IMPROVE. MENTS IN CARRIAGE WINDOWS AND OTHER SLIDING FRAMES
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Imray, of 190, Westminster Bridge Road, in
the County of Surrey, Engineer, and Joseph Ellis, of 53, Eccleston Square,
in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN CARRIAGE WINDOWS AND OTHER SLIDING FRAMES,"
Sealed the 18th December 1866, and dated the 29th June 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Inray and Joseph
Ellis at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 29th June 1860.
We, JOHN IMRAY, of 190, Westminster Bridge Road, in the County of
Surrey, Engineer, and JOSEPH ELLIS, of 58, Eccleston Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE WINDOWS AND OTHER SLIDING FRAMES," to be as
follows:-
Our improvements apply principally to carriage windows, but they are
applicable also to other windows, sashes, shutters or frames, which are made
to slide by hand in vertical grooves.
The object of our Invention is to hold the window in any position to which
it is moved, so that it does not sink down by its own weight or the shaking to
which it is subjected, and to have the power of slacking it so that it can be
easily moved by hand. To effect this we form inclined recesses in those parts
of the frame which slide in the grooves, and fit them with wedges, which have
Price Sd 1

page_text: their thick ends downwards, and which are pressed upwards by springs. On
the sliding frame we mount levers, which bear on the small ends of the wedges,
and which have suitable knobs or latches that can be depressed by hand.
One side of each wedge bears against the gr ove, and the other against
the inclined face of the recess to which it is fitted; and to facilitate the
upward and downward movements of the wedge small rollers may be inter-
posed between the inclined faces. When the window is drawn up the rubbing
of the wedges on the grooves bears them downwards, and thus eases the
friction, but when the window is left to sink by its own weight the springs
force the wedges upwards, and so tighten the window in the grooves.
depressing the knobs or latches by hand the levers push down the wedges
and slack them, so that the window is free to move. Instead of wedges
sliding rectilineally we sometimes makethem of volute,cam, or eccentric form
turning on axes, and acted on by springs for tightening, and hand levers for
slacking their friction.
On
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Imray and Joseph Ellis in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 28th December 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, Jonn
IMRAY, of 190, Westminster Bridge Road, in the County of Surrey, Engineer,
and JOSEPH ELLIS, of 5%, Eccleston Square, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the thirtieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said John Imray and Joseph Ellis, Her special licence that we, the said
Jolin Imray and Joseph Ellis, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as we, the said John Imray and Joseph Ellis, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE WINDOWS AND
OTHER SLIDING FRAMES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the
said John Imray and Joseph Ellis, our executors or administrators, by an

page_text: instrument in writing under our or their hands and seals, or under the hand
and seal of one of us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Imray, on behalf of myself and
the said Joseph Ellis, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
Our improvements apply principally to carriage windows, but they are
applicable also to other windows, sashes, shutters, or frames, which are made
to slide by hand in vertical grooves.
The object of our Invention is to hold the window in any position to which
it is moved, so that it does not sink down by its own weight or the shaking to
which it is subjected, and to have the power of slacking it, so that it can be
easily moved by hand. To effect this we form inclined recesses in those
parts of the frame which slide in the grooves, and fit them with wedges, which
have their thick ends downwards, and which are pressed upwards by springs.
On the sliding frame we mount levers, which bear on the small ends of the
wedges, and which have suitable knobs or latches that can be depressed by
hand. One side of each wedge bears against the groove, and the other against
the inclined face of the recess, to which it is fitted; and to facilitate the upward
and downward movements of the wedge small rollers may be interposed
between the inclined faces. When the window is drawn up the rubbing of
the wedges on the grooves bears them downwards,and thus eases the friction;
but when the window is left to sink by its own weight the springs force the
wedges upwards, and so tighten the window in the grooves. On depressing
the knobs or latches by hand the levers push down the wedges,and slack them
so that the window is free to move. Instead of wedges sliding rectilineally,
we sometimes make them of volute cam or eccentric form, turning ou axes,
and acted on by springs for tightening, and hand levers for slacking their
friction.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.

page_text: Figure 4 is a front elevation of the parts represented in Figure 3. a is
part of the wood framing of the sash, in which we form a recess 5, to receive
a lever c, mounted on a pin c', near one end, and having a slotted hole c² at
the middle; e is a wedge let into a notch formed in the frame; e¹ is a spiral
spring which
presses the wedge upwards, and e² is a roller interposed
between the inclined face of the notch and the side of the wedge, so that the
wedge may move easily; the end of the lever c bears on the top of the
wedge e; f and f¹ are two parts of a latch hinged together, the part being
screwed to the sash frame, and the part having at its end a pin which
enters the slotted hole c³ in the lever c. The latch is made of convenient form
for receiving the finger and thumb placed respectively above and below it, so
that the upper part f¹ can be pressed down towards the lower part f when
desired.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-In raising the sash the pressure
of the hand is applied under f, the friction of the wedge e against the groove
in which the sash slides bears the wedge downwards, and thus relieves its
pressure against the groove, so that the sash can be moved freely; but when
the latch is let go by the hand, and the sash tends to slide down by its own
weight,the spring et bears the wedge e upwards,which strains thesashlaterally
between its grooves, and thus causes friction against the face of the wedge e
as well as at the opposite side of the sash frame, and thereby prevents the
sash from sliding down. For lowering the sash the pressure of the hand is
applied on the upper part of the latch f¹ so as to depress the lever c, and
thereby to push down the wedge e, and so relieve the friction. If the wedge
should have been much tightened the sash can first be very slightly raised so
as to relieve it, and then the lever and wedge can be depressed with ease.
Figures 5 and 6 represent an arrangement in which a roller is used instead
of the wedge e; Figure 5 being part of a longitudinal section of the sash
frame, and Figure 6 being an end elevation. a is the wood framing made
with a recess 6 containing the lever c as above described; i is a spring which
presses the lever c upwards; g is a roller inserted into a notch with an
inclined face formed in the frame; and h, h, are two side links connecting
the roller g with the end of the lever c. Where greater security against
slipping is required, the roller g may be toothed, serrated, or milled at
the edge, and the inclined face of the notch, as well as the face of the
groove against which the roller bears, may also be toothed or serrated to
correspond, but generally this is unnecessary. The lever c is operated on by
à finger latch, and the action of raising or lowering the sash is similar to that
which has been all ready described.

page_text: Figures 7, 8, and 9 represent an arrangement in which a cam, volute
shaped or eccentric body, turning on an axis, is employed instead of a wedge
sliding rectilineally; Figure 7 is a longitudinal section of part of the middle
of the sash frame; Figure 8 is a longitudinal section at one corner; and
Figure 9 is a sectional plan of the part represented in Figure 7. a is the
wood framing having a recess 6¹ formed therein; k is a lever mounted on a
pink, and formed of a cam, volute, or eccentric shape at the lower end, on
which a spring presses; m is a rod or bar connecting the upper end of the
lever with another lever n fixed on an axis, which passes through a hole
in a plate o attached to the framing, and to which is fixed a lever fitted
with a knob or other convenient part to which the fingers can be applied.
The rod or bar m has a slotted hole m¹, where the pin of the lever n enters it,
so that this lever can be moved backwards by raising the knob p without
moving me; but when the lever n is moved forwards by depressing the kuobp,
the rod or bar m is also pushed forwards, and causes the lever / to turn on
its axis k¹.
2
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-For raising the sash the hand
applied to the knob lever p raises it until the inner lever n connected with it
bears against the side of the recess in which it is placed. As the knob can then
be raised no farther, the sash is made to rise by the continued upward pressure
of the haud, and the friction against the curved lace of causes it to turn a
little on its axis, so as to relieve its pressure against the groove in which
the sash frame slides. When the knob lever pis let go the spring / bearing
against causes it to turn a little on its axis, and thus to bring a fuller part
of its curved surface against the groove, and so to strain the sash between the
sides, and by means of the friction thus produced to prevent it from sliding
down by its weight. For lowering the sash the hand is applied to the knob
lever p so as to push it down. This moves forwards the inner lever n and the
rod or bar m, which causes the lever to turn so as to relieve the friction
of its curved surface against the groove, and thus to permit the sash to slide
freely.
Although the latch represented in Figures 3 and 4 has been described only
in connection with the apparatus represented in Figures 1, 5 and 6, and
although the levers represented in Figures 7 and 9 have been described only
in connection with the apparatus represented in Figure 8, it may be readily
understood that by suitable modifications of details either mode of applying
the hand pressure to relieve friction can be employed in either case. More-
over, although the Drawings represent the apparatus applied to the upper part
of a sash frame which is most convenient in the case of a carriage window,

page_text: might be fitted to the lower part of an ordinary window sash, or to any other
convenient part of any sliding frame to which it might be applied, and the
wedges, rollers, or cam levers, instead of being made to bear against the
grooves in the direction of the width of the sash frame, might be made to
bear against the sides of the grooves in the direction of the thickness of
the sash frame.
And having now described the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, we declare that we do not confine
ourselves to the particular details represented in the Drawings and described
in reference thereto.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Imray, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Thirteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
JOHN IMRAY. (L.s).