IMPROVEMENTS ON CER- TAIN PARTS OP MACHINERY OR INSTRUMENTS USED FOR THE DRESSING OF WOOLLEN OTHER CLOTHS
Year: 1818

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
JONES, of the City of Gloucester, Brushmaker, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did, by
Her Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Nineteenth day of
February, in the fifty-eighth year of His reign, give and grant unto me, the
said John Jones, my exors, adñors, and assigns, His especial licence, full
power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said John Jones, my exors,
adiňors, and assigns, should, and lawfully might, during the term of years
therein mentioned, make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and
the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS ON CER-
TAIN PARTS OP MACHINERY OR INSTRUMENTS USED FOR THE DRESSING OF WOOLLEN
OTHER CLOTHS;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained a
proviso, that if I, the said John Jones, shall not particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and scal and
cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within two calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent, that then the said Letters Patent, and all liberties and
advantages whatsoever thereby granted, shall utterly cease, determine, and

page_text: Become void, as mand by the same, relation Deng mercanto mad, may
more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Jones, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is, to be performed, are particularly described and
ascertained in and by the Drawings hereunto annexed, and the following
description thereof, that is to say:-
My improvements consist of instruments of the nature of brushes, composed
of bristles and wires intermixed, fixed into wooden blocks, or blocks made of
metal or any other suitable material, which for the purposes of dressing woolen
cloths are to be placed either upon the cylinders or wheels of gig mills, and
other machines used for dressing woollen cloths, in the same manner as teasels
or cards are placed upon such cylinders or wheels of gig mills or other machines,
or to be used by band, for dressing woolen cloths. But as the application of
instruments possessing different degrees of strength and power is necessary for
the dressing woollen cloths, in order that the wool which is to form the face or
dress of the cloth may be raised or drawn from the body or ground of it in a pro-
gressive and regular manner, so these instruments possess different degrees of
strength, and the proportionate and respective quantities and size of the bristles
änd wires composing the same varying, will afford the requisite power and
strength; but no precise directions can be given for the working and arranging
the instruments; às that must depend upon observation and judgment. Wires
have long been applied to the purposes of dressing woollen cloths, and I do not
claim their application to that object as my Invention, but I do claim ás my
Invention the intermixing of wires with bristles for that purpose, and the
fastening of botli so intermixed into blocks, for the purpose of dressing woolen
cloths. For a further explanation of my Invention, and the manner of manu-
facturing my instruments, reference may be had to the Drawings annexed, and
following description, wherein are perspective representations of the several
instruments exhibiting iny improvements. I proceed, therefore, to describe the
same as they appear in such Drawings.
Figure 1 represents a block in which is fixed rows of knots or bunches of
bristles and wires the size of the wire and of the bristles, and the proportion of
each interniixed will vary with the description of cloth intended to be dressed:
It may, however, be well to say, generally, the size of the wire will be about the
sanie as is usually applied for making of cards for dressing woollen cloths. The
block; which on its face is convex, to correspond with the form of à cylinder or
wheel of a gig mill, as shewn in the Drawings, is perforated with as many
holes at equal distances in rows is theé áré to be knôts or bunches of- bristles

page_text: and wires, and the depth of the holes are to be about half an inch. The wire,
it after is cut into convenient lengths, is beaten at the end intended to be
fastened into the block by a hammer, or rough instrument of iron or steel, to
imitate the roots of bristles, in order that both may tie well together. The pro-
portion of each being determined, they are intermixed by means of a comb, such
as is commonly used for cleansing bristles, and turned about in the hands till
both become proper intermixed; or in other words, if the proportion of bristles
is three to one of wires, which I will suppose to be the proportion of bristles
in Figure 1, every wire will be surrounded by three bristles. I now take a
small knot or bunch from these intermixed bristles and wires, the quantity of
which will be according to the size of the holes in the block, and dip the ends
or roots into hot pitch; I then take a thread and twist around the part pitched
which ties the knot or bunch together, the end is again dipped into the hot
pitch, and instantly fixed to the bottom of the hole in the block. Beginning
at a corner hole of the same, I proceed in the same manner to fill the next hole
in direction across the block, and so on, till the first row of holes across the
block is filled; the bristles and wires will now stand above the surface of the
block according to the length of them before they were fixed in.
Figure represents a knot or bunch of bristles and wires before it is fixe.l
in the block; Figure 3 represents the same when cut off to its proper height.
Before another row of holes is filled, I cut off that length of bristles and wi es
which is above the height of that I intend shall stand above the surface of the
block. The rows may be cut off to an even or uneven surface, and also may
bear an inclination to either side of the block, as the holes are bored, and as
occasion may require.
Figure 4 represents another instrument or brush, of bristles and wires inter-
mixed, fixed into a block in rows of knots or bunches, the ends of the wires of
which are bent forwards and formed into hooks bearing over towards the front
edge of the block; the manner of fastening the bunches of bristles and wires,
making the same, being as before described, I proceed to shew my method of
turning the wires and cutting off the same. I have before stated that the
holes may be bored so as to cause an inclination of the knots or bunches of
bristles either way; and for the better formation of the hooks of the wires in
Figure 4, the erection of rows of knots or bunches will incline towards the back
edge of the block, and the points of the hooks of the wires will incline towards
the front edge of the block. Figure 5 is a section of the block with one row
of bristles and wires standing across the block, representing the wires turned
to form the hooks; the row of bunchies of bristles and wires is to be cut in the
direction from a to b. Figure 6 represents tlic row when cut off. In Figure 4

page_text: the last or back row of bunches is composed of all bristles, and in some of these
instruments I place a row of bristles in the front of the block or entirely all
round. The mode of fixing the bunches of bristles and wires in Figures 1
and 4 I prefer, because it causes the bunches to spread at their tops, the parts
of which are to enter into the cloth, thereby making the wires and bristles to
enter the same singly; but it is obvious they may be drawn into blocks of wood
with wires or strings, in a manner similar to that usually practised in manufac-
turing common brushes, such as shoe brushes, scrubbing brushes, &c. Figure 7
represents an instrument composed of bristles and wires intermixed in
undivided rows fixed in an oblique direction across the block, which is of
shape and size similar to those of Figures 1 and 4. The block is grooved or
channel'd with as many grooves or channels as there are to be rows of bristles
and wires of a width to admit that portion of bristles and wires to be fixed in,
and depth to give a secure fastening. The bristles and wires are intermixed
by the same means as before stated. Figure 8 represents a piece of strong
wire doubled or turned in the middle, the ends coming together, as seen in the
Drawing, with a row of bristles and wires intermixed laid betwixt the two
wires. The ends of the strong wire are then fixed into a screw or press; the
middle or doubled part being made fast, it is then twisted until the shape of
the bristles and wires become similar to Figure 9; it is now worked into a
groove of the block and becomes a row in Figure 7. The wires are then
bent towards the front of the block to form hooks, and are cut off, in the
same manner as those of Figure 4. Figure 10 represents an instrument
composed of bristles and wires intermixed in undivided rows lengthways;
the whole process of making this instrument being the same as Figure 7, it is
unnecessary to enter into further particulars. The undivided rows of bristles
and wires may of courso be fixed in any direction in the blocks. I have stated
generally that all these instruments will have such proportions of wires and
bristles as the description and nature of cloth intended to be dressed by them
will require. It is obvious that these blocks may be made of any shape and
dimentions, and attached to the mills either by the bandles represented, or by
any other means which may be deemed most eligible. Figure 11 represents
a cylinder or roller of wood, with knots or bunches of bristles or bristles and
wires intermixed fixed into it, for the purpose of cleansing my instruments, or
any other instruments or teasels, whilst they are working in the cylinders or
wheels of gig mil's or other machines to dress woolen cloth with bunches
of bristles, or bristles and wires intermixed, fixed entirely round the cylinder or
roller at the distance of about half an inch from each other; the height of the
knots or bunches of bristles, or bristles and wires intermixed, will be, after

page_text: they are cut, from 1 inch to 3 inches above the cylinder or roller. The length
of the cylinder or roller will be the length of the gig against the back side of
which it is to work; the diameter will be from three inches to twelve inches
or more. The particular plan of working it by means of the gig against the
cylinder or wheel against which it will rub or brush must depend upon a
variety of circumstances, such as the situation and construction of the gig mill.
The speed also of the cylinder brush running upon its own axles or spindles
must also be governed by the machinery of the gig; and when circumstances
will not admit the cylinder brush to cleanse instruments for dressing woolen
cloth whilst the same are fixed upon the cylinder or wheel of a gig mill, then
they may be taken from the cylinder or wheel of a gig mill and cleansed
seperately by means of this cylinder brush composed of bristles and wires
intermixed.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Jones, have hereunto set my hand
and seal this Eighteenth day of April in the year of our Lord.
JOHN (L.B.) JONES.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Eighteenth day of April, in the
year of our Lord 1818, the aforesaid John Jones came before our said
Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stampt according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Eighteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighteen.