matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSUMING AND UTILIZING SMOKE
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Cowan, John Cowan, and
Phineas Cowan at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 13th October 1854.
We, HENRY COWAN, JOHN COWAN, and PHINEAS COWAN, all of New Gravel
Lane, Shadwell, in the County of Middlesex, Soap Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSUMING AND
UTILIZING SMOKE " to be as follows:-
We propose to receive the smoke at its exit from furnaces, chimneys, and
other vents by an arrangement of tubes conducting such smoke to a vacuum
or vacuums. The smoke will by these arrangements be prevented issuing into
the atmosphere. We also propose to utilize the smoke collected for making
illuminating gas, and for other commercial purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CRUSHING, WASHING, AND SEPARATING ORES AND MINERALS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Russell Crampton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
March 1854.
I, THOMAS RUSSELL CRAMPTON, of 15, Buckingham Street, Strand, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CRUSHING,
WASHING, AND SEPARATING ORES AND MINERALS" to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in arranging hollow drums or pans, so that when
they vibrate or rock, a ball or other form of weight, with mercury being
placed in them, they will substantially do the work required at the lowest
portion of the drums or pans. The machine consists of a hollow drum or
segment of a drum, in which a ball or other suitable form of weight is placed,
this hollow drum being made to rock or roll on its exterior, similar to the
motion of a cradle, or on centres or bearings. The rocking, rolling, or vibratory
movement backwards and forwards being made by a crank and connecting rod,
or by any other convenient means, motion being given to the drum or pan, the
ball or other suitable weight will remain substantially at the bottom, which
will turn backwards and forwards by the action of the drum or pan. In this
drum or pan is placed (when required) the mercury, which always remains
under or close to the ball. The ore or mineral to be crushed, or crushed and
amalgamated, is put into the drum or pan, and is brought. under the ball as the
drum vibrates or rocks; water, warm or cold, is also allowed to run into the
drum during the process of crushing, &c.

page_text: The lighter particles will flow off with the water from openings or other
contrivances arranged in the drum for this purpose, while the mercury, if used,
will be amalgamated with the metal, such as gold and silver; any other form
of rocking, rolling, or vibratory motion may be made to obtain the same object
other than described.
The claim consists in arranging hollow drums or pans, or segments of the
same, so that when they alternately roll or rock, a ball or other suitable weight,
with mercury being placed in them, the work to be done is substantially
concentrated at one point, or the lowest portion of the drum, also in washing
and grinding minerals by the same means without mercury.
The drum or pan may be arranged to turn completely round-one or more
times, and then reversed and turned in the opposite direction, the number of
times being regulated according to the quantity of ore accumulated after
passing the ball.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS SQUARE SAILS, AND IN THE METHOD OF REEFING THE SAME
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Louis Stocks and
Thomas Watson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 23rd June 1853.
We, GEORGE LOUIS STOCKS, of Limehouse Hole, Poplar, in the
County of Middlesex, Ship Chandler, and THOMAS WATSON, of No. 49,
Buttesland Street, Hoxton, in the same County, Rose Engine Turner,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS SQUARE SAILS, AND IN THE METHOD OF
REEFING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
A roller is suspended from the lower fore quarter of the yard at each
end thereof, and also in the centre, in the manner described in Figure (1),
and at each end of the roller is a metal worm travelling in contrary
directions, with a fair leader on each metal worm.
The sail is attached to the roller by a jack stay. A triangular por-
tion of the centre of the sail is cut out, and the vacant space in the
sail caused thereby is filled up by a distinct triangular sail, which is
hereafter called the centre sail. Ropes or chains are attached to the
edges of this triangular sail, and also to those edges of the main sail
which adjoin those of the triangular sail, and these ropes or chains lead

page_text: to the deck abaft the sail. On the chains or ropes clamps or grooves
travel suspended from the roller, through which the chains or ropes travel
upwards with the sail to the roller. The centre sail remains stationary
until the main body of the sail is reefed, when it may be reefed to a
yard to which it is attached. On the outer edges or leaches of the
main portion of the sail is a chain or rope which travels through a clamp
or grove attached to the fair leader, and keeps the sail properly ad-
justed whilst being reefed. The sail is reefed by means of a small
lever purchase under the slings of the yard, worked by two ropes from
the deck.
Figure 1, represents the sail abaft before reefing. A, is the yard;
B, is the roller; C, C, are the metal worms at each end of the roller;
D, D, are the fair leaders on the metal worms; E, is the main portion
of the sail; F, is the centre sail.
Figure 2, represents the sail fore about two thirds reefed.
Figure 3, represents the form of the clamps or groves through which
the chains or ropes travel which attach the centre part of the sail to
the other part. The square clamp or grove is adapted for chains, and
the round clamp or grove for ropes.
Figure 4, represents the metal worm at each end of the roller with
the fair leader and clamp or grove annexed, through which the chain
or rope on the outer edges or leaches of the main sail pass.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gurney at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th April
1854.
I, JOHN GURNEY, of Bradford, in the County of York, Wool Stapler, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS" to
be as follows:-
My Invention refers to a method of adapting the bobbins to spinning
machinery. The spindles are mounted as usual, but pass freely through short
tubes, which rest loosely upon or are attached to the copping rail; over these
tubes the bobbins are passed, but they are so bored out, that projecting parts at
their upper ends rest upon the tubes, upon which they consequently run. The
bobbins are kept in central positions by means of bushes formed at their lower
ends or upon the tubes.
PRINTING AND FIXING SELP AND OTHER COLORS IN CHINA, EARTHENWARE, PARIAN, GYPSUM, STONEWARE, BRICKS, BLOCKS, BATS, SLABS, TILES, QUARRIES, GLASS, METALS, HARDWARE, GUMS, AND GUMMEOUS SUBSTANCES, AND PAPIER MACHE WARE
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Venables and Arthur Mann
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 21st December 1854.
We, JOHN VENABLES and ARTHUR MANN, both of Burslem, in the County
of Stafford, Earthenware Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "PRINTING AND FIXING SELP AND OTHER COLORS IN CHINA,
EARTHENWARE, PARIAN, GYPSUM, STONEWARE, BRICKS, BLOCKS, BATS, SLABS, TILES,
QUARRIES, GLASS, METALS, HARDWARE, GUMS, AND GUMMEOUS SUBSTANCES, AND
PAPIER MACHE WARE," to be as follows:-
As far as regards china, earthenware, parian, gypsum, stoneware, bricks,
blocks, bats, slabs, tiles, and quarries, we take plates of wood, stone, metal, or
other hard material, and carve or engrave them, by means of instruments
or acids, with the pattern, device, or design intended to be fixed in the said
articles of ware and manufacture. We afterwards rub into the said plates
the self or other colors to be so fixed, until the carved or engraved parts are
filled with the same. We then lay a fabric of paper or cloth upon the plates,
and subject the same to a degree of pressure, by which means the self or other
colors are deposited on such fabric, and the same is or are then brought into
contact with the said articles of ware and manufacture while they are in a

page_text: plastic or slip state, or in any other susceptible state to receive within them
the said pattern, device, or design.
As far as regards glass, metals, and hardware, we obtain a pattern, device, or
design, upon a fabric as before described, and afterwards bring the same into
contact with glass, metals, and hardware while they are in a fused, soft, or
heated state. As far as regards gums and gummeous substances and papier
machè ware, we also use the same means to obtain a pattern, device, or
design upon a fabric, and apply the same to gums and gummeous substances
and papier mache ware while they are in a soft and plastic state.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING SQUARES OF CORK
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Seithen at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th August 1854.
I, JOHN SEITHEN, of 18, Wakefield Street, Brunswick Square, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
CUTTING SQUARES OF CORK" to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the cutting of pieces of cork into suitable
lengths to be afterwards shaped into corks and bungs.
For this purpose I employ a blade or knife attached to the end of a lever
which is jointed to the side of a table, and the blade is governed in its move-
ment by a guide. The blade or knife moves at an angle to the edge of the
table, so as to make an angular cut in its downward movement. The pieces
of cork are placed on the surface of the table, and conducted by the hand
under the edge of the knife, the end of the cork being placed in contact
with an adjustable stop fixed to the table, so as to determine the length of
cork to be cut.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING ANIMAL SUBSTANCES
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Auguste Chenu and François
Frederic Pillias at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 20th October 1854.
We, LOUIS AUGUSTE CHENU, Baker, and FRANÇOIS FREDERIC PILLIAS,
Contractor, of the Town of Fontainebleau, in the French Empire, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
PRESERVING ANIMAL SUBSTANCES" to be as follows:-
We prefer using for the purposes of our Invention the flesh of the fore and
bind quarters of animals, as being the least sinewy and fat.
We first cut up
the flesh in pieces, and then immerse it in boiling water for about two minutes,
in order to deprive it of the portions likely to become putrid. After taking it
out of the water, we place it for about a minute in a perforated vessel to allow
it to drain. We next just plunge the flesh for about a second in a bath,
composed of water and sal-ammoniac, in proportions which may be varied,
according to circumstances, and after removing it therefrom we spread it on a
sieve or riddle, and leave it to dry for about 24 hours in a stove or drying
chamber, maintained at a temperature of about 138° Fahrenheit.
The meat is then ready, and when thus prepared does not even require to
be kept in hermetically closed cases, but may be exposed to the open air and
to contact with other descriptions of food or articles. The meat thus prepared
may be either cooked or eaten without further preparation.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN PROTECTING COIN FROM WEAR AND FRAUD, AND RENDERING IT MORE CONVENIENT FOR USE
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lucien Vidie at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th January 1854.
I, LUCIEN VIDIE, of 95, Palais Royal, Paris, and 4, South Street, Finsbury,
London, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN PROTECTING COIN FROM WEAR AND FRAUD, AND RENDERING IT MORE
CONVENIENT FOR USE," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in covering partially or completely coins of precious
metals with a metallic or other durable substance, thereby rendering them
more convenient for use, and protecting them from wear and fraud.
One mode consists in affixing to the coin one or more pieces of metal or
other substance, by means of stamping, rivetting, soldering, casting, or other
suitable processes.
Another mode consists in setting the coin in a circular metallic framing of
less value than the coin, which value would, however, become part of the
whole.
The two parts could be united by striking them at one blow, or one or both
might be struck at first, and by a second operation the edge or rim of one
might be beaten down on the projecting rim made on the other, or by pressing
the one in a groove or empty space made in the other.

page_text: The frame might also be cut through, and allow the precious metal composing
the coin to be seen on both sides, or one side might have a recess, in which the
small coins would be set.
By this means the dimensions of the coin are increased, and the coin is
better protected from wear or fraudulent reduction.
IMPROVED MACHINERY APPLICABLE TO THE HULLING OR CLEANING OF GRAIN, SEEDS, AND OTHER VEGETABLE PRODUCE
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gustav Adolph Buchholz at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th December 1854.
I, GUSTAV ADOLPH BUCHHOLZ, of Hammersmith, in the County of Middle-
sex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED MACHINERY APPLICABLE TO THE HULLING OR CLEANING OF GRAIN, SEEDS,
AND OTHER VEGETABLE PRODUCE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements upon an Invention for which I
obtained Her Majesty's Letters Patent, dated 24th December 1853.
In the Provisional Specification of this Patent I described the runner of
the mill (which is threaded like a screw) as conical, and provided with a spiral
channel on its periphery. I have, however, found that it may with advantage be
made in other shapes, as concave, convex, or cylindrical, or even in segments set
radially round the driving shaft; a thread or worm being cut on its periphery,
as in the former instance. The lining also of the case which contains the
runner I form of segment pieces, which may take a conical, cylindrical, or
other figure, to suit the figure of the runner, and these I advance towards the
runner as they are worn away by the continued working of the machine. In
the hulling or cleaning of rice and some other seeds, I propose to employ two
machines, one for removing the husk or coating, and the other for polishing the

page_text: seed. For the latter purpose I propose to use a runner, covered with flannel
or other soft friction surface.
Instead of a rotating stone or friction surface, provided with a channel or
thread on its periphery, I propose to use as an equivalent therefor a recipro-
cating friction surface, similarly provided at its periphery with a channel or
thread, which, as it moves in the grain or other substance under operation, will
effect the required disturbance therein for producing the hulling or cleaning
action.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th March
1854.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES,"
being a communication from Mesdames Adrienne Elisabeth Figuier and
Euphrasic Chérault, of Paris, in the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment of a number of hooked needles,
similar to crochet hooks, which are fitted side by side in a sliding needle
carrier, and at distances apart, to correspond with the length of stitch to be
made. The material to be sewn is held between two 'platès, having a longi-
tudinal opening in the centre, to admit of the passage of the needles through
the material. On the side of the material opposite to that by which the
needles enter are arranged a series of catches, similar to bell cranks, hinged
loosely upon a common centre composed of a horizontal wire. The vertical
arms of these catches serve to retain a certain amount of slack thread upon
the front of the material; such slack being afterwards required for the
formation of loops behind the material to be sewn. The needle carrier is
now pushed forward, thereby pushing the hooked portion of the whole of the

page_text: needles simultaneously through the material. A thread, supplied by a bobbin
on any part of the machine, is now laid over these hooks, and passed also
round the vertical arms of the catches herein-before described, the horizontal
arms of which may be slightly weighted. The needle holder is then brought
back again, and the needles or hooks bring the thread along with them,
thereby forming a series of loops on the opposite or inner side of the material;
through this series of loops is passed a second-thread; when the loops are
released and drawn tight, thus completing the stitching of a length of seam
equal to the length of the series of needles by one double stroke of the
needle holder.
AN IMPROVED CARDING MACHINE, FOR THE PURPOSE OF CARDING COTTON, WOOL, ALPACA, MOHAIR, FLAX, Tow, SILK, OR ANY OTHER FIBROUS MATERIAL
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Halliday at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th November 1854.
A communication.
I, JOHN HALLIDAY, No. 100, Stocks St, Cheetham Hill Road, Man-
chester, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
CARDING MACHINE, FOR THE PURPOSE OF CARDING COTTON, WOOL, ALPACA, MOHAIR,
FLAX, Tow, SILK, OR ANY OTHER FIBROUS MATERIAL," to be as follows:-
I employ a series of cylinders (instead of one main cylinder, as now in use,)
on which the material to be carded is worked by means of working cylinders
placed thereon. Other rollers or cylinders are likewise employed for keeping
the working parts from being filled up with the fibres of the material passing
through the machine.
Additional improvements are also employed, by which the wood or other
material may be removed from the machine in one or more slivers, and by
which it can also be separated into more than one quality These additional
improvements consist in making use of a doffer roller, having the cards on
its surface so arranged as to leave a space of about one inch, or a little
more, all round, so that when the sliver is taken off by the comb it falls into
two or more parts, according to the number of divisions made.
I also

page_text: employ drawing heads or drawing machines fixed on the sides of the carding
machines for the purpose of removing the slivers. I also make use of two
doffer rollers, which I so arrange as to enable one to take off a portion of
the coarsest fibres of the material undergoing the process of carding, and the
other the finer parts, thus producing two qualities. ..
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN GRINDING MILLS
Year: 1854

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bell-
ford at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition;
on the 3rd May 1854.-A communication.
I, AUGUSTE EDOUARD LORADOUX BELLFORD, of 16, Castle Street, Holborn
(City), London, and now of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN GRINDING
MILLS" to be as follows:-
My improvements consist of a grinding apparatus erected on a suitable
frame. On the upper part of this frame stands a hopper, whose feed is regu-
lated by a cylinder driven from a horizontal shaft by means of a handle or
pulley; on the cross beam are fixed the step of the mill spindle and a double
conical shell. In the upper shell, which is grooved inside, moves a cone, which
being more obtuse than the outer cone, the space between the two cones lessens
downwards, so as to grind finer and finer. The lower cross rail is moveable by
means of set bolts, and the distance between the grinding cone and its shell is
thus regulated.
The flour ground by the action of the grooved cones falls by the lower cone
into the bolting mill.
The mill spindle is driven from the horizontal shaft by means of bevil gear.
The driving may be either by hand or by power.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN BREWING
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Collis at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th November 1854.
I, WILLIAM COLLIS, of Barnes, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN BREWING" to be
as follows (that is to say), to consist in heating the hops by a process of
infusion preparatory to their boiling with the wort, whereby I am enabled
to obtain the valuable and essential property of the hops more effectually,
with considerable saving in the hops, and labour and cost of brewing. This
I effect by steeping or infusing the hops in the wort at a temperature of
about one hundred and ninety-six degrees Fahrenheit for about three-quarters
of an hour, and then boiling such infusion in the wort in which the hops
have been so steeped or infused for about a quarter of an hour, instead of
boiling the hops and wort together for a period of about two hours, according
to the present practice, as hitherto pursued.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING TEXTILE FABRICS OR MATERIALS FOR THE PURPOSE OF THEIR BETTER RETAINING COLORS APPLIED TO THEM
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Sutherland Edwards at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
January 1854.-A communication.
I, HENRY SUTHERLAND EDWARDS, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Gentle-
man, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PREPARING TEXTILE FABRICS OR MATERIALS FOR THE PURPOSE OF THEIR BETTER
RETAINING COLORS APPLIED TO THEM" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the preparation of textile materials or fabrics for
the better fixing the colors to be afterwards dyed or printed upon them, by
passing such textile materials or fabrics through a bath consisting of water,
holding in solution alum, sulphate of zinc, protochloride of tin, caustic potash,
and nitric acid, or other chemicals possessing properties of a nature analogous
to the above. In preparing the bath the alum, sulphate of zinc, protochlorido
of tin, and caustic potash are each separately dissolved in water, and after
each has become completely dissolved, the whole are then thrown into one
bath, and the nitric acid is added.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF MANUFACTURING SOLUBLE SILICATES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
May 1854. A communication.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF MANUFACTURING
SOLUBLE SILICATES" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a new and economical mode of preparing soluble
silicates to be used as a manure, either alone or in combination with guano,
phosphorite, or other manures in common use; or in the formation of artificial
nitre beds, or for any other purpose to which these silicates may be found
applicable. As the source of the soluble silicates, feldspar, or the slag of
furnaces, particularly of iron furnaces, is employed, the feldspar or the slag
(which is mostly composed of a double silicate of lime and alumina with
excess of base,) is first ground in any desired quantity and then mixed with
caustic lime and soda ash upon a hard floor or pavement. The compound is
now made into a sharp heap, and kept wet by daily applications of a shower
of water for a month, more or less, when the soluble silicate will be fully
formed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MEASURING WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1854

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Travis at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th September
1854.
I, EDWIN TRAVIS, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinner,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR MEASURING WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS " to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in the novel application of a slide valve, cylinder,
and piston as at present in use and employed in steam engines, and so
arranged with suitable apparatus as to indicate or register the numbers of any
given quantity of fluid which may pass through it. I effect the measurement
by securing the inlet pipe to the meter, allowing one of the passages from the
slide valve to the cylinder to be open. The fluid by its pressure, whether
supplied from a cistern or force pump, will necessarily drive the piston to the
opposite end of the cylinder from which the supply is admitted. The piston
when arrived at either end of the cylinder causes its rod to come into contact
with an appropriate arrangment of levers and tumblers, or other mechanical
equivalents, in connection with the slide valve; the effect of which is to
shift the slide valve and open the other passage or channel for the fluid,
thereby causing the repropulsion or reciprocating movement of the piston.
The outlet of the fluid to be measured is situated between the two channels

page_text: of the slide valve, and the water from thence in its passage (say, for
instance,) to a boiler, passes through a valve opening against the pressure
of the fluid. This valve is connected with a float within the boiler, which,
when the water is below its proper level, lifts the valve and allows a flow
or supply to enter, but when the water is at its proper height, the valve is
released and closed by the extra pressure of the supply in the pipe. This valve
being closed, the pressure on either side of the piston will become equal, and
the piston consequently stationary; the valve once reopened, the action of the
piston in its given traverse recommences to measure and indicate the quantity
passing through it. The indicating apparatus may be attached to any con-
venient acting part of the machinery.
MAKING CHARCOAL
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Charlton Forster at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th November 1854.
I, WILLIAM CHARLTON FORSTER, of No. 84, Hatton Garden, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "MAKING
CHARCOAL" to be as follows:-
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF IRON GIRDERS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Edwards Wilson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
April 1854.
I, JAMES EDWARDS WILSON, of 30, Gt. George Street, Westminster, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF IRON GIRDERS" to be as follows:-
Wires, rods, bars, or tubes of wrought iron, either straight, curved, twisted,
interwoven, or wound into a spiral form, are introduced into the moulds of any
form that may be required; cast iron is then run into the moulds, filling up
the spaces not occupied by the wrought iron. Or the wires, rods, bars, or tubes
of wrought iron, either straight, curved, twisted, interwoven, or wound into á
spiral form, are introduced into the molten metal after the same is run into the
moulds of the required form. There is thereby formed a combination of the
two metals, which gives greatly increased strength.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR PULPING OR REDUCING VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lucas at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th August 1854. P.)
I, JOHN LUCAS, of the City of Lincoln, Agricultural Implement Maker, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR
PULPING OR REDUCING VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an arrangement of machinery for reducing turnips
and other vegetable matters to a pulpy mass. In carrying out this Invention,
I provide a hollow roller, the periphery of which is composed of sheet iron, or
sheet steel, and punched full of holes from the inside, so as to form a gratered
surface. The turnips or other vegetable substances to be reduced to pulp arc
fed to the machine from a hopper, and pressed up against the gratered surface
by a sliding presser, and rotary motion being communicated to the gratered
roller, the turnips will be reduced to a pulp, fit for mixing with other matters
as food for animals.
The pulp passes through the pierced holes in the periphery of the roller, and
is discharged at one end thereof into any suitable receptacle. To facilitate the
discharge of the pulp, I either make the roller conical, to get an inclined
surface for the pulp to slide down, or I make the roller cylindrical, and set it
at an inclination, and thereby attain the same end.
AN IMPROVED INKSTAND
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Armand le Comte de
Fontaine Moreau at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 13th December 1854.-A communication.
I, PETER ARMAND le Comte DE FONTAINE MOREAU, of 4, South Street,
Finsbury, London, and 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention of "AN IMPROVED INKSTAND" to be as
follows:-
The inkstand consists of a reservoir A and a cup A', in which latter the
pen is dipped. The reservoir A is fitted at top with a piston, similarly to
apparatus for preparing ærated waters. The bottom of the reservoir A fits
air-tight into the top of the cup A', with which it is put into communication
by a narrow opening X. The diameter of the orifice X is calculated so as to
overcome the pressure of the ink above, which is caused to descend in the
required proportion by pressing down the piston a, and admitting sufficient
atmospheric air from without to overcome the equilibrium of pressure within.
THE CONVERSION OF PEAT INTO COLOURS
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Manière, Jean Baptiste
Adolphe Piette, and Jean François Mermet at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 16th August 1854.
We, EDWARD MANIÈRE, JEAN BAPTISTE ADOLPHE PIETTE, and JEAN
FRANÇOIS MERMET, all of No. 31, Bedford Row, Holborn, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE
CONVERSION OF PEAT INTO COLOURS" to be as follows :-
The object of this Invention is manufacture colours by means of peat and
chemical agents. For this purpose, the peat is purified and condensed, and
chemical agents are introduced into it, which by their various properties turn
the peat into various colours. Among the chemical agents used in the conver-
sion of peat into colours are oxides, nitrates, and sulphates; all these chemical
agents must be previously dissolved in a small quantity of water before they are
introduced into the peat. Once dissolved, the same is well mixed with the
peat, which is then pressed into some form or other and left to dry. When
perfectly dry, the peat thus mixed is burnt, and the ashes resulting from the
combustion of the same is the colour.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MEASURING THE FLOW OF WATER OR OTHER LIQUIDS AND FLUIDS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hossack at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th September
1854.
I, JOHN HOSSACK, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MEASURING THE FLOW OF WATER OR OTHER
LIQUIDS AND FLUIDS" to be as follows:-
I propose to make a plate of any suitable metal or material in the form of
a segment of a circle, at the plane of which I place a flexible tube, made of
caoutchouc, leather, waterproof cloth, or any material or metal that will be
sufficiently flexible. In connection with the said plate I fix two discs, to cor-
respond with the said segment of a circle, and near the edges of these discs I
fix rollers at given distances, which revolve with the discs and also on their
These rollers are placed to such a diameter on the discs as to flatten
the flexible tube against the curved plate, so that as the water or fluid is
passing through the flexible tube it forms a kind of wedge, and thus gives
motion to the discs to indicate the quantity of liquid or fluid that passes
through.
AN IMPROVED PROPELLER, APPLICABLE TO THE NAVIGATION OF SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1854

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Lannes at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd February
1854.
I, ALFRED LANNES, Marquis of Montebello, Proprietor and Champagne
Wine Merchant, of Mareuil-sur-Ay, France, do hereby declare the nature of
the Invention for "AN IMPROVED PROPELLER, APPLICABLE TO THE NAVIGATION OF
SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in the application of one or more cylindrical sectors,
placed at the stern of a vessel below the water line, so as to be completely sub-
merged. They are mounted upon a vertical or nearly vertical axis (actuated
by steam or any other suitable motive power), which imparts to them a
vibratory movement through an arc of a circle, which causes the radiating or
plane surfaces of the sector or sectors to produce an effect analogous to that of
oars, and thus propel the vessel through the water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELS, AXLE BOXES, AND BRAKES FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1854

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Edward McConnell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
April 1854.
I, JAMES EDWARD MCCONNELL, of Wolverton, in the County of Bucking-
ham, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELS, AXLE BOXES, AND BRAKES FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES"
to be as follows:-
These improvements in the parts of railway carriages relate, in the first
place, to the construction of wheels in one piece from wrought iron plate or
slab, by pressure in moulds, the pressure in moulds, the pressure being
obtained by any convenient power. The improvements in the construction
of axle boxes relate to axle boxes of the construction for which Henry
Vigurs obtained Letters Patent for England on the 4th day of November
1851; and my improvements thereon consist in forming the washer, which
fits on the shoulder of the axle, and acts as the means of retaining the grease
on the axle box, of wood or any other material suitable for the special
purpose for which it is designed. The improvements in break blocks consist
in forming cast or wrought iron shoes or frames to hold the wood or other
material of which the block is formed, or in forming the brakes of alternate
blocks or layers of wood and of metal or other suitable materials.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marie Amédée Charles Mellier
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th October 1854.
I, MARIE AMÉDÉE CHARLES MELLIER, of Paris, do hereby declare the nature
of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER " to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in preparing pulp for the manufacture of paper in
the following manner:-I take straw or other vegetable fibrous materials and
cut them into short lengths, wash them well, and soak them in warm water;
I then place them in a suitable close vessel, where they are retained between
two plates of perforated metal and boiled, under a pressure of at least fifty-six
lbs. per square inch, by means of steam passing through a worm, or by other
suitable means, with a solution of caustic potash or soda, of about from one to
three degrees Beaumé; they are afterwards well washed with hot water, and
then cooled by admitting cold water to the vessel, and when bleached with
hypochlorite of lime, or otherwise, are fit to be manufactured into pulp and
paper in the ordinary manner.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF 5 RIBS OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS, AND OF BUSKS AND SUBSTITUTES FOR BONES OF STAYS AND DRESSES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Josef Chanes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th April 1854.
I, JOSEF CHANES, of 4, Davies Street, Berkeley Square, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
5 RIBS OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS, AND OF BUSKS AND SUBSTITUTES FOR BONES OF
STAYS AND DRESSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of the application of horn made into the required
form for the ribs of umbrellas and parasols, and for the busks and substitutes
for bones of stays and dresses.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN DIRECT-ACTING MARINE ENGINES
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
August 1854.-A communication.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN DIRECT-ACTING
MARINE ENGINES" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in transmitting the power of the working piston to
the crank of the propeller shaft by a single connecting rod, of comparatively
great length, attached to a cross head, placed at the opposite end of the cylinder
to that which faces the propeller shaft. This cross head is moved by two
piston rods, working through stuffing boxes, also placed at the opposite end
of the cylinder to that forming the propeller shaft. The carrying out this
principle of employing a single and comparatively long connecting rod for
transmitting the power directly from the cross head to the crank of the
propeller shaft, by placing the cross head at the opposite end of the cylinder
to that which faces the shaft, may be effected in either of the two following
ways:-
1st, the cross head is attached to two piston rods, firmly secured at opposite
sides of an annular piston, working between an exterior and interior cylinder,

page_text: the connecting rod being at liberty to move within and through the interior
cylinder, which is open at both ends.
2nd, or the cross head is attached to two piston rods, each being firmly
secured to the piston of an ordinary cylinder, the connecting rod in that case
working between the two cylinders.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MILL BANDS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Henry Causton, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
March 1854.
1, ROBERT HENRY CAUSTON, of Battersea, in the County of Surrey, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF MILL BANDS" to be as follows:-
This Invention, by which metallic rivets in mill bands may be dispensed
with, consists of turning up the edges or ends of a band of leather or other
suitable material, and of fastening or securing these edges or ends down to the
said band, by passing a slip or strip of the same material through holes made
in the edges or ends so turned over and in the band itself; and of joining
pieces of leather or other suitable material in a similar manner for mill
bands.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF LIFTING OR LOWERING WEIGHTS OR HEAVY BODIES BY STEAM OR HAND POWER
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas and Samuel Baker,
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 21st December 1854.
We, THOMAS and SAMUEL BAKER, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF LIFTING OR LOWERING WEIGHTS OR HEAVY
BODIES BY STEAM OR HAND POWER" to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists of an improved crab winch, with the application of
an ordinary direct-acting steam engine or pair of engines, and their combina-
tion and arrangement. The engines are fixed upon the same foundation plate
and framing as the crab winch, and connected to the first motion shaft of the
crab by the crank of the steam engine. The power is multiplied by means of
a screw or worm working into a worm wheel on the drum shaft of the winch,
with an arrangement of wheels for turning by hand when required, as well as
a system of levers and break for lowering the weight. This form of steam
crab winch is applicable to discharging or loading vessels, and facilitating
many other necessary operations on board ships, as well as for hoisting heavy
bodies and other useful purposes on land.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO MACHINES FOR WARPING, SIZING, OR OTHERWISE PREPARING YARNS OR THREADS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1854

page_text: proceed wrin the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Harrison, John Oddie,
John Eaves, and Henry Graham at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 16th September 1854.
We, JOSEPH HARRISON, Machinest, JOHN ODDIE and JOHN EAVES, Me-
chanics, and HENRY GRAHAM, Power Loom Manager, all of Bl: ckburn, in the
County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO MACHINES FOR WARPING, SIZING, OR OTHERWISE
PREPARING YARNS OR THREADS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
It relates to mechanism or apparatus to be applied to machines above
referred to, by which threads may be selected to form a "lease" without the
assistance of the ordinary comb or healds.
The mechanism or apparatus here referred to is more particularly intended
for sizing machines, acting on the principle of those known as "tape leg sizing
machines," and it is intended to perform the office of the healds and combs
used in ordinary tape leg sizing machines, and at the same time secure the
advantages and facilities in sizing resulting from dispensing with them.
The mechanism or apparatus employed consists of a series of needles
combined together in the comb form, having hooked or forked ends, or a comb
having short and long slits, which when a lease is required are inserted in the
warp, so as to push or draw from the warp those threads required to bo
separated or selected from the others.
MENTS IN THE CONSUMPTION OR PREVENTION OF SMOKE
Year: 1854

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Robertson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th July 1854.
I, JAMES ROBERTSON, of Kentish Town, in the County of Middlesex,
Cooper, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSUMPTION OR PREVENTION OF SMOKE" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar arrangement of furnaces or fire-places
for effecting the consumption of smoke and unconsumed products of combustion,
wherein the fire is contained in a much smaller superficial space than in ordi-
nary furnaces, and a greater degree of heat will be obtained, whilst the products
to be consumed are brought nearer to the mouth of the furnace, and are con-
sequently more under the controul of the fireman. The furnace bars employed
are much shorter than usual, and are situated lower down, in order. that a
greater depth of fuel may be carried thereon. The bridge is inade to overhang
the bars considerably in the direction of the furnace door, and immediately in
front of this overhanging portion of the bridge is fitted a moveable inclined
grating or series of bars, which oscillate upon a fixed centre at the back of the
stationary furnace bars. This grating is inclined at considerable angle over
the burning fuel in the direction of the furnace door, with which it is connected
by a chain, which is so arranged, that on opening the door to supply fuel, the
grating is caused to oscillate slightly on its fixed centre, in the direction of the
furnace door, and press upon the fuel at the back. On feeding the fire, the fuel

page_text: is thrown back against the inclined grating, which, when the door is closed
resumes its original position, by the aid of a weighted lever or other suitable
arrangement. By this means a space is always left between the face of the
grating and the mass of fuel, whereby a free ingress for the oxygen is afforded.
The air enters partly through the furnace bars in the ordinary manner from the
ash pit, and partly by a separate and distinct pipe, which has an expanded
mouth, in the front of the ash pit, and communicates with air passes formed
in the front of the bridge, immediately behind the oblique or inclined grating,
herein-before described. The air which enters from the back impinges upon
the surface of the fuel, and, from the peculiar form of bridge, the heated air
and gases from the back of the furnace will have to traverse forward under the
projecting portion of the bridge before they can escape into the flues, and by
this means they will encounter the smoke and unconsumed gases from the
front portion of the furnace, which will thereby be effectually consumed before
entering the flues.