IM- PROVEMENTS IN SPREADING OR APPLYING INDIA-RUBBER OR COMPOSI- SONG OF INDIA PURDER ON FABRICS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Goodyear, of Avenue Road, St. John's
Wood, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN SPREADING OR APPLYING INDIA-RUBBER OR COMPOSI-
SONG OF INDIA PURDER ON FABRICS
"
Sealed the 23rd November 1853, and dated the 15th July 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Goodyear at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 15th July 1853.
I, CHARLES GOODYEAR, of Avenue Road, St. John's Wood, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPREADING OR APPLYING INDIA-RUBBER OR
COMPOSITIONS OF INDIA-RUBBER ON FABRICS" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to spreading india-rubber or compounds of
india-rubber, and is principally applicable to coarse fabrics, the object
being to render it waterproof without impregnating and filling up the in-

page_text: terstices, and consists of passing the fabric with undissolved india-rubber
between two heated rollers unequally spread, by which a thin coat will
adhere to the prominent parts of the surface of the fabric, but will not
fill up the interstices; a very thin sheet of india-rubber or a very thin
fabric of fibrous india-rubber is then caused to adhere by pressure
between rollers.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles Goodyear in the Great Seal Patent
*Office, on the 14th January 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
CHARLES GOODYEAR, of Avenue Road, Saint John's Wood, in the
County of Middlesex, send greeting.
of
WHEREAS Her-most- Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of July, in the year
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in-the-seven-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Charles Goodyear, Her special
licence that I, the said Charles Goodyear, my executors; adminis-
trators, and assigns, for such:others as I, the said Charles Goodyear,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
-use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SPREADING OR APPLYING INDIA-RUBBER OR COMPOSITIONS
OF INDIA-RUBBER ON FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others) that
-I, the said Charles Goodyear, by an instrument in writing under my
.hand and-scal, should particularly describe and ascertain the 'nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and. cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Goodyear, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed; to be particularly described and ascertained:
in and by the following statement thereof (that is to say):
This Invention relates to spreading india-rubber or compounds of
india-rubber, and is principally applicable to coarse fabrics, the object
being to render it waterproof without impregnating and filling up the.
interstices; and consists of passing the fabric with undissolved india-.
rubber between two heated rollers unequally speeded, by which a thin
coat will adhere to the prominent parts of the surface of the fabric, but
will not fill up the interstices; a very thin sheet of india-rubber or a
very thin fabric of fibrous india-rubber is then caused to adhere by.
pressure between rollers:
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed
to describe the manner of performing the same.
.
It is well known that heretofore when spreading india-rubber on to
fabrics it was done by using a solution of india-rubber which was very
fluid; but the more general mode practised of late years has been to.
mix only a certain quantity of solvent with the india-rubber, so as to
allow of the spreading to be accomplished with facility. by moving the'.
fabric under a straight edge or guage. It has also been proposed to
first roll out a sheet of india-rubber, and to cause it to apply itself to
the surface of a fabric by pressure between rollers; each of these'
methods when, applied to thick 'and coarse fabrics causes the weight of
india-rubber necessary to fill up the- inequality of such fabrics to be'
very considerable, and renders the employment of india-rubber to coarse
fabrics too costly for the classes of' uses to which such fabrics are.
applied. My object is so to apply a coating or surface of india-rubber.
to a coarse fabric (such as canvas and others). that the interstices' and
irregular surfaces shall not be filled up, but have a thin film or sheet of
india-rubber or india-rubber compound, adhering only at the more
elevated points of the surface, by which a comparatively small quantity
of india-rubber will be required to obtain a complete waterproof surface
to a coarse fabric; and the improvements in the process of manufacture
consist in so acting on the surface of the fabric to be coated with

page_text: india-rubber that in the first place only the more prominent or
elevated points of the surface shall have india-rubber applied thereto,
and then by applying a sheet of very thin india-rubber or a compound
thereof by pressure the same will adhere at those parts of the surface
where the india-rubber has been previously applied. For this purpose
I employ two heated rollers, the surface of one (the upper one) moving
somewhat faster than the other. The under roller is coated with felt
or vulcanized india-rubber to offer an elastic bed or surface to the
fabric which is being partially coated. The coarse fabric to be coated
is conducted between these rollers, and is moved away by any conve-
nient means; as fast as the rollers by their rotation pass the fabric
between them a quantity of kneaded india-rubber from the kneading
machine is placed on the surface of the fabric, and in the angle between
the rollers, and by reason of the faster surface speed of the upper roller
the india-rubber will be caused to apply itself only at the more elevated
parts of the surface of the fabric, and those parts will be slightly coated
with india-rubber, whilst the indented or more hollow parts of the
surface of the fabric will be uncoated and not filled up. The fabric
thus treated is then to have a complete covering surface applied
thereto of india-rubber or india-rubber compound; for this purpose a
very thin sheet of india-rubber or india-rubber compound is rolled out
between two warmed rollers; but what I prefer to employ is a very
thin sheet of india-rubber fabric made, as has heretofore been practised,
by cementing a fleece of cotton into a fabric, and in order to cause the
thin sheet of india-rubber or india-rubber compound or fabric to adhere
to the coarse prepared fabric they are pressed together between heated.
rollers which have equal surface, by which the points of the surface of
the coarse fabric which are coated with india-rubber will be caused
to adhere to the sheet india-rubber or sheet of its compounds, and thus
produce a regular and waterproof surface, the quantity of india-rubber
being small compared with what would ordinarily be used where the
irregular and undulating surfaces of coarse fabrics are filled up with
india-rubber or india-rubber compounds.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the
imanner of performing the same, I would have it understood that I do

page_text: not confine myself to the details as herein described. But what I claim
is, the mode herein described of manufacturing waterproof fabrics,
where coarse surfaces are to be coated with india-rubber or india-
rubber compounds.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Goodyear, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
rubber compounds.
In witness whercof, I, the said Charles Goodyear, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
Witness,
JNO. COOK,
12, Cursitor Street,
Chancery Lanc.
CHARLES GOODYEAR. (L.s.)