Improvements in Machines for Driving Nails.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Sept., 1898--Accepted, 10th Dec., 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines for Driving Nails.
I, CHARLES MILLS GREEN, of Highland Park, in the County of Lake and
State of Illinois, United States of America, Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment:-
-
The invention consists in the features of novelty that are hereinafter fully
described with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are made a
part of this specification and in which,
Fig. I is a side elevation of a machine for driving nails embodying the in-
vention.
Fig. II is an end elevation thereof viewed in the direction of the arrow II,
Fig. I.
Fig. III is a plan view thereof with some of the parts that are located below
the plane indicated by the line III-III, Fig. I, omitted.
Fig. IV is a plan view of so much thereof as is located below the plane indi-
cated by the line III-III, Fig. I, some of the parts that extend both above
and below this plane being shown in section.
Fig. is a vertical longitudinal section thereof in the plane indicated by
the line VV, Fig. IV, looking in the direction of the arrow.
Fig. VI is a vertical longitudinal section of some of the parts on a larger
scale, the plane of the section being approximately indicated by the line VI---VI,
Fig. III, and the parts being viewed in the direction of the arrow.
Figs. VII, VIII and IX are views, on a still larger scale, showing the nail
feeding magazine.
Fig. X is a sectional elevation, on a still larger scale showing one of the
pickers, of this nail feeding mechanism, and its accessories.
Fig. XI is a perspective view showing in detail a fragment of the movable
carriage upon which one of the two gangs of drivers and their accessories are
mounted.
sectional
a
Fig. XII is
elevation of the mechanism for imparting
movement to the pickers of the feeding mechanism, the parts being viewed in
the direction of the arrow XII, Fig. IV, and shown on a somewhat larger scale.
Fig. XIII is a view of the same parts as are shown in Fig. XII, the two
figures differing only in respect to the positions of some of the parts.
Fig. XIV is a horizontal section on the fine XIV-XIV, Fig. XII, looking
downwards.
Fig. XV is a view similar to Fig. XIV, but with some of the parts that are
shown in Fig. XIV omitted.
Fig. XVI is a vertical longitudinal section of one of the movable cross heads
by which the drivers are carrie and of some of the mechanism by which is it
both reciprocated and adjusted, the plane of the section being indicated by the
line XVI-XVI, Fig. IV, and the parts being shown on a somewhat larger
scale.

page_text: Fig. XVII is a sectional elevation of some of the mechanism for imparting
movement to the nail boxes at one end of the machine, and fragments of the main
frame, the adjustable carriage, and one of the cross heads by which the nail
drivers are carried, the plane of the section being indicated by the lines XVII---
XVII Fig. IV and the parts being shown on a somewhat larger scale and viewed
in the direction of the arrow.
Fig. XVII is a diagrammatic representation of the means for imparting
movement to the nail boxes. In this figure the parts 77 and 83 are represented
as having coincident axes, whereas in the machine as shown in the other figures
their axes are at right angles to each other.
Fig. XVIII is a perspective view of one of the double nail chucks.
Fig XIX is an elevation of the clutch mechanism by which the main driving
pulley is, at will, coupled with the main shaft of the machine, only a fragment
of the pulley being shown.
Fig. XX is an axial section thereof.
Fig. XXI and XXII are transverse sections thereof in the planes indicated
by the lines XXI-XXI and XXII-XXII, respectively, Figure XX.
Figure XXIII is a face view and Figures XXIV and XXV are perspective
views of parts of the clutch.
A is the main frame or bed of the machine, B is a fixed rail which crosses
it from side to side and is provided with slots 131, 132 and C, C are standards
rising from it and supporting heavy rods D, D¹, D², D³ and D4. c, care stan-
dards which are similar to the standards C, C, excepting that instead of being
immovably fixed to the main frame they are fixed to a movable carriage which
is mounted to slide upon the main frame. This carriage consists of a rail b,
having at its extremities extensions which rest upon the top of the main
frame and have upon their under sides flanges ** which engage the inner
margins of the top flanges a of the main frame, and to which are bolted plates 611
which engage the under sides of said flanges (as shown more clearly in
Figure XVII) whereby the carriage is held in place and confined to a strictly
rectilinear movement upon the main frame. The rail b, in addition to entering
into the construction of the movable carriage, performs functions (hereinafter
described) similar to those of the rail B, and to this end it is provided with
slots, The standards c, el support rods d, d¹², and similar in
arrangement and function to the rods D, D¹. &c. E, E, E², E, are drivers
arranged in a gang and carried by a reciprocable cross-head F whose ends work
in guides F carried by the main frame, and e, c', e, and, are drivers arranged
in a gang and carried by a reciprocable cross-head f whose ends work in guides fi
carried by the movable carriage. The cross-head F is reciprocated by a pair of
eccentrics F, carried by the main shaft 1 of the machine, operating through
the medium of pitmen F and the cross-head f is reciprocated by a pair of
eccentrics f, carried by the shaft 1, and operating through the medium of pit-
men f, slides 2, mounted in suitable races 3, connecting-rods and nuts .
The rods are swiveled to the slides 2 so as to be capable of rotating about their
axes but incapable of any endwise movement independently of the slides. They
are provided with threads which engage the threads of the nuts 5, and the nuts
are secured to the cross-head f so as to be incapable of any movement relatively
thereto. The eccentrics 12, få are disposed with their longest radii diametrically
opposite each other, so that the movements of the cross-heads F, f are always
in opposite directions. The object of the threaded connection between the rods 4
and cross-head f is to enable their use for the double purpose of transmitting
motion from the main shaft to the cross-head and for adjusting the cross-head
when the movable carriage is adjusted, (for the purpose hereinafter described).
