IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING MACHINERY, BOXES AND CORES, AND MATERIALS EMPLOYED IN MOULDING; SUCH IMPROVEMENTS ARE IN UNISON AND APPLICABLE FOR MOULDING ALL SOLID, HOLLOW, CIRCULAR, CYLINDRICAL, SQUARE, OVAL, AND VARIOUS OTHER PATTERNS FOR METAL AND OTHER CASTINGS AND PLASTIC MATERIALS, AND THE SAID MECHANICAL CONTRIVANCES EMPLOYED IN MOULDING
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Harold Tyrrell Grainger, of 38, New Church Road,
Camberwell, in the County of Surrey, Ironfounder and Mechanical Engineer,
for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING MACHINERY, BOXES AND
CORES, AND MATERIALS EMPLOYED IN MOULDING; SUCH IMPROVEMENTS ARE
IN UNISON AND APPLICABLE FOR MOULDING ALL SOLID, HOLLOW, CIRCULAR,
CYLINDRICAL, SQUARE, OVAL, AND VARIOUS OTHER PATTERNS FOR METAL
AND OTHER CASTINGS AND PLASTIC MATERIALS, AND THE SAID MECHANICAL
CONTRIVANCES EMPLOYED IN MOULDING."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Harold Tyrrell Grainger at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th November 1880.
HAROLD TYRRELL GRAINGER, of 38, New Church Road, Camberwell, in the
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
County of Surrey, Iron Founder and Mechanical Engineer.
MOULDING MACHINERY, BOXES AND CORES, AND MATERIALS EMPLOYED IN
MOULDING; SUCH IMPROVEMENTS ARE IN UNISON AND APPLICABLE FOR MOULDING
ALL SOLID, HOLLOW, CIRCULAR, CYLINDRICAL, SQUARE, OVAL, AND VARIOUS
OTHER PATTERNS FOR METAL AND OTHER CASTINGS AND PLASTIC MATERIALS,
AND THE SAID MECHANICAL CONTRIVANCES EMPLOYED IN MOULDING."
My Invention embraces and relates to improvements in the construction of
moulding machinery for moulding articles in iron, brass, and other metals, either
horizontally, vertically, or at any other desired angle, whereby several articles,
either circular, square, oval, cylindrical, or of other form or shape, and whether
solid or hollow, or of various lengths and diameters, can be moulded simultaneously
in one or inore moulding boxes or castings made under my improved process, will
be more perfectly moulded and correct to pattern of any indicated weight, diameter,
or length than hitherto made, and, as in the case of sash weights, one pattern only is
required to mould various lengths or sizes and indicated weights; thus 1 dispense
with a multiplicity of patterns or parts of patterns for various lengths and sizes, as
is now the case.
My moulding machine is constructed of one or several benches or tables, one or
more of which is fixed or stationary, and one or more I construct so as to slide or

page_text: move parallel on grooved or flanged wheels running on rails for the purpose of
carrying the patterns to and fro to be moulded by motion given or transmitted
by pulley, drum, spur wheel, pinion, rack, and fly wheel, or other mechanical
motion.
My moulding box or boxes are constructed, not as ordinary iron or brass founders'
boxes are, with top, box, part, and drag (or bottom) part, but the top, bottom,
sides, and ends can be made in one piece or otherwise, and I sometimes construct
them with open or loose ends and tops, and in some instances with ends and tops
partially left open, to be subsequently fitted or otherwise.
I propose in some instances to form a circular or other shaped opening, or a
series of openings of certain sizes and measurements at either end of moulding box
or boxes, and such opening or openings are for the reception of circular or cylin-
drical collars to slide into, through which the patterns are made to slide, and in
some instances to rotate in such cylinders or collars, have on the outside one or
more studs, lugs, or trunnions, which fit into corresponding slots formed in end
of moulding box, so that when the pattern or patterns are being rotated, the
cylinders or collars may remain stationary. Fillets can be cast on each side of
moulding boxes at certain measurements to admit of a false end being inserted
between such fillets when moulding from patterns of a certain indicated
length.
One or more fillets or ribs can be cast inside moulding box at bottom longitu-
dinally, for the purpose or to serve as a guide or guides to the rammers.
Such
rammers I make of wood, metal, or other suitable material, having slots to corre-
spond with as many patterns as are being moulded, and also slots in upper portion
of rammers to clear the runner sticks (for gates) as contained in each box at time
of moulding.
At certain measurements or distances from end of moulding box or boxes, I fit
and affix by bolts, nuts, screws, or otherwise to the stationary bench or benches
pluminer blocks (or bearings) for spindle or spindles which carry the patterns, and
to correspond and be parallel with collar holes in end of moulding box or boxes for
patterns to slide or rotate in.
On the top of sliding table or tables I also affix by bolts, nuts, screws, or other-
wise, plummer blocks in line and parallel to those on the stationary benches for
spindles which carry the patterns to also slide and rotate in and at or about end of
sliding bench or table; or beneath such table or tables I fit and aflix cross head or
heads to carry gear for transmitting motion, either rotatory or otherwise, to patterns
when being moulded horizontally.
The cross head or heads, plummer blocks, and moulding boxes above referred to
can be by mechanisin raised from bench or benches, or lowered in accordance, as
may be required (for instance, if a 4 inch rain water pipe is being moulded, and
subsequently a 36 inch water or gas main pipe is the next pattern to be moulded,
the necessary cross head and other gear would have to be raised considerably to
admit of the larger size pipe to be moulded), depending entirely upon the various
diameters of patterns to be moulded.
One or more guide rods can be applied and affixed parallel to pattern carrying
spindles, either round, square, or archimedean, so that when motion is given or
transmitted by hand, steam, or other motive power to the spindles carrying the
patterns, the guide rods will thus allow the patterns to be withdrawn from moulding
boxes with precision.
When cores are necessary I propose to use, in some instances, vitrified clay, in
others sand or carboniferous substances, or other suitable material diluted with
clay, water, nolasses, size, or other suitable fluid to increase the adhesive properties
of such for core making, and in others hay bands and plastic clay, chilled iron, or
other suitable material.
I affix metal sockets to either or both ends of core bar when moulding large gas
or water main pipes, such metal ends have a socket with internal thread fixed in
centre of the end, so that an auxiliary carrying spindle or shaft, and such shaft is

page_text: also held in position by plummer blocks or bearings on auxiliary table or bench.
I fix on end of auxiliary spindle or shaft a nipple to be screwed into the end socket
of core bar, which is then thrust through mould (already formed) and screwed into
socket at end of core bar to afford the necessary support to core whilst being
inserted into mould, and thus both the corc and mould are preserved intact
and from being damaged, and insures the core bar being correctly inserted into
mould.
In carrying into effect the manufacture of sash weights, for which this my
improved arrangement and method is very suitable, I proceed as follows, viz. :-
The moulding box or boxes are placed on benches either to slide or be fixed, as
specified herein, and not on the floor as in ordinary foundries. The circular or
cylindrical collars are then inserted into the circular openings at ends of moulding
boxes, the patterns from which the castings are to be made having been keyed on
to or affixed on revolving spindles, which in turn are affixed to gearing on the
sliding or movable benches, are then by mechanism, as herein specified, moved
longitudinally and parallel to stationary benches, so that the patterns to be moulded
penetrate the circular or cylindrical openings at end of the moulding boxes to a
certain and indicated length, so that castings, any desired length or indicated
weight can be made, and thus I obviate or dispense with patterns for each size, as
is now the case.
Shifting or sliding collars can be securely affixed at any desired measurement on
spindle carrying pattern, and such shifting or sliding collars are held in position by
binding screws or otherwise,
At or near the ends of patterns to be moulded I form slots, into which the
runner sticks (for gates) are inserted whilst the boxes are being rammed up with
moulding sand or other suitable material; and when the boxes are rammed
sufficiently, the patterns are by means of a rotary motion given or transmitted, as
herein described, is thus communicated uniformly to the whole of the patterns being
employed, and which are then, by motion given or transmitted to the sliding table,
withdrawn together with the cylinders or collars which had been inserted into end
of moulding box; and one or more cores, either circular or any other suitable
shape, with dome top cone or cap at one end of same, are then inserted into the
mould thus formed, the same having an aperture through centre for reception of
another core or cores, which may be composed of either core sand, chilled iron,
vetrified clay, carboniferous substances, or other suitable material as aforesaid, such
core or cores are indented with figures, or numbers, or letters to indicate size or
weights of castings to be made.
Having described the several materials, parts, and appliances used in constructing
my improved method of moulding, and combination of the various parts, and the
mechanical action thereof, castings can be made more expeditiously, and also at far
less cost, than heretofore.
Under my improved process, gas, water main, rain water, and other pipes can be
moulded with greater dispatch and in a far superior manner than heretofore, and
the mode under which I proceed to mould large gas or water main pipes is as
follows, viz. :-
The moulding box or boxes can be placed on the fixed moulding benches, as
specified herein, and for that purpose I bring into play over-head travelling gear.
The patterns are then keyed on to the revolving gear on the sliding or movable
benches, which are then by mechanism, as specified herein, noved longitudinally
and parallel to stationary benches, so as to penetrate or be inserted through the
orifices or circular openings at ends of boxes up to the end of socket of pattern
pipe to be moulded, runner sticks for gates are then inserted at various distances,
and the boxes are then to be rainmed up, as herein described, with sand or other
suitable material, pipes any desired length can be made by simply sliding down
into fillets or grooves at sides of moulding boxes a false end, and after the box is
rammed up and runner sticks removed, the patterns are by rotary motion revolved,
so that the casting to be made may be clean, smooth, and of one uniform thickness

page_text: throughout. The patterns are then withdrawn from the moulds, and the auxiliary
carrying spindles are then thrust through apertures from opposite ends of moulding
box and screwed into socket at end of core bar, for the purpose of preventing the
deflection and damage to cores, and to preserve the mould and core intact, and
assist in supporting the cores whilst being carried or slid into moulds. The ends
of moulding boxes are then closed and inade sound by sliding discs, collars, or
otherwise, and the boxes are then, by the over head travelling gear, removed from
benches, and are thus prepared for pouring.
I sometimes adopt another system when desiring to accomplish a similar purpose,
as herein and previously described (but differing in some respects), when preparing
the moulds for moulding circular, hollow, or cylindrical articles, and the mode I
adopt to accomplish and perfect such moulds without the aid of patterns is as
under, vis. The runner sticks for gates are first inserted in their suitable positions
and to the required depth; the boxes are then rammed up solid (without any
pattern being used) with sand, loom, or other suitable material. I then proceed to
insert into circular opening at end of moulding box an instrument, preferably in
the shape or form of a screw, worm, or shell augur, or of other pattern, either solid
or hollow, with internal cutters, and which I then employ for the purpose of boring
out, and thus forming the mould to the required length of casting required to be
produced.
The boring patterns may have shifting collars with OG or any other pattern
sweeps when preparing the mould for columns, socket pipes, or similar articles
which may have or require a greater diameter at the end. The shifting collars can
be set or affixed on the boring pattern at any distance from end, to admit of
castings being made from one pattern only of varying lengths, thus saving the extra
cost of a multiplicity of patterns.
Rain water pipes I mould in boxes which are very similar to those herein
previously described, excepting that the boxes are somewhat longer and deeper,
and the following is the method I adopt, viz. :-Patterns of either iron, steel, or
hard wood, or other suitable material are turned in a lathe perfectly true and
correct to diameter of casting required to be moulded, such patterns have slots made
in them in the positions suitable for the insertion of runner sticks (for gates.)
I then aflix a series of such patterns to the pattern carrying spindles or shafts,
having previously inserted into end of moulding boxes to the required depth a
print, having the cars attached, or they may be loose. The sliding tables are then
by mechanism, as previously described, inoved forward, so that the carrying pattern
spindles or shafts are by those means inserted through circular holes in ends of
boxes to length of pipe required to be moulded. The runner sticks are then
inserted, and the boxes are rainmed up as herein described, and the ends of moulding
box are made sound, as previously described, or a gate may be made at end for
pouring. When shorter lengths than six feet are required to be moulded, the
portable false ends are inserted vertically between fillets or ribs at the sides of
inoulding boxes for that purpose, and thus one pattern only is required when
moulding pipes of various lengths as previously described.
Hot water and other pipes and various other articles, as patterns for castings
which may have a swell boss, or a series of such projections on the same, I proceed
to mould in two or more flanged boxes, so that the patterns are divided when such
projections occur at or near the centre of such, and each pattern is moulded in a
similar manner as previously described, and when patterns are withdrawn the
various parts of boxes are butted and affixed together by screws, bolts, and nuts,
cotter pins, or otherwise.
It will be evident that the machinery previously described may be readily
adapted and employed for the purpose of moulding clay and other plastic materials
in the manufacture of sanitary, drain, and other pipes and other articles.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Harold Tyrrell Grainger in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 18th
May 1881.
HAROLD TYRRELL GRAINGER, of 38, New Church Road, Camberwell, in the
County of Surrey, Iron Founder and Mechanical Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MOULDING MACHINERY, BOXES AND CORES, AND MATERIALS EMPLOYED IN
MOULDING; SUCH IMPROVEMENTS ARE IN UNISON AND APPLICABLE FOR MOULDING
ALL SOLID, HOLLOW, CIRCULAR, CYLINDRICAL, SQUARE, OVAL, AND VARIOUS
OTHER PATTERNS FOR METAL AND OTHER CASTINGS AND PLASTIC MATERIALS,
AND THE SAID MECHANICAL CONTRIVANCES EMPLOYED IN MOULDING."
My Invention embraces and relates to improvements in the construction of
moulding machinery for moulding articles in iron, brass, and other metals, either
horizontally, vertically, or at any desired angle, whereby several articles (either
circular, square, oval, cylindrical, or of certain other forms or shapes, and whether
solid or hollow, or of various lengths and diameters) can be moulded simultaneously
in one or more moulding boxes, and castings made under my improved process will
be more perfectly moulded and correct to pattern of any indicated weight, diameter,
or length than hitherto made, and as in the case of gas and water main pipes, rain
water and flange pipes and sash weights, one pattern only is required to inould
various lengths or sizes and indicated weights; thus, by means of my improvements,
I dispense with a multiplicity of patterns, or parts of patterns for various lengths
and sizes as are now practiced by iron and other metal founders.
And in order that my improvements may be clearly understood and readily
carried into practice, I will proceed to describe the same, reference being made to
the Drawings hereto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon.
My improved moulding machine is constructed of one or several benches or
tables A (Sheet 1) of the Drawings hereto annexed, one or more of which is fixed
or stationary, and one or more I construct so as to slide or move parallel on grooved
or flanged wheels running on rails, for the purpose of carrying the patterns to and
fro to be moulded by suitable motion given or transmitted by pulley, drum,
worm, spur, mitre, or bevilled wheel, rack, and fly wheel, or other mechanical
motion.
My improved moulding box or boxes B (Figures 1 and 4) are not constructed as
ordinary iron or brass founders' boxes, which have a top box part and drag (or
bottom) part, but the top, bottom, sides, and ends can be made in one piece or
otherwise, and I sometimes construct them with open or loose ends and top, and in
some instances with ends and tops partially left open to be subsequently fitted or
otherwise.
But when made without top or cover, I make the same in the form of a grating
which fits into a rabbet, and is held firmly in position by buttons or other suitable
fastening.
I propose in some instances to form a circular or other shaped opening, or a series
of openings of certain sizes and measurements, at either end of moulding box or
boxes C (Figure 5), and such opening or openings are for the reception of circular
or cylindrical collars D through which the patterns are made to slide, and in some
instances to rotate in, such cylinders or collars D (Figure 6) have on the outside
one or more studs, lugs, or trunnions E (Figures 5 and 6), which fit into corres-
ponding slots formed in the end of moulding box, so that when the pattern or
patterns are being rotated, the cylinders or collars may remain stationary.
Fillets F (Figure 4) can be cast on each side of moulding boxes at certain
measurements to admit of a false end G (Figure 7) being inserted between such
fillets when moulding from patterns of a certain indicated length.

page_text: One or more fillets os ribs H (Figure 4) can be cast inside moulding box at
bottom longitudinally, for the purpose of or to serve as a guide or guides to
rammers I (Figure 8), such rammers I make of wood, metal, or other suitable
material having slots to correspond with as many patterns as are being moulded,
and also slots in upper portion of rammers to clear the runner sticks J (Figure 9)
for gates as contained in each box at time of or when moulding.
At certain measurements or distances from end of moulding box or boxes I fit
and affix by bolts, nuts, screws, or otherwise to the stationary bench or benches,
plummer blocks K (Figures 1 and 12, or bearings for spindle or spindles L (Figures 1)
which carry the patterns, and to correspond and be parallel with collar holes in end
of moulding box or boxes for patterns to slided or rotate in.
On the top of sliding table or tables I also affix by bolts, nuts, screws, or other-
wise plummer blocks in line and parallel to those on the stationary benches for
spindles which carry the patterns also to slide and rotate in and at or about end of
sliding bench or table; or beneath such table or tables I fit and affix cross head
or heads to carry gear for transmitting motion, either rotary or otherwise, to
patterns when being moulded horizontally.
The cross head or heads, plummer blocks, and moulding boxes above referred to
can be by mechanism raised from the bench or benches, or lowered in accordance
with requirements; for instance, if a 4 inch rain water pipe is being moulded, and
subsequently a 36 inch water or gas main pipe is the next pattern to be moulded, the
necessary cross head and other gear would have to be raised considerably to admit
of the larger size pipe to be moulded; or the bench or table carrying the moulding
gear may be raised, depending entirely upon the various diameters of patterns to be
moulded.
One or more guide rods can be applied and affixed parallel to pattern carrying
spindles, either round, square, or archimedean, so that when motion is given or
transmitted by hand, steam, or other motive power to the spindles carrying the
patterns, the guide rods will thus allow the patterns to be withdrawn from the
moulding boxes with precision.
When cores are necessary I propose to use in some instances vitrified clay, in
others, sand, titanium mixed with the residuum of hard furnace coke which has
been previously calcined (but freed from silica), together with lime or other suitable
calcareous substances, or other carboniferous substances, which may have been
carbonized in a closed chamber constructed for the purpose, or other suitable
materials diluted with clay, water, molasses, size, or other suitable fluid to increase
the adhesive properties of such for core making, and in others hay bands and plastic
clay, chilled iron, or any other suitable material.
I aflix metal sockets to either or both ends of core bar when moulding large gas or
water main pipes, such metal ends have a socket with internal thread fixed in centre
of the end, so that an auxiliary carrying spindle or shaft, and such shaft is also held
in position by plummer blocks or bearings on an auxiliary table or bench.
I affix on end of auxiliary spindle or shaft, a nipple to be screwed into the end
socket of core bar, which is then thrust through mould (already formed) and
screwed into socket at end of core bar to afford the necessary support to core whilst
being inserted into mould, and thus both the core and mould are preserved intact
and from being damaged, and insures correct insertion of the core bar into the
mould.
In carrying into effect the manufacture of sash weights, for which this my
improved arrangement and method of moulding is very suitable, I proceed as
follows, viz. :-
The moulding box or boxes are placed on benches either to slide or be fixed as
specified herein, and not on the floor as in ordinary foundries.
The circular or cylindrical collars are then inserted into the circular openings at
ends of moulding boxes, and the patterns from which the castings are to be made
having been keyed on or affixed to revolving spindles, which in turn are affixed to
gearing on the sliding or movable benches, are then (by suitable mechanism as

page_text: herein specified) moved longitudinally and parallel to stationary benches, so that
the patterns to be moulded penetrate the circular or cylindrical openings at end of
the moulding boxes to a certain and indicated length, so that castings any desired
length or indicated weight can be made, and thus the necessity for numerous
patterns for each size and weight according to present system is obviated.
Shifting or sliding collars M (Figure 1) can be securely affixed at any desired
measurement on spindle carrying pattern, and such shifting or sliding collars are
held in position by binding screws or otherwise.
At or near ends or patterns to be moulded I form slots into which the runner
sticks (for gates) are inserted whilst the boxes are being rammed up with moulding
sand or other suitable material, and when the boxes are rammed sufficiently a
rotary motion is given or transmitted (as herein described), which is communicated
uniformly to the whole of the patterns being employed, which are then by motion
given or transmitted to the sliding table withdrawn together with the cylinders or
collars which had been inserted into the end of moulding box, and one or more cores N
(Figure 10), either circular or any other suitable shape, with dome top, cone, or
cap at one end of same, are then inserted into the mould thus formed, the same
having an aperture through centre for reception of another core or cores O, P,
and Q (Figures 11, 12, 13, and 14), which may be composed of either core sand,
chilled iron, vitrified clay, carboniferous substances, or other suitable material as
aforesaid; such core or cores are indented with figures, numbers, or letters, to
indicate size or weight of casting to be made.
Having described the several materials, parts, and appliances used in constructing
and carrying out my improved method of inoulding, and combination of the various
parts and the mechanical action thereof, castings can be made more expeditiously
and also at far less expence than heretofore.
Under my improved process, gas and water main pipes R (Figure 15), rain water,
stack piping S (Figures 16, 17, and 1S), flanged pipes T (Figure 19), and other
pipes, can be moulded with greater dispatch and in a far superior inanner than
heretofore.
The manner in which I proceed to mould large gas or water main pipes is as
follows, viz.
The moulding box or boxes can be placed on the fixed or sliding moulding
benches as specified herein, and for that purpose I bring into play overhead
travelling gear. The patterns are then keyed on to the revolving gear on the fixed
or the sliding or movable benches, which are then by mechanism as specified herein
moved longitudinally and parallel to stationary benches, so as to penetrate or be
inserted through the orifices or circular openings at ends of boxes up to the end of
socket of pattern pipe to be moulded X (Figure 2). Runner sticks for gates are
are then inserted at various distances, and the boxes are then to be rammed up as
herein described with sand or other suitable material.
Pipes any desired length can be made by simply sliding down into fillets or
grooves at sides of moulding boxes a false end, and after the box is rammed up
and runner sticks removed the patterns are by rotary motion revolved, so that
the casting to be made may be clean, smooth, and of one uniform thickness
throughout.
The patterns are then withdrawn from the moulds, and the auxiliary carrying
spindles thrust through apertures from opposite end of moulding box, and screwed
into socket at end of core bar for the purpose of preventing the deflection of
and damage to cores, and to preserve the mould and core intact, and assist in
supporting the cores whilst being carried or introduced into moulds.
The ends of moulding boxes are then closed and made sound by sliding discs,
collars, or otherwise, and the boxes are then by the overhead travelling gear
removed from benches, and are thus prepared and ready for pouring.
In moulding flanged pipes, one flange forms part of pattern, and the other is
formed by inserting at other end of box a print or ring, and when the box is

page_text: rammed up to length of pipo required the core is inserted and the end is made
sound as previously explained.
I sometimes adopt another system.when desiring to accomplish a similar purpose,
as herein and previously described, but differing in some respects when preparing
the moulds for moulding circular, hollow, or cylindrical articles, and the mode
I adopt to accomplish and perfect such moulds without the aid of patterns is as
under, viz. :-
The runner sticks for gates are first inserted in their suitable positions and to
the required depth; the boxes are then rammed up solid (without any pattern
being used) with sand, loam, or other suitable material. I then proceed to insert
into circular opening at end of moulding box an instrument preferably in the
shape or form of a screw worm or shell augar, or of other pattern, either solid or
hollow, with internal cutters, and which I then employ for the purpose of boring
out and thus forming the mould to the required length of casting required to be
produced.
The boring patterns may have shifting collars with O G or any other pattern
sweeps when preparing the mould for columns; sockets, pipes, or similar articles,
which may have or require a greater diameter at the end; the shifting collars can
be set or affixed on the boring pattern at any distance from end to admit of castings
being made from one pattern only of varying lengths, thus saving the extra cost of
a multiplicity of patterns.
Rain water pipes S (Figure 15) I mould in boxes which are very similar to
those herein and previously described, excepting that the boxes are somewhat longer
and deeper.
The following is the method I adopt, viz. :-
Patterns of either iron, steel, or hard wood, or other suitable material, aro
turned in a lathe perfectly true and correct to diameter of casting required to be
moulded; such patterns have slots made in them in the positions suitable for the
insertion of runner sticks (for gates); I then aflix a series of such patterns to the
pattern carrying spindles or shafts, having previously inserted into ends of moulding
boxes to the required depth a print having the ears attached, or they may be
loose.
The sliding tables are then by mechanism, as previously described, moved
forward so that the carrying pattern spindles or shafts are by those means
inserted through circular holes in ends of boxes to length of pipe required to be
moulded.
The runner sticks are then inserted, and the boxes are rammed up as herein
described, and the ends of moulding boxes are made sound, as previously described,
or a gate may be made at end for pouring.
When shorter lengths than six feet are required to be moulded the portable
false ends are inserted vertically between fillets or ribs at sides of moulding boxes
for that purpose; thus one pattern only is required when moulding pipes of various
lengths, as previously described.
Hot water pipes, such as U (Figure 20), and other pipes and various other
articles as patterns for castings, which may have a swell boss or a series of such
projections on same, I proceed to mould in two or more flanged boxes, so that the
patterns are divided where such projections occur at or near the centre of such,
and each pattern is moulded in a similar manner, as herein described. When the
patterns are withdrawn the various parts of boxes are butted and affixed together
by screws, bolts, and nuts, cotter pins, or otherwise.
In moulding branch or junction pipes I make a slot in the main or straight pipe
to admit of the insertion of the branch or junction pattern, as shown in the
Drawing at S (Figure 16).
Columns, either plain or ornamental, such as V and W (Figures 21 and 22) can
also be moulded in a similar manner, as previously described.
Also garden roller, lawn mower, and various other cylinders, can be moulded by
my improved process.

page_text: It will be evident that the machinery previously described may be readily
adapted and employed for the purpose of moulding clay and other plastic materials
in the manufacture of sanitary, drain, and other pipes, chimney pots, and various
other articles, and in carrying into effect the moulding of plastic material, such as
sanitary tubes, I proceed as follows, vis. :-
The plastic material or pulp, after having been pugged or disintegrated, is forced
into a hopper, and by means of an archimedean splayed worm working within such
hopper is forced upon a cone shaped circular core bar.
Around the centre core bar I fix segments to form the outer or wall of moulding
box. A space is thus formed for the reception of the plastic material, and into
which space the plastic material is then pressed by the archimedean screw or worm
till such space be completely filled, and the circular core bar is by motion given or
transmitted, as previously described, made to revolve so that the inner surface of
pipe be render quite smooth and even.
Such segments forming outer wall of moulding box may also be made to revolve
and be constructed of either wood, iron, or other suitable material, and be affixed
by bolts, buttons, or other suitable fastenings.
When pipes of large diameter are being moulded I prefer the outer wall of
moulding box to be in one entire cylinder, and in some instances be made to slide
up above the level or top of mould to admit of mould when formed to be more
readily removed from moulding stool.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the methods of applying
the same for the purpose of moulding by machinery various articles, and also the
manner of fitting and fixing the various appliances, I would have it understood
that I do not claim any of the parts separately, which are well known and in
common use, but what I claim is,-
First. The improved arrangement and combination of moulding machine,
together with the various parts and appliances for the purpose of moulding &
number of articles of varying lengths and diameters at one and the same time, and
in a superior manner and more expeditiously than that now practiced, substantially
as herein set forth and represented in the Drawings annexed.
Secondly. The improved methods of constructing boxes for moulding purposes,
substantially as and for the purposes herein shown and specified.
Thirdly. The making of improved cores for castings composed of agglomerated
carboniferous and other substances, with lime, clay, or other suitable substances, as
herein set forth.
Fourthly. The improved arrangement, combination, and construction of patterns,
substantially as herein shewn and specified, from which numerous castings of
varying lengths can be moulded simultaneously so as to dispense with patterns for
each size and weight as is now practiced.
Fifthly. The improved general arrangement of machinery for moulding articles
in plastic materials, substantially as herein shown and set forth.
Sixthly. The improved modes and apparatus or combinations thereof to admit of
numerous articles being moulded in one or several moulding boxes at one and the
same time, such as columns, rain water, gas and water main pipes, and other
articles, substantially in the manner hereinbefore described and represented in the
Drawings hereto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Harold Tyrrell Grainger, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
HAROLD TYRRELL GRAINGER. (L.S.)