IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR LIFTING AND WORKING ANCHORS, CABLES, AND OTHER WEIGHTS ON SHIPBOARD
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Betteley, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Anchor Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR LIFTING AND WORKING ANCHORS, CABLES, AND OTHER WEIGHTS
ON SHIPBOARD."
Sealed the 15th May 1857, and dated the 24th February 1857.'
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Betteley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
February 1857.
I, JOSEPH BETTELEY, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Anchor
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR LIFTING AND WORKING ANCHORS,. CABLES, AND OTHER WEIGHTS
ON SHIPBOARD," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in transmitting the power of ships"
capstans to their windlass purchases, and from capstan to capstan, or from
capstan to dragging or pitch wheels, for hauling in chain cables; also for
working ships' capstans by means of a compound lever and ratchet wheels,
and for improving the power of the ordinary compound lever windlass pur-
chase, and for a means of stopping chain cables as they are let go or hove in.
I transmit the power of one capstan to another capstan or capstan spindle by
means of wheel gearing at the foot of them, one having a driving wheel on
it and the other a pinion. The capstan or capstans I turn by means of hand-

page_text: spikes set at an angle so as to pass one over the other. I also use dragging
wheels and endless chains in the place of the wheels and pinions, as a means
of transmitting the power. I also work a perpendicular spindle, similar to a
capstan spindle, having a dragging wheel on it, for the purpose of attaching the
cable and heaving it inboard; this I work or move round by means of the
double capstan motion, described above, of wheel and pinion, or dragging wheel
and endless chains. I also form a capstan with double head, so that I
can work the spindle or the body of the capstan separately, as they may
be required for heaving up the anchor or other purposes. The body
of this capstan moves round the spindle. I also work the ordinary wind-
lass barrel, or a spindle having a dragging wheel on it for hauling in
the chain cable, by means of a large driving wheel fixed on it, having a
pinion gearing into it, and fixed on the fore part of the windlass, and
which I work by means of a capstan having a bevilled wheel at the foot
of its spindle; or I. connect the motion of the capstan to the windlass
or pinion on the fore, part of the windlass by means of dragging or pitch
wheels and endless chains. I also apply ratchet or friction wheels with move-
able levers to the perpendicular spindle of a ship's capstan, for the purpose of
producing a rotary motion by means of the alternating motion of compound
levers, and on this capstan spindle I also fix a strong dragging or pitch wheel
for hauling in the chain cable.
For stoppers or breaks for chain cable, I form a trough or pipe-like shape
of iron for the cable to pass through.. In the top part of the inside of this I
place a plate of iron or other material, and through the top of the pipe I pass
a screw with a head to receive a lever for turning it, and I also use an
excentric lever, which when acted upon presses down the plate or chain
within the pipe, and by this means I am enabled to stop the chain or let go, as
may be required; at one end of this stopper or pipo I place a trap pall, which
moves as the chain is hove in.. I also. improve the ordinary compound lever
windlass purchase, which is worked by means of two wheels and alternating
levers, attached by means of connecting rods or chains to a crosshead or short
lever, fixed on what is called the windlass pall bit head; on this crosshead I
apply rollers for attaching the connecting rods, to enable me to move them,
thereby to gain power or speed, as may be required.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Betteley in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
24th August 1857.
.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
BETTELEY, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Anchor Manufacturer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Joseph Betteley, Her special licence that I, the said Joseph Betteley,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I; the said Joseph
Betteley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
LIFTING AND WORKING ANCHORS, CABLES, AND OTHER WEIGHTS ON SHIPBOARD,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Joseph Betteley, my
.executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Betteley, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly, described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention relates to improvements in transmitting the power of ships'
capstans to their windlass purchases, and from capstain to capstan, or from
capstan to dragging or pitch wheels for hauling in chain cables, and for im-
proving the power of the ordinary compound lever windlass purchase, and for
a means of stopping chain cables as they are let go or hove in.
I transmit the power of one capstan to another capstan or capstan spindle
by means of wheeled gearing at the foot of them; one having a driving wheel
-on it and the other a pinion. The capstan or capstans I turn by means of
handspikes set at an angle so as to pass one over the other. I also use

page_text: dragging wheels and endless chains in the place of the wheels and pinions, as
a means of transmitting the power. I also work a perpendicular spindle,
similar to a capstan spindle, having a dragging wheel on it, for the purpose of
attaching the cable and heaving it inboard; this I work or move round by
means of the double capstan motion, described above, of wheel and pinion,
or dragging wheel and endless chains. I also form a capstan with double
heads, so that I can work the spindles or the body of the capstan sepa-
rately, as they may be required, for heaving up the anchor or other
purposes. The body of this capstan moves round the spindle. I also work
the ordinary windlass barrel, or a spindle having a dragging wheel on it
for hauling in the chain cable, by means of a largo driving wheel fixed
on it, having a pinion gearing into it, and fixed on the fore part of the
windlass, and which I work by means of a capstan having a bevelled wheel at
the foot of its spindle; or I connect the motion of the capstan to the windlass
or pinion on the fore part of the windlass by means of dragging or pitch
wheels and endless chains.
For stoppers or breaks for chain cable, I form a trough or pipe-like shape
of iron for the cable to pass through. In the top part of the inside of this I
place a plate of iron or other material, and through the top of the pipe I pass
a screw with a head to receive a lever for turning it, and I also use an
excentric lever, which when acted upon presses down the plate or chain within
the pipe, and by this means I am enabled to stop the chain or let go as may
be required; at one end of this stopper or pipe I place a trap pall, which
moves as the chain is hove in. I also improve the ordinary compound lever
windlass purchase, which is worked by means of two wheels and alternating
levers, attached by means of connecting rods or chains to a crosshead or short
lever, fixed on what is called the windlass pall bit head; on this crosshead I
apply rollers for attaching the connecting rods, to enable me to move them,
thereby to gain power or speed as may be required.
Figure
capstans, with the various details comprising the same for obtaining power or
speed as may be required; and Figure 4 shews a windlass worked by capstan
power.
Figure 1: A, A, represent two capstans having holes in their heads for 3
handspikes, forming an angle upwards B, B, two upright shafts or spindles;
C, D, two chain dragging wheels; E, an endless pitched chain, working on

