IMPROVEMENTS IN LIFTS AND HOISTS APPLICABLE ALSO TO CRINES WINCHES AVD ATT ATUED Uno R PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Sanders Stevens of Janus Works Queen's Road
Battersea, County of Surrey-Charles George Major 34 Freke Road, Battersea,
County of Surrey and David Pugh Edwards 35 Charles Street Roath County
of Glamorgan, Wales for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN LIFTS AND
HOISTS APPLICABLE ALSO TO CRINES WINCHES AVD ATT ATUED
Uno R
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Sanders Stevens,
Charles George Major, and David Pugh Edwards at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 6th September 1882.
JOHN SANDERS STEVENS of Janus Works Queen's Road Battersea, County of
Surrey CHARLES GEORGE MAJOR, 34 Freke Road Battersea County of Surrey-
and DAVID PUGH EDWARDS 35 Charles St. Roath County of Glamorgan Wales.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LIFTS AND HOISTS APPLICABLE ALSO TO CRANES, WINCHES
AND ALL OTHER KINDS OF LIFTING HAULING AND WINDING MACHINERY.
Our invention has for its object improvements in Lifting, Hauling, and Winding
Machinery, by means of which the load may be held automatically in any attained
position, without falling or running back when the motive power is withdrawn ;
but that upon the reversal of the direction of the motive power the load may be
automatically freed, and allowed to descend or run back so long as the reversed
motive power is exerted; and may be again automatically held upon the with-
drawal or cessation of the motive power in either direction; and farther that the
apparatus may be capable of fulfilling the aforesaid conditions whether the motive
power for lifting or hauling be exerted in one given direction or the reverse.
To effect these objects we (First) apply the motive power in any convenient
manner to a shaft or spindle running freely in two bearings. One of the latter is
continued along the shaft in the form of a long sleeve or tube terminating in a
fixed collar of a larger diameter than the body of the sleeve. A Barrel runs freely
on the sleeve and occupies a portion of its length. A loose collar also runs freely
1

page_text: on the sleeve. On the faces of the Barrel and loose collar nearest each other are
provided teeth or indentations. Placed between the barrel and loose collar and
engaging with the opposite sets of teeth are two or more toothed cams, so formed
that when their centre lines lie parallel with that of the sleeve they allow
the barrel and collar to mutually approach and to run freely; but if their centre
lines assume obliquity with that of the sleeve in either direction, the toothed cams
will thrust the barrel tightly up to the bearing and the loose collar to the fixed
collar of the sleeve; these movements increasing directly with and relatively to the
obliquity of the toothed cams.
Secured to the shaft and revolving with it is a boss with an arm projecting over
the loose collar and extending to the end of the barrel. This arm engages with a
projection on the barrel and another similar projection on the loose collar, in such
a manner that when it is in contact with both, the barrel and loose collar by means
of their teeth bring the toothed cams to their centre or parallel position.
This
Now if the shaft is caused to revolve, the boss and arm will cause the other parts
to assume the above described positions, in which the barrel and loose collar are free
on the sleeve; and the arm acting as a driver will cause all the loose parts to
revolve, and a rope wound upon the barrel would raise or haul a load.
would be equally true irrespective of the direction of the revolution of the shaft.
If now the motive power is withdrawn, the load will cause the barrel to move
in the opposite direction, and the latter will carry with it the arm and shaft,
but will leave the loose collar behind, the effect being that the barrel ends of the
toothed cams are drawn forwards, obliquity with the sleeve is set up, the barrel
and loose collar are thrust asunder and caused to bind tightly against the bearing
and fixed collar on the sleeve, and thereby preventing by the resulting friction any
farther movement.
If it is desired to raise the load higher, upon the re-application of motive power,
the arm drives back the barrel till the toothed cams are parallel, and at this point
meets the projection on the loose collar and carries all with it as before.
If it is desired to lower the load, when the motive power is reversed the arm
leaves the barrel, revolves till it strikes the back of the projection on the loose
collar and forces it in the same direction in which the load is pulling the barrel.
The latter being at rest the moving collar causes the toothed cams to approach
parallelism and freeing the barrel allows it to follow the effort of the load and the
movement will continue so long as the arm and loose collar follow up the barrel.
When the shaft ceases to revolve, and therefore also the arm and loose collar,
the barrel moving slightly forward under the influence of the load again binds
itself by means of the toothed cains.
As the cams are formed to exert a thrust when their parallelism is disturbed in
either direction-the barrel will be held securely irrespective of the direction
in which the load is pulling it and the apparatus is therefore double or reverse
acting.
The sleeve may be attached to a special bracket provided purposely instead of
to the bearing.
The Barrel may be replaced by a grooved wheel, or clip drum
or other
contrivance for giving motion to rope or chain; or by a toothed wheel or belt
pulley giving motion directly or indirectly to lifting or hauling machinery.
The boss may have two or more arms engaging with a corresponding number of
projections upon the barrel and loose collar.
(Second) The boss with arms may be secured to the barrel as against axial
movement but left free as to revolution. Then the thrust of the toothed cams may
be used to grip the fixed collar on the sleeve between the loose collar and the boss
with arms.
(Third). Both the before described motions may be obtained by dispensing with
the toothed cams and replacing them with a loose collar free upon the sleeve
between the barrel and the first loose collar; & carrying two or more pivots o
pins projecting radially from its periphery. Upon these are pivotted cams toothed

page_text: to engage with the first loose collar, and their opposite sides provided with a tail
or arm projecting through a hole in the barrel. The toothed portion is so
constructed that any departure from the mean or parallel position would produce
a thrust between the two collars, that collar with the pivots transmitting its thrust
to the barrel.
(Fourth) The results described in the first and second arrangements may also
be produced by replacing the toothed cams by a second loose collar free upon the
sleeve and placed between the first loose collar and the barrel. On the contiguous
faces of the two loose collars, circular segmental recesses are cut so that when the
collars are placed together with the recesses opposite each other an oval cavity with
pointed ends is formed. Fitting into this is a pin of similar shape attached to a
lever or arm the point of which is moved in either direction by the motion of the
barrel. When the lever lies parallel with the shaft all the parts are free. If the
barrel moves in either direction without the loose collars, the oval pin is turned
in the cavity and the two loose collars are thrust asunder the inner one abutting
on the barrel and all are firmnly held.
In the third and fourth arrangements the boss with arms serves the purpose of
returning the levers to a mean position for movement in either direction as described
for first arrangement.
(Fifth). In the first and second arrangements the toothed cams may be omitted,
and the end of the barrel and the contiguous face of the loose collar constructed
with waved surfaces, so that any relative movement of revolution between them
will have the effect of two wedges sliding upon each other and cause the whole to
jam as hereinbefore described.
In all the preceding arrangements the frictional surfaces may be either flat,
coned, grooved, fitted with leather intermediate rings, or any other known device
for increasing friction.
(Sixth). The sleeve fixed to the bearing or bracket may be made without a fixed
collar at the end. The barrel runs freely on the sleeve and the boss with arms is
keyed to the shaft as before. On the end of the barrel is provided a projecting
ring on the inner circumference of which are formed teeth as in an internal toothed
wheel. On the fixed sleeve and within this ring is a loose collar split into halves.
On the outside of these halves are teeth corresponding to those on the ring on
barrel. Between the two opposing sets of teeth are disposed radially two or more
toothed cams as described for first arrangement. If the toothed cains are held in
the radial or mean position, all the parts are free to revolve. If any relative
movement of revolution occurs between the barrel and the split collar-in either
direction-the toothed cams will force the split collars tightly upon the sleeve and
all the parts will be held. Projections are provided as before on the barrel and the
split collar to engage with the boss with arms-and if power is applied to the latter
it forces all the parts into the mean position and enables them to revolve freely as
berein before described.
(Seventh) In the sixth arrangement the ring on the barrel may have its inner
circumference formed as portions of helices, in reverse directions, instead of teeth;
the split collar would be quite plain and between the two, rollers would be placed
so that upon any relative motion of the barrel the rollers would tend to wedge
themselves into an ever decreasing space and thus thrust the split collar upon the
sleeve. The arms as before return all to the mean position.
(Eighth) The rollers in the seventh arrangement may be suppressed, and the
outer surface of the split collar made to slide in direct contact with the helical
surface of the ring.
(Ninth) A fixed sleeve without collar a barrel running freely on the sleeve
a boss with arms secured to the shaft are provided as in No. 6; but the barrel has
no ring. There are in this arrangement two split collars on the sleeve, externally
formed as cones and screwed. Embracing them is a nut internally coned in reverse
directions and screwed to fit the collars. On the nut is an arm engaging with
projections on the end of barrel so that any motion of the barrel is communicated

page_text: to the nut. The barrel and both collars are fitted with projections engaging with
the boss with arms. If the barrel makes any movement in advance of the coned
collars in either direction, it screws the nut towards the larger diameter of one of
them, and jams it upon the sleeve. The duty of boss with arms is as before.
(Tenth) In the ninth arrangement the coned split collars may be replaced by
two split collars of L section and the nut by a ring made to fit freely over the
smaller diameter of collars, and between the two. In the opposing faces of the
L shaped collars helical grooves are cut, each collar having its groove of a reverse
helix to its antithesis-and on the faces of the ring are provided pins or rollers to
run in the helical grooves of collars. Motion of the barrel imparted to the ring in
either direction will drive the pins along the helical grooves and force either one
or the other split collar tightly on to the sleeve.
(Eleventh) The parts may be arranged generally as in the sixth, but the teeth
on ring on barrel dispensed with, and an additional collar provided carrying on
pivots toothed cams as described in the third arrangement, but now acting radially
between the ring and split collars instead of longitudinally between the barrel and
fixed collar.
In the arrangements from six to eleven, inclusive, the frictional surfaces may be
either cylindrical, or grooved and may be fitted with intermediate leathers or any
other known device for increasing friction. (Twelfth.) In arrangements 1, 3, 4,
and 5 the sleeve may be omitted entirely, and the parts therein made to run freely
on the sleeve, are here made to run freely on the shaft. The loose collar takes an
abutment against the boss with arms which is secured to the shaft. Outside the
bearing which in arrangements 1 to 11 carried the sleeve is another collar secured
to the shaft. Any thrust action now set up by either of the methods herein before
described between the barrel and the loose collar will have the effect of wedging
up together, the bearing-the barrel-the wedging device-and the loose collar; and
as the bearing is fixed the barrel and load will be held. The release is effected as
.before

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Sanders Stevens, Charles George Major, & David Pugh Edwards
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 3rd February 1883.
JOHN SANDERS STEVENS, Janus Works Queens Road Battersea, County of Surrey,
DAVID PUGH EDWARDS, 35 Charles Street Roath, County of Glamorgan, Wales, and
CHARLES GEORGE MAJOR 34 Freke Road Battersea County of Surrey. IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LIFTS, AND HOISTS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO CRANES; WINCHES, AND ALL
OTHER KINDS OF LIFTING, HAULING, AND WINDING MACHINERY.
Our Invention has for its object, improvements in lifting, hauling, and winding
machinery by means of which the load shall be held automatically, in any attained
position, without falling, or running back, when the motive power is withdrawn ;
but upon the reversal of the direction of the motive power, the load shall be auto-
matically freed, and allowed to descend or run back, so long as the reversed motive
power is exerted, and shall again be automatically held; upon the withdrawal or
cessation of motive power, in either direction, and further the apparatus, shall be
capable of fulfilling the said conditions, whether the motive power for lifting or
hauling be exerted in one given direction, or the reverse. In the following
description, the same letters of reference, apply to the same or equivalent parts in
all the figures; In our first arrangement for effecting the aforesaid objects, we
apply the motive power in any convenient manner, to a shaft or spindle A Figs I.
2. & 3 running freely in two bearings B and C. The latter is continued along the
shaft in the form of a long sleeve or tube D, terminating in a fixed collar E, of a
larger diameter than the body of the sleeve D. A barrel F runs freely on the
sleeve, and occupies a portion of its length. A loose collar H, also runs freely upon
the sleeve D. On the faces of the barrel F and loose collar H, nearest each other
teeth or indentations are provided. Placed between the barrel and loose collar H,
and engaging with the opposite sets of teeth; are two or more toothed cams I, pivoted
at their centres, on pins projecting from a loose collar J, also free upon the sleeve D.
The cams I are so formed, that when their shortest centre lines or axes, lie parallel
with that of the sleeve D, they allow the collar H, and barrel F to mutually
approach, and to run freely but if their shortest axes assume obliquity, with that of
the sleeve in either direction, a longer axis comes into action, and the toothed cams
will thrust the barrel F, tightly up to the bearing C, and the loose collar H tightly
up to the fixed collar E, these movements increasing directly with, and relatively to,
the obliquity of the toothed cams Secured to the shaft A, and revolving with it, is
a boss with an arm K, projecting over the loose collar H, and extending to the end
of the barrel F. This arm engages with a projection on the barrel, and with
another similar projection on collar H, in such a manner that when it is in contact
with both, the barrel and loose collar H, by means of their teeth bring the cams I,
to their centre or parallel position. A second pair of projections are provided on
the barrel, and collar H, so that if the arm K, is moved in the reverse direction, it
will produce the same result. Now if the shaft A, is caused to revolve say, by
power applied through the driving wheel L, the arm K being secured to the shaft
will cause the parts F, H. I. I to assume the above described positions, in which the
barrel, and loose collars H, are free on the sleeve D, and the arm K, acting as a
driver, will cause all the loose parts to revolve, and a rope wound upon the barrel,
would raise or haul a load, this would be equally true, irrespective of the direction
of revolution of the shaft. If the motive power applied through the wheel L, and
shaft A is withdrawn, the load will cause the barrel F to move backwards, and it
will carry with it, the arm K and shaft A, but will leave the loose collar H,
stationary, the effect being that the barrel sides of the cams I are carried backwards,

page_text: .
obliquity with the sleeve set up, the barrel F and loose collar H are thrust asunder,
and caused to bind tightly against the bearing C, and fixed collar E, thereby
preventing by the resulting friction, any further movement. If it is desired to
raise the load higher, upon the reapplication of motive power, the arm K drives
forward the barrel, till the cams II are again parallel, and at this point, meets the
projection on the loose collar H, and thence carries all with it as before. If it is
desired to lower the load, motive power is applied in the reverse direction, the
arm K leaves the barrel, revolves till it strikes the projection on the loose
collar H, and forces it in the same direction, in which the load is pulling the
barrel. The latter being at rest the moving collar H, causes the toothed
cams I, to approach parallelism, and freeing the barrel, allows it to follow the
effort of the load, and the movement will continue, so long as the arm K and
loose collar H follow up the barrel, when the shaft A ceases to revolve, and
with it the arm K and collar H, the barrel moving slightly forward, under
the influence of the load, again binds itself by means of the toothed cams I I.
As these cams are formed to exert a thrust when their parallelism is disturbed,
in either direction, the barrel will be held securely, irrespective of the direction, in
which the load is pulling it, and the apparatus is therefore double, or reverse acting.
The sleeve D, may be attached to a special bracket provided for the purpose, instead
of to the bearing C. The barrel F may be replaced by a grooved wheel, or clip
drum or other contrivance, for giving motion to a rope, or chain or by a toothed
wheel, or belt pulley giving motion directly or indirectly to lifting, or hauling
machinery. The Boss may have two or more arms K, engaging with a corre-
sponding number of projections upon the barrel F, and loose collar H, or it may be
made in the form of a Bell, as figure 4, with internal ribs, to engage with the
projection on barrel, and collar. In our second arrangement Figs 4, 5 and 6 the
bell K may be secured to the barrel F, by a ring M as against axial movement, but
left free as to revolution, then the thrust of the toothed cams I. I, will cause the
fixed collar E, to be grasped tightly, between the loose collar H, and the bell K,
producing the same results as before. The collar J fig 1 may be dispensed with,
here, as the bell K will prevent the cams I. I getting out of their places. In our
third arrangement Figs 7 and 8, the double toothed cams are replaced by cams I. I.
toothed and formed as before to ingage with the loose collar H but their opposite
sides are provided with a tail, or arm projecting into a notch, in the barrel F. Any
obliquity in the position of these cams, will produce a thrust between the collars J
and H, the former transmitting its thrust, to the barrel F and so on to the bearing C,
In our fourth arrangement, we produce the same results, as in the first and second
by replacing the toothed cams, by a loose collar N, Figs 9 and 10 free upon the
sleeve. In the inner face of collar H, are cut two, or more, semicircular recesses.
Exactly opposite these, a corresponding series, of flat segmental recesses are cut in
the face of the collar N. Fitting into the cavities formed by the juxta position of
the two series of recesses, are cams I. I. provided with arms engaging with the
flange of the barrel F. The recesses in H form sockets, in which the cams I swivel,
obliquity in the arm of cam I, produces thrust between collars N and H with
results as before. In the third and fourth arrangements the arm or bell K, serves
the purpose of returning the levers, to a mean position for movement in either
direction as described for No 1. In our fifth arrangement figs 11. 12. 13. the barrel
or grooved wheel F, and the collar H are provided with toothed bevel wheels, on
their opposing surfaces. The loose collar J carries two cams I. I. provided with
bevel teeth, to gear with those on the wheel F, and collar H. These cams are so
formed, that when their shortest axes are parallel with that of the sleeve D, the
wheel A, and collar H, are free, but if the cams are turned upon their pivots they
present longer axes to the wheel, and collar, and thrust them asunder The requisite
movement of the cams is produced by the load pulling round the wheel F, which by
means of its bevel teeth, rolls the cam round upon the corresponding teeth, on
collar H. The Bell K serves the same purpose as in previous arrangements, the
acting surface of the cams, should be of helical form. An obvious modification of

page_text: this arrangement, would be to make the cams of circular form, and provide
inclines in each direction, on the faces of wheel F, and collar H. Under these
conditions the bevel teeth may be omitted from parts FHI & I but if retained
they will not interfere with the action. In all the preceding arrangements the
frictional surfaces, may be either flat, coned, grooved, fitted with leather or lead
intermediate rings or any other known device, for increasing friction. In our
sixth arrangement Figs. 14 & 15 the sleeve D fixed to bearing C, is made without
a collar; at the other end. The barrel F runs freely on the sleeve, and the
arm K is keyed to the shaft A as before. On the end of the barrel is provided
a projecting ring O, on the inner circumference of which are formed teeth, as
in an internal toothed wheel. On the sleeve D, and within this ring is a
loose collar H, split in halves. On the outside of these halves, are teeth
corresponding to those in the ring on the barrel. Between the two opposing sets
of teeth are disposed radially, 2 or more toothed cams I. I, as described for first
arrangement. If the toothed cams are held in the radial, or mean position, all the
parts are free to revolve If any relative movement of revolution occurs between
the barrel F, and the split collar H in either direction, the toothed cams will force
the split collar H tightly upon the sleeve D, and all the parts will be held.
Projections are provided as before on the barrel F, and the split collar H, to engage
with the arm K, and if power is applied to the latter, it forces all the parts into the
mean position, and enables them to revolve freely as bereinbefore described In
our seventh arrangement, retaining generally the form of the sixth, we omit the
teeth from the parts O. 1 & H Fig 16. making the ring O with internal helical
surfaces II as plain cylindrical rollers, and H either with cylindrical, or helical
surfaces. Relative motion between barrel F, with ring O, and split collar H, will
cause the rollers I. I. to wedge themselves into an ever decreasing space, and thus
thrust the split collar H, upon the sleeve D, the arm K as before returns all to the
mean position. In our eighth arrangement, the rollers I. I of the seventh are
omitted, and the helical surfaces of ring O, slide in immediate contact, with the
corresponding surfaces of split collar H, Fig 17 producing the same wedging effect.
In our ninth arrangement Figs 18, & 19 we retain from the sixth the sleeve D.
without a collar; A Barrel F running freely upon it, and an arm K secured to
shaft A, but the barrel has no ring upon it. We provide two split collars H. H upon
the sleeve D externally formed as cones, and screwed, embracing them is a nut P,
internally coned in reverse directions and screwed to fit the collars H. On the
nut P, are jaws engaging with an arm K, upon the end of the barrel so that any
motion of the barrel is communicated to the nut, The Barrel and both split
collars H. H are fitted with projections engaging, with the arm K. If the barrel
makes any movement in advance of the coned collars H. H in either direction,
it screws the nut P towards the larger diameter of one of them, and jambs it upon
the sleeve D. The duty of arm K, is as before. Our tenth arrangement is similar
in general form to the ninth, but the split collars H, H' Figs 20 and 21. are of L. J
section, a ring P fitting freely over the smaller diameter of collars H. H and between
the two in the opposing faces of the split collars H. H helical grooves are cut,
each collar having its groove of a reverse helix, to its antithesis and on the face of
the ring P, are provided pins or rollers to run in the helical grooves of collars H.
Motion of the barrel imparted to the ring P in either direction, will drive the pins
along the grooves, and force either one or the other split collar tightly on the
sleeve D. In our eleventh arrangement the parts are generally as in the sixth, but
the toothed ring on barrel is omitted. An additional loose collar J. Figs 22, 23 is
provided, carrying on pivots, the toothed cams I, I as described in the third arrange-
ment but now acting radially, between the collar J, and the split collar H, instead of
longitudinally as in Figs 7 & 8. In the arrangements from 6 to 11 inclusive the
frictional surfaces may be either cylindrical, or grooved and may be fitted with
intermediate leathers, or any other known device for increasing friction. In our
twelfth arrangement we use the parts required for No. 1. 2 & 3. 4 or 5 but omit the
sleeve. The parts previously made to run freely on the sleeve D, are here free upon

page_text: the shaft A, Figs 24 25. The loose collar H, takes an abutment against the arm K,
which is secured to the shaft A, Outside the bearing C is another collar, secured to
the shaft. Any thrust action now set up, by either of the methods hereinbefore
described, between the barrel F, and loose collar H, will have the effect of wedging
up together the bearing C, the barrel F, the wedging device I, and the loose collar H,
and as the bearing C is fixed, the barrel and load will be held. The release is
effected by arm K, as before. Our thirteenth arrangement, is a modification of
No 5 and specially adapted to winches and cranes Figs 26. 27. 28 Shaft A runs
freely, in side frame C A.fixed clutch E is secured to frame C. A pinion F is
prepared with bevel teeth or inclined surfaces, on its side as described in fifth
arrangement, and runs freely upon shaft A. A loose collar H is provided, with
surfaces, or teeth corresponding to pinion F, and fits the clutch E. A loose collar J,
carries cams I with or without teeth, and to suit the corresponding faces of pinion F,
and collar H as described for No 5. Shaft A is the hand shaft, and has secured to it
a boss K, which has projections, engaging with similar projections on collar H. The
shaft has forged upon it, an arm S, which also engages with projections on pinion F;
The latter is connected by spur gearing to the drum shaft; Motion given to the
shaft A, brings everything into the mean position by boss K, and arm S, and by
same means communicates motion to pinion and therefore to drum. Motion
imparted by the load, to the pinion F, leaves collar H bebind, brings cams I, I into
action, and couples up as before, between clutch E and frame C. Release is effected
by K and S as before.
Having now described our improvements, to the best of our ability, we should
wish it understood, that we do not confine ourselves to the precise details shewn,
and described as they may be varied, without departing from the peculiar character
of our invention. We do not claim the construction of self sustaining lifting, or
hauling machinery, nor the various forms of clutches described as such, by
themselves, but we do claim the combination of parts, as described or slight
modifications thereof, with lifting hauling and winding machinery in which there is
a driving wheel or its equivalent to receive the power, and a driven drum or its
equivalent to transmit the power to the load by means of which combination, the
whole apparatus is at all times free to receive motion through the driving wheel, in
either direction, but is automatically coupled up, to a fixed bearing, or the frame of
the machine or its equivalent, immediately motion, in either direction is initiated at
the driven barrel end of the apparatus, substantially as and for the purposes herein
set forth
In witness whereof, We the said John Sanders Stevens, and Charles George
Major have hereunto set our hands and seals, this twenty fourth day of
January in the year of our Lord. 1883
Witness
THOMAS SANFORD.
16 East Terrace,
Queen's Road,
Battersea Park.
JOHN SANDERS STEVENS (L.S.)
CHARLES GEORGE MAJOR (L.S.)