AN IMPROVED COVERING FOR PREVENTING THE RADIATION OR TRANSMISSION OF HEAT
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Toope, of the City, County, and State of New
York, and at present of Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, for the
- Invention of "AN IMPROVED COVERING FOR PREVENTING THE RADIATION
OR TRANSMISSION OF HEAT."
Sealed the 13th October 1877, and dated the 23rd May 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Toope at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd May 1877.
CHARLES TOOPE, of the City, County, and State of New York, and at present of
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex. "AN IMPROVED COVERING FOR
PREVENTING THE RADIATION OR TRANSMISSION OF HEAT.""
This Invention relates to an improved covering for preventing loss of heat by
radiation from steam boilers, steam pipes, and other surfaces, and for preventing
the freezing of gas and water pipes, and the transmission of heat to refrigerators,
and other receptacles.
This improved covering possesses the advantages of lightness and durability,
being free from all liability to crack or crumble; it may be handled without
damage, and applied, to the pipes or other surfaces when the same are either hot
or cold.
The covering is made of woollen paper (or woollen rag paper) formed into hollow
cylinders in the following way :-I take a roll of paper as it comes from the mill,
and place it on a spindle mounted horizontally in bearings in a suitable frame..
Near this spindle, and parallel thereto, I mount a mandrel of a diameter cor-
responding to the diameter of the pipe to which the covering is to be applied. The
paper is drawn from the roll and wrapped round the mandrel until it is sufficiently
gripped to be coiled thereon when the latter is rotated. A balanced rubber is caused
to press on the paper to keep it smooth and free from wrinkles, and a tension
device applied on the roll of paper to regulate the strain on the paper, which should
be coiled as tightly as possible on the mandrel. A paste trough beneath the mandrel
is now raised by a lever until the paper on the mandrel is immersed in the paste.
The paper is now wound on the mandrel until the desired thickness is attained,

page_text: each coil being united to the previous one by the paste. The web of paper is then
cut, and the mandrel turned briskly and the surplus paste removed. The paste
box is then dropped out of the way, and the mandrel removed from its bearings and
drawn out of the tube of paper which is placed in a drying oven, and when
This
thoroughly dry is cut to any desired length, and is then ready for use.
tubular covering is severed longitudinally, and a longitudinal groove cut at the
opposite side in its internal surface, so that the tube may open as on a hinge to
be applied on pipes, &c., after which the opening is fastened by pins or other
suitable fastening.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Charles Toope in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 22nd November
1877.
CHARLES TOOPE, of the City, County, and State of New York, and at present of
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex. "AN IMPROVED COVERING FOR
PREVENTING THE RADIATION OR TRANSMISSION OF HEAT."
This Invention relates to an improved covering for vessels, receptacles, or
containers of various kinds for preventing the radiation or transmission of heat
therefrom or thereto; the said covering being applicable for preventing loss of heat
from steam boilers, steam and hot water pipes, for preventing the freezing of
gas and water pipes, pumps and tanks, and for preventing the transmission of heat
to refrigerators and other analogous receptacles.
This improved covering possesses the advantages of lightness and durability in a
high degree; it is free from all liability to crack or crumble, and may be handled
without damage and applied to the pipes or other surfaces when the same are either
hot or cold.
The covering is made of layers of woollen rag paper (known also as woollen paper
or woollen felt) pasted together until the desired thickness is attained, and the covering,
when intended for application to pipes and other cylindrical or tubular objects
of moderate diameter, is preferably made in the form of a tube of cylindrical or
polygonal form in the following way I take a roll of the woollen paper as it
comes from the mill, and place it on a horizontal spindle supported in bearings in a
suitable frame. In other bearings in front of, and parallel thereto, I mount a mandrel
corresponding in shape and diameter to the pipe or other object to which the
covering is to be applied. The paper is drawn from the roll, and its end wrapped
once or more times round the mandrel until it is sufficiently gripped to be wound
thereon when the mandrel is rotated. A scraper or "doctor" is then adjusted so as to
press on the paper to keep it smooth and free from wrinkles, and to scrape off the
surplus paste; and a tension device is applied to the roll to regulate the strain
on the paper, which should be wound as tightly as possible on the mandrel. A paste
trough beneath the mandrel is then raised by a lever or otherwise until the
paper
the mandrel is immersed in the paste. The paper is now wound on the mandrel until a
thickness of, say, half an inch to an inch is attained, each convolution being united
to the previous one by the paste. The web of paper is then cut, and the mandrel
turned briskly, and the surplus paste removed. The paste box having been
lowered out of the way, the mandrel is removed from its bearings and drawn out of
the tube of paper which encircles it. The paper tube is then placed in a drying
on

page_text: oven, and when thoroughly dry is first cut in any desired lengths, and then severed
longitudinally along one side by a circular saw; and a longitudinal groove or cut is
made partially through its thickness at the opposite internal surface, so that the tube
may be opened as on a hinge to enable it to be applied on a pipe, &c. The covering is
secured in place by uniting the severed edges by means of ☐ shaped staples, or
dogs, or other suitable fastenings.
In making coverings for tanks and other flat surfaces, and for boilers, stills, and
other vessels of curved or irregular shape, I employ a flat or curved table, or a
former or block of corresponding shape to the vessel for which the covering is
intended; and upon this table, former, or block, separate layers or sheets of the
paper, cut to a suitable shape, are applied in succession, each sheet being coated
with paste before the next one is applied, and rubbed with sufficient pressure to
take out wrinkles, express the surplus paste, and make it adhere closely. When a
sufficient thickness is attained the covering is placed in the drying oven until
thoroughly dry. The edges are then trimmed square, and the sheets cut to shape
by a circular saw.
In making a covering for a boiler or still, or any triangular form of vessel, the
block is generally in the form of a segment only of the entire vessel, the entire
covering being made up of a number of segments or pieces jointed together by
☐ shaped staples with bands of hoop iron or brass bolted around the joints.
Having described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of performing
the same, I declare that what I claim as my Invention to be protected by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
1st. The manufacture of a covering of tubular, curved, segmental, flat, or other
form, composed of several thicknesses or layers of woollen paper (woollen rag paper
or felting) united together, and the application thereof to steam boilers, steam,
water, or gas pipes, refrigerators, tanks, and other vessels for preventing radiation
or transmission of heat, substantially as specified.
2nd. A covering for pipes made of woollen paper in the form of a tube severed
longitudinally at one side, and having a longitudinal groove or cut made partially
through its opposite internal surface, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Toope, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Twenty-first day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
CH. TOOPE. (L.S.)