IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SEWING OR STITCHING TOGETHER THE NUMBERS OR SEPARATE PARTS OF A VOLUME IN THE OPERATION OP BOOKBINDING
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Garrett Tongue, of the Firm of Tongue
& Birkbeck, Patent Agents and Engineers, of 34, Southampton
Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, for tho
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SEWING OR STITCHING
TOGETHER THE NUMBERS OR SEPARATE PARTS OF A VOLUME IN THE OPERATION
OP BOOKBINDING."-A communication from abroad by Henry Graham
Thompson, of New York, United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Garrett Tongue
at the Office of the Commissioners of Prtents, with his Petition,
on the 2nd January 1869.
I, JOHN GARRETT TONGUE, of the Firm of Tongue & Birkbeck,
Patent Agents and Engineers, of 31, Southampton Buildings, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SEWING OR STITCHING

page_text: TOGETHER THE NUMBERS OF SEPARATE PARTS OF A VOLUME IN THE OPERATION OF
BOOKBINDING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus of the character
described in the Specification of an Invention for which Letters Patent
have been granted to the said John Garrett Tongue, dated 10th
January 1868, No. 98.
A
In the apparatus described in the said Specification the separate-
parts or folds of a book are successively laid upon a suitable table or
surface and over a series of vertical needles or instruments.
horizontal bar or thread carrier then carries a loop of thread from the
first needle in front of the other needles, and then places the loop over
the last needle. The part or fold of the book is then folded over upon
the other parts which have been before similarly dealt with, and the
operation repeated with other parts or folds until the volume is complete,
the stitched parts resting upon an adjustable table. The numbers aro
then removed from the needles, and at the same time the loops of
thread within the folds or parts are secured so as to hold the volume.
together by means of "back threads" introduced through the eyes of
the needles or instruments.
According to one part of the present improvements two adjustable
tables are provided, one to hold the unstitched and the other the stitched
parts of the volume or volumes, and it is preferred to cause the one
table to rise as the other falls by means of rack and pinion or other
suitable mechanical contrivances, so that as the parts or folds are
transferred from one table to the other, the surface of the paper upon
the tables will be maintained at the same relative height. The saw
nicks or binding cuts in the folds are placed over the needles or
instruments when the thread is to be laid, part of the fold resting upon
the stitched work or table, and the other part according to this Invention
upon an auxiliary table which is called the "assistant folder."
There are also according to this Invention fingers or instruments
provided, termed "lifters and folders," which are below the fold when
laid over the needles, and after the thread is laid by the thread carrier
the "lifters and folders are so actuated as to first raise the sheet up,
the needles at the same time moving from between them, the "assistant
folder" also at the same. time turning over the fold, and at the right
movement the lifters and folders move forward again between the needles
and complete the turning over of the fold, the "assistant folder" at each

page_text: .
movement pressing down the folded parts, and the table upon which
they rost sufficiently to make room for the next fold to be laid over the
needles.
At the same time that the fold is turned over as above described
according to the present improvements, guides or thread carriers are
caused by suitable mechanism to pass a thread at the back of one or
both of the end needles, and these guides are so actuated as to pass the
thread first from right to left and then from left to right at the back of
the needles, the guides being mounted upon a sliding rod, and actuated
by a pin and a shifting cam surface. Plates are provided against
which the unstitched and the stitched folds are guided when upon their
respective tables, and it is preferred to arrange between these plates
the mechanism for actuating the "assistant folder," the "lifters and
folders," and the thread guides or carriers, and to give motion to these
parts by means of a treadle. Guides are also provided for the ends of
the folds as they are turned over on to the stitched work table. The
various bobbins from which the thread is supplied to the thread layer
and thread guides are mounted upon spindles furnished with springs or
öther means for regulating the tension of the thread as it is drawn
from the bobbins, and spring guides are provided to allow the thread
to yield to the movements of the guides and instruments.
The needles or instruments over which the fold is placed for stitching
may according to this Invention be formed without hooks, and the
thread layer is so actuated by suitable guiding surfaces as to drop the
loop it takes from one end needle upon the other end needle, and the
oyes of the needles are split so as to allow of the introduction of the
back threads into the eyes without the operation of threading.
According to this Invention the end needle through which the
stitching thread is passed is curved in form so as to facilitate the
catching of the thread by the thread layer, and is mounted upon a rod
or axis and kept to its position by a spring which allows it to yield
when required. The thread layer is provided with a tubular guide, and
is by preference actuated by a lever and treadle.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Garrett Tongue in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 23rd June 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
GARRETT TONGUE, of the Firm of Tongue & Birkbeck, Patent Agents
and Engineers, of 34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Second day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the
thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said John Garrett Tongue, Her
special licence that I, the said John Garrett Tongue, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Garrett
Tongue, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SEWING OR STITCHING TOGETHER THE NUMBERS
OR SEPARATE PARTS OF ▲ VOLUME IN THE OPERATION OF BOOKBINDING," &
communication to me from abroad by Henry Graham Thompson, of
New York, United States of America, upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said John Garret Tongue, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing, under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Garrett Tongue, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say:―
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus of the character
described in the Specification of an Invention for which Letters Patent
have been granted to the said John Garrett Tongue, dated 10th January
1868 No 98

page_text: In the apparatus described in the said Specification the separate parts
or folds of a book are successively laid upon a suitable table or surface
and over a series of vertical needles or instruments. A horizontal bar or
thread carrier then carries a loop of thread from the first needle in front
of the other needles, and then places the loop over the last needle. The
part or fold of the book is then folded over upon the other parts which
have been before similarly dealt with and the operation repeated with
other parts or folds until the volume is complete, the stitched parts
resting upon an adjustable table. The numbers are then removed from
the needles, and at the same the loops of thread within the folds
or parts are secured so as to hold the volume together by means of
"back threads" introduced through the eyes of the needles or
instruments.
According to one part of the present improvements two adjustable
tables are provided, one to hold the unstitched and the other stitched
parts of the volume or volumes, and it is preferred to cause the one
table to rise as the other falls by means of rack and pinion or other
suitable mechanical contrivances, so that as the parts or folds are trans-
ferred from one table to the other the surface of the paper upon the
tables will be maintained at the same relative height. The saw nicks
or binding cuts in the folds are placed over the needles or instruments
when the thread is to be laid, part of the fold resting upon the stitched
work or table, and the other part according to this Invention upon an
auxiliary table which is called the assistant folder.
There are also according to this Invention fingers or instruments
provided termed "lifters and folders," which are below the fold when
laid over the needles, and after the thread is Inid by the thread carrier
the "lifters and folders" are so actuated as to first raise the sheet up the
needles, at the same time moving from between them the "assistant
folder;" also at the same time turning over the fold and the right
moment the "lifters and folders" move forward again between the
needles, and complete the turning over of the fold, the "assistant
folder" at each movement pressing down the folded parts and the table
upon which they rest sufficiently to make room for the next fold to be
laid over the needles. At the same time that the fold is turned over, as
above described, according to the present improvements guides or thread
carriers are caused by suitable mechanism to pass a thread at the back.
of one or both of the end needles, and these guides are so actuated as to-

page_text: pass the thread first from right to left and then from left to right at the
back of the needles, the guides being mounted upon a sliding rod and
actuated by a pin and a shifting cam surface. Plates are provided
against which the unstitched and the stitched folds are guided when
upon their respective tables, and it is preferred to arrange between these
plates the mechanism for actuating the "assistant folder," the "lifters.
and folders," and the thread guides or carriers, and to give motion to
these parts by means of a treadle. Guides are also provided for the ends
of the folds as they are turned over on to the stitched work table. The
various bobbins from which the thread is supplied to the thread layer
and thread guides are mounted upon spindles furnished with springs or
other means for regulating the tension of the thread as it is drawn from
the bobbins, and spring guides are provided to allow the thread to yield
to the movement of the guides and instruments. The needles or instru-
ments over which the fold is placed for stitching may, according to this
Invention, be formed without hooks, and the thread layer is so actuated
by suitable guiding surfaces as to drop the loop it takes from one end
needle upon the other end needle, and the eyes of the needles are split
so as to allow of the introduction of the back threads into the eyes
with-
out the operation of threading,
: According to this Invention the end needle through which the
stitching thread is passed is curved in form so as to facilitate the
oatching of the thread by the thread layer, and is mounted upon a rod
or axis and kept to its position by a spring which allows it to yield
when required,
'The thread layer is provided with a tubular guide, and is hy preference

page_text: arms of the rocking frame for operating the assistant folder; Figure 8 are
separate views of the first needle; and Figuro 9, a separate view of one
of the other needles with the band, and as the sewed book is being taken
off; and Figure 10 a separate view of the hook for carrying the thread
in front of the needles. The same letters indicate like parts in all
the Figures.
The object of this Invention is to sew and unite the several sheets to
constitute a book or pamphlet. The folded sheets which are to be
connected or sewed together to constitute a book or pamphlet are
put together and a series of notches a cut across the back folded edge,
as for sewing by hand, three such notches being represented in the
accompanying Drawings. The number may be varied. The notches
so cut form holes in the sheets when opened out, as represented in
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings. The pile of sheets so notched
are placed upon a feeding table 6 with the notched back edges against a
vertical plate which is part of the frame. There is another plate
similar to c marked d; the two are parallel, and the sewing mechanism
is mounted between them. At the back of the plate d there is a
receiving table e similar to the feeding table b, and this table c is for
receiving the sheets as they are in succession turned over and sewed.
It is essential to the operation of the machine that the receiving table e
should descend at each operation to an extent equal to the thickness of
a folded sheet, and it is a matter of convenience to the operator that the
feeding table 6 should rise as the receiving tablo descends and to about
the same extent, so that the top of the pile may be at the same
elevation at all times during the operation of the machine. To effect
this the two tables are secured each to the upper ends of two rods f,f,
adapted to slide accurately in suitable holes in the platform 9 of the
frame, and the lower faces of the lower ends of these rods are cogged
rucks which engage on opposite sides with two cog wheels h (only one
shown in the Drawings) on a horizontal shaft i provided with a handle j
by which the operator can move the two tables at pleasure to any
desired elevation.
The mechanism to be hereafter described by which the sheets are
turned over during the operation of sewing is sufficient to depress the
receiving table to the required distance to suit the thickness of the
folded sheets, as the friction of the moving parts is the only resistance
to be overcome in moving the tables, but as this friction might become

page_text: insufficient to hold the tables steady, it is deemed best to apply a spring
to press against the rods f, f, with a temper screw to regulate the
friction. Immediately back of the vertical plate d there is a series of
needles m. The number and their distance apart should correspond
with the number of notches cut in the back folded edge of the sheets to
be sewed; three are represented in the accompanying Drawings. These
needles have eyes at their upper ends, all but the first, to receive the
bands, as they are termed by bookbinders, that is, threads for completing
the tie after the required number of sheets have been sewed, and after
they are discharged from the machine, but which are passed through
the eyes of the said needles after the required number of sheets have
been sewed and before the sheets are removed; such a band is
represented by red lines on one of the needles in. Figure 9. All but
the first of these needles are held at their lower ends by a clamp n
or equivalent means, a screw clamp being deemed best, as that is a
convenient means for changing the number and distance apart of the
needles. The receiving table has a long mortice o'through which the
needles pass so that it can move up and down without interfering with
them. The first of the series of needles is short and slightly curved, and
has a flat shank p at right angles to the general line by which it is
attached to a rocker q on a rock shaft r, and the rocker is provided with
a spring e, the tension of which holds the needle in line with the upper
end of the other needles, but which will permit it to yield forward when
required. The rocker q can slide on its shaft r for adjustment to sheets
of different sizes, and when set is held in place by a set screw. In
sowing with this machine three threads are used besides the "bands
on all the needles, except the first of the series. One of these threads
(see Figure 2) marked from a spool mounted on any suitable part
of the machine passes through a guide », and thence to the carrier w of
a travelling hook to be hereafter described, so that it may travel with
the said carrier, and from this through a guide hole in the rocker
the first needle, and thence along a groove in the back of the needle to and
through the eye to the front of the needle, where it is held by the hand
of the attendant or hitched to anything until it is tied in with the other
threads. The other two threads termed the binding threads and marked
and y (see Figure 3), are drawn as required from two spools z, z,
suitably mounted on the frame, and passed through two guide eyes a³, a³,
and between the two eyes each thread passes through an eye in a spring
or weighted guide 6', there being one such for each thread to take
"
of

