Improvements in or connected with Motor-driven Road Vehicles.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Sept., 1899
Complete Specification Left. 26th June 1900-Accented 22nd Sept. 1900
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Motor-driven Road Vehicles.
I, EDWARD HODSON BAYLEY, of the Wagon Building Works, Newington
Causeway, London, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows: -
This invention relates to improvements more especially applicable to motor-
driven vehicles in which steam is employed as the motive power; but parts of
the said improvements are also applicable to motor-driven vehicles in which
other kinds of motive power are employed.
I construct a motor-driven vehicle as follows:-
I make the framing which carries the body of the vehicle, the motor, the
gearing connecting the motor to the differential gear, and certain other necessary
parts of the vehicle and its machinery of channel steel. This frame may be
carried by springs in the usual way resting upon the wheel axles. I prefer to
make the road wheels dished and to carry them on axle trees set at an angle
to the roadway in order to bring the spokes at the lower part of the dished
wheel vertical, or nearly so, to the ground for reasons well understood by carriage>
and wagon builders.
Each hind wheel has secured to it, on the side next to the vehicle and con-
centric with the axle, an internally geared spur-wheel. Into each of these spur.
wheels gears a toothed pinion carried on the outer end of a short shaft adapted
to revolve in suitable bearings connected with the main axle, and lying parallel
to the axle tree on which the corresponding road-wheel revolves: The inner
end of each of these short shafts is connected with differential gear of any suit-
able construction, preferably, however, contained in a closed box to exclude dust
and contain a proper lubricant to keep the teeth of the gear well lubricated.
The object and mode of action of this differential gear are similar to those
commonly in use in motor-driven vehicles.
Motion is transmitted from the motor to the differential gear by means of
shafting provided with universal joint couplings to allow of the up and down
movements of the motor connected with the frame of the vehicle while main-
taining a proper connection between the motor and the differential gear.
The two front wheels are mounted on axle trees set at an angle to the roadway.
like the hind-wheels, but for the purpose of steering the vehicle these axle-trees
are pivotted to the ends of a fixed front axle, and are connected by levers, rods
and so forth to devices whereby the said axle-trees can be turned horizontally
to any required angle for steering purposes.
The front and back fixed axles are connected together by a suitable arrange-
ment of under-framing, tie bars and so forth.
When steam is employed as the motive power I prefer to employ a water
tube steam boiler composed of two pairs of concentric cylinders forming water
chambers with a space between them, and connected together by tubes; the
heated gases from the fire being caused to pass round the water chambers and
the connecting tubes, and from thence into the atmosphere by means of a flue

page_text: or chimney. I prefer also to employ one or more superheating coils in the fire-
box, one for superheating the steam on its way from the boiler to the engine,
and the other for superheating the exhaust steam on its way from the engine
to the atmosphere in order to render it as far as possible invisible. In this
boiler the fuel is fed in at the top and falls on to fire bars placed at or near the
bottom of the outer concentric water chamber.
The boiler is of course furnished with all the usual fittings such as safety-
valve, pressure-guage, water-guage, test-cocks, and so forth.
The steam engine is preferably a compound engine adapted to rotate a crank-
shaft placed parallel to the centre line of the vehicle. This crank-shaft may be
connected directly to the shaft transmitting motion from it to the differential
gear in cases where it is not necessary to provide means for changing from fast
to slow speed or vice-versa; but in cases where this provision is required I make
the connection by means of intermediate gearing arranged with two speed ratios
either of which can be brought into action by, sliding the wheels in and out
of gear by means of suitable levers and rods operated by the driver so that when
the vehicle is on a level road or is loaded lightly the quick speed gear can be
put in action; but when the vehicle is going up hill or is heavily loaded the
slow speed gear can be put in action.
I prefer to provide valves and connections whereby live steam can be intro-
duced into the low pressure cylinder as well as into the high pressure cylinder
when starting the vehicle, or whenever a specially large amount of power has to
be exerted for any purpose whatever.
The engine may be provided with any suitable reversing mechanism but. I
prefer to employ an arrangement of the following character:-Namely, a
single eccentric for the slide-valve of each cylinder is mounted and keyed on a
shaft placed parallel to the crank-shaft, and "driven from the latter by gearing
which causes it to rotate at the same speed as the crank-shaft.
