Improvements in or relating to Deflectors or Baffles for the Furnaces of Locomotive and other Steam Generators.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Apr., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 16th Jan., 1899-Accepted, 18th Feb., 1899
Improvements in or relating to Deflectors or Baffles for the Furnaces
of Locomotive and other Steam Generators.
I, CHARLES SCHLEYDER, Engineer, of Zditz, Bohemia, Austria, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows;-
-
The deflectors or baffles at present in use have the disadvantage that the flames
do not directly touch the lower and often also the central series of the fire-tubes
and besides the series of tubes are liable to become clogged by ashes etc. whereby
a considerable portion of the direct heating surface is lost, the consequence being
a slower production of steam, as it is well known that liquids are converted into
steam much more quickly when heated from the bottom upwards.
In order to attain a uniform distribution of flames in the fire-box and also
more particularly to utilise the heating surface of the lower tubes, the fire box
is according to this invention divided into several parts, both in horizontal and
vertical directions, by carrying either parallel or diverging or angle-shaped baffles
or plates of refractory material as will be better understood from the following
description.
In the back part or section of the fire box there is built in or secured along
the whole width of the fire box a short upwardly projecting baffle or plate on
a short or long brick close to the lower tubes at say an angle of 30°, and in such
manner as not to close or cover any of the fire tubes. In the next forward section
there is also arranged a horizontal (or inclined plate or it may be of an angle
shape) in such manner that there is formed a passage between the two plates.
In this section there is arranged a screen or baffle either upwardly or downwardly
inclined or of a flat or angle shape in such manner that there are formed between
it and the second plate and between it and the front wall of the fire box passages
for the flames.
If the fire box be very long, a fourth plate may be arranged in the same way.
The angle of inclination, the number and length or shape of the various plates
and deflectors depend on the length and height of the fire box and they are either
arranged without additional supports, or-more particularly when they are angle
shaped and therefore heavy-said plates may be supported by posts or blocks, or
in other suitable manner..
The result of this arrangement of plate is, as the fire box is divided into several
compartments and as there are passages between the separate plates, in which
passages the escaping gases produce a partial vacuum, that the combustion of fuel
is very perfect, owing to the continuous entrance of air, so that a considerable
saving in coal is effected.
As the fire box is divided by the plates into several compartments, the com-
bustion also becomes uniform on the whole grate-surface, whereas with the baffles
used hitherto there is generally produced under them a "dead" fire, while on
the contrary in the front part of the fire box the fire is too strong, so that the
firing is not at all uniform.

page_text: By means of the arrangement according to the present invention, the following
results are attained.
1) The fuel burns uniformly over the whole of the grate.
2) All the fire tubes obtain heat direct from the flame.
3) The water in the boiler is more effectually heated from the bottom, whereby
the generation of steam becomes much quicker.
The new construction results also in the flames gases and particles of coal
(which have a tendency to escape from the chimney) becoming mixed and crossing
each other's paths in the passages between the screens or plates so that the com-
bustion of the gases becomes increased and the escaping coal dust is caused to
fall again either on to the grate or on to the incandescent plates, so that said
particles of coal become completely consumed.
Finally the new construction produces a much better combustion of the coal
particles or dust coming in contact with the baffle plates which become
white-hot, than is the case with the screens or bridges used hitherto, as in the
new construction the escaping coal-gases etc. come in contact with all sides of
the screens.
This results in the following advantages.
1) A considerably better and quicker production of steam, as the lower fire-
tubes become operative.
2) A more perfect combustion of the fuel whereby the consumption is reduced
by 10-15% over ordinary arrangements.
3) A much smaller production of sparks, as the coal-gases burn more completely
owing to their coming in contact with the baffle plates on both or all sides and
as the coal particles are deflected several times by the plates and repeatedly fall
on or towards the grate.
4) In a locomotive the speed is better owing to the more efficient production
of steam; the closing of the blast-pipe (valve, cone etc.) becomes almost completely
unnecessary as the power of the locomotive is considerably increased.
5) Saving of fuel, while at the same time inferior coal can be used.
תני
1
P
ג'
1000
Improvements in or relating to Deflectors or Baffles for the Furnaces
of Locomotive and o.her Steam Generators.
I, KARL SCHILEYDER, Engineer, of Zditz, Bohemia, Austria, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The deflectors or baffles at present in use have the disadvantage, that the flames
do not directly touch the lower and often also the central series of the fire-tubes
and besides the series of tubes are liable to become clogged by ashes etc. whereby
a considerable portion of the direct heating surface is lost, the consequence bring
a slower production of steam, as it is well known that liquids are converted into
steam much more quickly when heated from the bottom upwards.
In order to attain a uniform distribution of flames in the fire-box and also more
particularly to better utilize the heating surface of the lower tubes, the fire box
is according to this invention divided into several parts, both in horizontal and
vertical directions, by arranging either parallel or diverging or angle-shaped baffles

page_text: or plates FF2 of refractory material as will be better understood from the
following description and accompanying drawing which shows a convenient
arrangement of baffle plates or screens.
In the back part or section of the fire box F there is built in or secured along
the whole width of the fire-box a short baffle or plate F¹ projecting upwards
towards the front of the furnace on a suitable support close to the lower tubes at
say an angle of 30°, and in such manner as not to close or cover any of the fire
tubes. In the next forward section there is also arranged an inclined plate F
which may be of an angle shape as shown in such manner that there is formed
a passage between the two plates F1 F2. In a third section there may, if desired,
be arranged a screen or baffle either upwardly or downwardly inclined or of a flat
or angle shape in such manner that there are formed between it and the second
plate and between it and the front wall of the fire box, suitable passages for
the flames.
If the fire-box be very long, a fourth plate may be arranged in a similar way.
The angle of inclination, the number and length and shape of the various plates
and deflectors depend on the length and height of the fire-box and they are either
arranged without additional supports, or, more particularly when they are angle-
shaped and therefore heavy-said plates may be supported by posts or blocks, or
in other suitable manner.
The result of this arrangement of screens is, as the fire box is divided into two
or more compartments and as there are passages between the separate plates, in.
which passages the escaping gases produce a partial vacuum or suction that the
combustion of fuel is very perfect, owing to the continuous entrance of air, so
that a considerable saving in coal is effected.
65
As the fire-box is divided by the screens into several compartments, the com-
bustion also becomes uniform over the whole grate-surface, whereas with the
baffles used hitherto there is generally produced under them a
dead" fire,
while, on the other hand, in the front part of the fire-box the fire is too strong,
so that the firing is not at all uniform.
By means of the arrangement according to the present invention, the following
results are attained:
1) The fuel burns uniformly over the whole of the grate.
2) All the fire tubes obtain heat direct from the flame.
3) The water in the boiler is more effectually heated from the bottom, whereby
the generation of steam becomes much quicker.
The new construction results also in the flames, gases and particles of coal
(which have a tendency to escape up the chimney) becoming mixed and crossing
cach other's paths in the passages between the screens or plates so that the com-
bustion of the gases becomes increased and the escaping coal dust is caused to
fall again either onto the grate or onto the incandescent screens so that said
particles of fuel become completely consumed.
Finally the new construction produces a much better combustion of the coal-
particles or dust coming in contact with the baffle plates F¹ F2 etc. which become
white-hot, than is the case with the screens or bridges used hitherto, as in the
new construction the escaping coal-gases etc. come in contact with all sides of
the screens.
This results in the following advantages:
-
1) A considerably better and quicker production of steam as the lower fire-
tubes are fully utilized.
2) A more perfect combustion of the fuel whereby the consumption of fuel is
reduced by 10-15%, over ordinary arrangements.
3) A much smaller production of sparks, as the coal-gases burn more completely
owing to their coming in contact with the baffle plates on both or all sides and
as the coal-particles are deflected several times by the plates and repeatedly fall
on or towards the grate.
4) In a locomotive the speed is better owing to the more efficient production

page_text: of steam; the closing of the blast-pipe (valve, cone etc.) becomes almost completely
unnecessary, as the power of the locomotive is considerably increased.
5) Saving of fuel, while at the same time inferior coal can be used.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. In a steam generator furnace the employment of plates or baffles of refractory
material, dividing the fire box into two or more parts in both more or less hori-
zontal and vertical directions, so that uniform heating of the whole fire-box and
more particularly of the lower tubes is attained, passages being formed between
the plates, whereby the flames are caused to cross and intermingle and the gases
and the coal particles are deflected from the plates back to or towards the fire,
substantially as described.
2. In a steam generator furnace the use of deflectors or baffles substantially
as described or illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 16th day of January 1899.
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.