IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTOR ENGINES WORKED BY THE COM- BUSTION OF PETROLEUM OR OTHER LIQUID HYDROCARBONS.
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Julius Hock, of Vienna, Austria, but at present
of No. 26, Ely Place, Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTOR ENGINES WORKED BY THE COM-
BUSTION OF PETROLEUM OR OTHER LIQUID HYDROCARBONS.
Sealed the 2nd April 1874, and dated the 7th February 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Julius Hock at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th February 1874. ·
I, JULIUS HOCк, of Vienna, Austria, but at present of No. 26, Ely
Place, Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTOR ENGINES WORKED
BY THE COMBUSTION OF PETROLEUM OR OTHER LIQUID HYDROCARBONS," to be as
follows:-
:-
My Invention relates to the construction and operation of engines for
producing motive power by the combustion of petroleum and other
liquid hydrocarbons, such combustion producing pressure in a cylinder
to work a piston connected to a crank on a fly wheel shaft,

page_text: I provide a reservoir or feed vessel containing the combustible liquid
which may be maintained at a higher or lower level by means of an
adjustable plunger more or less immersed in the liquid. From this
vessel a pipe furnished with a check valve extends to a nozzle which
opens into the working cylinder near its end. I provide another nozzle
communicating with the outer air by a pipe furnished with a check
valve, and I arrange the two nozzles so that a current of air entering
the cylinder by the one strikes against and breaks into spray, a stream
of the combustible liquid entering by the other. I also provide other
openings furnished with check valves for the admission to the cylinder of
sufficient air to effect the combustion of the liquid charge. The air and
combustible liquid are drawn into the cylinder during a portion of the
stroke of the piston which is effected by the momentum of the fly
wheel. On the fly wheel shaft I provide a crank, eccentric, or cam,
which works the piston of a small blowing cylinder, or which preferably
works a bellows or alternately. compresses and permits the distension of
a caoutchouc ball or elastic receptacle. Valves are arranged so that air
drawn in at each stroke is by the return stroke forced through a quantity
of a volatile petroleum or hydrocarbon contained in a closed vessel. From
this vessel a portion of the air charged with combustible vapour passes
through a gasometer or regulator to supply a jet near an opening into
the working cylinder, where it is ignited and maintains a constant
flame.
Another portion of the air charged with combustible vapour is led by
a pipe to a nozzle near the flame jet and directed across it towards the
opening into the cylinder.
The stroke of the air-forcing apparatus is so timed with respect to
that of the working piston that when the latter has moved so far as to
draw into the cylinder a charge of the combustible mixture of air and
petroleum spray the former sends a jet of the air charged with com-
bustible vapour across the flame into the cylinder, whereby a flame is
carried into the cylinder and the mixture therein is ignited. The
increase of pressure produced by the combustion closes the check valves
of the inlets to the cylinder and propels the piston. By means of a
crank, cam, or eccentric, a valve or slide is opened during the return
stroke of the piston for the escape of the products of combustion.
The arrangements above described as applied at one end of the
cylinder may be repeated, at the other end so as to render the engine

page_text: double acting. In order to keep the cylinder cool it may be enclosed in
a water jacket.
The speed or power of the engine may be varied by altering by means
of the adjustable plunger the level of the combustible liquid in the feed
vessel, an elevation of the level causing the flow of a larger quantity of
spray into the cylinder and a proportionate augmentation of the working
force.
The working speed may be regulated by a governor acting on a valve
or slide so as to command the air supply to the cylinder. By admitting
more air the intensity of the combustion in the cylinder is diminished,
whilst by admitting less air it is augmented, and thus the pressure on
the piston is adjusted by the governor to the work performed by the
engine.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Julius Hock in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 1st August 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JULIUS
Hocк, of Vienna, Austria, but at present of No. 26, Ely Place, Holborn,
in the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of February, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Julius Hock, Her special license
that I, the said Julius Hock, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Julius Hock, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTOR ENGINES
WORKED BY THE COMBUSTION OF PETROLEUM OR OTHER LIQUID HYDROCARBONS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Julius Hock, my
executors, or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,

page_text: or their, or one of their hands and scals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Julius Hock, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that
is to say-
My Invention relates to the construction and operation of engines for
producing motive power by the combustion of petroleum and other
liquid hydrocarbons, such combustion producing pressure in a cylinder
to work a piston connected to a crank on a fly wheel shaft.
I provide a reservoir or feed vessel containing the combustible liquid
which may be maintained at a higher or lower level by means of an
adjustable plunger more or less immersed in the liquid. From this
vessel a pipe furnished with a check valve extends to a nozzle which
opens into the working cylinder near its end. I provide another nozzle
communicating with the outer air by a pipe furnished with a check
valve, and I arrange the two nozzles so that a current of air entering the
cylinder by the one strikes against and breaks into spray a stream of
the combustible liquid entering by the other. I also provide other
openings furnished with check valves for the admission to the cylinder
of sufficient air to effect the combustion of the liquid charge. The air
and combustible liquid are drawn into the cylinder during a portion of
the stroke of the piston which is effected by the momentum of the fly
wheel. On the fly wheel shaft I provide a crank, eccentric, or cam,
which works the piston of a small blowing cylinder, or which preferably
works a bellows or alternately compresses and permits the distension of
a caoutchouc ball or clastic receptacle. Valves are arranged so that air
drawn in at each stroke is by the return stroke forced through a quantity
of a volatile petroleum or hydrocarbon contained in a closed vessel.
From this vessel a portion of the air charged with combustible vapour
passes through a gasometer or regulator to supply a jet near an opening
into the working cylinder where it is ignited and maintains a constant
flame.

page_text: Another portion of the air charged with combustible vapour is led by
a pipe to a nozzle near the flame jet and directed across it towards
the opening into the cylinder.
The stroke of the air-forcing apparatus is so timed with respect to that
of the working piston that when the latter has moved so far as to draw
into the cylinder a charge of the combustible mixture of air and
petroleum spray the former sends a jet of the air charged with com-
bustible vapour across the flame into the cylinder, whereby a flame is
carried into the cylinder and the mixture therein is ignited. The
increase of pressure produced by the combustion closes the check valves
of the inlets to the cylinder and propels the piston. By means of a
crank, cam, or eccentric, a valve or slide is opened during the return
stroke of the piston for the escape of the products of combustion.
The arrangements above described as applied at one end of the
cylinder may be repeated at the other end so as to render the engine.
double acting. In order to keep the cylinder cool it may be enclosed
in a water jacket.
The speed or power of the engine may be varied by altering by means
of the adjustable plunger the level of the combustible liquid in the feed
vessel, an elevation of the level causing the flow of a larger quantity of
spray into the cylinder and a proportionate augmentation of the working
force.
The working speed may be regulated by a governor acting on a
valve or slide so as to command the air supply to the cylinder. By
admitting more air the intensity of the combustion in the cylinder is
diminished, whilst by admitting less air it is augmented, and thus the
pressure on the piston is adjusted by the governor to the work performed
by the engine.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 represents a side clevation, Fig. 2 a plan, and Fig. 3 an end
elevation of a petroleum motor engine according to this Invention.
Figs. 4 and 5 represent to an enlarged scale vertical sections of
portions hereafter referred to; and Fig. 6 represents to an enlarged
scale an elevation of the governor and a section of the valve box for air

page_text: cylinder Z and protected by a guard of bent plate N". Notwithstanding
the reciprocating action of the bellows R the issue of combustible fluid
by the burner N¹ is to a certain extent rendered uniform by means of
the gasometer M, and the issuing stream at N¹ being ignited a flame is
there maintained. From the vessel H another pipe J¹ leads to a nozzle J
directed across the flame at N¹. At every collapse of the bellows Ra
jet of the combustible mixture is made to issue by J across the flame N¹,
whereby it is ignited. The pipes K, N, and J' are indicated by dotted
lines in Fig. 5 to avoid confusion in the Drawing, the form and direction
of those pipes being dependent on the positions of the vessels H and M
which may be placed where convenient. Directly facing the jet J there
is an opening into the cylinder Z, this opening being covered by a
valve J opening inwards. The crank T being set on the engine shaft
so as to collapse the bellows R at the proper time when the pressure
within the cylinder Z is below that of the outer air, the valve J" being
then opened the jet from J, ignited by passing the flame N', enters the
cylinder and ignites therein the charge of air and combustible spray
drawn in by the nozzles E² and F. The combustion of the charge within
the cylinder produces a pressure therein exceeding that of the atmo-
sphere, whereby the valves E¹, F¹, and J" are closed and the piston is
propelled. As in the closing of the valve J" a portion of the fluid might
cscape and blow out the flame N', the guard plate N" protects the flame
against extinction. The piston being propelled during part of its stroke
as above described, acts to turn the crank V₁ by means of the connecting
rod V2 in the ordinary way, and a heavy fly wheel V on the crank shaft
stores up the momentum thus imparted to it and causes the piston to be
worked in those portions of its stroke where it is not subject to propelling
pressure. In making its back stroke the piston expels the products of
combustion from the cylinder, and during part of its forward stroke it
draws in the charge of air and combustible matter, which when ignited
as above described propels the piston over the rest of its forward stroke.
The issue of the products of combustion and the indraught of com-
bustible mixture are regulated as follows:-Near the cylinder cover is
fixed a valve box X communicating with the interior of the cylinder and
containing two valves b and c which both open inwards. The valve c is
worked by a rod W from an eccentric on the engine shaft, so set with
respect to the crank that while the piston is making its return stroke the
valve cis opened and permits the escape from the cylinder Z of the

page_text: products of the combustion within it. A passage from the valve c may
be led to a chimney or other outlet so as to avoid the vitiation of the
atmosphere of the engine room, or the products of combustion may be
conducted from c through pipes or chambers for heating purposes. A
slide might be substituted for the valve c. The valve being opened
more or less during the first part of the forward stroke of the piston
admits more or less air to the cylinder Z, and so checks or increases the
proportion of combustible matter also drawn in. The valve is con-
nected through a bent lever K2 with a rod worked by the lever g of an
ordinary centrifugal governor f,f. The rod consists of a tubular part d'
containing a spiral spring d encircling a rod e which is adjustable in
length by means of a nut e¹ so that the pressure of the spring & tending
to close the valve can be adjusted. It will be seen that as the
governor balls f,f, move outwards owing to an increase of speed in the
engine, the pressure of the spring d tending to close the valve bis
relieved. The valve therefore in such case admits a greater proportion
of air to the cylinder and consequently diminishes and dilutes the supply
of combustible matter so as to afford less working power. As the balls f
collapse in obedience to a reduction of speed the pressure of the spring d
is increased and the opening of the valve is thereby checked so as to
admit less air and more combustible matter into the cylinder, and
thereby to effect an increase in the working power.
Although for the sake of simplicity I have shewn and described a
horizontal single acting engine, it may be readily understood that the
cylinder could be placed vertically or in other attitudes, and that the
engine might be made double acting by applying at both ends of the
cylinder apparatus such as I have described for supplying and igniting
the combustible mixture, and for discharging the products of com-
bustion. I prefer in all cases to enclose the working cylinder Z within
a water jacket Z' for keeping it cool, and the circulation of water
through this jacket may be maintained by means of a pump U.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I claim in respect of petroleum
motor engines,-
First. Introducing by exhaust into the working cylinder a stream of
liquid hydrocarbon and breaking the same into spray within the cylinder
by a current of air also drawn into the cylinder, substantially as herein
described.

page_text: '
Second. The use of an adjustable plunger in the vessel containing the
hydrocarbon for the purpose of varying the level of the liquid therein
and thereby regulating the supply of combustible matter to the cylinder,
substantially as herein described.
Third. The use of the petroleum and air nozzles with their check
valves arranged so that the petroleum is broken into spray within the
cylinder as it is drawn thereinto with the air, substantially as herein.
described.
Fourth. The use of a centrifugal governor working an air supply
valve by an adjustable spring rod for the purpose of regulating the
speed of the engine by the greater or less dilution with air of the com-
bustible charge in the cylinder, substantially as herein described.
Fifth. The method substantially as herein described of igniting the
charge in the cylinder by the combined action of the bellows or air
pump R, naptha vessel H, gasometer M., nozzles N' and J, and the
aperture and valves J¹.
Sixth. The combination of the several apparatus referred to in the
preceding claims with a working cylinder, piston, connecting rod, crank
shaft, and fly wheel, so as to form a petroleum motor engine.
In witness whicreof, I, the said Julius Hock, have hereunto set
my hand and scal, this Twenty-third day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
TTTT TTIN HHOCK