Improvements in the Manufacture of Iron, and in Fuel or a Compound Suitable therefor.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Oct., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 27th July, 1892-Accepted, 17th Sept., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by WILLIAM ROBERT SUGDEN, Fall River,
Columbia County, Wisconsin, United States of America.]
Improvements in the Manufacture of Iron, and in Fuel or a
Compound Suitable therefor.
I WILLIAM ARTHUR SUGDEN of Low Street Keighley, in the County of York,
Architect, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
According to this invention, in the smelting, puddling or melting of iron a fuel
or compound consisting of small coal, lime, creasote or other oily or fatty matter,
and manganese, is made use of, by which the produced or resulting iron is very
much improved in quality chiefly by reason of its dephosphorisation.
The furnace is charged in the ordinary manner with coke, coal or other fuel
suitable for the particular purpose required, whether for smelting, puddling or
melting, and the improved fuel or compound is used after the ordinary fuel has
been thoroughly ignited. This improved fuel is used in thin layers with the
ordinary fuel so that it is thus supplied in such a way as to enable the resultant gases
on its consumption to be thoroughly mixed or incorporated with the other gases or
substances in the furnace by which means a large quantity of the phosphorous
otherwise combining with the iron is carried away, all other operations or parts of
the process are carried out in the ordinary manner.
The improved fuel compounded as follows produces the desired results :-
With about eight hundred weights of slack or fine coal mix thoroughly two
hundred weights of lime which has been slaked with water just sufficiently to
cause it to fall into a powder and saturate the mixture with creasote or other
suitable oily or fatty matter. Then mix a pound of powdered oxide of manganese
with a quart of methylated or other spirits of wine, sprinkle this over the saturated
pile of coal and lime and mix the whole thoroughly together.
I have found that fairly good results may be obtained with the improved fuel or
compound when the manganese and spirits of wine are not included or added
thereto.
01 .
1001
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Iron, and in Fuel or a
Compound Suitable therefor.
I, WILLIAM ARTHUR SUGDEN of Low Street, Keighley in the County of
York, Architect, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, that is to say :-
According to this invention, in the smelting puddling or melting of iron, a fuel
or compound consisting of small coal, lime, creasote (liquid hydrocarbon or any
oxygenous oil) or other oily or fatty matter, is made use of, by which the produced
or resulting iron is very much improved in quality chiefly by reason of its
dephosphorisation.
The furnace is charged in the ordinary manner with coke, coal or other fuel
suitable for the particular purpose required, whether for smelting, puddling or

page_text: melting, that is to say in the first place for smelting where coke is the usual fuel
employed the fire in the furnace is started by this common fuel and is afterwards
kept up by the addition in bulk of one fifth of the said improved fuel to four fifths
of the said. common fuel or coke as. the fire requires throughout the entire opera-
tions the furnace; in the second place, that is of the puddling furnace (in which
this improved fuel is most beneficial) the fire is started by the usual coal employed
for this purpose and afterwards is kept up by the addition of the same proportions
of the said improved fuel with the said usual coal as is above stated, namely
four fifths of the bulk of usual coal to one fifth of the improved fuel; and in the
third place, that is of the melting where coke is employed, then this is used in the
same proportions and in the same manner with my said fuel as is above stated.
This improved fuel is mixed with the proportions of ordinary fuel above stated
prior to being placed in the respective furnaces, the whole being added in the
same manner as is the ordinary fuel throughout the entire operation, in this way
the resultant gases on its consumption are thoroughly mixed or incorporated with
the other gases or liquids in the furnace by which means a larger quantity of the
phosphorous, otherwise combining with the iron, is carried away as refuse either in
the scoria or by the escaping gases.
The improved fuel herein before referred to, is compounded as follows when for
use in the puddling furnace where it has to be mixed with coal namely:-
With eight hundred weights of slack or finely granulated coal mix thoroughly
two, hundred weights of lime which has been slaked with water just sufficiently to
cause it to fall into a powder, and saturate the mixture with liquid hydrocarbon or
with any oxygenous oil. Then mix a pound of powdered oxide of manganese
with a quart of methylated or other spirits of wine, sprinkle this over the saturated
pile of coal and lime and mix the whole thoroughly together.
Where coke is used as the ordinary fuel, the improved fuel is formed of the
same ingredients but in the following proportions, viz. :-nine hundred weights of
small coal with three hundred weights of lime the whole saturated as before with
the liquid hydrocarbon or any oxygenous oil, this proportion having the lime in
excess as compared with the first named proportion, binds the granules of the
compound together and so may be compressed into briquettes in order that when
placed along with the usual fuel into the furnace it may maintain its position and
resist the blast of air from the fan whereas when in loose granulated form as it is
in the first named proportion it is blown out of the furnace before being con-
sumed by the fire.
Very good results in the dephosphorisation of the iron may be obtained when
the manganese, and spirits of wine are omitted from the compound herein before
described.
Again whenever coke is to be used in the combination, by having it ground
into a powder or gramilated it may be employed instead of the small coal which
forms the basis of the compound hereinbefore described, in this manner coke alone
would be used.
By mixing the improved fuel with about four fifths its weight of coal as is
hereinbefore described when used in the puddling furnace (but in this latter case
the whole of said coal being ground or granulated) and subjecting the fuel thus
compounded to pressure by suitable mechanism, it may be formed into briquettes
for ordinary domestic or household fires. While by grinding the coke and using
it in the same proportions instead of said ground or granulated coal and forming
it into briquettes it may be used in the furnaces of steam boilers or those for
the distillation of coal gas.
Instead of granulating the coke and afterwards, on compounding it with the dime
hydrate and creasete, compressing it into briquettes as is hereinbefore described,
larger pieces of coke may be used and made to answer all the purposes: as set
forth by sprinkling such pieces uniformly with a mixture of said lime hydrate
and-creasete in the proportion of about eight pounds of lime hydrate to ten pounds
or one gallon.of.creasote."

page_text: Again by substituting peat for the pieces of coke and adding the slaked lime
to the creasote but in such a proportion only as will not to any appreciable
extent interfere with its liquefaction, that is to say in the proportion of one part
lime to ten parts creasote, and using said mixture to saturate the peat, a more
inflammable fuel is produced, and one that on account of the clearness of the
smoke evolved on its consumption answers the purposes for igniting the other
compounds of fuel hereinbefore described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed I would have it understood
that I do not confine myself to the exact proportions I have herein given, since it
will readily be seen that these may be considerably altered without departing from
the nature of my said invention hence I declare that what I claim is :-
1. A compound consisting of coal, slaked lime and liquid hydro-carbon or any
oxygenous oil, the said substances being mixed together or compounded sub-
stantially as set forth, and for the purposes specified.
2. The compounding of cual or coke, with slaked lime and liquid hydro-carbon
or creasote substantially as herein set forth and described.
3. In a compounded fuel the employment of creasote and slaked lime sub-
stantially as specified.
Dated this 26th day of July 1892.
WM. A. SUGDEN.
Samuel Hey,
Agent.