IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES AND HAND TOOLS USED FOR CLOSING THE ENDS OF CENTRAL-FIRE AND PIN CARTRIDGES WHEN LOADED." PROVISIONAL. SPECIFICATION
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Riviere, of 63, Westbourne Park Villas,
Bayswater, in the Parish of Paddington, Gun Maker, and Frederic
Thomas Baker, of 88, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Gun
Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES AND HAND
TOOLS USED FOR CLOSING THE ENDS OF CENTRAL-FIRE AND PIN CARTRIDGES
WHEN LOADED."
PROVISIONAL. SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Riviere and
Frederic Thomas Baker at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 6th June 1868.
We, HENRY RIVIERE, of 63, Westbourne Park Villas, Bayswater, in
the Parish of Paddington, Gun Maker, and FREDERIC THOMAS BAKER,
of 88, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Gun Maker, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES AND

page_text: HAND TOOLS USED FOR CLOSING THE ENDS OF CENTRAL-FIRE AND PIN CARTRIDGES
WHEN LOADED," to be as follows:-
These improvements apply to the machines that are used for turning
over the ends of breech-loading cartridges after they are loaded, and
may be modified so as to be adapted either to the class of machines
which are screwed to a table or bench when in use, or to the kind
known as hand closing tooles. They consist in an improved mode of
holding and moving the cartridges forward (applicable to central-fire
cartridges more especially), and in means for facilitating the turning
over of the edge, which is adapted equally both for central-fire and
pin cartridge closers. They are effected in the following manner :-The
cartridge is held tightly in a tube (which may be slightly oval inside)
by means of the short end of the lever used for moving it forward
pressing on the base of the cartridge, the tube (to which the lever is
attached being moved forward at the same time by a lump on it
sliding in an oblique slot in the barrel of the machine in which the
tube slides. The cartridge is prevented from slipping out by an arm
or lip which is attached to the lever and lays over the end of the
cartridge when the machine is used. In the arrangement as above
described this movement is effected by a lever working round the axis
of the barrel of the machine, but it may likewise be obtained by an
additional lever moving in a curve longitudinal to the barrel and
connected with the former one. A link, short leg, rack wedge, or cam
may likewise be employed to modify the arrangements above described.
The following improvement is adapted alike both to central-fire and
pin closers, and consists in the application of small wheels or rollers
instead of pins in the cup for turning over the end of the cartridge,
which by reducing friction produce a more smooth edge, lessen labour.
Each or any of the improvements herein described may be applied to
machines used either in a vertical or horizontal position, and with or
without a rammer (tubular or solid) attached to it when applied to hand
closing tools; it will be simply necessary to have the lever which secures
the cartridge held down by a curved steel bar or similar contrivance
attached to it, and made to clutch the outside of the barrel of the tool
which may be made slightly oval inside, the cartridge being prevented
from slipping out by an arm or lip as before described, and the end of
it turned down by the usual screw arrangement adopted in hand closing

page_text: tools, the small wheels or rollers above described being likewise
applicable here.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Riviere and Frederic Thomas Baker in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 4th December 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, HENRY
RIVIERE, of 63, Westbourne Park Villas, Bayswater, in the Parish of
Paddington, Gun Maker, and FREDERIC THOMAS BAKER, of 88, Fleet
Street, in the City of London, Gun Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said Henry Riviere and Frederic Thomas Baker,
Her special licence that we, the said Henry Riviere and Frederic Thomas
Baker, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
we, the said Henry Riviere and Frederic Thomas Baker, our execu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, usc, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINES AND HAND TOOLS USED FOR CLOSING THE ENDS OF CENTRAL-FIRE AND
PIN CARTRIDGES WHEN LOADED," upon the condition (amongst others) that
we, the said Henry Riviere and Frederic Thomas Baker, our executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Henry Riviere and Frederic Thomas

page_text: manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being
had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, that is to say :-
These improvements apply to the machines that are used for turning
over the ends of breech-loading cartridges after they are loaded, and may
be modified so as to be adapted either to the class of machines which
are screwed to a table or bench when in use, or to the kind known as
hand closing tools, they consist in an improved mode of holding and
moving the cartridge forward (applicable to central-fire cartridges more
especially), and in means for facilitating the turning over of the edge
adapted equally both for central-fire and pin cartridge closers; they
are effected in the manner described as follows, reference being had to
the accompanying Drawings, in which the same letters denote the like
parts of each.
Fig. 1 represents an end and side view of the machine, the cartridge
is held tightly in a tube a (which may be slightly oval inside) by
means of the short end 6 of the lever c used for moving it forward
pressing on the base of the cartridge, at the same time the tube (to
which the lever is attached by the pin q on which it turns freely) being
moved forward by a lump d on it sliding in an oblique slot e in the barrel
of the machine f in which the tube slides, the cartridge is prevented
from slipping out by an arm or lip g which is attached to the lever and
lays over the end of the cartridge when the machine is used. The end
view represents the machine with the lever thrown back ready to receive
the cartridge.
Fig. 2 shews the lever and tube separate from the machine; Fig. 3
the lever only. The end of the cartridge is turned over in the ordinary
way by the revolving cup h turned by the handle it being held and
moved forward the while in the manner before described by the lever c.
The cup may be one of the ordinary sort or of the improved kind
herein-after described.
Fig. 4 shews the machine constructed on the same plan but with the
tube a made to slide partially out of the barrel f.
Fig. 5 represents the mode of constructing the machine to work with
a lever j.moving in a curve longitudinal to the barrel of it, and pressing

page_text: against the short lever c which grips the cartridge when pressed forward
by the lever j. The lever c is lifted up to let the cartridge out by the.
end of it pressing against the projection r at the side of the barrel, when
the cartridge is moved back by the pusher k. Each or any of the
improvements herein described may be applied to machines used either
in a vertical or horizontal position, and with or without a rammer
(tubular or solid) attached to them in vertical machines, the lever c
may have a joint near the root of it so as to shut up to the side of the
machine to take up less room when not in use. When these improve-
ments are applied to hand closing tools it is simply necessary to have the
short end 6 of the lever c, Fig. 6, which secures the cartridge held down
by a curved steel bar attached to it and made to clutch the barrel f,
which may be oval inside as before mentioned. The part 6 of the lever c
may have a small tooth or teeth to assist in holding the cartridge if
required, and the curved steel bar / may be formed in one piece with the
lever c.
m represents the ordinary screw arrangement used in hand
closing tools; this closer may also be constructed as a machine to screw
on a table or bench. Any of the machines or closers herein described may
be used for pin cartridges by placing in the cartridge with the pin down-
wards out of the way of the arm g.
The improvement in turning over the edge of the cartridge consists in
the use of small rollers or wheels n, n, Fig. 7, in the cup o (instead of
the pins at present used) for turning over the edge of the cartridge after
it is loaded, which by reducing friction produce a more smooth surface
and lessen labour, rendering it more serviceable for cartridges of any
material. Fig. 8 is a section of the cup. p, p, are the pins on which the
wheels turn; the other parts are indicated by the same letters as in
Fig. 7. When rollers are employed they may be made to run loose round
the cup if required; any number of wheels or rollers may be used in
either of the above arrangements.
And having now described the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that we claim,
the improvements in machines and hand tools used for closing the ends
of central-fire and pin cartridges when loaded, as herein described and
represented in the Drawings hereto annexed, whether the several parts
of which the said improvements are constituted are employed separately

page_text: or in combination, as and for the purposes herein described and set
forth.
In witness whereof, we, the said Henry Riviere and Frederic
Thomas Baker, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Fourth
day of December, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-eight.