IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COACH LACE, AND OTHER SIMILAR LOOPED OR CUT PILE FABRICS
Year: 1849

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
EDWARD HAWKINS PAYNE, of Great Queen Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Coach Lace Manufacturer, and HENRY WILLIAM CURRIE, Engineer, lately in
the employment of the said John Edward Hawkins Payne, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Seventh day of June, in the twelfth
year of Her reign, and in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and forty-nine, did give and grant unto us, the said John Edward Hawkins
Payne and Henry William Currie, our exors, admors, and assigns, Her especial
license, full power, sole privilege and authority, that we, the said John Edward
Hawkins Payne and Henry William Currie, our exors, admors, and assigns,
and such others as we, the said John Edward Hawkins Payne and Henry
William Currie, our exors, adñors, or assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend our
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COACH LACE, AND OTHER
SIMILAR LOOPED OR CUT PILE FABRICS," within that part of the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland called England, Her Dominion of Wales, and
Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in the Islands of Jersey, Guernsey,
Alderney, Sark, and Man, and in all Her said Majesty's Colonies and Planta-
tions abroad, during the term of fourteen years thence next ensuing; in which
said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso, requiring that we, the said
John Edward Hawkins Payne and Henry William Currie, shall. particularly

page_text: describe and ascertain the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under our respective
hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, and cause the
same to be enrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited
Letters Patent, as, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Edward Hawkins Payne (on behalf of myself and of the said Henry
William Currie) do hereby declare that the nature of our said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly described
and ascertained in and by this present Specification or instrument in writing,
reference being had to the several Sheets of Drawing hereunto annexed, and
to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
Our said Invention consists, firstly, of apparatus to be applied to looms used
in the manufacture of coach lace and other fabrics with a piled surface, such
apparatus being used for carrying into the shed and drawing out from the
woven fabric the terry wires upon which the rows of loops are formed.
Secondly, of an improved construction of the battens or slays of looms used
in the manufacture of coach lace, terry, ribbon, and other narrow piled fabrics:
Thirdly, of additional apparatus to be applied to such looms as aforesaid
when such looms are constructed for manufacturing fabrics of considerable
width, such as terry and other velvets, carpets, &c., such apparatus being used
for actuating or regulating the motions of the before-mentioned terry wires in
such looms as last aforesaid.
And, fourthly, of improvements in the manufacture of double fabrics which
are wooven with a pile between two backs or foundations; which pile is severed
by a knife to form two fabrics.
Sheet I. of the accompanying Drawings contains figures of various parts of
a coach lace loom, furnished with apparatus according to the said first part of
our Invention, similar parts in such Figures being marked with similar letters
of reference.
Fig. 1 is a plan or bird's-eye view of such a loom, some of the upper parts
being removed so as to shew more clearly the construction and arrangement
of our apparatus, and the mode of applying it to a loom; Fig. 2 shews a
vertical section of the same loom, taken near to one side of it. A is the
arrangement of harness for the warp threads; B is the batten or slay; C is
the work beam; and D, the work roller. To the framing at the front of the
Toom two bracket pieces E are attached, for the purpose of supporting a

page_text: horizontal sliding rod F, which extends from one side of the loom to the other.
Affixed to this rod are three pairs of plyers or nippers G, G, G, (the con-
struction of which is shewn upon an enlarged scale at Fig. 8,) the loom being.
furnished with one pair of such plyers for every breadth of fabric manufactured
in the loom, and such plyers being intended to carry the terry wires into the
shed, and to withdraw them from the fabric after the loops or terries have
been formed. A sliding motion is communicated to the rod F in the following:
manner-a, a, are two eye pins screwed into the rod F, and to these are
respectively attached the ends of the cords b, 6, the latter of which cords.
passes over a pulley c, and has a weight d pendent at the other end of it, for
the
purpose of drawing the rod in the direction of the arrow Y. The other
end of the cord 6 is secured to one limb of a bell-crank lever e, which rocks on:
the stud of a bracket attached to the main framing, and the other limb of the
lever e is connected by a cord f to the upper end of a lever g (shewn by dots at
Fig. 2), supported by a bracket from the main framing. This lever is pro-.
vided at its lower end with a roller, against which a pair of rotatory cams h, h,.
(shewn also in dots at Fig. 2,) work, for the purpose of rocking the lever g on
its fulcrum, and by means of the cord f bringing the bell-crank lever into the
position shewn by dotted lines in Fig. 1, which movement causes the rod F to
slide in its bearings in the direction of the arrow Z. The plyers G are attached
to the rod F, from which they receive motion, so as to carry the terry wires
into the shed and withdraw them after the terry loops have been formed. The
manner in which these plyers are constructed is shewn best at Figures 3, 4, 5,
6, and 8. Fig. 3 is a plan view on an enlarged scale of one pair of the plyers,
and the parts in connection therewith; and Fig. 4, an elevation of the same,
some of the parts being shewn in section.
As these plyers are all similar, it will only be necessary in the following
description to explain the construction and mode of operation of one pair of
plyers.
The crooked stem which is pendent from the rod F has its lower end bent
up at nearly a right angle (as seen in Figures 4 and 8) to form the lower jaw
of the plyers, and by means of a fulcrum pin or screw the upper jaw (which
is formed of a flat piece of metal) is attached to the stem. The tail of the
upper jaw is connected by a coiled spring to the pendent stem (see Figures 4
and 8), whereby the upper jaw has always a tendency to close upon the
lower one.
The faces of the jaws are made with recesses, as shewn in the detached
Figures 5 and 6, to receive the enlarged end of a terry wire, as shewn at
Fig. 7. A piece i projecting from the lower jaw is placed, as shewn in

