matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BRUSH MAKERS' SHEARS, AND IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR SHEARING BRUSHES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Kinley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th October 1880.
JOSEPH KINLEY, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF BRUSH MAKERS' SHEARS, AND IN THE METHOD OF AND
APPARATUS FOR SHEARING BRUSHES."
When
In brush makers' shears of the present construction the bottom or working blade
is in front, and the top fixed blade is at the back, and whon a pattern is used for
regulating the length of the bristles it is fixed on the working front blade.
cylindrical brushes are sheared the brush is supported in two slotted brackets and
moved by hand to the shears; the thickness of the lower blade is between the
brush and the cutting edge, and while shearing the working blade presses against
the bristles, moves them out of their normal position, and causes them to be cut of
unequal length.
I make the shears with the lower or working blade at the back, so that while
shearing the working blade does not come between the brush and the cutting edge,
consequently the bristles are not pressed aside, and they are cut evenly.
In cutting cylindrical brushes or other brushes with the bristles radiating from
the stock, I place the brush on a spindle supported in the centres of a lathe, or
other suitable bearings, and form the shears with the handle and fixed shank
cranked, the latter being fixed in a slide rest, so that the front fixed blade acts as
a straight edge against which the bristles are cut by the action of the bottom or
working blade which is at the back; the shears can be adjusted at any distance
from the centre of the brush and can be traversed longitudinally; by this moans
brushes may be cut perfectly round. I make the top fixed blade of a suitable taper
to avoid undue pressure on the brush being sheared.
IMPROVED METHOD OF ADVERTISING
Year: 1880

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick John Brougham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th December 1880. A com-
munication from abroad by Monsieur Ferdinand Debaise, of Paris, France.
FREDERICK JOHN BROUGHAM, of 7, Whitehall Place, in the City of Westminster.
"IMPROVED METHOD OF ADVERTISING." (A communication from abroad by
Monsieur Ferdinand Debaise, of Paris, France.)
This Invention relates to a novel method of advertising, and consists in painting
upon or applying directly to the exterior surfaces of cabs or ordinary hired vehicles
different kinds of advertisements or notices arranged in divisions.
Hitherto advertising by means of vehicles has been effected either by special
vehicles carrying advertisements executed on sheets, hand bills, or placards, or by
private persons placing their names, addresses, and other commercial announcements
on their own vehicles.
This system of advertising has for its basis the employment of cabs or public
vehicles covered with advertisements, notices, or colored programmes, within divisions
or borders of any form traced on the whole of its available exterior surface and
applied directly to the vehicle.
The revenue receivable from this application of advertisements to cabs or hired
vehicles allows of the fares being reduced.
MENTS IN STOCKING AND SOCK SUSPENDERS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Manning Knight at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd September 1880.
HENRY MANNING KNIGHT, of Surbiton, in the County of Surrey.
MENTS IN STOCKING AND SOCK SUSPENDERS."
"IMPROVE-
My Invention refers to suspenders for stockings and socks, whereby I obtain
simplicity of construction, and security and comfort when in use.
The apparatus is composed of a pair of jaws, protected by rubber, if desired, for
clipping the edge of stocking or sock, and between which jaws the top edge or any
other suitable part of the stocking or sock is placed; the outer ends of both jaws
aro curved or bent over, one somewhat more than the other, so that when they
come together one overlaps the other to a slight extent; at any rate one jaw is
stamped out in a piece with the frame to which the strap going up to the waist of
the wearer is connected in the ordinary way; the tail end of the other jaw is
formed with a portion slotted like a harmonium reed, and this causes it to produce
a spring-like action on the tail end of a hinge piece, which when the latter
is turned over, presses down the spring of the jaw and acts as the hinge now
commonly used for securing the strap in braces or suspenders; by this means the
jaws firmly hold the stocking or sock in position; but to release same, it is only
necessary to raise the hinge piece, and the jaws open. The curved ends of the jaws
and the frame edges, which are also curved or turned over, effectually prevent any
undue friction to the person of the wearer, which has heretofore been found
objectionable in some stocking suspenders as now made. To increase the holding
or gripping action of the pair of jaws, one of them may have the side edges turned
up. I am aware that a hinged plate has been used in suspenders of this class, but
such a plate is not new in itself, as before stated. I lay no claim to such plate
when taken alone, as it is common property.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING CLAY INTO BLOCKS FOR MAKING BRICKS AND TILES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Woodhouse at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th June 1880.
ALFRED WOODHOUSE, of Dunball, Bridgwater, in the County of Somerset, Civil
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING CLAY INTO BLOCKS FOR
MAKING BRICKS AND TILES."
My Invention relates to apparatus in which a streak of clay is cut up into
bricks or tiles by means of wires or cutters, and the object of the improvement
is to ensure true and clean cut arrises, and avoid the roughnesses and irregularities
produced by forcing the clay through stationary wires as now practised. According
to my Invention the streak of clay is delivered through the die, and moved forwards
in the usual way to the cutting table, where it is forced against a row of cutters or
knives consisting either of fine spring steel or wires stretched in a frame, fitted in
and held by guides to the cutting table, and so constructed and arranged as to
slide up and down in grooves in the said table, so that by the same movement that
brings the clay forward the cutters shall be brought downwards and pulled through
the clay. A drawing motion is thus imparted to the cutters, whereby the clay is
divided with a regular and smooth cut.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR DEVELOPING THE ELECTRIC LIGHT
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Clark at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th January 1880.
JOHN CLARK, of 104, Bramley Road, Kensington, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer. "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR DEVELOPING THE ELECTRIC LIGHT."
The object of my said Invention is to provide a simpler compound of asbestos
for forming the burner of electric lamps than the burner described in my Speci-
fication of a Patent, dated October 9th, 1878, Number 3991; and in inclosing my
improved burner in a surrounding globe filled with carbonic acid gas or water, to
prevent such burner from being consumed by contact with the oxygen of the air
surrounding it.
In carrying this Invention into practice, I make my burner of a compound or
union of the material called asbestos with paper, cardboard, or materials commonly
used for their manufacture; I prefer to make the said compound in a pulp, and
then make it into sheets or pieces, similar to paper or cardboard; I then cut
such pieces to any required shape, and bake or further prepare them by heating
or roasting them in suitable cases, 80 as to eliminate any matter therein,
excepting the asbestos and the carbon residue of such paper or cardboard. The
roasting or charring may be effected in cases in vaccuo, and under any necessary
pressure to render the said compound concrete and compact.
I connect the said prepared pieces or burners with suitable wires so as to conduct
the electric current to pass through them, and thereby to render the same incan-
descent to furnish electric light, either in connection with my system of subdivided
current-wires, as described in the beforementioned Specification, or in connection
with any system of electric wires arranged for the purpose of developing light.
I enclose my improved burner in a globe, which I fill in any convenient manner
with carbonic acid gas or water, so as to prevent such burners being consumed
through contact with the oxygen of the surrounding air.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LATHS FOR SCREW CUTTING
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Cawthron and Walter
Fearnehough at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
29th November 1880.
THOMAS CAWTHRON and WALTER FEARNEHOUGH, both of Sheffield, in the County
of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LATHS FOR SCREW CUTTING."
• 65
This Invention relates to improvements in lathes for screwcutting, the object
being to enable the workman to cut any bastard thread screws with ease and
certainty, without stopping or reversing the lathe, by the simple use of a set of
index wheels and pinion, or their equivalent, driven by the guide screw.
In carrying out our Invention as applied to an ordinary screw cutting lathe, for
example, we fit upon the guide screw at the end nearest the fast headstock a
pinion, by preference having twenty teeth (or if desirable it may be cut out of the
solid metal of the guide screw), and in such a position that an index wheel, carried
by a moveable stud secured to the swing plate, may be readily brought into gear
with it. The pinion is intended to be permanently fixed to the screw, but the stud
carrying the index wheel may be adjustable so as to suit index wheels of different
diameters. The wheel and pinion are each provided with a finger or indicator, and
the clutch box is to be closed on the guide screw when the fingers or indicators
meet during their revolutions.
To cut a pitch single thread screw, for example, the pinion on the guide
screw having 20 teeth, and index having 60 teeth would be put on the adjustable
stud attached to the swing plate, and brought into gear with the pinion, and the
fingers or indicators brought together. The saddle would then be run back to
some marked distance (such as the back headstock), and where the clutch box will
engage readily with the screw, start the lathe and take one cut, draw out the
tool, release the clutch, and wind back the saddle to the starting point, and when
the finger on the index wheel is again opposite that on the pinion, throw in the
clutch and take another cut, and so on, thus no stoppage of the lathe is necessary.
The pinion and index wheel may be placed at any convenient position, such as
at the opposite end of the lathe, but we have described what we consider the most
convenient position for the operator. A worm and worm wheel, or a faceplate
with studs may be used in place of the ordinary toothed wheels, as described. Our
Invention is also useful in enabling screws with two or more threads to be cut
with ease, and in such cases it may be desirable to have the index wheels provided
with more than one finger, which may be numbered consecutively.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF DRIVING SCREW PROPELLERS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Horatio Frederick Phillips at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th October 1880.
HORATIO FREDERICK PHILLIPS, of Rotherhithe, in the County of Surrey.
"AN IMPROVED MODE OF DRIVING SCREW PROPELLERS."
It is well known that to obtain the best results from a screw propeller the pitch
should be about 1½ times the diameter, and that in large ships the screw shaft
only makes about 60 revolutions per minute. As the engine shaft is coupled to
the screw shaft both revolve at the same speed. This mode of driving the screw
has the effect of keeping down the engine speed, and consequently keeping up the
size and weight of the engine to render it equal to its work.