Mounted on
this eccentric shaft is a sleeve adapted to slide longitudinally thereon, but caused
to rotate therewith by means of a feather or key. On the cylindrical surface
of this sleeve is cut a helical groove and fitted on the sleeve so as to be free to
turn steadily thereon is a spur wheel which gears with a similar spur wheel
fixed on the crank-shaft. A pin in the boss of the spur wheel mounted on the
sleeve engages in the helical groove in the latter. The sleeve is connected with
levers or other mechanical devices under the control of the driver by means of
which it can be caused to slide longitudinally on the eccentric shaft and within
the spur wheel.
It will now be understood that when the sleeve is at one end of its longitudinal
traverse on the eccentric shaft the latter is held by the pin of the spur wheel,
which takes into the helical groove on the sleeve, in such position that the
eccentric on it stand at the proper angle for moving the slide valves so as to
cause the engine to run in one direction. But that when the sleeve is moved
to the other end of its longitudinal traverse on the eccentric shaft the pin in
the boss of the spur wheel will act upon the helical groove in the sleeve and turn
the latter together with the eccentric shaft and eccentrics into the proper
position for causing the engine to run in the reverse direction the reversal being
effected simply by sliding the sleeve forward or backward on the eccentric shaft.
A brake pulley is mounted on the crank-shaft of the engine and is provided
with a brake of any suitable construction operated by a treadle or other device
under the control of the driver.
A brake pulley and strap is also preferably applied to the outer circumference
of the internal driving spur gear of each of the hind wheels of the vehicle, the
brake straps being also actuated by lever or other mechanism under the control
of the driver.
The mechanism for turning the front wheels, to the right or left may con-
veniently consist of a vertical spindle rotating in a vertical guide column fixed
to the framing and provided with a hand-wheel at its upper end placed within

page_text: convenient reach of the driver. The lower end of this vertical spindle carries
a pinion that gears into a quadrant connected by levers, connecting rods and so
forth with the pivots of the axle trees of the said front wheels.
A feed pump or injector, or both, may be employed for feeding water into
the boiler, the feed pump, when such is employed being operated by an eccentric
on the crank-shaft or otherwise as may be convenient.
It is also desirable to provide a steam blast in the chimney of the boiler for
drawing air into the furnace when necessary.
The water tank may be adapted and fixed to the frame under the body of the
vehicle in any suitable or convenient way.
It will be understood that the various handles or other devices for actuating
the brakes, reversing the engines, for changing the speed, for admitting steam
to the engines, for putting on the feed pump or injector, for steering, and so
forth, are preferably placed within easy reach of the driver when seated on the
driving seat.
It will be obvious that the body of the vehicle may be of any suitable shape
according to the purpose for which it is to be used, the framing upon which
the body rests being of course shaped to suit the latter.
. Instead of a steam engine and boiler, a petroleum engine, an electric or any
other suitable motor may be employed in connection with the other mechanism
above described.
1
"I, EDWARD HODSON BAYLEY, of the Wagon Building Works, Newington
Causeway, London, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements more especially applicable to motor-
driven vehicles in which steam is employed as the motive power, but parts of
the said improvements are also applicable to motor-driven vehicles in which
other kinds of motive power are employed.
I.construct a motor-driven vehicle in the manner shown in the accompanying
drawings in which Figure 1 is a side. elevation, Figure 2 a plan, and Figure 3 a
front. elevation of such a vehicle. Figure is a detail view of valve gear for
same.
1
I make the framing 1 which carries the body of the vehicle, the motor, the
gearing connecting the motor to the differential gear, and certain other necessary
parts of the vehicle and its machinery, of channel steel. This frame may be
carried by springs 2,3 in the usual way resting upon the wheel axles 4, 5. .I
make the road wheels 6,17 dished and carry them on axle trees 4, 5' set at an
angle to the road-way in order to bring the spokes at the lower part of the
dished wheel vertical, or nearly so, to the ground and for other reasons generally
well understood by carriage and wagon builders..
Each hind wheel. 7 has secured to it, on the side next to the vehicle, and
concentric with the axle, an internally geared spur-wheel 8. Into each of these
spur-wheels gears ia toothed pinion 9 carried on the outer end of a short shaft 10

page_text: adapted to revolve in bearings 12 connected with the bar 19 and with the box 14
containing the differential gear. The shafts 10 lie parallel to the axle tree 5ª
on which the corresponding road-wheel 7 revolves. The inner end of each of
these short shafts is connected with differential gear of any suitable construction,
preferably, however, contained in a closed box 14 secured to the axle 7 and to
the bearings 12 and adapted to exclude dust and contain a proper lubricant to
keep the teeth of the gear well lubricated. The object and mode of action of
this differential gear (to which I make no claim) are similar to those com-
monly in use in motor-driven vehicles, namely to enable each wheel 7 to rotate
at a speed corresponding to the length of the path over which it may be passing
to avoid skidding when the vehicle is not moving in a straight line.
