A NEW PREPARATION OR MANUFACTURE OF A CERTAIN MATERIAL PRODUCED FROM A VEGETABLE SUBSTANCE, AND THE APPLICATION THEREOF TO THE PURPOSES OF AFFORDING LIGHT AND OTHER USES
Year: 1829

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
SOAMES the younger, of Wheeler Street, Spital Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Soap Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Ninth day of September, in the tenth year of His
reign, did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said James Soames the younger, His especial licence, that I, the.
said James Soames the younger, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said James Soames the younger, my executors,
administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,.
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention or discovery of
"A NEW PREPARATION OR MANUFACTURE OF A CERTAIN MATERIAL PRODUCED FROM
A VEGETABLE SUBSTANCE, AND THE APPLICATION THEREOF TO THE PURPOSES OF
AFFORDING LIGHT AND OTHER USES; in which said Letters Patent is contained a
proviso, obliging me, the said James Soames the younger, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, particularly-to describe and ascertain the
nature of my said Invention or discovery, and in what manner the same.
is to be performed, and to cause the same to be inrolled in His said.

page_text: Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in
and by the same, reference being thereunto had will more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
James Soames the younger, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
or discovery to consist in preparing or manufacturing the material.or substance
'commonly called cocoa-nut oil, by subjecting it to the process of hydraulic or
other suitable pressure, by which process I separate the elaine, by which
I mean the more fluid part, from-the-stearine, by which I mean the more solid
part, and thereby obtain two products, one fit to be applied to the manufacture
of candles, and the other to-burning in. ordinary lamps and other purposes.
And in further compliance with the said proviso, I, the said James Soames the
younger, do hereby describe the manner in which my said Invention is to be
performed, by the following description thereof (that is to say):
press
I take the substance called cocoa-nut oil in the state in which it is imported
into this country, and submit it to a strong hydraulic pressure (the size of
I use being of ten-inch ram), having first made it up in small packages
three or four inches wide and two feet long and one or one and a half inches
thick. These packages are formed-by-first-wrapping up the said substance in
strong linen cloth of close texture, and then in an outward wrapper of strong
sail cloth. The packages are to be placed side by side in single rows between.
the plates of the press, allowing a small space-between the packages for the,.
escape of the elaine. The temperature at which the
pressure is begun should
be from about 50 to 55 degrees, or in summer as nearly at this range as can
be attained, and the packages of the said substance intended for pressure
should be exposed for several hours previously to about the same temperature.
When the packages will no longer yield their oil or elaine freely at this,
temperature, it is to be gradually raised, but it must at no time exceed 65°,,
and the lower the temperature at which., the separation can be effected: thes
better will be the quality of the oil expressed. When the packages are
sufficiently pressed, that is, when they will give out no more oil, or yield it
only-in drops at long intervals, the residuum in them is to be taken out and
cleansed or purified, which I--do-by-melting it in a well-tinned copper vessel,
which is fixed in an outer vessel having a vacant space between the two, which
is closed at the top, and into which-steam is admitted, and the heat is kept up
moderately for a sufficient time, to allow the impurities to subsido; but if a still
higher degree of purity is required, it is necessary to pass it through filters of

page_text: thick flannel lined with blotting paper. Having been thus cleansed or
purified, it is fit for the manufacture of candles, which are made by the
ordinary process used in making mould tallow candles. Having. thus disposed
of the stearine, or what I call the first product, I proceed with. the elaine
or oil expressed from it, and which I call the second product, as follows (that
is to say); I purify it by an admixture, according to the degree of its apparent
foulness, of from one to two per cent. by weight of the sulphuric acid of
commerce of about 1.8 specific gravity, diluted with six times its weight of
water. The whole is then to be violently agitated. by mechanical means; and.
I prefer for this purpose the use of a vessel constructed on the principle of a
common barrel churn. When sufficiently. agitated it will have a dirty whitish
appearance, and is then to be drawn off into another vessel, in which it is. to be
allowed to settle, and any scum that rises is to be carefully. taken.off... In a
day or two the impurities will be deposited at the bottom of the oil, which will
then become clear, or nearly so, and it is then to be filtered through thick
woollen cloth, after which it will be fit for burning in ordinary lamps, and other
uses, such as sharpening instruments on a hone, öiling locks, and the like.
Now, whereas the process of separating the elaine from the stearine by
pressure, in manner aforesaid, has never before been applied to the substance
called cocoa-nut oil, and consequently no product has heretofore been obtained
thereby from that substance fit for being manufactured into candles in the
ordinary way, or for being refined by any of the usual modes, so as to burn in
ordinary lamps, both which objects are obtained by my method of preparing or
manufacturing the said substance; and whereas I therefore hereby claim as
my Invention or discovery the manner herein-before described of preparing or
manufacturing the substance called cocoa-nut oil by hydraulic or other suitable
pressure, and the application of the products obtained thereby, one to the
purpose of making candles, and the other to the purpose of burning in ordinary
lamps, without the necessity of applying the conductors of heat and other
contrivances now adopted when cocoa-nut oil in its ordinary state as imported
is used for burning, and also to other uses; and such my Invention or
discovery being to the best of my knowledge and belief entirely new, and never
before used within that part of His said Majesty's United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland called England, His said Dominion of Wales, and Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, I do hereby declare this to be my Specification of the
same, and that I do verily believe this my said Specification doth comply in
all respects fully and without reserve or disguise with the proviso in the said
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent contained. Wherefore I hereby

page_text: claim to maintain exclusive. right and privilego to my said Invention or
discovery..
In witness whereof; I, the said James- Soames, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Ninth day of March, in the year of our Lord'
One thousand eight,hundred and thirty.
JAMES (L.B.) SOAMES; J..
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Ninth day of March, in the'
year of our Lord 1830, the aforesaid James Soames, jun", came before our said
Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and 'all' and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
..
Inrolled the Ninth day of March, in the year of our Lord. One thousand.
eight hundred and thirty.