Improvements in Window Frames and Fittings.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Dec., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 2nd Sept., 1892-Accepted, 2nd Dec., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Window Frames and Fittings.
:-
I, ALPHONSE VINCKE of 7 Rue de Verviers, Brussels, in the Kingdom of
Belgium, Joiner, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in sash frames and mainly consists in the
combination of a sliding sash with a stationary frame within which it is guided in
its vertical motion and also with an upper stationary sash or shade; and it further
consists in a similar combination with a movable shade guided on the outside of the
said stationary frame in a groove or way formed by the said frame and an external
bead. The invention also comprises suitable devices for facilitating the operation
of the said movable parts in the vertical direction; self acting or other stops to
prevent the untimely descent of the movable sashes; and guiding and closing
devices whereby the air and water tight fitting of the parts is ensured; the whole
of the arrangement being such that the parts may readily and quickly be fitted
together; that easy access may be had to the devices situated internally for
purposes of inspection or repair; that (owing especially to the arrangement of the
stationary frame) the sashes may with facility be cleaned; and lastly that the
whole assumes
an appearance of lightness and elegance which it has lacked
The whole arrangement mainly consists of a lower movable sash an upper sash
or shade either movable or stationary, a stationary frame wherein the lower sash
alone or both sashes as the case may be are adapted to slide; a base or sill, jambs
internal fittings, counterpoises with their cords and pulleys, chambers wherein the
counterpoises are located, automatic stops or catches for arresting or locking in
position the bottom sash or similar stops adapted for operation by hand; a stop for
the top sash and cords with their pulleys for operating the top sash.
hitherto.
The bottom sash vertically slides in a guide-groove formed by the stationary
frame, the jamb and the inner bead. The jambs of this frame are provided with
projections adapted to enter grooves in the sash, the said projections serving as
guides for this sash.
When a stationary sash or shade is used it is fitted and supported in the upper
part of the frame.
The upper sash or shade slides vertically outside of the frame in a guide-groove
formed by the jamb and an external fitting which may be integral with the
jamb.
The sashes are each suspended by means of two counterpoises whose size and
weight respectively depend on the space available and on the weight of the window.
The counterpoises may be entirely of lead or they may each consist of a cast iron
or equivalent shell filled with a greater or less amount of lead, the latter method
enabling the weight to be exactly proportioned to the weight of the sashes so as to
balance them in a perfect manner.
The counterpoises are preferably guided in wooden chambers or ways, or they
may be guided in iron ways.
The counterpoises are attached to the cords by means of hooks so that they are
readily detachable. The preferably steel cords supporting the lower sash and
attached thereto at the lower part, pass over pulleys arranged within the jamb on a
level with the upper cross piece of that sash so that the said cords are not visible
on the outside.
The cords supporting the upper sash are secured to its upper portion and pass
over two pulleys located in a block of wood arranged in an inclined position in the

page_text: upper part of the frame so that the counterpoises hooked on to the cords may
descend into their chamber or way.
To facilitate the vertical motion of the shade or sliding sash I arrange within its
frame a number of antifriction rollers adapted to roll when necessary upon copper
or brass plates by which means is prevented the wearing of channels and grooves
in the jambs of the stationary frame.
For drawing down the shade a cord is connected to the top of the shade while
another cord secured to the power part of the shade serves for moving the said
shade upwardly.
The first cord passes through the jamb or stationary frame just above the bottom
sash and is guided over pulleys, a third pulley being arranged beneath the second
pulley to enable the shade to descend down to the window-sill (for instance when it
is desired to remove it for cleaning or similar purposes). This pulley receives
the cord when its upper portion comes down to the level of the pulley whereupon
the downward movement of the shade is completed by grasping the lower cross-
piece.
The cord for raising the upper frame or shade passes on the same level as the
other cord over two pulleys.
For the operation of the lower sash are provided one or two knobs or heads
secured to the lower cross-piece so that by grasping them with the hand the sash
may be readily raised or lowered at will.
When the sashes are very heavy it is advisable to facilitate their operation by
providing larger pulleys either for the cords or for the counterpoises. The pulleys
for operating the lower sash are enlarged as much as the width of the guide groove
will allow and by means of small auxiliary pulleys fitted within brackets secured to
the jamb, the cords are brought down along the centre of the chamber of the
counterpoise.
For the operation of the shade I substitute for the two operating pulleys one
large pulley and I also replace the pulleys of the lower sash by one large pulley whose
diameter equals the width of the jamb. The cord by means of which the shade is
caused to descend, thus passes over two pulleys only, arranged in the same vertical
plane; when the lower part of the shade descends further than the sash, the large
pulley receives the cord exactly in the same way as the third pulley did before;
whereas the cord employed for moving the shade upwardly only passes over one
pulley.
If the guide-groove be sufficiently high the two pulleys of the counterpoises may
likewise be replaced by one, pulley of a larger diameter determined in accordance
with the position of the counterpoises.
Moreover in order to facilitate the operation of the movable sash or shade the
counterpoises instead of weighing each one half of the weight of the sash, may be
so proportioned as to weight, that the counterpoise situated on the descending side
of the sash where the cord is located is heavier (say from 3 to 3 kilogrammes)
than the counterpoise situated next to the ascending cord (which would only weigh
from 2 to 2½ kilogrammes for example). The difference in weight may however
be more or less according to the width of the sash or shade.
The cords for the sake of greater security terminate in knots engaging within
notches or slots provided in the sashes and are each retained in position by means
of a plate tightly secured by means of a screw and a nut which nut is preferably
formed in the frame of the sash itself.
To avoid accidental falls of the lower sash I have devised an automatic stop or
catch. This stop is combined with one or both of the knobs provided on the lower
cross-piece of the lower sash. The knob thus connected with the stop-device for
this purpose is screwed upon a threaded rod or screw-bolt secured to one of the
arms of a bell-crank lever (or to one side of a sector) and through whose opposite
end passes a pin to which are hinged two small links or rods the opposite ends of
which are secured by means of a second pin in a groove of a catch or a bolt. A
spring. passing between smaller links and acting upon one end of the catch tends

page_text: constantly to press the point of the catch or bolt between the teeth of a rack fitted
within the jamb. The motion of the bell-crank lever is controlled by a slot
provided in the lid of the case containing this stop-device, which slot serves to
guide a rod. The pawl or catch is guided by a casing and a pin, which may be
replaced by one of the screws employed for retaining the plate upon the cross-
piece. The groove which this pin enters enables the catch or pawl to move
upwardly in engagement with the rack while the bell-crank lever and links or rods
remain at rest.
In raising the lower sash an upward pressure is exercised upon the knob so that
as the knob thus reaches the upper limit of its stroke it moves no further and the
pawl or bolt may freely move along the rack owing to the groove. When the
sash is to be lowered the knob is pressed downwardly whereby in the first place
the lever is swung round and brings the pawl out of engagement with the rack
so that the sash may be caused to descend with safety by further pulling the knob.
When the knob is released the pawl under the action of the spring again engages
with the teeth of the rack and thus arrests the sash in its descent. This automatic
stop-device may be replaced by one of more simple construction and of non-automatic
operation. Such a device may consist of a case or box externally provided with a
projection enabling it to be rigidly retained in the wood. The box through which
passes a rod operated by a knob and surrounded by a spiral spring tends to
maintain the square portion of this rod in engagement with the rack fitted within
the slide of the frame or itself constituting the slide. The rod thus prevents the
descent of the sash so long as it is not held back. For thus retaining the rod when
required a small pin provided on the said rod may be adapted to engage in a notch
formed in a socket when the knob is turned to the right the distance of a quarter
of a circle. The rod will then be drawn back and retained in that position. This
device may also serve for closing the lower sash. For this purpose at the lower
part of the rack is formed a comparatively deep recess in which engages the rod and
whereby the sash is kept closed. A similar device for closing the sash may
be combined with an automatic stop-device but in this case the rack is omitted from
the stationary frame and the rod simply made to slide upon a way in the lower
portion of which an opening for the reception of the rod is provided.
A similar device with a rod, a spring and a projection, also serves both for
arresting and locking the sash or shade and is for this purpose located within the
second way of the counterpoise on whose side are provided notches or teeth with
which the rod of the device is adapted to engage whereby the counterweight is
prevented from rising and therefore the shade from descending further. It will be
understood that upon the counterweight or the upper cross bar of the shade
an automatic stop device such as is above referred to may be arranged. The pawl
of such device would then engage a rack arranged within the slide-way of the
shade or along the fitting and may be disengaged by means of a cord passing over
or guided to the outside of the sash by suitable pulleys.
For the purpose of effectually preventing moisture (rain or the like) and air
from penetrating through the joints between the sashes the following means are
employed,
In the first place this object is attached by the arrangement of the stationary
frame with projections or ribs exactly fitting the grooves in the movable sash frame.
At the top and bottom air and water are prevented from entering the room by
means of another method of fitting in the sections. By such fitting the window
may be closed with air and water-tight joints and the closing or opening may be
effected with the greatest facility and smoothness and without shaking. These
sash-locking and draught excluding pieces can be applied to the sill and upper
cross-bar of the sash frame or of the stationary frame which may be provided with
projections with which engages a projection of the lower sash or a projection, of
the shade.
To make the closing of the window still more tight the parts just referred to may
be lined or covered with pieces of indiarubber.

page_text: Any moisture produced by atmospheric or other influences indoors is received
in channels provided in the sill and similar channels provided in the lower cross bar
of the shade.
To prevent the weight of the glass panes from warping the lower cross bars of the
lower sash and shade the panes are supported by means of two squares or brackets
secured in place by means of an upper book entering the wood while on the lower parts
of the said brackets wedges are placed for supporting the window panes. These sup-
porting pieces or wedges owing to the rather deep recess partly rest within the same
recess & are permanently secured in place and provided from shifting towards the
centre. The lower parts of the brackets are loosely fitted within the cross bar so as
not to interfere with the latter. The main purpose of these devices is to prevent the
warping of the sash frames as such warping would necessarily result in forming
interstices admitting draughts or rainwater while at the same time they would
interfere with the proper operation of the sashes or indeed render them entirely unfit
to slide up and down.
To ensure an easy access (for repairs etc.) to the parts situated within the frame,
the following means are adopted :-The side wall of the stationary frame is opened
up to the level of the lower sash, then the screws whereby the inner bead is secured
to the jamb are each turned the distance of a quarter of a revolution. These
screws may pass through the slots of the plates and enable the said fitting to be
removed down to the opening together with the partition attached thereto.
The sash and its counterpoises are then exposed and the necessary work may be.
performed.
To remove the sash or shade it is sufficient to pull it down entirely and to unscrew
the lower part of the fitting properly slotted at a suitable level whereupon the
sash or shade will be ready for removal.
To arrange similar sash-frames in balcony doors the lower part of the door frame
is made in two leaves or portions as in ordinary casement windows. This part
occupies the space between the floor and the window sill the leaves being adapted
to turn on large hinges. The lower sash instead of resting upon the sill in this
case is supported by the cross piece secured to the folding doors or leaves and
adapted to open in the centre together with these doors, and the stationary sash,
comes down as far as the piece.
To open the balcony door the sash is first raised and the folding door opened.
When the sash is brought down its flange or ledge becomes fitted in the cross piece
whereby the door is secured in the closed position. The folding door is closed by
means of a suitable handle or bolt.
When it is desired to supplement the sash window by an adjustable or other
shutter all that is necessary is to provide a second external bead. To provide the
window with a mosquito net it is only necessary to form notches in the cross-
piece of the stationary frame and then to secure it on the top and sides by means
of bolts.
Dated this 1st day of December 1891.
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Window Frames and Fittings.
I, ALPHONSE VINCKE of 7 Rue de Verviers, Brussels, in the Kingdom of
Belgium, Joiner, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in sash-frames and mainly consists in the
combination of a sliding sash with a stationary frame within which it is guided in

page_text: its vertical motion and also with an upper stationary sash or shade, and it further
consists in a similar combination with a movable shade guided on the outside of the.
said stationary frame in a groove or way formed by the said frame and an external
bead. The invention also comprises suitable devices for facilitating the operation
of the said movable parts in the vertical direction, self-acting or other stops to
prevent the untimely descent of the movable sashes, and guiding and closing devices
whereby the air- and water-tight fitting of the parts is ensured, the whole of the
arrangement being such that the parts may readily and quickly be fitted together, that
casy access may be had to the devices situated internally for purposes of inspection
or repair, that (owing especially to the arrangement of the stationary frame) the
sashes may with facility be cleaned, and lastly that the whole assumes an appearance
of lightness and elegance which it has lacked hitherto.
In the accompanying drawings
Fig. 1 is an external elevation of a sash-window in which the upper sash is
stationary and the lower movable.
Fig. 2 is a vertical section on line A B of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a horizontal section on line CD of Fig. 1 on an enlarged scale.
Fig. 4 is part of a vertical section on line A B of Fig. 1 on an enlarged scale
and as seen from a direction opposite to that from which Fig. 2 is seen.
Fig. 5 is an internal elevation of a window in which both the upper and lower
sash-frames are movable (part of this figure being in section).
Fig. 6 is a vertical section on line G H of Fig. 5 looking in one direction, and
Fig. 7 is a similar section looking in the opposite direction.
Fig. 8 is a side elevation of the interior of the window-frame one of its walls
being omitted to expose the counterpoises of the sashes.
Figs. 9, 94, 98 and 9° are stops or catches adapted to be operated by hand.
Fig. 10 is part of a vertical section on line I K Fig. 5 on an enlarged scale.
Fig. 11 is a horizontal section on the broken line E F, Fig. 5, also drawn on an
enlarged scale.
Figs. 12 and 13 illustrate the method of attaching the cords.
Fig. 14 shows the mode of attachment of the fittings of the slide-way of the
lower sash.
Fig. 15 shows the manner in which the invention may be applied to balcony-
doors.
Fig. 16 is a vertical section on line L M Fig. 15 with the upper sash slightly
lowered.
Figs. 17 and 18 represent the means employed for retaining the glass panes in
the sash-frames.
Figs. 19, 20, 21 and 22 are modifications adapted for large size sashes for which
larger pulleys are required, and
Figs. 23, 24 and 25 represent an automatic stop-device.
The whole arrangement mainly consists of a lower movable sash A, an upper
sash or shade B, either movable or stationary a stationary frame or jambs C
wherein the lower sash A alone or both sashes A. and B, as the case may be, are
adapted to slide, a base or sill E, internal fittings or racks F, counterpoises D
and K with their cords and pulleys, chambers 1 and 2 wherein the counterpoises
are located, automatic stops or catches Z for arresting or locking in position the
bottom sash or similar stops G adapted for operation by hand, a stop L for the top
sash B and cords with their pulleys for operating the top sash.
The bottom sash A slides vertically in a guide-groove formed by the stationary
frame C, the jamb I and the inner bead J. The jambs of this frame C are provided
with projections or racks F adapted to enter grooves a formed in the sash A, the
said projections F serving as guides for this sash A. (see Fig. 3 for example).
When a stationary sash or shade B is used as in Figs. 1 and 2 it is rigidly fitted
and supported in the upper part of the frame C.
Figs. 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 15, 16, 19, 21, represent the means devised for obtaining a
movable shade or upper sash,

page_text: :
The upper sash or shade B slides vertically outside of the frame C in a guide-
groove formed by the jamb I and an external bead I' which may be integral with
the jamb I (as shown in Fig. 12 for example).
The sashes A and B are each suspended by means of two counterpoises D and K
whose size and weight respectively depend on the space available and on the weight
of the window. The counterpoises may be entirely of lead or they may each
consist of a cast iron or equivalent shell filled with a greater or less amount of lead
or shot, the latter method enabling the weight to be exactly proportioned to the
weight of the sashes so as to balance them in a perfect manner.
The counterpoises are preferably guided in wooden chambers or ways 1 and 2,
one of these ways, 1, is formed by a wall N, a partition O and an external rod or
strip Q, and the other, 2, by a board ³, a bead or strip P and the before mentioned
wall and partition N and O (Fig. 11). Or the counterpoises may be guided in
metal ways d² (Fig. 2).
The counterpoises are attached to the cords by means of S hooks so that they
are readily detachable. The preferably steel cords & supporting the lower sash A
and attached thereto at the lower part, pass over pulleys mounted on the jamb 1
on a level with the upper cross-piece of that sash, so that the said cords are not
visible from outside (Figs. 2, 3, 16, 19).
The cords & supporting the upper sash B are secured to the upper portion of that
shade (Figs. 7 and 16) and pass over two pulleys k¹² (Figs. 6, 7, 8, 11) located in
preferably a block of wood (not shown) arranged in an inclined position at the top
of the sash frame so that the counterpoises K hooked on to the cords k may descend
into their chamber or way 2 (see dotted lines Fig. 11).
To facilitate the vertical motion of the sash or shade I arrange within the jambs.
of its frame a number of antifriction-rollers B¹ (Figs. 11, 19, 21 and 22) adapted to
roll when necessary upon copper or brass plates P P by which means the con-
tinually moving sashes are prevented from wearing out the wood of the guide-piece
to such an extent as to form a channel or groove therein.
For the descent of the sash B a cord is connected to the top at 1 (Figs. 6
and 21) while another cord 62 secured to the lower part at y (Figs. 7 and 22) serves
for moving the said sash upwardly.
The cord passes through the window-frame I just above the bottom sash upon
pulleys and b, a third pulley 16 being arranged beneath the pulley to enable
the sash B to descend down to the window-sill (for instance when it is desired
to remove it for cleaning or similar purposes). This pulley receives the
cord when the portion comes down to the level of the pulley whereupon
the downward movement of the sashi is completed by grasping its lower cross-picce
or rail.
The cord, for raising the upper frame or sash, passes at the same level as the
other cord b¹ over two pulleys 63 and 6 (Fig. 7).
For the operation of the lower sash A there are provided one or two knobs or
heads Z Fig. 5. secured to the lower cross-piece so that by grasping them with the
hand the sash may be readily raised or lowered at will.
When the sashes are very heavy it is advisable to facilitate their operation
by providing larger pulleys either for the cords or for the counterpoises, as
illustrated in Figs. 19, 20, 21 and 22. The pulleys d for the lower sash A are
enlarged as much as the width of the guide-groove will allow, and by means
of small auxiliary pulleys & fitted within brackets d³ secured to the jamb I, the
cords are brought down along the centre of the chamber 1, of the counter-
poise D as shown in Figs. 19 and 20.
For the operation of the shade or upper sash B I substitute for the two
pulleys one large pulley 6 (Figs. 19 and 21) and I also replace the
pulleys 6 by one large pulley 69 (Fig. 22) whose diameter preferably equals
the width of the jamb. The cord 6 by means of which the shade B is caused
to descend, thus passes over only two pulleys and arranged in the same
vertical plane. When the lower part of the shade B descends further than the

page_text: top rail of the sash A, the large pulley 68 receives the
did before the pulley (Fig. 6), whereas the cord
shade upwardly only passes over one pulley 6 (Fig. 22).
cord in the same way as
employed for moving the
If the guide-groove be sufficiently high the two pulleys and of each of the
counterpoises may likewise be replaced by one pulley of a larger diameter,
determined in accordance with the position of the counterpoises.
Moreover in order to facilitate the operation of the shade the counterpoises.
instead of weighing each, one half of the weight of the sash, may be so pro-
portioned as to weight, that the counterpoise situated on the descending side of the
sash, where the cord 6' is located is heavier (say from 3 to 34 kilogrammes) than
the counterpoise situated next to the ascending cord 62 (which would only weigh
from 2 to 2 kilogrammes for example). The difference in weight may however
be more or less according to the width of the shade.
The cords d and k, and 2, for the sake of greater security terminate in knots
engaging within notches or slots provided in the sashes A. B and are retained in
position each by means of a plate p tightly secured by means of a screw
and a
nut which nut is preferably provided in the jamb of A or B itself (Figs. 12
and 13).
To avoid accidental falls of the sash A. I have devised an automatic stop or catch
(Figs. 23, 24 and 25). This stop is combined with one or both of the knobs Z
provided on the lower cross-piece of the sash A. The knob Z thus connected
with the stop-device is for this purpose screwed upon a threaded rod or screw-
bolt X secured to one of the arms of a bell-crank lever (or to one side of a
sector X pivotted at X and through whose opposite end passes a pin X³ to which
are hinged two small links or rods X the opposite ends of which are secured by
means of a pin o passing through a slot o³ to a catch or bolt'. A spring Xs
passing between the links X and acting upon one end of the catch o tends con-
stantly to press the point of the catch or bolt into engagement with the teeth of
a rack F fitted to the jamb I. The motion of the bell-crank lever X is controlled
by a slot X Fig. 23, provided in the cover of the case X containing this stop-
device which slot serves to guide the pin or rod X. The pawl or catch o is guided
by a casings and a pin of which as shown in Figs. 23 and 24 may be replaced
by one of the screws employed for retaining the plate upon the cross-piece. The
slot o with which the pin of engages, enables the catch or pawl to move backwards
out of engagement with the rack F, and the bell crank lever X' and links X' to
remain at rest while the sash A is being raised.
it
In raising the lower sash A an upward pressure is exercised upon the knob Z
so that as the knob thus reaches the upper limit of its stroke, it moves no further
and the pawl or bolt o may freely move along the rack Fowing to the slot o².
When the sash is to be lowered the knob is pressed downwardly, whereby in the
first place the lever X is swung round and this lever through the medium of X*X*
and of brings the bolt o out of engagement with the rack so that the sash may
be caused to descend with safety by further pulling down the knob Z.
When the knob Z is released the pawl o under the action of the spring X' again
engages with the teeth of the rack and thus arrests the sash in its descent. This
automatic stop-device may be replaced by one of more simple construction and of
non-automatic operation. Such a device, as shown in Figs. 1, 3, 4, 5, 9 to 9c, 11, 15
and 16 may consist of a case or box 9' externally provided with a projection g
Figs. 9 and 9 enabling it to be rigidly retained in the woodwork. Through the
box g' passes a rod or bolt g operated by a knob G and surrounded by a spiral
spring which tends to maintain the end of the bolt in engagement with the
rack F fitted within the slide F (Fig. 11) of the frame C, or itself constituting
the slide as shown in Fig. 3. The rod or bolt g thus prevents the descent of the
sash so long as it is not held back. For thus retaining the rod g when required,
a small pin g' provided on the said rod may be adapted to engage in a notch 9'
formed in the case g when the knob G is turned to the right the distance of say
nearly a quarter of a circle. The rod 7 will then be drawn back and retained in

page_text: that position. This device may also serve for fastening the sash A. For this
purpose at the lower part of the rack is formed a comparatively deep recess fin
which engages the rod g and whereby the sash is kept closed, as shown in dotted
lines in Fig. 4. A similar device for fastening the sash may be combined with an
automatic stop-device, but in this case the rack is omitted from the stationary frame
and the rod simply made to slide upon the way F' (Fig. 19) in the lower portion of
which an opening for the reception of the rod g is provided.
A similar device L with a rod l', a spring 12 and a projection (the last named
corresponding with 92 Figs. 9 to 9") also serves both for arresting and locking the
shade B and is for this purpose located within the way 2, of the counterpoise K on
whose side are provided notches or teeth with which the rod of the device Lis
adapted to engage whereby the counterweight K is prevented from rising and
therefore the shade from descending (Figs. 8, 11 and 16). It will be understood
that upon the counter-weight K or the upper cross-bar of the shade B an automatic
stop-device such as is above referred to may be arranged. The pawl of such
device would then engage a rack arranged within the slide-way of the shade B
or along the fitting strip or bead P, and may be disengaged by means of a cord
passing over or guided to the outside of the sash frame by suitable pulleys.
For the purpose of effectually preventing moisture (rain, or the like) and air
from penetrating through the joints between the sashes, the following means are
employed.
In the first place this object is attained by the arrangement of the stationary
frame C with the slide-way F F and F, exactly fitting the grooves a of the
stiles of the movable sash A. One glance at the Figs. 11 and 19 will be sufficient
to demonstrate the absolute damp- and air-tightness of this method of fitting the
parts together. At the top and bottom air and water are prevented from entering
the room by means of another method of fitting in the sections P as shown in
Figs. 2, 4, 6, 7, 10, 16, 17. By such fitting the window may be easily closed and
is held against any shaking. These sash-locking and draught excluding picces
are shown at E and A¹ to be applied to the sill and upper cross-bar of the sash-
frame A or of the stationary frame C which may be provided with projections 4
and 6 with each of which respectively engages a projection 3 of the lower sash A
and a projection 5 of the shade B (Fig. 10).
To make the closing of the window still more tight the parts just referred to
may be lined or covered with pieces of indiarubber. Fig. 10 shows a rod or strip
of indiarubber T thus applied to the rib T of the sill E, one such indiarubber
fitting T is also shown to be applied to the projection. 3 of the cross-bar of the
sash A, while another such fitting T internally covers the contact surfaces of the
shade B.
Any moisture produced by atmospheric or other influences indoors, is received in
channels e el provided in the sill E and similar channels ³ ³ provided in the lower
cross-bar of the shade B (Fig. 10).
To prevent the weight of the glass-panes V from warping the lower cross-bar of
the sash A and shade B the panes are supported by means of two brackets M
(Figs. 17 and 18), secured in place by means of an upper hook or projection m²
entering the wood, while on the lower parts m³ of the said brackets, wedges m' are
placed for supporting the window-panes V. These supporting pieces or wedges m³
⚫ owing to the rather deep recess m³ partly rest within the same recess and are
permanently secured in place and provided from shifting towards the centre.
The lower parts of the brackets are loosely fitted within the cross-bar so as not to
interfere with the latter. The main purpose of these devices is to prevent the
warping of the sash frames as such warping would necessarily result in forming
interstices admitting draughts or rain-water, while at the same time they would
interfere with the proper operation of the sashes or indeed render them entirely
unfit to slide up and down.
To ensure easy access (for repairs and other purposes) to the parts situated
within the frame, the following means are adopted: The pulley piece or board is

page_text: opened up to the top of the lower sash, then the screws (Fig. 14) whereby the
fitting J is secured to the jamb I are each turned a quarter of a revolution. These
screws may pass through the slots of the plates and enable the said fitting J
to be removed together with the partition o attached thereto. The sash A and its
counterpoises are then exposed and the necessary work may be performed.
To remove the shade B it is sufficient to pull it down entirely and to unscrew
the lower part of the fitting I (Fig. 19) properly slotted at a suitable level where-
upon the sash or frame of the shade will be ready for removal.
Figs. 15 and 16 show a method of arranging similar sash frames in balcony-
doors. For this purpose the lower part of the door-frame is made in two folds A¹
as in ordinary casement windows. This part occupies the space between the floor
and the window sill, the folds A' being adapted to turn on joints or hinges m.
The lower sash A. instead of resting upon the sill E in this case is supported by
the cross-piece A³ secured to the folding doors A¹ and adapted to open in the
centre together with these doors, and the stationary sash C comes down as far as
the piece E³.
To open the balcony-door the sash A is first raised and the folding doors A¹
opened. When the sash is brought down, its flange or ledge becomes fitted in the
cross-piece A whereby the doors A' are secured in the closed position. The
folding doors are fasteued by means of a suitable handle or bolt.
