A New Metallurgical Dry Process.
Year: 1889

page_text: This Specification was, upon the 18th day of March 1891, Amended under
Sections 18 to 21 of the Patents, Designs, and Trade Marks Act, 1883.
[The Amendments are shown in erased and italic type.]
Date of Application, 24th Oct., 1889
Complete Specification Left. 4th June, 1890-Accepted, 20th Sept., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A New Metallurgical Dry Process.
I, JOSÉ BANERES ALZUGARAY, of Rua de Don Pedro, 123, Porto, Portugal.
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This process is based on the property possessed by alkalis, and the salts of alkalis
and earthly alkaline metals, with or without the addition of carbon, of combining with
the volatile elments and metalloids naturally combined in minerals, or with the metals
forming definite salts, such as sulphur, and others, at the same time leaving the metal
in a free state and therefore extracting it by fusion, reduced and refined in one single
operation.
For that purpose I melt the ores, more or less crushed or pulverized and mixed in
suitable proportions with the oxides of sodium, potassium, calcium, aluminium,
magnesium, barium, etc., their chlorides, nitrates, sulphates, sulphurs, carbonates.
fluors, borates, etc. with any of such substances singly or in combination, with the
addition of a mineral or vegetable carbon, carburets, or hydrocarburets if required
for the object to be attained, and I use all or any of the above as fluxes, or agents for
the reduction and refining of the metal or metals to be extracted. For the fusion.
reduction and refining of the above mixtures I use any suitable furnace, but preferably
Baxeres Universal Furnace, also of my invention.
Doted this 94th day of October 1880
C. URQUHART FISHER,
Applicant's Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (AMENDED).
A New Metallurgical Dry Process.
1. JOSE BAXERES-ALZUGARAY, of 123 Rua Dom Pedro, Porto, Portugal, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
The new system of general metallurgy by dry process for the purpose of
demineralising obtaining the metals contained in the ore by means of alkaline salts
has been specially adopted and invented in connection with its working by and
through the medium of the "Baxeres l'niversal Furnace (Patent No. 16776
of 1889).
"
This process is essentially a reducing process and totally different from all the
metallurgical systems hitherto employed which are all based upon the principle of
the formation of trisilicates in order to obtain at the highest degree of heat, the
melting of all the metals contained in the ores. These latter systems require of
course the subsequent separation-by more or less efficient and costly re-smelting and
refining processes-of the combined metals extracted simultaneously from complex
ores, whereas by our my new general metallurgical process, and-through conducted by
means of the Baxeres Universal Furnace, the degree of heat actually employed in the
furnace is strictly regulated by the melting point of the one metal intended to be

page_text: extracted from the ore under treatment, so that only the reduction of this principal
metal is obtained, leaving all other metals which may be contained in the same ore, in
the state of oxides, until the melting and simultaneous refining of the former metal to
be extracted is completed by the one operation, thus-permitting it is thus rendered
possible to extract by successive operations separately and in a perfectly pure condition
all the different metals contained in the same ore, by simply raising, in the subsequent
operations, the degree of heat to the higher melting point of such metal or metals
which may have been left in the ore.
This new metallurgical process of reduction, through its cheapness of installation
and the great economy of fuel and working expenses realised by it permits the
beneficial working of-all-mineralised-metals obtaining of metals from ores even of from
the poorest and most complex ores, obtaining effecting their sinelting without any
previous expensive process of concentration or calcination.
The ore, as obtained from the mine is simply triturated and mixed with the salts
and alkalis absorbing the volatile and mineralising elements of the metals in the
proportions hereafter indicated and subsequently these mixtures of ore and reducing
agents are poured into the crucible of the aforesaid furnace, subjected to the required
degree of heat corresponding to the melting point of the ineta! intended to be
obtained, being-thus which is thereby in one single operation reduced. melted and
refined.
Theoretically I give the following theoretical formulae of demineralising the fluxes
or reducing agents to be added to each of the following most known ores the parts
1. IRON ORE :
For each 100 parts of iron ore, add :
Oxyd Oxide of lime (quicklime)
Miueral or vegetable carbon
Silicious slag (trysilicate)
Fluor spar
-
20 parts.
-
-
10
24
63
20
Temperature of-heat
in the
furnace 2150° Centigr.

page_text: VII. (OLD OR SILVER ORE:
20 parts
For each 100 parts of gold or silver ores (all sorts of gangs):
Sulph. Sulphide of lead (lead ore) -
Od Oxide of soda (caustic soda) -
Carbonate of soda
Fluor spar
-
-
7
"
3
20
"
Temperature of
in the
:: furnace 700° Centigr.
Some of the above mentioned ingredients or reductive agents, and more especially
the more expensive amongst them, inay be regenerated and thus employed for any
length of time in successive operations.
The above mentioned proportions of reducing agents (fluxes) may be modified or
altered according to special requirements and to the metallic standard of the ore to be
treated.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to he performed, I declare that what
I claim is
The right-of-employing besides-and-independently-of-the-above-indiented-fluxes,
any-sneh-other-alkalies:-alkaline-agents-fe, which-may-be-required-for-the-purpose
of this invention-of-a process or "New General Metallurgy" by dry process, based upon
the peculiar properties of the alkalis and salts of alkaline and alkaline earthy metals,
of combining with the volatile elements and with the metalloids matters or elements
which have mineralized the metals, forming definite salts, leaving the metal in a free
state, demineralized and consequently capable of being totally obtained completely
extracted by fusion, they being reduced and refined in a single operation as hereinbefore
described.