Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Jan., 1887
Complete Left, 14th Sept., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 14th Oct., 1887
We ROBERT CASWELL of 114, Wellfield Road Artisan and JOHN CREFFIELD GOSLIN
of 1, St. Leonard's Terrace High Road Butcher both in Streatham in the county of
Surrey do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of our invention is to provide a simple effective and when required a
very speedy gearing for driving all kinds of velocipedes that are not driven directly
by cranks on the axles of the driving wheels which will be especially suitable for
dwarf or safety bicycles amongst others.
To carry out this object we fix on the fork or frame of the velocipede preferably
below the axle of the driving wheel on each side a sector preferably toothed or formed
with teeth in the middle of which on a stud is mounted a lever.
When the velocipede is to be driven by a rotary movement without the intervention
of a crank this lever is formed somewhat like a bell crank lever on each end of which
a toothed or other pinion gears into the aforesaid sector and the rear end preferably of
this bell crank lever is prolonged and carries the usual treadle. On the axle of the
driving wheel is loosely mounted a drum round which are passed in opposite directions
two bands or ropes or chains one of which is connected to a drum or dise fixed on
each of the pinions or one band rope or chain may be fitted in a similar manner the
ends being passed round, the drums on the pinions. The loose drum on the driving
wheel axle can rotate ibis axle in the one direction through the intervention and
action of any suitable clutch. When the treadle is depressed the loose drum on the
axle is caused by such depression and by the consequent rotation of the pinions borne
on the bell crank lever to revolve and through the clutch the driving wheel is also
caused to revolve and then when the pressure is removed from the treadle a spring
applied to the bell crank lever in any suitable manner causes the same to return to its
original position revolving the loose drum in the same manner but in an opposite
direction which does not interfere with the progression of the velocipede because of the
action of the clutch.
According to another method of fitting this apparatus we dispense with one of the
pinions aforesaid on each side and we mount on a suitable bracket secured on the fork
or frame of the velocipede on each side a drum within which or to which is applied a

page_text: coiled or other spring and the band rope or chain after passing round the loose drum
on the driving wheel axle as aforesaid is passed round and attached to this spring drum
whereby when the treadle has been depressed it will be raised again.
When however the velocipede is to be driven by cranks the end of the lever is mounted
on the aforesaid stud in the middle of the sector and on this lever is mounted in the
proper position a quadrant or somewhat similar figure gearing into the sector the radii
whereof are prolonged beyond the point of mounting aforesaid and to the apex of this
figure is jointed the connecting rod of the crank. This lever is similarly prolonged to
carry the treadle and a spring is preferably fitted thereon to bear against the leading
side of the connecting rod. In this manner also when the treadle is depressed the
driving wheel axle is caused to revolve by such depression and by the consequent
partial rotation of the quadrantal figure.

page_text: We ROBERT CASWELL of 114 Wellfield Road Artisan and JOHN CREFFIELD GOSLIN
of 1, St. Leonard's Terrace High Road Butcher both in Streatham in the county of
Surrey do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
The object of our invention is to provide a simple effective and when required a very
powerful or a very speedy gearing for driving all kinds of velocipedes that are not
driven directly by the riders feet on the cranks of the axles of the driving
wheels which gearing will be especially suitable for dwarf or safety bicycles amongst
others.
In the accompanying drawing we have shewn two methods of applying this our
invention to a dwarf or safety bicycle.
The fork A of the bicycle is prolonged downwards on each side below the bearings
of the axle of the driving wheel and on this prolongation B and at or near the end
thereof is secured a sector or quadrant C preferably toothed or formned with teeth as
shewn in the drawing and in the apex or centre of this quadrant Cis a stud d whereon
the lever D is mounted which lever D is preferably of a bell crank shape and on the
longer arm thereof is mounted any usual treadle.
In Figure 1 the bicycle is to be driven by cranks on the axle of the driving wheel
in which case on the shorter arm of the lever D is mounted in the proper position on
a stud e another sector or quadrant E also preferably toothed or formed with teeth
which quadrant E gears into the aforesaid quadrant C and the radii or sides of the
quadrant E are prolonged beyond the point of mounting on the stud e and to the apex
of this somewhat quadrantal figure E so prolonged is jointed the connecting rod F of
the crank G.
In this case therefore when and as the lever D is moved or the treadle is depressed
the fixed quadrant causes the quadrant E to oscillate on the stud e and through the
connecting rod F and crank G the axle of the driving wheel is caused to revolve and
as the treadles are depressed alternately on each side the bicycle is made to
progress.
In Figure 2 the bicycle is to be driven by a rotary movement without the intervention
of cranks in which case on the shorter arm of the lever D is mounted in the proper
position on a stud h the pinion H also preferably toothed or formed with teeth which
pinion El gears into the aforesaid quadrant C. On a suitable stud k secured on the
fork A preferably above the driving wheel axle is loosely mounted a drum K within
which is or to which is applied in any usual manner a coiled or other spring in such
wise that this spring can revolve this drum K in one direction only as is hereinafter
described and on the axle of the driving wheel is also loosely mounted another
drum L which drum L can revolve the driving wheel axle in one direction only by the
intervention and action of any usual and suitable clutch. One end of a band rope or

page_text: chain M is attached to the pinion H or to a drum or disc fixed thereon and the other
end thereof is attached to the spring drum K. According to one method as shewn in
the drawing this band rope or chain M passes direct from the pinion H to the spring
drum K in which case this drum K gears into the clutch drum L preferably by and
through teeth as shewn.
In this case therefore when and as the lever D is moved or the treadle is depressed
the fixed quadrant C causes the pinion H to rotate on the stud hand through the band
rope or chain M. and the drum K the drum L is revolved wherewith through the action
of the clutch the action of the driving wheel is also revolved and the bicycle is made
to progress and then when the pressure is removed from the treadle the spring causes
the drum K to revolve in the reverse direction raising the treadle into position ready to
be again depressed and revolving the drum L also in a reverse direction which does
not interfere with the progression of the bicycle because of the action of the clutch. In
this case the treadles can either be depressed alternately on each side or simultaneously
as may be desired.
According to another method instead of gearing the two drums K. and L together
as hereinbefore described these drums may be entirely separate from each other and
the band rope or chain M from the pinion H first passes round the clutch drum L and
is then attached to the spring drum K. the action of this arrangement obviously being
similar to that hereinbefore described.
The proportions of the several quadrants pinions and drums obviously would be varied
with the requirements in each particular case that is to say according as power or
speed is required and what amount of either.
In the same manner this our invention would be applied to other types of velocipedes
the several parts being mounted in the required positions on the forks or frames thereof
and no further description is or can be needed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is
1. In a velocipede that is driven by cranks the combination with the connecting
rod of the crank G on the driving wheel axle of the fixed quadrant C and the lever
D carrying the oscillating quadrant E substantially as hereinbefore described.
2. In a velocipede that is driven by a rotary movement the combination with the
clutch drum L on the driving wheel axle of the fixed quadrant C the lever D carrying
the rotating pinion H and the spring drum K connected therewith by the rope band
or chain M substantially as hereinbefore described.
Dated this 14th day of Santambar 1887