Improvements in and relating to Windows.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Nov., 1895
Complete Specification Left. 15th Aug., 1896-Accepted, 31st Oct., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Windows.
1 JOHN HENRY NUTTALL of No. 33 North John Street Liverpool Architect
and Civil Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows: -
Improvements in and relating to windows, as to which there follows a more
particular description (for the reference numbers & letters in which the accoin-
panying 3 sheets of drawings to be referred to).
A is the interior view of a sash window on Sheet No. 1.
A a circular metal pin with or without pivot is fixed with screws on the frames
of sash windows at each side.
B in the plan of a sash window.on Sheet No. 1.
B a curved metal plate is fixed by screws on sliding sash for the purpose
of engaging or pivotting on A' and forming a socket.or rest thereto.
The lower sash is raised 1 or 1 inches and thereupon can be at once pulled in
by the ordinary "lifts" on bottom rail into the inside.
Ca screw by means of which the adjoining sash beads C' (which also are pivotted
on A¹) engage with sash and accompany it as it swings in.
Da rule jointed and pivotted metal bar ou each side of sash which falls at same
time into service as a bracket and automatically supports the inswinging sash &c.
at any desired position, the spring or falling catches thereof engaging with jamb
and sash when having a slow movement but passing over same with a quick
movement..
E a spring near the bottom of the pivotted sash boad secures the latter to
the sill when the window is closed.
As an alternative the slight raising of the sash or the holding out of the finger
lifts thereof lifts a bolt or latch and so loosens sash bead.
With the exception of the seizing of the usual lifts" and pulling in, sash
thereby A B C C'DE are automatic.
Similarly with the top sash except that this is lowered to its position.
F the pin thereof is self pivotted eccentrically or otherwise. Adjoining it, top
bar of top sash is shown on the drawing M lowered into position to swing in.
The central bead between the sashes is similarly pivotted on F.
F is the bead and hinge of an inswinging sheet below sash. Section of same
being at M.
Gare projecting metal bosses which on the descending of the top sash engage
the same: they are set diagonal and nearly vertical and seize corresponding devices
on the bead and draw it out, and push it tightly back again to its place wlien
the sash again slides upwards. This device also locks and loosens by means
of removeable key part of pulley stile for access without damage to paint &c.
An alternative arrangement is the omission of the lower part of the bead leaving
only the two bosses H and H to pass (H) the upper one of which there is a groove
in the sash.. H and H are hinged or have springs for access to weights &c.
Or the devices A and F shown on drawings near centre of window may be fixed
near the bottom at AA and FF the inner sash bead and the bead between sashes
being similarly pivotted and fixed as before. In this case the bracket bar D inay
be dispensed with or otherwise and the pulley cords, would be automatically
detached and supported in position by a spring device and small detached slip of

page_text: actual sash about 6" x 2" x 1" or metal plate engaging by means of springs with
the sash beads or by an additional pulley affixed sideways on the pulley stile
and so changing the direction of the cord which thereupon supports the inswinging
Bashes.
I un eccentrically pivotted and hooked spring, ring (attached or hinged to
or separate from A¹) the quarter turn of the handle of which engages with and
pushes a small spring bolt.
J is the spring bolt in meeting bar of bottom sash which engages to the top sash
and pushes the two sashes tight against each other and external bead: thus
preventing rattle and draught: and at same time acting as window fasteners with
removeable key in any position of either sash.
J also will attach itself to and engage with automatically a slot in any portion of
stiles of top sash and so top sash can be moved by means of lower sash to same
effect as M N bereafter.
'K are springs or india rubber or wood bevils hereby with or without the
concurrent operation of I and J &c. rattling-and draught are prevented the sashes
being pushed close against beads of sash frame.
'L an eccentric device (one only for the two sashes) revolving eccentrically on a
bar which itself also revolves eccentrically. The sashes being opened or closed or
in any position the wheel (double) of-the device is thrust against and engages with
the sashies by a slight revolution of the bar (with key removeable or otherwise).
Any attempt at movement of the sashes thereupon sets in motion the eccentric
'device with spring revolving 'on' the bar and wedges more and more tightly
the sashes. The latter are immoveably secured in such position and the device
thus forms also a window fastener and prevents draught and rattle. Cogs may be
affixed to the sashes if desired.
M is the section of a sash window showing at M' the inswinging 'bottom sash
swung up. Its beads hinged on A¹ or AA are shown at M.
M is the sash rope.
"M is the section of an opening casement above a sash window: the hinged
bead accompanying same being, M and the pull cord or chain M and the top
Bakh-M7.
M is the section of an inswinging sheet below bottom'sash.
"Mis a fillet för samé to fall upon and Mo the bead binged with and falling with
.sheet.
*M" shows the section of a sash window with the bottom bar of the bottom sash
raised about.1 inches into position for swinging in.
M is the section of a casement hinged at the side and opening, inwards and
Mthe same opening outwards.
Mis the section of a casement with two cross non-flexible chains. "M" being
the casement swung open: and: M the chains; and Mthe hinged bead swinging
in with the sheet:
i
M is the section of a casement with a vertical pyramidal roller V. 1M is the
casement swung open. *M20 the hinged bead swinging therewith and M" the
rubber, felt; or other guard.
:
M an elongated screw fastener with lock & loose key at meeting bars of
sashes which (in addition to screwing the bars together and so preventing draught
aud rattle) in 1st position shows that windows are loose in 2nduis capable of
engaging by means of its sliding bolt with the top sneh at the device on top rail
'thereof.
N is this device and with it M lifts top sash. In the 3rd position N! similarly: M
both lifts and lowers the same by the sliding bolt passing within the hinged arms
of N. In the 2nd N2 or 3rd' N position also M secures the sashes when windows
are closed or when closed within half an inch it will bring them together. There
may be attached to front of same a half wheel 'shown in dotted lines on the
'drawing M by which the fastener can be used from below.. Where there is a
central vertical bar to sash N may be thereon.
i

page_text: O an automatic coiled spring capable of being strengthened or weakened' and
with falling or otherwise self acting brake thereto; with or without roller. The..
brake is such as will act as a brake with a slow but not with a quick movement:
in the slow movement if a cord &c. were alternatively used»it (would be held
outwards and in the quick movement inwards..
P similar to above but below the sashes: the coiled springs raising or lowering
the sashes by binged or pivotted or flexible bars cogged or bossed and actuated: by
and engaging with the cogged wheels of the roller:
Qforms a side spring device. When it is pulled by its contral ring the same is
released from engaging with the two pulley-stiles (cogged or otherwise) andı.
thereupon the sashes are automatically raised by hinged chains by and passing
round or are pulled down & vice versa.
Rare the cogged wheels R for bottom sash & R' for top sash described under P
attached to or containing the springs or spring roller (the rollers &c. revolving
concentrically one within tho other) moved by handles R for bottom sash &i
R for top sash having a ratchet movement and reversiblo:"
The weights boxed frames &c. may bé-retained or dispensed within OP QR
There may be cushions of india rubber or other material or spiral springs to avoid"
concussion.
The cords chains or bars of O P Q R are attached to sashes only at one point of
the latter and by a pivot so as to allow the sashes to swing inwards for cleaning &c.
as named at ABC C DE FA A. &FF and with the appliances therein
named!
:
The devices O P Q R form also fasteners-at any position of the sashes, locking,
and with removeable handles: and prevent rattling and draught:
8 somewhat similar to 0: an automatic coiled spring with self acting
brake with or without roller and cogged and for the purpose of lowering raising.
and securing window opening sheets hinged or pivotted at top or bottom or sides':
TIn the one alternative case by the additional device T with fixed and sliding.
bars with pulleys engaged thereto and cogged chain &c.: affixed vertically at the
sides or horizontally at the top or bottom:
U And in the other alternative case by the double and contrary moving spring.
cases or rollers U (somewhat similar to S) fixed at some distance from each other
above or at the side of the casement, the chains revolving around which, when. the
sheets are swung open; cross each other and are such as jointly cannot, bend the
upper being able to bend only downwards and the lower to bend only upwardan
and one thus counteracting the bend of the other against wind pressure &c.
