IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TWO PLY AND THREE PLY SCOTCH OR KIDDERMINSTER CARPETS AND SIMILAR FABRICS AND IN THE MACHINERY FOR WORKING THE SAME
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Braithwaite of Airethwaite Kendal in the
County of Westmorland Carpet Manufacturer for an Invention of IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TWO PLY AND THREE PLY SCOTCH OR
KIDDERMINSTER CARPETS AND SIMILAR FABRICS AND IN THE MACHINERY
FOR WORKING THE SAME
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Braithwaite at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st July 1882.
JOHN HENRY BRAITHWAITE of Airethwaite Kendal in the County of Westmor-
land Carpet Manufacturer IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TWO PLY
AND THREE PLY SCOTCH OR KIDDERMINSTER CARPETS AND SIMILAR FABRICS AND
IN THE MACHINERY FOR WORKING THE SAME
For improvements in the manufacture of two ply and three ply Scotch or
Kidderminster carpets and similar fabrics and in the machinery for working the
same particularly in the form and mechanism of the Jacquard machine used in the
weaving of such fabrics
The special results obtained by this invention are A the production of carpets
and other figured cloths in which the design shall be shown more plainly sharply
and distinctly both on the front and the back than has hitherto been possible; by.
so manipulating the warps that the same colored threads shall work with and lay
over their corresponding and same colored weft threads as well on the back as on.
the front particularly in the case of "shot and shot" or "double" shot and shot"
carpets that is where separate threads of different colors are used alternately both
in the wefts and warps of each sparate ply or cloth, And B to prevent what is.
technically called "specking" or "grinning" that is showing through on the face of
the cloth portions of the warp that ought at the time only to be working on the
back In the ordinary method of weaving Scotch or Kidderminster carpets and.
similar cloths a Jacquard machine is used having two eyes in each needle and two*
lifting boards with holes and niches cut therein each reversely to the other. That
is if the niches cut from the holes of one board lie or point in one direction the
niches cut from the holes of the other board lie or point in exactly the opposite
ID 1

page_text: direction. In conjunction therewith planes are used which rise and fall in regular
alternate order as actuated by the Jacquard
In my invention the before described Jacquard machine is retained but the action
of the planes is dispensed with and instead thereof a second or supplementary
Jacquard machine is used having needles precisely similar to its fellow or companion
machine with two eyes in each needle and two lifting boards with holes and
niches. These holes and niches are however cut and placed in a special and
peculiar manner namely one half the holes and niches in each board are so cut and
placed as to lie or point in exactly the opposite direction to the other half of the
holes and niches in the same board and so that when the knotted tail or harness
cords are placed each through its proper niche and needle eye, number one niche
shall lie or point in one direction and number two niche in exactly the opposite
direction. number three in same direction as No. 1 and No 4 same as No. 2 and so
on, while at the same time the two boards are so placed that the holes and niches
of the one board lie or point in exactly the opposite direction to the corresponding
holes and niches of the other board-These two Jacquard machines may be placed to
work together in any desired Juxta position or may be made together as one double
Jacquard machine having two sets of needles two barrels or cylinders over which
the cards revolve and two sets (that is to say four) lifting boards and requiring
two sets of cards to form the pattern that is one set of cards for each set of
needles These cards must be cut in the following manner Number one set of
cards for the old or No 1 Jacquard machine is cut in the ordinary manner as at
present Number two set of cards for the New or No 2 Jacquard machine is cut
alternate cards ground and figure that is to say on the first card cut all the ground
showing on the first lash or weft thread of the design and on the second card cut
all the figure showing on the second lash or weft thread of the design, on the third
card all the ground on the third lash of the design and on the fourth card all the
figure on the fourth lash of design and so on or vice versa as the design may
require
In attaching this invention to the loom where a double Jacquard is used which
has its parts placed one above the other all the harness cords and attachments
remain just as at present the knotted tail cords or hooked wires passing through
the needles and lifting boards only being lengthened to enable them to work in
both parts of the machine at one and the same time-When a second or supple-
mentary Jacquard machine is used in Juxtaposition to the old one with separate
knotted tail cords or hooked wires such tail cords are attached by harness to their
corresponding harness threads in the loom-In weaving with this invention the
two parts of the Jacquard machine work together at one and the same time so far
as regards the needles and lifting boards the latter being so arranged that one
board in each part of the machine rises at the same time and together with one
board in the other part of the machine but in reverse order that is when No 1
board having all the figure warp threads attached, rises in No 1 machine; No 2 board
having the ground warp threads rises in No 2 machine; then when No 2 board
and ground warp threads rises in No 1 machine No 1 board and figure warp rises
in No 2 machine and so on in alternate and reverse order.-The barrels or cylinders
may be made to move either together or separately, one after the other as desired
This invention may also be made with needles having three eyes in each and
six lifting boards instead of four the holes and niches being cut and placed in the
same peculiar and reverse order before described so far as regards four of the lifting
boards and the boards arranged to lift in the same alternate and reversed order
only extended to the whole six. In this arrangement the cards are cut as follows-
Number One set in the ordinary way as at present the other sets either all the
figure showing on the design throughout or all the ground showing or vice versa as
required

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent and of
an Order of the Lord Chancellor filed by the said John Henry Braithwaite in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 20th February 1883.
JOHN HENRY BRAITHWAITE of Airethwaite Kendal in the County of Westmor-
land Carpet Manufacturer IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TWO PLY
AND THREE PLY SCOTCH OR KIDDERMINSTER CARPETS AND SIMILAR FABRICS AND
IN THE MACHINERY FOR WORKING THE SAME
"
one
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of two-ply and three
ply Scotch or Kidderminster Carpets and similar fabrics and to the machinery for
working the same particularly the form and mechanism of the Jacquard machine
used in the weaving of such fabrics; and the special results obtained by this
Invention are; The production of Carpets or other figured cloths in wch the
pattern shall be shown more plainly, sharply, and distinctly, both upon t₁ \front
and the back than has hitherto been possible: To enable the introduction
or more extra colored weft threads, with or without corresponding extra co
warps; To prevent what is technically called specking or grinning; and so
manipulate the warps that the same colored threads shall work with, and lay
over, their corresponding and same colored weft threads, as well upon the back
as upon the front, especially in what are known as "shotabouts," that is, carpets
or fabrics that are woven with alternate threads of different colors, both in the
warps and wefts, of each separate ply or cloth-In the ordinary method of weaving
Kidderminster or Scotch carpets and similar cloths, a Jacquard machine is used
as B in Figure 1 having two eyes in each needle and two lifting boards b, b
with holes and niches cut therein, each reversely to the other, that is, if the
niches cut from the holes of one board lie or point in one direction, the niches
cut from the holes of the other board lie or point in exactly the opposite
direction, as shewn at G. H. Figure 4.-In conjunction therewith planes are used
which rise and fall in regular alternate order as actuated by the Jacquard.-In
my Invention the before described Jacquard machine B is retained in its old form
but the action of the planes is dispensed with and instead thereof a second or
supplementary Jacquard machine A Figure 1 is used having needles precisely
similar to its fellow or companion machine with two eyes in each needle, and two
lifting boards a. a. with holes and niches-These holes and niches are however cut
and placed in a special and peculiar manner namely, one half of the holes and niches
in each board are so cut and placed as to lie or point in exactly the opposite
direction to the other half of the holes and niches in the same board as shewn
in E F Figure 3, and so that when the knotted tail or harness cords are placed
each through its proper niche and needle eye, number one niche shall lie or point
in one direction and number two niche in exactly the opposite direction, number
three in the same direction as Number one, and number four the same as Number
two, and so on, while at the same time the two boards are so placed that the holes
and niches of the one board E lie or point in exactly the opposite direction to the
corresponding holes and niches of the other board F. These two Jacquard
machines may be placed to work together in any desired juxtaposition or may be
made together as one double Jacquard machine as A. B. Figure I having two sets of
needles, two barrels or cylinders C. D. over which the cards revolve, and two sets
(that is to say, four) lifting boards, a a b, b, and requiring two sets of cards to
form the pattern, that is, one set of cards for. each set of needles
These cards must be cut in the following manner; one set of cards for the old
or B machine are cut in the old ordinary manner, the other set for the new or
A machine are cut alternately ground and figure, that is, on the first card cut all

page_text: the ground showing on the first lash or weft thread of the design, and on the
second card cut all the figure showing on the second lash or weft thread of the
design, on the third card all the ground on the third lash of the design, and on
the fourth all the figure on the fourth lash of the design, and so on, or vice versa as
the design may require
In attaching this Invention to the loom where a double Jacquard is used which
has its parts placed one above the other, as A. B. Figure 1. all the harness cords &°.
remain attached to the loom in the old way without alteration the knotted tail
cords or hooked wires passing through the needles and lifting boards as I. I. in
Figure 2 only being lengthened to enable them to work in both parts of the
machine at one and the same time.
Where a second or supplementary Jacquard machine is used in juxtaposition to
the old one with separate knotted tail cords or hooked wires, such tail cords are
attached by harness to their corresponding harness threads in the loom. In weaving
with this invention the two parts of the Jacquard machine work together at one
and the same time so far as regards the needles and lifting boards, the latter being
so arranged that one board in each part of the machine rises at the same time and
together with one board in the other part of the machine, but in reverse order;
that is, when number 1 board having all the figure warp threads attached rises in
the A machine Figure 1, number 2 Board, having the ground warp threads, rises in
the B machine, Then when number 2 board and ground warp rises in the
A machine, number 1 board and figure warp rises in the B machine and so on in
alternate, and reverse order.-To accomplish this combined reverse motion the
corresponding or twin lifting boards are connected together by the shaped rods M
and Nattached at the studs O and P to the levers R. R. S. S. which are actuated by
the treadles or driving shaft of the loom-The barrels or cylinders C. D. may be
made to move either together or separately or one after the other, and either
connected with or independently of the lifting boards, as desired.
In using one or more extra colored weft threads the same machines are used,
and the cutting of the cards extended so as to raise or depress such warp threads
as have been selected to work with the extra weft thread, where it is to be shown,
either on the front or back of the cloth, and to conceal such extra thread between
the other plies of the cloth where not required to show on either side-To obtain
this result the cylinder C. Figure 1 is worked separately from and independently of
the lifting boards and revolves so as to bring a fresh card to actuate the needles
with every weft thread woven in, while the cylinder D turns once only with every
third weft thread,-remaining stationary while the two intervening threads are
woven, the same card working the needles for all three shutes.
=
The cards are cut as follows, one set for B Jacquard as before. described in the
old ordinary manner, the other set for A machine with three cards for every
single weft thread, showing on the face of the design, thus, for the first lash or weft
thread of the design three cards marked 1 a, 1 b., 1c, for the second lash or design
three cards marked 2a, 2b, 2 c, for the third lash 3a, 3b, 3c, and so on, then
cut on the:-
1 a, card all the holes necessary to raise the whole of the ground warp threads
shewing on the first lash of the design-all the holes necessary to raise the whole
of the figure warp threads shewing on first lash of design-and nothing at all
where the extra color shows on the first lash of the design
On the 16 card-all the ground showing on the first lash of design-Nothing at
all where figure shews on first lash of design-All the holes necessary to raise the
whole of the warp threads working with the extra color on first lash of design
On the. 1c card-cut again all the ground showing-again nothing at all where
figure shews and nothing where extra color shews:-..
On the 2 card-all necessary to raise the whole of the ground warp threads
showing on 2nd lash of design-all necessary to raise the whole of the figure
warp threads shewing on second lash of design-and all the extra color showing
on second lash.of design.

page_text: On the 2b card nothing at all where ground shows on second lash-cut all the
figure showing on the second lash-all necessary to raise the whole of the warp
threads working with the extra color on second lash
On the 2c, card:-nothing at all where ground shows on second lash-cut all the
figure showing on the second lash; and all the extra color again as in the 2 a
card:-Then the number 3 a. 36 and 3c cards are cut in the same way as their
corresponding number 1 cards: -The 4 a, 4 b, 4c same as their corresponding
number 2 cards and so on.
In weaving with the extra weft threads the lifting boards are so actuated by
the treadles or driving shaft of the loom that the boards a 1, 62, Figure I.
rise twice consecutively followed by a 2, 61, once only then again a 1, 62, twice,
a 2, b1 once, and so on.
This Invention may also be made with needles having three eyes in each and
six lifting boards instead of four, the holes and niches being cut and placed in the
same peculiar and reversed order before described so far as regards the four extra
additional lifting boards and the boards arranged to lift in the same alternate and
reversed order, only extended to the whole six. In this arrangement the cards are
cut as follows-one set for B Jacquard in the old ordinary way,-the other sets
either all the figure showing on the design or all the ground showing or vice versa
as required
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I claim :-
1. The manufacture and use of machines for weaving carpets and similar and
analogous fabrics for the purpose of effecting the several and respective
improvements hereinbefore described or referred to, and shewn on the drawings:-
2. The novel combination and arrangement of the several and respective parts
together forming and effectuating my improvements in the manufacture of two
ply and three ply Scotch or Kidderminster carpets, and similar fabrics, and in
the machinery for working the same, substantially as hereinbefore described and
shewn on the drawings, or any mere modification thereof.
In witn[e]ss whereof I the said John Henry Braithwaite have hereunto set
my hand and seal this seventeenth day of February in the year of our Lord
one thousand eight hundred and eighty three.
THA
TTY
• THETTI TES