matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William White at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
July 1875.
I, WILLIAM WHITE, of Abersychan, near Pontypool, in the County of
Monmouth, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object the application of means whereby
the retorts when in action may be entirely relieved from pressure of the
gas due to the dip in the hydraulic main, when dip pipes as ordinarily
constructed or arranged are employed, and consists in attaching to the
upper part of the hydraulic main at any convenient part a horizontal
pipe or tube running either the whole length of the retort benches, or
divided into sections, each having a communication with a conducting
main leading to the condenser or other apparatus. To each dip pipe is
fixed a vertical tube or pipe leading from the upper part of the dip to
the horizontal pipe before mentioned. Each upright pipe is furnished
with a cock having a suitable lever for opening and closing the same.

page_text: It will be seen from the foregoing that each dip pipe is thus provided
with a bye-pass, the use of which and the apparatus generally is as
follows: When the retort is charged, the lid closed, and the cock
before referred to opened, the gas will rise in the ascension, pass into the
dip pipe, and from thence through the vertical and horizontal pipes to
the conducting gas main, thus obviating the pressure on the retort
caused by the gas in its effort to overcome the resistance of the liquid
in the hydraulic main. When the retort is to be discharged the cock is
closed by the application of a light portable rod to the lever, the bye-
pass being thus shut; no gas can escape or air enter the hydraulic in
consequence of the seal to the dip in fact when the bye-pass is closed
the action of the apparatus is exactly the same as that at prosent
ordinarily used.
.
By the adoption of these simple and economical means all the
advantages attendant upon the removal of the dip when working is
AN IMPROVEMENT IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Clayton and Thomas
Richmond at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 15th December 1875.
We, JOHN CLAYTON, Engineer, and THOMAS RICHMOND, Patent Agent,
both of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING,"
to be as follows :-
-
The object of this Invention is to strike up the weft by the slay, after
two or more picks are made, and after two or more motions of the healds
instead of after each pick is usually done. This is accomplished by
placing on the crank and tappet shafts wheels of equal dimensions,
which causes the slay to travel at one half of its usual speed, or it may
also be accomplished by placing the picking tappets and the heald
tappets on the crank shaft, thus dispensing entirely with the tappet shaft
and the cog wheels which drive it.
It will seen that the first pick of weft would be in the way of the
shuttle in the next shed. We therefore employ a lever fork, comb, or

page_text: other modification which draws or carries the weft to the fell or edge of
the cloth.
Our Invention consists of bringing the first pick of weft out of the
way of the shuttle to the fell or edge of the cloth when not brought up
by the slay. A considerable acceleration in speed will be obtained and 5
less friction to the yarn.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BEARINGS FOR UPRIGHT SHAFTS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Collingwood at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th January 1875.
I, EDWARD COLLINGWOOD, of Littleborough, in the County of Lan-
caster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BEARINGS FOR UPRIGHT SHAFTS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention is designed principally as a substitute for the footstep
or bearing hitherto used for supporting the lower end of the upright
shaft used in mills or manufactories, to communicate the power from the
engine to the horizontal shafting on the different floors, but it is equally
applicable to the vertical shafts or spindles of turret clocks, and
wherever a heavy vertical shaft or spindle is required to revolve upon a
support at the lower end.
Instead of forming the foot of the shaft with a pointed end running in
a footstep as hitherto done, I key or otherwise fix on to its lower end a
circular plate or disc. This disc I support on the edges of two similar
discs or friction wheels (one on each side of the central line), running

