IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VARNISH
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Maximilian Zingler, of 19, Buckland Crescent,
Belsize Park, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of
META
VERLORD OF VADUTON"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Maximilian Zingler
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 9th April 1874.
I, MAXIMILIAN ZINGLER, of 19, Buckland Crescent, Belsize Park, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VARNISH," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
varnish.
I proceed as follows:-I dissolve camphor in bi-sulphide of carbon, I
mix the solution with powdered gum, copal, or other hard gum, and I
afterwards add either camphine or methylated spirit or both. After the

page_text: materials have been thoroughly agitated until the whole of the gum is
dissolved the process is complete, and the product is a spirit varnish.
.
Oil varnishes I produce by dissolving linseed or other drying oil in
camphine or in methylated spirits, or in a mixture of these, and this
compound I mix with the spirit varnish above described. With these 5
spirit and oil varnishes I can mix other gums or resins.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Maximilian Zingler in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 3rd October 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MAXIMILIAN
ZINGLER, of 19, Buckland Crescent, Belsize Park, in the County of
Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Maximilian Zingler, Her special.
license that I, the said Maximilian Zingler, my executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Maximilian Zingler,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter.
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VARNISH," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Maximilian Zingler, my executors, or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one.
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office.
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Maximilian Zingler, do hereby
declare the
inturn of them wit] T
and in what mannan the can

page_text: is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say :—
This Invention has for its object the dissolution of copal and other
· hard gums without the necessity for the employment of heat or rectified
spirits of wine. For this purpose I dissolve copal and other hard
gums heretofore used in varnish making (or other gums which may
advantageously be used with my Invention, and which are not generally.
used under the present system) by means of a compound liquid which
compound liquid is composed of bi-sulphide of carbon, together with
camphine or turpentine, benzol, or rectified petroleum and methylated
spirits. The solution of the gums and the manufacture of varnish is
effected without using heat or overproof spirits of wine. The addition of
camphor facilitates the solution of the gunis, but it is not essential. By.
these means I am able to produce a better, more durable, and cheaper
varnish than is at present manufactured.
In order to made the varnish I in the first place make a compound
liquid consisting of the following solvents, viz :-
Bi-sulphide of carbon, one part.
Camphine or turpentine, one part.
Benzol or rectified petroleum, one part.
Methylated spirits, two parts.
:
I mix these solvents in a closed vessel until all the ingredients are
thoroughly amalgamated and appear clear to tho eye. This compound
is then fit for use, but the thorough amalgamation of the ingredients:
takes more or less time, according as the same are agitated in the said,
vessel. The compound when fit for use remains good when kept in
closed vessels for an indefinite time. I then take so much copal or other
hard gum heretofore used for varnish making (or other gums which may
be used with my Invention, and which are not generally used under the
present system), according to the nature of the varnish I wish to make,
and by pounding the same I reduce it to a fine powder. Then in a vessel
provided by preference with an agitator I mix the solvents with the
powdered gum; for every 100 lbs. of gum I use 200 to 250, and
even 300 lbs. of the mixed solvents and even more if necessary. These
quantities depend on the hardness of the gums used, and on the consistency
of the varnish required, I then thoroughly mix up all the ingredients
until the gum is dissolved, a process which in ordinary circumstances is
completed in less than one hour.
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