IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE COATING OB COVERING OF WOOD OR OTHER SURFACES AND PAINT OR COMPOSITION THEREFOR to be as follows:
Year: 1884

page_text: I HENRY HARRIS LAKE of the firm of Haseltine Lake & Co Patent Agents
Southampton Buildings in the County of Middlesex do hereby declare the nature
of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE COATING OB
COVERING OF WOOD OR OTHER SURFACES AND PAINT OR COMPOSITION THEREFOR
to be as follows:-
"
My invention relates, first, to a paint or composition, the body of which is largely
made up of, or contains, a suitable quantity of, sublimated zinc powder, or the zine
dust or powder which is one of the products of distillation of zinc ore, and which
has heretofore been so little used in the arts that many efforts have been made to
prevent its formation in the reduction of the ore.
This sublimated zinc powder is an almost, if not a quite, pure metallic zino,
and being very fine it is especially adapted for the purposes of my invention.
This sublimated zinc powder may be used with any of the well known vehicles ;
may be colored with any of the ordinary pigments, and may be mixed or used with
other paint bodies. The proportion which it bears to the entire paint composition
is varied according to the use to which it is to be put, and according to the pigment
with which it is colored.
Another feature of my invention consists in making a plastic composition, con-
taining this sublimated zinc powder for covering or metallizing the surface of wood,
metal, paper, paste-board, stone, brick, pottery, textile fabrics, and other materials
with a layer, lacquer or coating of metallic zinc, which composition is in every
material respect like paint, with the exception that a larger proportion of the
sublimated zinc powder is used. By using this composition the surface to which it
is applied is mechanically plated with metallic zinc. Such surface, if desired, can
be polished or burnished to give it the lustre of zinc plate or rolled zinc, and when
thus finished it will possess all the qualities of zinc metal and will firmly adhere
to the surface to which it is applied throughout its extent, and make a tenacious
and more or less flexible coating or covering.

page_text: In practising my invention I use what I term zinc dust or sublimated zinc
powder, which is a zinc powder or dust of great fineness, formed in the process
of reducing zinc ore, and deposited in the various tubes or passages of the
condenser.
This sublimated zinc powder has been heretofore of practically little value, 5
almost entirely unknown in the arts, and has had little or no position in commerce.
It has been utilized at zinc works by being thrown back into the retorts of the
furnace with the ore. It is an entirely different product from zinc white or oxide
of zinc.
I take this sublimated zinc powder and mix or grind it in linseed, fish or mineral 1
oil, in varnish, in a mixture of soap-water and glue, or in any other suitable
vehicle, using a sufficient quantity of the vehicle to give the composition a degree
of plasticity sufficient to enable it to be applied by a brush, by rolls, by dipping, or
in any other suitable mechanical manner. The vehicle by drying or setting, firmly
unites the particles of dust to each other and to the surface of the article to which 1
the composition is applied. The composition when spread upon, or applied to, the
surface of any material provides it with a coating of fine particles of metal held
together-by-its-vehicle.-
As is obvious from-what-I-have already stated, I do not confine-myself_to_any_
special vehicle, but use that one which may be best for the particular-use-for-which-2
the paint or metal surfacing is to be employed. Neither do I confine myself to the
quantity of the zinc powder used with a certain quantity of the vehicle, but I may
vary the former as circumstances may require.
If it is desired to obtain-a-very-smooth finish and a high. lustre, it is necessary
to sift or bolt the zine dust and use only the finest.
A vory brilliant finish. or lustre may be provided by rubbing with pumice-stone,
-india-rubber-or_other_material, the surface of the article covered with the com-
position. It will of course be desirable for some purposes-to-polish_the_surface
thus covered, and also to varnish it to preserve the lustre.
Where the coating or surfacing is to be subjected to the influence of water or the
weather, the vehicle should be of a water-proof nature, and linseed oil, or some
equivalent oil, be used as the vehicle. When the surfacing is not to be subjected to
moisture, a mixture of soap-water and glue can be used as a vehicle, a sufficient
quantity of glue being added to the soap-water to give sufficient adhesiveness -to
the mixture, and the surfacing thus prepared and applied can be protected from:
moisture by being afterwards varnished. The mixture can also be colored so that
instead of a plain zinc metal finish, a colored metal finish will be provided, and
I have found for the purpose of coloring the composition, that auiline colors are
the best, both because of their brilliancy, and because of their permeating quality,
which enables a very little to color a large mass.
An
While not intending to confine myself to the various formulæ hereinafter given,
as they are furnished simply to illustrate what I have above stated, I would say
that to make a drab paint for painting ships, I prefer to use one part of whiting,
eight parts of sublimated zinc powder, or zinc dust, and four parts of red lead.
The whiting, zinc powder and red lead are intimately mixed, ground together and
incorporated with suitable oil, turpentine and dryer in the ordinary manner.
olive green is made by using four parts of whiting, eight parts of sublimated zinc
powder or zinc dust, and four parts of yellow ochre. These are intimately mixed
by grinding, and incorporated with a proper vehicle in the ordinary manner.
brown color suitable for iron work is produced by using four parts of whiting,
eight parts of sublimated zinc powder or zinc dust, and four parts of red and black
pigments, and the process of making this color is like that of the others.
A
This sublimated zinc powder or zinc dust may be used as a substitute for white
lead or zinc white, or zinc in any other form, as now used, or it may be used in
combination with either of these bases.
It will be observed that the above mentioned solid ingredients for paint, such as
white lead, whiting, ochre, and others are all substances which unite similarly with
.

page_text: the vehicle, and are as paint bodies the substantial equivalents of each other, except
as they affect the color of the paint, and they as well as similar ingredients employed
by paint manufacturers may be used indifferently as auxiliary bodies to the sub-
limated zinc powder or zinc dust, the use of the pigments among them or other
constituents of paint being governed by the color desired.
I do not confine myself to the proportions herein indicated, neither do I confine
myself to the proportions of sublimated zinc powder or dust used in making the
paint or coating, but I will state that as a general rule for paint from one-sixth
to two-thirds of the base of the paint may be of this sublimated zinc powder or
dust; and that for a metallic coating from one-fourth upwards of the base of the
composition may be of this sublimated zinc powder or dust.
Among the uses to which this invention may be put, aside from its use as a paint,
are the decoration and interior finish of houses, including panel work, dados, flooring,
and frames, the protection of metal or wood-work from the influence of water or
moisture, the protection and ornamentation of stone and brick surfaces, and 'tho
fire-proofing of any material. It can be applied with equal ense to wood, metal,
stone, paste-board, paper, brick or stone surfaces, textile fabrics, pottery, and other
substances and has, when applied and set, tenacious, coherent and flexible
qualities.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. .
I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake, and Co, Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE COATING OR
-COVERING_OF_WOOD OR OTHER SURFACES, AND PAINT OR COMPOSITION THEREFor,"
-and-in-what-manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly-described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
"
2
My invention relates, first, to a paint or composition the body of which is largely
made up of, or contains, a suitable quantity of sublimated zinc powder, or the zinc
dust or powder, which is one of the products of distillation of zinc ore, and
which has heretofore been so little used in the-arts-that-many-efforts have been:
made to prevent its-formation-in-the-reduction of the ore.
This sublimated zinc powder is an almost, if not a quite, pure metallic zinc, and
being very fine it is especially-adapted-for-the purposes of my invention.
This sublimated zinc powder may be used with any of the well known vehicles;
may be colored with any of the ordinary pigments, and may be mixed or used with
other paint bodies. The proportion which it bears to the entire paint composition
is varied according to the use to which it is to be put, and according to the pigment
with which it is colored.
Another feature of my invention consists in making a plastic composition con-
taining this sublimated zinc powder for covering or metallizing the surface of wood,
metal, paper, paste-board, stone, brick, pottery, textile fabrics, and other materials
with a layer, lacquer or coating of metallic zinc, which composition is in every
material respect like paint, with the exception that a larger proportion of the
sublimated zinc powder is used. By using this composition the surface to which
it is applied is mechanically plated with metallic zinc. Such surface, if desired,
can be polished or burnished to give it the lustre of zinc plate or rolled zinc, and
when thus finished it will possess all the qualities of zinc metal and will firmly
adhere to the surface to which it is applied throughout its extent, and make a
tenacious and more or less flexible coating or covering.
In practising my invention I use what I term zinc dust or sublimated zinc
powder, which is a zinc powder or dust of great fineness, formed in the process
of reducing zinc ore, and deposited in the various tubes or passages of the
condenser.
This sublimated zinc powdor has been heretofore of practically little value,
almost entirely unknown in the arts, and has had little or no position in commerce.
It has been utilized at zinc works by being thrown back into the retorts of the
furnace with the ore. It is an entirely different product from zinc white or oxide
of zinc
I take this sublimated zinc powder and mix or grind it in linseed, fish or mineral
oil, in varnish, in a mixture of soap-water and glue, or in any other suitable
vehicle, using a sufficient quantity of the vehicle to give the composition a degree
of plasticity sufficient to enable it to be applied by a brush, by rolls, by dipping,
or in any other suitable mechanical manner. The vehicle by drying or setting,

page_text: firmly unites the particles of dust to each other and to the surface of the article to
which the composition is applied. The composition when spread upon or applied
to the surface of any material provides it with a coating of fine particles of metal
held together by its vehiclo.
As is obvious from what I have already stated, I do not confine myself to any
special vehicle, but use that one which may be best for the particular use for which
the paint or metal surfacing is to be employed. Neither do I confine myself to
the quantity of the zinc powder used with a certain quantity of the vehicle, but
I may vary the former as circumstances may require.
If it is desired to obtain a very smooth finish and a high lustre, it is necessary to
sift or bolt tho zine dust and use only the finest..
A very brilliant finish or lustre may be provided by rubbing with pumice-stone,
india-rubber or other material, the surface of the article covered with the com-
position. It will of course be desirable for some purposes to polish the surface
thus covered, and also to varnish it to preserve the lustre.
Where the coating or surfacing is to be subjected to the influence of water or
the weather, the vehicle should be of a waterproof nature, aud linseed oil, or some
equivalent-oil, be used as the vehicle. When the surfacing is not to be subjected to
moisture, a mixture of soap-water and glue can be used as a vehicle, a sufficient
quantity of glue being added to the soap-water to give sufficient adhesiveness to
the mixture, and the surfacing thus prepared and applied can be protected from
moisture by being afterwards varnished. The mixture can also be colored so that
instead of a plain zinc metal finish, a colored metal finish will be provided, and
I have found for the purpose of coloring the composition, that aniline colors are
the best, both because of their brilliancy, and because of their permeating quality,
which enables a very little to color a large mass.
While not intending to confine myself to the various formulæ hereinafter given,
as they are furnished simply to illustrate what I have above stated, I would say
that to make a drab paint for painting ships, I prefer to use one part of whiting,
eight parts of sublimated zinc powder, or zinc dust, and four parts of red lead. The
whiting, zinc powder and red lead are intimately mixed, ground together and
incorporated with suitable oil, turpentine and dryer in the ordinary manner.
An
olive green is made by using four parts of whiting, eight parts of sublimated zinc
powder or zinc dust, and four parts of yellow ochre. These are intimately mixed
by grinding, and incorporated with a proper vehicle in the ordinary manner.
brown color suitable for iron work is produced by using four parts of whiting, eight
parts of sublimated zinc powder or zinc dust, and four parts of red and black
pigments, and the process of making this color is like that of the others.
A
This sublimated zinc powder or zinc dust may be used as a substitute for white
lead or zinc white, or zinc in any other form, as now used, or it may be used in
combination with either of these bases.
It will be observed that the above mentioned solid ingredients for paint, such as
white lead, whiting, ochre, and others are all substances which unite similarly with
the vehicle, and are as paint bodies the substantial equivalents of each other, except
as they affect the color of the paint, and they as well as similar ingredients employed
by paint manufacturers may be used indifferently as auxiliary bodies to the
sublimated zinc powder or zinc dust, the use of the pigments among them or other
constituents of paint being governed by the color desired.
I do not coufine myself to the proportions herein indicated, neither do I confine
myself to the proportions of sublimated zinc powder or dust used in making the
paint or coating, but I will state that as a general rule for paint from one sixth or
two-thirds of the base of the paint may be of this sublimated zinc powder or dust;
and that for a metallic coating from one-fourth upwards of the base of the com-
position may be of this sublimated zinc powder or dust.
Among the uses to which this invention may be put, aside from its use as a
paint, are the decoration and interior finish of houses, including panel work, dados,
flooring, and frames, the protection of metal or wood-work from the influence of

page_text: water or moisture, the protection and ornamentation of stone and brick surfaces,
and the fire-proofing of any material. It can be applied with equal case to wood,
metal, stone, paste-board, paper, brick or stone surfaces, textile, fabrics, pottery, and
other substances and has, when applied and set, tenacious, coherent and flexible
.qualities.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is
First. The surfacing of wood or other material with metallic zinc by means of
plastic composition of sublimated zinc and a suitable vehicle, substantially as
described.
Second. In coating wood or other material with metallic zinc, the use of
sublimated zinc applied to the surface-of the wood or other material, as described,
and then polished, all substantially as, and for the purposes, set forth.
Third. In applying metallic zinc to wood or other surfaces, the coating thereof
with thin plastic composition containing zinc dust of the character described, and
nolishing said con'ing, as set forth, and then varnishing the same, all substantially