CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SAWING WOOD
Year: 1843

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JUNIUS
SMITH, of Fen Court, Fenchurch Street, in the City of London, Gentleman,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Third day of June, One thousand eight hundred and forty-three, in
the sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Junius Smith, Her especial licence, full power, sole
privilege and authority, that I, the said Junius Smith, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, and such others as I, the said Junius Smith, my executors,
administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England
and Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and all Her Majesty's
Colonies and Plantations abroad, the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR SAWING WOOD," being a communication from a foreigner residing
abroad; in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that I, the said
Junius Smith, shall cause a particular description of the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be enrolled in
Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next

page_text: and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in
and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Junius Smith, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly described and
ascertained in and by the Drawings hereto annexed, and the following
explanation thereof, that is to say:―
These improvements in machinery for sawing wood consists in a novel and
peculiar arrangement of machinery for cutting or sawing timber by power,
and are more particularly applicable to the purposes of shipbuilding, or other
similar uses where the timber is required to be cut of curvilinear or other
uneven shapes. I will, therefore, proceed to describe the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, in the words
of the Inventor, as communicated to me; reference being made to the two
sheets of Drawings attached, corresponding with the following description of
the improvements.
These improvements consist in the construction and equipments of saw-
mill gates and frames, and saw-mill head blocks and holding dogs; such
improvements being combined and connected in use for the especial purpose
of attaining mechanical means by which timber may be sawed with a direct
or indirect straight cut, or with a common or compound curved line, or in
either case with the addition of a common straight or curved bevil or compound
of bevils to the face or side of the timber, or what is technically termed
a winding cut" for any required purpose, but moré particularly for sawing
timber into the various forms required for shipbuilding. These improvements,
and the mode of constructing and using the same, and the ends attained
thereby, are fully and substantially set forth and shown in the following descrip-
tion and in the Drawings annexed, wherein Figure 1 is a plan view; Figure 2
is a side elevation, seen from the side-A on Figure 1; Figure 3 is an eleva-
tion, seen from the end B on Figure 2; Figure 4 is a vertical cross section,
as if cut through at the position of the saw. These Figures represent the
general arrangement of a saw mill with these improvements fitted and in
use; the other Figures are separately referred to; and the same letters
and numbers, as marks of reference, apply to the same parts in all the
several Figures. c, c, are the bed frames; D, D, the standard post and
string pieces; E is an upper frame; F is a metal frame, either attached
to the fender posts and string pieces, or suspended from a travelling frame
above when the saw is made to travel horizontally; these parts carry

page_text: the working portions of the machinery as follows:-a is a driving drum, con-
nected by a belt to any competent motive power, and mounted on a shaft b, the
journals of which are mounted in bearings c, c, on the top of the upper
frame E. d, d, are two fly wheels on the shaft b, each having a crank pin e, e,
to each of which is connected a sling f, f; these slings are jointed to the upper
ends of the connecting rods g, g, working in guide slides on the frame E, the lower
ends being connected to the metal bar h that forms the head piece of the saw
gate, which is completed by the side pieces i, i, and metal foot piece K. 1, 1,.
are the side pieces; 1, the top piece, and 12 the bottom piece, of an interior:
saw frame, which has on the top and bottom pieces four metal sockets m, m, m, m,.
through which the head piece h, and foot piece K of the saw gate support the
saw frame, so that it can be made to slide laterally on the bar h and k, by means
hereafter described. n, n, Figure 2, are the upper guide slides on the frame. F
to the upper pads on the saw gate; and o, o, Figures 2, 3, and 4, the lower guide
slides to the lower pads to prevent any lateral or swaying motion of the
saw gate. This mode of mounting the saw frame in the saw gate is shewn in
section in the detached Figure 9, and in Figures 3 and 4. The sockets m, m,
are shown with set screws to secure them from sliding laterally, when the saw
is to be employed in sawing straight cuts. On the shaft 6 is a cam q, see
Figures 3 and 4, above which is one end of the lever p; having its fulcrum at 1
attached to any convenient support, and having jointed to it the upper end of
the vertical rod r, the lower end of which is connected to the inner end of a
cross lever r 1, or a fulcrum joint 2; the outer end of the lever r 1 is jointed
to the upper end of a vertical rod r 2; the lower end of this works in a guide
slide 3, and has the feeding paul (see Figure 2) connected on it by a
hinge joint, with a spring behind to keep the paul into the teeth of the
feeding ratchet wheel r6; next this is the vertical lever 4, having a
fulcrum 3 on the bed frame C; and jointed to this is a horizontal slide t,
going behind the slide piece r 3, with a pin on it to draw back the paul s;
next above this, a second slide piece 5, is connected to tlie lever ŕ 4, and
going behind and past the ratchet wheel r 6, terminates with two inclined
planes or ratchet teeth 5 and 5%; next these the adjustable carriage 8 on the
frame c carries the two holding pauls 6 and 7, which each have a slide pin,
see Figure 1, to overlie the inclined planes or teeth 5 and 5*, so that by
moving the lever r 4 in the direction of the arrow (see Figure 2) the driving
pauls, and holding pauls 6 and 7, are all disengaged from the ratchet wheel
r 6, and leave the motive power at liberty to run the log carriage back by.a
belt on the drum 77, outside the ratchet wheel 6; these two are mounted
on the feed shaft r 8, see Figures 3, and 4. This has two pinions u, v, gear-
8

page_text: ing into teeth racks u, u, on the under side of the log carriage frames r 9, in
the usual manner. In fitting this lever 7 4, and slides t, and r 5, the slide t
may in some cases be dispensed with, and a pin, or an arm and pius or lip, be
placed upon the slides r 5, to draw back the pauls at the same time that the
holding pauls 6 and 7 are lifted by the inclined planes 5 and 5*. The vertical
lever has its fulcrum on one of the cross pieces of the upper frame E, and
the top end is fitted with an inclined plane y, see Figures 2 and 4, that comes.
beneath a pad w, which is to be made adjustable by a slot and screw, going
through holes in the descending feed rod ; and by allowing the pad w and
rod r to descend so much that the moving end of the lever p is in contact with
the cam g. During each whole rotation, a large feed of the log will be given to
the saw below, while, by placing the pad w lower on the rod r, the cam 9 will
only come in contact with the moving end of the lever p, when the longer axis
of the cam is near the vertical line, and thus give a very small feed to the
saw, or the pad may have any intermediate position, and when in work, by
moving the lever a in the direction of the arrow, (see Figure 2,) the feed can
be decreased by the upper part of the inclined plane y lessening the vertical
motion of the pad w and rod r; or the feed may be increased by moving the
lever x in the opposite direction, as the rise of the cam 9 operates by the
lever p, rod r, cross lever r 1, and rod 2, to send the paul s down, and give
the ratchet wheel r 6, an intermittent motion in the same direction,, the
amount of which motion is regulated by the position of the pad wand
lever a, with its inclined plane y. The saw c 8 is to be mounted in the frame
in the mode shown sectionally in larger size, in the detached Figure 10, where
the top stretcher 6 1, of the frame is shown with a saw sling c 5 on it. A
centre pin c 6, is put upwards through the lower part of the sling, and kept
in place by
a collar and pin; the lower part of the centre pin c 6, finishes
with the holding chops c 7, to which the saw c 8 is to be secured in any con-
venient manner, the lower end of the saw is to be secured in the same manner
to the lower stretcher 6 2 of the saw frame, the parts being reversed and fitted
with the addition of a tightening screw in the lower parts of the sling, as
shewn in the lower part of the detached figure 9, or a tightening screw may
be applied at either or both ends of the saw frame. Inside each of the
uprights of the frame C, is a projection c 1, slotted vertically; these carry
between and on them a cross bar c 2, with a long slot through it, and on the
upper edge a set of upright pins xxxx. The detached Figure 6 is a plan
and side form of a saw guide lever c 3, made with a fork in one end; with this
the workman is to guide the saw c 8, by placing the lever through the slot
in the bar c 2, and directing the saw by the fork so as that the saw shall

page_text: follow the curve at any time on the log, by giving the saw a limited rotary
motion on the centre pin c 6. A small keeper piece z, with a fork is so secured
by a slot and screw on the sling c 5, with the fork above the saw chops c7,
that by sliding the fork down, so as to ride the chops, the saw will be kept
in a straight course when needful to do so. In Figure 7, c 4, is a small lever
to lie between the pins ++++ on the bar c 2, and enable the workman to
relieve the saw frame if it should not slide freely by the sockets m on the saw
gate. When in work the bar c 2 is to be adjusted on the projections c 1, close
above the log to sustain the lever c 3, near the cut. The detached Figure 5
is an elevation of a head block, fitted with these improvements, by which the
machine is made to effect a cut with a compound bevil or winding face; in this
a 1 is the head block, secured on the carriage frames r9; a 2 are slide ways
across the machine to guide a cross slide, forming a dog carriage a 3, which has
a return flanch behind, the tip of which passes beneath a slide piece at the back
part of the head block to prevent any lifting of the back of the dog carriage
a 3, see Figures 1 and 2; a rack 9 is secured to the under side of the carriage
a 3, and a pinion 10, on a shaft 11, within the head block gears into the rack y
so as to allow of the carriage a 3 being moved by hand by a small crank
handle; these parts are necessarily shown partially by dotted lines in Figures
1, 2, and 5. The rack 9 may be set in the head block, and the shaft 11 and
pinion 10, on the under side of the carriage a 3, if found most convenient; a
rotary shaft a 4 is fitted into socket journals on the dog carriage a 3, so that it
has on it the eye of the gauge bar a 7, behind the four-claw holding dog á 5; a
stop piece a 6 is fitted to enter between any two claws or prongs of the dog a 5,
and by a connecting screw through a segment slot the stop piece a 6 connects the
shaft a 4, dog a 5, and gauge bar a 7, so that the dog can only move round
with its shaft as it is controlled by, the gauge bar; this is made with holes, through
which a bolt and nut connect it through a long slot to the index arm a 8; the upper
end of this has a short slot through which a bolt secures it to the apex of the
quadrant frame a 9, the legs of this are secured on or in the head block a 1, and
the lower end of the index arm a 8 is connected at 61 by a nut to a screw shaft
62; this works across the machine in the journals beneath the head block, and
carries also a pinion 6 3, which gears into a tooth rack 6 4, on the bed piece inside
the frame c. The mounting of the index arm a 8 may be varied by making the
upper end with a pin to move in a slot in the apex of the quadrant frame, instead
of a pin in the frame and a slot through the arın, and a pivot may be made in
a moveable clamp secured by screws over the back of the index arm a 8, with
the pivot through the slot taking into a slot in the gauge bar a 7, instead of
a bolt or pin through holes in the gauge bar; or any similar means of connecting.

page_text: these parts may be used, which shall have the same practical effect when in
operation. Fig. 11 represents a leading and 'moveable head block d 1, fitted
with a lip d2 to take the weight of the outer end of the log, and with a kerf
d3 cut from the front of the lip d2 into the head block to pass the saw in and
allow the lip d'2 'to project between the sides of the saw gate and frame, and
before the saw when it is to receive that end of the-log for the dog to enter.
This head-block may be fitted with the cross slide a 2, carriage a 3, rotary shaft
and socket journals a 4, and four-claw holding dog a 5, and with the rack 9,
pinion 10, and shaft 11, as in the first or follower head block; or rotary shaft
and dog may be fixed on the head-block d 1, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4. The
detached Fig. 8 represents a means of sustaining the bight of a crooked log,
when placed between the rotary holding dogs, so as to relieve the strain, with
which the tendency of the bight of the crooked log to turn downwards by its
own weight will operate on the dogs and rotary gear. In this Figure-b is a
fulcrum on the carriage framer 9, 'sustaining a hook-pointed lever 65, with a
balance weight 67 hung on a slide eye taking into notches on the lever, and
operating like a steelyard. The hook point of the lever is shown as sustaining
the bight of a crooked log 68, shown sectionally, as it would appear in use
with the log on the dogs, so that by moving the weight the power to support
the log may be effectually regulated. When the machine is thus prepared,
and the log to be sawed is in its place between the dogs and the lines or curves
marked by which the saw is to cut 'the linear shape, the attending workman is
to guide the saw when in motion with the forked lever c 3, Fig. 6, by placing
it through the slot on the bar c 2 and giving the saw such a limited rotary
motion on the centre pins c 6 as will follow the curves marked on the log, and
when these are very abrupt, a narrow saw with a wide set of teeth will be
needful. The saw, with its frame and sockets, will slide laterally on the upper
and lower stretchers of the saw gate, as the workman directs the saw in the curve
of the cut, and any slight check to this motion may be removed by the workman
using the lever c 4, see Fig. 7, between the pins ++++ and against one
side of the saw frame. The length of the log, and the amount of the required
bevel, or progressingly increasing bevel, being known, the index arm a 8 and
gauge bar a 7 are to be set and connected together, that the number of turns
made by the pinion 63 and screw shaft b2 in the length of the log, by the
pinion moving in the rack 64, shall carry the index arm a 8 by the nut 61
such a distance as to move the gauge bar a 7 from the commencing position
gradually to the position which will give the amount of bevel required at the
finish of the cut; and the tie or connection made between the gauge bar a 7
and the rotary dog a 8, by slotted stop piece a 6, compels the dog and log to

page_text: rotate with the motion of the gauge bar, and the saw will form the face of the
wood with a clean bevelled or winding cut, as required. In other words the
number of turns made by the pinion 63 and screw shaft 62 in any given
length of log and rack 6 4 being known, the extent of motion of the nut 61
will also be known, and from the extent of motion at any part of the index
arm a 8 will be known, then if the gauge bar a 7 be jointed at that part of the
extent of rotary motion of the guage bar will be the same, and the dog,and log
will rotate to the same extent, so that the saw will form a winding face on the
log, arithmetically and certainly the same in the difference between the com-.
mencement and finish of the cut. By these means timber.may be converted
into any required form for any given purpose, cheaply, expeditiously, and
certainly, in many cases, with a considerable saving of material in the
shape of valuable timber. The means of reversing the motion of the index
arm a 8 and gauge bar a 7 are to be furnished by the changeable arrange-
ment of the pinion 63 with the rack 64 shown in the detached Figs. 12,
13, and 14. In these the screw shaft 62 is shown with the pinions 63
on it, as before, but placed on it so as to come one side of the rack 64;
and not gear into it; a lever d4 is fixed with a fulcrum beneath or within
the head block, and has a forked end in which the wide pinion d5 is mounted;
so that one-half the width of the pinion gears into the rack 64 below, and
the other half into the pinion 63 in front; the hand end of this lever is
to overlie two pins (see Fig. 13) which may be set into some near and con-
venient fixture in the head block; while in this position the lever d 4 holds the
pinion d 5 into gear with the pinion 63 and rack 64, and the pinion and screw
shaft 62 will work in the contrary direction to that which they would take if
the pinion 63 geared into the rack 64. By placing the hand end of the lever
d4 beneath the pins shown in Fig. 13, the pinion d5 is lifted out of gear with
the rack 64 and left at liberty to run as the pinion 63 may carry it. On the
outer end of the shaft 62 and outside the rack 64 is a second pinion do made
to slide on the shaft 62 by a feather key, and having a clutch on the centre,
with the fork of the vertical lever d7 in it. The fulcrum of this lever is
to be set on or above the head block, that by moving the lever in the direction
of the arrow Fig. 14, the fork and clutch will slide the pinion d 6 on the
shaft 62 and into gear with the rack 64, thereby reversing the motion of
the shaft and screw 62 and that of the index arm and gauge bar, so as to turn
the dog and log in the opposite direction. By these means, used successively,
a log may be shaped with a compound of various bevels in the face of the cut,
according to the requirements for use, and at the discretion of the workman;
and the mode of making these changes may be varied to suit the construction

page_text: and convenience of different mills by using any other competent mechanical
means to effect the same object. In constructing the rotary gear for bevilling
the cut on the face of a log, a mode of fitting, that will be more easily under-
stood and used by ordinary workmen, as shown on Sheet 2 of the accompanying
Drawings, wherein Fig. 15 is a plan of the parts below the line 13, 14. see
Figures 16, 17, and 18. Fig. 16 is a longitudinal and sectional elevation;
Fig. 17 an end elevation seen from the end G of the Figure 15 and 16.
Fig. 18 is a similar end elevation seen from the end II, and Fig. 19 is a plan
of the bevelling apparatus at and above the line 13, 14, see Figures 16, 17,
and 18. The head block a¹, cross slide a², and cross slide carriage a³, pinion 10,
and shaft 11, and rotary dog shaft a* are all fitted as in the other figures, but in
these figures the rotary dog a" is made as a disc carrying the claws, and this is
placed directly on a circular slotted disc a, at the lower end of the index arm a.
To this it is secured by a screw 12; and both discs are mounted on the rotary
dog shaft a*; in this mode the disc a and arm a' take the place of the stop piece
a and gauge bar a', and the arm or lever a² is sustained lengthwise of the
machine by going through the slot in a plate as mounted on the front upper
side of the lintel in the frame a", which supersedes the quadrant frame before
described. Behind and above this over the head block is a slotted platform I,
fitted between the main frames to carry a small journal box 6 1, mounted on a
wide slotted flanch 62, and through the two slots a screw pin 63, with a wide
head above and a butterfly nut below, secures the box 6' and flanch 62 on the
platform I. The box 6' carries the arbor on this end of a slotted bar 64, which
carries a sliding pad 65. This has a hole through which the upper end of the
index arm or bevelling lever a 7 passes. Between the fender posts or standards
D, D, a slotted bar K is fitted to carry a small journal box 66, which receives
this end of the bar 64, the box 66 itself being mounted on a flanch overlying
the bar K, and secured at any part by a screw and butterfly nut 67. When
the dotted line on the centre of the bevel bar or lever a and longitudinal
centre of the bar 64 are coincident with the vertical line made by the tongue
of a square placed on the slotted bar a 8, the sawing work will be vertical
throughout. But if it be required to saw any given twist or compound bevel
on any face of a log, the workman first dogs the timber centrally true, and so
that the saw shall enter vertically fair with the required face at the fore end
of the log. The workman then takes a common shifting bevel square,
and placing it to the bevel required on the back end of the log, he places
the stock on the upper side of the lintel of the frame aº, or on the slotted
bar a 8, and sets the centre line on the lever or arm a 7, to coincide with
the edge on the tongue of the bevel; having done this he secures the

page_text: dises a 5 and a 6 together by the screw 12. This operation determines the
position at this end of the slotted bar 64, and the workman placing the other
end on the bar K, with the centre in line with the centre of the rotary dog
shaft that carries the fore end of the log, he secures both ends of the bar 64 by
the screws and nuts 6.7 and 63. In this situation, when set to work the
slotted bar 6 4, being a fixture independent of the head block, will lead the lever.
or arm a 7, and force it to roll the log progressively in the direction of the
required bevel as the log and head block progress to the saw, the frame a 9
and the slotted a 8 keeping the lever bar a 7 from changing by inclining
backward or forward lengthwise of the machine, and the bar a 7 will have the
centre entirely vertical at the finishing the cut. But if any required bevel be
so considerable that it cannot be cut by one setting over the head block, then
a corresponding preparation must be had to set the fore end of the bar 6 4 out
of centre with the forward dog shaft so much as shall make up the required
bevel. The range on these parts is indicated by the dotted cross lines in
Fig. 19, and it will be seen that by setting the parts so as to bring any given
part of a log to a perpendicular under the longitudinal centre of the bevelling
bar 6*, the machine will saw with a given bevel to that given point on the log,
the workman can then by slackening the screw 12 change the bevelling lever
a7 to saw a greater or less bevel from the first point to another point, and in
this manner any required successive variation of bevelled face may be cut on
any log. And by making the slotted bar K moveable in any convenient way
beneath the longitudinal timbers of the machine, and fitting the bar b' with a
slide cap, having a universal joint on the flanch on the bar K, any amount of
bevel may be attained in any given length; or the same effect may be produced by
making the connection permanent between the bar K and the bar b', and
allowing the other end of the bar 6' to slide in a jointed pad moveable cross-
wise on the platform I, the position of the bar K being adjustable in any
convenient manner beneath the longitudinal timbers of the machine. I do not
intend to confine myself to the use of a circular disc for the claws or holding
dogs, nor to restrict myself to the use of a slotted bevelling bar, as I intend to
use a frame or cross for the dogs and claws, or a round slide bar for the
bevelling bar, and to vary the forms of these parts to suit any required kind of
work in any way that retains the substantial principles of the mechanical
actions herein described.
But what I claim with respect to the machinery exhibited in Sheet 2 of
the Drawings, is the mode of mounting and combining the rotary dog disc a³,
slotted disc a, index arm or bevelling bar a', and slotted guide bar a³, and
the further combination of these parts with the slotted platform I, and slotted

page_text: bevelling bar 6', and the mode of fixing the desired bevel on the face of a dog
by the use of a bevel square combined with the slotted bar a and frame. a",
the whole constructed, fitting, and working substantially as herein described.
And with respect to the machinery in Sheet 1, I do not mean to confine
myself to the mode herein described of mounting the saw frame, by sliding
sockets on the saw gate stretchers, to obtain a controllable lateral motion of the
saw frame and saw, but to employ any other similar mechanical means that
may be the same in effect though varying in the precise form; nor do I mean
to confine myself to the exact mode described and shewn of driving the saw
and the connected apparatus by power communicated from above the saw and
fixed framing as the driving power can be communicated or connected from
below by any common and well-known mechanical means now in use, without
any substantial departure from the general arrangement herein described; nor
do I intend to limit myself to the precise mode of mounting and guiding the
saw gate on the frame E, as it may be mounted in metal or wood in various
ways; nor do I confine myself to the use of the rotary guiding apparatus of
the head block at one end of the machine, but I intend to use a full set at
each end when needful, I also intend to use a series of saws in the saw frame
when the nature of the work in progress allows or requires more than one
saw; I also intend to provide and attach dividing plates and indices on the
rotary shaft of the dogs, so as to saw logs into masts, or for other purposes,
with any defined or required number of sides, and with any required amount
of taper in the length; and I do not intend to limit myself to the particular
material for constructing the machine described herein, or shewn in the
Drawings, but I intend to use wood or metal for either the fixed or motive
parts, or for both, as may be convenient or proper.
I do not claim any of the separate parts used in the construction of the
whole machinery herein described, all of such separate parts being well known,
and in general use for various mechanical purposes; neither do I claim herein
the mode of mounting the saw and chop c 7 in the slings, by the centre bolts
c6, as a means to allow the saw a rotary motion, or a direction other than a
straight line.
But what I do claim is as follows:-
First, the mode of mounting the saw c 8 in an interior frame, supported
within the saw gate, and enabled to slide laterally on the head piece h and foot
piece k of the saw gate, by the sockets m, m, m, m, and the guiding the saw with
the forked guide lever c 3, for the purpose of enabling the attending workman
to control and direct the lateral movement of the saw frame and saw, and at
the same time direct the saw c 8 at any required angle with the frame, in or

page_text: by any required course or line formed on the log, when such mode of mounting
and guiding are employed to effect either straight or curvilinear sawing of
timber, including any merely mechanical variations that shall be substantially
the same in construction, operation, and effect.
Second, the application of the rotary shaft a 4, rotary holding dog a 5, stop
piece a 6, and gauge bar a 7, to form the means of giving a rotary motion
through the leverage of the gauge bar a 7, to a log of timber while supported
by the dog a 5; and the application of the index arm a 8, quadrant frame a 9,
nut 6 1, screw shaft 62, pinion 6 3, and rack 6 4, to the purpose of controlling
the motion of the gauge bar a 7, and through that directing the rotary motion
of the log while sawing, including the means of reversing this motion by the
levers d 4 and d 7, and pinions d 5 and d 6, when such parts are so applied
to saw timber with a simple bevel face to the cut, or with a face to the cut,
termed a winding face, or compound of bevels; the whole of such parts being
constructed, connected, applied, and operating to cut timber as herein-before
set forth, including any merely mechanical variations that shall be substantially
the same in construction, operation, and effect.
In witness whereof, I, the said Junius Smith, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-three.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fifth day of July, in the seventh
year of the reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, the said Junius Smith came
before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the
instrument aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and speci-
fied, in form above written. And also the instrument aforesaid was stamped
according to the tenor of the Statute made in the fifty-fifth year of the reign of
His late Majesty King George the Third.