CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING OR MANUFACTURING PINS AND STICKING THEM IN PAPER
Year: 1839

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MILES
BERRY, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by IIer
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Second day of December, in the third year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Miles Berry, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said Miles Berry, my executors, administrators, and assigns, and
such others as I, the said Miles Berry, my executors, administrators, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times during the term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Ber-
wick-upon-Tweed, an Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR MAKING OR MANUFACTURING PINS AND STICKING THEM IN PAPER,"
being a communication from a foreigner residing abroad; in which said Letters
Patent is contained a proviso, obliging me, the said Milės Berry, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, and to cause the same to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same,
reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Miles Berry, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Javention, and the

page_text: manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following description thereof (reference being
had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon, that is to say):
These improvements in machinery or apparatus for making or manu-
facturing pins apply in the first place to that kind or description of pins called
solid-headed pins, or those in which the head is formed by a part...of the same
metal as the shaft, and consists in improved arrangements and constructions of
machinery or apparatus for performing the several operations.
First, of feeding in or conducting the wire into the machine and straighten-
ing it, and cutting off the required portion to form each pin from the length or
bundle, then partially heading the same by compressing the end of the wire by
means of punches into suitable recesses or cups formed in dies.
Second, in selecting the headed shafts from a hopper, and conducting them
from the promiscuous mass or heap, and guiding them into the several different
machines for annealing the partially formed heads, for completing or finishing
the heads, either by further upsetting the end of the wire or by removing the
burrs or rough parts from the same, and for forming the points, and lastly to
the machine for sticking finished pins into paper.
Third, annealing the imperfect pins partially headed, and bringing them to
the proper temper or state for further working.
Fourthly, for completing the upsetting or forming of the head by another
machine of the same kind as the first header, furnished with suitable dies or
recesses.
Fifthly, in completely finishing the heads in another machine by the use of
moving cutters, as file wheels or tools, hereafter described, when the annealing
process has or has not been used, or both processes may be used conjointly,
and also pointing the pins in the same machine, by removing a portion of the
wire at the reverse end, which is done by suitable file wheels, laps, or "mills'
revolving rapidly and acting upon a number of pins at one time.
"
And, lastly, in improved machinery or apparatus for sticking pins having
solid or spun wire heads into paper as usually sold as an article of commerce.
All of which improvements will be better understood by reference to the
accompanying Drawings and following description thereof (that is to say) :-
Fig. 1 (Sheet 1) is a side elevation of the machine for drawing in the wire,
cutting off the required length, and partially heading the same. Fig. 2 is a plan
view, shewing more clearly the straightening or draw plate. Fig. 3 (Sheet 2)
is a vertical section taken longitudinally through the machine in the line a, b,
(Fig. 2). Fig. 4, (Sheet 2) is a transverse vertical section of the same taken in

page_text: the line c, d, (Fig. 2.) A, A, are the standards and framework of the machine;
B, the main shaft, which actuates the various working parts of the machanism,
receiving its motion from the driving shaft C by means of toothed gear, the
shaft C being driven by hand or any suitable motive power. This machine is
shown in the Drawings as constructed and arranged to work two sets of
mechanism at one time, that is, to make pins from two hanks or bundles of
wire consequently there are two pairs of drawing-in rollers and two heading
dies which work in conjunction with one heading punch, the one die being
under the operation of heading while the other is getting rid of its partially
beaded pin and receiving a fresh portion of wire to form another pin, which
will next come under the operation of the punch. D, D, are the hanks or
bundles of wire, placed upon wheels or revolving drums at any suitable distanco
from the machine; e is the straightening plate, constructed like an ordinary
wireworker's draw plate for taking out the curve of the hanks of wire, tho
length of wire being passed between two sets of adjustable pins or studs in the
ordinary manner as it is drawn into the machine. The drawing-in of the wire
into the machine is effected by the pairs of grooved rollers F and F*, which
belong to the two heading dies G and G, and by pressing upon and laying
hold of the length of wire after the manner of a continuous pair of pincers,
cause the wire to be drawn forward off the reel into the machine, where the
proper length is cut off to form the pin. Interrupted rotary motion is given to
these feeding wheels, according to the length of wire required to form the pin,
by means of ratchet wheels a and b, actuated by palls c and d, connected to
a sliding bar e, moving in suitable bearings in the framework. This sliding bar
is put in motion by the wiper or taffet f on the main shaft B, acting within
the hollow part of the rocking lever g, the lower end of which has its fulcrum
on the framework, and the upper end acts within the slot h of the rod e, and
according to the shape or figure of the hollow part of the lever g and tho
tappet f, so will be the motion of the sliding rod. The ratchet wheel a is
fixed upon its shaft, and belongs to the feeding-in roller F*, which is
mounted upon the same shaft; the ratchet wheel b belongs to the feeding-in
wheel F, and both of the wheels F and 6 are mounted on a hollow axis or
tube turning upon the shaft of the other wheel, and therefore both the pairs of
feeding-in wheels F and F are independent of each other's motion, and
by the palls c and d acting on the different ratchet wheels cause them to
move alternately at interrupted periods. And as it is requisite that the feeding-
in wheels should be retained securely and quiescent while the operations of
cutting off the wire and moving the dies are going on, they are secured by the
retaining palls i, j, which take into recesses or notches in the ratchet wheels.
9

page_text: These palls are retained by springs, as shewn in the Drawings; and as it is
necessary to release the wheel by removing them out of the notches, and from
holding the same, the following mechanism is used:-On the main shaft B is
placed the tappet or wiper k, which acts within the hollow of the rod, one
end of which slides through a guide on the frame, and the other is connected
to the lever m, baving its fulcrum at the lower end, on an arm extending
from the standard or framework; the other end of this lever is connected by
means of a bridle piece to the bent lever n, which has its fulcrum on a short
horizontal shaft mounted in the piece o. The other end of this lever n has
two arms on its fulcrum, one of which acts upon the palli and the other upon
the pall j, and these come into action at the required time, so as to lift the
palls i, j, out of the recesses of the ratchet wheels a and b at the proper
intervals, and thus release them, so as to allow of their being acted upon by
the other palls c, d; the shape or figure of the hollow in the rod 7 and the
tappet or wiper k determining the periods at which the parts shall come into
operation. The end of the lengths of wire being thus fed or brought into the
machine, it may (by way of explanation) be supposed that the various working
parts are in the situation shewn in the Drawings, (that is,) with the end
of the length of wire brought or fed into the heading die G", and after the
required length has been cut off from the piece brought opposite the
heading punch H, which, as before stated, acts in conjunction with both the
dies. This cutting-off of the required length of wire and carrying it opposite
to the punch is effected in the following manner:-Supposing the heading
dies G* to be opposite to the end of the length of wire, as at p, Figs. 2 and 4,
the two chaps or parts of the dies will then be open ready to receive the end
of the piece of wire, which is protruded by means of the feeding-in wheels F*
before named through the hole in the stationary steel plate q* (or counter
cutter at the back of the die); the dies then close upon the wire, this being
caused by the cam r on the main shaft coming into operation upon the tappet
or roller on the end of the rocking lever s. This lever has its fulcrum in
suitable bearings in the framework, and its other end is connected by the
bridle piece t to the transverse lever u, which has its fulcrum also in suitable
bearings in the framing. This lever u acts upon both pair of dies G and G,
that is, to open and close them at the required periods. This is effected by
means of the connecting links v*, v, attached to the lever and to the toggle-jointed
levers w*, w, (see Fig. 4,) one of the ends of which is connected to the sliding
frame, and the other ends each to one half or part of the dies G and G, as
shewn in the Figures. It will thus be seen that the movements of the lever s
actuated by the cam r will cause the chaps or holders of the heading dies G

page_text: and G to open and close according to the movements of the levers, one pair of
dies being open and delivering its pin, while the other is closed upon its
portion of wire, and the head is being formed. It is now necessary to describo
the mode of cutting off the portion of the wire required to form the pin, and
bringing it opposite the heading punch. After the dies (either G* or G), say
G*, have closed upon the wire, the sliding frame I, containing the two heading
dies, is moved transversely across the machine and in the direction of the
arrow, and thereby cut off the portion of the wire from the length. This
operation is effected by the cam K on the main shaft coming into operation on
the tappet or roller at one end of the lever y, which has its fulcrum in proper
bearings like the lever s.. The other end of this lever is connected by a bridle
piece to the bent or bell-crank. lever z, which is attached at its other end ta
the sliding frame I containing the heading dies, and thus by the movements of
the cam K and lever z the sliding frame with the dies. are alternately moved
forward or backward transversely across the machine, and thereby cut off the
portion of wire fed into the dies after they have closed upon it, and then carry
it to the proper situation opposite the heading punch, this being done by the
transverse movement of the sliding frame as regards both dies, they being
alternately brought under the operation of the heading punch as the sliding
frame moves backwards and forwards, and brings the portion of wire opposite
the end. of the punch. The upsetting or heading the pin is effected by the
following means:-Om the main shaft B is mounted the double can or tappet
N, which acts upon the toggle-jointed levers 0, 0, one end of which is con-
nected to the framework, and the other to the sliding piece P, moving in
suitable guides in the framing. To this sliding piece is connected the heading
punch H, which is formed of two. parts, the actual heading punch 1 and the
receiving piece 2, having a recess formed in it that encloses the portion of wire
intended to form the head of the pin while the operation is going on, and the
end of the wire is being compressed into the countersunk in. the heading dies,
the piece 2 being allowed to remain quiescent when it has come against the
face of the dies, while the punch is protruded forwards to compress the end
of the wire into the recess, the coiled spring 3 giving way, and thus thrusting
the piece 2 forward after the heading bas taken place. This arrangement will
be readily seen on inspection of Fig. 3. In order to cause the tappet or cam
N and the toggle-jointed levers O to work properly together, and that the
latter may be brought back and the heading punch returned, the following
mechanism is adapted and applied to this machine, although this peculiar
arrangement is not absolutely necessary for its working. Q is a piece of metal
connected to the middle joints of the levers O, having a peculiarly formed

page_text: curved surface upon it, which is acted upon and comes into contact with the
ends of the tappets or cams N as they pass round. This piece Q is connected to a
bridle piece 4, having antifriction rollers upon its joint piece, working in grooves.
in the stationary part 5 attached to the framework. The piece 4 is connected
to the piece 6, which is again jointed to the upper end of the rocking bever 7,
which has its fulcrum at 8 below. 9, 9, are spring guides, and serve to prevent
jar in the working of the machine; 10 is a piece of wood or other soft material
placed in a hollow part of the lever 7 for the same purpose. The tappets on
the cam Nas they revolve alternately act first upon the piece Q, and by forcing
up the toggle joints O thrust the punch forward, and effect the heading of the
pin by compressing the end or portion of the wire into the cup, and the next
tappet N coming into contact with the lever 7 (at 10) forces it back again,
and bringing down the toggle joints, consequently draws back the heading
punch. It will be understood, that as each pair of dies open, the feeding-in
of the next length of wire will push out of the die the now partially headed
pins, which are delivered into any proper receptacle placed to receive them,
and that as they act in the process of heading at alternate periods, the one will
be receiving its length of wire, while the other is heading that already introduced
into it, which has been cut off and is being headed, which die will in its turn
open and release the headed pin, and then receive the next portion of wire,
while the other die, having closed upon the wire and cut off the length, is
heading its pin, all of which will be understood by the accompanying Drawings,
which are made from actual working machines. I will here state that the
heads of the pins may be fully formed in this machine, that is, a sufficient
quantity of wire compressed into the heading dies to form the complete head
without any further operation of punches and dies, and in this case the dressing
and finishing machine to which they are afterwards subjected will remove any
burr or feather edge on the head, and thus make a perfect or complete formed
head. And I will proceed to describe the further mechanism as if this was
the case, only remarking that this machine may be used for the purpose of
only partially heading or upsetting the end of the piece of wire, which may
afterwards be subjected to the process of annealing, and a second heading
process or machine, so as to complete the head in a second pair of dies in
another machine, as herein-after described.
Having shewn the method of heading the pin shafts in this improved
machine, I proceed to describe the means by which these headed shafts are
conducted from a promiscuous heap in a hopper, and brought in consecutive
succession to be operated upon by the next machine for finishing the heads
aud pointing the ends of the shafts.

page_text: Fig. 1 (Sheet 3) is a plan view of the complete machine for misning the
heads of the pins as previously prepared by the former machine, also for
making or forming the point on the shaft. The headed pin shafts are placed
in a hopper, and are severally discharged from thence into a groove or passage
below, and conducted in consecutive order for the purpose of receiving. the
subsequent operations. This machine removes any burr or feather edge on the
head (which may have been left in the process of upsetting the wire) by means
of file-cut tools or cutters, and. forms the point by removing a portion of the
wire by means of a rotary lap or file wheel; Fig. 2 is a side view or elevation
of the same; Fig. 3 is an end view; and Fig. 4, a longitudinal section. taken
vertically through the machine in the line a, b, Fig. 1; Fig. 5 (Sheet 4) is a
vertical section.of the machine taken in a transverse direction to Fig. 4 (or in
the line c, d, Fig. 1), to shew the mechanism for: feeding in the headed shafts ;
Fig: 6 is a vertical section of the feeding apparatus detached from the machine,
taken in the line e, f, Fig. 1, and drawn on an enlarged scale; Fig. 7
(Sheet 5) is a plan view of a part of the machine (that is, the working parts):
for conducting in the shafts and completing the heads; and Fig. 8 is a partial
vertical section of the same on an enlarged scale, to shew the finishing
apparatus inore clearly;. Fig. 9 is a plan; and Fig. 10 a face view of the spring
plates used for forcing the shafts of the pins against the periphery of the large
carrier wheel. D, shewing more clearly the number of heads under the operation
of finishing at one time as they are moved past the file wheel and tools, which
take off the burrs or rough part from the heads; Fig. 11 is another horizontal
section, shewing a different arrangement of plates for pressing the shafts up to
the carrier wheel, and Fig. 12 and 18 are partial sections of the same. The
headed shafts of the pins are taken as they come from the former machine, and
placed in a hopper or receiver attached to the finishing machine, wherein the
operations of finishing the heads and pointing the shafts are performed. The
headed pin shafts are placed in the hopper A in a promiscuous heap and certain
of thein selected or separated from the mass and brought into the feeding-in
channel by the following mechanism :-B, B, is the feeding apparatus; C, the
groove or channel by which the pin shafts are conducted from the hopper to the
machine; D is the carrier wheel for conducting the pins through the machine;
E is a rotary cutter or file wheel for removing the burr or feather edge off
the head, and cleaning the top of it; F is the curved file-edged tool for
removing any burr or feather on the under side of the head; G are the set of
plates for keeping the pin shafts in contact with the carrier wheel and the:
pointing lap H, which removes a portion of the end of the wire, and forms the
point of the pin. These plates are held up against the pins by a piece of cork

page_text: or other elastic material placed behind them; I is the platform or table
containing the several parts or mechanism for finishing the head; A is the
hopper placed above the machine, and supported upon brackets extending
from the framework. Into this hopper the headed pin shafts are thrown in a
promiscuous heap. The lower part of the hopper being open, the pin shafts
fall on to the periphery of two drums B, B, (with which the hopper is nearly
in contact,) and slide down into the contracted space between the two drums,
as may be seen in the sections of the drums and the hopper shewn at Figures
5 and 6. In this contracted passage two thin strips of plate metal a, a, are
placed horizontally, forming a narrow groove or guide between them, into
which the shafts of the pins fall and hang down, the under sides of their beads
resting upon the edges of the plates, as shewn in Fig. 6. Such, however, of
the shafts as do not come down perpendicularly are prevented by the breadth
of their heads from falling into the groove, and lay crosswise upon the top edge
of the guide plates a, a. In order, therefore, to bring them all into perpendicular
positions, spring lifters b, b, connected to the drums, are at the proper times
projected into the contracted passage under the hopper and above the guide
groove, and as the drums revolve these spring lifters raise up the shafts which
have not placed themselves into the groove holding them by the under parts of
their heads, and then let them fall, in order that they may pass perpendicularly
into the groove.
Other spring lifters or agitators 6*, 6, or points projecting
through the periphery of the drums, serve to stir up the mass of pin shafts in
the hopper, and facilitate their falling into the groove. The rotary motion of
the drums is effected by a train of toothed gear, actuated from the main driving
shaft of the machine, and the drums are made to revolve together very slowly,
but simultaneously, by a rim of teeth on their edges, which take into a trained
toothed pinions connecting them together, as shewn in the Drawings. The
means by which the spring lifters b, b, are made to act at the proper periods,
will be understood by examining their construction, and the forms of the cam
rings c, c, shewn best in Fig. 6, but also represented in their proper situations
in the several other machines. The spring lifters 6 are straight rods placed in
longitudinal ranges within the drums, standing in nearly radial positions.
They are supported by brackets d in which they slide, and their outer ends are
flattened, and each set are protruded through a narrow slot or opening.
extending nearly across the periphery of the drums, and having helical springs
to project them outward. The hinder parts of each of the rods are confined
by bosses or heads bearing against the backs of bars e, which bars earry small
rollers at their ends, and these rollers, as the drum goes round, act against the
internal periphery of stationary cam rings c, c, affixed to the framework.

page_text: These cam rings will be best seen in Figures 6 and 2. The greater portion
of the internal periphery of each of the fixed cam rings is circular, and stands
concentric with the axis of the drum, but it will be seen that a part of the ring
has an enlarged diameter. When the roller e is running round the circular or
smaller radius of the ring, the sliding rods b, b, are kept back, but when the
roller comes to the enlarged part of the diameter of the ring, the force of the
springs project the sliding rods through the opening in the drum, which takes
place, as the drum revolves, at the instant that the opening in the drum has
passed above the edge of the guide plates or groove a, a. The thin flattened
ends of the sliding bars 6 in both drums are thus at the same time brought
under the hopper, and project towards each other, and lift the pin shafts which
have not fallen into the groove a, a, and as the drums proceed in their rotary
progress the series of bars or risers b, b, lift the pin shafts up a little distance,
and when the smaller radius of the rings acting upon the rollers draw the
sliding bars 6 back again, the pin shafts are let fall, and many of them drop
perpendicularly into the groove a, a, below. The spring agitators 6*, 6*, are
constructed with springs, and as they come against the guide pieces a, a, are
pushed inwards, and as soon as they pass these parts they are protruded
outwards by their springs amongst the mass of pin shafts, and cause them to
be stirred then, thus assisting them to fall into the groove a, a.
The groove
or guide passage a, a, with the pins in it, is represented in Figures 5 and 6,
where it will be seen that the thin strips or plates which form the groove are
curved downwards for the purpose of leading the pins in consecutive succession
into a situation to be taken hold of by other mechanism for submitting them
to the subsequent operations. It remains only to say, in reference to the
mode of conducting the pin shafts from the hopper through the groove or guide
passage, that when they are placed in the groove under the hopper by the
means above described, they are to be driven laterally from under the hopper
into the curved part of the grooved passage C, shewn in Fig. 5, which is
effected by the following means:-A sliding rod or plate f is placed in the
end of the groove, which being moved inwards at stated periods drives all the
pin shafts before it from that part of the groove which is beneath the hopper
into the curved passage C, and after its return leaving the part of the groove
under the hopper free to receive a fresh supply. The sliding rod f is placed
in proper guides, and its movements are effected by the following means:-1 is
a cam placed on the side of one of the driving wheels of the drums of the
feeding apparatus; this cam acts sideways on an arm 2, extending from the
sliding rod 3, mounted in bearings; 4 is a coiled spring for forcing the pusher
into the machine, and thrusting all the pins which are within the channel a into

page_text: the curved guide C. The cam 1 keeps the pusher out of the guide at all times;
but when the recess in its edge comes against the arm 2, and the channel is
thus free to receive the pins as they enter point downwards; but when, by the
rotation of the cam the recess comes into contact with the arm 2, then the
spring 4 is at liberty to bring forward the pusher and thrust the pins out of the
channel a into the curved guide C, the next raised. part of the cam as it
revolves withdrawing it by forcing outwards the arm 2 of the rod 3, which
rod, being connected with the link piece 5. to the lever 6, gives the required
movements to the pusher. The mode of conducting the headed pin shafts
from the hopper, and passing them in consecutive succession through a grooved
passage, having been explained, I proceed to shew the means by which the
heads of the pins are completed and the points formed. The pin. shafts pass
down the inclined grooved channel until they arrive at the bottom, when they
are presented to the further operations of the machine. When a number of
pin shafts have been made to move along the groove, and they are brought
into the situation at 7 (see Fig. 7), when the carrier wheel D comes into con-
tact with the pins and conducts them forward past the file-cut wheel E and
file tool F, motion is given to this machine through the riggers or pulleys 8
on the shaft 9 by any rotary first mover. This shaft is mounted in proper
bearings, and has at its other end the pinion 10, which takes into gear with the
toothed wheel 11 on the shaft 12, also mounted in proper bearings. Upon
this shaft is placed the worm screw 13, working into the teeth of the worm
wheel 14, mounted on the vertical shaft 15 of the carrier wheel D, and is
supported by proper bearings and brackets from the framework, as shewn in
the Drawings. By these means slow rotary motion is given to the carrier
wheel. The periphery or edge of the carriage wheel is roughed or milled; so
that it may more securely take hold upon the pin shafts, and as it moves
around past the end of the horizontal grooved channel, it causes the pin shafts
to move along with it, they rolling along the surface of the edges of the elastic
plates G and past the rotary file wheel E, which, as the heads of the pins come
successively under its operation, removes the burr or rough parts therefrom.
This rotary file wheel is put in motion by means of bands or straps from the
shaft of the rotary lap or cutter H, which points the pins, and as both these
parts receive motion from the first shaft, I will proceed to shew how these
mechanical agents are put in motion. On the main shaft 9 is placed the
rigger 16, which by means of the strap 17 gives motion to the rigger 18 on
the stud shaft 19; on this stud shaft is also placed the rigger 20, carrying the
band or strap 21 to the pulley 22 on the shaft 23 of the lap or pointing tool
H; and as the pin shafts are moved past its surface by means of the carrier

page_text: wheel, the lap removes the part of the wire, and forms the point. Upon the
shaft 23 of the lap H is placed the pulley 24, which carries the band 25 to
the loose rigger 26, placed on the short arm or shaft 27. From this rigger
is passed the band 28, which gives motion to a small pulley 29 on the
vertical shaft 30, mounted in the framing 31, attached to the main
framework. On the shaft 30 is also mounted the pulley 32, carrying a band
33 to the pulley 34, mounted on the axis of the rotary file wheel E. This shaft
lies mounted in proper bearings in a bracket arm on the platform or table I of
the plates G. Thus rotary motion is given both to the lap II and file wheel E.
The file tool F for finishing the under side of the head has a reciprocating
sliding motion given to it by the following means:-On the first shaft 9 is
placed the pulley 35, carrying a band 36 to the pulley 37 on the shaft 38,
mounted in proper bearings in the framework 39, and on the upper end of this
small shaft is placed an excentric 40, embraced by a ring 41, connected to a
rod 42 attached at the other end to the file tool F. The excentric being by
these means caused to revolve, it will by the rod 42 give the required reci-
procating or filing motion to the tool F, it being kept in its proper position,
pressing edgeways up against the heads of the pins by means of springs 43,
and by other springs 44 is kept down upon its bed plate. In order to remove
any very rough parts of the heads of the pins previous to the same passing
under the rotatory file wheel E, the following mechanical agent may be
employed-45 (Figures 7 and 8) is a small steel drum or file-cut wheel,
placed on a shaft 46, turning in proper bearings, and placed across the plat-
form I. This file-cut drum is placed so as to act upon the upper part of the
head, and its shaft is turned by means of a band 47, passed from the loose
pulley 26 on the shaft 27 (Fig. 1) on to another pulley 48 on the shaft 46 of
the file-cut drum 45, and thereby rotatory motion is communicated to it.
The finished pins, after passing through the several operations, are delivered
out from between the carrier wheel and the spring plates, when they will fall
into a receptacle placed to receive them, whence they may be removed and
passed through the ordinary scouring and whitening or turning process, ready
for being stuck into paper for sale, either by hand or by the machinery herein-
after described. The improved arrangements and constructions of machinery
or apparatus for annealing the partially headed pins is shewn in Sheets 6 and 7.
Fig. 1 is a plan view of the machine for conducting the partially headed pins
through the annealing process, whereby a part only of the shaft, that is, the
upper or head part, is subjected to the action of heat, while the lower or point
end is kept cool, and from which machine the pins are passed by grooved
channels to a second machine, where the finishing or completing the upsetting

page_text: or heading process is performed. Fig. 2, Sheet 7, is a partial vertical section
of the same.
In this machine the same kind of feeding-in apparatus is used
as in the former machines, that is, the hopper A and rotary drums B, with the
spring lifters and agitators and channel a, a, as before described, and the
headed pin shafts are thrust out of the channel after the same manner by the
pusher finto a guide channel 1, one end of which is placed opposite the guide
channel a, where it has a hinge joint 2 for allowing its other or delivering end
to move a short distance sideways, so as to feed into two other channels 3 and
4, leading to the two set of finishing heading dies G* and G. The pins fall
by their gravity down the curved channels 1, 3, and 4, and are carried by an.
endless chain ladder 5 from the lower ends of these channels over an arched
channel 6 to the heading dies. The shifting sideway motion of the channel I
from one channel 3 or 4 to the other is effected by the following mechanism :-
On the shaft of one of the feeding drums B is mounted the cam wheel 7,
which acts at the required periods upon the antifriction roller 8 on the arm
of the bent or bell crank lever 9, having its fulcrum on a part of the-frame-
work. The other end of this lever is connected by the link 10 to the channel
1, and as the cam revolves the steps or projections on its side cause the lever
to be moved, and consequently the channel to be shifted alternately opposite
the passages 3 or 4. The pin shafts having arrived at the bottom of the
inclined channels 3 or 4, they pass along these continuous channels, which
extend to other curved channels 6, 6. The pins are carried forward by the cross
bars 11, 11, of the endless chain ladder 5, until they arrive at the top part
or arch of the channels 6. The endless chain is formed like an elastic or rope
ladder, the bars of which coming into contact with the heads of the pins carry
them forward along the grooves up the inclined part of the channels 6, 6, and
leave them at the top part free to fall down the vertical channel 12, 12. The
endless ladder chain is passed over guide rollers 13*, 13, 13, placed on axles
in the frame, and is actuated by a rigger 14 on the shaft of the rolls 13*,
which rigger is driven by a band 15 passing from a pulley 16 on the driving
shaft 17, actuated by any moving power; on this shaft is mounted the pinion
This shaft carries the
18, taking into a spur wheel 19 on the shaft 20.
various cams for actuating the other parts of the machinery. 21, 21, is a tube,
supplied with from
gas
convenient source, which, issuing through apertures
in the tube and being ignited, heats the heads or upper parts of the pin shafts
as they are carried along through the frame by the endless ladder chain, their
other parts being immersed in water, or oil, or other cooling medium contained
in the tank or vessel 22, 22. By this process the heads or upper parts of the
pin shafts, which have been compressed or hardened in the dies, will become
any

page_text: annealed or softened, while the points or shafts are kept at their original
temper. The two heading dies are actuated in the same manner as in the
former machines, that is, moved transversely and alternately from opposite the
ends of one or other of the channels 12, 12, to a situation opposite the heading
punch. This is effected by the lever 23, which is put in motion by a cam on
the shaft, as in the former instance, and therefore need not be described. The
Leading punch is also put in motion by means of a cam on the shaft 20
acting upon the toggle-jointed levers 24, which are connected to the sliding
piece 25 attached to the punch 26, as in the former heading machine, and by
alternately coming in contact with the end of the head of the pins, either one
or other of the dies effects the complete heading; and as the pins are fed
into the dies point forward, it is requisite that they be first thrust into the dies,
and then forced out after heading, and between these operations the dies move
from the ends of the channels 12 to opposite the punch, and as the ends of
the channels must be out of the way of the pin when the discharging pusher
is thrusting it out of the die, the ends of the channels 12 have a sideway
motion given to them. This is effected by the lower part of the channels
having a hinge joint at 27; this will allow of the discharging ends being
removed a short distance sideways; this is effected by means of the two cams
28 and 29 on the shaft 20 acting at the required intervals on the antifriction
rollers on the ends of the levers 30 and 31, having their fulcrums at 32, 33;
the other end of these levers are connected by links 34 and 35 to the two
moveable ends of the channel 12, 12, and as they are caused to move to and
fro, will bring the discharging ends of the channel alternately opposite the ends
of the respective heading dies, and thereby be moved sideways a short distance
out of the way, when the dies return to their former position, so as to allow of
the now hended pin being thrust out of the dies by the discharging pusher.
The mechanism by which the pin shafts are received from the groove channel
and are carried into the dies is as follows:-The pins, after passing over the
arched channel, fall separately on to a stationary plate or bed 36, having a
slight groove in it to receive the pin shaft, where it is left during the sideway
motion of the ends of the groove, the other pins in the channels being held up
by a small knife-edged wedge piece 37 placed over the stationary part of the
table or bed. This piece 37 separates the lowest pin from the upper ones by
its protruding into the groove between the two lowest pins, thrusting the top
ones up, and leaving the lower ones down in its place ready to be acted upon
by the rod 38, which forces the pins into the dies, ready to be carried by their
lateral movement opposite the heading punch. The thrusting-in movement of
the pin into the dies, as well as the discharging apparatus, is effected in the

page_text: following manner :-39 and 40 are two cams placed upon the shaft 20, which
act upon the two rocking levers 41 and 42, having their fulcrums at the
bottom parts. These levers have inclined planes 43, 44, which are acted upon
by the cams, which, as they revolve, force the levers away from them, the
levers being returned by the springs 45, 46, pressing against them. The
upper ends of the levers are connected by slot joints to the sliding horizontal
bars 47, 48, passing through fixed guides on the framework. These slides
carry the arms 49 and 50, to which are attached the points or pushers 38, 38*,
for the purpose of thrusting the pin shafts out of the bed 36 into the dies,
when they will carry them to the operation of the punch, and on their return
the other or discharging pushers 51 and 52, attached to the arms 53 and 54,
affixed to the sliding bars 47 and 48, will thrust the now headed pins out of the
dies, when they are free to fall away into any receptacle placed below. This
latter movement of the discharging pushers 51 and 52 is effected by the springs
45, 46, the cam in its rotation having moved them in the reverse direction.
It may here be observed, that there are two sets of channels and heading dies
shewn in this machine, but only one heading die may be used in connection
with one punch, and in this case only one channel will be required.
Having described the arrangements and constructions of machinery for
heading and pointing the solid-headed pins, I will now proceed to describe the
arrangements of machinery or apparatus by which finished pins, with either
solid or spun heads, are taken from a promiscuous heap in a hopper, and stuck
into paper ready to be sold as an article of commerce. The finished pins are
placed in a hopper, as in the former machines, and are conducted into and
received by the grooved channel through the same mechanical agents as
before described; and in this machine (as in the former) all the pins that have
not fallen within the groove a at the bottom of the hopper require to be lifted
out of the way of the pusher, which acts at intervals only, and therefore an
interrupted rotary motion is given to the feeding wheels or drums, they
remaining stationary, while the slider or pusher is advanced into the machine,
and forcing the pins out of the grooves a, a, into the curved channel, and
returns in order to let a fresh lot of pins fall into it, the spring clearers holding
up the whole mass of pins from the grooved channel a, a, while the pusher is
in operation. Fig. 1, Sheet 8, is a plan view of this machine complete;
Fig. 2 (Sheet 9) is a side elevation, and Fig. 3 (Sheet 10) is a vertical
section, taken longitudinally through the machine (in the line a, b, in Fig. 1),
the two chaps or jaws for crimping the paper being shewn open or apart from
each other, a portion of a row of pins being held in the carrier plate. Fig. 4
(Sheet 11) is a detached plan view of the parts of the machine for crimping

page_text: the paper, and bringing it up to the pins as they are held in the carrier plate,
the pins being stationary, while the crimped part of the length of paper is
brought up to the pins and forced upon them. Fig. 5 is a section of the same,
the two jaws or parts being open. Fig. 6 is another section, shewing how the
pins pass from the inclined channel into the notches or holders of the sliding
carrier plate. Fig. 7 is another section, shewing the pins in the holder or
feeding plate, which are held securely therein by another holder while the
sticking of the pins in the paper is effected. Fig. 8 is a partial section, shewing
the two parts or jaws brought together or closed, the paper being crimped
between them, and carried up on to the pins, the paper being forced on them
as they are held in the carrier. A is the hopper; B, B, the feeding-in apparatus,
cylinders or drums furnished with spring lifters and agitators, as in the former
machine, and also a pusher to force the pins from the groove a, a, between
the cylinders into the curved groove or guide C, which conducts the pins from
the hopper to the sliding carrier plate D, this latter part being furnished with
notches or countersunk recesses on its edge to receive the pins. These notches
on the edge of the plate, as they pass the end of the groove C, receive each a
pin, and carry them in rows over the paper in which they are to be stuck, and
by the assistance of another bar they are held steady while the paper is forced
on them. E is one part of the jaws of the crimping and sticking apparatus,
and F is the other part. These two pieces are furnished with projecting
ledges, those of one part taking into the spaces between those of the other, as
will be seen by the sections, Figs. 3 and 4, and these ledges have corresponding
notches, answering to those of the carrier plate, in order to allow the pins to
pass through them when they are stuck in the paper. The length of paper is
passed between the two parts or jaws; consequently, as they come together and
close, it is made to pass into these spaces and becomes crimped. The paper is
wound in any length upon the loose drum or roller G, placed in any convenient
situation, and is passed through the machine, as shewn by the red lines. H, H,
are guide rollers, and I, K, drawing-off rollers, which, by pressing or pinching
upon the paper (and pins after they have been stuck), draws it through the
machine, and delivers the papers of pins into any suitable receptacle placed to
receive them; these drawing-off rollers having an interrupted rotary motion
given to them according to the quantity of paper required to be drawn in to
receive the rows of pins, and in proper portions for the required folds when
the paper of pins is folded up, and the diameter of the spaces in the periphery;
and the interrupted motion of the drawing-off rollers must be varied according
to the length of the pins being stuck by the machine. This interrupted rotary
motion of the rollers is effected in the following manner:-The first or main

