IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TRIMMING OR DRESSING THE EDGES OF WOODEN PACKING BOXES, AND FOR SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake,
& Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TRIMMING OR DRESSING THE EDGES OF
WOODEN PACKING BOXES, AND FOR SIMILAR PURPOSES." A communication
from abroad by Frederick Myers, of the City and State of New York, United
States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st September 1880.
FOR
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent
Agents, Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
TRIMMING OR DRESSING THE EDGES OF WOODEN PACKING BOXES, AND
SIMILAR PURPOSES." [A communication from abroad by Frederick Myers, of the
City and State of New York, United States of America.]
This Invention relates to improvements in machines chiefly designed for
trimming or dressing the side and end edges of wooden packing boxes, such, for
instance, as soap-boxes, oil-boxes, and the like, but the said machines may be used
for any other similar purposes.
According to one form of construction I provide a machine in which the bottom
or top side edges of the boxes only can be trimmed or dressed. In another form of
construction both the bottom and top side edges of the boxes can be trimmed or
dressed at the same time. In another form of construction two of the end edges
only can be trimmed or dressed at once, and in another form of construction the four
end edges can be simultaneously trimmed or dressed.
In carrying the said Invention into practice I provide a supporting frame, table,
cutter or cutters, guide or guides, carrier or carriers, pusher or pushers, follower or
followers, and operating mechanism. Any or all of these parts, and especially the
cutter or cutters and guide or guides, may be made adjustable or self adjusting.
The cutter or cutters have a gauge or gauges to bear against the work, and may be
set at the same or different angles; moreover they may have one or more blades,
and may be made to revolve or reciprocate or to be stationary.

page_text: The boxes are fed to a table having guides on it and above it and on to a carrier
which forces them past the cutter or cutters; or there may be no carrier, the boxes
being forced past the cutter or cutters by a pusher or feed device, or the boxes may
be stationary on the table and the cutter or cutters forced past the boxes.
adjustable spring or chipper is placed behind the adjustable cutters or before them
to bear against the edges of the boxes to prevent clipping or splitting.
An
The said machine may be made single or double to trim or dress the top and
bottom edges at once or more than one box at a time. It may be driven by steam
or otherwise by means of suitable mechanism. The side and end edges of wooden
packing boxes, as soap-boxes, oil-boxes, and the like, can be neatly trimmed or
dressed in rapid succession at a great saving over hand labor by this improved
mechanism.

page_text: "
"
"
4
each bearing e is adjustable longitudinally by a set-screw f* passing through the
said lug and pressing against the lug e' on the said bearing. On the shaft d*
"and at one end of the frame is a pulley g', which supports and gives motion to
an endless feed-belt g passing around another pulley 9 supported in adjustable
bearings similar to those of the pulley g' and arranged at the other end of the
"frame. This endless belt g has rivetted to it standards or pieces 'h supporting
pushing rollers or pushers for pushing forward the boxes or work; these
"standards and rollers are varied in number according to the sizes of the boxes to
"be trimmed.
"
"
"
"f
"
"
"
"
"The boxes are placed on one end of the table i against the guide ¹ and on
"the endless belt in front of a pushing roller and are pushed forward between
"two adjustable parallel guide-bars j, j, having curved ends j' to permit the easy
"entrance and exit of the boxes. These side-bars are supported by adjustable and
self-adjusting bolts j, passing through the upper ends of standards k, l, k², k¹.
"These bolts and parallel side-bars are rendered self adjusting by springs j*j*,
"which tend to keep the said parallel side-bars pressed against the boxes passing
"between the same. The standards k, k are screwed to the top of the table and
"the standards k¹. k, are rendered adjustable by providing the same with slotted
"bases adapted to move on ways i* i* screwed to the table and to be secured
by thumb-screws . j represents an adjustable clipper-spring arranged on one
or both sides of the machine and so placed with regard to the cutters as to bear
against the edge or edges of the boxes passing through the machine and prevent
"the chipping or splitting of such edge or edges; to the underside of the table i is
"screwed a plate to which is pivotted a self-adjusting hanger m, which occupies
a slightly inclined position when secured in place. This hanger has bearings
m³, m, for an upright shaft n, which revolves at its lower end in a bushing m³
adjustable in the bearing m² by a set screw m* to raise or lower the said upright
" shaft. A cap n on the spindle n fits over the upper end of the bushing m³ to
"prevent the lubricant from escaping during the rapid motion of the shaft n.
"On this shaft is a pulley n', to which motion is imparted by a cross-belt o' from
a pulley o on the driving shaft o*, supported in suitable bearings adjacent to the
"frame and operated from a counter-shaft. On the underside of the table is also
"screwed a plate p, having dovetail ways p¹, in which a hanger m* similar to the
hanger m is adjustable. This hanger, like the hanger m, is provided with
bearings m', m², a bushing, a set-screw m³, a cap n*, and an upright shaft n,
having a pulley n', to which motion is imparted by a cross-belt q' from a
pulley on the same driving shaft o* as that upon which the pulley o is fixed.
"This hunger m* is adjusted by a hand-wheel and screw, the screw passing
"through a lug p* on the underside of the dove-tail plate and pressing against a
lug me on the hanger m*. This screw is held in any desired position by a
jam-nut g. A screw bolt or pin 8 projecting from the bearing m¹ of the
hanger m passes through a slot in the upper end of a bracket &¹ bolted to the
"frame. On this bolt between the bearing and the bracket is a spiral spring s*,
"which allows the upright shaft n to yield to pressure and also presses it towards
"the work. The extent of the lateral movement of the shaft n towards the box
"on the table is regulated by the adjustment of the nut so as to prevent the
spring from forcing the said shaft too far forwards. On the upper ends of the
upright shafts n above the table are collars & on which rest washers or discs t¹,
"which have parallel grooves t, t, cut in their faces to hold the cutters u, u. On
the top of these cutters are washers or discs v, having corresponding grooves
"v, v, in which the upper edges of the cutters are held On the shaft n
supported in the hanger m and on the top of the washer v, rests a loose collar
"washer-gauge or disc w. In the centre of this washer-gauge is fitted a loose
bushing w¹ projecting through it and bored to fit the upper end of the upright
"shaft on which is a screw-thread and a nut x This nut, when screwed down
upon the bushing w', presses it upon the washer v, and forces and binds the
"
"
"
41

page_text: "latter, the cutters u, and the washer t firmly together, whilst leaving the
"washer-gauge w free to revolve by contact with the work or boxes. The
" cutters u are so set as to extend slightly beyond the periphery of the said
washer-gauge w to take as deep a cut as desired, the depth of the cut being
"limited or gauged by the said washer-gauge. The upper end of the upright
"shaft supported by the hanger m* is unprovided with a washer-gauge, the screw-
"nut being screwed directly upon the washer or disc v so as to bind together
"the said washer, the cutters u, u, and the washer t¹.
"
"On the bottom of the standards k, k', is screwed a guide-gauge ko parallel
" with the feed-belt g. This guide-gauge is shaped as shewn in Figure 4, and is
provided with a groove o*, within which the projecting edge of the box enters in
"its passage through the machine. This guide-gauge must be adjusted to suit the
"box whose side edges are to be trimmed by adjusting the standards k', ',
"backward or forward; the cutters must then be adjusted so as to project
slightly through the said guide-gauge to give any desired depth of cut by
When the boxes
adjusting the upright shaft n by the screw and hand-wheel r,
"to be trimmed or the work is pushed between the adjustable and self-adjusting
parallel guides j and necessarily between the cutters, the latter trim off any
irregularities or projections on the edges of the bottoms or tops of the boxes as
they are presented to the cutters.
"
"
"
3
"
.
"I will now proceed to describe the dressing machine, illustrated in Figures 12, 13
" and 14 of the Drawings. In these Figures A, A, represent two planes, each of
"which has one or more plane irons or cutters B, B, and is supported in a sliding
frame C working in a supporting frame D. These planes are adjustable in slots
"in the sliding frame, and are held in the desired position by screw bolts and
On the outer
nuts E. The plane-irons are set at an angle to give a draw cut.
<<
r
<<
"
edges of the planes are angle-pieces, projecting ribs, or guides B', B', to guide the
"work. Motion is given to the sliding frame by a connecting rod F, a crank
"wheel or disc G, and a fast pulley H, on a driving shaft I, supported in suitable
bearings. Boxes are dressed by placing them one at a time on the table J end
foremost against one plane and against its guide B', then against the other plane
ર and against its guide until the end edges are dressed. The details of construction
" and operation of the said dressing machine may be varied; for example, the
planes may be placed on a table and by a pusher or feeder, or an endless belt
having a pusher, the boxes may be forced between the planes with a like result.
Duplicate planes may be employed to dress both ends of a box at once
"
"
<<
*
"
ct
Having thus fully described the said Invention and the manner of performing
"the same I wish it understood that I make no claim to any of the devices or
arrangements above described and shewn in Figures 1 to 11 otherwise than as
forming part of a machine characterized by the feature of adjustability in the
manner specified to adapt it to boxes of various sizes and I further wish it
"understood that I make no claim to or in respect of the machine shewn in
Figures 12, 13 and 14, of the drawings but I Claim,
<s
«
«
"First In a machine for dressing trimming or the edges of wooden boxes or
cases the combination of the endless feed-belt or pusher, the adjustable cutter,
"the adjustable guide-guage, the self adjusting or yielding cutter, and the clipper
spring or springs, and mechanism for actuating the same, all substantially as and
"for the purposes specified
**
$$
"Second. The combination of the adjustable cutter and the guide-guage,
arranged and operating substantially as and for the purpose specified
"
In witness whereof I the said Frederick Myers have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Twentyfirst day of December in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty two.

page_text: Notice of The application for leave to file this Disclaimer and Memorandum of
Alteration having been advertized in accordance with my direction
I hereby grant my Fiat giving leave to the above named Frederick Myers (the
Assignee and now legal and equitable Owner of the hereinbefore mentioned
Letters Patent) to file in the Office of the Commissioners of Patents with the
Specification to which the same relates the above written Disclaimer and
Memorandum of Alteration
This 6th day of Jenver One thousand night hundred and sighty three

page_text: In the Matter of Letters Patent granted to William Robert Lake, of
the firm of Haseltine, Lake, and Co., Patent Agents, Southampton
Buildings, London, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR TRIMMING OR DRESSING THE EDGES OF WOODEN PACKING BOXES
AND FOR SIMILAR PURPOSES." A communication from abroad by
Frederick Myers, of the City and State of New York, United States
of America, Dated September 1, 1880, No. 3548. which Letters Patent
have been assigned to and are now vested in the said Frederick Myers.
DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION proposed to be
filed by the said Frederick Myers,
WHEREAS Her Most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria by Her Letters
Patent bearing date the 1st day of September in the year of Our Lord one
thousand eight hundred and eighty in the Forty fourth year of Her Reign did
give and grant unto the said William Robert Lake his executors administrators
and assigns the sole privilege of making using exercising and vending within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland the Channel Islands and Isle
of Man the said invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TRIMMING OR
DRESSING THE EDGES OF WOODEN PACKING BOXES AND FOR SIMILAR PURPOSES
A Specification of which invention was duly filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
in pursuance of one of the provisoes of the said Letters Patent.
And Whereas by an Assignment Dated January 6 A.D. 1881, and duly
recorded in the Great Seal Patent Office aforesaid the said Letters Patent and all
right title and interest therein and thereto have been assigned to and are now
vested in me the said Frederick Myers.
And Whereas since the date of the said Assignment it has been ascertained that
having regard to the existing public knowledge at and prior to the date of the
said Letters Patent the claims made in the specification thereof are too wide and
comprehensive I am desirous of limiting the same in the manner hereinafter
appearing

page_text: NOW KNOW YE therefore that I the said Frederick Myers by and with the
consent of Her Majesty's Solicitor General do alter and amend the said Specifi-
cation as follows, that is to say, referring to the Queen's Printers' copy of the
said Specification and to page 5 thereof in line 26 I insert after the word "that"
the words "I make no claim to any of the devices or arrangements above described
forming nart of a machine
11 otherwise then
drawings but I strike out of line 30 the words "or of any of these parts'
strike out the whole of the matter constituting the Second and Fourth claiming
lauses. And in line 35 I strike out the word "Third" and substitute therefor
he word "Second,"
And in order that the effect of the said Disclaimer may be fully understood
I annex a copy of the Specification as it will appear when such Disclaimer and
Memorandum of Alteration have been made omitting the introductory and
concluding clauses thereof
<
"This invention relates to improvements in machinery chiefly designed for
trimming or dressing the edges of wooden packing boxes, such as soap-boxes,
starch-boxes, oil-boxes, mustard-boxes, and the like, and comprises various
novel details of construction and combinations of parts, as hereinafter described.
"DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
"Figure 1 is a plan of a machine constructed according to this invention for
trimming the side edges of boxes, and
"
"
"
"
"
"
Figures 2 and 3 are elevations of opposite sides of the said machine.
Figure 4 is an end elevation of the said trimming inachine.
Figure 5 is an underside view of a plate and screw, hereinafter described, and,
Figure 6, is an end view of the said plate secured to the table.
Figure 7 is a side view, and
Figure 8, an end view of an adjustable bearing, hereinafter described
"Figure 9, is a side view partly in section and drawn to an enlarged scale of a
"self-adjusting hanger and upright shaft carrying the cutters and gauge, herein-
"after described, and
"
Figure 10. is an end view of the said hanger with mechanism to allow of its
"self adjustment combined therewith.
<
"
"
"
Figure 11. is an end view also drawn to an enlarged scale of an adjustable
hanger, the cutters carried thereby, and other parts, hereinafter described
Figure 12, is a front view of a machine for dressing the end edges of
boxes, and
"
Figure 13 is a side view of the said machine
Figure 14, represents in front and end view the plane used in the said
machine,
"Like letters indicate the same parts throughout the drawings
18
In the trimming machine illustrated in Figures 1 to 11 of the drawings,
a represents the frame within suitable bearings a' upon which the shaft bis
supported; this shaft carries the driving pulley c. Motion is given to this
pulley c and the shaft b by a belt c* and pulley arranged upon the driving
"shaft o. On the end of the shaft b opposite to that upon which the said
driving pulley c is fixed is another pulley c¹ attached to the said shaft by a set
"screw or otherwise. This pulley gives motion by a belt d¹ to a pulley d secured
upon one end of a shaft d supported in adjustable hanging bearings e.
"
14
Each of
"these bearings is adjustable in a dovetail groove fl in a plate which has a
lug and also lugs f³ to permit it to be bolted to the underside of the table i;
1

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Robert Lake in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
1st March 1881.
"
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent
Agents, Southampton Buildings, London. IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
TRIMMING OR DRESSING THE EDGES OF WOODEN PACKING BOXES, AND
SIMILAR PURPOSES." A communication from abroad by Frederick Myers, of the
City and State of New York, United States of America.
FOR
This Invention relates to improvements in machinery chiefly designed for
trimming or dressing the edges of wooden packing boxes, such as soap-boxes,
starch-boxes, oil-boxes, mustard-boxes, and the like, and comprises various novel
details of construction and combinations of parts, as hereinafter described.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a plan of a machine constructed according to this Invention for
trimming the side edges of boxes, and
Figures 2 and 3 are elevations of opposite sides of the said machine.
Figure 4 is an end elevation of the said trimming machine.
Figure 5 is an underside view of a plate and screw, hereinafter described, and
Figure 6 is an end view of the said plate secured to the table.
Figure 7 is a side view, and
Figure 8, an end view of an adjustable bearing, hereinafter described.
Figure 9 is a side view partly in section and drawn to an enlarged scale of a
self-adjusting hanger and upright shaft carrying the cutters and gauge, hereinafter
described, and
Figure 10 is an end view of the said hanger with mechanism to allow of its self
adjustment combined therewith.
Figure 11 is an end view also drawn to an enlarged scale of an adjustable
hanger, the cutters carried thereby, and other parts, hereinafter described.
Figure 12 is a front view of a machine for dressing the end edges of boxes, and
Figure 13 is a side view of the said machine.
Figure 14 represents in front and end view the plane used in the said machine.
Like letters indicate the same parts throughout the Drawings.
In the trimming machine, illustrated in Figures 1 to 11 of the Drawings,
a represents the frame within suitable bearings a' upon which the shaft bis
supported; this shaft carries the driving pulley c. Motion is given to this pulley c
and the shaft b by a belt c* and pulley arranged upon the driving shaft o* On
the end of the shaft b opposite to that upon which the said driving pulley c is
fixed is another pulley c' attached to the said shaft by a set screw or otherwise.
This pulley gives motion by a belt d' to a pulley & secured upon one end of a
shaft d supported in adjustable hanging bearings e. Each of these bearings is
adjustable in a dovetail groove f¹ in a plate f, which has a lug f' and also lugs f³
to permit it to be bolted to the underside of the table i; each bearing e is
adjustable longitudinally by a set-screw f* passing through the said lug ƒ and
pressing against the lug e¹ on the said bearing. On the shaft d* and at one end of
the frame is a pulley g¹, which supports and gives motion to an endless feed-belt g
passing around another pulley g³ supported in adjustable bearings similar to those
of the pulley g and arranged at the other end of the frame. This endless belt g
has rivetted to it standards or pieces h supporting pushing rollers or pushers h¹ for
pushing forward the boxes or work; these standards and rollers are varied in
number according to the sizes of the boxes to be trimmed.

page_text: The boxes are placed on one end of the table i against the guide and on the
endless belt in front of a pushing roller, and are pushed forward between two
adjustable parallel guide-bars j, j, having curved ends ¹ to permit the easy entrance
and exit of the boxes. These side-bars are supported by adjustable and self-
adjusting bolts j,, passing through the upper ends of standards k, k, l, k¹. These
bolts and parallel side-bars are rendered self adjusting by springs *, *, which tend
to keep the said parallel side-bars pressed against the boxes passing between the
same. The standards k, l, are screwed to the top of the table and the standards k¹, k',
are rendered adjustable by providing the same with slotted bases adapted to
move on ways *, *, screwed to the table and to be secured by thumb-screws ³.
jo represents an adjustable clipper-spring arranged on one or both sides of the
machine and so placed with regard to the cutters as to bear against the edge or
edges of the boxes passing through the machine and prevent the chipping or
splitting of such edge or edges; to the underside of the table i is screwed a plate l,
to which is pivotted a self-adjusting hanger m, which occupies a slightly inclined
position when secured in place. This hanger has bearings m¹, m³, for an upright
shaft n, which revolves at its lower end in a bushing m³, adjustable in the
bearing m² by a set-screw m¹ to raise or lower the said upright shaft. A cap n* on
the spindle n fits over the upper end of the bushing m³ to prevent the lubricant
from escaping during the rapid motion of the shaft n. On this shaft is a pulley n¹,
to which motion is imparted by a cross-belt o' from a pulley o on the driving
shaft o*, supported in suitable bearings adjacent to the frame and operated from a
counter-shaft. On the underside of the table is also screwed a plate p, having
dovetail ways p¹, in which a hanger m* similar to the hanger m is adjustable.
This hanger, like the hanger m, is provided with bearings m³, m³, a bushing, a set-
screw m³, a cap n*, and an upright shaft n, having a pulley n¹, to which motion is
imparted by a cross-belt ¹ from a pulley g on the same driving shaft o* as that
upon which the pulley o is fixed. This hanger m* is adjusted by a hand-wheel
and screw r, the screw passing through a lug p* on the underside of the dovetail
plate and pressing against a lug mo on the hanger m*. This screw is held in any
desired position by a jam-nut r¹. A screw bolt or pin s projecting from the
bearing m¹ of the hanger m passes through a slot 82 in the upper end of a bracket s¹
bolted to the frame. On this bolt between the bearing and the bracket is a spiral
spring s*, which allows the upright shaft n to yield to pressure and also presses it
towards the work. The extent of the lateral movement of the shaft n towards the
box on the table is regulated by the adjustment of the nut 83 so as to prevent the
spring from forcing the said shaft too far forwards. On the upper ends of the
upright shafts n above the table are collars t, on which rest washers or discs t¹,
which have parallel grooves t, t2, cut in their faces to hold the cutters u, u. On
the top of these cutters are washers or discs v, having corresponding grooves v¹, v',
in which the upper edges of the cutters are held. On the shaft n, supported in the
hanger m and on the top of the washer v, rests a loose collar washer-gauge or
disc w.
