IMPROVEMENTS IN FREIGHT CARS OR WAGGONS, SUCH AS ARE USED ON RAILROADS FOR TRANSPORTING CATTLE, HORSES, AND OTHER LIVE STOCK FOR CONSIDERABLE DISTANCES."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Clarke, of Truro, Nova Scotia, Dominion of
Canada, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FREIGHT CARS OR WAGGONS,
SUCH AS ARE USED ON RAILROADS FOR TRANSPORTING CATTLE, HORSES, AND
OTHER LIVE STOCK FOR CONSIDERABLE DISTANCES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Clarke at the Office
"IMPROVEMENTS
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th January 1880.
THOMAS CLARKE, of Truro, Nova Scotia, Dominion of Canada.
IN FREIGHT CARS OR WAGGONS, SUCH AS ARE USED ON RAILROADS FOR
TRANSPORTING CATTLE, HORSES, AND OTHER LIVE STOck FOR CONSIDERABLE
DISTANCES."
My Invention relates to improvements in freight cars, such as are used on
railroads for transporting cattle, horses, and other live stock for considerable
distances.
It is a well known fact that owing to the defective construction of cattle trucks
or cars hitherto in use, the animals during transportation are huddled together
without food and drink, and without necessary ventilation, and without the
comfort of separation and cleanliness; they are thus not only exposed to much
suffering, but as a consequence numbers die during a long journey, and a much
greater number become diseased before reaching their destination, thus rendering
their flesh unfit as food for man.
The object of this Invention is to overcome the said difficulties by providing a
truck or car of such construction that it may be readily and conveniently changed
into a stable with suitable stalls or pens, or both, to accommodate and keep separate
a greater or less number of animals, and with means to supply them with food,
water, and ample ventilation, and to sprinkle their bodies and clean their stalls.
The body of the car is provided with horse or cattle stalls or booths in the
following manner :-Division lines parallel with the end walls of the car are made
to enclose spaces, each space being of proper size to contain two stalls. These
spaces are then subdivided in two spaces each by somewhat diagonally drawn lines,
converging with the herein before described division lines, towards the head stalls
and diverging toward the opposite end of the stalls in order to economize space,
and at the same time to better prevent interference with each other of the animals,
Povies Rd7

page_text: which latter are placed so that the heads of any two adjacent ones face alternately
the side walls of the car. When used partly or wholly to carry hogs, sheep, or
calves, the car is also divided longitudinally.
The posts and chains (or ropes forming the real partitions between the stalls) are
hinged and stretched in the vertical planes of the aforesaid division lines.
Side posts are provided, every two of which are arranged in pairs on opposite
sides of the car for a head stall. These are preferably made of iron plates having a
portion cut away at top and bottom along one of the vertical edges; the edge
thereby left projecting from the main portion is turned back upon the latter in
the shape (when seen in cross-section) of a staple or letter U, having one leg
much longer than the other. By this bend a plate may easily be hinged or
unhinged upon or from the vertical main portion of an iron rod, having its ends
bent at right angles and passed through the wall of the car, and through bars to
which the said ends are held by nuts on the outside of the wall, a ring or shoulder
in the bend of the rod affording space between the latter and the inside of the wall,
to allow of inserting the edge in hinging the plate upon the rod. The ends of each
rod are put through a vertical strengthening rib or bar on the outside of the car
before going through and being secured to bars. The latter are thus bolted to the
outside of the vertical bars, and running the whole length and across the ends of
the car serve as braces to materially strengthen the walls of the car against the
strain to which they may be subjected by the attempts of the cattle to get loose
during the jolting. of the car when in motion.
The bars are intended to be made of iron. The vertical ribs keep the horizontal
bars from the surface of the walls between the said ribs a distance equal to the
thickness of the ribs, thus affording space to allow of a chain or chain ring being
passed around and attached to the horizontal bars for keeping the floor slides in
place, or for other purposes.
The side pieces being hinged on the rods, as before described, may be turned
to rest flat against the walls, and thus occupy a very small space when not in use,
but when needed to form stalls, they are swung out and connected to those on the
opposite side by stretched chains (or ropes) joined together in the middle by snap
hooks, the other ends of the chains being attached to the edge of the plates by
rings going through holes. When in this position the inner edges of each pair
of plates or hinged side. posts forming a head stall serve as guides for the feed
and water buckets, which latter have corresponding vertical grooves on their rear
side adapting them to slide upon guides when raised or lowered by cords running
on pulleys, and operated above. The buckets may be still further guided and
prevented from swinging forward out of the guides by vertical hitching rods secured
to the plates in juxtaposition to each other, and in front of the buckets.
jocs are provided with short sliding.chains attachable one on each side by a snap
hook to a collar on the animal's neck, so as to hitch the latter securely to the
headstall, while allowing it perfect freedom to feed, drink, and lie down, the chains
sliding on the rods with the raising and lowering of the animal's head.
The
In feeding horses and cattle the buckets are used for holding cut feed and water
simultaneously or successively, but in feeding hogs and sheep they are used for
water only, the grit or other feed being supplied in troughs hoisted down between
the guiding outer surfaces of the hinged side plates of two adjacent head stalls,
whereby two pens or folds are formed by connecting the chains of the plate hinged
at the end of the car by other chains to one or other of the sets of chains which
form the cross partitions. When the whole truck or car needs to be occupied for
pens or folds, the chains are continued throughout the length of the car, and hooked
to the chains of the plate hinged at the opposite end wall of the car.
To assist in
entering the bucket in lowering the same within the hitch bars, the front side of
the bucket may be bevelled off on its lower edge.
The floor of the car is made level from the wall at the head of each stall to the
centre line, and inclining downward from the said centre line to the opposite wall
at the rear end of each stall, thus leaving at the side of each horizontal surface of a

page_text: stall an inclined depressed surface in which the water and spillings from the
animals flow down, and are discharged through holes or openings cut through the
floor of the car near the wall in the lowest part of the slope, one opening in each
slope. Each opening is covered by a sliding grate which is inserted and removed
through an opening in the wall of suitable size to allow of the introduction therein
of a scraper, wherewith the dirt on the floor is raked down into the floor opening.
The said opening is closed when the floor slide is in place by a vertical board of the
slide, which board is provided with a spring bolt for locking the slide to the wall
or to the bar, and with an operating handle having attached to it one end of a
chain, whose other end goes around and is secured to the bar to prevent the slide
from accidentally falling off and getting lost.
The walls of the car are provided with apertures in sufficient numbers for ample
ventilation. Above the roof of the ordinary cattle truck or car I arrange a second
storey for holding feed and water supplies for the live stock below, and only just
high enough to allow of the manipulations necessary for that purpose.
The said upper storey is divided longitudinally by walls into a central passage
(just wide enough for an attendant or the brakesman to pass through) and two
store rooms, one on each side of the passage; which store rooms are subdivided by
transverse partitions into pairs of bins for cut feed, so that the attendant standing
in the centre passage between a pair of bins can fill the feed and water buckets of
one stall at his left and of another stall at his right side before proceeding to the
next pair of bins.
The roof covering the store rooms is made slanting downward on either side of
the central passage and the portion of the roof covering the said passage is
horizontal and provided in the central vertical plane of each pair of bins with a feed
opening or hopper, through which (its cover being first removed) the cut feed is
supplied to the pair of bins simultaneously by falling upon the dividing angle of
the incline feed boards of the pair of bins.
