IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATORS OR SURFACE CONDENSERS, APPLICABLE TO AIR COOLING OR FREEZING MACHINES FOR USE AT SEA OR ON LAND, FOR PRESERVING MEAT OR OTHER PERISHABLE SUBSTANCES."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Seale Haslam, of Derby, in the County of
Derby, Iron Founder and Engineer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
REFRIGERATORS OR SURFACE CONDENSERS, APPLICABLE TO AIR COOLING OR
FREEZING MACHINES FOR USE AT SEA OR ON LAND, FOR PRESERVING
MEAT OR OTHER PERISHABLE SUBSTANCES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Seale Haslam at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th April 1880.
ALFRED SEALE HASLAM, of Derby, in the County of Derby, Iron Founder and
"IMPROVEMENTS
Engineer.
IN REFRIGERATORS OR SURFACE CONDENSERS,
APPLICABLE TO AIR COOLING OR FREEZING MACHINES FOR USE AT SEA OR ON
LAND, FOR PRESERVING MEAT OR OTHER PERISHABLE SUBSTANCES."
This Invention relates to improvements in the arrangement of refrigerators or
surface condensers, as applied to air cooling or freezing machines, by the compressing
and expansion of air, especially adapted for working on board ship to economisc
space, and for the efficient working of such refrigerators, to be easy of access and of
simple construction.
This is of much importance in the construction of such engines for sea service.
My arrangement consists or has for its object the economy of space by forming
or constructing the refrigerator or surface condenser in the engine bed in any part
of the bed by providing chambers or tanks in such beds, and by passing through
the chambers or tanks copper or brass coils or tubes or hollow passages fitted in
the manner described, or any such convenient arrangement. The compressed air
passing through such coil or pipes in various directions, and by coming into contact
with a cool surface, the temperature of the compressed air is much reduced prior to
being finally expanded in the expansion cylinder. The chamber or tank in the
bed plate is continually charged with water injected by a force pump connected to
the engine or any other means of supplying the compartment with water passing
in at the bottom of chamber and delivering at the top.
My Invention also refers to the cooling of the compressing cylinder by the flow
of cold water round the cylinder or barrel. The water is circulated through a spiral
groove surrounding the outside of cylinder, or by making a number of divisions in

page_text: the jacket for the better and more efficient circulation of water round the cylinder
to cool the compressed air prior to its passing through the refrigerator or surface
condenser, or other arrangements connected with compressing cylinders and
accessories, and the formation and arrangement of snow box and air purifier.
By my Invention, economy of space in adapting the refrigerator or surface
condenser to the bedplato of an engine for cooling or freezing air to be worked or
used on board ship is obtained.
An improved construction or arrangement of refrigerator or surface condenser,
simple in construction and easy of access. Also the more effective cooling of the
air compressing cylinder.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Alfred Scale Haslam in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 12th
October 1880.
ALFRED SEALE HASLAM, of Derby, in the County of Derby, Ironfounder and
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATORS OR SURFACE CONDENSERS,
APPLICABLE TO AIR COOLING OR FREEZING MACHINES FOR USE AT SEA OR ON
LAND, FOR PRESERVING MEAT OR OTHER PERISHABLE SUBSTANCES.'
"
This Invention relates to improvements in the arrangement of refrigerators and
surface condensers as applied to air cooling or freezing machines by expansion and
compression of air, adapted for working on board ship to economise space, and also
for the more efficient working of such refrigerators, and the better arrangement and
construction of the air compressing and expanding cylinder, to be easy of access and
simple in construction.
My arrangement consists and has for its object the economy of space by forming
or constructing the refrigerator or surface condenser in the engine bed in any part
thereof by providing chambers or tanks in such beds, and by passing through the
chambers or tanks copper or brass coils or tubes or other hollow passages or
equivalent.
The compressed air passing through such coils, pipes, or passages in various
directions, and by coming into contact with a cool surface, the temperature of the
compressed air is much reduced prior to being finally expanded in the expansion
cylinder.
Figure 1 is a plan of engine bed plate A fitted with surface condenser or
refrigerator constructed according to my Invention.
Figure 2 is a side clevation of same with the cover B removed, in order to show
the sets of circulating pipes C, C1, C2, more clearly.
Figure 3 is a cross section of same on line x, y, of Figure 1. The action is as
follows: An inlet pipe A' is formed on the cover plate B, by which air is admitted
into the chamber a, and passes through the set of pipes C into the chamber b in the

page_text: cover plate B' on the opposite side of the ongine bed A; it then takes the direction
indicated by the arrow, that is, by passing back again to the cover plate B, but to
a second chamber c therein, and it passes away to the chamber & and outlet A² in
the cover plate B¹ through the third series of tubes C².
The arrows indicate the direction the compressed air travels through the sets of
tubes in the tanks or chambers in the bed plate A, the direction of the air being
determined by tho partitions D and E, and the chambers a, b, c, and d, in the cover
plates B and B¹².
The chamber or tank in the bed plate A enclosing the sets of tubes C, C³, and C³,
is continually charged with water injected by a force pump connected to the
engine or any other means of supplying this compartment or tank with water
entering, preferably underneath, and passing out at the top of said tank in the bed
plate A.
Another part of my Invention relates to the cooling of the compressing cylinder
by the flow or circulation of cold water round tho cylinder or barrel. The water is
circulated through one or more spiral or other passages surrounding the outside of
said cylinder or barrel, so as to give a considerable length of travel for the cooling
medium, and thoroughly turn over the particles of the same, or it may be by
making a number of divisions in the jacket for the better and more efficient
circulation of water round the cylinder, so as to cool the compressed air prior to its
passing through the refrigerator or surface condenser, or other arrangements
connected with compressing cylinders and accessories, and the formation and
arrangement of snow box and air purifier.
Figuro 4 is an end elevation partly in section, and Figure 5 a longitudinal
section of such an air compressing pump cylinder fitted with the before named
spiral or other annular grooves or passages for the better and more effective
circulation of water round the said cylinder, and this will be better understood with
reference to Figure 5. M is the water inlet pipe or branch through which the
water is admitted to the right, and to the left spiral or other annular grooves or
passages E and F respectively, passing from E to E', from E' to E², from E² to E³,
and similarly from F to F', from F¹ to F, from F2 to F3 respectively, thence to the
covers at T and S respectively, circulating over the whole end surface of such cover,
and passing off by the passage T to the outlet O similarly at the other end by
passage S¹ to the outlet N. Thus the cylinder and its accessories (that is to say,
the covers and the valves contained therein), are by the perfect circulation of water
kept at a low temperature. This is also applicable to single acting cylinders.
The air enters the said cylinders through the branch or bend pipes P and Q
attached to the two covers. The reciprocatory movement of the piston to the
right, for example, causes the air to enter the cylinder by the valve P', the said
movement of the piston at the same time serving to compress the air on the other
side of the piston, and expelling or forcing the said compressed air out through the
valve Q into the pipe R. A similar operation takes place on the return stroko,
the air entering at Q, and passing through the valve Q', whilst the piston at the
other sido is expelling or forcing the compressed air through the valvo P², the air
therefrom also entering the delivory pipe R.
Figure 6 is a sectional plan of the air expansion cylinder, such as may be used
in connection with the refrigerator or surface condensor from which the air is
admitted at a low temperature to the said expansion cylinder.
By this arrangement I obtain an efficient working of the valves with but little
expenditure of power, the delivery of air through the main valve to the cylinder,
and the construction of snow box or chamber on the cylinder is so arranged as to
be easy of access; by the construction of this cylinder, I also generally improve the
efficiency of the parts herein before described. The air to be expanded is received
by the chambers A and B, and the compressed air passes through the valves C and
D, and is delivered to the cylinder through the main valves E and F acting
alternately.
By the ring pistons E¹ and F¹, and springs E and F, the main valves E and F

page_text: are balanced, the air is delivered and exhausted by the ports G and H respectively
into the snow box or chamber J, which is easy of access, by means of the cover J¹
and screw J³ passing through the cross bar J. The valves C, D, E, and F, are
adjustable by nuts and lock nuts as shown.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of my Invention, and in what
manner the same is or may be performed, I would have it understood that I
claim,―
First. The adaptation of the bed frame of an air cooling or freezing machine as a
surface condenser or refrigerator, having two or more sets of tubes for the successive
passage of the fluid to be condensed or cooled, substantially as described and
shown.
Second. The more effective cooling of the air compressing cylinder and its
accessories by the spiral or other annular-grooves.or passages around the periphery
of the cylinder, for the passage of water which also enters the covers and circulates-
therein and around the valves, substantially as described and illustrated with
reference to Figures 4 and 5.
Third. The construction of the snow box with the valve arrangement for the air
axpansion cylinder, working in connection with the refrigerator or surface
condenser, substantially as described and illustrated with reference to Figure 6.
Fourth. The general combination of parts forming the improved apparatus for
cooling or freezing air, and for preserving ment or other perishable substances for
use at sea or on land, substantially as described and illustrated with reference to all
the Figures of the accompanying Drawings.
In-witness-whereof, I, the said Alfred Scale Haslam, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Ninth day of October, in the-year-of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty.