IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING, PUNCHING, STAMPING, FORGING, AND BENDING METALS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, WHICH ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE DRIVING OF PILES AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES, AND TO CRUSHING AND PULVERISING ORES AND OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES
Year: 1852

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SOLOMON
ANDREWS, of Perth Amboy, in the United States of America, Engineer, scud
grecting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Seventh day of October,
One thousand eight hundred eight hundred and fifty-two, in the sixteenth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Solomon Andrews, my exors, adiñiors, and assigns, Her especial
licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Solomon
Andrews, my exors, adññors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Solomon
Andrews, my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING, PUNCHING, STAMPING, FORGING, AND
BENDING METALS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, WHICH ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE
DRIVING OF PILES AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES, AND TO CRUSHING AND PULVERISING
ORES AND OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES;" in which said Letters Patent is contained
a proviso that I, the said Solomon Andrews, shall cause a particular descrip-
tion of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to bo

page_text: inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited
Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will
more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Solomon Andrews, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described
and ascertained in and by the present Specification thereof, reference being had
to the Drawings hereunto annexed, that is to say :-
The nature of my Invention consists,―
First. In certain arrangements of cutting, punching, stamping, and forging
machinery, so combined and worked as at one operation to cut off a piece of
metal of a desired size, forge, punch, and stamp it, and finally eject it from
the machine in the form of a nut.
And second. In adapting such machinery to the bending of metals, and with
certain modifications to the driving of piles and similar purposes, and to the
crushing and pulverizing of ores and other hard substances.
The Drawings represent this machine as applied to cutting, punching, and
stamping iron into shapes to be used for nuts for screws, &c. Figure 1 is a
front, elevation, Figure 2 a side elevation, and Figure 3 a plan of the
machine. A is a heavy base block of metal, to which are firmly secured the
perpendicular standards B, B. These standards support at top the cross head
C. D is the hammer, the lower part of which has two lugs a, a, cast upon it
so as to slide up and down upon the two guide rods E, E. The hammer D is
'continued upwards for a considerable length, and passes through a hole in
the cross head C, and has a number of teeth cast in it (or the teeth may be
of wood) similar to a rack, and into which gears a strong pinion H, the teeth
of which may be of wood or iron. This pinion is centred upon the shaft G,
turning in plummer blocks b, b, on the two standards B, B. The pinion H
is free to revolve on the shaft G, but one side of the boss of it has teeth cut
in it, into which the teeth of a clutch I take. This clutch revolves with the
shaft G, but has a lateral motion upon it when acted upon in the manner
herein-after explained. K is a forked lever, which embraces the clutch I,
and is attached to the back framing of the machine. L is a rod, which slides
through the cross head, and has formed upon it a wedge c, which when it
comes in contact with the tail of the lever K serves to throw the clutch out
of gear with the pinion H. M is a spring, one end of which is fixed to the
standard B, while near the other end it bears against the lever K, to throw
the clutch again into gear when released from the action of the rod L. The

page_text: rod Land spring M are united at top by a link d, which not only serves the
purpose, when the rod L is lifted, of releasing the spring from the lever K, but
also causes the spring to act upon the rod L, and throws the clutch I clear of
the pinion. N is a sliding bolt, kept in gear with the teeth on the hammer D
by vulcanized india-rubber or other suitable spring. O is a rod, hinged at
its lower end to a treadle P. The upper part of this rod passes through a
slot in the sliding bolt N, and has formed upon it a wedge e, so that when
the treadle is depressed by the foot of the operator, the wedge e, coming in
contact with the sliding bolt M, liberates it from the teeth on the hammer D,
and so allows it to fall down upon the block A. Q is the lower die, which is
let into the upper face of the block A. R is a bolster, a separate plan of
which is given in Figure 4. The centre part of this bolster is so made as
to form the three sides of a nut, as shewn. S is the upper dic, which slides up
and down upon the rods T, T. This dic is furnished in front with a shear or
cutting edge g, as represented in the detached view in Figure 5, which when
down upon the lower die forms the fourth side of the square, cutting off at
the same time a piece from the end of a flat bar of iron, previously placed
upon the lower die, corresponding to the shape of the dics and the intended
nut. U is a punch, screwed into the under side of the lower end of the
hammer D, for punching a hole through the centre of the nut. The centre
of the upper die has a hole formed in it to allow of the punch passing
through. V, V, are two rods which pass through the block A; and W, W,
two spiral springs which act against collars h, h, and the cross piece a, and
supports the top die. A trigger may be placed at the back of the machine
to throw off the nut after it has been stripped from the punch by the upper
die. Y is the driving pulley, and Z the fly wheel. i is a guide for placing the
bar of iron in the exact position between the dies.
The action of the machine is as follows:-The driving pulley Y is caused to
revolve by a driving belt, whereby motion is communicated to the shaft G
and clutch I. The clutch I, being thrown into gear with the pinion H. by
means of the spring M, causes it to revolve, and the teeth of the pinion gearing
into the teeth on the hammer raise it up, when the part K, coming in contact
with the lower end of the rod L, forces it upwards until the wedge c strikes
the tail of the forked lever K, releases the spring M, and in conjunction with
the link d throws the clutch I well out of gear. The workman during the
rising of the hammer places the end of a bar of iron between the dies, then
placing his foot upon the treadle liberates the sliding bolt N, and allows the
hammer to come with its full force down upon the upper die, which cuts off a
picce from the end of the bar, and thus at the same time punches the hole,

page_text: and forms it into the shape of the intended nut. The bar out of which the nuts,
&c. are to be formed may be placed in the machine either in a heated or cold
state, though I should prefer the former, as being best adapted for the
purpose. The falling of the hammer by means of the projecting pin m, which
strikes the top of the rod L, and causes it to be forced downwards, liberates
the spring, and throws the clutch I into gear, when the hammer is again
instantaneously raised, and the workman places the bar between the dies,
the nut previously formed having been removed by the trigger, and the
operation is repeated in quick succession. To regulate the length of stroke of
the hammer, a rod or bar may be inserted into a socket in the part K', or the
In order to keep
length may be regulated by any other analogous means.
the punch cool, and prevent it from being heated (which would destroy its
effective working, the hammer is made hollow, as indicated by the dotted
lines. The punch is also made hollow to within about a quarter of an inch
of the end, and communicates with the hollow in the hammer, which is filled
with water or other fluid. The upper part of the hollow is stopped to prevent
the fluid from being thrown out with the blows of the hammer. Where a
punching or other tool is used in any other machine for punching or working hot
metal, the same should be made hollow, so as to contain sufficient fluid to
keep the punching or other tool or tools at a low temperature, thereby pre-
serving them from injury by heat. To adapt this machine to forging and
bending metals the same arrangement of machinery may be used, but with
the necessary modification in the tools or dies. For crushing and pulverizing
ores and other hard substances, and also for driving piles, the machine may
be modified by substituting a rope or chain attached to the lower end of the
hammer and made fast at top to a cord wheel on the shaft G. This cord
and wheel are used instead of the teeth on the hammer and the pinion. The
necessary modifications for carrying out this part of the Invention may be
made as the circumstances of the application, whether to crushing ores or
driving piles, may require.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim in respect
thereof is as follows:-
First. I claim the arrangements and combinations of machinery herein-
before exemplified and described for cutting, punching, stamping, forging,
and bending metals and other substances.
Second. I claim the construction of punches and other like tools for
working metals in a heated state, hollow, for the purpose of containing a
liquid to prevent them becoming too much heated while working.

page_text: And, third, I claim the modification of the machinery in so far as regards its
application to the driving of piles and other similar purposes, and to crushing
and pulverizing ores and other hard substances, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the Solomon Andrews, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
Taken and acknowledged by Solomon
Andrews (party hcreto) at Her
Britannick Majesty's Consulate in
the City of New York, on this
Twenty-first day of March 1853,
SOLOMON (L.S.) ANDREWS.