matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPA- RATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF LIQUORICE CAKES, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE MANUFACTURE OF OTHER CAKES OR LOZENGES MADE OF PLASTIC MATERIALS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wharldall at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
December 1864.
I, WILLIAM WHARLDALL, of Pontefract, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPA-
RATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF LIQUORICE CAKES, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE
MANUFACTURE OF OTHER CAKES OR LOZENGES MADE OF PLASTIC MATERIALS,"
to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to dispense with the present method of cutting
and stamping liquorice cakes by hand. For this purpose upon a suitable
table I place two iron standards or frames at a suitable distance apart, and
parallel to each other. Each standard is slotted to permit of a vertical
reciprocating motion being imparted to a hollow rectangular bar (extending
from standard to standard), the turned ends of which work within the same.
To the under side of this bar I affix a series of cutters (circular by preference).
which may be made of brass of the diameter required, or (if desired) a brass.
plate may be substituted for the separate cutters, each plate having the desired
number of holes bored out. To the upper side of the hollow rectangular bar
I affix as many guides as there are cutters immediately over the same; within
each guide I place a spindle, free to receive a reciprocating motion, and having.
a stamp or die affixed to the lower end. Small springs are placed on each
spindle between the guides and the solid bar, working between the standards
and guided by the same. A lever from the top bar of the apparatus is used

page_text: at the required time to depress the solid bar, and consequently the stamps or
dies. The bar carrying the cutters I connect by means of levers to an ordinary
treadle.
The operation of the machine is as follows:-An ordinary roll of plastic
material from which liquorice cakes are made, prepared in the usual manner,
is placed under the series of cutters, upon a convenient board. The cutter
being depressed, the roll is cut up into small pieces, each one sufficient to
make one liquorice cake. Before raising the cutter the stamps or dies are
caused to descend and impress the material, at the same time giving it a
regular and circular shape causing it to fill the bottom of the cutter. Raising
the cutter, the springs on the die spindles already compressed become more so,
the cakes are left on the board, and the pressure of the lever on the solid bar
being removed, the compressed springs cause the spindles carrying the dies to
ascend preparatory to a repetition of the operation. The cakes so cut are
removed to the drying room, and fresh rolls operated upon.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS AND APPARATUS FOR TILLING THE SOIL
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Arthur Hopkins and Charles
Culpin at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,.
on the 19th December 1864.
We, JOHN ARTHUR HOPKINS, of Saint Ives, in the County of Huntingdon,
Farmer and Auctioneer, and CHARLES CULPIN, of the same Place, Agricultural
Implement Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS AND APPARATUS FOR TILLING THE SOIL," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention has for its objects the performance of the processes of
ploughing and subsoiling in one operation, which processes of ploughing and
subsoiling have hitherto been performed as separate and distinct operations and
by means of separate and distinct implements. The combining in one and
the same implement a plough of the ordinary construction with an apparatus
for subsoiling herein-after described, and further, the construction of subsoiling
apparatus, so as to be readily adapted and attached to the various kinds of
ploughs already in use and worked in combination therewith.
Our subsoiling apparatus consists of one or more share or shares, points,.
prongs, or tines, secured by bolts or other convenient means to the body or
frame of the plough in such a position as to penetrate the soil in the rear of
the ordinary share, such subsoiling apparatus is adjusted by screws, levers,
or other suitable mechanical arrangement, so as to break up the subsoil to
any required depth below the bottom of the furrow as made by the ordinary
share.

page_text: For adapting our Invention to the various kinds of ploughs already in use,
we fit the said subsoiling apparatus to an adjusting clutoh, which is readily
attached to any plough by screws or other suitable fastenings. The above-
named share or shares, points, prongs, or tines, forming the said subsoiling
apparatus, are applied in different numbers, shapes, sizes, and degrees of
sharpness to suit the various kinds of soil.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WORKING THE COMBS USED IN DOFFING FIBROUS MATERIEL
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Swallow at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th March
1864.
I, JOHN SWALLOW, of Todmorden, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WORKING THE COMBS USED IN DOFFING FIBROUS
MATERIEL," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in a combination of levers which pass the line of
centres twice for one revolution of a crank or its mechanical equivalent. Also
the use of conical joints or bearings when used in connection with doffing
combs.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCINO OR EFFECTING FOG SIGNALS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Richardson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
November 1864.
I, EDWARD RICHARDSON, of Ravensthorpe, Mirfield, in the County of
York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCINO OR EFFECTING FOG
SIGNALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, firstly, in the employment of compressed air to act
upon and sound alarum whistles, or bell whistles, such as are usually sounded
by means of high-pressure steam, whereby loud signals can be given at places
where high-pressure steam cannot be obtained, as compressed air can be
produced to any desirable pressure by means of low-pressure steam, hydraulic,
pneumatic, or manual power applied to suitable pumps for the purpose.
Secondly, in constructing the discharge part of such whistles with a recess
or cavity, into which marbles or balls may be placed to produce the well-
known "chirre," which may be employed as a signal of distress when required
in addition to the ordinary fog signal.
Also, in constructing the edge of the bell part of such whistles of thickness
or breadth greater than heretofore, which may be varied according to the tone
required to be produced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REEPING, FURLING, AND SETTING THE SAILS OF SHIPS AND VESSELS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL. SPECIFICATION left by John Fergus at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th September
.. 1864.
I, JOHN FERGUS, of Whitby, in the County of York, Ship Smith, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REEPING,
FURLING, AND SETTING THE SAILS OF SHIPS AND VESSELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain, improvements in the methods of reefing,
furling, and setting the sails of ships and vessels, by means of which rolling
spars or jack-stays are dispensed with, and the yard itself is caused to roll so
as to reef or furl the sail.
In order to effect this result I propose to apply abaft the yard a strong
metallic tube, having projecting bearings at each end, through which the ex--
tremities of the yard are set; the reefing chains are carried through sheaves
and blocks and pass into the tube, and thence by one or two turns around the
ends of the yard, so that by actuating the reefing chains the yard may be.
rolled in either direction, so as to furl or unfurl the sail; the tube is secured.
to the mast by a parrell, which will admit of the yard rising and falling, as
required. By the use of the tube the reef tackles are secured snugly, and
are free from risk of being entangled or from injuring the yard or other parts
of the rigging. The yard is raised by the reef tackles, which pass through the
tube abaft the yard to which is connected the rolling cleats, and the reef
tackles parbuckle round the yardarm, or rack wheels may be used. The reef
tackles are conveyed through the tube to two sheaves, one at each side of the
mast and one at each tube end. When it is desired to reef the sail, the reef

page_text: tackles hoist the yard to give sail, and by lowering it reef the sail. The chains
are attached to a block on each side of the cap, and from thence take two turns
round each end of the rolling yard, and then through the tube and up to two
clamp blocks, one on each side of the topmast, and form a bight abaft the mast,
to which is attached a block, through which the tackle leads to the deck.
When the rolling yard is on the cap, the lower part of the sail is raised by
hauling on the port through the blocks at the masthead, so that the sail is
fully furled on the yard. When it is required to furl the sail without lowering
the yard, the two chains running through the blocks at the cap are pulled down,
and the tackle abaft is slackened in proportion at the same time, while the
others are hauled, so that the yard is caused to roll round without -descending
to the cap. A wooden roller should be fixed abaft the parrell, in order to
relieve the friction on the mast.. By this Invention I do away with topsail
baulyards and likewise topsail lifts, as the lifts act as both reef tackles and
haulyards, and by lapping on the yard the reef point harlots are left in the sail.
There is no danger of fouling by the reef tackles or haulyards running through
the tube. The brace block is attached to the standard hoop connected with
the tube end.
CERTAIN MACHINERY FOR EXTRACTING THE JUICE OF THE SAPOTA MULLERI, OR BULLET TREE
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stephen William Silver at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
April 1864. A communication from abroad by John Thornborrow
Manifold, of Demerara, British Guiana, Esquire.
I, STEPHEN WILLIAM SILVER, of 4, Bishopsgate Street Within, in the City
of London, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "CERTAIN MACHINERY FOR EXTRACTING THE JUICE OF THE SAPOTA MULLERI, OR
BULLET TREE," to be as follows:-
I arrange two or more rollers so as to be capable of adjustment by screws,
and of being driven at suitable distances from each other, as shewn in the
Drawing hereto annexed. The rollers can be driven at varied speeds by
turning a handle, or any other suitable motive power. The bark of the
sapota mulleri, bully bullet, or baruch tree is then introduced between the
rollers from a table or feeding board placed on one side of the rollers, and
after passing through them is received on another table or discharge board
placed on the other side. The milk, gum, or juice which is contained in this
bark, and commonly called "ballata," is expressed while the bark is passing
between the rollers, and after passing through strainers with holes of different
sizes placed below the rollers, is received into a tank or other suitable
apparatus. The whole may be arranged in a punt or truck so as to be
transferred by land or water from place to place, according to the locality in
which the trees may be situate.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF JUTE AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hermann Loewenthal Kolzewsky,
Richard Hart, and John Fraser Calder at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 24th August 1864.
