IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PUMPS
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Hyde Bateman, of Barnes, in the County of Surrey,
Surveyor, and Edward Gooch Garrard, of Vauxhall, in the same County,
Wine Merchant, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF PUMPS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Hyde Bateman and
Edward Gooch Garrard at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 24th October 1864.
We, HYDE BATEMAN, of Barnes, in the County of Surrey, Surveyor, and
EDWARD GOOCH GARRARD, of Vauxhall, in the same County, Wine Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF PUMPS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention of improvements in the construction of pumps relates to
that description of pump which is usually termed a rotary pump.
Our Invention consists in the adaptation to the purposes of pumping or
forcing water of a modification of an improved construction of steam engine,
for which the aforesaid Hyde Bateman has already obtained Letters Patent,
bearing date March 16th, 1864; No. 672: ·
Our improved pump consists of a circular annular chamber constructed of
two castings with semicircular grooves or spaces formed in them, so that when
the two castings are brought together a circular annular chamber is produced,

page_text: in which works a circular disc or piston made water-tight by means of suitable
metallic packing. This piston is attached to a hollow boss mounted on a
central shaft, which passes through stuffing boxes formed on the sides of the
cylinder casing, at the central part of which there are water chambers, with
which the supply and delivery pipes of the pump communicate. Spaces are
cut out of each side of the hollow boss (which carries the piston), and these
spaces communicate in succession with the openings of the water chamber as
the piston moves round. Two transverse discs mounted in suitable grooves or
ways, in which they can be moved in and out, are adapted to the annular
chamber, and are worked by excentrics as the piston moves round in the
cylinder. These transverse discs act as stops to divide the cylinder into
separate chambers or compartments, into one of which the water will rush
behind the piston as it moves forward, while the water is expelled from the
other compartment or from the front of the piston. In this way we are
enabled to construct a lift or force pump which will act equally well in either
direction, and does not require a separate air vessel.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed,
by the said Hyde Bateman and Edward Gooch Garrard in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 24th April 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, HYDE
BATEMAN, of Barres, in the County of Surrey, Surveyor, and EDWARD GOOCH
GARRARD, of Vauxhall, in the same County, Wine Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Hyde Bateman and Edward Gooch Garrard, Her special license that
we, the said Hyde Bateman and Edward Gooch Garrard, our executors,
administrators; and assigns, or such others as we, the said Hyde Bateman,
and Edward Gooch Garrard, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully-might
nake, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PUMPS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that we, the said Hyde Bateman and Edward Gooch Garrard, by an instru-
---

page_text: iment in writing under our hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Hyde Bateman and Edward Gooch
Garrard, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawings
hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is
to. say)
Our Invention of improvements in the construction of pumps relates to that
description of pump which is usually termed a rotary pump.
Our Invention consists in the adaptation to the purposes of pumping or
forcing water of a modification of an improved construction of steam engine,
for which the aforesaid Hyde Bateman has already obtained Letters Patent,
bearing date March 16th, 1864, No. 672.
Our improved pump consists of a circular annular chamber constructed of
two castings with semicircular grooves or spaces formed in them, so that when
the two castings are brought together a circular annular chamber is produced,
in which works a disc or piston made water-tight by means of suitable
metallic packing. This piston is attached to a hollow boss mounted on a
central shaft, which passes through stuffing boxes formed on the sides of the
cylinder casing, at the central part of which there are water chambers, with
which the supply and delivery pipes of the pump communicate. Spaces are
cut out of each side of the hollow boss (which carries the piston), and these
spaces communicate in succession with the openings of the water chamber as
the piston moves round. Two transverse discs mounted in suitable grooves
or ways, in which they can be moved in and out, are adapted to the
annular chamber, and are worked by excentrics as the piston moves round in
the cylinder. These transverse discs act as stops to divide the cylinder into
separate chambers or compartments, into one of which the water will rush
behind the piston as it moves forward, while the water is expelled from the
other compartment or from the front of the piston. In this way we are
enabled to construct a lift or force pump which will act equally well in either
direction, and does not require a separate air vessel.
In the accompanying Drawings, Fig. 1 is a plan view of one of my improved
pumps, showing the external working parts; Fig. 2 is a horizontal section of
the same, showing the stops or cut-off valves a, a, in plan; the boxes c, into

page_text: which they retire or are withdrawn, the seat of one stop cut-off valve, and
other working parts, and also the piston h and its boss i are shewn partly in
section. Fig. 3 is a part side elevation of the pump; Fig. 4 is a horizontal
section of the same showing the water ways s, s; Fig. 5 is a posterior élevation
of one side of the cylinder showing the boxes c for the stops or valves; Fig. 6
is an interior view of the cylinder showing the slots 6 on the interior (through
which the stops or cut-off valves a, a, work); the seats for the stops or cut-off
valves are formed in these slots. The groove f in the boss d of the cylinder
receives the flanges or ring edges of the piston boss, which rotates air-tight
in the groove. Fig. 7 is a side view of the piston boss, showing one of the
lateral openings, through which the fluids pass to or from the pump; Fig. 8
is a section of the same showing the way in which the piston rod, pin, or stud
is fitted into the piston boss; Fig. 9 is an edge view of piston and its boss
showing the slots or openings in the periphery of the latter, and through
which the fluids pass to or from the pump; Fig. 10 is a horizontal section of
the same showing the lateral openings in connection with the oblong slots
before mentioned; Fig. 11 is a plan view of piston with edge view of its boss,
showing one of the oblong slots or openings on one side of the piston; Fig. 12
is a horizontal section of the same showing the flanges or ring edge i¹ on the
plan of the boss; Fig. 18 is a 'cam developed. The cylinder is constructed in
two halves or portions, one-half of which is shown at Figs. 5 and 6. In each
half of the cylinder are formed half of the semicircular bore or space in which
the piston (with its boss shown detached in Figs. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,) rotates.
It will be seen on referring to Fig. 6 that the circular bore of the cylinder is
divided by the stops or valves a, a, Fig. 2, into two compartments; these
stops or cut-off valves work in slots b, b, Fig. 6, formed in the cylinder; and
in order to allow the piston to pass, these stops are capable of being with-
drawn at proper intervals into the boxes c, c, Figs. 1, 2, 3, 5, fixed on the
side of the cylinder. Twice during one rotation of the piston the stops or
cut-off valves a are both brought into such a position as to divide the cylinder
and remain in that position for a portion of the stroke while the piston is still
in motion. This arrangement is intended, as will afterwards be shown, for
the purpose of eqnalizing the pressure upon each stop or valve in. its turn
before being withdrawn, thereby a considerable amount of friction is avoided,
and an equal flow of the liquid is rendered more certain. Each of the halves
of the cylinder are constructed with a hollow boss d, Fig. 6, through which a
central opening e is formed for the purpose of inlet or outlet of the fluids
required to be raised or forced. There are also in the boss of each half of the
cylinder a circular groove f, furnished with elastic packing with metallic

page_text: .
frictional surfaces 9, 9, Figs. 2 and 4, and in which grooves f the flanges or
rings of the piston boss work air-tight.
The piston h; Figs. 2, 7, 8, 9, 11, and 12, is cast solid and circular in plan,
and is separate from its boss i. It is provided with an oblong necking, from
which projects a pin or stud, which is fitted into the boss i in such way as to
work in the circular bore of the cylinder easily should the interior of the
cylinder wear unequally. It is also when necessary fitted with a metallic packing
ring, which is pressed outwards by means of helical springs and tightening
, screws. The circular boss i, Figs. 7, 8, &c., is cast separate, having oblong
slots formed through the periphery on either side of the fitting for the piston
separate from each other, but in direct communication with lateral openings
on either side or plan of the boss, and in conjunction with the cavity or
central opening in the boss i, Fig. 6, on each half of the cylinder respectively.
In order to allow the piston to pass the stops or cut-off valves a, a, Fig. 2, the
latter must be drawn out of the way. This is effected by means of an arrange-
ment of levers j, j, Fig. 1, worked by cams k, k, each cast in two portions,
working on the central shaft or axle t with a feather secured by binding
screws, so that they are adjustable and can be brought nearer together as they
wear. The boss of the piston is cast with or securely keyed to the same shaft
or axle. These cams revolve with the axle or shaft t through rings 1, 1, Fig. 1,
formed in the stem of each lever for that purpose. The excentric groove
.formed by each pair of cams is seen developed at Fig. 13.
It will be seen on reference to Fig. 1 that. bowls m, m, attached to pins
within the rings 1, 1, of the levers j, Fig. 1, work in the excentric grooves of
5 the cams k, k, and actuate the levers j, j, Fig. 1, these being in direct com-
munication with the cross heads n, n, Fig. 1, of the valve rods o, o. It will
be at once evident that by this arrangement the stops or cut-off valves a, a,
may be drawn back or kept inert at the precise moment of time required,
and may be retained in that position as long as may be desired. Whilst the
O stops or cut-off valves a`are across the circular bore of the piston, it will be
seen that the edge of each nearest the piston boss is kept in close conjunction
with the periphery of the boss by means of the metal springs p, p, Fig. 2,
more so as the stops or cut-off valves are in position before any pressure from
the fluid is discovered though the machine be in motion. It will also be seen
5 in Fig. 2 that the rods o of the stops or cut-off valves a have a T end working
in a corresponding but loose opening in such stops or cut-off valves; this
allows them to fit in all positions without strain, and keeps them air-tight.
In order to equalize the pressure upon the stops or cut-off valves a when
required to be withdrawn, whether the pump be worked backward or forward,

page_text: it is arranged upon rotary motion being given to the shaft or axle t of the
pump, that so soon as one or the other of the stops or cut-off valves a are in
position across the circular bore of the cylinder, a portion of the oblong slot or
"latitudinal opening in the periphery of the piston boss opposed to that next
'the stop or cut-off valve in position is carried under and past the edge of that
required to be withdrawn. The result of this arrangement is that an equali-
zation of the pressure on the stop a is obtained, and the back pressure is taken
off. The weight of the stop or cut-off valve a is the only friction remaining
upon the withdrawal of the stop or valve. This equality of pressure remains
till the stop is again in conjunction with the periphery of the piston boss when
the same occurs to the other and opposing stop or cut-off valve a, and so on
whilst the machine is in motion. The ways through which the fluid passes
from or to the pump upon the piston moving towards one or other of the stops
'is shown at 's, 8, 8, s, Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. The slots for the valves a are carried
through the half of the cylinder at r, Fig. 1, and are covered with a metal
"plate beld in its position by the screw q, for the purpose of obtaining access
thereto when the interior requires cleaning. With little labour or power
according to size, a great quantity of liquid is lifted or forced in an equal and
continuous flow or stream without the use of an air chamber, and this may be
'done without driving the machine at a high speed.
Having now described the nature of our Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, we claim as our Invention the arrange-
ment or combination of parts herein set forth for constructing pumps which
are capable of being worked in either direction.
In witness whereof, we, the said Hyde Bateman and Edward Gooch
Garrard, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-fourth
day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-five.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
HYDE BATEMAN.
(L.S.)
EDWARD GOOCH GARRARD. (L.B.)