matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO WINDING MACHINERY (USED IN COAL AND OTHER MINES) FOR THE PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS FROM OVER WINDING, WHICH APPARATUS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO HOISTS AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Ormerod, of Atherton, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
TO BE APPLIED TO WINDING MACHINERY (USED IN COAL AND OTHER MINES) FOR
THE PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS FROM OVER WINDING, WHICH APPARATUS IS
ALSO APPLICABLE TO HOISTS AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES."
Sealed the 7th May 1875, and dated the 4th March 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Ormerod at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 4th March 1875.
I, EDWARD ORMEROD, of Atherton, in the County of Lancaster,
5 Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO WINDING MACHINERY (USED IN COAL
AND OTHER MINES) FOR THE PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS PROM OVER WINDING, WHICH

page_text: APPARATUS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO HOISTS AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES,"
to be as follows:—
This Invention relates to improvements upon the subject matter of
former Letters Patent granted to me bearing date the 15th day of
August, A.D. 1867, No. 2350, and consists of certain alterations in the
form of the central or intermediate plate or link of the shackle, whereby
the engineer or other person can (after an over winding has taken place)
readjust the link or shackle without difficulty or danger to himself.
Instead of making the central hole (through which the central pin or
fulcrum of the plates or links passes) circular, I make it in the form of a 1
perpendicular slot, and above the soft metal pin I have a curved
horizontal slot through which passes a steady pin or bolt passing also
through holes in the outer plate, and at the upper end of the central
plate I form a leg or projection having a hole therein.
When an over winding has taken place and the catches are thrown 1
out, all that the engineer has to do is to withdraw the steady pin or bolt,
and then to catch hold of the leg or projection by means of a hook or
otherwise, and draw up the central or intermediate plate, which will lift
the pin or bolt to which the cage is attached to the top of the vertical
part of the slots near the bottom of the outer plates and opposite to the a
horizontal or curved portion of the said slots, and he can then move the
plates or links into their normal position and adjust them for work as
before without difficulty.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WARMING AND VENTILATING
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William James Spurrier at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th April 1875.
I, WILLIAM JAMES SPURRIER, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WARMING AND VENTILATING,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the arrangements or combinations of parts
of apparatus herein-after described for warming and ventilating, my said
Invention being applicable to the warming and ventilating of domestic
and other buildings, carriages, and ships.
In order to heat the air which by its introduction into a room or other
place is to effect the warming of the same I employ a chamber of cast
iron or other strong material. This chamber may vary in form and size
to suit the locality in which it is to be used.
When convenient I prefer to make the said chamber in the form of a
flat vessel fitting on the bottom of a kitchen or other fire-grate, the said
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert William Rhames at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd May 1875.
I, ROBERT WILLIAM RHAMES, of Tinahely, in the County of Wicklow,
Ireland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in gas burners consists, first, in the
employment in the burner of a gauge or device, by which the amount
of gas allowed to flow through the burner can be regulated as desired,
and so that the flow and comsumption of the gas shall be uniform
until the said gauge is altered. This gauge is a hollow cylinder the
upper end of which is closed, while from the lower end one or more (by
preference two) longitudinal slits are cut. This cylinder is screw-
threaded on the outside to screw into a socket, which is itself screwed or
attached to the gas fixture. The gas entering the socket flows through
the slits of the gauge and by screwing the gauge more or less into the
socket so as to cover or uncover more or less of the slits; the flow of the
cas is regulated.

page_text: The Invention consists, secondly, in screwing over the gauge a
chamber by preference in the form of a hollow sphere, in which the gas
is received as it flows through the slits of the gauge. The upper part of
this chamber or sphere has a socket in which a lava tip or other suitable
burner is fixed.
By means of my Invention a uniform consumption of gas (as herein-
before mentioned) is insured, which object has hitherto been effected in
a rude way by means of a stop-cock, and this has lead to a great deal of
waste. Another advantage is that the slits discharge the gas in a thiņ
body and produce a thin clear flame giving a much better light than
ordinary gas burners, the flame of which is dark in the centre.
A further advantage is that the burner can be easily taken to pieces,
cleaned, and replaced without the aid of a gasfitter. And in summer
or when any burners are not required the gauge can be screwed down so
that the slits are entirely covered, and any possibility of escape be thus
prevented.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN BUSTLES OR DRESS IMPROVERS FOR LADIES' WEAR
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Badcock at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
December 1875.
I, JAMES BADCOCK, of the Firm James Badcock and Son, of
Westmoreland Buildings, Aldersgate Street, in the City of London,
Skirt and Ladies' Underclothing Manufacturers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN BUSTLES OR DRESS
IMPROVERS FOR LADIES' WEAR," to be as follows:—
This Invention relates to an improvement in bustles or dress improvers
for ladies' wear, and consists mainly in the employment of strip cane
preferably dyed to a colour corresponding to or in harmony with the
colour of the fabric of which the framework or body has to be covered.
The strips of cane are woven, laced, or otherwise crossed to form
meshes of any given width, the contour being determined by the edge
folds or lashings on to a separate cane as an edging.
The cane body of my bustle or dress improver may have an inner
lining or partition also of cane to limit the flexibility of the article when
in wear, but without doing so to an extent as to cause inconvenience

page_text: while the wearer is sitting. I cover my bustle body with a fabric in flutes
or corrugations to obtain the requisite "set," or I sew plain or lacing
flaps on the back to suit the width of the wearer, the lacings also
regulate the distance the article shall stand out from the body of the
wearer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN METHODS OF AND APPARATUS FOR WASHING CLOTHES, LINEN, OR OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Autier at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
August 1875.-A communication from Edmond Dubuc and Victor
Mutel, both of Paris, in the Republic of France.
I, CHARLES AUTIER, of Paris, in the Republic of France, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN METHODS
OF AND APPARATUS FOR WASHING CLOTHES, LINEN, OR OTHER FABRICS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has reference to a novel arrangement of apparatus for
the purpose of washing clothes, linen, or other articles, so as to imitate
the movement of the hands where manual labour is employed for the
purpose of washing such articles in the ordinary way.
I take a vessel of suitable size and shape, preferably circular in plan,
into which the washing materials are placed with the articles to be
washed. This vessel is closed above partially or entirely by a moveable
cover or crow bar, having a vertical bearing at its centre in which works
a corresponding spindle. At the bottom of this spindle one or more

page_text: horizontal cross bars or a circular disc is fixed, to which are attached by
their upper ends two or more vertical fingers or bars, circular, oval,
square, or of other suitable section, and reaching nearly to the bottom
of the vessel. These vertical fingers are made to make partial
revolutions backward and forward by means of a cross bar or handle
fixed to the upper end of the spindle which may be driven by hand or
other convenient power, or they may be made to make complete
revolutions if desired
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR INSTRUMENTS FOR TEACHING AND DEMONSTRATING METRICAL SYSTEM
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacques Level at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th May
1875.
I, JACQUES LEVEL, of Paris, Boulevard de Strasbourg, No. 23, Ex-
Institutor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR INSTRUMENTS FOR TEACHING AND DEMONSTRATING
METRICAL SYSTEM," to be as follows:-
-
The object of my Invention is to facilitate the comprehension of the
metrical system to demonstrate the relations existing between weights
and measures, and thus to advance the developement of commercial and
international relations; and it consists in the application to this purpose
of apparatus composed of graduated cubic vases or receivers, and of solid
cubes.

page_text: By means of a point or needle the operator plunges these solid bodies
successively into the liquid in the vases, and the quantity of the latter
displaced by the immersion will measure exactly the volume of the solid
indicated by the divisions upon the vase No. 4.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN STOVES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Johann Carl Adolph Rohde
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 24th September 1875.
I, JOHANN CARL ADOLPH ROHDE, Engineer, in the City of Hamburg,
Germany, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN STOVES," to be as follows:
-
This Invention relates to improvements in stoves, in which by a
peculiar arrangement atmospheric air is conducted into the flame of a
petroleum burner in such a way as to procure complete combustion of
the liquid and all vapours.
Above the flame of a circular burner a chimney is suspended, whose
dimensions are enlarged at the lower end. In the inner part of this
chimney, above the wick, are attached two metal circular plates about
½ in. apart, and of smaller diameter than the chimney. The lower
plate has a boring in its centre, the upper plate being spherically curved.
A circular screen attached to the lower end of the chimney causes a
sufficient quantity of fresh air to be drawn into the same. This air
rushes against the lower plate, and in partly passing through the boring

page_text: meets the upper plate, and is forced out sideways, where it strikes the
periphery of the flame and causes a total combustion of all gaseous
vapours.
The heated air ascends the chimney, enters an iron mantle or hood,
and this whole arrangement serves as a stove for warming rooms and
other places.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pascal Lombardon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
April 1875.
I, PASCAL LOMBARDON, of Sydenham Park, in the County of Kent,
Soap Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES," to be as follows :-
The object of my Invention is to manufacture hard candles in a more
economical way than heretofore To this end I take tallow soap (by
preference the soap made according to an improved process for which I
have obtained Letters Patent, dated October 27th, 1874), and I cut this
soap up into shavings by means of a plane or other suitable instrument.
The soap thus reduced to a divided state is thrown into a boiler with
from 4 to 5 times its weight of water, and is made to boil until the soap
is reduced to a creamy condition; common salt is then thrown into the
boiling mass until the soap or grease separates from the water and
comes to the surface. By this means the alkalies which the soap con-
tained will be absorbed or dissolved in the water; the contents of the
boiler may then be drawn off and allowed to cool, after which the soap

page_text: or grease must be removed and boiled a second time in a fresh quantity
of soft water free from earthy impurities in order to remove from the
grease any alkali that may remain therein. The fatty matters may be
again boiled but in distilled water and then be allowed to cool, after
which it is to be again cut up into shavings by means of a plane or other
suitable instrument, and then dried in the open air or in a drying stove
or hot room in order to drive off any moisture or water that may be
mixed therewith. The tallow or fatty matter is then melted in a
water bath with the addition of one-third of its weight of spirits of
wine at 36°. This latter operation is carried on in an apparatus
suitably constructed and arranged to collect the alcoholic vapours which
are given off from the fatty matters. These vapours are condensed in a
suitable condenser or refrigerator in the ordinary way and the spirit thus
obtained may be used over and over again.
When the treatment of the fatty matters or tallow has been completed
the tallow or resulting product in a melted state may be run into the
candle moulds and converted into candles in the ordinary manner.
AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL LACE
Year: 1875

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PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th March 1875.-A communication from abroad by Etienne
Fournier and Emmanuel Meyer, both of Paris, France.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL LACE,"
to be as follows :—
This Invention relates to the manufacture of a novel product termed
artificial lace, and intended to imitate blond, Chantilly, Malines, Guipure,
and other laces generally, whether hand or machine made. For this
purpose a foundation of tulle or net is used, on which fabric the outlines
and veining or main features of the floral or other design are first
produced by printing thereon by the aid of blocks engraved in relief and
a suitable adhesive matter, in wool or cotton flock, of any desired color
which becomes fixed only on those parts of the fabric which are
impregnated with the adhesive matter. To fill in the pattern the tullo
or net is then printed on either side a second time (and in this part of

page_text: the operation consists more particularly the novelty of the Invention),
by means of blocks which imbue the fabric comprised within the outlines
of the design with mordant or adhesive matter upon which wool or
cotton flock is then sprinkled, whereby the threads of the tulle or net
become thickened, without however filling up the meshes, and a shadow
or relief effect is produced similar to that presented by ordinary figured
lace.
The methods of printing need no special description, and I would here
önly remark that I may employ any suitable adhesive matter or mordant,
such as that composed of gelatine, gum, dextrine, flour, starch, or
honey.
b
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FLOWERS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Olark at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 24th June 1875.-A communication from abroad by Théodore
Person, of Paris, France.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL
FLOWERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the novel application of indin-rubber or
compounds of the same and gutta percha for the manufacture of rose
buds, and the bulbous extremity of the flower, stalk, or "receptacle,"
of flowers generally.
For example I may make rose buds entirely of india-rubber or gutta
percha, or I may make the receptacle and calyx only of this material,
the bud being completed as in ordinary. For this purpose the india-
rubber or gutta percha is moulded while in a plastic state of the form
desired, after which it is vulcanized and colored or varnished to give it
the appearance of the natural flower.

