Improvements in or relating to Ventilating, Heating, or Cooling Enclosed Spaces, and Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1897

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Ventilating, Heating, or Cooling
Enclosed Spaces, and Apparatus therefor.
I, MICHAEL KUGLER, of the Imperial State Railway, Budapest, in the Kingdom
of Hungary, and Austrian Empire, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
:-
My invention relates to an improved means of ventilating, heating, or cooling
enclosed spaces whether stationary or moving, such as rooms, ships, railway_cars
and the like. I effect this by causing the ventilating, heating, or cooling medium
to circulate by mechanical means, preferably by means of an apparatus similar to a
pump. I provide any convenient means for heating or for cooling the said medium.
If air be taken as the circulating medium it may be liberated in the space to be
heated or cooled. The said air may be at the atmospheric pressure, or he com-
pressed. The latter is especially advantageous for cooling purposes, as a further
reduction of temperature in the cool air may be effected by liberating it in the
space to be ventilated and cooled. Where the space is to be both warmed and
ventilated I may draw the air from the outside and liberate it in the space, or I
may have a closed circulation, or I may return air from the space to be again sent
through the heating apparatus and delivered to the room or the like, or I may
combine these methods.
Where water is made use of as the circulating medium the circulation is in a
closed system. The apparatus may be combined with means for flooding or water-
ing the space to be heated or cooled in case of an out-break of fire, and for this
purpose may be combined with a high pressure or other water forcing arrange-
ment.
When the invention is applied to railway trains the circulating medium may be
actuated by a pump and tube connections similar to those used in connection
with the Westinghouse brake; or I may arrange bellows placed between the springs
and the body of the car or other vehicle which will be actuated by the moving up
and down of the said car body. Or I may arrange a similar bellows mechanism
actuated by a water cistern placed upon it, and provided with means for supplying
water to the same, and discharging it therefrom, and actuating mechanism con-
trolling the operation.
My invention may be carried out in other ways without departing from the
principle thereof, and the above instances are given by way of example merely.
1 1
Octohan 1907
W. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Patent Agents for the Applicant, 322, High Holborn, London, W.C.

page_text: Improvements in or relating to Ventilating, Heating, or Cooling
Enclosed Spaces and Apparatus therefor.
I, MICHAEL KUGLER, of the Imperial State Railway, Budapest, in the Kingdom
of Hungary and Austrian Empire, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
-
The present invention relates to an arrangement by means of which enclosed
spaces, whether fixed buildings or vehicles such as ships, railway carriages, tram
cars, and the like can be ventilated cooled or heated.
The essence of the invention consists in causing a fluid to circulate throughout
the spaces to be cooled or to be heated by mechanical means. The fluid serving
for the cooling or the heating which can be air, or water, or other fluid is brought
into circulation by means of an apparatus similar to a pump, and is passed through
a cooling or heating apparatus before it passes into the spaces to be cooled or to
be heated.
The cooling or heating by means of water is always effected in a closed circula-
tion, whereby the water after use returns to the pump, whilst the cooling or heating
by means of air may be effected either with open or closed circulation, for instance
the air can be liberated from the tube within the space to be cooled or heated,
or it may be returned to the pump in a closed tube. In the first method the air
drawn in by the pump can be drawn from the cooled or heated space itself or air
may be drawn in continuously or supplied partly from the cooled or heated space
and partly from, outside. In the latter two cases the cooled or heated room is
ventilated at the same time.
In the accompanying drawings Figures 1 and 2 show an arrangement in the
form of a diagram, that shown in Figure 1, having an open, and that shown in
Figure 2 a closed circulation. The fluid is driven into the space D by means of
a pump A either through the cooling apparatus B or through the heating appara-
tus C. There may be arranged for each space D a special pump, and also
several spaces may be served by one pump, or groups of buildings may be provided
with the necessary air or water, but it is in the latter case advantageous to effect
the heating or cooling of the fluid separately in each separate house so that the
fluid may not be cooled or heated in the long connections between the houses.
For heating of the circulating fluid any convenient method may be employed,
as for instance, a stove or hot water, steam or other convenient means; for cooling
any convenient cooling apparatus or if available ice or cold water may be made
use of. For the circulating of the cooling or heating fluid, any convenient motor:
may be used whether steam motor, gas motor, water motor, wind motor or other.
In the accompanying drawings a few examples are illustrated of such motors
corresponding to special arrangements. Of these, Figure 3 shows an air pump
driven by water. The pump a is in the form of bellows upon which the water
holder is placed. When the bellows is drawn down the cock c of the water pipe
is opened whereby the reservoir b is filled; owing to the weight of the water the
bellows is pressed down and the air contained in the same forced through a tube d
into the cooling or heating apparatus and from thence to the space to be cooled
or heated.
As soon as the reservoir b sinks the cock c is closed by means of the
weight attached to a lever arm c¹ secured to it. The sinking of the reservoir causes
at the same time a counter-weight e to be driven up; as soon as the reservoir has
reached its last position, the arm f¹ of the attached cock f strikes the prolonga-
tion whereby the said cock f is opened and the water in the reservoir b flows

page_text: away. The bellows thus released is again drawn up by means of the counter-
weight e, whereby therefore air is drawn in. The bar h fixed upon the reservoir
strikes when in the highest position of the reservoir 6 against the lever c¹ of the
cock c
whereby the same is opened and the reservoir 6 fills again and the action
continues over again.
This apparatus is adopted both for single rooms as well as for series of rooms.
Figure 4 shows an automatic air pump provided with cooling or heating
apparatus which is capable of being made use of in tramway and railway cars.
In this apparatus the bellows a is actuated by the weight resting upon it, which
weight is balanced by the springs e. When the vehicle is moving, the load b
possesses an oscillatory motion causing the bellows a to move up and down, which
movement forces the air through the tube d into the cooling or heating apparatus.
The said apparatus consists of the vessel i in which the perforated vessel k is placed.
Within this vessel k is placed the coiled pipe d connected to the pressure tube,
which coil may be cooled with ice or cold water or heated by surrounding it with
hot water. The melted ice water can be run off through an opening through the
plug hole 1.
Figure 5 shows an apparatus applicable to street vehicles in which the bellows
is secured between the separating springs of the car, so that the movement of these
springs will set the bellows in operation. In this manner the ventilating or cooling.
or heating apparatus can also be applied to tram-cars, and railway carriages (see
Figure 6). In such means of transport in which the oscillating motion is
insufficient for the driving of the above described apparatus, as for instance, in
the case of ships, special motors such as steam engines or the like may be used to
drive the pumps. The cooling and ventilating of entire railway trains can also
be effected in such a manner that the bellows of each is actuated by air pressure
which is produced on the locomotive or on a special car, in the same manner as for
the Westinghouse brake, and which is conducted the length of the entire train by
means of a special tube, the bellows can also be driven by means of eccentrics
from the respective car axles. Further, the bellows may be actuated by wind
motors which are fixed to each car and are driven either by the natural wind or
by the draught created by the motion of the train. The central heating of the
railway trains can also be arranged in connection with the above invention in
the following manner, whereby the necessary heating is obtained either from the
boiler of the locomotive or is generated in a special heating car. In the first
instance the hot air is drawn from the space between the boiler and its cover (see
Figure 8). The steam pump s is mounted upon the locomotive and draws the hot
air out of the air chamber m and distributes the same by means of a pipe system
which may be led through the fire-box and ash-box and connected to the heating
apparatuses placed in the separate cars, and the cooled air at the end of the train
may be forced back again through a straight tube, the said return tube passing also
through the ash-box and fire-box of the locomotive. This method of warming
railway trains in comparison with the present system of steam heating possesses
the advantage that it can never freeze and at the same time assures a saving of
fuel, because air is a poorer conductor of heat than wet steam, consequently,
the loss of heat is less. In the cooling of rooms by means of air the property of
gases whereby their temperature decreases with decrease of pressure and expansion
may be made use of and especially in such a manner that in the pipe a higher pressure
such for instance as two to three atmospheres or more can be maintained. This
high pressure air which may possess the usual temperature, or which may be
cooled, is discharged into the rooms to be cooled or its pressure is reduced, whereby
effective cooling of the room is attained. The advantage of this cooling method
consists in that the air serving for the cooling need not necessarily he artificially
cooled, because the cold is automatically produced by reducing the pressure in the
room to be cooled. In the above description and examples, the fluid conveying
heat or cold is assumed to be air. In like manner cooling or heating may be
effected by means of water, only in this case the pumps for the propelling of the

page_text: water are of suitable construction and preferably provided with the requisite suction
and pressure vessels. The driving or the propelling of the cooling or heating
water by means of pumps renders this system at the same time applicable for
extinguishing fires, because suitable valves can be fixed to the pipes through
which the water can be taken at a pressure requisite for the purpose. This advan-
tage can moreover also be obtained in cooling and heating with air, by the arrange-
ment that there is connected with the tubes a water pump which can be set in
action or a water reservoir placed at a sufficient height or a connection to a high
pressure water system which may be brought into action in the case of fire, and
a tube from which connects to the tube passing into the space to be cooled or
heated; this tube is, however, closed by means of a valve or cock. In the case of
fire the connection coming from the cooling or heating apparatus is closed and
the hot pressure water pipe connection is opened.
In Figure 7 such an arrangement is shown in form of a diagram. The
pump A presses the air into the cooler B which in this case is an ordinary well,
or it may also be an ice chamber or other suitable arrangement. The ice is passed
through the cold water of the well or through the ice by means of a long coil of
tube. In case of fire the cocks 1 and 2 connected to the cooler and heater are
closed, and the cock 3 connected to the water reservoir E is opened, and thus the
water necessary for extinguishing the fire is supplied. In place of the water
reservoir E a pressure pump or a water pressure pipe can be used. In this manner
all rooms provided with the hot or cooling pipes can be immediately deluged with
water which will extinguish any fire forthwith.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
In apparatus for improving the condition of the atmosphere in enclosed spaces
by means of a circulating medium operated by mechanical means:-
1. The combination of a forcing apparatus, a pipe system containing the circula-
ting medium, apparatus controlling the flow of the said medium, and means for
influencing the temperature of the said circulating medium.
2. The combination of a forcing apparatus, a pipe system containing a fluid
circulating medium, a cock controlled pressure device for increasing the pressure
of the said fluid, and means for influencing the temperature of the said fluid.
3. The combination of a forcing apparatus, a pipe system containing a gaseous
circulating medium, apparatus for influencing the temperature of said medium
and means for releasing a determined quantity of such medium within the space
operated on.
4. The combination of a collapsible forcing apparatus, a water cistern actuating
the same, means for automatically regulating the supply of water to the said
cistern, a pipe cistern in communication with the said forcing apparatus, and
means for influencing the temperature of the circulating medium in the said
system.
5. The combination of a vehicle, a collapsible forcing apparatus operated by
the weight of the vehicle and interposed between the axle and the body of said
vehicle, a pipe system in communication with the said forcing apparatus and means
for influencing the temperature of the circulating medium in the said system.
6. The combination of a locomotive, forcing apparatus actuated by the said loco-
motive, a delivery pipe system taking warmed air from the said locomotive and
a return pipe system returning the partly cooled air to its starting point.
Dated the 23rd day of May 1898
W. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
322, High Holborn, London, W.C., Patent Agents for the Applicant.