IMPROVEMENTS IN COOKING APPARATUS
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Hazard Huntly, of No. 50, Upper Baker
Street, Regent's Park, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN COOKING APPARATUS."
Sealed the 15th May 1866, and dated the 18th November 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Hazard Huntly
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 18th November 1865.
I, SAMUEL HAZARD HUNTLY, of No. 50, Upper Baker Street, Regent's
Park, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COOKING APPARATUS," to be as
follows:-
One part of my Invention has reference to an improved arrangement:
of portable cooking apparatus, more particularly adapted for use in the
army. It consists of an iron casing, in the lower part of which are fixed
two ovens, having a space between them, and other spaces also exist between
the sides and bottoms of the ovens and the surrounding casing. In the
space between the ovens is formed the fire-grate, which is closed in at top
by a fire-brick or iron covering, in the top part of which is formed a space
communicating at one end through a regulating valve with the external air,
and through small holes or perforations with the top of the fire, so that,

page_text: by opening the regulating valve, air may be admitted through the perfora-
tions to the top of the fire; or, in place of employing the before-described
covering to the fire-grate, I recess that portion of the top of the outer
casing situated over the fire-place down sufficiently close to the fire to
constitute a hot plate. The fire-grate communicates on either side, by
means of openings provided with dampers, with the spaces in the casing
above the before-mentioned ovens, in which spaces are fixed two boilers or
vessels projecting through the top of the casing, where they are provided
with covers. Spaces exist between the bottom surfaces of these boilers
and the top surfaces of the ovens, as also between the sides of the boiler
and the surrounding casing, which spaces communicate by means of the
before-mentioned openings with the fire-grate, and are provided with
partitions so arranged that the flames and hot gases from the fire-grate are
caused to circulate first through the spaces between the bottoms of the
boilers and tops of the ovens, and then to pass through apertures in the
said partitions into the spaces surrounding the sides of the boilers, whence
the products of combustion escape into a flue. The sides of the ovens
are protected from immediate contact with the fire by means of thick
iron or fire-brick cheeks. The ovens pass through the casing in front,
where they are provided with doors.
Another part of my Invention has reference to that description of
cooking apparatus commonly known as "Kitchener's." In the arrange-
ment heretofore employed, in which an oven is situated on either side of
the enclosed fire, and a boiler at the back of the same, the flames from the
enclosed fire, after passing over the tops and down the sides of the ovens
into the space beneath the same, escape thence into flues formed at the
backs thereof, which flues pass up against the ends of the vertical part of
the boiler, the front face of which has for this purpose to be set back so as
to be flush with the backs of the ovens; another flue passes from the fire
underneath the boiler and up at the back of the same.
This arrangement
necessitates the employment of a considerable amount of brickwork, and
requires a greater depth of fire-place than is in many cases convenient.
My improvements have for their object to do away almost entirely with
the use of brickwork for forming the flues, to make the apparatus with its
flues entirely self-contained, to reduce the depth of the same, and to utilize
the heat from the fire to a greater advantage. For this purpose, instead of
forming the flues leading from the bottoms of the ovens up the backs of
the same as heretofore, I form them against the sides of the ovens
nearest the fire, so as to pass up from the buttons of the ovens to just

page_text: below the fire-grate, whence they pass underneath the bottom of the boiler,
and then up the back of the same, the whole of such flues being formed in
iron. I bring the boiler forward into the grate, either to such an extent
that the backs of such last-mentioned flues are flush with the backs of the
ovens, or, at any rate, that the back of the boiler is flush with the latter,
and I either dispense altogether with the before-mentioned flue running
directly from the fire-grate underneath the boiler and up the back of the
same, or, if I employ this flue, I make the vertical part thereof pass up
against the back of the boiler between the two before-mentioned flues from
the ovens. By continuing such flues by means of a tube passing some
distance up the chimney, I am also enabled to obtain sufficient draught
whilst leaving the chimney itself open, instead of closing the same as
heretofore. Instead of placing the dampers to the oven flues in the flues
leading from the top of the ovens up the chimney as heretofore, I place
them in that part of the flue which passes down the outer side of the oven
after passing over the top of the same, which arrangement is particularly
advantageous when two or more ovens are placed side by side on each side
of the fire-place, as the amount of heat communicated to each particular
oven may thereby be regulated with the greatest nicety. The upper part
of the side of the oven next the fire is protected from the heat either by a
fire-brick lining or by an enclosed air space, or a portion of the boiler is
brought forward so as to form a protecting cheek. In front of the upper
part of the fire-place I form a projecting hopper, through which the fuel
may be more conveniently fed on to the fire, the top of which hopper is
closed by a cover made level with and constituting part of the hot plate
over the top of the fire. It will be evident that my before-described
improvements are equally applicable to that description of "Kitchener."
in which, instead of an oven being placed on either side of the fire as
before described, the one oven is replaced by a boiler.
In another modification of the before-described improved Kitchener,
instead of forming a hot plate over the ovens on each side of the fire, I
substitute two other ovens situated over the lower ones, and a space left
between the bottom of the upper oven and the top of the lower one consti-
tutes either a flue common to both ovens, whence a portion of the flames
passes up on either side of the upper oven, and through an opening into
the chimney, whilst another portion of the flames passes down the one' side,
underneath the bottom, and up the other side of the lower oven, in the
manner before described; or I form the space between the two ovens into
two separate flues, so as to establish a separate communication between

page_text: cach of the ovens and the fire. As by this arrangement the extent of the
hot plate is greatly reduced, I prefer to make the fire-place project forward
some distance in front of the ovens, the sides of which fire-place are then
formed by means of projecting portions of the boiler, and the enclosed top
of the extended fire-place then forms additional surface of hot plate.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Samuel Hazard Huntly in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 18th May 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
HAZARD HUNTLY, of No. 50, Upper Baker Street, Regent's Park, in the
County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year.
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Șamuel Hazard Huntly, Her special licence that I, the
said Samuel Hazard Huntly, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Samuel Hazard Huntly, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COOKING APPARATUS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Samuel Hazard Huntly, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Hazard Huntly, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawing, and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say :-
One part of my Invention has reference to an improved arrangement of

page_text: portable cooking apparatus, more particularly adapted for use in the army.
It consists of an iron casing, in the lower part of which are fixed two ovens,
having a space between them, and other spaces also exist between the sides
and bottoms of the ovens and the surrounding casing. In the space
between the ovens is formed the fire-grate, which is closed in at the top by
a fire-brick or iron covering, in the top part of which is formed a space
communicating at one end through a regulating valve with the external
air, and through small holes or perforations with the top of the fire, so that,
by opening the regulating valve, air may be admitted through the perfora-
tions to the top of the fire; or, in place of employing the before-described.
covering to the fire-grate, I recess that portion of the top of the outer casing,
situated over the fire-place down sufficiently close to the fire to constitute
a hot plate. The fire-grate communicates on either side, by means of
openings provided with dampers, with the spaces in the casing above the
before-mentioned ovens, in which spaces are fixed two boilers or vessels.
projecting through the top of the casing, where they are provided with
covers. Spaces exist between the bottom surfaces of these boilers and the
top surfaces of the ovens, as also between the sides of the boilers and the:
surrounding casing, which spaces communicate by means of the before-
mentioned openings with the fire-grate, and are provided with partitions so
arranged that the flames and hot gases from the fire-grate are caused to
circulate first through the spaces between the bottoms of the boilers and
tops of the ovens, and then to pass through apertures in the said partitions
into the spaces surrounding the sides of the boilers, whence the products of
combustion escape into a flue. The sides of the oven are protected from
immediate contact with the fire by means of thick iron or fire-brick.cheeks.
The ovens pass through the casing in front, where they are provided with.
doors.
:
Figures 1 to 5 on the accompanying Drawing show one arrangement of
my before-described improved portable cooking apparatus. Figure 1 shows
a front elevation, Figure 2 shows a plan, Figure 3 shows a sectional eleva-
tion on line Z, Z, Figure 5; Figure 4 shows a sectional elevation on line
Y, Y, Figure 5; and Figure 5 shows a sectional plan on line X, X, Figure.
4; similar letters of reference indicate similar parts in each of the Figures.
The casing A, A, contains at bottom two ovens B, B, extending from
front to back of the casing, and provided in front with doors b, b. In the
space between the ovens is formed the fire-grate C, the sides of the ovens
being protected from immediate contact with the fire by means of thick
iron or fire-brick cheeks.c, c. The fire-grate is closed at top by means of

page_text: an iron covering D, over the top of which is formed an air chamber d,
communicating with the top of the fire by means of perforations in the
covering D, and with the external atmosphere through a regulating valve
E in front of the stove, so that by opening the latter more or less air may
be made to enter the top of the fire; F is the fire-door. In the upper
part of the casing A are fixed the boilers G, G, projecting through the
top of the same, where they are provided with covers. Between the
bottoms of these boilers and the tops of the ovens B are spaces H, H, with
which the fire-grate communicates by means of openings I, I, which may
be closed more or less by means of sliding dampers J, J, actuated by means
of handles j, j, in front of the stove.
A partition K, K, (shown more clearly in Figure 5,) causes the flames
from the fire-grate to pass in the direction of the arrows through the
spaces H, H, underneath the boilers, and the spaces L, L, between the
sides of the same and the casing, before entering the flues M, M, through
openings.in .top of the back part of the partitions. The heat also passes by
radiation into the spaces N, N, between the chamber d and the boilers, as
also into the spaces O, O, between the sides and bottoms of the ovens and
the casing; these spaces may, however, if requisite, be converted into
flues by causing them to communicate at bottom with the flues M. It
will be seen that if the one or the other of the openings I is closed by the
dampers J, the fire is confined entirely to the one side of the apparatus.
. Figures 6 to 10 show a similar arrangement of cooking apparatus to that
just described, the only difference being that the air chamber dis dispensed
with, and the casing A is recessed down at A¹ so as to constitute a hot
plate. To afford more room for this the boilers G are also made of a
rectangular form instead of circular, as before. Figure 6 shows a front
elevation, Figure 7 shows a plan, Figure 8 shows a sectional elevation on
line Z, Z, Figure 10; Figure 9 shows a sectional elevation on line Y, Y,
Figure 10; and Figure 10 shows a sectional plan on line X, X, Figure 9.
The various parts are designated by the same letters of reference as those
designating the corresponding parts in the former arrangement, and there-
fore require no further description.
Another part of my Invention has reference to that description of cooking
apparatus commonly known as "Kitchener's." In the arrangement hereto-
fore employed, in which an oven is situated on either side of the enclosed
fire and a boiler at the back of the same, the flames from the enclosed fire,
after passing over the tops and down the sides of the ovens into the space
beneath the same, escape thence into flues formed in the backs thereof, which

page_text: flues pass up against the ends of the vertical part of the boiler, the front face
of which has for this purpose to be set back, so as to be flush with the backs
of the ovens; another flue passes from the fire underneath the boiler and
up at the back of the same. This arrangement necessitates the employ-
ment of a considerable amount of brickwork, and requires a greater depth
of fire-place than is in many cases convenient. My improvements have
for their object to do away almost entirely with the use of brickwork for
forming the flues, to make the apparatus with its flues entirely self-contained,
to reduce the depth of the same, and to utilize the heat from the fire to a
greater advantage. For this purpose, instead of forming the flues leading
from the bottoms of the ovens up the backs of the same as heretofore,
I form them against the sides of the ovens nearest the fire, so as to pass
up from the bottoms of the ovens to just below the fire-grate, whence they
pass underneath the bottom of the boiler and then up the back of the same,
the whole of such flues being formed of iron. I bring the boiler forward
into the grate, either to such an extent that the backs of such last-
mentioned flues are flush with the backs of the ovens, or at any rate that
the back of the boiler is flush with the latter, and I either dispense
altogether with the before-mentioned flue running directly from the fire-
grate underneath the boiler and up the back of the same, or, if I employ
this flue, I make the vertical part thereof pass up against the back of the
boiler, between the two before-mentioned flues from the ovens. By con-
tinuing such flues by means of a tube passing some distance up the
chimney, I am also enabled to obtain sufficient draught whilst leaving the
chimney itself open, instead of closing the same as heretofore. Instead of
placing the dampers to the oven flues leading from the tops of the ovens
up the chimney as heretofore, I place them in that part of the flue which
passes down the outer side of the oven after passing over the top of the
same, which arrangement is particularly advantageous when two or more
ovens are placed side by side on each side of the fire-place, as the
amount of heat communicated to each particular oven may thereby be
regulated with the greatest nicety. The upper part of the side of the
oven next the fire is protected from the heat either by a fire-brick lining
or by an enclosed air space, or a portion of the boiler is brought forward
so as to form a protecting cheek. In front of the upper part of the
fire-place I form a projecting hopper, through which the fuel may be more
conveniently fed on to the fire, the top of which hopper is closed by a
cover, made level with and constituting part of the hot plate over the top
of the fire.

page_text: It will be evident that my before-described improvements are equally.
applicable to that description of "Kitchener" in which, instead of an oven
being placed on either side of the fire as before described, the one oven is.
replaced by a boiler.
;
Figures 11 to 15 on the accompanying Drawing show one arrangement
of "Kitchener "constructed according to this part of my Invention
Figure 1 shows a front elevation, Figure 12 shows a plan, Figure 13
shows a sectional elevation on line Y,Y, Figure 14; Figure 14 shows a
sectional plan on line X, X, Figure 13; and Figure 15 shows a sectional
elevation on line Z, Z, Figure 14.
t
A, A', is the casing, of which the top part A¹ forms the hot plate as usual;
B is the fire-grate; and C, C, are the ovens on each side of the latter,
which are protected from immediate contact with the fire either by. means.
of fire-brick cheeks or by means of water spaces D, D, which may be
either in connection with the boiler E, or separate therefrom, and the
water made to circulate through them by means of a pipe connecting the.
two, such water being in that case applicable for baths.and other purposes.
The flames from the fire pass first through the spaces F, between the top
of the ovens and the hot plate A', then down through the spaces G,
between the sides of the oven and the casing, then through the spaces
H below the ovens, and lastly up through the spaces I and into the
chambers J beneath the boiler, whence they escape into the flues K,
leading to the chimney. The boiler E is brought forward into the fire-
place to such an extent that the flues K at the back of the same are flush
with the back of the casing A, and the Kitchener is thus made entirely
self-contained. At the top of the fire-place is formed the hopper L, into
which the fuel is introduced, and which is provided with a hinged cover
M. At the angles of the spaces or flues F, G, are placed dampers or
valves N, by closing which the passage of the flames and hot gases round
the one or the other of the ovens may be cut off. When two or more
ovens are placed on either side, as indicated in dotted lines at C¹ in Figure
13, the dampers or valves N, N¹, are placed in a horizontal position in the
Blues G, G', so that by shutting the damper N more or less, and opening
N', the passage of the draught may be more or less cut off from the
flue G, and made to pass more or less entirely round the oven C¹, while
if the damper N¹ is closed and N opened, the draught is cut off from the
oven C¹, and made to pass round C; O, O, are air spaces to keep the
bottom of the apparatus cool. Figures 16 to 20 show the application of my
improvements to an arrangement in which a boiler E is substituted for

page_text: one of the ovens C, as herein-before mentioned. The arrangement of the
flues round the remaining oven C is precisely the same as described in
the foregoing arrangement, and the various parts are designated by the
same letters that indicate the corresponding parts of the latter, and need
therefore not be further described. Figure 16 shows an elevation, Figure
17 shows a plan, Figure 18 shows a sectional elevation on line Y, Y,
Figure 19; Figure 19 shows a sectional plan on line X, X, Figure 18;
and Figure 20 shows a sectional elevation on line Z, Z, Figure 19.
In another modification of the before-described improved Kitchener,
instead of forming a hot plate over the ovens on each side of the fire, I
substitute two other ovens situated over the lower ones, and a space left
between the bottom of the upper oven and the top of the lower one
constitutes either a flue common to both ovens, whence a portion of the
flames pass up on either side of the upper oven and through an opening
into the chimney, whilst another portion of the flames passes down the one
side, underneath the bottom, and up the other side of the lower oven in
the manner before described; or I form the space between the two ovens
into two separate flues, so as to establish a separate communication between
each of the ovens and the fire. As by this arrangement the extent of the
hot plate is greatly reduced, I prefer to make the fire-place to project
forward some distance in front of the ovens, the sides of which fire-place-
are then formed by means of projecting portions of the boiler, and the
enclosed top of the extended fire-place then forms additional surface of
hot plate.
Figures 21 to 25 show this modification of my improved Kitchener ;
Figure 21 shows a front elevation, Figure 22 shows a plan, Figure 23*
shows a sectional elevation on line Y, Y, Figure 24; Figure 24 shows a
sectional plan on line X, X, Figure 23; and Figure 25 shows a sectional
elevation on line Z, Z, Figure 24.
In place of the hot plate A¹ over the ovens C, C, in the foregoing
arrangements, two other ovens C¹, C¹, are placed over the lower ovens
C, C, the spaces F, F, between the two being divided by partitions P, P,
in which are openings Q, Q, capable of being closed by dampers R, R,.
which can also be made to cut off the communication between the flues
K and the flues of the lower ovens, as shown in Figure 24. If the
openings are closed, and consequently the communication between the
flues K and the lower ovens opened, the flames pass entirely through the
spaces F, G, H, and I, surrounding the lower ovens, as in the previous'
arrangements, and escape up the flues K formed at the back of the ovens..

page_text: If, on the other hand, the apertures Q are opened, and the communication
between the flues of the lower ovens and the flues K are closed, then the
whole of the flames will pass through the apertures Q, and after passing up
through the spaces I', G¹, on each side of the ovens C¹, will enter the flues.
K through an opening over the top of the ovens C¹. If again the dampers
Rare so placed that both the apertures Q and the communication between
the lower ovens and the flues K are partially open, then one portion of
the draught will pass round the lower ovens and the other portion will
pass round the upper ovens. In order to afford sufficient room for a hot
plate A', the fire-place B is made to project out in front of the ovens, the
sides thereof being formed by projecting parts D, D, of the boiler E.
The fire-grate B is in this case provided with a flue K', passing underneath
the boiler E, and up the back of the same. It is also quite closed in front
and provided with a fire-door b. In each of the before-described modi-
fications of my improved Kitchener the requisite draught may be obtained,
even with an open chimney, by continuing the flues K', K', some distance
up the latter.
Having now described the nature of the several parts of my Invention,
and the manner in which they are to be performed, I wish it to be under-
stood that what I claim under the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent is,―
First, constructing portable cooking apparatus having a fire-grate
situated between two or more ovens inside a casing, and closed in at top
by a cover provided with an air space for admitting air on to the top of
the fire, which fire-grate communicates, by means of two openings pro-
vided with dampers, with flues surrounding two or more boilers fixed in
the casing over the before-mentioned ovens, substantially as herein-before
described with reference to Figures 1 to 5 on the accompanying Drawing.
Second, constructing portable cooking apparatus as described in the
first claim without the air space over the fire, and with the casing between
the boilers recessed down so as to constitute a hot plate, substantially as
herein-before described with reference to Figures 6 to 10 on the accom-
panying Drawing.
Third, constructing Kitcheners so as to be entirely self-contained by
forming the whole of the flues in the casing thereof, instead of partially
in the brickwork as heretofore, substantially as herein-before described.
Fourth, arranging the flues in Kitcheners, after passing round the tops,
outer sides, and bottoms of the ovens, to pass up against the inner side
thereof to the under side of the fire-grate, where they communicate with.

page_text: the flues formed at the back of the boiler; also, bringing the boiler
forward into the fire-grate, so that the said flues at the back thereof are
flush with the back surface of the Kitchener, substantially as herein-
before described with reference to Figures 11 to 20 on the accompanying
Drawing.
Fifth, forming water spaces on each side of the fire-grate of Kitcheners
separate from the boiler at the back thereof, for heating water for baths
and other purposes, substantially as herein-before described with reference
to Figures 11 to 15 on the accompanying Drawing.
Sixth, placing the dampers or valves to the oven flues of Kitcheners at
the top of the flue, passing down the outer side thereof, in place of in the
chimney flue as heretofore, substantially as and for the purposes herein-
before set forth.
Seventh, constructing Kitcheners with two upper ovens placed over the
lower ones, and making the fire-place to project in front of the ovens, so
as to afford room for a hot plate, substantially as herein-before described
with reference to Figures 21 to 25 on the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Hazard Huntly, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
SAMUEL HAZARD HUNTLY. (L.S.)