Motion is transmitted from the motor to the differential gear 13 by means of
a shaft 15 provided with a universal joint coupling 16 to allow of the up and
down movements of the motor connected with the frame of the vehicle while
maintaining a proper connection between the motor and the differential gear.
The arrangement of differential gear shown in the drawings by way of example
is constructed and operates as follows:-
The shaft 15 has secured to it, so as to revolve therewith, two pins 15ª standing
at right angles to it. On each of these pins is mounted, so as to turn loosely
thereon, a bevil planet pinion 13. Both these pinions 13 gear with bevil
wheels 13 and 13d. The wheel 13ª is rigidly connected to the bevil wheel 13b
and both turn freely on the shaft 15. The wheel 13b gears with the bevil
wheel 13 fixed on the inner end of the driving shaft 10 of the right hand
driving road-wheel. The wheel 13 is rigidly connected to the bevil wheel 13°
and both turn freely on the shaft 15. The wheel 13 gears with the bevil
wheel 131 fixed on the inner end of the driving shaft 10 of the left hand driving
road-wheel.
It will be understood that so long as the vehicle is travelling in a straight
line so that both road wheels 7 pass over the same length of path the planet
pinions 13 drive the two shafts 10 through wheels 13, 136, 13° and 13d 13° 13 res-
pectively at the same speed. But assuming that the vehicle is turning round a
curve inclined to the left hand for example, the left hand road wheel requires
to rotate slower than the right hand one, and in that case the planet pinion 13
imparts to the wheels 13ª, 13 and 13° as much greater speed beyond the normal
as the wheels 13d, 13 and 13 lag behind that normal.
The two front wheels 6 are mounted on axle trees 4ª set at an angle to the road-
way like the hind-wheels 7, but for the purposes of steering the vehicle these
axle-trees are pivotted at 17 to the ends of a fixed front axle 4 and are connected
together by lever arms 20 and a connecting rod 21; a lever arm 22 on one of
the pivotting axle-trees being connected by a link 23 to an arm 24 fixed on a
vertical spindle 25 carrying a toothed sector 26 which gears with a pinion 27
connected with a spur-wheel 28 gearing with a pinion 29 on the shaft 30 carrying
the steering wheel 31 whereby the said axle-trees 4ª can be turned horizontally
to any required angle for steering purposes.
The front and back fixed axles are connected together by an arrangement of
tie-bars 18, 19 pin-jointed to brackets 32 bolted to the channel steel frame 1.
The connection of the bars 19, to the brackets 32 causing the shafts 10 and box 14
enclosing the differential gear 13 to follow the up and down movement of the
frame 1 and parts carried by it without putting undue strain upon the shaft 15.
When steam is employed as the motive power I prefer to employ a water
tube steam boiler 33 composed of two pairs of concentric cylinders forming
water chambers with a space between them, and connected together by tubes;
the heated gases from the fire being caused to pass round the water chambers
and the connecting tubes, and from thence into the atmosphere by means of a
flue or chimney 34. I prefer also to employ one or more super-heating coils 35
in the fire-box or ash-pit, one for super-heating the steam on its way from the
boiler to the engine, and the other for super-heating the exhaust steam on its

page_text: way from the engine to the atmosphere in order to render it as far as possible
invisible. In this boiler the fuel is fed in at the top through an opening at 36
and falls on to fire-bars placed at or near the bottom of the outer concentric water
chamber.
The boiler is of course furnished with all the usual fittings such as safety-
valves, pressure-gauge, water-gauge test cocks and so forth.
The steam engine is preferably a compound engine having a high pressure
cylinder 37 and a lower pressure cylinder 38, and adapted to rotate a crank-
shaft one end of which is seen at 38* in Figures 1 and 2 placed parallel to the
centre line of the vehicle. This crank-shaft may be connected directly to the
shaft 15, transmitting motion from it to the differential gear 13 in cases where
it is not necessary to provide means for changing from fast to slow speed or
vice-versa; but in cases where this provision is required I make the connection
by means of an intermediate or second-motion shaft and toothed gearing 39, 40
and 41, 42 arranged with two-speed ratios either of which can be brought into
action by sliding either of the wheels 39, 41 in and out of gear with the
wheels 40, 42 respectively by means of suitable levers and rods operated by the
driver so that when the vehicle is on a level road or is loaded lightly the quick
speed gear 39, 40 can be put in action; but when the vehicle is going up hill
or is heavily loaded the slow speed gear 41, 42 can be put in action.
This sliding of the wheel 39 and 41 on the crank-shaft may be effected by
means of a fork 43 fixed on a sliding rod 44, and adapted to take into a groove 45
on the boss of the wheels 39, 41. This rod 44 passes through the end of the
box 46 enclosing the engines, and is connected at its outer end by the cross-
head 47 with a link 48 pin-jointed to a lever arm 49 fixed on the lower end of
a vertical shaft 50 the upper end of which has fixed to it a crank-handle 51
which sweeps over a fixed sector 52 provided with three notches into either of
which the said crank-handle can be placed. When the crank handle is in the
middle position as shown in Figure 2 the wheels 39 and 41 are held out of gear
with both the wheels 40 and 42 and the engine is then free to work without
communicating motion to the vehicle; but when the crank-handle 51 is moved
into notch 53, wheel 39 is brought into gear with wheel 40 and the greatest
speed is imparted to the wheels of the vehicle; when, however, the crank-
handle 51 is moved into the notch 54 wheel 39 is drawn out of gear with wheel 40
and wheel 41 is put into gear with wheel 42 and the slowest speed is imparted
to the wheels of the vehicle.
I prefer to provide valves and connections whereby live steam can be intro-
duced into the low pressure cylinder as well as into the high pressure cylinder
when starting the vehicle, or whenever a specially large amount of power has to
be exerted for any purpose whatever.
The engine may be provided with any suitable reversing mechanism but I
prefer to employ an arrangement of the kind shown in Figure 4 namely, a single
eccentric 55 for the slide valve of the high pressure cylinder 37 and another
eccentric 56 for low pressure cylinder 38 are mounted and keyed on a shaft 57
placed parallel to the crank-shaft, and driven from the latter by gearing 58, 59
which causes it to rotate at the same speed as the crank-shaft. Mounted on
this eccentric shaft is a sleeve 60 adapted to slide longitudinally thereon, but
caused to rotate therewith by means of a feather or key 61. On the cylindrical
surface of this sleeve is cut a helical groove 62 and fitted on the sleeve so as
to be free to turn steadily thereon is the spur-wheel 58 which gears with the
similar spur-wheel 59 fixed on the crank-shaft. A pin 63 in the boss of the spur-
wheel 58 mounted on the sleeve 60 engages in the helical groove 62 in the latter.
The sleeve 60 is connected by a fork 64 and ród 65 with a lever arm 66 fixed
on a rock shaft 67 on which is fixed a second lever armi 68 connected by a
link 69 with one end of a bell crank lever 70 under the control of the driver,
by means of which the said sleeve can be caused to slide longitudinally on the
eccentric shaft 57 and within the spur wheel 58.

page_text: It will now be understood that when the sleeve 60, is at one end of its longi-
tudinal traverse on the eccentric shaft 57 the latter is held by the pin 63 which
takes into the helical groove 62 on the sleeve in such position that the
eccentrics 55 and 56 on it stand at the proper angle for moving the slide valves
so as to cause the engine to run in one direction. But that when the sleeve
is moved to the other end of its longitudinal traverse on the eccentric shaft the
pin in the boss of the spur wheel will act upon the helical groove in the sleeve
and turn the latter together with the eccentric shaft and eccentrics into the
proper position for causing the engine to run in the reverse direction, the
reversal being effected simply by sliding the sleeve forward or backward on
the eccentric shaft 57.
2.
A brake pulley 71 is mounted on the crank-shaft of the engine and is pro-
vided with a brake of any suitable construction such as 'blocks 72 fixed to
suspended arms 73 the free ends of which are connected flexibly by adjustable
links 74 with arms 75 secured on a rock shaft 76, a lever arm 77 on which is
connected by a link 78 to one arm of a bell-crank 79 the other arm of which is
connected by a link 80 with a lever 81 operated by a treadle 82 under the control.
of the driver. A spring may be employed in the usual way to hold the brake
blocks clear of the brake pulley when the brake is not being applied.
A brake pulley 83 and strap 84 are also preferably applied to the outer cir-
cumference of the internal driving spur-wheel 8 of each of the hind wheels 7 of
the vehicle, the brake straps 84 being also actuated by lever 85, rock-shaft 86
(turning in bearings 86* fixed to the bar 19) connecting rod 87 and hand-lever SS
under the control of the driver.
