Improvements in Copying and Carving Machines.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Dec., 1893--Accepted, 5th Dec., 1894
Improvements in Copying and Carving Machines.
I, ROBERT MORGENEIER, of 753, E, 4th Street, Winona, County of Winona,
State of Minnesota, United States of America, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
The object of this invention is to provide machine by means of which the most
elaborate and artistic carvings and sculpturinge may be automatically reproduced
or duplicated; or, as in case of a carved or sculptured design, such design
may, in the duplicate thereof, he cut deeper or shallower than the original, as may
he desired, the model, and a single operation of the machine, being sufficient to
reproduce an exact duplicate, or a deeper or shallower one. The patterns employed
may be of any material capable of sustaining a slight pressure.
The copying or carving machine comprises a main frame, a reciprocating table,
a series of reciprocal and independently gyratory guide fingers, a projecting and
retracting mechanism arranged in connection with said guide fingers; a series of
revoluble and reciprocal cutters arranged in connection with the guide fingers; a
means for reciprocating the table; a means for revolving the cutters; means for
permitting an independently gyratory and retractive motion in the guide fingers
holders for the pattern and material in which the pattern is to be reproduced in its
normal, greater, or lesser depth, and a means for imparting a corresponding
movement to the pattern and material, such movement being practically universal.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figure is a plan view of my improved copying or carving machine, the two top
clamping pieces of the vertical standards being removed.
Figure 2 is a side elevation of the machine with parts broken away in order to
more clearly exhibit the pattern.
Figure 3 is an elevation of the machine from the opposite side to that shown in
Figure 2.
Figure 4 is a front view.
Figure 5 is a plan view, partly in section, of the cutter and guide finger
mechanism.
Figures 6 and 7 are enlarged detail views of the belt shifting mechanism.
Figure 8 is a sectional detail view of the guide finger holder; and
Figure 8 is a perspective view showing means for manually adjusting the pattern
and material or pattern holders vertically, and
Figure 9 is a detail to be hereinafter referred to.
In the drawings, A represents the main frame of the machine which serves to
carry the various shafts and gears, the sliding table and the cutter and guide finger
mechanisms necessarily employed in the construction of my machine. The main
shaft of the machine is shown at 1. On one end of this shaft is mounted the loose
pulley 2 and the two driving pulleys 3, 4. A straight belt and a half-turn beli
run alternately, first on the loose pulley 2 and driver 4, and then on driver 3 and
loose pulley 2, such alternation continuing during the operation of the machine.
In organizing the machine in its present form the pulleys 2, 3 and 4 are each
fourteen inches in diameter.
In proper position on shaft 1 is mounted the four inch gear 5, meshing with the
twenty-four inch gear 6, mounted on shaft 7. On shaft 7 is also rigidly mounted
the four inch gear 8, meshing with the thirteen inch gear 9 on shaft 10. On

page_text: 1
I
shaft 10 is mounted the four inch gear 11 meshing with the ten inch gear 12
mounted on shaft 13. Gear 12 engages the teeth of the rack 14 formed within
the sliding table 15.
From the above described construction it will be seen that if the shaft 1 be
driven at the rate of one hundred and fifty revolutions per minute, the four inch
gear thereon will revolve l'tle twenty four inchgear,) 6, twenty-five times per
minute; the four inch gear 8 on the same shaft with gear 6 will revolve the gear
on shaft 10; seven and seven tenths times per minute the gear 11, also on shaft 10,
will revolve gear 12, ou shaft, 13, three times per minute, and gear 12, engaged with
the rack 14 on table 15, will cause such/table: to advance "at, the rate of ninety-
six iuches per minute, approximately; and when as before stated, the shaft 1 is
caused to alternate in the direction of its revolution, because of the arrangement of
the loose pulley 2 and drivers 3 and 4 and straight and half-turn belts working on
the one or the other.of, the drivers and; on the loose pulley, then the table, 15 will
reciprocate at the rate of speed mentioned, i.e. ninety six inches per minute
approximately. Thus the object of the train of gears described is to transmit the
power required to reciprocate table 15 continually during the operation of the
machine.
Bolted against the side of the main frame A, at B, is the belt shifting device,
consisting of the ways 16, in which is held and slides the piece 17. Formed in the
sliding piece 17 is the flattened U-shaped slot 18, best shown in Figure 1 and
Figure 7. On one end and on the upper surface of piece 17 is formed the lug 19
which is straddled. by the lever 20. 21 and 22 are bell crank shifting levers.
pivoted at their angles and the inner ends of these levers overhang the sliding
piece 17, and are provided with studs projecting downward into the slot 18. The
outer or longer arins of the levers 21 and 22 have studs which upwardly project
into the transverse slots 23 in the blocks 24. Blocks 24 slide on the rods 25
and 26 and have formed on their lower sides projecting prongs or fingers. 27, 27
which reaching downward straddle the belts carried over, the pulleys 2 and 3 when
the table is advancing in one direction and 2 and 4 when retreating. Upon the
lower left hand side of table 15 is formed, or secured the T-rail 28. Adjustably
mounted on the rail 28 are the two strikers 29 and 30. The striker, 29 is so shaped
that when coming in contact with the rocking lever 20, it will strike it at a point
above the centre of the shaft upon which it is mounted. Striker 30 on the other
hand will strike such lever in opposition and below the centre of the shaft upon
which it is held. From the construction above described it will be seen that if
strikers 29 and 30 are securely clamped at any desired point upon rail 28 and the
table.is then caused to move either forward or backward, one or the other of the
strikers will encounter the lever" 20. The momentum of the table 'exerted upon
such lever will cause it to swing on. its shaft and acting on lug 19 formed on
piece 17 cause such piece to slide in the ways 16; when the pièce 17 is moved the
levers 21, 22 will swing upon their pivots. The upward projecting studs of the
levers moving in the slots 23 of the sliding blocks 24, will cause, such blocks to
slide upon
the rods 25, 26 and, as the prongs of blocks 24 straddle the belt
running over the loose pulley 2 and the belt on one of the drivers of shaft 1, these
belts will be shifted., One of these belts being straight and the other crossed, the
strikers 29 and 30 acting upon the lever 20 causes the reciprocating motion of the
table 15. If the strikers are brought toward each other the reciprocative motion
of table 15 will be shorter and if clamped at the extreme ends of rail 28 the
greatest distance of reciprocation is secured.
+
On the top of the reciprocating table 15 are formed the four inwardly, bevelled
1.ways a, a, a, a in which slide the bases of the four standards 31, 32, 33 and 34.
Standards 31 and 32 are rigidly connected by the frame piece 35 and the
standards 33 and 34 are; similarly connected. These standards, so connected,
constitute: frames which are vertical, parallel and face each other and which are
Cadjustable to and from each other along the ways a. The frame upon the left side
of the table carries a pattern holder 36, which is vertically adjustable on and also

page_text: vertically movable with the X-shaped bars 37, one section of which holds said
frame and the other section slides vertically in V-shaped grooves in said standards.
The bars 37 are clamped to the holder by means of the bolts 37, and the vertical
reciprocations of the holder are effected through said bars. The holder, is also
manually adjustable on the bars 37 in order to enable the reproduction of a pattern
wider than the range or cut of the machine. This manual adjustment is effected
by means of the adjusting screw 37 (Figure 8^), which screw: turns in a fixed
nut 37 on frame piece 35. On loosening the clamping bolts 37" the latter may be
raised or lowered to bring a new portion of the pattern or material within range of
the guide fingers and cutters respectively, whereupon the clamping bolts are again
tightened. In this adjustment the point of the screw acts upon a fixed lug 37 on
the bolder but after the adjustment is effected the point of the screw is moved out
of contact with the lug to a suitable distance to permit the automatic vertical
movements of the holder, which will now be described.
. The vertical sliding bars 37 rest with their pointed ends upon the periphery of
the heart shaped cams 38, to the end that when such cams are rotated the holders
will reciprocate vertically. Cams 38 are mounted on the shafts 39, and immediately
back of such cams, are mounted the worm wheels 40, which are engaged by the
worm screws 41, mounted on the shaft 42, said shafts revolving in boxes and the
rotation of the cams 38 being due to the rotation of these shafts. On shaft 42 is
mounted the miter wheel 45, meshing with the miter 46 which has a spline pin in
its hub and the grooved shaft 47 slides. through such hub, the pin thereof sliding in
the groove of the shaft. In order that miter 46 may maintain its position
in relation to miter 45, and still slide over the grooved shaft 47 and during or after
such sliding, still properly revolve shaft 47 and by such rotation communicate
motion to the devices on both right and left standards, the shaft is provided
with the boxes 48, 48, each rigidly projecting, one from the left and the other
from the right standard as shown. The vertical frame, upon the right side of
table 15 is for the purpose of properly holding the material to be operated
upon, and is in all details an exact counterpart of the left side device just
described, with the exception of a ratchet wheel, 54 and pawl 55, held on
shaft 42, on the right side vertical frame (Figure 1) and which is not necessary
on left side vertical frame.
1
On the under side of the bases of each of the vertical frames are formed the
racks b, b, b,.b, the teeth of which project downward. These teeth are engaged
by the pinions c, c, c, e mounted on the shafts 49 and 50. Shafts 49 and 50,
which are held in boxes formed on the side of the reciprocating table 15, carry
on their forward ends the hand wheth 51, 52. When it is found desirable to
change the distance between the faces of the pattern and material holders, this
can be quickly done by loosening the binding screws 53. (Figures 3 and 4), then
loosening the binding bolts in slides a, a, a, a, and turning the hand wheels 51, 52
in the proper direction. As heretofore mentioned, the right hand side vertical
frame has upon its shaft 42 the ratchet wheel 54, flanked and overhung by the
ratchet pawl 55, which ratchet pawl swings on shaft 42, and the teeth thereof
engage the teeth of said ratchet wheel. The pawl, as shown, is composed of two
pieces. The upper one swinging on shaft 42, has lips or lugs 55 on both sides
Fig. 9. The lower, picce fits snugly between such lugs aud can slide therein.
This lower piece has formed upon its lower extremity two lugs 55** which
straddle a canting bar 56 and rides on such canting bar, when the reciprocations
of table, 15 carries the ratchet pawl, of which it forms a part, forward or backward.
The canting bar 56 is stiffly held by its journalled ends in boxes 57, 58. At a
point on its lower edge is formed the downward projecting lug 59, the outer face
of which carries a rounded shoulder 60, (Figures 1 and 4). Enclosing the two
flat sides of lug 59. is the swinging bifurcated lever 61, having on its inner side
the rounded shoulder 62. Lever 61 is rigidly mounted on shaft 63, which shaft as
heretofore mentioned, bas mounted upon its opposite end the lever 20, which
lever 20-is set in motion by the strikers 29, 30, when table 13 reciprocates,
•
La

page_text: From the above described construction it will be seen that if the table 15, with
the devices thereon, is moved forward longitudinally, it will so advance until the
striker 29 encounters the lever 20, causing such lever to swing. In swinging the
lever 20 will cause the shifting device to act whereupon the motion of the table
will be reversed and continue such reversed motion until the striker 30 again
reverses that motion by means of the lever 20. Immediately the first motion of
the lever 20 sets in, the lever 61 on the same shaft is also set in motion and its
rounded shoulder 62 encounters the shoulder 60 on lug 59, forcing such shoulder
backward, thereby canting the bar outwardly. Having canted such bar the
lever 61 swings an additional distance sufficient to clear its lug from the canting
bar lug, whereupon the canting bar will fall into its first position. The return
swing of straddle lever 61 will again cant the bar and allow it to fall, and this
canting outwardly and inwardly will take place at the moment when the reversal of
the sliding motion of table 15 is in process.
As heretofore stated, the lower end of ratchet pawl 55 rides forward and back-
ward over canting bar 56. Its lugs closely fit the sides of said bar. Consequently
when such bar is canted the upper end of the lower section of the pawl will be
thrown outwardly in an arc, thereby elevating the upper section of the pawl in the
manner as shown in Figure 4. The teeth of pawl 55 having previously engaged
the teeth of ratchet wheel 54, the pawl will cause such wheel to rotate. Having
reached its highest elevation the canting bar allows the pawl to drop into its first
position and again engage upon the wheel; and thus during the termination of
every reciprocation of table 15, rotate the shaft 42. This rotation is communicated
by the mechanisin shown and heretofore described to all four of the heart shaped
cams 38, which in turn simultaneously and equally raise the pattern and the
inaterial holders resting upon them step by step at the termination of each recipro-
cating motion of the table 15 carrying them. After thus intermittently elevating
such holders to the height of one and one-half inches, the rotations continuing, said
cams will step by step lower the holders to their starting point.
Upon the driving pulley 64 I mount the long belt 65 which extends upward and
passes over a driving pulley 66 mounted in bearings on the top of auxiliary frame D
which auxiliary frame is formed upon and projects upward from within the main
frame A. In its upward passage the belt 65 passes between the peripheral faces of
a series of spindle rollers 67, (such rollers being one and fifteen thirty-
seconds inches in diameter and held one and one-half inches from centre to centre)
and a series of pressure rollers 68, of the same diameter and same distance between
centres and the centres of such spindle and pressure rollers being on the same
horizontal plane. The several constructions are such that when the shaft 69, upon
which the pulley 64 is mounted, is driven by the belt on the driving pulley 100
(also mounted on shaft 69) at the rate of 625 revolutions per minute, the spindles 71
in the rollers 67 will revolve at the rate of 5000 revolutions per minute. The said
pressure rollers are carried in separate bearings and held together in a housing and
each is adjustable as to the space allowed to the said belt 65; thus the pressure
exerted on each spindle roller can be accurately adjusted by the particular pressure
roller placed longitudinally opposite it.
Passing through the series of rollers 67 are the cutter spindles 71, reciprocal
therein, yet compelled to revolve with the. rollers because of a pin in said rollers
which slides in a groove formed in the spindles. At one end each spindle carries
the chuck head 72 (Figures 1 and 4) which firmly holds a cutting tool. At the
other end spindle 71 has two rigid collars 73, 74. Held between these is the lipped
collar 75. Fitting snugly between the lips of said collar and engaged by a bolt is
the lever 76. Said lever has slotted ends and bolts in the lips engage the slots and
serve as points of leverage. Lever 76 is pivoted on the pivoted arm 77. To the
arm 77 is pivoted an adjusting mechanism composed of the rod 78, the end of
which is threaded and carries the thumb nut 82. Upon the rod is the collar 79,
spiral spring 80, tightly compressed and held between the collar 79 and a rigid
lug 81-formed upon a part of the auxiliary frame D. The purpose of this

page_text: mechanism is to shift the position of the pivotal centre of lever 76 when such
shifting is desirable or necessary, the purpose of which will be hereinafter
described. The end of lever 76, opposite to that end held between the lips of
collar 75, is held in the same manner by a similarly lipped collar 83. Collar 83
passes around guide finger tube 84 and is held thereon with the rigid collar 85 and
finger chuck 86. The shank of chuck 86 is tubular, is threaded on the outside and
is firmly screwed into the guide finger tube 84, and forms a part thereof. The
tubular shank of chuck 86 provides a socket of sufficient length to support the end
of a steel rod 88 when the tube carrying the chuck is either advanced or retracted.
The series of guide finger tubes are held in flexible sleeves 87, which I prefer to
make of soft cast rubber. They are placed in a vertical row as shown, and one and
one half inches from centre to centre. Within the guide finger tube 84 is the
compressed spiral spring 90, carried on the rod 88, which rod forms part of the
adjusting bolt 89 and its forward end passes freely into the chuck head shank. By
means of the adjusting bolt 89, the compression of the spring 90, which is seated at
one end against the inner end of the chuck shank and at its other end in a socket
in adjusting bolt, is regulated, and the guide finger tube projected and held forward
as desired. From the above description it will be seen that the finger tube, chuck,
and finger held in the chuck, form one rigidly joined piece, and that such piece is
projected and held forward by the spiral spring within the tube, in the manner
described. On each side of the guide finger tube or spindle are adjusted the
revolving traction rolls 91, 92, 93 and 94. These rolls are preferably made of hard
wood or raw hide, with a core, the ends of which form journal bearings and are
grooved in a manner that allows of a complete encircling of tube spindle 84 at two
places thereon by the two sets of rollers. The adjustment is such that the surfaces
of the rollers and tubes are almost in contact yet sufficiently distant to permit of a
slight yielding or partial rotation of the guide finger tube about its axis when
pressure is brought to bear upon any side of the guide finger held therein, which
partial rotation I denominate " gyration" and the purpose of this side yielding
partial rotation or gyration is to establish traction contact between the guide finger
tube and the roller when this pressure is exerted. When no pressure is exerted
upon the side of the guide finger the speed of the four rollers will not affect the
tube spindle. The four traction rollers are geared in such a manner that they all
revolve inwardly in a direction from the head of the spindle, the motion of such
gear being due to belt 65 running over pulley 66, the shaft of which pulley is
connected by gear with the gearing of the rollers as shewn. When traction
contact is established between said rollers and tubes the rollers will draw the
spindle tube, chuck and guide finger forming part thereof backwards against the
projecting pressure of spiral spring 90 and this backward motion will be more or
less rapid, depending upon the extent and direction of pressure upon the side of
guide finger. The function of the guide finger is to indicate, and in conjunction
with the pattern employed, to control the depth to which the particular cutter
connected therewith, shall cut into the material worked upon. Its gyratability,
whereby backward motions may be effected, constitutes it a sensitive guide finger
in contradistinction to a rigid point or finger which might. be drawn or lifted over
the inequalities of a pattern by hand, or which if bevelled sufficiently might be
automatically drawn over an undulating surface. The construction and application
of a sensitive guide finger, i.c. a finger so constructed that slight pressure brought
to bear upon its point or side of its rounded end would actuate mechanism which in
turn would control the distance of reciprocation of such a finger in itself, and of a
cutter connected therewith, is disclosed and claimed in United States Patent
No. 456,423, issued to myself and J. P. Bergeron July 21st 1891. These capa-
bilities in a guide finger are due to a construction whereby the finger is susceptible
to pressure exerted against its point; and when such pressure is exerted the finger
will move slightly backward; and when such motion ensues it actuates mechanism
which in turn changes the direction in which such finger and its particular cutter
may have moved immediately preceding the moment of activity of such finger;
.

