Im- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGISTERING AND CHECKING THE ENTRIES AND EXITS OF PASSENGERS TO AND FROM TRAMWAY CARS, OMNIBUSES, OR OTHER
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Marshall Arthur Wier, of No. 9, Great Win-
chester Street, in the City of London, for the Invention of "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGISTERING AND CHECKING THE ENTRIES
AND EXITS OF PASSENGERS TO AND FROM TRAMWAY CARS, OMNIBUSES, OR OTHER
"
Sealed the 11th July 1873, and dated the 16th January 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Marshall Arthur
Wier at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 16th January 1873.
.
I, MARSHALL ARTHUR WIER, of No. 9, Great Winchester Street, in
the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGISTERING AND CHECKING THE ENTRIES
AND EXITS OF PASSENGERS TO AND FROM TRAMWAY CARS, OMNIBUSES, OR OTHER
CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates more especially to apparatus, whereby the
numbers and places of entry and exit of passengers to and from tramway
cars, omnibuses, or other carriages are indicated by self-acting means

page_text: independently of the conductor, so as to afford an accurate check upon
the amount of fares paid to him; but parts of my Invention are also
applicable to registering apparatus which is not wholly self-acting.
In cases where convenient I employ an ordinary turnstile to register
the entrance of passengers, and another to register their exit, or a
single turnstile may be arranged to register both the entrance and exit
of passengers.
In cases where in consequence of contracted space an ordinary turn-
stile cannot be employed I use a turnstile, the arms of which are,
successively placed across the opening, and allowed to fall out of the
way by means of cam surfaces acting by the rotation of a turnstile, or
instead of a turnstile I employ a swing gate connected by suitable
mechanism with a second gate (which may be adapted to slide or swing)
in such manner as to cause it to act in conjunction with it, so as to bar
the way to a following passenger until the first has passed.
Whether the turnstile or swing gate be employed I prefer to connect
it with the registering mechanism by means of pneumatic actuating
apparatus; but mechanical, electric, or other suitable actuating apparatus
may be employed for that purpose.
The registering mechanism consists of a dial face, in which are
openings arranged in a peculiar manner in reference to the various
stopping and starting stations on the route. Behind these openings are
adapted suitable counting apparatuses set in motion by the aforesaid
pneumatic or other actuating apparatus in connection with the turnstilo
or swing gate. These counting apparatuses exhibit through the appro-
priate openings in the dial face the numbers of passengers that bave
entered or left the vehicle at or between the several stations.
Instead of the dial face with openings I sometimes employ revolving
indices moved by similar actuating apparatus, and furnished with
graduated and numbered scales for showing the numbers of passengers
entering or alighting, and in other cases or conjointly with either of the
registering means above mentioned I effect the registration by the action
of a pricker, point, or pencil upon a moveable sheet of paper. Which-
ever modification is adopted I prefer to arrange it in the peculiar manner
by which I distinguish the numbers entering or leaving the vehicle at or 3
between any of the several stations.

page_text: In order to secure the effects above referred to certain changes corre-
sponding to the various stations on the route have to be effected
in appropriate parts of the registering apparatus, in order to bring the
actuating mechanism of the turnstile or swing gate in unison with the
proper part of the registering apparatus, according with the part of the
route the vehicle may be on at any time.
To effect these changes
automatically I employ what I call a governing apparatus in connection
with the registering mechanism, which governing apparatus may be con-
nected by worm wheels or otherwise to one of the axles or other revolving
part of the vehicle in such manner that the revolutions of the wheels
during the passage from station to station shall operate upon the
governing apparatus, and effect the desired change just before the
vehicle arrives at a station.
I sometimes effect this change in the registering apparatus by a pro-
jection thrown up in the rail or road (in the case of tramways) by the
passage of the car, the projection acting upon a rod or some pendent
instrument in connection with and moving the governing apparatus.
Sometimes, and especially in the case of omnibuses, I adapt the
before-mentioned governing apparatus, so that instead of being moved
automatically by the motion of the vehicle it is moved by the conductor
at or near each station, the mechanism being so arranged, as, for
example, by means of a clock spring, wheelwork, & escapement in
connection with an index and arbor, that the conductor cannot move
the governing apparatus more than one step corresponding to one.
station at a time; and if he fails to do so at the proper time the regis-
tering apparatus registers unfavourably for or against him.
A modification of this latter apparatus is also applicable for checking
the number of times the conductor passes through the turnstile, etc.,
himself to collect fares, or for other purposes, thus determining the
number to be placed to his credit on that account, or to be deducted
from the total number of entrances registered by the turnstiles.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Marshall Arthur Wier in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 16th July 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MARSHALL
ARTHUR WIER, of No. 9, Great Winchester Street, in the City of
London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and succes-
sors, give and grant unto me, the said Marshall Arthur Wier,
Her special licence that I, the said Marshall Arthur Wier, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Marshall Arthur Weir, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGISTERING AND
CHECKING THE ENTRIES AND EXITS OF PASSENGERS TO AND FROM TRAMWAY
CARS, OMNIBUSES, OR OTHER CARRIAGES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Marshall Arthur Wier, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and scals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Marshall Arthur Wier, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement, reference being had to the
accompanying Drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon,
that is to say :-
My Invention relates more especially to apparatus whereby the
numbers and places of entry and exit of passengers to and from

page_text: tramway cars, omnibuses, or other carriages are indicated by self-acting
means, independantly of the conductor, so as to afford an accurate check
upon the amount of fares paid to him, but parts of my Invention are
also applicable to registering apparatus which is not wholly self-acting.
In cases where convenient I employ an ordinary turnstile to register
the entrance of passengers, and another to register their exit, or a single
turnstile may be arranged to register both the entrance and exit of
passengers.
In cases where in consequence of contracted space an ordinary turn-
stile connot be employed, I use a turnstile the arms of which ase
successively placed across the opening and allowed to fall out of the way
by means of cam surfaces acting by the rotation of the turnstile, or
instead of a turnstile I employ a swing gate connected by suitable
mechanism with a second gate (which may be adapted to slide or swing)
in such manner as to cause it to act in conjunction with it so as to bar
the way to a following passenger until the first has passed.
Whether the turnstile or swing gate be employed I prefer to connect
it with the registering mechanism by means of pneumatic actuating
apparatus; but mechanical, electric, or other suitable actuating apparatus
may be employed for that purpose.
The registering mechanism consists of a dial face in which are
openings arranged in a peculiar manner in reference to the various
starting and stopping stations on the route. Behind these openings are
adapted suitable counting apparatus set in motion by the aforesaid
pneumatic or other actuating apparatus in connection with the turnstile
or swing gate. These counting apparatuses exhibit through the appro-
priate openings in the dial face the numbers of passengers that have
entered or left the vehicle at or between the several stations.
Instead of the dial face with openings I sometimes employ revolving
indices moved by similar actuating apparatus, and furnished with
graduated and numbered scales for showing the numbers of persons
entering or alighting, and in other cases or conjointly with either of the
registering means above mentioned I effect the registration by the action
of a pricker, point, or pencil upon a moveable sheet of paper. Whichever
modification is adopted I prefer to arrange it in the peculiar manner by
which I distinguish the numbers entering or leaving the vehicle at or
between any of the several stations.

page_text: In order to secure the effects above referred to, certain changes,
corresponding to the various stations on the route have to be effected
in appropriate parts of the registering apparatus, in order to bring the
actuating mechanism of the turnstile or swing gate in unison with the
proper part of the registering apparatus, according with the part of the
route the vehicle may be on at any time. To effect these changes
I employ what I call a governing apparatus in connection with the
registering mechanism, which automatically governing apparatus may be
connected by worm wheels or otherwise to one of the axles or other
revolving part of the vehicle, in such manner that the revolutions of the
wheels during the passage from station to station shall operate upon the
governing apparatus, and effect the desired change just before the vehicle
arrives at a station.
I sometimes effect this change in the registering apparatus by a pro-
jection thrown up in the rail or road (in the case of tramways) by the
passage of the car, tlie projection acting upon a rod or some pendant
instrument in connection with and moving the governing apparatus.
Sometimes and especially in the case of omnibuses I adapt the before-
mentioned governing apparatus so that instead of being moved
automatically by the motion of the vehicle, it is moved by the conductor
at or near each station, the mechanism being so arranged, as for example,
by means of a clock spring, wheelwork, and escapement in connection
with an index and arbor, that the conductor cannot move the governing
apparatus more than one step corresponding to one station at a time, and
if he fails to do so at the proper time the registering apparatus registers
unfavourably for or against him.
A modification of this latter apparatus is also applicable for checking
the number of times the conductor passes through the turnstile himself
to collect fares or for other purposes, thus determining the number to be
placed to his credit on that account, or to be deducted from the total
number of entrances registered by the turnstiles.
In Sheet 1 Figures 1 and 1* illustrate one arrangement of turnstile
I employ when the space in which it is to operate is too contracted to
admit of an ordinary four-armed turnstile being used. A is a central
hollow stationary standard, to which is cast or fixed the cam B. The
rod C passes through this hollow standard, and forms the revolving
centre of the turnstile, being connected at the bottom with the registering

page_text: apparatus, or with mechanism in connection therewith, to be hereafter
explained; D is a cross fixed to the rod, and having hinged to its
branches the arms E, E', E', and E³. The cam is so shaped and placed
on the standard that as the rod C revolves, the arms which revolve with
it are successively raised into and supported by it in the horizontal
position whilst standing across the doorway or other opening, but when
the bar E is rotated one-quarter of a revolution in either direction
from the position shown, it will have fallen or closed down into the
position shown at E or E³, the next arm in succession being raised up
into the horizontal position by the action upon it as it revolves of the
cam.
If preferred, a second cam surface B¹ may be fixed to the standard;
and a second set of arms F, F1, F2, F₂, jointed to the loose cross D', and
to the first-mentioned arms in the manner of a parallel ruler, by which
means the barrier when extended across the opening has more nearly the
appearance and character of the arm of an ordinary turnstile. It will be
seen that the space required for such a turnstile is much less than for an
ordinary one.
Figures 2, 3, and 4 illustrate an arrangement of swing gate connected
to and acting in conjunction with a slide gate, which arrangement I find
suitable in some cases where it is not convenient to have the raising and
falling arms described in reference to Figures 1 and 2, as, for example,
in tram cars.
G is the swing gate or bar which in its normal position
stands across the opening or entrance; H is the slide gate working in
conjunction with the swing gate; its normal position is behind the swing
gate, and it is operated by the motion of the latter. The slide gate may
be arranged to slide horizontally out behind the person entering or
leaving as he pushes the swing gate before him, but I prefer to make the
slide gate oscillate on a centre pin I, motion being given to it in the
following manner:-To a convenient part of the swing gate standard a
cam, or if preferred, two lever arms J, J, is or are attached. Two chains
K, K, are fastened one on each side of the standard, either to the cam
or levers, the other ends being fastened to the standard of the slide gate
in such manner that when the swing gate is turned in either direction
the slide gate is pulled forward across the entrance so as to bar the way
to another person until the swing gate is returned to its normal position,
an effect obtained by a spring L attached to the back of the slido gate
standard or to a tail piece on its own standard, as shown at M. By this

page_text: arrangement one or other of the gates will always be across the entrance
after a passenger has passed.
In order to prevent the slide gate from striking the passing passenger;
which may take place when it is caused to vibrate in a plane parallel to
that of the normal position of the swing gate, I cause the slide gate to
move out at an angle behind the passenger, and then to close up after
him. The first of these movements I effect by making the slide gate
standard N to swivel slightly in a socket O by means of the chains
K, K, above described, which for that purpose are made to wind round
the standard N so as to turn the slide gate outwards to the angle
required to pass behind the passenger before it vibrates outwards. The
second of these movements I effect by means of a guide piece P project-
ing from the standard of the swing gate, so shaped and acting upon the
pin Q on the slide gate standard as to cause the latter to swivel in its
socket in the direction opposite to that effected by the chain K, K, thus
closing up behind and following the passenger as he continues to turn
the swing gate G. In order that the same effects shall obtain which-
ever way the swing gate is turned the slide gate socket is caused to slide
on the centre pin I by the action of the chains K, K, or guide piece P,
as the swing gate turns so that the slide gate shall always vibrate out on
that side of the swing gate from which the passenger is passing.
The guide piece P may be so shaped as to effect the sliding out of the
slide gate instead of employing the chains, but I prefer to use the latter
means for that purpose.
To prevent passengers entering or leaving without being registered by
passing in between the swing gate and slide gate as another person
passes the reverse way the pins R, R, on the slide gate socket fall into
the holes S, S, when the slide gate is drawn forward, whereby it is locked
in position until the swing gate shall have closed again sufficiently to
slide the socket far enough towards the centre of its fulcrum to disengage
the pin from the hole, which will not take place until the swing gate
has nearly resumed its normal position, and therefore will be too close to
the swing gate to admit of the presence of a person between them..
The swing gate may, if desired, be caused to fall back when pushed in
either direction in a manner somewhat similar to the slide gate. Or the
swing gate arm may be shortened when pushed either way by being
made telescopic, such shortening being effected by a chain attached to

page_text: these means still less space may sometimes be made to suffice for the
turnstile arrangements.
When convenient I prefer to apply a registering apparatus direct to
the turnstile or swing gate for the purpose of registering the number of
persons entering or leaving the car or carriage. Figures 5 and 6
illustrate a registering apparatus applicable to a turnstile capable of
revolving continuously backwards or forwards, whether it be an ordinary
turnstile or a folding one, such as described in reference to Figures 1 and
2, the mechanism being so arranged as to register both the entrances
and exits. A represents the axis of the turnstile, upon which is a
notched disc B having a double series of four fingers C, C, C¹, and C¹
fastened thereto, the series of fingers C, C," are all disposed in one upper
plane, the series of fingers C₁, C³, are all in one lower plane, so that
the series C, C, in revolving in the direction of the plain arrow
operate upon the bell-crank lever D and the series C¹, C', when revolving
in the opposite direction operate upon the bell-crank lever D', these bell-
crank levers are fitted with triggers E and E', which enable the fingers
to pass their corresponding lever when revolving in one direction without
acting upon it. The bell-crank levers are provided with pricker points
F and F¹, which puncture a strip of paper G traversed by the reels
H, H', against an elastic surface I by a step-by-step motion in the
following manner:-J is a spur wheel sector free to revolve on the pin
K. L is a sector gearing with the spur sector J and having an arm I,
which is held against the notched disc B by a spring M, a click on the
spur sector J takes into a ratchet wheel on the reel H³, which is
prevented from turning too easily by a spring N which bears against it.
It will now be understood that whenever the turnstile makes a quarter
revolution in either direction the sector L is moved by the disc B, and
the spur sector J is rotated, and with it the click, one or more teeth of
the ratchet being thus taken up when the arm L' drops into the recess
or notch on the disc B, the spring M draws the sector L back, and the
reel is moved round by the click a step, the paper being then wound on
to the reel H¹ off the reel H by so much. The same quarter revolution
of the turnstile will, however, have caused one of the fingers C or C¹ to
press upon one of the levers D or D', so as to cause the pricker to make
a puncture on the paper strip indicating the entrance or exit of a
passenger, the entrances being shown by one row of punctures the exits

page_text: upon.
When the swing gate is employed one finger only is necessary to
operate both pricker levers, which are then to be arranged, one each
side of such finger, and so centred that its motion to either side will
operate one or other of such pricker levers.
Figures 7, 8, and 9 illustrate another arrangement of apparatus in which
instead of the turnstile acting directly upon the indicating mechanism
it is made to compress an air bag or other suitable air compressing
instrument a from which an air pipe is led to the shell of the plug
valve b, the turnstile centre c passes through this plug valve and gives
motion to it when a passenger enters. A cam d on the turnstile centre
acts when the turnstile is moved either way through a lever e or directly
upon the air-compressing instrument a, forcing a current of air through
the pipe f, which finds its way by the passage g or g' in the plug valve,
according as the latter is turned to the right or left, either into the
pipe or, the former leading to a small air chamber in the
registering instrument for operating the pricker j, indicating, say, the
entrances, the latter leading to another small air chamber ¹ for operating
the pricker indicating, say, the exits. The method of operating the
pricker levers by the small air chambers will be readily understood
without further description.
.
It will be seen that when desired the registering apparatus may
according to this plan be placed at some distance from the turnstile, and
its pneumatic actuating apparatus being merely connected therewith by
the air tubes h and h¹.
In Sheet 2, Figures 13, 14, & 15, show another form of registering
apparatus adapted to be placed at some distance from the turnstile. In
this apparatus the small air chambers a, a, a, actuate appropriate small
counters b, b, b, in which the numbers are marked on strips of tape wound
step by step from one bobbin to another, the numbers being visible
through as they pass behind openings in the dial face. The small air
chambers are actuated by the air-compressing instrument in connection
with the turnstile, as explained in reference to Figures 7, 8, & 9.
The small counters can readily be set to zero at starting by means of
the milled flange 61 on one of the tape rollers.

page_text: It will be casily understood that revolving indices with graduated and
numbered scales might be used instead of the counters, but I have not
thought it necessary to illustrate such an arrangement.
I have above described means by which the numbers entering and
leaving a vehicle may be registered, but in cases where there are several
stations on a line of route with various fares payable for the various
distances on it, it becomes necessary to register the numbers entering or
leaving during the passage over each section of the road. I effect this
by governing apparatus which I will now proceed to describe.
In Sheet 2, Figures 16 and 17, A shows a worm wheel fixed on one
of the car axles B; C, C, worm and tooth gearing communicating
motion therefrom to the revolving toothed plate D, on both sides of
which are formed or fixed studs or projections E, E, & E¹, E¹. This
plate is so geared as to revolve exactly once or a certain part of a
revolution, whilst the vehicle traverses the length of the whole journey;
the studs E¹, E¹, are placed in the arc of a circle on the plate at
distances apart proportionate to the whole are rotated by the plate and
to the distances of the several stations along the route; those on one
side of the plate corresponding to the stations at which fares commence,
and those on the other side with the stations at which fares end, in
other words, one side governs the points of entrance, the other side the
points of exit. As the plate D revolves the studs E', E', upon one side
act successively upon a corresponding lever F¹ centred upon an axis G,
and connected by a pawl, ratchet, and toothed wheels, with a plug
valve H. Every time a stud on the plate having depressed the lever
slips past its point, the spring I restores the lever to its normal position,
and the pawl causes the plug valve to make a partial revolution.
The
plug valve has a groove J¹ formed in it, with which one of the pipes K¹
leading from the air-compressing instrument, described in reference to
Figure 9 (say that corresponding with the entrance movements of the
turnstile), is in communication. Pipes L', L', corresponding in number
to the stations on the route, opened at one end into the shell of the plug
valve, and at the other end communicate with the small air chambers in
the registering apparatus, Figures 14 and 15. A passage M' in the plug
valve places each of these pipes by the groove J₁ successively in com-
munication with the pipe K' from the turnstilc.
When a pricker
registering apparatus, such as that shown in Figures 7, 8, and 9, is
employed in connection with this governing apparatus an air-compressing

page_text: instrument N is connected to and operated by the lever F. When this
lever is liberated by a stud on the plates the air is compressed therein
and forced therefrom by the pipe O into the plug valve instead of from
the turnstile as before-described; from the plug valve it is distributed to
one or other of the small air chambers or in the same manner as
described in reference to Figure 7, 8, & 9, the stations being indicated
by the special form or position of the pricker j³, & j³, connected to such
small air chamber. Hence as a car approaches a station a stud on the
plate liberates the lever F¹, and the plug valve is turned so as to open
communication between the pipe K¹ from the turnstile, and the pipe
leading to the particular air chamber in the registering apparatus
corresponding to the station arrived at, shutting off all the others. The
studs on the other side of the plate act upon another plug valve H
arranged with pipes, &c., K, L, in a similar manner for governing the
exit registering apparatus.
Referring now to the dial plate in Figure 13, which is arranged as an
example, it will be understood that all passengers getting in between
Westminster and Horns, Kennington, are registered at the opening
marked Westminster; those that have got out within that distance are
registered at the opening marked Kensington Church. At the last named
station the "exit governing apparatus" will have changed the plug
valve so as to register future exits at the opening marked Brixton, that
being the next exit station. Before arriving at Kennington Church
however the Horns, Kennington, had been reached, and here a new fare
commenced; the "entrances governing apparatus" therefore changed
at that place, so as to stop the entrance registering at the Westminster
opening, and transfer it to that marked Horns, Kennington, at which
all persons entering between that place and Brixton will be registered.
The dial shows that ten have been registered as entering between
Westminster and the Horns, Kennington, and that twelve have
entered between the Horns, Kennington, and Brixton, that four have
alighted between Westminster and Kennington Church, and eighteen
between that point and Brixton. The sum of the exits being equal to
the sum of the entrances shows the vehicle is empty, and from these
registrations it is easy to calculate the exact amount of the fares taken.
Figure 18 shows another form of governing apparatus, which is
operated by a projection thrown up from the rail by the wheel tread as the

