Improved Means for Preventing Vibration in Auto-cars, Cycles, and other Vehicles.
Year: 1896

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Means for Preventing Vibration in Auto-cars, Cycles, and
other Vehicles.
ROBERT JOHN SMITH 63 Rathgar Road, Rathgar, Co. Dublin Ireland, Bank Cashier
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My improvements or idea is a method of construction to prevent or minimize
jolting and vibration in Auto-Cars, vehicles, Cycles, Bicycles, Tricycles and the like.
Speaking generally it is to dispense with metallic springs, spring blocks and
pneumatic tyres, and substitute in their place Pneumatic cylinders or Pneumatic
globular figures, preferably somewhat barrel shaped, rather resembling in figure, but
not in precise dimension, a pastry hand-rolling inachine or sofa cushion. The material
of which the Pneumatic cylinder or Pneumatic globular figure should consist of
chiefly, should be preferably India-rubber, or tanned or untanned animal or fish skin,
such as leather, so as to render it in working pliable and elastic. The pneumatic
cylinder or Pneumatic globular figure might be secured to or connected with either
the frame or carrying portion of the before mentioned machines, or might be secured
or attached to, or connected with the axle on which, the wheel or wheels revolve, so as
that the weight of the frame or carrying portions of the before mentioned machines
should rest immediately or ultimately on the Pneumatic Cylinders or Pneumatic
globular figures.
Preferably I would have the Pneumatic cylinders or Pneumatic globular figures
with an aperture in each end or side, or axial centre, to admit of a hollow tubing, or
other substance, going horizontally right through the centre, or axial portion of the
before mentioned parts, to serve as a hearing and facilitate fastening of the sides if
necessary. It would also serve as a rigid unyielding cushion on which the air could
be compressed, throwing all the spring and elasticity out to the circumference or face
of the Pneumatic cylinder or Pneumatic globular figure when required there; also
somewhat after the fashion of the large end of a stethoscope this inner tubing should
have attached or attachable by a suitable mechanical arrangement two large ends or
ears to prevent the sides of the Pneumatic cylinders or l'neumatic globular figures
distending outwards under pressure, so as to convey all elasticity, spring and resiliency
to the required place. I would attach or connect these Pneumatic cylinders or
Pneumatic globular figures to the frame or carrying portion of the before mentioned
machines, or to the axle, by an arrangement or shackle something similar to the way
the handle of a perambulator is attached to the body of the car. I would have a
metallic, or other arm with a claw or grip to wholly or partly envelope or encircle.
these Pneumatic cylinders or Pneumatic globular figures, somewhat on the principle
of the "Bull-dog" paper holder or Magdeburg hemispheres, secured and regulated
by screw and thread arrangement, or other suitable mechanical arrangement. The
claw or grasp should at the ends turn outwards to prevent cutting of the material of
which the Pneumatic cylinders or Pneumatic globular figures are made. Preferably
the Pneumatic cylinder or Pneumatic globular figures should be made in one, as it
were a casting, to obviate the tieing or cealing of the sides or ends or axial
centres to

page_text: the inner metallic or other substance. The valve for pumping in air might be placed
at the side of the cylinder.
The central and principal idea for which I claim originality, novelty and utility is,
to have Pneumatic cylinders or Pneumatic globular figures, supporting directly or
indirectly the frame or carrying portion of Auto-Cars vehicles, Cycles, Bicyles,
Tricycles and the like, thus absorbing in its circular shape upward and downward,
backward and forward jolting and vibration and obviating the risk and uncertainty
associated with the puncture of Pneumatic tyres.
Dated this Third day of November 1896.
Improved Means for Preventing Vibration in Auto-cars, Cycles, and
other Vehicles.
I ROBERT JOHN SMITH 63 Rathgar Road, Rathgar, Co. Dublin Ireland Bank
Cashier do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
My improved means and apparatus for preventing or lessening vibration in
Vehicles, Auto-cars, Cycles, Bicycles, Tricycles and the like, causes the weight of the
before mentioned machines, or the object or substance to be carried, to rest entirely
or partly, directly or ultimately on lateral cylinders, in sections or otherwise, of
condensed or compressed air or gas, or other strong, pliable and elastic substance of the
like nature, by all or any of the hereinafter described methods arrangements or
apparatus. A concomitant part or apparatus to be used in connection with these
laterally placed compressed air cylinders or the like, should be a sufficiently strong,
unyielding metallic or other outer claw or encasement, preferably made to suit
ontward shape of internal air envelope or cylinder, and fit compactly any of the
hereinafter described compressed air envelopes or cylinders.
This metallic or other outward case or claw serves as a rigid unyielding encasement
or wall, on which the inner air envelope or cylinder rests, or plays against and
inaintains compression. It also serves as a suitable medium of attachment as
between the carrying portions or frame of the before mentioned machines, and their
supporting portion or axle and wheels.
These parts or apparatus might be supplemented by suitably large metallic or
other axle discs, in sections or otherwise, somewhat resembling in shape though not in
size, gas ceiling plates or door handle plates; these apparatus or parts prevent the
ends or sides of the internal air envelopes or cylinders, from distending outwards
under pressure so as to convey all the elasticity and compression to the required
place. They also practically prevent the side movement or disturbance of the outer
or inner cylindrical apparatus already referred to, or that of the axle, whilst the
before mentioned machines would be turning or in motion. This object is also
helped by the shackle arrangements hereinafter described.
The aforesaid means, arrangements or apparatus to be accompanied or supplemented
if desirable by plugging of solid indian rubber, leather, or other suitable substance
and by internal or external linings or coverings of metal, wood caoutchouc or gutta
percha, tanned or untanned animal or fish skin, such as leather-canvas webbing felt,
cordage, catgut, wire and the like with or without the application of asbestos, as
hereinafter described, also scorings flutings or internal or external stamping and the
like, to prevent slipping, creeping or disarrangement of parts working with, or in
one another.

page_text: The following means, arrangements or apparatus describe more fully the foregoing
general statement or description.
Fig. 1. Is a view of a plain tubular metallic outer case with axle discs entirely free
and independent of outer ense at either end, with collar or neck, showing a means of
attachment to axle, showing in the centre of collar a square internal inoulding to
grip rectangular part of axle and the belted collar style of fastening said discs to
axle. A. the outer metallic or other case. B. the larger part of axle disc. C. Belted
collar style of fastening.
Fig. 2. Is a view of part of collar flap, open or row-lock style of outward metallic
or other case, set on block fastened to an axle flange. E. the outer case. F. a collar
flap. G. bolts for fastening of shackle (Fig. 4) with block D. and flange H.
A. ordinary axle with flange. B. secondary axle without flange running through
collar flap outer case.
Fig. 3. Is a view of a cap with corresponding collar flaps to fit on F in Fig. 2. in
order to complete circular interior of outer case Fig. 2.
Fig. 4. Is a view of a suitable shackle band or belt to secure outer case in Fig. 2.
with cap attached, to block and flange, and keep said case immovable, if
used in connexion with a secondary axle in vehicles and the like, or otherwise.
Fig. 5. Is a view of a forked apparatus sitting in or working in an eye joint in pillar
stem of bicycle and the like, with an outer metallic or other case, if plainly tubular.
L. is the outer case. M. the forked arms on which the axle is suspended or held
secure by nuts. N. chain adjustment apparatus to alter pitch of saddle when desirable.
O is a view of an eye joint in saddle pillar stem, or tube, to alter pitch of saddle seat.
P. represents the round headed holts put through inner part of outer case on which
the metallic or other back bone in Fig. 7 would be secured.
Fig. 6. Is a view of a saddle seat proper, with a cap as in Fig. 3. to be attached to
outer case in Fig. 5. if it were inade like Fig. 2.
Fig. 7. Is a view of a saddle seat proper, with stamped or pierced curved backbone
to be attached to bolts in Fig. 5. if that method of altering pitch of saddle is
preferred, or if the case is plainly tubular.
Fig. 8. Is a view showing a method of connexion or attachment where it is
desirable to use more than one cylindrical apparatus, as in the case of heavy vehicles,
hansoms and the like. In this illustration there is a shackle attached to an outer case
as in Fig. 14. as also to a secondary axle as in Fig. 11. in which the outer case enclosing
the secondary axle is secured by shackle rings firmly attached to frame or the
like.