The engine cranks have a short throw and large journals and crank pins, and a
large portion of stroke of the piston at the beginning is lost through friction.
The screw shaft instead of being turned by a continuous force is forced round
in a manner to distress the metal of which the engine and screw shafts are
composed, thus rendering them liable to break down at sea in tempestuous weather.
To obviate these defects, I propose to employ a small engine running at a great
speed and connected with the screw shaft in any well known manner, so that the
engine shaft shall make two or more revolutions to one of the screw shaft. This
will have the effect of turning the screw shaft with a nearly equable force, and the
moving parts under strain will thus be less liable to break.
The engine must be accurately balanced, and it will then run at a high speed
with perfect steadiness.
The working part of the engine I prefer to enclose in an air tight casing fitted
with glass panels so as to exclude dust, and these working parts I propose to bathe
with oil by means of a pump. The oil may be used over and over again after
being filtered and cooled by water passing to the condenser.
The advantages to be derived from this Invention are as follows:-The motive
power machinery will be lighter than heretofore and less bulky. It will also be
less likely to break down, a small force acting with high speed being substituted
for a great force acting with a slower speed, and loss of heat by radiation and
internal cooling (which is very great in slow moving engines) will be greatly
lessened, and an economy of fuel will thereby be effected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS ENGINES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Johnson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th March 1880.
ROBERT JOHNSON, of Seedley, near Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS ENGINES."
This Invention relates to gas engines in which the motive power is produced by
causing a mixture of gas and air to explode, at the pressure of the atmosphere,
between two pistons working in opposite directions, one of which is generally called
the working piston and is connected to the crank shaft, and the other the loose
piston and unconnected.
My improvements in gas engines of the above description consist in working by
explosion at the pressure of the atmosphere, having both pistons connected to the
crank shaft, and this is done by adding two additional cranks to the crank shaft
and connecting them with the former loose piston by connecting rods, thus making
them both into working pistons; by this means double the force of the explosion
is brought to bear on the crank shaft than is the case when one of the pistons
works loose as heretofore customary; vacuum is obtained on the return stroke,
which can be improved by causing water to circulate about the cylinder.
IN WATERPROOF GARMENTS."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isidor Frankenburg at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th November 1880.
ISIDOR FRANKENBURG, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster.
IN WATERPROOF GARMENTS."
"IMPROVEMENTS
My Invention consists in making overcoats, cloaks, mantles, leggings, and other
garments of waterproof fabric combined with imitation fur, plush, seal, real fur, or
other hairy lining. I take a piece of cloth and waterproof it, and coat one sido of
it with a solution of india rubber and other ingredients, and I then take a piece of
plush, seal, or fur and coat the back of it with a similar solution; the waterproof
fabric and the plush or fur are then placed with the sides coated with the solution
together and passed between rollers, and the solution with which they are coated
causes them to adhere to each other.
Or I waterproof the cloth in the ordinary way, and attach the fur or other lining
only at the edges and seams.
This combined fabric is then made into garments which resist both cold and
wet.
THE APPLICATION OF THE TIDES AS MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Victor Paul Lambert and Louis
Eugène Iverneau at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th
January 1880.
VICTOR PAUL LAMBERT and LOUIS EUGÈNE IVERNEAU, Engineers, of Paris, in
France. "THE APPLICATION OF THE TIDES AS MOTIVE POWER."
The object of our Invention is the application of the tides as motive power for
storing compressed air to be used for working or driving submarine or other
vessels, fixed or portable engines, locomotives, electrical machines, and other
machines or apparatuses.
At the mouth of a suitable creek or cove we form a dyke or dam, completely
closing it, the elevation of this dam being regulated by the average height of the
tides in the locality, and its thickness being much greater at the base than at the
summit, so as to offer a very oblique surface to the action of the waves.
A reservoir is so placed that it will be filled at high tide, and from this reservoir
water will be led into a turbine placed a little higher than the level of the sea at
low water.
This turbine set in motion by the water from the reservoir drives pistons, which
will store up air at a high pressure in conveniently placed receivers.
We propose to construct a boat or vessel to be driven by compressed air of a
cylinder terminating in two cones, the whole being of sheet steel or other strong
metal. The interior of the submarine boat or vessel will be arranged as follows:-
With air chambers, which may vary in shape and dimensions, and several stages
or compartments for passengers and merchandise; also with a reservoir, permitting
the introduction of water to increase the weight of the vessel, and permit its being
sunk at pleasure to any desired depth. The vessel will be driven by an ordinary
cylinder engine worked by compressed air, and giving rotary motion to a screw
propeller.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MOULDING WHEELS AND OTHER SIMILAR CASTINGS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Whalley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th April 1880.
