matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GARTERS OR BELTS AND FASTENINGS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edwards at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
January 1872.
I, JOHN EDWARDS, of No. 6, Cassland Crescent, South Hackney,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF GARTERS OR BELTS AND FASTENINGS FOR THE SAME," to be
as follows:-
-
My improvements consist of an improved method of making what are
termed garters or belts.
I take a suitable piece of elastic material, and cover this elastic
material with a piece of any suitable woven fabric. The woven fabric
which constitutes the covering prevents the undue stretching of the
elastic material, and makes it more sightly and ornamental. Also to
the application of a clasp or metal fastening to garters or belts made
of india-rubber without being covered with a woven fabric. I take a
piece of suitable india-rubber and pass the ends through a suitable clasp,
and then fasten the ends of such india-rubber by means of the applica-
tion of a slide or rivet or their equivalent.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASES OR CRATES FOR CONTAINING ROOFING. SLATES WHILE IN TRANSIT, AND OTHER ARTICLES REQUIRING PACKING CASES TO PRESERVE THEM FROM INJURY
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Hugh Polson Fraser Palmer, of the Town of
Carnarvon, in the County of Carnarvon, North Wales, for the In-
vention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CASES OR CRATES FOR CONTAINING ROOFING.
SLATES WHILE IN TRANSIT, AND OTHER ARTICLES REQUIRING PACKING CASES
TO PRESERVE THEM FROM INJURY."
Sealed the 20th December 1872, and dated the 24th June 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Hugh Polson Fraser
Palmer at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 24th June 1872.
I, HUGH POLSON FRASER PALMER, of the Town of Carnarvon, in
the County of Carnarvon, North Wales, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CASES OR CRATES FOR CONTAINING
ROOFING SLATES WHILE IN TRANSIT, AND OTHER ARTICLES REQUIRING PACKING
CASES TO PRESERVE THEM FROM INJURY," to be as follows:-
The case is made in the usual form, except that the sides and ends
are joined to the bottom by means of hinges or joints, so that when the

page_text: contents of the case or crate have been discharged and it is empty the
ends and sides may fold down flat on to the bottom so as to take up as
little room as possible. The cases could have a cover when required,
joined by hinges to the top of the side, made to fold over in the mode
aforesaid; such cases to be made of iron, wood, or basket work as the
nature of their use may require.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES FOR COMMON ROADS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Weekes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
February 1872.
I, CHARLES WEEKES, of Worcester, in the County of Worcester, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES FOR COMMON ROADS," to be as follows:-
:-
The object of my Invention is to facilitate or render more easy the
locomotion of carriages and other vehicles on common or ordinary roads,
and the means by which I propose to accomplish this object are as
follows:-
In the case of a four-wheeled carriage, instead of the usual four wheels
I mount in any convenient way eight wheels, that is, four large wheels
and four smaller wheels, the latter running within the former and upon
the inner rim, rail, or flange thereof. The large wheels do not support
the carriage or other vehicle, they form or act as an inclined plane in
the case of obstacles upon or unevenness in the roads they are traversing.
The small wheels carry the carriage or other vehicle and are attached
thereto by any suitable connection; they may be flanged or not in the
same manner as railway carriage wheels, and they run upon the inner

page_text: or projecting part of the large wheels as previously described, to which
large wheels they impart motion. The auxiliary or large wheels may
be coupled if desired by a rigid connection, or by any other suitable
method.
By my improved double-wheeled carriage an inclined plane is laid a
over each obstacle upon or the uneven parts of common roads for the
carriage or other vehicle to travel upon, so that the momentum will not,
as is now the case, be lost by frequent shocks or jolting; and the saving
thereby of traction power in springs and in repairs, or what is termed
wear and tear," will be considerable. This method will also tend,
in a great measure to overcome the difficulties hitherto experienced in
applying steam power on ordinary roads.
<
My Invention may be applied to carriages already constructed by
simply providing a covered way or receptacle through the carriage for
the axles of the larger wheels should the latter be so mounted.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING ANd Lowering Carriage Steps
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Ironside at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th April
1872.
I, PETER IRONSIDE, of Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, Coach Body
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING ANd Lowering Carriage Steps,”
to be as follows:-
According to my Invention I joint or hinge the step or tread in
the ordinary manner, but to the joint or hinge I connect an arm which
is preferably bent in an upward and outward direction; this arm is
united to the shoe which screws on to the under side of the door by à
rod, which is connected to the shoe by a swivel joint which admits of
being turned in any required direction, that is, the connecting rod is
jointed by a forked joint to a short piece which swivels in the shoe, and
to the arm by a swivel link joint, that is, it swivels on a piece which
has an eye through which the arm passes and can turn, thus the eye
for the arm and the eye for the end of the rod have their axes or
central lines at right angles to one another, so that supposing the door

page_text: of the carriage to be closed the action of opening it causes the arm
to be pulled over by the rod which is attached to the shoe by the joint
aforesaid, whereby the rod connecting the shoe and arm adapts itself
to the varying positions of the door while opening or closing. This
arrangement is equally applicable to single or double folding steps or 5
"treads."
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MATCHES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Michael Letchford at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th August 1872.
I, ROBERT MICHAEL LETOHFORD, of Three Colts Lane, Bethnal Green,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MATCHES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture
of matches so as to render them more certain of igniting. For this
purpose I take bundles of wood known in the trade as splints, heat these
bundles on a stove plate, and then dip the two ends in a pan of rock oil,
using a flannel or other pad so as to prevent dipping too deeply; then
when the oil has become absorbed by the wood, but while the bundles
remain warm they are dipped into melted paraffin wax so as to coat the
wood with a fine outer casing of solid paraffin, by which the oil is
confined to the interior in contradistinction to employing the two ingre-
dients combined together as heretofore, which lowers the melting point

page_text: of the paraffin and renders the flame liable to be extinguished when the
matches are first ignited.
In place of employing paraffin wax to form the outer coating to the
wooden splints, other known suitable material may be employed. The
splints having been thus prepared are then manufactured into matches 5
in the ordinary manner.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR CHECKING AND PREVENTING MOTION ON BOARD SHIPS AT SEA IN ORDER TO ALLAY SICKNESS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Kaulbach at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
November 1872.
I, Edward Kaulbach, of 21A, Green Street, Park Lane, W., in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for “IMPROVEMENT OF THE MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR
CHECKING AND PREVENTING MOTION ON BOARD SHIPS AT SEA IN ORDER TO ALLAY
SICKNESS," to be as follows :-
...
-
Figs. I., II, and III., represent a transverse section of ship; Fig.
IV., a portion of longitudinal section of same; T, Figs. I., II., III., and
IV., is a tank containing water; p, p³, Figs. I., II., and III., and p, p, p,
P,
Fig. IV., are pipes for allowing the water to
p¹, p³, p¹, p², .
run in and out of the tank from the sea; C, Figs. I., II., III., and
IV., is a floating flat-bottomed chamber or saloon; b, Figs. I., II., III.,
and IV., is for ballast if required; m, m, Figs. I., II., III., and IV., are
planks linked loosely together whose edges are lined with gutta percha
or any other soft elastic material so as to deaden any shock, their purpose
being to steady the surface of the water around the chamber while the

page_text: dotted line A, B, represents the surface of the sea in calm weather.
Now it follows from this simple arrangement that as water always finds
its own level whatever may be the temporary position of the ship due
to rolling and pitching, the floating chamber will not only always be in
the vertical, but will rise or fall by natural laws in opposition to the
motion of the ship. This is shewn in Fig. II., where the vessel is.
supposed to be embedded in the waves, and in Fig. III., where the ship
riding over the waves the tank discharges its superfluous water and the
chamber falls, or in other words remains as nearly as possible always at
the same level.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COOKING APPARATUS OR KITCHEN RANGES
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ebenezer Thornton, of Bradford, in the County
of York, Ironmonger and Hot Water Engineer, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN COOKING APPARATUS OR KITCHEN RANGES."
Sealed the 18th March 1873, and dated the 19th September 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ebenezer Thornton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 19th September 1872.
I, EBENEZER THORNTON, of Bradford, in the County of York, Iron-
monger and Hot Water Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN COOKING APPARATUS OR KITCHEN RANGES," to
be as follows :—
This Invention relates to further improvements in the combined
"Yorkshire and Leamington ranges" for which Letters Patent were
granted to the present applicant, dated the First day of September,

page_text: .
A.D. 1871. No 2306, and the present improvements have for their
special object the economizing of fuel, and comprise,—
"
Firstly, The use of "side irons having movable bars so constructed
as to contract the upper portion of the fire, and projections are provided
which support the fuel and confine it within smaller limits.
Secondly. The range or grate bars are placed in a vertical instead
of in the horizontal position; the said bars are provided with projections
for supporting the fuel and preventing its becoming consolidated
within the range.
Thirdly. The boiler for heating water used in connection with the
range is constructed so as to have a "graduated flue," that is, the
aperture for the passage of flame and heated gases at the side nearest
the flue or chimney vent is contracted, so as to ensure a better and
more complete circulation of heat around the boiler.
This construction of boiler is applicable to kitchen ranges generally.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE VALVE GEAR OF STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Casimir Schemioth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th January 1872.
I, CASIMIR SCHEMIOTH, of Odessa, in the Empire of Russia, but
now residing at No. 14, Finsbury Place South, in the County of
Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE VALVE GEAR OF STEAM ENGINES," to be
as follows:-
The object of the improvements is to obtain a very rapid movement
to the slide valve, but without disconnecting the valve from its
eccentric.
In carrying out my improvements between the end of the slide valve
rod and the eccentric bar or rod I interpose a third organ in the form
of an extra link or crank capable of turning freely round its centre of
motion. The result of the use of this organ or link is that during the
time the centre of the eccentric is making one part of its revolution the
valve remains at rest at the end of the stroke, the extra link during the
time simply making a partial rotation. During another partial rotation

page_text: •
of the centre of the eccentric by the extra link remaining at rest the
valve is moved and makes its whole stroke either inwards or the return
as the case may be. During the motion of the eccentric for a third
portion of its rotation the extra link completes its rotation and the
valve again remains at rest at the other end of its stroke, then during
the remaining part of the run of the centre of the eccentric by the
extra link remaining at rest the valve again moves and makes its
outward or opposite stroke as the case may be, so that instead of the
valve moving during the whole turn of the eccentric shaft it moves
only during parts of the whole revolution of the eccentric and with
much greater speed at those times.
Instead of employing an extra link or crank as explained other
combinations may be used for the same purpose, as for instance a second
eccentric acted upon by the end of the main eccentric bar or rod and
acting on the slide valve bar or rod. The radius of the main eccentric
must be made larger by the whole length of the extra link or crank to
preserve the same throw or throws of valve.
Ix- PROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF A PUCE GARNET COLOUR OR COLOURS FROM NAPETYLAMINE AND ITS DERIVATIVES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by François Lamy at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
April 1872.
I, FRANÇOIS LAMY, fils, of Deville-les-Rouen, in the Republic of
France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Ix-
PROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF A PUCE GARNET COLOUR OR COLOURS FROM
NAPETYLAMINE AND ITS DERIVATIVES," to be as follows :—
My Invention has for its object the production at a less cost than
hitherto of colours of puce garnet violet and reddish violet tints in such
a manner as to preserve the solidity of the substances of pure madder.
For this purpose are utilised the properties possessed by certain pro-
ducts of forming fixed bases, and particularly naphtylamine, a product
obtained from naphtaline transformed at first into nitro-naphtaline,
then distilled on iron filings.
The naphtylamine being dissolved in a mixture of azotic or hydro-
chloric acid and acetic acid is treated with chloric and chromic acid
in the following manner :-A salt of naphtylamine, nitrate, acetate, or
hydrochlorate is taken and suitably thickened, then are added in the

page_text: colour oxydising salts, such as chlorate of potash, salts of copper, salts of
iron, as well as hydro-fluo-silicic acid. After printing, the pieces of fabric
are spread out in a room for some time exposed to the air, then the
colour is fixed by passing them into a bath of bichromate of potash in
which is added a certain proportion of nitric or sulphuric or hydrochloric a
acid. Finally to develop a puce tint it is passed into chlorine (by
preference an alkaline chloride) or ammonia. By this means is obtained
a puce possessed of great solidity, and which presents, as will be seen,
nearly the same characteristics as aniline black.
For dyeing on threads of cotton or silk, separate or in skeins, the same
elements are used, only instead of operating on them in drying they are
operated on in a wet state, that is to say, by dipping.
The puce garnet obtained by this process may be considered as a mother
colour, which by slight modifications in its constituent elements or by
subsequent operations admits of the production of derivative colours of
which the principal base is always naphtylamine.
Thus, with reference to dyeing threads of cotton or silk, if instead of
finishing by passing through ammonia and chlorine in order to develop
the tint the threads aro passed into a bath composed of azotate of iron
and of "aqua regalis" (a mixture of hydrochloric acid and nitric or
azotic acid) a beautiful violet is obtained.
By substituting for the said azotate of iron chloride of iron and a salt
of copper a reddish violet is obtained.
These two tints, quite distinct and derived from the same base, are
possessed of a great solidity as to acids, alkalies, and solar light.
2
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BREAKWATERS, SEA WALLS, AND OTHER SUBAQUEOUS WORKS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Cunningham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th July 1872.
=
I, DAVID CUNNINGHAM, of Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North
Britain, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BREAKWATERS, SEA WALLS,
AND OTHER SUBAQUEOUS WORKS," to be as follows, that is to say: :-
This Invention, which relates to improvements in the construction
of breakwaters, sea walls, and other subaqueous works, consists in the
employment of concrete blocks formed with a number of hollow spaces
extending from the upper to or nearly to the under sides of the blocks,
as the material of which such breakwaters, sea walls, and other sub-
aqueous works are constructed, and the object of this Invention is to
diminish the mass of concrete employed in such works, and at the same
time to render the transport of the blocks less costly and more expedi-
tious. The hollow spaces in the blocks constituting this Invention may
be disposed or arranged in rows, so that in building the blocks on each
other the spaces of the upper block will be situated immediately above
the spaces of the block underneath, and each such space is provided with

page_text: an air-tight door at its upper extremity, which may be furnished with a
cock or valve or other equivalent thereof, so that in floating the blocks
by means of barges in the usual manner to the situation at which the
work is being carried on, the spaces being filled with air materially
assist the barge or barges or other means of transport in buoying up the
blocks, and thus blocks may be made of much larger dimensions than
under existing arrangements of construction. After a block has been
placed on its foundation, concrete is or may be used so as to close up the
lower extremities of the hollow spaces therein, as well as any vacant
space left between the ground and any part of the block on account of
any irregularity in the ground level the remaining portions of such
spaces may then be filled up with sand, clay, stones, or other material,
excepting so much as is necessary to contain a layer of concrete by
which to secure the block to be placed immediately above in position.
In lieu of closing the lower extremities of the hollow spaces in the
blocks placed in contact with the ground by means of concrete as
herein-before set forth, pipes communicating with an air pump or
exhauster may be attached to the cocks or valves on the doors at the
upper extremities of the spaces, and the air by this means being
exhausted from the hollow spaces the ground underneath will be forced
into the said spaces, and the whole block sunk to any desired extent on
its foundation. It is obvious that the spaces in the blocks may be made
to. constitute means for facilitating excavations of the ground when
required after the blocks are placed in position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTIFICIAL BREASTS FOR LADIES' WEAR
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Russell Taber at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
April 1872.-A communication from abroad by Charles G. Carrao,
of Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
I, JOHN RUSSELL TABER, of Fairhaven, Massachusetts, United States
of America, now of No. 8, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTIFICIAL
BREASTS FOR LADIES' WEAR," a communication, to be as follows :—
The said Invention relates to a simple and convenient contrivance
designed to be worn by ladies who may desire to give to their figure
an appearance of greater fulness than it naturally possesses, or who
may have temporarily lost through illness or other causes their natural
appearance and may desire to restore the same.
The said Invention, moreover, not only provides the means of imitating
perfectly the natural appearance but also affords warmth and protection, ⚫
which will be very advantageous to ladies with delicate lungs or a
tendency to chest disease.
The object of the said Invention is accomplished by the combination
of an air-filled pad with a base or frame made of steel or other suitably
.

page_text: elastic material. The said pad is formed of india-rubber or other
similar material and of the proper size and shape to resemble when
inflated the natural breasts. I make the pad of two pieces united at
the edges by a narrow strip carefully cemented to make them perfectly
air-tight. The two breasts are united by a narrow piece to which I
connect a small tube whereby the breasts are inflated. This tube is
provided with a plug or stopper to retain the air. The base of each
breast is made of two or more thin flat metal springs arranged cross
wise to each other and rivetted together at the centre, and they are
curved to fit comfortably over the natural breasts of the wearer. The
india-rubber pads are provided on their inner side with strips of cloth,
leather, or other similar substance to prevent the cutting of the pads
by the springs. The said flat springs are turned up at each outer
extremity and are perforated to permit the said strips to be attached
to them by sewing. These springs form a concave elastic base for the
artificial breasts, which will always maintain their shape, no matter how
much the pads are inflated, and by their inflation the inner surface
of the pads is bulged or pressed above the springs and forms a soft
cushion which will permit the pads to fit closely over the natural breasts
without any uncomfortable or injurious pressure on the same. It is
preferable to enclose the said artificial breasts in an envelope of linen,
cotton, or other liko material, which may be made to suit the taste of
the wearer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR HEATING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS, APPLICABLE TO BATHS, GREENHOUSES, AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Turton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
September 1872.
I, GEORGE TURTON, of Sheffield, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE
OF AND APPARATUS FOR HEATING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS, APPLICABLE TO BATHS,
GREENHOUSES, AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a new mode of heating liquids in baths or
other vessels by the immersion of a water-tight gas heated apparatus
therein, and in the construction of said apparatus, which may also be
used for heating greenhouses and for other purposes.
The water-tight vessel, which may be of any required shape and be
constructed of any water and heat resisting material, has an upper and
lower chamber connected together by perpendicular air passages; at the
end or ends of the lower chamber is or are an upright air shaft or shafts,
and centrally from the upper chamber there extends upwards a
perpendicular shaft or flue; longitudinally within the lower chamber is
placed a pipe having jets or nipples or perforations therein; this pipe is