When it is desired to supplement the sash-window by an adjustable or other
shutter H, all that is necessary is to provide a second external fitting or bead H¹
as indicated in Figs. 2 and 3. To provide the window with a mosquito net it is
only necessary to form grooves w in the cross-piece of the stationary frame C as
shown in dotted lines in Fig. 10, and then to secure it on the top and sides by means
of bolts.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is,
1. The employment in a sash window of a stationary frame such as C serving as
a guide for one or more other frames and also for keeping out air and dampness by
means of the fittings or guides on the sides (F1 a) substantially as illustrated by
Figure 11 and enabling frames A and B to be fitted in C as shown at 3 4 5 and 6
(Fig. 10) to prevent air and moisture from entering through the top also enabling
the sash window and especially the upper frame to be readily cleaned and
improving the appearance of the sliding frames substantially as described and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
2. The employment in connection with sliding or sash frames of an automatic
locking device substantially as described and illustrated in Figures 23 to 25 of the
accompanying drawings.
3. The provision on sliding or sash frames of stops such as shown at G in
Figures 9 to 90 which for the lower frame are adapted to act upon a rack located
within a guide F on the upright of the stationary frame L and for the shade or
upper sash B to act upon a rack on the counterweight K of the shade B substan-
tially as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
4. In apparatus such as described the combination of the automatic stops G
and L with a closing device (constructed like the apparatus G) which for the lower
frame acts upon the opening f (Figure 4) provided in the guide F and for the
upper frame B
upon the counterweight K substantially as described and illustrated
in the accompanying drawings.
5. In apparatus such as described a device for lowering the shade B by means of
a cord attached to the upper part of the frame and guided by means of three
pulleys band be and a device for raising the said shade by means of a cord b³
guided by pulleys and substantially as described and illustrated in the accom-
panying drawings.
6. In apparatus such as described the combination of a stationary frame such
D

page_text: as C with the lower sliding frame A and the upper stationary sash frame or
shade B (Figures 1 to 4) substantially as described and illustrated in the accom-
panying drawings.
7. In apparatus such as described the combination of a stationary frame such
as C with the lower sliding frame A and an upper movable frame such as B
(Figures 5 to 8 .10 and 11) substantially as described and illustrated in the accom-
panying drawings.
8. In apparatus such as described the combination of a stationary frame such
as C of a lower sash A. and of an upper sash or frame B either stationary or
movable with balcony-doors and the fitting of the lower cross-piece of the frame A
with the upper parts A2 of the doors A' A' all substantially as illustrated in
Figures 15 and 10 of the accompanying drawings.
9. In apparatus such as described the suspension of the frames A and B from
counterweights D and K guided in ways or slides 1 and 2 substantially as described
and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
10. In apparatus such as described the employment of counterweights of different
weights the weight of the one for the descent being increased and that of the
elevating cord being decreased so as to facilitate the vertical movements of the
shade or upper sash substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
11. In apparatus such as described the employment of enlarged pulleys such as d¹
for the counterweight D of the frame A and of pulleys 68. and 6 also enlarged for
the cords and 2 serving for the operation of the shade or upper sash B and their
arrangement substantially as described and illustrated in Figures 12 to 22 for the
purpose of facilitating the vertical movements when heavy frames are employed.
12. In apparatus such as described the mode of attachment of cables and cords.
for sashes A and B substantially as described and illustrated in Figures 12, 13, 21
and 22.
13. In apparatus such as described supporting the glass panes in sliding or
stationary sash-frames by means of brackets such as M (Figures 17 and 18) and
leaving a narrow working space between the glass and the lower cross-bar of the
frame whereby any deformation of that part of the window is prevented and the
introduction of air and moisture through the warped parts obviated while
the vertical movements of the frames are facilitated substantially as described and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
14. In apparatus such as described fitting the various parts to or against each
other substantially in the manner described and illustrated in Figures 2, 4, 7, 6, 10,
16, 17 and 25.
15. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting the complete sash
frame and accessory devices substantially as described and illustrated in the accom-
panying drawings.
Dated this 2nd day of September 1892.
:
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicant.