IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND STRENGTHENING OF GUNS HERDANIIC PRESS AND OTHER C PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ludwig Nobel, of St. Petersburg, Russia, and of
South Street, Kennington, in the County of Surrey, Engineer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND STRENGTHENING OF
GUNS HERDANIIC PRESS AND OTHER C
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ludwig Nobel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents; with his Petition, on the 15th
December 1868.
I, LUDWIG NOBEL, of St. Petersburg, Russia, and of South Street, Ken-
nington, in the County of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND STRENGTHEN-
ING OF GUNS, HYDRAULIC PRESS, AND OTHER CYLINDERS," to be as follows:-
My improvements in the manufacture and strengthening of guns, hydraulic
press and other cylinders, relate to coiling on their exterior a series of layers
of strips of steel or iron or hoop iron; for instance, or it may be wire either
round or square in close proximity coiled helically thereon, and in a sufficient
number of layers to give the increase of strength desired. I am aware that
strip metal and wire have been heretofore coiled on guns or other cylinders
with a like object in view; but my Invention consists in so preparing the
or cylinder, and also the iron or steel to be wound on and treating them while
being so wound that the whole shall adhere as one solid mass. To effect this
I coat the exterior of the gun with tin or alloy thereof, as also the metal strip
or wire to be applied thereto, and while hot wrap the steel on the gun in such
manner that the soldering metal of the coiled part will unite to that of the
gun

page_text: other, and so render the whole a solid mass. To effect this I first heat the
gun to a proper temperature, and keep it hot during the whole operation,
the strip being beated either by the tinning and wrapping being conducted
simultaneously, or it may be previously tinned and again immersed in metal
as it is conducted to the coiling operation. Instead of tin or an alloy thereof,
spelter or other metals or an alloy of copper and zinc or other hard alloys may
be used for the purpose.
I prefer to use spelter, as being a harder and more
tenacious metal than tin, with such metals or alloys. I apply the metal strip,
bar, or hoop in the same manner as described with reference to tin, that is to say,
I coat the gun or cylinder with the spelter, and keep it at a sufficient heat while
the cooling is proceeding, the bar or hoop iron, steel strip, wire, or other length
of metal in process of coiling being either previously coated with spelter or the
other metal or alloy employed'; or at the time of coiling I wind the hoop, strip,
or bar steel or iron or wire on the gun or cylinder in helical coils, keeping
the several coils in close contact, and at same time binding them on the gun
by keeping great strain on the hoop iron, or strip material or wire during the
winding; and if the first coil be wound so as to form what is termed a right-
hand thread or worm,. I wind the next superposed coil in the reverse direction,
and so on alternating the direction of the winding of the coils throughout.
When completely coiled, I prefer to place rings on the exterior of the coiling,
which may also be soldered or caused to adhere to the coils in like manner;
these rings secure perfectly the coiling at the ends, and it may be at several
joints throughout the length of the gun or cylinder. The coiling may be readily
applied by placing the gun or cylinder in a lathe, and causing it to be rotated
slowly; the strip or wire applied, being previously fixed thereto, is fed through
a brake, by which a strain commensurate with the strength of the strip is
applied in order to produce the required tension during the winding. For
old guns, or guns already made, the bar, strip, or wire may be applied to the
exterior, or they may be reduced and otherwise prepared on the outside;
whereas for new guns it may be advisable to use a mere tube as a centre and
bore for the gun, and the greater part of its strength constituted by the coiled
and soldered or cemented bars, strips, or wire, in which case the trunnions
may be formed on a separate ring and shrunk, soldered, or cemented on the
solid material. This system of manufacturing or strengthening may be applied
to hydraulic press cylinders and other cylinders required to withstand great
internal pressure.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Ludwig Nobel in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 15th
June 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, LUDWIG.
NOBEL, of St. Petersburg, Russia, and of South Street, Kennington, in the
County of Surrey, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Ludwig Nobel, my Her special licence that I, the said Ludwig
Nobel, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Ludwig Nobel, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make.
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND STRENGTHENING OF GUNS, HYDRAULIC PRESS
AND OTHER CYLINDERS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Ludwig Nobel, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Ludwig Nobel, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say) :-
My improvements in the manufacture and strengthening of guns, hydraulio
press and other cylinders relate to coiling on their exterior a series of layers
or strips of sheet steel or iron or hoop iron, for instance, or it may be wire
either round or square in close proximity coiled helically thereon, and, in suffi-
cient number of layers to give the increase of strength desired. I am aware
that strip metal and wire have been heretofore coiled on guns and other
cylinders with a like object in view; but my Invention consists in so pre-
paring the gun or cylinder, and also iron or steel to be wound on, and treating

page_text: them while being so wound that the whole shall adhere as one solid mass. To
effect this I coat the exterior of the gun with tin or alloy thereof, also the
metal strip or wire to be applied thereto, and while hot wrap the strip on the
gun in such manner that the soldering metal of the coiled part will unite to
that of the other, and so render the whole a solid mass. To effect this I first
heat the gun to a proper temperature, and keep it hot during the whole
operation, the strip being heated either by the tinning and wrapping being
conducted simultaneously, or it may be previously tinned and again immersed
in melted metal as it is conducted to the coiling operation. Instead of tin
or an alloy thereof, spelter or other metals or an alloy of copper and zinc or
other hard alloys may be used, and for the purpose I prefer to use spelter, as
being a harder and more tenacious metal than tin, with such metals or alloys.
I apply the metal strip, bar, or hoop in the same manner as described with
reference to tin, that is to say, I coat the gun or cylinder with the spelter, and
keep it at a sufficient heat while the coiling is proceeding, the bar or hoop
iron, strip steel, wire, or other length of metal in process of coiling being
either previously coated with spelter, or other metal or alloy employed; or
at the time of coiling I wind the hoop, strip, or bar steel or iron or wire
on the gun or cylinder in helical coils, keeping the several coils in close
contact, and at same time binding them on the gun by keeping great strain
on the hoop iron or strip material or wire during the winding, and if the first
coil be wound so as to form what is termed a right-hand thread or worm, I
wind the next superposed coil in the reverse direction, and so alternate the
direction of the winding of the coils throughout. When completely coiled, I
prefer to place rings on the exterior of the coiling, which may be shrunk on
hot, or soldered, or caused to adhere to the coils in same manner as the coiled
strips; these rings perfectly secure the coiling at the ends, and it may be at
several points throughout the length of the gun or cylinder. The coiling may
be readily applied by placing the gun or cylinder in a lathe and causing it to
rotate slowly; the strip or wire applied, being previously fixed thereto, is fed
through a break, by which a strain commensurate with the strength of the
strip is applied in order to produce the required tension during the winding.
For old guns, or guns already made, the bar, strip, or wire may be applied to
the exterior, or they may be reduced and otherwise prepared on the outside;
whereas for new guns it may be advisable to use a mere tube as a centre and
bore for the gun, and having the greater part of its strength constituted by
the coiled and soldered or cemented bar, strips, or wire, in which case the
trunnions may be formed on a separate ring and shrunk, soldered, or cemented

page_text: on the coiled material. This system of manufacturing or strengthening may
also be applied to hydraulic press cylinders and other cylinders required to
withstand great internal pressure.
In carrying the above into effect I employ a suitable furnace or furnaces to
heat the gun and the soldering material to a proper temperature, or jets of gas
may be applied for that purpose, either independently or in combination with
fires or furnaces.
In witness whereof, I, the said Ludwig Nobel, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
LUDWIG NOBEL. (L.S.)