matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF EASY CHAIRS, SETTEES, SOFAS, SEATS IOR RAILWAY & OTHER CARRIAGES, & INVALID HOSPITAL COUCHES OR CARRIAGES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Finer Widenham and John
Reynolds at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 2nd December 1867.
We, THOMAS FINER WIDENHAM, of 9, Leverton Street, St. Pancras,
London, & JOHN REYNOLDS, of 124, St. Paul's Road, Camden Square, St.
Pancras, London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF EASY CHAIRS, SETTEES, SOFAS, SEATS IOR
RAILWAY & OTHER CARRIAGES, & INVALID HOSPITAL COUCHES OR CARRIAGES," to
be as follows:-
This Invention consists, 1st, of the application of springs coiled at one end,
and to be applied by fastening them to the sides of the seat, 'to the ends of
which springs the back is fastened, giving to the same a concentric motion,
so that when the chair or seat is occupied the back yields to the pressure put
on it, and when unoccupied returns to its original position.
2nd. Also to produce the same effect we purpose to use india-rubber or
other elastic material to be applied by means of bars of wood or metal placed
diagonally to the seat, fastened at the front part by hinges or joints, and to
which bars is also fastened the back. The elastic material is then made to
connect the front part of the seat with the back, producing the moving effect
as described above.
AN IMPROVED TABLE WITH ROTARY TOP
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Olmade (Rodolphe) born Feuillet
(Marie Françoise Angélique) at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd May 1867.
I, OLMADE (RODOLPHE) born FEUILLET (MARIE FRANÇOISE ANGELIQUE,) of
Paris, Department of Seine, Empire of France, Artist Painter, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED TABLE WITH
ROTARY TOP," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is a table which by its particular arrangement.
may serve for several purposes.
It is composed as shewn on the accompanying two Sheets of Drawings
forming part of this my Provisional Specification, firstly, of a painted slab
of earthenware or porcelain A (Sheets 1 and 2) representing on one side a
chess board (Sheet 1), and on the other any desired subject (Sheet 2), this
slab is set in a wooden frame B pivoting in the frame C which unites the
four legs. This pivoting movement is obtained by means of two small spindles
fixed to the frame B, and working in two bearings formed in the thickness of
the frame C. The frame B is kept fixed against that C after its rotary
movement by means of a small spring or a wedge.
I can apply this method to all sorts of tables, and give to these latter every
style and arrangement which I may desire.
My Invention therefore rests particularly upon the faculty of giving two
uses to a table by the rotary movement of its top.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARRIAGE BODIES, AND WHICH BAID IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF PLEASURE AND OTHER BOATS AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES WHERE GREAT STRENGTH AND LIGHTNESS IS OF IMPORTANCE
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry John Cox at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th June
1867.
I, HENRY JOHN Cox, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARRIAGE BODIES, AND WHICH BAID IMPROVEMENTS
ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF PLEASURE AND OTHER BOATS AND
OTHER LIKE PURPOSES WHERE GREAT STRENGTH AND LIGHTNESS IS OF IMPORTANCE,"
to be as follows (that is to say):-
My improvements consist in moulding the several or like articles named in
the title of coarse paper pulp or pulp made and reduced from strong coarse
fibrous material, such as old sail cloth, sacking, bagging, cordage, rope, or
other suitable material possessing a strong fibre, which material is ground,
manufactured, or reduced in the usual way, and of such material I form
sheets of suitable size, and after slightly pressing I lay them over moulds in
one, two, or more series or layers as may be required, or thicker in some parts
for strength and thinner in others where strength is not required, using
suitable adhesive or gelatinous material with the mould in a heated or cold
state as may be required, and when the article in process of manufacture is so
far prepared and the moisture squeezed or expressed from the material by the
moulder in the process of working; should extra pressure be required I use a
top die or mould, the counterpart of the one on which the material has been
placed, to which pressure may be applied to increase the solidity and impart a

page_text: better surface and truer form to the article desired, after which the article so
formed may be stoved or otherwise dried when it will be fit for the further
process of rendering it waterproof, which I prefer doing by saturating the
material with linseed oil, tar varnish, metallic oxides, or other suitable com-
pounds, again drying and hardening the material by stoving or other equivalent
means, when it will be fit for rubbing down, scraping, or otherwise receiving
a surface to be finished in the ordinary way. And this same description
applies to the forming and making of boats and other like irregular shaped
articles where great strength with lightness is of importance.
AN IMPROVED MANURE
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Allen Thomas Carr at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th December
1867.
I, ALLEN THOMAS CARR, of Winkleigh, in the County of Devon, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MANURE,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the manufacture of an improved manure by
treating coal or coal slack with sulphuric or other mineral acid.
The coal or coal slack is first reduced to a fine powder by crushing, grinding,
or otherwise, and the acid is then added and well mixed therewith in any
convenient manner, sulphuric acid being used by preference on account of
its cheapness. The proportion of the acid to the coal should not exceed one-
half by weight. When the coal or coal dust is too dry I moisten it with a
small quantity of water before applying the acid, and if the manure when
made is too wet for use I add a little more coal dust, stirring and mixing it
well together as before.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING BOATS, SHIPS, AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Percy Crause at the Office of
the. Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th September
- 1867.
I, PERCY CRAUSE, of 33, Dorset Place, Dorset Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING BOATS, SHIPS, AND OTHER VESSELS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists of a cylinder or cylinders closed at the inner end and
open at the outer end, and inserted in the side or sides of the vessel, in which
cylinder or cylinders is or are contained a similar cylinder capable of working
therein by the action of the piston rod of a steam engine. The inner cylinder
is driven and caused to act as a piston or plunger on the water by a rod passed
through the closed end of the outer cylinder and connected to the piston rod
of the engine or other motive power. In the closed end of the inner cylinder
is inserted a valve for the necessary escape of the water entering between the
two cylinders, thereby obviating the necessity for the tight fitting of the one
cylinder or plunger within the other cylinder. There is also a tube extending
above the water level for the necessary supply and escape of air between the

page_text: two closed ends of the cylinders. It is proposed to place one pair of cylinders
on each side of the vessel to propel it forwards, and if necessary the vessel
may be propelled backwards by means of an adjustable screw propeller.
The propellers above described have a direct action on the water, and admit
of the power of the engine being applied in short strokes.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Crispin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th November
1867.
I, WILLIAM HENRY CRISPIN, of Marsh Gate Lane, Stratford, in the County
of Essex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in an improved method of combining coal, coke,
charcoal, and other substances adapted for the formation of artificial fuel
when in a state of powder or minute division. This object is effected by
taking oxide of magnesium (common magnesia) and mixing it with liquid
chloride of magnesium, so as to form a solution of more or less density,
as may be desired. This solution is then intimately mixed with the sub-
stance or substances of which the fuel is to be composed, this operation being
performed by means of any apparatus adapted for the purpose. The particles
of the material or materials under treatment are thus caused to combine or
adhere together with more or less strength according to the density of the
solution employed, and the mass is then divided into blocks of convenient size
and form, either with or without pressure, and dried; the fuel is then ready
for use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WEFT FORKS USED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Cook and George Cook
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
23rd January 1867.
We, SAMUEL COOк and GEORGE Cooк, of Bury, in the County of Lan-
caster, Machinists, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WEFT FORKS USED IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING," to be as follows:-
We stamp or punch the prongs and frame of each fork out of sheet metal,
and form the bearing or barrel of a separate piece of tube or drilled metal,
and then braze or solder the bearing to the frame, there being a semicircular
recess shaped to receive it. This method of making the forks enables them
to be much stronger, and consequently much more durable than those made
in the usual manner in which the prongs and frames are shaped by the
hammer, and the bearings or barrels forged solid with the frames and afterwards
drilled.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS OR CARRIAGEWAYS AND FOOTPATHS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Grainger at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th December
1867.
I, ALFRED GRAINGER, of Lower Kennington Lane, in the County of Surrey,
Surveyor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS OR CARRIAGEWAYS AND FOOTPATHS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to the manufacture of composite asphalte and granite
blocks to be used for paving streets, carriage and footways. These blocks are
cast of suitable size in moulds, and are composed of small pieces of granite
cemented together by means of asphalte. The road to which these blocks are
applied is first covered with a bed of concrete, on which is poured from time
to time as the work progresses a mixture of liquid asphalte and large grit
which will unite the blocks, said blocks being laid in the usual manner render
the whole as solid as if of one piece, thereby preventing the working up of the
bed of the road between the blocks. Roads and footways thus formed may
also be repaired by filling up with the above composition when required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING CERTAIN KINDS OF BOWLS OF CASTORS FOR FURNITURE
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Cartland and Henry Bold
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
22nd May 1867.
We, JOHN CARTLAND, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, and HENRY BOLD, of Longton, in the County of Stafford, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ORNAMENTING CERTAIN KINDS OF BOWLS OF CASTORS FOR FURNITURE," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention relates to such bowls of castors for furniture as are made of
earthenware or china, and consists of the improvements herein-after described
in ornamenting the said bowls, by giving to them a lustrous or metallic
appearance, the lustre either being white and resembling silver, or having a
yellow tint and resembling gold.
In ornamenting the said bowls according to our Invention we proceed as
follows:-After the bowls have been made and burned in the usual way, if it
is wished to give them a silver lustre we take a solution of platinum made
by dissolving platinum in nitric and muriatic acids, to which solution a small
quantity of brown tar has been added, and either by immersion of the bowls
in the solution, or by the application of the solution thereto by means of a
brush or otherwise, we coat or cover the said bowls with the platinum solution;
the bowls are dried and fired or exposed a second time to the heat of the
kiln; by the action of the heat the silver lustre is produced on the bowls.

page_text: When it is wished to produce a gold lustre on the bowls we employ a solution
made by dissolving gold in a mixture of nitric and muriatic acids, to which
solution block tin, balsam of sulphur, and turpentine are added; the bowls
are covered with this solution by immersion or by a brusb, and are afterwards
subjected to a second firing in the kiln, and the gold lustre produced on the
said bowls.
Instead of covering or coating the whole of the bowls with the silver or
gold lustre as described, portions only of the bowls may be covered with either
of the said lustres; or parts of the bowls may be covered with the silver
lustre and the other parts with the gold lustre.
On subjecting the bowls, after they have been covered with the gold or
silver lustre solution, to the second firing or burning we place them upon
pegs provided with feet instead of upon spurs as is usual; the pegs are placed
in the ordinary saggars. By the use of the pegs described the marks which
would be produced on the bowls by the spurs are avoided.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON- STRUCTION OF RAILWAYS, AND TRUCKS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREON, SPECIALLY FOR AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Alexander Rooney at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
April 1867.
I, ROBERT ALEXANDER ROONEY, of Browneville, Galway, Ireland, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF RAILWAYS, AND TRUCKS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREON, SPECIALLY FOR
AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention is designed to facilitate and render less costly the conveyance
of materials required to be used in the cultivation of land, espicially waste
and heavy land, and for the removal of crops.
The following is an example of the means of accomplishing the above
objects according to this Invention, that is to say, instead of employing
carts drawn by horses or oxen I propose to lay down a portable railway of the
following construction:-The rails are of wood of the shape of the letter V
inverted, in lengths of twelve feet or thereabout. The top edge of the rails is
made flat and has a bar of iron from one to two inches wide fixed thereto.
I also propose to bevil the ends of each length of rail to an acute angle, and
to affix a short flat piece of iron to each side of each length of rail in such
a manner as that the said pieces shall project six inches or more beyond those
parts of the rail to which they are affixed, so that when the the next length
of rail is placed upon the inclined end of the first rail the projecting pieces
aforesaid will keep the second length of rail securely in its place and in a line
with the first rail, and in this manner and by these, means a line of rails may
be quickly laid down and taken up.

page_text: I now proceed to describe the improvements in the construction of railway
trucks to be used on the aforesaid railway in agricultural pursuits. For the
sake of economy I dispense with axle boxes and simply allow the axels to
revolve in rectangular-shaped holes formed in plates fixed to each side
of the under framing of the truck, somewhat similar to the axle guards
now used in the construction of railway carriages, so that the journals of the
axles shall only touch at three points of the said axle plates, thereby reducing
friction.
Another feature in this Invention consists in forming the wheels of the
trucks with a projecting flange at each side of the Fire of the wheel, and in
forming the surface of the said tire of a convex form, so that when the said
wheels are in use on the rails above described the tires shall only touch the
rails at a point, and the flanges serve to keep the wheels from running off
the rails.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW BOLTS AND NUTS FOR SECURING FISH PLATES AND OTHER OBJECTS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Denton Abel at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st October
1867. A communication from abroad by Frederic Tudor, of Boston, in
the State of Massachusets, United States of America.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW BOLTS AND NUTS
FOR SECURING FISH PLATES AND OTHER OBJECTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing screw bolts with two threads of a
different pitch, and with square or polygonal ends of equal dimensions with or
less than the other part whereby to turn the bolt. These bolts are provided
with two nuts, one at each end, each nut having a thread of a pitch cor-
responding to the thread of that part of the bolt on which it fits; these nuts
are so formed that they cannot turn, for which purpose they are by preference
made either hemispherical with a square or polygonal projection on the flat.
face fitting into a corresponding recess in the surface of the object to be
secured; or they are made semi-cylindrical with the curved part fitting in a
correspondingly curved recess in the surface of the said object. In some
cases nuts may be dispensed with and threads be cut in the fish plates or
other objects to be secured. It will be seen that by this arrangement if the
screw bolt is first passed through the holes in the fish plates and rail or other
object, and a nut is then screwed on to each end, and the bolt is then turned
round in the nuts by a spanner, that part of the bolt with a thread of a

page_text: quicker pitch than the other part will advance more rapidly through its nut
than the other part will pass through the other nut, and consequently the
two nuts will be caused to approach each other on the bolt, and be made to
clip the fish plates or other objects situated between them with great force.
IMPROVE- MENTS APPLICABLE TO RAILWAY TRAINS FOR THE PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS ARISING FROM COLLISIONS OR OTHER CASUALTIES ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Fitzpatrick at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th October
1867.
I, MATTHEW FITZPATRICK, of 1, Duke Street, Lincoln's Inn, London,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS APPLICABLE TO RAILWAY TRAINS FOR THE PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS
ARISING FROM COLLISIONS OR OTHER CASUALTIES ON RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of an elastic cushion to be attached to the loco-
motive and carriages of a train in place of buffers. This elastic cushion will
yield to any compulsory force and deaden the effects of a collision. It is con-
structed exteriorly of leather, gutta percha, or similar materials of the size say
of five feet by three feet and two feet and a half depth. Interiorly it is divided
into three or more compartments which are filled with blankets and wool, and
is fitted with springs, and with valves to admit of the entrance and exit of air.
In the Specification of a Patent granted to me on the 25th October 1852,
No. 519, I described and claimed a compound self-acting double motion
lever break and a wedge lever break for arresting the locomotive and carriages
almost instantaneously, but there was no mode described for suspending the
action of the break after it had been applied. Now my present Invention con-
sists of retaining the break suspended when it is desired to reverse the engine,
and this I effect by means of a double notched lever which grasps the cushion
frame and raises the break legs from the rails.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ANNEALING FURNACES, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS MAY BE APPLIED TO CERTAIN OTHER DESCRIPTIONS OF FURNACES AND FIRES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Tildesley and James Bird
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
5th December 1867.
We, MATTHEW TILDESLEY, of Willenhall, in the County of Stafford,
Manufacturer, and JAMES Bird, of the same Place, Manager, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ANNEALING
FURNACES, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN, PARTS OF WHICH
IMPROVEMENTS MAY BE APPLIED TO CERTAIN OTHER DESCRIPTIONS OF FURNACES AND
FIRES," to be as follows (that is to say)
This Invention consists in constructing the fire-bars of annealing furnaces
in such manner that they will slope downwards from front to back. At the
bottom of the bars is a chamber some distance from the bottom of the hearth
to receive the cinder which can be withdrawn from the front of the bars; the
open front above the bars can be closed up either with slack or with doors, or
in any other suitable manner, and by thus constructing the fire-bars slack may
be consumed instead of large coal. This arrangement of the bars may also
be employed for certain other kinds of furnaces, ranges, stoves, and fire-
places, and by allowing a slight admission of air above the bars the smoke.
may be partially or wholly consumed.

page_text: We employ for the purpose of annealing iron or other materials chambers
formed of fire-brick moulded to any suitable shape, and the meeting edges
may be rebated and cemented together with fire-clay, or the chambers may
be formed of bricks made of a compound of fire-clay and plumbago or of fire-
clay and ganester rock, and put together with the saine compound.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS AND COMPOSITION FOR THE PRESERVATION FROM DECAY OF STONE, BRICK, PLASTER, METAL, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, AND FOR HARDENING OR GLAZING THEIR SURFACES SO AS TO PREVENT SMOKE OR DIRT FROM ADHERING TO THEM
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Cubitt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th October.
1867.
I, JAMES CUBITT, of 12, Claremont Place, Loughborough Road, Brixton,
in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED PROCESS AND COMPOSITION FOR THE PRESERVATION FROM DECAY
OF STONE, BRICK, PLASTER, METAL, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, AND FOR HARDENING
OR GLAZING THEIR SURFACES SO AS TO PREVENT SMOKE OR DIRT FROM ADHERING
TO THEM," to be as follows:-
I apply to the surface to be preserved or hardened a liquid composition
which has the property of hardening on the application of heat, and I after-
wards heat the surface so prepared by means of a blast or current of hot air,
vapour, gas, or flame, forcibly impelled against it, or by means of a jet of
superheated steam. The ingredients of the liquid composition or glaze will
vary according to the nature of the substance to which it is to be applied.
A composition of two parts of alumina, two parts of hydrofluoric acid, and one
of caustic potash, afterwards rubbed up with ten parts of saturated solution of
silicate of soda or potash forms a good glazing liquid for several kinds of stone
and brick. Other ingredients may be added, and the proportions may vary
considerably, but the distinctive feature of this glaze is the use of fluorine in
conjunction with alumina, alkali, and silica. Another glaze composed of
binoxide of tin dissolved in alkali and mixed with silicate of potash or of soda

page_text: is likewise useful. Both these compositions become very hard at a moderate
heat, and are not liable to blacken by the action of sulphuretted hydrogen like
those made with lead.
I claim to have invented the aforesaid composition of fluorine with alumina,
alkali, and silica, and that of binoxide of tin with alkaline silicates, for the
purpose of preserving or hardening stone; but I do not confine myself to
the use of these.
And I claim the Invention of the hot blast or steam jet for the purpose
of hardening or heating any composition whatever on the surface of stone,
brick, plaster, or metal when those materials form part of an existing building
or structure.
The hot blast or steam jet may be produced in whatever way is most
convenient. For ordinary purposes I prefer to produce it by means of an
apparatus consisting of three main portions; first, a portable fire-box (which
may be suspended by chains from a scaffold) filled with lighted charcoal or
other smokeless fuel, and which has an aperture behind for the entrance of
the air current, and another in front for its exit when heated to harden the
glazing; second, an air chamber or double bellows worked by manual or
other power to cause a constant strong current of air; and, third, a flexible
tube or hose to convey such current of air from the air chamber to the fire-
box first described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS AND CONDENSERS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Slater at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th July
1867.
I, JOHN SLATER, of Bankfoot, near Hebden Bridge, in the County of York,
Fustian Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS AND CONDENSERS," to be as follows:-
Instead of the circular flues now used in Cornish and other boilers I insert
square or rectangular flues filled with rows of tubes, which rows are made to
cross each other at angles, whereby a greater quantity of the most efficient
heat-absorbing tube surface will be presented to the current of the flames than
is effected by any other arrangement of tubes. Each tube will also act as a
stay to the two opposite sides of the flue, and thus prevent any tendency to
collapse. When the furnace is inside the boiler it may be circular and then
joined to the square tube box. As the flames and heated products of com-
bustion will come into direct contact with every row of tubes the heat will be
rapidly absorbed and transmitted to the water, which will be caused to
circulate very quickly through every tube, so that no deposit can settle therein,
and it follows that only a short boiler will be required in order to perfectly
abstract the heat from the fuel, for instance, one with a cylindrical shell of six
feet diameter and ten feet long, with a tube box flue four feet square and
containing 270 tubes 3 inches outside diameter would have more heating
surface than an ordinary Cornish boiler 30 feet long 6 feet diameter, and
containing the two ordinary circular flues, besides all this the quality of
heating surface is superior. No exact comparison can however be made as

page_text: the heated gases rush in an unbroken body through a circular flue; further,
the boiler being short can be fixed vertically, and the generating tubes will lie
horizontally in the best position for absorbing the heat of the ascending flames
and products of combustion. The furnace can be detached if wished, and any
form applied which is best adapted for the perfect combustion of the fuel.
This generater is also adapted for furnaces in which the new kind of fuel is
burned, such as petroleum and other oils, as the flames from them will act
with great effect upon the tubes. The tube box may be moveable so as to be
capiable of being taken out of the cylindrical shell if required.
For Condensers.-The tube box being filled with cold water or other
cooling media, steam or other vapour passed into the tubes will be condensed,
or water or other cooling media being made to pass through the tubes steam
or other vapour conveyed into the tube box will be condensed, the apparatus
being thus applied for the purposes of a condenser....
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERCLOSET FITTINGS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Caless Thomas at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th July 1867.
I, THOMAS CALESS THOMAS, of Banbury, in the County of Oxford, Cutler
and Gas and Water Fitter, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERCLOSET FITTINGS," to be as follows:-
My Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERCLOSET FITTINGS" relates to a
novel arrangement of parts whereby a regulated quantity of water may be
discharged for the purpose of flushing the basin every time the closet is used.
This is effected by establishing at some convenient point above the level of the
pan a small cistern or chamber provided with a tumbling trough which is
always kept charged with the regulated quantity of water and is filled from a
reservoir above. The tumbling trough is filled from the supply pipe through
a ball cock which only admits a certain quantity. The tumbling trough is
mounted on centre pins, so that when required it may be tipped over in order
to discharge the water; it is worked by suitable gearing consisting of bands
and pullies connected to a lever which may be actuated by a handle in the
ordinary manner, or it may be connected to the door of the closet so that it may
be actuated whenever the door is opened. The pan is provided with a syphon,
and when the lever is pulled up or the door opened the tumbling trough
will be pulled over on its axis and the water will be discharged therefrom
and allowed to rush down the exit pipe with considerable force into the pan,
and will drive before it any soil that may have accumulated in the syphon.