page_text: car passes over it, catching a pendant lever which presses a piston into a
cylinder, compressing air therein, and forcing it through a pipe so as to
expand an air chamber N in the registering apparatus, see Figure 5,
which expansion of the air moves the sector L through a larger arc,
and the paper is thereby moved a greater distance than is given by the
turnstile. A space between the sets of punctures is thus produced
indicating a station. Instead of imparting extra movement to the paper
the air vessel in the register may be made to rotate a revolving pricker,
having points at various heights round it, these various heights repre-
senting the stations, or it may be made to operate a pricker forming
punctures of a special form for the same purpose as shown in Figure 7.
Figure 19 shows a similar arrangement, but in which a pendant lever
carrying a roller at its lower end rides over a part of the road which is
crowned so as to lift it up, and so operate the air cylinder, or move
suitable mechanical devices to effect the necessary changes.
In Sheet 1, Figures 10, 11, 12, show how the governing apparatus
may be adapted so that instead of being moved automatically it may be
moved by the conductor. A is an arbor, on which is a clock spring B,
which sets in motion the clock train C, C1, C2, regulated by an escape-
ment or flyer; D, is a plate moved by the train upon which are
arranged the studs F, F, corresponding to the stations in a manner
similar to that described in reference to Figures 16 and 17 on the under
side of the dial plate, and loose on the arbor A is a crown ratchet wheel G,
the teeth of which are proportioned to the distances between the studs
on the plate. A lever H, fixed on the arbor is capable of being turned
only between the stops I and I, which is little more than sufficient to
admit of the spring catch J on the lever taking up one tooth at a time
of the crown ratchet.
The conductor on arriving at a station turns the arbor A by the
handle K, so as to wind up the spring, but he can only do so to the
extent of one tooth of the crown ratchet wheel. This will enable the
clock to run during the time the car is passing from one station to
another, a stud on the plate being brought round as the plate revolves,
so as to move just as the car approaches a station a lever L, which
compresses an air chamber M, or moves other mechanism, so as to

page_text: ratchet wheel G carries an index which shows on a dial, see Figure 12,
the stations between which the car is travelling.
.
A modification of this apparatus is also applicable, as before mentioned,
for checking the number of times the conductor passes the turnstile him-
self for
any purpose. The clockwork in this case is arranged to run a
definite time, say ten minues, the crown ratchet teeth being equal for
that purpose. The conductor on passing the turnstile must wind it up
to the required extent by means of a key. The ratchet in revolving one
tooth moves an index one division on a dial plate, and the conductor
cannot again wind up the clock train until it has run the prescribed
time. This apparatus must be placed so that the conductor must pass
the turnstile to get at it. Instead of clockwork an air chamber with a
valve may be employed, the conductor having to compress the air therein
to a certain extent, or his action would not be registered. The escape of
the air through the valve can be regulated to take place in a certain 1
time. The neglect of the conductor to set the governing apparatus, or
the check on his own entrances, would tell against him, and thus incite
him to attend to both or either.
I have only illustrated pneumatic and mechanical means for effecting
the registration and governing effects, but, as I have before stated, 2
electric or other suitable means may be employed for that purpose.
.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention and the
manner in which the same is to or may be performed, I would have it
understood that what I claim as my Invention is,-
First. The general arrangements and combinations of apparatus for 2
registering and checking the numbers of entries and exits, constructed
and applied substantially as described and illustrated.
Second. The combination of a swing gate, with a sliding or vibrating
gate arranged and operating in relation to each other, substantially in
the various manners described and shown, and for the purpose set 3
forth.
Third. The means of distinguishing the numbers of entries and exits
registered between any two points or stations from those registered
between other two points or stations, as described and illustrated.
Fourth. The various arrangements of changing or governing appa- 3
ratus for producing the before named distinguishing effects in the

page_text: In witness whereof, I, the said Marshall Arthur Wier, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of July, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
three.
MARSHALL ARTHUR WIER. (L.S.)