matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CERTAIN PARTS OF THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS, COMMONLY CALLED 'CROSSINGS
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nathaniel Miller and Robert
Graham at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Peti-
tion, on the 27th July 1854.
We, NATHANIEL MILLER, of Guide Bridge, in the County of Lancaster,
Railway Inspector, and ROBERT GRAHAM, of the same Place, Overlooker, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF CERTAIN PARTS OF THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS,
COMMONLY CALLED 'CROSSINGS,'" to be, as follows:-
Considerable difficulty and danger having hitherto been experienced by the
want of such an arrangement of apparatus, whereby perfect rigidity may be
ensured at such parts or portions of points or "crossings" on the permanent
way of railways where it is requisite to shift or shunt a train of carriages or
trucks from one line of railway to another, we have so arranged our apparatus
or machinery as to remove the above objectionable difficulty and danger, and
preserve the side rails and tapered centre rail or "crossing piece" firmly in
their relative positions, and doing away with all probability of an extended
leverage, tending to elevate, depress, or laterally shift the point between the
centre of the rails.
One of the methods at present in use and usually adopted is to form the
centre rail of the crossing by tapering the sides or surfaces of the rails which

page_text: meet, thus necessarily weakening each rail at that particular place where
strength is most required.
In such a position we propose to employ a solid block or "crossing piece" of
metal, tapered as required, and bolted at its apex to its side rails, with inter-
vening space occupied by small blocks or wedges, preserving the proper space
between the side rails and centre block, and the said wedges, plates, or blocks
so placed as to be below the action or passage of the tyre of the wheel, having
bolts properly secured and passing through the whole. The base or broad end
of the solid block or "crossing piece" receives against it the entire section of
the two rails (neither of which are tapered), besides being furnished with a
tongue piece, which fully occupies and passes some distance into and between
the hollowed out portion of the side of the rails. It will now be evident, that
as the rails converge to a point, the tongue piece of the solid block between
the rails (to occupy its proper space) must assume a wedge shape when such
respective parts are bolted together with the aid of "fish" pieces or plates. On
cach side of the rail a joint will be formed, perfectly rigid and firm, and by a
peculiar arrangement of the chairs, as well as the method employed in securing
the apex of the block, all danger from the depression, elevation, or lateral
shifting of the "crossing" will be entirely prevented.
A MEANS OF COMMU- NICATING INTELLIGENCE FROM ONE PART OF A RAILWAY TRAIN TO ANOTHER, AND FROM ONE-PLACE TO ANOTHER
Year: 1854

page_text: the 2100.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jeremiah Briggs at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th April
1854.
I, JEREMIAH BRIGGS, of Derby, in the County of Derby, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A MEANS OF COMMU-
NICATING INTELLIGENCE FROM ONE PART OF A RAILWAY TRAIN TO ANOTHER, AND FROM
ONE-PLACE TO ANOTHER," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in communicating intelligence through a winding,
flexible acoustic pipe or tube, which is wound upon a reel when not required,
and unwound and carried to any part to which intelligence may be desired to
be communicated when communications become necessary.
For a railway train, the reel with a flexible tube wound upon it, may be fixed
in the guard's van, and when the train is formed one end of the tube is to be
fixed on the engine, while the other end, which is fitted with a mouth-piece, is
retained in the van for the guard to speak through.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES AND FIRE-PLACES, AND IN THE PREVENTION OF SMOKE
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Taylor at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th January
1854.
I, WILLIAM TAYLOR, of How Wood, in the County of Renfrew, North
Britain, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES AND FIRE-PLACES, AND IN THE PREVENTION OF
SMOKE" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the arrangement of furnaces and fire-places for
steam boilers and other purposes with duplex furnaces, in such manner that
the products of combustion may be applied in a more effective manner than
hitherto, whilst the formation of smoke is prevented. In applying this system
of construction to a common steam boiler one fire-place or furnace is formed
at the front end of the boiler in the usual manner, and behind this furnace is a
hollow bridge through which air is passed from the external atmosphere to be
heated and passed out at the back through suitable apertures to meet the
gases and products of combustion from the front grate bars. The products of
combustion with the air so mingled with them, then pass onwards along the
flame, bed, or bottom flue to a second furnace. This second furnace is disposed
at right angles to the first, with its fire door at the side of the boiler or
furnace seat, the grate bars of course running across the path of the draught
from the front furnace. This second furnace has also a hollow bridge through

page_text: gaseous current
of the boiler or
which air is passed for being heated, and mingling with the
from the two furnaces. The ash pit is at the opposite side
seat to the fire door, so that the air passing through the bars is supplied at
this side instead of at the fire door side. A contrivance is also added at this
second bridge, whereby the air passing through it is made to pass over an
extended brick or other surface to gain superior heating power. By this
arrangement the two fires being fed alternately, the gaseous matters from the
first fire are effectually consumed in the second. Instead of tlie front end fire
the first furnace may also be disposed across the boiler's length like the second
one, the ash pit being on the reverse side. The numbers of fires may be
indefinitely multiplied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SHAKING STRAW
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Wethered at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th February
1854.
I, GEORGE WETHERED, of Maidenhead, in the County of Berks, Coal Mer-
chant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SHAKING STRAW" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the apparatus employed
in connection with thrashing machines for shaking the grain from the thrashed
straw as it proceeds from the beaters; and consists in the employment of a
series of bars or shafts arranged in a suitable framing, such bars or shafts
having a perforated plate or board or strips of wood or wire gauze attached
to them of the annexed form:
The curved front of each bent plate or wire gauze is made just to clear the
back of the plate in front, thus:
so that no straw will be
allowed to pass between the series of bent plates. A vibratory or rocking

page_text: motion is communicated to each and all of the bars by means of connecting
rods actuated by cranks or eccentrics so arranged as to work the bars in
opposite directions, or cause the position of each succeeding bar and plate to
be different, that is, every alternate bar and plate will be depressed or turned
down, whilst the intermediate ones will be turned upwards, as shewn by the
last diagram, and vice versa, as the movement proceeds.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF A NEW FUEL
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Coll MacDonald at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th September
1854.
I, COLL MACDONALD, of Westminster, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF A NEW FUEL" to be as follows:-
This Invention of Improvements in the Manufacture of a new Fuel consists
of a combination of hydrocarbons, such as turpentine, campbine, naptha, &c.,
with various salts and acids, &c. adapted to increase their heating power. The
fluid resulting from these combinations of hydrogen, carbon, & oxygen forms
a liquid fuel, which is well adapted for heating the boilers of steam engines,
and other similar uses. I propose to apply the heat arising from the combustion
of this fuel by means of lamps arranged beneath the boiler; the ordinary flues
may be dispensed with, as the flame does not give off smoke or soot.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING
Year: 1854

page_text: Toners of Intents, th his Ietition, on the 13th July 1854.
I, LIONEL LAWSON, of Paris, (France), Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING" to be as
fellows:-
This Invention relates to typographical printing, and consists in the use of
inks heated either directly or indirectly, whereby they may be employed much
stronger in steam presses than has hitherto been practicable; the consistency
of the ink being reduced by the action of heat without reducing its depth of
color, and consequently a finer description of work will be thrown off. These
inks are composed of well prepared varnish, and large proportions of lamp-
black; drying substances may also be introduced, as well as gums, which are
not applicable to cold inks. In some cases the inking tables and "form" may
be heated for the purpose of preventing a too rapid cooling of the ink, which.
is heated by any suitable arrangement, either in the ink-trough itself or sepa-
rately from the machine. Steam, hot water, heated currents of air, or other
means may be used for heating the ink.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN ORDNANCE
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Church and Samuel
Aspinwall Goddard at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 27th January 1854.
We, WILLIAM CHURCH, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Civil
Engineer, and SAMUEL ASPINWALL GODDARD, of Birmingham aforesaid, Mer-
chant and Gun Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN ORDNANCE" to be as follows:-
The Drawing represents our Invention in front and end elevation. a is the
bore of the gun, extending from one end to the other; b is a chamber in
which the compound wedge c, d, slides; the said wedge consists of the pieces
c, d. The picce d is jointed to the lever e, and by the raising and depressing of
the said lever, the wedge c, d, may either be placed in the position represented
or depressed till the hole a, in its upper part, coincides with the borc a.
When the wedge c, d, is in the position last described, the charge is intro-
duced at the end a', and by the depression of the lever c, the several parts are
brought into the position represented. f is a pin on the piece e, engaging in a
slot g, in the piece d; his an annular collar, having its inner edge inclined,
which said collar enters a square recess in the gun; i is a helical spring
resting on the arm k on the piece d, and bearing against the under side of
the piece c; the effect of the said spring i is to keep the piece c as much
higher than the piece d as the pin f in the slot g will permit. The action

page_text: of the several parts is as follows:-On raising the lever e, the piece d first
descends through the length of the slot g; the piece c afterwards descends
with the piece d, until the bore a is clear; after charging the lever e is brought
into the position represented; the pieces c, d, rise at first together, but the
motion of the piece c is arrested by its top coming against the stop 1; the
piece now proceeds alone, wedging against the piece c, so as to make it
bear against the collar h. A cotter m passed through the side of the chamber
b, holds the pieces c, d, firmly together. The use of the collar is to prevent
the escape of gaseous matter during discharge, the reaction on the inclined
face of the said collar causing it to bear against the piece c. That part of
the piece c, which bears against the ring h, consists of a moveable plate c',
which slides in a dovetail on the face of the piece c, and may he renewed
at pleasure. The essential novelties are the collar h, cotter m, and face
plate c'.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN GALVANIC, ELECTRIC, AND MAGNETIC APPARATUS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th March
1854. A communication.
I, WILLIAM JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN GALVANIC, ELECTRIC, AND MAGNETIC APPARATUS," that the said improve-
ments have beencommunicated to me from abroad, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to various arrangements and constructions of galvanic;
electric, and magnetic apparatus for the purpose of obtaining superior effects
therefrom. To this end the combination of apparatus is made of a form
approximating to that of concave and convex lenses, or sections of them. In
other terms, the plates composing the pile of the apparatus are not all of the
same size, the centre ones being large whilst the poles are small, or the reverse,
with the poles or ends large and the central details small; or instead of this
arrangement one pole is made large and the other smaller. In cell batteries
the interior cell or cells are made of a different height to the exterior ones.
The same general system is obviously applicable to the conductors and discs of
electrical machines, a difference being established between the sizes of the

page_text: centre and the ends, or between the sizes of the poles. In mariner's and
surveyors compasses, which are obvious examples of applied magnetism, the
same principle applies. Instead of pointing the magnetic needle at both
ends, one end only is pointed, or the central portion is made narrow whilst the
terminal portion is larger. The ends or centres of such needles are treated
galvanically with zinc, copper, or other metal coatings to equilibrate the
action. The boxes for the compasses are made of gutta percha to insulate
the instrument.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE TREATMENT OR MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTAL FABRICS
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Morison at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
June 1854.
I, JAMES MORISON, of Paisley, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE TREATMENT OR MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTAL FABRICS" to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to that part of the manufacture of fabrics of the
lappet class, wherein portions of the surface threads are cut from the picce to
bring it to the finished state. This cutting away of the threads is effected by
means of a number of cutting blades, carried spirally or otherwise upon a
cylinder revolving in contact with a series of stationary tapered blades, the
tapered sides of which constitute their cutting edges. The fabric to be treated
passes beneath the cylinder and the row of tapered blades, and the points of
the latter enter such portions of the whip threads as are to be cut away, these
threads being severed at the points of contact of the tapered blades with the
spiral or other blades of the transverse cylinder. The stationary tapered
blades, which are arranged beneath the revolving cutters, are in separate
individual pieces, and are rendered capable of adjustment individually or

page_text: altogether, both transversely and longitudinally as regards the fabric. The
tapered blades are pushed more or less under the revolving cutters, accordingly
as the transverse length of thread to be cut is greater or less. The upper sur-
faces of the stationary blades are level, their under sides being rounded to
form the cutting edges. The revolving cutting edges may either be disposed
parallel to each other, or they may be arranged to form a zig-zag lino round
the cylinder, or in any other suitable manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO MACHINES FOR WARPING AND SIZING YARNS OR WARPS
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Garnett at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th September
1854.
I, WILLIAM GARNETT, of Low Moor, near Clitheroe, in the County of
Lancaster, Spinner and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO MACHINES FOR WARPING
AND SIZING YARNS OR WARPS" to be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in an improved instrument by means
of which the yarns forming a warp are separated from each other, or, as it is
technically called, "taking a leese," to facilitate the operation of joining a
fresh warp to the end of one that has been woven into cloth. This instrument
consists of a comb with teeth, somewhat like the dents of a reed; each tooth
is formed with a hook, which may be slightly twisted, and its extremity is
pointed, or nearly so.. When a leese is to be taken, the warp is first separated
by a rod into two sheets; the instrument is then passed between the yarns;
and the lower yarns are caught by the hooks and drawn through the upper
ones, thereby forming a leese.
Another of my improvements consists in applying three or any greater
number of steam-drying cylinders to tape-sizing machines, and causing the
yarn to pass around them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CHAIRS AND RAILS FOR RAILWAYS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Wilkes at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th January 1854.
I, SAMUEL WILKES, of Wolverhampton, do hereby declare the nature of
my Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CHAIRS AND RAILS FOR
RAILWAYS" to be as follows :—
The object of this Invention is to obtain more correct support at the joint
chairs of railways. For this purpose the joint chairs are mado in such manner
that there is in each chair a bearing across it for the end of each rail, and the
end of each rail is notched or cut out to fit the bearing; and in order that the
chairs may better support the rails, the two jaws or checks of each chair are
formed correctly to slide on to the ends of the railway bars so as not to
require wedging.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING
Year: 1854

page_text: plication for Letters tent was not given within the ume prescrived
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Powley Alexander at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
June 1854. A communication.
I, EDWIN POWLEY ALEXANDER, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING," being a communication from
Monsieur de Louvrió, of St. Marc, in the Empire of France, Engineer, to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to the casting of toothed wheels, and consists of a
peculiar mode of constructing the moulds, whereby patterns are dispensed
with. The circular portions of the wheels, such as the rims and bosses, are
formed by a rotating arm with a scraper attached.. The spokes are formed by
suitably shaped scrapers, and the teeth are formed by inserting small pieces
of suitably shaped clay made hollow for the rim, such pieces or cores cor-
responding with the spaces between the teeth. They are put into their places
by the aid of an apparatus similar to a dividing engine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Baptiste Edouard Savary and
Jules Felix Hazard at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 20th September, 1854.
We, JEAN BAPTISTE EDOUARD SAVARY and JULES FELIX HAZARD, both of
Paris, in the Empire of France, and of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of our Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PUMPS to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in mechanical arrangements for the construction of
an improved pump.
In the annexed Drawing, A is a piston rod; B, piston; C and E, aspirating
valves; D and F, force valves; G, lid of the pump; L, ingress pipe; M, egress
pipe. By causing the piston B to lower towards I, I cause water to enter at
E, which is compressed by the valve F; the vacuum formed above the piston
forces the liquid to enter from E into G, during the time the valves D and C
are shut. By raising the piston B towards G, I open the valves C and D, and
shut the valves E and F; the liquid then escapes through D, and is aspirated
by C.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF ORNAMENTAL FABRICS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nicholas Michael Caralli at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
January 1854.
I, NICHOLAS MICHAEL CARALLI, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF ORNAMENTAL FABRICS"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of fabrics of the zebra class, such
fabrics being suitable for all the purposes to which ordinary zebra goods are
applied, with the advantage that they present a different and totally distinct
pattern or device on each side or surface. A plain, twilled, or other fabric is
used as the material for producing this duplex pattern, no flushing or back
lashing being used. Such fabric is then printed by any of the known means
with a distinct pattern or device in the zebra or similar style on each side,
so that the piece answers the end of showing two dissimilar styles of orna-
mentation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GATHERING GRAIN AND OTHER CROPS, AND SECURING THE SAME
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hadden Young at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd July
1854.
M
I, JAMES HADDEN YOUNG, of. 66, College Street, Camden Town, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GATHERING GRAIN AND OTHER CROPS, AND SECURING THE SAME,"
to be as follows:-
it worsh
For this purpose I place a framework on wheels propelled by any adequate
motive power. The vehicle in its forward progress causes an endless belt,
provided with projections, to lift up the grain or other crop into a receptacle
placed behind it, and when there, a sliding panel, like a piston, is moved by a
crank, and compresses the part of the crop taken up and lying in the receptacle
into a proper compass, and holds it firmly until a ligature secures it by either
of the following methods:-
First, whilst the bundle is firmly held, I cause a string of suitable material,
provided with a button at one end and a loop at the other, to pass round the
sheaf, and the button passing through the loop, the sheaf is bound, after which
it falls or slides from the vehicle.
Second, by another method I cause a species of clip with a smooth exterior
to move forward until it has enclosed one end of the grain or other crop up to

page_text: about midway of its length, and when it draws back, a circular band, made of
straw, hemp, or any suitable and cheap material is made to slide on the com-
pressed sheaf, and the clip opening, lets the tied sheaf fall on the ground. In
this case the bands are tied or buttoned in the form of a loop, and strung on
the clip before commencing work.
A NEW MANUFACTURE OF PULP FOR MAKING PAPER AND MILL- BOARD
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leon Castelain at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th November
1854.
I, LEON CASTELAIN, of No. 14, Saint James' Place, Hampstead Road, in the
County of Middlesex, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW MANUFACTURE OF PULP FOR MAKING PAPER AND MILL-
BOARD" to be as follows, that is to say :-
It consists in reducing hay, straw, or similar fibrous materials into short
pieces, subjecting such fibrous materials to a solution of lime, soda, potass,
pearlash, or chloride of sodium at a suitable temperature, and to nitric, sul-
phuric, muriatic, or hydrochloric acid. The fibrous material is then to be
further reduced by apparatus suitable for cutting or pulping, and after being
so pulped is to be pressed and treated with chloride of lime and water, when it
will be in a state similar to pulp made from rags, and suitable for the manu-
facture of paper and millboard in the ordinary manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SUSPENDED PURCHASES
Year: 1854

page_text: This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd October 1854.-A communication.
I, AUGUSTE EDOUARD LORADOUX BELLFORD, of 16, Castle Street, Holborn
(City), London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SUSPENDED PURCHASES," (a communication,) to be as
follows; and consists in a system of raising, conveying, and lowering heavy
bodies employed in the erection of bridges and such like structures over
streams or ravines, by means of suitable cables, tackles, & apparatus, stretched
across from point to point, and forming a fixed track, over or upon which
suitable carriages and adjusting apparatus can traverse, for the purpose of
transporting and depositing the material required to be so raised, conveyed, or
lowered.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING MINERALS FOR THE EXTRACTION OF THEIR VALUABLE METALS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Hunt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th April
1854.
I, EDMUND HUNT, of No. 40, Walcot Square, Kennington Road, in the
County of Surrey, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING MINERALS FOR THE EXTRACTION OF THEIR
VALUABLE METALS" to be as follows:-
I take the mineral from which the metal or metals is to be extracted, and
in the first instance subject it to heat in a reverberatory or other convenient
furnace. After having heated it, it is to be drawn from the furnace and
plunged into water to render it friable. I then crush and wash the friable
material in a pan, with a ball or balls, or in a groove or grooves, with an edge
wheel or wheels, or by any ordinary contrivance for crushing and washing, and
subject the material, during or after the process of crushing and washing, to
any ordinary amalgamating or any other process for obtaining the metal or
metals.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES OR FIRE-PLACES FOR STEAM GENERATORS AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1854

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed win the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Frost at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th August 1854.
I, HENRY FROST, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Time Keeper to
John Jobson Smith, of Roscoo Place, Sheffield, Stovo Grate Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FURNACES OR FIRE-PLACES FOR STEAM GENERATORS AND OTHER PURPOSES" to be as
follows:-
The object of my Invention is the more effectual combustion of fuel. In
fire grates of the ordinary construction, the coals are put upon cast-iron
grate bars, which are placed at a little distance apart, in order that the air
for supporting combustion may penetrate between them from below; but in
my improved furnace or fire grate, the coals are placed upon a bed of fire
brick or other suitable material, and the air is admitted over the fire-place;
part of the air is heated before it is conducted over the fire by down flues,
which are open to the atmosphere, and convey the air to a flue passing under
the bed which supports the fuel, and the remainder of the air is admitted to
the fire from a flue passing down between the firing door and an inner slide,
and by side flues made in the brickwork. All these flues are furnished with
dampers to regulate the quantity of air admitted.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN PROJECTILES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Frederick Padwick at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th December 1854.
I, WILLIAM FREDERICK PADWICK, of Hayling Island, in the County of
5 Hants, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN PROJECTILES " to be as follows:-
My Invention applies principally to cannon, but may be used with all
descriptions of fire-arms rifled or grooved internally. It consists in inserting
into the sides of the projectile, or forming it with, wings or feathers, pins
or studs, which, working or following in the grooves in the gun, cause the
projectile to rotate round its axis when discharged from the gun.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING WATER
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Lewis and Abraham
Bartle at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 18th September 1854.
We, THOMAS LEWIS and ABRAHAM BARTLE, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Machinists, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING WATER" to be as follows,
that is to say:-
Our Invention consists of improvements in apparatus for the purpose of
evaporating sea and other impure water by converting it into steam, &
condensing that steam in such manner as to produce a perfectly tasteless and
pure water. We employ a boiler with a furnace underneath, a pipe to supply
the impure water, and a steam pipe to carry off the vapour to the condenser,
which is a cylinder, provided with proper stop-cocks, &c. The steam pipe
terminates in a coiled pipe passing through this cylinder, the cylinder being
kept charged with cold water, which by means of an ingress and egress pipe
is kept constantly running. The condensed steam passing through the coil,
constantly surrounded with cold water, runs off at the end of the coil in a
state perfectly fit for use.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN VALVES FOR REDUCING THE PRESSURE OF STEAM
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Colin Mather at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th February
1854.
I, COLIN MATHER, of Salford Iron Works, Manchester, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN VALVES FOR REDUCING
THE PRESSURE OF STEAM" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a peculiar combination of apparatus for reducing
high pressure steam to lower pressure steam. And this is obtained by causing
the steam on the low pressure side of the valve to press on a body of mercury
contained in a receptacle in one end of a lever (which opens and closes the
valve), and forcing it to the other end of the lever, and thereby closing the
valve, and consequently reducing the pressure to the degree required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTATORY ENGINES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Parsons at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st June 1854.
I, WILLIAM PARSONS, of Paradise Street, Lambeth, in the County of Surrey,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ROTATORY ENGINES" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of employing a moveable cylinder in such manner
that the cylinder may when the engine is at work constantly change its
position, and be excentric to its axis, which retains a stationary position, but
rotates within the cylinder, and in such manner that the piston which is fixed
to the axis will be pressed on and moved continuously by the same steam or
pressing fluid so long as the axis is caused to rotate in the same direction.
There are various arrangements by which the cylinder may be free to move
in the manner above mentioned; a convenient one is, that the cylinder should
be suspended from and counterbalanced on a beam. On the axis or shaft,
which turns in suitable fixed bearings, there is fixed a piston, which divides the
cylinder into two equal compartments, the piston being for the most part ou
one side of the shaft or axis, which is made hollow and has two passages, one
opening out on one side of the piston, and the other opening out on the other
side of the piston. At each end of the piston is fixed a disc or end cover to
the cylinder, which discs or covers close in the cylinder at the two ends; hence

page_text: when steam or fluid is allowed to pass to and press on one side of the piston,
it will cause the piston to rotate with its axis, the cylinder moving (but not
rotating) so as to vary its position, but retain its excentricity to the axis. By
this arrangement it will be evident that so long as the axis or shaft is required
to turn in the same direction, the same steam or fluid will be retained in the
cylinder, and it will only be necessary to renew the supply when the engine is
to be reversed, for which purpose a cock or valve reverses the communications
of the passages in the hollow axis or shaft.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING AND CASTING METALS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Gibson and William
Knighton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 25th March 1854.
We, THOMAS GIBSON, Manager, and WILLIAM KNIGHTON, Foreman Moulder,
both of Staveley Works, Chesterfield, in the County of Derby, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING AND CASTING
METALS" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved arrangement of ovens for drying the
moulds previous to running in the metal, and consists in the employment of a
turn-table, which enables a constant supply of moulds to be conveyed to the
drying ovens. A certain portion of this turn-table is made to enter the drying
oven with the moulds to be dried, whilst the other portion is being supplied
with fresh moulds. It will thus be seen that the several operations of mould-
ing, drying, and casting are all effected in the same pit and upon the same
table, thereby effecting a great economy of time and labor. The turn-table is
put in motion by a clutch, which brings suitable driving gear into action, and
fresh moulds are passed into the oven, whilst the dried ones are brought out.
As soon as the moulds are turned out they are cast, then passed forward, the
castings got out, and the boxes made ready for the moulds again.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN PARTS OF MACHINES EMPLOYED FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON, WOOL, HAIR, SILK, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES OR MATERIALS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Garnett Taylor at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
January 1854.
I, WILLIAM GARNETT TAYLOR, of Norfolk Terrace, Westbourne Grove, in
the County of Middlesex, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN PARTS OF MACHINES EMPLOYED FOR
PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON, WOOL, HAIR, SILK, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES OR MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the use and employment of a material not hitherto
used, as a substitute for the leather or other material heretofore employed in
the construction of certain parts of preparing and spinning machines, the object
and intention of this Invention being to render the construction of such said
parts equally durable and quite as efficient, but considerably cheaper than
leather or other materials hitherto employed. And in order to explain the
nature of this Invention more fully I would remark, by way of example, that
the mode hitherto practised of constructing the upper tiers of drawing and
delivering and other rollers of preparing and spinning machines has been to
surround such said rollers with leather or other costly material. Now, since
each of such said machines contains several of such said covered rollers, it will
appear manifest that where several of these machines are employed, the covering
and re-covering of such said rollers is attended with considerable expense. And

page_text: it is proposed by this Invention to economise this expense by covering the
rollers, cylinders, and such other parts as are employed either for carding,
drawing, delivering, twisting, or otherwise operating upon the fibrous material
by substituting, in lieu of leather, a woven or felted textile material, the surface
of which is coated or covered with a varnish or composition which answers all
the purposes of leather. And I would remark that I propose to employ a
material similar to that now commonly made and extensively used as a
substitute for morocco leather for covering articles of furniture, and which
is well known and distinguished as American cloth, or prepared or artificial
leather, observing that for the purposes of this Invention it is important and
indispensable that the varnish or composition with which the surface is covered
should not be frangible but pliable, and capable of withstanding for a reasonable
length of time such pressure and abrasion as it may be subjected to in either
of the aforesaid operations. I do not; therefore, intend to limit or confine
myself to any precise mode of manufacturing such said varnish or composition,
but I employ for the purposes of this Invention any varnish or composition
which possesses the above properties, and that which is the least expensive
and which in other respects I find best calculated for accomplishing the object
of this Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STRENGTHENING CASTINGS OF IRON AND OTHER METALS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Adcock at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th October
1854.
I, HENRY ADCOCK, of London, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STRENGTHENING CASTINGS OF IRON AND
OTHER METALS" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of introducing rods or strips of wrought iron into
cast iron and other metals. The rods or strips of wrought iron are arranged
longitudinally and transversely across the moulds representing the objects to
be cast, prior to pouring into such moulds the liquid metal of which the castings
are to be made.
IMPROVEMENTS IN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MANURE
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Collis Nesbit at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th February
1854.
I, JOHN COLLIS NESBIT, of the Chemical and Agricultural College, 37 and
38, Lower Kennington Lane, Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MANURE" to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in dissolving in sulphuric acid by means of heat
(preferring free steam), leather, leather scrapings, or any fragments of leather,
for the purpose of manure; and also in the combination of the solution thus
made with bones, coprolites, and other similar substances, for the purpose of
manure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEREOSCOPES
Year: 1854

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis François Saugrin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
April 1854.
I, LOUIS FRANÇOIS SAUGRIN, of Paris, France, and 4, South Street, Finsbury,
London, Photographist, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEREOSCOPES" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing stereoscopes with moveable lenses
and collapsable springs, and rendering them more portable than heretofore.
A, Figures 1 and 2, is the cover or lid of the stereoscope case; E, aperture
for the passage of light; B, B, moveable lenses, set in a sliding piece to
facilitate the change of glasses; C, C, rectangular spiral spring, susceptible of
being entirely compressed; D, nose piece; black stuff is stretched around it,
so as to prevent the reflection of the face on the object; (F), aperture on
the bottom of the box to show the object by transparency; g, g, stuff covering
the spring.
Figure 3, elevation and side view of the spring, which can be entirely
compressed. Two springs might be employed instead of a single one to form
a kind of opera glass.
Figure 4 represents another form of spiral spring.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PULP SUITABLE FOR PAPER, PASTEBOARD, AND MILLBOARD, PAPIER MACHÉ, AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1854

page_text: by the Act.).
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Rossiter and Matthew
Edwin Bishop at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 16th October 1854.
We, WILLIAM ROSSITER, of Goswell Road, in the County of Middlesex,
Paper Manufacturer, and MATTHEW EDWIN BISHOP, of Cannon Street West,
in the City of London, Wholesale Stationer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PULP SUITABLE
FOR PAPER, PASTEBOARD, AND MILLBOARD, PAPIER MACHÉ, AND OTHER LIKE
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
We take rope, shakings, canvas, tow, bagging, or other similar materials
used in the manufacture of paper, and reduce the same to pulp in an ordinary
rag engine, adding a certain quantity of oil and alum or other equivalent
chemical agent, for the purpose of neutralizing any tar or other matter that
may be contained in the pulp; we then introduce into the rag engine about
an equal quantity of refuse tan, bark, or other vegetable matter, which may or
may not have been previously reduced to pulp, and we combine the same
thoroughly with the rope pulp. The pulp thus produced may be bleached or
not, as desired, and it is then manufactured into paper, &c. in the ordinary
manner.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Aspinall at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th February
1854.
I, JOHN ASPINALL, of King William Street, in the City of London, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
MACHINERY EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR" to be as follows:-
My Invention refers to that description of machinery in which molasses
is separated from sugar by means of a vacuum, or by exhaustion, the sugar
being prevented from being drawn with the molasses, by means of a wire gauze
or other suitable screen arranged or mounted round a cylinder or cone. A
second and outer perforated cylinder surrounds the inner one, and the sugar
is supplied to the space between the two cylinders from a hopper above.
Now it is found in practice that the sugar is apt to clog, whereby the perfect
action of the machine is to a great extent impeded. My improvement consists
in providing the inside of the outer cylinder with a screw thread or threads,.
either solid or in the form of a brush, whereby the sugar is not only caused to
advance, but the wire gauze or screen surrounding the inner cylinder is kept
clean.
AN IMPROVED MOP
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st April
1854.
I, WILLIAM SMITH, of the firm of Smith, George, and Company, of Witney,
in the County of Oxford, Woollen Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MOP" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in a new and peculiar mode of constructing mops,
whereby they are rendered more durable than heretofore. And this I effect
by so arranging, disposing, and attaching the absorbing material of which the
mop is to be made, as that both ends of each separate piece of such said
material are affixed to an iron spike, to which the handle is also affixed,
thereby forming a series of loops, which are considerably more durable than
when the ends of the material are cut, as commonly practised in manufacturing
mops. I would, however, remark, that I am aware of attempts having been
made to manufacture mops in double loops, bu tsuch attempts have, I believed,
failed, in consequence of the upper part of the mop not being capable of being
used. The object of this Invention is therefore to remedy such defect, by
making the mop in single loops, instead of double loops, as above stated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING THE BEARING PARTS OF SHAFTS AND AXLES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Crees Taylor at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th December
1854.
I, WILLIAM CREES TAYLOR, of 20, Catherine Grove, Greenwich, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING THE
BEARING PARTS OF SHAFTS AND AXLES" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of clothing the bearing parts of shafts and axles with
wood. For this purpose, a hoop or cylinder is formed around and fixed to each
of the bearing parts of shafts or axles, preferring that the grain of the wood
should, as nearly as may be, be arranged in radial directions to the central axis
of the shaft or axles, but this is not essential; and in using the same in metal
bearings, a good supply of water is to be kept up, and the wood should be
grooved on the surface.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC CASTINGS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Lister at the Office of the.
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd March 1854.
I, ALFRED LISTER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC CASTINGS" to be as follows,
that is to say-
The improvements consist in being enabled to dispense with the use of iron
or metal patterns in forming moulds for casting. As a substitute for these,
patterns are made in plaster of Paris, from which the moulds are subsequently
made in sand, and from these moulds the castings are produced.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO SPINNING, TWISTING, AND ROVING OR SLUBBING FLAX AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John McKelvey at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd December
1854.
I, JOHN MCKELVEY, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, Ireland, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
APPLICABLE TO SPINNING, TWISTING, AND ROVING OR SLUBBING FLAX AND OTHER
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in a novel arrangement, by means of which the
blade or traverse part of the spindles in such frames can be made much
shorter than is usual, thereby attaining greater steadiness with larger bobbins
than was before possible. This is effected by substituting for the usual twistles
or eyes at the end of the legs of the fliers moveable ones, which are caused by
a traverse motion to slide up and down the legs of the fliers, for the purpose of
distributing the yarn or material twisted over the length of the bobbin, which
is at present usually effected by causing the bobbins to traverse up and down
inside the flier, which arrangement requires the blade of the spindles to be as
long as the bobbin and traverse together, while on this improved plan it is
only necessary to make the blade as long as the bobbin.