Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Dec., 1886
Complete Left, 7th Sept., 1887
Complete Accepted, 7th Oct., 1887.
1, CHRISTIAN ALBERT JENSEN of 77, Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex
Patent Agent do hereby declare the nature of this invention, a communication to me
from abroad by Edward Muirhead Earle of Kingston, Jamaica, Gentleman, to be as
follows:-
According to this invention the axle is made to revolve freely in bearings and the
wheels to revolve freely on the axle all as hereinafter described. The axle is by
preference made round throughout and is formed with shoulders in addition to the
present shoulder at the inner side of each wheel, such additional shoulders serving to
keep the axle in position relatively to the bearings. Between each two shoulders is
applied the removable flange made in parts as described in the Provisional specification
dated 4th October 1886 No. 12589, so that the wheels can be removed and new flanges
fitted when worn out. Sometimes an extra central bearing is provided and the axle
there formed with shoulder on each side; or a shoulder may be formed on the axle in
the middle of the bearing, the latter being recessed to suit, whereby the lubricant is
also carried up more effectually. The bearings are formed with recessed oil chamber
in the upper part closed by the carriage spring (which has an oil inlet hole through) or by
a special interposed or end cover. The two bearing halves are held together by bolts
which also hold the springs. One of the same bolts in the fore axle bearing or
bearings serves to hold an eye bolt or socket to which the shafts or swingletree gear
are connected. The oil from the bearings passes by grooves down to the lower part
thereof into a recess or chamber having a lid held by the same aforesaid bolts and
fitted with a screw plug for running off the dirty waste oil. In some cases the two
bearing halves are hinged together. The carriage springs may in some cases be a
single flat blade spring attached at each end to the bearing next to the wheel and with
the "fifth wheel" in the centre on the top, or if an upper flat spring be also used the
fifth wheel would be between the two springs. With a fore axle a flat bar is passed
across the top of the two lateral bearings and a centre bearing and the fifth wheel
with the spring or springs mounted on the top of the centre bearing. The centre
bearing on the front axle may have the perch attached by eye bolts as described or

page_text: otherwise, while the back end of the perch is let in or connected with the centre
bearing on the hind axle. In buggies and some other vehicles the back end of the
perch is strengthened by side stays which spring from the perch between the two axles
and are clamped on to the hind axle. These stays may be connected with the lateral
bearings. The invention is also applicable where the axles go right through the wheels
and the latter are held by screw caps.
By the above improved arrangement and construction of parts the strain and friction
are lessened because more distributed and the vehicles will run lighter while thinner
axles may be employed and the lubrication is also improved.
Dated thin 7th day of Dasemhau 1000

page_text: Improvements in and relating to Carriage Axles.
I, CHRISTIAN ALBERT JENSEN of 77 Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex
Patent Agent do hereby declare the nature of this invention (a communication to
me from abroad by Edward Muirhead Earle of Kingston Jamaica Gentleman) and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
According to this invention the axle is made to revolve freely in bearings and the
wheels to revolve freely on the axle all as hereinafter described.
Referring to the accompanying drawings Figure 1 is a part sectional elevation of
the nave of a wheel with an axle and bearing. Figure 2 being an end view thereof.
Figure 3 is a detail view and Figure 4 shews a mode of applying this invention to the
fore carriage of a vehicle whilst Figure 5 is another modification thereof and Figure 6
shows the improved axle bearing provided with an ordinary elliptical spring at right
angles to the axle. The axle A is made to revolve freely in bearings B and the wheels
to revolve freely on the axle A.
The axle A is by preference made_round throughout and is formed with shoulders C
in addition to the present shoulder D see Figure 1 at the inner side of the nave E of
each wheel such additional shoulders C serving to keep the axle in position relatively
to the bearings B. Between each two shoulders C and D is applied the removable
flange F. Figures 1 and 2 made in parts as described in the Complete Specification
of my application for Letters Patent dated 4th October 1886 No. 12589, so that the
wheels can be removed and new flanges fitted when worn out or ordinary flanges may
be used. Sometimes an extra central bearing B' is provided as shewn in Figure 4 and
the axle A there formed with a shoulder on each side or a shoulder may be formed on
the axle in the middle of the bearing B₁ as shewn in dotted lines in Figure 5 the
bearing being recessed to suit, whereby the lubricant is also carried up more effectually.
The bearings are formed with recessed oil chamber b in the upper part closed by the
carriage spring (which has an oil inlet hole through) or by a special interposed or end
cover or a lubricator of any known construction may be used if suitable. The two
bearing halves are held together by bolts d two of which on each side also hold the
spring S. One of the same bolts d in the fore axle bearing or bearings serves to hold
an eye bolt or socket f to which the shafts or swingle tree gear are connected as shewn
in Figures 2 and 6.
The oil from the bearings passes by grooves C down to the lower part thereof into
a recess or chamber e having a lid g held by the same aforesaid bolts d and fitted with
a screw plug h for running off or removing the dirty waste oil or grease. In some
cases the two bearing halves are hinged together as shown in Figure 3. The carriage
springs may in some cases as shown in full lines Figure 5 be a single flat blade spring S
attached at each end to the links S' which are hung from continuations of the bolts d
of the bearings B next to the wheel E and with the "fifth wheel" W in the centre on
the top, or if an upper flat spring S₁ shown in dotted lines be also used the fifth wheel

page_text: would be between the two springs S and S¹. With a fore axle a flat bar V Figure 4,
or top and bottom bars V Figure 5 are passed across and bolted on the top of the two
lateral bearings B and a centre bearing B' and the fifth wheel W with the spring or
springs mounted on the top of the centre bearing or above as shown in Figure 5. In
most cases it is preferable to use bars V connecting the two end bearings B to prevent
the latter from pressing against the shoulders C and thus causing friction when weight
is put upon the springs S. It is also evident that springs of other forms and con-
structions may be employed. The centre bearing on the front axle may have the perch
attached by eyebolts or sockets f similar to those described or otherwise while the back
end of the perch is let in or connected with the centre or end bearings on the hind
axle. In buggies and some other vehicles the back end of the perch is strengthened
by side stays which spring from the perch between the two axles and are clamped onto the
hind axle. These stays may be connected with the lateral or end bearings. The
invention is also applicable where the axles go right through the wheels and the latter
are held by screw caps.
By the above improved arrangement and construction of parts the strain and friction
are lessened because more distributed and the vehicles will run lighter while thinner
axles may be employed and the lubrication is also improved.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim as
communicated to me by my correspondent, is
First: The use and manufacture of axles which revolve independently of the wheels
in suitable bearings being kept in place therein by means of flanges substantially as
described.
Second-The improved constructions and arrangements of axles and bearings
substantially as shown on the drawings.
Dated this Seventh day of Sentember 1887