Improvements in the Manufacture of the Locking Studs of the end Doors of Railway Wagons and Trucks and in Machinery to be used in the said Manufacture.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Mar., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 15th Nov., 1899 -Accepted, 23rd Dec., 1899
FRUTTOIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of the Locking Studs of the end
Doors of Railway Wagons and Trucks and in Machinery to be used
in the said Manufacture.
We, JABEZ LONES and EDWARD HOLDEN, trading as Lones, Vernon and Holden,
of Sandwell Iron and Axle Works, Smethwick, in the County of Stafford,
Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The locking studs of the end doors of railway wagons and trucks to which
our invention applies consist of shouldered or cranked plate like shanks or feet
having cylindrical cross slotted studs at their ends, by which studs the end doors
are fastened down, the shouldered or cranked shanks or feet being fixed within
the wood or iron work body of the wagon or truck and the cylindrical studs
projecting from the said body. Our invention consists in manufacturing the
said locking studs from wrought iron or steel billets principally by rolling
operations conducted in the manner hereinafter described and by the use of the
machinery also hereinafter described.
In carrying our invention into effect we take a heated billet of wrought iron
'or-steel and by means of a series of rolling operations effected in pairs of
grooved rolls, we roll a long bar consisting of flat cranked parts or parts of
different levels alternating with cylindrical parts of less width, the cylindrical
parts having fins or projections on their sides in the plane of and joining the
flat cranked parts. Each of the rolled flat cranked parts of the bar is of a length
suitable to form therefrom two of the shanks or feet of the locking studs and
each of the adjacent cylindrical parts is of a length suitable to form therefrom
two of the locking studs proper. The side fins or projections on the cylindrical
parts of the rolled bar are of the same width as the flat cranked parts but at the
fast or finishing stage or stages of the rolling operations the thickness of the
said fins is considerably reduced.
By dividing transversely this rolled bar at the middles of the several cranked
shank or foot parts and cylindrical parts, a series of blanks or partly made
locking studs is produced, the partly made locking studs being finished by re-
moving the side fins or projections from the cylindrical parts, bevelling the
nose end of the cylindrical parts and piercing or otherwise forming a cross
cotter hole in the said cylindrical parts or studs for the fastening cotter of the
end door of the wagon or truck to pass through.
Instead of cranking the flat shank or foot parts of the rolled bar during the
rolling operation the said shank or foot parts may be rolled straight or in the
same plane, and after the blanks or partly made studs have been cut from the
rolled bar the shank or foot parts of the said blanks are cranked or bent at their
middles to form the shoulders of the shank or foot parts of the studs..
The rolls which we employ are provided with grooves progressively diminish-
ing in size and having such configurations as will gradually reduce and shape
the billet or bar operated upon into the flat cranked or straight shank pieces,

page_text: alternating with cylindrical or satud pieces, herein before described, the said rolls
being geared together within the housings by gearing wheels either at each end
or at one end or at the middle of the barrels of the rolls, for ensuring the
accurate rolling of the bars and to avoid, the production of waste bars; the
gearing wheels may either be cast on the barrels of the rolls or be made
separately and keyed thereto.
The finishing or last grooves of the rolls are provided at back with a fixed guard
or platform on which the finished or nearly finished bar issuing from the finish-
ing groove or grooves is delivered. The middle inner end of this guard or
platform fits between the collars of the rolls enclosing the grooves and its outer
or forked parts bear upon the said collars. By the use of this guard or plat-
form at the back of the finishing grooves of the rolls the finished bar is with cer-
tainty removed from the groove or grooves.
Dated this Fifteenth day of March 1899.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of the Locking Studs of the end
Doors of Railway Wagons and Trucks and in Machinery to be used
in the said Manufacture.
We, JABEZ LONES and EDWARD HOLDEN, trading as Lones, Vernon and Holden,
of Sandwell Iron and Axle Works, Smethwick, in the County of Stafford,
Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of our invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :—
The locking studs of the end doors of railway wagons and trucks to which
our invention applies consist of shouldered or cranked plate like shanks or feet
having cylindrical cross slotted studs at their ends, by which studs the end doors
are fastened down, the shouldered or cranked shanks or feet being fixed within
the wood or iron work body of the wagon or truck and the cylindrical studs
projecting from the said body.
Our invention consists in manufacturing the said locking studs from wrought
iron or steel billets principally by rolling operations conducted in the manner
hereinafter described and by the use of the machinery also hereinafter described.
In carrying our invention into effect we take a heated billet of wrought iron
or steel and by means of a series of rolling operations affected in pairs of
grooved rolls we roll a long bar consisting of flat cranked parts, or parts of
different levels, alternating with cylindrical parts of less width, the cylindrical
parts having fins or projections on their sides in the plane of and joining the
Hat cranked parts. Each of the rolled flat cranked parts of the bar is of a length
suitable to form therefrom two of the shanks or feet of the locking studs and
each of the adjacent cylindrical parts is of a length suitable to form therefrom
two of the locking studs proper. The side fins or projections on the cylindrical
parts of the rolled bar are of the same width as the flat cranked parts but at the
fast or finishing stage or stages of the rolling operations the thickness of the
said fins is considerably reduced.
By dividing transversely this rolled bar at the middles of the several cranked
shank or foot parts and cylindrical parts, a series of blanks or partly made
locking studs is produced, the partly made locking studs being finished by re-
moving the side fins or projections from the cylindrical parts, bevelling the

page_text: nose end of the cylindrical parts and piercing or otherwise forming a cross
cotter hole in the said cylindrical parts or studs for the fastening cotter of the
end door of the wagon or truck to pass through.
Instead of cranking the flat shank or foot parts of the rolled bar during the
rolling operation the said shank or foot parts may be rolled straight or in the
same plane and after the blanks or partly made studs have been cut from the
rolled bar the shank or foot parts of the said blanks are cranked or bent at their
middles to form the shoulders of the shank or foot parts of the studs.
The rolls which we employ are provided with grooves progressively diminish-
ing in size and having such configurations as will gradually reduce and shape
the billet or bar operated upon into the flat cranked or straight shank pieces,
alternating with cylindrical or stud pieces, herein before described the said rolls
being geared together within the housings by gearing wheels either at each end
or at one end or at the middle of the barrels of the rolls for ensuring the
accurate rolling of the bars and to avoid the production of waste bars; the
gearing wheels may either be cast on the barrels of the rolls or be made
separately and keyed thereto.
The finishing or last grooves of the rolls are provided at back with a guard
or platform on which the finished or nearly finished bar issuing from the finish-
ing groove or grooves is delivered. The middle inner end of this guard or
platform fits between the collars of the rolls enclosing the grooves and its outer
or forked parts bear upon the said collars. By the use of this guard or plat-
form at the back of the finishing grooves of the rolls the finished bar is with cer-
tainty removed from the groove or grooves.
We will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying drawings
the manner in which our invention is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in side elevation and plan a locking stud for the end door
of a railway wagon or truck manufactured according to our invention from
wrought iron or steel. The said locking stud consists of a shouldered or
cranked shank or foot & which is bolted or fixed within the wood or ironwork
of the body of the wagon or truck. The said shank or foot has at one end
a projecting cylindrical stud cross slotted, made solid to or in one piece with
the said shank as hereinafter described.
In making locking studs of the kind represented in Figure 1 we proceed as
follows: We take a heated billet of wrought iron or steel of the kind repre-
sented in Figure 2 and by a series of rolling operations effected in the rolls
hereinafter described we first give the billet the sectional form represented in
Figure 3; next that represented in Figure 4 and afterwards that represented in
Figure 5. By these preliminary rolling operations a bar having a cylindrical
figure with longitudinal side fins or projections is produced as represented in
Figure 5, the cylindrical part being marked c and the side fins or projections
being marked d, d. By a further rolling operation the long bar Figure 5 is
cranked at intervals and the cranked parts flattened, the metal of the cylindrical
parts at and adjacent to the cranked portions being displaced and rolled into the
flattened cranked parts. A long rolled bar of the kind represented in Figure 6
consisting of a series of fashioned parts joined end to end is thus produced, the
said long fashioned bar consisting of flat cranked parts e alternating with cylin-
drical parts the latter having fins or projections g, y on their sides in the
plane of and joining the flat cranked parts e, e. Each of the rolled flat cranked
parts e, e of the long bar, between adjacent cylindrical parts, is of a length
suitable to form therefrom two of the shanks or feet of the locking studs and
each of the adjacent cylindrical parts f is of a length suitable to form therefrom
two of the locking studs proper. The long bar being divided transversely mid-
way between the several flat cranked parts, a series of double locking stud
blanks of the kind represented in Figure 6 is produced. The next operation is
to remove by stamping or cutting or shearing tools the fins g, g from either
aide the stud or cylindrical part of each of the double blanks Figure 6 and

page_text: .
thereby produce a double blank of the kind represented in Figure 7. The
double locking stud blank of the kind represented in Figure 7 being divided
transversely at the middle of the cylindrical or stud part f each double blank
is converted into two locking stud blanks which are finished by piercing and
clipping the Hat cranked parts or shanks and bevelling the nose of and
cutting a cross cottar hole in the cylindrical part or locking stud proper fas
represented in the finished locking stud Figure 1. Instead of rolling a long bar
sufficient to form therefrom in the way described four or other multiple number
of locking stud blanks, a shorter bar suitable only for the production therefrom
of two stud blanks may be rolled. In this case the short bar is cut transversely
at the middle of the cylindrical part and the flat cranked ends trimmed to form
two locking stud blanks.
The rolls which we prefer to employ for giving the preliminary rollings to the
heated billet so as to produce the bar Figure 5 and to crank and finish the said
bar Figure 5 and convert it into the bar Figure 6, are represented in side eleva-
tion in Figure 8; transverse section in Figure 9 and vertical section in
Figure 10; Figure 11 represents the guard or platform used with the last or
finishing grooves of the rolls. The bar Figure 5 is rolled by passing the billet
Figure 2 in succession through the grooves 1, 2 and 3 and the bar Figure 5 is
finished by passing it through the last or finishing pair of grooves 4. The con-
struction of the finishing grooves will be best seen by referring to the cross
section Figure 9 where the cranking of the bar is effected by the shoulders h, h
the displacing and rolling of portions of the cylindrical part of the bar are
effected by the acting parts i, i of the rolls while the cylindrical parts to be
left on the bar and unoperated upon by the rolls occupy the depressions k, k
in the grooves of the rolls.
For ensuring the removal of the shaped bar from the last or finishing..grooves
we apply to the back of the rolls and opposite the groove of the lower roll, a
guide or platform marked l, m, m and n represented separately in Figure 11
and in connection with the rolls Figure 9. The middle projecting part / fits
between the collars of the bottom roll and bears nearly in contact with the
acting periphery of the said bottom roll while the outer or forked parts m, m
bear upon the collars of the roll. The guard is capable of a slight rising and
falling motion on its heel n to accommodate it to the changing configuration of
the acting periphery of the groove in the lower roll. The middle of the upper
face of the guard is provided with a depression p into which the cylindrical
parts of the rolled bar Figure 6 pass as the finished bar is delivered on to
the guide or platform.
The barrels of the two rolls are geared together within the housings q, g by
the gear wheels r, and s, s at each end. By the use of these gearing wheels
the accurate rolling of the bars is ensured and the production of waste bars
prevented. The gear wheels r, r and a, s are cast in one piece with the barrels
of the rolls; or the said gear wheels may be made separately and keyed to the
said barrels.
When the cranking of portions of the long bar is effected by an independent
operation instead of by the rolling process by which it is finished, the process
of manufacture is conducted in the manner represented in Figures 12 to 18 and
by the use of the rolls represented in elevation in Figure 19; vertical longi-
tudinal section in Figure 20 and cross section in Figure 21. The rolls used in
this modified process are the same as those first described excepting that the
last or finishing grooves of the rolls are without the shoulders by which the
cranking or bending of the bar is effected. In these rolls the parts are marked
with the same letters of reference as corresponding parts of the rolls first
described.
In conducting this modified process we take the heated billet Figure 12 and
pass it in succession through the grooves 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the rolls Figures 19,
20 and 21 so as to give the bar the sectional figures respectively represented in

page_text: Figures 13, 14, 15 and 16 and thereby produce a long bar having flat parts alter-
nating with cylindrical parts. The fat portions of the bar Figure 16 either in
the rolled length, or in short cut off lengths or blanks, are cranked by an inde-
pendent rolling operation or by a bending operation effected in a press or stamp
so as to produce the bar Figure 17.
The fins on opposite sides of the cylindrical parts of the bar Figure 17 are
then cut or pierced or sheared from the said cylindrical parts as represented in
Figure 18 and the bar cut up transversely into lengths or blanks and the lock-
ing studs made from the separated lengths or blanks in the manner herein first
described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that we claim
as our invention of "Improvements in the manufacture of the locking studs of
the end doors of railway wagons and trucks and in machinery to be used in the
said manufacture":-
First Manufacturing the said locking studs from rolled bars of wrought iron
or steel of a length suitable for the production of two, four or other multiple
number of locking stud blanka, the said bars consisting of flat cranked or
shouldered parts alternating with cylindrical parts having aide fins, the flat
cranked parts of the bars forming the shanks or feet of the locking studs and
the cylindrical parts of the bars forming middles of the several shank or foot
parts and cylindrical parts or at the cylindrical part only, the process of manu-
facture being conducted substantially as herein before described with respect to
Figures 1 to 7 both inclusive or being conducted by the modified process described
with respect to Figures 12 to 18 both inclusive of the accompanying drawings.
Secondly; The improvements in rolling machinery hereinbefore described
and illustrated in Figures 8, 9 and 10 of the accompanying drawings to be used
in the production of the rolled bar Figure 6 the said improvements consisting
in the combination with the three preliminary grooves 1, 2 and 3 of the finish-
ing groove 4 for bending or cranking the bar and for displacing the metal of
portions of the cylindrical parts at and adjacent to the cranked parts of the bar
substantially as herein before described and illustrated.
Thirdly; The modified rolls hereinbefore described and illustrated in
Figures 19, 20 and 21 of the accompanying drawings to be used in the pro-
duction of the flat or uncranked bar represented in Figure 16 of the drawings.
Fourthly The combination with the finishing or last grooves of the rolls
represented in Figures 8, 9, 10, 19, 20 and 21 of the accompanying drawings of
the guard or platform l, m, n and p represented in Figures 9 and 11 for ensur-
ing the removal of the rolled bar from the said finishing grooves.
Lastly; Gearing together the barrels of the special rolls claimed in Claims 2
and 3 by gearing wheels situated within the housings of the rolls for ensuring
the accurate rolling of the bar substantially as herein before described and illus-
trated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated the Fourteenth day of November 1899.