IM- PROVEMENTS IN REELING YARNS OR THREADS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Nairne, of South Inch Mill, Perth,
in the County of Perth, Flax Spinner, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN REELING YARNS OR THREADS."
Sealed the 19th March 1858, and dated the 12th January 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Nairne at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 12th January 1853.
I, WILLIAM NAIRNE, of South Inch Mill, Perth, in the County of
Perth, Flax Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REELING YARNS OR THREADS" to be as follows:-
.In self-acting reeling machinery there are several things to be accoin-
plished; the recl is to stop when a bobbin is emptied, when the thread
breaks, and when a given quantity has been reeled. These ends have
before been gained by placing the bobbin on a pendulum, or causing the
thread to destroy the equilibrium of a lever. The defects of these arrange-
ments are that both pendulum and lever have too small a space to move
through. The pendulum apparatus was expensive, and the lever appa-
ratus too delicate. In the improved reeling apparatus I have removed

page_text: these defects by dispensing with pendulum and lever, and by placing the
bobbins on pins so hung in the framing as to change their position
whenever a bobbin is emptied or a thread breaks. The time occupied
in this change is greater than that occupied by a change in the pen-
lulum or lever, by which means the bobbins can seldom overrun so as
to stop the machine.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Nairne in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 12th July 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
WILLIAM NAIRNE, of South Inch Mill, Perth, in the County of Perth,
Flax Spinner, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the six-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said William Nairne, Her special licence
that I, the said William Nairne, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as 1, the said William Nairne, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
REELING YARNS OR THREADS," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said William Nairne, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Nairne, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to

page_text: be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof (that is to say):
In self-acting reeling machinery there are several things to be
accomplished; the reel is to stop when a bobbin is emptied, when the
thread breaks, and when a given quantity has been recled. These
ends have before been gained by placing the bobbin on a pendulum, or
causing the thread to destroy the equilibrium of a lever. The defects
of these arrangements are that both pendulum and lever have too
small a space to move through. The pendulum apparatus was expen-
sive, and the lever apparatus too delicate. In the improved recling
apparatus I have removed these defects by dispensing with pendulum
and lever, and by placing the bobbins on pins so hung on the framing
as to change their position whenever a bobbin is emptied or a thread
breaks. The time occupied in this change is greater than that occu-
pied by a change in the pendulum or lever, by which means the bobbins
can seldom overrun so as to stop the machine.
My improvements in self-acting reeling machinery consist in placing
the bobbin or cope to be reeled on an upright pin fixed in an arm or
plate projecting from a spindle, which arm or plate is fixed on the
spindle so as to form a right angle with it, and the spindle is set as far
off the perpendicular position as to cause the plate with the bobbin to
swing round to the lowest point of the orbit or circle through a
portion of which they revolve, in which position a projection from the
plate comes under a shaft revolving above it. On this shaft there are
one or more wipers opposite to each spindle, and when the projection
from the plate conies under the said wiper or wipers, the shaft (which
revolves in a rocking frame) is lifted up which takes the pinion by
which it is driven out of gear of the driver. But when the yarn to
be reeled is very fine and weak I place the bobbin in a horizontal
position, so that while a portion of the weight of the bobbin rests on
an inclined surface, the remainder of the weight is sustained by the
pin, which is put through the bobbin and placed in a frame or bracket,
so that the pin and bobbin may revolve together. This frame or bracket
is fixed on the above-mentioned arm or plate by a pin or bolt, which
fits into the hole when the upright pin is fixed where the bobbin is.

page_text: reeled in the perpendicular position. But that my Invention may be
more fully understood I annex Drawings which I will now proceed to
<escribe.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
The same letters refer to the same parts in all the Figures. a, a, are
the bobbins or copes; b, b, are upright pins on which the bobbins re-
volve; c, c, are arms or plates projecting from the spindles d, d, to
which they are fixed at the one end with the pins for the bobbins fixed
at the other; e, is a projection on the plates or arms c, c; f, is a bar
or rail, with the projections on it, through which the top of the spin-
dles d, d, pass;g, is another bar or rail, in which there are small holes
.bored for the steps of the spindles d, d, resting, so that they may swing
"freely; h, is the wiper shaft; i, is a pinion fixed on the shaft h; j, is a
pinion fixed on the driving shaft k, into which the pinion i, gears
when the reel is at work; 7, is the rocking frame in which the shaft h,
revolves. It will be seen by referring to the Drawing so long as the
yarn is unbroken the pull will keep the plate forward to the fore side of
the bar or rail g, into which there are radial slots which the lower end
of the pins b, b, on which the bobbins revolve, passes through, acting as
a check to provent them coming too far forward; but should the yarn
break it will immediately swing back, and the projections e, coming
under the wipers on the shaft h, will cause it to lift, when the pinion i,
will be thrown out of gear, whereby all motio the reel will cease.
m, is the reel swift or barrel; n, is the thread plate; o, is a screw for
traversing the thread plate; q, is a ratchet wheel fixed to the screw o,
with a ring on one side which has a slot cut in it for the check or stop
rod 9,
which is held forward to it by the handle r, which rod q, comes in
under the wiper shaft h; s, is the setting handle; t, is a wedge pin that
is thrown in under the frame 1, by the setting handle s; ", is a plate with
uotches cut on the one side to act against the lower ends of the pins b, b,
(which plate is connected to the setting handle) for drawing the plates
c, c, from under the wipers when I start the reel; v, is a pulley for
driving the swift or barrel; w, is a pulley on the swift or barrel mi;
wa, are the frame ends of the reel.

page_text: I claim the placing of the bobbin to be reeled on a pin or frame to
be fixed in an arm or plate, which arm or plate is made fast on a
spindle, which spindle is set as far off the perpendicular position as
gives the tendency to the bobbin to swing round with the arm or plate
to the lowest point of the circle or orbit which the said plate or arm
partly describes, and by throwing a stop under the wipers on the shaft
which drives the reel swift or barrel, stops it more suddenly than it
would stop if only set free of the strap, band, or pinion, by which it is or
may be driven.
In wituess whereof, I, the said William Nairne, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eighth day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
5
WILLIAM NAIRNE. (L.S.)
Witness,
JOHN PRUNTY,
Falls Road, Belfast.
JOHN METCALFE,
28, College Square, North Belfast.