IMPROVEMENTS IN. MOVING OR MECHANICAL GRATES OR FIRE-BARS FOR FURNACES OR OTHER FIRE-PLACES
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Johann Zeh, Head Engineer of the Western
Railway of Austria, residing ordinarily at Vienna, and of No. 16,
Clement's Inn, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN. MOVING OR MECHANICAL GRATES OR FIRE-BARS FOR
FURNACES OR OTHER FIRE-PLACES."
Sealed the 6th December 1864, and dated the 18th October 1864.
COMPLETE. SPECIFICATION filed by the said. Johann Zeb at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and Declaration,
on the 18th October 1864, pursuant to the 9th Section of the Patent
Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL. COME, I, JOHANN
ZEH, Head Engineer of the Western Railway of Austria, residing ordinarily
at Vienna, and of No. 16, Clement's Inn, Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN.
MOVING OR MECHANICAL GRATES OR FIRE-BARS FOR FURNACES OR OTHER FIRE-
PLACES," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me, my executors;
administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the same, and
have made solemn Declaration that I am the true and first Inventor thereof.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Johann Zeh, do hereby declare that
the following Complete Specification under my hand and seal fully describes
and ascertains the nature of the said Invention; and in what manner the same
is to be performed, in and by the following statement and accompanying
Drawings, that is to say:
First, that I make use of the inclined position of the fire-grate and of the
motion of the same to obtain a regular supply of fuel to clear the grate of
ashes and other incombustible matter, and to produce perfect and regular
combustion.
5
Second; that none of the fuel can enter or become engaged between the 1
movable grate and the fixed parts of the fire-place or furnace.
Third, that the fire-bars or grate may be easily removed and replaced.
Fourth, that my grates are applicable to all kinds of fires, and for all kinds
of fuel, if not over large, and that they are very simple and durable.
For the sake of distinctness I have divided the description under the eight 1
following heads:-
1. The inclined position of the grate.
2. The movability of the fire-bars.
3. The regular supply of fuel.
4. The clearing of the grate from ashes and other incombustible matters.
5. The absence of all danger from choking up with the fuel.
6. The easy removal and replacement of the bars.
7. The adaptability of my grates to all kinds of fires and all sorts of fuel.
8. Simplicity and great durability.
2
No. 1. The inclined position of the grate.-The inclination of the fire-grate 2
in the direction. of its length may vary according to circumstances, from 15
to 36 degrees, the thickness of the layer of coal supplied for combustion, and
the rate of movement of the grate being augmented in proportion to the
diminution of the inclination.
No. 2. The movability of the fire-bars or grate.-The grate may be made 3
to move in two ways; first, the grate-bars being made movable, and of a con-
venient form, and lying not longitudinally but transversely across the fire-place,
may be connected with bars or framing, so as to be capable of an oscillatory
motion in the longitudinal direction of the grate; second, the whole fire-grate
may be arranged in such a manner as to move bodily to and fro in the same 3
direction;-these-movements-may-be-produced-manually, or by means of any
kind of power, and may be either regular or irregular, periodical, or, con-
tinuous.

page_text: easily understood it may be here stated that the bottom of the grate is
prolonged towards the front beyond the fire, so as to serve as the bottom or
part of the bottom of a coal box or hopper, which is connected with the fire-
place by means of an opening in the front hearth plate or wall, which can be
increased or diminished so as to regulate the thickness of the layer of coal
supplied to the fire.
When the motion of the fire-grate is from front to
back, and consequently in a downward direction, whatever is placed upon the
bars, will necessarily follow in the same direction, there being no resistance;
but when the movement is in the opposite direction, the fuel which is lying on
the bars will follow the movement through a part of the distance, which
diminishes in proportion to the speed and the inclination of the grate, because
the movement being upwards, resistance takes place from the accumulated
fuel above. Now it is clear that if these motions are repeated, the fuel will
gradually make its way from the coal hopper to the fire, and eventually to the
lowest part of the grate, and that if sufficient fuel be kept in the hopper and
at the upper end of the grate the fire will be supplied in a regular manner
with fuel, and combustion will be perfect, uniform, and economical. In order
that on the movement of the grate backwards and downwards, a portion of
the fuel which lies on the front prolongation of the grate, and which might
possibly be detained by the weight of the incumbent coal in the hoppe., or
by friction in the opening, may without fail follow the motion of the grate,
the front portion of the fire-bars has a slight extra elevation, and by this
means it is clear that a portion of the fuel must follow the motion and reachi
the fire by the reverse or upward motion of the grate; the fuel is retained on
the prolongation of the grate by that which lies over it in the coal hopper, the
grate will continue its movement under the fuel, and the space will be stuffed
with coal. I declare, however, that the extra elevation described is not
absolutely necessary, and may be omitted in many cases.
