THE MANUFAC TURING OF BRICKS, PIPES, TILES, IMITATION STONE, AND PEAT BRICKS FOR FUEL BY THE MEANS OF A MACHINE AND ARRANGEMENTS OF PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION TITLED A ALLAR AND
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Wills Uren, of Walkhampton, in the
County of Devon, Engineer, for an Invention for "THE MANUFAC
TURING OF BRICKS, PIPES, TILES, IMITATION STONE, AND PEAT BRICKS
FOR FUEL BY THE MEANS OF A MACHINE AND ARRANGEMENTS OF
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Wills Uren-
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 13th January 1853.
I, EDWARD WILLS UREN, of Walkhampton, in the County of Devon,
shire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE
MANUFACTURING OF BRICKS, PIPES, TILES, IMITATION STONE, AND PEAT
BRICKS FOR FUEL BY THE MEANS OF A MACHINE AND. ABRANGEMENTS OF
MACHINERY TITLED A CENTRAL CIRCULAR AND HORIZONTAL MOTION," to be
as follows:-
The machine is formed of a cylinder of cither metal or wood, with
from six io ten, more or less, holes in the side at the bottom for the clay
to be pressed through into chambers or boxes; the boxes are fixed to

page_text: the cylinder from the inside of the of the cylinder, then pressed through
die plates on receiving tables or into moulds for the form or pattern the
goods are to be made of when manufactured. The cylinder is also fixed
on a plate at the bottom with the required fastenings to secure all firm
together; up through the centre of the cylinder or pug-mill is an iron
shaft which revolves with a crank or wheel at the bottom; the upper
part of shaft has holes through for bars of iron to be fixed for the pur-
pose of puging the clay.to.a proper consistency before forced into the
slides for usc... On the top there are cross bars of iron, with a socket to
receive the top of shaft, and at the bottom of shaft a socket for shaft to
work in: There is a cone and scrapers fixed to the shaft for the pur-
pose of scraping and pressing the clay into the slides for forcing through
the die plates or into the moulds or otherwise on receiving tables, to
be cut off to their required lengtlis by the self-acting cutter. A plate
projects from bottom of cone, and revolves with it at regular intervals to
come on those slides, pressing out to prevent the clay from being forced
up when a heavy pressure is on the clay sectors, with and without cogs,
and a cog wheel is fastened to the shaft, and they revolve with the shaft
by their action on the small cog wheels, which work as nuts on the
screws, and the trucks on axles fastened to back of slides; the small
cog wheels work'd in boxes; these small cog wheels and truck wheels
are turned round forward-and backwards, which motion causes the clay
slides to press out the clay through the die plates, and in progression
the slides are drawn back to be refilled with clay by the scrapers of cone
which are in constant motion, by a connecting arm attached to the cranks
or wheel of shaft, from a driving power of either steam, water, horse, or
any other power of sufficient strength. The screws to back of slides
are worked by the cog wheels fitting on them as nuts on screws, and
worked forward & backward to force out the clay slides, and draw them
inwaril to be refilled. At the front aud on the clay boxes, and on top
of plate side of clay boxes, are fixed the self-acting clay cutters, with
either wires or slides screwed to the frames thereof for cutting the
clay to the required lengths; which self-acting cutters are worked by a
wheel fastened to the shaft with an incline plane at proper distance.;
that when the wheels revolve with shaft and incline plane come in con-

page_text: tact with a small truck or wheel at the bottom of the counter balance
bar of cutter, the wheel or truck ascends the incline plane and presses the
bar up. The cutter presses down on the clay, and cuts the clay off' to the
lengths required, and immediately the truck passes over the incline, and
falls down, continually revolving until the incline comes in contact with
the next truck or wheel, & so on. The outer edge of this horizontal
wheel has cogs to work a small wheel attached to bottom of shaft, with
a wheel on top of the shaft, working a roller to haul up the waggons
over the incline railway with clay for filling pug-mill. This shaft is se-
cured to the cylinder and plate below. There are screws forcers for forc-
ing the clay through the cylinders after being pugged in the pug-mill.
into different moulds fastened to clay boxes in front, with die plates
attached for all kinds of imitation stone work, and under are the palate
boards on a frame, lifted by the assistance of springs and wheels fastened
on the plate and boxes above, which are pulled up with a spring, and as
one passes through the next self-engages to the hook of one going through,
and when the palate board and the clay is pressed through, the small
bolt is hauled out, which disengages the palate boards, and then is
removed the imitation stone thereon, to be taken to drying place &
dried; also the moulds that are fasten'd to front of clay boxes to receive
the clay for all kinds of patterns of imitation stone, after pressed full,
are removed the same way. A plate of bars of iron is fixed in the
pug-mill to prevent the clay from laying too heavy on the cone. There
is a pipe to be fixed to cylinder for watering the clay, when re-
quired. The mill is fixed on-brackets on a frame. All the clay' is to be
excavated, and either wheeled into the machine with wheelbarrows, or
put into waggons and run to the machine on a railroad up the incline
plane to the top of the pugg-mill, which will be drawn up by an attach-
ment of gear to a wheel under the pug-mill, or otherwise filled. The
clay to be watered and sanded, and ashes put, if required, to be mixed
with the clay in proportions as required, as the clay is put in the pug-
mill, and there further mixed and tempered until fore'd out for use. The
machine will manufacture clay in imitation stone for every purpose that
stone is used for, in plain straight or plain circular, moulded or imita
tion carved work of every description that can be cast in or pressed, in

page_text: moulds; also for pressing peat into peat bricks for fuel; also imitation
head stones and tomb stones, with the inscription of every description,
plain, moulded, or carved, as may be required, and gravestones to cover
graves, or sides of graves; also coffins and covers; also chimney pieces
of every description, and chimney pots or tops of every description; also
ovens for baking bread of any size, and put together in different parts to
form the oven. This machine can be extended to a larger, or reduced
to a smaller size.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edward Wills Ureu in the Great Scal Patent
Office on the 12th July 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
EDWARD WILLS UREN, of Walkhampton, in the County of Devon,
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of January, in the year
of our Lord Oue thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the six-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Edward Wills Uren, Her special
licence that I, the said Edward Wills Uren, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Edward Wills
Uren, my exccutors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "THE MANUFACTURING OF BRICKS, PIPES, TILES, IMITATION STONE,
AND PEAT BRICKS FOR FUEL BY THE MEANS OF A MACHINE AND ARRANGE-
MENTS OF MACHINERY TITLED A CENTRAL CIRCULAR AND HORIZONTAL MOTION,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Edward Wills Uren
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
imanner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be

page_text: filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Wills Uren, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had
to the Drawings hereunto annexed, that is to say:
My Invention consists of a machine in which clay or other similar
plastic material is caused to enter into chambers by means of slides
arranged round the under part of a clay receiving cylinder, into which
the clay is forced by a cone carrying a set of screw blades, and then into
and through moulds fitted to the outside of the chambers. The slides
are caused to advance and discharge their contents through the cham-
bers into moulds or dics, and are then drawn back to receive a fresh.
supply. Cutters worked by a wheel on the main shaft of the machine
divide the materials on issuing from the moulds into such lengths as
may be required. The machine is particularly applicable to the manu-
facturing of bricks, pipes, tiles, imitation or artificial stone, also for the
manufacture of peat bricks for fuel.
In the Drawings hereunto annexed similar letters refer to similar
parts of the machinery.
Figure 1, Sheet 1, is an elevation chiefly in section, and Figure 2,
Sheet 1, a plan on the line a, a, of Figure 1, a, is a stout shaft caused
to revolve by means of a crank or chain wheel P, connected to any prime
mover. The shaft is supported at bottom, and revolves in the socket r,
while at top it is supported in the socket, connected by arms to the
sides of the mill or cylinder o; o; b, b, knives or arms for pugging or
mixing the clay inserted through or connected to the shaft, and revolving
with it. c, is a cone keyed to the shaft a; it has affixed to it the screw
blades c', c, for forcing the clay into the boxes or slides hercin-after de-
scribed, and the rim c, for preventing the clay rising after being forced
by the slides. A plan of the cone blades and rim is given in Figure 1,
Shect 2. d, d, are the slides for receiving the clay from the cylinder, and
delivering it through boxes or chambers into the moulds.
The parti-.
cular shape of these slides will be better seen in the detached views,.

