AN IMPROVED HARROW
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Lyne, of Malmesbury, in the County of
Wilts, Draper, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED HARROW."
Sealed the 1st September 1858, and dated the 8th March 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Lyne at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
March 1858. .
I, THOMAS LYNE, of Malmesbury, in the County of Wilts, Draper, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED HARROW,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of an improved harrow, composed of four or more
beams of straight, curved, or zig-zag form, each connected by a separate loop
´or eye to a transverse draught bar. The beams carry the tines, and being
connected by eyes to the draught bar, they are free to play laterally and up
and down.
The draught hooks are also connected by eyes to the draught bar. There
is a transverse bar near the rear end of the beams to confine them within
'certain limits, but not to prevent any or all of them rising and falling and
vibrating. The action of the harrow is such that should any tine come
in contact with a hard or large substance the beam in which that tine is
fixed rises or moves laterally to clear the impediment, without disturbing or
displacing the other beams.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Lyne in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
8th September 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
LYNE, of Malmesbury, in the County of Wilts, Draper, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Thomas Lyne, Her special licence that I, the said Thomas Lyne, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Thomas
Lyne, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED HARROW," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Thomas Lyne, my executor's
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Lyne, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
that is to say:-
My Invention consists of an improved harrow, composed of two, three, or
more beams of straight, curved, or zig-zag form, each connected by separate
-loops-or eyes-to-a-transverse draught bar. The beams carry the tines and
being connected by eyes to the draught bar they are free to play both laterally
and up
and down, or either only. The draught hooks are also connected by
eyes to the draught bar. There is a transverse bar or there are transverse
links near the rear end of the beams to confine them within certain limits, but
not to prevent any or all of them rising and falling and vibrating. The action.
of the harrow is such, that should any tine come in contact with a hard or
large substance, the beam in which that tine is fixed rises or moves laterally or
both to clear the impediment without disturbing or displacing the other beams.
By curving the beams or making them of a zig-zag form I am enabled

page_text: conveniently to place the tines in such positions that several of them shall not
lie in the same transverse or the same longitudinal line.
In the Drawings hereunto annexed I have represented a four-beam harrow
constructed according to my Invention; Figure 1 being a plan view; Figure 2,
a side view of one of the beams detached; and Figure 3, a separate view of
one of the connecting links. A, A, are the beams which are curved in this
harrow, and are each connected by two loops or eyes a, a¹, to the loops or eyes
b, b, on the draught bar B, by means of a transverse through bolt c; d, d, are
the draught hooks in the draught bar B. The rear ends of the beams A, A,
are formed into spindles to receive the links C, C, which are slotted (Figure 3)
to allow for play when either of the beams rises. D is a flat bar centred at e,
and placed as shown in drawn lines in Figure 1, when the harrow is at work,
being held in that position by the screw f; but when the harrow is to be
transported and consequently requires to be made rigid for the sake of con-
venience, the bar D is turned into the position shown in dotted lines
in Figure 1, sliding under all the holders g, g, and is fixed there by the screw
f. By placing an additional link on the outside beam on one such harrow,
and connecting it to the outside beam of a neighbouring, harrow, two or
more such harrows may be conveniently connected; for joint operation I place
weights which may be either of the same or of different sizes on the respective
beams of the harrow where desired.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I do not confine myself to
the precise details above set forth, as they may be variously modified by
varying the number and positions of the joints and otherwise, but I claim,―
First, the improved harrow herein-before described and illustrated in the
Drawings annexed.
Secondly, the construction of harrows with beams, each or a part of each
of which beams is capable of rising or of moving laterally, or both, independently
of all or of some of the remaining beams, and each capable also of being
weighted independently, essentially as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Lyne, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventh day of September, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-eight.
THOMAS LYNE. (L.S.)