An Improved Machine for the Manufacture of Brushes and the like.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Aug., 1894-Accepted, 22nd June, 1895
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Machine for the Manufacture of Brushes and
the like.
HEINRICH FRIEDRICH REINHOLD of Hamm, in the Empire of Germany,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
The subject of this invention is a machine for the manufacture of brushes, and
the like its particular object being to fasten the hairs in the backs or supports o!
the brushes by means of wire clamps, for which purpose the requisite wire is
introduced into the stamp or die casing by means of a clamping or compressing
device attached to one side of the machine frame, the piece or length of wire being
severed from the remaining supply of wire by a cutter or knife arranged close
against the stamping case, which is thereupon entered by a tappet or cam adapted
to drive the wire towards a U-shaped clamp-device. In the meantime a bundle of
hairs is by means of two guide-rods or rails conveyed into the said stamp or die
casing, when the stamp or die causes it to be grasped by the clamp which it
depresses, the bundle of hairs being in this condition forced out of the stamping or
die case and into the wooden back or support of the brush.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figure 1. is a front elevation of the improved machine.
Figure 2. a section thereof on line xx, (Fig. 1,)
Figures 3 and 4 represent a stamp or die casing,
Figure 5. illustrates the wire feeding arrangement, and
Figure 6. shows the arrangement for the reception of the hairs or brush
material, which it is intended to convey to the stamp or die casing iu tufts or
bundles.
C
The wire employed in forming the clamps, shown at b, Fig. 1, is carried by
forks fitted on to screw-threaded pins and made adjustable thereon in the
longitudinal direction by means of nuts. The threaded pins or rods are secured
to a disc pivotted to an arm . The wire, being guided by the arm 65 passes
through the device c which carries it into the guiding case f Fig. 5 illustrates this
arrangement on an enlarged scale, being a front view and section thereof, such
arrangement consisting of a hook-shaped lever arm c carrying lateral rails or rods c¹
which the pins or rods e arranged at the upper part of such rails, keep connected;
the lever c being capable of turning, together with the said rods, about the pivot or
spindle c*. In Fig. 5 the front rod or rail c³ is cut away. Between the rails c', a
slide or carriage c, adjustable both upwardly and downwardly is adapted to travel.
A spring e, secured to the machine frame is intended, when the lever c is operated,
to force both the rail and slide in the direction of the guiding case, upwardly;
by such means the wire is caused to be nipped or compressed between the slide
and pin or pivot c, whereby, as the movement of the lever c is continued, the said
wire is carried along in the same direction. Motion is imparted to the said lever
by means of a roller d attached to the slide rod d' which is operated through the
medium of a lever arm from a cam d³ mounted upon the driving shaft. As the
slide rod, together with the roller d, moves downwardly, a weight, attached to
the opposite end of the lever c, causes the wire feeding device to recede;
but as this device does so, the pawie hinders the wire from participating in that
backward movement of the feed. The casing carries the wire past the knife or

page_text: cutter and into the stamping case.
The said cutter is carried by the cutter
lever g pivotted at gl (Figs. 2, 3 and 4). The said lever g2 carries a tappet or nose
at its upper end which when the slide i is fully raised, or at its highest point, (which
slide is acted upon by the crank shaft and link), is pressed back by such slide,
whereby the cutter is caused to sever the length of wire that has entered the
stamping case. A spring coiled round the ping fixed to the cutter lever then
causes the cutter to return to its position of rest.
The length of wire treated in the manner described is next bent into U-shape by
the correspondingly shaped former or clamp device which by the aid of a stamp
has by this time been moved up so as to take up its position over a bundle of hairs
lying ready to be submitted to its action. The wire and the hairs are then caused
to pass through a narrow channel or passage by which the ends of the hairs ar;
compressed and in this condition placed over the clamp and inserted into the
wooden support. This operation takes place within the double stamp case of
which Fig. 3 is a vertical section, showing the cutter in elevation, and Fig. 4 a
front elevation, the upper portion ! being removed so that the cam or pawl k may
be clearly visible. Between the parts and a slot extending transversely
through the casing (see also Fig. 2) wherein the wire end, which has been cut off,
is retained by the removable plate (Fig. 4). The wire is beut into the shape of
a clamp by means of the said cam or pawl k mounted upon the shaft (Fig. 1)
which by means of the crank pin k₁, rod k³ and another crank pin k², arranged to
work within a slot provided in the rod 3, has a reciprocating movement imparted
to it.
