Year: 1886

page_text: İ, EDWARD SELDEN TOWNSEND KENNEDY, of 716 East 13th Street, in the City,
County and State of New York, United States of America, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
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The object of this invention is to provide an improvement especially applicable
to vertical, oylindrical boilers having radiating tubes-boilers of the so-called
'porcupine" type the improvement being designed to effect very considerable
economies of fuel, to assure the quick making of steam, to prevent undue heating
of the boiler jacket, to insure a better circulation of water in this type of boiler,
to prevent "priming" and also to prevent the burning of the outer ends of the
tube and consequently to increase the durability of the latter and reduce the
frequency, and cost of repairs.
.
The invention consists, in combination with the boiler and its jacket, of
horizontal flame-deflectors of sequential or annular form, placed or fixed within
the boiler combustion chamber in position for protecting or shielding; as far as
may be desirable, the exposed ends of the tubes, and, at the same time deflecting
the heated products of combustion chiefly toward the boiler cylinder, all of which
will be hereinafter fully set forth.
Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of the
specification in which similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all
the figures.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a "porcupine" boiler showing my improved
deflector applied in several ways.
Figure 2 is a sectional elevation showing a metal deflector fixed in the brick
boiler jacket.
Figure 3 is a plan of the same.
Figure 4 is a sectional elevation showing a boiler set with a water jacket and
with hollow metal deflectors communicating with the jacket water space.
Figure 5 is a plan of the same.
Figure 6 is a sectional elevation showing deflectora riveted to the boiler cylinder.
Figure 7 is a plan of the same.
Figure 8 is a sectional elevation showing two or more segmental deflectors
forming a ring resting on the hollow tubes.
Figure 9 is a plan of the same.

page_text: Figure 11s a sectional elevation showing my improved denector suspena fo
the boiler tubes.
Figure 11 is a plan of the same.
Figure 12 is a sectional elevation showing a brick deflector built into the brick
boiler jacket and extending toward the boiler cylinder.
Figure 13 is a plan of the same.
In order to make the importance of my present improvement more clearly
understood. I will first call attention to some of the points which, with some reason,
may be urged against existing boilers of this type.
For instance, in the construction of these boilers as many radial tubes are put in
each group or series as may safely be without unduly detracting from the strength
of the cylinder shell; tube sockets however cannot, with safety, be cut very close to
the ends of the cylinder plates as these ends have to be lapped and riveted together,
hence in each series or plane of radial tubes those tubes or the opposite sides of the
vertical rivet seams of the cylinder are set farther apart from each other than are
those at any other part of the circle and consequently when the boiler is set in
place and fired the products of combustion tend to pass up through the wider
openings thus made rather than through the narrower spaces between the outer
tubes, so that the heat is not evenly distributed about the boiler..
Again; the necessary free space between the outer ends of the tubes and the
boiler enclosing shell always affords the most direct way for the escape of the
products of combustion to the smoke stack, and in their passage upward they
sometimes injuriously affect the tube ends and the boiler jacket also, sometimes
distorting and burning both of them and imparting to the latter inuch heat which
passes through it into the open air and is lost to all practical purposes.
Again; it has in some instances been found in my practice when the lower groups
of tubes were of the usual length and say of less than two inches in diameter,
that the intense heat acting on their outer ends drives or impels the contained water
therefrom, sometimes intermittently or in rapid pulsation and at times for longer
periods, thereby seriously impairing the water circulation, and when the tube ends
have become unduly heated because of the absence of water in them if the furnace
heat be reduced by the feeding of fresh fuel or other cause, they become cooler,
sufficiently so, though still perhaps red hot, to permit the water to enter them
again; then the entering water is at once almost explosively converted into steam
with the effect not only of causing "priming" but of endangering the integrity of
the tubes. All these objections to the ordinary "porcupine" boiler are obviated
by my present invention.
In the drawings A represents the boiler jacket which may consist of two-
concentric cylinders with some non-conducting substance between them, as shown
in Figures 1, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, or with water between them as shown in
Figures 4 and 5, or may be of brick, as shown in Figures 2, 3, 12, and 13, or may
be of single thickness of plate iron.
B is the boiler cylinder fixed centrally within the jacket and C C represent the
radial tubes thereof.
The grate bars are shown at D and the combustion chamber E occupies all the
space above the said bars inside the jacket.
But few other details of boiler construction are herein shown as they will in no
way be affected by my improvement.
My improved deflectors F are segmental or annular in form to better adapt them
to their functions.
4
-
In Figure 1 several of these deflectors are shown; two are shown at a resting in
some of the boiler tubes with their convex edges in contact with the boiler jacket
and their concave edges toward the boiler cylinder, preventing the passage of the
products of combustion up about the tube ends at those points and deflecting them
toward the boiler cylinder that they may impart their heat to the latter.
In Figure 1 also, one of these deflectors F is shown suspended at 6 from one or
more of the boiler tubes; and one of the deflectors F is riveted at c to the boiler

