IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OP WHITE OXIDE OF ZINC."
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Kennedy Geyelin, of Camden Town,
in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OP WHITE OXIDE OF ZINC."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Kennedy
Geyelin at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 26th April 1853.
I, GEORGE KENNEDY GEYELIN, of Camden Town, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WHITE OXIDE OF ZINC" to be as
follows:-
The improvements relate, first, to the form of the retorts used, and
consists in making them shallow in proportion to their width, say in
depth about their breadth, or less, and with flat or comparatively
flat bottoms, so as to expose a greater surface of metal to the direct
action of the heat, and thus accellerate sublimation, and prevent large
quantities of residue.

page_text: Secondly, to the arrangement of the retorts in the furnace, and con-
sists in placing them in contact, side by side, in series forming, when
combined, shelves, under and over which, or over and under which, the
flame and heated particles pass, in place of passing around each retort
separately; also, to so setting them that, by the removal of a portion of
an enclosing wall, any one or more may be drawn out and replaced
when required.
Thirdly, to admitting jets of steam or vapours into the retorts during
the oxidation.
Fourthly, to means of feeding the fuel to the furnaces used in com-
bination with the above.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance-of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Kennedy Geyelin in the Great Seal
Patent Office, on the 26th October 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
GEORGE KENNEDY GEYELIN, of Camden Town, in County of Middlesex,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of April, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said George Kennedy Geyelin, Her special
licence that I, the said George Kennedy Geyelin, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said George Kennedy
Geyelin, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WHITE OXIDE OF ZINC," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said George Kennedy
Geyelin, by an instrument in writing under my hand and scal, should

page_text: particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Kennedy Geyelin, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof (that is to say):
My improvements relate, first, to a novel form of retort used in the
process of sublimation of zinc, for the purpose of obtaining the white
oxide:
Secondly, the Invention relates to the arrangement of retorts used in
the production of the white oxide of zine:
Thirdly, the Invention relates to admitting jets of steam or vapours
into the retorts, to facilitate the oxidation: And,
Fourthly, the Invention relates to means for supplying the fuel to
furnaces used when producing the white oxide of zine.
But that the nature of the Invention, and the means of carrying the
same into effect, may be fully understood, I will proceed to explain
the means pursued by me.
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Kennedy Geyelin, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof (that is to say):
My improvements relate, first, to a novel form of retort used in the
process of sublimation of zinc, for the purpose of obtaining the white
oxide:
Secondly, the Invention relates to the arrangement of retorts used in
the production of the white oxide of zine:
Thirdly, the Invention relates to admitting jets of steam or vapours
into the retorts, to facilitate the oxidation: And,
Fourthly, the Invention relates to means for supplying the fuel to
furnaces used when producing the white oxide of zinc.
But that the nature of the Invention, and the means of carrying the
same into effect, may be fully understood, I will proceed to explain
the means pursued by me.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1, shows a perspective view of a retort, arranged according
to the first part of the Invention, which consists in forming them
shallow, (that is, from a, to b) in proportion to their width, (or from
c, to d.) say in depth (from a, to b,) about one half their breadth, (from
c, to d.) or less, and with flat or comparatively flat bottoms, the object
being to expose a large surface of metal in the retort to the direct
action of the heat, and thus to accelerate sublimation, and prevent, as
much as possible, large quantities of residue. Figures 2, 3, and 4,
chow a longitudinal saation. transverse section and a sectional plan
Figure 1, shows a perspective view of a retort, arranged according
to the first part of the Invention, which consists in forming them
shallow, (that is, from a, to b,) in proportion to their width, (or from
c, to d.) say in depth (from a, to b,) about one half their breadth, (from
c, to d,) or less, and with flat or comparatively flat bottoms, the object
being to expose a large surface of metal in the retort to the direct
action of the heat, and thus to accelerate sublimation, and prevent, as
much as possible, large quantities of residue. Figures 2, 3, and 4,
show a longitudinal section, a transverse section, and a sectional plan
of a series of such retorts, set according to the second part of the In-
vention. In these figures, e, e, are the retorts; and although I have

page_text: shown only four, other numbers in the series may be employed; and
they are placed in contact, so that the heat and products of combustion
from the fire-place f, cannot pass up between the retorts, but must pass
first along their under surface, and then over their upper surface,
thence away by the flue g. In place, however, of only one series of
retorts in contact being used, forming one shelf, under and over which
the flame and heated particles pass, there may be several such shelves
of retorts, so arranged that the flame and heated particles may play
under and over them. Or the retorts may be so arranged that the
flame and heated particles may first play on the upper surface thereof,
and then upon the under surface. k, is a pipe, one to each retort, for
the purpose of admitting steam or vapour thereto, according to the
third part of the Invention. If the vapour of water be used, the heat
of the furnace will cause a decomposition of the particles of water and
the hydrogen being separated therefrom will increase the flame, while
the oxygen will combine with the vapour of zinc to facilitate the forma-
tion of the white oxide. I do not, however, confine myself to the use
of the steam or vapour of water, as the vapour of other inatters, as the
oxide of manganese or barytes, which, when heated, freely give off
oxygen, may be employed. The retorts are set with their open end e¹,
opening each to a chamber h, where the oxide of zinc is condensed and
collected by means of funnels either of canvass, iron, or other material.
In arranging the furnace for heating the retorts used in the manu-
facture of the white oxide of zinc, it is important that the fire should be
checked as little as possible by the feeding of fresh cold fuel; and the
fourth part of iny Invention consists in forming furnaces used in the
manufacture of the white oxide of zinc with a charge chamber i, to
receive the next charge of fuel to the furnace, and which charge, by
resting upon the sliding plate it, becomes heated; and, when required,
the charge is allowed to fall into the fire-place by withdrawing the
sliding plate i¹. j, are the furnace bars.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the
best means I am acquainted with for carrying the same into effect, I
would have it understood that I do not confine myself to the precise

page_text: arrangements shown and described, so long as the peculiar character of
any part of the Invention be retained.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Kennedy Geyelin, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of
October, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-three.
Witness,
GEO. K. GEYELIN. (L.S.)
WILLIAM BROOKES,
Patent Agent,
78, Chancery Lane.