matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VICES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Conrad Meyer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th March
1856.
I, JOHN CONRAD MEYER, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF VICES, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of improvements in constructing vices with swivel
jaws to enable them to hold securely articles of a taper, conical, or irregular
shape. One mode of constructing these improved vices is in constructing and
securing one of the jaws in the ordinary manner, and in supporting the lower
end of the other jaw in a swivel piece working in trunnions connected to the
lower part of the fixed jaw. The head of the screw is made partly spherical,
fitting in a similarly shaped recess in the moveable jaw, which has a conical
hole to allow the said moveable jaw to swivel according to the shape of the
article to be held. When my improvements are applied to what are com-
monly called "parallel vices," I support the moveable jaw in a swivel bearing
formed in the parallel bar; and, in order to allow for the swivelling of the screw,
I connect the box of the screw-nut to the jaw by means of trunnions or hinges.
Another of my improvements consists in making adjustable pieces, fitting in
concave recesses in the jaws, by means whereof an equal pressure is exerted
on all parts of the article held in the vice.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STERIOSCOPES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philippe Benoist at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd August
1850.
I, PHILIPPE BENOIST, of No. 7, Rue de Lanery, in the City of Paris, in
the Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STERIOSCOPES," to be as follows:-
This Invention is to combine the effects of the "fenakisticope" and the
sterioscope; the former gives movement to the figures, but no relief; the latter
relief, but no movement. The animated sterioscope unites the two results in
one instrument. The "animated sterioscope" is contained in a box scarcely
larger than the ordinary sterioscope, but in doubling the pictures of the sterio-
scope it preserves the relief of that instrument, and adds the movements of the
"fenakisticope." The figures in the animated sterioscope are, as in the two
instruments above mentioned, obtained in the desired position, and they are seen
alternately without visible displacement in the substitution. To obtain this effect
they are placed one upon the other, so that they may be seen alternately, the
one without the other, by the following means:-The two sterioscopic pictures
are placed at right angles, the plain of the one being perpendicular to the plain
of the other. A grooved glass cuts the angle in two, and consequently places an
angle of forty-five degrees between the glass and each figure. The motion
which is given to the glass by a spring at the side of the instrument displaces

page_text: it without altering its inclination, so as not to change the angles which it
makes with each picture. As the glass is only transparent in those parts
necessary to obtain the desired effect, it shews alternately the two figures, the
one by reflection, the other by refraction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Vincent Gardner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th April 1856.
I, EDWARD VINCENT GARDNER, of 24, Norfolk Street, Middlesex Hospital, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in certain improvements upon my previously patented
Invention of 14 March 1855.
In the interior of the deflecting plate, therein described, whether of metal or
fire clay, I arrange a pipe or tube, or series of pipes or tubes, in a bent or other
suitable form, which pipe or pipes are continued into the boiler, and bent or
curved into a spiral or other suitable form, in order to afford a large extent of
surface to the water in the boiler; these pipes are filled with water, inde-
pendent of that within the boiler, and may be made to return from the interior
of the boiler to the pipe or pipes in the deflecting plate, forming an endless
pipe; or it may be terminated by means of an expansion tube within the boiler.
The object of this arrangement is to cause the heat of the furnace, which is at
present liable to attack and destroy the deflecting plate, to be absorbed, con-
ducted, and conveyed by means of the water in the pipe or pipes to the water
in the boiler, thereby heating the same, and economizing the fuel.
These improvements are applicable to hanging or other bridges used in fur-

page_text: naces for consuming smoke, and also to the sides of furnaces, which I protect
by this Invention from the destructive heat of the fire by similar means.
When it is not convenient to communicate the heat from the deflecting plate
and bridges or sides of the furnace containing the pipes, as described, to the
water in the boiler, I cause a current of water to circulate independently.
Instead of pipes I may make the deflecting plate, bridges, or sides of the
furnace hollow, thus converting them into a vessel or vessels containing water,
and I sometimes use instead of the pipe or pipes within the boiler a globe or
vessel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING AND APPLYING WIND- LASSES POR WORKING PLOUGHS AND OTHER AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Smith, of Woolston, Fenny Stratford, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING AND APPLYING WIND-
LASSES POR WORKING PLOUGHS AND OTHER AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS."
Sealed the 15th August 1856, and dated the 22nd April 1856."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd April 1856.
I, WILLIAM SMITH, of Woolston, Fenny Stratford, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING AND APPLYING
WINDLASSES FOR WORKING PLOUGHS AND OTHER AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS," to be
as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in constructing and applying
windlasses for working ploughs and other agricultural implements. For this
purpose the barrels of the windlass are mounted in a carriage, which, by
preference, travels on two wheels, and is constructed with shafts to receive a
horse. Two barrels are used, which are capable of turning independently of
each other freely on the axle of the carriage; each of the barrels has fixed

page_text: thereto a cog wheel, and the one or other barrel will be caused to rotate
according as the pinion on another axis is slided into gear with one or other of
the two cog wheels. The pinion axis receives motion by a cog wheel thereon,
being driven by another cog wheel on an axis, which receives its motion from
a steam engine, which is on a separate carriage.
MAKING A NEW KIND OF ARTIFICIAL MILL- STONES
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Louis Henri Quentin at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st October 1856.
I, CHARLES LOUIS HENRI QUENTIN, Engineer, of Rue des Petits Hotels,
No. 27, in the City of Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "MAKING A NEW KIND OF ARTIFICIAL MILL-
STONES," to be as follows:-
I take any of the well-known earths or clay commonly used for making
stone ware or pottery, either one kind alone, or a combination of several kinds
mixed in such proportions as will be found most useful. I reduce the said
clay or earths to a pulpy or plastic state, then mould it to the size and
shape I require for the millstone, and bake or burn it in any convenient
manner. To secure the necessary holes, furrows, or ridges in it, I place
pieces of wood or other suitable material, of the shape or size required, in the
soft mould, which, after it is baked or burnt, will be either consumed or easily
removed, leaving the holes, furrows, or ridges perfectly made without any
further trouble.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THE CASTING OF METALS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Johan Laurentz Leffler at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th October 1856.
I, CARL JOHAN LAURENTZ LEFFLER, of Old Broad Street, in the City of
London, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THE CASTING OF METALS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to ensure the casting of solid ingots and
other masses of metal, applicable chiefly to the casting of iron and steel
as manufactured under Bessemer's process. The metal when converted in the
furnace is, according to the present plan, run directly into moulds, but being
then in a boiling state its sudden cooling in the moulds produces very imperfect
castings. To avoid this I propose to run the metal into an iron tilting ladle
lined with fire clay, which is mounted on an axle that forms a hinge for
the ladle to turn upon. This axle runs through lugs formed near the pouring
lip of the ladle. A cam or other suitable mechanical equivalent is employed
for lifting the ladle on its hinge or fulcrum and pouring the molten metal
(after the violent ebullition has subsided) into the moulds. When one of
a series of moulds is filled, the ladle may be slidden laterally on its axle and
the lip brought opposite an empty mould, and this being in its turn filled, the
ladle is again moved laterally into a line with the next succeeding mould of

page_text: the series, and it is in like manner filled in its turn; or the ingot or other
moulds may be mounted on a moveable carriage and brought severally in a
line with the pouring lip of the tilting ladle, which in that case will have only
the tilting motion imparted to it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDING UP OR MAINTAINING THE POWER OF CLOCKS
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Julien Louis Guillaume Bailly at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd December 1856.
I, JULIEN LOUIS GUILLAUME BAILLY, of King Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Watch & Clock Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDING UP OR MAINTAINING THE POWER
OF CLOCKS," to be as follows:-
According to my Invention, I take advantage of the power of the wind as
the motive power by which I maintain the action of a clock. By means of a
small windmill, or any other suitable vane, exposed to the action of the wind,
I communicate power to a shaft or arbor, on which I place an endless screw;
this screw communicates motion to a screw wheel, on whose arbar a pinion is
fixed, which imparts rotary motion to another wheel or disc; on the periphery
of this wheel or disc a pin is placed, which at each revolution comes in contact
with a projection formed on an oscillating bar, which forms a pall or clawker,
taking into and moving a ratchet wheel round the distance of one tooth at
each movement. The pall is supported on a fulcrum, carried by a spring,
which has a constant tendency to bring it back to the same position so soon as
released by the acting pin before mentioned. Tho ratchet wheel is placed on
an arbor connected with the barrel, winding up the spring or other maintaining

page_text: power of the clock, and thus the action of the wind continually winds up that
power and maintains the action of the clock. In order that the apparatus
may still continue to work after the spring or weight is fully wound up, I place
on the stop wheel a pin, which comes in contact, or otherwise communicates
motion to the pall or clawker, to move is on its fulcrum, and so throw it out of
gear with the ratchet wheel at the proper tire. Instead of the train of wheels
before described, any other train of wheeiz may be used to communicate and
reduce the motion from the windmill or driving vane, which power may be
conducted to the position of the clock by means of rods or shafts, or in any
other suitable manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR GRINDING, CRUSHING, OR PULVERIZING CLAY AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Richard Bowers at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
July 1856.
I, HENRY RICHARD BOWERS, of Penbedw, near Ruabon, in the County of
Denbigh, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR GRINDING, CRUSHING, OR
PULVERIZING CLAY AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
My Invention refers to grinding or crushing apparatus, in which the rollers
or crushers are caused to revolve by a circular plate or disc, and consists, firstly,
in adapting a revolving false bottom or disc for the rollers or crushers to run
upon, in such a manner that the smaller particles of the material will be allowed
to fall through, and be thereby removed from the action of the rollers or
crushers aforesaid. To accomplish this object, the false bottom or disc, being
mounted in a suitable manner and driven by an upright shaft, is formed with
à plain part for the rollers to run upon, on each of which there is a series of
perforations or grids, so as to effect the desired object.
Secondly, I adapt a suitable arrangement of apparatus for sweeping the
whole or a portion of the material on the plate or disc, in such a manner that
the smaller particles may fall through the perforations or grids above described,
that portion not passed through being again caused to pass under the rollers
or crushers above mentioned.
A NEW METHOD OF OBTAINING A CONTINUAL MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Armand Louis André Herbelot
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 1st April 1856.
I, ARMAND LOUIS ANDRE HERBELOT, Gentleman, of Paris, in the French
Empire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
METHOD OF OBTAINING A CONTINUAL MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in obtaining motive power, by employing compressed
air, or other gas or gases, or a fluid, in the following manner:-The gas or
fluid is introduced into an air-tight case, which contains a shaft or spindle, that
bas fixed thereto or formed thereon a helix or thread, or helices or threads of
uniform breadth and thickness. The gas or fluid, by exerting unbalanced
pressures on abutments, formed either at the extremities of the helix or helices,
or otherwise, communicates rotary motion to the aforesaid shaft or spindle, and
by means of it to an external shaft, by means of which machinery of any
description may be driven.
IMPROVED MEANS OF PROTECTING FLOATING BATTERIES, SHIPS, LAND BATTERIES, MARTELLO TOWERS, OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONS AGAINST SHOT OR SHELL OR OTHER PROJECTILES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John. Anderson. at. the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd December
1856.
I, JOHN ANDERSON, of Woolwich, in the County of Kent, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OF
PROTECTING FLOATING BATTERIES, SHIPS, LAND BATTERIES, MARTELLO TOWERS, OR
OTHER CONSTRUCTIONS AGAINST SHOT OR SHELL OR OTHER PROJECTILES," to be
as follows:-
My Invention of improved means of protecting floating batteries, ships, land
batteries, martello towers, or other constructions against shot or shell or other
projectiles, consists in covering or protecting the exterior or exposed side
of such constructions by means of a combination of plates or sheets of iron, or
other metal or material, arranged one above or over the other, so as to offer
several separate thicknesses of metal to resist the concussion of any projectiles.
I have found by experiment that if, instead of employing very thick and
heavy plates of metal to resist shot and shell, the same quantity of metal be
distributed differently, that is, in the form of separate sheets of moderate
thickness, placed, one over the other, a much more effectual resistance will be
obtained, I have therefore based my present Invention upon this discovery, and
the plan I propose to adopt for carrying it into effect consists in employing
.

page_text: a series of thin metallic plates, either of iron or amalgamated steel, arranged
one over the other, so that they may either lie close to or be separate from each
other, either by the plates being hollowed or curved, or by the interposing of
any softer substance, such as cork, felt, caoutchouc, or other elastic material,
so as to present a surface not solid but hollow or elastic. These metallic
plates may be put together in different ways, either by rivetting or bolting
them together in such a manner that the bolts or rivets of one set of plates
shall be covered by another set of the said plates, or by a series of lap-
jointed plates connected together, or by having them drilled with holes to a
template, that they may be put together around the embrasures of any
fortification.
I propose also to interpose between the back of the plates and the sides of
the ship, battery, or other construction blocks of caoutchouc or other clastic
material, which will yield to a certain extent to a sudden blow and then
resume its normal state. In addition to the interposition of an elastic material
between the plates and the sides of the ship, such an elastic material may also
be placed between the several plates, so as to forin an elastic mass of great
resisting power.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF ADJUSTING THE PARTS OF LADIES' DRESSES, CALLED 'CRINOLINES' AND 'SOUS JUPES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gedge at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd May 1856.-
A communication.
I, JOHN GEDGE, of No. 4, Wellington Street South, Strand, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF ADJUSTING THE PARTS OF LADIES' DRESSES,
CALLED 'CRINOLINES' AND 'SOUS JUPES,' " communicated to me by Jules Leonard
Cerbelaud, of Angoulême, France, to be as follows:--
Having long perceived the inconveniences produced by the articles termed
"crinolines" and "sous jupes" (under petticoats) as now used, these articles
being made of horse-hair or compressed stuffs, which have the effect of pre-
venting ladies from sitting in a carriage or other place without spoiling their
toilets, I propose to remedy this inconvenience, by forming the above-
mentioned articles of a light air-tight stuff, capable of collapsing, and having
only a small aperture in the upper part thereof, in order that thereto may be
adapted a minute pair of bellows of very slender horn. The air is to be
admitted as with travelling, cushions, etc. A second aperture, somewhat

page_text: larger in size, is destined to allow the emission of the air when ladies shall
desire to sit down. Tubes in gummed fabrics (or fabrics rendered air-tight
by a solution of caoutchouc) pass around the base of the "crinoline," inter-
secting each other, for the more ready inflation of the articles; they also
facilitate the emission of the air when desirable to collapse the article.
A NEW OR IMPROVED TAP OR STOP-COCK
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Moore and William Moore
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 27th August 1856.
We, JOHN MOORE, of Aston, near Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, and WILLIAM MOORE, of Aston, near Birmingham aforesaid,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
OR IMPROVED TAP OR STOP-COCK," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists of a new or improved tap or stop-cock, constructed
in the following manner:-The body of our improved tap consists of a hollow
cylinder, at or near the middle of which is a conical valve bed or seat. A
conical valve rests upon the said bed or seat, and a stem or spindle from the
under side of the said valve passes through the bottom of the barrel. A
button or thumb plate is fixed on the lower end of the said stem or spindle.
A coiled spring is placed between the valve and the top of the barrel of the
tap. The water or other fluid is delivered on the upper side of the valve, and
by its pressure tends to keep the said valve close to its bed or seat. On
pressing up the button at the bottom of the barrel the valve is raised, and the
water or other fluid passing down the barrel, escapes by a pipe at the lower
part of the said barrel. When the pressure is removed from the button, the
valve closes by the combined action of its own weight, the elasticity of the
spring, and the pressure of the liquid or fluid. In place of the stem or

page_text: spindle described for raising the valve, a screw may be employed, by turning
which the valve may be raised or lowered. The tap or stop-cock may be used
in an inverted position with the same effect.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Sagar and Christopher
Turner at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 20th August 1856.
We, THOMAS SAGAR, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, Machine
Maker, and CHRISTOPHER TURNER, of the same Place, Machine Maker, do
hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
Our improvements relate, first, to a novel method of governing the "swell"
of the shuttle box, and consists in the application of a spiral or other spring in
a nearly direct or positive line to the "back finger" of such "swell;" the
spring is so applied as to allow the back finger to press against it, and the
spring to exert its force only when the crank is at the back centre and
the shuttle is out of the box; at any other position of the crank the finger is
retained against the "swell" only by the weight of the "stop rod," so that
when the shuttle reaches the box, it has but the weight of the stop rod to
move, instead of having both the weight of the rod and spring attached to
displace before entering the box, as in the ordinary method); thus, in con-
sequence of removing the unnecessary pressure from the "swell" when the
shuttle enters the box, a much less power for driving the shuttle will be
required. Our improvements consist, secondly, in an improved form of the

page_text: slay sword levers of the "anti-positive motion," being improvements upon the
Invention for which Letters Patent were granted to the herein named Chris-
topher Turner, bearing date 12th January 1855; the improved form consisting
in bevilling or rounding the surfaces acting against each other, instead of
forming them of square surfaces, as therein exhibited, such surfaces being the
vertical part of the slay sword lever, and the crank arm slide acting thereupon.
The third part of these improvements relates also to the before-mentioned levers,
and consists in fixing the "stop rod "bearings in the levers at a point below their
fulcra, by which arrangement the action of the "stop rod" against the "frog,"
or projecting piece, assists in throwing forward the vertical end of the lever, for
a purpose mentioned in the before-named Letters Patent. And, lastly, our
improvements consist in a novel method of disengaging the driving strap, or
transferring it from the fast to the loose pulley; in order to effect this, we
place the ordinary "frog" upon a bar of metal, extending from end to end of
the loom; this bar is fitted loosely upon the framing, so that when the "frog"
is struck by the "stop rod," the bar is forced back against a vertical rod
placed behind it, which then strikes the "weft fork lever," and the strap is
thereby disengaged from the driving pulley.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN SINGEING FABRICS
Year: 1856

page_text: This invention received Provisional Irotection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Sampson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd.
December 1856.
I, FREDERICK SAMPSON, of Gordon Street, Bradford, in the County of York,
Stuff Finisher, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN SINGEING FABRICS," to be as follows:-
The principal method employed in the singeing of fabrics is by causing
them to pass over a plato heated to redness by an enclosed fire in a furnace
placed beneath such plate, and my improvements consist in means by which
more efficiently to impart the heat from such furnace to the plate; and I effect
this by forming an arch just within such singe plate, with an opening along the
centre thereof, through which the fire and heated particles pass to the plate,
and thence by the passages between the arch and singe plate to suitable
flues. The internal arch may be of fire brick or other suitable material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CAPS AND SUCH LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Braun at the Office of the-
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th December
1856.
I, LOUIS BRAUN, of Wood Street, City, Cap Manufacturer, do hereby.
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CAPS AND
SUCH LIKE ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
The nature of this Invention consists in the novel construction of those parts
of caps and such like articles as are usually stiffened.
Instead of taking continuous strips or other forms of paper, bazil leather,
pasteboard, whalebone, muslin, cane, or other stiffening material, I form the
several parts of such articles requiring stiffening by making a series of small
pieces of suitable material, as hereafter described, either with rounded or
square corners or of other suitable form, according to the part to which the
stiffening has to be applied; thus, for instance, for the bands of the ordinary
stiffened caps I take pieces of about 1 in. in width, and of a height or depth
equal to the depth of the band. These small stiffening pieces have the upper
corners rounded off, or they may be bevelled, or the tops may be semicircular,
or of other suitable form.
For the peak I use pieces of a similar construction or form, except that they
are longer or deeper, according to the depth and shape of the peak, as for this..

page_text: purpose the bottoms of such pieces should be bevelled or shaped to suit the
form of the peak.
For the crown or top a series of small stiffening pieces, semicircular, or of
more than half a circle in depth, or of such a form as the sides, being taper
and not parallell to each other, will permit of their being placed within the
circle of the rim, the sides of such pieces being radii to or within radial lines
drawn from the centre of such crown or top.
The mode of applying the stiffening pieces is as follows:-A series of cells
or pockets are formed in the material of which the cap or other article is
made, by rows of stitching of a shape corresponding to the form of the stiffening
pieces, and into these cells or pockets the stiffening pieces are placed by stitch-
ing, binding, or otherwise. For the arches or bevils of caps, as well as for
the crown or top, and the band and peak, I use similar pieces of stiffening
material, only that they are of a form suited to the particular shaped article to
which they are to be applied. The advantanges of this Invention over stiff
caps or other similar articles are, that when constructed or made up in the
manner described they may be folded and packed into the smallest compass
without injury to the crown or top, arch, bevil, band, peak, or other part of the
cap. The same arrangement or construction of stiffener may be applied to
other articles.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF TRANS- MITTING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Claude Eugene Mony at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th October
1856.
I, CLAUDE EUGENE MONY, Mechanician, of Paris, (France,) do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF TRANS-
MITTING MOTIVE POWER" to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in making the motive power act by means of inter-
mediary gearing, or two wheels with endless chain, on two or more toothed
pinions, on the shaft of which these wheels are fixed, the teeth of which pinions
take into the teeth with which the outer or inner periphery of two or more
large wheels are furnished, which large wheels serve as fly wheels, and for
transmitting the power. The pinions do not rest in bearings; and as by
the action of the above-mentioned chain wheels they would rise on the
periphery of the said large wheels, they are prevented therefrom by a
counterweight applied to the shaft of the said pinions, whereby, consequently,
they act only for working; these large wheels revolve, thereby increasing the
action of these latter. The result of the Invention, consequently, is to prop
up or sustain two or more pinions on the teeth of two or more large wheels,
and thus doing away with the friction the journals of such pinions would
be liable to if suspended in the ordinary way by their journals.
'
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF ASPHALTIC OR BITUMINOUS COMPOSITIONS FOR BUILDING AND STRUCTURAL PURPOSES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gregory Bird at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 81st March 1856.
I, GREGORY BIRD, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF ASPHALTIC OR BITUMINOUS COMPOSITIONS
FOR BUILDING AND STRUCTURAL PURPOSES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the application and use of asphalte, or asphalic or
bituminous compositions, in the manufacture or production of various building
and structural details, more particularly the copings, cornices, or coverings of
walls and other erections. In applying this Invention in the construction
of copings, or the upper coverings, layers, or courses of walls, the asphalte or
asphalic composition is cast or moulded in blocks of the required form or
section, and the coping blocks so made are built together upon the wall, to
be covered and finished just as stone coping is at present applied. By the
adoption of this system of building, good copings may be produced at about
half the cost of the usual stone copings, whilst the process of manufacture
secures perfect accuracy of form and detail in all the parts of the longest
line of work. Similarly cornices, sills, the capitals of pillars, and other
structural details may be moulded in asphalte, or asphaltic composition,
at a most economical cost, and with good and substantial effect.
A great
variety of building blocks for various uses may thus be judiciously made in

page_text: asphalte or asphaltic composition, more especially the finishing details, or those
which are not subjected to any positive or direct weight or strain, but act more
or less as ornamental covers or finishing projections. In addition to the
advantages herein-before enumerated as appertaining to this Invention, there
is that of non-absorption of damp, and thus the copings for boundary walls,
the gables of houses, plinths, top courses, cornices, and other structural details
which may be produced in this way, act as protectors to the walls, inasmuch
as wet cannot penetrate through the asphaltic matter.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHIMNEY CANS OR CAPS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Millner at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th December
1856.
I, JOHN MILLNER, of 15, Charlwood Street, Pimlico, in the County of
Middlesex, Iron Worker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHIMNEY CANS OR CAPS," to be as follows:-
I construct my improved chimney cans or caps by preference of a rectangular
form, and generally to suit the form of the chimneys into which they are
fitted. The openings for the escape of the smoke from the cap are in their
combined area equal to the area of the chimney so fitted. These openings are
of an angular form, and disposed at the corners of the cap; they are of the
greatest width at the upper part, and extend over nearly the entire circum-
ference of the cap, but taper down to a point at each angle. The openings
being thus graduated, the external air does not attain entrance in sufficient
quantity at the lower part of the openings to force its way down the chimney.
These openings being opposite to each other, any wind striking the cap has
free passage through and carries the smoke with it. A cover is placed hori-
zontally on the top of an area equal to more than double that of the chimney
cap or can, which it protects effectually from any wind striking down upon it,
and prevents it descending the chimney.

page_text: These caps may also be made round or of other suitable shape, having
tapered or graduated openings terminating in angles at the lower part, such
openings being disposed opposite to each other in the opposite side of the cap
or can and surmounted by a covering plate, all as before described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EXHIBITING AND DISTRIBUTING ADVERTISEMENTS, AND FOR LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Mitchell at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th August 1856.
I, ALFRED MITCHELL, of Liverpool, in the County Palatine of Lancaster,
Commercial Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EXHIBITING AND DISTRIBUTING ADVERTISEMENTS,
AND FOR LIKE PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My said Invention consists of a box or case to contain a pile of card paper,
or other like matters to be delivered, and the face or side of the said box is
prepared for displaying one or more placards, diagrams, or other objects.
Two opposite ends or sides of the box rest on a board or table, while the
bottom ends of the other two sides are left sufficiently open to permit one at a
time of the lowermost of the cards, papers, or other objects in the pile intended
for distribution to slide out when pressed against either at one side or other-
wise by a moveable slide, actuated by a spring or other suitable contrivance.
By means of a handle in front, persons can withdraw one card at each pull
of the handle, and so in like manner for any other object similarly placed,
until the entire pile of the same is thus removed.
AN IMPROVED OMNIBUS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Frederick Miller at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st March 1856.
I, ROBERT FREDERICK MILLER, of Hammersmith, Coach Builder, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for AN IMPROVED OMNIBUS, to be
as follows:-
My Invention of an improved omnibus consists, firstly, in doing away with
the ordinary seats and brackets, and making the bottom side of the body form
the seats, the passage along the centre being formed by carrying the woodwork
down from the front part of the seats.
Secondly, raising the roof in the centre, to form a convenient seat outside,
and carry the "rocker" or lower body down 4 inches lower than usual, thereby
obtaining increased height within the vehicle.
Thirdly, extending the fore part of the body, in order to obtain greater space
inside without increasing the total length.
Fourthly, doing away with the top ventilating rail and "mahogany," and
carrying the glass up to the framing.
Fifthly, carrying the pillars or frames down straight, thereby increasing the
internal width.

page_text: Sixthly, doing away with the hind cross spring, and fitting the front carriage
with a double wheel plate, transom, &c.
Seventhly, carrying rails round and along the roof and bottom side of the
same, and fitting extra brass rods for handholds.
Eighthly, improving the lighting, and ventilation at the fore part of the 5
vehicle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHURIC ACID, AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS USED FOR SUCH MANUFACTURE
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
not given
prese
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Gossage at the Office of
tho Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th December
1856.
I, WILLIAM GOSSAGE, of Widnes, in tho County of Lancaster, Chemist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHURIC ACID, AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS
USED FOR SUCH MANUFACTURE," to be as follows:-
Sulphuric acid has hitherto been manufactured in apparatus consisting of
large rectangular chambers, constructed of sheet lead, supported by framework
of timber. In these constructions it has been found most convenient to make
such chambers of much greater dimensions horizontally than as respects the
height, also to conduct the gases used in such manufacture through the
chambers employed in the direction of their horizontal length.
I have discovered that much advantage arises in the manufacturo of
sulphuric acid when the height of the chambers employed is greatly increased
and the proportionate horizontal area diminished; also when the gases employed
are caused to pass through the chambers vertically, either upwards or down-
wards, or both.
I have also found it advantageous to employ showers of liquid sulphuric
acid or of liquid nitro-sulphuric acid in such chambers, falling from the upper
part thereof, to assist in mixing and condensing gases contained in such cham-
bers, and thereby promoting the formation of sulphuric acid from such gases.

page_text: The construction of sulphuric acid chambers having greatly increased height,
as compared with those hitherto used, increases the efficiency of such showers
of acid in promoting the mixing and condensing of such gases. I also pro-
mote the mixing of such gases by the introduction of jets or currents of
atmospherical air moving at high velocity into such sulphuric acid chambers.
I also employ in the construction of sulphuric acid chambers certain natural
siliceous sandstones or other suitable stones of somewhat porous quality, the
pores of which stones are previously filled up by immersing the same in melted
sulphur or other suitable melted material, and allowing the same to soak therein
during a sufficient period of time.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REGULATING THE SUPPLY OF STEAL TO ENGINES, WORKING SCREW OR SUBMERGED PROPELLORS, AND IN REGULATING OR RELIEVING THE PRESSURE OP STEAM ON SLIDE VALVES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Roberts at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th August 1856.
I, SAMUEL ROBERTS, of Hull, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REGULATING THE SUPPLY OF STEAL TO ENGINES, WORKING
SCREW OR SUBMERGED PROPELLORS, AND IN REGULATING OR RELIEVING THE PRESSURE
OP STEAM ON SLIDE VALVES," to be as follows:―
This Invention has for its object improvements in regulating the supply of
steam to engines, working screw or submerged propellers, and in regulating
or relieving the pressure of steam on slide valves.
In the use of screw or submerged propellers it is well known that the
same are very liable to injury by reason of the sterns of the vessels, in which
they are used, being from time to time out of water or only partially immersed,
whilst the full power of steam is acting on the propellers, so that the pro-
pellers are sometimes running free or partially free of resistance. Now, the
first part of my Invention consists of employing the height of the column of
water in which the stern of a vessel is for the time being floating as the
means of governing the position of a throttle or other valve of the engine or
engines. For this purpose there is a cylinder with a piston employed, and the
column of water external of the vessel presses on the piston with an effect
depending on the height of the column. The piston has a tendency to be

page_text: forced outwards against the pressure of the water by springs, or otherwise; the
piston is in connection with the throttle or other valve used, so that when the
stern of the vessel is at its greatest depth in the water the throttle or other
valve will be fully open; but when the stern rises in the water, the column
of the water pressing on the piston will decrease, and the valve will be more
and more closed.
In order to regulate or relieve the pressure of steam on a slide valve of a
steam engine, such valve is made in two parts, capable of separating from each
other, yet connected together by one part of the valve sliding in the other,
there being a larger or less space between the two parts according as it is
desired to relieve the slide valve to a greater or less extent. By this arrange-
ment the steam in the valve box will press on the back of the part which
works over the ports with a tendency to close the working surface thereof
on the seat of the valve, whilst the other portion of the valve will be pressed
towards the cover of the valve box.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN BOUKING, BLEACHING, WASHING, AND CLEANSING TEXTILE FABRICS AND MATERIALS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hollin and William John
Dorning at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 21st May 1856.-A communication.
We, JAMES HOLDIN, of the City of Manchester, Paper Manufacturer,
and WILLIAM JOHN DORNING, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BOUKING, BLEACHING, WASHING, AND CLEANSING TEXTILE FABRICS AND
MATERIALS," in part a communication from Edward Taylor Bellhouse, at
present residing at Beunos Ayres, South America, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the arrangement and construction of machinery.
or apparatus on the general principle of the "dash wheel," as ordinarily
employed in various manufacturing processes, whereby such machinery may
be made more economically and effectively available for bleaching, washing,
and cleansing than has hitherto been the case. According to these improve-
ments the wheel or rotatory case itself may be made of the ordinary form,
but it is perforated round its circumference, and is surrounded by a stationary
case or cover, leaving a narrow space between the fixed and rotatory surfaces.
Steam is admitted into the external fixed chamber, and finds, its way through
the perforations in the rotating wheel, and there mingles with the goods and

page_text: ingredients employed in the process. On, the periphery of the dash wheel are
one or more scoops or lifters, which as. the wheel rotates continually scoop
up the fluid ingredients from the bottom of the outer case, and pour them
back into the dash wheel through the perforations, in the latter. In this
way the fluid matters are constantly passed through the goods in a most 5
effective manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR EMBROIDERING FABRICS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Heaven and William Booth
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 19th January 1856.
We, ALFRED HEAVEN and WILLIAM BOOTH, both of the City of Manchester,
Embroiderers by Machinery, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR EMBROIDERING FABRICS, to be
as follows:-
In the machines for embroidering hitherto employed, the needles have been
placed horizontally in a straight line. Now, our improvements consist in
arranging the needles in curved, diagonal, or zig-zag lines, so as to produce a
corresponding position in the designs embroidered on the fabrics. The curved,
diagonal, or zig-zag position of the needles may be obtained by making the rail
of the needle holders of a corresponding shape, or the needle holders may be
attached to supports of various heights, fixed to a straight rail.
Another part of our Invention consists in an improved mode of constructing
the needle holders. The end of the spring lever, instead of fitting in an open
slot piece bearing on the needle, is inserted in a hole in a square piece, which
has projections taking into a recess in the bottom plate of the needle holder.;
by this means the needle is held more securely than by the ordinary needle
holder.

page_text: Our Invention also consists in dispensing with the treadles usually employed
for taking hold of and liberating the needles, and in effecting these motions
by a handle attached to each carriage; these handles act on slide bars, con-
nected to the lovers, by which the parts are put in motion for taking hold of
and for liberating the needles. This last improvement is applicable to those
The
embroidering machines in which moveable needle holders are employed.
last part of our Invention consists in the application of upright instead of hori-
zontal rollers, for distending the fabric to be operated upon.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLOVES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Benjamin Bowen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th August 1856.
I, JAMES BENJAMIN BOWEN, of Chipping Norton, in the County of Oxford,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF GLOVES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of driving, riding, or other gloves,
wherein the fore-finger and the inner parts of the second and third fingers and
the thumb are protected by leather or skin; and has for its object to dispenso
with the use of the side pieces and gussets usually employed between the
fingers, and consequently to avoid unnecessary seams, and to effect a great
saving in the amount of stitching or sewing required.
This is effected by a peculiar method of cutting, which is exhibited in the
annexed Drawing, in which Fig. 1 shews one method of cutting the leather
for this purpose, the dotted lines indicating whero the leather is folded to form
the side pieces and the back of the fore-finger.
The part a, a, forms the fore-finger, the part b, b, the sides and front of the
third finger, and the piece c, c, forms the sides and front of the middle or
second finger; the point d, d, being sewn or stitched into the angular incision
e, e. The dotted piece f,f, shews how the thumb piece may be formed of
the same piece, or it may be cut separately and sewn on. Fig. 2 shews another
method of cutting the leather or skin, wherein each finger piece is cut separate;
but in this instance two seams are necessary in the inside of the hand, viz.,
where a, a, and 6, 6, are respectively joined together.