page_text: '
and during the operation of the machine the distance of reciprocation of its
cutters are under the constant control of said fingers, while I have. in the
invention herein-described enhanced the capacity of the machine described in
said Patent, as well as the quality of work accomplished by it, by, a construction
wherein the sensitiveness of the guide fingers employed is due to the gyra-
tability of such fingers. The fingers, thus constructed may when pressing upon
a plane surface of any pattern become entirely disengaged from the reciprocating
mechanisin, thereby allowing the cutters to work better and smoother; and when
such finger, is, encountered by a slight incline its partial gyration causes the tube,
forming part thereof, to attach itself to the reciprocating, mechanism with
sufficient force to allow, the finger to rise agreeably to such incline, and with
almost insensible reciprocations, the, cutter controlled by the finger rising in the
same manner and constantly cutting, the slightness of reciprocation permitting.
it to cut very smoothly. Finally, when a rectangular projection presses against
the side of the finger its partial gyrative motion will establish an immediate and
firm traction contact with the reciprocating mechanism surrounding the finger tube
whereby such finger and its cutter will instantly rise to the full height of the
rectangular, mass encountered. Thus smoothness of surface, perfect duplication,
and greater capacity are secured...
The essential differences between a sensitive guide finger with a gyratory motion
as. lierein-described and a finger such, as described in said Patent may be summe
up as follows: The latter is for the purpose of governing or controlling distances
of reciprocating of predetermined speed or speeds.. On the other hand, the former
is for the purpose of initiating, effecting and continuing every variation of distance
aud of speed in its own reciprocation, or should the emergency arise cease all
reciprocation and remain extended to the distance allowed of by the pattern
.employed.
..J
The movements in a machine constructed as described are as follows::
First. The projection of a guide finger and a cutting tool toward a pattern and a
workable material.
เ
Second. The movement of a patterii toward a guide finger until the point
thereof rests upon the surface of the deepest depression therein.
Third. The movement of, material toward a cutter, until enough material is
advanced into, the way of travel of cutter to insure a duplication of the highest
parts of a pattern set in opposition thereto.
..
Fourth. A clamping of a pattern and material.in such positions.
Eifth. The rotation of a 'cutter or cutters..
Sixth. A longitudinal reciprocation of the patteru and material..
Seventhi. An intermittent vertical, movement of the same...:
Eighth. An undulating reciprocation of a cutter or cutters and a finger or fingers
when an undulating surface of a pattern is traversed by a guide finger or guide
fingers....f
..
Ninth. A complete cessation of vertical motion when a, guide finger, or fingers
travels over a level plane in a pattern.
Tenth. A partial gyration of a guide finger or guide fingers when encountering. a
. more or less abruptly ascending surface in a pattern followed by.a.more or less
pronounced reciprocation of such finger or fingers.
...
Eleventh. A quick partial gyration when a guide finger or guide fingers encounter
an abrupt projection at an anglei with the line of travel of such finger or, fingers,
and. following thereon a speedy. reciprocation continued until such obstruction.is
passed over.
J
Twelfth A. transverse receding notion of a guide, finger or fingers when
encountering, a rectangular projection squarely in the path of travel, followed. by
an.instantaneous retraction or reciprocation of said finger. or fingers.
J
Thirteenth. A correspondingly greater reciprocation and undulatory movement
of a guide.finger or guide fingers, than of the cutter or cutters connected therewith,
due to a previous adjustment for such particular, effect...
i

page_text: Fourteenth. A correspondingly greater reciprocation or undulatory movement of
a cutter or cutters, also due to a previous adjustment for such particular effect.
The second, third and fourth motions' are effected by hand in order to bring
patterns and material in proper position before starting up the machine, all the
other motions are automatic and due to the power transmitted by the belts and
gears.
"
Fifteenth: A manual adjustment of the pattern and material holders vertically
when it is desired to reproduce a pattern wider than the cut of the machine.
For the purpose of carving or copying a panel one foot wide, six feet long and
one inch deep, the adjustment and operation of the machine is, as follows: From a
power, shaft 'arranged to turn at the proper speed, I pass a straight belt over the
driver 4 on shaft 1, and a half turn or cross belt from the same shaft over the
loose pulley 2 on shaft 1. I then ran back the table 15 until the holders thereon
have passed beyond the vertical series of guide fingers. I turn one of the shafts 42
until the heart shaped cams 38 stand with their points upward, thereby bringing
panel and material holders to their highest altitude: I then fasten on the face of
each of the holders a piece of smooth, planed board in the same 'altitude with
cutters and guide fingers and upon these board's I test the machine after adjustment.
I now fasten in each of the guide tube heads by means of the friction collars 86 a
guide finger. For work of the kind contemplated, such guide fingers are one and
one fourth inches in length, one half inch in diameter and taper to one-sixteenth of
an inch at the point. The point as well as the entire tapered finger is round,
smoothly polislied, and preferably of hardened steel. In the heads of the cutter
spindles are fastened, by means of friction collars 72, the cutters:
These cutters
are in shape counterparts of the guide fingers, but have a cutting alge formed on
their entire length and the points are formed after the manner of a rounded spoon
bit. These cutters and guide fingers are shown as a part of Figure 5. I now set
the belt 65 in motion whereby the traction rollers 91, 92, 93 and 94 are revolved.
I then bring forward the pressure rolls 68, one by one, until such belt is held
against the peripheral faces of the entire series of spindle rolls 67, whereupon the
rolls and the spindles therein will revolve at proper speed. I then turn the
table 15 forward until the testing boards on holders stand opposite the guide fingers
and cutters. Having loosened the binding screws 53 I now bring forward the
faces of testing boards by turning the hand wheels 51 and 52, continuing such
all of the guide fingers and one or all of the cutter
points just touch such
If, because of an irregular length some of the
cutters or fingers should not touch, I then turn the thumb nuts forming part of the
adjusting mechanism of such particular cutter or guide finger, whereby the same
will immediately be brought into line.
forward motion until ones.
I now remove the testing boards and put in their stead the pattern and the
material; run back the sliding table and advance the pattern and the material as
far as the depth of cut to be effected. I then firmly clamp the vertical standards
and also the strikers 29 and 30 in their proper position, which for a pattern of the
size contemplated, would be at the ends of the rail 28. Thus arranged the
adjustments are completed and the machine can be set in motion. The table 15
now reciprocates the length of the pattern; the guide points press upon and travel
in a straight line over the same, the revolving cutters each cut a groove in the
material. In this first travel of the table the guide fingers, chuck and tube will
rise and fall as they pass over the undulations, and the cutters because of their
connections through lever 76 will rise and fall in corresponding undulations. If,
instead of undulating surfaces the fingers encounter more abrupt projections, a
slight side pressure will be exercised on such fingers and a slight or partial
gyration of the fingers, chuck and tube will occur which will be permittel by the
flexible boxes 87 holding the guide tubes. The gyration will press and hold the
guide finger tube in partial traction contact with the revolving rollers 91, 92, 93
and 94, and these will immediately assist in drawing the finger or fingers backward,
thus causing, them to ascend the surface of the pattern, the cutter or cutters

page_text: connected to such finger or fingers rising and falling correspondingly. Should the
fingers in this first travel encounter rectangular projections in the pattern the
effect of gyration and consequent binding on traction rolls will be immediate and
positive and the finger or fingers so encountered will be instantly withdrawn to the
highest point of such projection, the cutter or cutters thereof describing the same
movement. Finally should a finger or fingers travel upon a plane surface there
will be none of the movements just described, the adjustable spring 90 projecting
the finger or fingers continually against such plane surface and the cutter or
cutters will cut to a uniform depth.
At the termination of the first movement of the table just described, the four
cams 38 will be slightly rotated by the pawl 54, allowing the pattern and material
holders to descend one sixty-fourth of an inch, more or less as may be desired,
thus presenting a new profile for the guide fingers to travel upon and cutters to
reproduce. The table now reciprocates and the movement of fingers and
cutters just described is repeated. Thus line after line is cut, each cut
overlapping the preceding cuts repeatedly as the diameter of the points of
cutters are greater than the width of the quantity of material removed. All
parts of the face of the pattern will in regular order be brought in contact
with the ends or sides of guide fingers, and the cutters reproduce all its features.
