IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF METALLIC SURFACES, SO AS TO EFFECT THEIR PROTECTION FROM ATMOSPHERIC AND OTHER INFLUENCES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Bower, of Saint Neots, in the County of
Huntingdon, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF
METALLIC SURFACES, SO AS TO EFFECT THEIR PROTECTION FROM ATMOSPHERIC
AND OTHER INFLUENCES.”
>
sealed the 21st August 1877, and dated the 26th May 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Bower at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th May 1877:
GEORGE BOWER, of Saint Neots, in the County of Huntingdon.
" IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE TREATMENT OF METALLIC SURFACES, SO AS TO EFFECT THEIR PROTECTION.
FROM ATMOSPHERIC AND OTHER INFLUENCES."
This Invention relates to the treatment of metallic surfaces so as to render them.
less susceptible to atmospheric and other influences capable of effecting them; and
consists in effecting the formation of a protective film or coating upon the surface,
of metallic objects by the employment of air, or of oxygen, or of an oxidizing agent,
consisting of a mixture of the before-mentioned oxidizing agents at an elevated
temperature.
In carrying out this Invention the objects which it is intended to submit to the
protecting process are either subjected to heat in a retort chamber or other
apparatus which is capable of being heated externally, and also of being wholly or
partially closed; to such retort chamber or apparatus inlet and exit pipes or tubes,
are adapted in order that air or oxygen, or mixtures of the same, may be allowed
to pass over, in, and among the objects contained therein; or instead of causing the
apparatus to be beated externally I employ a heated current of air, or of oxygen,.
or of an oxidizing agent composed of mixtures of the same, heated to such an extent
that the objects contained in the apparatus will become oxidized, and thus coated
with a protective film or covering; or the apparatus containing the objects to be
heated may be heated externally, and the heated oxidizing agents be admitted in
lieu of or in conjunction with oxidizing agents at the ordinary temperature.

page_text: The temperature at which I prefer to carry out my Invention ranges from a dull
to a bright red heat.
The metallic objects upon which it is intended to form a protective coating or
film may be composed either of cast iron, wrought iron, steel, copper, or alloys of the
same, such, for example, as brass.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said George Bower in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 20th November
1877.
GEORGE BOWER, of Saint Neots, in the County of Huntingdon.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE TREATMENT OF METALLIC SURFACES, SO AS TO EFFECT THEIR PROTECTION
FROM ATMOSPHERIC AND OTHER INFLUENCES."
"
My said Invention relates to the treatment of metallic objects and metallic
surfaces, so as to render them less susceptible to atmospheric and other influences
capable of effecting them; and consists in effecting the formation of a protective
film or coating upon the surface of metallic objects or metallic surfaces by subjecting
the articles to be coated; when at an elevated temperature, to the action of air, or of
oxygen, or of a mixture of the before-mentioned oxidizing agents.
In carrying out the said Invention the metallic objects or metallic surfaces, which
it is intended to submit to the protecting process, are either subjected to heat in
a retort chamber or other apparatus which is capable of being heated externally,
and also of being wholly or partially closed, and to such retort chamber or apparatus
a tube or tubes is or are adapted in order that air, or oxygen, or mixtures of the
same may be allowed to pass over, in, and among the objects contained therein at
any desired pressure; or, instead of causing the apparatus to be heated externally
I employ a heated current of air, or of oxygen, or of an oxidizing agent composed of
mixtures of the same, heated to such an extent as that the objects contained in the
apparatus shall become oxidized, and thus become coated with a protective film
or covering; or the apparatus containing the objects to be treated may be heated
externally, and the before-mentioned oxidizing agents be admitted at the ordinary,
temperature of the atmosphere.
The temperature at which I prefer to carry out my Invention ranges from a dull
to a bright red heat, whether the objects be heated by the external application of
heat or by the internal application of the heated oxidizing agent.
The metallic objects upon which it is intended to form a protective coating or
film may be composed either of cast iron, malleable cast iron, or of wrought iron,
or of cast or of wrought steel, or any combination of iron and steel.
The metallic objects or the metallic surfaces are to be submitted to the oxidizing
action of the before-mentioned agents in the manner before mentioned, until a
protective film or covering of the desired thickness shall have been formed upon
the exterior portion or surface of the same, and when such desired film or coating
has been formed and the metallic objects allowed to cool they are ready for useful
application in the arts.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said In-
vention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into effect,

page_text: I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original, and
therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent is, effecting the preservation of objects or surfaces consisting or
composed either of cast or of wrought iron, or of cast or of wrought steel, by
submitting the same to an oxidizing process, in the manner substantially as herein-
before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Bower, have to this my Specification
set my hand and seal, the Sixteenth day of November, One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-seven.
GEORGE BOWER. (L.S.)