In- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND METHOD OF REPAIRING RAILWAY RAILS AND OTHER IRON OF PERMANENT WAY, AND IN THE MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Douglas Fox, of New Street, Spring
Gardens, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "In-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND METHOD OF REPAIRING RAILWAY
RAILS AND OTHER IRON OF PERMANENT WAY, AND IN THE MACHINERY TO BE
EMPLOYED THEREIN." -A communication from abroad by Hugh Baines,
residing at the City of Toronto, in the Province of Ontario, in the
Dominion of Canada..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Douglas Fox
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, ph
the 30th July 1868.
I, CHARLES DOUGLAS Fox, of New Street, Spring Gardens, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND METHOD OF REPAIRING RAILWAY
RAILS AND OTHER IRON OF PERMANENT WAY, AND IN THE MACHINERY TO BB
EMPLOYED THEREIN," a communication to me from abroad by Hugh Baines,

page_text: resident at the City of Toronto, in the Province of Ontario, in the
Dominion of Canada, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of rails, wings, crossing
points, and other iron of the permanent way of railways from old rails
or other iron, to the means of improving and repairing rails, and to
the machinery to be employed for such purposes.
These results are effected by the use and application of dies on rolls
or of dies in faces of all descriptions of power hammers, the dies on the
rolls being in the form of rings in order that they may be easily removed
and changed to forge rings of different kinds and patterns. When the
dies are in hammers they are to be cut into segments, and are provided
with an ordinary dovetail in order that they may also be changed.
In operating on old rails they are cut into two or more lengths and
made into a fagot or pile for the purpose of making new rails, and a
plate of Low Moor iron is added to form the head, the whole being
afterwards subjected to the action of rolls capable of rolling on four
sides at once, whereby rails are produced without first rolling flats, and
a better rail is obtained with a less per-centage of loss of iron. Other
iron than Low Moor may be applied, and the rails may be made from
other iron than old rails. To repair bruised or broken rails weights
and levers are brought to bear on the rolls to give the requisite pressure
so as to forge perfectly the bruised or broken part; such levers are
arranged so as to be readily raised when the cold portion of the rail
enters the rolls. The number of passes through the rolls should not
necessarily be more than six, and the rail being always kept top upper-
most the head receives that hardness and fineness which is absolutely
necessary for permanent way iron. The rail having been cut to its
length by a circular saw and its ends being the weakest parts they
are to be strengthened with steel or other suitable metal in order that
the fibres of the iron rail shall be prevented from spreading; this is
effected by placing them in a die the exact shape of the rail, such die
being in two divisions, so that it may be opened and closed.
The point
of the rail is heated to a welding heat, and also the steel or other metal
when, both being placed in the die, the weld is instantly made by
pressure.
All iron used for the purpose of making those parts of permanen
way called crossing points, tongues, or wing rails are to be braced a
their square ends with steel similar to the rails, and this is to be don

