Improvements in Railway and Tramway Fish Bolts and Tie Bars.
Year: 1885

page_text: Improvements in Railway and Tramway Fish Bolts and
Tie Bars.
We, WILLIAM BAYLISS, of the firm of Bayliss Jones and Bayliss, of Victoria
Works, Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, railway fastening manu-
facturers, and ROBERT HOWARTH, of 9 Beaumaris Terrace, Lower Villiers Street,
Blakenhall, Wolverhampton aforesaid, engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to obtain a screwed fish bolt (or tie bar) of
a greater tensile strength compared with the sectional area of the bar from
which the bolt (or tie bar) is formed than such a bolt (or tie bar) of the usual
description.
Screwed fish bolts of the ordinary description, when tested to destruction, are
found almost invariably to fail by tearing or twisting off through the screwed part,
and not by the stripping of the thread, thus shewing conclusively that the thread
is stronger than the section of the bolt through the screwed part.
The above object is effected, according to this invention, by forming the stem
of the bolt (or by forming the tie bar) square or polygonal in transverse section
(usually, preferably, square) and cutting the thread on the angles of such section.
It will be found that when an ordinary Whitworth thread is run on a square
section, the bottom of the thread just about runs out on the flats of the square, and
in such case, with an ordinary depth of nut, the strength of the thread on the bolt
(or tie bar) will be found about equal to the strength of the bolt stem (or tie bar)
through the screwed part.
By the above invention screwed fish bolts (and tie bars) of a required strength
may be made lighter than such bolts (and tie bars) of the ordinary description.
Dated this twenty-first day of October 1995
STEPHEN WATKINS,
Agent for the Applicants.

page_text: Improvements in Railway and Tramway Fish-bolts and
Tie-bars.
We, WILLIAM BAYLISS, of the firm of Bayliss Jones and Bayliss, of Victoria
Works, Wolverhampton in the County of Stafford, railway fastening manu-
factures, and ROBERT HOWARTH, of 9 Beaumaris Terrace, Lower Villiers Street,
Blakenhall, Wolverhampton, aforesaid, engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had
to the accompanying drawings and the letters of reference marked thereon (that
is to say):-
The object of this invention is to obtain a screwed railway or tramway fish bolt,
and also a screwed railway or tramway tie-bar, of a greater tensile strength
compared with the sectional area of the bar from which the bolt, or tie-bar, is
formed, than such a bolt, or tie-bar, of the usual description.
Screwed fish-bolts (and tie-bars) of the ordinary description, when tested to
destruction, are found almost invariably to fail by tearing or twisting off through
the screwed part, and not by the stripping of the thread, thus shewing conclusively
that the thread is stronger than the section of the bolt (or tie-bar) through the
screwed part.
The above object is effected, according to this invention, by forming the stem
of the bolt (or by forming the tie-bar) square or polygonal in transverse section
(usually preferably square, with the angles chamfered off to a curve concentric
with the axis of the bolt) and cutting the thread on the angles of such section (or
on the chamfered faces).
This invention will be clearly understood on reference to the accompanying
drawings, of which figure 1 is a side elevation of a railway or tramway fish-bolt
constructed according to this invention, with the nut thereon shewn in section, and
figure 2 is an end elevation of the bolt with the not removed.
The same letters of reference occurring upon both these views indicate corre-
sponding parts.
a is the head of the bolt, b the stem or shank having the outer end screwed for
the desired distance towards the head, and c is the nut. The stem or shank of the
bolt is shewn of a square section, with the angles d d etc. chamfered or rounded
to a curve concentric with the axis of the bolt. A thread is run upon these
chamfered or rounded parts, and the degree of chamfer given is, preferably,
approximately that which will secure that when an ordinary thread is run on the
chamfered parts the bottom of the thread will run out on to the flats of the square,
as shewn by the broken line circle figure 2. When a bolt is formed and screwed
as described and shewn it will be found that, with an ordinary depth of nut, the
strength of the part of the thread on the bolt which is covered by the nut will be
about equal to the strength of the bolt through the screwed part.
This invention is capable of considerable modification without departing from its
nature, for instance, the stem of the bolt or tie-bar may be made oval, in which

page_text: case the threads will be cut on two sides of the stem only, namely, on the sides at
the opposite ends of the major axis, the threads dying out on to the surface of the
metal as they approach the sides on the opposite ends of the minor axis; or the
section of the metal may be of the character shewn at figure 3 the threads being,
of course, cut only on the parts of greater diameter; or the section may be
triangular and, preferably, with the angles chamfered to a curve concentric with
the axis of the stem, in which case the threads may die out onto the flats.
By the above invention screwed fish-bolts and tie-bars of a required strength
may be made lighter than such bolts and tie-bars of the ordinary description.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:-
1. Screwed railway and tramway fish-bolts and tie-bars, having their stems or
shanks formed from sections of bar having major and minor transverse axes
or diameters (such for instance as square, polygonal, and fluted circular) so that
the screw thread thereon is cut to its full depth round parts only of such sections,
substantially as and for the purpose herein described.
2. Screwed railway and tramway fish-bolts and tie-bars having their stems or
shanks formed of square, or triangular, sections of bar with the angles chamfered
(prefereably to a curve concentric with the axis of the stem) so that the thread
of the screw may just about run out on to the flats of the square, or triangle, sub-
stantially as and for the purpose herein described and shewn by figures 1 and 2 of
the drawings herewith.

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION,
Improvements in Railway and Tramway Fish Bolts and
Tie Bars.
We, WILLIAM BAYLISS, of the firm of Bayliss Jones and Bayliss, of Victoria
Works, Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, railway fastening manu-
facturers, and ROBERT HOWARTH, of 9 Beaumaris Terrace, Lower Villiers Street,
Blakenhall, Wolverhampton aforesaid, engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to obtain a screwed fish bolt (or tie bar) of
a greater tensile strength compared with the sectional area of the bar from
which the bolt (or tie bar) is formed than such a bolt (or tie bar) of the usual
description.
Screwed fish bolts of the ordinary description, when tested to destruction, are
found almost invariably to fail by tearing or twisting off through the screwed part,
and not by the stripping of the thread, thus shewing conclusively that the thread
is stronger than the section of the bolt through the screwed part.
The above object is effected, according to this invention, by forming the stem
of the bolt (or by forming the tie bar) square or polygonal in transverse section
(usually, preferably, square) and cutting the thread on the angles of such section.
It will be found that when an ordinary Whitworth thread is run on a square
section, the bottom of the thread just about runs out on the flats of the square, and
in such case, with an ordinary depth of nut, the strength of the thread on the bolt
(or tie bar) will be found about equal to the strength of the bolt stem (or tie bar)
through the screwed part.
By the above invention screwed fish bolts (and tie bars) of a required strength
may be made lighter than such bolts (and tie bars) of the ordinary description.
Dated this twenty-first day of October 1885.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Railway and Tramway Fish-bolts and
Tie-bars.
We, WILLIAM BAYLISS, of the firm of Bayliss Jones and Bayliss, of Victoria
Works, Wolverhampton in the County of Stafford, railway fastening manu-
facturers, and ROBERT HOWARTH, of 9 Beaumaris Terrace, Lower Villiers Street,
Blakenhall, Wolverhampton, aforesaid, engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had
to the accompanying drawings and the letters of reference marked thereon (that
is to say) :-
The object of this invention is to obtain a screwed railway or tramway fish bolt,
and also a screwed railway or tramway tie-bar, of a greater tensile strength
compared with the sectional area of the bar from which the bolt, or tie-bar, is
formed, than such a bolt, or tie-bar, of the usual description.
Screwed fish-bolts (and tie-bars) of the ordinary description, when tested to
destruction, are found almost invariably to fail by tearing or twisting off through
the screwed part, and not by the stripping of the thread, thus shewing conclusively
that the thread is stronger than the section of the bolt (or tie-bar) through the
screwed part.
The above object is effected, according to this invention, by forming the stem
of the bolt (or by forming the tie-bar) square or polygonal in transverse section
(usually preferably square, with the angles chamfered off to a curve concentric
with the axis of the bolt) and cutting the thread on the angles of such section (or
on the chamfered faces).
This invention will be clearly understood on reference to the accompanying
drawings, of which figure 1 is a side elevation of a railway or tramway fish-bolt
constructed according to this invention, with the nut thereon shewn in section, and
figure 2 is an end elevation of the bolt with the nut removed.
The same letters of reference occurring upon both these views indicate corre-
sponding parts.
a is the head of the bolt, 6 the stem or shank having the outer end screwed for
the desired distance towards the head, and c is the nut. The stem or shank of the
bolt is shewn of a square section, with the angles d d etc. chamfered or rounded
to a curve concentric with the axis of the bolt. A thread is run upon these
chamfered or rounded parts, and the degree of chamfer given is, preferably,
approximately that which will secure that when an ordinary thread is run on the
chamfered parts the bottom of the thread will run out on to the flats of the square,
as shown by the broken line circle figure 2. When a bolt is formed and screwed
as described and shewn it will be found that, with an ordinary depth of nut, the
strength of the part of the thread on the bolt which is covered by the nut will be
about equal to the strength of the bolt through the screwed part.
This invention is capable of considerable modification without departing from its
nature, for instance, the stem of the bolt or tie-bar may be made oval, in which

page_text: case the threads will be cut on two sides of the stem only, namely, on the sides at
the opposite ends of the major axis, the threads dying out on to the surface of the
metal as they approach the sides on the opposite ends of the minor axis; or the
section of the metal may be of the character shewn at figure 3 the threads being,
of course, cut only on the parts of greater diameter; or the section may be
triangular and, preferably, with the angles chamfered to a curve concentric with
the axis of the stem, in which case the threads may die out onto the flats.
By the above invention screwed fish-bolts and tie-bars of a required strength
may be made lighter than such bolts and tie-bars of the ordinary description.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is :-
1. Screwed railway and tramway fish-bolts and tie-bars, having their stems or
shanks formed from sections of bar having major and minor transverse axes
or diameters (such for instance as square, polygonal, and fluted circular) so that
the screw thread thereon is cut to its full depth round parts only of such sections,
substantially as and for the purpose herein described.
2. Screwed railway and tramway fish-bolts and tie-bars having their stems or
shanks formed of square, or triangular, sections of bar with the angles chamfered
(prefereably to a curve concentric with the axis of the stem) so that the thread
of the screw may just about run out on to the flats of the square, or triangle, sub-
stantially as and for the purpose herein described and shewn by figures 1 and 2 of
the drawings herewith.