page_text: driving shaft M is actuated by any rotary power communicated to the riggers
on its end; it is mounted in proper bearings in the framework, and carries the
pinion 1, which takes into a toothed wheel 2 on the main cam shaft N, ex-
tending across the machine and secured in plummer boxes. On this cam shaft
is the pinion 3 taking into the toothed wheel 4, turning loosely on a stud pin or
short axis placed in the framework. Attached to this wheel 4 is another
pinion 5 taking into gear with the tappet wheel 6, which is mounted, turning
loosely on a stud or pin 7 as its axis. Upon the inner face of this wheel is
placed the several tappets 8, 8, &c., which act upon the lever 9. This lever has
its fulcrum at one end at 9*, and the other is connected by the link piece 10
to the spring pall 11, which take into the rackets of the wheel 12 placed upon
the axle of the lower drawing-off roller K, the spring palls being held by the
bridle pieces 13 embracing the axle of the wheel K, the other wheel L
revolving by the friction of contact between them; and in order to insure their
perfect working, the toothed rims or wheels 14 and 15 are attached to them
taking into each other. The notches or recesses in the wheel L are arranged
according to the folds required in the paper of pins; and in order that the
drawing in of the paper may be effected at the required times and in proper
portions, a notched wheel 16 is placed on the other end of the axle of the wheel
K, having a retaining pall 17 taking into its notcbes. This pall holds the wheel
16, and consequently the axis from revolving at any time but at the proper
periods. It is acted upon so as to pass into and out of the notches, and thus
retain or release the wheel by the following means:-On the periphery of the
tappet wheel 6 is formed a toothed wheel, which takes into the pinion 18 on
the shaft 19, turning in bearings in the framework, and carrying at its other end
the double tappets or levers 20, 20, which alternately act upon one end of the
crank lever 21, having its fulcrum in a pin 22. The other end of this lever is
formed as a pall or tooth, and takes into the notches in the wheel 16, as shewn
in Fig. 3, and according to the movements of this lever 21, so will the ratchet
wheel 16 be retained or released. The guide roller II has an up-and-down
movement given to it for the purpose of taking up the slack of the length of
paper when the jaws of the crimping apparatus open, the paper as the jaw F
approaches the other jaw E being bent out of the course it would otherwise
take. This movement of the roller H is effected by the following means:-
When the sticking apparatus is moved down away from the carrier plate, and
the jaws open, as seen in Fig. 3, then the roller II" is also depressed, and as the
jaws E, F, are moved upwards with the crimped paper, after closing upon it,
the roller II* rises also. This latter movement is effected by the counterba-
lance weight, it being at other times retained by an excentric or cam 23 on

page_text: the inner side of the boss of the pall carrier 13 coming against a stud on the
lever 24, having its fulcrum at the lower end; and on the upper part of this
lever is placed a stud 25, which acts in conjunction with a pin or stud on
the levers 26, which have their fulcrums in the standard of the framework.
These levers carry at one end the roller H*, and at the other end the counter.*
balance weight 27; 28 is a spring for keeping the lever 24 up against the
stud 29 on the lever 24; and as the pall moves partially around the axis the
excentric forces back the lever 24 and releases the pin at the required intervals.
The opening and closing movements of the crimping jaws and the sticking
motion is obtained by the following mechanism:-Tho jaws E and F are
furnished with ledges and recesses or notches, as shewn in the Drawings
(Figs. 4 and 5). The jaw E is mounted on the table lever O, having its
fulcrum on the axle P, so as to allow of its moving upwards and downwards;
and the jaw F is mounted on the ends of two rods Q sliding through guides
R, R, on the table lever O. The closing of the jaw E upon the paper in the jaw
F is effected in the following manner :-On the main cam shaft N is mounted the
cam S, which acts upon the tappet 30 on the end of the lever arm 31, keyed on
to the transverse shaft T. Upon this shaft is also affixed the lever arm 32,
having at its other extremity the curved slot 33, in which the pin 34 works.
This pin is attached to two arms belonging to the crosshead or piece 35'
(see Fig. 4), the ends of it being attached to the two rods Q working in proper
guides on the table lever O, and carry at the other ends the jaws F; con-
sequently, as the pin 34 is moved backwards and forwards, the jaw F will
be made to approach or close upon the other jaw F, and then recede
from it. In order to steady the motion of these parts, à guide pin 36 is
made to work in a hollow cylinder 87 on the table lever O. The con-
ducting or carrying of the pins into the machine in rows and in proper order'
for sticking them into paper is effected by the following mechanism :-D is
a sliding plate or carrier, moving upon the guide bar V after the manner
of a slide rest of a lathe. This plate is shewn in detached plan at Fig. 7, and
has a number of notches with countersunk recesses formed on it, placed in the
same order as the pins are intended to be stuck in the paper. This carrier
plate is moved to and fro past the end of the guide groove or channel C, and
the notches in the plate take the pins one after the other from the end of the
grooved channel, and carry them over the length of paper. The movement of
the carrier plate is effected by the following means-On the shaft N is
mounted the double cam V with the groove formed on its periphery, as shewn
in Fig. 1. Within this groove the antifriction roller of the lever 38 acts:
This lever. has its fulcrum at 39, and its other end is attached to the linked.
B

