matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY AND ROLLING STOCK FOR MOUNTAIN RAILWAYS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Friedrich Carl Glaser at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th December 1882. A Communication
to him by Roman Abt a Citizen of Switzerland and a resident of Paris in the
French Republic.
FRIEDRICH CARL GLASER, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia, and Empire of
Germany, Engineer and Patent Solicitor, "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT
WAY AND ROLLING STOCK FOR MOUNTAIN RAILWAYS" A Communication to me
by Roman Abt a Citizen of Switzerland and a resident of Paris in the French
Republic.
This invention relates to an improved Rack toothed rod or rail and improved
Toothed-wheel-Locomotive and Tender to be used for mountain Railways, or any
steep incline.
This improved construction of rack or toothed rail is represented in Figures 1
to 5 inclusive of the accompanying Sheet of Drawing where it will be seen that
unlike the ladder or step shaped rails hitherto made it consists of several parts and
possesses teeth set out and narrowed or tapering cross wise.
The single rails, as also the attachment parts are rolled, and the teeth made by
boring or perforating and sawing.
The fixing together of the rails is made to alternate that is to say the joints do
not come opposite each other so that not only an isolated sleeper but the whole of
the cross sleepers contribute to securely fasten the rack or toothed rail
The cross setting of the teeth insures the direct engagement of the toothed drum
in the rack so that all transmission wheels are dispensed with.
It also allows of a travelling speed reaching to 25 Kilometres per hour without
affecting its very gentle and safe working
For propulsion upon main lines with rack or toothed rail permanent way. I
construct a toothed-wheel locomotive the general arrangement of the frame of
which is that known as the "Engerth system"
The axle of the toothed driving wheel is attached to the tender frame. Motion
is given to it by means by means of two special cylinders which receive their steam
through the main coupling between tender and engine frame as is shewn in Figs :
7 and 8.

page_text: In this construction the central spherically shaped pivot is grasped by two
hollowed out parts 8 which may be tightened up thereto by keys k. One of these
hollowed out parts receives the fresh steam, conducts it. to the sphere, and this
latter supplies it through its upper connection to the cylinders of the tender.
The second hollowed out part receives through another division of the sphere
and its lower connecting part the requisite steam and conducts it to the inain
engine or Locomotive
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MANHOLE COVERS OR DOORS FOR DRAINS AND OTHER PLACES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Dyer at the Office of the
Cominissioners of Patents on the 27th April 1882.
FREDERICK DYER of Camden Town in the County of Middlesex
"IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MANHOLE COVERS OR DOORS FOR DRAINS AND OTHER PLACES,"
The top cover is made as usual with small oblong squares on the surface to
prevent the foot from slipping over it. The most important part of the improve-
ment is in the joint; the under part of the cover has a groove near the outer edge
in which is fixed a stout endless India-rubber tube or ring with about one third
of its surface exposed the remainder being held firmly by a converging rim on
both sides of the groove; the part of the rubber exposed thus lies on the smooth
raised surface of a projecting flange or rib of the frame; and by these means its
own weight keeps the joint or cover airtight. At or towards each end of the
cover is fixed a sunken eye or equivalent the top of which is flush with the surface
so that by means of a suitably formed small hook handle, it may be lifted easily,
and thus save the trouble which is always experienced in those fastened with the
ordinary lock.
It will be seen that in this improved flap the dangers which exist in the usual
hinged flap are entirely removed; that is to say with a hinged cover there'is great
danger in this way: when one succeeds after great difficulty in opening the same, it
is found that the top part of the hinge is always so full of rust and dirt that it
will not go back far enough for a man to go down with safety, because a man
being below the manhole would often have one hand on the rim of the frame or
his head just above the surface and the cover only being just upright there is
great danger of its falling on the man's head or cutting off his fingers & cetera;
whereas with my improved airtight man-hole-flap the cover is easily entirely
removed with the proper handle and of course as easily replaced and thus the
trouble of opening it and the danger of its falling on any one is entirely removed,
while the price is moderate.
This flap is made preferably of cast iron. Some of the advantages it offers are
as follows:-The flange of the frame is at the bottom instead of at the top so that
it forms a better bearing on the brickwork and does not require as in most other
cases the stone-work to be cut away to allow of the flange being made flush.
AN IMPROVED CHIMNEY POT
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Wetton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th January 1882.
JOHN WETTON of Tudor Street Abergavenny in the County of Monmouth,
Chimney Sweep. "AN IMPROVED CHIMNEY POT."
My Invention relates to the improved construction of chimney pots, and the
chief objects of my Invention are to increase the draught, and entirely or partially
prevent smoking.
