IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR GRINDING OR LEVIGATING VARIOUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Goodall, of Derby, Druggist, for the
Invention of "IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR GRINDING OR
LEVIGATING VARIOUS SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 27th August 1858, and dated the 24th June 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Goodall at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 24th June 1853.
I, HENRY GOODALL, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR GRINDING OR LEVI-
GATING VARIOUS SUBSTANCES" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in a novel or improved arrangement of
machinery or apparatus, whereby the operations of grinding or levi-
gating various substances may be performed by the aid of a pestle, or
an instrument resenibling a pestle, instead of by means of rollers or flat
grinding surfaces.
The substances or materials to be operated upon are to be placed in
a mortar, or vessel resembling a mortar, in which is made to work by
mechanical means a pestle which by its action will grind up, mix, and
levigate the materials placed in the mortar or vessel. The pestle is
secured to a lever, which is actuated by means of toothed gear in such
a manner as to give exactly the same. motion as is imparted thereto by

page_text: hand when substances are ground or pulverized in a mortar by manual
labour. A slow rotary motion on its axis may be communicated to the
pestle, if required. The gearing for actuating the pestle is driven by
means of bevil-toothed gear on the main driving shaft, which is pro-
vided at one end with a winch handle, whereby it may be rotated.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Elemy Goodall in the Great Seal Patent Office,
on the 24th December 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
HENRY GOODALL, of Derby, Druggist, send grecting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of June, in the year
of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the seven-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Henry Goodall, Her special license
that I, the said Henry Goodall, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry Goodall, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED MA-
CHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR GRINDING OR LEVIGATING VARIOUS SUBSTANCES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Henry Goodall,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particu-
larly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Goodall, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto
annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):

page_text: This Invention consists in a novel or improved arrangement of
machinery or apparatus, whereby the operations of grinding or levigating
various substances may be performed by the aid of a pestle, or an
instrument resembling a pestle, instead of by means of rollers or flat
grinding surfaces. The same arrangement of machinery is also appli-
cable for grinding flat or curved surfaces, or for mixing bread or other
materials, a tool of proper form being employed in place of the pestle
required for pulverizing substances.
The substances or materials to be pulverized or operated upon are
to be placed in a mortar or vessel, in which is made to work by
mechanical means a pestle, grinding tool, or other suitable instrument,
which by its action will grind, pulverize, mix, or levigate the materials
placed in the mortar or vessel. The pestle or grinding tool is secured
to a lever, which is actuated by means of toothed gear in such a
manner as to give a motion similar to that which is imparted to
such an instrument by the hand when substances are ground, mixed,
or pulverized in a mortar by manual labour. A rotary motion on its
axis may be communicated to the pestle or grinding tool, if required.
The gearing for actuating the pestle or grinding tool is driven by
meaus of hevil-toothed gear on the main driving shaft, which is pro-
vided at one end with a winch handle, whereby it may be rotated
and the several parts thereby actuated.
In order, however, that the nature of my Invention may be more
clearly understood, I have shown in the accompanying Drawing three
views of an arrangement of parts whereby it may be carried into effect.
Fig. 1, is a plan view of the machine complete; and Fig. 2, is a
sectional clevation thereof. a, a, a, is the main framing or table, on
which the apparatus is secured; and b, b, is the mortar or vessel in
which the substances or materials to be operated upon are placed.
c, is a vertical arm or rod provided at its lower end with a ball or pestle,
whereby the substances to be operated upon are ground, pulverized,
orlevigated. The upper end of this arm or rod c, is inserted in a
jointed socket d, which is connected to the lever or arm e, e, by an
universal joint, as shown in Fig. 2. The lever e, is connected to an
upright standard f, by a joint g, and it may be weighted to any desired
extent, according to the substance to be operated upon, by hanging or

page_text: suspending weights from a hook near one end thereof, or weights may
be applied direct on the shaft of the pestle, grinding tool, or instrument.
Motion is communicated to the vertical arm c, by means of the horizon-
tal rod h, one end of which is secured on a pin or stud i, and has a
rotating motion communicated to it by the bevel wheels P₁ and .. The
horizontal rod h, is also connected at or near its central part to a second
set of bevil wheels p, and 7, by means of a pin or stud j, so that a com-
pound rotating motion is communicated to the ball or pestle, which is
made constantly to describe a different circle, or a circle in a different
place to that immediately preceding it. The studs i, and, by which
the rod h, is secured, are mounted on slides k, l, (as seen best in the
<detached sectional view, Fig. 8); these slides are moved to and fro by
the connecting bars or rods 1, 1, which are jointed at one end to the
excentric pin m, m, of the toothed planet wheels », "; These wheels
are mounted on-pins or studs attached to the plates o, o, in each train.
These plates are secured to the boss of the bevil-toothed wheel P. which
is driven by a similar wheel 9, on the main driving shaft 2. The pivot
or stud on which the wheel p, is mounted, is provided at its upper end
with a fixed or stationary pinion s, round which the planet wheel 2, will
be made to revolve by the rotation of the evil wheel p, the planet
wheel being also at the same time made to rotate on its axis by gearing
into the teeth of the pinions. The two trains of wheels which govern
the motions of the horizontal rod or arm h, are precisely similar, and it
is the continual change in position of the studs i, and j, affected by the
.sun and planet wheels, as above explained, that the variations in the
circles, rotations, or revolutions described by the pestle or ball of the
vertical arm c, are effected. The attendant, therefore, has only to
supply the mortar or vessel b, b, with the material to be operated upon,
and then to communicate motion to the main shaft 1, either by hand
labour or other power, and the grinding, levigating, or mixing operation
will be effected.
Although in the accompanying Drawing I have shewn my Inven-
tion as applied for grinding, pulverizing, or levigating substances or
materials in a mortar or vessel, yet it will be seen that a similar
arrangement of parts may be employed for grinding or polishing either
flat or curved surfaces; the same arrangement of machinery, with a

page_text: suitable grinding tool or other instrument, is therefore applicable for
grinding or polishing stone, marble, metal, or glass surfaces, or mixing
and kneading bread or biscuits.
Having now described my Invention, and the best means with which
I am at present acquainted for carrying the same into effect, I would
observe, in conclusion, that I do not mean to confine myself rigidly to
the precise arrangement or construction of parts herein shewn and
described, as they may doubtless he varied without departing from the
nature and object of the present improvements; but that which I con-
sider to be new, and therefore wish to claim as the Invention secured
to me by Letters Patent as aforesaid, is, communicating to a ball, pestle,
or grinding tool, surface or instrument, by the mechanical contrivances
above shewn, a compound rotary motion, whereby the ball, pestle, or
grinding tool or surface, or other instrument, is made to perform a
constantly varying rotary motion, so that the said ball, pestle, surface,
tool, or instrument may more effectually and uniformly act upon the
article or articles under operation.
I claim particularly the employment for the purposes above set forth
of a vertical shaft or rod secured or held at the upper end thereof, as
shewn, and actuated by any convenient mechanical contrivance.
I further claim the application to a horizontal shaft or rod of
duplicate cranks, excentrics, or wheels, for the purpose of communica-
ting to a vertical rod or shaft a rotary or compound rotary motion.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Goodall, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Twentieth day of December, in the
vear of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
0
Witness,
EDWARD PALMER,
3, St. Peter's Street,
Derby.
HENRY GOODALL. (L.S.)