IMPROVE- MENTS IN WATER TUYERES JOR FORGES AND FURNACES, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Frearson, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Mechanical Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WATER TUYERES JOR FORGES AND FURNACES, AND IN APPARATUS
CONNECTED THEREWITH.”
Sealed the 10th December 1869, and dated the 28th October 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Frearson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th October 1869.
I, JOHN FREARSON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER TUYERES FOR FORGES AND FURNACES, AND IN,
APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the several improvements herein-after.
described in the said tuyeres, and in apparatus connected therewith..
My said Invention consists, firstly, in forming the water tuyere for
hot blast with the entrance and exit air and water passages in one

page_text: casting, and in affixing the said tuyere directly to the water cistern and to
the air heating box or chamber without the use of separate connecting
pipes. One part of the said tuyere passes through the said water cistern
and another part passes through the centre of the said heating box or
chamber, and the said tuyere is secured to both cistern and chamber by
means of flanges and screw bolts and nuts. The joints of the said parts
are made air and water tight by suitable packing. The air passage of
the said tuyere is so formed that the entering air is conveyed by it
through the water cistern, and then by a curvature of the passage is
conducted into the air chamber, where it becomes heated; the heated
air from thence passes by means of another curved passage to the nose
part of the tuyere into the forge fire. Surrounding the said air passages
is the water space, which opens by two openings into the water cistern,
one above and the other below the entrance air passage, and the said
openings are so situated as to cause a circulation when the water becomes
heated against the nose of the tuyere. I also construct the water tuyere
for hot blast with the entrance and exit air passages and water passages
in one casting without that part of the tuyere before explained which
passes through the water cistern. I sometimes insert in the mould
before casting wrought-iron pipes or tubes for the purpose of forming
water passages to and from the tuyere, which pipes or tubes are
embedded in the casting. I screw the ends of the said pipes or tubes
projecting from the casting and attach thereto the pipes which connect
the tuyere to the water cistern.
My Invention consists, secondly, in the combination of an air heating
chamber with the forge, and in the arrangements of the air heating and
conducting passages, and in placing the said air heating chamber and
passages under the forge fire for producing hot blast. The said chamber
may have a plain interior space with entrance and exit openings on its
side or sides, or the said chamber may contain a zig-zag or other shaped
air passage to increase the heating surface, and the top of the said
chamber may be flat or concave or curved at right angles to the tuyere
where the fire is situated to give greater heating surface to the chamber
and space for the fuel. I also use an air heating and conducting pipe or
passage having a zig-zag or other form beneath the forge fire without
the said air chamber. The heated air may pass from the said chamber
or from the said pipe or passage through a curved passage entering the
tuyere on its side and out through the centre of the nose part into the

page_text: forge fire or through tuyeres of the construction described in the first
part of my Invention,
My Invention consists, thirdly, in the combination of an air heating
chamber with the forge, and in the arrangements of the air heating and
conducting passages, and in placing the said air heating chamber and
passages above the forge fire or in such positions as will admit of the
beat of the forge fire being passed under, over, or around the air heating
chamber and air passages for producing hot blast.. The interior space of
the said chamber and the pipe for heating and conveying the air above
the forge fire may be constructed similarly to those described in the
second part of my Invention. The entrance air passage to the chamber
or to the air heating pipe above the forge fire may be placed under the
forge fire and by the side of the descending exit air passage, which may
extend from the said chamber or air heating pipe by the wall of the
forge and through a curved passage entering the tuyere on its side and
passing out through the centre of the nose part into the forge fire; or
the heated air may pass through the tuyero and air heating chamber, as
described in the first part of my Invention, to be further heated. But
I do not confine myself to the positions of the entrance and exit air
passages..
My Invention consists, fourthly, in forming and affixing a separate
nose part to the body part of tuyeres for forges, so that the said nose
part may easily be replaced by a new one in case of being burnt through
or worn out. I make the separate nose part of the tuyere with the usual
air and water passages to correspond with those of the body part, and I
provide the nose part with a flange which I connect to a flange on the
body part of the tuyere by means of screw bolts and nuts; or the nose.
and body parts of the tuyere may be connected together by screw pins
or by screwing the two parts together. I make water-tight joints.
between the nose and body parts of the tuyere by means of rings of lead
circular in cross section, the said rings occupying grooves semicircular
in cross section made in the body and nose parts of the tuyere respec-
tively, the said rings and grooves surrounding the air and water spaces at
the joints of the nose and body parts of the tuyore. Or two rings may
be employed for each joint, each ring in this case having a semicircular
figure in cross section; two of these rings are placed in the grooves of
each joint of the nose and body parts of the tuyere, the flat faces of the
rings bearing against each other. The flat faces of the rings can thus

