IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1842

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
OSBALDESTON, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Metal Heald Maker,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Fifteenth day of August, in the fifth year of Her reign, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said John
Osbaldeston, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that
I, the said John Osbaldeston, my exors, adiñors, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said John Osbaldeston, my exors, adññiors, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the
term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exer-
cise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING;" in which
said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that I, the said John Osbaldeston,
shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the
same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Osbaldeston, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,

page_text: ་
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon,
that is to say-
My Invention relates, first, to a mode of applying springs to the back of
the slay of a loom, so that the strength of beating-up of the weft will depend
on the elasticity of the springs at the back of the slay.
Secondly, my Invention relates to a mode of applying springs between the
slay and crank shaft of a loom, and thereby obtain an elastic beat-up to the
weft.
Thirdly, my Invention relates to a mode of stopping the beat-up of a loom
when the shuttle is not thrown into the shuttle box, and consists in applying
lovers on vertical axes under the shuttle box.
Fourthly, my Invention relates to a mode of stopping the loom when weft
is not properly supplied, and consists in connecting a spring top p, so as to be
struck directly by the slay with the fork for throwing the strap off between
the fixed drum or pulley.
Fifthly, my Invention relates to a mode of winding up the cloth as it is
produced.
Sixthly, my Invention relates to a mode of giving off the warp from the
warp beam.
. Seventhly, my Invention relates to a modo of regulating the giving off of
the warp from the warp beam.
Eighthly, my Invention relates to a mode of drawing off and delivering the
warp from the warp beam.
Ninthly, my Invention relates to a mode of arranging the driving parts of
the loom, by applying a wheel between the two end framings, in place of at
one end as heretofore, and giving motion to the treadles by means of projections
from such wheel.
Tenthly, my Invention relates to a mode of constructing and working
temples.
Eleventhly, my Invention relates to an arrangement of revolving temples,
by which the cloth is not only held, but stretched out as it is made.
And, twelfthly, my Invention relates to a mode of arranging parts of a
shuttle, and applying a cutter to cut the shoot when any of the ends of the 9
warp may be broken, hang down, and become entangled with other of the warp
threads.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 represents the left-hand end view of the loom; Figure 2 shows
the front view thereof; and Figure 3, a top view or plan. In each of these
Figures there are many parts of a loom shown, which are of the ordinary
construction, and consequently will not require any description in this my
Specification. These Figures also show other of my improvements applied
thereto, but I will at present confine my description the mode of acting on the
slay by springs.
a, a, are springs, which are affixed to and carried by the slay swords b, b,
and the point of fixing of the lower parts of the springs a, a, should be so
arranged, that by a screw or slide, or other convenient means, the springs are
held higher up or lower down, thus allowing of more or less of the strength of
the springs being allowed to act against the back of the slay. The slay, it
will be seen, moves freely at the upper part of the swords, in a direction from
front to back of the loom, so that when the weft is being beaten up, the
springs will govern the strength of the beating-up.
I would remark, in respect to this part of my Invention, that I am aware
that the reeds of looms have been hung in necks or axes, and pressed up by a
spring: I do not, therefore, claim the use of springs to govern the degree of
force which shall be used in beating up the weft, this part of my Invention
having for its object to apply springs to the slay of a loom, as herein described.
And I may remark, that if it is desired to have a dead beat-up, after com-
mencing the elasticity of the springs, then by applying stops at a distance
behind the upper parts of the springs a, a, the beating-up will be commenced
with the force offered by the elasticity of the springs, but so soon as the
beating-up bas overcome the springs, the upper parts of the springs would be
resisted by the stops, and then the beat-up would finish with a dead or positive
beating-up of the weft.
I will now describe the second part of my Invention, which relates to
another mode of applying springs to act on the slay. In this case, in place
of the springs being carried by the swords of the slay, they are used in the
connecting rods, which connect the crank shaft with the slay, thus allowing the
connecting rods to shorten as the beating-up takes place; the springs resisting
such shortening of the connecting rods offer the desired elasticity to the slay.
Figure 4 shews a plan and side view of a connecting rod for connecting
the crank shaft with the slay. c is the end, which is connected to the slay,
and this part of the connecting rod is capable of sliding within the other
part, there being slots or openings through the side plates d of the other part

page_text: of the connecting rod. e is a pin, which slides within such slots, and f is a
pin, which passes through a slot g formed in the part c: hence this part c can
slide into and from the part d, the pin f regulating the distance of the move-
'ment. h a spring affixed to the part c and to the surface i between the
plates d, as is shewn. Thus it will be evident that the connecting rods will
allow of considerable elasticity of action in beating-up, and a similar effect
will be obtained as that above described. And it should be stated, that
although I have thus been particular in showing and describing the parts, I
do not confine myself to the precise details, provided the peculiar characters
of either of the modes of applying springs to the slays of looms be retained.
I will now describe the third part of my Invention, which is shown applied
in Figure 3, and separately at Figure 5. j. j, aro two levers, moving on
vertical axes at k, k, below the shuttle box, consequently the levers will bo
horizontal, as is shown. The back end of each of the levers has an inclined
plane or surface, as is shown, and the rod l connects the movement of one
'lever with the other. Within the shuttle boxes are the bulges m, m, which
which have each a projecting finger n. By this arrangement, if the shuttle bo
not properly thrown across, the bulge m would not be acted on by the shuttle,
and the parts would remain in the position shown in the Drawing, and the
front parts of the levers would come in contact with the framing at o, o, and
thus prevent the beating-up taking place.
I will now describe the fourth part of my Invention, which relates to a mude
of stopping a loom when weft is not properly supplied; this part of my
Invention is shewn in the Figures 1, 2, and 3. The spring p rests within the
catch 9 when the strap is on the driving pulley, but in the event of tho weft
not being properly supplied, then the movement of the slay will be unresisted
by weft, and will strike against the projection p' on tho spring p, and force the
spring p out of the notch q, and it will spring into the notch r, and thus will
the forks move the strap off the driving pulley.
I will now describe the fifth part of my Invention, which relates to a mode
of winding up the work as it is produced; and this part of my Invention is
shewn in Figures 1, 2, and 3, and consists of applying the wheel t, t, to the
axis of the work beam or roller, and giving motion thereto by the levers v, v,
which are put in motion by means of crank pins with rollers w', w, on the
wheel w, as is shown; such wheel receiving motion from a cog wheel on the
crank axis; and it will be seen that the upper ends of the levers u, v, are
formed wedge-shaped, and that the wheel t, t, has two rows of holes, the holes
of the two rows being intermediate of each other; it will, therefore, be readily
understood, that by the wedge-shaped ends of the levers v moving into the

page_text: oles, will cause the wheel t to move round, and consequently the roller or
loth beam; and as the wedge-shaped ends of the two levers will alternately
enter their respective row of holes in the wheel t, the wheel cannot move back,
here being at all times one wedge-shaped surface entering a hole and forcing
round the wheel t, and the other wedge-shaped surface will be out of the way.
I will now describe the sixth part of my Invention, which relates to a mode
of giving off the warp from the warp beam; this part of my Invention is shown
in Figures 1 and 3. x is the warp beam, on the axis of which is affixed the
cog wheel y, into which takes the endless chain of teeth z, z, which moves
on the two rollers A, B, the roller A being carried by the spring bearing C,
and the roller B has a weight suspended from it; hence as the warp is drawn
off, it will cause the warp beam to move round it, being resisted by the endless
chain of teeth, and this endless chain of teeth will be acted on by the weight
and spring bearings, by which means the warp will be given off with regular
tension, and will be found preferable to other means of regulating the giving-off
of the warp from the warp beam.
I will now describe the seventh part of my Invention, which also relates to
a mode of regulating the giving off of the warp from a warp beam; this part
of my Invention is shewn at Figure 6, and consists in employing a wheel t
affixed on the axis of the warp beam, having two rows of holes, in a similar
manner to that above described for assisting the taking up of the cloth, and
there are two levers D, D, used, with inclined or wedge-shaped surfaces, which
have a constant tendency to enter the holes, but they are alternately allowed to
enter the holes and then raised out of the holes, and the levers are successively
raised, so that there will be at all times one of the wedge-shaped surfaces D¹
of the levers D in action, to resist the unwinding of the warp, except as it is
permitted to be unwound by the wedge-shaped surface in action. The levers D
are successively lifted by the projections E, E, on the crank shaft, which act
on the lifting levers F, which are attached by pin joints to the levers D. The
levers D are constantly pressed on by the weights G through the levers D',
there being one weight to each lever D, and the levers D2 are connected to
the levers D by pin joints, as shown.
I will now describe the eighth part of my Invention, which relates to a mode
of drawing off and delivering the warp from the warp beam; this part of my
Invention is shown at Figure 7, and consists in using two fluted rollers
between which the warp is pressed and held, and by their revolution they will
draw off and deliver the warp. H is a cog wheel, which receives motion from
the crank shaft or other convenient means; this cog wheel H takes into and
drives the cog wheel I, which is affixed on the axis of one of the fluted

page_text: roHers J, J; hence it will be seen that the warp from the warp beam is con-
ducted between the fluted rollers J, J, and by their revolution the warp will
not only be better hold than by plain rollers heretofore used, but the giving off
will be better regulated.
I will now describe the ninth part of my Invention, which relates to the
mode of applying a wheel to give motion to the treadles; this part of my
Invention is shown at Figures 1, 2, and 3, and consists in applying the cog
wheel K with projections L therefrom, to act on the treadles. This cog
wheel K receives motion from the main or driving axis M, by means of the
cog wheel N, as is shown; the wheel K being aflixed on the crank axis, which
gives motion to the slay.
I will now describe the tenth part of any Invention, which relates to n mode
of constructing temples, and consists in giving motion thereto, in addition to
closing on the cloth to hold it as it is made. This part of my Invention is
shown in plan and section at Figure 8. O is a crank axis, (the peculiar form
of which is shown in the Drawing.) which receives motion by a ratchet
wheel P, affixed on that axis, such wheel being actuated by the rod P', shown
in Figure 1 and 2, which receives motion from the sword b; by this means, the
chaps of the temple will be closed, and by means of the links Q, Q, the temples,
when closed and holding the cloth, will be drawn or moved sideways and end-
wise, as is shown; the weight R tending to keep the chaps of the temples open
when not pressed up by the cranks, and the temples will at all times be open
as they go in towards the cloth, and will then close and be moved, as above
mentioned. I would remark, that when similar temples for holding the cloth,
as it is made, have been used, they have not had the movement given to them
above described, but have simply opened and closed.
I will now describe the cleventh part of my Invention, which relates to a
peculiar arrangemeut of revolving temples; this part of my Invention is shown
at Figure 9. Q' is a spike wheel whero the spikes are all fixed, and R' is a
wheel, having the spikes capable of sliding with the cloth after they have taken s
the cloth thereon; each of the points or spikes is placed on a strong stem,
which slides through the boss of the wheel R', thero being a slot for the point
or spike to move in; the ends of the stems of tho spikes rest against the
roller S; hence they will successively approach the cloth, and having penetrated
through it, they move outwards, stretching the cloth; and it will be seen that 8
there is an inclined surface T, against which the points move for withdrawing
them from the cloth.
I will now describe the twelfth part of my Invention, which relates to a
mode of stopping the loom by means of the shuttle when yarns stick in the

page_text: shed, and this is accomplished by means of the shuttle being so arranged as to
have the shoot cut, and thus bring into action suitable machinery for stopping
the loom when weft is not properly supplied. The shuttle has applied to it a
cutting apparatus, clearly shown in the Drawing, one part, which is at the end
of the lever U, the other end of the lever U standing in such a position as to
be interfered with and operated on by any sticking warp interfering with the
shed, all which is clearly shown at Figures 10 and 11.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, I would wish it to be understood that I make no
claim to any of the parts other than are herein-after particularly mentioned;
and I would have it understood that what I claim is,.-
First, the mode of applying springs to the slay of a loom, and arranging
the slay, that it may move freely on the swords to be acted on by such springs.
Secondly, I claim the applying springs to the connecting rods, to give clas-
ticity to the beat up.
Thirdly, I claim the mode of stopping the beat-up of a loom when the
shuttle is not thrown across into the shuttle box.
Fourthly, I claim the mode of stopping a loom, by combining the spring p
with the fork, and striking such spring with the slay, as above described.
Fifthly, I claim the mode of taking up the cloth as it is produced, by tho
application of the wheel t and parts for moving the same.
Sixthly, I claim the mode of giving off the warp by means of an endless
chain of teeth and parts connected therewith.
Seventhly, I claim the mode of regulating the giving off of the warp by
means of the wheel & and parts for moving the same.
Eighthly, I claim the mode of giving off the warp by means of grooved
rollers, as above described.
Ninthly, I claim the mode of applying the wheel and parts applied for giving
motion to the treadles, as above described.
Tenthly, I claim the mode of giving motion to temples in addition to closing
and opening them, as above described.
Eleventhly, I claim the mode of constructing revolving temples, by giving
motion to the points, as above described.
And, twelfthly, I claim the applying apparatus to be acted on by yarn
sticking in the shed and to cut the shoot, as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Osbaldeston, have hereunto set my
band and seal, this Twelfth day of August, One thousand eight hundred
and forte two
JOHN (L.s.) OSBALDESTON.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twelfth day of August, in the
year of our Lord 1842, the aforesaid John Osbaldeston came beforo our said
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped, according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Fifteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-two.