The roof between the hoppers is provided with air apertures which, with the
openings in the hoppers, are arranged equidistant apart. Underneath the horizontal
roof, between the same and the angle of the feed boards along the whole length of
the central passage is arranged a slide provided with equi-distant apertures
corresponding to those apertures herein before described, and the floor of the passage
is provided with series of grated (or not grated) vent holes, so that when the slide
is properly placed abundant ventilation may be afforded the animals through the
apertures, and when the slide is slid to close the apertures no feed can be spilled
through the latter while charging the bins, and the holes in the slide are directly
underneath the hoppers, allowing the feed to drop through to the bins. The slide
instead of being continuous may be made in two or more sections. In order to
inspect the contents of the bins and facilitate the manipulations of feeding the
animals the wall is provided with an opening or wicket slide. The buckets and
troughs are operated from the central passage by cords (or small chains) going
through holes in the walls, and suitable devices for fastening said cords to keep the
buckets or troughs at the desired elevation, and are charged with feed through
similarly operated trap doors hinged in an opening in the bin floor one above each
bucket or trough. By letting out the cord a little so that the trap door will form
a slide board or chute a portion of the cut feed will drop from the bin into the
bucket or trough.
A stop prevents the trap door from being raised in closing above the surface of
the floor of the feed bin.
Drink for the animals is supplied to the buckets from a tank (or water pipe)
arranged all along the inside of the outer walls of the second storey. The tank is
charged through the inlet spout and has a small faucet attached to its underside
above each bucket, which latter is filled with water by turning the faucet handle,
whose rod is long enough to reach from the faucet to the passage where the handle
is operated. Directly underneath the floor of the passage one or two hoses having
nozzles are connected to the tank at one or both ends of the car.

page_text: The hose is supported upon hooks under the floor of the passage and is accessible
through apertures to wash the stalls and refresh the animals by sprinkling with
water.
It is evident that, if desired, a car may be provided with two floors of stalls, and
the animals in both storeys be fed and watered from the same upper store room,
bins, and water tank, by making suitable openings and guides in the floors and
walls for hoisting the buckets and troughs accordingly.
The tank may be placed directly underneath the upper floor, but I prefer placing
it as described, as the higher it is placed the better will it work in sprinkling the
floor and the animals.
To enable the attendants of a train of cars to pass safely from the feed floor of
one cattle car to that of the next I provide at each end of the central passage a
hinged bridge or platform of length nearly equal to about one half of the shortest
distance between two adjacent cars when coupled together.
These are provided on their underside with cleats or shoulders arranged to act as
stops against the outside of the end walls of the car when the bridge is lowered to
nearly horizontal position, and have also circular side rails or braces sliding against
the surface of the passage walls when the bridge is being raised or lowered. Upon
the end of each brace is formed a toe or hook which acts as a stop against a pin in
the wall when the bridge is lowered, and on the edge of the brace opposite to the
hook is formed a well which acts against another pin in the wall with friction
enough (when the bridge is raised) to bring the well past the said pin to hold the
bridge in the vertical position until the attendant from the lowered bridge of the
next car pulls the former bridge down to enable him to pass from one car to the
other.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in. pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Thomas Clarke in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 17th July
1880.
"
IMPROVEMENTS
THOMAS CLARKE, of Truro, Nova Scotia, Dominion of Canada.
IN FREIGHT CARS OR WAGGONS, SUCH AS ARE USED ON RAILROADS FOR
TRANSPORTING CATTLE, HORSES, AND OTHER LIVE STOCK FOR CONSIDERABLE
DISTANCES."
. My Invention relates to improvements in freight cars, such as are used on rail-
roads for transporting cattle, horses, and other live stock for considerable distances.
It is a well known fact that owing to the defective construction of cattle trucks
or cars hitherto in use, the animals during transportation are huddled together
without food and drink and without necessary ventilation, and without the
comfort of separation and cleanliness, they are thus not only exposed to much
suffering, but as a consequence numbers die during a long journey, and a much
greater number become diseased before reaching their destination, thus rendering
their flesh unfit as food for man.
The object of this Invention is to overcome the said difficulties by providing a
truck or car of such construction that it may be readily and conveniently changed
into a stable with suitable stalls or pens, or both, to accommodate and keep
separate a greater or less number of animals, and with means to supply them with
food, water, and ample ventilation, and to sprinkle their bodies and clean their
stalls.
