shown in Figures 7 and 8 may be used throughout for securing the glass, instead
of the before described wire clips.
The before described construction of glazed partition, wall or roof is applicable.
to any desired parts of structures whether said parts be vertical, horizontal or
inclined.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
:-
1. In a glazed structure the use of metal wires or carriers strained and secured.
for supporting and carrying glass substantially as described.
2. In a glazed structure the combination with metal wires or carriers such as
claimed in the preceding claim of metal wire clips such as D or D₁ for attaching or
securing glass panes to the wire supports or carriers and to each other substantially
as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
3. In a glazed structure the combination with metal wires or carriers such as
claimed in the first preceding claim of sheet metal clips for fixing or attaching
the glass panes to the wire supports or carriers and to each other or for use when
replacing broken panes substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.

page_text: 4. In a glazed structure the use of glass strips such as C for stopping the inter-
stices between the overlapping portions of the glass panes substantially as described
and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
5. The employment for glazing purposes of a clip substantially as described and
illustrated in Figures 3, 4 5 and 6 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 27th day of June 1894.
CHARLES OSBORNE.
W. P. Thompson & Boult,
Agents for the Applicant.