Improvements in Explosion Engines.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Oct., 1896-Accepted, 12th Dec., 1896
Improvements in Explosion Engines.
I, DANIEL AUGE, Civil Engineer, of 21 Rue Meynadier, Paris, in the Republic
of France, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be employed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
The present application relates to an improved explosion engine, particularly
characterized by the special arrangement of the distribution and of the governor
or regulator.
In my improved engine, all the parts of the distribution are arranged and
combined so as to constitute a removable box applied to the rear of the cylinders;
in addition to which, the two burners are sufficiently near to each other to be
rendered incandescent by the same source of heat.
The distribution box comprises a number of cocks, operated either by hand or
automatically (the two operations may be simultaneous) and permitting a regulation
both qualitative and quantitative of the explosive mixture.
The volume of gas introduced varies according to the exigences of the engine,
but in such a manner that this latter never works empty; consequently the
irregularities of working which are generally produced, in this case, with ordinary
engines, are thus obviated.
In order that the invention may be more clearly understood I have illustrated
the same in the accompanying drawings, in which
Fig. 1 is a side elevation
Fig. 2 is a plan of the same.
eron]
Fig. 3 is a horizontal section on the line 1-2 of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a back view of the engine.
Fig. 5 shows in elevation the distribution box
Fig. 6 is a vertical longitudiual section
Fig. 7 is a plan of same.
Fig. 8 is a transverse section drawn on the line 3-4 of Fig. 5.
Fig. 9 is a vertical transverse section drawn on the line 5-6 of Fig. 4.
Fig. 10 to 13 show in horizontal section, different positions of the qualitative
regulating cock.
Fig. 14 represents the plug of this cock.
Figures 15 and 16 show in vertical longitudinal and transverse sections the
arrangement of the quantitative regulating cock.
Fig. 17 represents the plug of this cock.
Figures 18 and 19 represent in elevation and in a horizontal section, the
regulator or governor.
In all the figures, the same letters of reference indicate like parts.
My improved engine comprises two cylinders fixed together, the pistons of which
are coupled together and connected by a double connecting rod a. a' having a
single cross head to the crank pin of the driving shaft b.
The engine is a four cycle engine and is regulated in such manner that, the two
pistons moving together during the foreward movement of these pistons, one of the
cylinders acts, say for aspiration and the other by explosion whilst at the back-
ward movement, the first acts, say for compression whilst the other is being
exhausted.
To the upper part of the cylinders the distribution box is applied.

page_text: This latter comprises two explosion chambers c. c communicating respectively
with the interior of the two cylinders, and an exhaust chamber d capable of
communicating with these two explosion chambers by the intermediary of two
valves e. e¹.
To each of these explosion chambers is connected respectively a lighting tube f
or f which are sufficiently near to each other to be rendered incandescent by the
same source of heat.
Above the two explosion chambers cc' is arranged a receiving chamber g for the
explosive mixture capable of communicating with each of these chambers cc by
the valves h. h².
C
Into the chamber g opens a cylindrical conduit i on which are mounted the
regulating cocks.
At the upper part of the conduit i are branched the tubej for the entrance of
carburetted air and the tube k for the entrance of atmospheric air.
The proportion of carburetted air and of atmospheric air is regulated by a
cock Z.
This latter is constituted by a hollow cylinder presenting a semi circular groove
the width of which gradually increases and which terminates in an orifice l³ of the
diameter of the tube j.
By acting on the handle of this cock l, the proportion of the explosive mixture
may be varied at will; thus when the plug occupies the position of Fig. 10, all
entrance of carburetted air is stopped and only atmosperic air enters; in the case
of Fig. 11 there enters only a small quantity of carburetted air and a large
quantity of atmospheric air; on the contrary in the case of Fig. 12, there
enters but a very small volume of atmospheric air in comparison with the
quantity of carburetted air, and when the plug occupies the position shown in
Fig. 13, all admission of atmospheric air is interrupted and only carburetted air
enters.
Thus the quality of the explosive mixture may be regulated, by operating on
the plug l.
The volume of explosive mixture introduced is regulated by a cock in composed
of a hollow cylinder provided with two openings: the one m² corresponding to the
entrance for the gases, the other m² to the opening n of the shell of the cock.
This cock m is capable of receiving two movements :-
1. A movement of rotation on itself, controlled by a knob or bandle o which is
provided with two pins of traversing the bottom of the cylinder, this movement
having for effect to vary the length of the orifice for the passage of the gases.
2. A movement of translation controlled by the governor which acts on the
rod m³ fixed to the bottom of the cylinder m and which has for effect to cause the
width of the orifice for the passage of the gases to vary..
In these conditions, the volume of the explosive mixture introduced may be
regulated, either by hand by turning more or less the knob or handle o, or
automatically by the governor which pushes back more or less the cylinder m.
The normal speed is thus regulated by hand by operating the cock
qualitative regulation and the knob or handle o for quantitative regulation.
for
As soon as the speed of the engine increases, the governor acts on the spindle m³,
the cylinder m is pushed back, the opening n of the shell is thus reduced in width
and allows a smaller quantity of explosive mixture to pass.
The speed governor is arranged on the fly wheel p and is constructed in the
following manner.
The hub of the fly wheel is for this purpose provided with a movable collar q,
having two small inclined grooves q' diametrically opposite to each other in which
engage two pins r fixed on the hub, so that if the collar g turns around the hub, it
receives at the same time a traverse motion.
On the collar q is arranged a groove q' which receives a pin s fixed at the
extremity of the elbow lever t, which acts on the spindle m³ of the regulating
cock.

page_text: The collar q is also provided with two arms u. u¹ to which are attached the ends
of two coiled springs v. v fixed to any point of the fly wheel and tending
constantly to cause the collar to revolve in the direction of the arrow shown in
the drawings.
Each arm has a notch in which engages the end of an elbow lever w. w³ movable
around an axis x. x fixed on one of the arms of the fly wheel; each of the two
elbow levers carries at its free end a governing ball y. y.
In these conditions, when, under the action of centrifugal force, the two balls y. y¹
fly away from each other, the elbow levers w. w pull the collar 9 which thus
receives a helicoidal movement, consequent on the arrangement of the inclined
grooves q and of the fixed pins and the elbow levert turns around its axis whilst
acting on the spindle m³ of the regulating cock.
The principal advantages of my improved engine are the following:-
Consequent on the arrangement of the single headed double connecting rod, the
wear is considerably diminished, for the effort is spread over a large surface;
moreover this arrangement, offers a great simplicity of construction.
The different means of distribution, being grouped in a single easily removable
box, may be readily examined, and repairs, when there is any occasion, may be
effected without any difficulty.
The two burners being always heated by the same source of heat will both be
always at the same temperature, and consequently, the explosions will always be
regular in the two cylinders; in addition to which, this arrangement requires only
a single source of heat whence arises economy of gas or liquid fuel together with
facility of superintendence.
The arrangement of cocks permitting a double regulation namely qualitative and
quantitative, to be obtained assures a good working of the engine.
The qualitative regulation being made, the feeding of the engine is effected
according to its own requirements; an explosive mixture always of an equal
composition enters the explosion chambers but in larger or smaller quantity; from
this results a variable compression, so that the force of the engine may be thus
regulated between sufficiently wide limits by augmenting or diminishing at will the
explosive force of the explosive mixture, contrary to the method of regulation of
ordinary engines in which the speed is varied by suppressing the explosions, which
has the inconvenience of causing ineffective strokes when the speed increases which
gives rise to a great irregularity of working. The lighting may be produced by
any appropriate arrangement notably by an electric spark.
It is well understood that my improved engine may be made in all sizes and
I reserve the right to modify the shape and accessory arrangements according to
the different applications.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. An explosion engine having two cylinders connected together, the pistons of
which are coupled and connected together by a double connecting rod with a single
bead on the crank pin of the driving shaft, the distribution organs of which are
arranged and combined in such a way as to constitute a removable box applied to
the rear part of the cylinders, the lighting tubes of which are sufficiently near to
each other to be rendered incandescent by the same source of heat, substantially as
herein shown and described.
2. In the system of engine claimed above, the combination and special arrange-
ment of cocks permitting a qualitative and quantitative regulation to be obtained,
substantially as herein shown and described.
3. The special arrangement of quantitative regulation cock, capable of receiving
by hand a movement of rotation, or a lateral movement controlled by the governor
substantially as herein shown and described.
4. The special arrangement of governor characterized by the helicoidal movement

page_text: which the collar 9 receives when the speed increases which helicoidal movement has
the effect of communicating a movement of rotation around its axis of the elbow
levert which acts on the quantitative regulation cock, substantially as herein shown
and described and for the purpose stated.
5. The improved explosion engine substantially as herein shown and described.
Ontohan 20th 1806
HARRIS & MILLS,
23 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents.