CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LIGHTING, FOR CONSUMING THE CARBON ESCAPING COMBUSTION IN ORDINARY FLAMES
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Armand Le Comte de Fontaine Moreau,
of the English and Foreign Patent Office, 4, South Street, Fins-
bury, London, and 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, France, for the
Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LIGHTING, FOR CONSUMING
THE CARBON ESCAPING COMBUSTION IN ORDINARY FLAMES."-A com-
munication.
Sealed the 27th February 1854, and dated the 9th September 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Armand
Le Comte de Fontaine Moreau at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th September 1853.
I, PETER ARMAND LE COMTE DE FONTAINE MOREAU, of the English
& Foreign Patent Office, 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, &
39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, France, do hereby declare that the
nature of the Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LIGHTING, FOR
CONSUMING THE CARBON ESCAPING COMBUSTIN IN ORDINARY FLAMES," to
be as follows:-
The Invention relates to certain improvements adapted to the In-
vention communicated to me by Mr. Jobard, of Brussels, & for which

page_text: I obtained Letters Patent the 16th of December last year for "An
Improved Lamp, which I call Lamp Omnibus."
The present Invention can also be applied to all other modes of
lighting, and consists in suspending within the flame of gas or of oil a
metallic ball provided with deep channellings, in which the gas, being
overheated, burns the whole of the carbon which may escape the com-
bustion in ordinary flames.
I use conical chimneys, having channel lings on half of their upper
elevation, or which are provided with a slit from top to bottom to
prevent them breaking by dilatation.
The air for the alimentation being reduced to its necessary minimum,
and previously heated, arrives per descensum; that is to say, by causing
it to pass through the apertures of a lid, and to descend between the
glass chimney and the globe which surrounds the last before reaching
the flame.
I make use for the lamps of wicks made of asbestos hemp prepared
with nitrate of lead, or with sulphuret of antimony, or again with
chlorate or sulphate of potash, to impede the calcination and to prevent
stars.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Peter Armand Le Comte de Fontaine Moreau
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 8th March 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
PETER ARMAND LE COMTE DE FONTAINE MOREAU, of the English and
Foreign Patent Office, 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, and 39, Rue
de l'Echiquier, Paris, France, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
seventeenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and succes-
sors, give and grant unto me, the said Peter Armand Le Comte de

page_text: Fontaine Moreau, Her special licence that I, the said Peter Armand
Le Comte de Fontaine Moreau, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Peter Armand Le Comte de
Fontaine Moreau, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LIGHTING, FOR CON-
SUMING THE CARBON ESCAPING COMBUSTION IN ORDINARY FLAMES," com-
municated to me from a foreigner residing abroad, upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said Peter Armand Le Comte
de Fontaine Moreau, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Peter Armand Le Comte de
Fontaine Moreau, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention;
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof,
reference being had to the Drawing hereto annexed, and to the figures
and letters marked thereon, that is to say:
This Invention relates to certain improvements upon an Invention
for which Letters Patent were obtained by me on the Sixteenth day of
December, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, for "An Im-
proved Lamp, which I call Lamp Omnibus," and consists in contriv-
ances for improving the combustion of carbon in gas or other flame
employed for lighting.
The combination of organs for obtaining the most useful effect may
be varied in different ways; the annexed Drawing, however, shows the
principles of the apparatus which I employ.
Figure 1 a, common burner for gas lighting, with a chimney at top:
b, glass globe or cylinder enclosing the chimney, which may be made

page_text: narrower at one extremity to retard the circulation of air; it may be
conical through a part of its length, and have several longitudinal
grooves or corrugations to permit of dilatation. c, c, metallic socket,
supporting the globe or cylinder. d, metallic cloth circle, soldered to
the burner, and serving to divide and heat the air in its passage to the
flame. e, metallic cap or lid, perforated with small holes or slits for
the passage of air. The air may also be made to pass through a me-
tallic cloth cylinder heated by radiation. The arrows indicate the
direction of the air and gas.
Figure 2, shows an oil lamp. a, a, glass vessel, half filled with
oil, on which a hollow vessel b, cither of glass, porcelain, metal, or
light wood, is placed, and made to float by the introduction and con-
fining of air. In the middle of this float a wick holder c, is set. The
vessel a, is surmounted by a cap d, perforated on its circumference with
small holes for the ingress of air, and in the middle with a larger aper-
ture for the egress of carbonic acid gas.
Figure 8, is a plan of the cover d, on which a capsule or cup bearer
may be adjusted for heating a liquid over the lamp. The small arrows
in Figure 2, show the direction of the air and gases. To reduce the
volume of light or extinguish it a suitable organ must be placed over
the top of the chimney to lessen or close its aperture.
Figure 4, is a vertical section, shewing the float of the natural size
with its wick holder c, and plaited wick of cotton or asbestos. h, is a
piece of wire to move the wick.
Figure 5, a plan of the float.
Figure 6, shews a miner's lamp. a, a, glass vessel of the required
thickness. 6, b, concentric brass rings, to the number of three or four,
kept apart by iron wires so as to leave a free passage for the air in the
direction shewn by the arrows. c, conical chimney for egress of the
gases of combustion into a metallic cloth cone d, whence they pass into
the atmosphere through the orifices of the cap e. f, float, before de-
scribed. This lamp is enclosed and secured in the ordinary manner of
safety lamps to prevent the workmen opening it. The globes may be
made of blue glass in lieu of common white glass.
And having now described the nature of the Invention communicated

page_text: to me, and the best means I am acquainted with for performing the
same, I wish it to be understood that I do not confine myself to
the precise details herein laid down, provided the general principles of
the said Invention be retained; but what I claim as new is, the par-
ticular arrangements for causing the air necessary for combustion to
arrive from above the lamp, and be heated before reaching the flame,
and for regulating the supply of air thereto, as herein-before described
and referred to in reference to the Figures of the Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Armand Le Comte de
Fontaine Moreau, have hereto set my hand and seal, this
Eighth day of March, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-four.
L' DE FONTAINE MOREAU. (L.S.)