Improvements in and relating to Windows and their Frames.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd July, 1895
Complete Specification Left, 12th Dec., 1895-Accepted, 18th Jan., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Windows and their Frames.
I, WILLIAM FERGUSON M'INTOSH, of Daisy Bank, Maryfield, Dundee, in the
County of Forfar, Scotland, Ship Rigger, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in and relating to windows and their
frames, the object being to enable both sides of the window panes to be cleaned
from within.
In carrying out my invention, I provide on the one side of the window frame a
pulley style or frame of metal, in which are guides for sliding hinges, two or more
of such hinges being in the groove for the upper sash and a similar set in the
groove for the lower sash. These sashes are fixed to their respective hinges in
such a manner that they may freely slide up and down like ordinary sashes and
also that they may open inwards. The sashes are counterbalanced, preferably by
a single weight so designed that either or both may be moved up or down as
desired. The opposite style is provided with one parting bead and one external
bead, the external bead keeping the upper sash from opening outwards, the
parting head acting in a similar manner for the lower sash and at the same time as
a guide for the upper sash, but only when it is lowered from its normal position.
The lower sash is kept in position by a spring lock which has to be opened by a
key when it is required to be opened for cleaning purposes. Such lower sash is
also attached to the upper sash when the window is shut by a thumb screw or
other suitable device. In order to permit of the upper sash being opened there is
provided a drop pit into which the lower sash may be made to sink sufficiently to
enable the meeting rails of the sashes to clear each other. In some cases the
upper sash before being opened, has to be lowered to clear the upper cross internal
bead, should such be used.
Dated this 2nd day of Jul. 1905
GEO. C. DOUGLAS & Co.,
41 Reform Street, Dundee, Agents for Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Windows and their Frames.
1, WILLIAM FERGUSON M'INTOSI, of Daisy Bank, Maryfield, Dundee, in the
County of Forfar, Scotland, Ship Rigger, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in and relating to windows and their
frames, the object being to enable both sides of the window panes to be cleaned
from within.
And in order that my said invention and the manner of performing or carrying
the same into effect or practice may be properly understood, I have hereunto
appended an explanatory sheet of drawings in which the same reference numerals
are used to indicate corresponding parts in all the figures where shown.

page_text: Figure 1. is an inside elevation of a window showing it fully closed and fitted
with my improvements.
Figure 2. shows a corresponding vertical section of same.
Figure 3. shows another vertical section of same with the sashes depressed for
ventilation and the inside hinged head opened.
Figure 3 shows the pulley style so modified as to allow of the upper sash being
opened when lowered opposite the lower one.
Figures 4. 5. and 6. respectively show cross-sections through the upper sash, the
lower sash and a section showing both windows opened for the purpose of being
cleaned.
Figure 7. is an isometrical view of the sash hinge.
Figure 8. is a similar view showing the general arrangement of the hinge in
place with detail of window framing, the portion of window attached to linge
being fully open.
Figure 9. shows the mode of counterbalancing the two sashes with one weight.
Figure 10. illustrates a detachable device for coupling the ordinary sash counter-
weight to the sash.
Figures 11. and 12. illustrate the method of fastening the sashes together.
In carrying out my invention, I provide on the one side of the window frame a
pulley style or frame of metal or wood, in which are guides 20. for sliding hinges 21,
two or more of such hinges being in the groove for the upper sash 22. and a similar
set in the groove for the lower sash 23. These sashes are fixed to their respective
hinges in such a manner that they may freely slide up and down like ordinary
sashes and also that they may open inwards. In Figure 7. such hinge
shown as
it would appear with the window shut, Figure 8. showing it with the window open
and at right angles to its normal position. The sashes are counterbalanced,
preferably by a single weight 24. so designed that either or both may be moved
up or down as desired. The opposite style is provided with one parting bead 25.
or such part thereof as is sufficient to form an abutment for the lowest sash only,
and one external bead 26, the external bead keeping the upper sash from opening
outwards, the parting bead acting in a similar manner for the lower sash 23. and
at the same time as a guide for the upper sash, but only when it is lowered from
its normal position. The lower sash is kept in position by a spring lock which has
to be opened by a key when it is required to be opened for cleaning purposes, that
is to say the hinged inside bead 27, when locked and in the position shown in
Figures 1. 2. 4. and 5. keeps the upper and lower sashes shut, and when unlocked
and opened, as shown in Figures 3. and 6. permits of such sashes being opened as
shown in Figure 6. Such lower sash is also attached to the upper sash when the
window is shut by a thumb screw or other suitable device 28. such as is shown in
Figures 1. 4. 6. 11. and 12. of the drawings, such device consisting of a screwed
bolt which engages with both sashes when screwed up but is carried wholly by the
lower sash when unserewed. I may also use a similar bolt in preference to the
spring lock before referred to. In order to permit of the upper sash being opened
there is provided a drop pit 29. into which the lower sash may be made to sink
sufficiently to cuable the meeting rails of the sashes to clear each other. In some
cases the upper sash before being opened has to be lowered to clear the upper
transverse parting bead, should such be used. 30. is a moulding provided for the
purpose of leading off the water which may gather on the window, while 36. are
drain holes for the purpose of permitting any water which might gather in the pit
It is obvious that the two sashes may be lowered, as shown in
Figure 3, without unscrewing the bolt 28. or opening the hinged inside beads 27.
that is to say the window may be opened sufficiently for the purpose of ventilation
without danger of any unauthorized person getting into the house. Should it be
thought advisable to hang the sashes in the ordinary way from both sides, I may
employ the detachable device illustrated by Figure 10. for the cord which is on
the same side as the hinged inside head 27. 31. is a slide which can freely move
up and down the pulley style, except when in such a position as that shown in the
to run away.

page_text: drawing, it being then fixed by the pin 32. passing through the slide and holes
made at suitable intervals on the bead. Its sash style 33. is provided with a
recess 34. corresponding to the tapered projection 35. the combination so acting
that when the sash is shut and the pin 32. withdrawn such sash is counterbalanced
in the usual way.
In some cases the parting bead may be so disposed as to permit of the upper
sash being opened when lowered and opposite the unobstructed portion of the
pulley style, as shown in Figure 3ª.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
(1.) In combined sliding aud hinged sash windows, the construction of a drop
pit in the window frame into which the lower sash can be pushed so as to allow the
upper sash to open clear of the lower sash and at the same time to clear the upper
transverse parting bead, substantially as described and shown.
(2.) In combined sliding and hinged sash windows, the use of the drop pit for
the purpose of allowing the two sashes when fixed together to be lowered for the
purpose of ventilation, substantially as described and shown.
(3.) In combination with sliding and hinged sash windows, the hinged inside
bead constructed and operating substantially as described and shown.
(4.) In combination with sliding and hinged sash windows, the sliding hinge 21.
constructed and operating substantially as described and shown.
(5.) In combination with sliding and hinged sash windows, the locking device 28,
as described.
(6.) In combination with sliding and hinged sash windows, the counterbalancing
device, constructed and operating substantially as described and illustrated by
Figure 9.
(7.) In combination with sliding and hinged sash windows, the detachable device,
constructed and operating substantially as described and illustrated by Figure 10.
(8.) In combination with sliding and hinged sash windows, the parting bead
constructed and operating substantially as described and illustrated by Figure 3ª.
(9.) The improvements in windows, with combined sliding and hinged sashes
consisting of the various parts hereinbefore set forth, constructed and operating in
combination as described and shown.
Dated this 11th day of December 1895.
GEO. C. DOUGLAS & Co.,
41 Reform Street, Dundee, Agents for Applicant.