IMPROVEMENTS IN DEFLECTORS FOR LAMPS
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Spence, of 50, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN DEFLECTORS FOR LAMPS."-A communication from abroad by Lemuel
Beers, of Newtown, Fairfield, in the County and State of Connecticut,
United States of America.
Sealed the 24th June 1862, and dated the 31st December 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Spence at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st December 1861.
I, WILLIAM SPENCE, of 50, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN DEFLECTORS FOR LAMPS," (being a communication from abroad by
Lemuel Beers, of Newtown, Fairfield, in the County and State of Connecticut,
United States of America,) to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the prevention of the partial obscuration of
light from the lamp, caused by surrounding the flame with a deflector com-
posed of an opaque material, and consists in the substitution of a deflector
composed of glass or other transparent material for that which is ordinarily
composed of metal. The deflector is in form similar to those in ordinary use

page_text: as applied to lamps in which kerosene and other heavy oils are burned,, such
form being that of a hollow cone with a hole at the top, of the form required
to suit the form of the wick.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Spence in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
28th June 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
SPENCE, of 50, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said William Spence, Her special license that I, the said
William Spence, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said William Spence, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DEFLECTORS FOR LAMPS," being a communication from
abroad by Lemuel Beers, of Newtown, Fairfield, in the County and State of
Connecticut, United States of America, upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said William Spence, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Spence, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
This Invention of "Improvements in Deflectors for Lamps," has for its
object the prevention of the partial obscuration of light from the lamp, caused
by surrounding the flame with a deflector composed of an opaque material,

page_text: and consists in the substitution of a deflector composed of glass or other trans-
parent material for that which is ordinarily composed of metal. The deflector
is in form similar to those in ordinary use as applied to lamps in which
kerosene and other heavy oils are burned, such form being that of a hollow
cone with a hole at the top, of the form required to suit the form of the
wick.
Having thus stated the nature of the said Invention, I will proceed to
describe more particularly in what manner the same is to be performed, by
reference to the accompanying Drawings, in which are represented several
modes of constructing the deflectors according to the Invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a plan or horizontal view; Fig. 2, an elevation; and Fig. 3, a
vertical section of a deflector, in which the upper portion of the cone is made
of mica, supported by a skeleton or frame of brass. This construction of
deflector is similar to those in common use on this description of lamp; the
supporting frame being supposed to be formed by 'merely 'cutting away the
greater portions of the sides composed of an opaque material, and sides com-
posed of a transparent material being inserted in the place thereof. The frame
is composed of a ring a at the base, an arched top b, and two narrow strips
c, c, at the sides, to connect the arched top to the ring, and also to supply
fastenings for securing the transparent sides of mica d. These transparent
sides are secured by inserting them between the portions of the strips c, which
are bent inwards, and other portions, as shewn, so as to hold the pieces of mica
when inserted.
Fig. 4 is an elevation, and Fig. 5, a vertical section of a deflector, con-
structed entirely of glass. This is the kind of construction which is preferred,
as realising most fully the object of the Invention.
In this case the only difference from the ordinary deflector consists in the
change from an opaque material such as metal, to a transparent material such
as glass; and the deflectors are made in the ordinary mode of making articles
in glass.
Fig. 6 is a plan or horizontal view, and Fig. 7 is an elevation of a deflector
in which the cone is formed or constructed of mica or other transparent
material, inserted and confined at the bottom' in a ring of brass. When mica
is used as the transparent material, the construction of the deflector is as
follows: The metal ring a is first formed in two parts, which are securely
fastened together after the edge of the mica cone 6 has been inserted between
them. The cone 6 is made by first cutting a piece of mica into the required

page_text: shape by means of a suitably formed die, and then bending it into the form repre-
sented; the cone is then inserted in the ring, the lower edge extending below or
through the ring, which edge is turned up and securely fastened between
the two portions of the ring by means of rivets.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention communicated to
me from abroad as aforesaid, I would remark that the Invention is not con-
fined to the use of the materials described; but what I claim as of the
Invention is, the construction of deflectors for lamps of the kind referred to
either wholly or in part of glass or other suitable transparent material, for the
purpose described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Spence, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Twenty-eighth day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
Witness,
WALTER W. CLARE,
Clerk to G. B. Coulcher,
Law Stationer,
WILLIAM SPENCE. (L.s.)
50, Chancery Lane, W.C.