IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND VENTILATING, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE PARTLY APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Richard Stevens, of Lewisham, in the County of
Kent, Engineer, for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR
HEATING AND VENTILATING, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE PARTLY APPLICABLE
FOR OTHER PURPOSES
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Richard Stevens at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th November 1882.
CHARLES RICHARD STEVENS, of Lewisham, in the County of Kent, Engineer,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND VENTILATING, WHICH IMPROVE-
MENTS ARE PARTLY APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES,"
"
The first part of my invention relates to the water-heater for which I obtained
Letters Patent dated the 20th of April A.D. 1881, No 1714. The improvements
consist in providing the same with an inclosed tank so that it can be supplied
direct from the house cistern or main, and in making them suitable for refreshment
bars for supplying hot water constantly, also in making a long joint for the burner
so as to better support the weight of the burner; and also in arranging the cock so
that it can only be turned off and on when the burner is turned out for lighting;
also in improvements to the burner by supplying the air for combustion round the
top of the outer casing of the burner, so that the air is heated before it descends
and mixes with the gas at the bottom of the burner for more effectually warming
the air and gas before combustion takes place; also in constructing the apparatus
with a suitable furnace to burn coke or coal, or with burners for liquid fuel as well
as gas. The second part of my invention relates to the manufacture of iron tanks.
It consists in setting the edges of the plates to fit the slitted tube or channeled iron
for the purpose of holding the plates together in a simpler manner than shown in
the specification of Patent No 1714 A.D. 1881. Instead of having sharp angles by
using a suitably shaped channel iron, it is sufficient only to round the edges of the
plates, so that common iron can be used. The third part of my invention relates
to the gas regulator described in the specification of the said patent for regulating
the pressure of gas to my water heaters, gas cooking and warming stoves, which is
applicable for general gas supply or lights and burners. My improvements consist
in utilising the metal diaphragm or bellows for ball-valves, bib-cocks and

page_text: pneumatic bells and for all other purposes it may be adapted for in place of a
stuffing box. It is also suitable for pressure gauges. The fourth part of my
invention relates to the mode of heating by hot air and steam, described in the
specification of the said Patent. My improvements consist, instead of allowing the
hot air from the gas to mingle with the steam, in carrying it separately through
the apparatus, so as to get the same advantage as before without the drawbacks.
Also in utilizing my plan of supplying the reservoir with a small quantity of water
for heating by steam only; also in making my gas fire grate for hot water
circulation as well as steam and hot air. The fifth part of my invention relates to
the gas grill for cooking on both sides an once, described in the specification of the
said Patent. It consists in making the top of the grill round and in an arrangement
for drawing the article to be cooked out or in; also in arranging them in a row, so
as to form a hot plate or oven above and to be able to cook a large number at one
time. The sixth part of my invention relates to utilizing mineral oils for cooking
or heating purposes. It consists in constructing a suitable burner and applying a
jet of air from a fan driven by clock-work, or any other suitable manner of getting
a blast of air, also in making a dub metal chimney to form the boiler for heating
water or for the warming apparatus either by steam and hot air, steam only, or
hot water. The seventh part of my invention relates to ventilating furnaces for
fixing in shafts for destroying the germs of foul gases from the sewers; it consists
in making the base of the shaft larger than usual, to hold the heater or furnace, the
same to be suspended or hung in the centre of the shaft. By a suitable arrange-
ment the furnace, when full of fuel, remains at its lowest point, but as soon as it
begins to get empty or lighter, it rises, and by doing so, works, an automatic feeder
that fills it again with fuel and so on. The furnace is constructed like a basket or
inverted cone with deep bars, so that the air can have a free passage, but that at the
same time the gases are consumed. In conjunction with this I have an arrangement
like an undershot water-wheel to be fixed down in the sewer (and the inlets
suitably arranged) for the purpose of driving a blower or fan, by the action of the
water running down the sewer, and then to exhaust the foul gases and drive them
through the furnace, and so to effectually destroy them. In case of a flood the
blades of the wheel can be reversed, so as not to obstruct the water running down
the sewer.
This ventilator can also be used without the furnace if required and
is also suitable for drains, for the purpose of removing the foul gases accumulating
in them as well as in sewers. The eighth part of my invention relates to an
arrangement for heating food or liquid and keeping it warm.
making a bottle or receptacle in metal or glass or earthenware, making a casing to
fit on the outside, either movable or a fixture, and padded or packed with a
suitable non-conducting material for the purpose of retaining the heat in the liquid
or food. Before using the casing boiling water is first put into the vessel for the
purpose of heating same, and then taken out again, and then the hot liquid or food
introduced. Also in making a double casing to hold water between the walls for
the purpose of keeping liquid or food warm, and then arranging underneath a lamp
or stove to keep the water hot between the cases, and give a light as well as retain
the heat in the water. The ninth part of my invention relates to the blast gas
oven described in the specification of the said Patent. It consists in making the
outer casing double, and packing same with a suitable non-conducting material;
also in constructing the burner so that the draught goes up the metal tubes inside
the oven for small ones without any other manner of getting a blast. The tenth
part of my invention relates to circulating pipes used for hot water. It consists in
making them oblong or a long oval with, a partition down the centre, so that a
flow and return can be got in the one pipe. These can be made without the
partition, when required. The advantage of this is, a much larger heating surface
with the same amount of water than would be required in round pipes.
It consists. in

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Charles Richard Stevens in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
12th May 1883.
CHARLES RICHARD STEVENS, of Lewisham, in the County of Kent, Engineer,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND VENTILATING, WHICH IMPROVE-
MENTS ARE PARTLY APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES,"
"
The first part of my invention relates to the water heater for which I obtained
Letters Patent dated the 20th of April A.D. 1881 N° 1714.
The improvements consist in constructing the same with a closed tank A
Fig: 1 so that it can be supplied direct from the house cistern or main, and
in making nem suitable for refreshment bars for supplying hot water constantly,
also in making a double joint for the burner Fig: 3 so as to better support
the weight of the burner; and also in arranging the cock so that it can
only be turned off, and on when the burner is turned out for lighting; also
in causing the air for combustion to descend from the top of the outer casing of
the burner, so that the air is heated before it mixes with the gas at the bottom of
the burner. The second part of my invention relates to the manufacture of iron
tanks. It consists in bending the edges of the plates to fit the slitted tube or
channel iron for the purpose of holding the plates together in a simpler manner
than shewn on the Specification of Patent N° 1714 A.D. 1881. Instead of having
sharp angles, by using a suitably shaped channel iron, it is sufficient to round the
edges of the plates, so that common iron can be used. The third part of my
Invention relates to the gas regulator described in the Specification of the said
Patent for regulating the pressure of gas to my water heaters, gas cooking and
warming stoves but which is also applicable for general gas supply, or lights and
burners. My improvements consist in utilizing metal diaphragm or bellows for
ball valves, bib-cocks and pneumatic bells and as a substitute for a stuffing box.
It is also suitable for pressure gauges. The fourth part of my invention relates to
the mode of heating by hot air and steam, described in the Specification of the said
Patent. My improvements consist, instead of allowing the hot gases of combustion
to mingle with the steam, in carrying them separately through the apparatus in
order to avoid the distinction of the metals. Also in adapting my apparatus for
heating by steam only; also in making my gas fire grate for hot water circulation as
well as steam and hot air. The fifth part of my invention relates to the gas grill for
cooking on both sides at once, described in the Specification of the said Patent. It
consists in making the top of the grill round and in an arrangement for drawing
the article to be cooked out or in; also in arranging the grills in a row, so as to
form a hot plate or oven above, and to be able to cook a large number at one time.
The sixth part of my invention relates to utilizing mineral oils for cooking or
heating purposes. It consists in constructing a suitable burner and applying a jet
of air from a fan driven by clock work, or from any other suitable source also in
making a double metal chimney so as to form a boiler for heating water. The
seventh part of my invention relates to ventilating furnaces to be fixed in shafts for
destroying the germs of foul gases from the sewers; it consists in making the shaft
wider than usual to hold the heater or furnace which may be suspended or other-
wise supported in the centre of the shaft. By a suitable arrangement the furnace,
when full of fuel, remains in its lowest position, but as soon as it begins to get
empty or lighter, it rises, and by doing so, works an automatic feeder that fills it
again with fuel, and so on. The furnace is constructed like a basket or inverted
cone with deep bars so that the air can have a free passage, but that at the same
time the gases are consumed. In conjunction with this I have an arrangement like
an undershot water wheel to be fixed down in the sewer for the purpose of driving
a blower or fan, by the action of the water running down the sewer thereby

page_text: exhausting the foul gases from the sewer and driving them through the furnace.
In case of a flood the blades of the wheel can be reversed, so as not to obstruct the
water running down the sewer. This ventilator can also be used without the
furnace if required, and is also suitable for drains. The eighth part of my invention
relates to an arrangement for heating food or liquid and keeping it warm. It
consists in applying a bottle or receptacle of metal, glass or earthenware in
combination with a casing adapted to fit over the outside of the bottle, the casing
being either moveable or a fixture and padded or packed with a suitable non-
conducting material for the purpose of retaining the heat in the liquid or food.
Before using the casing, boiling water is first put into the vessel for the purpose of
heating same, and then taken out again, and then the hot liquid or food is
introduced. The invention also consists in making a double casing to hold water
between the walls for the purpose of keeping liquid or food warm, and then
arranging underneath a lamp or stove to keep the water hot between the cases, and
give a light as well as retain the heat in the water. The ninth part of my
invention relates to the blast gas oven described in the Specification of the said
Patent. It consists in making the outer casing double, and packing same with a
suitable non-conducting material, also in constructing the burnor so that the
draught goes up the metal tubes inside the oven, without any other means of getting
a blast The tenth part of my invention relates to circulating pipes used for hot
water. It consists in making them oblong with a partition down the centre, so that
a flow and return can be got in the one pipe. These can be made without the
partition, when required. The advantage of this is a much larger heating surface
with the same amount of water than would be required in round pipes.
The accompanying drawings Figs. 1 to 32 show more clearly of my invention
and how the same is to be performed.
Fig 1 represents a water heater with the closed tank A, water inlet a, vent-
pipe b, and draw-off cocks cc, boiler B.
Figs 2 and 24 show the automatic feed-mechanism for supplying water to the
tank A Fig 1. This mechanism is also applicable for storing water for domestic
and drinking purposes, so as to prevent its contamination with dust and other
impurities which frequently get into open tanks. A is the tank, B a float placed
in a chamber C communicating with the tank by a pipe a, and with a
vent-pipe b. Under the chamber C¹ is situated another chamber D' communicating
with the tank A' by the pipe c' and with tho water-supply pipe through the
pipe d. The float is mounted loose on a spindle e¹ having an upper valve f loose
on the spindle and lower valve gl_placed in front of the pipes b' and d¹. h¹ are
draw-off pipes. The apparatus Fig 2 operates as follows:-When the water
supply is on from the main water rises through the pipe c', lifts the valve e¹ and
flows through pipe c¹ into the tank A'. The air in the tank escapes through the
pipe a¹ and vent pipe b¹. When the tank is filled, the water lifts the float B in
chamber C, thereby closing the valve F. When the main water supply is turned
off the valve e' closes, the valve f¹ opens, and admits air from the vent pipe to the
tank. Fig 2 represents a modification of the same apparatus.
A is the tank, B³ the float, 6' the vent-pipe, c³ the supply-pipe, f² a valve, g¹ a
flange, e² the valve-spindle.
