CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS STOVES FOR WARMING, COOKING, AND OTHER PURPOSES, AS ALSO IN THE SAUCEPANS, KETTLES, OR OTHER UTENSILS TO BE USED WITH THE SAME
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Neall, Gas Engineer, of the Town and County
of Northampton, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS
STOVES FOR WARMING, COOKING, AND OTHER PURPOSES, AS ALSO IN THE
SAUCEPANS, KETTLES, OR OTHER UTENSILS TO BE USED WITH THE SAME."
Sealed the 14th December 1858, and dated the 14th June 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Neal at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th June 1858.
I, GEORGE NEALL, Gas Engineer; of the Town and County of Northampton,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE
MENTS IN GAS STOVES FOR WARKING. COOKING, AND OTHER PURPOSES, AS ALSO IN
THE SAUCEPANS, KETTLES, OR OTHER UTENSILS TO BE USED WITH THE SAME," to be
as follows (that is to say):-
My Invention consists in constructing a stand or support of two, three, or
more uprights secured to a cast iron or otherwise formed base or rim, allowing
free ingress for the air, either through or under it, to which a circular or other
shaped tube is attached, fitted with a stop-cock for regulating the flow of gas;
and in this circular or other shaped gas tube holes are drilled, or burners
attached for as many jets of gas as may be necessary for cooking or heating,
according to the size of stove to which they may be applied. The stand first
described terminates at the top with a circular rim, with or without cross bars,

page_text: for a saucepan, dish, or other cooking utensil to rest on or in; and between
that and the bottom, on the inside of the uprights, small brackets are placed
for carrying or supporting one or more shelves for other additional culinary
purposes when required; so that one shelf may be appropriated for baking,
another for boiling, another for stewing, as required; or the shelves may be
removed, and a joint or joints of meat suspended from cross bars, with a
suitable dripping pan necessary for that mode of cooking. Over this stand,
and resting on the base at the bottom, I place a portable cylinder, fitted with
handles at the sides, by which it may be lifted off and on; this cylinder may
rise any convenient height above the stand before described, the top edge of
which may be serrated or pierced with holes, the use of which will be here-
after seen.
I cover this cylinder with another one, made air-tight at the top,
and extending down some twelve or fourteen inches, more or less, as desired,
over the inner cylinder, and which must be sufficiently large to allow the air
that enters the bottom of the stove, and which escapes through the per-
forations, or over the serrated edge at the top, as before referred to, to pass
down on the outside of the inner or main cylinder, and inside of the top or
outer cylinder, escaping away under its lower edge; this cover or outer
cylinder must be larger than the inner one; in practice I have found three-
eighths of an inch to answer well, as it allows sufficient space for the free
escape of the heated air, so that in use a large body of rarefied air is held
within the cylinders, which throw off a large body of radiate heat, at the same
time that the heat within may be used for culinary and other such like
purposes.
For the purpose of increasing the surface for radiating heat, I prefer
making the cylinders, as also the top or cover, of corrugated iron, which
will improve its general appearance, as well as increase its strength.
A modification of this gas stove, with a suitable cooking vessel for the same,
consists in serrating the top edge of the base or stand, and allowing the
cooking utensil to extend over it, so that the flame of gas and heated air
becomes greatly divided escaping through or between the serrations and the
bottom of the vessel, which I construct with a lot of concentric shallow rings
on its bottom, which will have the effect of holding in the heated air; over
this a cylindrical cover (corrugated or otherwise) may be placed or not, as
required, for throwing off additional heat.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
on the
by the said George Neall in the Great Seal Patent Office
14th December 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
NEALL, Gas Engineer, of the Town and County of Northampton, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said George Neall. Her special license that I, the said George Neall,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
George Neall, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others. from time to time and at all times thereafter,
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
IMPROVE.
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for " CERTAIN
MENTS IN GAS STOVES FOR WARMING, COOKING. AND OTHER PURPOSES. AS ALSO IN
THE SAUCEPANS, KETTLES, OR OTHER UTENSILS TO BE USED WITH THE SAME," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said George Neall, by an instru-
ment in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Neall, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say):-
The nature and object of my Invention is not only to simplify the con-
struction of gas cooking and heating stoves, but also to render them more
convenient and thereby economic, for the same stove that can be used
beneficially for the boiling of a kettle or saucepan of water. or other fluid.
may, be addition of other parts, be made capable of cooking pastry, baking
joints, and stewing and frying other dishes, all at the same time, without
increasing the consumption of gas, and while it may be thus employed,
it is capable of throwing off a large amount of radiate heat, and by my
arrangement I obtain a far greater result of utility than has hitherto been

page_text: obtained from the use of portable gas stoves, yet I effect this with comparative
little consumption of gas, and which gas. by my arrangement, is so perfectly
consumed that in its combustion no smoke or smell is evolved, and con-
sequently no soot is made to cake or form over the bottom of the vessel or
plate that may be placed over it; but as my description will be much aided
and better understood by referring to the Drawings hereunto annexed, I will
proceed to describe the same, reference being made to the figures and letters
marked thereon, observing that the same parts as they occur in different or
separate views. are marked with the same letters.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a front view of a stove made according to my improvements.
with the outside case and cover represented in section, and a part of the base
removed, for the better exhibiting the parts in connection with it. Secured to
the cast-iron base are the uprights marked A. A. A. which uprights are com-
posed of thin strips of iron. about double the thickness of hoop iron, and which
strips are forged at the bottom into a shank for passing through a hole in the
hase, to be secured by its being tapped and held by a nut, as may be seen at
that part of the base which is represented in section marked B. C. C. is a
circular piece of cast or wrought iron. having a flange at its bottom projecting
inward; to this hoop the uprights A. A. A. are united by rivetting or screwing.
and for the sake of strength the hoop D, D., may also be introduced, provided
in like manner with a flange on its inner and lower edge; the part marked E
is a dripping pan. to which three uprights are secured, marked F. F, F; these
uprights are connected to a open circular rim at the top. marked G.
The
gas is admitted through a tube at the side, fitted with a stop-cock for regula-
tion, and connected on the inside to a continuous hollow ring, marked H, H,
and which hollow ring or tube is shown in section at I. I do not purpose
confining myself to any exact manner of allowing the gas to escape from this
circular ring for combustion, as a series of small holes may be drilled on the
upper surface of the ring for jets of gas to come through; or batwing or other
burners may be used, or small vertical tubes may be applied over the jet holes
in the circular ring, which tubes I purpose making with an air way or ways at or
near that part of them where they are secured to the circular ring: the effect
of these air ways are to supply the gas at or near where it escapes from the
circular ring, with a due supply of air, by which means I obtain perfect com-
bustion, and the entire absence of any obnoxious and unconsumed gases that
otherwise would be thrown off or evolved. The cast-iron stand is so made
that a rim is formed around its top edge, which rim is marked J, J. inside

page_text: of which is a set-off for the outer cylinder to rest in, which cylinder is here
represented, as before stated, in a complete vertical section, and which cylinder
is marked K, K, K, K; around the top edge of this cylinder a lot of slots or
holes are formed the use. of which will be hereafter described. L, L, L, L, is
a cover, and which cover should be air-tight, or as near so as possible, and
secured to the cylinder K by rivets, which, being of a uniform length, the
cylinder will be secured perfectly concentric with the cover and rim, the latter
projecting beyond the cylinder about three-eights of an inch, more or less, as
may be required.
Having described the general construction of this portable cooking and
heating stove, and the relative object of the several parts. I will now describe
its action. The stove being placed in any convenient situation, and connected
by means of a flexible or other tube to a suitable supply pipe, the gas will flow
through the open tap M to the circular tube H, and being lit, its action will
commence, which will be to greatly heat and rarify the air confined within the
cylinder K and cover and rim L, and as its action proceeds. the rarified air
will escape over the top edge of the cylinder K, as well as through the slots
N, N, N. &c., and pass down between the cylinder K and the rim of the cover
marked L, as indicated by the arrows marked 0, 0, 0, 0, and according to the
depth of the rim L. L, so also is the effect increased or modified as the more
the hot air is confined, the better will be the result. and the more radiate heat
will be thrown off. while the heated air within may be used for the various
culinary purposes before named, as a plate of iron, as exhibited in a detached
flat view at Fig. 2, or radial bars, as exhibited also detached at Fig. 3, may be
placed within either of the rims C, C; or D, D, and upon either or both of
them may be placed a vessel for boiling water or other purposes, or stewing
baking, &c., or joints of meat, game, or poultry may be similarly placed, the
fat or dripping from which will fall into the dripping pan below (placed for
that purpose), and as the heat entirely surrounds the provisions so being
cooked, no turning. basting, or attendance are required until the cooking is
completed, by computing the time with the weight or size of the provisions
requiring to be cooked, to facilitate which the complete cylinder K, K. with
its cover and rim, may be attached to a chain with a suitable balance which
would facilitate its being elevated or lowered, or two guide rods may be fixed
to the base, and suitably connected at the top, from the top of which chains
may be connected to the cover, so as to clevate it by means of a counterpoise,
when required; and I may observe, the dripping pan shown also in a detached
view at Fig. 4, is so constructed that a dish or meat rest may be placed on
the top rim G, G, thus making it conserve the further utility of the stove, and

page_text: to save the application of further means of holding dishes, &c.. as attached to
the uprights A, A, A, in like or similar manner to C. C. and D. D. Fig. 6 is
a top view of Figure 1, with the cylinder and cover removed, showing the
dripping pan E placed in its position concentric with the uprights A. A. A. as
also the circular tube of burners supplied from the pipe and tap marked M.
Before concluding the general description of Figure 1. I will observe, where
much radiate heat is desirable, I prefer making the cylinder and rim of corru-
gated or fluted iron. which may be easily done by passing sheet iron between
suitable rolls, and the cover. instead of being flat, may be stamped in radial
flutes or beads, as at P. Fig. 5, which represents a top view of a cover parily
broken off for convenience of space. Fig. 7 is a modification of Figure 1,
drawn to a scale double the size, and to be used with or without a cylinder,
as will be hereafter described, a part of the cast-iron base or side is repre-
sented broken away, for the purpose of showing the supply pipe Q and centre
burner R. A little way down from the (irregular) top edge of the casting I
.place a flat rim of iron. here shown partly in section marked S. for the purpose
of confining the heat between this and the vessel or pan that may be placed
Jon the top for cooking. The burner I have here represented is the one before
described as being preferable for such kinds of stoves. as they ensure perfect
combustion. R may be a cast-iron or other metal tube, brazed or otherwise
secured to the supply pipe Q. and concentric with this vertical tube, a small
hole drilled into the supply pipe Q. for the escape of a jet of gas, and at or
near the part of R, where it unites with Q, a side hole or holes are formed,
as here shown, and when the gas is turned on and lit at the top of the tube R,
a due proportion of air rushes through the aperture or apertures T, and pro-
duces the most beneficial result, as complete and perfect combustion takes
place, and not one particle of soot will be deposited on the under side of the
vessel or plate placed over it. U is a thin disc of iron, sunk in the middle
dish form, as here shown, to which may be applied, if desired, a handle, as
represented. A distinct and separate view of this pan I have exhibited at
Fig. 8, where it will be seen that the bottom of the pan I purpose in some
instances to perforate with small. holes all over its bottom, in any regular or
irregular form; this pan so arranged will be found highly convenient to be
used with this stove for broiling chops, steaks, cutlets, &c., the fat or gravy
from which will pass through the holes, and be caught in a plate placed at the
bottom for that purpose. The projections marked V. V, V, are for a cylinder.
when it may be desirable to apply one to this kind of stove. For boiling or
other culinary purposes, it may be desirable to place on it the radial bars, as
exhibited at Figure 3. as it renders it convenient for using a large or small

page_text: saucepan or other vessel. Fig. 9 is a top view of Figure 7, showing the pro-
jections V, V. also the supply pipe Q and burner R. with the thin iron rim
marked S, S, as referred to in Figure 7.
Having thus described my general improvements in gas stoves, for the
purposes herein-before named, I will now describe my improvements in the
cooking apparatus that I prefer to be used with such stoves, and which more
particularly refer to vessels for boiling, &c.; and which improvements consist
in placing on the bottom of such vessels a series of concentric rings, which
vessels and rings may be made of tin for the purpose. These concentric rings I
purpose making from half an inch to an inch deep, and about an inch from
each other, more or less, as may be desired; the effect of these rings is to
hold and confine the heat, thereby facilitating the desired object.
Having now fully described the nature and object of my Invention, and the
manner of carrying the same into effect, I wish it understood that I do not
purpose confining myself to any of the proportions or arrangements herein
described and exhibited, as the whole may be diversified and considerably
changed without departing from the character and spirit of my Invention;
but what I do claim and wish to protect by these my in part recited Letters
Patent is, the general arrangement for cooking and heating by the aid of gas,
as herein described and exhibited, as also in the vessels, which may be
beneficially used with the same.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Neall, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Eleventh day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
Witness,
ALFRED PERRY,
Clerk to J. S. Cockings. Patent Agent,
Birmingham.
GEORGE NEALL. (L..S.)