IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF LOOPED AND TEXTILE FABRICS AND IN THE FABRICS PRODUCED THEREON
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Cash and Joseph Cash, both of Coventry,
in the County of Warwick, for the Invention of "IMPROVED
MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF LOOPED AND TEXTILE FABRICS
AND IN THE FABRICS PRODUCED THEREON."
Sealed the 16th June 1868, and dated the 7th February 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Cash and Joseph
Cash at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 7th February 1868.
We, JOHN CASH and JOSEPH CASH, both of Coventry, in the County
of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF LOOPED AND TEXTILE FABRICS
AND IN THE FABRICS PRODUCED THEREON," to be as follows:-
Our improved machinery consists of two or more standards secured
together by upper, lower, and intermediate tie bars, which standards
and bars form bearings, or bearings are secured to them for a number
of shafts and other parts of the machine, which consists of the following,
namely, two horizontal point bars in which are secured a number of
points, or the said points may be cast in leads and the leads secured

page_text: to the bars which may be fixed, or they may have an horizontal to-and-
fro movement communicated to them or a to-and-fro movement
combined with an up-and-down movement, either or both of which
movements are effected by attaching to the said bars suitable levers,
which levers are operated upon by cams or their equivalent. Above
the said point bars are two other similarly constructed point bars
which have a to-and-fro sliding motion combined with a falling and
rising rolling motion. Above the two pair of point bars is a horizontal
bar which is attached to the lower end of levers, which levers are
secured on an axle or axles attached to the upper end of the standards
so that the horizontal bar is enabled to swing to and fro at right angles
to the length of the machine. Upon this bar slides a saddle, to which
saddle is attached a thread carrying apparatus of a peculiar construction,
as follows: To the saddle is attached bearings in which slides a short
bar having a notch near each end; in either notch a stud falls alternately
as the sliding saddle is moved to either end of the bar upon which it
slides; the studs are carried by levers having inclined ends, which ends
slide on a pin or arm secured to each end of the horizontal bar, which
pin or arm lifts the studs out of the notch just before the termination
of the sliding motion of the saddle, by which arrangement the saddle
and consequently the thread carrier attached to it has the required.
lead given it, the length of such lead being determined by the position
of the notches in the short sliding bar before-named. The sliding
movement of the saddle and carrying apparatus is effected by attaching
a chain to each end of the short sliding bar, the other end of the chains
being each attached to a grooved pulley to which a reciprocating
circular movement is communicated either by a cam and levers or by
a rack and pinion, or the same movement may be given to the saddle
by a lever and rod. The thread carrier which is attached to the sliding
saddle consists of two tubes, a lower tube sliding vertically and being
capable of adjustment upon an upper tube which is held in bearings
on the sliding saddle but is capable of being turned half round in its
bearings at the termination of each course, being so turned either by
means of drivers which operate upon studs in the upper side of a disc
secured to the upper end of the top tube; the said drivers may be
attached to a fixed part of the machine or to a moving part of the same,
but in either case they are so placed that they will operate upon the
studs in the disc when such disc is at either end of its horizontal sliding
motion; or the upper tube may be operated upon by means of a rack

page_text: and pinion. The lower tube is provided at its lower end with guiding
loops, so that the carrier if supplied with a flat thread, cord, tape, ribbon,
or other material will lay such thread, cord, tape, or other material
with the same side uppermost in each course at the back and front of
the machine. Below the two pairs of point bars above named is a bar
or a pair of bars lying horizontally but which has or have a to-and-fro
movement communicated to it or them across the machine at right
angles to its length; upon these bars are secured sleys in which slide
vertically two rows of hooked jacks, cach row is alternately depressed
by the passage of a sliding cock, which cocks are attached to chains
on each side of them, which chains have their other ends secured to a
grooved pulley moved as before described, or the same movement may
be given by a rod and lever as above mentioned. Each of the two rows
of jacks above mentioned are alternately raised by their lower ends
being pressed upon by two locker bars lying below them, to which
bars the requisite motion is communicated by levers and cams; to these
bars are also attached two other bars having a rising and falling motion
which support the points while the loops are formed. The thread,
cord, tape, ribbon, or other material which is supplied to the carrier
is passed from a spool over a drum upon which it is pressed by a
smaller drum placed above it, the larger and lower drum being on an
axle carrying a wheel which is in gear with a wheel on one of the
cam shafts, by which means the two drums pull off the thread or other
material in sufficient quantity to form one course of the fabric at each
right or left movement of the carrier, thereby ensuring perfect freedom
of feed to the said carrier. The whole of the movements of the several
parts of the machine and apparatus are effected by means of cams
upon two shafts supported by the upper part of the standards above
the point bars and also by a shaft or shafts below the point bars.
30 SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Cash and Joseph Cash in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 7th August 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
CASH and JOSEPH CASII, both of Coventry, in the County of Warwick,
35 send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of February, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said John Cash and Joseph Cash, Her special
licence that we, the said John Cash and Joseph Cash, our exccutors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said John Cash
and Joseph Cash, our exccutors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF LOOPED
AND TEXTILE FABRICS AND IN THE FABRICS PRODUCED THEREON," upon the
condition (amongst others) that we, the said John Cash and Joseph
Cash, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under our, or their, or one of their hands and scals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Cash and Joseph Cash,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This Invention of improved machinery for the manufacture of
looped and textile fabrics and in the fabrics produced thereon will
be readily understood by reference to the accompanying Drawings,
wherein Fig. 1 represents a front view of the machine with portions
broken away so as to shew more fully certain other parts which lie
behind the parts so broken away; Fig. 2, part of the front of the
machine, shewing the vertical bearings attached which support the
winding apparatus at one end of the roller upon which the fabric
is wound as fast as it is made; this Figure, as well as others which
follow in order, will be described in detail hereafter. Fig. 3 shews, in
plan, the break apparatus; Fig. 4, a sectional view of the machine;
Fig. 5, an enlarged view of the cam on the vertical shaft at the left
end of the machine; Figs. 6 and 7 are respectively a side view and

page_text: a plan of the tape nipping apparatus, which is placed above the top
back cam shaft; Figs. 8 and 9, a side view and plan of the tape
nipping apparatus, which is placed at each selvage of the fabric ;-
Figs. 10 and 11 are respectively views of the left end and right end
of the machine; Fig. 12, a full-sized view, in section, of the principal
operating instruments, shewing said instruments in the positions they
occupy relative to each other when the jacks are just about to be
lowered between the points to depress the tape to form the loops.
Fig. 13 shews the relative position of the upper and lower points when
the upper point is in the act of turning the previously formed loop
over the last formed loop. Fig. 14 shows, in plan, the relative position
of the lever (T) and the jacks and upper and lower points and the
auxiliary point T2, which is placed at the right of each selvage.
Figs. 15 and 16 are an end and a side view of the apparatus carrying
the tape guide. Fig. 17, one of the short racks which are placed near
cach end of the machine, and which rack causes the partial revolution
of the tape carrier. Figs. 18 and 19 are an end view and side view
of one of the sliding slur cocks with its plate and adjustable bars.
Figs. 20, 21, and 22 represent the whole of the cams, drawn the full
size, which we employ on the lower cam shaft at the back of the
machine and upon the back and front shafts at the top of the machine.
This machine being composed of an entirely new arrangement and
combination of the several parts we will now proceed to describe such
parts and their movements separately in the first place, and then
describe the combined movements of the whole as they occur in
succession.
In the machine shewn by the Drawings two end stands A are
employed, connected together by six tie bars B, two at the top, two near
the bottom, and two intermediate ones. In this description frequent
mention will be made of the front and back of the machine or of
certain parts belonging thereto lying near the front or the back of the
machine, but the fabric made on the machine has a face upon each
side of it, so that either side of the machine may be called the front
or the back; but to enable us to be more readily understood we prefer
to call that side of the machine upon which the winding tackle is
placed the front of the machine, and the opposite side the back of
the machine, so that in Figs. 4 and 11 the front is to the left hand,
and the back to the right hand, and certain wheels and racks here-

