IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES DRIVEN BY HUMAN, ANIMAL, OR OTHER POWER HAVING A RECIPROCATING MOTION, AS GINS, MOWING AND REAPING MACHINES, RECIPROCATING SAWS, AND OTHERS OF THAT CLASS
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robertson and Charles James Waddell,
both of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES DRIVEN BY HUMAN,
ANIMAL, OR OTHER POWER HAVING A RECIPROCATING MOTION, AS GINS,
MOWING AND REAPING MACHINES, RECIPROCATING SAWS, AND OTHERS OF THAT
CLASS."
Sealed the 4th June 1867, and dated the 8th December 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robertson and
Charles James Waddell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 8th December 1866.
We, WILLIAM ROBERTSON and CHARLES JAMES WADDELL, both of the
City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES
DRIVEN BY HUMAN, ANIMAL, OR OTHER POWER HAVING A RECIPROCATING MOTION,
AS GINS, MOWING AND REAPING MACHINES, RECIPROCATING SAWS, AND OTHERS OF
THAT CLASS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
Our improvements relate to that class of machines driven by hand or foot,
horse, water, gas, steam, or other power, one of whose prominent features is
reciprocating motion, as gins, nowing and reaping machines, reciprocating
saws, and other machines of this class.
In Macarthy and other gins the reciprocating knife or knives, or equivalent
implement alternately acting on and relieving the seeds, aids in separating

page_text: them from the fibre as it is drawn off by the roller and knife or other
equivalent means. To give the required reciprocations to the knife or knives
we place upon the end of the roller or other equivalent shaft, driven by hand
or foot, horse, or other power, a wheel external or internal, and into this we
gear another in oscillating contact, internal or external, and so proportioned as
to give the number of oscillations for one of the roller which may be required
by the length of the staple or the judgment of the operative or user.
The wheels may be held in gear by central pins, or pins more or less oval
or not placed in the centre; the same means may be employed also to give
motion to the mower or reaping saw, or equivalent part of the reaping or
mowing machine. On the wheel, moved by band or foot, horse, or other
power, is fastened a wheel, external or internal, into which is geered another,
internal or external in oscillating contact, so proportioned as to produce the
required number of oscillations for one of the wheel before mentioned; the
pins before-mentioned may also be employed to keep these wheels in gear.
The oscillations are conveyed by a bell crank, to which the oscillating wheel is
connected by a universal joint; various well-known means may be employed
to convey these oscillations to the reaper. The wheels before-mentioned
may also be employed to give the reciprocations to a reciprocating saw. On
the end of the shaft, driven by hand, or foot, horse, or other power, is fastened
a wheel, external or internal, into which is geared another in oscillating contact
proportioned according to the number of oscillations required to be given to
the saw for one of the shaft. The oscillations are conveyed directly to the
reciprocating lever to which the saw is attached, or more or less indirectly,
according to the construction of the framing or the intention of the user. In
this case also the wheels may be kept in oscillating contact by means of
central pins, or pins not central being more or less oval.
It is obvious that the means we employ to produce and transmit these
oscillations may be applied to other machines of the class named, and having
features differing in some degree from those indicated, but we regard the
placing two wheels in oscillating contact with their guiding pins upon any
shaft receiving power by hand or otherwise in any such machines to be a
modification or use of this our Invention, which multiplies oscillations without
increasing the velocity of the part of the machine from which they are
derived.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Robertson and Charles James Waddell in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 6th June 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
ROBERTSON and CHARLES JAMES WADDELL, both of the City of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Der heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
William Robertson and Charles James Waddell, Her special licence that we,
the said William Robertson and Charles James Waddell, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said William Robertson
and Charles James Waddell, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES DRIVEN BY HUMAN, ANIMAL, OR OTHER POWER
HAVING A RECIPROCATING MOTION, AS GINS, MOWING AND REAPING MACHINES,
RECIPROCATING SAWS, AND OTHERS OF THAT CLASS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said William Robertson and Charles James Waddell,
our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar. mouths next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Robertson and Charles
James Waddell, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement, that is to say:-
Our improvements relate to that class of machines driven by band or foot,
horse, water, gas, steam, or other power, one of whose prominent features is
reciprocating motion, as gins, mowing and reaping machines, reciprocating
saws, and other machines of this class.
In Macarthy and other gins the reciprocating knife or knives or equivalent

page_text: implement alternately acting on and relieving the seeds aids in separating
them from the fibre as it is drawn off by the roller and knife or other equi-
valent means.
To give the required reciprocations to the knife or knives we
place upon the end of the roller or other equivalent shaft, driven by hand or
foot, horse, or other power, a wheel external or internal, and into this we gear
another in oscillating contact internal or external, and so proportioned as to
give the number of oscillations for one of the roller which may be required by
the length of the staple or the judgment of the operative or user.
The wheels may be held in gear by central pins, or pins more or less oval
or not placed in the centre; the same means may be employed also to give
motion to the mower or reaping saw or equivalent part of the reaping or
mowing machine. On the wheel, moved by hand or foot, horse, or other
power, is fastened a wheel, external, or internal into which is geered another
internal or external wheel in oscillating contact, so proportioned as to produce
the required number of oscillations for one of the wheel before mentioned;
the pins before-mentioned may also be employed to keep these wheels in gear.
The oscillations are conveyed by a bell crank to which the oscillating wheel is
connected by a universal joint; various well-known means may be employed
to convey these oscillations to the reaper; the wheels, before mentioned, may
On the
also be employed to give the reciprocations to a reciprocating saw.
end of the shaft, driven by hand or foot, horse or other power, is fastened a
wheel, external or internal, into which is geared another in oscillating contact
proportioned according to the number of oscillations required to be given to
the saw for one of the shaft. The oscillations are conveyed directly to the
reciprocating lever to which the saw is attached, or more or less indirectly
according to the construction of the framing or the intention of the user; in
this case also the wheels may be kept in oscillating contact by means of
central pins, or pins not central being more or less oval.
It is obvious that the means we employ to produce and transmit these
oscillations may be applied to other machines of the class named, and having
features differing in some degree from those indicated; but we regard the
placing two wheels in oscillating contact with their guiding pins upon any
shaft receiving power by hand or otherwise in any such machines to be a
modification or use of this our Invention, which multiplies oscillations without
increasing the velocity of the part of the machine from which they are
derived.
And in order that our Invention may be the more fully understood and
easily carried into effect, we will now proceed to describe the accompanying
Drawings.

page_text: Figure 1 is a side elevation of a cotton gin; Figure 2 is a front elevation
of a part thereof.
A is the framing of the machine; 61 is the roller which in conjunction with
the fixed blade c¹ separates the fibre and seeds, the action of the oscillating
beater knife by continually shaking the seeds materially aiding in this
operation; the fibre passes on and is delivered at the front of the machine.
The knife coscillates alternately from and towards the blade c'; its oscilla-
tions are produced as follows:-On the shaft 6 is placed the wheel 6 with
internal flutes or teeth, into which is geered another wheel with external
flutes or teeth; these wheels are held in oscillating contact by the pins a
and ; the wheel 6 is attached to or cast with the connecting rod f¹ which
swings on the pin k in the lever f* fastened on the shaft fs. The knife c
is fastened in the usual way to the well-known adjustable lever fe, so that the
knife can be set near to or further from the surface of the roller b. On the
shaft is fastened the lever f, which is connected to the lever f" by means
of the connecting rod f; the one end of this connecting rod is formed with a
suitable universal joint and socket through which the lever f' passes, while.
the other end is also provided with a socket through which the lever f' passes;
by this arrangement the wheel 6 will not rotate round its own centre, but will
produce and transmit through the connecting rod f, the lever f, the shaft f³,
the lever f*, the connecting rod f³, and the lever fa reciprocating or oscillating
motion to the knife c, and the proportion between the number of revolutions
of the wheel b and the number of oscillations produced in will be as the
proportion between the difference of the diameter of the wheels b³ and
divided into the diameter of 63; the length of stroke imparted to f¹ will
be in the proportion of the difference between the diameters of the wheels:
From the arrangement of the lever f³, the shaft f³, the lever f', the con-
necting rod f³, and the lever fo, the knife c' may be brought nearer to or
removed further from the roller 6', or the length of the stroke may be varied
without altering the position or relation of the wheels 63 and 6*.
In Figure 3 is shown a side elevational section, and in Figure 4 a back
elevation of a mowing and reaping machine constructed according to our
improvements.
A is the frame or bed plate of the machine; B, the side frame; C, the
back of the machine, C¹ being a door or lid to give easy access to the
machinery; 6 is the driving or main wheel; c is the usual oscillating or
reciprocating knife or saw, c¹ the fixed one. On the inside of the wheel b³
are cast internal teeth, and, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, suspended from the
pink, in the lever få is the connecting rod f', cast on or attached to which

page_text: is the oscillating wheel 6 geered into the wheel 6, and beld in oscillating
contact therewith by the pin
in the wheel b, which works round the
pin attached to the framing A. The lever f³ made with or fastened
on the shaft f is connected to the lever f' by a suitable universal joint
and socket; on the shaft f is made or suitably fastened the lever f³.
The connecting rod f' is jointed at its one end to the lever f and at the
other to the knife c³, and transmits to it the oscillations received from the
lever f. As in the cotton gin so in this machine the wheel will not
revolve round its own centre, but will make and transmit through the con-
necting rod f¹, the lever f2, the lever f³, the shaft f', the lever f³, and the
connecting rod fƒ a reciprocating or oscillating motion to the kuife c, the pro-
portion between the revolutions of the wheel and the oscillation of the
wheel 6 being in the same proportion as herein-before described.
In Figure 5 is shown a side elevation of a saw frame to which our improve-
ments are added. A is the framing of the machine; f and a², the beams or
levers between which the saw c is stretched, the tension being kept up by
any adjustable well-known tension rod or other means applied at the other end
of the frame. On the pin in the lever f is suspended the connecting
rod f, cast with or attached to which is the external oscillating wheel b' with
internal flutes or teeth which geer into the external flutes or teeth of the wheel 63
on the main shaft 6, the wheels and being kept in oscillating contact by
means of the pin a attached to the wheel 6', which revolves round the
pin attached to the framing A; as has been already shown, the wheel b
does not rotate round its own centre, but produces an oscillating motion
which is conveyed through the connecting rod f¹ to the lever f, and
therefrom to the saw or knife c².
In gins, mowing and reaping machines, and saws, when more than one
part requires to receive oscillating motion, the various reciprocating parts may
be connected to each other, or, if preferred, each part may be provided with
its own pair of wheels, but this we regard as only a modification of our
Invention. Instead of guide pins a crank or other suitable arrangement may
be used, or both may be dispensed with in some cases when wheels with teeth
of such numbers and proportion are employed that they keep themselves in
oscillating contact. Instead of tooth wheels frictional or brush wheels may be
used; this also is a modification of our Invention.
Although in Figures 1 and 2, 3 and 4. we have shown driving wheels with
internal teeth, and in Figure 5 the driving wheel with external teeth, yet in
either of the cases the reverse night have been the case, without in the least
altering the nature of this our Invention.

page_text: It is evident that the movement, herein-before described, is applicable to
many other machines in which a reciprocating motion or motions is a pro-
minent feature.
Having now fully described our Invention, and the manner in which the
same is to be performed, we declare that we claim as our Invention the
placing and retaining two wheels in oscillating contact, as herein-before
described, with or without guiding pins, one of these wheels being upon any
shaft receiving power by hand or otherwise, and so proportioned that they
either multiply or diminish oscillation without increasing or diminishing the
velocity of the part of the machine from which these oscillations are derived,
by proportioning the wheels in the manner herein-before described.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Robertson and Charles James
Waddell, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Third day of
June, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
seven.
WILLIAM ROBERTSON.
(L.S.)
CHARLES JAMES WADDELL. (L.S.)