Improvements in Rolling Machinery for Working Metals.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Sept., 1896-Accepted, 15th May. 1897
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Rolling Machinery for Working Metals.
I, PAUL HESSE, of 9 Garten Strasse, Iserlohn, in the Kingdom of Prussia,
German Empire, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
The construction of the rolling machinery hereinafter described and illustrated!
in the accompanying drawings is based upon the following principles :-
Rolis of any shape are employed, said rolls are adjustable to any desired extent
in a direction longitudinal, transverse or skew to the metal block under treatment,.
by which arrangement it is possible to vary the direction of the fibres of the metal
in any desired manner, advantageous to the particular kind of article to be produced.
Guideways or throat pieces are employed through which the metal block may be
forced and by means of which the compactness of the same may be increased as
desired, and slag and other impurities removed, as also any pores in the metal
closed. Presses are employed to force the metal block through the rolls which are
inclined towards said block. The presses may also serve to maintain contact
between the rolls, which rotate uninterruptedly, and the metal block under
treatment.
Hydraulic pressure may also be employed to vary the radial and axial position
of the rolis according to the nature of the work to be produced.
In working various metals according to the present system, the following
advantages are obtained :-Firstly any work of a circular, full or hollow, cross.
section may be produced, and any desired longitudinal section may be imparted to
such work, which has not hitherto been practicable by means of one and the same
rolling machine, secondly any desired degree, of compactness and arrangement of
the fibres of the metal may be attained, which is of great importance in working
various kinds of metal, thirdly any kind of metal may be worked on one and the
same machine.
Iron and steel, the metals most generally employed, can only be worked when hot
and in this condition possess a certain specific tenacity, these metals can be worked,
by means of the present machinery, either quickly or slowly, with or without com-
pression and with more or less sharply defined arrangement of the fibres, whereas
lead, tin, zinc and the like, which are generally worked in a cold state, as they do
not possess sufficient tenacity or capacity for being heated, may be treated very
slowly and with but little compression in order to avoid their becoming brittle
and short.
Copper, which is expansible in a hot state, may be worked tolerably quickly, with
more or less compression and contorsion of the fibres, whereas copper alloys
(bronzes) will generally have to be worked slowly, in a cold state and with propor-
tionately slight displacement of the fibre when the metal is brittle and non-elastic,
but if on the other hand they are soft and elastic, they must be treated in the
reverse manner. In order to attain an universal rolling process of the above
description much depends on the shape of the rolls designed to exercise certain
effects on the metal under treatment.
T:
On Sheet 1 of the accompanying drawings some kinds of rolls are illustrated in

page_text: According to Figures 1, 2 and 3, sectional elevation plan view and end elevation
of a set of rolls with the metal block being worked, the centre lines of the rolls 1
are inclined towards each other at the point where the metal block 2 leaves them,
i.e. they enclose the angle 3 said rolls being arranged around the metal block 2 in
the manner shown at Figure 3. If the metal 2 is forced between the rolls 1 in the
direction of the arrow 5, it will be reduced to a diameter 6 which is equal to
the space enclosed by the ends of the rolls, which are nearest together. As the
surface of contact of the rolls 1 with the metal 2 increases towards the point of
exit of the metal from the rolls, the distance e being smaller than f, and since the
rolls have no tendency to draw in the work, but rather to press it out in the opposite
direction to that indicated by the arrow 5, the material will be energetically com-
pressed during the whole rolling process, and any fracture of the grain or fibre will
be entirely prevented. The arrangement of the rolls in this manner is particularly
adapted for working metals of low specific tenacity in a cold state, thus for instance,
lead tin zine aluminium and the like. If as shown at Figure 4 the metal block is
forced into the rolls from the opposite direction-that of the arrow 7, where it will
be reduced to the diameter 6 by the rolls 1 the said block 2 will be energetically
compressed along the surface of contact with the rolls, indicated by 8. Since the
diameter of the rolls 1 decreases along the part indicated by 9 the metal block 2
will be reduced to the diameter 6 but will not be compressed along the surface 9,
but only smoothed because the decreased circumferential speed of the rolls 1 will
offer no resistance to the block.
In Figures 5, 6 and 7 (sectional side elevation, plan and end elevation) the rolls
are arranged so that their centre lines will not cut each other and will not cut the
centre line of the metal block 2 if produced. Furthermore the rolls rotate in
the opposite direction to that of the metal block forced between them (in the
direction of the arrows 10) under high pressure, i.e. the said rolls have a tendency
to force the block back. Thus a tremendous pressure is exercised on the block in
rolling it out to the diameter 6.
This arrangement of the rolls is very advantageous in working porous, impure
metals, or metals containing slag, since all the pores, even the interior ones will be
compressed and closed, the slag and impurities will be pressed out or at any rate all
the parts will be very intimately combined. This is of particular importance in
working steel and iron, particularly cast steel blocks or lumps made in puddle
furnaces, or blocks welded under the steam hammer.
By means of the above arrangement, goods of a proportionately good quality may
be made from comparatively inferior cheap metal, the quality being still better if
the process is repeated once or twice. It is a well known fact that metal blocks,
particularly cast steel ones, which are subjected to heavy pressure in the modern
hydraulic presses, are disadvantageously influenced by their necessarily long contact
with the stamps and dies, since their surfaces get cooled down to a certain extent,
which causes interior tension in the metal. Then again the presses require a great
deal of attention, if the steel block is subjected to a heavy pressure in one
direction, i.e. from above or below, the metal will burst open at the sides, owing to
the excessive lateral displacement.
The flaws, pores etc., which are generally present in the metal, are extended by
this treatment, in fact in many cases they will be even formed, and can never be
entirely eliminated, because as is well known steel will not weld, i.e. steel cannot
stand the temperature necessary for welding. The rolling device shown at
Figures 5, 6 and 7 is therefore particularly adapted for working steel and iron, or
any porous metal. The block and the rolls rotate uninterruptedly, thus continually
changing the contacting surfaces, and preventing cooling and tension, then again the
metal under treatment is enclosed on all sides by rolls and cannot escape anywhere
or burst or become defective. The metal will be rolled out in one and the same
direction and will be subjected to a tremendous compression, reudering it very
compact. The compression takes place evenly throughout the whole block, since
the pressure (in the direction of the arrow 10) may be applied very evenly and thus

page_text: ront to the rear
De very evemy
advanced without any straining.
ompressed and ve
In Figure 8 the rolls rotate in the same manner as just described, but they are
adjusted to draw the block towards them, instead of pushing or forcing it out. If
a strong pressure in the direction of the arrow 11 is exercised on the block 2, such
pressure will either assist the rolls 1 to do their work, or may be increased to such
an extent as to exceed the take up of the rolls. In any case such energetical
compression of the metal and such a powerful displace ment of the molecules of the
same will not take place, as is the case with the arrangement shown in
Figures 5-7. This arrangement is therefore of alvantage for rolled or
compressed steel or iron blocks, as also for metals whose expansibility and structure
will not admit of such powerful working, as for instance, hard lead, bronzes and the
like. With this arrangement the power required will be less than with the other
devices.
According to Figure 9 the cylindrical form of the roll 12 is tapered to form a.
conical end so that the metal 2 will be greatly compressed along the surface 13,.
whilst at 14 the diameter will be somewhat reduced, but comparatively little
compression will take place owing to the reduction in the diameter of the rolls.
If however as shown at Figure 10 these rolls are placed skew and caused to rotate
so as to act against the direction of motion of the block 2, the latter will be even
more strongly compressed at the beginning, but as the diameter of the rolls decreases
the compression will be reduced in proportion.
If these rolls are placed as shown at Figure 10 so that the smaller diameters of
the same are further apart, which may be done by decreasing the angle 15 of
Figures 9 and 10, when the block is forced between the rolls either compression,
increasing from the smaller to the larger diameter will take place, or the inaterial
will be loosened according to whether the rolls are arranged and rotated to press
the block outwardly or draw the same in. In the latter case the rolls will work the
metal more quickly than it is fed and the metal will be, comparatively speaking,
loosened,
From the above it will be clear that the manner in which the metal is to be.
treated will depend on the foran and position of the rolls and the direction of
pressure on the block.
Figs. 11 to 16 show one form of carrying the present invention into practice.
Fig. 11 is a section on the line a-b of Figure 12,
Fig. 12 is a sectional plan of the machine,"
Fig. 13 an end elevation of Figure 12,
Fig. 14 a rear end elevation of Figure 12 with the cylinder and pulley
removed and
Figs. 15-16 are detail views hereinafter referred to.
The sleeves 20 of the rolls 1 are mounted at their forward ends on sliding
blocks 21 supported in standards 22, all said rolls being simultaneously radially
adjustable by means of hand wheels 23, chain wheels 24 and chain 25, said gears
connecting by bevel gears to the spindles of the slides 21, which are screw threaded
and revolubly attached to said slides, engaging with their threads in a fixed
interiorily threaded sleeve of the standards 22, so that when said hand wheel is
rotated all the guide spindles will be simultaneously adjusted in their threaded
sleeves and shift the roll ends i equally. The rear ends of the roll sleeves are
swivelled at 26 to a revolubly mounted frame 27, adjustable round its axis within
certain limits by means of slots and pins as indicated at Figure 14 and capable of
movement to effect such adjustment by means of a ring of teeth 29 thereon and a
pinion 28 engaging said ring and operated by a hand wheel 30. Thus the rolls may
be simultaneously skewed with regard to the metal under treatment, since their
supporting slides 21 are revoluble and permit of the adjustment of the rear ends into
the skew position. The rolls may thus be adjusted into any of the positions shown
in Figures 1 to 8.
If the inetal block 2 under treatment is passed into the throat piece 31 fast on

page_text: the machine frame, and pressure brought to bear thereon, by means of the
pressure piston 32, piston rod 33 with revoluble pressure head 34, the rolls may
be adjusted to any of the positions shown in Figures 1 to 8, and may be caused to
influence the metal in a variety of ways as will be evident. The rolls are rotated
from the driving pulley 19 having bevel rim 18 in which the bevel wheels 17 of the
roll shafts engage, and in order to admit of these bevels remaining in engagement,
whatever the position of the rolls may be, the teeth of the bevel gears may either be
made with curved engaging surfaces as shown at Figure 16 or the teeth of the roll
shaft bevels, with curved surfaces and those of the driving gear with concave bevel
surfaces as shown at Figure 15 in section.
The modification of the machinery as shown at Figures 17 to 23, enables the
metal to be worked in all the ways described with regard to Figures 1 to 10*,
without exception.
Fig. 17 is a sectional plan view of the apparatus, Fig. 18 an end elevation, the
coupled driving shafts and universal joints of same to the roll shafts being
omitted,
Fig. 19 is a detail sectional elevation on line a- of Figure 17,
Fig. 20 a section showing the arrangement of two hydraulic cylin:lers,
Fig. 21 is a detail section showing how the rolls are guided,
Fig. 22 shows how shafts having angular collars may be rolled and
Fig. 23 is a detail sectional plan of a modified form of throat piece together with
a mandrel lead for making hollow wares.
Referring to Figures 17 and 18:-The roli shafts 16 of the rolls 1 are mounted
in sleeves 20, swivelled at one end at 38 to the rod 39 of the piston 40 sliding in a
hydraulic cylinder and connected at the other end by a link 41 to the cross head 42
of piston rod 43 attached to piston 44 of the hydraulic cylinder 45. The latter
cylinders are all mounted on a circular frame 46 adjustable ou the stationary frame 47
of the machine. The circular frame 46 may be adjusted in the direction of
arrows g or by means of a cylinder 48, having its piston rod attached to the
frame 46 by means of a link 49, whereby each of the cylinders operating the rear
ends of the sleeves 20 may be adjustable simultaneously so as to alter the radial
position of the rolls ie. to place them skew, if desired. The roll shafts 16 are
produced beyond their sleeves and slidably connected to a sleeve 51 by means of a
long key 52, said sleeve 51 forming one part of universal joint, by means of
which the roll shafts 16, 51 are connected to the driving shafts 50, which may be
driven in any convenient manner, as for instance described with reference to the
Figure 12. The long key 52 enables the longitudinal adjustment of the rolls 1
with regard to the sleeves 51. Any suitable rotary throatpiece 55, 56, 57, 58, 59
or 60 may be employed said throatpieces being mounted in a disc 62 pivoted at 61
so as to allow any one throat piece to be adjusted in a line with the centre line of
the metal block (Fig. 18) as at ein front of the pusher head 34 of the
cylinder 92. At the opposite side of the rolls a second throat piece 69 is arranged
of which any desired number may be employed 69, 70, 71, mounted in a vertical or
horizontal slide 66, suitably guided in the machine frame and having a literal rack
in which a pinion 67 engages driven by suitable pulley 68, so as to bring any
desired throatpiece into proper alignment to receive the work coming from the
rolls. The disc 62 is provided with a ring of teeth 65 in which a pinion 64 engagés,
driven by a pulley 63, by which means the disc 62 may be adjusted. In the throat
piece 69 a pusher head 34 is arranged, resting with a pointed head on the end of
the piston rod 72 actuated by the piston 73 of a hydraulic cylinder C.
