IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COCOA AND CHOCOLATE." PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COCOA AND CHOCOLATE
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Farmer, of London, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Cocoa and Chocolate Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COCOA AND CHOCOLATE."
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COCOA AND CHOCOLATE."
Sealed the 27th September 1860, and dated the 29th March 1860:
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Farmer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th March 1860.
I, JAMES FARMER, of London, in the County of Middlesex, Cocoa and
Chocolate Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COCOA AND CHOCOLATE," to be as:
follows:-
As cocoa and chocolate are at present manufactured, various other ingre-.
dients, such as potato or other flour, and other farinaceous and also colouring
matters, are employed.
Now, these improvements consist, firstly, in manufacturing cocoa and'
chocolate without the use of any farinaceous or colouring matter whatever,
and, secondly, in mixing with the same a preparation of Irish or Carrigeen
moss, or of Iceland moss, or both. The moss is to be thoroughly cleansed,
and freed from all impurities and saline properties, and then converted into a
jelly by boiling in water.
I may here remark that isinglass or gelatine might be substituted for the
Irish or Iceland moss, but for various reasons the moss is preferable.
The jelly so obtained is to be cleared and sweetened with sugar, and mixed

page_text: into a paste with the cocoa or chocolate, which is subsequently dried, and
prepared for the market in the usual way.
The cocoa or chocolate prepared in this manner will be found to be per-
fectly soluble and clear, without sediment, and possessing nutritious and
medicinal qualities not contained in the ordinary preparations.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Farmer in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
28th September 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
FARMER, of London, in the County of Middlesex, Cocoa and Chocolate
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said James Farmer, Her special licence that I, the said James Farmer,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
James Farmer, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF COCOA AND CHOCOLATE," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said James Farmer, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Farmer, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement in writing, that is to say:-
In the manufacture of cocoa and chocolate as at present ordinarily carried
on, various other ingredients, such as potato. or other flour, and other farina-
ceous and also coloring matters, are.employed.

page_text: Now, the object of this Invention is to produce cocoa and chocolate free
from the admixture of such ingredients, perfectly pure, clear, and soluble,
without any sediment, and possessed of medicinal and nutritious qualities not
contained in the ordinary preparations of cocoa and chocolate .as hitherto
manufactured.
. :
These improvements in the manufacture of cocoa and chocolate consist,
firstly, in manufacturing such cocoa and chocolate without the use of any
farinaceous or coloring matter whatever, and, secondly, these improvements
in the manufacture of cocoa and chocolate consist in mixing with the same a
preparation of Irish or Carrigeen moss, or of Iceland moss, or other similar
and suitable gelatinous preparation, or a combination of any two or more of
such preparations. The moss is to be thoroughly cleansed, and freed from all
impurities and saline properties by being firstly carefully picked over by hand,
and then thoroughly washed in cold water. The moss thus purified is then
to be reduced to a gelatinous state by boiling in water, about four pounds of
moss being dissolved in about fifteen gallons of water, which solution, when
cold, will form a strong jelly.
I may here remark that isinglass or gelatine might be substituted for the
Irish or Iceland moss, but, on account of its medicinal and other superior
qualities, the moss is preferable.
The jelly thus obtained is to be cleared by means of filtration through
horsehair and flannel bags or strainers, placed under pressure, and then to be
sweetened to the desired degree with sugar, and mixed into a paste of a
suitable consistency with the previously ground cocoa or chocolate, which
paste is subsequently to be dried, and prepared for the market in the
usual way.
The cocoa or chocolate prepared in this manner will be found to be per-
fectly pure, soluble, and clear, without any sediment whatever, and possessed
of nutritious and medicinal qualities not contained in the ordinary preparations
of cocoa and chocolate as hitherto manufactured.
Having now described the nature and object of my said Invention for
"Improvements in the Manufacture of Cocoa and Chocolate," together with
the manner in which the same is to be or may be performed, I would remark,
in conclusion, that I claim as my Invention,-
Firstly, manufacturing cocoa and chocolate without the use of any farina-
ceous or coloring matter whatever.
And, secondly, I claim mixing such cocoa or chocolate with a gelatinous
preparation of Irish or Carrigeen moss, or of Iceland moss, or other similar
and suitable gelatinous preparation, or with a combination of any two or more

page_text: of such preparations, substantially in the manner and for the purposes above
more particularly set forth and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Farmer, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twentieth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
Witness,
BRISTOW HUNT,
1, Serle St., Lincoln's Inn,
Sol. and Patent Agent.
JAMES FARMER. (L.S.)