CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CARDING COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Clark, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer and Patent Agent, for the Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CARDING COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES." A communication.
Sealed the 9th February 1858, and dated the 28th October 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th October 1857.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CARDING COTTON, WOOL,
AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the employment of a stripping cylinder arranged
in suitable bearings below the axis of the main cylinder of a carding engine,
for the purpose of stripping the teeth of the main cylinder as they pass from
the "doffer" towards the "licker-in" while the engine is in operation. This
stripping cylinder may be arranged at various distances from the licker-in and
doffer respectively, and may be employed in combination with another cylinder
which may be so arranged and operated relatively to it and the main cylinder
as to serve as a "worker," and take the fibres from the said stripping cylinder,
and return them to the main cylinder in a condition for removal by the doffer.

page_text: Or, the said stripping cylinder may be so arranged in relation to the main
cylinder and the licker-in, that it may perform a double duty of a carder and
stripper, and that the licker-in may perform the double duty of licker-in and
carder. The Invention is applicable as well to carding engines already in use,
as to those hereafter to be produced.
In the accompanying Drawing which forms part of this Specification, Fig. 1
is a side view, and Fig. 2 a vertical section or carding engine, illustrating one
method of applying my Invention; and Fig. 3 is a side view; and Fig. 4 a
vertical section of another carding engine, illustrating another mode of applying
the Invention. In all the Figs. the parts not necessary to illustrate the
Invention are omitted, as such parts may be the same as in carding engines
heretofore used.
In Figs. 1 and 2, A is the framing of the machine; B is the main cylinder;
C is the licker-in; and D is the doffer, all of which may be constructed in any
of the modes common to the corresponding parts of carding engines heretofore
used, and clothed with the ordinary card clothing, or provided with teeth in
any other known manner; E are the feed rollers arranged in the usual way;
the top cards are not represented; F is the stripping cylinder which constitutes
the principal feature of my Invention, covered with card clothing wound
spirally round it, or provided with teeth in any other known manner to suit
the teeth of the main cylinder, said stripping cylinder being of a diameter
about from three to six inches, and having its shaft f SO arranged in bearings
below the axis of and parallel with the main cylinder, and at such distance
from the axis of the main cylinder, that its teeth will rotate as close as possible
to those of the main cylinder without touching, and the teeth of said stripping
cylinder pointing in an opposite direction to those of the main cylinder. The
stripping cylinder F is made to rotate in an opposite direction to the main
cylinder, as indicated in Fig. 2 by the arrows on the respective cylinders, and
at a speed causing the surface of the teeth or periphery of the stripping
cylinder to outrun the surface or periphery of the main cylinder B. The
position of the stripping cylinder relative to the licker-in and doffer is not of
very great importance, but I have represented it very near the doffer.
a cylinder which I term the "receiver and forwarder" of about the same size
as the stripper F, and covered with card clothing, or otherwise furnished with
teeth in the same manner as the stripper, said cylinder G being arranged with
its journal in suitable bearings on the frame A, parallel with the main
cylinder, and in front of the stripper F, or rear to the licker-in C, and with its
teeth set in the same direction as the teeth of the stripper, and with its surface
or periphery as close as possible to the surface or periphery of the main
G is

page_text: cylinder and stripper as it can be without touching. This cylinder G may:
rotate in the same direction as the main cylinder B, as indicated by the arrow-
on it in Fig. 2, but in either case the speed of its surface. should. be greatly.
below that of the main cylinder.
By the above mode of arranging and giving motion to the cylinders F and
G, it is obvious that the cylinder F will strip the main cylinder, and that G.
and F will act together as "workers," G receiving the fibres from F, and
delivering the fibres back to the main cylinder in a condition to be removed
by the doffer. But in the construction of the stripping cylinder, a due regard:
must be had to the number and arrangement of its teeth, so as not to-strip-the.
main cylinder too much, and prevent its delivery of the carded material to the
doffer D in sufficient quantity or due regularity. In some cases the cylinder F.
may be provided with teeth forming radii or nearly so to the centre of the:
cylinder to act as a brush to clear the teeth of the main cylinder B with or
without the cylinder G.
The driving of the cylinders F, G, may be effected in various ways, but I
propose to effect it in the following manner :-On the shaft 6 of the main'
cylinder, and immediately behind the driving pulley H, is secured a pulley I,
driving a small pulley J, by a cross belt c. On the same axle on which the
small pulley J is mounted, a larger pulley K is also secured, which by an
open belt d drives the pulley L on the end of the shaft F of the stripper F.
On the opposite side of the carding engine a small pulley M is fitted on the
end of the shaft e, which carries the pinion for driving the doffer. This
pulley M drives by an open belt h the pulley P on the end of the shaft g of
the receiving and forwarding cylinder G. In Figs. 3 and 4, A is the framing
of the machine; B is the main cylinder; C is the licker-in; and D is the
doffer; E, E, are the feed rollers; F is the stripper, which is also a carder
arranged so as to be almost in contact with the licker-in and main cylinder ;
I is the belt for driving the main cylinder B; I is a belt running from a
pulley J on the main cylinder shaft to another pulley K on an independent
axle L; and M is a belt running from a pulley N, secured to the pulley K to.
another pulley P, on the shaft of the stripper and carder F, said belts I and
M, serving to drive the stripper and carder. The pulleys above-mentioned
are so proportioned as to make the surface or periphery of the stripper and
carder F outrun that of the main cylinder. The velocity of the surface of
the licker-in should be the same or nearly the same as that of the stripper and
carder. The direction of the revolution of the several cylinders is indicated
by arrows in Fig. 4. The operation of the machine with this arrangement of
the stripper is as follows:--When the fibrous material is first fed in by the

page_text: rollers E, E, it is caught by the licker-in and placed on to the main cylinder,
not, however, before it is carried between the stripper F and the licker-in, and
carded by the same. Having been carded it is carried round by the stripper
F to the main cylinder, taken off by the same and conveyed to the doffer,
where it is doffed in proper condition. Whatever fibre remains on the portion
of the cylinder which passes below the doffer is stripped therefrom by the
stripper F, and brought between the same and the licker-in, and thereby
recarded and carried round to a position where the main cylinder again takes
it from the stripper F, and conveys it to the doffer. Thus the operation is
carried on continuously, the stripper serving the double office of carder and
stripper, the licker-in serving the double office of licker-in and carder, and
the main cylinder stripping the stripper F alternately of the mixed and
recarded strippings.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Clark in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
24th April 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer and
Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said William Clark, Her special licence, that I, the
said William Clark, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said William Clark, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter. during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY. FOR CARDING COTTON, WOOL, AND
OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," a communication, upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said William Clark, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause,

page_text: the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Clark, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
This Invention relates to the employment of a stripping cylinder arranged
in suitable bearings below the axis of the main cylinder of a carding engine,
for the purpose of stripping the teeth of the main cylinder as they pass from
the "doffer" towards the "licker-in" while the engine is in operation. This
stripping cylinder may be arranged at various distances from the licker-in and
doffer respectively, and may be employed in combination with another cylinder
which may be so arranged and operated relatively to it and the main cylinder
as to serve as a "worker," and take the fibres from the said stripping cylinder.
and return them to the main cylinder in a condition for removal by the doffer,
or the said stripping cylinder may be so arranged in relation to the main
cylinder and the licker-in, that it may perform the double duty of a carder and
stripper, and that the licker-in may perform the double duty of licker-in and
carder. The Invention is applicable as well to carding engines already in
use as to those hereafter to be built..
In the accompanying Drawing, which forms part of this Specification,
Fig. 1 is a side view, and Fig. 2 a vertical section of a carding engine, illus-
trating one method of applying my Invention; and Fig 3 is a side view, and
Fig. 4 a vertical section of another carding engine, illustrating another mode
of applying the Invention. In all the Figures the parts not necessary to
illustrate the Invention are omitted, as such parts may be the same as in
carding engines heretofore used.
In Figs. 1 and 2, A is the framing of the machine; B is the main cylinder;
C is the licker-in, and D the doffer, all of which may be constructed in any of
the modes common to the corresponding parts of carding engines heretofore
used, and clothed with the ordinary card clothing, or provided with teeth in
any other known manner; E, E, are the feed rollers arranged in the usual way;
the top cards are not represented; F is the stripping cylinder, which con-
stitutes the principal feature of my Invention covered with card clothing
wound spirally round it, or provided with teeth in any other known manner to
suit the teeth of the main cylinder; said stripping cylinder being of a diameter
about from three to six inches, and having its shaft f so, arranged in bearings

page_text: below the axis of and parallel with the main cylinder, and at such distance
from the axis of the main cylinder that its teeth will rotate as close as possible
to those of the main cylinder without touching, and the teeth of said stripping
cylinder pointing in an opposite direction to those of the main cylinder. This
stripping cylinder F is made to rotate in an opposite direction to the main
cylinder, as indicated in Fig. 2 by the arrows on the respective cylinders, and
at a speed causing the surface of the teeth or periphery of the stripping cylinder
to outrun the surface or periphery of the main cylinder B. The position of
the stripping cylinder relatively to the licker-in and doffer is not of very great
importance, but I have represented it very near the doffer; G is a cylinder
which I term the "receiver" and "forwarder," of about the same size as the
stripper F, and covered with card clothing, or otherwise furnished with teeth
in the same manner as the stripper; said cylinder G being arranged with its
journal in suitable bearings on the frame A, parallel with the main cylinder
and in front of the stripper F or rear to the licker-in C, and with its teeth set
in the same direction as the teeth of the stripper, and with its surface or peri-
phery as close as possible to the surface or periphery of the main cylinder and
stripper as it can be without touching. This cylinder G may rotate in the
same direction as the main cylinder B, as indicated by the arrow on it in
Fig. 2, but in either case the speed of its surface should be greatly below that
of the main cylinder. By the above mode of arranging and giving motion to
the cylinders F and G, it is obvious that the cylinder F will strip the main
cylinder, and that G and F will act together as workers, G receiving the fibres
from F, and delivering the fibres back to the main cylinder in a condition to
be removed by the doffer. But in the construction of the stripping cylinder a
due regard must be had to the number and arrangement of its teeth, so as not
to strip the main cylinder too much, and prevent its delivery of the carded
material to the doffer D in sufficient quantity or due regularity. In some
cases the cylinder F may be provided with teeth forming radii, or nearly so to
the centre of the cylinder, to act as a brush to clear the teeth of the main
cylinder B, with or without the cylinder G.
I
The driving of the cylinders F, G, may be effected in various ways, but
propose to effect it in the following manner:-On the shaft of the
main cylinder, and immediately behind the driving pulley H, is secured
a pulley I driving a small pulley J by a cross belt c. On the same axle
on which the small pulley J is mounted, a larger pulley K is also secured,
which by an open belt d, drives the pulley L on the other end of shaft f of
the stripper F. On the opposite side of the carding engine a small pulley

page_text: M is fitted on the end of the shaft e, which carries the pinion for driving the
doffer. This pulley M drives by an open belt h the pulley P on the end of
the shaft g of the receiving and forwarding cylinder G.
In Figs. 3 and 4, A is the framing of the machine; B is the main cylinder;
C is the licker-in, and D is the doffer; E, E, are the feed rollers; F is
the stripper, which is also a carder arranged so as to be almost in contact
with the licker-in and main cylinder; H is the belt for driving the main
cylinder B; I is a belt running from a pulley J on the main cylinder shaft to
another pulley K on an independent axle L, and M is a belt running from a
pulley N, secured to the pulley K to another pulley P on the shaft of the
stripper and carder F; said belts I and M serving to drive the stripper and
carder. The pullies above mentioned are so proportioned as to make the sur-
face or periphery of the stripper and carder F outrun that of the main cylinder.
The velocity of the surface of the licker-in should be the same, or nearly the
same as that of the stripper and carder. The direction of the revolution of the
several cylinders is indicated by arrows in Fig. 4.
The operation of the machine with this arrangement of stripper is as
follows: When the fibrous material is first fed in by the rollers E, E, it is
caught by the licker-in and placed on to the main cylinder, not, however, before
it is carried between the stripper F and the licker-in, and carded by the same.
Having been carded, it is carried round by the stripper F to the main cylinder,
taken off by the same, and conveyed to the doffer where it is doffed in proper
condition. Whatever fibre remains on the portion of the cylinder which
passes below the doffer is stripped therefrom by the stripper F, and brought
between the same and the licker-in, and thereby recarded and carried round
to a position where the main cylinder again takes it from the stripper F, and
conveys it to the doffer. Thus, the operation is carried on continuously, the
stripper serving the double office of carder and stripper; the licker-in serving
the double office of licker-in and carder, and the main cylinder stripping the
stripper Falternately of the mixed and recarded strippings.
Having described the nature of this Invention, and the manner of perform-
ing the same, I declare that what I claim as the Invention to be secured
under the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,―
First, the employment of a stripper F, arranged as represented in Figs. 1
and 2, and fully described in combination with the main cylinder B, and with
the cylinder G, or with the main cylinder only to strip and clear the latter
while the carding engine is in operation.
Secondly, the employment of the cylinder G in combination with the
stripper F and main cylinder B, substantially as described and represented in

page_text: Figs. 1 and 2, to receive the strippings from the former and deliver them to
the latter.
Thirdly, the arrangement of the stripper F to work in combination with the
licker-in C, and with the main cylinder, substantially as represented in Figs. 3
and 4, and as herein fully described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Clark, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
Witness,.
W. G. E. SWINNOCK.
W. CLARK. (L.S.)