Improvements in and relating to Type-writers
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Sept., 1891-Accepted, 9th Apr.,
1892
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Type-writers,
I. GEORGE CANFIELD BLICKENSDERFER, a citizen of the United States of
America, residing at No. 533. Broadway, in the City, County and State of New
York, one of the United States of America, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to type-writers, and particularly to that class or type of
such machines as have an axially moving type-wheel which is propelled against the
platen to impress the type, and consists in certain improvements in the construction
and operation thereof, as will be hereinafter fully set forth and pointed out in the
following claims.
Reference is had to the accompanying drawings wherein
Figure 1 is a plan view of a type-writing machine embodying my invention;
Figure 2 is a sectional elevation, showing paper carriage roller and underscoring,
cancelling or like devices taken on the line 22 in Figure 3;
Figure 3 is a sectional plan of the same, said parts in both said figures being
drawn to an enlarged scale;
Figure 4 is a diagrammatic side elevation, showing key-lever, eccentric ratchet-
wheel for the type-wheel, stop-pawls for said ratchet-wheel and tumbler actuating
mechanism between the key-lever, rack and actuating bar or bail for one of said
pawls, said parts being shown in their normal position;
Figure 5 is a like view showing said parts in the position assumed by them when
the type-wheel is making an impression;
Figure 6 is a side elevation of key-levers and actuating mechanism for variously
raising the type-wheel on its shaft to bring different fields or rows of letters or
characters into action.;
Figure 7 is an elevation, partly sectional, on the line 7, in Figure 1, of the
machine;
Figure 8 is a like view on the line 8 in Figure 1,-and-shows- the feeding mechanism
for the paper carriage in elevation ;
Figure 9 is an elevation partly in section of the feeding mechanism for said
carriage; under control of the spacer bar for spacing between words;
Figure 10 is a plan of type-wheel and part of inking device or roller
therefor;
Figure 11 is a cross-section, partly in elevation, of the machine on the line 1-1-11,
Figure 1;
Figure 12 is a sectional side elevation of a preferred form of inking device for
the type-wheel;
Figure 18 is a perspective view of the standard for supporting said inking
device;
Figure 14 is an elevation, looking from the right of Figure 1, drawn to an
enlarged scale, of type-wheel, its shaft, concentric: and eccentric ratchet wheels
therefor, limiting pawls for the eccentric ratchet wheels, and actuating mechanism.
for said parts;
Figure 15 is a plan of said concentric ratchet wheel;
Figures 16 and 17 are like views of the eccentric ratchet wheel with pawls, type-
wheel shaft with pinion and segmental racks, showing the same in two different
positions;
Figure 18 is a perspective looking from the front left corner of Figure 1, showing
mora plainly the relative position of the segmental racks, eccentric ratchet wheel,

page_text: stop-pawls for the latter and tumblers for the actuating mechanism for the racks,
one of said pawls and for propelling the type-wheel to the roller or platen ;
Figure 19 is a vertical sectional elevation looking from the rear of Figure 1,
partly broken away, of an improved form of paper carriage;
Figure 20 is a like elevation, showing the carriage in connection with its feeding
mechanism, and the paper holding rollers in a raised position;
Figure 21 is an elevation locking from the front of Figure 1, of the paper
carriage detached from the machine and showing its parts in their normal
position; and
Figure 22 is a side elevation of part of the feeding mechanism for the paper
carriage roll detached from the carriage;
Figure 23 is a perspective view of the carriage actuating ratchet mechanism;
Figure 24, a side elevation on a larger scale than that shown in Figure 8, of the
paper carriage actuating shaft, and the pawls for actuating said shaft and part of
the actuating mechanism for said pawls;
Figure 25, a section on line 25-25, Figure 24, and on an enlarged scale, of part
of the mechanism under control of the spacer-bar for actuating the shaft that moves
the paper carriage;
Figure 26, a perspective of the pawl which is under the control of the type key-
levers to actuate the shaft that moves the paper carriage;
Figure 27, a sectional side elevation showing a modification of the tumblers, the
means for vertically shifting the type wheel, and means for supporting the inking
roller;
Figure 28 a perspective view of a locking bar for holding the shaft from vertical
movement ;
Figure 29, a partial plan partly in section of the matter shown in Figure 27;
Figure 30 a front elevation of the ruling device ;
Figure 31 a transverse elevation, partly in section through the center of the
type-wheel and part of the shaft for the same, the latter being represented as being
in a perpendicular position;
Figure 32, an elevation of the swinging locking catch, and
Figure 33 a plan of one of the tumblerr.
A, represents the frame or housing of the machine, having preferably an open
front, a, for the key-board end, b, of the key-levers, B, and at or near its rear
end, a', a transverse open way or bed, a², through which slides the paper carriage, C,
said frame or housing being suitably connected by transverse bars, a³, a³, adjacent
to its front end.
The paper carriage, C may be of any desired construction, but for purposes of
my invention I prefer the form shown, which consists of a base, c, composed of two
parallel bars, c, c', united by cross-bars or upright brackets, o, c³, and from which
depends a rack, c. The bars, c¹, c¹, are round in cross section and are preferably
supported on grooved rollers, c, c, suitably mounted in the bed or way, a, on each
side of the same, so that the carriage, C, can be moved with as little frictional
resistance as possible. If desired to prevent any tendency of the carriage, C,
raising from its roller supports, c, c, an additional roller or rollers, e, may be
mounted on one or both of the sides of the way, a³, to contact with the upper side
of one of the carriage rods or hars, c', as shown more plainly in Figure 1. The
bracket or standard, c', consists of an upright having a vertical slot, c', with open
upper end, see Figure 19. The bracket or standard, c³, consists of a lower fixed
part, c, to which is hinged an upper part, o, see Figure 19. The hinged section, c
has an outside tubular hub or projection, e, in which is mounted a sleeve, c¹¹,
having on its outside end, which projects beyond the outer end of the hub, c, a
thumb-wheel, e, and on ita inner end a collar e", which abuts against the inner side
of the bracket section, c³, so as to maintain said sleeve " loosely within the tubular
hub, c. The collar end, c", of sleeve, ell, is provided with one or more transverse
slots, c. Mounted in sleeve, e", and in the bottom of the vertical slot, c', of the
standard, c³, is the main roller, D, for the carriage, C, its journal end, d, entering

page_text: the sleeve, c, being provided with a transverse pin, d², for engagement with the
transverse alot, c, on the collar end, c, of sleeve, c", so as to connect said
collar, c, and sleeve, c", with said roller D, in order that they may turn or rotate
together, and for purposes of removing said roller from the carriage, as hereinafter
more fully described. The thumb-wheel, c", is provided, either integrally or other-
wise with a ratchet-wheel, e, which, as shown, preferably overhangs the hub, co
on section, c. Between the ratchet-wheel, cs, and the standard section, c, and
loose on hub, e, is mounted a collar, d, which is provided with a toothed or ratchet
cam, d, see Figure 22, and an arm, d', upon which is pivoted a thumb-pawl or
lever, d, the lower end, d, of which is in line with and engages the ratchet-
wheel, cs, on thumb-wheel e. The collar, &, is maintained in its normal position
by a spiral spring, d', one end of which is fastened to collar, , and the other end
to the sleeve, c", or an outer end collar, 10, fastened thereto (see Figure 19). In
the standard section, c, and in line with the thumb-wheel ratchet, c, is a retaining
pawl, c", actuated by a spring, e, or equivalent device. In line with the collar, d
adjacent to its cam ratchet, d, and mounted in the bracket, e, is a screw, d, which
engages with one of the teeth of the ratchet cam, d³, of collar, d³, and limits its
oscillating motion and in turn the rotary movement of the roller, D, to space the
lines for the paper on each roller, as hereinafter more particularly described.
Above the roller, D, is a second roller, E, which may be of any suitable or preferred
construction and arrangement, but preferably as shown, consisting of a rod, e,
having thereon at intervals along its length, a number of rubber or other elastic
collars, e, e', which hold themselves in position on rod, e, by frictional contact
preferably, and yet admit of being adjusted lengthwise of rod, e, to suit different
widths of paper inserted in the paper carriage. The free end, e, of rod, e, enters
the slot, c, of standard, c, and is adapted to engage a catch, e, pivoted at, in a
vertical slot, e, on standard, c', and provided with a spring, e, suitably supported in
standard, c, which acts to normally keep the catch ³, in engagement with the
end, e, of rod, e, to form a bearing therefor. The opposite end e', of rod, e, is
mounted at, e, in a swivel or forked connection, e, pivoted at eo, in a vertical
slot, e, in standard section, c³, and provided with downwardly acting spring, e”,
Bee Figure 19. By rotating the thumb-wheel, c, the roller, D, is correspondingly
moved to foed or move the paper as desired. By adjusting the screw, d³, the limit
of oscillation of the pawl or lever, d³, is altered as described to obtain the necessary
spacing for the lines. By mounting the end, e', of roller, E, in the swivel or hinged
connection, e, said roller can be raised at its free end, e, see Figure 20, for
convenience in inserting and removing the paper into and from the carriage. By
pivoting the catch, &, and the hinged or swivel connection, e, in vertical slots in
the standards, e, c³, respectively, any thickness of single paper, or any number of
sheets of paper can be easily and readily inserted between the rollers, D, and E,
and subjected to pressure of a uniformly increasing character so that the same will
not slip one upon the other as they are fed through the rollers. By mounting the
end, d, of roller, D, in the sleeve, c", it is adapted for easy and quick removal for
repairs or for substitution, and this feature provides for the substitution of a soft
for a hard faced roller, or vice-versa, according to the character of the work to be
type-written. Adjacent to the front and bottom of roller, D, is a curved-presser-
plate, F, (Figs. 20 and 21), pivoted at, f, and f, to the standard, c, and standard
section, respectively, and having pressure spring or springs,, for normally
maintaining the upper edge, f, of plate, F, in contact with the roller, D, or the paper
thereon. If desired the outer face of plate, F, at its edge, f, may be graduated,
as shown, at ƒª. To limit the extent of travel of the carriage, C, adjustable
collars,, may be located on one of the rods, c³, c', at one or both ends of the same,
as more plainly seen in Figure 20, which collars strike against the sides of the
frame, A, to limit the travel of the carriage. To insert the paper in the carriage, C,
the catch, e, is first withdrawn from engagement with the end, e, of roller, E, and
the latter with the roller, D, are raised as indicated by full lines in Figure 20, the
paper is then placed upon the plate, F, the roller, D, is then dropped into position,

page_text: the end of the paper brought to the top of roller, D, and the roller, E, is returned to
its normal position, the catch, e, automatically re-engaging itself with the roller, E,
to lock it in position. As the thumb-lever, d, is moved to feed the paper through
the rollers, D, and E, they both rotate to effect such feed, and as the roller, E, has
a forcible pressure on the paper it is prevented from slipping, and as the roller, E,
is made up of a number of separate elastic collara, e¹, they can be adjusted to suit
different widths of papers. Upon the top of the front side of the way a,.and
adjacent to the carriage, C, are located the underscoring, cancelling, or other like
marking devices, G, which consist of a pivoted plate, g, having a re-acting spring, g³,
suitably connected therewith for maintaining it in its normal position. The plate, g,
has two faces, 9, and g³, preferably placed obliquely to one another, as shown, and
parallel with said faces and located upon the top of plate, 9, are boxes, gª, and gº,
respectively, in which are mounted the marking wheels, g, and inking rollers, g².
These wheels, g, and rollers, g', in the different boxes may be differently arranged
according to the marking to be done; thus for instance, the wheel, g, when used
for underscoring has its shaft vertically located, as is also that of its inking roller,
as shown, at a, Figures 1 and 3, and when used for marginal scoring or for lines
running lengthwise of the paper said wheel and roller have horizontally located
shafts, as indicated at y, Figures 1 and 3. The wheels, g, have preferably serrated
or toothed peripheries to mark a dotted or broken line, but in case a full line is
desired said peripheries will be unbroken and an additional toothed wheel, 98, is
secured to the said wheel shafts for engaging with and causing a positive rotation
of the inking rollers, as shown in the drawings. By turning the plate, g, until
either of its faces. 93, 9, are parallel with the carriage roller, D, the wheels, 9°
come in contact with the paper, and then by either sliding the carriage, C, to and i
fro, or by having the thumb-wheel, e", to rotate the roller, D, and the paper, the
proper marking on the latter is effected. When the plate, g, is released, its spring, 9',
returns it to its normal position. Where different colored inks are required for
underscoring and analogous operations, more than one plate, g, with marking
wheels, g, may be used, as shown in Figure 1, wherein said devices are indicated
in their normal position; Figure 3 representing one of said devices turned in
position for use. Suitable openings, g', are provided either in the top or in one of
the sides of the boxes, 9, 9, adjacent to the inking rollers, g', for supplying them
with ink. The fastening of the boxes, 9, 9', with contained marking devices to
the single plate, g, provides a compact and economical form of underscoring 3
devices, G, which are easily and quickly placed in position for use and which are
automatically returned to their normal positions. H, represents the type-wheel,
which may be of any suitable construction, it is mounted loosely upon the upper
end of a shaft, h, resting upon a collar, , fixed on said shaft. The said shaft, h,
is mounted in a frame, h, rigidly secured to a cross-shaft, /, said shaft, h, passing 4
down through said frame, ³, and shaft, h³, and depending below the shaft, h, as
more plainly shown in Figure 14. The top of the frame, h, is provided with a
finger, which euters an annular recess, h³, in a sleeve, , on shaft, h. To
sleeve, 4º, is secured a pinion, h', an eccentric stopping ratchet, ³, and a concentric
steadying ratchet wheel '; said parts being rigidly secured to said sleeve, hº,
between top nut, *, and bottom collar, 70. The ratchet has teeth of different
length graded from an initial point and moving in different paths. It is preferably
double with each part having teeth of different length and graded from an initial
point in opposite directions. Projecting from the eccentric stopping ratchet, h³, is
a crank pin, ", which engages the type-wheel by passing through an eccentrically 5
located opening therein, as more plainly shown in Figure 14, so that while said
type-wheel is free to be raised, as hereinafter described to bring the different rows
of letters into the field of action, it rotates positively with the pinion, h', and the
stopping and steadying ratchets, 48, and A, to position the letters or characters of
said rows. I, and f, represent the segmental racks, meshing with pinion, '. 5
These racks are loosely mounted on the cross-shaft, h³, and are each provided with
a laterally extending frame, 1, ¿', which is loosely journaled on shaft, ³. J, repre-

page_text: sents the movable pawl in front of the stopping ratchet, h³, which pawl, J, is secured
to frame J', also loosely mounted upon cross-shaft, 4, in front of the frame, i, i,
and is provided with a retracting spring, J³, for normally keeping the pawl out of
engagement with the stopping ratchet, /. Located upon the cross-shaft, h³, between
the racks I, and I', and their respective frame ends, i, are a series of tumblers, K,
one for each key lever, B, in operation with said racks and which may be of any
suitable configuration, to actuate said racks, I, I', and the pawl, J, by contact with
their frames. I have shown in the drawings, see Figure 18, a preferred form of
tumbler, which has a slot, k, open at the rear edge, , and concentric with its axial
support. It has also a forwardly projecting arm, ³, and a segmental gear part, k³,
on its front edge, which mesh with consorting teeth, 6', on the end, 63, of the key-
lever, B, in connection therewith. The tumbler arms, ³, rest upon the top of said
key-levers, B, and the upper rear corner of the end, 3, of said levers, B, above
their toothed part, b¹, are made rounding, as shown at t³, for a purpose hereinafter
described.
The racks, I, and I'. each with their separate frames, i, i, are independent of
each other, as they are loosely mounted on the cross shaft, h³, on opposite sides of
the shaft, h. The upper part of the edge, k', of the tumblers, K, as will be more
plainly seen in Figures 4 and 18, are normally in contact with or abut against the
frame bars, i, while the depth of the tumbler slots, k, is varied in the different
tumblers contacting with each frame as indicated by dotted lines in Figure 18, so
that the bottoms of said slots of the different tumblers will variously come in contact
with the frame, J. for pawl. J, to move it into engagement with the tooth on the
ratchet corresponding to the key lever depressed, said movement of the pawl, J,
occurring at the end of the rotation of the type-wheel in positioning a letter. As
the racks, I, and I¹, are independent of each other a movement of one rack causes
the pinion, h, to roll upon the other rack which remains stationary, this rolling
movement of the pinion is imparted to the sleeve, h, and, hence, to the ratchets, ³, /³,
and to the type-wheel, and as this rolling motion is also a forward movement said
parts, together with the type wheel shaft and its supporting frame, 12, are propelled
towards the carriage, C, while the type wheel is rotatively moving. In other
words, the initial depression of a key-lever, B, through the medium of the tumbler
edge, k', instantly moves one of the racks, I, or I', to impart to the type-wheel a
combined axial movement and a vibratory movement towards the carriage, C, said
combination movement being due to the rolling of the pinion upon either the
rack, I, or I', as the case may be, which is not being moved. The advantages of
this construction are important and quite manifest. When the type-wheel is first
rotated and then moved laterally during the continuous downward movement of the
key, the inertia of the parts has to be overcome as follows-first, to start the wheel
moving rotatively then stop its rotation, then to start it moving laterally; but in
the construction just described the wheel is started moving both laterally and
rotatively simultaneously and at the beginning of the stroke of the key lever when
it receives an impetus from the impact of the finger upon the key and the continuous
downward movement of the key lever, which is effected by the pushing action of
the finger, is not retarded by the added work of overcoming the inertia of the
moving parts.
It should be noted that in my construction the initial movement of the type-
wheel is a dual movement, that is it moves both rotatively and laterally simul-
taneously from the start, and that the type-wheel has such dual movement from the
beginning until the type is positioned and then only a lateral movement, and that
this entire action is effected by a single mechanism and not by a dual mechanism,
hence the resistance from friction and from overcoming the inertia of the parts is
reduced to a minimum, and that the chief part of this resistance is overcome at the
beginning of the movement of the key lever when it receives the impact of the
finger. A further advantage is that the action of the machine may be more rapid
when the rotary and lateral movements are effected simultaneously.
It will also be observed that as a tumbler, K, commences to act upon a rack

page_text: frame, i,, the center of axial motion of the type-wheel and its associated and
coincidently moving parts, such as the stopping ratchet, 4, is moved away from
the pawl, J, but as the said stopping ratchet is eccentric, and has its lobe normally
on the opposite side of the shaft from the pawl, J, the teeth of the ratchet_will, as
it moves axially and also laterally, pass in close proximity to the pawl, J, which
remains stationary until moved at the proper time, and, hence, it will only require
a slight movement of the pawl, J, to engage any of the passing teeth of the
ratchet, . The movement of the pawl, J, is effected by the bottom of the slot, k,
on the tumbler, K, coming in contact with the frame, J'. The axial movement of
the type-wheel, N, is stopped when the tumbler, K, has come in contact with the
frame, J, and thus moves the pawl, J, into contact with the stopping ratchet, h³.
After this has occurred the continuous movement of the key-lever will continue
the lateral movement of the type-wheel until said wheel comes in contact with the
platen.
As the pawl, J, has to be moved through only a very short space to engage with
the eccentric ratchet teeth, such pawl does not jump or rebound from the ratchet
under rapid manipulation and thus permit the velocity of rotation of the type-
wheel and eccentric ratchet to carry the latter past the pawl and thereby defeat
the positioning of the letter required. But if the type-wheel and its accompanying
ratchets have made an extended traverse before they are stopped by the pawl, J,
the momentum they have acquired may cause the ratchet to rebound from the
pawl, J, and move backward, and then be caught by an improper tooth. To avoid
this, a second pawl, L, which is located diametrically across the ratchet from the
pawl, J, is provided. This pawl, L, is supported by a frame, I, which is loosely
journaled on the cross-shaft, *, so it may move independently of that shaft, or with
it if engaged by other parts moving with said shaft, h. A spring, !, is in engage-
ment with the frame, I, to hold the pawl, L, toward the ratchet, and a stop,, on
the frame, A, holds the pawl from premature engagement with the ratchet. In
order for the pawl, L, to engage the ratchet,, the type-wheel must move forward
until the ratchet is brought in contact with said pawl, L. The two pawls, J, and L,
normally stand in line with the lobe of the ratchet with the shaft, h, nearest the
pawl, J, and as the type wheel is moved axially and laterally, at the same time
and the pawls stand still, the lobe of the ratchet moves to one side and the shaft
approaches the pawl, L, in a straight line and both pawls are at all times in the
same close proximity to the teeth of the ratchet. As soon as the pawl, J, is
moved into contact with the ratchet ³, by the bottom of the slot, k, on the
tumbler, K, contacting with the frame, J', the ratchet is pressed simultaneously
against the pawl, L, which engages a tooth on the opposite side of the ratchet
which points oppositely to the tooth engaged by pawl, J, so that the ratchet is not
only stopped but locked, and cannot rebound from the pawls. The two pawls, J
and L, act like a pair of pincers which grasp the ratchet on opposite sides and in
contact with oppositely pointed teeth. This construction is very important as it
insures the absolute, precise and instantaneous stoppage of the type-wheel. It is
illustrated clearly in Figs. 16, 17 and 18.
As the type-wheel has a combined axial and lateral movement from the start,
it follows that the inertia of all the parts moving with the type-wheel in making
its forward movement must be overcome at the beginning of the depression of the
key-levers, and to make this action of said levers as delicate and easy as possible,
I provide the tumblers, K, with the arms, ³, the under straight sides of which
rest on the curved ends, ³, of the key-levers, thus obtaining a long leverage at
the beginning of the depression of the key-levers, which long leverage is quickly
changed to a short one as the teeth, 6', of levers, B, mesh with the teeth, of
tumblers, K. The object of this construction being to obtain an easy starting
movement without lessening the time of the stroke or lengthening the arc of
movement of the key-levers materially.
I have shown the tumblers, K, provided with the teeth, &, the arm, P, and the
lever ends provided with a curved face, 6, and the teeth, 6', thus giving a combined

page_text: cam or wiper and gear movement, but it is evident that the tumblers, K, and the
end, b', of levers, B, may be variously configured to provide for such described
leverage, and I do not, therefore, desire to be limited to the precise construction
shown. Just before the type-wheel makes the impression, one of the notches of
its concentric ratchet wheel, h³, engages with a fixed pawl, P, on the frame of
the machine, which steadies the same and holds it against any movement that
might occur through lost motion due to looseness or wear of any of said parts,
and thus perfect positioning of the impressions are secured; said pawl, , is
plainly shown in Figure 7, which illustrates the type-wheel in position at the end
of its forward movement.
The frame, , in which the shaft, h, of the type-wheel, H is swivelled, is fixed
to the thaft, 3, and when the said frame, 4, and the parts carried thereby are
vibrated by the other actuating parts, the shaft, h³, is moved on its journals..
Hence, to react said frame, 42, and the parts which are carried by it, I put on said
shaft, a spring, ", which has one end in engagement with the arın, 1, extending
from said shaft and the other end in engagement with a tension rack,, on the
frame, see Figure 11, and by changing the end of the spring, , which is in
engagement with said rack,, from notch to notch, the degree of resistance of
said spring is varied. This spring, ; when the operating keys are released,
moves the operating parts back to normal position. Any suitable form of inking
device may be used for the type-wheel. In the drawings I have shown an inking
roller, 17, mounted in a pivoted or swinging arm, P, having a stop end, 1, which
arm is supported upon a standard, 1, in a bracket, 1º, see Figures 1 and 7. This.
inking roller is vibrated solely by the vibratory motion of the type-wheel, thereby
dispensing with all mechanism for moving said vibrating roller independent of the
vibrating wheel.
If desired, the standard, P, may be provided at both ends with a pivoted inking
roller for different colored inks to be independently used, and by making the arm
or standard, P, removable from bracket, 110, the different inking rollers may be
changed for use as desired. In some cases I prefer the form of inking device
shown in Figure 12, wherein the ink roller, , is made of soft rubber or other
elastic material, and has a separate supply roller, ¹¹, so as to avoid having an
undue amount of ink on roller, 7, and thus preventing blurred impressions.
In this case the arm, l, has a bifurcated end, 21, for limiting the extent of its.
swinging motion, and the standard, P, has a cross pin, 13, for engagement with the
slotted end,, of bracket, 110, to maintain the standard, P, in position, whereas, in
Figure 7 such securement is provided for by the spring catch, 114, entering a.
groove, in the standard, 1°. The inking roller, l, is located in line with the
type-wheel adjacent to the carriage C, so that said type-wheel at or near the end
of its propelling movement will strike the roller, I, to ink the positioned letter or
character, the act of such striking will cause the roller to revolve to ink said
letter, and also cause it to fly up out of the way of the type-wheel as it makes the
impression. It will be noted, therefore, that the type-wheel alone actuates the
inking roller, 1.
The rack, c', of the carriage, C, meshes constantly with an actuating pinion, n,.
on a shaft, N, see Figures 8, 11, 20 and 23, which, as shown, runs lengthwise of the
machine to one side of the same, as more plainly indicated in Figures 1 and 8.
Upon the cross shaft, 3, adjacent to shaft, N, is a double faced pawl, n², which
is connected to shaft h³, so as to oscillate with it and yet have a lateral oscilla-
tion of its own on said shaft. This pawl, n³, has a cam face, n³, in advance of a
side flanged face, n', which is curved concentric with the axis of the pawl while
the cam face, n³, is eccentric to the axis. The pawl, n², hangs from the shaft, k³,
parallel with and at one side of the shaft, N, adjacent to a ratchet wheel, n³,
which is rigidly secured to said shaft, N. This wheel, n', as more plainly shown
in Figures 11 and 23, is indented with substantially parallel sided notches and the
ends of the teeth thus formed are slanted inwardly so that one side of the radial
notches is longer than the other. These slanting ends of the teeth are, when

page_text: opposite the pawl, n², substantially parallel with said pawl as held in its normal
position by a spring, n'. When a key-lever, B, is depressed to actuate the type-
wheel and propel it towards the carriage, C, the cross-shaft, ³, is rocked in the
direction of arrow 1, Figure 8, and correspondingly moves the pawl, n². This
causes the cam, n³, of the pawl, n³, to contact with the end of the longer side, nº,
of one of the teeth, and imparts a downward motion to the wheel, no, and turns
the shaft, N, and wheel, n, to feed the carriage the necessary space for the letter
or character to be printed, which feed is effected before the impression is made.
As soon as the cam end, n³, of the pawl passes off of said tooth, the curved
flange, n, immediately following on the pawl enters into the radial notch between
said tooth and the succeeding tooth as shown in Figure 11, and locks said wheel, nº,
shaft, N, wheel, n, and consequently the carriage, C, in position after it has been
positioned to receive the imprint of a letter, and continues to hold it while the
impression is being made. As the shaft, h³, reversely rocks upon the return of the
type-wheel, the pawl is correspondingly moved to cause its flange to disengage
itself from wheel, nº, and as the cam end, n³, of the pawl passes by the wheel, the
spring, n, which bears against the top of the pawl oscillates or throws it to one
side on shaft, h³, to its normal position which is at an angle to shaft, ³, for
successive action upon the wheel, n³, to effect further feeding of the paper
carriage.
O, represents a second ratchet wheel on shaft, N, similar in all respects to
wheel, n³, except that the wheel, O, is provided with a collar, p, against which
normally rests a second pawl, P, connected at, p¹, to a rock-shaft, p³, to rock
with said shaft, and at the same time be capable of swinging laterally, and provided
with a spring, p, which acts to move said pawl laterally onto or in the direction
of said collar. Said pawl has a lower inside edge flange, p³, and cam edge, p*,
the same as for pawl, n², except that the former are located reversely to the latter.
In front of the wheel, O, stands a spring guard, p. The pawl, P, has a link
connection, p, with an arm, p', on a cross-rock-shaft, p, near the front end of the
machine, to which is secured the spacer bar, p³, the same having a suitable
retracting spring, p. If desired, the link, p, may be provided with stop
lugs, p, p, and an abutting roller, ps, the latter of which may be of leather or
analogous material to lessen the noise of operation. A depression of the spacer-
bar, p, rocks shaft, p³, to cause its arm, p', to draw the link, p', forward and
correspondingly oscillate the pawl, P, and in so oscillating it passes to the outside
of the spring guard, p', until it passes by the same, whereupon its spring, p",
swings it laterally toward the wheel so that upon the return stroke its cam end, p,
and flange på act upon the ratchet teeth as in the case of the pawl, n³, and moves
the wheel, O, and shaft, N, with its wheel, n, to feed the carriage for spacing
between words; the flange, p³, on the pawl, P, locking said parts in position
while the impression is made, as it passes through the spaces between the teeth
on the return movement of the pawl, P.
As the pawl, n³, moves the shaft, N, and feeds the carriage, on the forward
movement, and the pawl, P, effects a like result on its return stroke, it follows
that, if a key-lever, B, and the spacer-bar p³, be depressed simultaneously, the
carriage will first be fed before the impression is made and after it is made it is
further fed to space between the character or letter so made and the next
succeeding impression, and in this way the last letter of a word, and the spacing
between such and the succeeding words can be made at one instead of by two
operations.
The operation of the foregoing described pawls is easy and delicate and
practically noiseless.
It will be noticed that the carriage rack, c, is always in engagement with its
actuating wheel, n, but as the pawl devices, n', and P, are normally out of engage-
ment with the ratchet wheels, n, and O, the carriage, C, can be freely moved in
either direction for wide spacing, underscoring, caucelling, or other purposes. It
will further be noticed that both pawls, n², and P, move the shaft, N, so that one

page_text: actuating wheel, n, successively feeds the carriage for spacing for the impressions
and for spacing between words or letters or characters, as desired.
R, and R', represent the shifting keys for the type-wheel so as to bring its
different rows of letters or characters into the field of action. These keys pass
through slots, r, in the front plate, r, of the machine, and said slots are provided
with shoulders or off-sets, r³, for holding the keys in their depressed position when
desired to do so. These keys, together with the keys, B, are mounted upon the
cross-bar, as, and their inner ends abut against an arm, , projecting from a
swinging rack,, mounted on bar, a³, which rack meshes with a pinion, ³, on a
shaft, running lengthwise of the machine and provided with a suitable retracting
spring,, for returning said shaft and the co-acting parts in connection therewith
to their normal positions. The keys, R, R¹, are also provided with retracting
springs, see Figure 6. At the rear end of shaft, is a downwardly pro-
jecting arm,, which is bifurcated at its lower end, ", and engages with a sliding
collar,, (see Figure 11), having a downwardly projecting arm, st, with roller,,
for engagement within a slot, t, in an arm, T, pivoted at its end, t, to an arm, t²,
affixed to shaft, h, and provided with a retracting spring, t, the opposite end, tª,
of arm, T, engages with the type-wheel shaft, h.
"
A depression of either of the keys, R, R¹, oscillates the rack,, to rock the
shaft, and its arm, r, which in turn slides the sleeve, s, on shaft, ³, to rock the
arm, T, to raise the shaft, h, and the type-wheel, H, to bring the desired row of
characters into action. As the sleeve, s, is loose upon shaft, 73, and as the
arm, T, is supported by said shaft, said sleeve and arm rock with shaft, h³, as it
is moved, so as to keep said sleeve and arm always in the line of the type-wheel
shaft, h.
It is obvious that the construction and arrangement of the novel features of my
invention may be variously provided for without departing from the spirit of the
same, hence I do not limit myself to the constructions and arrangements shown.
The tumblers, K, and the ends, 6, of the levers, B, are separated by or work in
the slots of the comb, V, being preferably so arranged that the teeth of said-levers
and tumblers mesh with each other in the comb so as to maintain such engagement
from end to end of the movement of the toothed parts of the levers and tumblers
without lateral motion. In other words, there are no side supports for the joint
formed by the tumblers and levers other than the comb which prevents said parts
from moving laterally and thereby destroy the alignment.
The key levers, B, are notched on their under side, and are hung upon the
shaft, a. To prevent them from binding upon these supports a comb, V, is
provided. This comb is placed over the levers and prevents dust and dirt from
accumulating at the joint, and also separates and holds the several levers in place.
This is an especially desirable result so far as the outer levers are concerned,
as it prevents them from bending over sideways or tilting. The comb is
placed directly over the shaft or bar, a³, and is secured in place in any
desired way.
In the modification shown in Figures 27 to 33, A, represents the frame or
housing for the machine, a, the paper holding platen or roller, B, the cross shaft
for supporting the type-wheel and its actuating mechanism, b, the key-levers,
b', the tumblers, C, the type wheel shaft, c, the type wheel, C', the pinion, and D,
and D', the segmental racks meshing with said pinion for rotating the type-wheel;
d, the frames of said racks, E, an arresting or stopping ratchet for the type wheel,
F, the steadying ratchet for the type-wheel after its motion has been arrested,
e, the front arresting pawl on frame, e, which is loosely hung upon cross
shaft, B, and f, the rear arresting pawl on frame, f¹, also hung loosely upon cross
shaft, B.
The tumblers, b', are loosely journaled on the cross-shaft, B, and are of any
desired configuration, having striking faces, &, and 6, in front of the cross-
shaft, B. The face, b, is normally in contact with one of the segmental rack
frames, d, and the faces, 6, of the several tumblers vary in distance from pawl

page_text: frame, e, as shown more plainly in Figures 27 and 33, so that said tumblers will be
moved unequal distances before striking said pawl frame. For example, the
tumbler shown in full elevation in Figure 27 would have to be moved a greater
distance than the tumbler shown in Figure 33, before its striking face, &, would
come in contact with the pawl frame, e, as said face, 63, on the first mentioned
tumbler is a greater distance from said frame, e¹, than the face, b³, on the second
mentioned tumbler.
The bottom edge of the tumblers, 61, for that portion of the same extending from
in front of the shaft, B, to near the outer or front end, is of the form of a cam, as
at, 6ª, and terminates in a straight edge, 6º, at the front of the tumbler which
normally rests upon the top of the key-lever, b, while the cam part, 64, is normally
out of contact with the key-lever. As soon as the key-lever is depressed it raises
the tumblers by the long leverage afforded by its extending front straight end or
face, 6, and causes the edge, &, to operate against the frame, d, to overcome the
inertia of the type-wheel and its attached parts such as the shaft, its frame or
support and all the parts carried on the same. This long leverage changes to a
shorter one in a gradual manner as soon as the cam, 4, of the tumbler comes into
contact with the key-lever.
When one of the frames, d, is acted upon by the face, 63, of one of the tumblers
its rack moves forward and revolves the pinion, C', and consequently the type-
wheel, to position a letter, at the same time that the face, , is acting upon
frame, d, the face 68, is moving forward to engage with the pawl frame, e³, to force
the pawl, e, into engagement with the proper tooth of the stopping pawl, E, to
arrest the axial but not the forward movement of the type-wheel; said forward
movement being impartially imparted by the moving rack rolling the pinion, C¹,
upon the stationary (for the time being) rack. On or about the time that the
pawl, e, strikes the tooth on the stopping ratchet the pawl, f, engages with a tooth
of said ratchet on the side opposite to that with which the pawl, e, is engaged to
prevent the type wheel rebounding by reason of the sudden arresting of its axial
movement. In other words, the pawls, e, and f, lock the type-wheel against
further axial movement but do not prevent said wheel while so locked, from being
moved ahead by the key-levers to make an impression of the positioned type upon
the platen. As the type-wheel may have more or less vibration by reason of the
wear and tear upon the several parts, a steadying pawl, f, is provided for the
ratchet, F. The space between the teeth on ratchet, F, under the positioned type
embraces the pawl, as the type-wheel moves toward the platen, and steadies the
type-wheel as the type strikes the platen, and thus prevents any blurring of the
impression made by said positioned type.
Shaft, B, has a radial opening, c¹³, registering with opening, e, in the
frame, ³, which is rigidly secured to said shaft, B. A sleeve, c³, having an
opening for the type-wheel shaft, C, is secured to said frame, c³, in such manner
as to permit of its being rotated but not to move longitudinally. The stopping
and steadying ratchets, E, and F, are secured to and revolve with said sleeve
which has a pinion, C³, that gears with the racks, D. A type-wheel shaft
having a collar, cs, is passed down through the sleeve, frame, and shaft until the
collar rests upon the top-of the sleeve, ³, and carries a type-wheel which is held
thereon by a nut c". The type-wheel is provided with an opening, c, for a pin, c",
that projects from the steadying ratchet, F, to connect said wheel with the
sleeve, e, so that when said sleeve is rotated the type-wheel will be correspondingly
rotated. The pin c", is of sufficient length to permit of the vertical adjustment of
the wheel to bring any of its type fields in an operative position without separating
from its propelling mechanism.
It will be observed from the foregoing, that the type wheel shaft is normally
free to move longitudinally in the supporting frame, ', and its down movement
is limited by the collar, c, or by a support, "K', which in the present device is
shown as the end of a lever, K, the inner arm of which projects immediately under
the lower end of the shaft, C, so that when the outer end of the lever, K, is

page_text: depressed, the inner end will raise the shaft and type-wheel longitudinally. When
the shaft is raised it is held against further longitudinal movement by a locking
device. The preferred form of locking device is shown in Figure 28, and
designated herein as a locking bar, H. It is hung loose upon the shaft, B, and
hangs down therefrom in a position preferably parallel with the shaft, C, in
which position it is held by a spring, h, that permits it to yield when the type
wheel and its shaft is laterally vibrated to impress a type. As before stated the
type wheel and its attached parts in this machine, is axially moved and laterally
vibrated at the same time until a type has been positioned when the axial
movement is stopped, but the lateral movement is continued until the type has
been impressed upon the paper on the platen. The locking device, H, is
arranged in the path of lateral movement of said shaft, which vibrates or
engages and moves said locking device with it and prevents any longitudinal
movement of the shaft. It is advantageous to have the bar normally out of
contact with the type-wheel shaft as said shaft can then be removed without
having to disconnect any parts below or in fact any parts of the machine, as I
prefer to have the shaft normally free or without positive engagement with any of
the parts of the machine. Ordinarily the position of the shaft or type wheel will
be determined by a projection, on one of the parts attached to and vibrating with
the type wheel, engaging with the locking device. In the present instance the
projection is shown as a collar, g, which engages with the recesses in the locking
bar and prevents any longitudinal movement of the type wheel or its shaft.
Stop, ', may also be used, and when a type wheel having two or more fields or
rows of type is used, the stop is formed upon the end of the lever, K, as aforesaid
In such a device it is not necessary that the end of the shaft be in actual contact
with the stop, but a slight contact is preferred as the top of the stop then, forms a
sort of a guide for the shaft in its movement toward the locking bar. This
guiding is particularly advantageous when the type wheel shaft is shifted to bring.
another field of type in position to be impressed, and especially so when collars or
recesses or collar and recess are used. In the present instance the collar, g, is on
the shaft, C, and recess, h, on the bar, H, so that when the type wheel shaft is
vibrated the collar, g, enters one or the other of the recesses, h. As at present
arranged the normal position of collar, g, is opposite the lowest recess, h. "When
the type wheel is raised to bring the second row of type in position the collar, g,
will be opposite the middle recess, h, and when raised to bring the next row
in position the collar, g, will be opposite the top recess, h. When the locking
bar is held in place by a spring, the part, K, also serves as a stop to prevent
said bar from interfering with the longitudinal movement of the type wheel
shaft.
The lever, K, is pivoted at, k, and its forward end, ³, is under the control
of special key-levers,,, having different travel, so that by depressing either
of them, the lever, K, is actuated to raise the type wheel shaft and the type
wheel more or less to bring the different fields or rows of type into position.
for use.
Suitably located relatively to the type wheel, c, and mounted upon or forming
part of the frame of the machine, is a standard, L, having a sleeve, L',.adjustabler
thereon by means of a set screw, l. In said sleeve is loosely mounted an arm, 1,
which as shown is a right angle arm and carries at its end, P, a roller or inking..
pad,, of any desired or suitable construction. This inking pad or roller, 13, is
located in the path of the striking or printing movement of the type-wheel at a point.
or position adjacent to the platen or roller, so that a letter or character duly
positioned on the type wheel and about to make an impression, previously strikes
the inking roller, to receive its supply of ink, and in the act of striking such
roller, knocks or moves it out of the way above the type-wheel, as indicated by
dotted lines, z, Figure 27. The extent of the upward movement of the inking
arm when vibrated by the type wheel is controlled by a spring, lª, which also aids
in returning the inker into the path of movement of the type-wheel.

page_text: m, m³, represent the ruling devices for ruling, cancelling, underscoring, or
analogous purposes, enclosed in boxes or casings, m³, sliding in ways, m³, on the
frame of the machine in front of the roller or platen, a, and having reacting
springs, m², for normally withdrawing said devices from the platen or roller after
having been manually moved to and brought into action.
Any suitable construction of ways or guides, m³, may be provided for the boxes
or casings, m², and the cancelling or underscoring wheels or devices, m, m³, may be
provided for and be horizontally or vertically located in their boxes or casings, m',
as shown.
The type-wheel, c, is made of hard rubber blown or cast in a mould so as to have
its periphery, top and bottom sides, c, c, and axial hub, e', integral. Preparatory
to casting or blowing the wheel, a suitable metallic or other bushing, co, having a
knurled or roughened exterior surface, or periphery, c', is inserted in the mould, so
that when the wheel is blown or cast, the axial hub, e', is caused to engage and
solidly fasten said bushing to said hub. The top and bottom sides, cc, as the
wheel comes from the mould must be solid, and then are perforated as desired, as
shown at 1, to decrease the weight of the wheel without impairing its strength or
durability. As the construction and arrangement of the novel features of my
invention may be variously modified without departing from the spirit of
the same, I do not limit myself to the exact device described and shown in the
drawings.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a paper carriage and a series
of type key levers, of a shaft in operative connection with said carriage and having
a ratchet, and a rock shaft under control of said key levers and carrying a type-
wheel and a pawl for said ratchet; whereby the type-wheel and paper carriage are
moved simultaneously.
2. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a paper carriage and a series
of type key-levers, of a shaft in operative connection with said carriage and
having a ratchet, and a rock shaft under control of said key-levers and carrying
a type wheel and a moving and locking pawl for said ratchet; whereby the type
wheel is moved toward a platen, and at the same time the carriage is moved
one step and then locked until after the type wheel has moved against the
platen.
3. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a paper carriage, a shaft free
to rotate and in operative communication with said carriage, and a series of type
key-levers; of a ratchet on said shaft, and a rock shaft carrying a type-wheel and
a pawl normally free from said ratchet and engaging therewith when the type wheel
is moved toward a platen.
4. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a spacer bar, a series of
type key-levers and a paper carriage; of a shaft normally free to rotate in
either direction and having operative connection with said carriage, a ratchet
and pawl mechanism under the control of the type key-levers, and a second
ratchet and pawl mechanism under the control of the spacer bar for actuating said
shaft to feed the carriage, said pawls being normally disengaged from said
ratchets.
5. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a series of type key-levers,
a spacer bar and a paper carriage; of a shaft free to rotate and having operative
connection with said carriage, a rocker shaft carrying a type wheel and under the
control of the type key-lever, a ratchet mechanism connecting said carriage operating
shaft and the rock shaft, and a second ratchet mechanism under the control of the
spacer-bar.
6. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a series of type key levers,
a spacer bar and a paper carriage; of a shaft normally free to rotate in either

page_text: direction and in operative connection with said carriage, a ratchet and pawl
mechanism under the control of the type key levers and a second ratchet and pawl
under the control of the spacer bar, said pawls being normally disengaged from said
ratchets, and said ratchet mechanism operating successively in the order mentioned,
upon said shaft to give the carriage two successive impulses.
7. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a series of type key-levers
and a paper carriage, of a shaft having operative connection with said carriage, and
a ratchet mechanism the ratchet of which is on said shaft and the pawl on a moving
part under control of the type key-levers and normally out of engagement with the
ratchet.
8. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a series of type key levers,
and a carriage having a rack; of a shaft free to rotate and having a pinion meshing
with said rack, and a ratchet mechanism; the ratchet of which is on said shaft and
the pawl on a moving part under control of the type key levers and normally out of
engagement with the ratchet.
9. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a paper carriage and spacer
bar, of a shaft normally free to rotate and in operative connection with said carriage
and having a ratchet, and a pawl under control of the spacer bar and which is
normally disengaged from said ratchet and normally out of contact with said ratchet
when the spacer bar is depressed and engages and moves said ratchet while said
spacer bar is returning to its normal position.
10. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a paper carriage, of a shaft
normally free to rotate in operative connection with said carriage and having a
ratchet, a spacer-bar having a spring for returning it to its normal position when
depressed, and a pawl normally out of engagement with said ratchet and connected
to said spacer-bar by a link which moves said pawl in engagement with said ratchet
when the spacer-bar is depressed and causes said pawl to move said ratchet when
the spacer-bar is returning to its normal position.
11. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a paper carriage and a spacer--
bar, of a shaft having mechanism thereon for moving said carriage, a ratchet for
rotating said shaft and having a spring guard, and a rocking pawl which passes out-
side said guard when the spacer-bar is depressed and between the guard and ratchet
while the spacer-bar is returning to its normal position.
12. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a carriage feeding shaft having
a ratchet, a guard for said ratchet, a pawl having a cam edge and a lateral flange,.
and a finger lever controlling said pawl.
13. In a type-writing machine, the combination with the paper carriage, of a shaft
having mechanism thereon for moving said carriage, a ratchet for rotating said shaft,
and a pawl for moving said ratchet having a cam face which acts upon the teeth of
said ratchet.
14. In a type-writing machine, the combination with the paper carriage, of a shaft
having mechanism thereon for moving said carriage, a ratchet for rotating said shaft
having angular teeth with radial notches at the base of said teeth, and a pawl for
moving and locking said ratchet having a cam face which acts upon said teeth and
a flange face which engages said radial notches.
15. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a paper carriage, of a shaft
having mechanism thereon for moving said carriage, a ratchet for rotating said shaft
having angular teeth with radial notches at the base of said teeth, and a pawl for
moving and locking said ratchet having a cam face to act upon said teeth and a
flange face to engage said radial notches, and which pawl is normally out of
engagement with said ratchet.
16. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a paper carriage and a series
of type key levers, of a shaft having mechanism thereon for moving said carriage,
a ratchet for rotating said shaft having angular teeth with radial notches at the
base of said teeth, and a pawl for moving and locking said ratchet and having a cam
face to act upon said teeth and a flange face to engage said radial notches and. is-
operated by the action of any of said type key-levers.

page_text: 17. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a paper carriage, and a
series of type key-levers, of a shaft having mechanism thereon for moving said
carriage, a ratchet for rotating. said shaft having angular teeth with radial notches
at the base of said teeth, and a pawl normally out of engagement with and for
moving and locking said ratchet and having a cam face to act upon said teeth and
a flange face to engage said radial notches and is operated by the action of any of
said type key-levers.
18. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a paper carriage, a type
wheel, a series of type key-levers, a rock shaft carrying said type wheel and
operated by said key-levers and a shaft for moving said carriage, of a pawl on
said rock shaft and moving therewith and having a cam face and a flange face
thereon; and a ratchet on said carriage moving shaft for rotating the same, which
is moved and locked by the action of said pawl when any of the said type key-levers
are operated.
19. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a paper carriage, a type
wheel, a series of type key-levers, and a spacing lever, of a rock shaft carrying the
type wheel and operated to impress the type wheel by the downward stroke of the
type key-levers, a connecting pawl carried by said rock-shaft, and forwardly
actuated during the downward movement of the type key-levers, a second rock-shaft
operated by the spacer lever, a second cam-acting pawl carried by said second rock-
shaft and forwardly actuated as the spacer lever is moving up, a shaft for moving
the paper carriage, two ratchet wheels on said carriage moving shaft and for
rotating the same, one of which is actuated by the pawl controlled by the key levers
and the other by the pawl controlled by the spacer levers.
20. In a type-writing machine, the combination with the paper carriage, the type
key-levers and a shaft in gearing with the paper carriage, of a ratchet on said shaft
and a pawl moved by said key levers for acting upon said ratchet and having a cam
face and a laterally acting joint on its axis whereby it can swing laterally while
moving axially to engage said ratchet.
21. In a type-writing machine, the combination with rotating paper-carriage-
moving-shaft and a type-wheel-moving rock-shaft at right angles to said carriage-
moving-shaft of a ratchet on said carriage moving shaft for rotating the same, and
a pawl on said type-wheel-moving rock-shaft for moving said ratchet.
22. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a rotating paper-carriage-
moving-shaft, and a type-wheel-moving-rock-shaft at right angles to said carriage-
moving-shaft, of a ratchet on said carriage moving shaft for rotating the same and
having angular teeth with radial notches at the base of said teeth, and a pawl on
said type-wheel moving rock-shaft for moving said ratchet and having a cam face
for acting on said teeth and a flange for engaging said notches.
23. In a type-writing machine, the combination with rotating paper-carriage
moving shaft and a type-wheel moving rock-shaft at right angles to said carriage
moving shaft, of a ratchet on said carriage moving shaft for rotating the same and
having angular teeth with radial notches at the base of said teeth, and a spring-resisted
laterally-movable pawl on said type-wheel moving rock-shaft for moving said
ratchet, having a cam face for acting on said teeth and a flange for engaging said
notches.
.
24. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a rock-shaft carrying the
type-wheel and at right angles to the type key-levers, a rotating shaft for moving
the paper carriage and at right angles to said rock-shaft; of a ratchet on said
carriage moving shaft having angular teeth with radial notches at their base, a
pawl on said rock-shaft moving with the same and movable pivotally longitudinally
of said shaft and having on its forward acting face a cam for acting upon said
ratchet teeth and on its rear face a flange concentric with said rock-shaft for
engaging said radial notches and type key-levers which rock said rock-shaft.
25. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a rock-shaft at right angles
to the type key-lever, a rotating shaft for moving the paper carriage and at right
angles to said rock-shaft; of a ratchet on said carriage-moving shaft having

page_text: angular teeth with radial notches at their base, a pawl on said rock-shaft moving
with the same and movable pivotally longitudinally of said shaft and having on its
forward acting face a cam for acting upon said ratchet teeth and on its rear face a
Hange concentric with said rock shaft for engaging said radial notches and a finger
lever for rocking said rock-shaft.
26. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a type-wheel, mechanism
for rotating and vibrating said wheel and type key-levers; of tumblers acting upon
said mechanism to rotate and vibrate said wheel and in changing contact with said
levers, whereby the leverage is compounded and made variable during the down-
ward movement of the key levers.
27. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a type-wheel, mechanism
for rotating and vibrating said type-wheel simultaneously, and type key-levers; of
tumblers acting upon said rotating and vibrating mechanism and having arms K' in
changing contact with said key-levers when the latter are depressed.
28. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a type wheel and its
immediate actuating connections and type key-levers for actuating said actuating
connections, of tumblers having arms,, changeably contacting with said key
levers and having gear teeth, k, engaging like teeth, b, on said key-levers.
29. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a type-wheel, mechanism for
propelling it towards the roller or platen and rotating it during such propelling
movement, and key levers for actuating said mechanism by a changeful leverage,
substantially as set forth.
30. In a type-writing machine, the combination of key-levers having a bearing
face,, and teeth, b', the tumblers, K, having arms, ³, and teeth, ³, substantially
as set forth.
31. In a type-writer, the combination of a type-wheel, driving racks, I, I',
having frames, i, i, ratchet pawl, J, having frame J', supporting shaft, h³,
tumblers, K, and key-levers, B, substantially as set forth.
32. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a series of type key-levers,
a type-wheel, a ratchet for stopping the axial movement of said type-wheel,
mechanism for moving said type-wheel and having an operating frame, a pawl for
engaging said ratchet and having an operating frame, a series of tumblers con-
nected with said key-levers for actuating both of said frames which act upon the
type-wheel-moving-frame continuously during their movement and upon the pawl-
moving frame at varying later points in their movement.
33. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a series of type key-levers, a
type wheel, a ratchet for stopping the axial movement of said type wheel, an
operating frame, a pawl for engaging said ratchet and having an operative frame,
a series of tumblers connected with said key-levers for actuating both of said
frames which act upon the type-wheel-moving-frame continuously during their
movement and with varying leverage, and upon the pawl-moving-frame at varying
later points in their movement.
34. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a series of type key-levers,
a type-wheel, a ratchet for stopping the axial movement of said type-wheel,
mechanism for moving said type-wheel and having an operating frame, a pawl for
engaging said ratchet and having an operating frame, a series of tumblers connected
with said key-levers for actuating both of said frames and having uniformly
positioned bearing faces, k', and variably positioned bearing faces, k, which bearing
faces act respectively upon the type-wheel-moving-frame continuously during their
movement and upon the pawl moving frame at varying later points in their
movement.
35. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a type-wheel which moves
axially at the same time it moves laterally, and an eccentric ratchet which moves
coincidently with said type-wheel, of a pawl for engaging said ratchet which stands
in the plane of lateral movement of said ratchet and remains stationary while the
said ratchet moves axially and laterally from or toward said pawl and thereby
passes its teeth in uniform proximity to said pawl, and mechanism for moving

