matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
A RAILWAY BREAK
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Saint Thomas Clarke at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th February 1861.
I, WILLIAM SAINT THOMAS CLARKE, of No. 29, Charing Cross, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A RAILWAY BREAK,"
to be as follows, viz. :-
In intersecting the axle or axles of the driving wheels of locomotives trans-
versely with a current of electricity, and in intersecting the axle or axles of the
locomotive and the axles of the tender and carriages, and the axle or axles of
the locomotive and the axles of the tender and luggage vans, waggons, or
trucks transversely with a single or with separate currents of electricity,
whereby most efficient "grip" or "bite" on the rails will be obtained.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PLOUGHS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lemuel Dow Owen at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th August
1861. A communication from abroad by Martin Buck, of Lebanon,
New Hampshire, United States, Engineer.
I, LEMUEL DOW OWEN, of 481, New Oxford Street, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PLOUGHS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the form of the mould
board, also the arrangement of the coulter in connection with the plough
point. I make the working surface of the mould board in the form of a
section of the interior surface of a hollow cylinder, the centre or axis of said
cylinder being parallel or nearly so horizontally to the base of the mould
board or bottom of the plough. I make the plough point with a coulter or
cutter rising from it nearly perpendicular, of sufficient height to cut or divide
the soil that is to be turned from the land side.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ANTIFRICTION MECHANISM FOR RECEIVING THE END THRUST OF SCREW PROPELLER AND OTHER ROTATING SHAFTS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Suckow and Edward
Habel at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 29th October 1861.
We, EDMUND SUCKOW and EDWARD HABEL, of the City of Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ANTIFRICTION MECHANISM FOR RECEIVING THE
END THRUST OF SCREW PROPELLER AND OTHER ROTATING SHAFTS," to be
as follows:-
Our Invention consists in the application of one, two, (we prefer two) or
more pulleys to receive the end thrust of screw propeller and other rotating
shafts, which pulleys are placed with their axis in suitable bearings at a right
angle to the axis of the shaft. The peripheries of the pulleys come against a
ring collar or other surface formed or fixed on the shaft. The edges of the
pulleys are made half round, and the prepared ring or surface on the shaft
upon which the pulleys act is made flat, or vice versa. Arrangements are
applied for traversing the antifriction pulleys, so that the contact surfaces can
be changed and thus uneven wearing prevented. These arrangements may
be a screw or screws acting either upon the axis of the antifriction pulleys or
the bearings carrying them, and turned by hand when required, or a screw cam
or excentric may be employed geered with the shaft, so as to receive a slow
motion. The pulleys may be placed in a box so that they can be wholly or
partly submerged in oil or other lubricating material.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN RIPLE SIGHTS AND RIPLE SIGHT GUARDS, AND A NEW OR IMPROVED RIPLE CLEANER
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bernard Peard Walker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
October 1861.
I, BERNARD PEARD WALKER, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN RIPLE SIGHTS AND RIPLE SIGHT GUARDS, AND A NEW OR IMPROVED
RIPLE CLEANER," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, in making rifle sights as herein-after explained,
so that in using the rifles to which rifle sights made according to my Invention
are applied, the object aimed at is not concealed, as it is by the lower half of
the ordinary sight.
In making rifle sights according to my Invention, I cut away that part of
the sight situated under the V-shaped or other notch through which the aim
is taken, by which construction the object aimed at is seen underneath the said
notch, that is to say, the said notch, instead of being cut out of a solid piece
or bar of metal, is of a skeleton form. This part of my Invention is applicable
to all kinds of rifle sights, and to the foresights as well as the back sights.
My Invention consists, secondly, of a rifle sight guard made of a strip of
tempered steel. The said strip is bent into a tubular formn, one end of the
said strip being made into an arch. The tubular part springs on the end of
the rifle barrel, and the arched part covers the fixed sight. By means of a
slight projecting tongue cut in the tubular part, and near the arched part,
the said tubular part can be readily sprung open so far as to permit of its
ready removal from the barrel.

page_text: My Invention consists, thirdly, of a rifle cleaner constructed as follows:-
The said rifle cleaner resembles the ordinary rifle cleaner, excepting that at
its acting part it carries a tubular piece of vulcanized india-rubber held by its
middle. The free ends of the said tubular piece of vulcanized india-rubber
expand during use similar to the manner in which the cupped leather of a
pump bucket expands, and the cleaning of the rifle is thereby more effectually
accomplished than by rifle cleaners of the ordinary construction.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Caunce at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th August
1861.
