IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PROTECTIVE PAPER ON WHICH SAFETY CHEQUES, BILLS, NOTES, AND OTHER DOCUMENTS MAY BE Dawn
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Francis Davis Ward, of the Firm of Marcus
Ward and Company, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, Ireland,
and of 67, Chandos Street, in the County of Middlesex, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PROTECTIVE PAPER
ON WHICH SAFETY CHEQUES, BILLS, NOTES, AND OTHER DOCUMENTS MAY BE
Dawn"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Francis Davis Ward
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 29th October 1875.
I, FRANCIS DAVIS WARD, of the Firm of Marcus Ward and Company,
of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, Ireland, and of 67, Chandos Street,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PROTECTIVE PAPER
OTHER DOCUMENTS MAY BE
ON WHICH SAFETY CHEQUES, BILLS, NOTES, AND
PRINTED," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to manufacture protective paper on
which safety cheques, bills, notes, and other documents may be printed,

page_text: so that any writing thereon shall not be expunged or obliterated without
detection.
It being well known that many writing inks are delible and can be
removed from paper by chemical solvents or other agents (in con-
sequence of which extensive forgeries have been accomplished by the
facility offered for making fraudulent alterations on bankers' cheques,
drafts, bills, notes, or other documents). To prevent such frauds and
for the purpose aforesaid I mix or incorporate in the paper pulp during
the process of manufacture any writing ink which is delible, using by
preference the most delible descriptions of such ink in sufficient quantity
to give to the paper pulp a perceptible tint considerably lighter however
than the tint of writing in the same ink on white paper. The finished
paper will then be of a light tint, depending for colour on the tint or
shade of the ink used.
If the paper thus prepared be afterwards written upon cither with any
description of delible ink, or with any kind of ink which is permanent
or indelible, any chemical or other agent which will remove or obliterato
delible writing ink will act upon the ink incorporated in the substance
of the paper and will bleach it or produce a stain which will at once
show that the document has been tampered with.
This prepared protective paper is suitable for and may be printed on
with any forms of bankers' cheques, drafts, bills, notes, or other
documents in ordinary oil, ink, or with water colour, or vegetable
ink, either from engraved or incised plates, or from raised surface
blocks in accordance with any of the ordinary or patent processes
now employed, or by the lithographic process, and the use of the said
prepared protective paper will render fraudulent alterations on bankers'
documents virtually impossible without detection.
I am aware that there have been previous Inventions for incor-
porating in the paper pulp various substances which would be sensitive
to the chemical agents employed in expunging or obliterating the
writing, and which may make evident by a stain on the paper that
such agents have been used, and it has also been proposed to mix the
'substances aforesaid with the printer's ink or surfacing material used
in printing or preparing the paper, and I therefore do not claim the
use of any such substances, as aforesaid; but what I claim and desire
to be secured to me by Letters Patent is, the mixing or incorporation

page_text: with the pulp of the paper delible writing ink, thus producing a paper
practically sensitive to any chemical agents or re-agents that will remove
from paper delible writing ink.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Francis Davis Ward in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 29th April 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FRANCIS
DAVIS WARD, of the Firm of Marcus Ward and Company, of Belfast,
in the County of Antrim, Ireland, and of 67, Chandos Strect, in the
County of Middlesex, sond greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in
the thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Francis Davis Ward, Her
special license that I, the said Francis Davis Ward, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Francis
Davis Ward, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PROTECTIVE
PAPER ON WHICH SAFETY CHEQUES, BILLS, NOTES, AND OTHER DOCUMENTS
MAY BE PRINTED," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Francis Davis Ward, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Francis Davis Ward, do hereby
Jint

page_text: is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say :—
The object of this Invention is to manufacture protective paper on
which safety cheques, bills, notes, and other documents may be printed,
so that any writing thereon shall not be expunged or obliterated without
detection.
It is well known that many writing inks are delible and can be
removed from paper by chemical solvents or other agents (in con-
sequence of which extensive forgeries have been accomplished by the
facility offered for making fraudulent alterations on bankers' cheques,
drafts, bills, notes, or other documents). To prevent such frauds and
for the purpose aforesaid I mix or incorporate in the paper pulp during
the process of manufacture any writing ink which is delible, using, by
preference, the most delible descriptions of such ink in sufficient quantity
to give to the paper pulp a perceptible tint considerably lighter however
than the tint of writing in the same ink on white paper. The finished
paper will then be of a light tint, depending for color on the tint or
shade of the ink used.
If the paper thus prepared be afterwards written upon either with
any description of delible ink, or with any kind of ink which is
permanent or indelible, any chemical or other agent which will remove
or obliterate delible writing ink will act upon the ink incorporated
in the substance of the paper, and will bleach it or produce a stain
which will at once shew that the document has been tampered with.
This prepared protective paper is suitable for and may be printed on
with any forms of bankers' cheques, drafts, bills, notes, or other
documents in ordinary oil, ink, or with water color, or vegetable
ink, either from engraved or incised plates, or from raised surface
blocks in accordance with any of the ordinary or patent processes
now employed, or by the lithographic process, and the use of the said
prepared protective paper will render fraudulent alterations on bankers'
documents virtually impossible without detection.
I am aware that there have been previous Inventions for incor-
porating in the paper pulp various substances which would be sensitive
to the chemical agents employed in expunging or obliterating the
writing, and which may make evident by a stain on the paper that

page_text: such agents have been used, and it has also been proposed to mix the
substances aforesaid with the printer's ink or surfacing material used
in printing or preparing the paper, and I therefore do not claim the
use of any such substances as aforesaid; but what I claim and desire
to be secured to me by Letters Patent is, the mixing or incorporation
with the pulp of the paper delible writing ink, thus producing a paper
practically sensitive to any chemical agents or re-agents that will remove
from paper delible writing ink.
In witness whereof, I, the said Francis Davis Ward, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of April, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
six.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
above-named Francis Davis Ward,
in the presence of
ALEX. LOCKHART,
Sol'.,
4, Queen's Square,
Belfast.
FRANCIS D. WARD. (L.S.)