AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF TINNED LEADEN PIPES
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for
the Invention of "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF TINNED LEADEN PIPES."-A communication from abroad
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th December 1867.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR
THE MANUFACTURE OF TINNED LEADEN PIPES," to be as follows:-
The subject of this Invention is an improved manufacture of leaden
pipes lined with tin, together with an apparatus for the manufacture of the
same.
In order to carry out this Invention, a cylindrical casting of lead is first
prepared of the requisite size and thickness; a mandril is then placed in the
centre of this casting in such a way that there shall be left an annular space
round the mandril and between the mandril and the inner side of the leaden
cylinder; into this annular space molten tin is run to form the internal
[Price 8d.1

page_text: coating. The cylinder or tube thus prepared is then submitted to the action
of a hydraulic press which forces the metal out in the form of a lead pipe
lined with tin, and rolls it up in the same way as ordinary leaden pipes are
manufactured by hydraulic pressure.
The construction of the improved mould is very simple, and is as follows:-
It is in two parts, one fixed to a bench, the other part is attached to it by
hinges so that it may be opened or shut at will; the top of the mould is open
and the bottom is closed by a solid piece of cast iron which serves as a step
to receive the mandril. When the mandril is in the mould an annular space
is left round it for the metal; parallel with this space is a runner, down
which the metal is poured and enters the annular space by a hole or gate
left near the bottom of runner. When the leaden ingot has been cast the
mandril should be drawn out by a hydraulic press attached to the mould and
a smaller mandril introduced, leaving a space between the latter and the
ingot; this space should be filled with tin. When the tin and lead are both
cool the ingot should be taken out and put into a hydraulic press to be forced
or pressed out into pipes in the ordinary way; this press is composed of a
steel cylinder containing a mandril and a hollow piston; on the top of this
cylinder is a block of metal to which a dic is fixed; this block is raised to
allow of the ingot being dropped into the cylinder; it is then lowered and
made fast, when the lead is forced through the die by the action of a hydraulic
press acting on the piston. On emerging from the die the pipe is wound on
to a roller that is made to rotate at the same speed as the pipe is forced
through the dic. Round the cylinder are cavities in which hot air or super-
heated steam should be circulated for the purpose of heating the metal, but
the temperature should never be so great as to melt the tin or lead. When
the piston has arrived near the top of the cylinder and nearly all the ingot has
been forced out, the top block may be raised for the purpose of dropping in a
fresh ingot to be operated on in like manner.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 17th June 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Palents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in (the thirty-first year o
Her reign. did for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said William Edward Newton. Her special licence that I. the said William
Edward Newton. my executors. administrators. and assigns. or such others
as 1, the said William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and
assigns. should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man. an Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED. METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE
OF TINNED LEADEN PIPES," being a communication to me from Monsieur
Augustin Henry Hamon, of Nantes. in the Empire of France, upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I. the said William Edward Newton, my
executors or administrators, hy an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals. should particularly. .describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed. and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE. that 1, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention. and in what manner the same is to
be performed. to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the fol-
lowing statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and
to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
The subject of this Invention. is an improved manufacture of leaden pipes
lined with tin the Invention also includes an apparatus for the manufacture
of the same.
In order to carry out this Invention, a cylindrical casting, of lead is first
prepared of the requisite size and thickness: a mandril is then placed in the
centre of this casting in such a way that there shall be left an annular space
round the mandril and between the mandril and the inner side of the leaden.
cylinder into this annular space molten tin is run to form the internal
coating. The cylinder or lube thus prepared is then submitted, to the action
of an hydraulic press which forces the metal out in the form of a lead pipe
lined with tin and rolls it up in a coil in the manner that ordinary leaden pipes
are coiled when manufactured by hydraulic pressure.

page_text: The construction of the improved mould is very simple. and is as follows:-
It consists of two parts, one of which is fixed to bench and the other is
attached to it by hinges so that it may be opened or shut at will. The top of
the mould is open and the bottom is closed by a solid piece of cast iron which
serves as a step to receive the mandril. When the mandril is in the mould
an annular space is left round it for the metal: parallel with this space is a
runner, down which the metal is poured and enters the annular space by a
hole or gale left near the bottom of the runner. When the leaden ingot has
been cast the mandril should be drawn out by a hydraulic press attached to
the mould and a smaller mandril introduced leaving a space between the latter
and the ingot: this space should be filled with tin, and when the tin and lead
are both cool the ingot should be taken out and put into a hydraulic press in
order to be forced or pressed out into pipes in the ordinary way: this press is
composed of a steel cylinder containing a mandril and a hollow piston; on
the top of this cylinder is a block of metal to which a die is fixed: this block
is capable of being raised to allow of the ingot being dropped into the cylinder;
it is then lowered and made fast, and the lead is forced through the die by
the action of a hydraulic press acting on the piston. On emerging from the
die the pipe is wound on to a roller that is made to rotate at the same speed
as the pipe is forced through the dic. Round the cylinder are cavities in
which hot air or superheated steam should be circulated for the purpose of
heating the metal, but the temperature should never be so great as to melt
the tin or lead. When the piston has arrived near the top of the cylinder and
nearly all the ingot has been forced out the top block may be raised for the
purpose of dropping in a fresh ingot to he operated on in like manner.
The apparatus to be employed for the purpose of carrying out this Invention
consists, first, of an improved ingot mould which allows the ingols or lumps
of lead and tin to be cast with great facility. The lead flowing from the
ingot mould is forced down by a hydraulic press of a peculiar construction,
the piston or plunger which is enclosed in the body of the press is double-
acting, and the receptacle in which the ingot is placed to be rolled out is
moveable in order that the ingot may be placed in the cylinder where it is lo
be rolled out: this head or receptacle is very rapidly moved by means of a
hydraulic tube above the press. Accumulators are also employed for raising
the valves of the pumps for forcing the water into the press when the normal
pressure has been exceeded; this arrangement allows of the metal being
always acted upon at the same pressure. and accidents in cases in which an
excess of pressure might be produced will thus be prevented.

page_text: and one apparatus to be employed
for that purpose will be readily understood by the following description,
reference being had to the accompanying Drawings.
FIRST OPERATION-CASTING THE INGOTS
The casting of the ingots or lumps is effected in a hot chamber containing
tubes closed internally by a well-adjusted stopper and operated by a lever and
adjusting screw; the lead being melted at a heat of about four hundred
degrees and a hand wheel turned it is allowed to flow out through the orifice
and run into the mould; when the mould is full the stopper should be lowered
and the passage of the lead stopped.
Fig. is a vertical section of the ingot mould: Fig. 2 is a plan partly in
section. The mould opens on hinges, the part a being a fixture and attached
to a cast-iron framing by means of four bolts; the other or moveable pari a'
is capable of being closed, and by means of two screws b these two parts are
firmly held together. The bottom of the mould is closed by a piece of cast
iron c. which serves at the same time as a step for the mandril or rod m,
which serves to make the hollow in the centre of the ingot or lump. The
mandri mis to be introduced into the centre of the mould and the lead
poured in by the passage d; the lead rises in the mould. and when the latter
is full the operation should be stopped. As soon as the lead is set the
mandril m is forced out by means of the hydraulic pressure produced in the
cylinder e placed on the top of the mould. as seen at Fig. I, and forming onc
apparatus with it. As soon as the mandril m is removed another m¹ (as
shewn in detail and on an enlarged scale at Fig. 2b) is to be introduced in
its place; this one is intended to preserve an annular space within the sides
of the ingot or lump for the reception of the tin which is poured in at the top
and inside of the mandril m' into the leaden ingot in which it rises. Directly
the lead appears at the orifices at the top of the mould no more should be
poured in. and nothing else remains to be done but simply to await the
cooling of the metal in order to remove the mandril m¹ in the same manner as
the mandril m that was used for the lead: the mould should then be opened
by unscrewing the two screws b. and the ingot is to be taken out.
PRESS FOR ROLLING OUT THE LINED INGOT OR LUMP.
Fig. 3 represents the entire press in sectional clevation. half the Figure
being in section to allow of the interior construction being seen; Fig. 4 is a
horizontal section on the line 1, 2, of Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is another horizontal

page_text: section on the lines 3, 4, 5, 6, of Fig. 3; Fig. 6 is a section on
the line 7, 8, of Fig. 3; Fig. 7 is a horizontal sectional plan view, one half
of the body of the press being shewn in sctor and the other half in plan.
In these Figures B is a steel cylinder which receives the leaden pipe, and
which is mounted in the cast-iron casing C resting on the steel columns K.
In the casing C flues or passages D (Figures 3 and 6) are made and commu-
nicate with the mouth E, Fig. 6, through which pass the flames produced in
an adjacent furnace. F is a central spindle intended to receive the mandril T.
and which reaches to the bottom of the body of the press II, to which it is
fixed by a nut is a space round the rod F. The hard cast-iron
piston G which presses the lead is a prolongation of the large plunger J, which
The
acts in the body of the hydraulic press H closed by the covering I.
large piston J is double-acting. and for that purpose is fitted with double
Above
linings is the hydraulic joint made round the central rod F.
the cylinder B is the eye or nozzle O, which is kept in its place by the
block N set in the cast-iron framing or block M. and which is securely
fastened to the casing C by means of screw nuts T, taking on to the tapped
portions of the columns K: these nuts L which must turn one-sixth of a
revolution are united by the jointed rod U, which is worked by means of the
hand lever u, as will be hereafter described. Vare prolongations of the
columns K, to which they are attached by means of keys p. and serve to
support the hydraulic tube R, in which a double-acting piston is mounted.
Qare small columns forming a frame for raising the block M. and are for
that purpose connected by the rod R' to the plunger of the hydraulic
lube.
-
The operation of the apparatus is as follows:-A hollow lump or short
tube A of lead and tin (cast in the mould shown at Figures 1 to 2b) is
introduced into the, cylinder B, which has been heated to a temperature of
about two hundred and ten degrees by causing flame or hot air to circulate in
the flues D of the casting C; or instead of flame superheated steam may be
employed, but the temperature attained should not be sufficient to melt the
tin, which would in that case be thrown out in a state of fusion; the tem-
perature may be ascertained by means of a thermometer or pyrometer. The
mass A having been introduced the block M is lowered and water introduced
by means of pumps into the upper part of the tube R: the eye or dic O will
then fit exactly into the cylinder B. The nuts L are fixed in place by means
of the lever a. and the pressing operation may be commenced: for this purpose
communication is established between the lower part of the body of the

page_text: press H and an accumulator, and the lower part of the piston J is submitted
to the action of the injection pumps. In its upward movement it acts upon
the plunger G and presses the mass A and forces it out of the cylinder B
through the annular space between the mandril T and the eye or die O, by
which means the required pipe is formed. During this operation the tin and
lead being compressed beyond their power of resistance will be run out in
equal layers, and will therefore preserve their proportional thicknesses
throughout the whole of the operation. Having been thus formed the pipe is
to be wound upon a drum actuated by friction gearing. so that it may rotate
only at a speed corresponding to that at which the pipe is forced out which
varies according to each diameter or thickness; this drum. which may act
upon a counting apparatus for indicating the length of pipe wound on, offers
the advantage of doing away with the men ordinarily employed for winding the
pipes, and whose attention must be incessant. The piston G having arrived
near the eye piece O acts upon a catch which immediately stops the introduc-
tion of water under the piston J, and at the same time opens a return water
passage; this being done by the same means, it opens the water passage into
leading from a hydraulic reservoir, and the piston will then descend into
the first position which it occupied before the operation; during this time the
lever is acted upon and the nuts L are unscrewed into the slotted portions
of the columns K where they are capable of sliding. Water is then intro-
duced from the reservoir under the piston of the tube R, and in its ascensional
movement it carries the block M to a suflicient height to allow of the intro-
duction of another ingot or mass of lead and tin into the cylinder B. The rod
or spindle F which passes through the whole length of the cylinder B and
also the pistons G and J have for their object to do away with the mandrils
which are in ordinary presses mounted upon the head of the piston G, and
which in following the movements of that piston have several disadvantages
which are well known in practice. The spindle F cannot be shifted from its
centre as the piston G slides over it, and the mandril T is disengaged from the
pipe as soon as it is finished which will prevent the pipe from being torn or
injured. If the ordinary mandrils were employed there must be a series of them
according to each diameter and thickness of pipe required, and the lumps
must be cast accordingly; whilst with the mandril fixed according to this
Invention the interior diameter of the masses of lead and tin remains always
the same, the mandrils being only changed by unscrewing them from the rod F.
A cross piece has also been employed for keeping the mandril in place, but
this is attended with the great inconvenience of cutting the pipe throughout

page_text: its whole length, and as the lead in the manufacture of pipes lined with tin is
only pressed out at a temperature of about two hundred and ten degrees, it
could not again solder itself, and therefore the employment of such mandrils
would produce defective pipes. It is to be observed that the piston G has at
its centre a perforation larger than the diameter of the rod F, with the excep-
tion of the upper part, so as to leave a space for the metal pressed out
hetween that piston and rod to fall into the chamber at the lower part of that
spindle, otherwise the piston would be broken. The nuts L are of no
less utility; their operation is very simple, it being sufficient to turn them
one-sixth of a revolution in order to tighten or loosen them; for this purpose
slots are made throughout the whole length of the screws of the columns K,
and when the uncut parts of the columns are brought opposite to the cut
parts in the nut it will be loosened and capable of sliding, care, however,
must be taken to leave an entire thread at bottom in order that the threads of
the nut may be properly presented and bite immediately on its being turned;
by this means the removal of the keys is avoided, which is a long operation
and requires a larger mass of metal for their reception; the tedious operation
of turning the ordinary nuts is also avoided. The operation of raising the
block is also very rapid and simple by means of the hydraulic tube, which
may be rendered automatic by a catch apparatus worked by means of the
large hydraulic piston, by which arrangement the necessity for attendants is
done away with, and the operation is rendered much more certain.
This apparatus is very easily taken to pieces. as in a few minutes the
mandril and eye pieces can be changed, as will be understood on inspecting
the Drawing. In order to change the plunger of the hydraulic press, it is
only necessary to adjust rings m on to pins by which the casing C and the
block M are attached together and removed by the hydraulic tube R after
having disconnected the cover of the hydraulic press: the change will then
be effected with facility after having unscrewed the spindle F.
Having now described this Invention of "An Improved Method of and
Apparatus for the Manufacture of Tinned Leaden Pipes," and having explained
the manner of carrying the same into effect, as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent. I desire it to be understood that, under the above in
part recited Letters Patent, 1 claim,-
Firstly. The method herein set forth of lining or coating the interior or
leaden pipes with tin to any degree of thickness.
Secondly. The mould described for casting the short pipes or lumps or
ingots of lead lined with tin.

page_text: Thirdly. The special arrangements and constructions of press herein set
forth for squeezing out the tinned pipe.
Fourthly. The application of the drum on which the pipes manufactured
are wound, which drum is caused to rotate at a speed always corresponding
to the rate at which the manufactured pipe is forced out.
Fifth. The apparatus as shewn and described for the manufacture of tinned
lead pipes.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Sixteenth day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
W. E. NI
(L.S.)