GEORGE WHALLEY, of Keighley, in the County of York, Machine Maker.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MOULDING WHEELS AND OTHER SIMILAR
CASTINGS."
The object of my Invention is to arrange an apparatus whereby I am enabled to
mould one or more wheels and pinions in the same box, the teeth of which vary in
width, and by a mechanical arrangement draw the patterns from the mould in
such a manner that the sand is kept compact, a perfect mould preserved, and the
patterns drawn at one and the same time.
I accomplish my object in the following manner-To the top table of my
apparatus and for each wheel pattern I secure an internal toothed rim that fits the
teeth of the wheel pattern, which are made to slide easily through. In another
portion of the top table I secure level with the face of the same a corresponding
number of plates shaped to form the other side of the wheel, and centrally with
each plate I secure an internal toothed rim that fits the teeth of the pinion.
On the top table surrounding the patterns I place the moulding box, which is
held in position by suitable pins, and filled with sand in the ordinary manner.
The wheel pattern is secured to an under table, which can be raised or lowered
by suitable gearing. The pinion is secured to a spindle that passes through the
under table, and is attached to a lever that is jointed to a fulcrum secured to the
said under table. This lever is so arranged that when the under table is lowered
the width of the wheel teeth, the pinion which is wider than the wheel, will travel
quicker and be drawn from the sand, and both wheel and pinion will be flush with
the face of the respective toothed rims when the under table is at the bottom of
its travel. At the time the patterns are being drawn from the sand the teeth in
tho toothed rims support the mould and prevent the teeth breaking down.
By taking two moulds and placing the boxes together with the pinions over
the wheels I am enabled to cast the wheels and pinions together centrally with
each other, the teeth in the pinion being wider than the teeth in the wheel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Greig and William Beadon, both of the Steam
Plough Works, Leeds, in the County of York, Engineers, for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Greig and William
Beadon at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th January
1880.
ALFRED GREIG and WILLIAM BEADON, both of the Steam Plough Works, Leeds,
in the County of York, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES."
Our Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of locomotive
engines. The usual construction of locomotives is to drive direct from the cylinders
to the crank shaft or driving axle. This arrangement is objectionable in small
wheeled engines, in as much as it necessitates all the working parts of the engine
to be too near the ground, and consequently subject to great wear and tear from
the dirt and dust.
We arrange the working parts so that the cylinder and crank shaft are placed
considerably above the driving wheel axle. The bearings of the crank shaft we
place above the bearings of the driving wheel axle, and we connect them rigidly by
means of a vertical sliding box or by other equivalent means, such sliding box being
made to contain the bearings of both crank shaft and driving axle. The crank
shaft we couple with the driving wheel axle by means of a vertical or nearly
vertical coupling rod, or transmit the power from the crank shaft to the driving
axle by gearing. The above mentioned sliding box works in long horn blocks
similar to the axle boxes on an ordinary locomotive, whilst the boiler cylinders and
frame are mounted on springs carried by the sliding boxes.
The cylinders and connecting rods of the engine are horizontal or nearly so, so
that the up and down movement of the sliding box between the horn plates does
not interfere with the crank shaft being driven by connecting rods from the
pistons.

page_text: with the axle e¹ of the driving wheels e by means of a pair of spur wheels which
take the place of the coupling rods h.
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention and the manner of
performing the same, we would have it understood that we claim,-
First. The construction of locomotive engines with the cylinders horizontal or
nearly so, and the piston rods coupled by connecting rods with cranks on a crank
shaft which is above the axle of the driving wheels, the bearings of the crank shaft
and the axle on either side being formed in a long box which supports the body of
the locomotive by springs, permitting of play in a vertical direction, also with the
crank shaft coupled with the axle of the driving wheels by a vertical or nearly
vertical coupling rod, or by gear wheels, substantially as described.
Second. The construction of locomotive engines, substantially as described and
represented by the annexed Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said Alfred Greig and William Beadon, have here-
unto set our hands and seals, this Twenty eighth day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING APPARATUS WITHI VERTICAL & HORIZONTAL DIVISIONS, APPLICABLE TO THE INSIDES OF CHIMNIES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Maurico Bauer at the Office of tho
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th July 1880. A communication from
Simon Suchet, of Vassy, Departement de la Haute Marne, Republic of France.
MAURICE BAUER, Civil Ingeincur, of tho Firm of M. Bauer & Co., Solicitors
of Patents, 30, Boulevard Magenta, Paris, France. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING
APPARATUS WITHI VERTICAL & HORIZONTAL DIVISIONS, APPLICABLE TO THE
INSIDES OF CHIMNIES." [A communication from Simon Suchet, of Vassy,
Departement de la Haute Marne, Republic of France.]
This Invention relates to certain improvements in heating apparatuses with vertical
and horizontal divisions, applicable to the insides of chiminies. The Invention
consists of two different parts, firstly, a bottom plate forming the foundation of the
apparatus, and, secondly, the side plates.
The apparatus, by means of a convex front, presents to the flames a very large
surface for the radiation of heat. The apparatus has a double formation, consisting
of interior compartments or divisions, which divisions are vertical and horizontal,
and can be diversified at will. Theso divisions communicate with each other, and
the fresh air coming in from the outside is obliged to pass a distance of not less
than seven feet in length. In this passage the air is heated to a very high
temperature, and rises at the sides of the chimney through hot-air holes provided
for the purpose.
The outside of the apparatus is fitted with grooves in sufficient number to allow
the increasing or diminishing of the side plates according to the size of the
chimney.
The bottom of the apparatus is open from end to end, in order to allow the
introduction of cold air, and on each upper part of the sides holes are placed through
which the hot air, coming from the air chambers, is to pass. Each side plate is in
two pieces, one of which is placed vertically to the apparatus and in one of the
grooves; the other piece is placed before the former, and may be inclined outwards
at will, subsequent to the dimensions of the frame of the chimney.
IMPROVED CAN OR VESSEL FOR THE CONVEYANCE OR TRANSPORT OF MILK OR OTHER LIQUIDS."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Legge at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd November 1880.
"AN
WILLIAM LEGGE, of Berkeley, in the County of Gloucester, Auctioneer.
IMPROVED CAN OR VESSEL FOR THE CONVEYANCE OR TRANSPORT OF MILK OR
OTHER LIQUIDS."
My Invention relates to an improved can or vessel chiefly designed for the
carriage or transport of milk by rail or otherwise.
The said Invention consists chiefly in the combination with the body of the can
or vessel of wheels, whereon the same is mounted in such a manner as to be
capable of standing upright thereon, and of being conveniently wheeled along the
platform of a railway station or upon any other surface, thereby facilitating the
work of transferring the said cans from a farmer's or dairyman's cart or waggon to
a railway truck, and vice versa.
According to my Invention I take or construct a can or vessel of thin metal or
other suitable material, preferably of the form usually employed for the conveyance
of milk by rail. The bottom of this can or vessel should have a flange or rim, or
should be otherwise provided with means for the attachment of a bracket or
bearing for the support of a small shaft or axle which extends horizontally across
the bottom of the can, and on which the wheels are fixed. I prefer that these
wheels should be arranged within the flange or rim, and that the said shaft should
be not in the centre but near what I will term the back edge of the can bottom.
The front edge of the same is provided with a foot or feet, upon which and the said
wheels the cau is supported when at rest.
The said can or vessel is provided near its upper end with short handles,
whereby it may be conveniently moved on its wheels as aforesaid, and the said can
may also be provided with other handles to facilitate the lifting thereof onto and
out of a railway truck or other vehicle.
The said cans or vessels are provided with suitable covers and means for tightly
closing the same, and they may be made of any desired form or capacity.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN OR RELATING TO BICYCLES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Mathers Lett at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th July 1880.
WILLIAM MATHERS LETT, of Kenilworth, in the County of Warwick, Ironmonger.
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN OR RELATING TO BICYCLES."
<
The object of this Invention; which relates to an improvement in or applicable
to bicycles, is to prevent the possibility of the rider pitching over the handles or
coming a cropper," as it is termed among bicyclists, upon the motion of the
bicycle being suddenly arrested.
The Invention consists in suspending in front of the usual large or driving
wheel by means of an arm, shaped so as to clear the latter wheel at all times, a
small wheel or roller which is so supported as to run quite clear of the ground
except when the bicycle pitches forward.
The supporting arm is carried by the head of the usual uprights or fork, being
centred thereto, and it, or [the joint to which it is centred, is provided with stops,
one of which prevents the arm falling so as to press on the driving wheel, or the
additional wheel or roller from touching the ground; and the other of which allows
of it rising a little when the bicycle is pitched forward so as to ease the stopping
of the motion, the arm being kept down in its usual position by a spring.
The improvement, the advantages of which as regards the safety of the rider
and of the bicycle are obviously apparent, can be applied to existing bicycles without
necessitating any alteration of the usual fittings or accessories thereof, and may
also with great advantage be combined with bicycles in the manufacture thereof.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF STAINED GLASS EFFECTS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John George Sowerby at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th February 1880.
JOHN GEORGE SOWERBY, of the Gateshead Stained Glass Company, Gateshead,
in the County of Durham, Glass Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PRODUCTION OF STAINED GLASS EFFECTS."
My Invention relates to the production in the body of the glass and in various
colors, of lines of various thicknesses, giving the contours of the folds of drapery,
of figures, and of other devices, whereby I obtain these effects not only more
economically but also in a more permanent manner, unaffected by weather or the
influences of climate, than if they were produced in the ordinary manner, that is to
say, by painting on the surface of the glass.
I propose to produce such lines and devices in the body of the glass by the
following means:-
The gatherer first gathers some flint or other colored metal on his gathering
iron, and, after having "marvered" it, dips it into a mould around which are spaces
containing glass threads of any very dark colour, and these adhere to the metal on
the end of the blowing iron on its withdrawal. He then again gathers on this
metal (in fact cases it) and then re-marvers the whole, after which it is blown out as
an ordinary muff and flattened as ordinary blown sheet. By using different tools,
etc., the gatherer can vary the pattern made by the dark threads into any shape he
requires.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR REGULATING AND COMPTROLLING THE PASSAGE OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR OR OTHER GASES THROUGH OUTLETS OR INLETS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Frederick Hoyne, of No. 7, Water Lane, in the
City of London, for an Invention of "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR
REGULATING AND COMPTROLLING THE PASSAGE OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR OR
OTHER GASES THROUGH OUTLETS OR INLETS."
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said James Frederick Hoyne at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th December 1880.
JAMES FREDERICK HOYNE, of No. 7, Water Lane, in the City of London.
"AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR REGULATING AND COMPTROLLING THE PASSAGE
OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR OR OTHER GASES THROUGH OUTLETS OR INLETS."
My Invention consists in an apparatus which when attached to a lamp of any
description, but particularly to those which are exposed to wind and draughts, such
as railway, ship, lighthouse, and street lamps, will prevent the downward draught
of air.
My Invention is also applicable to chimneys or ventilators for buildings and
ships to prevent down draughts.
This apparatus is a tube of suitable shape and dimensions which is filled with
pieces of coke, asbestos, pumice-stone, fire clay, or other suitable substance, through
the interstices of which air can freely pass while at the same time a strong current
is broken up.
The material is kept in its place by means of wire netting or bars, or in any
other suitable manner.
The apparatus, which is of the same section and of such a dimension as to fit the
outlet to which it is proposed to be fixed, is in the case of lamps fixed in the outlet
for heated air, and in the case of chimneys or ventilators in a convenient position
near the outlet.
I claim the application of the apparatus above described in the manner and for
the purposes above stated.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Frederick Hoyne, bave hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of November, One thousand eight
hundred and eighty.
TAMES FREDERICK HOVNE (10)
JAMES FREDERICK HOVNE (IC)
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AMMONIACAL SALTS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugh Gearing Grant at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th November 1880. A communication
from abroad by Gustave Rousseau, of Courbevoie, in the Republic of France.
HUGH GEARING GRANT, of the Firm of Messrs. Bosshardt and Grant, of 24, Bulls
Head Exchange Chambers, Market Place, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Patent Agents. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AMMONIACAL SALTS."
A communication from abroad by Gustave Rousseau, of Courbevoie, in the Republic
of France.
The Invention relates to the treatment of ammoniacal liquids in order to obtain
salts of ammonia therefrom, and consists in an improved manner and means for
heating the liquids employed, as for example, urine or dung-waters. The liquids
are heated at a temperature of about 60° centigrade, at which temperature the affinity
existing between ammonia and water is destroyed and the ammonia more readily
set free. The liquids are heated to the desired temperature by passing them
through a boiler tube or a series of tubes heated by waste heat from the fire box.
In another arrangement the liquids are pumped into a metal tank or cistern
provided with a worm or coil of pipes in the interior, and through which steam is
led from a boiler to heat the liquids, or the exhaust steam may be used for this
purpose. Any suitable form of steam trap may be connected to the pipe in order
to take away the condensed water from the steam. By maintaining a uniform
temperature of the liquids the ammonia is set free more regularly than heretofore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR ADDITIONS TO TRAVELLING BOXES AND BAGS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Heiman Josselsohn and Josef
Goodman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th October
1880.
HEIMAN JOSSELSOHN and JOSEF GOODMAN, both of Whitechapel, in the
County of Middlesex, Wholesale Furriers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR ADDITIONS TO
TRAVELLING BOXES AND BAGS."
Our Invention relates to improvements in or additions to travelling boxes and
bags, and has for object to provide means whereby the feet and legs of the user of
the box or bag may be kept warm whilst travelling in a railway carriage, steam-boat,
or other conveyance.
Our Invention therefore consists in the combination, forming one article, of a
foot-muff or receptacle for keeping the feet warm with a travelling box or bag, the
said muff or receptacle being contrived in one of the sides of the box or bag, and
provided with an opening to admit the feet. The muff or receptacle is stuffed,
padded, or lined with fur, flannel, or other suitable material, and thereby forms a
snug and warm retreat for the feet.
A travelling rug or wrapper may also be combined with a foot muff or like
receptacle, so that the legs as well as the feet of the user of the box or bag may
also be kept warm. This rug or wrapper is secured to the muff or receptacle, and
when not required or to be stowed away is folded up and laid within the said
muff or receptacle.
