IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF VARIOUS KINDS OF HOES, ADZES, AND AXES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John William Yates, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF VARIOUS KINDS OF HOES, ADZES, AND AXES."
Sealed the 26th March 1878, and dated the 5th October 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John William Yates at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th October 1877.
JOHN WILLIAM YATES, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VARIOUS KINDS OF HOES, ADZES, AND
AXES."
In the ordinary methods of manufacturing various kinds of hoes, adzes, and axes,
they are made mainly of wrought iron, a small portion of steel being welded to
the acting part of the implement, the eye or part in which the handle is fixed being
made by welding or stamping.
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in the manu-
facture of various kinds of hoes, adzes, and axes, by which improvements the eyes
and ribs of the said articles are made with a uniformity unattainable by the
ordinary methods of manufacture.
I will describe my Invention as applied to the manufacture of a hoe:-I make
by the casting process a "mould" or blank of cast steel. The eye and the rib of
the hoe are cast of the required form, and around that part of the blank in which
the rib is situated a sufficient mass of steel is cast to form by subsequent treatment
the blade or body of the hoe. By treating the said mass of steel around the rib
by the percussive process called plating, it is spread out and fashioned into a body
or blade of the required form. The metallic part of the hoe is thus wholly made of
cast steel, the eye and rib being made by the casting process, and the body or blade
by plating or spreading out a mass of steel cast near the rib for that purpose.
In making adzes and axes according to my Invention, I cast steel" moulds" or
blanks, in which the eye part and the rib are formed by the casting process, a
sufficient mass of steel being cast in one piece with the eye and rib to form the
remaining metallic portion of the implement by the plating process.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John William Yates in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 27th
March 1878.
JOHN WILLIAM YATES, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VARIOUS KINDS OF HOES, ADZES, AND
AXES."
In the ordinary methods of manufacturing various kinds of hoes, adzes, and axes,
they are made mainly of wrought iron, a small portion of steel being welded to the
acting part of the implement, the eye or part in which the handle is fixed being
made by welding or stamping.
My Invention consists of the improvements lierein-after described in the manu-
facture of various kinds of hoes, adzes, and axes, by which improvements the eyes
and ribs of the said articles are made with a uniformity unattainable by the
ordinary methods of manufacture.
I will describe my Invention as applied to the manufacture of a hoe :--I make
by the casting process a "mould or blank of cast steel. The eye and rib of the
hoe are cast of the required form, and around that part of the blank in which the
rib is situated, a sufficient mass of metal is cast to form by subsequent treatment
the blade or body of the hoe. By treating the said mass of steel around the rib by
the percussive process called plating, it is spread out and fashioned into a body or
blade of the required form. The metallic part of the hoe is thus wholly made of
cast steel, the eye and rib being made by the casting process and the body or
blade by plating or spreading out a mass of steel cast near the rib for that
purpose.
In making adzes and axes according to my Invention I cast steel "moulds" or
blanks, in which the eye part and the rib are formed by the casting process, &
sufficient mass of steel being cast in one piece with the eye and rib to form the
remaining metallic portion of the implement by the plating process.
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying Drawing the
manner in which my Invention is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in front elevation, and Figure 2 in side elevation, a "mould "
or blank of cast steel from which I make the metallic part of a hoe; Figure 3 is a
longitudinal section of the same taken on the line a, b, Figure 1; and Figure 4 is a
cross section of the same taken on the line c, d, Figure 1.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts..
The cast steel "mould” or blank represented is made by casting steel in a sand
mould or in a chill or metal mould: The said "mould" or blank consists of the
eye e and rib f of the hoe, the said parts e and f having the form required in the
finished hoe. Around the rib f and part of the eye e, the mass of steel marked g, g²,
and in one piece with the parts e, f, is cast, from which mass of steel the body or
blade of the hoe is to be formed.
t
The way in which the steel is disposed in the parts g, g³, will be understood by
an examination of Figures 1, 3, and 4. The blade or body of the hoe is madef rom
the parts g, g³, by the ordinary plating process, that is, the said parts g, 9, are
heated, and by hammering are spread out and fashioned into the body or blade of
the hoe, as illustrated in Figures 5 and 6, which represent in front elevation and
side elevation respectively the metallic part of a finished hoe, which has been made
from the cast steel "mould" or blank, Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, the blade or body h
being made from the steel parts g, g².
I do not limit myself to the disposition represented of the parts g; g³, of the
"mould" or blank about the rib f, from which, by the plating process; the body or
blade of the hoe is made, nor to the sectional figure of the said parts g, g³, as these
may be varied; for example, the thick or strong parts or mass g, g; may terminate
at the dotted lines i, i, in Figure 1, a portion of the casting between the parts at i, i,
and the rib and eye f, e, having a thickness a little greater than that of the

page_text: finished blade or body, and the outline of the strong parts or mass g of the "moulds"
may have the configuration indicated at 1, 1, Figure 1.
Hoes of various kinds may be made in the manner described and represented.
"
I make various kinds of adzes and axes from cast-steel blanks or *"moulds" of
the kind represented in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, substantially in the manner described
with respect to the manufacture of a hoe, the blanks or "moulds for the adzes or
axes being made of the required size and form to suit the articles to be made, the
mass of cast steel from which the blade or plate is to be made by the plating
process being arranged on that part of the "mould" from which it can be most
advantageously spread out for the manufacture of the particular kind of adze or
axe to be made.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit myself
to the precise details herein described and illustrated, as the same may be varied
without departing from the nature of my Invention, but I claim as my Invention,
the improvements in the manufacture of various kinds of hoes, adzes, and axes
herein-before described, and illustrated in the accompanying Drawing, that is to
Bay, making various kinds of hoes, adzes, and axes by forming, by the casting
or blanks of cast steel, each " mould
process, "moulds
or blank consisting of an
eye and rib of the form which they are required to have in the finished article,
together with a sufficient mass of cast steel, cast in one piece with the said eye and
rib, from which to form by the percussive process called plating, the body blade or
plate of the article, substantially as described and illustrated.
"
"
In witness whereof, I, the said John William Yates, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
Witness,
RICHARD SKERRETT,
Clerk to George Shaw,
Birmingham.
JOHN WILLIAM YATES. (L.S.)