Also applicable to secure the tops of casements hinged at sides in assistance to
the bottom quadrants.
V somewhat similar to and having the same objects as S with vertical roller of
the form of a pyramid, or reversed: and further having attached thereto and to
the.opening casement a sheet of thin india rubber, non porous felt, or other material
coiling round the roller, hung eccentrically or otherwise, and thus forming a side
guard against draught to the swinging casement. To this the non flexible chains
described at U or thick india rubber band at top of side guard running in groove
having same object.
Pull cords or chains may be used or not to the spring rollers, and chains instead
of simply passing over rollers may in addition pass entirely round same.
S, T, U, V, form fasteners non accessible if desired, and draught and rattling
are prevented thereby..
W a spirally, revolving (and so rising and falling) hinge adjustable by slido or
screw motion, and in addition to the ordinary hinges near the foot of a side hinged
casement whereby as the casement closes vertical pressure is exercised down upon.
a sliding wood or metal band immediately below same (with india rabber or other
material lining, and extending on the inside the whole width of the casement) and
BO-causes the same to engage closely against the sill or Hoor and thus preventa
draught &c. and as the casement opens reversing the process up. The other end

page_text: of the said band is hinged downwards or is pressed downwards automatically by a
bevilled projecting boss on the frame or by a spring.
The same is applicable also to the outside flap Y hereafter named by the reverse
movement of the spiral hinge up and down acting upon a pivotted bar passing
through the sash or casement.
X a concealed fastener to casements &c. (for lunatic asylums). Is pressed close
against casement and the sharp pins at the bottom into sill or floor &c. A wedge
shaped piece sliding or moving eccentrically on same passes underneath casement
and is secured in position antomatically or by thumb turn. Pressure from the
other side forces the pins more securely down and tightens the wedge, thus
preventing the opening of the casement.
Y an automatic flap in wood or metal with overlap or hinged joints for the
prevention of the access of weather or draught at various points or the rattling of
the sheets &c.
The flap may be a spring or otherwise. The closing of the sheet automatically
presses the same (or releases spring to press the same) hard against the fixed
wood or against a pivot or pin therein, or alternatively puts into operation a spirally
revolving pivot (eccentric or otherwise) somewhat as in W: and the opening
antomatically reverses the process.
Z is the plan of a casement hinged at side and opening out. Z Z do. opening in.
Z is a hinge eccentric, double eccentric, or otherwise for the opening both in
and out of sheets hinged at the sides: a metal band or wood mold attached to the
sheet on one or both sides and covering the joint, curving round, when sheet is
opened out, iuto a groove of fixed frame by means of the eccentric centreing.
Z a similar device to Z the flap covering both sides and being actuated by
hinge as before and double hinged device to frame.
28 a bolt is shot in the lock stile of the casement opening in & out and at the
same time fastens the casement and forces hinged flaps over the joints on each side
of casement and into grooves of latter. The shooting back of the lock or bolt
pulls back (or releases a spring which allows to fall back), the binged flaps clear of
the opening of the sheet and allows the sheet to open either way.
ImZ Z Z the opening of the sheet, automatically moves aside the flaps, and in
the reverse process tightly closes them.
In the various opening casements throughout the beads, where occurring, swing
in after manner described at A'B'CC'DE F.
It is to be noted that in the various devices herein before described, or shown.on
the drawings corresponding or equivalent devices or suitable contrivances would
be adopted to obtain corresponding or equivalent effects.
Dated this Fourteenth day of November 1895.
Improvements in and relating to Windows.
I, JOHN HENRY NUTTALL, of No. 33 North John Street, Liverpool, Architect
and Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed; to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :—
Improvements in and relating to windows: as to which is added a more
particular description as follows: accompanied by five sheets of drawings
(drawings show the windows to be of wood. Invention is, equally applicable to
metal windows).

page_text: DRAWING A.
A & A are sections, and As plan. This shows method by which an ordinary
sliding sash window (either old or new) swings inwards, so that outside can be
cleaned as readily as inside, from within: and for other purposes.
The two sashes, when slid down, automatically attach themselves, by sockets as
at (1) screwed on sashes, to pins as at (2) screwed on "inner" & "parting" beads
of sash frames respectively, or vice versa.
These beads are hinged, alternatively near top, as at (3), of attached sash when
lowered, or near bottom as at (4), or at any other point desired: thus enabling
beads & sash so attached thereto to swing in together, alternatively upwards, or.
downwards, or otherwise. In the " upper" hanging the bottom sash is slid up au
inch, as at (5), so as to escape bottom bead of sash frame when swinging in, without
necessity of moving the latter.
Bottom sash (slid down) & top sash (slid down) swing in, either separately or
together. I latter be desired, the "iuner "&" parting"-sash frame beads are
united by metal or wood bands, (with springs) as at (6): in such case only "inner"
bend requiring to be hinged: & no sockets needed.
In returning sashes to their places, ready for sliding in usual manner, a spring
near top or bottom respectively of hinged beads as dotted at (7), secures sash
frame beads again, in either "lower," or "upper," or other hanging.
In " "lower hanging, sash cords are (whilst sash swings in) temporarily
retained in their places supporting the weights, by a small detached ""piece" of.
the sash, as etched at (8), or by a metal disc corresponding therewith.
This (from which cord is removeable for renewing) automatically fastens itself
to sash frame, each time either of sashes is slid down (& so prepared for inswinging),
by means of a spring or springs similar to those at (7) engaging with sash frame.
or its bends or, otherwise, inswinging of sashes presses said cord "piece" into
a slot of sash frame, or its beads, and so temporarily holds it in absence of
sash or more simply an additional pulley (9) is affixed sideways on pulley stile,
so that cord follows sash as it swings, thus forming also a support for inswinging
sash.
Last named spring further prevents rattling of sashes.
Device of hinging beads. (which in all cases overlap both sash & frame) and
attaching sheets or sashes thereto, is applied also to "fixed" sheets of hospitals &c.:.
thus enabling these also to be readily accessible for cleaning.
OPENING &C. OF TOP SLIDING SASH WITHOUT CLIMBING &C.
DRAWING. B.
A pivotted band (10) is affixed on each side of bottom sash: Bolt thereto
slides, and at one or two alternative points projects metal boss beyond outer side of
sash. Upon raising bottom sash, this boss engages with, & attaches itself to, a
spring or fall lever socket shown in section of sash at (11), & at (12) in interior
view of top sash, near its bottom rail: & thereby top sash is moved by corre
sponding movement of bottom sash. This attachment continues until bolt inside
is alid away again. Top sash cannot pass this boss when projected, & cousequently
an easily accessible window fastener results, impossible to move from outside,
capable also of being looked, & operating equally well if either sash left slightly
open.
[
Where this fastener is adopted in new windows, top sash is not hung at all. An
automatic spring, as at (13) in section of sash, and as at (14) in interior elevation,
is fixed at top, or bottom, or any other point of top sash, and closes into curved

page_text: "bead
slots in pulley stile as at (14) and so holds the top sash in its place when not
attached to bottom sash. Slots also are cut in "parting" bead and "outer
similarly to that shown at (14); and these also form stops to top sash!
These springs obviate draught & rattles: & prevent the ordinary slight dropping
of sashes, which often prevents operation of usual fastener. If a little manual
force is exercised the sashes will slide past them.
-
A slight additional turn or push of (10), and the two sashes are firmly.wedged
together at meeting rails to beads & to further do away, with draught & rattle,
sashes at extreme top & bottom of sash frame are a slightly tight fit, or have
bevilled pieces asat (15).
Sashes can be removed & recorded, & access gained. to weights &c. without
disturbance to woodwork, or paint.
DRAWING C.
To assist hinges (3) & (4) Drawing A of beads when swinging in for cleaning &c.,
a separate metal pin, as at (16), with or without a pivot, is screwed to sash frame
(alternatively near top or bottom of each sash when slid down, or elsewhere) and a
corresponding curved plate or socket,; as at (17), is screwed to sash; thus.forming
a secondary hinge, concentric or eccentric with ordinary hinge of the "inner"
"parting sash bead... These (16) & (17) as well as (1) & (2) Drawing A may be
spring sockets & set slightly diagonal so as more easily to loosen & secure beads :
& similarly hinges of beads."
"
"
ΟΙ
The devices (16) & (17) are not used in top sash, when arrangement is
adopted of joining. "inner" & "parting." sash..beads. as described at (6)
Drawing A. Spring ito, secure beads is shown in section, &, elevation of sill in
dotted lines. .
"
In "lower" lianging, sashes, when swung in, rest on sill. In. upper,"
inswinging, sash is supported by (18), a rule jointed & pivotted metal bar, on
each side of. sash, which inswinging, sash pushes outward, &.so forms into a
bracket supporting sash automatically, the spring or falling catches. thereof, &, the
small wheel or pulley at each end, engaging with jamb & sash, when baving slow
movement, but passing over same with quick movement...
At (19) is shown sash ("upper" bauging) swung up, &sash cord (20) diverted
round metal pin (16). 1.
As alternative or additional to spring as at (7) Drawing A, when near, bottom
("upper" hanging), which secures beads for sliding sash, the "finger lifts" of
sashes lift or draw a small bolt.or latch having a similar
purpose..
A similar alternative in lower" banging is "fastener" or "attacher " near top,
somewhat similar to (10) Drawing B. This fastens sash frame beads to frame, a
bolt sliding up & down in, bead, and a boss therefrom projecting into slot in frame.
At one point an opening is made from slot, to allow boss to pass through, when
sash is required. to inswing.. It also forms handle to pull down inswinging sash
after loosening and alternatively, at the same time, secures & wedges sash cord
"piece
or metal disc.(8), Drawing, A, by thrusting against it a separate boss
contained in, fixed..bead of. frame somewhat as that at (10), Drawing B, and so
engaging, eash cord "piece" or disc to sinkings or sockets in sash frame or its
beads. A reverse movement of the "attacher" pushes outwards a boss or bosses
through to outside of bottom sash, and so "attaches "top sash,. & forms also a
fastener, and prevents rattle &c., as at (10) Drawing B.'
These processes are reversed respectively, when inswinging sash returns to
position. of sliding.
Alternatively the modification of (10) is a handle with bolt eccentrically hung

page_text: through bottom sash and projecting into line of top sush & with boss or latch to
secure hinged bends..
When it is required that top sash only should inswing, or should vinswing
separately from bottom sash, projecting metal bosses (21) are adopted. The pins
of these (somewhat as at (2) Drawing A) being attached to top sash diagonally &
nearly vertical thereon, seize, as the sash is slid down, corresponding devices
formed into sockets (somewhat as at (1) Drawing A)on" parting bead, which is
attached to sash frame by a pivotted parallel hinge, (somewhat as (48) Drawing F)
and draw out the bead. The bead being pivotted & hinged &cas before, it and
sash attached to it swing in. Reverse movement pushes bead tightly back, when
sash again returns into position to elide.
These devices (21) also lock & loosen by means of removeable key, part of 'the
pulley stiles, without damage to paint, &c.
A device (22) is used in hospitals-one for the two Bashes viz. a quadrant in
2 halves side by side revolving loosely on a bar fixed in sockets in or near-parting
bead to prevent the opening of a window, or the opening further of an already
opened window. It revolves doosely & eccentrically on the har, which itself
revolves eccentrically in a-socket, and which socket is screwed to pulley stile or
frame: & has a handle through to inside of room.
The double & cogged wheel is pressed against sashes by a slight revolution of
the handle of bar which by its own eccentric socketted action pushes quadrant
horizontally agaiust sashes to which thereupon the pointed cogs of quadrant slightly
engage.
'
Any attempt at movement of one or both sashes thereupon sets in motion one or
both halves of the quadrant eccentrically revolving on the bar, which is not the
true centre to the circumference of the quadrant, and so by the increasing pressure
of the outer ends of the circumference as they approach sashes wedges more &
more immoveably the sashes. A spring pulls back the quadrant to its normal or
horizontal position, when it is released by a reverse turn of handle of bar. It
thus forms, at any position of sashes, a fastener having a removeable key so that
by its use the sashes once fixed cannot be moved either from inside or outside.
DRAWING D.
An interior view & a section is shown: and also a plan.
In this device, applied to ordinary sash windows, boxed frames are replaced by
Bolid frames, & are without weights or pulloys. A spring roller or rollers (23), or
alternatively a coiled case spring or springs (24), is screwed to top frame. The
spring is sufficiently strong to lift one or both sashes, by means of cords or chains,
and can be strengthened or weakened. The brake thereof is a falling, or otherwise
self acting brake: & is such as will operate only with a slow movement. It passes.
smoothly over the slot, tooth, or catch, when having quick movement without.
acting as a stop. In the slow movement, if a cord, &c., is alternatively used
for raising or lowering windows, it is held outwards, and in quick movement.
inwards.
Instead of two spring rollers, or two case springs, &c., for the two sashes, one is.
sufficient for both, if "attacher" (10) Drawing B is used. By this latter, as
already named, the two sashes are operated together: it also forms fastener; &c., as
before.
Alternatively, where two rollers are adopted, they are one within the other as.
at (27).
In windows excessively heavy or difficult of access, alternative device (25) is
adopted somewhat similar to the above, but below sashes. The coiled- case
springs (26) or the spring rollers (27) raise or lower sashes by solid bars, or by
hinged, or pivotted, or otherwise one-way flexible bars (28), cogged or bossed &

page_text: .
.
!
actuated by, & engaging alternatively with, cogged spring wheels or cases (26), or
spring rollers (27). In this case also, if "attacher" (10) Drawing B, to secure
the two sashes together, is used, one roller or spring &c., and one handle (29) only
are needed.
No window fastener needed: sashes, even if partly open, cannot be moved from
outside, or from inside when loose handle (29) is removed.
Where two rollers, two handles, &c., are adopted, one roller is a hollow tube,
and other a smaller tube, or solid rod inside it, as at (27).
Handle (29) has a ratchet movement: is reversible & removeable: it acts also
as a brake to the springs.
The cords, chains, or bars of the above methods, shown on Drawing D, are
attached to sashes only at one point, & by a pivot, so as to allow sashes to swing
inwards for cleaning &c. as before named, to ordinary sliding sashes.
By mechanical & even movements of bars in moving sashes, latter can be made
more than usually tight fitting.
Pulleys, or wheels,, &c., above or below sash upon which chains or bars revolve
or engage, may graduate in diameter, so as to equalize power of spring and in
windows easily accessible, power of spring may be regulated to balance weight of
sash, without brakes, cords, or chains, &c.
Or, otherwise, the two sashes are joined by an endless chain as at (30) revolving
over a single pulley in the ordinary "pulley stile" near top, & a single do. near
bottom, respectively: weight of one thus balancing that of other, & one sash being
unable to open without the other. To this, methods of inswinging are applied
precisely as already named.
Alternatively to meeting stiles are attached springs as at (13) & (14), Drawing B,
& sufficient to support sash and in the bottom sash on each side a slide device
somewhat as (10), Drawing B, for the purpose of allowing one sash to move
without the other. When this device is slid upwards, a boss is projected which
attaches itself, & the sash with it, to the revolving chain. Slid back again the
boss & the sash are wholly detached from chain. Slid down, a further boss is.
projected which engages with chain & presses it immoveably against frame, &
thus acts as a window fastener to both sashes. Thus sashes can be moved together
or separately. In lower sash "finger lifts cause a lever bolt to slide with hinged
clips which automatically wedges sash to frame.
