IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS, RUGS, AND OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1851

page_text: CROSSLEY'S SPECIFICATION.
1...
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
CROSSLEY, of Halifax, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-eighth day
of January, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-one, in the fourteenth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her- heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Joseph Crossley, my exors, adñors, and assigns,
Her especial licence, full power, sole. privilege and authority, that I, the
said Joseph Crossley, my exors, adññiors, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Joseph Crossley, my exors, adiñors, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from. time to time and at all times during the term of
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS, RUGS, AND
OTHER FABRICS;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that I,
the said Joseph Crossley, shall cause a particular description of the nature of
my said Invention, and the männer in which the same is to be performed
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to be inrolled in

page_text: Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as
in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at
large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, J, the said
Joseph Crossley, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to
the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon,
that is to say :-
My Invention relates,―
Firstly, to improvements in the manufacture of Brussels and cut pile
carpets and rugs, and consists of means of applying additional thick back
thoreto in the act of weaving.
Secondly, my Invention. consists of improvements in the manufacture of
carpets and other terry and cut-pile fabrics, by applying flat or oval wires
when weaving such fabrics with printed warps, showing defined figuires in
power looms.
Thirdly, my Invention consists of employing thick weft when weaving
carpets with printed or party-colored warp in order to produce carpets with
two similar corded surfaces, showing the pattern the same on both sides.
Fourthly, my Invention consists of causing the edges or selvages of rug
backs and rugs made with printed warps to be bound round with worsted in
the act of weaving.
And in order that my Invention may be most fully understood and'
readily carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the means pursued
by me. I would state that carpets have before been woven with additional
or thick back; the first part of my Invention is therefore confined to
certain means herein described, for obtaining to Brussels and cut-pile
carpets and rugs additional or thick back, and such is the nature of my im-.
provements, that one, two, or more additional thicknesses may in the act of
weaving be added to Brussels cut-pile carpets, and consists of throwing in
additional weft, so as to be taken and tied in at the back by an additional
warp, and so that the said weft may be tied in, side by side transversely of the
fabric, and if desired, other warps may be caused to tie in a second additional
weft, so as to cause it to come under the first additional weft, and so on, to
any desired thickness of additional weft. In carrying out this part of my
Invention, the loom employed is to be prepared as heretofore, but with.

page_text: additional headle or headles to act on such of the warps as are to become the
threads which are to tie in the additional weft.
I will now proceed to describe the second part of my Invention, which has
for its object to get a greater degree of perfection in the pattern by the use of
flat or oval terry wires in the weaving of printed or party-colored warp by
power looms. Heretofore, when weaving carpets and other terry fabrics by
power, cylindrical wires have been employed; there were, however, some
attempts made by me and by others at my suggestion to employ flat wires when
weaving terry fabrics by power, but without success. I have since found that
the best means of accomplishing this object is so to arrange the apparatus of
the loom, that in the act of beating up the wire the same shall be caused to
assume its correct upright position, and this is readily effected by causing the
batten to strike up twice to each shoot of the weft.
Figure 1 shows the form of wire which I prefer for the purpose. I do not;
however, claim the form of the wire, as like wires have before been employed
for hand weaving, this part of my Invention consisting of so constructing and
working power looms that flat or oval wires may be used when weaving
Brussels and cut-pile for carpets. As the best means of accomplishing this
part of my
Invention was
shewn and explained in the Specification of a Patent
granted to me, Joseph Crossley, in conjunction with George Collier and James
Hudson when describing other improvements invented by us, and which were
best capable of being carried out in conjunction with this part of my Invention,
for this reason it will only be necessary to say that I cause the batten to beat
up twice for each shoot of weft, and I prefer the mean's described in our said
Specification for accomplishing this object.
I will now describe the third part of my Invention, which consists of
employing thick weft when weaving carpets with printed or party-colored
warp, and so as to present two similar corded surfaces, showing the same
pattern on both sides the cloth; for this purpose the carpets have no back.
as in Brussels carpet. The thick weft gives each of the surfaces a similar
surface to that fabric commonly known by the name of Venetian carpets, only
that in place of being in stripes it is figured by means of the. warp being.
printed.
I will now describe the fourth part of my Invention, which consists of
binding with worsted or other suitable material the selvages of rugs made
from printed warps, and of rug backs prepared to be adhered to figured worsted
by means of dissolved caoutchouc, and which are known by the name of
mosaic rugs. But before describing my improvements I will state that I am.

page_text: aware that Axminster and Turkey rugs have had the selvages wrapped
round with worsted during the process of being woven, but this has been
effected by having a small bobbin filled with worsted, and which the weaver
has thread several times around the selvage warp after the weft shuttle has
been thrown across the shed.
My improvement consists in applying one or more extra warps of worsted
at either selvage, and I place such warps on separate bobbins, and I cause
such warps to be raised and lowered, so that the weft may-pass-partly round
such extra warps of worsted and thus will the extra warps be drawn alter-
nately under and over the selvage warps of the rugs, and thus warp or cover
the same, the extra warps of worsted being so weighted as to allow the weft to
draw such extra warps over and under the selvage warp of the fabric. I would
remark that although I much prefer, I do not confine myself to the above
means, as the same may be varied, so long as the wrapping or binding of the
selvages, of rugs made from printed warps and rug backs is performed during
the process of being woven.
:
Having thus described the nature of my Invention and the means of per-
forming the same; I would have it understood that I do not confine myself to
the details herein given so long as the peculiar character of any part of my
Invention be retained. But what I claim, is,
First, the mode herein described of manufacturing Brussels and cut-pile
carpets and rugs with thick backs.
Secondly, I claim the manufacture of carpets in which printed warps
showing defined Figuires are used by the employment of flat or oval wires
when weaving by power.
Thirdly, I claim the weaving of carpets made with printed or party-colored
warp by applying thick weft to produce two similar corded surfaces, shewing
the same pattern on both sides of the cloth..
And, fourthly, I claim the wrapping or binding the selvages of rugs made
from printed warps; and also of rug backs for mosaic rugs during the act of
weaving..
" in
.
In witness' whereof, "I, the said Joseph Crossley, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of July, in the year of our Lord
2 One-thousand-eight-hundred and fifty-one..
7 -
747
་་་ "
JOSEPH (L.S.) CROSSLEY.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-fifth day of July, in
the year of our Lord 1851, the aforesaid Joseph Crossley came before
our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Speci-
fication aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in
form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped
according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Twenty-sixth day of July, in the year of our Lord