IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING WHAT ARE COMMONLY CALLED COP TUBES FOR SPINNING MACHINERY, APPLICABLE ALSO TO MAKING OTHER TUBES OF PAPER OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Smith Knott, of Oldham, in the County of
Lancaster, Manager, and Joseph Edward Harrison, of the same
Place, Mechanical Draughtsman, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING WHAT ARE COMMONLY CALLED COP
TUBES FOR SPINNING MACHINERY, APPLICABLE ALSO TO MAKING OTHER TUBES
OF PAPER OR SIMILAR MATERIALS."
ealed the 12th April 1876, and dated the 14th October 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Smith Knott and
Joseph Edward Harrison at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 14th October 1875.
We, SMITH KNOTT, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Manager,
5 and JOSEPH EDWARD HARRISON, of the same Place, Mechanical
Draughtsman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING WHAT ARE COMMONLY CALLED COP
TUBES FOR SPINNING MACHINERY, APPLICABLE ALSO TO MAKING OTHER TUBEs of
PAPER OR SIMILAR MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists firstly in the amplovment of a snindle unen.

page_text: which the paper or other material to be operated upon is wound,
revolving within a pair of dies, and by means of which we are enabled
to make conical tubes (when desired) from parallel strips of the
material. Within a pair of dies of the required diameter and shape we
insert a constantly revolving spindle and conduct a continuous strip of
the material thereto. This material may be pasted as now practised,
but a special method will be hereafter described, and it is severed into
required lengths as it is presented to the revolving spindle, upon which
it is rolled to form the tube, being at the same time swaged against the
surface of the dies. After it has been sufficiently rolled and swaged
the finished tube is thrust from the spindle by a collar which advances
upon it, the dies opening against the pressure of springs or weights,
and thus allowing the said collar to enter.
We propose to flute the aforesaid spindle, and to one of the dies we
adapt a projecting part, which resists the lateral motion of the strip of
material and turns over its edge so as to facilitate the formation of a
conical tube. For feeding the material, pasting it, and causing it to be
severed into definite lengths, we propose the following arrangement :-
A strip of paper wound upon a reel is drawn therefrom by a pair of
rollers driven so as to perforate or partly sever it at required distances
apart. These rollers then pass the strip onward to other rollers, which
press it upon a travelling cloth supplied with paste or other such matter,
and in this moist pasted condition it is conducted to the aforesaid dies
and revolving spindle. As this spindle revolves it exercises a certain
amount of tension upon the material, which being detained by rollers or
other suitable means becomes severed at its perforated part, and the
length required to be wound upon the spindle is thus determined.
Different lengths are provided for by suitable change wheels.
The aforesaid perforations or partial severance may be effected if
desired in a separate machine, or detached portions of material may be
fed to the spindle and dies.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Smith Knott and Joseph Edward Harrison in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 13th April 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, SMITH
KNOTT, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Mill Manager, and
JOSEPH EDWARD HARRISON, of the same Place, Mechanical Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in
the thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto us, the said Smith Knott and Joseph
Edward Harrison, Her special license, that we, the said Smith Knott
and Joseph Edward Harrison, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said Smith Knott and Joseph Edward
Harrison, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with and no others, from time to time, and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING WHAT ARE COMMONLY
CALLED COP TUBES FOR SPINNING MACHINERY, APPLICABLE ALSO TO MAKING OTHER
TUBES OF PAPER OR SIMILAR MATERIALS," upon the condition, amongst
others, that we, the said Smith Knott and Joseph Edward Harrison,
by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the
hand and seal of one of us, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Smith Knott and Joseph Edward
Harrison, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement and accompanying
5 Drawings, that is to say :-
Our Invention refers to machines for making cop and other tubes in ›

page_text: which the material is fed in a continuous length to a spindle constantly
revolving within a pair of dies, and consists,-
Firstly. In a method of breaking the said strip into the necessary
lengths for being wound upon the said spindle.
Secondly. In an adaptation to the dies for facilitating the making of
conical tubes.
And, Thirdly. In a system of opening the dies for the purpose of the
discharge of a finished tube.
In the accompanying Drawings Fig. 1 shews a longitudinal section of
a machine constructed according to an arrangement by which our
improvements may be carried into effect; Fig. 2 is a plan view of the
same; and Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, detached views, which will hereafter be
particularly referred to.
At 1 is the main shaft of the machine provided with the usual fast
and loose pulleys 2, and upon this shaft 1 is mounted a spindle 3
corresponding in shape to the interior of the tube to be made. This
spindle is situate within a die formed in two parts 4, 5, carried by levers
6, 7, which are capable of turning upon a centre 8, the relative positions
of the said parts 4, 5, to each other being regulated by a block 9, and in
such manner as to leave an annular space around the spindle correspond-
ing to the thickness of the tube to be made. Another office of the
block 9 will be hereafter referred to. Within a standard projecting
from the framework of the machine is a spindle 10, upon which is a
spring 11 abutting against a boss and set screw 12, by means of which
the strength of the said spring may be regulated, and this spring
therefore presses the lever 6 downwards until it registers the position of
the part 4 of the die through the medium of the block 9, and a similar
arrangement of spindle and spring denoted by the same number of
reference with the addition of an * acts upon the other lever 7. The
levers 6, 7, are provided with projections 13, 14, which are at certain
times acted upon by tappets 15, 16, carried by a shaft 17, by which
means the die 4, 5, is capable of being opened to be closed again when
necessary by the springs 10, 10*, after the tappets 15, 16, have left the
projections 13, 14. Upon the spindle 3 is mounted a sleeve 18 so as to
be capable of sliding thereon, which sleeve is furnished with a grooved
collar 19, situate within which is pin 20 projecting from a lever 21
capable of turning upon a centre 22, and the said lever 21 carries a

page_text: roller 23 projecting into a groove 24 of a cam mounted upon the
shaft 17. This cam therefore is capable of sliding the lever 18 upon
the spindle 3, and in such manner as to pass into the die 4, 5, when the
two parts thereof are opened for the purpose of discharging a finished
tube which has been made upon the said spindle, as will hereafter be
described. At 26 is a roller over which and over other rollers 27, 28,
there passes an endless band 29 of flannel or other such material, the
said band passing under a roller 26*, and at 30 is another endless band
of the same material passing over rollers 31, 32, 34, and the said two
endless bands are therefore pressed between the rollers 26*, 32, both of
which are mounted in a bracket 34 of the framework, but the former
(26) is weighted towards the latter by means of a saddle piece 35 which
carries two rods 36 provided with a weight at their lower ends, thus
the endless belts 29, 30, become gripped between the said two rollers
26*, 32. At 29* is a third band passing between rollers 40, 41, and
around other rollers 41, 41, 41°. The rollers 28, 41, are mounted in a
frame 37, which is capable of being slidden longitudinally upon guides
38 for a purpose hereafter to be described, and the rollers 40, 41, and
another pair 42, 43, are also carried by the same standard,
the upper of
the said rollers 40, 42, being weighted upon the lower by means of a
saddle piece 44 and weighted rod 45. The roller 42 is provided with
projecting spikes 46, which as they revolve pass into grooves 47 formed
on the periphery of the lower roller, the construction of these parts
being particularly shown in the detached Figs. 3 and 4. The standard
37 also carries another pair of feed rollers 48, 49, which however are not
weighted, and these constitute the primary rollers to receive the materials.
Figs. 5, 6, 6*, and 7 represent in three detached views the die 4, 5,
spindle 3, and sleeve 18, and it will be seen that the part 4 of the die is
formed with an angular recess. Some details of these parts will be here-
after referred to, and also the method employed for diving the several parts
of the machine; but we shall explain our Invention more clearly if we
describe in the first place the combined action of the operating parts.
The spindle 3 is caused to revolve rapidly within the die 4, 5, and the
several rollers in the directions of the arrows, those shewn at 40, 41, 26*,32
being driven at the same surface speed, but the rollers 42, 43, are caused
to rotate at a slightly slower speed, so that the former act as drawing
suit-
rollers. A parallel strip of paper or other such material is cut by any
able apparatus, the width of such strip corresponding to the length of the

page_text: tube to be made, and this is passed from a rcel or other receptacle
between the rollers 48, 49, and fod to the rollers 42, 43, which by their
rotation pass it forward to the next pair of rollers 40, 41, but while this
takes place the spikes 46 arrive in contact with the paper, and form
perforations across its width. From the rollers 40, 41, the now per-
forated strip is received by the band 29*, and is conveyed between the
rollers 40, 41, and endless bands 29, 30, the latter of which revolves in
contact with a roller 60 situate in a paste trough 61, as does also the
band 29*, and the endless bands therefore convey adhesive material to
the strip of paper, which being thus carried forward passes to the grip of
the drawing rollers 40, 41, and these pulling it forward against the hold
of the rollers 42, 43, which, as before stated, revolve at a slower surface
speed break the said strip at its weakest part, that is, at the place where
it is perforated, and thus a definite length is obtained for the desired
thickness of tube. According to the positions of the parts shewn a
length thus broken off has been fed (in the manner to be described) to
the dic 4, 5, and the rotation of the spindle 3 has lapped it thereon, the
said spindle swaging the material against the inner surface of the die,
and completing the form of the tube. This having been accomplished
the tappets 15, 16, arrive in contact with the inclines 13, 14, and by
causing the levers 6, 7 to turn upon their centre 8, open the die by
separating the two portions 4, 5, thereof. Immediately this has been
done the cam 24 acts upon the lever 21, and the pin 20 thereof thrusts
forward the sleeve 18 along the spindle 3, stripping off the finished tube,
and discharging it into any convenient receptacle. The sleeve 18 then
rapidly retreats, and the two parts of the die are for a short period kept
open, by which time another length of paper, detached as above described,
has been carried forward by the bands 29, 29, 30, and is now presented
to the spindle 3, and the tappets 15, 16, ceasing to act the die is imme-
diately closed by the springs 11, 11*, and the same operations as those
above described are repeated, by which means a succession of tubes is
produced by a self-acting operation from a continuous parallel strip of
material. As regard the longitudinal form of the tube that will, of
course, depend upon the shape of the die within which it is swaged, and
that shape may be either a cylinder or a cone; the latter is the form
shewn in the Drawings, and in order to facilitate the production of that
shape we adapt an arrangement to the die, which is shewn particularly
at Figs. 6 and 7. The paper, as it has been seen, is fed to the constantly
revolving spindle 3, which we now assume to be of a conical form, and

page_text: the tendency therefore is for the said material to run up towards the
larger diameter of the spindle, that part having the greatest circum-
ferential velocity, to check which we form a recess in the two parts 4, 5,
of the die, and place therein a tongue 61 attached to one of such parts,
so that the material in running up the spindle arrives in contact with
the said tongue, and is thereby turned over so as to dispose of the super-
fluous quantity, and after the die has been allowed to close by the
revolution of the tappets 15, 16, it is allowed to partially open during
the swaging against the force of the springs 11, 11*: In order to ensure
the material being taken up by the spindle we form flutings upon it,
as shewn in the Drawing, particularly at Fig. 6*.
It will be seen that the several rollers which carry forward the
material are mounted in a portion of the framework 37, which is
formed as a box, and the sides thereof preserve the parallel motion of
the said material.
According to the above description the strip of paper is fed to a
continuously revolving spindle, but the said spindle might be caused
to revolve with an intermittent motion, and the same movement
imparted to the material.
According to the arrangement shewn in the Drawing the length of
paper for each tube necessarily corresponds to the distance between the
two sets of spikes 46; but suppose that some intermediate length of
the paper be required then the spikes must be arranged accordingly,
but inasmuch as the breaking point at the perforation is soon after
the strip leaves the rollers 42, 43, the distance from A to B must not
be less than the distance between the perforations, and it is for this
purpose that the rollers 42, 43, 48, 49, are placed in the frame 37,
capable of sliding on the guides 38, and of being fixed in any desired
position by the nut 62.
According to the arrangement shewn the die 4, 5, has to open for cach
half revolution of the rollers 42, 43; but if the said die has to open
for an entire revolution, or for a different portion, then the driving
gearing (presently to be referred to) must be altered to secure the proper
relative motions.
Instead of perforating the paper in the machines which coils it, such
perforations might be effected in any suitable manner previously to
being applied to the machine, and instead of perforations commonly

page_text: so called any other partial severance which weakens the paper at the
proper distances apart might be adopted.
It may be necessary sometimes when the machine is stopped to open
the dio by hand for the purpose of cleaning it. To effect this we
mount the block 9 upon a centre and apply a handle 63 thereto, by
turning which the levers 6, 7, may be forced apart and any extraneous
matter removed from the die.
If a further cleaning be required the spindles 10, 10*, and their
springs may be moved one side, hollowed out parts 65 being provided for
that purpose.
The method of driving the various parts above described may be
varied in any suitable manner; but we will now refer to the arrange-
ment shewn in the Drawings, the pitch lines of the wheels being shewn
in Fig. 1 in different colors in order to distinguish the several trains.
The main driving shaft is at 1 upon which there is a pinion 70 in gear
with a wheel 71 turning with a pinion 72 in gear with a wheel 73 which
runs loosely on the shaft 74; but the said wheel is provided with a
driver 75 (Fig. 1) taking into the teeth of a ratchet wheel 76 fast on the
said shaft 74, and it is thus driven indirectly for a purpose hereafter
to be mentioned. Upon the shaft 74 is a pinion 80 gearing into a
wheel 81 which takes into a wheel 82 upon the axis of the roller 43,
and upon that axis is a wheel 83 (yellow line) which by means of an
intermediate gives motion to a wheel 84 on the axis of the roller 41.
The rollers 40, 41, and 42, 43, are geared together as shown in the
Drawing. The rollers 26*, 32, are driven by a wheel 90 taking into a
pinion on the latter, the two said rollers being geared together. The
pinion 70 on the main shaft 1 gives motion to a wheel 91, on the axis
of which there is a pinion 92 taking into a wheel 93 on the axis 17, and
thus rotatory motion is imparted to the acting parts of the machine,
and change wheels may be adapted in any convenient manner for
arranging the respective motions.
The Drawings shew pullies 100 which may be used to drive the
paste cylinder 60, and vary if desired the quantity of adhesive material
conveyed.
The object of driving the shaft 74 by the ratchet wheel 76 is to adjust
the rollers if necessary to the proper delivery of the material

page_text: Having thus described and ascertained the nature of our said In-
vention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, we desire
it to be understood that we claim as secured to us under the above in
part recited Letters Patent,―
Firstly. The use of perforated or partly severed strips of material for
facilitating the separation thereof into requisite lengths.
Secondly. The use of the tongue 61 or its equivalent for turning the
end of the material when making conical tubes.
Thirdly. Opening the dies, substantially as described, for the entrance
of that part which discharges the finished tube.
In witness whereof, we, the said Smith Knott and Joseph Edward
Harrison, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twelfth
day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and seventy
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