An Improved Method or Process and Apparatus for Deodorizing Oils and Fats.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Oct., 1893-Accepted, 13th Jan., 1894
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Method or Process and Apparatus for Deodorizing
Oils and Fats.
I, HENRIK JANSEN BULL, of 51, Nygaardegaden, Bergen in the Kingdom of
Norway, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
My invention relates to a method or process and apparatus for deodorizing oils
and fats by means of steam. The invention is based on the fact that true oil or fat
viz., the compound of glycerine or cetylalcohol with fatty acids is not volatilized
when submitted to the action of ordinary steam although all odours pass off with
the steam.
According to my invention I force steam through the oil or fat until it becomes
odourless. In order to prevent the steam condensing in the oil and rendering it.
unclear it is necessary during the passage of the steam to keep the oil at a
rather higher temperature than the boiling point of water under the pressure
employed. If for example I employ atmospheric pressure the oil should be kept at
a temperature of at least 110° C.
The higher the temperature of the steam and the oil and the lower the pressure
of the steam the more rapidly will the odours be removed. As however too high a
temperature would have an injurious effect on the oil, I find it advisable to keep
the oil at a temperature of about 100° and the steam at a pressure of about
40 to 100 m quicksilver.
The process is most advantageously carried on in a closed apparatus under
diminished pressure for example 40 to 100 m/m mercury with the oil or fat kept at
a temperature of 60 to 100° C.
The accompanying drawing represents a section of an apparatus suitable for
carrying out my invention.
In a vessel a I place the oil to be treated and this vessel is heated by steam
which enters through an opening b and passes into a jacket c which surrounds the
still, and out again, in a nearly condensed condition through an opening d. Through
a tube e steam enters the vessel a the said tube being formed into a coil in the
bottom of the vessel and provided with perforations through which the steam can
be forced into and through the oil. is a tube, in connection with a condenser
and the latter communicates with a receiver h from which a tube i leads to an
air pump serving to exhaust the air from the receiver and the whole apparatus.
When the oil in the vessel a has become sufficiently heated by the steam passing.
through the jacket c and the air has been pumped out of the apparatus by the air
pump, steam is let in through the tube e and is blown through the oil and the tube f
to the condenser g where the steam mixed with the odours is condensed and passes
down into the receiver h.
The arrows on the drawing indicate the course of the steam, water and air
through the different parts of the apparatus which will be plainly understood
without any further description. The hereinbefore described apparatus can be
simplified by placing a suitable pump in direct connection with the vessel a whereby
the condenser as well as the receiver and the air pump with the tubes belonging thereto
can be dispensed with. My improved process can for example be used with
advantage for treating bottlenose-oil, whale-oil, seal-oil, oil of Greenland-shark,
herring-oil, cod-liver-oil, oil of coal-fish and tallow.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The improved method of deodorizing oils and fats consisting in forcing
ordinary steam through the mass of oil or fat, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
2. In the process of deodorizing oils and fats claimed in Claim 1 maintaining the
oil or fat at a higher temperature than the steam which is employed at the lowest
possible pressure, substantially as hereinbefore described.
3. In the process of deodorizing oils and fats claimed in Claim 1 operating under
diminished pressure of air for example from 40 to 100 /m mercury while the oil
is kept at a temperature of from 60 to 100° C.
4. The use for deodorizing oils and fats of an apparatus, consisting of a vessel
provided with a heating jacket into which steam is introduced, the said vessel
being in connection with a condenser communicating with a receiver from which a
tube leads to a pump serving to exhaust the air from the whole apparatus, substan-
tially as herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying drawing.
5. The modified arrangement of the apparatus for deodorizing oils and fats
claimed in Claim 4 in which the condenser g, receiver h, and air pump are dispensed
with, only a force pump being used in direct connection with the vessel a, substan-
tially as described.
DOLL
Ontahan 1802
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant..