IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC LIDS FOR SAUCEPANS AND OTHER ARTICLES OF HOLLOW-WARE, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE SAID MANUFACTURE
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Ryland, of West Bromwich, in the
County of Stafford, Mechanical Engineer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC LIDS FOR SAUCEPANS
AND OTHER ARTICLES OF HOLLOW-WARE, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE SAID MANUFACTURE."
Sealed the 19th March 1869, and dated the 16th December 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Ryland at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th December 1868.
I, FREDERICK RYLAND, of West Bromwich, in the County of
Stafford, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC LIDS FOR
SAUCEPANS AND OTHER ARTICLES OF HOLLOW-WARE, AND IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE SAID MANUFACTURE," to be as follows:-
In the ordinary manufacture of the said lids the top of the lid is made
of a disk of sheet metal, and the rim consists of a hoop made by
rivetting together the ends of a strip of sheet metal, the said top and
rim being connected together by the edge of the said disc being turned
oyer upon a flange on the edge of the hoop or rim.

page_text: My Invention consists, firstly, in making the top and rim out of one
piece of sheet metal. This I effect by first raising a disk or blank into
the figure of a shallow cylindrical cup with a flat or slightly concave
bottom and applying pressure to the top of the said cup so as to force
out a flange or hollow ring near the botton of the said cup. The said
flange or hollow ring being flattened forms the edge of the lid, the
unchanged open end of the cup forming the rim which fits in the vessel
with which the lid is used while the bottom of the cup constitutes the
top of the lid.
My Invention consists, secondly, in machinery or apparatus to be
employed in the manufacture of the said lids. The said machinery or
apparatus consists essentially of the following parts. A die fixed on the
hed of a press is provided with a depression proper to receive the bottom
of the shallow cylindrical cup herein-before referred to, which said cup
is raised by dies and pressure in the ordinary way. A plunger of a size
proper to fit accurately the interior of the cup has a rising and falling
motion over the said die, and upon the said plunger a collar or ring
slides, the upper part of the said collar works freely but loosely upon the
said plunger while the lower part of the said collar is of somewhat
larger internal diameter. There is thereby between the said lower
part of the collar and the plunger an annular space in which the upper
part of the cylindrical cup can enter. In using this machinery the cup
is put on the lower die the plunger descends and fills up and supports.
the said cup. The ring or collar next descends upon the plunger and
the shoulder formed at the junction of its lower and upper parts coming
upon the edge or top of the cup forces down the said cup. The upper
part of the said cup being supported by the plunger within and by the
lower collar or ring without is incapable of yielding to the pressure
applied. The unsupported portion of the cup, that is the lower part,
consequently expands forming a hollow flange. This hollow flange is by
the continued descent of the collar on the plunger flattened and brought
into a proper shape by being compressed between the bottom of the
said ring and the top of the die. I prefer to actuate the moveable parts of
the said machinery or apparatus by means of hydraulic power but I do
not limit myself thereto.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Frederick Ryland in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 10th June 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
RYLAND, of West Bromwich, in the County of Stafford, Mechanical
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Frederick Ryland,. Her special licence
that I, the said Frederick Ryland, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as the said Frederick Ryland, my executors
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN.
THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC LIDS FOR SAUCEPANS AND OTHER ARTICLES OF
HOLLOW-WARE, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE SAID
MANUFACTURE," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Frederick Ryland, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters.
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick Ryland, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thercof, that is to say :-
In the ordinary manufacture of the said lids the top or body of the
lid is made of a disk of sheet metal, and the rim consists of a hoop made
by rivetting together the ends of a strip of sheet metal, the said top or
body and rim being connected together by the edge of the said body
being turned over upon a flange on the edge of the hoop. or rim..

page_text: My Invention consists, firstly, in making the body and rim out of one
piece of sheet metal. This I effect by first raising a disk or blank into
the figure of a shallow cylindrical cup or dish with a flat or slightly
concave bottom, and applying pressure to the top of the said cup or dish
so as to force out a flange or hollow ring near the bottom of the said
cup or dish. The said flange or hollow ring being flattened forms the
projecting edge of the lid which rests upon the top of the vessel with
which the lid is used, the unchanged open end of the cup or dish forming
the rim which fits in the vessel, while the bottom of the cup or dish
constitutes the top of the lid.
My Invention consists, secondly, in machinery or apparatus to be
employed in the manufacture of the said lids. The said machinery or
apparatus consists essentially of the following parts:-A die fixed on the
bed of a press or machine is provided with a depression proper to receive
the-bottom-of-the-shallow cylindrical cup or dish herein-before referred
to, which said cup or dish is raised by dies and pressure in the ordinary
way: A plunger of a size proper to fit accurately the interior of the cup
or dish has a rising and falling motion over the said die and upon the
said plunger a collar or ring slides. The upper part of the said collar
works freely but closely upon the said plunger while the lower part of
the said collar is of somewhat larger internal diameter. There is
thereby left between the said lower part of the collar and the plunger
an annular space in which the upper part of the cylindrical cup or dish
can enter. In using this machinery the cup or dish is put on the lower
die, the plunger descends and fills up and supports the said cup or dish;
the ring or collar next descends upon the plunger and the shoulder
formed at the junction of its lower and upper parts coming upon the
edge or top of the cup or dish forces down the said edge of the cup or
dish. The upper part of the said cup or dish being supported by the
plunger within and by the lower part of the collar or ring without is
incapable of yielding to the pressure applied; the unsupported portion
of the cup or dish, that is, the lower part consequently expands forming
a hollow flange; this hollow flange is by the continued descent of the
collar on the plunger flattened and brought into a proper shape by
being compressed between the bottom of the said ring and the top of
thc die.
Having explained the nature of my Invention I will proceed to
describe, with reference to the accompanying Drawings, the manner in
which the same is to be performed.

page_text: Figures 1, 2, and 3 represent partly in section and partly in elevation
the dies or tools which I prefer to use in raising from a disk or blank
of sheet metal the shallow cylindrical cup or dish from which the lid is
afterwards formed. The same letters indicate the same parts in
Figures 1, 2, and 3.
a is the lower or fixed die on the bed of the press or machine, and 6 is
the moveable tool or plunger capable of working in the said lower or
fixed die a; c is the pressure plate for holding down the disk of sheet
metal upon the lower die, and preventing the rising of the said metal
during the descent of the plunger or tool 6. The plunger b and pressure
plate c may be worked by the press or machine in the ordinary way.
The disk or blank of sheet metal from which the cylindrical cup is to be
made is placed on the lower die a as represented at d, Figure 1, the
pressure plate c then descends upon the said disk preventing its edges
from rising during the descent of the plunger. By the descent of the
plunger the disk d is drawn into the lower die a, and shaped by the
said die a and the plunger b, as represented in Figures 2 and 3. In
Figure 2 the cup or dish is represented partially raised, the plunger b
being in the act of descending in the lower die, and in Figure 3 the
cup or dish is represented completed, the plunger being nearly at the
end of its stroke, I take the shallow cylindrical cup or dish marked e in
Figure 3, and by means of the machinery or apparatus represented
partly in section and partly in elevation in Figures 4, 5, and 6. I form
therefrom a metallic lid. The same letters of reference indicate the
same parts in Figures 4, 5, and 6. The said machinery or apparatus
consists of a lower die f, fixed on the bed of a press or machine, a
plunger h, and a ring or collar i sliding upon the said plunger. The
dichas a depression in it suited to receive the bottom of the shallow
cylindrical cup or dish, and the plunger is of a size proper to fit
accurately the interior of the said cup or dish. The upper part of the
collar works frccly but closely upon the plunger / while the lower part
of the said collar at is of somewhat larger internal diameter. An
annular space is thereby left between the part 2 of the collar i and the
plunger h into which space the upper part of the cup or dish e can enter
as represented. At the junction of the upper and lower parts of the
collar or ring i an annular shoulder is formed, which shoulder acts
upon the cup or dish e in the manner herein-after explained. The
plunger has a rising and falling motion, and is worked by preference
by the ram of a hydraulic press. The collar i hus also a rising and
h

page_text: falling motion, the said collar being worked by a supplementary cylinder
of the hydraulic press. The motions of the plunger and collar are so
arranged that the said plunger completes its descending stroke and
enters the cup or dish e in the lower die before the collar commences
to descend upon the plunger.
In using the machinery or apparatus Figures 4, 5, and 6 the cylindrical
cup e is placed in the lower die fas represented in Figure 4. The
plunger descends and fills up and supports the said cup or dish e in
the fixed dief, The ring or collar i next descends upon the plunger h.
In Figure 4 the said ring or collar i is represented covering the upper
part of the cup or dish e and about to act upon the said cup or dish.
As the ring or collar i descends upon the plunger the shoulder at
comes against the edge or top of the cup or dish e and forces down the
said edge or top, the lower part of the cup or dish is thereby expanded
or pressed outwards and a hollow flange k is formed as represented in
Figure 5. By an examination of Figure 4 it will be seen that the upper
part of the cup or dish e is supported by the plunger / within and by
the lower part of the collar or ring i without, and the said upper part of
the cup or dish is incapable of yielding laterally to the pressure applied
to the top of the cup or dish, the bottom of the cup or dish is also
supported internally by the plunger and externally by the-die f
Hence the unsupported portion of the lower part of the cup or dish
situated between the top of the die fand bottom of the ring or collar i
is expanded outwards by the pressure applied to it and forms the hollow
flange k. By the continued descent of collar i on the plunger the
hollow flange k, Figure 5, is flattened and brought into a proper shape
by being compressed between the bottom of the ring or collar i and the
top of the die fas represented in Figure 6 where the ring or collar is
shown at the end of its stroke. The flattened ring or flange of the
cup or dish e is marked . By the operations described a metallic lid
is formed, the open end e of the lid, Figure 6, which has been unchanged
by the formation of the flange l forms the rim which fits in the vessel,
the said flange 7 forms the projecting edge of the lid, and the bottom m
constitutes the top of the lid. The lid is finished in the ordinary way.
Instead of making the cylindrical cup or dish e with a flat bottom as
represented it may be made with a slightly concave bottom. In this
case the bottom of the plungers b and h are made convex and the
bottom of the lower die, Figures 4, 5, and 6, is made concave.
I prefer
to actuate the plunger and ring or collar i by hydraulic power

page_text: as herein-before described, but I do not limit myself thereto as the
said parts may be actuated by screws, cams, or other mechanical means
with nearly the same effect. As the manner in which motion is commu-
nicated to the moving parts of the apparatus, Figures 4, 5, and 6, differs
in no essential respect from that employed for similar purposes I have
not thought it necessary further to describe or to represent the same.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I
do not limit myself to the precise details herein described as the same
may be varied without departing from the nature of my Invention; but
I claim as my Invention,―
Firstly. The improvements in the manufacture of metallic lids for
saucepans and other articles of hollow ware herein-before described and
illustrated in the accompanying Drawings, that is to say, making the body
and rim of the said lids out of one picce of sheet metal, by first raising
a shallow cylindrical cup or dish, forcing out a flange or hollow ring
near the bottom of the said cup or dish, and finally flattening the said
flange or hollow ring to form the projecting edge of the lid, substantially
as described and illustrated.
Secondly. The improvements in machinery or apparatus herein-before
described and illustrated in Figures 4, 5, and 6 of the accompanying
Drawings for forming the projecting edges or flanges of the said metallic
lids from shallow cylindrical cups or dishes, that is to say, the combination
of the lower die f, plunger h, and ring or collar i, 2, 3, the said die and
plunger and ring or collar supporting and the said ring or collar
operating upon the shallow cylindrical cup or dish, substantially as
described and illustrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Ryland, have hereunto
set my hand and scal, this Seventh day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
Witness,
JOHN REUBEN UNDERHILL,
West Bromwich.
FREDERICK RYLAND. (L.s.)