IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR IN MACHINERY FOR GINNING AND CLEANING COTTON, A PART OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO MACHINES FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Horace Leeman Emery, of No. 72, Sloane Street,
Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex, Agricultural Implement Maker,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
IN MACHINERY FOR
GINNING AND
CLEANING COTTON, A PART OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO MACHINES FOR
OTHER PURPOSES."
Sealed the 3rd May 1864, and dated the 7th November 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Horace Leeman Emery
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 7th November 1863.
I, HORACE LEEMAN EMERY, of No. 72, Sloane Street, Chelsea, in the
County of Middlesex, Agricultural Implement Maker, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GINNING
AND CLEANING COTTON, A PART OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO MACHINES FOR OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
These improvements relate to the construction and mode of adjusting the
hopper of a cotton gin; to the formation and arrangement of the grids or ribs;
to the manner of admitting air to the brush cylinder, and of regulating the
passage of air through the machine; to the method of conducting away the
Inbricating material that escapes inside the bearings; to the nature of the
Price 8d.1

page_text: metallic bearings designed for cotton gins and other machines, and to the mode
of constructing the same; to the use of both a horizontal and inclined mote-
board, and to the mode of adjusting the same; to the manner of mounting or
hanging the intermediate reversing or tighting pulley which carries the belt
for communicating force and motion from the saw shaft to the brush cylinder
shaft to a device for rendering the bearings of band cylinders independently
adjustable, the same being applicable to the cleaning attachment of cotton
gins and to other machinery; and to the arrangement of the band and band
pullies for communicating force and motion to the several shafts.
The hopper of my improved gin is enlarged above the ribs, for the purpose
of lessening the resistance of the breast of the hopper to the rotation of the
cotton roll. This enlargement commences immediately above the ribs, or at
a point nearly on a level with the centre of the cotton roll, and continues to
the top of the hopper. The hopper is made adjustable in reference to the
saws by means of cams fixed to the inside faces of the frame, the cams being
operated by a screw bolt extending beyond the said fraine. The ribs of my
machine are formed of cast iron, chill-hardened in that portion of their faces
and edges against which the cotton impinges during the process of ginning, to
prevent their wearing away: or instead of chill-hardening, tempered steel
plates may be inserted in the said portion, for the purpose of insuring the
durability of the ribs, and for convenience of renewal. The upper ends of
the ribs are made to recede from the curved line of their faces, and the spaces
between the ribs the entire distance from the saws upward are made the same
width, thereby permitting the ready passage and escape of the partially ginned
staple, and the seed from the said spaces into which they may have been
drawn by the action of the saws, so that the staple and the seed may freely
pass on and revolve with the roll. The casing of the brush cylinder is con-
structed with an aperture extending across the machine at the upper side of a
radial board, which board turns the cotton and blast towards the discharging
mouth of the gin, for the purpose of admitting to the brushes as they pass the
edge of the said board a sufficient supply of air to prevent a partial vacuum
which would otherwise be produced at this point. This arrangement econo-
mizes power, and lessens the required speed of the brush cylinder. The oil
which escapes from the bearings on the inside is conducted outward by
making the under side of the bearing inclining outward, a semicircular
aperture being cut through the sides of the machine around the lower part of
the bearings, for the purpose of admitting the passage outward of the lubri-
cating material, and at the same time preventing its passage down the inside
face of the gin. By this means the cotton is kept from contact with the