From the above description it will be evident that the metal block under
treatment can be worked in any of the ways described with regard to Figures 1
to 104, that the rolls can be adjusted to any of the positions of these figures, that the
pusher head 34 may push the block through the rolls in one direction and the
pusher 34 push it back either for a repetition of the treatment. or, after adjustment
of the throat pieces 55-60 and (or) 69-71, for a varied treatment in the opposite

page_text: direction. It will also be evident that instead of the pushers 34 and 34° the piston
rods of either of the cylinders may be attached to the metal under treatment in
any suitable manner and caused to exercise a pull on the metal being pressed
through the rolls by the opposite piston. Furthermore, one of the piston rods may
be provided with a mandrel and caused to bore the block or to enlarge the bore of
a hollow block. Or one pusher head may be caused to exert pressure in the
opposite direction to the block issuing from the rolls and, whilst moving in the same
direction as the block, to compress the same to a certain extent from the forward.
end. The cylinders at each side of the pistons 54 and 73 are connected with those
of the pistons 40) and 44 respectively by means of the pipes 74, 75 and 76, 77,
which may be detachable. Thus if the valves 78, 79 and 80 are opened and
hydraulic pressure is being applied to the rear side of the piston 54, the water
under pressure can pass along the pipe 74 to the rear side of the piston 40 and
either press the rolls closer together or cause them to exercise increased pressure
on the metal without moving them provided they were previously adjusted in a
position to press the metal. If the valves 81, 82, 83 are open and pressure
applied to the opposite sides of pistons 54 and 40, the pusher head 34 will be
retracted and the rolls 1 radialy opened so as to allow the block to be returned by
the pusher 34 without contacting with the rolls.
If the valves 84, 85 and 86 are open and hydraulic pressure is applied to the rear
side of the pistons 73 and 44, the block will be forced back through the throat
piece 69 and the rolls will cooperate with the pusher head 34" to turn the work back
towards the pusher 34 the movement of the piston 44 tending to adjust the outer
ends of the rollsleeves so as to increase their action in this respect as will be
evident by comparison of Figures 17 and 4. Thus the pistons 73 and 44 and the
rolls 1 all operate to return the block 2 to its original position for further treatment
in the original direction.
Thus by correspondingly manipulating the pressure cylinders and adjusting the
roll ends by means of their circular frame 46 any of the effects described with
regard to Figures 1 to 10 may be produced by one and the same machine.
In order to render possible a still further variation of the operation of the rolls
on the metal block, the cylinders operating to radially adjust the roll sleeves may
be connected up as shown at Figure 20 at 45" and 45 to the pressure feed pipe 89
by means of rotary valves 87 and 88, said rotary valves having suitable passages
communicating with the ports of the cylinders, which enable pressure to be applied.
at opposite sides of each of the pistons 40 and 44" as clearly shown at Figure 20.
Any pressure at the opposite sides of the pistons may escape through the
valves 87 and 88 into the exhaust ports.
If the valve 90 is opened and one of the valves 87 or 88 closed to the feed and
exhaust ports entirely the pressure fluid will pass through the valve 87 or 88 which
is open to the rear of cylinder 45 or 40 and from this cylinder to the rear of the
other cylinder along the pipe 90 and both pistons will be driven downwards.
By a similar manipulation and by opening the valve 91' both pistons may be
forced upwardly.
In order to retain the pistons 40" and 44" in any desired position it will only be
necessary to close the cylinders by means of the rotary valves 87 and 88, after the
pistons have been adjusted by the pressure fluid to the desired positions.
By similarly connecting the cylinder 48 to the cylinders of the pistons 54, 73, 40
and 44 and arranging suitable cocks and valves in the connections it will be clear
that a variety of other simultaneous movements or adjustments of the rolls to
produce a great number of effects may be attained.
It would however render the present specification too prolix to describe all such:
connections, since the same will be clear to any one skilled in the art by reference
to the drawings and the preceding description and comparison.
According to Figures 17 and 19 the cylinders 92 93 are mounted on slides 94
and may be moved towards or from each other by means of spindles 97 98 and the
two sets of fast and loose pulleys 95 and 96. The object of this arrangement is-

page_text: to render the stroke of the pistons of the pressure cylinders as short as possible,
in order to effect a saving of water under pressure, and more particularly, when
Jess pressure is required to work the metal under treatment, to enable the production
of such pressure by means of the screw spindles 97 and 98 alone, without the aid
of hydraulic pressure. Pressure is applied to the cylinder pistons 53, 73, 40, and 44
from the stationary feed pipes 97, 98, 99, 100, said pipes being connected up to
their respective cylinders by means of intermediate pipes with glands or with 'ball
joints to allow for the movements of the cylinders.
Figure 21 shows the manner in which the swivel joints 38 are securely guided
in the machine frame, to assist them to bear the lateral pressure of the rolls. Two
stout bolts 101 are fixed in the machine frame at each side of the joints 38 and
mounted on said bolts are guide sleeves 102 having rectangular sections as may be
clearly seen at the section along the line c d as shown at Figure 214. The sides of
the swivel joints 38 are guided by the sleeves 102 which receive a part of the
lateral pressure of the rolls. As these sleeves are revoluble on their bolts, the
swivel joint may also be turned to a certain extent on its pivot to allow the rolls to
be set at a skew to the metal block under treatment as previously stated.
Figure 22 shows the arrangement of rolls for forming the sharp cornered collars
on shafts. In this case the shaft is first rolled out by machinery such as
described with reference to Figures 17 and 18, and then the rolls may be changed
and those 1 substituted for the round headed ones. The effective surfaces of the
rolls as at i, will be parallel to each other and will properly smooth the inter-
mediate parts of the shaft 103 and at the same time form the required sharp profile of
the collars on the same. Railway axles, screw shafts-the latter having the collars
for the couplings formed on them and many other kinds of shafts may be formed by
. means of these rolls. The said rolls only being mounted at one side in their
respective sleeves may be easily removed and others of a sharper profile substituted
if desired. By means of the above machinery, shafts and the like may be rolled
out to almost their required dimensions and thus very little material will have to
be taken off in the lathe or other machine rendering the waste very small and
saving a considerable amount of labour at the machines subsequently as well as
enhancing the quality of the article produced, since, as well known, the quality-
particularly of cast steel is improved the less material is turned off the same, i.e.
its quality near the effective rolling surface is generally better than towards the
core, and consequently too much of the surface should not be turned off.
Fig. 23 shows a device by means of which a solid block of metal may be rolled
-out to form a hollow ware, over a mandrel, being an adaptation of the machinery
of Figure 17. In this case a conical throat piece 104 is employed and mounted
on rolls 105 and 106 of the machine frame, at least three of which 106 should be
spring pressed as at 107, in order, when the pressure head 34 is relieved of pressure,
to actuate the throat piece away from the rolls 1 and thus relieve them of
unnecessary pressure. The pusher head 34 is actuated by the piston rod 53 and a
pointed mandrel 107 is rotatively supported on the rod 108 connected revolubly
with the piston rod 72 of the piston 13. Thus the block of metal will be forced
through the throat piece, thoroughly compressed & slag & impurities removed
therefrom said block being rendered compact at all its parts, and simultaneously
rolled out as illustrated over the mandrel head 107, which may be forced into the
block a certain distance by its piston; and then retained in its forward position by
the pressure in cylinder. The metal block may either he rolled or pressed over the
mandrel head according to the position of the rolls as herein before described with
reference to Figures 12, 17 and 18, and pushed off when fiuished by the receding
piston 73 & contact with the bar 108*.
In order to roll out hollow wares of the above description, the machinery
described with regard to Figures 24 and 26 is particularly advantageous.
Referring to Figures 24 to 30:
Fig. 24 is a part sectional front elevation of the machine taken along the centre
line of the pistons 40,

page_text: Tig is a part long
Fig. 26 a sectional plan of Figure 24,
along the manner of gu
Fig. 27 a detail of the scale for shewing the distance apart of the roll heads,
Fig. 28 is a section through the swivel joint of the outer end of the lower roll'
of the plan view Figure 26 shewing how the rolls may be adjusted radially by
means of, screw spindles and hand wheels,
Fig. 29 shews in detail section how the rolls supporting the throat piece 104 are
mounted and
Fig. 30 is a detail section showing the arrangement of the feed pipes for the
pressure medium to the various cylinders as herein after more particularly referred to..
According to Figure 26 (upper part) the rolls may be radially adjusted by
means of the pistons 44 and 40, and their cylinders, the pressure spaces of which
may be connected with each other in any manner by means of the rotary valve 109-
which is designed to establish communication between any of the pressure or
exhaust ports of the two cylinders by means of its channels, in any suitable
manner. The pressure fluid is admitted to one or the other side of one or both
cylinders (according to the position of the rotary valve 109), by means of a slide
valve 110, actuated by means of a hand lever 11 and eccentric and eccentric
rod 112 in the well known manner. A chain wheel 113 is connected to and
operated by the lever 111 said chain wheel being connected up to similar chaiu.
wheels of the valve actuating levers of the other rolls by means of a chain 114 so
as to allow of all the roils being adjusted simultaneously. The rotary valve 109.
may be adjusted by means of the hand lever 115. Any suitable means may be
employed to effect the simultaneous adjustment of the rotary valves 109 of each of
the rolls. In order to arrest the pistons 44 of the rolls in any desired position,
the same are provided with a rearwardly extending rod guided in a bracket 117
and provided with adjustable nuts and lock nuts 116, which may be adjusted to
contact with the bracket 117 either from the top or bottom of the same, and thus
prevent further movement of the piston in one or other direction. The piston 40.
may be adjusted in a similar manner by means of a handwheel 118, which fits a.
screw thread of a rod 120 passing through a bracket of the machine frame an l
connecting at its upper end with a pivoted lever 119 linked to the end of the
rearward projection of the piston of the cylinder said lever 119 being pivoted to a.
bracket on the cylinder cover. As shown at Figure 27 the rod 1.0 may also be
linked to a pointer lever 121 which moves over a suitable scale, so that the.
positions of the rolls and more particularly their distance apart may be accurately
read off the scales 122.
If the rigid connection of the cylinders of pistons 40 and 44 as shown at.
Figure 26 is adhered to, the cylinders of pistons 44 would not be moveable
1ogether with the frame 46 and this latter would be stationary, so that this.
particular form of connection between the cylinders could only be employed in.
cases where such adjustment of the outer ends of the roll sleeves could be
dispensed with.
Should such adjustment be necessary the connecting valve as at 109 would have
to be omitted and some such arrangement such as described further on with
regard to Fig. 30 would have to be employed to connect up the two cylinders
of the pistons 40 and 44, which would enable the adjustment of the ring 46.
cu the frame 47 by means of the piston 161 (Fig. 24) gear 160 and ring of
teeth 159.
The hollow block of metal 2ª under treatment is rolled out to the thickness.
shown at 2 by the rolls 1, being forced into the same by the pusher 123 adapted
to rotate with the metal block on rolls mounted in the cross head 130 of the piston.
red 53 (Fig. 25) of the piston 54. The cylinder containing the piston and
marked 92 is vertically adjustable by means of screw spindles 135 fitted in-
internally screwed sleeves 134 carrying at their lower ends bevels 133 engaging
bevels 132 actuated simultaneously by means of fast and loose pulleys 131. The
forward stroke of the piston 54" may be limited by the nuts 136 on the rearwardly

page_text: projecting piston rod which abuts against the bracket 137 serving to guide the
said rod. The mandrel head 124 is mounted on a rod 125 supported by means of
a disc 126 against rolls 127 mounted in a housing or pivoted arm 129 said arm or
housing being pivoted to a part of the machine frame at 128 and being slotted
vertically as shown at Figure 25 to allow the rod 125 to be placed in position.
The throat piece 104 is supported to rotate on two sets of rolls 105 and 106
as shown in detail at Figure 29, the rolls 106 or a certain number of them
being spring mounted as previously described and for the purpose previously
#perified.
When the block 2ª has been rolled out to the diameter 2, it will be within the
tube 139 which is provided with an interior screw thread. This tube 139 passes
through the hollow driving shaft 140 and carries at its rear end pulleys 141, one
having an open and the other a crussed belt, and one being a loose pulley. If now
the tube 2 has been finished the tube 139 may be turned say to the left by means
of the open belt and the finished tube 2 will be passed along inside the tube 139
until it arrives at the end and may be taken out of the same. But if the tube has
to be subjected to a further rulling process the cylinder 92 is first lowered to
bring the centre line e-d' (Fig. 25) to coincide with the line of that
figure, then the tabe 139 is rotated in a right hand direction so that the tube 2
will be actuated in the opposite direction to the arrow or back to the rolls
again, when the latter may be adjusted either to roll the tube 2 to its required
diameter during its backward passage or the said rolls 1 may be opened to allow
the tube to pass back over the longer mandrel rod 138 (which will now be
necessary as the said tube has become longer through the previous rolling process)
a new mandrel may be attached to said rod and the rolling process may be
repeated, after the rolls 1 have been again adjusted to the required distance
apart.
In order to save time and to work the metal as much as possible whilst it is hot,
it is advisable to work the tube 2 during its backward passage. This may be
accomplished by adjusting the rolls to force the metal through between them in the
opposite direction to that in which it had been forced by the pusher 123, then if
the said rolls are adjusted somewhat closer together they will work the metal tube
and simultaneously force the same back over the mandrel head, which may be
retained against longitudinal backward movement in any suitable manner. The
action of the rolls alone may be employed to move the material being worked,
without the aid of presses, if desired.
Owing to the lengthening of the tube and the reduction of its diameter by the
first rolling process, it will not be possible, nor will it be necessary to use pressure
to force the tube again through the rolls by means of the pusher. It will only be
necessary to place the rolls similar to the position shown at Figure 8 Sheet 1, and
to rotate them in the same direction (presuming they have been rotating previously
to force or tend to force the block in a direction opposite to that of movement of
the pusher 123) when they will draw the tube 2 through the rolls in the same
direction as it was previously forced through the same by the pusher. In order to
enable the rolls to be reversed the main driving shaft of the same is provided
with three pulleys 142, 143, 144 one of which is a loose pulley, one provided with
an open belt and one provided with a crossed belt. The cylinder 92 may be
sunk during this process so as to be out of the way of the continually lengthening
tube.
In order to permit the gears 153 of the roll shaft netuating intermediate shafts 154
to follow the motion of the roll shafts when the same are adjusted to any of their
position, the outer bearings 155 of the same are mounted in ball or universal
joints 156 as indicated at Figure 26.
In order to enable the adjustment of the roll sleeves 20 by hand instead of by
hydraulic cylinders, and thus render the machinery cheaper, the end of the sleeve
may be pivoted in a fork 41 having serewed stem fitting an internal thread of a
rotary sleeve swivelled at 157 to the machine frame and capable of rotation by

page_text: means of a hand-wheel 158. Thus the roll sleeves may be adjusted independently
of one another and by hand.
Figure 30 shows the connection of the pressure feed pipe 145 to the cylinder 92*,
to enable the latter to perform its up and down movement. This connection
consists of three U-shaped tubes 146, 147 and 148 the end one of which has a
flange 149 connecting to the valve chest of the cylinder 92". These U-tubes are
connected to each other by means of glands and rods 150, to prevent their being
blown apart by the interior pressure said rods being also provided with glands 151
as shown. The figure shows the flange 149 at its greatest distance from the feed
pipe 145, obviously when the said flange is moved towards the pipe 145, owing to
the downward movement of the cylinder 92", the pipes 146, 147 and 148 will fold
against each other and allow of the movement.
Instead of the hydraulic cylinder 48, the disc 46 may be turned on the machine
frame 47 by being provided with a ring of teeth 159 in which a pinion 160 may
engage, said pinion being driven by a reversible steam engine 161 or other suitable
means.
In order to prevent too much lateral strain being transmitted to the piston
rods of the pistons 40, the swivel joints of the roll sleeves at this end may be
guided in forks 163, having hollow stems revolubly mounted in the machine
frame 47, through which said stems the fork stems 162 pass, which connect the
swivel joints to the rods of the pistons 40, as shown at Figure 24. Thus the
lateral pressure of the rolls will be transmitted to the frame 47 and the rods of
the pistons 40 will not be strained.
Referring to Figures 31 to 40:-
Fig. 31 is part sectional elevation along the centre line of a rolling mill, showing
a modified form of mandrel head adapted for cooling purpose,
Fig. 32 is a plan partly in section of Figure 31,
Fig. 33 a cross section on the line a- of of Figure 31,
Fig. 34 a similar section along the line of Figure 31,
Fig. 35 a cross section along line e-f of Figure 32 and
Figs. 36 to 40 show various sections of some different forms of mandrels as berein
after more particularly described.
According to Figures 31 to 35, a hollow mandrel 125 is employed having its
walls somewhat thickened at its point of contact with the metal block 2. This
mandrel is bored out conically at one end and the conical mouthpiece of a water
cock 165 communicating with a water supply pipe 164 is fitted into the said end.
The opposite end of the hollow mandrel is provided with a water outlet pipe 167.
As it is necessary that the mandrel should turn with the block under treatment,
the same must be well mounted and securely guided. With this end in view
the said mandrel is mounted in a sliding block 171 provided with friction guide
rolls 177 to guide the mandrel which has at its end an exterior screw thread and
a collar against which a bevel wheel 168 is secured by means of a nut 166 and
this bevel is supported by two bevels 169 arranged at right angles to the same,
said latter wheels being mounted by means of well lubricated sleeves on long
spindles 170 and affording good support to the mandrel bevel. The sliding
block 171 is adapted to slide on the part of the machine frame 172 by means of a
screw spindle 173 mounted in the part 172 of the machine frame and driven either
by means of suitable fast and loose pulleys with open and crossed belts as
indicated at 174 or by chain wheels and chain 176 and 175, or by suitable hydraulic
or other means. The said mandrel is further guided at its foremost end by means
of the sliding pusher head 178 through which it extends said pusher actuating
the block 2ª forwards by means of the lever 179 pivoted to the part 172 on the
bolt 181 and operating the pusher by means of a slot in its end engaging a bolt 180
on the pusher as will be clear from Figures 32 and 34. The opposite end of the
lever 179 is bifurcated and a sleeve 182 pivoted therein through which a screw
spindle 183 (Fig. 32) passes engaging the internal thread of the same. The
spindle 183 is pivoted to the end of a shaft at 184, said shaft carrying fast and loose
B

page_text: pulleys having open and crossed belts by means of which said shaft may be driven
in either direction as shown at 185. As will be clear from the drawing this shaft
actuates the lever 179 which drives the block 2 forward or may be retracted from
the same according to the direction of rotation of the screw spindle 183. The
lever 179 may also be provided with a rod 186 pivoted thereto and having adjustable
nuts thereon, between which one end of a lever 187 pivoted to the machine frame
engages, the opposite end of said lever being connected to a rod 188 having belt
shifting forks 189 and being suitably guided in proximity to the belt pulleys 185,
so that when the pusher has run close up to the rolls the nuts on the ends of the
rod 186 will actuate the lever 187 and throw the belts over so as to change the
direction of rotation of the shaft and screw spindle 183 automatically, or
the lever 187 may be thrown over by hand by means of the hand lever attached
thereto 190. The mechanism for driving the, spindle 173 may also be made to
reverse automatically in a similar manner or may be connected to the lever 187 in
any desired manner which will be evident to any one skilled in the art and needs no
further description here. It is also advantageous to guide the metal block which
may be done by means of rolls 191 mounted in horizontally adjustable bearings 192
which may be moved by means of their spindle head 193. The said block may
be guided from above by means of rolls 191 similar to the ones beneath, but
mounted in a cover 196 pivoted to the machine frame at 194 and adapted to be
closed down over the block and secured by a catch 195 or other suitable means.
Referring to Figures 36 to 40:-Fig. 36 shows in detail longitudinal section an
arrangement according to which the mandrel head 125 is closed and provided with
a ring 197 which takes the wear and tear and may be easily taken out and replaced.
The cooling water is conducted to the mandrel by means of a perforated tube 167"
and flows off back through the mandrel. In Figure 37 a mandrel head is shown
having a conical exterior and closed at its end, a conically bored out ring being
placed on the end and secured in position by means of a nut 198, in this case the
cooling water is supplied to the mandrel by means of the pipe 167* independently
of the mandrel and flows back through the mandrel. In Figure 38 the hollow
mandrel is provided with a sleeve 201 fixed on the said mandrel by means of a
collar on the same and nuts 200, the mandrel having a partition at about the middle
of the sleeve and borings as shown so that the water passing into the same is forced
to circulate all round the inside of the sleeve 201 and may then pass off through the
tube 167. In Figure 39 a sleeve 203 is supported between a collar on the exterior
of the mandrel and nuts 202 on the same, the water being led off through a pipe 204
slipped over the end of the mandrel as shown. In Figure 40 a sleeve or mandrel
head 201 is employed having internal radial ribs and secured over the end of the
mandrel 125 by means of a collar and nuts, said mandrel end being closed and
having perforations or slots in its end through which the cooling water passes to the
inside of the sleeve and cools the same coming from the perforated pipe 167" and
passing back through the tubular mandrel in the direction of the arrows. In
Figures 37, 38 39 and 40 the cooling water is supposed to circulate in the direction
of the arrows.
In connection with the machinery above described it should be mentioned here
that it is of the greatest importance that the mandrel head should be advanced with
the block under treatment and also turn with the same in order to avoid unnecessary
friction and also to avoid elongating any flaws which may be present in the material.
According to the present invention, any flaws present in the material will be wound
round the interior of the same and thus tightened up and closed rather than
elongated and opened. The machinery as hereinbefore described tends always to
render the metal under treatment more compact and rather to close up any flaws
than to elongate the same.
Referring to Figures 41 to 49 :-
Fig. 41 is a longitudinal section along the centre line of a modified form of
rolling mill,

page_text: Fig. 43 a transverse section on the line a- of Figure 1,
Fig. 44 is a detail sectional view along the line e-f³ of Figure 42,
Fig. 45 a section on the line -d of Figure 41 and
Figs. 46 to 49 detail sections of various forms of mandrel heads herein after
described.
Referring to Figures 41 to 45 :-The machinery here illustrated is designed to
force the mandrel head into the block of metal under treatment. In this case the
tubular mandrel is provided with an exterior screw thread and with a mandrel
head 125 at its forward end said head being screwed on to the end of the mandrel.
A collar 205 is also fast on the mandrel by means of a nut 206 whilst the said
mandrel is revolubly supported by means of smooth bevel wheels 168 and 168,
supported against pressure by similar bevels 169 and 169 mounted on stub
shafts 170 and 170 and laterally disposed rolls 218 on pins 219 carried by a
modified form of alide 171 operated by a rotary but not longitudinally moveable
screw spindle 173 engaging said slide. This spindle may be driven by fast and
loose pulleys 174 and open and crossed belts or by any other suitable means. The
spindle 173 is supported in bearings 207 by means of suitable collars. The bevel
wheels 168 and 168 may be adjusted against their counter bevels 169" and 169
by means of nuts 206 and 206. The slide 171 moves in the part 172 of the
machine frame as previously described. The block of metal under treatment is
supported between four rolls (or more) 191 adjustable simultaneously to suit different
sizes of blocks, by means of their spindles 193 connected up by means of chain
wheels 210, 211 and chain 212 and hand wheel 209. According to this arrangement
the mandrel head 125° will be driven into the block of metal under treatment until
the pusher collar 205 contacts with the latter and the block is retained whilst the
mandrel head is being driven into the same by means of its guide rolls 191 which
are tightened onto the same and thus prevent its forward movement, by the
following device ;-To one end of one of the spindles 191 a lever 216 is keyed
(Figs. 43 and 44) and a lever 214 is pivoted to the slide 171. This lever is.
provided with teeth at its forward end as shown at Figure 44 which engage teeth in
the end of the lever 216, said teeth 215 being removeably fixed to said lever so that
they may be taken out and changed when worn. At the end of the lever 214
beyond the teeth is a weight 217 by means of which the lever is held in engagement
with the teeth 215 of the lever 216. Thus whilst the mandrel head 125° is being
forced into the block of metal 2, the lever 214 will act to turn the lever 216 of the
roll spindle 193 round so as to tighten the rolls on to the block and thus to retain
the same in its position. As soon as the mandrel head has been forced sufficiently
into the block of metal, the end of the lever 214 meets the inclined upper end of a
stop 218, which throws the teeth out of engagement with those of the lever 216 so.
that the rolls 191 may be moved apart by means of the hand wheel 209 and the
rolling process may commence in the previously described manner. In this case a
cooling tube 167 is provided inside the hollow mandrel stem, said cooling tube
being provided with a cock 221, which may be opened and closed automatically
when required, by means of the rod 220 pivoted to the slide 171, and having nuts
which actuate a lever 222 as soon as the said rod 220 has reached one or other of
its extremities and turn the cooling water on or off as may be desired. The cock 221
leads to the tube 223 (Fig. 41) which is telescopically connected at 224 with the
end of the tube 167, said end being supported in a bracket 225 fixed to the
slide 171. The waste cooling water may flow into a gutter 226, as shown at
Figure 41.
