IMPROVEMENTS IN LINING IRON AND OTHER TUBES AND HOLLOW VESSELS, AND IN MANUFACTURING CORRUGATED TUBES OF PLASTIC MATERIALS.
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Chatterton, of Highbury, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LINING
IRON AND OTHER TUBES AND HOLLOW VESSELS, AND IN MANUFACTURING
CORRUGATED TUBES OF PLASTIC MATERIALS.'
Sealed the 21st December 1863, and dated the 27th June 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Chatterton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
. June 1863.
I, JOHN CHATTERTON, of Highbury, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LINING IRON AND OTHER TUBES AND HOLLOW VESSELS, AND IN MANUFACTURING
CORRUGATED TUBES OF PLASTIC MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in lining tubes and hollow vessels, whether of iron or
other metal, or material capable of resisting such pressure as herein-after
mentioned, with lead or other soft metal, or alloy, or with gutta percha, or other
material or composition capable of being rendered plastic by, the application of
heat, and in forcing the lining into intimate contact with the interior surface
of the tube or vessel to be lined by means of internal pressure in manner, here-
after stated.
In carrying out this Invention I adopt different methods of operation
according to the nature of the tube to be lined and the substance with which
it is intended to line it. For instance, in lining iron tubes with lead, I take
an ordinary length of iron tube, by preference a 12-feet lezth of wrought-
[Price 8d.1

page_text: iron tube, and insert therein a similar length of thin lead tube, taking care
that the diameters are such that the one will freely pass into the other. I
bring the ends parallel and drive or draw a short smooth conical mandril
from one end of the tubes- to the other, which mandril in its progress expands
the inner tube till the outer surface thereof is in contact with the inner surface
of the iron tube. This driving or drawing of the mandril may be effected by
any of the well-known mechanical appliances suitable to the draw bench; but
I prefer to use hydraulic pressure, and in the following manner-At the base
of the conical mandril I fit a cupped leather (or I use a separate piston with
a cupped leather attached thereto); I insert the said mandril and piston in
one end of the inner tube, and upon the outer tube I screw a cap having a
pipe attached to it in connection with a force pump. Such pressure of water
is then applied against the piston as may be found necessary to drive the
mandril from one end of the tube to the other. Sometimes I screw a stop to
The pressure
the further end of the tube to prevent the egress of the mandril.
on the pumps can then be increased and the tube further expanded (if necessary)
by pressure of water alone.
In lining tubes or other hollow articles with those substances which may be
rendered plastic by immersion in hot water, I find it advantageous to adopt
the following process:-I insert one tube within the other in the manner
described for lining iron tubes with lead, and then by means of caps I make
both ends water-tight. Into one of the caps I fix a pipe in connection with a
force pump, and inject hot water at such a pressure as may be found requisite
to expand the inner tube to the extent required. I then either suffer the
water to cool or let it escape through a stop-cock, and supply its place with
cold water by means of the same or another pump, so that the inner tube, by
being reduced in temperature, may return to its normal condition of rigidity,
but permanently retain its increased diameter. I make a few small holes in
the outer tube to permit the air between the two tubes to escape, as egress
for it at the ends is cut off by the caps. These holes are easily plugged
when the operation of lining is completed. In making corrugated tubes of
gutta percha and other like plastic material, I take a mould or case divided
longitudinally into two or more parts, united by hinges or otherwise, and
having a worm or thread or series of rings along its whole length internally;
I insert into the mould a length of ordinary tube of gutta percha or other
suitable material capable of being rendered plastic by heat: I make the ends
of the tube water-tight by suitable caps, one cap being in connection with a
column of water or a force pump: I place the whole into water sufficiently
heated to soften the tube, and the pressure of water being continued, the tube

page_text: yields to it and is forced into the hollows of the mould. When the tube has
been thus completely shaped the mould and its contents are put into cold water
or otherwise subjected to cold. By an arrangement of taps cold water may be
admitted inside the tube instead of hot. The tube is allowed to remain until
quite rigid; the mould being in two or more parts is opened out and the tube
removed. Proper vents are made in the mould to allow any air or water there
may be between the tube and mould to escape, or I apply a pump to exhaust
the air from the space before putting the mould and tube in water.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Chatterton in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
24th December 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN CHAT-
TERTON, of Highbury, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Chatterton, Her special licence that I,, the said John Chatterton,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John
Chatterton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention fo: "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LINING IRON AND OTHER TUBES AND HOLLOW VESSELS, AND IN MANUFACTURING
CORRUGATED TUBES OF PLASTIC MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said John Chatterton, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Chatterton, do hereby declare the
nature of my, said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, that is to say,

page_text: My Invention consists in lining tubes and hollow vessels, whether of iron or
other metal or material capable of resisting such pressure as herein-after men-
tioned, with lead or other soft metal or alloy, or with gutta percha or other
material or composition capable of being rendered plastic by the application of
heat, and in forcing the lining into intimate contact with the interior surface
of the tube or vessel to be lined by means of internal pressure in manner here-
after stated.
In carrying out this Invention I adopt different methods of operation,
according to the nature of the tube to be lined and the substance with which
For instance, in lining iron tubes with lead I take an
tube, by preference a 12-feet length of wrought iron
it is intended to line it.
ordinary length of iron
tube, and insert therein a similar length of thin lead tube, taking care that the
I
diameters and shape are such that the one will freely pass into the other.
bring the ends parallel, and drive or draw a short smooth conical mandril from
one end of the tubes to the other, which mandril in its progress expands the
inner tube till the outer surface thereof is in contact with the inner surface of
the iron tube. This driving or drawing of the mandril may be effected by
any of the well-known mechanical appliances suitable to the draw bench;, but
I prefer to use hydraulic pressure, and in the following manner:-At the base
of the conical mandril I fit a cupped leather (or I use a separate piston with
a cupped leather attached thereto); I insert the said mandril and piston in
one end of the inner tube, and upon the outer tube I screw a cap having a
pipe attached to it in connection with a force pump. Such pressure of water
is then applied against the piston as may be found necessary to drive. the
mandril from one end of the tube to the other. Sometimes I screw a stop to
the further end of the tube to prevent the egress of the mandril.
The pres-
sure on the pumps can then be increased and the tube further expanded (if
necessary) by pressure of water alone.
In lining tubes or other hollow articles with those substances which may be
rendered plastic by immersion in hot water, I adopt the following process:-
I insert one tube within the other in the manner described for lining iron tubes
Into
with lead, and then by means caps I make both ends water-tight.
one of the caps I fix a pipe in connection with a force pump, and inject hot
water at such a pressure as may be found requisite to expand the inner tube
to the extent required. I then either suffer the water to cool or let it escape
through a stop cock, and supply its place with cold water by means of the
same or another pump, so that the inner tube, by being reduced in temperature,
may return to its normal condition of rigidity, but permanently retain its
increased diameter. I make a few small holes in the outer tube to permit the

page_text: air between the two tubes to escape, as egress for it at the ends is cut off by
the caps; these holes are easily plugged when the operation of lining is com-
pleted.
My Invention also consists in manufacturing corrugated tubes of gutta
percha and other like plastic material in manner following, that is to say, I
take a mould or case divided longitudinally into two or more parts united by
hinges or otherwise, and having a worm or thread or series of rings along its
whole length internally. I insert into the mould a length of ordinary tube of
gutta percha or other suitable material capable of being rendered plastic by
heat. I make the ends of the tube water-tight by suitable caps, one cap
being in connection with a column of water or a force pump; I place the
whole into water sufficiently heated to soften the tube, and the pressure of
water being continued, the tube yields to it, and is forced into the hollows of
the mould. When the tube has been thus completely shaped, the mould and
its contents are put into cold water or otherwise subjected to cold. By an
arrangement of taps cold water may be admitted inside the tube instead of hot.
The tube is allowed to remain until quite rigid; the mould being in two or
more parts is opened out and the tube removed. Proper vents are made in
the mould to allow any air or water there may be between the tube and mould
to escape, or I apply a pump to exhaust the air from the space before putting
the mould and tube in water.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Chatterton, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of December One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-three.
10
Witness,
GEO. Jos. CHATTERTON.
JOHN CHATTERTON. (L.S.)