Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 25th May, 1887.
Specification Accepted, 28th June, 1887.
I JAMES HALE SEWALL of Portland, in the State of Maine one of the United
States of America, Mechanic do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to apparatus for heating cars, and has for it object to provide
efficient means for controlling the passage for steam from the main steam pipe
passing from end to end of the train of cars to the circulation pipes placed in
each car.
The controlling means herein shown, consists of a normally operated valve for
independently controlling the passage of steam from the main steam pipe which passes
beneath the car to the circulation pipes within each car, such valve being herein
shown as composed of a valve case having suitable inlet and outlet ports, and two
discs attached to a single valve stem, the said discs when in one position permitting
the steam to pass from the main steam pipe to the circulation pipes, and to return
again to the main steam pipe, and when in the other position permitting the steam
to enter and leave the valve case between the two discs, thereby shutting off com-
munication with the circulating pipes.
Suitable drip pipes are provided for the circulation pipes of each car which are at
all times in communication with the said circulation pipes to allow the water of
condensation to pass out.
An auxiliary reservoir is placed beneath each car into which the two drip passages
lead, said reservoir being composed of an outer shell or case containing a fire-pot of
considerable less dimension to leave sufficient space between the walls of the outer
shell and the fire-pot for a quantity of water, and the said outer shell or water
reservoir is surrounded by a combustion chamber which is connected with the fire-pot
by short pipes passing through the water space.

page_text: Suitable gauge-cocks are provided for determining the quantity of water contained
in the water reservoir, and a steam trap is connected with one of the drip passages at
the desired level with the water contained in the reservoir to automatically remove
water from the reservoir when rising above such desired level.
All water contained in the reservoir may be removed at any time by a suitable
cock.
A suitable coupling is provided for connecting the hose of the several cars which
cannot be uncoupled by any movement except an upward movement.
Figure 1 shews in perspective a suitable arrangement of circulation pipes for
the car together with a portion of the main steam pipe, the controlling valve and
means for operating it, and an auxiliary reservoir supplied with a steam trap located
at a point near the top thereof.
Figure 2 a side elevation of the controlling valve.
Figure 3 a horizontal section of the controlling valve shown in Figure 2, taken on
the dotted line x-x.
Figure 4 a vertical section of the auxiliary reservoir or boiler, said Figure also
showing the controlling valve, drip passages, and steam trap in their relative positions.
Figure 5 a perspective view of one half or section of the coupling.
Figure 6 a top view of the entire coupling.
Figure 7 a vertical section of the steam trap, and
Figures 8 and 9 details to be referred to.
The main steam pipe a extends from end to end of the car and is adapted to be
coupled to the next car or to the locomotive, the said pipe taking its supply either
from the locomotive boiler or from a boiler located at or near one end of the train, as
for instance, in the baggage car, or from any other source.
A controlling valve is located beneath each car of the train and is connected with
the main steam pipe a by short pipes 2, 2, see Figure 4, which permit steam from the
pipe a to enter the valve-case 6 of the controlling valve through the port 3, and to
leave the valve-case returning to the pipe a through the port 4.
The valve-case 6 is also provided with openings 5, 5, 6, 6, at its sides, into or round
which are connected the pipes 9, 9, 10, 10, forming a part of the circulation pipes c,
arranged within the car.
Two discs d, d', are secured to the single valve stem d arranged horizontally
within the valve-case, and which extends through a suitable stuffing-box placed at
one end of the said case, the outer end of the said stem, as d*, having a series of teeth
which are engaged by the teeth of a sector d³ secured to the upright shaft do which
passes upward through the floor of the car, and is provided with a square ond by
which it may be turned to move the valve-stem and its attached discs back and
forth.
The discs d, d', when in one position, as shown in full lines Figure 3, viz. :—the
disc d being between the two ports 3, 4, and the disc d¹ outside of or beyond the
ports 5, 5, permits a free passage for the steam from the main steam pipe through
the ports 3, ports 5, 5, to the circulation pipes returning to the main steam pipe through
the ports 6, 6, and the port 4.
When the discs are in their other position, as shown in dotted lines Figure 3, viz. :-
the disc d being between the port 4 and the ports 6, 6, and the disc d¹ between the
port 3, and the ports 5, 5, the steam from the main steam pipe a enters the valve-case
through the port 3, and passes out or returns to the pipe a through the port 4,
thereby shutting off the steam from the circulating pipes, while in either position of
the discs, the steam will be permitted to pass onward to the next car of the train.
The valve-case is also provided with openings 7, 8, see dotted lines Figure 3, for the
drip-pipes or passages f,f¹, and a stop e projects inwardly from one end of the valve-
case that limits the movement of the discs in one direction to prevent the opening 8
as well as the port 3 from being closed.
An arm 20 is secured to the outside of one end of the valve-case, the outer end of
said arm entering a slot 21, see dotted lines Figure 3, cut in the stem d³, the said
arm 20 serving to limit the engagement of the discs in the opposite direction.

page_text: An auxiliary reservoir or boiler is placed beneath the controlling valve into which
the drip passages f,f, lead, said boiler consisting of a tapered outer shell or case i,
and a fire-pot contained within it of similar shape but of less dimensions, so as to
leave a sufficient water space between the walls of the fire-pot and the outer shell, for
a quantity of water.
The fire-pot is closed at the top and the outer shell is extended upward and
closed at the top to form a reservoir communicating with the fire space and around
the fire-pot which reservoir is intended at all times to be partially filled with water.
Two gauge-cocks ³, ³, are connected with the shell or reservoir above and below
the level of the water contained in the reservoir.
The drip-pipe f, enters the top of the reservoir i, and the drip-pipe f¹ extends down-
ward and enters the lower end of the reservoir i.
The drip-pipe is provided with a steam trap t of any suitable construction, at a
point which it is desired shall be the level of the water contained in the reservoir i so
that any surplus water may be automatically removed.
The drip-pipe fat its lower end is provided with a cock t' which may be employed
when desired to remove the water contained in the reservoir, as for instance in freezing
weather.
A combustion chamber p surrounds the shell i, and the fire-pot is connected with
the combustion chamber by short pipes p' near the top of the fire-pot.
The fuel is received in the fire-pot through the door t².
The smoke from the combustion chamber p passes out through the smoke flue or
pipe p³.
The entire auxiliary boiler thus described may and preferably will be enclosed in a
shell or case 3, see Figure 1, and dotted lines Figure 4.
By constructing the valve which controls the passage of steam from the main steam
pipe to the circulation pipes in the manner herein described a very effectual and much
cheaper valve is obtained.
It is intended that the auxiliary boiler shall at all times be filled with water, either
the accumulated water of condensation from the circulation pipes or water taken from
any other source, so that should the car be detached from its source of supply a fire
may be kindled in the fire-pot of the auxiliary boiler and the drip passages may be
employed to establish communication between the said boiler and the circulation pipes
of the car.
It will thus be seen that the steam from the main steam pipe may pass on from car
to car when the inlet to the circulation pipes is closed, and when said inlet is opened
the steam may also pass on from car to car but through the circulation pipes.
The steam trap consists of a main shell or case 50 which receives in one end of it
the head-piece 51, the said parts being screwed together.
The head-piece 51 is provided with an inlet 52, and the shell with an outlet 53 for
the admission and discharge of water of condensation and steam.
The head-piece has secured to its inner side a frame 54 which enters the shell or
case, the said frame near the head-piece being provided with a cylindrical opening or
chamber 55 into which is placed and in which slides a piston.
The inlet passage 52 communicates with the valve chamber 55. The piston, as
herein shown, is composed of two discs 56, 57, joined together by a tubular stem 58.
The opening or chamber 56 at a point between the two discs of the piston is
provided with an outlet or discharge passage 59, so that water of condensation and
steam passing through the inlet passage 52 and around the stem 58 of the piston, is
discharged through the outlet 59 when the piston is in its rearward position.
The thermostatic device. herein shown as a sealed vessel V, secured to the frame 54
below the chambered portion 55, and filled with any suitable expansive material, has
at its expansible face an ear or projection 60.
The lower end of the frame 54 is provided with an arm 61 secured thereto, to the
end of which at 62 is pivoted the operating lever L, which extended vertically is
connected to the ear 60, and so as to be actuated by the thermostatic device, the upper.

page_text: end of the said operating lever being loosely connected with the piston by a pin 63
passing through the end of the said operating lever L and the ear 64.
When the temperature is sufficiently low the thermostatic vessel is collapsed, as
shown in Figure 7, leaving the piston to allow water of condensation and steam to be
discharged freely, but when steam enters the shell or case the vessel V is expanded to
move the operating lever L and with it the piston, until the disc 56 thereof closes the
discharge passage or orifice 52, thus cutting off the steam as well as the water of
condensation.
The steam being thus cut off, the thermostatic device gradually collapses until the
disc 57 opens the discharge port or orifice 52 and allows the passage of water of
condensation and steam.
The two parts or halves of the hose coupling employed being alike, a detail
description of only one need be made.
Each half of the coupling consists of a body portion 90 having an upwardly turned
neck or extension 91 both of which are bored centrally, as at 92, 93, to form with the
hose or pipe to be coupled, a continuous passage, the two passages herein shown
being extended respectively for steam and water of condensation, yet it is obvious
that one passage alone may be employed.
The body portion 90 is provided at one side with a broad flat extension 94 projecting
forward to overlap one side of the body portion of the companion half, and said
extension 94 has at one edge an over-turned lip or flange 95.
At that side of each half of the coupling, opposite the broad extension 94, a groove
or passage 96 is cut of suitable shape to receive the flange 95, and a shoulder 97 is
also provided which serves as a bearing.
The meeting face of the body portion 90 is provided at its lower end with a rib 98,
extending about one-half of the width of the coupling, and said face is cut away at
the side of the rib 98 to present a deep groove or recess 99 for the remaining
distance, this recess or groove receiving the rib 98 of the companion portion.
The two halves of the coupling being placed opposite to each other, as shown in
Figure 6, it will be seen that the extension 94 of one-half overlaps the opposite side
of the other half, the flange 95 entering the groove 96, and the rib 98 entering a
recess formed in the opposite half correspondingly with the recess 99, while the rib
formed upon said opposite half enters the recess 99.
It will thus be seen that the two halves are firmly locked together and capable of
being disengaged only by moving them upward on the ribs 98, 98, turning in the
grooves 99, 99, which secures as a hinge joint or connection.
The hose or pipe to be coupled is attached to the neck 91 and the coupling locked
together hangs by gravity.
The extension 94, and its flange 95 entering the groove 96 abutt the halves
together preventing any disengagement thereof by downward or lateral movement,
but permitting the said halves to be disengaged by turning them upward on the
hinge joint as above described.
They will thus become disengaged themselves when the cars on which they are
situated become uncoupled.
To ensure a steam or air tight joint at the meeting faces of the portions of the
coupling a suitable rubber or other packing is introduced.
Should the cars be uncoupled by accident, or otherwise, and the hose remain
coupled, as the said cars separate the two halves of the coupling will immediately
separate that no injury can be done.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. In a car heating apparatus, a main steam pipe extending from end to end of the
car, and the circulation pipes located within the car, combined with a valve-case
having inlet and outlet ports communicating with the main steam pipe and circulation
pipes, and discs moving in the valve and co-operating with the ports to direct the

page_text: course of the steam onward to the next car either through the circulation pipes or
not, substantially as described.
2. In a car-heating apparatus, the steam supply pipe and the circulating pipes,
combined with a valve controlling the passage of steam from the supply pipe to the
circulating pipes, said valve consisting of the valve case, the inlet and outlet ports
communicating with the steam supply pipe and the inlet and outlet ports communi-
cating with the circulating pipes, two discs d, d¹, moving simultaneously in the valve
case and co-operating with the ports to control the passage of steam to the next car
direct, or to the next car through the circulating pipes, substantially as described.
3. In a car heating apparatus, the steam supply pipe and the circulating pipes,
combined with a valve controlling the passage of steam from the supply pipe to the
circulating pipes, said valve consisting of the valve case, the inlet and outlet ports
communicating with the steam supply pipe, and the inlet and outlet ports communi-
cating with the circulating pipes, two discs d, d, moving simultaneously in the valve
case and co-operating with the ports to control the passage of steam to the next car.
direct, or to the next car through the circulation pipes, and drip passages in commu-
nication with the circulating pipes, and means for limiting movements of the discs in
one or the other direction, substantially as described.
car,
4. In a car heating apparatus, the main steam pipe passing from end to end of the
and the circulation pipes within the car, and controlling devices for controlling
the passage of steam that it may enter the main circulation pipes, or pass onward
directly through the main steam pipe, and the drip passages for the escape of water
of condensation from the main circulating pipes, combined with an auxiliary
reservoir R to receive the water of condensation, and the controlling cock or outlet
passage for the reservoir R, substantially as described.
5. In a car heating apparatus the steam supply pipe and the circulating pipes,
combined with a valve controlling the passage of steam from the supply pipe to the
circulating pipes, said valve consisting of the valve case b, inlet and outlet ports 3, 4,
communicating with the steam supply pipe, and inlet and outlet ports 5, 5, 6, 6,
communicating with the circulating pipes, two discs d, d', attached to a single valve
stem and moving simultaneously to include between them the inlet port 3 and the
outlet ports 5, 5, or the inlet and outlet ports 3, 4, and the drip passages communicating
with the circulating pipes, substantially as described.
6. In a car heating apparatus, the steam supply pipe and the circulating pipes,
combined with a valve controlling the passage of steam from the supply pipe to the
circulating pipes, said valve consisting of the valve-case b, inlet and outlet ports 3, 4,
communicating with the steam supply pipe, and inlet and outlet ports 5, 5, 6, 6,
communicating with the circulating pipes, two disks d, d', attached to a single
valve stem and moving simultaneously to include between them the inlet port 3
and the outlet ports 5, 5, or the inlet and outlet ports 3, 4, the drip passages
communicating with the circulating pipes, and the plug or stop and arm as for limiting
the movement of the discs in one and the other direction, and means substantially as
described, operable from within the car for moving the discs, substantially as
described.
7. In an apparatus for heating cars, the main steam pipe, steam cylinder with which
the main steam pipe is connected, and the circulating pipes leading from the steam
cylinder, combined with the auxiliary boiler or reservoir comprising an outer shell or
casing & and the fire-pot 6 placed within it to leave a space of sufficient size to permit
the water to circulate freely around it, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
8. In a car heating apparatus, the steam supply pipe and circulating pipes, and the
controlling valve for controlling the passage of steam to the next car direct or through
the circulating pipes and thence to the next car, and the drip passages for conveying
the water of condensation from the circulating pipes, combined with the auxiliary
boiler composed of the outer shell or water reservoir into which drip passages lead, the

page_text: fire-pot contained within the outer shell or reservoir, and the combustion chamber
surrounding the said shell or case, and the steam trap connected with one of the drip
passages at a point intended for the water reservoir, substantially as described.
9. In a car heating apparatus, the steam supply pipe and the circulating pipes,
combined with a valve controlling the passage of steam from the supply pipe to the
circulating pipes, said valve consisting of the valve case, the inlet and outlet ports
cominunicating with the steam supply pipe, and the inlet and outlet ports com-
municating with the circulating pipes, two discs d, d¹, moving simultaneously in the
valve case and co-operating with the ports to control the passage of steam to the next
car direct, or to the next car through the circulating pipes, the two gauge-cocks,
and the cock t', connected with one of the drip passages for emptying the water
reservoir, substantially as described.
'
10. The boiler or reservoir consisting of the outer shell or water reservoir b
gradually increasing in diameter from the base to the top thereof, and the combustion
chamber 6 surrounding the said water reservoir, combined with the fire-pot 6', closed
at the top and of similar shape but of lesser dimensions, than the resevoir b and
contained in said reservoir, and the pipes 6 connecting the fire-pot with the combustion
chamber, substantially as described.
11. In a steam trap, the shell or case having suitable inlets and outlets, the frame 54
placed within the shell or case, said frame having an opening at its upper end which
communicates with the inlet and also with the interior of the shell or case, combined
with a piston moving in the said opening at the upper end of the frame 54, the lever
for moving said piston, and the thermostatic device sensitive to changes in the
temperature for moving the lever to close the inlet during high temperature substantially
as described.
12. In a steam trap, the shell or case having a suitable inlet and outlet passage, the
frame 5 placed within the shell or case, said frame having an opening at its upper
end in communication both with the inlet and also with the interior of the shell or case,
as at c, combined with a piston moving in said opening, a lever for moving the piston,
and a thermostatic device sensitive to the changes in the temperature located adjacent
to the inlet passage for moving the lever, whereby the said piston may be moved to
open the inlet in low temperature and to close the inlet in high temperature,
substantially as described.
13. In a steam trap, the shell or case composed of the shell 50 and cover 51 having
a suitable inlet and outlet, combined with the frame 54, the piston moving in an
opening in said frame, and a lever for moving the piston, and a thermostatic device for
moving the lever, all supported by the cover 51, so that the device may be readily put
together and taken apart, all substantially as described.
14. A two part hose coupling, composed of like halves or portions, each half
consisting of a body portion 90 having a suitable passage therethrough, a broad
extension 94, locking flange 95, shaped as described and located at one side of the
body portion, a groove or passage 96 shaped as described upon the other side of the
body portion, and a joint connection at the lower side of the meeting face of the body
portion 90 upon which the two halves may be turned to disengage them one from the
other, substantially as described.
15. In a two part hose coupling composed of like halves or portions, each of which
has a free and unobstructed passage through it directly from end to end, which
passages co-operate together to form a longitudinal unobstructed passage directly
through the hose coupling, combined with locking devices, as described, upon each side
to lock the said halves or portions together, as set forth.
16. A hose coupling consisting of two like parts each of which has a body portion A
with an upturned end and a broad extension located at one side of the said body
portion and provided with an overhanging flange a¹ at its upper part, the said body
portion having in its side opposite the said extension a groove b of the same form as

page_text: the said flange and the face of the body A having at its lower side a bearing portion to
form a joint, whereby, when the two parts of the coupling are together and are
suspended by their ends they are locked against lateral displacement and their abutting
faces are held together by gravity but are adapted to be separated by a longitudinal
strain which moves the central portion of the coupling upward, substantially as set
forth.
17. A two part hose coupling composed of two like halves with abutting faces,
suitable passages and upturned outer ends, the two parts of the coupling having at the
lower portions of the said faces a joint connection, and each of the said halves having
on one side an extension provided with an overhanging flange and in its opposite side
an undercut groove corresponding in form to the said flange; whereby, when the
coupling hangs by gravity the abutting faces will be pressed together and lateral
displacement prevented, but when a lengthwise strain is applied the coupling will be
separated, substantially as set forth.