By this system of forcing the mandrel head into the metal block before the
rolling process is commenced or simultaneously with the commencement of the same,
all slag and impurities will be removed from the interior of the boring and the
metal will be advantageously compressed and rendered compact, eliminating flaws
and the like. It will he obvious that in the case of the mandrels provided with
means for cooling the same, any suitable gas or other means may be employed
instead of water.

page_text: Referring to Figures 46 to 49:-In Figure 46 (longitudinal section, cross
section and end elevation) the mandrel head 125 is screw threaded to the mandrel
rod 125 and tightened to the same by means of the conical end thereof, and the
said mandrel head is provided with a forwardly extending disc 125° of smaller
diameter than the mandrel head, said disc being for the purpose of centering the
mandrel in its passage through the block and of scraping off all the impurities
inside the block boring, to relieve the sharp corner of the mandrel head of work.
All impurities removed by the advanced disc will fall into the annular groove 227
of the mandrel head. The head may be cooled by means of the perforated end
of the water supply tube 167. The head may be provided with internal radial
ribs as shown in the cross section of the figure.
In Figure 47 the mandrel stem 125 is supported in a slide piece 228, outside the
tube being rolled, and is provided with a rotary mandrel head 201" said mandrel
being forced forward by turning the screw spindle 229 by any suitable means. In
Figure 48 a rotary mandrel head 231 is mounted to rotate against anti-friction
rolls 233 mounted in the end of the mandrel stem 125 and against which a ring on
the end of the mandrel head rests.
In Figure 49 the mandrel stem is supported at both ends of the metal block in
sliding blocks 228 by means of clamping nuts 234 and provided between said
supports with a rotary mandrel head 125b, said mandrei being moved backwards
and forwards through the block by means of a rotary screw spindle 235 actuated
by suitable means.
The advantage of this arrangement is that the mandrel will always be subjected
to tensional strain and never to compression, thus avoiding the risk of bending the
mandrel stem and causing breakage or stoppage of the machinery.
It will be evident in connection with the above described machinery that instead
of the fast and loose pulleys and open and crossed belts described with respect to
some portions of the invention, hydraulic cylinders or steam engines or electrical
appliances might be employed with equal advantage as far as the final result of
the working of the machinery is concerned, and it will be also obvious that
certain alterations may be made in the details of construction without departing
from the nature of the present invention in any way.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A rolling mill in which all the rolls operate to work the metal, having the
axes of the rolls adjustable in all directions with regard to the axis of the metal
block under treatment, said metal block being introduced between the rolls at the
open end of the imaginary cone or conoidal space enclosed or formed by the
exterior surfaces of the roll heads, either the least or the greatest of the circum-
ferential speeds existing over the operative surface of the roll heads being present
at said point of introduction to the rolls and in connection with which, for the
production of hollow wares, when required, mandrels are employed which are
revolubly guided, adjustable at will, and internally cooled, substantially as
described.
2. An embodiment of the device covered by Claim 1 as illustrated in Figs. 11, 12
and 13, according to which the rolls (1), rotated from a common driving centre,
are radially adjustable at one end, whilst the other ends of their driving shafts (16)
are swivelled to a revolubly adjustable housing (27) said housing being revoluble
on a pivot concentric with the axis of the metal block under treatment, the metal
block being forced through a partially open throat piece (31) into the open end of
the cone or conoidal space, enclosed as specified, by the operative surfaces of the
roll heads, by means of a pusher bead (34) and piston and piston rod (32, 33)
substantially as described.
3. In rolling machinery of the kind covered by Claims 1 and 2 the employment

page_text: of driving wheels (17 18) having teeth either with convex contacting surfaces
or with partly convex and partly concave surfaces substantially as described.
4. An embodiment of the machinery characterised in Claim 1 and the following
claims, according to which the axes of the rolls (1) may be radially adjusted with
regard to the axis of the metal block under treatment, by means of pressure
pistons (40, 44) whilst the pressure piston (48) is employed to turn the frame. (46)
carrying the pistons 44, in the directions indicated by the arrows (9 or h); the metal
block being forced between the roll heads in the manner specified either with or
without the aid of the pressure pistons (54 and 73) substantially as described with
regard to Figures 20 and 17, 18.
5. An embodiment of the invention covered in Claim 1 and the following claims
which consists in connecting up the presses serving to adjust the axes of the rolls
in all directions (presses 40, 44 and 48) with the presses (54,.73) operating the
metal block, by means of pipe systems (74, 75, 76, 77) and valves (78, 79, 81, 82,
84, 85, 86), & in providing means for adjusting the pressure cylinders (92, 93)
such as (spindles 97, 98 and pulleys 95, 96), and in employing throat pieces for the
metal block (such as 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 69, 70 and 71) mounted, either revolubly,
or to slide in frames (62 or 66) and capable of adjustment in front of and behind
the cone or conoidal space formed by the roll ends as specified, with regard to
Figs. 17-22.
6. An embodiment of the invention covered by Claim 1 and the following claims,
according to which the pistons (40" and 44") serving to radially adjust the rolls
may be operated by valve motion (rotary valves 87, 88) or by means of stop
valves (90, 91) to cause them to move simultaneously in the same or different
directions, whilst the driving shafts (16) of the rolls (1) are connected to their
universal joints (50, 51) telescopically by means of sliding sleeves and keys and
keyways as specified.
7. In connection with the rolling machinery covered by Claims 1 and the
following claims the arrangement which consists in mounting the roll shafts
sleeves (20) or their bifurcated slides (38) between supporting posts (102) having
angular cross sections as specified, and mounted to turn on bolts (101) to prevent
straining the roll shafts as specified.
8. In rolling machinery of the kind covered by Claims 1 and the following claims,
the arrangement of a conical throat piece (104) adapted to close against the roll
heads by the pressure of the metal being forced through it, and being spring pressed
away from said rolls when the pressure is withdrawn, said throat piece serving to
compress the block forced through it and remove slag and impurities therefrom,
said throat piece being revoluble on rolls, as also of a mandrel (107, 108) adapted
to be forced towards & into the advancing block a certain distance and then retained
in position whilst the metal is rolled out over it, said block then being slid off the
mandrel, on the withdrawal of the same by suitable means (transverse bar 108") as
described with regard to Figure 23.
9. .In rolling machinery of the kind covered by Claims 1 and the following claims,
the arrangement of pressure pistons (40 and 44) for radially adjusting the roll axes,
said pistons having their stroke limited by means of nuts (116) or common slide or
rotary valves (109, 110) whilst the rolls, which may be of any desirable shape, are
driven by reversible gearing (pulleys 142, 143, 144, with open and crossed belts),
in either one or the other direction to roll out the tubular metal block (2") said
block either being forced between the rolls under pressure, against the action of
the said rolls, or with the aid of said rolls (according to position and direction of
rotation of the same), or being drawn in or forced out by the action of the rolls
alone without presses, as also forced back in the opposite direction and smoothed
substantially as described with reference to Figures 24-28.
. 10. In the machinery covered by Claim 1 and the following claims, the arrange-
ment of a tube (139) for the worked metal issuing from the rolls, said tube having
interior screw thread, by means of which when the said tube is rotated, the metal
under treatment will be transported, either out of the rolls or back through

page_text: the same for further treatment substantially as described with reference to
Figures 24, 25, 26.
11. An embodiment of the invention covered by Claim 1 and the following claims,
according to which the adjustable rolls (1) receive the hollow block (2) under
pressure, by means of a press (piston 54, rod 53, cross head 130, and rotary
pusher 123) the cylinder of said press being adjustable in a direction at right
angles to the longitudinal axis of the rolling machine by suitable means (such as
reversible gearing 131, 132, 133, spindles 135 and nuts 134) so as to be capable of
movement out of the way of the returning rolled out tube or to be adjustable to
bring a second longer mandrel rod (138) in position to receive the tube returning,
for further treating the same, the pipe connections to the said cylinder being
collapsible (U-pieces 146, 147, 148, glands 151 and rods 150) substantially as
described.
12. In connection with the rolling machinery described in Claim 1 and the
following claims, the arrangement of guides (163) to receive the stems of the forks
supporting the ends of the roll shaft sleeves said guides being supported on
cylindrical trunnions in the roll frame (47) the skew motion of the rolls being
effected by a reversible motor (161) turning the disc, in which the ends of the rolls
are mounted, by suitable gearing (pinion 160 and ring of teeth 159) said roll ends
being adjustable on said disc or frame by means of handwheels (158 and pin 157,
Fig. 26) the bearings of the roll driving shafts at the outer ends being mounted in
universal joints (156) substantially as described.
13. In connection with the rolling machinery covered by Claims 1 to 12 the
employment of mandrels, which may be revolved or slid longitudinally at will, or
may be stationary and provided with rotary heads, or which may be slid, before,
or whilst the block is treated so as to displace the inner layers of the material of
the block, with regard to the outer ones, at will, the said mandrels being internally
cooled substantially as described.
14. In connection with the rolling machinery covered by Claim 1 and the
following claims, the arrangement of a hollow mandrel rod (125) mounted to rotate
and slide (by means of bevels 168, 169 and spindle 173, in slide 171) in the direction
of rotation and movement of the metal block (2) before, or whilst the latter is
rolled out, the said mandrel being cooled by means of a current of water, conveyed
by a pipe having stop cock substantially as described with reference to Figures 31
to 35.
15. An embodiment of the invention covered by Claim 1 and the following
claims, which consists in mounting the block under treatment in adjustable
rolls (191) and forcing the same between the rolls (1) by suitable means (such as
pusher 178, lever 179 pulleys 185 spindle 183 and nuts 182) so that the said block
will be rolled out over the rotary, sliding, mandrel (125) the longitudinal movements
of the said mandrel and block of metal being simultaneously adjustable and means
for throwing the same into or out of engagement with each other substantially as
described.
16. In connection with the rolling machinery covered by Claim 1 and the
following claims, the employment of a hollow mandrel rod (125) having at one end
a removeable sleeve (125, 125, 125d) and supported at the opposite end by means
of adjustable bevels (168, 168) bearing against bevels (169, 169b) as also guide
rolls (218) of a slide (171) so that the mandrel, in penetrating the block of metal,
first cleans and smooths the interior surfaces of the same whereupon the said metal
block, is forced between the rolls by means of a pusher fast on the mandrel rod, is
then rolled out over the mandrel head, which rotates with the said block and may
be moved in the same direction as the block, the cold water cock for cooling the
mandrel rod being turned on or off by hand or automatically at the desired moment
substantially as described.
17. In connection with the rolling machinery covered by Claim 1 and the
following claims, the arrangement consisting of means for automatically clamping
the guide rolls (191) around the metal block (such as lever 214 and lever arm 216

page_text: with teeth 215) or effecting the said adjustment by hand (by means of hand-
wheel 209, chain 212, chain wheels 210 and 211 and spindles 193) and after the
mandrel head has been pressed into the said metal block for releasing the said rolls
by hand, then pressing the block between the roll heads and rolling the same out
over the mandrel head (125, 125 or 125d) and a cold water supply pipe in
connection with said mandrel adapted to slide in a gland (224) of a pipe 167
connected to the slide 171 and capable of following the movements of the said slide
substantially as described.
18. In connection with the rolling machinery covered by Claims 1 to 17, the
employment of mandrel rods bored throughout, or of hollow mandrel rods having
outer mandrel sleeves secured thereto said sleeves being cooled interiorily and if
desired provided with strengthening ribs as specified with regard to Figures 36 to 40
and 46 to 49, the cooling water being fed to or from the said mandrel through
separate feed pipe and returning or passing through the hollow mandrel rod, or
through the hollow mandrel rod and mandrel, or the employment of a hollow
mandrel rod which is stationary, and provided with rotary mandrel sleeves
(Figs. 47, 48) or of mandrel rods supported at both sides of the effective or
operative parts of the rolls by suitable means (such as supports 228) said mandrel
rods being capable of rotation and of sliding substantially as described with
reference to Figure 49.
Dated this 24th day of September 1896.
CASTLE SMITH,
"Invention" Office, Mitre Court, Fleet Street, E.C.