IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING PILE FABRICS
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Weild, of the City of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Machinist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR WEAVING PILE FABRICS."
Sealed the 25th November 1859, and dated the 27th May 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Weild at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
May 1859.
I, WILLIAM WEILD, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING PILE FABRICS," to be as follows:-
Firstly, my improvements relate to hook jacquards for weaving Brussels
carpet and similar pile fabrics. In weaving five-framed Brussels carpet, one
of the five pile threads in each dent space always requires to be lifted by the
jacquard when the "shed" for the pile loop has to be formed. Now my
Invention consists in arranging the jacquard, so that one of the five hooks
required for the five threads will be taken by the "griff" at all times, except
when acted upon by the "card" striking against one of the needles, which
occurs when any of the other five threads are required; each of the needles
that are acted upon by the cards being connected with the fifth hook, by pass-
ing through a loop formed in each needle of the other four hooks, acted upon
by the cards, so that there is only four needles to five hooks, and any

page_text: one of the four needles being acted upon by the cards, puts the fifth hook out
of action, the fifth hook coming in action when the needles are not operated
upon by the cards. The advantages of this arrangement of a jacquard are
obtained when there are fewer or more than five threads to each dent space,
one of which is always required to form a shed, as, by this arrangement, there
may be always one needle less than the number of hooks to be operated.
Secondly, my improvements relate to mechanism for working wires in looms
for weaving pile fabrics. One part of my improvements are made upon that
wire motion shewn by Sheet 7, Figs. 23 to 26 inclusive, of the Drawings accom-
panying the Specification of the Patent granted to me numbered 267, and
dated the Twenty-ninth January, One thousand eight hundred & fifty-
seven, and consist in dispensing with the slide which pushes against the heads
of the wires when they are inserted in the shed, modifying the shape of the
head of the wire, so that a projection from the reciprocating slide will act
directly upon the head of the wire while it is being inserted in the shed, and
so that the head of the wire only slides in the groove of the guide bar, the
point end of the wire when withdrawn from the fabric being sustained by
spring pieces or their equivalents fixed to the grooved guide bar at the end
nearest the fabric.
Another part of my improvements are made upon the wire motion
shewn on Sheet 8, Figs. 27 to 31 inclusive, of the Drawings accompanying
the aforesaid Specification of the before-mentioned Patent, and consist in
giving the required movements to the slide carrying the hook instrument,
which engages with the heads of the wires by causing it to grasp, so as to
slide upon a bar hinged, and having motion imparted to it in a manner similar
to the grooved bar or trough used for guiding the wire in the mechanism
shewn by Sheet 7 of the Drawings accompanying the aforesaid Specification of
the before mentioned Patent.
Another improvement consists in modifying the instrument for engaging
with the heads of the wires employed in the wire motion, shewn by Sheet 8 of
the Drawings accompanying the aforesaid Specification, by dispensing with the
hook part for withdrawing the wire, using, instead, the instrument employed
for this purpose in the wire motion, shewn by Sheet 7 in the Drawings
accompanying the aforesaid Specification.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Weild in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
25th November 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
WEILD, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Weild, Her. special license that I, the said William Weild,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Wil-
liam Weild, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there.
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING PILE FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said William Weild, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Weild, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the follow-
ing statement, and the accompanying five Sheets of Drawings, that is
to say:-
Firstly, my improvements relate to hook jacquards for weaving Brussels
carpet and similar pile fabrics. In weaving five-framed Brussels carpet, one
of the five pile threads in each dent space always requires to be lifted by the
jacquard when the shed for the pile loop has to be formed. Now, my Inven-
tion consists in arranging the jacquard, so that one of the five hooks required
for the five threads shall be taken by the "griff" at all times, except when
such hook is acted upon by the "card" striking against one of the needles, which
occurs when any of the other five threads are required, each of the needles
that are acted upon by the cards being connected with the fifth hook by passing
through a loop formed in each needle of the other four hooks acted upon by.

page_text: the cards, so that there are only four needles to five hooks, and any one of the
four needles being acted upon by the cards, puts the fifth hook out of action,
the fifth hook coming into action when the needles are not operated upon by
the cards. The advantages of this arrangement of a jacquard are obtained
when there are fewer or more than five threads to each dent space, one of
which is always required to form a shed, as, by this arrangement, there may
be always one needle less than the number of hooks to be actuated. Fig. 1,
Sheet 1 of the accompanying Drawings, exhibits a secțional elevation of
sufficient parts of a jacquard apparatus to illustrate my Invention. a is the
framing; b, the griff frame; c', c²; c³, c', c, the bars of the griff, which catch
upon the hooks; d', d³, d³, d, d, f, f, f³, f, are the needles; and g is the card
barrel. The jacquard shewn may be considered double, the four upper needles
(f, f, f, and f), and the hooks connected therewith operating the threads in
one dent space, and the four lower needles and their hooks operating the
threads in the next dent space. It will be seen that the jacquard shewn by
the Drawing, is of that class in which the hooks and needles are both "sprung"
by a bent tail piece from each hook, though my improved, arrangements are
applicable to jacquards in which the hooks are sprung otherwise. Each needle
fff, and f, is connected with the hooks d', da, d³, and d', and all of the
needles belonging to one dent space have a loop, through which the hook ds
passes belonging to that dent space, the long loop in the needles allowing the
hook (d) to give way to the griff bar c without interfering with the proper
action of the needles. The hooks d¹ to d*, both inclusive, are sprung, so that
their needles must be struck by the card before they will take hold of the griff
bars c¹ to c, both inclusive, but the hooks d' are "sprung," so that they will
catch upon the griff bars c as long as the needles are not struck by the card.
It will therefore be seen that when any of the needles are struck, the book d
belonging to that set will be pushed back so as not to be taken by the griff,
while the hook in connection with the needle acted upon will be lifted by
the griff.
.
Secondly, my improvements relate to mechanism for working wires in looms
for weaving pile fabrics. One part of my improvements is made upon that wire
motion shewn by Sheet 7, Figs. 23 to 26 (both inclusive) of the Drawings
accompanying the Specification of the Patent granted to me numbered 267,
and dated the Twenty-ninth day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, and consists in dispensing with the
slide which pushes against the heads of the wires when they are inserted into
the shed, and in modifying the shape of the head of the wire so that a
projection from the reciprocating slide giving end moyement to the wire, will

page_text: act directly upon the head of the wire while it is being inserted into the shed,
and also in so arranging the mechanism so that the head of the wire only will
slide in the groove of the guide bar, the point end of the wire when withdrawn
from the fabric being sustained by spring pieces or their equivalents fixed to
the grooved guide bar, at the end nearest the fabric. Another part of my
improvements is made upon the wire motion shewn on Sheet 8, Figs. 27 to 31,
both inclusive, of the Drawings accompanying my aforesaid Specification,
being specially applicable to Figs. 30 and 31 in such Sheet, and consist in
giving the required movements to the slide carrying the hooked instrument,
which engages with the heads of the wires by causing it to grasp a bar hinged
and having motion imparted to it in a manner similar to the grooved bar or
trough used for guiding the wire in the mechanism, shewn by Sheet 7 of the
Drawings accompanying my aforesaid Specification, so as to slide upon such
bar. Another improvement consists in modifying the instrument for engaging.
with the heads of the wires, which is employed in the wire motion last referred
to, and shewn by Sheet 8 of the Drawings accompanying my aforesaid
Specification, by dispensing with the hooked part of such instrument used for
withdrawing the wire, and using instead thereof the instrument employed for
this purpose in the wire motion, shewn by Sheet 7 of the Drawings of my
aforesaid Specification. These improvements are shewn detached from the
loom in the accompanying Drawings on Sheet 2, half size. Figs. 2, 3, 4,
and 5, represent views of the wire motion, which contains the improvements
herein-before referred to as made upon the wire motion shewn by Sheet 7 of
the Drawings of my aforesaid Specification. Fig. 2 is a front elevation ;
Fig. 3, a plan view; Fig. 4, a cross sectional elevation, looking towards the
inner end of the wire motion; and Fig. 5, a section through part of the trough
or grooved bar and the parts in which the heads of the wire are held when
woven into the fabric. Some of the parts of the wire motion are omitted and
others are supposed to be broken away in these views, so as to shew more
distinctly the parts to which the improvements relate. a is the plate, upon
which the slideway (a¹) is formed, and a² are brackets, attached to the framing
of the loom, to which the plate a is secured; is the slide, giving end motion
to the wires; b' is a stud fixed in the slide (6), upon which a link (2), shewn.
in Figures 4 and 7, is jointed, which conveys reciprocating motion to the slide.
A stud in the slide (6) carries the withdrawing instrument c, which has a.
pin c on one side to keep it from falling too low, and c is an india-rubber
spring, which is attached at one end to a pin on the arm of the withdrawing
instrument, and at the other end to a pin in the slide (b). As the with-
drawing instrument does not enter the groove of the trough (d) it does not.

page_text: require to be lifted out of the way before the trough or grooved bar can be
moved, as is requisite in the wire motion described in my aforesaid Specifica-
tion, and illustrated by Drawings on Sheet 7 accompanying such Specification.
The slide 6 also carries a projection 63, which pushes against the head of each
wire when being inserted into the shed. The trough or grooved bar d, shewn
in Figs. 3 and 4, is mounted at the outer end upon a vertical shaft d¹, from
which it receives oscillating motion through an arm (d) shewn partly in
Fig. 3, the arrangement of which will be further described hereafter. On the
inner end of this trough two pieces d³ are placed, each of which is mounted on
the end of a spring d', secured to the outside of the trough (d); these
pieces (d) fit into spaces cut out of the sides of the trough (d), and have each
a semicircular cavity, so that when together (as shewn in Fig. 3) a circular
hole is formed by such.cavities, through which the wire passes. Both ends of
tho pieces (d) are bevilled off, so that when the head of the wire comes
against them, they will open and allow it to pass either into or out of the
groove. The object of these pieces (d³) is to support the point end of the
wire when it is withdrawn from the fabric, and carry it to the point at which it
is again inserted. The end of the trough (d) which is nearest to the fabric
rests and slides upon a ledge (e¹), which forms part of the bracket (e), used for
holding the heads of the wires in their places when in the fabric; f is the part
of this bracket which forms the stop against which the heads of the wires are
pushed; it turns on a centre at f¹ (shown in dotted lines) in a similar manner.
to the instrument for a similar purpose described in my aforesaid Specification,
and is kept down by the head g¹ of a spring g, which is secured to one of the
brackets a². The projection g' from the end of the spring (9) when in its
place keeps down the end of the hinged part (f), but when the spring g is
pushed outwards, the hinged part (f) is released. 9 is the piece upon the
spring g which pushes against the heads of the wires. The shape of the
heads of the wires (h) used in this wire motion is shewn in Fig. 5. There is
a projection (h) downwards, which enters the groove of the trough (d) and
another upwards (h), against which the inserting and withdrawing instru-
ments act. Both the inner and outer end of the head (2) projecting on the
lower side of the wire, is bevelled off, to facilitate the entrance of the head of
the wire which is being inserted between the head of the last wire previously
inserted, and the piece g² on the spring 9. The withdrawing instrument (c)
is equal in thickness to the breadth of the head of the wire, and enters the
nick fin, the hinged piece f when about to withdraw a wire from the fabric
in a similar manner to the instrument used for a similar purpose described in
my aforesaid Specification.

page_text: d';
Figs. 6, 7, 8, and 9, are views of a wire motion containing the improve-
ments upon the wire motion shewn on Sheet 8 of the Drawings accompanying
my aforesaid Specification. Fig. 6, is a front elevation; Fig. 7, a plan view;
Fig. 8, a cross sectional elevation, looking towards that end nearest the fabric;
and Fig. 9 is a side view, partly in section, of the bracket or box which
receives the heads of the wires, the instrument which engages with the heads
of the wires, the slide which carries such instrument, and the end of the bar
which conveys lateral motion to the slide. Some parts in these views are
omitted, and others are supposed broken away, for the purpose of shewing this
part of my improvements more clearly. a is the plate upon which the slide
way (a) is formed; a² are the brackets or feet by which it is secured to the
framing of the loom; 6 is the slide which gives end movement to the wires;
3 is a projection from the slide b; and d is a bar hinged at the outer end at
the inner end of such bar receiving horizontal oscillating movement from
a rod d³, jointed with two projections from the under side of the bar (d); this
rod (d) being round, enters into a socket in an arm d', secured on the end of
a shaft d', carried by two brackets ds. The shaft d receives oscillating
movements from a cam in the manner described in reference to Sheet 7. of
the Drawings accompanying my aforesaid Specification. The rod d' shewn in
Fig. 8 is free to move out of or turn round in the socket. The end of the
bar d rests and slides upon a ledge e', connected with the bracket e, which
holds the heads of the wires when in the fabric. The arrangement of the
spring g' and the hinged part f is similar to those parts in the wire motion
shewn by Fig. 2, 3, 4, and 5, except that the hinged part (f) is bevelled off,
to allow the withdrawing hook to pass laterally from the wire inserted to that
to be withdrawn. The slide i which carries the instrument which engages
with the heads of the wires grasps both the guide bar d and the piece ³ pro-
jecting from the slide b, this is seen best in Figs. 8 and 9. The instrument
which is secured in the slide piece i and engages with the heads of the wires
is substantially the same as that described in my aforesaid Specification. The
hook part which withdraws the wire is rivetted upon the other part (¹) of
the instrument.. A slit is formed in one side of the sliding hoop k², as shewn
in Fig. 9, and a piece is made to project from the part about half an
inch, which serves to push close to the stop piece f the heads of the wires last
inserted. The hoop 2 is drawn back from the head of the wire h by the
projection (*) from its lower side coming in contact with the stop on the end
of the guide bar d, as shewn in Fig. 9. There are two upward projections
(d) from the end of the guide bar d, between which the point end of the wire
is received when withdrawn from the fabric, and which projections serve to

