matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING MULES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Nelson and James Heap
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 6th January 1864.
We, HENRY NELSON, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Machine Maker, and JAMES HEAP, of the same Place, Overlooker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SELF-ACTING MULES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the cam shaft of the mule, and consists in an
improved mode of working it by a weight instead of friction or gearing. On
the cam shaft we place a loose drum having at one end a flanch on which is
jointed a number of catches or ratchets. On the outside of the flanch there is
a ratchet wheel fixed to the cam shaft, the said wheel being so placed that
the catches or ratchets work in its teeth. The loose drum is provided
with a chain and weight, and the chain is
coiled round the drum and
the weight raised when the carriage is coming out by a chain attached
to the drum and the carriage so that it may be ready to make the
changes when required; thus when a change has to be made the weight
turns the drum and flanch, and the catches or ratchets in the teeth of the
ratchet wheel turn the said wheel and cam shaft to which it is fixed.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF AXLES AND AXLE BOXES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ferdinando Swift at. the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th August
1864.
I, FERDINANDO SWIFT, of Manchester Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF AXLES AND AXLE BOXES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in certain improvements upon an Invention for
which Letters Patent were granted to me on the 1st January 1856, No. 2,
and are as follows:-
In constructing axles according to my present Invention, I form a frame,
by preference of metal, for the sake of lightness, but it may be of wood,
extending across the under side of the carriage, of in section an inverted П, П,
circular, or other convenient shape. At or about the centre of this frame,
and midway between the wheels, I place an axle box constructed as hereafter
described. Each wheel has its separate and distinct axle, which I prefer to
make somewhat conical or tapering, that is, smaller near the centre than at
the wheel end. Each axle is supported and is free to revolve in the box
before mentioned, and the outer ends pass through brasses or bearings, outside
which the wheels are keyed; or the spokes of the wheel are inserted in lumps
formed on the end of the axles. Hence it will be seen that each wheel
revolves with its axle, which being supported at both ends, as before described,
renders the motion of each wheel steady without the possibility of any shaking,
or the wheel becoming loose. When the axles, constructed as before described,
are applied to railway carriages, the axles traverse a tubular frame, and each

page_text: wheel being fitted to a separate and distinct axle great facility is afforded for
passing round curves. The central axle box is formed in two parts with two
sockets or receptacles to receive an enlarged portion or lump formed on the
inner end of each of the axles. To insert the axles in the box one half of the
box is removed, and the enlarged portion of the axles are laid in the re-
ceptacles formed therein, the second half of the box is then laid on the first,
and over the axles, and a plato is laid on it, and secured to the frame by nuts.
The nuts are prevented from moving by a second plate inserted between the
nuts, and which it partially embraces, the second plate being secured to the
first by screws. The plate, which partially embraces the nuts after being
removed, acts as a key for removing the nuts. Plates similar to those just
described are also employed for securing the outer boxes of the axles.
Lubricating apertures or receptacles are provided in the frame over the axle
boxes, the said apertures or receptacles being closed by slides, or otherwise,
after the oil or other lubricating material has been introduced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SUGAR FUNNELS OR MOULDS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Jones at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
March 1864. A communication from abroad by Simon Labayen, of
Matanzas, Cuba.
I, DAVID JONES, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SUGAR FUNNELS OR MOULDS," to be as follows:-
Sugar funnels or moulds consist of hollow cones of sheet iron open at top
and bottom, and the said Invention consists in strengthening the said sugar
funnels or sugar moulds in the following manner:-Around the wider end of
the sugar funnel or mould, and immediately above the ordinary turned-over
edge, in which a ring is inserted, a hoop is fixed by rivetting. It is preferred
to make the said hoop of a strip of iron, the edges of which are bent into a
trough-like figure, the said strip being bent into a hoop having the concave
sides of the trough-like edges in the inside of the ring. Although a hoop of
the kind described gives great strength, with an appearance of lightness, yet
the figure of the hoop may be varied without departing from the nature of the
said Invention. The narrow end of the mould may also be protected and
strengthened by a hoop similar to the hoop herein-before described.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN COMPASSES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Arthur at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th March
1864.
I, WILLIAM ARTHUR, of Atherington, in the County of Devon, Commander
in the Royal Navy, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN COMPASSES," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to make a compass register the courses
steered by a vessel during any given period. For this purpose I suspend a
cylinder on a needle or axis at both ends from the deck by cup-and-ball
columns and gimbals. The cylinder has three or more magnetized needles
passed through the shaft to which it is secured. I make a pencil descend by
clockwork, and register on a piece of paper wrapped round the cylinder the
courses steered.
My Invention will be fully understood by reference to the accompanying
Drawings, and the following description thereof.
Figure 1 is a plan of the compass; Figure 2 an elevation of the same, with
the cylinder thereof in section; and Figure 3 is another elevation from a
different point of view.
A is the cylinder, which is set vertically, as shown; B is a shaft or axis
passing through the cylinder, which is secured thereto; this shaft carries a
series of magnets C, C. A sheet of paper is wrapped round the cylinder A,
and is secured thereto in the manner shewn at Figure 4, or otherwise; this
sheet of paper is marked with division lines, the distance of which from each

page_text: other is regulated according to the speed at which the pencil is caused to
travel; D is the pencil, the speed at which it travels is determined by clock-
work contained in a box or case E. The pencil is held in a socket F in a
frame G, and is caused to strike against or come in contact with the paper on
the cylinder A at regular intervals by the projections on a ribbed roller H
(which is made to revolve by the clockwork) coming against a projection on
one end of an arm J forming part of the frame G; at other times the pencil
is kept from contact with the paper by a spring K. The frame carrying the
pencil is mounted on a threaded rod L, caused to rotate by the clockwork,
whereby the pencil is made to descend gradually from top to bottom of the
cylinder. Instead of being mounted on the rod L the pencil may be secured
to a band passing over rollers, one of which is caused to rotate by the
clockwork.
A DOUBLE-ACTION LOCK FOR TRAVELLING BAGS AND EVERY OTHER DESCRIPTION OF BAG
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Bingham at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th February
1864.
I, EDWARD BINGHAM, 176, Goswell St., St., Travelling Bag Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A DOUBLE-ACTION
LOCK FOR TRAVELLING BAGS AND EVERY OTHER DESCRIPTION OF BAG," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is that it shall not break the nail of the person
opening the bag. By pressing slightly on the nosel the bag will open.
Connected to the nosel is a catch or pin, which presses upon the bolt and
opens the bag. By a slight pressure on the nosel A it acts on the hinge B,.
and forces it inwards on the catch C, forces down the bolt D, which acts on
the spring E, and opens the lock. The link F presses down the bolt D, which
acts upon the spring E, and forces it down, when it rebounds and catches in
the link F, and fastens the bag. For additional security you throw the bolt G
by the key H, which acts upon the spring I, which catches in the link F, and
fastens the bag, so that it is impossible to open the bag by pressing on the
nosel A.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN SUPPORTING AND INSULATING OVERGROUND TELEGRAPH WIRES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis John Crossley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
October 1864.
I, LOUIS JOHN CROSSLEY, of Halifax; in the County of York, Carpet
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " IM-
PROVEMENTS IN SUPPORTING AND INSULATING OVERGROUND TELEGRAPH WIRES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to means of supporting and insulating overground
telegraph wires, and the improvements consist in a peculiar form or forms of
construction and mode of fixing insulators so as to render insulation more
perfect.
The two accompanying Sheets of outline Drawings represent in section the
forms I propose to adopt, and which may be constructed of earthenware or
other suitable non-conducting material. Figs. 1 and 2 are supporting arms
and insulators combined, intended to be made of earthenware and bolted to
the posts. To give strength iron or other strengthening material may be
embedded in the manufacture thereof. Figs. 3 and 4 are insulators. to be
fixed by bolts to the supports. Figs. 5 and 6 are insulators, technically
known as "shackles ;" the former is intended to be used as a terminal insulator,
and the latter to be used where it is desired that the continuity of the line
should be broken for the purpose of placing a station.
AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR FINISHING OR RENOVATING SILK, SATIN, STUFF, WOOLLEN CLOTH, SILK, BEAVER, OR FELT HATS, COTTON AND OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Johnson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th October
1864.
I, JAMES JOHNSON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Surgeon,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
COMPOSITION FOR FINISHING OR RENOVATING SILK, SATIN, STUFF, WOOLLEN CLOTH,
SILK, BEAVER, OR FELT HATS, COTTON AND OTHER FABRICS," to be as follows:-
I powder and mix together in the following proportions, benzoin, one
pound; carbon, balf a pound; mastiche, thus, sambul and styrac, of each two
These several substances
ounces; and black oxide of manganese, one ounce.
compounded together, and rubbed or brushed on, or otherwise applied to silk,
satin, stuff, woollen cloth, silk, beaver, or felt hats, cotton and other fabrics,
gives an excellent finish and renovating appearance to such articles.
AN IMPROVED PICKER BAND USED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Maynes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
December 1864.
I, WILLIAM MAYNES, of Levenshulme, near Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED PICKER BAND USED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
I make the picker band of iron, steel, or other suitable metal, thus making
it a metallic picker band, and attach one end of it to the picker and the other
to the picking peg by means of a pin or other suitable contrivance, so that
each end will act as a swivel, and in working the picker will have a loose
motion, giving and taking a little, so as to compensate for the rigidity of the
metal and accommodate itself to the flexibility of leather or similar material.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS TO BE SPUN
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hardacre at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th June
1864.
I, JAMES HARDACRE, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS
MATERIALS TO BE SPUN," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the carding engine, and consists, first, of applying
over each feed roller a partially circular shield with a trough or receiver at its
back part; the said shield is for the purpose of confining the draught or
current of air caused by the revolving motion of the cylinder, and passing
through the rollers and feeders, thus causing the air to force whatever dirt or
refuse escapes from the cotton or material into the trough opposite to it,
instead of allowing the dirt or refuse to fall back and mix with the material
which has passed the carding process. These shields form a cover for the
cylinder instead of the ordinary casing, though the cover does not completely
cover the cylinder, but leaves a small space between each shield and each
trough sufficient to allow the draught of air to act on the dirt or refuse, and
force it into the trough.
Secondly, in fixing the doffer knife to a spring, so that the spring in con-
nection with an eccentric shall always act upon the knife and keep it at a
proper tension or pressure to the doffer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING THE CONTENTS OF VATE OR TANKS AND OTHER RECEPTACLES IN STEEPING FLAX AND HEMP
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Firmin and Cornelius
Firmin at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 21st March 1864.
We, GEORGE FIRMIN and CORNELIUS FIRMIN, both of Henley Rettory, near
Ipswich, in the County of Suffolk, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING THE CONTENTS OF VATE OR
TANKS AND OTHER RECEPTACLES IN STEEPING FLAX AND HEMP," to be as follows:-
In steeping flax and hemp it has hitherto been usual to heat the contents of
the vats or tanks in which it is deposited by steam from any suitable boiler.
Now, according to our Invention we carry iron pipes through the vats and
place them in connection with the boiler furnace, and cause the hot air and
smoke from the furnace to be transmitted through such pipes in its passage to
the chimney; this may either.be performed by the draught of the chimney or by
apparatus for exhausting or blowing. By this means great saving of steam is
effected, which may be otherwise profitably employed as a driving power, or for
other purposes, while the products of combustion from the furnace are used to
heat the contents of the vats or tanks as described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd February 1864.-A communication from abroad by Mathias André
Pelletier, of Rive de Gier, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to substitute for the materials ordinarily
employed in the manufacture of glass natural or artificial materials, which
will produce glass of as fine a quality at a great reduction in cost. The
Invention is mainly based on manufacturing glass by a mixture of silica,
baryta, felspar, and carbonate of lime, and dispensing with the artificial or
natural fluxes usually employed. Instead of baryta, sulphate or carbonate of
strontian may be used, but I prefer baryta on account of its cheapness and
the certainty of its always producing equal results; by baryta I mean natural
or artificial sulphate or carbonate. In addition to dispensing with fluxes in
this Invention, sand, which is the least expensive ingredient of ordinary glass
compositions, forms in this Invention the most expensive item.
To obtain the results above mentioned it is indispensable to employ the
baryta and felspar simultaneously, for it is found that when these two
substances are used separately they give unsatisfactory results. It was only
after having ascertained that baryta mixed with ordinary compositions and
felspar, employed in the same conditions, produced unsatisfactory and injurious
results, that the Inventor discovered that by the union of these two substances

page_text: an important and satisfactory result is obtained. This is the important feature
of the Invention, which, as before stated, is mainly based on the entire
suppression of the fluxes ordinarily employed, and on the simultaneous
employment of natural or artificial sulphates and carbonates of baryta and
silicates of alumina and potass (KO, Sio³,) (A1203, 3Si0) and silicates of
alumina and soda (Na0, Si0³) (A1203, Sio³) denominated in mineralogy under
the term "felspar."
In this Invention the means now employed by glass makers are retained
and improved, and by the employment of the following composition I obtain
a glass of very fine quality, white and easily worked; the composition is
formed of,-
85 parts of sand;
90
"
"
pounded felspar (natural state),
90
pounded baryta (natural state),
carbonate of lime,
"
"
65
"
"
2
"
"
charcoal.
This composition, which may be styled the base of the Invention, is applicable
to all kinds of glass whatever be the form imparted to it, or the use to which
it is applied. The above proportions may be modified and the usual materials
for producing colored crystal and other glass may be added.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELS FOR LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES, CARRIAGES TO BE USED ON RAILWAYS, AND SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Smith, at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd January
1864.
I, GEORGE SMITH, the younger, of 230, King's Road, Chelsea, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELS FOR LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES,
CARRIAGES TO BE USED ON RAILWAYS, AND SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has reference to a peculiar construction of wheels to be
used on railways, or employed for other purposes, whereby elasticity, both
vertically and laterally, is imparted to such wheels, whilst in the case of railway
wheels provision is afforded for the independent rotation of the wheels round
their axles when traversing curves or crossings.
According to this Invention the main or body portion of the wheel is com-
posed of radial or disc plates, the outer edges of which are fitted into annular
grooves or recesses in the inside of the rim or tyre, whilst their inner edges,
or those nearest the centre, fit on to a metal collar or ring, the inner face of
which is slightly rounded or made convex, and fits over an elastic steel hoop or
ring which rests or fits upon a metal boss keyed on to the axle or carrying shaft
of the wheel. The circumference of this boss is made slightly concave to allow
of the springing of the steel hoop thereon, which is in contact with the two

page_text: ends of the boss only. To each end of the boss is bolted a dished plate having
its convex side outwards and the peripheries of these plates bear against the
faces of the radial or disc plates above referred to.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING, FIXING, AND MORDANTING CLOTH AND YARNS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Kenyon at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th October
1864.
I, THOMAS KENYON, the younger, of Miles Platting, Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING, FIXING, AND MORDANTING
CLOTH AND YARNS," to be as follows:-
I combine prussiates, phosphates, and all kinds of animal matter with
alumina, stannate, tin solutions, or other suitable metals, dissolved in alkalies
or acids, or I use the animal matter or matters separate if found desirable.
I also use anatto for bottoming the cloth for indigo and Prussian blue colors.
The proportions I prefer are about fifteen per cent. of animal matter to about
twenty-five per cent. of the alumina, stannate, tin solution, or other suitable
metals. The proportions of anatto to be varied according to the degrees of
color required.
A NEW COMPOSITION FOR PREVENTING AND REMOVING INCRUSTATION IN STEAM AND OTHER BOILERS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Timothy Şims and John
Pendley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 24th June 1864.
We, GEORGE TIMOTHY SIMS, of 213, High Street, Shadwell, Ship Chandler,
and JOHN PENDLEY, of 20, Dean Street, Shadwell, Engineer, both in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW COMPOSITION FOR PREVENTING AND REMOVING INCRUSTATION IN STEAM
AND OTHER BOILERS," to be as follows:-
The composition consists of powdered charcoal, common soda, and alum,
which may be combined in about equal parts, and we then add to these
matters wood dust, and mix the whole together.
Composition thus obtained, when placed in a steam or other boiler will have
the effect of removing incrustation that may have formed therein, or in a
clean boiler it will prevent its formation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Okey at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th November
1864.
I, JAMES OKEY, of Stroud, in the County of Gloucester, Shoe Maker, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOTS
AND SHOES," to be as follows:-
My Invention of "Improvements in Boots and Shoes" relates to that
description of boot and shoe in which a gusset of elastic web is let into the
side of the boot or shoe in order to give sufficient elasticity and ease. The
object of my Invention is to protect such elastic gussets from being worn
away so rapidly as is now the case, owing to their being perfectly unprotected.
To this end the gusset is covered by an overlapping piece of leather or other
material, which is kept in its place by means of two, three, or more elastic
straps which are attached to it, and pass round either the back or front of the
foot between pieces of leather or other material placed inside the boot or shoe
for the purpose. It will thus be understood that the gusset is not only
protected from undue friction, but that the elastic bands or straps divide the
strain, and therefore preserve the gusset longer than heretofore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COUNTING COINS OF MONEY AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES, AND INDICATING THE NUMBER THEREOF
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacob Schneuhr at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
September 1864.
I, JACOB SCHNEUHR, of Saint Petersburg, in the Empire of Russia, but now
residing at Alderman's Walk, in the City of London, Merchant, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
COUNTING COINS OF MONEY AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES, AND INDICATING THE
NUMBER THEREOF," to be as follows:-
My Invention is intended to facilitate the counting of money and other
similar articles without the necessity of counting the same separately in the
usual manner, and consists in the combination of a box or set of boxes to
receive and contain the coins or other similar articles with the apparatus
herein-after described for counting and indicating the number of the same
admitted into the box or boxes. The box is a case composed of wood or
metal, and contains a suitable number of drawers or inner boxes, into which
the coins or other similar articles are to be dropped through apertures formed
in the outer case over an opening in the top of each drawer or inner box.
Underneath each of these apertures is fixed a tube leading to the opening at
the top of the drawer or inner box, such tube being furnished with a hinged
valve at the bottom, which valve is caused to open by the weight of a coin or
other similar article falling on the end of a lever herein-after named, and is
closed by means of a rod with a counterbalancing weight at one end. Within

page_text: the said tube is a stem with a forked opening at the top, such stem being part
of or connected to one end of a-lever suspended from a pin or centre of motion
fixed into the top of the box. The other end of this lever is jointed to a
vertical rod which is connected with the ordinary wheels and dials for the
purpose of indicating the number of coins or other similar articles dropped
into the box.
By means of the foregoing combination of mechanism each coin or other
article by falling on the forked end of the lever depresses-the same, and opens
the valve at the bottom of the tube, and passes through the same into the
drawer or inner box, the valve being closed again by the rod on the removal
of the pressure on the lever. At the same time by the depression of such end
of the lever the reverse end thereof is raised and a movement communicated
to the counting apparatus by means of the vertical röd connected thereto.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Cullin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd June
1864. A communication from abroad by John Cullin, of Deigham, in
the Kingdom of Belgium.
I, THOMAS CULLIN, of Golden Bridge, in the County of Dublin, Paper
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
PAPER," a communication to me from abroad by John Cullin, of Deigham, in
the Kingdom of Belgium, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to that part of machinery or apparatus employed in
the manufacture of paper known as the "knotter," which is used for sepa-
rating the knots and other refuse matter from the pulp of which paper is
made.
According to one arrangement the "knotter" is placed vertically in the
vat, so as to form a central diaphragm or partition, and is connected loosely
to the bottom and two opposite sides or ends of the vat by means of india-
rubber, leather, or other suitable material, which shall admit of it vibrating
or shaking under the action of a pair of revolving tappet wheels. In each of
the two separate compartments of the vat formed by the presence of the
"knotter" there is placed a revolving agitator, the shafts of which may be
geared together by spur wheels outside the vat, and motion may be imparted
to them by a strap and driving pulley, the latter being fixed on the shaft of
one of the agitators.

page_text: According to another arrangement a smaller vat is placed inside the outer
one, such smaller vat being hung upon pivots or centres at each side or end
thereof. The "knotter" plates are fitted one in each side of the inner vat,
which is shaken or vibrated on its pivots or centres by one or more revolving
tappet wheels. On each side of the inner vat and inside the outer_vat is
placed a revolving agitator, a third agitator being placed inside the inner vat.
The shafts of these three agitators are geared together outside the outer vat
by spur wheels, and the whole operated by a strap and revolving pulley.
AN INSTRUMENT FOR LAYING HOLD OF ASPARAGUS, GLOBE ARCHITOKES, OR OTHER VEGETABLES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Rimmer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th May
1864.
I, RICHARD RIMMER, of Crow Hall, near Ipswich, in the County of Suffolk,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN INSTRUMENT
FOR LAYING HOLD OF ASPARAGUS, GLOBE ARCHITOKES, OR OTHER VEGETABLES," to be
as follows:-
This instrument is designed as a substitute for the fingers or fork in laying
hold of asparagus, or the leaves of globe artichokes, or such other vegetables
as are eaten in a similar manner. The instrument consists of a pair of nippers
somewhat similar in form to a pair of scissors, but having holding or nipping
surfaces (flattened or suitably formed to lay hold of the asparagus or other
vegetable) instead of cutting blades. The shanks or handles of the nippers
are cranked or bent upwards in order to render them more convenient to
use, and are furnished with bows or eyes, by means of which they are held
by the finger and thumb, and opened and closed as required. The instru-
ment may be made of any suitable metal, and it may be made more or less
ornamental as may be desired, and it will also be evident that the precise
configuration thereof may be greatly modified without departing from the
main feature of my said Invention, as above set forth.
AN IMPROVED PAINT
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Thomas at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th May.
1864.
I, JOHN THOMAS, of Battersea, in the County of Surrey, Ironfounder, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PAINT,"
to be as follows:-
My improved paint is composed of copper slag ground to a fine or
impalpable powder, calcined or not, and ground up with oil in the ordinary
manner of mixing paints. When used without calcination a dark color
approaching to black is produced, but by calcining the powder, red and brown:
hues, according to the degree of calcination, can be obtained. The paint is
particularly applicable for protecting the bottoms of iron and wooden ships,
and all structures exposed to sea water; it is also applicable as a general
paint.
A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR COATING AND INSULATING METALS, WOOD, CORE, AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Baldwin Castle
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd February 1864.
I, WILLIAM HENRY BALDWIN CASTLE, of Portsmouth, in the County of
Southampton, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR COATING AND INSULATING METALS, WOOD,
CORE, AND OTHER MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the employment of a composition for coating and
insulating metals, wood, cork, and other materials, consisting of gutta percha,
india-rubber, or other analogous gums or compounds thereof, held in solution
by the admixture of chloroform in the proportions of about one pound of
gutta percha to one gallon of chloriform, but I do not bind myself to these
proportions. As this composition is found to dry too quickly for practical
purposes, I prefer to add to the same a small proportion of turpentine, say
about one-sixth part of the volume of the chloriform employed, whereby the
evaporation of the volatile constituents is sufficiently retarded.
When this composition is applied as a coating to the sides and bottoms of iron
ships, and in other cases where it is in exposed positions subject to the action
of the atmosphere, water, or other fluids or gases, I prefer to cover the coating

page_text: with a layer of paint composed by preference of red lead, arsenic, and bichloride
of mercury, but any other suitable paint may be employed. When the
surfaces to which the composition is to be applied are of a smooth nature, I
prefer to roughen the same in order to cause the composition to adhere more
firmly thereto.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN METALLIC BEDSTEADS, COTS, AND COUCHES, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF LIKE MANUFACTURE
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Cooke at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd August
1864.
I, EDWARD COOKE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manager
of Works, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN METALLIC BEDSTEADS, COTS, AND COUCHES, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF LIKE
MANUFACTURE," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
strengthening the side and end rails of metallic bedsteads, cots, and couches,
and other articles of like manufacture. The said side and end rails constitute
the horizontal framing of the bedstead or other article, and are made of angle
iron. By my Invention the said rails are much strengthened.
I will describe my Invention in connection with the side and end rails of a
metallic bedstead. Underneath that part of the angle iron of each rail which
is situated in the finished bedstead in a horizontal plane I fix one or more
struts or short uprights, the said struts or uprights being perpendicular to the
plane of the said horizontal part of the angle iron. When I employ only one
strut I place it midway between the ends of the rail; when I use two or
more struts I place then a short distance apart. I connect a rod of wrought
iron with the corner blocks or other ends cast or fixed on the rail, the said rod
passing through a hole in the strut or in each of the struts, the hole in all
cases being near the lowest point of the strut. The ends of the rod being
firmly secured to the corner blocks and its middle part being supported by

page_text: the strut or struts considerably below the plane of the horizontal part of the
rail, the said rod forms a truss which gives great strength to the rail, any
pressure near the middle of the rail tending to produce flexure therein being
opposed by the tension of the iron rod. The ends of the rod are secured in
the corner or other block on the ends of the rail by the block being cast on.
the ends of the rail and the ends of the said rod at the same time, the said
rod having been previously passed through the hole in the strut or struts.
Instead of passing the rods through holes in the struts the said rods may be
connected to the said struts by means of small connecting pieces cast on the
struts and joining the ends of the said struts to the rods. For ordinary
purposes the struts need not be deeper than the vertical side of the rail. In
this case the said struts, as well as the rod, are concealed by the rail when the
bedstead is put up. The struts may, however, be made of greater depth than
the vertical side of the rail when very great strength is required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REEFING AND FURLING SAILS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Shorey and George
Gibson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 22nd November 1864.
We, THOMAS SHOREY and GEORGE GIBSON, both of South Shields, in the
County of Durham, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN REEFING AND FURLING SAILS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the method of reefing and
furling sails, whereby greater efficiency and compactness of apparatus is
acquired than by any of the methods at present in use. We propose to set
the lower boom in a bearing or journal fixed in the mast, the boom being
extended by an axle or shaft to enter therein, the extremity of the shaft being
provided with a toothed wheel, into and underneath which gears a pinion
worked by a winch handle. The shaft of this handle is supplied with a
ratchet wheel, in which a pall works in order to hold it in position. The rear
end of the boom is,also provided with a projecting axis, which is let into a
metal bearing having a bent collar, which collar is held in position by a rope
to the masthead, and by block tackling to the stern. By these arrangements
it is evident that when the winch handle is turned in the proper direction the
boom will be caused to rotate, and thus wind or furl the sail, which is allowed
to descend by slacking the haulyard from the deck.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Pidgeon and William
Manwaring at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 8th February 1864.
We, DANIEL PIDGEON, of the Britannia Works, Banbury, Agricultural
Engineer, and WILLIAM MANWARING, of the same Place, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
The first part of our Invention relates to an improved mode of forming and
delivering the sheaf in machines in which the crop is collected by means of a
rake or reel actuated by manual labour or machinery, and is thrown upon a
platform or other receptacle at the back of the cutting apparatus, to be
thence descharged by the manual action of the attendant, technically called a
"raker."
Now our improvement consists in applying to a part of the platform or
receptacle, and on that side thereof nearest to the standing crop a traversing,
tipping, or tilting apparatus, by which that portion of the cut crop lying on
such part of the said platform or receptacle shall be removed laterally towards
the "raker," and placed among the cut crop lying on the remaining part of
such platform or receptacle, which remaining part may either be fixed and
stationary or capable of tipping or tilting, from which remaining part of the
platform or receptacle the crop may then be discharged by the attendant in a
compact sheaf.
The second part of our Invention relates to a mode of obtaining an altera-

page_text: tian in the speed of the cutting apparatus in reaping and mowing machines,
and it consists in placing one or more of the wheels, from which the motion of
the cutting apparatus is derived on an eccentric shaft or shafts or equivalent
contrivance, so that the distance between the centres of such wheels, and the
centres of the wheels or pinions into which they gear may be increased or
diminished, and consequently the size of the driven wheels or pinions varied
at pleasure.
The third part of our Invention relates to mowing machines, in which the
cutting apparatus consists of a revolving cutter acting against a fixed blade,
and it consists in making such fixed blade with raised or turned up edges
both at the back and front sides thereof, so that when the raised edge is worn
down on one side the fixed blade may be reversed, and the other raised edge
brought into contact with the revolving cutter.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING AND GIVING ALARM ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henshaw at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th November
1864.
I, JOHN HENSHAW, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND
APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING AND GIVING ALARM ON RAILWAYS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention is designed for the purpose of enabling passengers to com-
municate with or call the attention of the guard or engine driver of railway
trains, or for establishing communication between guard and driver. The
improvements consist in the use of a "fan" or winged shaft enclosed within a
case and attached to the engine or guard's van. This case is attached at one
side to the steam boiler or to a vessel of compressed air, and at its other side
to a tube, which has joints at each carriage, and extends from the engine to
the other end of the train, and consequently passes through the compartments
of every carriage in the train. In every compartment this tube is furnished
with a valve, which can be opened by a passenger inside, and which allows
steam or air to escape, and thus causes a rush of steam, which actuates the
fan on the engine or van, and causes it to revolve with its shaft, upon which
shaft a tappet is secured, which in its revolutions strikes a lever and hammer

page_text: acting on a belomalarum, which calls
R
on
of the guard or engine
driver, and at the same time the valve is opened, the steam or air passes to a
whistle outside the particular carriage in which the valve is opened, thus
indicating the position of the person requiring assistance.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN WINDMILLS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Eccles at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th February
1864.
I, THOMAS ECCLES, of Edenfield, in the County of Lancaster, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WINDMILLS," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in placing any convenient number of sails around
a circular frame or wheel so that the sails may move on centers or pivots in
such a way that they shall have their flat or greatest sides against the wind
until they have moved over nearly half a circle, when they are turned by
acting upon an inclined plane passing around the circular wheel so as to cut
the wind by acting against it with the edge of each sail for nearly the other
half of the circle, when they are again changed by the action of a catch to full
sail towards the wind. The face of the wheel carrying the sails may be
horizontal, vertical, or inclined. The circular frame or wheel is fixed upon a
shaft, and the wind acting on the said sails cause it to revolve so that the
power of the wind may be used to drive or move any kind of machinery that
may be required.
The apparatus for moving the said incline and the said catch so that they
may always have the same relative position to the direction of the wind,
consists of a V-shaped sail placed on an arm with the point of the V towards
the centre of the shaft carrying the said circular frame or wheel. The said
arm works loosely on the main shaft, and is attached by suitable mechanism

page_text: to the before-named incline and catch, so that when the wind changes it will
act on the V sail and place the said incline and catch in the same relative
position again to the direction of the wind. The V sail is made to slide on
the arm which carries it, so that a very strong wind will move it and cause it
to act on a break to regulate the speed of the machine.
I use another sail or sails placed near the revolving wheel which act upon
suitable mechanism attached to the main sails, and turn them edge towards
the wind, when its force is very strong, and the machine is then prevented
from revolving.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN BOOTS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Simon Ferdinand Feldman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
April 1864.
I, SIMON FERDINAND FELDMAN, of Hackney, in the County of Middlesex,
Boot Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN BOOTS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to secure a good and easy fit across the foot
of the wearer.
With boots as now ordinarily made injury frequently arises to the instep from
undue pressure thereon. Now, by my Invention this inconvenience is obviated,
while at the same time a neat fit can be ensured.
My Invention consists in the introduction in the fore part of the boot
generally, from the toe piece to above the instep, of a piece of elastic web.
Buttons or any other ornament may be placed on each side of the web, and
elastic laces may be carried across from button to button, or the web may be
used without any ornament at the sides.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CLEANSING GRAIN
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th November 1864.-A communication from abroad by Alexandre
Philippe Outrequin, junior, of Daours, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CLEANSING GRAIN," (a communication to me from
abroad by Alexandre Philippe Outrequin, junior, of Daours, France, to be
as follows:-
This machine is furnished with cloths, round like those of other cleaners,
and further folded on each other, they form grooves on all the circumferences
excepting at one point where there are channels which serve to bring the
corn from one groove to other grooves placed further on so as to cause it to
advance to the point of exit. The top of the channels or conduits into which
the corn finds itself thrown is open, which arrangement permits the escape
of the air, and consequently serves as a ventilator. This apparatus further
fulfils the functions of a mixer, for which purpose it is provided beyond other
cleaners of this nature with two endless screws with their channels, which
carry along the remains or waste produced by the cleaner. This machine
may be constructed of different sizes, and the part which constitutes the
cleaner may be distinct from that constituting the ventilator, or the two may
form but one machine.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF PRINTED OR DYED CALICOS AND OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Barton, Joseph Sidebotham,
and Thomas Henry Nevill at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition on the 20th July 1864.
We, ALFRED BARTON, JOSEPH SIDEBOTHAM, and THOMAS HENRY NEVILL, of
Strines, in the County of Derby, and Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Calico Printers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF PRINTED OR DYED CALICOS AND OTHER FABRICS,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to a certain treatment of printed or dyed goods
whereby the colours are fastened and they are otherwise improved, and con-
sists in causing water at a high temperature to be forced through the said
goods.
In carrying out our Invention we propose to use two vessels, the one con-
taining the goods and the other the heated water, which water may be driven
through the said goods by steam of adequate pressure. Or, a force pump or
other such mechanical arrangement may be employed.