IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MOULDING AND CASTING AND IN MALLETS TO BE USED IN MOULDING AND APPLICABLE OTHERWISE
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Boyd, and Thomas Alexander Boyd, of Shettle-
ston, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineers, for: an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MOULDING AND CASTING AND IN MALLETS
TO BE USED IN MOULDING AND APPLICABLE OTHERWISE,"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Boyd and Thomas
Alexander Boyd at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
25th October 1882.
JOHN BOYD, and THOMAS ALEXANDER BOYD, of Shettleston, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Engineers, "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MOULDING
AND CASTING AND IN MALLETS TO BE USED IN MOULDING AND APPLICABLE
OTHERWISE'
"
This Invention has principally for its object the economising of foundry plant
whilst securing accuracy and uniformity in a simple manner. It is most
advantageously applicable where a number of articles have to be cast off the samo
patterns, and may be adopted with either machine moulding or hand moulding.
The present improvements are applicable, but not exclusively so, with apparatus
of the kind described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to the present
applicants and dated 8 June 1874 (No. 1982).
When carrying out the Invention with a pair of flasks, the two flasks which
consist of open iron frames are made with the sides and any permanent cross bars
smooth and having an internal taper or bevil, which when the two flasks are put
together is continuous through both, so that both can be lifted away froin the
mould. In order that several upper flasks may be interchangeable with several
lower flasks, guiding pins, which are by preference of a square or angular section,
are adjustably fixed in lugs formed on the lower flasks, by preference at diagonally
opposite corners on each; and the upper flasks are formed with perforated lugs or
eyes to engage with the pins of the lower flasks. The perforated lugs of the upper
flasks have fixed to them by means of slots and screws, steel plates made with
angular or other counterpart notches to fit the angles of the guide pins; and

page_text: these plates can be easily adjusted with great accuracy in a manner to insure that
the Basks will go properly together. When a moulding machine having an open
turn-over frame as in the apparatus described in the earlier Specification herein-
before referred to, is used, similar adjustable steel plates with notches are fitted to
it, and the position of the lower flask upon the turn-over frame (in which the
duplex pattern plate is fixed) is accurately determined by the guide pins of the
flask engaging with the notched plates of the frame; whilst the position of the
upper flask on the turn-over frame is determined with equal accuracy by the
notched plates of the upper flask engaging with the guide pins which project
through the frame.
As soon as each mould is formed in a pair of flasks it is placed on the foundry
floor and the flasks are lifted off; and before the metal is cast in each mould there
is placed upon the mould a shell or open flask shaped internally exactly like the
pair of flasks in which the mould was formed, and this casting shell, as it may be
termed, prevents the molten metal from bursting through the sides of the mould.
When a large number of castings have to be made off the same patterns they
may all be moulded in one or two pairs of flasks; and a small number of casting
shells will suffice, because as soon as the metal sets in each mould the shell can be
lifted off and transferred to another mould.
The Invention also comprises an improved mallet to be used by moulders for
tapping the flasks and pattern plates in order to free the moulds from the patterns.
This improved mallet, which can also be used for other purposes, consists of an
.iron shank or handle having a ring or short tubular socket. formed at right angles
to the end of it. The mallet head is a round tapered piece of hard wood which is
inserted in the socket and as it is the larger end with which anything is struck the
use of the mallet tends to increase the firmness with which the head is wedged in
its socket

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Boyd and Thomas Alexander Boyd in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 24th April 1883.
JOHN BOYD, and THOMAS ALEXANDER BOYD, of Shettleston, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Engineers "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MOULDING
AND CASTING AND IN MALLETS TO BE USED IN MOULDING AND APPLICABLE
OTHERWISE "
Our said Invention has principally for its object the economising of foundry
plant whilst securing accuracy and uniformity in a simple manner. It is most
advantageously applicable where a number of articles have to be cast off the same
patterns, and may be adopted with either machine moulding or hand moulding.
Our present improvements are applicable, but not exclusively so, with apparatus
of the kind described in the Specification of our earlier patent dated 8 June 1874.
(N° 1982).
When carrying out our Invention with a pair of flasks, the two flasks which
consist of open iron frames are made with the sides and any permanent cross burs
smooth and having an internal taper or bevil, which when the two flasks are put
together is continuous through both, so that both can be lifted away from the
mould. In order that several upper flasks may be interchangeable with several
lower flasks, guiding pins, which are by preference of a square or angular section,
nre adjustably fixed in lugs formed on the lower flasks, by preference near diagonally
opposite corners on each; and the upper flasks are formed with perforated lugs or
eyes to engage with the pins of the lower flasks, accuracy being attained by means
of steel or chilled iron plates adjustably fixed on the lugs. When a moulding
machine having an open turn-over frame, as in the apparatus described in the
earlier Specification hereinbefore referred to, is used, similar adjustable steel or
chilled iron plates are fixed to it to engage with the pins of the flask and to secure
accuracy during the moulding operation.
As soon as each mould is formed in a pair of flasks it is placed on the foundry
floor and the flasks are lifted off; and before the metal is cast in each mould there
is placed on the mould a shell or open flask shaped internally exactly like the pair
of flasks in which the mould was formed, and this casting shell, as it may be termed,
prevents the molten metal from bursting through the sides of the mould.
When a large number of casting have to be made off the same patterns they
may all be moulded in one or two pairs of flasks; and a small number of casting
shells will suffice, because as soon as the metal sets in each mould the shell can be
lifted off and transferred to another mould.
Our Invention also comprises an improved mallet to be used by moulders for
tapping the flasks and pattern plates in order to free the moulds from the patterns.
This improved mallet which can also be used for other purposes is hereinafter
particularly described.
And in order that our said Invention and the manner of performing the same
may be properly understood we hereunto append two sheets of explanatory
drawings to be hereinafter referred to and representing examples of our improved
apparatus.
Figure, 1, on sheet, 1, of the accompanying drawings is a plan of a pair of plain
moulding flasks as made and fitted according to our Invention; and figures 2, and 3,
are corresponding side and end elevations. Figure, 4, is a plan of our casting flask;
and figures, 5 and 6, are corresponding side and end elevations. Figure 7, on

