IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER AND OTHER FIBROUS FABRICS WHERE IT IS OR MAY BE DESIRABLE OR NECESSARY TO STRENGTHEN, FILL, OR SIZE WITH A SUBSTANCE FOREIGN TO THE MATERIAL OF WHICH THE BODY OF THE CLOTH OR FABRIC IS MADE, WHETHER THE SAME BE FELTED OR WOVEN."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick John Cheesbrough, of the Office for Patents,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Consulting Engineer,
for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE MANUFACTURE
OF PAPER AND OTHER FIBROUS FABRICS WHERE IT IS OR MAY BE DESIRABLE
OR NECESSARY TO STRENGTHEN, FILL, OR SIZE WITH A SUBSTANCE FOREIGN
TO THE MATERIAL OF WHICH THE BODY OF THE CLOTH OR FABRIC IS MADE,
WHETHER THE SAME BE FELTED OR WOVEN." A communication from abroad
by Cornelius Tuers Tomkins, of Newark, in the County of Essex, State of
New Jersey, United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick John Cheesbrough
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th January 1880.
FREDERICK JOHN CHEESBROUGH, of the Office for Patents, 15, Water Street,
Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Consulting Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND
RELATING TO THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER AND OTHER FIBROUS FABRICS WHERE
IT IS OR MAY BE DESIRABLE OR NECESSARY TO STRENGTHEN, FILL, OR SIZE WITH A
SUBSTANCE FOREIGN TO THE MATERIAL OF WHICH THE BODY OF THE CLOTH OR
FABRIC IS MADE, WHETHER THE SAME BE FELTED OR WOVEN." [A communication
from abroad by Cornelius Tuers Tomkins, of Newark, in the County of Essex,
State of New Jersey, United States of America.]
The object of this Invention is more especially to cheapen the production and
improve the quality of paper and some of the thinner cotton goods, such as muslin,
cambric, and the like goods.
This Invention is confined to the preparation of the pulp of which the paper is
to be made, and to the preparation of the pulp or sizing with which the cotton
woven fabric is to be sized or filled, and the Invention consists of combining with
or of adding to such pulp or sizing solution a acicular crystallized sulphate of lime,
possessing the quality of filling or matting with the fibre of the pulp in the
manufacture of paper and in the sizing or filling of the woven cotton goods.
The acicular crystallized sulphate of lime is obtained by hydrating and re-
crystallizing gypsum.
The treatment of gypsum for producing its acicular crystallization consists of
mixing gypsum and water together in a tank of suitable form and size, in the
proportion of about one pound of gypsum to seven of water, and of continually

page_text: stirring or agitating the mixture with a suitable stirrer for a period of about forty
minutes, at the end of which time the tendency of the gypsum to set or crystallize
in a mass is passed and is succeeded by the acicular crystallization of its atoms.
The gypsum which at the commencement of the treatment is an amorphous
powder, consisting of small fragments of coarse rhomboidal prisms, becomes entirely 5
changed in its crystalline character. The coarse rhomboidal prisms become a delicate
circular crystal of microscopic minuteness, the average diameter of which is about
one fifteen thousandth (15,000) of an inch.
"
The practice of this Invention is accomplished by merely adding to or combining
with the pulp of which the paper is to be made, or to the sizing with which the 1
cotton woven fabric is to be sized or filled in any convenient and effectual way, the
acicular crystallized sulphate of lime, which can be readily produced by treating
de-hydrated gypsum, substantially as above described, or by treating artificially
made sulphate of lime in substantially the same way.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Frederick John Cheesbrough in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
8th July 1880.
FREDERICK JOHN CHEESBROUGH, of the Office for Patents, 15, Water Street,
Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Consulting Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND
RELATING TO THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER AND OTHER FIBROUS FABRICS WHERE
IT IS OR MAY BE DESIRABLE OR NECESSARY TO STRENGTHEN, FILL, OR SIZE WITH A
SUBSTANCE FOREIGN TO THE MATERIAL OF WHICH THE BODY OF THE CLOTH OR
FABRIC IS MADE, WHETHER THE SAME BE FELTED OR WOVEN." A communication
from abroad by Cornelius Tuers Tomkins, of Newark, in the County of Essex,
State of New Jersey, United States of America.
The object of this Invention is more especially to cheapen the production and
improve the quality of paper and some of the thinner cotton goods, such as muslin,
cambric, and the like goods.
This Invention is confined to the preparation of the pulp of which the paper is
to be made, and to the preparation of the pulp or sizing with which the cotton
woven fabric is to be sized or filled, and the Invention consists of combining with
or of adding to such pulp or sizing solution acicular crystallized sulphate of lime
possessing the quality of filling or matting with the fibre of the pulp in the
manufacture of paper, and in the sizing or filling of the woven cotton goods.
The acicular crystallized sulphate of lime is obtained by hydrating and re-
crystallizing gypsum.
The treatment of gypsum for producing its acicular crystallization consists of
mixing gypsum and water together in a tank of suitable form and size in the
proportion of about one pound of gypsum to seven of water, and of continually
stirring or agitating the mixture with a suitable stirrer for a period of about forty
minutes, at the end of which time the tendency of the gypsum to set or crystallize
in a mass is passed and is succeeded by the acicular crystallization of its atoms.
The gypsum which at the commencement of the treatment is an amorphous powder,
consisting of small fragments of coarse rhomboidal prisms, becomes entirely changed
in its crystalline character. The coarse rhomboidal prisms become a delicate
circular crystal of microscopic minuteness, the average diameter of which is about
one fifteen thousandth (15,000 6) of an inch.
The practice of this Invention is accomplished by merely adding to or combining
with the pulp of which the paper is to be made, or to the sizing with which tho
cotton woven fabric is to be sized or filled in any convenient and effectual way, the
acicular crystalline sulphate of lime, which can be readily produced by treating
de-hydrated gypsum substantially as above described, or by treating artificially
made sulphate of lime in substantially the same way.
Having thus described this Invention as cominunicated to
Cornelius Tuers Tomkins, what is claimed is,-
me by the said
Combining acicular crystallized sulphate of lime possessing a felting property,
with the pulp of which paper is to be made, or with the pulpy sizing with which
the cotton woven fabric is to be sized.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick John Cheesbrough, have_hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty.
TREDERICK
TOUN 101
SPROTICH
FREDERICK JOHN (LS.) CHEESBROUCH.