Improvements in or relating to the Manufacture of Coke.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Nov., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 14th Sept., 1892-Accepted, 15th Oct!, 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to the Manufacture of Coke.
We, Sir GEORGE ELLIOT, Bart. of 23 Great George Street, Westminster, in
the County of Middlesex, Colliery Proprietor, and JOHN MACGOWAN Junior of
Harecastle Collieries, near Stoke on Trent, in the County of Stafford,. Mining
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of coke and has special relation to the
desulphurization of the coke, and if desired to the recovery of the sulphur. In
carrying out the invention we prefer to proceed as follows:-
We employ any convenient form of coking oven with a flue or chimney in the
upper part by which the fumes are carried to the end part of the furnace and then
pass by a tortuous course underneath the floor of the furnace imparting a portion of
their heat thereto. It is preferred that the flue should enter the space under the
floor of the oven at about the centre of one end or side and facing this opening
should be a baffle plate or wall leaving the proper area for the flue which in its full
size may be continued to the end of the floor and thence rises and allows the escape
of the fumes. The first baffle plate has the effect of splitting the volume of smoke
and gases arising from the coke which thence take opposite directions turning again
at the end of the baffle plate and meeting centrally and passing together through a
suitable passage when they again meet another baffle plate and are divided and
re-joined and so on as often as may be required. This arrangement is preferred but
so long as a sufficiently lengthy course is provided for the fumes underneath the
floor of the oven to receive the greater part of their heat from them the precise
arrangement of flue is immaterial. In the lower portion of the oven is a pipe con-
nected with any suitable form of exhaust fan or suction apparatus by which the
sulphur and heavier gases which would collect in the lower part of the oven and
would not be removed through the upper flue, can be drawn off. This drawing off
we prefer only to effect at the termination of the coking process and if desired after
the admission of steam and water to the contents of the oven. The steam and
water may be introduced in any desired manner but preferably the steam is first
introduced and then the water under considerable pressure. At a suitable point in
the suction pipe we may provide a chamber having a water seal to prevent the
ingress of air by the suction pipe during the coking process and while the suction
apparatus is not working; and we may if desired draw off the water from the
chamber when the suction apparatus is at work. The same effect may be attained
by means of a suitable valve or damper which could be closed and opened as
required.
To facilitate the access of the steam into the body of the coke we find it
convenient to flute the floor or otherwise arrange it so that the steam shall have the
opportunity of attacking as much of the charge of coke in the oven as possible.
Dated this 14th day of November 1891.
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicants.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to the Manufacture of Coke.
We, Sir GEORGE ELLIOT, Bart. of 23 Great George Street, Westminster, in
the County of Middlesex, Colliery Proprietor, and JOHN MACGOWAN, Junior of
Harecastle Collieries near Stoke on Trent, in the County of Stafford, Mining
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention relates to the manufacture of coke and has special relation to
the desulphurisation of the coke, and if desired to the recovery of the sulphur. In
carrying out the invention we prefer to proceed as follows ;-
We employ any convenient form of coking oven with a flue in the upper part by
which the fumes are carried from the top to sole of the oven and then pass by a
tortuous course underneath the floor of the oven imparting a portion of their heat
thereto. It is preferred that the flue should enter the space under the floor of the
oven at about the centre of one end or side and facing this opening should be a
baffle plate or wall leaving the proper area for the flue which in its full size may be
continued to the end of the floor and thence rises and allows the escape of the fumes.
The first baffle plate has the effect of splitting the volume of smoke and gases
arising from the coke which thence takes opposite directions turning again at the
end of the baffle plate and meeting centrally and passing together through a
suitable passage when they again meet another baffle plate and are divided and
re-joined and so on as often as may be required. This arrangement is preferred
but so long as a sufficiently lengthy course is provided for the fumes underneath the
floor of the oven to receive the greater part of their heat from them the precise
arrangement of flue is immaterial. In the lower portion of the oven is a pipe con-
nected with any suitable form of exhaust fan or suction apparatus by which the
sulphur and heavier gases which would collect in the lower part of the oven and
would not be removed through the upper flue, can be drawn off. This drawing off
we prefer only to effect at the termination of the coking process and if desired after
the admission of steam and water to the contents of the oven. The steam and water
may be introduced in any desired manner but preferably the steam is first
introduced and then the water under considerable pressure. At a suitable point in
the suction pipe we may provide a chamber having a water seal to prevent the
ingress of air by the suction pipe during the coking process and while the suction
apparatus is not working; and we may if desired draw off the water from the
chamber when the suction apparatus is at work. The same effect may be attained
by means of a suitable valve or damper which could be closed and opened as
required.
To facilitate the access of the steam into the body of the coke we find it
convenient to flute the floor or otherwise arrange it so that the steam shall have the
opportunity of attacking as much of the charge of coke in the oven as possible.
In the accompanying drawings
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal vertical section on the line 1-1 of Fig. 3 through a
bench of three coke ovens constructed according to this invention.
Fig. 2 is a horizontal section on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a view the left hand end in plan and the right hand end in horizontal
section on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1 and
Fig. 4 drawn to a larger scale than Figs. 1 to 3 is part of a transverse section
through the lower part of one of the ovens.
Like letters indicate like parts throughout the drawings.
A are the ovens preferably of beehive shape cach of which is formed with a
neck B the upper part of which opens out through the brick work C and constitutes
the opening through which the oven is charged, B₁ being a plate for covering this

page_text: opening during the coking operation. D is a branch leading from the neck B down
one side of the oven A and connecting with the flue E which passes beneath the
sole or floor A¹ of the oven. The flue E is provided with baffle plates E' of any
desired form and adapted to cause the smoke and gases arising from the coking
operation to take a tortuous route beneath the floor A' of the oven to give off as
much of their heat as possible before they are led by the horizontal flue F and
vertical flue G to the horizontal main flue H. D' is a branch directly connecting
the flue H with one of the flues D, and D² D³ are dampers for controlling the
passage of the smoke and gases through the flues D and D. H' are dampers
provided one for each oven for controlling the passage of smoke through the main
Hue and enabling any one of the series to be cut out and G₁ are dampers for
controlling the passage of the smoke and gases through the flues G.
At the lower ends of the flues D are provided the horizontal passages D³ the
outer ends of which opening through the brick work C are normally closed by plugs
or bricks D. By removing the bricks access may be had to the passages D³ and D
for cleaning or other purposes or for use as sight holes. The outer ends of the
passages Fare similarly provided with plugs or bricks F¹.
A are tiles secured obliquely in the lower corner of the oven and at slight
intervals apart so that the heavy sulphurous fumes may readily have access to the
pipe I provided for their removal at or below the level of the floor A'. This pipe I,
one of which is applied to each oven, may be formed of cast iron and extends only
partially through the wall of the oven, the inner part I being preferably formed of
fire-clay or other refractory material to provide against the pipe I being burnt. To
the outer end of the pipe I is fitted an elbow J, the lower end of which dips down
into water contained in a box K to the upper part of which is secured an exhaust
pipe L connected with all of the boxes K of the series as shown in Fig. 3. M is
the pipe fitted with branches M' and cocks M² for supplying and maintaining the
water at a proper level in the boxes K, and N is a pipe fitted with a cock N'
for allowing the water to be withdrawn. O is the removable cover of a hole for
enabling the hand or a suitable implement to be introduced for cleaning out the
box K. J' is a similar cover and hole for enabling the elbow J and pipe II' to be
cleansed.
After
H2 are temporally closed openings for enabling access to be had to the interior of
the main flue H and vertical flues G. In operating the before described apparatus
a charge is introduced through the neck B and the plate B' placed in position over
the open end of B and properly luted-up damper D² being closed and
dampers HD and G¹ opened. The volatile products escaping from the charge
pass through the neck B down the flue D to the flue E where they pass in the
various directions indicated by the arrows in Fig. 2 until they reach the flue F
which conducts them to the vertical flue G and thence to the main flue H.
escaping from the flue H the waste heat may be utilized for generating steam for
the coking plant or for any other desired purpose. By closing damper H' and
opening dampers D2 D & G¹ the waste heat passing through flue H from the oven
or ovens preceding it in the bench will be diverted and pass along the flue D¹
directly down to the flue E whence it will pass through flues F and G to the flue H.
In this manner the heating of an oven whose heats may be down from any cause
may be assisted by the smoke and gases escaping from other ovens in which the
coking operation is proceeding.
If desired by closing damper D the gases from a certain number of the bench of
ovens may be relieved of their tar and ammonia and purified either by lime or oxide
and may thereafter be used for illuminating purposes or they may be passed crude
into the flue H to assist in heating the ovens A, or should the heat of any oven be
down owing to having been rendered inoperative or cut out of the series for repairs
or other cause the waste heat may be utilized for regenerating the oven.
The drawing off through the pipe I I¹ of the sulphurous fumes which are too
heavy to pass off with the lighter gases during the process of coking through the
neck B is effected at the termination of the coking process and during the admission

page_text: of the necessary amount of water for quenching. Damper G₁ should be closed
previous to working the exhauster and also during the withdrawal of the coke.
The water seal around the elbow J effectually prevents the ingress of air through
the pipe II into the oven during the process of coking and the water is readily
drawn off from the boxes K so as to leave no obstruction to exhaustion, it being
understood that the water is only introduced into the boxes K for preventing the
ingress of air into the ovens during the coking process and that as soon as it is
required to withdraw the heavy sulphurous fumes from the oven the water from
these boxes is drawn off.
Although in the accompanying drawings we have shown only three ovens in the
bench, there illustrated we wish it understood that if preferred six of such ovens
could be provided in each bench though more or less than this number may be
used.
By exhaustion from off the floor level in the oven at the time of damping down
the charge as hereinbefore described, we succeed in reducing the percentage of
sulphur and thereby enhancing the commercial value of the coke produced. The
before described arrangement of bye-pass flues enables the waste heat from one or
more ovens to be utilized for maintaining the temperature of the other ovens not
only for simple coke-making between the times of re-charging or in case of repairs
(such regularity of temperature being very necessary in order to produce a well
developed coke of good uniform cell structure and density and at the same time
obtaining a maximum yield of carbon) but also in case of it being desired to recover.
the bye-products from any of the ovens in the bench.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we 'declare that what we
claim is ;-
1. In a bench of two or more coke ovens the combination with the neck or
outlet B of flues such as D E F and G the flue E being provided with baffles such
as E' substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
2. In a bench of two or more coke ovens the combination with the neck or
outlet B and main flue H and flues such as D E F and G of a branch flue D¹
connecting the main flue H with the flue D substantially as described and illustrated
in the accompanying drawings.
3. In a bench of two or more coke ovens the combination with the neck or
outlet B and flues D D E F G and H of dampers such as D³ D2 G¹ and H¹
substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
4. The combination with a coke oven of an outlet pipe such as 1 I¹ at or below
the level of the floor of said oven.
5. The combination with a coke oven and outlet pipe such as 1 I' of tiles such
as A2 laid obliquely at the bottom corner of the oven and a liquid seal for closing
pipe II during the coking operation and for allowing the free exhaustion of the
sulphurous fumes by removing the liquid forming the seal substantially as described
and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 10th day of September 1905
GEORGE ELLIOT.
JOHN MACGOWAN, JUNR.
W. P. Thompson & Boult,
Agents for the Applicants.