IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF WORKING TELEPHONIC EXCHANGES AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1884

page_text: We, LOUIS JOHN CROSSLEY, of Halifax, Carpet Manufacturer, JOHN FREDERIO
HARRISON of Bradford, Wool Comber, and WALTER EMMOTT of Halifax, Electrician,
all in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of our invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF WORKING TELEPHONIC EXCHANGES AND IN
APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH to be as follows:-
-
This invention relates to certain improvements as above and consists of a method
of working telephonic exchanges with a single wire to each subscriber in such a
manner that communication is considerably facilitated while the cost of the
switching apparatus in the Central Exchange is considerably reduced.
To effect this object we connect a telephone on the earth side of each switch
board to which the operator attends and the subscriber in place of ringing up the
central Exchange simply calls out the number required which the operator hears
and immediately supplies. Heretofore this has been accomplished at the cost of
two wires into the subscribers' office. We avoid this by connecting a suitable
indicator capable of recording one or better still two signals from the subscriber
from which it will be seen that the subscriber can call up his correspondent as often
as required after the Exchange has put him through without effecting the Exchange,
while on the other hand he can if desired call up the Exchange to advise him that
he requires another communication or for any other purpose.
In order to reduce the cost of the Central Exchange apparatus and at the same
time accelerate the manipulation of the switchboard we use a special form of spring
board. As the invention stands at present, we use a spring resting on a bar for
each line, when in this position the line is through the operators telephone, but on
receiving a call the operator immediately inserts a plug which lifts the spring and
places it either through a cord or otherwise to the number required. At the same
time an indicator is put into circuit which allows the subscriber to "ring off" and
clear themselves.
By this arrangement we can work without the necessity of an indicator to each
line, only using so many as are required for putting through: for instance if the
average number through at a time in 12 in 50, a fifty line board could be worked
with six Indicators.
For night work we insert a delicate polarized relay or other apparatus on the
earth side of the board to call up the attendant by ringing a bell or otherwise.
Dated this 28th day of August 1884
WAUGH & CHAPMAN,
Agents for the Applicants.

page_text: We, LOUIS JOHN CROSSLEY, of Halifax, Carpet Manufacturer, JOHN FREDERIC
HARRISON, of Bradford; Wool Comber, and WALTER EMMOTT of Halifax, Electrician,
all in the County of York, do hereby declaro the nature of our invention. for
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF WORKING TEelephonic ExchaNGES AND IN.
APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH, and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
.
This invention relates to certain improvements as above, and consists of a.method
of working telephonic exchanges with a single wire to each subscriber in such a
manner that communication is considerably facilitated, while the cost of the
switching apparatus in the Central Exchange is considerably reduced.
To effect this object, we connect'a telephone on the earth side of each switch
board to which the operator attends, and the subscriber in place of ringing up the
central Exchange, simply calls out the number required which the operator hears
and immediately supplies. Heretofore this has been accomplished at the cost of
two wires into the Subscribers office. Wo avoid this by connecting a suitable
indicator capable of recording one, or better still, two signals from the subscriber,
from which it will be seen, that the subscriber can call up his correspondent as
often as required after the Exchange has put him through without effecting the
Exchange while on the other hand, he can, if desired call up the Exchange to
advise him that he requires another communication, or for any other purpose.
:
In order to reduce the cost of the Central Exchange apparatus, and at the same
time accelerate the manipulation of the switchboard, we use a special form of spring
board. As the invention stands at present, we use a spring resting on a bar for
each line when in this position, the line is through the operators telephone, but
on receiving a call, the operator immediately inserts a plug which lifts the spring
and places it either through a cord or otherwise to the number required. At the
same time an indicator is put into circuit which allows the subscribers to "ring off"
and clear themselves.*
By this arrangement, we can work without the necessity of an indicator to each
line, only using so many as are required for putting through: for instance, if the
average number through at a time is 12 in 50, a fifty line board could be worked
with six indicators.
For night work we insert a delicate polerized relay or other apparatus on the
earth side of the board to call up the attendant by ringing a bell or otherwise.
Our invention will be better understood from the following description. Figure 1
illustrates diagramatically the manner in which the operators telephone T is con-
nected on the earth side E of the switch board S. From this diagram it will be
seen that all communications will pass through the operator's telephone T to
carth E while the switch is in its normal position, but on the operator receiving a
verbal call to place one subscriber through to another, by the operator's switch
which may be similar to that shewn at A in Fig. 2; he will, by placing the two

page_text: lines, F and G through by means of plugs P cut his own telephone T out of circuit
until either one or both subscribers give such a signal, as will cause the keeper A
to leave the poles of the magnet N. S, when the armature A will again switch the
two lines F and G through the back contact B. C, to the operator's telephone T.
It will be gathered from this, that as the magnet N. S. will not respond to rapidly
alternating currents of electricity, the two subscribers can ring each other up as
often as required without affecting the armature A; but when their communica-
tions are finished, and it is desired to "ring off," it is only necessary to commutate
the currents in one direction, so that the magnet N. S. shall be neutralized and the
armature A liberated, by which the telephone of the operator is brought into the
circuit, and the subscribers are thus enabled to obtain the exchange again by simply
speaking through the line.
We find that an electro-magnet may be used instead of the permanent magnet
N. S. by adjusting the armature with a spring or other suitable means in such a
manner, that the rapidly alternating currents from a magneto bell do not attract
the armature, while the same currents commutated into one direction will attract
the armature, and thus perform the same operation as indicated in the foregoing
paragraph.
Other forms of indicators may be used, as for instance, the one named in specifi-
cation No 1059, 1883, and the system also adapts itself to almost any form of
switchboard, though we have found the one shewn the most convenient. If desired
resistance may be placed in the short lines of an Exchange system to balance the
circuit, but in practise we find no gain from this.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is
The application to the working of Telephone Exchange systems, the arrangement
of circuits in such a manner that the Telephone is placed in connection with the
subscribers by means of one wire, and the attention of the operator is obtained
verbally instead of by signal as hitherto.