page_text: readily move on one another when the nose part or body part is turned,
as in the act of screwing the two parts of the tuyere together. I do not
confine myself to rings composed of lead, as they may be made of copper
or other metal or material not injuriously affected by heat; nor do I
confine myself to the shape of the said rings or of the grooves in which
they are placed, as the said rings and grooves may be square, triangular,
or flat in cross section. Before I connect the body and nose parts of the
tuyere by means of bolts I thread on each bolt an iron tube, which
loosely fits the bolt, and when connected I build the body part with the
said bolts and tubes in the forge wall, the flange on the body part with
the bolt ends and nuts being situated near the back of the tuyere on one
side of the wall, and the flange on the nose part with the heads of the
bolts being situated on the other side of the wall. By this arrangement
the tubes in the wall form free passages for the said bolts, which may
readily be withdrawn and reinserted when a new nose part is required to
be fitted to the body of the tuyere without disturbing the wall of the
forge, or the pipes, or the cistern. By this means great labour, time, and
expense are saved. I protect the bolt heads or screws and the flange
or flanges of the tuyere from being burnt by covering. them with
fire-clay.
The improvements herein described are especially applicable, to forges,
but parts of the said improvements may also be applied to furnaces.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Frearson in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 26th March 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
FREARSON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Mechanical
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her.
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said John Frearson, Her special licence, that I,
the said John Frearson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said John Frearson, my executors, administrators,

page_text: "
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully' might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER TUYERES
FOR FORGES AND FURNACES, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH,
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Frearson,
my exccutors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Frearson, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention consists of the several improvements herein-after
described in the said tuyeres, and in apparatus connected therewith.
My said Invention consists, firstly, in forming the water tuyere for hot
blast with the entrance and exit air and water passages in one casting,
and in affixing the said tuyere directly to the water cistern and to the
air heating box or chamber without the use of separate connecting
pipes. One part of the said tuyere passes through the said water cistern
and another part passes through the centre of the said heating box or
chamber, and the said tuyere is secured to both cistern and chamber by
means of flanges and screw bolts and nuts. The joints of the said parts
are made air and water tight by suitable packing. The air passage of
the said tuyere is so formed that the eutering air is conveyed by it
through the water cistern, and then by a curvature of the passage is
conducted into the air chamber, where it becomes heated; the heated air
from thence passes by means of another curved passage to the nose part of
the tuyere into the forge fire. Surrounding the said air passages is the
water space, which opens by two openings into the water cistern one above
and the other below the entrance air passage, and the said openings are
so situated as to cause a circulation when the water becomes heated
against the nose of the tuyere. I also construct the water tuyere for hot
blast with the entrance and exit air passages and water passages in .onė

page_text: casting without that part of the tuyere before explained which passes
through the water cistern. I sometimes insert in the mould before
casting wrought-iron pipes or tubes for the purpose of forming water
passages to and from the tuyere, which pipes or tubes are embedded in
the casting. I screw the ends of the said pipes or tubes projecting from
the casting, and attach thereto the pipes which connect the tuyere to the
water cistern.
My Invention consists, 'secondly, in the combination of an air heating
chamber with the forge, and in the arrangements of the air heating and
conducting passages, and in placing the said air heating chamber and
passages under the forge fire for producing hot blast. The said chamber
may have a plain interior space with entrance and exit openings on its
side or sides, or the said chamber may contain a zig-zag or other shaped
air passage to increase the heating surface, and the top of the said
chamber may be flat or concave or curved at right angles to the
tuyere where the fire is situated to give greater heating surface to the
chamber and space for the fuel. I also use an air heating and con-
ducting pipe or passage having a zig-zag or other form beneath the
forge fire without the said air chamber. The heated air may pass from
the said chamber or from the said pipe or passage through a curved
passage entering the tuyere on its side and out through the centre of
the nose part into the forge fire, or through tuyeres of the construction
described in the first part of: my Invention.
My Invention consists, thirdly, in the combination of an air heating
chamber with the forge, and in the arrangements of the air heating and
conducting passages, and in placing the said air heating chamber and
passages above the forge fire or in such positions as will admit of the
heat of the forge fire being passed under, over, or around the air heating
chamber and air passages for producing hot blast. The interior space
of the said chamber and the pipe for heating and conveying the air 8
above the forge fire may be constructed similarly to those described in
the second part of my Invention. The entrance air passage to the
chamber or to the air heating pipe above the forge fire may be placed
under the forge fire and by the side of the descending exit air passage,
which may extend from the said chamber or air heating pipe by the wall 3
of the forge and through a curved passage entering the tuyere on its
side and passing out through the centre of the nose part into the forge
fire; or the heated air may pass through the tuyere and air heating

page_text: chamber as described in the first part of my Invention to be further
heated. But I do not confine myself to the positions of the entrance
and exit air passages.
My Invention consists, fourthly, in forming and affixing a separate
nose part to the body part of the tuyeres for forges so that the said nose
part may easily be replaced by a new one in case of being burnt
through or worn out. I make the separate nose part of the tuyere
with the usual air and water passages to correspond with those of
the body part, and I provide the nose part with a flange which I
connect to a flange on the body part of the tuyere by means of screw
bolts and nuts; or the nose and body parts of the tuyere may be
connected together by screw pins, or by screwing the two parts
together. I make water-tight joints between the nose and body parts
of the tuyere by means of rings of lead circular in cross section, the
said rings occupying grooves semicircular in cross section made in the
body and nose parts of the tuyere respectively, the said rings and grooves
surrounding the air and water spaces at the the joints of the nose
and body parts of the tuyerc. Or two rings may be employed for each
joint, each ring in this case having a semicircular figure in cross section;
two of these rings are placed in the grooves of each joint of the nose
and body parts of the tuyero, the flat faces of the rings bearing against
each other. The flat faces of the rings can thus readily move on one
another when the nose part or body part is turned, as in the act of
screwing the two parts of the tuyere together. I do not confine myself
to rings composed of lead, as they may be made of copper or other
metal or material not injuriously affected by heat; nor do I confine
myself to the shape of the said rings or of the grooves or spaces in which
they are placed, as the said rings and grooves or spaces may
be square,
triangular, or flat in cross section. Before I connect the body and nose
parts of the tuyere by means of bolts I thread on each bolt an iron tube,
which loosely fits the bolt, and when connected I build the body part
with the said bolts and tubes in the forge wall, the flange on the body
part with the bolt ends and nuts being situated near the back of the
tuyeres on one side of the wall and the flange on the nose part with
the heads of the bolts being situated on the other side of the wall. By
this arrangement the tubes in the wall form free passages for the said
bolts, which may readily be withdrawn and re-inserted when a new nose
part is required to be fitted to the body of the tuyere without disturbing

