Improvements in Electrical Motive Power Apparatus.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 1st July, 1899
Complete Specification Left. 2nd Apr., 1900-Accepted, 30th June, 1900
Date of Application, 1st July, 1899
Complete Specification Left, 2nd Apr., 1900-Accepted, 30th June, 1900
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Electrical Motive Power Apparatus.
I, THOMAS DRAKE HOLLICK, of "Rosebank," Brentwood, in the County of Essex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:
My present invention relates to improvements in electrical motive power
apparatus, which may be used for driving almost any kind of machinery. For
instance, electro-motors made according to my invention may be advantageously
used for driving cranes or hoisting gear, the motor being capable of being stopped,
started, reversed, or its speed varied, very simply, effectively, and economically.
In a similar way it may be applied for the purpose of traction, by actuating,
starting, stopping, and regulating the speed of carriages and vehicles of all kinds.
And obviously it may be applied to a great number of purposes in which
machinery or apparatus of different kinds has to be set in movement, and more
particularly where it is required that such machinery or apparatus shall be very
quickly and readily started, stopped, reversed, or its speed varied more or less
as may be required. The details of the improved electromotor and of the parts
connected with it will of course be varied more or less according to the particular
purpose to which it is to be applied, and the circumstances in which it is to be
used.
In such apparatus it is important that the electromotor used, and its dependent
appliances, should be as simple and effective as possible, whilst not liable to
get out of order, and my present invention has for its object more especially
novel methods of constructing, arranging, and operating the parts of the electro-
motor, and the parts connected with it.
Supposing, by way of example, that my invention is to be applied to cranes or
hoisting gear to be driven by the electromotor, in which the mechanism by which
a required load is raised, lowered, held, or moved into any desired position, is
driven by the motor actuated by a current of electricity brought from any
neighbouring or distant generating station or other source, switches or equivalent
devices being used by which an attendant can control the supply of electricity
to the electro-motor, and so that the different movements above referred to can
be readily, quickly, simply, and economically, brought into operation.
I use for the electro-motor a cylindrical armature of suitable kind carried in
the usual way upon a revolving shaft or spindle, and provided with suitable com-
mutators and connections for the conducting wires.
I make the field magnet which surrounds and excites this armature, itself
more or less cylindrical and capable of revolving upon an axis concentric with
that of the spindle of the armature.
In order to effect this, the field magnet is provided with ends or arms, at the
centre of which, at each end, is a hollow centre of sufficient diameter and length
the outer cylindrical part of which revolves freely but accurately in suitable
bearings firmly bolted to, or formed upon, the bed frame of the machine. The
spindle which carries the armature passes through the hollow bearings described
in which it turns freely but perfectly accurately, a lining of anti-friction metal

page_text: or other suitable material being preferably interposed between them. The
spindle which carries the armature, after passing through the hollow bearings
of the field-magnet as described, is prolonged at one end, for a sufficient distance
to receive the gear hereinafter described, and is then fitted carefully in a bearing
in which it revolves freely and accurately, this bearing being also bolted to or
formed upon the frame of the machine.
The armature spindle also extends for a short distance beyond this bearing.
Upon the end of the hollow bearing or axis of the field magnet, which projects
at this end sufficiently through the bearing in which it turns, is firmly fixed a
bevilled toothed wheel, and upon the spindle of the armature is firmly fixed
another bevilled toothed wheel, adjoining the inner end of the outer bearing of
the spindle already described.
The two bevilled toothed wheels are opposite to each other, and preferably of
the same size, but at a sufficient distance apart to receive and gear with one or
more (preferably two) corresponding bevilled toothed wheels which gear both
with those upon the hollow field-magnet bearing, and upon the armature spindle
respectively, and turn freely upon strong studs fixed (at right angles to the
spindle) on the periphery of a frame or hollow cylindrical case which surrounds
all the bevilled toothed wheels, and the ends of which case are provided with
hollow bearings which turn freely but accurately upon the cylindrical ends of the
fixed bearings of the hollow centre of the field magnet and of the armature spindle
respectively.
At the other end of the machine the armature spindle may simply revolve in
the hollow bearing of the field magnet, preferably with the intervention of an
antifriction lining, or it may be extended beyond the latter and revolve. in an
additional bearing bolted upon or forming part of the bed or frame of the
machine.
In this state, it is evident that if the field magnet and the armature are caused
in any way to revolve at the same speed but in opposite directions, the cylindrical
case which contains the toothed wheels will remain stationary and will not revolve
in either direction.
