IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUELS."
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Jarrod Gay, of Blake Street, Stretford
Road, Manchester, Manufacturing Chymist, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUELS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Jarrod Gay
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 1st April 1873.
I, RICHARD JARROD GAY, of Blake Street, Stretford Road, Manchester,
Manufacturing Chymist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUELS,” to be as
follows:-
The objects of the improvements are to utilize the refuse cinders,
clinkers, and ashes or dust caused or produced by or resulting from the
combustion of coal in furnaces for the smelting of iron, generation of
steam, manufacture of glass, and for domestic and various other

page_text: purposes. Such refuse when subjected to my process to be employed as
a substitute for coal wholly or in part only in any ordinarily constructed
furnace or domestic fire-grate.
To effect my improvements I grind or pulverize by hand labour or
by suitable machinery the refuse or debris above described, or the refuse
may be operated upon without any such preparation; I then mix it with
water and also with "creosote" or any other suitable form of hydro-
carbon, which mixture I make by preference in the following quantities
or proportions thereof, namely, to one ton of ashes or such like substance
I take twenty gallons of water and twenty gallons of creosote. I mix
the ashes and water well together first, and afterwards add thereunto
the creosote, for which purpose any suitable apparatus may be employed;
but other combining proportions of these substances may be taken, and
two or more forms of hydrocarbon may be used in combination at one
operation according to the quality or degree of heating properties sought
to be obtained. When these operations are completed the fuels thus
formed are ready for use, and may be stacked in that state or compressed
and moulded into into bricks, cylinders, balls, or other convenient forms
for use or transit. They may also be employed as a partial substitute
for coal by mixing therewith a portion of coal either during the prepara-
tion of the fuel or at the time of firing, or by firing alternately or
intermittently with coal.
SPECIFICATION filed in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters
Patent, and of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, by the said Richard
Jarrod Gay in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 10th October 2
1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
JARROD GAY, of Blake Street, Stretford Road, Manchester, Manufac-
turing Chymist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her 3
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Richard Jarrod Gay, Her special
licence that I, the said Richard Jarrod Gay, my executors, adminis-

page_text: trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Richard Jarrod Gay,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree.
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUELS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Richard Jarrod Gay, my executors or
administrators by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office on or before the 14th day of October, One thousand eight hundred
and seventy-three.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Jarrod Gay, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, that is to say :-
The objects of the improvements are to utilize the refuse cinders,
clinkers, and ashes or dust caused or produced by or resulting from the
combustion of coal in furnaces for the smelting of iron, generation of
steam, manufacture of glass, and for domestic and other purposes.
Such refuse herein-after mentioned as refuse ashes &c., when subjected
to my process to be employed as a substitute for coal, wholly, or in part
only, in any ordinarily constructed furnace or domestic fire-grate.
To carry my improvements into effect I grind or pulverize by hand
labour or by suitable machinery the refuse or debris above described; or
the refuse or any part thereof may be operated upon without such or any
preparation. Having obtained a suitable quantity of refuse ashes, &c.,
I mix therewith a quantity of water and also of "creosote," oil, or any
other suitable form of hydrocarbon. This mixture I make by preference
in the following proportions and manner, namely, to one ton of
ashes, &c., I take twenty gallons of water and twenty gallons of creosote.
I mix the ashes, &c., and water well together first, and afterwards add
thereunto the creosote. To accomplish which any suitable apparatus
may be employed; but other combining proportions of such substances
may be taken, and two or more forms of hydrocarbon may be used in
combination according to the degree of heating properties desired to be

page_text: obtained. When these operations are completed the fuels thus formed
are ready for use, and may be stacked in that state or compressed and
moulded into bricks, cylinders, balls, or other convenient forms for use
or transit. They may also be employed as a partial substitute for coal
by mixing therewith a portion of coal either during the preparation of
the fuel or at the time of firing, or by firing alternately or intermittently
with coal.
Having thus described my improvements and means I adopt in
carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood that I do not
confine myself to the exact details as described, as variations may be
made without departing, from the peculiar character of my Invention,
but what I do claim is, the utilization of ashes or refuse from furnaces,
&c., by mixing therewith creosote or other hydrocarbons and water, and
thus forming an artificial fuel as a substitute for coal; or forming a
partial substitute by mixing the same with coal, or by alternate or
intermittent firing therewith.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Jarrod Gay, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of September,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
three.
RICHARD JARROD GAY. (L.S.)
Witness,
WILLIAM GADD,
Consulting Engineer,
Agent to the Patentee.