IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TURN-WREST PLOUGHS, PARTS OF " PROVISIONAL WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO STEAM PLOUGH
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to' John Davey, of Crofthole, in the County of
Cornwall, Agricultural Implement Maker, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TURN-WREST PLOUGHS, PARTS OF
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Davey at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th April 1872.
I, JOHN DAVEY, of Crofthole, in the County of Cornwall, Agricultural
Implement Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TURN-WREST PLOUGHS, PARTS
OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO STEAM PLOUGHS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates mainly to the construction of double-furrow
turn-wrest ploughs, having two sets of ploughing tools mounted in such
a manner that by turning them on a horizontal longitudinal axis either

page_text: set of ploughing tools can be brought into working position, so that
while the plough is at work it may throw the furrows always in the
same direction, thus constituting a double-furrow one-way plough.
Two transverse pieces are mounted on the main beam or central tube,
herein-after mentioned, so as to be able to revolve thercon. To these 5
transverse pieces are fastened two beams, one of which is adjustable for
the purpose of obtaining any required width of furrow, by means of a
slotted part in the transverse piece. To the beams are fixed the plough
frames, each with its requisite breasts, shares, and coulters, and other
necessary appliances, as well understood. When the plough is set to 1
work one set of ploughing tools is employed, the other set being
elevated above the before-mentioned beam or central tube. Two studs
are secured to the transverse piece at the fore end of the beam for
the purpose of locking the frames and wearing parts to the central
beam, and by which means they are held in a rigid condition while 1
working, and in order to perfect the rigidity a key or stud is applied to
the hind transverse piece, which is acted upon by a spiral spring secured
to the central beam.
The main beam is tubular, and has a chain, one end of which is
fastened to the vertical shaft of the fore wheels, passing through the
same, for the purpose of raising the ploughing tools clear of the ground,
and enabling the frames with their appliances to revolve on the central
tubular beam at headlands. The other end of the chain is attached to a
quadrant which is operated upon by the attendant in order to raise the
ploughing tools clear of the ground and also for unlocking the frames a
for the required revolution. A short chain is fastened to the quadrant
and attached to a lever, and which chain operates on a sliding bolt
which forces the transverse pieces along the central tube, and thereby
produces the complete unlocking. The revolution of the frames and
tools can thus be effected with a very small amount of labour, and every
part is again replaced by the self-action of the spiral spring.
The implement is mounted on three wheels, two of which are placed
at the fore end of the main beam, and are kept in position by two bosses
placed at a sufficient distance from each other, great steadiness being
thus ensured. Between these bosses is an adjustable collar with a set
screw or screws for the purpose of regulating the required depth of
furrow.
The under part of the shaft is jointed so that the axle may

page_text: incline either way to admit of either wheel running on the land whilst
the other is in the furrow. At the fore end of the beam is a lever with
double-set adjustable screws, and which lever rests on bearing plates
alternately on either side of the axle, for the purpose of keeping the
plough upright when at work.
The hind wheel, which is provided with a wide rim, runs along
the bottom of the furrow, whereby the friction of the implement is
reduced and the depth of the furrow regulated. A rod is secured to the
shaft of the leading wheels and is used for steering the plough when
required. To this steerage rod is attached a second rod furnished with a
handle, and which operates on a stop suspended to the vertical shaft of
the leading wheels, by which means the wheels are locked while turning
at headlands.
In order to prevent the plough from being upset while turning at
headlands a crutch or stand is provided upon which the implement
swings, but as it re-enters the land the crutch arranges itself for the next
turning in a self-acting manner.
The double-furrow plough above described may be constructed with
the position of the shares, coulters, and breasts, reversed, so as to obviate
the necessity of turning the plough at headlands. For this purpose the
side beams should be set in an angular position, whilst the central tubular
beam is perfectly straight. This is done to enable each furrow wheel to
be always in its own furrow, whilst the land wheel is always on the land.
In such cases four wheels would be necessary.
This Invention can be adapted for single, double, or triple furrow
turn-wrest ploughs, and also for steam ploughing, whether with traction.
or fixed engines.

page_text: year
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of April, in the of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-fifth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said John Davey, Her special licence that I,
the said John Davey, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said John Davey, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TURN-
WREST PLOUGHS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO STEAM
PLOUGHS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John
Davey, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Scal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Davey, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to
say:-
My said Invention relates mainly to the construction of double-furrow
turn-wrest ploughs, having two sets of ploughing tools mounted in such
a manner that by turning them on a horizontal longitudinal axis either
set of ploughing tools can be brought into working position, so that
while the plough is at work it may throw the furrows always in the
same direction, thus constituting a double-furrow one-way plough.
In the accompanying Drawings, Figure 1 is an elevation of the
plough; Figure 2 is an elevation showing in dotted lines the plough
lifted clear of the land; Figure 3 is a plan view of the plough; Figure 4
is a plan of a frame with the breasts, shares, and coulters, Figure 5
being an elevation of the same; Figure 6 is an end view of the plough,

page_text: Figure 7 being the same view when the fore carriage is lifted; Figure 8
´is a front view of the fore carriage, shewing the action of the wheels and
catch, Figure 9 being the same view when the fore carriage is lifted;
Figure 10 is part of plan of frame, Figure 11 being a section of the
same; and Figure 12 is a view of the crutch employed for turning the
plough. The same letters of reference refer to like parts in the several
Figures.
Two transverse pieces A. are mounted on the main beam or central
tube B, herein-after mentioned, so as to be able to revolve thereon. To
these transverse pieces are fastened two beams C, one of which is
adjustable for the purpose of obtaining any required width of the furrow
by means of a slotted part in the transverse piece. To the beams B are
fixed the plough frames D, each with its requisite breasts, shares, and
coulters, and other necessary appliances, as well understood. When the
plough is set to work, one set of ploughing tools is employed, the other
set being elevated above the before-mentioned beam or central tube B.
Two studs E are secured to the transverse piece at the fore end of the
beam for the purpose of locking the frames and wearing parts to the
central beam, and by which means they are held in a rigid condition
while working; and in order to perfect the rigidity a key or stud is
applied to the hind transverso piece, which key or stud is acted upon by
a spiral spring F secured to the central beam.
!
The main or central beam B is tubular and has a chain, one end of
which is fastened to the vertical shaft G of the fore wheels, passing
through the same, for the purpose of raising the ploughing tools clear of
the ground and enabling the frames with their appliances to revolve on
the central tubular beam at headlands. The other end of the chain is
attached to a quadrant H, which is operated upon by the attendant in
order to raise the ploughing tools clear of the ground, and also for
unlocking the frames for the required revolution. A short chain is
fastened to the quadrant and attached to a lever, and which chain
operates on a sliding bolt, which forces the transverse pieces longi-
tudinally along the central tube, and thereby produces the complete
unlocking. The revolution of the frames and tools can thus be effected
with a very small amount of labour, and every part is again replaced by
the self-action of the spiral spring. F.
The implement is mounted on three wheels, two of which are placed
at the fore end of the main beam, and are kept in position by two

page_text: bosses I, I, placed at a sufficient distance from each other, great steadi-
ness being thus ensured. Between these bosses is an adjustable collar J,
with a set screw or screws, for the purpose of regulating the required
depth of furrow. The under part of the shaft G is jointed, so that the
axles may incline either way to admit of either wheel running on the t
land whilst the other is in the furrow. Attached to the vertical shaft
is a lock K (and which is turned alternately by the coulter), and falls on
adjustable catches for holding the plough in position when at work.
The hind wheel, which is provided with a wide rim, runs along the
bottom of the furrow, whereby the friction of the implement is reduced 1
and the depth of the furrow regulated. A rod L is secured to the
vertical shaft G of the leading wheels, and is used for steering the plough
when required. To this steering rod is attached a second rod and handle,
and which operates on a stop lock M, suspended to the vertical shaft of
the leading wheels, and which by the action of the stop locks the wheels 1
while turning the plough at headlands.
In order to prevent the plough from being upset while turning at
headlands, as well as to facilitate the operation of turning, a crutch or
stand N is provided, upon which the implement swings, but as it
re-enters the land the crutch arranges itself for the next turning in a 2
self-acting manner.
The double-furrow plough above described may be constructed with
the position of the shares, coulters, and breasts reversed, so as to obviate
the necessity of turning the plough at headlands. For this purpose the
side beams should be set in an angular position, whilst the central 2
tubular beam is perfectly straight. This is done to enable each high or
furrow wheel to be always in its own furrow, whilst the land or low
whcel is always on the land. In such cases four wheels would be
necessary.
My said Invention can be adapted for single, double, or triple furrow 3
turn-wrest ploughs, and also for steam ploughing, whether with traction
or fixed engines, as will be well understood by persons conversant with
the construction and use of agricultural implements.
Having thus declared and ascertained the nature of my said In-
vention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I would 3
observe in conclusion that what I consider novel and original, and

page_text: therefore claim as constituting the Invention secured to me by the said
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent are,—
First. The crutch N for turning the plough at headlands.
Secondly. The stop lock M for holding the wheels rigidly while
turning the plough clear of the land.
•
Thirdly. The wheel lock K and adjustable catches herein-before
mentioned.
Fourthly. The transverse pieces A sliding longitudinally on the central
tube.
Fifthly. The central tube and action of the chain, and also the revo-
lution of the frame, substantially as herein-before described.
And lastly. The application of the combinations and arrangements of
parts and mechanism in the construction of single, double, and triplo
turn-wrest ploughs and steam ploughs, substantially as before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Davey, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.