Improvements in Rock and Ore Breakers.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Aug., 1894-Accepted, 29th Sept., 1894
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Rock and Ore Breakers.
I, RYERSON DUDLEY GATES, Manufacturer, of Oak Park, Cook County,
Illinois, United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of my invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:―
In the drawings, Figure 1 is a plan view of my improved breaker; Fig. 2 an end
view partly in section, the section being on line 2 of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 a side elevation
partly in section, the section being on line 3 of Fig. 1; Fig. 4 a longitudinal
vertical section taken on line 4 of Fig. 2.
In making my improved rock and ore breaker, I employ a base, A, on which the
operative parts are mounted. I arrange on the base a central crushing anvil, B.
This anvil is fastened to the base by bolts, b, or in such other desired manner as
may be preferred to hold it securely in place. The crushing anvil is provided with
two inclined crushing surfaces, 61, inclining toward each other at the top, so as to
give the crushing anvil a substantially triangular form, as shown in Fig. 4. The
anvil is preferably made with a hollow core to permit the arrangement of parts,
as hereinafter described. I arrange two rocking or oscillating crushing jaws, C,
pivoted to the base on shafts, c, so as to permit them to be rocked or oscillated on
their pivotal points. These crushing jaws are provided with crushing surfaces or
plates, C¹, which, for convenience, will be termed the initial crushing surfaces, and
with crushing surfaces, c', which, for convenience, will be termed secondary crushing
surfaces. As the jaws are rocked or oscillated inward, the initial crushing surfaces
approach as nearly to each other as desired in the operation of the machine, and
the secondary crushing surfaces approach as nearly as may be desired to the crushing
surfaces of the anvil. The crushing surfaces on the jaws are preferably made of
hardened or chilled material to better enable them to resist the wearing action of
the rock or ore being crushed. The secondary crushing surfaces, when thus made
in separate plates, are preferably let into the jaws the desired distance, and are
supported on shoulders, c², to sustain their weight while they are held in their
places by bolts, e³. The upper ends of the secondary crushing surfaces are
preferably bevelled, so that correspondingly bevelled notches, C3, in the lower ends
of the initial crushing plates fit over them, so that the weight of such plates may
be thus sustained. The upper ends of the initial crushing plates are preferably
provided with bevelled notches, in which the edges, C³ of the caps, C, rest. These
caps are preferably let into the upper edges of the crushing jaws and held securely
in place by bolts, c. The shafts on which the lower ends of the jaws are pivoted
are mounted in blocks, D, arranged in guides or ways, D', or otherwise arranged,
so that they can be adjusted in or out by means of the bolts, d, so that the distance
between the lower edges of the secondary crushing plates and the central anvil
may be regulated to determine the fineness and the rapidity of the flow of the
material through them, so that they may be adapted to crush or pulverize the
material as finely or as coarsely as may be desired. The jaws may be adjusted at
different positions of nearness to the anvil, so that the material flowing from one
side of the anvil may be finer than the material flowing from the other, and thus
different grades of crushed material may be produced at the same time.
In order to rock or oscillate the crushing jaws, I arrange a crank shaft, E,
through the hollow core of the crushing anvil. This crank shaft is supported in
suitable bearings or journals, and to rotate it, I mount on its end pulleys, E', which
may be connected with any convenient motive power, although other means for

page_text: rotating the crank shaft may be employed, if preferred. As shown in the drawings,
the cranks of the shaft consist of eccentrics, e, to rotate with the shaft. I mount
on these cranks or eccentrics pitmen, F, provided with wrist pins, f, at their upper
ends. Links, G, are pivoted on the wrist pins at their inner ends and at their outer
ends upon shafts, F', which extend through the upper ends of the crushing jaws,
although other means for pivoting them to the jaws may be adopted, if preferred.
As the crank shaft rotates, the pitmen are moved up and down, and the inner ends
of the links correspondingly moved. As the pitmen move downward, they carry
the inner ends of the links with them, and thus draw the upper ends of the rocking
jaws toward each other, while in their upward movement they rock them back to
their positions of greatest separation. As rock or ores are fed in between the
primary crushing jaws, they are broken or crushed by the successive blows of the
jaws as they approach during their passage through them. The material is thus
crushed to the desired extent by the initial crushing surfaces, when it is permitted
to pass through and over upon the apex of the central crushing anvil. The
material here separates, some passing to the one side and some to the other, when it
is further crushed and broken between the anvil and the secondary crushing
surfaces, as it passes on its way out between them. It is intended that the
material shall receive, during its passage between the anvil and the secondary
crushing surfaces, the desired amount of crushing or breaking, so that as it emerges
it will be in the desired condition. By adjusting the lower ends of the rocking
jaws toward or from the central anvil, the degree of fineness to which the rock or
ore will be crushed may be regulated, as desired, and by moving one of the jaws
closer to the anvil than the other, two grades of product may be secured at the
same time, one grade from one side of the anvil and the other from the other side.
As illustrated in the drawings, I have shown the rocking or oscillating crushing
jaws as pivoted at the bottom, with the links by which they are rocked pivoted at
the top; but it is obvious that this arrangement can be varied and reversed, as
would be the case were the rocking jaws pivotted at the top and the links arranged
at the bottom. 1 have also shown the jaws adjustable toward or from the central
anvil, though it is obvious that the anvil itself could be made adjustable toward or
from the jaws. I mention these as obvious variations, because I do not desire to
be limited to mere details of construction, so long as the main ideas or essential
features of my invention are employed. Of course, it will be understood that the
rocking jaws are to be arranged between the plates, H, at their ends to prevent
the material being treated from escaping from between the jaws.
The main advantages to be derived from the use of my invention consist in the
fact that I provide two rocking or vibrating crush jaws as above described, which
between them forms an initial crushing surface which first reduces or crushes the
ore or rock to a somewhat uniform condition, and the interposition of an anvil
between the crushing jaws provides two secondary crushing surfaces where the
rock or ore may be further crushed to the desired degree of fineness, and which
distributes the crushed stone over a greater degree of surface during their final
crushing, providing a larger opening or openings for the discharge of the same, and
preventing any packing which might otherwise take place, as well as less destruction
or obliteration of the granulated material.
In operation, there might, on occasions, be a tendency for one of the crushing
jaws to have greater resistance than the other, as where a greater quantity of
material was passing on one side of the central anvil than the other, in which case
the jaw having the greatest resistance opposed to it might not be advanced toward
the central anvil to as great an extent as the other. To provide for such con-
tingency, I would suggest that the pin, f, be confined in a stationary guide, which
I have not considered it necessary to show, that would cause such pin to move up
and down in a vertical plane, thus causing each of the jaws to be drawn in the up
and down movements of the pitman to the same extent toward the central anvil,
thus securing the complete crushing of the material when a greater quantity
was on the one side of the anvil than on the other.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a rock or ore breaker, the combination of two oppositely-vibrating
crushing jaws the upper working surfaces of which form an initial crusher, an anvil
interposed between the lower working surfaces of said jaws and forming in con-
nection therewith two secondary crushers and discharge openings, and means for
vibrating the crushing jaws, substantially as described.
2. In a rock or ore breaker, the combination of two oppositely-vibrating
crushing jaws the upper working surfaces of which form an initial crusher, an
anvil interposed between the lower working surfaces of such jaws and forming in
connection therewith two secondary crushers and discharge openings, means for
adjusting the crushing jaws with relation to each other and the anvil, and means
for vibrating the crushing jaws, substantially as described.
Dated this 28th day of August 1894.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.