An Apparatus for Projecting Liquid Fuel, Intimately Mixed with Air and Steam, in a State to be Burnt for Heating Steam Boilers, and for other purposes.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Sept., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 30th June, 1896-Accepted, 1st Aug., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Apparatus for Projecting Liquid Fuel, Intimately Mixed with
Air and Steam, in a State to be Burnt for Heating Steam
Boilers, and for other purposes.
I, CHARLES JAMES Fox of 61 and 65 Kings Cross Road in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My liquid fuel projector consists mainly of three concentric tubes, they have
flanges upon them at one end by which they are bolted firmly together, for it is a
feature of my apparatus that it has no moveable parts. Between. the concentric
tubes annular spaces are enclosed; the liquid fuel is supplied into the inner
annular space whilst steam is supplied into the outer annular space. The steam
issues at the fore part of the apparatus by fine apertures arranged in a ring, and
this ring of apertures encircles another like ring of apertures by which the liquid
fuel passes out. Both rings surround a central passage through which the steam
induces a powerful current of air.
So it will be seen that an annular steam jet is produced and this surrounds and
encloses within it liquid fuel which passes forward with the steam, whilst air
entering by the central tube forms the core of the compound jet. The air
supplies the oxygen necessary for the combustion of the jet which when projected
into a furnace and ignited burns freely. It is a point of importance that the
steam jet surrounds and envelopes the spray of liquid fuel, it prevents dispersion
and loss which would otherwise ensue.
As to the details of the apparatus, the inner tube is preferably cylindrical and
it has a flange upon its rear end. At the fore end the inner tube is thickened
around the mouth and through this thickening fine holes are drilled by which the
liquid fuel is to issue.
The middle tube is somewhat taper being larger in rear than at the fore end, it
is flanged to meet the flange upon the outer tube; a passage is formed through
the flange for the liquid fuel to pass to the interior of the middle tube. The
middle tube at its fore end embraces tightly the thickened end of the inner
tube.
The exterior tube is also taper and it again has a flange at its rear end which
sits upon the flange of the middle tube, all three flanges being bolted together. At
its fore end the outer tube is coned and it fits tightly upon the tapered end of the
middle tube. The perforations for the steam to issue are drilled' in the coned and
tapered ends of the two tubes where they come together. The steam supply pipe
which is preferably of copper enters the outer conical tube through the side and
there is a regulating cock upon the steam pipe. A sleeve surrounds the steam
pipe, it is screwed at one end into a boss upon the flange of the outer tube and at
the other end is a stuffing box through which the steam pipe passes out of the sleeve.
A supply pipe with a regulating cock upon it admits the liquid fuel to the interior of
the sleeve and it passes thence by a passage in the boss of the outer tube and in
its flange to the passage already referred to in the flange of the middle tube; by
this passage the liquid fuel enters the middle tube as already described.
In some cases I may desire to obtain a diffused flame then I provide a chamber
at the front of the apparatus to receive the mixture of liquid fuel, steam and air

page_text: produced in the manner described; the front of this chamber I perforate with
numerous fine holes so that the inflammable mixture may escape in numerous
streams and may be burnt when in this divided state in place of being burnt as a
single powerful jet.
Dated this 30th day of September 1895.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Apparatus for Projecting Liquid Fuel, Intimately Mixed with
Air and Steam, in a State to be Burnt for Heating Steam
Boilers, and for other purposes.
I, CHARLES JAMES Fox, of 61 and 65 Kings Cross Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My liquid fuel projector is represented by the annexed drawings.
Figure 1 is a horizontal section.
Figure 2 is a plan with parts removed.,
Figure 3 is a rear elevation.
Figure 4 is a section showing the stop or regulating valve.
Figure 5 is a front elevation of the nozzle and shows to a
larger scale the
openings by which the air, the liquid fuel and the steam, respectively issue.
The apparatus consists mainly of three concentric tubes ab and c, they have
flanges a¹and c¹ upon them at one end by which they are bolted firmly together, for
it is a feature of my apparatus that it has no moveable parts. Between the
concentric tubes annular spaces are enclosed; the liquid fuel (crude Russian
petroleum is suitable) is supplied at 6 into the inner annular space whilst steam is
supplied at a into the outer annular space. The steam issues at the fore part of
the apparatus by fine apertures d d arranged in a ring, and this ring of apertures
encircles another like ring of apertures e e by which the liquid fuel passes out.
Both rings surround a central passage through which the steam induces a
powerful current of air.
So it will be seen that an annular steam jet is produced and this surrounds and
encloses within it liquid fuel which passes forward with the steam, whilst air
entering by the central tube forms the core of the compound jet. The air supplies
the oxygen necessary for the combustion of the jet which when projected into a
furnace and ignited burns freely. It is a point of importance that the steam jet
surrounds and envelopes the spray of liquid fuel, it prevents dispersion and loss
which would otherwise ensue.
It is expedient that the perforations e by which the liquid fuel issues should be
(as shown) more numerous on the upper than on the under side as thereby a more
uniform distribution is obtained.
As to the details of the apparatus, the inner tube c is preferably cylindrical and
it has a flange c' upon its rear end. At the fore end the inner tube is thickened
around the mouth at and through this thickening fine holes e are drilled or it
may be notches are formed by which the liquid fuel is to issue.
The middle tube is slightly taper being larger in rear than at the fore end, it
is flanged at b¹ to meet the flange c¹ upon the outer tube; a passage is formed
through the flange at & for the liquid fuel to pass to the interior of the middle
tube. The middle tube at its fore end embraces tightly the thickened end of the
⚫inner tube.
The exterior tube a is also taper and it again has a flange a¹ at its rear end

page_text: which sits upon the flange b¹ of the middle tube, all three flanges being bolted
together by bolts g g. At its fore end the outer tube is coned and it fits tightly
upon the tapered end of the middle tube. The perforations d for the steam to issue
are drilled in the coned and tapered ends of the two tubes a and b where they come
together. The steam supply pipe h which is preferably of copper and coiled as shown
enters the outer conical tube a through the side at a and there is a regulating
cock (not shown) upon the steam pipe. A sleeve i surrounds the steam pipe, it is
screwed at one end on to a boss upon the flange of the outer tube and at the other
end is a stuffing box through which the steam pipe h passes out of the sleeve.
A supply pipe k with a regulating cock upon it admits the liquid fuel to the interior
of the sleeve and it passes thence by a passage in the boss of the outer tube and
in its flange to the passage already referred to in the flange of the middle
tube; by this passage the liquid fuel enters the middle tube as already
described.
A stop valve m is preferably provided as is shown in Figure 4.
a is a flange upon the fore part of the tube a'; it receives bolts by which the
apparatus is fixed in its place upon the front of the furnace so that the jet of
flame which issues from the apparatus may pass into the furnace and be suitably
directed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A liquid fuel projector substantially as described in which a central air
passage is surrounded by an annulus from which liquid fuel issues and this is again
surrounded by an annulus supplied with steam which issues as a tubular jet
and carries forward with it as a compound combustible jet, the liquid fuel
and air.
2. A liquid fuel projector constructed with three concentric tubes, flanged and
bolted together in rear and enclosing a central air passage and two concentric
annular chambers and with means for supylying liquid fuel to the inner annular
chamber and steam to the outer one and with apertures so arranged that the
steam issues as a tubular jet and carries forward within it the liquid fuel and the
air, the whole forming a compound combustible jet as herein described.
3. A liquid fuel projector substantially as described and represented by the
annexed drawings.
D
201 1
T1000