In order to accomplish this adjustment, the unthreaded portions 6 of the rods
have non-rotative engagement with beveled pinions 7, which mesh with similar
pinions 8 carried by a shaft 9 that is journaled in suitable bearings 10 and
carries other bevelled pinions 11 meshing with corresponding pinions 12 that

page_text: are carried by screws 13 which have threaded engagement with the carriage
through the medium of nuts 14. The pitch of the threads of the rods and
screws 13 is the same so that when the shaft 9 is rotated (for which purpose it is
provided at its extremities with non-circular portions 15 for the reception of
a crank) the movable carriage and the cross-head will be moved at the same
rate of speed, and either forward or backward, according to the direction of the
rotation. Preferably the non-rotative engagement between the rods 4 and
pinions 7 is effected by means of splines and grooves (Fig. IV) which not only
accomplish this non-rotative engagement but at the same time allow the rods
to move endwise through the eyes of the pinions, when said rods are moved by
the eccentrics for the purpose of reciprocating the cross-head.
In a machine embodying all features of my invention the drivers are, as
already stated, arranged in two gangs, and since both of these two gangs of
drivers and the mechanisms accessory to them are in many respects alike, I
will, for the sake of brevity, confine this description to only one gang, excepting
where it becomes necessary to refer to the other. These two gangs of mechanisms
are disposed upon opposite sides of the dotted line X, Figs. I, III, IV and V,
and for the present this description will be confined to the gang which is
located upon the left-hand side of said line, similar parts of both gangs being
indicated by similar reference letters or numerals. Where letters are used, the
parts on the right-hand side are indicated by capital letters and the parts on the
left-hand side by small letters. It is also true that each of these two gangs
of mechanisms comprises a number of subordinate groups of mechanism and
That is to say,
that in many respects these subordinate groups are similar.
there is a group of mechanism, indicated as a whole by the reference letter h,
which is accessory to the drivers e, a group ¹, accessory to the drivers e¹. a
group accessory to the drivers 2, and a group 3 accessory to the drivers e³.
Each of these four groups contains all the parts that go to make up the group
and, while each of the groups 11, 12, h3, has some parts that are not found in
the group, yet all of these three groups are alike. Hence, for the sake of
brevity, I will, for the present, confine this description to one of these latter
groups and for the purpose will select the group h¹, accessory to the drivers ¹,
this group being shown on a somewhat larger scale in Fig. VI. "It should also be
observed that preferably the drivers are arranged in pairs, but for the sake of brevity
I will first describe the parts that are accessory to a single driver and then describe
the preferred manner of incorporating these parts in a machine embodying all
features of the invention.
h
15 represents the nail chuck, 16 the chute for conducting the nails to the
chuck, 17 the magazine for containing a number of nails in readiness for being
discharged into the chute, 18 the feeding mechanism for taking the nails from
the magazine, one at a time, and discharging them into the chute, and 19 a
box for containing a larger supply of nails and for feeding them to the magazine.
The chuck is made up of a lower jaw in which is formed a channel 20, and
an upper jaw 21 pivoted to the lower jaw at 22 and provided with a toe 23 which
projects downward into the channel 20 and closes the delivery end thereof, the
under side of the toe being beveled or sloped so that when the nail is advanced
by the follower it will lift the upper jaw far enough to enable it (the nail) to
leave the chuck. Upon the withdrawal of the driver the upper jaw will be
returned to its normal position by gravity. The chuck is provided with vertical
openings 24 for the passage of bolts 25 the stems of which pass through the
slot of the rail b and the heads of which bear against the underside of said
rail, so that when the nuts on the upper ends of the bolts are tightened the chuck
is firmly secured to the rail.
The lower end of the nail chute enters the channel of the chuck and rests
upon the bottom thereof so as to close the channel at back and prevent the nail
from escaping therefrom when it rebounds (if it should) after entering the chuck.
In order to permit of this arrangement of the nail chute and chuck and at the

page_text: same time allow the driver to enter the channel of the chuck, the chute is pivoted
and to this end it is provided on its under side with a perforated ear 26 which
fits loosely upon the rod d.
Another peculiarity of this chute is that it receives the nails from the magazine
vertically and delivers them to the chuck horizontally. In order to permit it
to do so it is so shaped that its upper portion takes a substantially vertical course,
its lower portion takes a substantially horizontal course, and throughout its
length it is constructed upon a continuous gradual curve. Another peculiarity
of it is that excepting at its upper end where it takes the form of a hopper, its
top side is open for the purpose of lessening the possibility of its being choked,
in the event of the delivery of more than one nail into it at a time, and to
facilitate the removal of any nails which may perchance become thus choked
in it. This open chute also has the advantage of enabling the workman to see
whether or not the feeder is doing its work properly.