page_text: after mentioned are called toothed wheels and toothed racks, although
the teeth are not shewn in the Drawings, except at Figs. 10, 11, and
17, where the teeth of the pinions and racks are shewn. Upon the end
standards (see the sectional view, Fig. 4,) are secured bearings carrying
the front top cam shaft C and the back top cam shaft C1; above
these cam shafts are two axles D and D1, in bearings formed by the
extreme from and back of the standards. Below the top cam shafts
are two axle bars E and E1, and two axle bars F and F1 lying
between the intermediate tic bars of the machine, and lower still, near
the centre of the machine, another axle bar G, and near the back of
the machine the back bottom cam shaft H, the two axles I and K
lying in bearings a short space from the floor, the whole of the
above forming the foundation from which the several movements of
the machine is obtained. The inside of the machine consists of two
bracketed bars secured to the front and back intermediate tie bars,
which brackets support both at the front and back a lower point
bar L (see Fig. 12), upon the top side of which are secured leads
carrying the lower points, which point, leads, and bars remain fixed.
Below the point bars L is a swinging brace M, hinged to and sus-
pended by a lever M1 at the front and back of the machine, the
axles for the upper end of the levers being secured in the end standards
any movement of the brace M and the apparatus it carries in the
direction of the length of the machine is prevented by the braces
being provided with trucks, which run upon the faces of friction
plates M 2, seen at Figs. 1, 10, and 11; the swinging movement of
this brace M is effected by its being connected by a short link to
the upper end of an arm or lever secured to the top side of the axle
bar G, which has an arm on its lower side connected to the lower
end of a slide carrying two trucks operated upon by a
counter cam on the cam shaft H. The swinging braces have secured
on their depressed centre part two parallel vertical bars N; cach bar
carries an upper sley O and a lower sley 01, one pair of sleys at the
front and the other pair at the back of the machine; in each set
of sleys slide the hook jacks P, the hook jacks in the back sleys
being shewn in their highest position just previous to being depressed
for forming the loops on the front lower points, and the front hook
jacks near the point they occupy when lowered by the passage of the
slur cock, the jacks being held in either position by their lower ends
being pressed upon by springs P1 cast in leads secured to a bar
cam and

page_text: which is held by brackets fast on the outer side of the top sleys O.
The upper hooked ends of the jacks which form the loops are placed
between the lower points by the swinging of the brace M, and are
locked up to their highest position by one of the locking bars Q, each
of which bars have an arm at each end hinged to a link Q1
attached at its lower end to an arm on the lower rocking axle K,
which axle also has a slotted arm in which the lower end of a
two-truck slide is capable of adjustment, the slide which is operated
upon by a cam and counter cam on the shaft H alternately raising
and lowering one locking bar or the other. Tho under side of the
lower points are grooved to admit the upper pointed edge of the
upper points when the upper points are placed under the lower points
by the operation of the machine. The shape of the groove in the
lower points is shewn by the dotted line in Fig. 8. Above the lower
points are other upper points R, which are somewhat longer than the
lower ones, and are also grooved (as shewn by the dotted line in
Fig. 12) on the under side to facilitate their points being placed close
to and sliding on the upper pointed edge of the lower points; these
points R are cast in leads, and secured to front and back top point
bars, cach of which have their ends turned down to enter the pipa
of a short connecting link R3 adjustable in the upper end of two
arms on the top side of the axles F and F 1, cach of which axles
have arms on their lower side which are attached to links having
their other ends working on pins in the upper ends of vertical levers,
which rock upon axles at their lowered end secured in the lower part
of the standards near the back of the machine. The arm on the
front axle F is connected by a longer link than the arm on the back
axle F1 to the said vertical levers, which have double-trucked slides
attached to them, and are operated upon by cams and counter
cams upon the cam shaft H, which cams cause the upper front points
to pass over to the back lower points and the upper back points
over to the front lower points alternately, the upper point bars being
suspended by pipe-ended links R1 to the inner ends of levers whose
outer ends work upon the axles D and D1, the said levers being
provided with trucks operated upon by cams upon the cam shafts C
and C1, the upper points being turned over the points of the lower
ones, as seen at Fig. 13, by means of slotted brackets attached to the
upper point bars, in which brackets are adjusted the lower axles of
the links R 2 attached at their upper ends to levers similar to those

page_text: carrying the links R 1, and which levers are operated upon by cams
on the shafts C and C 1. The bars to which the upper point leads
are secured are effectually prevented from moving endways towards
either end of the machine by the interposition of friction plates R 4,
scen at Figs. 1, 10, and 11, upon which the turned down ends of the
bars slide, and which plates are screwed to the end standards.
The depression of the hook jacks is effected by the apparatus shewn
in end view at Fig. 18 and in side view at Fig. 19. In the space
between the hook jacks P and the upper and lower combs O and 01
slides a cock of the shape shewn by the dotted lines P 2 in Fig. 19, and
as the end to the right is advanced it will gradually drive down or
depress the hook jacks to their lowest position, seen at the left of
the Figs. 12 and 13. The slur cock P2 is secured to a plate P3,
upon which slides two short bars P4 adjustable at one end by means
of a screw and nut; the bars are slotted to enable them to slide upon
two studs in the plate P 3, by which means any slackness of the
chains which are attached to one end of each bar may be taken up.
This apparatus is traversed to and fro in the direction of the length
of the machine by the chains attached to the bars P4 having their
other ends passed on the under side of the two right and left hand
pulleys P5 at each end of the machine, shewn or Figs. 1, 10, and
11; these pulleys, as well as the central pulleys hereafter referred to,
are fast upon two axles, one at each end of the machine, which axles
are capable of a partial revolution, and also of sliding in bearings
secured to the end standards. Besides these two bearings each shaft
passes through a central bearing at the upper end of a bracket secured
to the top at each end of the two bars N, to which the combs O and
01 are secured; these central bearings are slotted slightly vertically
to allow them to rise and fall as the bars N are moved to and fro
by the cams on the lower cam shaft H before mentioned, the said
central bearings being confined between the pulleys; the pulleys and
shaft are thereby caused to slide in the end bearings the same distance
as the to-and-fro movements of the bars N. The partial revolution
of the pulleys P 5 is caused by each shaft being furnished at the end
next the back of the machine with a grooved or toothed boss or wheel,
the teeth of which gears into the teeth on the upper side of a double
ended arched rocking lever P6 working on axles in brackets secured
to the back of the machine. The lower end of the lever P6 at the

page_text: right of the machine is connected to the lower end of the lever at the
left end by an adjustable connecting bar, see Figs. 1 and 10; the
lever at the left hand is also toothed on its lower side, which gears into
teeth on the upper side of a brace connected to two levers P7 suspended
from axles at the back of the machine; this brace carries two friction
pulleys, and receives a to-and-fro movement in the direction of the
length of the frame by means of a cam PS, which is secured on the
back end of a short horizontal shaft lying in bearings at the left end
of the machine, and which shaft has a rotary motion communicated to
it by a bevel wheel upon it gearing into a similar wheel on the left end
of the cam shaft II, which shaft H is moved by a series of toothed
wheels on the right end standard driven by a pulley on a short shaft,
seen at Fig. 1, which carries a belt from any prime mover; the toothed
wheel on the left end of the shaft I also gears into a similar toothed
wheel on the lower end of a vertical shaft at the left of the machine,
which carries another toothed wheel at its upper end gearing into a
wheel on the back top cam shaft, which with the front top cam shaft is
moved simultaneously by means of gear wheels on their right end;
the varied directions in which these geared wheels move aro indicated
by arrows on the several Figures.
The apparatus for carrying the tape thread or other material and
supplying the same to the points for making the fabric is seen at Figs. 1
and 4, and more fully shewn by the Figs. 15, 16, and 17, where S
represents a bar secured to the lower end of two rocking levers working
upon axles in their upper ends secured to the inside of the end standards;
the lower ends of the suspended levers are connected by links to the lower
ends of arms on the under side of the axle bar E 1 which has an arm
on its top side connected at its upper end to a two-trucked slide operated
upon by a cam and counter cam on the cam shaft C1, which cam causes
the bar S to be traversed to and fro across the machine from the front to
the back points and back to the front points. This bar S has a saddle S4
which slides upon it; to the front side of the saddle is secured a socket or
bearing in which the tape or thread carrier S 5 is capable of turning; this
carrier is hollow throughout its length and is curved of the shape shewn
át its lower end to enable it to lay the tape or thread upon the lower
front and back points alternately without it striking the upper points or
the raised jack hooks, for which purpose the carrier has a half circular

