matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED BRAKE FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES, AND MODE OF TRANSMITTING SIGNALS FOR WORKING THE SAME
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Pellissier, Jules Jannesse,
and Edouard Castillon, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 19th December 1859.
We, LOUIS PELLISSIER, of Bourdeaux, France, Engineer, JULES JANNESSE
and EDOUARD CASTILLON, also of Bordeaux, aforesaid, Merchants, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED BRAKE FOR
RAILWAY CARRIAGES, AND MODE OF TRANSMITTING SIGNALS FOR WORKING THE
SAME," to be as follows:-
This improved brake consists in applying to the ordinary skid brake appa-
ratus of railway carriages a spiral or other proper spring of sufficient strength
and acting in such manner that by the unbending of the spring the brake
may be caused to act with great rapidity and force, while the spring and
brake may be worked either by the brakesman, or, if required, the engine
driver may, by means of a string or other suitable medium, free the spring so
as to unbend itself and work the brake; whereas in ordinary circumstances,
in which the common brake apparatus is sufficient for retarding or stopping
the revolving motion of the wheels, a proper clutch prevents the spring from
acting on the brake apparatus. If a spiral or helical spring is made use of,
the same is connected to the brake, and arranged in such manner that after
having caused the skids to apply themselves against the periphery of the
wheels, the contrary action of these latter causes the spring again to be bent.
When provided with these apparatuses, each carriage of a train must have its
own brakesmen. For allowing the engine driver instantly to communicate

page_text: with the brakesman, the engine or tender is provided with a galvanic battery
connected by isolated wires or other proper means, with alarums situated on
the carriages; by which means the driver may consequently transmit the
required signals to the brakesmen.
The principal feature of our brake consists in having two skids applied to
each wheel, and causing the skids of all the wheels of a railway carriage to
apply itself simultaneously against the periphery of their respective wheels.
The skids of each side of the carriage are connected by proper rods, and the
end rod of each side by a lever arm, whereas one of these end rods is acted
upon by one arm of a small bell-crank lever, the fulcrum of which is situtted
on the body of the carriage, while the other arm of the same is acted upon
by a vertical rod under the command of the brakesman, and worked by a
worm and worm wheel and handle in the ordinary manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MARBLES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Tunnicliff Pope at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
September 1859.
I, JOSEPH TUNNICLIFF POPE, of Burslem, in the County of Stafford, Potter,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF MARBLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
marbles. For this purpose I mould the clay from which the marbles are to
be made to a cylindrical form, by pressing it through a suitable die; the clay
thus moulded is cut into lengths, and these are, by means of two grooved
surfaces working together, divided into pieces, each of the size to form a
marble, and by the motion of one of the surfaces on the other the pieces of
clay are rolled along in the grooves, and are brought to a globular form.
The apparatus which I employ is arranged in the following manner :-It
consists of a drum having a number of semicircular grooves formed on its
periphery; this drum is mounted on an axis, and is caused to revolve con-
tinuously; it is enclosed in a case grooved interiorly in the same manner as
the surface of the drum. At the top of the case is a slit, through which the
lengths of clay moulded to a cylindrical form, as above mentioned, are fed into
the machine, and they fall on to the surfaces of the grooved drum, and as this
revolves they are carried round into the space between the drum and the
interior of the case, which space at the top is sufficiently wide to allow the
cylinders of clay to enter freely, but in passing round the drum it becomes

page_text: continuously narrower, until the ridges on the drum come in contact with the
ridges on the interior of the case. The clay being carried round by the drum
is thus divided into a number of pieces, each of suitable size, and these pieces
are rolled in the grooves until they are brought to the form desired, they are
then discharged through a slit at the bottom of the case, and dried and burnt 5
in the ordinary manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STAND PIPES FOR HYDRANTS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Collins at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th September
1859.
I, WILLIAM COLLINS, of Salford, in the Parish of Manchester, and County
of Lancaster, Engineer and Brassfounder, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STAND PIPES FOR HYDRANTS," to be as
follows:-
These improvements are applicable to the stand pipes used for occasionally
connecting the water mains or conduit pipes of streets or buildings with the
fireman's hose or flexible pipe through which water is discharged to extinguish
conflagrations, or for uniting pipes for the distribution of water for any other
purpose to the hydrants or valves of the conduit pipes from which the water
is to be supplied.
My first improvement consists in imparting to the disc which presses back
the ball of the hydrant from its seat, a direct and rectilineal motion only, that
is to say, a motion in the direction of its spindle unaccompanied by motion
round the axis of the said spindle or round its own centre. I do this by means
of a screw acting upon the spindle of the disc whilst the said spindle is
restrained (either by its own conformation or by special appliances for that
purpose) from revolving. The objects of this improvement are to prevent the
hydrant ball from being cut or abraded by the edge of the disc, and at the
same time to make the extent to which the hydrant is opened, when in use,
variable at discretion.

page_text: My second improvement consists in making the screw by which the spindle
of the disc is impelled with more than one thread. The object of this is to
enable the hydrant to be opened, closed, or adjusted with greater promptitude
and dispatch.
IMPROVED MEANS OF FASTENING AND SECURING TREASURE OR BULLION CASES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Ashford at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd March
1859.
I, FREDERICK ASHFORD, of Commercial Road East, London, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MEANS OF FASTENING AND SECURING TREASURE OR BULLION CASES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the cases or boxes usually employed for the trans-
mission of treasure or bullion, and has for its object increased strength and
greater security. These cases or boxes are usually made of deal or other
wood, and their angles further strengthened by bands of iron secured to the
wood by means of nails, and it is well known that such boxes so constructed
are by no means secure against surreptitious opening and the abstraction of
their contents.
This Invention consists in passing bands of iron entirely round such cases
or boxes, and bringing their ends together and uniting them by means of
solder, such bands being further secured to the wood by nails in the usual
manner; and as a further protection against fraud, such solder may afterwards
be impressed by means of a die or punch with the name of the broker or other
person sending the bullion, or with any other device. In securing small cases
two bands will be sufficient, one passing round the case in the direction of its
length, and the other crosswise in the opposite direction, and in this case (the
four ends being brought together) one patch of solder will suffice; but for
larger cases more bands will be required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND BURNING OF PORTLAND CEMENT
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Westwood at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th December
1859.
I, WILLIAM WESTWOOD, of No. 43, West Square, in the Borough of South-
wark, in the County of Surrey, Coal Merchant, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND BURNING OF
PORTLAND CEMENT," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in causing the waste heat which has heretofore
escaped up the flue to be intercepted in its course and driven by a fan into the
cement kiln, thereby affording a blast through the kiln to assist in the burning
and economising the fuel in the manufacture of Portland cement.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NUTS, SCREW BOLTS, SPIKES, AND OTHER HEADED FASTENINGS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Robert Moate at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
February 1859. A communication from Joseph Gibbs, of Alexandria, in
Egypt.
I, CHARLES ROBERT MOATE, of Sixty-five, Old Broad Street, in the City of
London, Metal Broker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NUTS, SCREW BOLTS, SPIKES, AND
OTHER HEADED FASTENINGS," being a communication from Joseph Gibbs, of
Alexandria, in Egypt, to be as follows:-
The Invention for improvements in the manufacture of nuts, screw bolts,
spikes, and other headed fastenings, consists of two parts, the first part of
which relates to the manufacture of nuts, screw bolts, spikes, and other headed
fastenings, and the second part relates to manner of casting the aforesaid
nuts, and also casting and fixing the heads to screw bolts, spikes, and other
headed fastenings.
The first part of the Invention is accomplished by causing the shanks of the
screw bolts, spikes, and other headed fastenings to be burred or upset so as to
cause a swell on the part on which the head is to be cast, and then a founderers
flask is prepared, in which a pattern exactly corresponding to the intended
bolt or other fastening is properly moulded, and in so much of the space
which represents the shank the prepared shank before described is placed,
and into the hollow in the sand or loam left for the head the melted iron or
other metal is run in, which uniting with the burred shank completes the

