Improvements in the Manufacture of Steel-faced Spades, Shovels, Hoes, and other Edge Tools.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Mar., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 21st Nov., 1889-Accepted, 18th Jan., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Steel-faced Spades, Shovels,
Hoes, and other Edge Tools.
I GEORGE FREDERICK LYNDON trading as Walter A. Lyndon of Fazeley Street
Birmingham in the County of Warwick Spade and Shovel and Edge Tool Manu-
facturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows
In the ordinary method of manufacturing steel faced spades shovels hoes and other
edge tools the plate of steel from which in the finished tool the cutting edge is
formed is imperfectly attached to the body of the tool and the object of my invention
is to effect a more perfect junction or welding of the steel facing to the body of the
tool than is effected by the ordinary method of manufacture.
I will describe my invention in connection with the manufacture of a spade.
In the method of manufacturing the body of a spade as now ordinarily practised
two pieces of mild steel called half moulds are taken in place of the iron formerly
used and also a bevilled piece of cast steel of the same breadth as the half moulds
and of about one half the length of the body or broad part of the mould. The said
bevilled piece of cast steel is placed upon the half moulds the thick end of the piece
of steel lying upon the end of the bodies of the half moulds. The parts described are
raised to a welding heat and by hammering the two half moulds and the bevilled
piece of cast steel are welded together. The welding however is not sound.
In order to effect a sound connection between the bevilled piece of cast steel and
the mould I proceed as follows. On the part of the upper half mould to which the
piece of cast steel is to be welded 1 place a piece of thin sheel malleable or wrought
iron and raising the half moulds and piece of wrought iron to a welding heat I weld
them together. The two half moulds and the piece of wrought iron are thus welded
into one mass or piece.
I then place upon the piece of wrought iron welded to the face of the mould tho
bevilled piece of cast steel its thick edge lying upon the end of the body of the mould
and raising the whole to a welding heat weld the piece of steel to the iron faced
mould by hammering.
The bevilled piece of cast steel is by the welding process soundly welded to the
wrought iron and the wrought iron is soundly welded to the rould of light steel
the attachment of the cast steel to the mould being so soundly effected that it cannot
be detached therefrom. Wrought iron will weld soundly to mild and cast steel but
mild steel will not weld soundly to cast steel. By the interposition of the wrought
iron between the two kinds of steel the cast steel is effectually secured to the mould.
In welding the piece of sheet wrought iron to the half moulds I sometimes
employ a piece of sheet wrought iron of such a length that its end can be turned
down over the end of the upper half mould and engaged between the ends of the two
half moulds. By this means the piece of wrought iron is prevented from slipping out
of place during the heating and welding process.
My invention is applicable to the manufacture of spades and the like where a
solid mould is employed instead of two half moulds.
The steel faced mould made as described is converted into a spade in the ordinary
way.
נית
1
1000
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Steel-faced Spades, Shovels,
Hoes, and other Edge Tools.
1 GEORGE FREDERICK LYNDON trading as Walter A. Lyndon of Fazeley Street
Birmingham in the County of Warwick Spade and Shovel and Edge Tool Manu-
facturer do hereby declare the nature of my invention and the manner in which the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :—
In the ordinary method of manufacturing steel faced spades shovels hoes and
other edge tools the plate of steel from which in the finished tool the cutting edge is
formed is imperfectly attached to the body of the tool and the object of my invention
is to effect a more perfect junction or welding of the steel facing to the body of the
tool than is effected by the ordinary method of manufacture.
I will describe my invention in connection with the manufacture of a spade.
In the method of manufacturing the body of a spade as now ordinarily practised
two pieces of mild steel called half moulds are taken in place of the iron formerly
used and also a bevilled piece of cast steel of the same breadth as the half moulds
and of about one half the length of the body or broad part of the mould. The said
bevilled piece of cast steel is placed upon the half moulds the thick end of the piece
of steel lying upon the end of the bodies of tho half moulds. The parts described are
raised to a welding heat and by hammering, the two half moulds and the bevilled
piece of cast steel are welded together. The welding however is not sound.
In order to effect a sound connection between the bevilled piece of cast steel and
the mould I proceed as follows. On the part of the upper half mould to which the
piece of cast steel is to be welded I place a piece of thin sheet malleable or wrought
iron and raising the half moulds and piece of wrought iron to a welding heat I
weld them together. The two half moulds and the piece of wrought iron are thus
welded into one mass or piece.
I then place upon the piece of wrought iron welded to the face of the mould the
bevilled piece of cast steel its thick edge lying upon the end of the body of the mould
and raising the whole to a welding heat weld the piece of steel to the iron faced
mould by hammering.
The bevilled piece of cast steel is by the welding process soundly welded to the
wrought iron and the wrought iron is soundly welded to the mould of mild steel the
attachment of the cast steel to the mould being so soundly effected that it cannot be
detached therefroni. Wrought iron will weld soundly to mild and cast steel but mild
steel will not weld soundly to cast steel. By the interposition of the wrought iron
between the two kinds of steel the cast steel is effectually secured to the mould. In
welding the piece of sheet wrought iron to the half moulds 1 sometimes employ a
piece of sheet wrought iron of such a length that its end can be turned down over the
end of the upper half mould and engaged between the ends of the two half moulds.
By this means the piece of wrought iron is prevented from slipping out of place
during the heating and welding process.
My invention is applicable to the manufacture of spades and the like where a solid
mould is employed instead of two half moulds.
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying Drawing the
'manner in which my invention is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in side elevation and plan of upper side and Figure 2 in eud
elevation, the two pieces or half moulds of mild steel together with the piece of sheet
wrought iron which is to be welded to the face of the mould: a, a are the half moulds
of mild steel and 6 62 is the piece of sheet wrought iron to be welded to them. The
said piece of sheet wrought iron is preferably of the same breadth as the rear or
broad part of the half mould and is doubled or folded, the bent end passing over or
embracing the end of the upper half mould and the under bent part or short branch 62
being engaged between the ends of the two half moulds as represented. Or instead

page_text: of making the two branches of the doubled or folded piece of wrought iron of the
same breadth the under branch may be made narrower than the upper branch and the
narrow part bent over the end of the upper half mould and engaged between the two
half moulds as represented in Figure 3, where the narrow part of the wrought iron is
marked b. By the use of a piece of wrought iron of the kinds represented in
Figures 1, 2 and 3, the lower branch or part being engaged between the half moulds,
the piece of wrought iron is prevented from slipping out of place during the heating
and welding process. After the piece of wrought iron has been placed upon and
secured to the half moulds in the manner represented the said half moulds are heated
and welded together into one mass or piece in the ordinary way as represented in
side elevation and plan in Figure 4 where the wrought iron face of the mould is
indicated in dotted lines and is marked b'.
Having thus faced the mild steel mould with a facing of wrought iron at 6* I
place upon the wrought iron face the bevilled piece of cast steel 6 as represented
in side elevation and plan in Figure 5 the said cast steel piece being arranged upon
the wrought iron faced mould in the manner represented, that is, with its thick end
lying upon the end of the body of the mould. The mould Figure 5 together with
the cast steel piece being raised to a welding heat the said cast steel piece b³ is
welded to the wrought iron faced part of the mould by hammering in the usual way
and a solid mould partly faced with cast steel is produced.
By interposing between the mild steel mould a, a and the bevilled cast steel piece ³ a
layer or facing of wrought iron as described and represented, a very sound weld
or perfect junction between the two kinds of steel is effected.
The steel faced mould made as described and illustrated is plated out or converted
into a spade in the ordinary way.
Instead of employing a folded or doubled piece of sheet wrought iron for facing
the upper half mould of the two half moulds a flat piece of sheet wrought iron of the
shape of the part b to cover only a portion of the face of the upper half mould may be
employed as represented in side elevation and plan in Figure 6, the doubling of the
wrought iron being thus dispensed with; and instead of employing two half moulds of
mild steel a solid mould of mild steel may be employed. In this case a piece of sheet
wrought iron of the kind last described may be used for coating or covering a portion
of the upper face of the solid mould prior to welding the bovilled shaped piece of
cast steel to it; or the sheet wrought iron piece may be doubled or bent around
the end and on the underside of the solid mould to keep the said wrought iron
piece in its place.
In making moulds for the production of steel faced shovels hoes and other edge
tools according to my invention I proceed in the manner hereinbefore described
and illustrated with respect to a mould for the manufacture of a steel faced
spade.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my invention
and the manner in which the same is to he performed I declare that I claim as my
invention of "Improvements in the manufacture of steel faced spades shovels hoes
and other edge tools" :--
Interposing between the upper face of the mould of mild steel (either made of two
half moulds or of a solid or single mould) of which the body of the spade or
article is formed and the cast steel piece from which the cutting edge of the article
is formed, a layer of sheet wrought iron welded to the said mould for the purpose
of producing a sound weld or perfect junction between the said mild steel mould
and the cast steel piece welded to its upper face substantially as hereinbefore
described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawing.