CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELS, AXLETREES, AND BOXES, AND IN AND APPARATUS POR RETARDING OR LOCKING CARRIAGE WHEELS
Year: 1835

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PATRICK
SEYTON HYNES, of Paddington, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, send
greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the
Fourth, by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing
date at Westminster, the Twenty-fifth day of February, in the fifth year of
His reign, did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Patrick Seyton Hynes, His especial licence, full power, sole privilege
and authority, that I, the said Patrick Seyton Hynes, my exors, adiñors, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Patrick Seyton Hynes, my exors, admors,
or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELS,
AXLETREES, AND BOXES, AND IN AND APPARATUS POR RETARDING OR LOCKING
CARRIAGE WHEELS;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that
I, the said Patrick Seyton Hynes, shall cause a particular description of the
nature of my said Invention to be inrolled in His said Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same,
reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Patrick Seyton Hynes, do hereby declare that the nature of my said invented
improvements consists,-
Firstly, in constructing the wheels and axletrees of carriages of all sorts, in
such a manner and with such appliances that the wheels, one, two, or more,
can be instantly locked or unlocked either by the driver or other outside
attendant, or by a person seated inside, without its being necessary to alight
for the purpose, or to have recourse to the ordinary drag chain and slipper, or
any other such external and cumbrous means of arresting the rotation of the
wheels. And,
Secondly, in constructing the axletrec boxes of such an improved
form as to ensure not only a more sample and continuous supply of oil to the
rubbing surfaces, but a more equal and uniform distribution thereof along
and around the same, than is accomplished by any of the boxes now in use.
And in further compliance with the said proviso, I, the said Patrick Seyton
Hynes, do hereby declare that the manner in which my said invented improve-
ments is to be performed is fully shewn by the Drawings hereunto annexed,
and by the following description thereof, that is to say :-
Figure 1 is a top view of the axletree boxes and naves of a pair of wheels
constructed according to my improved method; and Figure 2, a side view of
the axletree without the boxes and naves. a, a, are shoulders or enlarge-
iments of the peculiar form represented in the Drawing of the axletree at
those points where it adjoins the naves, the axletree and shoulders being
forged or welded together in one piece. b, b, are holes drilled through these
shoulders to receive spring bolts c, c, of about an inch in diameter. d, d, are
bridges or brackets secured by screws to the axletree, at a little distance
from the shoulders, each of which brackets carries two small pullies e, e, round
which work the chains or cords f, f, attached to the spring ends of the bolts
c, c, and which chains or cords may be carried to any parts of the carriage
that may be thought most expedient, and there secured to hooks or other
holdfasts. g, g, are strong plates of gun metal or wrought iron screwed on to
the inner ends of the naves. i, i, are holes or recesses sunk into the naves
When a
through the metal plates g, g, for the reception of the bolts c, c.
pair of wheels with an axletree and nave thus constructed is in action, and it
is desired to stop their rotation, all that is necessary is to let the spring bolts
c, c, free, when they will shoot into the recesses i, i, the moment that, in the
course of the first ensuing revolution of the wheel, they come opposite thereto,
and there bylock fast the wheels. To unlock them the spring bolts must of

page_text: course be pulled back to their original position. As in every case of locking
the wheels a great increase of pressure must necessarily take place at those
points of their peripheries which correspond with the recesses i, i, in the naves,
I find it expedient, in order to protect the tires of the wheels from extra wear
at those points, to defend them with plates of soft steel or case-hardened iron,
about eight inches in length, indented or dovetailed into the tires screwed
thereto, and projecting but little beyond the general surface of the tires. The
mode of affixing these plates is shewn in the elevation of a wheel, Figure 3,
where i, i, are the recesses in the nave, and 7, 7, the plates. The Figures 4, 5,
6, and 7, show how my improved axletree box is constructed; it consists of
two cylinders or tubes, Figures 4 and 6, the one inserted within, and a' out
a third less in diameter less than the other, the space between serving as a
reservoir for oil. The inner cylinder, Figure 4, through which the arm of
the axletree passes, is perforated at equal distances by the holes m, m, m, and
is furnished externally at its inner end with a male screw n, which takes into
a corresponding female screw inside the inner end of the outer cylinder.
Figure 6 is a cap which screws on to the outer end of the largest cylinder,
and closes up the space between the two cylinders appropriated to the oil.
Fig. 7 is an outer cap which screws on to the outside of the outer end of the
outer cylinder. As this double box revolves with the wheel, it furnishes through
the holes m, m, m, in the inner cylinder a constant and uniform supply of oil
to all the rubbing parts of the axle arm, whereas by every other box hitherto
in use the oil is supplied to two or three parts only of the axle arm, and never
reaches, except perhaps in very minute portions, the other parts; neither can
any of the oil escape from this double box, except through the appointed
channels m, m, m, because from the way in which the two cylinders are
screwed the one into the other, and the caps, Figures 6 and 7, screwed on to
both, the box is as it were hermetically sealed in every other part. As often as
a new supply of oil is wanted, it can be introduced without taking off the cap.
Figure 6, by unscrewing the plug p, which covers a small orifice leading
to the space between the outer and inner cylinders. Figures 8 to 13,
both inclusive, are representations of the various nuts, collets, washers,
caps, and other instruments used in connection with the double box to secure
it within the nave of the wheel, and which being of approved forms in
common use, it is unnecessary here to describe.
And having now particularly described the nature of my said invented
improvements, and the manner in which the same are performed, I declare
that I do not claim any of the things herein-before described which are old

page_text: and known, otherwise than in so far as the same are nearly connected and
combined with things that are new and invented by me. And I declare that
what I claim as my Invention is,-
Firstly, the forging or welding the axletrees of carriages of the form and
with the appliances both herein-before particularly described, by means of
which the wheels, two or more, can be instantly locked or unlocked either
by the driver or other outside attendant, or by a person seated inside, without
its being necessary to alight for the purpose, or to have recourse to the
ordinary drag chain and slipper, or any other such external and eumbrous
means of arresting the rotation of the wheels. And,
Secondly, the double axle-tree box also herein-before described, by which a
constant and uniform supply of oil is furnished to all the rubbing parts of the
axle arm.
And I further declare that though in the Drawings hereunto
annexed, and before described, the spring bolts c, c, are represented as
being retained and let free by means of chains or cords, which are the means I
prefer, yet that the same objects may be effected by other means, as, for
example, by rods or levers, and that I therefore claim an exclusive right to
use rods or levers or any other substitute by which the like efficient controul
over the spring bolts can be obtained. And though I consider two spring
bolts of about an inch in diameter to be amply sufficient in most cases to
arrest the rotation of each wheel, I declare that I do not limit myself to the
number or size; but that I reserve to myself the right to make use of any
number of bolts of any size that may be deemed expedient.
And such my invented improvements being, to the best of my knowledge
and belief, entirely new, and never before used within that part of His said
Majesty's United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England,
His said Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, I do hereby
declare this to be my Specification of the same, and that I do verily believe
that this my said Specification doth comply in all respects, fully and without
reserve or disguise, with the proviso in the said herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent contained, wherefore I hereby claim to maintain exclusive right
and privilege to my said Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said Patrick Seyton Hynes, bave hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-five.
P. S. (L.S.) HYNES.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-fifth day of August,
in the year of our Lord 1835, the aforesaid Patrick Seyton Hynes came
before our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the
Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified,
in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped
according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Twenty-fifth day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and thirty-five.