IMPROVEMENTS IN CRANES, WINCHES AND OTHER HOISTING APPARATUS, PARTLY APPLICABLE IN GENERAL TO MECHANISM FOR TRANSMITTING ROTARY MOTION WITH VARIABLE SPEED
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert John Haddan, of Kensington, Middlesex for
an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN CRANES, WINCHES AND OTHER HOISTING
APPARATUS, PARTLY APPLICABLE IN GENERAL TO MECHANISM FOR TRANSMITTING
ROTARY MOTION WITH VARIABLE SPEED A communication to him from abroad
by Dujour et Bianchi, of Paris, France
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Herbert John Haddan
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th January 1883.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex, "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CRANES, WINCHES AND OTHER HOISTING APPARATUS, PARTLY APPLICABLE IN
GENERAL TO MECHANISM FOR TRANSMITTING ROTARY MOTION WITH VARIABLE
SPEED," a communication to me from abroad by Dujour et Bianchi, of Paris,
France,
This invention has for its object to operate craues, winches, capstans and similar
apparatus with variable speed and with safety without requiring complicated
mechanism.
For this purpose I mount on the main shaft, which carries the cranks and the
chain pulley, tooth wheel or analogous appliance three parallel discs or carriers, &
spur-wheel and a friction brake, the three carriers being loose, while the spur-wheel
is fast and gears into a second spur-wheel keyed on a shaft fixed in the second
carrier (the middle one) and carrying at the other end a third spur-wheel which
gears into the internally toothed flange of the third carrier while the internally
toothed flange of the first carrier gears into the second spur-wheel.
The first and the second carriers are provided with friction bands, so that either
the one or the other may be kept stationary. The third carrier is coupled to the
chain-pulley or analogous gear serving to drive a chain or analogous mechanism.
The friction-brake mounted on the driving shaft is preferably a conical sleeve
fitting into a conical socket of a fixed bracket and forming at the other end a
toothed coupling with helical contact surfaces, so that the two parts of the coupling
are separated, when the shaft runs in a certain direction, but remain in contact,
when the shaft runs in the opposite direction.

page_text: Instead of bearing only one axle with a tooth-wheel on each side, the central
carrior may bear two or more axles with tooth wheels gearing simultaneously into
the tooth wheel on the main-axle.
In order to provide against the attachment of loads superior to that for which
the crane is constructed I connect with a rope or other tractive appliance of the
apparatus a safety-apparatus consisting chiefly of a cylinder and a perforated
piston the piston-rod of which is connected with the rope or chain carrying the
load. Each end of the cylinder communicates with a valve-chamber, the valve of
which is pressed on its sent by an adjustable spring.
The cylinder being filled with liquid, the piston descends, if the load attached
to it produces a sufficient pressure to overcome the spring which closes the valve,
but if the load remains within the required limit, the piston remains stationary.
The movement of the piston rod may be utilized for applying a brake, or other
suitable mechanism.
As a simplification the third carrier and the third tooth wheel may be omitted
and the chain-pulley (or tooth wheel) coupled to the second carrier, in which case
only one brake will be required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Herbert John Haddan in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
14th July 1883.
"
IMPROVEMENTS -IN
APPLICABLE IN
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex
CRANES, WINCHES AND OTHER HOISTING APPARATUS, PARTLY
GENERAL TO MECHANISM FOR TRANSMITTING ROTARY MOTION WITH VARIABLE
SPEED," a communication to me from abroad by Dujour and Bianchi, of Paris
France.
This winch has only one shaft and takes little room. It carries an automatic
engaging and disengaging gear which during the down motion prevents the
handles to turn in a direction opposite to that taken during the ascent of the load.
A brake continually actuated by a weight serves to automatically stop the load
if during the ascent the handles are set free, or if during the descent the brake
Jever is left to itself.
The winch is adapted to produce two ratios of speed between the cranks and
the chains without necessitating to stop the action of the winch while changing
speed.
It has an apparatus which automatically acts on the crank-shaft, if one attempts
to lift a load superior to the strength of the crane.
In the accompanying drawing Figs. 1 and 2 represent a winch adapted to a
10 ton crane, provided with a pitch-chain. The upper half of Fig 1 is an axial

page_text: section, and the lower half an elevation, while the upper half of Fig 2 shows the
disc or carrier D from the right side, and the lower half the same from the left.
The main shaft O carries:
1) The two cranks keyed on at 180° to each other.
2) A pinion A equally keyed on.
3) Three pulleys CDF and a chain-wheel G mounted loose on the shaft O.
Keyed on the shaft O is a muff capable of shifting longitudinally a cone N.
which enters a hollow cone in one of the shaft bearings. If the rotation of the
shaft is in the direction indicated by the arrow, that is, if a weight is hoisted, the
tooth m, cut obliquely, draws the cone N to the right, maintaining it at a distance
from the bearing of the shaft, while if the rotation of the shaft is in the opposite
direction the helical surface m¹ pushes the cone N to the left so as to put it in
contact with the hollow cone.
The friction of the cones is then more than sufficient to stop the motion of the
Shaft.
The cones may be replaced by plane or curved surfaces or a ratchet wheel
stopped by a click when the crank rotates the wrong way. The pulley. D carries
one or more axles O preferably three, on each of which two wheels E and B are
keyed on. The wheel B gears into the pinion A and tho wheel C, while the
wheel E gears only into the annular wheel E which is coupled to the chain wheel G
by means of rectangular teeth and notches.
The apparatus is provided with two straps actuated alternately by a weight for
each or for the two straps, which can prevent either the pulley C or the pulley D
from revolving if a load has to be hoisted The two pulleys C and D ought not to'.
be made immovable at the same time if the crank is worked.
It is sufficient to vary the difference between the diameters of the wheels B and E
in order to vary the ratio of speed between the pinion A and the Chain wheel G.
If E is made equal to B, neither the wheel F nor the wheel G will turn, and if E is
made smaller than B, the wheels F and G turn in the same direction as the
shaft O.
This apparatus may therefore be adapted for producing two different speeds and
alternating motions which are required for planing machines and other machine
tools.
For obtaining a quick motion in one direction the pulley D, would have to be
acted upon, while for a slow motion in the opposite direction the pulley C would
have to be stopped.
The apparatus for automatically limiting the load hoiste by the winch is shewn
by Figs. 3 and 4. It consists of a cylinder containing a piston P secured to a
rol o, o the end of which carries the pitch chain. The cylinder is filled with a
liquid little alterable by variations of temperature (alcholic water or glycerine).
When the piston moves upward the liquid above the piston flows down through
the holes t, but if the piston be pushed down, the liquid can only pass above it by
running through the channels C, and C. For this purpose the liquid must first lift
the valve V. pressed on its seat by a spring r. If this pressure is well regulated
the piston P can only go down by suspending to the rod o, a weight above the
strength for which the spring r has been adjusted.
By attaching to the piston rod a weight heavier than foreseen the piston goes
down. By means of the sleeve M, its studs or pivots and two bell crank levers
(Fig 7) the motion of the piston may be employed to lower one of the two brake
lovers acting on the pulleys of the winch
The above described apparatus allows one to stop the motion of the winch by
raising two levers and prevents the load from falling if suddenly stopped in its
ascent.
It allows of the regulation of the maximum load.
If the main spring breaks or if the liquid passes through the packing of the
piston, the winch is automatically immobilised.
By simultaneously falling, the two levers indicate that the winch is immobilised
5

page_text: as one of the levers is always turned up for the working of the Apparatus. If the
piston P has been lowered by a heavier load than, that for which the apparatus has
been adjusted, it is replaced in its normal position by lifting the lever of the brake
with which the piston rod is connected thereby allowing the Winch again to act.
The piston rod must be connected with the brake lever of the pulley D, that is
to say, that pulley the rotation of which corresponds with the greater power of
the crane as only in this caso a heavier load than the normal one may be tried to
be hoisted.
D' is the brake of the Pulley D
C¹ is the brake of the Pulley C.
The apparatus for limiting the load is applicable to ordinary winches by
utilizing the motion of the piston for locking the shaft, if a too heavy a load is
put on.
This Winch is also applicable to cranes of little power but to avoid complicated
construction the double speed arrangements are to be omitted.
The wheel G may be made to gear directly into the Pulley D, by omitting the
tooth wheels E and F.-In this case one brake is sufficient to stop the Pulley C.
In the arrangement represented by Figs. 5 and 6 the pulley D is made immovable
by causing the wheel G to gear with the wheel C.
The arrangement of gears and pulleys as described is applicable to various ?
hoisting or traction apparatus, such as cranes crabs or capstans and to Machines
tools, such as lathes and planing machines. The apparatus for limiting the load
may also be adapted to various machines where it is desired to prevent an excessive
strain.
CLAIMS.
1. The combination and arrangement of toothgears and brakes, substantially as
described and illustrated and for the purpose set forth.
2. The apparatus for limiting the load on cranes and other machines, substantially
as described and illustrated.
In Witness whereof I the said Herbert John Haddan have hereunto set my
hand and seal this 14th day of July A.D. 1883.
TE T