AN IMPROVED NAIL CUTTING MACHINE
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Sadler at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th May
1867.
I, JOHN SADLER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Hinge Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
NAIL CUTTING MACHINE," to be as follows:-
My Invention for improvements in nail cutting machines consists, firstly,
in so constructing them as to make them self-feeding and other improvements
by a combination of mechanism substantially described as follows:-
The nature of my said Invention or improvement consists in the application
of a shaft rotating at one-half the speed the main shaft of the machine rotates
at, which main shaft gives motion to the cutting blade by means of a crank
and lever. Upon the slower rotating shaft I place an eccentric, from which
eccentric by means of a band and rod I communicate an occilating motion to
a lever fixed upon a vertical shaft; to this lever I connect a guide which
moves the nail plate from side to side of the cutting blade from which plate
the blank for the nail is cut. From this lever I also carry a rod to another
lever of somewhat similar construction to the last, communicating an occilating
motion to this second lever, which carries the plate from which the nail blank
is made.
This second lever is constructed with means of regulating the angle at
which the nail plate is required to be to the face of the cutting blade at the

page_text: moment the nail blank is cut off, so that the blank may be of the proper size
and shape requisite for the nail.
And the nature of my Invention or improvement further consists in the
employment of two nippers, operating each in combination with one pair of
holding dies; I communicate motion to these by tappits upon the slower
rotating shaft referred to above, or upon another shaft rotating at one-half the
speed of the main shaft used for giving motion to the cutting blade.
And the nature of my Invention or improvement further consists in the
combination of a shaft (rotating at half the speed the shaft referred to in this
Specification as the main shaft) with two toppits upon it, each acting upon
separate levers, the occilating motion thus given to the levers moves forward
the heading bolts which head the nails.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR OPENING AND CLEANING COTTON OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Greenhalgh at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd July
1867.
I, JOHN GREENHALGH, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR OPENING AND CLEANING COTTON OR OTHER FIBROUS
MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in machines for opening and cleaning
cotton and other fibrous materials of the class commonly known as willows.
My first improvement relates to a new mode of supplying the cotton or
other material to the machine. This I effect by means of a box extending
across the front of the machine, which has a slide or door in the bottom of it.
The cotton or other material is placed in the box, and at the proper time the
slide or door is opened and the cotton or other material falls and is discharged
into the machine. The motion to the slide is given and regulated by one,
two, or more friction bowls, working on studs on the face of a spur wheel to
which motion is communicated from the main axis of the machine; these
friction bowls act upon a lever connected with the slide before mentioned.
weight or spring attached to the lever keeps the slide shut except when it
is opened by the action of the friction bowls.
A
I effect
My second improvement consists in apparatus for delivering the cotton or
other material (after it is cleaned and opened) from the machine. This I
by making a portion of the grid (called a flake) to turn upon hinges and

page_text: connecting it with a flap and lever; this flake and flap and lever are situated
at the back or delivering end of the machine, and their motion is regulated
by the lever being connected to the lever which regulates the action of the
slide at the box at the front of the machine; this connexion is effected by
means of a side rod which plays on two studs (one on each lever). The
operation is, that the slide at the box and the flake are each alternately
opened and shut, these respective actions being produced and regulated by the
number and position of the friction bowls on the face of the spur wheel before
mentioned. But I sometimes use separate friction bowls on the spur wheel
and separate levers to effect the opening and shutting of the slide and flake
independently one of the other.
My third improvement consists in the application of a slide to close the
apperture leading to the dust fan; this slide is connected to a lever which is
actuated by the side rod before mentioned. The effect is to shut of the draft
of the fan during the time the cotton or other material is being delivered
from the machine by the opening of the flake, and so to prevent the cotton
or other material being wasted by being carried away by the draft of the
fan.
I do not confine myself to the precise details and arrangement of the several
parts of my Invention as above described, as these may be varied, and I also
use the several improvements combined or separately, as the occasion may
require.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING OR PRESERVATIVE COMPOUNDS TO BE APPLIED TO THE FLEECES OR SKINS OF SHEEP AND OTHER ANIMALS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Morrison Fell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
June 1867.
'I, ALEXANDER MORRISON FELL, of West Calder, in the County of Mid
Lothian, North Britain, Oil Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING OR PRESERVATIVE COMPOUNDS TO
BE APPLIED TO THE FLEECES OR SKINS OF SHEEP AND OTHER ANIMALS," to be as
follows, that is to say:-
This Invention consists in forming improved compounds to be applied to
sheep and other animals to purify their fleeces or skins and to preserve t the
same from the attacks of insects by combining mineral oil obtained from coal
shale or crude petroleum, and from which acids and alkaloids have been
removed with a saponaceous compound consisting by preference of rosin, palm
oil, cod oil, soda ley, and potash ley, and with naphthaline.
In carrying out the Invention the mineral oil used is prepared by well-
known processes from crude petroleum or from the crude oil obtained from
coal or shale by distillation at a low red heat, such crude oil being repeatedly
treated with strong sulphuric acid and with alkali to remove alkaloids and
carbolic and other acids and being washed and redistilled. Before use any
solid paraffin the oil may contain is by preference extracted by well-known
means. The oil thus prepared, and the ingredients composing the saponaceous
compound, may be combined in various proportions, but by preference in about
the following, namely, one hundred parts by weight of mineral oil, eight of
rosin, four of palm oil, twelve of soda ley at 12° Twaddell, twelve of cod oil,

page_text: twelve of potash ley at 12° Twaddell, and eight of potash ley at 18° Twaddell.
To the compound made with these ingredients and boiled there are afterwards
added thirty-two parts of naphthaline. For the ingredients with which the
mineral oil is combined, any other convenient ingredients may be substituted
that will make a saponaceous compound; the compound is to be applied to
sheep and other animals in the manner practised with ordinary sheep dips."
In cases where it is desired to have applied to the animals unsaponified
oleaginous matter which will not be easily removed by rain, and which will
tend to prevent the attacks of insects, a separate compound is formed by
mixing with the mineral oil prepared as herein-before described about a
twentieth of its weight of naphthaline. This compound may be applied
in any convenient way, but by preference a small quantity is allowed to float
on the surface of the saponaceous or other "sheep dip," so as that when the
animal is taken out of the dip its fleece or skin may take it up.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN ROLLERS USED IN MACHINERY FOR DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIAL
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Haworth and Edwin Hamer
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 30th July 1867.
We, JAMES HAWORTH, of Denton, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist,
and EDWIN HAMER, of Manchester, Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN ROLLERS USED IN MACHINERY FOR
DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIAL," to be as follows:-
Hitherto the top rollers of these machines have been usually made of wood,
but the wood being liable to wear in time becomes grooved and hollow or
concave on the face of the rollers, thus causing considerable trouble.
Now our improvement consists in substituting rollers made of stoneware or
earthenware for the wooden rollers. The stoneware or earthenware rollers are
turned up true before being glazed or enameled, a hole being made in the
centre of each roller into which fits a cast-iron axis. The stoneware or
earthenware cannot be cut, and is not so liable to wear as the wood, and it is
not affected by water.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND DISTRIBUTING VAPOUR
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Frederick Whateley at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th April 1867.
I, CHARLES FREDERICK WHATELEY, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Nautical Instrument Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND DISTRIBUTING
VAPOUR," to be as follows (that is to say):
This Invention refers to the construction of apparatus for generating steam
or vapour, either from water or scented fluids, and distributing the vapour thus
produced through a sick room or other enclosed space.
The apparatus consists of a stand furnished with an upright standard and
lever arm carrying a cylinder; a rod from the centre of the top of this
cylinder passes freely through an eye in the arm of the lever, and the bottom
of the cylinder rests upon a pivot centre upon a second upright rod from the
bed of the apparatus. The cylinder at or near the top is provided with a bent
tube, and underneath the cylinder is placed a lamp.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-The lamp being lighted the
cylinder is warmed sufficiently to rarefy the internal air and cause it to suck
up fluid of any kind by dipping the bent tube into the fluid; when sufficiently
full the cylinder is placed in position over the lamp, and the flame vaporising
the fluid in the cylinder the steam issues from the nozzle of the bent tube, and
in issuing drives round the cylinder upon its pivotted centre, and thus dis-
tributes the vapour through the apartment.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR DRAWING-OFF AND REFINING LIQUORS OR LIQUIDS OF ANY KIND
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Sodo at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th May
1867.
I, WILLIAM SODO, of the "Pelican" Beer House, No. 21, George Street,
Wellington Street, Stepney, in the County of Middlesex, Beer House Keeper,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD
OF AND APPARATUS FOR DRAWING-OFF AND REFINING LIQUORS OR LIQUIDS OF ANY
KIND," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improved method of and apparatus for
drawing liquor or liquids from casks or vessels of any description and the
refining of such liquor or liquids. The apparatus to be used consists of a
float made of wood, copper, and india-rubber, or any other material suitable for
the purpose, and is connected to a india-rubber tube; at the other end of the
india-rubber tube is connected a leaden pipe or pipes; the said leaden pipe or
pipes is connected to a pump where the liquor or liquids are drawn through
the float from the interior of any casks, vessel, or vessels of any description.
AN IMPROVED PATENT INVULNERABLE CLOTH ARMOUR
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Major Chevalier Cesare Bernieri
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 16th December 1867.
I, Major Chevalier CESARE BERNIERI, of 50, Claverton Street, Pimlico,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "AN IMPROVED PATENT INVULNERABLE CLOTH ARMOUR," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to protect persons and things against the
effects of projectiles and every kind of explosions, as well as from thrusts and
cuts from arms or sharp instruments, and also from other cutting or lacerating
To this end I construct a pad formed with a woven or felted stuff
and various strata of vegetable or animal fibres previously steeped in animal
and vegetable juices, and secured together by means of seams and compres-
sions till it attains the required thickness. It is then steeped again repeatedly
in alcaline and alchoolic baths till the required degree of strength and
elasticity is obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFETY CANS OR VESSELS FOR CONTAINING, MEASURING, OR STORING PETROLEUM OIL AND OTHER VOLATILE INFLAMMABLE LIQUIDE
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hinks and Joseph Hinks
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 26th November 1867.
We. JAMES HINKS and JOSEPH HINKS. of Birmingham. in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFETY CANS OR VESSELS FOR CONTAINING, MEASURING, OR
STORING PETROLEUM OIL AND OTHER VOLATILE INFLAMMABLE LIQUIDE," to be as
follows:---
Our Invention consists of the arrangements or combinations of parts herein-
after described to be applied to the nozzles or necks of cans or vessels for
containing. measuring, or storing petroleum oil and other volatile inflammable
liquids, by which arrangements or combinations of parts the accidental ignition
of the inflammable liquid during the pouring of the said liquid into or out of
the can or vessel is prevented. In the axis of the nozzle or neck of the can
or vessel is a rod working in hearings in the shoulder of the can immediately
below the neck or nozzle. The said rod carries a disk or valve fitting against
the bottom of the neck or nozzle. By raising the said rod the valve is closed.
and by depressing the rod the valve is opened. The top of the rod is screwed
and the cap or cover of the nozzle or neck has a screwed hole in it which
takes upon the screw on the top of the rod. By screwing the said cap or
Price 8d 1

page_text: cover on to the top of the said rod it screws down upon the top of the nozzle
or neck, and at the same time raises the valve, pressing the said valve against
the bottom of the nozzle or neck. On the valve is a conical metallic tube, the
upper part of which fits accurately in the nozzle or neck of the can, the said
conical tube being perforated with small holes. As the valve rises or falls the
conical tube slides up or down the nozzle or neck of the can. When the
valve is depressed liquid can be poured into the can or be removed therefrom,
the liquid passing through the fine holes or perforations in the conical tube.
The holes or perforations in the conical tube are so fine that flame will not
pass through them, and if the liquid in the neck or nozzle accidentally takes
fire the flame will not pass through the said fine holes or perforations into the
can or vessel. The ignition of the liquid in the can or vessel is thereby rendered
impossible.
In place of or in addition to the conical perforated tube described a series
of perforated dises may be fixed in the neck or nozzle: or a globular or other
shaped perforated chamber may be fixed at the bottom of the neck or nozzle,
in which chamber the valve may work.
The arrangements last described have the same or nearly the same effect
as the arrangement herein first described.
Redhill: Printed for His Majesty's Stationery Office, by Love & Malcomson, Ltd.
FWt. 42-25/12/1911.1
AN IMPROVED FRET-SAWING MACHINE
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Booth and Richard Wilson
Booth at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 30th April 1867.
We, ROBERT BOOTH and RICHARD WILSON BOOTH, both of Upper Stephen
Street, in the City of Dublin, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED FRET-SAWING MACHINE," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of certain combinations of mechanism whereby the
operation of fret-sawing can be performed with great advantage and facility.
A saw frame of steel or wood of the kind ordinarily employed by buhl and
fret cutters, and in which the saw blades are fixed in the usual manner, is
clamped to a vertical slide. The slide is actuated by the rotation of a disc,
in which is a fixed pin capable of working in a slot cut in the vertical slide,
the disc being driven by a horizontal shaft, the motion of which is produced
by means of a wheel and treadle in the manner adopted for the operation of
sewing machines. A drill holder is fitted in connection with this apparatus,
and which is capable of being worked thereby, the whole being mounted on a
pillar or support with a suitable stand.