But to make my Invention better understood I will proceed to describe the same
by reference to the accompanying Drawing, in which Figure 1 represents a side
elevation (partly in longitudinal vertical central section) of a truck or car for live
stock constructed according to my present Invention; Figure 2 is a plan of the
same partly in horizontal section taken on the line a, x, of Figure 1; Figure 3 is
a horizontal section of the same through the line y, y, of Figure 1; Figure 4 is a
vertical cross section of the same taken through the line Z, Z, of Figure 1;
Figure 5 is a side elevation of one of the hinged side posts of a head stall;
Figure 6 is a front elevation of the two hinged posts which form a head stall;
Figure 7 is a horizontal section of the same, with a top view of one of the feed and
water buckets; Figure 8 is a side view of one of the said buckets; Figure 9 is a
detailed cross section of the water tank with water tap and operating handlo;
Figures 10 and 11, part sectional side and front views shewing a slightly modified
form of construction. Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in
the different Figures.
The body of the car is provided with horse or cattle stalls or booths in the
following manner :-Division lines a b, cd, ef, (see Figure 3) parallel with the end
walls of the car are made to enclose spaces a, b, d, e, a, each space being of proper
size to contain two stalls. These spaces are then subdivided in two spaces, each by
the somewhat diagonally drawn lines g, h, i, j, k, l, converging with the lines a b, c d,
towards the head stalls, and diverging toward the opposite end of the stalls in
order to economize space, and at the same time to better prevent interference with
each other of the animals, which latter are placed as indicated in the Drawing, the
heads of any two adjacent ones facing alternately the side walls of the car.
used partly or wholly to carry hogs, sheep, or calves, the car is also divided
longitudinally, partly or wholly, along the line m, m, m. The posts and chains
(or ropes) forming the real partitions between the stalls are hinged and stretched
in the vertical planes indicated by the aforesaid division lines.
"
When
A are the side posts, every two of which are arranged in pairs on opposite sides
of the car for a headstall. These are preferably made of iron plates having a
portion cut away at top and bottom along one of the vertical edges at a' and the

page_text: edge a², thereby left projecting from the main portion, turned back upon the latter
in the shape (when seen in cross section) of a staple or letter U, having one leg
much longer than the other. By this bend a plate A may easily be hinged or
unhinged upon or from the vertical main portion of an iron rod B, having its ends
b' bent at right angles and passed through the wall of the car and through the
bars C, to which the said ends are held by nuts c on the outside of the wall, a
ring or shoulder 62 in the bend of the rod affording space between the latter and
the inside of the wall to allow of inserting the edge as in hinging the plate A
upon the rod B. The ends b' of each rod B are put through a vertical strengthening
rib or bar c on the outside of the car before going through and being secured to
the bars C. The latter are thus bolted to the outside of the vertical bars c, and
running the whole length and across the ends of the car serve as braces to
materially strengthen the walls of the car against the strain to which they may be
subjected by the attempts of the cattle to get loose during the jolting of the car
when in motion.
The bars C are intended to be made of iron. The vertical ribs c² keep the
horizontal bars C from the surface of the walls between the said ribs a distance
equal to the thickness of the ribs c², thus affording space to allow of a chain or
chain ring being passed around and attached to the bars C for keeping the floor
slides in place (as hereinafter shown) or for other purposes. The bars C on the
side walls of the car are omitted in Figure 3 in order to better show the parts
lying underneath them.