Fig. 9. Is a view of a shut ring shackle for connexion between fore carriage wheel
iron, pump handle or the like parts of vehicles, and the like, and the outer metallic or
other case enclosing air cylinder. The length of arms is arbitrary as the needs of
different cases require.
Fig. 10. Is a view of a tubular outer metallic case forged, brazed or attached to an
arm of metal such as front fork ends in a bicycle and the like.
2
Fig. 11. Is a view of a thick rounded centre grip in shackle, when attachment is
made on an axle.
Fig. 12. Is a view of a centrully perforated compressed air ring.
Fig. 13. Is a view of a spirally moulded compressed air or gas envelope. Y. shows
air valve at one end. Z. shows the outer end plugged and tied or sealed, or both
might have air valves.
Fig. 14. Is a view of shackle attachment to frame or shaft of outside car, and outer
metallic case. A. shows part of outer metallic or other case. B. the shaft. C. C¹ an
ordinary shekle. D. D nut and bolt attachment of shackle to a connecting metallic
arm which forms at or about its centre one half of a belted collar style of attachment
to an end of metallic or other outer case or envelope, and is indicated by G. G¹.
E. shows the underneath portion of belted collar style of grip or attachment with
a sandwiching of wood, or other suitable substance where desirable in connexion
with G. H. shows round headed or other bolts secured by nuts which hold together
belted collar or ring like shackle with outer metallic or other case, and if desirable a

page_text: strengthening metallic or other ring, where gauge or quality, of outer case renders it
desirable. I. shows strengthening metallic or other ring. K. shows axle passing
through metallic or other case.
As to the condensed or compressed air or gas cylindrical envelopes or the like, I
rely on the lateral placing or position of said compressed air envelope or analagous
cylinder to absorb upward or downward backward or forward jolting or vibration in
contradistinction to the limited effect of simply upright or longitudinal air envelopes.
I may have these air envelopes made preferably of what is commercially known as
indianrubber helped by the addition when desirable of canvas, webbing, leather,
asbestos and the like, in the moulding or manufacture of same or as inner or outer
lining or covering of said compressed air envelopes or cylinders. They might be
made in sections as in Fig. 12. or as a whole, or in one, as in Fig. 13.
Firstly. The air envelope or cylinder might be made in sections as it were of
perforated air blown rings, to be placed seriatum along a desirable portion of the axle
on which the wheels revolve, or on a secondary axle ultimately resting or supported
by the axle on which the wheels revolve, as in Fig. 2, but preferably on the latter
axle. These perforated circular or ring like air envelopes or cylinders, might be
made on the principle, but much stronger, than lawn tennis balls or Pneumatic hand
grips attached to handles of cycles and the like, having suitable covering of canvas,
webbing, leather, felt, asbestos and the like, and might or might not have separate
air valves, for the inflation and deflation, but preferably might be without such
valves, being simply manufactured sufficiently strong, elastic and pliable, to contain
the required quantity of condensed or compressed air or gas, to be replaced as wear
and tear rendered them unfit for efficient use. If fitted with air valves the onter
metallic or other case should have borings to receive said air valves, which might be
kept steadied in their proper place, by a screw and thread cap or crown nut, so large
as not to admit of valve returning inside the boring in outer metallic or other case.
Said outer case might have suitable scoring, fluting or stamping, to act as a stop to
prevent creeping, slipping or revolution of said sectional air rings or parts.
A part of the axle on which these compressed air rings would work or rest directly
or indirectly, might be preferably embedded in a sheathing or covering of tough
wood, indianrubber, gutta percha papier maché or the like, with or without asbestos
preparation, presenting a circular smooth face. This wooden or other enlargement or
covering of part of the axle, might have about the same diameter inclusive of the
metal axle, as the axle collar or widest part of the axle has. It might be put on in
sections and firmly secured to axle by its internal moulding, screwing, casting,
cementing and the like. The air rings could be put on over the axle collar, and one
or more flutings to each ring might be placed on said sheathing, as a stop to prevent
creeping, slipping or revolution of aforesaid rings. The flutings might resemble
half tubes and have bevelled ends.
Secondly. I might construct the air envelope or cylinder as a whole or in one, by
moulding or manufacturing a tubing piece in a spiral or twisted form or shape as in
Fig. 13, with similar materials and details of application as in the case of the before
described compressed air rings, with the modifications necessary for a spiral curve.
The axle might be forged somewhat spirally as a guiding bed, or a spiral bed of gutta
percha indian rubber, papier maché wood or the like, with or without asbestos
preparation, might be attached to axle as before described in the case of compressed
air rings. One end of this spiral tubing might be plugged and tied or sealed, with
screw and thread apparatus to receive outer cap or crown nut, already described as
being applied to air valves, of air rings to prevent same from returning into outer
metallic or other case. The other end might contain air valve with similar screw
and thread apparatus, to steady and secure same at boring or stamping made for it,
in outer metallic or other case corresponding to boring or stamping at opposite end
of outer case for securing the plugged or closed end of spiral tubing; or both ends
might have air valves, and more than one of these spiral envelopes might be used as
air envelopes to make the internal cylinders as a whole.
Thirdly. I might have the air envelope in sections or a number of narrow cylinders

page_text: taking rather the shape of a bicycle wheel, but made much stronger to effect purpose,
and same have a hub with aperture in centre to admit of same being attached to the
axle on which the wheels revolve, in which case the frame, shaft forecarriage wheel
iron, pump handle or equivalent part of the before mentioned machines, would be
attached to the outer metallic or other case by suitable shackles on the belted collar
ring, or split-ring style, as in Fig. 9 & 14: or the hub of said wheel cylinders might
rest or be attached to a secondary axle already referred to as in Fig. 2, in which case
the frame, shaft forecarriage wheel iron, pump handle or equivalent parts of the before
mentioned machines, might be attached to a secondary axle as in Figs. 2 & 11. and
not to the outer inetallic or other case, but the first attachment is preferable. Ring
like metallic or other parts might be attached to axle by keying, sweating, screwing
or the like to admit of hub of said narrow sectional cylinders being attached to axle,
and at the same time pass over the axle collar or I might dispense with hub and
spokes and simply attach and secure by screwing or other suitable method, the
metallic inner lining or rims holding the air envelopes or cylinders to an enlargement
or circumferential extension of axle hereinafter immediately described, if air rings
plus metal lining or rims, were preferred to air rings minus inetallic lining or rims."
Fourthly. I might have the air envelope or cylinder constructed by placing a
number of compressed air balls, so as to fill up the space between the axle and outer
inetallic or other case, with suitable end plugging of indian rubber or the like.
Fifthly. I might have the air onvelope or cylinder as one somewhat elliptically
shaped envelope or cylinder, made very strong at ends, being perforated or moulded
hollow in its axial centre. This pattern, or the air rings, might in the first instance
be made in the flat, as it were lengthwise, with suitable metallic or other fastening,
lacing or covering, to enable them to look round the axle or extension of same, in a
circular form, preferably to be used with an air valve through boring in outer case.
The first four forins or methods of constructing the inner compressed air envelope
or cylinder are chosen because of the strength gained by their circular character or
shape and the relief which such shape gives to the pressure in the ends or sides of
plin sofa cushioned cylinder.
I might have a metallic wooden or other suitable cylinder attached to the axle,
somewhat after the fashion of a garden roller, but preferably of metallic-bound
tough hard wood or strong gauge corrugated iron well supported internally, somewhat
resembling in shape an endless barrel to facilitate where desirable the twisting or
placing of air envelopes. This arrangement or apparatus serves as an extension of
the diameter and circumference of the axle and might be treated with guiding beds
for the air envelopes as before described or as in a musical box cylinder, it might be
suitably studded or set intermittently with lateral, curved, or half globular, or rounded
compressed air envelopes, set with or without metal or wooden, or other enclosures or
clasps on the principle of cycle rims which could be screwed on and all surrounded by
metallic or other outer case.
As to the outward case or claw like grip to partly enclose the inward compressed air
envelope or cylinder, its shape might be tubular plain or elliptical, somewhat barrel
shaped as in Fig. 1. or partly tubular with a collar-flap opening on circumferential face
as in Fig. 2 with cap or complement to complete circle as in Fig. 3.
This claw like
or collar flap outer case is desirable when a secondary axle might be used in connexion
with vehicles and the like as in Fig. 2 or in the case of the saddle cylinder in bicycles
and the like as in Fig. 5 & 6. Or it might take the form of the belted collar style,
in halves, or if desirable one portion or half might be hinged on to the other and
suitably locked or fastened elsewhere. These metallic, wooden or other outward grips
or cases might be made where desirable with outward or inward corrugations,
flutings, scorings, stampings and the like to suit the nature of the inner air
envelope to prevent its slipping creeping or disturbance in motion or otherwise.
The material might be gun barrel metal, corrugated iron of suitable gauge or tough
strong, light wood, preferably metal bound, resembling an endless barrell. The ends
of said metallic or other case might be strengthened by the addition of internal or
external metallic or other ring bands where it is desirable, to make the outer case the

page_text: medium of attachment, as between the carrying and supporting portions of the
before mentioned machines. These outer cases inight be lined with indian rubber
canvas, leather, gutta percha and the like, with or without asbestos preparation, to
lessen the effect of friction on the inner air envelope, and help to prevent it rolling.
These linings might be stainped or indented. This inner air envelope might be tied
laced or hooked in one cover of leather, canvas, felt or other suitable covering, with
or without asbestos preparation with a similar object.
As to the axle discs or washer like ends resembling somewhat in shape gas
ceiling plates or door handle plates the larger circumference of said dises might be
larger than the end openings of outward metallic or other case near which they
might be placed so close as only to permit free motion or action of combined inner
and outer cylinders or parts so as to prevent side slipping of axle, inner compressed
air envelope, or outer metallic or other case, and prevent the distending of sides of
inner air envelope. The inner face of these dises might be covered with indian-rubber
or other suitable substance such as leather or if left uncovered smeared with oil or
grease. In connexion with these axle dises I might use indian rubber, leather or other
suitable pluggings, as between the ends of the inner air envelope, or outer case and
face of axle disc, the axle discs might be made whole or in sections, and attached or
attachable, to axle or its enlargement, by a process of keying, sweating, screwing or
the like or by the belted collar plan as in Fig. 1. C. or might be connected with axle
or axle collar with screw and thread or other suitable arrangement, but preferably,
might be placed in its collar part against the axle collar, which placing or its
equivalent in connexion with the axle collar, would prevent side slipping of axle and
other parts, by the action of the two axle collars, acting against the collar or necks of
the two discs at either end or sides. These axle dises might be attached in sections
or otherwise, or as a whole to enlarged collar rings, secured firmly to axle at axle
collar, or to an enlargement of axle collar in its circumference, by a sweating
keying, screwing or other suitable means. Or the external part of collar or axle disc
might be rectangular, to fit into a recess made in axle collar and sections tightened.
by nuts & bolts when desirable. These axle discs should be attached to the axle on
which the air envelope works or rests and completely unattached to outer metallic or
other case or claw.
As to the means of attachment of the combined outer case and inner envelope to
the fore carriage wheel iron, pump handle, shaft, frame or equivalent parts of the
before mentioned machines, and axle, or vice versa, it would differ with the structure
of said machines. The outer case might be attached to the before mentioned parts
or carrying portion of the aforesaid machines, or vice versa, by suitable shackles as in
Figs. 8. 9. 14.
Attachment of carrying portion to outer case is preferable in the case of heavy
vehicles and the like, because then pressure is from a greater area of space, toward a
lesser area.
The guiding principle to regulate attachment of combined inner envelope and
outer case, as between the frame or carrying portion of the before mentioned
machines, and the axle or supporting portions of said machines, or vice versa, should
be a shackle, or apparatus, or number of same, which would leave the frame or
carrying portion of said machines, or object or substance to be carried, to rest
immediately or ultimately, directly or indirectly, so as to move freely upward or
downward, backward or forward with the movement of the inner air envelope or outer
case according to method of attachment. See Figs. 8. 9. 11 and 14. This is obtained
by metallic forging of shackles, ring like in shape, but made to suitably grip and hold
fast the outer metallic or other case or secondary axle or inner air envelope, either
by open or shut ring belts, with horizontal or other suitable arms, or by overlapping,
or dove-tailing joints, or the belted collar system of attachment.
Figs. 4. 8. 9. 10. 11. 14. The requisite bolts and nuts with or without sandwiching
to be included in said means or apparatus.
See
With regard to cycles and the like the before described means and apparatus
might be applied in connection with the saddle parts, seat pillar stem, or tube, as

page_text: being part of the carrying portion, or frame of the said machines. A saddle pillar
stem might be made with an attached or attachable forked apparatus, the arms of
which might be straight or slightly curved as in Fig. 5. M, if chain adjustment is
used to alter pitch of saddle the curved arm is preferable. In or between the forked
apparatus might be placed or suspended on an axle, a cylindrical compressed air
envelope or the like, preferably somewhat elliptical in shape, said axle and air
envelope to be held secure in said forked arms by nuts screwed on the ends of said
axle, which axle might be scored, fluted or stamped as desirable, but preferably fluted
quarterly or sexagonally to prevent rolling of air envelope on same. The outer
metallic or other case to enclose this compressed air envelope, might be similarly
treated internally, preferably corrugated, or lined as in the case of outer cover of
vehicles and the like, for a similar purpose. The outer case might be of the collar
flap or row-lock shape; or tubular with ends of tube preferably bent inwards, or
elliptical. See Fig. 2. attached to the saddle seat proper, would be the cap or com-
plement to complete the circular shape of the interior of the outer case. See Fig. 6.
The two parts might be fastened together by bolts and nuts with suitable sandwiching
of same if desirable, as before described.
To regulate pitch of saddle I might have forked arm part to swing or revolve in an
eye joint in saddle pillar stem or pillar tube. See Fig. 5. O. A secure fastening of
saime together to be effected with bolt and nut; or for the like purpose in either end
of the forked arms, I might have a chain adjustment apparatus as used at present in
cycles. Or if the outer metallic or other case was tubular, borings might be made in
same to receive from the interior round headed bolts, which might be secured to a
curved metallic or other backbone attached underneath to the saddle seat proper,
See Fig. 7. T. which might be kept secure by nuts. The borings in this saddle back-
bone should be practically identical in distance as the bolts are in the outer case or
cover, but the number of holes might not be.
As to air valves, what has been said as applied to air rings, for vehicles and the like,
is applicable in this case if valve is used, which is preferable, a boring for same would
preferably be made in underneath part of outer case. Partial axle discs might be
used if preferred to whole ones.
In addition I might have the axle of the front or steering wheel extended at both
ends, to receive as it were, perforated or other cylinders or the like, with or without
valves, on the lines of the air rings, similar treatment to be given axle and outer
case, as in that instance I preferably would use axle discs.
The outer metallic claw or case might be forged or attachable to ends of present
forks, to serve as entire, or half metallic case on the belted collar, or tubular plan if
belted collar halves, one forged or attachable to fork ends, then a corresponding half
might be joined by bolts and nuts, and if desirable, sandwiching to cause bolts and
nuts to work the more effectively. The entire arrangement of inner compressed air
envelope, outer metallic or other case, and axle discs to be suitably secured on axle
by nuts at end of same as at present. See Fig. 10.
The material of outer case, in the case of the saddle cylinder might be somewhat
of the same quality and gage as air pumps are made of at present; or if desirable
these means and apparatus might be applied to the handle or equivalent part of
cycles and the like. The neck stem might support an outer metallic case, tubular
or collar-flap in pattern, quality and gage of metal being somewhat like air pumps
as used for cycles at present. The outer case should enclose suitably a strong thick
inner compressed air envelope preferably with an air valve, with boring in outer case,
and similar treatment as before described. Through the centre of said air envelope
which might be made perforated in centre or could be tied or sealed, if not, the
handle bar would pass and receive support or be enclosed in compressed air, similar
axle discs, fluting, scoring stamping, plugging, lining and the like as before'
described, to be preferably applied or used.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-

page_text: tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
I claim is:
1. That the lateral placing of circular, spiral or other shaped compressed air
envelopes circularly placed, in character of structure as a whole, being cylindrical,-
or other pliable, yielding, elastic and analogous cylindrical figure or structure, as
hereinbefore described on a rigid unyielding back ground, such as an axle or cylinder,
and said compressed air envelope or other elastic air apparatus partially enveloped as
bereinbefore described in an outer unyielding case, absorbs upward and downward,
backward and forward jolting or vibration, and presents, a marked contradistinction
to the limited effect of an upright or longitudinal, elastic or air envelope or cylinder
which only absorbs upward or downward jolting or vibration; or where said upright
or longitudinal elastic or compressed air envelope is not enclosed in an outer metallic
or other case as hereinbefore described; the former effects result, or are produced
by my means and apparatus as herein before described.
