IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO HANDLES AND OTHER LIKE FITTINGS FOR THE DOORS AND WINDOWS OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES, VEHICLES, AND OTHER STRUCTURES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Rowland Allen Warde, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO
HANDLES AND OTHER LIKE FITTINGS FOR THE DOORS AND WINDOWS OF
RAILWAY CARRIAGES, VEHICLES, AND OTHER STRUCTURES."
Scaled the 22nd August 1876, and dated the 6th March 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Rowland Allen Warde at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th March 1876.
"IMPROVE-
ROWLAND ALLEN WARDE, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
MENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO HANDLES AND OTHER LIKE FITTINGS FOR THE DOORS
AND WINDOWS OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES, VEHICLES, AND OTHER STRUCTURES."
Heretofore it has been the practice to manufacture the handles and other like
fittings for the doors and windows of railway carriages, vehicles, and other
structures of brass, iron, or other like raw metal. In some cases such handles and
other fittings have been electro-plated, lacquered, or otherwise coated. The defect
of handles and other fittings so constructed is that by exposure to the atmosphere
the metal becomes corroded, and constant cleaning is necessitated. In the case
of railway carriages this cleaning necessitates a large staff of workmen being
employed, also the fact of oil and grit or other substance being used for such
cleaning, the paint and varnish round the parts cleaned is destroyed, and thus a
shabby appearance is created.
Now my Invention has for its object the coating of such handles and other
fittings so that water alone will be sufficient for cleaning purposes, and consists in
the application of enamel as a coating for such metal handles and other metal
fittings of the doors, windows, and other like parts of railway carriages, vehicles,
and other structures.
In order that my Invention may be thoroughly understood I will describe a
process such as would be suitable for carrying my Invention into practice. The
enamel may be composed of white lead, arsenic, flint glass, saltpetre, borax, and
ground flint reduced to powder, fused and formed into cakes, and ground for use,
or any other suitable enamel may be used. The enamel may be applied to the
handles and other fittings by heat in the usual way, as practised in the manufacture
of dials and in the enamelling of pans, and other like utensils.
By the enamelling of the handles and other like fittings as before mentioned I
produce an entirely new article of manufacture of great utility and effecting a
Pasion 11

page_text: great saving in cost of production, as cheap metal, such as iron, may be substituted
for the foundation instead of brass, which is now almost exclusively used.
In the case of railway carriages my Invention is particularly applicable and
useful, as the handles, guard and hand rails, and other fittings, by being enamelled,
will enable much labour to be dispensed with, reduce the cost, and confer a benefit
on the public by increased cleanliness.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Rowland Allen Warde in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 4th
September 1876.
ROWLAND ALLEN WARDE, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
" IMPROVE-
MENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO HANDLES AND OTHER LIKE FITTINGS FOR THE DOORS
AND WINDOWS OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES, VEHICLES, AND OTHER STRUCTURES."
Heretofore it has been the practice to manufacture the handles and other like
fittings for the doors and windows of railway carriages, vehicles, and other
structures of brass, iron, or other like raw metal. In some cases such handles and
other fittings have been electro-plated, lacquered, or otherwise coated. The defect
of handles and other fittings so constructed is that by exposure to the atmosphere
the metal becomes corroded, and constant cleaning is necessitated. In the case of
railway carriages this cleaning necessitates a large staff of workinen being employed,
also the fact of oil and grit or other substance being used for such cleaning, the
paint and varnish round the parts cleaned is destroyed, and thus a shabby appear-
ance is created.
Now my Invention has for its object the conting of such handles and other
fittings so that water alone will be sufficient for cleaning purposes, and consists in
the application of enamel as a coating for such metal handles and other metal
fittings of the doors, windows, and other like parts of railway carriages, vehicles,
and other structures.
In order that my Invention may be thoroughly understood I will describe a
process such as would be suitable for carrying my Invention into practice. The
enamel may be composed of white lead, arsenic, flint glass, saltpetre, borax, and
ground flint reduced to powder, fused and formed into cakes, and ground for use,.
or any other suitable enamel may be used. The enamel may be applied to the
handles and other fittings by heat in the usual way, as practised in the manufacture
of dials and in the enamelling of pans, and other like utensils.
By the enamelling of the handles and other like fittings, as before mentioned, I
produce an entirely new article of manufacture of great utility and effecting a
great saving in cost of production, as cheap metal, such as iron, may be substituted
for the foundation instead of brass, which is now almost exclusively used.
In the case of railway carriages ny Invention is particularly applicable and
useful, as the handles, guard and hand rails, and other fittings, by being enamelled,
will enable much labour to be dispensed with, reduce the cost, and confer a benefit
on the public by increased cleanliness.
In witness whereof, I, the said Rowland Allen Warde, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Second day of September, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
ROWLAND ALLEN WARDE. (LS.)