A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Hills Kitchen, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, in
the County of Northumberland, for the Invention of "A NEW OR
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION."
Sealed the 17th April 1866, and dated the 21st October 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Hills Kitchen
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 21st October 1865.
I, WILLIAM HILLS KITCHEN, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, in the County of
Northumberland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION," to
be as follows:-
This Invention consists of an arrangement for producing artificial
respiration by making the air passing into the lungs to exceed the pressure
of that which surrounds the external surface of the chest, the expiration
being made into a medium not exceeding the pressure of the air surround-
ing the external surface of the chest, likewise for varying the atmospheric
pressure on the external surface of the chest, similar to that which takes
place at different altitudes above the level of the sea, the object which the
Inventor has in view being to neutralize the chronic inaction of the organs
of respiration induced by sedentary modes of life, and give expansion to
the chest by a more certain method than has been hitherto employed.

page_text: The arrangement which the Inventor proposes to adopt in carrying out
the objects set forth as above is first to insulate the whole of the body of
the person using the apparatus in an air-proof chamber, which he desig-
nates by the name of an anti-sedentary couch, made sufficiently strong to
bear a certain amount of atmospheric pressure. The said couch may be
made of wood coated with an air-tight composition, or may be made of
gutta percha or indian-rubber supported by a suitable framing, or may
be made of iron or other suitable air-tight material. In this couch are
fitted two chambers going under the respective names of the inhaling
and exhaling chambers, the air in which is put in connection with the
respiratory organs of the person using the apparatus by means of two tubes
leading through a valve under the control of the person within the couch
to a mouth-piece which is placed in the mouth. The inhaling chamber
is put in connection with the external air by means of a valve. A com-
munication is effected between this chamber and the couch by means of
another valve, while the couch itself communicates with the exhaling
chamber by means of a third valve. If it is desired that the pressure of
the air within the couch shall fall no lower than that which is required for
inhalation by the person using the apparatus, the valve in the inhaling
chamber is removed, and the respiratory organs are thereby put in direct
communication with the external air. The pressure of the air in the
couch is prevented from falling below a certain point, or is regulated by so
graduating the valves above mentioned between the inhaling chamber and
the couch and the couch and the exhaling chamber, and by so withdrawing
the air from the exhaling chamber by means of an air pump or other
apparatus attached to the exhaling chamber that the two valves above
mentioned will always be in equilibrium. In order to produce a complete
exhalation, the medium into which the exhalations takes place should not
exceed in pressure the air in the couch. The valve leading from the
exhaling chamber to the couch is graduated in weight so that the air
within shall not fall below a certain pressure. The mouth-piece being
placed in the mouth, the exhaling chamber is so reduced by continued
rarefication by an air pump or otherwise, as stated above, that its valve
is always kept in equilibrium, the valve leading from the couch to the
external air being likewise kept in the same state. The person in the
couch closes his nostrils and opens a tap or valve, so that the mouth-piece
put in communication with the external air when an inspiration is made.
If it is desired that the medium into which the expirations take place shall
not fall below that which surrounds the external surface of the chest, the
is

page_text: passage of the mouth-piece may be simply closed by the tongue, and the
air passed through the 'nostrils into the couch, or, by using the exhaling
chamber without the valve, communication may be opened between the
mouth-piece and the exhaling chamber; but if the valve is used in this
chamber graduated in weight, then an expiration will take place into this
chamber of such a complete nature as is determined by the excess of
pressure in the couch above that in the chamber. When it is desired
that the inhalation shall take place from a medium lower in pressure than
the external air, the inhaling chamber is used with its valve weighted to
the desired excess of pressure of the external air above that desired to be
inhaled. By simply opening and shutting the communications alternately
between the mouth-piece and the inhaling and exhaling chambers artificial
respiration is produced. By opening and shutting such communications
to varying extents, the duration in time or the length of time employed in
an inhalation or exhalation may be determined, or this may be done by
separate valves. The air inhaled into the lungs may be very simply raised
in temperature by putting a bottle filled with hot water into the inhaling
chamber or by other means. In the same manner also, the atmospheric
pressure being modified as above described, the vapours from various liquids
will rise with greater facility, and may be so inhaled at increased tempera-
tures if desired. Likewise, if needful, the air before passing into the
lungs may be freed of any deleterious matters by passing it through char-
coal or other substance having an affinity for those foreign matters which
it is desired to free the air from. By the use of this apparatus that
extensive class of pulmonary diseases which owe their origin to the
deficient aeration of the blood may be held in check and eliminated from
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Hills Kitchen in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 21st April 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
HILLS KITCHEN, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, in the County of Northumberland,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent bearing date the Twenty-first day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and

page_text: grant unto me, the said William Hills Kitchen, Her special licence that I,
the said William Hills Kitchen, my executors, administrators, and assigns,.
or such others as I, the said William Hills Kitchen, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING
ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said William Hills Kitchen, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should.
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Hills Kitchen, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
This Invention consists of an arrangement for producing artificial respira-
tion by making the air passing into the lungs to exceed the pressure of that
which surrounds the external surface of the chest, the expiration being
made into a medium not exceeding the pressure of the air surrounding the
external surface of the chest, likewise for varying the atmospheric pressure
on the external surface of the chest, similar to that which takes place at
different altitudes above the level of the sea, the object which the Inventor
has in view being to neutralize chronic inaction of the organs of respiration
induced by sedentary modes of life, and to give expansion to the chest by a
more certain method than has been hitherto employed. The arrangement
which the Inventor purposes to adopt in carrying out the objects set forth
as above is first to insulate the whole of the body of the person using the
apparatus in an air-proof chamber, which he designates by the name of an
anti-sedentary couch, made sufficiently strong to bear a certain amount of
atmospheric pressure. The said couch may be made of wood coated with
any air-tight composition, or may be made of gutta percha or indian-rubber
supported by a suitable framing, or may be made of iron or other suitable
air-tight material. To this couch are fitted two chambers going under the
respective names of the inhaling and exhaling chambers, the air in which
is put in connection with the respiratory organs of the persons using the.

page_text: apparatus by means of two tubes leading through a valve under the control
of the person within the couch to a mouth-piece which is placed in the
mouth. The inhaling chamber is put in connection with the external air
by means of a valve. A communication is effected between this chamber
and the couch by means of another valve, while the couch itself communi-
cates with the exhaling chamber by means of a third valve. If it is desired
that the pressure of the air within the couch shall fall no lower than that
which is required for inhalation by the person using the apparatus, the valve
in the inhaling chamber is removed, and the respiratory organs are thereby.
put in direct communication with the external air. The pressure of the
air in the couch is prevented from falling below a certain point, or is regu
lated by so graduating the valves above mentioned between the inhaling
chamber and the couch and the couch and the exhaling chamber, and by
so withdrawing the air from the exhaling chamber by means of an air pump.
or other apparatus attached to the exhaling chamber that the two valves
above mentioned will always be in equilibrium. In order to produce a
complete exhalation, the medium into which the exhalations take place
should not exceed in pressure the air in the couch. The valve leading from
the exhaling chamber to the couch is graduated in weight so that the air
within shall not fall below a certain pressure. The mouth-piece being
placed in the mouth the exhaling chamber is so reduced by continued
rarefication by an air pump or otherwise, as stated above, that its valve is
always kept in equilibrium, the valve leading from the couch to the external
air being likewise kept in the same state. The person in the couch closes
his nostrils and opens a tap or valve, so that the mouth-piece is put in com-
munication with the external air when an inspiration is made. If it is
desired that the medium into which the expirations take place shall not fall
below that which surrounds the external surface of the chest, the passage
of the mouth-piece may be simply closed by the tongue, and the air passed.
through the nostrils into the couch, or, by using the exhaling chamber
without the valve, communication may be opened between the mouth-piece
and the exhaling chamber; but if the valve is used in this chamber
graduated in weight, then an expiration will take place into this chamber
of such a complete nature as is determined by the excess of pressure in the
couch above that in the chamber. When it is desired that the inhalations
shall take place from a medium lower in pressure than the external air, the
inhaling chamber is used with its valve weighted to the desired excess of
pressure of the external air above that desired to be inhaled. By simply
opening and shutting the communications alternately between the mouth-

page_text: piece and the inhaling and exhaling chambers artificial respiration is
produced. By opening and shutting such communications to varying
extents, the duration in time or the length of time employed in an inha-
lation or exhalation may be determined, or this may be done by separate
valves. The air inhaled into the lungs may be very simply raised in
temperature by putting a bottle filled with hot water into the inhaling
chamber or by other means. In the same manner also, the atmospheric
pressure being modified as above described, the vapours from various
liquids will rise with greater facility, and may be so inhaled at decreased
temperatures if desired. Likewise, if needful, the air before passing into
the lungs may be freed of any deleterious matters by passing it through
charcoal or other substances having an affinity for those foreign matters
which it is desired to free the air from. By the use of this apparatus that
extensive class of pulmonary diseases which owe their origin to the
deficient aeration of the blood may be held in check and eliminated from
the system.
Having thus far described the nature and object of my said Invention,
I shall now proceed to describe the same more minutely, and in order
thereto I shall refer to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings hereunto
annexed, and to the letters and figures of reference marked thereon.
Fig. 1 shows an external view of my anti-sedentary couch marked
A, B, C, D; E is a top piece, which is made to remove in order that the
person to use the apparatus may enter it. It is made to fit tightly to
prevent any escape of air. The part F carries the valves O and P, as
seen in Fig. 2, and G contains the valve N, Fig. 2, with its weights
H, H, as shown; K' is a vacuum gauge to ascertain the amount of vacuum
in the couch. Its construction and action are too well known to require
any explanation. Referring now to Fig. 2, exhibiting a partial section of
an anti-sedentary couch, we find the three valves N, O, P, and the stop-
cock R. The three valves communicate with each other and open into
their respective chambers M, L, K; M, the inhaling chamber herein-before
referred to communicates with the mouth of the person through the stop-
cock R by the tube a, and also with the chamber L through the valve
O; L communicates with M, and also with the interior of the couch, by
the opening b, also with the exhaling chamber K by the valve P; K
communicates with the chamber L by the valve P, and also through the
stop-cock R with the mouth of the person by the tube c. Now, should
it be intended that the person shall inhale air of the atmospheric pressure,
the valve N may be removed, and it is evident that the exact pressure

page_text: below that of the atmosphere which is required to be maintained on the
external surface of the chest may be obtained and regulated by weighting
the valve O accordingly. The pressure of the air in the couch is also
regulated by the valve P, which communicates with the exhaling chamber,
so that should the warmth of the body or other causes tend to raise the
pressure, the valve P opens, and equilibrium is restored. The exhalations
are made into the exhaling chamber K, which is maintained at its required
amount of rarefication by means of an air pump or otherwise.
To produce
a complete exhalation, this pressure should not exceed the pressure
maintained or the external surface of the chest. The greater the difference
the more complete will be the expiration. This is effected by graduating
the valve P accordingly. The tap or valve R is opened, the mouth is put
directly in communication with the external air through the orifice of the
valve N. The expiration is made through the tube c into the exhaling
chamber K, or it may be made simply into the couch, when such a con-
dition is required, by simply removing the mouth from the mouth-
piece S.
Having now described my Invention as fully and to the best of my
ability, I wish it to be understood that it is quite possible to make many
modifications of the details of my Invention, and yet not depart from the
essential features that make it a new and useful Invention. What I con-
sider now and claim as secured to me by Her Majesty's Letters Patent is,
the general arrangement and construction of an apparatus herein-before
referred to as an anti-sedentary couch, for producing artificial respiration,
in the manner and for the purposes herein-before referred to and
illustrated,
In witness whereof, I, the said William Hills Kitchen, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
30
WILLIAM HILLS KITCHEN. (L.S.)
Witness,
THOMAS MARSHALL,
48, Pitt St.,
Newcastle-on-Tyne.