CERTAIN NEW-CON- STRUCTED MACHINERY, TO BE APPLIED TO SPINNING MACHINES FOR THE PURPOSE OF CONDUCTING THE PROCESS OF SPINNING IN A MUCH MORE EXPEDITIOUS AND LESS EXPENSIVE MANNER THAN BY ANY MODE HITHERTO DISCOVERED
Year: 1792

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
KELLY, of Lanark, in North Britain, Cotton Spinner, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Fifteenth day of May, in the thirty-second year of His reign,
give and grant unto me, the said William Kelly, His especial licence that
the said William Kelly, during the term of years therein mentioned, should
and lawfully might use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and
the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN NEW-CON-
STRUCTED MACHINERY, TO BE APPLIED TO SPINNING MACHINES FOR THE PURPOSE
OF CONDUCTING THE PROCESS OF SPINNING IN A MUCH MORE EXPEDITIOUS AND LESS
EXPENSIVE MANNER THAN BY ANY MODE HITHERTO DISCOVERED;" in which said
Letters Patent there is contained a proviso obliging me, the said William
Kelly, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to cause a par-
ticular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within six calendar months after the date of the said recited Letters
Patent, as in and by the same (relation being thereunto had) will more fully
and at largo appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Kelly, do hereby declare that my said Invention is described in the
Plan and description thereof hereunto annexed, and in manner following, that
is to say:-
The Inventions and improvements are of such a nature as to enable those
machines, commonly known by the names of roving billies and slobbing and

page_text: common and mule jennies, used in preparing and spinning cotton, wool,
sheep's wool, flax, and other staple to be worked, both out and in, with a con-
tinued motion. The principle upon which this is done is by a method of
throwing off or getting quite of the twists, loops, or turns of the threads round
the points of the spindles during the time that the machine is going and the
spindles are in motion, which prevents the necessity of stopping or at all
reversing the motion after the threads are drawn out previous to running the
threads up again upon the spindles or bobbins, which has been the practice
hitherto. This accomplished by the Inventions of a small apparatus and a
bobbin applied to cach spindle, and a method of taking in the carriage and
filling or winding or putting up the threads upon bobbins, which, with the
other necessary contrivances, are represented in the Drawings, and described
as follows:-
Fig. 1st is a spindlo with the catch or pin P added, which may be fixed
either on it or through it.
Fig. 2d is a moveable socket of brass or any other convenient material,
which is called the locking or catch sockot, and which goes casy or loose
on the spindle. Upon the upper end C of the locking socket tho bobbin
rests; and at the under end X is a leg or legs, in other words, a catch or
pin or knee, called the catch leg, which acts upon the catch P fixed to the
spindle, and which may be either square-kneed or bent in a circular form.
The locking socket and catch on the spindle P, when spoken of together,
are called the locking or catch gear.
Fig. 3d is an empty bobbin, which goes casy or loose upon the upper part
of the spindle.
Fig. 4th is a spindle, with the catch P fixed to it, and the locking socket
upon it.
Fig. 5th is the spindle, with both the catch gear and empty bobbin upon
it, in the situation in which they appear when locked or in gear. The under
part of the bobbin rests upon the surface or upper part of the locking sockets S,
by the friction of which, running under the bobbin when the carriage is going
in, tho threads are wound upon the bobbins. When the carriage is coming
out, the bobbin and locking socket S goes round together.
Fig. 6th is a spindle and bobbin in the action of drawing or coming out. The
locking socket S is down in gear, or the leg or legs in action with the catch P
in the spindle. B is a bobbin with yarn upon it, through which the spindle passes
far enough to admit of several twists or turns of the thread round its point above
the upper end or top of the bobbin at b, which twists or loops give the yarn a
hold of the spindle sufficient to provent the draught from affecting the bobbin B.

page_text: This prevents the bobbin from giving off its yarn, and enables the spindle to
draw or stretch the thread when the carriage is coming out.
Fig. 7th represents the bobbin ready to wind or take up the threads imme-
diately before the running in of the carriage. After the carriage or threads are
fully out, and have received the proper quantity of twist, the locking socket S
is unlocked or raised out of the gear by the small lever 2, which is fixed to the
lever rail or fork rail, as in Figuro 9th, by which means the top of the bobbin B
is raised a little above the points of the spindles thereby thrown off, which the
guide 33 immediately takes down to C, or farther if necessary, and thereby
effectually clears the points of the spindles of the twists round them, and
necessary to the stretching or drawing the thread in coming out. This is done
at the moment of time previous to the running in of the carriage.
Fig. 8th is a spindle with the apparatus or gear a little different in the con-.
struction, but answers equally well and in every respect the same purposes as
the preceding ones. The socket S, in place of moving up and down, is fixed
upon the spindle by a pin through it, and the bobbin itself is raised by the small
lever 1, 1, which acts into the hollow or groove X in the bottom of the bobbin.
Fig. 9th is the lever rail or fork rail, which is placed immediately above
and along the top or upper part of the spindle board, as in Figuro 11th, with
a lever for every spindle, which may be either single as 1, 1, or forked as 2, 2,
or of any other form or shape that will conveniently act upon the under part
of the lip or flange of the catch socket S, as in Figure 7, or into the hollow
or groove in the bottom of the bobbin, as Figure 8th, so as to lift the bobbins
over the tops of the spindles.
Fig. 10th represents the thread guide; D, its shaft or handle; 88, its road
or wire, which directs the threads upon the bobbins in winding up; m; m, its
lever, which, being raised or lifted up at G, the fulerum being at n, lowers
the opposite side 83, and makes it act upon the threads in going in, so as to
fill the bobbin to any shape wanted; for G, at the end of the lever m, m, being
raised by the lever X, P, represented in Figures 11th, 18, and 14th; being
raised into the line of the inclined plane A, T; upon the inside of the machine,
Figure 13, continues to rise as it passes along the inclined plain A to T, which
consequently lowers the opposite side of the guide, which directs the threads
in their winding up. The part G having travelled up the inclined plain A, T,
to T, in Figure 13, then goes down the inclined plain T, r; to r, in Figure 13;
by this means raising the opposite side of the guide till the thread, by the time
the carriage is fully in, has got up again to the point of the spindle; when, by
the end of the lever G dropping off the end of the inclined plain down to I, o,
the guide is again brought back to the position in which it lays when not in

page_text: action, and the wholo apparatus gets into a proper situation for again drawing
ont a new set of threads, as will be more fully explained hereafter.
Fig. 11 represents the spindle board or upper part of the spindle frame,
with the fork rail above it, and the thread guide joined to it. d, d, d, is the
spindle board; tho fork rail, with some of its forks 2, 2, 2, or levers 1, 1, 1,
represented, and which go along the whole length of the spindle frame,
answering to the number of spindles in the machine, and which forks or lovers
aro placed immediately under the cup or lip or flange of the catch socket S, as
represented by 2, in Figure 7th, or into the hollow or groove in the bottom of
the bobbin, ns in Figure 8th, fixed to the end of the lever or fork rail; and
next to the working side of the jenny is the lever L, which is lifted up
every time the carriage is out by the pin or stud in the lever X, P, which
works upon the side of the jenny in Figure 13, by means of which the bobbins
are raised to throw the twists off the points of the spindles previous to running
in. The lever I may be placed either in a horizontal or vertical situation, or
any way most convenient for elevating the levers, which raises the bobbins.
D is the shaft of the folder or thread guide, as in Figure 10th, which is fixed
upon the outside of the spindles in the usual way, with the contrivance or in-
vention of the lever m, m, upon the end of which, opposite to the side that acts
upon the threads, is the friction roller G, which is also raised at the same
moment of time with the lover L in fork rail, and by means of the same
lever X, P, which works upon the side of the jenny, Figuro 18.,, is a
wire stretched betwixt two stays, and lies under the threads along the inside of
the spindles, which serves both for guiding the threads that break up to the
points of the spindle, and also rises up above the tops of the spindles in a
vertical direction at the moment of time the bobbins are raised, and takes
up the slack or twists that are thrown off the points of the spindles, which
prevents doubling or snarling. It is put down again under the points of the
spindles by the thread guide passing down above it in the time that the carriage
is going in, where it remains, being kept down by a catch or any, other con-
trivance till the carriage comes out and the bobbins again raised.
Fig. 12 represents the outside of the front or edge of the spindle frame.
S, S, S, are the catch sockets; B, B, B, the bobbins; P, P, P, the spindle
catches; H, H, H, the small pullies or wharves upon the spindles; 38, the
rod or wiro of the thread guido; m, m, its lever; and G, the friction roller on
the side of the fulcrum n, opposito to the rod 33, which guides the threads, so
that G, when raised and moved upwards, lowers the rod 33 over the points of
the spindles, and moves it downwards upon the inside of the bobbins.
Fig. 18th represents the working side of the jenny. V, V, is the big wheel

page_text: that drives the spindles; H, the pully that takes in the carriage (see the same
in Figure 15th and 16th), and is placed upon the axis of the big wheel,
betwixt the big wheel V, V, and face wheel F, in Fig. 15th and 16th. Upon
the inside of the frame or post E is a train of wheels O, M, P, and R, drove
from the axis of the big wheel, upon which the pinion O is fixed, the teeth of
which pitches into or acts in the teeth of the wheel M, to which the pinion P is
coupled or fastened, so as to turn round together upon a stud fixed in the
post E; and the pinion P pitches into and turns tho wheel R, which goes
exactly once round for or in the time that the machine performs one revolution
or one draught of the threads out and in. The number of teeth in these
wheels are calculated according to the size or grist of the yarn, or, in other
words, to the quantity of twist or number of times the big wheel V, V, is to
go round for one draught or revolution of the jenny, so that the wheel R shall
make one revolution in the same time. The twist may be altered with
propriety from 10 to 15 hanks or numbers in the lib, more or less, according
to the fineness or coarseness of the yarn, by altering the diameter of the pully
of the tin roller that drives the spindles, or by altering the diameters of the
small pullies or wharves upon the spindles, but should be calculated to the
average size or grist of the yarn that the machine is intended to spin; that is,
to the number of hanks to be spun in the pound of staple. This may be done
either by a train of wheels, as in the Drawing, or by a train of pullies, or by
one pinion and one wheel, or by a screw and a wheel, or by any other calcu-
lation that will give one revolution for one revolution of the machine; that is,
one revolution in the time of one draught of the threads out and in, in order
that thereby the bobbins may be raised to clear the points of the spindles of
the twists or loops, and the guide taken down or lowered over the top of the
bobbins previous to unlocking the pully that takes the carriage in, which is
done as follows:-A, T, as has been already noticed, is an inclined plane, and
is fixed to the side of the frame of the jenny. X, P, is a lever of the samic
thickness, the fulerum of which is at X, and is lifted up by the iron lever K, N,
to which it is attached by a cord, rod, or chain 8, 8. When the carriage is
coming out of the end P of the lever, X, P, is down at v; and, when fully out,
the ends of the lever L in fork rail, and G in thread guide, are both back on
the lever X, P, say at E; when, by means of the stud or pin at o, in the
count wheel R coming about and pressing the end K of the lever K, N,
the opposite end of which lifts up the lever X, P, from v to u, so as to bring
its upper edge or side into a line with the inclined plane A, T, by which
means the friction roller G on the end of the lever m, m, of the thread
guide is raised from E, to G, upon the upper edge of the inclined plane, which
consequently lowers the other end of the lever m, m, and brings down the

page_text: rod 98, of the guide, over tho points of the bobbins to C, as in Fig. 7th;
also, at the same time that the guide is going down over the points of the
spindles, the bobbins are raised up by means of the pin or stud P, in the end
of the lever X, P, lifting the lever L, fixed to the end of the fork rail, which
being upon the same sido of tho fulcrum with the lovers or forks, also raises
or clovates them at the outer end, and so raises the bobbins, which then throws
the twists, twinings or loops off the points of the spindles. Immediately whon
that is done, and at the moment of time that the end P of the lever X, P, is
raised into a line with the inclined plano A, T, the end K, of the lever K, N,
pressing down the catch lover q, y, at the end y, unlocks the crank c, e, shown
in Fig. 15th and 16th and 17th, which lets the pully into gear with the
catches upon the side of the big wheel V, V, and takes the carriage in. When
the carriage has moved a little inward, the end of lever L, of fork rail, by
which the bobbins are raised, drops off the pin or stud P in end of the lever
X, P, (see Figure 11th and 17th,) and consequently the catch gear or locking
socket S drops into gear again, as in Figure 7th, or the bottom of the bobbin
as in Figure 8th, down upon the cup of the socket S, the friction of which,
running along with the spindles, under the bottom of the bobbins, takes or
winds up the threads upon the bobbins. In the mean time the friction roller
G of the lever m, m, of thread guide, passes up the inclined plane A, T,
to the top at T, which lowers the rod of the thread guide, and directs the
threads down to the bottom of the bobbins; and as the friction roller G
proceeds down the inclined plane from T to r, the threads again return upwards,
and when the carriage is fully in, the part G of the lever m, m, drops off
the inclined plane down to I, o, and the rod 33 which acts upon the threads
thereby passes from the inside of the spindles to the outside again, when
the spindles immediately resume their twists, twinings, or loops round their
points necessary in going out to prevent the yarn being drawn off, and to
onable the spindle to stretch the threads. The way in which the friction
roller G of the thread guido is raised by the lover X, P, so as to lower the rod
33 that directs tho threads in winding up, and the way in which the lever
I of the fork rail is raised by the stud P in the lever X, P, so as to raiso
the levers 1, 1, or forks 2, 2, fixed in the fork rail which raises up the bobbins
and throws off the loops or twists from the points of the spindles, as before
described, is further shewn in Figure 14th, which is a section, the black lines
of which give an end view of the spindle frame, and the situation in which
the lever X, P, joined to the sido of the machine, Figure 18th, by its fulcrum
X, the lever L, T, of fork rail, with the lever of the same, which lifts up
the bobbins, the lever m, m, of the guide, with its friction roller G, the
bobbin B and the locking socket S, under it, the thread 1, 2, and the lever

page_text: N, K, are in when the spindles are down and in gear, during the time the
threads are drawing out. The dotted lines shew the same part in the situation
into which they are put or raised at the moment of time previous to the
running in of the carriage, when the lover N, K, has been raised at N by the
stud or pin in the count wheel R, pressing down its other end at K. The
carringe comes out in the way at present generally practised, viz. by a pully
proportioned to the speed of the rollers and quantity of twist given to the
threads in time of drawing out, and is taken in again by the following new
contrivance, represented in Figure 15th, which is a view of the wheel-work
upon the working side of the machine or jenny. V is the big wheel, that
drives the roller and spindles, and is fast upon the axis K, K, which runs in
two steps or bushes ", r, upon the top of the posts E, E. Upon the outer
end of the axis is a pulley W, which is turned by the continued motion and
sets out and in of gear at pleasure by the levers a, b, and b, c, and the rod or
handle d, e. When the rod or handle is pulled to the inside of the machine,
that is towards d, the end c of the lever c, b, is moved in the same direction,
which consequently moves the end b, on the opposite side of the fulerum e, in
a contrary direction, and the lever c, b, being connected with the lever b, a, at
the end b, pushes the end 6 of the lever b, a, outward, and the fulerum being
at f, the end a is thereby thrown inward, so that the fork at the end a takes
in the pully W, till the catches 2, %, which are fixed in the pully, are in
action with the catches X, X, fixed upon the axis K, K, by which the whole
is set in motion. At the end of the rod or handle, thero is a gabb or notch n,
which when the handle d, c, is drawn inward to d to put the pully W into
gear, receives a pin or catch, of any fit form, that will prevent it from getting
back, which keeps the machine in motion, and may either remain in that
situation or by means of a pin fixed in or a lever connected with the count
whcel R, as in Figure 13th, which, coming round every draught of the threads,
may be lifted up over the notch or gabb, so as to fly or pass back and take
the pully W out of gear and stop the machine every draught of the threads,
either when the carriage is in or out, or at any stage of the draught, the
stop is set to or calculated for; I is a pully and socket S which moves casy
upon the axis K, K, betwixt the big wheel V and face wheel F. Upon the
side of the pully I next V, are a number of pins fixed, which work in gear
or action with the catches fixed on the side of the big wheel V, when the
carriage is going in, and stands back towards F, or out of gear or action with
the catches in the side of the big wheel, when the carriage is coming out and
twisting. From H there is a band goes round the pully I, Figure 13, and
turns both the pullys, I & K, being both on the same axis, I upon the
outside of rail or, frame, and K upon the inside. From K, there is another band

page_text: goes round M, both ends of which are fastened to the carriage, and when the
pully is in gear, takes or pulls the carriage in at any speed it may be
calculated for; and when the pully El is back out of gear, these pullies are all
at liberty. (Fig. 16th is a section or edge view of the wheel-work represented
in Fig. 15th, and the different parts are marked with the same letters of
reference). When the carriage is running in, the crank gear upon the upper
side or top of the rail or frame in Fig. 17th is unlocked, that is, the end of the
crank c, c, is clear of the notch or gabb of the catch lover 7, 3, and the two
ends have passed from and c, to f and d; consequently, the end of lever S,
which is connected with the crank by means of the rod R, has also passed
from a, its former station, to . When the carriage runs up, its inner side or edge
d strikes the lever S at , and puts it up to a; by which means the end of the
crank at is pushed back to o, and again locked into the gabb or notch of
the catch lever q, y, and the opposite end of the crank which stood at d is
thrown out to c, which consequently pushes out the end c of the forked lever
P, C, Figure 15th and 16th, which is counected with the crank at c, and the
fulcrum being at t puts back the upper end P, which consequently takes
back out of gear the pully H towards F, where it remains, being kept back
by the catch lever q, y, until the threads come out again and have received
the proper quantity of twist; when the stud or pin in the count wheel R
comes round again, and takes down the end K of the lever K, N, Fig. 18th,
which presses down the end of the catch lever 7, y, at y, which unlocks tho
crank c, c. Again, when the pully H, by means of a spiral or wire spring, or
a weight over a pully, acting upon the under part of the fork lever P, C, at
c, flies into gear with the catches in big wheel V, which immediately takes the
carriage in, and which again by its momentum or force in running up knocks
up the lever S from to a (on Fig. 17th), which puts back and locks tho
crank o, c, and throws the pully II (Fig. 15th and 16th) back out of gear, where
it continues till the count wheel R performs another revolution as before, at
the same time that the carriago is up and knocks out the gear that takes it in,
it puts in the common lock in catch gear that brings it out. But this part of
the movement being what is at present generally practised, needs no descrip-
tion. By means of the invention of the locking apparatus, or locking and
unlocking spindle, the continued motion will also apply to those machines in
which the slide or carriage comes out, and the spindles stand still, by finding
or calculating a pully or wheel or motion, as before described, that will give
or mako one revolution for every draught of the threads, by which the locking
or catch socket S may be raised up to throw the twists off the points of the
spindles, and the guide laid down over the points of the spindles or hobbins
provious to the running in of the slide, by the contrivances already noticed, or

page_text: by a modification of it. These machines will also spin equally well with a
continued motion with bobbins and flyers, as in Figure 18th and 19th, by
fixing the bobbin at the bottom to the cup or flange of the catch socket S by
two pins, or any other way by which the bobbins can be conveniently taken
off and on. The bobbin being fast to the catch socket, and the catch socket
down, or in gear, as in Figure 18th, goes round together with the spindle and
flyer; in which situation, the thread from the top of the bobbin, through the
eye of the flyer and guide wire y, is drawn or stretched in going out, and
previous to running in again, the catch socket S being lifted out of gear or
clear of the catch P in the spindle, the bobbin being fast to the locking or
socket S, are both drawn round by the thread through the eye of the flyer,
and the friction of the under part of the lip or flange of the catch socket, upon
the upper part of the lever of fork 2, winds or takes up the threads, which
are guided from top to bottom of the bobbins, as in Figure 19th, and back
again to the top, by making the fork or lever rail rise in a perpendicular
direction by means of the inclined plane Figure 18th.
The abovo is a particular description of the nature and use of these new
invented improvements in spinning machinery, by the application of which
all and every kind of these spinning machines, commonly called jennies, may
be spun by water, by steam, or by horses instead of manual labour only, which
has been the practice hitherto, and these improvements are applicable not only
to machines which may be made in future, but also to those at present in
use, which will be of great public utility.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Kelly, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord
Que thousand seven hundred and ninety-two.
aken and acknowledged, by the above-
named William Kelly, this Thirteenth
day of October, One thousand seven
hundred and ninety-two, at Braxfield,
before the Right Honourable Robert
M. Queen, of Braxfield, Lord Justice
Clerk.
WILLIAM KELLY. (L.S.)
ROBT M. QUEEN.