IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR WARMING AND VENTILATING ROOMS AND BUILDINGS
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Batty, of 196, Marylebone Road, County of
Middlesex, Atmospheric Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR WARMING AND VENTILATING ROOMS AND
BUILDINGS."
Sealed the 23rd November 1861, and dated the 24th May 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Batty at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
May 1861.
I, CHARLES BATTY, of 196, Marylebone Road, County of Middlesex,
Atmospheric Engineer, do hereby declare the nature. of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR WARMING AND VENTI-
LATING ROOMS AND BUILDINGS," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist, firstly, in bringing the external atmosphere direct
to the fire grate that it may be supplied with pure air, and without the
assistance of the air in the room in which the fire grate is placed. The air is
introduced into a chamber beneath the grate, where it is divided into several
currents by flat bars or current directors, part of these currents of air aro
directed underneath the grate to supply the fire below, and part are directed
to the front thereof, which compress the smoke to the fire, and cause the same
to be burnt.
As the air which is supplied to the fire is independent of that
existing in the room there is no draught, as the air at or near the floor of the
room is not used for the supply of the fire.

page_text: Secondly, the bars of the grate are made much broader than usual, and are
placed in an oblique direction, and serve to direct the air to the fire, and thus
consume the gases generated by the same.
Thirdly, part of the air supplied from the external atmosphere as before
described, is directed to a chamber constructed round the grate where it is
heated. The air thus heated is admitted and directed by suitable apertures or
valves into the room to warm the same, and causes a true circulation, that all
the bad or vitiated air may be carried thence into the chimney by an escape
or vent valve placed at or near the ceiling of the room. To prevent the air
being burnt in the heating chamber, the grate is made of iron cased with
Stourbridge clay or tiles. The grate may be heated by gas or coal, and the
same effect will be produced.
Fourthly, the heated chamber may be made to communicate with the other
rooms in a building, and supply them with pure warm air, the surplus and
vitiated atmosphere being carried off in the same manner, that is to say, into
the chimney.
Fifthly, the arrangement for the admission of pure air to the rooms and to
the fire, serves effectually to prevent smoky chimneys, as it insures an upward
current.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Batty in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 23rd
November 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
BATTY, of 196, Marylebone Road, County of Middlesex, Atmospheric Engi-
neer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the twenty-fourth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Charles Batty, Her special licence that I, the said Charles Batty, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles
Batty, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF

page_text: AND APPARATUS FOR WARMING AND VENTILATING ROOMS AND BUILDINGS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Charles Batty, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Batty, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment:-
These improvements consist, firstly, in bringing the external atmosphere
direct to the fire grate, that the fire' may be supplied with pure air, and with-
out the assistance of the air in the room in which the fire is placed. The air
is introduced into a chamber beneath the grate, where it is divided into several
currents by flat bars or current directors, part of the air being conducted
underneath the grate, and enters the fire at the bottom, and part is directed to
the front of the fire to compress the smoke to the fire, and cause it to be burnt.
As the air which is supplied to the fire is independent of that existing in the
room there is no draught, as the air at or near the floor of the room is not
used for the supply of the fire.
Secondly,, the bars of the grate are made much broader than usual, and are
placed in an oblique direction, and serve to direct the air to the fire, and thus
consume the gases generated by the same.
Thirdly, part of the air supplied from the external atmosphere as before
described is directed to a chamber constructed round the grate where it is
heated. The air thus heated is admitted and directed by suitable apertures or
valves into the room to warm the same, and causes a true circulation, thus,
all the bad or vitiated air may be conducted into the chimney by an escape
or vent valve placed at or near the ceiling of the room. To prevent the air
being burnt in the heating chamber, the grate is made of iron, cased with
Stourbridge clay or tiles. The grate may be heated by gas or coal, and the
same effect obtained.
Fourthly, the heated chamber may be made to communicate with the other
rooms in a building, and supply them with pure warm air, the surplus and
vitiated atmosphere being conducted into the chimney.
Fifthly, the arrangement for the admission of pure air to the rooms, and to
the fire, serves effectually to prevent smoky chimneys, as it insures an upward
current.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS..
Sheet I., Fig. 1 represents a sectional elevation of the fire grate; Fig. 2
in the same Sheet represents a sectional plan below the fire grate shewing
the means employed for dividing the air into currents directed in different
directions; Fig. 3 in the same Sheet represents a sectional plan through the
line X, Y, in Fig. 1.
Sheet 2, Fig. 1 represents the interior of a room or apartment with this
Invention applied, and Fig. 2 a sectional elevation of the same shewing the
mode of heating the upper rooms and the general action of the improved
grate. In each of the above-named Figures and Sheets the same letters of
reference indicate like parts.
The fresh air is brought from the exterior of the building by tubes A, A,
and conducted to the current divider where it is distributed into the currents
B, B, and C; one current B passing into the chamber D where it is heated,
another C beneath the fire, also at the front and another B₁ to the top of
the grate to be admitted into the apartment cold, so that the degree of heat
can be modified and adjusted according to desire. The current C passing to
the front of the grate inside the fender II, as shewn by the arrows strikes
the flat inclined bars F, and the air is directed downwards into the fire,
thus compressing the smoke and promoting combustion, and also consuming
the whole of the gases generated by the coals. The current B' which passes
into the heating chamber D is directed thence to a valve at the front, as at
G, into the room or apartment, the valve being for the purpose of regulating
the amount of hot air to be admitted into the same. In order that the air
in the apartment may always be pure and fresh it is necessary to keep a con-
tinual supply of fresh warm air circulating through the room and to carry off
all the bad or vitiated air; this is effected in the following manner :-Referring
to Sheet 2, it has been berein-before explained that the air in the heating
chamber D (see Fig. 3, Sheet 1) is conducted to a valve G at the top of
the grate, this valve directs the current across the room, thus diffusing the
heat throughout, as shown by the arrows in Sheet 2, and is thence carried
off into the chimney through a flap valve N placed at or near the ceiling;
this arrangement causes a current of pure warm air to pass through the
entire extent of the room, and as the air for the supply of the fire and other

page_text: purposes is conducted and supplied through the tubes A from the exterior of
the building, it follows that a true ventilation exists in the room without
any aid from doors or windows and the disagreable draught from the same
which are so detrimental to health are consequently avoided. The same
fire can be made to warm one or more rooms above or on the same level
by simply constructing a tube K inside the smoke flue and communicating
to the room required to be heated. A mode of warming an upper room
in this manner is shewn in Sheet 2, Fig. 2, K being the tube conducting the
warm air.
This Invention is also available when there is no fire in the grate for the
purpose of ventilating, as the tubes conveying the air from the exterior of
the building are in no way connected with the flue carrying off the smoke,
consequently cold air can be supplied to the room in the summer months.
The dotted lines in Fig. 3, Sheet 1, marked P, shew a mode of constructing
the grate in order that the rays of heat from the fire may extend in every
direction into the room.
Having now described and ascertained the nature of the Invention, and the
manner of carrying the same into practical effect, I would have it understood
that I do not bind myself to the precise details as herein-before described
and shewn, as the same may be varied without departing from my Invention ;
but what I claim and desire to have secured to me, is,―
Istly, conducting the external air to the interior of a building, previously
distributing or dividing it into various currents for the purposes as herein-
before described.
2ndly, the combination and general arrangement of parts of a fire grate,
constructed substantially as herein-before described.
3rdly, the general arrangement for ventilating and warming rooms or
apartments, substantially in the manner as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Batty, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
Witness,
WILLIAM HARRIS.
(L.s.) CHARLES BATTY.