matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FRINGING FABRICS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Davies at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
September 1873.
I, GEORGE DAVIES, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR FRINGING FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improved apparatus for working a twisted
fringe on to the edge or border of a fabric by means of the sewing
machine.
The sewing machine is provided with two or more needles (by pre-
ference attached to one needle bar and working simultaneously) carrying
the sewing threads, and in connection with any ordinary looping appa-
ratus beneath the fabric, or with any known shuttle, or other similar
contrivance working two or more parallel seams of chain stitch or lock
or other stitch near the edge of the fabric, which latter is fed or moved
forward intermittently by any ordinary suitable feeding motion.
The cord or thread of which the fringe is to be made passes through a
guide to which such a motion is given as will lay this thread alternately

page_text: behind the needles (which will then make the stitch and bind the fringe
thread to the edge of the fabric), and then carry the said thread over the
edge and round a looping pin placed at such a distance from the edge of
the fabric as will form the length of loop required for the breadth of the
fringe, then back again behind the needles, which then make another
stitch, and so on alternately.
The bobbin which contains the fringing thread is mounted upon a
spindle provided with a flyer, and caused to revolve rapidly in the
direction of the twist of the thread, so as to impart to the latter a con-
siderable amount of additional twist as it is being worked, and in order
to prevent it from "snarling "such a curvilinear motion must be given to
the fringing thread guide as will keep the said thread at full stretch
whilst the loop is being formed.
The looping pin is not a fixture but is acted upon by a cam or other
equivalent contrivance in such a way that as soon as the loop has been
formed and stitched firmly to the edge of the fabric the pin is withdrawn
from the loop, and immediately the loop is thus released the reaction of
the extra twist will cause the loop to twist round itself in the opposite
direction, and thus a twisted fringe will be formed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Rewse at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th June
1873.
I, ROBERT REWSE, of Great Cornard, in the County of Suffolk,
Carpenter and Wheelwright, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE
POWER," to be as follows:-
:-
In carrying out my Invention I employ the power exerted by a
column or pressure of liquid to act on the pistons of cylinders. The
piston rods of the pistons act by racks thereon on pinions or other
connecting means to cause the rotation of an axis, to which are applied
elastic arms. The outer end of each of these arms is by chain, band, or
other suitable connecting means connected to a driving wheel capable
of travelling freely on the axis of the clastic arms. By these means the
liquid power exerted acts to cause the rotation of the axis of the elastic
arms, and these elastic arms then begin to cause rotary motion to the
driving wheel, and progressively to obtain speed to it. The liquid is

page_text: directed into and from the cylinders to act on the pistons by valve ways,
regulated by self-acting motions, somewhat as steam is directed in steam
and other fluid engines.
The driving wheel by tooth or other gear gives motion to a chain of
wheelwork or other means of conveying motion as desired.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR INDICATING " THE DEPTH OF WATER UNDER VESSELS AFLOAT, PARTLY BY MECHANICAL MEANS AND PARTLY BY ELECTRICITY
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Alfred Poole at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd November 1873.
I, GEORGE ALFRED POOLE, of No. 7, Belle Vue, Bradford, in the
County of York, Schoolmaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR INDICATING
"
THE DEPTH OF WATER UNDER VESSELS AFLOAT, PARTLY BY MECHANICAL MEANS
AND PARTLY BY ELECTRICITY," to be as follows: -
:
-
This Invention has for its object the application of electricity and use
of apparatus for the purpose of indicating the depth of water, and 'the
presence of obstructions under vessels, and by such indications, to give
warning of the approach to land or the presence of banks or submerged
ground.
The apparatus for these purposes comprises a pendulum suspended
from a convenient position towards the fore part of the, vessel. The
length of the pendulum will determine at what depth the presence of
submerged rocks, ground, or other obstacles are to be indicated on deck.

page_text: In Fig. 1 is seen the position of apparatus on the ship A in deep
water B, in which it indicates about 4 fathoms, and C, about 2 fathoms.
Fig. 2 shews a transverse section of the apparatus; A, A, the
pendulum, the lower part a, a, moving freely up or down in the higher
part; B, a hinge or joint, the upper part of which is a pulley; C, the
chain; D, the upper pulley; E, a pin; F, a crank fast to spindle 'G,
on which is fixed section of toothed wheel H; J, smaller toothed wheel;
K, K, steel or iron arms, seen better in Fig. 3; L, spindle; M, the hand
on extremity of spindle; N, N, pieces of wood, to which the springs O, O,
terminating the wires from battery and bell are attached, as seen in
Fig. 5; P, a spring, bringing the clockwork back to original position,
and band to position seen in Fig. 4 when the pressure from pin E.is
removed, that is, when the pendulum returns to its vertical position.
The extremity of each arm K, K, in turn enters between the
springs O, O, Fig. 5, and completes the electric circuit, causing the bell
to ring.

