IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NUT BLANKS AND IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields,
in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NUT BLANKS AND IN MACHINERY
AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH."-A Communication from abroad
by Jonathan Ostrander, of Richmond, County of Henrico, State of
Virginia, United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 14th February 1873.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NUT BLANKS AND IN
MACHINERY AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," a communication to me
from abroad by Jonathan Ostrander, of Richmond, County of Henrico,
State of Virginia, United States of America, to be as follows:-
"
This Invention relates firstly to a peculiar mode or method of manu-
facturing nut blanks by making such blanks from a crude pile by a

page_text: succession of passes between rolls which gradually reduce the said pile
over a core or former to the desired shape of the nut bar, and by subse-
quently severing the said bar into lengths as set forth hereafter, nut
blanks of a superior quality as regards strength and solidity being
manufactured by this process.
Secondly. To peculiar machinery for conducting the above mentioned
manufacture.
And Thirdly. To certain piles which the Inventor prefers to use in
making the nut blanks.
In carrying out this Invention a pair of rolls are employed having a
series of grooves for reducing the crude tubular fagot by a succession of
passes to the desired tubular nut bar, the reduction being accomplished
by rolling the faggot over and from a former or core, the said core being
attached to or forming a part of a rod which rests in one or other of the
notches of a bar, against which a collar on the said rod bears as the
rolls reduce the pile and draw it over and from the said core.
At the rear of the machine is a table having grooves corresponding in
form and arrangement with the grooves of tho rolls, so that on each
pass of the tubular pile or bar the latter will be received by one of the
grooves of the table which is adapted to its shape, the groove preventing
the bar from turning, and tending to retain it in a straight condition
and in a proper position for being transferred to the front of the rolls
prior to another pass. This table is arranged to be vertically adjustable
by screws or other means, its ends fitting into elongated slots or grooves
in the frames or housings of the machine for that purpose. A rest bar 1
supports the pile and frame, and is also vertically adjustable in the
frame of the machine.
The tubular pile or faggot may be composed of any desired number of
pieces formed in the muck or puddle rolls from scrap, pig, or old railroad
iron, but the manner described hereafter of forming the pile is preferred.
On making the first pass between the rolls while at a welding heat the
several parts composing the pile will be united and the pile reduced in
diameter and elongated; a second pass will still further weld and
condense the pieces of which the pile is composed and further elongate
and reduce the bar, the continued passes and continued reduction of the
pile finally reducing it to the desired tubular nut bar, which is of a solid
and homogeneous character owing to the distribution of the welded parts

page_text: throughout the bar by its gradual reduction. After the bar has been
completed it is sawed into proper lengths for forming the desired nut
blanks, which can at once be converted into nuts by threading them
internally in the usual manner.
Whenever old rails are at hand ready for use in the construction of
the pile it is preferable to make the latter of two lengths of old rails,
confined between two plates which have ribs for maintaining the rails at
the desired distance apart, filling pieces being applied to the sides of the
rails, and the whole being bound together by rods. This tubular pile
may be converted at once into tubular nut bars of a square or hexagonal
form as desired; or the tubular pile may be composed of but two
triangular grooved bars rolled especially for the purpose, and adapted to
each other so that when put together they will form a rectangular bar
with a cylindrical longitudinal opening therein.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 13th August 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, send grecting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of February, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said John Henry Johnson, Her special licenso
that I, the said John Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Henry Johnson,
my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF NUT BLANKS AND IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS CONNECTED
THEREWITH," a communication to me from abroad by Jonathan Ostrander,

page_text: of Richmond, County of Henrico, State of Virginia, United States of
America, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John
Henry Johnson, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascer-
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Henry Johnson, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to
say:
The said Invention relates first to a peculiar mode or method of
manufacturing nut blanks by making such blanks from a crude pile by
a succession of passes between rolls which gradually reduce the said
pile over a core or former to the desired shape of the nut bar, and by
subsequently severing the said bar into lengths as set forth hereafter,
nut blanks of a superior quality as regards strength and solidity being
manufactured by this process.
Secondly. To peculiar machinery for conducting the above mentioned
manufacture.
And Thirdly. To certain peculiar piles which the Inventor prefers to
use in making the nut blanks.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood I shall
now proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose
shall refer to the several Figures on the annexed Sheet of Drawings, the
same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts in all the
Figures.
Figure 1 of the Drawings is a vertical section of a tube rolling
machine with the improvements attached; Figure 2 a side view of the
machine; Figure 3 a plan view.
B, B, are rolls having a series of grooves for reducing the crude
tubular fagot by a succession of passes to the desired tubular nut bar,
the reduction being accomplished by rolling the fagot over and from a

page_text: •
former or core F, best observed in Figure 1, the said core being attached
to or forming a part of the rod A which rests in one or other of the
notches of the bar H, against which a collar G on the rod A bears, as
the rolls, turning in the direction of the arrow, reduce the pile and draw
it over and from the said core F.
At the rear of the machine is a table L having grooves corresponding
in form and arrangement with the grooves of the rolls, so that on each
pass of the tubular pile or bar the latter will be received by one of the
grooves of the table which is adapted to its shape, the groove preventing
the bar from turning, and tending to retain it in a straight condition.
and in a proper position for being transferred to the front of the rolls
prior to another pass. The table L is arranged to be vertically adjustable.
by screws or other means, its ends fitting into clongated slots or grooves
in the frames or housings of the machine for that purpose. M is a rest
bar for supporting the pile and former, and is also vertically adjustable
in the frame of the machine.
The tubular pile or fagot may be composed of any desired number of
pieces formed in the muck or puddle rolls from scrap, pig, or old railroad
iron, but the manner described hereafter of forming the pile is preferred.
On making the first pass between the rolls while at a welding heat the
_several parts composing the pile will be united and the pile reduced in
diameter and elongated; a second pass will still further weld and
condense the pieces of which the pile is composed, and further elongate
and reduce the bar, the continued passes and continued reduction of the
pile finally reducing it to the desired tubular nut bar, which is of a solid
and homogeneous character owing to the distribution of the welded
parts throughout the bar by its gradual reduction. After the bar has
been completed it is sawed into proper lengths for forming the desired
nut blanks, which can at once be converted into nuts by threading them
internally in the usual manner.
Whenever old rails are at hand ready for use in the construction of
the pile it is preferable to make the latter in the manner illustrated in
Figure 4, where d, d, represent two lengths of old rails confined between
two plates a and b, which have ribs e for maintaining the rails at the
desired distance apart, filling pieces c, c, being applied to the sides of
the rails, and the whole being bound together by rods f,f. This tubular
pile may be converted at once into tubular nut bars of a square or

page_text: hexagonal form, as desired. The tubular pile Figure 5 is composed of
but two bars rolled especially for the purpose and adapted to each other
in a manner too clearly shewn in the Drawing to need description.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider
to be novel and original and therefore claim as the Invention secured
to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First. Manufacturing nut blanks from a crude pile by a succession of
passes between rolls which gradually reduce the said pile on a core or 1
former to a tubular nut bar of the desired shape, and subsequently
severing the bar into the desired lengths, all as set forth.
Second. The combination with the core or former F of rolls with a
series of grooves for the gradual reduction of a tubular pile over the
said former.
Third. The combination with the grooved rolls B of the correspond-
ingly grooved and adjustable table L.
Fourth. The combination with the grooved rolls B of the adjustable
bar M for supporting the pile and former as set forth.
ני
Fifth. The tubular pile composed of rails and bars, substantially as 2
hercin-before described and illustrated in Figure 3.
Sixth. The tubular pile composed of two bars formed and adapted to
each other as herein-before described and illustrated in Figure 5 of the
Drawing annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have to this 2
my Specification set my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of
August, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.