IMPROVEMENTS IN SMOKE-CONSUMING APPARATUS FOR STEAM BOLLER AND OTHER FURNACES. AND IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING PARTS OF THE SAME
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jean Baptiste Pierre Alfred Thierry, residing at
No. 146, Faubourg St. Denis. Paris, in the Empire of France, for the
Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN SMOKE-CONSUMING APPARATUS FOR STEAM
BOLLER AND OTHER FURNACES. AND IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING PARTS
OF THE SAME,"
Sealed the 31st January 1868, and dated the 12th October, 1867.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Jean Baptiste Pierre Alfred
Thierry at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition
and Declaration on the 12th October 1867, pursuant to the 9th Section
of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, BE IT
KNOWN, that 1, JEAN BAPTISTE PIERRE ALFRED THIERRY, residing at No. 146,
Faubourg St. Denis, Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SMOKE-CONSUMING APPARATUS.
POR STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES, AND IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING
PARTS OF THE SAME," and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, that is to say-
This Invention has for its object improvements on former Patents granted
to me for smoke-consuming apparatus.
The principle of my Invention is still the same, the superheating steam to a
Paid I

page_text: suitable degree for promoting the combustion of smoke producing gases, the
drawing in air by a jet, and the forcing in a current of steam for mixing it in
the hearths or fire-boxes of marine and land furnaces with all the ignited
gaseous products which are there disengaged during the combustion of all
mineral or vegetable combustibles by the sole method of eddying and stirring
up the gaseous products in the interior of the fire-boxes simply by projecting
superheated steam into the fire-boxes of steam boiler furnaces into the hearths
of furnaces and into the shafts of blast furnaces.
The improvements described in this Specification render my smoke-com-
suming apparatus entirely perfect, as they determine with precision the angles
at which steam is to be blown into furnaces, with the view of drawing in the
amount of air necessary for the complete combustion of the fuel, and for the
production of colorless carbonic acid gas. These different angles are shown
by the aid of a scale divided into degrees of the circle, and if they be suitably
employed, as herein-after described, it is quite impossible not to obtain
complete combustion of smoke, and also the highest possible yield of heat by
following precisely the practical and theoretical instructions which I have
herein-after given.
It has taken me ten years of work and daily experimenting to be able to
describe and mathematically carry out the new and improved applications of
my smoke consumer, which I am now able to certify accomplishes completely
and economically the decomposition of all the gases which are generated in a
furnace by the production of car bonic acid combined with its theoretical
quantities of oxygen and nitrogen produced by the decomposition of the atmo-
spheric air drawn in stirred up, and mixed in sufficient quantity therewith.
It has been necessary for me also to improve and modify all the apparatus
described in my former Patents to render them so simple and easy of appli-
cation, adjustment, and working that anyone desiring to make use of them
can apply them by the aid of the Drawings and descriptions which 1 append
to this application. It is, then, the form, the modes of operating, and the
construction of the new parts of my smoke consumers which I now wish to
Patent, although these may be somewhat modified in exceptional cases, and
more particularly the angles at which the steam is projected, which are almost
invariable as to their inclinations more or less high or low into the interior of
furnaces, may be increased or diminished on the same plane or planes,
according to the degrees of the angles determined on for the purpose of
introducing sufficient air for the complete combustion of the gases, and also
for preventing the drawing down of these gases below the furnace bars into the
ash-pit principally at the time of putting on fuel or the opening of the fire-doors

page_text: This being premised, I pass at once to the description of all the new
applications which I have invented, and to the descriptions of the tools
for boring with precision the projecting orifices in the nozzles, pipes, or tuyeres
of the blowing apparatus placed in the interior or on the exterior of furnaces,
and which tools serve to determine the angles at which the holes are bored
through the metal in order that the steam shall always be guided by the
orifices in the directions previously determined on by means of the degrees and
angles marked on the sectors of my boring machines. In addition and with
the view of modifying and of regulating the introduction of air into furnaces and
to more easily remove slag and cinders therefroin I have designed a new
system of jointed furnace bars which may be used when borning any kind of
fuel; these furnace bars work so easily that they may be thoroughly cleaned
in a few minutes of all residue which obstructs the spaces between the bars,
and prevents air passing into the interior of the furnaces. In order to accelerate
this introduction of air I have invented several blowers for drawing in air,
which are described in this Specification, aud by which the production of
steam may be considerably increased, although the time required for raising
steam is diminished. These blowers may be caused to act simultaneously or
alternately with the smoke consuming jets of steam, which draw in atmospheric
air, and will produce instantly a rapid and brilliant combustion similar to that
obtained in the best furnaces where nothing has been neglected for obtaining
a complete and economical combustion of the fuel.
I also show a Drawing of an apparatus to be placed on the tops of chimnies
or especially on the funnels of steam vessels; it may be furnished with a
second screen placed above the first. This screen prevents a down draft of
the gases in the chimney, facilitates their passing away,augments the intensity
of the combustion, prevents smoke from passing down chimneys into apart-
ments, and works equally well in all winds however violent.
In conclusion the new angles at which the steam is projected, as also the
new forms of smoke-consuming apparatus, and the other apparatus relating to
their manufacture and setting in place, are all adapted for introducing the
requisite quantity of atmospheric air into furnaces in such a manner as to
break up and mix all the ignited gases with the quantity of oxygen with which
they are capable of uniting (according to their degrees of affinity more or less
variable for the surrounding air) with a view to obtain, 1, carbonic acid;
2, oxygen; 3, nitrogen, and to obtain this latter in the best conditions for the
complete combustion of combustible gascous matters and of all vegetable or
mineral combustibles,

page_text: My Invention is applicable to the melting of iron and copper, or to the
fusion of other minerals and metals capable of being treated and melted in all
kinds of blast furnaces or cupolas. The method which I employ is very simple.
I effect the blowing by means of hollow rings of wrought or cast iron of great
thickness, channels for air and water are cast or formed at the same time as
the circle in order that air or water may be admitted into the hollow of the
ring to prevent its melting or oxidizing too quickly by the action of the heat;
in the same hollow ring orifices are formed across the interior or exterior
diameter of the ring in order to be able to blow by the aid of nozzles of metal
or other refractory material steam which has been superbeated into the interior
of the shaft of the furnace from that part of the circumference called the belly,
and in the direction of the lining towards the two frustrums of inverted cones.
and in the direction of the metal which sinks down constantly as it melts on
to the upper part of the crucible or hearth. In one of the interior channels of
the ring above-mentioned air or water circulates constantly at its upper part,
and in the second channel steam is superheated to be led by union joints on
the exterior of the furnace or cupola into the interior of the tuyeres or nozzles
for injecting superheated steam, and also when desired atmospheric air com-
bined therewith. The air is drawn in directly by the vacuum produced by the
current of steam; it is injected through orifices formed for the purpose into
the interior of the blowing nozzles, which impel it together with the steam
into the shaft above the boshes in directions more or less inclined either
upwards or downwards. By these means the fireand fushion increase rapidly
in intensity, the work is more quickly performed, the iron obtained is of a
better quality, and I anticipate that steel might obtained from the upper
part of the crucible or hearth. The saving of fuel will be very considerable,
and in addition the time employed for melting the minerals will be much
shortened. Steam may also be blown in thin streams into the interior of the
tuyeres employed in blast furnaces or cupolas by adapting in the pipe leading
thereto at suitable distances from the nozzles hollow rings of iron connected
with one or more small tubes, the circle being bored and tapped to receive
nozzles bored out conically to different diameters, which nozzles are to blow in
the direction of the currents of hot or cold air blown by the blowing machines
into the hearths of blast furnaces or cupolas. It should be understood that
the crowns or rings or the nozzles which are bent round horizontally may be
of iron or other refractory metal, that they may be placed either vertically or
horizontally in the blast pipe for hot or cold air, and that the injecting orifices

page_text: blow constantly either along the central axis of the pipe or along its inner
circumference, in order that the air forced forward by the blowing machine
shall be drawn in as though by a piston forming a vacuum, and be further
violently drawn in by the current of superheated steam, which accelerates
its speed. The speed of the draft can be regulated at pleasure by opening
more or less the inlet cocks through which the superheated steam passes.
The first part of this Invention relates to the blowing superheated steam
into steam boiler and other furnaces, and so consuming the smoke produced
therein.
In the Drawings hereunto annexed, Plate 1, Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, show
my improved sinoke-consuming apparatus applied to a fixed steam boiler
furnace. In these Figures A is the exit of steam for the blower; it should be
at the bighest point ofthe steam chamber, and always on the dome when the
boiler is fitted with one; at its extremity there may be a syphon strainer.
B, cock to admit the steam into the blower; C, escape cock, by which the
state of dryness of the steam may be ascertained, and water drawn off. E, E,
superheater, with a return into the steam reservoir of the boiler. F, steam
blower; it is composed of a tube passing around the door and inside of the
furnace, and its upper part is furnished with holes through which steam is
projected in different directions on to the fire; this steam is superheated in
two upright chambers, which are placed in the inasonry in front of the furnace,
and from which they receive a strong heat; they may also be protected from
the flames by guards of metal, clay, or fire-brick. G, return pipe for the return
of superheated steam to the generator. K, extractor for extracting the
calcareous sediments held in suspension in the water of the boiler; this is
done in order to prevent burning, and that the steam may he more easily
produced the metal surfaces being always clean. O, box (formed in the casting,
and furnished with a lid) for receiving the steam blowing apparatus. In the
bottom of the box there are holes for the passage of the nozzles for projecting
steam into the furnace; in the lid are corresponding holes, closed with screw
plugs, which facilitate the cleaning of the nozzles when they are stopped up.
P, inlet of steam to superheater. S, S, superheater and drier. With this
apparatus wet steam may be taken from any part of the boiler; for example,
from the cock P this vapour passes into the tube S, which is of an elongated
U-form. It is placed in the flues and consequently is exposed to a very high
temperature. Here the steam is dried and superheated, and retures by the
tube G to the steam reservoir of the boiler; this steain may be employed by
means of the tube H for the use of the smoke-consuming apparatus or for any
other use, such as the heating of cylinders, &c., or for other purposes. This

page_text: superheater can be so placed that it may be put up or taken away without
any material alteration of the masonry of the furnace. S, S', steam pipe, and
blower in the chimney; it is composed of an arched tube (formed in a crown
of helix) placed at the base of the chimney, and pierced with holes, by which
steam which is led from the boiler through a tap projected into the chimney;
by this means a great draft is obtained when from atmospheric causes or from
faults of construction air is wanting for the combustion of the fuel.
Figure 4 represents a front view and horizontal section of the front plate of
a furnacespeciallyadapted for readilyapplyingand for inspecting and repairing
the smoke-consuming apparatus, as also for the cleaning of the orfices, and for
the passage of air around the nozzles. V, circular and horizontal blower
furnished with nozzles; these nozzles are conical in the interior.
In Figure 1, Plate 2, of the Drawings is shown my improved smoke-con-
suming apparatus applied to locomotive boilers. In this Figure is shown the
general application of the smoke-consuming apparatus to a locomotive boiler
of the drying and superheating apparatus for the steam in the sinoke box, and
also of the blower in the chimney. A is the point at which steam for the
smoke-consumer is taken from the dome of the boiler. B, cock for admitting
steam into the blowing tube F. C, C, tube for conducting the steam from
the cock B to the blowing tube F. F, blowing tube pierced with holes by
which the steam escapes into the furnace at the angles indicated by the
Drawing. G, moveable grate which allows of cleaning and even of instan-
taneously removing the fire and clinkers and cinder from the furnace.
L, L, L, L, L, L, levers and connecting rods to work the grate. V, V, screw
with its handle placed conveniently for the stoker to give the necessary move-
ment to the levers L, L, L, L, L, for removing the grate. P, superheater of
a serpentine form placed in the smoke box, and absorbing the heat from the
flames passing from the furnace; the steam is admitted into this tube by a
cock placed at any point on the boiler, and after having passed through the
superheater re-enters into the boiler by the cock Q. Q, return of superheated
steam into the dome of the boiler. K, exit of steam for the blower in the
chinney. S, blower pierced with holes projecting the steam into the chimney
for accelerating the draft and the combustion in the furnace, especially when
stopping or just before the stopping of the locomotive, or when a quantity of
fuel is put on.
On Plate 3 of the Drawings are shown details of various parts of the
apparatus. Figure 2 is a perspective view of an apparatus having steam
entrances at its two extremities and blow-off cocks in the middle. Figure 3,
section of blower tube F, showing the inclination of the steam jets to the

page_text: horizontal. Figure 4, section taken through the axis of the furnace) of the
apparatus (Figure 2) showing the inclination of the jets to the vertical.
Figure 5, plan of the same apparatus showing the horizontal directions of the
jets. Figure 6,perspective view of an apparatus passing along the whole length
of the furnace, and having a steam entrance at one end and an escape cock at
the other. Figure 7, section of blower tube showing the inclination of the
jets to the horizontal. Figure 8, section of the apparatus Figure 6, showing
the inclination of the jets to the vertical. Figure 9, plan of the same
apparatus showing the horizontal directions of the jets. Figure 10,transverse
section of the furnace showing where the jets strike the tube plate. Figures
11 and 12, modification of the preceding apparatus, consisting in replacing
the tube F by an oval box of malleable cast iron with a blow-off cock, and in
which are pierced holes. Figure 11 is the vertical section of the apparatus,
and Figure 12 its horizontal plan. In the above Figures on Plate 3, A is
the exit of steam from the boiler; B, steam pipe leading to the blower pipe ;
C, escape cock of the apparatus; E, hollow washers placed under the nuts
which fix theapparatus to the boiler, and prevent deterioration and oxidation;
F, steam blower pierced with holes of projection.
(Note. The ciphers 1, 11, 2, 21, 3, 31, 4, 41, 5, 51, 51, in Figures 3, 1, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 show where the jets strike on the tube plate
according to their angles and the degrees of the circle; one or more of these
holes may be stopped if necessary).
Plate 4 shows the smoke-consuming apparatus of a T-form. Figure 1,
front view of smoke-consuming apparatus fixed in the front of the furnace;
Figure 1, longitudinal section of furnace with the apparatus applied.
Figure 2, interior plan of furnace, showing the tube of the blower and the
direction of the projection of steam. Figure 3, transverse section of cock and
pipe for the admission of steam into the apparatus. A, pipe for admission of
steam fixed to one of the cocks of the superheater, and led from the top of
the dome of the boiler, where it is pierced, as is shown in Figure 6 by a
certain number of holes by which the steam enters; B, three-way cock
receiving the steam from the pipe A, and conducting it either to the escape I)
or to the pipe Cof the superheating, blowing, and smoke-consuming apparatus.
Figure 4, horizontal section of the whole apparatus. A, exit of steam;
B, cock for admission of steam (see the details above); C, pipe leading to
the apparatus; D, escape cock serving to empty water out of the pipe A
before admitting the steam into the pipe C (see D, Figure 3); E, E, brass
unions for connecting the pipes A and D on the cock B (see Figures 5 and 6);
F, brass union for fixing the cock B to the tube C by which steam is

page_text: admitted; G, support of the cock B fixed against the boiler by two bolts and
nuts H, flame guards placed below the blowing tube S to protect it from
the direct action of the fire; it is formed of two pieces fixed by bolts under
the frame of the door of the furnace (see Figure 10). S, tube of blower
pierced with holes of projection. Figure 5, front view of three-way cock.
Figure 6, extremity of the syphon for taking steam from the dome of the
boiler. Figure 7.longitudinal and transverse section of the cock B. Figure 8,
view of the plug of the cock with its screws and washers. Figure 8b, socket
of the cock seen in front view with blow-off orifice and branch union.
Figure 9, front view of the blowing tube taken inside the furnace; the lines
1, 2, 3, and 4 show the direction of the projection of steam. Figure 10, plan
and section of the flame guard H. Figures 11 and 11bis, collar placed under
the frame of the furnace to support the tube B by which steam is admitted.
Figure 12, catch for regulating the admission of air by the door of the
furnace. Figure 13, handle of the cock B. Figures 14, 15, and 16, elevation
of the tube plate in the interior of the boiler of a goods, locomotive, or one
for steep gradients. The numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 1¹ 2, 3, 4, 5,
61, 71, 81, 91, 91, indicate with the greatest precision by the centre of small
crosses the exact points at which the jets strike, the inclination of projection
being given by the longitudinal section (Figure 15) and the horizontal plan
(Figure 16). The Figures on the sides of the furnace in clevation show the
height at which the holes of projection are placed; this method of blowing
may be varied according to the form and dimensions of the locomotives by
stopping the holes 2, 21, 3, 31, 4, 4, 7, 71, and 9' if necessary, but this
modification requires great practice in the fixing and working of the smoke
consumer, especially on account of the speed of the machine and the draft of
air between the fire-bars.
(Note. The same holds good for all the other projections in the general
descriptions of the application of my smoke-consuming apparatus).
Plate 5 shows the application of my smoke-consuming apparatus to the
boilers known as Belleville's boilers. Figure 1, front view of the boiler, the
apparatus being fixed. Figure 2, section through the centre of the boiler
showing the vertical directions of the jets. Figure 3, plan of the a
showing the horizontal direction of the same. The ciphers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and
11, 2, 3, 4, 5, of the Figures 2 and 3 indicate the directions in which the
jets of steam are projected into the furnaces.
apparatus
(Note. For the details of the apparatus consult the corresponding letters
of the description relating to fixed steam boilers).
Plate 6, Figure 1, frout view of a horizontal boiler having an interior

page_text: furnace. Figure 2, longitudinal section of same with steam jets. Figure 3.
shows a modification of the steam blowers and of the setting of the smoke
consumers in steam boiler furnaces.
(Note. For the explanation of Figures 1 and 2 of Plate 6, and 1, 2, 3, of
Plate 7, refer to the corresponding letters of the description relating to fixed
boilers except for the letter C which represents a metallic T-joint to join the
steam blower D, D, to the pipe through which steam is taken from the boiler,
and also for the letters D, D, which represent the superheating blower of the
smoke consumer, and for the letters F, F, which mark the escape cocks of the
smoke consumer).
Plate 7 shows the application of my smoke-consuming apparatus to a
vertical boiler with interior furnace. Figure 1, section and elevation of the
boiler, the blower being fixed; Figure 2, plan of the furnace of the boiler;
Figure 3, front view of same. For the angles of projection 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 11, 21, 3, 4, 5, 61, consult Plate 5, Figures 2 and 3.
Plate 8 shows the application of my smoke consumer to a marine boiler.
Figure 1, front view of the body of a boiler with four furnaces and section
following the bent line 1, 2, 3, 4 (Figure 2), showing both the exterior and
interior of the blowing apparatus; Figure 2, section of same following the
bent line 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 (Figure 1), passing by the axis of the furnace
and showing the angles of projection of steam into the interior of the furnace;
Figure 8, modifications of the application of superheaters of smoke consumers
and jets of steam projected into the furnaces of marine boilers.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES AND 2.
A, A, A', A', places in which the steam is taken from the body of the
boiler for the smoke-consuming apparatus. The steam should be taken
through a system of syphon pipes terminated by a rose pierced with long
holes so as to dry and strain the steam as much as possible and these
should be at the top of the boiler. When the boiler has a superheating
tube the cock A', A¹, for taking the steam may be fixed in this tube.
B, superheating tube receiving the steain from A and placed in the smoke
box above the tube plates so as to receive all the heat which comes from
them; on this tube are adjusted the pipes C for distributing the steam to
each furnace. C, pipes distributing the steam to the boilers, and placed in
each smoke box along the water spaces, coming out at one of the lower
angles of the doors and of the tube plates. D, cock to admit the steam to
the furnace. E, tubes conducting the steam along the doors of the furnaces
passing into the ash-pits and communicating with the boxes of the blower

page_text: across the dead plate of the furnace. F, box of the smoke-consuming
blower. The cover of this box is pierced with holes through which the super-
heated steam is blown on to the furnace; suitable holes for cleaning are
provided. G, escape cocks of the apparatus. H, dead plate of the furnace
which supports the blowing apparatus; this plate is pierced by two rectangular
holes for the passage of the admission pipe and the blow-off pipe. L, register
door for regulating the introduction of air into the furnace. M, catch for
regulating the opening of the door. N, handle of the escape cock placed
conveniently for the stoker. P, exit from boiler of steam for the blower in
the chimney. Q, hollow iron ring conducting the steam into the blowers.
R and S, R, nozzles pierced with holes converging to the centre of the
chimney to produce a draft there; S, S, roses placed near the centre and
pierced with conical or cylindrical holes through which steam is projected
towards the sides of the chimney (they unite in a cone).
DETAILS OF THE APPARATUS ARE SHOWN IN PLATE 9.
Figure 1, longitudinal section of the blower pipe A; Figure 2, exterior
view of same. A, rose pierced with long rectangular holes for the introduction
of the steam into the tube B. B, syphon tube conducting the steam to the
cock C. C, cock serving to admit or cut off steam from the apparatus.
D, tube conducting the steam from the cock to C to the smoke box; this bent
tube traverses the top plate of the boiler into which it is screwed, and descends
to the smoke box where it joins the cock E. E, union for the pipe connecting
the inlet pipe A with the superheater B.
Figure 3, front view of the superheater B. Figure 4, exterior view
of same. Figure 5, details of the connections of the Superheater B with
the pipes C for distributing steam into each furnace. A, A, superheating
tube resting on the water spaces; B, union of the the superheater with the
steam pipe E (see Figures 1 and 2); C, washer on the tube; 1), union
of the superheater with the pipes for distributing the steam; E, elbow
bend F, distributing pipes descending along the water spaces serving as
supports to the tube plates and coming out of the smoke box by means of the
elbows G; G, right-angle bends on which are fixed the tubes coming out of
the smoke box; H, union connecting the pipes F and I; I, bent tube coming
out of the smoke box; J, union plate connecting the tube I to the cock D;
K, collar for fixing the superheater to the water spaces (see Figure 3).
Plate 10, Figure 1, view of the side of the blower which is towards the
fire. A, junctions of the box with the supports (Figure 8) serving to admit
steam and for blowing off. B, screw hole to receive the screw which supports

page_text: the box across the top of the furnace. C, holes of projection. D), nuts and
screws serving to fix the cover (Figure 2) on the box of the blower. E, holes
for cleaning the nozzle; these holes are closed by means of plugs.
Figure 2, side view of cover of the box of theblower; C, holes of projection;
D. holes through which the screws puss which fix the cover on the box.
Figure 8, E, E, screw plug having a pin to stop or open the nozzles and to
regulate the escape of steam. Figure 4, screw sockets for joining the hollow
supports (Figure 8) to the blower box. Figure 5, dead plate. A, holes for the
passage of the supports; B, bolt holes for fixing the guard boxes called flame
guards.
Figure 6, screws for fixing the supports (Figure 8) to the dead plate
(Figure 5); Figure 7, hollow washers placed under the screws (Figure 6):
Figure 8, hollow screw bolts for supporting the blower box and also
for admitting and blowing off steam; Figure 9, cock for admitting steam;
Figure 10, blow-off cock; Figure 11, support fixed on the door of the furnace
by means of the rivets C; Figure 12, hinge of catch; Figure 13, guard box
placed in the furnace on the dead plate to protect the supports (Figure 8)
from the flames; Figure 14, Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, screws and bolts for
fixing together the above parts; Figure 15, supports of the dead plate of the
furnace under the gate; Figure 16, blower in the chimney. A, point at
which the steam is admitted into the blower; B, C, D, blower tube terminated
by balls pierced with holes; F, tube connecting the blower tubes. Figure 17,
junction pieces at the ends of the superheater; Figure 18, junction piece of
the superheater fixed in the smoke box with screw joint in the boiler, the
superheating tube A being supported by a washer; Figure 19, washers for
joints of superheating pipes and of steam pipes with bindingscrews; Figure 20,
screen for preventing the flow of exterior air into chimneys and so preventing
them from smoking; Figure 21, 21bis, regulating blowers which may be
applied to the chimneys of all steam boilers to regulate the draft and com-
bustion of the furnace according to the richness of the fuel in hydrocarbons.
In Plate 11 of the Drawings is shown a drilling machine for drilling the
holes of projection in tubes of any diameters.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES 1, 2, 3, 4.
A, tool carrier; B, B, pressure screw with its hand wheel; D, guide of
the shackle; E, E, bevilled toothed wheels increasing five-fold the speed
given by the handle; F, F, frame of drilling machine; G, eye for fixing
the sector O, P, to the frame; H, part of the eye adjusted so as to slide
easily in the sector; J, adjustment on the top of the connecting rod supporting

page_text: the screw K; K, K, right and left hand screws in the jaws of the vice;
L, L, parallel hollow jaws of vice holding the tube to be pierced; 0, P.
sector concentric with the tube to be pierced. This sector is divided into
degrees, the zero point being on the axis of the vice L; S, pointer in the
horizontal axis of the tube for fixing the machine on the axis; U, rigid rod
for fixing the sector O, P, to the vice L.
DESCRIPTION.
L, vice with hollow jaws for holding the tube to be pierced. This
vice is furnished with a right and left hand screw through both of its jaws
and adjusted on a rigid rod U by means of a head J; a bolt placed at the
other extremity of the vice passes through the rod U and the two jaws, and
is furnished with a brass washer; its use is to maintain the parallelism of
the jaws in pressing them towards the support U after having permitted them
to slide to the necessary extent on this support; this varies according to the
diameter of the tube to be pierced. By this means the jaws can be approached
ormade to separate in a parallel direction by turning the screw by means of
a key without changing the direction of the axis of the vice with respect to
that of the tube, and at the same time to obtain an equal and rigid pressure
on the tube whatever be its diameter.
Figures 1 and 2. Iron rod carrying at one extremity the head J in which
is adjusted the screwk and terminated at the other extremity by a sector O, P,
of which the radius is always equal to the distance of its axis from the centre
of the tube held in the vice, and whose circunference is always concentric to
that of the tube. The sector is divided into degrees, the zero point being on
the axis of the vice.
Figures 1 and 2.
Moveable pointer in the longitudinal axis of the vice
and indicating on the tube the axis of the system. By means of a line traced
along the tube in the direction of its axis and by always holding the pointer in
this line any number of holes may be pierced in the tube, according to the angle
indicated in degrees in the Drawing, either above or below the line of axis
corresponding to zero point.
Figures 2 and 4. A, steel tool holder adjusted on the pinion E and
receiving from it a rotary movement about its axis; G, slide adjusted on the
sector O, P, by its square part H sliding in the groove of the sector, and to
which it can be fixed by means of a set screw; F, frame carrying the whole
of the drilling machine. This frame is fixed to the sector O, P, by means of
the slide G to which it is fastened by a nut and bolt; it can thus slide along the
whole length of the sector in such a way that its vertical axis always points in

page_text: the same direction as the radius of the sector, and always passes through the
centre of the tube to be pierced. If necessary it can be turned the other way,
its joint with the slide G being the hinge.
Figure 3. E, pinion fixed on the frame so as to turn freely about itself;
it is furnished with a small key fixed in the interior of its axis sliding in a
groove along the tool carrier A to make the latter take its rotary motion.
E, cog wheel turning the pinion E; the axle of this wheel is adjusted in
the frame F and is terminated by a square carrying the handle, which by its
means gives the motion to the tool carrier and increasing five-fold the original
speed. B, pressure screw acting directly on the tool carrier; it is furnished
with a hand wheel which facilitates its manipulation. C, shackle which
joins the end of the screw B to the head of the tool carrier A and serves to
withdraw the latter. D, iron guide on which slides the shackle C..
DRILLING MACHINE
for boring the projection on the plates of the blowing boxes of the boilers.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES 5, 6, 7.
A, tool carrier provided with pressure srrew and crank handle; B, milled-
headed nut for actuating the pressure screw; C, link uniting the tool carrier
A to a sliding bolt 1) by a hinge joint; D, sliding bolt serving to advance,
draw back, or place obliquely the tool carrier with respect to tho upright F.
This arrangement together with the jointing of the link C permits of setting
the tool carrier at any angle with the column F; E, double slide connecting
the cross slide 1) with the upright F; F, F, upright supporting the machine
and capable of being fixed on the piece to be bored by means of a long slot
formed through its foot, and through which is passed a binding screw.
DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES 8 AND 9.-DETAILS OF TOOL CARRIER.
A, tool carrier furnished with its pressure screw and handle; B, hollow screw
to receive the tool carrier A,and having along its outside agroove which prevents
its turning on the slide D; C, milled nut serving to raise or lower the screw B
in the slide D and carrying the tool carrier A; D, slide in which passes freely the
screw B, and which is furnished with a small fixed key running in the groove
of this screw to prevent its turning. The screw C is adjusted between the
cheeks of the slide. E, E, handle to turn the tool carrier A in the interior
of the screw B; it is fixed to the tool carrier by means of a screw cut on the
latter.
Modification of the preceding machine so as to enable it to pierce nozzles
formed on tubes of any
diameter,

page_text: A, block of hard wood, through which passes a female screw in
metal of the same pitch as that to be cut. This block is adjusted in the
interior of the tube on which is desired to cut the thread by means of keys
working in grooves cut on the block for that purpose; B, B, screw passing
through the block, and on which is fixed the frame carrying the tool; C, C,
brass or steel guides with thumbscrews C to regulate the motion of the tool
carrier according to the diameter of the tube to be operated upon; D, tool
with screw B to regulate the cut; E, E¹, supports of the tool carrier and
guides; they slide on a plate, to which are fixed by means of screws e, e¹,
F,lever with handles serving to turn the whole machine about the tube. The
tool is made to advance by the screw B which turns simultaneously in the
block A. A, screw plate with jointed jaw; B, lower part of the frame;
B, B', handles for turning the screw plate; C, jointed jaw for regulating the
diameter and depth of cut of the screw to be formed; D, washer and bolt for
fixing together the pieces B, B', B, and C, E, moveable jointed piece for
holding by means of the screw F the dies; F, regulating screw; G, screw for
adjusting the jaws C, H, so as to regulate with precision the diameter and
'depth of the screw to be cut; H, extremity of the jaw or vice tapped in the
interior for receiving the thumbscrew G.
(Note. This tool specially employed for cutting screws, bolts, &c., and
cutting threads or tubes of the size and dimensions where precision is
absolutely required).
Plate 12 shews a furnace for puddling and running iron.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES AND 2.
A, A, A', syphon tube and cock for introducing steam into the super-
heater; B, regulating cock of the superheating tube, or of the chamber G
with the second blowing and superheating chamber G; C, second tap
for regulating the introduction of steam into the blower E; D, inlet of
steam into the blower E in connection with the superheating chambers or
tubes G, G; E, lower blower and sucker of the surrounding air below
the grate; F, escape cock for the admission of steam pipes for the tubes
and blowers E, G, G'; G, hermetically jointed superheating chamber;
G', similar chamber to G, with this difference, that the plate which covers
the tubes or the nozzles injecting into the interior of the furnace is regulated
with inlet orifices on the exterior, and orifices for projecting air and steam
into the interior of blast or boiler furnaces in general, which by means of
registers or lap screens are opened or closed at will according to the
high temperatures of the furnaces of the superheating plates of the steam
chambers and of the chambers for injecting air.
Plates and register valves graduated and moveable, serving for introducing
freeair below the superheater G of the blowing chamber G', in order to prevent
oxidation and too rapid a deterioration of the several parts shewn at Figures 3
and 4; these registers can be closed almost completely by means of strips of
iron sliding freely on guides or ribs on the frame plates of the furnaces. H',
section of the openings formed in the plate or in the frame of the furnace; the
same inlet and outlet openings or orifices for free or compressed air are placed
opposite the registers or closing covers in such manner that they may, as
desired, be opened or closed gradually.
Figure 3. General plan of a puddling furnace, shewing the jets of steam
projected from the nozzles and cones of the blowing tube and in the plate, by
which the furnace is surrounded. I, T-iron support of the lower blower,
J surrounding frame of the furnace with details of the union joints.
(Note. For the other letters see corresponding descriptions).
Figure 5. A, A', inlet of vapour into the blower K; B, tube for cleaner
or for conducting steam into the lower blower D; K, K, smoke-consuming
blowers seen in front view, the covering plate G being removed; L, L, tapped
holes to receive plugs placed opposite the projecting nozzles.
Figure 6. (Note.-For the letters A, B, K, L, L, see description given
above of Figure 5.) M, M, nozzles for projecting steam screwed into the
face of the blower tube which is towards the fire. The nozzles are bored

page_text: internally to a cone to facilitate the introduction of a wire, either for cleaning
the orifices or for stopping them up should it be necessary.
In Figure 1, Plate 7, A is the steam inlet; B, cock by which it passes to
the blower; C, bent union for coupling the syphon with the smoke-consuming
apparatus; D, superheater smoke-consuming blower passing through a hollow
stay; E, orifices for projecting superheated steam.
Figure 3. For the letters A, B, C, D, E, the description of Figure No. 1
must be consulted. F, emptying or cleaning cock.
Plate No. 3. A, inlet of steam; B, tap by which it passes into the smoke-
consuming apparatus; F, superheating chamber of the smoke-consuming
blower, with distributing nozzles at the angles desired.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jean Baptiste Pierre Alfred Thierry,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
JN. BTE. PRE. ALFRED THIERRY. (L.B.)