IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GRINDING THE CARDS WITH WHICH PORTIONS OF CARDING ENGINES ARE CLOTHED OR COVERED
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Standring Dronsfield, of the Firm of
Dronsfield Brothers, Machinists, of Oldham, in the County of
Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
GRINDING THE CARDS WITH WHICH PORTIONS OF CARDING ENGINES ARE
CLOTHED OR COVERED."
Sealed the 15th March 1872, and dated the 20th September 1871.
'
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Standring
Dronsfield at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 20th September 1871.
I, JOSEPH STANDRING DRONSFIELD, of the Firm of Dronsfield Brothers,
Machinists, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
GRINDING THE CARDS WITH WHICH PORTIONS OF CARDING ENGINES ARE CLOTHED
OR COVERED," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the apparatus employed in the grinding of the
cards with which the cylinders, rollers, flats, or other similar parts. of

page_text: carding engines are clothed or covered, such grinding having for its
object to sharpen the points of the wires of the said cards, as is well
understood, and the said Invention principally refers to the apparatus for
which Letters Patent bearing date the Twenty-third day of January, in
the year One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, have been granted
unto me.
In the said apparatus the arms which sustain the card roller
during the operation of grinding have hitherto been fixed on a shaft, and
the requred movement has been imparted to the said arms through the
noid cheft
unto me.
In the said apparatus the arms which sustain the card roller
during the operation of grinding have hitherto been fixed on a shaft, and
the requred movement has been imparted to the said arms through the
said shaft.
According to my present Invention the said arms are not fixed on the
shaft by means of which they are actuated, but are jointed to brackets
fixed to the framing of the machine, or are mounted on pins or studs, or
are fixed on a shaft arranged to swivel in bearings when the required
movement is imparted to the said arms. The actuating shaft is fitted or
formed at each end with a crank or crank arm carrying a crank pin, and
each crank imparts the required movement to one of the said arms.
For this purpose a block is mounted on the said crank pin and the said
block is fitted to slide in a slot formed in the said arm, or one end of a
link is jointed to the said arm, the other end fitting on the said crank
pin, the arrangement being such as that when the crank shaft is rotated
to the necessary extent the upper ends of the said arms will simul-
taneously approach or recede from the grinding roller, as in my former
Invention. The said rotation of the crank shaft is or may be effected by
means of a worm gearing with a worm wheel or worm quadrant fixed on
the said shaft, the worm shaft or spindle being provided with a
winch handle or hand wheel, by means of which the said worm is
rotated. The bearing or one of the bearings in which the said
worm shaft is fitted is or may be split on one side so that the said
bearing may be tightened on the said shaft by means of a screw, in
order that when the aforesaid arms have been moved into any position
they may be fixed in the said position. In order to prevent or lessen
the vibration of the said arms during the operation of the machine I
apply springs to the said arms, which tend to draw the said arms
towards the framing of the machine, or which tend to thrust them
therefrom, according to the nature and arrangement of the said springs.
Excentrics may be employed in lieu of the aforesaid cranks, but I prefer
to use the latter in connection with the slotted arms.

page_text: Another part of my Invention relates to card grinding rollers, and has
for its object to reduce the weight of the said rollers and also to impart
to the said rollers a reciprocating motion in the direction of their axes.
The circumferential or cylindrical portion of the roller is formed of
tin plates, and is fitted with cast-iron ends, which are suitably bored, the
one to receive a fixed stud or axle, the other to receive a short length of
shaft which constitutes the other axle of the roller. The said shaft is
fitted to revolve in and to slide to some extent within the said cast-iron
end, and is provided at its inner end with an antifriction bowl, which is
pressed by means of a spring or of springs against the cam shaped surface
of a boss, formed on or by preference bolted to the said cast-iron end.
When at work the said shaft is caused to revolve, the action of the
aforesaid cam shaped surface together with the 'reaction of the said
spring or springs causing the roller to traverse or slide to and fro in the
direction of its axis. The end of the roller containing the fixed axle is
formed or provided with a pulley to receive a strap or band, by means of
which the said roller is caused to revolve, the arrangement admitting of
the speed of traverse of the said roller being varied without necessarily
altering the speed of revolution.
) SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Joseph Standring Dronsfield in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 20th March 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
STANDRING DRONSFIELD, of the Firm of Dronsfield Brothers, Machinists,
of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Joseph Standring Dronsfield, Her
special licence that I, the said Joseph Standring Dronsfield, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Joseph Standring Dronsfield, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and

page_text: link is jointed to the said arm, the other end fitting on the said crank
pin, the arrangement being such as that when the crank shaft is rotated
to the necessary extent the upper ends of the said arms will simul-
taneously approach or recede from the grinding roller, as in my former
Invention. The said rotation of the crank shaft is or may be effected by
means of a worm gearing with a worm wheel or worm quadrant fixed
on the said shaft, the worm shaft or spindle being provided with a
winch handle or hand wheel by means of which the said worm is
rotated. Excentrics may be employed in lieu of the aforesaid cranks,
but I prefer to use the latter in connection with the slotted arms.
Another part of my Invention relates to card grinding rollers, and has
for its object to reduce the weight of the said rollers, and also to impart
to the said rollers a reciprocating motion in the direction of their axes.
The circumferential or cylindrical portion of the roller is formed of tin
plates, and is fitted with cast-iron ends, which are suitably bored, the
one to receive a fixed stud or axle, the other to receive a short length of
shaft, which constitutes the other axle of the roller. The said shaft is
fitted to revolve in and to slide to some extent within the said cast-iron
end, and is provided at its inner end with an antifriction bowl, which is
pressed by means of a spring or of springs against the cam shaped
surface of a boss, formed on or by preference bolted to the inner end of
the said cast-iron end. When at work the said shaft is caused to
revolve, the action of the aforesaid cam-shaped surface together with the
reaction of the said spring or springs causing the roller to traverse or
slide to and fro in the direction of its axis. The end of the roller
containing the fixed axle is formed or provided with a pulley to receive a
strap or band, by means of which the said roller is caused to revolve, the
arrangement, admitting of the speed of traverse of the said roller being
varied without necessarily altering the speed of revolution.
In order that my Invention may be fully understood, I will in this
place refer to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, wherein are
represented a card grinding machine and a grinding roller constructed
in manner according with the said Invention. Letters of reference are
marked on the various Figures in the said Sheet, corresponding letters
indicating the same parts in the various Figures.
Fig. 1 is an end elevation and Fig. 2 a front elevation of the said
machine. drawn to a scale of about two inches to the foot. Thi

page_text: drawn about one-third of the full size, is a view partly in section of the
said grinding roller, Fig. being a cross section thereof.
In Figures 1 and 2, a and b are the aforesaid arms, which sustain the
card roller during the operation of grinding, the said arms being formed
or provided with V shaped steps at their upper ends as in my herein-
before mentioned Invention. A side view of the arm 6 is represented by
Figure 3. In the case of this arm the upper step c is fitted to slide on
the upper end of the said arm and is provided with an adjusting screw d.
The lower end of each of the said arms is hinged or jointed to a
bracket e, which is fixed to the framing of the machine, it being
desirable that the various parts of the said joint shall be carefully fitted
so that the arm may vibrate on the central pin of the said joint with as
little shake or 66
play" as is practically possible. In each arm a slot is
formed, and the opposite sides of the said slot are formed to true and
parallel surfaces, so that a block f may slide to and fro in the said slot,
the said block being carefully fitted to the slot, as in the case of the
aforesaid joint. Each block is bored to receive a crank pin, which is
fixed or formed on a crank arm g, there being two such crank arms, onc
at each end of the shaft h. The said shaft is mounted in bearings i, i,
fixed to the framing of the machine, and on the said shaft is fixed a
worm quadrant j. A worm shaft is fitted to revolve in bearings
formed in the bracket , which is fixed to the framing, and the said
worm shaft is formed or provided with a worm which gears into the
said worm quadrant, and with a hand wheel m, by means of which the
said worm shaft may be rotated. One side of one of the bearings in the
bracket is split or cut through, and a screw bolt fitted with a nut
formed with a handle m¹ passes through the divided sides of the bearing.
When it is desired to fix the arms in position, the handle m¹ is turned so
as to tighten the bearing and thereby to cause the said bearing to clip
the worm shaft and to prevent it from revolving.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-Supposing a card roller to
have been placed with its journals resting in the steps on the upper ends
of the arms a and b and the adjustment of the step on the arm to have
been effected, in the case of such adjustment being required, the
hand wheel m is to be rotated, thereby causing the shaft to revolve to
some extent and the crank arms g, g, acting through the blocks f,ƒ, on
the said arms cause the said arms to turn on the pins in the joints at
their lower ends, the upper ends of the said arms moving towards the

page_text: grinding roller A, and thereby bringing the card roller into contact there-
with, the grinding roller and card roller being caused to revolve as is
usual. When sufficiently ground a reverse motion of the said hand wheel
causes the withdrawal of the card roller from the grinding roller. In
order to prevent or lessen the vibration of the arms a and b during the
operation of the machine, a spring n is applied to each arm, the said
spring tending to draw the said arm towards the framing of the machine.
In lieu of this arrangement, springs which tend to thrust the said arms
from the said framing may be used.
The parts of the machine not herein described are or may be such as
I employ in my said former Invention.
In Figs. 4 and 5, the shell or the cylindrical portion o of the grinding
roller is formed of tin plates soldered together, and is stiffened by means
of corrugated or dished discs p, p, which are soldered to the, said
shell. Cast-iron ends q and are soldered, riveted, or attached to the
said shell, the end q being bored to receive the journal or axle 8, which
is fixed within the said end. The other axle or journal t is fitted to
revolve in a bearing formed in a flanched boss, which is bolted to the
end 7.
The inner end of the said boss is formed to act as a cam, and an
antifriction bowl x, which is mounted on a stud fixed to the journal t, is
maintained in contact with the said cam by the action of a spiral
spring y, which is attached by one end to the said boss, the other end
being caused to press against the inner end of the said journal. The
surface of the roller is prepared with cement and, with, emery in the
usual or in a suitable manner. The journal is provided with loose
collars u, u. When the grinding roller is placed in the steps attached
to a carding engine the said collars are fixed by means of set screws in
positions on each side of and close to one of the said steps, and then act
as fast collars to prevent the journal t from moving endwise in the said
step. The collar u¹ is formed with a projection on one side, which
when the said collar is reversed upon the journal t may be caused
to enter the said step, and so to prevent the said journal from
revolving. Under these circumstances, when the roller is caused to
revolve by means of a strap or band acting on the pulley v, the said
roller by reason of the action of the aforesaid cam on the aforesaid
antifriction bowl will traverse to and fro during each revolution. If
the journal be not thus prevented from revolving the roller will not
necessarily traverse during revolution. By imparting a revolving motion

page_text: JOSEPH STANDRING DRONSFIELD. (L.S.)
Signed and sealed by the said
Joseph Standring Dronsfield,
. in the presence of
EDWARD K. DUTTON,
Agent for the Patentee,
3, Smithy Door,
Manchester.