No. 4. The clearing of the grate or fire-bars from asbes and other in-
combustible matters.-As all objects lying upon the grate must eventually
arrive by its motion at the furthest and lowest part of it, it is clear that the
bars are continually freed from ash and other matters, and which would
collect at that point were not a receptacle provided for them, from which they
are removed at intervals. This space is closed by doors or other arrange-
ment, and also by the accumulated ashes, and it is only when it is opened for
the purpose of clearing it that air can possibly pass through it into the
fire-place.
No. 5. The absence of all danger from choking up with fuel.-In order to
prevent this, which would be a great inconvenience, the ends of the fire-bars

page_text: or the sides of the fire-grate when movable in one are furnished with pro-
longations, which pass over or under the fixed sides of the fire-place, in such
manner that only a small and uniform distance is maintained between them,
and no space left to allow the fuel to get in between.
No. 6. The easy removal and replacement of the bars.-In order that any
of the fire-bars may be easily taken out and replaced, they are placed in
frames or supports independent of the hearth plates or grate frame, and
secured by means of bolts or pins in a convenient manner; or in the case of
large furnaces the frames are fixed on a carriage with wheels that run on
rails_or_ledges,_and_the_bars_are_fixed_in_like_manner. _ If_the_grate_is
movable as a whole, the connection with the fire-place is made by means of
grate supports, which are so arranged that the whole of the fire-grate can be
moved to and fro. In large furnaces the grate supports.can.also be set upon
a frame which runs on wheels, and may be fixed or fastened in a convenient
manner to the fire-place or the hearth plate. It will be clear from the preceding
that the grate or bars can at any time be easily removed and replaced, being
.connected with the fire-place only by means of bolts or pins, or with a
movable frame connected with the fire-place or hearth. plate. However, I
declare that the movable bars may also be fixed upon supports or frames
which aro solidly connected with the fire-place or hearth plate, as the easy
removal of the bars or fire-grate is only of importance in case of the necessity
for repairs without waiting for the cooling of the-furnace.
No: 7 The adaptability of my grates to all kinds of fires, and all sorts, of
fuel. The conditions of complete combustion for all kinds of fuel, under all
circumstances, are always the same, viz.:-
First, the regular supply of such an amount of fuel as is just sufficient. to
replace the consumption by burning.
Second, the equal covering of the grate in order that no surplus air may
enter the fire-place.
Third, the securing sufficient air for the purposes of combustion.
. Fourth, the clearance of the fire-bars from ashes and other incombustible
matter...
Fifth, sufficient heat in the fire-place, with sufficient draught.
As in my grates all these conditions are present, they are applicable to
every mode of firing where sufficient draught can be obtained.
No. 8. Simplicity and great durability.These grates are really simple,
because by the motion and inclination described all the requisites of complete
combustion are obtained, and because they are, not encumbered by any
unnecessary machinery. They are durable, because those movable parts

page_text: which are exposed to the heat are disposed in such a manner as not to suffer.
injury, because the machinery necessary for the movement of the grate is
placed beyond the reach of the fire, and because the grate is less exposed to
wear than in many other furnaces and fire-places, as the grate is always kept
clear, and the bars and other parts are thus cooled by the current of air.
.
Difference between this and other movable grátes.-My grates differ from
other sloping grates in this, that the inclination can be so arranged that there
is no falling of the fuel towards the lower part. Whatever be the nature of
the fuel used it moves onwards only according to the motion of the grate itself.
The peculiarity in the movement consists partly as follows:-In the case
of my separately moving] bars, the bars themselves move in their places
only, and not out of them. The bars are not placed in the inclined position
of the plane of the grate longitudinally, but transversely; and the fire-grate is
moved to and fro in the longitudinal direction.
The other distinctive features of my Invention are, the prolongation of the
grate or fire-bars, as already referred to. The arrangement to prevent the
choking which might be caused by the fuel and the feeding the fire, not. by
band but by the motion of the grate itself in its inclined position; that by this
motion the fuel advances regularly, and is continually changing its position
and presenting new surfaces to the fire, which is necessary for perfect com-
bustion; and, lastly, that the fire-bars can easily be taken out and replaced,
and that the fire-places are adapted for any kind of fuel.
My mechanical grates may be advantageously affixed to ordinary fire-places,
in order to keep the fire open and free from dust and ashes; and I claim this
application of my Invention. In the case of the motion being given to the
entire fire-grate as a whole the motion may be arranged to take place in a

page_text: Fig. 4.
10. Front wall of fire-place and part of the coal hopper a in Fig. 2,
double the size. 11. Section on the line K, L, Fig. 10. 12. 12 other
forms of grate-bars. 13, 14, 15. Middle posts. 16. Part of Fig. 4, several
grate-bars connected with a plate. 17, 18. Utensils necessary for the grates.
Sheet H., Figure No. 19. Part of a grate with different arrangement, and
united motion of the fire-bars. 20. Top view of Fig. 19, the lower part
shewing the grate only. 21, 22, 23, 24, 25. Sections on the lines A, B, C, D,
E, F, G, H, and I, J, Fig. 19. 26. Part of a grate, with different arrangement
and motion of the fire-bars. 27. Top view of Fig. 26. 28, 29. Sections on
the lines K, L, and M, N, Fig. 26. 30. Part of a grate, with bearings of
fire-bars like Fig. 4, with different motion. 31. Top view of Fig. 30.
32, 33. Sections on the lines O, P, and Q, R, Fig. 30. 34. Arm of counter-
poise of Figs. 30, 31. :35. Guide rails of Figs. 30, 31. 36. Diagram of
rotation of motion wheel of Fig. 19.
-Sheet II. Figure 37. Part of a grate, with united motion of the fire-bars.
38. Top view of Fig. 37. The lower portion shows the grate alone; the coal
hopper and front wall of fire-place being omitted. 39, 40, 41, and 42. Sec-
tions on the lines A, B, C, D, E, F, and G, H, Fig. 37. 43. Part of a
grate, with united motion of fire-bars, with bars of a different form and grate
bearing, and with other motion as in Fig. 37. 44. Top view of Fig. 43, the
coal hopper and front of fire-place omitted. 45, 46, 47, and 48. Sections
on the lines I, J, K, L, M, N, and O, P, Fig. 43. 49. Diagram of rotation
of motion wheel Fig. 37. 50. Ditto of rotation of motion shaft Fig. 43.
Sheet IV. Figure 51. Application of a grate, with united motion of the
fire-bars. 52. Top view of same. 53. Front view of ditto, the fire-bars and.
bearers omitted. 54. Section on the line G, H, Fig. 51, the fire-bars,
bearers, and cinder chest omitted. 55. Top view of a part of the grate
and of the hearth plate Fig, 51, increased four times, but with different
fire-bars. The lower part represents the grate frame, with the bars in place.
56. Section of the preceding. 57. Front view of the same, the coal hopper
omitted. 58, 59, and 60. Sections on the lines A, B, C, D, and E, F,
Fig. 56, 61, 62, 63. Other forms of grate bearers. 64. Fire-bars of
Fig. 51, magnified four times in width, but not in the length.
Sheet V., Figure 65.-Grate with cross-lying and moving fire-bars for a
locomotive or other boiler with fire-box. 66. Front view of Fig. 65, the
fire-bars omitted.. 67. Top view of Fig. 65, the boiler and fire-bars omitted.
68. Part of Fig. 65, double size. 69. Front view of Fig. 68, fire-bars
omitted. 70 and 71. Sections on the lines A, B, and C, D, Fig. 68.
72. Part of Fig. 65, double size. 73. Front view of Fig. 72, fire-bars

page_text: omitted. 74 and 75. Sections on the lines E, F, and G, H, Fig. 72.
76. Section and view of an opening into the fire-box, Figs. 65 and 68, for
observing the fire. 77. The grate, Fig. 65, with different means of motion.
78. Section on the line I, J, Fig. 77, twice the size. 79. Section of a grate
in which the fire-bars are supported in the middle, intended to show that they
may be supported in one or more places as well as at the ends. 80. Valves
or traps for regulating the thickness of the layer of coal on the bars.
Sheet VI., Figure 81.-Grate with movable cross fire-bars for a marine
boiler with two furnaces. 82. Front view of Fig. 81; the grate is drawn
out on the right side. 83. Top view of Fig. 81; the boiler in section on the
lines O, P, and Q, R, the fire-bars omitted. 84 to 90. Sections on the lines
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, and M, N, Fig. 81.
DESCRIPTION OF THE VARIOUS PARTS OF THE DRAWINGS.
a represents the coal hopper; a', the bottom of the same; a", space
between the bottom of the hopper and the top fire-bar; b, the furnace or fire-
box.; b, opening between a and b in the front wall of the furnace; c, the
ash conduit; c', slider to ditto; d, ash-pit or space beneath the fire; e, cheeks'
or furnace frames; e, guide rail for the removal of the entire grate of the
furnace; e, socket for the lower bearing ; ³, socket for the upper
bearing 2; c, elevation one serving as a sideway guide for the fire-grate;
, projection on e for ; f, hearth plate by which the area of the fire-bars is
covered at the sides in order that the whole grate or any of the bars may be
removed; f', slots in f to allow for expansion; g, front wall of the fire-place;
g', angle iron on g for the fastening of a, and as a guide to h; g, screws for
the fastening of a; h, trap or slide for regulating the thickness of the layer of
coal; h', screw fixed to the plate h; the portion of the screw beyond the plate
indicates the thickness of the layer of fuel; 2, slots in h for expansion;
i, bridge for the clinkers and cinders; j, fire-bridge; k, cinder-box; l, screws
for fastening the fire-bars to the hearth plate; m, frames for carrying the fire-
bars; m, pins to connect m with the parts of motion; n, connecting links
for m; n, projections on n for the support of the fire-bars on the under side;
, ditto for the upper side; o, motion rods; p, connecting rods; 2, q', motion
shafts; r, fire-bars;, prolongation of the first fire-bar; 7, prolongation of
the last fire-bar; 73, projection on fire-bars for keeping them at proper dis-
tance from each other; s, guides; t, levers or motion rods; ", cam for
moving t;, pin in for the cam ; &, rod for moving t; u, pillar or
support; u, projection on u for limiting the motion; v, counterpoise; v', arm
of counterpoise; w, pulley; a, grate bearer; a, projection on a serving as

page_text: T
REFERENCE TO THE DRAWINGS.
Figures No. 1 to 36 illustrate grates with cross fire-bars having an
oscillating or vibratory motion either continuous or intermittent, and worked
by straps and pulleys.
3
Figs. 1, 2, 3, represent a grate applied to a steam boiler. The flame is
supposed to pass in the first instance from through the flue to the back of
the boiler, then dividing itself, returns on both-sides-of-the-boiler-to-the-front,
and again uniting near the lower part, passes again along the bottom to the
chimney. It being understood that if the boiler is of a different form, or if
the flame is desired to pass in another manner, or to be used for other pur-
poses, such as the superheating of the boiler,, the masonry must be otherwiso
arranged, so that this form of grate is applicable to other furnaces as well as
those of steam boilers. The grate consists of the following main pieces:-
First, the fire-bars or grate itself; second; the machinery to give the move-
ment; third, the hearth frame; fourth, the coal hopper; fifth, the ash
conduit.
First, the grate or fire-bars.-The fire-grate is composed of the parts r, m,
n, o, p, shown in Figs. 4, 5, on a large scale. The fire-bars r, r, rest on the
fixed pieces m, m, Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, and are, moved by the rods or
levers o. The movement of the fire-bars r, r, Fig. 4, is continuous and
oscillating, as seen by the parts of motion. The fire-grate is shown, by itself
in Fig. 5, some of the bars being omitted. The projections n¹, n², of n,
Figs. 5, 7, 9, serve to connect the grate with e or with the hearth, the pro-
jections n lying in the openings e³, Figs. 4, 5, 7, where they are fixed,. and
the projections n³ falling into the grooves e, which are so made along the
whole length of the grate as to permit the expansion and contraction of the
fire-bars. To remove the fire-grate, the connection with the parts of motion.
is severed by the screws 1, 1, being loosened, and the grate being drawn
forward, whereby the projections n³ come out of the sockets e³ and out of the
slots e, and lie on the guide rail e'.
Figs. 81, 82, represent an arrangement whereby large, and heavy grates
are placed on a frame provided with wheels, and which can be drawn along
like a carriage. In the Figure the arrangement is applied to a marine boiler,
but it can be applied equally well in the same manner to other kinds of
furnaces; the wheels run upon the guide rails e, Fig. 1, and the pro-.
jections n' are not required. The projections 2 may serve to fix the fire-

page_text: grate and the traversing frame to the hearth plate or cheeks, only the slots
for the projections n must in that case be parallel to the guide rails e³, so as
not to hinder the forward movement of the grate. The fire-bars 7 are in all
the Figures where they lie across the fire-place of the same size and form,
and placed equi-distantly with the exception of the two bars at the ends,
therefore the air passages are equal to each other. If it is desired to leave
less space between the front bars in order that the fuel may not fall through,
and at the same time to leave sufficient room for the ashes to fall through
and for air to pass in towards the back of the fire-grate, then, the heads of
may be made unequal accordingly, or the bars may be placed at varying
distances apart; and in Figs. 12, 12, is shewn an arrangement for very small
fuel, in which no space is left between the front bars.
Fig. 16' shows an arrangement for preventing the fuel falling down on the
upper part of the grate, a plato being substituted for the front fire-bars. In
order to prevent this plate from becoming warped, it may be made in several
pieces with links or straps at the back, Figs. 38, 44, to allow for expansion and
contraction, and one or more stays may be applied, as in the case of the fire;
bars, Figs. 13, 14, 15. These stays lie on the shafts or connecting rods n
and by means of the slots support the fire-bars at the side, Figs. 13, 14; on
the lower shafts the stays are free to allow of their expansion and contraction,
and they are held up by the shafts n. The distances between the fire-bars
may be maintained by, means of the projections 3, Figs. 13, 15; and if the
back links or straps are used, as before described, they will not hinder the
motion of the bars. The first or upper fire-bar rises above the rest and forms
the easel-like elevation already described. The prolongations of the first
and of the last fire-bar correspond with the distance through which the
grate moves and the connection between the moyable and fixed parts remains
always the same, consequently no squeezing in or choking up with the fuel
can happen. The prolongation ¹ passes under the coal hopper and the pro-
longation under the cinder conduit i, Figs. 4, 5.
connected with the
The shaft q is con-
Second, the motion and its machinery.The parts
movement of the fire-grate are marked 2, 2', s, t, u, w.
nected with the rods m, and communicates motion by means of the lever
piece q and the studs q³, Figs. 4, 5, 6, to the rods o, and through these to tho
fire-bars; on one side of q is fixed the arm or lever t, Figs. 4, 5, 6, connected
s with g. The pillar or support u, Figs. 4, 5, for q' is fixed on the side.or
cheek e; on the outer end of q', Figs. 4, 5, is fixed the pulley.w, to which.
movement is communicated by a strap. It may, however, be observed, that
as the movement of the fire-grate and of the shaft q' is but small, it would
by

page_text: be more advantageous to give, the motion by gearing than immediately by
strap and pulley, and the turbine would be best suited for the purpose. The
movement becomes less when the inclination of the fire-grate is increased, or
a thicker layer of fuel is required; and when the movements are not con-
tinuous but periodical, they are fewer and quicker, as is shown is Figs. 19, 36,
37, 49. The movement may be given manually, in which case either the
shaft g, Figs. 1, 4, is the used, or the arm t is so formed and placed as to be
convenient to the hand, see Fig. 51. The counterpoise v, Figs. 1, 4, 5,
serves to keep the proper balance of the fire-grate in all positions; and so
arranged that it can be removed with case, see Figs. 4, 5, 6.
Third, the hearth or furnace frame. The parts of the frame are marked
with the letters e, f, g, i; these are fixed together in any convenient manner.
To prevent warping or buckling, the slots f, Fig. 5, are provided, or as in
Fig. 20, the plates or frames are in several pieces, so disposed that the spaces
marked fremain between them, to allow for the expansion of f. The cinder
bridge i, of any convenient form, is fixed on f, and is-in several pieces to allow
for expansion. In Figs. 4, 5, 9, 19, 20, and 25, i is supposed to. consist of
two parts connected by screws with f. The bridge i connects the fire-grate
with the cinder conduit c. By means of the front wall or plate g, Figs. 1, 2,
3, 4, 5, 10, 11, and 16, the coal hopper a is united with the combustion
chamber, and the opening in g is for the passage of the coal from a to b.
:
Fourth, the coal hopper. The hopper consists of the sides a, a, the
bottom a, and the sliding plate h. The manner of fixing the hopper a to the.
front wall of the combustion chamber g is shown in Figs. 10 and 11; and for
this purpose two angle pieces g³ are attached to g, and serve at the same time
as guides for the sliding plate h. The two screws 9³, Figs. 10, 11, serve to
fix a; this may be done in any other convenient manner, provided always.
that a may be easily removed. To prevent the buckling of the slide h; it is
pierced, as already 'described, for other parts, or it may be made in two parts,
so that if the lower part be injured it can be easily removed, as shown in
Fig. 80. By means of the plate h the thickness of the layer of coal supplied
to the furnace is regulated, so that it is made to be easily adjusted to various.
heights. For this purpose a screw is provided, see Figs. 1, 2, 3, 10, 51, 52,
53, 65, 66, 81, 82; the upper and projecting portion of this screw h shows
the thickness of the layer of coal allowed for combustion. The lower end of
-the-slide-h-must never touch the fire-bars, or it would be injured by the move-
-ments of the grate. In Figs. 2, 10, 65, 66, 80, 81, 82, h is provided with
two horns, which, before the lower edge of the slide touches the fire-bars,
strike in the top of the angle pieces, between which the slide moves.
In

page_text: Figs. 51, 52, 53, a stud is applied to the other end of the screw for the same
purpose. The coal hopper a, the slide h, and the opening in the wall plate g
are rather wider than the fire-bars, and the sliding plate is somewhat curved
below, see Fig. 10; the object of this is that the sides of the grate may be
well supplied with fuel. The bottom a¹ of a is so arranged that, a narrow
opening a², Figs. 4, 16, 19, 26, 30, exists between the bottom and 2 to show
if the fuel has become jammed in the hopper, as if so the fire would shine
through the opening a. The small instrument, Fig. 17, will loosen the coal
in the hopper; the hopper and slide differ from others in use, in being wider
than the fire-bars in the curvature of the lower edge of the slide plate, and
also with respect to the opening a² in the bottom part of the hopper.
Fifth, the cinder conduit.-The space c for cinders and other incombustible
matter, seen in Figs. 1, 2, 3, is formed partly of masonry and partly by the
framing of the hearth, and can be closed by a slider c'; this slider moves in
a frame fixed on the hearth frame or in the masonry. When the slider c' is
pulled out by means of the hook, Fig. 18, all that is contained in the conduit
falls into the ash-pit, or into a truck k, Fig. 1, which is drawn out by means
of the hook. It is advantageous to make the cinder conduit large so that it
may not require to be frequently emptied.
2°
Figs. 19 to 25 represent part of a grate with fire-bars resting on the
frames m, in such a manner as to be moved by the bars o in an oscillating
manner. This movement takes place at intervals by means of the wheel y,
Figs. 19 and 20, into which the cam t works, Figs. 19, 20, 21, the move-
ment being communicated through the arm t, the shaft q, and the rods o to
the fire-bars. The shaft g acts on the frames m.; no counterpoise is here
required. The motion rods o, Figs. 19, 20, 21, 24, connect the shaft q and
the first grate bar.
'
Fig. 36 is a diagram of the upper side of the motion wheel y, Fig. 19.
The central line shows the middle position of the fire-bars; the length of this:
line indicates the time for one rotation of y, and the black line the movement
of the upper part of the fire-bars during that time, by which it is evident that
the bars are at rest during two-thirds of the period. In Fig. 26 the fire-
bars are like those in Fig. 19. The motion is transmitted from the crank q
by the rods s, o, to ; the motion is continuous, as shown in Fig. 50. The
pillars or supports u are in this case fixed to the hearth plate f. In order to
prevent the fire-bars, Figs. 19, 26, warping, they, may be supported in one or
more places as well as at the ends; in Fig. 70 they are supported in the
centre.
. In Fig. 30 the fire-bars are formed and supported in the same manner as

page_text: in Fig. 4, and have a continuous motion given to them by the crank shaft 9;
the counterpoises vare shown in red, and in Fig. 34 is the bearing v¹ for tho
counterpoise and its application. The removal of the fire-bars in Figs. 19,
26, 30, is effected in the same manner as is explained under Figs. 4, 5.
Figs. 37 to 64 represent grates with the whole of the fire-bars moved as
one by belts or by hand. The fire-bars are fixed on the frames m, in such
manner that they cannot move independently. In Fig. 37, this arrangement
is shown with three fire-bars in section, and Fig. 41, is a view of the same.
The bars m and n-are-joined-together, and form a frame for the fire-bars, and
the.whole is supported beneath by the standards a, Figs. 37, 38, 42; and
above by the shaft q, by means of the pins m', Figs. 37, 38, 39; q and a are.
fixed at the side at, Figs. 37, 38, 39, 42. The upper portion of the grate
in. Figs. 37 and 38, consists of plates rather than of bars, no interstices being
left, but the lower part consists of bars of the usual form as in the case of.
grates in which the whole of the fire-bars move as one, bars may be of any
förm desired: The motion of the fire-grate, Fig. 27, is produced by w, q, y,
9, and is intermittent; as shown by the diagram, Fig. 49, in which the black.
line indicates the movement of the grate, and the length of the line the time
for a rotation of the wheel y, the grate remains half the time at rest and half.
in motion. When the grate is to be removed it is supported at the upper end
while the pins m³, Figs. 37, 38, 39, are taken out, the wheel y being thus
thrown out of gear, the point t, Figs. 37, 39, and the cam t are then taken.
out, the screw 1, Figs. 37, 38, loosened, the counterpoises v removed, and the.
shaft q, Figs. 37, 38, 39, detached, when the grate can be drawn forward, the
projecting pieces of the shaft n lying on the guide rail e, Figs. 37, 38, 40.
The fire-bars in Figs. 43 to 48 are supported in the middle as well as at the
ends, and here again may be seen the arrangements for preventing their be-
coming crooked. The fire-grate in Figs. 42, 44, is composed in front of plates
rather than of fire-bars, the interstices being covered by the edges of the bars
or plates next above; the last bar or plate stands above the rest, its prolonged s
part passing beyond the ash conduit i, thus preventing the fuel or other
matters getting in between. The framing for the bars is supported at its-upper:
and-lower-ends by the bearers, Figs: 43, 44, 47, and the sides of these
supports are fixed in, but are easily removed. The grate-receives its motion
from the crank shaft q, by means of the rods s; and this motion is continuous
as shown in diagram Fig. 50. To remove the grate, the pins m³, Figs. 43, 44,
46, are taken out, the counterpoises withdrawn, and the grate drawn forward;
when the upper portion will rest on the bar connecting the grate bearers a and
the lower with the projections n', Fig. 44, upon the guide rail e. The upper

page_text: supports or pillars a are then removed and the grate drawn out. The replace-
ment of any of the fire-bars themselves is easily understood without further
explanation. It will be well to apply counterpoises v in the case of grates.in
which the whole series of bars move together. In the case of large heavy.
grates the bearers may be laid upon a frame with wheels, when the whole
grate may be drawn forward. A drawing of this is unnecessary, as any
competent person could construct such a grate with the aid of Figs. 81, 82.
Fig. 51 represents the application and use of the hopper a in connection
with a series of fire-bars moving altogether, with proper combustion chamber.
and parts of motion. The flame and heat produced in such.a furnace may be
applied to, various purposes, such as the warming of buildings or for caloric
engines, the flame being conducted from the furnace into a chamber or pipe;
for other purposes the flame and caloric may be conducted in the direction of
either the black or the red arrows in Fig. 51, or in that of the blue.arrows in
Fig. 54. It being understood that no air, be allowed to enter between tho
furnace and the apparatus or engine to be heated.. The ash conduit c ends
in a closed chest or receptacle, and this ash chest can be emptied from time to:
time.
:
.
--
Figs. 55 to 60 represent a part of the grate Fig. 51, enlarged fourfold. The
fire-bars in these Figures have a different form than those in Fig. 51, repre-
sented in Fig. 64, four times the size; these form plates at the upper part of the
grate, steps in the middle, and bars with interstices between in the lower portion
being arranged. thus for burning very small fuel. The fire-bars are so arranged:
in a frame m.that they can expand and contract freely, the lower side of the bars;
r, Fig. 56 being made, as before described with that object. The frame my
consists of one piece and is supported upon the grate bearers, and these. again;
at the lower end are fixed in, the grate is moved. by the crank shaft.q,
and the rods s, the bearings u for are fixed on f, and the movement is by
manual power, and is limited by the projections U on U, Figs. 55, 56, 57.;
the grate is supported at the sides by the projections a³, of the grate supports:
a. When the grate has to be removed, the pin m', Figs. 55, 56, 57, must. be
taken out, and the entire grate drawn forward till a lies.close to the projections
, Figs. 55, 56, 57, the grate is then raised up in front, the front bearer a re-
moved, and the grate lifted off the back grate bearer a, the projections e pre-
venting the bearers a falling when the grate is removed.
Fig. 61 represents arched grate bearers standing on their edges, the grate
resting on the arched portion.
Fig 69 renresents grate hearers rounded above and below.

page_text: Fig. 63 represents another kind of grate bearers. They may be made of
any convenient, form, and where the fire-grate is long it may be supported by
several bearers..
Figs: 65 to 80 represent the application and working of a grate for a
locomotive boiler.. The fire-bars are here supposed to be arranged as in
Fig. 19, and are moved by three rods o, Figs. 73, 74. The arm t of the shaft g,
Figs. 65 to 70, is directed upwards, and is moved by the connecting rod to,
which in its turn is moved by a small piston, but it can also be worked in the
usual manner. To remove the grate, the armt of must be disengaged, and
the screws, Figs. 65, 68, 69, relaxed, when the grate can be drawn forwards,
and the projections n' on n, Fig. 75, will rest upon the guide rail e', and then
the grate is drawn upwards-from-below the boiler. The guide rail e' is fixed
on the boiler and prolonged as seen in Figs. 65, 68. The angle iron f,
Figs 65 to 79, is fixed on the boiler, and attaches the side walls of the
coal hopper a to the boiler in the furnace 6; this angle or frame piece covers
the sides of the fire-grate, and prevents it or any of the separate bars being
lifted up..
"
In broad furnaces it would be advantageous to have a water wall along the
middle, and thus to have two narrow grates. The coal hopper a has a
partition wall in the middle, which supports the. lower part of the hopper, so
that when the hopper is full of coals the bottom of it may not rest on the top
fire-bar. The sides of the hopper a are fixed partly on the boiler, partly on f,
and the bottom a¹ can be easily removed. The ash conduit c is closed by the
valve c and may be easily removed. The fire-bridge ; formed of fire-clay
protects the space' c from the heat, and prevents cold air entering the tubes
when the space c is open."
Figs. 77, 78, represent a fire-grate, which is moved like that in Fig. 26.
The movement of w may be given by the axle of the machine or of the tender,
or.by means of a small steam engine....
.
Figure 65 exhibits the application of the grate to locomotives or to similar
boilers applied to stationary engines; only, if there be no platform to the
boiler the guide rail may project horizontally instead of upwards, and in this
case a fire-grate fixed upon a frame with wheels, as in Fig. 81 is applicable;
grates like those represented in Figs. 4, 16, 37, 43, 55, can also be used in
such cases.
Figs: 81 to 90 represent a grate for a marine boiler. The fire-bars are
supposed to be formed and fixed as in Fig 4. The rod t of the shaft-q
Figs 81, 82, is directed upwards, and moved by the rod 3, which may be

page_text: connected with the engine or any other motor. The fire-bars are placed with
the bars m upon the frame e, but only fixed at the upper end-so as to allow
for expansion. The wheels of the framie' c repose upon guide rails c¹ fixed on
the boiler, the projections n² of the bar n serve to fix the fire-grate to the
frame on the boiler. The same fit into the openings e³, Figs. 81, 82, 85, 90,
and are held fast by the screws l. To withdraw the frame with the fire-grate, c¹
is prolonged, the screws are relaxed, and the rod t³, Figs. 81, 82, disengaged
from the arm t, whereupon the frame can be drawn forward. The angle
iron f, Figs. 81, 82, 83, 87, is fixed along the boiler, and its prolongation
serves to fix the sides of the coal hopper a. In the furnace 6 this angle iron
covers the ends of the fire-bars, and prevents them from lifting up. The sides
of the coal hopper are fixed partly on the boiler and partly on f, and the
bottom a', Figs. 81, 82, 83, is here arranged so
The ash conduit is closed by a slider or valve c*.
by means of the hook, Fig. 18, all that is in
truck, which runs upon ledges, and is easily removed.. The bridge j of
fire-clay serves to keep the heat from c.
as to be removed with ease..
On this valve being opened
the conduit c falls into the
Grates and furnaces like those represented in Figs. 19, 37, 43, 55, may also
be applied to marine boilers.
THE LIGHTING AND MANAGEMENT OF THE FURNACES...
The grate must be freed from all ash clinkers, &c. with the instrument.
Fig. 18, before lighting the fire, the refuse being pushed into the ash
conduit c, and afterwards removed. The fire-bars are then to be completely
covered with fuel, either by means of the instrument, Fig. 18, or by moving
the grate to and fro manually; the mass is then to be ignited and the motion
continued. Whether the movements are too many or too few, and whether
the layer of coal is too thick or too thin for such motion will be casily seen by
the light beneath the fire-bars. If the spaces between the lower fire-bars
are not lighted up, that is, not covered with incandescent fuel, then the motion
is too great, or the layer of coal on the upper bars too thick; if the upper
bars are not illuminated, then the motions are too few, and the layer of coal
is too thin or the fuel has become jammed in the hopper a, which can bo
ascertained by looking through the aperture a². The motion and the thick-
ness of the layer of coal are both then to be regulated so that all parts of the
fire-grate from the top bar to the bottom shall be covered with burning fuel.
With respect to the dimensions of the grates it should be mentioned that
they should be as long in proportion to their width as circumstances will
permit.

page_text: What I claim as iny. Invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent, are.
the improvements in the arrangement of sloping fire-grates and their
accessories, and in the methods of giving motion to the grates, as herein-
before described.
In witness whercof, I, the said Johann Zeb, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Tenth day of October, in the year of our Lord'
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.-