IMPROVEMENTS IN CLEANING SEED AND REFINING OIL, AND IN THE TREATMENT AND UTILIZATION OF THE RESIDUAL PRODUCTS, AND ALSO IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Anthony Pols at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th June 1876.
JOHN ANTHONY POLS, of Nye's Wharf, Old Kent Road, in the County of Surrey..
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CLEANING SEED AND REFINING OIL, AND IN THE TREATMENT
AND UTILIZATION OF THE RESIDUAL PRODUCTS, AND ALSO IN THE MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE
TO OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES."
My Invention relates, first, to an improved cleaning machine adapted more
particularly for cleansing cotton seed, whereby the seed is entirely freed from cotton
and the oil cakes are better adapted for food for cattle.
My cleansing machine consists of a wooden rotating cylinder covered with india-
rubber, the same being itself covered with emery cloth or glass cloth, which
cylinder works in a box lined also with india-rubber and emery or glass cloth, and
is provided with appliances outside connected therewith, so as to enable the
cylinder to be turned by manual or other power. The box carries on the top a
hopper, and underneath is placed a fan or paddle for the purpose of blowing all the
fibre from the seed when cleaned before it passes to the press. The fibre so
obtained is adapted for paper making. The cylinder and box are cleaned by an
ordinary brush.
The seed prepared by the apparatus before mentioned I treat by passing it
between two iron cylinders in such a manner that the seed is not ground to meal,
but merely bruised, after which I prefer to crush it by means of stone rollers in the
ordinary manner without the action of heat; I then take the seed so bruised or
bruised and crushed & after heating it by steam, say to 80° Fahrenheit, in
hemispherical receivers composed of copper or iron, I subject it to pressure in a
press or ordinary hydraulic apparatus actuated by steam power, by which means a
crude dark oil is obtained, and also a cake suitable for cattle food entirely free from
cotton.
My Invention also relates to a mode of refining the oil obtained by the before-
mentioned or other process, which I propose to effect in the following manner: - I
take of the crude cotton seed oil, say 100 parts by weight, and mix the same with
say about 12 parts by weight of a solution of Canada potash, lime water, Colcothar,
or iron manganese, of the consistency of about 36° Beaumé. This solution or
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page_text: solutions I mix with the oil when warm so that the oil becomes limpid, and I stir
the same for say about 2 hours, after which I allow it to stand for say about 24
hours, when the oil will be free from its dark color and become of a pale straw
color ready for filtering.
After I have drawn off nearly the whole of the oil a foots still retaining a certain
quantity of oil is obtained, this I again heat, by which means the greater part of
the remaining oil will come to the surface, the remaining foots containing the
alkali employed and some fatty matters or stearine; I filter my oil by means of a
wooden or iron filter having a false bottom composed of zinc, iron, tin, or wood,
and provided with nipples or perforated projections, this false bottom which forms
a sieve is arranged at a distance of, say, about six inches from the first bottom, and
on this false bottom I place straw covered with muslin, on which I place dry sea
salt, which is then covered with muslin.
The oil refined by this apparatus will be perfectly clear and adapted for edible
purposes or for preserving fish. Between the two bottoms of my filter I provide a
tap made of iron, copper, or wood, for the purpose of drawing off the oil. I extract
the greater part of the chemicals employed in the refining process by treating the
foots in a still, and I obtain then the stearine left in the foots, also the chemicals,
or by treating the foots in a retort I obtain then first gas, as the foots contain the
fat or stearine, which gas may be used for lighting purposes; I obtain next a
charcoal; on this I pour boiling water and stir the mixture for, say, about 1 hour,
so that the water will absorb nearly the whole of the chemicals employed; I then
allow the solution to stand for, say, about 24 hours, and then filter the same in a
filter of stone or iron, on the top of which I place a layer of asbestos, and the
chemicals so obtained will be ready for re-utilization; dry the black residuum by
the application of heat, whereby it is rendered suitable for use as manure.
cakes being now entirely free from cotton will be well adapted for use as food for
eattle; they will also produce glucose, and will also serve as manure. The filter
may also be employed for filtering purposes generally.
The
My Invention is also adapted for treating nut kernels in order to obtain oil
therefrom.
In carrying out this part of my Invention I crush the kernels by the same process
as herein-before described for cotton seed; the oil thus extracted is of a pale yellow
color, and requires only a small quantity of my prepared alkali without the
Colcothar, say 5 parts to 100 parts of oil, I stir the mixture for, say, about one
hour, and then allow it to stand for, say about 24 hours, after which I filter it by
the same process as that herein-before described for the cotton seed oil. The oil so
produced will serve for lubricating, cooking, edible, or burning purposes, and also
for soap making. The foots remaining therefrom are white and may be used as
soft soap. The cakes produced by the crushing process may be utilized as food for
cattle.
In treating cotton seed I crush this seed by the same process as the cotton seed,
with the difference that the pressing process is carried out without the employment
of heat, the cakes of this seed when ground are adapted for use as manure, I mix
with, say, about 112 lbs. of oil, two ounces of the prepared essence of bitter almonds
free from the hydrocyanic acid, and the oil so produced will be as nearly as possible
free from taste and smell.
In treating mustard seed oil I refine the same in the following manner:-I take
100 parts of the crude oil and mix with it, say, about 10 parts of my prepared
alkali without the Colcothar, and then stir the mixture for about two hours, and allow
it to stand 24 hours; I then filter by the same process as that herein-before
described for cotton seed oil, and the oil so refined will be clear and fit for use as
salad oil, or when mixed with colza oil will be adapted for burning purposes; the
foots produce a good soft soap.
In preparing cod liver oil I take the cod liver and add thereto a small quantity
of water, and heat the whole by boiling or steam in a bain marie or a double iron
or copper pan for say about 2 hours, the oil which comes to the top has a high

page_text: yellow color and strong odour, I refine the said oil by mixing with it, say, about
5 per cent. of the above-mentioned alkali without the Colcothar, and stir the
mixture for, say about one hour, and after allowing it to stand for, say about 24
hours, I filter in a similar manner to the cotton seed oil. The oil will then have
assumed a bright and pale color and have acquired a pleasant taste; I remove the
greater part of the remaining disagreeable odour by mixing it with, say, about
112 lbs. of refined oil, two ounces of my essence of bitter almonds, as herein-before
described.
When the cod livers cannot be obtained I take the oil as imported and work it
by the same process. The foots may be used as soft soap, and the livers are
suitable for manuring purposes.
In preparing neat foots oil for lubricating purposes I refine the same by my
process, by the employment of the prepared alkali without the Colcothar, that is
to say, I take 100 parts of the crude oil, and mix the same with, say about six parts
of the alkali, and then stir the mixture for, say, about hour, and after allowing
the same to stand for 24 hours I pass it into a cotton bag, and subject the same to
light pressure; I then filter as herein-before described; the oil will be found to be in
a refined condition, and the foots will be utilizable as soft soap.
My process is also applicable to the refining of animal and vegetable oils
generally, and of mineral oils, and to the treatment of rancid oils in order to render
them adapted for edible or other purposes.