AN IMPROVED METHOD OF, AND APPARATUS FOR, CONVEYING THE LIGHT EVOLVED FROM ANY SOURCE, NATURAL OR ARTIFICIAL, INTO PARTS OR CAVITIES OF THE HUMAN OR ANIMAL BODY, FOR SURGICAL, DENTAL AND OTHER PURPOSES to be as follows
Year: 1884

page_text: I, PAUL WARD, of 24 Woodlands Park Road, Greenwich, in the county of Kent,
Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF, AND APPARATUS FOR, CONVEYING THE LIGHT EVOLVED FROM ANY
SOURCE, NATURAL OR ARTIFICIAL, INTO PARTS OR CAVITIES OF THE HUMAN OR
ANIMAL BODY, FOR SURGICAL, DENTAL AND OTHER PURPOSES to be as follows:-
"
The object of this Invention is to provide a cheap and easily manipulated means
of lighting or illuminating parts or cavities of the human or animal body which it
is impossible to examine properly, or to minutely inspect, unless the light is thrown
upon, or is in close proximity to, the part under examination.
The illumination lastly referred to has hitherto been ordinarily effected by
reflectors throwing light from some external source into the part of the body to be
examined, or such part has been made transparent by some source of light arranged
behind the same,
Further, instruments have been employed for the same purpose wherein the light
has been obtained by means of the incandescence of a platinum or carbon filament
or other material having the required electrical resistance.
In using instruments of the nature lastly referred to the source of light itself was
inserted into the part of the body or other object to be examined, and in order to
overcome the heat developed by the incandescence of the platinum or other material,
water was caused to circulate around the case enclosing the platinum or other
material so as to render the heat harmless to the patient.
The object of this Invention is to provide means whereby the part to be examined
may be illuminated by a continuous homogeneous conductor of light, conveying
and reflecting light from any source either natural or artificial in such a manner
that the highest percentage of light is so utilised, obviating the hitherto inconvenient
attendance of heat such as would emanate from an incandescent electric lamp
introduced into the part.
I further reduce to a minimum any heat reflected, transmitted or conveyed from
the source of illumination, which might find its way to any object to be illuminated,

page_text: by the interposition between the light and the conductor of a transparent medium
for absorbing such heat as herein before described.
In effecting the object of my invention I use as a source of light any which may
be most suitable for the object to be illuminated such as direct sun light, lime light,
gas, oil, spirit or candle which is suitably placed near my improved conductor, so
that such light may shine into, or on to, one end thereof
I form the illuminator of a solid glass, rod or tube filled with a dense, liquid,
transparent, homogeneous conductor of light, such as, water or alum and water or
other suitable material which would absorb the heat rays and allow the light to
pass and which is as near the specific gravity of glass as possible. Either or both
ends of the illuminator or conductor may be bent, curved, tapered, enlarged or
lenticulated in such a manner as to be most suitable for the special illumination
required. The said conductor is coated or covered all over or in part or parts with
a silver or other suitable film to prevent the escape of the light where not desired.
A disc or plate of any suitable material is, in some cases, affixed to the conductor
to stop off any light which it would be undesirable to transmit from the source,
thereby giving greater contrast of light from darkness to the observer. It is
desirable to enclose the source of light in some opaque shield or chimney which has
a hole or opening suitably arranged to allow of the transmission of light to that end
of the conductor which is nearer the source.
In order to suitably support the conductor in the best position to receive and
transmit the light fittings are attached to that end thereof which is nearer the
source of light and means are provided to enable the free end to be moved into any
required position and fixed therein by the operator and also to allow of the ready
interchange of one shaped conductor for another, that is to say, a universal or other
convenient joint.
If desired the light giving source is rigidly attached to the conductor as, for
instance, by sliding the conductor into a socket formed on the lamp or other source,
or a small incandescent electric or other lamp is attached to the conductor by means
of a hollow spiral spring grasping the conductor and lamp end to end or in any
other suitable manner, or the conductor may be attached to the lamp by means of a
sprung tube formed of any suitable material.
It will be readily understood that prisms or other analogous appliances, arranged
in a suitable manner, may be employed for causing the part or cavity illuminated
.to be reflected to the eye.
When it is desired to administer fluids to the part or cavity illuminated by the
instrument forming the subject of this invention the solid glass rod can be formed
with a channel through its length or a tube may be fused to the side of the glass
rod or tube, constituting the conductor, and the fluid which is contained in any
desired receptacle but, by preference, in a flexible bag, may be injected, as desired
through the said channel or tube as will be well understood. I do not desire to
.claim the application of the said means for administering fluids as constituting any
part of this Invention.
Dated this with dor of Fahnuary 1884

page_text: I, PAUL WARD, formerly of 24, Woodlands Park Road, Greenwich, in the
County of Kent, but at present residing at N° 2, Holcroft Terrace, High Street,
Fulham, in the county of Middlesex, Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of
my Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF, AND APPARATUS FOR, CONVEYING
THE LIGHT EVOLVED FROM ANY SOURCE, NATURAL OR ARTIFICIAL, INTO PARTS OR
CAVITIES OF THE HUMAN OR ANIMAL BODY FOR SURGICAL, DENTAL AND OTHER
PURPOSES," and in what manner the same is to be-performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in, and by the following statement :-
The object of my said Invention is to provide cheap and easily manipulated
means of lighting or illuminating parts or cavities of the human or animal body
which it is impossible to examine properly, or to minutely inspect, unless the
light is thrown upon, or is in close proximity to, the part under examination.
The illumination lastly referred to has hitherto been ordinarily effected by
reflectors throwing light from some external source into the part of the body to be
examined, or such part has been made transparent by some source of light
arranged bebind the same.
Further, instruments have been employed for the same purpose wherein the
light has been obtained by means of the incandescence of a platinum or carbon
filament or other material having the required electrical resistance.
In using instruments of the nature lastly referred to the source of light itself
was inserted into the part of the body or other object to be examined, and in order
to overcome the heat developed by the incandescence of the platinum or other
material, water was caused to circulate around the case enclosing the platinum or
other material so as to render the heat harmless to the patient.
The object of my said Invention is to provide means whereby the part to be
examined may be illuminated by a continuous homogeneous conductor of light,
conveying and reflecting light from any source, either natural or artificial, in such
a manner that the highest percentage of light is so utilised, obviating the hitherto
inconvenient attendance of heat such as would emanate from an incandescent
electric lamp introduced into the part.
I further reduce to a minimum any heat reflected, transmitted or conveyed from
the source of illumination, which might find its way to any object to be
illuminated, by the interposition, between the light and the conductor, of a
transparent medium for absorbing such heat.
In effecting the object of my invention I use as a source of light any which may.
be most suitable for the object to be illuminated, such as direct sun light, lime
light, gas, oil, spirit, or candle which is suitably placed near my improved conductor,
so that such light may shine into, or on to, one end thereof.
I form the illuminator of a solid glass rod or tube filled with a dense, liquid,
transparent, homogeneous conductor of light, such as, water or alum and water or
other suitable material which would absorb the heat rays and allow the light to
pass, and which is as near the specific gravity of glass as possible. Either or both
ends of the illuminator or conductor may be bent, curved, tapered, enlarged or
lenticulated in such a manner as to be most suitable for the special illumination
required. The said conductor is coated or covered all over or in part or parts with
a silver or other suitable film to prevent the escape of the light where not desired.
A disc or plate of any suitable material is, in some cases, affixed to the conductor
to stop off any light which it would be undesirable to transmit from the source,
thereby giving greater contrast of light from darkness to the observer;

page_text: It is desirable to enclose the source of light in some opaque shield or chimney.
which has a hole or opening suitably arranged to allow of the transmission of light
to that end of the conductor which is nearer the source.
In order to suitably support the conductor in the best position to receive and
transmit the light, fittings are attached to that end thereof which is nearer the
source of light and means are provided to enable the free end to be moved into
any required position and fixed therein by the operator and also to allow of the
'ready interchange of one shaped conductor for another, that is to say, a universal
or other convenient joint.
If desired, the light giving source is rigidly attached to the conductor, as, for
instance, by sliding the conductor into a socket formed on the lamp or other source,
or a small incandescent electric or other lamp is attached to the conductor by
means of a hollow spiral spring grasping the conductor and lamp end to end or in
any other suitable manner, or the conductor may be attached to the lamp by means
of a sprung tube formed of any suitable material.
in
It will be readily understood that prisms or other analogous appliances arranged
suitable manner, may be employed for causing the part or cavity illuminated
to be reflected to the eye.
When it is desired to administer fluids to the part or cavity illuminated by the
instrument to which my said invention relates the solid glass rod can be formed
with a hole or passage through its length or a tube may be fused to the side of the
glass rod or tube constituting the conductor and the fluid, which is contained in
any desired receptacle, but, by preference, in a flexible bag, may be injected, as
desired, through the said hole or passage or tube as will be well understood. I do
not desire to claim the application of the said means for administering fluids as
constituting any part of my said Invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim, is :-
--
First. The method of transmitting light, from any source, natural or artificial,
without loss, by means of total reflection, through a continuous, homogeneous
conductor of light, substantially as, and for the purposes; hereinbefore set forth
and described.
And Secondly. The construction and arrangement of the apparatus, for reflecting
light into parts or cavities of the human or animal body, consisting of a glass
rod or tube filled with a dense, liquid, transparent, homogeneous conductor
of light, as near the specific gravity of glass as possible, suitably held or fixed
in conjunction with a source of light, substantially as herein before set forth and
described.
Dated this fourth day of November One thousand eight hundred and eighty