page_text: sheet 2, is a plan of our turn-over moulding frame, and figures 8, and 9, are sections
thereof as at right angles to each other. Figures 10, and 11, are a plan and a
vertical section showing the turn-over moulding frame with its pattern plate and
with the flasks in position on opposite sides of it. Figure, 12, is an elevation of
our improved tapping mallet. In these drawings the same reference numerals are
used to mark the same or like parts wherever they are repeated.
The flasks shown in figures 1, 2, and 3, when put together enclose a space which
is wider at the bottom than at the top, the taper being continuous through the two
flasks. This construction allows of the pair of flasks being lifted off together when
'the mould has been placed in the foundry floor; and shapes the outer sides of the
mould suitably for receiving the casting shell shown in figures, 4, 5, and 6.
The lower one, 13, of the pair of flasks, is formed with the usual handles and in
addition with lugs, 14, near diagonally opposite corners, and in these lugs are fixed
pins, 15, of a square section and having screwed shanks, to receive nuts by which
they are fixed to the lugs, the holes in the lugs being made slightly larger than the
parts of the pins in them to allow of accurate adjustment. The upper flask, 16, is
made with lugs or eyes, 17, for the pins, 15, to project through when the upper
flask is placed on the lower one. The holes in the lugs, 17, are large enough for
the pins, 15, to pass freely through them, but steel or chilled iron plates, 18, are
fixed upon the lugs, 17, to determine the exact positions of the pins, these steel or
chilled iron plates being made with angular notches fitting one of the angles of
each pin. The steel or chilled iron plates, 18, are placed in shallow grooves formed
in the tops of the lugs, 17, and are secured each by a pair of screw pins, the holes
for these screw pins being large enough to allow of accurate adjustment of the steel
or chilled iron plates.
When the moulding flasks, 13, 16, are combined with the turn-over moulding
frame, 19; as shown in figures 10 and 11, they are separated by the thickness of
the pattern plate, 20, but the engaging pins, 15, are made long enough to extend
through the lugs, 17, of the upper flask, 16. The engaging pins, 15, also serve
for securing accurate adjustment between the turn-over frame, 19, and the two
flasks, 13, 16, the frame, 19, having fixed on it steel or chilled iron pieces, 21,
made each with an angular notch to engage with the pins, 15, and fixed to the
frame by a screw pin passing through a hole made large enough to allow of
accurate adjustment. The moulding plate, 20, is shown as having fixed on it the
two half patterns for moulding a pulley.
Our improved tapping mallet shown in figure, 12, is made with an iron shank or
handle, 23, having a ring or short tubular socket, 24, formed at right angles to the
end of it. The mallet head, 25, is a round tapered piece of hard wood which is
inserted in the socket, 24, and as it is the larger end with which anything is struck
the use of the mallet tends to increase the firmness with which the head is wedged
in its socket.
Having thus particularly described our said Invention and the manner of
performing the same we have to state that we do not restrict ourselves to the
precise details herein described or delineated but that what we believe to be
novel and original and claim as the Invention secured to us by and in terms of the
herein before in part recited Letters Patent is :-
1. The constructing and fitting of a pair of moulding, flasks, with sinooth
internal surfaces and a taper which is continuous through both flasks; such flasks
being applied in combination with casting shells substantially as and for the
purposes herein before described.
2. The combination of the adjustable angular engaging pins, (15) and the
adjustable notched engaging plates (18 or 21) substantially as and for the purposes
herein before described.
3. The combination of the flasks having engaging pins (15) and engaging
plates (18) with the turn-over frame (19) having plates (21) to engage with the
šame pins (15) substantially as and for the purposes herein before described,

page_text: +. The fitting of the open turn-over frame of the moulding machine with
djustable angularly notched plates (21) to engage with square or other pins (15)
of the flasks substantially as herein before described.
5. The improved construction of mallet hereiubefore described with reference to
igure, 12, of of the accompanying drawings.
In Witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Alexander Boyd on behalf of the
said John Boyd and myself, have hereunto set my hand and seal this
twenty-third day of April in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and eighty-three.
T. A. BOYD. (L.S.)