IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING PLUSH OR PILED FABRICS
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Holt, of Shaw Heath, Stockport, in the
County of Chester, Manager, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WEAVING PLUSH OR PILED FABRICS."
Sealed the 12th June 1855, and dated the 11th April 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Holt at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
April 1855.
I, SAMUEL HOLT, of Shaw Heath, Stockport, in the County of Chester,
Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN WEAVING PLUSH OR PILED FABRICS" to be as follows:—
This Invention has for its object improvements in weaving plush or piled
fabrics, and consists of a peculiar combination of the mechanical parts of the
machinery employed when weaving two pieces of plush or piled fabrics face to
face which are cut apart (by a traversing knife actuated by the working of
the machinery) as fast as the fabrics are woven, such machinery being com-
bined with a view to be worked by power in place of by hand. The batten
is as heretofore constructed, with two shuttle boxes at each end, such two
shuttle boxes being divided horizontally one from the other to keep the
shuttles separate. The swords of the batten move on axes below, and the
batten is actuated by cranks. The cutter is moved to and fro by bands or
straps, actuated by a wheel, which receives motion from treadles acted on by

page_text: tappets. The warps have suitable sheds opened in them for the passage of
the two shuttles, by means of leaves of heddles moved by treadles, which are
acted on by tappets, and no jacquard apparatus is employed. Weft stoppers
are used for the two wefts, and a swell is applied to each of the shuttle boxes
to stop the loom in the event of either of the shuttles not arriving in its box.
The whole of the mechanical parts derive their motions from the main shaft
or axis, in a like manner to other power looms. The apparatus for carrying
and guiding the cutter is similar to that heretofore used in hand looms.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Samuel Holt in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
11th October 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
HOLT, of Shaw Heath, Stockport, in the County of Chester, Manager, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign,, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Samuel Holt, Her special licence that I, the said Samuel Holt, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Samuel
Holt, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING PLUSH OR
PILED FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Samuel
Holt, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Holt, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof (that is to say):-

page_text: This Invention has for its object improvements in weaving plush or piled
fabrics, and consists of a peculiar combination of the mechanical parts of the
machinery employed when weaving two pieces of plush or piled fabrics face
to face which are cut apart (by a traversing knife actuated by the working
of the machinery) as fast as the fabrics are woven, such machinery being
combined with a view to be worked by power in place of by hand. The
batten is as heretofore constructed, with two shuttle boxes at each end, such
two shuttle boxes being divided horizontally one from the other to keep
the shuttles separate. The swords of the batten move on axes below, and the
batten is actuated by cranks. The cutter is moved to and fro by bands or
straps, actuated by a wheel which receives motion from treadles acted on by
tappets. The warps have suitable sheds opened in them for the passage of
the two shuttles, by means of leaves of heddles moved by treadles, which are
acted on by tappets, and no jacquard apparatus is employed. Weft stoppers
are used for the two wefts, and a swell is applied to each of the shuttle boxes
to stop the loom in the event of either of the shuttles not arriving in its
box. The whole of the mechanical parts derive their motions from the
main shaft or axis, in a like manner to other power looms. The apparatus
for carrying and guiding the cutter is similar to that heretofore used in
hand looms.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed to
describe more fully the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows a right-hand end view of a loom combined according to my
Invention; Figure 2 is a front elevation thereof; and Figure 3 shows a back
view and longitudinal section of the two shuttle boxes at one end of the batten.
The arrangement and combination of the parts are in many respects similar
to other power looms for weaving single pieces of fabric, but in the arrange-
ment or combination shewn, two piled fabrics are woven together and separated
by a traversing knife as fast as the fabrics are woven.
a, a, is the framing; b, b, b, are the three rollers or beams on which the
warps are wound; c, c, are the two cloth rollers on which the two-piled
fabrics are wound after they have been cut apart by the traversing knife or
cutter. There are two shuttles used, as when weaving like fabrics by hand;
they enter two shuttle boxes at the two ends of the batten. These boxes are
divided horizontally from each other, and they have each a swell, similar to
those used in power looms heretofore constructed, wherein single fabrics are
woven; by which arrangement, if either of the shuttles fails to pass correctly,

page_text: the loom will be stopped by the usual stop apparatus, as is well understood;
and there are two weft apparatus at each end, in order that should either of
the shuttles not leave weft correctly, the loom will be stopped, as is well
understood, when weaving single fabrics in power looms.
The arrangement of cutting apparatus which I prefer to use is that
described in the Specification of a Patent granted to Thomas Christy, junior,
on the First day of October, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, but the
same may be varied. Motion is communicated thereto by the straps d, d, on
the wheel or pulley e, and they are guided by pullies, as shown. The wheel
or pulley e receives motion by the straps f, f, actuated by the treadles g, g, as
shewn; the leaves of heddles actuated by tappets and treadles, as shewn in
the Drawings. The manner of harnessing a loom and actuating the warps
for weaving double or two piled fabrics at one time being well understood, it
is not necessary that I should enter into any description thereof, and such is
the case also in respect to the several well-known parts of the loom shewn
by the Drawings.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I make no claim to any
of the mechanical parts separately; but what I claim is, the combination of
mechanical parts herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Holt, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixth day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
Witness,
JOSEPH GREEN,
Stockport.
SAMUEL HOLT. (L.S.)