matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED PREPARATION OF FARINACEOUS FOOD TO BE USED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR COFFEE, CHOCOLATE, OR COCOA
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Edwards at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th November 1881. A communication
from abroad by François Maire, of Lyons, in the Republic of France.
"
EDMUND EDWARDS, of the Firm of Edwards and Co., Patent Agents and
Engineers, of 40, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex. 'AN IMPROVED PREPARATION OF FARINACEOUS FOOD TO BE USED
AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR COFFEE, CHOCOLATE, OR COCOA." [A communication
from abroad by François Maire, of Lyons, in the Republic of France.].
This Invention has for its object an improved preparation of food composed of
various farinaceous substances to be used as a substitute for coffee, chocolate, or
cocoa, as ordinarily used. In order to carry out the Invention I take the following
farinaceous substances reduced to powder, and in about the proportions named,
that is to say :-
1010 parts.
I mix the several materials thoroughly together, and I remove 101 parts of the
0 mixture, leaving 900 parts, and substituting for the parts removed 91 parts or ten
per cent. of powdered vanilla, making 1000 parts of the prepared food.
Food prepared of the several materials in the manner and in about the pro-
portions named is cheap, wholesome, nutritious, and very palatable.
A NEW OR IMPROVED RIVETTING MACHINE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Wallace at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th December 1881.
THOMAS WALLACE, of Dalmuir, in the County of Dumbarton, North Britain.
"A NEW OR IMPROVED RIVETTING MACHINE."
This Invention relates to a rivetting machine worked by hand power and of a
portable class, by means of which, rivetted work can be produced in a more
efficient and economical manner than as at prosent generally practiced.
The machine consists of a frame or back, one of the projecting parts or arms
of which is filled with a die direct, the other with a screwed piece or rod into
which is fitted the other die, the said screw being provided with a wheel or handle
to turn it. In lieu of the moving die being actuated by screw, it may be fitted
into a reciprocating piece provided with a spring for separating the dies, and
actuated by a cam or lever, or each die may be fitted into reciprocating pieces so
actuated. The frame or back is or may be provided with adjustable clamping or
wedging pieces which, when the machine is adjusted, are drawn or pressed, and
fixed by means of screws, levers, or otherwise, so as to fix the machine in position
for work.
APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING ACCIDENTS IN HOISTS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Empsall at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th November 1881.
SAMUEL EMPSALL, of Halifax, in the County of York.
APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING ACCIDENTS IN HOISTS."
"AN IMPROVED
The object of my Invention is to construct hoists so thatit is impossible for any one
to fall down the wells of same. In ordinary hoists I attach to the cage at the top and
bottom lattices constructed of wooden or inetal rods, carried either on cords, canvas,
or other flexible materials, or by metal supports hinged between each lag, so as to
fold up book wise. The top lattice is secured to the top of the hoist and to the top
of the cage; the bottom lattice to the bottom of the well and to the bottom of the
cage, there being sufficient room left at the top and bottom of the well for the
lattices to lay in when pushed to the top or lowered to the bottom. The ends of
the lattices may either run in grooves, or be guided by two rods passing the whole
length of the well and through the sides of the cage. By the above arrangements
the openings from the rooms to the well of the hoist are always closed (except at
that room where the cage is), and protected by the lattices being in front of
them.

page_text: have it understood that what I claim to be secured to me by the hereinbefore in
part recited Letters Patent is,—
The employment of moveable lattices for protecting the entrances to the wells of
hoists, such as shewn and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Empsall, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Twenty fourth day of May, One thousand eight hundred and
-eighty two.
Witness,
ABRAHAM REED,
Clerk to John E. Walsh,
Patent Agent,
Halifax, Leeds, and Bradford.
SAMUEL EMPSALL. (L.S.)
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EXCAVATING OR DREDGING UNDER WATER, AND IN THE MEANS OR METHOD EMPLOYED FOR RAISING THE MATERIAL LOOSENED BY THE SAID MACHINE TO THE SURFACE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd June 1881.
"IMPROVE-
WILLIAM SMITH, C. E., Resident Harbour Engineer, Aberdeen, N.B.
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EXCAVATING OR DREDGING UNDER WATER, AND IN
THE MEANS OR METHOD EMPLOYED FOR RAISING THE MATERIAL LOOSENED BY
THE SAID MACHINE TO THE SURFACE"
A tubular frame mounted on wheels carrying a convenient number of hollow
discs which communicate with the tubular frame by tubular stalks. The discs are
flattened horizontally, and tho upper sides are pierced with rose holes. Water
under pressure is supplied to the frame and discs from pumping machinery either
on a barge or ashore. The discs are drawn through the sand, silt, &c., by a motor
engine or engines, and tack on the pier or shore, the frame and discs being capable
of working in either direction backward or forward. The hydraulic pressure will
raise the sand, silt, mud, or other soil to the surface current to be carried out to
sea by the ebb tide, river, or other current. The tubular frame is constructed by
cast iron, or other suitable material with bearings for four more wheels. The discs
are cast iron, brass, or other suitable metal of an oval flattened shape, and the
under side and interior bored and turned to admit a metal sole. This arrangement
of discs allows the rose holes to be accurately bored and turned to diminish fluid
friction. The tubular frame will communicate with the pumping machinery by
flexible hose or jointed pipes. The pumps to be a suitable arrangement of force
pumps with an accumulator or air vessel for equalising and storing water pressure,
and driven by steam or other motive power. The plough dredger may be worked
from either or both sides of the channel by one or more engines, ropes, pulleys, and
winding drums; instead of water I may force a stream of compressed air or other
fluid through the rose holes to raise the sand, silt, mud, or other soil to the surface,
providing pumping machinery suitable for the fluid.
AN IMPROVED INKSTAND OR HOLDER
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Josua Hesekiel Kjellgren at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st November 1881.
JOSUA HESEKIEL KJELLGREN, of Reijmyre, in the Kingdom of Sweden, Glass
Manufacturer. "AN IMPROVED INKSTAND OR HOLDER."
This Invention relates to a novel construction of inkstand or holder whereby a
certain depth of ink is always maintained in the dipping cup, waste of ink is
prevented, and facilities for cleaning afforded.
In carrying out my Invention I provide a receptacle or holder of suitable shape,
and preferably of glass, porcelain, or like material; the holder or receptacle is
formed with a flange at the top and has a central opening, in which fits the dipping
cup, which is constructed of a cylinder of glass or like material closed at the bottom,
and provided with a flange or rim at the top which fits over the flange or top of
the holder or receptacle, the meeting surfaces of the flanges being ground so as to
make an air tight joint, or the joint may be otherwise formed air tight.
At a suitable position in the bottom of the dipping cup I form a small hole or
opening, and at a certain distance above the bottom of the cup I form another
opening in the sido thereof, the said openings forming communications between
the cup and the holder.
With an inketand of this construction if the holder or ink receptacle be filled
with ink and the cup be placed therein the ink will pass into the dipping cup, but
will not rise above the level of the hereinbefore described opening in the side
thereof, which opening is made at a suitable height to give a convenient depth of
ink for dipping, and when the ink in the cup becomes thick at the bottom the cup
is raised and the fluid portion of the ink therein will run through the bottom hole
into the receptacle, and the cup being entirely withdrawn can be cleaned and
replaced without it being necessary to supply fresh ink to the holder, the ink in
which by being enclosed air tight remains fluid and does not require renewal until
it has fallen to the level of the opening in the side of the dipping cup.
A suitable cover is provided for the dipping cup.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTROMETERS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Imray at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th October 1881. A communication
from abroad by Jules Carpentier, of Paris, France.
JOHN IMRAY, of No. 28, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTROMETERS." [A communication
from abroad by Jules Carpentier, of Paris, France.]
This Invention relates to the construction and arrangement of an apparatus or
instrument for measuring the relative intensity of two electric currents, and also
for ascertaining under certain conditions their relative electromotive force and for
measuring resistance.
The principle on which the instrument depends for its action may be thus
explained:-If two electric currents be made to pass round two meridians of an
imaginary sphere at right angles to one another, a magnetic needle suspended or
poised at the centre of the sphere will be deflected to a position intermediate
between the planes of the two meridians, which position depends upon the relative
intensity of the two currents, the tangent of the angle of deflection of the needle
being the ratio of the two intensities. Consequently if the angle of deflection be
read on a suitable circular scale its tangent will give the required ratio, or if the
departure of the needle from its zero point be read on a rectilineal scale perpen-
dicular to the zero attitude of the needle, this reading being that of the tangent of
the angle of deflection will give at once the required ratio. In cases where the
resistances of the two circuits are equal their electromotive forces have the same
ratio as their intensities. A resistance may be measured by the instrument by
connecting the circuits in quantity and introducing the said resistance in one of
them, when its value may be computed by multiplying the known resistance of the
circuits of the instrument by one less than the tangent of the needles deflection
angle. In constructing the instrument two rings of trough like section are fixed
crossing each other at right angles on an insulated stand provided with levelling
screws. A number of convolutions of insulated wires are coiled in the hollows of
the two rings, and a needle is suspended at their common centre over a suitable
scale. The two sets of circular convolutions are connected into their respective
circuits, and when electric currents are passed through them the needle becomes

page_text: deflected, its deflection indicating the relative intensities of the currents, as above
explained. One of the two rings may be made smaller than the other, so that the
two sets of wire convolutions do not have to cross each other. Or one ring may be
mounted quite above the other, in which case two needles rigidly connected by a
vertical axis are employed, each needle being in the centre of one of the rings.
The two rings thus arranged instead of being at right angles to each other may be
in the same plane, the two needles being in that case fixed at right angles to each
other on their common axis.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR PUMPING LIQUIDS, AIR, AND AERIFORM OR GASEOUS FLUIDS
Year: 1881

page_text: A com-
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Joseph Barnard Mills at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th May 1881.
munication from abroad by Edouard Hazelle, of Paris, in the Republic of
France.
BENJAMIN JOSEPH BARNARD MILLS, of the Firm of Harris and Mills, of 23,
Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR PUMPING LIQUIDS, AIR, AND AERIFORM OR
GASEOUS FLUIDS." A communication from abroad by Edouard Hazelle, of Paris,
in the Republic of France.
The Invention consists in forming pumps in such manner that the cylinders and
pistons do not require boring and turning, as has heretofore been necessary.
According to the present Invention a ring of india rubber is stretched upon the
piston of the pump, thereby forming a rolling piston or packing, the friction of
which is very trifling. When motion is imparted to the piston of the pump the
packing rolls to and fro, forming a close packing.
Flanges are arranged at each end of the piston to prevent the ring coming off.
Pumps may thus be made at a very cheap rate, and may be constructed as single,
double, or triple action.
The same arrangement is equally applicable to pumping and forcing air or
gaseous fluids, and may be worked horizontally or vertically, as may be desired.
In some cases apparatus is constructed similar to a gasometer and water holder
with inlet and outlet valves, using an india rubber ring on the inverted bell or
gasometer as a rolling packing between the bell and the water holder, which
prevents the water from being forced out of the water holder when a rapid up and
down motion is imparted to the inverted bell.
Flanges are fixed to the bell to prevent the ring from coming off. One or more
of these bells can be worked connected together if desired.
In many cases it is preferred to use air vessels when pumping and forcing
liquids, and also when pumping air or gas under pressure it is preferred to use an
air receiver to regulate the flow, and when necessary safety and regulating valves
are also used.

page_text: Various methods may be used for giving motion to the pumps or apparatus,
either by direct acting engines or otherwise; or they may be worked by hand
power.
The apparatus will be found of great advantage for ventilation of all kinds, also
to produce a blast to be employed in the melting of metals, and for blowing smiths'
fires, as well as for a great many other purposes wherever currents of air require
to be exhausted or forced.
Various modifications may be made in detail in carrying out the Invention,
according to the purposes for which the same is required to be used.
When telescopic tubes or pipes are required to be used in connection with the
aforesaid apparatus, it is preferred to use with such tubes or pipes an india rubber
ring or rolling packing to form the joint between the tubes, similar to the rolling
piston above described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DRIVING GEAR OF TRICYCLES AND LIKE VEHICLES."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stephen Henry Saxby at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th May 1881.
STEPHEN HENRY SAXBY, Clerk, Master of Arts, Vicar of East Clevedon, in the
County of Somerset. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DRIVING GEAR OF TRICYCLES AND
LIKE VEHICLES."
Viz, that the band or chain for communicating motion from the crank is made
to pass over two cones, somewhat resembling the cone of a lathe, these cones being
placed opposite ways, so that the smaller or smallest circle of the one shall be over
against the larger or largest circle of the other, with the intent that by transferring
the band or chain from one pair of circles to another there shall be gain in power
or in speed as may be desired, any requisite slackening or tightening of the said
band or chain being effected by causing the bearing of the crank shaft to slide
within a frame under the control of a screw which passes through a bridge or stud
in the said frame, and is there regulated by two nuts.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Spink Swift at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th September 1881.
HENRY SPINK SWIFT, of Vine Cottage, Thurlow Hill, Thurlow Park Road,
Lower Norwood, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
ENGINES."
This Invention has for its object an improvement in the steam engine by
which the power will be materially increased by removing the necessity of the
exhausted or used steam having to be forced out from the cylinder into the
condenser or waste funnel through the same channel or passage by which it entered
the cylinder.
An ordinary steam cylinder fitted in the ordinary way for the admission of
steam, but having two openings of suitable form and size, one at each end of the
cylinder below the lid, but both in a line each with the other. Each of these
openings to be fitted with a slide valve also of suitable form and size, and shut in
by a steam chest of suitable form and size. Steam pressure to be admitted into
the steam chests through two or more small perforations in the steam cylinder, to
equalize the pressure on the before mentioned slide valves. Each of these slide
valves to be attached to a rod passing through the steam chests, which rod shall
be worked by an eccentric motion on the engine shaft, which motion shall be
contrary to the ordinary motion of the eccentric of the engine by each eccentric
motion being placed on the opposite sides of the engine shaft, cach of the before
mentioned steam chests to be fitted with an open passage opposite the opening in
the steam cylinder for the escape of the waste steam to be carried off into the
condenser or waste funnel, as the case may be.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Aspden Pickup Dickinson and Joseph
Crook at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th October
1881.
ASPDEN PICKUP DICKINSON, Machine Maker, and JOSEPH CROOK, Power Loom
Overlooker, both of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
This Invention relates to improved apparatus for operating the picking sticks of
under pick looms, by the use of which improved apparatus the parts employed are
simplified and less costly than heretofore.
According to this our Invention we employ a cross shaft having inclined or
tappet surfaces, so that when at each revolution of the tappet shaft the tappets
thereon act upon the tappet or inclined surfaces referred to, and impart to the shaft
carrying the same a partial rotation in its bearings, this gives motion by levers
and connections to the picking stick or apparatus connected with the actual
picker.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Josiah Robertson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th July 1881.
JOSIAH ROBERTSON, of No. 6, St. Margaret's Terrace, High Road, Kilburn, in the
County of Middlesex. IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOTS AND SHOES."
"
According to my present Invention I insert into the upper of a boot or shoe
over the instep and joints of the foot a piece of elastic webbing, and covering this
is a flap of leather attached to or forming part of the upper on one side and secured
on the other side by means of buttons entering button holes on the flap, such
button holes being of such length as to allow a certain amount of play for the
buttons therein.
By this construction the boot or shoe, while presenting the ordinary appearance
of a button boot or shoe, affords a freedom of expansion over the instep and joints
due to the elastic webbing, the play of the buttons in the button holes allowing of
such expansion.
In some cases, instead of or in addition to allowing the buttons a certain amount
of play in the button holes, the buttons may be attached to the upper by pieces of
elastic cord, so as to yield somewhat as the boot expauds as above described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND IN APPARATUS FOR COOKING AND DISHING UP MEAT, FISH, AND VEGETABLES."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hall at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th April 1881.
"6
JOHN HALL, of Kensington, in the County of Middlesex. IMPROVEMENTS
IN AND IN APPARATUS FOR COOKING AND DISHING UP MEAT, FISH, AND
VEGETABLES."
My Invention relates to a mode of and to an apparatus or device for use in
boiling or cooking and dishing up meat, fish, and vegetables, whereby all the natural
juices and flavor of the food are retained instead of being boiled out into the water,
and the food may be taken from the kettle or saucepan, and served up without
being handled or disturbed.
The device consists of a perforated slab or tray of oval or other form, to correspond
to the shape of the kettle or saucepan, and of the dish on which the fish or other
food is to be served, and provided with a flange at the underside to raise it from the
bottom of the vessel in which it stands, and with handles to enable it to be raised
thereout and transferred from the cooking vessel to the dish. This tray is
preferably made of glazed china or earthenware, decorated to match the dinner
service, but it may be made of any "other suitable material. Instead of immersing
the food in water, as in the ordinary mode of boiling, it is cooked in an atmosphere
of steam generated from a small quantity of water at the bottom of the kettle, the
tray being supported above the surface of this water, so that the fish or other food
shall not be immersed therein. The food is thus boiled or cooked in its own
naturally contained juices. When the cooking is complete, the tray is removed
from the kettle and placed on a dish, the food being served up on the tray
itself.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HOPPERS OR WAGGONS EMPLOYED IN HEATING OVENS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Redgate, of the Town and County of the Town
66
of Nottingham, for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN HOPPERS OR
WAGGONS EMPLOYED IN HEATING OVENS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Redgate in at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd March 1881.
JOHN REDGATE, of the Town and County of the Town of Nottingham.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HOPPERS OR WAGGONS EMPLOYED IN HEATING OVENS."
I form a hopper or waggon to contain the fuel constructed as follows:-The
bottom consists of a metal frame to which the sides and ends are attached, each of
which are perforated; the bottom is formed to receive fire bars so as to be capable
of renewal; the sides and ends I line with fire-brick; the bottom is provided with
a perforation, the sides of which are capable of being connected to a flue or pipe of
the usual construction; the fire-brick lining is of blocks, each of which can be
removed when damaged by the fire and be replaced by a new block; a hopper
or waggon constructed as above described lasts considerably longer than those
heretofore constructed, and expense is saved in renewal.

page_text: Witness,
H. W. GOUGH, C. E.,
Nottingham.
JOHN REDGATE. (L.S.)
AN IMPROVED COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION FOR POLISHING ARTICLES OF FURNITURE, METAL, OR OTHER MATERIAL
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Moore at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th July 1881.
WILLIAM MOORE, of Lyminge, in the County of Kent. "AN IMPROVED COMPOUND
OR COMPOSITION FOR POLISHING ARTICLES OF FURNITURE, METAL, OR OTHER
MATERIAL."
My Invention has for its object the production of a cheap and effective medium
for imparting a superior polish to articles of furniture, metal, or other articles or
goods.
In carrying it out I take any desirable quantity of linseed oil, or oil possessing
similar chemical properties, and combine with it half the quantity (or thereabouts)
of methylated or the like spirit. The compound should be agitated so as to be
thoroughly mixed when it may be applied with a sponge, rag, or brush, or in
.other suitable manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR MECHANISM FOR LIFTING OR DIGGING POTATOES OR OTHER ROOT CROPS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Anderson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st September 1881.
JAMES ANDERSON, of Monifieth, in the County of Forfar, North Britain.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR MECHANISM FOR LIFTING OR DIGGING
POTATOES OR OTHER ROOT CROPS."
This Invention which relates to improvements in the construction and arrange-
ment of apparatus or mechanism for lifting or digging potatoes or other root
crops, has for its chief object to remove the crop from the ground with less
tendency to injure it, and with greater tendency to do the work continuously, and
whereby the speed of the lifting parts may be accelerated to operate more
efficiently than in apparatus or mechanism of this kind hitherto adopted.
In carrying this Invention into practice the reel or part of the machine which
throws out or breaks up the drill is made of india rubber, or the striking or
lifting part of it may be covered with india rubber or other equivalent soft or
elastic substance, so that on striking or digging the crop the tendency to blemish
the crop is diminished.
The "hake" guard or guide attached to the machine for retaining the potatoes
or other root crops within any limited space when thrown out by the reel is
also constructed of india rubber, or covered either wholly or partly with india
rubber or with an equivalent soft or elastic material. This hake guard or guide
is sparred either with round spars or with spars of any other shape.
The main wheels of the apparatus or mechanism are constructed with angular
spuds, either zig zag or parallel to each other, but continuous and arranged so
that the machine can be drawn on a roadway without jerk, the machine being
always borne up by the spuds.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PHANTASMAGORIA OR MAGIC LANTERNS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Powley Alexander at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th February 1881.
A communication from abroad by Arthur-Leon Laverne, of Paris, in the
Republic of France.
EDWIN POWLEY ALEXANDER, of 14 and 36, Southampton Buildings, in the
County of Middlesex, Consulting Engineer, and British and Foreign Patent Agent.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PHANTASMAGORIA OR MAGIC LANTERNS." A communication
from abroad by Arthur-Leon Laverne, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction and arrangement of
certain parts of phantasmagoria or magic lanterns, and consists partly in making
the slotted cap or diaphragm which serves to regulate the flame and fits over the
burner of the lamp of such a form as will best resist all tendency to distortion or
deformation, which would be liable to impair the light giving quality of the flame.
With this object it is proposed to construct the said diaphragm partly in the form
of a truncated cone and partly of a segment of a sphere, the sides being a truncated
cone, and the top, or that part in which the slot or opening for the passage of the
flame is made, being a segment of a sphere or slightly domed shaped, these two
forms combined affording the greatest strength and offering the greatest resistance
to deformation. It is further proposed, with a view to obtaining the greatest
amount of light from a given sized lamp, to dispose the wick or wicks at a
horizontal angle with the longitudinal axis of the lamp, such angle being any
intermediate angle between a right angle and a position parallel to the longitudinal
horizontal axis. This peculiar arrangement of the burner enables the greatest
possible number of rays to be reflected onto the field of the lantern, as the wicks
present a much wider light giving surface to the reflector than when placed edge-
wise thereto. A further advantage is also obtained by this arrangement of the
wicks, namely, the obviating the production on the screen of images or spectres in
the form of rings or of stripes or streaks, alternately brilliant and obscure, corre-
sponding to the intervals which separate the wicks.
If desired the lamp may have a glass fixed thereto fitted in a holder, and will
in that case be introduced into the apparatus by means of a sliding guide which
will determine its exact position; the reflector will be placed behind the glass. This
arrangement permits of the wicks being placed at the desired angle, as already
described, either by sliding the lamp in its guides or by turning the same so as
to bring the wicks to the angle required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Leeming and Robert Wilkinson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th May 1881.
JOHN LEEMING, Machine Maker, and ROBERT WILKINSON, Overlooker, both of
Bradford, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
This Invention relates to improved apparatus by means of which the whole of
the heald shafts and warp threads may readily be brought into one plane, or
"levelled," for the purpose of affording greater facility for piecing up a broken
'end" or warp thread, and to improved apparatus for operating rotary shuttle
boxes.
८८
Apparatus for purpose of levelling constructed according to this our said
Invention is applicable to shedding engines and to the ordinary treadle and tappet
motions.
In construction of apparatus for purpose aforesaid we employ two cross rods or
bars, one above the other underneath the shedding levers or the tappet levers ;
these rods form the fulcrum of the said levers in their ordinary working, but
when the healds are to be "levelled" the cross rods or bars forming the fulcrum as
aforesaid are by means of slotted draw plate lever connections and a hand lever or
equivalents forced apart, whereon the fulcrum of the shedding levers is thrown
upon or renewed (for the time being) to the friction bowl of the said levers; or in
the case of the ordinary treadles the fulcrum is changed from its end to the friction
bowl, on which the treadle tappets work. The levers are now free to be levelled,
and that object is accomplished by the same movement of the hand lever referred
to. The treadle levers of ordinary construction are operated in like manner, or by
foot lever instead of hand lever.
The mechanism for operating the rotary shuttle box comprises a lever connected
to an arm or on a strap eccentric on the crank shaft; the other or fulcrum end of
the said lever is attached to a bracket or stay projecting from the box frame; the
rotation of the crank shaft imparts to the said lever a rising and falling and
reciprocating motion. In and projecting through the said lever are two studs or
pegs (which by acting peg or pattern motion) are caused alternately, according to
the change of shuttle referred to, protrude and enter a slot or engage with a pro-
jecting rib on a plate on the axis of the shuttle box, so that as one pin engages

page_text: with a slot on the right of (a central vertical line) of the box will make a partial
revolution to the left, and when the pin to the right is caused to engage so will the
box make a sufficient movement to the right to bring the next change of box into
position for its shuttle to cross the race.
It will be seen that by this Invention the means employed for giving rotation to
the box in its ordinary working is a positive motion, whatever the direction of the
working the loom, that is, if the motion of the loom be reversed the motion of the
box is also reversed positively.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE VALVES OF STEAM ENGINES TO BE USED IN PLACE OF SLIDE VALVES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Slatter at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th June 1881.
JOHN HENRY SLATTER, of Salford Priors, in the County of Warwick, Engineor.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE VALVES OF STEAM ENGINES TO BE USED IN PLACE OF
SLIDE VALVES,”
This Invention consists in forming valves of steam engines as a substitute for
the usual slide valves of two flat circular discs, the one disc being bored through
for the port holes and exhaust hole, the other disc bored through with a quadrant
shaped slot on one half, and sunk on the underside with a bell crank shaped
sinking through part of its thickness only. These two disc being connected by
a centre spindle, the action is to bring the quadrant shaped slot alternately over
each port hole, and the sunk part of the second disc always over the exhaust and
the port holes alternately in a reciprocating action. The reversing action is gained
by means of a slotted piece attached to the end of the spindle upon which the
discs are mounted. This slotted piece is worked either by means of a single
eccentric, its attachment being by an ordinary link motion, or it may be worked
off the cross head of the engine without an eccentric.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAWET &
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Tyzack, of the Firm of Joseph Tyzack and Son,
of Sheffield, in the County of York, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TRAWET &"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Tyzack at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th October 1881.
THOMAS TYZACK, of the Firm of Joseph Tyzack and Son, of Sheffield, in tho
County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TROWELS."
My Invention consists of improvements in trowels.
Plasterers' trowels at present used have the hang or tang made straight and
narrow, which causes abrasion of the skin of the finger by pressure against it, and
further the grip of the handle is weakened. In order to avoid these defects I
construct the upright part of the tang or handle of the trowel of greater width,
and of such shape than when the handle of the trowel is grasped by the hand the
finger next the upright lies in a recess formed thereon, and thus the liability of
abrasion of the finger is avoided and a better grip is obtained.
For trowels such as are used by bricklayers, the cap on the handle is formed.
with triangular, square, oblong, or polygonal base, and this coming against the end
that receives the tang will give greater strength, and also prevent the tang
becoming loose, as is the case with the present caps which are circular at the end."

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Thomas Tyzack in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 6th April
1882.
THOMAS TYZACK, of the Firm of Joseph Tyzack and Son, of Sheffield, in the
County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TROWELS."
My Invention consists of improvements in trowels. Plasterers' trowels at present
used have the hang or tang made straight and narrow, which causes abrasion of
the skin of the finger by pressure against it, and further the grip of the handle is
weakened.
In order to avoid these defects I construct the upright part of the tang or handle
of the trowel of greater width and of such shape than when the handle of the
trowel is grasped by the hand the finger next the upright lies in a recess or
curvature formed therein, and thus the liability of abrasion of the finger is avoided
and a better grip is obtained. For trowels such as are used by bricklayers, the
cap on the handle is formed with triangular, square, oblong, or polygonal base,
and this coming against the end that receives the tang will give greater strength,
and also prevent the tang becoming loose, as is the case with the present caps
which are circular at the end.
Having thus far described the nature of the said Invention, I will now proceed
by reference to the accompanying Drawings to further and particularly describe and
ascertain in what manner the same is to be performed or carried out in practice.
Witness,
GEORGE SANDERSON,
B. 45, Dorset Street,
Sheffield.
THOMAS TYZACK. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WHEELS OR PULLEYS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Fraser Brodie at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th September 1881.
CHARLES FRASER BRODIE, of the City and County of Aberdeen, North-Britain.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WHEELS OR PULLEYS."
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of wheels or
pulleys for carrying and running on wire ropes, or for transmitting power or
motion thereby, and which are designed to enable the wearing parts of such wheels
to be easily renewed without removal of the entire wheels from their revolving and
carrying shafts, while also reducing the wear of the wire ropes.
The improved wheels or pulleys are constructed with removable rims or tyres
which are made of soft cast iron, and are secured by means of bolts and nuts to the
central disc, boss, or usual web and arms, either as complete rims or in segments.
The central boss or disc is by preference made of malleable cast-iron or of steel,
and is secured by a key or keys to the revolving shaft or carrying spindle. The
rim of the wheel, being of comparatively soft material, does not wear the wire rope
to the usual extent, and when it is worn out by the action of the rope the rim is
easily removed by loosening the bolts and nuts, and is replaced by a new one. In
this way it is not necessary to remove the whole wheel and disturb the keys, which
would be liable to work loose and cause the wheels to come off.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR PURIFYING THE SMOKE FROM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES OR FIRES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Owen Bulmer and William Stones
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th February 1881.
OWEN BULMER, of Marsden, and WILLIAM STONES, of Leeds, both in the
County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR
PURIFYING THE SMOKE FROM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES OR FIRES."
Our Invention refers to means or apparatus for purifying the smoke from boiler
and other furnaces or fires prior to its passing from the chimney into the open air,
thus retaining the atmosphere in a purer state, and for this purpose we provide a
tank of water which is placed between the fire or furnace and chimney, or, when
preferred, as near as convenient to the bottom of the chimney.
Above the tank is fixed an arrangement of perforated pipes, plates, or grating,.
from or through which a continuous shower, spray, or dropping of water takes
place, which falls into the tank below. A suitable space is provided between the
perforated pipe, plate, or grating, and the tank, through which the smoke passes
previous to going up the chimney, which whilst passing through the shower, spray,
or dropping of water is relieved thereby of its impurities, these being thrown down
into the water contained in the tank.
The water which is used for the shower, spray, or dropping, is pumped or
supplied from the tank below, is used over and over again, and changed whenever
required, that is, when it is thoroughly impregnated with the impurities from the
smoke.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR AUTO- MATICALLY REGULATING THE SPEED OF MARINE ENGINES AND THEIR SCREW PROPELLORS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ralph John Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th January 1881.
RALPH JOHN SMITH, Engineer to Messieurs D. G. Pinkney & Sons, of
Sunderland, in the County of Durham. "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR AUTO-
MATICALLY REGULATING THE SPEED OF MARINE ENGINES AND THEIR SCREW
PROPELLORS."
The object of my Invention is to arrange an apparatus in connection with a
marine engine working a screw propeller, that an autómatic regulation of speed of
the propeller is ensured, whether the propeller is immersed or otherwise, from the
motion of the vessel.
The Invention consists essentially of a pendulum or balance working from a
true centre to actuate the valve of the atmospheric or steam cylinder. The
pendulum is fitted to move said valve, to close or partially close the port of the
atmospheric or steam cylinder when the stern of the vessel lifts, and by a reverse
movement to open another port to the desired extent as the screw becomes again
immersed.
According to one method of carrying my Invention into effect,
The valve of the atmospheric or steam cylinder is held in a fixed position by a
balance weight suspended from a true centre, and the governor is fixed in a fore
and aft position in the engine room; and when the vessel lifts her stern to any
angle to which the governor is regulated, the port on the cylinder is opened to the
condenser or steam which forces the piston forward and shuts the throttle valve;
and when the vessel returns to her former position the other port opens and the
piston returns and opens the throttle valve. The whole is actuated by the motion
of the vessel, and the balance weight being suspended from a centre keeps the
valve of the small cylinder in any one position, and can be regulated to open and
shut the valve sooner or later as may be required for steamers when either light or
laden.
If the valve operated by the pendulum or balance weight be the valve of the
atmospheric cylinder, the governor can be worked from the condenser.
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE TENSION OF FABRICS DURING BLEACHING, DYEING, PRINTING, WASHING, DRYING, AND OTHER OPERATIONS."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Birch at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th January 1881.
WILLIAM BIRCH, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE TENSION OF FABRICS DURING
BLEACHING, DYEING, PRINTING, WASHING, DRYING, AND OTHER OPERATIONS."
In passing woven fabrics over a series of rollers it often happens that owing to
expansion and contraction and other causes the fabric becomes either too slack or
too tight. The object of my Invention is the construction of apparatus which will
obviate the difficulty described above and in the following manner:-Close and
parallel to the draw roller over which the fabric passes, and by which the fabric is
being propelled, I place a roller of small diameter, which I will call the regulating
roller, the centres of which are carried by levers centred upon or near the centres of
the draw roller and counterbalanced by weights or springs suitable to the desired
tension, and instead of passing the fabric direct from the draw roller to the next
friction roller or other support, I pass the fabric over the regulating roller above
described. Should the fabric become too slack the balanced lever will lift the
regulating roller, which will take up the slack of the fabric, and also diminish the lap
on the draw roller gradually to such an extent that the friction between the fabric
and the draw roller becomes insufficient for the draw roller to propel the fabric, thus
causing the draw roller to slip, and the fabric between the draw roller and the next
support will be gradually drawn tight again by the succeeding draw roller, the fabric
pressing down the regulating roller against the pressure of the balanced levers, thus
restoring the previous amount of lap on the draw roller necessary for the forward
movement of the fabric. To prevent the fabric running too tight I decrease the
surface speed of the last or of each succeeding draw roller slightly, either by decreasing
the number of revolutions or the diameter. To keep the fabric in a central position
on the rollers, I apply the governor or angular guide described in my previous
Specifications No. 2610, of 1870; No. 84, of 1877; and No. 4368, of 1877.
A PREPARATION OR COMPOSITION FOR RENDERING WRITING PAPER INK ABSORBENT
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Detmold at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st November 1881.
EDWARD DETMOLD, of Acacia Villas, 97, Upper Richmond Road, Putney, in the
County of Surrey, Gentleman. "A PREPARATION OR COMPOSITION FOR RENDERING
WRITING PAPER INK ABSORBENT."
This Invention relates to a preparation or composition for treating writing paper
so that it shall possess the property of absorbing ink immediately on its reception
from the pen by which the ink is conveyed. Being so absorbed no wet portion of
the ink is left upon the surface of the paper, and the use of blotting material is
rendered unnecessary.
I propose to apply the composition to all kinds of paper on which words or
figures are ordinarily written.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC APPARATUS FOR AUTOMATICALLY GIVING ALARMS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Linington Rastrick at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th July 1881.
JOSEPH LININGTON RASTRICK, of 20, St. Paul's Road, Camden Town, N.W.,
in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC APPARATUS FOR
AUTOMATICALLY GIVING ALARMS."
My improvement consists in utilizing the expanding or contracting properties of
metals, fluids, air, and gases, also the buoyancy and contracting action of fluids in
connection with an electric battery to give notice by an alarum when there is an
excess of or reduction of pressure, bigh or reduced temperature, or an excess of
fluid in mines, ships' holds, boilers, buildings, or where an alarum is necessary.
In carrying out my Invention for purposes above described, I use a vessel of any
required shape or size made of any suitable material to be made air tight, containing
gases or fluids acted on by the external temperature or pressure causing expansion
or contraction, so connecting the negative and positive fluid or currents, and the
same result can also be obtained by any material of an expansive nature that are
aided by a conductor of eléctricity, to unite the two currents of an electric battery
to work an alarum. The means by which the circuit is made in case of ships'
holds, mines, or any receptacle where it is necessary to give notice of rise and fall
of liquids, consists of a tube or chamber communicating with the fluid, having
inside a float of any required shape or material, which on the rise or fall of liquids,
as may be desired, completes the circuit and works the alarum; the same result
may be obtained by a piston acted on by compression from below or above as the
fluid increases or lessens in bulk.
In addition to the above purposes it may be utilized for railway signalling by
the action of steam on a disc or drum so as to complete the circuit of an electric
battery as above described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE GLASS HOLDERS OF GASELIERS AND LAMPS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry William Sambidge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th August 1881.
HENRY WILLIAM SAMBIDGE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE GLASS HOLDERS OF GASELIERS AND
LAMPS."
This Invention consists in constructing the glassholders of gaseliers and lamps
so that the glass is safely retained from falling out in whatsoever position it is
held without loose clips, springs, or screws, and merely by the form of the arms of
the holder and the angle of the parts. This will be clearly seen in the annexed
diagram, representing one of the holders in which the glass rests between the
parts a, b. Two of the arms are provided with long clips at (a), and the third
arm with a shorter one (c). This form of holder will admit of the glass being
held suspended if required, and the glass can only be displaced or removed by
lifting with the hand.