The feeder has two pickers 27 and 28 which are disposed in customary manner
opposite the slot 29 of the magazine 17. The picker 27 is integral" with its
stem 30 which passes through a perforation in a block 31 and is there secured
by a set-screw 32, so as to permit the picker to be adjusted by either a rotary
or a longitudinal movement of its stem. The pointing off picker 28 is so mounted
at the lower end of its stem that it is capable of a limited endwise movement
independently of said stem, but incapable of any rotary movement. To this
end it has a portion which occupies a socket 34 carried at the lower end of the
stem 33, and within this socket it is provided with a reduced portion 35 sur-
rounded by a spring 36 which bears in one direction against the end of the
socket 34 and in the other direction against the shoulder 37 resulting from
the reduced portion 35, whereby the picker is held projected with a yielding
force. The reduced portion 35 projects through a perforation in the end of
the socket 34 and is threaded for the reception of a nut 38 which bears against
the end of the socket and thereby forms a stop for limiting the outward move-
ment of the picker under the influence of the spring and at the same time pro-
vides means for adjusting the picker endwise. The picker is provided in its
side with a longitudinal groove 40 into which projects the end of a screw 41
that has threaded engagement with the socket, whereby the rotary movement
of the picker is prevented. The stem 33 projects through a perforation in the
block 31 and is there adjustably secured by means of a set-screw 42. It will
be understood that as the block 31 moves back and forth, in the directions indi-
cated by the arrows placed upon it in Figs. VII and VIII the pickers allow
the nails to escape from the magazine one at a time and fall into the chute in
customary manner.
The magazine consists of two parallel plates 43 & 44 placed a sufficient distance
apart to leave between them the slot 29 which is of sufficient width to admit the
shanks of the nails, but not of sufficient width to admit the heads of the nails, the
arrangement being such that the nails will be suspended by their heads in
customary manner as shown in Figure VI. The plates are inclined at such an
angle that the nails will slide down the magazine by gravity and are connected
and supported by blocks 45 and 46 which are either cast with them or secured
to them and are provided with channels 47 and 48, respectively, of sufficient size
to permit the heads of the nails to pass. These blocks are perforated and are
supported by the rods and 4, respectively, one of them being provided with
a set-screw 49 by which it may be secured to its supporting rod for the purpose 5
of holding the magazine and its accessories in place.
The nail box 19 is hinged at 50 to the upper end of the magazine. It is pro-
vided in its bottom with a slot 51 registering with the slot 29 of the magazine,
and means (hereinafter described) are provided for rocking the box about its
hinge so that it is tilted in first one direction and then the other. This tilting 5
of the box causes the nails within it to shift from end to end and in doing so
their shanks fall through the slot 51 so that they are supported by their heads

page_text: in the manner shown in Fig. VI. While thus supported, when the box is
tilted so that its bottom inclines in the same direction as does the magazine 17,
the nails which have arranged themselves in the slot 51 will slide by gravity
into the slot of the magazine. In order to avoid a space between the bottom
of the box and the upper end of the magazine, plates 52 are secured to the bottom
of the box so that they form an extension thereof which meets the upper end
of the magazine, this extension being rounded off concentrically with the hinge 50
as shown at 53.
As before stated, I prefer to arrange the drivers in pairs and this of course
necessitates a practical duplication of all the parts just described. To this end,
the lower jaw of the chuck is provided with two channels 20, the upper jaw
is provided with two toes 2, a nail chute is provided for each of
these channels, the magazine is provided with a slot 29 for each
of these nail chutes, a pair of pickers is provided for each of these slots (albeit
both pairs of pickers are preferably supported by the same block 31) and the
nail box is provided with two slots 51. With this double arrangement the two
drivers are preferably arranged at different levels, and the bottoms of the two
channels of the lower jaw of the chuck are similarly disposed, in order to pre-
vent the two nails which are driven close together from splitting the work, and
at the same time join the work more securely.
At 62
In order to simultaneously effect the lateral adjustment of the drivers, the
chucks, the chutes, the magazines, the feeders, the nail box and work clamping
lever (hereinafter described) they are all connected with a part 54, (herein called
a carrier) preferably in the following manner. At 55 the carrier is bolted to
the chuck and at 56 it carries a plate between which and the carrier itself pro-
jects a pin 57 rising from the block 58 which carries the drivers said block
being provided with a T-head 59 occupying an undercut groove in the cross-
head f so as to be capable of sliding therein. 60 is a pin secured at one end
to the carrier and at the other end engaging a collar 61, which is slidably
mounted upon the rod d and engages the perforated ears 26 of the chutes.
and 63 the carrier is bolted to the blocks 45 and 46 of the magazine, and at 64
it carries a bifurcated lug which engages the opposite ends of the hub 65 of
the clamping lever 66 which latter is mounted upon a rock-shaft i so as to be
capable of sliding endwise thereon, but incapable of rotating thereon, the con-
nection of the rock-shaft and lever being preferably effected by a key 68 which
is carried by the hub of the lever and enters a groove 69 in the shaft. The
connection between the carrier and the pickers is effected by a spring-actuated
bolt 70 which is mounted in a suitable socket in in the block 45 and is adapted,
when projected, to enter a recess 71 in the block 31 by which the pickers are
carried. In order to withdraw the bolt 70 its stem is provided with a laterally
projecting handle 72 and the block 45 is provided with a cam face 73 with which
the handle 72 is held in contact by the actuating spring 74, the arrangement
being such that when the stem is turned in one direction the cam face 7 will
cause the bolt to be withdrawn, and when it is turned in the other direction
the spring 74 will project the bolt and cause it to enter the recess 71.
The group of mechanism indicated at his not adjustable laterally and hence it
does not include a carrier, such as just described. But each of the other
groups h, 2, and 3 has one of these carriers so that in adjusting the several
groups crosswise of the machine, for the purpose of placing them at the desired
distances apart, all parts of each group move together, albeit each group is ad-
justable independently of every other group and this is important. This
adjustment of the several groups may be accomplished by mechanism of any
suitable construction, but I prefer to use screws ¹³, and which have
threaded engagement with the carriers of the groups h1, h2 and h³ respectively,
the carriers of the groups h¹ and 1ª being provided with openings through which
the screws and pass without engagement. All of the screws are swivelled
to the standard e so as to be held against endwise movement and at the same time

page_text: permitted to rotate, and for the purpose of rotating them, each is squared at its
outer end. When the adjustment of the several groups is to be accomplished
the bolts 70 are projected so as to engage the blocks 31 and the set-screws 75
are retracted so as to release the blocks 31 from the bark by which they are
carried and to which they are normally secured by said screws.
