matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN TUBULAR STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William John Fraser at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
December 1867.
'I, WILLIAM JOHN FRASER, of 10, Commercial Road East, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TUBULAR STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to tubular boilers, and has for its object the saving
of fuel used therein. For this purpose the ordinary fire tubes instead of
being open for the free passage of flame and heat through them in a straight
line as usual, have a spiral thread or twisted midfeather inserted or fixed in
their interior for the purpose of changing the direction of the flame or current
of heat in its passage from the furnace to the smoke box or chimney. By
this means the flame or current of heat is deflected from its ordinary straight
course through the tubes, and caused to act more directly on the insides of
the tubes, thereby increasing their heating effect on the water by which they
are surrounded. The spiral thread or twisted midfeather, which may be either
single or double, is intended to be composed of metal or other suitable
incombustible material, and may be made of any required pitch or length,
and may also be convoluted or otherwise bent or formed, or it may be disposed
in parts adapted to produce the effect of diverting the course of the heat
through the tubes in the manner and for the purpose above stated.
Ar IMPROVED TUBULAR CANNON
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest Farrington at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th November
1867.
I, ERNEST FARRINGTON, of No. 28, Rue du Chemin Vert, in the City of
Paris, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Ar
IMPROVED TUBULAR CANNON," to be as follows:-
My improved tubular cannon, which is breech-loading, and whose general
and external appearance is that of an ordinary gun mounted on the usual
carriage, consists of a cylindrical metal case having an hexagonal or polygonal
bore forming a chamber, in the interior of which are arranged and fixed by
solder or otherwise a series of rifled tubes or gun barrels, bound or soldered
together securely in an hexagonal form to suit that of the bore. These
barrels are loaded at the breech by removing the breech piece (which screws
into the head of the gun) by means of two handles attached thereto; or it
may be hinged, and the closing or locking effected by aid of a screw pressing
on the breech piece or otherwise, or a screw shaft may be employed traversing
the piece. The balls are contained in a wooden frame, either pierced with a
number of holes or divided into compartments in number corresponding with
those of the barrels employed, and so arranged that each chamber adapts
itself to a barrel. The powder is contained in a metal or other case covering
one side of the frame bearing the balls. These two parts, that is to say, that
containing the powder and the frame bearing the bullets, are placed in a
bronze, steel, or other metal ring with an hexagonal and partly conical
opening for receiving them; this fits inside the head of the gun between the

page_text: end of the series of barrels and the breech piece, in the centre of which is the
touch-hole in direct communication with the powder contained in the metal
case before mentioned; or it may be made to fit in the breech piece itself.
By this arrangement the charges are burnt in the chambers, obviating the
necessity of first inserting them in the barrels, which is an essential feature in
my Invention, as it increases the rapidity of loading and discharging the
piece, and facilitates the removal of the refuse charges.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying Drawings shews the general arrangement of
the several parts mentioned. c are the rifle barrels; a, the hexagonal bore
of the gun; f is the breech closing piece; g is the metal ring pierced with an
hexagonal hole for receiving the wooden or other frame bearing the balls d
and case containing the powder b. Figs. 2 and 3 are two views of the closing
apparatus f; Fig. 4 is a front view of the metal ring with hexagonal opening
for receiving the case containing the powder 6 and frame bearing the balls d;
Fig. 5 is a transverse section following the line A, B, of Fig. 1, and shews the
gun barrels c bound together, as already described, in an hexagonal form;
Fig. 6 shews the case 6 containing the powder, and frame d bearing the
balls.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN COATING AND ORNAMENTING METALLIC OR OTHER SURFACES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bennington Blythe, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th May
1867. A communication from abroad by Edouard Dodé, of Wailly, in
the Empire of France.
I, JOHN BENNINGTON BLYTHE, of London Street, in the City of London,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN COATING AND ORNAMENTING METALLIC OR OTHER SURFACES," a com-
munication to me from abroad by Edouard Dodé, of Wailly, in the Empire
of France, to be as follows:-
For mixture No. 1 I prepare a solution of platinum in nitro-muriatic acid,
and after reducing the solution by evaporation and diluting with distilled
water, I add (drop by drop, stirring continually till all the platinum is taken
up) a sufficient quantity of essence of lavender, and I wash on a filter with
liquid ammonia diluted with water; I then mix the filtrate with red lead and
borate of led in the following proportions:-To 200 parts of platinum treated
as above described I add 60 parts of red lead and 60 parts of borate of lead; I
grind the whole up in a mortar, adding a further quantity of essence of
lavender, until it acquires the proper consistency. I employ the platiniferous
mixture as follows:-I clean the metallic surface 1 wish to coat and lay on
the mixture with a brush or otherwise; I then heat the articles to redness in
a muffle or closed furnace, and obtain after cooling a dead steel grey or

page_text: silvery surface. To obtain the bright steel grey or silvery coating I prepare
the mixture as follows:-I melt together in a crucible and then run into water
3000 parts white sand and 1200 parts red lead; I grind up the granulated
particles with distilled water and dry the powder obtained, and then mix this
well with 1000 parts Venice turpentine and 300 parts ordinary essence of
turpentine; I now take equal parts of this mixture; and of the platiniferous
mixture No. 1 before described, and after mixing them I apply the mixture
with a brush or otherwise to the surfaces I wish to coat; I then heat the
articles in a muffle or closed furnace to a red heat, and on cooling I obtain a
bright grey or silvery surface on the parts where the mixture has been
applied.
A NEW APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR THE SAVING OF LIFE AND PROPERTY FROM FIRE
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Grattan Dunn at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
July 1867.
I, HENRY GRATTAN DUNN, of 30, Durham Terrace, Camden Grove,
North Peckham, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "A NEW APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR THE SAVING OF
LIFE AND PROPERTY FROM FIRE," to be as follows:-
This apperatus can be worked in two or three minutes. This apperatus is
to be placed at the corner of streets for washing, flushing, or clensing streets
or gutteys inside or outside public or private buildings, dwellings, railway
stations, theatres, mansions, palaces, castles, factories, ships, mines, or other
structure from main pipe, sistern, or engin whichever is most convienient ;
also washing, flushing, clensing of streets, gulleys, or courts.
At the call of fire a constable, fireman, watchman, or other person opens
the door of pillar box with a key placed in the handle of his rattle, or at such
other place as may be most convienient; he then takes hatchet, rope, and
ladder, then turns or tap which supplies hoes with water; he then takes nozel
of hoes, drawing hoes after him to the place on fire; he then places ladder
for inmates to escape or for his access to building, having thrown the rope
for those above to lower any one or more persons or property, and then com-
mences playing on burning building; in a few minutes both life and property
are saved.

page_text: I will now describe the nature of my Invention to be as follows:-A, the
pillar, to revolve which may require turning stop inside; B, door to slide
inside with hooks to hold ladder, hatchet, ropes, or other articles; C, lock to
open pillar; D, kelch to prevent pillar from turning; E, centre rod to
revolve with hose from fifty yards to as many as may be requird; F, hose
with nozel and braces so as to be shortened if requird; G, tap to push down
to procure water; H, flange or stuffin box I; I can be detached if requird
for repairs; J, folding ladder with inge in centar to get in or out of building;
K, K, hatchet to break open to gain access to premise, and rope to throw to
inmates to help their escape.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph John Harrison and Edward
Harrison at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 20th September 1867.
We, JOSEPH JOHN HARRISON, of Great Clowes Street, Lower Broughton,
in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, and EDWARD HARRISON, of Lower
Broughton, in the County of Lancaster, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to that part of the carding engine called the doffer,
and consists in improved modes of removing the fleece from the doffing
cylinder. Instead of the ordinary doffing comb worked by mechanical move-
ments we employ a draught of air directed obliquely or tangentially against
the card of the doffing cylinder, either inside or out, so as to part the fleece
from the card and allow it to be delivered in the usual manner. We place
across the doffing cylinder a hollow pipe or vessel having a slit or series of
holes extending the width of the doffing cylinder and opening in a reverse
direction to the motion thereof, and place in the interior of the vessel or pipe
a perforated pipe communicating with a fan, bellows, pump, or other ordinary
contrivance for compressing air, there being taps, valves, or slides for regu-
lating the force of the draught, which passes through the slit or holes in the
vessel or pipe for parting the fleece from the card. We attain the same

page_text: object by drawing or exhausting a current of air through a revolving cage or
web placed nearly in contact with the doffing cylinder and allowing the
atmosphere to separate the fleece from the card, the exhaustion of the air
being obtained by bellows, pumps, or fans in the usual manner.
AN IMPROVED ELASTIC STRAP FOR GARMENTS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Denton Abel at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th July
1867. A communication from abroad by Phineas Taylor Barnum, of the
City and State of New York, United States of America.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED ELASTIC STRAP FOR GARMENTS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object to provide an elastic connection readily
applicable in all cases where strap fastenings are employed; it consists in
attaching a buckle to each end of a strip of elastic material, by preference a
solid piece of vulcanized india-rubber. This contrivance is applied to the
strap of the garment by cutting off the buckle, button, hook, or other con-
trivance attached thereto, and passing the one end of the strap through the
one buckle of the elastic strap, and the other end of the strap through the
other buckle thereof.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRIVING REVOLVING RETORTS AND CYLINDERS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Paul Thomas Goodwin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th.
March 1867.
I, PAUL THOMAS GOODWIN, of Camden Street, Camden Town, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRIVING REVOLVING RETORTS AND CYLINDERS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in certain improvements whereby revolving retorts.
and cylinders, such, for example, as those which are frequently employed for:
reburning animal charcoal, and in which the weight of the retort or cylinder
and its contents is borne by antifriction pulleys or rollers, are actuated and
rotated with greater facility and simplicity than bas previously been done. In
actuating such retorts or eylinders the motive power has hitherto been applied
to the retort or cylinder itself by shafting or otherwise, the atnifriction rollers.
which are placed at either end thereof being used to support the weight and
to facilitate the revolution of the retort or cylinder by means of the motive
power so applied as before mentioned.. Instead of so actuating the retort or
cylinder I apply the motive power direct by the well-known means to one or
more of the pulleys or rollers, the surface or surfaces of which work against
the surface of the retort or cylinder which is so arranged. When the power
is applied as before mentioned to one or more of the pulleys or rollers beneath-
the retort or cylinder the weight of the latter produces a sufficient amount of
adhesion to cause it to revolve. If, however, it should be thought advisable

page_text: to apply the motive power to one or more pulleys or rollers above the retort
or cylinder the requisite adhesion between the surfaces must be obtained by
the agency of weight or pressure applied to the former. By connecting the
pulleys or rollers by means of chains or gearing, as well known and under-
stood, two or more retorts or cylinders may be caused to revolve simultaneously
in accordance with this Invention, by the adoption of which much mechanism
is dispensed with and the necessity for the same avoided.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BORING HOLES IN STONE, SHALE, AND MINERALS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Love, William Armstrong,
and Levi Widdowson, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 8th October 1867.
We, FRANCIS Love, of Grosmont, WILLIAM ARMSTRONG, of The Hollies,
Grosmont, and LEVI WIDDOWSON, of Grosmont, all in the County of York,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR BORING HOLES IN STONE, SHALE, AND MINERALS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for boring
holes in stone, shale, and minerals. For this purpose we employ a drill or
auger carried at one end of a long screw; the screw works through a nut or
nuts on disc plates or other support carried by a post capable of being
lengthened or shortened so that it may be fixed between the floor and roof of
a mine, or between its sides. At the opposite end of the screw is a crank
handle, or pulley, or wheel, by which rotary motion may be given to the screw,
or the screw may be otherwise driven, a forward motion is thus imparted to the
drill or auger at the same time that it receives a revolving motion. The stem
of the drill is twisted or of a spiral form, so that the pieces cut away are by it
discharged at the mouth of the hole that is being bored. The nut, or nuts,
or other support, through which the screw works can be raised or lowered
on the post, so that the drill can be set to work at any desired height, and

page_text: the nut or nuts (on disc plate or other support) are also so mounted as to
be capable of turning on an axis at right angles to the length of the
post; the drills can thus be set at any desired angle to the face of the rock or
work.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR UNITING THE BRIMS TO HAT SHAPES OR FOUNDATIONS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexandre Martin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
August 1867.
I, ALEXANDRE MARTIN, of Middle Street, Cloth Fair, in the County of
Middlesex, Bonnet Shape Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR UNITING THE BRIMS TO
HAT SHAPES OR FOUNDATIONS," to be as follows:-
Heretofore it has been usual in uniting brims to hat shapes made of buckram
or other material containing an adhesive or gummy substance to damp the
inner edge of the brim and place it round a block similar in shape to the hat,
but generally slightly tapered, and the inside of the brim being made of the
same size as the top of the block when pressed down on the larger part of the
block will be slightly turned up all round; the edge of the shape being
damped is then placed on the block, its damped edge coming in contact with
and covering the turned up inner edge of the brim; a heated iron is then
passed round the blocked hat, the starch or other adhesive substance on the
material causing the damped edges to adhere together, thus uniting the brim
to the hat shape.
According to my Invention the edges of the brim and crown are damped aud
placed on a block in the usual way; this block is placed in a screw or lever.
press to which is attached a metal ring or hoop similar in form to the hat, and
the lower edge of which corresponds with the curve of the brim. This ring
or hoop is heated by means of small gas jets impinging on its surface from a

page_text: pipe provided with perforations attached to and encircling the said hoop, which
pipe is connected by a flexible tube with the source of supply. In order to
unite the brim to the hat shape the ring is brought down by the action of the
screw or other press so as to tightly embrace the blocked shape, its lower edge
compressing the lapping edges of the brim and head piece, the heated ring at 5
same time effecting the drying of the uniting joint while the starch or other
adhesive matter contained in the material causes the two parts to adhere
firmly together. Blocks and rings of different shapes and sizes are used
according to the form of hat to be made.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR OPENING AND CLOSING THE HEADS OF LANDAUS, BAROUCHES, AND OTHER OPEN CARRIAGES in connection with the ordinary outside joints
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander M°Kenzie at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th November
1867.
I, ALEXANDER MCKENZIE, of Grosvenor Mews, New Bond Street, in the
County of Middlesex, Coach Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR OPENING AND CLOSING THE HEADS OF
LANDAUS, BAROUCHES, AND OTHER OPEN CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of an arrangement of apparatus whereby the heads
of such carriages may be opened or closed by means of a lever or handle from
the driver's seat, the required movement being obtained by revolving "props
in connection with the ordinary outside joints.
"
I employ the ordinary joints placed diagonally outside the head, but in place
of their opening inwards, as usual, I arrange them so as to fall outwards or in
the same direction in which the head itself falls, and in place of the "elbow
prop" being a fixed cylindrical pin on which the joint moves I make it of a
square form, so that it revolves with the joint. This square "elbow prop
passes through the side of the carriage, and on the inside has a short lever
keyed at a somewhat obtuse angle to the joint. This lever is connected by
suitable connecting rods or links passing within the side of the carriage to the
lever or handle on the driver's seat in such a manner that when the lever or
handle is operated on it causes the square "elbow prop" to revolve, and the
joint turning with it opens or closes the head.

page_text: I also make the "head prop" to which the upper limb of the joint is fixed
of a square form, so that as this part moves it also causes the "head prop" to
revolve; and I fix on the square "head prop," inside the carriage, a short lever
connected by a link to the top part of the head in such a manner that as the
head falls or rises the top part thereof is folded or unfolded simultaneously.
It will of course be understood that the "elbow and head props" although
square have cylindrical journals turning in suitable bearings attached to the
side of the carriage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Brown Wilson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
August 1867.
I, EDWARD BROWN WILSON, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FURNACES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to that description of furnace for which Letters
Patent were granted to me on the Second of December, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-five, No. 3095, and has for its object the further facilitating
of the descent of the fuel and the clearing of the furnace as well as the
obtainment of more perfect combustion.
The said Invention consists partly in imparting a rocking motion to the
inclined cast-iron plate which carries the fuel. In furnaces constructed as
described in the Specification of my said Patent, No. 3095/65, I rock this
plate by a lever or any well-known mechanical contrivance, by which means
the fuel is agitated and assisted to descend, thus giving a continual stream of
gas into the working chamber and improving the combustion. The grid may
be rocked in the same manner, and an iron plate may be continued above the
grid (if such be used), if not, above the opening, and likewise rocked so as to
assist the descent of the fuel. I also make the bottom of the fuel chamber in
one or more-pieces,-which-are-lowered-and-raised-by-a-lever or other well-
known mechanical contrivance; but before lowering the bottom plates should
be inserted in order to keep up the fuel, or this may be sometimes done by

page_text: lifting the lower part of the bottom plates in such a manner as to retain the
fuel in its position; by this arrangement the furnace is easily cleaned out. I
introduce water into the upper hot-air chamber by a pipe or in a trough, or
any other convenient manner, to be evaporated by the incandescent fuel; and
I introduce water on to the bottom of the fuel chamber, dishing it so as to
cause it to retain the same. The steam or vapour of water passes into the
furnace and is burnt with the fuel, the quantity being under regulation by a
tap or any well-known contrivance.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN CRINOLINE SKIRTS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Léonce Bernard Schmolle at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th June 1867.
I, LÉONCE BERNARD SCHMOLLE, of Aldermanbury, in the City of London,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CRINOLINE SKIRTS," to be as follows:-
According to my improvements in skirts for distending ladies' dresses I
make the skirt to slope away in a curved line towards the bottom on both
sides from a point in front below the waist, instead of making the skirt of the
same length all round in the usual way. In this manner complete freedom of
movement is allowed to the limbs at all times, while the skirt is also much
more conveniently adapted for a sitting position. The skirt is made open and
wrapped round the body, and then fastened in front by three or four buttons
only. It is also provided with steels round the back part of the skirt in the
usual way, the bottom one forming a demi-hoop, which is carried some little
distance up the slopes on either side towards the front.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CENTRIFUGAL SUGAR MACHINES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd April 1867. A communication from abroad by Alexander Mackey,
of the City of New York, and Eberhard Müller, of Williamsburg, both
in the State of New York, United States of America.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CENTRIFUGAL SUGAR MACHINES," to
be as follows:
The object of this Invention is to increase the efficiency of centrifugal sugar
machinery, and it consists in the employment of a circular partition placed
within and concentric with the revolving cylinder of the machine, and com-
posed like it of wire cloth or other perforated material, by which means the
sugar is kept near the periphery of the cylinder so as to insure the full benefit
of the centrifugal force generated by the rapid rotation thereof.
The Invention also consists in the employment of a circular platform for
the bottom of the vessel and a lid for the top, both of which are provided with
a circular flange for the purpose of retaining the partition in its place. The
machine as thus improved may be used either for purifying or raising the
grade of raw sugar by the application of steam or washing with warm or cold
water, or for drying it after it has undergone the processes of boiling and
granulating as in the usual method of refining.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HYDRATE AND CARBONATES OF SODA
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George White at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th June
1867. A communication from abroad by Mr. Filippo Blan, Telegraphical
Engineer, of Turin, Italy.
I, GEORGE WHITE, of 68, Queen Street; Cheapside, in the City of London,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HYDRATE AND CARBONATES OF SODA," a com-
munication from abroad by Mr. Filippo Blan, Telegraphical Engineer, of Turin,
Italy, to be as follows:-
These improvements in the manufacture of either hydrate of soda or caustic
soda, or of carbonate or bicarbonate of soda relate, 1ly, to the application in
this manufacture of either the hydrated oxides of iron or of zinc, or carbonates
of these latter; 2ly, to certain modes of recovering hydrated oxides of iron or
of zinc from the sulphuret of iron or of zine resulting from the said treatment.
For manufacturing hydrate of soda or caustic soda either hydrated oxide of
iron or of zinc (the latter by preference) is added in atomic proportions
according to the laws of chemical equivalents to an aquous solution of.
sulphuret of sodium, whereas if carbonate or bicarbonate of soda is to be-
obtained carbonate of iron or of zinc is added to the said solution. In both
cases a precipitate of sulphuret of iron or of zinc is formed, and if the hydrated
oxide has been made use of a solution of bydrate of soda is obtained, whereas
if the carbonate has been employed a solution of carbonate or bicarbonate of
soda is the result, from which solutions the caustic soda or the carbonate or

page_text: bicarbonate of soda may be obtained. From the precipitated sulpburet of iron
or of zinc bydrated oxide of the said metals subservient for another operation
may be obtained by the following means:-lly, dissolve the sulphuret or
hydrochloric acid, and from the resulting metallic chloride precipitate the
hydrated oxide by means of lime or magnesia; or, 2ly, dissolve the sulphuret
in sulphuric acid, making use of the resulting sulphate for the manufacture of
sulphate of soda by double decomposition with chloride of sodium, and from
the chloride of iron or zinc thus obtained recover the hydrated oxide by means
of lime or magnesia; or, 3ly, dissolve the sulphuret in sulphurous acid, and
from the resulting byposulphite precipitate the bydrated oxide by means of
lime or magnesia.
AN ECONOMICAL SYSTEM OF RAISING RUNNING WATERS WITH APPARATUSES FIXED OR CARRIED ON BOATS, AND WITHOUT DAMS OR STEAM ENGINES, BUT BY THE SIMPLE USE OF THE FORCE PRODUCED BY THE CURRENT OF A RIVER OR WATERCOURSE
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th June 1867.-A communication from abroad by Alphonse Lalauze,
of St. Peray, (Ardèche,) France, Advocate.
1, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Milddesex, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
ECONOMICAL SYSTEM OF RAISING RUNNING WATERS WITH APPARATUSES FIXED OR
CARRIED ON BOATS, AND WITHOUT DAMS OR STEAM ENGINES, BUT BY THE SIMPLE
USE OF THE FORCE PRODUCED BY THE CURRENT OF A RIVER OR WATERCOURSE,"
(a communication to me from abroad by Alphonse Lalauze, of St. Peray,
(Ardèche,) France, Advocate,) to be as follows:-
"
Hitherto agriculture has turned to account for irrigation only such waters
as run at a higher level than that of the lands to be watered; in this case use
is simply made of the slope of the ground to distribute the waters, but it often
happens that the land to be watered is higher than the current, and it
then becomes impossible to irrigate. Struck with this difficulty, and also
impressed with a conviction of the absolute necessity to agriculture of pro-
curing water in certain localities, the Inventor proposes to profit by the
working power constantly and uselessly developed by rivers and streams for.
raising the waters intended for irrigation, and for watering towns.
The Inventor is aware that this working power bas already been turned to
account for certain industrial purposes, in flour and saw mills, for example,

page_text: but the characteristic of this Invention is the novel application of this power
to the raising of water for irrigation, and for watering towns.
This application of the power of rivers and streams presents the following
advantages- -Firstly, much greater and indefinitely renewable volumes of
water will be furnished to agriculture, to towns requiring water, and for
industrial purposes than can be obtained by damming or barring rivers;
secondly, the possibility of irrigating many lands never as yet irrigated, and
of rendering them by this means suitable for cultivation, for which they were
not previously adapted; thirdly, of obtaining these immense volumes of water
at a cost largely covered by the result produced by this new method of
irrigation; fourthly, of using these waters in certain cases for industrial
purposes, either for producing motive power, or to be used for various
purposes.
To conclude, this Invention consists in the application of the mechanical
power which may be drawn from streams and rivers to raise waters intended
for agricultural irrigations, the use of towns, or for industrial purposes, what-
ever may be the system of apparatus used for raising the water, and the fixed
motors, or those in boats, serving to set such apparatus in motion.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN CINDER SIFTERS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Alexander Smyth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th September
1867.
I, JOHN ALEXANDER SMYTH, of Kingstown, near Dublin, Ireland, Iron-
monger, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CINDER SIFTERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in combining and arranging the parts of cinder
sifters in the manner herein-after described, whereby great simplicity in con-
struction and efficiency in action are secured. The box or case of the cinder
sifter consists of an oblong rectangular chamber supported on four legs. The
said box or case is surmounted by a hopper into which the cinders to be sifted
are put. The bottom of the said hopper opens over the top of the sieve which
is situated within the case. The said sieve is supported upon a pivot near the
middle of its under side upon which pivot the said sieve is capable of perform-
ing an oscillating motion. The said sieve is inclined, the end on which the
cinders are received from the hopper being the highest point. Underneath the
sieve is a drawer into which when the sifter is in operation the ash falls and
immediately under the bottom end of the sieve is an opening in the bottom of the
box or case, from which opening when the sifter is in operation the cinders
fall. In that end of the box or case at which the upper end of the sieve is
situated is an axis worked by a winch. The inner end of this axis carries a

page_text: wheel with a series of large teeth or tappets. When the winch is turned
the said teeth or tappets strike against the upper end of the sieve, forcing it
away from the said axis. A spring connected with the end of the case and
top of the sieve produces the return motion of the sieve. By turning the said
winch there is thus produced an oscillatory motion of the sieve upon its pivot.
In using the cinder sifter a scuttle of mixed cinders and ashes is put into the
hopper and the empty scuttle is placed under the before-mentioned hole in the
bottom of the box or case, the winch is turned a few times, when the oscillatory
motion given to the sieve causes the cinders to roll down the said sieve and
fall from its lower end through the opening in the case into the empty scuttle,
the ash at the same time passing through the meshes of the sieve into the
drawer. As the sifting takes place within the enclosed box or case no dust is
produced during the working of the sifter.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO CAP FRAMES' EMPLOYED IN SPINNING WORSTED OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Feather at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th October
1867.
I, JAMES FEATHER, of Howarth, near Keighley, in the County of York, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR
APPLICABLE TO CAP FRAMES' EMPLOYED IN SPINNING WORSTED OR OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to that class of spinning machinery technically
known as "cap frames," and the improvements consist in the application of
a small flyer mounted and capable of rotating on a pin at the top of each cap.
The yarn to be spun is caused to pass through a tweezle in one arm of this
flyer in its passage to the bobbin, by which the flyer is driven or carried around,
and thereby a drag is put upon the yarn.
By this Invention I am enabled to spin on cap frames "lustre yarns" or
yarns which hitherto could not be spun on "cap frames."
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DEPURATING OR CHANGING THE CONDITION OF FLUIDS IN PROCESS OF DECANTATION
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Needham and James Kite
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 23rd November 1867.
We, WILLIAM NEEDHAM and JAMES KITE, both of Vauxhall, in the County
of Surrey, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DEPURATING OR CHANGING THE CONDITION OF
FLUIDS IN PROCESS OF DECANTATION," to be as follows:-
The object of our Invention is to intercept all substances held in suspension
and to purify fluids of every kind in their passage from one vessel to another
by means of a portable filtering apparatus adapted between them.
Our filtering apparatus consists essentially of a chamber containing one or
more filtering cloths, and having on its exterior connecting tubes and cocks by
which it is placed in connection with the casks or other vessels, and through
which the fluid is admitted to and withdrawn from its interior.
To more clearly demonstrate our Invention we will describe the construction
and operation of an apparatus on this principle specially arranged for the
bottling of fluids. It consists of a chamber composed of two metal plates of a
circular or other shape, one of them being slightly dished and the other grooved
on one of its faces, both being tapped, the one to receive a union joint, the other
an ordinary cock; between the concave face of the one plate and the grooved

page_text: face of the other are two or more cloths overlapping slightly the edges of the
plates and so firmly compressed between their rims by bolts and nuts or screws
as to form a perfect hydraulic joint. The union joint on the convex side of
the dished plate being attached to the cock inserted in the vessel the content
of which is to be decanted, this cock is opened and the fluid passes into the
chamber formed by the dished plate, then through the cloths, which intercept
all the foreign bodies held in suspension, and finally by the grooved channels
in the opposite plate to the cock by which the now clarified liquid is drawn off
into the bottle.
In some cases it is preferable to make the filtering chamber of a tubular
shape, in which case the cloths form a bag into which the fluid flows from the
upper vessel, filtering through it into a tube which conducts the clarified
liquid to the vessel into which it is to be decanted.
It will be evident that our Invention is in no way dependent upon any
particular size or shape of filtering chamber and that its means of connection
with the casks or other vessels must be modified to suit the outlet and inlet
orifices with which they are provided. The filtering chamber should always be
made in two parts easily separable, in order that the cloths may be removed
and cleansed when clogged with impurities, unless the chamber be of tubular
shape, when the cloth can be withdrawn by one of its ends.
Charcoal or any other ingredient may be introduced into the filtering
chamber of this apparatus to act upon the fluid in process of decantation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSES FOR CUTTING PAPER
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Robert Burn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd July
1867.
I, JAMES ROBERT BURN, of No. 37, Kirby Street, Hatton Garden, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSES FOR CUTTING PAPER ":-
One part of this Invention has for its object to do away with the necessity
of screwing down the pressing bar of paper-cutting presses by hand every
time before cutting by causing the machine to effect this automatically.
For this purpose I attach the pressing bar to a screw spindle which
passes through a tapped boss on a strong lever, the fulcrum of which is
supported by the framing, while the end of the lever is connected to a rod
which is so actuated by a can driven by the machine that the lever and
consequently the pressing bar is depressed whenever required to nip the
paper, and then raised to release the paper. The fulcrum of the lever may
be so arranged that the depressing of the bar is either effected directly by
the cam or by a weight, in which latter case the raising of the lever is
effected by the can. As the extent to which the pressing bar is raised and
lowered by the cam is always the same its position is varied according to
the thickness of the layer of paper required to be cut by screwing the screw
spindle to which it is attached either up or down in the boss of the lever,
for which purpose the spindle is provided with a wheel or lever to turn it by.
In order to allow for any inequalities in the thickness of the pile of paper
to be cut when the screw spindle has been set to such thickness the rod

page_text: whereby the motion is imparted is attached to the lever by means of a spring,
which affords a certain amount of elasticity to the pressure.
Another part of my Invention consists in arranging the gauge against
which the paper is set before cutting to turn back on a hinge, so as to allow
of the paper being removed from behind the machine after having been cut
instead of having to draw it out in front as heretofore. For this purpose
the gauge is connected to the table at one end by a hinge, and is secured in
its position by means of a spring catch, which is withdrawn by the attendant
behind the machine when it is desired to remove the paper after cutting.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM COOKING AND BAKING APPARATUS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Graveley and
James Ewing at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 15th March 1867.
We, WILLIAM HENRY GRAVELEY and JAMES EWING, of Upper East Smithfield,
in the County of Middlesex, Engineers and Manufacturers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM COOKING AND
BAKING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in constructing steam cooking and baking apparatus
as hereafter described. We construct a vertical or other boiler with apertures
at two opposite sides for allowing the heat after heating the boiler to pass
under hot plates and round ovens for roasting or other purpose. Behind the
boiler we construct a series of superposed baking ovens, the bottoms of which
are composed of tubes or hollow plates, through which the steam from the
boiler passes so as to heat the ovens. The steam after heating these ovens
may next be utilized for heating coppers, and any steam which may be
condensed is conducted to a tank below from which it may be again supplied
to the boiler; the same water being thus used continually all incrustation is
avoided. The products of combustion after heating the hot plates and roasting
ovens are carried up flues at the angles of the boiler and thence into the
uptake. Small boilers for heating liquid for ordinary purposes and heated by
the steam may be placed above or alongside the baking oveus, or at other
convenient part. A small engine is fitted to feed the boiler with water from
the tank before referred to or other source of supply.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FULLING MACHINES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Ramsden, Leeming Webster,
and Joseph Walker at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 2nd October 1867.
We, GEORGE RAMSDEN, of Dewsbury, in the County of York, Millwright,
LEEMING WEBSTER, of Batley Carr, Dewsbury, Millwright, and JOSEPH WALKER,
of Heckmonwike, in the same County, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FULLING MACHINES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention realates to machines for fulling or milling woollen textile
fabrics, and the improvements consist in the employment of a flanged cylinder
and two, three, or more pressing rollers applied thereto at different points of
its circumference, betwixt which the fabrics are caused to pass in a crimpled
or crumpled state as they issue from the ordinary squeezing rollers or from a
conducting spout, into which they are pushed, and thereby crimpled or
crumpled. By this means the fulling of fabrics is effected with much greater
facility than heretofore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR CONSUMING SMOKE
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Sadler, of Chiddingfold, near Godalming,
in the County of Surrey, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FURNACES FOR CONSUMING SMOKE."
Sealed the 30th August 1867, and dated the 15th June 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Sadler at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th June
1867.
I, CHARLES SADLER, of Chiddingfold, near Godalming, in the County of
Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR CONSUMING SMOKE," to be as follows:-
Various plans have been resorted to for introducing steam in the form of
jets or otherwise into furnaces either for consuming the smoke or for
increasing or improving the combustion of the fuel, but hitherto the means
employed for introducing steam into furnaces have not been found of much
practical utility for such purposes. Now, according to my improvements, in
place of injecting steam into the chamber of the furnace containing the fuel,
as practised in some arrangements, I cause numerous jets of steam to be

page_text: injected from the outer surface or ash-pit between the fire-bars, so as to pass
through the burning fuel into the furnace.
In carrying my Invention into practice I prefer to arrange a coil of pipe a
few inches below or at a short distance from the fire-bars which support the
fuel. This steam pipe is perforated with numerous small holes opposite the
spaces between the fire-bars, steam being conducted from the steam chest of
the boiler or from the exhaust pipe of a steam engine or otherwise, so as to be
injected in small but numerous jets through the spaces between the fire-bars into
the furnace, whereby smoke is in a great measure avoided and the formation
of "clinkers" upon the fire-bars prevented, a greater heat and more perfect
combustion of the fuel being obtained; the rapid destruction of the fire-bars is
also by this means prevented.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, AND SUN-SHADES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Eden Waddington at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th March 1867.
I, RICHARD EDEN WADDINGTON, of Plymouth, in the County of Devon,
Umbrella Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, AND SUN-SHADES," to be as
follows:-
It has been found that when umbrellas and such like articles are constructed
in the ordinary manner the ribs of the frame are liable to become entangled
and catch one within the other and thus prevent the umbrella or parasol from
opening. I propose to remedy this defect by adapting to the cane or stick of
the article an elastic or spring pad, which if placed immediately below the
wheel or ring to which the ribs are jointed will keep the ribs slightly apart,
so that there will be no chance of their eatching one behind the other. This
spring pad I prefer to construct of vulcanized india-rubber in the form of a
round ring, which may be made of a colour to correspond with or be comple-
mentary to the colour of the silk or fabric with which the frame is to be
covered. In addition to this round ring pad for expanding the ribs I adapt
to the runner another ring pad of a square or rectangular sectional area; this
ring should be made of somewhat larger diameter than the runner wheel to
which the stretchers are jointed; by this means a soft pad will be provided
which will prevent the hard ends of the metal stretchers from unduly wearing
out the silk or other cover.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PROTECTING THE EYES FROM WIND, DUST, SNOW, AND THE INCLEMENCY OF THE WEATHER
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Adeane at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th November
1867.
I, HENRY ADEANE, of 108, Stanhope Street, Hampstead Rd., London,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PROTECTING THE EYES FROM WIND, DUST, SNOW, AND
THE INCLEMENCY OF THE WEATHER," to be as follows:-
My Invention has reference to an improved apparatus for protecting the
eyes from wind, dust, snow, & the inclemency of the weather, & consists of a
metallic frame, the upper part of which is fitted to the forehead, the middle
portion projecting over the eyes, and a third or lower part declining to &
resting on the nose & face, also a piece joined by means of pivots or hinges
at each end of the forehead clip, for the purpose of fixing the frame to the
head, & also for the adapting of the whole to various sized faces. At each side
of the frame a movable stay or bracket is provided for the purpose of firmley
keeping the frame extended, the frame to be made with either pivots or
hinges capable of being folded when not in use. The whole or part to be
covered with gauze, nett, or other suitable material, whether transparent or
otherwise, for the protection of the eyes. The apparatus herein-tofore
described is or may be enclosed in a suitable case, so that it may be con-
veniently carried in the pocket when not required to be worn.