Preparation of Fibrous Materials.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Aug., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Oct., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 23rd Nov., 1888
Preparation of Fibrous Materials.
I, JOSEPH MOSELEY of the Chapelfield Works Ardwick, Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, India-Rubber Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows :-
This invention relates to the foundations of Cards such as are employed in the
manufacture and preparation of fibrous materials, and it has for its objects to prevent
the longitudinal stretching of the foundation material and to give it greater longitudinal
strength.
The foundation material to which this Invention relates is ordinarily constructed
of two or more layers or thicknesses of woven or felted fabrics cemented together.
These Improvements consist in employing in the manufacture of the fabric in
substitution for, or in addition to, one or more layers of the foundation, a layer or
layers of closely parallel yarns or threads laid in the direction of the length of the
foundation, and cemented therein.
Dated this 2nd day of August AD 1888
WILLIAM E. HEYS,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Foundations for Cards Employed in the
Preparation of Fibrous Materials.
I, JOSEPH MOSELEY of Chapelfield Works, Ardwick Manchester in the County of
Lancaster, India Rubber Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This Invention relates to foundations for cards such as are employed in the preparation
of fibrous materials, and it has for its object to prevent or diminish the stretching of
the material.
The foundations to which this Invention relates are commonly constructed of two
or more layers of textile or felted fabrics cemented together.
These improvements consist in the manufacture of the foundation in such a manner
that in substitution for one or more of the ordinary layers, or in addition
thereto, one or more layers of yarn or threads laid in straight lines in the
direction of the length of the foundation, is or are incorporated therein or united
therewith.
When two or more layers for example of textile materials are placed together as
shown in Figure 1 it will be evident that owing to the weaving of the fabric the
threads are none of them in a straight line but are diverted therefrom as shown with
regard to the threads a whose length is supposed to be in the direction (shown by the
arrows) of the greatest strain on the foundation when in use. The material therefore
is very subject to stretch owing to there being required but a comparatively small
tensile strain to diminish the curvature of the warp under and over the weft and
consequently to elongate the fabric. If however a component part of the foundation
be formed of yarn or threads already in a straight line as shown at bin Figure 2
the application of a very considerable force would be needed to lengthen the yarn
or threads.
In order that my Invention may be fully understood I will now proceed to describe
with reference to Figure 3 of the accompanying sheet of drawings the manner in
which the same may be performed.
As represented in Figure 3 the foundation is supposed to consist of four layers
cemented together. The layers A B and C are shown as being partly cut or torn
away so that parts of each of the layers may be seen. A is a layer of cloth; B is a
layer of the threads or yarn laid in straight lines as aforesaid C is a layer of
felt and D is another layer of cloth. The number of layers and the material of
which the respective layers consist will vary according to the purpose for which
the foundation is manufactured, as is well understood, but in all cases at least one
of the layers consists of the threads or yarn laid in straight lines as aforesaid.
The material which I use for the purpose of arranging in straight lines as aforesaid
may be threads or yarn of any suitable animal or vegetable material.

page_text: In the process of manufacture of a foundation according to my Invention, I may
first wind the yarn or threads upon a beam, as a warp is wound upon a loom beam
for weaving.
yarn
The beam with the yarn or threads thereon is then mounted so as to be capable of
rotation parallel with the rollers of a machine such as is commonly used for doubling
pieces of cloth together in the manufacture of ordinary foundations, and the ends of
the yarn or threads are passed parallel with each other and in a uniform layer between
the rollers of the doubling machine. There may be advantageously placed between
the beam and the rollers, a guide, reed or comb through which the ends of the
or threads are passed to keep them parallel as in a loom. The fabrics between which
the parallel yarn or threads have to be inserted are then placed (say that two layers
only are used) one above and one below the layer of yarn or threads their contiguous
faces having previously been coated with india-rubber or cement, as in the manu-
facture of ordinary foundations and the whole is then passed between the rollers, the
pressure of which firmly unites the layers and yarn or threads together. The yarn
or threads may be passed through a solution of india-rubber or of cement on their
way to the rollers in substitution for or in addition to applying a similar solution to
one or both of the inner faces of the fabrics.
I prefer to adopt the method of manufacture herein before described as I believe it
is the best method of carrying my Invention into effect but it may be modified or
varied to suit special circumstances. For example, I may, instead of first winding
the yarn or threads upon a beam, wind it upon a number of bobbins which are then
mounted upon spindles in suitable frame as in the process of winding a warp for a
loom. The ends of the yarn or threads are then carried through guides and a reed
or comb to the rollers as already hereinbefore described with reference to the beam.
Two or more layers of the yarn or thread may be laid in contact or alternate or
successive layers of yarn or thread and of fabric may be combined according to the
character of the required foundation, I generally prefer that the layer or layers of
yarn or thread shall be enclosed within layers of textile or felted fabrics, but in some
cases it or they may form one or both the external surfaces.
The yarn or thread which I prefer to employ for ordinary foundations is linen, but
may use hemp, cotton, camel hair, woollen, silk, or other animal or vegetable fibrous
material singly or in combination.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a card foundation, a layer of yarn or threads arranged in straight lines sub-
stantially as herein before defined and for the purpose hereinbefore described.
2. A card foundation formed by one or more layers of yarns or threads arranged in
straight lines in combination with one or more layers of cloth, felt, or similar material,
substantially as hereinbefore described.
Dad thin 09-1 Ondahan 1000