CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS AND APPARATUS FOR WEAVING VELVET PILE AND TERRY-FACED FABRICS, AND A CERTAIN MODE OF PRODUCING DESIGNS ON SUCH LIKE FABRICS
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Burch, of Crag Works, near Macclesfield,
in the County of Chester, Manufacturer and Engineer, for the Invention
of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS AND APPARATUS FOR WEAVING VELVET
PILE AND TERRY-FACED FABRICS, AND A CERTAIN MODE OF PRODUCING DESIGNS
ON SUCH LIKE FABRICS."
Sealed the 14th July 1865, and dated the 18th January 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Burch at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th January 1865.
I, JOSEPH BURCH, of Crag Works, near Macclesfield, in the County of
Chester, Manufacturer and Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS AND APPARATUS FOR
WEAVING VELVET PILE AND TERRY-FACED FABRICS, AND A CERTAIN MODE OF
PRODUCING DESIGNS ON SUCH LIKE FABRICS," to be as follows:-
The first part of my Invention relates to certain of those parts of the power
loom which insert the wires under the face warp and withdraw them after
they are woven into the fabric, when the terry is formed. This combination
of parts is called the wire motion. There are many patented Inventions of
wire motions more or less complicated, and some of them ineffective. The
parts of the wire motion to which I have adapted my improvements consist of

page_text: a slide rail, which is attached to the side of the loom, and projects therefrom
at a right angle. Upon the slide rail there is a slide or carriage, which
traverses to and fro on the slide rail, by its outward action withdrawing the
forward wire from the face of the fabric, and on returning inserting it in the
open shed under the face warp, to be again woven into the fabric. A dozen
wires, more or less, are used, and thus withdrawn and inserted in rotation.
The wire heads pack side by side at the side of the loom on the wire head
plate, which keeps them in position as the weaving progresses. Instead of
fixing the drawing nib or catch which takes hold of the wire head to the slide
carriage, and by other means when the wire is withdrawn cause the wire head
to shift laterally backwards across the slide carriage before re-insertion, I
perform both these operations by means of a crank lever, which is placed on
the upper surface of the slide carriage. The wire drawing nib is fixed to one
arm of this lever, which I call the drawing arm. This arm, when a wire is
about being drawn, is kept in a line with the slide rail by means of a spring.
So soon as the next wire head in rotation has advanced against the drawing
arm of the lever the outward action of the slide carriage commences, and the
drawing nib having caught hold of the wire head, the wire is withdrawn.
Just before the slide carriage reaches the end of its outward action, the other
arm of the crank lever comes in contact with a fixed stop, which throws the
drawing arm of the lever across the slide carriage, and presses the wire head
laterally against the wire head stop, which is fixed through the slide carriage,
and projects from both surfaces. There is a concentric slot through that part
of the slide carriage where the wire head makes its lateral movement. A stud
fixed to and projecting downwards from the side of the drawing lever arm
moves in this slot, and by pressing against that part of the wire head which is
underneath the slide carriage, as well as that part which is above, the lateral
movement of the wire head is more easily effected, and it is also kept in
correct position during re-insertion, while the crank lever arm is held against
the wire head after its lateral movement by means of a catch attached to the
slide carriage. The wire head stop is placed about three-eighths of an inch
nearer to the fulcrum of the cranked lever than the fixed stud attached to the
side of the drawing lever arin, which has the effect when it presses the wire
bead against the "wire head stop" of throwing the other end of the wire
backwards along the wire rest into the right direction for entering the open
shed. The wire rest receives and supports the end of the wire after it is
withdrawn from the fabric. At the extreme end of the wire rest there is a
hinge joint, by which a tongue weight which rests on the wire rest is jointed
thereto. When the end of the wire is forced backwards, it slides under the

page_text: tongue weight, which is slightly hollowed underneath, up to the end joint, and
as the insertion of the wire takes place, it gradually slides or works itself from
under the tongue weight, which so steadies it during its inward course that all
jerking is prevented. The wire rest in use may be made to rise and fall when
the slide carriage passes along, or it may be fixed to the wire head plate, or
part of it may be moveable and the other part fixed. Just before the carriage
reaches the end of its inward action, the catch which holds the drawing lever
arm against the wire head is withdrawn by coming in contact with a stop
fixed to the side of the loom for that purpose. The lever spring then forces
the drawing arm of the crank lever into position in time for withdrawing the
next wire.
The second part of my Invention relates to an improvement in the mode of
cutting the terry as the wires are withdrawn, in order to leave a velvet pile
face to the fabric. For the purpose of cutting pile fabrics by the ordinary
mode now in use in power loom weaving, a small sharp cutting blade is forged
or fixed edge upwards at the end of each wire; which being inserted in the
usual manner and woven into the cloth, do, when withdrawn, cut upwards
through each loop or terry, and thus form the velvet pile; but the velvet face
so formed is often very rough, in consequence of the loops being cut from
underneath, which process so much strains the loops that the binding-down is
disturbed, which renders heavy wasteful after-cropping necessary before an
even surface is obtained. Now by my improvement I fix the blade in the end
of the wire, with its cutting edge downwards, partly in a fine groove formed
in the top edge of the wire. The end of the blade above the groove is turned
slightly upwards, and points in the direction of the wire head. The cutting
takes place as the wire is withdrawn from the fabric. The loops as they slide
under the point of the knife are cut as soon as they come in contact with the
blade just about or above where it sinks into the groove, when as the loop
is supported on either side by the edges of the groove a clean cut-out is the
result.
The third part of my Invention relates to a mode of cutting the pile to form
velvet-faced fabrics by mechanical contrivances, after the manner of cutting
the wires out of hand-woven fabrics, as practised by hand weavers. The wires
they use are flattened, and have a fine groove on one edge along their whole
length; they are woven into the fabric edge upwards, and are cut out by a
fine instrument, which has a cutting blade in the centre of a guide groove;
this is drawn across the piece along the wire, with the point of the knife in
the groove of the wire, which cleanly cuts it out. This part of my Invention
consists in a mode of cutting out grooved wires by mechanical means, in

page_text: connection with a wire motion, as adapted to a power loom. Each wire has
a groove along its upper edge, as in hand weaving. The heads of the wires
are formed out of flat metal, about the thickness of the wires, which are also
generally flattened, excepting when coarse low pile fabrics are being made.
The chief object to be attained is the moving the wire heads forward at the
same speed as the weaving progresses, but which must be done in so precise
a manner that the centre of the groove in the forward wire shall at the proper
time arrive under the line traversed by the cutting blade, which is fixed end
downwards to the side of a small slide plough. A guide rail is fixed across
the loom over the fabric, upon which the plough, by means of a light con-
necting rod, jointed on to the carriage of the wire motion, is made to traverse
to and fro across the fabric. The knife which cuts from the head to the point
of the wires is lifted at the end of its outward action, and after re-crossing the
fabric, falls into the groove of the next wire, which has then advanced to the
cutting line. The precise onward motion of the wire heads is obtained by the
use of two advancing screws, one above and the other beneath the wire heads,
the edges of which work into the threads of the screws, which have a rotating
intermittent action. When the wire is inserted into the open shed by the wire
motion, as described in the first part of my Invention, the wire head is brought
into position level with the ends of the advancing screws, which make a com-
plete revolution for each wire inserted. The screws are so fashioned at their
extreme ends that the edges of tho wire head shall enter the thread of each.
advancing it at each revolution a distance equal to the pitch of the advancing
screws, which corresponds with the take-up of the cloth, and so on, repeating
the operation with each of the wires as in rotation they are inserted and cut
out on arriving at the cutting line.
The fourth part of my Invention consists in producing figures and designs
on terry-faced fabrics by a peculiar mode of cutting those loops only which
form the intermediate parts of the design, or in other cases only those loops
which form the design, so that one part shall be terry and the other velvet
pile. After the fabric is woven I pass it, face upwards, under the pressure of
a heated plate or roller, upon the face of which the design is formed in relief.
By this heated contact and pressure on the face of the fabric by those parts in
relief which forin the design on the face of the heated plate or roller, the terry
surface of the fabric is completely flattened down, while the intermediate parts
remain standing as before. The fabric then passes across a narrow table, over
which, upon a slide rail, is a traversing slide, to the under surface of which are
affixed a number of knives that have their cutting points hooked forwards.
These knives are so set that their points are all on the same level as the

page_text: surface of the table, and at such a distance therefrom that as the slide traverses
to and fro across the fabric they shall pass over those parts which have been
flattened down, but shall catch and cut those loops only which form the inter-
mediate parts of the design, and, as before described, have been left standing.
The knives under the slide should have a little play or spring sideways, so as
to be able to adjust themselves to cut the centre of the loops. When it is
intended that the design shall be colored, the coloring matter is printed or
padded or dyed in the material, citber before it is woven, or after it is woven
and before it is pressed, or after the design is impressed thereon. All known
processes of printing such facbrics may be applied either to the impressed
parts or to the intermediate parts during any stage of the process.
In order
again to raise those parts which have been pressed down, the fabric is put into
a steam chest, or passed over, face upwards, jets of high-pressure steam, which
forces its way through the fabric, and thereby raises and restores the pressed
loops to their original standing position.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Burch in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
18th July 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPHI
BURCH, of Crag Works, near Macclesfield, in the County of Chester, Manu-.
facturer and Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Joseph Burch, Her special license that I, the said Joseph
Burch, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Joseph Burch, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS AND APPARATUS FOR WEAVING VELVET PILE
AND TERRY-FACED FABRICS, AND A CERTAIN MODE OF PRODUCING DESIGNS ON SUCH
LIKE FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Joseph
Burch, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under

page_text: my, or their, or one of their bands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Burch, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being made to the accompanying Drawing, and to
the letters of reference marked thereon, that is to say :-
The first part of my Invention relates to certain of those parts of carpet
and other power looms which insert the wires under the face warp and with-
draw them after they are woven into the fabric as the terry is formed; this
combination of mechanical details is called the "wire motion." There are
many patented wire motions in use for weaving terry-faced fabrics. The parts
of the wire motion to which I bave adapted my improvements consist of a
slide rail a which is attached to the sido of the loom and projects therefrom
at a right angle. Upon the slide rail there is a slide or carriage b, which
traverses to and fro on the slide rail by its outward action, each time with-
drawing the forward wire from the face of the fabric, and on returning inserting
it in the open shed under the face warp to be again woven into the fabric. A
dozen wires (c), more or less, are used and thus withdrawn and inserted in
rctation. The wire heads cl pack side by side at the side of the loom on the
wire bead-plated, which keeps them in level position as the weaving progresses.
Instead of fixing the drawing nib or catch e, which takes hold of the wire
head to the slide carriage, and by other means when the wire is withdrawn,
cause the wire head to shift laterally backwards across the slide carriage before
re-insertion, as described in the Specification of the Patent granted to myself
and Samuel Fearnley, dated January Twenty-first, One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-four, No. 165, I now perform both these operations by means of a
crank lever e, which is placed on the upper surface of the slide carriage b; the
wire-drawing nib e, is fixed to the side of one arm of the crank lever which
I call the drawing arm el, this arm when a wire is about being drawn is kept
in a parallel line with the slide rail a by means of the spring f, as shewn on
Fig. 1, in dotted lines on the Drawing. So soon as the next wire head in
rotation as the weaving progresses has advanced against the drawing arm of
the crank lever el, the outward action of the slide carriage 6 commences, and
the drawing nib e*, having entered and caught hold by the slotted opening of
the wire head which has then advanced against it, the wire is withdrawn

page_text: from the fabric just before the slide carriage reaches the end of its outward
action. The other arm of the crank lever e2 comes in contact with a stop 9,
which is attached to the fixed framework of the machine at the end of the
slide rail; this throws the drawing arm el and the wire head across the slido
carriage, and presses the wire head against the side face of the wire head
stop h, which is fixed partly above and partly beneath the slide carriage b, and
projects from both surfaces. The side face of the wire head stop h is slightly
convexed. There is a concentric slot e through that part of the slide carriage
where the wire heads make their lateral movement, a stud e4 fixed to and pro-
jecting downwards from the under side of the drawing arm el moves in this
slot, and by pressing against that part of the wire head which is beneath the
slide carriage as well as against the part of the wire head which is above by
the face of the drawing arm, the backward lateral movement of the wire head
is more easily effected, and it is thereby kept in correct position during re-
insertion. The drawing arm e' is then held against the wire head after its lateral
movement by means of a falling lever catch i, the fulcrum of which is jointed
to the top surface of the drawing arm stop j, which is fixed on the slide
carriage; the fullest part of the face of the wire head stop h is rather nearer
to the fulcrum of the crank lever than tho stud e, attached to the under side
of the drawing lever arm which has the effect, when it presses the wire head cl
against the wire head stop h, of more effectually throwing the wire backwards,
sliding it laterally along the wire rest k, and under the tongue weight l, into the
right direction for entering the shed then opening to receive it. The wire rest k
receives and supports the wires as they are in rotation withdrawn from the
fabric; the wire-rest lever k¹, to which the wire rest is attached, works on a
stud which is fixed in the side of the slide rail a. At the extreme end of the wire
rest there is a hinge joint by which the end of the tongue weight is jointed
thereto, when the end of the wire is forced backward it slides under the tongue
weight, which is slightly hollowed underneath near the joint, and, as the
insertion of the wire takes place, it gradually slides or works itself from under
the tongue weight which so steadies the wire during its inward course that all
jerking is prevented. The wire rest k is depressed when on its outward course
the slide carriage b comes in contact with the end of the wire-rest lever k¹, and
it is raised again after the slide carriage has returned by the pressure of the
spring upon the short end of the wire-rest lever in time to receive and
support the next wire withdrawn. Just before the slide carriage reaches
the end of its inward course the flattened end of the lever catch i2 is forced
down by coming in contact with the relieving stud bowl i3, whereby the other
end of the catch lever il is raised, when by the pressure of the spring of the

page_text: drawing arm e¹ is immediately forced back into proper position for withdrawing
the next wire, as indicated in Fig. 1 on the Drawing by the dotted lines.
Projecting at right angles from the end of the drawing arm are two prongs e 6
and e5, these work in guides and steady the drawing arm; the guide for the
prong e6, which works on the surface of the slide carriage is formed in the
under part of the drawing arm stop j. The prong e5 is attached to the under
surface of the drawing arm, and works in a guide formed by the upper and
lower parts of the wire head stop h. Besides steadying the action of the
drawing arm the prong e performs an important function, when the drawing
arm moves the wire head across the slide carriage it, in consequence of.the
position of the centre on which it turns, carries the wire head about ths
of an inch backwards, it is brought forward again by the front face of the
prong e 5, which when the drawing arm has been relieved from the lever catch i
and is again in position for drawing a wire, then forms a square end to the slide
carriage.
Fig. 1 exhibits a full-size plan of part of the slide rail the slide carriage,
and the details as described mounted thereon; Fig. 2 is a side view of
the same; Fig. 8 is a side view of the wire rest and tongue weight; Fig. 4
is an end view of a carpet loom, shewing the position of the wire motion
described, and the ordinary cam and cam lever, lever arms, and connecting
rods for actuating it; Fig. 5 is a front elevation of the same; and Fig. 6
is a plan of the parts comprising the wire motion.
I wish here to remark, having described the first part of my Invention, that
besides claiming the parts of my new wire motion in combination as herein
described, I claim separately for the purposes described the particular con-
struction and adaptation of the tongue weight as jointed to the wire rest as an
improvement upon the part performing the same office as described in the
Specification of Burch and Fearnley's Patent herein-before alluded to, and I
also claim the slide carriage as fitted with the crank lever, and other parts
mounted thereon, after the manner and for the purposes herein described.
The second part of my Invention relates to an improvement in the mode
of constructing the cutting blades to the wires in use for cutting the terry or
face warp in order to leave a velvet pile surface to the fabric. For the pur-
pose of cutting velvet pile fabrics by the ordinary mode now in use in power-
loom weaving, a small sharp cutting blade is forged or fixed edge upwards at
the end of each wire, which being inserted in the usual manner and woven
into the clotb, do as they are alternately withdrawn cut upwards through each
loop or terry of the face warp which binds them down, and thus forms the
velvet pile; but tho velvet face so formed is often very rough in consequence

page_text: of the loops being cut from underneath, which process, especially when the
knives are dull, frequently so much strains the loops that the binding down is
disturbed which renders heavy wasteful after cropping necessary before an
even surface is obtained. Now by this part of my Invention (see Figures 7, 8,
and 9 in the Drawing) I fix. the cutting, blades m to the ends of the wires c,
with their cutting edges downwards, and partly sunk into a fine groove,
formed there in the top edge of the wires and pointing towards the wire head.
The cutting takes place as a wire is withdrawn from the fabric. The loops
as they slide under the point of its knife blade are cut as soon as they come
in contact therewith just about or where it begins to sink into the groove
slightly below the level of the top of the wire, when as the loop is supported
on either side by the edges of the groove a clean cut out is the result.
Facilities for sharpening the knife blades have had to be considered, as in
wires so constructed it is necessary that the cutting blades be raised out of
the grooves before they can be re-sharpened. Fig. 7 shews a blade, ml, forged
edged upwards on the end of the wire c4, and turned over edge downwards
into the groove, forming a loop at the end of the wire; the loop acts as a
spring, and will expand when a pointed wedge is forced into it for the purpose
of raising the blade out of the groove whenever sharpening is required.
Fig. 8 exhibits a wire c5, the end of which is forged to the form shewn on
the Drawing. Through the end in a line with the wire there is a fine mortice
into which the cutting blade m2 is fitted. When the cutting edge becomes
dull this blade can be drawn out of the mortice for the convenience of
sharpening. Fig. 9 exhibits a wire c6, to the end of which a cutting blade m3.
is jointed in the same manner that a blade is usually jointed into a pocket
knife, the small back spring which is rivetted between the wire, which is there
divided for that purpose and to form sides for the end joint, keeps the cutting
blade in position either for cutting or sharpening; the dotted lines beneath
the cutting blades in each of the Figures shew the grooves. Fig. 10 shews
an enlarged section of a wire c, and cutting blade m, as fitted in position for
work.
Having now described the second part of my Invention I claim the mode
and use of wires fitted with cutting blades on the principle, after the manner,
and for the purposes described in this part of my Invention.
The third part of my Invention relates to a mode of cutting the pile to
form velvet-faced fabrics by mechanical contrivances after the manner of
cutting wires out of hand-woven fabrics as practised by hand weavers. The
wires they use are generally flattened, having a fine groove in one edge along
their whole length; they are woven into the fabric grooved edge upwards, and

page_text: are cut out, by a fine instrument which has a cutting blade in the centre of a
guide groove which is drawn across the fabric along the wire with the point
of the cutting blade in the groove of the wire by which means it is cleanly
cut out. This part of my Invention is shewn by Figs. 11 and 12, it consists
in a mode of cutting out grooved wires by mechanical means in connection
with a wire motion as adapted to a power loom. Each wire c has a groove
along its upper edge as in hand weaving, the wire heads cl are formed
out of flat metal, the thickness of the wires which are also generally flattened
excepting when coarse low-piled fabrics are being made. The head of the
wire, as shewn on the Drawing Fig. 12, is of the same form as the wire head
described in the first part of this Invention; but I wish it to be understood
that this part of my Invention is applicable to any of the various forms of
wire heads in use; so long as their top and bottom edges are parallel, because
the chief object to be attained is the simultaneous movement of the wire heads
forward at the same speed as the weaving progresses, which must be done in
so precise a manner that the centre of the groove in the forward wire shall
always at the proper time arrive exactly under the line traversed by the
cutting edge of the knife o, which is fixed on a joint pin with its cutting arm
downwards, to the side of a small plough carriage p; a guide rail 7 is fixed
across the loom over the fabric r, upon which the plough carriage p, by means
of a light connecting rod s is made to traverse to and fro across the fabric.
The joint pin of the connecting rod, to which the two studs 1 and 2 are con-
nected, works in a slotted hole or bearing, and when the plough carriage is
starting to move from the head to the point of the wire, the stud 1, by press-
ing on the cutting arm of the knife o forces the sharpened end down into the
groove
of the wire, in which position it is then drawn across the fabric cutting
out the wire in its course. When the end of this movement is reached and
the action of the connecting rod reversed, the stud 2 by pressure upon the
short arm of the cutter 01, lifts the cutting arm o out of the groove, in which
position it remains until the return traverse is accomplished, when the next
wire baving arrived at the cutting line the same operation is repeated. The
precise onward motion of the wire heads is obtained by the use of two advanc-
ing screws t and u, one above and the other beneath the wire heads cl, the
edges of which are formed to work into the threads on the screws.
When a
wre is inserted into the open shed by the wire motion in the manner described
in the first part of this Invention, the wire head is by the advance of the
pressure stud v kept in position level with the ends of the advancing screws,
which are made to perform a complete revolution for each wire inserted.
The ends of the screws t and u are so fashioned by opening the termination

page_text: of their threads that the wire head shall, with the assistance of the pressure
pin v, as the screws revolve, enter the thread of each, thereby advancing the
wire heads at each revolution of the advancing screws, a distance equal to
their pitch, which must correspond with the take up of the cloth, and so on,
repeating the operation with each of the wires as they are alternately inserted
and cut out on arriving at the cutting line.
This part of my Invention (as shewn by Figs. 12 and 13) may be applied
to wire motions generally, and what I claim with regard to this part of my
Invention is generally the combination of parts in use for the purposes herein
described, and in particular the use of the two advancing screws in connection
with any other mechanical details in the manner and for the purposes herein
described.
The fourth part of my Invention consists in producing figures and designs
on loop-faced fabrics by a peculiar mode of cutting those loops only which
form the intermediate parts of the design, or in other cases cutting only those.
loops which form the design, so that one part shall be terry and the other part
velvet pile. After the fabric is woven with a terry or loop face I pass it face
upwards under the pressure of a heated plate or roller, upon the surface of
which the design is formed in considerable relief; by this heated contact and
pressure on the face of the fabric by those parts in relief which form the
design on the surface of the heated plate or roller, the terry surface of the
fabric is completely embossed or flattened down, while the intermediate parts
remain standing as before. The fabric x is then passed across a narrow table w,
see Figs. 13 and 14, over which upon a slide rail y is a traversing slide %,
through the horizontal plate of which are a number of fine vertical slots, in
which are placed a number of knives 1, the points of which project below the
surface of the horizontal plate to within a small distance of the top surface of
the table w; the cutting points of the. knives 21 may be all set in
tion or otherwise; they form a series of hooked cutting blades.
It is very
important that all the points of the knives are level with each other when set
for work, which is effected by means of a projection, from each side of the
top of each knife (see Fig. 15) upon which they rest on the top surface of
the horizontal plate of the traversing slide, whence they can easily be removed
for the purpose of sharpening. The series of knives being thus set with their
cutting points the required height, which depends upon the thickness of the
foundation of the cloth, and must be so regulated that as the traversing slide
traverses to and fro across the fabric the points of the knives shall pass over
those loops which have been flattened down and shall catch and cut those
loops only which have been left standing. The lower ends of the knives
one direc-

page_text: should be ground thin and have a little side play or spring so as to be able the
more readily to adjust themselves to cut the centres of the loops. The top of
the table w is slightly convexed, and the fabric & is made to pass tightly over
it by means of the two small drums a¹ and a³, which are of the same diameter,
and they are driven at the same speed baving their surfaces well furnished with
slightly projecting pin points that the fabric may not slip thereon. When it is
intended the design shall be colored, the coloring matter is printed or padded
or dyed on to the material before it is woven, or after it is woven, and before
it is pressed, or after the design is impressed thereon. All known processes
of printing such fabrics may be applied either to the impressed parts or to the
intermediate parts during the process. In order again to raise those parts
which have been pressed and flattened down, the fabric is put into a steam
chest or passed over high-pressure steam, which will force its way through
the fabric and thus raise and restore the loops to their original standing
position.
Having now described the fourth part of my Invention, I claim as my
Invention by the process herein described the mode of producing designs
of terry and velvet pile on terry faced woven cloths and such like fabrics.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Burch, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by
the within-named Joseph Burch,
in the presence of
E. J. HUGHES,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.
JOSEPH BURCH. (L.S.)