page_text: previous to their formation in their respective shapes; they are then
filled in and forged to their shapes by the rings on rolls or by the
sections of the same in power hammers.
The machinery by which the foregoing operations are effected consists
of a series of rolls fixed in bearings on standards and suitable foundation,
such rolls being worked by toothed gearing in the ordinary manner,
and capable of being reversed by bevil gear wheels and clutch motion
applied to the pinion shaft. In the central portion of the machine the
rings for the repair of rails are applied, and between these and on each
side of the rail a horizontal roll is adjusted actuated by gearing or by
the friction of the passing rail, whereby all four sides are rolled at once,
as before stated. These rolls are also used for the manufacture of new
rails, but the number of passes is necessarily increased. A circular saw
is set on a shaft near these rolls for the purpose of cutting off the ends
of the rails. At one end of the machine another pair of rolls are fixed,
through which the rail is passed, and a flat-surfaced horizontal roll is
applied to the base of the rail to give it its camber when rails are
repaired. The machine also carries a pair of scarfing rolls at the other
end for preparing patches for the rails that are to be repaired; also an
upper wide roller of cylindrical form acting in conjunction with an
under roll with a die to form the limbs of railroad crossing points,
and with another die for filling single or double wing rails, and
between these rolls and those for preparing the patches, the welding
rolls for railroad crossing points are placed. All these rolls work
together on their respective shafts, and every one can be in operation
at the same time performing the work to which they are adapted.
Dies for the operation of the power hammer are also employed for
preparing and welding railroad crossing points, and for bracing with
steel or other metals the heel ends of railroad crossing points, and
also the ends of railroad rails.
The various sections of the rolls and dies correspond respectively
and are of the necessary forms to suit the parts required to be rolled
or hammered.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles Douglas Fox in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 30th January 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
DOUGLAS Fox, of New Street, Spring Gardens, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS
Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Charles Douglas Fox, Her special licence
that I, the said Charles Douglas Fox, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles Douglas Fox, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE AND METHOD OF REPAIRING RAILWAY RAILS AND OTHER IRON
OF PERMANENT WAY, AND IN THE MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN," ā
communication to me from abroad by Hugh Baines, resident at the
City of Toronto, in the Province of Ontario, in the Dominion of Canada,
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Charles Douglas
Fox, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Douglas Fox, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of rails, wings, crossing
points, and other iron of the permanent way of railways from old rails or

page_text: other iron, to the means of improving and repairing rails, and to the
machinery to be employed for such purposes.
These results are effected by the use and application of dies on rolls,
or of dies in faces of all descriptions of power hammers, the dies on the
rolls being in the form of rings in order that they may be easily removed
and changed to forge rings of different kinds and patterns. When the
dies are in hammers they are to be cut into segments, and are provided
with an ordinary dovetail in order that they may also be changed.
In operating on old rails they are cut into two or more lengths and
made into a fagot or pile for the purpose of making new rails, and a
plate of Low Moor iron is added to form the head, the whole being
afterwards subjected to the action of rolls capable of rolling on four
sides at once, whereby rails are produced without first rolling flats, and
a better rail is obtained with a less per-centage of loss of iron. Other
iron than Low Moor may be applied, and the rails may be made from
other iron than old rails. To repair bruised or broken rails weights and
levers are brought to bear on the rolls to give the requisite pressure, 80
as to forge perfectly the bruised or broken part; such levers are arranged
so as to be readily raised when the cold portion of the rail enters the
rolls. The number of passes through the rolls should not necessarily
be more than six, and the rail being always kept top uppermost the
head receives that hardness and fineness which is absolutely necessary
for permanent way iron. The rail having been cut to its length by a
circular saw and its ends being the weakest parts they are to be
strengthened with steel or other suitable metal in order that the fibres
of the iron rail shall be prevented from spreading; this is effected by
placing them in a die the exact shape of the rail, such die being in two
divisions, so that it may be opened and closed. The point of the rail is
heated to a welding heat, and also the steel or other metal, when both
being placed in the die the weld is instantly made by pressure.
All iron used for the purpose of making those parts of permanent way
called crossing points, tongues, or wing rails are to be braced at their
square ends with steel similar to the rails, and this is to be done previous
to their formation in their respective shapes; they are then filled in änd
forged to their shapes by the rings on rolls, or by the sections of the
same in power hammers.
The machinery by which the foregoing operations are effected consists
of a series of rolls fixed in bearings on standards and suitable foundation,

page_text: such rolls being worked by toothed gearing in the ordinary manner, and
capable of being reversed by bevil gear wheels and clutch-motion applied
to the pinion shaft. In the central portion of the machine the rings for
the repair of rails are applied, and between these and on each side
of the rail a horizontal roll is adjusted actuated by gearing or by the
friction of the passing rail, whereby all four sides are rolled at once, as
before stated. These rolls are also used for the manufacture of new
A circular saw
rails, but the number of passes is necessarily increased.
is set on a shaft near these rolls for the purpose of cutting off the ends
of the rails. At one end of the machine another pair of rolls are fixed,
through which the rail is passed, and a flat-surfaced horizontal roll is
applied to the base of the rail to give it its camber when rails are
repaired; also an upper wide roller of cylindrical form acting in
conjunction with an under roll with a die to form the limbs of railroad
crossing points, and with another die for filling single or double wing
rails, and between these rolls and those for preparing the patches the
welding rolls for railroad crossing points are placed. All these rolls
work together on their respective shafts, and every one
can be in
operation at the same time, performing the work to which they are
adapted.
Dies for the operation of the power hammer are also employed for
preparing and welding railroad crossing points, and for bracing with steel
or other metals the heel ends of railroad rails.
The various sections of the rolls and dies correspond respectively and
are of the necessary forms to suit the parts required to be rolled or
hammered.
In order that the said Invention may be perfectly understood I now
proceed to describe the same with reference to the annexed Drawings
and the figures and letters marked thereon.
Fig. 1 is an elevation of the rolls. a, a, and d, d, shewn in Figs. 1
and 2, are the only rings required for the repair of rails, and precisely
the same class of rings are used, but the number of passes are necessarily
increased for the manufacture of new rails; b, b, are revolving side rolls,
which can be worked either by gearing or friction; c is the circular
saw for cutting off the ends of rails; e is a guide roller for keeping the
rail in its proper position and giving it its camber when rails are repaired
only; f, f, f, are the gear wheels, through which the power is transmitted
to the rolls; g is the reversing clutch with bevelled teeth at angles of

page_text: As before
forty-five degrees to admit of its coming out of gear when the pressure
is on the rolls; h, h, are the scarfing rings for preparing patches for
rails that are to be repaired, of which Fig. 4 shews a section.
stated, for making railroad crossing points, tongues, and wing rails I use
either rings on the rolls or sections of the same to be attached to steam,
trip, or power hammers of any description, and the figures and letters
annexed will describe these processes. The letters i, i, i, on the elevation,
Fig. 1, shew the tapering rings for the limbs of railroad crossing points
and also for filling single or double wing rails, but for this purpose the
rings are left circular and not excentric, as shewn in Figs. 6 and 7.
K, K, are the welding rings for railroad crossing points, and Figs. 5 to 7
shew sections of the same rings.
Fig. 2 is an end elevation of the rolls, in which d, d, are the finishing
rings for repairing rails; c, the circular saw for cutting rails to a proper
length; e, e, e, are the guide rollers similarly marked on the elevation,
Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a section through the centre of the welding rings, a, a, on
Fig. 1, and through the centre of the reversing clutch g; b is one of the
side rolls similarly marked on Fig. 1; f, f, are the gear wheels; and g,
the reversing clutch.
Figs. S to 13 shew sections of rings in the shape of dies for preparing
and welding railroad crossing points under power hammers.
Figs. 8
and 9 are the welding dies, and Figs. 10, 11, 12 and 13 the preparing
dies.
The dies represented in Figs. 14, 15, and 16 are used in bracing with
steel or other suitable metal the heel ends of railroad crossing points,
and also the ends of railroad rails. The top part of the rail shewn by the
letter on Fig. 16 is the part braced with steel or other suitable metal.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be carried into practical effect, I would remark
that the Invention is not limited to the precise details or arrangements
of parts described and shewn, as many variations may be made there-
from without deviating from its principles; but what I consider to be
novel and original, and therefore desire to be secured to me (on behalf of
my foreign correspondent) by the herein in part recited Letters Patent
are,―
First. The manufacture of railroad iron braced at its square ends to
prevent the fibres from spreading.

page_text: Secondly. The mode of re-rolling old iron or rails to
rails.
Thirdly. The mode of repairing rails.
new
Fourthly. The mode of manufacturing those parts of the permanent
way called railroad crossing points, tongues, and wing rails, all by the
application of rolls and dies by aid of the machinery substantially as
herein specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Douglas Fox, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of January,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
nine.
Witness,
ALEX. PRINCE,
Office for Patents,
4, Trafalgar Square,
Charing Cross.
CHARLES DOUGLAS FOX. (L.S.)

