matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN REVERSING GEAR FOR ENGINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. left by Washington Champion Rawlins
and Arthur Knowles at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 4th May 1870.
We, WASHINGTON CHAMPION RAWLINS and ARTHUR KNOWLES, of
Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REVERSING GEAR FOR ENGINES,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention has for its object simplifying the construction of the
reversing gear of engines, whether worked by steam, water, air, or gas.
To effect this we dispense with the extra eccentric, eccentric rod-link,
together with the gear for working the link.
For the ordinary steam cock or valve we substitute a four-way cock
(or a valve according to circumstances), one branch for bringing the
steam from the boiler, one for the exhaust steam to the chimney or
wherever else it may be desirable to lead it, and the other two, either
steam or exhaust (according to the way the engine is going), that is to
say, if one branch be steam the other is exhaust, and vice versa. By
this means the steam is admitted either into the valve chest in the
ordinary way or through the exhaust port into the valve, and so into the

page_text: .
cylinder, in which case the exhaust steam escapes through the valve
chest and former steam pipe. One pipe being adopted as the steam
pipe from the boiler the steam makes its way along it through the cock
into the other, which is now a steam pipe, and so through the exhaust
port into the cylinder; but if this cock be turned so as to connect one 5
of these with another pipe then that becomes the steam pipe and admits
the steam to the other side of the valve and through the port. To keep
the valve close one or more steel or iron rings are fitted into the valve
bonnet and adjusted by means of one or more set screws.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR FASTENING AND UNFASTENING THE DOORS OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Michels at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
January 1870.
I, JOHN MICHELS, of Barnes, in the County of Surrey, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD
OF AND APPARATUS FOR FASTENING AND UNFASTENING THE DOORS OF RAILWAY
CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved method and apparatus for
fastening and unfastening the doors of railway carriages, thereby pre-
venting the necessity of operating separately upon each individual lock
or fastening, and consists in the application of catches or studs attached'
to or actuated by rods or bars, sliding through or supported by suitable
bearings at or near the upper and outer part, or the lower and outer part
of each side or bottom of the carriage. Connected to the rods at each
end of the carriage is a lever, by means of which the rods may be moved
longitudinally, thus bringing into action the studs or catches which may
take into projections on or recesses in the doors, or simply stand before
them and thus prevent the doors being opened until an opposite move-
ment of the lever is made. By connecting the levers on each side of
.

page_text: the carriage together, one pull or thrust according to the direction in
which it is moved, will fasten or release all the doors to any one carriage,
and by connecting together the rods of adjoining carriages each of the
doors of a considerable number of carriages may be similarly and
simultaneously operated upon by a lever in or attached to the guard's
break van.
In the like manner, according to the set or disposition of
the levers to the rods and catches a thrust or pull of the lever will fasten
the doors on one side of the carriage while it releases those on the other.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF QUILTS, TOILETINGS, AND OTHER FIGURED FABRICS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Nelson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th April,
1870.
I, WILLIAM NELSON, Foreman in the Employ of Messieurs Barlow and
Jones, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF QUILTS, TOILETINGS, AND OTHER FIGURED FABRICS," to be as
follows: :-
The object of these improvements in weaving quilts, toiletings, and
other figured fabrics is to obtain a well defined figure and a superior
fabric from a low and coarse quality of weft, the improvements are also
applicable to weſt of a superior quality.
In performing this Invention one yarn beam only is required, from
which both the plain and figured cloth are made, there are two ends or
warp threads in each dent of the reed, that is to say, one end from the
harness of the jacquard, and one end from the healds, or the fabric may
be made altogether by the jacquard machine. The mail yarn and
the heald yarn are so arranged as to weave a calico ground, and in the

page_text: figure the heald yarn rises two together and falls in the same way
alternately. By this method a jacquard machine will work a pattern
of double the size of the present arrangement, that is to say, a 400
machine will weave the same size of a pattern as an 800 machine as now
arranged.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR REELING SLIVERS OF WOOL DIRECT FROM THE GILL Box
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwd. Duce and Samuel Noble
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 24th February 1870.
We, EDW. DUCE and SAMUEL NOBLE, of Portland Street, Bradford,
in the County of York, Machine Makers, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
REELING SLIVERS OF WOOL DIRECT FROM THE GILL Box," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the construction and application of a drum
reel to the gill box for receiving the sliver as it is given off therefrom
instead of its being first wound upon a bobbin or bobbins and afterwards
taken off on to an ordinary reel. This drum reel is (by preference) con-
structed of tin with part of its circumference hinged to the other part or so
as to be capable of being moved inwards to facilitate the removal of the
hank of sliver therefrom. The said reel is mounted upon the bottom
part of a spindle which is in two parts or divided in its length and
joined by a slip coupling. The bottom part of this spindle is supported
by a footstep in a rail carried by the traverse frame, which rail is
capable of swivelling or oscillating therein when the slip coupling is

page_text: removed to allow the hank to be taken off more readily. The top
part of the spindle is supported in a bearing of another rail of the
said traverse frame, which also supports an ordinary kind of flyer for
winding the sliver upon the said reel. By this means or apparatus
slivers of wool can be reeled direct from the gill box.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-GRATES
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Milne, of St. Andrews, in the County of
Fife, Architect, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-GRATES."
Sealed the 5th July 1870, and dated the 22nd March 1870.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said John Milne at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and Declaration,
on the 22nd March 1870, pursuant to the 9th Section of the Patent
Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
MILNE, of St. Andrews, in the County of Fife, Architect, send
greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FIRE-GRATES," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent
for the same, and have made solemn Declaration that I am the true and
first Inventor thereof.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Milne, do hereby declare
that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and seal,

page_text: fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, in and by the following
statement, that is to say :-
The improvements consist in supplying air through tubes to be
arranged in or about fire-grates, and in connection with the external 5
air, and in such manner that the air may become heated in its passage
through such pipes, and be discharged or received into the room or
chamber it may be desired to heat.
Also in constructing fire-grates with a sloping bottom, whereby the
ashes may be cast to the back part of the grate and thus avoid the use 1
of ash pans.
The accompanying Drawing shows a convenient mode of carrying
out the improvements; but it is obvious that the details may be
considerably varied without departing from the nature of the im-
provements.
Figure 1 shows a front elevation, Figure 2 a sectional plan, Figure 3
a sectional elevation, and Figure 4 an elevation with front bars removed
of a grate constructed with the improvements as above set forth.
]
a, Figure 3, is a pipe of suitable construction for the admission of
external air, and connected with a pipe b passing up and round the 2
back of the grate, as shown, and entering the two ornamental upright
discharge pipes c, from whence, after being warmed when the grate is in
use, it passes heated into the room through the louvres d. When the
external air is shut off, which it may be when desired by the lever f,
Figure 3, a change of temperature and air is also provided by the heat
drawing the air in the room up the bell-mouth orifices e of the upright
pipes c. g, Figures 1, 2, and 3, shows the improved inclined bottom.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Milne, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand cight hundred and seventy.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Hucknall Rimes at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 22nd March 1870.
I, RICHARD HUCKNALL RIMES, of Bradford, in the County of York,
Boot and Shoe Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOTS AND SHOES," to be as follows:
"
This Invention relates to means or methods of effecting a close fitting
of the "
uppers about the ancle, and the object is to dispense with
the usual clastic sides, or buttoned or laced sides or fronts, or any kind
of fastener, and yet enable the wearer to place the boots on or remove
them from the foot with facility. For this purpose I continue the leg
or top part of the front upper on one or both sides so as to nearly meet
either behind or on one side of the ancle, enclosing or partly enclosing
the back part of the upper. To each extremity of the said front upper
I attach a tab either of leather, flexible metal, or other flexible material,
and I join these two tabs by an elastic strap of india-rubber, flat coiled
metal spring, or other elastic material passing around, or partly around,
the front part of the ancle in a slot formed betwixt the lining and the

page_text: "
outer leather, cloth, or other material of which the upper may be made
or outside thereof. Also I may attach to the back " upper" a metal
guide at the place of meeting of the ends or extremities of the front
'upper" to receive and guide the tabs, which guide may be made
ornamental, and not only act as a guide but as a cover to the joining
ends of the said upper. The boot may be made to open in front, at the
back, at either or each side of the front, or at either or both sides of the
back of the heel; or the continuation of the tabs may be fastened at
the back, side, or front of the boot.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR BRACES, BELTS, BANDS, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Lawley Parker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition on the
13th September 1870.
I, EDWARD LAWLEY PARKER, trading under the Firm of Bent and
Parker, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FASTENINGS FOR BRACES, BELTS, BANDS, AND OTHER ARTICLES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
fastenings for braces, belts, bands, and other articles.
I will describe my Invention as applied to a fastening for braces.
When applied to a brace fastening my said Invention is employed to
connect the tab plate of the fastening to the body or frame of the
fastening. On the lower part of the body or frame of the fastening, and
made in one piece therewith, is a projecting plate in the same plane as
the said body or frame; in this plate are two symmetrical perforations,
which together form an opening of an oblong figure with a bar down
its middle; this bar is narrow at its upper part, and enlarges to a
nearly circular figure at its middle and contracts at its lower part, the

page_text: lower part however being much broader than the upper part. On the
upper edge of the tab plate of the brace fastening are two spring arms,
the upper ends of which are curved out of the plane of the tab plate
and folded or doubled so as to form two hooks, the open inner sides of
which are presented to each other. The ends of these hooks are situated
at such a distance apart that when they are introduced into the
perforations or openings herein-before described in the body or frame
of the fastening, they readily pass the upper narrow part of the bar
and clip or embrace the enlarged or circular part of the said bar. It
is only be pulling-or-pressing-downwards_the_tab_plate, that the said
spring hooks open so as to pass the said curved or enlarged part and
close by their elasticity upon the lower contracted part of the bar.
The connection of the tab plate with the frame of the brace fastening
is now complete. In order to detach the tab plate from the frame it
is necessary to press the said tab plate upwards with sufficient force to
cause its spring hooks to expand or open and pass the curved or enlarged
part of the bar of the frame, after escaping from which the tab plate
is detached from the frame.
.
In applying my improvements to fastenings for belts, bands, and
other articles, the acting parts remain the same, but are attached to
loops or frames to which the two ends of the belt or band to be fastened
are connected. Although I prefer to make the parts of the fastenings
from sheet metal by the process of stamping, yet they may be made in
other ways.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TEXTILE FABRICS FOR BOOK COVERS, AND IN WEAVING THE SAME
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Barlow and Henry
Browne at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 3rd May 1870.
We, ALFRED BARLOW, of Albion Road, Dalston, in the County of
Middlesex, and HENRY BROWNE, of the same Place, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TEXTILE FABRICS FOR
BOOK COVERS, AND IN WEAVING THE SAME," to be as follows :-
This Invention relates to bookbinding and book covers, is applicable
also to portfolios, writing cases, and the like, and consists of improve-
ments in manufacturing the covering materials. Its object is to produce
by ornamental weaving imitations of leather, embossing, lacework,
embroidery, tapestry, and other surfaces in cotton, worsted, wool, linen,
alpacca, mohair, velvet, silk, jute, with glass, gold, and silver threads,
covering each other in their mixtures, and producing by the loom raised
and ornamental surfaces. The improved covering material may be
treated with silica, solution of baryta, or other suitable mineral sub-
stances in addition to the usual calendering, glazing, and finishing
processes, to which blocking in blind gold or silver or colours may be
added.

page_text: In preparing the material in the loom we propose to weave raised
bands for strengthening the backs and joints, and also the tips and
margins of the covers, in order to give greater durability, especially in
the covers of school books, and weave the letters in children's inde-
structible books. We also improve the covering materials by weaving
therein letters and designs in gold, silver, or other metal, and in various
colours.
Having determined the sizes of the covers and the character of the
surface to be imitated we arrange the same in a jacquard loom and
weave the pattern in continuous lengths, which may be afterwards cut
or separated as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EXPLOSIVE PROJECTILES AND FUSES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
-
21st July 1870. A communication from abroad by Eugene
Pertuiset, of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN EXPLOSIVE PROJECTILES AND FUSES,"
a communication to me from abroad by Eugene Pertuiset, of Paris, in
the Empire of France, to be as follows:
-
This Invention relates to the production of explosive projectiles,
applicable to guns of large calibre, as well as to rifles, revolvers, and
other small arms, the advantages obtained being that they may be readily
transported from place to place without danger of accidental explosion.
For this purpose the body of the projectile is made hollow for the
reception of an inner leaden shell which is made to fit into it.
inner shell is intended to contain the charge of explosive material, and
when charged its open end is inserted into the outer case or body of the
projectile (which is also made of lead) and passed down until a shoulder
This

page_text: on its outer rounded or conical end comes against the outer rim of the
outer case or where there is no shoulder until its open end comes in
contact with the bottom of the outer shell and pressure is applied until
the two are firmly united. The explosive charge will thus be enclosed
in a metal casing of equal thickness, and offering equal resistance
throughout. The explosive charge which is employed with this improved
projectile is composed of chlorate of potash, sulphur, gunpowder, and
animal charcoal intimately mixed.
It will be evident that these improvements are also applicable to fuses,
in which case the breech end of the fuse is perforated to allow of its fire
being communicated to the shell to be exploded, and it is also provided
at its rear end with a screw to allow of its being screwed into the shell
to be exploded.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN HARVESTING MACHINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Mollett Blyth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th May 1870.
"6
I, FRANCIS MOLLETT BLYTH, of Norwich, in the County of Norfolk,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for AN
IMPROVEMENT IN HARVESTING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to economize the power required for
working the knife bar in reaping and mowing machines. Hitherto the
pinion which takes the motion from the gear of the driving wheel for
working the knife bar and the gathering arms has been situate at or
near the level of the axle of the running wheels and consequently at
or near the line of draught, I now propose to avail myself of the leverage
which the large gear wheel affords by placing the pinion below the
level of the axle of the running wheels and by preference immediately
under the axle. I thus obtain increased power for driving the pinion due
to the leverage represented by the length of a vertical radius line drawn
from the axis of the large gear wheel to that of the pinion. The pinion
will be mounted on an inclined shaft, which carrying a crown or bevil

page_text: wheel at its other end will drive a pinion on the crank shaft that works
the knife bar of the mower or reaper, and in the case of the latter
machine the motion for working the gathering arms and self-delivery
apparatus is taken from the pinion shaft and transmitted to the gathering
arms shaft by a chain and chain wheels or other suitable gearing.
APPARATUS FOR STEAM CULTIVATION
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Edwards at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
August 1870.
I, ROBERT EDWARDS, of Ashford, in the County of Kent, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "
APPARATUS FOR STEAM CULTIVATION," to be as follows:-
-
IMPROVED
The object of this Invention is to reduce the cost of steam cultivating
apparatus, without diminishing its efficiency.
The Invention consists of two parts.
The first part relates to self-propelling engines and a balance or other.
double-ended plough combined.
The second part relates to an improved construction of plough with
self-propelling gear driven from an engine by a rope, the engine used.
for the same to be arranged with two winding drums.
In carrying out the first part of my Invention. I provide a self.
propelling steam engine suitable for traversing the land to be tilled, and
carrying with it a double-action plough or other tilling instrument,
which may be made to operate upon the land without the necessity for

page_text: turning at the land's end. I use for this purpose a travelling engine of
any approved construction, and attach to one side thereof the plough or
other implement required to be used.
The plough I construet by preference on the balance principle, but
I may use rocking or tipping ploughs of other well-known construc-
tions fitted with reversed shares for ploughing alternately in opposite
directions.
The steering of the engine will cause the plough to take up new
ground at the end of every bout.
Instead of applying a double-action plough to the engine I may use
a double-action cultivator or drill.
.
The plough or other implement will be so situate with regard to the
carrying wheel of the engine nearest to it that that wheel will run
on the unbroken ground in front of the advancing shares or coulters.
Thus the traverse of the engine to and fro across the field will not
interfere with the work performed by the tilling implement.
In carrying out the second part of my Invention I fit on the frame
of a double-ended right and left handed or other two-way plough, a drum
connected by chain or other gearing to the travelling wheels of the
plough, which wheels serve also as driving wheels. Connected with this
drum and coiled thereon is a rope, which leads from a drum on the
engine at the headland. This rope on being wound in by the engine
causes the plough to recede, that is, move across the field. A second rope
attached to the plough frame and to a second drum on the engine gives
out while the other is being wound in, and is dragged across the field
after the frame. When the plough has crossed the field (moving away
from the engine) the rope connected with the second drum is wound in,
and thereby caused to pull the plough back again by a direct pull. At
the same time the first-named rope is recoiled on the drum carried by
the plough by the action of the travelling wheels through the gearing
above mentioned.
The engine used must be capable of moving along the headland to
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF MUD CART AND WATER CART COMBINED
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Berry at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th August
1870.
I, WILLIAM BERRY, of Dalston, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby.
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF
MUD CART AND WATER CART COMBINED," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to construct a cart or apparatus which
may be employed both as a water cart for watering streets and roads, and
as a mud cart for receiving mud and other sweepings from the surfaces
of streets and roads.
Hitherto it has been the practice to use separate and distinct carts for
these two purposes. I construct the body of the cart of a barrel or other
convenient shape, and mount it on central or other axles, or otherwise,
so that it may be tilted or inverted when required to discharge its contents,
or the contents may be discharged by opening a door or slide. Part of
the barrel or other shaped cart body is made so as to open and turn back;
when so turned back this part rests at one side or end upon the ground
and forms an inclined plane up which the mud or other rubbish may be
swept by ordinary brooms into the cart. I also provide the cart at the

page_text: lower part with a valve and spout or other analogous devices to enable
the cart to be used as a water cart when required for that purpose. The
cart may be mounted on two or more wheels and it may be arranged to
have the mud swept in at the end or at the side.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING GREASE AND OIL FROM SOAPY AND GREASY WATER, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR THIS PURPOSE
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Constant Bogaerts at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
September 1870.-A. communication from abroad by Alfred Wilgot,
of Herstal, near Liége, in the Kingdom of Belgium.
I, CONSTANT BOGAERTS, of Canal Road, Bradford, in the County of
York, Soap and Grease Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING GREASE AND OIL
FROM SOAPY AND GREASY WATER, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR THIS PURPOSE,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in obtaining grease and
oil from soapy and greasy water, and in apparatus employed for this
purpose. For this purpose the soapy or greasy water are received in
tanks or cisterns, and muriatic or other acid is added, the whole is then
stirred up until the mixture is perfect. The acid will cause the water to
separate from the solid matter which is called magma. This magma is
put in bags or cloths which are 'deposited on wooden or iron trellis to
allow the remainder of the water to drain out. These bags are then
submitted to a press, the interior disposition of which is such as to allow

page_text: the surface of all the bags to be equally treated. For this purpose the
press I employ has an articulated central telescopic tube in connection
with hollow plates, on these plates the sacks containing the magma are
placed. Inside the press are four guiding bars in order to maintain the
hollow plates as well as the press plate in a constant vertical action. By
this disposition a regular pressure is obtained, and the wear and tear of
bags greatly diminished. The grease issuing from the press is put into
a tank, or any other vessel, and heated by means of a steam pipe or
otherwise to boiling point, which is maintained for about 20 minutes.
The boiling is then stopped, a proportion of nitric acid is added, and the
whole stirred up. The mixture while it is constantly agitated is then
allowed to boil 20 minutes longer, when an addition of 40% of water
heated to about 144° Fahrenheit is made, and whilst the agitation is
constantly kept up the boiling is continued for another 20 minutes. The
boiling is then stopped and 40% of cold water added, and the mixture is
.again stirred up for 20 minutes longer and then run off into a proper
vessel where it is allowed to remain at rest, the impurities and water
separating from the grease by settling to the bottom. The grease will
then properly crystallize, and by cold pressure the solid part is separated
from the liquid or oily part. By submitting the oil so obtained to the
action of superheated steam the bad smell and color are destroyed, and a
pale and inodorous oil is produced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR 'CLEANSING' BEER AND OTHER FERMENTABLE LIQUIDS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Clinch at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th April
1870.
I, CHARLES CLINCH, of Witney, in the County of Oxford, Brewer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR 'CLEANSING' BEER AND OTHER FERMENTABLE LIQUIDS," to be
as follows:-
-
According to my Invention I mount a tub or vessel upon each cleansing
cask for receiving the yeast evolved from the liquid under fermentation,
and for maintaining the supply of the liquid in the cleansing cask as it
diminishes by the evolution of the yeast. The yeast tub is put in com-
munication with the cleansing cask in the following manner :―The
bottom of said tub is provided with a central aperture furnished with a
metal bush or collar which fits accurately into a corresponding bush or
socket fitted to the bung hole or aperture in the cleansing cask. A tight
joint is obtained by the aid of a tube provided with an outer flange, and
screw threaded at the lower part, which screws into the collar or socket
of the cleansing cask, the flange bearing on the metal bush before

page_text: described as being fitted to the bottom of the yeast tub, which is thus
firmly attached to the cleansing cask. This tube riscs in the yeast tub,
near the bottom of which it is provided with one or more apertures or
slots. The yeast tub may moreover be furnished with cocks for regulating
the level of and drawing off the liquid. The cleansing process is
conducted as follows:-The yeast tub being mounted on the cleansing
cask as above described the beer or other fermenting liquid to bo
"cleansed " is supplied thereto by the tube above mentioned, the
yeast tub being also filled to the required height to replenish
the cleansing cask as the yeast is worked off, the latter rising
through the tube, from the mouth of which it flows into the yeast tub,
the liquid to supply its place passing down into the cleansing cask
through the slots or apertures at the lower part of said tube. Before
the cleansing is quite completed the yeast tub is removed from the
cleansing cask and an open funnel substituted therefor, also screwed to
the cask, in which funnel a small portion of yeast rises so as to fill the
same and prevent the ingress of atmospheric air to the beer owing to its
funnel shape, while it permits any gas which may continue to be
disengaged to escape freely. The beer or other liquid when finished is
drawn off for use or storage as usual.
AN IMPROVED NEEDLE WRAPPER
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Banks at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th May
1870.
I, THOMAS BANKS, of the Firm of T. Banks & Co., of Redditch, in the
County of Worcester, Needle Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED NEEDLE WRAPPER," to be as
follows:-
Hitherto needle wrappers have been so folded that the free end or
tuck takes into a slit made in the wrapper vertically, or in a crosswise
direction. There are many objections to this mode of fastening, which
it is the object of my Invention to obviate.
According to my Invention needle wrappers are so folded that the slit
into which the free end or tuck takes is made lengthwise or in a longi-
tudinal direction. When a label is used the aperture which is to receive
the tuck may be formed by gumming the sides only of the label, thus
leaving the middle part of the label unattached to the wrapper. When
no label is used the slit may be cut lengthwise, or in a longitudinal
direction in the wrapper itself.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONDENSING CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Richardson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd August 1870.
I, WILLIAM RICHARDSON, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster,
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONDENSING CARDING ENGINES," to be as follows:-
-
My Invention relates to the employment of certain apparatus whereby
the usual slivers or narrow bands of material are more perfectly severed
and kept distinct before they arrive in contact with the ordinary rubbing
surfaces. For this purpose I propose to employ travelling or recipro-
cating bands of leather or other suitable material, which cut or saw
through the fibres which adhere to each other after they have been
partially severed, or by their own action only.
'
In the arrangement I at present propose the material after passing
from the doffer is divided by a spaced or grooved roller similar to those
now in use; it then passes to other rollers, around which and in grooves
formed to receive them a series of endless bands passes, which cut or
saw through the unsevered fibres, and the distinct narrow slivers arc

page_text: then conducted to the rubbing surfaces. I propose, if necessary, to apply
conducting belts to support the slivers during their severance and to
assist in carrying them forward, which severance, as before stated, may
be effected by a continuous travelling or by a reciprocating motion. The
material may pass from the doffer in a whole sheet or from rings of 5
cards as now practised.
A TROUSERS PROTECTOR OR GUARD ADAPTED MORE PARTICULARLY FOR MUDDY WEATHER
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic Hunt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
November 1870.
I, FREDERIC HUNT, of Islington, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A TROUSERS PROTECTOR
OR GUARD ADAPTED MORE PARTICULARLY FOR MUDDY WEATHER," to be as
follows:-
This Invention is designed to protect the legs of trousers from riding.
up and down over the heels of boots or shoes in muddy weather, and by
which the inside of the trousers become coated with mud, and wear out
by frequent brushing.
I propose to remedy the above objections by the following means:-To
the heels of boots or shoes I apply a piece of metal or other stiff material
so shaped as to present a ledge which shall arrest the descent of the
trousers in the act of walking, and thus prevent the back part of the
legs of the trousers from touching the ground and licking up the mud in
wet weather.

page_text: The above mentioned article may be adapted to the heels of boots and
shoes either by embracing the heels or it may be screwed thereinto or
otherwise made so as to be readily attached and detached as occasion
may require.
IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Bell, William Walton
Urquhart, and Joseph Lindsay at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 9th September 1870.
We, THOMAS BELL, Cloth Manufacturer, WILLIAM WALTON
URQUHART, Machinist, and JOSEPH LINDSAY, Machinist, all of Dundee,
in the County of Forfar, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS," to be as follows,
that is to say :-
This Invention has principally for its object the adaptation of power
loom mechanism for weaving fabrics of extra widths (such for example
as three yards and upwards) in a more satisfactory manner than has
been hitherto attained, and it consists mainly, in a peculiar arrange-
ment of the picking details, whereby a better and stronger motion
is given to the shuttle.
The improvements are applicable to a lathe the rocking shaft of
which is underneath as in most modern power looms, but it is preferred
to adapt them to a lathe which depends from an overhead rocking shaft
or axis as in old hand looms. A cam or wiper, commonly called the
picking point," is keyed on the crank shaft of the loom instead of on

page_text: the usual treadle or low shaft, and consequently revolves at twice the
usual relative speed of such picking points. The picking point acts
upon a lever keyed on a small rocking shaft corresponding to the
ordinary vertical picking shaft, but which may be placed horizontally
or at any convenient angle. The picking shaft transmits its motion
by a link from a lever on it to a lever on a short rocking shaft carrying
the picking stick, this last mentioned rocking shaft being carried by
-the-overhead-rocking_tree_or_shaft of the lathe. The parts are repeated
at each side of the loom, and to prevent the same picking stick from
being actuated at every stroke of the lathe the picking shaft at each
side is made movable longitudinally, and is acted upon by a lever
actuated by a cam on the low or treadle shaft in such a way that
the levers are shifted at alternate strokes into and out of the way of the
respective picking points.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING FIBRE SUITABLE FOR MAKING PAPER AND A BROWN COLORING MATTER
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Abraham Brode at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th April 1870.
I, LOUIS ABRAHAM BRODE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Paper Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for" IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING FIBRE SUITABLE FOR MAKING PAPER
AND A BROWN COLORING MATTER," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in obtaining fibre suitable for making paper
and a brown coloring matter from spent tanners' bark, whereby a hitherto
waste material is utilised.
In carrying out the Invention the spent bark after being washed to
remove adhering impurities is boiled for four or five hours in a solution
of caustic soda or potash (soda being preferred). The liquid is drawn
off and concentrated, and contains the brown coloring matter combined
with the alkali, from which it may be separated if wished by acidulation.
Or the liquid may be used for dyeing silk, wool, cotton, or other fibrous
materials without further treatment. The boiled bark is well washed
with cold or hot water, and is next subjected to the action of edge
runners or other suitable grinding apparatus, by which the external

page_text: hard parts are broken up and detached. The material is afterwards
put into a beating engine without knives, whereby the hard parts are
separated, being floated off by a current of water. The fibre which
remains is finally boiled in slightly acidulated water, and when dry
is ready for the paper maker, who can convert it into pulp in the
ordinary way.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PATTERN POST WRAPPERS OR ENVELOPES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Arnold at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
October 1870.
I, FREDERICK ARNOLD, Manufacturing Stationer, of 86, Fleet Street,
in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PATTERN POST WRAPPERS OR ENVELOPES," to be as
follows:-
I manufacture them of paper, parchment, linen, linen paper, cotton,
calico, or any other material that will answer the purpose of a covering
or envelope.
The fastening of the patterns to the envelope I propose to make of
clastic band, string, thread, silk, wire, or catgut, secured by a metal
fastener to the cover or envelope, leaving the ends of the said cover_or
envelope open for the inspection of the Post Office authorities.
I propose to make them in every size, and with one or more fasteners
on each envelope, as required.

page_text: It is also applicable as a newspaper wrapper, a covering for deeds,
rolls of paper, &c.
The Drawing annexed illustrates my improvements.
A is the enve-
lope or wrapper; B, the metal fastener; and C, the elastic band.
IMPROVEMENTS IN METAL BUSHES FOR THE BUNG HOLES OF CASES, AND IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR SECURING THE SAME THEREIN
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Moore at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd March
1870.
I, JOHN MOORE, of the City of Dublin, Blacksmith, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN METAL
BUSHES FOR THE BUNG HOLES OF CASES, AND IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS
FOR SECURING THE SAME THEREIN," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in metal bushes to be fitted
into the bung holes of casks, and in the mode of fixing the same, whereby
a perfectly tight joint is obtained and a great saving of time in fitting
them is effected.
According to my Invention I construct my improved bush with a
flange having a knife edge lip on the under surface, which lip is forced
into the wood surrounding the bung hole. The neck of the bush is slightly
tapered, and is corrugated a short distance upwards from the bottom in
order to admit of its being expanded so as to clip or fold over the interior
edge of the bung hole. In fixing my improved bush into the bung hole I
employ a spindle having a curved shoulder formed on one end, whilst the

page_text: other end is screwed externally to receive a corresponding internally
screwed boss or handle. This spindle is passed through the bung hole aud
through the metal bush which has been placed therein so that the curved
shoulder shall just enter the corrugated end of the metal bush, a loose
collar is then passed over the other end of the spindle and bears against the
upper surface of the flange of the bush; a lever handle or other equi-
valent having a screwed boss is then screwed on to the spindle, which by
bearing against the loose collar will force the knife edge formed on the
flange of the bush into the wood surrounding the bung hole, making it
perfectly air-tight at this part, and at the same time cause the curved
shoulder to enter further into the neck of the metal bush, folding it over
the internal edge of the bung hole, and thus hold it securely in its place.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRAWING OR RAISING AND FORCING LIQUIDS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis George Fleury 'at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th January 1870..
☐☐
I, FRANCIS GEORGE FLEURY, of Merrick Square, Southwark, in the
County of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRAWING OR RAISING AND
FORCING LIQUIDS," to be as follows :-
This Invention, which has for its object improvements in apparatus.
for drawing or raising and forcing liquids, relates to apparatus of that
class in which the liquid is set in motion by the action of jets, of
steam, and consists in the employment of a series of tapering or other
pipes, tubes, or passages arranged in a semicircular or curved direction
in a steam chamber. These pipes, tubes, or passages communicate
with the liquid to be raised and forced, and with the boiler or vessel
into which the same is to be fed, and their respective ends are peculiarly
arranged with reference to one another so as to form a series of slits,
openings, or annular spaces by which communication is effected
between the steam chamber and the interiors of the pipes, tubes, or

page_text: passages. The steam chamber receives its supply of steam from a boiler,
and the pipes, tubes, or passages having been charged with liquid the
steam from the steam chamber passes thro' the slits, openings, or
annular spaces and impinges upon the liquid, which it forces forward
at a velocity which is gradually increased by the successive action of
the jets of steam upon the passing liquid, thus drawing a continuous
supply of liquid and feeding the same to the boiler or other vessel to be
supplied.
The application of a series of jets operating upon a body of liquid
travelling in a curved direction, according to my Invention, may be
accomplished by the employment of an arrangement of apparatus some-
what modified from the foregoing, and which consists of an involute or
other chamber provided with a number of small tangential or inclined
slits or passages thro' which the jets of steam are projected into the
chamber, so as to draw or raise the liquid into the same, and by the 1
successive action of the jets of steam upon the passing liquid to force or
propel it at a considerable velocity from the chamber, which for these
purposes is to be provided with suitable suction and delivery pipes or
tubes, as is well understood.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPOONS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gideon Goold at the Office of the
Commissioners, of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st January
1870.
I, GIDEON GOOLD, of Handsworth, near Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Commercial Traveller, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPOONS," to be as follows :-
My Invention has for its object to enable the person using a spoon to
do so without the liability of the moustache or (where required) the
lips coming in contact with the contents of the spoon.
.
I constructing spoons according to my Invention I make a plate of
metal, by preference of the same metal as the spoon, and of about the
size of one half the bowl of the spoon. The said plate has such a
general figure that it capable of dividing the top of the bowl of the
spoon longitudinally. The dividing edge of the plate may be made of an
ornamental figure. The other or curved edge has a semicircular portion
cut away near its middle. This plate is soldered or otherwise attached to
the bowl of the spoon in such a way that about one half of the bowl is

page_text: covered with the exception of the middle of that edge situate opposite
the semicircular cut in the plate.
In using the spoon it is dipped into the soup or other liquid and raised
to the mouth in the usual way. The lips are applied to the semicircular
cut away part of the plate, and from the opening formed at that part the
soup or liquid is taken into the mouth. The moustache and outer parts
of the lips are not brought into contact with the liquid. The plate
described divides the top of the bowl of the spoon nearly down its
middle, but the plate may be situated over the wide end of the bowl,
leaving the point or narrow end of the bowl open. This form of my
Invention is suited for persons who prefer to apply the end instead of
the side of the bowl to the lips. Where it is wished to protect only the
moustache and to allow the lips to be applied to the edge of the bowl
in the ordinary way the plate first described may be employed without
the semicircular cut away part described. In this case the plate is
fixed on that half of the bowl turned away from the lips in using the
spoon.