page_text: Figures 3, 4, 5, and 8, to receive the pressure of the slay as it moves forward
to "beat up," and the length of this projection beyond the plyers is regulated
so as to ensure the proper movement of the plyers towards the front of the
loom, and thus compel them to pass over the enlarged ends or heads of all
the terry wires in the loom except that which is nearest to the work beam.
The jaws of the plyers will then grasp the wire nearest to the work beam,
and be ready to draw it out from the fabric.
In starting this loom we weave into the fabric as many terry wires (three
are shewn in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4,) as we intend to use (inserting them into
the shed by hand) before allowing the plyers to act; but when these have
been inserted and woven into the fabric, and the weaving is fairly commenced,
we allow the plyers to operate. Two, three, or more wires may be used, and
the number may be varied at pleasure. The rod F is rocked or turned in
its bearings in one direction by the pressure of the slay upon the projection i
of the plyers, as already mentioned, and the jaws of the plyers will be forced
open by the enlarged end of each terry 'wire; but after the plyers have
grasped the wire nearest to the work beam there will not be any other wire
to force open the jaws, which will therefore close upon the head of that wire,
and the plyers following the after motions of the rod F, they will draw out
that wire and carry it back into the shed.
Affixed to one end of the rod F is a projecting arm H, which, by the
pressure of the slay upon the projection i, is thrown into the position shewn
by dotted lines in Fig. 4, while at the same time the wire 1 which the plyers
held is beaten up into the work, and the plyers are carried from the head of
that wire over the head of wire 2 to lay hold of the wire 3 prior to drawing
it out of the fabric. A lateral motion in the direction of the arrow Z, Fig. 1,
is now given to the rod F by means of the cam h, lever g, cord f, and crank
lever e, whereby the arm H is brought into contact with and made to slide
along the edge of a guide plate I attached by a bracket to the frame of the
loom. During this movement the plyers will draw out the wire 3 from the
fabric, and when the arm H has passed the back edge of the plate I- (the slay
having moved back into the position shewn in the Drawings) a weighted
lever on the rod F will cause the arm H to fall back to its original
inclination and come in contact with a guide piece K, against which it will
rest. By this rocking of the rod F the plyers (still holding the wire) are
carried back into the proper position for again inserting the wire in the shed.
To prevent a rebound of the arm H a stop m (see Fig. 3) is provided, which
turns on a pin on the under side of the guide plate I, and has an inclination
given to it by a small spring to protrude beyond the end of the guide, but is

