IMPROVEMENTS IN TURNSTYLES
Year: 1884

page_text: We, JOHN MOWAT, 4, Union Court, Richmond place, Edinburgh Engineer, and
JAMES ALEXANDER FULTON, 2 Salisbury Square, Edinburgh, Compositor, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TURNSTYLES" to
be as follows :-
-
This Invention relates to improvements in turnstyles for checking and recording
entrances and exits and whilst generally applicable where such apparatus is
employed it is especially servicable and intended to be used on tramway cars
and other public conveyances.
The turnstyle constructed in accordance with the Invention consists of a vertical
shaft or spindle supported in bearings and carrying at its upper end a cam or
equivalent wheel. The arms or divisions of the turnstyle are made triangular in
shape and are placed with the base uppermost, the apex being connected to the
vertical spindle by pins or studs on which the division is free to turn. Two or
more such triangular divisions are or may be used thus dividing the space around
the turnstyle into four or more equal compartments. To enable the vertical spindle
to be placed closer to the wall than would be the case if the arms or divisions
projected from it an equal distance; a stationary inclined ring surrounds the
triangular divisions and as the spindle rotates the sides of the triangles being
in contact with the ring causes the divisions to cant forward.
In cases where it is desired that the turnstyle should lock itself after making a
certain number of revolutions in one direction and so prevent further entrances
until one or more exits have been made this is effected by screwing the lower end
of the vertical spindle the screw working in a nut or its equivalent which locks the
spindle at the required times.
In a bracket or frame above the cam wheel herein before referred to two weighted
bell crank or equivalent levers are carried on a horizontal shaft each of these levers
at its upper end being provided with a marking or indicating finger so connected to
the lever by a pin as to act only in one direction.
Above the bell crank levers a ribbon of paper is carried on a roller or bobbin
from which it is conducted under another roller causing it to impinge on the
indicating fingers the ribbon passing from the said point to another roller or bobbin
on which it is wound the two winding rollers being geared together by an endless
band or equivalent means.

page_text: In conjunction with the indicating fingers but seperate therefrom a perforating
inking, or other stamp is provided the said stamp being at certain times operated
by hand, by clock work, or other means.
The action of the apparatus is as follows, When the vertical spindle is rotated by
turning the triangular divisions the cam wheel so operates one bell crank lever as
to cause its finger to mark an entrance indication on the paper ribbon and at the
same time feed the ribbon forward. When an exit takes place the reverse rotation
of the cam wheel actuates the indicating finger of the other bell crank lever and
makes a mark on the ribbon which is still fed forward. At stated times the
attendant or the clock operates the perforating or inking stamp whereby a mark or
indication is made across the ribbon and by subsequently comparing the entrance
marks between any two such cross marks the amount received for admittance is
indicated whilst in the case of the apparatus being applied to a public conveyance
the difference in the number of entrance and exit marks shows how many passengers
have travelled a further stage and consequently what amount the attendant has to
account for.

