Irocess and means for Retning Mineral and Petroleum Oils.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 17th May, 1899
Complete Specification Left, 19th Feb., 1900-Accepted, 24th Mar., 1900
Irocess and means for Retning Mineral and Petroleum Oils.
I, THOMAS MACALPINE, of 22, Sutton Court Road, Chiswick, Middlesex, Doctor
of Science, Consulting and Research Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to a process for refining mineral and petroleum oils
mainly by aid of a special preparation of manganese.
In carrying my invention into effect first prepare the preparation of man-
ganese in the following manner.
I produce or obtain acetylene gas by any of the usual methods, preferably by,
the mutual decomposition of water and calcium carbide, I then pass the acetylene
gas over or into a solution of the oxides, hydrates or carbonates of calcium,
barium, magnesium, sodium, potassium or ammonium, where any of the above
mentioned substances are not readily soluble in water, I suspend them in that
medium, and pass the acetylene gas over or into that medium containing the
suspended material.
Or, alternatively, I produce the acetylene gas directly in the solution by
delivering the calcium carbide into the solution of the above mentioned oxides,
hydrates or carbonates, or of those in suspension.
To the solution of the above mentioned oxides, hydrates or carbonates, or of the
above mentioned suspended substances, (partially or fully saturated with acetylene
gas) I add a solution of the permanganates, or manganates of lime, barium,
magnesium, sodium, potash or ammonium..
In practice I find it convenient fo take a solution in water of carbonate of
sodium or carbonate of potash or a solution containing a mixture of both of these
salts, or having the above mentioned suspended substances, and saturate it with
acetylene gas.
To one or a mixture of two of these solutions I add a solution of permanganate
of potash, preferably not allowing the permanganate of potash to be in excess.
I prefer to use a solution of the above mentioned alkalis of about 1.07 specific.
gravity and after treatment with permanganate of potash permit the saturation
by acetylene gas to go on intermittently for some time, which causes a pre-
cipitate of a manganese compound to be thrown down which I separate and
obtain. by filtration. It is not necessary to use a solution of the specific gravity
mentioned above, as the reactions take place freely with solutions of any
density.
I find it convenient to use all the above solutions at the ordinary temperature
of the atmosphere, but to accelerate the process I may slightly raise the tem-
perature of one or both of the solutions and I may, to increase the speed of absorp-
tion, of the acetylene gas into the solution introduce the acetylene gas under pres-
sure, the speed of absorption being correspondingly increased in ratio with the
pressure employed.
Having prepared my acetylene preparations of manganese I then take crude

page_text: mineral or petroleum oil and to it add the manganese preparation in the following
way.
To 100 gallons of oil I add 5lbs. more or less of the preparation of manganese,
and allow the whole to rest for several hours or days with occasional agitation
or submit them to continued agitation for some hours. I then allow the mixed
oil and substance to settle and when the subsidence has taken place I remove
the oil and submit it to distillation.
With impure oils I may use an alkali to assist the action of the manganese,
and with very impure oil a mineral acid, preferably sulphuric. The propor-
tions used being about the following. For alkali. To 5lbs. of prepared manga-
nese from 2 to 2lbs. of caustic soda, or caustic potash, which is added to the oil
when mixed with the manganese before the agitation or further treatment.
For acid. To 5lbs. of prepared manganese 2 to 25 lbs. of concentrated sulphuric
acid, diluted with seven times its weight of water.
When acid is used, after the action of the acid on the manganese has ceased
I add sufficient alkali to remove the traces of acid, and wash out the alkali with
water, and distil off the oil either with or without filtering or subsiding.
In working it is of advantage to connect the "still" and work it under a
vacuum. This may be done either by means of a surface condenser, fitted up in
the usual way with air and circulating pumps, or, alternatively, by bringing the
hot vapour into direct contact with a jet of water in a condenser, both being
thereafter discharged by the air pump into a tank or cistern. The oil will float
on the top and the water, which will be at the lower part of the tank, or cistern,
may be used again after cooling if necessary, for condensing a further quantity
of vapour.
The above constitutes my invention, but many alternative steps in carrying
out the same may be employed without in any sense departing from the spirit of
the same, and I will mention some of them.
1. I may remove the oil from the substance by filtration and then distil off the
oil.
2. Instead of allowing the oil to be separated from the substance, I may leave
them together while distilling off the oil.
3. The treatment may be hastened by agitation either by means of compressed
air or by mechanical means.
T
י
47
1000
FREDERIC PRINCE,
Agent for Applicant.
Process and Means for Refining Mineral and Petroleum Oils.
I, THOMAS MACALPINE, of 22, Sutton Court Road, Chiswick, Middlesex, Doctor
of Science, Consulting and Research Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:―
This invention relates to a process for refining mineral and petroleum oils
mainly by aid of the special preparation of manganese made as described in the
Specification of my previous. Application No. 3381 of 1899.
Having prepared my acetylene preparation of manganese I then take crude
mineral or petroleum oil and to it add the manganese in the following way.
To 100 gallons of oil I add 5lbs. more or less of the preparation of manganese,
and allow the whole to rest for several hours or days with occasional agitation
or submit them to continued agitation for some hours. I then allow the mixed

page_text: oil and substance to settle and when the subsidence has taken place I remove
the oil and submit it to distillation.
With impure oils I may use an alkali to assist the action of the manganese,
and with very impure oils a mineral acid, preferably sulphuric. The propor-
tions used being about the following. For alkali. To 5lbs. of prepared manga-
nese from 2 to 24lbs. of caustic soda, or caustic potash, which is added to the oil
when mixed with the manganese before the agitation or further treatment.
For acid. To 5lbs. of prepared manganese 2 to 2 lbs. of concentrated sulphuric
acid, diluted with seven times its weight of water.
When acid is used; after the action of the acid on the manganese has ceased
I add sufficient alkali to remove the traces of acid, and wash out the alkali with
water, and distil off the oil either with or without filtering or subsiding.
In working it is of advantage to connect the "still" and work it under a slight
vacuum. This may be done either by means of a surface condensor, fitted up in
the usual way with air and circulating pumps, or, alternatively, by bringing the
hot vapour into direct contact with a jet of water in a condensor, both, being
thereafter discharged by the air pump into a tank or cistern. The oil will float
on the top and the water, which will be at the lower part of the tank, or cistern,
may be used again after cooling if necessary, for condensing a further quantity
of vapour.
The above constitutes my invention, but may alternative steps in carrying
out the same may be employed without in any sense departing from the spirit of
it, and I will mention some of them.
1. I may remove the oil from the substance by filtration and distil off the oil.
2. Instead of allowing the oil to be separated from the substance I may leave
them together while distilling off the oil.
3. The treatment may be hastened by agitation either by means of compressed
air or by mechanical means.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is:-
1. The process and means for refining mineral and petroleum oils consisting
in adding an acetylene preparation of manganese to the crude oil with or without
water or alkali or acid, allowing the whole to rest with or without occasional
agitation and after allowing the whole to settle removing the oil and sub-
mitting it to distillation, all as herein before described.
2. In a process for refining mineral and petroleum oils in conjunction with an
acetylene preparation of manganese adding to the manganese and oil an alkali.
3. In a process for refining mineral and petroleum oils in conjunction with
an acetylene preparation of manganese, adding to the oil and manganese a
diluted mineral acid, and when the action of the acid on the manganese has
ceased add alkali to remove traces of acid, then wash out the alkali, and distil
off the oil with or without filtering or subsiding, substantially as set forth.
4. In a process for refining mineral and petroleum oils in conjunction with
acetylene preparation of manganese, connecting the "still" with means to create
a slight vacuum in same while working.
fala 1000
FREDERIC PRINCE,
Agent for Applicant, 37, Cursitor Street, Chancery Lane.