IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING MATERIALS FOR PREVENTING AND REMOVING INCRUSTATION IN STEAM BOILERS, FOR LUBRICATING MACHINERY, AND FOR SCOURING CLOTH AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Ward, of 2, Clouds Hill Villas, St.
George's, Bristol, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING
MATERIALS FOR PREVENTING AND REMOVING INCRUSTATION IN STEAM BOILERS,
FOR LUBRICATING MACHINERY, AND FOR SCOURING CLOTH AND OTHER
SUBSTANCES,"
Sealed the 7th August 1866, and dated the 15th February 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Ward at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
February 1866.
I, PETER WARD, of 2, Clouds Hill Villas, St. George's, Bristol, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PREPARING MATERIALS FOR PREVENTING AND REMOVING INCRUSTATION IN STEAM.
BOILERS, FOR LUBRICATING MACHINERY, AND FOR SCOURING CLOTH AND OTHER
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in preparing materials
for preventing and removing incrustation in steam boilers, for lubricating
machinery, and for scouring cloth and other substances. For these purposes
peat is dissolved in a solution of caustic soda or potash, and the compound:
or composition thus produced: is introduced into steam boilers. in. like:

page_text: manner to that in which other preparations are employed for like pur-
poses, by which any incrustation previously formed therein will be removed,
and the subsequent formation or incrustation will be prevented. This
compound is also capable of use for lubricating machinery when combined
with oil so as to form grease, and the compound is also applicable for
scouring in place of or together with other scouring agents. In preparing
these compounds I find that one hundredweight of alkali dissolved in
about twenty gallons of water will dissolve about one hundred and fifty
pounds of peat; the proportions, however, depend on the quality of the
peat and the strength of the alkali employed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Peter Ward in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 8th
August 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PETER
WARD, of No. 2, Clouds Hill Villas, St. George's, Bristol, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Peter Ward, Her special licence that I, the said
Peter Ward, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Peter Ward, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING MATERIALS FOR PREVENTING AND REMOVING
INCRUSTATION IN STEAM BOILERS, FOR LUBRICATING MACHINERY, AND FOR SCOURING
CLOTH AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Peter Ward, executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal, Patent Office within six calendar months next' and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Peter Ward, do hereby declare, the,
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-.
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in preparing materials,
for preventing and removing incrustation in steam boilers, for lubricating
machinery, and for scouring cloth and other substances. For these pur-
poses peat is dissolved in a solution of caustic soda or potash, and the
compound or composition thus produced is introduced into steam boilers
in like manner to that in which other preparations are employed for like
purposes, by which any incrustation previously formed therein will be
removed, and the subsequent formation or incrustation will be prevented.
This compound is also capable of use for lubricating machinery when
combined with oil, so as to form grease; and the compound is also appli-
cable for scouring in place of or together with other scouring agents. In
preparing the compound for the prevention and the removing of incrusta-
tions in steam boilers I use caustic soda or potash, dry peat, and water,
say 5 cwt. of commercial caustic soda (containing 64 per cent. of soda),
10 cwt. of dry peat in a pulverized state, and about 10 cwt. to 15 cwt. of
water. The whole is put into a cast-iron pan and boiled until all the peat
has become dissolved, and the evaporation may be continued until the
mass has become so far concentrated that when cold it will be about the
same consistency as soft soap. When caustic potash is used the proportions
should be regulated according to the strength or quality of the alkali
employed, 9 cwt. of commercial potash (containing 48 per cent of potash)
being about equivalent to the 5 cwt. of soda in the soda compound. In
preparing water for use in steam boilers I add from to 1½ lbs. of either
of the above compounds to each 100 gallons of water (an excess of com-
pound will do no harm), according as the water contains more or less
earthy matter in solution. In preparing lubricating grease from the above
compound I mix therewith enough of petroleum or other cheap oil or
fatty matter to give the compound a good lubricating quality. I find that
12 cwt. of the peat compound and 8 cwt. of petroleum oil makes a very
suitable grease for any ordinary purpose. These proportions may, however,
be varied. The oil or other fatty matter should be mixed with the peat
compound whilst hot, and agitated from time to time until cold, when it
will be ready for use for lubricating in lieu of oil or grease.
In preparing
the compound for scouring purposes I prefer using potash with peat and
water instead of soda, but soda may be used for that purpose, and either

page_text: soft or hard soap may be combined therewith whilst in the process of
preparing; 1cwts. of soap to 3 cwts. of peat compound I find a suitable
proportion, or the compound may be used without the addition of soap.
These compounds are used in scouring in a similar manner to that in
which soft soap is employed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Ward, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this First day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
PETER WARD. (L.s.)