IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELED CARRIAGES AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WHEELS AND SPRINGS FOR SUCH CARRIAGES AND OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Coles, of Gresham Street West, in the City
of London, Merchant, James Archibald Jaques, of Tottenham, in the
County of Middlesex, Chemist, and John Americus Fanshawe, of the
same Place, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELED
CARRIAGES AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WHEELS AND SPRINGS FOR SUCH
CARRIAGES AND OTHER VEHICLES."
Sealed the 11th October 1867, and dated the 15th May 1867.
1867.
WC, GEORGE COLES, of Gresham Street West, in the City of London,
Merchant, JAMES ARCHIBALD JAQUES, of Tottenham, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Chemist, and JOHN AMERICUS FANSHAWE, of the same Place, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
Price 8d.1
IN
WC, GEORGE COLES, OT Gresham
Merchant, JAMES ARCHIBALD JAQUES, of Tottenham, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Chemist, and JOHN AMERICUS FANSHAWE, of the same Place, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
Price 8d.1
IN

page_text: WHEELED CARRIAGES AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WHEELS AND SPRINGS FOR
BUCH CARRIAGES AND OTHER VEHICLES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention of "Improvements in Wheeled Carriages and in the
Construction of Wheels and Springs for such Carriages and other Vehicles"
relates, in the first place. to an improved mode of connecting the body of a
vehicle to the carriage frame to which the wheels are adapted. This part of
our Invention consists in connecting the body of the carriage to the framing
by means of an elastic block formed of vulcanized india-rubber.
In carrying out this improvement the elastic blocks of vulcanized india-
rubber are placed at all those parts where the body of the carriage is usually
brought in contact or connection with the framing. By thus placing elastic
blocks intermediate between all these parts the jar or shock usually com-
municated from the running wheels to the carriage is prevented, and the wear
and fear of the carriage is thereby greatly reduced.
The next improvement relates to the wheels, and consists in constructing
the tyres of wheels of two bands of iron which are coated with brass.
and between them is placed a band of india-rubber which is vulcanized in
situ so as to attach it permanently and firmly to the iron. By constructing
tyres in this manner the outer iron band is attached to the inner iron band
simply by the india-rubber, and as there is no metallic connection between
them there will be no jar when the wheels are running on the roughest
ground.
The next improvement relates to springs for carriages, and consists in
placing bands or sheets of india-rubber between the members or plates of
which the spring is composed. The steel plates or springs are first coated
with brass and then when the india-rubber bands are placed between them
the vulcanizing process is effected so as to cause the rubber to adhere firmly
to the metal.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Coles, James Archibald Jaques, and John Americus
Fanshawe in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 15th November
1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME we, GEORGE
COLES, of Gresham Street West, in the City of London, Merchant,
JAMES ARCHIBALD JAQUES, of Tottenham, in the County of Middlesex,

page_text: Chemist, and JOHN AMERICUS FANSHAWE, of the same Place, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
George Coles, James Archibald Jaques, and John Americus Fanshawe, Her
special licence that we, the said George Coles, James Archibald Jaques, and
John Americus Fanshawe, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as we, the said George Coles, James Archibald Jaques, and John
Americus Fanshawe, our executors. administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WHEELED CARRIAGES, AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WHEELS AND SPRINGS FOR
SUCH CARRIAGES AND OTHER VEHICLES," upon the condition (amongst others)
that we, the said George Coles, James Archibald Jaques and John Americus
Fanshawe, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great'
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said James Archibald Jaques and John
Americus Fanshawe, on behalf of ourselves, and of the said George Coles, do
hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
Our Invention of improvements in wheeled carriages and in the con-
struction of wheels and springs for such carriages has for its object, first, to
construct carriages with elastic or flexible joints, and to connect the several
parts together by means of clastic blocks or strips formed of vulcanized
india-rubber or its compounds. By thus placing elastic blocks or strips inter-
mediate between the several parts of the carriage and framing the jar or shock
usually communicated from the running wheels to the carriage is prevented,
and the wear and tear of the carriage is thereby greatly reduced.

page_text: The several Figures in the accompanying Drawings represent various views
of different parts of railway and other carriages constructed according to our
Invention, that is, with elastic blocks or strips of vulcanized india-rubber or
its compounds placed intermediate between the different parts of the framing
and body of the carriage.
Fig. is a vertical section of the hood or upper part of a waggonette in
which the several parts of the framing are connected together by means of
elastic joints according to our improvements; Fig. 2 is a horizontal section of
the same.
Instead of connecting together the parts A, B, and C of the framing of the
carriage by means of rigid connections, such as bolts, screws, or mortices, and
tenons, as is now the case, their union is effected by means of an elastic joint,
shewn on an enlarged scale at Figures 3 and 4, and formed of a block or blocks
of vulcanized india-rubber or its compounds a, which is or are secured to the
metallic plates b and c, one of which is secured by screws to the part A of the
framing, and the other to the part B, the rubber blocks a being intermediate
between these two parts A and B, leaving a slit or space between each part.
Any convenient number of these elastic blocks and fastenings may be used to
connect the parts of the carriage together, as seen at Fig. 1. The open spaces
or long narrow slits left between the parts A and B are subsequently filled or
closed by means of an elastic bead or fillet e, shown detached and drawn full
size at Figures 5 and 6. This bead or fillet is composed of junction rubber,
that is, the web e which is inserted in the slit or open spaces between the
parts A and B of the framing is made of soft rubber and covered with canvas,
while the bead or head e¹ is made of hard rubber, and when in place forms a
projecting round bead, as shewn at e, e, Figs. 1 and 2. Before placing the
fillet in the open slits between the parts A, B, or C of the framing it is well
glued so as to cause the edges of the framing to adhere to the fillet. The hood
shewn at Figures 1 and 2 may be attached or secured to the body of a
waggonette or other carriage by means of similar elastic blocks. This mode
of constructing the body of a carriage is applicable to railway carriages,
waggonettes, street cabs, omnibuses, and various other forms of carriages.
Fig. is a vertical section of part of a railway carriage and frame, shewing
the mode of connecting or attaching the body of the carriage to the framing;
Fig. 8 is a plan of the framing with the carriage body removed. The metal
plate b is secured by screws or bolts to the under side of the carriage body, and
the metal plate c to the upper side of the framing. The plates b and c are
coated on their inner side with brass and india-rubber or its compounds

page_text: secured between them. It will be seen that the metal plates b and c are
provided with vertical ribs to prevent the rubber a from being detached from
the metal plates by undue lateral strain.
Fig. 9 is a plan view, and Fig. 10 a longitudinal vertical section. shewing
a mode of elastic attachment applicable for a dog cart or gig: Figures 11
and 12 are similar views. shewing a slight modification of the mode of attach-
ment or suspension applicable for a dog cart. gig, or other such like vehicle.
Figures 13 and 14 represent another modification applicable to the same kind
of vehicles. In place of morticing the shafts and the back rail or other part of
the framing we connect them by means of an elastic joint, such as that shewn
in plan at Fig. 15, in side elevation at Fig. 16, and end elevation at Fig. 17.
Figures 18 and 19 represent two views of another mode of joining the
frame together, and shewing also the fillet or bead c composed of junction
rubber used as before mentioned to close the space between the two parts
of the framing. Fig. 20 represents one mode of connecting the springs of
the carriage to the axletree without any rigid connection. The junction
of the parts is effected by means of an elastic joint formed as in the other
instances of a pair of plates b and c, intermediate between which is a
block or piece of vulcanized india-rubber, which is firmly fixed to both the
metal plates, one of which is secured by bolts to the spring and the other to
the axletree.
Fig. 20 is a modified form of the above block or joint for connecting the
springs to the axletree.
Fig. 21 is another modification of the above, two or more blocks or pieces
of rubber being secured between iron plates coated with brass. It will be
obvious that the form of these elastic joints admits of considerable variation
according to the particular construction of carriage to which such joints or
elastic attachments are to be adapted.
We would here remark that in all elastic joints and attachments the india-
rubber is securely attached to the metal plates, which are made either of brass
or iron, or steel coated with brass. This is effected by placing the strips or
blocks of india-rubber in contact with the brazen surfaces, and then vulcanizing
the rubber in situ, whereby a firm adhesion of the rubber to the metallic
surfaces is obtained, and an elastic joint and attachment is produced without
the necessity of employing any bolts, screws, or other rigid fastenings.
The next part of our Invention relates to the construction of the wheels of
wheeled carriages, and consists in constructing the tyres of wheels of two or
more bands of iron, which are coated with brass, and between them is placed

page_text: a band of india-rubber, which is vulcanized in situ, so as to attach it per-
manently and firmly to the iron.
Fig. 22 represents part of the felloc of a wheel constructed according to our
Invention; Fig. 23 is a cross section of the same. d is the wooden felloe;
a is the band of vulcanized india-rubber, which is placed between the two
hoops,, which are coated with brass, so as to cause the rubber to adhere
thereto, as before mentioned. Or the rubber may be placed between and
attached to two strips or hoops of brass, so as to form a kind of wedge-shaped
hoop, as shewn in the section, Fig. 22*, which ring may be forced between
the two iron hoops or tyres f. f, and secured by rivetting or otherwise.
Figures 24 and 25 represent another modification, the principal difference
being that there is a separate wearing tyre g in addition to the outer band or
ring; this outer tyre is shrunk on, and when it is worn down the worn out
tyre may be cut out and removed, and a new one put in its place. By con-
structing tyres in this manner the outer iron band f is attached to the inner
iron band simply by the india-rubber, and as there is no metallic connection
between them there will be no jar when the wheels are running on the roughest
ground.
The next improvement relates to springs for carriages, and consists in
placing bands or sheets of india-rubber between the members or plates of which
the spring is composed. The steel plates or springs are first coated with brass,
and then when the india-rubber bands are placed between them the
vulcanizing process is effected so as to cause the rubber to adhere firmly to
the metal as in the elastic joints. Fig. 26 is an elevation of a spring
constructed in this manner, in which it will be seen that there is no metallic
contact between the several members of the spring, and consequently there
will be no jar or noise.
Having now described our Invention of "Improvements in Wheeled
Carriages, and in the Construction of Wheels and Springs for such Carriages
and other Vehicles," and having explained the manner of carrying the same
into effect, we claim as the Invention secured to us by Letters Patent as
aforesaid,--
First, connecting together the parts of carriages and the framing thereof by
means of elastic joints or attachments composed of vulcanized india-rubber
interposed between metal plates, as herein set forth.
Second, constructing the tyres of running wheels of two or more bands of
iron, between which is interposed a strip or band of vulcanized india-rubber,
as herein set forth.

page_text: Third, constructing carriage springs of two or more plates of steel, between
hich are interposed strips of vulcanized india-rubber, as herein set forth.
In witness whereof we, the said James Archibald Jaques and John
Americus Fanshawe, have hereunto set our hands and seals, the
Fifteenth day of November, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-seven.
Witness,
HENRY F. HAILES.
66, Chancery Lane.
JAS. A. JAQUES.
(L.S.)
JOHN A. FANSHAWE. (L..s.)