Improvements in and connected with Crank Shafts and Bearings, adapted for Cycles and like purposes.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Nov., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 17th Apr., 1895-Accepted, 22nd June, 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Crank Shafts and Bearings,
adapted for Cycles and like purposes.
I ALBERT AUGUSTUS POPE, Manufacturer of Cohasset, Norfolk County State
of Massachusetts United States of America do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to crank shafts and bearings such as are usually employed
in bicycles and like foot-driven vehicles, and the objects of this invention are
lightness, strength, simplicity of construction and ready detachableness of parts
and other advantages. In a structure embodying this invention the crank shaft
comprises two parts, and each of these two parts has a crank arm formed integrally
therewith or secured thereto. The two parts of the crank shaft are locked
together so as to be held together rotatively and a holding device is provided for
the parts of the crank shaft which permits the parts of the crank shaft to be
brought together or separated by rotation relatively to said holding device and
according to the entire invention this holding device itself constitutes or carries
the journals for the bearings of the crank shaft; and a power transmitting device
As a con-
is connected to said crank shaft independently of the holding device.
sequence of the separate connection of the power transmitting device to the crank
shaft and of the interlocking of the two parts of the crank shaft so that they are
compelled to rotate together power applied to either or both crank arms in either
direction is transmitted without causing rotative stress between the holding device
and either part of the crank shaft and without tending to separate the parts of
the crank shaft and the parts are firmly held together in the operation of the
machine and cannot be separated except by the intentional act of the operator. In
order thus to separate the parts the operator applies power to the holding device,
either to hold it while the two parts of the crank shaft are rotated or to rotate
the holding device itself, or otherwise to cause rotative movement relatively to
each other of the holding device and crank shaft, and by this relative rotation
the parts of the crank shaft may be readily separated and removed, or starting
with the parts separated they may be readily secured together in condition for
As a consequence of the construction in which the holding device constitutes
or carries the journals for the bearings of the crank shaft the separation and
removal of the parts of the crank shaft does not disturb the journals and bearings
of the crank shaft. According to my complete invention as it has been embodied
in bicycles, screw threaded portions are formed upon each part of the crank shaft,
a right hand thread on one part of the shaft and a left hand thread on the other
part of the shaft, and the holding device comprises a reversely threaded sleeve
having counterpart reverse threads engaging with the threaded portions of both
parts of the crank shaft, and the abutting ends of the crank shaft are shaped so
that they will interlock when brought together so as to be held together rotatively.
The power transmitting device comprises a wheel, usually a sprocket wheel,
secured upon
the crank shaft independently of the reversely threaded holding
sleeve, and the said sleeve is located within the bracket supporting the bearings of
the crank shaft and means are provided whereby this sleeve may be grasped by a
tool inserted through an opening in said bracket when it is desired to screw
together or unscrew the parts of the crank shaft.
use.

page_text: One of the important advantages attained in bicycles in a construction embodying
my entire invention is the narrowing of the tread. The heavy bosses usually
employed upon the cranks at the connection of the crank arms with the crank shaft
are not required in this improved construction, as the crank arms may be formed
integrally with the crank shaft and may be forged or otherwise shaped so as to
extend radially from the crank shaft with a sharp bend at the outer ends of the
parts of the crank shaft, and the only other part of the crank shaft outside of the
crank shaft bracket is the hub of the sprocket wheel, which hub may be made quite
narrow. In consequence of this construction the crank arms may be brought
together more closely and thus the tread narrowed. This is found to be an
important advantage as it brings the feet of the rider more closely together, thus
approximating more nearly the natural positions of the feet when walking, and
permitting the muscle power of the limbs of the rider to be exerted more directly
upon the pedals. Other advantages of this construction are the ready detachableness
of parts, and a material reduction in weight and a neater and more ornamental
appearance by reason of the omission of the usually large and heavy hubs of the
crank arms.
In accordance with my invention the journals and bearings are so constructed
that they may be readily opened or detached for cleaning and other purposes
and may be readily put together, and a simple and effective construction for
permitting the ready oiling of the bearings is provided.