page_text: piece 40 (see Fig. 7), which is connected to the under side of the plate D, and
consequently, as the double cam Y revolves, the carrier plate D will be moved
to and fro past the end of the groove.
And in order that the carrier may return quickly for a fresh charge of pins
it is assisted by a spring 41 fastened to the framing. It will sometimes happen
that the pins will not follow each other in proper order down the guide
grooves C, and consequently would not be delivered regularly into the notches
of the carrier plate. Therefore the following tapping or shaking mechanism is
applied to the end of the guide:-42 is a tapping lever, the end of which raps
in quick successive blows upon the side of the channel at the delivering end:
it has its fulcrum at 43; its other end is connected to the upper part of a
vertical lever 44, the other end being actuated by tappets 45 on the pulley
wheel 46, which is put in motion by the band 47 passed from the rigger 48
on the first shaft N, and over the wheel 46, and the guide pulley 49 to the
pulley 50 of the feeding apparatus, this band serving for the twofold purpose
of setting the feeding apparatus in motion, as well as the tapping mechanism.
The operation of the machinery is as follows:-On the length of paper being
drawn into the machine the jaw F closes upon the other jaw E, and crimps
the paper between them. At this time the carrier plate D will have received
its charge of pins for one row and brought them over the paper; then the
jaws with the paper begin to rise, and force the crimped part of the paper
upon the pins, they passing through the corresponding notches or holes in the
jaws. W is a guide piece or holder placed in front of the carrier plate which
serves to keep the pins in its notches while the paper is forced up upon the
pins;
this holder is carried by the lever arms X, X, on the shaft Y, and is
put in motion so as to release the pins at the proper time after they have
been stuck by means of the cam Z on the shaft Y, acting on the antifriction
roller on the end of the lever arm 51. At the time the pins are being brought
in by the carrier plate over the paper, the holder W is down, as shewn in
Fig. 3, but the moment the sticking has been effected, the carrier plates
recedes, the holder is lifted up out of the way of the new-stuck pins, and the
jaws open and the roller H* rises to take up the slack of the paper. These
operations are effected almost simultaneously; the several operations depending
one on the other necessarily act in conjunction, so as to leave the paper and
pins free to be drawn forward, and a fresh part of the paper brought in, while
the carrier plate is again advancing with a fresh row of pins, and the jaws are
closing upon the paper ready to bring it up for the next row of pins, which
will be held securely by the holder W descending to them by the time the
jaws have brought up the paper, and ready to force it upon the pins.

page_text: ⚫ Having now described the arrangements and construction of these several
machines for making or manufacturing pins and sticking them into paper,
I would, in conclusion, remark, that what I claim as this Invention of im->
provements in machinery or apparatus, as secured to me under the above in
part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the general arrangement and construction of the machines for per-
forming the operations of feeding or drawing in the continuous length of wire,
cutting off the required portion from the same to form the pin; carrying it.
with the heading die opposite the heading punch, and compressing the end of
the wire so as to form the head of the pin, which operation may be only par--
tially done (or the wire upset) in this first machine, and afterwards finished
by another upsetting or compressing process after annealing, and then com-
pleted by the moving file wheels or tools in a subsequent machine, or the head
be completely upset in the first machine, that is, a sufficient portion of the
wire compressed in the dies at one operation, so as to gain sufficient bulk to
form a perfect head, which afterwards has to be finished by removing the burs
or rough parts therefrom in the pointing or finishing machine; and particularly
as regards this machine, I claim the causing the two heading dies to act in
conjunction with one heading punch, they moving transversely across the
machine, after cutting off the length of wire, and carrying it alternately and.
successively opposite the punch to be headed. Next, as regards the annealing
machine, I claim the general construction and arrangement of the same for
this purpose, and particularly the mode or method of feeding in the partially
headed pins by means of the hopper, rototary drums, and spring sliders, with.
the curved grooved guides, and conveying the pin shafts through the flame
for heating the bead, and the oil or water for keeping the shafts cool by means
of the endless ladder chain, and placing them in other grooved guides, from
whence they pass to a second heading machine, acting with dies as in the
former machine, or to a machine with only one heading die and punch. Next,
as regards the finishing, heading, and pointing machine, I claim the general
construction and arrangement as a whole; and particularly the application and
use of the feeding apparatus, that is, the hopper with its drums, spring lifters,
agitators, and grooved channels, as before described; also the large carrier
wheel D for conveying the pin shafts through the machine, and the modes
of pressing the shafts against the wheel, the rotatory and moving file wheels
or tools E, F, and 45, for removing the bur or feather edge or rough párts
on the heads of the pin shafts, and also the lap or file wheel for pointing
the pins. And as regards the striking machine, I claim the general construc-

page_text: tion, arrangement, and application of the same as a whole for effecting this pur-
pose; and particularly the use and application to machines of this description
of the feeding-in apparatus consisting of the hopper with the rotatory drums,
and its spring lifters, sliders and agitators, and grooved channels, which
deliver the pins to the carrier plate; the use and application of the carrier
plate furnished with suitable recesses to receive the pins from the ends of the
grooved channels and carry them over the length of paper in which they are
to be stuck; the crimping jaws E and F acting in conjunction for the two-
fold purpose of crimping the paper, and carrying it up and forcing it upon
the pins and causing them to be stuck in the paper, while they are held in
the carrier plate, together with the drawing-off rollers, by which the paper
and pins are delivered from the machine; all of which several mechanical
agents I consider novel in their application and use, as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Miles Berry, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Second day of June, in the year of our Lord One thou-
sand eight hundred and forty.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Second day of June, in the third
year of the reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, the said Miles Berry came
before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the
instrument aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and speci-
fied, in form above written. And also the instrument aforesaid was stamped
according to the tenor of the Statute made in the fifty-fifth year of the reign
of His late Majesty King George the Third.