IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DOUBLING, TWISTING, 120 REELING VADNO AD TERRADO
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Storer, of Johnstone, in the County
of Renfrew, North Britain, Cotton Spinner, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DOUBLING, TWISTING,
120
REELING VADNO
AD TERRADO "
Sealed the 19th April 1876, and dated the 21st October 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Storer
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 21st October 1875.
I, ALEXANDER STORER, of Johnstone, in the County of Renfrew,
North Britain, Cotton Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DOUBLING,
TWISTING, AND REELING YARNS OR THREADS," to be as follows, that is to
say:―
This Invention has for its object to effect in a satisfactory manner in
one piece of machinery the doubling, twisting, and reeling of yarns or
threads, instead of using as hitherto most common three different
machines for those operations.

page_text: In carrying out the Invention the yarns are by preference taken in
the form of cops, which are placed on separate skewers fixed upon discs,
which are fast on vertical spindles. The vertical spindles are supported
in bearings in horizontal rails or frame bars, and are driven by means
of wharves on each, and by cords from a horizontal revolving drum, or
in any other convenient way. The disc of each spindle is fitted with
as many cop skewers arranged in a circle as there are yarns to be
"doubled" or combined and twisted together, and each spindle has
fixed to it an upper guide disc formed with as many guide eyes or
notches as there are cops, the yarn of each cop passing up through its
own eye in the guide disc. Above the guide discs the several yarns
procced upwards in convergent directions to a single guide eye directly
over the centre of the spindle, the yarns being thus doubled or combined
together, whilst the rotation of the spindle causes them to be at the
same time twisted together. From the first single guide eye the doubled
and twisted yarn is led to a reel of the elongated kind with folding bars
commonly used for winding the yarn off the twisting bobbins of the
ordinary machines. The yarns are led to the reels either directly or
after passing round a small roller covered with flannel or similar
material. The guide disc fixed on the upper part of each vertical
spindle has jointed on it a set of small detector levers or arms, there
being one for each yarn, and each yarn running through a notch in the
outer end of its detector holds it up. When however a yarn breaks or
fails the corresponding detector either falls or is by the centrifugal force
turned down on the disc, in consequence of which its end projects
beyond the disc and encounters a projection fixed for the purpose on
the framing, and thereby causes the stoppage of the spindle; or the
stationary projection may be a bell, which being struck by the turned
down detector as the spindle revolves will attract the attention of the
operator.
The degree of twist put into the doubled yarn will depend on the
ratio between the speeds of the vertical spindles and the reel, and the
reel is by preference driven through suitable gearing from the shaft of
the drum, which drives the spindles, the speed of the reel being decreased
or increased accordingly as more or less twist is wanted.
The guide disc is made in two parts hinged to admit of being turned
up to facilitate the putting on of the cops.

page_text: filed by the said Alexander Storer in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 20th April 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALEXANDER
STORER, of Johnstone, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain, Cotton
Spinner, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of October, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five, in the thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her
heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Alexander
Storer, Her special licence, that I, the said Alexander Storer, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Alexander Storer, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thercafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, cxercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR DOUBLING, TWISTING, AND REELING YARNS OR THREADS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Alexander Storer, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alexander Storer, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to bo particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement in writing, reference being had to
the accompanying Drawings, that is to say :-
My said Invention has for its object to effect in a satisfactory manner

page_text: or threads, instead of using as hitherto most common three different
machines for those operations.
In carrying out my Invention the yarns in the form of cops aro
placed on separate skewers fixed on a disc on a vertical spindle, which
is suitably driven. Each spindle has fixed to it an upper guide disc or
piece formed with as many guide eyes as there are cops to the spindle,
and the yarn of each cop passes up through its own eye. Above the
guide eyes the several yarns proceed upwards in convergent directions
to a single guide eye fixed directly over the centre of the spindle, the
yarns being thus doubled or combined together, whilst the rotation of
the spindle causes them to be at the same time twisted together. From
the first single guide eye the doubled and twisted yarn is led to a reel,
by preference of the clongated kind, with folding bars commonly used
for winding the yarn off the twisting bobbins of the ordinary machines.
Detector appliances are fitted in connection with cach twisting spindle
to call attention whenever a yarn from one of the cops breaks or fails.
And in order that my said Invention and the manner of performing
the same may be properly understood, I hereunto append a Sheet of
explanatory Drawings to be herein-after referred to, and showing a
single spindle with its accompanying details as arranged with my
improvements. In these Drawings the same reference numerals are
used to mark the same or like parts wherever they are repeated.
Figure 1 of the Drawings is a transverse vertical section, and Figures 2
and 3 are enlarged horizontal and vertical sections.
A vertical spindle 1 is carried in bearings in two horizontal rails 2, 3,
attached to standards 4, placed at intervals along the front of the
machine. The spindle has fast on it a wharve or grooved pulley 5, and
is driven by a cord from a long horizontal cylindrical drum 7 on a
shaft 8 carried in bearings on transverse intermediate and end frames 9.
On the spindle 1 at a point a little above the upper bearing rail 2 there
is fixed a disc 10, in which are fixed (in this example) four skewers 11
to receive the cops 12 of yarn to be doubled, twisted, and recled. On
the upper end of the spindle 1 there is fixed a four-armed guide piece
(or it might be a disc) 13, at the outer parts of which guido eyes or
hooks are formed, one for each yarn to pass up through. The yarns,
shown by blue lines, pass up from the guide piece 13 in convergent

page_text: directions to a single guide eye in an upper horizontal rail 14, and in
doing so are at once combined together or "doubled" and twisted. The
twisted compound yarn or thread 15 passes from the upper rail 14 to a
guide cyc 16 on a rail fixed along the machine, and thence passes
through a guide eye in a movable rail 17, and then to the reel 18, the
rail 17 being arranged in a well-known way to guide the yarn or thread,
so that it may be wound on the reel 18 in a manner to admit of its being
casily separated into skeins.
The guide piece 13 made with four arms, or with as many arms as
there are cops, does not require to be taken off the spindle 1, as would
be the case with a disc to admit of the cops 12 being put on the
skewers 11, but has only to be turned an eighth or other part round, so
that the cops can be passed down between the arms. The guide piece 13
has jointed on it a set of small detector levers 19, there being one for
each yarn, and each yarn running through a notch in the outer end of
its detector 19 holds it up. When however a yarn breaks or fails the
corresponding detector 19 cither falls, or is by the centrifugal force
turned down on the arm of the guide piece 13, in consequence of which
its end projects beyond the end of the arm, and either encounters a
projection fixed for the purpose on the framing, and thereby causes the
stoppage of the spindle, or the stationary projection may be as shown
in the Drawings, the clapper lever 20 of a bell 21, which being sounded
through the action of the turned-down detector 19 as the spindle revolves
will attract the attention of the operator.
The degree of twist put into the doubled yarn or thread will depend
on the ratio between the speeds of the vertical spindles 1 and the reel 18,
and the reel is by preference driven through suitable toothed wheel
gearing, indicated by red pitch circles in Figure 1, from the shaft 8 of
the drum 7, which drives the spindles 1, the speed of the reel 18 being
decreased or increased (by employing suitably proportioned wheels)
accordingly as more or less twist is wanted.
Having thus particularly described my said Invention, and the manner
of performing the same, I have to state that I do not restrict myself to
the precise details herein described or delineated, and that I do not
claim any of the separate parts, but that what I believe to be novel and
original, and claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before
in part recited Letters Patent is, the combining of apparatus for doubling,

page_text: twisting, and reeling yarns or threads at one operation, substantially in
the improved manner herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Storer, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of April, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy- 5
six.
Witness,
EDMUND HUNT,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
ALEXANDER STORER. (L.S.)