IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS ANCHORS
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Jackson, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Manager of North Forge Ironworks, for the Invention of
T
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS ANCHORS."
Sealed the 12th March 1867, and dated the 17th September 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Jackson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th September 1866.
I, JAMES JACKSON, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Manager of
North Forge Ironworks, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS' ANCHORS," to be as follows:-
The first part of my Invention which relates to the construction of those-
anchors with flukes welded to or with the shauk, or with flukes which although-
jointed or coupled to the shank are not free to move far enough so as to allow
the outer end of the flukes to touch the shank has for its object to prevent-
fouling of the flukes by the anchor's own cable or by any other cable under
any of the conditions in which fouling at present takes place. For this
purpose I connect to the flukes at or near the extremities thereof the ends of
a flexible or articulated agent, such as wire rope or chain. The said flexible.

page_text: A
agent is passed upwards towards the stock through an eye or loop formed in
or on the shank, or is connected thereto by any other convenient means.
sufficient amount of "slack" of the flexible agent is left so that when the
anchor is in holding position the chain or rope will fold close to the surface of
the holding fluke, and thereby allow it to take the ground, whilst between
the upper fluke and the shank it will be drawn "taut" into a straight line
at such an angle that any cable or other like article or apparatus coming into
contact with it will be shipped over the upper fluke clear of it.
1
The second part of my Invention relates to the construction of the pees
and palms of anchors and the combination thereof with the flukes. The pees.
are made of a form tapering or bevilled towards the extremities, and the palms
are likewise tapered or rounded off both towards the pees and inwards, the
objects being to cause or enable them to take hold of and open the ground in
"both ways," and to leave them without projections on which a cable or other
apparatus could become fouled. Both the pees and palms are combined with
the flukes by welding, rivetting, or otherwise.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Jackson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
16th March 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
JACKSON, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Manager of North Forge
Ironworks, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the thirtieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, th
said James Jackson, Her special license, that I, the said James Jackson, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James
Jackson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUC-
TION OF SHIPS ANCHORS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
James Jackson, ny executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing

page_text: under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar mouths next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Jackson, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Sheet of
Drawings, and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say :-
The first part of my Invention which relates to the construction of those
anchors with flukes welded to or with the shank, or with flukes which although
jointed or coupled to the shank are not free to move far enough so as to allow
the outer end of the flukes to touch the shank, has for its object to prevent
fouling of the flukes by the anchor's own cable or by any other cable under
any of the conditions in which fouling at present takes place. For this
purpose I connect to the flukes at or near the extremities thereof the ends of
a flexible or articulated agent, such as wire rope or chain. The said flexible
agent is passed upwards towards the stock through an eye or. loop formed in
or on the shank, or is connected thereto by any other convenient. means. A
sufficient amount of "slack" of the flexible agent is left so that when the
anchor is in holding position the chain or rope will fold close to the surface
of the holding fluke, and thereby allow it to take the ground, whilst between
the upper fluke and the shank it will be drawn. "taut" into a straight
line at such an angle that any cable or other like article or apparatus coming
into contact with it will be caused to slip over the upper fluke clear of it.
The second part of my Invention relates to the construction of the pees
and palms of anchors and the combination thereof with the flukes. The pees
are made of a form tapering or bevelled towards the extremities, and the palms
are likewise tapered or rounded off both towards the pees and inwards, the
objects being to cause or enable them to take hold of and open the ground in
"both ways," and to leave them without projections on which a cable or other
apparatus could become fouled. Both the pees and palms are combined
with the flukes by welding, rivetting, or otherwise.
In order that my said Invention may be properly understood I have here-
unto appended a Sheet of illustrative Drawings in which both parts of the
said Invention are shewn in combination on the same anchor, although it will
be understood these said parts can be used or applied separately.

page_text: Figs. 1, 2, and 3 are perspective views of my anchor in holding and
canting position; Figs. 4 and 5 are side elevations; and Figs. 5, 6, and 7
are views of parts drawn to a larger scale than the other Figures, Fig. 5 being
a side elevation of the pee and palm, one of the flukes, and the antifouling
chain, Fig. 6 a view of the inner side of the pee and palm and part of one
of the flukes, and Fig. 7 a transverse section of Fig. 5 at the line A, B. In
all these views like letters denote the same parts.
a is the shank; b, the cable; c, the stock; d, the flukes; e, the pees;
and f, the palms. It will be observed the pees as here shewn, merge into the
palms; in practice there may be a slight indentation between them, but I
prefer the construction shewn, as the two constitute a wedge, a form well
adapted for entering the ground. g, shackles connecting the antifouling
flexible or articulated agent h to the flakes, h here consists of a piece of
chain as that is the most convenient agent both for general use and con-
venience; in fishing the anchor wire rope or bands could be successfully used ;
k passes freely through the opening i formed in the shank, the length of h
should be such that when the anchor is in holding position that part under
the shank should be close to the fluke, and the part above the shank be drawn
"taut" into a straight line.
In Fig. 9, instead of an opening being made in the shank itself two
openings are formed by pieces k fastened to the shank 7; this is a con-
venient mode of applying the first part of my Invention to anchors now in
use. The chain j is made with a bridle so that the strain shall not be thrown
on one side of the anchor. It will be obvious the angles of the pees on their
inner surfaces and elsewhere, and the angles of the palms in relation to the
other parts are such that no cable can be caught and held by them when they
are used with the first part of my Invention, and that when they are used
without the first part they possess the merit of readily opening the ground, and
thereby being more serviceable than ordinary anchors.
I would here state that I have not more particularly referred to that
class of anchors with flukes having a slight movement on a joint, as these are
well known.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and particularized
the same, I declare that what I claim under the above first part is,―
The use or employment of a chain or other flexible or articulated agent
attached to the flukes and passed or led through an opening or guide in, formed
on, or attached to the shank, substantially in the manner herein described and
shewn on the Drawings.

page_text: And under the second part I claim the combination of tapered, bevelled, or
rounded off pees and palms with flukes, substantially in the manner herein
described and shewn on the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Jackson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
In the presence of
JOHN T. KING,
Of No. 4, Clayton Square,
Liverpool.
JAMES JACKSON. (L.B.)