IMPROVEMENTS, IN, WARMING THE INTERIOR OF RAILROAD AND OTHER CARRIAGES
Year: 1843

page_text: VIOLETTE'S SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FRANCOIS
CONSTANT MAGLOIRE VIOLETTE, of Leicester Square, in the County of Middlesex,
late Advocate, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twenty-second day of April, in the sixth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Francois Constant Magliore Violette, Her especial licence, full power, sole
privilege, and authority, that I, the said Francois Constant Magliore Violette,
my exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Francois Constant
Magliore Violette, my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS, IN, WARMING THE INTERIOR OF RAILROAD AND OTHER CARRIAGES,"
communicated to me by a certain foreigner residing abroad; in which said
Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that I, the said Francois Constant
Magliore Violette, shall cause a particular description of the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled
in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent,
as in and by the same, reference being. thereunto had, will more fully and at
large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Francois Constant Magloire, do hereby declare that the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference
being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters
marked thereon (that is to say):-
The nature of the said Invention consists in a mode of warming the interior
of carriages, by combining with the framing of carriages a case, running along
parallel with the seats of the carriages, and made level with the bottom of the
carriages. In this case, which is slightly arched, are placed one or more lamps,
which are supplied with oil or other combustible matter, which when burning
heats the upper part of the case, and the feet of the passengers by being placed
thereon become warmed, and by the radiation from the upper heated plate
the whole of the interior of the carriage becomes warmed. This new mode of
heating carriages presents the advantage of being free from all danger of the
carriages taking fire, and also the advantage of the lamp not requiring atten-
tion until the expiration of a journey, however long it may be; the quantity of
oil or other combustible matter that is consumed being so small, it may be
easily regulated. The heating apparatus has no other connection with the interior
of the carriage than by the heated plate upon which rests the feet of the
passengers, and it may be so arranged, either at the bottom or at the sides of
the carriages, so that the feet are brought in contact therewith. This apparatus
is intended to supply the place of the warm-water apparatus which is now
employed, to which it is preferable, by its lightness and absence of all incon-
venience, and it fulfils economically the object for which it is intended, by
warming the feet of the passengers, that part which is most sensible to cold.
The form of the apparatus may be varied, according to the description of the
carriage to which it is to be applied, whether to be used in an ordinary carriage
or upon a railroad carriage.
The Drawing No. 1 shews a railway carriage having the Invention applied
thereto, the doors of the carriage being removed in order that the nature
of the Invention may be more readily understood. The boards of the
carriage B are cut away in order that the warming apparatus may be placed
along the whole length of the seats; this apparatus is not placed above the
level of the boards or floor of the carriage. The lamps h, h, are easily
removed by pulling them downwards, and they are kept in the proper
position by means of washers or collars m, m, the nature of which will readily
be understood by examining the Drawing No. 2, Figure 9.

page_text: The Drawing No. 2, at Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, represent different views of
the apparatus for heating the plate to be brought in contact with the feet.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal elevation, and Figure 2 an end view of the apparatus.
Figure 3 is a section of Figure 1, and Figure 4 is a section of Figure 2, taken
through the lines 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the plan, shewn at Figure 5. The case A,
arranged for the coupé of the diligence, is arched at one part of its length, in
order that it should not touch the lower part of the framing of the springs, or
the framing of the carriage, in cases where the carriage is subject to the great
shocks from the inequalities of the road or other causes. In the lower part of
the ends of the apparatus are placed the lamps b, b, they being suitably con-
structed to receive them, and they are fixed thereon by any suitable means,
care being observed to have them securely fixed. In this arrangement the
lamps are put in at the sides; at each end there are doors c for this purpose,
which doors have spring-bolts applied thereto, by which they are readily
opened and shut. In order that the combustion of the lamp may be kept up
at whatever speed the carriages are going, there are a series of holes d, d,
placed along the sides of the case A, through which the atmospheric air enters
and supplies sufficient air to keep up the combustion; over these holes dis
placed a plate, to prevent the introduction of any injurious matter. The upper
part of the case A is of a slightly arched form to make it stronger; to prevent
the feet from slipping the surface is made rough or uneven. e, e, are openings
for the admission of air to assist the combustion of the lamps. One of these
lamps is shewn in the Drawings one-fourth of the natural size at Figures 6, 7,
and 8, which represent a vertical section and a plan of the upper and lower part
of the lamp. 9 is the reservoir for the oil, or other suitable combustible matter;
h is an outer case, placed concentric to the reservoir, a small distance from it;
in the space between the reservoir ġ and the outer case are small tubes i, which
project up to the upper part of the reservoir g, and through which tubes the
air passes to the burner in order to keep up the combustion. The wick.j is
raised or lowered by means of a screw k. The interior of the case A may be
heated by the employment of oil or other suitable matter. The Figure 9
shews an elevation of the case A, and Figure 10 a plan of the under part of it.
m, m, are tubes, placed under the case into which the lamps are placed. These
tubes are so arranged under the surface of the case so as to allow of a space
for the cross piece o. In these tubes m there is an opening p, for the purpose
of attaching to the sides of the lamp the pivot which regulates the suspension
of the lamp. Figure 11 shews the elevation of a lamp b, which is placed in
the inner part of the tube m, to heat the interior of the case A; it has a
recevoir for the oil or wick, and screw for regulating the wick. c, d, is the pin
g

page_text: or bolt for fixing it to the tube; e is a pipe through which the air passes to the
burner to keep up the combustion; g is a metallic chimney, which turns upon
hinges and is capable of being placed over the flame; by placing this chimney
over the flame the smoke is better consumed, and prevented from depositing
itself on the inner sides of the case A; the lower part of the lamp is made of
a pointed form, which facilitates the using of it. Figure 12 is an elevation,
and Figure 13 a plan, of another arrangement of lamp when the metal cover
is employed, having holes at the lower part, through which the air is supplied
to the burner. This lamp, which I prefer to be of a square form, is regulated
by means of the button i. The oil is supplied through the opening j, which is
closed by means of a cork or stopper; the reservoir for the oil is of a very
small capacity, in order that it may be used in cases where the height is not
.great. In introducing this lamp into such cases, the chimney 9 should be
lowered down, and placed up again when fixed in its proper position in the
:case..
Having thus described the nature of the Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself
to the precise details herein described, nor to the materials of which the parts
are constructed, nor to their application to any particular description of
carriage; but what I claim is, the mode of warming the interior of railroad
and other carriages, as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Francois Constant Magloire Violette, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Second day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-three.

page_text: and that he has examined the Specification of a Patent granted to Francois
Constant Magloire Violette, hereto annexed, and that he believes the signature
to be the signature and handwriting of the said Thomas Pickford, and that
he was the British Consul at the time such signature was made.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the oath of William Henry Ritchie,
the Specification aforesaid was enrolled, word for word, as above written.
And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of
the Statute made for that purpose.