Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Dec., 1887
Complete Specification Left, 14th Sept., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 19th Oct., 1888
JOSEPH RUSSELL, 22 Charing Cross, Heating Apparatus Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
I dispense with the top box or pipe which is now used to connect all the loops for
the purpose of the circulation and to relieve the vertical loops of air and in place
thereof I carry down from the highest point in each loop an internal small tube open
at the upper end and at the lower end connected to a horizontal air tube or duct cast
upon the underside of the base. This tube can be put in before or after the loop is
screwed into the base or can be formed in the casting of the loop when made and
connected by a short piece of tube to the lower air duct.
I also apply the same improved construction to Steam Radiators by using the
lower duct and the internal small tubes for the admission of Steam & so serve each
loop at once with steam at the top of the loop driving the contained air down the
loop with the condense.
This will in many cases do away with the necessity of the air relief valve.
Dated this 13th December 1887

page_text: I, JOSEPH RUSSELL, of 22, Charing Cross, Heating Apparatus Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
My Invention relates to hot-water and steam radiators or coils for heating halls,
public buildings, etc.
52
These radiators usually consist of vertical cast-iron tubes made in pairs and termed
"loops
which communicate at their lower ends with the hot water or steam
supply and at their upper ends open into a box or head (generally constituted by a
horizontal tube) which is common to the whole and is provided with an air pressure
relief valve or cock. The hot water or steam, as the case may be, circulates through-
out the assemblage of pipes and through this head before returning to the source
of supply.
The object of my invention is to dispense with the horizontal tube or head; and to
this end, I provide the loops or circulation tubes with small supplementary pipes which
serve to relieve the loops of air pressure and, in the case of steam radiators, for the
admission of the steam to the whole of the heating tubes simultaneously. These
supplementary pipes are contained within the loops. They are open at both ends and
extend from the base of the radiator to within, say, half an inch, more or less, of the
top of the loop, communicating at their lower ends with a duct or passage cast in the
base of the radiator, which duct or passage is furnished with a relief cock. These
small tubes would, preferably, be made of brass with a bore of about 1 inch.
They may either be in a continuous piece extending from end to end of one member
of the loop, or the two members of the loop may be united by a web cast with a
central passage which is continued to the top of the bend and to the passage below by
independent pieces of tube screwed or otherwise secured in the casting.
In the case of hot water radiators, these pipes serve merely for the escape of the
air; but in steam radiators, the..steam enters through the passage in the base of
the radiator and is discharged into the loops through the pipes, driving the contained
air down the loops with the condensed steam.
The Invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which figures 1, 2,
and 3 are vertical longitudinal sections of loops or circulation tubes of hot water
or steam radiators, Figures 4, 5, and 6, being cross-sections of the tubes on line 1-2.
A A are the loops or circulation tubes rising from the base of the radiator and
opening into a passage B therein, which passage, in the case of a hot water radiator,
is in communication with the source of supply as usual. a a are the supplementary
pipes which are screwed or otherwise fixed into the casting at their lower ends and
extend to the top of the loops, as shewn; and B the duct or passage in the base
of the radiator with which the pipes a communicate.
In figure 1, the tube is in one continuous piece but in figure 2 a passage a¹ is cast
centrally in a web which unites the two members of the loop, and the said passage is
continued to the upper end of the loop and to the passage at the lower end by short

page_text: tubes a a². In figures 3 and 6 the two members of the loop are in communication
with one another. The outer bends of the loops are provided with holes at closed
by screw plugs to provide for the insertion of the tubes a.
In a steam radiator the passage B is connected with the source of supply, and the
steam enters from the passage B and is discharged through the tubes a a to the whole
of the tubes A at the same time driving the contained air down the loops or tubes A
with the condensed steam, thus rendering the use of a relief-cock unnecessary.
Although not shewn in the drawings, the radiator would be surmounted by an
ornamental marble slab or by a cast-iron cap or plate resting on the top of the loops.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1st. In a hot water radiator or heating coil consisting of vertical circulation loops
or tubes, the employment of the air pressure relief pipes, substantially as described
for the purpose specified.
2nd. In a vertical steam radiator or heating coil, the employment of inlet pipes
for the steam communicating at one end with the source of supply and opening at
the other end into the upper ends of the circulation loops or tubes, substantially as
described for the purpose specified.