Improvements in and in the Mode of Utilizing the Pressure in Cylinders or Reservoirs of Compressed Gases in the Application or Employment of such Gases.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 30th May, 1893
Con plete Specification Left, 28th Feb., 1894-Accepted, 12th May, 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and in the Mode of Utilizing the Pressure in
Cylinders or Reservoirs of Compressed Gases in the Application
or Employment of such Gases.
We THE MANCHESTER OXYGEN (BRINS PATENT) COMPANY LIMITED of
Great Marlborough Street, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, and WILLIAM
MORTON JACKSON of the said Company, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
Our said invention relates to the utilization of the pressure which exists in the
steel cylinders or reservoirs in which it is customary to store gases for use or
application in the arts or manufactures.
For example as is well known in order to obtain the best results with the oxy-
hydrogen flame in its various applications it is necessary to supply oxygen and
hydrogen at a certain pressure to what is known as a "mixed jet or burner in
which the gases mix before being consumed. In order to obtain this pressure it is
usual either to compress the gases into separate cylinders at higher pressures from
which they are delivered at the required pressure when used, or the oxygen is
stored under pressure as described and instead of the compressed hydrogen, coal
gas is drawn from the gas service pipe into a bag or holder which is weighted so as
to deliver the gas at the required pressure.
In such a case as the latter, we propose to utilize the excess pressure under
which the oxygen is stored to actuate any suitable pumping blowing or forcing
apparatus which is placed in connection with the gas service pipe so as to draw
gas from the service pipe and deliver it under any required pressure to the
burner.
The means by which this object is obtained are capable of being greatly varied,
but in all or in most cases the stored gas on its way to be consumed or otherwise
utilized performs the work by which the other gas is drawn and forced towards
the burner for example. The most obvious manner of utilizing the pressure is to
employ a small fluid motor driving an air pump or forcer or blower. The suction
pipes of the forcing apparatus are connected to the gas service pipe and the
delivery pipes to a regulating chamber or reservoir from whence a pipe leads to
the burner. The said chamber or reservoir is or may be fitted with a release valve
and pipe leading back to the main gas supply pipe so as to relieve the chamber 0
case of an excess of pressure.
When the pump driven by the motor as aforesaid is in operation it draws gas
from the service pipe and delivers it at the required pressure to the burner via the
aforesaid regulating chamber. The compressed oxygen after driving the motor is
conducted from its exhaust by means of a pipe to the burner. The oxygen may
also on its way to the burner be passed through a bag or chamber to equalize its
delivery. The gases may be combined in any desired proportion by regulating the
speed or capacity of the motor and blower or by other well known and suitable
means and we employ a reducing valve on the pipe from the compressed gas
cylinder to the motor so as to deliver the compressed gas to the motor at constant
pressure. The said motor and pump might consist of an ordinary fluid pressure
engine and pump or any other suitable driving and forcing apparatus which will do
the work.
For example we might employ a double bellows arrangement, one bellows being
connected to the efflux pipe of the compressed gas cylinder, so as to be worked by
the pressure of gas and thus by its expanding and collapsing movements, operate

page_text: the other bellows which will draw and force the coal or other gas from the service
pipe or other source of supply.
The movements of the bellows can be utilized to operate valves or cocks on
the respective supply pipes so as to open and close connection at the proper
times.
The coal or other gas bellows can be expanded by springs or weights.
It will be evident that our invention is capable of employment for various objects
in addition to the uses we have indicated.
Dated this 29th day of May 1893
E. K. DUTTON & Co.,
5, John Dalton Street, Manchester, Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and in the Mode of Utilizing the Pressure in
Cylinders or Reservoirs of Compressed Gases in the Application
or Employment of such Gases.
We THE MANCHESTER OXYGEN (BRINS PATENT) COMPANY LIMITED of
Great Marlborough Street, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, and WILLIAM
MORTON JACKSON of the said Company, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement, that is to say :-
Our said invention relates to the utilization of the pressure which exists in the
steel cylinders or reservoirs in which it is customary to store gases for use or
application in the arts or manufactures.
"
or burner in
For example, as is well known, in order to obtain the best results with the oxy-
hydrogen flame in its various applications it is necessary to supply oxygen and
hydrogen at a certain pressure to what is known as a "mixed jet
which the gases mix before being consumed. In order to obtain this pressure it is
usual either to compress the gases into separate cylinders at higher pressures, from
which they are delivered at the required pressure when used; or, the oxygen is
stored under pressure as described, and instead of the compressed hydrogen, coal
gas is drawn from the gas service pipe into a bag or holder which is weighted so
as to deliver the gas at the required pressure.
In the Provisional Specification which we filed in pursuance of this application,
we explained that we proposed to utilize the excess pressure under which the
oxygen is stored, to actuate any suitable pumping, blowing or forcing apparatus,
which apparatus was to be placed in connection with the gas service pipe, so as to
draw gas from the service pipe and deliver it at any required pressure to the
burner. We had in our minds several forms of such pumping, blowing or forcing
apparatus and we referred particularly to two of the most obvious of such
apparatuses viz. a motor and pump and also a double bellows arrangement.
However we also experimented with other blowing and forcing appliances and in
view of the cost of making and difficulty of working the aforesaid mechanical
arrangements, the more simple appliance of the injector is so greatly superior that
we have decided to give it the preference in carrying our invention into effect
without however abrogating our claims in respect of the use of other appliances.
The said injector is in its main features of the ordinary construction, but in
minor details i will vary according to the purpose for which it is required. We
will describe it in the first place as adapted for the production of the oxy-hydrogen
or limelight by a "mixed jet burner" as this forms an essential part of our
invention. In this case the injector of which we have annexed a sectional drawing
would consist of an inner tube a tapering to a very fine outlet at a¹ and connected
with the oxygen cylinder by means of tubing strong enough to pass the current
of oxygen which may be delivered at a pressure of about 10 lbs. per square inch.

page_text: The delivery of the oxygen may be controlled by an automatic governor set to
deliver at the required pressure, or it may be taken directly from the cylinder.
The outlet of the oxygen injecting tube a is surrounded by an outer chamber or
tube c which also tapers to an outlet c' of small diameter placed centrally in front
of the oxygen injecting tube a.
The
This may be called the receiving or mixing cone and it is connected by a
suitable branch d with the coal gas service pipe. This branch and the annular
space between the outer and inner tubes c and a must have sufficient cross sectional
area to allow free passage for the coal gas required to feed the burner e.
receiving or mixing cone c is connected at its outlet with any suitable conduit ffor
conducting the mixed gases to the mixed jet burner e. The supply of the two
gases may be regulated by cocks in the ordinary manner. Working with a mixed
jet burner of ordinary diameter say about 4 of an inch, and using ordinary
commercial oxygen and coal gas from the service pipe at ordinary pressure, the
inner tube a for the passage of the oxygen may terminate in an orifice of
from " to 311" diameter and the receiving or mixing cone
about internal diameter at its smallest part. It is evident that by increasing
c may
the diameter of the orifice, the power of the injector is reduced, that is to say a
given quantity of oxygen passing through it in a given time will inject less coal
gas and require less pressure to force it through; inversely by decreasing the
diameter of the orifice the power of the injector will be increased, that is, a given
quantity of oxygen passing through it will inject a larger amount of coal gas and
require to be forced through at higher pressure. The dimensions of the cones and
jets should be so adjusted that a slight excess of coal gas over what is required
may be injected into the burner when the oxygen supply is as large as the burner
will take.
31
50
be
This allows the operator a margin for adjusting the quantities of the respective
gases supplied to the burner.
The coal gas supply branch d may be fitted with a back pressure valve not
shown in the drawings to prevent oxygen finding its way into the service pipe in
case of choking or obstruction in the outlet, or from the neglect of the operator
to turn off the supply should such a thing happen. When using so small a cone
for the supply of oxygen to a limelight burner, or single small oxy-hydrogen jet,
it is advisable to prevent the entrance of dust or particles of matter which might
be blown by the oxygen into the fiue orifice of the cone and so plug the passage.
This may be accomplished by placing one or more layers of metal gauze g over
the oxygen inlet. The meshes of the gauze g should be less than the diameter of
the orifice a' and their total area be sufficient to allow free passage of the oxygen
supply. It is also advisable to silence the action of the injector when in use for
limelight effects. This may be done by introducing a small chamber on the
conduit between the injector and the burner, made of non-porous material which
will not readily conduct sound vibrations, such as wood, ebonite, steatite &c., and
loosely packing it with some fibrous material such as asbestos to cut off the sound
vibrations in the current of mixed gases without obstructing their passage.
In cases where the injector is employed to feed several mixed jet burners, or a
blowpipe provided with a number of small orifices arranged so as to apply the oxy-
hydrogen flame to work of any required shape or dimensions, the diameter of the
orifice of the oxygen supply pipe should be, generally speaking, about one third of
the diameter of a circle of an area equal to the total area of the orifices or jets to
be supplied, and the diameter of the receiving or mixing cone should be at its
narrowest part about equal to the diameter of such a circle as aforesaid. The
distance between the injector and the blowpipe burner should in this case be
no longer than is necessary to allow the gases to mix properly before reaching
the burner, and it is not advisable to feed a very large number of jets by one
conduit.
The dimensions of orifices and parts hereinbefore given are intended to be
approximate and we do not confine ourselves to these. Neither do we confine

page_text: ourselves to the specific applications of our invention hereinbefore set forth as the
same might be employed for other purposes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is.
1. As means for the utilization of the pressure in cylinders or reservoirs of
compressed oxygen in producing the oxy-hydrogen flame, or for blow pipe or other
purposes, the employment of an injector through which the oxygen or other gas
pressure from the cylinder or reservoir is passed, and into which coal or other gas
is drawn and forced forward and mixed and delivered at suitable pressures for the
indicated or other objects substantially as hereiubefore described & illustrated.
2. In conjunction with the means indicated in the foregoing claim or with any
other suitable forcing or blowing means intended to utilize the pressure of
compressed gases in cylinders or reservoirs, preventing the transmission of sound
with the forced current of gases by the introduction of a chamber or section in
the conduit, of non-porous material, which will not conduct sound vibrations, and
loosely packing the said chamber or section with some fibrous or other material
which will absorb and arrest sound vibrations in the gas current, substantially as
described and illustrated in the foregoing Specification.
3. Utilizing the excess pressure in cylinders or reservoirs of compressed oxygen,
to actuate suitable pumping blowing and forcing means or mechanism for the
purposes and substantially as hereinbefore described and set forth.
Dated this 27th day of Feb 1901
E. K. DUTTON & Co.,
5, John Dalton Street, Manchester, Agents.