page_text: 'the wall of the forge or the pipes or the cistern; by this means great
labour, time, and expense are saved. I protect the bolt heads or screws
and the flange or flanges of the tuyere from being burnt by covering
them with fire-clay.
The improvements herein described are especially applicable to forges,
but parts of the said improvements may also be applied to furnaces.
Having explained the nature of my Invention I will now proceed to
describe, with reference to the accompanying Drawings, the manner in
which the same is to be performed. The same letters of reference are
employed to indicate the same parts in each Figure of the Drawings.
Figure 1 represents in longitudinal section, and Figure 2 in plan a
tuyere water cistern and air heating chamber fixed in the wall of the
forge constructed according to my Invention. The air chamber A, C,
and the water tuyere T are provided with flanges F, by means of which
and the screw bolts S, B, the said chamber and tuyere are secured to
each other and to the water cistern W, C, as shown in Figure 1, and
the junctions of the said parts are made good by suitable packings.
The said tuyere T consists of one casting having an entrance cold air
passage C, A, and an exit hot air passage H, A, a water space W com-
municating with the water cistern through the openings O, O, and a
conically shaped collar C, C, which loosely fits the socket S. Before the
tuyere is inserted in the hot air chamber A, C, the socket S is charged
with fire-clay or other suitable cement; then while the water cistern W, C,
and air chamber A, C, are being bolted together the conical collar C, C,
squeezes the fire-clay or cement into the clay space C, S, so as to make
an air-tight joint. The incline I of the air chamber A, C, being in the
forge fire it becomes heated to a high temperature; the cold air being
forced through the passage C, A, enters the air chamber A, C, in the
direction indicated by the arrow, where it becomes heated and makes its
exit through the hot air passage H, A, into the forge fire. By this
arrangement a hot blast is produced with fewer joints than other modes
adopted for producing hot blast for forge fires, and a welding heat is
produced in much less time than with the cold blast.
Figure 6 represents in longitudinal section another tuyere and an
air heating chamber constructed according to my Invention. The air
chamber A, C, in this arrangement has a flat bottom and sides with
semicircular top. The back plate B, P, (which loosely fits the recess in
the back of the air chamber) the cold air and hot-air pipes C, A, and

page_text: H, A, and the body part of the tuyere (on which is an annular flango
which loosely fits the tubular socket S, and which corresponds with the
flange on the moveable nose part M, N,) are all cast in one piece, but
before casting it I insert in the mould the two wrought-iron tubes W, T,
with their projecting ends screwed to form connections to the water
cistern W, C, in the ordinary way. The parts at F which form tho
junctions of the back plate B, P, and air chamber A, C, being bolted
together, and the rings of lead or other packing of the shape represented
in section Figure 16 being put upon the ends of the body part of the
tuyere, and the socket and flange of the body part being well charged
with fire-clay or cement, the moveable nose part of the tuyere is secured
to the body part by means of screw pins, thereby making secure the
water and air joints. By this arrangement the hot air chamber extends
further under the forge fire and greater air space is obtained than in the
arrangement represented in Figures 1 and 2, and when the moveable
nose part M, N, is burnt through or worn out a new one may easily be
attached to the body part of the tuycre without disturbing the wall or
the cistern.
Figure 3 represents in longitudinal section, and Figure 4 in plan
another tuyere for hot blast constructed according to my Invention.
The said tuyere is constructed with the entrance and exit air and water
passages in one casting, and is attached directly to the water cistern,
similarly to the one described and represented in Figure 1, and I some-
'times insert in the mould before casting wrought-iron pipes or tubes W, T,
for the purpose of forming water passages to and from the tuyere and
water cistern, which pipes or tubes are embedded in the casting, similarly
to those described and represented in Figure 6. Or that part which
passes through the water cistern of the said tuycre may be stopped off
in the mould, and the ends of the wrought-iron pipes W, T, screwed and
made to extend beyond the flange, similar to those shown in Figure 6,
so as to form connections by means of piping to the water cistern in the
ordinary way.
-
Figure 18 represents in longitudinal section, and Figure 19 in plan
another mode of constructing a hot blast tuyere and air heating chamber
according to my Invention. Figure 18 represents the body part of the
tuyere built in the forge wall F, W, attached to the water cistern W, C,
and to the air heating chamber A, C, situated under the forge fire.
The said air heating chamber A, C, has two branch pipes, one in con-

