IMPROVE- MENTS IN FENCING
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Bayliss, junior, and Samuel Bayliss, both of the
Firm of Bayliss, Jones, and Bayliss, of Wolverhampton, in the County of
Stafford, Manufacturers of Iron Fencing, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FENCING."
Sealed the 9th April 1878, and dated the 12th February 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Bayliss and Samuel
Bayliss at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th February
1878.
WILLIAM BAYLISS, junior, and SAMUEL BAYLISS, both of the Firm of Bayliss,
Jones, and Bayliss, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Manufacturers of
Iron Fencing.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FENCING."
The Invention relates,-
First. To improvements in continuous tubular fencing.
Second. To improvements in tubular hurdles.
Third. To improvements in "corrimony" or swing fencing.
And, Fourth. To an improvement in tubular fencing generally..
The improvements in continuous tubular fencing are as follows:-The joints of
the tubular bars are made by means of a short interior tube or solid dowel instead
of the usual socket outside the tubes. The interior tube or dowel is passed through
the upright at which the joint occurs, and the tubular bars are butted up against
the upright; or the joint may occur between two uprights, the ends of the tubes in
this case butting against each other. One of the bars, preferably the second bar
from the top, and when desired, other of the bars also, are made in short lengths,
each length being the exact distance between two contiguous uprights, and thus the
uprights are held firmly in place.
The improvements in tubular hurdles consist as follows:-The intermediate
uprights are maintained in position by making one of the bars, preferably the

page_text: second bar from the top, and when desired, other of the bars also, in short lengths
as described, for continuous tubular fencing, and making the joints in the manner
described; or the intermediate uprights may be maintained in position by forming
the tubular bars slightly cranked at their connections with the intermediate
uprights.
The improvements in "corrimony" or swing fencing consist as follows:-The
intermediate uprights or "droppers" are made from tube iron, and are covered in
at each end with a cap or pendant. Each cap and pendant is formed with a wedge-
shaped inner end, having a niche or recess at the base of the wedge to fit the wire
passing through the tube. The wedge-shaped part is formed on one side of the
centre line of the cap or pendant. As the cap or pendant is forced into the end of
the "dropper" the wire is sprung out of line until the niche is level with the
wire, at which point the wire springs back into the niche, and thus securely retains
the cap or pendant; or the inner end of the cap or pendant is formed with a hori-
zontal inclined plane-shaped or plan to pass down between the wire and one side of
the tube, in which case the cap or pendant, after being inserted into the end of the
tube is twisted round and the inclined plane thus forces the wire out of line verti-
cally towards the nearer end of the tube, whereby the cap or pendant and also the
dropper," are securely retained in position."
"
The improvement in tubular fencing generally consists in using steel tubes,
which are lighter than the iron tubes heretofore used.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Bayliss and Samuel Bayliss in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 17th May 1878.
WILLIAM BAYLISS (formerly William Bayliss, junior), and SAMUEL BAYLISS, both
of the Firm of Bayliss, Jones, and Bayliss, of Wolverhampton, in the County of
Stafford, Manufacturers of Iron Fencing. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FENCING."
This Invention relates, -
First. To improvements in continuous tubular fencing.
Second. To improvements in tubular hurdles.
"
And, Third. To improvements in "corrimony", or swing fencing.
The improvements in continuous tubular fencing are as follows:-The joints of
the tubular bars are made by means of a short interior tube or solid dowel instead
of the usual socket outside the tubes. The interior tube or solid dowel is passed
through the upright at which the joint occurs, and the tubular bars are butted up
against the upright; or the joint may occur between two uprights, in which case
the ends of the tubes are butted against each other. One or more of the tubular
bars are made in short lengths, each length being the exact distance between two
contiguous uprights, and thus the uprights are securely held at their proper distance
apart, and maintained in an upright position.
The improvements in tubular hurdles consist as follows:-The tubular bars are
connected to the end uprights by means of short interior tubes or solid dowels,
which pass through the said uprights and into the ends of the hollow bars. The
tubular bars are butted up against the uprights, and the interior tubes or solid
dowels are riveted up at the outer sides of the uprights. The intermediate uprights
are maintained in position by making one or more of the tubular bars in short
lengths, as described, for continuous tubular fencing, and making the joints at the
intermediate uprights in the manner described for continuous tubular fencing.
The improvements in "corrimony" or swing fencing consist as follows:-The
intermediate uprights or "droppers" are made from tube iron, and are closed in at
each end with a cap or pendant. Each cap and pendant is formed with a wedge-
shaped inner end, having a niche or recess at the base of the wedge to receive the
wire passing through the tube. The wedge-shaped part is formed on one side of
the centre line of the cap or pendant. As the cap or pendant is forced into the
end of the "dropper" the wire is pushed out of line until the niche is level with
the wire, at which point the wire springs into the niche. The wire being thus
cranked or sprung somewhat out of line, securely retains the cap or pendant, and
also keeps the "doffer" in position.
For convenience of reference we will first describe the illustration of our Invention
as it relates to tubular hurdles ; next, the illustration of our Invention as it relates
to continuous fencing; and, lastly, the illustration of our Invention as it relates to
❝ corrimony or swing fencing.
"
Figure 1 is a scale Drawing of one-half of an iron hurdle, that is to say, one end
upright, the intermediate upright, and the tubular bars between. The tubular bars
are carried somewhat beyond the intermediate upright; the bars B, B, etc., are
made in lengths the exact distance between an end upright and the intermediate
upright. The remaining tubular bars are made the exact length between the two
end uprights, and consequently pass through holes formed in the intermediate
upright. Figures 2 and 3 are enlarged sections of joints.
Figure 2 illustrates the method of joining the tubular bars to the end uprights,
and Figure 3 the method of joining the tubular bars B, B, etc. at the intermediate
upright. Referring to Figure 2, C is the end upright; D, the end of a tubular bar;
and E the dowel. The outline of the part of the dowel within the tube is indi-
cated by a dotted line only, as in this case the dowel is preferred to be welded into
the tube. The dowel passes, through the upright C, and is riveted over as shewn.
The tube D' butts up against the upright C.

page_text: Referring to Figure 3, T is the intermediate upright; F, F, the ends of tubes
corresponding to two of the tubular bars B; B;, (see Figure 1) on opposite sides of
the intermediate upright, and G, the dowel. The dowel G is preferably welded into
one of the tubes F, and passes thence through the upright T into the other tube F,
thus keeping the tubes F in position. The tubes F butt against the upright T, and
thus keep it also in its proper position. When the dowels are welded into the end
of a tube they are preferably made solid. When the dowels are formed of tube
iron they are made about the same length as when solid.
Figure 4 is a small scale Drawing of a portion of a continuous tubular fence.
The tubular bars H, H, etc., are made in the longest convenient lengths, and the
tubular bar K is made in short lengths, each length being the exact distance between
two contiguous uprights (for instance; a, a). The joints b; b, étc., are made as
illustrated by Figure 3; and the joints c, c, etc., are made as illustrated by Figure 5,
immediately to be referred to. Referring to Figure 5, L is an upright; M, M, the
ends of two tubes corresponding to two contiguous lengths of the tubular bar K.
N is the dowel which is preferably welded into one of the tubes M. The dowel
passes through the upright L and into the other tube M; a rivet O passes
through the tube and dowel as shewn; and the upright is thus kept securely in
position.
It is obvious that it is not necessary to the utility of the Invention that the
dowels should be welded, as shewn, for there are other obvious modes of connection
which would answer the purpose, as, for instance, holding the dowel by means of a
rivet, as shewn at Figure 5, driving the dowel tightly into the end of the tube, or
driving the dowel tightly into the upright, accordingly as may meet the special
circumstances of the joint. Nor is it necessary that the special tubular bars indi-
cated should be made up of short lengths.
One or more of the other tubular bars may be made in short lengths as well, or
instead thereof, as may be desired. The joints of the long tubular bars in con-
tinuous fencing also may be made between the two uprights, if desired, instead of
at the upright, the ends of the tubes in this case butting against each other.
We have described the method of connection and the arrangement of the joints
which at the present time we consider the most advantageous, but do not limit
ourselves to the special modification.
Figure 6. illustrates our improved cap or pendant for closing in the top and
bottom of our tubular "droppers" for "corrimony" or swing fencing, and for a
retaining the "droppers" in place. P is the tube; R, the wire passing through the
tube; and S, the cap or pendant (that is, cap when used for the top of the tube, and
pendant when used for the bottom).
It will readily be seen that the wedge-shaped part at the inner end of the cap
or pendant S will push the wire R towards one side of the tube P, as the cap or 4
pendant S is forced into the end of the tube, and that the wire R will spring
into the niche or recess, as shewn, when the cap or pendant is forced "home."
Figure 7 is a modification of Figure 6, shewing the cap or pendant with a straight,
or nearly straight part, in place of the niche. In this Figure, R¹, S¹, and P¹, corre-
spond respectively to R, S, and P in Figure 6. The cap or pendant, as shewn in 4
Figure 7, may be driven out from the end of the "dropper" when it is desired to
remove the "dropper." In both arrangements the wire is shewn to be permanently
forced somewhat out of the centre.
The exact configuration of the cap or pendant is not necessary to the utility of
the Invention, so that a suitable wedge-shaped part, and niche, or recess, or straight &
part, are employed. We have shewn the configuration which at the present time we
consider the most advantageous, but do not limit ourselves thereto.
Having thus stated the nature of our said Invention, and shewn the method of
carrying out the same in practice, we declare that we claim as our Invention, and
desire to secure by Letters Patent,―
5
"
1st. Joining the horizontal bars of continuous tubular fencing by means of
interior tubes or solid dowels, substantially as described and shown

page_text: 2nd. Forming one or more of the horizontal bars of continuous tubular fencing
in short lengths, the said short lengths being the distance between the two con-
tiguous uprights, and joining or connecting the said short lengths by means of short
interior tubes or solid dowels, substantially as and for the purpose described and
shewn.
3rd. Joining the ends of horizontal bars of tubular hurdles to the end
uprights by means of short interior tubes or solid dowels, substantially as shewn
and described.
4th. Forming one or more of the horizontal bars of tubular hurdles in short
lengths, the said short lengths being the distance between an end upright and
the intermediate upright, or between two contiguous intermediate uprights (if
more than one upright is used), and joining or connecting the said short lengths by
means of short interior tubes or solid dowels, substantially as and for the purpose
described and shewn.
5th. Constructing the "droppers" of "corrimony," or swing fencing of tube
iron.
6th. Covering in the ends of tubular "droppers" for "corrimony" or swing
fencing, with caps and pendants, each having a wedge-shaped part, and a niche or
recess, or a wedge-shaped part and straight part, substantially as and for the
purpose described and shewn.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Bayliss, for myself and on behalf
of the said Samuel Bayliss, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this
Fifteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-eight.
-
Witness,
STEPHEN WATKINS,
Assoc. Inst. C. E.,
Patent Office,
Wolverhampton.
WILLIAM BAYLISS. (L.S.)