IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CON- TROLLING THE HADE, INCLINATION OR DIP OF HOLES OR BORINGS IN TUNNELLING, MINING, AND SIMILAR OPERATIONS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frank Wirth, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent
Agency, of Frankfort-on-the-Maine, in the Empire of Germany, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CON-
TROLLING THE HADE, INCLINATION OR DIP OF HOLES OR BORINGS IN TUNNELLING,
MINING, AND SIMILAR OPERATIONS." A communication from Gustav Nolten,
Counsellor of Justice, residing at Dortmund, in the Empire of Germany.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frank Wirth at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th November 1876.
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Agency, of Frankfort-
on-the-Maine, in the Empire of Germany. "TMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF
AND APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING THE HADE, INCLINATION OR DIP OF HOLES OR
BORINGS IN TUNNELLING, MINING, AND SIMILAR OPERATIONS." A communication.
• My Invention relates to apparatus by means of which the hade or dip and the
bearing of boring holes can be controlled.
The advantages of the said apparatus are as follows, namely, several trials with
this apparatus have shown that holes which are bored by a rotating tool form often
a curve, dipping sometimes even to 45°, so that the work cannot further be
continued with advantage, and holes bored by means of a rope show dips sometimes
even of 100. The employment of the said apparatus shows whether the boring
hole is sufficiently vertical, so that it can be continued with advantage, or if the
same should be left. The measuring with the said apparatus also shows at what
depth the coal or other mineral is situated below the surface, as the length of the
boring rod with regard to the dipping of the hole indicates exactly the effective'
depth at which the shaft to be sunk will reach the seam.
As by means of my apparatus the effective depth of the seam can be found, the
situation of the seam can also be found if there are three boring holes which are
not too far removed from each other and if they are situated in a triangle.
The said Invention comprises the following apparatus, namely:-

page_text: First. Apparatus for controlling the dip of the boring hole (glass partly filled
with diluted fluor acid.
Second. Apparatus for controlling the bearing of the boring hole or the direction
to which the hole is inclined. This apparatus includes a mariner's compass with a
freely balancing needle, which at a certain time is arrested whilst the apparatus is
suspended in the hole.
Third. The said Invention further comprises the combination of the above to
calculate the proportion of one to another.
Fourth. An apparatus comprising a hollow brass cylinder. This cylinder is rounded
at its upper and lower ends, and is screwed by means of a brass rod to the boring
rod. In this hollow cylinder the objects are placed, and the said cylinder is closed
so tightly that at a depth even to 600 metres water cannot enter into the same.
The outer form of the said apparatus is that of a cylinder, round at its upper
and lower ends. This cylinder has two rubber washers projecting from its outer
surface. These rubber washers serve to prevent shocks and friction.
All the metal parts of the apparatus are made of brass, and, as in the case of the
mariner's compass, no iron is allowed to be used.
The said apparatus consists of a hollow cylinder open at its upper end and closed
at its lower end. The said cylinder has at its lower end a round bolt, over which
is drawn a hemisphere that holds a rubber washer and is held on its place by a
nut. In this cylinder fits exactly a box which contains the inner arrangement.
The hollow cylinder has at its upper end three shoulders; each of these shoulders
forms a segment of the circumference of a circle.
Three metal discs are united by three metal bands or strips, the said bands or
strips being screwed on the discs. The projecting parts of the said discs are
arranged accurately vertical one to the others, and the discs themselves form right
angles with their connecting strips and with the inner walls of the said hollow
cylinder. In a round hole of the upper disc is screwed a round connecting rod,
which unites the apparatus to the boring rod. The box united in this manner
with the connecting rod, and containing its inner arrangement, is introduced into
the hollow cylinder by the upper open end of the latter. The box is rotated in the
hollow cylinder to the right hand until a pin fixed on one of the projecting parts
of the upper disc meets one of the shoulders of the upper part of the hollow
cylinder, when the projecting parts of the upper disc are placed below the shoulders
of the hollow cylinder and are supported or retained by these if the apparatus is
raised out of the hole.
In order that the hollow cylinder shall be closed and water-tight the upper edge
of the same is covered with a thin sheet of vulcanized india-rubber, and the cover
is pressed on. This cover presses simultaneously on a rubber ring fitting round the
connecting rod, which rubber ring also fits on a brass ring. The latter and the
cover have round grooves, so that the rubber ring is pressed tightly against the
connecting rod.
In order that the closing and packing may be made perfect the upper margin of
the hollow cylinder and the lower margin of the cover bear annular grooves. Above
the closing cover is screwed the nut, the upper half of which is hexagonal in order
that a screw wrench can be placed thereon. This wrench serves. not to compress
with force the packing; the same has for its purpose only to fix the compression
made by means of suitable implements. By employing the said implements the
box or cap is first slid over the connecting rod and placed with its lower grooved
edge on the closing cover, whilst the wrench is placed over the rod together with
the box so that it can act on a hexagonal nut whilst the box is placed on the
closing cover. Over the implement is screwed a nut. The said box has a hole
and the implements or plates also have holes, so that they can be placed over the
connecting rod of the apparatus. The said box has lateral openings which allow
the wrench to be actuated on the said hexagonal nut. One of the aforesaid plates
has at both sides two vertically projecting bolts, which fit in openings arranged
in another plate and serve as guides for the latter. The two compressing screws

page_text: are provided with moveable levers and pass through the said plate, so that if they
are screwed down they will press against the said plate which presses down the cap
or box and the closing cover. As the plate with the openings in it is held by the
screw it is kept from being raised by the action of its screws. If the closing cover
is sufficiently pressed down the aforesaid screw nut is screwed down by means of
the wrench until it is brought to the closing cover, when it holds the latter and
the packing rings in their compressed position if the compressing implements are
removed.
After the compressing implements have been withdrawn the apparatus is still
provided with the parts which serve only for rounding the upper part of the
cylinder and for guiding and protecting the same from shocks or friction during the
lowering of the apparatus into the hole. For this purpose the rubber washer
projecting over the outer surface of the cylinder, and having an opening in its
centre, is moved over the connecting rod and over the screw nut and placed in the
closing cover; over this washer is placed a cup which is held in its place and
pressed firmly against a washer by the said screw nut. In the same manner at the
lower end of the apparatus the rubber washer is slid over the bolt and placed
on the lower end of the cylinder, and held in its place by the hemisphere and
screw nut.
As for the inner arrangement, all parts of the same are placed concentrically in
the aforesaid box. On the lower plate is placed a brass box. In this box is placed
a glass. This glass is closed tightly by a cover which consists below of a rubber
washer and above of a brass plate. For closing firmly the said glass there is fixed
below the disc a regulating screw which presses against a cone that presses the
cover on the glass. The glass is placed in the said box and partly filled with fluor
acid, diluted in a proportion of 1 part acid and 3 parts water. The glass is then
closed in the above-described manner. If the glass filled with this diluted acid is
introduced into a hole and has hung quietly in the same during half an hour and is
then raised again out of the boring hole it is found that the inner wall of the glass
has, below the level of the acid, been etched away to 1 of its thickness, so that the
level of the acid is marked by a distinct annular edge around the inner wall of the
glass. This edge is not obliterated during the raising of the apparatus as during
the withdrawal of the apparatus out of the boring hole the acid is continually in
movement and attacks likewise the whole inner surface of the glass whilst the
glass remains wholly clear and transparent. If then the apparatus is opened, the
acid removed, and the glass cleaned, the etched edge or annular mark shows itself.
The glass is again partly filled with acid so that its level is below the lowest point
of the first annular mark or edge, then the glass is closed and placed again in the
apparatus, which, after it has been closed, is hung quietly out of the boring hole in
vertical position. After the apparatus has been opened again a second mark (which
is horizontal) is found to be etched in the inner wall of the glass.
By the latter horizontal annular mark and the first inclined mark the angle is
given in which the apparatus has hung in the boring hole. For measuring this
angle the distance is measured in the glass.
The second horizontal mark can also be etched in a more simple manner by
placing the glass, the base of which is at right angle to its wall, on a horizontal
plane after having again supplied the glass with fluor acid in the above-described
manner.
The glass is marked at its outer circumference with a vertical engraved line whilst
the aforesaid box in which the glass is put has at its upper edge a notch, and the
glass is placed in the box in such manner that the engraved line of the glass is
brought exactly above the notch of the said box. By this arrangement the glass
can always be brought in the same position in the said box, if the position or
direction of its inclined mark is to be compared with the arrested compass needle.
On the said disc is fixed the compass. The compass needle rests on a long vertical
needle in a conically grooved stone so that the said compass needle can freely
balance on its supporting point even if the whole apparatus is inclined at an angle

page_text: of 20°. At the middle of the glass cover closing the mariner's compass from above
is fixed a small bolt which has over the central point of the compass needle a round
head. Around the needle supporting the compass needle is arranged a small metal
cylinder. This cylinder rests on a lever which has at one end an oval slit whereby
it surrounds the vertical supporting needle of the compass. The other end of this
lever projects out of the compass. This lever is at the point where it extends
through the wall of the compass so bent that the same cannot be dislocated if the
apparatus is inclined in any direction. If the free or outer end of this lever is
pressed downward, the other end is raised and presses the said small cylinder below
the compass needle against the latter, which is then pressed against the head, and
is arrested in the direction in which the same has freely balanced over its support.
The needle is arrested by a watch arranged above the compass. This watch is fixed
on a thin sheet of gutta percha on the three vertical connecting bands by a metallic
frame. On the lower side of the watch is soldered a brass pin which is guided by a
brass star. The gutta percha sheet and the guiding star are designed to receive
without injury to the watch any shock or friction caused by the descent and raising
of the apparatus in the hole.
The winding-up pin of the watch is prolonged and projects from the outside of
the watch, and this projecting part bears a small brass sheet.
The manner in which this brass sheet or wing effects the arresting of the compass
needle is as follows:-On the disc is erected a square edged vertical support. The
upper end of this square support has a hole in which a pivot is screwed; around
this pivot a small lever turns. The pivot is supported by a second square bar or
lever. The said pivot slides in the slit of the small horizontal lever so that the
moveable vertical bar or lever participates in any movement of the horizontal lever.
The moveable vertical lever has near its lower end a recess, from which recess the
lever is somewhat bent. If the moveable vertical bar is moved by its lower end to
the right hand the pin of the upper end of the lever moves to the left hand and the
horizontal lever which is connected with. the vertical one is brought by the pin and
slit in such a position that its point is moved back to the right hand. This
horizontal lever bears on its left end a lead pencil.
The recess of the moveable vertical lever holds a bent spring which is fixed on
the base plate. Below this spring is placed the projecting end of the lever on
which the cylinder rests. The pencil point is dislocated by the plate on the winding-
up pivot of the watch, which plate by its movement round its axle presses against
the pencil pin and moves the same backwards. On the right side of the plate or
wing is glued a small sheet of white paper, so that the pencil will draw on the
paper a line if the same is pressed backwards by the said plate. This line will
afterwards prove that the arresting has been effected only by the movement of the
plate, as this line will not appear if the arresting spring has been disengaged by any
accident. The pencil point is held in its back position by an inclined plane on
which the disengaged spring moves down when the latter holds the lower end of
the vertical lever pressed towards the right hand.
The brass receptacle in which the glass is to be placed has its upper half reduced
to half its thickness, and on this reduced part I place a ring of the same thickness
as the said reduced part, but not so high as the said part. This ring can be moved
freely round its seat. The lower part of the said receptacle is divided into 100
degrees and the movable ring is divided into 360 degrees. The compass box is
also at its outer and inner surface divided into 100 degrees, and the o point of the
latter division is exactly above the o point of the other division, so that all
other corresponding parts of the receptacle and the compass box are exactly one
above the other as the box and the receptacle are placed concentrically.
In order that by a slight inclination of the hole the lowest point of the annular
mark can be easily found, an upper horizontal mark is engraved above the lower
horizontal mark. The small segment cut off by the upper horizontal mark is
divided in halves, and thus the lowest point of the inclined annular mark is found.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Frank Wirth in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 8th May 1877.
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Agency, of Frankfort-
on-the-Maine, in the Empire of Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF
AND APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING THE HADE, INCLINATION, OR DIP. OF HOLES OR
BORINGS IN TUNNELLING, MINING, AND SIMILAR OPERATIONS." A communication
from Gustav Nolten, Counsellor of Justice, residing at Dortmund, in the Empire
of Germany.
My Invention relates to apparatus by means of which the hade or dip and the
bearing of boring holes can be controlled.
