AN IMPROVED COM- POSITION FOR COATING THE BOTTOMS OF IRON SHIPS AND OTHER NAVIGABLE VESSELS AND MARINE WORKS TO PRESERVE THE SAME AND PREVENT THE ADHESION OF ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE MATTER THERETO
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Leach, of Tramere, in the County of
Chester, Master Mariner, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED COM-
POSITION FOR COATING THE BOTTOMS OF IRON SHIPS AND OTHER NAVIGABLE
VESSELS AND MARINE WORKS TO PRESERVE THE SAME AND PREVENT THE
ADHESION OF ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE MATTER THERETO."
Sealed the 4th February 1870, and dated the 6th August 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Leach at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th August 1869.
I, THOMAS LEACH, of Tramere, in the County of Chester, Master
Mariner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR COATING THE BOTTOMS OF IRON SHIPS AND OTHER
NAVIGABLE VESSELS AND MARINE WORKS TO PRESERVE THE SAME AND PREVENT

page_text: THE ADHESION OF ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE MATTER THERETO," to be as follows
(that is to say) :-
This Invention has for its object an improved composition or coating
compound for applying to the bottoms of iron ships and other navigable
vessels, and all kinds of marine works requiring to be preserved from
decay and protected from the adhesion of animal or vegetable matter
to the surfaces thereof. This improved composition may be made from,
say, eight parts (by weight) of white lead, two parts (by weight) of
horse grease, one part (by weight) of red lead, and one part (also
by weight) of palm oil. These ingredients are placed in a suitable
vessel and intimately mixed together, and when required may be
thinned by adding thereto parafine or other like oils or spirit. The
several proportions may be varied to meet the requirements of the
particular purpose for which the composition is required to be used
according the judgment of the operator; and the addition of the
thinning fluid will also in some measure have to be regulated by
the temperature of the atmosphere where the composition is to be
used. And, if desired, staining or other colouring matter may be
added to the composition.
The composition is applied to the surface to be coated therewith by
a brush either in a cold or heated condition.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Leach in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 5th February 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
LEACH, of Tranmere, in the County of Chester, Master Mariner, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Thomas Leach, Her special licence that I,
the said Thomas Leach, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or

page_text: such others as I, the said Thomas Leach, my executors, administrators;
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein, expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION POR COATING
THE BOTTOMS OF IRON SHIPS AND OTHER NAVIGABLE VESSELS AND MARINE WORKS
TO PRESERVE THE SAME AND PREVENT THE ADHESION OF ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE
MATTER THERETO," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
This my said Invention has for its object an improved composition
or coating compound for applying to the bottoms of iron ships and
other navigable vessels and all kinds of marine work requiring to be
preserved from decay and protected from the adhesion of animal or
vegetable matter to the surfaces thereof. This my improved composition
may be made from, say, eight parts (by weight) of white lead, two parts
(by weight) of horse grease, one part (by weight) of red lead, and one
part (also by weight) of palm oil. These ingredients I place in a suitable
vessel and intimately mix together, and when required I thin by adding
thereto parafine or other like oils or spirit. The several proportions
may be varied to meet the requirments of the particular purpose for
which the composition is required to be used, according to the judgment
of the operator; and the addition of the thinning fluid will also in
some measure have to be regulated by the temperature of the atmosphero
where the composition is to be used. And, if desired, staining or other
colouring matter may be added to the composition.
The composition is applied to the surface to be coated therewith by
a brush either in a cold or heated condition.
Having now fully described and ascertained the nature of this my
said Invention, and the best means I am acquainted with for carrying
the same into practical effect, I wish it to be understood that I do not
confine myself to the definite proportions of the several ingredients
specified for the formation of my improved composition for coating the
bottoms of navigable vessels and marine works, as the same may be
considerably varied to suit the several purposes for which it may be
used, and in some cases I propose to omit the red lead, and in others
the white lead; but what I do claim as new and useful is, the manu-
facture and use of the improved protective coating for the bottoms of

page_text: iron and other navigable vessels and marine works, compounded and
applied as herein-before fully described and set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Leach, have hereunto set
my hand and affixed my seal, this Fourth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
Witness,
WILLIAM WALKER,
of 44, Castle Street,
Liverpool.
THOMAS (L.S.) LEACH.