ROVEMENTS IN TREATING AND SEPARATING THE CONSTITUENTS OF MAIZE. AND IN OBTAINING OIL, STARCH, SPIRIT, AND OTHER PRODUCTS
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Anderson, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Starch Manufacturer, for the Invention of
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING AND SEPARATING THE CONSTITUENTS OF MAIZE.
AND IN OBTAINING OIL, STARCH, SPIRIT, AND OTHER PRODUCTS."
Sealed the 25th March 1870, and dated the 30th September 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Anderson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th September 1869.
I, JAMES ANDERSON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Starch Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for" IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING AND SEPARATING THE CONSTITUENTS™
OP MAIZE, AND IN OBTAINING OIL, STARCH, SPIRIT, AND OTHER PRODUCTS," to
be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to processes of the kind described in the
Specification of certain Letters Patent granted to the present applicant,
and dated the 30th April 1857 (No. 1226), and consists principally in first
decorticating the grains of the maize, and subsequently submitting them
to the processes described in the said Specification. The decortication,
[Price 8d.]

page_text: which may be effected in any known or convenient way, greatly
facilitates the subsequent processes and improves the products, the husks
removed by it being utilised as cattle food. After decortication the parts
of the grain known in botauical science as the embryo and perisperm
are separated from each other by the processes referred to, oil and oil
cake being obtained from the embryo, and by their value reducing the
cost of the starch, meal, flour, or spirit that is obtained from the
perisperm. The use of a saline solution to float the embryo is dispensed
with, and the liquid is made of sufficient density to effect that purpose
by mixing into it some starchy matter from a previous operation; or the
embryo and perisperm may be separated by treating them with a current
of water, which will carry off the lighter embryo whilst the heavier
perisperm will be deposited. The separated perisperm is treated in the
ordinary way for the obtainment of starch, or it is ground into meal or
flour, or it is used along with a proportion of malt, or is otherwise treated
o yield spirit.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Anderson in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 29th March 1870,
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, 1, JAMES
ANDERSON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Starch
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the
thirty-third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and graut unto me, the said James Anderson, Her special licence
that I, the said James Anderson, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said James Anderson my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TREATING AND SEPARATING THE CONSTITUENTS OF MAIZE, AND IN OBTAINING OIL

page_text: STARCH, SPIRIT, AND OTHER PRODUCTS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said James Anderson, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Anderson, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement in writing, that is to say:-
My said Invention relates to processes of the kind described in the
Specification of certain Letters Patent granted to me, and dated the
30th April 1857 (No. 1226), and it consists principally in first decor-
ticating the grains of the maize, and subsequently submitting them to
the processes described in the said Specification or to modifications of
those processes. The decortication is effected by submitting the grains
to strong friction in the well known mode as practised with wheat, rice,
and other seeds, and such preliminary decortication greatly facilitates
the subsequent processes and improves the various products. The husks
removed by the decortication may be utilised as cattle food. After
decortication the parts of the grain knowu in botanical science as the
embryo and perisperm are separated from each other by the processes
referred to, oil and oil cake being obtained from the embryo, and by
their value reducing the cost of the starch, meal, flour, or spirit that is
obtained from the perisperm.
In one modification of the separating process the use of a saline
solution to float the embryo is dispensed with, and the liquid is made
of sufficient density to effect that purpose by mixing into it some starchy
mutter from a previous operation or in process of separation, and by
preference in its undried state.
Or by another modification the embryo and perisperm are separated
by treating them with a current of water, which is conveniently done
by causing the water with the suspended matters to flow over an inclined
plane, the inclination of which is adjusted to suit the fineness of the
particles and the flow of the water. The current carries forward the
lighter embryo, whilst the heavier perisperm settles on the plane, and is

page_text: afterwards removed for making starch, meal, or flour, or for using along
with a proportion of malt, or being otherwise treated to yield spirit.
By a further modification the separation inducing conditions of the
two modifications last herein-before described are combined by increasing
the density of the liquid flowing over the inclined plane.
Having thus particularly described my said Invention, and the manuer
in which the same is to be performed, I have to state that what I
believe to be novel and original, and claim as secured to me by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
1. The decorticating of maize previously to separating the embryo and
perisperm for the purpose of obtaining oil, starch, spirit, and other
products, as herein-before described.
2. The using of starchy matter to increase the density of the liquid
in which the embryo and perisperm are suspended for the purpose of
being separated, as herein-before described.
3. Effecting the separation of the embryo and perisperm by means of
a current of water having its density increased or not, as herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Anderson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.