The advantages of the said apparatus are as follows, namely: several trials with
this apparatus have shown that holes which are bored by a rotating tool form often
a curve dipping sometimes even to 45°, so that the work cannot further be continued
with advantage, and holes bored by means of a rope show dips sometimes even
of 10°. The employment of the said apparatus shows whether the boring hole is
sufficiently vertical, so that it can be continued with advantage or if the same should
be left. The measuring with the said apparatus also shows at what depth the coal
or other mineral is situated below the surface, as the length of the boring rod with
regard to the dipping of the hole indicates exactly the effective depth at which the
shaft to be sunk will reach the seam.
As by means of my apparatus the effective depth of the seam can be found, the
situation of the seam can also be found if there are three boring holes which are
not too far removed from each other and if they are situated in a triangle.
The said Invention comprises the following apparatus, namely,-
First. Apparatus for controlling the dip of the boring hole (glass filled to half
with diluted fluor acid).
Second. Apparatus for controlling the bearing of the boring hole or the direction
to which the hole is inclined. This apparatus includes a mariner's compass with a
freely balancing needle, which at a certain time is arrested whilst the apparatus is
suspended in the hole.
The said Invention further comprises,―.
Third. The combination of the above to calculate the proportion of one to
another.
Fourth. An apparatus of the form of a hollow brass cylinder. This cylinder is
round at its upper and lower ends, and is screwed by means of a brass rod to the
boring rod. In this hollow cylinder the objects are placed, and this cylinder is
closed so tightly that at a depth even to 600 metres water cannot enter into the
same. The said apparatus and its inner arrangement is represented in the accom-
panying Drawing, of which Figures 1-10, are shown half the natural size; and
Figures 11-17, the natural size. The lever arrangement for arresting the compass
needle is in Figure 13 shown double its natural size.
I.-Description of the Outer Apparatus.-Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the
closed apparatus ready for being lowered into the boring hole. The screw thread
on the upper end of the rod serves for fixing the apparatus to a boring rod, the
guide of which must have the same diameter as the apparatus.
The outer form of the apparatus (as shown in Figure 1) is that of a cylinder.
round at its upper and lower ends. This cylinder is provided at b and k with two
rubber washers projecting from its outer surface. These rubber washers serve to
prevent shocks and friction. The said apparatus can also be made of small diameter
for use in very small boring holes, so that Figures 1 and 2 show the natural size,
as the smallest watch orifices for arresting the compass needle and the dimension of
the watch determinates the limits to which the dimensions of the-apparatus can-be-
reduced.

page_text: All parts of the apparatus are made of brass, with regard to and as in the case of
the mariner's compass, no iron is allowed to be used.
'
The said apparatus consists of a hollow cylinder a, e, (Figure 1) which is open at
its upper end n and closed at its lower end p. The said cylinder has at its lower
end a round bolt b, c, over which is drawn a hemisphere which holds the rubber
washer at b, and is held in its place by a nut. In this cylinder fits exactly the box
shown in longitudinal section by Figure 2. This box contains the inner arrange-
ment. The same box is shown by perspective view in Figure 5, in which the inner
parts are removed. The hollow cylinder (Figure 1) has at its upper end three
shoulders a, d, which are shown in plan by Figure 3, and in perspective view by
Figure 4. Each of these shoulders forms a segment, each of 16 of the circumference
of a circle.
In Figure 5 the three metal discs a, b, e, f, and o, n, of Figure 2 are shown in
perspective; the same are united by three metal bands or strips, the said bands or
strips being screwed on the discs. The projecting parts of the said discs are (as
shown in Figure 5) arranged accurately vertical to each other, and the discs them-
selves form right angles with their connecting strips and with the inner walls of the
hollow cylinder, Figure 1. In the round hole of the upper disc a, b, Figure 2 is
screwed the round connecting rod which unites the apparatus to the boring rod.
The box, Figure 2, united in this manner with the connecting rod and containing
its inner arrangement is entered into the hollow cylinder by the upper open end of
the latter. If entered the box is rotated in the hollow cylinder to the right hand
until the pin z, Figure 5, fixed on one of the projecting parts of the upper disc a, b,
Figure 2, meets one of the shoulders of the upper part of the hollow cylinder,
Figures 1 and 4, when the projecting parts of the upper disc a, b, Figures 2 and 5,
are placed below the shoulders of the hollow cylinder, Figures 1 and 4, and are sup-
ported or retained by these if the apparatus is raised out of the boring hole.
In order that the hollow cylinder may be closed water-tight, the upper edge of
the same a, Figure 1, is covered with a thin sheet of vulcanized india-rubber, and
the cover is pressed on. This cover presses simultaneously on a rubber ring fitting
round the connecting rod, which rubber ring fits below on a brass ring a, d. The
latter and the cover o, u, have round grooves so that the rubber ring is pressed
tightly against the connecting rod.
In order that the closing and packing may be made perfect the upper margin of
the hollow cylinder and the lower margin of the cover bear annular grooves, as
shown partially by Figure 3. Above the closing cover is screwed the nut m, o, the
upper half of which is hexagonal, in order that the screw wrench, Figure 10, can be
placed thereon. This wrench serves not to compress with force the packing at a,
Figure 1, but has for its purpose only to fix the compression made by means of the
implements shown in Figures 9, 8, and 7. These three implements are shown in
perspective view, Figure 6, which latter shows the upper part of Figure 1, to which
are adapted the said three compressing implements. By employing the said imple-
ments the box or cap, Figure 9, is first moved over the connecting rod and placed
with its lower grooved edge on the closing cover, whilst the wrench, Figure 10, is
placed over the rod together with the box, Figure 9, so that it can act on the
hexagonal nut m, n, Figure 6, whilst the box is placed on the closing cover. Over
the implement, Figure 7, is screwed a nut h, Figure 6. The implements, Figures 7,
8, and 9, are made of iron. The said box, Figure 9, has in the midst of its head a
hole, and the implements or plates, Figures 7 and 8, have also holes in their midst
so that they can be placed over the connecting rod of the apparatus. The box,
Figure 9, has lateral openings which allow the wrench, Figure 10, to be actuated
on the hexagonal nut m, n, Figure 6. The plate, Figure 8, has at both sides two
vertically projecting bolts which fit in openings arranged in the plate, Figure 7, and
serve as guides for the latter. The two compressing screws of Figure 7 are provided
with moveable levers, and pass through the said plate, Figure 7, so that if they are
screwed down they will press against the plate, Figure 8, which latter presses down

page_text: the cap or box, Figure 9, and the closing cover o, a, Figure 1.
As the plate,
Figure 7, is above held by the screw h,. Figure 6, it is prevented from being
raised by the action of its screws. If the closing cover o, a, Figure 1, is sufficiently
pressed down the screw nut m, o, Figure 6, is screwed down by means of the
wrench, Figure 10, until it is brought to the closing cover, when it holds the latter
and the packing rings in their compressed position even if the compressing imple-
ments, Figures 7, 8, and 9, are removed.
After the compressing implements have been withdrawn the apparatus is still
provided with the parts which serve only for rounding the upper part of the
cylinder, and for guiding and preventing the same from shocks or friction during
the lowering of the apparatus into the boring hole. For this purpose the rubber
washer k, Figure 1, projecting over the outer suface of the cylinder, and having an
opening in its centre, is moved over the connecting rod and over the screw nut m, o,
and placed on the closing cover o, a; over this washer is placed the cup h, k, Figure 1,
which is held on its place and pressed firmly against the washer by the screw nut h.
In the same manner at the lower end of the apparatus the rubber washer is moved
over the bolt b, c, and placed on the lower end of the cylinder and held on its
place by the hemisphere and the screw nut c.
II. Description of the Inner Arrangement. With regard to the inner arrange-
ment it must be understood that all parts of the same are placed concentrically in
the box shown in Figure 2. On the lower plate o, n, is placed a brass box, o, k,
Figure 2, which is shown in perspective view in Figure 16, and in elevation in
Figure 17. In this box is placed a glass, 1, 1, Figure 2, shown in Figures 14 and 15.
This glass is closed tightly at h, Figure 2, by a cover which consists below of a
rubber washer, and above of a brass plate; for closing firmly the said glass there
is fixed below the disc e, f, a regulating screw g, f, which by its conical hole
at g presses against the cone g, h, that presses the cover on the glass. The glass
is placed in the box k, o, Figure 2, and filled to half its contents with fluor acid
diluted in a proportion of 1 part acid and 3 parts water; the glass is then closed
in the above-described manner. If the glass filled with this diluted acid is intro-
duced into a boring hole and has hung quietly in the same during half an hour,
and is then raised again out of the boring hole, it is found that the inner wall of
the glass has below the level of the acid been etched away to 1% of its thickness,
so that the level of the acid is marked by a distinct annular edge round the inner
wall of the glass; this edge is not obliterated during the raising of the apparatus,
as during the withdrawal of the apparatus out of the boring hole the acid is con-
tinually in novement, and attacks likewise the whole inner surface of the glass,
whilst the glass remains wholly clear and transparent. If then the apparatus is
opened, the acid removed, and the glass cleaned, the etched edge or annular mark.
shews itself as shown by Figure 14 in cross section, so that its lowest point is at a,
and its highest one is at b; acid is filled again in the glass in such quantity that its
level is 1/ below the lowest point of the first annular mark or edge; then the
glass is closed and replaced again in the apparatus which, after it has been closed, is
hung quietly out off the boring hole in vertical position during 1 hour. After the
apparatus has been opened again a second mark a, c, which however is wholly
horizontal, is etched in the inner wall of the glass.
By the latter horizontal annular mark and the first inclined mark the angle is
given in which the apparatus has hung in the boring hole; for measuring this angle
the distance is measured in the glass, Figure 14, from 6 to c=7"/m, therefrom is
subtracted the distance of both marks at a=1"/m, as the length of the inner
diameter of the glass is known=38 "/m, and the side b, c=6 / a right angled
triangle is given, the length of two sides of which is known, so that the angle b, a, c
can be found 9°, and under this angle the apparatus has hung in the boring hole.
The second horizontal mark can also be etched in a more simple manner by placing
the glass, the base of which is at right angles to its wall, on a wholly horizontal
plane after having again supplied the glass with fluor acid in the above described
manner.

page_text: >
The glass is marked at its outer circumference with a vertical engraved line,
whilst the box, Figure 16, in which the glass is put has at its upper edge a notch,
and the glass is placed in the box, Figure 14, in such manner that the ingraved line
of the glass is brought exactly above the notch of the said box, Figure 16. By this
arrangement the glass can always be brought in the same position in the said box if
the position or direction of its inclined mark is to be compared with the arrested
compass needle. On the disc e, f, of Figure 2 is fixed the compass, which is shown
with its inner arrangement in Figure 12. The compass needle rests on a long ver-
tical needle in a conically grooved stone so that the said compass needle can freely
balance on its supporting point even if the whole apparatus is inclined at an angle
of 20°. In the midst of the glass cover closing the mariner's compass from above
is fixed a small bolt which has over the central point of the compass needle a round
head v, Figure 12; around the needle supporting the compass needle is arranged a
small metal cylinder y, which is represented in Figure 12 in perspective view. This
moveable cylinder rests on the lever h, Figure 12, which has at its one end an oval
slit whereby it surrounds the vertical supporting needle of the compass; this lever
h projects with its other end out of the compass, as shown in Figure 12. A plan
view of this lever is shewn detached in the said Figure. This lever is at the point
where it goes through the wall of the compass bent in angles, so that the same
cannot be dislocated if the apparatus is inclined in any direction. If the free outer
end of this lever is pressed downward the other end is raised and presses the cylinder
y below the compass needle against the latter, which is then pressed against the
head v, Figure 12, and is arrested in the same direction in which the same has freely
balanced over its support. The needle is arrested by the watch arranged above the
compass, Figure 2; a small English watch is fixed at c, Figure 2, on a thin sheet of
gutta percha, which latter is fixed on the three vertical connecting bands by a
inetallic frame; on the lower side of the watch is soldered at d a brass pin which is
guided by the brass star d, represented in plan view below Figure 2. The gutta.
percha sheet at c, and the guiding star d, are designed to receive without injury to
the watch any shock or friction caused by the descent and raising of the apparatus
in the boring hole. The watch is represented in front view by Figure 2, whilst the
same is represented from the opposite side in Figures 11 and 13. English watches
are wound up in the left-hand direction, and during the work of the watch the pin
on which the watch is wound up returns in the opposite direction by rotating during
four hours once around its axle; other watches turn once during 6 hours, but these
do not affect us.
•
The winding up pin is prolonged and projects from the outside of the watch, and
this projecting part bears a small brass sheet m, which is represented by Figures 11
and 13 in plan, whilst the small Figure at the right hand of Figure 13 shows the
same in lateral view.
The manner in which this brass sheet or wing effects the arrest of the compass needle
is shown by Figure 13, which represents the compass and the watch in the position
in which they are placed one to another in Figure 2. The disc e, f, of Figure 2 is
shown in Figure 13 as base plate in natural size.
On this disc is erected a square
edged vertical support shown in the Figure at the right side of Figure 13 in twice
its natural size erected on a, b. The upper end of this square supporting bar has a
hole r, in which a pivot is screwed, round which pivot the small horizontal lever
d, r, f, represented above in detail, can turn. The small pivot f is supported by a
second square bar or lever, which is pivoted at g. The pivot f slides in the slit of
the small horizontal lever d, r, f, so that the moveable vertical bar or lever parti-
cipates in any movement of the horizontal lever d, r, f. The moveable vertical
lever has near its lower end a recess at p, from which recess the part p, q, of the
lever is somewhat bent or inclined, as shown in the Drawing. If the moveable
vertical bar pivoted at g is moved by its lower end to the right hand, as
shown in dotted lines in the Drawing, the pin f of the upper end of the lever moves
to the left hand, and the horizontal lever, which is connected with the vertical one
d, r, f, is brought by the pin and slit in the position represented by dotted lines, so

page_text: that its point is moved back to the right hand. This horizontal lever, represented
in plan above, Figure 13, bears on its left end a small lead pencil, the point of which
is shown at d.
In Figure 13 the recess p of the moveable vertical lever holds a bent spring
which is fixed at its left hand end on the base plate. Below this spring is placed
the projecting end of the lever h. If the pencil point d of the horizontal lever
d, r, f, is moved towards the right hand, the pin f of the vertical lever moves
towards the left hand, and the recess of the lower end of the lever is withdrawn
from the spring, so that this spring is disengaged and falls on the free end of the
lever h, which is pressed down whilst the inner end of the lever is raised and arrests
momentaneously the compass needle by pressing the same against the knob v,
Figure 12. The pencil point d is dislocated by the plate m on the winding up pivot.
of the watch, which plate by its movement round its axle in the direction of the
arrow, Figure 11, presses against the pencil pin, and moves the same backwards.
The pencil pin is brought in such position to the plate or wing m that whilst the
spring is hent it will touch the plate if this plate has arrived at the point 2,
Figure 11, so that the arresting is effected if the plate has arrived at the position
shown in the Drawing, Figure 11. On the right side of the plate or wing mis
glued a small sheet of white paper, so that the pencil pin will draw on the paper a
line if the same is pressed backwards by the plate m; this line will afterwards
prove that the arrest has been effected only by the movement of the plate m, as
this line will not appear if the arresting spring has been disengaged by any accident
or shock, because after the arrest the pencil point moves backwards so far that it
will come wholly out of contact with the turning plate m. The pencil point is held
in its back position by the inclined plane p, q, on which the disengaged spring
moves down, when the latter holds afterwards the lower end of the vertical lever
pressed towards the right hand, as shown by the dotted lines in Figure 13.
As after the arrest of the compass needle the pencil point is held in its backward
position the watch continues its movement without any trouble, so that a comparison
of the position of the hands of the arresting watch with that of the hands of another
watch will show if the watch has not been arrested during the presence of the
apparatus in the boring hole. The proper position of the plate m can be regulated
accurately in advance. If the plate m arrests the watch in the position shown in
Figure 11, and if this arresting should be effected after an hour, for instance, the
plate m must by winding up the watch be brought into the position shown by
dotted lines in Figure 11 in face of the number 4, so that it occupies a position at
a right angle to the position by which it arrests the watch, because the plate by
rotating in the direction of the arrow will turn exactly once during 4 hours. For
a more exact regulation of the time in which the arresting shall be effected a circle
is drawn round the winding up point, as shown by Figure 11, this circle being
divided in right angles, each of which is divided in four equal parts, and these parts
numbered.
.
If for instance half an hour elapses before the apparatus is brought down to a
certain depth where the measuring shall be effected, and the apparatus remains
suspended in the hole during another half hour, so that the inner walls of the glass
can be attacked by the acid, the compass needle has been wholly in rest if the
arresting is effected 3/4 hour after the descending of the apparatus, namely, in one-
half of the last-mentioned time of rest. In this case the plate m, Figure 11, must
not have the position at 4, shown by dotted lines, but must be placed at 3. Trials
have shown that the time of arresting can be accurately determined in advance, so
that the difference never exceeds two minutes. The combination in which the
result of the engraved mark is brought with the arrested compass needle allows the
direction in which the apparatus was inclined in the boring hole to be correctly
ascertained. As the receptacle in which the glass is put and the mariner's compass
are arranged concentrically in the-receptacle, Figure 2, suppose for instance that the-
arrested compass needle should be directed with its north point towards the right

page_text: side in the plan of the Drawing, and further suppose that the lowest point of the
engraved annular mark be directed exactly towards the opposite side, as shown by
Figure 14, then the inclination of the apparatus was also directed towards the latter
direction, namely, south; but if the annular mark was directed with its lowest
point towards the front side of the Drawing, as shown by the lower curve of the
glass, Figure 15, the direction of the inclination of the boring hole was cast, and so
on. It is however important to ascertain exactly the degree towards which the
inclination is directed, and this purpose is obtained by the following arrangement
:-
The brass receptacle in which the glass, Figures 14 and 15, is to be placed is
represented in perspective view by Figure 16, and in front view by Figure 17. As
shown by Figure 17 the upper half k, m, Figure 16, of the receptacle is reduced to
half its thickness, and on this reduced part I place a ring of the same thickness as
the said reduced part, but not so high as the said part; this ring can be moved
freely round its seat. The lower part, m, o, Figure 16, of the said receptacle is
divided into 1000, and the movable ring k, m, is divided into 360°.
The compass
box is also at its outer and inner surface divided into 100°, and the o point of the
latter division is exactly above the o point of the division at m, o, so that also all
other corresponding parts of the receptacle and the compass box are exactly one
above the other, as the box and the receptacle are placed concentrically.
The division into 100° has been arranged in order that the position of the arrested
compass needle can easily be transported to the lower receptacle. When the north
point of the compass needle is directed towards the right side of the Drawing the
number of degrees in the compass box is read, towards which the north point
compass needle is directed; this number, for instance, may be 50. Vertically below
is the number 50 of the part m, o, Figure 16. Now the movable ring k, m, is turned
so that its o point is placed directly above the number 50 of m, o, as can be seen by
reference to Figure 16. Now the glass is placed again in the receptacle, Figure 16,
in the same position as that in which it was during the presence of the apparatus
in the boring hole (so that, as above mentioned, the engraved vertical point of the
glass is placed exactly above the groove in the receptacle). The lowest point of the
horizontal annular mark is marked by a paper strap glued on the glass, and then
on the movable ring kc, m; the number is read which is next the upper edge of the
said paper strap, when the number is given of the degree towards which the boring
hole is directed, that is to say, if the glass, Figure 14, is placed in the receptacle,
Figure 16, in the position shown in the Drawing, the hole is directed towards the
degree 180, and if the glass, Figure 15, is placed in the receptacle, Figure 16, when
the annular mark is represented by the lower curve the hole was directed towards
the degree 90, but when it is represented by the upper curve towards the
degree 99.
In order that by a slight inclination of the hole the lowest point of the annular
mark can be easily found an upper horizontal mark is engraved above the lower
horizontal mark. This upper horizontal mark is shown by dotted lines in Figure 15,
whilst by the vertical dotted lines the small segment cut off by the upper horizontal
mark is divided in halves, and thus the lowest point of the inclined annular mark is
found.
Having thus fully described the said Invention, and the manner of performing
the same, I wish it understood that I claim,-
First. The glass vessel filled with fluoric acid in combination with a metal vessel,
in which the glass vessel is placed, and which to half its height is divided by a scale,
whilst a metal ring also provided with a scale can be moved round the other half
of the height of said metal vessel, as above set forth and for the purpose specified.
Second. The mariner's compass in combination with the above-described mechanism
for arresting the compass needle at a certain time, which can be ascertained in
advance, as above set forth, and for the purpose specified.
Third. The watch in combination with the winged plate, as above set forth and
for the purpose specified.

page_text: Fourth. The combination of the parts under the above 1st, 2nd, 3rd claims in a
metallic frame divided by diaphragms into three divisions, as above set forth and
for the purpose specified.
Fifth. The air and water-tight closed cylinder enclosing the said parts, as above
set forth and for the purpose specified.
Sixth. The above specified manner of controlling the bade or dip and the bearing
of boring holes by means of the apparatus herein described and represented in the
annexed Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frank Wirth, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Thirtieth day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-seven.
FRANK WIKTH. (L.S.)