matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
SEPARATING FOREIGN MATTERS FROM THE DROPPINGS FROM CARDING MACHINES, AND FOR RETURN- ING THE RESIDUE THEREUNTO
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Fitton and F. E. Fullerton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
9th January 1861.
We, JAMES FITTON, of Cavendish, and F. E. FULLERTON, of Chester, both
in the County of Windsor, in the State of Vermont, one of the United States of
America, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "SEPARATING
FOREIGN MATTERS FROM THE DROPPINGS FROM CARDING MACHINES, AND FOR RETURN-
ING THE RESIDUE THEREUNTO," to be as follows, that is to say:-
Our Invention consists in the means we employ to separate foreign matters
such as sand, dirt, dye stuff, grit, and such like from the wool or fibrous
material which fails from carding engines. We effect this in the following
manner-Under the main cylinder of the ordinary carding engine, we place
two rollers, which rotate in bearings of the usual form, and are driven by
belting or gearing; over these rollers we stretch an endless band or apron,
preferably composed of leather bands, placed slightly apart; on these bands we
fix a continued series of lags or small blocks of hard wood, which are flat on
the bottoms where they are attached to the bands, and slightly rounded on the
tops; underneath this apron is another roller capable of being either raised
or depressed, and fixed exactly under the place where the apron is nearest to
the druin, this roller being for the purpose of regulating the distance between
the surfaces of the wooden lags attached to the straps; where it is not conve-
nient to have the apron of sufficient length to catch all the droppings from

page_text: By this
the carding engine we place guides or rollers for that purpose.
arrangement we can preserve the short pieces of wool or fibrous material, tech-
nically called "staple," which are generally either wasted or woven into inferior
stuff or yarn. Our Invention is best adapted for woollen fabrics, the fibres of
which are "bearded," and therefore attach themselves to the apron or lags of
wood, and are of very little specific gravity, while sand, dirt, or short pieces of
hair fall through or off the apron when it passes over the rollers.
AN IMPROVED ANCHOR
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Ferry at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th September
1861.
I, GEORGE FERRY, of Hoxton, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED ANCHOR,"
to be as follows:-
According to my Invention I connect the shank of an anchor to the arms by
a ball-and-socket joint or connection, so that the shank may move in various
directions, and take various angles or positions with respect to the arms, while
still remaining connected to them. This can be effected, for example, by
forming the shank with a rounded, spherical, or ball end, fitting and working
in a hollow or socket in the crown. I generally form on the inner side of the
crown, or at the throats of the anchor as many recesses, openings, or grooves
as there are arms, such recesses, openings, or grooves leading into or forming
part of the hollow or socket in the crown, so that the shank when inclined
may fall into one of the said recesses or openings, and bear or rest against the
corresponding arm. I prefer to construct the anchor with three fluked arms.
The Invention is applicable to grapnels as well as to other descriptions of
anchors.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTRIDGES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Herbert Hazard at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
June 1861.
I, HENRY HERBERT HAZARD, of Nelson Terrace, City Road, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTRIDGES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in cartridges to facilitate
the loading of muskets, rifles, and other fire-arms at the muzzle. For this
purpose a tube of metal, paper, or any other suitable material is made of the
same bore as the fire-arm or gun to be loaded, the tube to be of such length
as shall be necessary to contain the whole charge of powder, shot, or ball, and
the necessary wad. At one end of this tube a recessed chamber or enlarge-
ment is formed, the outer end being of such diameter as to slip on the end of
the barrel of the gun or other fire-arm. Within the recess a ring of paper,
cardboard, wood, metal, or any other suitable material is fitted, to which is
secured a diaphragm or cap of paper, linen, or other suitable material so.
constructed that when closed or twisted over the end of the tube the powder.
contained within cannot escape.
The mode of filling the case is, first, to twist up or secure the cap or
diaphragm, so as to close up the lower end, then introduce from the
other end of the case the necessary quantity of powder. I then insert the
remainder of the charge, and the bullet, shot, ball, or wad is secured in
position by being cemented slightly with any suitable cement, such as shellac.

page_text: The mode of charging the fire-arm or gun is as follows:-Place the
enlarged end of the cartridge, formed as above described, upon the muzzle of
the piece, then press the ramrod upon the bullet or top wad at the other end
of the cartridge case, so as to force the entire charge out of the case into the
gun, the cover or diaphragm at the lower end giving way or opening to allow
its free passage; the cartridge case can then be thrown away or preserved for
a fresh charge, if desired.
The cartridge tube may be made of a twisted or other form to suit the
Whitworth or other twisted or rifle shot.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING AND APPLYING ELECTRICITY FOR TELEGRAPHIC AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hermann Hirsch at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th May
1861.
I, HERMANN HIRSCH, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia, and of Bridge
Road, Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING AND
APPLYING ELECTRICITY FOR TELEGRAPHIC AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in obtaining and applying electricity from any two
distinct metals, such as copper and zinc, placed in water or moist earth, so
that I can employ the electrical currents produced therefrom without the aid
of separate batteries, except in cases where it may be desirable to increase or
modify their power.
AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF GONGS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Icely at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th October 1861.
I, SAMUEL ICELY, of Kent Cottage, Byron Street, Bromley, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF GONGS," to be as follows:-
My improved manufacture of gongs consists in forming those articles of
steel hammered up to somewhat of the ordinary form of gongs, preferring to
make them less angular around the disc part than usual; that is to say, I
make them rounding at that point instead of angular, as being more easily
made and producing more sound. Instead of being altogether hammered into
shape, they may be partially or wholly struck up in suitable dies of sheet steel,
and afterwards hammered, if necessary.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN COILING AND PAYING-OUT ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH CABLES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Clifford at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th January
1861. Partly a communication from abroad by Samuel Canning, at
present on board the "William Cory" between Toulon and Minorca.
I, HENRY CLIFFORD, of Greenwich, in the County of Kent, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN COILING AND PAYING-OUT ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH
CABLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, first, in the employment of a series or of two series
of frames, the object of which is to assist in keeping the successive coils of
cable in their places during the process of coiling, and especially for preventing
the cable from falling into the eye, and for supporting it while being coiled on
board ship. Each of the said frames is of a knee form, and has both vertical
and horizontal limbs. Either an internal series only or both an internal and
an external series, may be employed; they are used as follows:-When the
first flake of the cable is coiled the knee frames are placed round the inside
of the eye (supposing an internal series is used), and the horizontal arms are
introduced under the flake, so that the weight of the cable keeps them in their
positions, and to the form of the eye, care being taken that the overlap on the
upper bar is in the direction which the cable will take in leaving the coil.
When the cable is coiled as high as the top of the first set of knee frames,

page_text: another set is introduced, as before, and so on until the entire cable is coiled.
When the cable is being payed out, these knee frames are either taken away
as the cable frees them, or they may be allowed to fall down into the eye of
the coil.
The Invention consists, socondly, in the employment of a frame, the object
of which is to assist in keeping the cable quiet on the coil during the paying-
out, especially when the ship containing it rolls; also to cause friction or to
put a light strain upon the cable while it is leaving the hold; also to prevent
the bight of the cable from turning over on the coil and forming a kink or
from overrunning itself, and finally to lessen the chance of what is termed a
foul flake, which is caused by a turn of the upper flake getting mixed up with
the flake immediately beneath it, and pulling the latter out with it. The frame
used for these purposes consists of radial arms and diagonal cross pieces, the
radial arms being furnished at their extremities with prongs or guides, which
partially embrace and slide up and down against the standards which confine
the coil. When these standards are inclined, the arms are formed so that
they may contract and expand, in order that they may always reach and be
guided by the standards, a telescopic arrangement of the arms being preferred
for this purpose. The frame may be made of any suitable material, and is
simply laid upon the coil, the cable being withdrawn from under it.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN WASHING, WRINGING, AND MANGLING MACHINES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Parkinson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th May
1861.
I, WILLIAM PARKINSON, of Ripon, in the County of York, Assistant
Ironmonger, do hereby declaro the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WASHING, WRINGING, AND MANGLING MACHINES," to be as follows (that
is to say):
My Invention has reference to improvements in washing, wringing, and
mangling machines, whereby the operations of washing, wringing, and man-
gling may be more uniformly and effectually performed than bitherto, and
consists in a suitable tub or receptacle being provided with dashers secured to
a revolving shaft through the medium of connecting hinged joints, as also
fitted with plain or ribbed sliding rollers moving in slots or grooves, and fixed
ribs or rubbers for facilitating the washing action, the said dashers and rollers
being free to move either with or without reacting springs, and enclosed tooth
and pinion gear employed, together with a fly wheel and winch handle for
giving a rotatory motion to the dashers in such manner as to maintain the fly
wheel axle above the water level, the mangling and wringing rollers in con-
nection therewith being of earthenware, Wedgewood ware, pottery, clay, terra
cotta, glass, or other analagous substance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF PREVENTING THE EXTENSION OF FIRE IN BUILDINGS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Batty at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd July
1861.
I, CHARLES BATTY, of 196, Marylebone Road, County of Middlesex,
Atmospheric Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF PREVENTING THE EXTENSION OF FIRE IN
BUILDINGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention is for the preventing of the extension of fire in buildings
from one floor to that above, or from room to room, which has hitherto been
attempted by the use of incombustible materials, and failed when the Heat was
very intense by these materials becoming red hot, and thus extending the
fires. My Invention consists in arranging the ceilings that they may be
separated from the floor immediately above by a space, through which a
current of air passes with great velocity when the ceiling becomes hot by a
fire beneath, and thus by keeping the inside or top surface of the ceiling cool,
or comparatively so, prevent the floor above becoming heated. This is
effected in the following manner:-The ceiling, instead of being formed
immediately against the under side of the floor of the room above, is suspended
therefrom by wrought-iron hangers, or rods, or other convenient means, which
leaves a space of nine to twelve inches between the suspended ceiling and the
floor. This space has communication with the atmosphere by suitable openings
made in the exterior walls, consequently, when the ceiling becomes heated, a
current of cold air rushes through, and prevents the extension of the heat,

page_text: and consequently fire to the floor above. The pillars in buildings may be
arranged in a similar manner by forming an air shaft with branches entering
the interior of the pillar at the bottom, and passing upwards through the pillars
above, and thence through the roof; or an iron casing round the pillar might
be made, and thus have a current of cold air outside and inside of the pillar.
Partition walls and girders of buildings can also be constructed in the same
manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DISTILLATION
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Stein at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st August
1861.
I, ANDREW STEIN, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian, North
Britain, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DISTILLATION," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention of improvements in distillation is, first, to
improve the quality of the spirits, whether "grain" or "malt," produced from
the class of stills now in use under the Patents of Robert Stein, No. 5721,
December 4th, 1828, and Eneas Coffey, No. 5974, August 5th, 1833,
denominated as "Coffey" and "Stein's " Patent stills; and, secondly, to render
the "spent wash " or " dreg" which is discharged from these stills after the
spirit has been extracted from it more valuable for the feeding of live stock, to
which purpose it is now principally applied. In the above-mentioned stills
the spirit is extracted from the wash in what is called a "distilling column,"
by passing a quantity of steam through it, which takes up the alcoholic
matter in its passage, alcohol being more volatile than water. The alcoholic
vapour passes either with or without rectification or condensation in a
'purifier" into a second or rectifying column, when its strength is increased
to the degree required. The whole condensed steam and the oils which
are produced or separated from the spirits in the rectifying column, and from
the purifier when one is used, are returned to the "distilling column," and
ultimately pass off mixed with the "dreg," reducing its strength by the quantity

page_text: of water, and injuring its quality by the acrid oils which it contains. The
quality of the spirits is injured by the large quantity of steam from the distilling
column, with all its impurities, which is passed into the rectifier. To obviate
these disadvantages it is proposed, by suitable modifications and additions, to
pass the whole or such portion of the alcoholic matter as may be found desirable
into the rectifier in a liquid state, then to be worked off by fresh steam, and
no part returned to mix with the wash in the distilling column, reserving to
the distiller power to withhold any portion of the alcoholic vapour from passing
into the rectifier and passing it direct from the purifier into a spirit worm to
be condensed and cooled. The spirits being thus produced from "low wines"
or "feints" by pure steam of water will be finer in quality than those now
produced, and no condensed aqueous vapour or oils being returned to the
wash, the dreg will be more nutritious and free from admixture of acrid oils.
As spirit is often required of a superior quality, it is proposed to add to the
apparatus a third or additional rectifying colunin, when the spirit may be
again rectified for certain purposes for use in this country, or for exportation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OB APPARATUS FOR COMBING COTTON OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st October
1861.
