IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO-MAGNETIC MOTORS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Lyle Nelson and Isaac Edward Anderson, both
of the City and State of New York, United States of America, but
temporarily residing in Cecil Street, Strand, in the County of
Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO-MAGNETIC
MOTORS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER
PURPOSES." -A communication from abroad by Henry M. Paine and
Edwin L. Paine, both of New Jersey, in the United States of
America
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Lyle Nelson and
Isaac Edward Anderson at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 3rd June 1875.
We, LYLE NELSON and ISAAC EDWARD ANDERSON, both of the City
and State of New York, United States of America, but temporarily
residing in Cecil Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO-
MAGNETIC MOTORS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER

page_text: PURPOSES," (a communication to us from abroad by Henry M. Paine and
Edwin L. Paine, both of New Jersey, in the United States of America),
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in electro-magnetic
motors, parts of which improvements are applicable also to other
purposes.
The first part of the Invention relates to the construction of a battery
of great quantity, in a small compass, constancy of action, and per-
manency of position. To accomplish these desirable results carbon is
used in a porous cell, and zinc comminuted by being thrown into water
while in a molten state is packed around the porous cell in the cistern,
the zinc having been first amalgamated by being immersed in a
Ruhmkorff solution of mercury. The porous cell is then charged with
sulphuric acid and the cistern filled with water. The superior gravity of
the acid causes it to percolate through the pores of the cell under
conditions which ensure stronger solution at the bottom of the cistern
than elsewhere, and hence there will be the most rapid combustion of
zinc, and consequently the greatest formation of salts. In order to drain
off these salts without disturbing the working of the battery a tube is
passed down to the bottom of the cistern and around the porous cell,
that portion of the tube around the porous cell being perforated with
small holes. When the salts begin to indicate their presence and before
they crystallize they are drawn out by means of an exhaust pump
attached to the tube, the superincumbent fluid taking their place,
and an equal quantity of water being added the level in the cistern is
maintained.
The second part of the Invention relates to an improved method
of constructing the limbs of electro-magnets, an improved method of
transmitting the electrical currents around the limbs which ensures
synchronous polarization, and a modification of the armature whereby
an increased number of attractive pulsations are acquired.
Instead of making the limbs in a solid piece a number of plates are
combined forming compound limbs of the required breadth. Two such
limbs are set on one common shaft under such conditions that the poles
of the one limb shall be the opposite pole of the corresponding end of
the other limb. The wires are wound around the limbs to the right and
left respectively in separate coils, the non-insulated end of each wire

page_text: being secured to its limb, while the two opposite ends of the two coils
connect in one common union with an insulated conductor which passes
through and out of the shaft. Magnets constructed in sections have not
only a greater sensitiveness to engage and disengage magnetism, but
they are more cheaply constructed.
If one pole of the battery be attached to the binding post and the
other pole to the conductor, the current will move, not around one limb
and then the other, as in the usual mode of operating, but will simul-
taneously pass around each limb, and thus secure as before stated a
synchronous polarization of the limbs.
It is well known that in all rotatory electro-motors whatever may be
the length of the pull of a magnet there is a pulsative action which
greatly exceeds the general pull at the moment the edge of the magnet
passes the edge of the armature, we therefore avail ourselves of this fact
to increase the duty of the magnet by constructing the armature with a
groove or grooves made parallel to the armature's axis.
The third part of the Invention relates to an improved method of
controlling the speed of electro-motors, and has particular reference to
the operating of sewing machines and other mechanism remote from
the battery or motor, and consists in winding on a bobbin two or more
coils of different lengths or electrical resistances. This bobbin is placed
in the circuit convenient to the hand of the operator, and the flow of
the current modified by turning the bobbin on its axis so as to bring
coils of different lengths or electrical resistances into the circuit. On
one end of the bobbin there is a metal plate which is secured to the axis,
and the ends of all the coils are secured to this plate. The opposite
ends of these coils are secured to separate metal sectors.
One post
binder connects with the axis through the frame, and another post
binder connects with the metal sectors by means of a spring connexion.
It will be evident that the improved battery, magnet, and rheostat
above described may be used together or otherwise.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Lyle Nelson and Isaac Edward Anderson in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 3rd December 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, LYLE
NELSON and ISAAC EDWARD ANDERSON, both of the City and State of
New York, United States of America, but the said Lyle Nelson, now
(and the said Isaac Edward Anderson, lately) temporarily residing in
Cecil Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her.
Letters Patent, bearing date the Third day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Lyle Nelson and Isaac Edward
Anderson, Her special license that we, the said Lyle Nelson and
Isaac Edward Anderson, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said Lyle Nelson and Isaac Edward Anderson,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO-MAGNETIC MOTORS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS
ARE APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER PURPOSES," (a communication to us from
abroad by Henry M. Paine and Edwin L. Paine, both of New Jersey,
in the United States of America), upon the condition (amongst others)
that we, the said Lyle Nelson and Isaac Edward Anderson, our
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our
or their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us or
them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Lyle Nelson, for myself and on
behalf of the said Isaac Edward Anderson, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,

page_text: to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, and the Sheet of Drawings therein referred to (that is
to say:)-
This Invention has for its object improvements in electro-magnetic
motors, parts of which improvements are applicable also to other
purposes.
The first part of the Invention relates to the construction of a battery
of great quantity, in a small compass, constancy of action, and per-
manency of position.
The second part of the Invention relates to an improved method of
constructing the limbs of electro-magnets, an improved method of
transmitting the electrical currents around the limbs which ensures
synchronous polarization, and a modification of the armature whereby
an increased number of attractive pulsations are acquired.
The third part of the Invention relates to an improved method of
controlling the speed of electro-motors, and has particular reference to
the operating of sewing machines and other mechanism remote from the
battery or motor.
Fig. 1 of the Drawings shews in side elevation and partly in section
portions of an apparatus embodying our several improvements. In this
view the shell (M) of the rheostat is broken away to shew section of
bobbin o, o, (which should be of wood or other non-conducting material),
axis t, and coils q, r. The view also shews the construction of the
magnet limbs and the method of transmitting the electrical currents.
As the description refers more particularly to the application of the
improvements to rotatory movements, the Drawing may in so far as
concerns the electro-magnets be considered as shewing a section only of
a whole.
Fig. 2 is an end view shewing the magnet F and armature L in
working position.
Fig. 3 is a sectional end view of the rheostat.
and
To accomplish the desirable results herein-before mentioned in
reference to the battery we use carbon A in a porous cell B,
zinc C comminuted by being thrown into water while in a molten state
is packed around the porous cell in the cistern D, the zinc having been

page_text: first amalgamated by being immersed in a Rhumkorff solution of
mercury. The porous cell is then charged with sulphuric acid and the
cistern filled with water. The superior gravity of the acid causes it to
percolate through the pores of the cell under conditions which ensure
stronger solution at the bottom of the cistern than elsewhere, and hence
there will be the most rapid combustion of zinc, and consequently the
greatest formation of salts. In order to drain off these salts without
disturbing the working of the battery, we pass a tube E down to the
bottom of the cistern and around the porous cell, that portion of the
tube around the porous cell being perforated with small holes a, a, a.
When the salts begin to indicate their presence and before they
crystallize, they are drawn out by means of an exhaust pump attached
to the tube E; the superincumbent fluid taking their place, and an equal
quantity of water being added the level in the cistern is maintained.
Instead of making the limbs F, F, of the magnets in a solid piece we
combine a number of plates b, b, b, b, b, (Fig. 1), till the required
breadth of limb is attained. Two such limbs F, F¹, are set on one
common shaft G, under such conditions that the poles c of the limb F"
shall be the opposite pole of d of the limb F¹. The non-insulated end
of the wire e is secured to the limb F and wound to the left around the
limb, and the non-insulated end of the wire f is secured to the limb F
and wound to the right, while the two opposite ends of the two coils
connect in one common union at with an insulated conductor H
which passes through the shaft at h and out of the shaft at I. Magnets
constructed in sections have not only a greater sensitiveness to engage
and disengage magnetism, but they are more cheaply constructed.
If one pole of the battery be attached to the binding post K and the
other pole to the conductor I, it will be seen that the current will
move, not around one limb and then the other as in the usual mode
of operating, but will simultaneously pass around each limb, and thus a
secure as before stated a synchronous polarization of the limbs.
It is well known that in all rotatory electro-motors whatever may be
the length of the pull of the magnet, there is a pulsative action which
greatly exceeds the general pull at the moment the edge of the magnet
passes the edge of the armature; we therefore avail ourselves of this a
fact to increase the duty of the magnet by constructing the armature L
(Fig. 2) with a groove or grooves made parallel to the armature's axis.

page_text: The pulsation at n is not so strong as at m, but is very superior to the
pull of the magnet at that point without the groove.
Our improved method of controlling the speed of electro-motors
consists in winding on a bobbin two or more coils of different lengths or
electrical resistances. This bobbin is placed in the circuit convenient
to the hand of the operator, and the flow of the current modified by
turning the bobbin on its axis so as to bring coils of different lengths or
electrical resistance into the circuit. On one end of the bobbin there is
a metal plate & which is secured to the axis t, and the ends of all the
coils u, v, are secured to this plate. The opposite ends w, x, of the coils
are secured to separate metal sectors n¹, n², n³, shewn in end view, Fig 3.
The post binder N (Fig. 1) connects with the axis t through the
frame P, and the post binder Q (Figs. 1 and 3) connects with the
sectors n', n³, n³, by means of the spring connexion R.
If n¹ be the terminal of the longest coil on the bobbin, the lowest rate
of speed will obtain when the spring R is in contact with n', and the
highest rate will obtain when the sector n³ is turned under contact with
the spring R providing it represents the terminal of the shortest
circuit, and thus by turning the bobbin the speed is varied as may be
required