IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING VOLATILE OR INFLAMMABLE FLUIDS AND OILS FOD STORACE TRANSPORTATION AND OTHER PURPOSES "
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Solomon Mayer Eiseman, of the City County and State
of New York in the United States of America, but at present residing at
the Royal Hotel Blackfriars, in the City of London for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING VOLATILE OR INFLAMMABLE FLUIDS AND OILS
FOD STORACE TRANSPORTATION AND OTHER PURPOSES
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Solomon Mayer Eiseman
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th August 1883.
SOLOMON MAYER EISEMAN of the City County and State of New York in the
United States of America but at present residing at the Royal Hotel Blackfriars
in the City of London "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING VOLATILE OR INFLAMMABLE
FLUIDS AND OILS FOR STORAGE TRANSPORTATION AND OTHER PURPOSES
»
The object of my Invention is to treat volatile or inflammable fluids and oils
such as Petroleum Kerosene and Turpentine including the most volatile and
inflammable such as Gasoline as well as other oils (whether they be of light or of
heavy specific gravity or of mineral vegetable or animal origin) in such a manner
that they will be converted into a more or less, solid or granulated state.
A further object of my said Invention is to confer upon these granules the
quality of being able to resist to a certain extent the action of heat firo and
ordinary atmospheric influences as well as to confer upon them other desirablo
properties as hereinafter explained.
As the Granules when treated as hereinafter described ultimately become more
or less dry they become transportable if desired in bulk without the use of any
specially constructed casing barrel or other package and can subsequently be
readily decomposed in order to regain the volatile or inflammable fluids or oils
capable of being used for the ordinary purposes.
My said Invention consists in mixing the volatile or inflammable fluid or oil
with a fatty substance or substances (such as Castor oil stearine or the like)
together with suitable acid as hereinafter described which incorporation of Acid can
bo caused to take place either alone or through the medium of water, oils, the
metallic oxides, alkaline substances, or other suitable liquid, or solid substance.
The combination of the hydrocarbon or inflammable fluid or oil with the fatty

page_text: substance and acid should preferably be caused to take place at as low a degree of
heat as possible.
When the proper incorporation and combination of the substances is effected the
fluid or oil thus obtained is thoroughly mixed with a suitable cold alkaline lye (ns
for example Soda or Lime dissolved in or mixed with water (preferably cold) which
causes an almost immediate coagulation or granulation of the inflammable or
volatile fluid or oil heated as above stated, or in place of this lye the fluid or oil
may be thoroughly mixed or incorporated with the alkaline substances such as soda
or lime in a dry state as powder.
My said Invention further consists in treating the granules thus obtained with
substances that will envelope them with a covering which to a certain extent
protects them from heat or atmospheric influences. Where alkaline lye has been
used in place of a dry alkaline substance I first dehydrate the said granules.
I find silex combinations or the alkaline silicates or soluble glass the most
effective means for producing the desired protective covering when combined with
other substances such as solution of Chloride of Lime, Gypsum solution, or calcined
gypsum powder or other substances having the properties of forming combinations
having the desired qualities these combinations forming coatings of Silicate of lime
or magnesia or the like as a protective envelope to the granules.
In carrying out my Invention I prefer to fuse the Stearine or other equivalent
fatty substance either with the acid or acid combinations and when the same is
melted, and liquid, to add it to the cool fluid or oil to be granulated-By this
_means little or no loss of the volatile and inflammablo fluid or oil is caused by
evaporation or the selected fatty substance may be melted directly in the fluid or
oil to be granulated.
If desired for only temporary use or for transportation over short distances only
or for other purposes the granules may be melted into a more or less compact or
solid or coagulated mass after they have been dehydrated when required and in
this case the fire or weather resisting coating may be dispensed with but this
nelted and subsequently solidified mass of granulated fluid or oil will naturally be
less proof against destruction than the granules coated as previously described.
In order to regain the volatile or inflammablo fluid or oil from the fire and
weather resisting granules or mass I decompose the above described enveloped
granules or the melted and subsequently solidified granulated fluid or oil and this
process causes a recovery of the substances held in combination with the fluid or
oil To obtain this result the most expedient means are to melt the granules or
mass and to mix them or it while in a pasty or viscous state with acidulated
water.
