Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Aug., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 27th Oct., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 30th Nov., 1888
We, ALEXANDER BUCHANAN Managing Director Messrs. Andrew Handyside and Co.,
Limited, Britannia Iron Works, Derby, and FRANCIS THOMAS STATHAM of No. 68
Monk Street, Derby, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:
Our invention relates to the construction of the class of agricultural implements
known as Harrows, and has for its object to produce such implements of greater
reliability and strength than has hitherto been attained, and, at the same time to
ensure greater facilities in the effecting of repairs without the necessity of employing
skilled labor.
The improvements in accordance with our invention which are illustrated in the
accompanying two sheets of drawings comprise, in their relation to chain harrows,
the combination of an improved solid link with a divided link, whereby a chain harrow
may be constructed and repaired when necessary with ease by any ordinary unskilled
labourer. Our improvements also have reference to the substitution of hard or
tempered steel teeth or tines in the triangular frames, for the soft teeth usually cast
with such frames, by which substitution toothed harrows are rendered much more
durable.
Referring to the drawings Figure 1 is a plan of a divided link constructed according
to our invention; Figure 2 a plan of a solid link. Figure 5 is a view of a harrow
made up of a combination of a chain and toothed harrow. Figure 6 is a plan of a
frame in which the teeth or tines are secured therein during the process of casting,
and Figure 7 is a similar view showing the teeth secured by wedges.
In the application of our invention to chain harrows, instead of forming the links
of wrought metal, in which the corners are the slenderest and weakest parts, we cast,
stamp or otherwise form some of the links A Figure 2, solid or ribbed, of ordinary
or malleable iron or steel or other suitable metal, the outer corners a of which are
sharp and rectangular, and in some instances may be extended to form short tines, as
shown by the dotted lines at a', of round, square, hexagonal or other section, the

page_text: inner portion 61 of said tines being round, thus ensuring greater strength thereto
We also provide divided links B Figure 1 cast in two parts bb, the ends of one
part b being so formed as to fit into recesses in the ends of the second part . The
two parts are secured together by means of rivets, screws or the like; but, inasmuch
as the two ends fit one into the other, as above described, there is no strain upon said
rivets, screws or equivalents. Thus, by employing the divided links B in combination
with the solid links A aforesaid, a chain harrow may be made up very rapidly, and in
the event of the accidental breakage of any of the links, repairs can be effected without
the aid of skilled labor.
In the application of our invention to toothed harrows, instead of forming the
teeth upon the frames, as is the usual method in the process of casting, which process
is objectionable on account of the frangibility of the teeth or tines, we proceed as
follows: We insert the teeth or tines (Figure 6 in holes provided for the purpose
in the moulds of the frames D into which moulds the molten metal is poured. When
set and cold, said teeth or tines are held firmly in position. The teeth or tines C,
which are of hard steel, and of any desired length, have a
waist" formed therein.
(Figure 8,) whereby they become firmly imbedded in the frames during the process
of casting. Or, as a modification of the above system of securing the teeth or tines C,
we may form holes in the frames D (Figure 9), and secure the teeth or tines (1
therein by wedges d of metal, hard wood or the like, by which means we are enabled
to employ tempered steel for the teeth or tines C¹ aforesaid, as also to replace, with
great ease, any of such teeth or tines which may have become broken in use. This
is effected in the following manner :- -The hole c c is formed as shown in Figure 9,
one half having semicircular sides to correspond with the formation of the waist e
of the teeth or tines, shown more particularly in Figure 8. On fitting the teeth
therefore to the frames, said teeth would be inserted into the clear part of the
noles, and pressed sideways into the contracted portion c, the wedges are then
driven into the part c¹ aforesaid, thus holding the teeth firinly in their seats. In
order also to prevent the wedges from being shifted or shaken out, a piece of
wire, a nail or equivalent may be driven between the wall of the hole c c¹ and
wedge, thus effectually locking the latter in position.
From the foregoing it will be seen that we are able to use hard metal teeth in
combination with a soft metal frame, thereby very materially increasing the
durability of the different parts of the harrow, which latter would be made up of
a number of frames attached together by ring or S links as may be desired.
The chain and toothed harrows made up as above described in accordance with
our invention may with advantage be used in combination with each other as
shown at Figure 5, and diagram Figure 6, for instance; the front portion of
the harrow may comprise a number of toothed frames D linked together, and the
rear portion may be composed of the square links A B above described.
A compound harrow made up in the manner last above described performs the
two following functions, namely, the front part disturbs the soil, and with it all
sticks, stones and the like, and the rear part levels the land, and at the same time
"rolls the twitch," thus acting as a coarse and fine rake at one operation.
Dated this Eighth day of August 1888.
JAMES STEVENSON,
Gray's Inn Chambers,
2, High Holborn, W.C.,
Agent for Applicants.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Harrows.
We, ALEXANDER BUCHANAN Managing Director Messrs. Andrew Handyside and Co.,
Limited, Britannia Iron Works, Derby, and FRANCIS THOMAS STATHAM of No. 68
Monk Street, Derby, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being also had to the
drawings accompanying our Provisional Specification
Our invention relates to the construction of the class of agricultural implements
known as Harrows, and has for its object to produce such implements of greater
reliability and strength than has hitherto been attained, and, at the same time to
ensure greater facilities in the effecting of repairs without the necessity of employing
skilled labor.
The improvements in accordance with our invention which are illustrated in the
drawings comprise, in their relation to chain harrows, the combination of an improved
solid link with a divided link, whereby a chain harrow may be constructed and
repaired when necessary with ease by any ordinary unskilled labourer. Our improve-
ments also have reference to the substitution of hard or tempered steel teeth or tines
in the triangular frames for the soft teeth usually cast with such frames, by which
substitution toothed harrows are rendered much more durable.
Referring to the drawings filed with our Provisional Specification Figure 1 is a
plan of a divided link constructed according to our invention; Figure 2 a plan of a
solid link. Figures 3 and 4 represent the two parts of the divided link detached from
each other. Figure 5 is a view of a harrow made up of a combination of a chain
and toothed harrow. Figure 6 is a plan of a frame in which the teeth or tines are
secured therein during the process of casting, and Figure 7 is a similar view showing
the teeth secured by wedges.
In the application of our invention to chain harrows, instead of forming the links
of wrought metal, in which the corners are the slenderest and weakest parts, we cast,
stamp or otherwise for some of the links A Figure 2, solid or ribbed, of ordinary
or malleable iron or steel or other suitable metal, the outer corners a of which are
sharp and rectangular, and in some instances may be extended to form short tines,
as shown by the dotted lines at a¹, of round, square, hexagonal or other section, the
inner portion of said tines being round; thus ensuring greater strength thereto.
We also provide divided links B Figures 1, 3 and 4 cast in two parts 661, the ends of
one part b being so formed as to fit into recesses in the ends of the second part b¹.
The two parts are secured together by means of rivets, screws or the like; but,
inasmuch as the two ends fit one into the other, as above described, there is no strain

page_text: upon said rivets, screws or equivalents. Thus, by employing the divided links B in
combination with the solid links A. aforesaid, a chain harrow may be made up very
rapidly, and in the event of the accidental breakage of any of the links, repairs can
be effected without the aid of skilled labor.
In the application of our invention to toothed harrows, instead of forming the
teeth upon the frames, as is the usual method in the process of casting, which process
is objectionable of account of the frangibility of the teeth or tines, we proceed as
follows: We insert the teeth or tines Figure 6 in holes provided for the purpose
in the moulds of the frames D into which moulds the molten metal is poured. When
set and cold, said teeth or tines are held firmly in position. The teeth or tines C,
which are of hard steel, and of any desired length, have a waist formed therein,
Figure 8, whereby they become firmly imbedded in the frames during the process of
casting. Or, as a modification of the above system of securing the teeth or tines C,
we may form holes in the frames D Figure 9, and secure the teeth or tines C¹ therein
by wedges d of metal, hard wood or the like, by which means we are enabled to
employ tempered steel for the teeth or tines C' aforesaid, as also to replace, with great
ease, any of such teeth or tines which may have become broken in use. This is effected
in the following manner :-The hole c c is formed as shown in Figure 9, one half
having semicircular sides to correspond with the formation of the waiste of the teeth
or tines, shown more particularly in Figure 8. On fitting the teeth therefore to the
frames, said teeth would be inserted into the clear part c¹ of the holes, and pressed
sideways into the contracted portion c, the wedges are then driven into the part c¹
aforesaid, thus holding the teeth firmly in their seats. In order also to prevent the
wedges from being shifted or shaken out, a piece of wire, a nail or equivalent may be
driven between the wall of the hole c c', and wedge, thus effectually locking the latter
in position.
From the foregoing it will be seen that we are able to use hard metal teeth in
combination with a soft metal frame, thereby very materially increasing the durability
of the different parts of the harrow, which latter would be made up of a number of
frames attached together by ring or S links as may be desired.
The chain and toothed harrows made up as above described in accordance with our
invention, may, with advantage, be used in combination with each other as shown at
Figure 5 and diagram Figure 6, for instance; the front portion of the harrow may
comprise a number of toothed frames D linked together, and the rear portion may be
composed of the square links A B above described.
A compound harrow made up in the manner last above described performs the two
following functions, namely, the front part disturbs the soil, and with it all sticks,
stones and the like, and the rear part levels the land at the same time "rolls the
twitch," thus acting as a coarse and fine rake at one operation.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
First: In chain harrows the formation of solid links, the outer corners of which
are rectangular or extended into short teeth or tines substantially as herein described
and shown in the accompanying drawings.
Second-In chain harrows the formation of a divided link substantially as and for
the purpose herein described and shown.
Third-In chain harrows the combination of solid links with divided links
substantially as herein set forth.
Fourth In frame harrows the employment of hard or tempered steel teeth or
tines in combination with a soft metal frame substantially as and for the purpose
herein set forth.
Fifth-The mode of and means employed for securing the teeth or tines of
harrows to the frames in the process of casting the latter substantially as herein
set forth.

page_text: Sixth-The securing of the teeth or tines to the frames of harrows by means of
wedges substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth and shown in the
accompanying drawings.
Seventh-The compounding of link and frame harrows, substantially as herein set
forth and identified in Figure 5 of the accompanying drawings.
Eighth The improvements in and relating to harrows substantially as herein
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Ո
1000
JAMES STEVENSON,
Gray's Inn Chambers,
20, High Holborn, London, W.C.,
Agent for Applicants.