provements in and relating to Pneumatic Tyres.
Year: 1891

page_text: Late of Application, 7th Sept., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 7th July, 1892-Accepted, 13th Aug., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Improvements in and relating to Pneumatic Tyres.
I HABBY JOHN SWINDLEY of 12 Castlenau Terrace, West Barnes, in the
County of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows :-
My invention relates to an improved construction of pneumatic or inflated tyre,
and it has for its objects, facilitating the repair of the air tube when punctured or
damaged, constructing a tyre independent of the rim of the wheel, and securing
the tyre to the rim in such a manner that it can readily be detached therefrom.
I attain these ends in the following manner :-I take a hollow tyre adapted to
receive an internal air tube and made of a round or any other convenient section.
This hollow tyre is constructed of canvas and rubber by any of the well known
methods. In the underside of the tyre, i.e. in the side adapted to fit on or in the
rim of the wheel, are cut or formed a series of holes,-preferably of an elongated
oval shape for the purpose of introducing or withdrawing the air tube-which
is preferably made in the shape of a bag with closed ends.
To close these holes and to secure the hollow tyre to the rim of the wheel I
introduce in the hollow tyre, or in a chamber or its equivalent formed in or on the
underside thereof, a metallic or other suitable band or its equivalent preferably
of a width approximating that of the rim of the wheel. The ends of this band
are adapted to be drawn together by a right and left handed screw, or its equivalent,'
or by any other suitable device, to bind the hollow tyre on to the rim of the wheel,
a hole being made through the said rim to enable the tightening device to be
operated.
To remove the air tube from the hollow tyre after it is removed from the rim of
the wheel, the fixing band is either removed from the tyre, or it is provided with
a series of holes to correspond with those in the underside of the hollow tyre, in
which case the band is moved round in or on the hollow tyre until such time as the
holes therein coincide with those in the band, when the air tube can be withdrawn
through one or more of the said holes. After the air tube is replaced the band is
either reinserted in or on the hollow tyre, or it is moved round with respect thereto
until all the holes therein are closed, when the tyre is complete and ready for
attaching to the rim of the wheel. As a modification the holes in the tyre and
also in the band may be closed by flaps or strips of canvas, or by thin metal plates
adapted to be placed between the band and the hollow tyre.
The rim may be made with either a shallow crescent face or with a straight face;
the hollow tyre and the fixing band being shaped accordingly.
To facilitate inserting and withdrawing the air tube I sometimes line the under
face of it, ie, the face which lies next to the rim of the wheel, with canvas or
other non-stretchable material.
DLA ..
1001

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Pneumatio Tyres.
I HARRY JOHN SWINDLEY, of 12 Castlenau Terrace West, Barnes, in the
County of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
My invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of pneumatic
or inflated tyres, and it has for its object, facilitating the repair of the air-tube
when punctured or damaged, fixing the tyre to the rim of the wheel so that it
can readily be detached therefrom, and generally rendering these tyres more
efficient.
I attain this end in the manner illustrated by the accompanying drawings, in
which
Figure 1 Sheet No. 1 is a broken view in side elevation of a pneumatic tyre
embodying my invention.
Figures 2 and 3 Sheet No. 1 are views in transverse section thereof on line x, x,
and yy, respectively, and
Figure 4 Sheet No. 1 is a view in transverse section showing the holes in the
hollow tyre and canvas lining or pocket.
Figure 5 Sheet No. 1 is a view in transverse section of the hollow tyre with a
separate canvas lining or pocket.
Figure 6 Sheet No. 1 is a view in transverse section showing how a separate
chamber may be formed in the hollow tyre for the fixing band.
Figure 7 Sheet No. 1 is a broken view in plan of the underside of the tyre
showing how the holes therein are opened and closed by the movement of the
fixing band.
Figure 8 Sheet No. 1 is a view in transverse section showing how the holes
in the tyre are closed by flexible or partially flexible flaps or strips capable of being
inserted and withdrawn through the said holes or slots, the flap or strip being
shaped to fill the hole, and
Figure 9 Sheet No. 1 is a view in plan of the said flap or strip.
Figure 10 Sheet No. 2 is a view in transverse section showing the hole in the
tyre closed by a plain flap or strip and
Figure 11 is a view in plan of the said flap or strip.
Figures 12 and 13 Sheet No. 2 are views in transverse section showing how a
Aap or strip placed inside the hollow tyre may be moved round therein when the
air-tube is deflated to open or close the hole in the hollow tyre, and
Figure 14 Sheet No. 2 is a view in transverse section showing how flaps or strips
placed inside the hollow tyre may be moved longitudinally when the air tube is
deflated to open or close the holes therein.
Figure 15 Sheet No. 2 is a view in transverse section showing the flap or strip
attached to the air-tube at one point, and
Figures 16 and 17 Sheet No. 2 are views in transverse section and broken
elevation respectively showing the flap or strip completely fixed to the air-tube.
Figure 18 Sheet No. 2 is a broken view of another form of flap or strip showing
how it is used to open and close the hole in the canvas lining or pocket by sliding
it on the said lining or pocket.
Figures 19 and 20 Sheet No. 3 are views in transverse section of a complete
tyre with a flap or strip of the tubular type adapted to be moved radially to open
and close the holes in the hollow tyre and canvas lining or pocket.
Figure 21 Sheet No. 3 is a broken view showing the separate canvas lining or
pocket made with closed ends and having an opening for the introduction of the
air-tube, and
Figure 22 Sheet No. 3 is a broken view showing the said bag-shaped canvas

page_text: lining or pocket made in two parts adapted to be connected together after the
introduction of the air-tube, and
Figure 23 Sheet No. 3 is a broken view showing the fixing band made in one
piece with the canvas lining or pocket.
Throughout these views similar parts are marked with like letters of reference.
The hollow tyre A which is adapted to receive an air-tube or chamber B is made
of a round or any other convenient shape in cross section, and it is constructed
either with the canvas lining A' formed in or fixed to it as shown by Figure 2
or separate from it as shown by Figure 5 in which case it is preferably made
tubular in cross section. In the underside of the hollow tyre A. and in the canvas
lining A whether fixed to the hollow tyre or forming a separate pocket, are
cut or formed one or more holes a and a respectively-preferably of an elongated
oval shape for the purpose of introducing or withdrawing the air-tube B. To
close these holes and to secure the hollow tyre to the rim X of the wheel, a
flexible band Ç of metal or other suitable material is placed in the hollow tyre A
or in a chamber a³, or its equivalent, formed in or on the underside thereof, as
shown by Figure 6. If a separate canvas lining or pocket A¹ is used, the band C
is preferably placed between the said lining or pocket and the hollow tyre as
shown by Figure 5, or as a modification the said band may form part of or be
attached to the said canvas lining or pocket as shown by Figure 23. The ends
of this band C are adapted to be drawn together by a right and left handed
screw, or its equivalent, or by any other suitable device, by means of which the
length of the said band can be contracted and so cause it to bind the hollow
tyre A on to the rim X of the wheel, a suitable opening being made in the
said rim for the tightening device to pass through. The air tube B is made of
rubber, and it preferably has its ends closed so that it forms a complete chamber,
and when I use a separate canvas lining or pocket I prefer to form it also with
closed ends as shown by Figures 21 and 22 so as to entirely enclose the air-tube.
To provide for the introduction of the air-tube I either make the canvas pocket
in two parts or lengths as shown by Figure 22 in which case the two said parts
or lengths are adapted to be laced, tied, hooked, buttoned, or otherwise fixed
together to form the complete pocket, or it is made in one length and provided
with an opening adapted to be closed by a flap D as shown by Figure 21. The
ends of the canvas pocket may be made square or round according to the shape of
the ends of the air-tube. The air-tube is provided with any suitable valve for
inflation and which is preferably so constructed that it will also act as a deflating
valve.
To remove the air-tube B from the hollow tyre A after the tyre is removed from
the rim of the wheel, the fixing band C is either removed from the hollow tyre A
through one of the holes a therein, or the band C may also be provided with one
or more holes c. to correspond with those in the hollow tyre A, in which case the
band C is moved round in the hollow tyre until such time as the holes a therein
coincide with the holes in the band when the air-tube can be withdrawn through
the said holes. After the air-tube is replaced, the band is either reinserted in the
hollow tyre, or it is moved round with respect thereto until all the holes therein
are closed, as shown by Figure 4 when the tyre is complete and ready for placing
in the rim of the wheel, and for being fixed thereto by the said band. As a
modification the fixing band may be formed in or fixed to the hollow tyre so that
it can only be used for fixing or binding the hollow tyre to the rim of the wheel,
in which case the holes c in it coincide with the holes a in the tyre, and a' in the
canvas lining or pocket, and the said holes are closed by suitable flaps or strips D.
These flaps or strips D are made of any suitable flexible or partially flexible
material such as canvas, or rubber and canvas combined, and they may be either
shaped to fit the said holes as shown by Figures 8 and 9, or made of any even
thickness throughout as shown by Figures 10 and 11, in which latter case they
may be laid inside the hollow tyre so that they can be moved therein either radially
as shown by Figures 12 and 13, or circumferentially as shown by Figure 14 to

page_text: close the said holes. The flaps or strips D may be attached to the air-tube B as
shown by Figure 15 so that they may be introduced into the tyre with the said
air-tube, in which case I prefer to fix the flap or strip completely to the said tube
as shown by Figures 16 and 17. Although the flap or strip D as shown by
Figures 16 and 17 does not completely encircle the air-tube B, it may do so pro-
viding the air-tube is the full size required to fill the hollow tyre before it is
inflated. When these flaps or strips completely encircle the air-tube they need
not of necessity be attached to the air-tube, but they may be placed loose thereon,
in which case they are made as short tubes so that they can be moved along the
air-tube to any part that happens to come opposite to the hole in the hollow tyre
and, or, in the canvas lining or pocket. When the tyre is constructed with a
separate canvas lining or pocket A' as shown by Figure 5, the closing flaps or
strips D may be placed either between the said canvas lining or pocket and the
air-tube, or between the canvas lining or pocket and the hollow tyre, in which
latter case I prefer to make them of the tubular type and to fit them over the
canvas lining or pocket A' as shown by Figure 18, the holes a¹ being closed hy
sliding the said flaps or strips longitudinally for the purpose. As a modification
when the flap or strip D is of the tubular type it may be provided with a hole d
as shown by Figures 19 and 20, in which case it is adapted to be moved radially
either to open the holes a and a' in the tyre and lining or pocket respectively, by
making the hole d¹ in the flap or strip coincide with the said holes, or to close the
said holes, by moving the flap or strip into a position such as that shown by
Figure 20. The object of these flaps or strips is to prevent the air-tube from
protruding into or through the holes in the hollow tyre when inflated, and from
chafing on the edges of the said holes, and they may be used not only with the
particular type of tyre herein before described and shown by the accompanying
drawing but also with all other tyres having holes or slots in them, or in the canvas
lining or pocket thereof, for the introduction and withdrawal of the air-tube,
whether such tyres are adapted to be removed from the rim of the wheel before
the air-tube is withdrawn, or whether they are permanently fixed or attached to the
rim of the wheel and have openings in them either clear of the rim, or through the
rim as described in my prior Patent No. 2657-91.
I am aware that air-tubes have already been made of rubber and canvas combined
so that they are practically non-expansible, but they are not adapted for use with
outer covers having holes for their introduction and withdrawal as they are too
bulky and stiff.
To facilitate the withdrawal and insertion of the rubber air-tube, I fix on to it
throughout its entire length a strip of canvas, tape, or other unstretchable material,
so that although it is free to expand transversely it is practically unstretchable
in length. This strip or tape may be fixed to or formed in part with a rubber
air tube either by vulcanization or cementation, or by any other suitable and
convenient means.
The rim X may be made with either a shallow crescent face or with a flat face,
the hollow tyre and the fixing band being shaped accordingly.
When the fixing band or strip is not intended to be moved in the hollow tyre for
the purpose of opening the hole or holes therein, the said band is so fixed to the
tyre where the holes are cut or formed, that the tyre will not expand or bulge at
those parts when the tyre is inflated.
Throughout this Specification the term "hollow tyre" is intended to mean all
tyres which when detached from the rim of the wheel form complete chambers
irrespective of their shape in transverse section or the material of which they are
made. The term "air tube" is intended to mean all tubes or chambers intended
to hold and confine the air, formed separate from the other part or parts of the
tyre and capable of being removed therefrom, whether the ends of the said tubes
are closed or open, quite irrespective of their construction or shape, or the material
or substance of which they are made. The term "flap or strip" is intended to
mean all devices made of a flexible or partially flexible material or combinations

page_text: thereof, capable of being introduced into or placed within a hollow tyre for the
purpose of closing the hole or holes therein, or in the canvas lining or pocket
forming part thereof, for preventing the air tube when inflated from protruding
into or through the said hole or holes and from chafing on the edges thereof,
irrespective of their shape or of the material or materials of which they are
made. The term "canvas lining or pocket" is intended to mean all devices usually
employed in pneumatic or air inflated tyres to reinforce the rubber of which the
outer jacket or cover is made so as to enable it to withstand the pressure within
it, irrespective of their construction and shape and the material of which they
are made. The term "hole" when used with reference to the hollow tyre or
any part thereof is intended to mean all openings in such tyre or parts thereof
used for the introduction and withdrawal of the air tube irrespective of their size
and shape.
I wish it to be particularly understood that I do not limit myself to the precice
details of construction hereinbefore described and shown by the accompanying
drawings, but that I hold myself at liberty to make such changes and alterations
as fairly come within the spirit and scope of my invention.
I am aware that at the date of this application for Letters Patent it was not
broadly new to make holes in hollow tyres to provide for the withdrawal and
reinsertion of the air tube or chamber, nor to use an internal band for fixing
tyres to the rims of wheels, nor to make air tubes with closed ends or with an
unstretchable backing, and I do not therefore broadly claim these as my inven-
tion, but
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The improvements in and relating to pneumatic tyres, substantially as herein-
before described and illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
2. In a pneumatic tyre, the combination of a hollow tyre lined with canvas and
having one or more holes or slots in its underside, of an air tube or chamber, and
of a flexible band provided with any suitable device for contracting its length
and adapted to be withdrawn from the hollow tyre to open the holes or slots therein,
all combined, arranged, and operating, as and for the purpose set forth.
3. In a pneumatic tyre, the combination of a hollow tyre having a separate
canvas lining or pocket and having one or more holes or slots in its underside, of
an air tube or chamber, and of a flexible band provided with any suitable means
for contracting its length, and adapted to be withdrawn from the hollow tyre to open
the holes or slots therein, all combined, arranged, and operating, as and for the
purpose set forth.
4. In a pneumatic tyre, the combination of a hollow tyre lined with canvas and
having one or more holes or slots in its underside, of an air tube or chamber, and
of a flexible band having one or more holes or slots in it and provided with any
suitable device for contracting its length, all combined, arranged, and operating, as
and for the purpose set forth.
5. In a pneumatic tyre, the combination of a hollow tyre having a separate
canvas lining or pocket and having oue or more holes or slots in its underside,
of an air tube or chamber, and of a flexible band having one or more holes or slots
in it and provided with any suitable means for contracting its length, all combined,
arranged, and operating, as and for the purpose set forth.
6. In a pneumatic tyre, the combination of a hollow tyre lined with canvas and
having one or more holes or slots in its underside, of an air tube or chamber, of
one or more flaps or strips adapted to close and fill the hole or holes in the hollow
tyre, and of a flexible band having one or more holes or slots in it and provided
with any suitable means for contracting its length, all combined, arranged, and
operating, as and for the purpose set forth.

page_text: 7. In a pneumatic tyre, the combination of a hollow tyre having a separate
canvas lining or pocket and having one or more holes or slots in its underside, of
an air tube or chamber, of one or more flaps or strips adapted to close and fill
the hole or holes in the hollow tyre, and of a flexible band having one or
more holes or slots in it and provided with any suitable means for contracting
its length, all combined, arranged, and operating, as and for the purpose set forth.
8. In a pneumatic tyre, the combination of a hollow tyre lined with canvas and
having one or more holes or slots in its underside, of a rubber air tube or chamber,
of one or more loose flaps or strips adapted to be placed in the hollow tyre and
capable of being moved radially or circumferentially therein to open or close the
hole or holes therein, and of a flexible band having one or more holes or slots in it
and provided with any suitable means for contracting its length, all combined,
arranged, and operating, as and for the purpose set forth.
9. In a pneumatic tyre, the combination of a hollow tyre having a separate
canvas lining or pocket, and having one or more holes or slots in its underside,
of a rubber air tube or chamber, of one or more loose flaps or strips adapted
to be placed in the hollow tyre and capable of being moved either radially or
circumferentially therein to open or close the hole or holes therein, and of a
flexible band having one or more holes or slots in it and provided with any suitable
means for contracting its length, all combined, arranged, and operating, as and for
the purpose set forth.
10. In a pneumatic tyre, the combination of a hollow tyre lined with canvas
and having one or more holes or slots in its underside, of an air tube or chamber,
of one or more flaps or strips, either wholly or partially fixed to the air tube, and
of a flexible band having one or more holes or slots in it and provided with any
suitable means for contracting its length, all combined, arranged, and operating,
as and for the purpose set forth.
11. In a pneumatic tyre, the combination of a hollow tyre having a separate
canvas lining or pocket and having one or more holes or slots in its underside, of
an air tube or chamber, of one or more flaps or strips either wholly or partially
fixed to the air tube, and of a flexible band having one or more holes or slots in it
and provided with any suitable means for contracting its length, all combined,
arranged, and operating, as and for the purpose set forth.
12. In a pneumatic tyre, the combination of a hollow tyre lined with canvas
and having one or more holes or slots in its underside, of an air tube or chamber,
and of one or more tubular flaps or strips adapted to fit within the hollow tyre, and
of a flexible band having one or more holes or slots in it and provided with any
suitable means for contracting its length, all combined, arranged, and operating, as
and for the purpose set forth.
13. In a pneumatic tyre, the combination of a hollow tyre having a separate
canvas lining or pocket and having one or more holes or slots in its underside, of
an air tube or chamber, and of one or more tubular flaps or strips adapted to
encircle the canvas lining or pocket, and of a flexible band having one or more
holes or slots in it and provided with any suitable means for contracting its
length, all combined, arranged, and operating, as and for the purpose set forth.
14. In a pneumatic tyre, the combination of a hollow tyre lined with canvas
and having one or more holes or slots in its underside, of an air tube or chamber, and
of one or more tubular flaps or strips adapted to fit within the hollow tyre
and each provided with a hole or slot, and of a flexible band having one or
more holes or slots in it and provided with any suitable means for contracting
its length, all combined, arranged and operating, as and for the purpose set
forth.
15. In a pneumatic tyre, the combination of a hollow tyre having a separate
canvas lining or pocket and having one or more holes or slots in its underside, of
an air tube or chamber, and of one or more tubular flaps or strips adapted to
encircle the canvas lining or pocket, and each provided with a hole or alot, and of

page_text: a flexible band having one or more holes or slots in it and provided with any suitable
means for contracting its length, all combined, arranged, and operating, as and for
the purpose set forth.
16. In a pneumatic tyre, the combination with an air tube or chamber having
closed ends, of a canvas lining or pocket closed at each end and provided with a
suitable opening adapted to be covered by a flap or strip, as and for the purpose
set forth.
17. In a pneumatic tyre, the combination with an air tube or chamber having
closed ends, of a canvas lining or pocket having closed ends and formed in two
lengths adapted to be attached the one to the other when the air tube is in place,
as and for the purpose set forth.
18. In a pneumatic tyre, forming a hole or opening in the hollow tyre and
canvas lining or pocket for the withdrawal and insertion of the air tube or
chamber, and closing the said hole or opening by means of a flap or strip as herein-
before described and illustrated by Figure 8 of the accompanying drawings.
19. In a pneumatic tyre, forming a hole or opening in the hollow tyre and
canvas lining or pocket for the withdrawal and reinsertion of the air tube
or chamber, and closing the said hole or opening by means of a flap or strip,
as hereinbefore described and illustrated by Figure 10 of the accompanying
drawings.
20. In a pneumatic tyre, forming a hole or opening in the hollow tyre and
canvas lining or pocket for the withdrawal and reinsertion of the air tube or
chamber, and closing the said hole or opening by means of a flap or strip, as
hereinbefore described and illustrated by Figures 12 and 13 of the accompanying
drawings.
21. In a pneumatic tyre, forming a hole or opening in the hollow tyre and
canvas lining or pocket for the withdrawal and reinsertion of the air tube
or chamber, and closing the said hole or opening by means of a flap or strip,
as hereinbefore described and illustrated by Figure 15 of the accompanying
drawings.
22. In a pneumatic tyre, forming a hole or opening in the hollow tyre and
canvas lining or pocket for the withdrawal and reinsertion of the air tube or
chamber, and closing the said hole or opening by means of a flap or strip, as
hereinbefore described and illustrated by Figures 16 and 17 of the accompanying
drawings.
23. In a pneumatic tyre, forming a hole or opening in the hollow tyre and
canvas lining or pocket for the withdrawal and reinsertion of the air tube
or chamber, and closing the said hole or opening by means of a flap or strip,
as hereinbefore described and illustrated by Figure 18 of the accompanying
drawings.
24. In a pneumatic tyre, forming a hole or opening in the hollow tyre and
canvas lining or pocket for the withdrawal and reinsertion of the air tube or
chamber, and closing the said hole or opening by means of a flap or strip, as
hereinbefore described and illustrated by Figures 19 and 20 of the accompanying
drawings.
25. In a pneumatic tyre having a separate canvas lining or pocket, forming a
hole or opening in the said lining or pocket for the withdrawal of the air tube or
chamber, and closing the said hole or opening by means of a tubular flap or strip,
either with or without a hole or opening, as hereinbefore described and illustrated
by Figures 18, 19, and 20 of the accompanying drawings.
26. In a pneumatic tyre, the use of a rubber air tube or chamber having fixed
to it one or more flaps or strips of any suitable flexible but non-stretchable
material so as to prevent the expansion of the said tube or chamber at those parts
adapted to come against, or opposite to, the holes or openings in the hollow tyre
provided for the withdrawal and insertion of the said air tube or chamber, as set
forth.

page_text: 27. An air tube or chamber for pneumatic tyres the outer covers or jackets of
which are provided with one or more holes or openings for the withdrawal and
insertion of the air tube or chamber, made of rubber so as to be expansible and
provided at a certain part or parts with a flap or strip of any suitable flexible but
non-stretchable material to form a backing to limit its expansion at the said part
or parts, as and for the purpose set forth.
28. An air tube or chamber for pneumatic tyres the outer covers or jackets of
which are provided with one or more holes or openings for the withdrawal and
insertion of the air tube or chamber, made of rubber so as to be expansible and
provided at a certain part or parts with a flap or strip of any suitable flexible
but non-stretchable material to form a backing to limit its expansion at the said
part or parts, and with a continuous strip of any suitable non-stretchable material
throughout its entire length, as and for the purpose set forth.
29. In a pneumatic tyre, the outer cover or jacket of which has one or more
holes or openings in it to allow of the introduction and withdrawal of the air tube
or chamber, the use of flexible flaps or strips for closing the said holes or openings,
as hereinbefore described and illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
30. In a pneumatic tyre, the combination of an outer cover or jacket having one
or more holes or openings therein, of a canvas lining or pocket having closed ends
and provided with one or more openings, of an air tube having closed ends and
adapted to be placed within the canvas lining or pocket, all combined, arranged,
and operating, as and for the purpose set forth.
31. In a pneumatic tyre, the combination of an outer cover or jacket having
one or more holes or openings therein, of a canvas lining or pocket having closed
ends and provided with one or more holes or openings, of an air tube having
closed ends and adapted to be placed within the canvas lining or pocket, and of a
flap or strip adapted to be placed either between the canvas lining or pocket and
the outer cover or jacket, or within the canvas lining or jacket, all combined,
arranged, and operating, as and for the purpose set forth.
32. In a pneumatic tyre, the combination with an outer cover or jacket having.
one or more holes or openings therein, of a canvas lining or pocket having closed
ends and formed in two parts adapted to be fixed together after the air tube or
chamber is placed within it, as set forth.
Dated this 7th dow 1.1 1900