IMPROVEMENTS IN WATCHES AND OTHER TIMEPIECES
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Hermann Francis Jung, of No. 4, Charles Street, in the
Parish of St. James, Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex, Watchmaker,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATCHES AND OTHER TIMEPIECES."
Sealed the 4th February 1879, in pursuance of an Order of the Lord Chancellor,
and dated the 3rd August 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Hermann Francis Jung at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd August 1878.
HERMANN FRANCIS JUNG, of No. 4, Charles Street, in the Parish of St. James,
Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex, Watchmaker. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WATCHES AND OTHER TIMEPIECES."
Whereas watches are sometimes made with a hand or indicator to show how far
the spring is wound up, and which contrivance is known as an up-and-down motion,
and is easily applied to watches having a fusee, but going-barrel watches are rarely
if ever so made, on account of the imperfections and complicated nature of the con-
trivances for the purpose.
Now my Invention has for its object the construction of a more nearly perfect
arrangement than any heretofore invented for an up-and-down motion for going-
barrel watches.
An up-and-down motion is easily applied to a fusee watch, because one end of the
spring being fixed to a fixed arbor, both the barrel and the fusee move in one direc-
tion while the watch is being wound, and in the other or reverse direction while it
is going. In a going-barrel watch, on the contrary, neither end of the spring is
fixed to the stationary parts of the watch, nor does the barrel move alternately in
reverse directions, but the motion of the barrel is always in one direction, and the
winding is accomplished by turning the arbor on which the spring is fixed in the
same direction, hence no relation exists between the spring and the fixed parts,
Posina 1

page_text: which can be utilized for the purpose of constructing a perfect up-and-down
motion.
Since the introduction of keyless winding the fusee has been less used on account
of the complicated nature of the winding work, and its liability to get out of order,
preference being given to the going barrel. Now in fusee watches the up-and-down
was much less necessary than in those with a going barrel, for the former can be
properly adjusted and the stop-work made strong, but in going-barrel watches the
stop-work is the weakest part, and in order that the watch may keep good time it
should be wound up at regular intervals, and not wound up quite to the end, or
allowed to run quite down.
Many attempts have been made to construct an up-and-down motion for going-
barrel watches, but none of the Inventions for that purpose have come into general
use owing to their being complicated or imperfect, some of them being accurate only
under certain conditions, while in some others the indicator moves only periodically,
say, every four or eight hours.
Now my Invention consists in connecting the arbor on which the spring is fixed
with the going barrel in such a manner that any movement of one of them in rela-
tion to the other will be shown by an indicator so arranged that it will at all times
point out how far the spring is wound up, or, preferably, how many hours the watch
will go without being further wound. The arrangement which I find best adapted
to accomplish this I construct as follows:-On the arbor of the going barrel, near
one end of it, I place two small wheels or pinions, the lower and larger one being
fixed to and moving with the arbor, the upper and smaller one turning freely on and.
independently of the arbor. These work into and respectively drive and are driven
by two small wheels which are fixed together concentrically, one immediately above
the other, the lower and smaller one of them being driven by the lower one of those
on the arbor, and the larger and upper one of them driving the upper one of those on
the arbor. These two wheels have an orbital motion round those first described, and
are mounted on an annular piece resting on the going barrel, and connected with it
and with the wheel fixed on the arbor by ratchets and pawls. The upper of the
two wheels on the arbor drives a large wheel, the axle of which carries the
indicator.
I also use a modification of the construction above described, in which the wheel
which is driven by that fixed on the arbor rolls between that and a set of teeth
facing inwards from a larger wheel or ring on the barrel.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Hermann Francis Jung in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
6th February 1879.
HERMANN FRANCIS JUNG, of No. 4, Charles Street, in the Parish of Saint James,
Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex, Watchmaker. “IMPROVEMENTS IN
WATCHES AND OTHER TIMEPIECES."
Whereas watches are sometimes made with a hand or indicator to show how far
the spring is wound up, and which contrivance is known as an up-and-down motion,
and
easily applied to watches having a fusee, but going-barrel watches are rarely
if ever so made, on account of the imperfections and complicated nature of the con-
trivances for the purpose.
Now my Invention has for its object the construction of a more nearly perfect
arrangement than any heretofore invented for an up-and-down motion for going-
barrel watches.
An up-and-down motion is easily applied to a fusee watch, because one end of the
spring being fixed to a fixed arbor both the barrel and the fusee move in one direc-
tion while the watch is being wound, and in the other or reverse direction while it
is going. In a going-barrel watch, on the contrary, neither end of the spring is
fixed to the stationary parts of the watch, nor does the barrel move alternately in
reverse directions, but the motion of the barrel is always in one direction, and the
winding is accomplished by turning the arbor on which the spring is fixed in the
same direction, hence no relation exists between the spring and the fixed parts,
which can be utilized for the purpose of constructing a perfect up-and-down
motion.
Since the introduction of keyless winding the fusee has been less used on account
of the complicated nature of the winding work, and its liability to get out of order,
preference being given to the going barrel. Now in fusee watches the up-and-down
was much less necessary than in those with a going barrel, for the former can be
properly adjusted and the stop-work made strong, but in going-barrel watches the
stop-work is the weakest part, and in order that the watch may keep good time it
should be wound up at regular intervals, and not wound up quite to the end, or
allowed to run quite down.
Many attempts have been made to construct an up-and-down motion for going-
barrel watches, but none of the Inventions for that purpose have come into general
use owing to their being complicated or imperfect, some of them being accurate only
under certain conditions, while in some others the indicator moves only periodically,
say, every four or eight hours.
Now my Invention consists in connecting the arbor on which the spring is fixed
with the going barrel in such a manner that any movement of one of them in rela-
tion to the other will be shewn by an indicator so arranged that it will at all times
point out how far the spring is wound up, or, preferably, how many hours the watch
will go without being further wound. The principal difficulty in constructing such
an arrangement consists in obtaining for each turn of the spring when the watch is
being wound, and when it is going, an equal motion of the indicator in opposite
directions. It is the solution of this difficulty, by mounting part of the arrange-
ment on a revolving platform moved and controlled by ratchets and pawls and by
the action of the wheels as herein-after described, that forms the essential feature of
novelty of my Invention. The arrangement which I find best adapted to accom-
plish this I construct as follows:-On the arbor of the going barrel, near one end of
it, I place two small wheels or pinions, the lower and larger one being fixed to and
moving with the arbor, the upper and smaller one turning freely on and indepen-
dently of the arbor. These work into and respectively drive and are driven by two
small wheels which are fixed together concentrically one immediately above the

page_text: other, the lower and smaller one of them being driven by the lower one of those on
the arbor, and the larger and upper one of them driving the upper one of those on the
arbor. These two wheels have an orbital motion round those first described, and
are mounted on a revolving platform resting on the going barrel, and connected
with it and with the wheel fixed on the arbor by ratchets and pawls. The upper
of the two wheels on the arbor drives a large wheel the axle of which carries the
indicator, such large. wheel working in a plane clear of the wheels having an orbital
motion.
In order that my said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now proceed
more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose shall refer to the
séveral Figures on the annexed Sheet of Drawings, the same letters of reference
indicating corresponding parts in all the Figures.
Figure 1 is a plan of my Invention, the adjacent and covering parts of the watch
being removed to enable its construction to be clearly shown; Figure 2 is a section
of the same; and Figure 3 represents some of the parts separately, each in plan,
section, and elevation.
.
A represents the arbor; B, the barrel; C, the small wheel keyed on the arbor;
D and E, wheels fixed together concentrically, and turning on a common axle F,
which is fixed to the revolving platform G. The wheel D is in gear with the
wheel C, and the wheel E with the wheel H, which latter gears into the wheel J
which carries the index L on the face of the watch.
The revolving platform G works on a pivot K turned on the wheel C, and carries
a pawl M which takes into the wheel C as into a ratchet. On the outer edge of the
platform G are teeth serving as a ratchet, and held by a pawl N attached to the
barrel B.
The proportions which I prefer to make use of for the various parts are as follows,
videlicet: The wheel C twenty teeth, the wheel D twenty teeth, the wheel E
forty teeth, the wheel H twenty teeth, and the wheel J about one hundred to one
hundred and twenty teeth or more, more or less, as it may be desired to give the
indicator a longer or shorter sweep; and the platform G should have the same
number of teeth as has the winding ratchet wheel on the barrel arbor. The pro-
portions of these wheels may be varied, provided they are so arranged that the so-
called value of the train is expressed by the number two, whereby one revolution
of the arbor in the one case, or one revolution of the barrel in the other case, will
produce an equal motion of the wheel H, but in opposite directions, as, for
example, if the wheel C has forty teeth, D twenty, E twenty, and H twenty,
the action is as follows:-When the watch is being wound the arbor A is turned in
the direction of the arrow P, and carries with it the wheel C, which by the action
of the pawl M carries with it the revolving platform G, together with the wheels D
and E, the same cogs of the wheels C and D remaining in contact during the whole
revolution, and similarly the same cogs of E and H remaining in contact, the
wheel H is carried one revolution on its axis in the direction of the arrow P, which
it communicates to the wheel J. When the watch is going, one revolution of the
barrel B, acting by the pawl N on the platform G, carries it, and with it the wheels
D and E, once round in their orbital motion. In doing this the pawl M
the teeth of the wheel C, which remains stationary, and the wheel
with C, is turned on its own axis, making two revolutions on its axis while making
one in its orbit. The wheel E, revolving with D, communicates motion to the
wheel H; now if E and I were of equal size the two axial revolutions of E would
not produce any motion in the wheel H, being the necessary accompaniment of its
orbital motion, but as E is larger than H, the additional motion, amounting to one
revolution of H on its own axis, but in the direction opposite to that produced by
the motion of the arbor, is communicated to H, and from H to J, thus producing an
equal motion, videlicet, one revolution of the wheel H in one direction for one
revolution of the arbor in winding, and in the opposite direction for one revolution
of the barrel when the watch is going.
passes over
being in gear
Having now fully described and set forth the nature and object of my said

page_text: Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I wish it to be under-
stood that what I claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in
part recited Letters Patent is, constructing an up-and-down motion for going-barrel
watches or other timepieces with a going barrel, whether keyless or otherwise,
substantially in the manner and for the purpose set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Hermann Francis Jung, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fourth day of February, in the year of our Lord
1879
Signed and sealed by the above-
named Hermann Francis Jung
in the presence of
F. W. NEWNHAM,
Clerk to Newnham Browne,
Patent Agent,
91, Queen Street,
HERMANN FRANCIS JUNG. (L.S.)
Cheapside, E.C.