A feed pump or injector, or both, may be employed for feeding water into
the boiler, the feed pump, when such is employed, being operated by an
eccentric on the crank-shaft or otherwise as may be convenient.
It is also desirable to provide a steam blast 89 in the chimney 34 of the boiler
for drawing air into the furnace when necessary.
The water tank 90 may be adapted and fixed to the frame 1 under the body
of the vehicle in any suitable or convenient way.
It will be understood that the various handles or other devices for actuating
the brakes, reversing the engines, for changing the speed, for admitting steam
to the engines, for putting on the feed pump or injector, for steering and so
forth, are preferably placed within easy reach of the driver when seated on the 3
driving seat 91.
It will be obvious that the body of the vehicle may be of any suitable shape
according to the purpose for which it is to be used, the framing upon which
the body rests being of course shaped to suit the latter.
Instead of a steam engine and boiler, a petroleum engine, an electric or any 4
other suitable motor may be employed in connection with the other mechanism
above described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
First. In a motor-driven road vehicle the combination of dished road wheels
with inclined axle-trees for said road wheels to rotate upon, substantially as
described.
८
Second. In a motor-driven road vehicle the combination of dished front road
wheels, inclined pivotted axle-trees for said front road wheels to rotate upon and 5
devices for turning the said axle-trees on their pivots for the purpose of steering
the vehicle, substantially as described.
Third. In a motor-driven road vehicle the combination of dished driving
road wheels, inclined axle-trees for said driving, road wheels to rotate upon,
internal spur wheels mounted concentrically on said dished driving wheels, 5
driving shafts placed parallel to the inclined axle-trees, pinions on one end of said

page_text: shafts gearing with the said internal spur wheels, and differential driving gear
at the other end thereof substantially as described.
Fourth. In a motor-driven road vehicle the combination of dished driving
10ad wheels, inclined axle-trees for said driving road wheels to rotate upon,
internal spur wheels mounted concentrically on said dished driving wheels,
driving shafts placed parallel to the inclined axle-trees, pinions on one end of
said shafts gearing with said internal spur wheels, differential driving gear at
the other end thereof, shafting for transmitting motion to the differential gear
and a steam or other motor for imparting motion to said shafting, substantially
as described.
Fifth. In a motor-driven road vehicle the combination of dished driving road
wheels, inclined axle-trees for said driving road wheels to rotate upon, internal spur
wheels mounted concentrically on said dished driving wheels, driving shafts
placed parallel to the inclined axle-trees, pinions on one end of said shafts
gearing with said internal spur wheels, differential driving gear at the other
end thereof, shafting for transmitting motion to the differential gear, speed
gear for varying the speed of the said shafting and consequently of the vehicle
and a steam or other motor for imparting motion to the said shafting through
the said speed gear, substantially as described.
Sixth. In a steam motor for a motor-driven road vehicle mechanism for
reversing the engine, which consists of an eccentric shaft parallel to and rotating
at same speed as the crank-shaft, a single eccentric for each steam cylinder
mounted on said eccentric shaft, a sleeve adapted to slide longitudinally on said
shaft but to rotate therewith, said sleeve having a helical groove formed therein,
a toothed wheel mounted freely on said sleeve and gearing with a similar wheel
fixed on the crank-shaft, said toothed wheel on the sleeve having a pin-taking
into the said helical groove in the sleeve, and means for sliding the said sleeve
longitudinally on the eccentric shaft, substantially as described.
Seventh. In combination with the motor of a motor-driven road vehicle a
brake pulley and brake, and means for applying the brake to the pulley, sub-
stantially as described.
Eighth. In a motor driven road vehicle the combination with the driving
road wheels of brake pulleys and brakes and means for applying the brakes to
the pulleys, substantially as described.
Ninth. A motor driven road vehicle consisting of a frame carrying the body
of the vehicle and a steam boiler and engine or other motor, axles supporting
the frame and its load, and provided at their ends with inclined axle-trees,
dished road wheels on the said inclined axle-trees, gearing connected with the
said dished road wheels and with the differential gear, shafting with universal
joint coupling for communicating motion from the motor to the said differential
gear, means for turning the axle-trees of the front wheels for the purposes of
steering the vehicle, and brakes on the motor and driving road wheels, combined
and operating substantially as described.
Dated this 1st day of June 1900
E. H. BAYLEY,
Per W. H. Beck,
Agent. 115, Cannon Street, London, E.C.