Improvements in Machines for Mordaunting, Dyeing, Washing, and Sizing all kinds of Hanks of Yarn.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Feb., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 9th Nov., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 14th Dec., 1888
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines for Mordaunting, Dyeing, Washing, and
Sizing all kinds of Hanks of Yarn.
1, SAMUEL SPENCER of Narrow Lane Victoria Engineering Works, Whitefield near
Manchester in the County of Lancashire, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows :-
Heretofore in machines for mordaunting and dyeing hanks of yarn, a series of
rollers or fallers have been generally employed, on which the hanks to be dyed were
placed, and to which rotary motion was imparted, for the purpose of drawing the
hanks of yarn through the dye or mordaunt either continuously or reversibly.
This means of mordaunting and dyeing hanks of yarn is objectionable, owing to the
ends of the hank not remaining straight and the dye or mordaunt not penetrating or
striking it sufficiently.
To overcome these defects the object of my invention is to provide means whereby
the hank is intermittently drawn through, raised, lowered, and opened successively
in the mordaunt or dye, which causes the ends of the bank to remain perfectly
straight, and the mordaunt or dye to penetrato and strike the same more completely.
To this end I arrange on or above a suitable vat or cistern, in place of the usual
fallers or rollers, a convenient number of discs, either alone or in conjunction
with a suitable wringing mechanism, preferably such as described in my Patent
No. 374689.
Each of these discs is fixed on a short shaft carried by a suitable bearing mounted
on a frame, the vat or cistern, and provided with a suitable wheel, preferably a worm
wheel in gear with a worm fixed on the driving shaft of the machine.
The aforesaid disc I form with a radial slot into which I fix adjustably a rod or
arm, the end of the said short shaft, to which the disc is fixed, or the disc itself, being
formed with a concentric hole or socket to receive a stick or bar on which the hanks
are generally placed.
The said rod or arm at a right angle, extends from the said disc to near the front of
the vat or cistern, the said stick or bar being arranged parallel to the said rod or arm

page_text: and in front carried by means of a support hinged to the front of the vat or cistern.
which facilitates the placing & removing of the hank on and from the said disc. The
action of the disc described, is as follows:-A hank of yarn previously placed on the
said stick or bar, is placed onto the said rod or arm and the ends of the stick
or bar placed respectively into the concentric hole on the disc or disc shaft and hinged
support.
By means of suitable driving gear rotary motion is imparted continuously and
reversibly to the said disc, thus causing its rod or arm to revolve around the said
stick or bar which remains stationary.
The said rod or arm when revolving from its lowest to its highest position, lifts the
hank and gives it a turn equal to the radius at which the said rod or arm is fixed on
the disc, while during the first and second quarters of its revolution, it opens and
closes the hank respectively.
On the said rod or arm completing its revolution, viz. revolving from its highest to
its lowest position, the hank is lowered, and opened and closed respectively during the
third and fourth quarters of the revolution of the said rod or arm.
It will thus be understood that although the rotation of the disc is continuous, the
action on the hank, viz., its rotation, is intermittent, as the rod or arm only imparts a
turn to same on its ascent.
When the banks have been drawn through the mordaunt or dye a sufficient length
of time, the same are generally lifted out of the vat or cistern by suitable means,
but instead of so lifting the hanks, I prefer to lower the level of the mordaunt
or dye.
This I accomplish by employing inside the vat or cistern a box or receptacle, which
by suitable means, can be raised or lowered so as to bring the hank into the mordaunt
or dye contained therein or take the same from it by respectively raising or lowering
the said box or receptacle.
By adjusting the afore-mentioned rod or arm nearer to or from the centre of its
disc or axis, the amount of turn to be imparted to the hank may be altered according
to its length so as to cause the said rod or arm to touch each time a different part of
the hank.
The rod or bar placed into the concentric hole in the aforesaid disc & onto the
hinged support in front of the cistern, may be substituted by extending the shaft of
the said disc across the cistern.
I may remark that the aforesaid disc may be made double-acting by employing two
of the described rods or arms on the said disc, and that the improvements described are
also applicable for washing & sizing any kind of hanks of yarn, in which case however
the speed of the disc is increased.
Dated this 6th day of February 1888.

page_text: Improvements in Machines for Mordaunting, Dyeing, Washing, and
Sizing all kinds of Hanks of Yarn.
I, SAMUEL SPENCER of Narrow Lane Victorin Engineering Works Whitefield,
near Manchester, in the County of Lancashire, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Heretofore in machines for mordaunting and dyeing hanks of yarn, a series of
rollers or fallers have been generally employed, on which the hanks to be dyed were
placed, and to which rotary motion was imparted, for the purpose of drawing the
hanks of yarn through the dye or mordaunt either continuously or reversibly.
This means of mordaunting and dyeing hanks of yarn is objectionable, owing to the
ends of the hank not remaining straight, and the dye or mordaunt not penetrating or
striking it sufficiently.
To overcome these defects the object of my invention is to provide means whereby
the hank is intermittently drawn through, raised, lowered, and opened successively
in the mordaunt or dye, which causes the ends of the hank to remain perfectly
straight, and the mordaunt or dye to penetrate and strike the same more completely.
And in order that my invention may be more fully understood I have caused to
be appended hereunto one sheet of drawings marked with letters of reference indicating
like parts in the various figures.
Fig. 1 is a front elevation partly in section, Fig. 2 a sectional end view, and Figs. 3,
4, 5, 6, & 7, modifications of my invention.
In carrying out my improvements I arrange on or above a suitable vat or cistern a,
in place of the usual fallers or rollers, a convenient number of discs b, either alone or
in conjunction with a suitable wringing mechanism, preferably such as described in
my Patent 37468.
Each of these discs b is fixed on a short shaft c carried by a suitable bearing d,
mounted on a frame e, or the vat or cistern a itself, and provided with a suitable
wheel, preferably a worm wheel ƒ in gear with a worm g fixed on the driving shaft h,
of the machine.
The aforesaid disc b, I form with a radial slot into which I fix adjustably a rod or
arm i, the end of the said short shaft c to which the disc b is fixed, or the latter itself,
being formed with a concentric hole or socket to receive a stick or bar k on which the
hanks are generally placed.
The said rod or arm i at a right angle, extends from the said disc b to near the front
of the vat or cistern a, the said stick or bar & being arranged parallel to the said rod
or arm i and in front carried by means of a support m, hinged to the front of the vat
or cistern a where the latter is stationary, & when removable to the frame e thereof
which facilitates the placing and removing of the bank on and from the said
disc b, i.e., rod or armi, & stick or bar k by swinging the same into the position shown
in dotted lines.
The action of the disc b, is as follows:-A hank of yarn previously placed on the

page_text: said stick or bar k, is placed onto the said rod or arm i and the ends of the stick or
bar placed respectively into the concentric hole on the disc b or disc shaft c and
hinged support m.
By means of suitable driving gear, such as fast and loose pullies n & o rotary
motion is imparted continuously and if desired reversibly to the said disc b, thus
causing its rod or arm i to revolve around its centre or stick or bar k which latter
remains stationary.
The said rod or arm when revolving from its lowest to its highest position, lifts
the hank land gives it a turn equal to the radius at which the said rod or arm i is
fixed on the disc band during the first and second quarters of its revolution, opens
and closes the lank respectively see positions I & II Fig. 1 by reason of the concentric
rod or bark holding one side of the hank / fast.
On the said rod or arm i completing its revolution, viz., revolving from its highest
to its lowest position see positions III & IV Fig. 1 the hank is lowered, and opened
and closed respectively during the third and fourth quarters of the revolution of the
said rod or arm i.
It will thus be understood that although the rotation of the disc is continuous, the
action of the lank l, viz., its rotation, is intermittent, as the rod or arm i only imparts
a turn to same on its ascent.
When the hanks have been drawn through the mordaunt or dye a sufficient
length of time, the same are generally lifted out of the vat or cistern a by suitable
means, but instead of so lifting the hanks L, I prefer to lower the level of the
mordaunt or dye.
This I accomplish in existing machines by employing inside the vat or cistern
a box, or in new machines, inside the frame e, a receptacle or vat a, which by suitable
means can be raised or lowered so as to bring the hanks into the mordaunt or dye
contained therein, or take the same from it, by respectively raising or lowering the
said box or receptacle a.
In smaller machines this fenture of my invention I prefer to carry out by means
of cams a² fixed. onto a shaft q underneath the box, receptacle, or vat a, to be
raised or lowered, and actuated by means of a hand lever r retained in position by
means of a pin ².
In larger machines I impart to the shaft the motion necessary for the purpose of
lowering or raising the box, receptacle or vat a, by mechanical & self-acting means,
such as worm and worm wheel or other gearing actuated reversibly from the driving
shaft h, and instead of the cams a¹, other suitable means may be employed. By
adjusting the afore-mentioned rod or arım i nearer to or further from the centre of its
disc or axis c, the amount of turn to be imparted to the hank may be altered
according to its length, so as to cause the said rod or arm i to touch a different part of
the bank l.
The rod or bar k placed into the eccentric hole-in the aforesaid disc band onto the
hinged support m in front of the cistern a, inay be substituted by extending the shaft c
of the said disc bacross the cistern a, see Figs. 3 & 4. In this case, however, the
same is not stationary.
Another modification consists in dispensing altogether with the rod or bar k,
see Figs. 6 & 7, and increasing the rod or arm i in width, which will give exactly
the same effect as regards the lifting, lowering, and opening of the hank 1, as when
using the rod or bar k.
If desirable the rod or armi may be made a fixture on the disc band of earthenware
as shown in Figs. 6 & 7, and instead of employing the same on disc b it may be
formed or fixed to a lever arm 63 as shown in Fig. 5.
I may remark that the aforesaid disc b may be made double-acting by employing
two of the described rods or arms i on the said disc b, and that the improvements
described are also applicable to machines for washing and sizing any kinds of hanks of
yarn in which case, however, the speed of the disc b'is increased.
The machine illustrated in the drawing is a single one but it will be understood
that the shafts c may be extended, and the machine made into a double one.

page_text: I would remark that the means described for drawing the hank 7 through the
liquid, may be also arranged to be raised or lowered & used in conjunction with
stationary vats or cisterns.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven™
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim, is :-
In machines for mordaunting, dyeing, washing and sizing all kinds of hanks of
yarn :-
1st. Intermittently rotating the hanks through the dye or other liquid, by
successively raising, opening and closing, and lowering, opening & closing the same
by means of a rod or arm i, actuated by a disc or arm b, substantially as and for the
purpose specified.
2nd. Raising and lowering the level of the dye or other liquid in the vat a by
respectively raising or lowering the vat or receptacle containing the dye or other .
liquid, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
Dated this 8th day of November 1888
F. BOSSHARDT & Co.,
4, Corporation Street, Manchester,
Agents to Applicant.