page_text: transfer the wire to the point for insertion when the guide bar d is made to
oscillate; is the elastic spring which draws the hoop over the head of the
wire. In that modification of this wire motion in which the instrument for
engaging with the heads of the wires is not employed alone for withdrawing a
wire, the hook part for withdrawing is simply cut away, a projection being
made, to which the india-rubber spring (j) is attached, and a withdrawing
instrument like that (c) shewn in Fig. 2, and arranged in the same manner
is used instead.
Sheets 3, 4, and 5, of the accompanying Drawings shew some of the
ordinary parts of a loom, and the manner in which the wire motion,
represented by Figs. 2, 3, 4 and 5 is applied, and has the required move-
ments imparted to it. Fig. 10, Sheet 3, is a plan view; Fig. 11, Sheet 4,
a front elevation; and Fig. 12, Sheet 5, is a side elevation of such loom.
The following are some of the ordinary parts of a carpet loom, which are
shewn wholly or partly in the views last referred to, some of the parts being
supposed broken away:-A is the framing; b is the first motion shaft, also
the crank shaft; m are the driving pulleys; n is the fly or hand wheel; p is
the tappet shaft; 9 are the tappets for working healds; r, the heald levers;
s, the roller for body warp; t, the roller for pile warp; u, the reed; v, the
supporting roller for woven fabric; w, the taking-up roller; x, the roller
upon which the woven fabric is wound. The same letters of reference which
have been herein-before used in describing the improved wire motion, Figs
2 to 5, both inclusive, will be found on such principal parts of the wire
motion as are shewn in Figs. 10, 11 and 12, so that the position of the wire
motion in relation to the ordinary weaving parts of the loom will be readily
understood.
The lateral oscillation of the trough or bar d in either of the two improved
wire motions herein-before described may be produced by the same arrange-
ments by which the trough is actuated in the wire motion, shewn by Sheet 7
of the Drawing accompanying my aforesaid Specification, by which arrange-
ments the wire motion represented by Figs. 6 to 9, inclusive, of the accom-
panying Drawings is intended to be actuated; or either or both of the
improved wire motions shewn on Sheet 2 of the accompanying Drawings may
be actuated by arrangements which are particularly shewn in Figs. 10, 11,
and 12, and herein-after described. The cam P¹ for giving end motion to
the wires is placed upon the tappet shaft p, and it acts upon an antifriction
bowl on a stud fixed in a lever p³, which has its fulcrum on a stud P³ secured
in the framing of the loom; to the other end of this lever (P³) one end of an
adjustable link is jointed, the other end being jointed to an arm (P) fixed

page_text: on the end of a shaft P, carried by two brackets secured to the framing. To
a short arm from the shaft Pe another arm P' is secured, to the upper end of
which one end of a link be is jointed, the other end being placed on the stud b
in the slide b. The oscillations of the trough or bar d are given by the
vertical shaft d', which has a footstep bearing in a bracket secured to the
framing. Upon the lower end of the shaft (d¹) an arm d³ is fixed, upon the
end of which an antifriction bowl is placed, which is acted upon by a cam Ps
fixed on the end of the tappet shaft P, the anti-friction bowl being kept against
the cam by a spring P' secured to the arm (d2) at one end, and to a bracket
upon the framing of the loom at the other end.
The cams for actuating the wire motion herein-before described are shaped
and arranged so as to operate in the same manner as those cams employed for
actuating the wire motion exhibited by Sheet 7 of the Drawings accompanying
my aforesaid Specification.
I have now particularly described my Invention and the manner in which it
may be carried into effect, and as relates to the first part of my Invention, I
wish it to be understood that I only claim the arrangement of hook jacquards
for weaving Brussels carpet and other similar pile fabrics, as herein-before
described under the first division of my Specification, as I am aware arrange-
ments having the same object have been used in that class of jacquard
machines in which knotted cords and a trap board are used. .
As relates to the second part of my Invention, I claim the improved wire
motions and arrangements for actuating wires in their combination and
arrangement, substantially as herein-before described, except in so far as such
combination and arrangement, or any part thereof is referred to as having
been described in the Specification filed in pursuance of the condition for that
purpose contained in the said Letters Patent granted to me on the Twenty-
ninth day of January, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-seven.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Weild, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
W. WEILD.
(L.S.)