IMPROVEMENTS IN MATERIALS FOR DYEING BAW PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION RAW FELTED AND WOVEN FABRICS, AND PRINTING FABRICS
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas James Denne and August Hentschel,
both of Phoenix Works, Cambridge Rd., Mile End, Middlesex,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MATERIALS FOR DYEING BAW
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas James Denne
and August Hentschel at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 3rd May 1872.
We, THOMAS JAMES DENNE and AUGUST HENTSCHEL, both of Phoenix
Works, Cambridge Rd., Mile End, Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MATERIALS FOR
DYEING RAW FELTED AND WOVEN FABRICS, AND PRINTING FABRICS," to be as
follows:-
For Printing. We make a composition or printing fluid thus:-We
take caseine or lactarine and dissolve it preferably by the aid of ammonia
in water to about the consistency of treacle, and add to it glycerine.
To this we add the required coloring matter. Should the color be an

page_text: earthen one we prefer to grind it in glycerine. With this we print the
material desired to be printed, and after it is printed and dry we soak
it for a few minutes in a tannin solution, as alum or weak acetic acid,
to fasten the color, or by any of the well known mordants or by steaming
in the known and usual way.
For Dyeing. We take the above shown composition of cascine or
lactarin and glycerine, for for some colors we also add soap to this mixture,
or we can dissolve the caseine or lactarine at once in boiling soap. To
these compositions we add the desired color, by preference before the
glycerine and soap when used is put in. We make this composition
to about the consistency of cream, heat it, and keeping it well stirred,
put the material to be dyed into it for a few minutes (the period of
time varies according to the material and color), and keep it continually
moved while it is in the dye, when sufficiently dyed we take it out,
wring it, and hang it up to dry. Where we do not use soap we with:
some materials prefer to use the dye cold. When dry we fasten the
color as previously shown for printing, again dry it, and then wash it
well in (preferably) lukewarm water, to which can be added a little
soap, and afterward in clean cold water. In dyeing vegetable fibres, or
cloth made from vegetable fibres, we prefer in some cases to pass the
material through a tannin or acidulated solution before dyeing it, as
shown.
No precise quantities of the materials of these compositions can be
given, as different quantities will produce the required result. We
prefer to use for these purposes caseinc made as shown in our Patent,
No. 2464, dated 13th September 1870.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas James Denne and August Hentschel in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 2nd November 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, THOMAS 30
JAMES DENNE and AUGUST HENTSCHEL, both of Phoenix Works,
Cambridge Road, Mile End, Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Third day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-fifth 35

page_text: year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto us, the said Thomas James Denne and August Hentschel,
Her special licence that we, the said Thomas James Denne and August
Hentschel, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
we, the said Thomas James Denne and August Hentschel, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MATERIALS FOR DYEING RAW FELTED AND WOVEN FABRICS, AND PRINTING
FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Thomas
James Denne and August Hentschel, our executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under our, or one of our, or their or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Thomas James Denne and August
Hentschel, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to
say :-
This Invention relates, firstly, to a certain combination of materials or
ingredients suitable for dyeing raw, felted, and woven fabrics, the
ingredients being used admixed with colours or pigments, as hereafter
described. We take caseine or lactarine and dissolve it in ammonia
and water to about the consistency of cream, we then add glycerine, and
also the required colour for producing the necessary tint, heating and
keeping it well stirred both before and after the material is placed into
it. With some colours soap may be employed, and we prefer to add
the colour to the dissolved caseine before the glycerine and the soap.
The material to be dyed is as before stated kept stirred in the "dye" to
take the colour, it is then removed and wrung and then hung up to
dry. Where we do not use soap the cascine and glycerine or lactarine
and glycerine (coloured) may be used in a cold state for dyeing. The
dyed material after it is dry can be soaked in a tanning solution, such

page_text: as alum or a weak acetic acid, to fix the colour, or the material may
be treated by mordants or by the steaming process. If the tanning
solution is employed for fixing, we again dry the material, and then wash
it in water preferably lukewarm, to which a little soap is added, the
material is lastly washed or rinsed in clean water. We have described
the cascine or the lactarine as being dissolved in ammonia, but it may
be dissolved in boiling soap.
In treating vegetable fibre or cloth made from vegetable fibres we
pass it through a tanning or an acidulated solution before dyeing it, but
this is not essential in most cases.
The Invention relates, secondly, to printing fabrics by or with a com-
position or printing fluid composed of cascine or lactarine dissolved
preferably by ammonia in water to about the consistency of treacle, to
this is added glycerine, and also colouring matter to produce the desired
tint or depth of colour. With the fluid thus prepared we print the
fabric in the usual manner, and then allow it to dry. It can afterwards
be soaked in a tanning solution, such as alum or weak acetic acid, to
fix the colour, or it may be treated by mordants or by the steaming
process as is usual for this purpose. Should the colour used for the
dyeing or the printing purposes be an earthen one we prefer to grind it
in glycerine.
We do not restrict ourselves to any proportions of ingredients in
carrying our Invention into effect, whether for dyeing or for printing
purposes, as those will vary with the nature of the material to be operated
upon and the results to be obtained.
The main feature in our Invention and what we desire to claim is,
the employment of cascine or lactarine (dissolved) in combination with
glycerine as a base for the purposes of dyeing raw, felted, and woven
fabrics and also for printing fabrics as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas James Denne, for myself
and on behalf of the said August Hentschel, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this First day of November One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-two.