IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRAWING AND SPINNING HEMP, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Vincent Newton, of the Office for Patents, 66,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRAWING AND SPINNING
HEMP, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES." A communication from
abroad by John Good, of Brooklyn, in the State of New York, United States
of America.
Sealed the 13th November 1877, and dated the 17th July 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Vincent Newton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th July 1877.
ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in
the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR DRAWING AND SPINNING HEMP, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
[A communication from abroad by John Good, of Brooklyn, in the State of New
York, United States of America.]
This Invention relates to machinery for drawing and spinning various substances,
but more especially to jennies for spinning ropeyarn.
The Invention consists in the arrangement above the flyer or flyers of the
machine, of the endless chain or chains of gill pins from which the slivers are
drawn to the flyer or flyers, whereby great compactness is obtained for the machine
by the reduction of its length, and shop space is greatly economized.
It also consists in a main framing for such machines of novel construction. This
framing is composed of opposite end head pieces or standards united by webs,and
provided with bearings for the flyers and certain of the countershafts which drive
the flyers and other parts to work in, whereby the flyers are brought to the
exterior of the said framing and are more readily accessible than when bound in or
encased by the framing, and a steadier and stiffer framing is obtained which is more
easily fitted up than the framing heretofore provided for such machines,
The Invention likewise consists in the combination with an endless chain of gill
pins arranged to bend or turn downwards at its delivery end to conduct the slivers

page_text: to the spinning device arranged below said chain, of a reel at such bent or turning
part of the chain, constructed with toothed heads, for the purpose of driving the
chain and longitudinal rollers or bars connecting said heads, and serving to support
the slivers which pass in a bent line or course over it, whereby the slivers are
supported where they curve downwards from their straight line or course through or
between and with the gill pins, and are restrained from bedding themselves on the
bars which carry the said pins.
It also consists in the combination of a stationary conductor, which likewise
operates as a condenser, with a yielding throat piece and controlling plug arranged
below said conductor for regulating the size of the yarn, and mechanism combined
with said yielding throat piece and its plug for controlling the delivery of the
slivers by the endless chain of gill pins to the conductor, which latter in being
stationary allows of a free or straight run of the slivers through it to the yielding
throat piece and plug below.
The Invention likewise consists in a novel combination of fast and loose pulleys,
differential gears, a slip ratchet between said gears, and a belt shifter actuated by
the swinging or yielding condensing device or throat piece and its plug which
regulates the size of the yarn, whereby the speed of the endless chain of gill pins
which conducts the slivers to the spinning devices is automatically regulated in
a very simple and perfect manner to ensure uniformity in the size of the yarn.
Furthermore, the Invention consists in a combination with the flyer and bobbin
pulleys, of differential pulleys for driving said flyer and for controlling the motion
of the bobbin and friction plates cr surfaces interposed between said differential
pulley's to regulate the tension on the yarn as it is taken up by the bobbin.
It likewise consists in a combination with the friction plates or surfaces of said
tension devices of a hook or finger pivotted to one of said plates, and constructed to
operate in conjunction with certain driving studs or stops on mechanism for
arresting the motion of the machine in case of breakage of the yarn, whereby lateral
pressure on the yarn as it is spun or is being spun to arrest the machine in case of
breakage of the yarn is avoided, thereby doing away with any interference with the
twisting of the yarn, with the smooth finish of the yarn, and with the free or straight
passage of the yarn to the flyer.
The Invention also consists in a certain concentric arrangement and combination
of the flyer pulley and its sleeve, the longitudinally sliding and rotating hollow
bobbin spindle or sleeve, and a central draw rod for holding the bobbin in position
and to facilitate the withdrawal or replacement of the bobbin ; likewise in a combi-
nation with said devices and with the traversing screw which serves to reciprocate
the bobbin of the screw, box, or arms for traversing the bobbin, whereby independent
guides for said screw box or arm are dispensed with.
Furthermore, the Invention consists in a combination with the adjustable weight
which determines the tension of the yarn on the bobbin, and a screw for adjusting
said weight along the lever which carries it, of a ratchet on said screw, a pawle for
operating the ratchet, and an excentric and excentric rod for actuating said pawle,
whereby a regular smooth and positive motion is obtained for increasing leverage,
pressure, or weight and tension on the yarn as the quantity of yarn on the bobbin
increases in size or diameter.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Alfred Vincent Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 17th
January 1878.
ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY,
FOR DRAWING AND SPINNING HEMP, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
A communication from abroad by John Good, of Brooklyn, in the State of New
York, United States of America.
This Invention relates to machinery for drawing and spinning various substances,
but more especially to jennies for spinning rope yarn.
The Invention consists in the arrangement above the flyer or flyers of the machine
of the endless chain or chains of gill pins from which the slivers are drawn to the
flyer or flyers, whereby great compactness is obtained for the machine by the
reduction of its length, and shop space is greatly economized.
It also consists in a main framing for such machines of novel construction. This
framing is composed of opposite end head pieces or standards united by webs and pro-
vided with bearings for the flyers and certain of the countershafts which drive the
flyers and other parts to work in, whereby the flyers are brought to the top of the said
framing and are more readily accessible than when bound in or encased by the
framing, and a steadier and stiffer framing is obtained which is more easily fitted up
than the framing heretofore provided for such machines.
The Invention likewise consists in the combination with an endless chain of gill
pins arranged to bend or turn downwards at its delivery end to conduct the slivers
to the spinning devices arranged below said chain of a reel at such bent or turning
part of the chain constructed with toothed heads for the purpose of driving the
chain and longitudinal rollers or bars connecting said heads, and serving to support
the slivers which pass in a bent line or course over it, whereby the slivers are
supported where they curve downwards from their straight line or course through or
between and with the gill pins, and are restrained from bedding themselves on the
bars which carry the said pins.
It also consists in the combination of a stationary sliver conductor, which like-
wise operates as a condenser, with a yielding throat piece and controlling plug
arranged below said conductor for regulating the size of the yarn and mechanism
combined with said yielding throat piece and its plug for controlling the delivery of
the slivers by the endless chain of gill pins to the conductor, which latter by being
stationary allows of a free or straight run of the slivers through it to the yielding
throat piece and plug below.
The Invention likewise consists in a novel combination of fast and loose pulleys,
differential gears, a slip ratchet between said gears, and a belt shifter actuated by
the swinging or yielding condensing device or throat piece and its plug which
regulates the size of the yarn, whereby the speed of the endless chain of gill pins
which conducts the slivers to the spinning devices is automatically regulated in a
very simple and perfect manner to insure uniformity in the size of the yarn.
Furthermore, the Invention consists in a combination with the flyer and bobbin
pulleys of differential pulleys for driving said flyer and for controlling the motion
of the bobbin and friction plates or surfaces interposed between said differential
pulleys to regulate the tension on the yarn as it is taken up by the bobbin.
It likewise consists in a combination with the friction plates or surfaces of said
tension devices of a hook or finger pivotted to one of said plates, and constructed
to operate in conjunction with certain driving studs or stops on mechanism for
arresting the motion of the machine in case of breakage of the yarn, whereby the
employment of lateral pressure on that yarn as it is spun or is being spun to arrest
the machine in case of breakage of the yarn is avoided, thereby doing away with

page_text: any interference with the twisting of the yarn, with the smooth finish of the yarn
and with the free or straight passage of the yarn to the flyer.
The Invention also consists in a certain concentric arrangement and combination
of the flyer pulley and its sleeve, the longitudinally sliding and rotating hollow
bobbin spindle or sleeve, and a central draw rod for holding the bobbin in position
and to facilitate the withdrawal or replacement of the bobbin ; likewise in a combi-
nation with said devices and with the traversing screw, which serves to reciprocate
the bobbin of the screw box or arm for traversing the bobbin, whereby independent
guides for said screw box or arm are dispensed with.
Furthermore, the Invention consists in a combination with the adjustable weight
which determines the tension of the yarn on the bobbin, and a screw for adjusting
said weight along the lever which carries it, of a ratchet on said screw, a pawle for
operating the ratchet, and an excentric and excentric rod for actuating said pawle,
whereby a regular smooth and positive motion is obtained for increasing the
leverage, pressure, or weight and tension on the yarn, as the quantity of yarn on
the bobbin increases in size and diameter.
Having thus specified the object or objects and nature of the Invention, its
description will be proceeded with by reference to the accompanying Drawings :-
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of an apparatus constructed in accordance with the
Invention; Fig. 2 is a partially sectional front end view of the same; and Fig. 3, a
partially sectional rear end view thereof.
Figure 4 is a view in perspective of the central main framing used to carry the
flyers and certain countershafts.
