Improvements in and relating to the Manufacture of Sugar, and in Apparatus therefor or connected therewith.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 13th July, 1891
Complete Specification Left, 13th Apr., 1882-Accepted, 14th May, 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to the Manufacture of Sugar, and in
Apparatus therefor or connected therewith.
I, ROBERT HARVEY, of the firm of McOnic, Harvey and Company, Engineers,
Scotland Street, Glasgow, Lanarkshire, do hereby declare the nature of my inven-
tion to be as follows:-
This invention consists mainly or essentially in a new or improved method of, or
mode or means and appliances for, producing, in a new or improved construction of
machine, which I technically call a "pulverising machine," dry granulated or fine
grain sugar from the syrups after they are discharged from the concentrating pans.
leaving no molasses or other liquid to be subsequently removed, in contradistinction
to the mode and means heretofore employed of discharging the concentrated liquor
from the pan into crystallising coolers, or into centrifugal machines as heretofore,
and which leave molasses or uncrystallised liquids to be drained off. These
improvements being specially applicable for the treatment of the concentrated
syrups from cane sugars on the sugar estates; or for the subsequent treatment of
various sugars or concentrated syrups sent from these estates for the purpose of
being conveyed to and treated in a separate factory, in this new or improved
process and apparatus. This invention or its improvements have many advantages
over the modes and means heretofore employed, as it turns the whole of the
concentrated syrup into a fine small grained dry white sugar sweeter than the
ordinary crystallised sugars without leaving any molasses or liquid to be subse-
quently removed or drained off.
The construction and action of this new or improved sugar "pulverising" or
drying and granulating machine for treating the concentrated syrup in accordance
with the improvements of this invention consist generally according to one arrange-
ment, as follows.
This apparatus or machine cousists of an outer cast iron hollow circular vessel,
preferably with a strong outer basement flange and snugs for securing it to any
suitable foundation, and made of an annular shape, that is, with an annular bottom
and a cylindrical centre with a circular vertical wall as high as the outer wall of
the vessel, and with broad turned and faced flanges on top of both the outer
and inner walls. On these flanges a deep inner annular vessel would be fitted,
jointed, and bolted by corresponding outer flanges at its top edges, and preferably
formed of brass, to receive the concentrated sacharated syrup or liquid to be treated.
This inner vessel would extend down to near the bottom of the outer vessel, to which
it would be bolted and stayed, but leaving a close steam heating or jacketted space
between the bottoms and vertical annular walls of both vessels. From opposite
sides of the top flanges of the outer vessel strong supporting brackets would be
formed to support vertical side frames or standards, bolted to them, and with flanges
at top to support a transverse cross frame right across and over the duplex vessels
below. This upper cross frame might be made open, with transverse webs to
support the driving gear as hereinafter described. A vertical shaft is fitted to
rotate in a footstep bearing in the upper central part of the lower outer vessel, and
concentric to the inner sugar vessel, and in bush bearings in the said upper cross
frame, and be driven from mitre or bevel wheels at top from a first motion horizontal
shaft carried in bush bearing pillow blocks mounted on the transverse webs of the
said cross frame, preferably fitted with fast and loose driving belt pulleys on it at its
outer end and with a belt shifting fork bar, fitted above at one side of pulleys and a
vertical actuating hand lever projecting down at side of column. On the said
central vertical shaft two cross frames would be keyed and mounted by strong deep

page_text: eyes over each other right across the whole annular sugar treating vessel, the one
some distance below the upper cross frame, and the other some little distance above
the annular vessel. At the outer ends of the upper frame, and near the outer ends
of the lower frame journal bearings would be fitted to receive two vertical shafts
rotating loose in them in line with the centre of the annular vessel on opposite sides,
and driven and actuated as and for the purposes hereinafter described. At the
outer ends of the lower frame, secured on the centre shaft, a U-shaped frame with
broad vertical side stems and cross bar between them below would be bolted by
flanges at the upper ends of the stems to plain parts on the under side of the ends of
the frame and set at an angle and preferably with the outer stem of this U frame
in advance of the inner stem and be so constructed that the outer advanced edges
of these vertical stems would be angled to form scrapers, to scrape the sugar, off
the inner surface of the outer and inner walls of the annular vessel, and the cross
bar at the bottom would be so angled and sharpened as to scrape the bottom of the
annular vessel, all' as the lower cross frame rotates with the central, shaft. The
upper end of the two vertical shafts carried loose in the ends of the cross frames
would have spur pinions keyed on them, gearing into a larger stationary central spur
wheel bolted to the centre of the under side of the upper cross: frame. concentrically
to the central shaft, so that as this and its frame revolved, the said two side vertical
shafts would be driven in the same direction as the central-shaft, which actuates the
said U-shaped scrapers but preferably at a much faster speed than these, as say if
the central shaft goes at thirty per minuto the side shafts may rotate at forty-five,
but these speeds may be varied. On the lower end of each of these vertical side.
shafts a disc, is screwed or keyed, to rotate below and clear of the lower frame aud
above the top of the sugar vessel; its outer periphery being turned; and working
clear of the inside of the vertical stems of the scrapers, and having the upper ends
of four angled vertical bars or it might be other number, bolted to it at equal
distances apart, the lower ends of these bars being screwed to a light ring, working
just clear of the lower transverse scraper before referred to. "These four vertical
bars which I term "beaters" or agitators work with their outer surface nearly
close up to the vertical scrapers so that no sugar can collect on them, and the
advanced edges are angled and project forward towards the inner surface which
works close up to two inner vertical" prongs "or scrapers formed or fitted to project
up from the bottom transverse scraper and so prevent any collection of sugar on the
inner surface of these beaters. These two "prongs" or scrapers are each formed
with a groove or slot on their inner face. opposite to each other, to receive a
portable wooden board or door which is placed therein after the sugar has been
granulated in order to carry the sugar round to discharge it through the plug valve
in the bottom of the annular vessel to be hereinafter described. The scrapers also
while cleaning the surface of the heating vessel' and beaters also direct the sugar
towards the beaters or agitators. The jacketted' space between the outer and inner
vessel is fitted with a branch and stop valve to admit exliaust or live steam for
heating the inner vessel and drying the sugar, and with a safety valve on one side
to prevent over pressure, and a drawing off branch to trap below for taking away
all condensed steam and water from the lower part of the jacketted space. The
lower part of the inner vessel is fitted with a large plug valve opening outwards
down through the bottom of both vessels, and actuated by a lever fulcrumed to and
projecting out from below the outer vessel, to let out the sugar when fully treated
into a delivery spout below at one side.
The action of the apparatus and node of forming the sugar is as follows:
The concentrated sweet syrup is fed into the annular vessel by a branch pipe
and valve, hot from the concentrating pan, at the usual density for forming
sugar, in charges to about half fill the vessel or so, as say from 5 to 10 inches
deep, when the first motion shaft of the machine would then be set on to actuate
the central shaft which would carry round the radial frames and scrapers, before
referred to, and actuate the side vertical shafts and internal beaters or agitators
which would thus agitate the concentrated syrup while it was being crystallised

page_text: and dried by the heat of the steam admitted to the jacket between the vessels,
and would be thus treated in the machine until the whole sugar liquid was
formed into fine dry, white granular or grained sugar, when the steam would be
shut off and the discharge plug in the bottom would be opened by its lever,
and the rotating of the scrapers would discharge the sugar down through the
plug valve into the discharge shoot below, from which it would run into the
hopper end of a horizontal or angled rotating cylindrical sieve through which
the granular sugar would all pass into a case below, and any small lumps not
granulated would be discharged at the lower open end of the cylinder into
portable boxes to be thrown back along with the next charge into the pulvorising
and granulating machine.
One general arrangement for carrying out the whole process of this invention
on a factory system, for which it is most suited, as say for treating all kinds
of raw or coarse sugars direct from the plantations consists in delivering the
sugars, as they are brought into the factory, into a hopper or receiver vessel
fitted with chain and bucket elevators, which would raise the sugar to a suitablo
level to be filled; in charges, into an open "blow up" pan fitted in an upper
flat of the buildings where. sufficient water would be added to molt the sugar
into a syrup for heating and filtering. This blow up pan would preferably be
of an improved construction having an outer cylindrical vessel of cast iron below
with an inner copper or brass vessel fitted and jointed on the top flanges of the
outer cast iron vessel with angled sides and domed up bottom reaching down at
the circumference to near the bottom of the cast iron vessel to which it would
be stayed, leaving an annular or jacketted steam heating space between the
outer cast iron vessel and the sides and bottom of the inner copper vessel. On
the top of the flanges of this inner copper vessel a continuation single copper
or brass vessel or cylindrical shell is mounted twice the depth or so of the
jacketted lower heating part of the vessel. Round the inner circumference of
the lower part of this duplex heating vessel, a helical steam pips of five coils
or BO is fitted carried on three or more vertical gripping glands secured to the
sides of the vessel. The upper end of this coil is connected by a branch through
the body of the upper vessel to the exhaust or it may be live steam pipes from
the engine and boiler of the factory, while the lower end of this coil pipe
would pass out by a coupling branch through the bottom of both vessels to a
trap for conveying away all condensed steam and water from it. The lower
part or shell of the outer cast iron vessel might be continued down as an open
frame with lower flanges and snugs to be carried on any suitable beams.or
foundation in the factory, at a sufficient height to draw off the liquid by
gravitation into suitable receiving cisterns at the side, and this outer lower
shell would have inner radial brackets projecting up between the openings
through it to support the bottom of the outer vessel. This vessel would be
fitted with two discharge branches and cooks, preferably with flanges bolted on
below the outer vessel, the one projecting up an inch or more above the lower
part of the inner vessel to draw off all the liquor into said tank leaving the
sediment in the bottom of the inner vessel, and it might be the scum floating
above. The other branch would be fitted flush with the bottom of the inner
vessel so as to draw off all sediment and scum washed away from the inside of
the vessel by
a little water admitted for the purpose, to a suitable cistern for
retaining this rofuse for after treatment. The flange of this lower cast iron
vessel would have strong projecting brackets on each for bolting the lower
flanges of standards to project up a considerable distance above the liquor
vessel, and carrying a cross beam on their upper ends, which cross beam would
carry the upper bush bearing of a central shaft having its footstep working in
a step bearing in the centre of the bottom of the inner vessel. This shaft
would be driven by bevel wheels at its upper end from a horizontal first motion
shaft carried in pillow blocks on the upper side of the cross beam driven by belt
pulleys on its outer end. At the lower end of this central shaft cross agitating

page_text: "
arms would be mounted, the lower one having its angled arms bent down close to
the dome shape of the bottom of the vessel to prevent deposit, while the upper
one would be mounted with its angled arms, which might be straight at right
angles to the lower one. This melting and agitating "blow up" arrangement may
be made to suit two sets of the subsequent filtering, concentrating; and pulverising
appliances, arranged beyond it on each side of the building, and discharge ench
charge of the mixed sugar liquor into a shallow transverse vessel ranged and
ncross over one end of a long general receiving vessel fitted at one side of the
"blow up
vessel. This short transverse vessel would be fitted with a closely
perforated bottom with portable frame of filtering cloth close over the perforated
plate so that this vessel would catch all rough impurities, and the cloth frame
could be removed and cleaned from time to time as required. Pipes would be
fitted from this lower vessel with branches and cocks leading to each of two double
rets of vertical animal charcoal filters having open tops below the level of snid
vessel. Above the lower conical discharge end of each filter a perforated disc
plate is fitted, preferably in segments, with filter cloth over it so as to be easily
removed from time to time for cleaning through a lateral door, formed in the lower
section of the filter cylinder, and used for removing the charcoal. Filter cloth
may also be fitted to a portable ring frame at the top of the filter over the charcoal.
The liquor is drawn off from the lower part of either or both filters of a set, by
pipes rising to a single branch, leading to a supply charging cistern above the level
of the concentrating pan, but very considerably below the top level of the filters to
give the current or run of the liquor through these by gravitation. One concen-
trating pan may be sufficient for each double set of filters, and is arranged with its
bottom on a higher level than the top of the annular vessel of the pulverising
machine and is of a size sufficient to evaporate and concentrate enough for one
charge of the pulveriser at a time, while the pulverising machine was granulating
the previous charge. This concentrating pan may be in the form of a simple open
cylindrical pan with an outer cast iron cylindrical shell and bottom, with turned
flange on top and basement supporting flange below, with an inner brass or copper
boiling vessel with its sides tapering inwards from its top flange, jointed by an
upper ring to the upper flange of the cast iron vessel, to its bottom, which would be
domed up and stayed from the bottom of the cast iron vessel leaving a steam
jacketted heating space all round the sides and under the bottom of this heating
vessel. A copper or brass serpentine or spiral steam heating pipe fitted on radial
bearing blocks inside and a few inches off the domed bottom of the inner vessel.
The steam entering through a coupling steam branch passed up through the
bottoms of the cast iron and brass vessels, having the outer and lower circum-
ferential end of the coil passed-out by a small coupling discharge branch through
the bottom of both vessels to lead all the condensed steam or water to a trap
outside. A steam branch would also be led into one side of the outer cast iron
vessel to fill the jacketted space between the outer and inner vessels, and the inner
vessel would be fitted with a discharge branch through its lowest bottom part for
carrying off the saturated condensed sugar liquid, as before described, to the
pulverising machine. All these steam and liquid pipes would be fitted with
special taps and valves for controlling the admission and emission of the fluids, and
high pressure-steam from the boiler direct would preferably be used for heating the
inner coil and jacketted space of this concentrating pan, and the jacketted space
both of this pan and the "blow up" pan, before described, would be fitted with
spring or londed safety valves and with air cocks, to be opened from time to time
as desired, and with drain brauches and cocks leading to traps.
When it is not desired to raise the sugar by chain and bucket elevators to the
higher floors of the buildings, and to erect the sugar melting and blow up pans and
filtering cistern on a level high enough to supply the saccharine liquor to the
charcoal filters by gravitation, these might be fitted on a lower level of the factory,
and the liquor pumped up from the filtering vessel before described, to the filters
or to a cistern above the filters for supplying these. Although the filters have

page_text: .
been described as open at top they might be closed in and have the liquid forced
through the filters, and although the concentrating pans have also been described
as open boiling pans they might be made in the form of close vacuum pans, and
work all otherwise substantially as described in connection with the new or
improved pulverising machine for producing this new or improved granular or find
grain sugar.
...
T
1601
W. R. M. THOMSON & Co.,
96, Buchanan Street, Glasgow, Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to the Manufacture of Sugar, and in
Apparatus therefor or connected therewith.
1, ROBERT HARVEY, of the firm of M'Onie, Harvey and Company, Engineers,
Scotland Street, Glasgow, Lanarkshire, do hereby declare the nature of my invention;
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement in writing, that is to say :—
This invention consists mainly or essentially in a new or improved method of, or
mode or means and appliances for producing in a new or improved construction of
machine which I technically call a "pulverising machine" dry granulated or fine
grain sugar from the syrup after being discharged from the concentrating pans,
thus bringing all the syrup into a fine granulated dry sugar at one operation; in
contradistinction to the mode and means heretofore employed of discharging the
concentrated liquor from the pans, in most cases already grained partially in the
condition known as massacuite, into coolers or into centrifugal machines, which
instead of bringing to grain the syrup, which in contact with the crystals already
made from massacuite, it is either drained off or driven off by centrifugal action
thus necessitating the reboiling of this syrup to form crystals.
These improvements are specially applicable for the treatment of the con-
centrated syrup from cane and beetroot sugars; or for the subsequent treatineut
of various sugars or concentrated syrup sent from sugar estates for the purpose of
being conveyed to and treated in a separate factory, in this new or improved
process and apparatus.
This invention, or its improvements has many advantages over the modes and
means heretofore employed, as it turns the whole of the concentrated syrup into a
fine grained dry white sugar of a uniform high quality, and does not leave any
secondary products to be worked up.
And in order that my said invention and the manner of performing or carrying
the same into effect or practice may be properly understood, I have hereunto
appended three explanatory sheets of drawings in which the same reference letters
are used to indicate corresponding parts in all the figures where shown.
Figures 1 and 2 on Sheet 1, are an elevation and plan respectively, both partly
in section, of a sugar pulverising or drying and granulating machine, as constructed
in accordance with one arrangement of my improvements. And Figure 3 represents
a detached sectional elevation and sectional end view and plan respectively of one
of the rotating scrapers and beaters. And Figures 4 and 5 ou Sheets 2 and 3
represent a general side elevation and plan view respectively of a sugar refinery as
fitted up and worked in accordance with my improvements.
Referring first to Figures 1 to 3 on Sheet 1 of these drawings:-The construction
and action of this new or improved sugar "pulverising" or drying and granulating
machine for treating the concentrated syrup in accordance with the improvements
of this invention consist generally according to this arrangement as follows:-The
apparatus or machine consists of an outer cast iron hollow circular vessel A,
preferably with a strong outer basement flange and snugs at A" for securing it to
any suitable foundation, and made of a deep annular shape, that is, with an anmilar

page_text: .
•
bottom at A', some distance. up from the basement flange A", and a cylindrical
central eye 4, with a circular. vertical wall as high as the outer wall of the
vessel, and with broad turned and faced flanges ou top of both the outer and inner
walls. On these flanges a deep inner annular vessel A' is fitted, jointed, and
bolted by corresponding outer Hanges at its top edges, and preferably formed of
brass, to receive the concentrated' saccharated syrup or liquid to be treated. This
inner vessel A' extends down to near the bottom A', of the outer vessel A, to
which it is bolted and stayed, but leaving a close steam heating or jacketed
space A between the bottoms and vertical annular walls of both vessels A, A'.
From opposite sides of the top flanges of the outer vessel A, strong supporting
brackets A, are formed to support vertical side frames or štandards B, bolted to
them, and with flanges B' at top to support a transverse cross frame 13' right across
and over the duplex vessels A, A, below. This upper cross frame B might be
made open, with transverse webs B, to support the driving gear as hereinafter
described. A central vertical shaft is fitted to rotate in a footstep bearing at C,
in the upper central part A of the lower outer vessel A, strengthened below by
brackets to the inner central wall at A¹, and concentric to the inner sugar
ressel A', and in bush bearings at B in the said upper cross frame B,and driven
by mitre or bevel wheels C at top, from a first motion. horizontal shaft C³ carried
in bush bearing pillow blocks C", mounted on the transverse webs B of the said
cross frame B, and preferably fitted with fast and loose driving belt pulleys C
on it at its outer end and with a belt shifting fork bar C, fitted above at one side
of pulleys, and a vertical actuating hand lever Cs, projecting down at the side of
one of the columns B. On the said central vertical shaft C, two cross frames D, D',
are keyed and mounted by strong deep eyes over each other the lower one D
extending right across the whole annular sugar treating vessel A, A, and the upper
one D' some distance below the upper cross frame B. At the outer ends of the
upper frame D' and near the outer ends of the lower frame D journal bearings D"
are formed and fitted to receive two vertical shafts D' rotating loose in them in
line with the centre of the inner annular vessel A' on opposite sides, and driven
and actuated as and for the purposes hereinafter described. At the outer ends of
the lower frame D, secured on the centre shaft C, a U-shaped frame E, E, E³,
with broad vertical side stems and cross bar between them below, as seen
particularly in Figure 3, is bolted by flanges D at the upper ends of the stems E
to planed parts on the under side of the ends of the frame D and set at an
angle and preferably with the outer stem E of this U frame E, E', E', in advance.
of the inner stem E' and so constructed that the outer advanced edges E of these
vertical stems would be augled to form scrapers, to scrape the sugar off the inner
Burface of the outer and inner walls of the annular vessel As, and the cross bar E'
at the bottom is so angled and sharpened as to scrape the bottom of the annular
vessel A, all as the lower cross frames D, D, rotate with the central shafts C.
The
upper ends of the two vertical shafts D' carried loose in the ends D" of the
cross frames D, D', have spur pinions G keyed on them gearing into a larger
stationary central spur wheel G bolted at B to the centre of the under side of the
upper cross frame B' concentrically to the central shaft C, so that as this and its
frame revolved, the said two vertical shafts D, would be driven in the same
direction as the central shaft C, which actuates the said U-shaped scrapers E, E', E²,
but preferably at a much faster speed than these, as say if the central shaft C goes.
at thirty revolutions per minute the, side shafts. may rotate at forty-five, but these`
speeds may be varied the direction of rotation being indicated by the arrows in
Figure 2. On the lower end of each of these vertical side shafts D a disc F is.
screwed or keyed, to rotate below and clear of the lower frame D and above the
top of the sugar vessel A³ its outer periphery being turned, and working clear of
the inside of the vertical stems E, E, of the scrapers, and having the upper ends
of four angled vertical bars F1 or it might be other number, bolted to it at equal
distances apart, the lower ends of these bars being screwed to a light ring F,
working just clear of the lower transverse scraper E' before referred to. These

page_text: it
"
-"
four vertical bars F which I term " beaters or agitators, work with their outer
surface nearly close up to the inner surface of the vertical crapera E, E, so thint
no sugar can collect on them, and the advanced edges are angled and project
forward towards the inner surface which works close up to two inner vertical
prongs or scrapers E³, formed or fitted to project up from the bottom trausverse
scraper and so prevent any collection of sugar on the lower inner surface of
these beaters F¹. These two "prongs
or scrapers E³, are each formed with a
groove or slotted Hange on their inner face opposite to each other. to receive a
portable wooden board or door 1, which is placed therein after the sugar has been
granulated' in order to carry the sugar round to discharge it through the discharge
hole and plug valve H, H³, hereinafter described, fitted in the bottom of the
vessels A³, A. The scrapers E, E', also while cleaning the surface of the heating
vessel and beaters direct the sugar towards the beaters or agitators F The
jacketed space A', between the outer and inner vessels A, A2, is fitted with
branch and stop valve a to admit exhaust or live steam for heating the inner
vessel A and drying the sugar in it, ant with a safety valve on the branch a' at
one side to prevent over pressure, and a drawing off branch at a² for taking away
all condensed steam and water from the lower part of the jacketed space A. The
lower part of the inner vessel A' is fitted with the large plug orifice H and
valve H, which operis outwards down through the bottom of both vessels A³, A,
and actuated by a two armed lever H", H, fulcrumed to and projecting out from
below the outer vessel A, as shown in Figure 2, and indicated as turned round to
the left in Figure 1, to let out the sugar when fully treated into a delivery spout
below at one side.
The action of the apparatus and mode of forming the sugar is as follows The
concentrated sweet syrup.is fed into the annular vessel A by a branch pipe and
cock or valve hot from the concentrating pan L, at the usual density for
forming sugar, in charges to about half fill the vessel A' or so, as sny, from 5
to 10 inches deep, when the first motion shaft C³ of the machine would then be set
on to actuate the central shaft C which would carry round the radial frames D, D',
and frame with scrapers E, E', E', before referred to, and actuate tlie side vertical
shafts D, D, and internal' beaters or agitators which would thus agitate the
concentrated syrup while it was being crystalised and dried by the heat of the
steam admitted to the jacket spuce A' between the vessels A A' and would thus be
treated in the machine-until the whole sugar liquid was formed into fine dry white
granular or grained sugar, when the steam would be shut off at the branch a, and
the discharge plug H in the bottom would be opened by its lever H" H³, and the
rotating of the scrapers would discharge the sugar down through the plug
valve H H into a discharge shoot, from which it would run into the hopper
end of a horizontal or angled rotating cylindrical or other vibrating sifter at />*,
through which the granular sugar would all pass into a case below it, all as seen
more particularly in the general arrangements Figures 4 and 5; and any small
lumps not granulated would be discharged at the lower open end of the cylinder
into portable boxes at to be thrown back into the concentrator L'or taken along
with the next charge into the pulverising and granulating machine.
One general arrangement for carrying out the whole process of this invention on
a factory system for which it is most suited, as say for treating all kinds of raw or
coarse sugars direct from the plantations consists, as shown in Figures 4 and 5 on
Sheets 2 and 3, in delivering the sugars, as they are brought into the factory, into a
hopper or receiver vessel I fitted with chain and bucket elevators I', which would
raise the sugar to a suitable level to be filled in charges, into an open "blow up"
melting pan J, fitted in an upper flat" of the buildings where sufficient water
would be added from a cistern e' to melt the sugar into a syrup for melting heating
and filtering. This blow up paa J would preferably be of an improved construction
baving an outer cylindrical vessel J of cast iron below with an inner copper or
brass vessel fitted and jointed on the top flanges of the outer cast iron vessel.J,
with angled sides and domed up bottom reaching down at the circumference to near

page_text: the bottom of the cast iron vessel J, to which it would be stayed, leaving an annular
or jacketed steam heating space between the outer cast iron vessel J and the sides
and bottom of the inner copper vessel J. On the top of the flanges of this inner
copper vessel Ja continuation single copper or brass vessel or cylindrical shell J",
is mounted twice the depth or so of the jacketed lower heating part of the vessel.J'.
Round the inner circumference of the lower part of this duplex heating vessel J, J',
a usual construction of bolical steam pipe of five coils or so is fitted carried on three
or more vertical gripping glands secured to the sides of the vessel. The end
upper
of this coil is connected by a branch through the body of the upper vessel to the
exhaust or it may be live steam pipes from the engine and boiler of the factory,
while the lower end of this coil pipe would pass cut by a coupling branch through
the bottom of both vessels J, J, to a trap for conveying away all condensed steam
and water from it, as in other steam heating sugar vessels. The lower part or shell
of the outer cast iron vessel J, might be continued down as an open frame with
lower flanges and snugs to be carried on any suitable beams or foundation in the
factory as at 21, at a sufficient height to draw off the liquid by gravitation into
suitable receiving cisterns J Jat the sides; and this outer lower shell may have
inner radial brackets projecting up between the openings through it to support
the
bottom of the outer vessel J. This vessel J would be fitted with two discharge
branches and cocks J, Jo, preferably with flanges bolted on below the outer
vessel J, the one J, projecting up an inch or more above the lower part of the
inner vessel J³, to draw off all the pure liquor into the clear liquor deposit tank J³,
leaving the sediment in the bottom of the inner vessel J, and it might be the scum
floating above. The other branch J, would be fitted flush with the bottom of the
inner vessel J', so as to draw off all sediment and scum washed away from the
inside of the vessel J' by a little water, admitted for the purpose, to the cistern J³
for retaining this washed out sediment and scum deposit for after treatment. The
upper flanges of this lower cast iron vessel.J would have strong projecting
brackets at J, on each side for bolting the lower flanges of standards; to
project up a considerable distance above the top of the liquor vessel J", and
carry a cross beam on their upper ende, which cross beam would carry the
upper bush bearings of a central vertical shaft having its footstep_working
in a step bearing in the centre of the bottom of the inner vessel J'.
shaft would be driven by bevel wheels at at its upper end from a horizontal
first motion shaft carried in bush bearing pillow blocks on the upperside of
the cross beam driven by fast and loose belt pulleys j on its outer end. At
the lower end of this central shaft, cross agitating arms would be mounted, the
lower one having its angled arms bent down to the dome shape of the bottom of the
vessel to prevent deposit, while the upper one would be mounted with its angled
arms, which might be straight, at right angles to the lower one. This melting and
agitating "blow up" arrangement J may be made to suit two sets of the subsequent
filtering, concentrating, and pulverising appliances, arranged beyond it on each
side of the building, on a lower level or platform but with the top of the
filters K, near the level of the flat 2, and discharge each change of the mixed
sugar liquor from the melting vessel J' into the shallow transverse vessel J*, ranged
across and over one end of the clarifying vessel J', fitted at one side of the
blow up'
vessel J, J. This short transverse vessel J* would be fitted with
a closely perforated bottom with portable frame of filtering cloth, close over the
perforated plate, so that this vessel would catch, all rough impurities, and the
cloth frame. could be removed and cleaned from time to time as required.
Pipes k, k, would be fitted from this lower vessel J' with branches and cocks, ²,
leading to each of two double sets of vertical animal charcoal filters K, K, having
open tops, below the level of said vessel J. Above the lower conical discharge
end of each filter K, K, a perforated disc plate would be fitted at K'; preferably
in segments, with filter cloth over it so as to be easily removed from time to time
for cleaning through a lateral door. K" formed in the lower section of the filter
cylinder K, and used for removing the charcoal. Filter cloth may also be fitted
"
This

page_text: to a portable ring frame at the top of the filter K, over the charcoal. The liquor
is drawn off by branches K from the lower conical part of each of these
filters K, K, by vertical and horizontal pipes K, K, to a single drawing-off branch
with cock K to each supply charging filter juice cistern L, above the floor 211
and level of the pulverising and concentrating pan A, but very considerably below
the top level of the filters K to give the current or run of the liquor from these to
and through the cisterns L, by gravitation from their drawing-off pipes and
cocks L, L, into the concentrating vessels L. One concentrating pan L', may
be sufficient for each double set of filters K and cistern L. and is arranged with
its bottom on the floor on a higher level than the top of the annular vessel of
the pulverising machine A, A, and is of a size sufficient to evaporate and
concentrate enough for one charge of the pulveriser at a time, while the pulverising
machine was granulating the previous charge. This concentrating pan L' may be
in the form of a simple open cylindrical pan with an outer cast iron cylindrical
shell and bottom LB, with turned flange on top and basement supporting flange
below, with an inner brass or copper boiling vessel L' with its sides tapering
inwards from its top flange, jointed by an upper ring to the upper flange of the
cast iron vessel L³, to its bottom, which would be domed up and stayed from the
bottom of the cast iron vessel leaving a steam jacketed heating space all round
the sides and under the bottom of this heating vessel L, within the outer. casing L³.
An ordinary copper or brass serpentine or spiral steam heating pipe would be fitted
on radial bearing blocks inside and a few inches off the domed bottom of the
inner copper vessel L'. The steam enters through a coupling steam branch passed
up through the bottoms of the cast iron and brass vessels L L having the outer
and lower circumferential end of the coil passed out by a small coupling discharge
branch through the bottom of both vessels to lead all the condensed steam or water
to a trap outside, much in a usual manner. A steam branch would also be led
into one side of the outer cast iron vessel L³, to fill the jacketed space between the
outer and inner vessels L³, L, and each inner vessel L would be fitted with a
discharge branch with cock or tap through its lowest bottom part for carrying
off the concentrated sugar liquor, as before described, by the open discharge pipe,
into each pulverising machine A, A. All these steam and liquid pipes would be
fitted with taps and valves for controlling the admission and emission of the fluids,
and high pressure steam from the boiler direct would preferably be used for heating
the inner coil and jacketed space of this concentrating pan L, L³; and the
jacketed space both of this pan and the "blow up" pan J, J', before described,
would preferably be fitted with ordinary spring or loaded safety valves and with
air cocks, to be opened from time to time as desired, and with drain branches and
cocks leading to traps.
When it is not desired to raise the sugar by chain and bucket elevators I, I', to
the higher floors of the buildings, and to erect the sugar melting and blow up
pans J, J, and filtering cistern J on a high enough level to supply the saccharine
liquor to the charcoal filters by gravitation, these might be fitted on a lower level
of the factory, and the liquor pumped up from the melting and filtering
vessels J, J, before described, to the filters K or to a cistern above the filters for
supplying these. Although the filters K have been described as open at top, they
might be closed in and have the liquid forced through the filters; and although
the concentrating pans L2 L³ have also been described as open boiling pans, they
might be made in the form of close vacuum pans, and work all otherwise
substantially as described in connection with the new or improved pulverising
machine A, A, for producing this now or improved granular or fine grain-sugar.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
First. The herein described method of manufacturing dry granulated or fine
grain sugar direct from the concentrated syrup prepared in the blow up. clarifying

page_text: and filtering pans and concentrating vessels, and treated in a pulverising or drying
and granulating machine or machines, substantially as herein described in reference
to and by way of application shown in the accompanying drawings.
Second. The construction or arrangement and combination of the parts of a
machine for pulverising or drying and granulating sugar direct from the
concentrated syrup, with inner and outer steam heated vessels and internal beaters
or agitators and scrapers actuated by shaft and wheel gearing, substantially
as herein described in reference to and shown in the accompanying drawings.
Third. In a machine for pulverising or drying and granulating sugar direct from
the concentrated syrup, the arrangement and use of double rotating motion beaters
or agitators within steam heated vessels and actuated by shafts and wheel gearing,
substantially as herein described in reference to and shown in the accompanying
.drawings.
Fourth. In a machine for pulverising or drying and granulating sugar direct from
the concentrated syrup, the constructing of the treating vessel of a double cased
annular form with jacketed steam heating space between, and in which the beaters
rotate round the circumference of the annular vessel, and on their own axes within the
annular space of said vessel while rotating round the same, substantially as herein
described in reference to and shown in the accompanying drawings.
D1110L
1000
W. R. M. THOMSON & Co.,
96, Buchanan Street, Glasgow, Agents.
-W. R. M. THOMSON & Co.,
96, Buchanan Street, Glasgow, Agents.