Improvements in Calendar Tables and Calendars.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Sept., 1892-Accepted, 15th Oct., 1892
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Calendar Tables and Calendars.
I ARTHUR THOMAS BULLOCK of Abney Works, Stoke Newington, in the
County of Middlesex, Lace Paper Manufacturer and Wholesale Fancy Stationer
do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, as communicated to me by Charles N. Hoyt of Brooklyn, Kings
County, New York, United States of America, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates principally to tables for use in preparing calendars, from
which by the use of symbols can be ascertained the name of the weekday on which
fell or will fall any date in any year, say of the current century.
The invention will be fully described hereinafter in connection with thệ
accompanying drawings, and its novel features carefully defined in the claims.
In the drawings-
Figure 1, is a complete calendar table, with reference section, constructed
according to my invention, wherein numerals are employed as symbols.
Figure 2, is a fragment of the upper portion of a similar table to Figure 1, in
which is illustrated the manner in which three kinds of symbols may be employed
namely, numbers, names and letters.
Figure 3, is a fragment of a table of the same character as that in Figure 1,
showing how the numbers of the years of the century table or section may be
arranged in arithmetical order.
Figures 4 and 5 are reference tables adapted for use in connection with Figures I
and 2, as will be hereinafter explained.
Figure 6, is a table having a table of remainders capable of being used in lieu of
the century year table or section of Figure 1. Indeed this table is the same as the
month and year. portions of the table of Figure 1, in a condensed form.
Figures 7 and 8 shew other forms of tables the use of which will be hereinafter
fully explained.
Figure 9 is a combined monthly and century calendar in which the numerals
designating the years are arranged in numerical order so as to be readily found.
Referring first to Figure 1, at the upper part is the month table section, A,
which is divided into seven vertical columns and bears at the top a row a of month
symbols, here represented as numerals in the order, reading from left to right, 6, 5,
4, 3, 2, 1 and 7. This is a descending series. Below these symbols in a row b, are
the names of the months corresponding to the respective symbols for example, the
symbol for May is 6; the symbol for September and December, is 2; these months
being under their respective symbols in row a. To take into proper account the
leap years, the names of the months of January and February are placed on the
lines dividing the vertical columns, and the abreviations L, Y, and OY, meaning
Leap Year" and "Ordinary Year," are put in the proper columns under the
proper symbols, in the row above. For example, the name of February is on the
line between the columns headed by the numeral symbols 5 and 4; for leap years,
5 will be the proper month symbol for February, while for ordinary years, 4 will be
the proper symbol.
"
“ Century
Below the month table-section of Figure 1, is the section called the
Year Table B. and in the row c, under the title, will be found at the heads of the
seven columns, the respective year symbols, in this case represented by the
numerals 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1, arranged in descending series. The leap years are
separated from the ordinary years, the former set being represented in Figure 1 by
the reference letter d, and the latter by the reference letter e. The years having 7.

page_text: for a symbol are arranged in the first column under the numeral 7, and those
having 6 for a symbol are arranged in the second column under that numeral.
At one
Below the "Century Year Table," B, is a reference calendar table-section, C.
This section is divided, as to its main portion, into seven columns and seven rows,
and contains the names of the days of the week, arranged in the order or sequence
shown. At the top of the reference table C, is a row , of reference month
symbols, being numerals reading from left to right: 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 7 and 6.
end of the table is a column y containing reference year symbols; these are placed
at the right in Figure 1, and are numerals placed respectively at the ends of the
rows of names of days and in the order, reading downward 2, 1, 7, 6, 5, 4, and 3.
By the following rule this table of Figure may be employed to ascertain on
what day of the week any date of the century fell or will fall.
Rule 1 Find over the given month in row, the symbol of that month in row a;
then find over the given year in the century table B, the symbol of that year in row c.
Then find the corresponding month symbol in row of the reference table-section C,
and the corresponding year symbol in the column of section C; the day of the
week at the intersection of said column and row in section C will be first day of the
given month in the given year.
Example: Suppose we wish to find on what day Jany. 1 1892 fell. We find
1892 in the last or seventh column counting from left to right of the century year
table in Figure 1, among the leap years, its symbol in row c being "1" and we
find that the leap year symbol of January, in row a, is also "1." Turning now to
the reference section C at the bottom of Figure 1 we find in the respective row and
column, and g, the numeral "1" and note by inspection that "Fri." is in the
column headed "1" in row f, and in the row having "1" at or opposite to its end
in column g, that is to say, a vertical line drawn from the numeral "1" in row will
intersect a horizontal line drawn from the numeral "1" in row g in the word or
abbreviation "Fri." Therefore, January 1, 1892 fell on Friday.
The first day of any other month in any other year in the list of years in the
table B may be found in the same manner by the use of the month and year symbols
given. In the century year table of Figure 1, the years are grouped in columns
under their respective symbols, and the leap years are separated from the ordinary
years; but they may be arranged as seen in the fragment, Figure 3. In this
arrangement the numbers of the years are in arithmetical order: 1800, 1801, 1802,
etc., so that any year may be selected conveniently in a moment, and the leap years
are designated merely by printing them with heavier faced type, or with differently
coloured ink. The year symbol is placed opposite the year number, as "1806-4
the numeral 4 being the symbol of 1806, as may be seen by reference to Figure 1.
The month symbol is also placed after the name of the month in this arrangement
(Figure 3), as "Mar. 4," the numeral 4 being the symbol for March, as seen
in Figure 1.
It is not always necessary that numbers be used as symbols; letters, or the names
of the days of the week may be employed instead. Or these forms of symbols may
be combined to a certain extent as will be explained with reference to Figures 2 and 4.
Figure 2 corresponds to the upper portion of Figure 1, except that, in addition to
the row a of numeral month symbols there is a row a' of name month symbols:
Sun. Mon. Tue. etc., and a row a² of letter month symbols: A, G, F, etc.
year symbols are arranged in the same way; in addition to the row c, of numeral
year symbols, there is a row c¹ of name symbols: Sat., Sun., Mon., etc., and a row c²
of letter symbols: A, G, F etc.
The
The central and main portion of the reference table, Figure 4, corresponds to the
reference table or section C at the lower part of Figure 1 except that in addition
to the monthly reference row f and yearly reference row g of numeral symbols,
there is a row f' of name symbols, a row of letter symbols, a column g' of name
symbols and a column of letter symbols. Indeed, in order to illustrate the use
of combined symbols, there are three rows f¹ of name symbols and two rows f² of
letter symbols; and there are three columns g of numeral symbols and two

page_text: columns g of letter symbols. Only a fragment of the table is illustrated in
Figure 2 as the century year table of Figure 1 may be placed under it. The
following is an illustration where name symbols are used for both months and years.
Suppose, as before, that it is desired to find on what day of the week January 1,
1892 fell. This year is in the seventh column, counting from left to right of the
century year table shewn in Figure 1, and the name symbol is "Fri." as seen in
Figure 2. The name symbol for the month of January in a leap year as seen in
the month table of Figure 2, is also "Fri." In the upper row of month symbols
in Figure 4, we find "Fri.," and in the corresponding column g¹, of year symbols in
Where this row and coluinn
Figure 4 (that farthest to the right) we find "Fri."
intersect we find "Fri.," showing that January 1, 1892 fell on Friday. If letter
symbols were used for both month and year, the third row of month symbols from
the top in Figure 4 would be used and the corresponding column-third from the
right-in Figure 4 would be used. An illustration is not necessary for this.
But the symbols may be combined and used together, say letter symbols for the
month, and numeral symbols for the year. For example, supposing that, as before,.
it is desired to ascertain on what day fell January 1, 1892. This year being in the
seventh column and a leap year, the numeral symbol in Figure 2 will be found to
be "1," and the letter symbol for January in a leap year will also be found to
be "C." Now in the bottom row of month reference symbols in Figure 4, the
letter symbol "C" is in the third column from the right, and in the corresponding
column of year reference numeral symbols in Figure 4 (that farthest to the
left) "1" is in the second row. The corresponding row and column will be found
to intersect at "Fri.," showing that January 1, 1892 fell on Friday.
In this Specification the horizontal series are designated as
rows"
vertical series as columns," but this is only for convenience of explanation; by
turning table Figure 4 a quarter way round and righting the words, numerals, and
letters, the rows would become columns, and the columns, rows; but the table could
be used in this way precisely as described.
CC
"and the
Various other modes of using the symbols are shewn in the drawings which will
now be explained.
Below the central part of Figure 4, is a table of dates, D from 1 to 31 represented
in heavy faced numerals; these dates are arranged in seven columns and six rows,
like the dates of a monthly calendar. At the left of the central part of Figure 4 is
a column T of sums of numeral symbols.
The following rule will explain the use of these:-
(2) Find the numeral symbols of the given month and year in the table of
Figure 1, add them together, find the sum in column T of Figure 4, and use the
cross row of days opposite in the central part of Figure 4, with the table of
dates D, below. If the sum found in column T be 7 or 14, for example, the given.
month will begin on **
Sunday."
In column R of Figure 4, the products of the numeral symbols are given,
and these may be used in precisely the same way as the sums in column T.
In column S of Figure 4 will be found combined the month numeral symbols and
year letter symbols ascertained by table Figure 2. These may be used in lieu of
the products of column R, or sums of column T.
In column Q of Figure 4 will be found combined the month name symbol and
year numeral symbol (as "Sat. 7.") ascertained by table Figure 2. These may be
used in lieu of the combined symbols of column S.
In Figure 4 among the names of week days in the central part of the table, will
be found number and letter symbols, as "Sun. 7. G," "Mon. 6. F" etc., in the first
row and below the table of dates D in that figure is a row, O, of letter
symbols, D, E, F, etc. These may be used as follows.
(3) Find the letter symbol of the given month and the numeral symbol of the
given year, in the tables Figures 1 and 2. Find the letter symbol of the month in
reference row O, of Figure 4, and the numeral symbol of the year in the column
above such letter symbol among the cross rows of names of days in the central part

page_text: Figure 1. Ա ԼԱԿ Լ
table of dates D below.
names of days should be used in connection. With the
"
Below row O in Figure 4, is a row, P, of month letter symbols. The corre-
sponding year letter symbols will be found in the rows of names of days in the
central part of Figure 4, and rule 3, above, may be applied to the use of these
symbols.
Below row P, in Figure 4. is a row P P, of name symbols "Wed., Tue., Mon.,"
etc. This row may be applied by the following rule.
(4) Find the name symbols of the given month and year from the tables of
Figures 1 and 2, and find either of these symbols in row P P. In the column
above this name symbol find the other name symbol among the cross rows of names
of days in the central part of the table of Figure 4, and use this cross row of days
with the table of dates D below.
Another rule is as follows:-
(5) Find in the table Figure 1, the numeral symbols of the given month and
year and add them together; find a number in the date table D corresponding to
this sum, and use, in connection with table D, the cross row of names of days above
in which "Sat." is found in the same column with said number in table D.
Figure 5 is a reference table to be used in connection with Figure 1, or with
Figures 1 and 2.
The central portion E of this table contains an ordinary annual
calendar made up of monthly sections or "tablets." The columns designated
by QQ, RR, SS, and T T, in Figure 5, correspond to the columns designated
respectively by the letters Q, R, S, and T, in Figure 4, and the symbols therein
refer to the monthly tablets of the central calendar E of Figure 5. For example,
if the numeral symbols of the given month and year are added together, and the
sum found in column T T of Figure 5, the monthly tablet opposite serves for the
given month. For January 1892, for example, the sum of the numeral symbols
is 2," and this number will be found. in column T T, opposite to the tablet
January of the calendar of Figure 5, which is for 1892.
<<
::
Other rules are as follows:-
:―
(6) Find in Figures 1 and 2 the name symbols of the given month. and year;
then find either of these symbols in the columns N in Figure 5, and the first date
under "Sat," in the month tablet opposite. Find this date under the other name
symbol at the top of the calendar and use the tablet of dates in which it is found
for the given month.
(7) Find in Figures 1 and 2 the month letter symbol and year name symbol of
the given month and year; then find the month letter symbols in columns L, of
Figure and the first date number under "Sat." in the opposite calendar tablet.
Find the same date number under the year name symbol at the top of the calendar
and use the tablet in which it is found.
Columu K in Figure 5 contains the year letter symbols, and these may be used
in a manner corresponding to the month letter symbol in rule 7.
Column M in Figure 5 contains the combined letter symbols of the year and
month. If in column M the combined letter symbols of the given month and year
are found, the tablet opposite will be that of the given month.
The following rule will apply to an ordinary annual calendar when used in
connection with Figures 1 and 2; or Figure 1 alone.
(8) Find in Figures 1 and 2 the month name symbol and the year numeral
symbol of the given month and year. Then find among the week days at the top
of the calendar in Figure 5 (opposite 1892) the month name symbol, and use for.
the given month the tablet below containing the year numeral symbol as a date in
the same column with the month name symbol.
At the bottom of the calendar in Figure 5, is a row. H H of numeral symbols.
If the numeral symbols of the given month and year are taken from Figure 1 and
one of these symbols is found in row H H, and in the same column, the other
symbol found as a date in one of the tablets above, that tablet may be used for the
given month:

page_text: Just above the row H H, is a row OO of letter symbols; find the letter symbol
of the given year in row 00, and the month numeral symbol as a date in the same
column above, then the tablet in which the letter is found may be used for the
given month.
Over the calendar in Figure 5 are tables J, of name symbols, and a column JJ,
of name symbols between them. Find in column J J, the name symbol (as "Fri.")
of a given month (as Jan.), and in the row opposite of a table J, find the name
symbol (as "Fri.") of a given year (as 1892) then use for the given month the
tablet of the calendar wherein the date number "1" appears in the same column
with the name symbol as "Fri." found in table J.
Either the month or the year symbol may be found in column J J, and the other
be found in table J. The result will be the same in either case.
Below the table J is a row U of numeral symbols over the calendar table.
These may be applied by the following rule:
86
:-
27 **
(9) Find the name symbols, as Sun.," Mon.," etc., of the given month and
year as before. Then find in the row with " 1892 at top of calendar in Figure 5,
either one of these name symbols and note the numeral symbol over it in row U.
Then find this numeral as a date under the other name symbol in the row with
"1892," and use for the given month the tablet in which it occurs.
Over the tables J in Figure 5, are tables H, of letter symbols arranged in
rows; and between them is a column H', of numeral symbols. One rule for
applying these symbols is as follows:-
:-
(10) Find as before the numeral symbol of the given month and the letter symbol
of the given year. Find the month symbol in column H and in the row opposite
the year letter symbol. The tablet of the calendar below which has "1"
immediately below the said year symbol may be used for the given month.
In order to simplify the century year table, the century remainder table of
Figure 6 has been constructed. The upper portion of this table is the same as in
Figure 1, but in lieu of the year numbers a table F, of remainders is employed,
these being the remainders left after dividing the year by 28.
This table may be used as follows:-
(11). Divide the given year by 28 and note the remainder. Find the numeral
symbol of the given month and the numeral symbol of the remainder in table
Figure 6. Then find these symbols, respectively, in the row of month symbols and
column of year symbols in Figure 4, and this will give the first day of the given
month.
(12) Ascertain the remainder as before; then find the month numeral symbol.
Then use the tablet in the calendar of Figure 5 which has the month numeral
symbol as a date in the column of the remainder found in the remainder table K G,
at the bottom of Figure 5.
There are various other ways of using the table of remainders but these will
suffice. For any year from 1752 to 1899, inclusive use the upper row c of remainder
numeral symbols in Figure 6, and for any year from 1900 to 2299, inclusive use the
lower row c' of symbols.
The order or sequence of the symbols may be changed as shewn in Figure 7
where the month numeral symbols read (from left to right) 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 instead
of 6, 5, 4, 3, etc., as in Figure 1; and the name and letter symbols are changed in
the same manner. In this case the symbols for the years must be changed
accordingly.
The table in Figure 8 may be used in connection with the tables of Figure 1 by
the following rule:-
(13) Add together the numeral symbols of the given month and year and find
the sum in row b of Figure 8. The name of the day of the week found in row b¹ of
Figure 8 over said sum will be the first day of the given month.
Example: Suppose it is desired to find on what day fell March 1, 1809. This
year number appears in the first column of ordinary years in Figure 1, and its
numeral symbol is "7." The numeral symbol of March is "4," and the sum is 11.

page_text: Over 11" in Figure 8 will be found "Wed." Wednesday was, then, the day on
which March 1, 1809 fell, and any calendar for a month where Wednesday appears
as the first day, may be used for March-1809.
"
In some cases the symbols may be interlined between the rows of numerals in a
table of dates of an ordinary calendar. Figure 9 which is an illustration of this
form of calendar, is a calendar for the month of January 1892 with the information
added thereto by which it is adapted as a calendar for the century. This calendar
may be used independently of the tables of reference herein before described and
shewn in the other figures but is based upon them. The years of the century are
arranged in numerical order and are printed in the blank spaces above and below
the rows of dates with the numeral symbol against each year, as "18013"
"1802-2" &c. Interlined between the rows of days are the month name symbols
Monday" "Tuesday" &c., and the names of the months arranged with reference
to their respective symbols. For any date of the century, find the calendar date
like the numeral symbol opposite the desired year; then find in the same vertical
column with this date, the name of the desired month, and use the cross row of
month symbol days directly under this month. For example, suppose it is desired
to ascertain the day on which fell the first day of March 1809. The year numeral
symbol for 1809 is seen in the first column from the left to be 7. In the column
containing "7" as a date the month of March will be found in the sixth row,
namely under the date "28." The row of month name symbols immediately under
this month should be used for the desired month. From this it appears that the
7th of March 1809 fell on a Tuesday, consequently the 1st of March 1809 fell
on a Wednesday.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that what I
claim is :-
:-
1. A calendar table comprising as its essentials seven month symbols, the names
of the months arranged with reference to their respective symbols, seven year
symbols, a series of numbers representing the years arranged with reference to their
respective symbols, and the names of the seven days of the week, arranged for
reference to and in connection with, the month and year symbols, substantially as
set forth.
2. A calendar table comprising seven month symbols, the names of the months
arranged with reference to their respective symbols, seven year symbols, a series of
numbers representing the years arranged with respect to their respective symbols,
and a reference table containing the names of the days of the week arranged
in seven columns under one set of said symbols and in seven rows having the
symbols of the other set arranged respectively at the ends of said rows substantially
as described.
3. A calendar consisting of the numerals 1 to 31 arranged in proper sequence in
7. parallel columns or rows, the names of the days of the week or other month
symbols arranged in proper sequence and order, and the names of the months
arranged with reference to their respective symbols, a series of numbers repre-
senting the years arranged with reference to their respective symbols and the names
of the seven days of the week arranged for reference to and in connection with the
month and year symbols part of the symbol matter being interlined and alternating
with the columns or rows of conspicuous numerals 1 to 31 substantially as set forth
and for the purposes stated.
Dated this Oth day of Santamben 1902
ARTHUR T. BULLOCK.
F. W. Golby,
36, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agent for the Applicant.