Improvements in Machines for Treating Clay or other Substances Required to be Reduced to a Plastic State in the Manufacture of Bricks and other Articles.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Apr., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 10th Feb., 1893-Accepted, 18th Mar., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines for Treating Clay or other Substances
Required to be Reduced to a Plastic State in the Manufacture
of Bricks and other Articles.
We, BOLTON JOBERNS, of Whitemoor Brickworks, Kenilworth, Warwickshire,
Brick Manufacturer, and EDWARD JOBERNS, of Aldridge Tile Works, Aldridge,
Staffordshire, Brick and Tile Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention consists of the herein described improvements in machines for
grinding mixing and pugging clay marl or other substances requiring to be reduced
to a plastic state and for forcing the same in a plastic state through a die in a
continuous stream for making bricks, brickettes, tiles, drain pipes or other
articles.
In carrying out this invention we provide two rolls mounted on spindles and
arranged to revolve side by side. Each of these rolls has projecting from its
periphery a series of spiral ribs like screw threads of very coarse pitch, these ribs
on one roll being right hand and on the other roll left hand. The spiral ribs on
either roll engage in the spaces between the spiral ribs on the other roll and thus
the rolls are geared together. These rolls are enclosed in a double barrelled cast
iron or other metal case which is by preference made in halves the top half being
removable to enable the rolls and their spindles to be removed and replaced. In
the upper part of the said case above the rolls is an opening formed with a
suitable hopper mouth for the admission of the clay marl or other substance to
the rolls.
As the rolls revolve the clay or other substance from the hopper with the proper
quantity of water works into the spaces between the spiral ribs of the rolls and is
by the ribs mixed ground and pugged and by their spiral form gradually moved
along the rolls and forced into a chamber at one end between the roll spindles.
This chamber projects from the said case and is or may be gradually diminished in
area to its outlet so that the clay or other substance will thereby be compressed as
it issues through the chamber into the die which is fixed on the said outlet from
the chamber. This die may be of any ordinary kind rectangular, round, annular,
or of other form according to the particular shape which the clay or other substance
is desired to have. The said spiral ribs on the rolls are by preference gradually
enlarged towards their delivery end so that as the spaces between the ribs become
less the clay or other substance will be ground up more finely.
The bearings of the roll spindles are by preference made adjustable to enable the
rolls to be set close together or further apart.
Inside the barrels which are made to conform with the cylindrical shape of the
rolls there are small spiral grooves or ribs shaped so as to assist in moving the clay
or other substance towards the outlet.
Every alternate spiral rib on the rolls is or may be cut or bevelled off at the
hopper end so as the better to allow the clay to fall between the rolls.
Midway between the rolls and arranged parallel therewith there is or may be a
knife fixed to the case on to the sharp edge of which the clay or other plastic
substance is forced by the spiral ribs as the rolls revolve.
Dated this 9th day of April 1892.
CHARLES BOSWORTH KETLEY,
Agent for the Applicants.

page_text: COMPLETE. SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines for Treating Clay or other Substances
Required to be Reduced to a Plastic State in the Manufacture
of Bricks and other Articles.
We, BOLTON JOBERNS, of Whitemoor Brickworks, Kenilworth, Warwickshire,
Brick Manufacturer, and EDWARD JOBERNS, of Aldridge Tile Works, Aldridge,
Staffordshire, Brick and Tile Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention consists of the herein described improvements in machines for
grinding mixing and pugging clay marl or other substance requiring to be reduced
to a plastic state and for forcing the same in a plastic state through a die in a
continuous stream for making brick, brickettes, tiles, drain pipes or other articles.
We will describe our invention by referring to the accompanying drawing
on which
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a grinding pugging etc. machine constructed in
accordance with this invention ;
Fig. 2 is a plan of the same with the upper part of the metal case of the machine
removed to shew the rolls;
Fig. 3 is a sectional end elevation of the said machine on line X X of Fig. 1;
Fig 4 is a sectional end elevation of the said machine on the line Y Y of
Fig. 1 ; and
Fig. 5 is a plan of the lower part of the outer casing of the said machine with
the rolls removed.
The same letters of reference indicate the same or corresponding parts in all the
figures.
In carrying out this invention we provide two rolls A and B mounted respec-
tively on the spinples c and d and arranged to revolve side by side in the
bearings el ele e in the metal case E' E' containing the rolls. One of the spindles
say the spindle c receives rotary motion by gearing or by a pulley and band or by
other convenient means. Each of these rolls A and B has projecting from its
periphery a series of spiral ribs like screw threads of very coarse pitch, these
ribs on the roll B are right hand and the ribs a on the other roll A are left
hand. These spiral ribs on either roll engage in the spaces between the spiral ribs
on the other roll and thus the rolls are geared together. These rolls are enclosed
in the double barrelled cast iron or other metal case E' E' which is by preference
made in halves joined horizontally as shewn the top half E¹ being removable from
the bottom half E to enable the rolls A B and their spindles c d to be removed
'and replaced. In the upper part E' of the case above the rolls is an opening f
formed with a suitable hopper mouth G for the admission of the clay marl or other
substance to the rolls.
As the rolls A. B revolve in the direction shewn by the arrows in Figs. 3 and 4
the clay or other substance from the hopper G with the proper quantity of water
works into the spaces between the spiral ribs a b of the rolls and is by the said ribs
mixed ground and pugged and by their spiral form the clay or other substance is
gradually moved along the rolls and forced through the holes ¹³ ³ (as indicated
by the arrows in Fig. 2) into the chamber i at one end of the case E E between
the roll spindles. This chamber i projects from the said case and is gradually
diminished in area to its outlet j so that the clay or other substance will thereby
be compressed as it issues through the outlet j of the chamber into the die k which
is fixed on the outlet from the chamber in the usual way. This die k is indicated
by dotted lines; it may be of any ordinary kind, rectangular, round, annular or of
other form according to the particular shape which the clay or other substance is
desired to have. The said spiral ribs on the rolls or on one of the rolls (say the

page_text: ribs b) are by preference gradually enlarged towards their delivery end and rounded
as shewn by Figs. 2 and 3 so as to make the spaces between the ribs a and b
become less towards the delivery end of the rolls and thus grind up the clay or
other substance more finely; or when the clay or other substance does not require
to be ground so finely the spiral ribs may be of the same thickness throughout.
The bearings of the roll spindles may be made adjustable as in other roller
grinding or crushing machines to enable the rolls to be set closer together or
farther apart.
Inside the barrel parts of the casing E' E' which as shewn are made to conform
with the cylindrical shape of the rolls A B there may be (as shewn most clearly
in Fig. 5) small spiral grooves or ribs / made of any suitable pitch and by
preference right and left hand as shewn so as to assist in moving the clay or other
substance towards the outlet j; or these ribs and grooves in the casing may in
some cases be made of a slower pitch or when the clay is required to be ground or
mixed very finely and to pass very slowly through the rolls the said ribs or grooves l
may be the opposite hands to those shewn; or the said ribs may be omitted and
the barrel part made smooth inside.
Every alternate spiral rib a b on the rolls A and B may be cut or bevelled off
gradually at the hopper end so as the better to allow the clay to fall between the
rolls; or the rolls may be the same diameter across the ribs for their whole length
as shewn upon our drawing.
When the clay or other substance to be ground is hard or stiff the rolls A, B,
may, in addition to being geared together by their spiral ribs ab, be geared together
by two spur wheels of equal size gearing together and fixed respectively upon the
spindles c d.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. In a machine for grinding mixing and pugging clay marl or other substance
required to be reduced to a plastic state and for forcing the same in a plastic state
through a die in a continuous stream for making bricks brickettes tiles drain pipes
or other articles, the use of a double barrelled outer casing either spirally ribbed
inside or not ribbed and having an inlet aperture and a reduced outlet aperture and
containing two spirally ribbed rolls gearing together the said rolls being adapted to
receive and grind mix and pug the clay or other substance between their ribs and
to deliver and force the same through the outlet aperture substantially as herein-
before set forth.
2. In a machine in which two spirally ribbed rolls are employed in a double
barrelled outer casing for grinding mixing and pugging clay marl or other substance
required to be reduced to a plastic state and for forcing the same in a plastic state
through a die in a continuous stream for making bricks briquettes tiles drain pipes
or other articles, the improved construction of the said rolls A and B made (or one
of them made) with spiral ribs which gradually increase in size towards the
delivery end of the rolls for the purpose and substantially as hereinbefore set
forth.
3. For grinding mixing and pugging clay marl or other substance required to be
reduced to a plastic state and for forcing the same in a plastic state through a die
in a continuous stream for making bricks brickettes tiles drain pipes or other
articles, the improved machine hereinbefore described and illustrated by the
accompanying drawings.
Dated this 9th day of February 1893.
CHARLES BOSWORTH KETLEY,
Agent for the Applicants.