Improvements in Centrifugal Churns.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Mar., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 7th Dec., 1895-Accepted,
11th
Jan., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Centrifugal Churns.
I, ROBERT EDWARD EVENDEN, of "Heaton," North Coburg, in the Colony of
Victoria, Australia, but at present residing at 76 High Street, Stoke Newington
in the County of London, Churn Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
My present invention relates to centrifugal churns such as that described in the
Specification of former Letters. Patent granted to me dated 14th September 1893
and numbered 17,288.
A churning vessel made in accordance with my said prior Patent is formed open
at its top, which is an advantage, being provided with a fixed internal flange in lieu
of the usual movable cover, and located within the churning vessel is a stationary
share or diverter with curved race or channel which serves to return the torrent of
cream formed by centrifugal action from the peripheral to the axial parts of the
churning vessel....
:.
I have found that in certain cases, especially, in the working of thin cream, that
the cream is liable to splash as it comes in contact with the stationary share or
diverter or its curved race or channel and that such share or diverter, when fixed,
is sometimes at an unsuitable angle and does not afford, sufficient concussion or
friction for advantageously. working the cream. Further, I have found, with
reference to the outlet valves for the buttermilk or water, that the butter substance
in the churning vessel is liable under centrifugal, pressure to adhere to the sides of
the vessel and so obstruct the flow of liquid through the valves.
To remedy these defects, which is the object of my present invention, I suitably
cover, roof-in or enclose the said curved race or channel so as to prevent splashing,
and construct the said share or diverter in such manner that it is readily
adjustable to any required angle and for the purpose of providing more efficient
means of concussion or friction for the cream I provide, either in combination with,
or in substitution for, the blade of the said diverter suitable fingers, beaters or a
grating. Around the outlet valves. I place a strainer which projects from the
inner surface of the churning vessel towards its axis. These strainers may be
formed with staves bound together with hoops. For larger churns they may be
made in sections for convenience of fixing or removal, the staves being fastened. on
to light frames formed to the curvature of the churn. I may provide the walls of
the strainers with holes or apertures for the liquid to pass, through. Or the
strainers may be otherwise constructed so as to form a movable grating around the
said valves.

page_text: Improvements in Centrifugal Churns.
I, ROBERT EDWARD EVENDEN, of "Heaton," North Coburg, in the Colony of
Victoria, Australia, but at present residing at 76 High Street, Stoke Newington,
in the County of London, Churn Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My present invention relates to centrifugal churns such as those described
respectively in the Specifications of Letters Patent granted to me numbered 3415
dated 25th February 1891 which contains a stationary share or diverter and
numbered 17,288 dated 14th September 1893 which contains a stationary share or
diverter combined with a curved race or chaunel.
I have found that in certain cases, especially in the working of thin cream, that
the cream is liable to splash as it comes into contact with the stationary share or
diverter or its curved race or channel and that such share or diverter when secured
in a fixed position is sometimes at an angle unsuitable for the advantageous working
of the cream.
To remedy these defects, which is the object of my present invention, I suitably
cover-in or enclose the said curved race or channel so as to minimise splashing and
direct the cream in the desired path more effectively, and I construct the said
share or diverter in such manner that the rear part of it is readily adjustable to
any required angle, and for the purpose of providing more efficient means of
diverting the cream I extend the said rear part of the diverter into suitable
horizontally projecting fingers.
The accompanying drawings illustrate a churn provided with my improvements,
Figure 1 being a plan and Figure 2 a vertical section. Figures 3, 4 and 5 are
detail views drawn to an enlarged scale, Figure 3 showing in elevation part of a
curved race or channel with its appendages looking in the direction of the arrow
under Figure 4. Figure 4 is a plan thereof; and Figure 5 is a vertical section
through the line A-B of Figure 4.
The churning vessel a is shown mounted upon a vertical shaft b which passes
within a hollow hub or journal c surrounding which is a casing of wood staves h
tightening against the churn bottom to prevent the cream coming in contact with
the metal of the hub or journal. Preferably the vessel is open at the top being
provided with a flange a¹ instead of the usual cover or lid though obviously the
latter might be employed if desired. The vessel at its lower part is provided with
a suitable valve and strainer to allow of the escape of the butter-milk into the
receptacle g. Suitable rotary motion is communicated to the vessel from a
convenient source of power through bevel wheels e, for by other equivalent means.
These details of construction, however, form no part of my present invention;
they are well suited for my purpose but they might be altered to suit varying
requirements.
According to my present invention a cap or holder i is keyed or otherwise
secured to the upper end of the shaft bin such manner as to be firmly held thereon.
Vertical pivots k are formed upon or fixed to the holder i. Upon these pivots are
the curved races or channels ; with diverters depending from them. Each curved
race or channel is covered-in or enclosed and presents an open face downwards; its
mouth or opening is somewhat enlarged as shown at t and its side walls consist of
one continuous curve extending from the point t' towards the centre of the vessel,
then turning round as seen at t2 in Figures 1 and 4 and terminating as shown at 3 at
the mouth or opening of the channel. Looking at the left-hand side of Figure 2,
t is the inner surface of the side wall while t is its reverse or outer surface and it

page_text: will be observed that the part to spreads out obliquely while its width gradually
lecreases, sloping at its lower edge towards the extremity 3. A channel or race
so constructed is advantageous in that it first gradually directs the cream towards
the centre of the vessel and thence downward and outward under the sloping lower
edge of the part tº.
The stationary shares. or diverters consist essentially of vertical blades o and
horizontally projecting fingers p. Each vertical blade o is secured upon an outer
metal plate o' which is fastened as shown at n (Figure 3) to the outside of the
curved race or channel between lugs 1, 2 as best seen in Figure 4.
The outer
profile of each vertical blade conforms to the churn wall but is fixed just clear of it
while its inner face is a tangent plane. In order to obtain the most suitable angle
for the horizontally projecting fingers p at the rear of the vertical blades o
I construct them adjustable. To each stationary blade is hinged a head p¹ with
outer metal plate o² carrying the horizontal fingers p. Connected to the head p' is
a vertical spindle p² extending to the top of the curved race or channel and terminating
in the crank g with pawlr engaging with the ratchet segments on the upper side
of the channel. The fingers p are preferably made of the section shown in the
drawings that is to say flat on the face presented to the rotating cream in the vessel
as seen at the left-hand side of Figure 2 and curved on their opposite sides as shown
at the right-hand side of the same figure.
The churning vessel is rotated in the direction indicated by the arrows in
Figure 1 and the torrent of cream constantly drives the ears or lugs on the
curved races or channels j against adjustable projections m. By regulating these
adjustable projections the curved races or channels ; with their appendages are
brought more or less into the path of the cream which by the centrifugal power is
thrown out towards the wall of the churn. The upper layer of the fluid is forced
to enter the channels and to follow their curved way inwards to the central part of
the churn and downwards to be again thrown out towards the periphery by
centrifugal action. By operating the cranks q (their pawls r engaging with ratchet
segments s) the angle of the head pl and the fingers p may be varied as will be well
understood.
By the arrangements above described the torrent of cream is continuously moved
outward and inward and so thoroughly aerated and cleansed of foul gases that a
more rapid division of the butter globules is effected. Moreover the fingers p being
rendered capable of occupying the most suitable position for the working of the
cream, the diversion of the rotating mass can be made greater or smaller and the
cream globules more or less worked.
It is evident that if desired more than two channels with their appendages might
be employed and in certain cases it might be considered sufficient to have only one
of such channels.
It is not necessary that the mechanism for adjusting the fingers p be of the
construction herein specified; other equivalent mechanism might be employed for
moving and maintaining the parts in the desired position.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. In centrifugal churns a curved race or channel having an enlarged mouth or
opening and with its side walls forming a continuous curve from one side of the
mouth or opening towards the centre of the vessel and thence returning towards the
other side of the mouth or opening but spreading out obliquely and gradually sloping
on its lower edge, pivotably dependent from the central shaft of the churning vessel
and carrying an adjustable share or diverter substantially as and for the purposes
set forth.
2. In centrifugal churns a stationary share or diverter provided with fingers
projecting horizontally from the rear thereof substantially as and for the purposes
set forth.

page_text: 3. In centrifugal churns, the combination, with stationary shares or diverters, of
horizontally projecting fingers pivotably secured to the said stationary shares or
diverters and adjustable to any required position substantially as set forth.
4. The combination, in centrifugal churns, of a cap or holder keyed or otherwise
secured to the central shaft of the vessel, a curved race or channel pivoted thereon
and preferably capable of adjustment by means of an ear or lug land adjustable
projection m, a stationary share or diverter o dependent from said curved race or
channel, a head carrying fingers and means for adjusting same substantially as and
for the purposes set forth.
Dated this 7th day of December 1895.
i
A. F. SPOONER,
124 Chancery Lane, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.