Improvements in Means or Apparatus for Preventing Accidents to Carriages and similar Vehicles.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Jan., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 29th Oct., 1894-Accepted, 12th Jan., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Means or Apparatus for Preventing Accidents to
Carriages and similar Vehicles.
GEORGE SAMUEL THOMPSON, of 5 Farleigh Road, Stoke Newington,
London, N., Carriage Builder, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
This invention has reference to improvements on my Patent, No. 4602, bearing
date March 2nd 1893, entitled " Improved means of preventing accidents in
carriages and other road vehicles." It consists of certain modifications of my
former invention described in the Specification of the aforesaid Patent No. 4602,
and it also consists of various methods of forming and securing together the
component parts and improved methods of supporting and fixing the various
parts.
One modification consists of an outer ring having a rim at one end on the inside,
the inner diameter of which rim is of sufficient size to pass over the axle collar.
Within the ring and against the rim are fitted two or more segments forming an
inner circle of less diameter than the outside of the axle collar; these segments are
secured to the outer ring by means of screws or other convenient fastenings after
the outer ring is placed behind the axle collar and thereby forms the "Carriage
Safety." The whole may then remain as one piece on the axle, both before and
after adjustment of the wheel. It may be secured to the wheel by means of three
or other convenient number of long bolts passing through the nave of the wheel
and the rim of the outer ring of the "Carriage Safety."
A second modification is formed in similar manner to the foregoing but the
method of attachment to the wheel is by means of three or other convenient number
of screws passing through an overhanging back stock hoop and screwing into holes
in the outer ring which is tapped to receive them in this, as in all other
modifications of the "Carriage Safety" attached to back stock hoops of wheels, it
is essential that such back stock hoops be substantially secured to the naves of the
wheels. Various methods of substantially securing back stock hoops to wheels are
hereinafter described. A third modification is similar to the second herein
described, but has its outer ring made of sufficient size to pass over the back stock
hoop of the wheel (the back stock hoop may overhang the nave of the wheel or it
may be flush) and is attached by means of screws passing through the ring of the
Carriage Safety" and screwed into tapped holes in the stock-hoop.
66
A fourth modification is formed in partly similar manner to the second
modification herein described, but the method of attachment is by means of a
portion of the outside of the outer ring of the "Carriage Safety" being screwed
and a corresponding thread cut on the inner side of the overhanging portion of the
back stock hoop into which the outer ring of the "Carriage Safety" screws.
In order to prevent accidental unscrewing of "Carriage Safetys" constructed
with a screwed portion that engages with screwed stock hoops, I use left-hand
threads on all those used on near side wheels and right-hand threads on all those
used on off side wheels.
A fifth modification is partly similar to the fourth herein described except
that the outer ring is made to screw over the hind stock hoop in attaching to
same.
A sixth modification is partly similar to the fourth herein described but the outer

page_text: ring of the " Carriage Safety is cranked, forming an enlarged back end, and the
rim at the end is notched: the inner circle of this modification is formed by two or
more segments notched on their outer edges in such manner as to allow them to be
passed through the rim after which they are turned round till the solid portions of
their outer edges correspond to the solid portions of the inner rims of the rings and
take a bearing against the aforesaid solid portions and are then secured in position
by screws or other convenient means, or I may employ other forms of bayonet or
similar joint.
A seventh modification consists of an outer ring or band screwed internally and
two or more segments forming an inner ring of smaller internal diameter than the
outside of the axle collar; the screw of the outer ring or band screws over the
outsides of the segments upon which a thread is cut and screws up preferably to a
shoulder near the back end of the segments, the same having been first placed
behind the axle collar. The band is made of such narrower width than the screwed
portions of the segments in order to leave sufficient length of screw to remain for
the purpose of screwing into the back stock hoop in similar manner to the fourth
modification herein described.
An eighth modification consists of a method partly similar to the seventh
modification herein described, but having the screwed portion of the segments the
same length as width of outer band and the "Carriage Safety" is made to screw
over the stock hoop.
Other modifications are made in similar manner to either of the seventh and
eighth modifications herein described with the exception that no screw need be
formed on same for the purpose of screwing into or over stock hoops, but each of
these modifications may be secured to the wheel either by means of long bolts
passing through the nave of the wheel and through the half rings or by means of
screws or bolts passing through the stock hoop and screwing into "Carriage
Safety," or through "Carriage Safety" and screwing into stock hoop.
Other modifications are formed by two half or other convenient number of
sections of neck or collar with rim or caulking forming "Carriage Safety" and
having laps made on neck or collar, such laps being made either parallel or at right
angles or otherwise with the rim or caulking that projects down behind the axle
collar and they may be formed with or without bosses for extra strength or
otherwise and each of these modifications may be secured to the wheel by means of
long bolts passing through the nave of wheel or secured to the stock hoop by means
of screws or bolts.
Other modifications are formed by two half or other convenient number of
sections of neck or collar with rim or caulking forming "Carriage Safety" made
without flaps, but merely butted and fixed together by means of two half or other
convenient number of sections of caulking also butted and secured in a crosswise
direction either inside or outside the former rim or caulking by screws or other
convenient means. Each of these modifications may be secured to the wheel
either by means of long bolts passing through the nave of the wheel and through
the "Carriage Safety," or secured to the stock hoop by means of screws
or bolts.
Other modifications are formed by two half or other convenient number of
sections of neck or collar with rim or caulking forming "Carriage Safety" butted
and fixed together by means of a tube or two or more sections of a tube placed
inside, or a tube or two or more sections of a tube placed outside the neck or collar
and secured to same by means of screws or other convenient fastenings. These
modifications may be secured to the wheel either by means of long bolts passing
through the nave of the wheel and through the "Carriage Safety" or secured to
the stock hoop by means of screws or bolts.
Other modifications are formed by two half or other convenient number of
sections of neck and collar with rim or caulking forming "Carriage Safety" butted
and fixed together by means of inner sections somewhat similar to the outer neck
or collar with rim or caulking, these being butted together and secured to the outer

page_text: 65
ones in a transverse direction to them by means of screws or other convenient
fastenings. Each of these modifications may be secured to the wheel either by
means of long bolts passing through the naves of the wheels and through the
Carriage Safety" or secured to the stock hoop by means of screws or bolts.
Other modifications are formed by two half or other convenient number of
sections of neck or collar with rim or caulking forming "Carriage Safety" butted
and fixed merely by their attachments to the wheel either by bolts passing through
the nave of the wheel and through the "Carriage Safety" or secured to the stock
hoop by means of screws or bolts.
Other modifications are formed by making the neck or collar and rim or caulking
forming "Carriage Safety" all in one piece and slipping on axle before shutting
up, in the case of there being no solid flaps forged to the axle, or if having solid
flaps such flaps being smaller than the outside of the axle collar. Each of these
modifications can be secured to the wheel either by means of long bolts passing
through the nave of the wheel and through the "Carriage Safety or secured to
the stock hoop by means of screws or bolts.
وو
"
Other modifications are formed by means of the neck or collar being made in one
piece, but without any rim, the end rim or caulking forming "Carriage Safety'
being afterwards put on in two or more sections and may be separately fixed to the
neck or otherwise and secured to the nave of the wheel by means of long bolts or
secured to the stock hoop by means of screws or bolts.
66
Other modifications are formed by means of the rim or caulking forming the
Carriage Safety" being in one piece but slit or divided on one side, then bent for
the purpose of passing over the axle collar, after which it is straightened: they
may be made detachable or otherwise from the neck or collar forming the
support. These modifications may be secured to the wheel by any of the methods
herein described.
Other modifications are formed by jointed, pivoted, or hinged component parts of
the "Carriage Safety."
Other modifications of my invention consist of and are formed by combining or
transposing any particular feature or features of any modification or modifications
of the "Carriage Safety" or of any method of fixing or securing herein described
with any other feature or features in any other modification or modifications of the
"Carriage Safety" or of any method of fixing or securing herein described, and
any one or more particular feature or features of my invention or of the methods
of fixing or securing herein described may be omitted or otherwise in any
inodification or method of fixing or securing.
""
And any part or parts of any modification of " Carriage Safety herein
described may be held together by means of brazing, or soldering, or rivetting.
The various methods hereinbefore referred to of substantially securing the back
stock hoops of wheels to carriages for the particular purpose of use with
modifications of this invention which are attached to the wheel through the agency'
of such back stock hoops are as follows, viz. :-
A method by means of screws passing through holes in stock hoop and screwing
into the nave of the wheel. Another method is by means of any convenient
number of screws passing through holes in the stock hoop, through the nave of the
wheel and screwing into the axle box. Other methods are by means of rivets
passing through hoop and nave: by means of screws passing through the stock
hoop and screwing into long bolts or rods, or screws passing through the nave of
the wheel: by means of lugs or eyes or any other projections attached to the
inside of the stock hoop and fixed to the wheel by means of bolts or screws or
rivets by means of a plate or plates taking bearing against the back of stock
hoops, such plates being either screwed, or bolted, or rivetted to wheel: by means
of bolts, or screws, or rivets, or nuts of bolts taking bearing against back of stock
hoop or by means of a plate or plates taking bearing against a shoulder or
shoulders formed inside the stock hoops for that purpose, such plate or plates being
secured to wheel by means of bolts, or rivets, or screws.

page_text: 66
In lieu of using an overhanging back stock hoop for the purpose of forming the
Carriage Safety," an additional hoop or ring may be fixed to the back part of the
nave of the wheel, taking up a similar position or nearly similar position to that
which the overhanging portion of a stock hoop would occupy, and such additional
hoop or ring may be made with a back flange either in one piece or in sections
which may either be made separate or attached to the additional hoop or ring.
This additional hoop or ring may, through the agency of its flange be secured to the
nave of the wheel by any of the methods herein described for substantially securing
back stock hoops to wheels. It is hereby implied that any modification of
Carriage Safety" herein described may be attached to the wheel by means of
any modification of the additional hoop or ring herein described.
"
Dated the 26th day of January 1894.
STANLEY G. S. DICKER,
Agent for Applicant.
Improvements in Means or Apparatus for Preventing Accidents to
Carriages and similar Vehicles.
GEORGE SAMUEL THOMPSON of 5 Farleigh Road, Stoke Newington, London, N.,
Carriage Builder do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention has reference to improvements on my Patent No. 4602 bearing
date March 2nd 1893, entitled "Improved means of preventing accidents in
carriages and other road vehicles." It consists of certain modifications of my
former invention described in the Specification of the aforesaid Patent No. 4602
and it also consists of various methods of forming and securing together the
component parts and improved methods of supporting and fixing the various parts.
"
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1. is a part section through the nave of a wheel fitted with an ordinary
Collinges" axle to which my invention is applied, and
Fig. 2 is a back-end elevation of same.
Figs. 3, 4, and 5 are details to be described.
65
Figs. 6 to 26 are modifications of my invention to be described.
My invention comprises the construction of a Carriage Safety" formed by
making an outer ring A (Figs. 1 and 5) with a rim or caulking B turned inwards ;
into this outer ring are fitted two, or it may be more segmental pieces or part
rings C. C. (see Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4.) secured thereto by means of screws D. The
back end of the nave bis fitted with an overhanging hoop E securely fixed to same
by means of screws (d. d. Fig. 10) the overhanging or projecting portion e of the
hoop E is screwed internally to engage with a corresponding external screw a
formed on the ring A, which thus forms a cap having its internal diameter too
small to pass over the collar fof the axle arm g.
Fig. 2 is the back end elevation and shows the holes F made for the purpose of
letting out water that would otherwise collect, which holes may also be utilised for
holding the cap by means of a wrench or pin whilst screwing into the overhanging
portione of the hoop E Fig. 1.
Figs. 3 and 4 are the front and side elevations respectively of the segmental
pieces C. C., being a rim having for its purpose the support of the axle collar j
Fig. 1., in the event of fracture of the army.
Fig. 5 is the outer ring A in section,

page_text: "
In fixing my invention I first pass the outer ring A over the axle collar f, Fig. 1
on to the bed o of the axle, and when in that position I slip in the segmental
pieces C. C. bringing them against the rim or caulking B and secure by means of
the screws D; the cap or improved "Carriage Safety" thus formed being now on the
axle between the collar and the usual Hap m to which the carriage body or
springs are attached. The wheel is then adjusted in its position on the axle arm y
and secured by means of the collett i, nuts j. j., and linch pin k, the "Carriage
Safety being then screwed into the projecting portion e of the hoop E and
although quite clear of and not touching the axle or collar and taking no wear
whatever, it forms a means of security in the event of the collett i., nuts j. j., and
linch pin & giving way or the axle box becoming loose in the nave of the wheel b
and drawing out, or the axle arm g snapping off, for, as the segments C. C. cannot
pass the axle collar f the wheel is prevented, by my improved "Carriage Safety,
from becoming detached from the axle and as a consequence supports the carriage
or vehicle. In order to prevent the accidental unscrewing of the "Carriage Safety
from frictional contact with the axle collar, I use right hand threads for the
screwed portion a of the outer ring A: for "off side" wheels and left hand threads
for "near side " wheels.
"
I also form a similar modification of "Carriage Safety" to the foregoing by
making the outer ring A to screw over the stock hoop E. And for other
modifications instead of having threads a cut upon the outer ring A and
corresponding threads e within the overhanging hoop E, I may make these parts
plain, merely to slip one over the other, and being secured by means of screws as
shown by H in Fig. 10.
"
For naves of wheels having smaller back ends, and axle collars large in proportion,
and in cases where axle collars are very close to the flaps, it is not so practicable to
fix the modification of "Carriage Safety hereinbefore described, I prefer to use
another modification as shown by Fig. 6, the outer ring A¹ being a band to which
segmental pieces C₁ are secured by means of screws D₁; this band may be formed
with a thread as shown to screw over the segmental portions or it may be plain and
merely slipped on and fixed by screws, the whole forming a cap in similar manner
and for the same purpose as the one herein before described, and being attached to
the hoop E by the same method of screwing.
Fig. 7 is the back end elevation of the same showing the two segments C¹ C¹
and the holes F used for the escape of water and for the purpose of holding whilst
fixing. This pattern, like the one previously described, may also be made to fix
with screws as shown by H in Fig. 10.
I also make a similar modification to that described by Figs. 6 and 7, but formed
so that the outer ring of the "Carriage Safety" screws over the stock hoop.
Fig. 8 is a modification similarly formed to that described by Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.,
A² being the outer ring and C2 the inner segmental pieces secured together by
means of screws as shown by D in the back end elevation Fig. 9 and having water
holes F. This modification does not need an overhanging back hoop as with those
previously described, but is held to the nave by means of the long bolts G, Fig. 8
passing through same and secured by the nuts G' Figs. 8 and 9.
Fig. 10 shows a modification not having inner and outer rings, but consists of
2 segmental portions only A³ secured to the back stock hoop E¹ by nutheaded
screws H. H., or other convenient means.
Fig. 11. shows the back end elevation of same and Fig. 12 shows the two
segmental pieces separated, with the overlapping flaps a³ and a' by which they are
attached together after being passed behind the axle collar and are then secured
together by screws a Fig. 11. F', Figs. 11 and 12 are water holes.
This or similar modifications may be formed with or without bosses for extra
strength and the laps for fixing segmental pieces together may be made in any
convenient form.
Fig. 13 is a side elevation partly in section, showing another modification and

page_text: method of securing my invention, the outer ring A* being cranked, forming an
enlarged back end.
Fig. 14 is the back end elevation of same,
Fig. 15 shows the internal segmental pieces, and
Fig. 16 the back elevation with the segmental pieces removed.
The rim or caulking B', Figs. 13, 14, and 16 is notched so as to form alternate
projecting portions p. p. as shown in Figs. 14 and 16, and the inner circle which is
formed by two or more segments C³ ³ as shown in Figs. 14 and 15 are also
notched on their outer edges so as to form projecting portions corresponding to
the notches between the projecting portions p in the rim of the ring A.
1
1
After the ring A is passed over the axle collar the segmental pieces C3 C3 are
placed within same, the projecting portions pl passing through the notches in the
rim B' after which they are turned till the solid or projecting portions p' of their
outer edges correspond to the solid or projecting portions of the inner rims of
the outer rings A, as shown in Fig. 14, against which they are secured by means
of screws D or other convenient fastenings, or I may employ other forms of bayonet
or similar joint.
Fig. 17 is an end elevation and Fig. 18 a side elevation broken away and partly
in section of another modification which is formed by two half or other convenient
number of sections of neck or collar with rim or caulking C4 forming "Carriage
Safety" butted and fixed together by means of inner sections C5 Fig. 17, somewhat
similar to the outer neck and collar with rim or caulking, these being butted
together and secured to the outer ones in a transverse direction to them by means
of screws a or other convenient fastenings.
"
Other modifications are formed by two half or other convenient number of
sections of neck or collar with rim or caulking as C Fig. 17 forming "Carriage
Safety made without flaps but merely butted and fixed together by means of two
half or other convenient number of sections of caulking as C' Fig. 24 also butted
and secured in a crosswise direction either inside or outside the rim or caulking
of C Fig. 17 by screws or other convenient means. Each of these modifications
may be secured to the wheel either by means. of long bolts passing through the nave
and through the "Carriage Safety," or secured to the stock hoop by means of
screws or bolts.
Fig. 19 is an end elevation, and Fig. 20 the section, of another modification which
is formed by two half or other convenient number of sections of neck or collar
with rim or caulking Co forming "Carriage Safety" butted and fixed together by
means of a tube A5 or two or more sections of a tube placed inside, or a tube
or ring, or two or more sections of a tube or ring placed outside the neck or
collar and secured to same by means of screws a or other convenient fastenings.
This modification may be secured to the wheel either by means of long bolts passing
through the nave of the wheel and through the "Carriage Safety or secured to
the stock hoop by means of screws or bolts.
"
""
Other modifications are formed by two half or other convenient number of sections
of neck or collar with rim or caulking as C4 Fig. 17 forming "Carriage Safety'
butted and fixed merely by their attachments to the wheel either by bolts passing
through the nave of the wheel and through the "Carriage Safety or secured to
the stock hoops by means of screws or bolts.
Fig. 21 is an end elevation, and Fig. 22 a section, of another modification which
is formed by making the neck or collar and rim or caulking A forming "Carriage
all in one piece and slipping on axle before sbutting up, in the case of there being
no solid flaps forged to the axle, or, if having solid flaps, such flaps being smaller
than the outside of the axle collar.
Fig. 23 is a side elevation partly in section, and Fig. 24 the end elevation, of
another modification which is formed by means of the neck or collar being made
in one piece but without any rim, the end rim or caulking forming "Carriage
Safety being made in two or more sections as shown by C' (Figs. 23, 24, and 25

page_text: and may be separately nxed to the neck or otherwise and secured to the nave of
the wheel by means of long bolts or secured to the overhanging stock hoop A'
Fig. 23 by means of screws or bolts H', Figs. 23 and 24.
Or a rim or caulking forming the "Carriage Safety" made in one piece but slit
or divided on one side as shown by C8, Fig. 26, which may be bent for the purpose
of passing over the axle collar, after which it is straightened; it may be made
detachable or otherwise from the neck or collar or overhanging stock hoop A7
forming the support. These modifications may be secured to the wheel by any of
the methods herein described.
Other modifications are formed by jointed, pivoted, or hinged component parts
of the "Carriage Safety."
Other modifications of my invention consist of and are formed by combining or
transposing any particular feature or features of any modification or modifications
of the "Carriage Safety" or of any method of fixing or securing herein described
with any other feature or features in any other modification or modifications of the
Carriage Safety or of any methods of fixing or securing herein described, and
any one or more particular feature or features of my invention or of the method
of fixing or securing herein described may be omitted or otherwise in any
modification or method of fixing or securing of fixing or securing.
65
وو
"
And any part or parts of any modification of " Carriage Safety herein
described may be held together by means of brazing, or soldering, or rivetting.
The various methods herein before referred to of substantially securing the back
stock hoops of wheels to carriages for the particular purpose of use with
modifications of this invention, which are attached to the wheel through the agency
of such back stock hoops are as follows, viz. :-By means of screws passing through
holes in stock hoop and screwing into the nave of the wheel. By means of any
convenient number of screws passing through holes in the stock hoop, through the
nave of the wheel, and screwing into the axle box. By means of rivets passing
through hoop and nave: by means of screws passing through the stock hoop and
screwing into long bolts, or rods, or screws passing through the nave of the wheel:
by means of lugs or eyes or any other projection attached to the inside of the stock
hoop and fixed to the wheel by means of bolts, or screws, or rivets: by means
of a plate or plates taking bearing against a shoulder or shoulders formed inside
the stock hoops for that purpose, such plate or plates being secured to wheel by
means of bolts, or rivets, or screws by means of a plate or plates taking bearing
against the back of stock hoops, such plates being either screwed, or bolted, or
rivetted to wheel or by means of bolts, or screws, or rivets, or nuts of bolts
taking bearing against back of stock hoop.
:
"
In lieu of using an overhanging back stock hoop for the purpose of forming the
"Carriage Safety an additional hoop or ring may be fixed to the back part of
the nave of the wheel, taking up a similar position or nearly similar position to that
which the overhanging portion of a stock hoop would occupy and such additional
hoop or ring may be made with a back flange either in one piece or in sections
which may either be made separate or attached to the additional hoop or ring.
This additional hoop or ring may, through the agency of its flange be secured to
the nave of the wheel by any of the methods herein described for substantially
securing back stock hoops to wheels.
It is hereby implied that any modification of "Carriage Safety" herein described
may be attached to the wheel by means of any modification of the additional hoop
or ring herein described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. The construction, combination, and use of rings, divided rings, and segmental
pieces that may be applied and substantially fixed to nave, axle box, or wheel of a
vehicle in such manner So as to form a cap or "Carriage Safety" of any

page_text: modification, as and for the purposes hereinbefore set forth and described, and
shown in and by the accompanying drawings.
22
2. The plan and arrangement of fixing or securing the component parts of the
cap or "Carriage Safety to the nave, axle box, or wheel of a vehicle, as and for
the purposes hereinbefore set forth and described, and shown in and by the
accompanying drawings.
3. The combination and arrangement of parts of any of the modifications and
the methods of fixing or securing hereinbefore described in any manner as and for
the purposes herein before set forth.
Dated this Twenty-ninth day of October 1894
G. S. THOMPSON.