IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ACCELERATING THE FORMATION OF CREAM IN FRESH MILK
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki, of the Firm of J. Brandt
and G. W. v. Nawrocki, of Berlin, in Prussia, Engineers and Patent Agents, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ACCELERATING THE
FORMATION OF CREAM IN FRESH MILK." A communication from the Firm of
W. Lefeldt and Lentsch, of Schöningen, in Brunswick.
ealed the 21st August 1877, and dated the 16th March 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Gerard Wenzelaus von
Nawrocki at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th March
1877.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W.
v. Nawrocki, of Berlin, in Prussia, Engineers and Patent Agents. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR ACCELERATING THE FORMATION OF CREAM IN FRESH MILK."
(A communication from the Firm of W. Lefeldt and Lentsch, of Schöningen, in
Brunswick.)
In constructing this apparatus for accelerating the formation of cream in fresh
milk by the application of centrifugal force in the manner herein-after described, tho
main objects kept in view are, as much as possible, to prevent the milk during the
operation from being shaken or ruffled; also to make the apparatus as easily
accessible, as simple in construction, and as convenient for rinsing or cleaning as
possible.
To the sole plate of the apparatus is fixed a vertical cylindrical casing, by
preference made of wrought iron, and closed by a strong top cover attached by
screws passing through slot holes or otherwise, so as to be easily removed and
attached. The casing is open at each side at its lower part, and in the lower part
of its upper cylindrical part fixed a cross bar or bracket with interposed india-
rubber packing for giving a certain amount of elasticity and for preventing shocks;
this cross bar carries the upper bearing for a vertical spindle.
The bearing brass or bush is provided with india-rubber rings for giving a
certain elasticity or freedom in the bearing against the inside of which they fit, and
thus prevent vibrations or shocks when the vertical spindle is driven at a high
speed; the bush is kept from turning by a set scrow. The bottom brass or bush for

page_text: the vertical spindle is of a bellied form, and is kept from turning (by a set screw
inserted at its largest diameter. The bearing in which the bush is inserted is
parallel and of the largest diameter of the bush; the latter rests thereon with a
flange with an interposed india-rubber or other elastic washer. The spindle rests
on a steel disc, which by a screw below can be easily removed for changing.
The dirty oil may be drawn off from the lower bearing by taking out a screw
plug or opening a tap. The vertical spindle carries at its conical upper end a
cylindrical vessel or drum closed below and fitted with a ring cover, by preference,
screwed on and with india-rubber packing between. This vessel is fitted with
removable partitions; some, the outer ones, extending up to the ring cover; others,
the inner ones, of less height; these latter may conveniently be held in place by a
disc or washer on the vertical spindle; all the partitions fit between small pegs on
the inner circumference of the drum and on the boss or nave. There are one or
more plugs or taps below for letting off the skimmed milk and the water used for
rinsing the vessel. The spindle has a strap pulley driven from another strap pulley,
the strap being tightened by a jockey pulley with an adjustable hand lever fitted
with adjustable weight.
In order conveniently to count the number of revolutions of the centrifugal
vessel, and thus control the work a large disc driven by strap or gut passing round
the vertical spindle is mounted on the apparatus, and a peg on this disc strikes a
bell for each revolution.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 15th September 1877.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W.
v. Nawrocki, of Berlin, in Prussia, Engineers and Patent Agents. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR ACCELERATING THE FORMATION OF CREAM IN FRESH MILK."
A communication from the Firm of W. Lefeldt and Lentsch, of Schöningen, in
Brunswick.
In constructing this apparatus for accelerating the formation of cream in fresh
milk by the application of centrifugal forco in the manner hercin-after described, the
main objects kept in view are, as much as possible, to prevent the milk during the
operation from being shaken or ruffled; also to make the apparatus as easily
accessible, as simple in construction, and as convenient for rinsing or cleaning as
possible.
To the sole plate of the apparatus is fixed a vertical cylindrical casing, by
preference made of wrought iron, and closed by a strong top cover attached by
screws passing through slot holes or otherwise so as to be easily removed and
attached. The casing is open at each side at its lower part, and in the lower part
of its upper cylindrical part is fixed a cross bar or bracket with interposed india-
rubber packing for giving a certain amount of elasticity and for preventing shocks
this cross bar carries the upper bearing for a vertical spindle.
;
The bearing brass or bush is provided with india-rubber rings for giving a
certain elasticity or freedom in the bearing against the inside of which they fit, and
thus prevent vibrations or shocks when the vertical spindle is driven at a high
speed; the bush is kept from turning by a set screw. The bottom brass or bush for
the vertical spindle is of a bellied form, and is kept from turning by a set screw
inserted at its largest diameter. The bearing in which the bush is inserted is
parallel and of the largest diameter of the bush; the latter rests thereon with a
Hange with an interposed india-rubber or other clastic washer. The spindle rests
on a steel disc, which by a scrow below can be easily removed for changing.
The dirty oil may be drawn off from the lower bearing by taking out a screw
plug or opening a tap. The vertical spindle carries at its conical upper end a

page_text: cylindrical vessel or drum closed below and fitted with a ring cover, by preference,
screwed on and with india-rubber packing between. This vessel is fitted with
removeable partitions; some, the outer ones, extending up to the ring cover; others,
the inner. ones, of less height; these latter may conveniently be held in place by a
disc or washer on the vertical spindle; all the partitions fit between small pegs on
the inner circumference of the drum and on the boss or nave. There are one or
more plugs or taps below for letting off the skimmed milk and the water used for
rinsing the vessel. The spindle has a strap pulley driven from another strap pulley,
the strap being 'tightened by a jockey pulley with an adjustable hand lever fitted
with adjustable weight.
In order conveniently to count the number of revolutions of the centrifugal
vessel and thus control the work a large disc driven by strap or gut passing round
the vertical spindle is mounted on the apparatus, and a peg on this disc strikes a
bell for each revolution.
Fig. 1 of the the accompanying Drawings represents a side elevation partly in
section; Figure 2, a plan, and Figure 3, an end view, partly in section, of an
apparatus constructed according to this Invention.
Figures 4, 5, and 6, aro details of various parts of the drum,
a is the bed plate to which is fixed the cylindrical mantle b provided with a
strong cover c, which is fixed by means of scrows & rivetted thereto and by nuts ;
the screws pass through slots in the cover, so that the latter can be removed by
giving it a slight turn, the nuts having first been loosened. To the interior of the
cylindrical mantle bis fixed a cross or bracket f which carries the bearing for the
vertical spindle g of the revolving drum h. h¹ are pieces of india-rubber between the
feet of the bracket f, where they are fixed to interior of the mantle b, in order to
afford a certain amount of elasticity. The mantle b is cut away at two opposite
sides below, as shown, in order to give room for driving strap, and for placing
receiving vessels underneath the drum . The bed plate a carries a central boss for
the reception of a brass bush i of a bellied circular shape, as shown, to allow the
vertical spindle a certain amount of lateral freedom all round. The bush i is kept
from turning by means of a screw; is an india-rubber washer between the flango
of the bushi and the boss of the sole plate; it is a steel disc on which the bottom
of the spindle g rests, and a screw serving to remove it when worn out. The gun
metal bush m in the boss of the bracket f is fitted with india-rubber washers n
taking a bearing against the inside of the boss; shocks are thus prevented and a
certain amount of freedom given to the spindle and drum. The bush is kept from
turning by means of a screw o. The drum is fixed on the spindle by the cast
iron or brass boss p, which in this case is cast in one with the bottom 7.
The annular cover 8 also shewn separately at Fig. 6 is flanged upwards and
has handles t; it is preferably fastened to the drum by screw thread of such a
direction as not to get loose by the revolution, and kept tight by india-rubber
packing ring; or it might be rivetted or otherwise fastened thereto; u, u, are outer
radial partitions in the drum h, the whole height thereof, also shewn separately at
Figure 4, and u¹ are inner radial partitions about half the height, also shewn
separately at Figure 5; the partitions all fit between grooves, small pegs vll on the
inside of the drum, and the outside of the boss b. The nut g¹ on the spindle g and
the washer serve to hold the partitions partly or wholly in place; w, w, are
valves or stop screws for letting off the skimmed milk and the water used for
rinsing out the drum; is a strap pulley on the spindle, g, by preference secured
thereto by screwing; y is a strap transmitting motion from the driving pulley A.
on the shaft B, which is driven from some shafting or motor; D is a jockey pulley
at the end of a bell-crank lever E; F is a weight which is adjustable on the lever G
which is adjustably fixed to the lever E. The strap y can thus be tightened as
required or loosened altogether.
In order to count the number of revolutions and thus control the work the
pulley & on the pin ß is worked off the spindle g, the pulley a has a ner ồ, which

page_text: :
for each revolution moves a hammer ¹ that strikes a bell λ; these bell strokes may
then easily be counted.
The milk which is to be skimmed is put in the drum fresh, preferably as it comes
from the cow; the shaft B is then put in motion, and by gentle pressure with the
jockey pulley D, the apparatus is gradually put in motion until the maximum or
normal speed is attained. In the course of at most about twenty minutes the cream
has been formed and separated from the skimmed milk. In order to do this the drum
must be brought to a state of rest without shocks and vibration. For this purpose
the lever G is thrown over so that the jockey pulley does not touch the strap y.
The spindle then revolves by its momentum only and will gradually stop. In the
course of a few minutes the cream may then be drawn off, either by a syphon or
through the valves w, the partitions a, u³, are first taken out. The apparatus can,
as will be observed, be easily and perfectly rinsed.
And having thus described and ascertained the nature of this Invention, I declare
that I claim for apparatus for facilitating or expediting the formation of cream in
fresh milk,-
Firstly. The application of a drum h with unperforated walls, and provided with
radial removeable partitions as set forth.
Secondly. The application of a jockey pulley for preventing shocks, as set
forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this First day of September, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
GERARD WENZESLAUS v. NAWROCKI. (L.S.)