IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR STAMPING WAX AND OTHER CANDLES."
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Louis Schalleidner, of 36, Rue de Malte, Paris, in
the Empire of France, Machinist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR STAMPING WAX AND OTHER CANDLES.""
Sealed the 4th March 1870, and dated the 28th December 1869.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Louis Schalleidner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 28th December 1869, pursuant to the 9th
Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, LOUIS.
SCHALLEIDNER, of 36, Rue de Malte, Paris, in the Empire of France;
Machinist, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS:
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR STAMPING WAX AND OTHER CANDLES," and
have made solemn Declaration that I verily believe myself to be the
true and first Inventor thereof.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Louis Schalleidner, do hereby declare
that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and scal

page_text: fully describes and ascertains the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed :-
My Invention consists in a machine to stamp wax, stearine, or tallow
candles.
Machines have already been invented for this purpose, but they differ
essentially from mine.
Candles cannot be stamped cold, the material is too hard and they
would be broken, therefore the stamp must be heated; but if too high a
temperature be given to it the substance melts and the impression is not
clean (this stamp is a punch of silvered metal engraved in hollow or in
relief). Thus the first difficulty to be overcome is to give to the stamp
neither more or less than the temperature necessary to produce a clean
impression on the candle. If it were heated by a direct current of steam
it would be at too elevated a temperature, as stearine melts at about 158
degrees "Farenheit," which is much lower than the ordinary tempe-
rature of steam in boilers. Further everybody knows that steam coming
from a boiler is more or less hot accordingly as the pressure of steam in
the boiler is greater or less, and it is this which has led me to interpose
between the boiler and the stamp a regulator of the pressure of the steam;
I then obtain a constant pressure in this regulator and thenceforth a
constant temperature, which I regulate as required. I could also heat
the stamp by passing through it hot water at a constant temperature,
and by opening more or less the cock by which this water would be let
out of the stamp I should obtain a more or less elevated and regular
temperature. I might even heat the stamp by a small gas burner or a
spirit lamp. This heating of the stamp is a main point of my Invention.
Another particularity of my machine is that the stamp only presses
softly on the candle without shock or concussion, and whatever the
size of the candles to be stamped the stamp only just comes down to
contact with the candle. Therefore its height is regulated according to
the thickness of the candles to be stamped.
Finally my stamp is so arranged that if by oversight the cock by
which the steam or the hot water is introduced has not been opened
the stamp will at the moment it comes in contact with the candle yield,
and thus the candle will not be broken by this cold pressure.
Another essential part of my machine is the feeding wheel or apparatus,
that is to say, the wheel which brings the candles under the stamp. This

page_text: wheel is composed of two similar circular plates fixed on a horizontal
shaft; these plates have semicircular notches into which the candles
descend as the wheel passes before the inclined table or shelf on which
the candles to be stamped are arranged, and it is the non-continuous
rotation of this wheel which brings each candle under the stamp. A
little further on the candle of itself leaves the notches and descends into
a box. A guide varying in position, which is set according to the length
of the candles to be operated upon compels all the candles to present
themselves in the same manner before the feeding wheel so that the
stamp is printed on each candle at the same distance from its foot. I
also make machines in which the stamp is placed beneath the feeding
wheel instead of above it, thereby facilitating the running off of the
matter melted by the stamp; this matter (wax, stearine, or tallow) falls
into a trough which leads it into a vessel from whence it is collected.
In this case the candles are held in the notches of the wheel by two
elastic bands which press them on to the bottom of the said notches. In
these arrangements it is preferable to heat the stamp with a very small
gas burner or a small lamp placed underneath this stamp.
Such is the machine which I desire to secure by Letters Patent; it is
represented quarter size upon the accompanying Sheet of Drawing, and
will be thoroughly understood by reference to the following description
thereof, the same letters indicating the same parts in each of the Figures
respectively.
Fig. 1, front view of the machine; Fig. 2, top plan view of same;
Fig. 3, connection of the beam which carries the stamp with the arm of
the eccentric which moves this stamp ; and Fig. 4, details of the pression
regulator interposed between the steam boiler and the stamp.
A, shaft which gives motion to all the parts of the machine. On this
shaft is a pulley or toothed wheel A' receiving a continuous rotary
motion from any kind of motive power, also a fly A" to steady this.
movement. Finally on the same shaft are two eccentrics C and H, the
first actuates the beam D which carries the stamp m, M, and the second
communicates motion to the driving wheel B, B'; Z, Z, are iron cross
pieces tying the two sides of the machine. The axle D' of the beam is
carried by a vertical column E, and this column is fixed on the framing of
the machine by two nuts e, e'; thus the axle D' may be raised and
owered when required. When the candles are thick the beam is raised,
ifting with it the stampm, M; when they are small the beam is lowered.

page_text: It is thus that in every case the stamp only presses lightly on the candle
however thick this candle may be. The arm C' of the eccentric C being
linked to the beam D by means of the pin x and the spring 8, this
eccentric gives to the beam the come-and-go motion which applies the
stamp M on the candle G. At Fig. 3 may be seen how the beam is
linked with the arm C³ if the stamp M meets too much resistance; when
it presses on the candle the spring s permits the pin x to shift in the
slide, and the beam then yielding to the resistance the candle is not
crushed. The axle D' of the beam is hollow and connected with the
cock R which admits the steam arriving by the pipe 9; this steam
circulates in the beam D and reaches m; it is let out at will by the
purge cock Y and its pipe y. The arms I, J, are linked together and to
the click K, the whole actuated by the eccentric H gives to the wheel L
an intermittent rotary motion, and as this wheel Lis keyed on the shaft B
of the feeding wheel the same movement is given to the wheel B, B',
the notches b, b, b, b, of which fill with candles as they pass before the
shelf T. Each candle is thus brought to G, where it is stamped; it then
descends on to the shelf T', and thence into a box. The number of teeth
of L is necessarily the same as that of the notches of B, B¹; Fis a guide
fixed on the frame by a nut F¹; it is made to advance or retire, sliding
on the cross piece F" by means of the screw f¹ and its crank f; it is
thereforo fixed in such a way that the candles pass in a suitable manner
into the notches of the wheel B, B'. At Fig. 4 may be seen one of the
apparatuses which I use to regulate the pressure of the steam which heats
the stamp m, M. N is a screw, the nut i of which is fixed in the box a;
its conical end acts as a stopper to the steam inlet tube n; it allows more
or less steam to enter into the chamber Q, from whence it passes by two
pipes q and V into the body m of the stamp and in the flexible pocket O
of caoutchouc or other material, which pocket rests on a piece of
wood O'. When the pressure of the steam increases and overcomes the
pressure which the weight P' exercises on the pocket O this latter swells
out and uplifts the lever arm P, which then by means of the con-
necting rod X actuates the arm u fixed on the rod N¹, thenceforth the
screw N closes the steam inlet, consequently the pressure and the tempe-
rature decrease in the chamber Q as well as in the body m of the
stamp.

page_text: and the stamp to maintain the pressure of this steam, and consequently
its temperature at the required degree for the proper working of the
stamp.
2°. The use of hot water passing through the body of the stamp to
obtain the same result.
3°. The heating of the stamp by gas or by a lamp when this stamp is
placed under the candle, and in this case the easy running off of the
matter melted by the stamp.
4°. The use of a stamp heated to the required degree and acting only
by pressure and without shock or concussion on the candles to stamp
them.
5°. The arrangement which permits the raising and lowering of the
stamp according to the thickness of the candles.
6°. The connection of the beam with the arm of the eccentric by
means of a spring and a shifting pin, which permits the stamp to yield if
it meets with too much resistance in descending on to the candle.
7°. The use of a notched wheel to bring the candles above or under
the stamp.
8°. The use of a guide shifting, in order that the candles, however
long, may be properly brought under the stamp.
9. Lastly. The whole of these combinations in conjunction and
constituting a new machine for stamping candles.
In witness whereof, I, the said Louis Schalleidner, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of December, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
Witness,
BRESSON,
Ingènèur Civil,
Rue de Malte, 36,
à Paris.
L. SCHALLEIDNER. (L.S.)