I, ROBERT CAUNCE, of the Town and County of the Town of Nottingham,
Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CARDING ENGINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in passing a stripping bar, suitably clothed with wire,
under the tops or flats of carding engines for the purpose of stripping them.
The blank side of the stripping bar is fitted at each end with an adjustable
concave or other formed slide, which moves or slides on a plain or grooved
are concentric with the main carding cylinder shaft, and is fitted on the sides
or bends of the carding engine. The upper or stripping side of the stripping
bar is fitted at each end with an adjustable incline or curved elevator for
raising the tops in such wise as to enable the stripping bar to pass under to
strip them. The stripper bar after passing from under the tops is carried
over them by a suitable chain towards the top first stripped, and during its
passage is itself stripped by the segment of a roller suitably covered with wire,
and this segment during its backward motion is "doffed" by a comb.
In applying the Invention to the hand-stripped carding engine, it may be
desirable to connect the tops or flats with suitable links, so as to prevent them
getting out of position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIPS AND OTHER PUMPS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Morgan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th April
1861.
I, EDWARD MORGAN, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SHIPS AND OTHER PUMPS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an improved construction of lifting and forcing
pump, and to improvements in working the same, by which a continuous
stream of water is discharged, and in which the valves are so placed or
arranged that they can be easily examined, although they cannot become
choked or damaged by sand, grain, ores, or any of the substances which so
often endanger and cause loss of life at sea and elsewhere. The suction pipe,
which may be fitted with a check valve near the bottom, is carried upwards to a
height not lower than the bottom of the working barrel, the top is closed by a
lid underneath, which, with sufficient lift is a valve resting on a seating; just
over this "bottom box" valve, when at rest, is a lateral opening or passage into
an intermediate pipe or chamber, which has two openings into the working
barrel, the one near the bottom, the other towards the top, say, on a level with
the discharge pipe; in lift pumps this intermediate pipe or chamber is fitted
with a valve placed between the inlet and upper outlet. The working barrel
may be fitted with any of the ordinary valves, and when used in connection
with the parts just described, will discharge a continuous stream of water or
other liquid. When used as a "force pump," I dispense with the ordinary

page_text: stuffing box, and use a clamped piece of india-rubber or other flexible material
fastened to the piston or spear rod, and to the top of the working barrel. The
valves in the suction and intermediate pipes are formed similar to a shuttle-
cock, the feathers being made of metal. In working a pair of pumps, say, on
board ship, I place the levers fore and aft, and use an excentric motion, the
pump rods being guided by links or rocking spindles, by which means I gain
space on deck where it is much required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR APPLYING THE POWER OF HORSES OR OTHER ANIMALS TO DRIVE MILLS OR OTHER MACHINES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Patterson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th July
1861.
I, JOHN PATTERSON, of Beverley, in the County of York, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR APPLYING THE POWER OF HORSES OR OTHER ANIMALS TO DRIVE
MILLS OR OTHER MACHINES," to be as follows:-
I mount a mill or other machine upon a carriage with travelling wheels, so
as to be portable, and so that when the carriage is connected to a fixed centre
attached to the ground or floor on the place where the machinery is used, and
is moved round such fixed centre in a circle by any animal or animals yoked
to the carriage, the mill or other machine is driven by the action of the
travelling wheels.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COVERING CRINOLINE WIRE AND OTHER LIKE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Beesley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th October
1861.
I, JOHN BEESLEY, of Coventry, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COVERING CRINOLINE WIRE AND OTHER
LIKE SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to covering crinoline wire and other like substances, in
looms ordinarily used in weaving ribbons and other like fabrics, for which
purpose I construct a reed or slay to be used in such looms, which permits the
crinoline wire, or other substance to pass horizontally through the slay, the dents
of the slay being intercepted, and their ends, where intercepted, lodged in bars
crossing from side to side of the slay, through which bars the crinoline wire or
other substance is passed in the process of covering. I then impart an upward
movement to the slay while the shuttle passes through the under shed.
MENTS IN THE DOUBLE-LIFT JACQUARD MACHINE, AS APPLICABLE TO POWER LOOMS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gaylard Hadwen at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th January
1861.
I, GAYLARD HADWEN, of Audenshaw, in the County of Lancaster, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE
MENTS IN THE DOUBLE-LIFT JACQUARD MACHINE, AS APPLICABLE TO POWER LOOMS,"
to be as follows:-
Instead of employing one card cylinder and one set of hooks and needles, as
hitherto adopted, I employ two card cylinders and two spring boxes, and one
set of hooks and needles, each card cylinder working half the hooks and half
the needles. The cards instead of having two picks on each card, and each
card working twice, I put only one pick on each card, and work them
alternately, whereby I am enabled to work at a greater speed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DIGGING OR TURNING UP SOIL, MOWING, REAPING, AND OTHER AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Firth, of Burley, in the Borough of Leeds,
in the County of York, Merchant, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR DIGGING OR TURNING UP SOIL, MOWING, REAPING, AND OTHER
AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES."
Sealed the 14th February 1862, and dated the 19th August 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Firth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th August 1861.
I, WILLIAM FIRTH, of Burley, in the Borough of Leeds, in the County of
York, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DIGGING OR TURNING UP SOLL, MOWING,
REAPING, AND OTHER AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in an arrangement of a series of picks for digging, or
knives or cutters for mowing or reaping, worked by springs. The springs are
regulated by wheels, or cylinders and tappets, or other suitable mechanical
contrivances, so that, being coiled or drawn up by the wheels or cylinders,
they are liberated by the tappets so as to act upon the digger, and thus
produce one stroke of it, or more than one stroke, at each action of the spring
knife or cutter, which is repeated in the same manner so as to produce a
successive series of strokes. The number of the diggers may be increased or
diminished to any extent which may be found convenient in practice, and the

page_text: machinery may be driven by either steam, horse, or any other motive power.
Moreover, the arrangement of the machinery may be easily adapted to give
the-digger, cutter, or knife either a sweeping or curvilinear stroke, or a straight
or direct stroke, as may be required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING CARRIAGES ON COMMON ROADS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Louis Paraire at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th May
1861.
I, EDWARD LOUIS PARAIRE, Architect and Surveyor, of 52, Rathbone Place,
London, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING CARRIAGES ON
COMMON ROADS," to be as follows:-
I propose effecting the propulsion by means of wooden or other blocks,
securely attached, bolted, or fixed to an iron shoe or patten receiving a back-
wards and forwards movement by a rod worked by an excentric or cam fixed
on a shaft set in motion by a steam engine or other mechanical contrivance; to
such rod is attached the patten or shoe above described. I also propose that such
Invention should further consist of a second combination of excentrics or cams
fixed on another shaft, to which excentrics or cams is attached a spring rod,
the extremity of which is also connected with the patten or shoe, the purpose
of which is intended to elevate or lower the said patten or shoe, and to produce
thereon a downward elastic pressure. I contemplate that two or more excen-
trics fixed on a shaft and acting at different movements will, by the action
exerted on the road, produce the movement of propulsion. Therefore, two
combinations being employed produce one a forward, the other a backward
movement of the whole. To prevent any sudden jerk caused by the uneven
surface of the road, the bearing or plumb blocks in which the shafts carrying
the excentrics or cams revolve, are pressed downwards by springs or other

page_text: elastic substance. I further propose that the whole apparatus by a lever or
other mechanical contrivance should be elevated above the surface of the road,
by which means either the forward or backward movement can be brought
into immediate action. By this arrangement the apparatus may be worked
jointly with the wheels carrying the general machinery, or may be worked
separately. The wheels being thrown in or out of gear could therefore be
used as a sustaining or propelling power.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING AND PRINTING TEXTILE MATERIALS AND FABRICS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Hodgson Gratrix at the
Office of the Commissioners. of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th March 1861.
I, ROBERT HODGSON. GRATRIX, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster,
Dyer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN DYEING AND PRINTING TEXTILE MATERIALS AND FABRICS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the dyeing and printing of colors derived from
aniline, naphthaline, nitro-benzine, cinchonine, and analogous substances. I
find that a fast color may be produced by passing cloth prepared with
stannate of soda or other suitable mordant through a thickened solution of
tannin, and after the ordinary dyeing subjecting it to the action of steam.
When washed and dried from gum, it may then be dyed with colors derived
from such substances as aforesaid. Or cloth or yarn prepared as before
described may be padded through an acid or other solution of a compound of
tannin and the color intended to be used. I have also found that mixed
fabrics of cotton and worsted may be dyed on a more simple method than that
employed at present, which involves two processes of dyeing by passing the
cloth through soap after the preparation of shumach or other such agent. In
dyeing worsted I have found that the preparation known as "chemic" enables
the material to receive a faster and better color. In printing I have found
that if a suitable "reserve" be printed upon the cloth prepared with stannate of
soda, and afterwards be passed through a solution of galls, or printed or padded
with the same, and afterwards steamed or not, as the "reserve may admit, and

page_text: then dyed and cleaned, the parts reserved will be white. A combination of
oleic acid and tin may also be formed, which will, act as a mordant for these
colors. Or a mixture of fustic, bark, or like substance with tannin may be
printed upon cloth prepared with tin or other suitable mordant, and then be
dyed with blue or other color prepared from aniline or other such substance as
aforesaid, and green and other colors will then be produced. Or a suitable
"discharge" may be printed upon materials dyed or padded according to some
of the methods described. Or a mixture of oxalate of tin and the compound
of tannin, and the color may be printed upon the cloth without preparation.