page_text: loosely on a short transverse axis fixed at right angles to a longer axis in
the form of a cross. The ends of the large axis or arm of the cross are
supported in fixed bearings, and the ends of the shorter axis or arm aro
carried in steps mounted in slots in the frame which supports the whole,
the result being the shaft is supported on friction wheels, the axes of
which are carried (as it were) on gimbals like a ship's compass, and
hence the friction is reduced to a minimum. Heating is prevented and
the weight of the shaft is equally distributed on the two ends of the
horizontal axis, instead of upon the point of the footstep on which the
lower end of the vertical rod is supported as heretofore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS POR CUTTING STONE OR OTHER MINERAL SUBSTANCES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Jordan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
May 1875.
I, JOHN JORDAN, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS POR CUTTING STONE OR OTHER MINERAL SUBSTANCES,"
to be as follows:―
This Invention consists in arranging and setting one or more circular
saw-like tools a certain distance apart on a spindle, which spindle is
attached to a more or less vertically moving shaft; the shafts moves in
suitable guides in the cutting machine. Above the upper end of this
shaft a spring or other hammer is fixed, which is moved by a crank, and
is driven by a pulley or otherwise. By this means I am able with
much greater facility than heretofore to cut grooves in rock for quarrying
stone, or in other mineral substances, in order to reduce the cost of
"getting” the same, and to save cutting wide gutters in the rock, stone,
or other substance as at present.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ALKALIES AND HYDROCHLORIC ACID
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George William Hart at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 29th May 1875.--Partly a communication from abroad by
J. Bennett, of Michigan, in the United States of America.
I, GEORGE WILLIAM HART, of 21, Grosvenor Road, South Norwood,
in the County of Surrey, do horeby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ALKALIES AND HYDROCHLORIC
ACID," to be as follows:-
For the manufacture of soda and hydrochloric acid I fuse silica with
chloride of sodium on the hearth of a furnace in the presence of hydrogen
or vapour of water..
Hydrochloric acid and silicate of soda are formed, the first being
absorbed by water in a suitable condenser, and the silicate of soda is
mixed with lime or a carbonate of lime, by which the silicate is decom-
posed and silicate of lime formed.
When carbonate of lime is used a carbonate of soda is set free which
is dissolved out, evaporated, and crystalised.

page_text: caustic soda.
The separation of the soda from the silicate may be effected whilst in
a fused state, or by providing excess of base, the soluble glass formed
may be crushed and dissolved; the lime being then added to the solution
the soda is precipitated.
The advantages of this process is the purity both of the soda and
hydrochloric acid, the soda being free from sulphur or sulphate, and the
acid free from arsenic.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LIVE RAFTS AND OTHER LIKE FLOATING STRUCTURES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th June 1875.-A communication from abroad by Jonathan
Cone, of Bristol, County of Bucks, State of Pennsylvania, United
States of America.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LIVE RAFTS AND OTHER LIKE FLOATING
STRUCTURES," a communication to me from abroad by Jonathan Cone, of
Bristol, County of Bucks, State of Pennsylvania, United States of
America, to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce a light, strong, and buoyant
life raft capable of withstanding rougher usage than those of ordinary
construction, which object is attained by providing the raft with floats,
each consisting of a central sheet metal drum separated internally
into a number of air-tight compartments by transverse partitions and
surrounded by a mass of cork packed into an outer casing of water-
proofed canvass or other suitable fabric,

page_text: The number of floats may be varied, but a convenient mode of
applying the Invention consists in employing two floats, one at each side
of the raft, and connected together by a strong but light framework,
which may be similar to those used in ordinary life rafts. The floats are
also protected by longitudinal wooden strips, and are braced and secured
to the framework by metal bands, and a life line extends entirely around
the raft to which it is secured at short intervals.
Floats for life rafts are generally simple air vessels constructed of
sheet iron plates rivetted together, the said plates being necessarily
heavy, as they are relied upon solely to resist the force of the waves and
of solid objects with which they may be brought in contact, hence the
rafts are heavy and difficult to handle, an objection it will be evident
entirely overcome by the use of the improved floats, in which the air
vessels can be made of turned iron or thin galvanized sheet iron, as
they are fully protected from injury by the surrounding mass of cork:
and the canvass covering, which also add to the buoyancy of the
float. The cork being of an elastic nature will also yield to blows which
would indent or puncture ordinary sheet iron, and it is a much safer
exterior therefore than the latter. Additional security is also afforded
by separating the interior of each air vessel into a number of compart- ¦
ments by transverse partitions, as before mentioned, as this prevents the
filling of more than a small portion of the said vessel in case it should
be exposed and punctured.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING AND REGISTERING THE NUMBER OF PERSONS ENTERING TRAMWAY CARS AND SIMILAR VEHICLES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Chamberlayne Farrell
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 16th October 1875.
I, HENRY CHAMBERLAYNE FARRELL, of Pembroke Dock, in the
County of Pembroke, Major Royal Artillery, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
INDICATING AND REGISTERING THE NUMBER OF PERSONS ENTERING TRAMWAY CARS
AND SIMILAR VEHICLES," to be as follows:-
;-
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus for indicating and
registering the number of persons entering tramway cars and similar
vehicles, and consists,―
1st. In so arranging certain appliances on a wooden or metallic
platform or footboard, to be fitted to each end of a tram car by means
of levers, wheels, &c., as to cause a lever to move one division on a
graduated dial plate each time a person enters the car.
2nd. In providing by the arrangement of certain appliances for the
egress of each person from the car by a route different from that by

page_text: which he (or she) has entered, and which different route cannot possibly
bc used for ingress.
By the means herein set forth no person can enter the car except by
the registering route, whereas those wishing to leave the car have no
need or opportunity of making use of this entrance route, but have a
means of exit quite distinct.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ABDOMINAL BELTS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Dame Emily Wymer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the
21st April 1875.
I, Dame EMILY WYMER, of Paddington, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ABDOMINAL BELTS," to be as follows :—
My Invention relates to improvements in abdominal belts, whereby
much greater ease and comfort are ensured at the same time that the
desired support is afforded, which is not the case with belts of this kind as
hitherto made. Such belts have heretofore been made to open at the back
only and be there fastened by lacing or otherwise, so that in order to tighten
the belt to the figure at any particular part, in front for instance, it was
necessary to tighten the whole belt in order to do so, thereby causing an
excessive pressure in some parts. Moreover such belts have invariably
been made full in the front where such fullness is not required, and in-
sufficiently full towards the sides where greater space is necessary, the
elasticity of the fabric being depended on to make the belt conform to the
figure. But inasmuch as the support is insufficient if the fabric is elastic
enough to conform to the figure, on the other hand if the fabric is less

page_text: clastic, the figure is necessarily caused to conform to the belt which is very
prejudicial. It has also been usual to provide a whalebone down the
front which is also to a certain extent objectionable, as it tends to
prevent the belt accommodating itself to the figure.
Now my Invention consists in so making these belts as to avoid the
above disadvantages, and to ensure perfect ease and comfort with
adequate support.
According to my Invention I make the belt preferably of a non-elastic
fabric, and construct it to open down the front and make it fasten there
by a number of independent straps and buckles or other equivalent
fastenings, so that any one of them can be tightened where required. I
also make the front portion of the belt of considerable dopth as compared
with the back and side portion, which is made as narrow as may be,
whereas the old belts are of nearly equal width or depth at back and
front.
Another important feature of my Invention consists in so constructing
the front portion of the belt that it will conform perfectly to the figure
by giving less room at the centre of the front part and greater fullness
towards the sides, so that a perfect fitting belt is produced and the
liability of the belt riding up is greatly obviated. Small elastic gores
be inserted in the back part if necessary.
may
A NEW OR IMPROVED MODE OP SIGHTING FIRE-ARMS AND ORDNANCE
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Fennessy at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
March 1875.
I, EDWARD FENNESSY, of Kilkenny, in Ireland, Merchant, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED MODE
OP SIGHTING FIRE-ARMS AND ORDNANCE," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is an improvement in or addition to fire-
arms (especially applicable to rifled fire-arms and ordnance), for the
object of facilitating and assuring accuracy or precision of aim. For
this purpose I connect a rod or bar of steel or other suitable material
with the barrel of the fire-arm. This rod or bar is fitted at one end to
the muzzle, and at the other end it is passed to the breech sight where
it is moveable or adjustable between uprights, supports, or frame pieces,
and its position is duly regulated, adjusted, or controlled by a thumb-
screw or other like regulating appliance. By this arrangement the
•

page_text: elevating and lowering movements can be effected with facility and
precision according to the ordinary distance scale, and the continuous
line thus presented between the breech sight and the muzzle sight
obviates obliquity of vision or visual deflection, so that the aim is
rendered more accurate and precise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BEAMS OR GIRDERS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Dawes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
November 1875.
I, WILLIAM DAWES, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF BEAMS OR GIRDERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists principally in making beams or girders much
lighter and consequently cheaper than they are at present constructed,
whilst at the same time owing to their peculiar formation they possess a
strength equal to or greater than that of a much heavier one of the
present type.
The girder is formed of cast or wrought iron or other suitable material
in the form of a flat plate provided with a strengthening web, and is
made merely of such a strength as to prevent deflection between the
piers by its own weight. This plate is provided at each end where it
rests upon the piers with any suitable number of transverse ribs, which
are rendered very strong by the web before alluded to. If an arch be
constructed upon this girder the lateral thrust produced by any weight

page_text: upon it is born by the transverse ribs, which are placed at an angle to
correspond with the curve of the arch, and falls directly upon the pier
without any tendency to deflexion in the centre. If convenient there is
no necessity for the strengthening web to be placed in the centre of the
plate, and in some cases it will be sufficient for the two ends to be con-
structed with the transverse ribs and strengthening web, as described,
and to connect them by means of a tie rod. Girders of this description
situations where the abut-
will be found particularly advantageous in
ment is not sufficient to receive an arch, or where from other reasons
and conditions it is not desirable to use one.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY VEHICLES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Eagling Glaskin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 8th November 1875.-A communication from abroad by Hiram
D. Faulkner, of New York, in the United States of America.
I, EDWIN EAGLING GLASKIN, of 73, Amherst Road, Hackney, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY VEHICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in railway vehicles.
In order that railway vehicles may be able to pass around curves
more easily than they can when the two wheels are rigidly fixed on the
same axle, and in order also to reduce the shocks resulting from
inequalities in the permanent way, I divide the axle into two parts, by
preference at the centre, and here I place a coupling or bearing which
holds the two parts together, but allows them to rotate independently,
and allows also a small amount of independent longitudinal play.

page_text: The coupling or bearing above mentioned is supported by a frame
consisting of two curved bars which extend out beyond the wheels; at
their outer extremities these bars are attached to other bars secured to
the axle boxes, which as is usual are on the outer side of the wheels. A
spring is introduced between the two parts of the divided axle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING MULES FOR SPINNING WOOL
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Travis at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th March
1875.
I, WILLIAM TRAVIS, of Milnrow, in the County of Lancaster, Mule
Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING MULES FOR SPINNING WOOL," to be as
follows:-
The ordinary self-acting mule for wool is arranged so that a slow twist
motion commences when the carriage begins to move from the rollers
which deliver a certain length of sliver, and then stop during the
remainder of the stretch, at the end of which the quick twist speed is
given to the spindles to impart the required amount of twist.
My Invention consists in so arranging the mechanism of the mule
that a quick speed is given to the spindles at the beginning of the
"stretch," and during the delivery of the sliver by the rollers, more or
less according to the nature of the yarn to be spun, and then the speed
is changed to the ordinary speed of the spindles during the remainder of
the "stretch" of the carriage, finishing with the usual quick speed of

page_text: the spindles. By this means I get an increased production as the carriage
moves more quickly, less time being occupied in giving the twist, and
the yarn is more even and uniform and vibrates less while being drawn
and twisted than when spun by the mule as ordinarily arranged.
I carry my Invention into effect by arranging the cam shaft so that
an additional movement can be given to it, so that the driving belt will
be first caused to move to and remain upon the quick speed driving
pulley, the lever for stopping the first movement of the cam shaft being
arranged to arrest its rotation when the driving belt has been traversed
on to quick speed driving pulley; then I apply and combine with the
said lever a trigger, stop, or incline, which may be fixed on a fulcrum on
the framing, or may be made adjustable upon a rod, so as to be acted
upon by the carriage as it comes out at any required part of the stretch,
and this said trigger being connected with the said lever moves and
withdraws it from the stop upon the escape plate of the cam shaft, and
allows the cam shaft to make a further movement which traverses the
driving belt on to the slow speed driving pulley. The remaining
movements of the cam shaft, which complete its cycle of movements, are
effected by the same means and produce the same changes in the
working of the mechanism as in woollen mules which are arranged in
the ordinary manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MORTICING MACHINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Steel and Robert Steel
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 4th November 1875.
We, JAMES STEEL and ROBERT STEEL, both of Leeds, in the County
of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MORTICING MACHINES," to be as follows:
Our Invention is particularly applicable to hand morticing machines,
and is as hereafter described:-We dispense entirely with connecting
rods ordinarily used which couple the spindle and the hand lever
arrangement through which motion is transmitted to the spindle,
whereby we require a much shorter spindle than heretofore and produce
a much steadier motion, at the same time adding strength to the
machine. On the spindle is provided a sliding bracket; this is secured
to the spindle by means of a pin, which in passing through the bracket
fits into a groove cut round the periphery of the spindle. On the ends
of the pin are provided slide blocks, which are fitted so as to slide freely
in slots prepared to receive them in the herein-before mentioned hand
lever. The pin being fitted into the groove retains the sliding bracket

page_text: in one position on the spindle, and causes it to move with the spindle,
at the same time allowing the spindle to be turned round in any
direction, which can be effected during the time motion is being
conveyed thereto through the hand lever. The slot holes are provided
in the hand lever to allow for the motion of the slide blocks caused by
the varying distance of the pin from the pivot or axis of the hand lever,
which takes place during the vertical movement of the spindle.
We make the spindle below the sliding bracket of a larger diameter
than the upper part; this receives the pressure through the sliding
bracket from the hand lever, strengthening the spindle thereby, and
dispensing with the loose collar ordinarily used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GARDEN SYRINGES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAĻ SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Shaw at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th September
1875.
I, ALFRED SHAW, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GARDEN SYRINGES," to be as follows, that is to say:-
My improvements in garden syringes consist in the application of a
nozzle with a double rose, comprising two annular hollow chambers.
pierced around their front faces with holes for distributing the spray,
the holes in the outer rose or chamber being larger than those in the
inner rose, so as to obtain a coarse or a fine spray as desired; the centre
of the double rose is arranged to receive an adjusting plug with central
waterway from the syringe, also having an outlet on one side to the rose
chambers so arranged that by turning round the adjusting plug a
certain distance the side outlet comes to an inlet hole in the inner rose,
when by the action of the syringe a fine spray is discharged. By turning
the adjusting plug round in the reverse direction the side outlet comes
to an inlet hole of the outer rose; when a coarse spray may be obtained,
the inner rose supply being shut off. Within the centre of the nozzle

page_text: end of the adjusting plug is arranged the single jet, and for use the side
outlet of the adjusting plug is turned round to a portway or channel
cut in the inner face of the double rose communicating the supply of
water from the side outlet of the adjusting plug to the single jet water-
way:
In connection with and formed as part-of-the-double rose is a relieving
valve for drawing in water to supply the syringe, which valve consists
of a deep annular groove at the back of the double rose. The valve face
next to the interior of the syringe is pierced with holes, the valve con-
sisting of a flat brass ring, a similar ring of india-rubber or leather being
interposed between the valve and the perforated face.
To prevent dirt entering the valve with the water I fit a band of
gauze wire around the outside of the deep annular groove mentioned
above.
In filling the syringe the valve opens, allowing the water to pass :
through the holes in the valve face, and when the syringe is charged
and in use the valve is kept tightly against the said face, thereby
preventing the egress of the water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REVOLVERS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lambert Dolne at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
February 1875.
I, LAMBERT DOLNE, of No. 10, Rue Janfosse, in the City of Liège, in
the Kingdom of Belgium, Armourer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REVOLVERS," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates more particularly to pistols in which the stock
or handle is composed of a metallic stock frame having attached thereto
side pieces or cheeks.
The Invention consists in means whereby the "stocking" or recessing
of the said side pieces or cheeks into the stock frame is obviated. For
this purpose the side pieces or cheeks are made flat on the side bearing
against the stock frame, and are attached to such stock frame by means
of a bolt or screw passing through the said side pieces or cheeks and
through a lug or projection, cast, welded, soldered, or otherwise suitably
fixed to the stock frame. The said side pieces or cheeks are also checked
at their upper ends into notches in the stock. Such "checking" acts
in conjunction with the screw or bolt going through the lug or pro-

page_text: jection in the stock frame to keep the side pieces or cheeks steady,
while the said screw or bolt holds the said side pieces or cheeks firmly
against the stock frame in the usual manner.
By these means the expense of "stocking" or recessing the two side
pieces or cheeks into the stock frame is wholly avoided. The said side 5
pieces or cheeks can be prepared without the aid of the pistol itself, and
they may be stamped out, moulded, or cast, if desired, which could not
be so economically effected by the system heretofore employed,
AN IMPROVEMENT IN WIRING AND BINDING HẠT AND BONNET SHAPES, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOB
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Morand at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
September 1875..
I, GEORGE MORAND, of Westmoreland Buildings, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN WIRING AND BINDING HẠT AND BONNET SHAPES, AND IN THE
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOB," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce a neater, cheaper, and
better finished article than has hitherto been made, to effect which I
work as follows:Having provided myself with a hat or bonnet shape
or foundation made either of buckram, net, paper, straw, or any other
fabric or material useful for making the said shapes or foundation with,
I then take a strip of suitable paper (hearafter to be called the paper
binder) the width that I may require it, and also a length of wire
sufficient to go round the hat or bonnet shape requiring to be wired and
bound. I then place one end of the wire on or near the edge of the
hat or bonnet shape, and lap over it the paper binder, so that one half
of the binder is laid over and encloses the wire, while the other half is

page_text: bound over the reverse side or edge of the rim; this being done and
the edge of the shape damped either with water or any adhesive matter,
or the binder being damped or both if desired, I then place the shape on
a suitable machine or apparatus which is heated by gas, and so arranged
that it will unite the shape, wire, and binder together, at the same time
embossing a pattern on the rim_or_binder,_so.giving-an-excellent-finish-
to the shane which machine or apparatus I describe in the accompanying

page_text: Having thus described the nature and object of my Invention, what
I claim and desire to be secured to me is the useing of a paper binder
to enclose and fix a wire or wires or its equivalent round hat or bonnet ·
shapes or foundations, and the machinery or apparatus employed therefor,
substantially as herein-before described and shown on Drawings or any
like modification or imitation thereof.
AN IMPROVED SNAP OR FASTENER FOR BRACELETS, NECKLETS, AND OTHER ORNAMENTAL AND USEFUL ARTICLES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION loft by Ephraim Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th September 1875.
1
I, EPHRAIM SMITH, of Carlisle Street, Soho, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED SNAP OR FASTENER FOR BRACELETS, NECKLETS, AND OTHER ORNAMENTAL
AND USEFUL ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in certain improvements in the construction
of snaps or fasteners applicable to bracelets, necklets, and other articles,
whether of an ornamental or useful character, and whereby great
security is obtained in a simple and effectual manner as compared with
the snaps or fasteners hitherto used for such purposes.
The snap or fastener is formed of metal, and consists of two parts, one
of which, having a metallic spring fixed thereto, is attached to one end
of the bracelet, necklet, or other article, the other part being attached to
the opposite end of the same. By preference the spring is of a form.
A stud is attached to the lower arm of the spring, and passes through
an aperture formed for that purpose in the upper arm thereof, the stem

page_text: Upon the spring being
or shank of the stud being provided at its upper extremity with a head
by which it can be raised or drawn upwards, and the lower arm of the
spring consequently clevated. The other part of the snap or fastener is
formed with an internal cavity or socket, into which the spring is passed
through a slot in the plate of metal which is in front of such.cavity-or-
socket, and which slot is of sufficient width to admit the spring when
compressed by being passed through the same.
so passed into the cavity or socket the lower arm thereof is released from
the pressure previously exerted thereon, and assumes its normal position,
in which state it is maintained by the rear end thereof abutting against
the lower portion of the before-mentioned plate in front of the cavity or
socket, until it is raised by means of the stud, when the spring can
be withdrawn, and the article to which the contrivance is applied
unfastened.
As a modification of this Invention the spring may consist of a simple
plate of tempered metal having a portion thereof partially separated and
depressed so as to form a spring tongue, to the upper surface of which is
attached a stud for the purpose of raising the same. In this case the
spring is passed into the cavity or socket, held in position therein, and
liberated therefrom in precisely the same manner as under the method of
construction before described.
In both cases a notch is of course provided in the upper plate of the
cavity or socket for the reception of the stem or shank of the stud when
the snap or fastener is closed, and the two parts forming the same are
brought into immediaté juxtaposition.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SIGNALLING ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Camillo Bondi, of Trieste, in the Empire of
Austria, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SIGNALLING ON
RAILWAYS."
Sealed the 1st June 1875, and dated the 24th March 1875.
in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Camillo Bondi at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
March 1875.
I, CAMILLO BONDI, of Trieste, in the Empire of Austria, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SIGNALLING
ON RAILWAYS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in improvements in electric signalling on
railways, whereby communication is effected between a moving train
and the stations between which it is moving; also with the signal boxes
and with the train before and behind on the same line of rails, and at

page_text: each station, signal box, and train in motion is placed an instrument for
indicating by means of hands the motion and speed of cach train.
In carrying out my Invention at each station in each signal box and
in each train in motion batteries are placed. The positive pole of the
battery is connected with the left rail, and the negative pole with the
right rail, without however any metallic contact existing between the
left and the right rails. When the train has left a station and runs
towards the next station the electric current from the latter station is
formed by the first pair of the locomotive wheels. If the axle of these
wheels be isolated from the wheels it will allow of the negative electricity
of the left rail being conducted to the left wheel but not to the axle, and
by means of a wire the negative electricity is caused to pass over the
telegraphic instruments and signals under the control of the guard.
After the negative electricity has passed over all the signalling apparatus
on the train the electricity is conducted by means of a wire to the right
wheel, and thence to the right rail, where it joins the positive electricity.
In the front of the locomotive I place two very elastic springs, which
are kept in contact with the two rails. The negative electricity passes
from the left rail to the left spring, which slides on the rail, and by
means of a wire to the said telegraphic apparatus on the train, and
thence also by another wire to the right spring and to the right rail,
where the negative and positive electricity meet.
A similar arrangement is also made on the last carriage or break van,
that is to say, I place on the last pair of wheels two springs which set
up communication with the station left or with the train which is
behind on the same line of rails. Near each signal box electricity is
caused by means of wires to pass over signal apparatuses which are
placed in the signal box, isolating the rails where they come in contact.
As cach train is thus in electric communication with each other train in
motion, with the station left, and with that towards which it runs, also
with each signal box, several trains can run at the same time on the
same line of rails between two stations without risk of collision.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COMMUNICATING MOTION TO MACHINERY FOR GRINDING AND POLISHING METAL AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Bruce Goldsworthy and
Henry Bernoulli Barlow at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 5th August 1875.
WC, ROBERT BRUCE GOLDSWORTHY, of the City of Manchester, Emery
Manufacturer, and HENRY BERNOULLI BARLOW, the younger, of the
same Place, Machine Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COMMUNICATING MOTION TO
MACHINERY FOR GRINDING AND POLISHING METAL AND OTHER MATERIALS," to be
as follows:-
Our Invention consists in driving emery wheels or other grinding and
polishing instruments by means of friction discs and pulleys, so that
their speed may be increased or reduced at pleasure to compensate for
the different diameters of the grinding or polishing instruments.
In performing our Invention we make use of a large friction disc
keyed on the driving shaft, which is provided with fast and loose pulleys.
The emery wheels or other instruments to be driven are mounted on
shafts placed at right angles to the driving shaft, and a friction pulley is
fastened by a sliding key to each, the friction pulleys are driven by the

page_text: friction disc above mentioned. The friction pulleys are traversed to and
fro on their shafts by screws or other equivalents, and in traversing
along the face of the friction disc they vary the speed of the emery
wheels or other instruments as required.
Where two grinding wheels are worked in one frame we prefer to
mount them on separate shafts having each a bearing in the centre of
the frame; or they may be mounted on one shaft by securing one of the
wheels on a loose sleeve or bush, which also carries the small friction
pulley and sliding key; in either case one friction wheel serves to drive
both wheels at the same or at varying speeds.
By placing the driving shaft in a vertical position and the friction disc
IMPROVEMENTS IN ARRANGING AND FORMING THE PARTS AND MATERIALS EMPLOYED FOR MAKING BUFFERS FOR RAILWAY ROLLING STOCK
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert Hall Davis and Francis
Giles Henwood at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 3rd June 1875.
We, HERBERT HALL DAVIS and FRANCIS GILES HENWOOD, both of
No. 110, Cannon Street, in the City of London, India-rubber Manu-
facturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ARRANGING AND FORMING THE PARTS AND MATERIALS
EMPLOYED FOR MAKING BUFFERS FOR RAILWAY ROLLING STOCK," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in arranging and
forming the buffers used on railway trucks, waggons, carriages, and
other rolling stock employed thereon to which buffers are applicable,
and consists in applying a block or portion of vulcanized india-rubber or
india-rubber in conjunction with a block or portion of hard vulcanized
india-rubber, or india-rubber, wood, pasteboard, papier maché, or other
suitable material, or combination of the same, interposed between it and
a portion, sheet, or plate of wrought or cast iron, or other suitable metal,
or material, or combination of the same, to which the rubber may be

page_text: attached by cement, and the hard and soft rubber may be also attached
together in a similar manner if desired.
We may also apply and attach to the faces or ends of the iron buffers
as used in passenger carriages and on luggage and coal waggons a block
or blocks of vulcanized india-rubber, or india-rubber either hard or
soft, or both combined, which may be attached by cement or in any
other convenient manner to the faces or ends of the buffers, or to each
other.
In making our buffers on this plan, as herein-before described, to be
applied to existing stock, or as an article of manufacture to be supplied
to order, we take the iron rings or binding at present used on the
projecting ends of the wooden side frames of the waggons or other
vehicles, and attach thereto by rivets or screws, or both combined, an
internal ring or band of L iron, and place within this iron ring or binder
a piece of plate iron, sheet iron, or other suitable material or materials,
or a combination of the same, which we attach to the internal ring or
band of L iron by means of screws or rivets, or both combined, as may
be most convenient, and resting on this piece of plate iron, sheet iron, or
other suitable material or materials, or combination of the same, we
place a picce or portion of hard vulcanized india-rubber, or india-rubber,
or wood, pasteboard, papier maché, or other suitable material or com-
bination of the same, and attach the same to the iron or other suitable
material by means of cement. On this piece of hard vulcanized india-
rubber or india-rubber we cement or otherwise attach a block or portion
of soft rubber or vulcanized india-rubber of varying density and of
various shapes and thicknesses, and by this means form a cheap and
efficient buffer, simple and inexpensive to make, and easily repaired and
renewed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Vickers and Samuel
Malcolm at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 6th December 1875.
We, MATTHEW VICKERS, of Tynemouth, in the County of Northum-
berland, Engineer, and SAMUEL MALCOLM, of South Shields, in the
County of Durham, Chemical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
PRODUCING MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows :-
Our Invention consists in the combination of machinery or apparatus
herein-after described, whereby motive power is obtained by means of
hydraulic pressure in the manner herein-after stated.
The machinery or apparatus consists essentially of an arrangement of
vertical pipes, by means of which a column of water from a head is
caused to produce a pressure on a hydraulic ram or valve, through
which pressure is communicated to a turbine, to the shaft of which is
connected a force pump, whereby water is returned to the head. There
are also four hydraulic or atmospheric accumulators worked through
connecting rods by means of a force pump, in order to maintain the

page_text: pressure therein as required. These four accumulators are connected
with the said hydraulic ram or valve, by means of which water is forced
with the required pressure on to the acting side of the turbine, a portion
of the water being continually returned to the head by the action of the
force pump. The centre pipe has a ball or hollow vessel on the top,
such vessel being furnished with a valve which closes downwards in
order to prevent the admission of air. This pipe opens at the bottom
into a second pipe by which it is surrounded, and down which water
passes from the head at top into the said hydraulic ram or valve with
which the said accumulators are in connection. Outside this second
pipe are two syphon pipes extending higher than the said second pipe,
into the bottom of which syphon pipes water is forced as it is passed
from the casing of the turbine into a chamber surrounding the syphon
pipes, such chamber being open at top and providing a column of
atmospheric air to act on the surface of the water at the lower part of
the said chamber.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR CLOSING THE DOORS OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES, AND IN LOCKING AND UNLOCKING THE SAME
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Kitson and John
Naylor at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 21st July 1875.
We, ALFRED KITSON, of Claremount, Halifax, in the County of
York, and JOHN NAYLOR, of Russel Street, in Halifax, aforesaid, do
hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN SELF-ACTING MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR CLOSING THE DOORS OF RAILWAY
CARRIAGES, AND IN LOCKING AND UNLOCKING THE SAME,' to be as follows:-
"
The imrovements consist in connecting a sliding bar to the "draw
bars" attached to the springs underneath the carriages, by which one
carriage is coupled to another. This sliding bar acts on a finger or stud
attached to a rod running along each side of the carriage, to one end of
which rod a toothed rack is applied for the purpose of securing the rod
in the position or place to which it is pushed by the sliding bar referred
to, and held there by a catch.
In place of the ordinary latch for fastening or locking the doors of
railway carriages we employ a short lever or latch working on a fulcrum,
to one end of which is connected a rod, and to the other end of this rod

page_text: is a crank. This crank is also attached to the said rod running along-
side the carriages, and also to a chain or cord connected to a bracket or
fixture at the bottom part of the door.
-
When the engine is started the draw bars will be acted upon by the
usual springs, and will be pushed forward a sufficient distance as to
cause the sliding bar to act on the finger or stud of the rod running
alongside the carriages, pushing the said rod forward one or more teeth of
the rack, and consequently pulls the chain or cord attached to the
bracket at the bottom of the door, thereby closing the said door, and at
the same time the short lever or sneck is acted upon, so as to fasten or
lock cach door.
--
--
When the engine is stopped the men or attendants in charge presses
down the handle of the rod alongside the carriage and puts it out of
gear with the catch, when it is drawn to its first position by spiral
springs, and the doors are all thereby instantly unlocked on that sido of
the platform on which the passengers get out, whilst the other side of
the carriages remain locked.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING AND HEATING
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Boyd at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
September 1875.
I, WILLIAM BOYD, of Forest Hill, in the County of Surrey, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR LIGHTING AND HEATING," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to provide a simple, cheap, portable,
and sightly apparatus to be used both for lighting and heating apartments
or buildings, or as a heater only, to be placed in any convenient part
of the apartment, for example, in the place of the ordinary gaselier
pendant from the ceiling, or upon a bracket, or in the ordinary fire-
place, and the whole of the products of combustion from which will
be carried from the apartment through a pipe or elastic tube leading
into the chimney flue or directly to the outside of the building.
My improved apparatus will consist essentially of an inner and an
outer chamber, preferably of a cylindrical form; the inner chamber will
be open at bottom and top, but the outer chamber will be closed at the
top, and have near the bottom an opening or openings, to which may be

page_text: fitted metal pipes or tubes. The base supporting these chambers
or cylinders will also carry a gas or oil burner placed within the inner
chamber, and, if desired, a gas and air burner or burners with suitable
connections, to adapt the apparatus more particularly for heating
purposes.
I propose to make my outer and inner chambers of white or colored
glass, or a semi-opaque material, in order that the apparatus may be
used both for lighting and heating.
E
The action will be as follows:-The oxygen necessary to combustion
will be admitted at the bottom of the inner chamber, and the heated air 1
and products of combustion passing up this chamber will be diverted by
the top of the outer cylinder, and be drawn down the passage between
the two cylinders, and by the opening or openings near the bottom of
the outer cylinder or in its base, and through the tube or tubes to the
chimney flue or other outlet.
]