IMPROVEMENTS IN BAKERS OVENS AND OVENS TO BE USED FOR OTHER " PURPOSES
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Andrews Gilson and William Joseph Booer of
180 Union Street Southwark in the County of Surrey for an Invention of
IMPROVEMENTS IN BAKERS OVENS AND OVENS TO BE USED FOR OTHER
"
PURPOSES
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Andrews Gilson and
William Joseph Booer at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
13th July 1883.
ROBERT ANDREWS GILSON and WILLIAM JOSEPH BOOER of 180 Union Street
Southwark in the County of Surrey "IMPROVEMENTS IN BAKER'S OVENS AND
OVENS TO BE USED FOR OTHER PURPOSES
"
The object of the invention is first to heat existing bakers ovens by the
combustion of gas and to so render them smokeless.
For this purpose we remove the present furnace bars and other portions of the
present furnace as may be in the way we also preferably take out the floor of
the oven.
We insert pipes into the foundation for introducing air below the floor of the
oven to ensure complete combustion.
On to the foundation we place a covering of fire brick leaving open the ends of
the air pipes. Above this we form three or other number of low vertical walls
radiating from the furnace hole which is usually at one corner of the front of the
oven.
Above the top of these walls or partitions we form the floor of the oven preferably
of fire clay quarries half lapped.
At the furnace hole we fix a series of gas burners radiating from the corner of
the oven and entering or coming opposite to the ends of the radiating flues below
the floor. The burners are each provided with a regulating tap and are supplied
with gas from a main gas pipe. The floor of the oven does not come quite up to
the side walls which are opposite to the furnace hole. The products of combustion
rise up through the space between the floor and these walls and enters the body of
the oven.
Just below the roof of the oven we introduce a similar series of radial burners.
Pies C

page_text: The products of combustion of both sets of burners pass off from the oven
through the usual exit flue.
In this way both the floor and roof of the oven are heated and the heating of
either of them controlled by the opening or closing of the cocks on either set of
burners.
The burners we use are Bunsen burners in which a mixed stream of air and gas
issues from the end of a tube and is ignited as it leaves the tube. The burners are
set horizontally so as for the lower set of burners to direct the issuing streams of
gas into the horizontal flues below the floor and for the upper set of burners to
direct them along the underside of the roof., The number of burners used may be
varied according to the size of the oven.
K!
All of the burners below the floor of the oven need not be at the furnace hole
but some of them may be elongated and made to extend inwards into the radial
flues to any desired extent-small perforations may be formed at intervals along
the tubes of such elongated burners through which a small quantity of gas and air
may be allowed to pass to produce a row of small flames along the exterior of the
burner and thereby facilitate the lighting of the stream of air and gas issuing from
the end of the burner.
Regulating dampers are applied to the door or floor of the furnace to control the
admission of air to the burners.
Ovens constructed in the manner above described may not only be used as
bakers ovens but also as ovens for annealing, glass and for a variety of other
· Durposes.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said. Robert Andrews Gilson and William Joseph Booer in the Patent
Office on the 12th January 1884.
ROBERT ANDREWS GILSON and WILLIAM JOSEPH BOOER of 180 Union Street
Southwark in the County of Surrey "IMPROVEMENTS IN BAKERS OVENS AND
OVENS TO BE USED FOR OTHER PURPOSES "
The object of the invention is to heat ovens by the combustion of gas and this
we do in such a manner that existing bakers ovens can readily be altered so as to
be heated on our system.
.
In existing bakers ovens the furnace hole is at one corner of the front of the
oven.
We remove the furnace bars, and the entrance into the oven through the old
furnace hole we close up by a wall placed diagonally across the corner.
We pass
through this wall a series of pipes through which we convey mixed streams of gas;
and air into the oven to be there ignited. We set these burner tubes so that
they radiate from the corner and thereby distribute the gases over the interior of
the oven.
In some cases we form the oven with a raised false bottom. In this case one
row of radial burners may be directed below the roof and another or others into
the space below the raised false bottom. The false bottom in this case is upheld
by three or more low vertical walls which radiate from the corner of the oven and
the gas jets are directed into the spaces or flues between these walls.
The false bottom is made not to extend completely to all sides of the oven-a
space is left. between them up through which the products of combustion may rise
to pass to the chimney outlet which is situated at the opposite corner of the front
of the oven to that at which the burners are situated.
In place of having one row of burners just below the roof and the other below"
the false bottom both sets of burners may be placed below the roof.
In this case,
we set the front or inner ends of both sets in a line with one another and their
outer ends one below the other so that the inner ends of the burners may be placed
close up to one another and one continuous sheet of flame be directed from them
into the oven.
}
We also provide air openings into the oven both above and below the row of
burners.
The amount of air which becomes mixed with the gas in its passage through
the burner tubes is not sufficient to permit of very ready or complete combustion
unless a further supply of air be admixed with it-the mixture of gas and air,
passing through the burner tubes does not therefore readily ignite and the flame
does not blow back to the nozzle from which the gas issues from the gas pipe
but when the mixed stream of gas and air issues into the oven and a further
supply of air gets access to it (both above and below) very perfect and complete
combustion is ensured.
1
When the burners are all so placed just below the roof the false bottom may be
done away with and the products of combustion may be conveyed away from the
back of the oven through a flue leading from the back of the oven to the chimney.
at the front. The products of combustion may be allowed to enter the flue
through numerous perforations formed in it at distances apart. The air inlet
into the outer or rear ends of the burner tubes we form on their under side,
only which prevents dirt from being deposited on the gas nozzle or from getting.
lodged in the burner tube and therefore makes such burners more certain in their
action,