We, HERMAN LOEWENTIAL. KOLZEWSKY, Doctor of Medicine, RICHARD
HART, Newspaper Editor, and JOHN FRASER CALDER, Writer, all of Dundee,
in the County of Forfar, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF JUTE AND OTHER
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the system or mode of
preparing jute and other fibrous substances previous to the hackling process,
and consists mainly in submitting the substances in the rough state to the
permeating action caused by boiling in a vessel containing a solution of
gelatinous substances. The source from which the gelatinous substance is
generally obtained is refuse auimal matter, consisting of bones, portions of
hide, and other refuse animal matter, but it is intended to employ gelatinous
matter however obtained. This process renders the fibre much stronger and
also makes it much finer than hitherto, at the same time rendering it
capable of being divided into-finer filaments by the process of hackling, and by
its use the injurious and destructive action of the acids in the oils now .in
use for the purpose of lubricating is obviated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ARMING WAR VESSELS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Burchall and Edward
Borrows at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 13th April 1864.
We, JOHN BURCHALL, Merchant, of St. Helen's, Lancashire, and EDWARD
BORROWS, of Sutton, Lancashire, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ARMING WAR VESSELS," to be as
follows, that is to say:-
In applying to such vessels an instrument of attack, which we call a
moveable ram, to distinguish it from the rams ordinarily used, which are
fixtures to or are portions of the vessel. Our ram on the contrary is formed
to thrust forwards like a punch with rapid action, which may be repeated in
a succession of blows, so that if the vessel with this moveable ram be sufficiently
near an enemy's vessel, it will punch holes in it, and so destroy it, or so
bruise it as to render it leaky and unserviceable; and,we put the ram in
motion by the agency of steam or chemical gases, or air or water pressure,
in any of the known modes of applying power, or any convenient combination
thereof, and these rams may be applied above the water line or below it in
any convenient part of the vessel, stuffing boxes being provided when the
rams are below the water line to keep out the water, and the rams may be
of any desirable section, round, square, oval, triangular or polygonal, and flat-
headed, pointed, or cupped.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RACK PULLIES FOR WINDOW BLINDS AND. ANALOGOUS PURPOSES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Joseph Billing and John
Shore at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 25th April 1864.
We, ALFRED JOSEPH BILLING, of Judd Street, Euston Road, in the County
of Middlesex, Brassfounder, and JOHN SHORE, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Brassfounder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RACK PULLIES FOR WINDOW BLINDS AND.
ANALOGOUS PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention of "Improvements in Rack Pullies for Window
Blinds and other analogous Purposes," is to construct these articles in such
a manner that the pulley may with facility be raised or lowered on the rack
when required, either to tighten or slacken the cord. In ordinary rack pullies
the pulley can be drawn down, but the spring click at the back of the pulley
will prevent it from being pushed back again. This is frequently inconvenient,
and to remedy this defect we propose to make the rack separate from its box
or frame, and attach it thereto at one end by a pin or rivet, leaving the other
end free and standing away from the back plate. The rack will also be pro-
vided behind with a spring, which will force it forward. The pulley is
mounted on a block which carries a tooth or stud at its back part; this
tooth or stud takes into the rack, except when the latter is forcibly thrust and
held back, when the pulley can be moved up or down freely without catching

page_text: in the teeth of the rack. When the right position for the pulley is ascertained,
the rack is allowed to come forward, and will then hold it in its place.
As a modification the spring rack may be stamped up out of hard rolled
brass or other metal which will be sufficiently elastic to admit of dispensing
with a separate spring for forcing it forward.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CLEANING TOBACCO PIPES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Howard Prosser at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th April 1864.
I, CHARLES HOWARD PROSSER, of Hawley Square, Margate, in the
County of Kent, Surgeon, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CLEANING TOBACCO PIPES," to be
as follows:-
This Invention is designed for the purpose of cleaning out tobacco pipes,
by means of the vapour of spirits of wine.
The apparatus consists of a closed vessel of tin, or other suitable material,
supported in a shallow open tray or saucer of similar material, in such a
manner that there shall be a space between the bottom of the vessel, and that
of the saucer, and also a space all round the former. The vessel has an
opening at the top closed with a stopper, and a tube or spout at the side, to
the mouth of which the tobacco pipe to be cleansed is secured in any con-
venient manner, so as to form as it were a continuation of the tube, the bowl
of the tobacco pipe being placed (by preference,) downwards, spirits of wine
being introduced into the vessel through the opening, which is then closed
with the stopper, a small portion of spirits of wine or other inflammable spirit
or oil is poured into the open tray or saucer and ignited. The heat thus

page_text: produced will boil the spirit in the vessel, and the vapour escaping through
the spout will pass through the tobacco pipe, and dissolve or liquefy the
tobacco juice or oil therein, which will run out at the bowl, falling therefrom
in large black drops until the pipe is thoroughly cleansed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DISTRIBUTING LIQUID MANURE AND SOWING SEED
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Niels Fredrick Andreasen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
October 1864.
I, NIELS FREDRICK ANDREASEN, of Copenhagen, in the Kingdom of
Denmark, and of Trafalgar Square, Charing Cross, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR DISTRIBUTING LIQUID MANURE AND SOWING SEED," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in apparatus for distributing
liquid manure and sowing seeds, forming a combined apparatus for effecting
both objects.
I propose to construct a cart body of an oblong form supported by four
wheels, the main or larger division in front of the body containing the liquid
manure, and the rear division or compartment containing the seed. The axle
of the main carrying wheels is furnished with a cogged wheel gearing into a
pinion which causes a barrel or roller to revolve, which actuates a valve to
regulate the flow of manure which passes down through a series or row of
hollow coulters, which cut a furrow in the land and supply the same with
liquid manure. The pinion gears in turn with a second toothed wheel
actuating another roller supplied with vanes or wings and working underneath
the seed receptacle so as to take small quantities of seed therefrom and convey
the same down hollow tubes fixed behind the coulters, so that as the apparatus
is drawn across the land the operations of manuring and sowing seed are

page_text: effected simultaneously. The rear wheels of the apparatus may be elevated
or depressed by means of their axle working in slotted bearings, and by pins,
worm wheels, or other attachments regulating and fixing their elevation, the
object being to regulate the depth of cutting by the coulters. The openings
of the seed receptacle are to be regulated by slides so as to limit the quantity
of seed taken away by the roller. The valve of the manure receptacle consists
of a slide working beneath a plate perforated with holes corresponding to the
number of hollow coulters. The shaft or barrel while, rotating, actuates an
excentric and rocking lever, and causes the moveable plate to slide from one
side to the other alternately. In front of the seed tubes and behind the
coulter I apply a shoe of a triangular form which presses in the earth over
the manure ready for the seed to fall. I also employ a revolving barrel or
agitator in the seed receptacle to assist the supply of the seed to the valves
and tubes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROJECTILES FOR ARTILLERY
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Pitts at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd October
1864.
I, WILLIAM PITTS, of 118, Brompton Road, in the County of Middlesex,
Professor of Music, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PROJECTILES FOR ARTILLERY," to be as follows:-
My Invention has reference to projectiles having backs intended to expand
or open, and to close or partly close the windage in the gun, or to take or
receive therefrom the form of its rifling, so as thereby to acquire rotation.
This object has heretofore been sought by constructing them with soft metal
backs, and in other ways, amongst which has been the making the back
hollow or cup-shaped, and making longitudinal cuts through the cylinder or
ring of metal, these cuts being transversely radial from the axis, and
longitudinally parallel thereto, so that the so constituted tail pieces may
spring open or expand when the charge explodes.
My Invention is a specific improvement upon the last-mentioned plan, and
consists in making the cuts transversely tangential to the axis, and longi-
tudinally skew or inclined thereto, so as that in the expansion the cut surfaces
may close, or partly close, or lap against or approach each other. The
exterior of the cup-shaped back may be either circular in transverse section,
or shaped or partly shaped to the form of the rifling. The hollow or cup-
shape of the back may be obtained by the form of the solid mass of the shot,,
or by a belt, ring, or piece fitted or added thereto.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS OR GENERATORS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abraham Henthorn Stott at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
November 1864.
I, ABRAHAM HENTHORN STOTT, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster,
Architect, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS OR GENERATORS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a novel arrangement and construction of apparatus
for generating steam, whereby greater strength and durability is obtained than
hitherto, and a larger extent of heating surface in proportion to the weight
and external dimensions is obtained. The improvements consist in the
peculiar arrangement and combination of a series of alternately inclined pipes
or tubes communicating and joined together by "elbows" or other equivalent
joint, and which are supported and confined above the fire in a furnace, the
flue of which is formed in a serpentine direction between the rows of pipes by
placing the plates or divisions from pipe to pipe, and leaving apertures at the
ends to allow the heat to pass round the end of the pipe into the next cavity
or flue until it passes finally into the main flue; the water is supplied to the
pipes at the commencement of the first or lower series upon which the heat
of the furnace first acts in its serpentine course between the pipes, and the
termination of the last layer or series of pipes is provided with an enlarged
tube, cylinder, or receptacle forming a reserve for the steam generated in
the pipes, and to which an ordinary valve to indicate the pressure may be
attached.
A NEW MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL OR IMITATION FEATHERS AND PLUMES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Phineas Solomon De Pinna, at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th July 1864.
I, PHINEAS SOLOMON DE PINNA, of Fore Street, Cripplegate, in the City
of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL OR IMITATION FEATHERS AND PLUMES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a new manufacture of artificial or imitation
feathers and plumes, which said Invention I propose to carry into effect as
follows:-
I take silk or cotton velvet, or other cut pile fabric, such as plush, and
apply a stiffening of muslin or thin buckram, or other such like stiffening
fabric, at the back thereof, and cause the same to adhere by an adhesive
solution, after which I cut or stamp out the same into the requisite outline for
the artificial plume to be produced. The cutter used for this purpose must be
made with three or more gore cutters on each side, so as to cut out gores or
gusset spaces, the edges of which are then to be brought together and neatly
sewn or attached by an adhesive solution, by which means a concave surface
can be produced on the stiffened side of the fabric and a convex surface on
the outer and exposed side, so necessary to give the appearance of the feather
or plume, after which the article is placed within a matrix or block engraved
or cut according to the desired pattern of plume or feather to be produced,
and a corresponding die is then brought to bear with heavy pressure upon

page_text: the article, whereby a pattern or design is impressed thereon in imitation of
the surface of a plume or feather. The velvet or other material should be
moistened with water prior to its being subjected to pressure. To increase
the efficiency of the process, heat may be applied to the die and matrix.
In manufacturing follets or flats by this Invention the stiffening should, by
preference, be applied after the fabric has been cut or stamped out.
I also propose to apply the Invention to other fabrics than those mentioned,
such as silk, satin, or even cloths and crape.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING OR EMBROIDERING SHIRT FRONTS AND OTHER SUCH LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Kesterton Inman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th October 1864.
I, RICHARD KESTERTON INMAN, of the Firm of Beale and Inman, of New
Bond Street, in the County of Middlesex, Shirt Makers and Hosiers,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ORNAMENTING OR EMBROIDERING SHIRT FRONTS AND OTHER SUCH LIKE ARTICLES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in ornamenting or
embroidering shirt fronts and other such like articles of wearing apparel, such
as chemisettes and stomachers for ladies' wear, and consists in working on the
pleats or folds of the garment an ornamental monogram or device in embroidery,
which may
be surrounded if desired by a scroll or a representation of a garland
of flowers, either in plain thread, silk, or in one or variegated colors, or the
device may consist of a coronet or crest. Thus the wearer may have his or
her initials or other design embroidered on the pleats of the garment in any
style or device, according to the number and character of the initials forming
the monogram.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Southam at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th February
1864.
I, WILLIAM SOUTHAM, of Upper Sydenham, in the County of Kent, Gentle-
man, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN ROTARY STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention of "Improvements in Rotary Steam Engines" relates to the
class of engine in which the steam is allowed to rush into a case, and by
impact on the blades of a wheel mounted therein the wheel will be driven
round, and thereby impart rotary motion to the shaft on which it is mounted.
My Invention consists in mounting two or more such wheels on the shaft, but
enclosed in different cases, and causing the steam after it has acted upon the
blades or floats of one wheel to pass into the adjoining case, and act in a
similar manner on the blades or floats of the next wheel, and so on throughout
the series. The case of the last wheel of the series communicates with a
condenser consisting of a case in which is mounted a rotary fan, whereby cold.
atmospheric air is drawn into the case and mixed with the steam, which will.
be thereby condensed and a vacuum produced in the wheel cases. From the
above explanation it will be understood that the steam at a suitable pressure
will pass from the boiler through all the axes to the condenser, and in its
passage will communicate rotary motion to all the wheels. If preferred, any
ordinary construction of condenser may be employed to produce the requisite
vacuum in the wheel cases.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDS FOR CASTING PIPES, COLUMNS, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Robinson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
November 1864.
I, GEORGE ROBINSON, of Dial Iron Works, Kingswinford, in the County of
Stafford, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDS FOR CASTING PIPES, COLUMNS, AND OTHER ARTICLES,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements, herein-after described, in
moulds for casting, which said improvements are particularly applicable to
moulds for casting cast-iron pipes and columns, but are also applicable to
moulds for casting other articles of which many are required to be cast.
Moulds made according to my Invention may also be used for casting articles
in brass and in other metals.
In making a mould according to my Invention, I construct it in two parts
or halves, but instead of making both halves of the mould of sand according
to the ordinary practice, I make the lower half of iron or of steel, and make
the upper half of sand in the ordinary manner. The lower half of the mould
which is made of iron or steel I make by preference by casting, but the said
lower half of the mould may be made by any of the processes by which iron
and steel may be shaped.
be shaped. By making the lower half of the mould of iron or
steel, the process of casting is much facilitated, especially where large numbers
of articles are to be cast, as the inversion of the lower mould box necessary in
the ordinary method of constructing moulds is avoided.

page_text: In order to reduce still further the labour of lifting and inverting the upper
moulding box, the said upper moulding box may be hinged to the lower iron
or steel half of the mould.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THRASHING MACHINES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Davies at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd- November
1864.
I, SAMUEL DAVIES, of Upper Welson, Eardisley, in the County of Hereford,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THRASHING MACHINES," to be as follows :-
This Invention applies principally to such portable thrashing machines as
screen and deliver the corn in three different. qualities, namely, "best corn,"
"seconds," or "tail corn," and "thirds, and consists in adapting to or combining
with such machine a mill which grinds the "seconds, or tail corn," and
delivers it in the form of flour into a trough or receptacle beneath. At the
rear end of the thrashing machine is a revolving screen, through which the
small or "tail" corn drops into a hopper which conveys it to the mill, the
latter being of any ordinary construction, and bolted or otherwise fixed to
the frame of the thrashing machine. The mill may be driven in any con-
venient manner, but I prefer to drive it by means of a strap passing round a
pulley fixed on one end of the first "blower" shaft. If a greater quantity of
flour than will be thus produced should be required, a portion of the "best
corn" may be fed into the mill with the "seconds. The "thirds" will be
too full of chaff and other impurities to be fit for grinding. The framing of
the mill is so arranged that it may be readily detached from the thrashing
machine when flour is not required, and the "seconds corn" will then be
delivered into a sack as usual.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP
Year: 1864

page_text: PRVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th March 1864.-A communication from abroad by Jean Baptiste
Vasseur and Alexis Mahot, both of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP," a communication to me
from abroad by Jean Baptiste Vasseur and Alexis Mahot, both of Paris, in
the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a new manufacture of soap suitable either for
industrial purposes or for the toilette, and consists in the addition in suitable
proportions, according to the purposes to which the soap is to be applied, of.
mineral oils, such, for example, as the oils of petroleum, naptha, and schist, to-
the fatty and drying oils usually employed in the manufacture of soap, or to
glycerine, where such substance is employed. The admixture of the different
oils may be effected either hot or cold, and a constant stirring be maintained
in order to effectually mix the oils together. The rest of the manufacture is
conducted in the usual manner for making soap. The addition of twenty parts
by weight of mineral oil to one hundred parts by weight of the soap to be
produced gives a good result if the soap so obtained be intended for use in the
ungumming or treatment of silk, as it leaves the silk perfectly free from the
fatty matter which is found in ungummed silk treated with ordinary soap,
whilst the "resinous matter contained in raw silk, and in vegetable textile
substances, and which is insoluble in ordinary soap, is readily dissolved out by

page_text: the soap above referred to, and may be collected in the vats.
Wool washed
by this soap is found to be much softer, and of a generally finer texture than
when treated with ordinary soap. A larger proportion of mineral oil will be
required for the treatment of raw silk and vegetable fibres than for ordinary
silk and wool. By the addition of about five per cent. of mineral oil in the
manufacture of glycerine soap, an excellent toilette soap is obtained, the
mineral oil tending to harden the soap, and admitting of a greater proportion
of glycerine being used than heretofore, without rendering the soap too soft to
be serviceable. A considerable economy both in the first cost and labor is
obtained by the use of the improved mineral oil soaps.
THE PREPARATION OF THE MILE, GUM, OR JUICE OF THE SAPOTA MULIERI, OR BULLET TREE
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stephen William Silver at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
-
April 1864. A communication from abroad by John Thornborrow
Manifold, of Demerara, British Guiana, Esquire..
I, STEPHEN WILLIAM SILVER, of 4, Bishopsgate Street Within, in the City
of London, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "THE PREPARATION OF THE MILE, GUM, OR JUICE OF THE SAPOTA MULIERI, OR
BULLET TREE," to be as follows:-
I mix the said milk, gum, or juice (which is usually called "ballata") with
wood, naphtha, alcohol, rum, or other liquids or substances containing alcohol,
whereby coagulation takes place, and a solid or coagulated mass or compound
is the result. The coagulated mass can be then applied as directed by the
Specification of the Patent granted to Charles Hancock and the said Stephen
William Silver, dated the 12th day of December 1862, No. 3331.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF PURPLE DYE STUFFS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Virgo Wilson and James
Alfred Wanklyn at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 19th November 1864.
We, WILLIAM VIRGO WILSON, Chemical Manufacturer, of Jubilee Street,
Mile End, and JAMES ALFRED WANKLYN, Professor of Chemistry at the London
Institution, Finsbury Circus, Finsbury, London, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF PURPLE DYE
STUFFS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the preparation of purple dye stuffs of
various shades by the action of "nitrate of methyl" on rosaniline." For this
purpose we heat a mixture of about equal weights of nitrate of methyl and
rosaniline and alcohol in a suitable vessel to about 212° Fahrenheit during
several hours.
Before this operation we find it well to add a small quantity of ammonia to
the aforesaid mixture of nitrate of methyl, rosaniline, and alcohol, and by
prolonging the heating, bluer shades of colouring matter are produced.
The dye stuffs prepared by the aforesaid process may be purified and used
in dyeing and printing in the usual manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MAGNETO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Hastings Collette, of No. 57, Lincoln's Inn.
Fields, in the County of Middlesex, Solicitor, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MAGNETO-ELECTRIC MACHINES." - A communication
from abroad by Theodore Faucheux, of No. 10, Avenue Trudane, Paris;,
in the Empire of France.
Sealed the 20th January 1865, and dated the 10th October 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Hastings Collette
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th October 1864.
I, CHARLES HASTINGS COLLETTE, of No. 57, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the
County of Middlesex, Solicitor, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MAGNETO-ELECTRIC MACHINES," to be as
follows:-
The object of my Invention is to render the magneto-electric light, as
produced by known machines, more steady, more continuous, more intense,
and in its production more economical. The more readily to make my appa-
ratus understood, I propose to describe it as applied to the machine known as
Nollet's magneto-electric machine.
My apparatus consists of a box of hard wood, or other suitable substance,

page_text: similar in form to the magneto-electric machine, which I enclose in this box.
I place the box on an iron frame with bearings to support the spindle of the
cylinder of the machine, without interfering with the apparatus for trans-
mitting the rotary motion to the cylinder. The box is lined with woollen felt
or other suitable material being a non-conductor of heat; I make an aperture
at the top and at the bottom of the box; the lower aperture is to introduce
the external air, which is to be heated as herein-after explained; the upper
aperture is to allow the exit of the heated air, and I.make these apertures of
such a size so that the air may operate simultaneously on the whole of the
internal cylinder and of the armatures fixed to the cylinder; I cover these
holes with wire gauze in order to intercept the passage of extraneous matter;
between the cylinder and the lower aperture I place a heating apparatus for
the purpose of heating the air-which-passes through the box. The apparatus
I recommend is a metal tube giving the greatest superficial surface according
to the convenience of the apparatùs. I heat this tube with steam introduced
by a pipe at one end communicating with the steam generator, and at the
other end I have an outlet pipe for the escape of the steam, and a tap to
draw off the 'condensed steam from the tube. By raising the temperature of
the internal air I obtain the objects above stated. The temperature I recom-
mend is about 70 degrees Fahrenheit. The internal temperature may be
ascertained by any convenient method. I prefer to fix a thermometer in the
box, so as to be seen from the exterior through an aperture covered with glass.
I lave described this apparatus as applied to a Nollet machine, but it will
be readily understood that with modifications it can be applied to any other
magneto-electric machines.
In- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED FOR MAKING BRICKS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Clifford Sykes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
July 1864.
I, BENJAMIN CLIFFORD SYKES, of Cleckheaton; in the County of York, M.D.
and Surgeon, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED FOR MAKING BRICKS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the method or means of compressing in moulds
the clay or other material from which bricks are to be made, and which has
heretofore been effected by a complication of heavy and costly mechanism.
My improvements consist in the employment of an inverted steam cylinder,
piston, and piston rod, placed in such position near and over the revolving
table, in which are the moulds and clay from which bricks are to be made,
as that the steam in the cylinder will force the piston and piston rod down
and upon the clay and into the moulds, thus compressing the clay in the said
moulds, the end of the piston rod being provided with a suitable hammer or
die for that purpose. By the use of steam and the apparatus herein-before
mentioned, I am enabled to regulate the force of the blow or pressure to
suit the nature of the various kinds of clay or other material employed for the
purpose of inanufacturing bricks.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VALVE GEARING TO STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Beams at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd February
1864.
I, THOMAS BEAMS, of Chapel Row, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF VALVE GEARING TO STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of forming the reversing gear of a steam engine
by the means of one eccentric motion in the place of two, and it is accom-
plished in the following manner :-I make a link, which is curved internally
to the radius lines which the connecting rod of the slide valve requires on
one side, and in the centre of this link is a bar, and projecting therefrom is a
shaft, which shaft constitutes the oscillating point of the link; when the sliding
block which works within the link is set with the connecting rod at the top
of the link it forms the onward motion, when at the bottom the backward or
reverse motion, but if placed in the centre no action takes place. To the
bottom of the link the eccentric rod is attached by a pin which passes through
a hole, and to this point is the first movement by the eccentric on the crank
shaft given. A lever and connecting bar is also attached to the connecting
rod of the slide valve to a bell crank, thence to the hand lever governing the
engine; this lever has a spring and ratchet for setting the engine at a given
speed backward or forward.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
-
19th December 1864. A communication from abroad by Felix
Alexandre Testud de Beauregard, of Paris, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES," to be as follows:-
The furnaces are arranged as hereafter described in such manner that the
fuel is transformed into inflammable gases to which the requisite amount of
air is supplied necessary for their combustion.
The objects of the arrangements are, 1st, to divide the flame in rings or
sheets to afford a great heating surface; 2nd, to surround this flame in hot
air travelling at the same speed as the flame. Immediately under the boiler
or vessel to be heated and at the top of the furnace I place two metal or
other refractory plates connected, but with a space between them proportioned
to the quantity of air to be consumed. The lower plate is pierced with a
number of holes proportioned to the quantity of heat to be developed. Each
of the holes is supplied with a tube or burner; the flame from the fuel passes.
through these burners. The upper plate is pierced concentrically with the
opening of each burner with a hole five times larger than that opening
through which the air for the burning of the gas passes. The space between

page_text: the plates forms a receiver for the air entering in proportion to the tempe-
rature, and the draught regulated by dampers in the flue. The absorption of
caloric from the radiation and heating of the air prevents the plates becoming
red. The fire-place is at the lower part of the furnace, and under the double
plate or gas apparatus just described. Three openings with doors exist in the
wall of the furnace below that apparatus, the uppermost for supplying the
fuel, the next for the admission of air or steam, and the lowest for the extrac-
tion of scoriæ. The bottom plate on which the fuel rests is made to heat
water in a tank or tube below it. The top of the upper plate should be
concave to form a parabolic mirror, and its surface polished to reflect the
heat. Each burner may be fitted at top with a spiral or platinum ring to
prevent any portion of gas escaping without being burnt. Hollow ribs are
formed on or in the lower plate for the passage through them of air to keep
it cool.
The working of the furnace will be readily understood. When the fire-
place has been charged with fuel, and that lighted, the gases produced
oxygenated by the air or by steam admitted through one of the apertures in
the wall of the furnace issue from the burners, where they come in contact
with air or steam admitted through the apertures in the upper plate, and
complete combustion or as nearly so as may be takes place.
AN IMPROVED ATTACHMENT FOR LAMPS OR GAS BURNERS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th January
1864. A communication from abroad by Warren Fish, of Newark,
New Jersey, in the United States of America.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED ATTACHMENT FOR LAMPS OR GAS BURNERS," a communication to
me from abroad by Warren Fish, of Newark, New Jersey, in the United
States of America, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to lamp attachments for supporting vessels and other
articles over the lamp flame to be heated for cooking and other purposes, and
consists in the combination of a support for sustaining vessels or other articles
to be heated with a standard rod and adjustable clamp, which will admit of
the apparatus being attached to any convenient part of a lamp or gas burner,
and shall when so attached hold the vessel or article in a position immediately
over the flame. The standard rod is in some cases made telescopic, or other-
wise adjustable in length or height.