20.
:
Device (31) is somewhat similar to (24), Drawing D: an automatic coiled case
spring, with self acting brake, with or without spring roller, somewhat as (23),
Drawing D, & cogged &c.: & is used in sheet windows hinged or pivotted at top,
or bottom, or sides. Chains thereto are non flexible against wind, &c.
It is used: firstly, with a single spring case &c. for smaller windows: secondly,
in large windows by two spring cases, &c., pivotted & contrary moving (32).
Chains or bands (33) therefrom to top or sides of opening sheet cross in form of
letter X. Jointly they cannot 'bend: upper bending only downwards, & lower
only upwards & one thus counteracting the other against wind pressure, &c.
Alternatively the spring cases are one within the other, or are side by side.
Casement is shown swung in by dotted lines at (34) thirdly, with vertical
pyramidal roller (35), & further having attached thereto, & to opening casement,
a sheet of thin rubber, felt, (36) or other material, coiling round roller, which is
hung eccentrically, or otherwise. The swung open sheet is (37). The device.
forms a side guard: is out of sight when casement.is closed.
:
Rods, chains, or cords, are used alternatively to operate cases, rollers, &c. &, instead
of passing simply within or over the rollers, or spring cases, may in addition pass
. entirely round same.

page_text: A further device is bracket (38) attached by pivot to casement at one end, & at
the other engaging with, & sliding on, vertical bar (39) affixed on frame, by a
small wheel, &c. (40). Chain or band (41) of spring case (42) is attached to
casement, & bottom end of bracket.. Sheet swung open is (43): & (44) closed.
In all these, beads of frames move &c. with casements as elsewhere described:
the beads overlapping &c. both frames & sheets.
Fshows plan of windows opening out: Fdo. opening in: F do. opening both
out & iu: F section of windows opening out: F do. opening in: Fo do. both
out & in.
A spirally revolving,. & so quickly rising & falling hinge, or device (45) adjust-
able by slide or screw inotion, & in addition to ordinary hinges, is screwed on near-
foot of hanging side of casement: whereby, as casement closes, vertical pressure is
exercised upon sliding wood or metal band (46) below. same, with india rubber or
other lining, & extending whole width of casemont. Band thus engages closely to
casement, & to sill, or floor, or into a groove thereof, as at (47): so,preventing
draught &c. As casement opens, process is instantaneously reversed upwards.
Other end of band furthest from hanging aide is pressed down by a parallelimotion
pivot hinge, of the nature of that sketched at (48), or by bevilled projecting boss,
or projecting button or other spring on frame, &c.
For band placed centrally in thickness of..casement (49) movement is similar:
but for band when outside (50) movement of spiral." hinge" is roversed: & it acts
upon a pivotted bar passing through casement to band.
Movement of spiral "hinge" actuates also, by a similar pivot. parallelt motion,
fillets on either side as at. (51), or on top as at (52), of casements, so as to cause
them to shoot into frames.
i
A concealed fastener (53) is, pressed against: casements and its sharp pins-at
bottom, into sill, or floor, or side fiumes, &c. Wedge shaped piece sliding or
moving eccentrically on. same passes between frame, sill, or floor, & casement, & is
secured in position by, an, automatic spring,, or by a thumb turu. Pressure from
other side forces pins more securely down, & tightens, wedge, thus preventing.
opening of casement..

page_text: CASEMENT OPENING BOTH INWARDS & OUTWARDS.
(DRAWINGS F³ & F*.)
Centre of pivot of hinge (63) is such that when casement is open, it stands clear
of metal or wood covering fillets (64).
Fillets (64) are hinged eccentrically or otherwise: the bossed ring sketched
at (65) of hinge thereof attached to casement, engaging within & against slotted
ring sketched at (66) attached to frame: the ring (66) being soparable, &, as a
spring, tightly closing on (65) or vice versa.
'
Opening casement presses against fillet & pushes it outwards on spring ring
about a revolution, when, having passed centre of spring, the latter drives it at
once a further revolution, & so more than completely free from swinging casement.
As casement returns, & closes, a socket thereon engages with a pin (or vice versa)
on horizontal top & bottom semicircular spreading plates attached to hinge of
frame, & so reverses previous spring action, tightly closes fillet against casement.
Without this socket & pin, which are out of sight & inaccessible, fillets cannot.
be closed against casements, (wheu once opened) in such manner as to prevent its
closing.
Where casements are "folding" an endless chain or band may be attached to semi
circular plates above named, across over head, or under sill of casements, whereby
the opening of one casement opens the other, either way.
Alternatively a strong steel wire is screwed to foot & head of frame, in a spring
socket after the manner of (65) & (66): and covering fillet is attached to such
wire at some distance from foot & head. The wire &c. when twisted by casement
acts as a spring, & forces fillet close against casement, &c., as before. Actious
of opening & holding back fillets, whilst casement, is open, are as described
under (64) &c.
Alternatively covering fillets adjoining hinge (and similarly in lock stile) are
connected by a metal band in frame as at (67), slotted on one side, working upon
a bossed metal band on the other, by which means the action of the one, pressed
by casement, reacts upon the other, & draws it in, or out, as casement moves:
actions of opening & holding back, &c., being similar to those named under (64) &c.
Alternatively spiral device as at (45) Drawing F is placed above or around
hinge (68) near foot of casement, or below or around same near head of casement.
As casement opens or closes, the almost instantaneous lift or lowering communicates
itself to (51), which is hung, with parallel moving. & pivot hinges as sketched
at (48), and almost instantaneously draws it in or out. Similar parallel moving &
pivot bars in top rail, as at (52), & bottom as at (49), & lock stile (69), or meeting
stiles (70), engage with & act simultaneously with hanging rail bar (51).
Instantaneous action of bars is made certain by spring & hinged projecting device
attached both to top & bottom & lock stile of casement. Before casement opens
it moves aside this, & so forcibly pushes up, & down, & in, respectively, bara at
bottom, & top, & lock stile, assisted by device as at (45) Drawing.F. These bars
cannot return to their places until casement is closed & at rest: being held by (45),
when once casement opens.
Above are automatic operations.
Same result is alternatively gained in such cases by use of, & by slight turn of,
a bandle (71) causing a projecting boss thereon to push against the parallel moving
bars. The turn is necessary before casement can open. This at once performs
duty automatically performed by previous casement devices for actuating bare,
or tongues, at top, bottom, or sides. If movement of handle (71) is made a
complete spring movement, that is, such that a reverse turn of handle is needed
before process can be reversed, then use of spiral device. (45) is dispensed with.
But in large casements, it is preferable to retain (45), as it assists and simplifies
operations.

page_text: 7. Automatic spring (13) & (14), & slots therefor, & the bevilled or contracted

page_text: 19. Pivotted coiled, case springs (32): non flexible,chains (33)..
20. Pyramidal roller (35): side guard-sheets (36)..
21. Brackets with, roller, slide, chain &, the like (38) (39) (40) (41) (42).
22. Moving of beads with sashes & casements:, tongueing. of same into frames, &c.
23.. Device (45), & band (46) & (47): pivot hinge (48): bevilled projecting
boss & spring pivotted bar described at (50): fillets (51) (52).
24. Fastener (53).
25. Fillets (64) & spring hinge (56): fillets (57) device (60).(61) (62).
26. Fillets (64): devices (65) (66): semicircular plates & socket & pin: endless
chain, or band steel wire spring alternative thereto.
27. Device (67).
28. Attachment of (45) with hinge (68): & their application to the various beads
or tongues: & the "spring & hinged projecting device" accompanying.
29. Handle (71): device (71) in dotted lines in lock stile with fillets. (72).
30. Application of fillets before named to casements opening at sides, top, or
bottom hinged button springs & their application as named in last paragraph but
two of specification.
Dated this Thirteenth day of August 1896.