2. That the united action and effect of axle discs as hereinbefore described, secured
directly or indirectly on or against the axle collar or shoulder, or largest circumferential
part of axle, whether ordinary or secondary, as hereinbefore described-the outward
metallic or other case itself, and the shekle attachment connecting frame, shaft or
equivalent part, or axle, with the outward metallic or other case hereinbefore described
(See Fig. 14 and 10) is to practically prevent the side movement or slipping of axle,
or frame, or outward metallic or other ense, and gives these parts a oneness or identity
of structure and motion, which result is produced by my means and apparatus.
3. That the inner compressed air envelope or cylinder gains strength and intensity
of resiliency in being made circular or ring like, or as nearly so as practicable, and that
the side pressure incidental to the absence of sides to the outer case as hereinbefore
described is practically counteracted by said air envelope or cylinder being made
circular or spiral and in sections, ns hereinbefore described, and that pluggings of
solid indian-rubber, or the like, T shaped in section, or otherwise, with an axle or the
like as central support, as between the ends of inner compressed air envelope or
analogous cylinder, and the axle dises, also help to effect the like object, which result
is obtained by my means and apparatus.
4. That the outer metallic or other case as hereinbefore described, whether plainly
tubular or somewhat elliptical, or of the open collar-flap pattern with cap to complete
inside circular character (See Figs. 1. 2. 5. 10) is an unyielding wall to circumscribe
compressed air envelope and so render it active as a powerful elastic and resilient
agency to absorb jolting and vibration, which result is obtained by my means and
apparatus as hereinbefore described.
5. That the axle discs hereinbefore described are independent of the motion of
onter base or inner air envelope being secured to an axle, and prevent the distending
of the sides of inner air envelope, helpet where desirable by pluggings of indian-
rubber leather or the like, and secure together, (with shackle apparatus hercinbefore
described), the stationary relative position of inner air envelope, outer case, frame
or the like, and axle, which result is effected by my means and apparatus as
hereinbefore described.
6. That a similar result is obtained by my means and apparatus as illustrated in
Figs. 5. 6. 7. 10. in connection with Bicycles and the like, as has been already
claimed in connection with vehicles and the like, in the foregoing claims.
7. That the application or adoption of fluting, scoring, stamping and the like as
hereinbefore described prevents rolling or slipping of internal air envelope or external
metallic case, specially by the internal flnting of outer case in Fig. 5 which might
also be effected by having it corrugated wholly or in part.
8. That the pitch of saddle seat in Bicycles and the like, can be regulated by one
or any of the following means or apparatus-first a revolving eye joint ns between
pillar stem or tube and forked arm apparatus hereinbefore described and illustrated
in Fig. 5. 0-secondly by the united nction of piercings in metallic or other curved
back bone in Fig. 7. T. and bolts in Fig. 5. P-thirdly by a chain adjustment-as

page_text: used in bicycles at present for that purpose-in one or both arms of the forked
apparatus, on which the axle supporting inner air envelope or cylinder is supported
in Fig. 5. N; also that a hard seat with an elastic spring is combined by the use of
Fig. 5. or the like, with Fig. 7. or same with outer case of Fig. 2. with saddle seat
of Fig. 6.
9. That linings or coverings of the outer case or inner air envelope, of indian
rubber, leather, canvas, webbing, felt or the like, with or without Asbestos preparation,
minimize the effects of friction.
10. That the enlargement or extension of axle by constructing thereon, or attaching
thereto, a cylindrical or circular, rigid, strong figure resembling somewhat a garden
roller facilitates the easy rolling or attachment of ring like air envelopes, or spiral, or
plain tubular compressed air envelopes in sections or as a whole, as hereinbefore
described.
1005