The side pieces A being hinged on the rods B, as before described, may be turned
to rest flat against the walls, and thus occupy a very small space when not in use,
but when needed to form stalls they are swung out as in Figures 3 and 4 and
connected to those on the opposite side by stretched chains (or ropes) D. joined
together in the middle by snap hooks d¹, the other ends of the chains being attached
When in this
to the edge of the plates A by rings going through the holes d².
position the inner edges a² of each pair of plates or hinged side posts A, A, forming
a head stall serve as guides for the feed and water buckets E, which latter have
corresponding vertical grooves el on their rear side adapting them to slide upon
the guides a when raised or lowered by cords F running on pulleys fl and operated
above. The buckets E may be still further guided and prevented from swinging
forward out of the guides a³ by the vertical hitching rods G secured to the plates A,
as shewn in Figures 6 and 7 in juxta position to each other, and in front of the
buckets. The rods G are provided with short sliding chains gl attachable one on
each side by a snap hook to a collar on the animal's neck (as illustrated at the left
end of Figure 3), so as to hitch the latter securely to the head stall, while allowing
it perfect freedom to feed, drink, and lie down, the chains g' sliding on the rods G
with the raising and lowering of the animal's head.
In feeding horses and cattle the buckets E are used for holding cut feed and
water simultaneously or successively, but in feeding hogs and sheep they are used
for water only, the grit or other feed being supplied in troughs H hoisted down
between the guiding outer surfaces of the hinged side plates A of two adjacent
head stalls, as shewn at the right end of Figure 3, where two pens or folds are
formed by.connecting the chains D of the plate A hinged at the end of the car by
other chains in the line m, m, to one or other of the sets of chains which form
the cross partitions, such as are shewn in the lines e f, and c d. When the whole
car needs to be occupied for pens or folds the chains d are continued throughout
the length of the car and booked to the chains D of the plate A hinged at the
opposite end wall of the car. To assist in entering the bucket E, in lowering the
same within the hitch bars G, the front side of the bucket may be bevelled off on
its lower edge, as shewn in Figure 8.
The floor of the car is made level from the wall at the head of each stall to the
centre, line m, m, m, and inclining downward from the said centre line to the
opposite wall at the rear end of each stall, thus leaving at the side of each horizontal
surface H of a stall an inclined depressed surface H', in which the water and

page_text: spillings from the animals flow down and are discharged through holes or openings ¹
cut through the floor of the car near the wall in the lowest part of the slope H¹,
one opening in each slope. Each opening h' is covered by a sliding grate I which
is inserted and removed through an opening J in the wall of suitable size to allow
of the introduction therein of a scraper wherewith the dirt on the floor is raked
down into the floor opening ¹. The opening J is closed when the floor slide I is
in place by the vertical board i¹ of the slide, which board is provided with a spring
bolt for locking the slide I to the wall or to the bar C, and with an operating handle
having attached to it one end of a chain j¹, whose other end goes around and is
secured to the bar C to prevent the slide from accidentally falling off and getting
lost.
The walls of the car are provided with apertures A¹ in sufficient number for
ample ventilation. Above the roof of the ordinary cattle car I arrange a second
story for holding feed and water supplies for the live stock below, and just only
high enough to allow of the manipulations necessary for that purpose.
The said upper storey is divided longitudinally by the walls L into a central
passage M (just wide enough for an attendant or the brakesman to pass through),
and two store rooms N, one on each side of the passage M, which store rooms N
are sub-divided by transverse partitions n' in the vertical planes a b, c d, and ef,
into pairs of bins 0, 0¹, for cut feed, so that the attendant, standing in the centre
passage M, between a pair of bins, can fill the feed and water buckets of one stall
at his left and of another stall at his right side before proceeding to the next pair
of bins.
The roof covering the store rooms N is made slanting downward on either side
of the central passage M, as shewn in the Drawing, and the portion of the roof
covering the said passage is horizontal, and provided in the central vertical plane
of each pair of bins 0, 0¹, with a feed opening or hopper P, through which (its
cover p¹ being first removed) the cut feed is supplied to the pair of bins O, O¹,
simultaneously by falling upon the dividing angle of the inclined feed boards Q, Q',
of the pair of bins 0, 0¹, arranged as shewn in Figures 1 and 4. The roof between
the hoppers P is provided with air apertures p², which, with the openings in the
hoppers are arranged equidistant apart. Underneath the horizontal roof, between
the same and the angle of the feed boards Q, Q', along the whole length of the
central passage M, is arranged a slide R, provided with equidistant apertures,
corresponding to the apertures P, p², and the floor of the passage M is provided
with series of grated (or not grated) vent holes m³, so that when the slide R is
placed as in Figures 1 and 4 abundant ventilation may be afforded to the animals
through the apertures p², r¹, m³, and when the slide R is slid to close the apertures p²
no feed can be spilled through the latter while charging the bins, and the holes in
the slide R are directly underneath the hoppers P, allowing the feed to drop
through to the bins. The slide R instead of being continuous may be made in
two or more sections. In order to inspect the contents of the bins and facilitate
the manipulations of feeding the animals the wall L is provided with an opening
or wicket slide l'.
The buckets and troughs E, H, are operated from the central passage M. by cords
(or small chains) going through holes in the walls L, and suitable devices are
provided for fastening the said cords to keep the buckets or troughs at the desired
elevation, and the buckets or troughs are charged with feed through similarly
operated trap doors S hinged in an opening in the bin floor, one above each
bucket or trough.
By letting out the cord s a little, so that the trap door S will form a slide board
or chute, as shewn in Figure 4, a portion of the cut feed will drop from the bin
into the bucket or trough. A stop s prevents the trap door S from being raised
in closing above the surface of the floor of the feed bin.
Drink for the animals is supplied to the buckets from a tank T (or water pipe
five to six inches in diameter) arranged all along the inside of the outer walls of the
second storey, as shewn in the Drawing.

page_text: The tank T is charged through the inlet spout t¹, and has a small faucet U
attached to its underside above each bucket, which latter is filled with water by
turning the faucet handle u, the rod of which is long enough to reach from the
faucet to the passage M, where the handle is operated. Directly underneath the
floor of the passage M one or two pieces of hose V, having nozzles v, are connected
to the tank T at one or both ends of the car. The hose is supported upon hooks W
under the floor of the passage M, and is accessible through the apertures m² to
wash the stalls and refresh the animals by sprinkling with water.
It is evident that, if desired, a car may be provided with two floors of stalls, and
the animals in both storeys be fed and watered from the same upper store room,
bins, and water tank by making suitable openings and guides in the floors and
walls for hoisting the buckets and troughs accordingly.
The tank T may be placed directly underneath the upper floor, but I prefer
placing it where shown, as the higher it is placed the better will it work in.
sprinkling the floor and the animals.
To enable the attendants of a train of cars to pass safely from the feed floor of
one cattle car to that of the next, I provide at each end of the central passage M
a hinged bridge or platform X of a length nearly equal to about one half of the
shortest distance between two adjacent cars when coupled together. These are
provided on their underside with cleats or shoulders arranged to act as stops
against the outside of the end walls of the car when the bridge is lowered to nearly
a horizontal position, as shewn in Figure 1, and they have also circular side rails or
braces Y sliding against the surface of the passage walls L when the bridge is being
raised or lowered. Upon the end of each, brace Y is formed a toe or hook У which
acts as a stop against a pin Z in the wall L when the bridge is lowered, and on the
edge of the brace opposite to the hook y is formed a welt y' which acts against
another pin Z in the wall L with friction enough (when the bridge is raised) to
bring the welt y past the said pin to hold the bridge X in the vertical position
until the attendant from the lowered bridge of the next car pulls the former bridge
down to enable him to pass from one car to the other.
In the modified construction shewn in Figures 10 and 11, I do away with the
hoppers P on the top of the roof for filling the feed bins, and I fill them through
the openings or wickets in the central passage M, as shewn, and instead of
ventilating the car from the top by means of the slide R, I dispense with this
slide, the ventilation being effected through the openings Q, Q', which in this
arrangement are not covered by the roof, and instead of sloping the roof from the
top I only slope it from beneath Q to a little above f¹, and I simply raise the
perpendicular partitions of the central passage to the height required for the con-
venience of the attendant. This improves the appearance of the roof, and reduces
the height and cost of construction of the car, and only lessens the capacity of each
feed bin by about eight to ten pounds.
A modification in the construction of the door of my improved car consists in
dividing it across, one third being hinged from the top, and two thirds from the
bottom. The top part affords more or less ventilation as required, and the lower
part serves as a platform or bridge for the animals to enter and leave the car; this
latter part is provided with cleats to keep the animals from slipping off.
Having thus described my Invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by
Letters Patent,―
Firstly. The general arrangement and construction of the improved freight car or
wagon for transporting horses, cattle, and other live stock, substantially as herein-
before described and represented in the accompanying Drawing.
Secondly. A freight car for live stock having an extra storey separate from the
stable floor, and arranged for containing feed for the animals, substantially as
specified.
Thirdly. A freight car for live stock having an upper storey arranged for con-
taining feed and water supply for the animals, substantially as specified.
Fourthly. In a freight car for live stock the hinged head posts A in combination

page_text: with chains, ropes, or other flexible material D, d', d², for rapidly dividing the car
into stalls and pens, substantially as specified.
Fifthly. A freight car divided by posts and chains A, D, into stalls, of which
those adjacent to each other are arranged to face alternate side walls of the car,
and in which the rear floor space of each stall is provided with an outward
incline H having floor opening h¹ with cover I in connection with a rake or
scraper aperture J, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Sixthly. In a freight car for live stock the rods B bolted through the walls,
and the horizontal bars C, and provided with collars or shoulders 62 to adapt
them for use as hinged pins for the head posts A, substantially as specified.
Seventhly. A freight car for live stock provided with hoisting buckets or troughs
(or both) E, H, for conveying feed and water from the store room to the stable or
car floor, substantially as specified.
Eighthly. A head stall formed of a pair of hinged plates A having reverted
edges a³ in combination with a bucket E provided with the guide grooves e¹,
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Ninthly. A head stall formed of a pair of hinged plates A baving the reverted
edges a² and the vertical hitch bars Ġ in combination with the buckets E and
collar chains g', substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Tenthly. In combination with the stable room of a freight car for live stock an
upper store room N, N, divided by the walls L and partitions n¹ into a longitudinal
passage M and lateral feed bins O, O', substantially as specified.
Eleventhly. The hinged trap doors S arranged in the floor of the feed bins 0, 0¹,
and operated from the central passage M of the feed store of a freight car for
live stock in combination with the hoisting buckets and troughs E, substantially
as specified.
Twelfthly. In a freight car for live stock the water tank T arranged along the
walls of the feed store N, N, and provided with water taps U having handles u
operated from the central passage M in combination with the buckets or troughs E,
substantially as specified.
Thirteenthly. The device for charging a pair of feed bins O, O', simultaneously,
namely, the combination with the said feed bins and the central hopper P of the
angular feed board Q. Q', arranged astride the central passage M, substantially as
specified.
Fourteenthly. In a freight car for live stock the combination of the central
portion of the roof, provided with the hoppers P and intermediate vents 2, the
subjacent slide R provided with openings, and the feed boards Q, Q', for closing
the apertures p while filling the bins, substantially as specified.
Fifteenthly. In combination with the water tank T the hose V suspended on
hooks W directly beneath the floor openings m¹ of the central passage M, as and
for the purposes set forth.
Sixteenthly. In a freight car for live stock the bridge X hinged at the end of the
central passage M of the feed store, and provided with the side rails or braces Y
in combination with suitable retaining catches and stops x, y, y, Z, Z, substantially
as and for the purpose set forth.
Seventeenthly. The modified construction of the top part of the car, as herein-
before described and shewn in Figures 10 and 11 of the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Clarke, have hereto set my hand
and seal, this Nineteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty.
THOMAS CLARKE. (L.S.)