IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING PRESS. COPIES OF MANUSCRIPTS, AND IN THE PREPARATION OF PAPER SO AS TO RENDER IT CAPABLE OF BEING EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Hawke, of 10, Saint John's Wood
Park, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING PRESS. COPIES OF MANUSCRIPTS, AND IN THE
PREPARATION OF PAPER SO AS TO RENDER IT CAPABLE OF BEING EMPLOYED
THEREFOR."
Sealed the 10th June 1873, and dated the 18th December 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Hawke at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th December 1872.
I, FREDERICK HAWKE, of 10, Saint John's Wood Park, in the County
5 of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of my said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING PRESS COPIES OF MANUSCRIPTS, AND
IN THE PREPARATION OF PAPER SO AS TO RENDER IT CAPABLE OF BEING EMPLOYED
THEREFOB," to be as follows :—
This Invention has for its object the obtaining of press copies of
0 manuscripts on stout paper in lieu of as heretofore upon the usual tissue
3

page_text: paper, which is too thin to be conveniently used otherwise than as bound
in a copying book; whereas by reason of the facility afforded by my
Invention for taking such copies on stout paper, the said copies may be
used separately as ordinary invoices, bills of lading, &c.; or in the case
of letters, be packed away in bundles along with the correspondence,
thus presenting a much more convenient means of reference than the
system at present adopted of copying on thin paper bound in a book, or
the paper employed for the production of such copies may be bound as
a book or otherwise. Again, as by our system two or more good copies
can be easily taken from the original manuscript, the usual copying
book may be retained as a permanent record and other copies be taken
on stout paper to be packed up along with the correspondence..
The essential feature of my Invention consists in impregnating or
saturating ordinary paper or other suitable paper of the desired substance
with a solution of a protosalt or of a persalt of iron, or of mixtures of ]
the same before taking off the copy thereon. Or in lieu of saturating
sheets of ordinary paper with either of the said iron solutions as before
mentioned paper may be specially prepared during the process of its
manufacture by saturating the same with the iron solution before under-
going the sizing process.
Sheets of paper prepared as herein-before described may be used either
whilst still in their moist condition after having been impregnated with
the iron solution, or may be allowed to dry, in which latter casc it is
simply requisite to moisten them with water in the usual manner before
employing the same for taking off copies of correspondence or other 2
manuscript.
Another modification of my Invention consists in the employment of
the before-mentioned salts of iron to develope imperfect and illegible
copies which may have been taken in the ordinary manner upon ordinary
or other copying paper, and improved results are attained when ordinary 3
copying paper saturated with the above solution is employed, the im-
pressions being much sharper and more clear than when copying paper
of the ordinary nature is used.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Frederick Hawke in the Great Seal Patent Office,
on the 18th June 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
HAWKE, of 10, Saint John's Wood Park, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two,
in the 36th year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Frederick Hawke, Her
special license that I, the said Frederick Hawke, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Frederick Hawke,
my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING PRESS COPIES OF MANUSCRIPTS, AND IN THE PRO-
DUCTION OF PAPER SO AS TO RENDER IT CAPABLE OF BEING EMPLOYED THEREFOR,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Frederick Hawke,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing, under my
hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
"
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick Hawke, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say :-

page_text: bound in a copying book, which will also enable copies superior in dark-
ness and clearness and in rapidity of development to be obtained whether
stout or ordinary tissue paper be used, and which will also enable copics
to be taken from manuscripts which may have been written for some
time, and which may have been previously copied. By reason of the 5
facility afforded by my Invention for taking such copies on paper of the
requisite stoutness or thickness, the said copies may be used separately
as ordinary invoices, bills of lading, &c., or in the case of letters be
packed away in bundles along with the correspondence, thus presenting
a much more convenient means of reference than the system at present 1
adopted of copying on thin or tissue papers bound in a book; at the same
time, if it be found more convenient, the paper employed for the production
of such copies may be bound as a book or otherwise. Again, inasmuch as
by my improved system or means of copying, two or more good copics can
be taken from the original manuscript, the usual copying book may be
retained as a permanent record, and other copies may also be separately
taken on stouter, thicker, or other paper.
The essential feature of my Invention consists in the preparation or
manufacture of improved copying paper by impregnating or saturating
suitable paper either thin or thick with a solution in water of a protosalt
or of a persalt of iron, or of mixtures of the same before taking off the
copy thereon. Paper thus prepared may be used either whilst still in a
moist condition, vidclicet, after having been impregnated with the iron
solution, or may be allowed to dry after having been so impregnated or
saturated, in which latter case it is simply requisite to moisten it with
water in the usual manner before employing it for taking off copies of
correspondence or other manuscript.
.
Instead of preparing ordinary paper by damping or saturating it with
the iron solution as above described I also use for my improved process
of copying suitable paper specially manufactured for the purpose from
pulps, which during the process of manufacture is impregnated or saturated
as herein-after described with a solution or solutions of the before-men-
tioned salts of iron or mixtures of the same. Paper thus specially
manufactured may be employed in a manner similar to that now generally
adopted for ordinary copying purposes, videlicet, by first causing the
manistoned with wat

page_text: The proportions in which the salts of iron are to be employed will
depend upon the quality of paper required to be manufactured or pre-
pared, and will also depend upon the purposes to which such paper is to
be applied.
In carrying out my Invention I have found that good results may be
obtained when the paper, whether it be of the ordinary kind and impreg-
nated after it is made, or whether it be specially manufactured of
impregnated pulp, is at the time when it is used for copying impregnated
with a solution of a salt of iron, the perchloride of iron for example, in
such quantity as that the paper shall contain from about one per cent. to
about two per cent. of perchloride of iron, calculated at Fe Cl, and I
find that the required degree of saturation can be obtained by the em-
ployment of a solution of perchloride of iron containing from about one
to about two per cent. of perchloride of iron either to saturate the pulp
in the process of manufacture, or to prepare paper made in the ordinary
way for being employed as copying paper according to my Invention by
saturating or impregnating it with the iron solution.
2 :3
Protosalts of iron may be employed in equivalent proportions and
will furnish copies which will be found in cases where they may be
comparatively faint at first to become more distinct in time and to be
very durable copies. In some cases mixtures of the per and proto salts
may also be employed in proportions about equivalent to those before
mentioned.
Although I have mentioned the employment of perchloride of iron, I
wish it to be understood that I do not limit myself to such compound as
other soluble salts of iron may be employed, but I prefer the perchloride
of iron on account of its economy.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion, that what I consider to
be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to
me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,—
First. The preparation of copying papers and the manufacture of special
paper intended for copying purposes by the employment of soluble salts
of the protoxide or of the peroxide of iron, or a mixture of the same,
substantially in the manner herein-before described.

page_text: Second. The use for the preparation of ordinary paper or for saturating
the pulps of specially manufactured paper intended to be used for copying
purposes of iron solutions applied in the manner and for the purposes
above mentioned.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Hawke, have to this
my Specification set my hand and scal, the Seventeenth day of
June One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.