An Improvement in Shoes for Horses and other Draft Animals, and in Roughing Cogs for the said Shoes.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd July, 1894-Accepted, 8th Sept., 1894
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improvement in Shoes for Horses and other Draft Animals, and
in Roughing Cogs for the said Shoes.
I, JOSEPH BENFIELD, of 79, Blue Lane, Walsall, Staffordshire, Shoeing Smith,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention consists of the herein-described improvement in shoes for horses
and other draft animals to facilitate the fixing to the said shoes of the improved
roughing cogs forming the second part of this invention. By my invention the
said roughing cogs (including both heel cogs and toc cogs) are made of such a
form that they can he produced cheaply and they will be perfectly secure when
fixed to the shoes and they are effectually prevented from breaking in the shoes or
working loose and they can be very readily fixed to or removed from the shoes
when required for the purpose of renewal of or changing them for heel cogs and
toe cogs having wearing parts of a different form according to the state of the
roads over which the horse or other draft animal is required to travel.
I will describe my invention by referring to the accompanying drawing on
which
Fig. 1 represents a horse shoe made according to this invention fitted with my
improved roughing cogs fixed to the heel and toe of the same;
Fig. 2 shews the same shoe without the roughing cogs ;
Fig. 3 is a separate view of one of the heel roughing cogs of the shoe shewn by
Fig. 1;
Fig. is a separate view of the toe cog of the shoe shewn by Fig. 1;
Fig. 5 shews another form of roughing cog for use in the heels of the shoe
shewn by Figs. 1 and 2, and
Fig. 6 is a separate view of another form of roughing cog for use in the toe part
of the shoe shewn by Figs. 1 and 2; and
Fig. 7 shows an alternative arrangement of my invention.
In carrying out my invention I make a taper dovetailed cross slot A in each of
the heel calks B, that is to say, the top a' of each cross slot A is wider than the
open bottom of the same, one or both of the sides a² of the cross slot A inclining
downwardly and making the open bottom of the cross slot narrower than the top a
and each of the slots A is also made slightly taper from end to end, that is to say,
each cross slot is rather wider at one end than at the other. This will be clear by an
examination of Figs. 1, 2 and 7 of the drawing where it will be seen that the cross
slots A are each slightly narrower at the inner ends marked X than at their outer
ends Y. This peculiar taper dovetailed form of the cross slots A is for the purpose
of holding the roughing cogs C when driven endwise therein as hereinafter
described. These roughing cogs C1 make of a taper dovetailed form to correspond
with the shape and size of the taper dovetailed cross slots A, that is to say, the top
part el of each of the roughing cogs C is made of the same width as the top
part a' of the slot A and the sides of the roughing cog C inclined slightly towards
each other corresponding with the inclined sides a" of the slot A and the roughing
cog C is also made taper or wedge shaped from end to end so as to fit tightly in
the slot. A when driven therein. That part of the roughing cog C which
projects below the calk B is made chisel shaped or of other form as are other
roughing cogs.

page_text: To fix one of the roughing cogs C in the heel calk B the narrower end of the
roughing cog C is inserted in the wide end of the cross slot A and then driven
therein so that it will occupy the position shewn in Fig. 1 and then in order to
prevent the roughing cog working end wise out of the cross slot a split cotter such
as D or a split piu or peg or screw or the like is inserted in the transverse hole c¹
in the smaller end of the roughing cog C (which latter is made as shewn to project
beyond the side of the calk) and thus the roughing cog C is firmly secured. When
it is desired to remove one of the roughing cogs C the split cotter D or the screw
or peg has to be first removed from the hole and then the roughing cog can
readily be driven out of the cross slot A by being struck in the direction indicated
by the arrows in Fig. 1. The roughing cogs shewn by Figs. 1, 3 and 7 are as well
known suitable for use in frosty weather or on asphalt but when desired these frost
cogs can readily be removed from the shoe and replaced by blunt cogs such as that
shewn by Fig. 5 which has a shank part e made of a dovetailed taper or wedge
form corresponding with the cross slot A. The cross slot A in the heel calks may
either be arranged across the shoe as in Figs. 1 and 2 or longitudinally from heel
to toe as in Fig, 7.
I make a taper dovetailed cross slot A' in the toe calk B₁ of the shoe of similar
shape to the taper dovetailed cross slot A in the heel calks and to fit into this
slot A in the toe calk B¹ I provide a toe cog C such as shewn in Figs. 1 and 4
having the part which fits in the slot A' made of a correspondingly dovetailed
taper or wedge like form so as to drive endwise into the cross slot A and provided
with a cross hole for the transverse split cotter D or for a peg or pin to pass
through to prevent the toe cog C moving end wise out of the slot A similarly as
above described with reference to the heel cogs C.
Fig. 6 shews another form of toe cog made with a blunt wearing surface and
made according to this invention with a taper dovetailed part C adapted to fit into
the taper dovetailed slot A¹ in the toe calk B¹.
It will be evident that without departing from the nature of my invention the
wearing parts of the heel cogs C or the toe cog C¹ can be made of various other
forms than those shewn so long as the part which fits into the taper dovetailed
cross slot is made of the taper dovetailed form above described. It will also be
evident that if desired instead of a cross slot being made in the heel calks and in
the toe calk the cross slots in the heel calks or the cross slot in the toe calk may be
omitted when it is desired for the shoe to be provided with heel cogs only or with a
toe cog only.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what 1
claim is :-
1. The herein described improvement in shoes for horses and other draft animals
to facilitate the fixing of roughing cogs to the said shoes, the said improvement
consisting in making the said shoe with a dovetailed cross slot in each of the heel
calks and in the toe calk, or in the heel calks only, or in the toe calk only, to
engage with the roughing cog, such dovetailed cross slot or dovetailed cross slots
being also made taper from end to end to enable the roughing cog to be fixed to
the slot by being driven endwise therein or to be driven out of the slot substantially
as hereinbefore set forth.
2. In combination with the improved shoes for horses and other draft animals
nade with taper dovetailed cross slots in the calks as denoted under Claim 1, the
employment of taper dovetailed heel cogs and toe cogs driven end wise in the said
taper dovetailed cross slots and there secured by the peculiar taper dovetailed
formation of the slots and cogs and by a cross peg pin or the like passing through
the cog to prevent the cog moving endwise out of the cross slot, substantially as
herein before set forth.
3. Roughing cogs for horse shoes and for other like shoes made of the improved

page_text: taper dovetailed form substantially as hereinbefore set forth and shewn so as to fix
in taper dovetailed cross slots in the calks of the shoes when driven endwise therein
as hereinbefore set forth.
Dated this 28th day of June 1894.
CHARLES BOSWORTH KETLEY,
Agent for the Applicant.