IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR ROASTING COFFEE, AND FOR COOLING IT WHEN ROASTED
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ebenezer Boyes, of Mark Lanc, in the City of
London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS
FOR ROASTING COFFEE, AND FOR COOLING IT WHEN ROASTED."
Sealed the 11th August 1871, and dated the 25th February 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ebenezer Boyes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th February 1871.
I, EBENEZER BOYES, of Mark Lanc, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR
APPARATUS FOR ROASTING COFFEE, AND FOR COOLING IT WHEN ROASTED," to be as
follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in means or apparatus
for roasting coffee, and for cooling the same when roasted. For this
purpose I arrange the roasting and cooling apparatus in connection with
each other, so that when the roasting process has been completed the
cylinder is as heretofore removed from the fire, and according to my
Invention, emptied into the cooling vessel or hopper, where it is, without
further removal, at once acted upon by lifting boards, vanes, or agitators,
.

page_text: to facilitate the circulation of a blast of cold air amongst the hot
berries.
The cylinder, according to my Invention, is provided with tubes
passing from end to end thereof, which tubes are open at each end in a
similar manner to those of a tubular boiler to permit of the heat and
products of combustion passing into and through such tubes, and I
sometimes connect with such tubes other tubes passing to the periphery
of the cylinder.
And in order to apply heat equally to the ends and underneath the
cylinder I arrange the furnace so that fire shall play on the ends as well
as below the cylinder. The mode in which I prefer however to carry
this part of my Invention into effect is to provide a fire at each end
and one below the cylinder. The furnace is provided with a suitable
fluc or flucs, and damper or dampers, to regulate the draft of the fire or
fires.
My Invention also relates to an improved mode of unlocking and
opening the sliding door or cover of the cylinder, so as quickly to
discharge the coffee therefrom when roasted into the cooling vessel or
hopper. For this purpose I employ a sliding bolt having a projection
therefrom, which (when the cylinder is removed from the furnace and
placed over the cooling portion of the apparatus, and a rocking motion
imparted thereto) comes into contact with an incline fixed to a sliding
bar carried by the cooling hopper or vessel, so as to push the bolt back
and release the sliding door or cover, which is also provided with a stud
or projection in position to come into contact with a stud or projection,
also carried by the before-mentioned sliding bar, so as to push the
sliding door or cover fully open. These motions are given to the bolt
and to the sliding door or cover as the cylinder is caused to rock in the
one direction, but in order to release the two studs last mentioned from
each other just before the door is pushed fully back against its frame,
another stud is caused to act on another incline to move the sliding bar
endwise, and thereby to carry the inclines and stud or projection on the
sliding bar out of the way of the studs or projections on the sliding bolt,
and on the door or cover, when the cylinder will be free to revolve
without such parts coming into contact with each other. An incline
carried by the frame supporting the cylinder acts upon the sliding bar to
place it in correct position for again acting upon the bolt and sliding
cover or door.

page_text: The hopper of the cooling apparatus is provided with bearings to carry
the shaft of the lifting boards, vanes, or agitators, and is made with
suitable fastenings or catches, so that it may be readily connected or
disconnected with its standard or frame for the purpose of raising it to
empty the contents therefrom when cooled, and of fixing it again in
position to receive the hot coffee berries from the cylinder. Suitable
gearing is employed to communicate motion to the roasting cylinder and
to the agitators in the cooling vessel, as will be well understood.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Ebenezer Boyes in the Great Scal Patent Office on
the 25th August 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EBENEZER
BOYES, of Mark Lanc, in the City of London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the
thirty-fourth year of ler reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Ebenezer Boycs, Her special
licence that I, the said Ebenezer Boyes, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Ebenezer Boyes, my exccutors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and, Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR ROASTING COFFEE, AND FOR COOLING IT WHEN ROASTED,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I,. the said Ebenezer Boyes,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Ebenezer Boyes, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be

page_text: performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
.following statement, that is to say :-
The Invention has for its object improvements in means or apparatus for
roasting coffee, and for cooling the same when roasted. For this purposo
I arrange the roasting and cooling apparatus in connection with each
other, so that when the roasting process has been completed the cylinder
is, as heretofore, removed from the fire, and according to my Invention
emptied into the cooling vessel or hopper, where it is, without further
removal, at once acted upon by lifting boards, vanes, or agitators to
facilitate the circulation of a blast of cold air amongst the hot berrics.
The cylinder, according to my Invention, is provided with tubos
passing from end to end thereof, which tubes are open at each end in a
similar manner to those of a tubular boiler to permit of the heat and
products of combustion passing into and through such tubes; and I
connect with such tubes other tubes passing to the periphery of the
cylinder.
And in order to apply heat equally to the ends and underneath tho
cylinder I arrange the furnace so that fire shall play on the ends as well
as below the cylinder. The mode in which I prefer, however, to carry
this part of my Invention into effect is, to provide a fire at each end and
one below the cylinder. The furnace is provided with a suitable flue or
flues and damper or dampers to regulate the draft of the fire or fires.
My Invention also relates to an improved mode of unlocking and
opening the sliding door or cover of the cylinder so as quickly to dis-
charge the coffee therefrom when roasted into the cooling vessel or
hopper. For this purpose I employ a sliding bolt having a projection
therefrom, which (when the cylinder is removed from the furnace and
placed over the cooling portion of the apparatus, and a rocking motion
imparted thereto) comes into contact with an incline fixed to a sliding
bar carried by the cooling hopper or vessel, so as to push the bolt back
and release the sliding door or cover, which is also provided with a stud
or projection in position to come into contact with a stud or projection
also carried by the before-mentioned sliding bar, so as to push the
sliding door or cover fully open. These motions are given to the bolt
and to the sliding door or cover as the cylinder is caused to rock in the
one direction; but in order to release the two studs last mentioned from
each other just before the door is pushed fully back against its frame
another stud is caused to act on another incline to move the sliding bar

page_text: endwise, and thereby to carry the inclines and stud or projection on the
sliding bar out of the way of the studs or projections on the sliding
bolt and on the door or cover, when the cylinder will be free to revolve
without such parts coming into contact with each other. An incline
carried by the frame supporting the cylinder acts upon the sliding bar
to place it in correct position for again acting upon the bolt and sliding
cover or door.
The hopper of the cooling apparatus is provided with bearings to carry
the shaft of the lifting boards, vanes, or agitators, and is made with
suitable fastenings or catches, so that it may be readily connected or
disconnected with its standard or frame for the purpose of raising it to
empty the contents therefrom when cooled, and of fixing it again in
position to receive the hot coffee berries from the cylinder. Suitable
gearing is employed to communicate motion to the roasting cylinder
and to the agitators in the cooling vessel, as will be well understood.
And in order that my said Invention may be more clearly understood
and readily carried into effect I will proceed, aided by the accompanying
Drawings more fully to describe the same

page_text: perforated ends a* into the said spaces, and thence pass away with the
products of combustion through the uppermost longitudinal tubes a', and
out through the tubes a communicating therewith. By these means I
obtain an equal distribution of the heat of the furnace around and
through the roasting cylinder, and at the same time obtain a rapid
mode of carrying off the vapours arising from the coffee being roasted.
Instead of having the furnace arranged as shown in the Drawing I in
some cases leave a larger space between the ends of the cylinder a and
the ends of the furnace, and bank up the fire at the ends so as to causo
the fire to play on the ends as well as at the bottom of the cylinder a; ]
or, as described in my Provisional Specification, I sometimes provide a
fire at each end and one below the cylinder a, suitable flucs commu-
nicating with such fires, and dampers being provided, as will be well
understood, to regulate the draft of the fires. I have not thought it
necessary to shew this arrangement in the Drawings, as a competent
mechanic will readily understand how to apply the three fires where
required.
the
When the coffee in the cylinder a has been sufficiently roasted, as may
bo readily ascertained by means of sampling tubes in the usual way,
cylinder a, the axis A of which is carried by the frame c mounted on 2
axes of motion c', is raised off the fire and turned over the hopper d of
the cooling apparatus by turning the frame c on the axis c', when by
rotating the cylinder a by means of the handle a' in the direction of
the arrow a³, Figure 2, the projections a³, aº, from the bolts a', a³, comc
against inclines e fixed to a bar e carried by the cooling hopper d, so as 2
to slide such bolts a' in their bearings, and thereby unlock the doors aª,
after which the projections a³ on such doors a³ come against the pro-
jections e³ on the bar e to push the doors as open; but just before the
doors as become fully opened the inclined projection a" on the cylinder a
comes against the incline on the bar e to push that bar endwise in 3
the direction of the arrow e', and thereby carry the inclines e¹, e³, and
projections e³ out of the way of the incline a" and projections a' and aº,
so as to permit the cylinder a to be rocked or rotated without any
danger of such parts coming in contact with each other. If from any
cause the sliding bare should not be moved back again into its acting 3
position when the cylinder a is turned over the cooling hopper d an
inclined projection c³ on the frame c comes into contact with the end
of the bar e, and pushes it endwise in the contrary direction to that of

page_text: the arrow e', so as to place the bar e in correct position for opening the
doors a. When the doors as are open the cylinder a is further rocked
or rotated on its axis until all the roasted coffee berries have been
discharged therefrom into the cooling hopper d; the cylinder a is then
removed from over the hopper d. Motion is given to the shaft f, to
which the vanes, lifting boards, or agitators f' are attached, to agitato
the coffee berrics, and thereby permit of a free circulation of cool air
amongst such coffee berries, such cool air being supplied by a fan or
other suitable means through a passage to a chamber g' immediately
underneath the reticulate or perforated bottom & of the cooling hopper d.
According to my Invention the shaft is mounted in bearings carried
by the cooling hopper d, so as to enable me directly to act upon the coffee
berries on their discharge from the roasting cylinder a into the hopper d
to cool them, instead of as heretofore being compelled to empty the coffee
first into a hopper d, which has then to be removed from the position
shewn in the Drawings, and emptied into a cooler placed at a distance
therefrom. By these means I am enabled to cool the coffee more
rapidly than by the mode heretofore adopted. The cooling hopper d
is provided with eyes or loops ď² to receive a bar d³ to which a chain d'
is connected, another chain being connected to such bar d³, and to a
third eye or hook at the opposite end of the cooling hopper d, so that
when the coffee in the hopper d is sufficiently cooled the hopper & which
has been previously fasted to the base d³ by the hooks or catches d³,
or by other suitable means, is unfastened therefrom, and by suitable
tackle raised from the base a, when a door d' in one end of the cooling
hopper d (shewn by dotted lines) is opened and the coffee discharged
therefrom, after which the cooling hopper d is again placed and fastened
in proper position to receive a new charge from the cylinder a. Suitable
gearing, as shewn in the Drawings, is employed to communicate motion
to the axis A of the roasting cylinder a, and to the shaft or axis f of
the vanes, lifting boards, or agitators f¹; but I have not thought it
necessary to give a detailed description thereof.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the mode
in which I carry the same into effect, I would have it understood that
what I claim is,―
First. The employment in cylinders for roasting coffee of tubes a¹
and a arranged and operating in manner substantially as herein shewn

page_text: Secondly. I claim the novel arrangement and combination of parts
for unlocking and opening the doors of the roasting cylinder in manner
substantially as herein shewn and described.
Thirdly. I claim the novel arrangement and combination of the
cooling apparatus with the roasting cylinder in manner and for the
purpose substantially as herein shewn and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Ebenezer Boyes, have hereunto set
my hand and scal, this Twenty-fourth day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.
EBENEZER BOYES. (L.S.)
Witness,
CHAS. M. WHITE,
Olerk to Messrs. Harris & Mills,
Patent Agents,
35, Southampton Buildings,
London.