A MACHINE FOR THE EXPEDITING THE MANUFACTURE OF, AND THE MORE READILY AND EASILY MAKING AND MANUFACTURING OF HORSE SHOES, NAILS, BRADS, AND SEVERAL OTHER ARTICLES OF IRON, AND OTHER METALS
Year: 1797

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
COATES, of Edward Street, in the Parish of Christ Church, in the County of
Surrey, Carpenter and Builder, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Thirty-first day of January, in the thirty-seventh year of His
reign, did give and grant unto me, the said George Coates, His special licence
for the sole use and exercise of my new Invention of "A MACHINE FOR THE
EXPEDITING THE MANUFACTURE OF, AND THE MORE READILY AND EASILY MAKING AND
MANUFACTURING OF HORSE SHOES, NAILS, BRADS, AND SEVERAL OTHER ARTICLES OF
IRON, AND OTHER METALS;" within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, for and during the term of years therein expressed, in which said
Letters Patent there is contained a proviso, obliging me, the said Georgo
Coates, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to cause a
particular description of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within one calendar month next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereto had, will
more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
George Coates, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, is described in the Plan hereto

page_text: annexed, or drawn in the margin of these presents, and the following descrip-
tion thereof, that is to say:-
Figure 1 presents an end view of the machine; Figure 2, a side view. The
frame is similar in construction to those in common use for flatting and rolling
metals. A and A, standards; B, bed; Cand C. perpendicular rollers; D and
E, horizontal rollers; the roller E has teeth sunk round the largest diameter.
Figure 3 shews the application of the machine to making horse shoes.
Figure 4, a bed,, with a mould or moulds fixed on at a proper distanco the
form and thickness of the inside of a shoe, as at 1. A rack tooth is formed on
the under side of the bed to apply to that sunk in the roller E; the metal is
laid across the bed, as at K. The machine being in motion by any given
power, as cattle, horses, water. &c., the bed is applied to the machine, which
is so constructed as only to admit its entering at a proper place. As the
beil advances, the metal K presses against the rollers C and C, which rollers
force the metal round the mould I, with the assistance of the friction rollers
G and G, pressing against an irregular wedge fixed round the wheels ŀl and El,
on the ends of the roller E, as little a, which brings up the heel of the shoe
at. pleasure. The perpendicular rollers Cand Cand friction rollers G and G, are
to be so constructed as to admit the space between them to be extended or
diminished, and also to fix the rollers C and C at a given distance, when the
friction rollers G and G may be silent, which is done by separate frames
sliding within each other. The irregular motion may be produced various
ways. Shoes are also turned with the rollers D and E running nearly close
with their surfaces, by tracing the shape of the bed, Figure 4, and forming it
on the rollers D and E, and also forming the mould I on the bottom roller;
the metal being applied as before will produce the same effect, care being
taken that the rollers C and C act freely against the shoulders of the rollers D
and E. Or the turning may be performed by a bed sliding on a flat surface
with the action of the rollers C and C. For groving and making nail holes,
usually termed fullering, see Figure 5, a mould or moulds sunk in a bed with
.chissels and punches united, a proper form inserted to stand sufficiently above
the lower surface in the mould; the metal taken from Figure 4, after the first
operation and applied to the mould in Figure 5. and passed through the
machine, will produce the impression wanted. The shoe may be formed at
pleasure by adding or diminishing to the parts of the rollers that presses its
surface. Observe the perpendicular rollers C and C are silent during this
operation. They may also be fullered between the surfaces of the rollers D
and E by having a mould sunk and chisels inserted, as in the bed, Figure 5,

