IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER FITTINGS AND IN ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SUPPLY OF HOT WATER IN HAUGH
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Richard Hargreaves, of Haslingden, in the County
of Lancaster, Plumber, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER
FITTINGS AND IN ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SUPPLY OF HOT WATER IN
HAUGH"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Richard Hargreaves at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd November 1881.
JOHN RICHARD HARGREAVES, of Haslingden, in the County of Lancaster,
Plumber. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER FITTINGS FOR THE SUPPLY OF HOT
WATER IN HOUSES."
My Invention relates principally to the arrangements for the supply of hot
water in dwelling houses, and has for its object to simplify the apparatus and to
lessen the cost. In dwelling houses, as ordinarily fitted with hot water supply
apparatus, a boiler behind a fire is connected with a hot water cylinder or cistern
by means of circulating pipes. 1 dispense with the cylinder or cistern and with
the ordinary circulating pipes, and also with the cold water cistern generally
required for the supply of the boiler. I obtain hot water from the boiler by
displacement. Supposing, for example, a bath situated in a room higher than the
room in which the boiler is fixed is to be supplied with hot water, I provide the
Con-
boiler with an open pipe extending to a higher level than the said bath.
veniently situated with regard to the bath is a tap or valve which is connected
with the cold water service, and also with the boiler. When the said valve is.
opened cold water passes into the boiler and hot water passes out, and is conveyed
through a pipe to the bath. In a similar manner hot water may be conveyed to
any desired point in a building, and be used for any other purpose than the supply
of a bath. The forms of the taps or valves may be greatly varied. In one form I
combine together two cold water taps having one connection with the water
service pipe. One of the taps discharges into the pipe leading to the boiler, and
preferably to the bottom of the boiler, the other tap discharging into a bib, which
is also connected with the pipe which brings hot water from the boiler. In this
case I form the said bib and the bodies of the two taps in one casting, but I may
form the parts separately, or I may use ordinary taps or fittings. The hot water
connection with the bib may be a branch from the aforesaid open pipe, and if
considered to be advisable the said bib may be provided with a tap, or a two-way
tap may be used to open and close the bib and the cold-water supply passage to.
the boiler.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Richard Hargreaves in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
22nd May 1882.
JOHN RICHARD HARGREAVES, of Haslingden, in the County of Lancaster,
Plumber. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER FITTINGS AND IN ARRANGEMENTS FOR
THE SUPPLY OF HOT WATER IN HOUSES."
My Invention relates to the supply of hot water in dwelling houses, and has for
its objects to simplify the apparatus and to lessen the cost. In dwelling houses,
as ordinarily fitted with hot water supply apparatus, a boiler behind a fire is con-
nected with a hot water cylinder or cistern by means of circulating pipes. I
dispense with the cylinder or cistern and with the ordinary circulating pipes, and
also in most cases with the cold water cistern generally required for the supply of
the boiler. I obtain hot water from the boiler by displacement. Supposing, for
example, a bath situated in a room higher than the room in which the boiler is
fixed is to be supplied with hot water, I provide the boiler with an open pipe
extending to a higher level than the said bath. Conveniently situated with regard
to the bath is a tap or valve which is connected with the cold water service and
also with the boiler. When the said valve is opened cold water passes into the
boiler, and hot water passes out and is conveyed through a pipe to the bath. In
a similar manner hot water may be conveyed to any desired point in a building,
and be used for any other purposo than the supply of a bath. The forms of the
taps or valves may be greatly varied, but I will hereinafter describe a tap which I
consider to be suitable for the purpose.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood I have attached
hereunto a Sheet of Drawings to which I will refer in this place. Fig. 1 of the
said Drawings indicates the arrangements which I may adopt when supplying hot
water at two places on different levels in the same building. In the said Figure, a,
which is drawn in section, represents a bath; b represents an ordinary scullery
sink, and c a fire place which is provided with a suitable boiler or water heater d.
The pipe e represents the cold water supply pipe and is supposed to be connected
with the service main. The bath is supplied with cold water by means of an
ordinary tap or valve f, and a branch e supplies a tap over the sink with cold
water. A continuation e of the said branch is connected with a tap h, which I
have devised for the purposes of my Invention. Such a tap is represented drawn
to a larger scale in vertical section by Fig. 2, Fig. 3 being a plan with the cap
removed. In Fig. 2 it will be seen that the tap is formed with three branches i, k,
and . The branch is for the cold water supply to the tap, and in the example
would be coupled up with the pipe es which brings cold water from the main; the
branch i conveys cold water to the boiler and would be coupled with the pipe m,
which is connected with the lower part of the boiler, as seen in Fig. 1; the branch l
is for the supply of hot water to the tap and would be coupled with the pipe n,
which is connected with the upper part of the boiler. The branches are arranged
to suit the requirements of the varying dispositions of the pipes; the bath is provided
with a similar tap h¹, which is the tap selected for illustration in Fig. 2, the two
taps differing only in the directions in which the cold water service, branches k,
leave the bodies of the taps. The tap his supplied with cold water from the pipe e
by means of a branch e, and the branches innd of the tap are connected with the
pipes mand by means of the pipes m² and n¹. Each of the taps and h¹ is
provided with two valves o and p, seen in Fig. 2, the valve o closing the outlet passage
for hot water, and the valve p closing the outlet passage for the cold water service;
the two valves are simultaneously pressed downwards on to their seatings by

page_text: To
menus of a screw spindle r, which is provided at its lower end with a disc which
presses upon the spindles of the valves when the screw spindle is turned in the
ordinary way to close the valves. The action of the tap is as follows:-When the
spindle is turned to open the tap the cold water flows through the valve seating
into the passage i and passes into the boiler, thereby displacing hot water which
flows through the pipe n and the seating of the valve o, and is discharged
through the bib into the bath or other receptacle as the case may be.
prevent the cold water from the valve p from flowing towards the bib the said
valve is covered by means of a removable ring s, against which a wasber upon
the valve is pressed when the valve opens. In order to allow for the expansion
and contraction of the water in the boiler and in the pipes which are connected
therewith, a pipe which is open to the atmosphere at its upper end extends to a
higher level than the highest point at which hot water is supplied, that is to say,
in the example to a higher point than the tap h¹. In the example the pipe n¹ is
continued upwards, but if preferred a separate pipe may extend upwards from the
pipe n, or directly from the boiler, and in some cases may be situated within the
chimney or flue. I do not confine myself to the precise arrangement of the pipes
as represented in the Drawings, the said pipes having been partly arranged to suit
the convenience of illustration, and I do not confine myself to the particular form
of tap illustrated by Figs. 2 and 3, and may use separate taps in lieu of the two-or-
three-way tap, or may use any other suitable form of two-or-three-way tap, nor do
I confine myself to the precise application to the bath and sink, as hot water may
be supplied to one, two, or more places for any purpose as required. It will be
seen that the principal feature in my Invention is the supply of hot water by
displacement by passing cold water from the particular part of the building where
the hot water is required into the boiler, the cold water displacing hot water, which
is conveyed to the place whence the said cold water was supplied.
Having now fully set forth and indicated the nature of my said Invention and
means whereby the same may be carried into effect, I would have it to be understood
in conclusion that I claim,-
First. The arrangements for the supply of heated water at distances from the
water heaters, substantially as set forth and indicated hereinbefore and in and by
the accompanying. Drawings.
Secondly. The method of obtaining a service of heated water in any part of a
building by the employment of separate cold and hot water pipes extending from
the place where the said service is required to the hot water heater, and of
arrangements for sending cold water into the said heater to displace the heated
water, substantially as set forth and indicated.
And, Lastly. The employment for the purposes herein set forth of the double
tap constructed and used, substantially as set forth and indicated.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Richard Hargreaves, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
Signed, sealed, and delivered
in the presence of
JAMES MAXWELL,
The Hollies,
Bury.
JOHN RICHARD HARGREAVES. (L.S.)