Improvements in Petroleum Lamps for Railway Carriages.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Mar., 1896-Accepted, 23rd May, 1896
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Petroleum Lamps for Railway Carriages.
We, CARL ERBER, of Barossgasse 50, Budapest, Manufacturer and
UNGARISCHE METALLWAAREN UND LAMPENFABRIKS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT,
of Ligetgasse 10 Budapest-Köbánya, in the Kingdom of Hungary, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to petroleum lamps for railway carriages which during the
greatest storm will burn quietly and be equally ventilated during the running as
well as on the stoppage of the train, as the petroleum reservoir can never get warm,
these advantages being secured by the regulation of the flame and of the admission
of oil from the interior as well as from the roof of the carriage and generally by
the whole arrangement of the lamp.
The annexed drawings show how the invention can he performed.
Fig. 1 is a general elevation of the lamp ;
Fig. 2 a vertical section through the burner;
Fig. 3 a section on line X-X Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 a section on line y-y Fig. 2
Fig. 5 side view of part of the interior of the lamp ;
Fig. 6 a section on line z-z of Fig. 5;
Figs. 7 to 14 details of the lamp;
Fig. 15 modification of Fig. 5;
Fig. 16 modification of Fig. 8; and
Fig. 17 detail of burner.
The exterior form of the casing of this lamp as well as the inner construction
(with exception of the movable interior part of the lamp) is like other carriage lamps,
the essential improvements being in the air conducts. The casing of such a lamp
cousists, as known, of the under part a³ (Fig. 1) placed in the carriage ceiling
provided with the usual projecting ring & which rests upon the carriage roof and
is joined to the free standing upper part es of the casing by means of the hinge-
joint and spring-lock d. Hitherto the openings f3 and 93 on this upper part e
which conduct air to the burner, were surrounded only by two simple plate rings
which were open in the upper and the lower part and parallel to the casing, so that
a strong wind caught in the rings, entered with vehemence in the casing and
rendered the flame unsteady and irregular.
In the present invention, as shown in Figs. 2 and 4, these protecting rings h³
and 3 of the openings f3 and 93 are provided on their upper and under part with
horizontal flat rings so that these protecting rings receive a [section. These
rings are provided on the flats j close to the wall of the casing with narrow and
regularly arranged openings through which, even during the greatest storm,
the air can pass to the openings f³ and 9 with a completely broken force. Further
improvements consist in the upper part of the casing of the lamp on the chimney 3
for the escape of the burning gases. Close under the upper border of the latter is
provided a collar m³, which causes the wind attacking the border of the chimney 13
to be partly deflected whilst only a small part passes under the roof n³ of the
chimney . The cap p covering the security cones o in the chimney and carried
by the chimney roof n is no longer an unperforated disc with a smooth cylindrical
border projecting downwards, but the under border q of it is turned upwards in
form of a channel, whilst the flat part of the cap p³ is provided with numerous

page_text: openings which are each surrounded by an annular deep grooves. The turning
upwards of the border g prevents almost completely the entrance of the wind
which passes eventually from the roof a downwards, whilst the openings allow
the combustion gases to escape easily. The hollows a catch the wind so that it
cannot enter the openings. The most essential part of the lamp is formed by the
new part placed in the under part of the casing (Figs. 2 and 5). This consists of
a double cone t³ which serves on one side for the admission of the air for combustion
and on the other side to isolate the said air entering from above from the air for
ventilation entering from below, for the petroleum reservoir. For this purpose this
double cone and under part is well tightened on its upper border simultaneously
with the border of the under part as of the casing by a felt ring & placed in the
under border of the upper part e of the casing. On the under border the under
part is joined to the interior by a ring 3 the top a of the burner space & carrying a
chimney for the escape of the gases of combustion. With this groove the
part is seated upon the border of the glass t which is carried by a conical flange-
like ring projecting inwards on the border of the under part of the casing a³.
This ring is provided on its circumference with openings y through which the
air for ventilation enters round the part t³, then to pass under the upper border of
the latter through openings 2, covered by the protecting cover a of the under
part a³ of the casing just over the ring 63. The cover a of the combustion room b
is isolated from the flame by a reflector c distanced from it so that the cover a is
only slightly warned and also the part 3 cannot get warm even on a long stoppage
of the train. The reflector e is so arranged that it forms by its flat part the
continuation of the ring a, which carries the glass bell t which acts equally as a
reflector.
The annular oil reservoir e is arranged round the upper cone of the under part
with a free space and kept on by means of the cross-bars f (Fig. 5). By this
arrangement the oil reservoir e is well distanced from the burner and can never get
warm. Also the oil reservoir is provided on its cover with openings g which allow
any gases developing to escape. In place of this oil reservoir an annular
receptacle may be arranged which of course is considerably smaller. In such is
a chamber i that can be reached from the outside, in which enters at the upper
part the back end of the wick-holder j. From the latter projects the wick end k to
the bottom of the chamber i in which the pushing and feeding arrangement of the
burner wick is placed. The wick k runs in the curved wick holder; which passes
from the chamber i to the burner. The burner consists of a tube d which is fixed
to the reservoir and passes through the under cone of the part 3, the cover a and
the reflector c. The free end is closed by a burner cap provided with a horizontal
slit and fixed by a spring m; after loosening the latter it can be opened on a
binge-joint. Close before its free end the tube d is enclosed by a vertical sieve
wall beyond which advances the end of the wick holder; provided with a
border p. The back end of the wick holder; projects into the chamber i from
where also the introduction of the wick k is effected. For this purpose this end of
the wick holder is provided on its upper part with longitudinal slits q' (Fig. 17)
in which gear the small toothed-wheels which are arranged on an axle
reposing in bearings across the wickholder ; and which move the wick kon
turning this turning is effected by an endless vertical screw which gears in
the toothed-wheel v seated upon one end of the axle s'. The shaft of this
screw u¹ is seated in the upper part in the cover of the chamber i and in its lower
part in a socket welded to the bottom of the same from where it can be operated
by means of the square headed rod y. The air necessary for the burning of the
flame passes from the interior of t3 directly to the burner, for which purpose the
tube d of it is provided with many holes m between the part 3 and the cover.
The air enters through the la ter and passes through the sieve wall o' to the flame.
The feeding of the wick k is effected by the following construction. The oil passes
from the reservoir e through a small tube o into the chamber i where it is sucked
up by the wick k. The passing of the oil can be regulated or completely stopped

page_text: (Figs. 5 and 15) by a cock p arranged on the tube o between the oil reservoir e
and the reserve receptacle. For this purpose the top of this cock p carries a
toothed arcq (Fig. 10) which engages with a toothed disc r (Fig. 9) which is fixed
on a vertical shafts and by means of the latter it can be turned from the inside or
the outside of the carriage as this shaft passes through the receptacles and and
through the part.
To avoid the toothed diser and the toothed arc q, the cock p can also be
arranged, as shown in Fig. 15, so that the shaft a passes through the axle of the
cock p, whilst the opening of the latter is horizontal.
The superfluous oil passes from the chamber i through side openings of the
same (Fig. 6) into the reserve receptacle A and therefore an overflowing cannot take
place. A further regulating arrangement for the regular sucking up of the oil
consists (as shown in Figs. 11 to 14) in different modes of arranging the wick
end k. The most suitable is a cramp k' (Fig. 14) one arm of which is provided on
the inside with grooves . This cramp is attached to the wick k from the side
and therefore presses the latter together so that the oil can only pass through the
grooves 2 (Fig. 14). Instead of the cramp k the control of the wick k can be
effected by the wick-moving-wheels t' by enlarging the latter (Fig. 13) to a large
fluted roller which is provided with grooves corresponding to the grooves
the pressers '.
in
The controlling of the wick can also be effected by means of smooth pressers,
rollers or similar arrangements without changing the character of the invention.
When using fluted rollers t' the wick-holder is provided with grooves I, as shown
in Fig. 11.
The lamp can be lighted from the inside of the carriage and for this purpose the
glass bell t has on its lower part a small opening u (Fig. 2) which is closed by a
ball lying freely on the inside which can easily be pushed sidewards with the fuze
and by itself rolls back upon the opening u after the lamp has been lighted.
Instead of this arrangement the hell i can be provided on its under part with a
metal cap (Figs. 7 and 8) having an opening to be closed by a slide
whilst the latter has an opening so that by turning the slide the opening u' is
closed,
Also for closing the opening w may be used a lens n (Fig. 16) which distributes
the light and which is held in a frame n' and opens on a hinge-joint n' and is
provided with the fastener m².
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:
In a petroleum lamp for railway carriages :-
1. The covering having openings and g³ for the admission of air for
combustion purposes on the upper part of the lamp casing by means of protecting
rings A and of [section which are provided on the rings with openings.
2. The moulding m³ close under the border of the chimney 13 for the purpose of
deviating the wind.
3. The protecting cap which is provided with a turned up groove like
border and covers the cone arranged in the chimney 13 of the lamp and
which has in the upper part numerous openings 3 each surrounded by an annular
deep groove
4. The arrangement of the under part a of the lamp casing consisting of a
double cone which closes the upper part simultaneously with the upper border of
the under part a of the easing and in the upper cone of which is arranged the
annular oil reservoir e whilst the under cone of the same carries on the outside an
annular reserve receptacle and in the inside the burner and the combustion room
cuver a provided with the chimney to and reflector c.
5. A reflector e arranged under the cover a of the under part
in Claim 4) and isolating the flame from the latter.
(specified

page_text: 6. An annular oil reservoir e which is arranged round the upper cone of the
under part 3 which by a small tube o provided with a regulating and closing
cock p communicates with the chamber i of an annular reserve oil receptacle h
arranged round the under part of the part 3 in which chamber i the back end of
the wick holder j enters.
7. The annular reserve oil receptacle mentioned under Claim 6 in which during
an excessive oil admission the superfluous oil can be collected and again received
slowly by the wick.
14
8. The burner projecting obliquely in the lower part from the inner conical
annular wall of the reserve receptacle h, in the lower part f³, consisting of a tube d
which passes through the under cone of the lower part, the burner cover a and
reflector c, and which is perforated between cones t3 and the burner cover a, this
tube d carrying in the front part a burner cap opening round a hinge-joint n
and provided with a horizontal slit k and in which tube d the holder; of the wick k
is so arranged that its upper end provided with the wick moving arrangement
projects in a chamber i arranged in the reservoir whilst the under end (flame)
provided with a flange like border p* advances in the burner cap from a sieve
wall o' closing the tube d.
The small opening u closed by means of a glass ball reposing upon it or a
ning slide or valve in the under part of the glass bell t which serves for lighting
le lamp from the inside of the carriage.
10. The regulation of the sucking capacity of the wick by means of cramps k¹
provided with grooves kor by fluted rollers provided with surrounding grooves³
or by smooth rollers or cramps pressing on the wick with variable pressure.
11. The shaft serving to operate the cock p specified under Claim 6 so that
it may be operated from the inside or the outside of the carriage.
Dated this 6th day of March 1896.
HERBERT HADDAN & Co.,
18, Buckingham Street, Strand, London, W.C.,
Agents to the Applicants.