IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ANIMAL OILS, THE SAID IMPROVEMENTS RELATING MORE PARTICULARLY TO THE PROCESSES OF 337 WARR BAR " PRO TO BE USED FOR LUBRICATING PURPOSES
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry William Spencer, of Stepney Causeway,
Commercial Road, County of Middlesex, Oil Manufacturer, for the In-
vention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ANIMAL OILS, THE
SAID IMPROVEMENTS RELATING MORE PARTICULARLY TO THE PROCESSES OF
337 WARR BAR
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry William Spencer
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th August 1861.
I, HENRY WILLIAM SPENCER, of Stepney Causeway, Commercial Road,
County of Middlesex, Oil Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ANIMAL OILS, THE
SAID IMPROVEMENTS RELATING MORE PARTICULARLY TO THE PROCESSES OF REFINING
THEM TO BE USED FOR LUBRICATING PURPOSES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
My Invention relates to that portion of the manufacture of oil connected
with the refining of animal oils which are to be used for lubricating purposes.
Hitherto, the purification or refining process, when such is done, has been
effected by the introduction of an acid or alkali during the cleansing process.
My Invention consists in introducing to the crude oil a decoction of nutgalls,
which I boil with the oil. The tannic acid in this solution has the effect of
completely precipitating the glutinous, albuminous, and other stringy com-
pounds, which render the oil thick and useless for lubricating purposes.
Instead of using a decoction of nutgalls to obtain the tannic acid, I may use
any other substance containing tannic acid which is equally cheap and
convenient.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Henry William Spencer in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 28th February 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
WILLIAM SPENCER, of Stepney Causeway, Commercial Road, County of Mid-
dlesex, Oil Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of Iler reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Henry William Spencer, Her special licence, that I, the said Henry William
Spencer, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as 1, the said
Henry William Spencer, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ANIMAL OILS, THE SAID IMPROVEMENTS RELATING
MORE PARTICULARLY TO THE PROCESSES FOR REFINING THEM TO BE USED FOR
LUBRICATING PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Henry William Spencer, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry William Spencer, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
My Invention relates more particularly to that portion of the manufacture
of oil connected with the refining of animal oils which are to be used for
lubricating purposes.
Hitherto the purification or refining process of oils, when such is adopted,
has been effected by the introduction of strong acids or alkalies during the
process.
My Invention consists in causing a precipitation and removal of the glutinous
or albuminous matters, which render the oil useless for lubricating purposes;

page_text: this I effect by introducing into the crude oil, in a boiling state, a decoction of
nutgalls, or any other such like substance from which I can obtain easily, con-
veniently, and cheaply tannin or tannic acid, the action of which throws down
the aforesaid impurities, and renders the oil much more suitable for lubricating
purposes.
In applying my Invention, of course attention must be given to observe the
different kinds and qualities of the oils to be acted upon, and the amount of
solution of nutgalls, or the quantity of tannin or tannic acid and water to be
used will depend upon the kind of oil and the impurities it contains; for instance,
for what is known as crude marrow oil I adopt the following operations :-I
take about four pounds of nutgalls, or any equivalent containing the same
amount of tannin or tannic acid, and pour upon them one hundred and
twenty pounds of boiling water; I allow this mixture to stand for about
three hours, occasionally stirring it. The supernatant clear liquor is then
removed and mixed with about one hundred and twenty gallons of oil, and
boiled together with steam for about four or six hours. When the boiling
is complete, I add to the mass about half a pint of sulphuric acid for
the purpose of giving gravity to the combined water. The albuminous,
gelatinous, or stringy matters will be precipitated, and may be recovered in
any convenient manner.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and of what it consists,
and the application of it, I wish it understood that what I claim as new and
desire secured to me by the before in part recited Letters Patent is, the
process of purifying or refining animal oils by removing from them the
gelatinous, albuminous, or such like substances which they contain, in order to
render them more useful for lubricating purposes, by means of the introduction
of nutgalls or other such like substance containing tannin or tannic acid, in
the manner and in the proportions herein more particularly set forth and
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry William Spencer, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of February, One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.