While this movement is being performed the said cam or pawl engages in a
recess or bore provided in the stamping case (Figs. 3 and 4), whereby the wire
which it encounters is converted into a U-shaped clamp. This is shown detached
Fig. 4. The stamp, secured to the slide or carriage i and consisting of a steel
blade ground into concave shape on its lower surface, now descends into the central
passage having partly the shape of a slot, and in so doing it grasps the wire
clamp or fastener and passes it over the bundle of hairs which in the meantime has
been automatically inserted through a lateral aperture 1. As the said stamp
continues its downward movement, the wire clamp together with the bundle of hairs
is forced into the enlarged passage arranged to turn down the ends of the hairs
over the clamp. Within the said enlarged passage such clamp is guided by lateral
grooves, somewhat tapering downwardly, whence the clamp receives the con-
figuration in which it is delineated in the detached view Fig. 4. As the wire clamp
together with the bundle or tuft of hairs is forced into the recess or socket provided
for its reception in the block or support of wood, the ends of the clamp are made
to overlap each other cross-wise and to become firmly imbedded in the wood. The
wood is for this purpose held underneath the orifice of the stamping case, and whilst
it is being forced in, is supported by the pillar or upright and its top piece
(Fig. 1) which pillar in the meantime performs an upward movement.
This pillar
or upright, protruding through an aperture in the supporting plate or table, is con-
nected with the carriage or sludei (Figs. 1 & 2), by the rod or bar, situated at
one end of a double-arin lever 3, the opposite end of which lover is connected with
the said pillar /. As the slide descends, so does the rod , with the result that the
lever swings down on its fulcrum, so that its opposite end rises, and carries
upwards the pillar / which is attached to it. The pillar carries at its upper end a screw
bolt with the top piece which may be adjusted both vertically and at the desired
augle. The arrangement hereinafter described for the reception and conveyance
of the material to the stamp case is shown detached in Fig. 6, the covering plates q
and (Fig. 1) being omitted here.
The brush material is placed upon the plate m whereon it is retained between a
slide or runner fitted with a handle and a dividing rail or bar o' with which
the slide o is provided. In order to conduct the material into the slot or space
formed by the machine frame a or cover plate q and the division bar p' situated in
the extension of the sliding bar whence the said material is fed in bundles to
the stamping case,—the slide o is moved sideways upon the rail o² until the dividing

page_text: bar o' meets the other diving bar and forms in conju
apparatus. In this position, the sliding rail or bar p, together with the slide or
carriage o, and with the dividing rails o' p' (which are connected) is raised. Now,
while the sliding rail p, with its accessory parts or attachments, is retained in the
raised position with one hand, the slide n is grasped with the other hand, the
material is pressed against the side of the machine-frame, and the sliding rail,
together with its attachments, is depressed; when the dividing arrangement o' pl
will mark off such a portion of the material to be drawn in, that the slot, formed
between the dividing rails and the frame-side, is filled with such material. Bebind
the arrangement for the reception of the material there is provided a rear wall
adjustable by means of screws so as to accommodate the length of the material to be
used, its purpose being to prevent any of the material from dropping out.
The division of the material into bundles and the conveyance of such bundles to
the stamp or die casing is effected by narrow rods rr which partly slide upon the
rail or rod the outer end of which is located in the recess or enlargement / of
the slot in the casing (Figs. 3 and 4). The rail or rod r is connected with the
levers operated through the medium of the cam s' (Fig. 1).
7"
at its front end, which tongue fits the
The said rod has a pointed tongue
interstice or groove presented to it by the opposite end of the rod rl, as illustrated
in the detached view Fig. 6. The rod is secured to the slide or carriage st
arranged to move within the slot s of the machine frame and connected with the
rod by the connecting rod which is shown partly broken away in Fig. 6 and
the object of which is to regulate or control the movements of the rods r»l in
relation to each other. As the lever s noves away from the machine frame, the
rod is moved to the position in which it is shown in Fig. 6 and retains such
position, whilst the rod is carried along such a distance that the tongue can leave
the slot into which the brush material is inserted. The material is now depressed
within the said slot as far as the rod by a conveyor. And when the lever s
moves in the opposite direction, the tongue separates a bundle of hairs from the
brush material, such bundle being grasped between the rods r r and ² and
introduced into the slot of the stamp casing.
The conveying device whereby the brush material is pressed down within the
slot consists of a toothed rod t' and of a plate t adjustable in the vertical direction.
An arm provided on the slide or carriage i engages by means of its sliding pin in
the loop of the plate (, operating as a cam, and takes it along a short distance as it
rises, by the aid of the screw abutting against the projection t³ rising from the
plate. As the slide i descends, the teeth of the conveyor enter the slot and descend
a short distance, whereby the material is depressed, and when the slide rises, the
teeth are withdrawn from the slot and return to their former position. The path
along which the conveyor or feed should travel is indicated in dotted lines
in Figure 6, at the lower end of that device. The vertical reciprocating motion of
the conveyor is controllable by means of the screw. On one side of the machine
frame there is provided a lever u pivotted at ul, the lower end of which is connected
with the hook u² and a spring. The feed carries a pin or stud t' which, as it moves
impinges against the rail a connected with the lever u. as it does so, the lever is
pressed into the position shown in Figure 6, in dotted lines, while at the same time
the hook u² is so moved that its teeth issue from the groove.
Thus the teeth of the conveyor and the teeth of the hook alternately engage in
the groove, the object of such engaging of the teeth of the hook being to retain the
material whilst a bundle thereof is conveyed to the stamp or die casing.
The operation is as follows:
Supposing a bundle provided with a wire clamp has just been inserted into the
wood, and a fresh bundle has come to be grasped between the rod r and under-
neath the slot or aperture provided for the passage of the material. This being so
the slide occupies its lowermost position. As the slide rises, the cam in the first
place operates the wire feeding mechanism, and a length of wire sufficient to form
a clamp is introduced into the stamp casing. In the meantime the teeth of the

page_text: conveyor have left the groove, whereas the teeth of the hook 2 have entered the
said groove.
When in its uppermost position, the slide pushes back the cutter
lever whereby the cutter is enabled to cut the wire which is inside the casing, while
at the same time the tappet or pawl, operated by the crank-pin and the
intermediate gearing, enters the casing and compresses or bends the wire
into U-shape. Whilst the slide is now moved back, the cam s' and lever s
conducts the bundle of hairs interposed between the rods or rails into the casing.
The conveyor, guided by the arm, engages with its teeth into the groove which
receives the material and by means of the pin removes the teeth of the hook u
from such groove.
As the slide i continues to descend, the stamp or guide gets
hold of the clamp and nroves it over the bundle of hairs just introduced, so as to
force it out of the casing and into the wooden support or back of the brush which
during this operation is supported by the rising pillar. In the meantime the rails
or rods which form and conduct the bundles of hairs have returned and the conveyor
presses the material still contained in the slot down upon the rail or rod and
between the rods and whereupon the slide re-ascends and the same operation
as before is repeated.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A machine for the manufacture of brushes and the like, characterized by a
conveyor or feeding device which serves the combined purposes of feeding the
wire, cutting off, bending and fixing the brush material, and operated by one main
shaft through the medium of suitable intermediate gearing, the various devices
fulfilling such combined purpose being arranged in proper relation to each other
and so as to co-operate with the assistance or through the agency of a stamp or die
casing (h) and a sliding stamp or guide (¹).
2. In a machine such as referred to in the first claim, adapted for the manu-
facture of brushes and the like, a wire feeding device consisting of a lever c operated
by means of a roller and slide rod, which grips the wire by means of the movable
parts ( and 3) and moves it along a short distance, and a wire bending device
adapted to bend or compress into the form of a U-shaped clamp the length of wire
cut off by the knite (g) through the medium of the cutter lever and slide and with
the assistance of the pawl or cam (k) mounted upon the shaft (¹) and set in
oscillatory motion through suitable intermediate gearing.
3. In the machine for the manufacture of brushes and the like, as referred to in
the first claim, a combined brush material feeding and dividing arrangement,
consisting of two slide rails or rods (rr) which are adapted to separate by means
of the tongue (7) a bundle of the brush material which has been forced between
the said rails or rods by a conveyor (t), and to conduct to the stamping case in
which it is grasped by the wire clamp depressed at that moment by the stamp
or die (), and finally to insert it under pressure into the wooden back
or support of the brush, such support or back being in the meantime supported
by a pillar (1) set in motion by means of a slide (i) and lever and an adjustable
top piece.
Dated this 3rd day of August 1894 i
MARKS & CLERK,
18, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents.