Improvements in the Manufacture or Production of Butter.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 24th July, 1891
Complete Specification Left, 25th Apr., 1892-Accepted, 11th June, 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture or Production of Butter.
I, JOHN HENRY HILL DUNCAN of 39 Coleman Street, in the City of London,
Chartered Accountant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention has reference to the manufacture or production of butter by
subjecting cream or milk to the action of air, whilst in the form of films, thin
sheets, streams, or spray and at a temperature of say 66° to 100° F. Various
means can be employed for causing the cream or milk, (hereinafter called cream) to
assume the form referred to in order that it shall present a large surface to the
action of air. For this purpose the cream in a ripened condition, can be placed
in a vessel provided with one or more rotary or reciprocating discs, plates or parts,
and with means, as for examples a hot water jacket or coils, for maintaining the
cream at the desired temperature, the arrangement being such that whilst the disc,
plate or part (or each of them if more than one be used), is (or are) rotated or
reciprocated, part thereof will be coated with a thin film of cream that will be
brought into contact with air. The vessel may be covered or uncovered. In the
former case the cover may be provided with inlet and outlet apertures through
which air may be caused to pass at any suitable temperature.
Dated this 24th day of July 1891.
W. LLOYD WISE,
Per James G. Stokes,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture or Production of Butter.
I, JOHN HENRY HILL DUNCAN, of 39 Coleman Street, in the City of London,
Chartered Accountant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention has reference to the manufacture or production of butter by
subjecting cream or milk (hereinafter referred to as cream) to the action of a rotary
or oscillating disc or discs or equivalent device or devices adapted to pick up the
cream in the form of films, thin layers or sheets. Various means can be employed
for effecting this object. Thus the cream in a ripened condition, can be placed in a
vessel provided with one or more rotary or oscillating discs, drums, plates or parts
(hereinafter included in the expression disc or discs) and with means, as for
examples a hot water jacket or coils, for regulating the temperature of the cream
and for maintaining it at any desired temperature, the arrangement being such that
whilst the disc, (or each of them if more than one be used), is (or are) rotated or
oscillated, part thereof will become coated with and will thus pick up a thin film of
cream. The vessel may be uncovered or covered.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 is a vertical section partly in elevation; and
Fig. 2 a plan, of one form of apparatus suitable for carrying out my invention.
Figs. 3 and 4 are detail sectional views.
Figs. 5 and 6 are respectively vertical and transverse sections illustrating a
modified construction.

page_text: The apparatus illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 comprises a vessel 1, that may advan-
tageously be of oval or elliptical shape in plan, as shewn, to receive the cream to be
converted into butter. It is provided with an inclined or curved false bottom 2
which, in conjunction with the sides and bottom 3 of the vessel, forms a jacket or
chamber 4 into which hot water or other fluid can be admitted when necessary by
an inlet 5. 6 is an outlet normally closed by a plug 7, whereby the liquid contents
of the vessel can be drawn off when desired. 8 is a valve for drawing off the water
or other fluid from the jacket or chamber 4. 9 is a disc of suitable material such
as metal, china or wood; it is fixed on a shaft 10 mounted in bearings 10ª so that
the disc can rotate partly within the cream 11 in the vessel 1. The shaft may be
provided with any suitable means for imparting rotary or oscillatory motion thereto.
Thus it may be provided with a crank handle so that it may be driven by hand;
prefer however to employ a spring or clock-work motor 12 of any suitable construc-
tion whereby the shaft may be driven automatically.
I
In carrying out my invention I find it advantageous to employ a guard 13
arranged concentrically with the disc and carried by the vessel 1, because the disc
may then be more rapidly rotated so that the cream can be thrown from the
periphery of the disc against the guard by which it is returned to the vessel thereby
effecting its conversion into butter in a shorter time than would be the case if the
disc were rotated at such a speed as not to throw off cream from its periphery by
centrifugal action. It is however to be understood that I do not claim the construc-
tion of the apparatus with this guard as forming part of my present invention as
such construction forms the subject matter of another application for Letters
Patent filed by me dated 1st December, 1891 No. 20989. The guard, which may
be of sheet metal, is of a concavo-convex form in cross section, it may be for
example approximately semi-circular as shewn in Fig. 3, or semi-hexagonal as
shewn in Fig. 4. It is arranged with its concave side towards the disc 9 so as to
ensure return to the vessel 1 in which the disc works off all cream thrown outward
by centrifugal action. I have found in practice that it is advantageous to provide
the said guard 13 near that end towards which the disc moves, with one or more
baffle plates 13 that serves or serve to more or less break up the cream thrown off
from the disc by centrifugal action and thereby facilitate its conversion into
butter. As the butter begins to form however, the speed of the disc should be
reduced so that cream will no longer be thrown against the said baffle plate or
plates.
In the arrangement shewn in Figs. 5 and 6 several rotary discs 9 are used
mounted to rotate within a closed or covered vessel 1 which, in the example shown,
is of a cylindrical form and carries the guards 13. The cover 1° of the vessel 1, is
preferably hinged at one side as at 1b, so that it can be turned back to admit of the
butter, when formed, being readily washed and removed. To enable the progress
of the operation to be watched, the cover may advantageously be provided with
glazed sight holes 1°. The vessel 1 is formed with hollow trunnions 14 by which it
is supported in standards 15 and which serve as bearings for the shaft 10; it is
provided with a double bottom or jacket 4 as shewn to contain liquid for heating
the cream when necessary. 16 is an arm on one of the trunnions 14 of the vessel.
It is provided with a spring catch 17 adapted to engage with one of the standards 15
for the purpose of locking the vessel 1 in position during the rotation of the discs_9.
18 is a hand wheel by which the vessel i may be rotated when necessary, as for
At this
example, when it is desired to wash the butter by rotating it in water.
time the spring catch 17 is held back by any suitable means, such as a catch 19
mounted to slide on the arm 16 and adapted to enter a groove in or passed behind
a collar on the spring catch 17.
The operation is as follows:-The cream at a suitable temperature say at
about 75 F., when no guard such as 13 is used, or at about 60° F. when the guard
is used, is placed in the vessel 1, and the disc or discs 9 rotated in the direction of
the arrow a.
The speed of the disc or discs may at commencement be such as to throw the

page_text: cream into the concentric guard or guards 13 by centrifugal action with more or
less force according to the state of ripeness the said cream has attained, but the
speed may be diminished as the butter begins to form. By this means the cream
will be caused to circulate, and the disc or discs will be constantly coated with
cream in a thin film, layer or sheet. When the cream is converted into butter, the
disc or discs 9 is or are stopped, and the butter washed and treated in the ordinary
manner. The time required for the conversion to take place will depend upon the
ripeness of the cream, that is to say, upon the length of time it has been allowed to
stand before treating it in the manner described. To bring the cream to the
churning temperature or should the temperature of the cream while churning fall
below about 60° F., or 75° F., according as the guard is or is not used hot water
may advantageously be poured into the jacket 4 to raise the cream to the tempera-
ture mentioned. Sometimes, as for example when the cream is very ripe, or when
the guard is used the conversion will take place so quickly that the cream will not
fall much below the desired temperature. Under these circumstances there will be
no need to introduce hot water to the jacket 4.
With cream four days old and at a temperature of 75° F. and using a metal disc
about 14 inches in diameter and revolving at a speed of about 60 revolutions per
minute, the guard being omitted, I have effected the conversion of the cream into
butter in 30 minutes, and sometimes in less time. When a guard is used, and the
disc revolved at say 120 revolutions per minute to commence with, the cream, at a
temperature of say about 60° F., can be converted into butter in about 20 minutes.
When churning at low temperatures that is to say, at about 60° F., I find that the
cream at first assumes the condition of stiff whipped cream, and that before butter is
formed therefrom, it is necessary, either to increase the speed of the disc considerably
or to add a little water at about the same temperature as the cream.
It will usually
be advantageous to ripen the cream to be used as this improves the flavour of the
butter and lessens the time necessary for churning.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what i
claim is :-
1. The herein described method of making butter which consists in subjecting
cream at a suitable temperature to the action of a rotary or oscillating disc or
equivalent device which picks up the cream in a film or thin layer or sheet substan-
tially as herein described.
2. For carrying out the method referred to in the preceding claim, apparatus
comprising a vessel to contain the cream to be treated, a rotary disc or equiva-
lent device mounted so as to be partly immersed in the cream within the said
vessel and capable when operated of picking up the cream in the form of films,
or thin layers or sheets, and means whereby the contents of the vessel can be
rapidly heated, when necessary, by the application of hot water or other fluid
to the jacket or false bottom & by the circulation of the cream by the disc or
discs over the warm surface, substantially as herein described for the purpose
specified.
3. Apparatus for use in the manufacture or production of butter, constructed
substantially as hereinbefore described with reference respectively to and shown
in Figs. 1 and 2; and in Figs. 5 and 6 of the drawings annexed, but excluding
the guard or guards 13.
1000
100 day to
НАДЯ она понят
J. H. DUNCAN.
W. Lloyd Wise,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.