AN IMPROVED MODE OF SEPARATING GRANULAR SUBSTANCES OF DIFFERENT DEGREES OF FINENESS
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Vincent Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughts-
man, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED MODE OF SEPARATING GRANULAR
SUBSTANCES OF DIFFERENT DEGREES OF FINENESS."-A communication.
Sealed the 18th July 1854, and dated the 12th May 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Vincent Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th May. 1854.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF SEPARATING GRANULAR
SUBSTANCES OF DIFFERENT. DEGREES OF FINENESS" to be as follows:-
In making paint from mineral coal great difficulty has been found in
separating the impalpable powder from the specula and coarser material, and
unless this is done effectually the paint will have a greyish instead of a black
appearance. Now, this Invention relates to a method of effecting this separa-
tion, as well as the separation of the granulated or granular substances, having
different degrees of fineness. For this purpose a close chamber is provided,
in which an oblong square box or a cylinder is mounted on a rotating shaft.
This cylinder is slightly inclined from front to rear, and receives at its upper
end the substance to be operated upon. Above this chamber, and commu-

page_text: nicating with it by suitable passages, are receiving chambers provided with
doors at their ends. The material to be operated upon is introduced into the
apparatus through a spout or hopper, which leads it into the rotating box.
While the apparatus is being thus supplied, heated or dry atmospheric air is
ntroduced by a blast fan or otherwise into the rotating box or cylinder, and
is caused to circulate through the chambers, and escape at a vent provided
for that purpose. By means of this current of air the finer particles of the
material exposed to its action will be carried forward and deposited in the
receiving chamber, from whence it may be collected when the operation has
ceased.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Afred Vincent Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 11th November 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALFRED
VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the seventeenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Alfred Vincent Newton, Her special license that I, the said Alfred
Vincent Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,-within-the-United Kingdom.
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF SEPARATING GRANULAR SUBSTANCES OF
DIFFERENT DEGREES OF FINENESS," being a communication from abroad, upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, by
an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the follow-
ing statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and
to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
In making paint from mineral coal great difficulty is found in separating
the impalpable powder from the specula and coarser material, and unless this
is done effectually the paint will have a greyish instead of a black appearance.
Now, this Invention relates to a method of separating and depositing' the
impalpable from the palpable powder, and thus producing a durable and cheap
black paint, the material being ground and re-ground until all is used.
To enable others skilled in the art to carry out this Invention, I will
proceed to describe, in connection with the Drawings, an apparatus which
has proved entirely successful in separating granular substances of different
degrees of fineness.
Fig. 1 represents a side view of the apparatus; and Fig. 2, a vertical
longitudinal section through the same.. Similar letters in both the Figures
denote like parts.
A chamber is first enclosed in a tight metallic case A, and within this
chamber is hung upon a sliaft B a square box or receptacle C, slightly inclined
from front to rear, as shewn in the Drawing. This receptacle is made square,
because in revolving it more effectually carries up and drops the material to be
separated; a round one with radial flanges will answer equally well. Above
this chamber A, and communicating with it by the passages D, D', are the
receiving chambers E, E', provided with doors F, F. The front end of
the lower chamber is separated from the main chamber by a partition G.
The coal from which the paint is to be made may be first roasted, or it may
be used in its natural state; it is ground in a mill as fine as possible, and
introduced into the apparatus through the spout or hopper H, which leads it
through what may be termed the air chamber I into the rotating box C.
Heated or dry atmospheric air is introduced into the apparatus through a
pipe or tube J. In practice it has been found that air, heated to about one
hundred and ten degrees Fahrenheit, is the best for the purpose; but at Mid-
summer, with a perfectly dry atmosphere, the process may be carried on
without the employment of artificial heat. When, however, the air is humid
artificial heat must be used. It has been found that at times the heated.air
becomes sluggish, and does not carry up the powder with regularity, either from
the presence of reacting currents, or from a partial vacuumi existing in the
chamber A; to remedy this, a fan K rotated by a belt in any well-known

page_text: manner may be employed. When this fan is required to be used, a door L
opposite to it is to be opened to admit the blast (which must be very gentle)
into.and through the chamber I to the chamber A, whence it.
passes through
the passage D and first receiving or depositing chamber..E, thence to the
second depositing chamber E', and escapes through the screen or cloth-covered
opening M at the top thereof. There are but two chambers represented for
receiving the impalpable powder thus carried up, but any convenient number
may be used. In order that a regular current of heated air may be used, a
thermometer may be attached to the air chamber I; and although, as stated,
a less temperature may at times be used, yet about one hundred and ten
degrees of heat will produce the proper current for carrying up and allowing
the material to settle or deposit. By this means sand, emery, and ground
glass have been very successfully separated into various degrees of fineness for
making what is termed "sand paper."
Having thus fully described the nature of the Invention of "An Improved
Mode of Separating Granular Substances of different Degrees of Fineness," as
communicated to me by my foreign correspondent; and shewn how the same
may be reduced to practice, I wish it to be understood that under the above.
in part recited Letters Patent I claim, the process of separating the finer from
the coarser particles of ground coal and other granulated mineral substances,
substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Tenth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight-hundred and fifty-four.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
A: V. NEWTON. ⠀ (L.S.) --
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