An improved chimney pot constructed in accordance with my Invention
consists chiefly of two cylinders, an internal and an external arranged in the
manner following:-the internal cylinder forms the smoke flue from the chimney
and resembles an ordinary chimney pot and is fixed on the chinney by means of
a flange round its base, or it may be secured or imbedded in any convenient
manner. This internal cylinder is about the height of an ordinary chimney pot
and its diameter slightly diminishes from the base to the top.
The external cylinder is about the same length or sometimes longer than the
internal cylinder and is larger in diameter than the internal cylinder to the upper
portion of which it is attached, covering about two-thirds and extending about
one third above the internal cylinder.
The external cylinder is positioned and secured to the internal cylinder by
means of three radial divisions or by other suitable means, and has a base
constructed like an inverted cone thereby increasing the up-draught through the
external cylinder.
My improved chimney pot may be constructed of terra-cotta, galvanized iron or
other suitable material.
IN STOVES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Smith Slater at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th November 1882.
SMITH SLATER of Oldham in the County of Lancaster, Mechanic,
MENTS IN STOVES
"
"IMPROVE-
My Invention relates principally to portable stoves adapted to be carried from
one room or place to another as may be required. In such stoves as constructed in
accordance with my Invention an outer case of thin sheet metal is provided with
an ornamental base and with a renovable cover. Provision is made for connection
with a pipe to convey the products of combustion into a chimney. Inside this
case is mounted a perforated shell which contains the fuel. This shell is provided
with an adjustable bottom which can be fixed at different heights according to the
time the stove is required to be in continuous operation. A pipe or an air
passage extends through this shell and communicates with an inlet passage in the
base. The said shell is removable so that it can be carried to a suitable place
where the ashes can be emptied out and the shell be recharged with fuel. In some
cases I arrange for the inner air pipe to screw into the air passage in the base but
in others simply conical joints are used. The fuel is lighted at the top and an
inner thin metal cover having a connection for the air pipe is placed over the shell
containing the fuel the outer cover being then placed in position. Air is admitted
through a small opening and an auxilliary valve is opened until the fire has
burnt up." In some cases I make the stove in parts which can be readily put
together so that it can be more readily moved from place to place. When I forin
a screw upon the air pipe I arrange for it to screw to the inverted inner cover
which when the shell is removed forms a tray to catch falling ashes.
"
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR TRUNKS AND BOXES, APPLICABLE ALSO TO FASTENINGS FOR OTHER PURPOSES, SUCH FOR INSTANCE AS TRAVELLING BAGS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Highfield Jones at the.
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th December 1882.
WILLIAM HIGHFIELD JONES, of the firm of Jones Brothers and Company of
Wolverhampton in the County of Stafford, Japanners, Tinplate Workers and
Enamellers, "IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR TRUNKS AND BOXES, APPLICABLE
ALSO TO FASTENINGS FOR OTHER PURPOSES, SUCH FOR INSTANCE AS TRAVELLING
BAGS
The chief object of this invention is to construct a fastening specially applicable
to sheet metal trunks and boxes which shall be of a very simple character and
also of considerable strength and security.
The ordinary locking hasp for a sheet metal trunk or box, instead of being
hinged to a separate mounting in the usual manner, is connected rigidly to or
formed solid with a horizontal round bar running a considerable distance across the
face of the lid and at a slight distance above the lower edge thereof. On either.
side of the horizontal bar from the middle thereof is fixed rigidly to it or formed
solid there with one or more clips shaped to pass round and under a moulding
running along the upper part of the front of the body part of the trunk or box.
The horizontal bar is held by straps to the lid. Collars may be formed on the bar
to prevent it moving end ways, and the bar is capable of being turned axially in
the straps. The bar with the clips thereon turns with the locking hasp and when
the latter is turned down into its locked position the clips pass round and hold
under the moulding, aforesaid, thus giving great resistance to the lifting of the lid
on either side of the front thereof and preventing the corners from being sprung
open. When the hasp is raised the clips are raised therewith and the lid may be
opened. The moulding, aforesaid, is the same as that frequently employed in
metal trunks and boxes and may be of any section which permits of the clips
holding thereunder when down, and being readily raised up with the hasp to
unfasten the lid. The common half-round moulding answers admirably. The
hasp is locked in the ordinary manner by means of the usual lock on the trunk or
box front.
In lieu of a continuous moulding along the front of the trunk or box simple
projections may be formed or fixed to the front of the trunk or box to form a hold
for the clips when turned down.

page_text: This invention is applicable to other fastenings in which a hasp may be employed
in an analogous manner to its use as described in the case of a trunk or box, for
instance the hasp with the bar and clips may be carried on one side of a travelling
bag and a moulding or projections may be formed on the other side, and the
fastening be thus effected in the manner substantially as described for a trunk or 5
box.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PISTON LUBRICATORS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd August 1882. A communication
to him from abroad by Johannes Fleischer, of Cologne, Germany.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex, IMPROVEMENTS IN PISTON
LUBRICATORS, a communication to me from abroad by Johannes Fleischer, of
Cologne, Germany,
This invention relates to a lubricating device and consists essentially in the first
place of constructing a piston of two circular metallic discs holding between them a
number of layers of cork, India rubber, paste-board or other more or less elastic
material; and in the second place, in combination with such a piston, a mechanism
for the regulation of the supply of the requisite quantity of semi-solid unguent,
consisting of a link pressed by a spring against the piston rod which is provided on
its periphery with one or more notches into which the link falls.
This piston moves in a cylindrically bored vessel and is provided with a screw
rod for its regulation, which runs through the cover of the vessel, this cover being
screwed on to the vessel. The screw rod has on its upper end a head for its
operation. When the head is turned, the piston moves downward and the said link
glides over the piston rod until it arrives at a notch into which it falls, and in this
way is obtained a measure or scale for the advance of the piston with reference to
the quantity of unguent which is to be transmitted at one time to the object to be
lubricated, and so admits of the greatest economy in lubrication. The objections to
lubricants now in use at the retirement of the piston are effectually obviated by the
said linking device. There is a slight projection to the link outside of the vessel
by means of which it can be withdrawn from the notches. The cover is then
screwed off, and the vessel filled anew with unguent. When again screwing the
cover down, the apparatus is once more ready for use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Cocker and James Ellis at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th December 1882.
THOMAS COCKER, Dyer and JAMES ELLIS, Mill Manager both of Gildersome
in the county of York " IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO STEAM BOILER
AND OTHER FURNACES
"
.
This Invention relates to improvements in or applicable to such furnaces
whereby the formation of what are known as "clinkers *" between the grate bars
thereof may be prevented.
Hitherto it has been attempted to accomplish this object by mechanical means
but we have discovered that if steam or vapour be caused to pass through the
grate from the underside the ashes will fall through the bars. The method we
propose to adopt is to form a cistern for water or other liquid underneath the whole
extent of the grate into which the hot ashes will drop and generate steam which
will be carried by the draught upwards through the grate bars.
In addition to pure water we believe that it will be advantageous to use
chemical solutions such as the "mother-liquor" produced in the manufacture of
soap, or the liquid from wool washing machines or ammoniacal liquor. Whilst
preventing the formation of clinkers our Invention will preserve the grate bars
from being burnt and ensure a more perfect draught whereby the fuel will be
greatly economized.
•
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHUTTLES USED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Rawlinson Richards at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th January 1882.
JOHN RAWLINSON RICHARDS of Kirkham near Preston in the County of
Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHUTTLES USED IN LOOMS
FOR WEAVING."
My Invention relates to the construction of the tongue or peg of the shuttle the
object of the Invention being to close the spring of the peg as the latter is raised
up out of the shuttle, so that the cop or pirn of weft can be easily placed thereon
or removed therefrom, and thus to diminish the liability of injury to the interior
thereof and consequent waste of yarn. As the peg with the cop or pirn on it is
pressed back into the shuttle the spring expands and holds the cop or pirn fast,
In the slot at the heel end of the peg I fix a double excentric or can, and
between this and the end of the spring of the peg passes a bent arm which is
capab
ble of oscillating on a pin fixed in the wood of the shuttle.
The form of this bent arm and of the double excentric or cam fixed in the peg
is such that as the shuttle peg is turned outwards from the shuttle the spring of
the peg is closed in and the cop can be easily placed thereon or removed, but as
the peg is pressed back into the shuttle the spring expands and holds the cop or
pirn securely.
I sometimes make the arm double so that it will give more or less pressure
according to the power required.
*
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEASURING RULES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Green at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th May 1882.
HENRY GREEN of Handsworth in the County of Stafford Commission Agent.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MEASURING RULES."
This Invention consists of Improvements in jointed measuring rules by which
they may be converted into T squares either at right angles or at any bevil
required. With this view I form a jointed rule with one of its arms jointed again
at any point in its length so that one part of the jointed arm may fold over upon
the other and may be secured there by a small edge bolt, which edge bolt also
serves to secure the joint open when not required to be used as a square. This
jointed arm acts when folded as the head or stock of the square, the other arm
acting as the blade.-The joint connecting these two arms, and which is the usual
rule, joint, may be fitted with a small spring edge bolt engaging in holes in the
circular joint and the face of the joint being marked in degrees, the bolt may be.
Bet to any one of these degrees, and thus the blade can be fixed at any angle with
the stock when a bevil square is required.
AN IMPROVED WINDOW-SASH FASTENER
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Maurice Delmard at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th January 1882.
MAURICE DELMARD of Plumstead Common, in the County of Kent, Gentleman.
"AN IMPROVED WINDOW-SASH FASTENER."
My Invention relates to an improved window sash fastener which is very simple
in its construction and operation, whilst at the same time it will lock or secure a.
window more tightly and safely than an ordinary fastener.
In carrying the said Invention into practice I provide a plate designed to be
secured on the meeting bar of the upper sash, upon which plate there is a hooked
stud or lug.
A slot
Another plate is provided designed to be secured to the corresponding meeting
bar of the lower sash and on this plate there is a stud or pin on which an eccentric
can with an opening at one part of the edge is mounted so as to be capable of
rotating. This rotation causes said cam to engage with the hooked stud on the
other plate, and draws the said meeting bars together tightly and securely at the
same time allowing considerable latitude for an open joint in an old sash.
is provided in the underside of the cam in which slot the centre pin or stud enters,
thus providing for a certain amount of play so that the revolution of the said cam,
when the unfastening is effected, removes said cam outside the line of the vertical
movement of the top bar of the upper half of a sash in the case of a window
requiring to be fully opened, and the position of the two halves of a sash being
reversed. Stop pins and slots are provided for keeping the cam within its necessary
position.
I may provide in combination with said cam-fastener a spring-locking catch for
securing the fastener in its locked position with regard to the said meeting bars.
I may also furnish the cam fastener with a coiled or other spring suitable for
performing automatically the locking action of the fastener, and I provide in
combination with the same a suitable locking and releasing trigger for said spring.
In securing a window sash by means of my improved fastener on the meeting
bars being brought together the said eccentric cam is revolved by turning a milled
head provided at the upper part thereof, or by a lever or other means, and in its
revolution the said cam passes behind the said hooked stud or lug, and by bearing

page_text: behind the same draws said bars tightly together; and for the prevention of said
cam slipping back or being unloosed from the outside of the window said spring
catch in said cam fastener engages a stud or slot provided on the cam stud plate.
In applying my improved fastener with an automatic locking action the said cam
fastener is locked back by means of the trigger aforesaid and on the meeting bars
of a sash being brought to their closed position, said trigger strikes on the upper
meeting bar plate and releases said cam which is then forcibly revolved by said
spring into its locked position where it is secured by aforesaid spring catch and
stud or slot,
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC LAMPS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Osgood Gee Pritchard at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st August 1882.
OSGOOD GEE PRITCHARD of Penge in the County of Surrey, Electrician
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC LAMPS
"
My invention relates to improvements in electric lamps of that class known as
the Sun lamp in which the light of the arc is supplemented by the incandescence
of a block of marble raised to an intense heat by the arc playing along its surface.
And my invention has for its principal object to prevent the wasting away of the
carbon electrodes by so enclosing them that after the lamp has been lighted a
short time, they will be surrounded by an atmosphere which is practically incapable
of supporting combustion, so that they will be rendered capable of indefinite
duration.
In my lamp the arc is formed between the points of carbons along a narrow
and comparatively deep fissure or groove in a piece of marble or suitable material
in which the carbon points rest. This fissure or groove is formed in the upper side
of a sphere of marble which is closely enclosed in a spherical envelope of highly
refractory material made in segments and in one or more layers breaking joint
with one another and enclosed in a metal sheath or casing.
The carbons pass through closely fitting openings in the refractory envelope in
directions more or less convergent towards the centre of the marble sphere. They
are contained within metal sheaths or tubes projecting outwards from the metal
sheath or casing and are closely packed with asbestos or other suitable material to
prevent access of air to the incandescent points.
The light is emitted through a circular opening in the metal sheath and
refractory envelope opposite to the groove in which the arc is formed, and to this
opening is applied a closely fitting cone of polished metal, the outer or large end of
which is closed by a lens or glass by which the access of air is prevented and the
light is transmitted to a reflector above, which disperses it in all directions. The
luminous focus being thus hermetically enclosed, the oxygen of the small quantity
of air which is contained at the time of first lighting the lamp, soon becomes
consumed after which the lamp continues to burn in an inert atmosphere and the
further consumption of the carbons and marble sphere is prevented. The carbons
do not therefore require any feed mechanism, but a small spring may be applied to
keep them in their places in the groove of the marble, or the lamp may be inverted
with a larger condenser used without the reflector.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Clarke at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd September 1882.
WILLIAM CLARKE of Birmingham in the County of Warwick Iron Merchant
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON "
་་
This Invention consists in so treating common iron whilst in the puddling
furnace that it is cleansed from all impurity; its quality is greatly improved, and its
bulk increased.
For this purpose I apply to the iron, whilst under the process of puddling, a
mixture consisting of the following ingredients in about the following proportions
Three pounds of Tafna ore found in North Africa or of ore possessing similar
constituents such ores being found in Algeria and in Spain Three pounds of
Iron Pyrites commonly known as Purple ore or "Blue Billy" Four ounces of
wood sawdust and Eight ounces of Bay or rough salt. These materials being
reduced to powder and thrown upon the iron in the puddling furnace are sufficient
for one charge or heat of Four hundred weight and a half of iron. The result is a
highly improved quality of iron thoroughly cleansed and a larger yield from the
same charge of common iron.

page_text: "
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent and of an
Order of the Lord Chancellor filed by the said William Clarke in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 4th April 1883..
WILLIAM CLARKE of Birmingham in the County of Warwick Iron Merchant
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON
This Invention consists in so treating common iron whilst in the puddling furnace
that it is cleansed from all impurity its quality is greatly improved and its bulk
increased For this purpose I apply to the iron whilst under the process of puddling
a mixture consisting of the following ingredients in about the following proportions:
Three pounds of Tafna ore an ore very rich in metallic iron found in North Africa
or of other ore possessing similar constituents such ores being found also in Algeria.
and in Spain, Three pounds of iron pyrites commonly known as purple ore or
"Blue Billy," four ounces of wood sawdust and eight ounces of Bay or rough salt.
These materials being reduced to powder and thrown upon the iron whilst in the
boiling state in the puddling furnace are sufficient for one charge or heat of four
hundredweight and a half of pig iron.-The result is a highly improved quality of
iron thoroughly cleansed from phosphorus and a larger yield from the saine charge
of common iron.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention and the manner in which
the same is to be performed I claim: The improvements in the manufacture of iron
by treating common iron whilst under the operation of puddling with a mixture
composed of the ingredients herein described or their chemical equivalents
in the proportions or about the proportions herein more fully set forth and
specified.
In witness whereof I the said William Clarke have hereunto set my hand
and seal this twenty second day of March in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty three
AT
("CNT)
VITT AL
AM CLARKE
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR PARING THE CURLS OF HAT-BRIMS
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Cree of Denton in the County of Lancaster,
Hatter, for an Invention of "IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR PARING
THE CURLS OF HAT-BRIMS"
(Void by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Cree at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th July 1882.
JAMES CREE of Denton in the County of Lancaster, [Hatter,] “IMPROVED MEANS
OR APPARATUS FOR PARING THE CURLS OF HAT BRIMS
My Invention relates to the paring of edges of brims of hats.
To effect the paring,—a flexible ring is employed on a plate made to the shape of
the hat brim.
According to my Invention, I proceed mainly as follows:-
On a suitable frame I mount shafts terminating at one end in cog wheels gearing
into each other, one of the shafts carrying wheel for actuating the machine, or the
machine may be worked by steam power-On the said frame is secured by
suitable means a knife at a suitable angle.-The lower shaft carries a fixed feed
and the upper shaft is acted upon by spring or suitable arrangements so that the
width or depth of brim is not interfered with in working. A plate or guide is
fitted in front of the lower feed to press the brim of the hat to knife To the brim
is fitted under the curl a flexible ring or spring of the shape of the curl, the knife
passing between the feeders to the inner side of the curl, the feeder carrying it
under the knife, and the paring is duly completed.-On the said frame is also
attached a shaft free to move To the end of this shaft, and in front of the fixed
feed is secured a plate on a swivel, to which is attached another plate which presses
against the outer rim of the hat; said plate being so formed as to give to the depth
of the brim when being cut-The plate to give to the brim of the hat is actuated
by a small handle or lever acting on the slide bar
•
IMPROVEMENTS IN DYNAMO-ELECTRIC AND MAGNETO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Wilson Swan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th September 1882.
JOSEPH WILSON SWAN of the City and County of Newcastle-upon-Tyne,
Chemist "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYNAMO-ELECTRIC AND MAGNETO-ELECTRIC
MACHINES"
My Invention consists of an improved arrangement of the copper conductor
forming the armature or current delivering portion of a dynamo-electric or magneto-
electric machine whereby increased facility is obtained in its construction.
The improved armature consists essentially of a flat spiral ring of copper whose
diameter greatly exceeds its thickness and in which are cut radial slots extending
alternately from the exterior and interior of the ring partway across its width.
The internal and external diameters of the ring are varied to suit with the number
and size of the magnets between which it is intended to operate so also is the
number of the slots and their distance apart.
Additional radial slots are sometimes cut in the ring to lessen the tendency to
development of heat-these do not extend either to the outer or inner edge of the
copper but only intersect the portion of the ring covered by the magnetic poles
during rotation.
The thickness of the copper forming the convolutions of the ring and the number
of the convolutions are varied to obtain a greater or less degree of electro-motive
force and a greater or less degree of resistance.
The successive convolutions of the spiral are electrically insulated from each
other by slight separation aided where necessary by the interposition of some
insulating material such as ebonite, paper, asbestos-paper and shellac or by means
of vitreous enamel fused by heat so as to obtain the firm attachment to each other
of adjacent convolutions of the spiral the said enamel constituting both an
insulating and a cementing medium between the said convolutions.
The slotted spiral ring having been formed as described is mounted on a disc of
wood or other suitable material and at its centre is fixed an axle by means of which
it is rotated between the poles of magnets or electro-magnets arranged on each side
in a circular form on a frame-I may, however, reverse this arrangement and have
Prine 11

page_text: the armature stationary and the magnets rotatory-In either case the magnets are
so arranged that N and S poles alternate in each circle and N and S poles oppose
each other.
The current is taken from the two ends of the armature spiral ring. When the
said armature is arranged for rotation, the ends of the spiral ring are connected to
two insulated metal rings fixed on the axle and the current is delivered from two
springs which press upon the rings.
The magnets may be either permanent magnets or electro-magnets-If the latter
they are excited by an independent source of electricity.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE SUPPLY OF WATER TO WATER-CLOSETS AND OTHER PLACES AND FOR PREVENTING WASTE
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Adler Biddis at the Office of
the Cominissioners of Patents on the 21st October 1882.
GEORGE ADLER BIDDIS, of Newbury in the County of Berks,
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE SUPPLY OF WATER TO WATER-CLOSETS AND
OTHER PLACES AND FOR PREVENTING WASTE
"
My Invention relates to apparatus for controlling or regulating the supply of
water to water closets urinals and other places.
The Invention consists in a container of a certain capacity supported upon a
horizontal axis within an outer container or cistern in such manner as to be rocked
by connections from the pull-handle and discharge its contents into the outer
cistern with which the pan of the closet or basin of the urinal is in permanent
connection by an open pipe. The container may be made of any suitable metal
and its forward edge is made of such a form that it will readily empty its contents
when acted on by the pull handle of the closet, and it is counterweighted in order
that it may immediately right itself after discharging its contents. The ball-valve
which is arranged above the container is provided with a rock bar pivoted to the
outer cistern which rock bar has a lug or projection at one end and is acted on by
a projection on a horizontal lever connected to the pull-handle at the other end in
such manner that the projection on the rock-bar will raise or hold the ball valve
lever while the container is being emptied so as to cut off the supply and permit
the ball-valve to open and fill the container when the latter returns to its original
position.
The apparatus is provided with horizontal guard plates at front and rear of the
container to avoid splashing of the water when the container is emptied
IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE LETTER COPYING PRESSES AND IN SUBSIDIARY APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH AND APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS PURPOSES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William John Brewer and John
Rudolph Meihé at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
6th March 1882.
WILLIAM JOHN BREWER of 23 Rood Lane in the City of London, Engineer and
JOHN RUDOLPH MEIHÉ of Lawrence Pountney Hill, in the City of London,
Engineer IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE LETTER COPYING PRESSES AND IN
SUBSIDIARY APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH AND APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS
PURPOSES,
Our invention relates to the construction of a light and portable letter copying
press, in which simple mechanical pressure is employed, in combination with an
elastic air or water bag, to equalize such pressure; and further, in the construction
of the constituent parts of the same, so that they may serve various purposes.
Our improved copying press is as follows: A bed plate of light and suitable
material supports an inflated india-rubber-cushion, upon which the letter book is
to rest. Projecting upwards from the bed plate are, at one side thereof, metal
pieces, pierced at intervals, (to suit different thicknesses of letter-books) At the
opposite side if the bed plate is a single Metal piece, hinged outwardly, and pierced
at similar intervals to the first named pieces. All of these metal pieces may be
hinged to fall and stow when not in use. The pressure is applied by means of a
platen, at one side of which are projections hinging into the metal side pieces first
named. At the opposite side of the platen, and in a position to correspond with
the single hinged metal side piece, is a tongue with a sloped edge and notch, upon
which the flap of the hinged piece is forced. This gives the required pressure, and
the pressure is equalized by means of the inflated elastic bag.
The parts are or may be constructed to serve other purposes:-
The bed plate in place of being made solid, may be in the form of a strong
frame with wire or wicker work stretched upon it to serve as a seat.
The inflatable cushion may be used as a cushion for the aforesaid or other seat,
or it may be employed as a pillow or water bottle. In the latter case the air
inflating valve (conveniently a clack valve) is made within a stopper, which is
capable of complete withdrawal for better convenience in filling or emptying.

page_text: Again it may be used as a buoyant life preserver. In this case we fix a pair of straps
to the sides, through which the arms are to pass and where much buoyancy is
desired, we add to our apparatus one or more long inflated rubber cylinders,
attachable to the cushion and to pass round the body. Again the cushion may
be inflated with any chemical fluid suitable for the extinction of fire, and being
fitted with a nozzle, will form a portable "extincteur" suitable for emergencies.
We may further add to our apparatus a water receptacle and damping brush,
both of rubber.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HOLDING COINS, MEDALS, ORNAMENTS, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th January 1882. A communi-
cation from abroad by Isidor Guttmann, of Berlin, Germany.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR HOLDING COINS, MEDALS, ORNAMENTS, AND OTHER ARTICLES,"
A communication from abroad by Isidor Guttmann, of Berlin, Germany.
This Invention has for its object to replace the usual medallion or medal holder
which consists of two hinged halves, by a safer and more convenient contrivance,
which may also be used for holding coins, jewels, photographs and other articles.
The new holder consists chiefly of a ring having on one side a rim for supporting
the medal and on the other a double screw thread for attaching a movable cover.
The latter is a flat ring provided with two diametrically opposite ears, each of
which fits into a notch on the screwed face of the holder, which notch serves to
introduce the ear into the screw thread under the face. In being turned round the
cover advances against the medal placed on the bottom rim and is pressed against
it by the elasticity of the ears. The cover may be permanently connected with
the bottom part by hinging the latter to a circular plate or false cover to the
diametrically opposite side of which the cover is hinged, the cover being in this
case with a concentrically movable ring which carries the ears for securing the
cover to the screw thread. The false cover may be omitted by converting one of
the ears into a hinge which can be turned in a concentric guide under the face of
the bottom plate.
The holder may also be converted into a purse, by hinging one ear to the bottom
part and attaching to the inside of the bottom plate and cover a folded pocket of
leather or textile fabric. A further connection between the two parts is effected
by an indiarubber string, riveted to the centre of the cover, which string attachment
may altogether replace the hinge.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BACK-SIGHTS FOR FIRE-ARMS AND ORDNANCE." use
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Taylor at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th January 1882.
PETER TAYLOR of Manchester in the County of Lancaster, Calico Printer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BACK-SIGHTS FOR FIRE-ARMS AND ORDNANCE."
use.
My Invention relates to the back-sights which are usually applied to rifles and
other fire-arins and to ordnance. The sights at present in use are commonly made
adjustable to suit different ranges and the said parts require readjustment at each
change of distance and are besides subject to the disadvantage of soon becoming
loose so as to be liable to disarrangement at each discharge thus requiring constant
attention and re-adjustment. According to my Invention I dispense with the said
adjustable parts and form the sight in one piece having the different ranges marked
upon it's face, with corresponding permanently fixed sighting points, thus avoiding
the necessity of shifting the sight with each change of distance. My improved
sight consists of a thin plate or grid of metal or other suitable material made of a
convenient size and arranged to slide upon an "upright" or forked support hinged
to the barrel so that it can be folded over into a horizontal position when not in
The aforesaid plate or grid has a series of slots cut across it's breadth so as to
form a ladder-like scale of sighting apertures, a sighting notch being cut at or near
the centre of the bottom bar of each slot or aperture. Any suitable number of these
sighting apertures may be formed in the plate and each aperture is marked with
it's corresponding range. To render each sighting aperture inore readily distinguish-
able I prefer to make the ground of the plate black and the figures white; or any
other colors or contrasts of colors may be used to facilitate the distinguishing of the
respective apertures. When using a fire arm fitted with my Invention, the hinged
upright and plate are raised into a vertical position thus presenting the various
ranges in a permanent form to the eye of the marksman who in presenting his
piece has only to bring the fore-sight in a line with the sighting notch in the
aperture corresponding to the range at which he stands. To allow for wind blowing
towards or from the object aimed at, the plate may if desired be slightly raised or
lowered upon the upright which may be marked with a scale to provide a certain

page_text: means of adjustment. To prevent the plato from slipping off the upright when in
a horizontal position or during transport of the weapon, I provide stops upon the
barrel which would come into contact with wings at the foot of the plate and so
prevent it from slipping forwards. My improved permanent sight is also applicable
to heavy ordnance, either in the form described or subject to minor modifications 5
corresponding to the class of gun to which it may be applied.
AN IMPROVED SAFETY GUARD FOR CHAFF OR HAY CUTTING MACHINES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Rigby at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th August 1882.
EDWARD RIGBY, the Younger, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster
"AN IMPROVED SAFETY GUARD FOR CHAFF OR HAY CUTTING MACHINES"
My Invention relates to providing a safety guard for what are known as chaff
cutters, and has for its object the prevention of accident to the person feeding
the machine through carelessnes in such feeding.
My Invention consists in providing that part of the feeding box, or trough
nearest to the machine with a guard, which consists of a rod or bar, bent at right
angles to extend over the top of the box, or trough and hinged, or pivotted to the
sides of the box, or trough, so that such bar can rock over the box, or trough. The
bent bar is sufficiently high to allow the material being fed to the machine to pass
under the bar. From one side of the bar to the reversing lever of the machine I
provide a connecting rod, so that upon any force being applied to the bar, the bar,
through such connecting rod operates the reversing lever. Thus in feeding the
machine, should the hands of the person feeding pass under the bar, his arms will
come in contact with the bar and reverse the machine before an accident can take
place The bar also preventing the hands of the feeder from coming sufficiently
near to the machine for accident to take place.
ROVEMENT
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th October 1882. A communication
to him from abroad by Henri Vassart, of Roubaix France..
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex,
LOOMS" a communication to me from abroad by Henri Vassart of Roubaix, France.
This invention relates to improvements in weaver's looms.
It consists:
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
1. In a new system of suspending and drawing the leaves combined with a new
arrangement of the needles.
2. In a system of levers with counterweights
3. In a system of arms opening like a pair of compasses for the purpose of an
easier opening of the sheets.
The leaves are suspended vertically by their two extremities and drawn vertically
from both sides.
The needles occupy the whole width of the loom and are each perforated to
allow to set the warp for different widths. In the looms with mechanical
beaming the lower part may be set up with spring-shafts similar as in other
power looms.
Another improvement which may be applied to existing looms worked by hand
or machine power, consists in replacing the strings by a set of wires which is very
convenient and more economical owing to their durability..
In looms with beaming worked by hand the upper and lower frames are driven
by: the treadle; if the beaming is done by machine a mechanical movement lifts the
upper frame and carries along with it a piece which describes a curvilinear
alternative movement.
In the looms with mechanical beaming the balance levers with counter-weights
are omitted.
The compass-lever allows to give the sheets the required opening and to vary
this opening according to different kinds of work.
For setting or mounting the loom it is sufficient to pass through the holes of
the needles, hooks to the lower ends of which are attached strings carrying the
leaves.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN TRAM CARS AND OMNIBUSES, ALSO APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Picton Evans at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th September 1882.
CHARLES PICTON EVANS of Birmingham in the County of Warwick. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TRAM CARS AND OMNIBUSES, ALSO APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS OTHER
VEHICLES
"
This Invention consists of a new arrangement of covering or shelter over the
outside seats of Tram Cars or Omnibuses or over any open vehicles, which covering
or shelter is capable of being folded back out of use or entirely removed from the
vehicle when not required. It consists of a Panel or series of Panels of wood metal
or other suitable material carried above the heads of the occupants of the seats
by means of metal or wooden uprights made to fit in sockets or other suitable.
attachments upon the seats of the vehicle. To the front or outer edge of this
panel or row of panels is attached another panel or panels covering the gangway
in front of the seats and hinged so as to fold back upon the first named panel or
panels when out of use. And again, to the front edge of this second panel or row
of panels is attached a third panel or row of panels hanging down in front of the
occupants of the seats and made to fold back against the second panel or row of
panels when out of use, and in order to stiffen the whole covering or shelter
this third panel or set of panels may be attached to rods standing up from the
rail in front of the seats.
Some or all of these panels may be glazed if desired.
In applying this improved shelter to open vehicles the panels are arranged
similarly to the above description, with the uprights arranged to suit each form of
vehicle.
By the arrangement thus described a shelter from rain may be readily adjusted
upon vehicles otherwise exposed to the weather.
STENINGS OF TIES AND SCARVES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Lenn at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th September 1882.
HENRY LENN, of Strawberry Hill, in the County of Middlesex
IN THE FASTENINGS OF TIES AND SCARVES "
"IMPROVEMENTS
The objects of my invention are to prevent ties or scarves from rising above the
band of the collar, and keeping them from moving from the position in which they
ought to remain, either to left or right. To effect this I construct of metal or other
find it
suitable material, a small plate, in the top end of which is cut a slot.
most convenient to make this slot of V shape, but it may be made square or of any
other shape. This small piece of metal can be attached to any ordinary tie by two
amall projections or flanges which project from the lower part of each side, and
which are inserted into two slits in the inside of the tie (easily made by a penknife
or a pair of scissors) and are then bent over, thus keeping my fastener in position.
When the scarf is fastened round the neck in the usual way, the slot is slipped
under the head of the collar-stud or button, thus holding the scarf immovable in
front. The band of the tie as now made is also apt to "ride" up on the collar at
the back and various plans have been tried to obviate this, among others a hook or
bent pin sewed on to the back of the scarf to slip under the collar, which answers
very well in keeping the scarf down, but does not prevent it slipping from side to
side. Hence the common method adopted is to pin with a common pin the band
of the tie to the collar, or collar and shirt band. By my invention this will be no
longer necessary, as the tie cannot move from side to side, and a common hook
sewed to the tie keeps it in position.
My invention can also be adapted to the fasteners at present used themselves,
when they are being manufactured, as it is only necessary to make the plate
forming the end of the pin or other fastener, which is now sewed into the back of
the tic, a little larger at the top side before stamping out, when my slot can be cut
out of the piece of metal at the same operation; and in making up the tie, the
projection containing the slot is allowed to appear through the top of the back of
the tie, so as to be on a level with the shirt-stud or button