page_text: continued up one of the upright air shafts and is connected by an india-
rubber or other flexible tube with an ordinary or conveniently placed
gas burner or tap.
When the gas is lighted in the lower chamber of the water-light
vessel, said vessel rapidly becomes heated, the heat extends through t
the perpendicular connecting air passages into the upper chamber and
the smoke escapes thence by the shaft or flue, air for combustion
being supplied to the lower chamber by way of the upright air shaft or
shafts.
For heating the water in a bath the apparatus with the gas ignited is 1
placed at the bottom thereof and in a very short space of time the water
will be sufficiently heated, when the apparatus is withdrawn.
Instead of the gas burners above described one or more large atmos-
pheric burner or burners may be used, and to prevent danger through
negligence on the part of the attendant a ball lever may be employed to 1
turn off the supply of gas when the apparatus is out of the water or
when the water is let off from the vessel, thus providing an automatic cut-
off for the gas.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION AND TREATMENT OF OXIDES OF IRON FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAINT AND OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Stephen Joseph at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th March 1872.
I, JOHN STEPHEN JOSEPH, of Rhosllamrchrugog, Ruabon, in the
County of Denbigh, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION AND TREATMENT OF OXIDES OF IRON
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAINT AND OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
My said Invention relates to the, preparation and treatment of a
mineral substance, obtained from the' mineral water of natural springs,
levels, and underground roads, which have been driven or are being
driven from water pumped at any time, or from deposits of this
mineral substance, which may have accumulated from time to time.
The said substance is an oxide of iron, the peroxide or protoxide, with
or without admixture, and is produced by the oxidation of ironstones or
ores. I take this mineral substance and dry it either in stoves or retorts
or by exposure to the atmosphere, to evaporate the moisture. Afterwards,
if a fine powder is required, I pulverize it by crushing or grinding.
Should I find the mineral substance contains impurities I wash and

page_text: rewash it, or adopt other suitable means for the separation of such
impurities from the said substance. As this mineral substance will be
required for various uses I also calcine or roast it either before or after
pulverizing it, thereby producing various colours. I utilize this mineral
substance either as a paste, or dried article, or calcined, roasted, or otherwise
prepared for staining paper, wood, or other materials; also for mixing
with other ingredients for the manufacture of paints of various colours
for coating iron wood or other articles and for similar purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UTILIZING THE SUBSTANCE OR MATERIAL KNOWN AS THE GREEN SAND OF THE LIAS FORMATION, SUCH AS THAT FOUND IN COPROLITE BEDS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Brown at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th May
1872.
I, ISAAC BROWN, of Elm Croft Grange, Edinburgh, in the County of
Mid Lothian, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of my said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN UTILIZING THE SUBSTANCE OR MATERIAL KNOWN
AS THE GREEN SAND OF THE LIAS FORMATION, SUCH AS THAT FOUND IN COPROLITE
BEDS," to be as follows:-
.
•
This Invention relates to the utilization of the material well known as
the green sand of the lias formation of the coprolite beds in the following
manner:-
The process of conversion may be as follows:-The nodules or
coprolites are first separated from the green sand by any convenient
process, the residue or green sand is then dried, ground,, and treated with
sulphuric acid for its chemical conversion into phosphate of alumina.
THE TREATMENT AND APPLICATION OF THE TIPHA LATIFOLIA FOR UPHOLSTERY PURPOSES, AND MORE PARTICULARLY FOR MAKING FLOATING MATTRESSES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Horace Brandon at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 10th January 1872.-A communication from Leopold Lopez de
Gonzalo, and Silvin Grisci, both of Sanpierdarena, Italy.
I, ALEXANDER HORACE BRANDON, of 13, Rue Gaillon, Paris, France,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"THE TREATMENT AND APPLICATION OF THE TIPHA LATIFOLIA FOR UPHOLSTERY
PURPOSES, AND MORE PARTICULARLY FOR MAKING FLOATING MATTRESSES,"a com-
munication from Leopold Lopez de Gonzalo, and Silvin Grisci, both of
Sanpierdarena, Italy, to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to utilise as stuffing for furniture, and
more particularly for floating mattresses, the flowers of the plant tipha
latifolia, English horse tail.
For this purpose when the plant has arrived at its maturity, which
occurs about September, the flowers are detached from the rest of the
plant, and they are submitted to a certain amount of heat, which may
range from 160 to 200 degrees Fahrenheit, engendered by steam or

page_text: otherwise, or to a fumigation of sulphur vapours for the purpose, mainly,
of completely expelling all moisture from the same, as well as for
destroying all insects or their eggs therein contained. The material is
then ready for the purposes above mentioned.
In the case of mattresses a coarse canvas is used for their covering,
which is furnished with cords or other attachments by which, in case of
immersion, persons to be saved can hold to the same since they float
upon the water.
The Inventors give to such a floating mattress or apparatus the name
of Stromasotère.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF CONVERTING CAST IRON INTO STEEL
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Haseltine at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th.
July 1872. A communication from abroad by Thomson Hankey
Alexander, of Washington, District of Columbia, United States of
"America.
°
I, GEORGE HASELTINE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent
Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF CONVERTING CAST IRON
INTO STEEL," a communication, to be as follows:-
The nature of the said Invention consists in making steel from cast
iron by first making the cast iron partially malleable, and then manipu
lating and tempering the same as herein-after described.
In making edged tools the tool is first made of iron cast in any of the
usual ways, and then placed in an annealing furnace. It is kept in this
furnace about two-thirds of the time necessary to make it thoroughly
malleable, that is to say, it remains long enough to remove about two-
thirds of the carbon from the casting. When this has been done the
tool is removed from the annealing furnace, cleaned and hammered into

page_text: shape, and about one-eighth of an inch is cut from the entire edge by
means of shears or other suitable instruments. The said tool is then
placed in a heating furnace and brought to à cherry red heat and then
immersed in water, oil, or other tempering liquids used in tempering
steel. When removed it will be found that the carbon which was
allowed to remain in the tool has been thoroughly scattered or diffused.
and that the partially malleable casting has been converted into steel.
The object of cutting off the edge of the tool is the removal of that
portion of the casting which has become too much, decarbonized.
In the manufacture of files, the casting after being removed from the
annealing surface has its outer coating or surface which has been too
much decarbonized removed, and is then cut and tempered in the usual
manner of making cast steel files. The coating to be removed is very
thin, not being thicker than a sheet of ordinary writing paper.
In using this process it will readily be seen that only so much of the
tool is tempered as is immersed. Thus the handles of files or the of
eyes
axes or hatchets remain in a malleable state or soft, and are consequently
not liable to break from sudden blows or in bending..
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE FROM PULVERIZED OR POWDERED CLAY OF CASTOR RUNNERS, DOOR KNOBS, AND OTHER ARTICLES REQUIRING A HOLE THROUGH OR A RECESS IN THEM
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Minton Taylor at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th February 1872.
I, ROBERT MINTON TAYLOR, of Fenton, near Stoke-upon-Trent, in
the County of Stafford, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE
FROM PULVERIZED OR POWDERED CLAY OF CASTOR RUNNERS, DOOR KNOBS, AND
OTHER ARTICLES REQUIRING A HOLE THROUGH OR A RECESS IN THEM," to be
as follows:
The object of the Invention is to obtain increased facility and accuracy
in the manufacture from clay in a pulverized or powdered state of castor
runners, door knobs, and other articles requiring a hole through or a
recess in them.
In proceeding to effect my improvements the pulverized or powdered
clay is moulded into the desired form by compression as has heretofore
been practised in the making of tiles and tesserae, and the apparatus
employed is provided with a ram and top plunger similar in their
operation to those heretofore employed, but there is attached thereto

page_text: a ring or guide to regulate the depth of pressure, and thereby insure
accuracy in the thickness or depth of the articles produced.
The central hole or receptacle of the apparatus forming the matrix or
die is provided with a moveable bottom or bottom plunger formed to
slide on a fixed rod or stem corresponding in figure to that of the
desired hole or recess in the article produced. When the desired
compression of the clay used in forming the article has been effected
the rising of the bottom plunger on the fixed rod or stem releases
or lifts the article produced. The matrix or box in which the mov-
able bottom slides is pierced with holes for releasing compressed air,
and preventing the article from being what is technically called
"windblown."
IMPROVED APPARATUS For FACILITATING BReathing in ImpuRE ATMOSPHERES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Lowe at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th September
1872.
I, THOMAS LOWE, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS For
FACILITATING BReathing in ImpuRE ATMOSPHERES," to be as follows:-
This Invention is designed for the purpose of affording the means of
breathing pure air to persons who have occasion to enter mines
containing fire-damp or other deleterious gases, or into wells, sewers,
gasometers, brewers' vats, or other places or vessels containing noxious
gases, or where the air is otherwise in such an impure state as to bo
unfit for breathing, and will also be found exceedingly useful in several
chemical operations where dangerous or offensive gases are evolved, and
also in grinding and other manufacturing operations to prevent the
emery or metallic or other dust from being drawn into the lungs.
The apparatus consists of a partial mask of leather or other suitable
substance made to cover the mouth and nose and close the nostrils, and
is fastened by means of a strap and buckle or other similar contrivance.

page_text: The inner side of this partial mask is provided with a short flattened
tube connected to two branch pipes furnished with valves opening in
opposite directions, one of such branch pipes being connected with a
long clastic tube leading to the supply of pure air.
The valves are so constructed and arranged that upon placing the
flattened tube in the mouth and compressing the nostrils, the play of
the lungs will at each inspiration draw in the pure air through the
elastic tube, the valve in the branch pipe of which opens only inwards,
and upon each expiration will force out the vitiated air from the lungs
through the other branch pipe, the valve in which opens only outwards,
and thus the breathing of pure air under the above mentioned cir-
cumstances is facilitated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROTECTING WALLS AND OTHER ERECTIONS OP BRICK, STONE, IRON, AND WOOD, FROM MOISTURE
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Knott at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
October 1872.
I, ROBERT KNOTT, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Chemist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PROTECTING WALLS AND OTHER ERECTIONS OP BRICK, STONE, IRON, AND WOOD,
FROM MOISTURE," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in the use of a certain composition to be
applied after the manner of paint to walls and other erections of
brick, stone, iron, and wood. For this purpose I take dissolved glue
or other gelatinous or gummose substance or substances allied thereto,
and add to them a solution of bichromate of potash, or those allied
materials which, as a known chemical fact, render the said substances
insoluble after they have been exposed to light.
The compound so formed may be applied in any ordinary manner
to effect a coating of the erection to be protected. As any quantity

page_text: of the bi-chromate has more or less the desired effect, the proportions
of the materials may be varied, but I have found the following
composition to answer :- Glue, 32 ounces; bichromate of potash,
4 ounces; water, one gallon.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TEMPERING STEEL
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Spencer and Walter
Muckersie Smith at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 31st December 1872.
We, GEORGE SPENCER, Civil Engineer, of 77, Cannon Street, London,
Middlesex, and WALTER MUCKERSIE SMITH, Engineer, of Henniker
Cottage, Chandos Road, Stratford, Essex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TEMPERING STEEL," to be as
follows:-
Our improvements in tempering steel are as follows:-After bringing
the steel to a suitable temperature by heat we plunge the steel first into
an oil bath to toughen it, and then into a water bath to impart the
required degree of hardness. We find by this means that any temper
required may be imparted to the steel, and by a proper management of
the combination of the above two processes steel may be obtained
suitable for springs for locomotive engines, carriages, or any description
of bearing springs, guns, plates for boilers, and other purposes, wheel
tyres and axles, and without a second heat.

page_text: We do not claim as new tempering steel by oil alone, or by water
alone, as such are commonly practised singly, but what we claim as new
is the combination. described above.
The oil and water may be placed in one vessel, the oil floating on the
water; or in separate tanks, one for the oil and the other for the water. 5
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF SOLID INDIA-RUBBER TUBING AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Quin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
December 1872.
I, JAMES QUIN, of Leyland, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF SOLID INDIA-RUBBER TUBING AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
EMPLOYED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of solid seamless india-
rubber tubing for gas and other purposes, and consists principally of a
method of and apparatus for forming such tubing by pressing the rubber
whilst in a plastic state through a die in a somewhat similar manner to
that in which lead tubing is made.
The india-rubber after mastication and whilst in a plastic state is
placed into one end of a cylinder which is kept at a proper heat by
means of a steam jacket. The other end of the cylinder is formed
conical and terminates in a die of the required form, and the india-rubber
is forced out through this die by means of a piston which is moved

page_text: forward by a screw or other pressure, the die being kept well supplied
with a suitable lubricant during the operation.
The tubing may be made in this manner without a coiled wire lining
if requisite, but if a wire lining is required the coil of wire is passed
through a tube on which the piston rod (which is made hollow) works.
This tube terminates at the dic, and as the solid rubber tube issues
through the latter it takes hold of the wire coil in its interior and carries
it through with it.
By working at a lower temperature and employing a suitable lubricant,
gutta-percha tubing may also be made by this machine, in which case no
wire coil will be required.
·
A NEW METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING IN RAILWAY, TRAMWAY, AND SIMILAR AXLE BOXES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Glover, junior, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th October 1872.
I, RICHARD GLOVER, junior, of Surinam House, Stratford, in the
County of Essex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING IN RAILWAY, TRAMWAY,
AND SIMILAR AXLE BOXES," to be as follows :—
A joined band of flexible liquid proof material (A, A,) encircles
the axle (B, B,) at C, having one of its edges closely secured upon the
back of the axle box (D, D,) at E, E, about the opening surrounding
the axle arm, and the other of its edges closely secured upon a metal
rim plate (F, F, ) loose upon and around the axle. This rim plate has
its outer (well prepared) surface pressed against a corresponding (well
prepared) surface upon a fixed flange around the axle or upon the boss.
of the wheel (in the latter case the attachments of the wheel and axle,
and of the key and key way, are made liquid tight) as at G, G. This
pressure is maintained by springs (H, H,) between the rim plate
(F, F,) and a loose collar (I, I,) upon the axle, this collar bearing
upon one (J, J,) fixed to the axle. The rods which carry the springs

page_text: emanate from the rim plate and pass through the loose collar. A
suitable projection (K) on the top of the loose collar is brought into
easy contact with the box or its fittings as at L, and holds the rim
plate, springs, loose collar, and band steadfast during the revolution
of the wheel and axle.
The contact of the surfaces is protected from dust, &c., by an
encircling rim (M, M,) or in boxes sufficiently extended rearwards;
much or all of the machinery may be within the box, though
necessarily between the bearing and the boss of the wheel.
The letters herein attached to the terms are in reference to the 1
accompanying Drawing, but the idea is not limited to the particular
fashion there illustrated, but the Invention consists of these special
fittings so composed as to improve the retention of the liquids, by
allowing no emission except between the closely pressed surfaces (G, G,)
to obtain that pressure without strain upon the box or guard, and to
permit, by reason of the flexibility of the band, the descent of the box
with the wear of the bearing upon the journal.
The benefits derived will be economy, cleanliness, and protection in
the operation of the lubricants, and the numerous advantages which
result from the power to fill axle boxes so that the journal works 2
immersed in, or in actual contact with, its lubricating liquid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PURIFICATION OF ILLUMINATING GAS AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREFOR
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Young and Alfred Kitt
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 3rd April 1872.
We, HENRY YOUNG, Gas Inspector, and ALFRED KITT, Manager, both
of the Gaslight and Coke Company, Horseferry Road, in the City of
Westminster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PURIFICATION OF ILLUMINATING GAS AND IN APPARATUS
TO BE USED THEREFOR," to be as follows:-
The chief object of this Invention is to remove from illuminating gas
the sulphur or sulphur compounds which it contains. This object we
propose to attain either by treating the gas after it passes from the
ordinary purifiers, or before it leaves the works, or by passing it through
a purifier before it enters or after it has passed through the meter of the
consumer. In treating the gas on the works we pass it through a
series of purifying vessels consisting by preference of vertical cylinders
fitted with a false bottom, and connected at top and bottom with pipes
which will allow of the gas passing through the several cylinders in
succession from the bottom upwards. These cylinders we propose to fill

page_text: with charcoal either alone or in combination with burnt or unburnt
clay. This filling forms a porous medium through which the gas can
freely pass. The gas, after being purified as at present in the dry lime
and other purifiers and thereby deprived of the greater portion of its
impurities, is ready to be subjected to our improved or supplementary
process of purification. For this purpose it enters the first charcoal
purifier at the bottom, and passing upwards through the charcoal leaves
therein a portion of its remaining impurities. It then passes off at top
and enters a second purifying vessel, and subsequently a third or more if
thought desirable. By thus being filtered through colums of charcoal
the gas will be caused to deposit the sulphur which it contains, which
When the first
sulphur may afterwards be removed by lixiviation.
column of charcoal is saturated, it is to be thrown out of the series and
another brought into connection therewith, and the process will proceed
as before. Instead of applying the purifying material in a dry state, we
propose in some cases to keep it in suspension in water by constant
agitation, and to pass the gas through the water through the purifying
material while in suspension.
When applying the Invention on the premises of the consumer, a
small closed cylinder fitted with a false bottom and charged with the
charcoal or purifying compound is connected with the meter, and the gas
as it passes to or from the meter is caused to traverse through the
purifying material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING LIQUIDS TO BE BURNED FOR ILLUMINATING PURPOSES
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Benjamin White, Chemist, and Patrick Thoms
Hendry, Commission Merchant, both of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TREATING LIQUIDS TO BE BURNED FOR ILLUMINATING PURPOSES."-A com-
munication from abroad by Joseph Hale, junior, residing at
Cincinnati, United States.
Sealed the 4th March 1873, and dated the 27th December 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Benjamin White and
Patrick Thoms Hendry at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th December 1872.
We, BENJAMIN WHITE, Chemist, and PATRICK THOMS HENDRY,
5 Commission Merchant, both of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
“IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING LIQUIDS TO BE BURNED FOR ILLUMINATING PURPOSES,'
"

page_text: which Invention has been communicated to us from abroad by Joseph
Hale, junior, residing at Cincinnati, United States, to be as follows, that
is to say-
This Invention has for its object to render any of the lighter hydro-
carbons oils known as napthas, and obtained by well known distillation &
processes from crude petroleum, or paraffin, or other mineral oils, better
adapted than heretofore for illuminating purposes.
The Invention consists in taking naphtha of a specific gravity of about
60 or 65 degrees, Beaumé, and mixing every.forty-gallons.of.it with four
pounds pulverised alum, five ounces camphor, two pounds starch, (by 1
preference that obtained from potatoes), and four ounces oil of sassafras.
The mixture is kept for two or three days and is well stirred at intervals,
after which the liquid part is separated by filtration and is then
ready for use.