IMPROVEMENTS IN WARMING AND VENTILATING
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jules Moes, of Rue de l'Echiquier, 19, à Paris, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WARMING AND VENTILATING."
Sealed the 8th September 1857, and dated the 16th March 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jules Moes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th March
1857.
I, JULES MOES, of Rue de l'Echiquier, 19, à Paris, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WARMING AND VENTILATING,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in warming and ventilating
ships, houses, carriages, and other buildings. For this purpose the different
parts of houses, ships, and other buildings are connected to two pipes or tubes,
one of which is employed for withdrawing the vitiated air from the rooms or
different parts of houses or other buildings, the other for admitting fresh
air thereto. The vitiated air is drawn from the different rooms or parts of
buildings into the pipe, which carries it away by means of a revolving fan or by
inclined blades fixed to an axis caused to revolve by any suitable means; from
this axis motion is communicated to an apparatus which registers the number
of revolutions made by the axis, so that the amount of air withdrawn from the

page_text: room can always be ascertained. The pipe for admitting fresh air is arranged
so that it can be put in connection at its lowest end with a coil of pipe which
passes through a furnace, so that when it is required to admit heated or dried
air into the building, the air is first passed through the coil of pipe in the
furnace. The pipe for admitting fresh air is also arranged so that it can be
put into connection with a refrigerating apparatus, so that cold air may be
admitted into the building when required. This refrigerating apparatus consists
of a frame enclosing an endless band of cloth, which passes over two pullies, the
lower of these pullies being immersed in water kept cool by any suitable means.
The pullies are caused to revolve, and the air to be cooled is caused to pass
either through or along the damp endless cloth, so that when the exterior
atmosphere is hot and dry, by passing it through this apparatus it may be
cooled and moistened to the desired degree; or air may be admitted to the
pipe from the exterior atmosphere without passing through either of these ap-
paratus. In ventilating railway and other carriages, the fan for withdrawing
the vitiated air may be put in motion by means of a cord passing around a
pulley on the axles.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Jules Moes in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 15th
September 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JULES
MOES, of Rue de l'Echiquier, 19, à Paris, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of. March, in the year of our Lörd
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Jules Moes, Her special license that I, the said Jules Moes, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Jules
Moes, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any tinic agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and.
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain. and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WARMING AND
VENTILATING," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Jules
Moes, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the

page_text: said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause.
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar.
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jules Moes, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof (that is to say):-
:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in warming and ventilating,
ships, houses, carriages, and other buildings. For this purpose the different
parts of houses, ships, and other buildings are connected to two pipes or tubes,
one of which is employed for withdrawing. the vitiated air from the rooms or.
different parts of houses or other buildings, the other for admitting fresh,
air thereto. The vitiated air is drawn from the different rooms or parts of
buildings into the pipe, which carries it away by means of a revolving fan or,
by inclined blades, suspended by means of springs of convenient strength,
to arms placed at right angles to.each other, and to an axis caused to revolve
by any suitable means. The ordinary inclination of the blades when in action;
is from fifty to sixty degrees, but the inclination of the blades is not constant;
it varies with the rapidity of the rotatory movement; from this axis motion is
communicated to an apparatus which registers the number of revolutions made
by the axis, so that the amount of air withdrawn from the room can always bo
ascertained. By means of a valve in the pipes for admitting fresh air or
withdrawing vitiated air, motion is given. to a needle, which indicates upon
a dial the quantity of fresh air admitted or vitiated air withdrawn. The pipe
for admitting fresh air is arranged so that it can be put in connection at its
lowest end with a coil of pipe which passes,, through a furnace, so that when
it is required to admit heated or dried air into, the building, the air is first
passed through the coil of pipe in the furnace. The pipe for admitting fresh air,
is also arranged so that it can be put into connection with a refrigerating
apparatus, so that cold air may be admitted into the building when required,
This refrigerating 'apparatus consists of a frame enclosing an endless band
of cloth, which passes over two pullies, the lower of these pullies being
immersed in water kept cool. by any suitable means. The pullies are caused
to revolve, and the air to be cooled is caused to pass either through or along
the damp endless cloth, so that when the exterior atmosphere is hot and dry,
by passing. it through this apparatus, it may be cooled and moistened to the
desired degree; or air. may be admitted to the pipe from the exterior
atmosphere without passing through either of these apparatus.
In ven-
tilating railway and other carriages, the fan for withdrawing the vitiated,

page_text: axles.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, I will proceed more
fully to describe the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a section of a building, shewing a ventilating and warming
apparatus arranged according to my Invention. a, a, a", are tubes of metal
for conveying fresh air to the different parts of the building, the tube a' being
twice as large as the tube a, and the tube a" being three times as large as the
tube a.
On the end of the pipe a" there is a box c¹¹ in which there are
openings g, through which the fresh air passes to the part 6 of the building;
through the top of the box c" the pipe a¹ passes and enters the pipe a", and
on the top of the pipe a¹ there is a box c' similar to the box c", for admitting
air to the part of the building. In the same way air is admitted to the
The lower part of
part of the building by means of the pipe a and box c.
the tube a" is arranged so that it can be put in connection with an apparatus
for heating air, and also so that it can be put in connection with an apparatus
for cooling air. The amount of air admitted into the different parts of the
building is regulated by means of valves B in the pipes a, a, a", and can also
be further regulated by means of slides e, e, in the bottom of the boxes c, and
in each of the boxes c there is a perforated shelf h, on which clothes can
be dried, or beverages warmed. Beneath the ceiling of each of the rooms
there is a grating opening into a pipe for conveying away the vitiated air; this
grating is arranged so that it can be covered over by means of slides, as
shewn at Figure 1. In the garret or upper story of the building is placed a
drying apparatus by means of hot and cold air. The moveable door o turns
on a vertical pivot (2); when this door closes the box or chimney K, the
drying is effected with cold air, which enters the dryer through the hole o,
which is then open. If, on the contrary, this hole is closed, the hot air con-
tained in the box passes into the drying apparatus, and in either case a
ventilator (s) gives to the hot or cold air the rapidity of movement desirable to
quicken the drying process. A second partition or moveable door (t) on a
horizontal pivot (u,) allows the air to enter the drying apparatus, or to escape
by the chimney (w) at pleasure.
The apparatus for warming the air with which the pipe a" is put in con-
nection is shown separately at Figures 13, 14, 15, 16, 17. Figure 13
being a vertical section, and Figure 14 a horizontal section, through the
dotted line a, b; Figure 13 and Figure 15, a horizontal section taken through