Again, if the field magnet is prevented from revolving the hollow case will
revolve in the same direction as the armature spindle, but at half the speed.
Or if the armature be prevented from revolving, the hollow case will revolve
in the same direction as the field magnet (that is to say, in the opposite direction
to that just described) but at half the speed of the field magnet.
Now, if when both the field magnet and the armature are perfectly free to
revolve an electric current is supplied to them in the usual way, they will revolve,
both at the same speed but in opposite directions (the respective directions being
dependent upon the direction of the current supplied), whilst if either be entirely
prevented from revolving, the other will revolve at twice the speed. Supposing,
when both are revolving freely, the number of revolutions which each takes is
400, then if either be stopped the other will increase its speed to 800 revolutions
practically, and if either be only partially stopped, by means of a brake or
equivalent device, the speed of the other will be proportionally increased.
I use the external periphery of the hollow case described, which contains the
bevilled toothed wheels, as a pulley to carry a belt by which the power obtained
can be transmitted to the crane, or a toothed wheel may be formed upon or fixed
to it for the same purpose, or other equivalent well-known means may be used,
or it may form the hoisting-barrel of the crane.
It will be seen, therefore, that by the arrangement of apparatus described, a
belt (for example) can be driven from the periphery of the hollow cylindrical
case described, and by very simple means this belt can be driven in either direc-
tion at any speed up to 400 revolutions per minute, or at any less speed, (assuming
the normal speed of the field magnet and of the armature spindle when both are
running free in opposite directions to be 400 revolutions per minute).
The apparatus may be varied to almost any extent in its details. For instance,

page_text: 5
and by way of illustration only, instead of bevilled toothed wheels, spur wheels
and pinions may be used, in such a manner as the following:
Upon the end of the hollow bearing of the field magnet a toothed pinion is
fixed, and upon the end of the armature spindle which passes through it, a
similar toothed spur wheel is fixed. The shaft which is to be driven revolves.
in bearings in a line with those in which the armature spindle revolves, its end
coming close to the end of the armature spindle which carries the toothed wheel
as described.
Turning freely upon the armature spindle inside the toothed pinion is arranged
a boss carrying a disc the outer edge of which is flanged outward and provided
with teeth inside so as to form an internal toothed wheel, whilst on the back of
the disc is formed or fixed a spur wheel. The shaft to be driven has fixed upon
its end a strong disc or plate carrying one or more strong pins or studs (preferably
two) upon which revolve freely toothed pinions which gear on their inner side
with the toothed pinion upon the end of the armature spindle, and upon the
outer side with the internal toothed wheel described. Finally, a shaft or spindle
is provided turning in fixed bearings parallel with the armature spindle, and
having at one end a toothed wheel gearing with the spur pinion upon the hollow
bearing of the field magnet, and at the other end a toothed pinion gearing with
the spur wheel at the back of the disc which turns freely upon or concentric with
the armature spindle, as already described.
The revolving field magnet, and the armature spindle, respectively, may be
stopped or retarded when and as desired, in the manner and for the purposes
described, by the use of brakes of any of the ordinary well-known kinds, upon
the revolving bearing or the spindle, or in some cases I may use electrical brakes,
for instance by using an external fixed electromagnet surrounding the revolving
field magnet, and caused to act upon the latter by induction when required.
"Resistances" of the well-known kinds, devices for cutting out more or less
of the field magnet coils, and other appliances of a similar kind, may be used,
such for instance as devices for varying the course and character of the current
or currents of electricity used, in combination with the improved apparatus
described.
By
In another modified form of arrangement of motors constructed according to
my invention, I use two separate armature spindles and armatures, one upon each
side of the gear described, the armatures being provided with separate field
magnets. In this case, if the armatures are made to revolve in opposite directions
at equal speeds, their spindles being connected with toothed gear of the kind
above described, the hollow case and pulley or toothed wheel from which the
power is utilized as above described, will not revolve in either direction.
retarding or stopping one or other of the armatures, the hollow case will be driven
in either direction, and at the required speed as in the arrangement first described.
In this form of arrangement the retardation of either armature can readily be
effected by means of resistances or equivalent devices inserted in the circuit of
the field magnet coils, or of the armature coils, in the usual well-known ways.
It is evident that the principle of my invention may be similarly utilized by
ether modified forms of construction, of analogous kind.
EDWARDS & Oo.,
Chartered Patent Agents,
65 and 66, Chancery Lane, London,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: "
Improvements in Electrical Motive Power Apparatus.
I, THOMAS DRAKE HOLLICK, of "Mount Nessing," near Brentwood, (late of
Rosebank," Brentwood), in the County of Essex, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement, and
accompanying drawings, that is to say:.
-
My present invention relates to improvements in electrical motive power
apparatus, which may be used for driving almost any kind of machinery. For
instance, electro-motors made according to my invention may be advantageously
used for driving cranes or hoisting gear, the motor being capable of being stopped,
started, reversed, or its speed varied, very simply, effectively, and economically.
In a similar way it may be applied for the purpose of traction, by actuating,
starting, stopping, and regulating the speed of carriages and vehicles of all kinds.
And obviously it may be applied to a great number of purposes in which
machinery or apparatus of different kinds has to be set in movement, and more
particularly where it is required that such machinery or apparatus shall be very
quickly and readily started, stopped, reversed, or its speed varied more or less
as may be required. The details of the improved electromotor and of the parts
connected with it will of course be varied more or less according to the particular
purpose to which it is to be applied, and the circumstances in which it is to be
used.
In such apparatus it is important that the electromotor used, and its dependent
appliances, should be as simple and effective as possible, whilst not liable to
get out of order, and my present invention has for its object more especially
novel methods of constructing, arranging, and operating the parts of the electro-
motor, and the parts connected with it.
Supposing, by way of example, as shown in Figure 1 of the accompanying
drawings, which are in illustration of my invention, that my invention is to be
applied to cranes or hoisting gear to be driven by the electro-motor, in which
the mechanism by which a required load is raised lowered, held, or moved into
any desired position, is driven by the motor actuated by a current of electricity
brought from any neighbouring or distant generating station or other source,
switches or equivalent devices being used by which an attendant can control the
supply of electricity to the electro-motor, and so that the different movements
above referred to can be readily, quickly, simply, and economically, brought into
operation, I use for the electro-motor a cylindrical armature of suitable kind
carried in the usual way upon a revolving shaft or spindle b, and provided with
suitable commutators and connections for the conducting wires, (which are of
any of the ordinary kinds, and which it has not been necessary to show in the
drawings).
I make the field magnet e which surrounds and excites this armature a, itself
more or less cylindrical and capable of revolving upon an axis concentric with
that of the spindle of the armature.
In order to effect this, the field magnet is provided with ends or arms d, d',
at the centre of which, at each end, is a hollow centre e, e', of sufficient diameter
and length, the outer cylindrical part of which revolves freely but accurately in
suitable bearings f, f, firmly bolted to, or formed upon, the bed or frame of
the machine. The spindle which carries the armature passes through the

page_text: ollow bearings or centres c, el described, in which it turns freely but perfectly
ccurately, a lining of anti-friction metal or other suitable material being
referably interposed between them. The spindle b which carries the armature,
fter passing through the hollow bearing e, of the field magnet c as described, is
prolonged at one end for a sufficient distance to receive the gear hereinafter
lescribed, and is then fitted carefully in a bearing i in which it revolves freely
ut accurately, this bearing being also bolted to or formed upon the frame of
the machine.
The armature spindle also extends for a short distance beyond this bearing i.
Upon the end of the hollow bearing or axis c of the field magnet c, which pro-
ects at this end sufficiently through the bearing f in which it turns, is firmly
fixed a bevilled toothed wheel j, and upon the spindle b of the armature is firmly
fixed another bevilled toothed wheel k, adjoining or near the inner end of the
outer bearing i of the spindle already described.
The two bevilled toothed wheels and are opposite to each other, but at a
sufficient distance apart to receive and gear with one or more (preferably two)
corresponding bevilled toothed wheels and m, which gear both with those jand
k upon the hollow field magnet bearing and upon the armature spindle respectively
and turn freely upon strong studs n, o, fixed (at right angles to the spindle b) on
the periphery of a frame or hollow cylindrical case which surrounds all the
bevilled toothed wheels, and the ends of which case are provided with hollow
bearings at rands which turn freely but accurately upon the cylindrical ends
of the fixed bearings of the hollow centre of the field magnet and of the armature
spindle respectively, or upon the bearing e of the field magnet and upon the
spindle b, as shown in the drawing.
At the other end of the machine the armature spindle may simply revolve in
the hollow bearing e¹ of the field magnet c which turns in the fixed bearing fɩ,
preferably with the intervention of an antifriction lining t, or it may extend
beyond the latter bearing, and revolve in an additional bearing bolted upon or
forming part of the bed or frame of the machine.
In this state, it is evident that if the field magnet c and the armature a are
caused in any way to revolve at the same speed but in opposite directions, the
cylindrical case which contains the toothed wheels j, k, l, and m will remain
stationary and will not revolve in either direction.
Again, if the field magnet c is prevented from revolving, (by a brake or other
suitable means acting upon a drum at v), the hollow case will revolve in the
same direction as the armature spindle b, but at half the speed.
Or if the armature a be prevented from revolving (by a similar brake or equi-
valent device acting upon a drum at ), the hollow case will revolve in the
same direction as the field magnet c (that is to say, in the opposite direction to
that just described) but at half the speed of the field magnet.
Now, if when both the field magnet and the armature a are perfectly free to
revolve an electric current is supplied to them in the usual way, they will revolve,
both at the same speed but in opposite directions (the respective directions being
5 dependent upon the direction of the current supplied), whilst if either be entirely
prevented from revolving, the other will revolve at twice the speed. Supposing,
when both are revolving freely, the number of revolutions which each takes is
400, then if either be stopped the other will increase its speed to 800 revolutions
practically, and if either be only partially stopped, by means of a brake or
50 equivalent device, as shown at and w, the speed of the other will be only pro-
portionally increased.
I use the external periphery of the hollow case described, which contains the
bevilled toothed wheels, as a pulley to carry a belt by which the power obtained
can be transmitted to the crane, or a toothed wheel may be formed upon or fixed
55 to it for the same purpose, or other equivalent well-known means may be used,
.or it may itself form the hoisting-barrel of the crane.

page_text: It will be seen, therefore, that by the arrangement of apparatus described, a
belt (for example) can be driven from the periphery of the hollow cylindrical
case p described, and by very simple means this belt can be driven in either
direction at any speed up to 400 revolutions per minute, or at any less speed,
(assuming the normal speed of the field magnet c and of the armature spindle
when both are running free in opposite directions to be 400 revolutions per
minute).
The apparatus may be varied to almost any extent in its details. For instance,
and by way of illustration only, instead of bevilled toothed wheels, spur wheels
and pinions may be used, in such a manner as the following, as illustrated in
Figure 2:-
Upon the end of the hollow bearing e of the field magnet c (one end of which
is shown broken off) a toothed pinion is fixed, and upon the end of the armature
spindle which passes through it, a similar toothed spur wheel y is fixed. The
shaft which is to be driven, revolves in bearings in a line with those in which
the armature spindle revolves, its end coming close to the end of the armature
spindle which carries the toothed wheel y as described.
Turning freely upon the armature spindle inside the toothed pinion y is
arranged a boss carrying a disc A the outer edge of which is flanged outward
and provided with teeth inside so as to form an internal toothed wheel, whilst
on the back of the disc is formed or fixed a spur wheel B. The shaft z which
is to be driven, has fixed upon its end a strong disc or plate C carrying one or
more strong pins or studs D, 1), (preferably two) upon which revolve freely
toothed pinions E, E, which gear on their inner side with the toothed pinion y
upon the end of the armature spindle b, and upon their outer side with the in-
ternal toothed wheel A described. Finally, a shaft or spindle F is provided turn-
ing in fixed bearings G, G¹, parallel with the armature spindle b, and having
fixed upon it a toothed wheel H gearing with the spur pinion upon the hollow
bearing of the field magnet, and a toothed pinion I gearing with the spur
wheel B at the back of the disc A which turns freely upon or concentric with the
armature spindle, as already described.
The revolving field magnet c, and the armature spindle b, respectively, may be
stopped or retarded when and as desired, in the manner and for the purposes
described, by the use of brakes r, wc, of any of the ordinary well-known kinds,
upon the revolving bearing or the spindle, or in some cases I may use electrical
brakes, for instance by using an external fixed electro-magnet surrounding the
revolving field magnet, and caused to act upon the latter by induction when
required.
A simplified form of the arrangement just described, and illustrated in Figure 2,
is shown by way of example, in Figure 3, in which the internal toothed wheel A
is fixed directly upon the hollow bearing e of the field magnet a (shown broken
cff), the toothed pinion y being fixed upon the end of the armature spindle b.
The shaft which is to be driven, the disc C, studs 1), D, pinion E, E, and brakes
are similar to those described in the arrangement shown in Figure 2.
both the last described methods of construction the relative speeds of the shaft z
may be varied by varying the proportions of the different toothed wheels.
In
"Resistances" of the well-known kinds, devices for cutting out more or less
of the field magnet coils, and other appliances of a similar kind, may be used,
such for instance as devices for varying the course and character of the current
or currents of electricity used, in combination with the improved apparatus
described.
In another modified form of arrangement of motors constructed according to
my invention, I use two separate armature spindles and armatures, one upon
each side of the gear described, and shown in Figure 1, the armatures being pro-
vided with separate field magnets. In this case, if the armatures are made to
revolve in opposite directions at equal speeds, their spindles being connected

page_text: with the toothed bevilled wheels j and respectively (Figure 1), the hollow
case 2 and pulley or toothed wheel from which the power is utilized as above.
described, will not revolve in either direction. By retarding or stopping one
or other of the armatures, the hollow case will be driven in either direction,
and at the required speed as in the arrangement first described, and illustrated
in Figure 1.
In this form of arrangement the retardation of either armature can readily be
effected by means of resistances or equivalent devices inserted in the circuit of
the field magnet coils, or of the armature coils, in the usual well-known ways.
I do not confine myself to the precise details of construction and arrangement
described and illustrated, as it is evident that the principle of my invention may
be similarly utilized by other modified forms of construction, of analogous kind.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said in-
vention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is-
1. In electro-motors, an armature upon a spindle revolving in bearings, a
field magnet or magnets revolving freely upon the said spindle or upon bearings
concentric with it, and toothed wheels fixed or formed upon the armature spindle
and the field magnet respectively, and geared together by toothed wheels in a
concentric revolving frame carrying the pulley, wheel, or shaft, which is to be
driven by the motor, in such manner that when the armature and the field magnet
are revolving in opposite directions the said pulley, wheel, or shaft, does not revolve
in either direction, and when the armature is prevented from revolving or is
retarded, the pulley, wheel, or shaft, is caused to revolve in one direction, whilst
when the field magnet is prevented from revolving or is retarded, the pulley,
wheel or shaft is caused to revolve in the opposite direction, commutators or
equivalent devices of the ordinary kinds being provided for supplying electrical
current to the armature and field magnet coils, and brakes or equivalent retarding
devices being arranged by which the revolution of either the armature or the
field magnet can be prevented or retarded, as desired, substantially as described.
2.- In electro-motors, such as described and claimed in Claim 1,. the combina-
tion of an armature a, armature spindle b, revolving field magnet c, having hollow
bearings e, el, supports f, f¹, bevilled toothed wheel upon the hollow axis e of
the field magnet c, bevilled toothed wheel & upon the armature spindle b, bevilled
5 toothed wheels 7, m, gearing with the wheels j and k, and turning upon centres
in the hollow revolving frame or drum, brakes or equivalent retarding devices
, and means for supplying electrical-current to the coils of the armature and
the field magnet, substantially as described and illustrated in Figure 1 of the
accompanying drawings.
0
3. In electro-motors, such as described and claimed in Claim 1, the combination
of an armature a, armature spindle b revolving field magnet e having hollow bear-
ing e revolving in support f. shaft z to be driven, toothed wheel upon the
armature spindle, gearing with the toothed wheel H upon the independent
shaft F, toothed wheel I upon the shaft F, gearing with the toothed wheel B
15 fixed to or forming part of the internal toothed wheel A and turning freely upon
the armature spindle b, toothed pinion y upon the spindle b, gearing with toothed
pinions E, E, turning upon studs D, D, carried by the disc C, and gearing with
internal toothed wheel A, and the toothed pinion y respectively, and brakes or
equivalent retarding devices v and w, and means for supplying electrical current
50 to the coils of the armature and the field magnet, substantially as described, and
illustrated in Figure 2 of the accompanying drawings.
4. The electro-motors consisting of two separate armature spindles and arma-
tures in line with each other, and connected with each other by the gear formed
of a frame or drum containing bevilled toothed wheels as described and claimed
55 in Claim 2, and illustrated in Figure 1, in combination with separate field magnets,

page_text: and with brakes or equivalent retarding apparatus by which the revolutions of
one or other of the armatures can be stopped or retarded as desired, and with
means for supplying electrical current to the coils of the armatures and the field
magnets, substantially as and for the purpose described.
ו.
1000
EDWARDS & Co.,
Chartered Patent Agents,
65 and 66, Chancery Lane, London,
Agents for the Applicant.