page_text: capable of yielding to allow the arm H (when moving past the end of the
guide plate I) to pass over it, and of flying back to stop the rebound of that
arm when it strikes against the guide piece K. In order to insert the terry
wire into the shed, the cord f must be slackened to allow the weighted cord
to draw the rod F in the direction of the arrow Y. This will take place
as soon as the projections of the cam h have passed the roller at the end of
the lever g, at which time the bell-crank lever e will be free to move from
the dotted to the drawn position shewn in Fig. 1, and thereby allow the rod F
to slide laterally in its bearings. The arm H of this rod will now pass
between the two guides I and K, and in doing so it will come in contact
with a stop lever n, similar to the lever m before mentioned. This lever n
the arm will thrust aside, but immediately it has passed it the lever will
fly towards the guide piece K and prevent the rebound of the arm H. In
the above description we have not thought it necessary to mention how or at
what periods the changes in the shed and the travese of the shuttles are
effected, as this, the first head of our Invention, refers merely to the means for
raising the terry face, and in no degree interferes with the functions of the
ordinary parts of the loom, as will be evident to the practical weaver.
Secondly, our improvement in the construction of the batten or slay consists
in removing the upper plank of the shuttle race and in substituting for such
upper plank a piece of angle iron or other analogous guide piece, which,
together with the lower plank, will form a suitable race for the shuttle. This
improvement is shewn in the sectional view, Fig. 2, Sheet I., but more
clearly upon an enlarged scale in the partial front view, Fig. 9, Sheet I. In
each of these Figures o is the ordinary lower plank of the shuttle race, and
is a piece of angle iron bolted thereto, and forming the upper side of the
race. By constructing the batten or slay in this manner the reed will be
enabled to beat up the terry wires close into the work, and also a space can
be provided, as at q, Fig. 9, to admit of each pair of plyers with its terry wire
(immediately before that wire is inserted into the shed) to pass through the
batten and out of the way of the same when it advances to beat up a shoot
of weft, and thereby tie in the wire that was last fed into the shed.
P
The third part of our said Invention, which consists of such additional
apparatus as aforesaid, is shewn in several views in Sheets II. and III. of
the said Drawings hereunto annexed, in which said last-mentioned Drawings
similar parts are marked with similar letters of reference. Fig. 1, Sheet II.,
is a front elevation of a loom constructed for manufacturing fabrics of con-
siderable breadth, and with such additional apparatus attached thereto. Those
parts of the looms which are made according to the said first part of our

page_text: Invention being somewhat varied in form or arrangement, but operating
substantially in the same way as already described. Fig. 2 is a side elevation
in section of so much of such a loom as aforesaid as will suffice to explain
the application of our improvements thereto; Fig. 3 is a partial plan or
bird's-eye view of the same; Figures 4, 5, and 6 are detached views of parts
of the apparatus on an enlarged scale, and will hereafter be more particularly
referred to. In this instance, as but one breadth of fabric is made in the
loom, but one pair of plyers to carry the wires is required. Near the front
of the loom a horizontal guide rod A is fixed by means of brackets bolted to
the main framing. On this rod slides a tubular piece B, to which is attached
the stem C of the plyers. D is a projecting arm cast in one piece with the
tube B. The cord a, a*, is at or near to its middle firmly secured to the
arm D, and the end a of this cord is attached to the lower end of a lever E,
and the other end of the cord to a lever F, which rocks on a fulcrum stud c
projecting from the main framing. In passing to the lever F the cord a* is
carried under a pulley. d, Fig. 1, and theuce upwards over a pulley e to the
lever F. To the vertical portion of this cord a weighted cord f is attached
to give the lever F a tendency to rise to its highest position. g is another
cord for connecting the lever F with a lever G, which has as its fulcrum a pin
of a bracket piece h (see Fig. 2). This lever G is provided with a roller,
which is acted upon by a pair of cams H, H, on the cam shaft I., and being
by the rotation of each of those cams depressed, it draws down the lever F,
whereby the cord a* is made to draw outwards the sliding piece B, and with
it the plyers, which carry a terry wire in the direction of the arrow Z, Fig. 1.
This movement effects the withdrawal of a terry wire from the fabric. The
return motion of the plyers to insert into the shed the wire which it holds in
its jaws is obtained in the following manner:-Keyed to the cam shaft I, at
the opposite end to that which carries the cams H, H, is a bevel wheel K
(see Fig. 3), in gear with a bevel pinion on the shaft L, which is supported
in suitable bearings attached to the main framing. This shaft L carries a
cam M, which works against a roller of a rocking lever N, having as its
fulcrum a pin of a standard O, and being connected at its upper end with
the lever E by means of a cord i. When, therefore, by the rotation of the
cam shaft I the increasing radius of the cam M is brought into contact with
the roller of the lever N, that lever is thrust outwards, and by means of the
cord it draws the lever E in the same direction, and as the lower end of this
lever E is connected by the cord a to the sliding piece B which carries the
plyers, the sliding piece will be caused to return to the position shewn at Fig. 1,
and bring into the shed the terry wire which was last drawn out of the fabric..

page_text: It will of course be understood that to effect this movement the action of
the cams H, H, and M are so timed that the larger radius of the cam H
will pass the roller of the lever G, and by slackening the cord g allow the lever
F to rise to its highest position before the increasing radius. of the cam M
acts upon the roller of the lever M to draw the terry wire into the shed.
As the construction of the plyers shewn in the Figures used in describing
this part of our Invention is very similar to that of the plyers described with
reference to the first part of the Invention, and as their action is substantially
the same, it will only be necessary to state that Figures 7 and 8 shew them
in side and front elevation; the lower jaw it will be seen is rigidly affixed to
the stem, and the upper jaw has its fulcrum on the stem, and is kept in contact
with the lower jaw by the pressure of a bent spring.
We will now describe the mode of rocking the sliding piece B to change
the vertical position of the plyers. The batten or slay of the loom is provided
with a regulating screw k, which is in a line with the stem of the plyers when
they have just carried a terry wire into the shed. In beating up, therefore, the
slay will bring the point of this screw in contact with the plyers and drive
them forward until they have laid the wire abreast of that which was last
introduced into the shed, and in a proper position to be woven into the fabric.
By this means the sliding piece B will be caused to rock on its guide rod into
a proper position for making its traverse movement in the direction of the
arrow Z. To the side framing a guide piece P is attached, in a line parallel
with the rod A, for the purpose of regulating the motion of the arm D, and
maintaining the sliding piece and plyers in their proper positions during their
movements. The outer end of this guide is arched, to allow of the arm D,
when it has moved along the back or inner edge of the guide, and effected
its furthest traverse, to pass under it, and to slide along the front or outer edge
thereof towards the fabric. A stop piece Q is provided to receive the arm D
as it passes under the arch of the guide P, and to assist in guiding it in its
course towards the fabric.
The construction and mode of action of these several parts will be best
understood by reference to Figures 4, 5, and 6; Fig. 4 being a partial plan
view of the apparatus for carrying in the terry wires; Fig. 5, a side view of
the same; and Fig. 6, a sectional plan of part of the slay, in which Figure
the wire is shewn as just drawn out of the fabric. When the slay is moved
forwards into the position shewn by the blue lines in Fig. 5 the point of the
screw k will drive down the plyers into the position also shewn by blue
lines, but in passing to this position, the jaws of the plyers will have been
thrust open by coming in contact with the head of a terry wire in the fabric,

page_text: and it will therefore have let go its hold of the wire which it last brought into
the shed, leaving it in the position of the wire 4 ready to be woven into the
fabric. The plyers will also have passed over the heads of the wires 3 and 2,
and finding no further obstruction to the closing of its jaws, will have laid hold
of the head of the last wire 1, as shewn in the Drawing. By this movement
of the plyers the arm D will have been rocked into the position indicated by
the blue lines, ready to make its traverse over the back edge of the guide P.
At this time the increasing radius of the cam H will come in contact with
the roller of the lever G, and through the cord g, lever F, and cord a*, give
a traverse motion to the sliding piece B in the direction of the arrow Z,
Figures 1 and 4, whereby the plyers will be made to draw the wire 1 out of
the fabric, as shewn at Fig. 6. It is now necessary to lift the plyers into
the proper position for carrying this terry wire back into the shed. For this
purpose that end of the batten or slay which is nearest the guide P is furnished
with a rigid forked piece R, the prongs of which when the plyers are at
the furthest distance from the work embrace a pin l, projecting from the
stem C, is shewn at Fig. 6, and as the batten or slay is moved back from
the work the forked piece R will drive backward the plyers into the elevated
position shewn at Fig. 5. This is the movement which causes the arm D
to escape under the arch of the guide P (as before stated) and be ready
to slide along the front or outer edge of the guide P, when the return traverse
is given to the sliding piece B in the direction of the arrow Y, by means of
the cam M, lever N, cord i, lever E, and cord a, as before explained, for
carrying the terry wire into the shed. The inner end of the guide P is
provided with a stop. piece m, which is intended to prevent the sliding piece B
rebounding after it has passed the guide. S is a bent rod, attached to the
framing, and forming a guide along which the ends of the terry wires slide
backwards into their proper positions to be introduced into the shed, and over
which they slide when carried into the fabric by the plyers; T is a guide aru
for the terry wires; it is jointed to the framing in such a position that when
drawn forward its upper end passes immediately under the heads of the terry
wires, and it follows the movement of the batten or slay, being drawn forward
by the pressure of the batten against the bend in the arm, which is most
clearly seen in Fig. 6.
When the guide arm T has been drawn forward, as just mentioned, it is in
the proper position (as shewn by blue lines in Fig. 5) for receiving the end or
point of a terry wire when it has been drawn out of the fabric by the plyers.
When the point of a terry wire upon being so drawn out quits the fabric it falls
down upon the guide S and behind the guide arm T, and when the pressure of

page_text: the batten or slay is removed from the guide arm T, that guide arm will be
drawn back by the action of the spiral spring t, the guide arm at the same time
drawing the point of the terry wire along the top of the guide S back into the
proper position for being introduced into the shed, and this operation takes place
simultaneously with the backward motion of the plyers, already described. U is
a rake, hanging in bearings at the front of the slay; its prongs pass into the
shed and enter the spaces in the reed of the slay. This rake forms a kind of
cradle or support for the terry wires when they carried into the shed, it being
at that time in its lowest position, as shewn at Figures 2 and 5. As the slay
moves forward to beat up the wire into the fabric the prongs of the rake are
raised out of the shed into the position shewn by blue lines in Fig. 5, in
order to allow the terry wire to be carried forwards by the plyers. This move-
ment of the rake is caused by the rotation of a cam V on the cam shaft I,
which cam acts upon the roller of a vibrating lever W, supported on a stud
in the side framing, and connected by a cord n to an arm o affixed to the
shaft of the rake U. When the larger radius of the cam has passed the roller
of the lever W, and the tension on the cord n is thereby removed, a weighted
arm p affixed to the shaft of the rake will depress the rake to its original
position.
It will now be understood that when the action of the parts just described in
connection with the terry wires is properly timed with respect to the opening of
the shed and the movements of the shuttle, the wires will be transferred from
the woven fabric to the shed, in like manner as herein-before described with
respect to the first part of our Invention.
The fourth part of our said Invention consists of an improved means of
dividing the pile of double fabrics, and also of an improved arrangement of
the loom for weaving such fabrics, whereby the weaver may be better able to
inspect the work and ascertain whether the loom is properly operating.
Sheets IV. and V. of. the accompanying Drawings shew the construction of
this improved double fabric loom; Fig. 1, Sheet IV., being a front view of
the loom; Fig. 2, of the same sheet, a side sectional elevation; and Fig. 3,
Sheet V., a partial plan view of the same. In this loom, A is the slay or
batten, mounted horizontally, and having its fulcrum at a; it is connected by
a rod B with the cranked driving shaft C, and by a vertical movement beats
up the work. On the shaft C is a pinion C*, which gears into and drives a cog
wheel D, keyed to the cam or tappet shaft D. This shaft D carries the two
double cams E, E, and the single cam E* for working the upright levers F, F,
and F*, which actuate the harness b, b, to form the sheds for the passage of
the shuttles. G, G, are two vibrating levers, supported on a stud c at the front

page_text: of the loom; they are respectively connected at their lower ends by cords d to
the levers F, F, and their upper ends are attached by cords to the harness,.
for the purpose of actuating the same. As the harness lies horizontally in the
loom, each leash is kept in tension by a weighted cord passing over a pulley;
and attached to the opposite end of the leash to that with which the levers F
and G are respectively connected.
By referring to Fig. 2. it will be readily seen, that on the rotation of the
cain shaft D the cams E, E, and E* will press upon the rollers of the levers
F, F, and F, and drive them in the direction of the arrow r (Fig. 2), while
the levers G will be caused to rock in an opposite direction, and thus the
change of shed will be effected. The action of the cams is so arranged, that
the lever F, which actuates the harness of the pile warp, will make a greater
vibration than the other levers in order to carry that warp across from one
fabric to the other; but only one vibration of the lever F is made to two of
each of the other levers, the warp threads, therefore, of the rollers H, H, are
twice opened out to receive a shoot of weft for every movement of the pile
threads from one fabric to the other, and thus the double pile fabric, shewn in
the Diagram, Fig. 4, is produced.
In order to introduce wires into the fabric for guiding the knife which is to
cut the pile, we employ an arrangement of mechanism similar to that described
as the third part of our Invention. In this instance, however, we traverse the
plyers I along the guide rod K by a continuous cord e, which is attached, as
before, to a sliding piece I*, and passing over four pulleys f is firmly secured
to a pulley M mounted on a shaft N at the top of the loom. On this same
shaft is a smaller pulley O, round which a cord from a vertical lever P is
wound. This lever rocks on a fulcrum pin of the standard Q, and is provided
with a roller to receive the thrust of a cam R, mounted on a horizontal shaft,
which receives rotary motion by means of bevel gearing from the cam shaft D.
By this means rotary motion is given to the shaft N, and it is made recipro-
cating by a counterweight suspended from a cord wound round the pulley S
coming into action when the enlarged radius of the cam R has passed the
roller of the lever P. By means of the slay, the plyers are carried upwards,
and made to release the wire which they have brought into the shed, and take
hold of another ready to draw it out in like manner, as above explained; but
before this wire is withdrawn the row of pile above it must be cut, and for
this purpose a traversing knife g is provided. This knife consists of a steel
blade jointed to a tubular piece h, and sustained in a vertical position by a
springs (see detached view of knife), which bears upon its notched end, and
this spring is sufficiently strong to keep the kuife in a vertical position during

page_text: the operation of cutting the pile. The tubular piece h slides along a hori-
zontal rod i, supported in lugs in the side framing; and to the piece h a cord k
is attached, which passes over four pulleys to a pulley T on the shaft N. At
the same time, therefore, that a wire is withdrawn from the fabric the knife is
caused to move in the direction of the arrow Y, Fig. 1, to be ready to cut the
pile threads which lie over the next top wire.
A uniform length of pile is obtained by supplying guide wires for the knife
of the construction shewn at Figures 5, 6, and 7. These wires are rectan
gular in their section (see Fig. 7), and have a groove on their upper surface
running from end to end. When, therefore, the point of the knife in making
its forward traverse in the direction of the arrow Z enters this groove, it is
obvious that it will be guided forward in a straight line equally distant from
the foundations of the woven fabric, and it will thereby be enabled to cut the
pile evenly and of a uniform length; as the knife and wire move simulta-
neously forward, and the knife has to make a greater traverse than the
wire in the same time, the pulley T is made of a larger diameter than the
pulley M. The cutting of the pile is effected at the time that the plyers
are bringing in a wire, but when the plyers are withdrawing a wire which
has just been released from the fabric by the knife having cut the row
of pile threads above it, the knife is out of contact with that wire, and is
returning to its former position to be ready to recommenco the cutting
operation. As the pile is cut and the double fabric is divided into two, these
now separated fabrics are drawn in opposite directions over their respective
work beams, and are passed round the pin rollers U, U, to a bag or receiver.
On either side of the frame is a regulating stop pin, which determines the
length of the traverse of the knife, and changes its position with regard to its
holder. When the knife has passed through the fabric and cut a row of pile
threads it meets with the stop pin l, which trips it up into the position shewn
in the Drawing, and allows of its moving in the direction of the arrow Y
without coming in contact with the wire; but when the knife arrives at the
other end of its traverse it comes in contact with the other stop pin ", which
forces it into its former or vertical position ready to enter the groove of the
wire which lies under the next succeeding row of pile threads to that last cut.
In the foregoing description, we have not thought it necessary to enter
minutely into the description of the mode of weaving the double fabric, as it
is already well understood by the practical weaver, and forms no portion of this
part of our Invention, which relates to the means above set forth for dividing
the pile more uniformly than heretofore, and allowing the weaver to inspect
the work as it is being manufactured.

page_text: Having now described our Invention, and the-manner. of carrying the same
into effect, we wish it to be understood that we claim,-
First, the application to looms of plyers constructed as above described for
holding terry wires and carrying them into and withdrawing them from the
work; and particularly we claim the actuating of such or similarly constructed
plyers or nippers in a manner that will enable them to carry a terry wire into
the shed, release their hold of it when it attains the proper position for being
woven into the fabric, and to withdraw it therefrom and carry it back into the
shed; and also in the improvement in the construction of the batten or slay,
as above described.
Secondly, the improved mode of constructing the battens or slays of such
looms as aforesaid in manner herein-before described.
Thirdly, the mode of dividing the pile of double fabrics as aforesaid
by means of a knife guided by grooved wires or rods, in manner herein-before
described.
And, lastly, with respect to the loom for weaving double fabrics, we claim
the general arrangement of the ordinary working parts of the loom, whereby
a facility is given to the weaver to inspect the face of the fabric and to
ascertain whether the loom is properly working.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Edward Hawkins Payne, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Seventh day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine.
Enrolled the Seventh day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-nine.