IMPROVEMENTS the for HOT WATER and in what manner the APPARATUS FOR DOMESTIC AND SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1885

page_text: COMPLETE DIBITI
We, JOHN ADDY HOPKINSON, and JOSEPH HOPKINSON, both of the firm of
J. Hopkinson & Co, of Huddersfield, in the County of York, Engineers, do hereby
IN
" IMPROVEMENTS
declare the nature of our invention for
HOT WATER
and in what manner the
APPARATUS FOR DOMESTIC AND SIMILAR PURPOSES
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by.
the following statement :-
"
Our invention relates to improvements in apparatus of the class described in
the specification of our former Letters Patent dated 11th February, A.D. 1884,
No 3108.
In the said specification, we have described cylinders of peculiar construction to
be substituted for the ordinary receptacles used in apparatus for supplying hot
water for domestic and similar purposes.
These cylinders, as described in our said specification, are constructed with a
shell or body of sheet metal having a corrugated, or similar configuration for the
purpose of preventing the collapse of the cylinder by reason of the existence of a
vacuum or partial vacuum therein.
This corrugated construction of the said portion of the hot-water apparatus is
fully efficient for the prevention of accidents from the above cause, but we have
ascertained that we can still further improve the said apparatus and increase its
efficiency as follows, that is to say:We combine, in the construction of the said
cylinder, the means for preventing its collapse, with means for resisting pressure
in the direction of its length, so that we obviate all possibility of danger or
inconvenience which might arise cither from the crushing in or flattening of its
sides, or from alteration in its length by reason of excessive pressure or of the
existence of a vacuum. For this purpose, we use the peculiar devices or arrange-
ments hereinafter described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
In these drawings,
Figures 1, 2, 3, are central vertical sections of cylinders constructed according to
our present invention.
Figure 1 is a horizontal section of the cylinder shewn in Figure 1.
Figure 4 is an elevation, partly in central vertical section, illustrating a modifi-

page_text: ·
Figures 5 and 6 are transverse sections of parts shewn in Figures 2 and 3,
drawn to an enlarged scale.
Figure 7 is an elevation of a cylinder, illustrating another modification of our
invention.
Like letters of reference indicate the same parts throughout the drawings.
We have shewn the shell or body a of the cylinder formed with regular or
uniform corrugatious throughout its length, and properly united to the end, or top
and bottom, plates b, c:
In Figures 1, 2, 3, the corrugations of the shell are annular; in figures 4 and 7
they are spiral. But we wish it distinctly understood that, inasmuch as the form,
pattern or arrangement of the corrugated surface of the shell, in any manner that
will strengthen the cylinder against external pressure, forms the subject of our said
former Letters Patent, it constitutes no part of our present invention, that is to
say, the cylinder or vessel may have its corrugations made annular or spiral
according to either of the herein described forms or examples, or as shewn in our
said former specification, or according to any other suitable manner or pattern.
And under the term corrugated we include any regular or irregular formation of
projections or depressions extending annularly or spirally in, and around, the shell.
In Figures 1 and 14, we have shewn a cylinder provided with longitudinal ties
formed of flat metal bars or strips & applied to the corrugated shell a of the
cylinder in such a manner as to resist elongation or contraction of the same.
These bars or strips are formed of thin copper or other suitable material, either
flat or of any other suitable form in transverse section. We have shewn four of
these longitudinal bars or strips d, but any other convenient number may be used.
The said bars d are attached to the corrugated shell at each end of the same, and
at such intermediate points as may be most desirable.
In the cylinder or vessel shewn in Figure 2, we tie the end plates b, c together
by means of a central rod or tube d¹ and we use, in combination therewith, the
peculiar devices shewn in Figures 5 and 6.
The device or part shewn in Figure 5 is constructed to serve the double purpose
of a coupling for the stay rod or tube d¹ and a connection for the relief or egress
pipe e.
The part which is formed of gun metal or other suitable material is attached
by its flange to the end plate b. It has a socket at f¹ formed with a screw-thread
corresponding with a thread on the end of the stay-rod d¹, which is thereby
securely united with the said socket. The said part f is provided with a screw-
cap f, which is to be placed over the collar on the end of the relief pipe c and
screwed down thereon to secure the said pipe in place, as shewn in Figures 2
and 3.
•
It will be seen that the aperture or way through the said device is so formed
that the free passage of the' water through the same will not be obstructed or
impeded by the socket f¹.
The device g shewn in Figure 6 is a flanged metal piece, which is secured to
the end plate c in any suitable manner; it has an aperture through which the
lower end of the rod or tube extends, and there is a nut at g¹ for securing
the said rod or tube in place.
The combination of these devices or parts f, g, with the stay rod or tube affords
very convenient means for adjusting the tension of the said rod, so that it may act
most effectually to ensure the stability of the ends and prevent alteration in the
length of the cylinder.
.
In Figure 3, we have shewn a cylinder in which we combine the tie bars or
strips shewn in Figure 1 with the central rod or tube and its connections as shewn
in Figure 2.
In Figure 4, we have shewn a cylinder corrugated uniformly or regularly, but
spirally instead of annularly as in Figures 1, 2 and 3. And we have shewn this
cylinder provided with the central stay rod and connections such as those shewn

page_text: in Figures 2 and 3 in combination with the flat bars or strips arranged as shewn
in Figure 1.
The ends of our improved cylinders are made either plain or corrugated and
either curved or flat in transverse section, as may be desired.
"
The cylinder shewn in Figure 7 is corrugated in a peculiar manner, that is to
say, its corrugations are formed spirally around the shell with a very "quick
inclination or pitch, as in the case of a screw with a double or other multiple
thread. This arrangement is a development of the principle utilized by us for
resisting external pressure, as set forth in our said former specification, and affords
the means whereby we further utilize the corrugated formation for the purpose of
our present invention, that is to say, by forming the ribs, projections or corru-
gations as shewn, they extend in a direction favorable to their efficiency in
resisting endwise stress, and therefore will, to some extent, effect, or assist in
effecting, the purpose of our invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is
The improvements relating to hot-water apparatus and consisting in the
combination, with the corrugated, or similarly formed, cylinder or vessel, of means
substantially as herein described for resisting endwise pressure, for the purposes
specified
Dated this 27th day of February 1885.
JOSEPH HOPKINSON,
For self and the said John Addy Hopkinson.
Haseltine, Lake & Co.,
Agents.