It is through the bar that the necessary reciprocating movement is imparted
to the pickers. To this end the bar is slidably mounted in bearings in the
standards c, c, and its extremity is engaged by an arm projecting from the
upper end of a shaft 7, which is journaled in suitable bearings carried by
the standard and carries at its lower end an arm 2 having a pivoted latch
which is so disposed that when in normal position, and the cross-head f is ad-
vanced, it (the latch) will drop down into the path of a tappet which is carried
by the cross-head. Fig. XIII shows the parts in the positions last described.
As the cross-head moves backward the tappet will come in contact with the
pivoted trigger and move it in the direction of the arrow in Figs. XIII
and XIV, and thereby partially rotate the shaft in the direction of the arrow
placed near it and in opposition to the force of a spring which is coiled around
it, which spring has engagement at one end with a collar secured to it and has
engagement at the other end with a fixed part of the frame. This movement of
the shaft causes the rod to move in the direction of the arrow placed upon it
(inward) thereby moving all the blocks 31, causing all of the pickers 28 to be
thrust between the lowermost nails in the several magazines and the ones next
above them and all of the pickers 27 to be withdrawn from engagement with
the said lowermost nails in the well-known manner. Should it happen that
any one of the pickers 28, instead of entering between the lowermost nail and
the one next above it, should come in contact with a nail and be thereby arrested,
the spring 36 would yield and allow all of the other pickers to be advanced
and perform their functions. As the trigger is moved in the described direc-
tion its underside comes in contact with a fixed shoulder 76 constituting a trip
the office of which is to disengage the trigger from the tappet 4, which it does,
as the parts move backward. When this disengagement is effected the spring 15
will recoil and return the bark and accessories to the normal positions, shown
in the drawing. It will be understood that when the feeding mechanism is at
work the bolts 70 are all retracted and the blocks 31 are all secured to the bar k
by the set-screws 75.
The outer end of all the nail boxes are supported by a rod m which in turn is
supported at its ends by arms m' that are hinged to the standards c, c, at
points in line with the common axis of motion of the boxes. All of the nail
boxes at both ends of the machine, derive their motion from a shaft 76. Motion
is transmitted from this shaft to the boxes at one end of the machine through
the medium of a pair of disks 77, wrist pins 78 carried by said disks, and rods 79
extending from said wrist pins to the arms M. Motion is transmitted from the
shaft 76 to the nail boxes at the other end of the machine through the medium
of a beveled gear wheel 80 carried by the shaft 76, a beveled gear wheel 81
meshing therewith and secured to a shaft 82 extending lengthwise of the machine,
an eccentric 83 mounted upon the shaft 82 so as to be capable of sliding thereon
but incapable of any rotation relatively thereto, a lever 84 fulcrumed to a
bracket 85 which is carried by the movable carriage already described, a rod 86
connecting one arm of the lever 87 which is fulcrumed to the standard el, a
link 88, an arm 89, a rock shaft 90, a pair of arms 91 and a pair of links 92 con-
necting the extremities of the arms 91 with the arms m¹. The eccentric 83 is
connected to the shaft 82 by means of a spline and groove, and it is also connected
with the bracket 85 in such manner that it will partake of the movement of
the movable carriage. This latter connection may be effected by providing the
eccentric with a tubular hub which projects through a corresponding opening
in the bracket and by securing to the projecting portion of this hub a collar 93
by which the withdrawal of the hub from the opening in the bracket is pre-

page_text: vented, the movement of the hub in the opposite direction being prevented by
a shoulder which is formed thereon and has contact with the bracket. The
disks 77 and the eccentric 83 are so placed with relation to each other that the
nail boxes at opposite ends of the machine will always move in opposite
directions, this arrangement being shown diagramatically in Fig. XVII. The
advantage in operating the boxes in this way is that the variations in the load
put upon the shaft 76 and the gearing for driving it are reduced to a minimum.
The shaft 76 derives its motion from the constantly moving pulley 94 through
the medium of a sprocket wheel 95 carried by the hub of said pulley, a sprocket
chain 96 embracing said sprocket wheel, a second sprocket wheel 97 embraced
by the chain, a shaft 98 carrying the sprocket wheel 97 and journaled in a suit-
able bearing secured to the main frame, a pinion 99 carried by said shaft, a
pinion 100 meshing with the pinion 99 and a pinion 101 meshing with the
pinion 100 and carried by one member, 102, of a clutch, the other member, 103,
of which is connected to an operating lever 104. In practice, the pulley 94
revolves constantly while the main shaft, 1, revolves intermittently. That is
to say, it is given one complete revolution for each driving operation, but this
revolution is imparted to it by a clutch, hereinafter described, which must be
operated manually and as soon as the revolution is completed the further move-
ment of the shaft is arrested by a stop after which it remains at rest until the clutch
is again manually operated. This intermittent revolution of the main shaft,
at comparatively infrequent intervals, makes it undesirable as a medium from
which to derive power for operating the nail boxes and hence I prefer to derive
this power from the constantly moving pulley, so that even while the drivers
and all other parts of the machine are at rest the shaking of the boxes may be
continued. I prefer, however, to incorporate in the mechanism for transmitting
this power a clutch so that the shaking of the nail boxes may be stopped when
it is found that the magazines are all completely charged.
The clutch for connecting the pulley 94 and the main shaft 1 is shown in
Figs. XIX to XXV inclusive, where 105 represents one clutch member (a portion
of the shaft 1) and 106 represents the other clutch member (a steel bushing
secured in the eye of the pulley 94). The member 105 has in it a socket 107,
which takes the form of a longitudinal groove of approximately semicircular
shape, in cross section, in which fits a key 108. From the point 109 to the
point 110 (Figs. XXIV) the key is of the cross-sectional shape shown in Fig. XXI.
That is to say, upon one of its sides it is constructed upon a curve of the same
radius as is the member 105 of the clutch, and upon the other side it is constructed
upon a curve of smaller radius, the socket 107 being of corresponding radius,
so that when the key is in place in the socket and occupies the position shown
in Fig. XXI it is entirely within the circumference of the member 105. In the
member 106 one or more sockets 111 are formed. Preferably there are two of
these sockets and preferably they are formed in steel bushings that are inserted
in grooves in the member 106. These sockets 111 are constructed upon curves
of the same radius as is the socket 107 so that when one of the sockets 111 comes
opposite the socket 107, the one complements the other in completing a circle.
It will be seen upon reference to Fig. XXI that so long as the key 108 remains
in the position there shown the member 106 may turn freely upon the mem-
ber 105, which in practice it does in the direction of the arrow placed upon it.
But should the key 108 be turned in the direction of the arrow placed upon it,
when one of the sockets 111 comes opposite it, the effect would be to key together
the two members 105 and 106 and prevent their relative rotation, thereby causing
motion to be transmitted from the member 106 to the member 105 through the
key 108. In the practical carrying out of the invention the key 108 is con-
stantly under the influence of a spring 112 which tends constantly to turn it
in the direction of the arrow placed upon it. To this end the key is provided
with a cylindrical portion 113 which occupies an eye formed in a plate 114 that
is non-rotatively secured to the member 105 at one end of the member 106 and

page_text: with a projecting portion 115 around which the spring 112 is coiled, one end of
the spring being secured to this projecting portion 115 and the other end to the
plate 114. In order to effect the connection of the spring and the key, one end
of the spring is bent as shown at 116 in Fig. XIX and the key is provided
with intersecting diametrical notches 117 for receiving this portion 116, and the
connection between the other end of the spring and the disc 114 is effected by
a screw 118. As before stated, this spring has a constant tendency to turn the
key in the direction which will cause it to key the two members of the clutch
together, but this tendency is normally overcome by a more powerful spring 119
which exerts its influence upon the key in opposition to the force of the spring 112.
The power of the spring 119 is transmitted to the key through the medium of
a treadle 120, a rod 121 the lower end of which is jointed to the treadle, a
lever 122 to the upper end of which the rod 121 is jointed, a tappet 123 carried
by the lever 122 and an arm 124 which is rigid with the key 108 and projects
laterally therefrom, the lever 122 being pivotted at 125 to the frame of the
machine and being so disposed that the tappet 123 will lie in the path
travelled by the arm 124. As shown in Figs. XIX and XXII the tappet 123 is
in engagement with the arm 124 and the key 108 thereby held in the position
shown in Fig. XXI, permitting the free rotation of the member 106 about the
member 105. When it is desired to transmit motion from the member 106
to the member 105 the operator presses upon the treadle 120 and thereby with-
draws the tappet 123 from contact with the arm 124. The spring 112 there-
upon turns the key 108 in the direction of the arrow placed upon it in Fig. XXI,
as soon as one of the sockets 111 arrives at a position which will enable this to
be done. The members are thereby keyed together and will continue to rotate
together until the key 108 is again completely withdrawn from the socket 111
and returned to its position within the socket 107. If the operator releases the
pressure upon the treadle as soon as the engagement has been effected the
spring 119 will cause the tappet 123 to bear against the periphery of a disc 126
which is secured non-rotatively to the member 105 and has a recess 127 in which
the arm 124 works. As the arm 124 is carried around it will come in contact with
the tapper 123 and it will be moved inward far enough to return the key 108
to the position shown in Fig. XXI. At the instant the withdrawal of the key
from the socket 111 is completed the tapper 123 comes in contact with a
shoulder 128 on the disc 126 and thereby arrests the further movement of the
dise and of course, the member 105 to which it is non-rotatively secured by a
cylindrical portion 129 of the key.
The machine thus constructed is intended, and is especially adapted for use
in nailing together the parts of rectangular frames, such for example as the
frames shown in Fig. III, but it may be used for mailing together the parts of
boxes and other articles. It may be used for simultaneously driving all of
the nails that are used for securing together the parts of either one or two
frames or boxes, the parts being shown in Figs. III and IV as arranged for two
frames. The rails B, b constitute the table upon which the parts to be secured
together are placed, the proper positions for the parts upon the table being
indicated partly by the gauges N, n, and partly by the chucks which are so dis-
posed that they also serve as gauges. The chucks are adjustably secured to
the rails as already described and the gauges N n are also adjustably secured
to the rails by means of bolts (o, which pass through them and through the
slots B 1 of the rails and are provided with enlarged heads which engage the
undersides of the rails. These adjustable gauges may be of any required shape
and number. Where the machine is used for simultaneously nailing together
the parts of two frames, as shown in Fig. III eight of these gauges are arranged
as shown in said figure and the several drivers and groups of mechanism accessory
to them are adjusted to such positions that when said pieces are arranged between
the gauges and chucks in the manner shown the nails will be driven laterally
through the two side pieces and longitudinally into the ends of the two end pieces.

page_text: Where it is desired to use the machine for making frames of greater or less
width than those shown in the drawing it is simply necessary to adjust the
distance apart of two gangs of drivers and their accessories, and this is done by
rotating the shaft 9 in one direction or the other accordingly as the distance
between the two gangs of drivers is to be increased or decreased, no other
alteration or adjustment of the parts being necessary. The manner of changing
the distance apart of the several drivers of the two gangs, and their accessories,
has already been described.
In the practical operation of the machine two men are employed, who stand
in the positions indicated by the letters X in Figs. III and IV and in order to
divide between them the work of adjusting and manipulating the parts, the
screws for adjusting one set of drivers and their accessories terminate at one
side of the machine and the screws for adjusting the other set terminate at the
other side of the machine. For a similar reason the levers I¹, for operating
the rock shafts I i, are placed one at each side of the machine. It will be under-
stood that the clamping levers 66 always lie substantially in the vertical planes
of the several drivers so that when the levers I are moved in the direction of
the arrows placed upon them in Fig. I the feet I", ", of the clamping levers will
be brought down so that each of them bears upon one of the side pieces and
one set of the end pieces of which the frame is to be made, spanning the joint
between them. In order to insure that the fet shall have a firm bearing upon
both of these two pieces each of them is hollowed out on its underside and is
so connected to the lever by which it is carried that it is capable of rocking
slightly.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. In a machine for simultaneously driving nails in opposite directions, the
combination of a pair of reciprocable, cross-heads disposed parallel with each
other, means for confining said cross-leads to movement in a direction which is trans-
verse to their length, drivers disposed in operative relation to both of the cross-
heads and presented in opposite directions, nail chucks disposed in
operative relation to the drivers, and means for simultaneously moving
said cross-heads in opposite directions, said means including a single shaft
disposed parallel with the cross heads, means for converting the rotary move-
ment of the shaft into reciprocating movement of reciprocable devices directly
controlling the cross-heads, means for confining said reciprocable devices to
movement in a direction which is transverse to the shaft and cross-heads, and
means connecting said reciprocable devices with the cross-heads, substantially
as set forth.
2. In a machine for simultaneously driving nails in opposite directions, the
combination of a pair of reciprocable cross-heads disposed parallel with each other,
drivers disposed in operative relation to both of the cross-heads and presented
in opposite directions, nail chucks disposed in operative relation to the drivers,
and means for simultaneously moving the cross-heads in opposite directions,
said means including but a single shaft disposed parallel with the cross heads,
pitmen disposed at right-angles to the cross heads and shaft, means for con-
verting the rotary movement of the shaft directly into reciprocating movement
of the pitmen, and means connecting the pitmen with the cross-heads, sub-
stantially as set forth.
3. In a machine for simultaneously driving nails in opposite directions, the
combination of a pair of reciprocable cross-heads disposed parallel with each
other, drivers disposed in operative relation to both of the cross-heads and pre-
sented in opposite directions, nail chucks disposed in operative relation to the
drivers, and means for simultaneously moving both of the cross-heads in opposite
directions, said means including a single-shaft disposed parallel with the cross-

page_text: heads, pitmen disposed at right angles to the shaft and cross-heads, eccentrics
carried by the shaft and disposed with their longest radii diametrically opposite,
means for transmitting movement from the eccentrics to the pitmen, and means
connecting the pitmen with the cross-heads, substantially as set forth.
4. In a machine for driving nails in opposite directions, the combination of
a main frame, a driving shaft supported thereby, a movable carriage supported
by the main frame and movable in a direction which is transverse to the shaft,
a pair of reciprocable cross-heads disposed parallel with each other and with
the shaft, one of said cross-heads being mounted upon the main frame and the
other upon the movable carriage, guides for confining said cross-heads to move-
ment in a direction which is transverse to the shaft, drivers carried by each of
the cross heads and presented in opposite directions, nail chucks arranged in
operative relation to the drivers and connections between the shaft and both
of the cross-heads whereby movement is transmitted from the shaft to the
cross-heads and the cross-heads simultaneously moved in opposite directions
through equal distances, the connection between the shaft and the cross-head
which is mounted upon the movable carriage being adjustable in order to permit
of the adjustment of the movable carriage upon the main frame, substantially
as set forth.
1
5. In a machine for driving nails in opposite directions, the combination of a
main frame, a driving shaft supported thereby, a movable carriage supported
by the main frame and movable in a direction which is transverse to the shaft,
a pair of reciprocable cross-heads disposed parallel with each other and with
the shaft, one of said cross-heads being mounted upon the main frame and the
other upon the movable carriage, guides for confining said cross-heads to move-
ment in a direction which is transverse to the shaft, drivers carried by each of
the cross-heads and presented in opposite directions, nail chucks arranged in
operative relation to the drivers, and connections between the shaft and both
of the cross-heads whereby movement is transmitted from the shaft to the cross-
heads, and the cross-heads simultaneously moved in opposite directions through
equal distances, the connection between the shaft and the cross-head which is
mounted upon the movable carriage including a rod which is capable of endwise
movement for the purpose of reciprocating the cross-head and of rotary movement
for the purpose of adjusting the cross-head and means whereby when the rod
is rotated the cross-head is adjusted substantially as set forth.
6. In a machine for driving nails, the combination of a main frame, a driving
shaft supported thereby, a movable frame supported by the main frame, means
for adjusting the movable frame upon the main frame, a reciprocable cross-
head carried by the movable frame, à rod which is capable of both endwise and
rotary movement, means for converting the rotary movement of the shaft into
a reciprocating movement and transmitting it to the rod, means for transmitting
the reciprocating movement of the rod to the cross-heal, means for rotating
the rod, and means for converting its rotary movement into reciprocating move-
ment of the cross-head, whereby the latter may be adjusted with relation to
the main frame when the movable frame is adjusted, substantially as set forth.
7. In a machine for driving nails, the combination with the drivers and a
reciprocable cross-head by which they are carried, of a movable carriage upon
which the cross-head is mounted, a rod capable of endwise movement for
the purpose of reciprocating the cross-head, and of rotary movement for the
purpose of adjusting the cross-head, means for moving the rod endwise for the
purpose of reciprocating the cross-head, means whereby when the rod is rotated
the cross-head is adjusted, mechanism for adjusting the movable carriage and
means for simultaneously rotating the rod and actuating the mechanism by
which the movable carriage is adjusted substantially as set forth.
8. In a machine for driving nails, the combination with the drivers and a
reciprocable cross-head by which they are carried, of a rod having threaded
engagement with the cross-head and being capable of both endwise and rotary

page_text: movement, means for moving the rod endwise for the purpose of reciprocating
the cross-head, a movable carriage upon which the cross-head is mounted, a
screw engaging the carriage for moving it, and means for simultaneously rotating
the screw and the rod whereby the carriage and the cross-head are moved together
for the purpose of adjusting their positions with relation to other parts of the
machine, substantially as set forth.
9. In a machine for driving nails the combination with the drivers and a
reciprocable cross-head, of rods having threaded engagement with the cross-
head and being capable of both endwise and rotary movement, means for moving
the rods endwise for the purpose of reciprocating the cross-head, gear wheels,
means for connecting the gear wheels and rods so that the rods are capable of
endwise and incapable of rotary movement relatively to the wheels, a movable
carriage upon which the reciprocable cross-head is mounted, a pair of screws
having threaded engagement with the carriage, gear wheels carried by the screws,
and a shaft having gear wheels meshing with all the gear wheels aforesaid,
whereby when said shaft is rotated the reciprocable cross-head and movable
carriage are simultaneously adjusted with relation to other parts of the machine,
substantially as set forth."
10. In a machine for driving nails in opposite directions at the four corners
of a rectangular frame, the combination of a pair of reciprocable cross-heads,
means for simultaneously moving them in opposite directions, a pair of drivers
carried by each of the cross-heads, the drivers of the two pairs being presented
in opposite directions, means for adjusting the two pairs of drivers relatively
to each other, means for adjusting the drivers of each pair relatively to each
other, a pair of relatively adjustable rails disposed parallel with each other
and with the cross-heads and forming the work-table, a pair of nail chucks
supported by and adjustable longitudinally upon each of said rails, said chucks
being adapted to serve as gauges, and a pair of gauges support d by and adjust-
able longitudinally upon each of said rails, the gauges being nearer the outer
edges of said rails than are the chucks, whereby the chucks determine the position
of two sides of the frame and the gauges determine the positions of the remaining
two sides of the frame, thus enabling the placing of the last named sides of the
frame directly in lines between opposite nail chucks, substantially as set forth.
11. In a machine for driving nails, the combination of a work-table having
four parallel slots, gauges disposed upon the table, bolts passing through and
laterally adjustable in the inner slots of the table for adjustably securing the
gauges thereto, nail chucks disposed upon the table in positions to serve also as
gauges, and bolts passing through and laterally adjustable in the outer slots
of the table for securing the chucks thereto, substantially as set forth.
12. In a machine for driving nails, the combination of a frame which remains
at rest during the driving operation, a plurality of carriers supported thereby
and laterally adjustable thereon, independently of cach other, a plurality of
independent screws each engaging one of the carriers, said screws being adapted
when independently operated to independently adjust the carriers, laterally,
relatively to each other, and being adapted also to fixedly hold the carriers
during the driving operation, means for independently operating the screws,
a plurality of independent groups of nail-feeding and nail-driving mechanisms,
and means connecting the parts of each of said groups with one of the carriers
whereby said parts of each group are compelled to partake of the movement of
the carrier with which they are connected for the purpose of adjusting the
several groups laterally relatively to each other while at the same time the nail-
driving mechanisms are left free to move independently of the carriage during
the driving operation, substantially as set forth.
13. In a machine for driving nails, the combination of a frame which remains
at rest during the driving operation, a plurality of carriers supported thereby so
as to be laterally adjustable thereon, independently of each other, a plurality
of independent screws each having engagement with one of the carriers, mean's

page_text: for independently operating said screws whereby the carriers are independently
adjusted upon the frame, said screws being adapted also to fixedly hold the
carriers in place during the driving operation, a plurality of magazines, nail
chucks and chutes, for conducting the nails from the magazines to the chucks,
all of said parts being supported by the frame and adjustable laterally thereon,
the parts of like name being adjustable independently of each other, a recipro-
cable cross-head, a plurality of drivers means whereby the drivers are compelled
to partake of the reciprocating movement of the cross-head, and means for con-
necting each of the carriers with one of the magazines, chutes, chucks and
drivers, whereby said parts are compelled to partake of the movement of the
carrier, while the cross-head and drivers are permitted to move independently
of the other parts during the driving operation, substantially as set forth.
14. In a machine for driving nails, the combination of a frame which remains
at rest during the driving operation, a plurality of carriers supported thereby
so as to be laterally adjustable thereon, independently of each other, a plurality
of screws, each having threaded engagement with one of the carriers, means for
separately rotating said screws whereby the carriers are adjusted upon the frame
and fixedly held in place during the driving operation, a plurality of magazines,
nail chucks, and chutes for conducting the nails from the magazines to the
chucks, all of said parts being supported by the frame and adjustable laterally
thereon, a reciprocable cross-head, a plurality of drivers slidably mounted upon
the cross head so as to partake of the movement thereof and at the same time
be adjustable thereon, and means for connecting each of the carriers with one
of the magazines chutes, chucks and drivers whereby said parts are compelled
to partake of the movement of the carrier, while the cross-head and drivers are
permitted to move independently of the other parts during the driving opera-
tion, substantially as set forth.
15. In a machine for driving nails, the combination with a driver, a. nail chuck,
a chute for conducting nails to the chuck, a magazine for containing a number
of nails, and a feeder for taking the nails from the magazine and delivering
then to the chute, all of said parts being adjustable, of means for imparting
the necessary reciprocating movement to the feeder, a carrier, means for con-
meeting the carrier with the magazine, and means under the control of the
operator for connecting the feeder with the carrier, substantially as set forth.
•
16. In a machine for driving nails, the combination with a number of drivers,
chucks, chutes, maazines and feeders, arranged in groups which are adjustable
clatively to each other, of a number of carriers, means conuecting the driver,
chuck, chute and magazine of ch group with one of said carriers whereby said
parts are compelled to move ingher ack at common to all of said groups,
clamping levers mounted upon said rock-haft so as to be capable of sliding
but incapable of rotating thereon, and means connecting each of said levers
with one of the earios, bstantially as set forth.
17. In a machine for diving nails, the combination of a plurality of maga-
zines, a plurality of feeders, and means common to all of said feeders for simul-
taneously imparting to them to-and-fro reciprocating movement, each of the
feeders having a pointing-off picker disposed in the general direction of the
movement aforesaid, a socket in which said picker fits so as to be capable of end-
wise movement therein, and a spring for holding the picker in normal position
without arresting the entire feeding mechanism, substantially as set forth.
18. In a machine for driving nails, the combination of a plurality of magazines, a
plurality of reeders, an endwie movable rod by which all of said feeders are carried,
meanч or reciprocating the red endwise, thereby imparting to all of the feeders to-
and-fro recipiat ne veaun!, chef the feeds having a pointing-oft picker dis-
ped in the general direction of the movement aforesaid, a socket in which said
picker fits so as to 1. empable of endwise movement therein, and a spring for
holding the pick r in per al position so that the movement of the picker may

page_text: be arrested without arresting the entire feeding mechanism, substantially as
set forth.
19. In a machine for driving nails, the combination of a plurality of maga-
zines, a plurality of feeders, and means common to all of said feeders tor
simultaneously imparting to them to-and-fro reciprocating movement, each of
the feeders having a pointing-off picker disposed in the general direction of the
movement of aforesaid, a socket in which said picker fits so as to be capable of
endwise movement therein, a spring for holding the picker in normal position
so that the movement of the picker may be arrested without arresting the entire
feeding mechanism, and a stem proceeding laterally from the socket, said stem
being capable of both endwise and vertical adjustment, substantially as set forth.
20. In a machine for driving nails, the combination of a plurality of maga-
zines, a plurality of feeders, a rod capable of endwise movement to which all
of said feeders are connected, and means for reciprocating said rod, whereby
reciprocating movement is simultaneously imparted to all of the feeders, each of
the pickers being provided with a stem disposed transversely to said rod, a block
adjustably mounted upon the rod and having sockets in which the stems of the
pickers fit so as to be capable of both rotary and endwise adjustment, and means
for securing the stem of the pickers in said sockets, substantially as set forth.
21. In a machine for driving nails, the combination of a plurality of maga-
zines, a plurality of feeders, an endwise movable rod upon which all of said
feeders are mounted so as to be capable of adjustment thereon, means under
the control of the operator for securing the feeders to said rod whereby they are
compelled to partake of its movement or disconnecting them therefrom whereby
they may be adjusted thereon, and means for reciprocating the rod, substan-
tially as set forth.
22. In a machine for driving nails, the combination of a plurality of maga-
zines, an endwise movable rod disposed opposite the delivery ends of said
magazines, means for reciprocating the rod, a plurality of blocks slidably
mounted upon said rod, means under the control of the operator for connecting
said blocks to the rod or disconnecting them therefrom, and a pair of pickers
carried by each of the blocks, each of said pickers having a stem, each of the
blocks having sockets in which said stems fit, so as to be capable of both rotary
and endwise adjustment, and means for securing the stems of the pickers in the
sockets of the blocks, substantially as set forth.
23. In a machine for driving nails, the combination of a plurality of magazines,
means for adjusting them relatively to each other, a plurality of feeders, a
reciprocating rod on which said feeders are mounted, means under the control
of the operator for connecting said feeders to said rod or disconnecting them
therefrom so as to permit them to slide thereon, and means under the control
of the operator for connecting the feeders to the magazines, substantially as
set forth.
24. In a machine for driving nails, the combination with a number of drivers,
a reciprocable cross-head by which they are operated, and a number of feeders,
of a movable rod by which all of said feeders are operated, a shaft, means con
necting it with the rod, an arm carried by the shaft, a pivoted latch carried
by the arm and adapted to fall into the path of the cross-head whereby the rod is
moved in one direction, means for tripping the latch and disengaging it from the
cross-head, and a spring for moving the rod in the other direction, substantially
as set forth.
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of Contambon 1000