Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Welding Boiler- flues and other Articles.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 28th May, 1887
Complete Left, 28th Feb., 1888
Complete Accepted, 6th Apr., 1888
Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Welding Boiler-
flues and other Articles.
We, GEORGE HERBERT LLOYD, of Maney House, Sutton Coldfield, ARTHUR
LLEWELLYN LLOYD, of 41 Clarendon Square, Leamington, and HUBERT BEWLAY, of
Alcester Road, Moseley, Birmingham, all in the County of Warwick, Manufacturers,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
This invention relates to an improved construction of welded boiler-flue, suitable
for Lancashire, Marine and other boilers, and to the method of, and the apparatus
adapted for use in, welding plates composing the same; such improved means being
also applicable in welding other kinds of boiler-flues, pipes, vessels and structures,
particularly where the surfaces or joints are of an irregular character.
A boiler-flue constructed according to this invention is composed of two or more
sections welded together end to end. Each section may consist of a cylinder whereof
the extremities are flanged, slightly turned outwards, or otherwise suitably formed or
adapted to the requirements of the subsequent operation of joining the sections
together by welding. Or the body of each section may be corrugated, hooped or
barrel-shaped. The shaping, thickening or other preparation of the edges of the
sections may be effected either in the process of rolling the plates whereof the
sections are composed, or in that of rolling the sections when in hoop-form, or by a
supplementary and independent operation.
According to our mode of welding together sections of the kind hereinbefore
described in the construction of a boiler-flue, we bevel the edges of the plates to be
joined; so that, when brought together or close to one another, a V-shaped groove is
formed between the edges of the plates. In this groove is laid a strip of welding
metal preferably of such a shape as to fill the groove and to project above the level of
the adjacent surfaces of the plates. The edges of the plates and the filling strip having
been brought to a suitable heat, the joint is welded and finished with a swage or
forming tool adapted to leave a solid rib or projection upon the exterior surface of
the flue at the point of juncture of the sections. By these means, a perfect weld is
obtained which extends to the inner surface of the flue; a result which is unattainable

page_text: in welding ordinary flanged joints together, the weld in the latter instance_not
extending to the curves of the flanges. Furthermore, where a flue is constructed of
sections welded together with thickened or ribbed joints as hereinbefore described, the
strength of the flue and its power to resist collapse is greater at the joints than at
intermediate points where the metal is of normal thickness. On the other hand, with
ordinary flanged joints, the process of flanging reduces the thickness of the metal
in the flange, a further reduction taking place during the operation of raising the same
to a welding heat.
Instead of arranging the bevelled edges of the plates so that when brought together
they form a V-shaped groove as herein before described, the bevelling may be in the
reverse direction, the wider portion of the groove or interstice between the edges of
the plates being in this instance below. Through and above the narrower portion of
the interstice between the edges of the plates the rib of the filling or welding strip
projects. During the welding operation the substance of the rib may be partially
spread over the adjacent surfaces of the plates, as in the ordinary process of
rivetting.
Instead of producing a V-shaped groove by bevelling the edges of the plates, a
similar result for the purposes of our invention may be effected by turning the edges
of the plates upwards or outwards to a moderate extent.
It will be obvious that our improved method of welding joints is applicable to pipes,
vessels and structures other than boiler-flues.
In conducting welding operations of the class hereinbefore referred to, we prefer
to heat the metal by means of a gas or hydrocarburetted-air flame. To obtain the
best results as regards expedition and economy, whether in welding' longitudinal,
circumferential or irregular joints, it is of importance that the tuyere should be
brought within a very short distance of the material under treatment. When the
extremity of the tuyere is rectilinear and the surface of the plate operated upon is
curved, corrugated or of an irregular contour, the above mentioned condition cannot
be complied with; the result being that a large proportion of the gas is wasted, and
risk of overheating portions of the plate incurred. For welding joints in irregular
work, such as above referred to, we shape the extremity of the tuyere, or the fire-
brick facing thereof, to correspond closely with the contour of the plate or other body
to be heated. It will be apparent that gas-welding apparatus constructed according
to this improved method is applicable for use in welding various articles having curved
or irregular surfaces besides boiler-flues.
Dated thisa 26th day of Nov 1887
G. G. M. HARDINGHAM,
191, Fleet Street, E.C.,
Agent for the Applicants.

page_text: Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Welding Boller-
flues and other Articles.
We, GEORGE HERBERT LLOYD, of Maney House, Sutton Coldfield, ARTHUR
LLEWELLYN LLOYD, of 41, Clarendon Square, Leamington, and HUBERT BEWLAY, of
Alcester Road, Moseley, Birmingham, all in the County of Warwick, Manufacturers,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of welded boiler-flues suitable for
Lancashire, Marine and other boilers, and to the method of and the apparatus
adapted for use in welding plates composing the same; such improved means being
also applicable in welding other kinds of boiler-flues, pipes, vessels and structures,
particularly where the surfaces or joints are of an irregular character.
A boiler-flue constructed according to this invention is composed of two or more
sections welded together end to end. Each section may consist of a cylinder whereof
the extremities are flanged, slightly turned outwards, or otherwise suitably formed or
adapted to the requirements of the subsequent operation of joining the sections
together by welding in the manner hereinafter described. Or, the body of each
section may be corrugated, hooped or barrel-shaped. The shaping, thickening or
other preparation of the edges of the sections may be effected either in the process of
rolling the plates whereof the sections are composed, or in that of rolling the sections
when in hoop-form, or by a supplementary and independent operation.
According to one mode of welding together sections of the kind hereinbefore
described in the construction of a boiler-flue, we bevel the edges of the plates to be
joined, as represented in Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings; so that, when the
plates a a are brought together or close to one another, a V-shaped groove is formed
between their edges. In this groove is laid a strip of welding metal b, preferably of
such a shape as to fill the groove and to project above the level of the adjacent
surfaces of the plates. The edges of the plates and the filling strip having been
brought to a suitable heat, the joint is welded and finished with a swage or forming
tool adapted to leave a solid rib or projection upon the exterior surface of the flue at
the point of juncture of the sections as represented in the longitudinal section Figure 2.
By these means, a perfect weld is obtained which extends to the inner surface of the
flue; a result which is unattainable in welding ordinary flanged joints together, the
weld in the latter instance not extending to the curves of the flanges. Furthermore,
where a flue is constructed of sections welded together with thickened or ribbed joints
as hereinbefore described, the strength of the flue and its power to resist collapse is
greater at the joints than at intermediate points where the metal is of normal thickness,

