IMPROVEMENTS IN. OR CONNECTED WITH MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BREAKING OR REDUCING STONES AND OTHER HARD AND BRITTLE SUBSTANCES, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES.”
Year: 1877

page_text: "
LETTERS PATENT to George Dalton, of Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer,
for the Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN. OR CONNECTED WITH MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR BREAKING OR REDUCING STONES AND OTHER HARD AND
BRITTLE SUBSTANCES, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE
TO OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES.”
Sealed the 15th September 1877, and dated the 4th July 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Dalton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th July 1877.
GEORGE DALTON, of Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer.
'IMPROVEMENTS
IN OR CONNECTED WITH MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BREAKING OR REDUCING
STONES AND OTHER HARD AND BRITTLE SUBSTANCES, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVE-
MENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES."
My Invention relates to the machinery or apparatus which are now well known
as Blake's improved stone breaking machines, such machines consisting mainly of
a movable jaw. and a stationary jaw, between which the stones (for example) to be
broken are operated upon and reduced, and my Invention consists in the peculiar
mode of combining with the machine an engine for operating the movable jaw, so
as to admit of the engine gear being disconnected at will from the actuating lever
of the jaw in order to enable the engine to be employed for driving other
machinery; also in arranging the combined engine and machine when made
portable, so that it shall be self-propelling and draw its boiler with it; also in the
combination with the engine of winding gear for drawing a train of wagons or for
other like purposes; and, further, of a mode of constructing pin joints applicable
both to stone-breaking machines and to other machinery, so as to admit of the
working parts being tightened when worn; also of other improvements, all as
herein-after more fully described:
4
In carrying out my Invention, the cylinder (or cylinders, if more than one are
used) is arranged in any suitable position upon the machine, and the rod of its
piston by preference works through the cover at the opposite side of the cylinder

page_text: •
to that at which the rocking lever of the movable jaw is situate, and is connected
to a cross rod or bar, the opposite extremities of which are attached by suitable
rods to slides arranged one on each side of the cylinder for receiving the motion of
the piston and transmitting it to the rocking lever for operating the jaw.
These slides, which are by preference of a V and an inverted V form respectively
on their under and upper sides, work between counterpart surfaces in the bed plate
or frame, and are attached by other rods to another cross bar connected with the
crank of the main shaft, in such a manner that when the engine gear is dis-
connected in the manner berein-after described froin the rocking lever of the
machine, the motion of the engine may be transmitted to the crank shaft alone, and
thence employed for propelling the combined machine with its boiler or for driving
other machinery.
In order to facilitate such disengagement the slides are connected to rods, which
transmit the motion to the rocking lever of the stone-breaking machine in the
following manner: -The slides are each bifurcated, the boss of one extremity of the
rod passing between the two branches of the fork of the slide, and a pin is inserted
through the whole, its extremity, which is of reduced diameter, being screwed into
one of the branches of the fork, whilst the pin is prevented from loosening by means
of a transverse pin inserted in a hole formed half in the head of the main pin and
half in an annular projection on one of the branches of the fork, so that when the
stone breaker is required to be thrown out of action by withdrawing the transverse
pins and loosening the screw pins, the rods may be turned up and the engine used
for any other required purpose.
The combined machine and engine may be made portable by being mounted on
wheels, and caused to propel itself with its boiler (which is mounted on séparate
frame and wheels and connected by flexible joints) through the intervention of a
spur pinion engaging with an internal spur wheel in one of the travelling wheels
or by any other suitable arrangement of gearing, the same being capable of being
thrown into and out of action as required. I also combine with the engine a
winding drum and gear, so as to admit of the engine being employed for drawing
stone wagons or for any other similar purpose.
The engine may also be employed for driving any other machinery, either
combined therewith or detached therefrom, it being fitted with an expansion or
cut-off valve and gear so as to admit of the engine being worked expansively or
not, according as less or more duty is required.
My improvement in the mode of constructing pin joints (which is also applicable
to machinery generally) has for its object compensating for the wear of the parts
by rendering them capable of being set up with facility, as required.
In carrying out this part of my Invention the two rods to be connected are made
so that one will embrace the other at its extremity, one rod being bifurcated and
the other enclosed between the two branches of the fork, and they are connected
together by a pin, having a feather or series of feathers, one part of or one of which
engages in a groove in the enclosed boss of the one rod whilst other portions of the
feather, or other feathers, engage in grooves in conical brasses which are fitted in
corresponding holes, one in each of the two branches of the surrounding bifurcated
.rod.
On one extremity of the pin there is formed a head, and on the opposite
extremity, which is threaded, there is fitted a nut or nuts, by tightening which when
required the conical brasses are set up equally on opposite sides, so as to compensate
for the wear which has taken place in the surfaces of the joint.
it
My Invention also consists in casting the frames of the machines hollow, so as
to reduce the weight by casting in cores at suitable distances; also in combining
a crane for lifting the separate pieces in connection with the machine, as, for
example, facilitating the changing of the jaws. I prefer to use a worm and worm
wheel for hoisting, as it can be worked by one man; but other methods may be
employed for the purpose.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said George Dalton in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 3rd January
1878.
GEORGE DALTON, of Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN OR CONNECTED WITH MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BREAKING OR REDUCING
STONES AND OTHER HARD AND BRITTLE SUBSTANCES, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVE-
MENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES."
My said Invention relates to the machinery or apparatus which are now well
known as Blake's improved stone breaking machines, such machines consisting
mainly of a moveable jaw and a stationary jaw, between which the stones (for
example) to be broken are operated upon and reduced, and my said Invention
consists in the peculiar mode of combining with the machine an engine for
operating the movable jaw so as to admit of the engine gear being disconnected at
will from the actuating lever of the jaw, in order to enable the engine to be
employed for driving other machinery, also in arranging the combined engine and
machine (made portable on wheels) so that it shall be self-propelling and draw its
boiler with it; also in the combination with the engine of winding gear for drawing
a train of waggons or for other like purposes; also in the employment as an integral
part of the machine of a crane, for facilitating the raising and lowering of the
component parts of the machine when required, as for example, the jaws for the
facility of changing the same; and, further, of a mode of constructing pin joints,
applicable both to stone-breaking machines and to other machinery, so as to admit
of the working parts being tightened. when worn, all as herein-after more fully
described with reference to the several Figures on the two Sheets of Drawings
hereunto annexed.
Figure 1 (on Sheet 1) of the Drawings represents a side elevatn of a combined
stone-breaking machine and engine, embodying some of the improvements which
form the subject matter of my said Invention; Figure 2 is a corresponding plan of
the same, and Figures 3 and 4 are sectional details of a portion of the connection
between the engine and the stone-breaking apparatus.
Figure 5 (on Sheet 2) represents a side elevation of a combined stone-breaking
machine and engine of a different type to that shewn in Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 1,
and having applied thereto other improvements which in part form the subject
matter of my said Invention, and Figure 6 is a sectional elevation illustrating my
improvements in pin joints.
The same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the Figures.
Referring to Figures 1 and 2, A is the movable jaw of the stone breaker
arranged opposite to the stationary jaw B, and operated through the intervention
of toggles a, u, the rocking lever C, and connecting rods D, D, by means of slides
E, E, working along guides F, F, and which receive their motion through the
intermedium of side rods b, b, a cross head c, and a central rod d from the piston of
the steam cylinder G. The slides E, E, also transmit notion through the interven-
tion of a bifurcated connecting rod H, and a crank I to the main shaft K, on which
fly wheels L, L, are mounted.
t
The connection of the rods D, D, with the slides E, E, is effected in the following
manner, reference being had more particularly to the details, Figures 3 and 4 :-The
slides E, E, are cach bifurcated, the boss e of one extremity of each rod D passing
between the two branches f, f1, of the fork of the slide, and a pin M is inserted
through the whole its extremity, which is of reduced diameter at g, being screwed
into the branch f¹ of the fork, whilst the pin M is prevented from loosening by
means of a transverse pin & inserted in a hole, formed half in the head i of the pin
M, and balf in an annular projection on the branch f of the fork, so that by
withdrawing the transverse pins h, and loosening the screw pins M, the rods D may
be disengaged from the slides E, E, and turned up into the position indicated by
dotted lines in Figure 1. It will thus be seen that so long as the rods D remain

page_text: connected with the slides E, E, the motion which the slides receive from the piston
is transmitted to the rocking lever C for working the stone breaker, and also to the
shaft K, but that by detaching the extremity of the rods D, D, from the slides E, E,
in the manner herein-before explained, the stone breaker will be thrown out of
action and the motion of the slides be communicated to the shaft K alone. This shaft
is provided with a pulley N for transmitting motion to other machinery, and is also
caused to impart motion through the intervention of gearing O to a winding drum P
(the axis of which is carried in bearings in standards Q), for drawing stone wagons
or for any other required purpose. The power of the engine may also be otherwise
utilized, as for example, it may be made available for propelling the combined
machine and engine with its boiler, the whole being made portable on wheels for
that purpose. When, however, it is required to utilize the power of the engine in
this manner it will be found most convenient to employ the arrangement of com-
bined stone breaker and engine illustrated by Figure 5 on Sheet 2 of my Drawings,
and next herein-after described.
In this machine the motion of the movable jaw A of the stone breaker is obtained
through the intervention of toggles a, a, and a connecting rod c from eccentrics on
the main shaft K, as is well understood, the said shaft being actuated by the piston of a
steam engine cylinder G through the intervention of a connecting rod and cranks I,
in any usual manner. The machine is carried on wheels R, S, and at its rear end it is
connected by a central pin joint k¹ to an attachment at one side of the boiler T,
the opposite side of which is supported upon wheels U. On the axle m of the wheels
R is secured a chain wheel V, over which and over a chain pinion V₁ fast on the
shaft K passes the endless chain W, by which means the machine-may be caused to
propel itself with its boiler; the shaft K being fitted with a suitable arrangement of
clutches, so as to enable the chain pinion V₁ or the eccentrics to be thrown out of
gear, according as it is required to work the stone breaker or to move the machine
from one place to another.
If desired, spur or other gearing may be substituted for the endless chain W and
chain gearing V, V¹. Pulleys for transmitting motion to other machinery and
winding gear, as described with reference to Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 1, may also be
employed in combination with this machine; or a boiler may be combined with the
machine, illustrated by Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 1, and the whole be mounted upon
wheels and rendered self-propelling.
As the power required of the engine is variable,. I fit the cylinder with any
usual arrangement of expansion gear n (see Figure 1, Sheet 1) in addition to the
ordinary regulating valve gear o, so as to admit of the engine being worked
expansively or not, according as less or more duty is required.
I also may combine with the machine as an integral part thereof or crane for lifting
the component parts of the machine, as for example the jaws or their moveable faces
for the facility of renewing the same. An example of this arrangement is shewn at
✗ in Figure 5 (Sheet 2), the post p of the crane being fitted in a recess formed in
the framing of the machine. The gear for actuating the crane may be of ordinary
construction, but I prefer to use a worm and worm wheel for the purpose, as shewn
at p¹, as it can be worked by one man. In the Drawing, the hook q of the hoisting
chain is represented as attached to the top of the movable jaw A in readiness
for lifting the same, for which purpose the crane is particularly advantageous.
It is obvious that I have shewn the crane as applied to the machine, represented
in Figure 5 (Sheet 2), simply by way of example, as it is equally applicable to either
type of machine.
Another part of my said Invention relates to a mode of constructing pin joints
(which is also applicable to machinery generally), the same having for its object
compensating for the wear of the parts by rendering them capable of being set up
with facility as required.
This part of my said Invention is illustrated by Figure 6 (Sheet 2) of my
Drawings. C, D, are the two rods to be connected, which may be (for example) the
rocking lever and connecting rod of a stone breaker, or two connecting rods or bars,

page_text: or two portions of a rod or bar for a stone breaker, or; any other required purpose.
The rod C is bifurcated so as to embrace the rod D at its boss or extremity 8, which
is enclosed between the two branches t, t, of the fork, and the whole is connected
together by a pin Y having feathers u, u, the parts 1 of which engage in grooves
in the enclosed boss s of the rod D, whilst other portions 2, 2, of the feather engage
in grooves in conical brasses v, v, which are fitted in corresponding holes one in each
of the two branches t, t, of the surrounding bifurcated rod C. On one extremity of the
pin Y there is formed a head w, and on the opposite extremity, which is threaded, there
is fitted a nut or nuts x, by tightening which when required the conical brasses
v, v, are set up equally on opposite sides so as to compensate for the wear which has
taken place in the surfaces of the joint.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said Invention
and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into effect, I would
observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original, and therefore
claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent is,
First. In a machine comprising apparatus of the description herein set forth for
breaking or reducing stones or other hard and brittle substances, and an engine for
actuating the same, the peculiar mode of combining the engine with the said
apparatus, so as to admit of the latter being readily thrown out of action, leaving
the power of the engine available for other purposes, substantially as herein-before
described, and illustrated by Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, of my Drawings.
Second. The combined breaking or reducing apparatus and engine, with its
boiler mounted on wheels, and rendered self-propelling, substantially as herein-before
described.
Third. The combination with a combined breaking or reducing apparatus and
engine, constructed substantially as herein set forth, of pulleys or other gear for
transmitting motion to other machinery or moving bodies, substantially as herein-
before described.
Fourth. The employment in combination as an integral part thereof with a
machine or apparatus for breaking or reducing stones or other hard and brittle sub-
stances, of a crane for facilitating the raising and lowering of the component parts
of the said machine, substantially as herein-before described.
Fifth. The peculiar mode of constructing pin joints, substantially as and
for the purposes herein-before described, and as illustrated by Figure 6 of my
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Dalton, have to this my Specification
set my hand and seal, the Twenty-eighth day of December, One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-seven.
GEORGE DALTON. (L.S.)