IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE-SHOES AND HORSE-SHOE BLANKS, AND IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Benjamin Joseph Barnard Mills, of the Firm of Harris and
Mills, of 23, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE-SHOES AND HORSE-SHOE
BLANKS, AND IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME" A com-
munication from abroad by John Richardson Williams, of Pittsburgh, in the
State of Pennsylvania, and United States of America, Mechanician.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Benjamin Joseph Barnard
Mills at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th October 1876.
BENJAMIN JOSEPH BARNARD MILLS, of the Firm of Harris and Mills, of
23, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HORSE-SHOES AND HORSE-SHOE BLANKS, AND IN MACHINERY FOR
MANUFACTURING THE SAME.' A communication from abroad by John Richardson
Williams, of Pittsburgh, in the State of Pennsylvania, and United States of America,
Mechanician.
"
The Invention relates in part to the construction of rolls for producing horse-shoe
blanks with projections of pyramidal or other tapering shape which form calks on
the finished shoes. To this end the rolls are constructed with grooves to produce
ridges on the blanks, and with pockets within which the tapering projections are
formed out of these ridges. Pockets are also provided to form bosses or prominences
on the blank to afford material out of which to form clips herein-after referred to
projecting from the upper forward edge of the shoe.
The Invention further consists in constructing a horse-shoe blank with pyramidal
or other tapering projections and an interposed ridge, the latter being adapted to
form the toe calk of the shoe and the former lateral or side calks.
The Invention further consists in constructing dies for imparting the final shape
or finish to calked horse-shoes made from rolled blanks, the said dies being further
adapted to extend the width of the shoe in the toe portion.
The Invention further consists in constructing a horse-shoe with an elongated toe
calk and pyramidal or other tapering calks at the sides.
The Invention further consists in constructing a horse-shop with upwardly pro-

page_text: jecting clips to rest against the forward edge of the hoof on either side of the
centre in front in order to prevent a backward or lateral displacement of the shoe.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Benjamin Joseph Barnard Mills in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
6th April 1877.
<
BENJAMIN JOSEPH BARNARD MILLS, of the Firm of Harris and Mills, of
23, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent. IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HORSE-SHOES AND HORSE-SHOE BLANKS, AND IN MACHINERY FOR
MANUFACTURING THE SAME" A communication from abroad by Jehn Richardson
Williams, of Pittsburgh, in the State of Pennsylvania, and United States of America,
Mechanician.
The Invention relates in part to the construction of rolls for producing horse-shoe
blanks with projections of pyramidal or other tapering shape which form calks on
the finished shoes. To this end the rolls are constructed with grooves to produce
ridges on the blanks, and with pockets within which the tapering projections
are formed out of these ridges. Pockets are also provided to form bosses or
prominences on the blank to afford material out of which to form clips herein-after
referred to projecting from the upper forward edge of the shoe.
The Invention further consists in constructing a horse-shoe blank with pyramidal
or other tapering projections and an interposed ridge, the latter being adapted to
form the toe calk of the shoe and the former lateral or side calks.
The Invention further consists in constructing dies for imparting the final shape
or finish to calked horse-shoes made from rolled blanks, the said dies being further
adapted to extend the width of the shoe in the toe portion.
The Invention further consists in constructing a horse-shoe with an elongated toe
calk and pyramidal or other tapering calks at the sides.
The Invention further consists in constructing a horse-shoe with upwardly
projecting clips to rest against the forward edge of the hoof on either side
of the centre in front in order to prevent a backward or lateral displacement of
the shoe.
And in order that the said Invention may be inore clearly understood and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed aided by the accompanying Drawings more fully
to describe the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is on slovation
of musliviname alla for alle
Figure 1 is an elevation of portions of a pair of preliminary rolls for partially
forming the blank.
Figure la is an elevation of portions of a pair of finishing rolls with pockets to
complete the formation of the blank; Figure 2 is a transverse section of the
finishing rolls; Figure 3 is a transverse section of the blank at 3, 3, Figure 2, taken
before passing between the finishing rolls; Figure 4 is a transverse section of the
blank at 4, 4, Figure 2, after passing between the finishing rolls.
Figure 5 is a transverse section of the blank illustrating a modification especially
adapted for large and heavy shoes.
Figure 6 is a rear elevation of the blank.
Figure 7 is a plan of a device for bending the blank into the form of a horse-shoe.
Figures 8 and 9 are plan views of a pair of dies for imparting the final finish and
shape to the shoe; Figure 10 is a longitudinal section of the dies on the line 10, 10,
Figure 8; Figure 11 is a transverse section of the same on the line 11, 11,
Figure 8.
Figure 12 is a perspective view of the finished shoe inverted.

page_text: A, B, represent a pair of preliminary rolls which in practice will be geared
together so as to rotate in unison in customary manner.
The said rolls are con-
structed with grooves, substantially as shown at d, e, f, g, adapted by successive
passes to produce the preliminary ridged blank of the form shown at 3, 3, in
Figure 2, and in section in Figure 3.
In Figure 1 A, B, represent portions of finishing rolls which will in practice be
formed with a number of grooves h of different dimensions and slightly modified
form to produce blanks for shoes of different sizes and weight, as herein-after
described. The groove shown is adapted to form the blank represented in
Figures 4 and 6. The bar comes from the groove d with an approximately
rectangular section which is modified by the groove e, and still further by the
successive grooves f and g, so that it acquires the section shown in Figure 3, with
an angular ridge c¹ out of which the calks c are to be formed, and a convexity at i
which insures the complete filling out of the rectangular upper corner in passing
through the last groove h. The final groove h by means of pockets h¹ and inter-
vening prominences h produces on the bar the desired number of calks c, c, and
wider ridges c* which form the toe calks of the finished shoe.
The finishing rolls are further provided with depressions k to form knobs or
prominences on the blank in order to afford at the proper parts in the length of
the blank material for the formation of clips herein-after described, which are
made in the final swaging of the shoes between dies and project upward from the
margin of the finished shoe.
The cavities k are made in the under roll B' instead of in the upper roll A¹ in
order to insure the proper location of the projections ¹ in the length of the
blank without requiring the rolls to rotate accurately in unison, and no difficulty
will be found in transferring the projection from the under to the upper side in the
final swaging of the shoe.
The rolls may have a circumference and an adequate number of depressions to
run the length of two or more blanks at each revolution, and the bars may of course
be rolled of a length to be cut up into any number of blanks. The last two or
three grooves of the rolls are formed, as shown, between collars on the upper roll
and depressions in the periphery of the lower roll, so that the blanks are turned out
with little or no fins.
The catch plates are made to bear on two or more collars j, j, of the lower roll;
or else, if adapted to single grooves they are made to fit around the periphery of the
lower roll to a sufficient distance to prevent their dropping into the pockets h¹.
The rolls shown in Figure 1 are adapted to produce the bar illustrated in
Figure 4, which shows so much of the bar as goes to make a complete blank.
The modification in the form of grooves necessary to produce the blank for
larger shoes illustrated in Figure 5, will be readily understood by the skilled
manufacturer.
For bending the straight blank into the form of a horse-shoe any suitable
machine may be employed; Figure 7 shows a plan of an apparatus adapted for the
purpose; it is constructed with a concave ended bearing or abutment L, and a
convex ended longitudinal plunger M which is operated by a cam (not shown) so as
to press the convex end of the plunger against the centre of the blank, and the
latter against the concave end of the bearing L. The effect of this is to initiate the
bending of the blank and to clamp it tightly, while the bending is completed by
rollers N, N, which are carried by hinged bars O, O, attached to a cross head P
which is driven forward by a suitable cam acting on a bar Q after the clamp L, M,
has closed upon and deflected the blank. The ends of the bars 0, 0, which carry
the rollers N, N, are controlled by guides R, R, so as to press the shoe into the
equired shape against a central former on the plunger M; during this operation a
uitable cap piece is closed in front of the shoe to prevent torsional displacement.
The guides R, R, are adjusted by set screws T, T, to regulate the bending and
waging effect.
The widening of the shoe at the toe and narrowing of the heel extremities may

page_text: be performed in the bending process, as illustrated in Figure 7, or it may be done
by the subsequent swaging in dies, in which case the shoe will be pressed thinner at
the toe.
U, V, Figures 9 and 8, represent a pair of dies,, which for convenience of
description will be termed respectively the upper and lower die. The upper die U
is formed with a cavity u of the general contour of the horse-shoe, as shown in
Figure 9, and with one vertical or nearly vertical side, and one chamfered or oblique
side, as indicated in the sectional views, Figures 10 and 11, and with cavities u to
form clips projecting upwardly from the outer edge of the shoe on either side of the
centre of the toe. The die thus formed is adapted to impart the proper shape to the
upper surface of the horse-shoe. The vertical wall of the cavity u forms the outer
upper corner or edge of the shoe, while the oblique inner side forms the chamfer
which is required beneath the hoof. The lower die V is formed with a much
deeper cavity with a number of pyramidal or other tapering pits to receive and
shape the calks c on the face of the shoe S; the said calks are shown in dotted
outlines in Figure 11; v is a cavity for forming the toe calk which is also shown
in dotted outlines in Figure 11, and in section in Figure 10. Near the outer
margins of the spaces between the calk cavities vrise ridges 3 of the proper size
and shape to form countersinks for the nail heads; 3, 3, are cavities in the
upper dies for forming on the forward edge of the shoe the upwardly projecting
clips k, k², on each side of the centre of the toe to prevent the lateral or backward
displacement of the shoe.
The mode of producing the blanks for the improved shoes will be understood by
the foregoing description of the rolls. A blank formed as described and bent by
the device shown in Figure 7, or by any common means into approximately the
form required for a horse-shoe is then reheated and placed in or upon the lower
die V, and the upper die U is placed over it, its cavity u receiving the upper surface
of the shoe. Pressure is then applied by a drop or a screw press, or by a cam,
eccentric, or any other suitable means so as to swage the shoe accurately into shape
and impart the final external finish, and at the same operation produce the counter-
sinks therein for the nail heads. All that remains to be done to finish the shoe
after it is removed from the die is to complete the punching of the nail holes.
The shoes are made with any number of calks which may be found most
desirable, and of any preferred width and weight.
For large shoes the bars are made of greater width so as to extend inward from
the base of the calks.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention and the mode in which
the same is carried into effect, I would have it understood that what I claim is,-
First. The rolls A, B, constructed and adapted, substantially as herein described
for the production of calked horse-shoe blanks.
Second. The rolled bar or blank having two or more sets or series of pyramidal
or other tapering projections c, and one or more interposed longitudinal ridges cx,
substantially as herein described for the purposes set forth.
Third. The dies U, V, constructed substantially as herein set forth for imparting
the final shape or finish to horse-shoes.
Fourth. A horse-shoc constructed substantially as herein described with lateral or
side calks c, c, of pyramidal, conical, or other equivalent shape and an elongated toe
calk c*.
Fifth. The lateral clips, k², substantially as and for the purpose specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Benjamim Joseph Barnard Mills, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Fifth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.