IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST-METAL BLANKS FOR SHOVELS, SPADES, SCOOPS, AND BUCH-LIKE IMPLEMENTS, AND APPARATUS THEREFOR.
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Denton Abel, of No. 20, Southampton
Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST-METAL BLANKS
FOR SHOVELS, SPADES, SCOOPS, AND BUCH-LIKE IMPLEMENTS, AND APPARATUS
THEREFOR. .”—A communication from abroad by Edward Binns and
Elmore Barnes, both of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, United States of
America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Denton Abel
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 24th May 1875.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
CAST-METAL BLANKS FOR SHOVELS, SPADES, SCOOPS, AND SUCH-LIKE IMPLEMENTS,
AND APPARATUS THEREFOR," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of cast-metal blanks for
shovels, spades, scoops, and such-like implements in which the straps

page_text: for securing the shovel to the handle are cast in one piece with the
blade. Heretofore such blanks have been manufactured either with
the portion for the straps cast in two parts or projections, or with the
portion for the straps cast in one solid piece, which is afterwards divided
into two by cutting. Both of these forms of blanks are necessarily 5
hammered to shape instead of being shaped under the rolls as is the
case with wrought-metal blanks, for the reason that the straps would
become twisted or displaced under the rolls.
The present Invention consists in making such cast-metal blanks with
the portions for the straps united at their outer ends, forming a loop, 1
whereby the blank may be worked by the rolls without liability of
displacing the straps. For this purpose a divided mould for the blank
is employed, having a wide part for the blade and a narrow part for the
straps. In the narrow part is placed a core of sand or other destructible
material resting on either side on shoulders formed in the mould, and so 1
situated as to leave spaces between its two flat faces and outer end and
the sides and end of the mould, into which spaces the metal is run when
casting the blank so as to form the before-mentioned looped straps.
The inner end of the core is pointed and projects into the mould for
the blade, so as to form a core for the socket therein.
2
The loop of the straps might also be formed by placing in the mould
at the end of the before-mentioned core a link or piece of metal which
may form a support for the core, and which in casting the blank
unite with and link together the outer ends of the straps. The blank
having been cast it is removed from the mould, the core between the 2
straps is destroyed, and the blank is shaped under the rolls, after which
the loop at the ends of the straps is cut through and the straps are
shaped for receiving the handle.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles Denton Abel in the Great Seal Patent 30
Office on the 6th November 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in
the County of Middlesex, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
5 give and grant unto me, the said Charles Denton Abel, Her special
license, that I, the said Charles Denton Abel, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles Denton
Abel, my executors, administatrors, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST-metal Blanks FOR
SHOVELS, SPADES, SCOOPS, AND SUCH-LIKE IMPLEMENTS, AND APPARATUS THEREFOR,”
a communication to me from abroad by Edward Binns and Elmore
Barnes, both of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, United States of America, upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Charles Denton Abel,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
"
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Denton Abel, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings, and to the figures and letters marked
thereon, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of cast-metal blanks for
shovels, spades, scoops, and such-like implements in which the straps
for securing the shovel to the handle are cast in one piece with the
blade. Heretofore such blanks have been manufactured either with
the portion for the straps cast in two parts or projections, or with the
portion for the straps cast in one solid piece, which is afterwards divided
into two by cutting. Both of theso forms of blanks are necessarily
hammered to shape instead of being shaped under the rolls as is the

page_text: case with wrought-metal blanks, for the reason that the straps would
become twisted or displaced under the rolls.
The present Invention consists in making such cast-metal blanks with
the portions for the straps united at their outer ends, forming a loop,
whereby the blank may be worked by the rolls without liability of
displacing the straps. For this purpose a divided mould for the blank
is employed, having a wide part for the blade and a narrow part for the
straps. In the narrow part is placed a core of sand or other destructible
material resting on either side on shoulders formed in the mould, and so
situated as to leave spaces between its two flat faces and outer end and
the sides and end of the mould, into which spaces the metal is run when
casting the blank so as to form the before-mentioned looped straps.
The inner end of the core is pointed and projects into the mould for the
blade, so as to form a core for the socket.therein.
The loop of the straps might also be formed by placing in the mould 1
at the end of the before-mentioned core a link or piece of metal which
may form a support for the core, and which in casting the blank may
unite with and link together the outer ends of the straps. The blank
having been cast it is removed from the mould, the core between the
straps is destroyed, and the blank is shaped under the rolls, after which 2
the loop at the ends of the straps is cut through and the straps are shaped
fox woncising the handle

page_text: two sides, and at its end e. The halves of the mould are fitted together
by dowel pins a³, and being secured together with the core in its proper
position molten metal poured into a fills the mould surrounding the
core E, except on the two sides which are in contact with the mould.
When the casting is removed from the mould it brings with it the core,
which may be readily removed, leaving a cast blank having the looped
portion corresponding to the strap, as shown in Fig. 4, and the flat
part corresponding to the blade, the dotted lines indicating the
interior of the socket as left in the casting by the core point e¹. In
the blank thus cast the parts which are to form the straps in the finished
shovel are united at their extremities, forming a loop, which enables tho
blank to be plated by the rolls without distorting the straps. The ends
of the straps or portion of the casting might be united or looped by
casting in a link or by supporting the end e of the core above the bottom
of the mould by a small piece of metal, which would unite with the
blank at the time of casting.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondents, I claim,-
First. Casting a shovel blank, having those parts of the casting which
correspond to the straps united at their outer ends so as to form a loop,
substantially in the manner and for the purpose herein set forth.
Second. The use for casting a shovel blank in the manner referred to
above of a mould made in halves with a destructible core supported
therein, substantially as herein described.
In, witness whereof, I, the said Charles Denton Abel, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of October,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.
CHAS. D. ABEL. (L.S.)