IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO ELECTRICAL SIGNALLING APPARATUS FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake of the firm of Haseltine Lake
& Co Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO ELECTRICAL SIGNALLING APPARATUS
FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER PURPOSES "
A communication to him from abroad
by George Ward Blodgett, and Aaron Daniel Blodgett, both of Boston
Massachusetts, United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th August 1882.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake and Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London, "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO ELECTRICAL
SIGNALLING APPARATUS FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER PURPOSES " [A communication
to him from abroad by George Ward Blodgett, and Aaron Daniel Blodgett, both of
Boston Massachusetts, United States of America.]
The first part of this Invention has for its object to provide an electric signal
adapted to automatically operate a gong or other signalling device at any pre-
determined time or times, varying as desired during each successive hour of the day
or night, and consists partly in combining and arranging a series of electrodes,
adapted to be changed as desired, each representing a minute or unit of time, with
a rotating cylinder or drum that will bring them successively into contact with a
single vertically moving electrode located in the same circuit with the series above
mentioned thereby completing the circuit and operating the signal. It also includes
a circuit-breaking device by means of which preliminary or warning signals may
be given; and further certain other details and combinations of parts hereinafter
more particularly described.
The second part of the said Invention consists in the provision of means whereby,
after the circuit-closing devices referred to in the description of the first part of
this Invention have been in operation for six days giving each day signals for the
TD

page_text: departure of railway trains according to a week-day schedule, will be made
inoperative and a differently arranged set will be brought automatically into action
on the seventh day, conforming to the Sunday time-table. The said Invention also
has for its object to provide improved means for automatically keeping the cylinder
in unison with a standard clock at any desired point, and this part of the said 5
Invention consists in the provision of means whereby the vibrations of the
armature of an ordinary "sounder" connected electrically with a signal clock and
operated thereby at regular intervals, are caused to regulate the operation of a
chronometrical device.
The said Invention also consists in certain details of construction, all of which I 1
will now proceed to describe
In carrying into practice the first part of the said Invention I provide a metallic
cylinder, having on its outer surface a series of metallic pins or electrodes. I also
provide a single electrode and means as hereinafter described whereby said single
electrode is caused to make contact successively with each of the electrodes of the
cylinder. The cylinder and its electrodes, and the single electrode, are included in
a single electric circuit which also includes a gong or other signalling device, said
circuit being closed and caused to operate the gong whenever the single electrode
touches either of the electrodes of the cylinder. The electrodes are so arranged
that each is brought in contact with the single electrode at a predetermined time
of day or night corresponding to a given minute or unit of time, hence for con-
The cylinder is
venience of description I will call them minute electrodes.
journalled to rotate on a vertical axis supported by a base and provided with
twenty four parallel peripheral rows of holes, each row representing one hour and
consisting of sixty holes.. The minute electrodes are inserted in these holes
according to the order in which signals are to be given. On the lower end of the
cylinder are formed sixty ratchet teeth.
There is an electro-magnet under the cylinder the armature of which is provided
with a pawl which, at each attraction of the armature, engages with one of the teeth
The circuit is closed through
of the cylinder, and rotates the cylinder one tooth.
the magnet, once each minute, by the action of a suitable electrical clock. The
armature is provided with a stop, which, when the armature is attracted, abuts
against the forward portion of a ratchet tooth behind the one engaged by the pawl
and prevents the cylinder from rotating by its own momentum after the pawl
stops.
At the upper end of the cylinder is a metal projection which comes in contact
at the beginning of each hour with an insulated spring which is in electrical
connection with an electro-magnet by a wire the other pole of said magnet
being connected by a wire with battery No. 1, the other pole of said battery by
When the pro-
a wire with the metal base on which the cylinder is journalled.
jection comes in contact with the spring, therefore, the circuit (normally open) is
closed through the magnet causing an attraction of its pivotted armature, thus
raising an arm supported by the armature and lifting a toothed rod with which
said arm is engaged, one notch. Said rod carries the single electrode and by its
movement raises said electrode from a point opposite one row of holes to a point
opposite the next row. The electrode and rod are attached to a slide which is
adapted to move on a fixed vertical guide.
When the arm is raised as described, it is clamped between a fixed pin and the
side of the electrode rod and thus prevented from lifting said rod more than one
notch at each attraction of the armature of the magnet, At 12 o'clock at night the
electrode rod is brought to a certain position the arm being engaged with the last
or lowest notch on said rod.
At 1 o'clock the arm is lifted and a spring on the electrode rod brought against
the back side of a pivotted latch forcing said latch against the arm, releasing said
arm from its engagement with the electrode rod and clamping it against a stop on
a fixed frame. At the same time the heel of the latch strikes a pivotted dog and
disengages said dog from the rod,

page_text: It will be apparent that so long as the armature of the magnet is in contact with
said magnet the arm will be held up against the stop and said arm, so long as thus
held up, prevents the latch from falling and so prevents the dog from re-engaging
with the rod. The rod is therefore free to fall until the electrode is brought
opposite the lowest ring of the cylinder. The slide is arrested by a yielding stop
which limits the downward movement of the rod. At the next movement of the
cylinder the contact between the projection and spring is broken, thus opening the
circuit and allowing the armature to fall away from the magnet and the arm to
drop and engage with a lower notch on the electrode rod and the latch to resume
its normal position and the dog to also engage with and support the electrode rod.
A spring holds the latch away from the dog and a spring holds the arm with a
yielding pressure against the electrode rod. The cylinder is therefore rotated one
step every minute and effects a complete rotation every hour, and the single
electrode is adjusted after each complete rotation of the cylinder, so that during
each hour it will coincide with a different row of holes in the cylinder from the
preceding hour.
The result is the contact of the single electrode with all of the minute electrodes
in succession, and the closing of the circuit through a signal gong or series of gongs
during each contact which preferably lasts about seven seconds. I prefer to give
one or more preliminary signals before each signal. This is effected by the
employment of a circuit-breaker composed of a rotary drum having projections
and a spring adapted to make contact with said projections. The drum is rotated
by a train of gearing driven by a spring and is held and released by stops on the
armature of a magnet which is connected by a wire with the single electrode. The
spring of the circuit breaker is insulated from its support but connected by a wire
with battery No. 1 the other pole of said battery being connected by a wire
through a gong with the metal frame of the circuit-closer; when the drum rotates
the surfaces are successively brought in contact with spring, each surface
momentarily closing the circuit through the gongs, and the intermediate depressions
breaking the circuit.
The parts being in position the drum is prevented from rotating by a pin on the
druin, in contact with the stop on the armature of the magnet. When the single
electrode comes in contact with a minute electrode on the cylinder (say at
3 minutes before 5) the circuit through this magnet is closed and the. armature
attracted allowing the pin to slip by the stop and the drum to rotate until the pin
is brought against another stop. This carries the raised portion nearly to contact
with the spring. The second stop is so formed that when the armature is released
by the subsequent opening of the circuit, the pin is released and the druin allowed
to rotate until another pin is brought against the stop thus allowing the raised
portions to make contact with the spring striking two successive blows on the
gong. Three minutes later the single electrode strikes another minute electrode on
the cylinder, a pin is released by the armature and brought against the second stop,
nearly allowing one of the surfaces to make contact with spring; at the subsequent
release of the armature the pin is released, the drum revolves until the pin is again
brought against the stop allowing the spring to make contact with. the surface
striking the final blow on the gong.
According to another part of the said invention the cylinder has its holes
arranged in parallel peripheral rows.
The cylinder is rotated by a ratchet having sixty teeth and a pawl operated by
the armature of an electro-magnet a distance equal to the length of one ratchet
tooth each minute, thus giving the cylinder a complete revolution once each hour.
A notched bar supporting a single electrode is raised by a dog operated by the
armature of an electro-magnet once each hour
The general operation is the same as that of the apparatus first described.
In carrying out this part of the present invention I provide the cylinder with an
upward extension and with another series of rows of holes, preferably corresponding in

page_text: number and arrangement to the holes already described in the lower portion of the
cylinder.
In the holes of the extension, pins may be placed to correspond with a Sunday
time-table. The notched bar supporting the single electrode above described is
provided at its upper end with a similar electrode adapted to make contact with
the pins successively, the electrode moving in unison with the electrode.
During the six week days the electrode is kept out of the electric circuit in
which the signal bell is located so that the circuit is not closed by the contact of
the electrode and pins until the seventh day, when one electrode is automatically put
into the circuit with the signal bell and another electrode is automatically cut out
from said circuit and made inoperative. This change is effected in the present
instance by the devices next described. A shaft is journalled in insulated bearings
on the base and provided with a ratchet having seven teeth and with two discs of
insulating material one of which has a short metallic section in its periphery equal
to about one seventh of its circumference, while the other has a metallic section
equal to about six sevenths of its circumference. On the periphery of one disc
bear two metallic springs one of which is in metallic connection through a post and
flexible wire with the single electrode and the other is connected with the metallic
base of the apparatus.
A spring is connected to the post, and with said post is insulated from the
metallic base, while another spring is in metallic connection with said base, which is
connected with one pole of the battery in the signalling circuit. When the springs
rest on the metallic portion of the disc they are electrically connected so that when
the electrode is in contact with one of the pins the circuit will be closed and the
signal operated but when the springs rest on the insulating portion of the disc they
are insulated from each other and the electrode is cut out of the circuit and
inoperative. On the disc rest two springs one of which is connected with one
electrode through a post and flexible wire, said post and spring being insulated from
the base while the other is in metallic connection with the base. The springs when
resting on the metallic portion of the disc put the electrode in circuit and when
resting on the insulating portion cut out said electrode and render it inoperative.
The discs are so arranged on their arbor that when the springs of one disc rest on a
metallic portion, the springs of the other disc rest on an insulating portion and
vice versa.
The ratchet is rotated one seventh of a complete rotation by each
descent of the bar, said bar carrying a tooth which engages with a tooth of the
ratchet when the bar drops, and with a stop which abuts against a succeeding
tooth and prevents the tooth from rotating the ratchet more than one seventh of a
complete rotation.
The ratchet is formed in a separate piece from the cylinder and is journalled in a
sleeve on the base. The lower journal of the cylinder rests in a socket in the
upper surface of the ratchet and is removable from the latter. A pin projecting
from the cylinder into an orifice in the ratchet connects the cylinder and ratchet so
that they will rotate together. The upper journal of the cylinder receives a stud
which slides vertically in a holder in the yoke or frame and is pressed downwardly
by a spring. When the stud is raised, the cylinder is released and can be removed
from the ratchet and base so that re-adjustment of the pins can be readily
effected.
The electro-magnet which attracts the armature carrying the cylinder rotating
dog is excited once each minute by suitable connections with an electrical clock.
I provide an arrangement whereby said magnet is excited by the operation of the
armature of a telegraphic sounder of the kind ordinarily used in a time service
system and operated by a standard clock at an observatory, so as to give a blow
or sound which is synchronous with every alternate vibration of the standard
clock pendulum excepting at intervals when the operation of the sounder is
interrupted to mark divisions of time. In the time service connected with the
clock at the observatory at Cambridge, Massachusetts, the sounders are caused to
operate every alternate second until twenty nine sounds have been given, then a

page_text: pause occurs which marks the close of the minute. Four minutes are indicated in
this way in succession and during the fifth minute the operation of the sounder
ceases after giving eighteen sounds until the close of the minute, so that a longer
pause occurs marking the closing of a period of five minutes. I provide a ratchet
or an arbor and a disc of insulating material affixed to the same arbor, and provided
with five insulated metallic sections on its periphery. The ratchet has one
hundred and thirty four teeth, a number equal to the number of sounds given
by the sounder in five minutes, as above set forth. There is a pair of metallic
springs bearing on the disc. One of these springs is connected with the magnet
and the other with one pole of a local battery with the other pole of which the
magnet is connected. When the springs both rest on a metallic section the circuit is
closed through the magnet, the latter is caused to attract its armature and rotate the
cylinder one step. The number of teeth with which the ratchet is provided ensures
one complete rotation of the ratchet and the disc every five minutes and the
arrangement of the metallic sections is such that the circuit will be closed in the
manner described at the expiration of each minute, four of said sections being at
uniform distances apart and the fifth being separated from the fourth by a space
shorter than any that exists between the others, so that the fifth section will be
brought to contact with the springs by the eighteen beats of the fifth minute.
In one arrangement the holes for the pins or minute electrodes in each part of
the cylinder are arranged in a single spiral row, the number of holes being the
same as previously described. The single electrodes are raised continuously and
their upward motion is effected by means of a spirally grooved vertical arbor, a sleeve
adapted to slide vertically on said arbor and supporting the electrodes and a pin
passing through the sleeve and entering a spiral groove in the arbor. There is a
gear wheel on the arbor meshing with a gear wheel on the arbor of the ratchet, the
arbor being thus rotated by, and with, the cylinder, the spiral groove causing the
pin and sleeve with the electrodes to move continuously upward on the arbor. I
have arranged the pins and the electrode so that they have a mechanical action
whereby a clock train is released and caused to rotate a circuit breaking and
closing disc. The electrode, which in this instance may be called a lever, is
pivotted to the sleeve and is engaged at its rear end with an elongated crank on a
rock shaft journalled in suitable fixed bearings. On the rock shaft is an arm
to which is pivotted a second arm having a stop at its outer end. When a pin
comes in contact with the electrode or lever it turns said lever on its pivot and
thus causes it through the crank to turn the shaft in its bearings and move the
arm in one direction, a spring pressing the lever towards the cylinder and moving
the arm in the opposite direction when the pin that displaced the lever passes by
said lever; the arm is thus reciprocated so that the stop will come alternately in
front of pins on a disc which is rotated by a train of gearing impelled by a spring.
Each movement of the arm in one direction releases the pin bearing against the
stop and causes said stop to arrest the next pin while the opposite movement of
the arm causes its stop to release one pin and stop the next pin. The periphery of
the disc is provided with projections which when the disc is rotated make contact
successively with a metallic spring which is electrically connected with the spring
that bears on the disc. The contact of each projection with the spring closes the
circuit through the signal bell, the disc being connected through a battery and the
signal bell with the spring bearing on the disc. The projections are preferably so
arranged that during one movement of the disc a given number of signals will be
given, say two, and at the next a different number, say one, henceby placing one
pin in a hole representing the starting minute and another in a hole representing
one or more minutes prior to the starting minute, the first pin will cause a warning
signal to be given differing from the starting signal given by the next pin. The
electrode is electrically connected with an electro magnet which is connected
through a battery with the metallic frame of the machine, and the cylinder so that
whenever a pin in the extension of the cylinder touches the electrode the circuit is
closed through the electro magnet and the armature thereof is attracted. Said

page_text: armature has a stop which projects over a disc having pins and projections arranged
like those of the disc. One disc is rotated by a train of gearing impelled by the
spring. A stop, when the armature is attracted to the magnet, arrests one of the
pins and when the armature is released arrests one of the other pins of the disc.
A spring electrically connected with the spring of the drum is arranged to make
contact with the projections of one disc, said disc being connected, through the
battery and the signal bell, with the spring bearing on another disc so that the
rotation of another disc caused by the closing of the circuit through the magnet
causes the signal to be operated, as by the rotation of one of the discs. This disc
is automatically kept in circuit for six days in succession, and is then cut out while
one of the other discs is automatically put in circuit on the seventh day and
allowed to remain one day and is then cut out by means of the arbor ratchet, discs,
and springs, as already described, the ratchet being rotated one seventh of a
revolution by each descent of the sleeve, said sleeve carrying the tooth which
operates the ratchet.
The sleeve is released, and allowed to fall after reaching its extreme of elevation,
by the withdrawal of the pin from the spiral groove in the arbor thereby depriving
the sleeve of its only support. The pin is withdrawn by the contact of an arm on
the cylinder with a lever which is pivotted to the sleeve and bears against a pin
When the sleeve reaches a
on the pivotted arm on which the pin is formed.
sufficient height the rotation of the cylinder causes the arm to tilt the lever and
the latter to tilt the arm so as to withdraw the pin. The sleeve then falls until
arrested by a stop. The sleeve is guided and prevented from rotating on the arbor
by an arm projecting from the sleeve and having a slot in its outer end which
rides on a rock shaft.
In one arrangement the dog which operates the ratchet of the cylinder is
connected to the electro-magnet and the latter is pivotted so as to swing toward,
and from, a fixed armature. By thus making the electro-magnet movable, instead
of its armature, I obtain an increase of power from the weight and momentum of
the magnet and rotate the cylinder more positively.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Robert Lake in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
5th February 1883.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co, Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO ELECTRICAL
SIGNALLING APPARATUS FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER PURPOSES" a communication to
me from abroad by George Ward Blodgett and Aaron Daniel Blodgett both of
Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
The object of one part of this invention is to provide an electric signalling
apparatus adapted to automatically operate a gong or other signalling device at
any predetermined time or times, varying as desired, during each successive hour
of the day or night and it consists partly in combining and arranging a series of
electrodes, adapted to be changed as desired, and each representing a minute or
unit of time, with a rotating cylinder or drum that will bring them successively
into contact with a single vertically moving electrode located in the same circuit
with the series above mentioned, thereby completing the circuit and operating the
signal. It also includes a circuit breaking device by means of which preliminary or
warning signals may be given, and further certain other details and combinations of
parts as hereinafter described.
,
Another part of the said invention consists in the provision of means, whereby
after the circuit closing devices referred to in the description of the first part of
this invention have been in operation for six days giving each day signals for the
departure of railway trains according to a week day schedule, they will be
rendered inoperative, and a differently arranged set will be brought automatically
into action on the seventh day, conforming to the Sunday time table. The said
invention also has for its object, to provide improved means for automatically
keeping the cylinder in unison with a standard clock at any desired point, and
this part of the said invention consists in the provision of means, whereby the
vibrations of the armature of an ordinary "sounder," connected electrically with a
signal clock and operated thereby at regular intervals, are caused to regulate the
operation of a chronometrical device.
The said invention also consists in certain details of construction as hereinafter
described.
In the accompanying drawings-
Figures 1 to 5 which illustrate the first part of this invention.
Figure 1 is a side elevation and diagram of apparatus constructed according to
this invention.
Figure 2 is a front elevation of the same.
Figure 3 is a front elevation of a portion of the mechanism shown in Figure 2.
Figure 4 is a top view or plan.
Figure 5 is a section on the line y y Figure 1.
Figures 6 to 22 illustrate another part of the said invention
Figure 6 is a front elevation of a signalling apparatus
Figure 7 is a side elevation of the same
Figure 8 is a section on the line ↑ Figure 7

page_text: YOWO SHIUstawing the
°
in Figure 13.
Figure 21 is a diagram of the connections employed with the construction shown
in Figure 13.
Figure 22 illustrates a modification.
Figure 23 is a side elevation of a modification of this invention.
Figure 24 is a plan of the lower portion of the said mechanism the cylinder being
removed and the drum with spirally arranged pins being shown in section.
Figure 25 is a side elevation of the upper portion of the apparatus.
Figure 26 is a top view of certain details.
Figures 27, 28 and 29 are views showing an improved manner of supporting the
projections.
Figure 30 shows an improved arrangement of one armature of an electro-magnet
for actuating a part of the mechanism.
In carrying into practice the first part of the said invention I provide a metallic
cylinder D, having on its outer surface a series of metallic pins or electrodes p.
I also provide a single electrode h, and means as hereinafter described whereby the
Baid single electrode is caused to make contact successively with each of the
electrodes of the cylinder D. The cylinder D and its electrodes and the single
electrode h are included in a single electric circuit, which also includes a gong or
other signalling device the said circuit being closed and caused to operate the gong
whenever the single electrode touches either of the electrodes of the cylinder D.
The electrodes p are so arranged that each is brought in contact with the single
electrode h at a predetermined time of day or night, corresponding to a given
minute or unit of time, hence for convenience of description I will call them minute
electrodes. The cylinder D is journalled to rotate on a vertical axis supported by
a base B, and provided with twenty four parallel peripheral rows of holes, each row
representing one hour and consisting of sixty holes.
The minute electrodes p are inserted in these holes according to the order in
which signals are to be given. On the lower end of the cylinder are formed
sixty ratchet teeth.
There is an electro-magnet under the cylinder, the armature a, of which is
provided with a pawl b¹ which, at each attraction of the armature, engages with
one of the teeth a² of the cylinder, and rotates the said cylinder one tooth. The
circuit is closed through the magnet M once each minute by the action of a
suitable electrical clock. The armature is provided with a stop 63 which, when
the armature is attracted, abuts against the forward portion of a ratchet tooth
behind the one engaged by the pawl b' and prevents the cylinder from rotating by
its own momentum after the pawl stops.
At the upper end of the cylinder D is a metal projection g, which comes in
contact at the beginning of each hour with an insulated spring h' which is in
electrical connection with an electro magnet N by a wire 2, the other pole of the
said magnet being connected by a wire 3 with battery N° 1, the other pole of said
battery being connected by a wire 4 with the metal base B on which the cylinder
is journalled. When the projection g comes in contact with the spring h¹ therefore,
the circuit (normally open) is closed through the magnet N causing an attraction
of its armature (pivoted at k), thus raising an arm supported by the armature
and lifting a toothed rod 7, with which the said arm is engaged, one notch. The
said rod carries the single electrode h and by its movement raises the said electrode
from a point opposite one row of holes.to a point opposite the next row. The
electrode h and rod r are attached to a slide s which is adapted to move on a fixed
vertical guide ¿¹.
l
When the arm is raised as described it is clamped between a fixed pin m and
the side of the electrode rod, and thus prevented from lifting the said rod more
than one notch at each attraction of the armature of the magnet N. At 12 o'clock
at night the electrode rod is brought to the position shown in full lines in
Figure 2, the arm being engaged with the last or lowest notch on the said rod.

page_text: At 1 o'clock the arm is lifted and a spring n on the electrode rod brought
against the back side of a pivoted latch a¹ forcing the said latch against the arm l,
releasing the said arm from its engagement with the electrode rod and clamping it
against a stop c on a fixed frame A. At the same time the heel of the latch a¹
strikes a dog b pivoted to A and disengages the said dog from the rod r.
It will be apparent, that, so long as the armature of the magnet N is in contact
with said magnet, the arm / will be held up against the stop c, and the said arm so
long as thus held up prevents the latch a' from falling, and so prevents the dog b
from reengaging with the rod r which is therefore free to fall until the electrode h
is brought opposite the lowest ring on the cylinder. The slide 8 is arrested by a
yielding stop t which limits the downward movement. At the next movement of
the cylinder the contact between the projection g and spring h¹ is broken, thus
opening the circuit and allowing the armature to fall away from the magnet N, and
the arm to drop and engage with a lower notch on the electrode rod, the latch a¹
to resume its normal position, and the dog b to also engage with and support the
electrode rod.
A spring u holds the latch a' away from the dog b, and a spring v (see Figure 4)
holds the arm with a yielding pressure against the electrode rod. The cylinder
is therefore rotated one step every minute, and effects a complete rotation every
hour and the single electrode is adjusted after each complete rotation of the
cylinder, so that during each hour it will coincide with a different row of holes in
the cylinder from the preceding hour.
The result is the contact of the single electrode with all of the minute electrodes
in succession, and the closing of the circuit through a signal gong or series of gongs
during each contact, which preferably lasts about seven seconds. We prefer to
give one or more preliminary signals before each signal. This is effected by the
employment of a circuit breaker composed of a rotary drum M¹ having projections
11, 12 and 13 and a spring L adapted to make contact with said projections. The
drum M' is rotated by a train of gearing driven by a spring and is held and
released by stops o¹ o² on the armature of a magnet H which is connected by a
wire 5 with the single electrode h. The spring L of the circuit breaker is insulated
from its support but connected by a wire 7 with battery N° 1, the other pole of
the said battery being connected by a wire 8 through a gong with the metal frame
of the circuit closer, when the drum rotates the surfaces 11, 12 and 13 are
successively brought in contact with the spring L, each surface momentarily
closing the circuit through the gongs, and the intermediate depressions breaking
the circuit.
The parts being in the position shown in Figure 1, the drum is prevented from
rotating by a pino on the drum, in contact with the stop o¹ on the armature of
the magnet H. When the single electrode comes in contact with a minute
electrode on the cylinder (say at 3 minutes before 5) the circuit through the
magnet H is closed and the armature attracted allowing the pin o to slip by the
stop o' and the drum to rotate until the pin o is brought against another stop or
This carries the raised portion 11 nearly to contact with the spring L. The
stop o² is so formed that, when the armature is released by the subsequent opening
of the circuit, the pin o is released and the drum allowed to rotate until the pin o³
is brought against the stop o' thus allowing the raised portions 11, 12 to make
contact with the spring L, striking two successive blows on the gong. Three
minutes later the single electrode strikes another minute electrode on the cylinder,
the pin o³ is released by the armature, and brought against the stop o nearly
allowing the surface of the part 13 to make contact with the spring L, at the
subsequent release of the armature, the pin o is released, the druin revolves until
the più o is again brought against the stop o' allowing the spring L to make
contact with the surface 13 striking the final blow on the gong.
According to another part of the said invention the cylinder D shown in
Figures 6 and 7 has its holes arranged in parallel peripheral rows while in

page_text: Figure 13 a spiral arrangement of holes is shown, which will be described
hereinafter.
The said cylinder is rotated by a ratchet f having sixty teeth and a pawl b
operated by the armature of an electro magnet M a distance equal to the length of
one ratchet tooth each minute, thus giving the cylinder a complete rotation once
each hour.
The notched bar r supporting the single electrode his raised by a dog b¹
operated by the armature of an electro magnet N once each hour.
The general operation is the same as that of the apparatus first described.
In carrying out this part of the present invention I provide the cylinder D with
an upward extension D' and with another series of rows of holes, preferably
corresponding in number and arrangement to the holes already described, in the
lower portion of the cylinder.
In the holes of the extension D¹, pins p¹ may be placed to correspond with a
Sunday time-table. The notched rod supporting the single electrode / above
described is provided at its upper end with a similar electrode adapted to make
contact with the pins 2 successively, the electrode h¹ moving in unison with the
electrode h.
During the six week days, the electrode ' is kept out of the electric circuit in
which the signal bell is located so that the circuit is not closed by the contact of
the electrode and pins p' until the seventh day, when the electrode h' is automa-
tically put into the circuit with the signal bell and the electrode h is automatically
cut out from the said circuit and rendered inoperative. This change is effected in
the present instance by the devices next described; i represents a shaft journalled
in insulated bearings on the base B, and provided with a ratchet j having seven
teeth, and with two discs of insulating material, one of which, k' has a short
metallic section 7 in its periphery equal to about one seventh of its circumference,
while the other k, has a metallic section 1 equal to about six sevenths of its
circumference. On the periphery of the disc k¹ bear two metallic springs ool, one
of which is in metallic connection through a post p² and flexible wire g with the
single electrode h, and the other is connected with the metallic base B of the
apparatus.
The spring o is connected to the post p² and with the said post is insulated from
the metallic base B while the spring o¹ is in metallic connection with the said base,
which is connected with one pole of the battery in the signalling circuit. When
the springs o o' rest on the metallic portion of the disc k¹ they are electrically
connected, so that when the electrode h is in contact with one of the pins p the
circuit will be closed and the signal operated, but when the springs rest on the
insulating portion of the disc, they are insulated from each other, and the electrode
h is cut out of the circuit and inoperative. On the disc k rest two springs 8 8¹, one
of which s is connected with the electrode h¹ through a post u and flexible wire v,
said post and spring being insulated from the base B; while the other 8, is in
metallic connection with the base.
The springs 88' when resting on the metallic portion of the disc k put the
electrode h¹ in circuit, and when resting on the insulating portion, cut out the said
electrode and render it inoperative. The discs k k¹ are so arranged on their arbor,
that when the springs of the disc rest on a metallic portion, the springs of the
disc rest on an insulating portion and vice versa. The ratchet j is rotated one
seventh of a complete rotation by each descent of the bar r the said bar carrying
a tooth v¹ which engages with a tooth of the ratchet wheel when the bar drops, and
with a stop w which abuts against a succeeding tooth and prevents the tooth vi
from rotating the ratchet more than one seventh of a complete rotation. The
operation is as follows:- At the commencement of the week or on Monday the
springs 8 8' rest on the forward portion of the metallic surface of the disc k, and the
springs o o¹ rest on the forward portion of the insulating surface of the disc k¹. At
the end of each day the discs k k' are partly rotated as described, and at the end of
:

page_text: the sixth day the conditions of the two discs are reversed, the springs o o¹ resting
on the insulating surface of the disc k¹ and the springs 8 8' on the metallic surface
of the disc k. On the seventh day therefore the circuit is closed by the pins p¹
and electrode h. The metallic portion of the disc k¹ and the insulating portion of
the disc k are of such length, that the next rotation of the discs restores them to
the condition first described. It will be seen therefore, that the action whereby the
week day time is suspended on Sunday and restored on Monday is entirely
automatic, so that no readjustment of the minute electrodes is necessary to adapt
the apparatus for Sunday use.
The ratchet f is formed in a separate piece from the cylinder, and is journalled
in a sleeve on the base B. The lower journal of the cylinder rests in a socket
A pin j¹
in the upper surface of the ratchet, and is removable from the latter.
projecting from the cylinder into an orifice in the ratchet connects the said
cylinder and ratchet so that they will rotate together. The upper journal p³ of the
cylinder receives a stud p* which slides vertically in a holder in the yoke or
When
frame B and is pressed downwardly by a spring as shown in Figure 7.
the stud p is raised the cylinder D is released and can be removed from the
ratchet and base so that readjustment of the pins can be readily effected.
The electro-magnet M which attracts the armature carrying the cylinder rotating
dog b, is excited once each minute by suitable connections with an electrical clock.
In Figure 11 I have shown an arrangement whereby the said magnet is excited
by the operation of the armature E of a telegraphic sounder, of the kind ordinarily
used in a time service system, and operated by a standard clock at an observatory,
80 as to give a blow or sound which is synchronous with every alternate vibration
of the standard clock pendulum, excepting at intervals when the operation of the
In the time service connected
sounder is interrupted to mark divisions of time.
with the clock at the observatory at Cambridge, Massachusetts, the sounders are
caused to operate every alternate second, until twenty nine sounds have been
given and then a pause occurs which marks the close of the minute. Four minutes
are indicated in this way in succession, and during the fifth minute the operation
of the sounder ceases after giving eighteen sounds until the close of the minute, so
that a longer pause occurs marking the closing of a period of five minutes.
F represents a ratchet on an arbor G and H represents a disc of insulating
material affixed to the said arbor, and provided with five insulated metallic
sections I, I, I, I, I, on its periphery. The ratchet F has one hundred and thirty
four teeth, a number equal to the number of sounds given by the sounder in five
minutes, as above set forth. J, J represent a pair of metallic springs bearing on
the disc H. One of these springs is connected with the magnet M and the other
with one pole of a local battery K, with the other pole of, which the magnet M is
connected. When the springs J J both meet on a metallic section I, the circuit is
closed through the magnet M, the latter is caused to attract its armature and
rotate the cylinder D one step. The number of teeth with which the ratchet F is
provided ensures one complete rotation of the ratchet and the disc H every five
minutes, and the arrangement of the metallic sections I is such that the circuit
will be closed in the manner described at the expiration of each minute, four of
the said sections being at uniform distances apart and the fifth being separated
from the fourth by a space shorter than any that exist between the others, so that
the fifth section will be brought to contact with the springs J J by the eighteen
beats of the fifth minute.
The discs n n shewn in Figure 12 are constructed and operated like the corre-
sponding discs n n¹ shown in Figures 13, 15 and 16 and hereinafter described.
The holes for the pins or minute electrodes p in each part of the cylinder are
arranged in a single spiral row, the number of holes being the same as previously
described. The single electrodes h h¹ are raised continuously and their upward
motion is effected by means of a spirally grooved vertical arbor + a sleeve t
adapted to slide vertically on the said arbor and supporting the electrodes h h¹ and
a pin el passing through the sleeve t and entering the spiral groove g in the arbor r

page_text: A represents a gear wheel on the arbor engaging with a gear wheel A' on the
arbor of the ratchet f, the arbor being thus rotated by and with the cylinder D,
the spiral groove causing the pin e¹ and sleeve t with the electrodes h¹ to move
continuously upward on the arbor ". I have arranged the pins p and the
electrode h so that they have a mechanical action, whereby a clock train is released
and caused to rotate a circuit breaking and closing disc. The electrode h which in
this instance may be called a lever is pivoted to the sleeve t and is engaged at its
rear end with an elongated crank a on a rock shaft c journalled in suitable fixed
bearings. On the rock shaft c is an arm d, to which is pivoted a second arm e
having a stop e² at its outer end. When a pin p comes in contact, with the
electrode or lever h it turns the said lever on its pivot and thus causes it, through
the crank a, to turn the shaft c in its bearings and move the arm e in one direction,
a spring a pressing the lever towards the cylinder and moving the arm e in the
opposite direction, when the pin p that displaced the lever h passes by said lever;
the arm e is thus reciprocated, so that the stop e' will come alternately in front of
the pins m m² on a disc n which is rotated by a train of gearing P, Q, R, S, driven
by a spring T. Each movement of the arm e in one direction releases the pin m
bearing against the stop e¹, and causes the said stop to arrest the next pin m²
while the opposite movement of the arm e causes its stop to release the pin m¹ and
stop the next pin m. The periphery of the disc n is provided with projections U,
which when the disc is rotated, make contact successively with a metallic spring Vi
which is electrically connected with the spring 8 that bears on the disc k (see
Figure 21). The contact of each projection U with the spring V¹ closes the circuit
through the signal bell, the disc n being connected through a battery W, and the
signal bell with the spring 81 bearing on the disc h, as shown in Figure 21. The
projections U are preferably so arranged that during one movement of the disc na
given number of signals will be given, say two, and at the next a different number,
say one, hence by placing one pin p in a hole representing the starting minute and
another in a hole representing one or more minutes prior to the starting minute, the
first pin will cause a warning signal to be given differing from the starting signal
given by the next pin. The electrode ¹ is electrically connected with an electro-
magnet V which is connected through a battery W with the metallic frame of the
machine, and the cylinder D, so that whenever a pin p' in the extension of the
cylinder touches the electrode h', the circuit is closed through the electro-magnet V
and the armature We thereof is attracted. The said armature has a stop which
projects over a disc n' having pins m m³, and projections U arranged like those of
the disc n. The disc n' is rotated by a train of gearing E¹, F¹, G¹, H' driven by the
spring T. The stop X when the armature is attracted to the magnet, arrests one of
the pins m, and when the armature is released arrests one of the pins m³, of the
disc n². A spring Y electrically connected with the spring o of the drum k¹ is
arranged to make contact with the projections U of the disc m', the said' disc being
connected through the battery W₁ and the signal bell with the spring o' bearing on
the disc ', so that the rotation of the disc n¹ caused by the closing of the circuit
through the magnet V, causes the signal to be operated, as by the rotation of the
disc n.
The disc n is automatically kept in circuit for six days in succession,
and is then cut out while the disc n¹ is automatically put in circuit on the
seventh day and allowed to remain one day and is then cut out by means of the
arbor ratchet j, discs kc, k', and springs o o¹ and 8 8¹ as already described, the
ratchet j being rotated one seventh of a revolution by each descent of the sleeve t,
the said sleeve carrying the tooth v which operates the ratchet j.
The sleeve t is released and allowed to fall after reaching its extreme of
elevation, by the withdrawal of the pin e¹ from the spiral groove in the arbor ²,
thereby depriving the sleeve t of its only support. The pin e¹ is withdrawn by the
contact of an arm O¹, on the cylinder D, with a lever P' which is pivoted to the
sleeve t and bears against a pin Q¹ on the pivoted arm R¹ on which the pin el is
formed. When the sleeve t reaches a sufficient height, the rotation of the cylinder
causes the arm O' to tilt the lever P' and the latter to tilt the arm R¹, so as to

page_text: withdraw the pin e'. The sleeve t then falls until arrested by a stop S¹. The said
sleeve is guided and prevented from rotating on the arbor ¹ by an arm T' projecting
from the sleeve and having a slot in its outer end which rides on the rock shaft c.
In Figure 22 the dog b which operates the ratchet f of the cylinder is connected
to the electro-magnet M, and the latter is pivoted at p so as to swing toward and
from a fixed armature M³. By thus making the electro-magnet movable instead of
its armature I obtain an increase of power from the weight and momentum of the
magnet and rotate the cylinder more positively.
In a modification of this invention illustrated in Figures 23-30 A* represents
the vertical cylinder having parallel peripheral rows of holes forty eight in number,
each row having sixty holes. The number of rows is equal to twice the number of
hours in one day, so that there are twenty four rows for week day use, and the same
number for Sunday use. The rows of holes for Sunday use alternate with the rows
for week-day use instead of being grouped by themselves at one end of the cylinder.
Pins or projections * are placed in the said holes in any desired order according to
the order of signals to be given.
The cylinder is rotated one step in each minute by a pawl B* operated either by
a pivoted electro-magnet as shown in Figure 24 or by a pivoted armature lever g*
as shown in Figure 30, the said pawl engaging with a ratchet a* having sixty teeth
and suitably secured to the cylinder. Crepresents a drum journalled in the frame
which supports the cylinder A* and provided with twenty four pins p¹* arranged
spirally the said pins coinciding with the alternate rows of pins p* The drum C*
is rotated one step in each hour, so as to make a complete rotation every twenty
four hours, by a pawl E* engaging with a ratchet * having twenty four teeth
affixed to the arbor of the drum C*. The pawl E* is pivoted to a lever F* which
is pivoted at G✶ to the base of the supporting frame and is pressed by a spring H*
against a cam I* on the arbor of the ratchet a*. The said cam is adapted to move
the pawl E backwardly a distance equal to the length of one of the teeth of the
ratchet 6* and then release the said pawl, this movement being effected once during
each complete rotation of the ratchet a*. d* represents a swinging frame composed
of horizontal arms 21*, 2¹* pivoted to the arbor of the drum C*, and vertical rods
31*, 31*, connecting said arms. Upon one of the rods 31* is journalled a series of
twenty four levers D* coinciding with the pins p* each lever being independent of
the others, and adapted to oscillate loosely on the supporting frame. The levers D*
are so arranged that one end of each can come in contact with a pin p* and tho
opposite end with a pin pl*. The frame d* is held normally by a spring J* with only
one end of the levers D* in contact with a pin, but when a pin p* and pin p¹* come
at the same time in contact with the ends of a lever D* the frame d* is swung
outwardly by the movement of said pins to the position shown in Figure 24. The
movement thus given to the frame d* causes an arm e* attached to the upper
arm 2 of said frame and carrying a pin el*, to move a slotted arm e²* which
receives the said pin, and thereby partially rotates a spindle L* to which the arm
e is attached. The spindle Lis journalled in the supporting frame and has
attached to its upper end a transverse bar detent f* which is oscillated by the
movement of the frame d* induced by the pins p* p* and spring J*. The oscilla-
tions of the detent j* causes it to alternately release and arrest the pins M* on a
drum N⚫ attached to an arbor O*, which is impelled by suitable clock movement
and carries a circuit breaking and closing drum or disc, whereby an electric circuit
is alternately closed and broken through a signal bell in the manner hereinbefore
described, the said circuit breaker being of well known construction and forming no
part of the present invention. It will be seen that each pin p₁* is brought in
succession into position to co-operate with a row of pins p* in the manner above
described, and held in such position one hour, so that during each hour the circuit
will be closed as many times as there are pins p* in the row with which the
operative pins p₁* coincides. At each partial rotation of the drum C* another
pin p is brought into operative position and the one that was before operative is
inade inoperative. This arrangement enables different signals to be given during

page_text: each hour of the day and night without the employment of a contact point or
electrode which is moved vertically step by step once each hour and allowed to fall
at the end of every twenty four hours as before described.
The frame d* and its levers D* are vertically movable to such an extent, that
the levers can be moved a distance equal to the space between each row of holes, in
the cylinder A* and the next row, so that the levers can be shifted from the
alternate rows devoted to week day use, to those devoted to Sunday use. During
the week days the frame d* and its levers are supported in the position shewn in
Figure 23 by a cam Q* which is a ring or disc journalled in an arm or bracket U*
over the ratchet b* and provided with a notch or recess c* occupying one seventh
of its circumference A lever R* pivoted at S* rests on the edge of said ring or
cam, and supports the frame d*. When the notch c* coincides with the lever R*
the latter drops into the said notch and lowers the frame d* sufficiently to move
the levers from one series of holes to the alternating series. The cam Q* is
provided with seven ratchet teeth T* which are successively engaged by a pin V*
on the ratchet b* the cam being therefore rotated one seventh of an entire
rotation by complete or daily rotation of the ratchet b* the change from weekday
to Sunday time is therefore automatically effected. The next partial rotation of
the cam Q* after the depression of the frame causes the bevel or side of the notch c✶
to raise the frame and levers to their former position.
In Figures 27. 28 and 29 we have shown a different form of the projections p*
and a different mode of supporting the same. Instead of making the said projections
in the form of pins and inserting them in holes, I in this instance make thein in
the form of collars recessed at the side and adapted to be compressed by a suitable
tool upon vertical rods or pins * which are secured to a flexible support composed
of vertical strips or sections * rivetted to flexible bands 72 which are adapted to
be secured to a cylindrical frame or support as shown in Figure 28 or to be placed
upon sprocket wheels A* A* as shown in Figure 29. The flexible support may
be removed from the cylinder or other supporting means, when it is desired to
adjust the projections p*. The said projections may be loosened by giving them a
slight tap to overcome their compression. The flexible support should be graduated
and marked to guide the operator in varying the projections p*.
In Figure 30 we have shown as a means for operating the ratchet a* a fixed
electro-magnet M1* and an armature g¹* formed on the end of a horizontally
oscillating lever g*. The armature g¹* presents a convex surface to the poles of
the magnet which surface is excentric to the pivot of the lever g*, and is so
arranged that it always is in close proximity to the poles of the magnet. The
movement of the armature toward the poles of the magnet causes the latter to
move in a direction nearly parallel with the surfaces of the said poles, but
converging slightly toward the same so that the attractive force of the magnet
will gradually increase as the armature swings inwardly. I have found that by
this arrangement a marked increase of power is obtained over the ordinary
arrangement in which the armature moves directly toward and from the poles of
the magnet.
Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent and the manner of performing the same I wish it understood
that I claim.
First: In an automatic time signalling apparatus, the combination of a cylinder
mounted upon a vertical shaft turning in a frame open at one side, and provided
with pin holes, arranged upon the intersections of parallel horizontal and parallel
vertical lines, and an electro-magnet and devices operated thereby arranged below
the lower end of the cylinder to turn the latter step by step, substantially as
set forth.
Second: In an electric signalling apparatus, the combination of a rotary
metallic cylinder having holes as described, means for rotating the said cylinder,
minute electrodes or pins inserted as desired in the said holes, a single movable
electrode located in a circuit, which is closed through a signalling device by the
:

page_text: contact of the single electrode with either of the pins, a circuit closed through an
electro-magnet by the cylinder once during each complete rotation thereof, and
mechanisin, substantially as described, operated by the armature of the said electro-
magnet to move the single electrode step by step, as set forth.
Third-In an electric signalling apparatus, the combination of an electric circuit,
including a signalling device, a series of minute electrodes, and a single electrode,
operated substantially as described, a mechanically rotated drum having projections
11, 12, 13 and pins o o³, the contact spring L, the electro magnet h, and the
armature having stops o' o³, the said parts being arranged and operated as described
to give a definite number of signals in succession at one closing of the circuit, and
a different signal by the next closing, as set forth.
Fourth-The combination of the rotary cylinder having ratchet teeth formed on
one of its ends, an electro magnet, an armature for the said magnet, a pawl
operated by the armature, to rotate the cylinder step by step, and a stop carried by
the said armature to limit the step by step rotations, of the cylinders, as set forth.
Fifth The combination of the sliding toothed rod r having a spring or arm n, the
arm oscillated vertically by the armature of an electro-magnet, pivoted so as to
oscillate laterally and held with a yielding pressure against the toothed side of the
rod the pivoted dog b and a pivoted latch a' adapted to be moved by the spring u
and disengage the arm and dog b from the rod r, whereby the said rod is released
and allowed to fall as set forth.
Sixth―The combination of the cylindrical body D, having minute electrodes p
means for rotating the said cylinder step by step, the adjustable single electrode, ·
mechanism substantially as described for adjusting the single electrode, step by step,
and an electric circuit closed through an electro-magnet by the cylinder once
during each rotation thereof, and mechanism substantially as described, operated by
the armature of the said electro-magnet to adjust the single electrode, as set forth.
Seventh-In an electric signalling apparatus, the combination in a single electric
circuit, of a metallic rotary cylinder having holes arranged in parallel rows or series,
pins or minute electrodes inserted as desired in the said holes, an electro-magnet
having an armature adapted to rotate the cylinder step by step, a single electrode
located on an adjustable slide, a secondary electro-magnet through which a circuit is
automatically closed at the completion of each rotation of the cylinder, and
mechanism, substantially as described, operated by the arinature of the secondary
magnet to adjust the single electrode, and cause it to coincide with a new row of
holes after each complete rotation of the cylinder, as set forth.
Eighth. In a signalling apparatus, the combination of a rotating vertical
cylinder having two parts or divisions each adapted to receive pins as described,
two single devices h h¹ moved upwardly along the cylinder by suitable mechanism,
so as to make contact with the said pins successively, and allowed to fall once each
day, a signal bell and intermediate devices whereby the signal is automatically
operated for six successive days by the pins of one division of the cylinder, and on
the seventh day by the pins of the other division of the said cylinder as set forth.
Ninth. In a signalling apparatus, the combination of a rotating cylinder having
two parts or divisions each adapted to receive pins as described two single
devices h h supported by a bar raised and released at intervals as described, a
signal bell located in an electric circuit, intermediate devices whereby the said
circuit is closed through the said bell by the action of the pins in one division or
the other of the cylinder, and an arbor having a ratchet which is rotated one step
by each descent of the said bar and circuit changing devices substantially as
described, operated by the rotation of the said arbor, whereby the pins in the
different divisions of the cylinder are caused to alternate in their action on the
circuit closing devices, the pins of one division being rendered operative for six
successive days, and the pins of the other division on the seventh day, as set forth.
Tenth The combination of the base B having the ratchet F, the cylinder D
having its lower bearing supported on and engaged with the said ratchet, so as to

page_text: be removable therefrom, and the vertically movable stud p* supporting the upper
journal of the cylinder, as set forth
Eleventh-The combination with a telegraph sounder and chronometrical
device, of a ratchet F operated by a pawl on the armature of the sounder, and
having as many teeth as there are operations of the sounder in a period of five
minutes, an insulating disc having metallic sections; arranged as described, and
springs bearing on the said disc and connected as described with a circuit which
includes an electro-magnet directly operating the chronometrical device.
the
Twelfth The combination of the rotating spirally grooved arbor
sleeve T supporting the devices h h¹ and having the movable pin e¹ entering the
spiral groove of the arbor, and automatic devices whereby the said pin is
withdrawn from the spiral groove, as set forth.
:-
Thirteenth The combination of the mechanically rotated disc n having the
pins m m and projections U and connected as described in an electric circuit, the
stop e adapted to arrest the pins m m¹ successively, the rock shaft o operating
the said stop, the pivoted lever h engaged as described with the rock shaft, and
the rotating cylinder D having pins adapted to operate the lever h as set forth.
Fourteenth The combination with the cylinder D having two sections or
divisions each provided with pins, of the mechanically impelled discs n n¹ connected
as described in the same electric circuit, and alternately arrested and released by
the action of the said pins, and automatic means for putting one of the said discs
into and the other out of the circuit at predetermined intervals, as set forth.
Fifteenth In a signalling apparatus, a rotary cylinder having two parts or
divisions, each adapted to receive pins and permit any desired adjustment of the
said pins as described.
"
Sixteenth-The combination with a ratchet and dog of a pivoted electro-magnet
and a fixed armature as and for the purpose specified.
Seventeenth. In an electric signalling apparatus the combination of a mechanically
impelled circuit breaker and closer located in a circuit, which includes a signal bell
and time mechanism for releasing and arresting the circuit breaker at predetermined
intervals the said mechanism consiting of a series of pins or projections p* arranged
as described on a cylinder or equivalent support rotated or moved one step in each
minute, a drum having spirally arranged pins or projections p¹* located as described
with relation to the pins p* and rotated one step in each hour, a series of levera
supported by a swinging frame, and adapted to be moved with the said frame by
the joint action upon either of the said levers of a pin p* and a pin pi*, and a
detent operated by the said swinging frame to hold or release the circuit breaker
and closer as set forth.
Eighteenth In an electric signalling apparatus the combination of a circuit
breaker and closer, a cylinder or equivalent support having a series of pins or
projections p✶ and rotated one step each minute, a drum having spirally arranged
pins or projections p₁ and rotated one step each hour a series of levers supported
by a swinging frame and adapted to be removed by the joint action of two pins to
operate a detent and automatic mechanism for supporting the said series of levers
in one position for six days and in a different position on the seventh day, whereby
the said levers are adapted to co-operate with a different arrangement of pins or
projections on the seventh day as set forth.
Nineteenth-In an electric signalling apparatus, a cylinder or equivalent
support, as specified, adapted to be rotated or moved step by step and provided
with a series of parallel rods ** adapted to support collars or projections p* as
Bet forth.
Twentieth In an electric signalling apparatus a chain or flexible sectional
band adapted to be supported on a cylinder or its specified equivalent, and com-
posed of vertical sections or strips secured to flexible connecting bands and each
provided with a longitudinal rod or rib adapted to receive collars or projections p*,
as set forth.

page_text: Twenty first-The combinations with the rods or ribs of the collars p*
adapted to be secured to the said rods or ribs by compression thereon as set forth.
Twenty second-The combination of the cylinder rotating ratchet a having
sixty teeth and rotated one step each minute and the secondary cylinder or drum
rotating ratchet b* having twenty four teeth and rotated one step by each complete
rotation of the ratchet a substantially as described.
Twenty third: The combination of the cylinder rotating ratchet a* having
sixty teeth and rotated one step in each minute the secondary cylinder or drum
rotating ratchet b* having twenty four teeth and rotated one step by each complete
rotation of the ratchet a and the lever frame supporting cam C* having seven
teeth and rotated one step by each complete rotation of the ratchet b* as
set forth.
Twenty fourth-The swinging lever frame d oscillated at predetermined
intervals as described and provided with an arın e* at its upper end, combined
with the oscillating detent f* having a slotted arm e* receiving a pin on the
arm fas set forth.
Twenty fifth-The combination of an electro magnet and its movable armature
relatively arranged, as described, so that some part of the armature will always
remain in close proximity to the poles of the magnet and the movement of the
armature towards the magnet will be in a line nearly parallel with but slightly
converging towards the surface of the armature as set forth.
Twenty sixth-The combination of the electro-magnet the curved armature
formed on a lever g* pivoted to oscillate horizontally and presenting a convex
surface which is excentric to the pivot of the said lever, as set forth.
In witness whereof I the said William Robert Lake have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Fifth day of February in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty three.