matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED PLOUGH
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th March 1863.-A communication from abroad by Jean Germain
Felix Clamageran, of La Lambértre, Gironde, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
PLOUGH," a communication to me from abroad by Jean Germain Felix
Clamageran, of La Lambértre, Gironde, France, to be as follows:-
This plough is composed of a beam or body similar by its share, coulter,
mould board, handle, and oblique axle to the ploughs usually used in vineyards,
but differing from them in the tie piece, and a vertical shaft turning in sockets,
one of which is on the heel. The upper part of this shaft receives the
moveable handle and the shaft further carries the small plough beam, which
is composed of a concave mould board, a coulter, and share. If the ploughman
acts upon the moveable handle the small plough beam will describe a greater
or lesser angle, and if on the contrary he brings it against the fixed handle
the small beam will come into line and be lodged between the mould board
of the main beam and its fore part. The obliquity of this movement is
regulated by a double segment of a circle placed on the tie piece and pierced
with holes, into which passes an iron pin for arresting the moveable handle.

page_text: This plough by means of a moveable frame fitting on the axle lends itself to
every description of ploughing in lines or furrows, whether one horse (or
other animal) be on the left of a row of vines or other plants, and the other
horse on the right, or whether both be on the same side, and this plough
by changing the form of the instruments will work between two rows of all!
plants cultivated in ridges or lines.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Farmerley Dickson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st July 1863.
I, JOHN FARMERLEY DICKSON, of Bouverie Street, Fleet Street, in the
City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
boots and shoes. Boots and shoes are now commonly manufactured in which
the soles are connected with the uppers by means of metal rivets, and here-
tofore the heads or ends of these rivets have been left on the surface of the
sole, which is thus more or less disfigured, so as to depreciate the value of the
boot or shoe.
Now according to my Invention when employing rivets to connect the upper
of a boot or shoe with the sole, I conceal the heads of the rivets by grooving
or channelling the sole where the line of rivets is to come, so that when the
rivets are driven in and clenched their heads may sink to the bottom of the
groove or channel, and this afterwards is closed by means of a heated iron, so
as completely to hide the heads of the rivets in a similar way to that in which
the stitches of a sewn boot or shoe are concealed. Or in lieu of grooving
or channelling the sole, I drive the rivets in at an angle, in place of vertically
through the sole as heretofore, so that whilst the rivets still obtain a sufficient
hold of the sole, their heads may come close up to the edge thereof. I drive
the rivets somewhat below the surface of the sole, and then hide them by

page_text: passing a hot iron round the edge of the sole as is commonly practised. Or
ngain, the sole may be split all round the edge, so that a thin strip of it may
be able to turn back, and in this case the rivets are driven and clenched
whilst the said strip is bent back and tho strip is afterwards cemented down
to the solo so as to cover the heads of the rivets which are thus effectually
concealed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RED COLOURING MATTER
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Virgo Wilson, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th July
1863.
I, WILLIAM VIRGO WILSON, of Jubilee Street, Mile End, in the County of
Middlesex, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RED COLOURING MATTER,"
to be as follows:-
I take a mixture of analine with its homologue toluidine, to which I add
nitric acid in small proportion, about five per cent. of the latter or its equivalent
in other nitrates. The temperature of the mixture should then be raised. I
find 250° Fahrenheit suitable. Maintaining the temperature I add from time
to time binoxide of manganese until the operation is finished. The mass will
then assume, when cold, a hard bronzed appearance, from which the red colour-
ing matter may be extracted by the usual_known methods. Other acids, such
as iodic, chloric, perchloric, arsenic, manganic, permanganic, may be used in the
place of the nitric acid in the small proportion above mentioned. And in the
place of the binoxide of manganese other metallic peroxides.
AN IMPROVED GAS METER
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Walter Friend at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th February
1863.
I, JOHN WALTER FRIEND, of Freemantle, Southampton,, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED GAS METER," to be as
follows (that is to say) :-
My Invention has reference to an improved construction of gas meter of
the description known as dry gas meters, whereby greater economy and
uniformity of action is obtained than by those at present in use, and consists
in employing, in lieu of the ordinary measuring drum or chamber, a vessel of
cylindrical form mounted upon a suitable stand or base, and fitted with a
piston, so as to work freely within the same, and admit of being actuated by
the pressure of the gas through the meter, the said piston being packed with
mercury, and provided with a piston rod passing through a stuffing box on the
top or cover of the cylinder, to which also two parallel plates are affixed
carrying an horizontal spindle, which receives motion through the medium of
toothed wheel and pully gear direct from the piston rod, a four-way tap being
employed in connection therewith, as also a small gravitating lever and
alternating stop stud motion, by the rising and falling of which the plug of the
tap is carried round to the quarter port, and again on the reverse side in like
manner at each up and down stroke of the piston, whereby the gas is admitted
and regulated to the meter, and the indicators set in motion.
A NEW METHOD FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Willcocks Sleigh, of London, in the County
of Middlesex, Doctor of Medicine, for the Invention of "A NEW METHOD
FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER."
Sealed the 21st December 1868, and dated the 23rd June 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Willcocks Sleigh
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd June 1863.
I, WILLIAM WILLCOCKS SLEIGH, of London, in the County of Middlesex,
Doctor of Medicine, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW METHOD FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in rendering nugatory one of two antagonistic forces.
I support an axle or shaft in a frame, and to this shaft or axle is fixed one or
more arms, and at the extremity of each arm or arms is fixed a small chamber
with a loose lid. This lid is kept from separating from the chamber, and yet
made to travel with the chamber vis-à-vis, or parallel to its bottom, by a system
of levers acting on a ring fixed to the frame, and also with a ring loose on the
axle, in connection with toothed wheels and levers. Into this chamber or
chambers I pump a fluid or liquid, which necessarily acts in every direction
on the internal, surface of the chamber. The force acting against the lid

page_text: cannot counteract the force acting on the bottom of the chamber, forasmuch
as the said lid has no tie whatever to the chamber, being supported and retained
in its position by the mechanism above alluded to. It must therefore be self-
evident that the force acting against the bottom of the chamber, which is fixed
to the arm, having no antagonistic force, must produce a rotatory motion of said
chamber or chambers, the arm or arms, and axle or shaft to which it is fixed,
and whatever machinery may be attached to said axle or shaft.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PACKING FOR STUFFING-BOXES AND PISTONS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Tees at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd October
1863.
I, JAMES TEES, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Packing Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PACKING FOR STUFFING-BOXES AND PISTONS," to be as follows,.
that is to say-
This Invention relates to packing for stuffing boxes and pistons, and has for
object the better application of the lubricating matter, combined with tightness
and easy motion, and the improvements are specially applicable to a kind of
packing in common use, which packing consists of a ring formed of canvas
with vulcanised rubber embedded therein, and having a covering of wire cloth
upon the rubbing surface, that is, on the inner surface in stuffing box packing,
and on the outer surface in piston packing.
One improvement consists in making the material for the rubbing surface
of wire and woollen or worsted threads interwoven, instead of being of metal
alone, or instead of woollen or worsted other threads of animal or vegetable
fibre may be used. The canvas used in the construction of the ring is usually
prepared with a mixture containing grease, black lead, sulphur, and alum, but
by the present Invention rosin is used instead of the sulphur and alum, as it
has less tendency to soften and injure the rubber.
A NEW MODE OF MANUFACTURING BRICKS AND TILES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Bell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st October
1863.
I, THOMAS BELL, of Wishaw, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "A NEW
MODE OF MANUFACTURING BRICKS AND TILES," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to a new manufacture of bricks and tiles whereby not
only may the bricks or tiles be produced at very small cost, but also certain by-
products or hitherto refuse materials may be satisfactorily utilised, and the
present inconvenient occupation of large areas thereby be considerably reduced;
and the Invention consists in making bricks and tiles of the by-products or
residue remaining in the retorts used in distilling products from bituminous
shales or schists or other like minerals containing aluminous matters.
In carrying out the Invention the material may be moulded as it comes
from the retorts into bricks or tiles of any suitable form, or if necessary its
plasticity may be increased by the admixture of water. The quality of the
material may also be modified by the admixture of suitable natural clays or
earths. The moulded bricks or tiles having been dried if necessary are burnt
in the manner of burning common bricks.
A NEW APPARATUS FOR THE PREVENTION OF RAILWAY ACCIDENTS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mara Matilda Twining at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the
23rd December 1868.
I, MARA MATILDA TWINING, of Grove Lodge, Clapham, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW APPARATUS FOR THE PREVENTION
OF RAILWAY ACCIDENTS," to be as follows:-
Whereas many railway accidents have occurred owing to the driver of the
locomotive being ignorant of what is going on behind him; fire sometimes
breaks out; and yet he speeds unwarily on his way, increasing the evil by
meeting the wind; and thus literally adding fuel to the flame; carriages get
off the line, axles break, or another train follows close upon him, still the
driver is ignorant of the mischief; and there are usually no available means of
warning him of such dangers. On the Gt Western line the necessity of
watching behind is sometimes provided for by having an extra man close to
the driver in a raised box especially for this object, but no other lines conform
to such an expence. Great objections have very reasonably been made to
signals and bells of communication with the carriages, which might be trifled
with by nervous ladies, but the following is thought to be a very simple and
practical way of meeting the difficulty. In all locomotives which have
weather-boards there is an available space, as the top does not reach the
height of the funnel by about 2 feet. Upon this weather-board, or upon the
engine itself if this be absent, it is proposed to fix by strong screws or rivets

page_text: a kind of mirror, slight inclined forwards, constructed of either silvered glass
of unusual thickness, or of the metal used for lighthouse reflectors, very
slightly concave or not, as experiment may prove to be best. Being slightly
inclined towards the driver he will be able to see all that is going on behind,
and yet by no means will his front or side view be impeded; nor will this
Invention at all interfere with the usual position of the steam pressure gauge
or other apparatus. The engine driver might obtain in this reflector timely
notice of many casualties, such as fire, axles breaking, the vicinity of trains,
besides that signals might be preconcerted with the guard and reflected
likewise. Although some lines adopt ways of making up the trains which
would impede a view over the carriages, such is by no means a necessity. On
many lines these hindrances do not exist, and they might always be avoided if
an object were attainable thereby.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING WOOL, ALPACA, MOHAIR, COTTON, SILK, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Farrar at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd October
1863.
I, JAMES FARRAR, of Halifax, in the County of York, Machinist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING WOOL, ALPACA, MOHAIR,
COTTON, SILK, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to that class of spinning and doubling machinery
known as "cap frames," in which the spindles are fixed, and the bobbins
carried upon rotating tubes and wharves thereon, with a cap placed on the
top of each spindle to guide and retard the yarn as it is wound on the bobbins
by the rotation thereof. The imperfect drag and rapid rotation of the bobbins
causes the loose fibre of the yarns to fly out and stand off from the thread,
which is objectionable. To remedy which I detach the bobbins from the
wharves by applying a boss or collar on each spindle betwixt the wharves and
bobbins, and I form a groove in the spindle longitudinally for a pin or tongue
in the boss to enter, so that the said boss may slide up and down the spindle
with the traverse motion but not rotate thereon. The bobbin is placed upon
this boss with a suitable size of cloth or other washer betwixt to produce the
required drag. Above the said boss or collar I place a tube on which the
bobbin is free to revolve. The said tube projects through the bobbin to
receive the boss of a fly or fork which may be either attached thereto or left
free to revolve upon it. The arms of the said fly or fork are made to rotate

page_text: by extending downwards into a flange or dish formed on the wharve to
receive them, and which likewise prevents the expansion of the arms at high
velocities. Or these flys or forks may be extended upwards from the wharve
and be united at the top by a ring sufficiently large for the bobbin to pass
through. These flys or forks being carried around the bobbins (by the
wharves) wind the yarn thereon, and as the thread is better dragged and
thereby kept close to the cap the loose fibre of the yarn is prevented from
being thrown out and consequently a better yarn is produced. In using caps
for doubling I prefer traversing the spindle rail instead of the copping rail,
thereby avoiding the variation in the tension of the driving bands, which is the
case when the wharves are traversed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INDICATING THE LOCALITY OF FIRE, APPLICABLE ALSO TO DENOTING THE POSITION OF SHIPS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry James at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
April 1868.
I, WILLIAM HENRY JAMES, of Old Kent Road, in the County of Surrey,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN INDICATING THE LOCALITY OF FIRE, APPLICABLE ALSO TO DENOTING
THE POSITION OF SHIPS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the combined employment of a spy glass or tele-
scope from a fixed tower, and of a map of the city, town, or locality within the
range of a telescope from the point of observation, and in causing a tracer to
travel with the motions of the telescope, and indicate on a map the spot at
which the object observed is situated. I take my observation from a high
tower, and place the observing glass in a frame free to move horizontally and
vertically, I connect this frame by rods with a tracer, which partakes of similar
motions to those of the frame and according to the angle, and the position of
the glass so the tracer indicates the spot on the map of the object observed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PRINTED OR PARTICOLORED YARNS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Julius Boeddinghaus at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th July
1868.
I, JULIUS BOEDDINGHAUS, of Elberfeld, in the Kingdom of Prussia, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS
OR APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PRINTED OR PARTICOLORED YARNS," to be as
follows:-
The improvements relate to means or apparatus for producing printed or
particolored yarns by printing the fibres in several different colors simul-
taneously either before or after they have been formed into yarns, so as to
produce peculiar effects to weavings or other productions from such yarns. For
this purpose the fibres in the form of yarns or otherwise to be printed are caused
to pass between a pair of printing cylinders, the surfaces of which are prepared
to receive and print the desired colors in the form and order desired. The
respective colors are supplied to the surfaces of these printing cylinders at the
times or places desired by other print rollers, which are supplied with color
from print troughs. These color rollers are supported on weighted levers or by
other suitable means, have a tendency to be borne towards the printing
cylinders to impart color to them, but are kept from the printing surfaces of
such cylinders, except when required by moveable studs or surfaces adapted to
be applied in relation to the surfaces of the respective color rollers so as only
to admit those for the time required to give off their color to the printing
cylinders. The order of coloring and the number of the color rollers may be
varied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE RAKES AND HAND RAKES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Perkins at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd July
1863.
I, THOMAS PERKINS, of Exchange Buildings, Hitchin, Hertfordshire, Iron-
monger, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HORSE RAKES AND HAND RAKES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in rakes, and refers especially
to drag rakes, whether of a size to be drawn by a horse or by manual labor.
These rakes, as heretoforo constructed, consist of a number of teeth, usually
straight, set in a bar or head; this bar or head rests on the land and is drawn
forward by draft chains, the points of the teeth being foremost. The bar or
head has a beam or handlo fixed to it by means of which the workman, as far
as he is able, keeps the points of the teeth clear of the land, but at the same
time so close down to it that the material to be raked up shall not escape the
points of the teeth.
According to my Invention I much facilitate the use of such rakes by attach-
ing at each end of the bar or head (or in other positions upon it) wheel arms,
similar to the teeth, and carrying small wheels which run upon the land and so
keep the points of the teeth raised to the proper degree (neither more or less).
Or in place of wheel arms I sometimes employ slide arms, the ends of which
rest on the land and are rounded so as not to catch; they, in the same manner
as the wheel arms and wheels, keep the points of the teeth in their proper
positions. Or the same object may be obtained by fixing slides or rounded en ls

page_text: to the points of certain of the teeth at intervals apart along the length of
the rake.
I also, according to my Invention, in some cases arrange drag rakes so that
they may be enlarged when required by the addition of lengthening pieces to
the bar or head, and this I do by means of sockets, of which one is placed at
cach end of the bar or head to receive both the end of the bar or head, and
also the end of the lengthening piece, and so it couples the two together.
In some cases, in order that the rake may follow better the inequalities of
the land, I make the bar or head in two or more pieces, and connect the
parts together by hinge or similar joints, which allow of the parts of the bar or
head inclining the one to the other, as the inequality of the land may require.
The joints may be locked to render them rigid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PAVEMENTS FOR ROADS, STREETS, OR WAYS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Pemberton Carter at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th February 1863.
I, CHARLES PEMBERTON CARTER, of Kennington Hall, in the County of
Kent, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PAVEMENTS FOR ROADS, STREETS, OR WAYS," to be as
follows:-
I cast, mould, or form iron or similar hard metal into blocks or pieces of
various shapes and sizes, and then place them together so as to form a road,
consolidating the same with stone, concrete, or other material into a compact
surface having however good foothold for horses and other cattle, or other-
wise. To effect this, I at present purpose to adopt the following method of
laying the material:-First, I construct a solid substratum either of iron,
stone, wood, asphalte, or other material concreted or beaten into a solid mass...
and lay this substratum arched in the centre thus
to admit of proper
drainage, or depressed in the centre thus
or inclined from one side
Over the substratum I propose to
of the road to the other thus
lay a loose covering of small iron chips or castings of various sizes and shapes,
or of one uniform size and shape; and either I leave them thus loose, or add
chalk or sifted gravel for the purpose of binding them; or, secondly, I
purpose to construct the road of iron chips or castings uniformly laid down in
concrete, and arched or depressed in the centre according to circumstances.
The material thus laid can be picked up and roughed from time to time as it

page_text: becomes smooth by the action of horses' feet, and the like. In some places
where the foundation is solid, hard,. and good, I mend the roads by merely
laying the iron chips or castings loosely upon the already existing macadamized
surface, instead of on granite or flint chips.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR UNWINDING CRINOLINE STEEL
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Osborne at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th April
1863.
I, SAMUEL OSBORNE, of Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, Stay
and Crinoline Skirt Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR UNWINDING CRINOLINE STEEL," to be
as follows:-
My Invention consists in a roller supported at each end by upright pieces
of wood or any other suitable material so as to allow the roller to revolve
freely. On this roller I place the crinoline steel.
My Invention also consists in placing a piece of wood or any other suitable
material above and parallel with the roller, the ends of which parallel picce to
slido in grooves in the uprights which support the roller and to be acted on by
a spring or springs so placed as to press the parallel piece towards the
roller.
My Invention also further consists in a piece of brass or any other suitablo
material passing down each sido of the roller and through the parallel piece
above the roller, and mado moveable by a screw to suit any steel which may
be put on the roller, the steel on the roller is kept on the one side by the
upright, on the other by the brass, and above by the parallel piece, and thus
prevented from springing about in any way, and by means of a handle which
I placo to the roller the crinoline steel can be rolled off or on at pleasure.
AN IMPROVED ADVERTISING MEDIUM
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Beral Bertram at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd July 1863.
I, BENJAMIN BERAL BERTRAM, of Jewin Street, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED ADVERTISING
MEDIUM," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in printing upon or affixing to collars and cuffs or
wristbands worn by ladies and gentlemen advertisements or announcements,
such as are at present printed in newspapers. The intention of this Invention
being to establish a cheap advertising medium for the public by gratuitously
distributing the articles above named on which advertisements are either
printed or affixed thereto, this being dependent upon the material of which
same are made; for example, if wholly of paper, then the advertisements may
be printed thereon, but if of a woven fabric, then said advertisements may be
affixed thereto by an adhesive composition, and said advertisements be so
distributed as to cover the whole or nearly so of one side, or only the band
thereof, and that part not exposed to view when in wear.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHEPFONIER BEDSTEADS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Julia Eyles at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the 23rd March
1863.
I, JULIA EYLES, of George Street, Portman Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Milliner and Dressmaker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHEPFONIER BEDSTEADS," to be as follows:-
My improvements in cheffonier bedsteads consists in so arranging and
fitting them as to contain and present for use all the fittings and utensils
necessary for a bed room. I make the greater part of the cheffouier to contain
a turn up bedstead, which is enclosed by single or double doors in the front of
the cheffonier. The bedstead consists of a suitable frame and sacking or other
suitable bottom, with hinged legs to fall down to support the bed bottom from
the floor. This bedstead, as before mentioned, occupies the greater part of the
length of the cheffonier, while the other part is occupied with trays or shelves,
and is furnished with a door at the end of the cheffonier, by which access is
bad to the utensils contained. The upper tray or shelf is furnished and fitted
suitably for washing, a wash-hand basin being inserted, while the ewer may
stand on a lower shelf, or it may be placed in the basin as usual, if the height
above admits of it. I fit a tray or shelf below, so as to slide, whereby it
may be removed from below and placed above the basin shelf, and form a
table, on which a looking-glass may be placed, or the looking-glass may be
permanently mounted on this shifting shelf, which at same time forms a
dressing table. I sometimes place a looking-glass on the under side of
that part of the cheffonier top which is over the washing stand part,

page_text: which top being hinged may be placed upright or in other suitable position for
a glass when desired. In the lower part of the washing and utensil com-
partment of the cheffonier, a foot bath and other bed room utensils may be
placed.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS POR FEEDING OR SUPPLYING WATER TO STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Gleave and Thomas Young
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
2nd June 1863.
We, WILLIAM GLEAVE and THOMAS YOUNG, both of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS POR FEEDING OR SUPPLYING
WATER TO STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to an economical arrangement and construction of
apparatus for raising water and for impelling or forcing it into boilers or steam
generators. The apparatus consists in an outer casing or tapering cylinder,
which is attached to the boiler by means of a pipe or hollow connection; the
upper end of this casing is separated from the lower by a dise valve so as to
form a water chamber or reservoir at the top, and this chamber is connected
with the water inlet pipe. In the centre of the outer casing are a series of
hollow cones, one placed below the other, gradually diminishing in size, and
connected together by a central tube which terminates near to the point of
connection with the boiler. The apex of all the cones are placed uppermost and
the bottoms are perforated, so that when steam is supplied by means of a pipe
to the apex of the top cone there will be a continuous course of numerous jets
of steam down to the narrower end of the casing. The disc valve supplies the
water by a number of tubes on to the exterior surface of the top cone, and the
jets of steam impel the water down on to the next cone, and so on until the
water has received sufficient momentum to enable it to enter the boiler, its

page_text: return being prevented by a valve opening inwards only. The stream of
water and steam down the lower part of the casing causes sufficient vacuum
in the upper chamber to lift water from a lower level. We would also
remark that a similar effect may be obtained by employing one large perforated
conical steam chest (instead of several small ones), the narrowest end of this
cone in this instance being downwards and enclosing such cone within a cor-
respondingly tapering case, the inner surface of which is provided with a series
of ribs or projections to convey the water into such a position as to be acted
upon by the jets of steam issuing from the cone; this latter arrangement may
be worked in a horizontal position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ATTACHING GUARDS TO PRESSURE GAUGES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Silvester at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th April
1869..
1, JOHN SILVESTEB, of the Firm of George Salter and Company, of West
Bromwich, in the County of Stafford, Manufacturers, do hereby declare tho
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ATTACHING GUARDS TO
PRESSURE GAUGES," to be as follows:-
The dials of pressure gauges are commonly covered with a glass plate; tho
said glass plate is liable to be broken, to prevent which it is frequently
defended by a guard. The said guard consists of a perforated metal plate
fixed over the glass, and through the perforations in the said guard the indi-
cations of the gauge can be read. The said guard is commonly affixed to the
guage by a hinge or by a cap fixed on the rim of the gauge.
My Invention consists of the following improvements in attaching the guard
to the gauge. I make the guard in one piece with the rim by which the
glass plate is held in its place in front of the dial plate, the rim and guard
being made in one piece either by casting or stamping; or the rim and guard
may be made in separate pieces, and joined together either by soldering,
screwing, rivetting, or otherwise; or I make the guard separate from the rim,.
but of such a size that it will fall into or enter the said rim. In this case I
insert two pins or screws in a radial direction in the rim and opposite cach
other, and I make a notch in the edge of the guard. By inserting the edge
of the guard under one of the said pins or screws, and causing the notched

page_text: part of the edge to pass the other pin or screw, the guard may be brought
underneath the said pins or screws; by now turning the guard until the
notch in its edge is not opposite either of the pins or screws the guard is
securely fixed in its place. By this last-described improvement the guard may
be readily removed for the cleaning of the glass, or the guard may be placed 5
on the front of the rim and secured thereto by screws.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND MODE OF ATTACHING OF INDIA- RUBBER AND OTHER COMPOSITION SOLES TO BOOTS AND SHOES, OR TO THE UPPERS THEREOF
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th December
1863. A communication from abroad by Charles MacBurney, of Boston,
in the County of Suffolk, State of Massachusetts, United States of
America.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND MODE OF ATTACHING OF INDIA-
RUBBER AND OTHER COMPOSITION SOLES TO BOOTS AND SHOES, OR TO THE UPPERS
THEREOF," a communication to me from abroad by Charles MacBurney, of
Boston, in the County of Suffolk, State of Massachusetts, United States of
America, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the mechanical attachment of india-rubber, gutta
percha, and other composition soles to boots and shoes, or to the uppers
thereof, and to a peculiar construction and mode of manufacture of such soles,
whereby their mechanical attachment is readily and efficiently accomplished.
The essential features of this Invention consists in the production of
vulcanized india-rubber or other composition soles designed or adapted for
attachment to to boots and shoes by mechanical means, in lieu of by cement.
Also of a sole composed of vulcanized india-rubber, or other composition
provided with holes for the reception of nails, pegs, rivets, threads, rivets, or
other mechanical devices, by means of which such sole may be attached to a
boot or shoe, or to the uppers thereof, the holes being formed previous to

page_text: walcanization. Also of an india-rubber sole having rivets or other clinching
devices partly embedded therein. Also in forming a groove or channel in
india-rubber or other composition soles for containing the thread employed in
attaching such sóles to the boot or shoe, or uppers. When fastenings are
partly embedded in these soles, a metal last, or a last plated with metal is
employed, in order to bind or clinch the fastenings inside the boot or shoe,
and to prevent the fastenings from being withdrawn from the composition sole,
äit is proposed to have canvas, strips of metal, or woven wire imbedded in the
sole, whereby great strength is the same time imparted to such rolls,
enabling them to be mailed or rivetted without having holes previously made
therein.
A NEW AND IMPROVED MUSICAL INSTRUMENT OF THE HARMONICA CLASS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bertram Van der Mark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
January 1868.
I, BERTRAM VAN DER MARK, residing at No. 8, Great John Street, Man.
chester, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "A NEW AND
IMPROVED MUSICAL INSTRUMENT OF THE HARMONICA CLASS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the arrangement and construction of a
musical instrument to be called a "Mark harmonica," for either one, two, or
other suitable number of performers. The chief aim of the Invention is
intended to facilitate part singing of hymns and sacred music at family
worship, to encourage the study of vocal music, to promote congregational
singing in all churches and chapels, and effective teaching in families and
schools.
The instrument assumes different shapes according to the number of per-
formers for which it is intended, viz., if for four performers the instrument
may conveniently assume the form of a table; by preference, three feet long,
two feet six inches wide, and two feet eight inches high, or thereabouts; if for
six performers the form of a hexagon; and if for eight performers the form of
an octagon.
The instrument is divided into separate compartments for soprano, alto,
tenor, and bass, each compartment containing the full compass of one of these
parts. If for six performers the compartments would, by preference, be as
follows: Two sopranos, two basses, alto, and tenor, and if for eight per-

page_text: formers two sopranos, two altos, two tenors, and two basses. There are
consequently either four, six, or eight distinct "key-boards" to perform upon.
Stops may be used instead of keys, and to simplify the performance each stop
is numbered for the guidance of the player, each performer having his own
separate part before him and singing and playing the note marked. The
union of voices and players will thus produce vocal harmony with instrumental
accompaniment. The sound of each note is produced by a brass or other
metallic vibrator through the agency of bellows, the action of one foot will
generally be sufficient to feed the instrument with air.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS, AND IN SUPPORTING THE RAILS THEREOF
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Campbell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
July 1868.
I, JAMES CAMPBELL, of Silvertown, in the County of Essex, Contractor,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS, AND IN SUPPORTING THE RAILS THEREOF," to
be as follows:-
My Invention of "Improvements in the Permanent Way of Railways and în
Supporting the Rails thereof," consists in forming the rails with a very deep
web, and in constructing the supporting chairs and sleepers of wrought and
cast iron combined. The latter part of the Invention may be carried out in
various ways, but I prefer to support the rails in a saddle made of cast iron.
The web of the rail is made deeper than usual, so that it may have plenty of
lateral support, which will prevent it from getting out of gauge. This deep web
is inserted into the saddle pieces, which are supported by and rest on dish-
shaped longitudinal sleepers. If desired, the saddle pieces may be divided into
two pieces, each of which will have a hooked piece to support the rail, or the
rails may be supported in wrought-iron saddle pieces rolled to suitable section
to take the web of the rail. In this instance the saddle pieces and longitu-
dinal bearers will be combined in one piece, and may either be subdivided in
lengths of convenient size, or the combined chair and sleeper may be con-
tinued uninterruptedly under the rail throughout its extent. In order to
keep the rails in gauge cross tie rods are used, as in other systems of
permanent way.
AN INSTRUMENT OR HOLDER FOR HOLDING NAILS, SCREWS, OR OTHER FASTENINGS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Justus Charles Droop at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
May 1863.
I, JUSTUS CHARLES DROOP, Partner in the Firm of Messieurs Bever and
Klophaus, Tool Manufacturers, of Schwelm, in the Kingdom of Prussia, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN INSTRUMENT OR HOLDER FOR
HOLDING NAILS, SCREWS, OR OTHER FASTENINGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in magnetizing or applying magnetism in connection
with a tool called a "tack or nail holder," by which means tacks, nails, screws,
or other similar fastenings may be picked up and held by magnetic attraction
in the right position for driving with a common hammer or screwdriver.
The picking up part of this "tack or nail holder" I prefer to construct with
a claw, and having a collar of india-rubber, gutta percha, or other suitable"
non-conducting material to prevent the tacks or nails, screws, or other fasten-
ings adhering thereto otherwise than to the exposed magnetized part of the
"nail holder" which is presented to the tack, nail, or screw to be picked up.
The claw is also convenient for taking out tacks or nails when required. The
head or end of the "nail holder" may be magnetized by any of the ordinary well
known methods employed for magnetizing or rendering articles magnetic.
I do not confine myself to any particular form of the nail holder, as they
may be greatly varied in external form without departing from the nature of
my Invention, which consists in employing a magnetized instrument for
picking up and holding tacks, nails, screws, or other similar fastenings in a
position to be driven by a common hammer or screwdriver.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF CLEANING ORGANIC MATTER
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Thomas Hughes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
February 1863. A communication from abroad by François Théophile
Moison, of 13, Rue Gaillon, Paris, Chemist.
I, EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes and Son, Patent
Agents, 123, Chancery Lane, London, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF CLEANING ORGANIC MATTER,"
a communication to me from abroad by François Théophile Moison, of 13,
Rue Gaillon, Paris, Chemist, to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the treatment of organic matter, more particularly
wool and other fibrous materials charged with fatty and oleaginous or resinous
substances, whereby I separate the said fatty, oleaginous, or resinous substances
from such fibrous or other matter. For this purpose I place the organic
matter in a vessel where it may be subjected to pressure, and then force
through it by means of a pump or by hydrostatic pressure a current of bi-sul-
phuret of carbon or other volatile hydrocarbons, which dissolve the greasy
substances and carry them off with it in a separate receiver, where by means
of heat I separate the one from the other, and subsequently, in order to free
the organic matter from the volatile oil which may have been absorbed in the
mass, I cause it to be traversed by a current of heated air put in motion by a
force pump or an ordinary fan.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CHURNING MILK AND MIXING LIQUID COMPOUNDS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Laurio at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th January
1863.
I, JOHN LAURIE, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Agricultural Implement Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CHURNING MILK AND MIXING
LIQUID COMPOUNDS," to be as follows:-
I place a shaft in a horizontal position outside a vessel of any suitable
shape or dimensions, and turn it by hand or power, and I place inside the
said vessel any convenient number of dashers or beaters to revolve on bearings,
motion being given to them by wheel gearing connected to the horizontal
shaft, so that when it is turned the dashers revolve within each other and in
opposite directions, thus causing great agitation of the liquid or mixture, and
consequently an economization of time and labour.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRINGS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BEDS, SEATS, OR FOR SIMILAR PURPOSES WHERE AN ELASTIC SURFACE IS REQUIRED
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Doyne Dwyer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
March 1863.
I, ROBERT DOYNE DWYER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRINGS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BEDS,
SEATS, OR FOR SIMILAR PURPOSES WHERE AN ELASTIC SURFACE IS REQUIRED," to
be as follows:-
My Invention is designed as a substitute for the transverse wooden or
metallic cross laths or bars employed in beds to support the mattress, and is
also applicable to couches, railway carriage seats, chairs, and for other
similar purposes where resilience is required.
The improvement consists in the, employment and use of two thin laths
bound together at or about the centre of their length by a band of tin or other
confining material, the extreme ends of such laths being forced and retained
apart by wedges inserted between them near the central confining band, which
causes the said loths to become formed thus
It will be obvious that the portion of the wood thus separated will form a
spring at each side of the centre, and these spring laths are to be employed
instead of the ordinary rigid laths at present used, and by being attached to a
hinged framing they may be raised at the head and lowered at the foot of the
bed to, form a reclining bed for invalids.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Marrison at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th December
1863.
I, ROBERT MARRISON, of Great Orford Street, Norwich, in the County of
Norfolk, Gun Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
The improvements relate to an adaptation or combination of parts for
effecting the opening and closing of the breech end of a gun, and they are
adapted to double and single rifles, shot guns, and small ordnance. The
opening or closing of the breech is effected by a combined forward and side
motion. Towards the breech end of the barrel (or barrels of a double-barrel
gun) is formed or applied an axis or pivot, which is received into and turns in
a socket formed for it eccentrically in a boss or circular piece which is attached
to a lever, and is capable of turning in the false breech or body of the gun.
The breech end of the barrel is of a curved form, adapted to turn in contact
with the breech plate, which is of a corresponding form. These parts are also
inclined inwards or undercut. The breech plate has discs or circular metal
projections, which enter the barrel when it is in a position for firing, in order
effectually to close the breech and hold the barrel correctly. The socket in
the boss or circular piece to the lever being formed eccentrically in that boss,
the effect of turning that boss by its lever is to release the breech end of the
barrel somewhat from the breech plate and disc or discs, or metal projections.
On the under side of the barrel or barrels is a pin projecting downwards,

page_text: which works in a groove in the body of the gun. The boss or circular piece
is cut away in a curved form. When the circular piece is moved a quarter
circle, the pin projecting downwards is brought in contact with the cut away
part or catch of the boss or circular piece, and further movement of the lever
carries the barrel to a proper angle on one side, so that the cartridge may be
easily inserted. After loading, by turning the lever the reverse way the curve
of the boss acts on the projecting pin and carries the barrel into the line of
fire, and then the eccentric pushes them home. By this double movement
the barrel is carried forward and aside by one action of the lever. And in
the backward movement of the lever the groove in which the projecting pin
works is gradually closed up by the curve of the boss, thus carrying the barrel
into the line of fire, and then home. I do not, however, confine myself to
these precise details.