page_text: movement communicated to it by the following means:-The upper end
of the carrier has a toothed wheel secured upon it, which wheel gears into
the teeth of a short rack shewn at Fig. 17 at each end of a bar S1
carried by the lower ends of two levers suspended from the same axles
that carry the levers holding the bar S; the bar S1 has a sliding motion
given it by its being connected at its left end by a link S 2 to a lever
carrying a slotted to-trucked link operated upon by the cam $3, the
sliding motion thereby communicated to the short racks causing the tape
carrier to be turned half round at the end of each course, the short
racks being thrown into gear with the carrier wheel by the bar S1
receiving a to-and-fro movement across the length of the machine by its
suspended levers being connected at their lower end to a link attached
to the lower end of an arm on the axle bar E operated upon in the same
manner as the axle bar E1, but by a cam or cams on the front cam
shaft C. The toothed wheel on the carrier above referred to is provided
with a stop catch held in one of the spaces between the teeth by a
spring S6 which firmly holds the carrier in the position it is placed in by
cither of the short racks. The saddle plate S4 carries bearings for a
sliding rod notched at each end to receive one or other of the catches S 8,
one of such catches being raised at the completion of cach course by an
incline S9 at each end of the bar S; when such catch is raised the sliding
bar S7 continues its course until the other catch drops into the other
notch, when the saddle remains stationary until again moved by one of
the central pulleys P 5 winding up the end of the chain attached to it
and to the centre of the sliding bar S 7, such movements occurring cach
time a course is made either on the front or back points. The tape or
other material used in making the fabric will sometimes require to be
held fast, in which case we employ the apparatus seen at Figs. 1, 4, 6,
and 7, which consists of a lever A which rises and falls vertically upon
an axle in the lower end of a short arm on a horizontal bar stretching
from the front to the back of the machine, being secured to the front and
back top tic bars. Upon the lever A is an axle carrying a second lever
B lying at right angles to the first lever; the ends of these levers are
pressed close together by a spring acting on the lever B. The lever A is
furnished with two coiled wire loops through which the tape thread or
other material C is passed; it is also passed between the closed ends of the
two levers which hold it fast during the time the lever A is held raised
up by a cam on the back cam shaft, which cam allows the lever to fall

page_text: suddenly upon a wedge-shaped piece D, which piece separates the levers,
leaving the tape or other material free to be formed into the loops
required. Upon the right side of the back lower points and the left side
of the front lower points we employ a tape-nipping apparatus, shewn in
side view at Fig. 8 and in plan at Fig:9; in both Figures the apparatus is
shewn in its relative position with regard to the lower points. The
nippers consist of a lower limb into which an upper one is pressed by a
coiled spring holding fast the tape or other material except at such times
as it is released by a lifting piece which is screwed to the top side of the
upper point bars, as seen at the left of Fig. 12, raising the upper limb of
the nippers.
In Fig. 13 a jack hook is shewn in a raised position standing up above
the lower points; such hook is an auxiliary hook, and is fixed in the
position shewn; this hook holds the tape on the selvage, and on the first
point, preventing the tape from curling over and missing the first point.
In addition to this auxiliary hook we employ a lever T, shewn in side
view at Fig. 12 and in plan at Fig. 14, for holding back the selvage loop
while the tape or thread carrier places the tape or other material round
an auxiliary point T2 (being assisted therein by a projection on the
under side, shewn by dotted lines on Fig. 14, which projection prevents
the tape passing further back than shewn), and the loops are drawn
and are in the act of being turned over the lower points by the upper
points, the lever T being carried by the slur cock bar (on which it is
hinged) over to operate in the same manner for a course on the other
points. The bottom point bars are recessed to allow the ends of the
levers to rise, the levers being operated upon by pieces T1, seen at Fig. 4,
secured to the axle bars F and F1 and the lower point bars. When we
are employing a stiff tape or other stiff material for making the fabric
we support the lower points by means of a sley U held by two short
arms working on axles carried by the brackets which support the bars
carrying the springs P1; each of these sleys rest at each end when
forming a support upon a double inclined piece U1, which has a to-and-
fro movement given it by being connected to a bell-crank lever at the
back of the machine which is operated upon by a link attached to it and
to an arm on the rocking axle bar I. The sley U supports the lower
points during the drawing of the loops and falls down immediately after
the fall of the jacks.

page_text: Having described the several parts of the machine we will now
describe the cams which communicate motion to them. Fig. 5 repre-
sents the cam S3 which is placed on the vertical shaft at the left end
of the machine. At Fig. 20 is represented the whole of the cams we
employ upon the lower cam shaft II consisting of a cam and counter
cam alternately, the cam marked 1 with its counter marked 1° moves
the front top point bar, the cam and counter 2 and 2° moves the jack
bars, 3 and 3° moves the locking bars, 4 and 4° moves the double incline
to lift the supporting sleys U, and 5 and 5° moves the back top point
bar. The cams on the top back cam shaft C1 are shewn at Fig. 21.
No. 1 cam turns over the upper points, No. 2 cam assisting in the same
operation, No. 3 cam operates the rocking axle F1 which moves the
tape carrier bar to and fro, and No. 4 cam operates the tape-nipping
apparatus at the top of the machine. The remainder of the cams on this
shaft are the same as the first and second cams, and the first and second
and 5 and 6 cams on the front cam shaft C operate in the same manner
the front top point bar as the like cams on the shaft C1 operate the back
top point bar. The cam marked 4, Fig. 22, is the cam which operates
the axle E which moves the sliding rack bar S1 to throw the racks in
and out of gear which cause the tape or thread carrier to partly revolve.
The machine is supplied with tape or other material from a spool at the
front of the machine, seen at Figs. 1 and 10, from which it is passed
through a slit in a lever V which has a trigger and a pendant rod, which
rod may be set to strike a bell or other alarm whenever a knot in the
tape or other material is being forced through the slit in the lever; from
the lever the tape or other material is passed over a drum W under a
smaller drum which presses upon the material to and through guiding
loops above the machine and down to and between the tape or thread
nipping apparatus (when used) to the carrier; the drum W is moved
round by a toothed wheel on its shaft gearing into the upper toothed
wheel on the vertical shaft at the left end of the machine. By the opera-
tion of these drums the tape or other material is drawn off the spool and
delivered in the required quantity to the carrier to form the loops at each
course made. The fabric as fast as made is wound upon a roller placed
in the front of the machine between the end standards, shewn at Fig. 2,
being wound upon the roller by the action of a number of weights
attached to the end of a cord which is wound on a drum at the right end
of the work roller. The drum is provided with a ratchet wheel and stop

page_text: catch to enable the cord to be wound on when run off by winding up tho
work as made, and as great trouble and inconvenience would arise if the
tape or other material was to break in the act of the loops being formed
and the machine proceeding with its movements we employ a break
arrangement, shewn in plan at Fig. 3 and in side view at Fig. 10, which
consists of two nearly semicircular straps of iron lined with leather or
other equivalent substance, which firmly embrace a friction pulley and
prevents the driving strap from operating except at such times as the
straps are thrown clear of the pulley by the introduction of a hand
wedge X, which enters between the upper ends of the straps which
slide upon a pin projecting from the front intermediate tie bar of the
machine.
Having specified the whole of the parts and the various movements
they each perform we will now proceed to describe the movements of the
whole as they successively occur, which are as follows:-The first row of
loops formed upon one set of lower points are taken by the top set of
opposite points, and passed on to the opposite set of lower points, being
received on the top points by the said top points being placed under the
first-named lower points and staying there until the opposite set of top
points have drawn back to allow the opposite jack hooks to come forward
and be raised up between the points, then being brought a little more
forward, thereby forcing the second row of loops on to the above-named
upper points, which carry the loops over and places them on to the above-
named opposite set of lower points, the jack hooks accompanying such
upper points remaining raised until they are lowered to draw the loops
for another course, the above movements being repeated for each courso
drawn on each set of lower points alternately. Upon the whole of the
jack hooks being drawn the tape or thread carrier passes over the lower
limb of the nippers, laying the said tape or thread on the lower limb;
the upper limb which was raised is then lowered and nips the tape fast
until the first formed loops are turned over the second formed loops,
the tape or thread being held fast by the nippers until the advance
of the jack hook bar; the nippers open and release the tape, which is
carried over to the opposite set of points.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of our
said Invention we declare that what we claim and desire to be secured
by the herein-before recited Letters Patent is, the adaptation and com-

page_text: bination of parts shewn and specified by the above Drawings and
description, and the mode of working a tape, ribbon, or other material,
producing a fabric with both sides alike and having a wall lying at right
angles to the length of work produced.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Cash and Joseph Cash,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Sixth day of
August, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-cight.
JOHN CASH.
(L.S.)
JOSEPH CASH. (L.S.)