page_text: lubricating material, by which contact it would be injured and impeded in its
passage, and firing by friction thereby endangered.
The metallic bearings designed for cotton gins and other machines are
constructed of an alloy for lining metallic chambers, composed of four parts
banca tin, three parts antimony, and ten parts lead; for lining for wood
chambers, one part more of antimony with one less of lead; this alloy having
been found to require less lubricating, and to produce less friction than brass
or other metals generally used for this purpose. The frames are formed or
cast so as to leave a space between them and the journals. This space is
enlarged near each end of the journal by a recess partly undercut, for the
purpose of retaining the linings, which linings may be made to extend beyond
the faces of the frames at either or both ends, by which extension a longer
bearing surface is obtained for the journal. The bearings or linings of the
journals are formed by passing a mandrel of the required size through the
centre of the journal chamber, and placing upon the said mandrel at both
ends of the chamber a collar, the inner faces of which conform to the required
shape of the projecting ends of the bearings. The collars are held in position
while the lining of the journals is being cast by set screws or other suitable
means. When it is desired to form the bearings in two parts, pieces of
infusible sheet metal are placed between the halves of the journal chamber.
The edge of these metal plates extends inward to the mandrel on either side.
and at the same time divides the aperture through which the melted alloy is
poured into the journal chamber, and thereby dividing the bearing or lining
for the journal; bearings formed in this manner are very perfect, and all the
expense of fitting is avoided.
The horizontal mote-board, which is made adjustable forward and back-
wards in any suitable manner, is situated below the brush cylinder, and passes
in contact with the lower edge of the incline board at a point in a vertical line
with the axis of the brush cylinder. The object of this arrangement is to
divide the current of air which contains the cotton, dirt, sand, and refuse in
such a manner that the latter may fall upon the ground while the former is
carried forward and up the incline mote-board. This incline board is con-
structed in two parts. The upper or outer part is hinged to the other part for
convenience of lowering or raising the outer edge, and thereby varying the
size of the outlet, and regulating the force of the discharge blast which carries
out the staple, and incidentally regulating the force of the inward draft.
The intermediate reversing and tighting pulley employed in my improved
gin, which is applicable also to other machines, and which carries the belt for
communicating force and motion from the saw shaft to the brush cylinder, is

page_text: mounted upon a radial vibrating hanger, whose vibrations are produced by the
action of the belt in one direction, and by an adjustable screw bolt acting
through a strong elastic spring in the other direction. The object of this
device is not only to maintain the belt at the requisite tightness in all climates
and conditions, but to avoid the necessity of using a belt of great length to
obtain the desirable amount of flexibility. The pullies on the saw and brush
shafts, as well as the intermediate pullies, are each fitted with an inside
projection for receiving a band, which passes around the pulley upon the shaft
of the upper or driving cylinder of the endless apron of the clearing attach-
ment. The opposite end of said driving cylinder is fitted with pulleys for
carrying a band which drives the pulley of the gauze cylinder.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Horace Leeman Emery in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 7th May 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HORACE
LEEMAN EMERY, of No. 72, Sloane Street, Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex,
Agricultural Implement Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign. did. for Herself. Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Horace Leeman Emery. Her special license that I. the said Horace
Leeman Emery, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others.
as I, the said Horace Leeman Emery, my executors. administrators, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GINNING AND CLEANING COTTON, A PART OF
WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO MACHINES FOR OTHER PURPOSES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that . the said Horace Leeman Emery, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, or under
the hand and seal of one of them, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office

page_text: within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Horace Leeman Emery, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings,
figures, and letters marked thereon, making a part of this Specification:-
These improvements relate to the construction and mode of adjusting the
hopper of a cotton gin: to the formation and arrangement of the grids or
ribs; to the manner of admitting air to the brush cylinder, and of regulating
the passage of air through the machine: to the method of conducting
away the lubricating material that escapes inside the hearings: to the nature
of the metallic bearings designed for cotton gins and other machines, and to
the mode of constructing the same: to the use of both a horizontal and
inclined mote-board, and to the mode of adjusting the same; to the manner
of mounting or hanging the intermediate reversing and tightning pulley
which carries the belt for communicating force and motion from the saw
shaft to the brush cylinder shaft; to a device for rendering the bearings of
band cylinders independently adjustable, the same being applicable to the
cleaning attachment of cotton gins and to other machinery and to the arrange-
ment of the band and band pulleys for communicating force and motion to
the several shafts.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure is a side elevation of the complete machine for gimming and
cleaning cotton: Figure 2 is a plan of the same; Figure 3 is a longitudinal
central section of said machine: Figure 4 is an elevation of a cam for
adjusting the hopper drawn on an enlarged scale: Figures 5. 6. and 7
represent the ribs or grids of the machine. Figure 5 being a side elevation.
Figure 6 a view of their faces, and Figure 7 a cross section of the same:
Figure 8 is an elevation of my improved bearing with a portion of the
framing, showing the aperture for the escape of the lubricating oil: Figure 9
is a cross section of the same showing the under-cut portions of the bearing:
Figure 10 is a view of the incline mote-board formed in two parts, with
attachment for raising and lowering the upper portion of the board: Figure 11
is a detached view showing a method for adjusting the band rollers of
machinery Figure 12 is a front view of the adjusting plate of the same:
like letters designate corresponding parts in all the Figures.
The framework A of the machinery for ginning and cleaning cotton for

page_text: which my improvements are more especially designed may be constructed of
any suitable material and convenient form. Some of my improvements are
applicable to cotton gins of various descriptions, and to machinery for other
purposes.
I now proceed to more particularly describe the parts that are new, with
such references to parts of cotton gins previously invented as will enable the
nature of the said improvements and mode of carrying the same into effect
to be readily understood.
My improved hopper B, Figures 1, 2, and 3 is enlarged above the ribs
for the purpose of lessening the resistance of the breast of the hopper to the
rotation of the cotton roll. This enlargement commences at a point nearly on
a level with the centre of the cotton roll. and continues to the top of the
hopper, as clearly shown in Figure 3. This hopper is made adjustable in
reference to the saws by means of a cam C. Figure 3. upon either side, the
form and full size of which is represented by Figure 4. These cams are
operated by a thumb nut a. Figure 1. or other convenient device.
The improved ribs D of a cotton gin are shown enlarged in Figures 5, 6,
and 7. The upper ends of these ribs are made to recede from the curved
line of their faces, as shown in Figure 5, and the spaces between the ribs. the
entire distance from the saws upward, are made of the same width, as shown
in Figure 6, to permit the ready passage and escape of the partially ginned
staple and seed from the said spaces, into which they have been drawn by
the action of the saws, so that said staple and seed may freely pass on and
revolve with the cotton roll. The ribs are formed of cast iron, chill-hardened
in that portion of their faces and edges against which the cotton impinges
during the process of ginning to prevent their wearing away, or instead of
chill-hardening these parts tempered steel plates may be inserted in the said
portion for the purpose of ensuring durability, and for convenience of removal
of the worn parts of the ribs. An aperture E is formed in the frame of the
machine or casing containing the brush cylinder. This aperture is made on
both sides of the machine, forming an unobstructed passage across the same
at the upper side of the radial board F, which board turns the cotton and
blast towards the discharging outlet of the gin for the purpose of admitting
a sufficient supply of air to the brushes as they pass the edge of the said board
to prevent a partial vacuum which would otherwise be produced at this point.
This arrangement economizes power and lessens the required speed of the
brush cylinder. The lubricating material which escapes from the bearings
G, Figures 8 and 9, on the inner side is conducted outward by making the
underside of the bearing inclining outward, a semicircular aperture b, Figure 8,

page_text: being cut through the side of the machine around the lower part of said bearings
for the purpose of admitting the free passage of the lubricating material.
and at the same time preventing its running down within the sides of the
machine. By this means the cotton is kept from contact with the lubricators,
by which contact it would not only be injured and its passage impeded, but
there would also be great danger of producing fire by friction. The lining c
of the bearings G designed for cotton gins and other machinery are constructed
of an alloy constituted of four parts of banca tin, three parts antimony. and one
part of lead. When this lining is designed for wooden bearings or chambers
one part more of antimony is employed with one part less of lead. This com-
position has been found to require less lubricating and to produce less friction
than brass or other materials generally employed for this purpose. The metal
bearings G are cast or formed so as to leave a space between them and the
journals. This space is enlarged near each end of the journals by forming a
recess, partly under-cnt, the object being to secure the linings in place.
These linings may be made to extend beyond the face of the frame at either or
both ends, by which means a larger bearing surface is obtained for the journals.
The bearing surface for the journals is formed by passing a mandrel of the
required size through the centre of the journal chamber, and placing upon the
said mandrel at both ends of the chamber a collar. the inner face of which
conforms to the required shape of the projecting ends of the bearing. The
collars are held in position while the lining of the journals is being cast by set
screws or other suitable means. When it is desired to form the bearings in
two parts, pieces of infusible metal are placed between the halves of the journal
chamber. The edge of these metal plates extends inward to the mandrel on
either side, and at the same time divides the aperture through which the
melted alloy is poured into the journal chamber, and thereby dividing the
bearing or lining of the journal. Bearings formed in this manner are very
perfect. and all the expense of fitting is avoided.
The horizontal mote-board H. Figure 3. retained in position by the thumb-
screw e. is made adjustable forward and backward. This board. situated below
the brush cylinder I, passes in contact with the lower end of the incline mote-
board J at a point nearly in a vertical line with the axis of the brush cylinder.
The object of this arrangement is to divide the current of air which contains
the cotton, dirt, and refuse, in such a manner that the dirt and refuse may
fall down. while the cotton is carried forward and up the inclined mote-board.
This inclined board is constructed in two parts. as clearly shown enlarged in
Figure 10. The upper or outer part is hinged to the lower, or to the frame

page_text: of the machine. The upper part of the board may be held at any desired point
by means of the pawl f engaging the rack K, to which the said upper part is
attached. By lowering or raising the upper end of this board the size of the
outlet is varied, thereby regulating the force of the discharge blast which
carries out the cotton, and incidentally regulating the force of the inward
draft. The upper or outer part of the inclined mote-board is only applicable
to a cotton gin when the condensing attachment is not employed.
The intermediate reversing and tightening pulley L, Figure 1, designed for
use on cotton gins and other machines, which pulley carries the belt g for
communicating force and motion from the saw shaft to the brush cylinder, is
mounted upon a radial vibrating hanger M. whose vibrations are produced by
the action of the belt in one direction, and by an adjustable screw bolt acting
through a strong elastic spring in the other direction. The object of this
device is not only to maintain the bele at the required tightness in all climates
and conditions, but to avoid the necessity of using a belt of great length to
obtain the desirable amount of elasticity.
The means employed for rendering the bearings of band rollers indepen-
dently adjustable is shown in Figures 11 and 12. The end of the roller N
fits in an eye m formed in the lower end of a plate o. A slot is cut in this
plate, which works on a bolt fixed in the frame of the machine.
arrangement the bands may be tightened or loosened at the pleasure of the
operator.
By this
The pulleys P, P', Figure 1, on the saw shaft q, and the pulley Q on the
brush shaft r, as well as the intermediate pulleys, are each fitted with a pro-
jection for receiving a band, which passes around the pulley upon the shaft of
the upper or driving cylinder S of the endless apron of the cleaning attachment.
The opposite end of said driving cylinder is fitted with a pulleys for
carrying a band. which drives the pulley of the gauze cylinder T. The
required power is applied in any convenient manner, either through the band
pulley R or cog gearing fixed on one end of the saw shaft to a pulley P on
the opposite end of said shaft, which pulley carries an endless band or strap g,
passed over the pulley on the brush cylinder shaft r, and thence over the
loose pulley L on the vibrating hanger M. A rope or band carried from a
pulley P fixed on the pulley P, communicates to a pulley V placed loosely on
the gauze cylinder shaft . Connected with this pulley is a pulley r, which
by a rope or band imparts motion to the pulley W on the shaft of the upper
band roller S. the opposite end of which is fitted with a pulleys for carrying
a band which drives the pulley t and with it the gauze cylinder shaft.

page_text: Having thus fully described the nature of my Invention, I claim the devices
or parts to which these improvements are herein-before stated to relate, sub-
stantially as and for the purpose set forth.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, the
Twenty-fourth day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-four.
HORACE L. EMERY. (L.S.)