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HUGH
BAINES, resident at the City of Toronto, in the Province of Ontario,
in the Dominion of Canada, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain and Ireland,
bearing date Thirtieth day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-second year of her reign
did for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
Charles Douglax Fox, of New Street, Spring Gardens, in the County of
Middlesex, her special license, that he, the said Charles Fox, his
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as he, the said
Charles Douglas Fox, his executors, administrators, or assigns,. should
at any time agree with, and no others, from, time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend with the United Kingdom of Great
Douglas

page_text: Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND METHOD OF REPAIRING RAILWAY
RAILS AND OTHER IRON OR PERMANENT WAY, AND IN THE MACHINERY TO BE
EMPLOYED THEREIN," upon the condition (amongst others) that he, the
said Charles Douglas Fox, by an instrument in writing under his hand
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
And whereas the said Charles Douglas Fox, by an instrument in
writing under his hand and seal, did declare the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
caused the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months from the date of the said Letters Patent.
And whereas by an indenture of assignment, bearing date the Eleventh
day of June One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, made between
the said Charles Douglas Fox of the one part, and me the said Hugh
Baines of the other part, the said Letters Patent and Invention and
all and singular the rights and privileges thereby granted became and
are now absolutely vested in me the said Hugh Baines.
And whereas that part of the Invention described in the said recited
Specification which consists of the use of dies in faces of all descriptions
of power hammers not having come into public use, I am desirous of
disclaiming the same, and I have also been advised that the second,
third, and fourth claims of the said Specification may be construed to
extend to claim the exclusive right to all the machinery described in
the said Specification for rolling purposes; I am therefore desirous of dis-
claiming all parts of the said machinery except the arrangement of
weights and levers brought to bear upon the rolls to give the requisite
pressure for the purpose of forging perfectly.
وو
"
And whereas although it is to be implied from the words forge
perfectly which are employed at line 18 page 5 of the print of the
said Specification printed by the Queen's Printers, and published at the
Great Seal Patent Office, that the metal to be passed through the rolls
must be in a heated state, as it is not so stated in terms, I am desirous
of introducing words which will leave no doubt upon that subject.

page_text: "
NOW KNOW YE, THEREFORE, that I, the said Hugh Baines, by and
with the leave of Her Majesty's Solicitor General, do hereby for the
reasons aforesaid and for effecting the objects aforesaid strike out the
words "
or of dies in faces of all descriptions of power hammers, the
"dies on the rolls being" which occur in lines 4 and 5 of the 5th page
of the said printed Specification, and the words "when the dies are in
"hammers they are to be cut into segments and are provided with an
ordinary dovetail in order that they may also be changed" which occur
in lines 6, 7, and 8 of the same page of the said Specification; and I
introduce the words "It is also necessary that the parts to be forged
"should undergo a preliminary heating process, as is well understood in
"the manufacture of rails," after the word "rolls" and before the word
"The
in line 20 page 5 of the said Specification, and strike out the
words or by the sections of the same in power hammers," which occur
in lines 35 and 36 of the said 5th page of the said Specification, also the
word "also" and the word "for" occurring in line 21, and the words
preparing and welding railroad crossing points and "
+6
66
<<
and dies"
occurring in
line 22, and the words "and dies correspond respectively and "occurring
in line 24, also the words "or hammered" occurring in lines 25 and 26,
all of page 6 of the said Specification; and the word " either," also the
words "or sections of the same to be attached to steam trip or power
hammers of any description and " occurring in lines 5 and 6, and the
whole of the words from the beginning of line 21 to the end of line 24
occurring in page 7 of the said Specification; also the words "
occurring in the fourth claiming clause at line 6 page 8 of the said
Specification, and I insert the words "disclaiming however as being
any part of the Invention secured by the said Letters Patent all parts
"of the machinery for rolling or repairing rails, as secondly and thirdly
claimed, or for manufacturing points, tongues, and ring rails as fourthly
claimed, except the arrangement of weights and levers brought to bear
upon rolls to give the requisite pressure so as to forge perfectly "after
the word " specified" occurring at line 7 page 8 of the said Specifi-
cation. And in order that it may be clearly understood what is the
Invention which I now consider to be secured by the herein-before in
part recited Letters Patent I shall proceed to repeat, omitting preamble
and testing clause, my said Specification as proposed to be amended
by this Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration, as follows:-
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the
declare the nature of the said
"C
"
.:
said Charles Douglas Fox, do hereby
Invention, and in what manner the

page_text: same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of rails, wings, crossing
points, and other iron of the permanent way of railways from old rails
or other iron, to the means of improving and repairing rails, and to the
machinery to be employed for such purposes.
These results are effected by the use and application of dies on rolls
in the form of rings in order that they may be easily removed and
changed to forge rings of different kinds and patterns.
In operating on old rails they are cut into two or more lengths and
made into a fagot or pile for the purpose of making new rails, and a
plate of Low Moor Iron is added to form the head, the whole being
afterwards subjected to the action of rolls capable of rolling on four
sides at once, whereby rails are produced without first rolling flats, and
a better rail is obtained with a less per-centage of loss of iron. Other
iron than Low Moor may be applied, and the rails may be made from
other iron than old rails. To repair bruised or broken rails weights and
levers are brought to bear on the rolls to give the requisite pressure so
as to forge perfectly the bruised or broken part; such levers are arranged
so as to be readily raised when the cold portion of the rail enters the
rolls. It is also necessary that the parts to be forged should undergo a
preliminary heating process, as is well understood in the manufacture of
rails. The number of passes through the rolls should not necessarily
be more than six, and the rail being always kept top uppermost the
head receives that hardness and fineness which is absolutely necessary
for permanent way iron. The rail having been cut to its length
by a circular saw, and its ends being the weakest parts, they are
strengthened with steel or other suitable metal in order that the fibres
of the iron rail shall be prevented from spreading; this is effected by
placing them in a die the exact shape of the rail, such die being in two
divisions, so that it may be opened and closed. The point of the rail
is heated to a welding heat, and also the steel or other metal, when both
being placed in the die the weld is instantly made by pressure.
to be
A
All iron used for the purpose of making those parts of permanent
way called crossing points, tongues, or wing rails are to be braced at
their square ends with steel similar to the rails, and this is to be done
previous to their formation in their respective shapes; they are then
filled in and forged to their shapes by the rings
on
A
OP rolls.

page_text: The machinery by which the foregoing operations are effected consists
of a series of rolls fixed in bearings on standards and suitable foundation,
such rolls being worked by toothed gearing in the ordinary manner
and capable of being reversed by bevil gear wheels and clutch motion
applied to the pinion shaft. In the central portion of the machine
the rings for the repair of rails are applied, and between these and on
each side of the rail a horizontal roll is adjusted actuated by gearing
or by the friction of the passing rail, whereby all four sides are rolled
at once, as before stated.
These rolls are also used for the manufacture of new rails, but the
number of passes is necessarily increased. A circular saw is set on a
shaft near these rolls for the purpose of cutting off the ends of the
rails. At one end of the machine another pair of rolls are fixed through
which the rail is passed, and a flat surfaced horizontal roll is applied
to the base of the rail to give it its camber when rails are repaired.
Also an upper wide roller of cylindrical form acting in conjunction
with an under roll with a die to form the limbs of railroad crossing
points, and with another die for filling single or double wing rails, and
between these rolls and those for preparing the patches the welding
rolls for railroad crossing points are placed. All these rolls work
together on their respective shafts and every one can be in operation,
at the same time performing the work to which they are adapted.
Dies for the operation of the power hammer are employed for bracing
with steel or other metals the heel ends of railroad rails.
The various sections of the rolls are of the necessary forms to suit the
parts required to be rolled.
In order that the said Invention may be perfectly understood I now
proceed to describe the same with reference to the annexed Drawings,
and the Figures and letters marked thereon.
Figure is an elevation of the rolls a, a, and d, d, shown in Figures 1
and 2, are the only rings required for the repair of rails, and precisely
the same class of rings are used, but the number of passes are necessarily
increased, for the manufacture of new rails; b, b, are revolving side rolls
which can be worked either by gearing or friction; c is the circular saw
for cutting off the ends of rails; e is a guide roller for keeping the rail
in its proper position and giving it its camber when rails are repaired
only; f, f, f, are the gear wheels through which the power is trans-
mitted to the rolls; g is the reversing clutch with bevilled teeth at

page_text: angles of forty-five degrees to admit of its coming out of gear when the
pressure is on the rolls; h, h, are the scarfing rings for preparing patches
for rails that are to be repaired, of which Figure 4 shews a section. As
before stated, for making railroad crossing points, tongues, and wing rails
I use rings on the rolls; the Figures and letters annexed will describe
these processes.
The letters i, i, i, on the elevation, Figure 1, shew the
tapering rings for the limbs of railroad crossing points, and also for
filling single or double wing rails, but for this purpose the rings are left
circular and not eccentric, as shewn in Figures 6 and 7. K, K, are the
welding rings for railroad crossing points, and Figures 5 to 7 shew
sections of the same rings.
Figure 2 is an elevation of the rolls, in which d, d, are the finishing
rings for repairing rails; c, the circular saw for cutting rails to a
proper length; e, e, e, are the guide rollers similarly marked on the
elevation, Figure 1.
the
Figure 3 is a section through the centre of the welding rings a, a, on
Figures 1 and through the centre of the reversing clutch g; b is one
of side rolls similarly marked on Figure 1; f, f, are the gear wheels;
and g, the reversing clutch.
Λ
The dies represented in Figures 14, 15, and 16 are used in bracing
with steel or other suitable metal the heel ends of railroad crossing
points and also the ends of railroad rails. The top part of the rail shewn
by the letter on Figure 16 is the part braced with steel or other suitable
metal.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be carried into practical effect, I would
remark that the Invention is not limited to the precise details or
arrangements of parts described and shewn, as many variations may be
made therefrom without deviating from its principles; but what I
consider to be novel and original, and therefore desire to be secured to
me (on behalf of my foreign correspondent) by the herein in part recited
Letters Patent are,-
Firstly. The manufacture of railroad iron braced at its square ends to
prevent the fibres from spreading.
Secondly. The mode of re-rolling old iron or rails to manufacture new
rails.
Thirdly. The mode of repairing rails.

page_text: Fourthly. The mode of manufacturing those parts of the permanent
way called railroad crossing points, tongues, and wing rails all by the
application of rolls by aid of the machinery substantially as herein
specified, disclaiming however as being any part of the Invention secured
by the said Letters Patent all parts of the machinery for re-rolling or
repairing rails as secondly and thirdly claimed, or for manufacturing
points, tongues, and wing rails as fourthly claimed, except the arrange-
ment of weights and levers brought to bear upon rolls to give the
requisite pressure so as to forge perfectly.
In witness whereof, I, the said Hugh Baines, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Tenth day of August One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-nine
HUGH BAINES. (L.S.)
To the Clerk of the Patents for Inventions.
I hereby grant my fiat giving leave to the above-named Hugh Baines
to file in the Great Seal Patent Office, with the Specification to which
the same relates, the above-written Disclaimer and Memorandum of
Alteration.