The decomposition may also be effected by acidulated warm or cold water alone
without melting the granules or mass this being particularly valuable for the
extremely volatile fluids and oils although it is not quite so advantageous as the
first mentioned method. The result should be always the same whichever means
may be resorted to to regain the fluid or oil when acid and water have been
used, to effect the separation Tho volatile and inflammable fluid or oil will be
released or separated from the various substances with which it has been combined
which substances will collect separately on the surface of the water or below the
volatile or inflammable fluid or oil according to their specific gravities-The
conversion of the Stearine and Castor oil into their fatty Acids will be very
readily accomplished if a powerful Acid such as Sulphuric Acid is used for the
decomposition of the granules
For crude Petroleum in the form of compacted or separate granules distillation
affords a ready means of decomposition and permits of the refining of the crude
Petroleum in one operation with the separation of the same from the substancos
with which it has been combined in granulating and coating it.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Solomon Mayer Eiseman in the Patent Office on the 16th February
1884.
SOLOMON MAYER EISEMAN of the City County and State of New York in the
United States of America but at present residing at the Royal Hotel Blackfriars
in the City of London "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING volatile OR INFLAMMABLE
FLUIDS AND OILS FOR STORAGE TRANSPORTATION AND OTHER PURPOSES
").
The object of my Invention is to treat volatile or inflammablo finids and oils
such as petroleum Kerosene and Turpentine or any of their liquid manufactured
products including the most volatile and inflammable such as Gasoline as well as
other oils (whether they be of light or of heavy specific gravity or of mineral
vegetable or animal origin) in such a manner that they will be converted into a
more or less solid mass or granulated state.
A further object of my said Invention is to confer upon these masses or granules
the quality of being able to resist to a certain extent the action of heat and
ordinary atmospheric influences as well as to confer upon them other desirable
properties as heroinafter explained.
As the masses or granules when treated as hereinafter described ultimately
become more or less dry they are transportable if desired in bulk without the use
of any specially constructed casing barrel or other package and can subsequently
be readily decomposed in order to regain the volatile or inflammable fluids or oils
in a state to fit them for being used for the ordinary or other purposes.
My said Invention consists in mixing and combining the volatile or inflammablo
fluid or oil with a fatty substance or substances (such for example as Stearine
carnauba wax Palmitine or the like) together with suitable acid or acid
combinations as hereinafter described which incorporation of acid can be caused
to take place either alone or through the medium of water, oils, the metallic oxides,
alkaline substances or other suitable liquid or solid materials. The combination
of the hydrocarbon or inflammable fluid or oil with the fatty substance and acid
should preferably be caused to take place at as low a degree of heat as possible.
When the proper incorporation and combination of the substances are effected tho
fluid or oil thus obtained is thoroughly mixed with a suitablo alkaline lye (as for
example, ammonia soda or lime dissolved in or mixed with water preferably cold)
which causes an almost immediate coagulation or granulation of the inflammablo
or volatile fluid or oil treated as above stated or in place of this lye the fluid or
oil may be thoroughly mixed or incorporated with the alkaline substances in a dry
state as powder. By this latter method (and also if heated lye be used) direct
solidification ensues.
My said Invention further consists in treating the granules or mass thus obtained
with substances that will envelope them with a covering which to a certain extent
protects them from heat or atmospheric influence. When alkaline lye has been
used in place of a dry alkaline substance I first dehydrate the said granules or
mass either by melting or by centrifugal force or by other suitable or practical
means.
I find the alkaline silicates or soluble glass the most effective means for
producing the desired protective coating when combined with other substances
such as chloride of lime or gypsum either in a powder or paste or other substances
having the properties of forming combinations having the desired qualities,
these combinations forming coatings of silicate of lime or magnesia or the like
(according to the material used) as a protective envelope to the granules or
mass.

page_text: -
In carrying my Invention into effect I prefer to fuse the stearine or other
equivalent fatty substance with the acid or the acid combinations and when the
said fatty substance is melted to add it to the cool volatile or inflammable fluid or
oil to be granulated or solidified. The fluid or oil may also be simply combined
with the acidulated body in any practical way and the fatty substance fused and
added to the acidulated Oil to be hardened.-By these means little or no loss of
the volatile and inflammable fluid or oil is caused by evaporation. If preferred
the selected fatty substance may be melted directly in the volatile or inflammable
fluid or oil to be granulated. Castor oil, owing to the peculiar acid found therein,
furnishes a good product, the results of its combinations with the solid fatty
substance or substances and the volatile or inflammable fluid or oil to be treated
being satisfactory.
In order to fully demonstrate the various phases of my Invention as well as
some of the means capable of producing the desired results according to my
Invention, I will give several examples.
Example I. One fourth of an ounce of Stearine is melted with one eighth of
an ounce of Castor oil and added to one half of a pint of ordinary Kerosene
and when thoroughly mixed is well incorporated with an alkaline lye (say for
example of soda.)
The granules or mass thus formed are then dehydrated (by draining or otherwise)
and mixed or coated with a solution of soluble glass and with a solution of chloride
of lime (for instance chalk dissolved in water and muriatic acid). This gives the
granules or mass a conting of Silicate of lime.
Example II. One fourth of an ounce of Stearine or Palmitine is melted and
five or six drops of sulphuric acid diluted with water are mixed with it and the
mixture is poured into and mixed with one half of a pint of the fluid or oil.-Or
the acid or acid combination and the melted fatty substanco may be added
soparately to the Oil.-The resultant granules may be formed into a mass by
melting. Magnesia may be used for forming an envelope or covering of a silicate
of magnesia for the granules or mass.
Example III. One fourth of an ounce of melted Stearine or Carnauba wax is
inixed with half a pint of crude petroleum which has been previously acidulated
with five or six drops of muriatic acid, granulation is then effected as previously
stated and the protective coating may be formed of gypsum talc or chalk with
soluble Glass.
Example IV. One fourth of an ounce of Stearine is melted with one eighth of
an ounce of castor oil and this combination is then mixed with one half of a pint
of cold Gasoline which when the mixture is complete coagulate as before described
and the mass or granules are then coated with soluble glass and sulphate of lime
either as a thick watery solution or as a dry powder.
Naphtha Benzine Turpentine and similar fluids or oils may be similarly treated
producing likewise favorable results.
Sulphate of magnesia (Epsom salts) acetate of lead the acid combinations of
metallic oxides and alkaline substances or oily substances which have been
acidulated or which possess acid properties naturally (as castor oil) may be used in
place of the acid mentioned in the several examples. The efforescence caused by
the use of Epsom salts sugar of lead or the like being objectionable in Kerosene.
I prefer to use castor oil, acid, or acid diluted with water
By using a solution or mixture of lime for the Alkaline fluid for the purpose
of effecting the granulation or hardening the efforescence will also be modified and
the lime will combine very readily in the subsequent treatment with soluble
glass to form the coating of silicate of Lime.
The various proportions of the substances as well as the dilution of the materials,
'also the manner of combining the selected substances used to produce the desired
results may be varied without affecting the essence of my Invention.
If desired for only temporary use or for transportation over short distances or
for other purposes the granules if made with cold alkaline lye may be melted and

page_text: on cooling will form a more or less compact or solid mass or body adapted for
various industrial purposes as hereinafter explained and in this case the fire or
weather resisting coating may be dispensed with but this melted and subsequently
solidified mass of fluid or oil will naturally be less proof against destruction than
will be the mass or granules coated as previously described.
In order to regain the volatile or inflammable fluid and oil from the granules or
mass I decompose the above described granules or the solidified fluid or oil, this
process causing a recovery of the substances held in combination with the fluid or
oil. To obtain this result the most expedient moans are to melt the granules
or mass and to mix them or it while in a pasty or viscous state with acid and
water.
The decomposition may also be effected by acidulated warm or cold water alone
without melting the granules, this being particularly valuable for the extremely
volatile fluids and oils, although it is not quite so advantageous as the first
mentioned method. The result should be always the same whichever of theso
means may be resorted to to regain the fluid or oil that is to say the volatile or
inflammable fluid or oil will be released or separated from the various substances
with which it was combined which substances will collect separately from the
volatile or inflammable fluid or oil according to their specific gravities. Tho
conversion of the stearine or fatty body and Castor oil when used into their fatty
acids will be very readily accomplished if a powerful acid (such as sulphuric acid)
be used for the decomposition of the mass or granules.
For crude petroleum in the form of compacted or separate granules or mass
thereof distillation affords a ready means of decomposition and permits of the
refining of the crude petroleum in one operation with the separation of the same
froin the substances with which it was combined.
The bereinbefore described solidified or granulated hydrocarbon liquid or oils in
the form of a mass or separato granules may be employed for fuel as bricks or,
blocks made by compacting or concreting the granules (and if desired coated or
nixed with suitable substances) the said bricks or blocks being adapted for
employment as fuel to give intense heat for industrial purposes or tho mass or
granules may be melted and mixed say with coke-dust, saw-dust or other suitable
combustible substance, and when cooled will form more or less solid or compact
bricks or blocks excellently adapted for heating purposes. Or the mass or granules
may be melted and simply coated as mentioned either after cooling or whilst in a
slightly pasty state, they may be rolled into or mixed with suitable coating
concreting or comenting material or materials such as soluble glass and coke dust
or the like. The said granules or mass uncoated either separate or in any other
form solidified or otherwise may also be used in substitution for, or in combination
with the fats employed in the manufacture of soap. The mass can also be used to
make candles or torches for illumination, torches being blocks or cylinders having
any desired size or form which may be pressed, gouged or struck out of the mass of
solidified fluid or oil by means of properly constructed appliances or they may be
cast or moulded For candles with wicks the substance can be manufactured as is
usual in making such articles of the ordinary materials namely by casting or
moulding. Where used for illuminating purposes the granulation or solidification
should by preference be effected in or with ammonia as this alkaline body is more
volatile than the other alkaline substances and therefore if thus produced the mass
will burn better when made into candles or torches.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the hercinbefore in part
recited Letters Patent is :-
First. The herein before described process of granulating coagulating solidifying
or hardening volatile or inflammable fluids and oils the said process consisting in
dissolving in or mixing with the said fluids or oils a fatty substance in the presence

page_text: of acid or acid combinations and mixing the so treated volatile or inflammable
fluids or oils with an alkaline substance or substances for producing the granulation
coagulation solidification or hardening of the fluid, or oil, so treated substantially
as hereinbefore described.
Second. The herein before described process of granulating, coagulating, solidifying
or hardening volatile or inflammable fluids and oils the said process consisting in
dissolving in, or mixing with them a fatty substance or substances, together with
castor oil and with a liquid lye, substantially as herein before described.
Third. The herein before described process of producing weather resisting
granulated or solidified volatile or inflammable fluids and oils the said process
consisting in granulating or solidifying the said fluids or oils as herein before
described and then combining or covering the granules or mass with a substance or
substances adapted to resist the influences of the atmosphere, substantially as
herein before described.
Fourth. The hereinbefore described process of producing weather resisting
granulated coagulated or solidified volatile fluids or oils the said process consisting
in converting the said fluids or oils into a granulated coagulated or solidified state
or mass as hereinbefore described and then combining therewith or covering
the same with combustible materials or combinations, substantially as herein before
described.
Fifth. As a new article of manufacture volatilo or inflammable fluids or oils
_ converted to a granulated coagulated or solidified state, substantially as and for
the purposes hereinbefore described.
Sixth. As a new article of manufacture, volatile or inflammable fluids and oils
converted to a granulated solidified and protected state, substantially as and for
the purposes hereinbefore described.
Seventh. As a new article of manufacture, volatile or inflammable fluids and oils
converted into Granules or a solidified mass and combined or covered with
combustible materials or combinations, substantially as and for the purposes
herein before described.
Eighth. The recovery of liquid volatilo and inflammable fluid or oil together
with the substances combined therewith from the hereinbefore described solid or
granulous form of the volatile and inflammable fluid or oil, by decomposing the
granules or solidified mass, substantially as hereinbefore described.
In witness whereof I the said Solomon Mayer Eiseman have to this my
Specification set my hand and seal this tenth day of October One thousand eight
hundred and eighty three.
2
TRIC RAN