page_text: the dotted line c, d, Figure 13. C is a chamber built of brickwork, or other
suitable material in which there is a furnace II, the products of combustion
from which pass off through a coil of pipes O, also in the chamber C, and
thence out by the pipe P to a chimney B. Air is admitted through the opening
A to the chamber C; it is there heated by means of the pipes O, and passes
off through the pipe P into the pipe a" to the different parts of the building.
In the pipe D there is a door F, opening inwards, through which cold air can
be admitted into the pipe D, by which means the temperature at which the
air is admitted into the building can be easily controlled. In the chamber C
there is a small pan K, which may be filled with water in order to moisten
the air if the air passing from the heating apparatus is too dry. M is a
funnel for filling the pan with water, and L a glass tube, by means of which
the height of water in the pan can be ascertained. On the ends of the pipes O
there are covers R, which can be removed when the pipes.require cleaning.
Figures 1 and 1 shew two sections of the refrigerating apparatus. t, t',
are the two pullies, over which the endless band of cloth u passes; the lower
of these pullies t' is immersed in a pan of water v. Motion is communicated to
one of these pullies so as to keep the endless cloth continually passing into
and out of the water. The air to be cooled enters through the passage w in
the outside framing, and passes through the endless cloth u, and out through
the passage w' to the pipe a¹, and from there to the different parts of the
building; or air may be admitted to the pipe a" from the open air without
passing through the refrigerating or through the heating apparatus.
In addition to or instead of heating the air by the means above described,
the air may be heated by the chimney from a furnace a passing up through a
tube a, from which there are openings p into the different parts of the
building, as shewn at Figure 1 and Figure 2.
At the bottom of the tube x there is an opening a² for admitting a supply
of fresh air into the tube, where it is gradually heated, and in consequence
rises up through the tube and through the openings p into the different parts
of the building. The superfluous heated air which passes out at the top of
the tube may be admitted into a chamber for drying clothes or other articles;
and the current of air may be accelerated by means of a fan s, as shewn at
Figure 2; or the opening into the drying chamber may be closed, and the
superfluous heated air allowed to escape by means of the chimney 2¹.
The power necessary to create the current of air to be established in order
to ventilate the building, ship, or carriage to be ventilated is supplied by fans
of a novel and peculiar construction, shown on the Drawings at Figures 3

page_text: and 4. Four arms disposed at right angles are fixed to an axis; to two of the
arms are attached blades or fans by means of springs of suitable elasticity;
these blades, when the ventilator is in movement, form a double inclined
plane, which varies according to the rapidity of the motion and the resistance
of the atmosphere, but generally takes an inclination of from 50 to 60 degrees.
The cone surrounds the axle and incloses a spring, which forcing it up so
as to close the space between the blades prevents a counter current. One
of these fans may be placed at the top of the building and a similar one at
the bottom, so that the apparatus may be worked either by exhausting
the vitiated air and leaving the fresh air to enter spontaneously, or by
forcing in the fresh air and permitting the vitiated air to escape. At
each of the openings into the different parts of the building from the pipe
for admitting fresh air there is an apparatus for registering the amount
of air passing into the rooms. This apparatus is shewn separately at Fi-
gures 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. The first consists of four blades, similar to those of
the ventilator, set at an angle around an axis which turns in supports in
the interior of the tube for admitting air to the room. Where fresh air
is going into the room the passage of the air acting on the blades gives
motion to the axis, on which there is a pulley which by means of a cord
communicates motion to an apparatus which registers the number of revo-
lutions made by the axis, and in consequence the amount of air admitted
into the different parts of the building; this apparatus is shewn separately at
Figure 15: Or instead of these apparatus being placed in the openings
from the pipe for admitting fresh air, they may be placed in the openings into
the pipe through which the vitiated air is withdrawn, and they may be used
for registering the amount of vitiated air passing out. Figures 10, 11, 12,
shew different varieties of valves for regulating or cutting off the supply
of air to the rooms.
Figure 12 shews a method of ventilating a railway or other carriage:
n is one of the axles of the carriage, on which there is a pulley m,
which, by means of a cord passing around it, gives motion to a pulley
on the axis a, on which axis there are two blades 'c, c, shewn separately
at Figure 12", which turn in a cylindrical case f, f, f, f, from 'which there
are openings g, g, into the railway carriage, and thus force a current of
air into the carriage; and the amount of air admitted can be regulated
by means of valves b, b, as shewn, which can be worked by means of cords
from the interior of the carriage; and in the roof of the carriage there is
an opening for the passage away of the vitiated air, which opening may be

page_text: covered with wire gauze, or covered over with a tube having a cowl on the
top, in order to prevent the wind from blowing in and causing too strong
a draft.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jules Moes, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twelfth day of September, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-seven.