page_text: nection with the cold air pipe C, A, and the other in connection with the
hot air pipe H, A. On the upper side of the rim of the said air chamber
A, C, is a V-shaped groove, which is filled with fire-clay or cement, and on
the under side of the air chamber lid A, C, L, is a V-shaped projection
which is placed over the V-shaped groove, and the air chamber lid A, C, L,
and air chamber A, C, are each provided with a flange all round and
secured to each other by means of screw bolts, thereby making an air-
tight joint. The cold air passing through the feed pipe F, P, and
through the pipe C, A, enters the air chamber A, C, where it becomes
heated and then passes out of the said air chamber through the hot air
pipe H, A, into the forge fire. The junctions of the said pipes are
made air-tight by means of fire-clay or cement, which is placed in the
sockets provided for the purpose, marked C, S. The cold air may either
be conducted to the said air chamber through the cold air pipe C, A, as
shown in Figure 19, or through the feed pipe F, P, and cold air pipe C, A,
on the hearth, as represented in Figure 18, or in any other convenient
way. A moveable nose part is shown applied to the arrangement
Figures 18 and 19, and a back elevation of the said nose part is shown
in Figure 22. As this moveable nose part M, N, is similar to the one
represented in Figure 5 and is attached to the body part in the same
way it will be described hereafter.
Figure 20 represents in vertical section a portion of the forge chimney
and forge wall, an air heating chamber situated above the forge fire
resting on two iron bars in the lower part of the chimney, and a part of
a tuyere built in the forge wall with a moveable nose part M, N, con-
structed according to my Invention. The said air heating chamber A, C,
is connected with the curved pipe of the tuyere by the upper pipe H, A,
the upper end of which is provided with a flange and is secured to the
air chamber A, C, by means of screw bolts, and its lower end rests in
the socket of the branch pipe of the tuyere, and both joints are made
good by suitable packing. The air chamber A, C, is provided with a V-
shaped groove all round on its upper side, and the air chamber lid A, C, L,
has a V-shaped projection which fits the V-shaped groove in the air
chamber A, C, and this joint is made air-tight by fire-clay or other
suitable cement. The feed air pipe (not shown) may be fixed in any
convenient position. By this arrangement the heat from the forge fire
ascending into the chimney passes under, around, and above the air
chamber A, C, and the heated air passes from the air chamber A, C,

page_text: through the hot air pipe H, A, and through the tuycre into the forge
fire.
Figure 21 represents in plan (on a smaller scale) another air heating
apparatus constructed according to my Invention to be situated under
the forge fire. The two cross bars C, B, with the cold air chamber C, A, P,
and the hot air chamber H, A, P, form the framing of the fire-grate, and
the tubes P, P, P, P, P, the hollow fire-bars. Under the fire-bars is
the ash-pit having an air-tight door closed when at work. There is a
sinall hole in the hot air chamber H, A, P, within the ash-pit to admit
sufficient hot air between the hollow bars to supply air to the lower part
of the forge fire. By this arrangement the cold blast is conducted
through the cold air pipe C, A, to the cold air chamber C, A, P, then
through the hot hollow bars P into the hot air chamber E, A, P, and
makes its exit through the hot air pipe H, A, and through the curved
pipe of the tuyere into the forge fire. The air chamber A, C, may have
a plain interior space with entrance and exit openings, as shown in
Figure 18, or it may contain a zig-zag or other shaped air passage to
increase the heating surface. I also use an air heating and conducting
pipe or passage having a zig-zag or other form beneath or above the
forge fire without the air heating chamber, shown in Figures 18 and 20.
pro-
Figure 5 represents the body part of a tuyere for hot or cold blast built in
the forge wall F, W, attached to the water cistern W, C, with a moveable
nose part M, N, connected to the body part of the tuyere constructed
according to my Invention. The body part of the said tuyere is
vided with an annular flange near the back part of the forge wall F, W,
and there is also a flange on the moveable nose part to correspond with
that on the body part of the tuyere. Rings of lead or other suitable
material of the shape shown in section in Figure 17 are inserted in and
made to adhere to the grooves G by being coated with white or red lead,
and screw bolts are passed through holes in the flange of the moveable
nose part M, N, and through the bushes B which are built in the forge
wall F, W, and through the flange of the body part of the tuyero, and
the nuts on the said bolts are screwed up until the joints are made
water-tight. By this arrangement the bushes in the forge wall F, W,
form free passages for the said bolts, which may readily be withdrawn
and re-inserted when a new nose part is required to be fitted to the
body part of the tuyere. Or the moveable nose part may be taken off
and the scale formed inside removed and put on again as before, or

