A NEW DESCRIPTION OF HYDRAULIC ENGINE FOR RAISING WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS ABOVE THEIR COMMON LEVEL, THE FLUIDS SO RAISED TO BE USED AS A MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Smith, of Barkeley House, Seaforth, near
Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, and Sydney Arthur Chease, of
Egremont, in the County of Chester, for the Invention of "A NEW
DESCRIPTION OF HYDRAULIC ENGINE FOR RAISING WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS
ABOVE THEIR COMMON LEVEL, THE FLUIDS SO RAISED TO BE USED AS A MOTIVE
POWER."
Sealed the 7th January 1864, and dated the 9th July 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Smith and Sydney
Arthur Chease at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 9th July 1868.
I, JAMES SMITH,.of Barkeley House, Seaforth, in the County of Lancaster,
and SYDNEY ARTHUR CHEASE, of Egremont, in the County of Chester, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for. "A NEW DESCRIPTION
OF HYDRAULIC ENGINE FOR RAISING WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS ABOVE THEIR
COMMON LEVEL, THE FLUIDS SO RAISED TO BE USED AS A MOTIVE POWER," to be as
follows (that is to say):-
This Invention consists in fixing one or more tanks of any dimensions within
a reservoir, so as to allow water or any other fluid employed to pass freely
between them. On the bottom of the tank inside are adjusted two or more
valves, placed over corresponding apertures, which form a communication with
the reservoir beneath. These valves are enclosed by two or more cylinders
bolted to the bottom of the tank. Within these cylinders are fitted pistons_
having valves on them similar to those on the bottom of the tank. The pistons
are fixed to air-tight cylinders or floats, and by means of connecting rods the

page_text: floats are attached to levers set on bearings secured to the crown of the tank.
A rod attached to the crank communicates an oscillating motion to the levers
above, causing the floats and pistons to ascend and descend alternately as the
shaft revolves. A connecting rod unites the crank to the piston rod of the
actuating cylinder. This cylinder may be constructed in the same manner as
the cylinder for a steam engine, having feed and exhaust ports, with slide valves
and gear worked by an eccentric; or may be made in two or three parts,
having the feed and exhaust ports the whole diameter of the cylinder, and the
piston may be made hollow or truncated, thereby utilizing the whole of the
fluid employed in working the engine. We then fill the tank with water,
and put sufficient water in the reservoir to allow the valves on the bottom of
the tank to work freely. By opening the sluice valve, thereby allowing the
water in the tank to pass through the feed pipe into the actuating cylinder, the
water acts on the piston by the force of gravitation similar to the manner in
which steam acts on the piston by the power of expansion. The water
passes through the cylinder and out of the exhaust port into the reservoir.
The feed ports and exhaust ports are opened and closed by the action of the
eccentric, thereby changing the force of the water from the bottom to the top
of the piston, causing the shaft to revolve and the levers to oscillate, raising
one piston and float in the cylinder and depressing the other, while the atmo-
spheric pressure, acting on the surface of the water contained in the reservoir,
forces a portion of it to follow the piston and fill the cylinder as the float
ascends, and the water in the other cylinder passes through the valves on the
piston into the tanks, and from the tank through the feed pipe into the actu-
ating cylinder, through the exhaust ports into the reservoir, and by the pres-
sure of the atmosphere it is again forced through the valves on the bottom of
the tank into the cylinders, and this circuit of motion will be continued until
the communication between the tank and actuating cylinder is shut off, when
the motion ceases.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Smith and Sydney Arthur Chease in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 8th January 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
SMITH, of Berkeley House, Seaforth, near Liverpool, in the County of Lan-
caster, and SYDNEY ARTHUR CHEASE, of Egremont, in the County of Chester,
send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-
year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, thie
said James Smith and Sydney Arthur Chease, Her special licence that we, the
said James Smith and Sydney Arthur Chease, our executors, administrators.
and assigns, or such others as we, the said James Smith and Sydney Arthur
Chense, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter. during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A NEW DESCRIPTION OF
HYDRAULIC ENGINE FOR RAISING WATER AND, OTHER FLUIDS ABOVE THEIR COMMON
LEVEL, THE FLUIDS SO RAISED TO BE USED AS A MOTIVE POWER," upon the
condition (amongst others) that we, the said James Smith and Sydney Arthur
Chease, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said James Smith and Sydney Arthur
Chease, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement (that is to say):-
Our Invention consists in fixing one or more tanks of any dimensions
within a reservoir so as to allow water or any other fluid employed to pass
freely between them. On the bottom of the tank inside we place two or
more valves, over corresponding apertures, which form a communication with
the reservoir beneath. These valves are enclosed by two or more cylinders,-
bolted to the bottom of the tank. Within these cylinders we fit pistons having
valves on them similar to those on the bottom of the tank. The pistons we
fix to air-tight cylinders or floats, and by means of connecting rods we attach
the floats to levers set on bearings secured to the crown of the tank. . A rod
attached to the crank communicates an oscillating motion to the levers above,
causing the floats and pistons to ascend and descend alternately as the shaft
revolves. A connecting rod unites the crank to the piston rod of the actuating
cylinder. This cylinder may be constructed in the same manner as the

page_text: cylinder for a steam engine, having feed and exhaust ports, with slide valves
and gear, worked by an eccentric; or it may be made in two or three parts,
having the feed and exhaust ports the whole diameter of the cylinder, and the
piston may be made hollow or truncated, thereby utilizing the whole of the
fluid employed in the working of the engine. We then fill the tank with
water and put sufficient water into the reservoir to allow the valves on the
bottom of the tank to work freely. By opening the sluice valve, thereby
allowing the water in the tank to pass through the feed pipe into the actuating
cylinder, the water acts on the piston by the force of gravitation, similar to the
manner in which steam acts on the piston by the force of expansion. The
water passes, through the cylinder and out of the exhaust port into the reservoir.
The feed ports and exhaust ports we open and close by the action of the eccentric,
thereby changing the force of the water from the bottom to the top of the
-piston. This causes the shaft to revolve, the lever to oscillate, and raises one
piston and float in the cylinder and depresses the other, while the atmospheric
pressure acting on the surface of the water contained in the reservoir, forces a
portion of it to follow the piston and fill the cylinder as the float ascends, and.
the water in the other cylinder passes through the valves on the piston into
the tank, and from the tank through the feed pipe into the actuating cylinder,
through the exhaust ports into the reservoir, and by the pressure of the atmo-
sphere, is again forced through the valves on the bottom of the tank into the
cylinders, and this circuit of motion will be continued until the communication
between the tank and actuating cylinder is shut off, when the motion
ccases.
That this our said Invention may be the more readily seen and understood,
we have hereunto annexed Drawings which illustrate one modification of an
engine constructed according to our Invention, like letters marked thereon
being used to denote similar parts.
Figure I. is a flank or side elevation of an engine constructed according to
our Invention seen in vertical section. Figure II. is a transverse vertical
section of the same taken from a to b; and Figure III. is a front elevation of
the same, also in partial section.
A, the tank, the lower end of which extends down into B, the reservoir;
C, the line of the common level of the water in the reservoir; D and E, valves
on the lower tank plate; F and G, open topped cylinders, in which work
Hand I, the pistons; K and L, the piston valves; M and N, the floats;
O, the float-guide rods; P, P, rods connecting the floats with R and R³,
compound levers; S and S³, connecting rods, uniting the levers to T, the

page_text: crank, and U, the piston rod; W, the actuating cylinder; ✗, the hollow,
piston; Y, the feed box; Z and Z, feed ports and slide valves; a and a²,
exhaust ports and slide valves; B, the eccentric; C, eccentric strap and slide
valve gear; D, reversing lever; E, the sluice valve lever; F, the sluice valve,
G, regulating cocks; H, the ventilating cocks; K, opening for waste pipe for
obtaining the common level of the water in the tank; L, ventilator. When.
an extra pressure of atmospheric air is required to be exerted on the surface of
the water within the tank, the ventilating opening is fitted as a safety valve,'
and when an extra pressure of atmospheric air is required on the surface of the
water in the tank, the waste pipe is dispensed with, and a cock with float gear
fitted at the bottom of the tank within the reservoir is used in its stead, as
shewn in Fig. II. M, the lower tank plate; N, the lid of the reservoir; O, the
head plate; P, seat of the actuating cylinder; R and S, the float belts;"
T, india-rubber throttle guard. M, the lower plate of the tank A, has two
apertures for receiving the valve plates D and E, and lugs beneath for securing
the tank to the reservoir B. The valve plates D and E are perforated discs,
covered with a clack valve of leather, or which may be of india-rubber,
secured at their centres to the plates by bolts and nuts. The open cylinders
F and G are bolted down on the lower tank plate, over the edges of the
valve plates, so as to render them air-tight on their edges, and hold them.
firmly in the recesses that receive them. Each of the open cylinders must be
of larger cubical contents than the actuating cylinder W, in order that the
excess of water raised by each stroke of the engine may be carried off from
the tank through the waste pipe K into the reservoir, or when an extra atmo-.
spheric pressure is employed the water may be carried through the cock
acted upon by the float in the reservoir, as-seen in Figure II. By this arrange-
ment, compensation is made for any loss of water the tank may sustain by
reversing the engine, as the tank will be again filled to the level of K when
the engine proceeds on its altered course. The pistons H and I are similar
to the valve plates, being perforated discs, with leather valves which encircle
their edges, and the rings m and n form the cylinder guides, and keep the.
leather valves firm in their places. The lugs H and I, fixed on the foot of
the floats M and N, pass through the centre of the pistons, holding them in
their places, and at the same time securing the india-rubber flap valves K
and L on their centres. The floats M and N must be in diameter to that of.
the actuating piston X, in the proportion of 50 to 49, which will give the
required amount of water for reversing the engine. The floats and piston
trunks of small engines may be made with wood, and protected from the action:

page_text: of the water by thin galvanised iron. The float should have a metal 'stay
passing through its centre, the end coming through the head will form a guide
rod, and that end at the foot will hold the piston and valve in its place. A bore
should be carried through the float from end to end, for the purpose of adjusting
the engine, which is done by pouring shot or small pieces of metal down the
aperture until the gear of the engine is balanced by the weight added to the
float. When water is to be raised from a well, the well itself forms the reser-
voir, the lower tank plate its valves, its open cylinders, pistons, and a portion
of the floats and the tank, must be inserted some depth beneath the surface of
the water, taking care that the lower tank plate does not come in contact with
the bottom of the well, yet always remaining under water. When the new
description of bydraulic engine is employed as a lifting pump, as in a well or
in a ship, the actuating cylinder and the levers R and R are dispensed with
and a shaft (having some fitting appliance for giving the floats a reciprocating
motion) is substituted in their place with a crank handle and a fly wheel
turned by hand labour, for imparting the momentum required for raising the
water above its common level. But in an engine adapted for. marine
or manufacturing purposes the floats must be made with metal, having
cocks Grand H on their heads for adjusting the engine. G have tubes
attached to them, which descend to the bottom of the floats (inside), and H
have tubes screwed on their nozzles (when the cocks are required for use) that
pass through the head-plate of the tank. Now by turning the cock G affixed
on the head of the float N, a sufficient quantity of water can be admitted into
the float to balance the crank and the gear of the actuating cylinder, while.
the cock Hallows the air displaced by the water to escape from the float into
the atmosphere. If the water is to be extracted from the float, a syphon or
a small force pump screwed on to the nozzle G will draw it off. The float
belts R have each two trunnions 8, and two guide boxes t. The guide boxes
slide on the guide rods O, keeping the floats perpendicular during the time
they reciprocate. The trunnions are grasped by the connecting rods P, which
unite the floats to the compound levers R and R. The end of the lever Ry
passes through the front of the tank at T (an india-rubber throttle guard,) and
is united to the connecting rod S attached to the crank T. In stationary
engines, where the reservoir can be sunk in the earth to any depth, and built
up with solid masonry, the lever R and the connecting rod S may be dis-
pensed with, and the reciprocating motion obtained by passing a rod fixed on
the foot of the float N, continued from I, and passing through a stuffing
box k; and by cross-head rods and levers connected with the piston U a foot

page_text: 'action can be produced equal to the head action. But in a ship where only a
limited depth can be obtained the head action is most convenient, as it can be
subjected to many modifications. When the mechanical arrangement is com-
pleted we fill the tank with water to the level of K, and the reservoir B to the
level of C. We then bring down the sluice lever E from 6 to c, when the
water contained in the tank rushes through the sluice valve F into the feed
box Y through the feed port Z into the actuating cylinder W, raising the
piston X and crank, which is carried over the centre by the fly-wheel, and
communicating an oscillating motion to the compound levers, and a recipro-
cating motion to the floats, causing the float M to ascend in the open
cylinder F, opening the valve D, through which the pressure of the atmo-
sphere on the surface of the water in the reservoir B forces it to follow the
ascent of the piston H. But in the case of a double engine the fly wheel may
be dispensed with, and a right-angled crank may be substituted. Meanwhile the
float N descends in the cylinder G, opening the piston valve L, allowing the
water contained in the cylinder to pass up into the tank A; at the same time
the eccentric acting, on the valve gear opens the valves a and Z, closing the
valves a¹ and Z, changing the force of water from the top to the bottom of
the piston. The water contained in the actuating cylinder passes through the
exhaust port a into the reservoir, again to be forced by the power of the air
through the lower valves into the tank, until the sluice lever is raised from
c to b, closing, the sluice valve when motion ceases. When it is required to
reverse the engine the sluice valve must be closed, then raise the lever E from
6 to c, closing the sluice valve; then raise the lever D from d to e, and the
exhaust ports a will be closed and a¹ opened, and the feed ports Z* will be
opened and Z closed; then bring down the lever E opening the sluice valve,
when the engine will proceed in an opposite direction. When an extra atmo-
spheric pressure, by means of a supplemental air pump or its mechanical
equivalent is employed on the surface of the water in the tank, the water
therein need not be more than two-thirds the height of the tank.
Having now fully described our Invention, and the best means with which
we are acquainted for carrying it into practical effect, we wish it to be under-
stood that we do not confine ourselves to the precise details, relative propor-
tions, or dimensions berein-before described and set forth, as it may be readily
seen that they may be considerably varied without departing from the principle
of the Invention; but what we claim as our Invention is the principle of "A
New Description of Hydraulic Engine for Raising Water and other Fluids
above their Common Level, the Fluids so raised to be used as a Motive

page_text: Power," as herein-before described and set forth, or any mere modification of
the same.
In witness whereof, we, the said James Smith and Sydney Arthur
Chease, have hereunto set our hands and affixed our seals, this Seventh
day of January, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-four.
Witness,
WILLIAM WALKER,
Of 44, Castle Street,
Liverpool.
JAMES
(L.S.) SMITH.
SYDNEY ARTHUR (L.s.) CHEASE.