A Hydraulic Pressure Grinding Machine for Cement, Clinker, and other Hard Substances.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Apr., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 31st Dec., 1890-Accepted, 31st Jan., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A Hydraulic Pressure Grinding Machine for Cement, Clinker, and
other Hard Substances.
I, JOHN GEORGE FREEMAN of Studa Villas Frindsbury, Strood in the County
of Kent Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for A. HYDRAULIC
PRESSURE GRINDING MACHINE FOR CEMENT CLINKER &c. to be as
follows :-
This invention relates a method of constructing a grinding machine, wherein
hydraulic pressure is applied, to grind cement clinker and other hard substances;
and the manner in which the same is to be performed is particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement.
:
The general arrangement of the machine, consist in having a hydraulic cylinder
and ram fixed over the centre of a horizontal revolving frame, in which are
mounted on suitable spindles and bearings, three edge runners. These edge runners
are made to roll in a circular path on a horizontal disc shaped plate, forming the
base of machine the parts being so constructed and arranged, that hydraulic
pressure accumulated in hydraulic cylinder is made to force the edge runners down
upon the horizontal disc shaped plate, as they roll thereon, and cement clinker or
other hard substances are fed between them. Also in having an adjustable
revolving grinding curb, constructed in a manner, as hereinafter described, attached
to the under side of horizontal revolving frame, and running in close proximity to
the outer edge of horizontal disc shaped plate; this part being so constructed and
arranged that when the cement clinker or other hard substance has reached the
outer edge of machine, after having been pulverized and ground between the
runners, and horizontal disc shaped plate, it separate the fine from the coarser
portion; causing the former to pass out of the machine between it, the revolving
curb and bottom plate, and forcing the latter again under the runners, there to be
further reduced.
The machine is mounted on a suitable frame, or foundation, in which are arranged
the driving wheels, and a vertical spindle. This spindle is made to pass up
through a neck bearing, and stuffing box, fixed in the centre of the before mentioned
disc shaped plate, and in which the spindle revolves. The top end of vertical
spindle, which project above the disc shaped plate, is squared, or otherwise so shaped,
as to form a driving end for and in connection with the horizontal revolving frame,
also before mentioned.
In
This said frame is a circular ring of inverted U section, having three pairs of
bearings attached to its lower side, with their axis radiating from the centre.
these bearings and between the inverted U section are three spindles on which are
mounted the three edge runners.
In the centre of the ring shaped frame and attached thereto by means of three
arins, which also form the inner bearings, is a boss, in the under side of which is
made a square, or other suitable shaped recess, to receive the top end of vertical
driving spindle; and on the top is made a step box into which is fitted a suitable
step to receive the bottom end of a thrust rod, that transmit the force from
hydraulic cylinder and ram, to horizontal revolving frame. Between the three
arins connecting the centre boss with the inverted U shaped ring, are three openings,
through which the cement clinker is fed onto the disc shaped plate below. On the
top of this said plate, and mounted on the driving spindle, is a revolving disperser,
which sweep the clinker or other hard substance from the centre of the machine
into the running path of the edge runners.
At a suitable distance above, and immediately over the centre of the horizontal

page_text: revolving frame, is an inverted hydraulic cylinder and ram, which is supported by
means of four standards; the bottom end of these standards are fixed to the frame
or foundation, and to the top end are attached the four ends of a ✗ or other
suitable shaped frame, in the centre of which is secured the inverted hydraulic
cylinder. In the outward and lower end of hydraulic ram, is formed a suitable
receptacle, into which is inserted the top end of thrust rod, before described, as
transmitting the force from hydraulic cylinder and ram, to horizontal revolving
frame.
Attached to hydraulic cylinder, or placed in any convenient position, which may
be some distance from the machine, is a hydraulic accumulator and pump, this
being connected to cylinder by means of pipe connections.
Around the outer edge of horizontal disc shaped plate, and revolving in close
proximity thereto, is a grinding curb, which said curb is attached to the under
side of inverted U shaped ring frame, by means of suitable slings.
On the inside of the curb are three projections, so formed, that they sweep any
insufficiently pulverized material into the running path of the runners, and cause the
finer portion to pass between the revolving grinding curb and bottom plate. The
outer edge of disc shaped plate over which the curb revolves, is inclined downwards,
about 30° from the horizontal, and the under side, or grinding face of curb, is made
to nearly correspond with this inclination, but with sufficient difference to form a
throat, or entrance, on the inside of curb, for the material to enter between the
grinding faces.
In constructing the horizontal disc shaped plate, and grinding curb, which are
made from hard cast steel or iron, I insert at frequent intervals in the grinding faces,
in the process of casting, a series of thin metal plates; these plates are made from
soft steel or iron, and are inserted in such a manner, as to present their edges to
the grinding face of curb and bottom plate.
After the machine has worked for a short time, the soft steel or iron plates, are
worn slightly below the general surface of the hard grinding faces, and thereby
forn breakers for and of the material passing between them.
Dated this 18th day of April 1890.
JOHN GEORGE FREEMAN.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A Hydraulic Pressure Grinding Machine for Cement, Clinker, and
other Hard Substances.
JOHN GEORGE FREEMAN Studd Villas Frindsbury Strood in the County of
Kent Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
This invention relates to a method of constructing a grinding machine, wherein
hydraulic pressure is applied to grind cement-clinker and other hard substances.
That my invention and the means by which it is carried into practical effect may
be fully understood, I will now proceed to describe the same in detail, referring in
so doing to the accompanying drawings, which are to be taken as forming part of
this Specification and read therewith.
Fig. 1 is a vertical section on line V-V of Fig. 2.
Fig. 2 is a sectional plan through line 1-1 of Fig. 1 and illustrates.my invention
as attached to, and driven by the hurst and gearing of an ordinary stone grinding
mill. I have shown this method of fixing and driving, as being convenient for
attaching to existing mill hursts, and driving gear, but any other suitable and
equivalent method of driving may be used.
Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation of revolving curb and outer edge of runner plate
taken on line u, u of Fig. 2, and illustrates a pair of plates, which are inserted at
intervals, round the outer edge of runner plate, and under face of revolving curb.

page_text: Fig. 4 is a part plan of revolving curb and bottom plate, illustrating the projec-
tions and scrapers on the inside of revolving curb; also the edges of some of the
plates inserted in the face of bottom plate.
Fig. 5 is an elevation of the plows and
Fig. 6 a plan of same.
Fig. 7 is an elevation and plan of adjusting plates.
M is a horizontal revolving frame with three sets of bearings G, G₁ attached to
its lower edge, with their axis radiating from or near the centre. E, E, E are
three ordinary edge runners mounted on spindles F, which are carried in
bearings G, G. In the centre of frame M, and attached thereto by means of the
three bearings G', is the boss b, in the underside of which is a recess t, which is made
to receive the end of driving spindle A: this recess is made deeper than is at first
necessary for the reception of spindle A, so as to allow for the wearing away of
edge runners E, and bottom plate .J. In a recess on the top side of boss, is fitted
the thrust block n, which receive the thrust transmitted by thrust rod N from
hydraulic ram R and in consequence of the rigid connection made between
the centre boss b, and the outer and inner bearings G, Gin which the runners E
are mounted, the said thrust, so received at the centre boss, forces the edge runners
down on the runner plate, and thereby impart to them a crushing power in excess
of that which would be due to the weight of the runners and frame collectively.
The material to be operated upon is fed into the centre of the machine through
openings U, and is swept under the runners by means of disperser D, which is
mounted on spindle A. and driven thereby.
The further progress of the material across the runner path is regulated by
means of plows Fig. 5 and 6 which are attached to the lower ends of spindles T―
Fig. 1 and 2 these spindles pass through and are carried round by long bosses,
which form part of stiffening webs O, of frame M; and the top ends of spindles are
squared and fitted with adjusting plates Fig. 7 which are attached to top of
frame M, by means of stud bolts passing through slots
n, N. By varying the
position of these said plates, the plows can be so adjusted as to expedite or retard
the rate of progression of the material across the runner path.
I wish it to be clearly understood that the essential and novel feature in this, the
first part of my invention, is in the rigid connection made to exist, in a horizontal
frame, between a series of inner and outer bearings G¹, G, and a centre thrust
boss and adapted to receive, transmit, and add any available weight or pressure
applied at the centre, to edge runners mounted on spindles that run in and between
the said inner and outer bearings.
I would also have it understood that I do not confine myself to the precise
form and outline, as illustrated, of revolving frame M, but may vary the form,
and use any suitable equivalent means of obtaining a rigid connection between
the said inner and outer bearings and centre boss, by means of which an additional
crushing and grinding power can be transmitted to edge runners other than that
due to the weight of the runners themselves.
The second part of my invention relates to one of the means by which additional
crushing and grinding power may be given to edge runners through the intervention
of the revolving frame M, and thrust-rod N; and consist of a hydraulic
cylinder H, with its ram R which are fixed immediately over the centre of the said
revolving frame by means of the cross girders P, and standards S. In the bottom
end of ram R is a block c which is made to fit the top end of thrust rod N;
the bottom end of this said rod is made to rest upon the thrust block which
is fitted in the recess made in the top of boss b.
n,
Hydraulic pressure accumulated by any suitable means, is introduced through the
opening p, into hydraulic cylinder H; the ram R is thereby forced downwards
together with thrust rod N on the centre boss b, of the revolving frame M: and in
consequence of the rigid connection existing between the said boss b, and the inner
and outer bearings GG, in which the runners E are mounted, this said force is

page_text: transmitted to the runners and thereby impart to them additional pulverizing
power.
I also in order to obtain a further additional pulverizing effect, make the
revolving frame M of considerable weight, by the use of a large bulk of material
in its construction.
.
The lubrication of the machine is effected as follows: to the bottom of oil box f
is attached a pipe that passes into a hole in the centre of thrust rod N, the oil
flowing down the centre of this said thrust rod is distributed over and between the
surface in contact of the rod N and block n from this point the oil continue to
flow through channels cut in the side of block n into oil passages communicating
with bearings G', and from thence along grooves cut in spindles F, into
bearings G.
The novelty of this, the above described, second part of my invention is in the
application of hydraulic pressure for the purpose of forcing edge runners down on
a runner plate, and thereby imparting to them an additional crushing and grinding
power, other than that due to the weight of the runners themselves. Also in
having a thrust rod for the purpose of transmitting concentrated weight or
pressure to edge runners revolving on a runner plate; the said concentrated weight
or pressnre not being an attribute of the runners and framing collectively.
The advantages to be derived from the use of the above described combination is
in the large crushing and grinding power that can be imparted to edge runners of
small size; and in the high rate of speed that can be safely obtained, consequent
upon the reduced size of runners that may be used. It must be borne in mind, that
in all well known runner machines the crushing and grinding of any material that
passes through them is due to, and depend upon the weight of the runners; and the
speed of reduction, to the number of revolutions made in any given time.
In some
cases, as when dealing with very hard material; such as cement-clinker and other
like dense substances, it is necessary that the weight of the runners shall be very
considerable and further, as the weight and size of the runners are increased, in
order to give them the necessary crushing and grinding power the speed must for
considerations of safety be moderated. But according to my above described
invention a large crushing power can be given to runners of moderate size, and a
high rate of speed maintained: morcover a larger number of runners can be placed
on any given diametrical path, as compared with known edge runner machines,
which depend upon their large size and weight to give the necessary pulverizing
effect.
A is the top end of a vertical driving spindle that passes through the neck
bearing B, in which it is made to revolve: jare recesses or stuffing boxes, which
are filled with yarn or other suitable material; for the purpose of preventing the
dust from finding its way into the running neck or to the gearing below. The disc
shaped runner plate is beded on any suitable foundation C and is provided with a
centre hole through which the neck bearing B is made to pass. The inner portion
of the face of plate J forms an ordinary edge runner path around and on which the
edge runners E are made to revolve, by means of the frame M. The revolving
curb is also attached to this said frame by means of driving slings h.
The third part of my invention relates to a method of separating the fine from
the coarser portion of the material after passing from under the runners towards the
periphery of plate J; and consist in making the outer edge of this said plate to
incline downwards about 30° from the horizontal, and forming together with the
under side of revolving curb K grinding faces, through which the finer portion of
the reduced material is made to pass. The inclination of the under face of curb K
is made to nearly correspond with the outer edge of plate J, but with sufficient
difference to form a throat on the inside of curb K for the entrance of the material
between the grinding faces. I do not confine myself to the use of one precise angle
of inclination for the outer edge of plate J and the nearly corresponding face of
curb K but may vary this angle to any suitable extent,

page_text: Around the outer edge or grinding face of plate J, and the under face of
revolving curb K, which are made from hard cast iron or steel, I insert at frequent
intervals, either in the process of casting, or by other suitable means a series of soft
metal plates U Fig. 3 and 4; these said plates are by preference made from soft
iron or steel; but other soft material may be used for this purpose. In consequence
of the difference in the hardness of the material from which the plates U, and the
curb K, and plate J are made, a series of channels are made and maintained in
working, that form breakers for and of the material passing between them.
Attached to the inside of curb K, and revolving therewith are three projections a,
a, a, which sweep any insufficiently pulverized material back under the runners;
allowing the finer portion to pass between them and the bottom plate J. Following
these said projections are three scrapers 1, 1, 1, which cause that portion of the
material that has passed from under the projections a, a, a, to enter between the
grinding faces of plate J and revolving curb K.
L is a circular trough surrounding the periphery of plate J and into which the
material is collected after passing between the faces of plate J and curb K: the
material there collected is swept out of the machine through opening m, by means
of three sweeps e, e, e, which are attached to the outside curb K.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. The combination with edge runners and runner plate of a revolving frame with
centre thrust boss and series of inner and outer bearings all in rigid connection with
cach other, and adapted thereby to receive, transmit and add any available weight
or pressure applied at the centre boss to edge runners mounted on spindles running
in and between the said inner and outer bearings, substantially as herein set forth.
2. The application and use of hydraulic pressure for the purpose of forcing edge
runners down on a runner plate substantially as hereinbefore described and
illustrated.
3. The combination with edge runners and runner plate of a thrust rod adapted
to transmit concentrated weight or pressure to edge runners revolving on a runner
plate; the said concentrated weight or pressure thereby transmitted giving an
additional crushing power to the runners other than that due to the weight of the
runners themselves, as hereinbefore set forth.
4. The combination with edge runners and runner plate of a revolving curb with
an incline face nearly corresponding with the inclination given to the outer edge of
runner plate and adapted to separate the fine from the coarser portion of the
material substantially as described and illustrated.
5. The combination with edge runners and runner plate of a revolving curb with
a series of soft metal plates inserted at frequent intervals in their working faces and
adapted to form channels in working which act as breakers for and of the material
passing between them, substantially as herein before described and illustrated.
Dated this 30th day of December 1890
JOHN GEORGE FREEMAN.