IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WHEELS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Green and James Newman, of Bir-
mingham, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF WHEELS."
Sealed the 7th June 1853, and dated the 14th April 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Green and
James Newman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 14th April 1853.
.
We, CHARLES GREEN and JAMES NEWMAN, of Birmingham, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS. IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF WHEELS" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of rolling iron into plates, each plate having at
one edge a suitable section for forming the tyre, the other portions of
the plate forming the spokes or disc and centre parts of a wheel. In
using such plates portions are cut out, either so as to leave spaces
between the spokes, or that the parts may come together and form a
close or disc wheel.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles Green and James Newman, in the Great
Seal Patent Office, on the 14th October 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we,
CHARLES GREEN and JAMES NEWMAN, of Birmingham, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of April, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in
the sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto us, the said Charles Green and
James Newman, Her special licence that we, the said Charles
Green and James Newman, our executors, administrators, and as-
signs, or such others as we, the said Charles Green and James
Newman, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WHEELS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Charles Green
and James Newman, or one of us, by an instrument in writing under
our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Newman, on behalf of
myself and the said Charles Green, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:
This Invention consists of rolling iron into plates, each plate having
at one edge a suitable section for forming the tyre, the other portions
of the plate forming the spokes or disc and centre parts of a wheel.

page_text: In using such plates portions are cut out, either so as to leave spaces
between the spokes, or that the parts may come together and form a
close or disc wheel.
Having thus stated the nature of our said Invention, we will now
describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
each have an edge
Figure 2, shows the
Figure 1, shows a front view and section of a plate of iron rolled to
the form shown, by which it will be seen that it is made with such a
section that when the plate is divided by punching or other convenient
means the two plates thereby produced will
suitable for the ring or tyre of a railway wheel.
same plate after it has been twice subjected to a punch of such a form
as to divide the plate into two plates, such as is shewn at Figure 3,
which is the form of spokes we prefer; but the plate, Figure 1, may be
divided so as to produce other forms of spokes, or the parts removed or
cut away may be only such that when the remaining parts come
together they may form a disc wheel, which may be produced by operating
upon a plate of metal, such as shewn at Figure 1. We would remark,
that in place of making the rolls for rolling out sheets of iron, such as
is shown at Figures 1, and 2, the rolls may be made for rolling plates
with only one tyre edge, as represented by Figure 17. The plate of
iron being made of the form, Figure 1, it is then passed under a powerful
punching machine working a punch of the form indicated by red
lines a, a, at Figure 1, and having passed the plate once through
such a machine the plate is to be reversed, when the like cuts,
which are shown by blue lines, Figure 2, will be made, and the
plate, Figure 1, will be divided into two plates, as shown at Figure 3,
when the two ends b, b, are cut away. Although we prefer the
above described mode of cutting out the requisite parts, we do not
confine ourselves thereto, as other means may be resorted to. The
plate of iron, Figure 3, is now to be bent into the form of a wheel
and this we prefer to do by means of a machine such as is shown at
Figures 4, and 5, where c, c, are two rollers corresponding with the
section of the tyre of the iron; these rollers are mounted in a suitable

page_text: frame d, d, and work with two other rollers e, e, on one axis, with such
a space between them as to admit of receiving the spokes of the wheel
between them, and these rollers are to be arranged together on their
axis so as to admit of their being readily removed when the wheel has
been made or formed thereon, in order that the wheel thus partially
formed may be taken off the axle f, of the rollers e, e. Figures 6, and 7,
show two views of the wheel so produced when the ring or tyre has been
welded at the ends. In order to put on a nave of wrought iron to the
centre of such a wheel we prefer to proceed as follows:-Figure 8,
shows the section of two dies, in one of which is placed a madrill, which
should be somewhat tapering to facilitate its removal from the nave
made thereon; g, is a cylinder of iron on the mandril; when the two dies
are closed together by steam or other power, the portion of a nave will
be produced, as shown at Figure 9, which represents the lower part of
the dies, Figure 8, after the cylinder of iron has been shaped by the
upper die into the form shown. Figure 10, shows a section of two
dies, the lower one being suitable for receiving the wheel and the partly
formed nave, the upper one being suitable, when acted on by steam or
other power, for forming the remainder of the nave, as is shewn at
Figure 11, which shows the same lower die as at Figure 10, but the
nave in Figure 11, is shown complete after being operated on by the
upper die of Figure 10. Figure 12, shows a front view, and Figure 13,
a section of a plate of metal differing in form to that shown by
Figures 1, and 2, suitable for making railway carriage wheels according
to our Invention. The plate, as represented by Figure 12, is to be
separated or formed into two parts, each suitable for forming a wheel,
by punching out the parts marked by the red lines, such parts, when
separated, are to be formed on a bending block and welded into the
form shown by Figure 14, after which the wheels thus partially formed
are to be operated upon by dies, in the manner shown and described in
a Patent granted to us Twenty-eighth March, One thousand eight
hundred and forty-nine, whereby the angular or other formed parts will
be pressed down into the form as shown by section Figure 15, and
front view Figure 16, after which naves are to be fixed thereto, in the
same manner as herein explained for fixing and forming naves to wheels

page_text: made of plates, such as represented by Figures 1, 2, 3. Figure 17,
shows a section of a plate of metal very similar in form to that
shown by Figures 1, 2, 3, but having in addition a substance at the
part a', by which to form the nave, or in addition thereto, if thought
requisite, side plates or cheeks may be applied. We would state, that
other modes of applying a nave to such wheels may be resorted to in
place of that above described.
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention, and the
manner of performing the same, we would have it understood that we
do not confine ourselves to the details herein described, as the same may
be varied, so long as the peculiar character of our Invention be retained.
But what we claim is, the mode herein described of manufacturing
wheels, whereby plates of iron are rolled with tyre at the edges, and
parts are cut away to form spoke or disc wheels, as above explained.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Newman, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Tenth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
JAMES NEWMAN. (L.B.)
Witness, FRED* HARRIS.