page_text: and connecting the two chain dragging wheels C, D; F is a large chain
dragging wheel for hauling in chain cable; G is a ratchet or pall wheel with
its palls H, H; J is a ball of india-rubber at the back of the palls H, H, for
the purpose of forcing the palls.H, H, on to the pall wheel G to prevent its
return; K, K, aro bushes or steps for the spindles or shafts to work in; Lis
a capstan bar or handspike. It will thus be seen, upon the capstan A being
moved by means of the bars a great power will be produced, which will cause
the wheels C, D, and chain E to rotate, and by means of the chain dragging
wheel F haul in the chain cable. The capstans A, A, are fixed or keyed on
to the shafts or spindles B, B.
Figure 2: A represents a capstan working loose upon its spindle; B, up-
right shaft or spindle; C, capstan head fixed or keyed on to spindle shaft B;
D, E, wheel and pinion keyed on to spindle shafts B, B; F is a large chain
dragging wheel keyed on to shaft B for clutching and hauling in the chain
cable; G and H shew a section and plan of a chain dragging wheel. It will
be seen, by the capstan head C being turned by a capstan bar it will causo
the wheel and pinion D, E, to rotate, and by means of the dragging wheel F
haul in the chain cable upon the capstan bar being moved into the head of
the capstan I. It will move separately and become useful for other purposes.
K, K, K, are bushes or steps for the spindles or shafts to work in; L is
a ratchet or pall wheel with its palls, as described in Figure 1.
Figure 3, the same as Figure 2, except that the chain cable dragging wheel
is fixed upon the upper part of the shaft. or spindle B or on the upper deck
of the ship. I sometimes form a plain capstan on the top of the dragging
wheel F, which I work by means of the compound gearing, as described in
Figures 1 and 2.
Figure 4 represents an ordinary ship's windlass worked by means of capstan
gearing. B is an upright shaft with capstan A on the top of it; C, D, is
bevilled gearing; E is a tooth wheel fixed on the windlass body G; F is
a pinion working into the wheel E, and turned by the bevilled wheels on
the shaft. It will be seen that upon the capstan head being turned it will
.cause the bevilled gearing to rotate and act upon the pinion, and thus cause tho
windlass body to turn and draw in the cable.
Figures 5 and 6 are sections of capstan and capstan head.
Figure 7 shews the general arrangement of the purchase represented in
Figures 2 or 3. Upon the ship's deck A, A, are shafts of pinion and spur
wheel; B is the chain dragging wheel; C, C, are guide, rollers to lead the
cable to chain pipes D, D; E, E, are the hause pipes in bows of ship; F, F,
are chain stoppers and compressers; G is the chain cable.

page_text: Figure 8 shews guide roller marked C in Figure 7.
Figure 9 represents a chain stopper or compresser. 'A is a pipe through
which the chain passes; B is a plate of iron loose in the pipe; C is a screw,
passing through the top side of the pipe and pressing upon the plate B; D is
a lever. in the head of the screw C, and upon its being turned it moves the
scrow downward on to the plate B or chain cable, and by sufficient power
being applied it is stopped.
Figure 10 represents a chain stopper or compresser. A is a pipo; B is an
eccentric moving in a slot across the top of the pipe; C is the lever. Upon
the lever C being moved downwards it causes the excentric B to press upon 1
the chain in the pipe, and sufficient power being applied, stops the chain; E
is a falling trap, which moves upwards as the chain cable moves through the
pipe, and falls and stops the chain from returning.
Figure 11 shews what I call a crosshead placed upon a windlass pall bit
for working a compound lever purchase. A, A, are connecting rods; B, B, 1
are rollers upon the crosshead, and for moving the connecting rods in or out,
as speed or power may be required, their lower end being attached to two
alternating levers for moving the ordinary windlass round.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried 2
into effect, I would observe, 'in conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict
myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion
to describe or refer to, as many variations may be made therefrom with
deviating from the principles or main features of the said Invention; but what
I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention 2
secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,―
First, the general construction and arrangement of double capstans, and
'the connecting them by means of a wheel and pinion gearing, or by chain
dragging wheels and endless chains, as described, and applied in Figures 1, 2,
and 3, for obtaining increased power or speed as may be required for lifting 3
anchors or other weights.
Second, the peculiar mode of working two capstans by means of handspikes
set at an angle, as described in Figure 1. I do not claim this mode of fixing
handspikes to a single capstan, as it is not now; but the mode of working two
capstans, by means of handspikes set at an angle, I do claim.
Third, for the application of bevel gearing worked by capstans, and, as
applied in Figure 4, to an ordinary windlass barrel.
Fourth, for the chain stopper or compresser, the chain passing through
S

page_text: pipes in one catire piece, having a screw or excentric lever applied to them,
as described in Figures 9 and 10.
Fifth, for crosshead with rollers for moving connecting rods for the purpose
of increasing power or speed of the ordinary compound lever windlass pur-
chase, as described in Figure 11.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Betteley, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand cight hundred and fifty-seven.
0 Witness,
FRED HARRIS.
JOSEPH BETTELEY. (L.s.)