Improvements in the Manufacture of Bricks and in Apparatus therefore.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Sept., 1899
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Bricks and in Apparatus
therefore.
I, ARTHUR LOWE, of Railway Cottage, Cowley Peachey, Uxbridge, in the
County of Middlesex, Engine Driver, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:--
This invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of bricks and in
apparatus therefor, and consists in providing means for attachment to an
ordinary pug-mill whereby common sand-stock bricks can be manufactured in
an economical manner and with a considerable saving of labour.
In carrying my invention into practice, I grind the pug (consisting of ashes,
chalk, and clay) in an ordinary pug-mill and force such pug through an opening
of correct size and shape in the table of such mill.
When sufficient pug has been forced through the said opening in the table,
the moulds working in a circle are dropped by means of a system of weighted
levers, over the said pug.
The stock is then dropped by means of a weighted lever to the correct distance
necessary to form the thickness of the brick, whereupon the filled mould is
caused to travel forward over rollers in order to dispose of the surplus pug in
the mould, which is furthermore "faced" or sliced off by a plate. The mould
is caused to continue its travel on to a pallet board, whereupon it is caused, by
means of a lever, to rise, thereby leaving the moulded brick on the said pallet
board ready to be taken off same and conveyed to the drying ground. After
the mould has deposited the brick in the foregoing manner, it is caused to
continue its circular travel until it arrives above a box containing dry sand into
which such mould is plunged.
Emerging from the sand, the mould is carried forward to the necessary
position for receiving the next brick to be moulded.
The before mentioned pallet boards are located in a box at the side of the
machine, and such board is drawn from the bottom of the box, one at a time, by
means of arms, carried by a vertical shaft driven from the pug-mill.
I preferably provide four moulds to each machine which, are adapted to
mould one brick at a time.
+
2000
HUGHES & YOUNG,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Agents for Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Bricks and in Apparatus
therefore.
I, ARTHUR LOWE, of Railway Cottage, Cowley Peachey, Uxbridge, in the
County of Middlesex, Engine Driver, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of bricks and in
apparatus therefor, and consists in providing means for attachment to a pug
mill, and to be worked in conjunction therewith, whereby common sand stock
bricks can be manufactured in an economical manner with a considerable saving
of labor.
In carrying my invention into effect. I grind the pug (consisting of ashes,
chalk, and clay) in an ordinary pug mill from which it is forced upwards on to
a moulding table provided through a suitably sized and shaped opening in such
table.
Each of the moulds of which there may be any convenient number and which
work in a circle, is dropped by means of a weighted lever actuated automatically
over the opening in the moulding table, when in its travel it reaches that point.
It there collects and receives the plug which has been forced through the mill
and carries it onward (passing over rollers in order to dispose of any surplus pug
which may be contained in the mould). In the meantime the "stock," working
within the mould, is dropped also by means of an automatically actuated weighted
lever, the distance necessary to form the required thickness of the brick. The
brick is then conveyed by the mould in its circular travel faced off by a plate
and deposited upon a pallet board contained in a box provided at the side of
the machine from whence the bricks so deposited may be conveyed in convenient
quantities to the drying ground. To leave the brick upon the pallet board as
aforesaid the mould is raised by means of a lever provided, and caused to con-
tinue its circular travel until it arrives above a box containing dry sand into
which said mould is plunged. Previously to this the "stock" has been passed
right through the mould and has, also by means of the lever provided, been
drawn up again into position for once more striking. Upon emerging from
the sand the mould is carried onward to the necessary position for receiving the
next brick to be moulded. The before mentioned pallet boards carrying the
bricks as deposited from the moulds are drawn from the bottom of the box,
one at a time, by means of arms carried by a vertical shaft driven from the pug
mill.
As aforesaid there may be any convenient number of moulds to each machine,
but I preferably provide four each adapted to mould one brick at a time.
And in order that this my invention may be fully understood I will now
describe same with reference to the accompanying drawings and letters and
figures of reference marked thereon, that is to say:-
Fig. 1 is a side elevational view of the apparatus constructed and arranged in
accordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is a plan of same; and Figs. 3, 4 and 5
are respectively, to an enlarged scale, sectional side and end elevational, and
plan, views of one of the moulds employed, the "stock"
lowest position in Figs. 3 and 4 aforesaid. Figs. 6, 7 and 8 are respectively side 4
being shewn in its
elevational view, partly in section end elevation, and plan of the pallet board
box and board carrying mechanism; Fig. 9 is a plan view of the moulding
table: Fig. 10 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of the spindle carrying the
mould and stock actuating mechanism, and Fig. 11 is a view explanatory of a
detail of the invention. Similar letters of reference indicate like parts in each

page_text: of the figures wherever occurring. a is the pug mill of any ordinary type into
which the pug is fed at a¹. It emerges, after treatment, at a³, and is forced
through an opening b¹ in the moulding table b, from whence it is taken in given
quantities by the travelling moulds and treated as hereinafter particularly
described.. cc cc are the moulds, shewn separately in Figs. 3, 4 and 5, formed
of a shape and size corresponding with the dimensions and configuration of the
brick required. These moulds c have a vertical rising and falling motion
between the guides which latter are carried upon the revolving supporting
arms e mounted upon the vertical shaft or spindle f (with which it rotates) which
latter is caused to revolve at a desired speed by means of a driving belt passing
around the pulley 9 or by toothed or other gearing as may be convenient. The
moulds c are in effect oblong boxes, open top and bottom, of cast iron or other
suitable material, and have upon the upper edges of two of their opposite sides
upwardly projecting arms h¹ one of which say h is bent over at an angle and
flanged so that it may be bolted to the other h¹ by the bolt h³. Pivotted upon
the bolt and situated between the meeting faces of the
is the lever i fixed at its other end upon
the pin or spindle k.
The spindle is mounted in bearings formed at upper ends of the
guides daforesaid. The inner end of the said spindle k projects
through the bearing in the guide d and has fixed upon its said projecting
and a weighted lever the upper end of which carries the weight the lower
branch of the lever being free. The spindle for a portion of its length is of
a smaller diameter than at the part where the lever i is fixed to it, and upon
such smaller part carries a loose sleeve ¹ to which between the upwardly pro-
jecting arms h h is fixed the lever m pivotted at one end to the pitman n which
latter is pivottally connected at its other end to the rod o' of the stock or plunger o.
The spindle k and its connections are separately illustrated in longitudinal
sectional elevation in Fig. 10 to an enlarged scale.
arms hh¹
Upon the sleevek beyond the inner guide d is fixed the weighted lever /
having weight at its upper end. The vertical shaft or spindle f is for a part
of its length encased in the tube g which remains in a fixed position whilst the
spindle is allowed to revolve carrying with it the moulds c of which in the
accompanying drawings there are four illustrated. Bolted or otherwise affixed
to the upper end of the tube q are the arms r which act upon the upper ends of
the levers and depress the moulds, and the arms s which operate upon the
upper ends of the levers p and depress the "stocks" whilst to the lower end of
the tube are bolted or otherwise affixed the arms t which operate upon the
lower ends of the levers and cause the moulds to rise, and the arms which
operate upon the lower ends of the levers p and raise the "stocks." To limit
the fall of the weighted levers p and I, I make use of the check arms 1, 1,
adjustably mounted at one end upon pins 1ª fixed upon each inner guide and
at the other end having a pin 2 working in a slot 3 in the horizontally arranged
bar 4, and capable of adjustment in such slotted bar by means of set screws or
otherwise. (See particularly Fig. 1.) The pin 2 projects, inwardly sufficiently
far for the weighted lever to fall against same and hold said lever in position.
The pallet boards are contained in a box fixed in any convenient position from
which they are separately drawn by the carriers which consists of a disc
mounted upon a central dependent spindle 2 in a socket 3, at end of the arm w
rotating with the vertical shaft .. In rear of the carrier and arranged so as to
be slightly higher than the disc aforesaid is a roller y which draws the pallet
board from the box and causes same to take position upon the disc ¹ which
carries it to the requisite position near the moulding table b to receive the
shaped brick from the mould c, from whence the brick is removed and con-
veved to the drying ground.
