Improvements in the Construction of Bicycle Lamps.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Mar., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 15th June, 1896-Accepted, 22nd Aug., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Construction of Bicycle Lamps.
I, CHARLES ARTHUR ALLISON, of 52 Chancery Lane, London, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention (which
has been communicated to me froin abroad by Frank Rhind, Engineer, of
Bridgeport, Connecticut, United States of America, and The Bridgeport Brass
Company, Incorporated, of Bridgeport aforesaid) to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object generally to improve the construction of bicycle
lamps.
Firstly. The body of the lamp is formed of two or more pieces of sheet metal
without solder.
Secondly. A holder is provided for attaching the lamp to the bicycle dispensing
with brackets and spring connections permitting adjustment of the lamp in vertical
and horizontal planes. The holder is attachable to the head or fork of the bicycle
and is connected to the body in such manner as to strengthen the lamp.
Thirdly. A removable wind guard is provided, same consisting of an outer part
having a perforated top plate and an inner part having a non-perforated top plate.
These parts may or may not be separable.
Fourthly. A wick tube and deflector which prevents the flame running to a
point at its centre is provided. Such deflector also serves as a guide in trimming
the wick.
Fifthly. Perforations are made in and below the burner plate. A non-
perforated air deflecting plate is placed so that air entering the lamp at the open
connection between the body and reservoir strikes such deflecting plate and passes
over its edge before entering the body of the lamp..
Sixthly. A latch is provided for locking the reservoir and burner to the
body, this latch being positive and so preventing accidental disconnection of the
parts.
Seventhly. Means are provided for admitting air to the body only above and
below the flame, thus equalizing the currents and preventing the flame being
extinguished.
Eighthly. Removable concavo-convex glass shields are provided at the front of
the back reflector and at the back of the front reflector, the object of same being
to prevent tarnishing of the reflectors and to keep the front glass clean.
Ninthly. Shoulders are provided against which the shields above referred to
and the front glass rest, and sockets are forined in front of these shoulders. An
opening is made in the plane of each socket, and rings are provided having
outwardly turned ends which pass through the openings. These rings removably
retain the shields and front glass in place.
Dated this 27th day of March 1806
ALLISON BROS.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Construction of Bicycle Lamps.
I, CHARLES ARTHUR ALLISON, of 52 Chancery Lane, London, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention (which
has been communicated to me from abroad by Frank Rhind, Engineer, of
Bridgeport, Connecticut, United States of America, and The Bridgeport Brass
Company, Incorporated, of Bridgeport, aforesaid), and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
This invention has for its object to generally improve the construction of bicycle
lamps.
In the accompanying drawings forming part of this specification,
Fig. 1 is an elevation of my novel lamp complete,
Fig. 2 a view partly in vertical section, the two parts of the wind guard being
shown as separable.
Fig. 3 a plan view of the holder detached.
Fig. 4 a section of the head or handle bar rod of a bicycle showing the holder
in plan und in dotted lines a lamp carried in front of the head and also showing
in dotted lines a position of the holder when carrying a lamp at one side of the
head.
Fig. 5 a similar view illustrating another form of my novel holder.
Fig. 6 a front elevation of the front reflector showing the front glass or lens
held in position by my novel holding device.
Fig. 7 a detail inverted plan view of the outer end of the front reflector
illustrating a special form of opening for the ends of the ring.
Fig. 8 a plan view of the burner plate and deflector detached.
Fig. 9 a section of the burner plate and air deflector on the line - in Fig. 8,
the air deflecting plate appearing in elevation.
Fig. 10 a plan view of one form of air deflecting plate detached.
Fig. 11 a plan view of another form of air deflecting plate detached.
Fig. 12 a section on the line y-y in Fig. 13.
Fig. 13 a section on the line -z in Fig. 12.
Fig. 14 a view partly in section of the wind guard detached, the outer part of
the wind guard being made shorter than in Fig. 2 so as not to engage the body
of the lamp and being attached directly to the inner part.
Fig. 15 a section of the outer part of the wind guard detached, said part in this
form being made in a single piece and being adapted to engage the body of the
lamp.
Fig. 16 an elevation of the inner part of the wind guard detached.
Fig. 17 a rear elevation, Fig. 18 a plan view and
Fig. 19 a section on the line 8-s in Fig. 18 illustrating detached from the body
one form of connecting device by means of which the lamp is attached to the
holder.
Fig. 20 an elevation corresponding with Fig. 17 illustrating the same form of
connecting device applied to a two part body.
Fig. 21 an elevation of the outer part of a two part body detached.
Fig. 22 a side elevation and Fig. 23 a plan view illustrating another form of
connection between the holder and the lamp.
Fig. 24 a detail view illustrating the opening in the back of the body through
which the drum of the form of connecting device illustrated in Figs. 17, 18 and 19
is passed.
Fig. 25 a similar view illustrating openings through which the side plates of the
form of connecting device illustrated in Figs. 22 and 23 are passed, and

page_text: Fig. 26 is a detail view illustrating in connection with Fig. 2 the means provided
for admitting air to the body only above and below the flame thus equalizing the
currents and preventing the flame from being extinguished.
A denotes the body of the lamp which may be made from two or more pieces of
sheet metal which are fastened together by rivets and without solder, B the
reservoir which is secured to the body by an open connection C, D the wind guard
consisting of inner and outer parts which may or may not be separable, E the back
reflector, the front or cone reflector, G the front glass which may or may not be
a lens, H the holder by which the lamp is attached to a bicycle and K the
connecting device by which the lamp is attached to the holder.
Firstly I will describe the construction of the body of my novel lamp which
includes the connecting device by which the lamp is attached to the holder. In
Figs. 2, 17, 18, 19, 24 and 26 I have illustrated one form of body and the
corresponding connecting device by wbich the lamp is attached to the holder. In
Figs. 20 and 21 I have illustrated a modification in the construction of the body
and the connecting device and in Fig. 25 I have illustrated another slight modifi-
cation in the construction of the body to correspond with the special form of
connecting device illustrated in Figs. 22 and 23. The connecting device which [
have indicated as a whole by K comprises two elements viz.: a drum which may
be attached to the body as in Figs. 2 and 26 in connection with which see
Figs. 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 and 24 or to the holder H as shown in Figs. 22 and 23 in
connection with which see Fig. 25, and side plates 2 which may be attached to the
body as indicated in Figs. 22 and 23 in connection with which see Fig. 25 or to
the holder as clearly illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 in connection with which
see Figs. 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 24 and 26, said side plates and said drum being adapted
to turn relatively to each other whereby the lamp may be adjusted in the vertical
plane and be locked in position after adjustment by a bolt 3, see Figs. 1 and 2
which passes through both of said elements, or by any ordinary or preferred form
of lock as for example the lock illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5. The novelty in this
portion of my invention lies in the fact that the portion of the connecting device K
which is attached to the body no matter whether that portion be the drum as in
Figs. 1, 3, 4, 5, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 24 and 26 or the side plates as in Figs. 22, 23
and 25 is provided with wings 4 which lie on the inner side of the body and are
secured thereto by rivets passing through holes 5. It will of course be obvious
that the construction of the drum and wings may be greatly varied without
departing from the principle of my invention. In Figs. 17, 18, 19, 20 and 26
I have illustrated forms in which the drum is made in three pieces, the wings in this
form being made integral with plates 1" between which is a center piece 1b which
is curved to the outline of the drum and the ends 6 of which are secured to the
body by rivets passing through holes 7. In Fig. 18 I have shown plates 1" as
provided with flanges 8, which are turned over the edges of the center piece to
hold it firmly in position. In Figs. 22 and 23 I have illustrated a form in which
the drum is made part of the holder. In this form wings 4 are made integral
with the side plates and lie upon the inner side of the body in the same manner as
in the other form. 9, see Figs. 17, 18, 19 and 26 denotes flanges which may or
may not be formed upon the ends of the wings. These flanges when used form
ways to receive the back reflector E see Fig. 18. In Fig. 20 I have shown one of the
wings 4 as provided with an extension 12. This formn of construction is adapted to
be used in connection with the special form of body illustrated in Fig. 21. In
assembling the parts of the frame illustrated in Figs. 2, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 24
and 26 the drum is passed through an opening 10 in the back of the body, see
Figs. 2 and 24 and then the wings are riveted to the body. When the wings
form part of the connecting device as in Figs. 22 and 23 the side plates may
be passed through a single opening in the back of the body as in Fig. 24-or-
two smaller openings 11 may be made to just receive the side plates as
in Fig. 25.
