Improvements in and relating to the Tyres of Vehicle Wheels.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Nov., 1892
Complete Specification Left. 28th Aug.. 1893-Accepted. 30th Sept.. 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION..
:
Improvements in and relating to the Tyres of Vehicle Wheels.
FRANK STANLEY WILLOUGHBY, Merchant, 15 Cross Street, Manchester, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention is an improvement in those vehicle wheels which are tyred with
india-rubber or similar vibration destroying material or composition, whether solid
or inflated with air and its object is to protect the india-rubber from the wear and
tear of the road or rolling way, perforation &c. but in such a sectional or segmental
manner that the local elasticity of the rubber is not destroyed by the armour as is
the case when anything of the nature of a rigid continuous hoop of metal is laid
over the rubber.
My invention is as follows:-
I take for example a wheel tyred with a channel rim known as Carmont's Patent,
No. 703/1883 or a wheel where a channel tyre similar in principle to Carmont's is
employed (by which I mean a channel tyre the sides of which close inwards and so
grip the base of the rubber tyre tightly and keep it in place).
But my invention is applicable to a rubber tyred wheel of any description where
the rubber is secured to the rim by any gripping, wireing, vulcanising, cementing.
or lacing process, such as a "clincher pneumatic or a wired cemented or laced'
pneumatic in contradistinction to those tyres in which the rubber mainly depends
for its adhesion to its rim upon the continuity of the protecting armour encircling
it, such as Challiner's Patent No. 15818/1890 or Willoughby & Horsfield's Patent
No. 4064/1890.
To proceed with a description of my invention as applied to a Carmont tyre, I,
in lieu of forming the rubber intended to fill the channel, with a wide base and
tapering upwards till it forms the more or less rounded surface to run on the road,
as at present constructed, I form the top edge of the rubber, its outer periphery, more
or less like its base, its inner periphery, I then form short lengths of metal some-
what similar in section to an inverted Carmont like channel, which grips the rubber
at its base, and with the aid of somewhat, similar tools to those employed in forcing
the base of the Carmont like rubber into the Carmont like channel I force the
outer periphery of the rubber into the short lengths of metal which thus become
the extreme outer periphery of the wheel tyre and form firmly secured shoes
protecting the rubber from contact with the road. The width of these shoes is
somewhat decided by the width of the original channel or rim they are used in
conjunction with, but their length may vary considerably, they may be shorter than
their width or they may be several times their width, in any case it will be seen
that when I have covered up the whole of the outer periphery of the wheels rubber
with these shoes, I have given it a metallic exterior but of a sectional or segmental
kind so preserving the local elasticity of the rubber beneath it. The ends of the
shoes may be in actual contact with each other or they may be a small space apart,
and I may make them slightly taper at their ends so that their bases or the bases
of their gripping sides may touch each other but their top edges, the treads, be
somewhat apart or they may be so shaped at their ends, particularly at the ends of
their gripping sides, alternately concave and convex that they fit into each other
forming a transverse knuckle joint. If I desire further security against the shoes
being ripped off, other than that derived from their clasp upon the rubber, I may
form the shoes with a recess or one or more holes running through their entire
length, and by means of this recess or hole have them threaded upon one or more
thin steel bands or steel wires or flexible coils or mould or pass rubber through it
and so unite them to each other, but in a flexible manner, and without wearing

page_text: joints and pins. It may be found easier to spring or slide the rubber into the shoes
first and then afterwards to spring the rubber and shoe combination into the
channel rim. Now inasmuch as the object of these shoes is to provide a metallic
wearing surface it will be found advisable to make them of considerable thickness
at the tread which gets the wear and more slender at the gripping sides which
take no wear but merely keep the shoes on.
It is obvious that in lieu of springing the rubber into the shoes the same may be
moulded into them and into their recess or hole by placing the shoes in the mould
in which the rubber is formed and in a plastic state pressing it into the clutches of
the shoes, which in this case may be more pronounced than before, so much so that
a separation of the shoes from the rubber is impossible. In conclusion, the pith of
my invention consists in the use of an inverted somewhat Carmont like, section of
channel rim cut into, or formed in sections, or segments and applied as an armour
to the outer periphery of any rubber tyre, which does not depend upon the
continuity of its metallic armour to keep the rubber in place in its channel or rim.
Dated this 28th day of November 1892.
FRANK STANLEY WILLOUGHBY.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to the Tyres of Vehicle Wheels.
FRANK STANLEY WILLOUGHBY Merchant 15 Cross Street Manchester do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
.
My invention is an improvement in those vehicle wheels which are tyred with
india-rubber or similar vibration destroying material or composition, whether solid
or inflated with air and its object is to protect the india-rubber from the wear and
tear of the road or rolling way, perforation, &c. but in such a sectional or
segmental manner that the local elasticity of the rubber is not destroyed by the
armour as is more or less the case when anything of the nature of a rigid continuous
hoop of metal is laid over the rubber.
:
To apply my invention to a vehicle wheel commonly tyred with solid india-
rubber I proceed as follows:-
I take a wheel tyred with a channel rim known as Carmont's Patent
No. 703/1883 or a wheel where a channel tyre somewhat similar in principle
to Carmont's is employed (by which I mean a channel tyre, the sides of which close
inwards and so grip the base of the rubber tyre tightly and keep it in place). As
shown in Figs. 1, 14, 1B, 1C, 1º, letter R. But my invention is applicable to &
rubber tyred wheel of any description where the rubber is secured to the rim by
any gripping, wireing, vulcanising cementing or lacing process, such
" clincher" pneumatic or a wired cemented or laced pneumatic in contra-
distinction to those tyres in which the rubber mainly depends for its adhesion
to its rim upon the continuity of the protecting armour encircling it, such as
Challiner's Patent No. 15818/1890 or Willoughby & Horsefield's Patent
No. 4064/1890.
as a
To proceed with a description of my invention as applied to a Carmont tyre, I,
in lieu of forming the rubber intended to fill the channel, with a wide base and
tapering upwards till it forms the more or less rounded surface to run on the road,
as at present constructed, I form the top edge of the rubber, its outer periphery,
more or less like its base, its inner periphery as shown in Figs. 1 to 1º. I then
form short lengths of metal somewhat similar in section to an inverted Carmont
like channel, see Figs. 1 to 1 which grips the rubber at its base, and with the aid
of somewhat, similar tools to those employed in forcing the base of the Carmont
like rubber into the Carmont like channel or in any other convenient way I force
the outer periphery of the rubber into the short lengths of metal which thus

page_text: become the extreme outer periphery of the wheel tyre and form firmly secured
shoes which if placed quite close together absolutely protect the rubber from
contact with the road, so in the case of an air inflated tyre forming an effectual
guard against perforation. The width of these shoes is somewhat decided by the
width of the original channel or rim they are used in conjunction with, but their
length may vary considerably, they may be shorter than their width, mere plates
in fact, or they may be several times their width, in any case it will be seen that
when I have covered up the whole of the outer periphery of the wheels rubber with
these shoes, I have given it a metallic exterior but of a sectional or segmental kind
so preserving the local elasticity of the rubber beneath it. The ends of the shoes
may be in actual contact with each other or they may be more or less apart, if
apart it is better to mould the rubber with transverse ribs upon it to fill up the gap
between the shoes so to keep them from creeping towards each other, and I may
make them slightly taper at their ends so that their bases or the bases of their
gripping sides may touch each other but their top edges, the treads, be somewhat
apart or vice versa or they may be so shaped at their ends, particularly at the ends
of their gripping sides, alternately concave and convex that they fit into each other
forming a transverse knuckle joint. If I desire further security against the shoes
being ripped off, other than that derived from their clasp upon the rubber, I may
form the shoes with a recess or one or more holes running through their entire
length, as shown at H Figs. 2, 3, & 4, 8, and by means of this recess or hole have
them threaded upon one or more thin steel bands or steel wires or flexible coils
(which must be taken to mean coils similar to those described in my (and another's)
Patent No. 4064 or wire rope of any description) or I mould or pass rubber
through the recess and so unite them to each other, but in a flexible manner, and
without wearing joints and pins. It may in some cases be found easier to spring or
slide the rubber into the shoes first and then afterwards to spring the rubber and
shoe combination into the channel rim and in the case of an air inflated tyre,
afterwards inflate. Now inasmuch as the object of these shoes is to provide a
metallic wearing surface it will be found advisable to make them of considerable
thickness at the tread which gets the wear and more slender at the gripping sides
which take no wear but merely keep the shoes on, particularly is this the case
where the application is to a road vehicle.
It is obvious that in lieu of springing the rubber into the shoes the same may be
moulded into them and into their recess or hole by placing the shoes in the mould
in which the rubber is formed and in a plastic state pressing it into the clutches of
the shoes, which in this case may be more pronounced than before, as illustrated by
Figs. 5, 5, 6, and 7, so much so that a separation of the shoes from the rubber is
impossible without tearing the latter.
The application of my invention to an air inflated or cushion velocipede or other
tyre is very similar to that just described though the shoes would of course be of
lighter construction and they may for this application be so thin about the tread
as to be flexible transversely, and a convenient way to make them is out of flat steel
or other metal rod or ribbon, with the edges curled round as described and
illustrated in Figs. 6, 7, 9, 10, 104, 10, 10° and 10%, or similar, and tempered in
that form. It is obvious that the thickness at the tread, general design and
curvature of the shoes and the clasping edges of the same may be varied almost
indefinitely without departing from the spirit of my invention, the pith of which as
will be seen consists in the use of short lengths or shoes of metal the edges of
which are turned inwards to form or formed into a curl, clasp or bead to embrace
a portion of the rubber pressed into the clasp whilst being moulded, or specially
shaped to engage the clasp or bead when pressed therein so to form a metallic
armour in short lengths, to a rubber tyre.
In all the drawings S is the short length armour. I is the india-rubber. R is
the rim of the wheel. H is the hole or recess.
In conclusion I wish it to be understood that I make no claim to putting a
continuous hoop of metal round the outer periphery of a rubber tyre or a hoop in

page_text: two or more pieces rivetted together so making it continuous even when the same
is furnished with clasping edges or its equivalent, but,
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
The application to or combination with the rubber tyre of any wheel of short
detached (unless flexibly connected as herein described) metallic shoes or wearing
plates of suitable length and thickness according to their application secured to the
rubber by being clasped thereon by their inturned edges substantially as described
and illustrated.
Dated this 26th day of August 1893.
FRANK STANLEY WILLOUGHBY.