Or a suitable solution of tin, say, oxalate of tin, may be printed upon cloth
by one roller, and another roller of the same pattern be printed immediately
after, so as to convey tannin, and after steaming and washing be dyed up in
the ordinary way. Or oxalate of tin or other suitable mordant may be printed,
and the material after having been cleaned of gummy matter be dyed with
the compound, of tannin and the color, or with tannin first and the color
afterwards.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BEATING EGGS, AND FOR MIXING OR AGITATING OTHER FLUIDS, COMPOUNDS, OR MATTERS
Year: 1861

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection only.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Turner at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st June
1861.
I, GEORGE TURNER, of Rose Terrace, Brompton, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR BEATING EGGS, AND FOR MIXING OR AGITATING OTHER FLUIDS,
COMPOUNDS, OR MATTERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object more simple arrangements of apparatus for
beating eggs, churning butter, or for mixing, stirring, or agitating other
fluids, compounds, or matters, than those in general use for such purposes.
In carrying out my improvements I employ by preference a rectangular
frame, which is caused to rotate within a suitable vessel or chamber containing
the eggs, batter, milk, or other fluids or materials to be beaten, agitated, or
mixed. The rectangular frame is connected to a pin or axis which turns in a
suitable frame or support, and rotary motion is communicated to the pin or
axis by toothed wheels, or by other convenient mechanical means.
The flat surfaces of the vertical bars of the rectangular rotating frame are
placed at an angle to the outer circumference or sides of the vessel, so that
in their rotation the fluids or contents of the vessel are forced towards the
centre thereof, and I prefer to form or intersect the rectangular frame with one
or several diagonal, horizontal, or angular bars to force or direct the fluids or
materials in different directions. The vessel may be formed with or surrounded

page_text: by a chamber to receive steam, hot water, ice, freezing mixtures, or other
materials as may be required.
If desired, two or more rectangular frames, as above described, may be
arranged to work together in the same vessel.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO THE SHOES OF HORSES AND OTHER SHOD ANIMALS TO PREVENT THEM FROM SLIPPING IN FROSTY WEATHER
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
May 1861. A communication from abroad by Pierre Thiry, of Paris,
France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO THE SHOES OF HORSES AND OTHER SHOD
ANIMALS TO PREVENT THEM FROM SLIPPING IN FROSTY WEATHER," (communicated
to me from abroad by Pierre Thiry, senior, of Paris, France,) to be as
follows:-
This improved apparatus consists of two principal parts, one extending
across the foot, and the other, which I term the toe clip, extending from the
toe backward to unite with the cross piece. The ends of the cross piece are
turned up to embrace the shoe on each side; in the centre is a hollow boss or
collar in which a tapped nut is fitted in such manner as to be capable of being
turned in the collar without liability to become detached therefrom. The toe
piece terminates at front with a rising projection which clips over the toe of
the shoe and the front of the hoof; it is threaded at the end, which extends
backward and enters the threaded nut. The cross piece and the toe piece
carry spikes projecting down, by means of which a good foothold for the
animal on slippery roads is ensured. After applying the cross and toe pieces
and engaging the thread on the back end thereof in the nut, the latter must
be turned to ensure the apparatus remaining fixed until it is desired to
remove it.
AN IMPROVED CHEST EXPANDER
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Sheldon Fitch at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
August 1861.
I, SAMUEL SHELDON FITCH, Doctor of Medicine, of 16, Upper Seymour
Street, Portman Square, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CHEST EXPANDER," to be as
follows:-
My improved chest expander consists of a back piece of canvas or other
suitable material, elastic or otherwise, fitting to the back, and extending from
the neck as low as the hips of the person to which the expander is applied, of
suitable form for the purpose. To the lower part of this back piece is attached
a belt of elastic material encircling the abdomen, for securing the expander to
the waist of the wearer, which is fastened in front by buttons or otherwise, the
effect of the employment of which belt is to bring the back piece to its proper
position on the loins. On each side of the upper part of the back piece is also
attached an elastic strap, which is passed over the shoulder & returning under
the arm is secured by buttoning or otherwise to the back piece, at a little below
the centre of its depth, or in other suitable position. In this way I dispense
with all the ordinary straps, buckles, and tags for attaching the expander to
the waistband of the trousers or drawers, as in ordinary.
This improved expander serves to strengthen and expand the chest and
shoulders, and also to support the back, and I obtain a power of bearing upon
the shoulders backwards & downwards, & thus carry the weight of the
shoulders off the chest with much greater effect than by any other chest

page_text: expander. It also imparts a firm support to the loins; also, with this increased
power, I have less constraint of the shoulders from the elasticity of the material,
while the length of the shoulder loop on the back from the button to the top of
the brace is so great that it prevents any cutting of the loop under the arms,
which is objectionable, and more or less the case with ordinary expanders.
Im- PROVED ARRANGEMENT OF ENGINE FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Smith and Sydney Arthur
Chease at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 15th April 1861.
I, JAMES SMITH, of Seaforth, near Liverpool, in the County of Lan-
caster, Gentleman, and SYDNEY ARTHUR CHEASE, of Liverpool, aforesaid,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVED ARRANGEMENT OF ENGINE FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER,"
to be as follows (that is to say) :-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the parts and in the
arrangement thereof, to be used in the construction of engines made according
to an Invention for which Her most Gracious Majesty was pleased to grant
unto the Inventors Her Royal Letters Patent, bearing date the 14th day of
August 1858, and numbered 1858.
The improved arrangement of the atomic engine consists in attaching two or
more of the primary cylinders, having a communication with each other by
means of a pipe. A cock is attached to the pipe for the purpose of admitting
a fluid. Pistons are fitted to the cylinders. The connecting rods attached to
the pistons are united at right angles on the wheel by means of levers. As the
wheel rotates these levers come into contact with a friction wheel, which forces
the piston down one of the primary cylinders, driving the other piston in an
opposite direction, which is effected by means of the communication pipe con-
necting the two cylinders. A weight may be fixed on the lever, which will
add to the force of gravatic attraction. Each cylinder must be partly filled

page_text: with air, water, mercury, or essential oils. The secondary cylinder is fixed to
the bed of the engine or some other convenient position. The secondary
cylinder has a gland at one end, through which the piston rod passes. A
communication is effected between the two ends of the secondary cylinder by
means of a pipe having a stop-cock. The secondary cylinder is filled with
water or essential oils for regulating the action of the wheel, which is effected
by means of a connecting rod attached to the piston rod at one end and to a
crank or eccentric wheel on the shaft of the engine, at the other end. By
shutting the stop-cock the motion of the engine is stopped, and by partially
turning the stop-cock the speed of the engine is regulated.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CASTERS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Weightman Harrison at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th September 1861.
I, CHARLES WEIGHTMAN HARRISON, of Holland Grove, Brixton, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CASTERS," to be as follows:-
My improvements in the construction of casters consist, first, in making the
bowls, rollers, or wheels of vulcanized india-rubber, by which they are ren-
dered somewhat elastic and noiseless in action. For this purpose the bowl
or roller may be of spherical or other suitable form, and composed wholly or
partly of vulcanized india-rubber, having a metal axis supported and turning
in the horns or frame of the caster in the usual manner, or connected to a
stem or socket of suitable form.
Another part of my Invention consists in making the bowls, rollers, or
wheels of casters wholly or partly (except their axes) of "vulcanite," or other
hard or elastic compound of india-rubber, or of other materials combined
therewith.
My improvements in casters are applicable to furniture, musical instru-
ments, and other articles, where ordinary casters are used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GIMBLETS, AUGERS, AND BRACE BITS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Delacourt Blyth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
July 1861. A communication from abroad by Washington Mears, of
Beekman Street, City of New York, United States of America.
I, FREDERICK DELACOURT BLYTH, of 113, Fenchurch Street, in the City of
London, Metal Broker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GIMBLETS, AUGERS, AND BRACE BITS," to be as follows:-
The improvements relate to that class of tools used by carpenters, ship-
builders, and others called gimblets, augers, brace and bits, and which it
is proposed naming "the adjustable gimblet, auger, and brace bit." It is
well known that the only existing arrangement is to have solid gimblets,
augers, or bits for each size of hole required to be bored, and the improve-
ments consist in so forming the pointed screw or gimblet that cutters of various
sizes can be fixed on the screwed part of the spindle of the gimblet in such
manner as to leave the point and a portion of the screw projecting beyond the
cutter, so that in boring a hole the screw will partly prepare the way for the
cutter. Each spindle may be so shaped that it will fix into handles, as used
for the ordinary gimblets, augers, or brace bits. It is, however, proposed to
make the handle of the gimblet and auger to fix tightly by means of a top
screw. It is also proposed to prevent the auger from unscrewing from the
spindle on its withdrawal from the hole after the boring by means of a lock,
catch, or other suitable means. The advantages of the above combination of
arrangement may be at once perceived.

page_text: I claim the general arrangement for adjusting cutters of different sizes to
the same spindle of gimblets, augers, or brace bits, as described, or any
modification of the same, which will be more fully set forth in the Complete
Specification.
IMPROVED SIGHT APPARATUS AND SIGHT FOR FIRE-ARMS AND ORDNANCE
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Lambton Purchase at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th November 1861.
I, GEORGE LAMBTON PURCHASE, of 23, Bedford Row, in the Parish of
St. Andrew, Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, Architect and Surveyor,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED SIGHT
APPARATUS AND SIGHT FOR FIRE-ARMS AND ORDNANCE," to be as follows:-
The aforesaid Invention consists, firstly, of improved apparatus which can
be attached to a fire-arm near its muzzle, and removed at pleasure without
necessarily involving or effecting any alteration to the fire-arm itself. The
apparatus is composed of a frame, by which it is attached to the fire-arm, and
a sight mounted on the frame. The sight serves as a foresight to the fire-
arm in addition to or instead of any sight it may be usual to put to a fire-arm
near its muzzle. The sight may be made to move on the frame in a direction
transverse to the axis of the barrel of the fire-arm. Occasionally I use a
packing when the part of the apparatus that should fit the fire-arm is too
large or from other causes does not fit the fire-arm.
The aforesaid Invention consists, secondly, of an improved sight to fire-arms
and to serve as such on apparatus used with fire-arms. The peculiar feature
of this sight is that it is wholly supported and retained in a required position
by a bar or rod, which passes through the block of the sight, and whose length
is transverse to the axis of the barrel of the fire-arm, and also in a horizontal

page_text: position, supposing the fire-arm to be pointed or directed. The sight may be
fixed on this bar or rod, or it may be of one piece with either of them, or it
may move along the bar or rod by a rotary motion, as a nut moves on a screw
or by a sliding motion. The peculiar way in which the sight is mounted will
in some cases allow the aim to be taken under the sight instead of or as well
as over it.
For the further explanation of my Invention, I give herewith a Drawing of
a kind of the apparatus that is suitable to the Enfield rifle, and which apparatus
is shewn also as furnished with a kind of the improved sight.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Rowntree Priestley at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th October 1861.
I, RICHARD ROWNTREE PRIESTLEY, of Glasgow, North Britain, Woollen and
Worsted Yarn and Commission Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN FABRICS,"
to be as follows:-
In the manufacture of certain descriptions of goods applicable to ladies' and
gentlemen's outer clothing, including shawls and similar articles, I use a cotton
or silk warp in its natural color, or bleached, or dyed, and the weft of the
goods is worsted or worsted and cotton yarn carded or combed, and either
bleached, dyed, or in its natural color, this being sprinkled or mixed with one
or more colors of dyed or bleached cotton, silk, worsted, or wool. Or I use a
cotton weft dyed, bleached, or in its natural color, and sprinkled or mixed with
one or more colors of dyed or bleached cotton, silk, worsted, or wool.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COLLARS FOR HORSES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Humphrey Swindells at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th May
1861.
I, HUMPHREY SWINDELLS, of Handforth, in the County of Chester, Sadler,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
COLLARS FOR HORSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, in a method of preventing rain which falls
upon the collar from wetting the horse; this I accomplish by continuing the
rib at the edge of the housing so as to conduct the rain to a part where it will
fall free of the horse, and I otherwise mould the collar so as to form gutters
for the same purpose.
Secondly, I make the sides and back of the housing all in one piece, instead
of in several pieces, as is the usual plan.
Thirdly, I attach the straps for connexion with the harness to the inside of
the collar instead of the outside.
Fourthly, I facilitate repairs by attaching the stuffed part to the inside
of the collar, or part connected thereto, instead of to the facing, as now
practised.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER BY THE COMBINATION AND ARRANGEMENT OF LEVERS AND WEIGHTS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ephraim Taylor at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th September
1861.
I, EPHRAIM TAYLOR, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanic,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER BY THE COMBINATION AND ARRANGEMENT OF LEVERS AND
WEIGHTS," to be as follows:-
I employ a number of weights placed upon a shaft or eccentric, and also a
wheel, which revolves and changes the positions of the weights, the wheel
having bowls on which the weights slide, so that as the positions of the weights
are changed, they gain their leverage, and give effect to the wheel, and thus
obtain the motive power, which can be started and stopped and also governed
by altering the position of the shaft or eccentric.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Robb at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th August
1861.
I, JOHN ROBB, of the City of Aberdeen, North Britain, Merchant, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
VENTILATING," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a simple and inexpensive mode of ventilating
churches, dwelling houses, and other buildings, ships, railway and other
carriages, and other places requiring ventilation. The principle adopted is
that of admitting the necessary supply of fresh air at a low level, and carrying
off the heated and vitiated air at a higher level, a continuous movement of
the atmosphere being kept up, while at the same time all disagreeable or
hurtful effects from draught are obviated by the peculiar arrangements which
are adopted for that purpose. In ordinary cases the method employed is to
provide an opening at the bottom of the windows for the ingress of the fresh
air, and a similar opening at the top or upper part of the windows for the
escape of the heated and vitiated air, such openings being covered with per-
forated card, paper, gauze, cloth, or other perforated material. A continual
supply of fresh air is thus admitted into the apartment or other place to be
ventilated, but the current of air being divided into minute streams by the
perforations of the card, paper, or other material, all unpleasant effects of
draught are prevented. The heated and vitiated air is as rapidly and con-
tinuously carried off through the upper openings. Variations in the nature of
the places to be ventilated may of course render some differences of arrange-

page_text: ment necessary, but the main features of this Invention are in all cases as
above described. When perforated card, paper, or gauze cloth is employed it
should be rendered waterproof by means of a coating of varnish, paint, or in
some other suitable manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BODIES FOR CAPS, HATS, BONNETS, BASKETS, BAGS, AND RETICULES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES OF LIGHT WORK
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hermann Freystadt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th February
1861.
I, HERMANN FREYSTADT, of 16, Broad Street Buildings, in the City of
London, Cap Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BODIES FOR CAPS, HATS, BONNETS,
BASKETS, BAGS, AND RETICULES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES OF LIGHT WORK," to
be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improved means of uniting certain materials, namely,
manilla with manilla, manilla with willow, or willow with silk, cloth, linen, or
leather. For these purposes I join the surfaces to be united by means of an
interposed sheet of gutta percha, and when uniting manilla to manilla I apply
the sheets thereof, so that the grain of one shall be transverse or crosswise to that
of the other instead of being parallel thereto. In uniting manilla to manilla I
sometimes proceed as follows:-I take a sheet of manilla, which I pass tightly
or firmly over a warmed roller, and I take a thin sheet of gutta percha which
I pass tightly over a cold roller, and I simultaneously subject the manilla and
gutta percha to pressure surfacewise between rollers, introducing the sheets
for that purpose by their ends between a pair of rollers or into a double roller,
through which I turn them, thereby uniting the two sheets into a single piece
which I call the outside, and having placed it (or a portion of it) in a mould of
required shape, I apply under it next its gutta percha side a second sheet of

page_text: manilla, which I call the lining, having its grain at right angles to that of the
first sheet; the mould is warmed or heated, and the pieces of manilla firmly
pressed together and united, and thus form the required body while the article
or object is at the same time moulded into shape. Or two sheets of manilla
with a sheet of gutta percha interposed between them are taken together, the
grains being at right angles or transverse respectively as before explained;
and I subject the three sheets to pressure surfacewise in a press warmed or
heated beneath, whereby they are pressed and united together and form a
body, which can then be moulded or pressed into shape in a warm mould.
I also unite manilla with willow, or willow with silk, cloth, linen, or leather,
by means of sheets of gutta percha in like manner as above described, except-
ing that in such cases the way in which the respective grains are to run is
not material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTAL AND USEFUL ARTICLES IN PAPIER MACHÉ
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas William Davenport and
Samuel Cole at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 22nd November 1861.
We, THOMAS WILLIAM DAVENPORT and SAMUEL COLE, of Balsall Heath, in
the County of Worcester, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTAL AND USEFUL ARTICLES IN PAPIER MACHÉ," to
be as follows, that is to say :-
We place a cutting tool similar to a brace bit, or of any kind suitable to
produce the form of article we are about to make, in a chock upon the end of
spindle of a lathe, and the papier maché of which the article is to be formed
we place in front of the back slide rest of the lathe. The material on
the slide rest is then advanced to the cutting tool upon the spindle, which
operates upon one half of the thickness of the papier maché panel; the panel
is then reversed, and the cutting tool operates upon the other side of it, cutting
through the other half, and thus forming the article complete with the exception
of sand papering off the slight fin or edge left upon the periphery of the
article.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Amos Whibley and Thomas Lumley
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
27th November 1861.
We, AмOS WHIBLEY and THOMAS LUMLEY, both of Gloucester Grove East,
Old Brompton, in the County of Middlesex, Carpenters and Joiners, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing the louvres of ventilators of oiled
silk, cotton, cloth, or other suitable flexible material instead of wood or metal
as heretofore commonly practised. For example, we take a sheet of zinc, iron,
wood, or other suitable material, and pierce in it a convenient number of holes,
and to the top of this plate, and on one side of said plate, we fix a piece of
oiled silk, cotton, cloth, or other suitable flexible material, so that it shall hang
over and cover one side of the plate, so that a current of air blowing on that
side of the plate which is not covered with the silk will pass through the holes
in the plate, and raising the oiled silk will be allowed to escape, but any cur;
rent of air blowing on that side of the plate on which the oiled silk is
placed will press said oiled silk against the plate, and thus close the openings
in said plate, and prevent the passage of the air.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PLEATED, RIBBED, AND LOOPED FABRICS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abijah Jervis at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st August
1861.
I, ABIJAH JERVIS, of Coventry, in the County of Warwick, Ribbon
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PLEATED, RIBBED, AND LOOPED
FABRICS," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improved machinery for the manufacture of pleated,
ribbed, and looped fabrics, has for its object to produce these kinds of fabrics
with greater facility and economy than heretofore.
In carrying out my Invention the warp is divided so as to form two distinct
and separate sheds, which may be called the upper and lower sheds, which for
pleated or ribbon fabrics are capable of being woven into distinct cloths, but
are connected together at certain points and in such a manner as to produce.
the desired ribbed or fluted appearance. The weaving operation is carried.
on in an ordinary loom in which there are two shuttles employed, or a rising
and falling or rotating shuttle box may be used, for the purpose of either
bringing up the proper shuttle, if two or more are used, or of bringing the
single shuttle opposite to the shed which is to be woven into cloth. The
operation of the loom will be as follows:-A piece of plain cloth containing
say eight or ten shoots or weft threads is woven in the ordinary manner,
the lower part of the warp is then dropped out of the way, and the operation
of weaving in the upper shed is continued for any given number of shoots

page_text: (say twenty) according to the desired width of the pleats or ribs, the fabric
is then drawn back and the weaving operation continued in the lower shed,
the upper shed and its woven cloth having been drawn up out of the way.
When the desired number of picks or shoots have been given the upper shed
is lowered and the two sheds are united and the weaving of the ground cloth is
then proceeded with. A pleat or rib will thus have been formed on the surface
of the fabric. If a looped fabric is required no weaving is to take place
in the upper shed, and when the fabric is drawn back and the upper warp
threads are tied down to the fabric a looped surface will be produced. My
improved machinery may be worked either by hand or power.
IMPROVING THE ACTION OR MOTION OF THE KENT BRUSH DRILL AT PRESENT USED IN AGRICUL- TURE
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Sallows at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th February
1861.
I, CHARLES SALLOWS, of Maidstone, in the County of Kent, Agricultural
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVING
THE ACTION OR MOTION OF THE KENT BRUSH DRILL AT PRESENT USED IN AGRICUL-
TURE," to be as follows (that is to say):-
The brush drill at present used in Kent in agriculture, and called the Kent
brush drill, has its beam attached to the front carriage of the machine in such
a manner that whilst the drill is being worked the front iron of the beam is
fixed in its mortice, and when the drill goes over rough land the shares of the
brush drill on one side will be raised out of the ground, and on that side so
lifted up, the seed will not drop into the land under cultivation, but can only
fall upon the surface, besides the want of action alluded to will strain the drill
and often break it.
The Invention for improving the action or motion of the Kent brush drill
and now sought to be patented, is an improved method of attaching the beam
to the front of the drill carriage by rounding the front beam end to pass
through an eye of the standard, which will give the beam of the said Kent
brush drill, when working, a rotary action or motion, and such rotary action or
motion of the beam will cause the brush drill, now used in Kent for all sorts
of grain, to keep its own level, and whilst being worked to fall into the hollow
parts of the land in course of being drilled, which hollow parts have not
hitherto been properly sown by the brush drill now used in Kent.