AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR A METHOD OF PURIFYING, CLARIFYING, AND RE- FINING VEGETABLE EXTRACTS
Year: 1844

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JULES
THIEBAULD DE LA CROUÉE, of Princes Court, London, Merchant, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Nineteenth day of March, in the seventh year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Jules Thiebauld de la Crouée, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege.
and authority, that I, the said Jules Thiebauld de la Crouéé, my exors,
admňors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Jules Thiebauld de la
Crouée, my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, the Invention of
"AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR A METHOD OF PURIFYING, CLARIFYING, AND RE-
FINING VEGETABLE EXTRACTS," communicated to me by a certain Foreigner
residing abroad; in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that
I, the said Jules Thiebauld de la Crouée, shall cause a particular description
of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be enrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being there-
unto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Jules Thiebauld de la Crouée, do hereby declare that the nature of my
said Invention, communicated to me by Charles Illy, and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, are fully described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto
annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say:-
Figure 1 shews a section of the apparatus. A represents the opening,
which is closed by a screw lid, by which the vegetable extract is put in the
vessel. B, B, are two cocks for the air and steam to escape. C, the safety
valve. D, an apparatus to give pressure to the liquid in the vessels, by means
of air or steam in order to facilitate the running of the liquid. This apparatus
is shewn separately at Figure 3. Note, an air pump communicating with
the apparatus by means of a connecting screw at G, might be employed for
this purpose. E, are two cocks to supply steam or air to the pipes placed at
the bottom and by the side of the bags M. F, cock and pipe to supply the
air or steam. G, connecting screw which joins and separates the supply pipe
F, when the lid of the apparatus is raised up or put down. H are two pipes
through which the steam or air passes to make the wash of the residues, one
of which acts at the bottom of the apparatus and the other on the sides; they
both are attached to the cylinder N. I are the supports on which the
apparatus rests. J are two flat hoops, one of them is rivetted to the body
of the apparatus U, and the other to the lid O. K are screws to keep the
apparatus firmly closed. L is a perforated plate to allow the liquid to run
between the bags M and the boiler U. M, two bags of linen or other
suitable material, having a flat band on the top, which being pressed by the
two hoops J, between the boiler U and its lid O, connects them together
and secures the closing. The residues remain at the bottom of the bags after
the running of the liquid filtered. N is a slight conical cylinder without
bottom rivetted to the lid of the apparatus; the object of it is to maintain the
air or steam in its interior, in order to press the liquid and force to pass through
the bags and run away through the emptying cock Q. It has also the ad-
vantage of forcing the liquid to pass through the whole coat of animal black
in order to clear and purify it well, and besides it increases the filtrating parts
in all the circumference and sides of the apparatus; it is in all its length two
or three inches above the perforated plate of the bottom T, to prevent the
residues from hardening before the liquid filtrered has gone out of the appa
ratus which would infallibly prevent the filtration. Note, the piece N, being
indispensable and of the utmost importance in the apparatus, I must enter
into a further description. O is the lid of the apparatus rivetted to the

page_text: cylinder N. P is a float to indicate the height of the liquid in the apparatus.
Qis the emptying cock for the escape of the syrup and of the wash waters.
R is a crane to raise up or let down the lid of the apparatus and the internal
part of the apparatus. S is a pipe to introduce the air from a blowing appa-
ratus, or the steam from a generator. T is a perforated plate placed at the
bottom of the apparatus for the same use as the plate L. U is the boiler or
body of the apparatus.
Mode of Operating.-The cocks B for letting out the air being opened to
receive through the opening A the coarse syrup, and after it has settled
a moment in the apparatus the cock Q is opened to let that liquid filtrered
run down, and if it is wished to accelerate the running and press the liquid
the pressure is given by the means already mentioned. The coarse
liquid continues then to be received till I am ready to make the wash of
the animal black, or any residue whatever deposited at the bottom of the
bags.
Mode of Making the Wash.-A quantity of water more or less is admitted
in proportion to the quantity of animal black or other matter contained in the
apparatus. Steam or air is then introduced into the pipe H in order to stir.
up the residues with the water and operate thus upon the wash. After that
the pressure is given to let out the water, which has served for the wash, and
I begin again to receive water till it runs without any sweetness. To take off
the apparatus the screw pressers are released, and the residues may be cleared
out and the bags changed, and the apparatus is then put up again as before
explained at Figure 1 in order to continue the operations.
Advantages of the Apparatus.-I obtain a brilliant, clear, and limped syrup,
running to a very high degree of density, and by that means I reach more
quickly with less combustible waste and more whiteness, the degree necessary
for chrystallization. I obtain a quicker and more easy filtration by pressure,
and the syrup having to pass through the whole coat of animal black, or any
other matter fit for purifying, deposited at the bottom of the apparatus, it
becomes perfectly clean, and therefore runs off more brilliant and more limped
than by usual modes. All chemists having ascertained that the more we
divide and multiply the parts that serve to clarify and purify the more advan-
tageous are the results we derive from the liquid that is to be refined, I offer
as a great advantage the faculty of being enabled without any difficulty
to increase ad libitum the quantity of thin black, and thus succeed in making
the liquid brilliant and clear enough, without having recourse to any other
apparatus, such as those with grained black or any other. There is a saving
of capital and in the repairs of canvass, two bags being sufficient for the

