AN IMPROVED MODE OF FORMING COLLARS ON METALLIC T AXLES AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for
the Invention of "AN IMPROVED MODE OF FORMING COLLARS ON METALLIC
T
AXLES AND OTHER ARTICLES."-A communication from abroad by William
Allen, of Auburn, in the State of New York, United States of
America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION- left by the said William Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th October 1866.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF FORMING COLLARS ON METALLIO
AXLES AND OTHER ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention for forming collars on metallic axles and other articles has
for its object to form collars on a bar or rod of metal and between the two
ends thereof, and consists in grasping the rod between two sets of dies or
jaws, and by the application of power to one or both sets to up-set the metal
between the two sets of dies or jaws until the metal is spread out to the
Price 8d 1

page_text: required diameter. The dies or jaws are placed at such distance apart when
caused to grasp the bar or rod as to leave the requisite mass of metal between
the two to form the required size of collar when up-set.
The Invention also consists in giving the required form to the collars in
the act of up-setting the metal by making the inner faces of the two sets of
dies or jaws of a form the reverse of the intended form of the collars to be
produced, so that in the act of up-setting the metal it shall be forced into the
cavities of the dies and be therein moulded to the form required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 4th April 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME; I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the thirtieth year of Her
reign did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Edward Newton, Her special licence that I, the said William
Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"AN IMPROVED MODE OF FORMING COLLARS ON METALLIC AXLES AND OTHER
ARTICLES," being a communication from abroad, upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is

page_text: to be performed; to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):
In forming projecting collars on axles and other articles, and between the
two ends thereof, the practice has been either to make the collar of a separate
piece of metal and slip it on to the rod or bar, and there secure it by
screwing or welding, or to take a bar of the diameter of the intended collar,
and by forging reduce the body on each side of the collar to the required size.
All of these methods are objectionable.
The present Invention for forming collars on a bar or rod of metal and
between the two ends thereof, consists in grasping the rod between two sets
of dies or jaws, and by the application of power to one or both sets to up-set
the metal between the two sets of dies or jaws until the metal is spread out
to the required diameter. The dies or jaws are placed at such distance
apart when caused to grasp the bar or rod as to leave the requisite mass
of metal between the two so as to form the required size of collar when
up-set.
་ ས The Invention also consists in giving the required form to the collars in
the act of up-setting the metal by making the inner faces of the two sets of
dies or jaws of a form the reverse of the intended form of the collars to be
produced, so that in the act of up-setting the metal it shall be forced into the
cavities of the dies, and be therein moulded to the form required.
In Sheet I. of the accompanying Drawings, Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a
machine suitable for carrying out the Invention; Fig. 2 is a plan of the
same; and Fig. 3 is a sectional view of one of the pairs of dies.
A substantial frame A is first provided, upon which is placed an iron
bed B for containing the machinery. At the ends of the bed are two head
blocks C, C, held together and against the strain of the machine by through
bolts D, having collars a and nuts b thereon for that purpose. A gauge E is
arranged at one end of the bed, which is adjustable by means of the screw c
and hand wheel F, the screw passing through the head block C₁ and into or
against the gauge E; this gauge is designed for properly placing the bar or
blank so that the collar or shoulder thereon shall be at the distance required
from the ends of the bar or blank.. The die block G is made stationary on
the bed, and the bed die d, Fig. 3, therein may be permanently fixed or be a
part of the block itself; the other portion or section e of the die is made
moveable by being attached to a cross head H, which is connected to a nut
block I by through bolts'; and is moved by the screw g and hand wheel J,
the screw g resting upon a pillar K, and passing up into the nut block I,

page_text: The object in making the upper section of the die moveable is that the bar or
blank may be readily placed and griped therein. The griping die block L is
moveable upon suitable ways on the bed plate B; it also has an under and
upper die, as in the other die block G, except that the dies may be made
round so as to grasp the round part or arm of the axle instead of angular for
receiving the bed part thereof, as in making carriage axles. A nut block M
is connected to the moveable die block by pillar bolts h, and a screw i passes
through the block M so that its point will press upon the upper griping die
of the pin in order to hold the bar or blank firmly in the dies. A hand
wheel N is adapted to the screw i, by which it may be operated so as to
clamp or release the arm of the axle. The moveable die block L is operated
by means of a hand wheel o upon a screw K, which screw works in a thread
formed in the head block C. Springs m may be placed between the stationary
and moveable die blocks to push back the latter when the screw K is run
back. The operation is as follows:-A bar or blank is placed in the dies,
which are separated, as shewn in Fig. 2, the end of the bar being laid
against the gauge E to define the place where the collar or shoulder is to be
made. The dies are then griped or clamped firmly to the bar at points
remote from its ends, and leaving a portion of the bar between the griping
dies uncontrolled and free to expand or be swelled out and up-set (the bar
being of course previously heated to the proper degree to up-set if the metal
requires it) by end pressure applied to one of the griping die blocks. The
walls or vertical faces of the dies control the disposition of the metal in the
line of the length of the bar or blank, but otherwise the metal is free to
dispose of itself laterally until at the end of the movement of the forced die
block, when it may be driven into dies to give it a more finished or compact
form.
Another form of working the Invention is represented in Sheet II. of the
Drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the machinery; Fig. 2, a
separate view of an axle with a collar formed thereon upon the improved
plan; Fig. 3 is an end view of one pair of dies; Fig. 4 is an end view of
the other pair of dies; and Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section of both pairs of
dies.
A represents a substantial frame, upon which are placed the iron bed B
and head blocks C, C, which are firmly held and supported by through
bolts D with suitable collars a and nuts b thereon for that purpose. E is a
stationary die block for holding the sectional dies c, d. The under portion of
the die c may be permanently fixed in or be a part of the die block E whilst
the upper portion d moves and fits in suitable grooves or recesses therein, and

page_text: is raised or lowered and held by a screw e provided with hand wheel F
thereon; this screw passes through a nut block G, which is connected by
through bolts to a cross head H that carries the upper moveable die d. The
lower end of the screw e is supported upon a pillar I or a step on a cross
piece A of the main frame, and by this arrangement the dies c, d, are opened
to receive and are closed so as to firmly hold the piece of metal upon which
the collar and "set" are to be wrought. A gauge J is made adjustable by
means of the screw g made fast to a hand wheel K, by which it is operated;
this gauge is so arranged as to make the collar or swell on such part of the
bar or blank between its two ends, as may be desired, and to alter it at
pleasure. A moveable die block L holds or controls the two sectional dies h, i,
the lower one of which may be firmly attached to or made a part of the die
block, whilst the upper one i is raised and lowered by means of a screw j,
which passes through a nut block M connected to the die block L by through
bolts k, the screw being operated by a hand wheel N. The object in raising
and lowering the upper section i of the die is to introduce the bar or blank
and then clamp it tightly, so that the swell which is to be formed on the
finished axle may be properly formed by forcing up the moveable jaw die
towards the other fixed jaw die E. The die block L or its dies may be so
arranged relatively to the die block E or its dies that a bend or "set" (as it
is termed) may also be given to the bar, as in making an axle, as shewn by
the dotted lines in Figures 2 and 5, this being effected at the same operation
with the forming of the swell or collar Q, and the other shoulders shewn in
Fig. 2. The moveable die block L is reciprocated by means of a crank
wheel R, driven from a main driving pulley S. To a wrist on the crank wheel
one end of a pitman T is connected; the other end thereof being connected
to a pivot pin m in the toggle arms U, U¹, one of which U is pivotted to the
die block L, and the other U₁ to a cross head V, which is controlled or
adjusted by a screw n and hand wheel W, the screw n passing through the
head block C. When the bar or blank is suitably heated (if of metal, which
requires to be heated) it is clamped between the two sets of dies in the two
die blocks E, L, the portion of the bar or blank which is to be up-set and
jammed up to form the swell or collar Q occupying a space between the two
sets of dies, but not controlled by either. When the moveable die block Lis
forced by the driving machinery, this uncontrolled portion of the blank or bar
is jammed up between the faces or walls of the two sets of dies, disposing of
itself laterally without control until the dies are about to meet, "when the
metal is driven or forced into the dies and receives its proper form and "set"
corresponding with the form of the adjacent faces of the two sets of dies. At

page_text: the commencement of the process of forming the swell on the bar the faces or
walls of the dies only control the metal which disposes of itself laterally or
radially with entire freedom from restraint, but when sufficient metal has thus
uncontrolled laterally formed to make the collar, then and then only the dies
receive it and give it proper form and shape. Or in other words the metal is
first up-set without regard to shape, but in proper position, and then when
jammed up is forced into the dies that give it shape and form. If the metal
to be wrought be sufficiently ductile collars may be formed thereon in the
cold state, but if made of such metal as iron or steel the part to be up-set to
form the collar should be heated to a red heat.
It will be obvious from the foregoing that the form of the collar to be pro-
duced will depend upon the form of the faces of the dies, so that the two sets
of dies may be formed to gripe any form of bar, and when one end of the
bar is of one form and the other end of a different form the two sets of dies
may be suited to such forms as in the example given for making carriage
axles.
Two forms of machinery suitable for the practical working of the Invention
are herein shewn and described, but it will be obvious that equivalent means
may be employed for operating the griping dies to gripe the bar, and for
operating one or both sets to up-set the metal to form the collar.
What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent in forming a
collar on a bar or rod of metal, and between the ends thereof, is griping
the bar in two places and within the ends by means of dies or jaws, as
described, and then by end pressure up-setting the metal between the dies or
jaws, as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Third day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
W. E. NEWTON. (L.S.)