IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS FOR GENERATING High-pressure Steam GENERATING HIGH-PRESSURE
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Nicholas Demetrius Spartali, of Liverpool, in
the County of Lancaster, Steam Ship Agent, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS FOR GENERATING High-pressure Steam.”
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS FOR GENERATING HIGH-PRESSURE Steam."
Sealed the 5th June 1874, and dated the 11th December 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Nicholas Demetrius
Spartali at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 11th December 1873.
I, NICHOLAS DEMETRIUS SPARTALI, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Steam Ship Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS FOR GENERATING HIGH-PRESSURE
STEAM," to be as follows:-
My improvements in the construction of high-pressure steam boilers
are intended to produce a compact boiler capable of the quick generation
of steam of high pressure, and in sufficient volume to supply an engine

page_text: of a given capacity. To this end I give to the vessel for containing the
water to be converted into high-pressure steam the smallest possible
dimensions compatible with the requirements of the engine to be
supplied, and by preference a barrel shape or a spherical form, and I
place the vessel in the centre of the furnace so as to surround it by the
flames and heated gases. This vessel or steam generator I keep supplied
with water by the aid of force pumps, which will deliver the water in
the form of fine jets or spray. By means of pipes or necks I connect
this vessel with a steam receiver which is supported immediately over
the furnace, and enclosed or partially enclosed therein. I also provide
this steam receiver with fire tubes so as to pass the products of com-
bustion through it, and thus cause the steam to be superheated.
air
The furnace for heating this boiler I construct with sufficiently large
spaces above and around the fire, and provide suitable openings for
the introduction of air and fuel. Air is to be supplied to the front of
the furnace or to the ash-pit by blast or otherwise, the escape of the
products of combustion being regulated by means of dampers. The
upper vessel may be used exclusively as a steam chamber, or a sufficient
amount of water may be kept in the lower part of this steam holder to
avoid any danger from the action of the fire thereon.
As a modification of the above I propose to use the small vessel as
above described, surrounded by the flames, not wholly as a steam
generator, but as a water heater; this vessel I connect by radial pipes
with a surrounding cylindrical vessel forming the main boiler. This
main boiler I construct with a central fire box provided with a central
vertical flue which is fitted with a damper for closing it. In place of
using the central flue when the fire is well lighted I cause the products
of combustion to pass through a series of horizontal tubes set radial
and connected with vertical tubes which open into an enclosed space
containing the steam receiver, around which the gases of combustion
may circulate and thus superheat the steam. The gases of combustion
will then pass off through openings in the central flue which are com-
manded by a perforated damper.
It will be understood that part of the above described improvements,
that is, the providing a separate vessel for containing the water to be
heated and partially converted into steam, may be applied as a source of
heat to the ordinary marine boiler.

page_text: To assist in strengthening the boiler to withstand the internal pressure
I propose to load the boiler with an external weight, at the same time
staying the bottom and sides.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Nicholas Demetrius Spartali in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 11th June 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, NICHOLAS
DEMETRIUS SPARTALI, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Steam
Ship Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Nicholas Demetrius Spartali, Her
special licence that I, the said Nicholas Demetrius Spartali, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Nicholas
Demetrius Spartali, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS FOR GENERATING HIGH PRESSURE
STEAM," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Nicholas
Demetrius Spartali, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should.
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
66
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Nicholas Demetrius Spartali, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained

page_text: in and by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawing
hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that
is to say) :-
My improvements in the construction of high-pressure steam boilers
are intended to produce a compact boiler capable of the quick gene-
ration of steam of high pressure and in sufficient volume to supply an
engine of a given capacity. To this end I give to the vessel for
containing the water to be converted into high pressure steam the
smallest possible dimensions compatible with the requirements of the
engine to be supplied; I place the vessel in the centre of the furnace so
as to surround it by the flames and heated gases. This vessel or steam
generator I keep supplied with water by the aid of force pumps, which
will deliver the water in the form of fine jets or spray. By means of
pipes or necks I connect this vessel with a steam receiver which is
supported immediately over the furnace, and enclosed or partially
enclosed therein. I also provide this steam receiver with fire tubes
so as to pass the products of combustion through it, and thus cause the
steam to be superheated.
The furnace for heating this boiler I construct with sufficiently large
air spaces above and around the fire, and provide suitable openings for
the introduction of air and fuel. Air is to be supplied to the front of
the furnace or to the ash-pit by blast or otherwise, the escape of the
products of combustion being regulated by means of dampers. The
upper vessel may be used exclusively as a steam chamber, or a sufficient
amount of water may be kept in the lower part of this steam holder to
avoid any danger from the action of the fire thereon.
In Sheet I. of the accompanying Drawings the improved construction
of high-pressure boiler is shown in sectional elevation at Fig. 1.
A, A, are the walls of an upright furnace, in the centre of which is
set the steam generator B immediately over the fire-place C; D is the
steam receiver placed immediately above the steam gencrator B, and
connected therewith by pipes E, E; F is the feed water pipe leading to
the bottom of the steam generator; and G is a pipe for showing the
level of the water in the steam generator. H, H, are tubular flues
leading through the steam receiver to the top of the furnace, and I is

page_text: THC
furnace.
ULIC
The construction of the steam generator may be indefinitely varied so
long as it presents sufficient heating surface to the flame and gases of
the combustion chamber, to insure the rapid conversion of its contents
into steam, the object being to reduce its cubical contents to a minimum
and to rely on the constant refilling of the steam generator with water
to provide for the required consumption of steam.
In the Drawing I have shewn the steam generator as composed of a
group of vertical pipes connected at top and bottom to annular pipes,
the lower one of which connects with the feed water pipe, and the upper
annular tube with the pipes that discharge the steam as it is generated
into the steam receiver.
By reference to the Drawing it will be seen that the flames and heated
gases generated in the fire place circulate through and around the steam
generator, and pass thence through the flues and the steam receiver
towards the chimney. By this means therefore the steam is effectually
superheated before it passes away by the steam pipe L.
As a modification of the above I propose to use the vessel contained
in the fire-chamber and surrounded by the flames, not wholly as a steam
generator but as a water heater. This vessel I connect by radial pipes
with a surrounding cylindrical vessel forming the main boiler. This main
boiler I construct with a central fire-box provided with a central vertical
flue which is fitted with a damper for closing it. In place of using the
central flue when the fire is well lighted I cause the products of com-
bustion to pass through a series of horizontal tubes set radially, and
connected with vertical tubes which open into an enclosed space con-
taining the steam receiver, around which the gases of combustion may
circulate and thus superheat the steam. The gases of combustion will
then pass
off through openings in the central flue which are commanded
by a perforated damper.
In Sheet II. of the Drawings the modification just described is clearly
shown, Fig. 2 being a vertical section of the boiler and furnace; and
Fig. 3 a sectional plan taken in the line 1, 2, of Fig. 2.
A, A, is the boiler formed with a central fire-place and flue B, B¹;
C is the central water heater consisting of a barrel, from the periphery of

page_text: ·
which project water tubes c which serve to connect it with the inner shell
of the boiler A. D is the feed water pipe leading through the boiler A
directly to the water heater C. a, a, are vertical tubes connecting by
means of branch tubes a¹ with the fire-chamber, and forming flues for
leading the flames and gases of combustion through the water space of
the boiler up to a closed chamber E made by continuing the shell of the
boiler upwards; within this chamber is situate the steam receiver F
which is made annular to permit of the flue B¹ passing upwards through
it. F¹, F¹, are pipes connecting the steam receiver with the boiler. The
flue B¹ is connected by lateral openings 6 with the chamber E, and a sleeve ]
damper e is provided for closing these openings when desired. For this
purpose axial motion is imparted to the sleeve damper by suitable
gearing factuated by a crank handle f¹. 6¹ is a damper for closing the
central flue B¹ when desired; G is an air passage for admitting air to
the fire-place B below the grate; and H is a passage controlled by a
damper for admitting air to the top of the fire so as to ensure the
combustion of the smoke. When the fire is first lighted the damper 6¹
is opened to allow of a free draught through the central flue; but when
the fire has become well ignited this damper may be closed, and the flames.
and heated gases will then find their way through the tubular flues a, a¹,
into the chamber E where they will circulate around the steam receiver
and superheat the steam contained therein before passing away by the
lateral openings 6 to the chimney, the sleeve damper e being at this time
open to permit of the exit of the heated gases.
It will now be understood that the water on entering the vessel C will
be quickly heated, and it will then discharge into the boiler A; thus a
constant circulation will be going on in the boiler and a rapid generation
of steam will be the result.
If desired the boiler may be enclosed in a casing, as indicated by the
dotted lines I, I, Fig. 2.
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention of "Improvements
in Boilers for Generating High-pressure Steam," and explained the
manner of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that
under the above in part recited Letters Patent I claim, the arrangement
of steam boilers above described with the central water heater or steam
generator of such capacity relatively to the heating power of the furnace

page_text: as will ensure a rapid discharge therefrom of steam or water at a high
temperature (as the case may be), for the purpose above set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Nicholas Demetrius Spartali, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, the Eleventh day of June, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.