Improvements in and relating to Apparatus or Machinery for Kneading or Mixing Dough.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Aug., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 23rd May, 1892--Accepted, 25th June, 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Apparatus or Machinery for
Kneading or Mixing Dough.
A communication from abroad by LA SOCIÉTÉ DAGRY ET ARNAULT, of
119, Rue du Château, Paris, in the Republic of France.
I, GEORGE CECIL DYMOND, M. Inst. M.E., of the Agency for Foreign
Patent Solicitors, 6, Lord Street, Liverpool & 6 Bank Street, Manchester,
both in the County of Lancaster & 323 High Holborn in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:--
This invention relates to that kind of kneading or mixing apparatus or machinery
known as
"Mechanical Kneaders" and which are intended to effect the kneading
of the dough or paste which is contained in a pan or trough, for the manufacture of
bread.
It consists essentially of a frame work which is chiefly intended to be placed on
a rectangular trough of the shape of the usual bakers' kneading troughs and on the
surface of which latter such apparatus or machine travels automatically so as to
progressively deal with the dough to be kneaded or worked.
This apparatus is composed essentially of two parts or elements arranged on one
side and the other of the same axes, and around which latter such parts can
oscillate so as to alternately perform the two operations, which are usually done by
the bakers' arms, that is to say, first of all the kneading operation and then the
drawing or pulling and the aëration one.
The invention relates further to various improved points in the construction and
working of the various parts of the apparatus or mechanism.
The apparatus is mounted on a frame, hereinafter called the "traversing frame,"
the two sides of which are connected at their extremities by cross pieces so as to
form a sort of carriage which has fitted to it wheels whereby it can travel on rails
fitted on the upper edges of a trough, similar to the ordinary bakers' kneading
troughs.
One of these sides carries the driving gear, and the other carries the traversing
mechanism, but it is easily seen that the whole of this mechanism could if desired
be also arranged on one side of the apparatus.
The two sides of the frame carry a shaft or spindle, hereinafter called the
"motor shaft," around which the two parts forming the kneader and the puller or
aërator, which are both mounted on a common frame hereinafter called the
revolving frame, can revolve or rock. The motor shaft also serves for conveying
movement to these two parts and to the apparatus, so that an automatic movement
of the kneading or mixing apparatus or machine on the trough will take place, as
will be explained further on.
As the kneader and the puller must work alternately, the revolving frame
carrying them turns freely on the motor shaft and such frame is fitted with
a transverse arm for oscillating it. Such arm is maintained in its two opposite
positions by means of spring clips fitted to the extremity of the side of the
traversing frame."
KNEADER.
This part when it works occupies a position so as to penetrate completely into
the trough. It is composed of two double branches placed at right angles one to
the other, and fitted with transverse blades, these branches are bent up at their
extremities so as to stir up the material while the water and the flour are being
mixed

page_text: The axes of these double branches are held in their part of the oscillating
revolving frame above mentioned and move in contrary directions by means of
conical bevel gearing actuated by an intermediate shaft, hereinafter called the
"intermediate shaft," which is itself actuated by the motor shaft or by means of
cog wheels.
When hard dough or paste is to be kneaded or worked, this kneading tool may
be somewhat varied and its two branches assume the form of a helicoidal spiral.
The two spirals forming one of the branches have a right hand twist whilst those
of the other branch have a left hand twist; in this manner these spiral blades by
crossing one another and revolving in opposite directions penetrate without
difficulty into the paste or dough and tend at all points to raise it towards the
surface of the trough.
PULLER.
The arrangement intended to draw or pull and aërate the dough is formed of two
helical wings placed synimetrically and revolving in a contrary direction so as to
draw or pull the dough between them and to raise it in order to aërate it, and at
the same time to cause it to slowly turn over on itself.
These wings are mounted on independent axes and are held at the lower
extremities of downwardly extending branches of the revolving frame. These two
independent axes have each a cog wheel actuated by an endless chain, which receives
its motion from another cog wheel, and one of these cog wheels is keyed on the
motor shaft and the other is fixed on the intermediate shaft and revolves in a
contrary direction to the first one.
This arrangement of the two helical wings has the advantage of avoiding any
longitudinal reaction which would tend to restrain the regular movement of the
kneader on the trough, as will be explained further on.
AUTOMATIC ALTERNATING MOVEMENT OF THE KNEADING OR MIXING
ADDAD A TITS
ADDAATTIS
This movement is effected automatically and in an intermittent manner by means
of the action of two catches hinged on a bar, which latter has an alternating move-
ment and gears with a ratchet fitted on one of the upper edges of the kneading or
mixing trough.
For this purpose such bar is movable in fixed supports of the side of the
traversing frame, and has a vertical groove into which enters a cranked piece fitted
to a gear wheel, which latter is actuated by a cog wheel keyed on the above named
motor shaft.
As only one of the aforesaid clips must work at a time, their heel pieces are
controlled by the extremities of a slide, hereinafter called the "controlling slide,"
against which they abut, and which controlling slide is held in guide supports fixed
on the aforesaid alternately moving bar. The position of this controlling slide on
such bar is regulated by a spring point which is fitted to the bar and which,
according as it is placed on one side or the other of a bevelled projection arranged
in the middle of the slide maintains one or other of the engaging clips in a raised
position.
A handle having a hook allows, when necessary, the controlling slide to be
stopped in the middle of its course, and when such is the case both of the two clips
will be then raised.
In order to produce the alternative' movement of the kneading or mixing
apparatus on the trough, small projections are fitted on the interior of the sides of
the trough at their top, and which, as will be seen further on, forces the controlling
slide to shift under the spring point and consequently produce the alteration in the
action of the engaging clips.
As the dimensions of the kneaders and of the pulling and aërating wings are
different, the travel of the apparatus must vary according as one or the other of

page_text: these parts is in action. For this purpose the controlling slide comes under the
influence of the small projections, just mentioned, by means of a buttressed bar
acting in the following manner.
On the external face of the revolving frame a cam is fixed through the centre of
which passes the motor shaft and this cam is fixed in a rectangular frame capable
of being raised or lowered in guides fixed on the side of the traversing frame.
This rectangular frame is fitted at its lower part with small rails on which
extensions made in one piece with the buttressed bar may slide and which
extensions pass over the controlling slide in order to carry it with them in their
horizontal movement.
The cam is of similar form to the bar and will be raised more or less according
as one or the other of the parts, that is the kneader or the puller is raised and
brought into action or placed horizontally.
When the drawer or puller wings are in action, the buttressed bar is lowered
sufficiently for its extremities to encounter the small projections on the inside of
the trough, and when it is the kneader which is in action, the two small buttresses
which are on the buttressed bar are at a less distance from the centre of this bar
and encounter the projections. The traverse of the apparatus must then be greater
in this latter case. Finally when these two parts, that is the kneader and the
puller, are placed horizontally, the buttressed bar will have reached its highest
position, and in this case the two catches being raised it is possible to freely move
the apparatus on the trough when the kneading of the paste has been completed.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Apparatus or Machinery for
Kneading or Mixing Dough.
A communication from abroad by LA SOCIÉTÉ DAGRY ET ARNAULT, of
119, Rue du Château, Paris, in the Republic of France.
I, GEORGE CECIL DYMOND, M. Inst. M.E. of the Agency for Foreign
Patent Solicitors, 6 Lord Street, Liverpool and 6, Bank Street, Manchester,
both in the County of Lancaster & 323 High Holborn in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:—
This invention relates to that kind of kneading or mixing apparatus or machinery
known as "Mechanical Kneaders" and which are intended to effect the kneading
of the dough or paste which is contained in a pan or trough, for the manufacture
of bread.
It consists essentially of a frame work which is chiefly intended to be placed
on a rectangular trough of the shape of the usual bakers' kneading troughs and on
the surface of which latter such apparatus or machine travels automatically so as to
progressively deal with the dough to be kneaded or worked.
This apparatus is composed essentially of two parts or elements arranged on
the two sides of a common axis, around which they can oscillate so as to
alternately perform the two operations, which are usually done by the bakers'
arms, first of all the kneading operation, and then the drawing or pulling and the
aëration one.
The invention relates further to various improved points in the construction and
working of the various parts of the apparatus or mechanism.
The invention may be more easily understood by reference being made to the
accompanying sheet of drawings, in which :-
Figure 1 is a transverse section of the kneading machine mounted on the
trough.
Figure 2 is a side view of the apparatus taken from the driving side.
Figure 3 is a side view on a larger scale showing the automatic travelling
mechanism of the apparatus.
Figure 4 is a plan of this mechanisin with the parts in section.
Figure 5 is a vertical section of this same mechanism.
Figure 6 is a view of a particular mechanical kneading apparatus fitted to the
machine.
Figure 7 is a separate view of the contrivance for pulling or aërating the
paste.
The apparatus is mounted on a frame, hereinafter called the "traversing
frame," the two sides D D₁ of which are connected at their extremities by cross
pieces D2 D2 so as to form a sort of carriage which has fitted to it wheels C,
whereby it can travel on rails B fitted on the upper edges of a trough A,
similar to the ordinary bakers' kneading troughs. In the arrangement shown
as a sample in the drawings, one of these sides, D, carries the driving gear,
and the other, D', carries the traversing mechanism, but it is easily seen that
the whole of this mechanism could, if desired, be also arranged on one side of the
apparatus.
The two sides D D' of the frame carry a shaft or spindle E, hereinafter called
the motor shaft," around which the two parts forming the kneader Land the puller
or aërator P, which are both mounted on a common frame K K¹ hereinafter called
the revolving frame, can revolve or rock. The motor shaft E also serves for
conveying movement to these two parts and to the apparatus, so that an automatic

page_text: ALTERNATING TRAVELLING MOVEMENT OF THE KNEADING
OR MIXING APPARATUS.
This movement is effected automatically and in an intermittent manner by means
of the action of two catches n hinged on a bar, m, which has an alternating move-
ment and is geared with a ratchet Y fitted on one of the upper edges of the
kneading or mixing trough A, as seen in Figures 1, 3, 4 and 5.
For this purpose, the bar m is movable in fixed supports of the side D' of the
traversing frame, and has a vertical groove into which enters a cranked piece W
fitted to a gear wheel g, which latter is actuated by a cog wheel of keyed on the
above named motor shaft E.
As only one of the aforesaid clips n n must work at a time, their heel pieces are

page_text: controlled by the extremities of a slide p, hereinafter called the "controlling slide,"
against which they abut. This controlling slide is held in guide supports fixed on
the aforesaid alternately moving bar m. The position of this controlling slide on
such bar is regulated by a spring point which is fitted to the bar m and which,
according as it is placed on one side or the other of a bevelled projection arranged
in the middle of the slide p, maintains one or other of the engaging catches n in a
raised position.
A handle g having a hook allows, when necessary, the controlling slide p to be
stopped in the middle of its course, and, when such is the case, both of the two
catches will be then raised, as shown in Figure 3.
In order to produce the alternative movement of the kneading or mixing
apparatus on the trough A, small projections F are fitted on the interior of the
sides of the trough at the top of its ends, which, as will be seen further on, force
the controlling slide p to shift under the spring point r and consequently produce
the alteration in the action of the engaging clips.
As the dimensions of the kneaders Land of the pulling and aërating wings P are
different, the travel of the apparatus must vary according as one or the other of
these parts is in action. For this purpose, the controlling slide p comes under the
influence of the small projections F just mentioned by means of a buttressed bar b
acting in the following manner:-
On the external face of the revolving frame K K¹ a cam a is fixed, and
through its centre of rotation the motor shaft E passes. This cam is fixed in a
rectangular frame c capable of being raised or lowered in guides fixed on the
side D¹ of the traversing frame. This rectangular frame is fitted at its lower part
with small rails on which extensions d, made in one piece with the buttressed
bar b, may slide, and which extensions pass over the controlling slide p in order to
carry it with them in their horizontal movement.
The cam a is of such a form that the bar 6 will be raised more or less according
as one or other of the parts, that is to say, the kneader or the puller, is lowered and
brought into action or placed horizontally.
When the wings P P of the drawer or puller are in action, the buttressed bar b
is lowered sufficiently for its extremities to encounter the small projections F on
the inside of the trough, and, when it is the kneader L which is in action, it is the
two small buttresses e on the buttressed bar nearer the centre of the same which
encounter the projections. The traverse of the apparatus must then be greater
in this latter case. Finally, when these two parts, that is to say, the kneader and
the puller, are placed horizontally, the buttressed bar b will have reached its
highest position as shown, Figure 3, and in this case, the two catches n n being
raised, it is possible to freely move the apparatus on the trough A when the
kneading of the paste has been completed.
METHOD OF ACTUATING.
When the apparatus has to be worked by hand, a flywheel Z having a pinion G
which drives a wheel H is made use of; the shaft of this wheel carries another
pinion which finally actuates a cog wheel J, keyed on the end of the motor
shaft E, as shown in Figures 1 and 2 of the drawings hereto annexed.
In this case, the workman moves alternately in one direction or another along
the trough, A, at the same time that he continues to revolve the flywheel Z always
in the same direction.
When the motion is to be sunnlied by a motor a longitudinal shaft S havino a

page_text: will travel along the trough at the same time as the apparatus, the sleeve t on the
longitudinal shaft S receiving in all its positions the movement of such shaft by
the groove which it engages.
Finally, it may be pointed out that the kneading machine just described may, if
necessary be placed on a circular cast trough, for instance, and may have a circular
rack on its upper part.
In this case, a single engaging catch will suffice, which is set in action by the
flywheel Z revolved by the workman moving always in the same direction round
the trough, all the parts of the mechanism relating to the reversal of the direction,
the travelling motion of the apparatus and the automatic regulation of the extent
of its course being dispensed with. Further, if the motion is to be transmitted
mechanically to the kneader, a slow movement in a circular direction on the trough
may be given to it by means of a central shaft actuated by a motor; the circular
rack arranged on the trough then serves to transmit the rotary motion to the shaft E
and, consequently, to the two parts, the kneader L and the puller P, which are
then capable of working alternately, as described above.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me by
my foreign correspondents, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. A kneading apparatus to be mounted on a movable carriage on the top of a
baker's trough, having two parts (a kneader and a puller) for operating, in turn, on
the dough, and mounted in an oscillating common frame on opposite sides of a
horizontal shaft which transmits motion to these two parts, and also to the
carriage supporting the whole mechanism, substantially as hereinbefore described
and shown.
2. In a mechanical kneading apparatus, the arrangement of a frame (K) capable
of oscillating on the motor shaft (E), and carrying the kneader L and puller P
revolving in opposite directions, the two branches of the kneader being actuated by
an intermediate shaft N revolving in a contrary direction to the shaft E, and the
two branches of the puller being actuated (by means of endless chains) the one
by the shaft E and the other by the shaft N, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
3. In a mechanical kneading apparatus, the arrangement for alternately moving
the frame D D¹ carrying the parts in both directions, consisting in the combination
of two opposed catches (n) acting alternately on a rack (Y) on the trough, and
hinged on a common slide-bar m, which is operated by a cranked piece and gearing
actuated by the shaft E, with a sliding piece p on the bar m, and shifting from one
side to another of a spring point ("), under the action of projections arranged in
the trough and determining the successive action of one or other of the catches,
and, consequently, the direction of the movement of the apparatus on the trough,
substantially as bereinbefore described.
4. In a mechanical kneading apparatus, an arrangement for automatically
regulating the course of the travelling carriage, consisting of the combination, with
the slide p, of a bar 6 which is attached thereto, and which is provided with
projections, such as e, placed at unequal distances apart and arranged at different
heights, the height of the bar (b) above projections (F) on the trough being
regulated by means of a frame e which a cam (a) attached to the oscillating frame K
more or less raises, substantially as herein before described.
5. In a mechanical kneading apparatus, the special kind of "kneader" which is
composed of two branches in the form of helicoidal spirals twisted opposite ways,
as shown, and revolving in opposite directions with the object hereinbefore named,
and in the manner shown in Figure 6 of the accompanying sheet of drawings.
6. The arrangement of a mechanical kneading apparatus such as hereinbefore
described, and shown in the accompanying drawings, and comprising the
carriage (D D¹) movable on a baker's trough; a kneader (L) and puller (P)
arranged on this carriage and capable of oscillating on a shaft (E) which actuates

page_text: them in the manner above described; a mechanism for alternately reversing the
carriage by the action of catches (n) acting on a fixed rack (Y) and working auto-
matically in the manner hereinbefore described; an eccentric cam (a) regulating
the extent of the travel of the carriage on the trough according to the positions of
the kneader and the puller; an operating mechanism composed of a shaft (S) and
a movable sleeve (t) on such shaft, which actuates the driving wheels, one of
which may have a flywheel allowing the apparatus to be driven by hand,
substantially as hereinbefore described.
Dated this 21st day of May 1899
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.