Secondly I will describe the construction of the holder by which the lamp is

page_text: attached to a bicycle. This holder see Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 22 and 23 consists
essentially of a carrier HI to which the lamp is pivotally connected so as to swing
in the vertical plane and a clamp H 2 to which the carrier is adjustably connected
so that the carrier and lamp may be placed at any required position in the
horizontal plane. The lamp may be locked to the. carrier at any required adjust-
ment in the vertical plane and the carrier and with it the lamp may be locked
to the clamp at any required adjustment in the horizontal plane and the
clamp and with it both carrier and lamp may be adjustably connected to either the
head, handle bar rod or fork of a bicycle. Either the body of the lamp or
the carrier is provided with a drum 1 which may be of any suitable shape, the
drum being shown as made part of the body in Figs. 1, 2, 4, 5, 17, 18, 19, 20 and 26
and as part of the holder in Figs. 22 and 23. This drum lies between the side
plates 2 which may be part of the carrier as in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 or the side
plates may extend from the body of the lamp as in Figs. 22 and 23, in connection
with which see Fig. 25, and be rigidly locked to a drum forming part of the
carrier. The side plates and druin may be locked together in any suitable manner
as by an ordinary bolt 3 see Figs. 1 and 2 or by any special form of lock as for
example the lock illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5 which consists of a head 15 which lies
on the outer side of one of the side plates and is provided with an internally
threaded shank 16 which passes through said side plate. This shank is engaged
by a bolt 17 which passes through the bottom of a cap 18 and through the
other side plate. The head of bolt 17 lies within the cap and is provided with
recesses, such for example as are shown at 69 in Fig. 5 which receive a key in the
usual manner. Should it be necessary to adjust the lamp in the vertical plane the
operator simply loosens the bolt, which secures the side plates to the drum,
sufficiently to permit the side plates, or drum as may be, to be turned slightly to
place the lamp in the required position and then locks the side plates and drum
together by tightening up the bolt again. The rear end of the carrier see
Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4, is pivoted to the clamp as by means of a bolt 19 between the
depressions in such a manner as to perinit adjustment of the carrier and lamp in
substantially the horizontal plane, or if preferred an ordinary form of lock may be
used as shown in Figs. 4 and 5. The clamp H 2 consists of two arms 20 which
are depressed as at 13 to adapt them to partially inclose the head or handle bar
rod of a bicycle as clearly shown in Fig. 4 and are also depressed as at 14 to
adapt them to partially inclose the fork of a bicycle. To adjust the carrier and
lamp in the horizontal plane it is simply necessary to loosen bolt 19 sufficiently to
permit the carrier and with it the lamp to be placed in the required position
where they are locked by tightening up the bolt again. The arms of the clamp
are locked to the head, handle bar rod or fork of a bicycle by means of a bolt 21
which may be an ordinary bolt as shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 or if preferred a
lock of the class illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5 may be used. When using this form
of holder should the rider desire to carry his lamp at either side of the head of a
bicycle as for example where a brake rod lies in front of the head it is simply
necessary to place the parts in the position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 4. The
clamp and with it the carrier and lamp may be adjusted at any time upon the
head by simply loosening bolt 21 sufficiently to permit the arms to be moved on
the head then tightening up the bolt again. In the form illustrated in Fig. 5
the side plates are shown as inade integral with a shank 22. The arms 20 of
clamp H 2 in this form are pivoted to a block 23. The block is provided with
holes 24 see dotted lines which pass through it in the horizontal plane at right
angles to each other. These holes receive shauk 22 in either of the positions
shown in Fig. so as to give precisely the same adjustments of the carrier and
lamp relatively to the head, handle bar rod or fork of a bicycle as in the other
form. Having inserted the shank in one of the holes. in the block the carrier and
with it the lamp are locked in position by a bolt 23, which may be either au ordinary
bolt or a locking bolt as shown in the drawing. It will be of course be apparent
that the side plates and the block may be reversed in this form the same as in the

page_text: other form that is to say the side plates may be made part of the lamp and the
drum formed integral with the shank, in other words made part of the carrier, in
practically the same manner as in Figs. 22 and 2
Thirdly I will describe the construction of the removable wind guard. N denotes
the outer part, the top plate 26 of which is provided with perforations 27 and
O the inner part, the top plate 68 of which is imperforate. In Fig. 15 I have.
illustrated a form in which the outer part is made in a single piece and in Figs. 2
and 14 a form in which the outer part is made in two pieces. In Figs. 2, 15.
and 16 1 have illustrated a form in which the inner part and the outer part both
engage the body of the lamp and are separable from each other, and in Fig. 14 a
form in which the outer part is rigidly secured to the inner part the latter only
engaging the body of the lamp. The inner part in all of the forms is provided
below the non perforated top plate with a wall 28 provided with openings 29 for
the free passage of air from the body of the lamp. Below wall 28 which is shown
as vertical although it is not necessarily so is in inwardly turned wall 30. Below.
wall 30 is a wall 31 which is shown as vertical although it is not necessarily so and
below wall 31 is an outwardly turned wall 32 which is provided with a flange 33
adapted to fit closely over the top of the body of the lamp, see Fig. 2. In the
form illustrated in Fig. 14 the outer part is made shorter than in the form
illustrated in Figs. 2 and 15 and does not engage the body of the lamp. In the
form illustrated in Fig. 14 one of the parts in the present instance the inner part,
is provided with lugs 34 which are riveted to the other part, as at 35. 36 denotes
openings in the top plate for the free passage outward of air that may enter
through the perforations 27 in the top plate of the outer part, it being of course
necessary to provide for free circulation of air between the perforated top of the
outer part and the non perforated top of the inner part so as to cool the top plate
of the inner part and in fact the entire wind guard in use. Below openings 36 is
a ring 37 and below this ring are openings 38 which permit free passage of air in
either direction. Between wall 28 of the inner part and ring 37 of the outer part
is an opening 39 for the upward passage of a current of outside air. It will of
course be understood that the general object in the construction of the wind guard
is to permit hot air to pass freely from the body of the lamp without danger of
outside air currents or of moisture entering the body. It will readily be seen that
in use the heated air will pass from the budy of the lamp into the inner part and
will pass out freely from the inuer part through openings 29. It is impossible for
outside air currents to pass in at these openings as they are protected from outside
air current by ring 37. Currents of outside air enter the outer part freely through
openings 38 but are deflected outward by walls 30 and 31 and either pass across
and out at other openings 38 or pass upward through opening 39 and out at
openings 36. The upward current of outside air keeps the parts cool and also
produces an upward draft within the body of the lamp. The outward passage of
the current of air from the body of the lamp is not impeded to the slightest extent.
by any portion of the structure but is simply deflected sufficiently to render it
impossible for moisture or outside air currents to enter the body of the lamp.
It will be seen that the entire outer surface of the inner part and both sides of the
outer part are exposed to outside air currents so that all of the parts are kept.
comparatively cool in use.
Fourthly will describe the construction of the wick tube and air deflector.
40, see Figs. 8 and 9 denotes the wick tube and 41 the air deflector. The novel
feature of the wick tube is that it is made highest at the sides as at 42 and
lowest at the ends as at 43 thus protecting the wick at the sides and leaving it
exposed at the ends so that when the wick is trimmed straight across the flame
will tend to run up at the ends and will frequently be depressed at the center, the
tendency to run up at the center being wholly overcome. In practice the sides of
the wick tube are preferably curved-from end to end as in Fig. 9. In connection
with this form of wick tube I make the top of the air deflector straight across as
at 44 by that I mean that the line at the top of the air deflector is parallel to

page_text: the plane of the burner so as to form a perfect guide in trimming the wick, it
being simply necessary to cut the wick straight across the top of the deflector.
1 also preferably make the ends of the deflector lower than the sides as
at 45 so as to permit air to pass inward freely to support combustion at the ends
of the wick.
Fifthly I will describe the construction of the burner plate and the non-
perforated air deffecting plate which I place below the burner plate. 46 sec
Figs. 8 to 11 inclusive, denotes the burner plate which surrounds the wick tube
and is provided with perforations 47 the function of which is to permit air which
enters through the open connection C to pass into the body freely to feed the
flame. Below the burner plate I place an air deflecting plate 48 which is the vital
feature of this portion of my invention. 49 denotes an opening in the air deflecting
plate through which the wick tube passes. The action of the air deflecting plate
will be clearly understood from Fig. 9. All the air which enters the body of the
lamp from below must pass through the open connection C and through the burner
plate before it can enter the body. Hertofore no means has been provided to
regulate the passage of air through the burner plate into the body and to prevent
air from passing into the body in puffs and sudden currents. This is wholly
obviated by the use of my novel air deflecting plate. In my present construction
air that enters the body from below comes in contact with the air deflecting plate
which is non perforated and can only get to the burner plate by passing over
the edge of the air deflecting plate as in Figs. 9 and 10, said plate being made
smaller than the burner plate so as to leave an opening 50 at the edge of the
air deflecting plate to permit air to pass freely or through openings 50 formed
in the plate itself near the edge thereof as in Fig. 11. After passing the air
deflecting plate the air then passes inward and upward and through perforations 47
in the burner plate to feed the flame.
Sixthly I will describe the latch by which the reservoir and burner are locked
to the body. 51, see Figs. 12 and 13 denotes my novel latch which consists of a
strip of metal having at one end a finger piece 52 which lies on the outside for
convenience in operation and at the other end an inwardly turned end 53. This
latch is shown as socketed in the opposite sides of the open connection, finger
piece 52 lying on one side of the connection and the inwardly turned end 52
extending upward and inward above the connection on the opposite side so as to
engage the body as will be more fully explained. The burner plate is provided
on one side with an outwardly projecting lug 54 which is adapted to engage an
opening 55 in the body and on its opposite side with an opening 56 which is
adapted to be engaged by the inwardly turned end 53 of the latch. 57 denotes
an opening in the side of the body opposite to opening 55 and registering with
opening 56 in the burner plate through which the inwardly turned end of the
Jatch passes before entering opening 56. I have shown a simple form of latch
which is adapted to be used with the special form of wick tube shown. It is
obvious however, that it is wholly within the scope of my invention to make such
alterations in the shape of the latch as may be required by the general construction
of the lamp. The latch is retained at its locking position by means of a spring 58
suitably arranged for that purpose. In the present instance I have shown a
coiled spring one end of which is attached to the open connection the other to the
latch. In use to connect the parts the operator presses the latch inward against
the power of the spring from the position shown in full lines in Fig. 13 to the
position shown in dotted lines. Opening 55 in the body is then engaged with
lug 54 the opposite side of the body lowered to place and the latch released. The
spring will then cause the inwardly turned end 53 of the latch to pass through
opening 57 in the body and to enter the corresponding opening 56 in the burner
plate. When the latch is in the position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 13 the
body may be readily detached from the reservoir and burner.
Seventhly I will describe means which I provide for admitting air to the body
only above and below the flame. 59, see Figs. 2 and 26, denotes openings in the

page_text: back of the body near the top and bottom thereof, the essential feature being that
these openings shall be located above and below the flame and only at the back so
that air entering the body at these openings will enter above and below the flame'
simultaneously and without undue force thus equalizing the currents in the body.
In other words air must pass into the body near the top and bottom thereof so that
the downward current from the openings 59 near the top of the body which would
tend to extinguish the flame is equalized by the current entering the opening 59
near the bottom of the body which moves upward so that the flame is practically
unaffected by the currents. This equalization of the air currents insures a steady
flame and prevents flickering. In order to insure that strong currents of air shall
not enter the body at either of the openings 59 I make the base of drum 1,
see Figs. 2 and 26, long enough so as to cover said openings and provide
openings 60 in the sides of the drum see Figs. 1, 2, and 19 for the passage of air
into the drum. The effect of these openings is to break up any strong air currents.
Outside air enters the drum freely at any or all of the openings 60 but can pass from
the drum into the body only at the openings 59 at the top and bottom thereof,
there being in fact two currents aud only two entering the body from the drun at
all times, one above the flame and the other below the flame and both at the back
of the lamp thus equalizing the currents at the flame and preventing flickering.
Eighthly I will describe the removable concavo convex shields at the front of
the back reflector and at the back of the front reflector whereby tarnishing of the
reflectors is prevented and the glass or leus in the front reflector is kept clean,
61 see Fig. 2 denotes transparent concavo convex shields one of which I place
in front of the back reflector and one at the inner end of the front reflector. These
concavo convex shields are made of glass aud may be held in place respectively in
front of the back reflector and at the inner end of the front reflector in any
ordinary or preferred manner but preferably in the manner which I shall presently
describe. It is of course well understood that when heat rays of any appreciable
intensity come in contact with a glass surface the glass will expand. It is impossible
however, to insure that expansion of all parts of the glass shall be uniform, uneven
expansion of the glass is as a matter of fact unavoidable, the expansion being
necessarily greatest where the heat is most intense. If the surface with which the
heat rays come in contact is a flat surface it is obvious that one of two things must
happen, the glass must either bulge in some direction or break. If as in the present
instance the heat rays are most intense at approximately the center of the glass it
is obvious that the sides of the glass will expand to a lesser degree than the center.
As the molecules of the glass will be under uneven tension one of two things must
happen, the glass must either bulge or break. If the glass is flat it is extremely
unlikely that it will bulge and extremely likely that it will break, there being no
impulse to start a curvature in either direction. I have found after long continued
experiments, that it is practically impossible to make flat glasses serve the purpose
of shields for the reflectors of bicycle lamps, it being obvious that the shields must
be in close proximity to the flame, and that uneven expansion will take place every
time the lamp is lighted. I have found moreover that by using curved, i.e. concavo
convex shields the danger of breaking is practically done away with. The reason
for this is that there is no resistance to the expansion of the glass, the glass
expanding under heat in the direction of the curvature and it making no difference,
so far as I have been able to discover, at what portion of the shield the heat is most
intense.
Ninthly I will describe the means by which the removable parts of the lamp
such as the concavo convex transparent shields and the front glass or lens are held
in place in such a manner that they may be readily removed for cleaning or any
other purpose and as readily replaced. At the front end of the front or cone reflector
is the usual glass or lens G and at the rear end of the front reflector is a concavo_
convex glass shield 61 and at the front of the back reflector E is a smaller concavo
convex glass shield 61. The novelty in this portion of my invention consists in

page_text: providing the fixed parts of the lamp with a shoulder or shoulders 62 and in front
of said shoulder or shoulders with a socket or sockets 63 and in the plane of the
sockets with an opening 64. 65 denotes holding rings which may or may not be
spring rings and are adapted to lie in the sockets 63 to hold the glass, shield, or
other part firmly in place against the shoulder. Opening 64 is made long enough
to permit the ring to be contracted and to be inserted or removed by simply
pressing the ends together and may either be straight as in Fig. 6 or provided with
locking recesses 66 at its ends, which are engaged by the ends of the ring as clearly
shown in Fig. 7. The glass, lens, shield or other part to be held in place rests
against the shoulder or shoulders which may be formed in any convenient manner, the
special mode of forming the shoulder or shoulders not being of the essence of my
invention. The mode of forming the socket or sockets is likewise not of the essence of
my invention, for example the socket to receive the holding ring may be a groove
as shown at both ends of the front reflector in Fig. 2 see also Fig. 6 or a number of
sockets may be formed by means of lugs upon the fixed part as is clearly shown
in connection with the back reflector in said fig. 67 denotes the ends of the rings
which are turned outward aud pass through openings 64 and are separated a
sufficient distance to permit the rings to be contracted as in removal or insertion as
is clearly indicated in Fig. 2. In addition to turning the ends of the holding rings
outward which is an essential feature of my improved construction I preferably
bend each of the ends backward more or less, see Fig. 6 that is bend the ends so
that their tips are at a greater distance apart than where the ends intersect with the
ring proper so that instead of lying parallel with each other the ends form more or
less acute angles with the ring whereby in use the rings are locked firmly in place
and are prevented from jumping out of the sockets under any circumstances.
When
the operator desires to remove a front glass, shield or any other part for cleaning
er to put in a new part it is simply necessary to contract the ring by pressing
inward upon the outwardly turned ends 67 and swing the ring outward as indicated
by dotted lines in Fig. 2 but without detaching the ring from the body. This
permits the glass or shield to be readily removed as for cleaning. In inserting a
glass or shield the operator simply places it in position with its edge resting against
the shoulder the holding ring being contracted by pressing its ends inward and then
swings the ring inward into the socket or sockets and against the glass or shield to
lock the latter in place. The rings themselves may be readily removed if required
by simply pressing the ends inward far enough to permit them to be drawn out
from the openings.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. Forming the body of the lamp from two or more pieces of sheet metal which
are secured together by rivets and without solder.
2. The combination with a lamp body having an opening, of a connecting device
comprising two elements viz.: side plates and a drum one of said elements being
passed through the opening in the body and being provided with wings which are
riveted to the inner sides of the body.
3. The combination with a lamp body having an opening, of a suitable holding
device and a connecting device comprising two elements, viz.: side plates and a
drum one of said elements being attached to the holding device and the other element
being passed through the opening in the body and provided with wings which are
riveted to the inner side of the body the ends of said wings being shaped to form
ways to hold a back reflector.
4. The combination with a bicycle lamp and a carrier one of said parts having
a drum 1 and the other part having side plates 2 lying on opposite sides of the
drum and means for pivotally securing said side plates to the drum, of a clamp
.to which the carrier is adjustably connected, said clamp consisting of arms

page_text: provided with depressions to adapt them to engage a bicycle head and other
depressions to adapt them to engage a bicycle fork and means for locking the arms
to the bicycle.
5. The combination with a bicycle lanp and a carrier to which the lamp is
pivotally connected, of a clamp consisting of two arms to which the carrier is
adjustably conuected, said carrier and the arms of the clamp being formed from
single pieces of sheet metal, said arms having depressions to partially inelose a
bicycle head and other depressions to partially inclose a bicycle fork and a locking
bolt which passes through the arms between the depressions.
6. A wind guard for bicycle lamps comprising an inner part having openings 29
to permit free passage of air from the body of the lamp and a non-perforated top
plate and an outer part having a top plate provided with perforations 27 to permit
passage of air in either direction, openings 36 t permit passage of air outward
openings 38 to permit entrance of outside air and a ring 37 which covers the openings
in the inner part leaving an opening 39 between said inner part and said outer part
for free passage of the current of air which enters at openings 38 and passes out at
openings 36.
1
7. In a bicycle lamp the combination with a body, of a removable outer
part N having openings 36 to permit free escape of the products of combustion,
openings 38 to permit free entrance of outside air and a ring 37 and an inde
pendently removable inner part O having openings 29 to permit free escape of the
products of combustion and a non-perforated top plate, sail ring 37 covering the
openings in the inner part and leaving an opening 39 between the inner part and
the outer part.
8. In a bicycle lamp the combination with a wick tube whose sides at the top are
curved so as to expose more wick at the ends than at the center, of an air deflector-
acting as and for the purpose set forth whose sides at the top are straight so as to
form a guide in trimming whereby a flame higher at the ends than at the center is
produced from a wick cut straight across.
9. In a bicycle lamp the combination with a wick tube whose sides at the top
are curved so as to expose more wick at the ends than at the center, of an air
deflector acting as and for the purpose set forth whose sides at the top are
straight so to form a guide in trimming and whose ends are lower than the sides
whereby a flame higher at the ends than at the center is produced from a wick cut
straight across.
10. The combination with a body, a reservoir, an open connection between said
body and reservoir and a wick tube, of a burner plate having perforations through
which the air may pass freely to the body and below said burner plate a non
perforated air deflecting plate, an opening or openings being provided at the edge
of the air deflecting plate so that air entering the body from below must first pass
the air deflecting plate then inward and upward through the burner plate whereby
puffs and currents of air in the body are prevented.
11. The combination with the burner plate having a lug 54 and an opening 56, of
a hody having an opening 55 to receive said lug and an opening 57 which registers
with opening 56 and a spring actuated latch extending across under the burner
plate and provided with an inwardly turned end 53 which is adapted to pass through
opening 57 in the body and engage the opening in the burner plate whereby the
parts are locked together.
12. The combination with open connection C and a burner plate provided with a
lug 54 and an opening 56, of a body having an opening 55 to receive said lug and
an opening 57 which registers with opening 56 and a sliding spring actuated latch
having bearings in the open connection and provided at oue enl with a finger piece
and at the other end with an upwardly and inwardly turned end which is adapted to
pass through the opening in the body and engage the opening-in-the-burner plate
substantially as described for the purpose set forth.
13. In a bicycle lamp the combination with a body having two openings 59 at
the back thereof, one of said openings being above and the other below the

page_text: burner, of drum 1 which covers said openings and the sides of which are provided
with openings 60 for the entrance of air whereby currents of air entering the drum
are broken up and are only permitted to enter the combustion chamber from the rear
and above and below the flame, the currents being thereby equalized and flickering
of the flame prevented.
14. In a bicycle lamp the combination with a body a burner and a reflector, of a
removable concavo convex shield secured to the reflector substantially as described
for the purpose set forth.
15. The combination with a burner, a body, a back reflector lying within
the body and a front reflector at the front of the body and having a glass at its
outer end, of removable concavo-convex glass shields placed at the front of the
back reflector and at the back of the front reflector whereby tarnishing of the
reflectors is prevented and the glass in the front reflector is kept clean.
16. In a bicycle lamp the combination with a fixed part of a lamp having a
shoulder and in front of said shoulder a socket and in the plane of the socket an
opening, of a removable part adapted to rest against said shoulder and a ring having
outwardly turned ends adapted to pass through said opening and lying at a distance
apart so that when said ends are pressed toward each other the ring will be contracted
and the removable part may be taken out.
17. The combination with a fixed part of a lamp having a shoulder and in
front of said shoulder a socket and in the plane of the socket an opening, of a
removable part adapted to rest against the shoulder and a ring having outwardly
turned ends adapted to pass through said opening and lying at a distance apart
said ends of the ring being bent backward from each other so that said ends form
an acute angle to the body of the ring substantially as described for the purpose
set forth.
18. The combination with a front reflector having an opening 64, a socket or
sockets and a shoulder or shoulders back of the socket or sockets, of a glass adapted
to rest against the shoulder or shoulders and a spring ring having outwardly turned
ends passed through said opening and lying at a distance apart, said ring being held
in the socket or sockets outside of the glass solely by its elasticity and by the
outwardly turned ends in the opening so that when said ends are pressed toward
each other the ring will be contracted and both ring and glass may be tilted
forward and removed.
Dated this 15th day of June 1896
ALLISON BROS.,
Agents for the Applicant.