Improvements in Perambulators and other such like Carriages.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Oct., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 29th Mar., 1892-Accepted, 30th Ap.,
1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Perambulators and other such like Carriages.
I, LEON L'HOLLIER, of Bath Passage, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick
Perambulator Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of my said invention to
be as follows:-
My invention has for its object improvements in perambulators and other such
like carriages and refers in particular to the mode of constructing the framework
for supporting the bodies of such carriages and the suspension of the same from
the framework as well as the handle and other adjacent parts the object being to
give maximum elasticity with perfect safety and stability at a minimum cost in
production.
In connecting the axles of such carriages I use in one form a framework of
metal whether wrought or cast whether steel or iron or malleable cast-iron so
constructed that the body of the metal concentrates at a centre between the points
of attachment to the axles the points of attachment radiating from this centre to
the four or other number of points of attachments to the axles. The U-frame
which carries the body may consist of one broad piece of metal, iron, or steel,
attached to this bottom frame at the centre thereof or at the extremities. This
U-frame is carried up in one single piece and bent over outwardly at the top of
each wing at about right angles and the handles for manipulating the carriage are
secured to these ears from the bottom by either stout wood or coach screws or
bolts may be carried through the hand with a plate to finish at the top side of the
handle and cover caps or nuts used so as to bind the two very tightly together.
The part of the handle coming upon the ears of the U-piece would be fastened
to make the junction secure or the cars might be hollowed to suit the circle of the
handle. The ears may also be beaten out thin or the section of the U-piece may
be so broad as to give a sufficient foundation and strength without thinning.
Underneath the handle on either side the centre at two parallel portions corre-
sponding with the centre enlargement I place two plate or other staples underneath
or near the bottom or inside to which the connections for attaching and suspending
the body are fastened. These suspenders may be formed by a metallic band of
metal carried round in the form of a link with the two eyes filled up with india
rubber or other soft or elastic material to form the connections and to give a
limited amount of elasticity or two rods may be attached connected with a centre
spring encased the spring being formed by either alternate discs of india-rubber or
other springs or two blocks of rubber may be used in connection with the piston
rods attached to the body and handle or rods may be attached to a link formed by
a casing of metal filled up with rubber having two holes therein for the links. The
connections for suspension may also be formed with leather straps buckled to the
staples or direct to the handles the opposite ends being attached to corresponding
staples fixed upon the body of the carriages in such a manner as to be parallel
with the handle. The ends of the U-frame may also be formed into a socket with
ears for screws either at the top or sides or a separate junction piece in the form
of an ornamental casting or stamping may be fastened to each wing of the U-frame
to attach to the handle and this junction may either be made to attach to the

page_text: centre or to the centre and ends and either direct to the handle or with inter-
mediate washers or pieces between. The end of the U-frame may also finish with
a single screw junction piece to couple to a corresponding plate sunk into the handle
of the carriage with substantial shoulders meeting each other for firmness which is
a most simple mode or this screw may be formed upon the end of the U-piece
with a separate junction piece.
I may if I choose use two U-pieces either going the whole length or only a part
of the length and these U-pieces may be connected direct to the axle without a
foundation frame and they may run side by side or they may cross each other to
prevent twisting strains upon the axles. These foundation frames may be like a
double T-piece cranked, or an H-piece cranked when the back and front wheels
are différent diameters as they usually are. The U-frames may be made of more
than one thickness if desired but my claim refers specially to frames of one thickness
and broad and thin as the greatest economy of metal is thereby obtained with
maximum strength. The handles may be made from tubes or partly from tubes
at the centre to form a socket or sockets into which the handles are fitted. My
suspenders may also be formed by chains connected to india-rubber or other junctions
at the handle and the body of the carriage. These junctions and couplings may
or may not be plated according to the quality or price of the carriage. I also
sometimes form the U-frame at each wing into a square socket with a corresponding
square handle to fit therein. One very neat link I use is formed of cat-gut with
ferrule links at each end to form the connections between the handles and the body
of the carriage. The U-frame may be made to rise at the centre between the
axles into a bridge or arched or curve shaped so as to give elasticity and an
improved appearance to the same. The U-frame may also be also be formed of one
piece of round or other sectioned metal carried under the body over the axles in
a double form & the two ends welded or otherwise so connected as to form a double
U-piece which makes a light and pretty underframe.
Another very good mode of obtaining an exceedingly strong, simple & effective
underframe is to make the frame from one piece of metal which is wide enough
at the centre or bottom of the U to sufficiently embrace the two axles to tie them
firmly together by rivets or bolts say two or three to each axles. The plate would
then become narrower at each end around the bend up to near the handle when it
would widen out sufficiently to form a good foundation to which the handle would
be secured. The advantage of this mode is that there is only one member to form
the underframe & there is no liability of parts working loose or moving out of
place and maximum lightness is by this means effected. The centre part may be
greatly lightened out if desired without materially interfering with the strength.
Also in the case of a cast foundation frame as herein before set forth, I may cast
pins into the castings at the junctions to pass through the axles.
