matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
MAKING A SHOE WITHOUT THE USE OF LEATHER
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Cecil Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
January 1860.
I, CECIL JOHNSON, of No. 6, Northumberland Street, Strand, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "MAKING
A SHOE WITHOUT THE USE OF LEATHER," to be as follows:-
It is made entirely of hemp. The sole is made of hempen thread, platted
to any thickness required, and sewed together with thread in the shape of the
sole of a human foot. The said plaits are sewen together through the entire
breadth of the sole in three different places above each other, so that when
the sole wears out up to the first line of sewing, it is held together by the
second, and when the sole wears out through the second, it is held together
by the third. The part of the "hemp-soled shoe" which covers the foot, and
corresponds with what would be called in an ordinary shoe the upper leather, is
made of canvas, which may be of any color, having two holes lined with
brass on the instep, and two more, one behind the other, through which is
passed a strong tape, which, crossing the foot twice over the instep, is tied like
a sandal, to keep the shoe firm on the foot.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE DISCHARGE OF WATER FROM STEAM PIPES
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jonathan Musgrave, of Bolton-le-Moors, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE DISCHARGE OF WATER FROM STEAM
PIPES."
Sealed the 12th March 1861, and dated the 7th December 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jonathan Musgrave, at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th December 1860.
I, JONATHAN MUSGRAVE, of Bolton-le-Moors, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS POR REGULATING THE DISCHARGE OF WATER FROM STEAM
PIPES," to be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in causing the weight of the water
collected in a vessel attached to the steam pipe to lower the said vessel, and
thereby to open a valve through which the water escapes; this valve acts also
as a vacuum valve to admit air when the pressure within the steam pipe is less
than the pressure of the atmosphere.

page_text: A convenient mode of carrying my Invention into operation is by supporting
the vessel attached to the steam pipe on springs, the force of which is about
equal to the weight of the vessel when empty; the force of the springs may
however be regulated according to circumstances, or a counterweight may be
used instead of or combined with springs. As soon as a sufficient quantity of
condensed steam or water from the steam pipe has accumulated in the vessel
it descends and brings the tail of the valve spindle against a fixed object,
thereby opening the valve and allowing the water to run off until the force of
the springs overcomes the weight of the vessel, which again rises, and as soon
as the valve spindle is raised above the fixed object the valve is closed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING RAILWAY SWITCHES AND CROSSINGS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Finch at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th March
1860.
I, EDWARD FINCH, of Chepstow, do hereby declare the nature of the Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING RAILWAY SWITCHES AND CROSSINGS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in constructing railway
switches and crossings, and is applicable to railways constructed across or along
roads and ways where carriages with wheels having ordinary tyres are used,
and are required to be allowed to pass freely across such railways. For these
purposes, where the rails used in constructing the railway are hollow and
somewhat similar in section to inverted "bridge rails," and where the flanges
of the railway carriages run in the hollows or grooves of the rails, I apply, in
combination with such inverted or hollow rails, switches and crossings, con-
structed in like manner to the switches and crossings on broad guage
and
other railways, where bridge rails are used in constructing the permanent
ways.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STRIKING THE HOURS ON BELLS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
December 1860.-A communication from abroad by François Guichené,
of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North Britain,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STRIKING THE HOURS ON BELLS," a communication
from abroad by François Guichené, of Paris, in the Empire of France, to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar arrangement and combination of
mechanism, whereby any ordinary clock or timepiece is made to bring into
action at the desired time suitable striking mechanism for sounding the hours,
half-hours, and quarters, on a set of bells entirely disconnected from the clock
or timepiece which governs them. In carrying out this Invention it is
proposed to adopt to any ordinary clock or timepiece suitable mechanism
for establishing an electric circuit at the desired intervals of time, through an
electro-magnet, which magnet, by attracting an armature, releases a train of
wheelwork or auxiliary mechanism set in motion by a weight or spring.
This auxiliary mechanism is connected with the ordinary striking movement
of a clock; and serves to release the same by lifting a detent, whereupon
the main striking mechanism, which is actuated by a weight or spring,
instantly comes into action and works the striking hammers of the bell or bells.
Thus, in place of the "going mechanism" of the clock or timepiece being

page_text: required to start the striking movement directly, it has merely to establish
an electric contact between two surfaces, when the resulting current sets in
motion the more powerful mechanism which starts the striking movement.
It is thus obvious that the largest public clock bells may be struck by
mechanism brought into play originally by a small clock or timepiece.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN MATERIALS APPLICABLE AS CRINOLINE & OTHER ARTICLES OF LADIES' DRESS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Burrell, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th Septem-
ber 1860.
I, JOHN BURRELL, of Norwich, in the County of Norfolk, Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN MATERIALS APPLICABLE AS CRINOLINE & OTHER ARTICLES
OF LADIES' DRESS," to be as follows:-
My improvements in the manufacture of woven materials consist in the
combination of certain materials for the manufacture of a stiff and highly
elastic fabric, which is not liable to crumple or retain pleats or folds into which
it may be pressed while in use. The materials which I combine for this
purpose are borsehair and mohair, or horsehair combined with worsted or with
worsted and silk or other combinations of those materials. For the most
part I use a weft entirely of horsehair, but if desirable mohair, silk, or worsted,
may be used in part as weft. For the warp of the fabric I employ mohair
alone, or mohair mixed with silk or worsted, or it may be worsted alone or
combinations of silk and worsted or of silk alone. According to the colours of
the mohair, silk, or worsted introduced, so may be the patterns of the fabrics
manufactured, as well understood in weaving operations. The pattern may
be simply in stripes or checks, or may be rendered more ornamental by the
jacquard apparatus or otherwise as well understood in weaving.
Fabrics manufactured of these combinations of materials are suitable as
crinoline to be used as petticoats for distending ladies' dresses or instead of

page_text: using it as petticoats or under garments they may be used as dresses which
will be self-distending, and may be more or less handsome according to the
materials & designs used in the manufacture as above described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES FOR CLOSETS AND OTHER RECEPTACLES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
December 1860.-A communication from abroad by Pierre Guillaume
and Frederic Hippolyte Ouin, of Paris.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES FOR CLOSETS AND OTHER RECEPTACLES," (com-
municated to me from abroad by Pierre Guillaume and Frederic Hippolyte
Ouin, of Paris,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the construction of a valve suitable for water-
closets, privies, cesspools, and other receptacles, in the following manner :-
The valve proper consists of a slide free to move between a circular or other
frame, mounted on or formed in a piece with a shaft, to which rotary or partial
rotary motion is imparted by suitable gearing. The valve is formed of or about
half the width of the frame, and has a hole made in it through which a shaft
passes in connection with the other shaft. On rotary motion being communi-
cated to the latter shaft the frame turns with it, and the slide falling by its
own weight empties the matters deposited on it.
To apply the valve to a closet, it is fitted to a frame, shaped at its upper
part to carry a pan. This frame surrounds the valve and is in communication
with a pipe leading to the sewer or other receptacle. There is a lining of
metal to keept the joint tight, and the slide carries indian-rubber or other

page_text: washers to maintain its uniform motion. The valve is enclosed by metal or
other plates, through one of which a pinching screw passes, abutting against
one end of the shaft, over which the slide moves. A collar on one of the
driving wheels carries an abutment, which acts against one of the metal plates
and prevents the valve being carried round too far.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE HANGING AND FASTENING OF DOORS, LIDS, AND OTHER HINGED COVERS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Anton Neumann at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th August
1860. A communication from abroad by Franz Xavier Kientzle, of
Colmar, in the Empire of France, Mechanician.
I, ANTON NEUMANN, of 4, Pancras Lane, in the City of London, Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
HANGING AND FASTENING OF DOORS, LIDS, AND OTHER HINGED COVERS."-A com-
munication to me from abroad by Franz Xavier Kientzle, of Colmar, in the
Empire of France, Mechanician, to be as follows:-—
This Invention relates to a peculiar system or mode of hanging and fastening
doors, whether for apartments, closets, or articles of furniture, windows,
shutters, the lids of boxes, such as dressing-cases and snuff-boxes, and the
doors of kitchen ranges and stoves, whereby a better supply of light is
obtained in the interior of closed places from the fact of the doors or lids being
made to open and close from both sides.
According to this Invention it is proposed to apply a sliding rod or bar to
each side or edge of a door or lid, such sliding rods or bars forming either the
hinge pin of the door or lid, or the fastening of the same, according to the
side on which the door or lid is opened. A handle is provided on each side of
the door, by partially turning either of which the sliding rod corresponding
therewith may be disconnected from the hinge sockets and the door or lid
consequently opened on that side, whilst the opposite bar or rod remaining

page_text: engaged in the hinge sockets serves as the hinge upon which the door or lid
turns. Either of the sliding bars may be disconnected from their sockets, as
desired, and the door or lid thus made to open on either side or edge. Suitable
appliances are used for locking or fixing both the bars when the door or lid
will be prevented from opening in either direction, and means are employed
for preventing both bars from being disconnected simultaneously. In dressing
cases and other box lids the same result may be obtained by fitting them
with double folding hinges. It is obvious that various simple mechanical
appliances may be used for imparting the sliding motion to the bars or rods
from their actuating handles or keys; but the method preferred is a rack and
pinion or a wiper working in a notch in the bar or rod.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERING BOTTLES, JARS, AND OTHER LIKE VESSELS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Chrimes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th May
1860.
I, PETER CHRIMES, of 175, Collyhurst Road, Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Glass Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERING BOTTLES, JARS, AND OTHER LIKE
VESSELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar mode of stoppering or closing bottles,
jars, and other like vessels, and consists in the application and use for that
purpose of a cap or cover of glass, wood, or other suitable material, which fits
over the neck of the vessel, and is provided with one or more spiral grooves.
inside, which grooves run out to the lip of the cap or cover in one continuous
incline. On the outside of the neck of the vessel a small stud or studs or
projections is or are formed, which enter the spiral grooves above referred to
in the interior of the cover, the latter being tightened up by giving it a turn
or partial turn by the hand.
A NEW OR IMPROVED WASHING MACHINE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Salter Parkes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th October
1860.
I, WILLIAM SALTER PARKES, of West Bromwich, in the County of Stafford,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR
IMPROVED WASHING MACHINE," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of a washing machine constructed essentially in the
following manner:-I mount a tub or vessel upon a vertical axis on the bed
or base of the machine. The said tub or vessel has a slow intermittent
rotatory motion given to it, as herein-after explained, and contains the articles
to be washed and the washing liquid or solution. Antifriction rollers fixed to
the framing of the machine bear against the exterior of the tub, and maintain
it in an upright position. In the said rotating tub a series of hammers, maids,
or dolleys are situated, the said dolleys being made to rise to a certain height
in the said tub, and allowed to fall by their own weight upon the articles on
the bottom of the tub or vessel. The said hammers or dolleys are made of
wood, and weighted with lead or otherwise, and their stems work in guides in
the framing of the machine. The rising motion of the hammers or dolleys is
thus effected. A horizontal shaft working in bearings in the framing of the
machine is provided with arms, leaves, or cams. By the rotation of the said
shaft the leaves or cams engage under shoulders made in the stems of the said
hammers or dolleys, and lift the said dolleys. When the said dolleys have
been lifted the proper height the cams or arms escape from under the said

page_text: shoulders, and the dolleys fall by their own weight upon the articles in the
rotating tub. The said dolleys may be raised, and allowed to fall four or six
times during each revolution of the shaft. The rotatory motion of the hori-
zontal shaft is effected by a toothed wheel on the main shaft of the machine,
gearing into a toothed wheel on the said horizontal shaft. The main shaft
may be turned by a winch on its end, or when steam power is used by a band
passed over a pulley on the said shaft. The intermittent rotatory motion of
the tub or vessel is effected as follows:-On the end of the shaft by which the
dolleys are worked is a crank, which is connected by a connecting rod to the
upper arm of a bell-crank lever. The lower arm of the said lever is fixed to
an arm or rod, the end of which engages with the teeth of a ratchet wheel fixed
on the axis of the tub or vessel. By the rotatory motion of the shaft the said
rod forces round the ratchet wheel, and communicates an intermittent rotatory
motion to the tub or vessel. By the rotation of the said tub or vessel all parts of
the articles therein are successively brought under the operation of the hammers
or dolleys, and thereby washed. A wringing machine may be attached to the
washing machine for wringing the washed articles on their removal from the
tub or vessel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RIPLES AND OTHER FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Doublet at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th July
1860.
I, THOMAS DOUBLET, of 7, City Road, Finsbury Square, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
RIPLES AND OTHER FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in rifles and other fire-arms,
and consists in combining therewith sights arranged in the following manner:
The back or elevating sight has a number of holes, either circular or of any
shape which may be preferred, formed through it, and these holes are arranged
on the principle of a stadium, that is to say, the sizes of the holes are
such that a person aiming with the fire-arm will be able to judge of the
distance of any object (say a man) the height of which is approximately
known, and for which the instrument is adjusted, by observing which of the
several holes in the back sight appears just to include the object. This bole
will also be so situated that by sighting through it the proper elevation for the
distance indicated is obtained when the foresight is aligned with the object.
The foresight, which I combine with an elevating sight such as above
described, is made in the form of a ring, so that in sighting the object is seen
through the ring, and is brought into the centre of it. The foresight also is
brought so as to appear concentric with the aperture in the back or elevating
sight. Although I prefer to arrange the apertures in the back sight on the

page_text: principle of the stadium, it is not essential that they should be so arranged,
the combining a back sight having apertures at distances placed so as to
be suitable for different ranges with a ring foresight, as described, being
also an important feature of my Invention. For persons having defective
sight I in some cases make the apertures of larger size than they would be if
arranged for use as a stadium, and I fit each aperture with a lense adapted
to the sight of the person intending to use the piece.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AXLES FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Robinson Porter, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th September
1860. A communication from abroad by Henry Porter and William
Edward Jones, both of Bahia, in the Empire of Brazil, Engineers.
I, JOHN ROBINSON PORTER, of 47, Wood Street, in the City of London,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN AXLES FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The Invention has reference to the axles of locomotive engines, and railway
carriages, and is applicable particularly when these are required to travel on
curves of small radius, and also generally to other cases or purposes in which
two wheels being fixed on one axle, one of them is required to travel at a
velocity different from the other.
And the said Invention consists in the arrangement of an improved coupling
for maintaining the gauge of the wheels, and an adjustment against wear and
tear, as exemplified in the accompanying Drawing, which illustrates the
Invention by a sectional view of one of the improved couplings and axles.
A is one half or portion of the axle secured firmly in the coupling box C;
B is the other half or portion formed with a conical end D fitting into. a
female bush or cone D¹, which has a slit on one side, so as to allow of
adjustment by means of gibs and cotters at E; F is an arrangement for

page_text: keeping the half axle in its proper position; G, a hole for lubrication, and G¹,
space to admit of the bush or cone D₁ sliding up when re-adjustment is
required.
The Invention may be applied to the shafts of screw steam-boats for stopping
the motion of the screw without stopping the engines, and to other machinery
when a similar application would be desirable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PIANOFORTES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Wesson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th February
1860.
I, DANIEL WESSON, of No. 7, Granby Street, Hampstead Road, in the
County of Middlesex, Pianoforte Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PIANOFORTES,"
to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to increase the power of pianofortes of any
construction, by sounding two, three, or four notes of the same denomination
at one and the same time, and is effected as follows:-Below the ordinary
keys of the piano, and starting from the centre thereof, are placed a number
of other keys or levers in a diagonal position, those intended for the bass notes
running to the left hand, and those for the treble to the right hand. The
front ends of these lower keys or levers meet together in the centre of the
piano, that is to say, the first keys of both the treble and bass are immediately
under the two centre finger keys of the piano, while the other or further ends
of the same levers are exactly two octaves apart. The upper and lower keys
communicate with each other by vertical pins or pegs at each end, so that by
depressing one key in the centre of the instrument every note of the same
denomination can be sounded simultaneously on that half to which the note

page_text: belongs. The same set of duplicate keys or levers can be placed above the
ordinary keys, when necessary, by reversing their direction. The whole of
these levers are to be kept out of sight, and when not required for use can be
made inactive by stops at each end of the instrument, which will have the
effect of throwing them into or out of action.
AN AEROSTATIC SIGNAL APPARATUS, TO BE CALLED SEMASPHERE
Year: 1860

page_text: the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th December
1860.
I, FERDINAND SILAS, of No. 4, Leicester Place, Leicester Square, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN AEROSTATIC SIGNAL APPARATUS, TO BE CALLED SEMASPHERE," "
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the application of a new process, by means of
balloons raised to a certain height, and secured to the ground or other objects
by means of ropes or cables, on which lamps or other signal lights may be
fixed, so that when in a certain position both their numbers and colours may
represent certain signals. Although the lights now in use on land and at sea
may be easily adapted to the semasphere, the object of these signal balloons
consists in producing a powerful focus of light, either by electricity, by the
lime light, by means of Fitzmaurice's light, or by various other means already
in use, but especially by the phosphuretted hydrogen, either with or without
oxygen. In order to steady the balloon I propose employing one or several
kites or parachutes of various forms. One of the principal applications of
the semasphere consists in illuminating the balloons by means of powerful
reflectors, mirrors, or lenses, so as to produce a luminous sphere by means of
which the number and form of the aerostatic apparatus can be ascertained at
great distances. The source of light may be either beneath the balloon or on
the ground, in the latter case the gas may be sent up by means of tubes placed

page_text: along the ropes. When the electric light is used the ropes may serve as
conductors, but then the battery will be on the ground. The aerostatic appa-
ratus may assume various forms, so as to produce different signals by their
combination, either with or without the aid of light. The balloons may be
constructed of different materials, they may be either metallic or made of silk,
leather, india-rubber, gutta percha, pasteboard, parchment, animal or vegetable
tissues. All those materials can be covered in and outside with a layer of
liquid glass, (silicate of potash, soda,) or any other silicate which renders
them impermeable. The semasphere may be used in the navy, in harbours,
in lighthouses, during sieges, and generally whenever a powerful light is
required; they may be employed also as day signals, and finally they may
serve as lightning conductors or electro-substractors, and in those cases they
are provided with metallic points communicating with the ground through
metallic wires running along the ropes.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS, AND IN RESTS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREWITH, WHICH RESTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER DESCRIPTIONS OF FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Walsh at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st May
1860.
I, JOHN HENRY WALSH, of Kensington, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS, AND IN RESTS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREWITH, WHICH
RESTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER DESCRIPTIONS OF FIRE-ARMS," to be as
follows:-
In carrying out the first part of my Invention I construct a chamber of
iron or steel in the shape of a mortar with solid trunnions (vertical by pre-
ference), and with its fore end terminating in an expanded form, constituting
about four-fifths of a circle. This chamber is of a sufficient capacity to take
the whole charge, and is strongly connected to the barrel by a frame (also of
iron or steel), which admits the trunnions to work in corresponding holes.
The upper part of this framework is screwed to the barrel, and is fixed to the
lower part by a "hat" at the breech end, and by one or two loops and slides
at the fore end. By this arrangement a perfectly strong connection of the
chamber with the barrel is effected, which yet admits of the two being very
readily separated & cleaned. A secure provision against the escape of gas is
obtained by the extensive ground segmental surface on the chamber & within
the enclosing framework.
When the chamber is to be loaded its breech end is turned sideways (or
downwards if so arranged), when its mouth becomes exposed at the reverse

page_text: side (or at the top, as the case may be,) through a corresponding opening in
the framework, and thus the charge is introduced. The chamber is then
restored to its original position & the piece may be fired. The Invention may
be applied to double rifles or to shot guns by using a double chamber. The
chamber may be rifled in continuation of the rifling of the barrel, & when
closed the whole cylinder or bore corresponds with that of a muzzle-loader,
and the piece can be used either as a breech-loader or as a muzzle-loader.
In carrying out the second part of my Invention I strap or otherwise attach
to the left fore arm of the person shooting, a kind of cradle having a cap for
the elbow to rest in, & to this cap is secured a rod or rest, the lower end of
which is furnished with a hook or pin which is placed in an eye or socket
attached to the belt or dress about level with the hip joint, so as to form a
steady rest for the left arm when shooting. The rest can readily be discon-
nected from the eye or socket, & the arm is then free to move in any direction
for loading or other purposes.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN MALT LIQUORS
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Arthur Sarjeant, of Peckham, in the County of
Surrey, Surgeon, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN MALT
LIQUORS."
Sealed the 2nd April 1861, and dated the 6th October 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Arthur Sarjeant at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th October 1860.
I, ARTHUR SARJEANT, of Peckham, in the County of Surrey, Surgeon, do
5 hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
MALT LIQUORS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in mixing with ale, beer, and malt liquors, generally.
after being brewed and prior to fermentation, taraxacum; I prefer to use it
in the state of concentrated extract, and in the proportion of about ten grains.
0 of the extract to about one pint of the liquor.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Arthur Sarjeant in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
6th April 1861.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Arthur Serjeant, Her special licence that I, the said Arthur
Sarjeant, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Arthur Sarjeant, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN MALT LIQUORS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Arthur Sarjeant, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months, next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Arthur Sarjeant, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed; to be particularly described and ascertained in. and by the fol-
lowing statement thereof, that is to say::-
My Invention consists in mixing with ale, beer, and malt liquors, generally
after being brewed and prior to or after fermentation, taraxacum; I prefer to
use it in the state of concentrated extract, and in the proportion of about twenty
grains of the extract to about one pint of the liquor, ale, or porter.
In witness whereof, I, the said Arthur Sarjeant, have hereunto set my
hand, and seal, this Fifth day of April, One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-one.
AN IMPROVED MOTIVE-POWER ENGINE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Jeremiah Murphy at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
May 1860.
I, WILLIAM JEREMIAH MURPHY, of Cork, Ireland, Brewer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MOTIVE-POWER
ENGINE," to be as follows:-
This improved motive-power engine may be driven by the elastic force of
steam, compressed water, compressed air,. or other elastic fluid, and the object
of the Invention is to save the fuel or other medium whereby such elastic
force is obtained or produced.
The feed pipe which supplies the steam or other elastic fluid to the cylinders
is to be stationary, and on the end of this pipe is placed a revolving chamber
in which the cylinders are fixed, their axes being radial to the centre of the
feed pipe, and at right angles thereto. The chamber revolves steam-tight on
the end of the feed pipe, and is fast to the shaft on which the fly wheel is keyed,.
the said shaft passing through stuffing boxes in the feed pipe, and also in the
revolving chamber. The inner ends of the cylinders or those next to the
central feed pipe are open, and the cylinders are fitted with pistons and piston
rods, so that when steam or other elastic fluid is admitted to the centre, it
acts simultaneously on all the pistons, driving them outwards. To the outer
end of each piston rod is attached a lever, which vibrates on a fulcrum, and is
connected by a link to the rim of the fly wheel in. such a manner that as soon

page_text: as the pressure acts upon the pistons, the levers by their links pull the fly
wheel round, and as the cylinders and levers revolve with the fly wheel, the
force of the steam or other elastic fluid is constantly forcing the fly wheel
round in one direction as long as the pressure is maintained.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PROPELLING VESSELS, AND IN THE APPARATUS OR MECHANISM FOR THE SAME
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Gregory Drewo at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
November 1860.
I, HENBY GREGORY DREWE, of Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PROPELLING VESSELS, AND IN THE APPARATUS OR MECHANISM FOR THE
SAME," to be as follows:-
I propel vessels by forcing compressed air (or air not compressed), or air
mixed with water, through pipes of varying bore (or some larger than the
others), through a great length of the vessel into the sea or other deep water,
so as to expose the greatest surface or area where the blast comes in contact
with the floating medium, and at depths proportioned to the power of the
engines (the whole in such position and form on board that it is not exposed
to danger or accident above or under water), and thus at various depths to be
rapidly expelled (from or towards the stern to impel a ship forwards, and from
or towards the bows to check or reverse the onward motion), and thus the
expansive power of compressed air and the impulsive force of steam or other
agent can be most effectively applied to impel any floating body in the
required direction. Some of these conducting pipes to be divided and fitted
with self-acting check valves, so as to take advantage of a reflux or reaction
of the back water between the alternating strokes of the steam engine
(if used).
A METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRESERVING ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH CABLES AND WIRES, PRIOR TO THEIR BEING LAID
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Atwood Glass at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th December 1860.
I, RICHARD ATWOOD GLASS, of the Firm of Glass, Elliot, and Company,
of Greenwich, in the County of Kent, Submarine Telegraph Cable Manufac-
turers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A METHOD
AND APPARATUS FOR PRESERVING ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH CABLES AND WIRES,
PRIOR TO THEIR BEING LAID," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in enclosing the cables or wires in air-tight boxes
or cases, and in the employment of boxes or-cases with jackets or double
sides at every part, into which cool air, or water, ice, or cooling mixtures
may be pumped or introduced, or which may be packed with any suitable.
non-conducting material.
My Invention further consists, in some cases, in placing the cables or
wires in tanks or cases, and in filling up the same with water or other suitable
liquid, after which a cover is applied. These tanks or cases may or may not
be formed double sided according to the first part of my Invention.

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Atwood Glass at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th December 1860.
I, RICHARD ATWOOD GLASS, of the Firm of Glass, Elliot, and Company,
of Greenwich, in the County of Kent, Submarine Telegraph Cable Manufac-
turers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A METHOD
AND APPARATUS FOR PRESERVING ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH CABLES AND WIRES,
PRIOR TO THEIR BEING LAID," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in enclosing the cables or wires in air-tight boxes
or cases, and in the employment of boxes or cases with jackets or double
sides at every part, into which cool air, or water, ice, or cooling mixtures
may be pumped or introduced, or which may be packed with any suitable
non-conducting material.
My Invention further consists, in some cases, in placing the cables or
wires in, tanks or cases, and in filling up the same with water or other suitable
liquid, after which a cover is applied. These tanks or cases may or may not
be formed double sided according to the first part of my Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS. IN APPARATUS FOR GRINDING, SMOOTHENING, AND POLISHING PLATE GLASS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Stockley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th October
1860.
I, JOSEPH STOCKLEY, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, in the County of Northum-
berland, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS. IN APPARATUS FOR GRINDING, SMOOTHENING, AND POLISHING PLATE
GLASS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the use of revolving cylinders or rollers in combi-
nation with self-acting apparatus for the purpose of feeding the sand, emery,
or other grinding, smoothening, and polishing material, and for distributing
water to the said cylinders, as required. The cylinders or rollers are adjusted
in bearings either in a vertical, horizontal, diagonal, or radial direction in rela-
tion to the plate glass to be operated upon, and they may be arranged singly
or collectively, and variously applied to the surface of the plate glass.
The plate glass is secured on a stationary bench or table, or on one to which
motion is given by suitable gearing, in such a manner that every part of the
glass may be subjected to the action of the revolving cylinders or.rollers. The
said bench or table, whether stationary or moveable, is capable of being raised
or lowered at the sides and ends, in order that the substance to be ground,
smoothened, or polished may be adjusted level and to the thickness to which
it is required to be reduced. The cylinders or rollers are also capable of

page_text: being adjusted, if necessary, to different degrees of elevation above the bench
or table for the same purpose.
The cylinders or rollers are constructed in rings covered with outer longitu-
dinal strips capable of being replaced, or they may be otherwise constructed;
or they may be formed in discs bored to fit the central axis, the outer edges of
such discs being either smooth or rounded, and arranged with the concavities
of one set of discs opposite to the convexities of another set, so as to adapt
them for operating successively on all portions of. the material under treat-
ment. For polishing, I prefer to use cylinders composed of longitudinal strips
or segments, with grooves in the sides for receiving felt or other polishing
material which may be turned over the edge of the grooves and fixed before
the segment is secured in its place.
The self-acting feeder consists of a box, trough, or receptacle, placed in a
convenient situation with reference to the revolving cylinders or rollers, and
containing the sand, emery, polishing liquid, paste, or othe agent for grinding,
smoothening, or polishing; such box, trough, or receptacle, being capable of
discharging its contents on to the cylinder or roller in the quantities regulated
by a slide or other convenient means. There is also a pipe or receptacle for
water, with a tap or other means of distributing the same to the cylinder or
roller as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN KNAPSACKS, HAVERSACKS, AND SUCH LIKE PORTABLE RECEPTACLES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Vogl at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th January 1860.
I, DAVID VOGL, of the Firm of Vogl, Brothers, Sambrook Court, Basinghall
Street, in the City of London, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN KNAPSACKS, HAVERSACKS, AND SUCH LIKE
PORTABLE RECEPTACLES," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in so cutting, shaping, and arranging the
materials of which the knapsack or receptacle is formed, that it may be
opened out flat (in which state it may be more readily packed), and also when.
empty it may be folded up flat (rendering it less bulky and more convenient
for transport from place to place), and yet when closed up with the parts
secured together (provision being made for that purpose by hooks and eyes,
connection cords, or any other mode of fastening). This article may have the
same box-like shape and character as the ordinary knapsack or receptacle.
The accompanying Drawing illustrates the means or way which, as far as I
can at present judge, I should prefer to adopt in practice. A is the bottom of
the knapsack; B, B, B, B, sides; C, C, inner flaps; D, D, outer flaps; E, E,
connection cord passed through rings or eyes on or in the insides of the
sides (B, B, B, B). This cord to have an eye at one end and a hook at the
other, and when set free should let the whole of the parts
when brought end to end and secured should draw the four sides (B, B, B, B,)
fall down flat, and

page_text: into an upright position, forming a box without a lid, (and when loose letting
them flat, as in the Drawing,) which is covered by turning over the flaps C, C,
and upon them the flaps D, D. The knapsack may have the usual boot-
pockets, straps, &c., or a handle, if desired.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE AND IN THE WELDING OF STEEL AND WROUGHT AND CAST IRON
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th November 1860.-A communication from abroad by Charles Funk,
of Paris.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE AND IN THE WELDING OF STEEL AND
WROUGHT AND CAST IRON," (communicated to me from abroad by Charles
Funk, of Paris,) to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to improve the qualities of steel and of
wrought and cast iron by treating them with a powder composed as hereafter
described, which powder is also applicable to the welding of steel and iron.
Take horn of the hoof of cattle, burnt leather, and powdered bone; burn
these substances, and place them for eight days in stale urine; then withdraw
them, and mix with borax, salammoniac, yellow sulphurised zinc (zinc
sulfurisé jaune), common salt, powdered glass, potass of iron (potasse de fer),
soot, beechwood ashes, saltpetre, "salicine," aloes, purified tartar, magnesia,
carbonate of ammonia, cali-ferrocyanide, egg shell, and dragons' blood. Boil
all these ingredients together for about half-an-hour; allow the mixture to
cool; then pulverize it.
To treat steel-Heat it to redness, and place the powder, prepared as
above, upon it. As soon as the powder is burnt, heat the steel to a brown
heat, and plunge it in water.

page_text: To weld two pieces of steel:-Arrange them together, and heat to a red
heat; place the powder on them, and as soon as it is burnt and has become
black heat the steel again up to a white heat, or until the powder throws off
white bubbles, then weld the two pieces by repeated blows.
To treat wrought or cast iron :-The iron is heated to cherry red, then
taken from the fire, and the powder is spread over it. The iron is then
replaced in the fire, care being taken that the fuel does not rub off the powder,
and is brought to about the same degree of heat as before. It is removed a
second time, and is powdered over again with the powder, then, after being
raised to an intense red heat, it is plunged in water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Bentley and David Bentley
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 16th August 1860.
We, JOSEPH BENTLEY, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Gun
Manufacturer, and DAVID BENTLEY, of Birmingham, in the County of War-
wick, Gun Manufacturer; do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows (that
is to say):
This Invention consists of a peculiar arrangement of parts for opening and
closing the breech or rear end of the barrel (or barrels when more than one is
used), and is applicable to rifled or sporting guns and fire-arms generally.
To apply this Invention to, say, a rifled musket, in a piece of metal at the
rear of the barrel, a vertical or transverse dovetailed or other suitably shaped
slot or mortice is formed, in which a sliding breech or closing curtain piece
works up and down (or transversely, as the case may be,) across the line of
the bore of the barrel, and which is actuated by a lever of the first order,
which has its axis a short distance in rear of the barrel, and the short end of
the lever works below a cradle piece on which the cartridge is laid to be
pushed forward into the barrel by the thumb, and plays through a slot or
mortice in the sliding breech piece. The longer end of the lever may be
provided with a thumb-piece for elevating that end and carrying down the
sliding breech-piece, so as to expose the rear end of the barrel for introducing

page_text: the charge thereinto; and when the breech is closed, the rear end of the lever
lays within a recess formed longitudinally along the top or side of the stock.
This Invention will be found peculiarly well adapted to sporting guns con-
structed to be used with the breech-loading shot cartridges, which contain the
detonating cap or a suitable cartridge fired by a cap exploded as usual.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Walter Cannon and
Robert Jackson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition on the 23rd August 1860.
We, WILLIAM WALTER CANNON, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster,
Cotton Spinner, and ROBERT JACKSON, of the same Place, Manager, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES,"
to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to a novel method of "breaking" or checking the
speed of the "backing off shaft" in "mules" for spinning.
The improvement consists in the novel application of fast and loose pulleys
to the "twist pulley shaft," which are driven from a main driving shaft over
head or elsewhere, and in an opposite direction to the twist pulley shaft.
When sufficient twist has been given to the yarn and the spindles commence
winding on, a tappet on the "knocking off shaft" strikes against the end of
the strap guide lever, and transfers the strap on to the fast pulley, and in
consequence of the strap running in a contrary direction to the "twist pulley,"
it acts as a gradual break to the speed of the "backing off shaft," and renders
it easier of regulation by the operative in attendance.