I, JOHN SMITH, of Bradford, in the County of York, Machinist, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OB APPARATUS FOR COMBING COTTON OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in machinery for preparing aud
combing wool and other fibrous substances, for which Letters Patent were
granted to me on the 7th February 1859, No. 346. And the present improve-
ments consist, firstly, in forming or constructing the framing or comb bed
in inclines, by which the combs are successively lowered into position to
receive the feed or supply of cotton or other fibre, and raised again for
operating upon it. Secondly, in the employment of a series of knives or
plates arranged and operated so as to press the fibre into the teeth of the
combs. Thirdly, in the application of a cam or finger for giving a quick
impulse to the combs at the change of direction from the screw lines so as to
remove each quickly out of the way of the succeeding comb. Fourthly, in the
application of cogs or teeth on the under side of the combs and cog wheels
gearing therein, for impelling them forward on the line of transit to the other
screws. Fifthly, in a method of making or constructing the screws for
propelling the combs by wrapping or coiling a rod to form the thread around
a spindle and securing it thereon with pins driven through into the spindle or

page_text: by screws inserted therein or by other suitable means of fastening. Sixthly,
in supporting the drawing off rollers on a pillar and passing the driving
spindle through the same. Seventhly, in taking the cleansed cotton or other
fibre from the drawing leather by means of a card roller and doffer plate.
And, eighthly, in extracting the noil from the combs by placing the rollers
over the points of the teeth.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph George Brown at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd May
1861.
I, JOSEPH GEORGE BROWN, of Croxton, in the County of Leicester, Miller,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
According to my improvements I employ a wheel of any suitable diameter,
having its periphery provided with a number of cells or buckets, the axle of
the wheel lying horizontally in suitable bearings and carrying a pulley, round
which a belt is passed, which also passes round a pulley on an axle lying
horizontally above the wheel; both axles are provided with a pulley, round
which a belt or chain is passed carrying buckets or elevators, which are so
arranged that the outer lips of the buckets or elevators pass close to the bottom
of a trough lying under the lowest axle, and as the elevators pass through the
trough they scoop up a quantity of shot, which they carry to the top of the
highest axle and shoot it into a trough which is so placed that the shot rolls
from the trough into the buckets or cells of the wheel at the centre of its
circumference, by which means the wheel is caused to revolve. There is a
slide in the trough by means of which the quantity of shot delivered on to the
wheel is regulated. When I raise the elevators by a band or belt which is
liable to stretch, I provide the bearings of the lowest axle with a contrivance
by which I may lower it, thus keeping the band or belt sufficiently rigid to

page_text: ensure the elevators being always raised. In lieu of shot I sometimes use
sand or water for the elevators to raise up and to conduct on to the periphery
of the wheel in the manner above mentioned. I may also sometimes use two
or more belts or chains carrying elevators or buckets as above.
A SIMULTANEOUS MANIFOLD DRILLING MACHINE
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Hall at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th July
1861.
I, PETER HALL, of the Canada Works, Birkenhead, in the County of
Chester, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A SIMULTANEOUS MANIFOLD DRILLING MACHINE," to be as follows
(that is to say):
-
This Invention has for its object the construction of a machine, by which a
large number of holes can be drilled at one time, and is capable of being
readily adjusted so as to perform a great diversity of work, both as to the
relative position of the holes, and the angles at which they are bored.
To construct a machine according to this Invention, within or on a parallel-
ogramical or other suitably shaped frame, are fitted a number of parallel
transverse frames or beams, which are capable of being adjusted and fixed at
any given distance apart within the range of the frame. On these transverse
parallel frames are fitted a number of bearings for the drill spindles, which are
also capable of being adjusted and secured at the required distance apart.
The head of each drill spindle is fitted with a bevil driving wheel, which gears
into a bevil wheel on an horizontal driving shaft, mounted on and parallel with
the transverse drill spindle carrying frame. The bevil wheels on the transverse
driving axles are fitted with fast keys working in longitudinal grooves cut in
the driving shafts, or in any other convenient way, to allow of their sliding,
but not turning on their axles, each horizontal driving wheel on the heads of

page_text: if on the first shaft the
the drill spindles is coupled to its counter 'vertical' driving wheel, into which it
gears by a suitable bracket or link, so as to be carried together when it is
desired to remove the position of the drill spindle. These transverse driving
shafts have each a bevil wheel staked on one end. These wheels are placed
on alternate ends of the shaft, that is to say, that
wheel is placed on the right-hand end, the second is fixed on the left-hand
end of the second shaft, and the third on the right-hand end of the third shaft,
and so on. These driving wheels gear into counter wheels, fitted on two
horizontal parallel driving shafts mounted on the sides of the fixed frame at
right angles to the cross shafts. The bevil wheels on these two shafts are
fitted on their shafts in the same way as those on the transverse shafts, which
gear into the bevil wheels-on-the-drill-spindle-heads, admitting of their being
moved longitudinally on the shaft, to allow it to follow the transverse frame to
which it is connected. These two horizontal side shafts may receive motion
by any known means, but by preference through toothed wheels at one end of
the machine.
The table upon which the plate of metal or other substance to be drilled is
laid, is so constructed that it can be raised as required by a self-acting motion,
actuated by the driving shaft of the machine by means of wheels, pinions,
racks, and so forth, as now commonly practised.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF MATCHES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Oscar Muck at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd June
1861. A communication from abroad by Ottmar Walch, of Paris,
France, Engineer.
I, OSCAR MUCK, of Bavaria, but temporary of 4, South Street, Finsbury,
London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF MATCHES,"
to be as follows, that is to say:-
The Invention relates to an improved construction of machinery or appa-
ratus for framing splints of wood and wax & composition tapers for matches,
and in which a rack is employed for separating the splints as they are intro-
duced into the machine, and pins or plungers are used for pushing the matches
out of such grooves into the trays of an ordinary frame. The splints of wood
for matches are introduced at the upper part into the machine, thro' a box
or feeder, whence they fall on to a horizontal rack placed underneath. This
box receives a reciprocating motion by means of a bell-crank lever acted on by
a treadle which causes the splints to fall into the grooves.
I employ the ordinary trays and frame, the latter being supported in a
carriage which is moved up and down so as to present to the rack each tray
to be filled successively, which carriage is balanced by counter weights attached
to cords working over pulleys at each side of the machine. The matches thus
placed in the racks are forced to pass between parallel bars placed in front of

page_text: the machine into the grooves of the trays by pins or plungers attached to a
carriage at the back of the machine. These pins correspond in number with
that of the grooves of the rack. The plungers and carriage are caused to
advance by means of a tappet worked by a treadle, and are brought back by
means of a spiral spring. The splints for matches are guided in their passage
from the rack to the trays by means of a brush, which allows only of one row
of matches being brought into position at a time, and are prevented from being
forced out of the trays beyond the required distance by means of a bar or stop
piece placed in front of the machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COKE, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Fisher Smith and Thomas
Swinnerton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 20th November 1861.
We, EDWARD FISHER SMITH, of Dudley, in the County of Worcester, Agent,
and THOMAS SWINNERTON, of Dudley aforesaid, Blast Furnace Manager, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF COKE, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention consists of the improvement or improvements, herein-after
explained, in treating the coal called in South Staffordshire "New mine coal"
and other coals containing sulphur, the object of our Invention being to
produce from coal containing sulphur coke free or nearly free from sulphur.
In manufacturing coke from coal containing sulphur we make coke heaps
of the ordinary kind, the said coke heaps being covered as usual with coke
dust or other dust. On the summit of the coke heap we fix a pipe or tube of
iron, the lower end of the said tube opening just above the top of the coke
heap, and being luted by a clay or sand lute to the said top of the coke heap.
The said tube is connected with a stack or tall chimney, or with the furnace
of a steam boiler or other furnace, and a strong draught is thereby determined
through the said pipe and coke heap, the air passing from all sides on the
exterior of the coke heap into the interior and up the pipe or tube into the
stack.or furnace. By the method described of directing the air in. the coke
heap the sulphur coutained in the coal being coked is wholly or partially

page_text: removed, and coke is produced from sulphurous coal which is fit for use in
blast furnaces or foundry cupolas, and for other purposes for which coke free
from sulphur is required.
We also claim for the same results produced by means of kilns or ovens
with the stack as aforesaid. When the air drawn through the coke heap is
introduced into a steam boiler or other furnace, the inflammable gas into which
the air has been converted burns in the said furnace, and an economy of heat
is thus effected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INDICATORS SUCH AS ARE USED FOR ASCERTAINING THE POWER DEVELOPED BY STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hannan and John Hamilton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 21st June 1861.
We, JOHN HANNAN, Indicator Maker, and JOHN HAMILTON, Engineer, both
of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN INDICATORS SUCH AS ARE
USED FOR ASCERTAINING THE POWER DEVELOPED BY STEAM ENGINES," to be as
follows, that is to say:-
This Invention has for object the constructing of indicators, such as are
used for ascertaining the power developed by steam engines, in such a manner
as to render them more accurate and certain in working. The improved
indicator is made with a spring contrived so that the tendency to coil and
uncoil is compensated for so as to prevent or avoid the inaccurate indication
which in the instrument as ordinarily constructed is caused by the increased
friction due to the coiling and uncoiling action of the spring. This compensa-
tion is effected according to one modification by making the spring to consist
of equal parts having opposite twists, the parts being united or otherwise
arranged so as to act together. The pencil holder of the improved instrument
is passed across the tube containing the spring and bears directly against the
revolving barrel. A small spring is applied to press the pencil gently towards
the barrel, which spring keeps the pencil point in contact with the paper,
notwithstanding slight inequalities in the barrel surface. Provision is made
for keeping the pencil from touching the paper, when it is not wanted to
mark.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS, SHOES, AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE FEET
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Powell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st August
1861. A communication from abroad by Mr. Charles Warren Bryant,
of Boston, Massachusetts, one of the United States of America.
I, ALEXANDER POWELL, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Hide
Factor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS, SHOES, AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE FEET,"
a communication to me from abroad by Mr. Charles Warren Bryant, of
Boston, Massachusetts, one of the United States of America, to be as
follows:-
Boots, shoes, and other coverings for the feet, whether made of leather,
gutta percha, india-rubber, fibrous materials, or of combinations of any of
these or other materials, are more or less subject to rupture at the seams and
joinings of parts, more especially since sewing, pegging, and other machines
have been used in the manufacture of the same.
The object of this Invention is to make the seams or joinings hold more
effectually, such as the junction of the vamps and quarters, and to strengthen
the same by an arrangement which is an ornament to the boot or other
covering. I use metallic rivets or studs for this purpose, and, after passing
the same through an aperture formed in the various thicknesses, I clinch the
same in such manner that a considerable portion of the material is clipped or
secured between the rivet heads. Ornamental washers may be used on one or
both ends of the said rivets.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th January 1861.-A communication from abroad by Jean Louis
Dowaroquier, of Paris.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES," (communicated to
me from abroad by Jean Louis Dewaroquier, of Paris,) to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction of reaping and mowing machines
suitable for being driven by hand, but horse-power may be applied. The
reaping and mowing machines are alike, except that for reaping the imple-
ment is provided with a frame for laying the cut crop or other ripe corn at the
side. The machine is provided with one wheel only, and the main feature in
the Invention consists in obtaining the motion of the cutting blades from cams
or similar projecting surfaces on the felloe of the wheel. A roller on the end
of a horizontal lever centerd on a fixed stud on a cross bar of the frame is
made to follow the cam surfaces on the felloe, and through the other end of
the lever a to-and-fro motion is imparted to a curved frame extending across
the machine to which the cutters are affixed. The machine is intended to be
pushed forward so as to present the cutting apparatus to the crop, which in
reaping machines is delivered at the side by means of a hinged frame. The
machine rests at front on shoes, to which screws for regulating the height of
the cutters from the ground are applied.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF SECURING SCARFS AND SIMILAR ARTICLES TO THE NECK
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel May at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th December
1861.
I, DANIEL MAY, of Wood Street, in the City of London, Warehouseman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD
OF SECURING SCARFS AND SIMILAR ARTICLES TO THE NECK," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in attaching a rigid material, such as card or
millboard, to a part of the scarf or tie, the said board being shaped at top to
fit the throat, and in sewing or fastening. to the said board or the material
covering it a piece of elastic web, terminating at top in a loop. This loop is
to be passed over the shirt or collar button, when the card or millboard, with
the material covering it, will be held up against the throat of the wearer, and
the scarf thus secured. No part of the scarf or tie extends round the neck.
For washing materials the card or millboard is capable of being removed.
A FIRE- PREVENTIVE CEILING AND APPARATUS FOR THE EXTINCTION OF FIRE IN WAREHOUSES, STORES, DEPOTS, AND BUILDINGS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Rhod Swann at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th July
1861.
I, RICHARD RHOD SWANN, of 12, The Grove, Blackheath, in the County of
Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A FIRE-
PREVENTIVE CEILING AND APPARATUS FOR THE EXTINCTION OF FIRE IN WAREHOUSES,
STORES, DEPOTS, AND BUILDINGS," to be as follows:-
My Invention is intended to afford facility for the immediate flooding of the
whole or any particular part of a building, and the flooding of all goods or
merchandise contained therein, thus promptly extinguishing fire at its first
outbreak.
This Invention consists in providing each room in the building with a double
or single ceiling constructed of metal or other suitable material, the lower
ceiling being perforated with numerous small holes of such number and size
as to flood every portion of such room when the water is turned on. Between
this double ceiling are inserted a number of perforated pipes or spreaders of
any length, form, or size as may be found necessary for the perfect distri-
bution of the water injected through a suitable main pipe, connected by stop-
cocks or valves with a tank, to be kept constantly full of water on the top of
or contiguous to such warehouse, store, depôt, or building furnished with this
apparatus; or the pipes may be connected with the mains of any public water
company as may be found most convenient; or openings may be made into
the supply pipes or mains, to which may be attached an engine-delivery hose,

page_text: and the perforated pipes and ceiling acted on by a common fire-engine or
other kind of force pump. In some cases, when desirable, the double ceiling
may be dispensed with and the perforated pipes or spreaders may alone be
used. In other cases the upper ceiling or top to the perforated tank or
ceiling may be dispensed with, and the perforated pipes or spreaders laid upon
the perforated ceiling instead of within a double ceiling. The cast-iron
columns, pillars, beams, and girders of a warehouse, depôt, store, or building
may be so constructed as to afford means through which water may be forced
into the various pipes, spreaders, or ceilings. Separate stop-cocks, valves, or
other means to be provided in the main water pipe for each room, so that in
case of fire in any room, by opening the stop-cock, valve, &c. belonging to the
room in which the fire breaks out, water will flow into that particular room,
immediately flooding such room only, and thus extinguishing the fire.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PRODUCING OR DELINEATING ORNAMENTAL LINES AND FIGURES ON METAL AND OTHER SURFACES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st November
1861.
I, ANDREW SMITH, of Mauchline, in the County of Ayr, North Britain,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PRODUCING OR DELINEATING ORNAMENTAL LINES AND FIGURES ON METAL
AND OTHER SURFACES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the application and use of a ruling machine, the
Invention of William Smith, for which British Letters Patent, dated 14 day
of November 1853, No. 2639, were granted to him, which is used in the
ornamenting of "Scotch fancy wood" work, and known in the trade by the
name of a "checking machine." This new application or use consists in
operating with a cutting point in place of a mathematical pen, and by means of
either straight or waved lines producing ornamental figures upon metallic or
other surfaces, chiefly with the view that these surfaces, after being so orna-
mented, shall be either gilt or plated, with the object of adding to their beauty.
and preserving them from atmospheric oxidisation.
In applying this Invention in practice, the articles to be ornamented are
fastened down in the ordinary way upon that part of the machine called the
carriage, when the workman immediately proceeds to produce straight or
waved lines by using the cutting point instead of the mathematical pen; and

page_text: varying the design at his own discretion. The Inventor designates this style
of ornamentation "Scoto-damascene work ;" and it will be obvious to the
practical man that such articles as mounts for all kinds of fancy cabinetwork,
brooches, clasps for waistbands, and other similar articles may be thus treated
with excellent effect.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CUTTING APPARATUSES FOR REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Ridley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th April
1861.
I, JOHN RIDLEY, of Stagshaw, in the County of Northumberland, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CUTTING APPARATUSES FOR REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the construction and employment of cutters which
are fixed on a horizontal shaft, to which rotary motion is communicated in any
suitable manner. Each separate cutter is composed of a disc, from one side
of which extend two inclined curved blades which spring from close to the
side and rise gradually to the farthest point from the disc, when the line is
carried down again close to the disc, then the next blade rises and is carried
on till it attains its greatest height, the line is then carried down, and thus the
circumference of the disc is occupied. Although I give the preference to two
blades only being made to occupy the circumference, one only, or three or
more may be used. The edge of the blades is serrated by preference, but a
simple cutting edge will be found sufficient for some crops. The cutters are
set at equal distances apart, and are so placed with respect to the holding
fingers that the inclined blades, on being made to rotate, come in contact or
nearly so with them and perform a scissor-like cut. The cutters are enclosed
in a tube, about one-third, more or less, of the circumference of which is
removed to allow of the crop coming under the action of the blades. In some
cases I employ spiral blades instead of the blades first described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER VESSELS OR CHAMBERS CONTAINING STEAM
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Boden Whitehead at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
November 1861.
I, THOMAS BODEN WHITEHEAD, of Collyhurst Road, in the City of Man-
chester, and County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO
OTHER VESSELS OR CHAMBERS CONTAINING STEAM," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in an arrangement whereby I am enabled to inspect
the interior of a boiler, or other vessel or chamber containing steam during
its working condition, and thus to ascertain the level of the water, or to make
other observations. To this end I cause light, natural or artificial, to pass
through an opening covered with glass, and adapt another similar opening by
which the interior of the boiler or other chamber may be inspected; and in
order to increase the amount of light I use reflectors and condensers. The
lighting apparatus I at present propose to enclose by a casing to convey
away the steam should a fracture of the glass take place, and also I propose
using a stop-cock for providing air for the combustion of the illuminating
material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING CERTAIN ORES AND ALLOYS, AND IN OBTAINING PRODUCTS THEREFROM
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jonathan Down at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th April
1861.
I, JONATHAN DOWN, of Alderley Edge, in the County of Chester, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING CERTAIN
ORES AND ALLOYS, AND IN OBTAINING PRODUCTS THEREFROM," to be as follows:-
My said improvements relate, firstly, to the treatment of cobalt, nickel,
manganese, and other ores when they occur or have been converted into the
state of oxides, carbonates, or other salts of cobalt, manganese, or other metal,
and especially when associated with silica or other matter insoluble in strong
acids.
Secondly, in the treatment of cobalt, nickel, manganese, and other metals
when they occur as arseniets, sulphurets, mixed or singly, and combined
with iron, manganese, and being a mixture of oxides, arseniets, sulphurets,
and sulphates.
I treat the first class of ores as follows:-If the ore consists of carbonates
and oxides it should be crushed to a suitable powder and put into vats. The
ore is then covered with any suitable strong acid, heated or not, as the case
may require. When the acid has been on the ore a sufficient time so as to
become perfectly saturated with cobalt, nickel, manganese, or other metals, it
is tapped off into another vat or receiver, and the ore, if necessary, is treated
with fresh acid until the whole of the metals are extracted, and the residue
well washed with either hot or cold water.

page_text: Those solutions, which may contain cobalt, nickel, manganese, copper, or
other metals, must be treated as follows:-If copper be present in the solu-
tions, that metal should be precipitated with scrap iron, and the solutions
allowed to settle down clear, and be tapped off into another vat, and the
cobalt and nickel precipitated in the said vat by metallic zinc. The man-
ganese being still held in solution may be tapped off into other vats, and
precipitated in the ordinary way.
The precipitated cobalt, or cobalt and nickel, or both of the said metals,
may be redissolved by any suitable acid, and purified in the ordinary way.
The ores of the second class containing besides the metals a portion of
sulphur, arsenic, or a combination of both of them, must be crushed and
thoroughly calcined and dissolved by any suitable acid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GENERATING HYDROGEN GAS FOR ILLUMINATING OR OTHER PURPOSES, AND IN APPARATUS USED THEREIN
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by François Henry Marie Côme
Damiens Chevalier Fenis de Lacombe at the Office of the Commis-
sioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th November 1861.
I, FRANÇOIS HENRY MARIE CÔME DAMIENS CHEVALIER FENIS DE LACOMBE,
of Paris, France, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GENERATING HYDROGEN GAS FOR ILLUMINATING
OR OTHER PURPOSES, AND IN APPARATUS USED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
These improvements relate to the generation or evolution of hydrogen gas
for illuminating or other purposes, and to the apparatus used thereby, and
they consist in projecting water in one or more small jets into an iron or other
suitable vessel, kept at a suitable degree of heat by means of a bath of molton
lead or other suitable molten metal, and further superheating the steam
thus produced by causing the same to come in contact with highly heated
metallic parts, and finally introducing this superheated steam with or without
the adjunction of atmospheric air into a highly heated retort or retorts, partly
filled with carbonaceous or other matters suitable for causing the decom-
position of the steam, or, if air be mixed therewith, of the steam and air to
take place.
Part of the superheated steam, in conjunction with a draught of air, is pro-
jected on the fuel in the fireplaces of the retorts, and of the steam generating
and superheating vessels.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GUNPOWDER SUITABLE FOR BLASTING
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Lobb at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th October
1861.
I, JAMES LOBB, of the Gunpowder Works, Dartmoor, in the County of
Devon, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN GUNPOWDER SUITABLE FOR BLASTING," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in gunpowder suitable for
blasting. For this purpose I substitute sawdust for a portion of the charcoal
and sulphur in the powder; I also add to the powder, lime. The object of the
use of sawdust is to render the smoke arising from the explosion of the
powder in a confined place less offensive, and to allow of the quantity of
sulphur being reduced; and the object of the addition of lime to the powder
is to counteract the deliquescent property of the nitrate of soda or nitrate of
potash employed in the manufacture of the powder, and is more especially
useful in the manufacture of powder to be used underground or in damp
situations.