Improvements in the Manufacture of Collar and other similar Studs.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Dec., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 27th Apr., 1895-Accepted, 8th June, 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Collar and other similar
Studs.
We JOSEPH HANCOX FORRESTER, of Summer Hill Terrace, Manufacturer,
and THOMAS MORTON, of Lodge Road, Toolmaker, both in the City of
Birmingham, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of collar or other
similar studs, and refers more particularly to the stem or neck, and to the manner
of its attachment to the back and in some cases also to the front.
At present studs of this class are made with their stem having an enlarged end,
and upon the said stem (inside such enlarged part) is a plate whose central hole
is less in diameter than the said enlarged part, so that it cannot be drawn over it,
but a little larger than the stem itself, so that the latter may move freely therein.
This plate is further dishlike in shape. An undercut hole or recess is now made
in the back, which latter is of pearl, ivory &c.,-whose smaller diameter permits
the entrance of the plate. By suitable pressure in tools, this plate is so pressed
that its circumferential edge is enlarged and pushed into the undercut recess, and
thus the stem is secured.
By our invention we are enabled to dispense with this securing plate and at the
same time produce a neater and simpler article.
We cut and turn the back in much the same manner as is usual excepting that
we so shape the recess to receive the end of the stem itself, that is, we undercut
it in the recess part. We now take a piece of seamless tube, and slightly enlarge
the mouth of its one end. This end is now placed in the recess and the whole
subjected to press tools, so that the stem is pressed into the recess until its outer.
(end) edge is forced (or enlarged) into the undercut of the recess, and is thus
secured. When it is desired that the stem shall be fixed the pressure is continued
until the stem is swelled out so as to fit into the recess tightly, but when desired
to have a little freedom, it is only partially so pressed. The same operation and
arrangement may be observed as to its attachment to the front of the stud.
Instead of making the stem from lengths of tube, we may in some cases make
them from lengths of solid wire, and first drill a hole endwise (at one or both ends).
for a short distance, thus making it tubular for that distance, and then treat it as
before described.
Dated this 18th day of December 1894.
CHARLES T. POWELL,
Applicants' Agent.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Collar and other similar
Studs.
We JOSEPH HANCOX FORRESTER, of Summer Hill Terrace, Manufacturer,
and THOMAS MORTON, of Lodge Road, Toolmaker, both in the City of
Birmingham, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of collar or other

page_text: similar studs, and refers more particularly to the stem or neck, and to the manner
of its attachment to the back and in some cases also to the front.
In order to more particularly explain this our invention, we have appended
hereunto an illustrative sheet of drawings upon which are figures and numbers of
reference similar numbers having reference to the same thing or part.
Fig. 1, is a sectional view of this our invention as constructed with a tubular
shank.
Fig. 2, is a sectional view of the invention as constructed with a solid shank.
Fig. 3, shows a modification of this our invention.
Figs. 4, 5 & 6, are views of detailed parts of our invention.
9, is the back, 10, is the shank, and 11, is the front, forming the stud.
We turn or shape the back 9, to any desirable form and further make therein the
recess 12, which is enlarged at 12. We now cut a length of tube 10* as seen at Fig. 4,
and slightly open outwards both of its ends as shown at 13, 13. The end 13, is
now placed in the recess 12, and by means of press tools, the said stem 10 is
forced against the inside of the recess until its outer end is enlarged into the.
enlarged part of the said recess, and is thus secured. If desired that the said stemn
shall be loosely secured in the recess the pressure is only sufficient to enlarge the
end of the shank to prevent its return through the mouth of the recess, but when
it is desired that the shank shall be rigidly fixed within the back 9, the pressure
is continued until the end of the shank is enlarged so as to fit tightly in the
In some cases instead of using a tubular shank we may use a solid
piece 10°, see Figs. 2 & 6. In this case we submit each end of the shank to press
tools by which a central hole 14, 14", is made and by the same process, or by an
extra operation such ends are bellmouthed. Or if desired a small endwise hole
may be first drilled therein to facilitate such formation, but usually the latter is
not necessary. It is then subjected to the before named treatment for securing in
the stud back.
recess 12
If desired we may further cover the said shank with a tube 15, of superior
metal to that of which the interior shank is made.
The head 11, may be secured upon the other end of the shank in a similar
manner to that already described for the back 9, or in some cases the ordinary
metallic front 11", may be used as shown in Fig. 2.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this our suid
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we, claim, is:
The combination in a collar or similar stud of the shank having opened ends
taking into an undercut recess in the back 9, or in the front 11, and then, further
opened until the required security is obtained substantially as set forth and
shown.
Dated this 26th day of April 1895.
CHARLES T. POWELL,
Applicants' Agent.