IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING: RIVETS, SCREW BLANKS, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1836

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ALEXANDER
STOCKER, of Bordesley Iron Works, and HENRY DOWNING, of French Walls
Iron Works, both of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Gentlemen,
send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-ninth day of November, in the seventh year of His
reign, did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Alexander Stocker and Henry Downing, His especial licence, full power,.
sole privilege and authority, that we, the said Alexander Stocker and Henry
Downing, our exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as wė, the said
Alexander Stocker and Henry Downing, our exors, admors, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, our Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING:
RIVETS, SCREW BLANKS, AND OTHER ARTICLES;" in which said Letters Patent is
contained a proviso that we, the said Alexander Stocker and Henry Downing,
or one of us, shall cause a particular description. of the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled
in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent,.
as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at
large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
Alexander Stocker and Henry Downing, do hereby declare the nature of our
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference
being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters
marked thereon (that is to say): :-
Our Invention consists,--
First, in a mode of constructing dies for the making of rivets, pins, and
screw blanks, whereby the manufacture of the same will be improved.
And,
Secondly, our improvements relate to a mode of making bur or nut iron,
as will be hereafter fully described.
It is well known that, according to the ordinary modes of forming dies for
making the heads of screw blanks, rivets, and large iron pins or bolts, labour
and consequent cost is expended. Now the object of the first part of our In-
vention is a particular mode of casting such dies. And in order to acomplish
this part of our Invention, we first prepare a core of the intended size and
shape of the die, and having by such means produced a mould we insert an
accurately formed iron pin, bolt, or rivet, or screw blank of the size the die is
intended to make, in such manner that a die may be produced by casting with
iron which is to be poured into the mould, and when nearly cold, the model of the
pin, rivet, or screw blank is to be struck out; by this means a die of a cheap
construction will be obtained, yet equally useful as if made by forging of iron,
and brushing with steel, as is the usual practice. And in order to give strength
to such dies, we prefer to form them as is shewn in Figure 1, in order to
receive a ring of wrought iron, as shewn at a; such ring of wrought iron
being, when cold, somewhat smaller than the circumference of the die, but on
being heated will readily pass on, and in cooling shrink and bind fast on to
the die, by this means much greater strength will be obtained; and we would
recommend that in making the larger screw blanks, rivets, and pins, that
rolled bars of iron with enlarged surfaces, as at b, Figure 2, which being
divided at e, will facilitate making of a good and sufficient head, round, square,
or otherwise, without having to reduce the comparatively thin rod into an
enlarged head. We would remark, that in using the above described dies, we
prefer a powerful crank press to form the head.
Having thus described the first part of our Invention, we will now proceed to
describe the mode of making square screw nut or bur iron, which consists
in rolling iron marked or partly cut into the square shape desired, and partly
pressed through for the hole to be stamped, and afterwards tapped or, screwed

page_text: according to the ordinary mode of making burs or nuts; they are cut from
plain bar of iron or forged, and our improvements consist in nearly forming
the same by the mere act of rolling the iron into bars.
Figure 3 shows the section of a pair of rollers suitable for accomplishing
this part of our Invention, and Figure 4 shows part of a bar of iron produced.
The better way of making such rollers, though we do not confine ourselves
thereto, is to combine a series of plates of iron together on axes or spindles
of the thickness the bar of iron is intended to be wide; on to the surfaces
are to be affixed or formed projecting punches f, f, at such intervals that one
of such studs shall come at the centre of each nut or bar, and produce an
indentation or recess, as will readily be understood on an examination of the
Drawing. 9, 9, are a series of edges or blades, which partly divide the bar
of iron into equal parts, each part to form a square nut, and partly pressed
or punched through with the punches f. It will readily be seen that the
heated iron in passing between the rollers (which are driven by toothed wheels
and at equal speeds) will be made into a bar partly divided into squares and
partly perforated, as above described; and it should be stated that although
only one roller is shown in the Drawing to have the punches f and the cutting
edges g, the same may be applied to both rollers, care being observed that they
accurately correspond, and punch and cut-accurately opposite each other.
Bars of iron thus produced may be more readily and accurately made; by
this means it will be seen that a considerable saving of weight of iron will
be made, owing to the parts where the cut is made, and where the punching has
been partly accomplished, producing very thin and light places. And it will
also be seen that in manufacturing burs from this rolled bar, that they will be
made more accurate through the workman having his iron mechanically
callipened out by this means of rolling, and will get over much more work
in the same given time.
Having thus described the second part of our Invention, we would have
it understood that we do not confine ourselves to the making of the rollers of
a series of plates, for they may be made in the solid, and the punches and
cutting edges may be formed thereon or affixed. But what we claim as the
second part of our Invention is the preparing of bars of iron for burs or nuts,
as above described, by means of rollers.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Stocker, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-seven.
ALEXR STOCKER. (L.S.)

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-sixth day of May,
in the year of our Lord 1837, the aforesaid Alexander Stocker came before
our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specifi-
cation aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Twenty-ninth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and thirty-seven.