Improvements in the Means of Ventilating the Roofs of Stables, Cow- houses, or Shippons, and other like Buildings.
Year: 1897

page_text: Improvements in the Means of Ventilating the Roofs of Stables, Cow-
houses, or Shippons, and other like Buildings.
I, HARGREAVES GREEN, of Moss Side Farm, Milnrow, in the County of Lancaster,
Farmer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of my invention is to adapt or devise a means for the purpose of pre-
venting the ingress of cold air under the roofing of stables, cowhouses, shippons
or other like places, also at the same time for providing means for the escape of
foul air given off by cattle housed in such places or buildings.
According to my present construction I employ thin slabs or boards placed or
attached by suitable means to the rafters or timbers supporting the slating between
which slabs or boards and the covering or slating a space is formed throughout
the underside of the whole area of the roofing which arrangement forms a kind of
operation known as underdrawing." In the space formed as above mentioned
I pack or interpose suitable packing such as hay, saw dust, straw, chaff, or other
suitable or cheap materials, thus the cold air is prevented from passing through
the crevices into or inside the building.
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I preferably carry the underdrawing slabs or boards to the first beams or
carriers i.e. the beam or beams on either side of and nearest to the centre beam
at the ridge of the roof, from such first beams I carry slabs or boards across the
span of the roof, that is, from one beam to the other, thus I form between the ridge of
the roof, and the boards so carried across the span, a space extending lengthwise
of the roof. At convenient or at equidistant parts which may be at any part of the
area of the roof but preferably at the central or ridge part, I provide bell mouth
or shaped tubes extending or passing and terminating at the outside of the roof,
the bell mouth or opening is situate at the inside, the dimensions or area of the
tubes may vary according to the circumstances or requirements of each particular
case accordingly as more or less foul air is to be dealt with. The said tubes may be
provided with adjustable shutters or slides in order to allow of the escape of more
or less foul air or to assist in maintaining a uniformity of temperature within the
building. If desired I may employ openings or orifices situate at any convenient
lower part of the building in order to admit of the ingress of a current of air to
assist in creating a current of issuing at and through the tubes or ventilators as in
some cases may be necessary.
Dated
111 1
1 1007

page_text: Improvements in the Means of Ventilating the Roofs of Stables, Cow-
houses, or Shippens, and other like Buildings.
I, HARGREAVES GREEN, of Moss Side Farm, Milnrow, near Rochdale, in the
County of Lancaster, Farmer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
The object of my invention is to devise means for the purpose of preventing the
ingress of cold draughts of air under the roofing of stables, cowhouses, shippons
or other places in which horses, cows or other animals or fowls or the like are kept,
and also at the same time to provide means for the gradual escape or removal of
the foul or vitiated air from the buildings referred to and the admittal of fresh
air thereinto without creating any draught that would be detrimental to the health
of the horses, cows etc., for the time being kept in such places.
In order that my invention may be thoroughly understood and readily carried
into effect, I append hereunto a sheet of drawings in which Fig. 1 is a transverse
section of a building or shippon in which to keep cows, horses, etc., whilst Fig. 2
is a longitudinal section of same. It must, however, be understood that these
merely indicate the general manner of carrying out my invention, which may be
varied in detail in accordance with the class of building it is intended to apply it to.
In carrying out my invention and referring first to the means adopted for pre-
venting the ingress of cold air through the roof into the building, I attach to the
rafters A thin slabs or boards B or the like. These boards may be nailed or screwed
to the rafters, or otherwise secured, and they may extend, and preferably do so
extend, under the whole area of the roof. Where boards, or an underdrawing
exist, of course it will not be necessary to put other boards. On the top side, as
is usual, the rafters A support the usual slating. Between the said slating and
the thin boards or slabs B a space is left equal to the thickness of the rafters and in
this space I place, pack or interpose a suitable dry packing C such as hay, saw-
dust, straw, wood-wool, chaff, or other suitable or cheap material or combination
of materials, so that it or they may prevent the cold air from passing through
the crevices into or inside the building.
Instead of carrying the thin boards B quite up to the angle formed by the two
sides of the roof, I may stop them short, as it were, at two of the horizontal beams
that carry the rafters, preferably at the two beams D nearest the angle of the roof.
Between these two beams D) the boards B' are placed so that they form with the
roof a triangular space running lengthwise of the building. Between the boards B₁
and the ridge of the roof I place one or more hopper shaped or other suitably shaped
tubes E. If more than one is used they are placed at suitable distances apart in
accordance with the requirements, and instead of being placed at the ridge of the
roof they may be placed in any other suitable position. These tubes E are open
to the roof and have, preferably, attached to their upper ends or to the roof over
them, or continued from them, tubes F formed at the top end with cones G or
similar or other means to prevent down draught, whilst allowing the foul air to
escape. The tubes E, preferably, or the portions F may each be provided with shutters
or slides H so that the flow of air outwards may be regulated, as desired, and thus,
to a certain extent; help in maintaining a uniformity of temperature in the building.
In order to allow of the ingress of fresh air to the building without causing
injurious draught to the animals or the beings kept therein I place in the outer
walls of the buildings one or more grids or perforated plates J which communicate
with the interior of the building. From the holes behind these grids I carry up

page_text: the wall, as shown, tubes or channels K of any suitable material and shape, but
preferably narrower at the top than the bottom. The top ends of these tubes
may be, say, a foot or eighteen inches higher (or any other suitable distance) than
the backs of the horses or cows situated in the stalls or stands L so that the fresh air
coming up them may be carried over the top of the cattle. Each of the tubes K may
be provided at the top with a hinged or sliding lid K¹ so that the size of the orifice
of the tube may be regulated in accordance with requirements to admit more or less
air.
Instead of having the tubes K up the side of the wall I may place them in the
alley between two sets of stalls and convey the air to them by tubes or channels
beneath the floor. Or again I may carry tubes horizontally from their top ends
to a central longitudinal tube running lengthway of the alley, each of the
horizontal tubes taking air to the latter, from which it is discharged through holes
in its top side. Thus it will be seen that I may carry this portion of my invention
out in several ways.
In cases where a flooring is laid above the stalls, such as M I sometimes hinge
to it one or more boards or flaps such as N which can be raised or lowered as desired,
so as to some extent regulate the flow of air.
From the foregoing it will be seen that the fresh air may readily enter the
grids J, pass up or along the tubes K and so become distributed in the neighbourhood
of the cattle etc., giving them fresher air without draughts, and driving the foul air
imperceptibly forward and upward towards the ventilators in the roof from which
it escapes. As a result of this arrangement the cattle are healthier and better
in every respect.
As before remarked the invention may be varied to meet requirements and may
be applied to all classes of buildings where animals or fowls are to be kept.
said
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my
invention and in which manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
The general arrangement, construction and combination of parts forming my
improved means for ventilating stables, cowhouses and the like, substantially as
hereinbefore described.
100M
WILLIAM H. TAYLOR,
Swan Chambers, 69, Market Street, Manchester,
Agent for the Applicant.