IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER AND OTHER BAGS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Nichols, of Ashford, in the County of Kent, Paper
Bag Manufacturer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER AND OTHER BAGS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Nichols at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th June 1880.
JAMES NICHOLS, of Ashford, in the County of Kent, Paper Bag Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
AND OTHER BAGS."
This Invention consists of improvements in machinery or apparatus for the
manufacture of paper and other bags.
Paper bags are frequently manufactured from a continuous web of paper, but
these are generally made with a seam up the centre of the bag and a seam
across the bottom.
.
My Invention consists, first, in an arrangement of mechanism which makes a bag.
with seams on each side (inside of bag), and no scam whatever at the bottom of
bag, and is constructed as follows:-
A roll of paper is mounted in suitable bearings above two friction rolls, over
which it is drawn in a continuous sheet, by means of iron cylinder rolls; but
before passing under the two large wheels which are used for giving the width of
the bag it is pasted on each edge of the paper by means of wheels rotating in a
trough of paste intermittently..
The paper then passes under the two large wheels as aforesaid, and is drawn
under a particular and suitably shaped template, with guides at each side, which
folds the edges of each side of the paper that has been pasted intermittently, and
thus forms a seam.
The paper then passes under two draw cylinders and over another cylinder with
draw-wheels-on-top-that-keeps-the-paper in its place, and as it passes over the said
cylinder it is again pasted by means of wheels rotating in a trough of paste on the
seams that have been already formed.

page_text: The paper passes on under another pair of cylinders, the top one of which has a
saw. like knife inserted in it, and the bottom one a hollow slot, and as they revolve
the knife comes in contact with the paper, which presses into the hollow slot, thus
severing the paper into the desired length.
The paper then passes on over two horizontal rollers, between which a blade
descends and doubles the paper which forms the bag, and the said rollers rotating
carries it through them, which is delivered by means of another pair of rolls into a
box, thus completing the bag.
It is obvious that this Invention is also applicable to the manufacture of linen
bags and bags made of other suitable materials.
When such bags are required to be printed, each bag on being delivered, finished
as a bag, from the rolls last mentioned, passes through and over an arrangement of
printing and other cylinders which are supplied with the ordinary printing and
inking appliances.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said James Nichols in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 18th
December 1880..
"E
_JAMES NICHOLS, of Ashford, in the County of Kent, Paper Bag Manufacturer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
AND OTHER BAGS."
The object of my said Invention is the making of paper and other bags in a neat
and improved manner. Such improved bags are made from a continuous roll of
paper or other requisite material by the improved machinery herein after described,
whereby the material is continuously taken off the roll, pasted or otherwise prepared
with adhesive material, cut and discharged complete for use; and also (if
required) printed before discharging as finished, such operations being performed
automatically, efficiently, and expeditiously.
The improvement in the bags consists in forming them with seams at the sides,
which seams are turned inwards, and without any seam at the bottom, thus
improving their general appearance and neatness.
The improvements in the said machinery consist of a suitably mounted roll of
material; creasing wheels; rollers with an intermittent motion for pasting the
seams; curling guides or folders; rollers for continuous pasting, and rollers for
finishing and sovering the completed bag, all such machinery being adjustable to
suit the width and length of bag required.
In the accompanying Drawings Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation;
Figuro 2 is a side clovation; Figure 3 is a plan, and Figures 4 and 5 are cnd
elevations. Figures 6 and 7 on Sheet 2 shew respectively the template guide for
controlling the width of the bag and the curling guides or folders. Figure 8 shews
a section of the bag when completed.
In all of these Figures similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts
The roll of paper A is mounted at one end of the machine on a spindle working
in suitable bearings, the friction of which may be increased at will by tightening
down the cap to give the proper amount of tension to the paper and prevent its
overrunning the draw rolls B, C.
The paper as it leaves the roll passes under and over respectively two rolls D, E,
where it is pasted intermittently on each edge to the extent of the length of the
bag to be made; this is effected by suitable and adjustable elastic wheels F, F,
revolving in a trough G filled with paste or other adhesive medium, and actuated
by a cam H fixed on the spindle on which the severing knife revolves and by
suitable levers I, I.
The paper after being thus pasted intermittently to the extent of the length of
the bag, and a corresponding length unpasted is drawn under a pair of large
creasing wheels J, J, which are adjustable to the width of the bag required; it then
passes under a particular shaped template (marked K on Sheet and Figuro 6 on
Sheet 2) suitable to the width of the bag, and curling guides or folders (marked L
on Sheet 1 and Fig. 7 on Sheet 2), which complete the turning or folding of the
edges of the paper and thus forms the portion of the seam. It is then drawn by
the rolls B, C, and C under the former and over the latter, the folded edges or
scams in its transit being continuously pasted by two suitable elastic wheels M, M,
adjustable to the width of the bag and revolving in a trough N filled with
paste or other adhesive material, this being evenly spread by means of two
brushes O, O.
In passing over the roll the paper is held firmly in position by two draw
rolls P, P, which are adjustable on the spindle and are fixed to revolvo between the
two pasted seams, in which state it is drawn between the rolls Q and R.

page_text: The length of the roll Q is such that it revolves between the two pasted seams,
and its diameter is determined by the length of the bag to be made. A saw-shaped
blade or knife S is fixed on and projects beyond its periphery, and extends at cach
end of the roll to the full width of the bag.
The roll R is longer than the width of the bag, and is grooved or slotted from end
to end to receive the aforesaid knife S in its cavity; by this means the paper is
severed to the desired length for the final folding of the bag and junction of the
pasted seams, which is thus performed:-
At the moment of severance the paper to about the length of the bag has passed
over the two rolls T, T, when a vertical plato U is caused to descend on the paper
and press it between the said rolls sufficiently far for the rolls to grip and press
together the pasted seams and so form the bag, which in its now finished stato
passes between two other rolls T', T', and by means of suitable tapes V, V, passing
over guiding rolls is either delivered at once or carried by a modification of the tape
arrangement between a plate and distribution cylinder W and an impression
cylinder X to be printed before being delivered.
The vertical plato U is actuated by a cam Y fixed on the spindle carrying the
roll R by suitable levers, racks, and segments Z, Z, Z.
The paper or other material is taken from the roll, as herein before described,
and its passage to the finished bag is shewn by dotted lines. When it is
desired to print the bags they are made to travel in the manner indicated by
arrows in the Drawing.
The frame work a, a, a, of this machine is of cast iron, suitably formed to receive
the various cylinders, rolls, &c., necessary for the production of the many sizes of
bags required, and tho ready adjustment of the same by means of scrows b, b, b,
acting on the bearing blocks of brass c, c, c, which are made to work easily but
without side play in their several slots or guides.
The machine is driven by a belt on the pulley d keyed to tho main spindle c, on
which is fixed a spur wheelf which communicates motion (by spur gear of diameters
suitable to the size of the bag to be made) to rolls, &c., B, C, M, C, P, Q, and R.
The rollers T, T, and T2, T3, are driven by cords or belts through two grooved
wheels 7 and 93 keyed to the main shaft e; g being larger in diameter propels the
rolls T, T, at a higher velocity than T, T, thus preventing the possibility of the
latter over-running the former.
When such bags are required to be printed each bag on being delivered, finished
as a bag, from the rolls last mentioned, passes through and over an arrangement of
printing and other cylinders, which are supplied with the ordinary printing and
inking appliances, and which are respectively shewn on the Drawings for the sake
of illustration only.
The printing rolls are propelled by a spur wheel h, similar to f, but at the other
end of the spindle, and is arranged to be thrown in or out of gear, as the printing
may or may not be wanted; the motion of this spur wheel is cominunicated to
the distribution and impression cylinders by a train of spur wheels proper for the
size of the bag to be made.
The distribution of the ink on the type or plate and the printing generally is
accomplished in a manner similar to the generality of cylindrical printing machines,
and therefore requires no special description, and, to prevent as far as possible any
seeming complication in the Drawings, is omitted in all the Figures except 1
and 2.
The spur wheels i, j, k, are idlo or dead wheels serving to convey the motion
from one set of rolls to another.
The spur wheel & is the smallest of a set of change wheels introduced to alter the
speed of the printing rolls to suit the size of the bag.
It is obvious that this Invention is also applicable to the manufacture of bags
made of linen or any other suitable inaterial.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of this my said
Invention, together with the best methods with which I am at this present time

page_text: acquainted for carrying the same into practical effect, I wish it to be understood
that I do not confine myself to the precise details, proportions, or dimensions of the
various parts of the mechanism herein before described and illustrated in the
accompanying Drawings, as the same may be considerably modified and varied
without departing from the Invention, but what I claim is,―
First. The general construction and arrangement of mechanism for the
manufacture of improved paper and other bags from a continuous roll of paper or
other material, substantially as herein before described and illustrated on the
accompanying Drawings.
Secondly. The method of and apparatus for pasting the two longitudinal edges
intermittently before the folding takes place, and the folding of the edges to
form the seam, substantially as herein before described and illustrated on the
accompanying Drawings.
Thirdly. The template and curling guides, herein before described and particularly
illustrated on Sheet 2, Figures 6 and 7.
Fourthly. The method of and apparatus for pasting the folded edges continuously
and the severing of the paper thus treated into the desired length, as herein before
described and illustrated on the accompanying Drawings.
Fifthly. The method of and apparatus for folding the paper in the middle, so as
to bring the pasted seams together and so completing the formation of the bag, and
passing it forth with between the printing rolls and delivering it by means of
suitable tapes, substantially as herein beforo described and illustrated on the
accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Nichols, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Sixteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord Ono
thousand eight hundred and eighty.
JAMES NICHOLS. (LS.)