IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS AND APPA- RATUS FOR OBTAINING COPIES OF WRITINGS, DRAWINGS, AND OTHER DESIGNS
Year: 1850

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALBERT
CRAKELL WATERLOW, of London Wall, Lithographer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Third day of January,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty, in the thirteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Albert Crakell Waterlow, my exors, admors, or assigns, Her especial licence,
full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Albert Crakell
Waterlow, my exors, admors, and assigns, and such others as I, the said
Albert Crakell Waterlow, my exors, admiors, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the
term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS AND APPA-
RATUS FOR OBTAINING COPIES OF WRITINGS, DRAWINGS, AND OTHER DESIGNS,"
communicated to me from abroad; in which said Letters Patent is contained
a proviso that I, the said Albert Crakell Waterlow, should cause a particular
description of the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to be
inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited

page_text: Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will
more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Albert Crakell Waterlow, do hereby declare that the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference
being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters
marked thereon, that is to say :-
The Invention consists of modes of arranging apparatus by means of which
copies of writings, such as letters and other documents, and by which also
impressions from stone or plate of drawings or other designs in like manner
to which lithographic drawings and designs are now produced, may be
obtained.
In order that the Invention may be fully understood I will proceed to
describe the Drawings hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure shews a side view in section; Figure 2, a plan; and Figure 3, a
transverse section of apparatus arranged according to the Invention. a is the
bed plate of the machine, which is formed with a groove or hollow chamber 6
on each of its sides, suitable to receive the lower parts of the standards c, c,.
which are made fast together, so as to move simultaneously by means of the
tie bar c¹. These standards c, c, carry the pression cylinder d, and are capable
of travelling in the grooves or guides b, b. To facilitate their movement they.
have friction rollers c³, c, as shewn. In using this apparatus to obtain copies
of letters or other documents the paper to be copied is to be placed on a piece
of felt upon the tablef, or the felt may be dispensed with. Over the paper to
be copied is then to be applied the damp paper, which is to receive the impres-
sion, as is well understood in taking such copies of writings by other means.
I then apply another sheet of felt, and then by the hands draw the frame c
backwards and forwards along the apparatus. The cylinder d, in passing over
the table f, will give the required pressure to cause the impression to be
received on to the damp paper. The degree of pressure required may be
obtained by means of the regulating screws g, g, which act upon the bearings
of the cylinder d. The springs d', between the screws g and the bearings of
the cylinder d, admit of a slight yielding of the cylinder in passing over the s
papers. When the apparatus is used to obtain copies from stone or from
plate the stone or plate is to be placed in the position of the table f. The ink
is applied thereto, and the process conducted as is well understood by persons

page_text: employed in the various departments of lithography or zincography; and the
uprights c, with their cylinder d, are used to obtain the required pressure. I
would remark, that in some cases, in place of employing a cylinder at d,. I
use a bar with a rounded under edge, and acted upon by levers and springs, so
as to vary the pressure when desired.
Figures 4 shew and 5 show a longitudinal section and perspective view of
another machine in which the arrangement is slightly modified; and in this
case the bed of the machine upon which the stone is placed moves between
two cylinders, and the framing is constructed of metal, having two uprights,
to which is applied pressure screws, either at the upper or lower part, and the
cylinders rest in suitable bearings. The stone or plate is placed upon the bed
of the machine. At the lower part of the bed is a rack, and this bed passes
between the two cylinders, it being moved by a handle attached to the lower
cylinder, on the axis of which lower cylinder there is a pinion which takes into
the rack, and by the action of which the bed of the machine is caused to move
to and fro. Instead of a rack and pinion, a spring placed upon the table, and
acting upon friction rollers, would press the table or bed upon the lower
cylinder, in order to its receiving motion from it; but these are not absolutely
necessary to produce the requisite pressure.
Figure 6 shews an arrangement of a very simple nature for obtaining copies
according to lithographic or zincographic process, and it consists of either a
stone or a plate (or a suitable bed to support autography paper), on to
which writing is produced in a manner well understood by persons engaged in
lithographic and zincographic processes. The paper to be printed is placed
thereon; it is then covered with another sheet of suitable material 6, called a
tympan, which is fixed by pins or otherwise to the stone or plate, and then
by means of pressure, which is given by means of a piece of wood c held in
the hand, or it may be by a roller, the piece of wood c is passed over the
cloth b, by which pressure the copies of the writing will be obtained. And
this apparatus may be used for making copies of letters, having the paper
damped according to the ordinary method.
.
The last-described apparatus, together with the inking roller and the
various ingredients required in the process of printing, and which ingredients
are well understood and form no part of the Invention, may be arranged in a
box, and thus be found very portable for small purposes; and the apparatus
may be readily used on a table or other convenient place without the necessity
of its being permanently fixed.
Fig. 7 shews an arrangement of box I prefer to use, partly open. The lid
being thrown back, shews a plate fixed thereon to receive the ink for
distribution by the inking roller z.

page_text: Having thus described the nature of the Invention communicated to me, I
would have it understood that I do not confine myself to the various modes of
working the apparatus, nor to the mode of communicating the pressure, so
long as the peculiar character of the various parts of the Invention be
retained.
In witness whereof, I, the said Albert Crakell Waterlow, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Third day of July, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty