CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FUR- NACES OR FLUES OF STEAM BOILERS, COPPERS, AND OTHER LIKE VESSELS FOR HEATING OR EVAPORATING LIQUIDS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Benjamin Price, of Fieldgate Street, White-
chapel, in the County of Middlesex, Furnace Builder, for the
Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FUR-
NACES OR FLUES OF STEAM BOILERS, COPPERS, AND OTHER LIKE VESSELS
FOR HEATING OR EVAPORATING LIQUIDS."
Sealed the 9th August 1853, and dated the 25th February 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Benjamin Price at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 25th February 1853.
I, BENJAMIN PRICE, of Fieldgate Street, Whitechapel, in the County
of Middlesex, Furnace Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FUR-
NACES OR FLUES OF STEAM BOILERS, COPPERS, AND OTHER LIKE VESSELS FOR
HEATING OR EVAPORATING LIQUIDS," to be as follows, that is to say:
Immediately after the gases and other products of combustion have
left the furnace, I cause the same to enter a chamber or receptacle
where the gases are diffused and caused to circulate about the chamber

page_text: and in such manner as to be in a great measure consumed by coming
in contact with the sides of the chamber, which is more or less heated
by the action of the fire. After the gases have left the chamber
referred to, they pass through a flue and into a second chamber similarly.
constructed, and, if necessary, into a third and fourth chamber, and
finally through the ordinary side flues. The construction and mode of
arranging such chambers will be more particularly described in the
complete Specification of the Invention for which Letters Patent are
solicited.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Benjamin Price, in the Great Seal Patent Office,
on the 22d August 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
BENJAMIN PRICE, of Fieldgate Street, Whitechapel, in the County of
Middlesex, Furnace Builder, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Benjamin Price, Her special licence
that I, the said Benjamin Price, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Benjamin Price, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES OF FLUES OR STEAM BOILERS, COPPERS,
AND OTHER LIKE VESSELS, FOR HEATING OR EVAPORATING LIQUIDS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Benjamin Price, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed

page_text: in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Benjamin Price, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof (that is to say):
My Invention of certain improvements in the construction of furnaces
or flues of steam-boilers, coppers, and other like vessels for heating or
evaporating liquids, has for its object a mode of obtaining a more
perfect combination of the gases, and other products of combustion,
during their passage through the flues.
The manner in which I effect this object is by constructing, at one
or both ends of the boiler, or in some portion of the flues thereof, one
or more chambers or receptacles, where the flame and gases unite,
expand, and circulate in such manner as to produce more perfect com-
bustion, whereby greater evaporative power is obtained, with a reduction
in the volume of black smoke usually emitted from the chimney.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1, represents a longitudinal sectional elevation of the mode
of constructing the flues and chambers of a Cornish boiler according to
my Invention. Figure 3, is a plan of the brickwork, as prepared to
receive the boiler; Figure 2, a sectional plan, shewing the boiler in its
place; and Figures 4, and 5, transverse sections, taken through the
lines a, a, b, b, and c, c, of Figures 1, 2, and 3. At the opposite end
of the boiler from the fire I construct the first chamber d, which may
be entirely of fire-brick, or fire-brick with a cast-iron dome or cover, c.
On referring to Figure 5, which represents a transverse section of the
chamber, taken at the extreme end of the boiler, (and through the line
c, c, of Figures 1, to 3,) it will be seen that the brickwork at the part
d, is "taken up," so as to follow the contour of the boiler.. And on
referring to Figure 2, it will be seen that the end of the chamber
marked d, communicates with one of the side flues. The flame, and
other products of combustion, after leaving the boiler, circulate about
the chamber d, and pass from thence along the side flue, as indicated

page_text: by the arrows, and through the descending fluc f, into the fluc g, g
In this fluc, also, I construct a chamber h, h, which is covered with
cast-iron plates i, i, or other suitable material; and upon the plates i, i
there is a course of brickwork, or fire-tiles, k, k, forming the bottom of
the side flue, as well as a covering for the chamber h. See Figures
3, and 6, which latter is a transverse section through the centre of the
chamber h. The products of combustion, on entering this chamber,
are further mixed and circulated by the increased amount of expansion,
after which they continue the course of the flue g, through the "up-
take", and along the side flue m, into the chimney; which, in this
case, is in front of the boiler. n, see Figure 3, is an aperture for enter-
ing the flue g, when required. In cases where the chimney is behind
the boiler, I still employ the chambers d, and h; but instead of the
gases and other products of combustion returning by one side fluc, as
shown at Figure 1, they return along both side flues, through a
descending flue on each side of the boiler, as is now the practice, and
along the flue g, which is made to pass under the chamber d, the
bottom of the chamber d, being formed of a. cast-iron plate, covered
with a course of fire-brick, as described with regard to the chamber h.
Figures 7, 8, and 9, show my Invention as applied to a common copper,
still, or evaporating pan. a, is the fire-place, on each side of which
there is a flue b, b, shewn in section at Figure 9. The flame and
smoke, after passing through the flues b, b, into the circulating chamber
c, escape through an aperture d, made in the crown of the chamber c,
and along the circular flue e, e, into the chimney f, as indicated by the
arrows. Figure 10, represents a longitudinal sectional elevation, and
Figure 11, a transverse section of the brickwork, with my improve-
ments applied to a boiler known as the French boiler, which consists
of a cylindrical boiler A, with two horizontal tubes B, B, attached
thereto by vertical tubes C, C, as is well understood. In the setting
of this boiler I have shewn the mode of constructing or applying
three circulating chambers, as shewn at D, E, and F. The
chambers D, and F, are of a circular form, constructed in every
respect similar to the chamber g, as described with regard to
Figure 1, and so also with regard to the chamber E, which is

page_text: constructed as shewn and already described with regard to the
chamber d, Figure 1, of the drawings hereunto annexed. The flame
and other products from the fire first enter the chamber D, which is
immediately behind the bridge, from thence through the more con-
tracted part of the flue d, to the chamber E; from whence they pass
through the flue f, that is, between the underside of the boiler A, and
upper side of the tubes B, B, into the chamber F, and from thence
through the contracted part of the flue f, f', when they.,divide, and
then pass along the side flues g, g, uniting again at the farther end
of the boiler, and from that point through the flue h, to the chimney.
Note. With regard to the transverse section, Figure 11, I ought to
remark, that the upper part of such section is taken through the
chamber F, and flucs g, g, and the lower part through the fire-place.
Figures 12, 13, and 14, represent three sections of the brickwork of a
cylindrical boiler, shewing my Invention as being applied "thereto,
which will require no further description than that there are two
chambers, the first being just behind the bridge, and the second at the
end of the boiler. The latter communicates with the side fluc, which
passes round the boiler, as clearly shewn at F, F, F, in the sectional
plan, Figure 14.
With regard to marine boilers, I have not considered it necessary
to give any illustrations of the application of my said Invention thereto,
inasmuch as the position of the circulating chambers will require to be
varied according to circumstances. The mode of applying such chanibers
will be readily understood, however, by those acquainted with their
construction, and the mode of applying such chambers to stationary
boilers as herein-before described.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I would have it understood that
I do not confine myself either to the position or sizes of the chambers
hercin-before described, and which are represented to scale in the
several drawings, or to the precise details herein-before described
with regard to the direction of the flues round or underneath the
boiler, which may be varied according to circumstances, without
departing from the nature of my said Invention, which has for its

page_text: object the construction, formation, and application of one or more
capacious chambers in the flues of stationary and marine boilers, and
in which the flame, gases, and other products of combustion are allowed
to expand and circulate in the manner herein-before described, and for
which I claim as of my Invention the construction of flues of stationary
and marine boilers, with one or more chambers, as herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Benjamin Price, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of August in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
BENJAMIN PRICE. (L.S.)