IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO MAGNETO MOTORS
Year: 1885

page_text: I GEORGE CUMBERPATCH of No 11 Little Queen Street Storeys Gate Westminster
in the County of Middlesex Mechanical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of
the invention communicated to me from abroad for IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO
MAGNETO MOTORS to be as follows:-
"
This invention is based on the adaptation of the "Recordon Electro Magnet
(Patent No 4800 AD 1883) to Sewing Machines Knitting Machines and other small
apparatus the motion being derived from the attractive power the electro magnet
has upon an armature The improvement in this apparatus consists of a projecting
lip or elongation of one of the poles of the electro magnet by which means the
intensity of attraction during the motion of the armature towards the poles is
equalised.
The electro magnet may have a hollow core or a full one The armature is
hinged at one end and attracted at the other by the pole of the Electro Magnet
formed with the above projecting lip.
This lip is a piece of iron cut out or slotted in such a manner that the end of the
armature is enabled to pass through the said slot nearly touching the inner surfaces
of the same―The attractive power will commence when the lower edge of the
armature is approaching the lip which becomes highly magnetised when the current
passes through the bobbin.
The movement so obtained of the free end of the Armature is utilized for the
purpose of driving machinery by means of suitable connections and gearing.
The motors are of two distinct forms.
"
(a) Motors obtained by direct application of the "Recordon Electro Magnets
to the frames of sewing or knitting machines (b) Separate motors from which
power will be transmitted in the ordinary way by belts or strings.
When applied to existing Machines two four or more Electro Magnets are fixed
on a plate or other frame which may be easily attached to the existing frame of
the Sewing Machine.
This plate also carries the supporting studs of the levers which are connected
with the free ends of the armatures and which by means of links and connecting
.
•

page_text: rods command a crank shaft provided by prolonging the ordinary shaft of the
Machine.
The two shafts can be brought into connection by a coupling.
The electro magnets are arranged in such a manner as to work alternately so
that each may give a pull to the crank & turn the shaft of the machine a continuous
revolution being thus obtained and the dead points being entirely dispensed with.
The ordinary mechanism of the machine need not be unmounted. If the operator
desires to work the machine by foot it is only necessary to withdraw the coupling,
the shaft of the sewing or other machine will then be quite separate from the
mechanism of the electro magnets, and the latter with their armatures connecting
rods, levers and links will stand still provided that no current is led through the
bobbins of the electro magnets.
The magnets usually four in number may be arranged in various ways. Two
may be vertical and two horizontal or all may be in a horizontal or vertical
position For these different arrangements the form & disposition of the levers &
connecting rods is varied to suit any such particular arrangement or machine.
The separate motors are composed of 2 frames fixed on a base plate carrying the
shaft with fly wheel driving pulleys collectors &-On the outer sides of the frames
plates are fixed which carry the electro-magnets of any suitable number and such
mechanism as may be necessary for transmitting the motion from the Armatures
preferably 2 electro magnets are placed in an inclined position forming in shape an
upright V, or reversed A with one common armature between them which is
alternately attracted by the 2 magnets the fulcrum of the armature fixed in the
angle of the V or A being above or below the electro magnets as the case may be.
The Collectors are in the firstly described class of motor placed on the
supplementary shaft formed as above stated by the elongation of the ordinary
shaft of the machine and in the secondly described class of motor on both sides of
the fly wheel near to the supporting frames.
The Collectors are composed of a strip of metal with projections, formed into a
ring and pushed on a bush of ivory or hard rubber. Springs of metal supported
by a hard rubber block press against the Collectors in such a manner that,
alternately two springs, by means of the first and two by the second Collector will
be in leading connection as soon as the Collectors revolve. Wires attached to the
springs lead to the electro magnets and to the batteries-The Collectors are so
arranged that one is only in connection with 2 electro magnets and one battery, so
that for 4 magnets 2 separate batteries are used one battery feeding 2 electro
magnets only.
Between the electros and the batteries the commutator is placed. It is composed
of a disc of hard rubber carrying insulated from each other blades with lateral
terminals from which wires lead to the separate batteries.
The commutator may be turned and brought into such a position that the ends
of the blades are in contact with two blocks of metal insulated from each other
from each of these blocks two wires lead to two electros. Thus 2 separate systems
are formed each composed of one battery two electro magnets one collector one
blade on the commutator and one separate metal block. The batteries employed
separately as above may be made to work together by connecting the insulated
blocks and blades.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Electro-magneto Motors.
I GEORGE CUMBERPATCH of No 11 Little Queen Street Storeys Gate West-
minster Mechanical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of invention (a
communication from abroad) and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention is based on the application of the Electromagnet Recorder Patent
No 4800-1883 to sewing machines knitting machines and other small apparatus
in order to derive motion from the attractive power the electro-magnet has upon
its armature. By means of an advanced lip or prolongation of one of the poles of
my electromagnet I contrive to equalize the intensity of attraction during the
motion of the armature towards the poles-This is an improvement of great
importance and conduces much to the practical utilization of the attractive force
of my electro magnets. Two distinct forms of motors are described (a) Motors
obtained by the direct application of my electro magnets to the frames and
mechanism of the machine to be driven and (b) Motors from which power will be
transmitted in the ordinary way by belts strings or other suitable gearing These
motors are comprised of three essential parts 1 The mechanism of levers
connecting rods armatures and electros 2 The collector and 3 The commutator.
In the accompanying drawings Figures 1 and 2 shew the side and end elevation
of an electro magnet with its hollow core N and cheeks J J' having the flats m m³
which form the poles By these poles the armature A one end of which is hinged
at C and fixed to the electro by a screw u while the other end is free is attracted
A piece of iron E is attached to the pole m¹ and is cut out as shewn by the lines
a b c d ab being flush with the pole and c d forming a prolongation or advanced
lip which becomes highly magnetised when the current passes through the bobbin
and has an attractive power on the armature when the lower edge is approaching
cd then a strong attractive power is developed the whole time the under edge of
the armature is moving from c to b. n is a piece of iron which receives the end of
a connecting rod at B or other suitable point-These electro-magnets are the
principal agents in my improved motors and may be of a round oval square or other
suitable form-a full instead of a hollow core may also be used.
The method of application to existing machines as for example a sewing machine,
is shewn at Figure 3. The electro magnets two four or more in number are fixed
on a plate or other frame and which may be readily attached to the existing frame
of the sewing machine. The plate carries the supports for the two levers L L'
which by means of the connecting rods a b command the double crank m m¹ of a
small shaft (Figure 4) which has been provided by a prolongation of the ordinary
shaft of the machine. This supplementary shaft A carrying at one end the double
crank m m¹ and at the other end a supplementary fly wheel B is supported by
bearings of any convenient form c c between them the collectors are placed these
collectors are fully described below. The short ends of the levers L L¹ (having

page_text: their fulcrums in ƒ ƒ¹) are connected with the free end of the armatures g
(Figure 3) by rods e passing through holes bored in the armatures (or their pro-
longations n Figure 1) The connections are secured by balls d having set screws
and sliding on the rods e This arrangement admits of an easy regulation of the
play of the armatures so that the electros work in good alternate order the battery
being thereby fully employed The current (as will be explained below) is led
through the electro B¹ which by means of its armature puts a pressure upon the
rode therefore by means of the lever L the rod b will thrust the crank m¹
the shaft making a quarter of its revolution the current then passes through the
electro B and the play of its armature being transmitted to the crank m by means
of the rode lever L' and rod a will impart a second quarter of its revolution to
the shaft the electro B' will now work and by means of lever L and rod b give a
pull to the crank m¹ which at this time has arrived at a position opposite to that
shewn in the drawing finally the current passes through the electro B³ and a pull
is transferred by lever L' and rod a to the crank m and the last fourth of the
revolution is made a continuous revolution is thus obtained in the direction of the
arrow h and the dead points are entirely overcome V shews the ordinary hand
wheel of the sewing machine which receives its motion in the well known manner
from the fly wheel and treadles under the table it is preferable to retain this
ordinary mechanism for foot motion as the operator may desire to work the
machine at times in that way it being sufficient in such case to withdraw the stud D
of the fly wheel B (figure 4) from the hole in wheel V the shaft A being separate
from the shaft of the sewing machine the whole mechanism of armatures rods
and levers will be motionless provided no current is led through the bobbins
of the electro-magnets Figure 5 shews the manner in which the electros are
fixed on the bed plate or frame preferably the plate and supports S are cast
in one in some non magnetic metal the supports receiving in their upper
surface (which is hollowed) the cheeks of the electro magnets a screw v being
Bufficient to fix them-Figure 6 shows a modified arrangement of the electros
in a sewing machine-here two of the electros are vertical and the levers L L¹ are
knee levers this system leads to the modification shewn at Figure 7 where the
four electros are in vertical position and the knee levers L L turning on the same
fulcrum. The links T T connecting the armatures can be constructed as shewn at
Figure 8 The ends a bare hinged to the armatures and the middle receives in a
slot c the short ends of the knee levers which move freely with a little play
against the ends of the slot the ends being rounded as shewn by the dotted lines
this play is necessary to overcome the dead points so that the short end of the
knee lever can move further in the hole c when the armature touches the pole of its
respective electro-magnet P P¹ are weights to counterbalance the levers L L¹
The common fulcrum may be separated if necessary but would not alter the
position of the electro magnets and their armatures The vertical position has this
advantage the weight of the armatures is perfectly counterbalanced and the
armatures obey more readily the attractive force while in the horizontal position
the weight of the armatures must be lifted up after each attraction and in going
down again the weight is not fully utilized the succeeding motions being so quickly
effected I will now describe the separate motors of my construction Figures 9
The frames
and 10 show such a separate motor in perspective and side elevation.
on base plate D carry the shaft with fly wheel V driving pulleys T and collectors o c¹
On the outer sides of the frames C C₁ plates B are fixed which carry the electro
magnets in any number requisite and the mechanism in any of the forms above
described in figures 3, 6 and 7 Figure 11 represents a separate motor having the
electro magnets in an inclined position with one common armature any remnant
magnetism in the armature will be entirely dispensed with when the bobbins of the
electros are wound in opposite directions the position of the electros may also be
reversed as shewn at figure 11 so that the fulcrum a of the common armature A
is above the electros This arrangement is desirable when a low frame for the

page_text: machine is necessary The form figure 11 requires a comparatively high frame.
while according to the arrangement figure 11 the shaft of the machine can be
placed right above the fulcrum a of the armature The latter carries a prolonga-
tion e with small pulley g working in the fork F of knee lever L which commands
the rod b connected with the crank pin In order to overcome the dead points the
lower end of rod b may be provided with an elongated hole the same or any other
suitable provision may be made on the connecting rod of the machine Figure 11-
In figure 11 the armature A is common to two electromagnets in figure 11 bis a
contrary arrangement is shewn two armatures being adapted to one electro magnet
The armatures being attracted simultaneously may be connected to levers a b by
links c d and motion derived from the ends of levers a b and utilized in any
convenient manner Little need be said about the collectors which are of the
usual form and which in the firstly described class of machine are placed on the
supplementary shaft (Figures 4 and 12) between the fly wheel and the cranks and
in the secondly described class of machine on both sides of the fly wheel near the .
supporting frames (figure 10) Figure 12 shews between the fly wheel V and the
double crank m m' the two separate collectors each being a strip of metal e e
(figure 13 with two projections cd which strip is rolled up into a ring having the
ends a b soldered together the ring is pushed on to a bush of ivory or hard
rubber E Fig. 14 and springs B supported by a hard rubber block F rubs against
the collectors so that alternately the springs i and j k and j respectively (figure 15)
by means of one collector and ƒ and g h and g respectively by means of the other
are in leading connection as soon as the collectors revolve. The wires attached
to the springs lead to the electros and to the batteries as will be seen on reference
to figure 17 the collectors are arranged in such a manner that each is in connection
with two electro magnets and one battery only so that each battery feeds but
two electros. Referring to figure 17 the spring fhik are connected by the
wires no q¹ with the electros B B³ B and B of which B' and B* by the
wires o q lead to the metal block C and B¹ and B' by the wires l m to the metal
block D These blocks can be connected separately to the batteries P P¹ by means
of a commutation of a special form (figure 16) The springs g jare by wires m p
connected with batteries P P¹ The commutator (Fig. 16) is composed of a disc of
hard rubber E carrying (insulated from each other) the blades L N which are in
contact with the lateral terminals B B¹ from which the wires a and b lead to the
separate batteries P and P¹ A handle M serves to turn the commutator to the
position indicated by dotted lines. The battery P by the wire p and spring g sends
alternately the current through springs fh through electros B or B2 and wires q
or o to block C from whence the blade L of the commutator when in the dotted
position L' by means of wire a leads it back to the other pole of the battery P
The same play is effected by the other battery P¹ with regard to electros B¹
and B2 through wire m springs jik wires o¹ q' wires l m and block D In order
to connect the separate batteries together it is sufficient to connect the wires m
with p and a with 6 A small motor on my system for experimental purposes
in laboratories such as turning Geissler tubes may be made as shewn at Fig. 18 in
wbich T is a stud supporting the end of a lever L connected by link b to the crank pin
This lever carries the armature by means of a pin working in a slot C so that the
lever L after the full descent of the armature A may go further down to the lower
point of crank pin One small electro magnet B with projecting lip E is sufficient
to give motion The prolongations or lips E have been represented in the drawings
as cut out a full piece can be used as E in fig. 19 Figs. 20 and 21 show in front
and end views the disposition of an armature A attached to two parallel was T T
hinged at e to any plate or frame The armature is at both ends attracted by the
electro magnet B which is provided with two projecting lips E Fig. 22 shows an
arrangement of electros B B¹ in an inclined position the armature being counter-
balanced by balls C transfer motion to the connecting rods b b the lower ends of
which pass through holes in the prolongations of the armatures and which may.

page_text: carry below a bush or ball d capable of being fixed in any position by means of a
set screw it is thus easy to regulate the mechanism and to utilise the attractive
power of the electros when the crank pins m'm' are in the most suitable position
vizt when they offer the greatest leverage The balls with the connecting rods can
freely descend further when the respective armature rests upon the poles or the
electro magnet Two or more electros may be placed above B and two or more
below B¹ to increase the power the ends of the prolongations of the armatures
must then be provided with slots to admit of the oscillation of the connecting
rods 6 b¹ Sheet 2 the two newest arrangements of my electro motor are shown
(a modification of the arrangement shewn at fig. 11 Figs. 23 and 24 shew a
separate motor (with four electros) from which the power is transmitted by belt or
strings the armature A is attracted alternately by the electro magnets B and B¹.
The upper end of the armature carries a link F fixed by screws vv to let the
armature pass under the projecting lips E E¹ whilst the link F passes over them
In the eye H of the link F is fixed the connecting rod 6 which by means of the
crank M turns the shaft a The electric current is distributed by the collectors L L¹
the metal springs e e¹ and the commutator c These motors can be made with 'two
bobbins both on the same side of the frames as shewn at fig. 23 or with four
bobbins one pair on each side of the frame fig. 24. Figs. 25 and 26 shew an
application of this motor to a sewing machine On the frame of a sewing
machine is fixed by the screws vv a second frame which carries the four electro
magnets B B B B¹ The armatures having their fulcrums at N N are fixed to
horizontal levers L L which command the rods b. 61 hinged to the levers by the
eyes the rods 6 b¹ working on a double crank in the same manner as shewn on
Figs. 3. 6 and 7 the frame on which the motor is fixed and which carries also the
shaft à is constructed in such a manner that it can be mounted on any variety of
sewing or knitting machine In sewing machines for instance the height of the
shaft above the tables varies according to the different make of machine I there-
fore bore a great number of holes in the frame D which may be arranged in a
decorative manner or I cast the frame D "open worked" leaving a large part open
so that I can by screws or other means of fixing very readily. attach the frame D
at any convenient or necessary beight corresponding with the height of the shaft
of Sewing machine The bend of top plate which passes round the edge of
table of sewing machine must have sufficient width as shown at Figure 27. In
sewing machines having their shaft close upon the table and their fly wheel partly
sunk into it I make use of spur wheels connecting rods strings or belts to transmit
motion from shaft a to the shaft of sewing machine or if necessary a second shaft
parallel to a may be provided on which the crank is fixed and which by means of
any mechanical agent will turn the primary shaft These motors can be constructed
with four electros on one side of the frame as shewn in Figures 25 and 26 or with
eight electros four on each side.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
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Firstly. The application of the electro-magnets Recordon to electric motors of
every description.
Secondly. The prolongation or projecting lip E adapted to the poles of the
electro magnets recordon arranged in such a way that the ends of the armature
nearly touch the inner surface of the projection but having nevertheless free play.
Thirdly. The double current collector in combination with the blocks C and D
so that the batteries may be employed separately or together.
Fourthly. The commutator composed of two blades insulated from each other
in combination with blocks C and D.
Fifthly. The use of balls d provided with set screws on the connecting rods in
order to regulate the traction of the electros in the manner described.

page_text: Sixthly. On the moving shaft the employment of such a number of collectors
as there are pairs of electro magnets one collector for each pair of electro magnets
in connection with a separate source of electricity.
Seventhly. The disposition of holes in frame D or the mode of casting such
frame (open work) and the bend of top plate with such a width as to readily
admit of the frame with electros being fixed at any suitable height,