IMPROVEMENTS IN HARNESS, AND IN HORSE AND CARRIAGE FURNITURE
Year: 1852

page_text: Sealed the 8th January 1853, and dated the 1st October 1852.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Moses Poole at the
office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his petition, on the
1st October 1852.
I, MOSES POOLE, of Serle Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HARNESS, AND IN HORSE AND CARRIAGE FURNITURE,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention is a communication from America, on behalf of Mr.
Goodyear, the Inventor, and consists of applying in such manufacture
a hard substance, produced from India-rubber and sulphur, with or
without other matters, by subjecting the same to heat.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Moses Poole, in the Great Seal Patent Office, on
the 30th March 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
MOSES POOLE, of Serle Street, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of October in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, in the sixteenth year
of Her reign, did for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Moses Poole, Her special licence that I, the said
Moses Poole, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Moses Poole, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HARNESS, AND IN HORSE
AND CARRIAGE FURNITURE," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Moses Poole, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Moses Poole, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof (that is to say):
This Invention is a communication from America, in behalf of
Mr. Goodyear, the Inventor, and consists of applying in such manufac-
ture a hard substance, produced from India-rubber and sulphur, with or
without other matters, by subjecting the same to heat. And in order
that the Invention may be most fully understood, and readily carried
into practice, I will proceed to describe the means pursued by the
Inventor; and I would first remark, that in the specification of a previous
patent, granted to Mr. Alfred Vincent Newton, in behalf of the said

page_text: Mr. Goodyear, the hard material herein mentioned was described to be
used in combination with articles of metal in making parts of harness
and parts of carriages, such as saddle-trees, terrets, bits, stirrups,
martingale rings, and dasher irons.. Now this Invention consists of
employing this hard material in making various articles where no métal
is used, or where metal is only used as an accessory or furniture to the
article so made, the present Invention being intended as much as may
be to dispense with the use of metal and leather, when making those
parts which have heretofore been of metal, or of metal and leather
combined, and to substitute the substance above-mentioned. For this
purpose, I make saddle-trees, and the exterior parts which have hereto-
fore been made of leather, of the substance or compounded inaterials
above mentioned, moulded or otherwise formed according to the nature
of the article; and where necessary to be lined, the same is done by
sewing through and through the parts, as if they were of leather; 'or
else, in shaping and forming the articles, when made of sheets of the
compounded material alone. I apply strong fabric, and cause it to
adhere to one surface before subjecting the parts of a saddle or harness,
or horse or carriage furniture to heat, in order that the fabric may
become the means of affixing the padding or lining thereto; but for
the parts which are substituted for those made of thick leather, I prefer
to use a fabric made by uniting a number of thin fabrics together, made
with coats of the compounded material between them, And I would
state generally, as to the parts of harness and carriage furniture, that the
substance or compounded material may be made very tough and leather-
like by not carrying the heat beyond 290° to 293° of Fahrenheit, but
where the compounded materials are intended to be substitute for
iron or metal, then the heat is to be raised from 295° to 305° of
Fahrenheit; but if largely composed of foreign matters, the heat may
be raised more quickly; and in making rings, bridle winkers, or harness
ornaments, in substitution of like articles of horse and carriage furniture
heretofore made of metal, I mould the article, and then subject the
same to heat, or else I roughly make up the article to nearly the desired
form, and after having connected the same by heat, I cause them to be
pressed in dies when at a temperature of about 300° of Fahrenheit, by
which a very excellent finish is obtained to the article. In applying
heat to such article, it is desirable that the temperature should be raised

page_text: gradually, say in half an hour, to 230° of Fahrenheit, and retained at
that degree for about an hour and a half, and then raised gradually
(unless there is much foreign matter in the compound, when the heat
may be raised more quickly) to 295° to 305° of Fahrenheit gradually
during the remainder of six hours, except when a more leather-like
product is desired, then the temperature should not exceed, or materially
exceed, about 293° of Fahrenheit. For making the strongest and
hardest articles, it is preferred to use India-rubber and sulphur alone,
but for the parts which have heretofore been made of leather, it is
preferred to use bituminous matters with such compound as is described
in the specification of another patent granted to me in behalf of the said
Mr. Goodyear; and in some cases a frame or parts of the articles may
be made by preparing the frame of the hardest substance, or of iron
covered with sheets of this material, and uniting the other parts thereto
before applying the heat as aforesaid. And in all cases, the relation
between the India-rubber and sulphur in the compound is to be at the
rate of about two parts of India-rubber and one part of sulphur by
weight, such materials being well masticated or kneaded together.
Having thus described the nature of the Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood, that what I claim is
the application, in the manner herein described, of India-rubber combined
with sulphur, with or without other matters, in the manufacture of
harness, and horse and carriage furniture.
In witness whereof, I, the said Moses Poole, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-eight day of March in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
MOSES POOLE. (L.S.)
Witness, B. GOBEY.