IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATION AND TN ADDADAM APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Lanyon, of Belfast, in the County of
Antrim, in Ireland, Civil Engineer and Architect, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATION AND TN ADDADAM
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Lanyon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st July 1875.
I, JOHN LANYON, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, in Ireland,
Civil Engineer and Architect, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATION AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR,'
to be as follows:-
:-
"
My Invention relates to the removal of hot, offensive, and noxious
vapours and gases from various buildings, apartments, chambers, con-
partments, vessels, and reservoirs, and especially from kitchens and
other cooking apartments or chambers, boiler houses, wash houses,
slaughter houses, stables, cow houses, pig houses, waterclosets, urinals,

page_text: prives, ash pits, and sewers or drains, and consists in the use of a
hood, cap, or other covering or enclosure furnished with a tube, pipe, or
extracting fluc, and placed as near as may conveniently be to the source
of such hot, offensive, or noxious vapours or gases, and so as to confine
the same to the smallest practicable space or compass, and conduct them 5
by such tube, pipe, or extracting fluc directly into the open air or into
a chimney or other shaft or flue provided or convenient for the purpose
of carrying them to the open air.
Where water is employed for flushing any chamber, compartment,
vessel, or reservoir containing, receiving, or collecting substances or 1
matters which evolve or produce such hot, offensive, or noxious vapours
or gases, I introduce such water from the hood, cap, or other covering
or enclosure, and with special adaptation to my Invention
I will introduce within the hood, cap, or other covering or enclosure
in many cases a current of air to carry the hot, offensive, or noxious
vapours or gases more rapidly or effectually forward to and through the
tube, pipe, or extracting fluc, and such current of air may where
desirable be heated by being previously passed through, over, or across
hot pipes, or by other well known and suitable means.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Lanyon in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 31st January 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
LANYON, of Belfast, in the County of Antum, in Ireland, Civil
Engineer and Architect, send grecting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
ninth year of Her reign, did, for Ierself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said John Lanyon, Her special licence
that I, the said John Lanyon, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said John Lanyon, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term

page_text: therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
VENTILATION AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said John Lanyon, my exccutors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office witlun sıx
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Lanyon, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Sheets of Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that
is to say :-
The said Invention relates to the removal of hot, offensive, and
noxious vapours and gases from various buildings, apartments, chambers,
compartments, vessels, and reservoirs, and especially from kitchens and
other cooking apartments or chambers, boiler houses, wash houses,
slaughter houses, stables, cow houses, pig houses, waterclosets, urinals,
privies, ash pits, and sewers or drains. It consists in the use of a hood,
cap, or other covering or enclosure placed as near as conveniently may
be to the source of such hot, offensive, or noxious vapours or gases so as
to confine them to the smallest practicable space or compass, and
furnished with a tube, pipe, or extracting flue to conduct them either
directly into the open air or into a chimney or other shaft or flue
provided or convenient for the purpose of carrying them to the
open air.
Where water is employed for flushing any chamber, compartment,
vessel, or reservoir containing, receiving, or collecting substances or
matters which evolve or produce hot, offensive, or noxious vapours or
I introduce such water from the hood, cap, or other covering or
gases,
enclosure, and with special adaptation to my Invention.
I will introduce within the hood, cap, or other covering or enclosure
in many cases a current of air to carry the hot, offensive, or noxious

page_text: vapours or gases more rapidly or effectually forward to and through tho
Lube pipe or extracting fluc, and such current of air may where
desirable be heated by being previously passed through, over, or across
hot pipes, or by other well known and suitable means.
In the adaptation of my Invention to kitchens and other cooking
apartments or chambers I employ a deep moulding or lintel extending
along the top and front of the cooking range, or a projecting shelf having
the inner edge attached to the top of the cooking range, and which may
be advantageously mclined, so that the outer edge is below the level of
the inner edge, and by this means the vapours or gases are obstructed
and prevented from passing into the kitchen or cooking apartment or
chamber.
The moulding, lintel, or shelf herein-before described constitutes the
hood, cap, or other covering or enclosure above the cooking range, and
in front of the smoke flues I place or construct a perpendicular tube,
pipe, or extracting fluc, into which the vapours or gases directly rise
from the range, and by which they may be conveyed at a higher level
into the smoke fluo or open air If the range be provided with a smoke
plate it must be a perforated plate I may accelerate the draught and
increase the operation of the tube, pipe, or extracting fluc in this case
by providing air chambers, tubes, pipes, or flues which receive air
through perforations or apertures in the back of the range or otherwise,
and pass it round the smoke flues, whereby it becomes heated and
rarified into the perpendicular tube, pipe, or extracting fluc above the
range.
A modification of the arrangements described for a cooking range
will be applicable to cooking stoves and to boiler houses and wash
houses.
The manner in which I apply my Invention to the sewers of slaughter
houses, stables, cow houses, and pig houses, and to other sewers or dians
is by placing an angular or curved hood or cap below the grating of the
gully or stench trap, and providing at one end thereof a tube, pipe, or
extracting fluc, by which the vapours or gases may be conveyed through
iron pillars, stall posts, or other tubes or pipes to a more safe and proper
place for their discharge.
For the purpose of carrying out my Invention with reference to
waterclosets I employ the lid or cover by way of a hood, cap, or covering

page_text: or enclosure, and construct the same so as merely to close or cover the
orifice of the scat (which is as contracted as possible), and to be light
and casily lifted and lowered, and I provide it with a centre piece of glass
through which the flushing may be observed without lifting it The valve
3 handle is left uncovered by the lid The closet basın is provided with
an aperture or apertures for the introduction into each near to the under
side of the seat of a tube, pipo, or extracting fluc to carry the vapours
or gases collected therein to the open air, and a current is created by the
access of air through an interstice between the scat and basın A cushion
or ring of vulcanized india-rubber may be attached to the lid or cover to
protect it from injury by falling on the scat, and to prevent the escape
of vapours or gases from the basın into the apartment or chamber
Water may be introduced into the closet basin in the ordinary way or
by a special application if desired In a similar manner jaw boxes and
slop basıns may be fitted up and ventilated.
Another application of my Invention to waterclosets consists in the
use of a pan valve and metal box, or trunk which operate as a hood or
cap immediately under the lower or escapement aperture of the closet
basin, and which are so constructed as to more effectually confine the
vapours or gases within the box or trunk below the closet basın, and
prevent their rising into it The pan valve when closed encases the
lower rim of the closet basin and retains a small quantity of water which
serves as a luting, and scals or stops the passage of air from the box or
trunk into the closet basın The face of my pan valvo may be adapted
to or constructed in accordance with any of the ordinary and known
forms of closet valve The metal box or trunk is attached to the soil
pipe and encloses the pan valve, and a tube, pipe, or extracting fluc
therefrom conveys the vapours or gases from the box or trunk to the open
air or the adjoining ventilating pipe, a stream of water is introduced
into the box or trunk so as to play upon and cleanse the pan valve when
opened to discharge the basın.
I propose also to adapt my Invention to urinals which I construct
with a projecting or overhanging hood or cap above and basın below,
and a partition or diaphragm extending from behind the hood or cap
into the basın At the top behind the partition or diaphragm is an
orifice for the introduction of the tube, pipe, or extracting flue to convey
away the vapours or gases which rise from the basın. A stream of
water is admitted from the inside of the hood or cap, and directed

page_text: against the front of the partition or diaphragm, flushing and cleansing the
same and falling therefrom into the basın beneath, whence it escapes in
the ordinary way at the rere
And in order that the said Invention may be more fully understood,
I shall now proceed to refer to the Drawings on the several Sheets here-
unto annexed, the same letters of reference being used throughout all
the Sheets and Figures to indicate the same or corresponding parts of
said Invention or apparatus.
Sheet I contains the several Drawings which illustrate the application
of my Invention to cooking ranges and street gullies or stench traps.
Fig 1 is a front view of the range showing a portion of the moulding,
lintel, or shelf along the top, and a portion of a perforated smoke plate
behind the same, perforations or apertures in the back plate to admit
air into air chambers, which conduct it round the smoke flucs to the
tube pipe or extracting flues; and ordinary parts of a range.
Fig. 2. is a plan (looking upwards) of the range showing the air
chambers, perforated smoke plate and orifice of the tube, pipe, or
cxtracting fluc.
Fig. 3 is a vertical section on the line A, B, in Fig. 1
Fig 4 is a vertical section on the line C, D, in Fig. 1
Fig 5 is a longitudinal section of a gully or stench trap showing the
hood or cap below the grating.
Fig 6 is a transverse section of a gully or stench trap and hood or
cap, showing the orifice of a tube pipe or extracting fluc.
Sheet II. contains the several Drawings which illustrate the appli-
cation of my Invention to waterclosets, urinals, jaw boxes, and slop
basins
Fig. 7 is a transverse section of a watercloset showing the construction
and setting of the closet basın, with the pan valve and box or trunk
beneath, the tubes, pipes, or extracting flucs, and the water pipe to
flush and cleanse the pan valve.
Fig. 8 is a transverse section of a urinal showing the hood or cap,
partition or diaphragm, basın and tube, pipe or extracting flue, and
water pipe.
The as a plan of the same urinal.

page_text: constructed and applied substantially in the manner and for the purposes
herein-before described.
In witness whercof, I, the said John Lanyon, have hereunto sct
my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
Present,
ПUGH ПYNDMAN,
Belfast,
Solicitor.
JOHN LANYON. (L.S.)