The crank shaft bracket may consist of a tubular cylindrical casing having
enlarged ends internally threaded to receive end bearing rings, the enlarged ends
being split and provided with lugs through which are passed screws or which
may be adjustably held by other suitable holding and clamping devices whereby
the end bearing rings may be tightly clamped in desired position.
The crank shaft bracket is made in one piece with or brazed to the arms of
a bicycle frame. The end bearing rings are suitably shaped to form tracks or
races for the balls of the ball bearings of the crank shaft. The cones or ball tracks of
the crank shaft journals are formed upon a sleeve which constitutes the holding device
for the two parts of the crank shaft. This sleeve engages with the two parts
of the crank shaft by means of right and left screw threads formed upon it.
In a slight modification of this construction the journal ball tracks or cones
are formed upon short separate tubes which are pressed or driven upon the en.is
of the reversely threaded sleeve.
The oiling of the bearings is provided for by small openings through the upper
wall of the crank shaft bracket, these openings being covered by hinged or
removable caps, and within the hore of the crank shaft bracket the cones upon the
sleeve have inclined conical tables below the oil openings, which inclined tables
act to direct the oil into the bearings.
Washers are located within the recesses under the oil opening and act to direct
the oil into the bearings and also act to prevent the balls from becoming displaced
when the end bearing rings are being attached or removed.
The adjustability of the ball bearings of the crank shaft is provided for by these
end bearing rings, small depressions or sockets being formed in the faces of the eul
bearing rings to permit the rings to be gripped by a suitable key or wrench having
projecting pins, the clamping screws of the split enlarged ends of the bracket being
loosened to permit this adjustment.
The crank shaft is formed in two parts as stated each part having a crank arm,
and these crank arms are integral with their parts of the crank shaft or may be
permanently secured thereto; and the two parts of the crank shaft have threaded
portions, one part a right threaded portion and the other a left threaded portion,
whereby they are held within the holding sleeve which holding sleeve has reversely
threaded portions corresponding to those of the parts of the crank shaft.
In one construction the two part crank shaft is firmly held within a reversely
threaded sleeve which is also a journal sleeve containing the journals for the crank
shaft bearings as above described. In another construction this reversely threaded

page_text: sleeve does not include or contain the journals, which journals are separately formed
upon or connected to the crank shaft, and the sleeve is of shorter length and is
located within the crank shaft bracket at about the middle of the crank shaft thus
occupying a space necessarily between the bearings and not usually utilized. In
another construction the reversely threaded sleeve is located outside of the crank
shaft bracket and near the end of the crank shaft. In all of these constructions
an interlocking joint is formed between the two parts of the crank shaft and this
interlocking joint is so constructed as to hold together rotatively the two parts
of the crank shaft so that the rotation of one will necessarily cause a corresponding
rotation of the other, and this interlocking joint is formed by a wedge shaped
projection or tooth on one part of the shaft entering a counterpart socket or groove
of the other part.
The parts of the crank shaft may be readily inserted or removed by screwing
be accom-
them in or out of the reversely threaded sleeve, but before this can
plished it is necessary to control the movements of the sleeve and this is provided for
by one or more depressions or sockets in said sleeve adapted to receive a pin,
and by a suitable opening through the crank shaft bracket arranged in proximity
to the depressions or sockets, and this opening in the crank shaft bracket is
covered by a cap to exclude dust, this cap being pivoted or otherwise held so that
it may be moved aside or removed at will.
When it is desired to attach or remove the parts of the crank shaft bracket a
suitable pin is inserted through the opening of the crank shaft bracket and into
the pin hole or socket of the sleeve and this pin will hold the reversely threaded
sleeve from rotation. The attachment or removal of the parts by the crank shaft
does not disturb the bearings or journals of the crank shaft when one of the
constructions above described is employed and that in such construction the
reversely threaded sleeve is rigidly held in fixed position by its bearings and by
the pin inserted in a socket in the sleeve, so that no other manipulation or
holding thereof is necessary in attaching and removing the parts of the crank
shaft The sleeve may in some constructions have flat portions or be otherwise
so shaped so as to be gripped by a wrench which wrench may be inserted into
the bracket through a suitable opening. In one of the constructions above
described the short reversely threaded sleeve may be readily held by a pin inserted
through the opening in the bracket, and in another construction in which the
reversely threaded sleeve is quite short and is arranged upon the crank shaft
outside of the crank shaft bracket, the sleeve may be manipulated in any desired
manner for the purpose of uniting or separating the two parts of the crank shaft.
The sprocket wheel, is mounted upon one of the parts of the crank shaft
independently of the reversely threaded sleeve and thus the rotative strains to
which the connection between the sprocket wheel and crank shaft is subjected,
do not in any degree affect the devices for holding together the two parts of the
crank shaft. This is an important feature of this invention and enables the
crank shaft to be rotated in either direction and the power transmitting wheel
to receive from or impart to the crank shaft rotative movements or strains in
either direction, without affecting the sleeve in relation to the crauk shaft and
without causing unscrewing thereof. Under the varied conditions of use of a
bicycle or other foot-driven vehicle these rotative strains are often exerted in the
reverse of the usual direction between the crank shaft and the power transmitting
wheel, as in back pedalling, when the rider is exerting his strength in opposition
to the forward movement of the vehicle, and therefore the connection between the
power transmitting wheel and the crank shaft is frequently subjected to heavy
backward stress. In one of the constructions 'above described the sprocket wheel
is made of one piece and screwed upon an enlarged screw threaded portion of the
part of the crank shaft and bears against a shoulder or collar formed upon said
part of the crank shaft, and the sprocket wheel is tightly held from unscrewing
by means of a lock nut which screws up against the hub of the sprocket wheel on
a continuation of the thread of one part of the crank shaft which engages with

page_text: one of the threads of the journal sleeve, and the thread on which the hub of the
sprocket wheel is screwed is arranged in the reverse direction to this thread of
the lock nut so that the tendency to loosening of one part tends to tighten the
other and the parts are therefore very tightly held together. This construction
is simple and secures the desired detachableness of the sprocket so that gears of
other sizes may be substituted when desired. In a modified construction the hub
of the sprocket wheel is permanently secured as by brazing upon one of the parts
of the crank shaft, while the arm of the sprocket wheel is made detachable in the
manner now usually employed, that is to say, by holding together by detachable
fastening devices spokes or arms projecting from the rim and spokes or arms
projecting from the hub.
It is of course evident that the advantages of this invention may to some extent
be attained in constructions other than those above described, and that parts of my
invention may be used separately or in combination with other parts of different
construction. It is also evident that other holding means adapted to interlock by
rotating or screwing one part into the other may be employed in place of the screw
threads and that various modifications may be made in the construction and
arrangement of parts without departing from this invention. The invention is
therefore not to be understood as limited to the particular constructions herein
described.
Dated the Thirteenth day of November 1894.
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
55 & 56 Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agent,
For the Applicant.
Improvements in and connected with Crank Shafts and Bearings,
adapted for Cycles and like purposes.
I ALBERT AUGUSTUS POPE, Manufacturer of Cohasset, Norfolk County, State
of Massachusetts United States of America do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to crank shafts and bearings such as are usually employed
ju bicycles and like foot-driven vehicles, and the objects of this invention are
lightness, strength, simplicity of construction and ready detachableness of parts
and other advantages hereinafter set forth. In a structure embodying this invention
the crank shaft comprises two parts, and each of these two parts has a crank arm
forined integrally therewith or secured thereto. The two parts of the crank shaft
are locked together so as to be held together rotatively, and a holding device is
provided for the parts of the crank shaft which permits the parts of the crank
shaft to be brought together or separated by rotation relatively to said holding
device, and according to the entire invention this holding device itself constitutes
or carries the journals for the bearings of the crank shaft; and a power transmitting
device is connected to said crank shaft independently of the holding device.
As a
consequence of the separate connection of the power transmitting device to the
crank shaft, and of the interlocking of the two parts of the crank shaft so that
they are compelled to rotate together, power applied to either or both crank arms
in either direction is transmitted without causing rotative stress between the holding
device and either part of the crank shaft, and without tending to separate the parts
of the crank shaft, and the parts are firmly held together in the operation of the
machine and cannot be separated except by the intentional act of the operator.

page_text: In order thus to separate the parts the operator applies power to the holding device,
ther to hold it while the two parts of the crank shaft are rotated or to rotate the
olding device itself or otherwise to cause rotative movement relatively to each
other of the holding device and crank shaft; and by this relative rotation the parts
of the crank shaft may be readily separated and removed, or starting with the
As a
parts separated they may be readily secured together in condition for use.
consequence of the construction in which the holding device constitutes or carries
the journals for the bearings of the crank shaft the separation and removal of the
parts of the crank shaft does not disturb the journals and bearings of the crank
shaft. According to my complete invention as it has been embodied in bicycles,
screw threaded portions are formed upon each part of the crank shaft, a right hand
thread on one part of the shaft and a left hand thread on the other part of the
shaft, and the holding device comprises a reversely threaded sleeve having counter-
part reverse threads engaging with the threaded portions of both parts of the crank
shaft, and the abutting ends of the crank shaft are shaped so that they will
interlock when brought together so as to be held together rotatively. The power
transmitting device comprises a wheel, usually a sprocket wheel, secured upon the
crank shaft independently of the reversely threaded holding sleeve, and the said
sleeve is located within the bracket supporting the bearings of the crank shaft and
means are provided whereby this sleeve may be grasped by a tool inserted through
an opening in said bracket when it is desired to screw together or unscrew the parts
of the crank shaft.
a construction
One of the important advantages attained in bicycles in
embodying my entire invention is the narrowing of the tread. The heavy bosses
usually employed upon the cranks at the connection of the crank arms with the
crank shaft are not required in this improved construction, as the crank arms may
be formed integrally with the crank shaft and may be forged or otherwise shaped
so as to extend radially from the crank shaft with a sharp bend at the outer ends
of the parts of the crank shaft, and the only other part of the crank shaft outside
of the crank shaft bracket is the hub of the sprocket wheel which hub may be
made quite narrow. In consequence of this construction the crank arms may be
brought together more closely and thus the tread narrowed. This is found to
be an important advantage as it brings the feet of the rider more closely together
thus approximating more nearly the natural positions of the feet when walking,
and permitting the muscle power of the limbs of the rider to be exerted more
directly upon the pedals. Other advantages of this construction are the ready
detachableness of parts, and a material reduction in weight and a neater and more
ornamental appearance by reason of the omission of the usually large and heavy
hubs of the crank arms.
In accordance with my invention the journals and bearings are so constructed
that they may be readily opened or detached for cleaning and other purposes and
may be readily put together, and a simple and effective construction for permitting
the ready oiling of the bearings is provided. Other features of my invention will
be hereinafter set forth.
The accompanying drawings illustrate embodiments of this invention.
Figure 1 is a vertical section taken transversely of a bicycle and longitudinally
of the crank shaft, showing a crank shaft bracket, crank shaft and arms and
bearings and sprocket wheel, and short portions of the frame of a bicycle. Figure 2
is an end elevation of the same.
Figure 3 is a side elevation with the sprocket wheel in section, showing a
modified construction of sprocket wheel.
Figure 4 is a section similar to Figure 1 showing a slight modification of the
journal sleeve.
Figure 5 is a vertical sectional view showing a modified construction in which
the holding device does not include the journals of the crank shaft. Figure 6
is a sectional view of the same taken on a plane indicated by the line 6-6 of
Figure 5.

page_text: Figure 7 is a vertical sectional view showing a modified construction in which
the holding device is located outside of the crank shaft bracket and near one end of
the crank shaft.
The crank shaft bracket a may be of any usual and suitable construction and is
shown in Figures 1 to 4 inclusive as consisting of a tubular cylindrical casing
having enlarged ends a' a', these enlarged ends being internally threaded to receive
end bearing rings bb, aud the enlarged ends a' being shown as split and provided
with lugs through which are passed screws a² or which may be adjustably held by
other suitable holding and clamping devices whereby the end bearing rings may be
tightly clamped in desired position. The crank shaft bracket is shown as ma le in
one piece with or brazed to the arms a³ of a bicycle frame, short sections only of
said arms being shown. The end bearing rings bare suitably shaped to form
tracks or races for the balls c of the ball bearings of the crank shaft. The cones
r ball tracks of the crank shaft journals are in the construction shown in Figure 1
formed upon a sleeve d which sleeve constitutes the holding device for the two
parts of the crank shaft e and e¹. This sleeve engages with two parts of the
crank shaft by means of right and left screw threads formed upon it as shown
at or near its ends. A slight modification of this construction is shown in
Figure where the journal ball tracks or cones are formed upon short separate
tubes d' which are pressed or driven upon the ends of the reversely threaded
sleeve d.
In the construction shown in Figures 1 to 4 inclusive the oiling of the bearings
is provided for by small openings d² through the upper wall of the crank shaft
bracket, these openings being covered by hinged or removable caps 3; and within
the bore of the crank shaft bracket the cones upon the sleeve d have inclined
conical tables below the oil openings, which inclined tables act to direct the oil
into the bearings. Washers are located within the recesses under the oil
opening and act to direct the oil into the bearings and also act to prevent
the balls from becoming displaced when the end bearing rings are being attached
or removed. As to the last described function of the washers dit is to be noted
that in the construction shown in Figures 1 to 4 inclusive, when the parts are
assembled and the end bearing rings bare inserted in the ends of the bracket and
screwed up into place, the washers d' guard the recess between the conical tables
of the bearing sleeve d and the inner periphery of the bracket and prevent any of
the balls from leaving their proper positions and entering such recess, and hold
the balls back in their proper positions until they are engaged by the bearing
rings b.
This construction is exceedingly simple and inexpensive and of light
weight, and as a result of this construction the bearings may be readily taken
apart or adjusted without displacement of the balls or jamming of the balls into
improper positions. The adjustability of the ball bearings of the crank shaft is
provided for by these end bearing rings, small depressions or sockets being
formed in the faces of the end bearing rings to permit the rings to be gripped
by a suitable key or wrench having projecting pins, the clamping screws of
the split enlarged ends of the bracket being loosened to permit this adjustment.
The crank shaft is formed in two parts e and e', each part having a crank arm,
and these crank arms f and f¹ respectively, are integral with their parts of the
crank shaft or may be permanently secured thereto; and the two parts of the
crank shaft have threaded portions, one part a right threaded portion and
the other a left threaded portion, whereby they are held within the holding
sleeve d which holding sleeve has reversely threaded portions corresponding to
those of the parts of the crank shaft.
In the construction shown in Figures 1 to 4 inclusive, the two part crank
shaft e e¹ is firmly held within a reversely threaded sleeve d which is also a journal
sleeve containing the journals for the crank shaft bearings as above described. In
the construction shown in Figures 5 and 6 this reversely threalel sleeve d does not
include or contain the journals, which journals are separately formed upon or con-
nected to the crank shaft, and the sleeve d is of shorter length an1 is shown as

page_text: located within the crank shaft bracket at about the middle of the crank shalt thus
occupying a space necessarily between the bearings and not usually utilized. In
the construction shown in Figure 7 the reversely threaded sleeve is located
outside of the crank shaft bracket and near the end of the crank shaft. In all of
these constructions an interlocking joint is formed between the two parts of the
crank shaft and this interlocking joint is so constructed as to hold together
rotatively the two parts of the crank shaft so that the rotation of one will
necessarily cause a corresponding rotation of the other, and this interlocking joint
is shown as formed by a wedge shaped projection or tooth on the part e entering
a counterpart socket or groove of the part e.
When it is desired to attach or
The parts of the crank shaft may be readily inserted or removed by screwing
them in or out of the reversely threaded sleeve, but before this can be accomplished
it is necessary to control the movements of the sleeve and this is shown as
provided for by one or more depressions or sockets in said sleeve adapted to
receive a piu, and in the constructions shown in Figures 1 to 6 inclusive, by
a suitable opening through the crank shaft bracket arranged in proximity to the
depressions or sockets d, and this opening in the crank shaft bracket is shown as
covered by a cap a to exclude dust, this cap being pivoted or otherwise held so
that it may be moved aside or removed at will.
remove the parts of the crank shaft bracket a suitable pin is inserted through the
opening of the crank shaft bracket and into the pin hole or socket of the sleeve d,
and this pin will hold the reversely threaded sleeve from rotation. If the
operation is that of separating the parts of the crank shaft the cranks may
then be readily unscrewed and the operator may grasp the pedals or cranks
and will thus be supplied by the cranks with arms affording him the desireri
leverage for readily manipulating the parts of the crank shaft. When the two
parts of the crank shaft are to be inserted these two parts are started from
opposite ends of the sleeve at the same time and are maintained in their proper
relative positions and rotated together. As the two parts traversing the screw
threads within the sleeve approach each other, their ends will interlock and
they will assume their proper working position. The operation of screwing the
parts together may be continued until the parts are very tightly clamped together;
then the pin holding the reversely threaded sleeve may be removed and the parts
will be properly held together and cannot be separated or loosened except by aguin
inserting the pin and thereby holding the sleeve and then reversing the operation
just described. It will be observed that this attachment or removal of the parts
by the crank shaft does not disturb the bearings or journals of the crank shaft
when the construction shown in Figures 1 to 4 inclusive is employed and that in
such construction the reversely threaded sleeve is rigidly held in fixed position by
its bearings and by the pin inserted in a socket in the sleeve, so that no other
manipulation or holding thereof is necessary in attaching and removing the parts of
the crank shaft. The sleeve may in some constructions have flat portions or be
otherwise shaped so as to be gripped by a wrench which wrench may be inserted
into the bracket through a suitable opening. In the construction shown in
Figures 5 and 6 the short reversely threaded sleeve may be readily held by a piu
inserted through the opening in the bracket, and in the modified construction shown
in Figure 7 in which the reversely threaded sleeve is quite short and is arranged
upon the crank shaft outside of the crank shaft bracket, the sleeve may be
manipulated in any desired manner for the purpose of uniting or separating the
two parts of the crank shaft. It is to be noted that in this modified construction
of Figure 7 there would usually be a wider tread than in the constructions shown
in the other views of the drawings.
The power transmitting wheel, shown in the drawings as a sprocket wheel, is
mounted upon one of the parts of the crank shaft independently of the reversely
threaded sleeve and thus the rotative strains to which the connection between the
sprocket wheel and crank shaft is subjected, do not in any degree affect the devices
for holding together the two parts of the crank shaft. This is an important

page_text: feature of this invention and enables the crank shaft to be rotated in either
direction and the power transmitting wheel to receive from or impart to the crank
shaft rotative movements or strains in either direction, without affecting the
sleeve d in relation to the crank shaft and without causing unscrewing thereof.
Under the varied conditions of use of a bicycle or other foot-driven vehicle these
rotative strains are often exerted in the reverse of the usual direction between the
crank shaft and the power transmitting wheel, as in back pedalling, when the rider
is exerting his strength in opposition to the forward movement of the vehicle, and
therefore the connection between the power transmitting wheel and the crank
shaft is frequently subjected to heavy backward stress. In the construction shown
in Figures 1 and 2 the sprocket wheel is shown as made of one piece and screwed
upon an enlarged screw threaded portion of the part of the crank shaft e¹ and bears
against a shoulder or collar formed upon said part of the crank shaft, and the
sprocket wheel is tightly held from unscrewing by means of the lock nut g' which
screws up against the hub of the sprocket wheel y on a continuation of the thread
of the part el which engages with one of the threads of the journal sleeve, and the
thread on which the hub of the sprocket wheel is screwed is arranged in the
reverse direction to this thread of the lock nut g' so that the tendency to loosening
of one part tends to tighten the other and the parts are therefore very tightly held
together. This construction is simple and secures the desired detachableness of
the sprocket so that gears of other sizes may be substituted when desired.
modified construction is shown in Figure 3 in which the hub g2 of the sprocket
wheel is permanently secured as by brazing upon one of the parts of the crank
shaft, while the arm g³ of the sprocket wheel is made detachable in the manner now
usually employed, that is to say, by holding together by detachable fastening
devices, spokes or arms projecting from the rim and spokes or arms projecting
from the hub; and in Figures 5 and 7 substantially the same construction of
sprocket wheel is shown as in Figure 3.
A
In practical trials of bicycles embodying my invention it has been discovered
that under the intermittent and varying strains to which the cranks are subjected
(the operator usually exerting the power of his legs by successive downward pushes
of varying strength alternately applied first on one crank and then on the other)
the slight spring of the crank shaft between the point where its threads are held
causes a small and in fact almost infinitesimal twisting of the threads relatively to the
journal sleeve, and that the constant repetition of this slight twisting movement in
rapid succession resulting from the speed of the ordinary movement of these parts
will, in the course of a long ride and in the event that its tendency is to unscrew
the parts of the crank shaft out of the journal sleeve, cause a slight unscrewing or
separation of the parts of the crank shaft; and it has also been discovered that when
the thread on the right part of the crank shaft is a right hand thread and that on
the left part of the crank shaft is a left hand thread the tendency of this exceedingly
slight twisting movement is to screw the parts of the crank shaft tightly together
or in any event that there is no tendency to unscrew the parts of the crank shaft,
and that when thus constructed and arranged the parts of the crank shaft will not
work loose and if not properly screwed up or tightened will become tightened in
sufficiently long usage. This is the construction shown in Figures 1, 3 and 5 of
the drawings as the observer is supposed in these views to be looking toward the
rear of the bicycle.
It is of course evident that the advantages of this invention may to some extent
be attained in constructions other than those above described and shown, and that
parts of my invention may be used separately or in combination with other parts of
different construction. It is also evident that other holding means adapted to
interlock by rotating or screwing one part into the other may be employed in place
of the screw threads shown and that various modifications may be made in the
construction and arrangement of parts without departing from this invention. The
invention is therefore not to be understood as limited to the particular constructions
herein shown or specifically described.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said. Inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is,
1. The combination with suitable bearings, of a crank shaft comprising two parts,
and of holding means for detachably holding together said parts of the crank
shaft, said parts of the crank shaft and holding means being so constructed that the
parts of the crank shaft may be brought together or separated by rotation relatively
to said holding means, and a power transmitting device operated by said shaft,
said holding means being connected to said shaft independently of said power
transmitting device, substantially as set forth.
2. The combination of a crank shaft comprising two parts adapted to be locked
so as to be held together rotatively, a power transmitting device upon said shaft,
means for holding together said parts of the crank shaft whereby the parts of the
crank shaft may be brought together or separated by rotation relatively to said
holding means, said holding means being connected to said parts of the crank shaft
independently of the power transmitting device, substantially as set forth.
3. The combination of, a crank shaft comprising two parts, each of said parts
having a crank arm integral therewith, and said parts adapted to be locked so as
to be held together rotatively, and each of said parts containing a screw threaded
portion, the screw thread of one part being in the reverse direction to that of the
other part, and a holding device provided with reverse threads engaging with the
threads of both parts of the crank shaft, and a power transmitting device operated
by said crank shaft independently of said holding device, substantially as set
forth.
4. The combination of a crank shaft comprising two interlocking parts so shaped
at their interlocking joint that the parts when interlocked are compelled to rotate
together, each of said parts containing a screw threaded portion, the screw thread
of one part being in the reverse direction to that of the other part, and suitable
bearings for said crank shaft and a holding sleeve provided with reverse threads
engaging with the threads of both parts of said shaft, and a power transmitting
device operated by said crank shaft independently of said reversely threaded
holding sleeve, substantially as set forth.
5. The combination of a crank shaft comprising two interlocking parts so shaped
at their interlocking joint that the two parts when interlocked are compelled to
rotate together, each of said parts of the crank shaft having a crank arm, integral
therewith, and each of said parts containing a screw threaded portion, the screw
thread of one part being in the reverse direction to that of the other part, and
suitable bearings for said crank shaft and a bracket supporting the same, and a
holding sleeve provided with reverse threads engaging with the threads of both
said parts of the crank shaft, said sleeve being located within said bracket and
provided with means whereby it may be grasped by a tool inserted through an
opening in said bracket, and a power transmitting device operated by said crank
shaft independently of said, reversely threaded helding sleeve, substantially as set
forth.
6. The combination of a crank shaft comprising two parts adapted to be locked
so as to be held together rotatively, each of said parts containing a screw threaded
portion, the screw thread of one part being in the reverse direction to that of the
other part, and suitable bearings for said crank shaft and a bracket supporting the
same and a holding sleeve provided, with reverse threads engaging with the threads
of both of said parts of the crank shaft, said sleeve being located within said crank
shaft bracket and provided with one or more sockets whereby it may be held from
rotation by a pin inserted through an opening in said bracket and bearing against
the sides of said opening in the bracket, substantially as set forth.
7. The combination of a crank shaft comprising two parts, and means for
detachably holding together said parts of the crank shaft whereby the parts of the
crank shaft may be brought together or separated by rotation relatively to said
B

page_text: bolding means, and journals for said crank shaft upon said holding means, and
suitable bearings for said journals, substantially as set forth.
8. The combination of a crank shaft comprising two parts adapted to be looked
so as to be held together rotatively, a power transmitting device upon said shaft,
and means 'for holding together said parts of the crank shaft whereby the parts of
the crank shaft may be brought together or separated by rotation relatively to
said holding means, said holding means being connected to the crank shaft
independently of the power transmitting device, and journals for said crank shaft
upon said holding means, and suitable bearings for said journals, substantially as
set forth.
9. The combination of a crank shaft comprising 'two parts, each of said parts
having a crank arm integral therewith, and said parts adapted to be locked so as
to be held 'together rotatively, and each of said parts containing a screw threaded
portion, the screw thread of one part being in the reverse direction to that of the
other part, and a holding device provided with reverse threads engaging with the
threads of both parts of the crank shaft, and journals for the crank shalt upon said
holding device, and suitable bearings for said journals, and a power transmitting
device operated by said crank shaft independently of said holding device,
substantially 'as set forth.
10. The combination of a crank shaft comprising two interlocking parts so
shaped at their interlocking joint 'that the parts when interlocked are compelled to
rotate together, each of said parts containing a screw threaded portion, the screw
thread of one part being in 'the 'reverse direction to that of the other part, and a
reversely threaded journal sleeve for 'the crank shaft engaging with the 'threads of
both parts of the shaft, and suitable bearings for said sleeve, substantially as set
forth.
11. The combination of a crank shaft 'comprising two interlocking parts so
shaped at their interlocking joint 'that the 'parts when interlocked are compelled to
rotate together, each of said 'parts containing a screw threaded portion, the screw
thread of the right hand part being in a right hand direction, and that of the left
part in a left hand direction, and a reversely threaded journal sleeve for the crank
shaft engaging with the threads of both parts of the crank shaft, and suitable
bearings for said sleeve, and a power transmitting device operated by said crank
shaft independently of said journal sleeve, substantially as set forth.
12. The combination of a crank shaft comprising two parts adapted to be locked
so as to be held together rotatively, each of said parts containing a screw threaded
portion, the screw thread of one part being in the reverse direction to that of the
other part, a crank shaft bracket, removable bearing rings adjustably screwed into
the ends of said bracket, a journal sleeve, and bearing balls located between said
journal sleeve, and the bearing 'rings, said journal sleeve being reversely threaded
and engaging with 'the threads of both parts of the crank shaft, and a power
transmitting device operated by said crank shaft independently of said journal
sleeve, substantially as set forth.
18. The combination of a crank shaft comprising the 'two reversely threaded
parts e and e¹ and crank arms integral therewith, the reversely threaded journal
sleeve d, engaging with both parts of the crank shaft, a power transmitting wheel
secured upon one of the parts of the crank shaft, the crank shaft 'bracket a having
'split ends a¹ and oiling openings d, and bearing rings badjustably screwed into
the ends at of the crank shaft bracket, and clamping devices for tightening the
'ends a¹ upon said 'bearing rings, the 'bearing balls c between said 'bearing rings and
the journals upon the sleeve d, and the washers d' 'located in recesses at the inner
ends of the bearing rings b, substantially as set forth.
14. The combination of a crank shaft, the crank shaft bracket a 'having split
ends a¹ and oiling openings d², the removable bearing rings b adjustably screwed
into the ends a' of the crank shaft bracket, and clamping devices for tightening the 5
ends u¹ upon said bearing rings, journal cones upon said crank shaft, and bearing
balls located between said journal cones and bearing rings, inclined conical surfaces

page_text: or tables upon said journal cones sloping toward the bearings, and the washers d
located in recesses at the inner ends of the bearing rings b, substantially as set
forth.
Dated the 17th dor of Anril 1805
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
Chartered Patent Agent, London,
For the Applicant.