A NEW OR IMPROVED COPYING PENCIL
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Jensen, of 89, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED
COPYING PENCIL."-A communication from abroad by Emil Jacobsen
and Richard Jacobsen, both of Berlin, Prussia.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Jensen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th December 1874.
I, PETER JENSEN, of 89, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
5 do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " A NEW OR
IMPROVED COPYING PENCIL," (a communication to me from abroad by Emil
Jacobsen and Richard Jacobsen, both of Berlin, Prussia,) to be as
follows:-
Copying pencils made according to this Invention consist of two
) different dry coloring substances, which I will call A and B. A is a
substance insoluble in-water, and may be blacklead (graphite), sulphuret

page_text: of antimony, lampblack, or similar substance.
B is a substance soluble
in water, and may be composed of two dry substances, which, though
indifferent or neutral mutually when dry, form a color or coloring matter
by the addition of water, as for instance, a mixture of tannic acid and
protoxide of iron, or a mixture of protocyanide of iron with cyanide of 5
iron. Thoso substances A and B are for the purpose of this Invention
well pulverized and intimately blended or mixed. They are then
combined by heat or pressure or both, or if required a fusible inspiration
may be added first, such as dextrine, sugar, or soap.
The following two combinations have been found to answer well :— 1
No. 1 consists of 5 parts graphite, 4 parts of violet of aniline, and 1 part
of dextrine; No. 2 consists of 10 parts of sulphuret of antimony, 7 parts
of tannic acid, 2 parts of peroxido of iron, and 1 part of dextrinc.
The copying pencil made as aforesaid is used in the following
manner: The writing, drawing, or design is first made on the paper or 1
other substance as with an ordinary pencil. In order to obtain one or
more copies the same manipulation is employed as for writings with
ordinary copying ink. The Invention then essentially consists in tho
fusible combination of two coloring substances, one of them soluble in
water, the other insoluble in water. Each of the said coloring sub- 2
stances may consist of one or more different substances fusible by them-
selves, or made fusible by the addition of another substance.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Peter Jensen in the-Great Scal Patent Office on the
30th June 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PETER
JENSEN, of 89, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, send
greeting.
2
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of Dec., in the year 3
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Hor heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, tho said Peter Jensen, Her special licence, that I,
the said Peter Jensen, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or

page_text: such others as I, the said Peter Jensen, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED COPYING PENCIL," a
communication to me from abroad by Doctor Emil Jacobsen and Richard
Jacobsen, both of Berlin, Prussia, upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Peter Jensen, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my,. or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Peter Jensen, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
The main component parts of copying pencils made according to this
Invention arc of two different classes of coloring substances, which I
will call A and B. Class A comprises substances insoluble in water.
The following substances range under this head, videlicet:-Blacklead
(graphite), sulphuret of antimony, lampblack, bronze or other metallic
3 powder, metallic alloys, powdered, and other similar substances suited
for giving a metallic or lead pencil like color or lustre. Class B
comprises coloring substances soluble in water. When the manufacture
is to be carried on according to one mode, which I call the dry process,
instead of a substance of the B class, a combination may be employed
> consisting of two dry substances, which though indifferent or neutral
mutually, when dry form a coloring matter by the addition of water, as
for instance, a mixture of tannic acide and protoxide of iron, or a mixture
of protocyanide of iron with cyanide of iron.
According to another mode of manufacture, which I call the wet
process, substances of the A class are blended with substances of the B
class, and with a suitable binding substance and solvent (water alcohol);
the mixture is then steamed off to a consistency of extract, then pressed
into pencil form, and dried.

page_text: According to the first named and better mode, which I call the dry
process, the substances of the classes A and B are well blended or mixed,
and then combined and solidified by heat or pressure or both, or if
required a fusible binding substance, such as sugar or dextrino, may be
added first. A suitablo way of carrying out this process is as follows :—
The substances of the classes A and B, with or without dextrine, and in
duo proportions according to their qualities, are intimately blended and
wetted with so much accidulated alcohol as completely to solve the soluble
part of the mixture. The whole is then steamed off till dry, pulverized,
and pressed in hot moulds.
The proportions in which the different substances are to be combined
quite depend upon their properties. As examples, I here mention two,
videlicet, 1°, 10 parts of sulphuret of antimony, graphite, metal powder, or
other suitable base, 7 parts of tannic acid, 2 parts of peroxide of iron,
and 1 part of doxtrine; 2°, 5 parts of graphite, 4 parts of violet of aniline,
and 1 part of dextrine.
The mode of applying the copying pencil is as follows :—The writing,
drawing, or design is first made on the paper or other substance as with
an ordinary pencil. In order to obtain one or more copies the same
manipulation is employed as for writing with ordinary copying ink.
This copying pencil gives on dry paper a mark similar to a lead pencil,
but the mark is what may be called indelible, that is, not easily or
without abrasion of the paper rubbed out with india-rubber. The
copying paper must be well damped, and a moderate pressure is applied
either in the press or by means of a paper knife. One or more clean
copics may thus be obtained in succession. The ink does not run when
the paper is properly damped. The original appears as ink; this may
also be accomplished by slightly damping the paper before writing on it.
If the paper with the pencil writing on is left for several days the
moisture of the air changes it into ink, and it does not copy so well, but
if in that caso strong vinegar is used instead of water for damping several
good copies may be obtained. Copying paper, tissue paper, or any other
thin paper may be used for the copies.
The pencil may bo put into wood like ordinary lead pencils, or it may
be put in any suitable propelling or other poncil holder.

page_text: Firstly. The combination of two substances, of which the one is
insoluble, and by the application leaves a pencil mark, and the other is
soluble and leaves an ink color when damped, substantially as and for
the purpose set forth.
Secondly. The fusible combination of two coloring bodies, one of
which is soluble, and the other insoluble, as set forth, each consisting of
one or more different substances which are fusible in themselves, or are
rendered so by the addition of a fusible substance, substantially as and
for the purpose set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Jensen, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.