IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN APPARATUS FOR INJECTING AND EJECTING FLUIDS
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Andrew Barclay, of Kilmarnock, in the County of
Ayr, North Britain, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CERTAIN APPARATUS FOR INJECTING AND EJECTING FLUIDS."
Sealed the 20th October 1864, and dated the 6th May 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Andrew Barclay at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
May 1864.
t
I, ANDREW BARCLAY, of Kilmarnock, in the County of Ayr, North Britain,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CERTAIN APPARATUS FOR INJECTING AND EJECTING FLUIDS," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in apparatus used or
employed for the purposes of injecting and ejecting fluids, and consists
chiefly in extending the annular nozzle used in instruments for injecting
liquids, through which the liquid passes to a much greater length than has
heretofore been accomplished, also in forming an annular passage beyond the
first-mentioned nozzle for the purpose of obtaining an annular of sheet of steam
or water after the steam has passed through this nozzle; by this arrangement
a far superior force, both for raising and also for forcing fluids generally is
'obtained.
Another improvement under this Invention involves the forming of
tapered or conical condenser, into which steam or other condensable vapour
admitted in such quantity as may be required for the purpose of injecting,

page_text: or ejecting fluids. In this arrangement the fluids either injected or ejected have
imparted to them the momentum of the fluid moving with the velocity of the
vapour used, rushing into a vacuum. In this apparatus the condensation
may be effected in any of the modes generally used for condensing steam or
other vapours.
The apparatus consists essentially of a hollow truncated cone terminating
in a nozzle placed inside a hollow cylindrical vessel, in which vessel the
condensing fluid is admitted, so that it condenses the injecting or cjecting fluid
or vapour, thereby producing a partial vacuum in the conical chamber; the
fluid to be injected or ejected is admitted through a suitable pipe or duct
connected to and passing through the side of the outer vessel into the conical
one, whence it is injected or ejected through the nozzle at its extremity,
passing thence to any place where it may be required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Andrew Barclay in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 5th
November 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ANDREW
BARCLAY, of Kilmarnock, in the County of Ayr, North Britain, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of May in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Andrew Barclay, Her special licence that I, the said Andrew
Barclay, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Andrew Barclay, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CERTAIN APPARATUS FOR INJECTING AND EJECTING FLUIDS," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said Andrew Barclay, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, or under
the hand and seal of one of them, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office

page_text: within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Andrew Barclay, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
My said Invention relates to certain improvements in apparatus used or
employed for the purposes of injecting and ejecting fluids, and consists
chiefly in extending the annular nozzle, used in instruments for injecting
liquids, through which the liquid passes to a much greater length than
has hitherto been accomplished, also in forming an annular passage beyond
the first-mentioned nozzle for the purpose of obtaining an annular sheet
of steam or water after the stream has passed through this nozzle; by this
arrangement a far superior force both for raising and also for forcing fluids
generally is obtained.
.
*Another improvement under this Invention involves the forming of a
tapered or conical condenser, into which steam or other condensable vapour
is admitted in such quantity as may be required for the purpose of injecting
or ejecting fluids. In this arrangement the fluids either injected or ejected
have imparted to them the momentum of the fluid, moving with the velocity
of the vapour used rushing into a vacuum. In this apparatus the condensa-
tion may be effected in any of the modes generally used for condensing steam
or other vapours.
The apparatus consists essentially of a hollow truncated cone terminating
in a nozzle placed inside a hollow cylindrical vessel, in which vessel the con-
densing fluid is admitted, so that it condenses the injecting or ejecting fluid or
vapour, thereby producing a partial vacuum in the conical chamber, the fluid
to be injected or ejected is admitted through a suitable pipe or duct connected
to and passing through the side of the outer vessel into the conical one, whence
it is injected or ejected through the nozzle at its extremity, passing thence
to any place where it may be required.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood I shall
now proceed to describe the several. Figures on the explanatory Sheet of
Drawings which I have hereunto appended for the purpose of showing
several modifications under which the same may be practically carried into
effect, that is to say :-
A very simple modification of this improved apparatus is shown in vertical
section in the annexed Sheet of Drawings, Figure 1. The cylindrical body.

page_text: of the apparatus may be all cast in a piece, but it is preferred to con-
struct it of three separate castings screwed or bolted together as shown in
Figure 1.
The steam in this modification enters by the branch pipe A, the water or
other fluid to be raised enters by the branch pipe B, and the overflow is formed
by the branch pipe C, cast on the lower part of the apparatus, as also the
flange D, which flange forms the connexion to the boiler or other receiver
through which the fluid to be injected passes. The steam nozzle E is screwed
into one end of the adjustable cylinder F, and is surrounded by an envelope
or casing G, leaving a free space between the outside of the nozzle E, and its
casing G; this space may be filled with any non-conducting substance, or it
may only contain the air enclosed in putting on the casing. The object of
surrounding the steam nozzle with any non-conductor of heat is to maintain
a high temperature of the steam until it reaches the exit from its nozzle E,
as priming is very injurious whilst forming the vacuum. The water or second
nozzle H in this modification is extended to a considerable distance beyond
the first or steam nozzle E, and becomes of an annular form by the introduc-
tion of the centre adjustable spindle I. The tapered form of this spindle I,
which when raised or lowered by turning the hand wheel. J increases or
diminishes the annular space to suit the pressure of steam employed, and the
height from which the water or other fluid has to be raised. At a short distance
from the aforesaid nozzle H a receiving nozzle or throat K is so placed
and adjusted by means of a self-acting valve L that when a greater or
less quantity of fluid is discharged from the second nozzle H the throat
accomodates itself accordingly. The adjustable cylinder F may be raised or
lowered by turning the hand wheel M through the introduction of a screw
formed on itself working in a nut formed in the upper part of the apparatus,
as shown at N, or any other convenient appliance to obtain a similar effect,
that is, the raising and lowering of the cylinder to suit the desired quantity of
fluid to be injected. A series of holes or slots is formed opposite the steam
branch A, through which the steam passes to the interior of the cylinder F,
as indicated by the arrow at O. To maintain a perfectly air-tight packing
between the steam branch A, and the nozzle chamber P, hemp or other
elastic substance is forced into the space Q, between the adjustable cylinder F
and the body of the apparatus by means of a gland R, which may either
be screwed into the body of the apparatus itself, or by studs or bolts through
flanges, as shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3. The cylindrical part of the gland
R, within the body of the apparatus, and where it passes the steam branch
A has a series of holes or slots so as to admit of a free passage of the steam

page_text: to the interior of the adjustable cylinder F, and may be screwed up so as to
compress the packing in the space Q without in an way obstructing the
steam passage.
When water or other liquid has to be raised about 20 or 25
feet it is very necessary that the lower packing Q should be perfectly air-
tight, and this can be accomplished at any time by screwing up the gland R,
shown in Figures 1 and 2. To prevent any passage or leak of steam within
and around the gland R, two small stuffing boxes with glands S and T,
at right angles to each other are screwed up by means of bolts or studs when
required. The adjustable spindle I is kept steam-tight by the stuffing box U.
The action of the apparatus may now be described as follows:-On steam
being admitted by the branch pipe A, it issues at the nozzle E, and on
meeting the angle of the second nozzle H, it is deflected towards the centre
spindle I, which again deflects it towards the nozzle H in a zig-zag form, as
indicated by the dotted lines in Figure 1; this zig-zag wave motion expells
the air from the nozzle chamber P, and the steam, forming as it were an
annular fluid piston, prevents any return through the nozzle H, so soon as the
vacuum is sufficient to raise the water or other fluid to be injected it rushes in
through the branch pipe B, and is expelled by the steam through the second
nozzle H, the water and steam together now forming the fluid piston in the
nozzle H. The water as yet may not have sufficient force to pass through the
throat K, it therefore gets an outlet by the overflow passage C. On turning
the hand wheels J and M, so as to give both more water and steam, the force
imparted to the water becomes sufficient to pass through the throat K, and enter
the boiler or other receiver. In starting the apparatus it is very essential that
the steam nozzle E should be very close to the second nozzle H when the
water has to be raised from a great depth such as 25 feet, but otherwise the
setting or adjusting of the apparatus is very similar to those now in use.
Another modification of packing the adjustable cylinder F is represented
in Figure 4. In this arrangement one gland R serves to screw up both the
packings Q and Q', and by merely using a loose ring or cylinder between
the two packings, one gland R serves to maintain the adjustable cylinder F
perfectly steam and air tight. Around the loose ring or cylinder V, and
through it are a series of holes or slots opposite the steam branch A, to admit
of the steam passing to the interior of the adjustable cylinder, in other respects
this modification is similar to that already described, the letters of reference
being the same in both Figures 1 and 4. Instead of admitting the steam' by
the branch pipe A, and the water by the branch pipe B, they may be reversed
as shown in Figure 5, where B is the steam branch, and A. the water branch.
In this modification the steam for the first impulse strikes against the centre

page_text: spindle I, and is deflected towards the nozzle H, as shown by the dotted lines
in Figure 5, otherwise the action and construction of the apparatus is similar
to those just described. The water passing through the nozzle E is expelled
through the nozzle H by the surrounding annulus of steam, and gains sufficient
force to pass through the throat K into the receiver, where water or other
fluids are required.
It will be observed from the foregoing description that water may be raised
from a great depth and fed into a steam boiler or other receiver direct by the
afore-mentioned apparatus.
At Figure 6 is shown in vertical section another modification of my
improved apparatus for injecting or ejecting fluids, and this arrangement I
consider to be one of the most important features of my present Invention.
The outer casing of the instrument has formed on it two water branches A
'and A', and one steam branch B. The use of and reason for employing the
two water branches A and A¹ will be herein-after more fully described.
Immediately on the inside of this outer casing there is fitted the gland C,
which presses upon the packing D, this pressure being continued further on
to the next ring of packing D by the introduction of the slotted metallic
collar E, the slots formed in which are for the purpose of enabling the water
admitted through or at the branch A to be carried in towards the central
part of the instrument. . Beneath the second ring of packing D₁ there is
placed another similarly formed metallic-ring E', with slots also formed in it
to enable the steam to be condensed into the annular steam' space F of the
apparatus, and this in turn acts or presses upon the lowest ring of packing
D2, the several rings of packing D, D', and D2, forming a suitable bed in
which the barrel G is capable of sliding to be adjusted as may be required.
The barrel G, it will be observed, forms the outer shell of the annular steam
space. Inside the barrel G is fitted the gland H, bearing upon the ring of
packing I, this again bears upon the slotted metallic ring J, below which is
situated another ring of packing I', these two rings of packing I and I', form
suitable beds, within which the barrel K, forming the inner annular watcr
space L is capable of being adjusted as herein-before referred to with respect
to the barrel G. Inside the barrel K there is situated the adjustable spindle M.
Both the spindle M and the barrel K are actuated by the hand wheels N
and N', in a similar way to that described in reference to Figures 1 and 4.
On more particularly referring to Figure 6 it will be observed that both of the
barrels G and K are mounted at their lower ends with nozzles O and O',
within which is contained the non-conducting substance, or it may be an
air-tight space, shown in black.

page_text: Having pointed out in detail the most important parts of this modification
of of my said Invention, I shall now proceed to show the distinctive features
and peculiarities of this arrangement to be as follows, that is to say; in this
modification there are two water inlets or branches A and A', in lieu of one
as used in the former modifications, whilst there is only one inlet for steam,
the two water branches A and A' being in direct communication with the
two annular nozzles. When it is desired to feed a fluid of a somewhat
elevated temperature, the warmed fluid is admitted through the branch A,
whence it travels or passes onwards to the central water space L, but since
the principle of the apparatus and its effectual working are chiefly dependent
upon the formation of a vacuum produced by the condensation of steam
admitted at the branch B, it is obvious that if the injected or ejected fluid be
of a very elevated temperature, it will act detrimentally upon the working of
the instrument by preventing so perfect a vacuum to be formed. To coun-
teract the production of this effect, and to secure the very effectual working
of the instrument prior to the admission of the heated fluid, a colder fluid, or
one possessed of a temperature sufficiently low to ensure the action being
effective is first admitted through the branch A', and this coming in contact
with the steam jet causes the latter to be speedily condensed, when the cold
water is impelled forward with a velocity corresponding to that of the pressure
of steam used, rushing from an orifice into the atmosphere, the impelled
water having a momentum equivalent to its own weight multiplied by the
velocity of the flow of the steam or other impelling fluid. So soon as the
action of the instrument is insured by the admission of the cold water and
steam, then the heated liquid is admitted, and it is as it were pulled forward
through the nozzle by the rushing action of the colder fluid.
A slight but important modification of this last described apparatus may be
effected by forming it without the water branch A, and substituting in lieu of
it a port or duct C, shown in dotted lines, Figure 6, extending upwards on
the exterior portion of the instrument in direct connection with a passage or
communication with the slotted rings E and J, through which the fluid passes
into the inner water space of the instrument. It must be borne in mind that
when the instrument.is formed in this last-mentioned manner it is to be used
for injecting or ejecting a fluid of a comparatively low temperature, in which
case there will be formed at the nozzle two annular jets of the injected or
ejected fluid with an annular jet of steam situated concentrically between
them, or instead of this two jets of steam with a jet of water intervening, and
these arrangements effect a much more perfect condensation of the steam
that when only a single jet of water is employed as in the former modifica-

page_text: tion, thus producing a more perfect action of the instrument. It will be
observed that the central spindle in this last modification is extended so as to
diminish the area of the injecting nozzle H. The screw U, in Figure 6, is
for the purpose of adjusting the position of the outer barrel K. The screw
is capable of revolving easily in the upper part of the outer casing of the
instrument, the screwed portion of it fits into a corresponding hole in the
bracket formed on the side of the barrel K, and it is actuated by means of a
winch handle or screw key made to fit on its upper end.
Another form of injecting or ejecting apparatus is shown in vertical sec-
tion at Figure 7, which consists simply of an outer casing A, into which a
current of cold water or other fluid of low temperature is admitted by the
branch B, and out of which it flows by the duct C. The use of these two
branches B and C is to provide the means to enable a continuous flow of
cold fluid around the conical nozzle D, into which steam is admitted and
condensed. When the condensation has taken place a continuous rush of
steam from the source of that fluid impinges upon the condensed portion and
causes it to be emitted from the nozzle with a momentum corresponding to
the amount of condensed steam multiplied into the velocity with which the
steam itself would rush into a vacuum.
Figure 8 is a modification of this last-named apparatus in which the whole
or a portion of the condensing fluid is ejected as well as the condensed
fluid itself, this result being effected by making the nozzle to terminate a
short distance within the vessel containing the condensing fluid.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same may be practically carried into effect, I would observe in
conclusion that I do not confine myself to the precise details herein specified
as many modifications thereof may be made without deviating from the true
principle of the Invention, but what I consider novel and original, and
therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part
recited Letters Patent is,-
First. The general construction and arrangement of apparatus with an
extended annular nozzle or nozzles for raising and forcing fluids generally as
herein-before described.
Second. The extension of the central spindle of the instrument into the
injecting nozzle so as to form an annular space therein, as well as to enlarge
or diminish the area of that space in the manner herein-before described.
Third. The use and application of an extended annular nozzle for raising
and forcing water or other liquid into steam boilers direct, as herein-before
described, or any mere modification thereof.

page_text: Fourth. The use of a fixed casing containing any non-conducting substance
between the steam and water nozzles, for the purpose and in the manner
herein-before described; or any mere modification thereof.
Fifth. The use of an adjustable air-tight packing between the steam and
water inlets, as herein-before described, or any mere modification thereof.
Sixth. The general arrangement and construction of apparatus for injecting
or ejecting fluids, in which two barrels are employed to form annular
jets of water and steam, which may be either two jets of water with a jet of
steam between them, or two jets of steam with a jet of water intervening as
herein-before described.
Seventh. The arrangement and construction of apparatus for either injecting
or ejecting a fluid of elevated temperature in combination with a colder fluid,
as herein-before described.
Eighth. The system or mode of injecting or ejecting fluids of different
temperatures in immediate contact with the steam nozzle as herein-before
described.
Ninth. The arrangement and construction of apparatus for injecting and
ejecting the condensed fluid without its being in contact with the condensing
fluid, as herein-before described, or any mere modification thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said Andrew Barclay, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourth day of November, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-four.
ANDREW BARCLAY. (L.S.)