IMPROVEMENTS IN HOES AND CULTIVATORS
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Phillips Nunn and Edmund Brook Nunn, of
Royston, in the County of Cambridge, Farmors, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HOES AND CULTIVATORS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Phillips Nunn and
Edmund Brook Nunn at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 25th April 1868.
We, JOHN PHILLIPS NUNN and EDMUND BROOK NUNN, of Royston, in the
5 County of Cambridge, Farmers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HOES AND CULTIVATORS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in the employment of a circular disc or polygon with
the cutting edge or edges placed horizontally, or at a slight angle to the
borizon, and fitted on the lower end of an upright shaft free to revolve and
> also to rise and fall within certain limits in a tube or tubular bearing fixed in
or connected to a beam. Upon the implement being drawn or propelled
through the soil the cutting disc will be caused to revolve when the pressure
on one side is greater than that on the opposite side, thus preventing any
accumulation on the cutting edge or edges.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Phillips Nunn and Edmund Brook Nunn in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 24th October 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
PHILLIPS NUNN and EDMUND BROOK NUNN, of Royston, in the County of
Cambridge, Farmers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing late the Twenty-fifth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of
1er reign, did, for Herself, IIer heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said John Phillips Nunn and Edmund Brook Nunn, Her special
licence that we, the said John Phillips Nunn and Edmund Brook Nunn, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said John
Phillips Nunn and Edmund Brook Nunn, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should_and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HOES AND CULTIVATORS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said John Phillips Nunn and Edmund Brook
Nunn, or one of us, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our, or one of our, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Phillips Nunn and Edmund
Brook Nunn, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had
to the Drawings hereunto annexed, that is to say :-
Our Invention consists in the employment of a circular disc or polygon with
the cutting edge or edges placed horizontally, or at a slight angle to the
horizon, and fitted on the lower end of an upright shaft freo to revolve and
also to rise and fall within certain limits in a tube or tubular bearing fixed in
or connected to a beam. Upon the implement being drawn or propelled
through the soil the cutting disc will be caused to revolve when the pressure

page_text: on one side is greater than that on the opposite side, thus preventing any
accumulation on the cutting edge or edges.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is an elevation, Figure 2 a longi-
tudinal section, and Figure 3 a plan of a hoe or cultivator constructed
according to our Invention.
F is a cutting disc fitted on the lower end of an upright shaft A, free to
revolve, and also to rise and fall to an extent regulated by a set collar C in a
tube or tubular bearing E fixed in a beam T. The cutting disc may be
circular, as shewn at Figure 4; when it is more than three inches in diameter
I prefer to perforate it as in Figure 5; or the disc may be polygonal, as in
Figure 6. N, N, are clips for holding the bearing E, and D is a nut for
cramping them to the beams. For certain conditions of the soil we apply a
weight B to the hoe. The hoes are attached to a beam at intervals cor-
responding to the rows of the crop to be hoed; the beam is supported on
wheels, and drawn and guided in the usual manner.
And having now described the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, we declare that we claim the construc-
tion of hoes and cultivators substantially as herein-before described, and
illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Phillips Nunn and Edmund
Brook Nunn, have bercunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-
second day of October, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
JOHN P. NUNN.
(L.S.)