page_text: I may also make flower buds from thin sheets of india-rubber, from
which blanks of the exact configuration of the calyx are stamped out or
otherwise produced. The flat blank thus obtained is then curled or
shaped to the form of the bud, and the edges cemented together, after
which a stalk of the same material is cemented thereto. In order to give i
it permanently the form of a bud it is placed on a core or mandril of
suitable form, and introduced into a chamber filled with steam, where it
is caused to assume the form of the mandril.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SINGLE AND COMPOUND ROTARY STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Layng M'Kim at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th Septemper 1875.
I, JOHN LAYNG M°KIM, of the Town and County of the Town of
Nottingham, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SINGLE AND COMPOUND ROTARY STEAM ENGINES," to be
as follows:-
A single rotary engine I construct as follows:-I bolt two semicircular
vessels together to form an annular vessel of a circular shape in section.
In the circular part a piston revolves, carried by a lever passing through
one or more rings, which also revolve in a seat or seats round the whole
of the inner circumference of the annular vessel. Such ring or rings
are kept steam-tight in the seating by a combination of springs, the
centrifugal force also tending to keep the joint tight. The lever carrying
the piston is keyed fast on a shaft carried by bearing brackets bolted to
a bed plate supporting the circular steam chamber. The shaft also
carries one or more levers, which operate inlet and outlet ports. There
are also reciprocating slides moved to and from the piston shaft by an
additional steam valve on the outside of the annular vessel; this slide is

page_text: moved outwards to allow the revolving piston to pass, and inwards to
form a fulcrum for the steam.
'I sometimes employ the levers on the piston shaft to operate the
slide instead of employing an additional steam valve for that purpose.
A compound engine I construct similar to the above described,
employing the exhaust steam from the first steam chamber to drive the
piston in the second one.
In either the single or compound engine I sometimes employ two or
more pistons and two or more inlet and outlet ports and slides in the
same annular vessel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH TOP LEVERS' FOR BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Jeffries at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
December 1875.
I, GEORGE JEFFRIES, of the City and County of Norwich, Gun-
5 maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH TOP LEVERS' FOR BREECH-LOADING
FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to simplify the means heretofore
provided for locking and unlocking horizontal bolts in breech-loading
fire-arms by means of the top lever, all as hereafter described.
Somewhat to the side of the centre line of the action I cut an
aperture and slot in the strap at or near the back side or end of the
action, which back side or end is provided with a groove extending
downwards, having at bottom a stud with aperture therein. Through the
aperture in strap I place a spindle or stud, which is preferably made in a
piece with the top lever. At the bottom or under side of the spindle
aforesaid there is a small stud placed eccentrically thereon, which takes
into the aperture in stud at bottom of groove in the back side of action

page_text: and it is upon this small stud that the spindle in connection with the top
lever revolves. On the side of spindle opposite or contrary to the small
stud aforesaid there is a fork which takes into a slot in horizontal bolt
in such manner that by turning the top lever (say to the right) the bolt
is withdrawn. There is a slot in the spindle into which a spring takes
extending to the rear of the strap for forcing home the lever and bolt.
By constructing top lever actions in the manner aforesaid, I am able
to make if necessary the whole of the top lever action in one piece of
metal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FLUTED ROLLERS USED IN PREPARING, GILLING, AND DRAWING BOXES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Emmanuel Thackray at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd December 1875.
I, EMMANUEL THACKRAY, of Bradford, in the County of York,
Foreman Comber, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FLUTED ROLLERS USED IN PREPARING, GILLING, AND DRAWING
BOXES," to be as follows:-
-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in fluted rollers used
in preparing, gilling, and drawing boxes, in the preparation of wool,
silk, or other materials, used in the manufacture of textile fabrics.
Hitherto the flutes of the rollers used in the aforesaid machines have
been formed all in the same line or in a diagonal direction, which have
been found in practice to revolve very unsteadily, causing the machines
to vibrate and a great wear and tear of the leathers in consequence of
the amount of pressure required on the rollers.
The objects of my Invention are to arrange the rollers in such a
manner as to cause less vibration of the machine and a saving of the
roller leathers, and to require less power for driving the machine.
.

page_text: These objects I accomplish in the following manner:-I cause the
flutes of the rollers to be cut so that the top of the flute in one roller is
directly in line with the bottom of the flute in the other roller or rollers
on the same axis, by which means less pressure is required to be put on
the rollers in order to draw the wool, silk, or other material through
the gills of the machine, consequently less power is required to drive
the machines, and the roller leathers do not undergo the same hardship
as at present, therefore will last longer time.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF RECORDING THE NUMBER AND FARES OF PASSENGERS USING VEHICLES AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Michael Hugh Flynn
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 27th November 1875.
I, THOMAS MICHAEL HUGH FLYNN, of Bessbrook, in the County of
Armagh, Ireland, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF RECORDING THE NUMBER AND
FARES OF PASSENGERS USING VEHICLES AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR," to be as
follows:-
The improvements consist in the use of an improved portable tell-tale
to be carried by the conductor, and actuated by the passenger on paying
his fare, a separate tell-tale being used for each fare. Also in the use
and application of a tell-tale at or near the threshold or entrance of each
door, stair, or ladder of trams and busses, to be actuated by the
passenger's weight coming on to a moveable step or piece fixed in
connection with an improved tell-tale.
The improved tell-tales or recorders may be of any ordinary description
of mechanism made to register, as desired, the one carried by the
conductor being furnished with a projecting spring, lever, or plunger,

page_text: having inscribed on it the amount of the fare, destination, and so forth;
the spring lever is connected with the tell-tale gear, so that each
pressure on said lever will cause the said gear to work and note on the
index of the tell-tale.
The improved tell-tale fixed at or near the entrances and exits may
be similar to the above, excepting that the lever or plunger will be
actuated by the weight of the passenger pressing on the moveable step
or piece which is made to impinge on said lever, but as this latter tell-
tale will register every person leaving as well as entering the indicated
result must be halved. It is intended to use the systems above
described in combination, the latter as a check on the former, but each
may be used separately if desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR VALVE SUITABLE FOR CLEANING OR FILLING BOTTLES AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Alfred Warrington and
Charles Harwood at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 21st December 1875.
We, THOMAS ALFRED WARRINGTON and CHARLES HARWOOD, both of
the City of London, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR VALVE
SUITABLE FOR CLEANING OR FILLING BOTTLES AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
In the following description of our Invention, reference should be
made to the accompanying Drawings whereon the same letters in the
different Figures represent the same parts.
Fig. 1 is a central longitudinal vertical section of the apparatus
according to our Invention for cleaning bottles or other vessels; Fig. 2
is a side elevation; Fig. 3 is a plan; Fig. 4 is a side elevation of the
apparatus when used as a tap for filling bottles and other vessels.
Our improved apparatus is constructed with an ordinary shaped
valve a which is held against the valve seat by the aid of a spiral
spring b.

page_text: The improvements consist in the valve spindle c being constructed
with a channel d so that the water or other fluid admitted through the
opening e into the chamber f is free to escape through the channel d
when pressure is put upon the head g on the top of the spindle c, and
that the before-mentioned channel is closed, and the water or other fluid
cut off when the pressure is removed from the head, as shown in Fig. 1,
and of the head g on the top of the valve spindle being of such shape
that the orifice of the neck of a bottle may encircle and be pressed
against it without obstructing the free escape of the fluid and air.
It will be evident that the head g may be constructed with one or
any number of channels & through which the water or fluid may pass,
and also with one or any number of wings h (although we use. three or
four by preference), and that the form of the head 9 may be varied to
suit special cases.
AN IMPROVED COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION FOR PRE- VENTING THE FOULING OF IRON SHIPS' BOTTOMS AND OTHER MARINE IRON AND WOODWORK GENERALLY
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Martin, of the P. & O. Steam Navigation
Comp., and 10, Finsbury Park Road, Finsbury Park, London, N.,
for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION FOR PRE-
VENTING THE FOULING OF IRON SHIPS' BOTTOMS AND OTHER MARINE IRON AND
WOODWORK GENERALLY."
Sealed the 17th March 1876, and dated the 23rd November 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Martin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patcuts, with his Petition, on the
23rd November 1875.
I, JOHN MARTIN, of the P. & O. Steam Navigation Comp'., and
of 10, Finsbury Park Road, Finsbury Park, London, N., do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED COMPOUND OR
COMPOSITION FOR PREVENTING THE FOULING OF IRON SHIPS' BOTTOMS AND OTHER
MARINE IRON AND WOODWORK GENERALLY. " to be as follows:-

page_text: iron ships' bottoms and marine iron and woodwork generally, consisting
of about,-
11
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Martin in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 23rd May 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
MARTIN, of the P. & O. Steam Navigation Comp., and 10, Finsbury
Park Road, Finsbury Park, London, N., send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said John Martin, Her
special licence that I, the said John Martin, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Martin,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"AN IMPROVED COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION FOR PREVENTING THE FOULING OF IRON
SHIPS BOTTOMS AND OTHER MARINE IRON AND WOODWORK GENERALLY," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Martin, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING SMALL-ARMS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bardell and Edward
Blakemore at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 30th October 1875.
We, JOHN BARDELL, of Aston, near Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Gun Maker, and EDWARD BLAKEMORE, of Aston aforesaid,
Gun Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING SMALL-ARMS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention has reference to breech-loading small-arms of the kind
called drop-down guns, and our said Invention consists of the arrange-
ment or combination of parts herein-after described for fastening the
"fore ends" of the said drop-down guns to and unfastening them from
the barrels.
.:
Our improved fore end fastening is situated at the nose part of the
fore end, that is, at that end most distant from the head or abutment
which bears against the joint on the body: The said fastening consists
of a small sliding bolt working in a box or case fixed in the wooden part
of the fore end at the nose part thereof, the said bolt being forced
outwards, that is, towards the muzzle end of the gun by a coiled spring

page_text: within the box or case. The extreme outer end of the bolt is reduced in
size, and the inner face of the reduced part is bevilled or inclined. Near
the said reduced and bevilled end of the bolt is a thumb plate projecting
slightly from the fore end, the neck of the thumb plate working in a
slot in the case or box in which the spring bolt slides.
In addition to the loop or lump ordinarily made on the under side of
the barrels, which takes into a slot in the bar of the fore end near the
middle thereof, we fix in advance of the said ordinary loop or lump a
small supplementary lump for the spring bolt at the nose of the fore end
to engage with. This supplementary lump is hook-shaped, or is pro-
vided with a seat of a size and shape proper for the reduced and bevilled
end of the bolt to seat itself upon; the outer face of the supplementary
lump is inclined. When the fore end is placed on the under side of the
barrels and pressed down the bolt at the nose part is forced inwards by
the bevilled end of the bolt bearing against the bevilled face of the
supplementary lump, and when the fore end has been fully pressed down
the bolt by the action of its spring snaps upon the seat of the supple-
mentary lump, and the fore end is fastened very securely in its place.
To release the fore end the thumb plate of the bolt is pressed inwards or
towards the butt end of the gun. The bevilled nose of the bolt is
thereby withdrawn from the scat of the supplementary lump on the
barrels, and the fore end is unfastened and may be removed.
By the use of the ordinary lump or loop on the barrels upon which
the fore end takes in conjunction with the spring snap fastening at the
nose of the fore end the said fore end is held very steadily in its place.
The parts of our improved fastening are very simple in construction,
and occupy little room in the fore end, and the position of the fastening
permits the fore end to be easily removed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR FURNITURE TO BE USED IN LOCKING PAGES IN CHASES FOR PRINTING PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION loft by Robert Purdy Tickle at tho
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 8th October 1875.
I, ROBERT PURDY TIOKLE, of 29, Sherborne Street, Blandford Square,
3 in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR FURNITURE TO BE USED IN
LOCKING PAGES IN CHASES FOR PRINTING PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus or furniture
to be used in locking pages in chases for printing purposes, and consists
) in fitting in or on a bar or strip a threaded pin or stud that it may turn
therein and be governed in its to-and-fro movement by a spanner and
key, which can be put upon the squares of a projection as part of the
stud. The end of the stud within the bar or strip is plain, and the
other part is threaded for the reception of a tightening or pinch nut
to bear against another strip or bar into which the threaded portion is
caused to take. The apparatus thus constructed is intended for use
between two pages of type, or its equivalent, and has an action upon
each of the two pages equally to lock or bind them in position for--
Printin nurnoses.

page_text: In arranging my apparatus for head and foot locking up of pages or
parts of a page I use one bar or strip only, the fixed portion or pro-
jection of my threaded stud then being caused to bear against the inner
side of the chase.
In my first arrangement the tightening or pinch nut can be dispensed 5
with if desired, the threaded portion of the stud then by its rotation
causing the bar or strip and its own bar or strip to move farther apart
to widen the margin, or to narrow the same for registering or gauging.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Knowles at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
November 1875.
I, JAMES KNOWLES, of Eagley Bank, Bolton, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
My improved steam engine is composed of three oscillating cylinders,
each containing a plunger or piston, the rods of which are connected to
a three-throw crank shaft. The steam and exhaust ports are opened
and closed alternately by the oscillations of the cylinders, and the steam
is supplied from one side of the supply pipe while the exhaust steam
is carried off at the other side, the two sides being separated by a
midfeather.

page_text: moving this valve the steam is conveyed to the exhaust side, while the
side that was used for the supply becomes the exhaust.
The steam instead of being blown off may be taken to a condenser or
to cylinders of a larger capacity and used over again, thus forming a
compound engine.
MAKING WOODEN BURIAL CASES AND CASKETS IN LIEU OF ORDINARY COFFINS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Jones at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
December 1875.
I, HENRY JONES, of Tyn Slain, Aberffraw, in the Isle of Anglesoy,
North Wales, Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "MAKING WOODEN BURIAL CASES AND CASKETS IN LIEU OF ORDINARY
COFFINS," to be as follows:-
The case or casket is made of wood by machinery, the top being
dome-shaped, with glass inserted to slew the face of the corpso; the sides
are solid and bent, the corners round, the whole moulded and polished,
glossed, or japanned, or pannelled with cloth or other material.
IMPROVED SKIP AND BASKET GUAGE
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Scholfield at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th July 1875.
I, THOMAS SCHOLFIELD, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster,
Basket Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED SKIP AND BASKET GUAGE," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to enable blind or people with injured
sight, children, or unskilled people to make skips, hampers, baskets, or
other such like articles accurate in shape and to any size.
My Invention consists of a centre pillar of any material, size, or shape,
the bottom of which is made with a square hole fitting on a spike
secured to a foundation board on which the articles are made. This
makes the pillar firm in its place during the time occupied in making.
Near the top of this pillar I fix a disc plate provided with any number
of screws or bolts, on the top of this disc I fix two or more square bars
of any required size and length. The top end of the before named
pillar passes sufficiently through the disc plate to go through these bars,
and by a nut or other equivalent secure them to the top of such disc

page_text: То
plate firmly, in each end of these bars is one or more set screws.
each of these bars is two slotted slide bars, sliding in and out at will on
the above mentioned set screws, studs, or other equivalent, this enables
the operator to set them to any size or shape
At the outer end of these
slide slotted bars or arms there is a hole drilled to any angle the bevil or
taper of the article made may require; through this hole is passed a rod,
being the guage or boundry of the wicker.
For round, oval, or other shape required than square I provide two
The rods passing
or more extra slotted slide arms as before described
through the holes drilled in the outer ends of slotted slide arms or slide
bars are secured by set screws or other equivalent, and form the actual
guage round which the wicker is passed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO-MAGNETS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Theophile Adolphe Hequet at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 17th July 1875.
I, THEOPHILE ADOLPHE HEQUET, Engineer, of Paris (France), do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ELECTRO-MAGNETS," to be as follows.-
Electro-magnets are usually employed to give vibratory movement to
spring armatures, but such movement is often interfered with by the
residuary magnetism subsisting after cessation of the electric current,
and this interference is especially prejudicial when rapid vibrations of
the armature are desired.
The object of my Invention is to diminish or annihilate such residuary
magnetism, which I effect by separating magnetically the two bobbins
of the electro-magnet from each other either by dividing the iron yoke
which joins them or by introducing non-magnetic material between the
bobbins and the said yoke at their points of junction therewith. When
the yoke is divided I prefer to fit either or both parts of it to move in

page_text: a slide or slides, so that by means of a screw they can be slid into or out
of contact with each other.
In some cases I fix the bobbins to a non-magnetic yoke and arrange
an iron shde thereon, which can be moved to and fro, being pressed
against the bobbin cores by a spring. In this iron slide I form sloping
notches on the side presented to the cores, and into these notches I fit
non-magnetic material such as copper By moving the slide to or fro a
greater or less thickness of the non-magnetic material is introduced
between the cores and the slide, and thus the two bobbins are more or
less magnetically insulated from cach other
-
It-is-obvious that this Invention can be readily applied to existing
electro-magnets by dividing their yokes or insulating their bobbin
cores by surrounding with non-magnetic material, such as copper, the
parts of the cores which are inserted into the holes of the yoke, or one'
or both of these holes may be slotted, and sloping insulating picces being
inserted in notches in the yoke, either or both cores can be made to
slide in the slotted holes, so as to vary the amount of their insulation
as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FORM, SHAPE, AND CONSTRUCTION OF DREDGING BUCKETS AND LINKS FOR WORKING SAME
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Ward Tucker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th December 1875.
I, BENJAMIN WARD TUCKER, of 69, Claverton Street, Pimlico, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FORM, SHAPE, AND CONSTRUCTION OF DREDGING
BUCKETS AND LINKS FOR WORKING SAME," to be as follows:-
•
1
This Invention relates to the construction of dredging buckets which
instead of being flat on face are dished or curved on the face, so that the
cutting edge of basket enters the earth, gradually presenting a better
cutting action and requiring less power.
The links are connected to the buckets at about one-third the
diameter of curve of top of buckets, and at the same position on cross
bar which slides up and down in the usual manner, and opens and shuts
the buckets to be used for dredging docks, harbours, rivers, canals,
and general excavations.
A NEW OR IMPROVED TRIMMING FOR SKIRTS AND OTHER GARMENTS POR FEMALE WEAR
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Taylor at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th April 1875.
I, WILLIAM HENRY TAYLOR, of Barbican, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
TRIMMING FOR SKIRTS AND OTHER GARMENTS POR FEMALE WEAR," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to a new kind of trimming for skirts, petticoats,
and other part of female wearing apparel, the trimming of this Invention
being characterized by the effect produced and the low cost at which it
may be made and sold.
The Invention consists in the employment of a felted fabric cut into
strips or other suitable form, and ornamented by perforations made
according to any desired pattern, the said perforations or pattern being
stamped or cut out of the felt by means of a roller or rollers furnished
This
with cutters according to the desired pattern or otherwise.
perforated felt trimming when applied to a skirt or other article of a
different shade or color produces a highly ornamental effect.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPH CABLES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Edmund Phillips and
Walter Claude Johnson at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 2nd November 1875.
We, SAMUEL EDMUND PHILLIPS and WALTER CLAUDE JOHNSON, of
Victoria Works, Victoria Road, Charlton, in the County of Kent,
Engineers and Electricians, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPH CABLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the serving of telegraph cables, either as
applied internally for the protection of the core, or externally over the
wires, hemp, or other body, such serving being composed of strips of
canvas or "Hessian" without selvedge, laid round the cable either over-
lapping the last turn so as to form a double sheathing, or preferably
without overlapping the last turn of the same strip of serving, but
making flush or butt joint with it; by these means a greater finish is
given to the external sheathing of the cable, whilst at a less cost a
reduction of at least 20 per cent. is obtained in the coiling space
when compared with the ordinary method of serving.

page_text: The mixture herein-after called compound consists of a suitablo
preservative preparation, preferably of tar, pitch, and silica.
The serving is laid round the cable or corc in a spiral direction, and
consists of strips of canvas.
The canvas is woven of jute threads or some such suitable fibre, and
saturated with compound. For core serving it is applied either un-
prepared or tanned.
The canvas or Hessian which is manufactured of any convenient width,
say three or four feet, is compounded by being passed through a steam
heated bath, and then between steam heated rollers or a series of 1
scrapers. It is then cut into strips of suitable widths, say two or three
inches, and wound on bobbins.
The core or cable to be served is then passed through machinery, by
which one or more strips of the serving are laid spirally round it, and if
more than one serving is used the spiral is made right and left handed 1
alternately.
After each serving, and if preferred before the first serving, in the case
of serving the external sheathing of a cable, the cable is covered with
compound and smoothed down by being passed through finishing dies or
smoothing tongs, rollers, or other suitable appliance.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CUTTING AND WORKING WOOD
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Bradbury and George
Francis Bradbury at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 2nd November 1875.
We, JAMES BRADBURY, of Oldham, and GEORGE FRANCIS BRAdbury,
of Manchester, both in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CUTTING AND
WORKING WOOD," to be as follows:-
This Invention is designed principally for cutting or forming gutters
or troughs in wood; the object of the Invention being to cut out the
centre or core whole, and thus utilize the wood instead of cutting the
same away in chips as hitherto done; but the Invention is also equally
applicable for forming the hollow parts of mouldings or cornices, and
preserving the strip or piece cut out for various useful purposes.
The Invention consists principally in the use of a revolving saw
formed of a thin steel cylinder or drum with teeth at one end or edge so
mounted that by running the end of a piece of squared timber against
it a semicircular cut is made so as to form the gutter or trough; the
piece cut out passing through the interior of the cylindrical saw as the

page_text: timber is advanced or fed on, and the piece thus cut out being half
round may be utilized for one side of a ladder or for any other useful
purpose, the only waste made being tho sawdust produced by the saw
teeth.
Above the cylindrical saw is a fixed pedestal hollowed out beneath to
fit the upper periphery of the saw, and the latter is supported partly by
a small roller running in the interior, and partly by a curved band or
strap of steel fixed at each end to the pedestal, and running round a
groove or neck formed in the exterior of the cylinder.
The cylindrical saw is driven by a strap passing around a pulley
above, and also running in a groove or neck round the cylinder. The
"set" inwards and outwards of the teeth on the forward edge on end of
the cylinder must be such as to clear the driving band or strap.