CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS, FOR DRAINING, SUBSOILING, AND CULTI- VATING LAND
Year: 1843

page_text: TO ALL
WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
READ, of Regent Street, in the County of Middlesex, Machinist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twenty-first day of June, in the seventh year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said John
Read, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I,
the said John Read, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said John Read, my exors, adññiors, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention
of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS, FOR DRAINING, SUBSOILING, AND CULTI-
VATING LAND;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the
said John Read, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters
Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully
and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Read, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the
Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon,
(that is to say):-

page_text: My Invention relates-first, to improvements in ploughs for draining and
subsoiling land; and, secondly, my Invention relates to improvements in that
description of ploughs called turn-rest ploughs, for cultivating land, and also,
combined therewith, means of subsoiling and draining land; and in order that
the Invention may be fully understood, and readily carried into effect, I will
proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto annexed, in the various Figures
of which the same letters are used to indicate similar parts.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a side view of a subsoil plough, having my improvements
applied thereto; Figure 2 shews a plan thereof, and the improvements consists
in applying two pairs of wheels to run on the land. The other Figures of
this Drawing shew some of the parts separately. a is the beam; b, b, and c, c,
are the two pairs of wheels applied to this description of plough, by which the
plough will be carried by the four wheels, as shown. The share or tine used
with this description of plough may be varied from that shewn in the Drawing.
This plough is principally intended to follow in the furrow of another plough,
and the wheels come near together at the lower parts in order that they may
run in a furrow made by a previous plough.
I will now describe my improvements as applied to that desepiption of
ploughs called turn-rest ploughs, that is, ploughs which, having gone up
and completed a furrow, may, by moving the mould board to the other side of
the plough, go down and complete the next furrow, turning the land in the
same direction as was done in making the previous furrow. The parts of
such descriptions of ploughs may be varied without departing from my
Invention, and the frame may be made of iron or wood. My improvements
in this description of ploughs consist in applying a pair of wheels of equal
diameter to the fore part of such ploughs, both wheels running on the land,
neither of the wheels being in the furrow; also the application of a pair of
wheels of equal diameter, or one wheel to support the hinder part of such
description of ploughs, such wheels running in the furrow as it is formed;
and, further, the application of a mole share or subsoil share to turn-rest
ploughs. Figure 3 shews a side view of a turn-rest plough, having my im-
provements applied thereto; Figure 4 is a plan thereof. The other Figures
shew separate parts marked with the same letters of reference. The turn-
rest plough shewn in the Drawings is very similar to that known as the
common Kentish turn-rest plough, but that it has my improvements applied
thereto. d is the beam; e, e, are a pair of wheels which support and carry
the fore part of the beam. These wheels turn on necks or axes carried by the
bar f, such bar passing through the beam d is secured in any desired

page_text: position by the screw g pressing against it, or it may be secured by other
convenient means. These wheels are of the same diameter, and both run
on the land about to be ploughed. h, h, is a pair of wheels which carry the
hinder part of the plough. These wheels run in the furrow as it is formed,
and the depth of furrow is regulated by the fore and hind wheels, in the
manner above stated, by the bars which carry the axes or necks being
allowed to come through the beam, more or less, and their being fixed by
their respective screws, or by other convenient means; or in place of using
a pair of wheels to support the hinder parts of the plough I sometimes
employ one roller or wheel, as is shewn at i; this depends on the state of land.
j is a mole share applied to a turn-rest plough where it is desirable to subsoil
the land as well as plough and turn over the surface.
Having thus described my Invention, and the means pursued by me in
carrying the same into effect, I would remark that I do not confine myself
to the precise details shewn; but what I claim is,-
First, the combining two pairs of wheels with a subsoil plough, all the
wheels running on the same plane.
Secondly, I claim the application of a pair of wheels, both running on the
land, to support the fore part of a turn-rest plough.
I also claim the application of one or two wheels to support the hinder
parts of a turn-rest plough; and I also claim the application of a mole or
subsoil share to turn-rest ploughs.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Read, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twentieth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-three