CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN Weaving FOR WEAVING," Machinery
Year: 1845

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of the Patent Office, 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Eighteenth day of June, in the eighth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Richard Archibald Brooman, my exors, admors, and assigns, Her especial
licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Richard
Archibald Brooman, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Richard Archibald Brooman, my exors, adñors, or assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Ber-
MACHINERY
wick-upon-Tweed, the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN Weaving
FOR WEAVING,"
Machinery," communicated to me by a Foreigner residing abroad; in which
said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said Richard Archibald
Brooman, shall cause a particular description of the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in
Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent,
as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at
large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Richard Archibald Brooman, do hereby declare that the said Invention of
improvements in weaving machinery relates to that. class of looms known as
circular looms for weaving looped fabrics, and that the nature thereof, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully ascertained and
described in and by the present Specification thereof, reference being bad to
the Drawings hereunto annexed, that is to say:-
Figure 1, Sheet 1, is a top plan of half of a loom, constructed according
to the said improvements, and Figure 2, Sheet 1, is an elevation of the same,
with a part in section, taken on the line A, B, C, D, of Figure 1. The
loom consists of two parts, an upper (A¹, A',) and an under (B, B,) mounted
on one common vertical shaft X, the former of which is fixed or stationary,
and the latter moveable. The part A', A¹, is made fast to the shaft X by means
of the screw a, and consists of a broad circular ring of cast iron, with six
radial arms, to the upper face of which ring the brass plates b, b, are attached
by means of screws c. c. Each quarter of the ring carries one entire set of
those parts by which the weaving is immediately effected, which parts are
supported by the plates b, b, and consist, first, of a feed wheel d, second, a
pressure wheel f, third, a sinker bar 9, fourth, a sinker wheel h, and fifth, a
wheel for pressing back the work. The under part B, B, is also circular,
and of cast iron, and is provided with the same number of radial arms.
It is
free to revolve on the same shaft as that to which the upper part A', A¹, is
attached. It has fixed to it a horizontal toothed wheel j, and also a circular
brass ring k, which is composed of two separate pieces, one placed on the top
of the other, between which the needles 7, 1, which are made of steel, are
securely held by the screws m. The periphery of the under part of the loom
is of a conical form, and it is surrounded with a comb plate composed of a
series of small plates n, n, being similar to that employed in the common
weaving loom. The loom is put in motion by turning the crank handle o,
fitted on the outer end of the axis p, which carries a pinion q, which works
into the teeth of the horizontal wheel j, which takes round with it the under
part B, B, to which it is fixed. The working parts of the apparatus being
thus set in motion the feed wheel d takes the thread as it unwinds from the
bobbins r, r, and transfers it to the needles. The oblique. position of this
wheel, of which a detailed description will be herein-after given, has for its
object to enable it in the first instance to lay the threads on the body of
the needles, and make them afterwards pass under the barbs. A disc e²
presses the comb plates n, n, inwards towards the periphery of the under part
B, B, to prevent them from interfering with the action of the feed wheel d,

page_text: and also to prevent the needles from yielding when they are required to take
up the threads. When the needles have received the thread from the feed
wheel & they come under the pressure wheel f; which presses down the barbs,
and thus allows the loop formed in the preceding round (when there has been
such a preceding round) to escape from the needles. Notches or spaces
a¹, a', may be cut out of the circumference of the pressure wheel, as shewn
in f2, in which case a double loop will be formed, because of the wheel not
pressing on those needles which come immediately under such spaces. The
number and position of these spaces may be calculated so as to produce different
and regular patterns in the web; and there may be an assortment of such
wheels, adapted to various patterns, kept ready mounted on a radial frame
M, so that one may be substituted for another as required. The sinker bar g
serves to push the comb plates towards the outer periphery of the loom, and
consequently to withdraw the thread from, the needles after having been
placed there by the feed wheel d. This bar is composed of two parts con-
nected together by a screw y. One of these parts z is stationary,.and the
other t is moveable round the screw y, so as to allow of the bar being drawn
back towards the exterior of the loom, according as more or less depression
is required to be given. The drawing back is effected by acting on the presser
bar g by the screw W in the bar Y. The sinker wheel h serves to press
down such loops as may not have been freed from the needles by the sinker
bar, while the spring o' in front of this wheel causes the plates n, n, to move
back into their places out of the way. The wheel i pushes back the comb
plates n, n, as well as the work against the exterior face of the periphery,
so as to allow the feed wheel d to pass clear in the following course. The
feed wheel d may be made either with moveable or with fixed teeth. Figures
3, 4, and 5, Sheet 2, represent it with moveable teeth.. Figure 3 is an
elevation of it as fitted in its place in the loom. The wheel consists of two
parts, A and B¹. The one part A¹ is fixed while the other part B¹ is free
to move round an axis C. The part B¹ includes the feed wheel G¹ (properly
so considered) and a guide wheel E¹, the two being united by an intermediate
cylinder D. The fixed part A¹ consists of a brass plate, into which a steel
plate is inlaid, having an eccentric groove F, F, cut in it, as shewn in Figure
5. The moveable part B' is furnished with teeth composed of small steel
blades or strips G, furnished with projecting studs g¹, g' (see Figure 3, which
exhibits a detached view of one of these blades). These teeth are placed
obliquely in slots or sockets made for their reception, as shewn in Figures
3 and 4. When the parts A' and G¹ are united face to face, the studs g¹ take
into the eccentric groove F, and on the wheel rotating the teeth necessarily

page_text: follow in the direction of the groove, whereby they are made to protrude
sufficiently to lay hold of the thread and pass it under the barbs of the needles,
while as soon as the thread has been so taken hold of the action of the
eccentric causes them to recede into the interior of the wheel. A feed wheel
with fixed teeth is represented in Figures 6, 7, 8, and 9, Sheet 2. Figure 6
is an elevation of this wheel, and Figure 7 a section on the line A, B, of
Figure 6. It consists of a feed wheel O' (shewn separately in Figure 8) and
of a guide wheel P¹ (Figure 9), both mounted on one shaft Q. The wheel
O' consists of a brass disc R', in which are fitted the steel teeth S, furnished
with projecting studs s". This disc R¹ is enclosed between two iron plates
T, T', and all three are tightly bound together by means of a nut and screw U.
The guide wheel P¹ is secured in the same way to the opposite end of the
shaft. The moveable tooth wheel is superior to the wheel with fixed teeth,
inasmuch as but few of the teeth are protruded at a time, and by means of
the eccentric much finer as well as much coarser yarns can be used than with
the ordinary wheel; but on the other hand the fixed tooth wheel offers this
considerable advantage, that the teeth can be replaced or repaired in case
of accident with great facility, by simply turning the nut U and removing the
iron plate T¹.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in, what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim as the
improvement in the class of circular looms for weaving looped fabrics are,―
First, the peculiar system of mechanism formed by the combination and
employment, in manner before described, of the parts marked d, f, g, h, and i.
Second, the feed wheel d of either of the varieties before described, whether
employed as part of the said system of mechanism, or as part of any other
combination for weaving looped fabrics.
Third, the employment of pressure wheels (f), varied in the circumference
thereof, as before described, so as to produce work of various patterns.
Fourth, the application of comb pieces of the ordinary form, before described,
to the weaving of looped fabrics. And,
Fifth, the employment of steel needles in the weaving of looped fabrics,
as before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of December,
One thousand eight hundred and forty-five.
.
R. A. (L.S.) BROOMAN.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Eighteenth day of December,
in the year of our Lord 1845, the aforesaid Richard Archibald Brooman
came before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged
the Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and
specified, in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was
stamped according to the tenor of the St te made for that purpose.
mber, in the year of our Lord One
ve.
Enrolled the Eighteenth day of De
thousand eight hundred and forty

page_text: Wednesday, the 4th day of December, in the 14th year of the reign
of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, 1850.
In the Matter of Letters Patent granted to Richard Archibald
Brooman, of the Patent Office, 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Gentleman, for an Invention, communicated to him by a
Foreigner residing abroad, of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR WEAVING."
WHEREAS Peter Claussen, of Brussels, Esquire, did, on the 27th day of
November 1850, prefer his Petition unto the Right Hoñble the Master of the
Rolls, setting forth that Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the 18th day of June 1845, in the 8th year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto the said
Richard Archibald Broonian, Пer special licence, full power, sole privilege
and authority, that the said Richard Archibald Brooman, his executors,
administrators, and assigns, and such others as he and they should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term
of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise and
vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, an
Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WEAVING," being an
Invention communicated to him by a Foreigner residing abroad; in which
said Letters Patent is contained, amongst other things, a proviso obliging the
said Richard Archibald Brooman, by an Instrument in Writing under his
hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the
same to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent, as in and by the same Letters Patent, reference being thereunto bad,
will more fully and at large appear: That, pursuant to the said proviso, the
said Richard Archibald Brooman did, by an Instrument in Writing under
his hand and seal, bearing date the 18th day of December 1845, fully describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, but which, in the said Speci-
fication, is by mistake stated to be for "Certain Improvements in Weaving
Machinery," an in what manner the same is to be performed, and he caused
the said Specification to be duly inrolled in this Court on the same 18th day

page_text: of December 1845, being within the six calendar months allowed by the
aforesaid Letters Patent, as by the said Specification now remaining of record
in this Court, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear: That by a certain Indenture of Assignment, bearing date on or about
the 27th day of January 1846, and made between the said Richard Archibald
Brooman of the one part and the Petitioner of the other part, after reciting
the grant of the said Letters Patent to the said Richard Archibald Brooman,
and of the enrollment of the said Specification pursuant to the proviso con-
tained in the said Letters Patent, and also that the said Invention was
communicated to the said Richard Archibald Brooman by the said Peter
Claussen, and that the name of the said Richard Archibald Brooman was used
only as a Trustee and Agent for the said Peter Claussen, it was witnessed
that, for the nominal consideration therein mentioned, he, the said Richard
Archibald Brooman, did grant, assign, and set over unto the said Peter Claussen,
his executors, administrators, and assigns, all those the therein-before and
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, and the exclusive exercise, right,
and enjoyment of the Invention therein mentioned and thereby granted to the
said Richard Archibald Brooman, his executors, administrators, and assigns,
to hold, exercise, and enjoy the said Letters Patent and premises unto the
said Peter Claussen, his executors, administrators, and assigns, during all the
residue then unexpired of the said term of 14 years and for all other the term,
and interest, right and benefit of renewal and otherwise of the said Richard
Archibald Brooman therein: That the Petitioner hath lately discovered that in
reciting the Title of the aforesaid Letters Patent in the Specification of the said
Invention so as aforesaid enrolled by the said Richard Archibald Brooman
the same is stated to be for "Certain Improvements in Weaving Machinery,"
which description is a mistake, the Title of the same Letters Patent being
in fact for "Certain Improvements in Machinery for Weaving:" That the
said Richard Archibald Brooman never had any Letters Patent granted to
him for "Certain Improvements in Machinery for Weaving," other than the
said Letters Patent of the 18th June, in the 8th year of Her Majesty's reign:
That no Copy of the aforesaid Specification hath been taken by the public,
and that no Scire Facias hath been issued or applied for for the repeal of the
said Letters Patent, nor is any action or suit at law or in equity now pending
touching the validity of the said Letters Patent; whereupon and upon reading
the said Letters Patent an Office Copy of the said Specification and the said
Indenture of Assignment of the 27th January 1846, and the Affidavits of the
said Richard Archibald Brooman and Charles Baker respectively, filed the
3rd day of December 1850, it is ordered, that the Record of the inrolment

page_text: of the said Richard Archibald Brooman's aforesaid Specification be altered
and amended by inserting the words "Machinery for Weaving" in lieu of the
words "Weaving Machinery" in the recital or introductory part thereof, and
that the proper officer do attend his Lordship with the Record of the said
Specification for that purpose. And it is ordered that a Copy of this
Order be indorsed on the Roll on which the said Specification is enrolled.