page_text: turned upside down without disturbing the forge wall or the connection
between the tuyere and the water cistern. By this means much labour,
time, and expense are saved.
I use rings of the shape represented in Figures 13 or 14 in the arrange-
ment shown in Figure 18, and rings of the shape represented in t
Figure 15 in the arrangement shown in Figure 20, and I use bushes B
and screw bolts, as shown in Figure 5, for connecting the body of the
tuyere to the forge wall and the moveable nose part to the body part
of the tuyere of the arrangement Figures 18 and 20. .
Figure 7 represents another mode of connecting the moveable nose
part and body part of the tuyere and other forms of joints according to
my Invention. In this arrangement the flanges of the tuyere are
brought nearer to each other than those previously described and
represented, and the said flanges are secured together by means of
screw pins or screw bolts and nuts. The shape of the rings for the 1
joints of the said tuyere is represented in Figure 15.
Figure 8 represents another mode of securing the body and nose part
of a tuyere together, and also of making the joints, according to my
Invention. The body part of the said tuyere is provided with an
external screw and the nose part with an internal one, and the two
parts are screwed together similarly to gas and water piping. The
rings used for the joints of the said tuyere are represented in Figures 9,
10, 11, and 12. The rings are semicircular in cross section, and
two of these rings are placed face to face, as seen in Figure 11, and
coated with red or white lead, and are inserted in the grooves of each
joint of the nose and body parts of the tuyere, the flat faces of the rings
bearing against each other. The flat faces of the rings can thus readily
move on one another when the nose part or body part of the tuyere is
turned, as in the act of screwing the two parts of the tuyere together.
When vulcanized india-rubber, or putty, or cement is used for the joints
between the nose and body parts of the said tuyeres I prefer to make
the junctions of the nose and body parts of the tuyeres of a concave
and convex shape, as shown in section on a large scale in Figures 23
and 24; but I do not confine myself to the forms of rings described and
represented, nor to the shapes of the grooves or spaces in which they
are placed, nor of the material described, as other forms and materials
than those described and represented may be found to answer the
purpose. I protect the bolt heads, nuts, or screw pins, and the flange

page_text: or flanges of the tuyero which come in contact with the forge fire by
covering them with fire-clay.
My Invention is specially applicable to forge fires, and parts of my
said Invention are also applicable to furnaces, that is to say, the rc-
moveable nose part is applicable to furnaces generally in which tuyeres
are used, and the arrangements represented in Figures 20 and 21 aro
also applicable to furnaces, such changes in detail only being made as
will fit the said arrangements to furnaces.
Having described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not
limit myself to the precise details herein described and illustrated, as tho
same may be varied without departing from the nature of my Invention ;
but I claim as my Invention of improvements in water tuycres for
forges and furnaces, and in apparatus connected therewith,-
Firstly. Making the said water tuyeres for hot blast with the entrance
and exit air passages and water passages in one casting, and cither
with or without wrought-iron tubes embedded in the said casting, sub-
stantially as and for the purpose herein-before described and illustrated
in the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly. The combination of the water tuyere with the water cistern
without the intervention of separate pipes or tubes for hot blast, sub-
stantially as and for the purpose herein-before described and illustrated
in the accompanying Drawings.
Thirdly. The combination of the water tuyere with the air chamber
or air pipes or hollow fire-bars situated under the forgo or furnace fire
for hot blast, substantially as and for the purpose herein-before described
and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
Fourthly. The combination of the water tuycre with the air chamber
or air pipes situated over the forge or furnace fire for hot blast, sub-
stantially as and for the purpose herein-before described and represented
in the accompanying Drawings.
Fifthly. The combination with the body part of water tuyeres for
hot and cold blast of a moveable nose part, substantially as and for the
purposes herein-before described and represented in the accompanying
Drawings.

page_text: Also the methods described and illustrated of attaching the said
moveable nose part to the body part of the tuy.ere.
In witness whereof; I, the said John Frearson, have hereunto, set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of March, in the
year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
Witness,
RICHARD SKERRETT,
Clerk to George Shaw,
Birmingham.
JOHN FREARSON. (L.S.):