An Improved Coke Furnace or Oven.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Oct., 1891-Accepted, 24th Dec., 1891
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Coke Furnace or Oven.
I, KARL LARES, of Karwin, Province of Austrian Silesia, in the Empire of
Austria, Manager, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to a coke furnace or oven of peculiar construction, designed
for working with large charges, consequently producing a large quantity of gas,
and arranged in such a manner that the gases generated are thoroughly consumed,
thus causing a uniform and not too high temperature to be developed throughout
the furnace.
The main object of my invention is to combine steady working with rapid
coking, and at the same time to prevent as much as possible, the deterioration of
the oven.
According to my invention, the gases are caused to come into contact with the
outer surfaces both of the side-walls and of the hearth of the furnace, and also with
a part of the crown. At the same time the air required for their combustion is fed
to them, under the hearth as well as above the furnace by a system of passages
provided for that purpose.
The foundations of the furnace and the bed of the lower flues are similarly
to other arrangements of coke ovens, cooled by a natural draught of air flowing
through proper passages, the settling of the foundations which would otherwise
occur, in consequence of the calcination of the surrounding soil, being thereby
avoided.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figure 1 is a front elevation of a coke furnace or oven for heavy charges
constructed according to my invention;
Figure 2 is a transverse section on the line A B of
Figure 3, which is a horizontal section on the line E F of Figure 2.
Figure 4 is a longitudinal section of the furnace on the line P Q of Figure 3.
Figure 5 is a similar section on the line NO of Figure 2.
Figures 6 and 7 are longitudinal sections on the lines G H and C D respectively
of Figure 3.
Figures 8 and 9 are horizontal sections on the lines L M and I K respectively of
Figure 2.
The furnace A tapers at one end and has on its top, mouths (Figure 4) through
which the coal to be coked is fed. The coke, when finished, is pushed out of the
furnace by means of a steam driven machine, such as is usually employed for this
purpose.
The furnace A is closed at both ends by movable sheet iron doors a¹ (Figure 1)
lined with fire bricks. If the furnace is worked continuously, the coal after being
introduced is freed from its gases on coming in contact with the hot walls of the
furnace.
The said gases escape through the ports k provided in one side of the furnace,
(Figures 2 and 4), take their course along the vertical passages r, (Figures 2
and 7), towards the hearth a, with the underneath part of which they come in
contact after being divided into four currents, as shewn in Figure 3. Being stiil
so divided they then rise through the passages z provided in the opposite pillar
of the furnace (Figure 6), meet in the upper vaulted flue S, pass downwards,
divided in two currents through the three passages l, m, n and o, p,y. provided at
both ends (Figure 6) enter the inclined conduits j, pass from there into the

page_text: main flue T which runs on the side of the furnaces, and finally into the stack V
(Figure 3).
In order to ensure the ignition and combustion of the gaseous products, ports b
are made in the outer face of the abutments, (Figure 1), through which ports
atmospheric air issuing from ports 1, 2, 3, 4 and 1, 2, 3, 4' shewn in Figure 3, is
admitted beneath the hearth a (Figure 2) and mixes with the gases coming from the
vertical passages (Figure 2). For a similar purpose, ports (Figure 1), are cut
in the outer wall, in order to admit atmospheric air which, as shewn in Figure 8, flows
through the passages r, s, t, into the upper flues S (Figure 2), in which the gases
escaping from the furnace are collected in two currents, as will be understood by
reference to Figure 5.
6
The circulation of the gases is regulated and as is frequently necessary in
cases of irregular working, can even be completely interrupted by means of a
damper e (Figure 2) in the above mentioned flue S, which damper serves, in such
cases for partially or totally closing the vertical passages l, m, n, o, p, q shewn in
Figure 6.
The five passages a, b, c, d, e¹ shewn in Figure 5, situated beneath the furnace
hearths which are supported by them are designed for preventing the settling of the
foundation which occurs so frequently in furnaces erected on solid masonry. The
cooling of the said passages is effected, as in other arrangements of coke ovens by
admitting therein atmospheric air which enters at f, (Figures 2 and 5) branches off
from the passage g (Figure 5) into the lower passages a', ', c', d'e', travels through
the whole length of these and escapes in a heated condition at h in the opposite
pillar (Figure 2). It is highly important that the foundations should be cooled,
because, in the vicinity of coal pits, branch seams or lodes are not unfrequently
struck when digging the ground for the masonry work, and in such cases, if the
aforesaid precaution should not be taken, the coal is unavoidably set on fire by the
heat penetrating deeply into the soil, which is sure to cause a considerable settling
of the building. In the same manner, the atmospheric air admitted at / (Figure 2)
passes through the passages y (Figure 9) and also escapes in a heated state at h
(Figure 2).
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. A coke furnace or oven in which the gases escaping from the combustion
chamber flow downwards through vertical passages r, are divided into several
currents, circulate to and fro beneath the hearth a, rise through vertical passages z
provided in the opposite pillar, pass into the flues S which run above the furnace,
and are brought to the stack by the passages o, p, q, l, m, n and j, the air needed
for their thorough combustion being fed to them during their circulation by the
ports b, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 11, 2, 31, 4¹ and by the upper passages t, r as well as u, v,
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
2. The improved coke furnace or oven hereinbefore described and illustrated in
the accompanying drawings.