IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MAXE- FACTURE OF CASKS. AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN.
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Bernoulli Barlow, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Patent Agent, for the Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MAXE-
FACTURE OF CASKS. AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREIN. A communication from abroad by Eugen Ritter, of Hamm on the
Sieg, Germany.
Sealed the 6th September 1878, and dated the 2nd July 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd July 1878.
HENRY BERNOULLI BARLOW, of Manchester. in the County of Lancaster, Patent
Agent.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CASKS, AND IN THE MACH-
NERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN." A communication from abroad by
Eugen Ritter, of Hamm on the Sieg, Germany.
This Invention relates to casks made of sheets of paper or cardboard glued or
cemented together with bevel lap joints.
The sheets are cut to the proper size and then passed through a machine which
applies the glue or cement, they are then put in a press to unite the several thick-
nesses for each barrel. From the press the united sheets of paper or cardboard are
brought to the drying stove, where they are held between light wood frames in a
vertical position; these frames with the paper or cardboard between them can be
tightened up from the outside of the stove by screws or other equivalents; the stove
is heated by a furnace or by steam pipes, and the moisture is carried off by a fan or
by an exhaust pipe.
The dried sheets when taken from the stove are perfectly flat, and are then ent
square and the ends bevelled by ordinary cutting machinery, they are then made
waterproof: the sheets are now hent to form cylinders, and the bevelled edges are
glued or cemented together and firmly held by bars and clamps till quite dry. The
ends of the casks are then secured by internal and external boops to complete the
casks.

page_text: In some cases a thin veneer of wood may be placed inside or outside the cask, or
between the folds of paper or cardboard. The casks may also be made slightly
conical to economise space in packing them for transport.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 80th
October 1878.
"
HENRY BERNOULLI BARLOW, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Patent
Agent. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CASKS, AND IN THE MACHI
NERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN. A communication from abroad by
Eugen Ritter, of Hamm on the Sieg, Germany.
The Invention relates to the manufacture of a particular kind of casks or barrels
made of sheets of paper or cardboard, having cemented lap joints according to a
certain process herein-after described.
The sheets of paper or cardboard are cut to the proper size and then passed
Through a special machine which applies the cementing material on both sides at
one operation. After that they are placed in a press (ordinarily containing one ton
ef paper or cardboard at every charge), and are firmly compressed so as to make the
cement penetrate to a certain degree through and into the fibres of the paper or
cardboard, thus making firm, strong, and compact sheets.
It is to be remarked that the inner surface of each sheet only is provided with
cement. Both the outsides of each complete sheet are left dry, and therefore when
aken from the press the sheets can be easily separated from each other.
From the press the sheets are brought to a particularly constructed drying
apparatus which forms an important part of this Invention, where they are comi-
pletely dried without being warped, and kept perfectly straight. Unless properly
dried and firmly bound together on both sides, whilst drying, they are of no use
for the purpose in question.
The apparatus for holding the paper or cardboard and regulating the clearance
left free for the passage of air, forms another part of the Invention.
A stove or dry-house for this purpose is represented in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4 of
the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
Fig. is a plan: Fig. 2. a longitudinal section: Fig. 8. a transverse section: and
Fig. 4. a kind of rack which is placed between the isolated sheets when drying
them.
The walls of the stove or dry-house consist of standards to which a lining of
well dried boards is nailed, and on the outsides planks are secured, or a light casing
is formed in any other way: the space between the linings and the outer boards
being determined by the thickness of the standards, is filled up with sawdust, fan,
or other bad conductor of heat.

page_text: Should the walls be made of brickwork, they would have to be at least of the
thickness of the brick, and plastered on the inside.
One half of the floor of the stove consists of planks B. and the other of wooden
sleepers S. having an intermediate space between them to allow the warm air to
pass through. The sleepers and floor bear on traversing beams resting upon the
foundation walls.
The roof, which may be substituted by a flat ceiling, consists also of double
linings, the intermediate space of whch is filled with non-conductors of heal.
A is a furnace with a heating and smoke pipe 6, which passes under the floor to
the end of the stove, and returns to the middle of it where the pipe enters into the
chimney.
C is the exhaust for the warm air, and which is provided with a damper or a
slide f.
D represents the door, which is double, like the walls, and consists of a single
wing of the width of the room.
The wooden brackets e, e. c. are nailed against the linings of the stove or drying
room to receive the planks II, which serve as carriers for the sheets of paper or
cardboard.
The sheets are laid side by side, and between each sheet is placed a wooden rack.
represented in Fig. 4; n. n,” are square fillets which are connected by the cross bars
721.
These cross bars touch the sheets of paper or cardboard with their narrow
edges, and allow the air to pass freely between them.
When the whole width of the room is occupied by the sheets of paper or card-
board, and the racks placed between them, a board is put in, which is pressed
from the outside against the sheets by means of three screws, the nuts of the screws
are let in the wall. In this manner the sheets are firmly compressed between the
racks, thus causing them, whilst drying, to remain straight.
As the screws are worked from the outside. they may be screwed up in pro-
portion to the shrinking or growing thinner of the sheets during the drying.
The stove or dry-room is made of any convenient size.
When steam is applied
for the drying process, a serpentine pipe of about two inches diameter and of
suitable length, is placed beneath the floor.
When the sheets are perfectly dryed, they are taken out of the stove or dry-room.
They are now squared by a cutting machine, and their edges bevelled for the lapped
joint. The bodies or cylinders of the casks or barrels are formed of these sheets.
Before the sheets are bent, they are made waterproof by any ordinary process.
The straight cut edges of the heads of the cask are also dipped in a proper
material to make them waterproof and rigid at the places where the hoops are to
be put on.
The bending and the joining of the tapered ends is effected by means of a
suitable machine and a cramp shown in Figs. 6 and 7.
Fig. shews the construction of the cask: is the bottom: e, the body; b, the
top hoop made of wood or other suitable material, and nailed on the body and to
the inside hoops. C is the inner hoop of wood or other material, and is another
hoop of the same size which is put in after the bottom a has been laid in, and
which is fastened from the outside by screws. The above-mentioned machine bends
the body of the cask, puts the two or more outside hoops round it, and connects the
joints by means of a special cramp and cement adapted for the purpose. This is all
done at one operation, which is of very great importance. After this operation, the
body of the cask and the cramp can be taken out of the machine. Two rails a, a,
cover the longitudinal seam inside and outside, see Figs. 6 and 7. and are pressed
together by a large strong cramp a¹², on each end. these cramps are tightened
with a hammer. The tapered ends of the hoops are kept together by screws 1. 2.
and 3, and a small metal fastener 4.
Fig. 8 represents a pasteboard sheet for the body of the cask; I is the tapered
end of the same.

page_text: Fig. 8ª shews the sheet seen from the edge with its tapered ends I, I, and the
hoop C, and the way in which this is spliced.
Fig. S represents the inside hoops when stretched out.
The bending and cementing of the bodies is very quickly done with the machine,
and only takes from one to three minutes.
In using the above-mentioned cramps, which are taken out of the machine along
with the body, 3 workmen can cement from 300 to 500 casks in 10 hours.
The glue or cement by which the edges are fastened together requires about 5
hours for drying, therefore a number of the cramps must be prepared for each
machine large enough to work it half a day.
A mailed seam is far less strong than a cemented one, and would also cause the
casks to be untrue. When the body is finished, the inside hoops are put in on
another machine where the bottoms also are applied.
For certain purposes. I make the bodies out. of pasteboard with a thin wood
veneer either inside or outside, or on both sides, the veneer may also be put between
the pasteboards. The manipulation is exactly the same as with pasteboard only.
The pasteboard casks are cheaper than wooden ones, and in some cases stronger.
more solid and durable, and are considerably lighter. If shaped conically, they
may be put inside each other, and the bottoms packed separately, so that their bulk
will be much lessened for transport.
The casks can be shipped with the parts in the flat state, whereby still more
Space is saved.
The users of course would then have to put them together.
Having thus stated the nature and particulars of the Invention communicated to
me by the within-named Eugen Ritter, I declare that I claim,—
First. The mode of manufacturing casks of paper or cardboard as described and
shewn in the Drawing.
Secondly. The improved cask made of paper or cardboard cemented and dryed
as described above and shewn in the Drawing.
Thirdly. The improved paper or cardboard cask with jointed seam and hardened
and waterproof edges in combination with wooden hoops, whereby the body of the
cask is formed, as shewn and described.
Fourthly. The mode of bending and hooping the casks by a machine in which the
seam is cramped together at the same time, and after which the cramps used can be
taken out of the machine along with the body of the cask, for drying the latter as
described.
Fifthly. The improved cask, the body and bottoms of which are made of paper or
cardboard, and veneers inside or outside, or both inside and outside, or between the
paper or cardboard as described.
Sixthly. The improved cask made of paper or cardboard with jointed seam, the
body of which is provided inside with wooden hoops, between which the bottoms
are fastened as described.
Seventhly. The improved construction and fittings of the drying apparatus, as
shewn and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of October, One thousand eight
hundead and sovauty sight
1. B. BARLOW. (...)