Dated this 19th day of October 1901
GEORGE BARKER,
77, Colmore Row, Birmingham, Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Perambulators and other such like Oarriages..
I, LEON L'HOLLIER of Bath Passage, Birmingham in the County of Warwick,
Perambulator Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention has for its object improvements in perambulators and other such
like carriages of the kind patented by Simpson & Fawcett on application
No. 56 A.D. 1887 and refers in particular to the mode of constructing the frame-
work for supporting the bodies of such carriages and the suspension of the same
from the framework as well as the handle and other adjacent parts the object being

page_text: to give maximum elasticity with perfect safety and stability at a minimum cost in
production.
In connecting the axles of such carriages I use in one form a framework of metal
whether wrought or cast whether steel or iron or malleable cast iron so constructed
that the body of the metal concentrates at a centre between the points of attach-
ment to the axles the points of attachment radiating from this centre to the four
or other number of points of attachments to the axles. The U-frame which
carries the body may consist of one broad piece of metal, iron, or steel, attached
to this bottom frame at the centre thereof or at the extremities. This U-frame is
carried up in one single piece and bent over outwardly at the top of each wing at
about right angles and the handles for manipulating the carriage are secured to
these ears from the bottom by either stout wood or coach screws or bolts may be
carried through the hand with a plate to finish at the top side of the handle and
cover caps or nuts used so as to bind the two very tightly together. The part of
the handle coming upon the ears of the U-piece would be fastened to make the
junction secure or the ears might be hollowed to suit the circle of the handle.
The ears may also be beaten out thin or the section of the U-piece may be so
broad as to give a sufficient foundation and strength without thinning. Underneath
the handle on either side the centre at two parallel portions corresponding with
the centre enlargement I place two plates or other staples underneath or near the
bottom or inside to which the connections for attaching and suspending the body
are fastened. These suspenders may be formed by a metallic band of metal
carried round in the form of a link with the two eyes filled up with india-rubber or
other soft or elastic material to form the connections and to give a limited
amount of elasticity or two rods may be attached connected with a centre spring
encased the spring being formed by either alternate discs of india-rubber or other
springs or two blocks of rubber may be used in connection with the piston rods
attached to the body and handle or rods may be attached to a link formed by a
casing of metal filled up with rubber having two holes therein for the links.
The connections for suspension may also be formed with leather straps buckled
to the staples or direct to the handles the opposite ends being attached to corre-
sponding staples fixed upon the body of the carriages in such a manner as to be
parallel with the handle. The ends of the U-frame may also be formed into a
socket with ears for screws either at the top or sides or a separate junction piece
in the form of an ornamental casting or stamping may be fastened to each wing of
the U-frame to attach to the handle and this junction may either be made to attach
to the centre or to the centre & ends and either direct to the handle or with
intermediate washers or pieces between. The end of the U-frame may also finish
with a single screw junction piece to couple to a corresponding plate sunk into the
handle of the carriage with substantial shoulders meeting each other for firmness
which is a most simple mode or this screw may be formed upon the end of the
U-piece with a separate junction piece.
I may if I choose use two U-pieces either going the whole length or only a part
of the length and these U-pieces may be connected direct to the axle without a
foundation frame and they may run side by side or they may cross each other to
prevent twisting strains upon the axles. These foundation frames may be
cranked when the back and front wheels are different diameters as they usually
are. The U-frames may be made of more than one thickness if desired, but
my claim refers specially to frames of one thickness and broad and thin as
the greatest economy of metal is thereby obtained with maximum strength.
The handles may be made from tubes or partly from tubes at the centre to
form a socket or sockets into which the handles are fitted. My suspenders may
also be formed by chains connected to india rubber or other junctions at the
handle and the body of the carriage. These junctions and couplings may or
may not be plated according to the quality or price of the carriage. I also
sometimes form the U-frame at each wing into a square socket with a corre-
sponding square handle to fit therein. One very neat link I use is formed of

page_text: Figure 27, is a view of a part of a carriage.
Figure 28, shews one form of elevation of the U-frame.
Figure 29, shews another form of section of the frame.
Figure 30, also shews another form of section of the frame.
In connecting the axles A of carriages such as shewn by Figure 1, I use in one
form a framework F of metal whether wrought or cast whether steel or iron or
malleable cast iron so constructed that the body of the metal concentrates at the
centre with the points radiating from the centre to the four or other number
of points of attachment to the axles A. The frame E which carries the body may
consist of the one broad piece of metal iron or steel E which is attached to the
bottom_frame F by the bolts or rivets for in other suitable manner. The
frame E is carried up in one single piece and may be bent over outwardly as shewn
at e Figure 3 and Figures 5, 6, 14 and 15 the handles H for manipulating the
carriage being secured to these cars e from the bottom by either stout wood or
coach screws or bolts e³ Figures 4, 5 and 6, may be carried through the handle
with or without a plate upon the top side and nuts e Figure 6 used so as to bind
the two very tightly together. The part of the handle H coming upon the ears of
the frame E when round is flattened to make the junction secure or the ears el may
be hollowed rounded or shaped to fit the handle H. The ears e¹ may also be beaten
out thin as shewn by Figure 6 or the frame F may be broad enough to give
sufficient foundation for the substantial fixing of the handle. Upon the handle at
each side the centre I fix two plates or other staples K such as shewn by Figures 17
and 18 or k¹ and in Figure 4 to any of which the connections for attaching and
suspending the body are fastened. The suspenders S may be formed in various
ways as for instance as shewn by Figures 19 and 20 in which two rods are
attached one to the body B and the other to the handle H with the intermediate
elastic rubber rings which act as buffers and which are encased with the cover &
having the caps s or the suspender may be formed with the metallic band carried
around in the form of a link with the two eyes filled in with the india rubber **
through which the links which are attached to the body and handle pass so as to
give a limited amount of elasticity or rods & may be attached to the link Figures 21
and 22 which link is formed of a casing of metal & filled in with indiarubber s
having one or two holes for the rods. The connections between the handle and
body may also be formed with leather straps S either attached to staples as shewn
in Figure 4 or direct to the handle as shewn in Figure 1 the opposite ends being
attached to corresponding staples fixed upon the body A. The suspenders S may
also be formed by chains connected to india rubber or other junctious at the handle
and the body of the carriage. These junctions and couplings may or may not be
plated according to the quality or price of the carriage. My suspending link may
also be formed of cat gut as shewn by Figures 25 and 26 in which the ferrules fo
are provided at each end to receive the connection between the handle and the
body of the carriage. The ends of the frame E may be formed into the socket
shewn in Figure 11 with ears for screws either at the top or sides or a separate
junction piece in the form of an ornamental casting or stamping may be fastened to
each wing of the frame E to attach to the handle H and this junction may either
be made to attach to the centre or to the centre and ends and either direct to the
handle or with intermediate washers or pieces between. The end of the frame E
may also finish with a single screw junction piece Figure 16 for coupling to a
corresponding plate h¹ sunk into the handle of the carriage and this screw may
be formed upon the end of the frame E or with a separate junction piece as shewn.
may if I choose use two frame pieces E either going the whole length or only a
part of the length and these pieces E may be connected direct to the axle without
a foundation frame or they may be connected to the foundation frame and they
may run parallel side by side or they may cross each other to prevent twisting
strains upon the axles. The handles H may be made from tubes or partly from
tubes at the centre to form a socket or sockets into which the handles are fitted and
I

page_text: the frame E may be split and bent over into a socket to receive the handle as
shewn at Figure 13. The frame E may be made to rise at the centre between the
axles into a bridge or arched or curve shape as shewn by dotted lines e in Figure 7
which gives extra elasticity and an improved appearance. The frame E may also
be formed of one piece as shewn by Figures 7, 8, and 9 being of round or other
sectional metal and carried under the body over the axles in a double form and the
two ends welded or otherwise so connected as to form a double frame as shewn.
Another mode of obtaining an exceedingly strong simple and effective underframe
is to form the frame M Figure 10 of one piece of metal which is wide enough at
the centre or bottom of the frame to embrace the two axles A on the wheels W
and thus tie them firmly together by the rivets or bolts m¹. The plate M would
then be formed narrower at each end around the bend up to each handle H when
it would widen out to form a sufficiently good foundation for receiving the handle
the advantage of this arrangement being that there is only one member M to form
the under-frame and there is no liability of the parts working loose or moving.
The centre part may have perforations m³ for lightness or it may be otherwise
lightened without materially interfering with the strength also in the case of a cast
foundation frame as hereinbefore set forth I may cast pins with the casting at the
junctions to pass through the axles. The frame E may be formed of malleable iron
as shewn by Figure 27 in which case the section may be of double T, H or
U section as shewn by Figure 28, 29, and 30 the top being provided with the
flange e to receive the handle H while the body may be suspended by the curled
springs shewn on Figure 27.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that I am aware of the
Specifications of a prior Patent No. 56 of 1887 granted to Simpson & Fawcett and
I make no claim to anything which is described or claimed therein, but, what I
claim is :-
1st: In improvements in perambulators and such other like carriages the
underframe F, substantially as herein set forth and illustrated by Figures 1, 2,
and 3.
2nd: In improvements in perambulators and such other like carriages the
frame M substantially as herein set forth and illustrated by Figure 10.
3rd: In improvements in perambulators and such other like carriages the
frame E substantially as herein described and illustrated by Figures 7, 8, & 9.
4th: In improvements in perambulators and such like carriages the frame E
substantially as herein described and illustrated by Figures 27, 28, 29, & 30.
5th: In improvements in perambulators and such like carriages the mode of
and means for connection between the frame E and handle H substantially such as
herein described and illustrated by Figures 4, 5, 6, and 11 to 16 inclusive.
6th: In improvements in perambulators and such like carriages the suspenders S,
substantially such as herein described and illustrated by Figures 19 to 27
inclusive.
Dated this 28th day of March 1892.