IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR BAKING BY STEAM.
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Edward Newton of the Office for Patents,
66 Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for an
Invention of IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR BAKING BY STEAM. Communicated to
him from abroad by Emil Yäger of Plauen near Dresden in the Kingdom of
Saxony, German Empire
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Edward Newton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th July 1883.
HENRY EDWARD NEWTON of the Office for Patents 66 Chancery Lane in the
County of Middlesex Civil Engineer, "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR BAKING BY
STEAM." [Communicated to him from abroad by Emil Yäger of Plauen near
Dresden in the Kingdom of Saxony, German Empire]
This invention relates to apparatus in which the heat of steam at a suitable
pressure is employed for baking in forms or moulds. The baking of dough or
paste in forms or moulds is usually effected by the heat of fire which is allowed to
act on the outside or outer surfaces of the moulds or forms until the dough or paste
in the form is thoroughly baked.
According to the present invention high pressure steam is used and this
necessitates the employment of special moulds the walls of which are made hollow
for the passage of the steam. If the heat of the steam is allowed to act for a
sufficient time upon the dough or paste enclosed in the form or mould the same
effect will be attained as with the action of heat of fire on the outer surface of
the forms.
The repeated trials which have been made with the steam baking process in
baking wafers or waffles have proved that with steam of 6 atmospheres pressure
the baking process will be effected in the same time as by fire. This high pressure
will require the moulds with hollow walls to be made of strong sheet iron or steel
plates to resist the pressure and through these plates the action of the heat of steam
upon the paste takes place.

page_text: The apparatus consists of two hollow plates an upper and a lower plate, the
lower one being carried by a suitable frame and being made removable by means
of chains and pulleys and a counterweight. Into these hollow plates high pressure
steam is caused to enter by pipes; exit pipes for the steam and the condensing
water being also provided. The dough or paste is spread between the upper and
lower plates, the upper plate being then loaded with weights, and steam is caused
to pass through the hollow plates until the baking process is completed. It is well
understood that the hollow plates should be heated by steam previously to the
paste being spread. Steam should continue to pass for the renewed baking after
removing the baked cake.
t
The hollow plates may be connected together-by a hinge at one end so that the
upper plate may be turned up which may be facilitated by a counter weight. The
two plates are fastened together by clamps which may be turned up or down;
these clamps carry in their forked ends eccentric discs which may be turned by
handles so as to firmly close the hollow plates together.
This closing may also be effected by a double disc the axle of which is carried in
bearings underneath the plates; the axle of the said disc being provided with a
crank or handle. Pins connecting the two discs pass through curved slots formed
in the lower ends of curved levers suitably pivotted to the mould. The upper ends
of these levers take upon the upper surface of the top plate so that this plate by
turning the crank or handle will be firmly closed upon the bottom plate.
The means for firmly closing such plates one upon the other may be varied, and
the device for raising or lowering the upper plate or for turning the same may be
replaced by equivalent devices without departing from the main feature of this
invention. It will be well to cover the surfaces of the hollow plates with any well
known material which is a bad conductor of heat so as to prevent any cooling
influence of the outer air

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Henry Edward Newton in the Patent Office on the 9th January
1884.
HENRY EDWARD NEWTON of the Office for Patents 66 Chancery Lane in the
County of Middlesex Civil Engineer "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR BAKING BY
a communication to me from abroad by Emil Yäger of Plauen near Dresden
in the Kingdom of Saxony German Empire-
STEAM"
This Invention relates to apparatus in which the heat of steam at a suitable
pressure is employed for baking in forms or moulds.
The baking of dough or paste in forms or moulds is usually effected by the heat
of fire which is allowed to act on the outside or outer surfaces of the moulds or
forms until the dougli or paste in the form is thoroughly baked.
According to the present invention high pressure steam is used and this
necessitates the employment of special moulds, the walls of which must be made
hollow for the passage of the steam. If the heat of the steam is allowed to act for
a sufficient time upon the dough or paste enclosed in the form or mould, the same
effect will be obtained as with the action of the heat of fire on the outer surface of
the forms
Repeated trials which have been made with the steam baking process in baking
wafers or waffles, have proved that with steam of six atmospheres pressure the
baking process will be effected in the same time as by fire This high pressure
steam will necessitate that the moulds with hollow walls be made of strong sheet
iron or steel plates to resist the pressure and through these plates the action of the
heat of the steam upon the paste takes place
In the accompanying drawing Fig: 1 shows the apparatus in its simplest form
in elevation partly in section. The remaining figures shew certain modifications in
the means for securing the moulds together
The apparatus consists of two hollow plates, a lower plate a and an upper plate
the lower one being carried by a suitable frame or other support the upper plate b
being made removable and capable of being raised by means of chains and pullies
and a counterweight.-In order to keep these plates close together during the
baking operation the upper plate b is loaded with weights b¹ b¹.
Into the hollow plates ab high pressure steam enters by pipes c exit pipes d for
the steam and condensing water being also provided. e are extra pipes for the
escape of the condensing water. The dough or paste is spread between the upper
and lower plates the upper plate being then loaded with the weights and steam is
caused to pass through hollow plates until the baking process is completed.
It is well understood that the hollow plates should be beated by steam previously
to the paste being spread or poured in. To remove the biscuits.or other article
from the mould when baked the weights are first taken off and the upper plate b is
removed.
Steam should continue to pass after removing the baked cake previous to and
while refilling the mould.
The hollow plates may be hinged at one end so that the upper plate may be
readily turned up when required. The turning up may be facilitated by a counter-
weight This modification is shown in sectional elevation at Fig: 2 and in end
elevation at fig: 2ª. The two plates a bare fastened together by clamps g which
are hinged to the underside of the plate a. The clamps are provided at their
forked upper ends with an excentric disc h which may be turned by a handle so as
to press the hollow plates together

page_text: '
This closing may also be effected in the manner shewn at Figures 3 and 3ª. kare
two discs which are mounted on an axle carried in bearings underneath the
Pius m m connecting
plate a The axle is provided with a crank or handle i.
the two discs pass through curved excentric slots formed in the lower ends of
curved levers n n suitably pivotted to the mould or plate a
The upper ends oo of these levers take upon or over the upper surface of the
top plate b so that this plate by turning the crank or handle i will be firmly closed
upon the bottom plate a In this case the top plate a may if desired be hinged
to the bottom plate b and balanced by a counterweight as shown in Figures 2
and 2ª.
The means for firmly closing such plates one upon the other may be varied and
the device for raising or lowering the upper plate or for turning the same may be
replaced by equivalent devices without departing from the main features of this
invention It will be well to cover the outer surfaces of the hollow plates with any
well known material which is a bad conductor of lieat so as to prevent any cooling
influence of the outer air
It is obvious that although flat plates or moulds are shewn in the drawings any
other forin of plate or mould may be used; thus both moulds or plates between
which the baking takes place may be curved or one may be straight as shown
and the other curved, so as to suit the various forms of cakes to be baked and
it is also obvious that the moulds may be formed in more than two parts if
desired
Having now described the nature of the said Invention for Improved apparatus
for baking by steam as communicated to me from abroad and explained the manner
of carrying the same into effect I claim
The apparatus for baking by steam consisting of two or more hollow plates or
bodies which form moulds to receive the material to be baked such hollow plates
or bodies being either separate or hinged to one another and held close together
during the process of baking by weights clamps or other convenient means all
substantially as hercin shewn and described
In witness whereof I the said Henry Edward Newton have hereunto set my
hand and seal the ninth day of January in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty four
HE NEWTUN. (L.S.)