page_text: "
We, JOHN MOWAT, 4 Union Court, Richmond Place, Edinburgh, Engineer, and
JAMES ALEXANDER FULTON, 2 Salisbury Square, Edinburgh Compositor do hereby
declare the nature of the said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TURNSTYLES
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:--
This invention relates to improvements in turnstyles for checking and recording
entrances and exits and whilst generally applicable where such apparatus is
employed it is especially intended to be used on Tramway cars and other public
conveyances.
Fig. 1, of the drawings hereunto appended is a front elevation and fig. 2, an
end elevation of the turnstyle constructed in accordance with the said invention.
Fig. 3, is a plan of the indicating or recording part thereof and fig. 4 is a vertical
section of the said part on the line a, b, fig. 3, whilst figs. 5 to 14 inclusive aro
details all excepting figs. 7 and 14 being drawn to a larger scale.
As shown by the drawings the apparatus consists of a vertical shaft or spindle A,
supported at its upper and lower ends and having secured to its upper end a cam
or equivalent wheel B, the shape or configuration of which is more particularly
shown in detail at figs. 5 and 6. The shaft or spindle A, is formed with two eyes
or holes C, C¹, in it, one of which is at right angles to the other. Through these
eyes or holes the arms or divisions D, of the turnstyle pass. These arms are made
triangular in shape, the apex of each triangle being downwards and connected, as
more particularly seen in plan at fig. 7 by pins or studs c, to a footstep E, into
which the lower end of the spindle A, is screwed or otherwise secured. Each
triangular arm or division is capable of turning upon the pins or studs c, as well
as with the shaft or spindle A, and the bases of the triangles passing through the
holes or eyes C, C', constitute segments of a circle with a radius equal to the
distance between the pins or studs c, and the said holes or eyes C, C¹.
A stationary inclined ring F, is situated so as to surround or enclose the lower
parts of the triangular divisions as seen at figs. 1 and 2 and that division which
is for the time being barring the passage as at X, fig. 2, has its front side, that is
the side farthest from the wall in contact with the lower part of the inclined ring.
Thus when the said division and with it the spindle A, is rotated through a quarter
of a circle to permit of the ingress or egress of a person, the said front side is forced
inwards towards the spindle until it occupies the position indicated at Y, fig. 1,
that is to say, the triangular arms when the turnstyle is operated have a compound
motion through arcs both in vertical and horizontal planes. By this arrangement
the vertical shaft or spindle A, is enabled to be placed closer to the wall than
would otherwise be the case if the arms or divisions D, were fixtures to and at all
times projected equally from the spindle.

page_text: Under a modification the position of the triangular divisions D, may be reversed,
that is to say, the apex of each triangular division may be upwards in which case
the socket E is or may be connected to the cam B, the inclined ring F, in that case
being near the upper end of the spindle A, and secured to the wall or otherwise
fastened,
The acting face of the cam B, is enclosed within a casing G, from the sole or
base plate H, of which two brackets or standards I, project upwards. Between
the said brackets a spindled, extends horizontally and on the said spindle two
levers J, J, are carried. Fig. 8, is a side elevation and fig. 9 a plan of one of the
said levers each of which has a weighted end to bring it back into its normal
position, the movement in that direction being stopped by the heel e, coming in
contact with the sole H. To the upper extremity of each lever a marking or
indicating finger f, is loosely connected by a pin, on which the finger is capable of
forward movement. Rearward movement to bring the finger back into normal
position is caused by weighting the tail end of the finger and the extent of such
motion is regulated by a shoulder g, on the finger coming in contact with the upper
end of the lever J. The point of each finger is serrated.
t
The levers J, J', are operated from the cam B, through tappets h, connected to
them by pins i, on which the tappets are free to turn,
Fig. 10 is an end elevation of one of the tappets.
The tappet of the left hand lever J, has the part of it (j) acted on by the
cam B,. at its left side, and the tappet for the right hand lever J', has the like part
at its right side. By this arrangement when the cam B, is rotated in the direction
of the arrow fig. 6, the point j, of the left hand tappet being acted upon and the
tappet itself being prevented from moving rearwards by coming in contact with
and bearing upon the shoulder h¹, of the lever J, the tail end of the said lever is
raised causing a forward movement of the upper end of the lever and of the
indicating finger connected thereto. Whilst this movement is taking place the
part j, of the right hand tappet being acted upon from the reverse side, the said
right hand tappet swings forward in the direction of the arrow fig. 8, under which
circumstance no movement of the lever J, and its indicating finger takes place.
The levers J, J, are thus each operative in one direction only and independently of
each other.
Above the serrated points of the indicating fingers f, a roller k, covered with
india rubber or other elastic material, is carried in brackets L, screwed or otherwise
secured one to the upper surface of each of the standards I. These brackets l, are
as seen more particularly in plan at fig. 11, each made with a projecting piece m, in
which a slot is cut to receive one end of a plate spring n, the other end of which
bears on the under side of the elastic roller /.
In standards or brackets L, also projecting upwards from the sole H, a bobbin K, 4
is supported in journals so as to be capable of free rotation On this bobbin a
length or ribbon of paper is wound the free end of it being passed as indicated
at x, fig. 4, through between the springs n, and the under side of the roller k, and
immediately above the serrated points of the indicating fingers f.
The action of the apparatus so far as described is as follows. When the vertical 4
spindle A, is rotated by turning the triangular arms or divisions D, the cam
wheel B, so operates one of the weighted levers J, J₁, as to cause its finger or
marker f, to be thrown forward and press the ribbon of paper against the elastic
surface of the roller k, in doing which it makes a mark thereon as indicated
at p, fig. 15. The mark is made either to the right or left hand side of the ribbon 5
accordingly as it is an exit or an entrance that is being indicated and in so
marking, the indicating finger f, draws the ribbon forward a distance sufficient to
present a new surface at the next marking operation. The paper ribbon thus
always travels in one direction, and it is at all times kept stented or tight between
the elastic roller and the bobbin K, by the action of the plate springs n, and of a
5

page_text: spiral spring, or its equivalent connected to the journal of the bobbin K, and to
one of the vertical standards L. After being so marked the ribbon passes down' to
and lies loosely, till removed, in the bottom of the casing' G
In conjunction with the fingers f, for indicating or marking individual entrances
and exits, a separate indicating apparatus is or may be provided for recording at
stated or pre-arranged intervals the numbers both of entrances and exits which
have taken place during the said time. This apparatus consists of a shaft or
spindle 8, (seen in detail at figs. 12 and 13) carried in the standards I, at the
opposite side of the elastic roller k, to the fingers f. In a slot made in a projection 8¹,
on 'the spindles, a serrated marker t, is placed and retained in position by a pin t¹,
passing through both the projection 81, and the marker. When an indication is to
be made as at u, fig. 15, the spindle s, is turned in the direction of the arrow fig. 1,
and the paper is gripped and drawn forward by the two serrated parts s³, made on
the holder s¹. The serrations on the marker t, which are parallel to the length of
the roller k, then mark the paper as at u, by the serrated edge of the marker
pressing the ribbon against the elastic surface of the roller k. By subsequently
comparing the entrance marks between any two such cross marks the amount
received for admission is indicated and in the case of the apparatus being used on a
public conveyance the difference in the number of entrance and exit marks shows
how many passengers have travelled a farther stage and consequently what amount
the attendant or conductor has to account for.
Instead of a serrated marker t, being used a perforating or inking stamp may be
substituted.
The spindle 8, is turned by a key passed through the side of the casing and in
conjunction with it an indicating dial or tell tale v, carried on a separate stud is
provided. On the back of the dial a ratchet wheel is made or secured and a
pawl w, fixed on the spindle 8, is geared therewith so that each time the spindle is
turned the dial is moved round one tooth.
Thus when any given point at which a cross mark u, should be made on the
ribbon, is passed, if the marker t, is not operated the dial will continue to indicate
the previous station. To prevent the dial from being turned back a separato
pawl y, is also geared with the ratchet wheel, or other equivalent means may be
provided for that purpose.
In lieu of operating the spindle 8, by hand it may be operated by clockwork or
other means.
In cases where it is desired that the turnstyle should lock itself after making a
certain number of revolutions in one direction and so prevent further entrances
until one or more exits have been made this may be effected as indicated at fig. 14,
by screwing the lower end of the vertical spindle A, the screw working in a nut
and having a collar or ruff at its upper and lower ends to prevent further rotation
when the desired limit has been reached. The number of threads on the screw is
regulated by the number of turns to be made.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is
1. The arrangement and combination of apparatus constituting the improved
indicating turnstyle hereinbefore described and shown on the drawings annexed.
2. In a turnstyle, the combination of a spindle having holes or eyes through it,
with two or more triangular or segmental arms jointed to the spindle at their apex
or narrow ends and with an inclined ring or surface acting on the said segmental or
triangular arms substantially as and for the purpose set forth with reference to the
accompanying drawings,
3. In an indicating turnstyle the combination of apparatus consisting of the
spindle A, cam B, levers J, J¹, marking fingers f, and elastic roller k, whereby
entrance and exit indications are marked on a ribbon which is, by parts of the said

page_text: apparatus, fed always in one direction, substantially as described with reference to
the appended drawings.
4. In an indicating turnstyle the combination of indicating or marking apparatus
consisting of the spindle s, marker t, dial or tell tale v, and pawls w, y, substantially
as described with reference to the sheet of drawings hereunto annexed.
Dated this Twenty-sixth day of August 100%