IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INJECTING AND EJECTING LIQUIDS OR FLUIDS, EJECTOR CON DENSERS. BLOW-THROUGH CONDENSERS, AND IN MECHANISM CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Andrew Barclay, of Kilmarnock, in the County
of Ayr, North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR INJECTING AND EJECTING LIQUIDS OR FLUIDS, EJECTOR CON
DENSERS. BLOW-THROUGH CONDENSERS, AND IN MECHANISM CONNECTED
THEREWITH,"
Sealed the 19th November 1869, and dated the 24th May 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Andrew Barclay at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th May 1869.
I, ANDREW BARCLAY, of Kilmarnock, in the County of Ayr, North.
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "Ix.
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INJECTING AND EJECTING LIQUIDS OR FLUIDS.
EJECTOR CONDENSERS, BLOW-THROUGH CONDENSERS. AND IN MECHANISM CONNECTED
THEREWITH." to be as follows, that is to say:-
In the Specification of Letters Patent granted to me bearing date
the 6th day of May 1864, and numbered 1151, for "Improvements in
Certain Apparatus for Injecting and Ejecting Fluids," I have described
an instrument illustrated by Figure 6 of the Drawings attached to the
Price Sd

page_text: Specification, in which compound nozzles are employed, that is to say,
an arrangement of nozzles whereby the fluids or liquids passing through
the instrument are divided into three portions before uniting into one
jet or stream. It is explained in the Specification that by means of
such an arrangement a much more perfect condensation of steam is
obtained. Experiments made with this instrument have shown that by
using a still greater number of nozzles through which the fluids may
pass a still more perfect action of such instrument is obtained, and in
which case the instruments are better adapted as condensers, and for
forming a vacuum in steam engine cylinders or elsewhere.
The first part then of the present Invention consists in using a more
numerous series of nozzles than has hitherto been employed in injectors
or ejectors, or ejector condensers.
The second part of this Invention consists in making the spindle in
the centre of the steam passage of the instruments herein-before referred
to hollow in lieu of solid, and connecting it by a pipe with a steam
boiler, the spindle thus constitutes a blow-through pipe which may be
used if required on starting the instrument into action. In connection
with the spindle thus constituted a blow-through pipe a self-acting
valve is adapted which admits the steam from the boiler at such times
as the vacuum approaches perfection. This valve may either be made
to open by the pressure of the atmosphere, or by steam pressure.
The third part of the Invention consists in placing a stop-cock or
valve in the passage connecting two of the branches in the instruments
constituting the injectors, ejectors, or ejector condensers herein-before
referred to so that the branches may be placed in communication with
each other, or their communication cut off.
The fourth part of the Invention relates to utilizing the hollow space
in engine frames and soles as well as forming hollow chambers around
the cylinders and valve casings of steam engines, and in employing such
spaces as reservoirs or receivers into which the exhaust steam may enter
before passing into the ejector condenser, thus avoiding the necessity of
employing a special chamber for that purpose, or the nozzles may be put
inside one of such engine frames or soles, or the nozzles may be placed
in a chamber sufficiently large to dispense with the use of the
the frames or soles.
spaces
in
The fifth part of the Invention relates to using a somewhat
T

page_text: series of nozzles with steam blowing down through the centre one for the
purpose of producing currents or blasts of air and other fluids or
gases.
The remaining parts of my Invention relate to improvements in
certain parts of the blow-through condensers as described and illustrated
in the Specification and Drawings of Letters Patent granted to me
on or about the 11th day of April 1868. No. 1216. and they consist.--
A. In employing two or more valves at the foot of the instrument, the
passages leading to the valves being so shaped as to allow the water to
be more rapidly blown out than hitherto.
B. In employing a valve between the equalizing chamber or receiver
and the blow-through condenser for the purpose of preventing water
passing thereinto from the condenser as well as for equalizing the flow
of steam to the condenser.
C. To improvements in the gear for actuating the lift valve of blow-
through condensers, this consisting in employing a disc carried on a
shaft on which two adjustable blocks or plates are fixed at a distance
apart. The shaft is vibrated by means of an eccentric on the engine
shaft, and the adjustable blocks act against a lifting rod whose length is
also adjustable; this being again coupled to a horizontal lever to which
the lifting rod of the valve is attached, so that the valve is lifted every
time that the adjustable blocks on the disc strike on the roller or lower
end of the adjustable link:
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Andrew Barclay in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 24th November 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ANDREW
BARCLAY, of Kilmarnock, in the County of Ayr, North Britain, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of May, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the
32nd year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors.
give and grant unto me, the said Andrew Barclay, Her special license

page_text: that I, the said Andrew Barclay, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Andrew Barclay, my executors,
administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exerciso, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR INJECTING AND EJECTING LIQUIDS OR FLUIDS. EJECTOR CONDENSERS,
BLOW-THROUGH CONDENSEPS. AND IN MECHANISM CONNECTED THEPEWITH," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Andrew Barclay, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Andrew Barclay, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to
say:-
In the Specification of Letters Patent granted to me bearing date the
6th day of May 1864, and numbered 1151, for "Improvements in
Certain Apparatus for Injecting and Ejecting Fluids," I have described
an instrument or apparatus illustrated by Figure 6 of the Drawings
attached to the Specification in which compound nozzles are employed,
that is to say, an arrangement of nozzles whereby the fluids or liquids
passing through the instrument or apparatus are divided into three
portions before uniting into one jet or stream. It is explained in the
Specification that by means of such an arrangement a much more
perfect condensation of steam is obtained. Experiments made with this
instrument or apparatus have shown that by using a still greater number
of nozzles through which the fluids may pass a still more perfect action
of such instrument or apparatus is obtained, and in which case the
instruments or apparatus are better adapted as condensers and for
forming a vacuum in steam engine cylinders or elsewhere.
The first part then of the present Invention consists in using a more
numerous series of nozzles than has hitherto been employed in injectors

page_text: or ejectors, or ejector condensers, these constituting a compound nozzle.
In connection with the hollow central spindle nozzle or blow through
pipe of such apparatus a self-acting valve is adapted which admits the
steam from the boiler at such times as the vacuum approaches perfection.
This valve may either be made to open by the pressure of the atmosphere
or by steam pressure.
The second part of the Invention consists in placing a stop-cock or
valve in the passage connecting two of the branches or passages in the
instruments or apparatus constituting the injectors, ejectors, or ejector
condensers herein-before referred to so that the branches may be put in
communication with each other or their communication cut off.
The third part of the Invention relates to utilizing the hollow space in
engine frames and soles as well as forming hollow chambers around the
cylinders and valve casings of steam engines, and in employing such
spaces as reservoirs or receivers, into which the exhaust steam may enter
before passing into the ejector condenser, thus avoiding the necessity of
employing a special chamber for that purpose, or the nozzles may be put
inside one of such engine frames or soles, or the nozzles may be placed
in a chamber sufficiently large to dispense with the use of the spaces in
the frames or soles.
The remaining part of my Invention relates to improvements in certain
parts of the condensers described and illustrated in the Specification and
Drawings of Letters Patent granted to me on or about the 11th day of
April 1868, No. 1216, and they consist,-
A. In employing two or more valves at the foot of the instrument or
apparatus, the passages leading to the valves being so shaped as to allow
the water to be more rapidly blown out than hitherto.
B. In employing a valve between the equalizing chamber or receiver,
and the condenser for the purpose of preventing water passing thereinto
from the condenser as well as for equalizing the flow of steam to the
condenser.
C. To improvements in the gear for actuating the lift valve of blow-
through condensers, this consisting in employing a disc carried on a
shaft on which two adjustable blocks or plates are fixed at a distance
apart. The shaft is vibrated by means of an eccentric on the engine
shaft, and the adjustable blocks act against a lifting rod whose length is
also adjustable. this being again coupled to a horizontal lever to which

page_text: the lifting rod of the valve is attached, so that the valve is lifted every
time that the adjustable blocks on the disc strike on the roller or lower
end of the adjustable link.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood, I now
proceed more particularly to specify several constructions of apparatus
in or by which it may be used or carried into practical effect, reference
being had to the several Figures upon the three explanatory Sheets of
Drawings which I have hereunto appended, that is to say:-
On Sheet 1 some parts of my present Invention are shown as now
set forth.
To explain then my Invention still more distinctly I have at Figure 1
of the Drawings on Sheet 1 shown the apparatus as it is constructed
up to the present time under Letters Patent previously granted to me.
This Figure being a longitudinal section of the apparatus and which
may be used for injecting or ejecting liquids, or for condensing and
ejecting condensible vapours or gases such as steam. In it are four
nozzles A. B. C. and D, through the first of which, a blow-through
pipe A steam from the boiler is admitted by the branch G provided with
the stop-cock H. down through, that is, beyond the second nozzle B,
or into the remaining nozzles C and D. On starting the apparatus into
action, and as soon as it (the steain jet) has caused the water to flow, the
other steam, which may be either steam direct from a boiler or that
coming from an engine or machine wherein it has performed a previous
action, or from a vessel or chamber from which it is to be exhausted. is
admitted through the branches E and F, and it acts on the water as
shown in the Figure, and when the steam thus acts upon the water the
starting jet admitted through the nozzle or blow-through pipe A may
or may not be wholly or partially shut off by the stop-cock H.
It is to be understood that this Figure 1 forms no part of my present.
Invention and that under the Letters Patent, according to the terms of
which this Specification is filed. I make no claim to what is set forth
in the Provisional Specification as the second part of my Invention, as
I am advised since the date of my said Provisional Specification.
No. 1599, 1869, that this second feature or part is disclosed in the
Specification of Letters Patent, granted to me No. 312, 1869.
At Figure 2, Sheet 1, is shown in longitudinal section an ejector
condenser constructed in accordance with some of my present improve-
ments.

page_text: In the apparatus now shown the "more numerous series of nozzles
referred to in my Provisional Specification as the first part of my
Invention are included, and some of them marked D, D', D³, are so
united together as to form a compound nozzle. On the nozzle C lugs
or projecting pieces a are cast, and on their outer ends portions of a
screw-thread are cut, over which the next nozzle D is secured; and on
the nozzle D lugs or projections bare formed, over which the next
nozzle D' is screwed, and so on throughout the nozzles, that marked D
being supported in the fixed nozzle E, which is fixed into the body of
the apparatus as shown. When the nozzles are thus put together
between each of the lugs or projections, by which each is held to the
next nozzle a space F is left as shown at Figure 3, Sheet 1, which is a
transverse section through the nozzles on the line a, a, Figure 2, and
through these spaces F the steam passing in through the branch K
reaches the water jet, coming in through the branch G, and escaping at
the nozzle B. I is the chamber or reservoir into which the exhaust
steam from the engine cylinders escapes. A hanging or flap valve ] is
placed between the chamber I and the steam branch K of the ejector
condenser, the purpose of which is herein-after set forth. The central
nozzle or blow-through pipe A is adjustable in position by means of the
Screw L, and this pipe is placed in connection with the steam space of
the boiler by the branch M, to which the valve box N is attached. This
box N contains the annular lift valve O, attached to the spindle and
link P and P', and through these by the lever Q to the piston R in the
atmospheric cylinder R'. The lower part of the cylinder R' is connected
by the pipe S to the chamber I, and a spring T connects the lever Qto
the valve cover to which the spring is hooked, and by means of its
tension draws the lever Q downwards and keeps the valve O shut, except
at such times as it is opened by the atmospheric pressure acting on the
piston R, namely, when the vacuum in the chamber I is reduced too
Jow to maintain the water flowing through the apparatus. At such
times the valve O being lifted allows a little steam from the boiler to
flow through the central nozzle or blow-through pipe A, and this
maintains the water running until sufficient pressure is restored in the
chamber I, it being explained that a very little pressure above zero in the
chamber I is sufficient to maintain the water in motion, that is to say, a
pressure equal to the difference between the partial vacuum formed in the
cylinders of the engine and a total vacuum, but when the vacuum
approaches too near the total then the steam coming from the boiler

page_text: prevents the apparatus from ceasing to act. The arrows indicate the
passage of steam and water through the apparatus, and when in action
the steam flowing from the chamber 1 keeps the valve J open in the
position shown in dotted lines, but when the ejector condenser is stopped
the atmospheric pressure acting on the water issuing from the discharge
pipe forces it back into the apparatus where there is a vacuum or
partial vacuum, and the valve J being then shut prevents the water from
passing into the chamber I and the cylinders.
By the arrangement of steam nozzles C, D, D', D, E, shown it is
obvious that the water jet issuing from the nozzle B receives a succession
of impulses of steam as it is passing through them and by means of this
succession of impulses the water is caused to flow through the nozzles
more efficiently than hitherto. At the same time a greater number or a
larger area of condensing surfaces of water are obtained (namely, a con-
densing surface between each pair of nozzles) than in apparatus of the
kind as at present constructed with four nozzles. The chamber I is
connected to the vacuum chamber V beyond the nozzles as in the
Drawings of the Specification of my Letters Patent, No. 1216, 1868, and
provided with a stop cock as shown, by which the communication
between the two chambers may be established or cut off as required.
Figure 4, Sheet is a vertical section of an ejector condenser slightly
different in its arrangement from that shown at Figures 2 and 3. In
this Figure the arrangement of the series of nozzles or compound
nozzle is substantially similar to what is herein-before described with
reference to Figure 2, excepting that in this case a less number of such
nozzles are employed. The blow-through pipe A is adjustable by the
screw and the steam nozzle B is adjustable by means of the screws X.
Two steam branches K and K' are employed, and these may either be
attached to a receiving chamber as in Figure 2 or direct to the engine
or other exhaust pipes. A piston valve O is used for admitting steam
through the blow-through pipe or central nozzle A, and it is actuated
by means of the piston R in the atmospheric cylinder R', this cylinder
being connected to the vacuum chamber W by the pipe T. The action
of this arrangement of the apparatus being so obvious from the Drawing
Figure 4, and similar to what is herein-before set forth with regard to
Figures 2 and 3, it need not be further referred to.
At. Figure 5, Sheet 1 a vertical section of an apparatus for injecting,
cjecting, or condensing fluids or what is set forth in the Provisional

page_text: Specification as the third part of the Invention is shown, namely,
the placing of the stop-cock A in the passage or conduit B which
connects the branch or steam passage C surrounding the nozzle D with
the branch or steam passage or chamber E surrounding the steam
nozzle F. By means of this arrangement the water jet is started into
action through the nozzles by admitting steam at the branch C, this
rushing down through the passage and nozzle D induces forward so as to
flow together with it the water which is drawn into the apparatus
through the branch H, and as soon as the water jet is thus put into
motion the stop-cock A is opened into the position shown in the
Drawing, and which therefore allows the steam to pass into the lower
passage or chamber E, into the nozzle I through the openings a therein
into the next nozzle K, and thence around the nozzle K through the
open space shown in the Drawing so as to ultimately impinge upon
the water jet at the point 2. By means of this arrangement of the
apparatus it may be caused to inject or eject a small quantity of liquid
or condense a small quantity of steam when the stop-cock A, is shut, or
to inject or eject a larger quantity of liquid or condense a larger quantity
of steam when the stop-cock A is open, and another advantage resulting
from this arrangement is that it is capable of feeding or injecting a
liquid at a much higher temperature than with other apparatus of the
class hitherto constructed. The water jet being first heated by the con-
densation of steam at the point w is further heated by the condensation
of the steam at the point, receives an additional increase of heat at
the point y, and another elevation in temperature by the condensation
of steam at the point z. The apparatus as shown at Figure 5 is more
especially intended as an injector or ejector, and to that end is provided
with an overflow chamber and orifice S also with a foot valve T so
shaped as to effect a minimum of resistance to the liquid passing around
it and to shut easily when any reaction takes place, but when used as a
condenser the orifice S is closed up. The screw U is for regulating the
position of the nozzle D, and the quantity of steam passing there
through is adjusted in the usual manner by the central spindle V.
An arrangement of apparatus very nearly similar to that now last set
forth, is shown in section at Sheet 2 of the annexed Drawings, the only
substantial difference in this case from that which precedes consisting in
the employment of a second branch P through which liquid is admitted,
by this means the liquid current escaping through the last nozzle C
induces another liquid current through the branch P.

page_text: On Sheet 3 are shown my improvements in blow-through condensers.
Figure 1 is a side elevation; Figure 2, a plan; and Figure 3, a vertical
section of a blow-through condenser with my improvements embodied
as applicable to high-pressure steam engines. The steam passes direct
from the exhaust port of the cylinder into the condenser through the
branch A, escapes down the chamber B, and blows out the water con-
tained in the lower part thereof through the valves C into the sur-
rounding cistern or hot well F. These valves which are four in number
are placed on a valve box D square in plan with rectangular openings d
at either side closed by flap valves C. The lower part of the valve box
is of pyramidal form with the sides of the pyramid curved as shown and
the hollow underneath is filled in with Portland cement or other material.
The valves C are fitted with stops e so that they may not open more
than a fixed distance. These stops may be applied in various forms. At
the upper part of the condenser the branch G is connected to a cistern
of water not shown in the Drawings, from which the water flows in and
fills the chamber E, in the bottom of which the valve or clack I attached
to the rod or spindle K is fitted to a correspondingly formed valve seat.
The spindle K is connected at the top to the centre of the lever T.
vibrating at one end on the joint 7 and having an adjustable rod m joined
to its opposite extremity. At the lower end of this adjustable rod m is
an antifriction roller M, the pin carrying which passes through the end
of the rod m, and is supported at its ends in the arms of a forked lever N
vibrating on the joint n fixed to a flanch on the condenser. A cam O
having two adjustable blocks, plates, or tappets p. p. bolted to its
periphery at a distance apart is supported in bearings placed in the
bracket P bolted to a flanch R cast on the side of the condenser, and is
placed with that part of its periphery which is not occupied by the
blocks, plates, or tappets p. p. almost touching the antifriction roller M,
so that when the cam O actuated by means of the crank S and
eccentric T fixed on the engine shaft moves the roller M is caused to rise
and fall according as it comes into contact with or leaves the blocks,
plates, or tappets p, p, which also causes the spindle K to rise and fall.
whereby the valve I is intermittently lifted and thus allowed to fall and
close on its seat. The action of this form of blow-through condenser
is as follows: Directly the steam which passes into the lower part of
the condenser comes into contact with the water therein it blows it out
through the foot valves C into the chamber or hot well F, whence a
sufficient quantity of it is taken to feed the boiler, whilst the remainder

page_text: may be otherwise used or allowed to run to waste, and at the same time
the valve I is lifted, which allows cold water to fall into the lower part
of the condenser. which instantly condenses any vapour that may remain
therein, at the same time it fills the lower part of the condenser in
readiness to be acted upon and blown out by the steam at the next
exhaust. As the engine is in action the operations now explained are
continuously repeated. It is preferred to construct the chief parts of
the condenser with air spaces or in any other way to reduce their tendency
for conducting heat. To this end an air space seen in the vertical section
Figure 3, is formed at the sides of the chamber H.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the
system, mode, or manner, in or under which the same is or may be used
or practically carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that
what I consider novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is.-
First. The employment of a series of nozzles constituting the com-
pound nozzle arranged so as to provide a greater number of condensing
surfaces, and for ensuring the more efficient action of apparatus as
herein-before described and shown at Figures 2, 4, and 5, Sheet 1, and at
the Figure on Sheet 2 of the annexed Drawings.
Second. The employment of a valve in the passage or conduit between
the condenser and the receiver or between the ejector condenser
and steam engine cylinders as herein-before set forth and shown at J
Figure 2, Sheet 1 of the annexed Drawings.
Third. The employment of a stop-cock or valve in the conduit or
passage connecting the steam chamber or passage in apparatus for
injecting, ejecting, and condensing liquids or fluids for the purpose of
opening or closing the communication between the upper and lower
steam nozzles, as herein-beforedescribed and shown atA,Figure 5.Sheet 1,
and at the Figure on Sheet 2 of the annexed Drawings.
Fourth. The employment of the hollow spaces in engine frames and
soles as well as the forming of chambers around steam engine cylinders
and valve casing as receptacles for nozzles, thus converting such
chambers or spaces with nozzles placed in or attached to them into
combined ejector condensers and equalizing or receiving chambers.
Fifth. The arrangement of the foot or base of blow-through condensers
having valves on two or more sides. and having the interior shaped as

page_text: herein-before set forth and shown at Figure 3. Sheet 3, of the annexed
Drawings.
in
Sixth. The arrangement of gear for lifting the injection valve
blow-through condensers as hercin set forth and shown at Figures 1
and 2, Sheet 3 of the annexed Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Andrew Barclay, have hereunto
set my hand and scal, this Twenty-second day of November One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
ANDREW BARCLAY. (L.S.)