Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Feb., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 15th Nov., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 12th Feb., 1889
We, JULES RICHARD and FELIX RICHARD both of 23 Boulevard de Strasbourg,
Paris, France, Engineers do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
:-
This invention relates to apparatus whereby relative velocities are measured and
the product of two quantities such as pressure and velocity or area and velocity or
the quotient of such a quantity as work or volume divided by pressure, velocity or
area, is computed and indicated. The apparatus also, by indicating proportions,
serves as a measure of constant or variable velocities as compared with known
velocities. The form and construction of the apparatus are necessarily modified to
suit various applications, but in all the modified forms the action of the computing
and indicating parts reinains substantially the same, as may thus be described. Å
roller is fixed on an axis which is radial and parallel to the face of a rotating disc
and is capable of sliding radially; the roller is pressed against the disc or is pressed
between two discs rotating at equal speed in opposite directions.
On the axis of the roller is a worm engaging with a rotating worm wheel or
pinion and to the axis of the roller is connected an index or tracing style, the
index shewing on a dial or scale the position of the roller relatively to the centre of
the discs, or the style marking this position on a revolving cylinder or travelling
sheet. According as the worm on the axis of the roller revolves with greater or
less speed than that which corresponds with the speed of the rotating worm wheel
with which it gears, the axis must travel longitudinally in the one direction or the
other, the worm wheel acting as a nut to the worm. The roller on the worm axis
is thus made to move radially towards or away from the centre of the discs and is
therefore caused to revolve with less or greater speed by its frictional contact with
the discs. Ultimately the roller attains such a position relatively to the centre of
the discs, that its speed of rotation and consequently that of the worm on its axis
corresponds with the speed of the worm wheel, and while the relative speed of the
dises and worm wheel remains constant, the position of the roller remains unchanged.

page_text: Thus
But should either the discs or the worm wheel undergo a change of velocity, the
roller axis is caused by the worm to move longitudinally, and the index or style worked
by it indicates or registers the ratio of the velocity of the discs to that of the worm
wheel. The worm wheel being driven at constant speed by clockwork or otherwise,
while the discs are driven by some machine to which the apparatus is applied, the
speed of the latter and its variations may be thus indicated, or the discs may be driven
at constant speed while the worm wheel is driven at varying speeds and the ratio of
their speeds may be indicated. Again, instead of independently driving the worm
wheel it may be driven by the worm in which case its speed depends on the position
of the roller relatively to the centre of the discs, and by connecting a counter
mechanism to the worm wheel, this counter will register the number of revolutions
of the roller which will be the product of two factors, the one being the number of
revolutions of the discs, the other the radial distance of the roller from their centre.
In applying this mechanism to indicate, for example, the volume of a fluid passing
through a sluice, the sluice may be connected to the roller and worm axis so as to
move the roller from the centre of the discs proportionally to the area of the opening
of the sluice, and the discs being driven at a speed proportional to the velocity of
the fluid, the counter will indicate the product of the area by the velocity that is to
say the volume of the fluid passing through the sluice in a given time. In like
manner if the roller and worm axis is connected to a pressure gauge or to a
dynamometer measuring the strain of a strap or other driver while the discs are
driven proportionately to the engine or machine to which the pressure or driving
strain is applied, the counter will indicate the product of the pressure or strain
multiplied by the velocity, or the work done by the engine or machine.
generally products may be computed and indicated when the one factor can be re-
presented by the angular speed of the discs and the other by the radial position of
the roller on them. And, conversely, quotients may be ascertained by employing
the apparatus in the following manner. The worm wheel being driven at a speed
proportional to the dividend, and the discs being driven at a speed proportional to
the division, the roller takes such a radial position on the dises that the speed of the
worm driven by it corresponds with that of the worm wheel, and an index connected
to the worm axis will then shew the quotient required. The apparatus may also be
applied to measure rapid movements of visible objects, such as the revolution of
the spokes of a wheel at a distance. For this purpose a disc with holes or slits being
fixed on the axis of the roller, so that an observer can look through these boles or
slits and move the roiler along the discs which drive it until it has such velocity
that the moving objects appear motionless to the observer looking through the
holes or slits, in which case the speed of the driving discs being known, the index
connected to the roller axis, or the counter worked by its worm will shew the
speed of the moving object. Again rapid intermittent movements such as vibrations
of the armature of an electro magnet may be measured by the apparatus in the
following manner. A clock spring is arranged to move two trains of clock work
the one by gearing from its axis the other by gearing from its barrel. The one
train, regulated to constant speed, works the driving discs, the other train works the
worm wheel which is made to have an intermittent movement by escapement gearing
connecting it to the vibrating object. The worm axis is then made to take a position
such that the roller driven by the discs gives the worm a speed corresponding with
that of the worm wheel, and this position consequently indicates the speed of recurrence
of the vibrations.
