Year: 1885

page_text: We, MORITZ IWAND of Loschwitz, Silesia, Inventor, and FELIX KÜHNE of Berlin,
Engineer, both in the Empire of Germany, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows;
In the carbonization by means of sulphuric acid hydrochloric acid, chloride of
aluminium, chloride of magnesium etcetera, that is to say, in the so-called wet way,
the material to be carbonated, webs, wool, rags, waste and the like is first acidified
in a bath containing the acid, and left therein during a longer or shorter space of
time until it is thoroughly impregnated with acid. It is then taken out of the
bath and the moisture expelled by centrifugal force so that the material becomes
dry to the touch and can be carbonated.
These two operations preparatory to the carbonization, the acidulation and the
expulsion of moisture require proportionally much time, are very expensive and
uncertain in their results, because there are frequently places which are not suffi-
ciently moistened with acids and finally the break downs of the centrifugal
machines, which often occur, are very dangerous.
The object of this invention is to remedy all these defects and to impregnate not
only perfectly well the materials to be carbonated by using direct steam, but also
to expel in a few minutes the excess of moisture out of the materials.
The materials to be carbonated can first be acidified in any desired way, for
instance by passing them through an acid bath, or by irrigating them with acid,
or by mixing with acid by means of injection or suction etcetera, etcetera, direct
steam is then conducted through this acidified material.
By this process the fibre of the material to be carbonated is intimately impregnated
with acids and at the same time the moisture in excess contained in the material,
is driven out, so that the material after having been exposed during a few minutes
to the action of the steam is as dry to the hand, as if it had been heated during
a prolonged space of time in the centrifugal machine.
According to the nature of the material to be carbonated such as webs, wool,
rags, waste and the like, the construction of the apparatus to be employed is
Varied

page_text: Webs, for instance, are in the simplest way, passed through an acid bath and
wound round a hollow cylinder made of copper, the casing of which is perforated
by fine holes.
The steam is introduced at one end into the cylinder, it penetrates through the
holes arranged in the casing into the webs wound round the cylinder and effects
thus the desired impregnation and expulsion of the moisture.
In the case of loose materials, such as wool, waste, rags and the like, a double
cylinder may advantageously be employed, the material is then lodged in the
intermediate space, while the steam is blown into it from the inside.
The construction of the simple apparatus can of course be modified in any desired
way provided that the steam is always conducted through the material to be
carbonated.
The process of impregnating with acids and of expelling the moisture carried
out in the above described way offers besides the rapidity, the further great
advantage, that an acid bath of only 1 to 14 degrees Beaumé need be used, and
that the material is better prepared.

page_text: We, MORITZ IWAND of Loschwitz Silesia, Inventor and FELIX KÜHNE of Berlin,
Engineer both in the Empire of Germany, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
In the carbonization by means of sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, chloride of
aluminium chloride of magnesium etcetera, that is to say in the so-called wet way,
the material to be carbonated, webs, wool, rags waste and the like is first acidified
in a bath containing the acid, and left therein during a longer or shorter space of
time until it is thoroughly impregnated with acid. It is then taken out of the
bath and the moisture expelled by centrifugal force, so that the material becomes
dry to the touch and can be carbonated.
These two operations preparatory to the carbonization, the acidulation and the
expulsion of moisture require proportionally much time, are very expensive and
uncertain in their results, because there are frequently places which are not suffi-
ciently moistened with acids, and finally the break downs of the centrifugal
machines which often occur, are very dangerous.
The object of this invention is to remedy all these defects, and to impregnate
not only perfectly well the materials to be carbonated by using direct steam, but
also to expel in a few minutes the excess of moisture out of the materials.
The materials to be carbonated can first be acidified in any desired way, for
instance by passing them through an acid bath, or by irrigating them with acid,
or by mixing with acid by means of injection or suction, etcetera etcetera; direct
steam is then conducted through this acidified material.
By this process the fibre of the material to be carbonated is intimately impregnated
with acids, and at the same time the moisture in excess contained in the material is
driven out, so that the material after having been exposed during a few minutes to
the action of the steam is as dry to the hand, as if it had been treated during a
prolonged space of time in the centrifugal machine.
According to the nature of the material to be carbonated, such as webs, wool,
rags, waste and the like, the construction of the apparatus to be employed is
varied.
Webs for instance are in the simplest way passed through an acid bath and
wound round a hollow cylinder made of copper, the casing of which is perforated
by fine holes.
The steam is introduced at one end into the cylinder, it penetrates through
the holes arranged in the casing into the webs wound round the cylinder, and
effects thus the desired impregnation and expulsion of the moisture.
In the case of loose materials, such as wool, waste, rags and the like, a double
cylinder may advantageously be employed; the material is then lodged in the
intermediate space, while the steam is blown into it from the inside,

page_text: .
The construction of the simple apparatus can of course be modified in any
desired way, provided that the steam is always conducted through the material to
be carbonated.
The process of impregnating with acids and of expelling the moisture carried
out in the above described way, offers besides the rapidity the further great
advantage that an acid bath of only one to one and a half degrees Beaumé need
be used, and that the material is better prepared.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:—
In the carbonating process in the wet way the replacement of the throwing out
apparatus (centrifugal machine for instance) by forcing direct vapour through the
acidified material, whereby the latter is thoroughly and intimately impregnated
with acids, and at the same time the moisture in excess pressed out of the material,
substantially as above described.