Improvements in and relating to Hydraulic and other Motors.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 19th May, 1892
Complete Specification Left, 20th Mar., 1893 -Accepted, 13th May, 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Hydraulic and other Motors.
I, FRANCOIS VAN RYSSELBERGHE, of 42 Boulevard Bisschoffsheim, Brussels,
in the Kingdom of Belgium, Electrical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to hydraulic and other motors that are driven by means
of fluid jets escaping from orifices at a high velocity, and has for its object the
production of a motor that shall develop a high percentage of power and at
the same time work almost, if not quite, silently.
High pressure turbines, the admission of the motive fluid in which, being
" sirens
necessarily partial, or intermittent, act as
and produce a more or less
intense sound. Again, turbines constructed in the ordinary way with the usual
number and size of buckets develop but a poor efficiency when working under
very high pressure.
According to my invention I overcome these inconveniences and furthermore
regulate the speed of the turbine by means of an automatic regulator or governor.
Motors constructed as hereinafter described are applicable to all purposes, but
are particularly adapted for working dynamo machines with water under relatively
high pressure, say 50 atmospheres, which is the usual pressure adopted for
hydraulic-power distribution in cities.
To silence the turbine, which, as stated above, usually constitutes a powerful
siren, I employ two methods, each of which is of itself in a measure satisfactory,
but the combination of both affords a most perfect result, the motor at the same
time yielding a very high mechanical efficiency.
The first method is based upon the well-known fact that the human ear does
not perceive sound of a very high pitch, the limit of perception being about
10,000 vibrations per second. Even at 5,000 vibrations per second, the ear
perceives the sound only very faintly. According to this method I construct my
turbine with a very great number of very small buckets, these buckets are counter-
sunk in the edge of a bronze disc or ring as hereinafter described.
The sound method is based upon the fact that two sound waves acting
simultaneously will mutually interfere and produce silence when their lengths
are in the proportion of two to one. According to this method I actuate the
turbine by means of two jets disposed in such a way that the distances from their
centres is equal to half of the breadth of the buckets, or any multiple of that
distance. This arrangement I have found to bring about the desired interference
of the sound waves. This interference can also be produced by employing a
single jet for filling one and a half buckets, or two and a half, or three and a
half, and so on. As stated before it is a combination of these two means that
gives the most perfect results.
The disc in which the buckets are countersunk is made slightly conical in order
After the
that the section of the buckets may be increased towards their outlet.
buckets have been countersunk in the disc, a ring is passed over the said disc so as
to close the ends of the small countersunk grooves. This results in a very strong
construction of the disc, which is a most indispensable point on account of the
great centrifugal force developed with the turbine revolving at 20 revolutions
per second. The flow of the motive fluid to the buckets is controlled by a plug
cock so that it may be regulated according to the amount of work required.
To obviate the loss of head which would otherwise result I provide conducting
The section of such tubes is
tubes extending from the said cock to the buckets.
slightly greater than that of the desired jet so that the flow of the fluid produces a
vacuum, in them and the loss of head is obviated. Loss of head will of course

page_text: occur in the buckets but owing to their exceedingly small size it is reduced to a
minimum.
The hereinbefore mentioned governor acts upon the cock already described.
The plug of the said cock is connected to a shaft carrying a worm-wheel which
gears into a worm on a spindle carrying a bevel friction pulley. This is supported
between two other bevel friction pulleys which are connected to a sleeve which is
mounted upon a continuation of the axis of the motor and is connected thereto by
means of a feather or other device by which it is compelled to rotate with the said
extension of the shaft though at the same time it is free to slide longitudinally
thereon. This sleeve is acted upon either by a speed governor or by a voltage
regulator, when the motor is driving a dynamo, so that it is slid along its shaft.
According to which direction it is slid, one or other of its bevel friction wheels will
come into contact with that one on the worm-shaft which will be rotated in one
direction or the other according to which one of the sliding pulleys it is actuated
by. This movement will be transmitted through the worm and worm-wheel to the
plug cock and the supply of fluid to the motor will be thereby regulated so as to
restore the speed to its normal rate.
Dated this 19th dow of Mor 1800
CASTLE SMITH,
Invention" Office, 54, Fleet Street, London, E.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Hydraulic and other Motors.
I, FRANCOIS VAN RYSSELBERGHE, of 42 Boulevard Bisschoffsheim, Brussels,
in the Kingdom of Belgium Electrical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to hydraulic and other motors that are driven by means
of fluid jets escaping from orifices at a high velocity, and has for its object the
production of a motor that shall develop a high percentage of power and at the
same time work almost, if not quite, silently.
High pressure turbines, the admission of the motive fluid in which, being
necessarily partial or intermittent, act as "sirens" and produce a more or less
intense sound. Again, turbines constructed in the ordinary way with the usual
number and size of buckets develop but a poor efficiency when working under very
high pressure.
According to my invention I overcome these inconveniences and furthermore
regulate the speed of the turbine by means of an automatic regulator or governor.
Motors constructed as hereinafter described are applicable to all purposes, but are
particularly adapted for working dynamo machines with water under relatively
high pressure, say 50 atmospheres which is the usual pressure adopted for
hydraulic-power distribution in cities.
To silence the turbine, which, as stated above, usually constitutes a powerful
siren, I employ two methods, each of which is of itself in a measure satisfactory,
but the combination of both afford a most perfect result, the motor at the same
time yielding a very high mechanical efficiency.
The first method is based upon the well-known fact that the human ear does
not perceive sound of a very high pitch, the limit of perception being about
10,000 vibrations per second. Even at 5,000 vibrations per second, the ear
perceives the sound only very faintly. According to this method I construct my
turbine with a very great number of very small buckets, these buckets are counter-
sunk in the edge of a bronze disc or ring as hereinafter described.
The sound method is based upon the fact that two sound waves acting

page_text: simultaneously will mutually interfere and produce silence when their lengths are
in the proportion of two-to-one. According to this method I actuate the turbine
by means of two jets disposed in such a way that the distances from their centres
is equal to half of the breadth of the buckets, or any multiple of that distance.
This arrangement I have found to bring about the desired interference of the
sound waves.
This interference can also be produced by employing a single jet for
filling one and a half buckets, or two and a half, or three and a half, and so on.
As stated before it is a combination of these two means that gives the most perfect
results.
The disc in which the buckets are countersunk is made slightly conical in order
After the
that the section of the buckets may be increased towards their outlet.
buckets have been counter-sunk in the disc, a ring is passed over the said disc so as
to close the ends of the small counter-sunk grooves. This results in a very strong
construction of the disc, which is a most indispensable point on account of the
great centrifugal force developed with the turbine revolving at 20 revolutions per
second. The flow of the motive fluid to the buckets is controlled by a plug cock
so that it may be regulated according to the amount of work required.
To obviate the loss of head which would otherwise result I provide conducting
tubes extending from the said cock to the buckets. The section of such tubes is
slightly greater than that of the desired jet so that the flow of the fluid produces a
vacuum in them and the loss of head is obviated. Loss of head will of course
occur in the buckets but owing to their exceedingly small size it is reduced to a
minimum.
The hereinbefore mentioned governor acts upon the cock already described.
The plug of the said cock is connected to a shaft carrying a worm-wheel which
gears into a worm on a spindle carrying a bevel friction pulley. This is supported
between two other bevel friction pulleys which are connected to a sleeve which is
mounted upon a continuation of the axis of the motor and is connected thereto by
means of a feather or other device by which it is compelled to rotate with the said
extension of the shaft though at the same time it is free to slide longitudinally
thereon. This sleeve is acted upon either by a speed governor or by a voltage
regulator, when the motor is driving a dynamo, so that it is slid along its shaft.
According to which direction it is slid, one or other of its bevel friction wheels will
come into contact with that one on the worm-shaft which will be rotated in one
direction or the other according to which one of the sliding pulleys it is actuated
by. This movement will be transmitted through the worm and worm-wheel to the
plug cock and the supply of fluid to the motor will be thereby regulated so as to
restore the speed to its normal rate.
And in order that my invention may be more fully understood and carried into
practice, I will now proceed to describe the same with reference to the accom-
panying two sheets of drawings illustrative of this invention, of which
Fig. 1 shows a motor constructed according to this invention arranged to drive a
dynamo;
Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the buckets of the same and the arrangement for
admitting the motor fluid thereto, and
Fig. 3 illustrates the form of governor employed for regulating and equalizing
the speed of this motor.
As shown at Fig. 2 the disc or wheel a, b, c, d, in which the buckets are made is
slightly conical (as shown at a, c,) so as to increase the section of the bucket towards
the outlet. After the buckets are countersunk in the disc a, b, c, d, a ring a, c, e, f,
is passed over the disc so as to close the small grooves made in the mass of the
metal. The motive fluid is led to the buckets in the required direction by two
jets g, arranged as previously described for the purpose of reducing the sound
emitted by the apparatus in work. The fluid is supplied to these jets by means of
a plug cock h. It is obvious that by the rotation of the said plug the quantity of
fluid passing through the cock may be controlled and the force of the jets of water.
impinging from the buckets regulated accordingly. The sectional area of the jets g

page_text: 1 make slightly greater than that of the passages in the plug of the cock for the
purpose of overcoming the loss of head which would result from the friction of the
water passing from the said nozzle. Loss of head will occur of course in the buckets
but owing to their exceedingly small size this loss is reduced to a minimum. The
smallness in the size of the buckets is one of the chief features of my invention.
These never exceed four inches in length measuring along the path which the water
is to follow in passing through the wheel and it is to this smallness of size combined
with the comparatively large bore of the jets g that the high efficiency of this
motor is due. The spindle of the cock h is provided with a quadrant rack or
pinion, engaging with a worm on the spindle which is connected through spur
gearing l, m, to the bevel friction wheel n. On the extension of the spindle o of
the motor is arranged a sleeve p (shown also at Fig. 3 which illustrates a modi-
fied arrangement of mechanism for conveying action to the cock h) turning with
the said spindle o by reason of the said screw y but free to move longitudinally
thereon. This sleeve carries two bevel friction wheels r, s, arranged so that
either may be brought into gear with the friction wheel n, according to the
position of the said sleeve p." It will be seen that the wheel n, and through
the intermediate gear the plug of the cock h, receives its motion from the
spindle o, in a direction depending upon which of the two friction wheels r, s,
is in gear with the wheel n. The sleeve p and with it the wheels r, s, is moved
longitudinally by a speed governor as shown at Fig. 1 or by a voltage regulator
when the motor is driving a dynamo. An inspection of the drawings will show
that the motor maintaining its normal speed the sleeve p will remain stationary
upon the spindle o and the cock g will not be affected. Should the speed increase
or decrease one or other of the wheels r, s, will be brought into gear with the
wheel n, and the supply of motive fluid increases or decreases so as to accelerate
or retard the motor as may be required to maintain it at its proper speed. It
will be seen that the power required to operate the cock h, is provided by the
motor itself and not by the speed or voltage regulator. By this means greater
precision and accuracy is insured.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that what 1
claim is :-
(1) The construction of turbines or water wheels the buckets of which are
countersunk or cut out of the mass of the metal constituting such wheels and
closed by means of rings substantially as herein before set forth and described
and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
(2) The method of rendering turbines or water wheels silent in action, or nearly
so, by so arranging the number of buckets and the speed of the water wheel
that the sound produced shall be in the neighbourhood of the limit of perception
of the human ear, substantially as hereinbefore set forth and described and illus-
trated in the accompanying drawings.
(3) The method of rendering turbines or water wheels silent in action, or nearly
so, by so disposing or arranging the jets in couples that there shall be an inter-
ference of sound, substantially as hereinbefore set forth and described and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
(4) In turbines or water wheels the employment of jets or nozzles for conducting
the motor fluid to the buckets of slightly larger internal diameter than that of
the stream of motor fluid passing through the same for creating a partial vacuum
and so overcoming the loss of head substantially as hereinbefore set forth and
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
(5) In turbines or water wheels the employment of buckets not exceeding four
inches in length measured along the path of the motor fluid substantially as
hereinbefore set forth and described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
(6) In a turbine or water wheel the employment of a speed governor arranged
to act through friction or other suitable gearing upon a plug cock controlling

page_text: the admission of the motor fluid to the buckets, substantially as hereinbefore set
forth and described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 20th den of March 1803
CASTLE SMITH,
"Invention" Office, 54, Fleet Street, London, E.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.
66
CASTLE SMITH,
Invention" Office, 54, Fleet Street, London, E.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.