page_text: apparatus, whereas the other means require a great many. The wash and
pressure of the animal black and residues are done in the apparatus itself
without having recourse to other means for that operation, and the residues
are taken out dry and without any sweetness. The waters of the wash run
to nought, and half the quantity is required less than by the usual means. To
sum up the advantages of the apparatus, there is a saving of work and fuel,
there is less waste, the work is more regular, and there is more work done
within the same time. Figure 2 shews another form and arrangement that
may be given to the apparatus, in which all the cocks and accessarios that are
pointed out and placed above are dispensed with. Although I shew this
arrangement I prefer to use the one described in Figure 1 to any other. In
this other form the apparatus is uncovered; the internal parts of it may be
seen even while it is working. In order to make this alteration, instead of
pressing the top of the apparatus when closed, it will be requisite, by means of
a suction under the apparatus made with a pump, to hasten and facilitate the
running of the liquid, or else to have a recipient in which the partial vacuum
would be made in order to withdraw the liquid contained in the apparatus.
This same recipient might serve as juice ascender in case it should be useful
to make the liquid filtred ascend by means of any pressure whatever; the
vacuum would be made in that recipient either by introducing steam therein,
in order to drive away the air, or by means of a pump or that of the
apparatus D.
Description of the Pieces composing the Apparatus.-Figure 2 without a lid.
B is a cock for the escape of the air. E are two cocks to supply steam or
air to the wash pipes placed at the bottom and sides of the apparatus. G, the
connecting screw. F, the cock and pipes for supplying air or steam. H, two
pipes, through which the steam passes to make the wash. J, two flat hoops, one
of which is rivitted to the body of the apparatus, and the other to the cylinder N.
K are screw pressers to fix the two hoops together. L, plate with its bottom.
M, two canvass bags. N, cylinder, without bottom and without lid, receiving in
its interior the coarse liquid to be aspirated under the apparatus. Q is the
emptying cock. S is the pipe through which the air or steam is supplied to
the apparatus. A, A, is a chamber where the vacuum is obtained, when it is
to be employed for aspirating under the apparatus. C, C, is the manometer.
The mode of operating for the apparatus Figure 2 being the same as that of
Figure 1, except the cocks and accessories which are suppressed in it, I
think it useless to give further instructions.
Observations. The use of my Invention is particularly applicable to sugar
bakers and refiners. It may also be used if, instead of employing animal

page_text: black in powder or in grain, together or separately from each other, you
employed any other matter or ingredient whatever that has the faculty of
whitening, purifying, and clarifying extracts. I reserve also to myself the
right of making the apparatus with copper or iron or other suitable material,
and of changing the shape of it, and I do not confine myself to the means already
pointed out of supplying air and steam to the apparatus. Although several
pieces and parts which compose the apparatus are not new, I reserve, however,
to myself the priority in the combination and application of the means which
I employ, which in their whole together give the advantages which I have
mentioned. Thus the apparatus introducing air by the throwing of steam D,
the pipes H, the pressure made in a closed vessel, the mode of sucking the
liquid underneath with a pump, or else by making the vacuum in a separate
chamber, &c., are things already known; but as it is evident that it is the com-
bination and reunion of those means that give to the apparatus the advantages
which it possesses, I reserve to myself all the rights thereto.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jules Thiebauld de la Crouée, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of *
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-four.
in the
JULES (LS.) THIEBAULD DE LA CROUEE.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Eighteenth day of September,
in the year of our Lord 1844, the aforesaid Jules Thiebauld de la
Crouée came before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and
acknowledged the Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein
contained and specified, in form above written. And also the Specification
aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made for
that purpose.
Enrolled the Nineteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-four.