IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WATERPROOF COATS AND OTHER WATERPROOF ARTICLES OF DRESS WORN EXTERNALLY
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Cooper, of Laurence Pountney Lane, in
the City of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF WATERPROOF COATS AND OTHER WATERPROOF ARTICLES OF
DRESS WORN EXTERNALLY."
Sealed the 9th October 1869, and dated the 15th April 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Cooper at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th April 1869.
I, EDWARD COOPER, of Laurence Pountney Lane, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WATERPROOF COATS AND OTHER WATERPROOF
ARTICLES OF DRESS WORN EXTERNALLY," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to ventilate coats and other articles
of dress made of waterproof material, which I propose to effect by
introducing air openings, passages, or channels in the material during
its manufacture. By preference I arrange and dispose such said passages
under the sleeves of the garment, if a coat at or near the "sye" thereof,

page_text: so that the coat thus made when in use and the wearer is walking,
riding, driving, or his body otherwise in exercise, the fact of moving his
arms shall have the effect of collapsing the aforesaid openings so as
to operate as bellows, or by uncovering the said openings to allow
atmospheric air to pass through and perspiration to pass out.
The following is an example of the manner in which waterproof coats
may be made according to this Invention, that is to say, suppose
the coat to be made of double texture, id est, two thicknesses of material,
'I insert or shape short flexible tubes or passages between them; the
openings or mouths of the said tubes or passages which come at the
inside of the coat are just below that part of the "sye" of the sleeves
thereaf that comes under the arms of the wearer, and the mouths of
the said tubes or passages situate at the outside of the coat are about
one inch more or less below the edge of the "sye," so that in a general
way they are concealed from view. I do not however limit myself to
any particular dimensions or precise part of a coat at which the aforesaid
air passages shall be placed or made so long as they operate in the
manner above stated, and this applies to other articles of dress worn
externally, such as riding and walking leggings, capes, and cloaks.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edward Cooper in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 15th October 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
COOPER, of Laurence Pountney Lane, in the City of London, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the
thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Edward Cooper, Her
special licence that I, the said Edward Cooper, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Edward Cooper, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the

page_text: term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WATERPROOF COATS AND OTHER WATERPROOF ARTICLES
OF DRESS WORN EXTERNALLY," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Edward Cooper, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Cooper, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say :-
The object of this Invention is to ventilate coats and other articles
of dress made of waterproof material, which I propose to effect by
introducing air openings, passages, or channels in the material during
its manufacture. By preference I arrange and dispose such said passages
under the sleeves of the garment, if a coat at or near the " sye
"thereof,
so that the coat thus made when in use and the wearer is walking,
riding, driving, or his body otherwise in exercise the fact of moving
his arms shall have the effect of collapsing the aforesaid openings so as
to operate as bellows, or by uncovering the said openings to allow
atmospheric air to pass through and perspiration to pass out.
The following is an example of the manner in which waterproof coats
may be made according to this Invention, that is to say:- Suppose the
coat to be made of double texture, id est, two thicknesses of material, I
insert or shape short flexible tubes or passages between them. The
openings or mouths of the said tubes or passages which come at the
inside of the coat are just below that part of the "sye" of the sleeves
thereof that comes under the arms of the wearer, and the mouths of
the said tubes or passages situate at the outside of the coat are about
one inch more or less below the edge of the " sye, so that in a general
way they are concealed from view. I do not however limit myself to
any particular dimensions or precise part of a coat at which the aforesaid
air passages shall be placed or made so long as they operate in the
"

page_text: manner above stated, and this applies to other articles of dress worn
externally, such as riding and walking leggings, capes, and cloaks.
And in order to explain my said Invention more completely I now
proceed to describe the best means I am acquainted with for carrying
the same into practical effect, reference being had to the illustrative
Sheet of Drawings accompanying these Presents, and to the numeral
figures and letters of reference marked thereon respectively as follows :—
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 represents an elevation of the outside of a waterproof coat
shewing my Invention applied thereto; Figure 2, the inside of the coat;
Figure 3 is a section through the line A, B, at Figures 1 and 2, drawn
full size. At each of the foregoing Figures I employ similar letters of
reference to denote corresponding parts in so far as such parts appear
or can be seen at each of such said Figures respectively.
A marks one of the sleeves of a waterproof coat; B, one of the
"fore parts; " C, the "sye" or that part at which the sleeve is united to
the "fore part; " D, D, mark flexible tubes or passages either inserted
and fixed between two thicknesses of the material of which the coat is to,
be made, or the said passages may be shaped out of the material during
the manufacture of the coat. The open ends of the tubes. D. being
arranged, as shewn, so that when the said tubes are compressed in the
act of moving the arms in walking or otherwise, or the outer ends of
the tubes or passages are uncovered, fresh air shall enter and pass up
the said tubes in the direction denoted by the arrow's flight at Figure 3,
thereby ventilating the coat.
In applying this Invention to articles of dress other than coats, such
as riding and walking leggings, capes, and cloaks, the principal thing
to be attended to is to arrange and dispose the aforesaid air tubes at
those parts where the exercise of the body would assist their action
so as to induce a current of air to pass through them.
Having now fully described and set forth the nature and object of my
said Invention for "Improvements in the Manufacture of Waterproof
Coats and other Waterproof Articles of Dress Worn Externally,"
together with the best means I am acquainted with for carrying the
same into practical effect, I would remark in conclusion that I hereby
declare my Invention to consist in and I claim, manufacturing water-

page_text: proof coats and other waterproof outside garments with tubes or passages
in the manner above described with reference to the accompanying
Drawing for the purposes of ventilation, as above stated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Cooper, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
EDWARD COOPER. (L.S.)