IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING OR TWISTING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Craven and Arthur Craven, of Bradford, in the
County of York, Worsted Spinners, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING OR TWISTING FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES,"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Craven and
Arthur Craven at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th
October 1880.
FREDERICK CRAVEN and ARTHUR CRAVEN, of Bradford, in the County of York,
Worsted Spinners. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING
OR TWISTING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
The said Invention relates to improvements in cap spinning, whereby a shorter
nip is obtained, and which allows of starting the frame at a greatly accelerated
speed, without having an increase of ends coming down, and also allowing an
increase of speed in spinning without any extra waste, and producing softer spun
yarns or threads, or with less number of turns to the inch than heretofore.
For this purpose instead of the usual caps having the same diameter from the
bottom to the top, we construct caps having two different diameters both inside
and outside; the top part of the cap is reduced to a diameter sufficient to take in
the spool without yarn, and this top part is about two thirds the length of the
bottom part, but we may vary the length according to requirements; the top of
the cap is made conical and higher than the ordinary caps, which allows the cap to
be higher up towards the top board of the frame, giving a shorter nip; the bottom
part of the cap is made of sufficient inside diameter to receive the yarn and form
the bobbin; this bottom part is of larger outside diameter than the top spool part
of the cap.
By employing caps having reduced outer diameters as well as inner diameters in
the top parts, we are enabled to start the frame with less friction of the yarn on
the caps, which allows us to start and run at a greater speed than with the ordinary
cap frames by nearly two thousand revolutions per minute in excess. By this
means we are enabled to spin softer or with less number of turns to the inch, pro-
ducing softer yarn than heretofore obtained in cap spinning, besides a great saving
in spinning.
By obtaining a shorter nip there is less yarn revolving in the air when spinning,
which prevents the fibres from standing out or stare as it is called in spinning,
therefore producing better yarn.
•

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Frederick Craven and Arthur Craven in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 12th April 1881.
FREDERICK CRAVEN and ARTHUR CRAVEN, of Bradford, in the County of York,
Worsted Spinners. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING
OR TWISTING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES.”
The said Invention relates to improvements in an important part of the machinery
or apparatus used in cap spinning, the employment of which enables a shorter nip
to be obtained and the frame to be started at a greatly accelerated speed as com-
pared with the apparatus of a like character hitherto used, without having an
increase of ends coming down, and without the increase of speed in spinuing being
attended with extra waste, while the production of softer spun yarns or threads or
with less number of turns to the inch is successfully effected.
Our object is effected by substituting for the old form of cap usually employed,
and which has what may be termed a barrel or body of the same diameter from the
bottom to the top, a cap of a greatly improved character, whose use will produce a
great improvement in that branch of the spinning trade where cap spinning is
required. We make our improved cap with such varying diameters inside and
outside as we have ascertained to be suited to the work it has to do in the spinning
operation.
The top part of our cap is reduced to a diameter just sufficient to properly take
in the spool without yarn and an unnecessary excess of diameter, which, as herein-
after explained, serves no good purpose, but is injurious in caps now used in cap
spinning is dispensed with. We ordinarily make the top part of our improved cap
of a reduced diameter for about two thirds of its length, so that it is made with a
compound body or barrel formed of two cylinders, the smaller having a reduced
diameter suited to take in the spool, the larger a diameter suited to take in the
yarn as it is wound on the spool. It is obvious that in some cases the relative
lengths may be varied according to varied requirements. The top of our cap is
made conical, and it can be made to work higher up towards the top board of the
frame, giving a shorter nip than that which is practicable with the ordinary cap.
As above mentioned the bottom part of our improved cap is made of sufficient
inside diameter to receive the yarn and form the bobbin. While we prefer the
compound form of cap produced by combining two cylinders of different diameters
to make the body or barrel, a similar but less efficient result may be obtained by
an equivalent varying form of cap, which properly made with its bottom part is of
larger outside diameter than the top or spool part of the cap.
--
By employing our improved caps we obtain the following advantages as compared
with the ordinary caps:
-We are enabled to start the frame more readily, there being
less friction of the yarn on the caps, which at their upper part have a reduced
surface, and also to run at a greater speed.
Again, by obtaining a shorter nip, there is less yarn revolving in the air when
spinning, which prevents the increased speed from causing the fibres to stand out or
staring, as it is called in spinning, more than under the present system.
By the use of our Invention we are therefore enabled to spin yarn of a softer
character or with less number of turns to the inch, and besides producing better
results we effect a great saving in the spinning, operations.
And in order to enable our improvements to be better understood we will
proceed to describe the same by reference to the accompanying Drawing, in which
Figure 1 represents a sectional elevation of one of our. improved caps as we
ordinarily propose to make them, and Figure 2 an outside view of the same.
Figure 3 represents an elevation of the cap heretofore in general use, and it is
herein shewn in order that the difference between the improved cap and the
ordinary one may be readily understood from a comparison of the respective
Figures.

page_text: The ordinary cap A in Figure 3 may be described as being made of uniform
cylindrical barrel or body with a rounded or conical top B, the diameter in the
inside and outside of the body being respectively the same throughout. When the
cap frame is started the threads wrap round the outside of the ordinary cap,
especially the upper part thereof, which produces friction, and so causes the ends to
break and consequent waste, which breakage and waste is increased by any increased
speed at which the frame is started.
It follows therefore that the excess of diameter in the upper part is, as we have
ascertained, not only unnecessary but produces injurious effects in cap spinning.
Our improved cap made as shewn in Figures 1 and 2 is of a compound tubular
form consisting of two cylinders C and E combined, and having the top part F
conical; the lower cylindrical part C has an inside diameter sufficient to receive
the spool G and the yarn which is being spun upon it whilst forming the bobbin D.
This inside diameter we make of ordinary size for an ordinary bobbin, and of other
required sizes for other bobbins, according as different kinds of yarn are required to
be spun and different sized spools are employed.
The upper part E of our improved cap, made as shown in Figures 1 and 2, has
an inside diameter just sufficient to allow the spool G a free action thorein, which
enables us to reduce the outside diameter E of such upper part so as not to cause
unnecessary friction between its surface and the yarn.
Our improved caps may be made to work higher up towards the top board of the
cap frame than heretofore, by which means a shorter nip is obtained, and this
further enables us to produce a better yarn, as, notwithstanding increased speed,
the fibres are prevented from any increased." staring" or standing out on account
of having less length of yarn revolving in the air, which is an advantage additional
to that obtained by preventing the yarn being unnecessarily wound or wrapped
round the tube, and by consequentially reducing the friction to a ininimum so as to
allow of the frame starting and running at a greatly increased speed.
It is obvious that instead of making our cap of two cylindrical parts of two
different diameters, as we find advantageous, the reduction of diameter of parts of
the cap required to produce our improved result might be effected by tapering the
sides.
Having thus described our improvements and the best means we are acquainted
with for carrying the same into effect, we would have it understood that we do not
confine ourselves to the precise size shewn, as they can be varied without departing
from the peculiar character of the Invention, but what we do claim is,——
The manufacture of improved caps having reduced diameters in the requisite
parts, in the manner and for the purpose substantially as herein described, and the
use of caps such as we have herein referred to in cap spinning frames or other
spinning inachinery, substantially in the manner and for the purpose herein
described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Frederick Craven and Arthur Craven, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Fifth day of April, in the year of
Our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty one
Witness,
WALTER JAS. TURNER, C.E.,
Patent Agent,
Bradford.
FREDERICK CRAVEN. (L.S.)
ARTHUR CRAVEN.
(L.S.)