Improvements in Apparatus for Cooling Water and other Liquids.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd May, 1896
Complete Specification Left, 10th Mar., 1897-Accepted, 10th Apr., 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Cooling Water and other Liquids.
We, DRUITT HALPIN, Engineer, of 17 Victoria Street, in the County of
London, JAMES BINGHAM ALLIOTT, of the Firm of Manlove Alliott & Co. of
Bloomsgrove Works, Nottingham in the County of Nottingham, and LOUIS
STERNE, of 28 Victoria Street, Westminster, in the County of London, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to improved apparatus for cooling hot or warm water and
other liquids by bringing the same in a finely divided state in contact with currents
of air. For this purpose we cause the water requiring to be cooled to issue under
pressure through nozzles or openings in form of jets, directed vertically or nearly
vertically upwards, which jets are made to pass through larger nozzles fixed in the
bottom of a cylindrical or other enclosure of some height. By this means the jets
of liquid are made to induce currents of air through the larger nozzles, which air
in mixing intimately with the more or less finely divided water of the spreading
jets will effectually cool the same in taking up heat therefrom, the air being then
allowed to pass off through the open top of the enclosure, while the cooled water
spray falls down again and is collected and led away at the bottom of the enclosing
casing.
In some cases the jets and nozzles instead of being fixed in the bottom of the
chamber may be fixed in its sides and may be directed either horizontally or at
any angle into the enclosure and in some cases the jets and nozzles may be placed
at or near the top of the enclosure and directed downwards, the air being drawn off
at or near the bottom and introduced into a second shaft up which it escapes. In.
these cases deflecting plates may be placed at some distance below the jets to
prevent the too rapid downward passage of the water.
By preference we make the air nozzles of a double trumpet mouth or conical
form both to facilitate the entrance of the air at one end and to allow the water
jet to spread out as it passes through, if possible, without coming into contact
with the surface of the air nozzles. Such expanding form of the nozzles will also
have the effect of accelerating the air currents, and this acceleration will be still
farther increased by the heating and consequent expansion of the air as it takes up
heat from the water in ascending. In some cases we impart a certain initial
velocity to the air before entering the nozzles, by forcing the same into a casing
surrounding these by means of a fan, or by applying suction by a fan or similar
device to the enclosure into which the water is sprayed, or by both these devices
combined.
In some cases we introduce additional jets of the water to be cooled in the
upper part of the enclosure, either in a vertical inclined or horizontal direction.
Instead of allowing the whole volume of water to fall down to the bottom of the
casing again after being cooled, we in some cases provide trough shaped channels
in the upper part thereof which serve to catch a portion of the descending water
and lead it off through suitable pipes.
In some cases, where difficulty is found owing to the water nozzles stopping up
through the pressure of small pieces of dirt, we provide a filter through which the
water has to pass before it reaches the nozzles, and in some cases, in order to
dislodge dirt from the nozzles we arrange that these may occasionally be put in

page_text: connection with the suction instead of the delivering side of the pump, and then
draw air through the nozzles, using the pump temporarily as a suction.
In some cases we arrange to reverse the nozzles by suitable mechanical means
so as to enable them to clear themselves of dirt.
Dated this 23rd day of May 1896.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Cooling Water and other Liquids.
We, DRUITT HALPIN, Engineer, of 17 Victoria Street, in the. County of
London, JAMES BINGHAM ALLIOTT, of the Firm of Manlove Alliott & Co. of
Bloomsgrove Works, Nottingham, in the County of Nottinghain, and LOUIS
STERNE, of 28 Victoria Street, Westminster, in the County of London, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
Our invention relates to improved apparatus for cooling hot or warm water and
other liquids by bringing the same in a fiuely divided state in contact with currents
of air. For this purpose we cause the water requiring to be cooled to issue under
pressure through nozzles or openings in form of jets, directed vertically or nearly
vertically upwards, which jets are made to pass through larger nozzles fixed in the
bottom of a cylindrical or other enclosure of some height. By this means the jets
of liquid are made to induce currents of air through the larger induction nozzles,
which air, in mixing intimately with the more or less finely divided water of the
spreading jets, will effectually cool the same in taking up heat therefrom, the air
being then allowed to pass off through the open top of the enclosure, while the
cooled water spray falls down again, and in coming again in contact in a finely
. divided state with the ascending air, it is still farther cooled thereby, being
eventually collected and led away at the bottom of the enclosing casing
.
It will be seen that the object of our invention is to maintain the water in a
state of fine division in contact with air for as long a time as possible, in contra-
distinction to former arrangements in which the water was sprayed on to a surface
. down which it ran in a film or stream.
In some cases the jets and nozzles instead of being fixed in the bottom of the chamber
may be fixed in its sides and may be directed either horizontally or at any angle
into the enclosure, and in some cases the jets and nozzles may be placed at or near
the top of the enclosure and directed downwards, the air being drawn off at or near
the bottom, and introduced into a second shaft up which it escapes. In these cases
deflecting plates may be placed at some distance below the jets to prevent the too
rapid downward passage of the water.
By preference we make the induction nozzles of a double trumpet mouth or
conical form, both to facilitate the entrance of the air at one end and to allow the
water jet to spread out as it passes through, if possible, without coming into contact
with the surface of the induction nozzles. Such expanding form of the nozzles will
also have the effect of assisting the air currents, and this action will be still farther
increased by the heating and consequent expansion of the air as it takes up heat
from the water in ascending. In some cases we impart a certain initial velocity to
the air before entering the nozzles by forcing the same into a casing surrounding
these by means of a fan, or by applying suction by a fan or similar device to the
enclosure into which the water is sprayed, or by both these devices combined. In
some cases we introduce additional jets of the water to be cooled in the upper part

page_text: of the enclosure, either in a vertical, inclined, or horizontal direction. Instead of
allowing the whole volume of water to fall down to the bottom of the casing again
after being cooled, we in some cases provide trough-shaped channels in the upper
part thereof which serve to catch a portion of the descending water and lead it.
off through suitable pipes. In some cases, where difficulty is found owing to the
water ejection-nozzles stopping up through the presence of small pieces of dirt, we
provide a filter through which the water has to pass before it reaches the nozzles,
and in some cases, in order to dislodge dirt from the ejection nozzles we arrange
that these may occasionally be put in connection with the suction instead of the
delivery side of the pump, and then draw air through the nozzles, using the pump
temporarily as a suction. In some cases we arrange to reverse the ejection nozzles
by suitable mechanical means so as to enable them to clear themselves of dirt. On
the accompanying drawing are shewn by way, of example some of the arrangements
of apparatus by which our above described invention can be carried into effect.
Figure 1 shews a vertical section of an apparatus consisting of a frame-work A
carrying on horizontal bearers B, rows of induction nozzles C of a double trumpet
mouth form, as shewn more clearly in the enlarged section at Figure 2. Below the
lower ends of the induction nozzles C are ejection nozzles D branching from a
supply pipe E for the liquid to be cooled, these nozzles being formed with rose
heads, so that the water to be cooled, which is forced with some pressure through
them, is projected in finely divided jets up through the induction nozzles C, and
is thus caused to induce currents of cold air, which in passing through the
nozzles C, are thus brought intimately in contact with the finely divided jets of
liquid so as to rapidly absorb the heat from the same.
The supply pipe E has lateral branches E' with other nozzles as shewn in
sectional plan at Figure 3, and it may have one or more vertical branches E' from
which project other horizontal branches E' carrying nozzles D' through which
other jets of liquid issue, and which may or may not have the larger nozzles C above
them.
In order to prevent the liquid falling from these upper jets from interfering with
the action of the lower jets, trays F, as indicated in dotted lines at Figure 1,
may be arranged below them to catch the falling cooled liquid and to lend it away
through pipes F. The framing A may be open at the sides, but we prefer to
surround it by a casing G extending down to the level of the nozzles, the space
below, being, in this arrangement left open for the free ingress of air. The easing
may however be extended down so that the nozzles are entirely enclosed as in the
modification at Figure 4, in order that a forced air supply may be produced by an
air propeller H fixed either to the casing as shewn at Figure 4 or arranged
separate therefroin.
Figure 5 shews an arrangement in which the liquid supply pipe E, with its
nozzles D, is arranged at the top of the casing, with the nozzle C and D arranged
in a downward direction, in which case trays Finay be provided for intercepting
the falling liquid as previously mentioned.
The air being in this case propelled in a downward direction, it would be
necessary to provide a suction at the bottom of the casing either by there con-
necting it to a second casing of greater height through which the warm air would
escape in an upward direction, or, by employing an exhaust fan.
Figure 6 shews a section of a reversible rose head I for the nozzle D, such as
has been above referred to, being arranged so that it can be unscrewed from the
nozzle and screwed on in the reverse position in order to clear the perforations
of any solid matter that may have accumulated therein.
We are aware that it has before been proposed to cause jets of liquid under
pressure to issue into tubes so as to flow in a thin layer down the inner surfaces of
the tubes while air currents induced by the said jets were made to come in contact
with such thin layer of liquid in order to cause its evaporation and effect the
cooling of the surfaces of the tubes and we do not claim any such application of
liquid jets and induced air currents as part of our preseut invention.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is
1. Apparatus for cooling liquid, wherein the liquid to be cooled is made to issue
under pressure in the form of finely divided jets from ejection nozzles arranged in
conjunction with induction nozzles so as to cause currents of cold or cooler air
induced thereby to be brought intimately into contact with the said jets of finely
divided liquid and thus to effectually take up the heat therefrom, substantially as
described.
2. In apparatus for cooling water or other liquids the arrangement of nozzles
whereby fine jets of the liquid to be cooled are directed vertically or nearly
vertically upward and so arranged as to draw with them the necessary air for
cooling them, which air in mixing intimately with the liquid as this rises, and also
as it falls back in the form of spray, effectually takes up heat therefrom
substantially as described.
3. In apparatus for cooling water or other liquid, operating as set forth in the
first and second claims, the combination with ejection nozzles through which the
liquid to be cooled issues under pressure and induction nozzles through which air
currents are induced by such liquid, of an open topped and open bottomed tower or
chimney surrounding the said nozzles so as to confine the mixed liquid currents
and air currents as the former first ascend with the air and then descend through
the latter, substantially as described.
Dated this 9th day of March 1897.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicants.