Improvements in Circular Looms.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Feb., 1897-Accepted. 8th May, 1897
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Circular Looms.
We, JOSEF HEROLD, of Zollhausglacis, Brünn, in the Empire of Austria, Manu-
facturer, and CARL HEROLD, of Konigsfeld, near Brünn, aforesaid, Mill Owner, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to a new or improved construction of circular loom, by means
of which a greater amount of cloth can be produced without any increase of motive
power than with any of the present ordinary and circular power looms.
In our improved circular loom this is accomplished by the following arrangements.
(1) Several shuttles are at work simultaneously on the same web.
(2) The formation of the shed, the propulsion of the shuttles and the beating up
of the weft threads are carried on without intermission.
The invention will be fully described with reference to the accompanying
drawings.
Fig. 1. Side elevation in part section.
Fig. 2. Front elevation in part section of the loom omitting details relating to the
opening of the shed and the beating up of the weft threads to the web.
Fig. 3. Vertical section of part of foon showing the entire arrangements for the
opening of the shed, the arrangement of the shuttles and the lever arrangements for
beating up the weft threads.
Fig. 4. Plan of a portion of the eccentric X with the cover off.
Fig. 5. Perspective view of part of the developed flanges x 6' x 6' and x 6³ of the
eccentric.
Fig. 6. Plan of the electro-magnets E and shuttles s.
Fig. 7. Detail views of the heddles g.
Fig. 8. Detail of the weft guard.
Fig. 9 shows the way in which the spring rings are connected.
Fig. 10 shows an outline of the heddles g and the tops of the reeds.
Fig. 11. Enlarged section on line x-x Fig. 10.
Fig. 11. Enlarged section on line y-y Fig. 10.
Fig. 12. The toothed flange R the flange R a with the eccentric flanges xb¹ x b³ x b³
and the levers b1, b2 in outline.
By reference to these drawings the most important arrangements of our circular
loom riz.-
(1) The opening of the shed.
(2) The shuttles.
(3) The lever arrangement for beating up the weft threads to the web.
(4) The weft guard.
(5) The driving arrangements of same will be described below.
The shaft wo journalled in the bearings and driven by the pulley P (Figs. 1 and 2)
transmits its motion by means of the bevelled wheels kk' to the vertical shaft w.
The latter is journalled at one end in the collar in the cross piece T3 and at the other
end in the collar 12 in the bell shaped piece on the cross piece T³ and the rings
above these collars serve as supporting surfaces.

page_text: On shaft w underneath the cross pieces T¹ the boss N is fixed and on this the
electro-magnets (the number of which in the present case is 4 Fig. 6) are secured.
On the cross pieces T the bearings of the rollers revolving on the pin are fixed
and these rollers project into the groove ³ of the toothed flange R which they
support and enable it to run easily and steadily (Fig. 3). Instead of roller bearings
for the toothed flange, ball bearings may be advantageously used.
C
The vertical shaft w² rotates in the bearings (Fig. 2) fixed on the cross:
pieces TT and the toothed wheel firmly fixed upon the vertical shaft engages with
the toothed flange R the effect of which arrangement is to cause the toothed flange R
to make the same number of revolutions as the shaft w. Shaft is driven by
means of the bevelled wheels k¹ k³ from shaft w so that shaft w shaft w² and the
toothed flange are all interconnected. The warp is carried from the warp beams K B
(the number in the present case being 4) weighted in the usual way over the
beams cc to the heddles g and the warp threads n n' must in order to be properly
distributed first pass the cross rings. The heddles (Fig. 7) which have an
eye in the centre and the number of which corresponds to the number of warp
thread are fitted radially to the shaft w. The heddles g are as shown on the drawings
set inclined so as to avoid friction on the eyes. One end of the heddles is deflected
downwards at a right angle and carries a roller gr whilst the other end, on account
of being supported radially is suitably flattened. The deflected ends of the heddles
are carried into the suitably shaped grooves of the inclined rings. The
number of these eccentric rings on the topmost of which a cover ¹ is put and which
are inter-connected by screws corresponds to the warp and weft arrangement of the
web, and in the present instance two eccentric rings are required. As shown in
Fig. 4 the grooves of the superimposed eccentric rings 23 intersect each other
and the number of these intersections must correspond with the number of shuttles.
The undermost eccentric ring 3 is firmly connected by the arms y and the ring at by
the means of screws with the toothed flange R.
g
On the other side the heddles g are carried between the vertical metal plates B2 of
the reed flanges B B (Figs. 10, 11 and 114) which are placed upon the spring
rings band kept apart from each other by intervening pieces. By this means the
beddles are prevented from following the rotary motion of the eccentric rings a²³.
The heddles slide on ring or over the little pulleys on ring between every
two metal plates whereby the level of the rings 6 corresponds with the inclined
plane of the heddles g. One portion of the metal plates B2 is lengthened at the top
and is there fastened by screws or rivets to the shoulders D2 D3 of the bearing
pieces D D' the former of which is screwed to the cross pieces T' and the latter to the
bell shaped piece a³. One portion of the metal plates B' is lengthened at the bottom
and connected by the metal pieces 66 with the cylinder casing thus providing a firm
bearing for the latter. The loose temple ring C which is held on the lower end of
the shaft w by a ring is unaffected by the rotary motion of the shaft w and has a
groove n 2 on the upper side in which an isolated contact ring is oc fixed. Further
the temple ring C carries a cylinder casing made of non-magnetic material which on
one side serves as a supporting surface for the warp threads pressed inwards by the
shuttles s'and on the other side prevents the shuttles being completely drawn to the
electro-magnets E. The latter are shaped in such a way that they can easily move
inside the cylinder casing f.
The shuttles s which are made of some light material such as wood papier mache
etcaetera are suitably adapted in shape to the box which is round and at the bottom
runs to a point and are provided with a cavity e for the reception of the cop or spool.
On the vertical side which is turned to the casing the shuttles are fitted with a metal
plate (iron) s for magnetic effect and run with their pairs of rollers sr and srl over
the warp threads adjacent to the casing and with their pair of rollers s² on the
ends as of the levers 612 projecting into the box. Through the hole ' (Fig. 6) the
weft thread is carried over the guide pin e¹ to the web.
On the inner side of the toothed flange R a flange Rr is fixed on which the
pieces a b¹, xbx ³ forming the eccentric are screwed. On the cross pieces T the

page_text: brackets D are fixed under the nether flange and on these brackets are screwed
the plates y which are connected with the bearing pieces g of the levers > 1. In the
holes of the radially placed bearings ga spring ring m is fixed on which the bent
levers 12 connected by joints with the bent levers are loosely placed. The
arms a¹ of the levers beach provided with a pulley a project into the curved
groove 1 formed by the flanges 62 and a 68 and in the same way the arms a³ fitted
with rollers at of the levers 12 project into the winding groove 2 (see also Fig. 5)
formed by the flanges a 2 and 3. On the other side the flat arms a' of the
levers project underneath the shuttles s and above the temple ring between the
warp threads into the box.
In order to stop the rotary loom when a weft thread is broken or has come to an
end a weft guard is placed on the standard S under the helt pulleys P and Z. This
guard (Figs. 2 and 8) consists of a steel spring G/fixed to the standard S, into
the slit se of which the pin G on the lower end of the fork G pivoted into the
bearing Ga is carried. The spring Gf intersects the slots of the plate st on the
standard S round the pin st of which the angular levers is pivoted. The arm h si
of this angular lever projects on one side into the opening of the electro-magnetic
bobbins E fixed on the plate st, whilst the steel spring Gf comes into contact with
its curved wer end 2 when the loom is started. The stroke of the bell crank or
angular lever hs is arrested by the pin s³ projecting into the slot stand the angular
lever hs is held in the position shown in the drawing by the spring s.
The rotary loom works as follows:-
When the warp threads n n' are drawn in the manner shown and described, the
shed formed by the heddles g and the shuttles s put into the box the latter are carried
along with the motion of the shaft w by the continuously operative attraction of the
electro-magnets which causes then to run along the race and insert the weft threads.
At the same time the position of the shuttles and of the eccentrics.³ is so
arranged that behind each shuttle at the spot which it has just traversed an immediate
change of shed takes place, which is effected in the present arrangement by the
deflected ends of the heddles in the inner part of the groove a passing into the
outer part of the groove by which means the warp threads a hitherto forming
the right part of the shed are carried outwards and now form the left part of the shed
(refer to Figs. 1 and 3). At the same time the warp threads n' also change their
position, as the deflected ends of the heddles g are carried from the outer part of the
groove to the inner part of the same.
As in the accompanying illustration the groove courses. intersect each other.
four times the shed is divided into four parts and the warp threads n n¹ run in the
third division of the shed in exactly the same way as in the first, whereas in the
second and fourth divisions of the shed they are reversed, that is to say if, for
example, the warp threads n form the right part in the first and third divisions of the
shed they form the left in the second and fourth and so on. It should be mentioned
here that the number of eccentric rings 23 that of the intersections of the grooved
courses and that of the shuttles are regulated according to the nature of the
material required.
As soon
as the weft threads have been carried over the lever arms a
they require beating up to the web which is effected by the arm a of the
lever coming in the first place into the descending curve of the groove 1
(Fig. 5) when the lever is turned in the direction of the arrow 1 (Fig. 3).
The latter carries the lever with it and throws the latter's arm as out of
the shed. The relative positions of the downward curves of the grooves 1 and 2 are
now such that after the commencement of the lever motion described the arm a³ of
the lever comes into the curve of the groove 2, when the lever b12 is turned in the
direction of the arrow 2 (Fig. 3). The lever arm a¹ has in the meantime entered the
straight part of the groove 1 and turned the levers
(Fig. 3) when the arm of the latter again enters the
thread, as its arm a³ is still in the curve of groove 2.
t pass the ascending part 2 of the curve in the groove and thus turns the lever b l²
in the direction of arrow 3
shed above the inserted weft.
The lever arm a³ now begins

page_text: back into its original position and consequently its arm a³ beats up the last shoot
to the web and leaves the way clear for the following shuttle. As there are always
a large number of the radially placed levers b1, b2a part of the lever arms a¹ a
always passes the curves of grooves 1 and 2 so that the beating up of the weft is
going on continuously. The curves of the grooves 1 and 2 are so arranged that
the weft is immediately beaten up by the lever arms as when after a shoot has
been inserted a change of shed has taken place. Of course the position of the
intersections of the grooves of the eccentrics and the curves of the
grooves 1 and 2 of the flanges a b¹ x 62 x 63 can be so arranged that the beating up of
the weft to the cloth takes place first and the change of shed afterwards. The curves
of the grooves 1 and 2 correspond to the intersections of the grooved courses of
the eccentrics and a double beating of the lever arms as on the web can easily
be attained by double bends in the grooves 1 and 2.
The web passes from the temple between the tension rollers d d' the axles d¹ d³
of which revolve in the bearings d² d³. The roller d is driven from the main shaft w¹
by means of the strap pulleys p p¹ axle w³ scroll o and the scroll wheel t fastened on
the roller axle d' which engages with the scroll. Motion is imparted to the squeezing
roller by the shaft d through the agency of the toothed wheels on the axles d¹³
which engage with each other. After the tubular web has left the rollers d d it
wraps itself automatically in consequence of its friction against roller d on roller
which revolves on the brackets i i.
The stoppage of the loom when a weft thread breaks or a spool becomes empty
is effected by the leyer arms a falling by their own weight and that of the following
shuttle into the opening formed near the end of the weft thread and coming into
contact with the ring ce (Fig. 3) when the piece hs of the angular lever / s is drawn
into the spools E (Fig. 8) and the spring G F is released from the nozzle s². The
spring Gf moves in consequence of its elasticity in the direction of the arrow (Fig. 2)
thus turning the fork G which pushes the strap from the pulley P to the loose
pulley L.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
2
1. A circular loom constructed with the electro-magnets E on the hub N rotating
with the shaft w the shuttles s provided with soft iron plates s b and running with
their rollers srs over the inner vertical partition wall covering the ends a³ of
the lever projecting into the partition which are propelled forward by the magnets E
and carry the weft thread through the shed, the inclined heddles g by which the shed
is formed and the levers b12 with arms as by which the threads are beaten up
substantially as described.
2. In a circular loom a toothed flange R actuated by the toothed wheel z and
running on rollers (or balls) to which the grooved eccentrics a³ are fastened
provided with the grooves as a intersecting each other several times which receive
the deflected ends of the heddles g fitted with rollers gr carried in such a way that
following the passage of each shuttle s there is an immediate change of shed.
3. The arrangement of the heddle flanges B B (fixed on the bearing pieces D D¹)
between the metal plates B2 of which (on spring rings &¹) the beddles 9 tapered
in front and sliding on the rings are carried in order to prevent a rotary movement
of same.
4. The arrangement of the flanges x 6' x 12 x b³ fastened on the flange Rx in the
curved grooves 1 and 2 of which the arms a¹ a³ connected together by joints engage
with the bent lever b² pivoted on the ring m, so that when the arms a' a³ pass
through the bends of the groove the lever is turned in such a way that the lever
arms a are first thrown out of gear with the shed, in order to immediately engage
again with it above the inserted weft threads and beat them up to the web.
5. A weft guard consisting of a spring plate Gf which traverses the slit s t¹ of
the plate stand when the loom is being started comes into contact with the curved

page_text: end of the bent piece s in order to
stop the loom, when at the breakage or
lever arms a come into contact with the
drawn into the spool & E.
be released to turn the strap fork G and
coming to an end of a weft thread the
ring e e (Fig. 5) and the piece his
Dated this 26th day of February 1897.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
6, Bank Street, Manchester, Patent Agents.