A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF GLAZING' OR FIXING SHEETS OF GLASS, ALSO APPLICABLE FOR FIXING SHEETS OF SLATE. STONE, OR METAL."
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas William Helliwell, of Brighouse, in the County of
'
York, Architect, for the Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF
GLAZING' OR FIXING SHEETS OF GLASS, ALSO APPLICABLE FOR FIXING
SHEETS OF SLATE. STONE, OR METAL."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas William Helliwell
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st August 1877.
THOMAS WILLIAM HELLIWELL, of Brighouse, in the County of York, Architect.
"A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF GLAZING' OR FIXING SHEETS OF GLASS,
ALSO APPLICABLE FOR FIXING SHEETS OF SLATE, STONE, OR METAL."
This Invention relates, firstly, to a method of fixing sheets or panes of glass, also
sheets of slate, stone, or metal, when the same are to serve as the roof, sides, or
divisions of a building, such as a conservatory, shed, greenhouse, or other structure.
In the accompanying Sheets of Drawings,-
Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4 illustrate a portion of this part of my Invention.
A are the sheets of glass, slate, stone, or metal which are supported by the ribs B,
composed either of wood or metal. The upper edge of this sheet is placed in a.
groove cut in the rib (or the rib may be without groove, as shewn in Fig. 4) and
the lower end rests on the next lower rib, overlapping the same, so that when the
roof or other part of a building is completed the ribs are not wholly exposed. The
sheet is prevented from slipping by a clip, bracket, or lug b fixed to the rib on
which the lower edge of the sheet rests.
In some cases each rib is provided with troughs a (see Fig. 1) to catch water
which may beat under the sheets, or condensed vapour which may trickle down on
the under side. Instead of shaping the sheets so that the sides are perpendicular
to the ridge of the roof, I form them as shewn in Fig. 2, which admits of water
underneath or between the overlapping edges escaping more quickly.
Fig. 7 shews another method of fixing the sheets, which, in this case, the four
,

page_text: corners of such sheets meet together and are secured by means of a clip or bracket e.
For fixing stone and slate, prefer to secure them together by nails or similar
means. By this arrangement, diamond or other ornamental design may be
obtained. The supporting bars being either upright, horizontal, perpendicular, or
diagonal.
This Invention relates, secondly, to fixing sheets of glass in ordinary or other
window sashes. The glass, in these cases, fits into grooves formed in the sides of
the frame, being either passed through a slot in the top side of the frame, as shewn
in Fig. 5, or the frame may be made in separate pieces and put together after
inserting the glass. The lower side of the frame is shewn in Fig. 6, the sloped
side c being the side exposed to the rain when fixed.
Fig. 8 shews another method of fixing sheets of glass, a dovetail groove being cut
on one or both sides of the bar D, and glass A placed therein, as shewn.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Thomas William Helliwell in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
31st January 1878.
THOMAS WILLIAM HELLIWELL, of Brighouse, in the County of York, Architect.
"A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF GLAZING' OR FIXING SHEETS OF GLASS,
ALSO APPLICABLE FOR FIXING SHEETS OF SLATE, STONE, OR METAL."
This Invention relates to fixing sheets or panes of glass, slate, stone, or metal,
when the same are to serve as the roof, sides, ends, or divisions of a building, such
as a shed, greenhouse, conservatory, or other horticultural structure, railway station,
skating rink, or any similar purpose.
The principal object of my Invention is to secure cheapness of construction,
increased durability by lessening the liability of breakage, and facility for repair
when breakage does occur; and this I accomplish by simplifying the framework
and dispensing with the use of "putty" or other cement or packing.
Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4 illustrate one feature of my Invention.
A are the sheets of glass or other material which are supported by the ribs B,
composed of wood or other material. The upper edge of each sheet is placed in a
groove or ledge a provided in the rib, and the lower end rests on the upper side
of the next lower rib, overlapping the same, so that when the structure is completed
the ribs are not entirely exposed. The sheet is prevented from slipping by a clip,
bracket, or lug b fixed to the rib on which the lower edge of the sheet rests. I
have shewn several forms of clips or lugs, that in Fig. 1 being adjustable by
screw c.
In some cases each rib is provided with troughs d (see Fig. 1) to catch water
which may beat under the sheets, or condensed vapour which may trickle down on
the under side. This collection of water is conveyed away by means of grooves
formed in the rafters. By forming the sheets A, as shewn in Fig. 4, the water
which collects between the overlapping edges escapes more quickly than if the
sheets were rectangular and the sides perpendicular to the ridge of the roof.
Fig. 5 shews another arrangement of the sheets. The same letters are used to
indicate the ribs and clips as are used in the preceding Figures, whilst some of the
sheets of glass have been numbered in the order in which I prefer to place them

page_text: when commencing to glaze, yet they may have the same relative arrangement to
each other, and commence to glaze in other ways. In addition to the large numbers
in the centre of the sheets of glass A, each corner is marked with the same number
in small figures, so that the arrangement may be more readily understood. The
advantages of this arrangement are that the ribs are entirely concealed, and no
discernable space is left between the sheets where they overlap. In this method of
fixing, the lug or bracket, shewn in detail in Figs. 11 and 12, is employed, as in
removing a single square or sheet it necessary to remove the upper part of the
lug f. Other forms of lugs may be employed for this purpose
Fig. 6 illustrates another arrangement of the sheets of glass, slate, or other
material. In this case the lower corner of each sheet is secured by a clip or lug b,
the side corners of which are, by preference, cut away, being held between the
clips carrying the sheets immediately above it. Various other ornamental arrange-
ments may be devised by altering the direction of the supports B, which may be
either vertical, horizontal, or diagonal:
Fig. 7 shews a simple arrangement which may be adopted where ventilation is
required. In this case, an open space, the thickness of the sheet, is left between
the lugs securing each pane.
Where air-tight glazing is required I use varnish, cement, or other plastic sub-
stances, by means of which the sheets fit closely upon each other.
In Figs. 8 and 9, the arrangement of the sheets A is similar to that shewn in
Fig. 5. In these cases the "lugs" are dispensed with, and nails or screws e sub-
stituted. Each sheet is fixed by nails or similar fastenings which are inserted so
as to clear the adjoining sheets. These arrangements are particularly adapted for
slating, being much more economical than the ordinary method. It will be seen
that in any of the above methods of glazing the sheets may be fixed by nails or
screws instead of by the "clips" or "lugs" b.
Fig. 10 shews another method of fixing the sheets of glass or slate; in this case
a strip of glass, wood, or other material H is placed over the joints, and, if required,
cemented to the said sheets, and the clip 6 may be used for supporting the sheets,
as previously explained.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas William Helliwell, have hereunto set
my hand and scal, this Seventeenth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
Witness,
J. W. TASKER,
Patent Agent,
Halifax.
THOS. W. HELLIWELL. (L.S.)