A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS AND FURNACE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC ALLOYS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Browne, of the Firm of Browne and
Company, Patent Agents, of 85, Gracechurch Street, in the City
of London, for the Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS AND
FURNACE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC ALLOYS."-A communi-
cation from abroad by the Foundries and Forges Company, of Terro
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Browne at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 1st May 1873.
I, ALEXANDER BROWNE, of the Firm of Browne and Company, Patent
Agents, of 85, Gracechurch Street, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
PROCESS AND FURNACE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC ALLOYS," a communi-
cation from abroad by the Foundries and Forges Company, of Terre Noire
La Voulte and Besseges, in the French Republic, to be as follows:-
The following is a description of the above-mentioned process for
making a compound or mixture of iron and metallic oxides :-I take

page_text: iron filings, turnings, or granulated wrought iron, cast iron, or steel, or
pulverized spongy iron, or any other scraps of cast iron or steel in a
nearly uniform state of division, and mix them with ores containing
manganese, tungsten, titanium, or any of these combined, or with quartz.
The ores or quartz are finely pulverized, and mixed in sufficient
quantities to form the required alloy. This mixture is moistened with
an ammoniacal solution or with slightly acidulated water; it is then
compressed by hand or mechanical means in wrought or cast iron
moulds, by which great heat will be produced, and after a lapse of a
few hours, the mould being opened, a compact and very hard mass will
be found. This mass is then broken into pieces of any required
size. These fragments will retain their tenacity to a red heat, and then
only begin to separate at the melting point of cast iron. By treating
these fragments in a furnace, constructed as hereafter described, I obtain
alloys containing iron and manganese in various proportions from 25 %
to 75% of this last metal; siliciurets of iron containing as much as
22% of silicium alloys, of iron and tungsten or titanium, or even alloys
of three of these metals. As these results can only be obtained at a very
high temperature it is therefore necessary to employ a furnace, in which
hot blast is forced at a great pressure. For these reasons; and owing to
the strong bases contained in the melted layer, an ordinary furnace
would soon be destroyed, particularly at the bottom.
To obviate this I construct the furnace as follows:-The furnace is
composed of a cupola made of very hard fire-bricks, containing a great
quantity of alumina. The boshes are constructed of lime, magnesia, or
pure alumina; the crucible or hearth is made of carbon, lime, or
magnesia. The carbon crucible is made in one piece by moulding a
mixture of pure graphite, or gas coal, or pure coke with tar in a box'
made of strong sheet iron, and heating the whole, well closed up, to a dark
red heat for a few hours, a compact and very hard mass is thus obtained.
The aforesaid boshes are contained in a conical shaped casing of sheet
iron fixed by means of bolts to a cast-iron plate, which supports the
cupola. The crucible is movable, being only held in its place by pressure
against the bottom part of the boshes, and can thus be easily removed
and changed when required. This arrangement admits of a speedy and a
casy way of renewing those parts which are liable to get burnt or
worn.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Alexander Browne in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 1st November 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALEXANDER
BROWNE, of the Firm of Browne and Company, Patent Agents, of
85, Gracechurch Street, in the City of London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-sixth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Alexander Browne, Her special licence that I, the
said Alexander Browne, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Alexander Browne, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time,
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
of Man, an Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS AND FURNACE FOR
THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC ALLOYS," a communication from abroad by
the Foundries and Forges Company, of Terre Noire La Voulte and
Besseges, in the French Republic, upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Alexander Browne, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
'cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alexander Browne, do hereby.
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, that is to say :-
The following is a description of the above-mentioned process for
making a compound or mixture of iron and metallic oxides:-I take
iron filings, turnings, or granulated wrought iron, cast iron, or steel, or
pulverized spongy iron, or any other scraps of cast iron or steel in a.

page_text: nearly uniform state of division, and mix them with ores containing
manganese, tungsten, titanium, or any of these combined, or with
quartz. The ores or quartz are finely pulverized, and mixed in sufficient
quantities to form the required alloy. This mixture is moistened with
an ammoniacal solution, or with slightly acidulated water; it is then
compressed by hand or mechanical means in wrought or cast iron
moulds, by which great heat will be produced, and after a lapse of a few
hours, the mould being opened, a compact and very hard mass will be
found. This mass is then broken into pieces of any required size.
These fragments will retain their tenacity to a red heat, and then only
begin to separate at the melting point of cast iron. By treating these
fragments in a furnace, constructed as hereafter described, I obtain
alloys containing iron and manganese in various proportions, from 25 %
to 75% of this last metal; siliciurets of iron containing as much as
22% of silicium alloys of iron and tungsten or titanium, or even alloys
of three of these metals. As these results can only be obtained at a very
high temperature it is therefore necessary to employ a furnace in which
hot blast is forced at a great pressure. For these reasons, and owing to
the strong bases contained in the melted layer, an ordinary furnace
would soon be destroyed, particularly at the bottom.
To obviate this I construct the furnace as follows:-The furnace is
composed of a cupola made of very hard fire-bricks, containing a great
quantity of alumina. The boshes are constructed of lime, magnesia, or
The crucible or hearth is made of carbon, lime, or
pure alumina.
magnesia. The carbon crucible is made in one piece by moulding a
mixture of pure graphite, or gas coal, or pure coke with tar in a box
made of strong sheet iron, and heating the whole well closed up to a
dark red heat for a few hours, a compact and very hard mass is thus
obtained. The aforesaid boshes are contained in a conical shaped casing
of sheet iron fixed by means of bolts to a cast-iron plate which supports
the cupola. The crucible is movable, being only held in its place by
pressure against the bottom part of the boshes, and can thus be easily
removed and changed when required. This arrangements admits of a
speedy and easy way of renewing those parts which are liable to get
burnt or worn.
And in order to explain this Invention more fully, I now proceed to
describe the means by which it may be carried into practical effect,
reference being had to the illustrative Sheet of Drawings accompanying

page_text: thereon respectively, as follows:—
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 represents a sectional elevation of the furnace through the
line C, D, of plan at Figure 3; Figure 2 represents a sectional elevation
of the said furnace through the line A, B, at Figure 3.
At each of the above-mentioned Figures similar letters of reference
denote corresponding parts.
A, A, is the cupola; B, the boshes; C, the crucible or hearth; F, the
casing of sheet iron; G, the supports on which the crucible or hearth
rests; H, the tuyere by which the blast is introduced in the apparatus.
Having now described and set forth the nature and object of this
Invention for "A New or Improved Process and Furnace for the Manu-
facture of Metallic Alloys," I would remark in conclusion that I hereby
declare this Invention to consist in, and I claim, the process of mixing
metallic fragments of wrought iron, cast iron, or steel with ores intended
to be reduced in connection with the furnace and crucible, as above
stated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Browne, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this First day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three..
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