IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WARP FABRICS
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Campion, of Nottingham, for the Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WARP FABRICS."
Sealed the 7th November 1854, and dated the 30th August 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Campion at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th August 1854.
I, WILLIAM CAMPION, of Nottingham, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WARP FABRICS" to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the arrangement and modification of that class
of machinery in the manufacture of warp fabrics wherein two needle bars are
employed. Heretofore in this class of warp machinery the guide bars have
worked alternately to form loops over each set of needles in succession, or some
of the guide bars have been arranged to work with one set of needles and
omo with the other set of needles; and in other cases guide bars have been
arranged to work with their respective needle bars, whilst other guide bars
have worked with both needle bars, so as to tie the two fabrics together all
over or at intervals; and I mention this in order to point out more clearly

page_text: the particular features of my Invention, which consists in causing the guide
bars to work or lap their warp threads to form the loops over the same set
of needles in succession, the other set of needles, carried by what I call the
machine needle box, being so worked so as to take or form their loops from the
warp threads previously laid over the first set of needles. For this
purpose I
employ two needle bars, which have motion given thereto; the needles of one
bar, which I call the machine needle bar, moving to and fro at right angles
between the stems of the needles carried by the other needle bar (which I call
the frame needle bar). There are two or more guide bars which lap their
threads over the stems of the frame needles, which then move out and are
pressed (by a presser, which is suitably formed and worked to press each set
of needles), the loops being knocked over by the stems of the machine needles.
The machine needles, in their descent or passage between the stems of the
frame needles, take the portions of warp threads which lie between those
needles under their beards, which are then pressed, and the loops which are
on the stems of the machine needles are landed and knocked over by a blade
or work bar, which has motion given thereto for that purpose.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Campion in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
28th February 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
CAMPION, of Nottingham, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said William
Campion, Her special licence that I, the said William Campion, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Campion, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WARP
FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William
Campion, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should par-

page_text: ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Campion, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof (that is to say) :-
This Invention relates to the arrangement and modification of that class of
machinery for the manufacture of warp fabrics wherein two needle bars are
employed. Heretofore in this class of warp machinery the guide bars have
worked alternately to form loops over cach set of needles in succession, or
some of the guide bars have been arranged to work with one set of needles
and some with the other set of needles; and in other cases guide bars have
been arranged to work with their respective needle bars, whilst other guide
bars have worked with both needle bars, so as to tie the two fabrics together
all over or at intervals; and I mention this in order to point out more clearly
the particular features of my Invention, which consists in causing the guide
bars to work or lap their warp threads to form the loops over the same set of
needles in succession, the other set of needles carried (by what I call the
machine needle bar) being so worked as to take or form their loops from the
warp threads previously laid over the first set of needles. For this purpose I
employ two needle bars, which have motion given thereto; the needles of
one bar, which I call the machine needle bar, moving to and fro at right
angles between the stems of the needles carried by the other needle bar (which
I call the frame needle bar). There are two or more guide bars which lap
their threads over the stems of the frame needles, which then move out
and are pressed (by a presser, which is suitably formed and worked to press
each set of needles), the loops being knocked over by the stems of the
machine needles. The machine needles, in their descent or passage between
the stems of the frame needles, take the portions of warp threads (which
lie between those needles) under their beards, which are then pressed, and
the loops which are on the stems of the machine needles are landed and
knocked over by a blade or work bar, which has motion given thereto for
that purpose.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, and the means by which
the same is carried into effect, I will now proceed with a description of the
annexed Drawings.

page_text: Figures 1 and 2, Sheets 1 and 2, represent respectively a plan and a section,
half-size, of so much of a warp frame or machine as will serve to show my
Invention. (Sheet 3) consists of various Diagrams, full size, showing the
positions the several parts assume at different stages in the production of
work. (Sheet 4) shows full-size views of one of each of the different cams
used for obtaining the several motions to the parts, and Sheet 5 shows a
cut of guide wheels, such as are used for making a ribbed fabric, which
will be varied if other description of work be desired. On the same Sheet
of Drawings are shown separate views of some of the instruments. a is
the main shaft or driving axis upon which the various cams are fixed. On one
end of the shaft a is a bevilled toothed pinion b, which, by taking into another
bevilled toothed pinion c, gives motion to the shaft d, on which are keyed or
otherwise affixed the guide bar wheels e, f. The inclines on the guide bar
wheels e, f, act upon the lower ends e, f, of the levers e, f, which move on
their axis f; the upper ends of the levers e, f, are connected to the guide
bars e, f, by means of the links or connections e', f.
The guide bars e, f³, are connected at their other ends to the levers e**,
f, which move on their axis e*, the other ends of the levers e, f, (that is,
the opposite ends to which the guide bars are connected,) being attached to
the springs, f; and the springs e, f, being attached to the framing of the
machine, they are the means of causing the ends e', f', of the levers e, f, to
follow the form of the cuts of the guide bar wheels e, f. The cams g, g, (one
placed at either end of the axis a) act on the trucks g' of the pendant levers g³,
and cause those levers to move on their axes g'; and the pendant levers g²,
which are connected to the levers g', attached to the bar g by the connecting
links g, cause the rocking of that bar to and fro (see Figure 2), and the
upper ends of these levers 7' are connected to the frame needle bar by the
lever arms g; and thus is the requisite to and fro motion of the frame needle
bar obtained.
The cams h, of which there are two on the axis a, give motion to the
presser by acting on the truck h¹ of the lever h³, attached to the presser bar h³;
the arms are attached at one end to the presser bar, and to their other end
to the presser h³.
The cams i, of which there are three, but only two shewn in plan, are the
means employed for causing the pressure of the beards of the machine
needles; they act on the truck i¹ of the levers i, to which the machine needle
bar is attached; motion is thereby given to the levers i³, and causes those

page_text: levers to move on their centres (see Figure 2), carried by the levers 1*,
herein-after described. The cams j, of which there are two, are for giving
motion to the machine needle bar, which travels to and fro in a vertical plane;
they act on the trucks of the levers, and the levers are attached to
the machine needle bar axis, as shown in transverse section, Figure 2.
There are two cams k, which are the means employed for giving the requi-
sito movement to the work bar; they act on the trucks of the levers k²,
which are attached to the work bar axis ; there are attached to the work
bar other levers k', they being so formed at their ends as to allow of the
work bar resting thereon, the outer or front portion of the work bar being
supported by the close proximity of the machine needle bar, such arrangement
allowing to the work bar ka slight yielding movement.
The cam acts on the truck of the lever, which is attached to the
guido rocking bar P; and there are attached at suitable intervals brackets l³,
suitably formed to receive the guide bars e³, f³, herein-before described, and
allow of their to and fro movement from left to right in opposite directions,
and vice versa.
I will now describe the Diagrams Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, in Sheet 3 of
the Drawings, which exhibit the different positions of the parts during dif-
ferent stages in the forming of the work, the arrows in each Diagram
indicating the direction of the next movement of the parts. No. 1 shows
the position of the parts after the completion of a course, and just before
the guides lap their threads over the frame needles to commence a fresh
course. The guides rise through the spaces between the frame needles, they
then travel sideways one space in opposite directions, and descend again and
return to their former position. No. 2 shows the frame needles to have
travelled forward to receive the lapping of the threads, and the guides just
descending after having lapped their thread around the frame needles. No. 3
represents the lapping of the threads to have taken place and the presser
descending to press. No. 4 shows the presser acting on the beards of the
frame needles, and the machine needles about to take the crossed threads.
No. 5 shows the pressing of the machine needles, and the knocking over of
the work from the frame needles the backward movement of those needles.
The rising of the work bar takes place at the same time to beat up the work.
No. 6 shows the knocking over of the work from the machine needles by
their descent, aided by the rising of the work bar; and the parts next assume
the position shown at No. 1; and the same being repeated, the forming of the
work will procced.

page_text: Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner
of performing the same, I would have it understood that I make no claim to
any of the mechanical parts separately, nor do I confine myself to the details
herein described; but what I claim is, the mode herein described of combining
and working the guide bars and needle bars of warp machinery when two sets
of needles are employed.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Campion, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of February, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
Witness,
HENRY CANTELO,
Sneinton, near Nottingham.
WILLIAM CAMPION. (L.S.)