improvements in and relating to switen and out out Apparatus for Incandescent Electric Lamps.
Year: 1888

page_text: improvements in and relating to switen and out out Apparatus
for Incandescent Electric Lamps.
A communication from abroad by CHARLES HEISLER, of St. Louis, in the State of
Missouri, in the United States of America, Electrician.
1, PHILIP MIDDLETON JUSTICE of 55 and 56 Chancery Lane in the County of
Middlesex Fellow of the Institute of l'atent Agents, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to incandescent electric lamps, the improvements relating to
the automatic shunting of the current to cut out a lamp when it becomes inoperative,
and the principle of construction is shown as applied first, in the case of a single lamp,
second, where two or more lamps are used, in which latter case another lamp is
brought into action upon the failure of one. The objects sought are certainty of
operation, economy of construction, with compactness and simplicity. The single
lamp is shown in Figures 1 to 4 inclusive, in which :
Figure 1 represents a side elevation of the improved shunting mechanism, the case
for enclosing the same being shown in section.
Figure 2 is a side elevation looking from the left of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is also a side elevation looking from the right of Figure 1.
Figure 4 represents a section on liner of Figure 1.
In these drawings A represents the tubular bracket or support for the lamp through
which the wires are led to the lamp. To this tube is screwed a casting B consisting
of a tubular shank having legs b, b, which are bolted to a thin disc of vulcanized
fibre or other insulating material. This dise forms a support for the lamp and inter-
mediate parts, and serves also to insulate them, and the wires may be rea lily led to
the binding posts D, E, which are supported on the disc in line at right angles to
that of legs b, b. This allows the line wires from the tubular shank to be brought
laterally to the binding posts. These posts are connected to and support the upper

page_text: 9.
extension or pole piece of the core of an electro magnet F. This core f is cast with
extensions or pole pieces g, h, which are in the form of flanges at right angles to the
axis of the core. The binding posts are extended and pass through the upper flange g. the
post D being electrically connected to the flange by direct contact, and mechanically by a
nut 1 on its lower end, and it is held at proper distance therefrom by sleeves 2 and 3.
The other post E passes through the flange y but is insulted therefrom. It is made to
support the flange by means of a nut 4, between which and the under surface of the
flange is an insulating collar 5 on the post.
22
On the upper surface of the flange is a piece k placed on the post E and
in electrical connection therewith, but insulated from the flange by a non-conducting
plate 6 and clamped between this plate and the upper disc by a non-conducting
Sleeve 7. The piece forms a bearing for the conducting and short circuiting springs
and m which are held on the post I), being clamped by the sleeves, and in electrical
connection with said post, so that when either or both of said springs and m bear on
the piece k the lamp is short circuited. The spring 7 is raised by a cam on the shaft
of the thumb piece and forms the manual switch. The spring m rests normally on
an easily fusible block o which rests upon and is in contact with the upper flange of
the core next its edge. It is held between a pin 8 and the end of the piece k from
which it is separated electrically, by a piece of paper or by an air space. The lower
flange of the core has a raised portion in its lower surface to which the socket 9
of the lamp terminal is attached, the lower disc of vulcanized fibre similar to the
upper being held between this socket and the raised portion of the flange. This
socket forms an electrical connection with the flange and the circuit on this side of
the apparatus, is from the line wire through the binding post D, the upper flange,
the core, the lower flange, and the socket 9, to the lamp. On the other side the post E
extends down into a piece p to which it is electrically connected, being held thereon
securely by a set screw. The electro magnetic core with its extension thus forms the
sole connection between one of the lamp terininals and the supporting bracket. The
piece p abuts against the lower disc and extending inwardly towards its centre is fixed
to the socket 10 for the lamp terminal. Thus when the thermal and manual switches
are open the circuit is through the post E, piece p, socket 10, the lamp, and the
socket 9, to the line as above described. The principal reliance for short circuiting
the lamp in case of accident thereto is the electro magnetic switches, the thermal as
above described being intended to operate in case of failure of the electro magnetic
switch. The armature 7 by which this switch is operated is pivoted in the edge of
the upper flange g or pole of the electro magnet and hangs with its lower end in
front of the edge of the lower flange or pole, from which it is normally held by a
spring 11. Its outer face has near one edge a lug adapted to catch and hold up the
switch lever L and near the other edge a low curved flange against which the end of
said lever bears to limit properly the outward movement of the armature. The switch
lever L is of special fitted in its relation to the other parts. It is approximately a
half ring. One end is pivoted on a horizontal pivot in lugs on the edge of the lower
flange. The lever is above its pivot and is bent around the core and post E, and the
free end extends in front of the lower end of the armature and opposite the pivoted
end. A spring fixed to the flange g bears on the outer face of the pivoted end of
the lever above its pivot, tending to force down the free end, forming also electrical
connection therewith. The free end of the lever is made to rest against the curved
flange on the outer face of the armature, and when raised to rest upon the lug on
said outer face, the armature being pressed out to catch under the lever as above
explained. This extreme end of the lever bears against the flange on the armature,
and when the parts are put together this end may be bent to adjust the armature
properly to the pole of the magnet. Within range of the lever as it drops when
released by the armature are spring contact fingers on the piece p. When the lever
is down these complete a shunt circuit from the post E through the piece p to lever L
and thence to the upper flange and post D, thus short circuiting the lamp. The lever
might drop directly upon the piece p or some equivalent connection between the post
and sleeve 10, but the yielding fingers form better connection. The switch acts as

page_text: ordinary electro magnetic switches when the current is forced through the coil t
placed around the core. The apparatus described is designed for lamps working by an
alternating current. Such a current when forced through the coils of an electro
magnet heats first and principally the core, and the fusible block is therefore interposed
between the core extension or flange and the thermal switch spring, so that on
failure of the electrical switch to act, the melting of the block due to rise of
temperature of the flange caused by the excess of current in the coil, may allow the
thermal switch spring to drop and close the short circuit. The connections in the
circuit are shown by wire 12 connected at 13 to the upper flange and wire 14 forming
the other end of the coil joined to the post E. The coil thus forms a circuit around
the lamp, and when the lamp fails to act, the current is forced through the coil,
which it heats and thus melts the fusible block. It is preferred to cast the core and
its flanges or extensions forming the poles in one piece for economy of construc-
tion, but whether thus cast in one piece or of several connected pieces, they form the
main frame work for all the structure as well as the electrical connection in one part
of the line. Further the upper core extension or flange g is the bearing for the shaft
by which the manual switch is operated, and on this also the upper disc is supported
which is connected to the legs of the bracket connection. The construction above
described is such that the completed and united parts form a compact mechanism
which may be enclosed in a cylindrical case. This is formed in parts, the main case M
being of cylindrical sheet metal and enclosing the main body of the shunting
mechanism. The upper part is in the form of a cap N spun in the shape shown and
having a hole in the upper part fitting the tubular bracket. The lower part is
cylindrical and fits over the upper part of the body M. In putting the parts up this
is first slipped on the tubular bracket, then the casting B is screwed on with the
shunt mechanism attached, and the body M. may be passed up over this mechanism
and attached to the upper part N. It is preferred to form the lower part of the casing
in one piece with the cylindrical part by spinning it in the form shown at 1', but the
flaring part may be formed separately and soldered to the part M. In the lower edge
of this are ventilating holes and screws for the lamp globe. The easily fusible block
as above described is electrically separated from the piece but is near to it, the
separation being formed either by a piece of paper interposed or simply by an air
space. In case the spring switch connection fails to operate through failure of the
flange to melt the core a spark will pass from the pieek to the block and melt it,
thus causing the switch to operate. When it is desirable to use two or more lamps in
order to continue the light after one or more becomes inoperative the same principle
of construction is embodied in the form shown in Figures 5 to 9 inclusive.
In these drawings
Figure 5 is a side elevation of the two lamps.
Figure 6 represents a side elevation of the magnet with the armatures and shunting
levers attached thereto.
Figure 7 is a horizontal section on line of Figure 6.
Figure a is a bottom view of the lamp terminais.
Figure 9 is a diagram illustrating the apparatus with the electrical connections, the
parts being somewhat displaced for the purpose of showing the connections more
clearly.
In these drawings are shown a pair of incandescent lamps A, B. The lamp A is
attached to two sockets a, b, and the lamp B to two other sockets c, d, and these are
supported upon the framework of the electro magnet hereinafter explained. They
connect with the terminals of the lamp as shown more clearly in Figure 9, that is to
say a, b, with the terminals of the lump A, an I c. d, with the terminals of the lamp B.
The cores of the electro magnets are shown at D. They are in the form of a flat har
(as shown in Figure 7 in dotted lines) set on end. These form practically one piece
Figure is a nottom view of the lamp terminais.
Figure 9 is a diagram illustrating the apparatus with the electrical connections, the
parts being somewhat displaced for the purpose of showing the connections more
clearly.
In these drawings are shown a pair of incandescent lamps A, B. The lamp A is
attached to two sockets a, b, and the lamp B to two other sockets c, d, and these are
supported upon the framework of the electro magnet hereinafter explained. They
connect with the terminals of the lamp as shown more clearly in Figure 9, that is to
say a, b, with the terminals of the lump A, an 1 c, d, with the terminals of the lamp B.
The cores of the electro magnets are shown at 1). They are in the form of a flat har
(as shown in Figure 7 in dotted lines) set on end. These form practically one piece
and are preferably cast, though they may be otherwise formed with flanges e, 1, 9,
these flanges forming pole pieces of two magne's, the central flange being common
to both. The lower flange has a raised portion or boss on its lower surface, to
which is botted one of the sockets a of the lamp A. On the upper flange e is a
y

page_text: binding post for electrically connecting one end of the line wire with that flange,
thus forming an electrical connection with the line directly through the core D of
both magnets, and the boss ' to one of the terminals of the lamp, in the same manner
as explained in connection with the single lamp. The sockets b, c, may be cast in one
piece, and they are hoth connected to a conducting bracket E which extends upwards
outside of the electro magnet, and the upper part is bent inward and bolted to, but
insulated upon the upper flange e, and is in electrical connection with the binding
post. The insulating disc F, preferably of vulcanized fibre, is held by the bolts
which connect the sockets to their supports, being interposed between the sockets and
said supports. It will be observed that the current from the line, when the lamp A is
working, is through permanent connections, namely, through the core D, socket a, the
lamp, the socket b, bracket E, and back to the line, and when the current is through
this circuit there is practically no current through the socket d.
The next point is to establish a current in the lamp B, in case of failure in the
working of lamp A. This action is accomplished in the following manner-About
the upper part of the core D a coil is wound, this being connected electrically at its
upper end directly with the binding post through which the current enters. The
lower end of this coil is connected by means of the wire 9 with the arm G. The
lever H is supported out of contact with the spring 6 by means of an armature K
pivotally supported as shown, and depending so that it will extend downwardly beside
the coil and its core with its free end opposite the contral flange f. It has a suitable
projection at this end as shown in Figure 7 to engage with a shoulder on the lever H,
and a spring is provided which keeps it normally away from the flange. Now when
from any cause the lamp A is inoperative, and the circuit through the core D is thus
broken, the current will be forced through the coil 1, finding an outlet or complete
circuit through the wire 9, arm G, lamp B, and bracket E. While this establishes a
current, the current derived does not render the lamp fully operative, and hence the
working circuit must be formed through the lever H and contact 6. The combined
magnetic force of the pole piece f, upper core D, and coil P, attracts the armature K
against the pressure of the spring, thus releasing the lever H, which falling upon the
spring 6, closes the circuit and furnishes the current necessary to work lamp B. The
means for short circuiting the entire lamp upon the failure of lamp B are now to he
described. A second lever similar to H is employed as at 3, also pivoted to the central
flange. With this is combined an armature K' secured to the lower flange so as to
have movement towards and from the adjacent portion of core D. As with the other
armature K a spring is used to hold the armature in a normal position away from the
central flange and in engagement with the lever 3 to support the same. Directly
beneath and in range of the end of lever 3 as it falls is a second spring 7 connected
directly with the bracket E. The circuit which must be established for cutting out
the entire lamp, is formed through the lever 3, contact 7, and bracket E, and this is
effected as follows-
Around the lower core D is wound a coil 7 having its upper end in electrical
connection with the flange f, and its other end connected to one of the contact
pieces 14 of a switch 13, 14, which as shown is normally open. The contact piece 13
of this switch is connected electrically with the bracket E and mechanically with a
tail piece on the lever H through non-conducting connection 15. Now when the
lever H fails to work the second lamp B, contact is made at the switch so that upon
failure of this lamp, the circuit being broken therethrough, and also through the
cores D and first lamp, the current will have only one outlet, namely, through the
coil, switch, and bracket. The passage of the current through this course will
magnetize the lower core D, which, together with the coil and pole piece, will exert
sufficient force to overcome the spring and to attract the armature, thereby releasing
lever 3 and making the required short circuit for the entire lamp.
The action of the parts is as follows:-While the lamp A is operative the current
passes entirely through the soft iron core D, little or no current being present in the
coil or the electro magnet wherein the resistance is much greater than that offered
by the lamp. When, however, this lamp ceases to work by reason of the destruction

page_text: of the filament, the current is forced through the upper coil of the electro magnet, the
lower one being broken at the switch. The passage of the current through the upper
coil magnetizes the upper core only, and this attraction together with that of the coils
and pole pieces, causes the upper armature K to move, the other armature remaining
inactive. The movement of the upper armature releases the lever H, which establishes
the working circuit through the contact 6 and the lamp B. This action also closes
the switches and provides an additional circuit through the lower coil 1, switches, and
bracket E, which circuit however is of high resistance and receives little or no current
while the lamp B is operating. Upon the failure of this second lamp, however, the
current is forced through this high resistance circuit with a result similar to that
described in connection with the coil, that is to say, the lower coil is magnetized,
the lower armature drawn up, and the lever 3 falls, thus accomplishing the cut out of
the entire lamp.
A manual or thermal switch may be located upon the upper flange e, and the parts
are intended to be supported and connected in the same manner as in the form first
shown. Only two lamps are shown but others may be added by grouping them on
the same principle. It will of course he understood that the resistance of the coils 1,1,
must be greater than the resistance of the filament of the lamps, the difference of
connection being left to the skill of the operator, it being understood that when the
lamp is working practically the current shall not go through the coils of the electro
magnets.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me
by my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is :
1. In combination with an electric lamp, and an electro magnetic shunting
mechanism, the core of which is directly connected to one of the lamp terminals, and
forms a part of the circuit between that terminal and one of the line wires, and having
its coil in a circuit around the lamp, a switch operated by the electro magnet and
arranged to short circuit the lamp.
2. In combination with an electric lamp, a magnet core, the coils of which are in
shunt with the lamp circuit, and having flanges on its ends acting as pole pieces, the
flanges at one end being connected permanently to one of the lamp terminals, the
flange at the other end connected to binding posts, one insulated and the other
uninsulated therefrom, connections between the insulated post and the other lamp
terminal, whereby the lamp circuit is formed through the core, and a
operated by the armature of the electro magnet when the lamp fails to work" shunt
3. An electro magnet having a core formed with flanged or extended pole pieces
attached on one end to one of the terminals of a lamp, binding posts upon the flange
of the other end, with bracket connections and with binding posts, one insulated from
the flange and connected to the other lamp terminal, and the other uninsulated on the
same flange, a coil about the core in shunt with the lamp circuit, an armature binged
upon the flange of one end of the core and extending in front of the edge of the flange
on the other end, a conducting lever arranged when down to short circuit the lamp,
and normally held up by a shoulder on the armature, but arranged to be released when
the armature is attracted to the core.
4. In combination with an electric lamp, and an electro magnet, a switch, one end
of the core of the electro magnet being rigidly connected to the bracket as A, and the
other end rigidly connected to the lamp, the core with its extension forming the sole
connection between one of the lamp terminals and bracket.
5. In combination with the upper and lower flanges of the core of the magneto
electric switch, a socket for the lamp terminal connected directly to the lower flange
and electrically connected to a binding post on the upper flange, an extension of a
second socket for the lamp terminal, electrically connected to the other binding post
also supported on the upper flange an insulating disc at each end of the electro magnet
and supported thereon.
6. In combination with an electric lamp, an electro magnet, the core of which forms

page_text: a part of the permanent circuit of the lamp, and the armature of which controls a
shunting lever for short circuiting the lamp, a flange on one end of the electro
magnetic core, a manual switch, and bearing for the switch key on said flange.
7. In combination with an incandescent electric lamp, an electro magnet having its
coil in shunt with the lamp circuit, a flange on one end of the core of the magnet
supporting a manual and a thermal switch, an electro magnetic switch controlled by
the armature of the electro magnet, and a fusible block interposed between the
surface of the flange and the thermal switch, whereby under the influence of the
alternating currents the block may be melted and the switch operated.
8. In combination with the lamp, the electro magnet and its armature hinged
on one flange of the core, and extending before the other, a conducting lever
pivoted on one side of the flange and extending around to a point opposite the
free end of the armature and contact piece in circuit.
9. In combination with the lamp and the electro magnetic switch therefor, the core
of the magnet being in the lamp circuit, a flange forming one pole of the electro
magnet, a binding post fixed and insulated on the flange, and an extension of said
binding post to complete the lamp circuit, an insulating disc supported on the
posts and a shank having legs attached to the disc, whereby the disc is connected
to the bracket.
10. In combination with the lamp and the electro magnetic switch therefor, the
core of the magnet being in the lamp circuit. by means of a binding post on a
flange on one end of the core, and a raised portion on a flange at the other end
of the core to which the lamp socket is fixed, and a binding post and connections
to complete the lamp circuit.
a
11. In combination with the pole piece of the core of the electro magnetic switch of
an electric lamp, a fusible block resting on the pole piece and normally sustaining
spring switch out of contact with a piece k, which is in connection with the lamp
circuit and underneath the spring switch, the fusible block being located near but
separated electrically from the piece k.
12. A spring for the manual switch, and a spring for the thermal switch, both
combined with a single screw and with sleeves thereon.
13. In combination the electro magnet with its core and flanges, the automatic
short circuiting lever pivoted upon the lower flange of the core, and bent around the
core of the described cut out.
14. In combination the electro magnet with its core and flanges, the automatic
short circuiting lever arranged around the core as described, and having its pivot
upon the lower flange, the spring r fixed to the upper flange and bearing upon the
lever above its pivot.
15. The combination with the upper disc, the cut out mechanism, the bridge having
a hollow boss, said bridge holding the disc and the cut out mechanism to the pipe
fastening, and the wires passing through the hollow boss of the bridge, and carried
outwardly through the openings in the bridge to the binding post.
16. In combination with the lower flange of the iron core of the cut out, a lamp
socket attached directly to said flange.
17. In combination, an electric lamp permanently in the main circuit through the
core of an electro magnet having two spools on one core, a second lamp, one terminal
of which is connected with the main line by a shunt through the core of the electro
magnet which is normally open while the first lamp is operating, connection between
the coil of one spool, and one terminal of the second lamp, an armature operated by
the electro magnet to close the circuit of said lamp through the core, a second switch
arranged to short circuit the lamps through the core, a switch between the second
coil on the electro magnet and the line normally open, and closed by the first switch of
the electro magnet to form connection with the main line, and a second armature to
operate the switch which short circuits the lamp.
18. In combination the core D having the pole flanges f, g, and its armatures and
coils, an electro magnet having one terminal directly connected to the lower flange,
and to the line through the upper flange, and its other terminal connected to the line

page_text: through a conducting piece supported upon a flange of the core but insulated there-
from, whereby the circuit of the lamp is through the core of the electro magnet, a
second lamp having one terminal connected to the same conducting piece with the
second terminal of the first lamp, and its other terminal connected to the line through a
switch released by an armature K when the first lamp ceases to work, by means of
the coil whereby the second lamp is placed in circuit, a second switch arranged to
short circuit both lamps, and released by an armature K controlled by the coil 7 in
circuit with the main line through a switch as 13-14.
19. In combination with two spools having a common iron core, flanges upon the
ends of said core, and an intermediate flange forming one common pole piece,
combined with two armatures.
20. In combination the core D) having pole pieces e and the armature K and the
switch lever H, said armature and switch lever being supported by said flanges e
and f
21. In combination the core D common to two spools, and having flanges e and g
and intermediate flange, the armatures and switch levers, all of said parts being
supported by the flanges.
PHILIP M. JUSTICE.

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Mar., 1888
Specification Accepted, 15th June, 1888
A communication from abroad by CHARLES HEISLER, of St. Louis, in the State of
Missouri, in the United States of America, Electrician.
I, PHILIP MIDDLETON JUSTICE of 55 and 56 Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in dynamo electric machines and in regulating
and measuring apparatus for use with same. The first part of the invention relates to
a dynamo machine designed to furnish alternate currents, and is shown in the
accompanying drawings, Figures 1 to 6 inclusive, where Figure 1 represents a vertical
longitudinal central section of the improved dynamo, Figure 2 a perspective view of
same with certain parts removed, Figure 2ª a portion of the armature, Figure 3 an
end elevation of the field magnets and armatures, Figure 4 a perspective of an
armature section, Figure 5 a diagram showing the armature core with one set of coils
wound thereon, the spaces between being provided for the coils of the other set.
Figure 6 is a section of the armature core, showing the relative arrangement of a
portion of the coils of two circuits, it being understood that the arrangement of the
coils upon the other sections of the core is precisely the same.
This part of the invention includes a stationary armature, revolving field magnets,
and an exciting generator for the field magnets, supplying a continuous current
thereto, the stationary armature being composed of sections wound to produce
alternating currents adapted to furnish the working circuits without the use of a
commutator.
In these drawings A, A, A, represent the base plates of the machine which support
the frame, consisting of the end and intermediate rings or standards, B, B', B, and
the rods extending between them. A yoke a supports the main driving shaft Cat
one end of the frame, and the extreme opposite end of the shaft is supported in a
bracket b provided with the necessary lubricating attachment. The ordinary belt.

page_text: wheel for communicating power to the shaft is shown at c. On the shaft between
the rings B, B1, is mounted the field magnets D, forming part of the main generator,
this field magnet consisting of the cylindrical section d, and the magnets e.
The
section d is provided with a hub at each end, and through these hubs, the field magnet
is rigidly secured to the shaft, and revolves with it.
Openings are formed around the hubs for the admission of air in keeping the parts
cool. The series of magnets is mounted upon the periphery of the section d, but
insulated therefrom by a strip of insulating material, as at f. The cores of the
magnets are secured to the section d by properly insulated screws, or in any other
suitable manner.
These cores are of less length than the cylinder d, and the pole
pieces secured to the top of the cores are of the same length as the cylinder, and the
coils of wire wound around the core are thus securely held in place.
On the same shaft the revolving armature of an exciting generator of the Gramme
type is mounted. The field magnet of this generator is shown at E and consists of
three rings g, h, i, placed side by side with the coils of wire wound around the same,
and the pole pieces k. At opposite points on the periphery of the field magnet, lugs 1, 1,
project, as in Figure 2, and are adapted to bear against two pieces secured to the
inside of the front ring standards B². Two similar lugs m, m, at right angles to
the lugs 1, 1, rest against the inner periphery of lugs n, n, projecting from the front
standard, and to these lugs n, n, the projections m, m, of the magnet ring are secured,
thus supporting the magnet rigidly in its proper position and preventing any displace-
ment. The revolving armature of the exciting generator is composed of sheet metal strips,
as shown in Figure 2, arranged with their ends supported by rods passing through
the same,
the ends of the strips of adjoining sections being side by side, thus leaving
air spaces between the series of strips of each section.
The commutator of the exciting generator is shown at F, and the brushes at G,
of ordinary construction, and the coils of the field magnets of the main generator are
connected in the following manner with the exciting machine. Commencing with the
field magnet of the exciting generator, the current generated passes through the con-
nection 1, insulated shank 2, and brushes G, the commutator F, and through the
brushes G¹, ring 3, and wire 5, to the field magnets of the main generator, thence
through the return wire 4 to the ring 6, brush 7, insulated sleeve 8, and back to the
field of the exciting generator through the wire 9.
Between the exciting machine and the field magnet of the main generator is
mounted a fan I, on the main shaft, to assist in creating a draft of air through the
machine, and thus keep the parts cool.
0, 0,
The stationary armature surrounding the revolving field magnets is composed of
sections, and while eight are shewn in the drawings, it will be understood that other
numbers may be employed. Each section is composed of a core and a series of coils
surrounding the same. The core is composed of a series of pieces of sheet iron
which are laid side by side, and held together by bolts, and by the coils passing
around the same. The ends of the sheet iron strips are concaved or grooved, so as to
adapt them to fit the periphery of the supporting rods K, which extend between the
ring standards B and B and support the sections of the armature. These rods are
covered with, or composed of, insulating material, and thus each section is insulated
from the other. At each end of the core, the sheet iron pieces are more firmly held
to the insulated rods by the brackets p, which have a semi-curved arm adapted to the
curve of the rods, and an angular piece adapted to be secured to one of the sheet metal
strips, as shown in Figure 4, and intermediate supports are provided as shewn at
consisting of a bracket having a curved portion adapted to the rods, with an inwardly
projecting part 10, for attachment to one of the sheet metal pieces, and the angle
plates 11, above and below, which aid in keeping the wires of adjoining sections apart.
In order to prevent the wires of adjoining coils from being displaced, I provide the
lugs r adapted to be secured at intervals to the sheet metal sections, with bearing
faces, one upon each side, parallel to each other, but some distance apart, thus keeping
adjoining coils from displacement. The coils are wound as shewn in Figure 4, with
insulating material between them and the metal core,
Y

page_text: The manner of winding the coils upon the armature is shown in Figures 5 and 6.
The object of this is to produce separate circuits from each section of the armature.
The number of coils on every section is even. They are connected in pairs on every
section, but the connected coils of each section are wound one in one direction, and
one in the opposite direction, and throughout the whole of any circuit the immediate
connection is between coils wound reversely to each other.
Alternating with the coils of any one circuit, wound as above described, are placed
the coils of another similar circuit wound in the same way, so that in the two circuits
there are pairs side by side both wound in one direction, alternating with other pairs
also side by side, both wound in opposite directions, but each independent circuit is
composed of coils which alternate with those of the other circuit in position, but with
each other in direction of winding. The sections are preferably wound so as to bring
the terminals of each circuit at the greatest distance apart, thus keeping the terminals
of each circuit independent of the terminals of the other circuits, and preventing
confusion of the wires which would be liable to occur were all the terminals brought
out at one point.
Beginning with the terminal 1, in Figure 6, the coil is made in one direction with
the adjoining coil 2, wound in the same direction. The next coil 3 is wound in a
direction reverse from coils 1 and 2, and is connected with coil 1. The next coil 4,
of the section is wound in the same direction as coil 3, and is connected with coil 2.
The other sections are wound in precisely the same manner, and are connected with
the coils of the adjoining sections, Figure 5, showing the alternate coils of the
armature core connected to form one circuit, the spaces between the coils in practice
being filled by the coils forming the other circuit, and arranged upon the armature
after the order shown in the section of the armature core in Figure 6. It will thus
be seen that every section of the armature core contains an even number of coils..
each pair in order being wound in one direction but connected alternately, the
connections thus being made with coils wound in reverse directions.
In Figure 5 are shown the coils arranged for a single circuit and it will be under-
stood that when the coils are wound in the intervening spaces shown in that figure,
that two independent circuits will be formed. The number of circuits may however
be increased to four by dividing the jumper at s, Figure 5, which will thus give
four circuits to the core instead of two, and of course this number may be increased
by dividing the coils of the sections into a greater number of series, and increasing
the number of terminals in a corresponding manner. Also the coils of the sections
may be increased, and this will also increase the capacity of the unachine as to
circuits.
The second part of this invention relates to an improved meter and regulator for a
dynamo machine. It is shown in connection with the alternating machine, but it
may be used as an Ampere meter to a single current dynamo machine, or as a Volt
meter in multiple are line, and is illustrated in Figures 6ª to 24, inclusive.
In these drawings
Figure 6 represents a front elevation of the machine.
Figure 7 is a rear elevation.
Figure 8 shows a side elevation of Figure 6ª looking from the left.
Figure 9 is a top view of the machine.
Figure 10 is a front elevation of two regulators.
Figure 11 is a perspective view of the same with part of their connections.
Figure 12 represents more clearly these connections in diagrammatic form.
Figures 13, 14 and 15 illustrate the various positions and operation of the shoe in
respect to the arms of the operating levers.
Figure 16 shows the brush holders detached.
Figure 17 shows an end view of the dynamo, and side elevation of the regulator,
illustrating the connection between the two.
Figure 18 is a top or plan view of the same.

page_text: Figures 21 and 22 are views of a modification.
Figure 23 is a face view of a dynamo with brush regulator mechanism attached.
Figure 24 is a detail view.
The simple form of the regulator in which the shaft is directly connected to the
brush of the machine will be first described. This shaft marked 3 is mounted in
bearings on the frame of the instrument, equi-distant between and parallel with the
cores A, A, of the electro magnets. These cores it is preferred to make of thin
plates of tinned iron or ordinary sheet iron, which plates extend beyond the spools to
form the poles, as shown in Figures 7, 8 and 9. The coils of the magnets may be
in the main line, or in a shunt thereof, according to the requirements of the case.
Fixed on the front end of the shaft is an index finger 2, the point of which passes in
front of a graduated segment a supported on a standard on the frame of the instru-
ment. To the same shaft is attached the inner end of a coiled spring b, the outer
end of which is fixed to the frame. This spring is properly adjusted to hold the index
finger to point over the zero mark, or some designated point on the scale when the
normal amount of current is on the line. The shaft 3 also carries armatures c, c, the
outer ends of which are adapted to pass in front of the poles of the magnet as
the shaft turns, and they are so arranged that the attraction of the poles acts upon the
armature against the tension of the spring and causes the shaft to turn and the index
finger to travel over the scale and to indicate the strength of the current, or electro-
motive force of the machine. The index finger has a downward extension d, the
lower end of which is provided with a shoc S, curved on its under side on an arc
struck from the index shaft as a centre. In the frame of the instrument, on each
side, is a bell crank lever e, pivoted at its angles. The short vertical arm thereof is
drawn by a spring f, forward, and tends thereby to raise the front end. Each lever
on its front end carries a pawl 10, which, in the upward movement of the lever
engages with a ratchet wheel. The ratchet wheels g, q'; (one for each pawl) are fixed
on the front end of the shaft 9. The pawls in their forward movement ride over the
teeth and turn the wheels, only in their upward movement, and by the force of the
spring, one pawl operating to turn the shaft 9 in one direction and the other pawl in
the other direction. The levers e are depressed by means of eccentrics on a shaft 8,
which is connected by some convenient mechanism with the shaft of the dynamo and
is thereby driven constantly. It acts on the lever e, only when the levers are up, and
then the eccentrics operate to depress the levers for the engagement with the ratchet
wheels. From the end of each lever an arm 11 extends inwardly in vertical plane
with the shoe on the end of the extension d. The end of each arm is adapted to
project under the shoe when said shoe is swung a certain distance towards such arms,
and when over the arm it holds the lever down out of operative reach of the eccentric
on the shaft 8. The ends of the shoes are made with upward turned faces, which
bear against the ends of the arms when the extension is swung, and the arui is not
down, and as shown, as the constantly revolving shaft has depressed the arm, the
shoe engages therewith. The shoe is long enough to bridge the distance between the
inner ends of the arms, and thus may hold both levers out of work, and within
certain limits of oscillation of the index finger, will thus hold both, and prevent any
rotation of the shaft 9. These limits are changeable by reason of the adjustability of
the arms which are held in the levers e by set screws 13. When the index finger
swings beyond the assigned limit, the shoe is moved from one arm, and the lever on
that side is allowed to rise and turn the shaft. This brings it into range with the
eccentric which again depresses it, and the action is continued until the extension of
the index finger returns the shoe to the position above indicated over the arm. The
action is the same on both sides, except as above explained, one lever turns the shaft
one way and the other in the opposite direction. The shaft is connected when the
instrument is used with a single current dynamo machine, directly to the brushes,
and as it turns one way or the other, moves the brushes toward or away from the
line of maximum force. The lever and pawl when released by the removal of the
shoe, continue to operate the wheel, and move the brushes until the shoe again returns
and again obstructs the lever. Over the levers e is a dog E, which slides on screws

page_text: passing through slots, and this may be used to hold the levers out of work. Opposite
the pivotal point of the index finger, are arms h placed at right angles to the finger,
and extending over mercury cups 7, into which pendant extensions dip when the
index finger moves to a designated point. This is designed to close a local alarm
circuit, and give notice to the attendant. The ratchet wheels are mutilated at 15, to
limit the movement of the shaft which operates the brushes, and causes the power to
cease to operate on the ratchet wheels after it has moved either of them a certain
prescribed limit, and this, or some equivalent is necessary to the operation of the
machine, whether it be used to directly move the brush, as in the single line, or whether
two or more be used, as in multiple lines. In order to adapt this form of regulator
to the double or multiple line from the same dynamo machine further mechanism is
required, and this is illustrated in Figures 10, 11 and 12 of the drawings. On this
sheet are shown for example, two regulators designed for two independent lines for
the same machine. In Figure 10 M, M, represent regulators of the form heretofore
referred to. In this, the shaft 8 (shown more clearly in Figure 11) operates on both
instruments, being extended over both, and carrying cams which are precisely of the
same form and arrangement as those shown in Figures 6 and 8. They act upon the
levers e in the same way, and the levers e are controlled by the extension of
the index finger in each instrument, and upon the shafts 9 of the ratchet wheels, but
in this case the shaft 9 is not connected to the brushes in either of the two instru-
ments M, M.
Direct connection with the brushes is through a separate shaft 13 which also has
ratchet wheels as shown in Figure 11. These ratchet wheels are placed one opposite
the other on the same shaft, the teeth of one being in reverse direction to those of
the other, and they are operated directly by pawls 16 and 17, placed on bars 18
and 19, as shown in Figure 12. Reciprocating motion alternately is given to these
bars through retracting springs 20 and cords 14, which cords extend to bell crank
levers 21, pivoted at their angles and having their upward arms extended to hear
against the faces of eccentrics 22 on the shafts 8. . These upwardly extending arms
are drawn towards the eccentrics by springs 23.
As the shaft 8 constantly rotates, the ratchet wheel on the shaft 13 would be
continuously and injuriously operated and would be altogether out of the control of
the instruments M. M. To bring them into control of these instruments a shaft 12 is
provided located beneath the shaft 8, and parallel thereto in suitable bearings.
It is provided with armis 24 of which only one is shown in the drawings in
Figure 11. These arms extend underneath the cams on the shafts 9, 9, and are
provided with anti-friction rollers on the end which hear on the peripheries of these
cams. The outline of the cams is shown more clearly in Figure 20. On the shaft 12
are fixed dogs 25 which extend upward and have curved faces adapted to come in
contact with pins set horizontally in the sides of the upwardly extending arms of the
bell crank levers 21. The position of these dogs in relation to the pins of the levers
is shown more clearly in Figure 12. When the arm 24 is pressed down by the high
part of the cam I the dog is thrown forward in the position shown in full lines on the
right of Figure 12, and when the arm rides upon the low part of the cam the dog is
thrown back in the position shown in full lines to the left of Figure 12. When the
anti-friction wheel of the arm 24 is on the intermediate part of the cam 7 the dogs are
in position shown in dotted lines on the left of Figure 12. The dogs are not set exactly
in line with each other, and are in reverse position as shown in Figures 11 and 12.
Figure 12 illustrates the reverse position the parts being represented in that figure
as removed from the shaft, for clearness of illustration. Action of both cams 4, 7, is
the same, and the levers 24 are precisely alike in construction and operation, and only
one is shown. When by reason of an increase of current in one of the lines from the
dynamo or other machine, the index finger is swayed, and the levers are allowed to
work and act upon the shaft 9, its notion in one direction will cause the cam / to
depress the lever 24, and when the high part of the cam is on the lever depressing it
to the extreme limit, it will turn the dogs 25 in the position shown in Figure 12, that

page_text: is to say, the left hand dog will be underneath and in contact with the pin, and the
arm of the bell crank lever which bears against the eccentric 22, and the frictional
contact will hold this arm away from the eccentric so that it will be out of action, but
the right hand dog will be in the position shown more clearly in the right hand of
Figure 12, in front of the pin of the right hand arm of the bell crank lever, not in
contact with it, so that this right hand arm will be in working connection with its
eccentric, and through its appropriate cord 14, will act upon the shaft 13, and move
the brushes in one direction. The same effect will be produced whichever instru-
ment M, is in operation when the high part of its cam comes in contact with the
arm 24. But when the arm 24 is in contact with the low part of the cam the
shaft 12 is turned by any suitable spring or weight which keeps the anti-friction roller
on the end of the arm 24 always in contact with the periphery of the cam, and the
dogs are thrown forward so that the right hand arm is held by the frictional contact
of its pin with the dog out of operative connection with its eccentric, and the
other is allowed to operate, being released so that the brushes are moved in the
opposite direction. When the end of either arm 24 is on the intermediate part m
of the cam both dogs are held under the pins, and both arms are held out of
working contact, and the brushes remain stationary. By this construction of the
apparatus each separate line has automatic regulation in its own circuit, and all of
the circuits harmoniously regulate the exciting current, so as to produce the sufficient
quantity to the line requiring the most current, and the several regulators together
will set the brushes and regulate the field magnet current for all the lines as may
be required. The brushes are held by movable arms as in the Thomson-Houston
system, but are set on a single ring, as shown clearly in Figures 16 and 17, the
ring being marked R, and the arms. Part of this ring is provided with teeth on
its external periphery, engaging with a worm on the end of the shaft 9. These parts
are shown in place at Figure 17, and in Figure 18 is illustrated also the connection
between the main shaft of the dynamo and the constantly revolving shaft 8 of the
regulator. The said connection consists of a band or rope t, and the action of the
apparatus is essentially the same whether it serves to move the brush holder directly
or indirectly, and the regulator may be placed either in the ordinary circuit or in the
circuit resistance.
In Figures 21 and 22 is shown a modified form of the regulating device. The
shoe S is carried by an arm which is supported from the armature shaft and extends
to one side of the supporting frame. The armature shaft and the shaft 9 in this form
are arranged in planes at right angles and upon the latter shaft is a single spur
wheel g. The levers 11, carrying pawls 10, are pivoted to the shaft 9 just in rear of
the spur wheel the pawls being arranged to engage with said wheel when one or
the other lever is operated. Pins on the lever extend into range of the cams on the
shaft 9. The arrangement of the shaft 12 with its pawls 25 is somewhat varied in this
form. Instead of the pawls projecting upwardly and engaging with lugs on those
arms of the levers 21 which bear upon the cams 22, they depend from the shaft 12
and engage with those arms of the levers to which the connection 14 is attached.
In Figures 23 and 24 mechanism is shown by which the movement of the brushes
is determined, this mechanism being employed in cases where the regulating
mechanism is situated at a point away from the dynamo, connection being made
thereto by the cords 14, ratchet wheels, and shaft 13, as previously referred to in
connection with Figures 17 and 18. As shown in said Figures 23 and 24, a case
is attached to the dynamo frame, and supports one end of the shaft 13. In the
face of one of the ratchet wheels a convolute groove is formed to receive a pin on
a pivoted arm. Upon the same pivot pin are pivoted curved arms 22. The
pawls 16 are carred by arms pivoted to the shaft 13 and are operated by the ropes 14, 14,
leading to the regulator. In operation the acting pawl turns its ratchet until the
arm being moved by the convolute groove, bears upon and moves the arm 2 out
beyond the teeth of the ratchet being acted upon, which will prevent the acting pawl
from engaging with the teeth and turning said ratchet.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is :
1. In a dynaino electric machine, an armature composed of insulated sections and
wound with coils forming a circuit, of which coils a pair is placed on each section,
and tho coils of the circuit alternate in direction of winding, substantially as
described.
2. In a dynamo electric machine, au armature composed of insulated sections and
wound with coils forming a circuit, of which coils a pair is placed on each section,
and the coils of the circuite in direction of winding, in combination with another
similar circuit, the coils of which alternate in position with those of the first circuit,
substantially as described.
3. In a dynamo machine a stationary armature made up of core segments, and
insulated rods between the segments, said rods being fixed in the ring standards and
supporting the armature, substantially as described.
4. In a dynamo machine a stationary sectional armature, each section being
insulated froin each other and provided with coils, the said coils being arranged in
independent series, each series comprising alternate coils, substantially as described.
5. In a dynamo electric machine a stationary armature made up of core segments,
each segment consisting of curved pieces of sheet metal with coils wound thereon,
the coils being divided by angular pieces o set into the segments, but insulated from
the metal thereof, the said angular pieces projecting above and below the segments;
substantially as described.
6. In a dynaino electric machine a stationary armature made up of curved core
segments, grooved upon their sides, adapted to insulating supporting rods, in com-
bination with flanged blocks curved to conform to the supporting rods, and adapted
to support the wires of the outer coils.
7. In a dynamo machine a stationary armature composed of curved core segments
grooved upon their sides, adapted to insulating supporting rods, combined with end
Tugs having a curved portion adapted to the rods, and an angular portion in connection
with the sections of the armature core.
8. In a dynamo machine, in combination, an exciting generator having a stationary
field magnet, the said magnet being provided with projecting bearing and holding
lugs on its periphery adapted to corresponding lugs on the frame, whereby said field
magnet held rigidly in place.
9. In combination with the dynamo or current generator, an electro magnet and
an armature carrying an index finger operated by the magnet, and means for
moving the armature in opposition to the power of the magnet, and a shoe carried
on an extension of the index finger, pawls controlled by this shoe, a constantly
operating shaft connected to and acting on the pawls, and a shaft operated by the
pawls and connected with the brushes of the generator, whereby the said generator
is regulated.
10. In combination with the shaft driven constantly by the motor eccentric on said
shaft, and levers carrying pawls adapted to act alternately on ratchet wheels on a
shaft connected with the brushes, and a shoe carried on the extension of the index
finger acting to control the pawls, the ratchet wheels and index finger, and their
supporting connections being also in the combination, whereby the said brushes are
moved to regulate the current.
1.1. In combination with a shaft 8 carrying eccentrics, the levers e, e, and springs
for keeping them in contact with the eccentrics, pawls 10, and the shaft 9 carrying
ratchet wheels, said shaft being connected to and combined with the brushes, arms 11
on the ends of the levers e, and a device carried by and combined with the armature
of the electro magnet for controlling said levers.
12. In combination with the levers e, e, and the shaft for operating the same, pawls
carried upon said levers, a shaft connected to the brushes, mutilated ratchet wheels
on said shaft, and means operated by an electro magnet for controlling levers e, the

page_text: brushes, the electro magnet, and their supports and necessary conections being
also in the combination, whereby the ratchet wheel may be operated by the pawl
to a limited movement extending in either direction to regulate the current.
13. A constantly revolving shaft, a shaft connecting and combined with the brushes,
and mechanism for intermittently applying the force of the constantly revolving shaft
to the brushes, an index plate, and index finger noved by an electro magnet in the
circuit, and a spring and shoe on an extension of the index finger, controlling the
mechanism which moves the brushes.
14. In combination with a dynamo machine working on two or more circuits, a
regulator for each circuit, having a shaft common to each, with gearing combined
with and for driving it constantly, a shaft for moving each of the brush holders and
the common shaft by one of the regulators whereby each line has automatic regulation,
and all the circuits have control of each line.
15. In combination with the regulators for each line, the cams on the shaft 9 of
each regulator, the shaft 12 having arms whereby it is moved by the cams 1, levers 21,
acting with the mechanism to move the brushes, and dogs carried by the shaft acting
to control the levers.
16. The combination with the levers e, e, of the regulator, the dog E adapted to
slide from said levers.
17. In combination with the index finger of the regulator, the arms / having exten-
sions, and mercury cups arranged beneath the extensions adapted to close local alarm
circuits.
D
11
0711 1
1
1000