page_text: said pawl into contact with said ratchet as any desired tooth comes opposite said
pawl.
36. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a type-wheel which moves
axially in opposite directions from an initial point, of a double ratchet, each part
of which has teeth of differing length graded from an initial point and a pawl
which engages said ratchet.
37. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a type-wheel which moves
axially in opposite directions from an initial point, of a double ratchet which moves
axially coincidently with said wheel and has the teeth of each of its parts
correlatively positional, of different lengths, graded oppositely from an initial
point and moving in different paths and a pawl for engaging said ratchet.
38. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a laterally vibrating shaft,
of a type wheel which moves axially concentrically with said shaft, a ratchet wheel
which moves axially coincidently with said type wheel and has teeth of differing
length graded from an initial point and a pawl which engages said ratchet.
39. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a laterally vibrating shaft,
of a type wheel which moves axially concentrically with said shaft in opposite
directions from an initial point, a double ratchet which moves axially coincidently
with said wheel and has the teeth of each part thereof of differing length graded
from an initial point and a pawl which engages said ratchet.
40. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a rotating and laterally
vibrating shaft, of a type wheel which moves axially concentrically with said shaft,
a ratchet which moves axially coincidently with said type wheel and has teeth of
differing length graded from an initial point and a pawl which engages said
ratchet.
41. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a rotating and laterally
vibrating shaft, of a type wheel which moves axially concentrically with said shaft.
in opposite directions from an initial point, a double ratchet which moves axially
coincidently with said wheel and has the teeth of each part thereof of differing
length graded from an initial point and a pawl which engages said ratchet.
42. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a laterally vibrating shaft,
of a type wheel which moves axially concentrically with said shaft, vibrates
laterally with said shaft, is shiftable in the direction of said shaft, and moves in
opposite directions axially from an initial point, a double ratchet the teeth of each
part of which are of differing length, graded from an initial point, moves axially
coincidently with said wheel, is in operative connection to stop said wheel, and has
the teeth of each part thereof moving in separate paths, and a pawl for engaging
said ratchet which has a graduated movement inversely proportional to the
movement of said ratchet.
43. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a rotating and laterally
vibrating shaft, of a type wheel which moves axially concentrically with said shaft,
vibrutes laterally with said shaft, is shiftable in the direction of said shaft, and
moves in opposite directions axially from an initial point, a double ratchet the
teeth of each part of which are of differing lengths, graded from an initial point,
moves axially coincidently with said wheel, is in operative connection to stop said
wheel, and has the teeth of each part thereof moving in separate paths, and a pawl
for engaging said ratchet which has a graduated movement inversely proportional
to the movement of said ratchet.
44. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a laterally vibrating shaft,
of an axially moving type wheel carried by said shaft, a ratchet for arresting the
axial movement of said wheel which has an axial movement coincident with said
wheel and has teeth of differing length graduated from an initial point, a pawl for
engaging said ratchet, operating mechanism for actuating said type wheel, shaft,
and pawl, and a system of key levers for actuating said operating mechanism.
45. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a type wheel which is laterally
vibrated to produce an impression of its type upon a pad or paper and is moved
axially more or less in opposite directions from an initial point to position a letter

page_text: or character, a ratchet for arresting the axial movement of the type wheel at any
degree thereof and which has oppositely toothed faces, the teeth of both faces
being of differing length and graded from a common initial point which coincides
with the initial point of axial movement of the wheel, a pawl for engaging said
ratchet which has a varying movement inversely proportional to the varying axial
movement of said wheel, operating mechanism for imparting both the axial and
vibrating motions to the wheel and the varying movement to the pawl, and a
system of key-levers for actuating said operating mechanism.
46. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a type wheel which moves
axially variably in opposite directions from an initial point to position its type, and
laterally to impress its positioned type, a ratchet for arresting the axial movement
of said wheel at any degree thereof and which has oppositely toothed faces, the
teeth of both faces being of differing length and graded from a common initial
point which coincides with the initial point of axial motion of said wheel, and a
pawl for engaging said ratchet which has a varying movement inversely proportional
to the varying axial motion of said wheel, of operating mechanism for imparting
the aforesaid movements to the said pawl and type wheel and a series of key-
levers for actuating said vibrating mechanism to impart said varying action to said
pawl and wheel and which move like distances to effect their purposes.
47. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a type wheel which moves
axially to position a type and laterally to impress said type, of mechanism for
moving said type wheel laterally and axially simultaneously, and mechanism for
stopping the axial movement of the wheel where the proper type is positioned
without retarding or interfering with the lateral movement.
48. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a type wheel which moves
axially to position a type and vibrates laterally to impress said type, actuating
mechanism which moves said type wheel laterally and thereby imparts to it a
simultaneous axial movement until said axial movement is prevented and then™
continues the said lateral movement until the type wheel strikes the platen, a
double faced eccentric ratchet connected to and moving coincidently with said type
wheel, two pawls arranged on diametrically opposite sides of the center of axial
movement of said ratchet which remain stationary until the proper type is to be
positioned and then engage said ratchet substantially simultaneously on opposite
sides and in oppositely pointed teeth and then move laterally together with said
type
wheel and key levers and connecting gearing for imparting said movements to
said type wheel, ratchet and pawls, while any one of them is being depressed.
49. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a type wheel which moves
axially to position a type and vibrates laterally to impress said type, actuating
mechanism which moves said type-wheel laterally and thereby imparts to it a
simultaneous axial movement until said axial movement is prevented and then
continues the said lateral movement until the type wheel strikes the platen, a
double faced eccentric ratchet connected to and moving coincidently with said type
wheel, two pawls arranged on diametrically opposite sides of the center of axial
movement of said ratchet which remain stationary until the proper type is to be
positioned and then engage said ratchet substantially simultaneously on opposite
sides and in oppositely pointed teeth and then move laterally together with said
type wheel, a paper carriage, a shaft and pinion for moving said carriage, a pawl
and ratchet device for moving said shaft which is operated during the forward
vibratory movement of the type-wheel, and key-levers and connecting gearing for
imparting said movements to said type-wheel, ratchet, pawls, shaft, and carriage,
while any one of them is being depressed.
50. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a rotating or oscillating type-
wheel, a pawl for arresting the rotation of the wheel and a second pawl acting
upon the same ratchet for arresting rebounding of said wheel, substantially as
set forth.
51. In a type-writing machine, the combination with key-levers, of a rotating

page_text: type-wheel and mechanism under the control of said key-levers for causing said
rotation of the type-wheel by propelling it towards the platen or roller, substantially
as set forth.
52. In a type-writer, the combination of a type-wheel and driving mechanizm
for initially propelling the wheel towards the platen or roller and simultaneously
rotating the type-wheel, substantially as set forth.
53. The combination with type-key-levers, of a type wheel shaft, a pinion on
said shaft, segmental racks on either side of and meshing with said pinion and
driving mechanism under the control of the key-levers for propelling the racks to
cause the wheel shaft to move towards the platen and rotate during such movement,
substantially as set forth.
54. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a type-wheel having axial
movement, and an eccentric ratchet, and a concentric ratchet wheel, moving
coincidently with said type-wheel, of arresting pawls, two for the eccentric ratchet
and one for the concentric ratchet wheel.
55. The combination of type-wheel shaft, h, sleeve, h¹, ou said shaft, pinion, h,
an eccentric ratchet and a concentric ratchet wheel on said sleeves, and two
arresting pawls for said eccentric ratchet and a third pawl acting on such concentric
ratchet, substantially as set forth.
56. The combination of shaft, h³, supporting a type wheel and type-whee!
shaft, h, a pinion, ', on shaft, h, racks, I, I, with frames, i, i, loosely supported
on shaft, h, and engaging said pinion, arresting pawls, J, and L, loosely
supported on shaft, h³, tumblers, K, on said shaft, h³, engaging said tumblers, and
key-levers, B, substantially as set forth.
57. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a type-wheel having axial
and vibratory movements and an eccentric ratchet, and a concentric ratchet wheel
moving coincidently with said type-wheels, of arresting pawls, two for the eccentric
ratchet and one for the concentric ratchet wheel.
58. In a type-writing machine, the combination with the tumblers and key levers
having operative contact; of a comb located at the joints of said key levers and
tumblers to prevent side movement of said parts.
59. In a type-writing machine, the combination with tumblers and key-levers
each having teeth and a comb located at the joints to prevent side movements of
said parts.
60. In a type-writing machine, the combination with the cross shaft, a³, and the
key levers pivoted thereon, of a comb or separating device, V, applied to the top of
said levers above their pivots.
61. In a type-writing machine, the combination with the cross shaft, a³, and the
key levers loosely hung upon said shaft, of a comb or separating device, V, applied
to the top of said levers above their pivots.
62. A paper carriage, C, having a tubular roller bearing with recess or slot, c¹,
in combination with a roller, D, having a pin connection, d', for engagement with
said recess or slot, substantially as set forth.
63. In a paper carriage, C, the combination of a roller, D, and a second or
bearing roller, E, consisting of a bar having at intervals along its length the
adjustable rollers, e, adjustable laterally and normally held in place by friction,
substantially as set forth.
64. In a paper carriage, the combination with a hinged roller, D, and a hinged
roller, E, which is supported in adjustable bearings, of a catch for engaging said
roller, E, and holding both rollers in place.
65. In a paper carriage, the combination of a hinged roller, D, and a roller, E,
journaled at one end in a hinged bearing and having a catch at the opposite end,
substantially as set forth.
66. In a paper carriage, the combination of a slotted standard, c, the hinged
rollers, D, and E, catch, &, pivoted in an elongated slot, e, in standard, c³, and
having a reacting spring, substantially as.set forth.

page_text: 67. In a paper carriage, the combination of a standard, &, having an elongated
slot, el a journal, e, pivoted in said slot, a reacting spring for said journal, a
roller, E, supported at one end in bearing or journal, e, and a spring catch at the
opposite end of roller, E, substantially as set forth.
68. In a paper carriage, the combination of a rotating roller, E, hinged at one
end and free at its other end, and the removable roller, D, substantially as set
forth.
69. In a paper carriage, the combination with the hinged rollers, D, and E, of
the presser plate, F, substantially as set forth.
70. In a paper carriage, the combination with the paper roller or platen, of a
sleeve or collar, d', having ratchet cam, d³, and pawl, d³, and adjusting screw for
said ratchet cam, substantially as set forth.
71. In a paper carriage, the combination of a tubular sleeve, el, having turning
wheel with ratchet, c", a collar, d³, having cam ratchet, d³, and lever, d', for
engagement with ratchet, c", a retaining pawl, c", for ratchet, c, and an adjusting
screw, d, for cam ratchet, d³, substantially as set forth.
72. In a paper carriage, a tubular sleeve with recess, c¹, a roller, D, having
pin, d', for engagement with recess, c", and devices mounted on said sleeve for
rotating said roller, substantially as set forth.
73. In a type-writing machine, underscoring or analogous device, the combination
with a pivoted plate, of separate boxes containing marking wheels and ink rollers
or supplies, and said marking wheels in the separate boxes being arranged in
different planes, substantially as set forth.
74. In a type-writing machine, the combination with the pivoted plate, 5, of
boxes, 9, 9, one containing a vertically located and the other a horizontally located
marking wheel with ink supply, substantially as set forth.
75. In a type-writer, the combination with the plate, g, having oppositely inclined
faces, marking wheel boxes with ink supplies on said plate and a reacting spring
for the plate, substantially as set forth.
76. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a vibrating type-wheel, of
an inking roller supported on a vibratory arm in front of said wheel and actuated
by frictional contact with the type-wheel to ink the type and move it out of the
way of said wheel as said wheel is vibrated to make an impression.
77. In combination with a vibrated type-wheel, the vibrated inking roller, l', on
a pivoted arm, 18, standard, 1, for said arm, 1, and a supporting bracket, 113, said
roller being actuated by and under the control of the type-wheel, substantially as
set forth.
78. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a type-wheel and a reversible
standard, having at each end pivoted arms with inking rollers constructed to
be independently used, substantially as set forth.
79. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a laterally vibrating part, a
longitudinally and axially moving type wheel carried by said vibrating part and a
laterally movable locking bar for locking said wheel against longitudinal action
and located in the path of and carried by said laterally vibrating part.
80. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a laterally moving type-
wheel shaft, of a type-wheel having two or more fields of type and movable
longitudinally to position its fields of type and axially to position its type and
vibrates laterally to impress said type, and a vibrating locking bar for locking
said shaft and holding it against longitudinal movement while it is moving
laterally, which looking bar moves laterally coincidently with said shaft.
81. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a laterally moving type-
wheel shaft, of a type-wheel having two or more fields of type and movable
longitudinally of said shaft to position its fields of type, a key-lever for so moving
said wheel to position its fields of type, mechanism for moving said type-wheel
axially and laterally to position any type of a field and impress the same, type key-
levers for actuating said mechanism to position and impress said type, a vibratory
locking bar for locking said wheel against longitudinal movement while it is being

page_text: moved to position to impress said type, said locking bar being moved laterally with
said shaft by the action of said type key-levers.
82. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a type wheel shaft having
an axial movement to position a type and means for moving said shaft longi
tudinally, of an yielding locking device which engages said shaft at certain
predetermined points, and holds it against vertical movement while the shaft is
being axially moved.
83. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a type wheel shaft having
an axial movement to position a type and a lateral movement to impress a posi-
tioned type of an yielding locking bar which prevents longitudinal movement of
and vibrates laterally with said shaft.
84. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a type wheel shaft having
an axial movement to position a type and a lateral movement to impress a posi
tioned type of a locking bar normally out of engagement with said shaft which
engages with and moves said bar laterally when vibrated.
85. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a type wheel shaft having
an axial morcinent to position a type and a lateral movement to impress the posi-
tioned type, and means for longitudinally moving said shaft; of an yielding
locking bar moving laterally with said shaft to hold it against longitudinal move-
ment while being moved laterally.
86. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a type wheel shaft having
an axial movement to position a type, and a lateral movement to impress the
positioned type, and means for longitudinally moving said shaft; of a locking bar
normally out of engagement with said shaft which engages with and moves said
bar laterally when vibrated.
87. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a vibrating type wheel
shaft having a collar and means for longitudinally moving said shaft; of a movable
locking bar vibrating independently of the vibrating shaft, having recesses which
engage said collar.
88. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a type-wheel shaft having a
collar and means for laterally vibrating and longitudinally moving said shaft, of a
movable locking bar vibrating independently of the vibrating shaft having recesses
which engage said collar when the shaft is laterally vibrated and hold it against
longitudinal movement.
89. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a type-wheel having an
axial and longitudinal movement, a shaft for said type-wheel having a projection,
and a locking bar vibrated independently of the type-wheel and having recesses
for engaging said projections.
90. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a type-wheel shaft having a
collar, mechanism for laterally vibrating said shaft, and a movable locking bar
vibrating independently of the vibrating shaft and having a recess which engages
said collar when the type wheel shaft is laterally vibrated.
91. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a type-wheel shaft free to
move longitudinally and means for moving said shaft longitudinally, of a movable
locking bar operated by a moving part of the machine which engages said shaft to
hold it against longitudinal movement while the type is being impressed.
92. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a type-wheel shaft free to
move longitudinally and means for moving said shaft longitudinally and vibrating
it laterally, of a locking bar which vibrates independently of the vibrating
shaft and moves laterally with and locks said shaft against longitudinal
movement.
93. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a type wheel shaft free to
move longitudinally, having a collar, mechanism for moving said shaft longi-
tudinally and vibrating it laterally, and a movable locking bar vibrated
independently of the vibrating shaft and having recesses which engage said collar
when the type wheel is shifted longitudinally and vibrated laterally.
94. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a laterally vibrating type

page_text: wheel shaft, and a support for the lower end of said shaft; of a locking bar
vibrated independently of the vibrated shaft and which engages said shaft when it
is laterally vibrated.
95. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a laterally vibrated type
wheel shaft, and a lever for shifting said shaft longitudinally, of a locking device
vibrated independently of the vibrated shaft and engaging with said shaft when
it is moved laterally and holding it against longitudinal movement.
96. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a laterally vibrated type-
wheel and its attached parts having a similar movement, a vibrating locking device
in the path of the lateral movements of said parts, and a stop for limiting the
movement of the locking device.
97. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a laterally vibrated type
wheel shaft, and a lever having one end below the lower end of said shaft for
moving it longitudinally, of a locking bar which moves laterally with and locks
said shaft when it is laterally vibrated.
98. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a laterally vibrated type
wheel shaft, and a lever having one end below and for longitudinally moving said.
shaft, of an yielding locking bar for said shaft in contact with the end of said
lever and in the path of the laterally vibrated shaft.
99. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a laterally vibrated type
wheel shaft free to move longitudinally, and a movable locking device for said shaft
in the path of the lateral movement of said shaft.
100. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a laterally vibrated type
wheel and an yielding locking device in the path of the lateral movement of said
shaft of a stop below the type shaft to limit the movement of the locking
device.
101. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a laterally vibrated type
wheel shaft, a lever below and for moving said shaft longitudinally, and an yielding
locking device in the path of the lateral movement of said shaft and in contact
with the end of the lever.
102. In a type-writer, a printing wheel and shaft under the control of the key
levers for printing, separate lever mechanism for moving said shaft and wheel, to.
bring different rows or fields of letters into action, and mechanism vibrating.
independently of and moving with said shaft to hold it in its adjusted position,
substantially as set forth.
103. The combination of vertically moving shaft, C, having collar, g, movable
bar, H, having recesses, h, lever, K, and separate key-levers for operating lever, K,
substantially as set forth."
104. The combination of a type writing printing wheel shaft resting upon a
lever under control of separate key-levers, and a movable locking bar engaging
with said shaft, substantially as set forth.
105. In a type-writing machine, the combination with the key-levers and a
laterally vibrating frame carrying a type wheel and having extension or bar, d, of
tumblers, b', having face, 62, contacting with said bar, and cam faces, b', and straight
faces 6, which normally rest on said key-levers.
106. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a rotating and oscillating
printing or impression wheel, stopping ratchet moving with said type wheel,
pawls, and e, tumblers, b', having lower cam and straight upper faces, 63, 6³, and
key-levers, b, normally in contact with said lower straight faces of said tumblers,.
substantially as set forth.
107. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a vibrated type-wheel, of
an inking roller supported on a springing arm in front of said wheel and only
actuated by frictional contact with the type wheel to ink the type and move it out
of the way, as said wheel is propelled to make an impression.
108. In combination with the platen or roller of a type-writing machine, the
sliding underscoring devices, m, m³, and reacting springs for returning said devices
to their normal position, substantially as set forth.

page_text: 109. The combination of housing or frame, A, platen or roller, a, ways or
guides, m³, on said housing or frame, boxes or casings on said guides, and under-
scoring, cancelling, or like devices in said boxes, substantially as set forth.
Dated this 8th day of September 1891.
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.