IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS FOR PAPER MAKERS AND ONTARDS
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Carl Heinrich Roeckner, of 11, North Carolina
Terrace, Newcastle-on Tyne, Paper Maker, and George Lunge, of
South Shields, in the County of Durham, Chemical Manufacturer,
LETTERS PATENT to Carl Heinrich Roeckner, of 11, North Carolina
Terrace, Newcastle on Tyne, Paper Maker, and George Lunge, of
South Shields, in the County of Durham, Chemical Manufacturer,
for the Invention of “IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS FOR PAPER MAKERS AND
ONTARDS"
South Shields, in the County of Durham, Chemical Manufacturer,
for the Invention of “IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS FOR PAPER MAKERS AND
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS FOR PAPER MAKERS AND
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Carl Heinrich Roeckner
and George Lunge at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 14th February 1872.
We, CARL HEINRICH ROECKNER, of 11, North Carolina Terrace,
Newcastle-on-Tyne, Paper Maker, and GEORGE LUNGE, of South Shields,
in the County of Durham, Chemical Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS FOR PAPER
MAKERS AND OTHERS," to be as follows:
This Invention relates to certain improved arrangements in connection
with boilers to be employed for the purpose of treating rags, esparto,

page_text: wood, or other materials used in paper making, and for similar or
analogous purposes where substances are required to be boiled with or
without chemicals. For these purposes boilers of any form capable of
resisting the required pressure, and either rotary or stationary, and with
or without mechanical agitators, are used. Such boilers are heated, and
an increased circulation of their liquid contents produced therein in the
following manner:-The boiler is connected with a separate heating
arrangement, consisting either of a pipe or pipes or of a tubular or other
suitable boiler. This apparatus is heated either by a direct fire, or by
hot air, or by steam, and is connected with the main boiler by means of
pipes or branches both at or near the top and at or near the bottom of
the main boiler, so that the liquid employed in the operation of boiling
is free to circulate in the heating apparatus as well and its connections
as well as in the main boiler. When heat is applied to the heating
apparatus the liquid in the interior thereof is expanded and passes
partially over into the upper part of the main boiler, whilst colder liquid
supplies its place from the lower part of the latter. The main boiler is
constantly cooled down to some extent by the action of the air or by
artificial means, whereby the steam generated in the heating apparatus
is partially condensed; more liquid comes over from the latter and thus
a continuous circulation is effected at whatever pressure the boiler may
be worked.
The main boiler can be subjected to any practicable degree of pressure
by regulating the heat in the heating apparatus; and is provided with
all necessary accessories, such as mountings, safety valve, steam guage,
inlet and outlet pipes, and cocks for liquid, steam, and air, as will be
donstood
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Carl Heinrich Roeckner and George Lunge in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 12th August 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, CARL
HEINRICH ROECKNER, of 11, North Carolina Terrace, Newcastle-on-
Tyne, Paper Maker, and GEORGE LUNGE, of South Shields, in the County
of Durham, Chemical Manufacturer, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of February, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said Carl Heinrich Roeckner and George Lunge,
Her special licence that we, the said Carl Heinrich Roeckner and George
Lunge, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we,
the said Carl Heinrich Roeckner and George Lunge, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BOILERS FOR PAPER MAKERS AND OTHERS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said Carl Heinrich Roeckner and George Lunge,
our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Carl Heinrich Roeckner and George
Lunge, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had to
the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked
thereon, that is to say :-
Our said Invention consists in certain improved arrangements in
connection with boilers to be employed for the purpose of treating rags,
esparto, wood, or other materials used in paper making, and for similar
or analogous purposes where substances are required to be boiled with
or without chemicals. For these purposes boilers of any form capable
of resisting the required pressure, and either rotary or stationary, and
with or without mechanical agitators, are used. Such boilers are heated
and an increased circulation of their liquid contents produced therein in
the following manner:-The boiler is connected with a separate heating
arrangement, consisting either of a pipe or pipes, or of a tubular or other

page_text: suitable boiler. This heating apparatus is heated either by a direct fire
or by hot air, or by steam, and is connected with the main boiler by
means of pipes or branches at or near the top and at or near the bottom
of the main boiler, so that the liquid employed in the operation of boiling
is free to circulate in the heating apparatus in which it is contained as
well as in the main boiler and its connections. When heat is applied to
the heating apparatus the liquid in the interior thereof is expanded and
passes partially over into the upper part of the main boiler, whilst colder
liquid supplies its place from the lower part of the latter. The main
boiler is constantly cooled down again to some extent by the action of
the air or by artificial means, whereby the steam generated in the heating
apparatus is partially condensed, more liquid comes over from the latter,
and thus a continuous circulation is effected at whatever pressure the
boiler may be worked.
The main boiler itself is not heated directly, but it can be subjected to
any practicable degree of pressure by regulating the heat in the heating
apparatus. The main boiler is provided with all necessary accessories,
such as mountings, safety valves, steam guages, inlet and outlet pipes,
and cocks for liquid, steam, and air, and perforated false bottom, as will
be well understood.
The foregoing description explains the general nature of our said
Invention, but in order that the same and some modifications which
come within its scope may be clearly understood, we will now refer to
the annexed Drawings.
Figure 1 shews an arrangement in which the heating apparatus is
subjected to the action of à direct fire. The main body of the boiler
into which the material under treatment is introduced is shewn at a ;
the heating apparatus is shewn at b, and consists of one or more pipes
connected by the horizontal branch c with the space below the false
bottom, and by d with the space near the top of the boiler a. The
pipes b, b, are heated by the flame proceeding from a fire e, and which
is carried away by the flue f. In order fully to utilise the last-mentioned
fire, and also to allow it to be suddenly withdrawn and the liquid to be
run off without injuring the pipes b, b, by overheating the same, it is
advisable to surround the latter by a steam boiler g, g, consisting of an
outer and an inner shell, the annular space within which is filled with
water, whilst the interior of the inner shell serves as a furnace for
heating the pipes b, b. This part of the boiler is entirely filled with

page_text: water, but a tube is placed at the top thereof which connects it with an
upper boiler or dome h, which latter affords a space for the steam
generated during the heating, and which may be utilised in any suitable,
manner. When fire is applied in the hearth shewn at e the liquid in b, b,
becomes much hotter than in a and evolves steam, which has no means
of escaping except through d into the upper part of a, where the tem-
perature being lower it is partially condensed. This causes a part of the
liquid in 6, b, to be projected into a, and of course at the same moment
this liquid is replaced by colder liquid which flows over from or through
the branch c. The object of the contrivance shewn at the junction
between d and a is to cause an accumulation of liquid which prevents
the steam from passing over into a too freely and without carrying liquid
along with it. This arrangement greatly facilitates the rapidity and
completeness of the circulation. The process goes on continuously, that
is to say, steam and liquid travel from 6, 6, through d into a, and liquid
through c back into b, b, a constant change of liquid taking place, and
the solid contents of a are subjected continuously to the action of new
portions of liquid.
It is found by experience that in the use of the apparatus embraced
by this Invention the chemicals contained in the liquid are utilised
much more completely than in the ordinary boiling apparatus.
When the boiling operation in a has lasted sufficiently long the fire in e
may be withdrawn, or by means of a damper i it may be shut off from
the heating apparatus b, b, and directed into another flue. The pressure
within the apparatus may vary within wide limits without interfering
with the action as above described.
In Figure 2 is shewn an arrangement of apparatus adapted for the
purpose of heating the heating apparatus by the infusion of steam. a is
the main boiler; b, the heating pipes; c, the small pipe through which
steam is injected into it; d is a check valve to prevent a back flow of
the liquid contents of the apparatus into the steam pipes; e is a con-
trivance similar to that shewn in Figure 1 for preventing the steam
generated in 6 from passing over into a too freely, thus causing it to
project more liquid into a and thereby producing a more rapid circu-
lation.
Having thus declared and ascertained the nature of our said Inven-

page_text: in conclusion that we do not claim the several and distinct parts of the
apparatus herein-before described separate and apart from each other
as being of our Invention, inasmuch as variations may be made there-
from without departing from the main principles of our said Invention;
but what we consider novel and original, and therefore claim as con-
stituting the Invention secured to us by the said herein-before in part
recited Letters Patent is, the combination and arrangement of parts and
mechanism whereby the heating apparatus for the liquid is separated from
the main boiler in such a manner that by the process itself the liquid is
continually drawn through the lower part of the main boiler and pro-
jected into the upper part of the same, and thus a perfect circulation
under pressure is obtained, substantially as and for the purposes herein-
before set forth and described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Carl Heinrich Roeckner and
George Lunge, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Tenth
day of August, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-two.
C. H. ROECKNER. (L.S.)
GEORGE LUNGE. (L.S.)