matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN CLASPS OR FASTENINGS FOR WAISTBANDS, & OTHER DESCRIPTIONS OF BANDS OR STRAPS
Year: 1856

page_text: This Invention received
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic James Pilliner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
July 1856.
I, FREDERIC JAMES PILLINER, of Hatfield Street, Stamford Street, Black-
friars Road, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CLASPS OR FASTENINGS FOR WAISTBANDS,
& OTHER DESCRIPTIONS OF BANDS OR STRAPS," to be as follows:-
My improved clasp or fastening for waist and other bands consists of two
parts; one the mount, of the ordinary kind, forming or containing the orna-
mental part of the fastening, which is secured to one end of the band by a
metal loop, or in the usual way; the opposite end of the mount has a socket
with a longitudinal groove or slit opening thereinto. This socket & groove
are in the direction of the breadth of the band; on the opposite end of the band
to that attached to the mount a rectangular metal hoop or loop is attached,
part of which is encircled by the band fastened thereto, the other part slides
longitudinally into the socket before mentioned. When it has slid quite into
the socket, the ends of the loop are received into two notches cut in the
socket at each end of the slit, which is effected by turning the part within
the socket a little on its axis.
The slot is cut in such a position that the strain on the band tends to keep

page_text: the parts of the hoop within the notches, & so prevents the fastening from
sliding out or becoming disconnected.
The mount may be fitted with one of these fastenings at either end, so that
the same mount may be worn or used with different bands, or the fastening
may be worn or used without any ornamental part. Instead of the two ends
or arms of the hoop being received in two notches, this part may be like the
letter H, having one arm in the middle of its length, & received in one
notch in the middle of the length of the socket when fastened.
A NEW OR IMPROVED PORTABLE RECEPTACLE FOR URINE AND OTHER HUMAN SECRETIONS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Ewing at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd July 1856.
I, JOSEPH EWING, of Cirencester, in the County of Gloucester, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED PORTABLE
RECEPTACLE FOR URINE AND OTHER HUMAN SECRETIONS," to be as follows:-
The purpose of this Invention is to allow children or adults to use this
receptacle for urine or other secretions, when in their incontinence they
cannot retain them.
The Invention consists of a bag or napkin made of indian-rubber or
vulcanised indian-rubber, with a series of pouches or reservoirs connected
therewith, and fastened round the hips with an elastic belt lacing in front.
The bag or napkin contains the several pouches or reservoirs attached to
the front, bottom, and behind, and made to fit closely to the body; the
pouches drop down and form reservoirs from one to three inches deep,
according to the size or age of the wearer.
The bag or napkin for children (not infants) is divided into halves at the
top, the hinder part and front meeting over the hips. The elastic belt is
fastened upon the bag along the hinder half, and passes through a loop; on
each side of the front half there is a projecting flat pouch or reservoir running

page_text: along the base, and connected therewith are two or three pouches dropping
down in front and one other behind. The front and hinder parts of the bag
meet over the hips and encircle the legs, and a long shallow reservoir or
pocket is sometimes made near the edge of the bag & running nearly parallel
with the reservoir at the base, and the edge of the bag is made to turn over
inside to form a folding lid or flap.
The bag or napkin for infants is smaller than that for children, and is made
without the reservoirs round the leg, but retains the folding lid.
The bag or napkin for female adults is also without the reservoirs round the
leg, and retains the folding lid, and has two reservoirs in front.
The Invention for male adults is similar to that for the female, except that
the front reservoir is carried up higher and forms a larger receptacle, the two
front pouches being divided at the bottom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BROOMS AND BRUSHES
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Ludford at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st July 1856.
I, WILLIAM HENRY LUDFORD, of Tredworth, in the County of Gloucester-
shire, Brush Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BROOMS AND BRUSHES," to be as
follows:-
My said Invention consists in a peculiar mode of arranging and fixing hair,
bristles, fibre, or like materials in the heads or stocks of brushes and brooms.
I make a groove in the face of the head or stock, into which I run the glue,
pitch, or other adhesive matter; and having arranged the required quantity of
bristles or fibre on a suitable plate or bar, over which another plate or bar can
be laid and clamped or screwed thereto to hold the same in temporary position,
I am enabled to insert into each groove successively the entire quantity re-
quisite to fill the same, and so on throughout, until each groove is similarly sup-
plied; the ends of the heads may be closed with wood or by other convenient
A like result may be obtained by laying a series of laths beside each
other the required length of the stock, and facing the back of each stock with
wood.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ANCHORS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Rowe Cheshire and Joseph
Betteley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 10th June 1856.
We, CHARLES ROWE CHESHIRE, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Anchor Manufacturer, and JOSEPH BETTELEY, of the same Place, Anchor
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ANCHORS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of anchors,
having a joint connecting the "shank" to the "arms" of the anchor, and
consists of forming the arms of solid iron, having a hole in the centre to allow
the shank to pass through, and is there connected by a bolt passing through
both arms and shank, the hole in the arms being sufficiently large to allow the
arms to work, as in the auchor known as "Porter's." The shank and arms
are formed with projections or enlargements at the throat or crown end,
sufficiently large to prevent the arms from turning beyond a limited distancė,
so as to prevent the arm or palm of the anchor resting on the shank. The
anchor arms are formed in one piece, having a hole in the centre for the shank
to pass through. It is also proposed to make arms of two separate pieces, that
is to say, one part or piece forming a complete arm with its palm, the tennon
of the arm being sufficiently long to connect it to the other arm, so that when
both are pieced together at the tennon ends there is formed what is called
double solid arms, having the hole for the shank to pass through.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING SULPHUR AND METALS FROM CERTAIN ORES AND OTHER COMPOUNDS OF METALS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Gossage at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th August
1856.
I, WILLIAM GOSSAGE, of Widnes, in the County of Lancaster, Chemist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OBTAINING SULPHUR AND METALS FROM CERTAIN ORES AND OTHER COMPOUNDS OF
METALS," to be as follows:-
The ores and other compounds of metals to which my Invention is appli-
cable are those which contain sulphur in a state of combination with iron,
Some
copper, or lead, forming sulphuret of one or more of such metals.
of these are found as natural productions, and others are products of chemical
or metallurgical processes or operations.
The methods by which sulphur and metals have hitherto been obtained
from such compounds are based upon the oxydizing action of atmospherical
air in contact with the surface of the compound subjected to operation, such
action being usually assisted by the application of artificial heat.
By means of my improvements I apply atmospherical air to the compound
of sulphur and metal, which I subject to operation for the purpose of ex-
tracting sulphur and metal therefrom whilst such compound is in a state of
fluidity caused by heat, and in such manner that the atmospherical air, so
applied, is caused to bubble through the said fluid compound, whereby oxygen
contained in such atmospherical air becomes rapidly combined with sulphur of

page_text: the metallic sulphuret, evolving much heat by such combination, and pro-
ducing sulphurous acid, which, passing off in a gaseous state, leaves the metal
deprived of much sulphur, and therefore suitable for use either directly or
after subsequent purification or refining.
MENTS IN CASINGS FOR FENCING HORIZONTAL SHAFTS
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Holcroft and James Peacock
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 23rd January 1856.
- We, GEORGE HOLCROFT, of the City of Manchester, Consulting Engineer,
and JAMES PEACOCK, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanical
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CASINGS FOR FENCING HORIZONTAL SHAFTS, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in fencing shafts by means of tubular casings, made
of wood, iron, or any other suitable material, and supported by the shaft itself.
These casings have suitable flanges or guards to prevent the strap from coming
in contact with the pulleys on the shaft; the said casings are kept from
revolving with the shaft by a preponderance of weight on the under side of the
casings; the casings and guards are carried by suitable bearings at each
extremity resting on the shaft, thereby preventing the accumulation of fly or
other inflammable material within the casings.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CLOD-CRUSHERS OR ROLLERS FOR ROLLING, PULVERISING, OR PRESSING LAND
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Day at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd May
1856.
I, WILLIAM DAY, of Campbell Road, Bow Road, in the County of Middle-
sex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CLOD-CRUSHERS OR ROLLERS FOR ROLLING, PULVERISING, OR PRESSING LAND," to be
as follows:-
Before proceeding to describe my Invention, it is necessary to state that
plain cylinders or ring rollers, as hitherto constructed for crushing clods, do
not sufficiently penetrate and crush the clods immediately below the surface,
the upper surface only being pulverized or partly pulverized, whereas serrated
rollers, as hitherto constructed, reduce large clods to smaller clods, frequently
about the size of a hen's egg, and do not leave the surface so fine as the
cylinder rollers. My improvements enable a single axle roller to combine the
advantages of deep crushing with fine surface pulverisation, and also combines
an abrading or clod-grinding action together with the self-cleaning motion of
each alternate roller part.
My improvements consist in making use of narrow-edged discs, parts, or
cylinders, so arranged as to work side by side with other broad-faced cylinders,
parts, or discs, upon the same shaft or axle.

page_text: The narrow discs may be serrated or otherwise, but I prefer to use them
with serrated edges for penetrating large clods or lumps, and placed side by
side with broader faced cylinders, having plain or nearly plain faces; and by
having the centre holes of the latter made larger than the others, I combine
a more effectual method of crushing and pulverizing with an abrading and
self-cleaning action in the same roller.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ELECTRIC CLOCKS OR TIMEKEEPERS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard van Hees at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th September
1856. A Communication from Raymond Kammerer, of Ostend.
I, RICHARD VAN HEES, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ELECTRIC CLOCKS OR TIMEKEEPERS,"
munication from Raymond Kammerer, of Ostend,) to be as follows:-
The dial of the clock is made of glass, and the parts which connect the
fingers with the working parts of the clock are also made of glass, so as to
allow of the clock being illuminated without casting any shadow upon the
dial. At the back of the dial are secured two pieces of glass, to which are
fixed two ordinary electro-magnets. The electro-magnets are placed oppo-
site to each other upon the glass plates, the free ends of the iron cores
of the magnets being placed sufficiently far apart to allow the pendulum to
oscillate between them, the distance being regulated by adjusting screws.
To the pendulum of the clock is attached a piece of magnetised metal,
which is alternately attracted and repulsed by one or other of the electro-
magnets (when the wires are connected to a battery) as the contact is
alternately made and broken. The pendulum is connected to the escapement,
by which the wheels which drive the hands of the clock are actuated. The

page_text: escapement wheel may be driven either by an "anchor," or by two pawls
acting against the teeth of the wheel. In order to reverse the current of
electricity from the positive to the negative pole, and vice versâ, a small ivory
cylinder is placed upon the arbor of the escapement wheel. At each end of
this cylinder a small disc of metal is fitted, having two narrow strips of metal
projecting from each, being so arranged that the strips alternate, and are
equidistant from each other. Two light springs connected with the wires of
the battery press upon the discs, and two similar springs connected with the
electro-magnets are fitted so as to press alternately upon the metal strips.
As the ivory cylinder rotates with the arbor of the escapement wheel the
contact is thus alternately made and broken, and the pendulum is thereby
alternately attracted and repulsed by each electro-magnet, thus imparting a
constant forward motion to the hands of the clock.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR ADMINISTERING VAPOR AND DOUCHE BATHS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Barter at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th January
1856.
I, THOMAS BARTER, of IIart Street, in the County of Middlesex, Medical
Rubber and Bathman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR ADMINISTERING VAPOR AND DOUCHE BATHS"
to be as follows:-
My apparatus consists of a dome-shaped vessel for containing water, into
the upper part of which is soldered or otherwise fitted a collar, ground true on
the inside. Into this collar I drop a stop-cock, the lower part of which is also
ground, to fit the inside of the collar. The upper end of the stop-cock is fur-
nished with a pin, whilo a rose or perforated spreader is cut with a vertical and
horizontal slot, which, on being placed on the stop-cock, forms with the pin a
bayonet joint. A screw might be substituted for this joint. When for admi-
nistering a douche bath, instead of the rose or spreader I fit telescopic tubes,
carrying a a spreader at their further end, and fitted with suitable joints, whereby
the douche may be directed upon any required part of the body. The rose I
employ with the vapour bath is perforated all round the sides, but I do not find
it advisable to perforate the top, as the vapour, if allowed to issue upwards in a
direct stream, might inconvenience the person using the bath. The stop-cock
by merely dropping into its seat is sufficiently tight to bear a moderate pres-
sure of steam, but should the pressure ever exceed that which the vessel can

page_text: safely resist, the stop-cock acts as a safety valve and is blown out of its seat.
I drop the vessel into a suitable frame, into which I fit a spirit lamp, and I
make the lower rim of the water vessel descend below the bottom plate thereof,
in order to obtain the greatest advantage of the heat from the lamp. Although
I mention particularly a spirit lamp, I merely do so as being the best, in my
opinion, suited for the purpose; but any other heating medium may be
employed.
AN IMPROVED HANDLE FOR DESKS, DEED AND DESPATCH BOXES, BAGS, FURNITURE, AND OTHER ARTICLES TO WHICH HANDLES ARE APPLIED
Year: 1856

page_text: This Invention received
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philipp Schäfer and Frederick
Schäfer at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 27th October 1856.
We, PHILIPP SCHÄFER and FREDERICK SCHÄFER, both of Brewer Street, in the
County of Middlesex, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED HANDLE FOR DESKS, DEED AND DESPATCH BOXES,
BAGS, FURNITURE, AND OTHER ARTICLES TO WHICH HANDLES ARE APPLIED," to be
as follows:-
The object of our invention is to manufacture a handle which, when released,
shall lie flush with the surface of the article to which it is applied. The
handle is formed of leather or other like suitable material, and lies in a case,
recess, or hollow made for its reception, of such depth as that when the handle
is at rest it shall be flush with the sides of the case or recess. The two ends
of the handle work through a groove or slot at each end of the case, and
are stopped from advancing beyond a certain distance, and to each end or
along the length of the handle we fit a spring or springs, or not, as may be
found necessary. To use the handle it is seized by the finger and thumb
about the centre, and drawn out, when a firm hold for the band will be
presented; on the hand being withdrawn, if the handle is fitted with springs,
they will draw it down into its recess or case, and where no springs are
employed, slight pressure with the finger or hand will force it into the recess
and make it lie flush with the sides thereof.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR FOLDING AND MEASURING FABRICS
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Ryder, of Bolton-le-Moors, in the County
of Lancaster, Auctioneer and General Agent, and Daniel Bentley, of
the same Place, Millwright, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR FOLDING AND MEASURING FABRICS."
Sealed the 6th January 1857, and dated the 19th July 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Ryder and Daniel
Bentley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 19th July 1856.
We, JAMES RYDER, of Bolton-le-Moors, in the County of Lancaster,
Auctioneer and General Agent, and DANIEL BENTLEY, of the same Place, Mill-
wright, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR FOLDING AND MEASURING FABRICS," to be as
follows:-
The nature of our Invention consists in the application of two chambers in
which a partial vacuum is formed alternately; these chambers are furnished
with adjustable spouts placed at the distance apart at which it is desired to
measure the fabric; the fabric is guided between rails fixed into the ends of
two vibrating levers. When the machine is at work the fabric is conveyed

page_text: alternately over each spout, through which openings are formed for the ad-
mission of air. When the partial vacuum is formed in one of the chambers,
the fabric is drawn over the said openings and held by the current of air
until the guide rails have commenced_their motion towards the other chamber,
at which time a holder is brought down against a straight edge to hold the
fabric. Each chamber acts in the same manner on the fabric, which is deposited
on a table, and this table is gradually lowered until a sufficient quantity of fabric
has been folded down and measured. As it is requisite to keep one selvage of
the fabric true, we apply a small fan at one end of each spout, which is made
to revolve by the air when the fabric does not come true, and this fan in
revolving gives motion to a pinion acting on a rack made on the straight edge,
thereby taking the straight edge with the fabric towards the line of the selvage.
This motion may also be accomplished by an apparatus similar to the weft
fork used in looms for weaving, or by other means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MANGLES
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Barber at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd March
1856.
I, EDMUND BARBER, of Tring, Hertfordshire, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN MANGLES, to be as follows:-
My first form of mangle consists of a cylinder or drum (fixed in standards),
in the interior of which a series of rollers, working round a spindle and sup-
ported at either end by a grooved disc, are caused to rotate, and to which
pressure is applied by a spring moveable slide or other known mechanical
appliance.
The second form of mangle consists of a drum or cylinder, suitably sup-
ported, around which a series of rollers are caused to rotate, and to which
pressure is applied in a similar manner to that above described.
And my third form consists of four rollers revolving in grooved standards.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS IN ASCENDING AND DESCENDING SHAFTS OF MINES
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Armstrong Bates at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
June 1856.
I, GEORGE ARMSTRONG BATES, of Wigan, in the County of Lancaster,
Mineral Surveyor, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS IN ASCENDING
AND DESCENDING SHAFTS OF MINES," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in a novel application and arrangement of
sustaining bolts or bars, to be used in connection with the guide or conducting
rods in the shafts of mines, in such a manner that any accident which may
arise or occur from the breakage or absence of the winding rope may be
instantly provided for, or arrested by the action of such sustaining bolts or
bars at once securing the "cage" in any situation in the shaft in which it
may be. These spring bolts are affixed upon the under or inside of the roof
or covering of the "cage," and are projected by means of springs from each
end of the "cage" outwards towards the walls of the shaft, upon which are
fixed the conducting rods, extending from the top to the bottom of the shaft,
and down which the "cage" is conducted. The face or outer plane of these
conducting rods are recessed in wedge-shaped-notches (forming steps or
bearings about a foot or so apart) continuously from end to end, which are

page_text: for the reception of the bolts when any accident or other requirement occurs.
The bolts are connected together by means of a chain or band, the middle of
which is drawn through the centre of the roof of the cage, and between two
friction or guide pulleys secured thereto, at which part it is attached by a
hook or otherwise to the winding rope, band, or chain. It will now be
evident that when the full weight and strain of the "cage" is exerted upon
the winding rope, the bolt springs will be compressed and the bolts drawn
inwards from the .notched.face.of. the conducting rods, thus allowing the
"cage" to ascend.or.descend. freely, but upon the event of the rope breaking,
slipping off the winding drum, or other such accident occurring, the springs
will be released from the compression by the weight of the "cage," and will
instantly shoot out or project the bolts into the recesses formed in the con-
ducting rods, and thus arrest the progress of the "cage," and prevent its
being precipitated down the shaft of the. mine. I also propose, in order to
lessen the jerk or concussion arising from the sudden stoppage of the "cage,"
to place a yielding spring, or "buffer" above, the bolt, which will give way
slightly, and thereby check or diminish the shock.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FLYERS USED IN SPINNING MACHINERY
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Bennett and Wilfred
Preston Dugdale at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 21st February 1856.
We, THOMAS BENNETT and WILFRED PRESTON DUGDALE, of Farnworth, in
the County of Lancaster, Spindle & Flyer Manufacturers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN FLYERS USED IN
SPINNING MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
We attach a rod or spindle to the presser of the flyer which extends in a
parallel line with the tube arm, and nearly to or to the top thereof. At the
top and bottom of the said arm we fix brackets with holes for the said rod to
turn in. At or on the top of the said rod or spindle, and just under the top
bracket, we fix a coil spring, and on the extreme top of the said rod or spindle,
and above the top bracket, we fix a stud with teeth on part of it, forming a
partial pinion. To the said bracket we also fix a weight turning on a pivot,
the said weight having a sufficient number of teeth to work into the aforesaid
pinion, thus forming a rack and pinion, so that as the aforesaid presser
moved by the pressure of the sliver, it will turn the vertical rod and spindle,
which, acting upon the said weight by means of the rack and pinion, and
adjusted by means of the aforesaid spring, causes a perfectly counterbalance
pressure, or keeps it steady and balanced during its rapid revolution throughout
the bobbin.
is
LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTING IN OIL AND VARNISH COLOURS AND METAL, ON GLASS, WOOD, PAPIER MÂCHÉ, MARBLE, METAL, PORCELAIN, OR ANY OTHER MATERIAL THAT OFFERS A SUITABLE SURFACE
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Gustavus Gottgetreu at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
August 1856.
I, CHARLES GUSTAVUS GOTTGETREU, 41, Charterhouse Square, London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTING
IN OIL AND VARNISH COLOURS AND METAL, ON GLASS, WOOD, PAPIER MÂCHÉ,
MARBLE, METAL, PORCELAIN, OR ANY OTHER MATERIAL THAT OFFERS A SUITABLE
SURFACE," to be as follows :-
I print as many colors, as also metals, as bronze, silver, or gold, in suc-
cessive operations, as a subject may require, on paper which has undergone a
preparation with various gums invented by me for this purpose. After being
printed, the paper is fixed by rubbing to the glass, or to any other material that
presents a good even surface; and the paper is easily removed by being pulled
off in a damp state, leaving the complete printing of colors and metal sticking
to the glass, &c. Hitherto only one black lithographic or copper-plate printing
has been fixed to glass, &c. in the usual manner with paste, and it has then
been coloured by hand; instead of which, my process transfers to glass, &c.
eight or ten printings all at one time, and produces a far superior and novel
article.
The printing, almost immediately after being transferred, is so solid that any
varnish or color for coating may be applied to it with injuring the design.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTOUCHE AND PERCUSSION CAP POUCHES
Year: 1856

page_text: This Invention received Provisional
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Frederick Dennet and
George Pays at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 21st February 1856.
We, CHARLES FREDERICK DENNET, of Lansdowne Villas, Kensington Park,
in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, and GEORGE PAYS, of 260, Oxford
Street, in the same County, Army Contractor, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTOUCHE AND PERCUSSION CAP
POUCHES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved form of cap and cartouch pouch
combined, whereby a convenient and more capacious receptacle for cartridges
and caps is obtained without increasing the size of the pouch, the main
feature in the Invention being the use of circular cells or receptacles for the
cartridges. The pouch consists of a tin or japanned metal box, fitted with a
curved hinged metal lid, and divided internally into two separate compart-
ments, the smaller one serving as a receptacle for caps, and the larger one is
subdivided into a number of circular chambers or cells, each cell being just
large enough to hold a single cartridge. The cap chamber is divided hori-
zontally into two compartments by a lid hinged horizontally about half-way
down one side. The reserve caps are kept in the bottom chamber, and those
for immediate use are kept in the upper chamber, the bottom of which is
formed by the horizontally hinged lid before referred to. The whole is enclosed

page_text: in a leather casing fitted with a tongue, which buttons over a stud or button
on the under side of the pouch. When intended for the infantry service,
the suspending strap or belt is passed through a loop'in the back of the pouch,
and when used for cavalry, the suspending straps are passed through loops on
the ends of the pouch.
SEPA- RATING METALS, METALLIC OXIDES, AND METALLIC ACIDS FROM THEIR ORES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Gybbon Spilsbury at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th April 1856.
I, FRANCIS GYBBON SPILSBURY, of Chaudfontaine, in the Kingdom of
Belgium, & of 56, Stones End, Borough of Southwark, near London,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "SEPA-
RATING METALS, METALLIC OXIDES, AND METALLIC ACIDS FROM THEIR ORES, to be
as follows:-
I take the ore and mix it with a concentrated solution of caustic potash
or soda in water, and subject this mixture to continued ebullition in an iron
boiler, so constructed, that the operation may be performed under any degree
of pressure that may be judged desirable. When, as with ores of gold, the
metal is in the native state mixed with quarts, the action of the boiling
alkaline ley will dissolve the quartz & leave the metal as a residuum.
When, as in ores of tin, the metal is the state of oxide mixed with quartz, or
alumina or both, these will (under a properly regulated pressure) be dis-
solved by the boiling ley, & the oxide of the metal will be left in the residuum.
When, as in wolfram, an orc of tungsten, the metal is in the state of acid,
the boiling ley will dissolve the metallic acid & form a solution of it, in this
case "tungstate of alkali" leaving the oxides of iron, & manganese, & other
adventitious mixtures in the residuum.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING, CLEANING, DOUBLING, AND THROWING SILK, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY FOR ROVING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joshua Murgatroyd, of Stockport, in the County of
Chester, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR SPINNING, CLEANING, DOUBLING, AND THROWING SILK, PART OF WHICH
IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY FOR ROVING AND DOUBLING
COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 2nd January 1857, and dated the 4th November 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joshua Murgatroyd at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th November 1856.
I, JOSHUA MURGATROYD, of Stockport, in the County of Chester, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING, CLEANING, DOUBLING, AND THROWING SILK,
PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY FOR ROVING AND
DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, first, in an improved mode of communicating motion
to the spindles and bobbins of the machinery above referred to, whereby the
bands or belts usually employed are dispensed with; the spindles are driven

page_text: by upright shafts put in motion by a horizontal shaft and bevel wheels. Also
in the mode of driving spindles and bobbins, or either of them where upright
intermediate shafts are employed, so as to increase the number of spindles in
the frame without increasing the length thereof; this is effected by causing
the wheel or wheels on the upright shaft to gear into one or more wheels
attached to the spindles or bobbins, which are arranged in one or more rows.
Secondly, in the application of a drying apparatus to machines used in
winding or spinning silk from the cocoon for the purpose of drying the thread
before it is wound on the bobbin or spindle.
Thirdly, in an improved apparatus for cleaning silk threads, consisting of an
instrument having narrow openings through which the threads pass; this
instrument is secured to a lever or spring connected to a catch box or friction
box, or to the spindle; when a knot or other impurity comes against the
cleaner the position thereof is changed, and the spindle or bobbin on which the
thread is being wound is stopped. This improved apparatus for cleaning may
be applied to the doubling or throwing frame so as to effect the cleaning and
doubling or throwing at one operation, or it may be used separately. By
causing the thread to pass over a weighted lever or other instrument, the
friction or clutch box may be thrown out of gear so as to stop the spindle or
bobbin in the event of a thread breaking.
A MACHINE FOR PULVERIZING, CRUSHING, PRESSING, AND CLEANING LAND
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Collins at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th March
1856.
JOHN COLLINS, Architect, of Birmingham, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention of A MACHINE FOR PULVERIZING, CRUSHING, PRESSING, AND
CLEANING LAND, to be as follows:-
The object to be effected by this Invention is to pulverize, or move and
crush, large clods or substances of earth, so as to render the same a fine and
serviceable tilth, fitted for the reception of the seeds or roots to be planted in
the land; to press or roll young crops of wheat, or other grain or root crops,
and pasture lands, in order to consolidate such portions of earth that may be
in contact with the roots of the wheat and other grain, roots, or pasture;
likewise to destroy such insects that may injure the said crops, and to clean
or free the land from such vegetable or other substances that may prevent
the proper growth of such crops that may be planted on the land. The
means I intend to provide and employ for and in the accomplishment of the
objects herein stated are as follows:-
First, the application of one, two, or more cylinders, of a ribbed or cor-
rugated form and surface, the same to be placed on a horizontal shaft or
spindle, and to move round the same, as shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 on
the accompanying sketch.
Secondly, the application of certain rings or discs, to be coupled or bolted

page_text: together by a number of bars or rods, so as to form one continuous cylinder
or barrel, such rings or discs to have ribs, tines, or other projections of metal,
the said rings or discs to be of any convenient or required number, and as
shown on Figures 5 and 6 on the accompanying sketch.
Thirdly, the application of certain rails, bars, or other projections for
cleaning the said rings, discs, cylinders, or barrels, as herein stated, and shown
in Figures 1 and 2 on the accompanying sketch.
Fourthly, the application of metal tines or rakes, for the purposes of moving
and cleaning the land, such tines or rakes to be placed in the front of any
rings, discs, cylinders, or barrels, as herein provided, or to follow the same, as
shown in Figure 1 on the accompanying sketch.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS. IN MACHINERY FOR CARDING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1856

page_text: nvention re
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bernoulli Barlow at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition on the 4th.
January 1856.-A communication.
1, HENRY BERNOULLI BARLOW, of the City of Manchester, Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS.
IN MACHINERY FOR CARDING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, a commu-
nication from Camille De Bast, of Ghent, in the Kingdom of Belgium, to be
as follows:-
The nature of this Invention consists in making carding engines sufficiently
wide to admit of two laps made on the ordinary blower lap machine being
placed at the feeding end of the carding engine. The cotton or other fibrous
substance from these two laps is carded in the ordinary manner in passing:
through the machine, and is formed into one sliver.
The advantages are, economy in construction, in space, in attendance, in
power and apparatus for driving, in lubricating, and in grinding.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING RIVETS, BOLTS, SPIKES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Elliott at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th December
1856.
I, JOHN ELLIOTT, of Sunderland, in the County of Durham, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY
FOR MANUFACTURING RIVETS, BOLTS, SPIKES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be
as follows:-
My Invention of "Improved Machinery for Manufacturing Rivets, Bolts,
Spikes, and other similar Articles" relates to a novel plan of forming these
and other small articles from rod or bar iron by means of a rolling operation.
In carrying out my Invention, the rod or bar iron of suitable thickness,
according to the size or dimensions of the rivets, bolts, spikes, or other small
articles intended to be produced, is heated in a furnace, conveniently arranged
for the purpose. The heated bar or rod when taken from the furnace is cut
up into suitable lengths to form one article. These pieces are fed into the
machine in couples, one being operated upon on each side of the machine,
which consists principally of a heavy metal roller mounted in bearings, and
caused to rotate at a suitable speed, according to the nature of the article to
be produced. This roller has the edge on each side cut away or recessed
to such a depth as will be necessary to form the head of the bolt, rivet, spike,

page_text: or other small article, and the roller is enclosed at its under side in a stationary
concave bed, so arranged in reference to the roller, that the space between the
bed and the roller gradually diminishes from the point where the blanks are
put in to the exit where the manufactured articles are delivered. The size of
the iron rod or bar which I prefer to employ to produce rivets, for instance,
must be equal to the size of the head of the rivet intended to be produced, so
that the rolling operation will be in a great measure confined to reducing the
shank of the article to the proper dimensions by elongating the same, the head
remaining of the original size of the bar or rod of iron. The blanks being fed
into the machine in couples, one on each side of the roller, they will be rolled
round and round by the latter on the stationary concave bed until the shank
is reduced in diameter, and increased in length in a corresponding degree, the
complete articles being delivered in pairs at the opposite end of the machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HATS AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD
Year: 1856

page_text: was not given
prescried
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Rohead at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th June
1856.
I, JOHN ROHEAD, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Hat Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HATS AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD," to be as follows,
that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the arrangement and construction of hats and other
coverings for the head, in such manner that a complete and comfortable fit
upon the head is secured, in combination with free and thorough ventilation
for carrying off the heat arising from perspiration.
In hats made according to this Invention, the lining or fitting piece, which
embraces the head, is made somewhat less in diameter than the hat body; but,
instead of being inflexibly attached to the hat body, it, together with an internal
diaphragm or stiff lining piece behind it, is attached loosely and flexibly to the
body at the part where the brim joins the main cylinder or body part of the
hat. This junction is effected by an interposed strip of gimp or other open
flexible material, which is sewn or otherwise attached to the bottom edge of
the lining and its internal diaphragm, and to the hat body at the angle formed
by the junction of the latter with the-brim. -

page_text: This system of attaching the lining or fitting part answers the double purpose
of giving a very soft clastic fit to the head, whilst at the same time the per-
meability of the gimp or material employed for connecting the lining to the
body, allows of the free passage of the external air up from below and into the
space left between the lining and the body. In this way the cold air current
carries off the heat through the usual ventilating aperture in the centre of the
The fitting lining, together with its internal diaphragm, is perforated,
to allow of the escape of the heat of perspiration from the head into the body
of the hat, and thence through the crown ventilator.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CLEANSING CASKS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Cliff at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th March 1856.
I, JAMES CLIFF, of Burton-upon-Trent, in the County of Stafford, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR CLEANSING CASKS, "to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of certain frames in which casks are suspended after
having had placed in them water and brushes or other cleansing agents, and
in which the casks are made to partake simultaneously of to-and-fro and
rotary motions, whereby the water and cleansing agents are thrown into the
angles and over every part of the internal surface of the casks.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT TO BE USED IN TILLING THE LAND
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Lawes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th October
1856..
I, THOMAS LAWES, of 32, City Road, in the County of Middlesex, Feather
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT TO BE USED IN TILLING THE
LAND," to be as follows (that is to say):-
My Invention, which has reference to a method of raising or lowering the
cylinder containing the tines or teeth of a machine employed for tilling or
digging the land, so as to discontinue the operation of digging, or enable the
machine to be turned round when necessary, consists of a framework of wood,
enclosing an iron cylinder, provided with arms at each end, through the centre
of which an horizontal shaft or axle passes, supported on suitable bearings
attached to the frame, the entire surface or periphery of the said cylinder being
provided with tines; an eccentric wheel firmly keyed on each end of the
shaft being employed for the purpose of raising or lowering the machine
when necessary, and provided with small running wheels on that part of each
eccentric which is farthest from the shaft or axle. When the machine is
required to be raised or lowered, the eccentric wheels and running wheels,
which are firmly locked, and remain at the upper portion of the apparatus
whilst at work, are released through the medium of a clutch or coupling box,
so as to perform half a revolution on the machine being put in motion, and
thus be brought to the lower part of the cylinder, and cause the tines to be
raised a sufficient distance from the earth.
IMPROVEMENT IN AN APPARATUS FOR GENERATING STEAM FOR MEDICAL AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Coxeter at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th January 1856.
T, JAMES COXETER, of Number 23, Grafton Street East, in the Parish of
Saint Pancras, in the County of Middlesex, Surgeon's Instrument Maker, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for AN IMPROVEMENT IN AN
APPARATUS FOR GENERATING STEAM FOR MEDICAL AND OTHER PURPOSES, to be
as follows:
a is a cistern, made of copper, tin, or other metal, for containing cold water;
bis a steam chamber; c is a wrought-iron pipe or cylinder, screwed on to the
chamber b, and closed at the lower extremity by a cap; d, a tube fixed at the
apex of the cistern a, and inserted in pipe c; e, a fine tube, inserted in tubo d
at the apex of the cistern; f, exit pipe for carrying off the steam. The
apparatus is placed in front of any common fire, and held there by two small
hooks, the iron tube c being pushed into the fire, so as to become heated.
Water is put into the cistern a, at the bottom of which is a fine opening,
through which the water will pass by drops only into the fine tube e, and
thence through the tube d, into the lower or hottest part of the iron tube c.

page_text: The water is immediately converted into steam, which rushes through the
chamber b, to the exit pipe f, and by connecting an elastic or other tube the
steam may be conveyed to any distance, and may be applied to medical and
various other purposes.
A NEW OR IMPROVED FELTED FABRIC
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th November 1856.-A communication.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW OR IMPROVED FELTED FABRIC," (communicated to me by F. Durand,
a foreigner residing abroad,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the manufacture of a new or improved fabric in
the following manner :-The fleece or cardings are collected as they are
delivered from the carding engine, and a number of them placed in layers,
one over the other, until a web or sort of wad of the desired thickness is
obtained, which is pressed between rollers, and the layers and filaments united
together by sewing. The fabric is then fulled or felted and finished in the
usual manner.
Articles having the appearance of seamless fabrics may be manufactured
with this fabric by cutting out the parts from the web after the layers of cloth
have been united as described, and then stitching the parts together into the
proper shape with threads of carded wool, and next fulling the fabric, when the
woollen threads will be fulled in with the cloth, and an apparently seamless
article produced.

page_text: To manufacture hats, caps, shoes, and other articles, a canvas back or
ground may bo added to the fabric manufactured, as described, and a nap or
pile stitched thereon, and the whole fulled or felted.