page_text: or they may be fullered by hand, or a tilt hammer constructed for that purpose.
For making nails, see Figure 6, at the end of the roller E, a head is put on,
in which is inserted on the face by means of holes prepared two pieces of
tempered steel in the form of a shank and tack or bill of a nail intended to be
made, as at M, and to act as a shear when the machine is in motion. Against
the face of the head a bed is constructed near the centre, united with the other,
to receive two pieces of tempered steel, as N and N, to be fixed secure from
moving at a proper distance from the head, and the form to admit the shears
M, M, to pass close and freely. The shears N, N, on the bed are screwed
down, and a set screw at the end of each is applied to keep them up to their
work. Little e, e, are stops fixed a little above the surface of the shears N, N,
to guide the metal. Apply your metal (being previously brought to a proper
width and thickness, which must be the depth of the tack wider than the
shears,) pressing it gently against the head and on one of the shears N, close
to the stop, and as the shears M revolve the shank of a nail is produced; the
metal is instantly to be removed on the other shear N, and close to the stop,
which produces the same effect, and so to continue moving the metal from side
to side; a groove is sunk in the head under each of the shears M and M, as
wide as the tack, to admit the back tack to slip in freely, while the shears
operate. By this means a tack on both sides of the shank is produced, which
is necessary for heading; or the same effect may be produced by having
a shear or shears on the front of the roller E, and a bed constructed with a
shear or shears as at N. If one pair of shears is worked, the metal must be
turned after every operation of the shears, which will produce the same effect
as slipping it from one to the other; care is to be taken that the shears never
operate on the whole surface of the metal at once, but in part. A fly wheel is
to be fixed at one end of the roller, to give velocity, that the action of the
shears do not impede the motion. A head is given by the bed, Figure 7, the
checks being moveable, and being filled with the shanks taken from the first
process, which will hang on the tacks, and passing through the machine, the
rollers C and C being fixed, to prevent the cheeks from spreading, while the
upper roller presses a head, which may be varied at pleasure by the form given
to the upper roller, and also by the nail meeting the roller on an angular
direction, which is done by the cheeks of the bed running nearly close, and a
space cut angle ways on each side of the bed at small distances from each
other, by which means flat and round heads may be produced; or the same
effect may be produced by circular cheeks slipped loose with a stop on the
bottom roller, and made to receive the nails as the straight bed, which will

page_text: save the trouble of moving the bed in and out. Brads or battons are made
by the first process. only the iron must not be wider than the shear, as a tack
on one side is suflicient. Stapels, see Figure 8: A bed, with a mould for
inside, similar to that for turning horse shoes, with a groove sunk on the
incline that the roller may draw out the shanks; they may be made of either
square or round metal, cut of proper lengths and laid across the bed. Ruffs,
used in boat building for clenching their nails, Figure 9: A bed, sunk the
depth and width required, and place on a proper direction knives or chissels in
grooves, and fix a punch between each chissel to have one general surface.
The metal used for that purpose is placed on the knives and passed through
the machine, and the rollers D and E pressing on its surface gives the
impression; a guide piece must be constructed to keep the metal on its proper
place. It is to be observed that each of the straight moveable beds used in
this machine is to have a rack tooth to correspond with that sunk in roller E,
and also the rollers are so constructed as to move a greater or lesser distance
from each other by screws or wedges, and may be fixed at pleasure. Thimbles
for ropes are turned on a bed similar to horse shoes, the iron being previously
brought to a proper swage in rollers sunk for that purpose. This machine
may be constructed with iron or other metals, care being taken to introduce
tempered steel to the parts where the greatest action and friction appears.
The metals intended to be manufactured, as iron, steel, copper, &c., are in
general to have a proper heat. For turning horse shoes the first tooth in the
bed, Figure 4, is longer on each side than the other, and also two teeth in the
roller E are sunk wider to admit them to drop in, which must be at the centro
on the opposite sides, otherwise the irregular motion given by the wedge would
not act with the irregular edges of the bed. Observe the perpendicular
rollers C and C are placed in a frame to run freely, which frame slides on
bearings constructed for that purpose; also, the friction rollers G and G are
placed in a separate frame, which slides within the frame where the rollers C
and C are placed.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-
seventh day of February, One thousand seven hundred and ninety-
PAHAR

page_text: before
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Twenty-seventh day of
February, in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid, George Coates came
our Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the
Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute in that case made and provided.
Inrolled the same Twenty-seventh day of February, in the year above
written.