When the cams 38 have made a one-half rotation the holders will have been
lowered to a distance that will permit each guide finger and cutter to pass over the
first line of travel of the finger or cutter next adjacent thereto when the duplicate
is finished, and requires even in the most artistic work only a little surface finishing
and retouching. After the first adjustment the work of the attendant consists in
keeping the machine supplied with sharp cutters, and with material to be operated
upon. He may attend to a number of the machines. At the speed herein specified,
the maximum capacity of the machine is sixty square feet of artistic carving or
sculpturing per working day of ten hours. If a deeper and bolder duplicate is to be
produced from a shallow cut pattern, which is often desirable, as shallow patterns
can be more cheaply made, it is only necessary to lessen the distance from the
central pivot of lever 76 to the pivot in the lipped collar on guide finger tube 84 by
turning the thumb nuts 82 to the left, or if for any reason a shallower duplicate is
desired, the thumb nuts are to be turned to the right. After adjusting for any
particular depth of cut, the fingers and cutters are brought up to line on the
testing boards in the manner hereinbefore described.
If a pattern. be wider than the cut of the machine the pattern and material
holders may be raised or lowered so as to bring the surfaces not previously acted
upon within the operative range of the machine, and a proper joining of the cut
surfaces may thus be effected.
In the preceding description the term "travelling" of guide fingers has been
employed for sake of brevity. It should however be understood that the guide
fingers and cutters reciprocate from a rigidly fixed frame, the "travelling" motion
being confined to the pattern and the material.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a copying or curving machine, the combination with pattern and material
holders arranged parallel to and facing each other, of cutting and guiding
mechanisms operating conjointly therewith, means for automatically moving said
pattern and material holders longitudinally and vertically, whereby to progressively
present the surfaces of the pattern and material to the guiding and cutting
mechanism and said patterns and material holders being also manually adjustable
in a plane transverse to the line of movement of the cutting and guiding mechanisms
whereby to present new or additional surfaces of the same pattern and material to
the action of the cutting and guiding mechanisms, substantially as described.
2. In a copying or carving machine, the combination with longitudinally and

page_text: vertically reciprocating pattern and material holders arranged parallel to and
facing each other and adjustable to and from each other, of cutting and guiding.
mechanism operating conjointly therewith, said pattern and material holders being.
also adjustable in relation to said cutting and guiding mechanism, substantially as
described.
3. In a copying or carving machine, the combination with a revoluble and
reciprocal cutter, of a reciprocal and gyratory guide finger, substantially as,
described.
4. In a copying or carving machine, the combination with longitudinally and
vertically reciprocating and variably adjustable material and pattern holders, of a
series of revoluble and reciprocal cutters and reciprocal and independently gyratory:
guide fingers connected with the cutters, substantially as described..
5. In a copying or carving machine, the combination with a revoluble and
reciprocal cutter, of a reciprocal and independently gyratory guide finger and a
pivoted adjustable lever forming a connection between said cutter and finger,
substantially as described.
'
6. In a copying or carving machine, the combination with a series of revoluble
and reciprocal cutters, of a series of reciprocal and independently gyratory guide
fingers and pivoted adjustable levers connecting the cutters and fingers, substantially,
as described.
7. In a copying or carving machine, the combination with cutters and guide
fingers connected by pivoted adjustable levers, of mechanism for adjusting said,
levers whereby to change the leverage upon said cutters and fingers, substantially
as described.
8. A copying or carving machine having an independently gyratory and
reciprocal series of guide fingers and a series of revoluble cutters connected.
therewith and controlled thereby, substantially as described.
9. In a copying or carving machine, the combination with a series of revoluble
and reciprocal cutter spindles, of rollers through which such spindles may slide and
be revolved thereby, a series of pressure rollers arranged opposite thereof and a
driving belt held by the pressure rollers in driving contact with the spindle rollers,
substantially as described.
'
10. In a copying or carving machine, the combination with revoluble and
reciprocal cutter spindles, of reciprocal guide fingers, tubes forming part of such,
fingers, lipped collars on the cutter spindles and finger tubes, and levers having
slot and pin connections with said collars, substantially as described.
11. In a copying or carving machine, the combination with cutter spindles and
guide finger tubes, of lipped collars having pins, a lever slotted at its ends and
fitting between the lips on said collars and the pins of said lips engaging the slots
of said lever and providing points of leverage, substantially as described.
12. In a copying or carving machine, the combination with cutter spindles and
guide finger tubes, of lipped collars held thereon, connecting levers movably held
between such lips and arms whereon such levers are pivoted, substantially as
described.
13. In a copying or carving machine, the combination with cutter spindles and
guide finger tubes, of connecting levers between said spindles and tubes, arms to
which said levers are pivoted, said arms being' also pivoted and adjusting rods
pivoted to said arms, substantially as described.
14. In a copying or carving machine, the combination with cutter spindles and
guide finger tubes, of pivoted levers connecting said spindles and tubes, arms to
which said levers are pivoted, rods pivoted to such arms, collars on said rods,
spiral springs having a bearing on the collars and adjusting nuts, substantially as
described.
•
"
15. In a copying or carving machine, the combination with a cutter, of a guide,
finger connected therewith and adapted to control the movements thereof, and a..
spring arranged in connection therewith and adapted to constantly project said
guide finger and thereby the cutter, substantially as described.

page_text: •
16. In a copying or carving machine, the combination with a cutter, of a guide
finger connected therewith and adapted to control the projection thereof into contact
with the work, a spring arranged in connection with the guide finger to constantly
project the latter, and ineans for adjusting the pressure of said spring, substantially
as described.
17. In a copying or carving machine, the combination with a reciprocating and
rotating cutter, of a reciprocating guide finger connected therewith and adapted to
control the movements thereof, and a spring arranged in connection with the guide
finger to constantly project said finger, means for adjusting the tension of said
spring and means for retracting the guide finger, substantially as described.
18. In a copying or carving machine, the combination with a reciprocating and
rotating cutter, of a reciprocating guide finger connected therewith and adapted to
control the movements thereof, a spring arranged in connection with the guide
finger and adapted to constantly project the same, and flexible sleeves forming
bearings for said guide finger whereby it is permitted a gyrating motion, sub-
stantially as described.
19. In a copying or carving machine, the combination with a guide finger and
tube to which said finger is connected, a spiral spring arranged in said tube and
having a bearing thereon and a rod passing through the axis of the spring
and having a sliding bearing in the tube, said rod being adjustable whereby to
tension the spring, substantially as described.
20. In a copying or carving machine, the combination with gyratory guide
fingers, of flexible sleeves forming bearings for said fingers, springs for projecting
the guide fingers and traction rolls for drawing back such fingers after the gyratory
motion sets in, substantially as described.
21. In a copying or carving machine, the combination with a reciprocating
carriage for the pattern and material holders, of mechanism for reciprocating
the carriage, and shifting mechanism for changing the direction of travel of such
carriage, substantially as described.
22. In a copying or carving machine, the combination of a reciprocating
carriage mechanism for reciprocating the same, stops for limiting the travel of
the carriage and a pivoted canting lever for operating the shifting devices of such
carriage, substantially as described.
23. In a copying or carving machine, the combination with a reciprocating
carriage, and driving belts, a shifting mechanism for said belts, stops for operating
said shifting mechanism, said stops being carried by and adjustable on such carriage,
substantially as described.
24. In a copying or carving machine, the combination with a reciprocating
carriage, of sliding and adjustable standards thereon carrying pattern and material
holders and means for sliding and adjusting such standards, substantially as
described.
25. In a copying or carving machine, the combination with a reciprocating
carriage, of adjustable and sliding standards, and pattern and material holders
adjustably mounted on said standards, substantially as described.
26. In a copying or carving machine, the combination with sliding standards,
carrying pattern and material holders, cams on which said standards rest and
means for rotating said cams whereby to move said standards, substantially as
described.
27. In a copying or carving machine, the combination with adjustable and sliding
standards, of cams for moving the standards and worm gearing for moving the
cams, substantially as described.
•
28. In a copying or carving machine, the combination with the reciprocating
carriage, of gearing for moving the carriage, shifting mechanism for the gearing,
sliding standards carrying pattern and material holders, cams for moving the
holders and means controlled by the shifting mechanism for operating said cams at
the end of each reciprocation of the carriage, substantially as described.
29. In a copying or carving machine, the combination with a reciprocating

page_text: carriage, of driving mechanism therefor, a shifting device for the driving
mechanism, vertically movable pattern and material holders and means controlled
by the shifting mechanism for moving the pattern and material holders, substantially
as described.
30. In a copying or carving machine, the combination with a revoluble shaft, of
a ratchet wheel, swinging pawl, and canting bar provided with projecting lug,
substantially as described.
31. In a copying or carving machine, the combination with a revoluble shaft, of a
ratchet wheel, swinging pawl, canting bar and lug, and a pivoted swinging arm
provided with a lug to encounter the lug on said canting bar, substantially as
described.
'
.
32. In a copying or carving machine, the combination with a revoluble can,
of X-shaped bars bearing on said cams and grooved standards in which said bars
slide, substantially as described.
33. In a copying or carving machine, the combination with revoluble cams,
of X-shaped bars resting with one end against the periphery of said cams, and a
table or holder sliding upon such bars and adjustable thereon, substantially as
described.
1 Decembe 1902
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.