Dated this 15th day of February 1008

page_text: Indicating Products or Quotients.
We, JULES RICHARD, and FELIX RICHARD both of 23 Boulevard de Strasbourg,
Paris, France, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to apparatus whereby relative velocities are measured and
the product of two quantities such as pressure and velocity or area and velocity or the
quotient of such a quantity as work or volume divided by pressure, velocity or area,
is computed and indicated.
The apparatus also, by indicating proportions, serves as a measure of constant or
variable velocities as compared with known velocities. The form and construction
of the apparatus are necessarily modified to suit various applications, but in all the
modified forms the action of the computing and indicating parts remain substantially
the same, as may thus be described.
A roller is fixed on an axis which is radial and parallel to the face of a rotating
disc and is capable of sliding radially: the roller is pressed against the disc or is
pressed between two discs rotating at equal speed in opposite directions.
On the axis of the roller is a worm engaging with a rotating worm wheel or pinion
and to the axis of the roller is connected an index or tracing style, the index shewing
on a dial or scale the position of the roller relatively to the centre of the discs, or the
style marking this position on a revolving cylinder or travelling sheet. According as
the worm on the axis of the roller revolves with greater or less speed than that
which corresponds with the speed of the rotating worm wheel with which it gears,
the axis must travel longitudinally in the one direction or the other, the worm wheel
acting as a nut to the worm. The roller on the worm axis is thus made to move
radially towards or away from the centre of the discs and is therefore caused to
revolve with less or greater speed by its frictional contact with the discs.
Ultimately the roller attains such a position relatively to the centre of the discs,
that its speed of rotation and consequently that of the worm on its axis corresponds
with the speed of the worm wheel, and while the relative speed of the discs and worm
wheel remains constant, the position of the roller remains unchanged. But should
either the discs or the worm wheel undergo a change of velocity the roller axis is
caused by the worm to move longitudinally, and the index or style worked by it
indicates or registers the ratio of the velocity of the discs to that of the worm
wheel.
The worm wheel being driven at constant speed by clockwork or otherwise, while
the discs are driven by some machine to which the apparatus is applied, the speed of
the latter and its variations may be thus indicated, or the discs may be driven at
constant speed while the worm wheel is driven at varying speeds and the ratio of
their speeds may be indicated. Again, instead of independently driving the worm

page_text: wheel, it may be driven by the worm in which case its speed depends on the position
of the roller relatively to the centre of the discs, and by connecting the counter
mechanism to the worm wheel this counter will register the number of revolutions of
the roller which will be the product of two factors, the one being the number of
revolutions of the discs, the other the radial distance of the roller from their centre.
In applying this mechanism to indicate for example, the volume of a fluid passing
through a sluice, the sluice may be connected to the roller and worm axis so as to
move the roller from the centre of the discs proportionally to the area of the opening
of the sluice, and the discs being driven at a speed proportional to the velocity of the
fluid, the counter will indicate the product of the area by the velocity, that is to say
the volume of the fluid passing through the sluice in a given time. In like manner if
the roller and worm axis is connected to a pressure gauge or to a dynamometer
measuring the strain of a strap or other driver while the discs are driven pro-
portionately to the engine or machine to which the pressure or driving strain is
applied, the counter will indicate the product of the pressure or strain multiplied by
the velocity, or the work done by the engine or machine. Thus generally products
may be computed and indicated when the one factor can be represented by the
angular speed of the discs and the other by the radial position of the roller on them.
And conversely, quotients may be ascertained by employing the apparatus in the
following manner. The worm wheel being driven at a speed proportional to the
dividend, and the discs being driven at a speed proportional to the divisor,
the roller takes such a radial position on the discs that the speed of the worm
driven by it corresponds with that of the worm wheel, and an index connected
to the worm axis will then show the quotient required. The apparatus may also be
applied to measure rapid movements of visible objects, such as the revolution of the
spokes of a wheel at a distance. For this purpose a disc with holes or slits being
fixed on the axis of the roller so that an observer can look through these holes or
slits and move the roller along the discs which drive it until it has such velocity
that the moving objects appear motionless to the observer looking through the holes or
slits, in which case the speed of the driving discs being known, the index connected
to the roller axis, on the counter worked by its worm will shew the speed of the
moving object. Again rapid intermittent movements such as vibrations of the
armature of an electro magnet may be measured by the apparatus in the following manner.
A clock spring is arranged to move two trains of clockwork, the one by gearing
from its axis, the other by gearing from its barrel. The one train, regulated to
constant speed, works the driving discs the other train works the worm wheel which
is made to have an intermittent movement by escapement gearing connecting it to
the vibrating object. The worm axis is then made to take a position such that the
roller driven by the discs gives the worm a speed corresponding with that of the
worm wheel, and this position consequently indicates the speed of recurrence of
the vibrations.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings shows an elevation of a construction of our
above described apparatus, applicable to the measuring of a discharge of water from
a conduit, or for indicating the product of two factors, one of which is time.
The apparatus consists of a clockwork mechanism whose spring X has each end
connected to a separate train of wheels, one of which rotates a disc F with a constant
speed regulated either by an escapement or by a regulator T similar to that of
Foucault. The second set of wheelwork tends to rotate the small wheel A which
gears with a worm B having at its one end a roller M which is confined between two
parallel discs F, so as to rotate in a direction at right angles to the surface of the
latter. The worm B operates in conjunction with the wheel A sometimes as a worm
and sometimes as a circular rack.
The stem S of the valve in the water conduit on being moved vertically by the
discharge of water, actuates by means of the levers the worm B and the
registering style D. It will be readily seen that as soon as the valve is opened
the style D will register upon the cylinder N the different degrees of opening, and
will also move the worm longitudinally, thereby removing the roller M from the

page_text: centre of the discs F so that the worm will be rotated at a proportionately increased
speed, such speed being in proportion firstly, to the time, as the discs F rotate in
proportion to this factor, and secondly, to the extent of opening of the valve. By
connecting to the wheel A a simple counter of revolutions this will receive motion
which is proportional to the two factors, and there will consequently be afforded a
measurement of the quantity of water that has passed through the valve. The power
imparted to the worm B by the disc and roller F M would not in itself be sufficiently
strong to drive the counter, this is therefore effected by the second beforementioned
train of wheels driven by the spring X, the power of this train being so adjusted
that it will only effect the rotation of the wheel A and consequently of the counter,
when such rotation is permitted by the rotation of the worm, which thus acts as an
escapement for the clockwork train. Fig. 2 shews the application of the apparatus
for totalizing the pressures or temperatures indicated by a pressure gauge or pyro-
meter. As shewn, the pressure gauge S (or it might be a curved compound metal
arm, subject to variations of temperature) actuates by levers CC the registering
apparatus D and the worm B proportionately to the pressures indicated. The
apparatus is otherwise quite similar to that first described.
Our mechanism with differential wheelwork may also be employed for totalising the
quantity of electricity supplied or consumed, thus constituting an electric meter, by
actuating the roller M by an ampere meter. For illustrating the application of our
apparatus with differential wheelwork for measuring a product of two factors of any
kind, we will take for example the product of the effort exerted by a transmission
shaft with the speed of the shaft which product will of course indicate the work
performed. This application is shewn at Fig. 3. The power is transmitted to the
apparatus by means of a transmission similar to that used for rotating dynamometers,
the dynamometer being constituted by a spring H as shewn, or by any other suitable
known device.
The motion imparted by the effort of the shaft K has the effect of actuating by
means of the levers the worm B of the differential wheel work. The discs F
between which the roller M is situated, pre actuated by means of a system of bevel
wheels J directly by the transmission shaft K; they revolve consequently proportionally
to the speed of the driving pulley. The worm B only actuates a counter by means of
the small wheel A. It will be readily understood that when the transmission shaft
revolves idle, the roller, M being at the centre of the discs F, which revolve, no
motion is produced. There is speed without effort; that is to say, there is practically
no work, but as soon as a working tool is applied to the transmission shaft the greater
or smaller effort applied to the shaft will cause the roller M to be displaced more or
less and this will then revolve proportionately to the speed and to the effort. The
result indicated by the counter will therefore be the product of the two factors speed
and effort on the shaft.
For indicating speed our apparatus may be variously constructed, each arrangement
being adapted to the special purposes to which it is to be applied, as we will describe
with reference to the drawings.
In the apparatus shewn at Fig. 4, the principal organs are the discs F of variable
speed driven by the machine, the speed of which is to be measured. A wheel work
regulated by a governor T of the Foucault or other construction which will maintain
a constant velocity and the differential wheel work designed to give the ratio between
the variable speed and the known constant speed, and which is actuated in the
following manner: The wheel work with constant speed drives the wheel A which
gears with the tangent screw or worm B. A roller M is fixed on the end of the worm
and bears against the discs F, so that these in rotating effect the rotation of the
roller, M and consequently of the worm.
The apparatus operates as follows: The roller being situated at the greatest
circumference of the discs F, and the machine, of which the speed is to be measured,
being put in motion, the discs F are rotated with a speed proportional to that of the
machine as they are actuated directly thereby. The roller M consequently rotates and
the worm B operating in conjunction with the wheel A as though this were a fixed

page_text: nut, screws itself in such a manner as to cause the roller M to move towards the
centre of the dises F; but at the same time the motion of the machine winds up the
spring which puts in motion the wheel work, the governor T operates and the wheel A
is rotated, with a constant speed, thereby moving back the worm B in operating as a
toothed pinion actuating a toothed rack. By the effect of these two movements of the
tangent screw B actuated in an upward direction by the wheel A and in a downward
direction by its rotation, the roller M will assume on the discs F a radial position
which corresponds to the equilibrium of these two movements. If the machine moves
faster the roller M will approach the centre of the discs F so as to be situated at a
circle of smaller diameter, and if the machine moves slower the roller M will place
itself at a circle of larger diameter, its position will therefore always afford the
requisite indication, that is to say, the relation of the variable speed of the discs F or
of the machine to the constant speed imparted to the wheel A by the governor.
It will be readily understood that in the arrangement above described, the arrange-
ment of the devices for receiving on the one hand the variable speed, and on the other
hand the constant speed, so as to give the proportion between these, may be inverted.
Thus it will be seen that the apparatus will not be changed if in the above description
we cause the discs F to revolve with a constant speed and the wheel A with the
variable speed to be ascertained. The only difference that will occur is that at the
commencement of the operation the roller M will be situated at the centre of
the disc F.
It will be understood that for intermittent speeds or very variable speeds as, for
instance, the velocity of air actuating a windmill, it will be essential that at the times
of stoppage the roller M should be at the centre and the regulator should be always in
action. The operation would otherwise be exactly the same and the description will
shew the similarity.
This arrangement is shewn at Fig. 5 on the drawings. The roller M fixed on the
worm B is situated at the centre of the disc F when at rest. The machine being
started and actuating the pulley G, will wind up to a certain extent the spring which
sets in motion the wheel work regulated by the governor T. The dises F driven by
the wheel work therefore revolve with a constant speed. At the same time the pulley
revolves the wheel A which acts at once on the worm B in the manner of a pinion
acting on a toothed rack. The worm B will therefore be moved downwards but as
soon as the roller M has moved away from the centre of the discs F it will revolve
with increasing speed, and consequently the worm B in revolving with the same speed
will tend to screw itself back again and move in an upward direction. At a certain
position of the roller M upon the discs F an equilibrium between these two movements
will take place, and the worm and roller will consequently remain in this position. If
at this moment the machine works at a slower speed the roller will approach the
centre of the discs, and if the machine works faster, the roller will move to a circle of
greater diameter.
The advantage of the apparatus thus constructed is that there is a perfect analogy
between the speed of the roller and the speed of the machine; the greater the speed
of the machine the greater will be the speed of the roller, being situated at a greater
circle of the discs. When the speed of the machine decreases and stops, the roller M
will be brought back to successive circles of decreasing diameter until it arrives at the
centre of the discs where the speed will be 0, the relation between these two speeds,
variable and constant, will thus be made very evident. The apparatus thus constructed
has also the advantage of enabling it to he readily applied to the construction of
special speed indicators, the action of which we will describe.
In the industrial sciences it is often required to measure the rapidity with which
the emissions of electric currents follow one another.
In effect there can always be established an electrical contact in connection with a
certain motion whether this be alternating or rotating, such, for instance, as the
rotation of the pulley of a machine or of a carriage wheel or of a windmill or an
anemometer. This system has the great advantage of enabling an electric current to
be transmitted where desired, the interesting point therefore would be to indicate at any

page_text: desired place at a distance the speed with which electric contacts succeed each other
whatever may be the source of the electric currents.
We have applied to the solution of this question, the principle of the speed indicator
such as was described with reference to Fig. 5 with the simple modification that there
are two wheelworks in place of only one.
The apparatus shewn at Fig. 6 consists of a clock work provided with a strong
barrel spring. This barrel has a double, effect, the spring being made to actuate
wheel work by both of its ends. The one wheel work is regulated by the governor T
of the Foucault or other construction and actuates as before the discs F which are
thus rotated with a constant velocity such as one revolution per second. The other
wheel work drives the wheel A which is to revolve with the variable speed and which
actuates the worm B carrying the roller M. The barrel being wound up, the wheel
work of constant velocity turns the discs F with corresponding velocity while the
second wheel work is stopped by a catch S acting on the last wheel. This catch rests
upon the escapement actuated by an electro magnet placed in the circuit which is
closed at the moment of establishing the electrical contact at a distance which we
have indicated above. The action is the same as in the speed indicator described
nt Fig. 5.
Every time that the electrical circuit is closed by the contact the current actuates
the electro magnet, which actuates in its turn the escapement, whereupon the wheel
work rotates and the wheel A is put in operation.
If the contacts follow each other at equal intervals, the whee! A will receive regular
motion and the position of the roller M on the discs F will indicate the rapidity with
which the successive contacts take place. If the contacts take place more rapidly,
the wheel A will move faster and faster and the roller M will be more and more
removed from the centre. If the electric contacts cease, the wheel A will stop and
the roller will pass back to the centre of the disces. Thus it will be seen that this
apparatus indicates the rapidity with which electrical contacts brought about by a
certain description of motion succeed each other in a unit of time. The movement
of the movable devices of our differential wheel work may be transmitted to an
indicating apparatus. We can thus enable the displacement of the worm and roller
to be read off by any mechanical device suited for that purpose, whether this be by a
pointer on a dial or by a style marking a paper etc.
In the modification of speed indicating apparatus shewn at Figs. 7 and 8, the
worm B with roller M actuates a style 1) marking on the cylinder N, which is made
to revolve at a certain speed by means of clock work nechanism. For this
purpose the end of the worm B carries a loose washer a connected to a system of
levers transmitting the movements to the style D. In these figures, as in the
apparatus shewn at Fig. 5, the pulley G, revolving with the variable speed to be
measured, drives the wheel A by means of an endless screw 'c and a wheel with
helicoidal teeth d fixed on the axis of the wheel A. The wheel d gearing with the
toothed wheel e fixed on the axis of the barrel X also effects the winding up of the
spring of this barrel. A toothed wheel fixed on the body of the barrel X gears
with a toothed wheel fixed on the axis of one of the discs F and consequently imparts
its motion thereto.
This speed of the motion is regulated and maintained constant by the governor T,
the axis of which carries the pinion which gears with the two discs F between
which is the roller M. It will be seen that this arrangement of the apparatus does
not differ from that described with reference to Fig. 5 except in that the worm B is
placed horizontally instead of vertically as in Fig. 5.
Our apparatus with differential wheel work can also serve as organ of transmission
of a known variable speed and can constitute the indicator of the speed of move-
ments that are inaccessible. Thus, we can fix on the axis of the tangent wheel discs
presenting openings at equal distances apart so as to enable the speed of inaccessible
devices to be seen, such as the escapement of a watch.
In effect it suffices to mount a disc with openings on the axis of the tangential wheel
which revolves with a speed proportional to that which the discs impart to the roller M in

page_text: consequence of its momentary position thereon. By any suitable arrangement the
roller may be brought to circles of increasing diameter, and, consequently, increasing
speeds may be imparted to the discs, such speeds being very perfectly known as they
are determined by the position of the roller. Upon then observing the object, the
motion of which is to be determined, through one of the holes of the discs, when
this object appears to be stationary in such hole, the product of the speed of the disc
with the number of revolutions of the dise will give the absolute speed. So long as
the speed of the discs has not been adjusted to the above point, the object observed
will appear to travel in the bole in the direction of its actual motion; but as soon
as the discs are made to move faster than the object, this will appear to move in the
contrary direction in the hole.
Our above described apparatus may also be applied to cylinders revolving with very
variable speeds for affording graphic indication of physical or physiological
phenomena. By means of a simple button, which is turned, a rack, serving as
abutment of the worm, may be actuated, and the roller M can thus be moved from
the centre, where it has no rotation, to the periphery, where it has the extreme speed
imparted to it; and, consequently without stopping the cylinder, it will be possible,
by means of a vernier, to indicate the number or the fractions of revolutions which
the cylinder makes per second.
Our above described apparatus with differential wheel work is not only applicable
for measuring the product or the quotient of two factors, but it is also applicable to
the measurement of quotients and products of the form a + b a ± b
a ± b
cte
a
C
(df) g
and (df) x (g±h) by applying thereto the modifications which we will
a+b
C
now describe for obtaining, for instance, the quotient or the product (d±ƒ) y,
it is sufficient to add to the organs previously described ordinary differential wheel
work.
с
Figs. 9 and 10 indicate an apparatus in which the position of the worn B with
a± In this apparatus the
roller M indicates the value of a ratio of the form
discs F are driven with a speed equal to cand the wheel A is driven by a speed
equal to a + by means of an ordinary differential gearing. The wheelm of this
differential gearing is fixed on the pulley receiving its motion by a cord m' and
turns with the speed a, while the wheel of the same gearing revolves with the
speed b, which is communicated to it by the pulley to which it is fixed and which
is actuated by a cord n¹. These two wheels are loose on the axis o, so that the
movement which is communicated to this axis by the pinion p, which is attached
to the axis by its spindle 1, corresponds to the speed b. The position of the
a + b
worm and roller will consequently indicate at each moment the ra.io
is to say the ratio
a+b
C
a b
and the ratio
C
that
,
C
if the two wheels m and n revolve in the same direction,
if the two wheels revolve in contrary directions.
a ± b
In the special case where c is equal to a, the apparatus would be arranged as indicated
at Figs. 11 and 12. It is sufficient in this case to drive the discs F by the same
movement as the wheel m of the ordinary differential gearing, and the position of
the worm and roller will indicate the ratio
The wheel m would transmit, for
example, its motion by means of an intermediate wheel r and of the wheels fixed on the
axis of one of the discs F connected by a toothed pinion, as shewn at Figs. 11
and 12.
a
The apparatus constructed as shewn at Figs. 11 and 12 may be employed for the
analysis of combustion gases, the measurement of the quantity of carbonic acid

page_text: "
contained in combustible gases coming from a gas producer, etc. This latter
application is shewn at Fig. 13 of the drawings. The gases coming from the
producer pass successively through the gas meter Y, a column of lime Z and a
second gas meter Y¹. The carbonic acid contained in the combustible gases being
absorbed by the lime of the column Z, the gas meters Y and Y' will revolve at
a-b
different speeds a and b and the ratio will indicate the proportion of carbonic
acid gas contained in the gas that has passed through the meters. It will therefore
be sufficient to cause the wheel m to revolve by driving it by the meter Y by
means of a cord m³ passing round the pulley to which this wheel is fixed, as shewn
at Figs. 11, 12 and 13, and to drive the wheel n in the contrary direction by the
meter Y¹ and the cord n¹. The position of the worm B and roller M will indicate
at each moment the ratio equal to the ratio of the volume of carbonic acid
a-h
a
gas contained in the gas to the total volume of this gas.
When it is desired to obtain the indication of a product such as (d±f) g, the arrange-
ment employed is as shewn at Figs. 14 and 15. In this case the discs F are actuated
by a differential gearing which imparts a speed thereto equal to d±f and a position
proportionate to g is imparted to the worm B and roller M by means of the
lever K or by means similar to that indicated at Fig. 3. It will be seen that the
dises F revolving with a speed equal to d±f and the worm and roller occupying
a position proportionate to g, the wheel A will turn with a speed proportionate to the
product (df) g and the counter actuated by this wheel will furnish the indication
of this product.
Our above described apparatus are also capable of various other applications in
addition to those above cited. They may serve, for example, as calculating machines,
or they may serve to obtain the solution of the product of the pressure existing in a
conduit of compressed air steam or of a vacuum with the number of cylinder-charges
consumed, that is to say, with the distance passed through by the piston of a motor
engine acting without expansion by means of this steam etc.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. The construction of apparatus with differential wheel work, wherein a worm
gearing with a worm wheel carries on its axis a roller in contact with and rotated
by a revolving disc or discs, so that the worm wheel and disc or discs, having
independent motion imparted to them, the roller will be made to indicate the ratio
between the said motions by the position which it assumes relatively to the disc or
discs, substantially as and for the purposes herein described.
2. The adaptation of apparatus such as is referred to in the preceding claim to the
measurement of a discharge of liquid, by causing a valve controlled by such discharge
to act upon the worm and roller, while the worm wheel is connected to a clock work
mechanism and to a counter mechanism for totalising the discharge, the disc or discs
being caused to revolve at a constant speed, substantially as herein described with
reference to Fig. 1 of the drawings.
3. The adaptation of an apparatus such as is referred to in the first claim for
totalising the indications of a pressure gauge or pyrometer by causing the pressure
gauge or pyrometer to act upon the worm and roller, the worm wheel being con-
nected to a counter for totalising the pressures or temperatures, while the disc or
discs is or are made to revolve at a constant speed substantially as herein described
with reference to Fig. 2 of the drawings.
4. The adaptation of apparatus such as is referred to in the first claim for measuring
the work performed by a tool by causing the axis of a rotary dynamometer in
connection with such tool to act upon the worm and roller, while the disc or discs are
actuated directly by the transmission shaft of the tool, the worm wheel being
B

page_text: connected to a counter indicating the work done, substantially as described with
reference to Fig. 3 of the drawings.
5. The adaptation of apparatus such as is referred to in the first claim to the
indication of the ratio between an unknown and a known velocity, by means of the
position of the roller relative to the disc or discs, by causing the latter to revolve with
the unknown velocity to be determined while the worm wheel is made to revolve at a
known constant velocity, or the worm wheel is made to revolve at an unknown velocity
to be determined while the disc or discs are made to revolve with the known velocity
substantially as herein described with reference to Figs. 4, 5, 7 and 8 of the draw-
ings, the longitudinal displacements of the worm being, if required, transmitted to
a pointer on a dial or to a style marking on a cylinder.
6. The adaptation of apparatus such as is referred to in the first claim, to the
determination of the rapidity of succession of electric contacts, produced by a series of
movements of any kind, whereby such movements can be indicated or registered at
a distance, substantially as herein described with reference to Fig. 6.
7. The adaptation of apparatus such as is referred to in the first claim, to the
measurement of the quantity of carbonic acid gas contained in combustible gases, or
to the analysing of combustion gases, and the like, by actuating either the worm
wheel or the disc of either of the speed indicators shewn at Figs. 4, 5, 7 and 8 by
means of an ordinary differential gear, actuated by two gas meters through which the
gases pass successively and between which is interposed a receptacle containing lime
or other suitable absorbent substance, the other organ of the apparatus (disc or worm
wheel) being actuated by one of the gas meters, substantially as described with
reference to Figs. 11, 12 and 13.
8. The adaptation of apparatus such as is referred to in the first claim, to the
aab a + b
measurement of a product or quotient of the form of a x b, i
(d±f) g,
a+b
c ± e'
C
a
(d±f) (g±h) by actuating the organs of the said apparatus
by mechanism receiving motion in proportion to the factors of which the quotient or
the product is to be measured, substantially as herein described with reference to
Figs. 1 to 14 of the drawings.
Dated this 15th day of November 1888.