The pug
mill shaft is revolved by bands or otherwise from the engine or
other motor and carries a pulley or wheel around which and the pulley g
upon shaft a belt is passed and said shaft f is revolved. By a belt passing

page_text: over pulley upon shaft f and pulley upon shaft of the carrier apparatus
the latter is caused to revolve. Suitable clutches are provided for throwing
either or all out of, or in, gear at will. The operation is as follows:-The pug
mill is set in operation & by the pullies & belting as shewn or equivalent gearing
the moulds and pallet board carriers are caused to revolve. The pug operated
upon is ejected from the mill upwardly through the aperture 61 in the table b.
The moulds c travelling in a circular track arrive one after the other over the
aperture aforesaid. Just as the mould c arrives over the aperture 6¹ the upper
end of its lever strikes against the fixed arm and is thrown over so as to
cause a partial revolution of the spindle k by which means and the consequent
downward movement of the connecting link and arms h h the mould is
depressed and covers the pug forced up through the aperture 6 carrying such
pug with it in its travel over the moulding table, the lever has by then made
contact with the fixed arms and in consequence has been thrown over causing a
partial revolution of the sleeve which by means of the connecting links and
rods depresses the "stock or plunger and so presses the brick into shape. The
brick still carried in the mould is passed from the table on to the carrier which
comes into position at the right moment to receive it The "stock" actuating
lever ? at its lower end then comes into contact with the lower fixed arm and
so reverses the partial revolution aforesaid of the sleeve and raises the "stock."
The mould lever then comes in contact at its lower end with the fixed arm t
thereby reversing the partial revolution of the spindle and the mould is in
consequence raised to its normal position ready again to receive the pug for
making another brick. In its travel after delivering the brick upon the carrier
the mould may be passed through a box of loose sand before commencing opera-
tions at the moulding table again. For this purpose a shallow box of sand may
he placed upon the opposite side of the apparatus to the moulding table so that
as the mould upon that side descends it may enter same. The moulds with
the mechanism arranged as above described work in couples, one couple being
in the raised position whilst the other couple is in the lowered position.
"
CLAIMS.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. In apparatus for the manufacture of bricks the combination of pug mill
moulding table, rising and falling moulds and stocks travelling in a circle, and
pallet board carriers also travelling in a circle, all arranged and constructed
substantially as described and shewn for the purposes specified.
2. In apparatus for the manufacture of bricks the moulds e capable of a rising
and falling motion between the guides and formed with upwardly projecting
arms h¹ bolted together by bolt 2, in combination with the lever i pivotted at
one end to the bolt 2 fixed at other end upon the spindle carried in bearings
formed in the guides d, the revolving carrying arms e, and the revolving vertical
shaft f the weighted levers fixed to the spindle k, the device, 1, 2, 3, 4 for
checking the fall of the weighted lever, and the fixed horizontally arranged
arms carried upon the stationary tube q surrounding the revolving shaft f;
all substantially as shewn and described and for the purposes specified.
3. In apparatus for the manufacture of bricks the stocks having a rising
and falling motion through the mould c, in combination with the rod o', pit-
mann, lever m pivotted at one end to the pitman, and carried at other end
upon the loose sleeve surrounding the spindle k; the weighted levers p p¹
fixed to the sleeves, the weighted lever fall checking device and the fixed
horizontally arranged arms s carried upon the stationary tube 7 surrounding the
revolving shaft f; substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth.
4. In apparatus for the manufacture of bricks the pallet board carriers con-
sisting of the discs mounted upon the dependent spindle 12 carried in the

page_text: sockets at end of the arms w, which arms we are fixed to, and rotate with,
the vertical shaft a, and the rollers y in rear of, and arranged at a slightly higher
level than the discs aforesaid; all constructed and operating substantially as
herein before described for the purpose of drawing the pallet boards one by one
from the containing box and placing them in turn in proper position near the
moulding table to receive the shaped brick from the mould.
0411
1
T
1000
HUGHES & YOUNG,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Agents