Improvements in Biscuit Making Machinery.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Apr., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 1st Jan., 1894-Accepted, 3rd Feb, 1894
.PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. .
Improvements in Biscuit Making Machinery.
We JOHN VICARS, THOMAS VICARS, and JOHN VICARS the Younger, all of
56 Seel Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The objects are to provide a continuous feed machine for the manufacture of
biscuits or cakes where the materials are exuded through dies or apertures.
The invention consists
First. In constructing such machines with a hopper and discharge way through
which the materials are forced by the action of a worm or screw. The parts are
so proportioned that when the material is exuded through a slot the supply is
delivered at equal speed throughout the whole length of the slot. Two or more
hoppers screws and delivery ways are provided when two or more materials are
to be combined in layers in one biscuit or cake. Separating and take off apparatus
are also employed.
Second. In combining with screw feed apparatus under the first part gear for
giving intermittent motion to the feed screw or screws a reciprocating plunger for
rapidly exuding and separating a determined portion of the material, and a
reciprocating delivery slide for depositing the exuded material as required.
Dated this 30th day of March 1893.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Biscuit Making Machinery.
We JOHN VICARS, THOMAS VICARS and JOHN VICARS the Younger, all of
56 Seel Street Liverpool in-the-Gounty-of-Lancaster Engineers do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The objects are to provide a continuous feed machine for the manufacture of
biscuits or cakes where the materials are exuded through dies or apertures.
The invention consists
First. In constructing such machines with a hopper and discharge way through
which the materials are forced by the action of a worm or screw. The parts are
so proportioned that when the material is exuded through a slot, the supply is
delivered at equal speed throughout the whole length of the slot. Two or more
hoppers screws and delivery ways are provided, when two or more materials are to
be combined in layers in one biscuit or cake. Separating and take off apparatus
are also employed.
Second. In combining with screw feed apparatus under the first part gear for
giving intermittent motion to the feed screw or screws, a reciprocating plunger
for rapidly exuding and separating a determined portion of the material, and a
reciprocating delivery slide or die carrier for depositing the exuded material as
required.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal vertical section of machinery under our invention.
Fig. 2 is a transverse elevation of the hopper and screw feed, and
Fig. 3 a section of a simple die or orifice for obtaining lengths of material.
a represents the framework of the machine. b, b' are hoppers each opening into
a tubular case e, c¹. Each casing is made with a longitudinal discharge opening d, d'.
e, e' are screws or worms within the casings c, c' for forcing the materials from the
hoppers through the said discharge openings. The screws or worms e, e' are made
with threads of increasing diameter towards the hoppers as shown, or with threads
of increasing pitch for the purpose of causing the material to move more at a reducing
speed from the hopper towards the extreme end so as to get an equal speed of
discharge throughout the whole length of each discharge opening. The simplest
form of discharge orifices are shown in Fig. 3 where dough or like material flows
from the hopper b and discharge opening a through a die g or dies f, whilst jam or
similar substance also flows from the hopper 6' and opening d' through the die or
dies f. In this way a sheet or other length of dough containing jam or similar
substance is obtained. It will be obvious that when only one material or substance
is used, only one hopper will be required, and that when more than two materials or
substances are used a greater number of hoppers must be employed. The sheets
or lengths of biscuit or cake are cut or disposed of in any usual manner. Suitable
means for such purpose being shown by the endless travelling web g shown in dotted
lines, and rotating divider h and roller i.
When it is desired to exude the materials so as to form separate biscuits
or cakes instead of lengths to be afterwards divided, we combine with the
screw feed apparatus the plunger devices shown in Fig. 1. In this case only one
hopper is usually used. is a block fitting beneath the foundation plate & instead
of the die case and die or dies f Fig. 3. The foundation plate is fitted with slides l, l
attached by central pivots m m² to screw blocks n, n' so that the said slides may be
moved to and fro and also angularly for the purpose of regulating the flow of the
materials through the discharge openings. o is a plunger which moves to and fro
by means of a cam and connecting rod p in any usual way. This plunger is thrown
out of gear when the lengths of biscuit material are being produced as bereinbefore
set forth. Beneath the said plunger is a slide or die holder q having an aperture
therethrough the length of the discharge opening and free to be moved up and
down in the block j by means of a cam and connections r. sdie, a number of which
are secured along the bottom of the slide or die holder q. t represents the usual
intermittently moving pan-carrying-chains. The feed screws are by preference
moved intermittently by any usual gear u.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-
The slide or die holder q is drawn down by the cam r close to the pan on to
which the biscuits or cakes are to be deposited, dough or material flows into the
space between the discharge opening and the dies. The plunger o then descends
and forces the dough through the dies after which it immediately and quickly
ascends so as to form a partial vacuum and separate the dough exuded from the
dough behind the dies. Then the slide or holder 9 ascends so as to allow the pan
to move freely forward into position to receive another batch of biscuits or cakes
and the plunger o then completes its upward stroke and action recommences and is
repeated as described. Any suitable or usual driving gear is used to give motion
to the various parts.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:—-
First. The combination of a hopper case discharge opening, worm or screw,
and die or dies constructed and operating substantially as and for the purpose

page_text: Second. The combination of two or more hoppers with casings, discharge
openings, screws or worms, and a die or dies constructed and operating substantially
as and for the purpose set forth.
Third. The combination of apparatus under the first and second claims with
separating and take off mechanism substantially as described.
Fourth. The combination of apparatus under the first and second claims with a
reciprocating plunger and delivery slide or die holder constructed and operating as
and for the purpose set forth.
Fifth. Machinery or apparatus for forming biscuits or cakes substantially as set
forth.
Dated the 20th dow of Da1000