Fig 3 represents a water heater on a larger scale, showing the improved burner
and supply-valve. The burner E is supported by a double joint F. The outer
casing G of the burner is provided at the top with air inlets h h through which the
air enters the space between the casing and the burner. As the air descends it is
heated before it mixes at ii with the gas.
Fig 3 shows a section of the supply valve, on a larger scale. The cap k fixed
to the ball-lever is hinged at to the nozzle of the valve. The pressure of the
water lifts the ball thereby causing the valve to close on its seat.
Figs. 4 and 5 show my improved joint for water tanks. The ends of the plates I
are bent round so as to fit into the channel iron K, the web nn of which is split
and subsequently bent down right and left over the plates I L

page_text: Fig 5 shows the chaunel iron before use.
Figs 7 to 14 are various applications of the metal diaphragm described in the
specification of my former patent. Fig 7 shows the metal diaphragm L attached
to a spindle o which controls the portion of the valve p of a gas-regulator. q and
rare inlet and outlet pipes for the gas.
Fig 8 shows a gas regulator constructed on the same principle applied to a gas
burner M. 8 is the valve. Fig 9 shows the application of the diaphragm N to a
ball valve t. Fig 10 shows a diaphragın O applied to a bib-cock. Fig 11 shows
a diaphragm provided with a button P for compressing the diaphragm, which acts
like the elastic ball or bag in a pneumatio bell. Fig 12 shows a shape of
diaphragm R suitable for air-brakes. Figs 13 and 14 show the application of the
diaphragm S for a pneumatic telegraph. By turning round the handle T more or
less, it compresses the bellows more or less, thereby expanding the bellows at the
other end of the air conduit in the same proportion, the expansion being recorded
by a pointer on a dial. u is the air conduit.
Fig 15, 16, 17 and 18 show methods of separating the steam from the gases of
combustion. U in Fig 15 is the water and steam space.
V the flue for the gases
of combustion. W is an automatic water feeder. Fig 16 is a section of the
steam pipe and flue. Fig 17 is a front view and Fig 18 a section of a gas
fire-grate. is the gas burner. w the flue for the gases of combustion, a are
water-pipes.
Figs 19 and 20 represent a gas grill in front view and section. The gas
burnera a³ are placed on both sides of the meat, so as to cook it on both sides at
once. As is an oven for keeping plates warm.
Fig 21 shows a paraffin burner B³, provided with air supply pipes b³ and a
chimney C³, adapted as a water-heater.
The
Figs 22, 23 and 24 show apparatus for ventilating sewers, Fig 22 being a
vertical section of a shaft D³, with furnace E³, automatic feeding apparatus F³, and
fan G3 which is driven by the water wheel H³ (Fig 23) placed in a sewer.
motion is transmitted to the fan by tooth-wheels h³ ³ and shaft g³. Fig 24
shows the wheel H³ placed in the sewer L. K³ is a channel or shaft leading to
the fan.
Figs 25 to 28 illustrate apparatus for keeping food warm. Fig 25 shows a
feeding bottle M³ enclosed in a casing N³, which may be made of two parts so as
to easily remove the bottle.
Figs 26 and 27 show bottles or pots having double walls which enclose
non-conducting material
Fig 28 represents an oven 0³ surrounded with water kept hot by a lamp P³
which serves at the same time for illumination.
Figs 29 and 30 show a vertical section and plan of a gas oven. R³ are the
burners, S³ flue pipes, and T3 a jacket of non-conducting material around the oven.
U³ are rings for supporting the cooking vessels.
Fig 30 is a cross section. Fig 31 a longitudinal section, and Fig 32 an elevation
of a circulating pipe for hot water. It is made flat and divided into two
compartments by a partition V. The drawing shows also a practical mode of
joining several lengths of pipe.
In witness whereof I the said Charles Richard Stevens have hereunto set my
hand and seal this 12th day of May A.D. 1883.