IM- PROVEMENTS IN STEAM PUMPING AND BLOWING MACHINERY
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Mackenzie, of Wednesbury, in the
County of Stafford, Foreman of Works, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN STEAM PUMPING AND BLOWING MACHINERY."
Sealed the 29th December 1874, and dated the 10th July 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION- left by the said Thomas Mackenzie
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,.
on the 10th July 1874.
I, THOMAS MACKENZIE, of Wednesbury, in the County of Stafford,i
Foreman of Works, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM PUMPING AND BLOWING MACHINERY," to be as
follows:
-My said Invention consists of the combinations or arrangements of
parts, herein-after described; of machinery for pumping and blowing by:
means of steam power.
I construct and arrange the parts of the said machinery in the
following manner:-I place the steam cylinder, blowing cylinder, and
pump cylinder, by preference horizontally, the said cylinders being fixed

page_text: at such heights respectively that their several axes are coincident or in
the same line. I place the steam cylinder between the blowing cylinder
and pump cylinder, the same cylindrical rod constituting the piston rods
of the steam cylinder, blowing cylinder, and pump cylinder. The said
cylindrical rod passes out of the steam cylinder at each end and
terminates at one end in the piston of the blowing cylinder, and at the
other end in the piston of the pump cylinder:
The valve gearing of the steam cylinder is actuated by the striking
of the piston near the end of its stroke against plugs or rods working
through stuffing boxes in the ends of the steam cylinder and projecting 1
a short distance into the said cylinder. The motion communicated to
the said plugs or rods is transmitted by short levers to the rod by which
the slide valve is actuated.
The blowing cylinder is of the ordinary kind, as is also the pump
cylinder, excepting that I combine with the said pump cylinder a con- 1
denser, which is put in connection with the exhaust pipe of the steam.
cylinder, and which by effecting the condensation of the waste steam
materially increases the power of the steam cylinder. The said con-
denser consists of a cylindrical vessel constituting an enlargement near
the top of the suction pipe of the pump. Into the top of this vessel the 2
exhaust pipe of the steam cylinder opens, and the suction pipe of the
pump enters the said vessel at its side and near its top, the connections
of the said exhaust and steam pipes with the said vessel being water and
steam tight.
In the exhaust pipe of the steam cylinder is a valve opening towards 2
the condenser. By the arrangement of parts last described the exhaust
steam is very effectually condensed by the stream of water raised by the
pump, and the pressure of the steam on the piston of the steam cylinder
is virtually increased to a degree equivalent to the vacuum on the
exhaust side.
The condenser described may be applied to steam pump cylinders of
various constructions, and the combination of steam pump and condenser
may be used apart from the blowing apparatus.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Mackenzie in the Great Seal Patent Office.
on the 7th January 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
MACKENZIE, of Wednesbury, in the County of Stafford, Foreman of
Works, send greeting.
"
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of July, in the year of our Lord One.
thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-eighth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant.
unto me, the said Thomas Mackenzie, Her special license that I, the said
Thomas Mackenzie, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Thomas Mackenzie, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thercafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ircland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM PUMPING AND
BLOWING MACHINERY," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said.
Thomas Mackenzie, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Mackenzic, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
"
My said Invention consists of the combinations or arrangements of
parts, herein-after described, of machinery for pumping and blowing by
means of steam power.
I construct and arrange the parts of the said machinery in the
following manner:-I place the steam cylinder, blowing cylinder, and

page_text: pump cylinder, by preference horizontally, the said cylinders being
fixed at such heights respectively that their several axes aro coincident
or in the same line. I place the steam cylinder between the blowing
cylinder and pump cylinder, the same cylindrical rod constituting, the
piston rods of the steam cylinder, blowing cylinder, and pump cylinder.
The said cylindrical rod passes out of the steam cylinder at each end and
terminates at one end in the piston of the blowing cylinder- and at the
other end in the piston of the pump cylinder.
The valve gearing of the steam cylinder is actuated by the striking of
the piston near the end of its stroke against plugs or rods working
through stuffing boxes in the ends of the steam cylinder and pro-
jecting a short distance into the said cylinder. The motion comníunicated
to the said plugs or rods is transmitted by short levers to the rod by
which the slide valve is actuated.
The blowing cylinder is of the ordinary kind, as is also the pump
cylinder, excepting that I combine with the said pump cylinder a con- .
denser which is put in connection with the exhaust pipe of the steam
cylinder, and which by effecting the condensation of the waste steam
materially increases the power of the steam cylinder. The said con-
denser consists of a cylindrical vessel constituting an enlargement near
the top of the suction pipe of the pump. Into the top of this vessel the.
exhaust pipe of the steam cylinder opens, and the suction pipe of tho
pump enters the said vessel at its side and near its top, the connections
of the said exhaust and steam pipes with the said vessel being water and
steam tight.
In the exhaust pipe of the steam cylinder is a valve opening towards
the condenser. By the arrangement of parts last described the exhaust
steam is very effectually condensed by the stream of water raised by the
pump, and the pressure of the steam on the piston of the steam cylinder
is virtually increased to a degree equivalent to the vacuum 'on the
exhaust side.
The condenser described may be applied to steam pump cylinders of
various constructions, and the combination of steam pump and condenser.
may also be used apart from the blowing apparatus.
.[
Having explained the nature of my Invention I will proceed to a
describe, with reference to the accompanying Drawings, the manner.in
which the same may be carried into effect.

page_text: Figure 1 represents in longitudinal vertical section a steam pump and
blowing machine constructed according to my Invention, the section
being taken through the axes of the steam and blowing cylinders, and
through the valve box of the pump cylinder; Figure 2 represents the
same in plan; Figure 3 represents an end elevation of the same; and
Figure 4 a transverse section of the same (taken through the pump
cylinder), showing the condenser connected with the pump. The same
letters of reference indicate the same parts in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4.
a is the steam cylinder; b, the blowing cylinder; and c the pump
cylinder, the said cylinders being situated horizontally. The rod dis
the common piston rod of the three cylinders a, b, and c, and to this rod
the steam piston a², the blowing piston 62, and the piston of the pump are
connected. The stuffing boxes at each end of the steam cylinder a,
together with the stuffing boxes at the inner ends of the blowing.
cylinder band pump cylinder c, are of the ordinary kind, and are shown
in the Drawing; d and e are the two small rods or plugs working in the
opposite ends of the steam cylinder a, by striking against which the
piston a² is made to actuate the valve gearing of the steam cylinder. As
the steam piston a² at the end of its stroke strikes against the rod e the
said rod e is forced outwards and gives motion to the lever f, connecting
rod g, and slide valve h, producing in the said slidè valve the necessary
dg,
change of position for reversing the direction of the motion of the
piston a³, similarly when the piston a² strikes against the rod d it gives
motion thereby to the lever i and connecting rod k, and slide valve h, and
reverses the position of the said slide valve. The blowing cylinder 6 is
of the ordinary kind, as is also the pump cylinder c and parts connected
therewith, excepting that I provide communication between the two
sides of the water and air pistons, as herein-after described with reference
to Figures 6 and 7; and I combine with the pump cylinder a condenser,
which I will now proceed to describe; 7 is the suction pipe of the pump,
at the summit of which is an enlargement or cylindrical vessel m. Into
the top of this vessel m the exhaust pipe n of the steam cylinder a opens,
as best seen in Figure 1, and also the upper part 2 of the suction pipe l-
of the pump. In the exhaust pipe n of the steam cylinder a a jointed;
or clack valve may be placed, opening inwards, that is, towards the
condensing vessel m, to prevent the rush of water into the steam,
cylinder a.

page_text: 1
t
By the arrangement described of the parts of the condenser the
exhaust steam is delivered into the stream of water being raised by the
pump, and is thereby very effectually condensed, the effective pressure
of the steam on the steam piston being increased to a degree equivalent
to the exhaust or vacuum produced by the said condensation.
.
and
By the arrangement of the steam cylinder, blowing cylinder,,
pump cylinder, in the same line, and making the same piston rod carry
the steam, blowing, and pump pistons, great simplicity in the con-
struction and compactness of the parts and economy in working are
secured where a blowing machine and pump require to be simultaneously
worked by steam power...
The arrangement of the valve gearing of the steam cylinder a,
Figure 1, may be simplified in the manner illustrated in Figure 5 of the
Drawings, which represents in longitudinal vertical. section a steam
cylinder with the simplified gearing, referred to. In this modification
the rods d, e, Figure 1; are dispensed with, and on the piston a² is a
projecting ring a³, which strikes against the short levers p, q, at the ends
of the cylinder a as the piston a² approaches the end of its stroke in one
or other direction. By the projecting ring a striking against and raising
the said levers p, q, the valves p², q², respectively are raised, and steam
from the steam chest r acting on one or other of the pistons s, t, gives
to the slide valve u the motion required to reverse the direction of the
motion of the piston a².
Figure 6 represents in longitudinal vertical section, and Figure 7 in
plan, a steam cylinder and steam pump without a blowing machine, the
said Figures 6 and 7 representing an arrangement for working the valves
of the steam cylinder partly by the motion of the steam piston and partly
by the motion of the pump piston. The arrangement, Figures 6 and 7,
may however be employed in conjunction with a blowing cylinder.
In the said Figures 6 and 7 a is the steam cylinder; a² is the steam
piston; c is the pump cylinder, and c² the pump piston; v is a rod, one
end of which is situated in the steam cylinder a and the other end in the
pump cylinder. c. The said rod v passes through stuffing boxes in the ends
of the steam and pump cylinders, as represented. As the piston a² of the
steam cylinder reaches the end a³ of the said cylinder it strikes against the

page_text: end v² of the said rod v, urging the said rod towards the pump cylinder c
and as the piston c² of the pump cylinder c reaches the end c³ of the
pump cylinder it strikes against the end v³ of the rod v and urges the
said rod towards the steam cylinder. By the to-and-fro motion com-
municated to the rod the slide valve x of the steam cylinder is worked,
the motion of the said rod v being transmitted by the lever y to the rod z
of the slide valve x, the direction of the motion of the said rod v. being
reversed by the lever y.
In order to remove the pressure of the water in the pump cylinder c
from the piston c² as it reaches either end of the pump cylinder c;
passages 1, 1, 2, 2, are made at the ends of the cylinder. By an exam-
ination of the Drawing it will be seen that when the piston c² is at
either end of the cylinder c there is a communication through the said
channels 1, 1, 2, 2, between the water on opposite sides of the piston, and
that the piston in these positions is relieved from pressure on either side.
The passages 1, 1, 2, 2, Figure 6, at the ends of the steam cylinder may be
applied for a like purpose to steam pumps of other kinds, and also to the
blowing cylinders of blowing machines, as indicated in the blowing
cylinder b, Figure 7, and marked 1, 1, 2, 2..
Figure 8.represents in vertical section a modification of the condenser.
represented in Figures 1 and 2; and Figure 9 represents a horizontal
section of the same on the line A, A, of Figure 8; 3 is the condensing,
vessel on the top of the suction pipe 4, up which the water passes,
through the vessel 3 and out by the pipe 5; 6 is the pipe by which the
6 waste steam enters. By means of the hand wheel and screw 7 the
double valve 8 may be raised and lowered. When the said double
valve 8 is raised steam can pass from the pipe 6 into the chamber 10.
When the double valve 8 is in the depressed position represented in the
Drawing the steam entering at the pipe 6 is shut off from the chamber 10
and escapes by the pipes 11 into the air. The object of this arrangement
is to permit the waste steam to be delivered into the air on the starting
of the steam pump, and to permit the condenser to be brought into use-
when the pump is in full work. In the condensing vessel 3 is a series:
of pipes 12, each of the said pipes having the Figure of an inverted
5 syphon supported by its longer branch in the base of the chamber 10, as
represented. While the longer branches of the syphon pipes 12 open"

page_text: into the steam chamber 10 the short branches of the said pipes open
into the condensing vessel 3 filled with water. The exhaust steam from
the chamber 10 entering the longer branches of the pipes 12 passes
down the said pipes and is condensed therein. Should the condensation
not be completed in the descending branches of the pipes 12 the steam
will pass up the ascending branches, and any portion uncondensed-
therein will be delivered into the water in the condensing vessel 3. .
The condenser, Figures 8 and 9, may either be used in the vertical
position represented or be placed in a horizontal position.
The various forms of condensers represented may be combined with 1
steam pumps of various constructions, and the combination of steam
pump and condenser may be used apart from the blowing apparatus.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I
not limit myself to the precise details herein described and illustrated, 1
as the same may be varied without departing from the nature of my:
Invention; but I claim as my Invention,-
معلم
First. The improvements in steam pumping and blowing machinery,
herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, of the
accompanying Drawings, that is to say, arranging the steam, blowing, 2
and pump cylinders, in the same line, and fixing the pistons of the steam
cylinder, blowing cylinder, and pump cylinder, on the same piston rod,
substantially as before described and illustrated; whether the said com-
bination of parts be used with or without a condenser.
'
Secondly. The combinations or arrangements of the parts of con 2
densers for steam pumps or for combined steam pumps and blowing.
machinery, herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 1, 4, 8,
and 9, of the accompanying Drawings.
Thirdly. The combinations or arrangements of parts for actuating the
slide valves of the steam cylinders of steam pumps or combined steam-3
pumps and blowing machinery, herein-before-described with reference to
Figures 1, 2, 4, 5, 6; and 7 of the accompanying Drawings.
Lastly. The arrangement of ports or passages for relieving the pistons
of steam pumping and blowing machinery from pressure when near the

page_text: end of their stroke, as herein-before particularly described with reference
to Figure 6 of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Mackenzie, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this First day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.
.
Witness,
JOSEPH FELLOWS,
Cashier,
Fallings Heath.
Wednesbury.
THOMAS MACKENZIE. (L.S.)