A flap provided with a fastening covers the mouth or opening of the muff or
like receptacle, and when closed over the same the box or bag presents the
appearance of an ordinary travelling box or bag.
AN IMPROVED FRAME FOR HANGING OUT CLOTHES TO DRY
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th January 1880. [A com-
munication from abroad by Frank M. Earle, of Utica, in the County of Oneida,
State of New York, United States of America.]
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent.
"AN IMPROVED FRAME FOR HANGING OUT CLOTHES TO DRY."
[A communication from abroad by Frank M. Earle, of Utica, in the County of
Oneida, State of New York, United States of America.]
The object of this Invention is to construct a clothes dryer having jointed arms
carrying lines, which shall be simple instruction, and capable of folding compactly
when not in use.
The clothes dryer consists of a main supporting post, the top of which is journalled
to receive a rotating head carrying radial arms, which are held in position by arms
attached to a rotary collar journalled to the post. The head on the underside is
cut with radial slots, in which is hinged one end of the arms by a pivot connection
to allow said arms to drop vertically when it is desired to fold the clothes dryer
To the opposite end of these arms is pivoted one end of the supporting arms, the
opposite end of the same being free to fall vertically with the radial arms and fold
upwardly parallel thereto, and to support said arms when extended by the free
ends of the supporting arms bearing on the collar, which is cut with recesses to
receive the same. When the arms are so extended the head and collar will rotate
therewith axially on the post.
To close the drier the supporting arms are lifted from their bearing on the collar,
and both sets of arms will then fall close against the post, or the supporting arms
may be closed parallel to the radial arms. The supporting arms are cut with
horizontal slots to receive lines on which the clothes are hung, and the extreme
ends of the radial arms may also be slotted to receive a cord in like manner.
The main post is jointed at a suitable height to allow the upper part to fall to an
inclined position for convenience in placing the clothes on the lines. A clamp on
the lower section of the post secures the upper portion exact, when a binding wedge
is inserted, the joint being cut diagonally and having a long tenon to bear against
the clamp when the wedge is removed to sustain the upper portion of the drier in
the inclined position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAMWAYS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bryan Johnson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th December 1880.
BRYAN JOHNSON, of King Street, in the City of Chester, in the County of
Chester. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAMWAYS."
My Invention relates to improvements in the construction of the permanent
way of tramways of the kind in which iron or steel rails are supported by metal
chairs or sleepers.
According to my present improvements, which are more particularly suitable for
wheels having a central flange, two rails having double heads formed to overhang
the one side of the web are arranged with the flat sides of their webs facing each
other inside a double jawed chair having recesses at the bottom of the jaws, into
which the lower heads of the rails fit. The space between the upper part of the jaws
is sufficient to allow of the introduction of the two rails when placed close together,
after which they are moved apart so that their lower heads fit into the said
recesses, in which position they are retained by driving in a wedge key between
them, such key being, by preference, of wood, in which case a fox wedge is
caused to expand the key at bottom when driven in, so as to fit a dovetail formed
by chamfering off the edges of the inner faces of the rails. By this means the
rails are held securely in the chair without bolts or other fastenings, the space
between their inner faces serving as the groove for the flanges of the wheels. The
upper and lower parts of the rails are of the same configuration, so that they can
be reversed when required.
ARRANGEMENTS FOR COUPLING AND UNCOUPLING CARRIAGES, WAGGONS, OR TRUCKS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Flemons Hopkins at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th February 1880.
"IMPROVED
GEORGE FLEMONS HOPKINS, of Kensworth, in the County of Herts.
ARRANGEMENTS FOR COUPLING AND UNCOUPLING CARRIAGES, WAGGONS, OR
TRUCKS."
My Invention has for its object the coupling and uncoupling of waggons and
carriages, without the necessity of some person getting between the waggons or
trucks as at present, thereby overcoming the risk and danger to the person so
employed in coupling and uncoupling by the present system.
In carrying out my Invention I adopt mainly the following arrangements:-
At one end of a carriage or truck is fitted between bearings a shoe formed of iron
or steel, said shoe being formed with a slot or hole. The other end of the carriage
or truck is supplied with a pin or bar working through bearings, and also a block
to ensure the pin working up and down in a vertical direction.
This pin is fitted with a bandle or lever which is fixed by a pin to the waggon,
and projects at the side of the waggon or truck.
In coupling the carriages or waggons, a carriage with the shoe is brought against
the end of the carriage or waggon fitted with lever and pin.
The handle or lever is actuated, and the pin or bar drops into the slot on the
shoe. To uncouple, all that is required is to pull the handle and the pin is raised,
thereby releasing the carriage or waggon.
The shoe is fitted between the bearings, so that when on a curve the same will
turn, and resume its straight position again when required. Should two carriages
or waggons come end on with the shoe, arrangements can be made to release one of
them, and substitute the pin and lever; in the same case should the lever and pin
come end on, a shoe could be attached to one of the waggons.
To prevent the pin or bar from moving from its position, a catch, stud, or other
arrangements can be used to retain same in its position, whether coupled or
uncoupled.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARatus for MOVING AND LOCKING RAILWAY POINTS AND SIGNALS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Hill and David Marlor at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th June 1880.
RICHARD HILL and DAVID MARLOR, both of Heywood, in the County of
Lancaster. 'IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARatus for MOVING AND LOCKING RAILWAY
POINTS AND SIGNALS,"
Our Invention relates principally to the apparatus for moving railway points,
but is also adapted for use in the working of signals. In the ordinary apparatus
employed in the moving of points a weighted lever is moved over into position to
open or close the points as required, a connecting-rod jointed to the said lever
transmitting the motion to the points. In our improved apparatus the points are
connected with a sliding bar or part which is actuated by a screw which is formed
upon or attached to or connected with a hand-lever. The said screw may consist
of a portion of a single projecting thread which enters a slot in the said sliding-bar,
or which works between anti-friction bowls mounted upon the said bar, or may
consist of a spirally formed groove into which enters a projection or an anti-friction
bowl upon the said sliding bar. When the said hand-lover is moved over the
screw-thread or groove acts upon the bar and causes it to slide in one direction or
the other, according to the direction in which the hand-lever is moved, and the
points are thereby opened or closed. The hand-lever may or may not be weighted.
When it is desirable that the points should be locked we terminate each end of the
screw-thread or groove with a length of thread or groove, which forms a right-angle
with the line of motion of the said sliding bar or thereabouts, so that a strain upon
the sliding bar arising from the passage of a train does not tend to move the
band lover. We do not confine ourselves to the use of a single screw thread.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TROLLIES OR CARRIAGES FOR CIRCULAR SAW BENCHES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bernard James Webber at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th March 1880.
BERNARD JAMES WEBBER, of Newton Abbot, in the County of Devon, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TROLLIES OR CARRIAGES FOR CIRCULAR SAW BENCHES."
This Invention relates to improvements in trollies or carriages for holding and
conducting timber to and from the saw at each end of a circular saw bench, whereby
I am enabled to raise or lower the timber at each end of the saw bench while sawing
either vertically or horizontally.
In carrying out my improvements I provide the trolly or carriage by preference
with two excentrics on a shaft working in suitable bearings and provided with a
lever handle, the trunnion being guided by a slot or slide.
The horizontal motion in the trunnion is effected by means of a slide screw
passing through the trunnion, which is provided with two dogs having hinged
joints, which after the timber has been once dogged or fixed, can be shifted without
moving the dogs, by which arrangement twisting or the like is avoided.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS MOTOR ENGINES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Nield Bickerton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th November 1880.
HENRY NIELD BICKERTON, of Ashton-under-Lyne, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS MOTOR ENGINES."
I employ a specially constructed cylinder which is enlarged in diameter at the
one end, and into which enlarged end the mixture of air and gas in suitable pro-
portions, or air only, is drawn by the piston as it is performing its back stroke, such
admission of air and gas being regulated by passing through a measuring apparatus
similar to a gas meter, and consisting of two drums, one to contain the air, and the
other the gas, and working either one surrounding the other, or on the same spindle
or shaft. I employ a short piston, and I so arrange the stroke that this piston is by
means of the crank drawn out of the smaller diameter into the larger diameter of
the cylinder towards the forward end of its stroke, and thus I partially compress
the gas and air mixture so introduced as aforesaid, until the piston has passed
completely into the larger diameter, when such mixture is free to escape past the
piston into the smaller diameter, and I arrange the piston rod bollow at the back
end and opening into the cylinder by side passages, so that at the proper instant
these side passages are uncovered, and permit the products of the explosion to
escape through such hollow piston rod into the atmosphere, and which escape is
completed by the fresh chargo pushing the remaining products in front of it until
the side openings are again covered, when the compression of the fresh charge is
completed by a continuation of the back stroke of the piston, and at the proper
instant I arrange the firing of the charge.
It will be apparent that instead of having the cylinder enlarged as before
mentioned, the same effect may be produced by having a separate chamber in
communication with the front end of the cylinder, or the cylinder itself may be
constructed of the same diameter, and communicate through sido ports with the
back end, such ports becoming uncovered as the piston approaches tho forward end
of its stroke. Ono method of firing the compressed charge is to arrange a small
passage between the cylinder and the open air, such passage being covered by the
piston as it approaches the end of its backward stroke, and at this instant the other

page_text: end of such passage is opened by a suitable slide valve, and the gas so locked in such
passage being then free to escape into the vicinity of a lighted flame, is thereby
ignited, the ignition passing back into the passage and igniting a small jet, which is
supplied with gas from the compressed charge, and serves to ignite the compressed
charge when the piston bas commenced its forward stroke, and has re-opened the
connection with the said passage.