IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED FOR FILTERING THE AIR AND PREVENTING DUST OR OTHER FOREIGN MATTER FROM PASSING INTO ROOMS OR APARTMENTS THROUGH AIR-SUPPLYING MEDIUMS, ALSO IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR ADMITTING INTO AND DIFFUSING THE AIR IN SUCH ROOMS OR APARTMENTS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Anthony Robinson Harding and Joseph William Harding,
both of Leeds, in the County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED FOR FILTERING THE AIR AND PREVENTING DUST
OR OTHER FOREIGN MATTER FROM PASSING INTO ROOMS OR APARTMENTS
THROUGH AIR-SUPPLYING MEDIUMS, ALSO IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR
ADMITTING INTO AND DIFFUSING THE AIR IN SUCH ROOMS OR APARTMENTS."
Sealed the 13th December 1878, and dated the 14th October 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Anthony Robinson Harding
and Joseph William Harding at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on
the 14th October 1878.
ANTHONY ROBINSON HARDING and JOSEPH WILLIAM HARDING, both of Leeds,
in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MEANS EMPLOYED FOR FIL-
TERING THE AIR AND PREVENTING DUST OR OTHER FOREIGN MATTER FROM
PASSING INTO ROOMS OR APARTMENTS THROUGH AIR-SUPPLYING MEDIUMS, ALSO
IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR ADMITTING INTO AND DIFFUSING THE AIR IN SUCH
ROOMS OR APARTMENTS."
Firstly. The primary object of our Invention is to render the air that passes into
the rooms or apartments through air passages free from dust or other foreign matter
or matters.
The mode of applying our improvements is as hereafter described. Heretofore,
several attempts have been made, and apparatus devised for preventing dust and
other foreign matter or matters entering the apartment through various air-
supplying systeins, such as dust or other foreign matter or matters passing into the
room or apartment in combination with the atmospheric air. In order to prevent
this, we provide a frame or frames, having stretched within it or them, on it or
them, to a convenient tightness, canvas, or other suitable material; this frame,
instead of being placed in or on the opening at right angles with it, we fix it or
them in a diagonal direction, and by preference, though not necessarily, so resting
Price Bd |

page_text: at or near one end of the opening or tube on one side, and extended to and sup-
ported on the opposite side of the opening or tube at or near the other end; by
this means, a large area of canvas or other porous material can be employed instead
of the very small area of the same material that can be used when placed in a
rectangular position, either on or in the opening or tube.
The filter inay also be placed in the opening or tube in a V form, so as to have a
greater area of canvas.
The angle of the filtering medium of canvas or other substance may be varied in
accordance with the size of opening or tube, or the amount of air required to pass
through it, and in some cases the canvas or other suitable material may be secured
in a diagonal direction within the opening or tube without the assistance of a
frame.
A similar arrangement of canvas or other porous material (by placing it in a
diagonal direction) may be used in all air passages, without impeding the rush of
air, except in so far as this is necessary.
Secondly. Our Invention has reference to the means employed for so admitting
the air into rooms or apartments, that it is diffused therein almost immediately
after entering, so that no draught is felt by the occupants; at the same time, a
large amount of air is admitted. For this purpose, we provide an opening or air
passage from the exterior to the interior of the room or apartment, and inside the
room or apartment we cover such opening or air passage with a box or chamber.
We perforate the box or chamber with any required number of holes or slots, these
having given to them a diagonal upward direction.
In order to further the desired end of diffusing the air, we fit hollow ferrules or
tubes of any desired length into the holes or slots provided in the box or chamber,
such length varying in accordance with the area of the holes or slots in them; also
the length of the ferrules or tubes has the effect of regulating the distance at which
the air is diffused in the room or apartment. These ferrules or tubes give the
desired direction to the various streams or jets of air in the same manner as the
barrel of a rifle or gun gives direction to projectile, and the elevation of the mouth
or outlet of each ferrule or tube varies the trajectory or line of delivery in the same
manner as the elevation or depression of a rifle or gun.
The box or chamber may, when preferred, be of a conical or pryamidical form so
as to give directions to the ferrules or tubes.
The filters herein-before mentioned may be applied to this apparatus, also a stop
valve of any convenient form may be used for regulating the supply of air.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Anthony Robinson Harding and Joseph William Harding in tho
Great Seal Patent Office on the 20th December 1878.
ANTHONY ROBINSON HARDING and JOSEPH WILLIAM HARDING, both of Leeds,
in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED FOR FIL-
TERING THE AIR AND PREVENTING DUST OR OTHER FOREIGN MATTER FROM
PASSING INTO ROOMS OR APARTMENTS THROUGH AIR-SUPPLYING MEDIUMS, ALSO
IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR ADMITTING INTO AND DIFFUSING THE AIR IN SUCH
ROOMS OR APARTMENTS."
One important object of our Invention is to render the air that passes into the
rooms or apartments through air passages free from dust or other foreign matter or
matters. It will also enable currents of air to be introduced into places that require
to be ventilated in a properly diffused state, and at suitable points, so that under
all circumstances, efficient ventilation may be secured without the attendance of
inconvenient draughts.
The mode of applying our improvements is as hereafter described. Heretofore
various attempts have been made, and apparatus devised for preventing dust and
other foreign matter or matters entering places intended to be ventilated, in com-
bination with the introduced currents of atmospheric air. In order to prevent this
we provide a frame or frames, having stretched within it or them, on it or them, to
a convenient tightness, canvas or other suitable material, and instead of placing the
frame or frames in or on the opening at right angles with the direction of the
entering passage as heretofore proposed, we fix it or them in a diagonal direction,
and by preference, though not necessarily, so resting at or near one end of the
opening or tube on one side, and extended to and supported on the opposite side of
the opening or tube at or near the other end. By this means, a large area of
canvas or other porous material can be employed instead of the very small area of
the same material that can be used when placed in a rectangular position, either on
or in the opening or tube.
The filter may also be placed in the opening or tube in a V form, so as to have a
greater area of canvas.
The angle of the filtering medium of canvas or other substance may be varied in
accordance with the size of opening, or tube, or entering passage, or the amount of
air required to pass through it, and in some cases, canvas or other suitable material
may be secured in a diagonal direction within the opening or tube without the
assistance of a frame.
A similar arrangement of canvas or other porous material (by placing it in a
diagonal direction) may be used in all air passages, without impeding the rush of
air, except in so far as this is necessary.
Our Invention has also as above stated reference to the means employed for so
admitting the air into rooms or apartments, that it is diffused therein almost im-
mediately after entering, so that no draught is felt by the occupants; at the same
time, a large amount of air is admitted. For this purpose, we provide an opening
or air passage from the exterior to the interior of the room or apartment, and inside
the room or apartment we cover such opening or air passage with a box or
chamber. We perforate the box or chamber with any required number of holes or
slots, these having given to them a diagonal upward direction.
In order to further the desired end of diffusing the air, we fit hollow ferrules or
tubes of any desired length into the holes or slots provided in the box or chamber,
such length varying in accordance with the area of the holes or slots in them; also
the length of the ferrules or tubes has the effect of regulating the distance at which
the air is diffused in the room or apartment. These ferrules or tubes give the
desired direction to the various streams or jets of air in the same manner as the
barrel of a rifle or gun gives direction to projectiles, and the elevation of the mouth

page_text: Fig. 1 represents a longitudinal section of one arrangement of filter.
Fig. 2, a longitudinal section of air-diffusing apparatus, and a modification of
filter. Fig. 3, a front elevation of the same.
Fig. 4, shews a part section and side elevation; and Fig. 5, a front elevation of
air-diffusing apparatus as applied for cellar ventilation.
Fig. 6, a part cross section and elevation of diffusing apparatus as applied to
pillars or columns.
In Fig. 1a is the opening or air passage in which the filter is placed, consisting
of a frame b, having a canvas c stretched thercon or within it.
Instead of the canvas c, other porous or perforated material may be used; but in
practice we find coarse canvas the best for this purpose.
The frame b containing the canvas c, or other porous or perforated material,
instead of being placed across the opening or air passage at d or e at right angles
therewith (which would have the effect of retarding the air), we fix in a diagonal
direction, as shewn, and by preference, though not necessarily so, resting at or near
one end of the opening or air passage at f, and extended to and supported on the
opposite side of the opening or air passage at g. By this arrangement of filter it
will be readily understood that a large area of canvas or other porous or perforate
material can be employed instead of the very small area of the same material that
can be used when placed in a rectangular position either on or in the opening or air
passage.
The filter may be placed in the opening or air passage in a V form, as shewn at
h, Fig. 2. This arrangement is, by preference, employed only when the air passage
is not of sufficient length to admit of the arrangement shewn at Fig. 1.
It will be understood that the angle of the filtering medium may be varied in
accordance with the size or opening of the air passage; also, that in some cases the
canvas or other porous or perforated material c may be secured in a diagonal
direction within the opening or tube without the assistance of the frame b; also,
that this arrangement of filter may be applied to any opening, air passage, or
tube.
The second part of our Invention has reference to the means employed for so
admitting air into rooms or apartments, that it is diffused therein almost immedi-
ately after entering, so that no draught is felt by the occupants, at the same time a
large amount of air is admitted.
One arrangement of the apparatus and mode of applying the same is shewn at
Figs. 2 and 3, in which i is an opening or air passage through wall j, such air
passage being from the exterior to the interior of the room or apartment, and inside
the room or apartment we cover the opening or air passage i with a box or chamber
k; this box or chamber k, when preferred, may be of a conical or pyramidical

page_text: shape. We perforate the box or chamber k with any required number of holes l,
these having given to them an upward diagonal direction, as shewn. And in order
to further the desired end of diffusing the air, we fit into those holes the hollow
tubes or ferrules m of any desired length, such length varying in accordance with
the size or area of the holes 2. The length and area of the ferrules or hollow tubes
m have the effect of regulating the distance at which the air is diffused into the
room or apartment, and also of giving the desired direction to the various streams
or jets of air, in the same manner as the barrel of a rifle or gun gives direction to
projectiles, and the elevation of the mouth or outlet of each ferrule or tube m varies
the trajectory or line of delivery in the same manner as the elevation or depression
of the muzzle of a rifle or gun.
A further application of our diffusing apparatus is shewn at Figs. 4 and 5, and is
applicable more especially when it is necessary to bring the air downwards into a
roon or apartment, as is the case in cellars.
The arrangement of box or chamber is very similar to that described for
Figs. 2 and 3; but the opening or air passage o is connected with the box or cham-
ber n, as shewn, in order to obtain direct communication with the outer air above
causeway.
Fig. 6 represents the application of our air diffuser to pillars or columns, in
which arrangement the pillar or column p forms a portion of the air passage which
is continued to the exterior by means of tubing q of ordinary construction. The
box or chamber r may be either cast on the pillar or column, as shewn at Fig. 6, or
fixed thereon by ordinary means. Openings being formed in the sides of the pillar
or column p direct into the chamber or box r, the air passes through the openings
8 of the chamber or box 7, and direction is given thereto in the same manner as
when ferrules or hollow tubes are employed.
The length of the openings 8, owing to the thickness of material, being sufficient
to give the required direction to the streams or jets of air; and in all other cases
where the material is sufficiently thick to give the required depth of opening,
additional ferrules or tubes may be dispensed with.
The arrows shewn in pillar or column p shew the direction taken by the air
which may be conveyed to upper pillars or columns, to which our air diffuser may
also be applied.
In some cases where it is inconvenient to have the chamber or box of a conical
or pyramidical shape, the holes or openings in the pillars or columns, or box or
chamber, may be cast or bored in an upward diagonal direction, so as to achieve the
desired end of giving the proper direction to the streams or jets of air.
Each of the herein-before described arrangements for admitting and diffusing air
into rooms or apartments may be provided with a stop valve, shewn at t, Fig. 2, u,
Fig. 4, and v, Fig. 6, for regulating and controlling the supply of air.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and described with the
aid of Drawings how the same may be carried into practice, we would have it
understood that we do not limit ourselves to the precise details or configuration of
the parts we have described and shewn, as the saine may be varied or modified
without departing from the nature of our said Invention. Again, we are fully
aware that air has been admitted into rooms or apartments through air passages or
tubes, both vertically, horizontally, and in a diagonal direction, and we therefore
lay no general claim to bringing air into rooms or apartments in such ways, nor
do we claim generally the use of canvas or like materials for filtering currents of
air; but what we do claim and desire to be secured to us by Letters Patent is,―
First. The use of a box or chamber, having therein a number of small holes with
or without ferrules placed therein, for the purpose of admitting and diffusing air in
rooms or apartments in any required upward diagonal direction or directions, con-
structed and applied substantially as herein set forth.
Second. The application of ferrules or short tubes for giving direction to the
ventilating jets of air, substantially as and for purposes herein set forth.
Third. The arrangement, construction, and application of air-filtering surfaces or

page_text: apparatus, substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth, and illustrated at
Figures 1 and 2 of the annexed Drawings.
Fourth. The construction of ventillating passages in pillars, shafts, or walls
connected with the outer air, and provided with apparatus for dividing, and
diffusing, and directing the introduced currents of air, substantially as herein
described, and of which one mode of application is illustrated in Fig. 6 of the
annexed Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said Anthony Robinson Harding and Joseph
William Harding, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Nineteenth
day of December, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-eight
A. R. HARDING.. (L.S.)
J. W. HARDING.
(L.S.)