page_text: Figures 1, and 2, Sheet 3. A screw w, is fixed to the back of each slide.
This screw works through a small cog wheel t, which is supported in
the frame f, attached to the partition plate i, connected to the frame
plate 1, 1, mounted upon the supporting frames k, k, bolted to the
foundation plate, ; each cog wheel t, is tapped with a screw thread
inside, and receives a screw w, which it propels together with its corre-
sponding slide forward or backward on being acted upon by the toothed
wheel e, and segment e', which are keyed to, the shaft a. The wheel e,
is provided with teeth on portions only of its circumference, the inter-
vening portions being left plain or blank. The toothed segment e¹, is
so fitted to the shaft a, as to gear into the small cog wheels t, t, imme-
diately after or before (as the case may be) the teeth of wheel e, have.
geared into those of the cog wheel t. Thus the wheel e,.acting on the
cog wheel t, will propel the slides forward, and will then go out of gear;
the segment will.next gear into the cog wheel, and will consequently
draw it backward. m, m, die plates or moulds. n, n, boxes or chan-
bers through which the clay is pressed by the slides d, d, into the die
plates or moulds. Each mould is provided with a cutting apparatus,
shewn more clearly in the detached views, Figures 2, 3, and 4, Sheet 2.
, is a lever centred in the support g', on the top of the box n; the end
of its long arm terminates in an oblong slot g*, in. which the head of the
upright g³, g³, is free to slide on friction rollers when the lever is raised.
g, g, are guide rods connected by lugs to the upright g³, in order to pre-
serve its parallelism. 9, is a knife, wire, or blade held by and between
the two arms of the upright 93, 93. g, is a spring for keeping the long
ȧrin of the lever raised. 9', is a rod depending from an arm g³, which
is fitted into an eye in the short arm. of the lever g. This rod is pro-
vided at bottom with a friction roller, and is raised by means of inclines
fitted on a wheel 7, keyed to the shaft a.. On the revolution of this
wheel the inclines are brought successively in contact with the friction
rollers on the rod g, whereby the cutters are depressed, and the moulded
articles are cut off in the lengths required. By varying the number of
inclines and distances between them longer or shorter lengths will be
cut off. The wheel q, is shewn as toothed, but this will only be neces
sary if it should be required to work machinery for raising clay into the

page_text: cylinder or mill o, o. The articles after being moulded and cut, are
received on the tables h, h. Figuro 3, Sheet 1, is an elevation partly in
section, and Figure 4, Sheet 1, a plan partly on the line a, a, and
partly on the line y, y, of Figure 3, of a modification of the machine
herein-before described. The segment, e, is here dispensed with, and
the clay is received and pressed forward through the moulds by the
screw threads s; s, 'the wlicel e, being provided with teeth on the greater
part of its circumference. . s', is a bearing or frame for the outer end of
the screw to work in. The screw blades c', c', and rim c³, will not be
required to force the clay into the screw threads s, s. The blades or
scrapers b', 6', will be sufficient for that purpose. Figure 5, Sheet 2, is
partly a front and partly a side elevation, with three of the cutters
removed. Figures 6 to 19, Sheet 2, are sections of various forms of
moulds or dies; and Figures 20 to 28, views of different shaped articles
produced by the machine. In Sheet 3, u, u, shew. different forms of
dics or moulds connected to the boxes; when filled these moulds may be
removed and replaced by others. v, v, are pallet boards, supported upon
a table under the boxes. These boards slide-out to receive the moulded
material, and as fast as one is drawn-forward another rises by means of
a spring or springs upon the table, and engages itself into the board
immediately preceding it. I have also shewn at a, a cross bar, of which
there may be four or more, placed above the cone in order to prevent
the weight of material in the cylinder o, from pressing injuriously upon
the cone. Although in the description of the manner in which my
Invention may best be performed I have throughout alluded to clay
only as being pressed through the moulds, any plastic materials suitable
for the formation of artificial stone or for the manufacture of bricks for
fuel may be equally employed.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same may be best performed, I declare that I claim,—
First, the manufacturing of bricks, pipes, tiles, and imitation stone,
and of bricks for fuel by means of a machine in which the plastic
materials of which such articles are to be formed are forced from a
receiving cylinder or mill by means of a cone armed with screw blades

page_text: into boxes, and through moulds or dies, in the manner heroin-before
described.
Second, I claim the particular. arrangements of screws, wheels,
segments, and cogs for the purpose of propelling and withdrawing the
slides, as herein-before described.
Third, I claim the employment of the screws 8, 8, represented at
Figures 3, and 4, Sheet 1, of the Drawings hereunto annexed, for the
receiving of the plastic material, and forcing it through the dies or
moulds.
And, fourth, I claim the arrangements of levers and inclined planes
for cutting off the moulded materials into lengths, as hercin-before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Wills Uren, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eighth day of July, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-three.
EDWARD WILLS UREN. (L.S.)