Improvements in Internal Combustion Engines.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Internal Combustion Engines.
We, WILLIAM HORNSBY, DAVID ROBERTS, and JOHN WILLIAM YOUNG, all of
Spittlegate Iron Works, Grantham, in the County of Lincoln, Engineers, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to internal combustion engines using either oil or gas
and comprises novel means for obtaining an impulse or explosion for every
revolution of the crank shaft dispensing with what are commonly known as the
exhaust and suction strokes in the Otto cycle.
According to our invention we provide for rapidly extracting the exhaust
products from the cylinder and replacing them with a charge of pure air, oil and
air or gas and air approximately at the moment that the crank has reached its
outward dead centre on the explosion stroke without employing the working
piston for the purpose.
In order to extract the exhaust products we employ an ordinary exhaust valve
actuated by the engine, the said valve opening at about the completion of the
working stroke and allowing the pressure in the cylinder to fall almost to that
of the atmosphere. The valve is then closed, and immediately afterwards the
piston uncovers certain ports in the forward end of the working cylinder, these
ports being in communication with any form of exhausting mechanism, such as
a vacuum pump, fan, blower, or ejector actuated by a jet of exhaust gases and
at the same time the air valve is opened so as to give a direct passage through
the cylinder to the exhauster. Owing to the action of the exhauster, a stream of
pure air, or oil and air, or gas and air, is drawn into the cylinder, displacing
the exhaust products, the said gas or oil being mixed with the air in any of the
usual ways. When the evacuation is complete, the advance of the piston on the
succeeding or compression stroke closes the ports, and so cuts off communication
with the exhausting mechanism. In some cases, in addition to this valve action
of the motor piston in opening and closing ports in the cylinder, we provide an
independent valve for the more accurate timing of the evacuation.
101
0 T
1000
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicants.
Improvements in Internal Combustion Engines.
We, WILLIAM HORNSBY, DAVID ROBERTS, and JOHN WILLIAM YOUNG, all of
Spittlegate Iron Works, Grantham, in the County of Lincoln, Engineers, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to
Price 8/1

page_text: be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the follow-
ing statement:-
Our invention relates to internal combustion engines using either oil or gas
and comprises novel means for obtaining an impulse or explosion for every
revolution of the crank shaft dispensing with what are commonly known as the
exhaust and suction strokes in the Otto cycle.
According to our invention we provide for rapidly extracting the exhaust
products from the cylinder and replacing, them with a charge of pure air, oil and
air or gas and air approximately at the moment that the crank has reached its
outward dead centre on the explosion stroke and without employing the working
piston for the purpose, by the use of a partial vacuum as hereinafter described.
To enable our invention to be fully understood we will describe the same as
applied to an oil engine of the kind wherein the vaporiser is connected with the
working cylinder by a contracted neck; it is to be understood, however, that our
improvements are also applicable to oil engines having other forms of vaporiser
and also to gas engines...
In the accompanying drawing:
―:
Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section of a portion of an oil engine, of the
kind herein before referred to:
Figure 2 is a horizontal section of the same; and
Figure 3 is a transverse section on the line 3-3 Figure 2.
a is the working cylinder, b is the piston working therein and c is the vaporiser
connected with the said cylinder by a contracted neck d.
e is a box connected with the working cylinder and containing the air inlet
valve and the exhaust valve g, the said valves being operated from the shaft h
through the medium of cams and levers i, i.
・
j, are ports formed in the cylinder wall and in open communication with
the chamber k which chamber is itself in communication with suitable means
for producing suction or obtaining & partial vacuum such as a vacuum, pump, a
fan, a blower or an ejector actuated by a jet of exhaust gases; the position. of
the said ports j, j being such that they are only uncovered by the piston. just
before the completion of the outstroke.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows:-During the outstroke of the
piston under the force of an explosion and just before the completion of the
stroke the valve g is opened to allow the pressure in the cylinder to fall almost
to that of the atmosphere, the valve is then again closed and immediately after-
wards the piston 6 having reached the extremity of its outstroke. and the air
valve being then open the suction produced by the exhausting mechanism
causes a stream of pure air, or of oil vapour and air, or gas and air to,flow into
the cylinder and displace the gases of combustion remaining in the cylinder
when the exhaust valve was closed. On the return stroke of the piston the
ports, are closed by the latter and the valve f is closed so that the compression
of the gases takes place, which gases on the completion of the instroke are fired
and again cause the outstroke of the piston, when the operations hereinbefore
described are repeated. .
In some cases we arrange a valve in the chamber & for controlling the communi-
cation between the said chamber and the exhausting apparatus which valve is
mechanically operated by the engine so as to ensure the accurate timing of the
evacuation of the gases of combustion.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is: -
1. In an internal combustion engine the method of introducing the explosive
charge and ejecting the products of combustion of the previous charge by means
of a partial vacuum. substantially as described.

page_text: 2. An internal combustion engine provided with means for introducing the
explosive charges and expelling the products of combustion of the previous
charges, substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawing.
Dated the 17th day of October 1898.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicants.