matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edwards at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th May 1868.
I, JOHN EDWARDS, of 29, Basinghall Street, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT
WAY OF RAILWAYS," to bo as follows:-
I fix suitable iron arms to the sides of the rails; these arms are fixed by
means of bolts and nuts, or bolts and cotters; these bolts I sometimes mako
hollow to get extra strength; these bolts I apply to fasten fish plates and
other parts of the permanent way. Under the arms I place a wood or other
sleeper; the sleepers pass between the stay and arms which then hold them
in position. Under the rail I pass a brace or stay which is fixed to the ends
of the arms by bolts and nuts, or otherwise. Under the rail and inside the
brace, I place a filling piece of any suitable material. When I use iron
sleepers, which are mado of angle iron cut to length, I prefer to make the
sleepers answer the purpose of fish plates and sleepers combined: theso
sleepers sometimes I form by carrying a thin plate of metal from arm to
arm and so save metal for the arms. I use T iron with holes punched to.get
the bolts in, but I do not confine myself to this plan as the arms can be
formed in many ways; tie bars of wood or metal are passed under and bolted
to the sleepers. Also I apply a capping to the rails; this capping is rolled to
fit the head of the rails and is either bolted, sprung, or forced on. This capping
takes the wear of the rails, and it is only requisite to renew the capping instead
of the whole rail.
AN IMPROVED TREATMENT OF TEXTILE SUBSTANCES; TO OBTAIN A SPECIES OF SUBSTITUTE FOR COTTON
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest Henry Luebbers at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th October 1863.-A communication from abroad by Joseph Jaubert;
of Marseilles, in the Empire of France.
I, ERNEST HENRY LUEBBERS, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED TREATMENT OF TEXTILE SUBSTANCES; TO OBTAIN A SPECIES OF
SUBSTITUTE FOR COTTON," (a communication to me from abroad by Joseph
Jaubert, of Marseilles, in the Empire of France,) to be as follows:-
The textile substances or materials which yield the best results under the
improved treatment communicated to me are hemp, flax, and jute, the tow or
waste from these fibrous materials employed in linen and other manufactures,
and old ropes, oakum, and mats made from the same substances.
The Invention consists in and the advantageous production of a desirable
fibre or species of cotton can only be obtained by the particular process
followed, which is as under:-First; the substances or materials to be operated
on are thoroughly washed in water; second, they are torn or unravelled by a
breaking-up machine, known to paper makers as a "devil;" third; they are
bleached with or by chlorine, either in the form of gas or in chlorine solutions,
but preferably the latter, both of which processes are well known; fourth,
they are dried by a blast of air protected from the sun's rays; fifth, they are
carded in a roughing card, and finally in a finished card, both of the usual
description.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE EMISSION OF GAS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Claes at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd October
1863. A communication from Pierre Alsina, Engineer, residing at
Madrid, Calle Baño, 6 (Spain).
I, JOSEPH CLAES, of 18, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of
France, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE EMISSION OF GAS," &
that it is a communication from Pierre Alsina, Engineer, a person resident
at Madrid, Calle Baño, 6 (Spain, to be as follows:-
The apparatus is placed on the delivery pipe coming from the meter, and
consists of an outer casing open at the top, enclosing a small gasometer
suspended by weights and pullies, and connected by a small iron rod with a
valve which shuts or opens more or less the orifice of the delivery pipe as the
gasometer rises and falls, thus regulating the supply of gas to the burners and
preventing undue pressure, for when an extra amount of pressure is on the gas
the gasometer rises, and in so doing closes more or less the opening of the
delivery pipe by means of the valve connected with the cupola of the gasometer
by the small rod above mentioned. A sufficient pressure is brought to bear
on the gas in the gasometer by means of weights or springs placed at the top
of the gasometer, the gas passes on to the burners through the supply pipe.
which enters the gasometer at the bottom, as does the delivery pipe, both rising
a suflicient beight above the water with which the outer casing or receiver is

page_text: filled, and which rises in the gasometer a certain height, an escape pipe pro-
vided with a cock carrying off the surplus water should too much be placed in
the receiver. Two cocks adapted to the supply and delivery pipes let off the
condensed water.
The size of the apparatus differs according to the number of burners to be
supplied, as does the number of weights and pullies; the pullies turn in suitable
bearings fixed to the pipe introducing the gas.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SURFACE CONDENSERS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Randolph and John Elder
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 20th April 1863.
We, CHARLES RANDOLPH and JOHN ELDER, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SURFACE CONDENSERS," to be as follows, that
is to say:
This Invention relates to surface condensers of the kind having a series of
tubes in a casing, and comprises improved means of holding the tubes in the
tube plates.
In carrying out the Invention, according to one modification, short tubes
or ferrules are fixed in the tube plate, so as to project a little on the outer
side, and the condenser tubes are passed through these fixed tubes, being made
of such a length as to project a little beyond their outer ends. There is then
passed over the end of each condenser tube, and fixed tubo a short tube of
an elastic material, such as vulcanised rubber, which grasps both and makes
a water-tight joint without hindering the slight movements caused by the
expansion and contraction of the metal.
According to another modification, instead of fixing short tubes or ferrules
in the tube plates, projecting rims, answering the same purpose, are formed
on the plates themselves by boring, turning, or otherwise.
In- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONNECTING AND SECURING TOGETHER PLANKS OF WOOD, APPLICABLE TO THE BUILDING AND CAULKING OF SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Lilley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
February 1863.
I, GEORGE HENRY LILLEY, of Dalston, in the County of Middlesex,
Draughtsman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONNECTING AND SECURING TOGETHER PLANKS OF
WOOD, APPLICABLE TO THE BUILDING AND CAULKING OF SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in connecting and securing together planks of wood
in the following manner :-I will describe the Invention as applied to securing
the planks of ships. I form along the top and bottom edges of the planks
lengthwise, holes or apertures, the said holes or apertures in one plank corre-
sponding with those in the other, and into which I insert right and left handed
screws. The screws at or about their centre have nuts thereon with apertures
therein. The material for caulking is led from one screw to the other between
the planks, and by inserting levers in the apertures in the nuts, the planks are
drawn together with the caulking between the nuts taking into recesses formed
in the planks for that purpose, and thus a perfectly water-tight and flush joint
is obtained. The material I prefer for caulking is vulcanized india-rubber,
but any other suitable material may be used.
Ax IMPROVED MODE OF PERCHING AND DRESSING TEXTILE FABRICS DURING THE PROCESS OF WEAVING
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Crabtree and James Crow-
ther at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 7th January 1863.
We, WILLIAM CRABTREE, of Newton Green, near Todmorden, in the County
of York, Manufacturer, and JAMES CROWTHER, of the same Place, Weaver,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Ax IMPROVED MODE
OF PERCHING AND DRESSING TEXTILE FABRICS DURING THE PROCESS OF WEAVING,"
to be as follows:-
Immediately under the breast beam of the loom we place a roller which
extends across the loom. The surface of this roller is covered with card,
cloth, teazles, or other material usually employed for the purpose of raising
and cleansing the surface or face of textile fabrics. The pivots of this roller
work in adjustable bearings, so that the surface of the roller can be brought
into contact (with more or less pressure) with the face side of the fabric which
is being woven in the. loom. The roller when at work turns round on its
axis (with more or less velocity as may be required) by means of a band,
strap, or toothed geering, which communicates motion to it from one or other
of the other motions of the loom. By this means the card, cloth, or other
material perches and dresses the textile fabric at the same time that it is being
woven or produced in the loom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING ELASTIC FABRICS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Gardner at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
November 1863.
I, EDWARD GARDNER, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lan-
caster, Loom Maker and Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING ELASTIC FABRICS,"
to be as follows:-
I employ an improved batten in which two or more shuttles for each web
are driven by one metal slide or driver acting on detached pegs placed on a
rod or rods at the back of the shuttles and shuttle guides, each of the pegs
being acted upon by projections and notches in the metal slide or driver,
thereby causing the pegs to seize the shuttles and carry them to and fro
between the sheds of the web or fabric, alternately holding and relieving the
shuttles at the required time. It is evident that the same system of driving
the shuttles is also applicable to those looms in which only one shuttle is used
for each web.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PORTABLE HOOKA' PIPES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur John Cooke at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th March
1863.
I, ARTHUR JOHN COOкE, of Crown Court, Bow Street, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PORTABLE HOOKA' PIPES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in certain improvements in the construction of
hooka pipes, whereby they are rendered capable of being carried in the
pocket while being smoked, the tube only being visible.
I propose to employ a cylindrical, flat, or oval shaped vessel of metal or
glass, the upper part of which is to be provided with a cap or stopper, through
which the stem of the pipe bowl descends into the liquid in the vessel. The
short leg of an inverted syphon is fixed in the interior of the vessel in such
position as to be above the level of the liquid; the long end protrudes through
the top of the vessel, and to this end the flexible tube and mouth-piece are
attached. At the end of the syphon a bulb is formed to receive the narcotic
oil resulting from the tobacco. When required for out-door use the apparatus
may be placed in a case or box of thin metal, having apertures at the top for
the admission of air and escape of the smoke, and through one of which
apertures the flexible tube is passed, thus ensuring perfect safety to the
smoker.
