Year: 1886

page_text: We, FREDERICK LAWRENCE RAWSON of No. 11 Queen Victoria Street, in the
City of London, Electrical Engineer, and THEOPHILUS VAUGHAN HUGHES, of Cadby
Hall Works, West Kensington, in the County of Middlesex, Metallurgical Chemist,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to improvements in lights, in which the brilliance is
produced by the heating effect of a gas jet upon an incandescent substance, and
consists of improvements in the regulation of the light to be given therefrom, and.
in the economy of the heat therefrom by regeneration.
It is an important point in the case of such incandescent lights that they may
be easily regulated, to give any required degree of light with economy of gas, and
at the same time a due maintenance of the brilliancy of the light at any reduced
pressure or magnitude.
This we effect by connecting the substance which is rendered incandescent by the
action of the flame with the mechanical movement necessary to regulate the supply
of gas, air, or gas and air, in a Bunsen or other gas burner. By this means, con-
veniently by the raising and lowering of either the incandescent envelope or
substance, or the nozzle of the Bunsen or other burner, and equivalently, we vary
the area of the incandescent envelope or substance exposed to the action of the
flame, in proportion to the amount of gas, air, or gas and air, used in the burner,
thus always maintaining the same brilliancy of incandescence whatever the desired
size of light required.
It will be plain that it is not essential to have the raising or lowering arrange-
ment worked by the mechanical movement to regulate the supply of gas, air, or
gas and air. Other means can also be used, than raising or lowering, to alter the
area of substance played upon by the flame.
The regulation of the flow of gas, air, or gas and air, may be effected by the
ordinary tap and shutter at the base of the Buosen or other burner, where such is
used, the supply of gas, air, or gas and air, being thus shut off, or the flow may be
regulated by a closing of the orifice of the burner to reduce the escaping jet of gas,
air, or combined gas and air. But in either case, or in any equivalent method for
reduction of the supply of gas, air, or gas and air, we may either connect, the
incandescent envelope or substance to the tap, or other mechanical movement, by
suitable connections, so that the incandescent envelope or substance is raised or

page_text: lowered over the mouth of the gas burner, or the gas burner itself may be moved
relatively to the envelope or substance, or the envelope or substance may have
given to it any equivalent motion which shall effect the desired increase and
reduction of the area exposed to the action of the heat simultaneously with the
regulation of the flow of gas, air, or combined air and gas.
To effect the utmost economy of the heat developed by the gas jet, we propose
to make the same regenerating, that is to apply the waste heat to the heating of
the supply of air, or air and gas, before combustion.
We may effect this in several ways:-The air or gas, and air supply pipe, may
be brought down over the top of the flame to the base of the burner; Or, the flame
may be caused to issue from the bottom of an inverted burner, the burner being
preferably a hollow ring burner. The waste heat of combustion can thus be
carried off upwards through the centre of the said hollow ring burner, and may be
utilised to heat the air, or gas and air, before combustion.
FELL & WILDING,
Agents for the Applicants.

page_text: Improvements in Incandescence Gas Lights.
We FREDERICK LAWRENCE RAWSON, of No. 11 Queen Victoria Street, in the
City of London, Electrical Engineer, and THEOPHILUS VAUGHAN HUGHES, of
Cadby Hall Works, West Kensington in the County of Middlesex, Metallurgical
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what, manner, the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
Our invention relates to improvements in lights, in which the brilliance is
produced by the heating effect of a gas jet upon an incandescent substance, and
consists of improvements in the regulation of the light to be given. therefrom, and
in the economy of the heat therefrom by regeneration.
.
It is an important point in the case of such incandescent lights that they may be
easily regulated, to give any required degree of light with economy of gas, and at
the same time a due maintenance of the brilliancy of the light at any reduced
pressure or magnitude.
This we effect by connecting the substance which is rendered incandescent by
the action of the flame with the mechanical movement necessary to regulate the
supply of gas, air, or gas and air, in a Bunsen or other gas burner. By this means,
conveniently by the raising and lowering of either the incandescent envelope or
substance, or the nozzle of the Bunsen or other burner, and equivalently, we vary
the area of the incandescent envelope or substance exposed to the action of the
flame, in proportion to the amount of gas, air, or gas and air, used in the burner,
thus always maintaining the same brilliancy of incandescence whatever the desired
Bize of light required.
It will be plain that it is not essential to have the raising or lowering arrange-
ment worked by the mechanical, movement to regulate the supply of gas, air,.or
gas and air, other means can also be used than raising or lowering, to alter the area
of substance played upon by the flame.
.:
The regulation of the flow of gas, air, or gas and air, may be effected by the
ordinary tap and shutter at the base of the Bunsen or other burner, where such is
used, the supply of gas, air, or gas and air being thus shut off, or the flow may be.
regulated by a closing of the orifice of the burner to reduce the escaping jet of gas,
air, or combined gas and air. But in either case, or in any equivalent method of
reduction of the supply of gas, air, or gas and air, we may either connect the
incandescent envelope or substance to the tap, or other mechanical movement by
suitable connections, so that the incandescent envelope or substance is raised or
lowered over the mouth of the gas burner, or the gas burner itself may be moved
relatively to the envelope or substance, or the envelope or substance may have
given to it any equivalent motion which shall effect the desired increase and
reduction of the area exposed to the action of the heat, simultaneously with the
regulation of the flow of gas, air, or combined air and gas.
To effect the utmost economy of the heat developed by the gas jet, we propose to
make the same regenerating, that is, to apply the waste heat to the heating of the
supply of air, or air and gas before combustion.
I ..:

page_text: We may effect this in several ways. The air, or gas and air supply pipe, may
be brought down over the top of the flame to the base of the burner; or, the flame
may be caused to issue from the bottom of an inverted burner, the burner being
preferably a hollow ring burner. The waste heat of combustion can thus be
carried off upwards through the centre of the said hollow ring burner, and may be
utilized to heat the air, or gas and air, before combustion.
"
In order that our invention may be the better understood we now proceed to
describe the annexed sheets of drawings illustrative thereof.
Figure 1 shows our arrangement for regulating the light.
Figure 2 shows a modified form without regulation and embodying regenerative
principle.
Figures 3, 3, 4, 4* 5 and 5 show modified forms of burners.
In figure 1, which illustrates the method of regulation of the light, T is the turn
cock which regulates the supply of gas to the Bunsen burner. To this turn cock,
or the shaft thereof, is fitted or formed a lever d. To the lever d. is pivotted a
rod x which is attached to the cap M of tlie Bunsen burner, which is free to slide
upon a telescopic joint F. The smaller rod c controls the orifice of the air supply.
Upon a partial turn of the cock, the orifice of the air supply is diminished and the
sliding cap of the Bunsen burner is carried up inside the incandescent sack Sk,
thus at the same time reducing the air supply, and the area subject to the flame
of the burner, and therefore the brilliance of the light.
Proceeding now to describe our system of regeneration, and referring in the first
place to figure 2, Gs is the gas supply passing through the chimney C up which
the heated products of combustion pass, and which is formed into a coil Cin
order to take up as much of the heat as possible. N is the nozzle forming a burner
of the Bunsen type in which a very small vertical hole h is made, so as to allow
gas to enter the contracted space, Ca, in the burner, at a high velocity, and thus
indirectly to cause air to enter through the air holes A o, in order to mix with the
gas in the chamber Mc before combustion. RP are radial regenerative passages
which open into an annular space D E F which is so arranged that it forms a
circular chamber closed on the outer side towards O, by a strip of thin sheet metal
in which a number of slots or other perforations are punched, so as to form a
grating. The cold air enters through these slots. This chamber D E F may be
filled with small pieces of brick, slag wool or other material, for the purpose of
warming the air by contact, and for filtering some of the dust carried by it in:
suspension. These radial passages may be cast on to the central boss chamber.
They should be preferably narrow and deep and as numerous at possible, in order
that the air may pass through them slowly. They may be cast in one piece with
the central boss, and the annular chamber D E F. T is a tube for bringing air to
the centre of the flame for the purpose of causing it to take up an extended form
as shown in the drawing. A tube B slightly contracted at its lower end, and
screwed into the central boss chamber at m allows the hot air to be brought to the
flame, and causes it to impinge upon the incandescent material Sk. A ring of
steatite S t, or other suitable material, is jammed on to this tube to prevent injury
to the latter by flame contact. The incandescent material or sack is hemispherical
in form and three or more platinum wires attach it to a ring of metal R. This
ring, and with it the sack, can be quickly fixed in position by means of a bayonet
joint B to three or more pins X fixed in the regenerative passages. G G is the
glass hemisphere attached to the regenerative chamber by a brass ring Br, an
asbestos washer being inserted for the purpose of securing an air tight joint and
easing pressure on the glass.
•
Figure 3 represents an elevation and figure 3* a sectional plan of another form
of burner, for the purpose of heating a large sack and which may take the place
of the one already described. Ch is the gas chamber into which a number of
nozzles N, seen in plan in figure 3*, are screwed. Each nozzle dips into a light
metal piece, so formed that with the nozzle projecting into it, a sort of injector
results. Thus, the gas, while entering through the nozzle, draws in the proper

page_text: amount of air into the lower mixing chamber and exudes through the wire
gauze Wg. F is a tube pierced with holes at the upper end and thus in com- .
munication with the air supply, for the purpose of bringing air to the centre of the
flame to expand the same into shape as already explained in respect of figure 2.
The other parts are the same as in figure 2.
Figure 4 represents another alternative arrangement of burner by which four or
more Bunsen burners may open into a common mixing chamber. The other parts
of this correspond to those specified in respect of figure 2, with the exception
of a tube A s which is fitted to the plate carrying the Bunsen burners forming
a shield which prevents the flame from igniting the gas at the small holes of the
Bunsen burners.
With respect to the modification shown in figure 5, N is a nozzle, A o are the
air holes as specified in respect of figure 2; St is the steatite ring. The air and
gas discharge themselves into a mixing chamber M o, and they exude through the
wire gauze covering the bottom of the burner, the full amount of air for combustion
being admitted through the air spaces A 8, which are radial tubes filed obliquely
and.covered by the gauze which closes the mixing chamber.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:-
1st. The method of regulation of the light by means of a movable burner
operated by the mechanical movement regulating the supply of the gas or air
to a Bunsen or other gas burner, substantially as and for the purposes specified.
2nd. The combination of a burner of the Bunsen type constructed on the
regenerative principle together. with an incandescing material or sack.
3rd. The general construction of regenerative gas burner, substantially as
described in respect of figure 2.
4th. The specific construction of burners for incandescent gas lights, substantially
as described in respect of figures 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively.
Dated this 26th day of November 1886.
FELL & WILDING,
1, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C.,
Agents for the Applicants.