page_text: bolt or other fastening; and for the preparation of screw nut I proceed in tho
same way by preparing a pattern of the nut and moulding it, but when the
pattern is withdrawn from the flask, I place in the centre of the space repre-
senting the nuts a piece of iron tubing, cut in length to correspond with the
thickness of the intended nut, the tubing being first filled with sand or loam
to prevent the metal getting into it; this tubing so prepared is placed in the
recess left by the pattern (and forms the hole in the nut), the metal is
then cast round it, and from the great heat of the metal unites with the
tubing, the nut is then taped in the usual manner, the threads being cut in
the wrought iron of the tube, and it is prefered to make the heads and nuts
and bolts of iron of the quality called malleable cast iron, but ordinary grey
foundry pig iron will answer especially where the bolts are large.
The second part of the Invention consists in making or moulding strips or
plates of loam, which after being dried or baked may be cut by machines
into indentations or recesses, which indentations and recesses will form the
bottoms for receiving the shanks aforesaid, and also form the recesses into
which the metal may be cast for forming either the heads of the screw bolts
or other fastenings aforesaid, or forming the recess for the nuts to be cast
round the wrought-iron tubing before described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GOFFERING MACHINES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Thomas Deuham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
May 1859.
I, WILLIAM THOMAS DENHAM, of Wilmington Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Trimming Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GOFFERING MACHINES,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in uniting the goffering strips, beads, or plates by
means of rods, which are passed through rows of chains made of links joined
by the rods themselves, and in forming the strips, beads, or plates with a
groove for the rods to lie in.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CATCHING AND DESTROYING FLIES AND OTHER INSECTS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Mather at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd April
1859.
I, WILLIAM MATHER, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Wholesale Druggist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CATCHING AND DESTROYING FLIES AND OTHER
INSECTS," to be as follows:-
Instead of placing poisonous matter on plates, dishes, or other domestic
vessels for the purpose of destroying flies and insects, the said system being
dangerous to human life on account of the vessels being generally within
reach of children, I make shallow dishes or vessels of tin, zinc, or other
suitable metal or material, with holes, perforations, or projections in the sides
thereof to allow of string or other material to be easily attached to them,
whereby the vessel can be hung to the ceiling of a room or other convenient
position where it will be out of the way, and thus avoid danger. In the
vessel I place any of the well-known poisonous or adhesive substance or
substances generally used for such purposes.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF BASKETS AND OTHER ARTICLES USUALLY MADE OF WICKERWORK, AND NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE SAID MANUFACTURE
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Waide Reynolds and
Enoch Dance at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 17th October 1859.
We, GEORGE WAIDE REYNOLDS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, and ENOCH DANCE, of Birmingham aforesaid, Manager of
Works, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR
IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF BASKETS AND OTHER ARTICLES USUALLY MADE OF
WICKERWORK, AND NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE SAID
MANUFACTURE," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists, firstly, in making baskets and other articles usually
made of wickerwork, such, for example, as gig bodies and the bodies of
perambulators, of a fabric or material consisting of cane or rattan made into
wickerwork, the said fabric or material being made either wholly of cane or
rattan, or having wire in the warp.
In making articles of the said fabric or material we employ machinery
resembling a loom in most essential respects, but having the additions or
modifications herein-after explained. The said machinery constitutes the
second part of our Invention. To the breast of the loom we attach two guides,
the said guides nearly resembling the letter V inverted. These fit upon one
another, and when it is wished to produce an angle in the work being made,
the fabric, which during its manufacture is passed between the guides, is
compressed by the said guides being brought and fixed very near to one
another. One half the weft is put in the fabric before it enters the guides,

page_text: and the other half is put in during the time it is being compressed between
the guides. In order to prevent the fabric from being loosely woven, we press
the warp laterally by means of a right and a left handed screw worked by a
winch.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRO- PELLING VESSELS THROUGH WATER
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Symons at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th December
1859.
I, THOMAS SYMONS, of Plymouth, in the County of Devon, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRO-
PELLING VESSELS THROUGH WATER," to be as follows :-
My Invention relates to the propulsion of men-of-war and other ships or
vessels, and consists in placing two submerged screw propellers one above the
other on different horizontal shafts working in an aperture in the dead wood
of the vessel. Each of these propellers being of a less diameter than the
solitary one in present use may be driven at a greater speed without producing
the like vibration, and the risk of their fouling by floating materials or being
struck by shot will be greatly diminished.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING CHENILLE
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Thomas Hughes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
August 1859. A communication from abroad by Jean Baptiste Mallion,
Merchant, residing at Saint Chamond (Departement de la Loire), in the
Empire of France.
I, EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes & Son, Patent Agents,
128, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING
CHENILLE," a communication from abroad by Jean Baptiste Mallion, Merchant,
residing at Saint Chamond (Departement de la Loire), in the Empire of
France, to be as follows:-
I employ the ordinary braiding machine with certain alterations or modifi-
cations in the framework, so that some additional parts and movements may
be added to adapt it for the manufacture of chenille. The revolving plates or
discs having semicircular indents for holding the spindles are operated upon by
a pully and gearing as required; and the spindles, with their mounted
bobbins covered with silk, cotton, or other material, are transposed from one
disc to another, according to the desired pattern, by claws or catches in the
usual manner.
I also employ two flat wires of widths corresponding with the desired thick-
ness of the chenille, and cause them to be rolled on a drum having an equal
speed with the drum for holding the finished fabric, so that they uniformly
travel together as the work proceeds. The threads of silk encircle the wires,

page_text: and the cotton or other material retains the silk in the form of a plaited string
on one of their angles.
The spindles and bobbins are revolved and transposed around a tube which
changes at the top from the cylindrical to the cubical form, and is furnished
with an adjusting screw plate for maintaining the two covered wires against
each other as they pass through the tube, from whence they proceed onwards
to one or more guides, a spring pad and cover being employed so that they
are guided with exactness, and vertical action prevented. I connect to the
support of the guides a blade or knife, which as the work moves onwards, cuts
the tissue, and forms it into chenille, at the same time setting free the wires
which pass between plates, so as to press the wires against each other after
their separation by the knife, so that they may be wound on a drum, and be
ready for future action.
A NEW COMPOUND LIQUID FOR ILLUMINATING PURPOSES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Moule at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th April
1859.
I, JOHN MOULE, of Seabright Place, Hackney Road, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
COMPOUND LIQUID FOR ILLUMINATING PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in mixing alcohol with turpentine or other hydro-
carbons, so as to form a liquid suitable for illuminating purposes. The
following are the average proportions of the ingredients composing the above-
named liquid-First, to pure or mythylated alcohol add 1 part of pyroligneous
wood spirit, so that when mixed they are of the specific gravity of about 820,
at a temperature of about 60 degrees; add 3 parts of rectified spirits of
turpentine to 16 parts of the before-mentioned alcoholic mixture. If a larger
quantity of spirits of turpentine is required, then add about one part of pure
benzole, distillates of coal tar, or other hydrocarbons to 16 parts of the above
alcoholic mixture; this will enable a larger quantity of turpentine to mix with
the alcohol, and modify the character of the flame.
A METHOD OF CONDENSING AND CONSUMING SMOKE AND OTHER PRODUCTS OF COALS, ORES, AND SIMILAR SUBSTANCES, AND REDUCING THEM TO USEFUL MATERIALS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Ireland Watts, John
Offord, and John Roberts Thomas at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 13th August 1859.
We, RICHARD IRELAND WATTS, of Plymouth, in the County of Devon,
Merchant, JOHN OFFORD, of the same Place, Gentleman, and JOHN ROBERTS
THOMAS, also of the same Place, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "A METHOD OF CONDENSING AND CONSUMING SMOKE AND
OTHER PRODUCTS OF COALS, ORES, AND SIMILAR SUBSTANCES, AND REDUCING THEM
TO USEFUL MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
A fan or fans (or mechanism of the like character) is or are made to revolve
bebind the fire, thus creating a strong draught, and drawing all the smoke
into a channel where it is met by jets of steam, aqueous vapour, or water forced
from revolving perforated tubes in the flue, or from fixed perforated surfaces.
The smoke is further amalgamated with water upon reaching the fan, or by
steam or water being driven into the fan at the top, or by means of a per-
forated hollow axle whereby all the black particles of the smoke are thoroughly
blended with water or aqueous vapour, and as the liquid flows from the fan, it
s met by a further shower, and carried into the receiver. One or more fans
may be thus used. Further, although the above might, in some cases, be
sufficient, yet in order to the full and complete carrying out of our Invention,
he gases should be made to pass into a second fan to prepare them for com-
bustion, where they are again mingled with water or aqueous vapour, as before
lescribed, and then pass, if necessary, through a receiver to be purified by coke,

page_text: charcoal, and other materials; the medium of passage through the said
The
purifying materials being tubes, of perforated metal or wire gauze.
combustible gases can be used for intensifying the heat of the furnace or fire,
or for the purpose of illumination, and these products (being mixed smoke,
water, and such like) form very good liquid or solidified manure. The above 5
is a description of the nature of the Invention, the details whereof
varied in practice.
may be
IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING UP NEEDLES, STEEL PENS, AND OTHER SMALL ARTICLES FOR SALE
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Spendlove Desborough at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd April 1859.
I, SPENDLOVE DESBOROUGH, of No. 24, Noble Street, in the City of London,
Agent; do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MAKING UP NEEDLES, STEEL PENS, AND OTHER SMALL ARTICLES FOR SALE," to be
as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in making up needles, steel
pens, or other small articles into convenient packages for sale and use. For
this purpose when making up needles into packets for sale according to my
Invention, I take a piece of paper, tin, or other metal foil, stiffened fabric, or
other suitable material, and of suitable form, and by means of dies or tools
I form or impress on part of the surface of such material a number of grooves,
channels, or corrugations according to the number of needles the package is
intended to contain, and I afterwards fold over those parts of the material
which are not impressed with grooves, and secure them over the grooved
portion of the material, leaving one end of such series of grooves open to
introduce the needles, that end being afterwards covered by a loose flap
folding over, or similar cases or packets for containing needles may be made
by covering one or both sides of a piece of grooved or corrugated foil, or other
suitable material, leaving one end of such series of grooves or corrugations
open to receive the needles, and closing such end by a folding flap as before
described, and in order to retain the needles in the grooves of the cases when
in use, or in similar cases made without flaps or covers, I introduce into such
cases, when being made up, a thin strip of magnetized iron or steel, which will

page_text: attract the needles and prevent them falling out of the grooves, and this part
of my Invention is applicable to cases of every description for holding needles,
steel pens, or other small articles of iron or steel, when it is desired to retain
them from falling out of such cases or holders.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PRESSED BULLETS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Handson Rollet at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
December 1859.
I, GEORGE HANDSON ROLLET, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED MACHINE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PRESSED BULLETS," to be as follows
(that is to say):
To construct a machine according to this Invention two screwed shafts or
rods are mounted in line with each other, and work through fixed hollow
screws supported on or formed in metalic standards springing from a suitable
bed plate; about midway between the screw supporters a third standard or
lump is formed, with a cylindrical hole (of the same diameter as the bullets
required to be produced by the machine) bored through it in line with the
axis of the screwed shafts. One of the screwed shafts is used to advance and
withdraw a piston or plunger which works into the hole in the standard
between the points of the screws. On the outer end of this plunger is formed
the male die for forming the cupped rear end of the bullet, and the other
screw is used to carry the female die which gives the form to the front of the
bullet.
The dies are made to advance and receed with a steady motion by means of
grooved or other suitable guides.
The mode of forming bullets by the aid of this improved machine is as

page_text: follows: Take a round bar of drawn lead or other soft metal having a rather
less diametre than that of the bullets to be made, cut it into short lengths of
the required weight, then by hand or any other convenient method insert into
the cylindrical hole in the upright standard one of the lengths of metal, then
bring up the female die by means of its screw against the side of the standard,
where it will take into a recess formed to receive it, then press the metal into
form by the screw which carries the piston, herein-before described, then
withdraw the female die and force out the bullet from the cylindrical hole by
advancing the piston, after which withdraw the piston to its normal position,
then repeat the operation as often as required. The screws may be actuated
through crank handles, wheels, or in any other convenient way.
It will be readily seen that this machine may be modified in various way,
so as to produce one, two, three, or any required number of bullets at one
operation of the machine, by means of additional sets of dies mounted on face
plates moved as herein-before described, or additional screws, cams, or
exentrics may be used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AFRICAN OR GUINEA RODS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Elliott at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th Sep-
tember 1859.
I, WILLIAM ELLIOTT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF AFRICAN OR GUINEA RODS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
African or Guinea rods. Heretofore African or Guinea rods have been made
by casting the metal into an ingot, then rolling the same into a long strip or
sheet, which is then slit into rods of a rectangular section, such rods have then
been rolled between grooved rollers till they have been reduced in diameter, and
rendered nearly of a circular section; they have then been finished by drawing
through dies or holes to the diameter desired, the metal being annealed from
time to time.
Now this Invention consists in casting an ingot by preference of a cylindrical
form, then rolling the same hot between grooved rolls till it is reduced to the
diameter desired, heating the metal to a red heat from time to time in
order to roll hot, and the rods are finished by being pickled and then rolled
between smooth hard grooved rollers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONDENSING DISTILLED FATTY MATTERS
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Thornhill Simpson, of Walton, near Wake-
field, in the County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR CONDENSING DISTILLED FATTY MATTERS."
Sealed the 16th March 1860, and dated the 28th September 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Thornhill Simpson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 28th September 1859.
I, EDWARD THORNHILL SIMPSON, of Walton, near Wakefield, in the County
of York, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONDENSING DISTILLED FATTY MATTERS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in condensing distilled fatty matters by passing the
fatty vapours from a still through a horizontal pipe or passage of copper or
other metal, having apertures at the top and bottom; these apertures may be
fitted with pipes furnished with taps. Through the apertures at the top side
of the pipe the lighter and impure gases partially escape, and the residue go
forward to the end of the pipe, and are there condensed. Through the

