Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 31st Dec., 1887
Complete Specification Left, 29th Sept., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 2nd Nov., 1888
I, JAMES KEITH of 57 Holborn Viaduct, in the city of London, Gas Hydraulic,
Heating and Ventilating Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows :-
My invention has for its object to ensure greater efficiency and economy in heating
water and supplying it to swimming baths or ponds whilst preventing deposit of lime
and sediment from the water in the heating apparatus a feature of the improved
system being the maintenance of a practically uniform temperature of the volume of
water in the bath or pond accompanied by a continuous or occasional replacement of
the water in use by fresh water in a heated state. To that end I lead the water direct
from the street main or other source of supply under a suitably regulated pressure
directly through a heating tank of the improved construction hereinafter described
and thence in a continuous stream through one or a number of branches of pipes laid
at or near the bottom of the pond preferably at the deep end, but at the deep end or
the ends or middle of the pond according as the water replaced is discharged or
overflows from the shallow end or middle or both ends. The heated water entering
the pond near the bottom tends to rise and continuously replaces a portion of the
cooler water.
The heating tank through which the inflowing cold water passes or circulates in
its passage to the pond is composed of a cylindrical or other vessel having casings
formed at top and bottom separate from the mid portion through which are carried
a series of tubes or divisions connecting the casings. The connecting tubes are
preferably arranged in a series of annular rows comparatively large spaces being
left without tubes at the centre and in proximity to the outer shell; and in the
mid portion of the tank or vessel is circulated hot water from a heating boiler,
whilst into the lower casing is led a water supply pipe to discharge therein cold
water which passes up through the connecting tubes to the upper casing and
07

page_text: thence is led by a pipe to the discharge pipe in the pond, the cold water being
heated in its passage through the casings and tubes of the tank, and a large volume
being gradually heated in a small water way by a small volume of hot water rapidly
circulated in a large water way. The flow of the water through the casings and
tubes of the tank being continuous and the heat imparted being gentle little or no
deposit of lime or sediment takes place, and by using pure water for circulation
through the mid portion of the tank and the heating boiler deposit in the boiler is
also prevented. The top or cover of the upper casing is however so fitted that it
may be readily disconnected to give access for brushing out the tubes as also for
repairing such as may give way.
Dated this Thirtieth day of December 1887.
CRUIKSHANK & FAIRWEATHER,
62, Saint Vincent Street, Glasgow,
Agents.

page_text: An Improved System of Heating Water for the Supply of
Swimming Baths or Ponds and Apparatus therefor.
I, JAMES KEITH of 57 Holborn Viaduct in the City of London, Gas Hydraulic,
Heating and Ventilating Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:
:-
My invention has for its object to ensure greater efficiency and economy in heating
water and supplying it to swimming baths or ponds whilst preventing deposit of lime
and sediment from the water in the heating apparatus; a feature of the improved
system being the maintenance of a practically uniform temperature of the volume of
water at any level in the bath or pond accompanied by a continuous or occasional
replacement of the water in use by fresh water in a heated state; the water in the
bath or pond being heated as the bath is being filled.
As represented in the accompanying drawings in sectional elevation at figure 1 and
in plan at figure 2 which represent my invention applied to swimming ponds placed at
different levels, I lead the water direct from the street main A or other source of
supply, under a suitably regulated pressure, directly through a heating tank B of the
improved construction represented in vertical and horizontal sections and elevation
respectively at figures 3, 4 and 5, and hereinafter described, and thence in a continuous
stream through one or a number of brauches of pipes C laid at or near the bottom of
the pond-preferably at the deep end as shown but at the deep end, or the ends or
middle of the pond, according as the water replaced is discharged or overflows from
the shallow end or middle or both ends-The heated water entering the pond at or
near the bottom tends to rise, and continuously replaces a portion of the cooler water
which again passes off by overflow pipes D from either the surface of the water or
from the bottom upwards at the shallow ends to waste or for further use in a pond at
a lower level or otherwise.
The arrangement can also be such that the heating tank mentioned can be placed
close to the boiler or boilers the whole standing on one floor level either above or
below the level of the swimming ponds or on the same level thus avoiding all
necessity for sinking below the level of the baths if not convenient so to do, the
water after being heated, being run as described into the said ponds, up or down as
occasion may require.
The heating tank through which the inflowing cold water passes or circulates in its
passage to the pond is composed as shown at figures 3, 4, and 5 of a cylindrical or
other vessel E having casings F, F1, formed at top and bottom separate from the mid
portion G through which are carried a series of tubes H or divisions connecting the
casings F, F. The connecting tubes H are preferably arranged in a series of annular
rows, comparatively large spaces being left without tubes at or near the centre and in
proximity to the outer shell; and in the mid portion G of the tank or vessel is
circulated hot water from a heating boiler or boilers J as indicated at figures 1 and 2

page_text: which is supplied from a separate supply cistern J¹ whilst into the lower casing is led
a water supply pipe K to discharge therein cold water which passes first down through
the heart of the hot water in the mid portion G and then up through the connecting
tubes H to the upper casing F and thence is led by a pipe L to the discharge pipes
&
in the pond, the cold water being heated on its passage through the casings and tubes
of the tank E, and a large volume of cold water being gradually heated in this way
by steadily passing through small water ways heated by hot water rapidly circulated
in larger water ways-The incoming water after being heated can be handled with
case and passed on to the ponds at any desired temperature under the initial
temperature of the hot water in the mid chamber, in proportion as the colder water
is passed through slowly or rapidly. The flow of the water through the casings and
tubes of the tank E being continuous and the heat imparted being gentle, little or no
deposit of lime or sediment takes place; and by using pure water for circulation
through the mid portion G of the tank and the heating boiler J, deposit in the said
boiler is also prevented. The top or cover of the upper casing F is however so
fitted and secured by bolts or similar means, that it may be readily disconnected to
give access for brushing out the tubes H as also for repairing such as may give way.
It will be understood that the hot water heating medium in the mid portion of the
heating tank or cylinder E can be supplied from other sources than hot water cir-
culating boilers so long as the hot water is maintained at a high temperature in the
said heating tank or cylinder. The heating water can be heated, for example, by
steam blown into it or by other means than that of circulation from ordinary hot
water boilers the special feature of the invention being the using of hot water
to heat colder water to a suitable temperature and so as to leave no sediment deposit
in the heater.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what. manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. The hereinbefore described system of heating and supplying water to swimming
baths or ponds, so as to continuously or periodically displace the water therein the said
water supply being led from the mains direct through a heating tank wherein it is
heated by conduction in its passage to the pond by hot water circulated through said
tank substantially as described with reference to figures 1 and 2 of the annexed
drawings.
2. The combination of parts constituting the improved heating tank hereinbefore
described with reference to figures 3, 4 and 5 of the annexed drawings.
Dated this Twenty-seventh day of September 1888.