PROPELLING VESSELS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION AND SIZE BY WATER POWER
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Yenn Meirat at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th June
1863.
I, YENN MEIRAT, of No. 2, Angel Court, Great Windmill Street, in the
5 Parish of St. James, & County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "PROPELLING VESSELS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION AND
SIZE BY WATER POWER," to be as follows:-
The water to be admitted into an opening or openings at the bow or forward
part of the vessel, flowing through a tube or tubes into a reservoir, and acting
upon machinery which gives motion to screws or paddle wheels, and thereby
propels the vessel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STARCHES BY THE INTRODUCTION OF COLORING MATTERS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Medway and Samuel
Joyce at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 14th November 1863.
We, JAMES MEDWAY and SAMUEL JOYCE, of 15, Owen's Row, in the County
of Middlesex, Manufacturing Chemists, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STARCHES BY THE
INTRODUCTION OF COLORING MATTERS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists of the introduction of coloring matter, matters, or
pigments into various kinds of starch (other than the blue usually found in
what is commonly known as starch.) The process of manufacture is to in-
corporate the coloring matter, matters, or pigments with starch to produce any
tint, shade, or color desired, and this process may be performed by using the
starch or starches and coloring matter, matters, or pigments, either in a wet
or dry state, according to convenience or the nature of the ingredients to be
used.
For example, for rose color we would use carmine from cochineal or
safflower (or preparations from cochineal or safflower) in proportions of about
one quarter of an ounce to one pound of starch, and similar proportions for
the following, varying, of course, according to the intensity of color required.
For yellow, we would employ saffron. For green, combinations of saffron and
ultramarine.
Having now described the nature of our Invention, we wish it to be
distinctly understood that we claim no originality, so far as the starch or

page_text: starches used in our Invention is concerned, but only for the novelty of the
introduction of coloring matters and pigments (other than the blue herein-
before mentioned) into starch or starches, and this is what we consider novel
and original and as our Invention.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN ALABUMS FOR PORTABLE AND STATIONARY USES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Cartwright at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th January
1863.
I, MATTHEW CARTWRIGHT, of Islington, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ALABUMS FOR PORTABLE AND STATIONARY USES," to be as follows:-
My alarum, according to the scale on which it is made, is intended to be
worn in the pocket or to be fixed in any part of a building or otherwise.
It consists of a spring
I enclose the alarum in a case or not, as required.
made to act through wheelwork upon a ratchet wheel, which drives a double
ratchet, on the shaft of which one or more hammers is or are mounted, all
held between plates or in a suitable frame. There are as many bells as
hammers, and on the spring being wound up the hammers are made to
oscillate and strike the bells, no matter in what position the alarum is held.
I provide a stop pin, which gears into the ratchet wheel, and stops the working
of the apparatus after the spring is wound up, until it is released from the
wheel, and this is done by simply pulling it.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR DAMPING AND AFFIXING POSTAGE STAMPS TO LETTERS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Gordon at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th January
1868.
I, THOMAS GORDON, of No. 41, King Street, Soho, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD
OF AND APPARATUS FOR DAMPING AND AFFIXING POSTAGE STAMPS TO LETTERS," to
be as follows:-
The chief object of this Invention is to prevent the disagreeableness
occasioned by wetting postage stamps with the mouth to affix the same to
letters, and this I do by the following method and apparatus:-I have a tank
or reservoir for water incased in wood, metal, or any other suitable material
forming the base, in this I insert a cotton with sponge attached communicating
by means of a small tube with a perpendicular square box or cylinder on the
top of the base (of which there are two, one on the left and one on the right
hand side, elevated by means of four small springs so as to form openings for
the reception of the letter), the left hand box or cylinder contains the sponge,
it has also a piston working in a sliding cylinder, which when pressed (the
letter being placed in the opening formed as aforesaid) damps the corner of
the letter. The right-hand box or cylinder, which is portable, contains the
stamps, by passing the letter from left to right, and pressing the piston as
aforesaid, fixes the stamp firmly and securely to the letter.
The above can be made in various designs in wood, metal, porcelain, or
any other suitable material.
ALL ENGLAND CRICKETER'S CLASP
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Brierley and Barzillai
Greenwood at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 17th March 1863.
We, JOHN HENRY BRIERLEY, of 58, Aldermanbury, London, and Beech
Hill Mills, Halifax, Yorkshire, and BARZILLAI GREENWOOD, of 5, Church
Road, New Cross, London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for an "ALL ENGLAND CRICKETER'S CLASP," to be as follows:-
Hitherto in the manufacture of metal cricket clasps it has been customary
to emboss or form in the usual manner by means of dies cut for the purpose
what has been intended to represent "the Eleven of All England Cricketers,"
or the "All England United Cricketers," in groups differently arranged, or a
selection of one or more of these persons according to the taste of the
designer. We make use of the photographs of any number of men selected
from the present or any future "Eleven of All England Cricketers" or
"United All England Cricketers," and group them together by means of
photography; or we take any photographic group of any number of the
Elven of All England Cricketers, or the United All England Cricketers, so
reduced by means of photography as to be of suitable size for insertion into a
metal clasp for a cricket belt, and then by means of certain special chemical
solutions so glaze or size the photograph that it becomes impervious to or not
affected by damp or rain. We afterwards insert the photographs into the metal
clasps by means of metal frames, and thus produce metal cricket clasps, each
one of which contains a photographic representation of one or more of the
"Eleven of All England Cricketers," or the "United All England Cricketers."
IMPROVEMENTS IN CYLINDER PRINTING MACHINES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Ullmer and William
Ullmer at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 11th December 1863.
We, EDWIN ULLMER and WILLIAM ULLMER, both of Castle Street, in
the City of London, Printing Machine Manufacturers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CYLINDER PRINTING
MACHINES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention applies chiefly to those cylinder printing machines in
which the cylinder remains stationary during the return of the printing
table, and consists first in effecting the feed of paper to be printed to the
grippers by mechanical means instead of by hand as heretofore.
For this purpose we apply over the heap of paper to be so fed a shaft or
shafts with revolving brushes or with revolving discs composed of or faced
with india-rubber or other soft substance. Or we mount a series of fingers
tipped with or formed of india-rubber or other like soft substance upon a
shaft or shafts and impart a rocking motion to such shafts.
Our Invention consists, secondly, in the combined employment of endless
belts or cords placed to receive the paper on being abandoned by the grippers
on the printing cylinder, and to deliver the paper on to the receiving board
and of other endless belts or cords travelling over rollers and round the
printing cylinder, which latter belts are made to travel in the same direction
as the first named belts and prevent the printed paper from rising and flying
off from those belts.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN COVERING WIRE, CRINOLINE STEEL, OR HOOPS FOR SKIRTS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Frederick Cashin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
January 1863.
I, THOMAS FREDERICK CASHIN, Civil Engineer, of Sheffield, in the County
of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN COVERING WIRE, CRINOLINE STEEL, OR HOOPS FOR SKIRTS," to be
as follows:-
It is proposed, according to this Invention, in covering wire, crinoline steel,
or other article intended for the purpose of stiffening skirts, to apply paper
or "cloth paper," that is, cloth faced with paper pulp, of sufficient width to
cover both sides and edges and overlap. Paste or other adhesive preparation
is used to fasten the paper on the steel or other materials, around which it may
be simply lapped and folded or wound around by machinery, or may be drawn
upon it between dies and pulleys. Steel wire or metallic bands, when necessary,
are covered with lacker composed of naptha and gum or other suitable com-
position to prevent corrosion. When covered the bands or strips, of whatever
length, are subjected to a process of drying by the application of heated irons
or rolls, and may be glazed and have a pattern printed thereon, or they may be
embossed with sunk or raised patterns, or impressed with appropriate devices
and edgings, coloured paper or "cloth paper," plain or ornamental, may also
be used, or colour may be applied when the article is covered.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RED AND ORANGE COLORING MATTERS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Perkin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th April 1868.
I, WILLIAM HENRY PERKIN, of Seymour Villa, Sudbury, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RED AND ORANGE COLORING MATTERS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of red
and orange coloring matters. It has before been proposed by myself and
others to act on a salt of napthalamine with nitrite of potash or other nitrite,
so as to obtain a red or orange coloring matter, but the process has been of no
commercial value, as the reaction when these two substances only are employed
is incomplete and variable, besides which the proper purification of the color
has not heretofore been effected.
According to my Invention I employ, in addition to the salt of napthalamine
and the nitrite an alkali or basic substance capable of taking some of the acid
from the salt of napthalamine. I employ in practice the hydrochlorate of
napthalamine, nitrite of potash, and potash, and to two equivalents of the first I
add one equivalent of each of the latter immediately chloride of potassium is
formed, and one equivalent of nitrous acid is left to act on two equivalents of
napthalamine the required coloring matter is precipitated it may at once be
used as a pigment for printing, or it may be dissolved in alcohol and used as a
dye; the color is, however, much improved by purification, which I effect by
washing it with water, then dissolving it in alcohol or other solvent and

page_text: crystallizing it out therefrom. To produce the purified pigment I precipitate
a solution of the purified color by means of water. In place of employing the
bydrochlorate of napthalamine other salts thereof may be used. Other nitrites
may be substituted for the nitrite of potash, and other basic substances for
potash; indeed, for the sake of economy, it may be desirable to employ soda
and the nitrite of soda in lieu of potash and the nitrite of potash.
The pigment above mentioned is red, but as a dye the color produces an
orange stain.
I also produce a similar coloring matter from sulpho-napthalamic acid
by treating it with nitrite of potash or other nitrite, and in this case also I
prefer to employ potash or a basic substance in addition to the nitrite. A
more or less imperfect result may also be obtained by treating sulpho-
napthalamic acid with nitrous acid in a free state. The coloring matter
produced is similar to that produced from napthalamine, but is much more
soluble in water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PARTS OF THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th September 1863.-A communication from abroad by Narcisse
Antonin Brocot and Aimé Labarre, both of the Rue du Faubourg Saint
Martin, Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PARTS OF THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS," a communication to me from
abroad by Narcisse Antonin Brocot and Aimé Labarre, both of the Rue du
Faubourg Saint Martin, Paris, France, to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to more completely secure the jointings of
the rails of the permanent way of a railway, no matter what fish plate or chair
be used.
It is proposed to substitute in lieu of the two bolts nearest the but ends of
the rails an iron key with iron cottar or wedge. This new method will give a
rigidity to the joint which will not be liable to become relaxed, the two rails
will be more bound in one than if tied by four bolts as usual, and if a rupture
should take place near the joint, the key would offer a resistance against dis-
location much greater than would the two intermediate bolts to be dispensed
with, further to keep the two end bolts from unscrewing, it is proposed to.
secure them by means of a metal plate fitting on to the key, and with its two
ends cut so as to embrace two or more sides of the nuts of the two end bolts.

page_text: This plate being passed over the end of the key until it lies with its two ends
against the nuts of the bolts a cottar or wedge is passed through the key on
one side the rail, and a tight and rigid joint is secured.
It is proposed to divide the end of the cottar or wedge, so that when it is
passed through the hole in the key, the two branches thus formed may be
spread apart by any suitable tool, and the cottar be thus prevented from
shaking out under any vibration.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING RIBBONS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Tolhausen at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th January
1863. A communication from Antoine Comte, residing at St. Etienne
(Loire), France.
I, FREDERICK TOLHAUSEN, of No. 17, Rue du Faubourg, Montmartre,
Paris, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING RIBBONS;" a communication from
Antoine Comte, a person resident at St. Etienne (Loire), France, to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to divers arrangements, by which the hard work or
power necessary for tenting or actuating ribbon looms is virtually overcome,
and a greater (say nearly double the) number of ribbons may be woven at one
time by the operative with much less fatigue than in the various looms now
used for this purpose.
In this improved loom the batten or lathe is made with twice the number
of pieces, but of the same longitudinal dimensions as in the ordinary loom.
The second or additional set of pieces are placed underneath the first set, thus
increasing the height of the lathe, and the space between the successive warps
is made available for placing the reeds, through which each double piece of
ribbon passes.
By this arrangement the operative is enabled to see all the pieces weaving,
bearing in mind however that in fancy weaving the upper warps are woven the
right side up, whereas the lower ones are woven the wrong side up, as each of

page_text: the shuttles works the upper warp in its ascending course, and the next lower
one in its descending course. The batten is divided into two parts which slide
on blocks, and can be set more or less apart, according to the nature of the
work. When one of these parts rises the other is depressed to an equal
amount.
To the ordinary jacquard, which acts direct on the upper ribbon warps, I
superadd another, having no card cylinder or beam, and acting direct on the
lower or additional warps. This auxiliary jacquard is set in motion by means
of a double lever, which oscillates between the two jacquards in such manner
that it lifts the shed on one side whilst it lowers the shed of the other warp.
For said purpose the wires or needles in the first jacquard are made longer
than usual, so as to work into the auxiliary, and produce the contrary effect
therein. The auxiliary jacquard carries a moveable board on its grif to support
the hooks holding the threads, when said board descends all those hooks which
are not hung on the blades of the grif or leash box descend along with it. It
will be easily understood that by this arrangement I obtain an equipoised
motion for the shedding, allowing the loom to be worked with greater ease
and with a greater number of pieces than those now in use.
IMPROVED APPARATUS AND ARRANGEMENTS FOR GIVING BUOYANCY TO OR RAISING SINKING OR SUBMERGED SHIPS AND OTHER SINKING OR SUNKEN BODIES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Enoch Watkin James at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th October
1863.
I, ENOCH WATKIN JAMES, of Brynllys, in the County of Cardigan,
Farmer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
APPARATUS AND ARRANGEMENTS FOR GIVING BUOYANCY TO OR RAISING SINKING OR
SUBMERGED SHIPS AND OTHER SINKING OR SUNKEN BODIES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the use of air-tight bags or cases with flexible air-
tight tubes connected thereto, so that these bags when unfilled or uninflated
with air, gas, or buoyant vapour may be readily passed to a sinking or sub-
merged ship or body, and after being firmly secured in or to the same may be
filled or inflated with air, gas, or buoyant vapours through the air-tight tubes
aforesaid, by which means the ship or body will be quickly buoyed up or raised
to the surface. And such bags or cases and tubes might be kept on board of
ships and vessels, and might when a ship or vessel is in danger of sinking or
foundering be inflated with air, gas, or buoyant vapour, giving buoyancy and
avoiding wreck. When a vessel or body is embedded in sand or mud I should,
in order to give a "start" to the same, sink to beneath it a blasting tube with
small powder receptacle at its end, and apply only a sufficient charge to just
move the vessel, and not sufficient to destroy or injure it.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN TIME INDICATORS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Applegate at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st March
1863.
I, FRANK APPLEGATE, of Bradford-on-Avon, in the County of Wilts, Woollen
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " IM-
PROVEMENTS IN TIME INDICATORS," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in time indicators consists in the application
of revolving discs on which to represent the progress of time instead of hands
as in a clock or watch, such discs being so combined, arranged, and prepared
as to show the time as used and indicated in railway time tables, that is
to say, by representing the numeral or numerals corresponding with the hour
and also a numeral or numerals indicating the minutes; for example, 4 hours
20 minutes, instead of by the ordinary clock or watch face and bands, I prefer
to place the discs edge to edge, and for hours and minutes to use two or more
discs, the hours being marked on the one disc, and the minutes on the other
disc or discs, which of course extend from 1 to 60 inclusive. While the hour
disc may rank from 1 to 12, and to make the discs of nearly of same size I
repeat the hour numerals twice in the circumference, or if preferred hereafter
I mark the hours from 1 to 24 o'clock. These discs work in unison and
aro actuated by a spring, or weight, train and clock gear so as to make
what is termed dead beats or movements, that is to say, the minute disc
jumps suddenly from 1 to from 2 to 3, and so on, while the hour disc
performs the samo kind of movement.

page_text: A second disc may also be combined with this time indicator to show the
seconds by dead beats, as will be readily understood. These discs are obscured
from view in the clock or watch face except so much as appears through a
small aperture in the face which shows the hour and the minute, as 2.20,
4.40, 5.59, and so on, another aperture being provided for the seconds
disc, or it may even be shown through the samo opening. For watches
which may be very small or for clock faces, which it is desirable should be
seen at great distances, I apply a bull's eye or magnifying glass on the clock
or watch face, which shall magnify and render the indications of time much
more visible than if left unmagnified.
SHOOTING TOY FUSEES, TOY ROCKETS, OR OTHER SIMILAR TOY MISSILES BY MEANS OF TOY PISTOLS OR OTHER TOY FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Germain Canouil and François
Armand Blanchon at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 8th October 1863.
We, GERMAIN CANOUIL, of Paris, France, Chemist, and FRANÇOIS ARMAND
BLANCHON, of Paris, France, Manufacturer of Toy Arms, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "SHOOTING TOY FUSEES, TOY ROCKETS, OR OTHER
SIMILAR TOY MISSILES BY MEANS OF TOY PISTOLS OR OTHER TOY FIRE-ARMS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in shooting toy fusees, toy rockets, or other similar
toy missiles by means of toy pistols or other toy fire-arms.
For this purpose we manufacture toy fusees or toy rockets from a long
wooden match, a paper rolled spirally into a sort of fusee or any other light
material of suitable form, and we dip them in, or give them a coating of any
suitable firework composition in such manner as to allow by means of the
explosion of a percussion cap, a paper amorce, or other suitable medium
provided with a fulminating composition, not only set fire to the toy fusec,.
rocket, or other similar missile, but also throw the same forward at the
required distance, for which purpose the toy pistol or other toy fire-arm is
arranged in such manner as to allow of the toy fusee and fulminating com-
position to be applied to it, and obtain by percussion or friction the explosion.
of the fulminating composition, and thus set fire to the toy fusee, rocket, or
other similar missile, and throw the same forth at the required distance.
AN IMPROVED PENHOLDER AND FEEDER
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
October 1863. A communication from abroad by Jean Marie Laurent,
of the Rue du Faubourg Saint Martin, Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of No. 11,
Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PENHOLDER
AND FEEDER," (a communication to me from abroad by Jean Marie Laurent,
of the Rue du Faubourg Saint Martin, Paris, France,) to be as follows:-
The combined penholder and ink reservoir, the subject of this Invention,
is composed of a cylindrical tube which will contain ink. Round this tube
near its centre is a collar or ring, on which hinges a lever running lengthwise
with the tube or holder, and the branches of which may be of unequal length.
The upper extremity of the said lever carries a valve, which closes at
pleasure a corresponding hole in the tube, the object of which hole and valve is
to permit or prevent the admission of atmospheric air into the tube. The lower
extremity of the lever carries a head piece or plate, on which rests the thumb
of the writer, and the pressure of the thumb on this plate continues as long as
the writing, as it is this pressure which causes the opening of the hole above
mentioned, and permits the ink to feed the pen; whereas directly the pressure
is removed, a spring acting on the lower branch of the lever causes the valve.
to close the hole, and therefore when the pen is not working the ink no. longer
runs. The position of the plate may vary, and it may be acted upon by one
of the fingers if desired. Fusible metal is run into and closes the lower end

page_text: of the tube or holder, with the exception of a small hole made in the metal
for the passage of ink to a flexible brush, the bristles or hairs of which are held
captive in the plug of fusible metal, and which is constantly in contact with
the pen which it feeds with ink. The top of the tube or holder is closed by a
stopper, which is removed when a fresh supply of ink is to be introduced into
the tube.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAINS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Sturgeon at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the 24th July 1863.
I, THOMAS STURGEON, of Belle Sauvage Yard, in the City of London, do
bereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAINS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention is applicable to such endless and other chains as move through
and on guides, and consists of the links being connected together in such a
manner as to avoid all rivetting, thereby enabling such chains to be made at
inuch less expense and with less liability to breakage.
Although this may be accomplished by various methods, the one I prefer
consists in forming one extremity of each link a T-shaped piece of metal,
which fits into a corresponding female recess made purposely for it at the
opposite extremity of the following link. This recess being of the form of
a T, it is obvious that when the male T on the one link is placed in the
female recess of the other, if the pieces are constructed of suitable dimensions,
the shoulders or cross pieces on each link will be in contact, and if the links
be properly supported by the guides they cannot get away from each other,
but must move together as if they had been rivetted. Thus, by making links
with a male on one end and a corresponding female recess on the other, or by
making links with the T at both ends, and the same number with a recess at both
ends, chains may be constructed of any length and suitable for many purposes
for which similar rivetted chains are now in use, and by making the necessary
curves upon the shoulders of the T and recesses, the links will be enabled to move
round wheels in circular and other curves, and in other desired directions.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHOES FOR THE FEET OF HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS, AND IN THE MEANS OF CONNECTING THEM
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Bartholomew at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th July
1863.
I, GEORGE BARTHOLOMEW, of the Town and County of the Town of Linlithgow,
North Britain, Edge Tool Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHOES FOR THE FEET OF HORSES AND OTHER
ANIMALS, AND IN THE MEANS OF CONNECTING THEM," to be as follows:-
The object of the improvements is to give freedom to the natural action
of the animal's foot. For this purpose I connect the fore to the hind parts of
the shoe by hinges or elastic connections, also I apply to the fore part of it
extensions rising upward over the front of the hoof adapted to receive a band,
which may be of steel or other suitable material. To the sides of it I apply
guide pieces or clips, and the back is turned up to form an abutment which
has a pad or flap of strong leather or other suitable material with a plate to
keep the pad in shape and hooks or catches adapted to hold to the band,
which, when the shoe is applied to the foot passes from the front extensions
round and so as to be held by the back pad, and then extends to the front
again, where the ends are connected by a buckle or other suitable means so as
to hold the shoe in position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Jackson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th February
1863.
I, WILLIAM JACKSON, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PUMPS," to be as follows:-
My Invention is intended chiefly to apply to ships' pumps, but it is appli-
cable to pumps in general. I cause the suction pipe to terminate at top in a
bend, and at the botton of the bend I fix a box at right angles (or nearly so);
to this box I fit the pump barrel. The bucket is connected by a rod to one
end of a rocking beam; the other end of this beam is furnished with a friction
roller, and the beam is made to rock or reciprocate, so as to communicate
the requisite motion to the bucket by means of a cam mounted upon a shaft,
to which rotary motion is communicated by a crank, handle, or otherwise.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Hunt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th April
1868.
I, THOMAS HUNT, of Banbury, in the County of Oxford, Brewer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR
OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to obtain rotary motion by applying the
pressure of water or other fluids. To this end I provide a cylinder, which I
mount on trunnions like the cylinder of an oscillating engine, and within the
cylinder and at the opposite ends thereof I apply two pistons, which I connect
together by a parallel motion, or I otherwise arrange them so that the pressure
put on the face of the one piston will have a tendency to give a lateral motion
to the other piston. The ends of the cylinder I close in the usual way, and
convey water or other fluid under pressure into the space between the outer
face of the pistons and the cylinder ends. This pressure, by being simul-
taneously applied to the two pistons, will cause them to press edgewise against
the opposite sides of the cylinder, and thereby convey rotary motion thereto.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR MILLS FOR CRUSHING OR REDUCING OIL CAKE, SEEDS, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Hebblewhite at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th May
1868. A communication from abroad by Samuel Hebblowhite, of
Sydney, New South Wales.
I, BENJAMIN HEBBLEWHITE, of the Town of Kingston-upon-Hull, in the
County of the same Town, Draper, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR MILLS FOR CRUSHING OR
REDUCING OIL CAKE, SEEDS, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This machinery consists of a frame carrying toothed rollers, between which
the substance to be reduced is first passed in order that it may enter another
part of the machinery, which I term a pulverizer, in pieces of such size that
the pulverizer will not be liable to become choked. A hopper conducts the
substance, after being acted upon by the reducing rollers, into the pulverizer,
which consists of a closed cylinder, the inner surface of which is toothed; an
axis carrying toothed arms is fitted inside the cylinder, and the outlet from
the cylinder is covered or lined with wire gauze or with perforated plate. The
toothed arms are made to revolve rapidly, and the substance fed in from the
reducing rollers is projected against the interior surface of the cylinder, and
becoming pulverized, is driven out, when sufficiently fine, through the wire
gauze or perforated plate.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES AND SOAP
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Score at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th June
1863.
I, WILLIAM SCORE, of No. 30, St. Paul's Road, Camden Town, in the.
County of Middlesex, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES AND SOAP," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
candles and soap, and consists in the application to these manufactures of the
grease obtained by distilling the residue left when purifying cotton seed oil.
When cotton seed oil is purified by being boiled with sulphuric acid and
afterwards filtered, a residue or "foots" is left, which when distilled yields a
grease very suitable for being used in the manufacture of soap and candles.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN WASHING MACHINES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Thomas Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd May 1863.
I, WILLIAM THOMAS SMITH, of Dalston, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WASHING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the employment in or over a trough or other
vessel of one or more grooved rollers, to which motion is communicated by a
treadle and crank through an endless belt or toothed gear. The person
washing works the roller by the foot, while with the hands the clothes or
articles to be washed are kept in or pressed in contact with the grooved
roller. The projections or parts between the grooves act as beaters, and
remove all dirt from the articles after having been more or less soaped and
soaked in water in the usual manner. In some cases I also use a plain roller,
upon which the clothes or other articles rest while being acted upon by the
revolving beaters.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR FANNING OR FOR AGITATING AIR
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Norman at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th July
1863.
I, ALFRED NORMAN, of Clarenden Road, Notting Hill, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR FANNING OR FOR AGITATING AIR," to be as
follows:-
The object of my Invention is an apparatus for fanning or for agitating the
air for the purpose of keeping rooms or apartments cool and fresh. My
apparatus consists of an oval or otherwise shaped piece or fan, to which I
communicate a vibrating action or motion of revolution partial or entire, in
each direction alternately, by mechanical means, whereby I avoid the necessity
of working it by hand. This I do according to one arrangement by clockwork
or wheelwork, thus I mount the fan on an axis, carrying a pallet stud or abut-
ment driven by an escapement or toothed wheel worked by a train of wheels
actuated by a main spring, the axis also carries a balance wheel and a spring,
one end of which is attached to a fixed point. The axis is worked in one
direction by the escapement or toothed wheel, (which moves the pallet or
stud, and expands or extends the spring), and in the contrary direction by the
recoil or reaction of the spring. By these means the fan is driven partly
or wholly round, in each direction alternately, and the air is kept in constant
motion or agitation, and it thus cools or freshens the atmosphere of the chamber
to which the apparatus is applied.