matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN FINISHING MOREENS' AND CORDED FABRICS
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Milne Smith, Charles Telford Smith, and William
Binns, of the Firm of Samuel Smith and Company, of Bradford, in the County
of York, Dyers and Finishers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FINISHING MOREENS' AND CORDED FABRICS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Milne Smith, Charles
Telford Smith, and William Binus at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents on the 16th March 1877.
SAMUEL MILNE SMITH, CHARLES TELFORD SMITH, and WILLLAM BINNS, of the
Firm of Samuel Smith and Company, of Bradford, in the County of York,
Dyers and Finishers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FINISHING 'MOREENS' AND CORDED
FABRICS."
This Invention relates to a method of finishing corded fabrics in such manner that
a definite pattern or design may be produced on the watered surface, in addition to
the ordinary or indefinite watered pattern always produced, by pressure upon two
corded fabrics placed face to face.
Our improvements consist in having a raised pattern woven upon one piece and
pressing the woven pattern piece and an ordinary plain piece together face to face,
in the usual manner, the result being that both of the pieces bear a distinct and
similar impression of the pattern in addition to the ordinary watered impression.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Samuel Milne Smith, Charles Telford Smith, and William Binns in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 15th September 1877.
SAMUEL MILNE SMITH, CHARLES TELFORD SMITH, and WILLIAM BINNS, of the
0 Firm of Samuel Smith and Company, of Bradford, in the County of York,
Dyers and Finishers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FINISHING MOREENS' AND CORDED
FABRICS."

page_text: This Invention relates to a method of finishing corded fabrics in such manner that
a definite pattern or design may be produced on the watered surface, in addition to
the ordinary or indefinite watered pattern always produced, by pressure upon two
corded fabrics placed face to face.
Our improvements consist in having a raised pattern woven upon one piece and
pressing the woven piece and an ordinary plain piece together, face to face in the
usual manner, the result being that both of the pieces bear a distinct and similar
impression of the pattern in addition to the ordinary watered impression.
Having now described the nature and particulars of this our Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be put into practice, we would have it understood
that what we consider to be new, and therefore claim as our Invention, is the employ-
ment in the process of finishing fabrics of two pieces, one being plain and the other
having a raised woven patern, as and for the purpose herein described.
In witness whereof, J, the said Samuel Milne Smith, for and on behalf of my-
self and the said Charles Telford Smith and William Binns, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Abbott, Elijah Knowles,
and Thomas Knowles at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
30th April 1877.
THOMAS ABBOTT, ELIJAH KNOWLES, and THOMAS KNOWLES, all of Blackburn, in
the County of Lancaster, Cotton Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING."
a
"
The object of this Invention is to utilize the momentum of the swords and slay
going part" of the loom so as to secure a quicker and more efficient appli-
cation of the brake, when, from absence of weft or other cause, the loom is to be
brought to rest.
According to this our Invention we attach to the arm of the slay sword a pro-
jecting finger; to the break lever is secured a bow spring or check piece, under which,
as the sword arm moves to and fro, the projecting finger works. When from absence
of weft or other cause the loom is "knocked off," and the brake lever fails, the
spring or check piece thereon is brought into the line of motion of the projecting
finger (attached to the sword arm), and the latter thus bears upon the spring or
check piece, thus adding to the ordinary brake power the face of momentum of the
slay, and the motion of the lever is arrested more quickly, and "slack or imper-
fections in the piece or cloth being woven is avoided.
"
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROCK' DRILLS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wynn Kenrick at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th January 1877. A communi-
cation from abroad by William Weaver, of Phoenixville, in the State of
Pennsylvania, United States of America.
WILLIAM WYNN KENRICK, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, and of
Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROCK' DRILLS." A
communication from abroad by William Weaver, of Phoenixville, in the State of
Pernsylvania, United States of America.
This Invention relates to a novel construction of rock. drill and to a method of
operating the same.
The rock drill consists in forming the drill end or bit in the form of a double
gouge or V. The drill is mounted on a frame having a frictional clamp, which is
combined with a ratchet nut which holds the drill as it is raised and turned. The
nut in descending strikes a stop and allows the drill to be fed forward. The revolu-
tion of the drill is regulated by an adjustable finger which is secured to the driving
The cam has a removable projection or catch arranged so as to engage with
the ratchet and turn the drill rod. The cam is operated by a suitable wheel and
handle, or other like mechanical arrangement. Attached to the frame is a reservoir
provided with a suitable tap for lubricating the drill.
cam.
The advantages of this Invention are, the double gouge bit is greatly superior to
the single gouge bit, inasmuch as it will drill twice the depth without dressing. It
is less liable to break; it always bores straight, smooth, round holes; it is less liable
to stick, and will drill jointy rocks where a single bit will not.
In consequence of the peculiar shape of this novel bit it will drill holes from one
to ten feet in depth without requiring any change of bits.
The machine is self-feeding and self-cleansing and can be worked either by hand
or steam.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR MEASURING AND ROLLING UP CLOTHS OR FABRICS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Avison at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd August 1877.
HENRY AVISON, of Crosland Moor, near Huddersfield, in the County of York.
'AN IMPROVED MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR MEASURING AND ROLLING UP CLOTHS
OR FABRICS."
This Invention relates to an improved machine or apparatus to be used in
measuring and rolling up cloth and other textile fabrics.
The machine or apparatus is constructed with a suitable frame carrying two
measuring cylinders which each measure one yard at each revolution, the one
measuring 36 inches and the other 37 inches to the yard, to meet the requirements
of wholesale houses, the difference being allowed for leakage in cutting or retail
purposes, and is generally invoiced thus, 37 yards as 36. The cylinders carry dials
(outside the frame) of about their own diameter, and on which the length of each
piece is indicated by fingers.
The frame also carries various tightening rollers, by which the fabric is kept taut,
and is guided in such a way as to nearly encircle the measuring cylinders to prevent
any slipping, and ensure accuracy of measurement.
The frame also carries a large cylinder, partly round which the fabric passes from
the second measuring cylinder to the board or stick on which it is to be wound
ready for packing, storage, or otherwise. This board or stick is carried by two
parallel arms which are pivotted on a traverse shaft carried by the frame and to
which rotary motion is imparted by any suitable means. These arms guide the
cloth and allow the board to rise and fall on the cylinder, but in some cases the arms
may be stationary. The board or stick is rotated by a band from the transverse
shaft.
The improved apparatus will be of great advantage to manufacturers, finishers,
shippers, drapers, and others, as it can be relied upon for uniformity and accuracy,
in measuring and rolling up, and will effect a great saving in labor, time, and space,
as it can be worked by hand, steam, or other suitable motive power, and one, two
or three persons can be employed on it as required.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SEVERING AND HOLDING THE ENDS OF WIRE BINDINGS OR FASTENINGS, ESPECIALLY FOR SEVERING AND HOLDING THE WIRES OF WIRE-BOUND GRAIN SHEAVES
Year: 1877

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William McIntyre Cranston at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th August 1877. (A commu-
nication from abroad by Samuel Gustavus Mason, of Vicksburg, Michigan,
United States of America).
WILLIAM M'INTYRE CRANSTON, of Worship Street, in the County of Middlesex.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SEVERING AND HOLDING THE ENDS OF WIRE
BINDINGS OR FASTENINGS, ESPECIALLY FOR SEVERING AND HOLDING THE WIRES
OF WIRE-BOUND GRAIN SHEAVES." (A. communication from abroad by Samuel
Gustavus Mason, of Vicksburg, Michigan, United States of America).
This Invention relates to improved apparatus for severing and holding the ends
of wire bindings or fastenings, especially for severing and holding the wires of
wire-bound grain sheaves, and consists essentially of scissor or shear-like apparatus
with blades or jaws having the points spread outwards to facilitate one or other of
them being passed under a wire binding; the two jaws are then caused to approach
each other by a closing action of the handles, whereby the wire becomes cut or
severed by the shear-like cutting edges formed on one part of the jaws; one of the
free ends of the severed wire being let go, the other end is at the same time taken
hold of by another part of the same jaws, and is held by them to enable the binding
wire to be withdrawn or otherwise removed from the article thereby.
The novelty of the Invention is a pair of jaws, one portion having cutting edges _
for severing the wire, and another portion of plain form to hold one end of the
severed wire, the other end being free.
In severing the wire bindings of wheat and other grain sheaves prior to being fed
into a threshing machine, the apparatus is held jaws downwards, so that the jaws,
which are now open by the action of a spring, can be thrust over the wire; the
handles are then closed by hand pressure, whereby the jaws close upon the wire,
which becomes cut like as by shears, one end being free, and the other held by the
plain part of the jaws, by which the wire can be drawn away from the sheaf, as

page_text: before explained. In using an apparatus for this purpose one of the handles is
looped to serve as a guard for the protection of the fingers and knuckles of the
user. -
3
The wire-holding portions may be in piece with the cutting blades or jaws, or
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hall at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 12th January 1877.
JOHN HALL, of the Leighton Street Mill, Preston, in the County of Lancaster,
Manufacturer. CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
"
My Invention relates to the letting off motion of looms.
My improved letting off motion consists of two cast iron discs with notches, one
fixed at each end of the warp beam; on each disc rests the end of a rod connected
below to a weighted lever of the usual construction. As the warp beam is gradually
turned round by the drawing off of the warp the ends of the rods resting on the
discs drop alternately into the notches on their circumferences.
AN IMPROVED HORSE-SHOE
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Charles Elliot at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th January 1877.
JOHN CHARLES ELLIOT, of Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex. "AN IMPROVED
HORSE-SHOE."
This Invention which relates to an improved horse-shoe is designed for the
purpose of enabling horses to obtain a firmer foothold on hard slippery asphalted or
ordinary roadways, whereby they can the more effectually and safely exert their
power whether in drawing vehicles or as draught horses generally, or in riding,
racing, or hunting, or in "polo," and by which "roughening" or the provision of
roughened nails or toe and heel pieces in frosty weather is rendered unnecessary,
and by which latter means the objects of this Invention have hitherto been sought
to be attained.
These very desirable objects I obtain by forming the under side of the web or foot
plate of the shoe with a continuous rim or flange projecting downwardly from the
web centrally of its width, and from end to end thereof. This rim is cast, rolled, or
otherwise formed in or on the shoe in the form of rather an acute angle, the base
or widest part springing from the web of the shoe and the apex forming the
treading surface of the shoe. This construction allows of the rim being re-sharpened
with a file or otherwise when worn, and cross dents, notches, or serrations may be
made therein when required in frosty weather to give additional holding power
without necessitating the removal of the shoes from the horse's feet or the use of any
extra pieces.
In the smaller sizes the usual nail holes are made in the foot plate outside the
continuous rim; but in the larger sizes they may be punched or made through both
the foot plate and the rim.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO COMPRESSED AIR ENGINES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Dodd and George Ashworth
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th July 1877.
JOHN DODD and GEORGE ASHWORTH, both of Waterfoot, in the County of Lan-
caster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO COMPRESSED AIR ENGINES."
Our Invention relates to engines to be worked by compressed air, and consists in
the novel construction of various parts of the mechanism as herein-after described.
The said engines are provided with a reservoir containing compressed air, which is
supplied to the engine, and after use therein is returned to the said reservoir. And
it is an important feature of our Invention that the air is used cold to prevent
expansion. We provide a vessel or receptacle provided with means for supplying it
with compressed air and strong enough to hold the same under the required
pressure.
According to this Invention we construct an engine with a strong foundation or
bed plate, in which is firmly fixed a cylinder fitted with a piston in the usual or
any convenient manner. The piston rod is provided with suitable guides, and by a
connecting rod imparts rotary motion to a crank on whose shaft may be mounted a
fly wheel.
The compressed air is conducted from the said reservoir to the engine by a pipe,
and is distributed in the cylinder thereof by an ordinary slide valve;. another pipe
extends from the said cylinder to a valve box or chest, which is fitted with two
slide valves that receive a reciprocating movement from a cam on the crank shaft,
thereby controlling the passage of the air and sending it alternately through two
pipes which extend from the said valve box to the receiver. This cam is so formed
that the said valves remain stationary for one half of the engine's stroke, and are
moved by the said cam throughout the remainder of the stroke.
The said receiver has a pair of cylinders secured within the compressed air reser-
voir or holder, and fitted with trunks which are moved to and fro by cranks or
excentrics arranged to balance each other on the said crank shaft. These trunk
cylinders have valves at their inner ends. As this receiver trunk is moved out-
ward, a valve at its rear or inner end opens, and the air is left behind it.

page_text: The air from the said valve box is admitted alternately into these trunks in equal
volumes, and each of the said trunks moves forward or outward, the valve of the
inner end of its cylinder opens, and the air in the trunk is left behind in the air
reservoir. The said reservoir is provided with a safety valve and pressure gauge,
and other necessary fittings.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SODA AND POTASH
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Stirling Newall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st November 1877.
FREDERICK STIRLING NEWALL, of Washington Chemical Works, in the County of
Durham. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SODA AND POTASH."
The nature of my Invention is to economise materials, plant, labour, and time in
the manufacture of soda and potash, and comprises improvements in Leblanc's
process.
In the process of making ball soda, as at present practised, a revolving furnace
is generally used; into this is put a charge of cold carbonate of lime and coal,
which is heated for about an hour, after which a charge of sulphate of soda and
inore coal is added, and the mixing process is continued by rotating the furnace
until the decomposition is completed, which occupies another hour or more, when
the charge is removed, as is well understood.
My Invention consists in heating the carbonate of lime before putting it into the
furnace, but not to such an extent as to produce caustic lime. I then charge the
furnace with about 45 parts of the hot carbonate of lime, 37 parts of sulphate of
soda, and 18 parts of carbon; and at one operation I work off the charge, which
occupies about one-half of the time at present required.
My Invention is also applicable to the manufacture of potash by substituting
potash for soda.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INSTRUMENT AND APPARATUS KNOWN AS THE TELEPHONE
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas William Mann at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st September 1877. A communi-
cation from abroad by James Alfred Briggs, Asst. Supert. of Govt. Telegraphs,
Coconada, E.L
THOMAS WILLIAM MANN, of 126, Leadenhall Street, City, Clerk to Messrs.
Maynard, Harris, & Co., East India Agents. "IMPROVEMENTS IN INSTRUMENT AND
APPARATUS KNOWN AS THE TELEPHONE." [A communication from abroad by
James Alfred Briggs, Asst. Supert. of Govt. Telegraphs, Coconada, E.I.]
The apparatus consists of a reverberatory or sounding arrangement fixed at each
end of a conductor.
The sounding arrangement I prefer to employ is a tense or stretched membrane of
some thin organic material stretched on a sounding board or drum.
The conductor I employ by preference is a galvanized wire of soft or homogeneous
iron, but I claim the liberty of using conductors of any substance, and I further
claim as my special Invention the fluid or liquid form of conductor, as, per example,
the use of a tube filled with water.
I further claim as my special and peculiar Invention the use of materials in a
tense stretched or strained condition, used as intermediate supports for the conductor
aforesaid, whether in the form of membrane strings or in any other form whereby
the sonorous vibrations traversing the conductor are not injuriously effected or
damped.
I claim the liberty of attaching the ends of the conductor to the sounding arrange-
ment at each end in any and every manner, but I specially claim as my sole and
peculiar Invention that mode of attaching the end of the conductor to the reverbe-
ratory arrangement, so that only a portion of the strain of the conductor is
brought on to the membrane, the other portion of the strain being borne by the
rigid part of the drum or sounding board or by other membranes.
With the liquid or fluid form of conductor I claim to use as my own peculiar
Invention an arrangement similar to the construction of the internal ear, for
attaching the conductor to vibrating or reverberatory arrangement; the end of the
D

page_text: tube, whether expanded after the manner of a trumpet or not, is closed by collodion
or some membranous material not affected by water; to the centre of this membrane
a short rigid strut or pillar is attached, to the other end of which is attached
to the centre of the meinbrane in the ordinary form of reverberatory or sounding
arrangement.
Year: 1877

page_text: then it is allowed to cool. The proof is removed from the celluloid ready to be
finished by trimming and polishing.
By this process all kinds of reproductions may be produced in relief; and by
this Invention all imitations capable of being produced by the celluloid may be
obtained, such as coral, ivory, wood, horn, and the like..
The above-described improvements are to be known as "photo-celluloid."
AN IMPROVED INK BOTTLE
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Patrick William Ferguson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th April 1877.
PATRICK WILLIAM FERGUSON, of Leith, in the County of Mid Lothian, North
Britain. "AN IMPROVED INK BOTTLE."
This Invention, which relates to an improved ink bottle, has for its object the
construction of the bottle in such a manner as to enable two, four, or more persons
to take ink therefrom without the danger of their pens being brought into contact
with and so obstruct each other. It also promotes cleanliness, by lessening the
probabilities of smudging resulting from a too copious supply of ink to the pen.
It consists in constructing the ink bottle with two, four, or more tubes as desired,
arranged at the same level around the exterior, communicating with the interior,
and projecting upward at a convenient slope or angle for dipping. To the upper
sides of the said tubes are fitted covers or shields for the purpose of preventing dust
from entering the tube mouths, and the diameter of each tube may be such as to
permit of the insertion of the pen to the extent only which suffices for a supply of
ink to the nib or pen proper, whereby soiling the fingers and smudging and blotting
are obviated. Guards or obstructions are provided in the interior to reduce the
swaying motion of the ink when moving the bottle.
The arrangement of the supply tubes around the bottle enables as many persons
as there are tubes to supply their pens with ink at the same time without danger
of contact, and renders the bottle especially suitable for the counters of banks and
other large places of business..
MENTS IN AIR COMPRESSERS ADAPTED FOR REGULATING AND CONTROLLING THE ACTION OF SLIDE AND OTHER VALVES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Christopher Leaver at the Office
of the Commissioners, of Patents on the 10th May 1877.
>
JOSEPH CHRISTOPHER LEAVER, of Queen Victoria Street, Gentleman.
"IMPROVE-
MENTS IN AIR COMPRESSERS ADAPTED FOR REGULATING AND CONTROLLING THE
ACTION OF SLIDE AND OTHER VALVES."
This Invention has for its object to relieve, if not entirely prevent, the
destructive percussive action of clack and other similar valves employed in steam
engines, hydraulic and pneumatic machinery, and other similar motors, where from
the rapidity of action of the valves it becomes a desideratum to reduce such per-
cussion to the minimum.
To carry out my Invention I proceed as follows:-To the engine or machine
requiring such regulation I fit in any suitable manner an instantaneous automatic
valve or valves, in conjunction with an air compresser, and so arranged that the
valve acts not only with the greatest rapidity, but with the utmost precision at the
exact period of time when it is required.
Outside the engine or machine, and in any convenient position, I fit one or more
rod or rods actuated by eccentrics, or other equivalent mechanical means. These
rods press upon and thus act on a spring or springs, which actuate the slide of the
valve, but such sliding motion is retarded or prolonged to any convenient degree by
means of suitable stops or nipples, which are controlled automatically either by the
pressure or exhaust of steam, or by the tension of air, or by hydraulic force, accord-
ing to the nature of the engine or machine to which my Invention is applied. By
this means the pressure, or tension of the motive force releases the valve at the
precise instant required, and the valve when thus released is automatically moved
by the spring or springs before referred to..
The effect of my improved arrangement is, that whilst the valves are exactly and
effectually controlled by the action of the aqueous vapour or other fluid body
contained within the engine or machine, the valves themselves are not actuated

page_text: by such pressure, but by the mechanical arrangement of suitable rods and springs
herein-before referred to, and thus the destructive influence of percussive action on
the valves is avoided.
My improved arrangement is more particularly applicable to mining engines and
other similar machinery..
IMPROVEMENTS IN BEARINGS FOR VERTICAL SPINDLES OR SHAFTS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Rattray Malcolm at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th May 1877.
DAVID RATTRAY MALCOLM, of Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North Britain.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BEARINGS FOR VERTICAL SPINDLES OR SHAFTS."
This Invention, which relates to improvements in bearings for vertical spindles or
shafts, has for its object to prevent waste of oil and to ensure vertical spindles or
shafts being more effectually lubricated than hitherto.
The Invention consists in the first place in forming the lower part of the bearings
with one, two, or more grooves or concentric recesses therein, for the purpose of
holding in the oil or preventing its escape from the bottom of the bearing. From
the upper part of the bearing, or that part whereinto the oil is fed, a passage is cut
down through the solid metal so that the oil can pass at once into the lower part of
the bearing; or the passage through the solid metal may be dispensed with, in
which case the oil finds its way down between the shaft or spindle and the
bearings.
The foregoing improvements may be used separately, or they may be used in
connexion with bearings whose upper surface is formed into a concentric concavity,
as at present used in the spindles for spinning or twisting yarns, or in combination
with a revolving upper ring or cap.
Another improvement constituting part of the present Invention is to form one
or more spiral grooves at the interior of the bearing ascending from the lower end
of the descending passage. These centrifugal action of the spindle causes the oil to
ascend the spiral groove or grooves to the cup or recess in the upper part of the
bearing, and thereby the spindle or shaft is effectually lubricated; thus a complete
circulation of the oil in the bearing is maintained.
The spiral groove or grooves may also be used in bearings for vertical shafts or
spindles wherein the other improvements herein-before mentioned are not used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THRESHING MACHINES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Park and William Taylor at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st March 1877.
JAMES PARK and WILLIAM TAYLOR, both of Errol, in the County of Perth, North
Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THRESHING MACHINES."
This Invention, which relates to improvements in threshing machines, consists of
an improved feeding roller or drum, to be used in substitution of the fluted rollers
or drums hitherto employed for feeding the straw to the beaters of threshing
machines.
The improved feeding roller or drum constituting the present Invention consists
of a horizontal cylinder, arranged so as to rotate in bearings. These bearings are
fitted into vertical slides, so that the feeding roller or drum may rise and fall
according to the thickness of the sheaf being fed, the shaft of the feeding drum or
roller being coupled by a moveable joint to the shaft of the driving pulley or cone,
thus allowing the rising and falling motion to freely take place.
The surface of the cylindrical roller or drum is provided with a large number of
curved spikes, the curvature being such that whilst the spikes effectively carry the
sheaf forwards they on receding from the straw leave it freely, that is to say, do not
drag the straw backwards or wind it upon the feeding roller.
The improved feeding roller may be used in conjunction with fixed, moving, or
travelling boards or tables.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF GLAZING' OR FIXING SHEETS OF GLASS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas William Helliwell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th June 1877.
THOMAS WILLIAM HELLIWELL, of Brighouse, in the County of York, Architect.
"A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF GLAZING' OR FIXING SHEETS OF GLASS."
'
My Invention relates, firstly, to a method of fixing sheets or panes of glass when
the same are to serve as the roof, sides, or ends of a building, such as a conservatory,
shed, greenhouse, or other structure.
In the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, Figs. 1 and 2 illustrate this part of my
Invention.
A are the sheets of glass, which are supported by the longitudinal ribs B, com-
posed of either wood or metal. The upper edge of the glass is placed in a groove
cut in the rib, and the lower edge rests on the next lower rib, overlapping the same,
so that when the roof is completed the ribs are not exposed.
The glass is prevented from slipping by clips, brackets, or lugs b fixed to the
"rib" on which the lower edge of the glass rests. Each rib is provided with
troughs a to catch water which beats under the sheets of glass, or condensed vapour
which may trickle down on the under side.
Instead of shaping the panes of glass so that the sides are perpendicular to the
ridge of the roof, I form them as shewn in Fig. 2, which admits of water under-
neath or between the overlapping edges escaping more quickly.
My Invention relates, secondly, to ordinary window sashes. The glass in these
cases fits into grooves formed in the sides of the frame, being either passed through
a slit in the top side of the frame, as shewn in Fig. 3, or the frame may be made
in separate pieces and put together after inserting the glass.
The lower edge of the frame is shewn in Fig. 4, the sloped side c being the side
exposed to the rain when fixed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TAPS, COCKS, OR VALVES, THE SAME BEING IN PART APPLICABLE TO WATER GAUGES AND ANALOGOUS APPARATUS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wemyss Kennedy at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th April 1877.
WILLIAM WEMYSS KENNEDY, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TAPS, COCKS, OR VALVES, THE SAME BEING IN PART
APPLICABLE TO WATER GAUGES AND ANALOGOUS APPARATUS."
This Invention, which relates to certain improvements in the construction of taps,
cocks, or valves, is also applicable to water gauges and analogous apparatus.
One part of the improvements consist in so constructing the apparatus that it is
self closing. This is effected by surrounding the stem of the tap, cock, or valve,
with a strong spiral spring, which forces the moveable member of the tap, cock, or
valve on to its seat, and thereby closes it. On the outer part of the casing of the
tap, cock, or valve, a pair of curved and reversed inclined planes are situated, and
projections on the valve spindle, preferably carrying antifriction rollers, run up
these inclined planes when the stem is turned round for the purpose of opening the
tap, cock, or valve. This has the effect of compressing the spiral spring and keeping
it in readiness to shut the tap, cock, or valve.
Another part of the Invention consists in the application of the improved tap,
cock, or valve herein-before described, for the purpose of opening or closing the
comunication between the gauge glass tube and the water or steam spaces of
boilers.
To render this application the more effective the sockets which hold the glass
tube are formed with an annular passage in which the valve seat is placed, so that
by shutting the cock or valve into this seat the water and steam may at any
moment be instantly shut off, and the cap of the gauge screwed off for the purpose
of replacing a broken gauge, tube, or for other purposes. In this case, too, the
cocks or valves may be opened and shut by means of a screw or the equivalent
thereof in lieu of a spring.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THREAD HOLDERS AND TENSION APPLIANCES FOR SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Carlile, of Paisley, in the County of Renfrew,
North Britain, Cotton Thread Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THREAD HOLDERS AND TENSION APPLIANCES FOR SEWING MACHINES."
Sealed the 18th
April 1878, and dated the 24th October 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Carlile at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th October 1877.
WILLIAM CARLILE, of Paisley, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain, Cotton
Thread Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THREAD HOLDERS AND TENSION
APPLIANCES FOR SEWING MACHINES."
This Invention has principally for its object to arrange thread holders and tension
appliances so as to admit of the convenient and satisfactory use in sewing machines
of large bobbins of thread, such, for example, as the bobbins on which sewing
thread is usually wound immediately on being polished or finished in the course of
its manufacture. The improved arrangements can also be used with bobbins of
various sizes.
In carrying out the Invention a metal spindle is employed, and is set, by pre-
ference, in a vertical position, or it may be more or less inclined, and a footstep
and a collar bearing are provided for it either on the sewing machine itself or on a
bracket which can be attached to the sewing machine. Above the collar bearing
the spindle has on it a disc or flange on which the bobbin rests, the spindle con-
Price 271
3

page_text: tinuing above the disc and entering the eye of the bobbin, which eye may be quite
rough as the bobbin does not turn on the spindle but with it.
The necessary tension is given by applying friction to the part of the spindle
between the footstep and collar bearings, a screw being used for adjusting the
frictional pressure of one or more pieces of metal or other suitable material upon the
spindle or upon a small collar on the spindle.
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPLIANCES FOR CONTROLLING OR CHECKING " RUNAWAY HORSES."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ferdinand Desiré Lebeau at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st April 1877.
FERDINAND DESIRÉ LEBEAU, of Place Hoche, No. 9, at Versailles, in the Republic
of France. IMPROVED MEANS OR APPLIANCES FOR CONTROLLING OR CHECKING
"
RUNAWAY HORSES."
According to the present Invention a cord or strap is passed partly round the
neck of the horse immediately beneath the head, the ends being passed through
eyes or rings on the head harness, and then attached to a cord or strap, passing
along the back of the horse to the carriage, where it may be connected either
to a hand lever or to the circumference of a small drum that can be rotated by a
handle.
By this arrangement when the horse takes fright, or becomes restive, the lever
being pulled, or the drum rotated, the cord or strap round the neck of the horse
will be tightened, so as to exert a pressure upon the wind pipe of the horse, which
will thus be effectually controlled or checked. Such compression of the wind pipe
may be only very slight, or may be very considerable, as occasion may require.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR INSERTING AND SECURING PAPER FASTENERS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bristow Hunt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th November 1877. (A communication
from abroad by Henry Renno Heyl, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United
States.)
BRISTOW HUNT, of Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR INSERTING AND
SECURING PAPER FASTENERS." (A communication from abroad by Henry Renno
Heyl, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.)
This Invention relates to improvements in devices or hand stamps, by which
metallic staples may be forced through sheets of paper documents, and secured by
clinching the legs on the reverse side.
The apparatus is constructed with a stationary anvil, which is secured to or
formed with an arm rising from a suitable stand of convenient form for use upon a
writing desk, and having fitted to it a sliding guide block having grooves which
match with the tongue of the anvil, the upper face of the block being flat. The
normal position of the guide is elevated; and in order to keep it in this position or
from dropping prematurely a spring is employed, which may press up under the
guide or against it and thus produce the necessary friction. Through the arm
works & reciprocating driver having a flat under face with a concave recess, and
having on its top a knob for receiving the blows of the hand, and provided with a
spring for causing the return or elevation of the driver.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows:-A staple paper fastener is placed
within the grooves with its crown resting on the anvil, the points thus being
upward. The papers to be united are now placed upon the face of the guide over
the staple points, and, by a sharp blow of the hand upon the knob the driver is
forced downward upon the paper. The guide gives way and the staple legs come
up through the papers into the recess where they are bent over preparatory to the
final clenching. The hand is now released from the knob of the driver, the latter
then rising, and the papers are drawn somewhat forward until the staple crown
rests upon the face of the guide, when another blow is imparted to the driver, and

page_text: the flat portion of its face descends forcibly on the staple legs, so as to bend the
latter close to the paper, thus completing the operation.
The grooves serve to support and guide the staple legs during their penetration
through the papers, and the recess is so shaped that as the staple legs enter thereinto
they will strike the concave or slanting walls of said recess, and thus be bent
inward toward each other sufficiently to insure their being bent down properly
when again struck between the faces of the guide and driver.
A plate may be advantageously employed to overlap the staple crown for
preventing the latter from binding while the legs are being forced through the
papers.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF FINISHING FELTED FABRICS FOR IMITATING WOVEN CARPETS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Lister at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th January 1877,
HENRY LISTER, of Ashbrow Mills, near Huddersfield, in the County of York.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF FINISHING FELTED FABRICS FOR IMITATING
WOVEN CARPETS."
The object of this Invention is to imitate the appearance of a woven carpet upon
the surface of a felted fabric, and I effect this by embossing. The embossing process is
carried out by using "webs" or woven fabrics composed of cotton cord, the felted
fabric and web being placed together and wound upon perforated rollers and
steamed. After cooling the fabrics are unwound, and the pattern of the "web" is
permanently embossed on the felted fabric.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CLEANSING AND HULLING GRAIN OR SEED
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd April 1877. A. com-
munication from Carl Friedrich Heinrich Ludwig Fehrmann, of Potsdam, in
the German Empire.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W. von
Nawrocki, Civil Engineers and Patent Agents, of No. 2, Koch Strasse, Berlin, in the
German Empire. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CLEANSING AND HULLING
GRAIN OR SEED." A communication from Carl Friedrich Heinrich Ludwig Fehr-
mann, of Potsdam, in the German Empire.
According to the present Invention a hollow cylinder or drum, supported with its
ends in an upright position on rollers carried by a framing, has excentrically within
it a second cylinder or drum of considerably smaller diameter, such inner drum
being supported by a shaft passing through stationary shields that close the two
sides of the outer drum and carried in bearings formed excentrically in circular
moveable discs in circular holes in the framing, so that by turning such discs the
bearings of the shaft will be raised or lowered, and thus the distance of the inner
drum from the inner surface of the outer drum be regulated. The inner surface of
the outer drum and the outer surface of the inner drum are formed with corruga-
tions or grooves parallel with their axes.
Rotary motion being imparted to the outer drum by means of a toothed ring on
its periphery, and the grain or seed to be cleansed or hulled being introduced
through an opening in one of the stationary side shields, the grain will be carried
round into the gradually narrowing space between the outer and inner drums, the
latter of which is also carried round by the motion imparted to the grain. While
being thus forced towards the point where the two drums approach nearest to each
other, the separate grains or seeds are subjected to a continual rubbing action one
against the other and against the surfaces of the drums, which action increases

page_text: considerably as the grain is made to squeeze through the narrow space between the
drums, and thus it becomes effectually cleansed and hulled.
For removing the dust and husks from the outer drum a blast of air is introduced
through an orifice in the lower part of one of the stationary shields, and is allowed
to escape through a hole in the upper part of the other shield, carrying the dust 5
with it. The cleansed grain is also removed through the same hole.
AN IM- PROVEMENT IN SCISSORS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Emma Jane Henchy at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd June 1877.
EMMA JANE HENCHY, of Kensington, in the County of Middlesex. "AN IM-
PROVEMENT IN SCISSORS."
My Invention is applicable to all kinds of work scissors, but relates more
especially to cutting out scissors, and has for its object to render their use less
fatiguing to the hand, and to enable a pattern to be followed more accurately than
can be done when the power of the hand is required alternately to open and close
the scissors.
Ordinary scissors are unprovided with any means for opening the blades; and
when the scissors are of large size, and are used on stout material, the muscles of
the hand soon become fatigued, and in many instances the thumb and fingers are
bruised by the repeated pressure in separating the blades after each cut.
My Invention consists in the employment of a metal or india-rubber spring con-
fined between and secured to the handles. This spring is compressed at each cut,
and by its elasticity forces the handles, and consequently the bladės, apart in readi-
ness for making a fresh cut.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF MEAL FOR LINSEED POULTICES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Marris Hamilton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd April 1877.
JOHN MARRIS HAMILTON, of Sculcoates Bridge Works, Hull, in the County of
York, Merchant and Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF
MEAL FOR LINSEED POULTICES."
The use of linseed poultices for reducing inflammation and relieving affections of
the chest, and for other like purposes, is now so universal that any discovery
tending to increase the facility for obtaining meal in a condition fit for making
such poultices is of great importance.
The linseed meal as now usually supplied to the market very quickly becomes
mouldy and totally unfit for use. Heretofore the meal supplied for making linseed
poultices has been prepared without properly drying or removing the sap or
imoisture therefrom, and I have discovered that this imperfect preparation is the
cause of its turning mouldy.
The ordinary method of preparing the meal is to take the linseed in the condition
in which it is, obtained from the grower or importer and simply grind the same.
The meal thus obtained turns mouldy, and is thereby spoiled in a very short
time.
Another method is to take linseed cake (that is to say, linseed from which the oil
has been extracted), and grind the same, but the meal thus obtained is a very
inferior and unsatisfactory article.
My Invention is designed to prevent this deterioration of the linseed meal, and
to so prepare the same that when manufactured it will be of a very superior quality,
and may be kept for a very long time in a good condition, and perfectly fit for use
for the above purpose.
For effecting the object of my Invention I draw off the moisture or sap from the
linseed, either before or after grinding or reducing the same to meal. I may do this
by pressure, or by any other suitable process or means that will remove the
moisture without injuring the quality of the meal.
In some instances, particularly when for the making of poultices to be used in
cases of inflammation and when no actual wound exists, I add to the linseed meal,
•
11

page_text: prepared as above described, a small portion in the form of meal of rape or mustard
seed from which the sap or moisture has been withdrawn.
It is not absolutely necessary that I should remove the chaff from the seed used
for the preparation of the said poultices, but I find it very desirable to do so, and
therefore still further improve the quality of the meal by the removal of the chaff
therefrom.
The linseed meal, either with or without the other above-named ingredients,
when prepared as above described, is ready for immediate use for the making of
poultices, and if packed with ordinary care will keep in good condition and equally
ready for use for a great number of years in any climate.
A CERTAIN COM- POUND OR LINAMENT FOR THE CURE OF RHEUMATIC, PARALYTIC, AND OTHER SIMILAR DISEASES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Minton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th December 1877.
THOMAS MINTON, of Dudley, in the County of Worcester. "A CERTAIN COM-
POUND OR LINAMENT FOR THE CURE OF RHEUMATIC, PARALYTIC, AND OTHER
SIMILAR DISEASES.”
This Invention consists of a certain compound or linament, which has for its
object the cure of rheumatic, paralytic, and other similar diseases.
This Invention consists of a linament composed of white and blue vitriol diluted
with water, according to the requirement of the disease (for outward application),
while pills are composed of camphor, saltpetre, and milk of sulpher, each of equal
parts, for interior application.