Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Feb., 1888
Complete Left, 29th Mar., 1888
Complete Accepted, 4th May, 1888
1 HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine Lake & Co. Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
My invention comprises an improved hollow mast or spar and the method or
process of manufacturing the same, the details of which are hereinafter set forth.
The object of my said invention is to produce a mast of much lighter weight than
those commonly in use. Heretofore hollow masts have been impracticable on account
of their weakness, but by the simple process of coating the shell with cloth and paper
in the manner hereinafter described a hollow inast is formed, much lighter than the
ordinary solid mast and at the same time quite as strong. Lightness of masts or
spars is a great desideratum in yachts, especially in those used for racing purposes.
In carrying the said invention into practice the shell of the mast is preferably made
in two or more strips or sections, cut to the requisite length and given the proper
shape. According to one form of the said invention the shell is made up of eight
strips each of which is rounded on the outside, and on the inside may be either flat
so as to form an octagon on the inside when the pieces are put together, or may be
gouged out to make a circle on the inside. These sections are glued or otherwise
secured together around internal supporting rings or braces placed at intervals along
the interior of the. shell.. At the bottom is the core having at its lower end a step.

page_text: This step-core as well as the top or closing core is made preferably in two half
sections so as to be gouged out on the inside. Any number of sections may be
employed to make up the shell, as two, four or six, and the strips may be tongued
together if desired. In one form the said shell is made in four pieces, the strips being
gouged out on the inside to form a corrugated interior the portions of the strips or
sections thus gouged out, are those portions between the joints, and I thus secure
wide bearing surfaces for gluing the strips together, and have at the samo time
a much lighter and stronger mast by reason of the gouging out of the superflous
wood between the joints, than if the interior were of circular section. In this case
no braces are necessary and the step may be formed on the shell itself instead of on I
a coro as in the first case. If the mast is made in two pieces or sections, they are
gouged out to the required thickness of shell, and when put together the transverse
section is preferably a circle both inside and outside.
The proportions of a mast 30 feet long such as I use for cat boats or for sloops, are
as follows-The bottom 5 inches in diameter, middlo section 6 to 8 inches in diameter, 1
and the top 4 inches in diameter.
Having thus prepared the shell of the mast I first coat the same both inside
and out with any suitable material, to keep and protect thour from the weather, and
put the parts together.
I next take a piece of cloth, or other suitable material, preferably coarse buckram 2
or canvas of light weight, such as is used by bookbinders and is made especially
for their business, and cut it into strips of about three inches in width. This cloth is
then stretched in a dry condition on any suitable machine and afterwards coated with
glue and white lead in the act of winding it on the mast.
To wind on the cloth I commence at the bottom of the mast, and wind spirally
upward toward the top where I turn, and continue the winding to the bottom of the
mast; this may be repeated several times according to the strength of the mast
desired. I commonly make from two to four windings on the ordinary mast.
The coating with which the cloth is treated during the operation of winding causes
it to adhere firmly and closely to the mast. The spiral produced by the winding of
the cloth I seldom make less than 45 degrees and I vary the angle in accordance with
the amount of strain or twist which is likely to come upon the mast when in use,
the general rule being the greater the strain or twist to which it will be subjected the
greator should be the angle of the spiral. The cloth so wound upon the mast
gives it great strength and firmness and prevents it from breaking under the severe
strain to which it is subjected when in use.
After the cloth has been wound upon the mast, as described, I lay the mast aside to
dry and harden, and then when it is dry, cover it with paper, preferably parchment,
or a fibrous paper, wound over the cloth, not spirally, but straight around the
mast in sections of about 20 or 24 inches in width, commencing preferably at the
centre of the mast, and working to each end, the paper slightly overlapping at
its edges.
The paper is treated in nearly the same manner as the cloth, with the exception
that I first dampen the strip of paper and afterwards dry it between rolls or under
pressure of felt. During the operation of winding, the paper is treated like the cloth
with the same preparation of glue and white lead.
After this the mast is put aside to dry, and lastly I coat it with a waterproof
varnish. When this is dry the mast is ready for use. I have found by experience
that it is better to form the interior of the shell of the hollow mast by gouging it out
than by boring. The coating of white load and glue I preferably make in the
proportion of four parts by weight of glue to one part of white lead. A mast made
in accordance with my process has, among its other qualities, that of durability and
strength and is especially adapted to boats where great strength is desirable in
the mast.
The strength may also be considerably increased by covering the joints on the
inside of the shell with a suitable material such as, for instance, is used on the outside
of the shell; one way of doing this is by glueing together. half the sections at a time

page_text: so as to form but two pieces and then previous to the final glueing together to form
the complete shell, covering the joints on the inside with strips of cloth and then of
paper using the same preparation of glue and whito lead as in the outside wrapping.
All but two of the joints may thus be easily covered on the inside, in a mast closed at
its ends. In a mast closed by a core, all the joints could be easily covered.
Not only are masts made to great advantage in the manner described but also
top-masts club and gaff topsail poles, spanker booms and all spars. In addition to the
advantages already enumerated, spars and masts thus made will always remain
bright and will not blister. Thus the annoyance of frequently scraping is entirely
done away with.
1000
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex do hereby declare the nature of
the said invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My Invention comprises an improved hollow mast or spar and the method or
process of manufacturing the same, the details of which are hereinafter set forth.
The object of my said Invention is to produce a mast of much lighter weight than
those commonly in use. Heretofore hollow masts have been impracticable on account
of their weakness, but by the simple process of coating the shell with cloth and paper
in the manner hereinafter described, a hollow mast is formed much lighter than the
ordinary solid mast and at the same time quite as strong. Lightness of masts or spars
is a great desideratum in yachts, especially in those used for racing purposes.
Referring to the accompanying Drawings.
Figure I shows in longitudinal section one form of the shell of my improved mast
the section being taken on y, y Figure 2.
Figure 2 is a transverse section of the same.
Figures 3 and 4 are respectively longitudinal and transverse sections of another
form of the shell, Figure 3 being a section on z, z Figuro 4.
Figuro 5 shows in elevation the shell of the mast ready for winding.
Figuro 6 shows the method of coating the shell with cloth.
Figuro 7 represents the mast with its outer coating of paper.
At
In carrying the said Invention into practice the shell of the mast is proferably
made in two or more strips or sections, cut to the requisite length and given the
proper shape. Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 show two forins of shell. As shown in
Figures 3 and 4 the shell is made up of eight strips each of which is rounded on the 2
outside, and on the inside may be either Hat as here shown so as to form an octagon
on the insido when the pieces are put together, or may bo gouged out to make a circlo
on the inside. These sections are glued or otherwise secured together around internal
supporting rings or braces F placed at intervals along the interior of the shell.
the bottom is the core E having at its lower end a step e.
the top or closing core E¹ is made preferably in two half sections so as to be gouged
This stop-core E as well as 3
out on the inside as represented in Figure 3. Any number of sections a may bo
employed to make up the shell, as two, four, or six, and the strips may be tongued
together if desired. In Figures 1 and 2 are shown a good form of shell made in four
pieces a¹ a¹ a" a" the strips being gouged out on the inside to form a corrugated 3
interior. The portions of the strips or sections thus gouged out, are those portions
between the joints, and I thus secure wide hearing surfaces for gluing the strips
together, and have at the same time a much lighter and stronger mast, by reason of
the gouging out of the superfluous wood between the joints, than if the interior were
of circular section. In this case no braces are necessary and the stop e may be 40

page_text: formed on the shell itself instead of on a core as in the first case. If the mast is made
in two pieces or sections, they are gouged out to the required thickness of shell and
when put together the transverse section is preferably a circle both inside and
ontside.
The proportions of a mast 30 feet long such as I use for cat boat or for sloops, are
as follows: The bottom 5 inches in diameter, middle section 6 to 8 inches in
diameter and the top 4 inches in diameter.
Having thus prepared the shell of the mast I first coat the same both inside and out
with any suitable material, to keep and protect them from the weather, and put the
parts together as shown in Figure 5.
I next take a piece of cloth, or other suitable material, preferably coarse buckram
or canvas of light weight, such as is used by book binders and is made especially for
their business, and cut it into strips C of about three inches in width. This cloth is
then stretched in a dry condition on any suitable machine and afterwards coated with
glue and white lead in the act of winding it on the mast.
To wind on the cloth I commence at the bottom, of the mast, as shown in Figure 6,
and wind spirally upward toward the top where I turn and continue the winding to
the bottom of the mast; this may be repeated several times according to the strength
of the mast desired. I commonly make from two to four windings on the ordinary
mast.
The coating with which the cloth is treated during the operation of winding causes
it to adhere firmly and closely to the mast. The spiral produced by the winding of
the cloth I seldom make less than 45 degrees and I vary the angle in accordance with
the amount of strain or twist which is likely to come upon the mast when in use, the
general rule being the greater the strain or twist to which it will be subjected the
greater should be the angle of the spiral. The cloth so wound upon the mast gives it
great strength and firmness and prevents it from breaking under the severe strain to
which it is subjectod when in use.
After the cloth has been wound upon the mast, as described, I lay the mast aside to
dry and harden, and then when it is dry, cover it with paper D, preferably parchment,
or a fibrous paper, wound over the cloth, not spirally, but straight around the mast in
sections of about 20 or 24 inches in width, commencing preferably at the centre of
the mast, and working to each end, the paper slightly overlapping at its edges, as
represented in Figure 4.
The paper is treated in nearly the same manner as the cloth, with the exception
that I first dampen the strip of paper and afterwards dry it between rolls or under
pressure of felt. During the operation of winding, the paper is treated like the cloth
with the same preparation of glue and white lead.
After this the mast is put aside to dry, and lastly I coat it with a water proof
varnish. When this is dry the mast is ready for use.
I have found by experience
that it is better to form the interior of the shell of the hollow mast by gouging it out
than by boring. The coating of white lead and glue I preferably make in the pro-
portion of four parts by weight of glue to one part of white lead. A mast made in
accordance with my process has, among its other qualities, that of durability and
strength and is especially adapted to boats where great strength is desirable in the
mast.
The strength may also be considerably increased by covering the joints on the
inside of the shell with a suitable material such as, for instance, is used on the outside
of the shell; one way of doing this is by gluing together half the sections at a time so
as to form but two pieces, and then previous to the final gluing together to form the
complete shell, covering the joints on the inside with strips of cloth and then of paper
using the same preparation of glue and white load as in the outside wrapping. All
but two of the joints may thus be easily covered on the inside, in a mast closed at its
ends. In a mast closed by a core, all the joints could be easily covered.
Not only are masts made to great advantage in the manner described but also top-
masts, club and gaff topsail poles, spanker booms and all spars. In addition to the
advantages already enumerated, spars and masts thus made will always remain bright

page_text: and will not blister. Thus the annoyance of frequently scraping is entirely done away
with.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the samo is to be performed as communicated to me by
my foreign correspondent I declare that what I claim is,
First. A hollow mast or spar whose shell is made of a number of longitudinal strips
secured together around internal supporting rings placed at intervals in the interior of
the mast, substantially as described.
Second. A hollow mast or spar whose shell is composed of longitudinal strips
gouged out between the joints to form a corrugated interior, substantially as and for
the purposes described.
Third. A hollow mast or spar whose shell is made of two or more longitudinal
strips, the inside joints of which are covered with suitable material, such as prepared
strips of cloth and paper, as and for the purposes substantially as described.
Fourth. The herein described process of making a hollow mast or spar consisting
of first winding the shell with a spiral coating of cloth, then winding over the cloth a
coating of paper and lastly coating the whole with water proof material, substantially
as described.
Fifth. The herein described process of making a hollow mast or spar consisting of
first forming a shell of two or moro longitudinal strips, winding said shell with a
spiral coating of cloth treated with a compound of white lead and glue, and then
winding over the cloth a coating of paper treated with said compound, and lastly
coating the whole with water proof material, substantially as described.
Sixth. The herein described process of making a hollow mast or spar consisting of
forming the shell in longitudinal strips, covering the joints on the inside of said shell
with suitable material, winding the outside of the shell first with a spiral coating of
cloth and then with a coating of paper, and lastly covering the whole with water proof
material, substantially as described.
Sovonth. A hollow mast or spar consisting of a shell covered with an inner spiral
coating of cloth, an outer coating of paper and suitable water proof material,
substantially as described.
Eighth. A hollow mast or spar consisting of a shell covered with an inner spiral
coating of cloth, treated with a compound of white lead and glue, a coating of paper
treated with said compound, and an outer coating of water proof varnish, substantially
as described.
DL: 00
3
1 3000