A NEW OR IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF HARD METALLIC COMPOUNDS, AND THEIR APPLICATION IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES REQUIRING EXTREME METALLIC HARDNESS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Lynam, of the City of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Iron Moulder, for the Invention of "A NEW
OR IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF HARD METALLIC COMPOUNDS, AND THEIR
APPLICATION IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES REQUIRING EXTREME METALLIC
HARDNESS
وو
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Lynam at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th August 1875.
I, JAMES LYNAM, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lan-
caster, Iron Moulder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW OR IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF HARD METALLIC COMPOUNDS, AND
THEIR APPLICATION IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES REQUIRING EXTREME
METALLIC HARDNESS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to extended applications of hard metallic
compounds, such as are formed by the combination of cast iron and

page_text: tungsten, or cast iron and tungstate of iron, for which Letters Patent
were granted to me on the 2nd day of April 1875, No. 1192. In the
Specification of that Patent I described a mixture of grey cast iron and
tungsten or grey cast iron and tungstate of iron as being well adapted
for the manufacture of cutters employed in various machine tools. I
have since discovered that similar mixtures of the said materials, namely,
grey cast iron and tungsten, or grey cast iron and tungstate of iron,
forming metallic compounds of the requisite hardness, are well adapted
for other purposes than machine tools, and that in fact by regulating
the mixtures any requisite hardness may be given to the compounds so
as to make them respectively applicable for all purposes where great
metallic hardness is required.
In carrying this Invention into practical operation I melt and mix
together in a molten state grey cast iron and tungsten, or grey cast iron
and tungstate of iron, in the requisite proportions for the articles
required, more or less tungsten or tungstate of iron being added to the
grey cast iron as a more or less degree of hardness is required.
I have found that a very good mixture is composed of about nine
pounds of grey cast iron to about one ounce of tungsten, or when
tungstate of iron is used about nine pounds of grey cast iron to about
two ounces of tungstate of iron. The iron and tungsten or iron and
tungstate of iron are melted and combined in crucibles heated in the
ordinary manner, and when the substances are properly compounded or
combined the mixture is run into ordinary chills or moulds of the
required shapes or patterns.
The proportions above described of grey cast iron and tungsten, or
grey cast iron and tungstate of iron, will form a very good and hard
metallic compound, and will generally be found to answer well for all
articles cast in iron chills, but when casting in sand a larger quantity of
tungsten or tungstate of iron may be added to the grey cast iron, in 3
some cases even as much as half an ounce of tungsten, or one ounce of
tungstate of iron to each pound weight of the grey cast iron used,
according to the hardness required; in fact, by regulating the mixture
.any requisite hardness may be given to the compounds, so as to make
them respectively applicable for all purposes where great metallic 3
hardness is required, the requisite proportions being readily ascertained

page_text: by practice, it being understood that if increased hardness is required
the proportion of tungsten or tungstate of iron should be increased:
Although I have only mentioned grey cast iron, other descriptions of
iron may be used, but not with the same advantage.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Lynam in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 29th February 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
LYNAM, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Iron
Moulder, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said James Lynam, Her special
license that I, the said James Lynam, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such other's as I, the said James Lynam, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"A NEW OR IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF HARD METALLIC COMPOUNDS, AND THEIR
APPLICATION IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES REQUIRING EXTREME METALLIC
HARDNESS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said James
Lynam, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
°
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Lynam, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be

page_text: performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say):-
This Invention relates to extended applications of hard metallic
compounds, such as are formed by the combination of cast iron and
tungsten, or cast iron and tungstate of iron, for which Letters Patent
were granted to me on the Second day of April One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-five, No. 1192. In the Specification of that Patent
I described a mixture of grey cast iron and tungsten, or grey cast iron
and tungstate of iron, as being more adapted for the manufacture of
cutters employed in various machine tools. I have since discovered
that similar mixtures of the said materials, namely, grey cast iron and
tungsten, or grey cast iron and tungstate of iron, forming metallic
compounds of the requisite hardness, are well adapted for other purposes
than machine tools, and 'that in fact by regulating the mixtures any
requisite hardness may be given to the compounds, so as to make them
respectively applicable for all purposes where great metallic hardness is
required.
In carrying this Invention into practical operation I melt and mix
together in a molten state grey cast iron and tungsten, or grey cast iron
and tungstate of iron, in the requisite proportions for the articles required,
more or less tungsten or tungstate of iron being added to the grey cast
iron as a more or less degree of hardness is required.
I have found that a very good mixture is composed of about nine
pounds of grey cast iron to about one ounce of tungsten, or when
tungstate of iron is used about nine pounds of grey cast iron to about
two ounces of tungstate of iron. The iron and tungsten, or iron and
tungstate of iron are melted and combined in crucibles heated in the
ordinary manner, and when the substances are properly compounded or
combined the mixture is run into ordinary chills or moulds of the
required shapes or patterns.
The proportions above described of grey cast iron and tungsten, or
grey cast iron and tungstate of iron, will form a very good and hard
metallic compound, and will generally be found to answer well for all
articles cast in iron chills, but when casting in sand a larger quantity of
tungsten or tungstate of iron may be added to the grey cast iron, in some
cases even as much as half an ounce of tungsten or one ounce of tungstate
of iron to each pound weight of the grey cast iron used, according to the

page_text: hardness required; in fact, by regulating the mixture any requisite
hardness may be given to the compounds, so as to make them respec-
tively applicable for all purposes where great metallic hardness is
required, the requisite proportions being readily ascertained by practice,
it being understood that if increased hardness is required the proportion
of tungsten or tungstate of iron should be increased.
Although I have only mentioned grey cast iron, other descriptions of
iron may be used, but not with the same advantage.
Having now described the nature and particulars of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire it to be
understood that I claim, the use of the hard metallic compounds formed
respectively by the combination of grey cast iron with tungsten, or grey
cast iron with tungstate of irou, in the requisite proportions for the
manufacture of all articles where great metallic hardness is required,
with the exception of machine tools, which are claimed by me under
the Letters Patent dated the Second day of April One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-five, No. 1192.
In witness whereof, I, 'the said James Lynam, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named James Lynam, in the
presence of
G. SEPTIMUS HUGHES,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.
JAMES LYNAM. (L.S.)