page_text: cylinder, and one of them is extended from the boiler jacket at d-being riveted
thereto, and, finally in Figure 1 is an annular brick deflector o, arranged in the
combustion chamber below the lower group of radial tubes and serving at one and
the same time to cause the flame from the fire to converge toward the boiler
cylinder and to protect the ends of the lower series of tubes from excessive heat.
In Figures 2 and 3, are shown metal deflectors F with their convex edges
inserted in and held by the brick boiler jacket as at f.
In Figures 4 and 5 are shown hollow metal deflectors F communicating with the
water space of and extending from a boiler water jacket, said deflectors being made
hollow that the water from the jacket may circulate in them, whereby additional
steam generating surface is secured and also more desirable deflectore.
In Figures 6 and 7 the metal deflectors F of plate iron are riveted to the boiler.
cylinder as shown at c.
In Figures 8 and 9 two or more deflectors F are shown laid on the boiler tubes
and lapping each other as at g so as to form an annular deflector or ring whose
periphery is in contact with the boiler shell, an annular space being left between
the inner circle of the deflector and the boiler cylinder for the upward passage of
the products of combustion.
In Figures 10 and 11, are shown deflectors F suspended from the tubes at, b, and
arranged to deflect the flames toward the boiler cylinder.
In Figures 12 and 13 annular brick deflectors o are shown built into and
extending from the boiler jacket for the purpose of deflecting the flame toward
the boiler cylinder below the tubes, and for protecting the latter from excessive
heat.
In all instances the deflectors are horizontal and segmental or annular, essentially
they are the same, for several sequential deflectors placed together will form an
annular one as indicated in Figures 8 and 9.
The position in which the deflectors shall be placed are determined by various
considerations.
"
If the grate extends but partially around the boiler cylinder a deflector should
be placed a short distance above the fire to direct the flames to the opposite side
of the boiler.
The upward draft is in some instances stronger at one point than at another.
A deflector properly placed will regulate this.
These deflectors may be placed so as to direct the products of combustion more
to any given part of a boiler than to another part, as may be desired, and may
serve as dampers to retain the products of combustion longer in the combustion
chamber.
Most forms of them are adjustable it will be seen, so that they can be easily and
quickly put in place or removed.
I am aware that it is a common practice to arrange deflectors under horizontal
boilers, but am not aware that deflectors have been used with boilers of the
"porcupine" type, or that segmental or annular deflectors have ever been used in
combination with an upright radial-tube boiler for the protection of the exposed
ends of the tubes and for directing the current of the products of combustion.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
First. The combination with a boiler constructed with an upright cylinder and
tubes radiating therefrom, of a segmental or annular deflector adapted and arranged
to deflect the products of combustion from one part of the combustion chamber to
another, substantially as herein shown and described.
Second. As a means for protecting from excessive heat the exposed ends of the
radiating water tubes of a vertical boiler of the character substantially as herein
shown and described, and for controlling the direction of the currents of the
products of combustion within the combustion chamber, a horizontal seginental or

page_text: annular deflector, arranged in place by being laid on some of the tubes, as
Bet forth.
Third. As a means for protecting from excessive heat the exposed ends of the
radiating water tubes of a vertical boiler of the character substantially as herein
shown and described and for controlling the direction of the current of the
products of combustion within the combustion chamber, a segmental or annular
deflector suspended horizontally from certain of the tubes, as herein shown and
described.
"
Fourth. As a means for protecting from excessive heat the exposed ends of the
radiating water tubes of a vertical boiler of the character substantially as herein
shown and described, and for controlling the direction of the current of the
products of combustion within the combustion chamber a horizontal segmental or
annular deflector riveted to the boiler cylinder as set forth.
Fifth. As a means for protecting from excessive heat the exposed ends of the
radiating water tubes of a vertical boiler and for controlling the direction of the
current of the products of combustion within the combination chamber, a horizontal
segmental or annular deflector riveted to the boiler jacket as set forth.
Sixth. The combination with a boiler constructed with a vertical cylinder having
water tubes radiating therefrom and a water jacket surrounding said boiler, of a
horizontal, segmental or annular hollow metal deflector arranged on the inside of
said jacket and communicating with the water space. thereof, substantially as and
for the purposes herein set forth.
Seventh. As a means for protecting from excessive heat the exposed ends of the
radiating water tubes of a vertical boiler and for directing the currents of the
products of combustion within the combustion chamber, a segmental or annular
brick deflector as o built into or against the boiler jacket and extending toward the
hollow cylinder substantially as herein set forth.
HERBERT J. ALLISON,
Agent for the Applicant.