IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GENERATING STEAM
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ferdinand Charles- Warlich, of Hope Cottage,
Gloucester Place, Kentish Town, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR GENERATING STEAM,"
Sealed the 21st May 1858, and dated the 9th March 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ferdinand Charles Warlich
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th March 1858.
I, FERDINAND CHARLES WARLICH, of Hope Cottage, Gloucester Place,
Kentish Town, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GENERATING STEAM to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in generating steam: For
this purpose I cause the water or other liquid from which the steam is to be
generated to circulate in a coil of pipes, which is heated directly by a furnace,
so that the water may attain a temperature above the boiling point. The end
of the 'coil of pipe enters a cylindrical vessel of wrought iron, and the pipe
within this vessel is perforated; water is by a pump forced through the coil;
and caused to escape in a fine shower within the cylindrical vessel, and as it
escapes it flashes into steam, the cylindrical generating vessel being heated, as
will be herein-after described. The fire box is made of cast iron, and fits
into a large tubular passage or flue through the cylindrical generating vessel,
Price 8d1

page_text: and into the other end of this passage or flue the coil chamber, which is also
of cast iron, fits, and the generating vessel is thus heated internally; the coil
chamber is divided longitudinally into two parts, and in the upper division
the coil of pipes, before spoken of, is placed, and the lower division forms a
passage into which the heated gases from the furnace, which ordinarily pass
through the coil chamber, can be diverted when the engine is standing, so
that the tubes may not be injured. The wrought-iron vessel in which the
steam is generated is surrounded by an exterior. case of cast iron, and the
flues for the furnace are formed in the space between the cylindrical generating
vessel and the external case, and thus the generating vessel is also heated
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Ferdinand Charles Warlich in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 9th September, 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FERDINAND
CHARLES WARLICHI, late of Hope Cottage, Gloucester Place, Kentish Town,
in the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
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WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Ferdinand Charles Warlich, Her special licence that I, the said Ferdinand
Charles Warlich, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Ferdinand Charles Warlich, iny executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter' during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GENERATING STEAM," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said. Ferdinand Charles Warlich, my
executors or administrators, by au instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Iuvention, and in what manner the same, was, to be
performed, and cause the same to be. filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
1-1

page_text: NOW KNOW YE that I, the said Ferdinand Charles Warlich, do hereby,
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same.is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:―
This Invention has for its object improvements in generating steam. For
this purpose 'cause the water from which the steam is to be generated to
circulate in a coil of pipes heated directly by a furnace, so that the water may,
attain a temperature above that of the boiling point or 212° Fahrenheit.,
The ends of the coil of pipe enter a cylindrical vessel of wrought iron, the
pipe so entering being perforated with fine holes, as after mentioned. The
water to be evaporated is, by a pump or otherwise, forced through the coil; and
caused to escape through the perforations in a fine shower or mist within the
cylindrical vessel, and as it escapes it flashes into steam, the cylindrical
generating vessel being heated, as will be herein-after described.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, I proceed more fully to
describe the manner of performing the same..
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure-1 is a front elevation; Figure 2 is a side elevation; Figure 3 is a
back elevation; Figure 4 is a plan; Figure 5 is a transverse section at A, B, of,
Figure S; Figure 6 is a longitudinal section; Figure 7 is a transverse section
at C, D, of Figure 8; Figure S is a plan, in section, of apparatus combined
according to my Invention. In each of these Figures the same letters whew,
used indicate the same parts. A is the steam generator set in a cast-iron
outer casing. B. The length of the generator shewn is ten feet long by three.
feet nine inches in diameter. The construction of the generator is similar to
that of a Cornish boiler with a flue C of 1 foot 9 inches in diameter running
through the same. In this flue is fitted the cast-iron cylindrical fire box 1)
projecting 6 inches beyond the generator to the outer casing. The fire box
is 4 feet long and is divided into two parts, the lower division being set with a
fire grate a, and having about. 2.square-feet of fire bars. A .cast-iron
cylindrical coil box E, 6 feet 6 inches long, in two divisions; fits closely to the.
end of the fire box. The upper division.contains-12 water-heating pipes b
fastened together by elbows at c, and set in two frames d, d, each pipe being.
6 feet long and 1 inch bore... In the top of the bottom portion of the cylinder,
E is fitted with a plate of cast iron e.. To the coil of pipes bis attached at fa-
pipe of the same diameter, which runs between the two cylinders, viz., the
steam generator and the outer casing to the mouthpiece of the feed pump at,
h, to which mouthpiece it is screwed. Another pipe of the same diameter is,

page_text: on the other side attached at i to the coil of pipes b, and returns to the front
between the generator and the outer casing, and is continued by an elbow k
to the expansion globe O, which communicates in manner after described with
the perforated pipes m lying within the generator. The perforated pipes m
have one inch bore, and are perforated on the upper part throughout their
whole length with fine holes, the perforations being generally in number
about 4 to 6 to the square inch. The perforated pipes run the whole length
of the generator.
The outer casing is made of cast-iron, half an inch thick, I prefer it being
cast in 12 parts, and fastened together by screws, as shown in the Drawings.
The interior of this outer casing should be well lined with a non-conducting
substance, such as a paste or dough, composed of one part of river sand, one
part of fire clay, and two parts of Roman cement, mixed together with water
and dried after it is put on, and then supplied in the usual way, with one
or more good washings of foundry blacking. For this purpose, the inside of
the outer casing should be as rough as it can be cast. The heating space of
the flue, between the steam generator and the outer casing, is divided into
two flues (see Figures 5, 6, 7, at B₁), and the lower half is also divided into
two parts B2, so as to admit of a seating for the steam generator. The space
or flue between the steam generator and the outer casing is in the upper half
3 inches wide, in the lower half 4 inches wide; the hot gases and heated air
from the furnace, after having traversed these spaces or flues, enter the funnel
or chimney F. At this latter point a thermometer should be fixed for the
indication of the temperature at this stage, in order to indicate the degree of
the heated gases and vapours entering the tunnel or chimney; the temperature
should not be less than 300° Fahrenheit, and if it be kept steady and regular
it will always ensure a good draught, and consequently a moderate combustion
in the furnace.
In the front of the steam generator should be placed a thermometer com-
municating with the interior thereof, as also a pressure guage, both arranged
and placed in a manner known to engineers, and on the top of the steam
generator should be placed a double safety valve G, (Figures 1, 2, 4, 5, 6,) a
stop valve H, with a branch steam pipe K, leading to the cylinder of the
engine. The fire of the furnace out to be so regulated that in no part
of the flues the temperature shall exceed 500° Fahrenheit; of course, this
temperature does not heat the iron plates to the same degree, but it will
act sufficiently to balance the temperature of the steam within the steam
generator, so as to prevent its condensation, as well as to oppose the radiation
of the heat received by the plates of the generator from the steam contained

page_text: within its Under these conditions the lieated water forced from the water
heating pipes through the perforated pipes into the steam generator, will
instantaneously on meeting a higher temperature expand into steam, and
Become, according to the pressure applied, low or high-pressure steam; ren-
dering partly its latent into sensible heat, according to the pressure to which
it is subjected. The slight condensation of the steam, if any, is modified; if not
entirely removed, by placing a perforated copper plate I, (Figures. 6 and 7)
about on an inch; thick, a few inches from the bottom of the steam
generatorThe copper plate naturally has the temperature existing in the
stoam generator. The heavy saturated steam (if any) in descending comes in
contact with this copper plate, and expands instantly into a higher state of
steam, thus mitigating or removing any ill effects which otherwise might arise
within the steam generator. The steam produced by the method above
described can thus be raised at will from one to ten or more atmospheres
in less than as many aninutes, with great economy, and without the slightest
danger, provided the steam generator.be made strong enough to stand the
pressure at its ordinary working standard. Between the elbow and the
perforated pipes is placed an expansion globe with three apertures or
mouthpieces, two of them leading by. means of pipes to the perforated pipes,
and the third to a second expansion globe P placed outside the outer casing.
In the pipe connecting the two globes O and P is fixed. a. cock R, and a
mouthpiece fitted with a cap S to insert a thermometer where required, and
a mouthpiece T, to which a pipe can be attached to convey off excess of water
caused by the expansion. Between the expansion globe O and the perforated
pipes are placed two cocks 4, 7, to shut off the communication with the
perforated pipes, when required. At the bottom of the steam generator,
passing through the outer casing, are a pipe and cock n for drawing off any
condensed water. In the outer casing, Figures 1, 2, 3, are doors for the
convenience of getting at the pipes, &c. The setting and arrangements of the
steam generator may be varied in this way, viz., instead of having the fire
box inside the flue, it may be placed outside, constructed similarly to the
present fire box of locomotives, with the difference, however, of being only
one-fourth the size of that used in locomotives; the main flue of the steam
generator may then be entirely occupied with the coil box. For stationary
engines the steam generator may be constructed with two flues, instead
of one, the one being set with a fire box and grate in the flue in front
and the other in the second flue at the back of the generator. For small
engines of from one to five horse-power the geuerator may be placed upright,
rounded at the bottom in an egg shape, fitted with a casing with spaces

page_text: between for flues, containing the heating pipes, winding round the steam
generator in the form of a coil, and the whole may be placed in a cylindrical
iron vessel, like the common iron stoves, fitted with doors for charging it with
fire, or heating theapparatus by jets of gas instead of a fire, suitably arranged.
The perforated pipes may then run the whole length of the generator, and
may be placed above the flue instead of on the side. I have above spoken of
perforated pipes in the plural number, but in small engines or where con-
venience requires it, one perforated pipe may be used instead of two. My
steam generator and the other parts of the apparatus above described are
furnished with all usual and necessary gear and appliances well known and
commonly used in and applied to similar purposes.
Having stated the nature of my Invention and the means by which the same
is to be carried out, I wish it to be understood that I do not claim any of the
parts separately, nor do I confine myself to the use of any particular material
for the construction of the steam generator, fire box, or outer casing, nor to
the use of water as the only liquid for generating steam, nor to the precise
figure,dimensions, or details before mentioned, as they will admit of variation
without departing from the nature of my Invention; the form given in the
Drawings is only to be taken as an-illustration; but what I claim is, the com-
bination of what I have called a steam generator A, within an outer casing B,
arranged with flue, fire box, and interior castings C, E, with water heating
pipes b,and perforated pipes, substantially as herein described and combined
therewith, Plate I., as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Ferdinand Charles Wärlich, have here
into set my hand and seal, this Eighth day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
.Witness,
GEO. PITT.
F. C. WARLICH. (L.S.)