An Improvement in Incandescence Lamps.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application (in United Kingdom), 8th May, 1899
Complete Specification Left, 7th Feb., 1900-Accepted, 17th Mar.. 1900
I, LOUIS DENAYROUZE, of 70, Boulevard Victor Hugo à Neuilly (Seine), Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:--
According to this invention, water, preferably distilled, is forced by air pressure
in a small adjustable stream to a vaporiser situated above the mantle. From
this, vapour descends and passing through a coil situated in the heart of the flame
becomes more or less dissociated with hydrogen and oxygen which mingles with
the gas or combustible vapour that supplies the Bunsen burner. The pressure
of the hydrogen and oxygen in the flame greatly increases the luminosity of the
mantle heated by the burner flame.
The air pressure for causing ascent of the water is obtained from a bellows
arranged in the base of the lamp, which is charged in the first instance by hand,
and while the lamp is burning, a spring acting on the bellows causes it to collapse
forcing air into the water reservoir.
When liquid combustible is used, air is in the same way forced into the
reservoir containing it, causing this, as well as the water, to ascend to a vaporiser
situated above the incandescent mantle.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
An Improvement in Incandescence Lamps.
I, LOUIS DENAYROUZE, of 70, Boulevard Victor Hugo à Neuilly (Seine), Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the follow-
5 ing statement: -
According to this invention, water, preferably distilled, is forced by air pressure
in a small adjustable stream to a vaporiser situated above the mantle. From

page_text: this, vapour descends and passing through a coil situated in the heart of the flame
becomes more or less dissociated with hydrogen and oxygen which mingles with
the gas or combustible vapour that supplies the Bunsen burner. The pressure
of the hydrogen and oxygen in the flame greatly increases the luminosity of the
mantle heated by the burner flame.
The air pressure for causing ascent of the water is obtained from a bellows
arranged in the base of the lamp, which is charged in the first instance by hand,
and while the lamp is burning, a spring acting on the bellows causes it to collapse
forcing air into the water reservoir.
When liquid combustible is used, the air is in the same way forced into the
reservoir containing it, causing this, as well as the water, to ascend to a vaporiser
situated above the incandescent mantle.
I have found that by passing a small quantity of water vapour through a tube
situated near to or in the centre of the very hot burner flame of an incandescence
lamp, dissociation takes place, so that the resulting gaseous oxygen and hydrogen
in being led to the lower end of the Bunsen burner and there combining with supply
of the combustible gaseous mixture; a considerable rise of temperature is pro-
duced in the burner flame, resulting in a greatly increased luminosity of the
mantle.
I will describe the construction of incandescence lamp which I employ for
carrying out my said invention, with reference to the accompanying drawings,
in which Fig. 1 shews a vertical section of the lamp Fig. 2 shews a plan of the
heating coil situated within the burner flame, and Fig. 3 shews a vertical section
of a modified construction.
The construction shewn at Fig. 1 is arranged to work with ordinary illuminat-
ing gas and dissociated water vapour.
The lamp comprises a reservoir Â intended to contain the water which is intro-
duced at B; air under pressure is sent in above the water of this reservoir by a
bellows C which is charged with air by means of a suitable air forcing device fitted
upon the tube a. The bottom plate 6 of the bellows has a rod c the top of which
is fixed to a washer d which bears upon a spring D so as to compress it when the
bellows is distended. The expansion of this spring compresses the bellows and
forces air into the reservoir A. The lower end of the rod c, when the bellows
is charged depresses a blade spring z which works the hammer spring e of an
alarm gong t, this gives notice when the bellows is completely charged.
The air discharged by the tube f passes through the small tube g to the space
above the water which by such pressure is sent in a thin stream up the tube h.
The screw valve i regulates the quantity of water before it reaches the vertical
tube which extends upward along the incandescent mantle M. This tube j
may be filled with fine wires, very good conductors of heat.
The water thus already heated a little reaches the vaporiser E arranged above
the incandescent mantle; this vaporiser is shewn in plan in Fig. 2.
The vapour formed descends through the small tube k parallel to the mantle
till it reaches the coil F situated in the hottest part of the burner flame and in
which dissociation of the water vapour takes place. The gases resulting from the
dissociation descend to the base of the burner G through the tube which there
bends inwards and leads the hydrogen and oxygen gases resulting from the
dissociation to the base of the Bunsen burner, quite close to the pipe m through
which the ordinary gas is supplied by a rubber tube applied to the nipple n.
Fig. 3 represents a modified construction in which vapour of alcohol or other
combustible liquid is used in place of illuminating gas.
Above the water reservoir A is arranged a reservoir H containing alcohol or
other combustible liquid a branch g¹ for air under pressure discharged from the
bellows C opens above the alcohol. This liquid is sent in a fine stream through the
tube o the passage of which is regulated by a screw valve p, and ascends by a
pipe q into the special vaporising coil I above the the mantle M; the alcohol
vapour then descends by pipe r to the base of the burner G where it meets the

page_text: dissociated water vapour coming from the vaporising coil F as in the first arrange-
ment.
In either of the above arrangements the water vapour dissociated, at least
partially, always issues with a considerable elastic force and velocity, the jet,
although very minute, draws in the combustible gas or vapour and effects the
mixture in the burner with such energy that the burner may be employed in
arrangements of service pipes with a very small pressure.
For producing the dissociated vapour with a sufficient and constant pressure,
this pressure may either be produced in the water reservoir by means of a spring
bellows as in the drawing, or by a pump &c., or by transmitting by conduction
a certain quantity of waste heat of the mantle flame as described in my former
patents. This part of the arrangement moreover, is only an accessory and the
sending of water under sufficient pressure to the mouth of the dissociation tube
may be effected by any known mechanical appliance.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. In an incandescence gas or vapour lamp the combination with a burner for
either illuminating gas or for hydrocarbon vapour, of a water supply so arranged
that the water is first vaporised by being passed through a small tubular coil
above the incandescence mantle, the vapour thus produced being then dissociated
by being passed through a refractory coil situated within the burner flame, while
the resulting more or less dissociated vapour is then made to mix with the com-
bustible gas or vapour entering the burner, in order by the combustion of the
dissociated gases to produce a considerably increased luminosity of the mantle,
substantially as described.
2. An incandescence lamp operating with a combined supply of combustible
gas or vapour and a supply of more or less dissociated water vapour. arranged
and operating substantially as herein described with reference to the drawings.
Dated this 7th day of February 1900.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.