page_text: Figure 1 is a front view of an ordinary bakers oven-Figures 2 and 3 are
horizontal sections of the same when adapted to be heated by gas in the ways above
described. Figure 2 shews the construction when the oven is provided with a
false bottom and Figure 3 when the oven is provided with no false bottom and all
the burners are placed just below the roof.
Figure 4 is a cross section of Figure 2-Figure 5 is a cross section of. Figure 3
and Figure 6.a vertical section of the same on a larger scale.
Figure 7 is a plan view of one row of the burners used in Figures 2 and 3.
Figure 8 is a cross section of the two rows of burners used in Figure 6.
In these figures A is the interior of the oven, B'is the oven door-C is the door
by which the old furnace hole could be closed at the front. D is the door by
which the opening at the front of the old ash pit-could be closed. E is a door for
closing an opening at the front of a hot closet which is very commonly provided
below the bottom of the oven. F is a wall by which the opening into the oven
through the old furnace hole is now to be closed.
In Figures 2 and 4 G is a false bottom carried on low walls H which radiate as
shewn from the corner of the oven. G* is a space left between this false bottom
and two sides of the oven for the products of combustion from the bottom row of
burners to rise up through. I is an opening in the roof (shewn by dotted lines in
Figure 2) by which the products of combustion pass from the oven to the chimney.
One row of burners such as hereinafter described is to be placed just below the
roof as described with reference to Figures 3 and 6 and another row just below the
false bottom. K are air passages by which air may be admitted below the false
bottom. Provision may also be made for admitting air to the oven above the
upper row of burners in the manner hereinafter described with reference to
Figure 6 or it might in the same way be admitted both above and below this row
of burners.
In Figures 3 and 5 both sets of burners are placed just below the roof of the
oven the inner ends of both sets of burner tubes are in the same plane whilst the
outer ends of one set are at a higher level than the outer ends of the other set.
This permits of the inner ends of the several burner tubes being set close up the
one to the other so as to produce one compact sheet of flame to the upper and under
surfaces of which there is free access of air entering by the opening L which is
above the burners and by the air passage K which is below them. Preferably we
cover this air passage at the top with a perforated tile.
The outlet flue I is made to pass along one side and the back of the oven as
shown and at the back of the oven numerous openings 11 are formed through the
top of the flue by which the products of combustion may pass into the flue from
the oven.
The outlet flue or chimney is provided with a damper M by which it may be
closed as is usual after the oven has been heated and by which also the chimney
draft can be regulated. The opening Land the air passage leading to the perforated
brick or tile K are also fitted with dampers by which they may be closed after the
oven has been heated.
:
The way in which we form the burners themselves is shewn half size at
Figures 7 and 8. Each burner is composed of a tube N which is large in diameter
as compared with the tubes which have usually been used in this class of burner.
The outer end of each tube is by means of a socket' which is, screwed on to its
exterior coupled to a short nozzle, which projects out from an enlarged chamber
or bulb P. A free passage of the full internal diameter of the tube is in this way
provided between the tube and the bulb. The lower part of the bulb is cut away
so as to admit air to the bulb whilst the top of the bulb serves as a shield to
prevent dust or dirt of any kind from dropping down on to the gas nozzle Q
this gas nozzle is screwed into the outer end of the bulb. The several gas nozzles
of each row of burners are screwed at distances apart from one another into a short
length of gas pipe R in the manner shewn at Figure 7. The two rows of burners
each formed in the above manner are placed one above the other and are-clamped.
3 9 1
vi

page_text: together as shewn at Figure 8-the inner ends of the burner tubes of the lower
row of burners are brought into a line with the inner ends of the burner tubes of
the upper row and these ends of the tubes are clamped between two bars drawn
towards one another by screw bolts N*. Gas is supplied to the pipes R of both
rows of burners from a main gas pipe S provided with a cock as shewn at Figure 6.
We prefer that this cock should be inside of the space which is closed in by the
doors C and D. We retain these doors in order that the oven may the better be
closed in after it has been heated and we place the tap on the inside so that it may
not be meddled with.
To light the burners it is necessary to use a long taper or torch. We therefore
provide a small branch nozzle T on the gas pipe outside the oven on to which we
secure a length of flexible tubing carrying a gas burner at its end to serve as a
torch for lighting the burners. This is advantageous as the man in charge of the
oven has to light this torch before he can light the gas burners in the oven-he
therefore lights the torch before he turns on the gas to these oven burners so
ensuring that he shall have a light ready to at once light the oven burners the
moment that gas is turned on to them and thereby avoiding all risk of explosion
at the time of lighting the gas.
The taper for lighting the oven burners is introduced into the oven through the
oven door and before lighting the burners both the air dampers and the chimney
damper should be opened.
Having thus described the nature of our invention and the manner of performing
the same we would have it understood that we claim as our improvements in
bakers ovens and other ovens.
First The employment of two rows of burner tubes introduced through the
oven wall at one of the front corners of the oven below the roof with the tubes in.
each row diverging radially from one another and with the inner ends of the two
rows of tubes brought into a line with one another in combination with an air
opening into the oven above and below this row of burners and in combination
with outlets at the back of the oven into an outlet flue or flues for the products of
combustion to pass away substantially as herein before described,
Second The employment of a row or rows of burner tubes introduced through
the oven wall at one of the front corners of the oven below the roof in combination
with a row of gas burners placed below a false bottom provided in the oven
substantially as herein before described with reference to Figures 2 and 4.
Third The construction of bakers and other ovens substantially as herein before
described with reference to Figures 3. 5 and 6
Fourth-The construction of oven gas burner apparatus substantially as herein
before described with reference to Figures 7 and 8.
In witness whereof I the said William Joseph Booer have hereunto set my
hand and seal this eleventh day of January in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty four.
WJ BOOEK (L.S.)