Improvements in Machinery or Presses and the Simplification thereof for Making Plumbers' Leaden Traps or Leaden Bends.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Oct.. 1893
Complete Specification Left, 27th Aug., 1894-Accepted, 25th Oct., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery or Presses and the Simplification
thereof for Making Plumbers' Leaden Traps or Leaden Bends.
AMY FRANCES DAVIES 78 Earl's Court Road Kensington London, Professional
Shorthand Writer and Mechanician do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
Lead trap and lead bend presses heretofore have been very expensive to construct,
so much so that only about one machine now not patented is at work within the
four kingdoms, although there are scores of lead pipe manufacturers, and who
would like to press their own lead traps and bends especially the latter as it is
expensive to send long lead bends for soil pipe and other purposes by railway, &c.
One object of this my invention is to supply a suitable lead container or lead
holder and at other times a suitable or separate lead meeting chamber such container
and also the meeting chamber to be of special form and which can be either used
conjointly or separately and either of which can be adapted to work with or
in conjunction with the ordinary lead pipe press or the parts belonging thereto.
A further object of this my invention is to make leaden traps and bend presses
cheaper than heretofore, and to work with less skilled labour, greater facility, less
loss of power, and generally more economical than heretofore, and that when
desired the ordinary lead pipe press can be utilised with part or parts of my
invention for lead trap and bend making, and which may be worked with ease by
any competent lead pipe press man.
In practice generally speaking making lead traps or bent tube pipes by pressure
the lead is put into two cylinders and is caused to flow in two streams into a
meeting chamber and thence through an annular orifice or die, the streams uniting
by pressure at the meeting chamber near the die, and in such manner that the
tubular product issuing from the die or nozzle will be straight if the two streams
of lead are equal in quantity and the die true, and this depends pretty much upon
the velocity of the rams or other forcing medium pushing the lead through their
respective containers or cylinders and the metal squeezing itself through the die
such rams being worked preferably by hydraulic pressure and their motion being
governed by the usual hydraulic valves.
This principle of government for trap making is wrong inasmuch as the rams
do not answer the valves quick enough energy of pressure being left on the ram
which causes continued flow of metal when not required; and in order to get over
this great difficulty the present maker of pressed lead traps throws a lot of his useful
power away by allowing a stream of water under great pressure to continually run
to waste, in order to get rid of the latent energy or that his rams should stop the
instant he closes his valve.
This loss of power I have in one way overcome by regulating the flow of lead
to the die or to the meeting chamber and leaving the rams at regulated and constant
pressure.
When I do not regulate the flow of lead directly then I get the necessary power
by means of a screw worked by preferably a large spur or other wheel and pinion
and which is worked by preferably a small instant starting or stopping engine
preferably of the reversing class and such as are used for steerage purposes.
Of course when two rams are used then there would be two engines or motors
and wheels screws &c.
In the latter case I regulate the motion of the rams by the speed of the spur
wheel (or other power) which being of large diameter the rams can be stopped or

page_text: started next to instantainously which allows me to make the throat part of the
bend very short hitherto unattainable without the serious loss or waste of power.
This my regulating of the speed of each stream of lead itself through pipes or
otherwise is a great improvement over the old method of regulating the water
rams, and it will be plain that I can with one ram or the ordinary lead press with
my invention and yet get two or more streams of lead to the die.
I can also with this my invention use the ordinary pipe press and container to
press leaden traps and bends by having a suitable passage or pipe or passages and
pipes leading therefrom (and when necessary governed by suitable valves or cocks)
to my meeting chamber such pipes valves or cocks to be preferably kept hot at
say 600° Far. for the easy passage of the lead.
It is obvious that by this my invention I can utilise the whole of the ordinary
lead pipe press for pressing leaden traps or bent tubes and that I can make bends
at right angles to the ordinary plane by employing a suitable or additional pipes,
passages, with necessary number of valve or cocks, to regulate the flow of lead to
the meeting chamber.
0th of Ontahan 1002
COMPLEIE
SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery or Presses and the Simplification
thereof for Making Plumbers' Leaden Traps or Leaden Bends.
AMY FRANCES DAVIES Professional Shorthand Writer and Mechanician of
78 Earl's Court Road Kensington, London do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement and drawings
attached:
Lead trap and lead bend preses heretofore have been very expensive to construct
so much so that only about one machine now not patented is at work within the
four kingdoms, although there are scores of lead pipe manufacturers and who would
like to press their own lead traps and bends, especially the latter, as it is expensive
to send long lead bends for soil pipe and other purposes by railway etc.
The chief object of this invention is to lessen, simplify, and cheapen the
machinery used in the manufacture of what is known as drawn or pressed lead traps
or bends.
My invention is intended to work at times in conjunction with an ordinary or
straight pipe lead press, and which will be readily understood by reference to the
following Specification, and the drawings attached hereto.
Fig. 1, Sheet 1 is an elevation of a steel nozzle.
Fig. 2, Sheet 1 is a section of Fig. 1 showing two of the lead ports or
passages L L. P is the die spindle in some cases preferably fixed by the nut J.
D is the mandril of the die. E the meeting chamber where the two or more
streams of lead mixes.
Fig. 3, Sheet 1 is the bottom plan of Fig. 2 showing that in some cases I use
four lead passages, ports, or ways as at L, L, L, L for making bends at right
angles to each other, and which may be supplied with fluid or semifluid lead,
through suitable pipes and valves or their equivilants under pressure.
Fig. 4, Sheet is a plan at A. B Fig. 2 showing the lead ways as at N elongated.
Fig. 5, Sheet 1 is a part sectional elevation of my lead trap and bend press
nozzle showing one way of working the port hole plugs or valves G, G Fig. 7 by
means of a sloted spindle to be governed by levers, or other mechanical contrivance.
GG Fig. 5 are the spindles. A a shoulder to work within the nut. D the die.
This will be understood after reading description of Figs. 6, 7, and 8.
Fig. 6, Sheet 1 shows a sectional elevation of what is known as a downward lead
pipe press, with one form of my simple trap making apparatus attached thereto.

page_text: A, A is the lead container wherin the moulten or other lead is put and
wherin works a ram at a pressure of about 25,000 lbs. to the square inch. CC are
the usual straining bars, and K the water ram cylinder. It is obvious that this
pipe press may be worked downwards, upwards, horizontally or in any other position.
B Fig. 6 is a container & nozzle combined somewhat different in construction to
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 as can readily be seen at L L Fig. 6 which shows the entrance
of the lead passages nearer to the die D so as to reduce the friction of the lead to
a minimum, and which gives a longer nozzle with the least amount of friction
through the ports L, L. It is also obvious that with this kind of nozzle & container
combined the lead ram can be lengthened, or a ram may be made to work direct
into the nozzle itself, and when such is the case a pipe press container, and trap
and bend press container, can be combined in one piece. G G shows one simple
method of regulating the lead with a kind of steel plug, or plugs, in some cases to
be turned tap or cock like, and having a simple slot way therein for the lead to
flow through and as shown at the enlarged diagram S G, Fig. 8 Sheet 1. D Fig. 6
is the mandril of the die which I sometimes fix with a pin as at J. E the mixing
chamber, and M the lead passage through the die. F the outer part of the top of
nozzle, which may be rounded or brought to quite a V shape.
Fig. 7, Sheet 1 is a plan showing how I sometimes work with levers or otherwise
the lead port ways. Of course these levers can be worked by any known mechanical
contrivance and which I will further expound in Fig. 9. D Fig. 7, shows the die
or mandril, N the outside of nozzle container. F nozzle, C bottom of straining
bar head.
Fig. 9. Sheet 2 is a sectional clevation of a press preferably working horizontally,
which shows my invention nearly in full working order except the government of
the water valves, and one of the cylinders, and the bottom part of the main ram
cylinder, and which cylinders may be varied to suit circumstances. A is the main
lead container. K the main lead ram, which may be worked by cogs wheels &
screws as shown in one of the rams at Fig. 11 or as described above & at P Fig. 9
or by other known mechanical means too well known in lead pipe presses to require
any description here. G is a steel sliding piston which governs the lead port
way L the latter of which is open. R is the opposite sliding piston for governing
the closed port way L. F is the partition for conveying separately the two or
more streams of lead to the mixing chamber E. J the mandril spindle. D the
mandril N, N the flange for fixing the nozzle on to the port hole plate B. V V tie
plates for keeping the water cylinder X X to the port hole plate B: 0, 0, guides
for the container; U, U, straining bars; P, main water ram; S, main water
cylinder; T, power supply pipe, to cylinder X; W, regulating distant screw;
Z, regulator piston. The water power to cylinders X X can be conveyed by pipes
& regulated by locks or valves and is well known by all lead pipe pressers.
Fig. 10, Sheet 2, is one way out of many now in constant use in pipe press work
& well known & which is used for the regulating of the water power also to the
cylinders X X, Fig. 9. C; Fig. 10, may be connected by a series of hydraulic
pipes to the pipe T, Fig. 9 for giving power to the piston within the cylinder X
and which in its turn works the simple valve G thereby governing the port
hole L.
The power to work these small pistons may be generated by any known means,
and conveyed through suitable pipes to A & B Fig. 10 and which if very high
pressure may be regulated by the valve G when it passes through the way F.
E, is a simple head of the seating which may be screwed into the valve body for
renewing. H, an inverted cup leather. K, the screw nut which answers as a
packing nut and for the screwed spindle J. of the valve G. I the square head of
the nut. Q, shows the head of the spindle fixed into the cylindrical part of the
regulating spur wheel R. P, is a set screw for holing the spindle Q firm to the
cylinder of the spur wheel. The opposite parts, viz. D, S, B, M, L, N and O are
similar to those parts explained.
It will be seen that if these valve bodies (Fig. 10) are made a fixture on a bed

page_text: plate and the screws made to suitable threads, and the two valves G and L,
coupled up to the regulating wheels R R Fig. 10 that one valve cannot move
without the other and that if double sets of these valves exact as above see dotted
lines 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, are made, and coupled up by suitable mechanism, such for
example as with cogs 5 of the wheels R R that the relief valve 3 from the pipe T
can be made to open when the valve G is being closed and which allows the escape
of the water from the cylinder X Fig. 9; but this secondary valve arrangement
need not necessarily be used as in nearly all hydrulic machinery of this class a little
leakage of water by the cup leathers is of little or no loss and this is sufficient to
allow the piston G to work back the water cylinder piston head as far as to the
regulating screw W. There are scores of pipe press valves in the market & require
no explanation.
:
Having thus far described the several parts of this my invention 1 will now
explain the working thereof of Fig. 9. Assuming this to be a horizontal press,
and the ports L, L open, bring the ram K back to near the entrance of the
container the lower part of which is lipped and the top part a little open just sufficient
to pour in the lead the lead having just slightly set let the power through any
known hydraulic press valves into the cylinder S which in its turn acts upon the
ram P and so brings K. forward to bear upon the lead A and which will pass through
the ports L in equal streams and through the die D, this produces straight pipe so long
as both ports L, L are open. But close the valve R as shown, then an excess of
lead passes through the E side of the die, and gives an excess of lead at M whilst
little lead comes on the Q side of the die, the consequence is a curved pipe and this
should be noted that the less the lead merges towards the Q side of the die the
shorter will be the tunnel ** of the trap; such is partially due to the height of
the bottom of the mandril D and the lower part of the mixing chamber.
Of course if the port L is closed by the valve G-as is also the valve R no lead
can pass through the die and the ram K must be somewhat regulated not to exceed
a certain given pressure say 20,000 lbs. per sq. inch.
With the ordinary lead trap press having two rams I have invented it to work
without water power as there seems so much waste of power with the sudden
stoppages of the rams, and this I have overcome with suitable cog machinery
in conjunction with two or more small high speed reversable steam engines
preferably of the class known as steering or steerage engines which allows the
nearly instantaneous stopping or starting of the rams and thereby overcome the
waste of power now in vogue by allowing a constant stream of water running t
waste under very high pressure.
Fig. 11 Sheet 3 illustrates one way out of many of carrying the last part of my
invention into effect, A, A is the ordinary lead trap containers, and D the nozzle
part from which the lead exudes, these three parts may be coupled up by straining
bars or in any way the engineer may desire. K a bed plate upon which A A
and D may rest or if required made a fixture. G, G is the axle and these also
answer to take the thrust of the screw S S against the main bearing I I. F F are
two large spur wheels worked by the pinion E E, QQ is a small disc, wheel or
crank with a pin P P to which I attach my small reversable engines which of
course may be of any class but preferably of the class before referred to.
JJ are
the shafts or spindle heads. T T are pins to hold the axles G G into their bearings
when drawing the screw and rams out of the containers. HH shows the
continuation of the screw S S.
I may here remark that the rams shown in dotted lines may be fixed on the screw
or made to revolve. Having thus explained the machine parts which may be
greatly varied I will briefly explain the working. Turn P P in the way necessary
to draw the rams and fill up the container, next reverse the motion so that the rams
will travel and press the lead (as described in "Davies'" description of lead trap
presses "Standard Practical Plumbing ") when the thrust of the screw will be thrown
on the bearings tending to press outwardly, the bearings I I of course being
rigidly held in position by straining bars or between solid substances such as

page_text: one of the
between compact concrete walls or otherwise, here you get a straight pipe from
the nozzle but stop one engine and if necessary reverse a little and the conse-
quence will be a curved pipe exudes from the nozzle so long as
engines is allowed to proceed or vice versa. Such steering steam engines may be
used to work the valves G R Fig. 9.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven--
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is;
Firstly. The application of a nozzle or die to press lead traps or bends which
nozzle or die is worked in conjunction with what is known as an ordinary lead
or pipe press substantially as described and illustrated at Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
9 & 11 of the drawings attached.
Secondly. The modes of regulating the valves substantially as described and
illustrated at Fig. 10 and at Fig. 9 of the drawings.
Thirdly. The method of regulating the lead, substantially as described and
shown at Figs. 6, 7, 8 and 9 of the drawings.
Fourthly. Supplying a die with lead through a suitable pipe or pipes and
valve or cocks from an ordinary lead or pipe press and for making leaden traps
or bends generally substantially as described and partially illustrated herewith.
Fifthly. The working of the rams see Fig. 11 of a double container or lead trap
or bend press with geared machinery to be driven by two reversable steerage or
steering steam engines, known as high speed marine steering or steerage steam
engines which are also applicable to work in conjunction with Fig. 9 of my invention
and substantially as described & illustrated.
Dated this 25th day of October 1893.
AMY FRANCES DAVIES.