IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Oates Greenwood, of Bradford, in the
County of York, Manufacturer, Daniel Mills, Designer, and Mason
Pearson, Overlooker, both of the same Place, for the Invention of
W
Sealed the 11th August 1871, and dated the 16th February 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Oates Green-
wood, Daniel Mills, and Mason Pearson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 16th February
1871.
We, JOHN OATES GREENWOOD, of Bradford, in the County of York,
Manufacturer, DANIEL MILLS, Designer, and MASON PEARSON, Overlooker,
both of the same Place, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
:-
This Invention relates to looms for "swivel" weaving, and are further
improvements therein or upon such looms for which Letters Patent

page_text: were granted to James Raper, and the said Daniel Mills, and Mason
Pearson, dated 16th October 1869, No. 3024, and these improvements
consist,―
Firstly. In a means of holding the tappet shaft in proper position when
working or rotating intermittently or when its motion is stopped for the
introduction of the figure weft. This is effected by the application to the
said shaft of a circular plate flattened at two opposite sides, and a
spring “hammer" or holder to act thereon. Also in the application of
a knife or spring catch which takes into a notch in the stem of the said
holder to prevent its action on the said plate when the tappet shaft is in
continuous motion or during the time the ground weft is being introduced,
and which catch is instantly removed out of the notch by the catch box
lever at the time the catch box is thrown out of gear for the intermittent
motion of the said tappet shaft. Also in the application of a stopper
or fixed stop for the moveable part of the catch box to come into contact
with, when out of gear, with the plate to hold the shaft or stop its
rotation at the proper time. We also dispense with springs on the
catch box plate, and form inclines in both directions, and thereby avoid
breakages of the said springs, and render the action of the said catch
box more easy and less noisy.
Secondly. In a self-acting means of changing the positions of the
shuttles on the lathe or batten at certain intervals so as to produce
figures on the fabric nearer together or in diagonal lines of arrangement
thereon. This we effect by the application of a screw carried in a stand
fixed on the lathe and passing through a nut or screwed plate fixed on
the rail or bar which carries the rack wheels and shuttles, and on this
screw is fixed a spur wheel gearing with another spur wheel, to one
side of which is affixed a star wheel and to the other a catch plate; also
hinged to a stand fixed to the loom end are a pair of catches so con-
structed and arranged as to be operated by springs from the jacquard
apparatus for one catch to come into contact with the wheel on one side
when the lathe recedes, or for the other catch to act upon the other side
of the said catch plate, whereby the screw can be turned in either
direction, and thereby causing the said rail or bar to move endwise on
the lathe backward and forward at suitable intervals as required according
to arrangement of the cards on the jacquard cylinder or apparatus.

page_text: Thirdly. In an improved method of picking or producing the traverse
motion of the figure shuttles, which consists of a horizontal rocking shaft
mounted upon and carried by the lathe swords near their fulcrum, and on
one end of which is fixed a pulley over which a strap is passed, and the
ends connected respectively to two treddles or treading levers operated
by a peg leg or a pendant arm from a lever hinge to the loom end, and
which is actuated by a tappet on the crank shaft when placed in suitable
positions for that purpose as follows:-In the said lever which carries
the pendant arm there is hinged in a horizontal position a small bell
crank lever which is actuated by the ordinary catch lever of the taking up
apparatus so as to be placed out of position of position for action thereon
by the tappet on the crank shaft during the plain weaving or when the
figure shuttles are not required to be in action, but when the said shuttles
are to be operated the low shaft is stopped as hercin-before explained, and
thereby no motion is given to the taking up lever, and the said bell crank
lever is left projecting from the side of the lever in position to be
actuated by the tappet on the crank shaft when the pendant arm operates
the treading lever which gives motion to the horizontal rocking shaft on
which are two pullies fixed, and to each pulley is attached one end of
a belt, chain, or cord, passing over other pullies carried on studs fixed to
the batten and attached respectively to each end of the rack, the said
belts, chains, or cords, being attached to the pullies on the shaft on
opposite sides so that by a rocking motion of the said shaft reciprocating
motion is given to the rack which works the figure shuttles.
Fourthly. The Invention relates to means of raising and lowering the
shuttles out of or into the shed, which consists of a lever hinged by pre-
ference to the back bottom rail of the loom at one end, and to the other is
a rod connecting with a lever fixed on a shaft hinged on the batten, on
which shaft are also two levers connected to the shuttle and rack rail.
The said lever, which is hinged to the back rail, we operate by means of
a tappet on the crank shaft actuating a lever and pendant arm (when
placed in position for the purpose) by similar means and manner as
heretofore described to give motion to the rocking shaft for working the
figure shuttles.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Oates Greenwood, Daniel Mills, and
Mason Pearson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 16th August
1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
OATES GREENWOOD, of Bradford, in the County of York, Manu-
facturer, DANIEL MILLS, Designer, and MASON PEARSON, Overlooker,
both of the same Place, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of February, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said John Oates Greenwood, Daniel Mills, and
Mason Pearson, Her special licence, that we, the said John Oates Green-
wood, Daniel Mills, and Mason Pearson, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as wo, the said John Oates Greenwood,
Daniel Mills, and Mason Pearson, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfuly might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said John Oates
Greenwood, Daniel Mills, and Mason Pearson, our executors
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
or
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Oates Greenwood, Daniel
Mills, and Mason Pearson, do hereby declare the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be par-
ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement (that
is to say) :-
This Invention relates to looms for "swivel weaving" and are further
improvements therein or upon such looms for which Letters Patent

page_text: were granted to one James Raper, and the said Daniel Mills, and Mason
Pearson, dated the 16th day of October 1869, Number 3024, and these
improvements consist,-
Firstly. In a means of holding the tappet shaft in proper position
when working or rotating intermittently or when its motion is stopped
for the introduction of the figure weft. This is effected by the application
to the said shaft of a circular plate flattened at two opposite sides, and
a spring hammer or holder to act thereon. Also in the application of a
knife or spring catch which takes into a notch in the stem of the said
holder to prevent its action on the said plate, when the tappet shaft
is in continuous motion or during the time the ground weft is being
introduced, and which catch is instantly removed out of the notch by the
catch box lever at the time the catch box is thrown out of gear for the
intermittent motion of the said tappet shaft. Also in the application of
a stopper or fixed stop for the moveable part of the catch box to come
into contact with when out of gear with the plate to hold the shaft or
stop its rotation at the proper time. We also dispense with springs on
the catch box plate and form inclines in both directions, and thereby
avoid breakages of the said springs and render the action of the said
catch box more easy and less noisy.
Secondly. In a self-acting means of changing the positions of the
shuttles on the lathe or batten at certain intervals so as to produce
figures on the fabric nearer together or in diagonal lines of arrangement
thereon. This we effect by the application of a screw carried in a stand
fixed on the lathe and passing through a nut or screwed plate fixed on
the rail or bar which carries the rack wheels and shuttles, and on this
screw is fixed a spur wheel gearing with another spur wheel, to one side
of which is affixed a star wheel and to the other a catch plate. Also
hinged to a stand fixed to the loom end are a pair of catches so con-
structed and arranged as to be operated by strings from the jacquard
apparatus for one catch to come into contact with the wheel on one side
(when the lathe receeds) or for the other catch to act upon the other
side of the said catch plate, whereby the screw can be turned in either
direction, and thereby causing the said rail or bar to move endwise
on the lathe backward and forward at suitable intervals as required
according to arrangement of the cards on the jacquard cylinder or
apparatus.

page_text: thereto.
The first part is shewn on Sheet 1, wherein Fig. 1 is an end elevation
and Fig. 2 is part of the back elevation of same. A is the tappet shaft.
B is the circular plate flatted on two opposite sides B¹ and B². C is the
spring hammer or holder, the hammer C being pressed up by the spring
C. D is the spring catch which takes into a notch in the stem of the
hammer when the catch box E is in gear, and is removed by the catch
box lever F when the said catch box is thrown out of gear. G is the
stop or stopper fixed to the loom end which is placed and formed so that
when the moveable part E¹ of the catch box is thrown out of gear it
comes into contact therewith and is thereby stopped in proper position,
and the shaft A is prevented from rotating, it being understood that the
rotary motion of this shaft A is effected by the catch box when in gear,
the plate E being a fixture on the side of the wheel H which is loose on
the said shaft A but in gear with the wheel I fixed on the crank shaft J,
while the part E' of the said catch box fits so as to be slidable on a
square part of the shaft A (see details, Figs. 3 and 4,) so that when the
two parts of the catch box are in gear motion is communicated from the
crank shaft to the tappet shaft A, but when the catch box is out of gear
the said shaft A does not rotate. The throwing out of gear is effected
by means of a finger K carried in a slot of the lever F, and capable of
sliding up or down therein by the action of a lever L mounted on a
shaft L' on which is another lever L³ operated by cord L³ from the
jacquard, so that when this finger is lifted or raised in the slot it passes
through a notch in the rim of the plate upon one or other of the inclines
E' (see details, Figs. 3 and 4,) formed on the face thereof, which forces
the lever F to remove the part E¹ out of gear with the part or plate E of
the catch box. Also instead of using springs on the face of the catch
box plate E to retard the action of the moveable part E¹ when coming
into gear as heretofore, we form inclines thereon at E³, so that their
coming together is rendered more easy, less noisy, and more certain.
The second part of our Invention is shewn on Sheet 2, wherein Fig. 1
is an end elevation of a loom to which the Invention referred to
patented the 16th day of October 1869, Number 3024, is applied, and
Fig. 2 is a portion of the front elevation of same. A is the slay board,
batten, or lay; B, the reed; C, one of the sword arms or oscillatory arms
which carry the same. D is the hand rail which holds the reed in

page_text: position; E, is the rod or bar which carries the rack wheels and series of
shuttles F as described in the Specification of Patent referred to.
To cause these shuttles to be traversed or moved sideways to place
them in different positions relatively to the fabric under operation of
being woven with figure in, we apply a screw G so as to work in a
nut or screwed plate H fixed on the rod or bar E. This screw G is
carried on a stand I fixed to the lathe or sword arm thereof and on
the end is a spur wheel J gearing in another spur wheel K carried on a
stud fixed on the said stand I on one side of which is a star wheel M
and on the other is catch plate or wheel N which is acted on by a
spring hammer P for holding the same in any desirable position. This
star wheel is acted upon as the lathe moves back by the catches Q, R,
which are operated or brought into action thereon by strings, chains,
or other connections from the jacquard apparatus, one catch turning the
screw in one direction while the other catch turns it in the opposite,
(as will be readily understood) and thereby to traverse the shuttles as
required. The leading parts above referred to as constituting the
second part of this Invention are shewn in detail on Sheet 3 where the
same letters are used to denote the same parts of the machinery.
The third part of this Invention is also shewn on Sheet 2 of these
Drawings, where S is the horizontal rocking shaft mounted in bearings
on and carried by the sword arm C, and on one end of this shaft is
fixed a pulley T over which a strap T¹ passes, the ends of which are
connected respectively to two treddles or treading levers T and T
hinged to the loom end, and which levers are operated by a peg leg or
pendant arm U, hinged to a lever U¹, which is hinged to the loom end.
In a slot of this lever is hinged a bell-crank lever U², which is actuated
by the ordinary catch lever V of the taking-up apparatus so as to place
the lever U2 out of position or so as not to be acted upon by a tappet V¹
fixed on the crank shaft V2 during the plain weaving, but when the
tappet shaft A rotates intermittently for the introduction of the figure
weft or when the said shaft is not in motion the said lever V is not
operated, and consequently the bell-crank lever Us is not removed out
of but remains in position, and is acted upon by the tappet V¹ which
thereby effects a treading action or motion on the pendant arm U, and
by the action of a small cam X fixed on the shaft A the pendant arm
is placed alternately on the pins of the treading levers so as to produce
a rocking motion of the shaft S, on which is fixed two pullies S¹ and S

page_text: and attached to each (on opposite sides) is a strap or cord S³ and S*
which pass over pullies Y carried on studs fixed to the screwed plate H,
and thence extend to and are attached respectively to each end of the
slide rack Z, which by means of small spur wheels gives motion to the
shuttles F for introducing the figure weft in manner as fully explained
in the Specification of Patent dated the 16th day of October 1869,
Number 3024, herein-before referred to.
The fourth part of our said Invention is shewn on Sheet 4 of these
Drawings, which represents the opposite end elevation of the said loom
with this part of our improvements applied thereto. A is a lever hinged
to a cross rail B which is bolted to the back and front rails ; C is a rod
connecting this lever with the lever D, which is fixed on the rod or
bar E and carries the rack wheels and shuttles as previously explained.
Attached to the other end of the lever A is a spring F which is also
attached to a lever G carried on a stud fixed to the loom end, and hinged
to this lever is a peg leg or pendant arm H. A tappet I is fixed on the
crank shaft J, which operates the lever G to effect a tredding motion of
the arm H which takes or acts upon a stud or pin A¹ fixed in the
lever A (when at liberty to do so) and thereby operates the said lever.
K is a tappet fixed on the tappet shaft, and so placed that when the
said shaft is in motion it will prevent the arm H from taking or acting
upon the stud, but when the said tappet shaft is not in motion the
tappet K will be in the position shewn, and the arm H will actuate
the lever A and thereby give motion to the lever D to lower the shuttles
into the shed; and on the tappet I ceasing to depress the lever G the
spring F operates to raise the shuttles out of the shed and so on.
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention, and shewn
by Drawings in what manner the same is performed or carried into
practice, we would have it understood that what we claim as of our
Invention is,―
Firstly. The apparatus for holding the tappet shaft in proper position
for the introduction of the figure weft as herein fully described and
set forth.
Secondly. The apparatus for effecting the desired change of position
of the shuttles on the lathe or batten as described and illustrated.
Thirdly. The method of picking or producing the traverse motion of
the figure shuttles by a combination and arrangement of mechanism
substantially as shewn and described herein.

page_text: Lastly. The apparatus for raising and lowering the shuttles out of and
into the shed in manner herein fully described and illustrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Mason Pearson, for and on behalf of
myself and the said John Oates Greenwood and Daniel Mills,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of 5
August, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-one.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named Mason Pearson, in
the presence of
W*. TASKER,
Patent Agent,
Halifax & Bradford.
MASON PEARSON. (L.s.)