IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WARMING AND VENTILATING BUILDINGS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Weems, Engineer, Perseverance Ironworks,
Johnstone, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WARMING AND VENTILATING BUILDINGS."
Sealed the 22nd August 1876, and dated the 28th February 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Weems at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th February 1876.
WILLIAM WEEMS, Engineer, Perseverance Ironworks, Johnstone, in the County
of Renfrew, North Britain, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
WARMING AND VENTILATING BUILDINGS."
This Invention relates, firstly, to the construction of steam or hot water stoves
or coils, wherein a large amount of heating or radiating surfaces is contained
within a limited compass, and consists of a series of pipes or tubes, on which is
cast a number of gills or flanges with a longitudinal diaphragm or central division.
When steam or hot water is admitted to the central tubes the heat by con-
ductivity is communicated to the gills, and by their radiation the heat is imparted
to the surrounding air, and the central division or diaphragm creates a strong
upward current, rapidly heating the internal atmosphere of the building in which
the stove may be situated, while securing a constantly revolving circulation of
the air.
In large buildings, such as hospitals, asylums, workhouses, and public institutions,
we prefer, where it can be accomplished, to place these heating stoves in the
recesses of the windows, or recesses specially prepared for their admission, otherwise
in convenient. situations.
Regulating openings for the admission of fresh air may be so placed that its
entrance coming in contact with the heated surfaces is distributed throughout the
apartment with a
warm and genial temperature, while the vitiated air escapes
through suitable ventilating orifices.
Another modification of this Invention consists in arranging in the interior of
the steam stove a valve with a water float and lever and expansion air tube or rod
for the removal of the air and also the water of condensation while preventing the
[ Price Gd 1

page_text: escape of steam, so that the heating apparatus is complete within itself or in
connection with any number of heating 'stoves. When arranged in groups or coils
a large amount of heated air is generated within a small space.
Another modification consists in having a cylindrical or otherwise shaped shell
or case with ends, through which pass a series of tubes. The steam or hot water
introduced into the case surrounds the tubes externally, while the air of the
apartment to be heated comes into contact with the interior of the tubes, and.
therefore a current of hot air is kept constantly revolving throughout the building,
or a current of heated fresh air may be admitted through the apparatus while the
vitiated air escapes.
In order to increase the heating surfaces flanges or gills may be cast on the
external case to give an additional heating power.
Another modification of this Invention for heating buildings by the combined
action of steam and hot water consists in having a tubular or multitubular heating
apparatus as described in the previous modification. Steam is introduced into the
interior of the tubes, and the water to be heated extends into the case, having an
inlet and outlet opening surrounding the tubes externally, and as the water is
heated it flows or circulates through the hot water pipes or appliances within the
building, and as the temperature of the water is reduced it returns to be reheated,
and by this means a sectional system of heating by hot water is obtained, while
the steam generator may be placed in any convenient situation. Under this
modification the water to be heated may pass through the interior of the tubes
while the steam surrounds the exterior; this ensures a constant supply of hot
water.
Another modification of this Invention relates to a self-acting governor for
controlling the temperature of hot water for heating purposes, and consists in
having a chamber fitted with an india-rubber or elastic diaphragm, the centre of
which is attached to a rod or piston communicating with a lever or rod connected
to a valve on the steam pipe or the damper of the boiler flue. The under side of
the diaphragm is open to a chamber containing water or other fluid operated on by
the temperature of the hot water apparatus. As the heat of the water increases
beyond the desired temperature the fluid in the chamber expands and raises the
india-rubber diaphragm and the lever which is attached, to the valve or damper,
thereby checking the heat and reducing the temperature of the water.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Weems in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 24th August
1876.
WILLIAM WEEMS, of Johnstone, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WARMING AND VENTILATING
BUILDINGS."
This Invention relates firstly to the construction of steam or hot water stoves
or coils, wherein a large amount of heating or radiating surfaces is contained
within a limited compass, and consists of a series of pipes or tubes on which is
cast a number of gills or flanges with a longitudinal diaphragm or central division.
When steam or hot water is admitted to the centre of the tubes the heat by
conductivity is communicated to the gills, and by the radiation the heat is imparted
to the surrounding air, and the central division or diaphragm creates a strong
upward current, rapidly heating the internal atmosphere of the building in which
the stove may be situated, while securing a constantly revolving circulation of
the air.
Fig. 1 represents a section, elevation, cross section, and end view of an apparatus

page_text: constructed according to this modification, and having three pipes or tubes with
gills or flanges; Fig. 2, partly in elevation, partly m section, and an end view,
has only two pipes; while Fig. 3, in elevation and section, has only one pipe;
Fig. 4, in elevation and plan, partly in section with end view, shows a mode of
extended heating surface with corrugated gills or blades; and Figr. 5 has a greater
heating area by the introduction of vertical air tubes between the corrugated
flanges.
In large buildings, such as hospitals, asylums, workhouses, and public institutions,
we prefer, where it can be accomplished, to place these heating stoves in the
recesses of the windows, as shewn at Figr. 6, or recesses specially prepared for their
admission, otherwise in convenient situations.
Regulating openings for the admission of fresh air may be so placed that its
entrance coming in contact with the heated surfaces is distributed throughout the
apartments with a warm and genial temperature, while the vitiated air escapes
through suitable ventilating orifices.
Another modification of this Invention, as shown at Figs. 7 and 8, consists in
arranging in the interior of the steam stove a valve with a water float and lever
and expansion air tube or rod for the removal of the air and also the water of
condensation while preventing the escape of steam, so that the heating apparatus
is complete within itself or in connection with any number of heating stoves.
When arranged in groups or coils a large amount of heated air is generated within
a small space.
Another modification consists, as shown at Fig. 9, in having a cylindrical or
otherwise shaped shell or case with ends, through which pass a series of tubes.
The steam or hot water introduced into the case surrounds the tubes externally,
while the air of the apartment to be heated comes into contact with the interior of
the tubes, and therefore a current of hot air is kept constantly revolving throughout
the building; or a current of heated fresh air may be admitted through the
apparatus while the vitiated air escapes.
To ensure a complete ventilation of the building it is only necessary to place
the apparatus in a ventilating shaft, which will give a rapid removal of the
vitiated air.
In order to increase the heating surfaces of the apparatus shown at Figr. 9 flanges
or gills may be cast on the external case, as shown at Fig. 10, to give an additional
heating power.
Another modification of this Invention for heating buildings by the combined
action of steam and hot water consists in having a tubular or multitubular heating
apparatus, as shown at Fig. 11, with vertical tubes, and Fig. 12, with a spiral coil
of tube. Steam is introduced into the interior of the tubes, and the water to be
heated enters into the case, having an inlet and outlet opening surrounding the
tubes externally, and as the water is heated it flows or circulates through the hot
water pipes or appliances within the building, and as the temperature of the water
is reduced it returns to be reheated, and by this means a sectional system of
heating by hot water is obtained, while the steam generator or boiler may be
placed in any convenient situation with a pipe connection to the heating apparatus.
Under this modification the water to be heated may pass through the interior of
the tubes while the steam surrounds the exterior; this system ensures a constant
supply of hot water.
Another modification of this Invention relates to a self-acting governor for
controlling the temperature of hot water for heating purposes, as shown at Fig. 13;
it consists in having a chamber fitted with an india-rubber or elastic diaphragm,
the centre of which is attached to a rod or piston communicating. with a lever or
rod connected to a valve ou the steam pipe or the damper of the boiler flue. The
under side of the diaphragin is open to a chamber containing water or other fluid
operated on by the temperature of the hot water apparatus. As the heat of the
water increases beyond the desired temperature the fluid in the chamber expands

page_text: and raises the india-rubber diaphragin and the lever which is attached to the
valve or damper, thereby checking the heat and reducing the temperature of the
water.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Weems, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Sixteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord Eighteen
hundred and seventy-six.
Witness,
GEORGE EDWARD,
Perseverance Ironworks,
Johnstone.
WILLIAM WEEMS. (L.S.)