page_text: apertures at the lower side or bottom of the pipe the fat acids pass out, and
are collected. By this process the foul smell or odour hitherto found to exist
in distilled grease is altogether separated from the grease, or is diminished to
a very much greater extent than hitherto.
A NEW METHOD OF MANUFACTURING PLAIN, FIGURED, STRIPED, AND PLAITED TEXTILE FABRICS IN IMITATION OF LOOM MADE FABRICS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Manlove and William
Hodgkinson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 22nd March 1859.
We, THOMAS MANLOVE, of Radford Grove, Lace Manufacturer, and
WILLIAM HODGKINSON, of New Lenton, Draughtsman, both in the County of
Nottingham, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
NEW METHOD OF MANUFACTURING PLAIN, FIGURED, STRIPED, AND PLAITED TEXTILE
FABRICS IN IMITATION OF LOOM MADE FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in manufacturing plain, figured, striped, and plaited
textile fabrics by the aid of ordinary twist lace machinery, such as is at present
commonly employed in and for the manufacture of bobbin net and other lace,
but with the addition thereto of other and novel mechanism; the intention of
this Invention being to produce fabrics which shall, in their general appear-
ance, resemble fabrics such as are now manufactured in looms. The nature
of this Invention will be best understood by the following description of the
means by which it may be effected, as follows:-To manufacture plain fabrics.
it is proposed to arrange and dispose the weft and warp threads on beams
placed one above the other, at back and front of the machine, and work them
to a carriage, the fabric being made in sections according to the guage of the
machine. To manufacture figured fabrics we propose to employ a similar
arrangement of the weft threads and warp threads to the foregoing; but we
employ more weft threads, some colored and some plain, and such of the
threads as are intended to produce the pattern we pass through perforated bars,

page_text: for which said bars Letters Patent bearing date the 15th day of December
1849, & numbered 12,897, were granted to James Oldknow, under the title of
"Manufacture of Lace and other Fabrics;" these patent bars we connect to
an ordinary jacquard engine for producing the desired figure, stripe, or pattern,
and operate therewith in the manner commonly practised in lace machinery.
To manufacture plaited fabrics according to this Invention, we employ an
additional number of warp threads, and this in connection with a jacquard
engine or not, according as it is required to produce either plain, figured, or
striped plaited fabrics. By different arrangements of warp threads and colored
warp threads any kind of figuring or pattern can be produced on the fabric,
this Invention consisting in wrking large quantities of warp threads to a
carriage, and operating upon the same in such manner as to produce a fabric
similar to a loom made fabric, as above stated.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WRINGING AND MANGLING TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Bradford at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
December 1859.
I, THOMAS BRADFORD, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WRINGING AND MANGLING TEXTILE FABRICS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to that description of wringing and mangling
machinery wherein rollers are employed, and the pressure thereupon obtained
by weighted levers, and in which machines expensive and heavy framework has
hitherto been required. My improvements are designed for the purpose of
producing such wringing and mangling machines at a less expensive rate and
of a lighter construction without sacrificing the strength of the apparatus.
The improvements consist in a novel and peculiar form and construction of the
framework and arrangement of the levers of such machines, which render
them capable of being easily and speedily erected, and allows of the force or
pressure of the weights to act truly vertically or in a direct line from the centre
of the rollers to the weighted levers, which will effect a further economy in the
absence of such truly vertical pressure has hitherto caused much destruction
to the teeth of the wheels driving the rollers. The precise form or con-
figuration and construction of the framework will be fully shewn in the
Drawings attached to my Final Specification hereafter to be filed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FINISHING DYED PIECE GOODS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry William Ripley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
September 1859.
I, HENRY WILLIAM RIPLEY, of Bradford, in the County of York, Dyer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FINISHING DYED PIECE GOODS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improvement in the process of finishing piece
goods, for which I obtained Her Majesty's Letters Patent bearing date
November 19th, 1850, & numbered 13,360. In the Specification of this
Patent I described a mode of treating woollen and other piece goods dyed
to a black or dark tint to improve their colour and appearance. This I
effected by applying a minute portion of oil or saponaceous matter to the
surface thereof by means of friction. I have found, however, that unless
great care is used, the oil is liable to be applied in excess, and also from the
necessity of saturating the goods with dye liquor an excess of the dye is liable
to be retained in the fabric after the finishing process, and which has hitherto
never been successfully removed. Now, in order to remove or fix this excess
of coloring matter, and also to neutralize the grease applied to the fabric, I
propose to pass the piece goods, after being oiled, through a trough containing
fuller's earth and water, and cause them to traverse again and again through the
same by the agency of rollers until the oil or grease has completely combined

page_text: with the fuller's earth; I then run the goods through clean water for the purpose
of clearing them of the earthy and other matters. By this means I am
enabled effectually to prevent black cloths and other piece goods from soiling
light goods when brought into contact therewith.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSHES AND BROOMS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Plantier at [the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th October
1859.
I, JOSEPH PLANTIER, of Paris, France, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSHES AND BROOMS,"
to be as follows:-
These improvements relate to that description of brushes or brooms provided
with a handle as are made use of for rubbing, washing, or cleansing floors,
brushing carpets or tapestry, whitewashing or roughly painting walls, or other
similar purposes. The same consist in connecting the handle to the broom or
brush by means of any suitable joint or articulation, such, for instance, as a
knuckle, universal, or other joint, allowing the brush in whatever position of
the handle properly to come in contact with the surface the same has to act
upon, a spring giving sufficient elasticity to the action of the brush, while on
the other hand this latter may be momentarily fixed to the handle in any
suitable position by a hook or any other similar means. As a connecting joint
I prefer simply fixing in the back of the brush, towards the middle of its
length, two small ears or ring screws, in the ears or rings of which turn the
ends of one arm of a T-shaped piece, the other arm of which is fixed to the end
of the handle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF CREATING A DRAUGHT SO AS TO REMOVE THE GASES WHICH MAY BE PRODUCED BY COMBUSTION, OR FROM PLACES WHERE GASES MAY BE GENERATED, WHERE THEY MAY BE DETRI- MENTAL TO HEALTH
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert William Sievier at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
September 1859.
I, ROBERT WILLIAM SIEVIER, of Upper Holloway, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, but now residing in the City of Hamburgh, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF CREATING
A DRAUGHT SO AS TO REMOVE THE GASES WHICH MAY BE PRODUCED BY COMBUSTION,
OR FROM PLACES WHERE GASES MAY BE GENERATED, WHERE THEY MAY BE DETRI-
MENTAL TO HEALTH," to be as follows:-
In the peculiar formation of the chimney flue or funnell through which the
gases are drawn, the flue or funnell having at the same time a nozzle or
nozzles, or jet or jets of air, steam, or gases so arranged inside that they may
impinge upon certain parts of this chimney, flue, or funnell, and produce the
effect desired, and also create a draught by mechanical means to produce the
same effect as that produced by the jets above alluded to.
AN IMPROVE- MENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN CONNECTING BROOMS WITH THEIR STICKS OR HANDLES
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Isaac Alfred Read, of Smethwick, near Birmingham;
in the County of Warwick, Draughtsman, and William Rennie, of
Birmingham, aforesaid, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVE-
MENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN CONNECTING BROOMS WITH THEIR STICKS OR
HANDLES."
Sealed the 22nd May 1860, and dated the 25th November 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Isaac Alfred Read and
William Rennie at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 25th November 1859.
We, ISAAC ALFRED READ, of Smethwick, near Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Draughtsman, and William Rennie, of Birmingham, aforesaid,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN CONNECTING BROOMS WITH THEIR STICKS OB.
HANDLES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists of the method or methods herein-after explained of
connecting brooms with their sticks or handles in place of inserting the end of
the broomstick in a hole in the broom, and fixing it by means of nailing, as
ordinarily practised. We fix on the end of the broomstick a metallic cap or
ferrule, the said cap or ferrule being screwed in its interior, and fixed on the

page_text: broomstick by being screwed thereon. On the end of the said cap or ferrule
is a projecting peg or tube having a screw on its outside, and the said peg or
tube is fixed to the broom by being screwed in a hole in the head of the broom.
By this method of connection the broomstick can be readily connected with
and disconnected from the broom at pleasure. Instead of screwing the cap or
ferrule on the end of the broomstick, we sometimes make the said cap or
ferrule without an internal screw, and fix the said cap or ferrule on the end
of the broomstick by means of a screw passed through a hole in the side of
the said cap or ferrule.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SIGNAL AND LIGHTHOUSE LAMPS AND LANTERNS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Weir Draper Brown at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th July 1859.
I, JOHN WEIR DRAPER BROWN, of Lewisham, in the County of Kent,
Surgeon, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SIGNAL AND LIGHTHOUSE LAMPS AND LANTERNS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing the lenses for signal and lighthouse
lamps and lanterns, whether formed of several separate pieces united by being
ground at the edges as described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to
ine and George Gibson Brown on the 16th August 1856, No. 1917, or otherwise,
by superposing one or more tiers of such lenses. My Invention also consists
in the employment for each separate tier of lenses of a separate light or lights.
I find much better effects are obtained by the arrangement just described than
by the employment according to the present custom of one high lens with one
light or set of lights. Instead of each tier of lenses being composed of several
separate small lenses, each tier or row may be cast or formed in one piece.
The tiers of lenses may extend entirely or only partially round the lamp or
lantern, as circumstances may require.
The main feature of my present Invention consists in the employment of
two or more tiers or rows of lenses superposed with a separate light or set of
lights for each tier or row, or with one light or set of lights for the whole
of the tiers or rows.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR CUTTING-OUT CLOTHING, AND EVERY DESCRIPTION OF TEXTILE FABRICS Cutting for
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Allen at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd December
1859.
I, THOMAS ALLEN, of Waingate, Sheffield, in the County of Yorkshire,
Clothier, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MACHINERY FOR CUTTING-OUT CLOTHING, AND EVERY DESCRIPTION OF TEXTILE
FABRICS," to be as follows:-
My Invention, which I propose calling "Allen's Patent Endless Band
Cutting Machine for Clothing, &c.," has reference to cutting out clothing and
other textile fabrics in large or small quantities, and is especially useful to
tailors, shirt makers, boot & shoe manufacturers, slop sellers, outfitters,
india-rubber and waterproof manufacturers, and other extensive manufacturers
of clothing or other similar material. The ordinary modo of cutting out by
shears being slow and troublesome, and the machinery now in use being very
costly, I effect the cutting out rapidly, and by a much cheaper process. My
Invention consists of an endless band of steel or other metal forming a knife
or cutter, revolving round two or more drums or pulleys of suitable dimensions,
in connection with machinery which may be readily put into operation by
steam or other power, or worked by the band, without the attendance of any
skilled artizan. The cloth or other fabric, being first folded to the required
number of garments to be cut, is then marked on the top layer the size and
style of the article required, which are placed against the cutting band or
bands, and upon being guided by the hands, or otherwise, with slight pressure,
the necessary forms are rapidly produced, and in large quantities.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOTTLE STANDS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Kelita Hardy at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th December
1859.
I, JAMES KELITA HARDY, of Fenchurch Street, in the City of London,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOTTLE STANDS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to prevent the drippings from the lip of sauce
and other bottles from soiling the table cloth on which they may be placed
for use. It is well known that sauce bottles will, after every pouring therefrom,
if the drop on the lip is not caught by the cork or stopper before the bottle is
put down, cause the disfigurement of the table cloth by reason of the sauce
streaming down the sides of the bottle. To provide against this, I
propose to
mount such bottles in metal or other stands, forming them of such size that
whether loose or made to grip the bottle, they shall be large enough at the lip
or edge to receive the drainings or droppings from the lip of the bottle inserted
therein.
The stands I fit either with a projecting lip or flange inclining inwards, or I
make the stands of such proportion with respect to the diameter of the bottles
they are intended to receive as to allow of the droppings running down within
the stands. In this instance to prevent the bottles from touching the side of
their stands at any part, and thereby inducing the droppings to flow over

page_text: instead of within the stands, I form a socket or seat in the bottom of the
stands to receive the bottle, and I thereby insure the inserted bottle standing
up therein clear of the sides of the stand, however carelessly it may be
inserted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES FOR CARDING COTTON, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ralph Bates at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th October
1859. A communication from abroad by John Robinson, of New York,
United States of America.
I, RALPH BATES, of Castle Mills, Staleybridge, in the County of Lancaster,
Cotton Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES FOR CARDING COTTON, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES,"
a communication from abroad by John Robinson, of New York, United
States of America, to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object the performance of the operation tech-
nically termed "stripping," at the same time producing improved carding by
simple self-acting means, and consists in adding to carding engines one or
more card rollers, similar and in addition to the ordinary "licker-in," the first
"licker-in" delivering the fibrous material to the second, and the second to
the third (if three are employed), the third delivering to the "cylinder."
That "licker-in" which delivers to the cylinder is so arranged that an
increased speed can be given to it at those times when the "stripping" action
is required, this increased speed being such that the surface speed of the roller
or "licker-in" will exceed that of the "cylinder." A bar or comb is employed
to clear the stripping "licker-in" roller. When (as is commonly the case),
the number of carding engines are placed in a line, the stripping "licker-in
of each carding engine may be driven from one common shaft extending across
"

page_text: the line of engines, and this shaft may be driven by cone drums, so that its
speed may be increased at intervals, when the stripping action is required.
The belt on the cone drums may be traversed by hand when required, or by
suitable self-acting mechanism.