IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TELEGRAPII CABLES
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Edward Vaughan of 67 Chancery Lane, in tho
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF TELEGRAPII CABLES" a communication to me from
abroad by Samuel Trott and Frederic Adam Hamilton both of Halifax Nova
Scotia in the Dominion of Canada
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Edward Vaughan
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th November 1882.
GEORGE EDWARD VAUGHAN, of 67 Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TELEGRAPII CABLES,"
2 communication to me from abroad by Samuel Trott and Frederic Adam
Hamilton both of Halifax, Nova Scotia, in the Dominion of Canada,
This invention relates to the manufacture of an improved form of submarine
telegraph cable and has for its object the prevention of any twisting or wringing
asunder of the cable whilst being submerged or during the process of heaving in
for the purpose of repair or recovery.
Heretofore submarine telegraph cables have sometimes been abandoned as the
difficulties of recovering them from deep water have been almost insurmountable.
The reason of this is that the strength giving material of which submarine telegraph
cables are composed is laid up in such a manner that when under strain there is a
tendency to untwist and elongate because the twist or lay of the strength giving
material, or sheathing, is all in one direction. During the process of heaving in a
cable the material becomes untwisted or unlaid.
This unlaying of the cable from the ship's bow downwards causes a large
accumulation of twist at, and near, the oceau bed where the strain being small and
the cable comparatively slack kinks are consequently formed and the fabric is
wrenched and torn asunder.
To prevent this wringing and twisting asunder the cable is manufactured in
compensating layers, that is to say, the strength giving material is divided into

page_text: equal or nearly equal parts, one part of which is laid around the insulated conductor
(which may have been previously prepared with a padding of jute or other fibrous
material) in one direction and the other part is laid around in the opposite
direction thereby compensating for the twisting tendency of the under layer or
first serving of strength giving material. Around this prepared core is laid
helically about half of the strength giving material say from left to right.
The other portion of the strength giving material is then taken and laid on
helically over the previous layer and in the opposite direction.
The number of wires may be reduced so as to give the least specific gravity in
proportion to strength required.
Fibrous tape, or metallic tape, may be employed either as a core serving or as an
outer covering, or between the layers.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said George Edward Vaughan in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
3rd May 1883.
GEORGE EDWARD VAUGHAN, of 67 Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TELEGRAPH CABLES,"
A communication to me from abroad by Samuel Trott, and Frederic Adam
Hamilton, both of Halifax, Nova Scotia, in the Dominion of Canada,
This invention relates to the manufacture of an improved form of submarine
telegraph cable and has for its object the prevention of any twisting or wringing
asunder of the cable whilst being submerged or during the process of heaving in
for the purpose of repair or recovery.
Heretofore submarine telegraph cables have sometimes been abandoned as the
difficulties of recovering them from deep water have been almost insurmountable.
The reason of this is that the strength giving materials of which submarine
telegraph cables are composed aro laid up in such a manner that when under strain
there is a tendency to untwist and elongate because the twist or lay of the strength-
giving material or sheathing, is all in one direction.
During the process of heaving in a cable the material becomes untwisted or
unlaid.
This unlaying of the cable from the ships bow downwards causes a largo
accumulation of twist nt and near the ocean bed where the strain being small and
the cable comparatively slack kinks are consequently formed and the fabric is
wrenched and torn asunder.
To prevent this wringing and twisting asunder the cable is manufactured in
compensating layers, that is to say, the strength giving material is divided into
equal or nearly equal parts, one part of which is laid around the insulated conductor
(which may have been previously prepared with a padding of jute or other fibrous
material) in one direction and the other part is laid around in the opposite
direction thereby compensating for the twisting tendency of the under layer or
first serving of strength-giving material.
The strength-giving materials are, in some cases, yarns with steel or iron wires
between thein.
The number of wires may be reduced so as to give the least specific gravity in
proportion to the strength required.
Fibrous tape, or inetallic tape may be used either as a core serving, or as an outer
covering or between the layers.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of the said invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I would observe in conclusion that what
I consider novel and original and therefore desire to claim as constituting the
invention secured by the said herein before in part recited Letters Patent, is :-
In the manufacture of submarine telegraph cables, the employment of alternato
right hand and left hand servings or compensating layers composed of fibrous or
other materials and wires arranged in the manner set forth and for the purpose
hereinbefore described.
In witness whereof I tho said George Edward Vaughan have hereunto set
my hand and seal this third day of May in the year of our Lord Oue
thousand eight hundred and eighty throa