In the centre of this washer-guage is fitted a loose bushing w¹ projecting
through it and bored to fit the upper end of the upright shaft, on which is a screw-
thread and a nut . This nut, when screwed down upon the bushing w¹, presses it
upon the washer v, and forces and binds the latter, the cutters u, and the washer t¹,
firmly together, whilst leaving the washer-gauge w free to revolve by contact with
the work or boxes. The cutters u are so set as to extend slightly beyond the
periphery of the said washer-gauge w to take as deep a cut as desired, the depth of
the cut being limited or gauged by the said washer-gauge. The upper end of the
upright shaft supported by the hanger m* is unprovided with a washer-gauge, the
screw-nut being screwed directly upon the washer or disc v so as to bind together
the said washer, the cutters u, u, and the washer t¹.
On the bottom of the standards k¹, k¹, is screwed a guide-gauge o parallel with
the feed-belt g. This guide-gauge is shaped as shewn in Figure 4, and is provided
with a groove ko*, within which the projecting edge of the box enters in its passage
through the machine. This guide-gauge must be adjusted to suit the box whose

page_text: side edges are to be trimmed by adjusting the standards k¹, k¹, backward or
forward; the cutters must then be adjusted so as to project slightly through the
said guide-gauge to give any desired depth of cut by adjusting the upright shaft n
by the screw and hand-wheel r. When the boxes to be trimmed or the work is
pushed between the adjustable and self adjusting parallel guides j, and necessarily
between the cutters, the latter trim off any irregularities or projections on the
edges of the bottoms or tops of the boxes as they are presented to the cutters.
I will now proceed to describe the dressing machine, illustrated in Figures 12, 13,
and 14 of the Drawings. In these Figures A, A, represent two planes, each of
which has one or more plane irons or cutters B, B, and is supported in a sliding
frame C working in a supporting frame D. These planes are adjustable in slots in
the sliding frame, and are held in the desired position by screw bolts and nuts E.
The plane-irons are set at an angle to give a draw cut. On the outer edges of the
planes are angle-pieces, projecting ribs, or guides B₁, B', to guide the work. Motion
is given to the sliding frame by a connecting rod F, a crank wheel or disc G, and a
fast pulley H, on a driving shaft I, supported in suitable bearings. Boxes are
dressed by placing them one at a time on the table J end foremost against one plane
and against its guide B', then against the other plane and against its guide until
the end edges are dressed. The details of construction and operation of the said
dressing machine may be varied; for example, the planes may be placed on a table
and by a pusher or feeder, or an endless belt having a pusher, the boxes may be
forced between the planes with a like result. Duplicate planes may be employed
to dress both ends of a box at once.
Having thus fully described the said Invention, as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent, and the manner of performing the same, I wish it understood
that I claim,
First. In a machine for trimming or dressing the edges of wooden boxes or cases
the combination of the endless feed-belt or pusher, the adjustable cutter, the
adjustable guide-gauge, the self adjusting or yielding cutter, and the clipper spring
or springs, or of any of these parts and mechanism for actuating the same, all
substantially as and for the purposes specified.
Second. The combination with the feed-belt or pusher of the self-adjusting
cutter, provided with a loose collar or washer-gauge, the adjustable cutter, and the
adjustable guide-gauge, all substantially as and for the purposes specified.
Third. The combination of the adjustable cutter and the guide-gauge, arranged
and operating substantially as and for the purpose specified.
Fourth. The combination of the self-adjusting guide-bars having curved or
bevelled ends, the pusher, the cutters, and the mechanism for supporting and
actuating the same, all substantially as and for the purposes specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this First day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.