page_text: up the slack, and from the guide eyes à', a', the threads pass through
guides c, c', one in front of the first and the other in front of the
last of the series of needles. And from the guides c', c', these
binding threads pass through eyes in the outer end of two short
arms &, d, in front of the series of needles (only one shown in the
Drawing, Figure 0) on a rod e³, which is mounted so as to slide
longitudinally in a rocking frame of the assistant folder to bo
hereafter described. These two arms d', d, are to be placed as far apart
as the distance between the first and last needles of the series; and to
admit of adjusting them when the needles are shifted they are made to
embrace the rod to which they are secured and held in position thereon
by sorows. At the beginning of the operation the loose ends of the two
threads, y, are hitched to anything or held by hand. The feeding
table with the pile of sheets and the receiving table having been brought
to the required elevation, the top sheet of the pile is opened out by the
attendant and slipped on to the series of needles, the notches a cut into
the folded edges of the sheets forming holes to slip on to the needles
when the sheets are opened out. The sheet of paper when so opened out
is over the threads x and y and over that part of the thread & which has
been passed through the eye of the first needle, and hence this thread is
stretched in a straight line from the hole in the sheet of paper up to the
oye of the needle; as this needle is curved the thread is at some distance
from the body of the needle that it may be readily taken by a hook.
The hook just referred to, indicated by the letter g', projects from the
back and the end of a rod ' attached to a carrier , which slides
in ways at one end of and parallel with the plate c and d before
referred to, and both ends of this rod slide in guides k', ', one at each
end of the ways. A reciprocating motion is given to the carrier + and
rod A' by a staff A, the upper end of which is connected with the carrier
and the lower end pivotted to a bracket m' of the frame, and the said
staff has an arm n' projecting from the lower end at right angles, which
arm is connected by a joint link o' with a treadle p', by which the
operator with the foot can give the required longitudinal motion to the
carrier and rod, the return motion being given by a spring q'. Other
equivalent means for operating the hook rod may be substituted. When
the rod is moved in the direction of the arrow (see Figure 2) its
hook g' in passing in front of the first needle catches the thread t, and
drawing it from the spool through the eye of the first needle 'carries it
double in front of the other needles and over the sheet of paper until it
near

page_text: approaches the last needle of the series, and then the hook is lifted and
moved slightly back to lift and drop the thread over the last needle.
To effect this result the rod A' must have some spring, and that portion
of it which extends beyond the hook has a lip s' which comes in contact
with and rides upon an inclined plane or cam face A, which lifts the
hook h', and the cam face is provided with an oblique face u', which at
the same time pushes the rod back so that the hook A' passes over the
upper end of the needle to carry the thread around it, and then the lip s¹
of the rod passes beyond the cam face and drops by the spring of the rod,
leaving the thread single around that needle and double in front of the
other needles, one end of it being in the eye of the first needle, and the
other end of it through the hole in the sheet in which the first needle is
and extended below the sheet. The rod is then drawn back to be
ready for the next operation. A spring ¹ may be placed as represented
over the cam face to steady the end of the rod during the said
movements and prevent it from vibrating. In that condition the sheet
is to be folded, that is, the half sheet which rests on the assistant folder
is to be turned over on to the other half which rests on the receiving
table, and after that is effected all the needles instead of being in the
holes of the sheet, as when it was applied in the unfolded state, are found
in the notches cut in the folded edge of the sheet, the thread & being
around the last needle of the series and extending double within the
folded edge of the sheet, and in front of the intermediate needle or
needles if more than three in all are used, and one end of the said
thread through the eye of the first needle, and the other out through
the notch at the first needle to the place where it was hitched, or into
the next preceding sheet after more than one sheet has been applied.
As the needles project some distance above the level of the sheet when
first put on before the sheet can be folded it is necessary to lift it up
nearly to the level of the upper end of the needles, otherwise the holes
in the sheet could not pass over the upper end of the needles. The sheet
is lifted at the same time that that half of it which was on the assistant
folder is turned over to make the fold.
The mechanism by which these operations are performed consist of
what I term lifters and folders wo' and assistant folder a¹. The lifters
and folders w¹ receive motion from two vertical rods y', y',
through holes in the platform of the frame and extend above and below
which pass

page_text: bars ',, to the upper one of which the lifters and folders are secured
and their lower ends are pivotted to the front ends of two levers a³, a³,
that rock not with but on the horizontal shaft i before described, the other
arms of the said lovers being firmly secured to a bar, the whole forming
a rocking frame, and the said bar is connected by a rod with a
treadlo a, by the depression of which the lifters and folders are elevated,
a spring es being connected with the bar 6 for the purpose of restoring
the parts to their original position so soon as the treadle is liberated.
The lifters and folders are thin plates one for each needle, and notched
at their front edges so as to extend on cach side of and to a short
distance back of the needles, and when depressed rest on and hold down
the sheet which has been turned over before. As the lifters and folders
are clovated they are drawn forward from the needles by two cam
faces f,, connected with a frame one at each end, the two vertical
rods y', y', being sufficiently flexible to yield, and being provided with
spurs 9, 9, (one for each rod), theso spurs pass in front of the cam
faces in rising, by which the lifters are drawn from the needles, and as
soon as the lifters are carried up higher than the upper ends of the
needles the spurs pass over the upper ends of the cam faces and back
of them by the spring of the rods, aided if required by a spring *
which bears against the lower connecting bars, the lifters are thereby
moved towards the needles to partially fold the sheet. The rods y', y',
are then drawn down by the tension of the spring e, before described,
and as they descend the lifters carry down and complete the folding of
the sheet of paper, and there hold it until the next operation. As the
rods and lifters are drawn down the spars 0,9, pass behind the cam
faces f, f, which yield forward to permit the spurs to pass, the cam
faces being pivoted at their upper ends to the frame, and being provided
with springs in front to force them back to their original positions só
soon as the spurs on the rods get down to their lowest position to be
ready for the next lifting operation. As the needles are not hooked at.
their upper ends the lifters in operating to turn over the half sheet to
make the fold bavo a tendency to lift the sheet over the points of the
needles, and thus to mar the operation. To prevent this there is an
assistant folder, which in the preferred form is a plate ³ (but a rod or
rods would answer the purpose,) which plate lies under that half of the
sheet of paper which is in front of the needles, and as the lifters begin
to rise that edge of the plate nearest the needles is carried over
ver the

page_text: points of the needles with a motion much more rapid than the lifting
motion of the lifters, and by this motion the said plate turns the half
sheet over on to the pile on the receiving table, and there holds it until
the lifters have completed the fold. The edge of this assistant folder
after it has turned over the half sheet makes pressure on it at a sufficient
distance back of the needles not to conflict with the operation of the
lifters in completing the fold. The plate x is attached to a rod .
which connects the outer ends of two arms, ³, constituting a rocking
framo, the said arms being pivotted at their inner ends to the frame a
little forward of the line of the needles. One of the said arms is con-
nected with a spring P, by the tension of which the rocking frame is
returned after the folding operation, and the motion for the folding
operation is imparted to the other of the said arms by the upper end of
a stud m³, which acts against the under face of the said arm ³ near to
the axis on which it rocks, to give the assistant folder the required rapid
rocking motion. The stud m³ slides in suitable ways, and is attached to
the lower bar c', which connects the lifter rods y', y', so that the motions
of the lifters and folders and the assistant folder are derived from the.
same source. As before stated, the two binding threads and y pass
through the eyes of two short arms d', d', which slide with a rod e of
the rocking frame of the assistant folder, and before the first sheet to
be served is put on to the needles, the ends of these threads are hitched
to some part of the machine beyond the needles, and on the right or.
left side of the first and of the last needle. After the thread & has been
operated by the hook as above described, and the sheet has been folded,
the binding threads are to be carried each around its appropriate needle.
To properly understand the operation let it be supposed that the two
binding threads are each on the left side of their appropriate needles,
and the short arms which carry these threads to be forward of the
needles. As the rocking frame of the assistant folder moves back to
turn over the sheet, the two short arms d', d, carry the two binding
threads to the rear of the needles, and on the same side which carries
the two binding threads around the folded edge of the sheet which
contains the thread previously carried by the hook. The arms d³, d²,
are then moved laterally to the right of the needles, and when the
assistant folder is returned to its original forward position, the arms
d', d, are moved forward of the needles, but by reason of having been.
shifted from the left to the right side of the needles, the binding threads

page_text: are thereby passed around the needles.
As before stated, when the
arms d', d, are carried forward beyond the needles at, the time of folding
the sheet they passed on the left side of the needles, and are then moved
laterally to the right so as to pass on to the right of the needles in return-
ing. At the next operation in moving forward they pass on the right
side of the needles, are then shifted to the left, and return on the left
side of the needles, so that the binding threads pass from the under side
of the first sheet around the folded edge of that sheet around the
needles to the right side around the folded edge of the next sheet, then
around the needles from the right to the 'left, and so on successively from
left to right and from right to left, the said arms d', d, being shifted at
cach operation from one side to the other, but after the forward and at
the time of beginning the return motion and before the arms d³, d¹,
pass the needles.
The preferred mechanism for effecting this result is as follows:-The
rod e' which carries the said arms d', d, is fitted to slide in the arms of
the rocking frame of the assistant folder, and one end of it is pivotted
to the middle of a small lever n³, the outer end of which has a slot
which turns and slides on a fulcrum pin on the face of one of the arms
) of the said rocking frame. The inner end of the said lever is in turn
pivotted to the end of what may be termed a double tilting cam o³, having
two cam or wedge formed faces, as represented in Figure 7, and the said
tilting cam is pivotted to the under face of the said arm of the rocking
frame, so that when the said double cam is tilted it will shift the thread,
5 carrying arms first to the right and then to the left, and vice versa. To
the bar which carries the lifters and moving up and down with them
is pivotted a dog p' with a projecting pin q (see Figuro 7"), which is to
act alternately on opposite sides of the tilting cam; and this dog is held
in position by a spring (see Figure 8), which bears against a square
O faced projection on its side, so that it may yield and be brought back
by the tension of the spring as a knife blade. At the time the lifters
riso the arm of the rocking frame of the assistant folder is in a horizontal
position, and the dog p³ in rising moves at right angles thereto, so that
when it reaches the arm of the rocking frame it takes on the right or
O left side of the tilting cam, according to the side to which it was moved
during the previous operation. When the assistant folder has turned
over the sheet, the under face of the arm to which the tilting cam is
pivotted is then in a vertical position, and by the side of the dog p³, SO

page_text: that as the lifters are depressed the pin on the dog p³ acts on one
face of the tilting cam to shift the arms a, d, to one side, and at the next
operation the dog will act on the other side to reverse the motion, and so
on. It will be remembered that all the needles except the first carry
cach what is termed a band, and that when the needles are withdrawn
these bands remain in the notches in the folded edge of the sheets, and
inside of the thread t operated by the book, and are afterwards properly
tied, and that the thread t at the first needle is bound to the several
sheets, and at the last needle is carried around the band, and the object
of the two binding threads operated as above described is to more
effectually bind the several sheets together and to the thread t.
Having now described the nature of the Invention, and the manner
in which the same may be carried into practice, I would remark that the
mechanical means herein-before described and shewn in the Drawings
for giving motion to the various instruments and' appliances, may be
greatly varied without departing from this Invention; what I claim
under the above in part recited Letters Patent is,―
Firstly. The arrangement of the adjustable table b,, in combination
with the adjustable table e, substantially as and for the purposes herein-
before described.
- Secondly. The application and use of the instruments herein-before
described as the "assistant folder" and the "lifters and folders" 10',
substantially as and for the purposes herein-before described.
Thirdly. The application and use of the instruments herein-before
described as the guides d', d, substantially as and for the purposes 2
herein-before described.
Fourthly. The manner in which the hook g' is actuated so as to
deposit the loop of thread upon the last needle m of the series, substan-
tially as and for the purposes herein-before described.
Fifthly. The form of needle m through which the thread is passed, 3
and the manner in which such needle is mounted and arranged, substan-
tially as and for the purposes heroin-before described and shown at
Figure 8 of the Drawings hereunto annexed.
Lastly. The general arrangement and combination of parts into a
machine or apparatus for sewing or stitching together the numbers or 3
separate parts of a volume in the operation of bookbinding, substantially

page_text: as and for the purposes herein-before described and shewn in the
Drawings hereunto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Garret Tongue, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Second day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.