A METHOD OF MAKING AND MANUFACTURING SHIVES OR SHIVERS, AND PULLY WHEELS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, AND VARIOUS OTHER ARTICLES, PROM CERTAIN MATERIALS OR COMPOSI TIONS OF EARTH AND MINERALS, WHICH RENDER THE SAID ARTICLES MORE DURABLE THAN SUCH AS ARE MADE IN WOOD OR METAL
Year: 1809

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PERSENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
HALL, of Astbury, in the County Palatine of Chester, Book-keeper, do send
greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Fourteenth day of November,
in the fiftieth year of His reign, did give and grant unto me, the said James
Hall, my executors, administrators, and assigns, His special licence, full
power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said James Hall, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, during the term of years therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales,
and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "A METHOD OF
MAKING AND MANUFACTURING SHIVES OR SHIVERS, AND PULLY WHEELS OF EVERY
DESCRIPTION, AND VARIOUS OTHER ARTICLES, PROM CERTAIN MATERIALS OR COMPOSI
TIONS OF EARTH AND MINERALS, WHICH RENDER THE SAID ARTICLES MORE DURABLE
THAN SUCH AS ARE MADE IN WOOD OR METAL;" in which said Letters Patent there
is contained a proviso, obliging me, the said James Hall, under my hand and
seal, to cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in His

page_text: Majesty's High Court of Chancery within two calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by
the same, relation being thereunto had, may more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
James Hall, do hereby declare that my said Invention is described as
follows, that is to say :-
Any clay or earth that contains aluminous, sileceous, calcareous, and magne-
sian earth, or any one of them, is to be mixed with powdered calcined ironstone
or iron ore and powdered granite, or any powdered vitrifiable stone, whether
calcined or not, and to be made into a paste with water, and blended together and
tempered into a mass, and formed into the shiver, shive, or wheel, or other article,
by means of a mould, or by other modes used in making earthenware, and the
same is be baked or fired in the usual way in a common potters' oven, till it is
become sufficiently firm and hard for the intended purpose. Different articles
will require different degrees of heat, proportioned to their substance and to
their intended use, which an experienced workman will readily apply.
And note, there are many proportions that may be used of the different
ingredients as above mentioned, as seven parts of clay, two parts of calcined
iron ore, and two parts of granite; or seven parts of clay or argillaceous earth,
two parts of calcined iron ore or oxide of iron, commonly called carr, or any other
feruginous earth of a like nature, two parts of the stone called Cornwall stone,
or any other or similar vitrifiable carth, or thirty parts of clay or argillaceous
earth, twenty-five parts of calcined iron ore, and two parts of Cornwall stone; or
eight parts of clay or argillaceous earth, one and a half parts of calcined iron; or
two parts of Cornwall stone, one part of calcined flint stones, one-fourth part of
manganese, and these may be varied to suit the quality of the article required.
Any stones or earthy matters may be employed that contain the earths above
mentioned and likewise manganese; many different metallic ores and oxides
may be used instead of the iron ore, and any earthy substances that can be
blended together by water, and that will make a hard composition by baking
of a fit consistenco for the articles required.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Hall, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Eighth day of January, One thousand eight hundred and

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Eighth day of January, in the
fiftieth year of the reign of His Majesty King George the Third, the said
James Hall came before our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and
acknowledged the instrument aforesaid, and all and every thing therein con-
tained and specified, in form above written. And also the instrument aforesaid
was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made in the forty-eighth
year of His said Majesty's reign.
Inrolled the the Fourteenth day of January, One thousand eight hundred
and ten.