Fig. 5 is a longitudinal vertical section of the flyer with its bobbin, showing also
mechanism for controlling the tension and for stopping the machine in case of the
yarn breaking.
Fig. 6 is a transverse section of the flyer on the line y, y, of Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 represents face views of certain pulleys, with their attachments, used in
controlling the tension and in stopping the machine when the yarn breaks; also
showing (detached) a hook which forms one of said attachments.
Fig. 8 is an edge view of said pulleys, and Fig. 9 a section upon a larger scale
on the line z, z, in Fig. 7.
Fig. 10 is a vertical transverse section in part in illustration of certain devices for
shifting the main belt by the stop mechanism, and Fig. 11 a further vertical
transverse section, in part also in illustration of the main belt shifting devices, of
the means used to adjust the weight which regulates the tension and certain gears
used in transmitting motion to the gill pins.
Fig. 12 is an outer face view of the loose pulley and a certain arm or lever used
in regulating the tension on the yarn as it is wound on the bobbin.
A is a central main framing of a jenny for spinning ropeyarn, which yarn will be
referred to as made of hemp, but flax or other fibrous material may also be spun by
the machine. This main fraining is constructed to carry duplicate flyers, that is,
one on each side of the machine, and the latter is furthermore provided with
duplicate chains of gill pins, and is otherwise constructed to spin two independent
yarns; but the jenny might be built to spin a single yarn only. It is preferred,
however, to make the machine a double one.
B, B, are the two flyers arranged on opposite sides of the central main framing A
and so that they work exterior to it, whereby said flyers and their bobbins C are
more readily accessible. To this end, and to provide for the support of two leading
countershafts D, D, by which motion is communicated to the flyers and to other
moving parts or devices, and to give increased stiffness to the machine and reduce
labour in fitting or adjusting said flyers and shafts, the fraining A is formed of a
single casting with opposite heads or end standards united by upper and lower webs
and having upper and lower bearings b, b, and c, c, on opposite sides for the flyers
B, B, and countershafts D, D. This construction is inore clearly shewn in Fig. 4.
Other portions of the framing which carry the endless chains of gill pins or pin
5

page_text: bars and other working parts are mere adjacents to this main framing A, which
forms the main support for the jenny on the floor.
E, E, are two endless chains of gill pins arranged side by side over the flyers B, B.
Each of these endless chains E travels in the direction indicated by the arrow x in
Fig. 1, and receives the hemp F on to it from the rear end of the machine, and
conveys the slivers to the front end of the machine and down to a conductor G,
which serves also as a condenser, the slivers passing thence to and through a throat
piece H fitted with an excentrically grooved controlling plug I, shewn in section at
Fig. 5a, which regulates the thickness of the yarn and burnishes or glosses the
slivers. This controlling plug, which may be set to produce any required thickness
of yarn, may be governed by springs to give it an automatic yielding action and to
admit of the passage of bunches or knots in the slivers without stopping the machine
or breaking the yarn. Said combined throat piece and plug are or may be similar
to the device described in the Specification of a Patent granted to me, and bearing
date the Ninth day of March One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, and be
carried by a lever J subject to the control of the spring d, thereby forming a yielding
support, which, as the slivers are drawn through the throat piece H, is free to be
acted upon by the draft, as against the tension of said springs, and vice versa, to
keep up a uniform supply of sliver to and through the throat piece H, any increase
or decrease in the supply producing a correspondingly increased or diminished
resistance, and causing the lever J to be shifted, and with it a belt shifter K, with
which the lever J is connected by a rod e. This belt shifter K controls a belt U
by which the endless chain E of gill pins is indirectly driven, and accordingly as
the belt U is shifted by the shifter K on to one or other of three pulleys M, N, O, is
the motion of the chain of gill pins to regulate the supply of slivers controlled,
substantially as described in my former Letters Patent herein-before referred to, but
by a simpler combination of gearing, as herein-after described.
.
Furthermore, in this Invention the conductor G has no vibrating action in concert.
with the rocking or yielding motion of the combined throat piece H and plug I, but
is stationary, so that it does not interfere with the downward passage of the slivers
at the front end of the machine as they are conveyed by the chain of gill pins from
above to the flyer below. Were the conductor G to be made to yield in common.
with the throat piece H and its plug I, it would have to do in a transverse
relation with the passage of the fibres through it, due to the arrangement of the
flyer B under the chain of gill pins E. Such endless chain E of gill pins thus
working over the flyer is extended somewhat down the front end of the machine to
pass the slivers down to the conductor G. It accordingly makes a bend over its
toothed driving heads P at the forward end of the machine, thereby causing the
slivers to have a tendency to bed themselves on the bars which carry the gill pins.
This would interfere with the uniform or free draft of the slivers and proper action
of the gill pins on them. To obviate this and to support the slivers at the bend of
their course from a straight line of travel the driving wheels or heads P on opposite
sides of the chain are connected by bars or rollers g arranged parallel with the axis of
said heads, thus converting the latter into a recl, the bars g of which are at such a
distance from its centre as that they support the slivers in such manner as to prevent
them from bedding themselves on the bars of the gill pins. This reel, formed in
part of the chain driving wheels or heads P, is driven by a band fand pulleys L, V.
The lower end of the chain in front passes under and round suitable guiding
rollers h.
Each half of the double machine, or, in other words, each one of the combined
jennies is driven by a separate main belt Q. This belt passes round one or other of
two pulleys R, S, one, (R,) of which is a driver and the other of which is a loose
runner. These, pulleys arearranged below, at the back end of the machine, and are
free to rotate around a dead spindle i, or rather the driving pulley R has its bearing
on said spindle, and the loose runner S its bearing on a sleeve of the pulley R.
Fast to the driving pulley R is a bevil wheel which gears with a pinion l'on elther

page_text: countershaft D. Each shaft D has on it a bevil pinion m, which gives motion to a
wheel n fast on a pulley T that turns on a fixed stud. This pully communicates
motion by the band U to one or other of the three pulleys M, N, O, accordingly as
the belt shifter K is adjusted by the lever J of the swinging or yielding throat
piece H and its controlling plug I.
The mechanism for varying the speed of either endless chain of gill pins, or for
stopping it to counteract any irregularity in the supply of the sliver to the flyer
and to insure the twisting of an even yarn, is constructed substantially as follows:-
The belt or band U, which is controlled by the shifter K, as herein-before described,
is thrown on to one or other of the pulleys M, N, and O, accordingly as the feed of
the slivers by the endless chain of gill pins is to be increased, or diminished, or to be
stopped. To this end the pulley M is fast on a live spindle q, which carries a pinion
r that gears with a spur wheels on the spindle t of the pulley V. The pulley N
is fast on a sleeve u, which is fitted to turn on the spindle q, and which carries a
pinion that gears with a spur wheel w arranged face to face with the wheels on
the spindle t. This wheel w is of a larger diameter than the wheel 8, and is loose
on the spindle t, while the wheels is fast thereon. The larger wheel w has a
ratchet a on its inner face, with which a spring pawle b' on the inner face of the
wheels engages. The middle pulley O turns loosely on the sleeve u. When the
band U is adjusted by the shifter K on to the outer pulley M, a relatively slow motion
is communicated by the pinion r and wheels through the ratchet a¹, pawle b', and
wheel w to the pulley V driving the endless chain of gill pins, thus diminishing the
feed of the slivers to the flyer. Should the feed of slivers however be too slow, the
belt shifter K passes the band U on to the pulley N, which communicates a more
rapid motion, by means of the pinion v and spur wheel w, to the pulley V, the
pawle a', then slipping on the ratchet b¹. In case however of a too excessive supply
of sliver, or any obstruction occuring to stop or interfere with the feed to the flyer
through the condensing or regulating devices in front of the latter, the belt
shifter K moves the belt or band U on to the loose pulley O, and thereby arrests
the motion of the endless chain of gill pins. In this way or by these means a
uniformity in the supply of the slivers is kept up.
The take-up, drawing, and twisting mechanism which draws on the slivers as
it takes them from either throat piece H, and in conjunction with the flyer B, forms
the sliver into a yarn and winds it on the bobbin C, may be constructed as
described in my English Letters Patent, No. 876, of March Ninth, One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-five, or in any other suitable manner.
Either flyer B is driven by a pulley A' on its respective counterdriving shaft D,
a belt c', and a pulley B' fast by a hollow neck or shaft d' to one end of the flyer.
This hollow neck rotates within a fixed bearing e', and around a hollow shaft or
sleeve f', which passes through said bearing within the neck a' through a sleeve
g' of an outer pulley C¹, which is carried by an outer bearing h'. This outer pulley
C¹ is the bobbin pulley, and the hollow shaft f' is connected by a driver at its inner
end with one head of the bobbin. Said hollow shaft f' (see Fig. 5), is in feather gear
with the sleeve g' of the pulley C' to provide for the longitudinal reciprocation of
the bobbin in winding the yarn upon the latter. A central draw rod D' passing out
through the hollow shaft fi and through the bobbin serves to support the latter
during its rotating and longitudinally reciprocating motion. This rod has a
shouldered bearing at its inner end in the one head of the flyer or devices connected
therewith, and is free to be slidden outwards through a fixed bearing i¹ at its
opposite end, when it is required to remove the bobbin from the flyer.
The bobbin C is reciprocated longitudinally to lay the yarn upon it by means of
a traverse screw E' (see Fig. 1), and a screw box or arm G₁ fitting said screw,
and
constructed to clip or receive at its outer end the hollow shaft f', which is guided
by the draw rod D¹. With this construction no extra or special guide is necessary
to keep the screw box or arm G' from turning by the motion of the traverse
screw.

page_text: Either traverse screw E' of the double machine, represented in the Drawings, is
driven by an endless screw k¹ on either countershaft D; said screw working into
a worm wheel l' on an upwardly slanting spindle m', which spindle carries on its
upper end a bevel pinion n' that gears with a bevel pinion n' that gears with a
bevel wheel o' on the outer end of the traverse screw.
The means for regulating the tension on the bobbin to secure the close winding
of the yarn on it as the diameter of the wound yarn increases, and to stop the
machine in case of the yarn breaking, are substantially as follows:-The flyer
pulley B, which is driven by the pulley A' fast on the shaft D, is of the same
diameter or thereabouts as the bobbin pulley C, which latter pulley, in common
with the bobbin, is rotated by the draft or tension on the yarn. The bobbin
pulley C¹ drives a loose pulley H¹ of less diameter than the pulley A', thereby
causing the pulley H' to move at a greater velocity than the pulley A¹. Said loose
pulley H' is on the same countershaft D as the pulley A, and at a slight distance
from the outer side or face of the latter. Such loose pulley H', which is free to
slide as well as to rotate on the shaft D, is a friction pulley, that is, constructed with
a friction surface on its inner side or face arranged to bear against a loose friction plate
I' interposed between the pulleys A' and H', as shewn in the sectional view Fig. 9.
The pulley H is borne up against the friction plate I¹ to produce the necessary
friction by means of a weight q¹ on a screw carried by a lever J'. This lever,
which has its fulcrum at s¹ is of bell crank construction, and is connected by a rod
t' with a lever K' having pins u¹, u³, which bear against a bushing on the end of
the hub of the friction pulley H. On the back or outer face of the friction plate I¹
are duplicate studs a², a³, arranged at a slight distance apart (see Figures) 7. Between
these studs on a plate b² fast upon the pulley A¹ is a stud c² which enters, subject
to a certain amount of lost motion, between the studs a², a
Inasmuch as the pulley H¹, by reason of its smaller diameter relatively to the
pulley A¹, travels faster than the latter, it has a tendency to carry the friction
plate I¹ along with it, but is restrained from doing so by the stud c² on the plate b²
of the slower moving pulley A¹ entering in between the studs a², a³, on the friction
plate I, and bearing against the rear one of these last-named studs to hold said
plate back, and so produce a back pull on the pulley H¹ which keeps the winding
of the yarn on the bobbin tight or close.
The amount of friction between the pulley H¹ and the plate I¹ will be regulated
by the position of the weight q' on or along the lever J, and as the yarn increases
on the bobbin it is necessary, as in other machines, to gradually adjust the weight
which produces the friction along the lever carrying the said weight. To this end
either upwardly slanting spindle m' is fitted with an excentric d², the rod e² of
which operates a slotted bell crank f, that vibrates a spring pawl g², which gears
with a ratchet h² on the screw r1, and so adjusts the weight q¹ along the screw and
lever J¹ to which said screw is attached. This forins a simple, smooth, and positive
means of adjusting the weight which controls the tension of the yarn.
To provide for stopping the machine in case of the yarn breaking, either main
driving belt Q is automatically shifted from the main driving pulley R to the loose
pulley S as follows:-L', Fig. 3, is the belt shifter used to throw the belt Q from
the pulley R to the pulley S, or vice versa. This belt shifter is fast on a rock
shaft M', which is controlled by a spring 2 or by a weight to keep the belt Qon
the loose pulley S, but from which it may be shifted by hand when required by a
handle lever. This rock shaft M' (see Fig. 10) has fast on it an arm or lever N¹,
the outer end of which is bent to catch into a notch of a drop lever O', having
an intermediate fulcruin m² and made top heavy or weighted to throw its lower
arm inwards towards the countershaft D, in which position it is held by the
catching of the lever N' in the notch 12, as shewn to the left of Fig. 10.
the lever N' is disengaged from the notch 12 then the lower arm of the drop lever O'
is moved outwards from the countershaft D, as shewn to the right of Fig. 10.
Pivotted to the back of the friction plate I, see Fig: 9, is a finger or hook P¹, the
When

page_text: nose or outer end of which enters within a slot n³ in the plate b² of the pulley A',
and the fulcrum end of which has an arm o³ that is free to work in or through a
hole in said plate 62. When the tension is on the yarn the nose of the hook P¹
lies within the hole n² in the plate 62, so that in the revolving of said plate in
common with the friction plate I' and pulley H', the nose of the book does not
come in contact with the lower arm of the lever O' which is bent, as shown in
Fig. 5, to occupy a position back of the plate 62. When the yarn breaks, however,
then the loose pulley H' is retarded, and the stud c² on the plate b moves ahead
between the studs a², a³, of the friction plate I'. This accelerated movement of the
plate b relatively to the friction plate I¹ causes the arm o² of the hook P¹ to be
moved by the back end of the slot 2, and the nose of the hook P¹ to be projected
through the slot n² in the plate 62, so that as said plate rotates in common with the
pulley A¹ the nose of the hook is caused to strike the lower bent arm of the
lever O¹ and move it out of its notched hold on the lever N¹, and so liberate the
latter and with it the belt shifter L' to throw the belt Q from the fast or driving
pulley R on to the loose pulley S by the action of the spring 3. In this way, or
by these means, the machine is stopped in case of the yarn breaking, without having
resort to any means whatever bearing on the yarn, such, for instance, as a yielding
finger or device arranged to press on the yarn in advance of the flyer, and which
interferes with the twisting of the yarn or otherwise interferes with a smooth finish
of the yarn and has a tendency to press it to one side out of its proper course or
direction.
Having now set forth the nature of the Invention of "Improvements in
Machinery for Drawing and Spinning Hemp, Flax, and other Fibrous Substances,"
as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, and explained the manner
of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that under the above
in part recited Letters Patent I claim,-
First. The arrangement of the endless chain or chains of gill pins above or over
the flyer or flyers, substantially as specified.
Second. The main framing A, constructed substantially as herein described and
shewn in Fig. 4 of the Drawings.
Third. The combination with either endless chain of gill pins, arranged to bend
or turn downwards at its delivery end to conduct the slivers to the spinning devices
below, of a reel formed in part of heads for receiving and carrying the pin bars of
the chain and in part of rollers, bars, or supports for the slivers, substantially as
specified.
Fourth. The stationary conductor G in combination with the swinging or
yielding throat piece H and its sliver controlling plug I, essentially as described.
Fifth. The combination in mechanism for controlling the motion of the endless
chain or chains of gill pins by the draft on the slivers to regulate the size of the
yarn of the fast and loose pulleys M, N, O, the pinions r, v, the spur wheels 8, w,
the ratchet a' and the pawle b', substantially as specified.
Sixth. The combination with the flyer and bobbin pulleys of the differential
pulleys and friction plates interposed between the latter to regulate the tension on
the yarn as it is taken up by the bobbin, essentially as described.
Seventh. The combination with the tension devices, which regulate the tension
of the yarn as it is taken up by the bobbin, of stop motion devices arranged to act
in conjunction with the friction plates or surfaces which control said tension,
whereby the motion of the machine is arrested in case of breakage of the yarn
without any lateral or bearing pressure on the yarn, substantially as specified.
Eighth. The combination of the flyer pulley B' and its sleeve d², the longi-
tudinally sliding and rotating hollow bobbin, spindle, or sleeve f¹, and the central
draw rod D¹ which supports the bobbin, essentially as described.
Ninth. The combination with the flyer pulley sleeve, the bobbin spindle or sleeve,
and the central draw rod which supports the bobbin, of the screw box or arm and
traverse screw, which serves to reciprocate the bobbin, substantially as specified..

page_text: Tenth. The combination with the screw 7, by which the tension regulating
weight q¹ is adjusted along the lever which carries it, of the rotating excentric by
said excentric for turning said screw to adjust the weight, essentially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.