IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR CRUSHING STONES, ORES AND OTHER HARD AND SUBSTANCES
Year: 1884

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION,
BRITTLE
I GEORGE DALTON of the Soho Foundry in Leeds in the County of York
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINES FOR CRUSHING STONES, ORES AND OTHER HARD AND
SUBSTANCES and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My Invention relates to the class of machine known as Blake's Improved
Stonebreaker.
My present Invention consists, first, in an improved construction of the faces
which form the fixed jaw; also in apparatus for giving a knapping motion to the
moveable jaw, that is to say, for causing the moveable jaw to move in such a
manner that the stone or other material to be broken is broken more by a
movement resembling a blow than a squeeze or crush, as in the machines heretofore
made; also in an improved construction and combination of rocking lever and
the parts in connection therewith whereby a greatly increased power can be exerted
upon the crushing jaws with less expenditure of driving power.
In order that the nature of my Invention and the manner in which the same is
to be performed may be fully understood I shall now proceed to describe the same
by the aid of and by reference to the accompanying Drawings. Figure 1 Sheet 1
is a longitudinal vertical section of a Blake's Improved Stonebreaking Machine
as fitted with the first and second parts of my present Invention. Figure 2
Sheet 2 is a similar section of a machine fitted with the first and third parts of
my present Invention. Figure Sheet 3 is a similar section of a machine fitted
with the first and fourth parts of my present Invention and Figure 4 Sheet 3 is
a side section of an alternative method of carrying into effect the purpose of the
arrangement described in Figure 3. The saine letters in each Sheet refer to.
corresponding parts.
The first part of my Invention consists in making the fixed jaw faces in three
parts as shown at A, A1, A¹¹ on each Sheet instead of in one or two parts as
heretofore and in making the face of each part to slope forward from the top to
the bottom so that the bottom of one part overlaps the top of the one immediately
below it, and so serves among other things to prevent the stones or material being
operated upon from rising during the closing of the jaws and thereby avoiding the.

page_text: crush or blow. Each part is corrugated on its face from top to bottom or made
to carry teeth in manner similar to that heretofore adopted on jaw faces. The
corrugations are in straight lines but at the lower end they are either flattened or
rounded off from the ridges or apices of the corrugations or teeth to the bottom
of the intervening furrows or else the teeth are bent under following the shape
of the part.
I do not limit myself to the degree of rounding shown in my
Drawings nor to any particular degree. The three parts of the jaw face are so
arranged that the corrugations in each intersect those of the others, that is to say,
the ridge of the corrugation in one will correspond with the furrow in the one
above or below it. By this method of construction of jaw faces I am enabled to
reduce the depth of jaw in stone breaking machines and cheapen the cost of
production as well in first cost as in repairs; for, inasmuch as the lower part of
a jaw face is that which wears away the most quickly, I am enabled by making
the face in three parts when the bottom part is worn away to remove it to the
top and put the top one into its place. I am also enabled very readily by the
simple interchange of parts, to set the fixed jaw faces tooth to tooth or tooth to
space as may be required. For instance if the machine be first set so that the
bottoms of the fixed and moveable jaws are tooth to tooth with each other I am
able by transposing the middle and lower parts of the fixed jaw face to set the
machine so that the teeth of the one jaw correspond with the furrows in the
opposite jaw. The different parts of the face are made with projecting ends or
shoulders by means whereof they are held in position in manner described in the
Specification referred to in the Letters Patent granted to Henry Rowland Marsden
my predecessor in business dated the fourth day of June 1874 and Number 1937.
The backs of the parts are fitted to the end of the machine in the manner
heretofore practised by me and preferably in the manner described in the
Specifications referred to in the Letters Patent granted to me of the year 1878 and
Number 1824.
The second part of my Invention is shewn in Figure 1 Sheet 1 and consists of
the peculiar construction and combination of the parts for giving motion to the
moveable jaw of stonebreaking machines of the type aforesaid and may be used
in all machines wherein crushing is effected by means of the forward motion of
a jaw or crushing surface and whether the motion be imparted to the top or lower
end of the jaw. In machines made according to this part of my Invention the
outer frame, the jaws, the drawback motion, the toggle blocks, the driving wheel,
the crank or eccentric shaft and the connecting rod are of similar construction to
those heretofore made by me. To give motion to the moveable jaw I now use a
long bent lever C placed on the underside of the machine somewhat similar both
in shape and position to the intermediate or toggle lever G described in the
Specification referred to in the Letters Patent granted to me dated 27th January
1880 Number 365 but differing from it in the method of suspension. One end
of this lever is as before attached by means of a connecting rod B to the crank or
eccentric on the driving shaft but the other end now terminates in a head or
boss D mounted on a shaft or cross pin E extending between the two side
standards of the machine and free to move within horizontal slots or slides
as shewn in dotted lines (or if preferred in inclined slots) or through a slot in the
head or boss of the said lever. This head or boss is toothed on its front and
back faces so as to represent the segments of a spur wheel and works between
two toggle pieces F G each having a concave end of a somewhat larger radius
than the boss of the actuating lever but toothed to correspond with it, the other
ends terminating in any suitable bearing surface but shewn in my Drawing as
terminating in longitudinal rounded ridges resembling the ends of ordinary toggle
pieces extending straight across from side to side working into notches in the
toggle block H and the jaw stock J in the usual way. These different parts are so
fitted to each other that when the two toggle pieces are in the midposition shewn
the jaw of the machine is widest open and at this time the crank or eccentric on
the driving shaft is at or near its horizontal centre. The effect of this peculiar

page_text: construction is that as the driving shaft leaves its centre when it is capable of
imparting motion most quickly to perform its upward or downward semirevolution
the loose end of the actuating lever will be lifted upward or forced downward
and so cause the head or boss to perform a motion resembling the partial
revolution of a wheel. The longer ends of the toggle pieces will thereby be drawn
on to the boss of the lever (that is to say nearer to a line drawn from the remote
ends of the toggle pieces through the centre of the boss) with the result that in
proportion to the distance the toggle pieces are moved from the mid position shown
toward a centre line there will be an increase of the distance between their remote
ends and the moveable jaw will be thrust forward with a sort of knapping motion.
For the purpose of increasing the durability of the "parts I make the bearing
surfaces of the toggle pieces in the toggle block and jaw stock of steel and for this
purpose insert in these parts blocks or bushes of steel as shewn..
I am aware that the use of teeth on a rocking lever and toothed toggle pieces
were claimed as part of the Invention for which Letters Patent were granted to
my predecessor Henry Rowland Marsden dated the 1st March 1872 and Number 649
but the same were claimed only as a means of reducing friction. By my method
herein before described I employ a toothed boss and toothed togglo pieces for the
purpose of imparting a forward motion to the moveable jaw which is novel and
I also claim as novel the peculiar construction of boss and toggle pieces as
herein before described. The toggle pieces F and G are drawn to duplicate with
one another but one may be longer than the other when required and arranged at
the back or front as desired.
The third part of my Invention is shewn in Figure 2 Sheet 2 and consists in a
peculiar construction of toggle lever and combination of parts in connection
therewith whereby I am able to obtain increased crushing force with less
expenditure of driving power. In this method I employ the same parts as
herein before described except that I use a different form of head or boss on the
toggle lever and different forms of toggle pieces. For this method I use a boss D
toothed on the front side only, the teeth of which are shewn as carried on a block
or bush of steel inserted into the boss. These teeth work into a toggle piece F
shewn provided with teeth at each end which rests upon the boss at some distance
above its centre. The other end of the toggle piece rests upon and works into
other teeth mounted upon a block of steel fitted into the back of the jaw stock J.
By preference I use teeth on the boss of the toggle lever and on the toggle piece
for the reason that the depth of the toggle piece may be used to increase the
rapidity with which the full pressure of the machine is exerted on the jaw stock
somewhat after the manner in the second part of my Invention hereinbefore
described but I desire it to be understood that I do not confine myself to the
employment of teeth either on the boss or at either end of the toggle piece and
that the toggle may have ordinary rounded ends working into notches on the
jaw stock and on the boss of the toggle lever in the usual way. At the back of
the boss D of the toggle lever I insert a block of steel as shewn carrying a notch
or indentation on its outer face to receive and support the end of the back toggle
piece G. The face of this block may be flat or convex having the centre of the
cross pin for its radius. A similar block of steel is inserted into the toggle block H
and between the two that is to say between the boss of the toggle lever and the
toggle block I insert a toggle piece G. This toggle piece may be made either with
ends shaped to the segment of a circle proportioned in size and radius to its length
and the movement it is required to make with a ridge or tongue extending
horizontally across its centre from side to side or be made in the usual way as
shewn in Figure 3. If made with ends shaped to the segment of a circle I use
the convex form of block in the boss of the toggle lever and in that case it forms
a sort of friction roller between the boss D and the toggle block H. For this
purpose I make the notch or indentation at the back of the boss D in a line with
the centre of the cross pin E. If the toggle piece G be made in the usual way it
acts as a moveable fulcrum and receives and transmits to H the pressure exerted.

page_text: on the jaw stock whenever the free end of the toggle lever is lifted for the purpose
of imparting a forward motion thereto. By making the notch in the block at the
back of the boss D above or on the centre line the toggle piece G also serves to
impart a differential motion. If the notch be made at a sufficient distance below the
centre line the toggle piece G will then serve to assist in forcing the jaw forward.
The cross pin E serves only for suspension and as a stay to keep the parts in their
places.
I am aware that this method of construction in some respects resembles that
described in the Specification referred to in the aforesaid Letters Patent dated
1880 January 27th and Number 365 and I therefore declare that there is no
novelty in the use of a toggle lever of the bent or bell crank shape shewn in my
Drawings but what is new and an improvement upon the last mentioned Invention
or any other method heretofore in use is the method of suspending the head or boss
of the toggle lever in combination with the use of a moveable toggle G instead of
a fixed fulcrum also the method of causing the actuating toggle piece to receive its
motion from the head or boss of the toggle lever at a point above the centre of the
cross pin or point of suspension and also above the point of contact between the
boss and the back toggle piece.
My Invention consists fourthly in an alternative method of imparting a knapping
motion shewn on Sheet 3 Figures 3 and 4 by which I get not only a motion more
resembling a blow but increased power. For this purpose I employ the same
method of construction as that thirdly hereinbefore described except as to the head
or boss D and the front toggle piece F. For this part of my Invention I make the
front of the boss toothed somewhat resembling the boss described in the second
part of my Invention but I make the teeth on either the upper or the lower half
of the front to project somewhat from the true segment of a circle thus forming a
sort of cam. I also use a front toggle piece furnished with teeth and the parts are
so arranged that during either the upward or downward semirevolution of the
shaft the front toggle piece works upon the boss of the toggle lever in like manner
as if the same were two spur wheels geared into each other and the jaw remains
stationary but as the shaft is attaining its horizontal centre and is so capable of
imparting motion most rapidly it actuates the end of the toggle lever and so
partly revolves the boss and brings suddenly into play the teeth projecting beyond
the true radius. Figures 3 and 4 illustrate different arrangements for carrying
out this part of my Invention. In Figure 3 I shew the projecting teeth on the
lower part of the boss and I show the front toggle piece F to be furnished with
teeth forming a true segment of a circle having for its radius the point of suspension
of the toggle piece in the jawstock and the forward movement of the jaw is
delivered during the downward semirevolution of the crank of the driving
shaft. This arrangement is designed so that the momentum due from the downward
movement of the lever C which may be made as heavy as desired and weighted or
not (shewn in the Drawing weighted) is delivered on to the moveable jaw. In
Figure 4 I shew the projecting teeth on the upper part of the boss and I also shew
a front toggle piece in which its toothed end is cam shaped instead of being a
segment of a circle. In this toggle piece the upper half projects forward in a
concave form on to the boss of the lever and somewhat resembles in shape the half of
one of the toggle pieces described in part 2 of my Invention but the lower half is
the true segment of a circle struck as before. This arrangement is designed so
that the forward movement of the jaw is imparted during the upward semirevolution
of the crank shaft and so that as as the teeth on the upper or projecting end of
the toggle piece are drawn on to the boss D they may assist in giving the required
movement.
The front toggle piece F shewn in Figure 3 may be used just the same whether
the boss be toothed on its upper or lower front and in like manner the toggle piece
shown in Figure 4 may be inverted and used with the boss shewn in Figure 3. I
therefore do not confine myself to the details shewn in my Drawings either with
respect to this or the other parts of my Invention,

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and the manner in which the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1. The use of fixed jaw faces made in parts in manner and of the shape and
construction substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described and as
shewn in the accompanying Drawings.
2. The use of a rocking lever with a toothed head or boss working in combination
with toothed toggle pieces for the purpose of imparting a blow or squeeze by
increasing the length between two given points substantially as and for the
purpose herein before described and as shewn in Sheet 1 of the accompanying
Drawings.
3. The peculiar combination and arrangement of rocking lever and toggle pieces
for the purpose and substantially as hereinbefore thirdly described and as
illustrated by my Drawings.
4. The peculiar construction and combination of parts for the purpose and
substantially as herein before fourthly described and as shewn in Sheet 3 of the
accompanying Drawings.