matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO THE COUPLING OF RAILWAY WAGONS, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR, PART OF WHICH INVENTION IS APPLICABLE FOR LAMPS FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Owden O'Brien at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th April 1881.
JOHN OWDEN O'BRIEN, of 47, Kingsley Road, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster. IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO THE COUPLING OF RAILWAY
WAGONS, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR, PART OF WHICH INVENTION IS APPLICABLE
FOR LAMPS FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
This Invention is designed to improve upon the method of coupling shown in
Dobson's Patent, Number 543, of 1879.
First. I construct the fork in line with the shaft, or nearly so, but the two prongs
projecting out in a plane at right angles or nearly so to the plane in which the
cranked bar or cap covering the link end lies, and at an angle of about 135 degrees
with the stock, and instead of the link lying in the fork it lies against the stick,
the fork being merely used to guide the link and prevent it slipping off. If a
fulcrum below the buffers be used, than a similar pair of projections in the same
plane, but extending out at about 90 degrees with the others, and sufficiently
higher up the stick to allow the link to lie between, can be added; a ring shrunk
on the shaft would do as well.
Second. When using the original Dobson's fork place two wedges or inclines
on each fork instead of the flanges E, so that each side of the link may be
prevented from sliding off.
Third. I place a fulcrum in the form of the block letter L under the buffer of a
coal wagon to act as a fulcrum when the ordinary square block buffers are used.
Fourth. In place of swivelling the lantern to the shaft where it is in the way I
place it on the head, the cap or covering being supplied with a spring clip, so that
one has only to press the lantern down in the spring clip, and it holds it steady.
By moving the head about the light from the lantern is thrown in any desirable
direction.
This mode of arranging a lantern can be used for other purposes, but is especially
valuable in this case, as it can perform the double purpose of giving light and of
signalling, and can be instantly detached for ordinary purposes.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN FIRE-GRATES SUITABLE. FOR KITCHEN RANGES AND OTHER FIRES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Clapham at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th May 1881.
WALTER CLAPHAM, of Leeds, in the County of York, Hairdresser. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FIRE-GRATES SUITABLE. FOR KITCHEN RANGES AND OTHER FIRES."
The said Invention relates to giving to the bottom gratings of kitchen ranges
or of any other fires a rising and lowering motion by means of a single rack and
pinion, which pinion is actuated by a handle made to fit the end of the pinion's
spindle, and the moveable bottom or grating may be raised or lowered and adjusted
in the grate or fire place at any desired height.
For this purpose
fix in the bottom part of the grate of a kitchen range or of a
fire place a frame having a few bars; on this frame I place front guides which
have secured to them small angular bent brackets; the guides are placed at cach
side of the fire bars and are connected together by rods secured in the tops of the
angular bent brackets; the rods prevent small cinders falling from the front fire
bars and the angular brackets are placed over the fire bars and keep the front
guides in position; these guides are also made with feet which rest on the top of
the frame secured in the grate, other guides are placed in the grate and at the
back, the feet of the guides meeting the feet of the front guides keeping the back
guides in position.
When the guides have been placed in position in the grate, I pass on the guides
a false bottom which is made with a frame having cut out parts to slide over the
guides, and within the frame are cast two bars having a centre space in which
works a pinion; this pinion is secured to a spindle which works in bearers cast on
the underside of the frame of the false bottom, and on one side of the pinion is
left an opening the cross way of the bars, in which works the back projecting ends
of a rack, this cross way opening guides the rack when actuated by the pinion
either upwards or downwards. The rack is fitted in or near the centre of the fire
place, and on the top of the said rack is secured a curved plate or grating on
which rests the fire; this curved grating is made with longitudinal openings for
the passage of air and in front of the grating is cast a projecting plate made with
an air opening or air openings; this plate is to keep in the fire.

page_text: To raise the grating so as to bring the fire on the level of the front fire bars
when required the handle is placed on the spindle of the pinion and the pinion
actuated, which lifts up the rack and consequently the grating and fire thereon,
and when the required height is obtained, and to adjust the grate to the height, a
lever is pulled forward and brought in contact between the teeth of the pinion,
preventing the pinion moving. The lever works on a stud secured in the bottom
of the frame of the false bottom; to release the grating the lever is pushed back
and the pinion is then left free to be actuated and the grating lowered.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FLUSH CISTERNS FOR WATER CLOSETS AND THE LIKE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wright at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th September 1881.
WILLIAM WRIGHT, of Plymouth, in the County of Devon, Brassfounder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FLUSH CISTERNS FOR WATER CLOSETS AND THE LIKE,"
In a suitable cistern, which may be of ordinary construction and materials, I fix &
frame, preferably of iron, and rectangular, set up edgewise, and having a hole at its
upper side to admit the supply pipe, and in a direct line under this is another hole
through which rises the prolonged spindle of an ordinary weighted lift valve,
The top
which covers the orifice of the flush pipe at the bottom of the cistern.
of this spindle may be enlarged so as to close the inlet pipe when lifted up
against it.
Upon the inlet branch is fixed a ball cock or valve, preferably of the kind for
which I have obtained Letters Patent, No. 899, dated 2nd March 1881, and a
suitable lever or equivalent is arranged and connected to one end of another lever
pivotted at the top of the cistern, to the other end of which is attached the handle
or connection by which the valve is lifted. The action is as follows:-
The handle being pulled actuates the levers which raise the long spindle and lift
the valve at the bottom of the cistern, and the flush takes place. The spindle
however having been raised lifts the ball and closes the valve, and thereby prevents
inore water entering the cistern until the handle is released and the bottom valve
closed, when the inlet opening being again opened the cistern again fills through
the ball valve.
I do not bind myself to the exact form of frame described above, because so long
as the relative positions of the different parts is maintained the precise method by
which that is accomplished is immaterial.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Beard at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th September 1881.
JOHN BEARD, of Ashton-under-Lyne, in the County of Lancaster. “IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CARDING ENGINES."
My Invention relates to machines known as self-stripping carding engines, for
carding cotton and other fibre, my object being to lift the flat nearest the taker in,
to clean the flat, grind it, and to put the clean flat to work near the doffer, and to
repeat these operations automatically so long as the machine is at work, also to set
each flat separately.
I make use of two annular wheel shaped castings (each made for convenience in
two pieces) having arms and bosses, the latter fitting on the cylinder shaft
pedestals one at each side of the cylinder; the rims of these castings are turned by
preference to the same diameter as the card cylinder, and are fitted so as to be free
to revolve in close proximity to it. I fit two screws in each end of each flat; the
points of the screws rest on the rims, so that I can adjust each flat separately; on
the outer edge of each rim is a flange provided with slots equidistant apart to
correspond with the width of the Hats used, and on a shaft extending from side to
side of the machine are fixed two pinions which gear into the sluts in the flanges
and make them revolve simultaneously.
Outside the frame of the machine at each side I fit on the cylinder shaft pedestal
the boss of a radial arm, each radial arm being provided with a toothed quadrant
at its lower end, into which quadrants gear two wheels actuated from a shaft
provided with a reversing motion to impart to the radial arms a to and fro motion.
Each radial arm is fitted at the top with a rack and lifter to raise a flat on to a
stripper, and then carry the flat from one part to another of the engine; when the
flat has been stripped or cleaned the rack or lifting motion raises the flat still
further, and places it above a grinding roller which grinds the flat while it is in a
position corresponding to that it would occupy on the grinding machine or on the
carding engine; the flat is then moved onward and drops into its place near the
toffer, when another flat is raised by the lifter at the other side of the engine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE ATTACH- MENT OF HEELS TO BOOTS, SHOES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Lithgow at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th October 1881.
"
THOMAS LITHGOW, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Boot and Shoe
Manufacturer. IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE ATTACH-
MENT OF HEELS TO BOOTS, SHOES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES."
The object of this Invention is the arrangement and construction of apparatus
whereby the heels of boots, shoes, and other similar articles may be clamped and
secured in position upon the sole whilst being nailed or pegged thereto, and consists
of a base-plate in which a recess is formed to receive the loose heel, and which
base-plate is provided with a pedestal or standard having an adjustable clamping
fork at its upper extremity, this fork being rendered adjustable by being mounted
upon a screw rising from the pedestal, and which is furnished with a suitable nut
which may be raised or lowered upon its screw according to the height of the boot
or block employed.
This Invention further consists of a metallic block designed to be inserted inside
the boot when placed between the clamping fork and the loose heel held as
aforesaid, and which clamping fork is then screwed down by means of its nut on
to ears projecting from each side of such block, and thus the boot and heel are
clamped securely together whilst the nails or pegs are inserted and then driven
home; tapered holes are formed through this block into which the nails or pegs
are dropped, and thus are guided into their exact positions and may then be driven
home, and which is most conveniently done by means of a rod having a weight at
its upper extremity, and thus acts as an efficient hammer for the purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO FISH PLATES AND RAILS FOR RAILWAYS AND OTHER PLACES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Dickinson Swift and Henry
William Swift at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd
August 1881.
1
THOMAS DICKINSON SWIFT and HENRY WILLIAM SWIFT, both of Ince, in the
County of, Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO FISH PLATES AND
RAILS FOR RAILWAYS AND OTHER PLACES."
Considerable inconvenience is felt by the spaces left between the rails on
railways and other places where long iron rails are used caused by contraction,
making the carriages or vehicles passing over them to jolt, and it is to prevent
this jolting and other evils consequent thereon that this our Invention is
designed.
It consists in attaching to the fish plate a tongue or projection to fit into a slot
made on the upper surface of one of the end of rails where the joint is made. This
tongue may be cast in one piece with the fish plate and rises to a height level with
the top of the rails and is formed on the outside so as to correspond with the contour
of the rails, the object being to present a surface for the wheels to run on even
though the opening between the ends of the two rails should be sufficient to cause
a jolt. We preferably affix it to the fish plate on the inside of the rail, as in that
position the tire of the wheel bears on it while the wheel is passing over the
opening at the end of the rails; by the time it has reached the opening at the
end of the tongue the wheel rests again solidly on the top of the rail. The fish
plate we bolt securely with the tongue against the end of the rail that has not
been cut leaving the other rail bolted to the fish plates with the bolts through
elongated holes which accomodates the movement in the rails caused by the
expansion and contraction of the metal.
We do not propose to lay all the rails with our improved joints, but calculate
that such a joint every forty or fifty yards will be sufficient, bolting the
intermediate rails securely to the fish plates without slotting the holes through
which the bolts pass.
Of course the same result might be obtained by jointing the rails with half of
each rail cut away for the distance required, but we do not consider that would be
in any way equal to our Invention.
AN IMPROVED & NOVEL FORM OF STOPPER FOR BOTTLES
Year: 1881

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Warner at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th March 1881.
CHARLES WARNER, Mineral Water Manufacturer, 63, Vauxhall Walk, Lambeth.
AN IMPROVED & NOVEL FORM OF STOPPER FOR BOTTLES."
My Invention consists of a metal cap which is screwed into the mouth of the
bottle, & which cap is fitted inside with a rubber ring and a cork ring; there is also
a glass ball or stopper exposed to the pressure inside the bottle, which keeps it
against the cork & rubber rings when the bottle is charged. The rings may be
either cork alone or rubber alone, or cork & rubber together, or any flexable
substance.
The Invention is especially designed for stoppering bottles containing lemonade,
ginger beer, soda water & mineral waters, & other gaseous liquids.
In the accompanying Drawings I have shewn various forms of the aforesaid
stopper. Fig. 1 shows the cap, which is screwed into the mouth of the bottle,
Fig. 2; Fig. 3 shews a section of the said cap, A being india rubber ring, & B the
cork ring, & C the glass stopper. Fig. 4 is the size, & A the thickness of the
rubber ring; Fig. 5 is the size, & B the thickness of the cork ring.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST IRON, ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE PRODUCTION OF OTHER METALS FROM THEIR ORES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th September 1881. A communi-
cation from abroad by Joseph Chaine, of Lyon, France.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CAST IRON, ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE PRODUCTION OF OTHER
METALS FROM THEIR ORES." A communication from abroad by Joseph Chaine, of
Lyon, France.
This Invention has for its object to obtain a more uniform repartition and
constant proportion of the raw materials used for making pig iron, namely iron
ore, flux, and fuel.
It consists first in applying the ores, fluxes and fuel in a pulverulent state.
Second. In transforming these pulverulent materials into pieces or agglomerates
of uniforın size.
Third. In drying and heating the said agglomerates before their introduction
into the blast furnace.
The application of pulverulent materials permits the utilization of inferior
qualities of ores, and fuel. The agglomerates may for instance contain peat instead
of or in combination with other fuel.
A NEW OR IMPROVED WRAPPER OR ENVELOPE USED IN THE EXPRESSING OF OIL FROM SEEDS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Henry Dibb at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th April 1881.
CHARLES HENRY DIBB, of Hull, in the County of York, Seed Crusher's Clerk.
"A NEW OR IMPROVED WRAPPER OR ENVELOPE USED IN THE EXPRESSING OF
OIL FROM SEEDS."
This Invention relates to improvements in wrappers or envelopes used in
expressing oil from seeds, and consists in making them of compressed tanned walrus
hide, or leather made from the hide of the walrus.
Wrappers or envelopes made of the above material will be much more durable
than those hitherto in use.
"
AN IMPROVED MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR PLANING AND FINISHING WOOD OR OTHER MATERIAL
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Muter Wilson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd September 1881.
JOHN MUTER WILSON, of Miles Platting, in the County of Lancaster.
" AN
IMPROVED MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR PLANING AND FINISHING WOOD OR
OTHER MATERIAL."
The object of this Invention to construct a small portable and inexpensive
machine or apparatus for planing, polishing, and finishing wood or other material,
and which is capable of being actuated by hand, and an elastic band and pulley
somewhat similar to a hair dressing machine, or what might be called a revolving
plane.
The Invention consists in mounting the knives or cutters upon a shaft, which is
carried in bearings on a framing at each end; this cutter shaft is provided with
a grooved pulley at one end which derives its motion from a shaft above through
an elastic band passing around the same.
The driving shaft above may be actuated by power or by hand.
A smooth bed plate is fixed to the bottom of the machine, which acts ns a
guide, and is provided with a slot through which the knives or cutters project
slightly beyond the surface of the plate. These cutters may be fixed on the shaft
either horizontally or spirally as required, and may be adjusted by set screws so as
to project more or less according to the class of timber to be operated upon. Or
instead of the revolving cutters a roller may be used for dressing or finishing the
wood or other material.
Handles are provided at each end of the machine for the operative to get hold
of and guide the machine along the material to be operated upon.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINDLES FOR DOUBLING MACHINES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lorentz Albert Groth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th June 1881. A communication
from abroad by Walter Schmid, of Pallazzolo sul Oglio, in the Kingdom of
Italy.
LORENTZ ALBERT GROTH, K.G.V., Civil Engineer and Proprietor of the
Scandinavian Patent Office, under the Firm of L. A. Groth & Co., 97, Finsbury
Pavement, London, E.C. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINDLES FOR DOUBLING MACHINES."
A communication from abroad by Walter Schmid, of Pallazzolo sul Oglio, in the
Kingdom of Italy.
The Invention relates to improvements in what is known as the Schmid Pallazzolo
spindle. The general construction of the spindle remains the same as that which
is now well known, namely, with a channel and arm for twisting the yarn; and
the present Invention consists in a modification of the position.
The spindle is placed in a footstep at an angle of about 50° (or other inclination).
A collar bearing, below which the whirl or sheave of the spindle and flyer is
applied, serves as a second bearing to support the inclined spindle.
The inclined position of the spindle causes the spool placed on it to remain
stationary; this is however still more certainly effected by the application of a
socket with a half moon formed body or addition, which by means of a pin
entering a hole in the spool prevents the latter from turning. This body or
addition exerts at the same time a counter traction against the driving band of
the wheel.
By these arrangements the spindle may be driven at 3000 revolutions and more
per minute without fear of material or troublesome oscillation of the spool. The
socket may receive a square hole, whereby the friction is reduced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ENVELOPES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Robert English at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th June 1881.
SAMUEL ROBERT ENGLISH, of the Town and County of the Town of Nottingham.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ENVELOPES."
My improvements consist in cutting the blanks to form the envelopes of a variety
of suitable shapes, but cach blank has the sides or ends and the bottom flap left of
such a size and shape that when the side or end Baps are folded upon each other,
and the bottom flap, which has a slit cut in it, is folded upon them, and the three
are secured together by means of gum or equivalent cement, they form a pocket to
receive a tongue or end of the upper or closing flap; the tongue of the upper flap
is provided upon both sides with gum or other equivalent cement, which upon
being moistened and then inserted through the slit and the whole pressed together,
effectually prevents the envelope, after being closed, from being opened by the
application of a steam jet, moisture, or other means frequently employed, without
spoiling the envelope. By such means I produce without extra cost a more secure
envelope than heretofore.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMBING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Richardson Moss at tho
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd June 1881.
WILLIAM RICHARDSON Moss, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMBING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES.”
This Invention relates to combing machines for combing cotton or other fibrous
substances, and is particularly applicable to that class of machines known as the
"Heillmann comher.'
The improvements are designed to prevent the accumulation of waste from
forming on the ends or bearings of the "detaching" and fluted rollers.
The Invention consists in so constructing the comb cylinder as to cause it to act
as a revolving clearer for brushing the waste fibres from the ends of the said
rollers. For this purpose I fix on any convenient part of the comb cylinder a
brush or brushes; for example, in each end of the fluted segment of the said
cylinder I drill a series of holes, into which I insert a number of tufts of bristles
or brushes, which are secured in their places by cementing, screwing, or otherwise,
thus forming a revolving clearer, which brushes or clears the waste cotton from the
rollers at every revolution of the cylinder.
I would also remark that strips of felt or other suitable material may be used
instead of the bristles, and which may be placed on any convenient part on the
periphery of the cylinder in segments at intervals, or all round in the form of a
circular ring of brushes.
27
By this arrangement the ordinary movable felt top clearer which bears on the
surface of the clearer roller is dispensed with, and "bad ends or thick oily pieces
are prevented from forming in the yarn, as all the fluff or waste cotton is constantly
brushed or cleared from the rollers by the revolving clearer on the comb cylinder.
AN IMPROVED BEVERAGE OR LIQUOR
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Phillips Thompson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th March 1881. A com-
munication from abroad from Monsieur Charles Desnos, of Paris, in the
Republic of France.
WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON, of the Firm of Wm. P. Thompson and Co., Patent
Agents, of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, 323, High Holborn,
in the County of Middlesex, and Berridge Street, Leicester, in the County of
Leicester, Civil Engineer. "AN IMPROVED BEVERAGE OR LIQUOR." A commu-
nication from abroad from Monsieur Charles Desnos, of Paris, in the Republic of
France.
This Invention consists in an agreeable tonic or medicinal beverage, the principal
ingredients of which are ordinarily beer, ale, porter, or stout, and sarsaparilla. In
order however to improve its flavour and increase its invigorating and regenerating
effects, other substances are preferably added.
The actual quantities of the ingredients can be considerably altered without
materially varying the result, but I at present prefer one pound of sarsaparilla to
every thirty six gallons of X strength, two pounds to the same amount of XX,
and three pounds if the strength or quality of the beer is equivalent to XXX.
To this mixture I generally add an ounce or two each of sliced sasifras, guiacum
wood, mezerion, and liquorice root.
The various other ingredients are added to the beer, ale, porter, or stout, before
or after fermentation, as an infusion or decoction in the mashing process or during
ebullition, or in the finished beer or other liquor.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE SHOES AND IN STUDS AND NAILS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Grason Farmer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th July 1881.
THOMAS GRASON FARMER, of Emley, near Wakefield, in the County of York.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE SHOES AND IN STUDS AND NAILS FOR THE SAME."
This Invention has for its object the construction of an improved horse shoe,
and consists in making the toe and heel calks seperate and detatchable from the
shoe portion, whereby the durability of the horse shoe is considerably increased,
and facility afforded for removing a worn out calk and replacing it by a new one,
and whereby the necessity for sharpening of horse shoes in frosty weather is
entirely obviated. In carrying out my Invention I construct a dove tail or other
suitable groove in the shoe portion to receive the toe and heel calks, and I form
the calks which may be of iron, steel, or other suitable durable material, with
corresponding projections so as to be capable of sliding into the groove and of being
secured in position therein by binding over an overhanging portion left on one or
both ends of the calks. A modification of this Invention would consist of a thin
metallic plate to form the shoe portion, and to which plate the groove could be
welded or otherwise fastened.
In some cases I form the calks with projections to fit into rectangular or other
suitably shaped holes formed in the shoe, and I secure the same in position by a
cotter or pin. It will be readily apparent that the same constructions and methods
of fastening as herein described may be employed for or as substitutes for the studs
or headed nails used in conjunction with horse shoes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST CRUCIBLE STEEL
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hays Wilson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th April 1881.
JOHN HAYS WILSON, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN AND RELATING TO THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST CRUCIBLE STEEL."
My Invention consists in making cast crucible steel from iron prepared in the
following manner:-In carrying out my Invention, superior ore, such as Spanish
hematite ore, is smelted in the usual way in a blast furnace. The crude iron thus
produced should contain from one to two per cent. of silicon. This iron is refined
previous to puddling in an ordinary reverberatory furnace having the bottom and
sides of its hearth lined with iron ore, such as hematite. The furnace is strongly
heated, and the bottom of the hearth is covered with finely pulverized ore, such as
hematite, equal in weight to about ten per cent. of the metal to be refined. The
crude metal in a molten state, either from the blast furnace or cupola, is run into
the furnace and gently stirred until samples of metal taken show that the proper
degree of refinement has been obtained. The metal and cinder is then tapped out
of the furnace, when it will be found by chemical analysis to have been almost
entirely freed from phosphorous, sulphur, silicon, and manganese. This fine metal,
which contains little else than iron and carbon, is then puddled and made into
wrought iron in the usual way, thus producing iron of a very superior quality.
Wrought iron made from ordinary crude iron refined in this way previous to
puddling will be found to be very much improved in quality.
I would define my Invention to be the manufacture of cast crucible steel (by any
of the processes now employed) from iron made according to the before described
process.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS, COPPERS, AND OTHER SUITABLE VESSELS USED FOR WASHING, BREWING, CHEMICAL, AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Cooper at the Office of tho
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th June 1881.
ALFRED COOPER, of Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex, Commercial
Traveller. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS, COPPERS, AND OTHER SUITABLE VESSELS
USED FOR WASHING, BREWING, CHEMICAL, AND OTHER PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to improvements in boilers, coppers, or other receivers of
any suitable form or shape, and are divided into any suitable number of divisions,
such divisions having waste, overflow, or refuse pipes, with proper inlet or outlet
pipes, also with or without cocks or taps inserted in them, so that foul or dirty
water acted upon by the apparatus described in Patent No. 1880, A.D. 1881, may
be drawn off.
The apparatus referred to acting as a circulator or mixer is placed in one of the
compartments or divisions, and by the arrangement above described the foul or
dirty water is lot off, and either fresh water, dye, or other fluid is introduced in the
place of that drawn off, thus keeping the copper or boiler continually filled without
interfering with the action of circulator.
This apparatus acts as a combined boiler and copper, portable or otherwise.
The apparatus can be made of iron or any other suitable material, preferably of
copper.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE ARMS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis de la Bastide at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th July 1881.
LOUIS DE LA BASTIDE, of Grignols, Dordogne, in France. " IMPROVEMENTS IN
FIRE ARMS."
The Invention relates to repeating or magazine small arms, and consists of a
frame forming angles with two other small frames at its extremities, these small
frames being fastened on their other ends to a frame similar to the first one, one
with a hinge, the other with a clasp. Thus a cage is formed, one side of which
makes a door for introducing the barrel or guns, the guns sliding easily in the cage.
A groove is made in the inner side of the frames for allowing the little bolts
securing the guns to pass freely. The hammer passes across the frame, and consists
of one single piece. On one side it has the form of a baminer provided with two
points, parallel disposed, one of which strikes on the centre of a barrel on a
cartridge, the other falls into one of a series of holes, both points striking alternately
a cartridge and a hole. On the other side the striker is divided in two arms, on
which the thumbler is adjusted and held by two small springs fitted between the
two arms of the hammer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESS SUSPENDERS OR BRACES FOR CHILDREN
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Imray at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th December 1881. A communication
from abroad by Friedrich Steeg, of Düsseldorf, Germany.
JOHN IMRAY, of No. 28, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESS SUSPENDERS OR BRACES FOR CHILDREN."
[A communication from abroad by Friedrich Stecg, of Düsseldorf, Germany.]
This Invention has reference to an improved construction of dress suspenders for
children, which shall at the same time take the place of corsets, chest expanders,
and petticoat bodies, and shall also serve as attachment for the stockings. For
this purpose a comparatively wide, flexible, but non elastic band is provided for tho
waist, to which band the petticoats are attached by means of buttons or hooks.
From this band a central front band of elastic material passes up to about the
middle of the chest, at which point it branches off to either shoulder, and passing
over these the two elastic bands are attached by buckles or other adjustable
fastenings to two corresponding straps fixed to the back of the waist band. Theso
two straps are connected together by two horizontal elastic bands, which in exerting
a certain lateral tension, serve to brace the figure. To the sides of the waist band
over the hips aro furthermore attached two other looped straps that hang down-
wards, and are adjustable in length by means of buckles, in the loops of which
straps hang loose pieces having button holes, by means of which the stockings aro
attached.
This construction of dress suspender while allowing of free movement of the
arms and body sufficiently braces the figure to enable corsets and ordinary chest
expanders to be dispensed with.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS AND PARTS OF BUILDINGS, AND IN THE PREPARATION OF MATERIALS THEREFOR.”
Year: 1881

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Rideal at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th March 1881.
SAMUEL RIDEAL, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS AND PARTS OF BUILDINGS,
AND IN THE PREPARATION OF MATERIALS THEREFOR.”
"
My Invention relates to the construction of buildings which are composed wholly
or partly of timber. In the erection or covering of such buildings I employ planks
or timbers, which I so prepare and fit together as that a weather proof construction
of great durability is obtained. I take a plank of suitable timber, and preferably
of a hard or durable nature, and I form a groove a short distance from each edge of
the plank and on one side thereof. These grooves may be varied in form, but I
now consider a semi-oval form to be suitable. The grooves extend from end to
end of the plank, and the surfaces and edges of the planks are suitably planed or
prepared. In the covering of the roof framing I employ planks so prepared.
Planks are laid a distance apart and with the grooved sides uppermost,, and other
planks are laid over these with the grooved sides downwards and the outer edges
of the grooves resting in the grooves of the lower planks. The planks are then
secured to the purlins or roof timbers in such a manner as that holes extending
through the planks are not required. I prefer to fix angle brackets to the purlins
or timbers, and to secure the planks to these brackets by means of screws passing
upwards into the central thick portions of the planks but not passing through the
same. In this manner I obtain a water tight roof having a channel at each joint
to carry off the rain, and the planks being free to expand or contract without
splitting. The planks may be stained, painted, varnished, enamelled, or prepared
to resist moisture either before or after being fixed in position. In some cases I
propose to coat the planks with a suitable enamel paint or varnish which is heated
to a temperature of about 200 degrees Fahrenheit in a tank, the planks being
immersed in the preparation, the surplus preparation being brushed or drained off.
This process prevents cracking or blistering of the surface when the erection is
exposed to a high temperature. I also employ planks of a suitable thickness
prepared as aforesaid, in the formation or covering of inner and outer walls and
ceilings and of doors, the planks being secured to the framing in the manner
hereinbefore indicated or in any ordinary or suitable manner.' When inserting
windows or skylights I arrange for the frames to fit into the grooves in the planks.
The planks may be so arranged as that there shall be spaces for the inlet and exit of
air to ventilate the buildings.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BRICKS TO RENDER WALLS COMPOSED OF SAME PROOF AGAINST THE GREATEST POSSIBLE STRAIN.
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Pitt Bayly at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th November 1881.
JOHN PITT BAYLY, of 18, Fulham Place, Paddington, in the County of Middlesex,
Architect. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BRICKS TO RENDER
WALLS COMPOSED OF SAME PROOF AGAINST THE GREATEST POSSIBLE STRAIN.".
This Invention consists of a contrivance to be bedded in mortar, each brick
being fitted or locked one into the other, to render walls, chimney shafts, and other
structures, proof against gales of wind or other strains.
The object of the Invention is to erect walls, chimney shafts, and other structures
made from clay in a mould or box of the different shapes or forms described on
the Drawings, and burnt in a kiln constructed for that purpose, in two respective
forms locked together, one form or shape which is laid in one course constructed
with a tenon, dovetail shape, on the bottom, and a recess or mouth to receive the
tenon constructed in the bricks in the next course on the top, theso bricks being
fitted one into the other & bedded in mortar to receive the next course of the
other shape or form, which are constructed with half a dovetail shape tenon at each
end of the brick on the bottom, and half dovetail shape recess at each end of the
brick on the top, this shape brick being made to slide into the bricks of the
course beneath of the other shape, properly bedded in mortar or cement, the
different shape bricks being locked one into the other, laid in alternate courses to
one another, which renders the whole structure proof against the greatest possible
strain, each brick being locked one into the other, thus preventing any structure
erected with these bricks giving away at the mortar joints. Bricks for angles
and returns are constructed in the same way, locked one into the other.
Having now described the nature of this Invention and how it is to be
performed, I therefore claim the following:-
First. I claim the shapes of the bricks respectively made from clay & burnt
in a kiln.
Second. I claim the contrivance of the bricks being locked one in to the other
and bedded in mortar.
Third. I claim the locking of every brick one into the other to render any
structure proof against every possible strain.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SOAP
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert Williamson Blease and
Talbot Thomas Wilson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
17th October 1881.
HERBERT WILLIAMSON BLEASE and TALBOT THOMAS WILSON, both of Liverpool,
in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SOAP."
This Invention consists in a new kind of soap made with the addition of
ammonia,
Ammoniacal soap has often been suggested and tried, but no mode we believe
has hitherto been found of satisfactorily fixing the ammonia in the caustic form.
Now we find that an ordinary soda soap and turpentine have the faculty in
combination of retaining the caustic ammonia. We therefore take thirty two
by weight of Castile soap, three of spirits of turpentine, and two of ammonia, the
shredded soap being boiled first with a little water, and the turpentine and ammonia
added.
In practice we shall add the ammonia and turpentine to the soap in the manu-
facture of the soap itself, after its precipitation by means of salt.
To use the soap, one pound of soap is added to ten gallons of boiling water (it
must be boiling), and the clothes inserted and dollied, or otherwise well stirred for
five minutes, when they will be found beautifully washed.
AN IMPROVED SYSTEM OF DECORATING BRICKS, TILES, POTTERY, PORCELAIN, GLASS, MARBLE, IRON, AND ALL OTHER ARTICLES WHICH ARE BAKED BY FIRE BY THE USE OF MICA
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Applegarth at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th April 1881. A communication
from Edme Adrien L heureux, of 27, Boulevard de la Chapelle, Paris, France.
ROBERT APPLEGARTH, of 10, Mansion House Chambers, Queen Victoria Street,
in the City of London, Civil Engineer. "AN IMPROVED SYSTEM OF DECORATING
BRICKS, TILES, POTTERY, PORCELAIN, GLASS, MARBLE, IRON, AND ALL OTHER
ARTICLES WHICH ARE BAKED BY FIRE BY THE USE OF MICA." [A communication
from Edme Adrien L heureux, of 27, Boulevard de la Chapelle, Paris, France.]
This Invention consists of permanently fixing mica as a decoration, colored or
uncolored, by the use of enamel on bricks, tiles, terra cotta ornaments, pottery,
porcelain, glass, iron, and upon all other objects subjected to baking.
The manner of carrying out the process is as follows:-
I use delicate enamel, colored or uncolored, by the use of coloring matter
according to the shade or tint required.
This enamel I dissolve in water and spread upon the parts I wish to decorate.
Upon this coating of enamel I put a second coating of gummed water, I then
sprinkle powdered mica through a sieve on the parts so gummed. In order to
permanently fix the decoration above described, I place the decorated object in a
cover or muffle, and bake it in a gentle fire.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE of FOOD FOR HORSES AND CATTLE
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Long, of Reading, in the County of Berks, Corn
Merchant, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE of
FOOD FOR HORSES AND CATTLE."
(Foil by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Long at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th July 1881.
JOHN LONG, of Reading, in the County of Berks, Corn Merchant.
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FOOD FOR HORSES AND CATTLE."
"IMPROVE-
This Invention, which relates to improvements in the manufacture of food for
horses and cattle, has for its object the production of a food which shall be more
palatable, nutritive, and strengthening to the animals fed therewith than horse
and cattle foods as usually compounded are.
In carrying my Invention into effect I manufacture the improved food as a
breadstuff, which I prepare from the hereinafter mentioned materials, in about the
proportions and according to the method also hereinafter mentioned and described.
To produce a quantity, say, of about 3 tons of the improved food, I take of
maize about 3300 lbs., of pollard about 784 lbs., of beans about 480 lbs., of oatmeal
about 168 lbs., of wheat about 180 lbs., of peas about 62 lbs., of rice cones and of
linseed cake, each about 56 lbs., of fenugreek, of carraways, and of allspice, each
about 5 lbs., and of treacle about 1284 lbs. I find the above proportions of great
advantage, but I do not limit myself thereto.
I reduce those of the above mentioned materials (other than the treacle) which
are not of a powdery condition, to such a condition by any suitable means, and I
thoroughly blend or intermix the whole of the said materials together by the use
also of any suitable means. I then add sufficient water to reduce the whole to a
doughy consistency and divide it into parts, loaves, slices, or cakes, and bake the
same as is done in the manufacture of bread. The breadstuff which results is the
improved food and is ready for use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING MACHINERY
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Ripley and Thomas
Hargreaves Brigg at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
26th August 1881.
FREDERICK RIPLEY, Worsted Spinner and Manufacturer, and THOMAS
HARGREAVES BRIGG, Machine Maker, both of Bradford, in the County of York.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING MACHINERY."
This Invention relates to an inproved construction, combination, and arrange-
ment of parts of flyer spindle driving and lubricating, the whole being designed
as to render high speed of rotation available.
According to this our said Invention we employ an inverted flyer; a ring or clip
connects the ends of the flyer legs so as to prevent undue expansion under high
speed of rotation, the flyer being driven by independent pulley or wharve and
band. The spindle is provided with wharve or driving pulley independent of the
rotation of the flyer, so that the relative speeds of flyer and spindle may be
adjusted as required; the collar supporting the spindle is cupped or has an enlarged
part in which is oil and fibre, the oil passing or being drawn by the rotation of the
Hyer through a slit or slits communicating with the spindle, and in the latter is
cut a longitudinal key bed or groove, in which is received a key or feather in the
wharve for driving the spindle, so that the spindle may have its necessary vertical
traverse, whilst the position of its driving wharve in relation to the "tin" or
driving cylinder remains unchaged, thus avoiding the objection of variation in
tension of the driving bands.
"
The bobbins we prefer to bush at top and bottom with box wood or metal,
whilst the ring or connection of the leg of the flyer obviates the neccessity of any
twirl or eye for the "end or yarn to be passed through, the yarn being passed
under the connecting ring and direct from hip of rollers to the bobbin, no top board
being necessary.
NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CREATING AN UPWARD DRAUGHT IN CHIMNEYS, SHAFTS, PIPES, AND OTHER SIMILAR APPLIANCES, FOR APPLICATION TO SMOKY CHIMNEYS, VENTILATING, AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1881

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Herbert Angelo Herbert at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th February 1881.
EDWARD HERBERT ANGELO HERBERT, of Erith, in the County of Kent. NEW
OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CREATING AN UPWARD DRAUGHT IN CHIMNEYS,
SHAFTS, PIPES, AND OTHER SIMILAR APPLIANCES, FOR APPLICATION TO SMOKY
CHIMNEYS, VENTILATING, AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to new or improved apparatus for creating an upward
draught in chimneys, shafts, pipes, and other similar appliance, for application to
smoky chimneys, ventilating, and other like purposes.
According to my Invention I cap the chimney shaft or pipe with an elbow having
vertical and horizontal parts, and supported so as to be capable of easy rotation by
the air in motion acting on the fan blade or vane, by which its horizontal part is
surmounted. Through the vertical part of the elbow I insert a tube of much smaller
diameter than the said horizontal part of the elbow, and concentric therewith, and
of sufficient length to pass the upward channel or thereabouts. This tube has an
enlarged mouthpiece, thus always presented to the moving air, which in passing
through it and the horizontal part of the elbow, draw out the contents of the
vertical portion, and thus create the upward draught therein. A form of this
apparatus may be applied with advantage for the ventilation of railway carriages.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTAL PRINTING UPON CALICO, PAPER, AND OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Reinhold Ferdinand Schloesser
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th January 1881.
CARL REINHOLD FERDINAND SCHLOESSER, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTAL PRINTING UPON CALICO, PAPER,
AND OTHER FABRICS."
"
This Invention relates to a new style of ornamental printing, having the
appearance of what is known as flock-printing," but producing the same effect
by the use of a much less expensive material than the woollen "flock" hitherto
employed. In carrying out my Invention. I print from blocks (or otherwise) the
pattern or design upon the calico, paper, or other fabric in a suitable gum, size,
varnish, or other adhesive material, and whilst the same is in an adhesive state I
apply thereto (by sprinkling or otherwise) the new material, which when dried
presents the same appearance as woollen flock. The material which I propose to
employ for this purpose is a powder known as "wood flour" or "wood meal," and
is made from the fibres of pine or other wood, disintegrated and ground into the
form of flour or meal.
This ground wood may be either used in its natural state (in which case it will
be of a pale buff color), or it may be bleached or dyed any required color.