Improvements in Cake or Biscuit Machines.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Dec., 1897-Accepted, 29th Jan.,
1898
Improvements in Cake or Biscuit Machines.
I, PEMBROKE DECATOR-HARTON, of Fairmount Avenue, and Fifteenth Street,
Philadelphia, County of Philadelphia, and State of Pennsylvania, United States
of America, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had to the accom-
panying drawings, and to letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part
of this specification :-
This invention relates to a new and useful improvement in cake machines, and has
for its object to so construct a machine of this description as to bring about the
feeding of dough and the depositing of the same in given quantities upon pans or
other receptacles; and a further object of my invention is to perform two classes of
work known as deposit and wire cut; and a still further object of my invention is to
provide for the automatic feeding of the pans or receptacles upon which the cakes
are deposited, and in the case of deposit work to accomplish the moving forward of
one pan when filled, and bringing into position the next succeeding pan.
With these and other minor ends in view, this invention consists in the details of
construction and combination of elements hereinafter set forth and then specifically
designated by the claims.
In order that those skilled in the art to which this invention appertains may
understand how to make and use the same, the construction and operation will now
be described in detail, referring to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this
specification, in which-
Fig. 1, is a side elevation of a machine made in accordance with my improvement,
showing the same adjusted for wire cut work ;
Fig. 2, a similar view looking from the opposite side of the machine, clearly
illustrating the feed actuating mechanism :
Fig. 3, a central longitudinal section of the machine;
Fig. 4, a section taken at the line x, x, of Figure 3, looking in the direction of the
arrow;
Fig. 5, an enlarged detail view of the mechanism for actuating the wire cut
effects;
Fig. 6, a detail of the one toothed ratchet for giving the pan feeding belt an extra
movement to carry one pan out of operative position and the next proceeding into
such position, and
Fig. 7, a section at the line y, y, looking in the direction of the arrow, showing the
machine in adjustment for deposit work.
In carrying out my invention as here embodied, A represents the frame of the
machine which is of suitable design to separate the operating parts thereof, and
about this frame is mounted a hopper B in which is journaled the shaft C carrying
the feed roll D, the periphery of said roll being corrugated, as clearly shown in
Figure 3. Feed rolls E and F, and of smaller diameter than the first named feed
roll, are also journaled within the hopper adjacent to the feed roll D, and this nest
of rolls, when revolved in the direction of the arrows marked adjacent thereto, serve

page_text: to draw the plastic dough which has been placed within the hopper downward and
force it through the nozzles G, it being noted that the roll F is somewhat closer to
the roll D than is the roll E, which gives the former a tendency to feed the dough
faster than the latter, thereby crowding said dough within the space between these
rolls, which creates a certain amount of pressure thereon, which has been found
in practice to benefit the feeding of said dough to and through the nozzle. It is
also to be noted that a box H is located beneath the rolls to which the nozzle is
secured, and for convenience this box is provided with a flange adapted to engage
with the flange I, so that by means of the bolts J this box may be readily secured in
place, or be relieved when occasion may require, and for the purpose hereinafter set
forth. The plate in which the nozzle is formed is likewise secured to the under side
of the box by means of the bolts K, this arrangement permits of the accumulation of
a certain amount of dough within the box so that the feeding thereof through the
nozzle will be more satisfactory.
A table L is mounted upon the frame by being pivoted upon the shaft M. through
the lugs N, while the opposite end thereof, when the machine is adjusted for cut-off
work, is separated by the jack-screw O, the threaded portion of which passes through
the cross bar P, while its upper end is operated with a head P¹, the wheel P² serving
the manipulation of the screw to properly adjust the bed. The upper surface of this
bed is adapted for the reception of the pans Q, while the side rails thereof affect the
guiding of the pans and prevent their sidewise displacement.
A sprocket wheel R is mounted upon the shaft M, the latter being journaled in
suitable bearings in the frame, and a similar wheel S near the opposite end of the
machine is journaled in an adjustable hanger S¹, and over these sprocket wheels
run the chain T, any slack in which may be taken up by the nut T¹, as will be
readily understood. The object of this chain is to feed the pans beneath the nozzles
and this is effected by a series of pins U which project at intervals from the chain,
and during the travel of the latter in the direction of the arrow, pass through the
slot T2 formed in a table, thus coming in contact with the rear edges of the pans
which may have been previously placed thereon, and thereafter feeding said pans
forward intermittently, as will be next explained.
The shaft M has secured thereon, upon the outside of the frame, a ratchet wheel V,
and upon this same shaft is pivoted a rocking lever V1 which carries a pawl V2
adapted to engage with the teeth of the ratchet, so that when this lever is moved to
and fro it will impart an intermittent rotary motion to the ratchet wheel, and said
lever is oscillated through the medium of the connecting rod V3 pivoted at V4 to the
block V, said block being adjustably secured within the arm Vo, thereby providing
for more or less throw of the rocking lever, as will be readily understood. The arm VⓇ
is secured upon the shaft V7 which is journaled in the frame of the machine and
carries a crank W which is connected by the rod W¹ with a crank W2 of shorter
stroke, so that when the last named crank is revolved the crank W is oscillated,
thereby imparting an oscillatory movement to the arin Vo. The crank W2 is carried
by the power shaft W3 which is rotated by a suitable belt running upon the tight and
loose pulleys W4.
Thus it will be seen that proper intermittent motion will be imparted to the pans
when power is applied to the machine, causing said pans to dwell at proper intervals
and then move forward one step.
To coincide with the movement of the pans the feeding of the dough must like-
wise be intermittent, and this I accomplish by securing a ratchet wheel 1 upon the
shaft C, and pivoting upon this same shaft the pawl plate 2 carrying the pawls 3
and 4, each of which are adapted to engage with the teeth of said ratchet, and are so
set as to avoid lost motion as far as possible; and this plate is actuated by the rod 5
which is pivoted thereto, the opposite end being pivoted to the block 6 fitted to slide
within the arm 7, and the adjustment thereof being provided for by the rod 8 having
the knobs 9 upon its ends for easy manipulation. The arm 7 is carried by the
shaft V7 so that when the latter is oscillated, as before set forth, the pawl plate 2 will
likewise be oscillated, and the throw thereof may be regulated by the adjustment of

page_text: the block 6 within the lever 7 so as to bring about a greater or less feeding of the
dough from the hopper through the nozzles, it being noted that the shaft C carries a
gear wheel 10 which meshes with the gear wheels 11 and 12, whereby motion is
imparted to the small feed rolls E and F respectively, and these gear wheels 11
and 12 are set out of line in order that they may not interfere with each other, and
therefore the gear wheel 10 is of sufficient width to mesh with both of the wheels 11
and 12.
When the dough has been forced through the nozzles which are arranged in a series
beneath the hopper, the next operation is to cut the protruding portion of this dough
from that which remains in the nozzles, and this is accomplished by the mechanism
next described.
Two arms 13 and 14 are secured to the shaft 15 which is journaled in the lower
portion of the frame, and are thus adapted to swing back and forth within certain
limits, the arm 13 being provided with an overhanging bracket 16 through which
passes a coupling pin 17 held in position by a latch 18, as will be readily understood.
Oscillatory notion is imparted to the arms 13 and 14 by means of a lever 19
which is loosely journaled upon the shaft 15, said lever projecting upward between.
the overhanging bracket 16 and the arm 13, and having a hole therein for the
passage of the coupling pin 17, thus when this pin is in place any movement
imparted to the lever 19 will be in turn transmitted to the arms, for the purpose
hereinafter set forth. The arm 19 has connected therewith the eccentric stem 20
carried by the eccentric strap 21 which embraces the eccentric 22, said eccentric
being rigidly secured upon the power shaft W3 in order that when said shaft is
revolved the arms 13 and 14 will be actuated.
The upper ends of these arms have fitted within split boxes the eccentrics 23,
which latter are provided with hand levers 24 for their adjustinent, and within these
eccentrics are journaled a cross bar 25, here shown as square in cross section, and to
this bar are secured the cut-off wire fingers 26 by means of suitable set bolts 27,
clearly shown in Figure 3, and by this arrangement it will be obvious that the
normal level of the cross bar carrying the fingers may be adjusted by the turning
of the eccentrics 23, after which said eccentrics are secured in their adjustment by
tightening the caps of the split boxes. A block 27 is secured upon one end of the
cross bar 25, while outside of this block is pivoted upon said cross bar the angle
lever 28, the block being provided with lugs having screws 29 passed therethrough for
the adjustment of this lever relative to the block, thereby determining the position of
the outer ends of the fingers. These fingers are maintained in their proper position
during the to-and-fro movement of the arms 13 and 14 by a shoe 30 which is fitted to
slide within the grooved-way 31, the outer end of the lever 28 being pivoted thereto, as
clearly shown in Figure 2. But while this arrangement would hold the fingers in
substantially a horizontal position during the to-and-fro movements thereof, and as
it is desirable to cause the outer ends of said fingers to rise and fall at given
intervals, for the purpose next explained, a deflected slot 32 is formed in the block,
and the pin 33 which connects the ends of the lever 28 thereof projects within said
slots, so that when the lever is moved back and forth this pin will ride up and down
in the slot, that is to say-upon the forward stroke of the lever 28 it will ride
upward in the slot, and there remain during the entire forward movement, thus
holding the outer ends of the fingers in an elevated position, while at the commence-
ment of the return stroke of the lever 28 the pin 33 will ride downward to the
bottom of the slot 32, and there remain throughout the reversed stroke of said lever,
thus first dropping the outer ends of the fingers and maintaining them in this
lowered position until the forward movement is again commenced. Now as the
outer ends of the fingers carry the cut-off wire 34, it follows that when the fingers
are properly adjusted and the movements above described take place, that this
cut-off wire will be caused to pass immediately beneath and in like contact with
the nozzles upon the forward movement of the fingers, thus severing the protruding
portion of the dough which will be thereby cast upon the pan which at that time
ies beneath said nozzles, and upon the reversed movement of the fingers the cut-off wire

page_text: will be lowered and carried backward in such manner as to clear the nozzles, and in
nowise interfere with the dough which may be slightly protruding therefrom. This
is an important feature in a cut-off mechanism of such a machine, since it
accomplishes the severing of the dough in a most advantageous manner.
Froin all that precedes it follows that my improved machine when set in motion,
the hopper being supplied with dough of the proper consistency and the pans being
successively placed upon the table, said pans will be fed beneath the nozzles while
the dough is intermittently forced therethrough and cut therefrom so as to be
deposited upon the pans, these pans being automatically moved forward at the same
time that the dough is thrust thereon, thus avoiding the distorting of the dough thus
deposited, thereby producing a more uniform shaped cake than would be the case
When the
were the pans to remain stationary when the dough is thrust thereon.
machine is to be used for deposit work it must be adjusted so as to throw certain
elements thereof out of action while bringing others into action, and this
accomplished as follows:
is
The boxes H are removed, as before set forth, and the extension nozzles 35
substituted therefor, and between these nozzles and the bottom of the hopper are
contracted passages 36 which tend to increase the pressure upon the dough as fed
downward by the rolls, since said dough must be crowded through these contracted
passages. The table L is lowered at the rear end thereof by the swinging of the jack-
screw from therebeneath, and this is permitted by the fact that the cross bar P is
pivoted in the frame and is capable of being swung upon its axis, and when the table
is thus lowered the cam rolls 36 which are secured upon the shaft 37, the latter being
journaled in the frame, will rest upon the cams 38, provided said rolls are drawn
sidewise, as shown in dotted lines in Figure 4, provision for which is made by the
shaft 37 being arranged to slide longitudinally within its bearings, and a suitable
latch 39 being arranged to hold this shaft in such adjustment. Now as long as the
rolls 36 rest upon the cams 38 any rotation of the power shaft upon which these cams
are secured will give to the table an intermittent up-and-down movement, for the
purpose hereinafter set forth.
The arms 13 and 14 are disconnected from the actuating power shaft by the
withdrawal of the coupling pin 17 so as to leave the lever 19 free to swing back and
forth without affecting these arms, and said arms are held stationary by the stop
pins 40 which are then placed within the holes 41; this adjustment will also hold
the fingers 26 in the position shown in Figure 7. The connecting rod V2 is
disengaged from the upper portion of the pawl lever V¹ and engaged with the lower
portion thereof which is provided with a stud 42 for that purpose, and this, as is
obvious, will impart motion to the ratchet wheel upon the reversed stroke of the
arm V6, the object of which is to cause the carrier-chain T to dwell during the
feeding of the dough, and the leaving of the table to move only when the feeding of
the dough is at rest and the table is lowered.
It is desirable in deposit work that the pans shall be automatically moved a double
space after being filled, thereby carrying one pan out of activity and another into
position for the further reception of the cake, and this I accomplish by securing a
single toothed ratchet 43 upon the shaft R¹, and providing a pawl lever 44 carrying
a pawl 45, said lever being connected with the arm Ve by the rod 47 which is pivoted
to the adjustable block 48, thereby providing for the regulation of the throw of said
pawl, and by this arrangement at every revolution of the shaft R¹ the one toothed
ratchet will be actuated, thus giving said shaft a double movement at this point
which will move the carrier-chain an extra step, and thus carry one pan from beneath
the nozzles, while bringing another into place. The operation of the machine when
thus adjusted for deposit work will be as follows:
The pans are placed upon the table in the usual manner, and the pins upon the
carrier-chain causes them to move forward beneath the presser spring 49 which are
removably secured in place by the bar 50, to which they are attached, being fitted
within notches formed in the posts 51. Now after a sufficient quantity of dough has
been forced through the nozzles, the feeding mechanism dwells and the table is

page_text: moved upward by the cams 38, thus bringing the pan which is beneath the nozzles
into contact with the protruding dough, and when the table is again lowered, the pan
moving downward therewith will carry a certain quantity of the dough which will
have adhered thereto, thus forming a rough topped cake. To facilitate this taking
off of a certain quantity of the dough froin the nozzles A, a perforated plate 52 is
secured to the under side of the nozzles and the dough is forced therethrough, but,
of course, when the pan comes in contact with the dough it cannot be forced back-
ward through these perforations, but will be distributed evenly upon the pan.
For convenience in carrying one pan, when filled, from beneath the nozzles and
bringing another into place when cut-off work is being operated upon, a hand
wheel 55 is secured upon the shaft M so that when the proper pan has been reached
this hand wheel is given a sufficient movement to bring about the proper travel of
the carrier-chain for disposing of one pan and substituting the next succeeding.
A tension bar 58 having a clamp 59 is secured upon the shaft M, in order that the
carrier-chain and its mechanism may not over-throw when being actuated by the
ratchet, this will cause a positive feed of the clamps.
Of course I do not wish to be limited to the exact details of construction here
shown, as these may be altered within certain limits without departing from the spirit
of my invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim, is:-
1. In a cake machine, a suitable frame, a hopper mounted thereon, means for
feeding dough downward from the hopper through suitable nozzles, means for auto-
matically feeding a pan beneath said nozzles, and means for depositing sections of
dough upon said pan, as specified.
2. A cake machine consisting of a suitable frame, a table mounted thereon, a
hopper supported above the table, corrugated rolls journaled within the hopper for
feeding the material downward therefrom, a series of nozzles arranged beneath the
hopper through which the dough may be forced, a carrier-chain for automatically
conveying a pan beneath the nozzles, means for depositing sections of the dough
upon the pan, mechanism for imparting motion to the several operating parts of the
machine, as shown and described.
3. In combination, a suitable frame, a table mounted upon said frame by being
pivoted at one end and supported by a jack screw at the opposite end, a carrier-
chain having pins projecting therefrom adapted to feed a pan automatically length-
wise of the table, a hopper located above the table, corrugated feed rolls journaled
within the hopper, a series of nozzles arranged beneath the hopper through which
the dough may be forced, a wire cut-off for severing sections of the dough, fingers
carrying said cut-off wires, and means for adjusting the normal position of said
fingers, as specified.
4. In combination with a machine of the character described, a hopper mounted
above the table, a feed roll journaled within the hopper, two smaller fed rolls also
journaled within the hopper, one being arranged in closer proximity to the first
named roll than the other, ratchet mechanism for intermitting the nest of rolls, a
series of nozzles arranged beneath the hopper, and means for cutting off the
protruding dough at predetermined times, substantially as and for the purpose set
forth.
5. In combination with a machine of the character described, a hopper arranged
above the table of said machine, a shaft C journaled within said hopper, a corrugated
roll mounted upon said shaft, a ratchet wheel also secured upon the shaft, a plate
carrying two pawls for engagement with said wheel, means for transmitting power
from the power shaft to the pawl plate, a gear wheel also carried by the shaft C,
gears 11 and 12 with which the first named gear meshes, corrugated rolls of smaller
diameter than the first named secured to the last named shaft, and so arranged as to
feed the dough downward, nozzles arranged beneath the hopper through which the

page_text: dough is forced, and suitable mechanism for depositing the protruding sections of
dough upon a pan, as specified.
6. In combination with a suitable hopper and feed mechanism therefor, a table
arranged therebeneath, an endless chain running over sprocket wheels, pins projecting
from aid chain in such manner as to feed a pan beneath the hopper, ratchet
mechanism for actuating the chain, two arms secured to a shaft, a lever pivoted con-
centric with the arms, means for actuating said lever, means for coupling the lever
and arms together, a cross bar, fingers carried by said bar, a cut-off wire carried by
the fingers, a lever secured to the cross bar, a shoe fitted to slide within grooved
ways in the frame, a pin projecting from said lever into a deflected slot formed in
the shoe so that when the lever is moved to and fro the position of the fingers
is altered, and means for moving said lever to and fro, substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.
7. The herein described combination of a suitable frame, a shaft R¹ journaled
therein, a table pivoted at one end upon said shaft, a jack screw for supporting the
opposite end of the table or for permitting the lowering of the same, a sprocket wheel
secured upon the shaft R', a sprocket wheel S adjustably mounted upon the under-
side of the table, a carrier-chain running over said sprocket wheels, pins projecting
from the chain for feeding the pans placed upon the table, a suitable hopper, corru-
gated feed rolls journalled therein, ratchet mechanism for actuating the rolls, nozzles
placed beneath the hopper, ratchet mechanism for actuating the carrier-chain, cams
secured upon the power shaft, and cam rolls journaled upon the under side of the
table, whereby the table may be raised and lowered, substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.
8. In combination with a machine of the character described, a pair of oscillating
arms secured to a shaft, means for actuating said arms, eccentrics journaled in split
boxes formed at the upper end of the arms, a cross bar journaled in said eccentrics,
fingers carried by the cross bar, a cut-off wire carried by the fingers, and means for
revolving the eccentrics whereby the normal position of the fingers may be altered,
as specified.
9. A machine of the character described having a hopper, corrugated feed rolls
arranged therein, ratchet mechanism for actuating said rolls, interchangeable nozzles
arranged beneath the hopper, a pivoted table, a carrier-chain, ratchet mechanism for
actuating said chain, cams for raising and lowering the table, and various adjustments
for utilizing the machine for cut-off or deposit work, as specified.
10. In combination with an endless carrier-chain, a ratchet wheel for actuating the
same,
pawls for bringing about the rotation of the wheel, a one toothed ratchet secured
upon the same shaft as the first named ratchet for actuating the last named ratchet,
and means for bringing about the operations of the pawls, as and for the purpose set
forth.
11. In a cake and biscuit machine, the combination of the various parts of
mechanism substantially as above described in this specification, and illustrated in
the accompanying drawings.
J. P. BAYLY,
18, Fulham Place, London, W., Agent for Applicant.