page_text: Fig. 7 and 8 shew the arrangement of wheels or clockwork with the
dial uppermost; the references correspond to those in Fig. 2.
Fig. 9 is a transverse section of ship, shewing position of apparatus S,
the bell T in the engine-room, and V, V, the wires from bell and battery
to apparatus.
Fig. 10 is a view of annaratus outside the shin
AN IMPROVED STOVE FOR HEATING CONSERVATORIES, BATHS, AND SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Garon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
January 1873.
I, FREDERICK GARON, of Southend, in the County of Essex, Builder,
do hereby declare the naturo of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
STOVE FOR HEATING CONSERVATORIES, BATHS, AND SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in the construction of a stove for heating
conservatories, baths, and such like purposes in a convenient and most
expeditious manner, occupying but little space, and being extremely
simple in its constructive arrangements, and is described as follows:—
I have a boiler made, by preference of sheet copper, about six inches
square inside, and about eight inches square outside dimensions on plan,
leaving the intermediate space between the plates for the water to be
heated, the fire occupying the interior portion of the boiler; the height
of the boiler being about sixteen inches, having union preparations on
the side and top for flow and return pipes, by which the heat is trans-
mitted to the place where it is used, also a door for feeding the fire.

page_text: This boiler I place on a cast-iron stand having a slide grating to move in
and out for cleaning out the fire-place, and also an ash pan with a
perforated ventilator for regulating the fire so as to be kept burning
many hours. These stoves can be made of any size, and of ornamental
appearance, and placed in any corner or spot where most convenient and 5
requiring no setting, and may be instantly removed by unscrewing the
union joints mentioned.
IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPLIANCES FOR THE APPLICATION OF MAGNETISM IN CONNECTION WITH ELECTRICITY FOR CURATIVE PURPOSES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isac Louis Pulvermacher at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 21st March 1873.
I, ISAC LOUIS PULVERMACHER, of 168 and 194, Regent Street, in the
County of Middlesex, Electrical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPLIANCES FOR THE
APPLICATION OF MAGNETISM IN CONNECTION WITH ELECTRICITY FOR CURATIVE
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
'-
This Invention relates to certain means of and appliances for the
application of magnetism in connection with electricity for curative
purposes.
The Invention mainly consists in the manufacture and employment
of spring steel in a magnetized state for all purposes where the latter
can be used in consequence of its flexibility and elasticity in order to
obtain a mechanical fastening for such articles as body belts, head
bands, trusses (abdominal and others), wrist bands or cuffs, armlets,
anklets, and others.
Among the enveloped or covered articles I may mention garters,
trowser bands, gloves, neckties, boots, corsets, chin straps, head straps,

page_text: bristles, and others whereby the magnetism fixed on the spring steel
is to have the additional advantage of curing certain ailments. My
spring steel is cut or shaped to suit the particular part of the person to
which it has to be applied, or fitted directly upon the body, or enclosed
in a suitable envelope or covering on one or both sides. If the spring
steel in a magnetized state is to be applied direct for conducting electric
currents to the body it is coated with nickel or other incorrodible metal
to prevent it becoming oxidized, the magnetized steel being in connection
by wires with the poles of a battery. The magnetized steel may be
coated partially or wholly with a metal of opposite electro generating
nature so as to produce local currents when in contact with the skin.
The magnetized spring steel may be perforated or slotted and portions
of the surface may be coated with nickel or its equivalent metal
deposited or otherwise applied, the other portions being enveloped or
coated with a fabric or other protective medium. The ends of the
spring steel article may be caused to overlap and attached, but in that
case the ends would have other metal pieces thereon so as not to
neutralize the magnetic fluid; they may however be loose without the
ends meeting. In all cases the magnetized spring steel articles are
tempered and shaped to fit the portion of the body to which they have
to be applied, so that they hold themselves in position without fastenings
or tapes of any kind.
IMPROVED SELF-ACTING COUPLINGS FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND ENGINES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Dwyer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
July 1873.
I, EDMUND DWYER, of No. 3, Brougham Road, Upper Holloway,
Accountant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED SELF-ACTING COUPLINGS FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND ENGINES," to be
as follows:-
-
This Invention consists in attaching to the framework or otherwise
conveniently fixing at the end of each carriage between the buffers an
iron forked arm turning on a pin, and is kept in position by two springs
if required.
Hanging between the forks of the arm is a heavy ball lever also
turning on a pin, and on the opposite carriage directly facing the forked
arm two short iron rods are placed forming the letter V turning on
centres, and are kept in position by aid of stops or detents at one end,
and springs at the other to admit of their opening downwards only.
Projecting from the sides of these rods are arms working in slots or
grooves for preventing the V shaped rods being forced inwards or

page_text: and is connected to the lever by means of a loose rod. This rod is
actuated from either side of the carriage by pushing from or pulling
towards the operator. The length of the horizontal rod is about the
width of the carriage.
A powerful spring is placed against the longest arm of the lever,
forcing the latter back after it has been worked into its original position,
and thus closes up the V clip.
Each carriage has a ball lever, a compound lever, and complete
apparatus at each end to form a double connection. Both ball levers
are actuated simultaneously, for the projecting rods from the carriages
are exactly opposite the levers, and the apparatus is identical at the end
of each carriage, so that a double connection is instantaneously effected
by a single operation.
The uncoupling is effected by forcing the long arm of the lever
forward or drawing it towards the operator.
The apparatus is constructed of iron, steel, or other suitable sub-
stance.
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS POR SHAPING THE SOLES OF BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Horatio Hodges at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th November 1873.-A communication from abroad by Joseph
B. Johnson, of Lynn, Massachusetts, in the United States of
America.
I, SAMUEL HORATIO HODGES, of No. 7, Saint James's Square, in the
City and County of Bristol, Shoe Machinery Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS
POR SHAPING THE SOLES OF BOOTS AND SHOES" (a communication to me from
abroad by Joseph B. Johnson, of Lynn, Massachusetts, in the United
States of America), to be as follows :—
This Invention relates to a new and useful improvement in shaping
the soles of boots and shoes after the soles have been fixed to their
uppers."
The common mode heretofore practised for shaping the sole of a shoe,
after such sole may have been sewed to the upper, has been to last the
shoe and hammer the sole into conformity with the bottom of the last;
this is a process requiring care and skill on the part of the workman.
-

page_text: The Invention consists in accomplishing the desired result by different
means and to much better advantage.
In carrying out the Invention a mould is employed the upper surface
of which is the reverse of the form to be imparted to the sole; with this
mould is used a screw press and a last, the latter being provided with an
elastic bottoming composed of a sheet or strip of vulcanizeḍ india-rubber
fastened to the sole of the last which has a groove formed in its.instep,
such groove being for the reception of a presser or standard extending
from the last to the platen or slider of the screw press. On inserting
the last into the shoe and placing the sole of the latter upon the mould
and the presser into the groove of the last and screwing down the screw
of the press, the last will be forced down upon the sole of the shoe and
will crowd it into the mould, the elastic bottoming of the last serving to
fit the last to the irregularities of the upper face of the sole, so as to
cause the whole bottom of the sole to be pressed into firm contact with
the mould. By this process the flap of the groove of the sole will be
firmly and evenly pressed down upon its seat, which cannot well be
effected by the hammering process, and the sole and the sewing thereof
will be consolidated to much better advantage than they can by the
hammering process.
IMPROVEMENTS IN KITCHEN COOKING GRATES OR RANGES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jonathan Lightowler and James
Robert Best at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 19th February 1873.
We, JONATHAN LIGHTOWLER, Draper, and JAMES ROBERT BEST, Con-
tractor, both of Bradford, in the County of York, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN KITCHEN COOKING GRATES
OR RANGES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to apparatus designed to effect economy in fuel
applied to kitchen cooking ranges by the greater absorption of the heated
gases arising from combustion.. We construct the fire-place or grate open
at the front as usual and provide three passages or ways for the heated
gases, these are each connected with the chimney. Over the fire we
place a hot plate through which are three dampers in a vertical position,
one being over the passage or way leading to the oven, another such
damper being over the passage or way leading to the boiler, and a third
such damper being over the passage or way leading to the chimney.
When it is required to direct the whole of the heated gases to the oven
the other two dampers will be depressed so that the heated gases can

page_text: only pass by the passage or way under the oven and not to the chimney.
In like manner the damper near the oven will be depressed and the
boiler damper raised when the heated gases are to be directed to the
boiler, the damper near the back of the hot plate alone being open when
the heat is required for the hot plate only; and this damper is hung by
chain and weight passed over a pulley so that it may when cooking
operations are suspended be lowered to such position as to admit only
the necessary amount of air to maintain combustion. It will be seen that
the dampers in connection with the oven and the boiler answer the pur-
pose of ordinary side irons, and that it is only necessary to raise one or
both these in order to heat the oven or boiler without disturbing the fire
as heretofore. The hot plate is provided with apertures as usual over
which pans and cooking utensils may rest.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING MACHINES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lewis at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th May
1873.
I, JOHN LEWIS, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer
and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of certain improvements in domestic washing
machines of the tub or bat kind.
I provide a tub or bat of the ordinary description used for such
purposes, but by preference I make it larger at bottom than top, and
make three or more staves sufficiently long to answer for the legs, so as
to raise the bottom a distance from the floor. On the inside of such
staves in a vertical or other line from the floor I fix a number of ribs, any
required distance apart, forming a corrugated surface on the inside a
few inches from the top to the bottom, or cut such corrugations out of
the solid wood; in the centre of the bottom I fix a vertical spindle of a
conical shape as high as the corrugations on the side extend, and leave

page_text: there a shoulder, and from thence to any required height carry such
spindle parralel; the conical part of such spindle I likewise corrugate
same as the side; I now provide a disc plate similar to the ordinary one
in use, and provide similar dolly legs, and place them in a similar position
all round the disc; in the centre of such plate is a hole made to work
freely on the before mentioned parralel part of the vertical spindle;
into this disc plate I fix two vertical uprights on the top of which is a
horizontal bar at each end of which is a handle. The two uprights may
if desired be made to pass through this horizontal bar and form two more
handles. In the centre of this bar is a hole made to work freely on to
vertical spindle. By this arrangement a steady circular motion is
maintained by the disc plate and dolly legs, or a "too and fro " motion.
"
The articles to be operated upon are placed in the vessel with any
desired liquid, a circular or "too and fro motion is given by the
horizontal bar to the dolly legs, thus loosely rubbing the articles between
the corrugated sides are cleansed.
I am aware that a Patent was granted to Messers. Lumley and Parnell,
of Bolton-le-Moors, in 1871, for improvements in washing machines, in
which they claim for corrugated ribs on the bottom of the tub or vat,
and a corrugated or rib-faced disc being two flat surfaces so ribbed acting
on the articles face to face with each other, they are thus forced into a
solid mass instead of being loosely rubbed as by my arrangement.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING FLAX OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCEs
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Harling, William
Marsden, John Chesterman, William Chesterman, and Charlos
Guy, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 6th March 1878.
We, JAMES HARLING, and WILLIAM MARSDEN, both of Halifax,
JOHN CHESTERMAN, and WILLIAM CHESTERMAN, both of Bradford,
and CHARLES GUY, of Bingley, all in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING FLAX OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCEs," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to prevent the waste of fibre when the
ends or threads break in passing from the front or drawing rollers to the
spindales, and is more especially applicable to the spinning of flax, but
also applicable to the spinning of fibres on frames, and this we effect by
means of apparatus which when any one or more of the ends or threads
break causes them to diverge or move laterally or sideways out from and
off the ends oft ho back, and also the front or drawing rollers, so that the
said rollors coase to act upon them, and consequently discontinue to

page_text: draw them forward off the bobbins until the said threads are again
pierced or joined to the thread on the bobbins. For this purpose wo
have a lever hinged to the frame having a tweezle or guide eye at one
end for the thread or yarn to pass through to the bobbin and a weight at
the other. The tension of the yarn maintains the said lever in a certain 5
position during its continuity, but on its breakage the weight causes the
lever to act upon two other levers hinged one behind the back rollers and
the other behind the front rollers, each of which levers being provided
with tweezles or guide eyes for the rovings to pass through. The action
of these levers are to diverge or traverse the said roving so that it will 1
pass off the ends of the rollers which will thereby cease to draw it
forward. On the broken yarn being pierced the levers will be placed
in the normal position and the roving' guided thereby in proper
course.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ECONOMISING FUEL IN FIRE-GRATES OR STOVES FOR DOMESTIC AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Kenyon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
December 1873.
I, JAMES KENYON, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton
Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ECONOMISING FUEL IN FIRE-GRATES OR STOVES FOR
DOMESTIC AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in making the back of iron or other metal, and
with a cavity which may be open at the bottom to allow the heat, which
would otherwise go up the chimney, to pass to the under side of the fire
or into the room.
In combination with this metal back I prefer to use projecting fire-
clay cheeks, or the cheeks may be fair with the sides of the stove.
The draught door, instead of being hinged above or below as now
customary, I now support on horizontal bars or studs, and the draught
is regulated by sliding the door backward or forward on the said bars or
studs.

page_text: The whole or a portion of the arch round the fire is also made with a
cavity to act as a nonconductor, or to heat the air in the cavity; the air
so heated may be conducted into the foom through openings in the face
of the stove.
The bottom of the stove consists of a plate with diagonal perforations
in opposite directions, or other suitable perforations, and the back portion
of the bottom is made in a slanting position to cause the fire to fall
forward and to turn towards the front, thereby mainly radiating the heat
into the room.
I prefer to partially perforate the slanting portion at the back, and to
countersink the perforations; or the bottom may be altogether slanting;
or it may be flat; but in all cases the back portion is left without
perforations.
By means of these improvements thorough combustion is obtained,
and the heat is mainly thrown forward into the room, and the improve-
ments may be used in combination or separately.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM WINCHES FOR LOADING AND DISCHARGING SHIPS' CARGOS, AND FOR OTHER HOISTING PURPOSES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hays Wilson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 16th June 1873.
I, JOHN HAYS WILSON, of the Firm of John Hays Wilson and
Company, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM WINCHES
FOR LOADING AND DISCHARGING SHIPS' CARGOS, AND FOR OTHER HOISTING PURPOSES,"
to be as follows:
A steam winch constructed according to this Invention consists of
two cylinders which are placed side by side in a horizontal position, and
are bolted down to a bed plate within and between two vertical side
frames. The cylinders are fitted with improved metallic pistons, and
the steam chests or valve casings are so formed as to allow free access to
the valves without disturbing the steam pipe joints. The valves are
worked with solid link motion reversing gear. The connecting rods
from the piston rods of the cylinders work a double throw crank shaft
cut out of the solid, which shaft lays and is supported in a strong centre
bearing which is cast with the bed plate. The shaft is also carried by
the before mentioned vertical side frames.
The whole of the gearing

page_text: connected with the steam winch is of the usual kind for this class of
machinery, but it is all fixed within the before mentioned vertical side
frames, and is therefore less liable to breakage or fouling with the
warping ropes or falls or hoisting gear wound round the warping ends
or drums which are placed outside the vertical side frames. The vertical
side frames are designed to combine strength with neatness and light
weight. The bearings for the shafts are all capped and so arranged that
any one of the shafts can be easily removed either for repairs or stowage
if necessary. It will thus be seen that the whole of the working parts
are kept within the vertical side frames, and are thus protected by them
in a lateral direction, whereas they are further protected from injury by
any rope or chain wound round the main barrel of the winch by a
diaphragm plate which passes between the cylinders and working parts
and the main barrel.
A steam winch constructed according to this Invention combines com-
.
....
AN IMPROVED CINDER SIFTER
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Slcap at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
August 1873.
I, BENJAMIN SLEAP, of Roman Road, Victoria Park, Old Ford, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED CINDER SIFTER," to be as follows :—
This Invention consists in constructing cinder sifters in the following
manner:-I form a box or case of any suitable material with a cover and
loose front hinged or otherwise connected to the bottom or sides of the
said box or case. Within this box or case I arrange three trays with
upright sides. These trays are made with upright sides, and are placed
one above the other at. suitable distances asunder, according to the size of
the box or case. The two uppermost trays are made to slide upon
runners or fillets fixed to the sides of the box or case, and are enclosed
by the front of the said box or case which should be fitted with suitable
catches for keeping it closed when the sifter is in use. The bottom tray
simply rests on the bottom of the box or case.

page_text: 1
i
The aforesaid sliding trays are made with perforated bottoms; in the
uppermost tray the bottom is made with holes about half an inch in
diameter, and the bottom of the tray beneath it is made of coarse wire
gauze or perforated metal, whilst the lowermost tray is made with a solid
bottom. The outside of the bottom of the box or case is fitted with
rockers and with handles at the ends of the box or case.
The manner of operating with this improved cinder sifter is as
follows:-First raise the lid, then place the cinders to be sifted on the
uppermost tray, close the lid and rock or agitate the box or case
violently, the effect of which will be to separate the dust from the
cinders. The larger cinders will remain in the uppermost tray, the
smaller cinders in the tray beneath, and the fine dust will pass into and
be deposited in the lowermost tray.
When the dust has settled the front of the box or case may be opened
and the trays removed and emptied, and so on in succession, thus
forming a compact portable cinder sifter..
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDS FOR CASTING STEEL INGOTS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Alfred Cowper at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th April 1873.
I, EDWARD ALFRED COWPER, of No. 6, Great George Street, West-
minster, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDS FOR CASTING STEEL INGOTS,"
to be as follows:-
In the construction of cast-iron -moulds for casting steel ingots it is
desirable that the internal surface should be very true and smooth,
whether for parallel or taper ingots.
In some cases such cast-iron ingot moulds have been planed inside,
but this mode of preparing them is objectionable on account of its
expense, and because the surface skin of the casting being removed by
the planing the ingot is more liable to adhere to the mould and injure
its surface.
Now my Invention relates to the preparing in an economical manner

page_text: true, smooth, and strong face presented to the melted metal. For this
purpose I cast the ingot moulds on chills, in which case I prefer to make
them in halves or in segments fitted together, as such parts can be more
readily cast on and removed from the chill moulds; or I cast the ingot
moulds, either whole or in parts, on carefully prepared smooth and dry
sand or loam moulds.
.
In order to render the surfaces of the moulds smooth and true, I grind
them, when necessary, either by revolving grindstones or emery, or other
known scouring or grinding wheels mounted on a bar, which is caused to
reciprocate rectilineally through or along the moulds; or instead of
employing revolving grindstones or wheels, I fix on the bar pieces of
grindstone or other suitable grinding material, and cause them to
reciprocate rectilineally through or along the moulds. In this manner
a number of moulds or parts of moulds being placed in a line can be
ground at the same time at moderate cost.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERING BOTTLES FOR AERATED OR GASEOUS LIQUIDS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Farrow at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
January 1873.
I, CHARLES FARROW, of Great Tower Street, in the City of London,
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERING BOTTLES FOR AERATED OR GASEOUS
LIQUIDS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
The object of this Invention is to obtain a means of stoppering bottles
for aërated or gaseous liquids at a small cost and easy of manipulation,
that shall permit of the contents being wholly or partially poured out
without the spluttering which occurs when corks are used.
I am aware that metal valves and other contrivances are employed by
which the spluttering is avoided, but this result has been attended with
such an increase in the cost of the bottles which morcover it has been
necessary to make of a peculiar form, that the cost of such stoppers have
been a great obstacle to the sale of the waters they serve to enclose.
My improved stopper is formed by attaching to the ordinary bottle a
tube of flexible or clastic material such as india-rubber, or india-rubber

page_text: lined with linen, one end of this tube being passed over and attached to
the neck of the bottle by string or wire. To close the bottle the upper
part of the tube may then be doubled down across the neck of the bottle
and tied, and thus form an air-tight closing for the same.
For refreshment bars and like places where the consumption is rapid,
string would be sufficiently strong and would afford great facility for
opening rapidly. For shipment or where required to be stored the part
of the tube lapped over may be covered by metal stamped caps or discs
of wood such as are usually employed.
In some cases a ring of cork or other suitable material of nearly the
same diameter as the top opening of the bottle may be passed through
the top of the tube and applied on the opening so as to prevent the
liquid from coming in contact with the tube.
In lieu of bending down the tube and then fastening it I can strangle
the neck by means of a string passed round it.
INFROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING THE DOWN DRAFT AND ÅRRESTING THE FALL OP SOOT IN DOMESTIC AND OTHER CHIMNEYS; WHICH INVENTION IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR OBVIATING THE BACK DRAFT IN VENTILATORS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Hodgson Watts at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21th February 1878.
I, Thomas Hodgson Watts, of Manchester, in the County of Lan-
3 caster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "INFROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING THE DOWN DRAFT AND ÅRRESTING THE FALL
OP SOOT IN DOMESTIC AND OTHER CHIMNEYS; WHICH INVENTION IS ALSO APPLICABLE
FOR OBVIATING THE BACK DRAFT IN VENTILATORS," to be as follows:—
This Invention applies firstly to the construction of chimney tops, the
object of the Invention being to encourage an upward draft, and at the
samo time to prevent a down draft from wind or other external pressure.
I make longitudinal or other suitablo openings through the side of the
chimney top or shaft, and in the interior immediately beneath each of
theso openings I fix a sloping partition or louvro inclining upwards and
3 extending over rather more than half the internal area of the shaft, tho
the openings (and consequently the louvres) being placed alternately
upon opposito sides so that the inner edges of the louvres overlap. Tho
effect of this arrangement is that any side wind ontering at either of the
openings would be directed upwards, and would assist the upward draft

page_text: at the same time that the possibility of a downward current would be
prevented, as any current entering the top of the chimney would bo
caught and diverted by the louvres and directed outwards through the
side openings. A similar arrangement of sloping partitions or louvres
placed near to the lower end of the chimney would also prevent down t
draft into a room where there was no fire, and at the same time arrest
the fall of soot without interfering with the ventilation, and obviate the
necessity for either closing the register or using a fire board as usually
practised, both of which are objectionable from a sanitary point of view
as they impede the proper ventilation of the apartment. These sloping ]
partitions or louvres may be made with a trapdoor or opening for
removing the soot which will accumulate above them, and they (as well
as those at the chimney top) may be fixed on pivots or hinges so that
they may be turned up against the inside of the flue or shaft to give
facility for sweeping or cleansing the same when required.
1
It will be obvious that the application of these overlapping sloping
partitions or louvres, arranged as above described, will be equally
efficacious in preventing the back draught in ventilating shafts such as
are employed for theatres, concert rooms, smoking saloons, and other
buildings where the back draft occasioned by external atmospheric 2
pressure is a frequent cause of great inconvenience, and sometimes
necessitates the entire closing of the ventilating shaft. -
IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE USED IN DISCHARGING CARGO FROM SHIPS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Kent Jones at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
March 1878.
I, ROBERT KENT JONES, of Birkenhead, in the County of Chester,
Watchmaker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE USED IN DISCHARGING CARGO FROM SHIPS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists of apparatus intended mainly for discharging
bulk cargo, such as grain, salt, and seeds from ships and vessels, but
suitable also for use in unloading packages. In its simplest form two or
moro portable connected upright guides, fitted with feet for resting in
tho hold, or with catches for securing it to the hatchway combings or
other parts aro provided, and a traversing detachable bucket or vessel is
adapted to slido up and down thereon. When lowered the cargo is
filled into the said detachable bucket or vessel, and when raised it is
emptied.
To facilitato moving for Alline of the said detachable bucket or vessel

page_text: so that when it has been hoisted it can be tilted over and the contents
discharged into a shool or slide. An adjustable catch piece is affixed on
the uprights, so that when raised to the proper height tilting is effected
automatically.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Pickering at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
December 1873.
'
I, EDWARD PICKERING, of Littlecot, Streatham Common, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to means of obtaining greater security at facing
points. For this purpose I apply guard rails, which are moved at the
same time as the tongue rails, and in such manner that on the side on
which the switch is open, and the tongue rail stands off from the fixed
rail (commonly called the "stock" rail) the movable guard rail is
brought close up, so as to protect the exposed end of the tongue rail, and
leave only sufficient space for the flanges of the wheels between the
guard rail and the stock rail.
At the side on which the switch is closed with the tongue rail resting
against the stock rail, the guard rail stands off at a greater distance
(being then not required to guard the point of its tongue rail), and a

page_text: wedge is inserted between the point of the tongue rail and the guard rail
on this side.
The two movable guard rails are strongly braced together, so that if
the wheels of a passing train press upon the guard rail on the side where
the switch is open the pressure is transmitted to the guard rail on the
other side, and so through the wedge to the tongue rail on the side
where the switch is closed, and this tongue rail is thus pressed firmly
home against its stock rail, with which it is then required to be held
securely in contact.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATING APPARATUS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Kingan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
June. 1873. A communication from abroad by Thomas Davison
Kingan, of Indianapolis, in the United States of America, Provision
Merchant.
I, SAMUEL KINGAN, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, in Ireland,
Provision Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATING APPARATUS," (which has been
communicated to me from abroad by Thomas Davison Kingan, of
Indianapolis, in the United States of America, Provision Merchant, to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to the refrigerating or cooling of rooms,
chambers, or stores, used for preserving, curing, or storing various kinds
of provisions and other commodities, and consists of a box or trough
furnished internally with a spiral or otherwise bent tube fastened or
fixed at each extremity into an opposite side or end of the box or
trough, and so that a current of air may be withdrawn from the external
atmosphere and passed by means of such tube through the inside of the
box or trough, and returned into the external atmosphere. The box or

page_text: trough is also furnished internally with a number of tubes extending
across it and having one extremity fastened or fixed into its other sides
near to the base or bottom thereof, and being so bent that the opposite
extremity will pass through its lid or cover or above the top of its
sides.
The box or trough is suspended or otherwise raised near to the top or
ceiling of the room, chamber, or store intended to be refrigerated or
cooled, and is filled up with ice and salt or other refrigerating mixture
or material. A current of air is made to pass through the spiral or
otherwise bent tube first above mentioned by means of a suitable
blowing apparatus of ordinary construction attached to either extremity
of such tube, and is refrigerated or cooled and condensed in its passage
through the same while the rarefied air which collects at the top or
ceiling of the room, chamber, or store, entering the other tubes becomes
refrigerated or cooled and condensed, and by gravitation passes out at
their inferior extremities. By these means a constant current of air
is maintained, the condensed air falling to the ground or floor, and
the atmosphere being thus reduced to a low temperature.
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR SUPPORTING BOILERS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Cock at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
September 1873.-A communication from abroad by Samuel David
Cock, of Callao, Peru, Engineer.
I, HENRY COCK, of Torpoint, in the County of Cornwall, Draughts-
man, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR SUPPORTING BOILERS," (a communication to me
from abroad by Samuel David Cock, of Callao, Peru, Engineer), to be
as follows:-
It is well known that long cylindrical boilers are a constant source of
trouble and danger on account of fracturing at their seams, or of the
walls on which they are supported giving way.
The improvements constituting the present Invention relate to means
of supporting them so as to obviate these disadvantages, and consists in
seating or supporting them on or by rams or deposits of water or other
suitable liquid contained within suitable casings or enclosures arranged
on either side of the boiler at suitable distances apart, and connected to
each other by pipes and cocks so as to shut off any connexion when

page_text: required, and to give a uniform bearing throughout, the areas of the
rams being made proportional to the superincumbent weight of the
boiler.
The rams are supplied with pressure by a pressure ram, and are
surmounted by rollers, so that the boiler expands or contracts without_
any undue strains on its seams or supports.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING FURNACES EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Danks at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
November 1873.
I, SAMUEL DANKS, of Cincinnatti, Ohio, United States of America,
now of No. 8, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING FURNACES
EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL," to be as follows:-
:-
My said Invention relates to reverberatory furnaces, whether used
with a fan blast or otherwise, and consists chiefly in providing such
furnaces with a bottom or bed formed of the peculiar compound of
lime and oxide, or silicate of iron, or other metallic oxide, with or
without certain other substances, as described in the Specifications of
my former Letters Patent, dated 8th February, A.D. 1869, No. 386,
and 9th April, A.D. 1872, No. 1053.
In practising my present Invention I construct a furnace similar
or nearly similar to an ordinary reverberatory furnace for heating and
melting metals. I form the bottom of my furnace of a flat plate or
plates of iron, surrounded by hollow flanges in the shape of inverted
troughs, which project above the top of the said plate or plates, and
IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFETY LAMPS AND IN APPARATUS FOR IGNITING THE SAME
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Armitage and William
Taylor at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 27th December 1873.
We, SAMUEL ARMITAGE, of Pendleton, in the County of Lancaster,
Manufacturer, and WILLIAM TAYLOR, of Oldham, in the same County,
Cotton Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFETY LAMPS AND IN APPARATUS FOR IGNITING THE SAME,"
to be as follows:-
Our improved safety lamp is particularly beneficial when used for
lighting the gas lights in a cotton mill, but it may be used for other
purposes; this lamp consists of a cover made of perforated sheet metal
which cover is soldered or otherwise secured to the lower part containing
the supply of oil and the wick, the oil and wick being supplied through
a side orifice closed by a screwed plug or otherwise, the lamp is provided
with an extinguisher which is held up by a spring lever.
The apparatus for igniting lamps consists of a taper tube which is
connected to a gas pipe or burner; the end of the tube is small to convey
the flamo of gas through the perforations in the cover of the lamp. By
this apparatus the wick of the safety lamp can be ignited whilst the

page_text: attendant holds up the extinguisher by the spring lever above referred
to, but as soon as he lets go the spring lever the extinguisher closes on
the wick and puts out the lamp, by this means if by accident the lamp
fell into a heap of looso cotton the cotton would not be ignited as the
extinguisher puts out the light the moment the lamp falls from the 5
hand of the attendant.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PADDING OR STUFFING OF UPHOLSTERY CUSHIONS AND VARIOUS ARTICLES OF DRESS, AND IN THE METHOD OF PREPARING THE SAME.
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Alfred William Clarke, Machine Maker,
and Roderick Flower Donisthorpe, Woolstapler, both of Leicester,
in the County of Leicester, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE PADDING OR STUFFING OF UPHOLSTERY CUSHIONS AND VARIOUS ARTICLES
OF DRESS, AND IN THE METHOD OF PREPARING THE SAME.'
"
Sealed the 10th February 1874, and dated the 26th November 1873.
E
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Alfred William
Clarke and Roderick Flower Donisthorpe at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 26th Novem-
ber 1873.
We, THOMAS ALFRED WILLIAM CLARKE, Machine Maker, and
RODERICK FLOWER DONISTHORPE, Woolstapler, both of Leicester, in
the County of Leicester, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PADDING OR STUFFING OF UPHOLSTERY

page_text: CUSHIONS AND VARIOUS ARTICLES OF DRESS, AND IN THE METHOD OF PREPARING
THE SAME," to be as follows:-
Heretofore in some cases horsehair has been employed for stuffing
upholstery cushions and padding coats, and such like articles of dress,
the horsehair being for this purpose prepared by plaiting or twisting
it by hand, and whilst in its plaited or twisted state boiling it in water
and afterwards drying it so as to bring it into a crimped state; but this
material is expensive, and short hair or wool could not be employed in
consequence of the difficulty of crimping it sufficiently for the purpose
at a reasonable price.
According to our Invention we employ for the padding or stuffing
of cushions and various articles of dress, such as coats, petticoats, and
the like, wool or hair of a comparatively short staple as compared with
horsehair, and which has been crimped by machinery in the manner
described in the Specification of a Patent granted to us on the 10th
day of January 1873 (No. 108). This material up to the present time
has mainly been used in the manufacture of ladies' chignons, but we
have found it admirably adapted to form a stuffing or padding to ladies'
petticoats in place of eider down, which is the material now commonly
used for the purpose; it may also be used generally for stuffing cushions
of all kinds and for padding coats. Other known methods may also
be used for crimping the wool or hair so long as it is caused to retain
a soft and springy feel, as the appearance of the crimping is of no
importance.