IMPROVEMENTS IN PREVENTING UNDUE OSCILLATION IN ENGINES, MACHINERY, CARRIAGES, AND OTHER APPARATUS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Christian Schiele, of North Moor Foundry,
Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREVENTING UNDUE OSCILLATION IN ENGINES,
MACHINERY, CARRIAGES, AND OTHER APPARATUS."
Sealed the 2nd June 1854, and dated the 13th December 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Christian Schiele
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 13th December 1853.
I, CHRISTIAN SCHIELE, of North Moor Foundry, Oldham, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREVENTING UNDUE OSCILLATION IN
ENGINES, MACHINERY, CARRIAGES, AND OTHER APPARATUS" to be as fol-
lows:-
This Invention relates to the employment of certain mechanical
arrangements for obviating to a great extent any undue oscillation
occuring in mechanism, such as in governors or regulators of all kinds,

page_text: whether for steam engines or water wheels; and also for the purpose
of preventing oscillation in carriages and other apparatus. This object
may be effected in various ways, and that I prefer for governors is the
employment of a species of friction collar working on the spindle of
the governor, such collar having morcover a free play within the ordi-
nary sliding boss, so that the action of the governor when in regular
working shall be free and uncontrolled, but when a sudden change
takes place, whether of increase or decrease of speed, the upward or
downward traverse of the boss causes the friction boss to rest against
the spindle, thereby retarding the tendency to a further rise or further
fall. In place of a frictional surface other arrangements are employed
according to the nature of the oscillations to be controled, but in most
cases a frictional contact will be found applicable. In some cases a
piston working in a cylinder is employed, where liquids or air is the
oscillating force; in others a vane acting against the atmosphere may be
made the controlling or retarding force. The principle or main feature
of the Invention, as will be seen from the above, consists in the
absobing the oscillating force, and thus retarding or controlling the
undue oscillation of moving bodies, in whatever form such oscillation
may present itself.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Christian Schiele in the Great Seal Patent Office.
on the 18th June 1854."
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
CHRISTIAN SCHIELE, of North Moor Foundry, Oldham, in the County
of Lancaster, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
seventeenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Christian Schiele, Her special
license that I, the said Christian Schiele, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Christian Schiele, my executors,

page_text: administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRE-
VENTING UNDUE OSCILLATION IN ENGINES, MACHINERY, CARRIAGES, AND
OTHER APPARATUS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Christian Schiele, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Christian Schiele, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that
is to say
My said Invention relates to the employment of certain mechanical
arrangements for obviating to a great extent undue oscillation occuring
in mechanism, such as governors or regulators of all kinds, whether for
steam engines. or water wheels; and also for the purpose of preventing
undue oscillation in carriages and other apparatus. This object may
be effected in various ways, but for governors I prefer to employ a
species of friction collar or bush acting on the spindle of the governor,
such collar or bush having moreover a free play within the ordinary
collar or other bearing, so that the action of the governor when working
regularly shall be free and uncontrolled, whilst on a sudden change
taking place, whether it be an increase or a decrease in speed, the up
or downward traverse through the bearing causes the friction collar to
press against the spindle, thereby restraining the tendency to a further
rise or fall, as the case may be. In place of a frictional surface, other
arrangements may be employed, according to the nature of the oscilla-
tions to be controlled, but in most cases a frictional appliance will be

page_text: found to answer. In some cases a piston working in a cylinder is em-
ployed, where a liquid or air is the medium acted upon by the oscillating
force; in other cases the controlling or retarding force may be obtained
from the action of a vane upon the atmosphere, or upon a liquid. The
principle or main feature of the Invention consists in causing the oscil-
lating force to be absorbed, and thereby retarding or controlling the
undue oscillation of moving bodies, in whatever form such oscillation
may present itself.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood,
I shall now proceed to describe the several Figures on the Sheet of
Drawings hereunto attached. Figure 1, on the Sheet of Drawings,
is an elevation of a governor, of the description patented by me, in
the year One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, which is repre-
sented as fitted with my contrivance for the prevention of undue
oscillation. Figure 2, is an elevation, partly in section, on a larger
scale, of the preventive contrivance, as applied to the governor spindle;
and Figure 3, is a horizontal section through the upper collar of the
friction bush; Figure 4, is a vertical section of a cylinder and piston,
arranged to act as a means of retarding or subduing oscillatory motion;
Figures 5 and 6, are sectional views of a form of frictional appliance
for the buffer and draw rods of railway carriages. The spindle A of
the governor, as represented in Figures 1, 2, and 3, of the Drawings,
is vertical, and passes through a collar bearing B in the summit of
the arched bracket C. The regulating movement of the governor
consists in tho up or downward motion of the spindle A, as caused by
the quicker or slower rate of the engine; a bush or collar D is inter-
posed between the spindle A and the bearing B. This bush is made
in two halves, and has a collar E, formed on its lower end; a collar F
being screwed on the upper end after the bush is passed through the
bearing. This upper collar F, after being adjusted, is further secured
to the bush by two small screws G; lugs II, are formed on the collars
E, F, for the purpose of connecting the two halves of the bush together
by the screws I. One of each pair of lugs is hollowed out to receive
a helical spring J, which acts against the head of the screws I, and so
draws the two halves of the bush together, causing them to press upon

page_text: and firmly embrace the spindle A. The distance between the collars
E and F of the bush is such as to allow it to have a slight traverse
or play in the bearing B. When the derangement of the engine's rato
becomes excessive, the spindle A, and bush D, traverse in the bearing
B, until one of the collars E or F comes into contact with the edge of
the bearing. After this, any further traverse of the spindle A has to
overcome the increased friction of the bush D, and this action will tend
to restrain excessive movements of the spindle, whilst small movements
will remain as unrestricted as in ordinary arrangements. The upper
collar F may be adjusted nearer to or further from the lower collar E,
so as to alter the amount of play allowed the spindle before acting upon
the frictional bush, if desired. This arrangement of frictional collar is
obviously applicable to the ordinary and other varieties of governor,
the regulating action of which is transmitted by the longitudinal move-
ment of a rod, the frictional collar being applied to the rod where it
passes through any fixed guide cyo or bearing. The arrangement
represented in Figuro 4 of the Drawings consists of a cylinder A,
turned out truly to receive the piston B, the rod C of which is con-
nected with the mechanical detail, the longitudinal oscillations of which
it is required to absorb or control. Both ends of the cylinder are
closed, but a passage D in the side of the cylinder forms a communi-
cation between the ends. This passage is provided with a stop cock E,
made so that the passage can be made larger or smaller, but can never
be perfectly closed. In this arrangement very little resistance is offered
to the slow movement of the piston B in its cylinder, but if this piston
is by any means impressed with a tendency to a too rapid or sudden
motion, the smallness of the passage from one end of the cylinder to
the other prevents an equally rapid transmission of the contained air
or liquid, and thus calls up an effective resistance to the excessive
motion of the piston. In this arrangement the cylinder may be placed
in any convenient position, and gases or fluids of any kind may be
employed in it. Instead of the passage being formed in the side of the
cylinder, it may be made through the piston. The same end may also
be gained by a variety of means, the essential feature of these con-
sisting in the obtaining a resisting power by forcing a comparatively

page_text: large volume of air, water, or other fluid througli, a small passage or
orifice.. In the arrangement applicable to the buffer and draw róds: of
railway carriages, as represented in Figures 5 and 6 of the Drawings,
a brake or frictional piece A, contained in a recess in the portion of the
carriage framing through which the rod passes, is pressed by a spring
B against the rod C, and the spring is adjusted by means of a screw-
bolt D behind it. In this manner the piece A exerts a frictional
pressure upon the buffer or draw rod, and absorbs a portion of the
power acting longitudinally upon the rod. It is obvious that the
same end may be attained by several modifications of frictional ap-
pliance.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used
or carried into effect, I may observe, in conclusion, that I do not con-
fine or restrict myself to the precise details or arrangements which I
have had occasion to describe or refer to, as many variations may be
made therefrom without deviating from the principles or main features
of my Invention; but what I consider to be novel and original, and
therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in
part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the general arrangement and construction of apparatus or
means for preventing or restraining undue oscillation in the rate or
motion of engines, machinery, carriages, and other apparatus, as herein-
before described.
. Second, the application and use, in governor spindles and other
mechanical details subject to undue oscillatory or reciprocatory
movements, of a frictional collar or bush, to act with a retarding or
restraining effect on the oscillations of the spindle, as herein-before
described.
Third, the system or mode of controlling, retarding, or restraining
the undue oscillatory movements of governor spindles, railway carriage
draw or buffer rods, and generally of all mechanical details subject to
undue oscillation, reciprocatory or otherwise, by means of a frictional
collar, bush, brake piece, or other frictional or retarding and resisting
arrangement, as herein-before described.

page_text: Fourth, the application and use of the cylinder and piston con-
trivance hercin-before described, or any other arrangement wherein a
resisting power is obtained by forcing a comparatively large body of
air, water, or other fluid through a small passage or orifice, for the pur-
pose of controlling, retarding, or restraining the reciprocatory or other
oscillations of governor spindles, railway carriage buffer and draw rods,
and generally of all such mechanical details as are liable to such
oscillations.
Fifth, the application and use of a vane or vane wheel acting on
air, water, or other fluid, for the purpose of absorbing the force tending
to produce undue oscillation in the rate or motion of engines, ma-
chinery, carriages, and other apparatus, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Christian Schiele, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of June, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-four.
CHRISTIAN SCHIELE. (LS
Signed, sealed, and delivered, and also taken
and acknowledged by the above-named
Christian Schiele, at Oldham, in the
County of Lancaster, this Tenth day of
June, One thousand eight hundred and
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