page_text: .
On the other hand, with ordinary flanged joints, the process of flanging reduces
the thickness of the metal in the flange, a further reduction taking place during the
operation of raising the same to a welding heat.
Instead of arranging the bevelled edges of the plates so that when brought together
they form a V-shaped groove as herein before described, the bevelling may be in the
reverse direction as indicated in Figure 3; the wider portion of the groove or inter-
stice between the edges of the plates being, in this instance, below or towards the
interior of the flue. Through and above the narrower portion of the interstice
between the edges of the plates a a, the rib of a filling piece 6 projects. During the
welding operation, the substance of the rib b is partially spread over the adjacent
surfaces of the plates, as in the ordinary process of rivetting; the joint when finished
appearing as represented in Figure 4 and closely corresponding with one effected in
the manner previously described.
In Figures 3 and 4 the flue to which our improved method of welding is applied is
composed of barrel-shaped sections. In Figure 5, the sections are hooped or ribbed;
a a being the sections, a¹ a¹ the hoops or ribs and b the joint which in this instance is
finished to resemble one of the hoops or ribs a¹. Instead of producing a V-shaped
groove by bevelling the edges of the plates, as described with reference to Figure 1,
a similar result, for the purposes of our invention, may be effected by turning the
edges of the plates upwards to a moderate extent. Or, the edges of the plate whereof
each section is composed may be thickened upwards, either in the process of rolling
or by upsetting. The latter method of treatment is illustrated in Figure 6; the
appearance of the joint when finished being indicated at 6 in Figure 7. In Figure 8
is shewn a portion of a boiler-flue composed of corrugated sections welded together,
'the joint 6 finished in such a manner as to appear simply as a thickening of the plate.
In Figure 9 the sections are flanged. 6 is a suitably-shaped strip of welding
metal which we prefer to introduce between the flanges in order to secure the best
result. With the aid of a suitably-shaped block or blocks, such as c, the welded
flanges may when finished be made to appear as a solid rib encircling and strengthening
the Hue, as shown at b in Figure 10.
It will be obvious that our improved method of welding joints, embracing the
insertion of a piece of welding metal of special section, is applicable to pipes, vessels
and structures other than boiler-flues; and the same is not exclusively applicable to
joints of a circumferential character.
In conducting welding operations of the class herein before referred to, we prefer
to heat the metal by means of a gas or hydrocarburetted-air flame. To obtain the
best results as regards expedition and economy, whether in welding longitudinal,
circumferential or irregular joints, it is of importance that the material under treat-.
ment should be brought as near as possible to the point of combustion. When the
extremity of the tuyere or gas-furnace is rectilinear and the surface of the plate
operated upon is curved, corrugated or of an irregular contour, the above-mentioned
condition cannot be complied with; the result being that a large proportion of the
gas becoming diluted with external air, is wasted, and risk of overheating portions of
the plate is incurred.
For welding joints in irregular work, such as above referred to, we shape the
extremity of the tuyere or gas-furnace or the fire-brick facing thereof, to correspond
closely with the contour of the plate or other body to be heated. Figures 11 and 12
represent the application of this feature of our invention for welding ribbed and
corrugated plates respectively; a being the plate operated upon, d the tuyere, and e a
fire-brick facing shaped to correspond closely with the contour of the plate under
treatment. Figure 13 illustrates the application of similar means for welding a pan;
d being a tuyere having a suitably-shaped fire-brick facing e, as before, and f being
an inverted pan formed of several approximately V-shaped plates which, when welded
together edge to edge, form a segment of a hollow sphere.
It will, however, be apparent that gas-welding apparatus constructed according to
the improved method above described is applicable for use in welding various articles
having irregular or curved surfaces.

page_text: Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, we claim :-
First The improved method of welding boiler-flues and other articles substantially
as herein described and whereby the strength at the joint is greater than that due to
the normal thickness of the plate.
Second-In the process of welding plates; the employment substantially as herein
described of a piece of welding metal of special section inserted between the bevelled,
bent, flanged or open edges of the plates.
Third In the process of welding joints in articles having irregular or curved
surfaces, the employment of a tuyere or gas-furnace formed or provided with a
working face shaped to closely correspond with the contour of the work under
treatment, substantially as herein described.
قيمم
T
1000
G. G. M. HARDINGHAM,
191, Fleet Street, London, E.C.,
Agent for the Applicants.
G. G. M. HARDINGHAM,
191, Fleet Street, London, E.C.,
Agent for the Applicants.