matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND WINDING COTTON, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Elce and William James
Gladwell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 2nd June 1862.
We, JOHN ELCE, of the City of Manchester, Machine Maker, and WILLIAM
JAMES GLADWELL, of the same Place, Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING,
DOUBLING, AND WINDING COTTON, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:-
The first part of our Invention is particularly applicable to the machines for
spinning, called throstles, and to other machines of the like nature for doubling
and winding, in which two tin cylinders are employed for driving the spindles
by means of bands, and it consists in causing the tin cylinders to approach
each other simultaneously for the purpose of slackening the bands when it is
requisite to turn the spindles by hand, for removing the flyers previous to
doffing the full bobbins, and for replacing the flyers. One mode of performing
our Invention is in making the bearings of the tin cylinders with screw-nuts,
in which right and left-handed screws revolve, and these screws are turned
round by worm wheels acted upon, by worms on a side shaft. The details of
the machinery for moving one or both of the tin cylinders, so as to slacken the
bands and then to tighten them again, may be considerably modified.
The second part of our Invention is applicable to those machines used in
spinning, doubling, and winding, in which the spindles are driven by tapes

page_text: passing over a centre cylinder and then around guide pulleys supported in
elbow levers, and it consists in actuating all the elbow levers on one side of
the machine by a shaft and eccentrics, or other equivalent agents, for the pur-
pose of slackening the tapes simultaneously..
The object of our Invention is to economise time and prevent the wear of
the bands and tapes.
A NEW SAFETY LOCK
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Hippolyte Tessier, at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 17th May 1862.-A communication from abroad by Baptiste
L'Hermitte, of Paris, in the French Empire, Locksmith.
I, CHARLES HIPPOLYTE TESSIER, of Paris, in the French Empire, but at
present residing in Thurloe Place, Brompton, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "A NEW
SAFETY LOCK," (a communication to me from abroad by Baptiste L'Hermitte,
of Paris, in the French Empire, Locksmith,) to be as follows:-
The fundamental principle of this Invention consists in the application of
two series of small blades, the one being situated within the lock, and the
corresponding series on the key. In the one series, as in the other, each
blade differs from the adjoining one either in dimension or in profile. Each
individual blade is of extreme mobility, or else maintained by means of a
spring in some position differing from the normal one, until the two series are
brought into juxtaposition by the application of the key to the lock, when,
owing to their peculiar form, they assume that position which alone permits
of the keys turning round. Owing to the extreme mobility of the blades, any
pressure exerted upon one or more blades of the same series for the purpose
of taking an impression in wax, will cause the blade or blades to recede to a
certain extent; and no attempt at taking impressions, however often repeated,
whether upon the blades of the lock, or upon those of the key, will give a
clue to the normal position, which is only produced by the two series meeting

page_text: each other, and of which no trace is left when they are disconnected. The
result is obtained by adjusting the projecting part of each blade of one
series to the receding part of the corresponding blade of the other series. On
the key being turned round in the lock the blades will, at a certain joint,
strike upon a rest which props up the blades and gives them that rigidity
without which they could produce no effect upon the blades of the lock.
The second part of this Invention consists in the form of the bolt, which is
cylindrical, and furnished at its extremity by two radial projections. After
entering the staple through an opening exactly corresponding to these pro-
jections, the bolt turns round so as to put the projections at right angles with
the corresponding apertures, thereby making it utterly impossible to drive the
bolt back by any other means but the use of the proper key.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHEATHING OR COATING IRON SHIPS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Needham at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th May
1862.
I, JOSEPH NEEDHAM, of Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex, Gun Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SHEATHING OR COATING IRON SHIPS," to be as follows:-
According to my Invention I sheath iron ships with copper, Muntz's metal,
or other suitable metallic sheathing, and cause it to adhere thereto by soldering
it over its entire surface; the solder for which I prefer to compose of tin, lead,
and bismuth, which, as well understood, melts at a heat of about 212 or
220 degrees Fahrenheit, therefore it is only necessary to heat the iron in a
very slight degree, which may be readily done by holding a fire against the
sides or bottom of the ship, and so heating a part at a time, and apply the
sheathing thereto, or the plates may be sheathed previously to building the
vessel, and the rivet beads and junctions of the plates coated subsequently
when the ship is built. In uniting the sheathing to the ship, I heat both the
iron and the sheathing, and perform the soldering much in the ordinary way
of uniting metals by soldering, using at same time zinc dissolved in muriatic
acid to clean the surfaces of the metal, and cause it to take and hold, as well
understood in soldering metals. It must be understood that all contact must
be prevented between the water and the iron, otherwise an electric circuit
would be established which would decompose the iron.

page_text: A further improvement consists in uniting the metal sheathing to the iron
by means of material a non-conductor of electricity. For this purpose, I
employ gutta percha, or it may be an analogous material as a cement, which
I interpose in sufficient thickness for the purpose. To ensure a good hold
between the iron and the sheathing, I roughen the surfaces by jagging or
otherwise, or the plates may be rolled with small indented grooves, the tops of
the ribs between which may be burred over to cause the gutta percha to
adhere mechanically, adding to the natural adhesive properties thereof.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING AND INDICATING THE POSITION OF SHOTS IN RIFLE PRACTICE
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Ronald at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
May 1862.
J, WILLIAM HENRY RONALD, of Montrose, in the County of Forfar, North
Britain, China Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING AND INDICATING THE POSITION
OF SHOTS IN RIFLE PRACTICE," to be as follows, that is to, say :-
This Invention relates to the arrangement and construction of apparatus for
readily indicating to a marksman or firing party the exact position or place
where the shots strike the target. Under one modification or system of
arrangement the apparatus consists of one, two, or other convenient number
of arms, which are moveable upon an axis placed, by preference, below the
ground. The arms are made of sufficient length to extend over the entire
surface of the target, and they are fitted with sliding dises, which traverse up
and down the arms. At the extremities of the arms there are flags of different
colours, denoting the different value of the hits, the discs are also provided
with movable faces or discs of different colours and sizes; when a shot is fired
at the target, and is to be signalled, the marker at the butt raises one of the
arms by means of a cord passing over a pulley, so that the arm covers the
spot struck by the shot, at the same time the disc is raised until it covers the
part struck. The disc is allowed to remain stationary for a few seconds, 10
enable the firing party to note its position and record the shot. The disc is

page_text: then allowed to slide down, and the arm is lowered in readiness for another
shot. One of the arms carries "the danger flag," which is raised when
required. In this way, during rifle practice, the shots are signalled on the
exact spot hit on the target with ease, rapidity, and perfect freedom from
danger.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF ARRANGING AND DISPOSING GUNS IN SHIPS EMPLOYED IN NAVAL WARFARE AND OTHERWISE
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Lindsay at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th August
1862.
I, GEORGE LINDSAY, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, in Ireland,
Engineer and Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF ARRANGING AND DISPOSING GUNS IN SHIPS EMPLOYED
IN NAVAL WARFARE AND OTHERWISE," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in arranging and disposing guns in ships in the
following manner, that is to say, instead of placing the guns of ships above
the water line of the ship's draught, as commonly practised, I propose to place
and employ them below the water line, and to use them for attack or
destructive purposes as a substitute for the ram now employed.
The following are the means by which this Invention may be carried into
practical effect:-I form a circular hole through the ship's bows, and fit therein
loosely a pipe, say, six feet long or more, said pipe having a flange formed
thereon for connecting said pipe to the mouth of a gun, either breech-loading
or otherwise; the aforesaid pipe is surrounded by a stuffing box placed inside
the ship to enable said pipe to slide water-tight therein. A plug is used at
the outer end of the aforesaid pipe to exclude entrance of water thereinto,
and a slide valve placed at the inner end of said pipe being let down imme-
diately on the discharge of the gun, excludes the water also from said gun.
The gun is mounted on wheels for advancing same forward. In using a gun

page_text: thus arranged, the pipe aforesaid is caused to protrude through the ship's
bows, so that when the mouth of said pipe comes into contact with an opposed
object the pipe will be pushed back, and operating on mechanism, will dis-
charge the contents of the gun, thus rendering such discharge of the gun self-
acting.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR KNITTING RIBBED FABRICS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Peberdy at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th May
1862.
I, SAMUEL PEBERDY, of the City of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania,
United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR KNITTING RIBBED FABRICS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in knitting ribbed fabrics by means of bearded
needles, combined with shields or guards formed substantially as described
hereafter. The object of the Invention is to dispense with the cumbrous and
complex mechanism which has heretofore been used in knitting machines for
producing ribbed fabrics, and which is not only expensive and liable to become
disarranged, but renders the process of knitting tedious.
In applying my Invention to an ordinary straight frame knitting machine
I proceed as follows:-I employ a series of ordinary needles placed in a row
as usual, and permanently secured to the needle bar, and between these needles
operate the usual "sinkers" so as to produce the ordinary plain fabrio.
Wherever a rib is required I remove as many of the ordinary needles as may
be required, according to the width of the rib, and place in their stead other
needles (fixed on a second needle bar) opposite to and parallel with the
former, but pointing in the reverse direction. Between these needles a
second set of "sinkers" work. The needles are of the form called "self-

page_text: acting needles," having an elastic beard and "pawl.". Each of the needles is
provided with a guard or shield formed of a thin plate of metal fixed to the
needle block at the side of the needle, and divided into two fingers or pro-
jections by a slot or recess. The projections of the shield serve to guide the
new thread, and the slot or opening to maintain the thread in the requisite
definite position in respect to the "sinkers" and needles. Of the fabric
produced by this machine, that part formed by the ordinary needles is plain,
whilst that formed by the second set of needles, "sinkers," and guides, or
shields above described is ribbed, and it will be evident that any number of.
ribs of any desired width may be formed on the fabric by simply substituting
these needles and shields for the ordinary needles, and operating them
accordingly.
This Invention is also equally applicable to what are known as "warp
machines," or "circular machines," and the shields or guards above described
may be used in connection with ordinary bearded needles having no "pawls."
IMPROVE- MENTS IN EMBOSSING METAL PLATES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Dudley Charles Le Souëf, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
May 1862. A communication from abroad by Wenzel Seidan, of
Vienna, in Austria.
I, DUDLEY CHARLES LE SOUËF, of Twickenham, in the County of Middlesex,
England, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN EMBOSSING METAL PLATES," (communicated to me from abroad by
Wenzel Seidan, of Vienna, in Austria), to be as follows:-
I place separate letters or figures made of iron, steel, brass, or other
suitable metal, and forming the pattern to be embossed in due order upon a.
surface of iron or other sufficiently hard and strong material and, fill it: in. with
wax or other similar plastic substance. I then lay the metal plate to be-
embossed upon these letters or figures covering the surface,. not coming in
contact with the characters, with vulcanized india-rubber or other suitable-
material, and by application of sufficient pressure produce a copy of the
pattern in embossed or raised letters or figures..
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PLANING MACHINES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Critchlow at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th April
1862.
I, THOMAS CRITCHLOW, of Bolton-le-Moors, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PLANING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in planing machines for
planing metal, and consists in adapting to such machines two separate and
distinct cutters fitted to one and the same cross slide, the cutting edges of the
cutters being placed in opposite directions, so that a cut will be made at each
forward and backward stroke of the table. Suitable provision is made for
bringing the proper tool into action at the end of each cut. Or in lieu of
using two separate cutters a duplex cutter may be employed, having one stem
or shank, and two cutting edges in opposite directions.
AN IM- PROVED FABRIC TO BE EMPLOYED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR ELASTIC WOVEN OR BRAIDED WEBS, AND IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Nathaniel Jones Amies, of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Smallware Manufacturer, for the Invention of "AN IM-
PROVED FABRIC TO BE EMPLOYED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR ELASTIC WOVEN OR
BRAIDED WEBS, AND IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF MANUFACTURING
THE SAME."
Sealed the 21st April 1863, and dated the 24th November 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Nathaniel Jones Amies
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th November 1862.
I, NATHANIEL JONES AMIES, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Smallware Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED FABRIC TO BE EMPLOYED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR ELASTIC WOVEN
OR BRAIDED WEBS, AND IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE
SAME," to be as follows:-
The Invention is designed to effect an economical substitute for such webs
as consist of threads of india-rubber covered with other threads by weaving or
braiding to form an elastic fabric, this being an expensive method of manu-
facturing such elastic "webbing."
My improvement consists in cementing or otherwise attaching a covering or

page_text: coating of piece silk or other woven fabric to a surface layer or foundation of
india-rubber, or, if preferred, on each side of the india-rubber, and so forming
an economical substitute for the expensive "elastic webbing" at present
employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MOREENS AND SUCH LIKE FABRICS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugo Baum at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th September
1862.
I, HUGO BAUM, of Elberfeld, in the Kingdom of Prussia, Manufacturer, do
5 hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF MOREENS AND SUCH LIKE FABRICS," to be as follows:-
The object of the improvements is economy of manufacture by the introduc-
tion of jute yarn therein as a substitute for worsted yarn for the weft in the
manufacture of such fabrics.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS MORE PARTICU- LARLY DESIGNED FOR BURNING PARAFFIN OR COAL OIL, AND OTHER HYDROCARBONS OF DIFFERENT GRADES, OR ANY COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL USED FOR OBTAINING LIGHT
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Stockton Firman and
William James Williams at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 12th, June 1862.-A communication from
abroad by Joseph Eystra, of the City of Muscatine, State of Iowa, United
States of America.
We, HENRY STOCKTON FIRMAN and WILLIAM JAMES WILLIAMS, of No. 73,
Great Suffolk Street, Southwark, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS MORE PARTICU-
LARLY DESIGNED FOR BURNING PARAFFIN OR COAL OIL, AND OTHER HYDROCARBONS
OF DIFFERENT GRADES, OR ANY COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL USED FOR OBTAINING LIGHT,"
to be as follows:-
The production of a lamp of simple construction by which it is more
especially designed to secure an economical consumption of material, a bril-
liant illuminating flame, and without emitting an offensive odour, and consists
essentially of a lamp body of the usual form, or of any suitable style, in the
top of which, by any suitable means, but by preference a screw, is firmly fixed
a block, through which the wick tube passes so loosely that it may be slipped
up or down, yet sufficiently tight to retain its position. The wick tube is
surrounded by a conical case, which is surmounted by a dome-shaped deflector,
the case being perforated with holes at the bottom, and the base of the
deflector being also perforated. Between the case and the block is
interposed any substance that is a slow or non-conductor of heat, but

page_text: by preference a block of wood, which is intended to prevent the wick
tube from becoming too much heated, and thus conducting caloric down
into the oil, thus increasing the evaporation. This arrangement also tends to
diminish the danger of explosion should the material in the lamp happen to
contain anything of an explosive nature. We secure the deflector or chimney,
or where desired both deflector and chimney, to the cap or top of the lamp by
means of a spring, which may be secured by any suitable means to any suit-
able part of the lamp, but by preference we fix it into the block of wood or
whatever the non-conducting substance that may be used that is placed
between the cap and block, as described above; we use, by preference, a
chimney three inches in height.
AN IMPROVED COMBINATION OF MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DOUBLING, MEASURING, AND PLAITING WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Smith and William Smith
at the Office-of-the-Commissioners-of-Patents, with their Petition, on
the 19th September 1862.
We, JOHN SMITH and WILLIAM SMITH, of Collyhurst, near Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, Dyers and Finishers, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED COMBINATION OF MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR DOUBLING, MEASURING, AND PLAITING WOVEN FABRICS," to be
as follows:-
The fabric is doubled by passing it between the prongs of a fork and over
a rod carrying a roller, which revolves against the middle of the fabric as it
moves onwards. The fabric then passes in contact with a measuring roller,
and is drawn and led by other rollers to a vibrating frame, through which it
is passed in order to plait it. The shaft of the measuring roller gives motion
by toothed and worm gearing to an index plate, so that the quantity of fabric
passed through the machine may be measured with exactness.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN HEALDS OR HEDDLES, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE SAME
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Whittaker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th August
1862.
I, HENRY WHITTAKER, of Church, near Accrington, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HEALDS OR HEDDLES, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE SAME," to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to that description of heald in which are used short
wires containing the eyes instead of cords or bands.
My improvements consist in attaching to each of the ordinary shafts a shaft
or rod, which carries the short wires containing the eyes, by means of a split
ring passing through a hole at each end of each wire, by which arrangement
the wires will yield to the action of the yarn; any of the wires can be replaced,
and the wires can be separated from each other for allowing the hand to be
passed between them when required. In some cases the shafts or rods which
carry the short wires may be used without the ordinary shafts.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING COMPRESSED FRUITS IN CAKES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Edmunds at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd July
1862.
I, THOMAS EDMUNDS, of Seymour Place, Bryanston Square, in the County
of Middlesex, Grocer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING COMPRESSED FRUITS IN CAKES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention, which relates to the manufacture of compressed fruit in
cakes, such as figs and almonds, or other dried fruits, mixed or otherwise, and
my improvements consist in the application of a surface of confectioner's wafer
material on the top and bottom of such cakes, which material may also be
applied at other parts of the exterior of such cakes, and which may be
embossed, impressed, or otherwise ornamented. This application of the wafer
material not only improves the appearance of the goods, but preserves them in
better and more presentable condition. I apply the wafer material at the
time of compressing, and which adheres firmly to the cakes.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FEATHER BEDS, QUILTS, BOLSTERS, AND PILLOWS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Peter Booth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th July
1862.
I, JOHN PETER BOOTH, of Cork, in the Kingdom of Ireland, Feather
Purifier, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FEATHER BEDS, QUILTS, BOLSTERS, AND PILLOWS,"
to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to effect an economy in the manufacture of
feather beds, quilts, bolsters and pillows without impairing their quality, so far
as softness or warmth are concerned. In applying the Invention to the making
of feather beds I line the tick or cover on its inner face with cotton or other
wadding, and secure the wadding thereto by quilting. Into this wadded case
I introduce the feathers, and close the case with stitching as usual. The
advantage I obtain is that the feathers will not work through the lined case,
and therefore inferior or coarser feathers may be used and a cheaper article
produced.
In applying the Invention to the manufacture of quilts, I overlay one side
of the cover with cotton or other wadding, and then apply the feathers, down,
or feather strips in an even layer. Over this I lay a second bat of wadding,
and above this, the fabric that is to complete the cover, and I then secure the
whole by quilting.

page_text: In making bolsters and pillows, I line the case with wadding, so that the
feathers, when inserted, will be surrounded by the wadding, and will not there-
fore work out of the case. The advantage here is the same as with respect
to the bed, viz., that inferior feathers may be employed without the dis-
advantages hitherto consequent on their use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING LIQUORICE ROOT TO OBTAIN LIQUID AND SOLID EXTRACTS THEREPROM
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard. Archibald Brooman.at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his. Petition, on the
9th December 1862.-A communication from abroad by Frumence
Nicolas Frezon, of Paris, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING LIQUORICE ROOT TO OBTAIN LIQUID AND SOLID
EXTRACTS THEREPROM," (communicated to me from abroad by Frumence
Nicolas Frezon, of Paris, France,) to be as follows:-
The extracts hitherto obtained from liquorice root have been black, and
when eaten have produced in the mouth a yellowish brown saliva with a sweet
but somewhat tart flavor. Now the object of this Invention is to make the
extracts, whether liquid or solid, without any apparent color and without the
tart flavor.
The Invention consists in treating the root of the liquorice plant as here-
after stated. The roots are first pulverized by pestles, stones, or rollers, or
they are cut up into pieces, and are washed or soaked in cold water until they
are thoroughly exhausted. The resulting waters are thick and troubled, and
in order to clarify them they are boiled, say, for about ten minutes, and then
strained through a woollen strainer which retains the matters coagulated by
the boiling. The liquid is then limpid and of a dark yellow color, and to
remove this color the liquid is placed in a filter containing animal black. The

page_text: liquid after having been acted on by the black may be evaporated to any
desired consistence, allowed to cool gradually, when it becomes a pretty firm
mass, and may be made into sticks or other forms.
Instead of the treatment just described, this Invention also consists in
operating as follows:-After the defecation and filtration of the liquid, as.
herein-before described, it is placed in a wooden or other suitable vessel, and
while hot I add a solution of acid, citric acid by preference, or acid salts, such
as bisulphates of potash; abundant coagulation takes place, and the mass is
allowed to cool. I then filter it and wash the paste in cold water, or I
neutralize any slight excess of acid by bicarbonate of soda, taking care not to
employ any excess of salt. The quantity of citric acid required to coagulate
or precipitate the saccharine matter contained in the liquorice waters
depends on the richness of those waters. The product is slightly dried to
bring it into a solid state. It may be used in its solid state, or in the
preparation of drinks, syrups, jellies, candies, and otherwise.
IMPROVE-- MENTS IN CALENDERING WOVEN FABRICS, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR. THIS PURPOSE
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Leonard Wilson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the 12th May
1862.
I, JAMES LEONARD WILSON, of St. John Street, Smithfield, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE--
MENTS IN CALENDERING WOVEN FABRICS, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR.
THIS PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in calendering woven
fabrics, and in the apparatus employed for this purpose. In calendering.
woven fabrics by means of calendering rollers, as is usual, the rollers havo-
been made by pressing and rubbing on the fabric to calender or glaze every.
part of it.
Now according to my Invention I calender by means of rollers arranged
to press a part only of the fabric, leaving other parts plain or uncalen-
dered, so as to produce a stripe on the fabric:. I proceed as follows:-
employ a calendering roller having ribs formed on its surface; and pressed
against this, as in calendering in the usual manner, is another roller known.as.
the "paper roller," on which the fabric to be calendered rests whilst it is sub-
mitted to the action of the calendering roller, which revolving at a greater
speed than the surface of the paper roller and the fabric thereon, at the same
time strongly presses the fabric and polishes its surface by a rubbing friction,.
as is usual in calendering, except that in place of the whole surface of the

page_text: fabric being thus calendered or polished by rubbing friction, only such portions
of it as come under the ribs are so acted upon. The calendering ribs on the
roller must not be allowed as the calendering roller revolves to press con--
stantly over the same parts of the paper roller, otherwise they would quickly
become imbedded in the paper roller, which would thus be rendered useless for
my purpose. To avoid this I make the ribs to run spirally, or in a more or
less curved direction around the calendering roller, so that they will pass in
turn over every part of the paper roller. The same result may be obtained
by giving a slight endway motion to the calendering roller.
I would remark that I am aware that in calendering, a roller having very
minute ribs around it has in some cases been employed; but these ribs have
been made to pass constantly over the same parts of the paper roller and to
imbed themselves therein, so that in using these rollers every portion of the
fabric was rubbed and calendered, as indeed was desired; the object of
employing a grooved roller being that in the process of calendering the fabric
might also be slightly crimped.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PROMOTING VENTILATION, ALSO APPLICABLE TO DRYING STOVES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Shanks at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th April
*1862.
I, JOHN, SHANKS, of Barrhead, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain,
Plumber, do hereby declare the. nature, of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PROMOTING VENTILATION, ALSO APPLICABLE TO DRYING
STOVES," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to an improved mode or modes of arranging or com-
bining ventilating apparatus with the view of obtaining certainty of action and
easy control thereof without complexity of parts; the same being also
applicable to drying stoves, in as far as regards the production of air currents.
In practically carrying out the Invention in the case of a room or building,
for example, separate tubes or passages are provided for the inlet and outlet
currents, being placed as far apart as is convenient. The inner opening of
each outlet tube is in or near the ceiling or roof of the room or enclosed space,
and the tube is carried up to a height that its top end is considerably above the
level at which it is convenient to have the top of the inlet tube or tubes. The
inner opening of each inlet tube may be at any convenient or desired level in
the room or enclosed space, excepting above the level of the outlet openings.
When the temperature within is from any cause slightly raised there is a
warm, and consequently light column of air in the elongated outlet tube,

page_text: which is counterbalanced by the colder and heavier air in and above the inlet
tube, and the latter descends, and a current is thereby established.
To further insure the production of a current, the tubes are fitted at their
tops with caps, having their openings presented sideways, and having vanes
fitted upon them in such ways as that in the case of the inlet the opening
always presents itself to whatever wind or external air current there may be;
whilst in the case of the outlet the opening is always presented away from
the wind.
In applying the improved apparatus to a series of flats or stories in a
building a continuous tube or a connected set of tubes for either inlet or
outlet may be carried from the roof down through to the lowest flat, separate
openings with regulating doors or valves being provided in it at each flat.
In a modification suitable for stoves, the outlet remaining as before, the
inlet arrangements consist of a descending tube communicating at the bottom
with flues or passages in connection with a furnace, or with steam spaces,
whereby the passing air is heated, and wherefrom a tube passes up to the top
flat, having valved openings at each flat. By these means the air circulating
through the rooms is heated prior to entering them, and is rendered suitable
for drying purposes.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LINEN DRABBETT
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Warne at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd August
1862.
I, CHARLES WARNE, of Syleham Mills, near Scole, in the County. of
Norfolk, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LINEN DRABBETT," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of linen
drabbett. The materials now used in manufacturing drabbetts are flax warp
and cotton weft, now known as linen drabbett, and cotton warp and cotton
weft, known as cotton drabbett. By my Invention I manufacture this
drabbett of flax warp and flax weft; the advantages of using this flax warp
and flax weft combined, instead of flax and cotton, is that it is much more
durable and stronger. This material is dyed drab, olive, slate, or other suitable
colour. This improved material is intended to be used in making up smock
frocks, trowsers, linings, and other similar uses, and especially applicable for
garments for agricultural and other laborers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN POUCHES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Schloss at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th July
1862.
I, JOSEPH SCHLOSS, of Cannon Street, in the City of London, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
POUCHES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to india-rubber pouches, and consists, firstly, in
forming them with a flap cemented at the edges to the sides of the pouch, and
loose or unattached all along the front end of the flap. The pouch itself is
narrowed towards the mouth, and the flap being cemented to the edges causes
a spring-like action to keep the flap closed.
My Invention consists, secondly, in forming pouches with a single pieco or
flap in tho form of a flat ring cemented all round, or at intervals to the edges
of the pouch. To get at the contents of the pouch the edges of the ring are
turned back all round, when the mouth of the pouch is disclosed and opened;
by turning the edges of the ring in the reverso direction the mouth of tho
pouch is covered, and the contents prevented from getting out.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLESTICKS, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
June 1862. A communication from abroad by Emmanuel Bazin and
Eugene Bazin, both of Sourdeval-la-Barre, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLESTICKS, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED IN
SUCH MANUFACTURE," (a communication to me from abroad by Emmanuel
Bazin and Eugene Bazin, both of Sourdeval-la-Barre, France,) to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to manufacture candlesticks of all sizes and
shapes from sheet zinc, instead of casting them as hitherto. The sheets or
plates of zinc are cut by circular shears, such as are used for cutting sheet
iron, and the gimbal or gimmal of the candlestick is cut and stamped out by
a cutting punch, such as is used in the manufacture of other candlesticks.
The place for the spring is cut out by apparatus forming part of this Inven-
tion, and consisting of a cutting punch, lever for working same, rod guiding the
punch groove, into which the punch penetrates in cutting out of the shank of
the candlestick the place for the spring, and of a horizontal support which
enters the shank of the candlestick to permit it to pass to the groove.
This cutting punch may be used in the manufacture of copper or other
candlesticks.

page_text: The apparatus for rolling the shank or stem of the candlestick also forms
part of this Invention, and consists of a cylindrical rod around which the
rolling of the shank is effected; of a rod turning loosely on its bearings; a
moveable rod which approaches or retires at will from the first-mentioned
rod, against which (by means of a piece fitted to it) it arrests the zinc in
order that it may be rolled; of a support or bearing, opening and closing at
will, and a crank for operating the rolling; this crank is taken off when the
shank or stem of the candlestick is rolled to permit its removal.
The apparatus for fitting the foot and head of the candlestick likewise
forms part of this Invention, and is composed of a balance or lever carrying
a vertical rod connected with a jointed piece, which by means of a screw will
bring one of the two matrices of the machine nearer the other. One of these
matrices is fitted on a fixed rod or bar, the other on a moveable one connected
with the jointed piece above mentioned. The matrices are changed for every
new form required.
The shank of the candlestick is polished by a lathe such as is used for
copper or iron candlesticks, but the candlestick of sheet zinc requires no filing,
as do the others. The same observation applies to the lathe by which the
foot of the candlestick is polished.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF WELDING RAILWAY CROSSINGS."
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John James, of Uskside Iron Works, Newport,
in the County of Monmouth, Manufacturer of Steam Engines and
Railway Plant, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED MODE OF WELDING
RAILWAY CROSSINGS."

page_text: of the rails or plates, which moulds are used as ordinary top and bottom tools,
and in welding them under a Nasmyth's patent or some other hammer not
worked by manual labour in the ordinary sense.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John James in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 2nd
January 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
JAMES, of Uskside Iron Works, Newport, in the County of Monmouth,
Manufacturer of Steam Engines and Railway Plant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John James, Her special licence that I, the said John James,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
John James, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN
IMPROVED MODE OF WELDING RAILWAY CROSSINGS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said John James, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John James, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, that is to say:―
The object of this Invention is to make a more sound and secure welding
of this important portion of a railway at a less cost than the mode in present
practice.
The Invention consists in heating the rails or plates in a reverberatory or
other furnace or fire,.in placing them in moulds according to the sections of

page_text: the rails or plates, which moulds are used as ordinary top and bottom tools,
and in welding them under a Nasmyth's steam hammer or other like suitable
hammer, or otherwise welding them in a press or squeezer.
In witness whereof, I, the said John James, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of December, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-two.
JOHN JAMES. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN CYLINDER PRINTING MACHINES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Ullmer and William Ullmer
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
6th December 1862.
We, EDWIN ULLMER and WILLIAM ULLMER, both of Castle Street, in the
City of London, Printing Machine Manufacturers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CYLINDER PRINTING
MACHINES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists, firstly, in obtaining the to-and-fro motions of the
printing or type table in cylinder printing machines directly from the driving
wheel, which is set vertically by means of a connecting rod, one end of which
is connected to a pin or stud projecting from the rim of the said wheel, while
the other end is attached to the bottom of the printing table. The table bas
affixed to it a rack which works in combination with a loose wheel on the
cylinder shaft for driving the printing cylinder.
Secondly, in holding the printing cylinder in a fixed position during the
return of the printing table by a crank or lever, attached to the framework of
the machine, which lever carries a roller made to travel round a disc keyed
on the cylinder shaft, and to engage into a nick or aperture made in the
disc.
Thirdly, in obtaining the supply of ink for the inking table by means of
rollers fitted in slots or grooves in the frame of the machine, which rollers are

page_text: raised into contact with inking rollers placed above by inclined blocks or surfaces
on the printing table.
And, lastly, in obtaining an equal balance on its axis for the cylinder in
cylinder printing machines by means of a balance weight fitted to compensate
for that portion of the cylinder usually removed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRI- CATORS FOR LUBRICATING THE MOVING PARTS OF MACHINERY
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John King at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th February 1862.
I, JOHN KING, of Chadshunt, in the County of Warwick, Farmer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRI-
CATORS FOR LUBRICATING THE MOVING PARTS OF MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, in applying a cover or guard to the ordinary
oil cup employed on the brasses or bearings, in which rotating shafts or axles
of machines work. The said cover serves to protect the oil from dust and
dirt, and in chaff machines from particles of chaff; the oil is thus preserved
in a limpid state, and the choking of the oil cup is prevented. The cover or.
guard. may be jointed to the brass or bearing, or to the oil cup, so as to be
capable of motion in a vertical plane, or it may be constructed so as to turn
aside from the top of the oil cup by a horizontal motion; or the cover or
guard may work by a rectilinear sliding motion. The guard or cover may be
worked or preserved in its positions by means of a spring or springs ;. but I:
do not limit myself to these particular arrangements. The advantages of this-
part of my Invention are that the waste of oil by overflowing when poured
into a choked oil cup is prevented, that the moving parts to which it is
applied are more effectually lubricated, and the power applied to the machine
economized. The clearing of the oil cup from dust, or dirt, or chaff is also
rendered unnecessary.
My Invention consists, secondly, of regulators to be placed in oil cups for
regulating the flow of the oil, the said regulators being constructed in the

page_text: following manner :-One of the said regulators consists of a sphere or cone or
piece of metal, which is dropped into the oil cup, and which so nearly fits the
bottom of the said oil cup that it permits the oil only to pass very slowly to
the shaft or working part; or the sphere or regulator may be made to fit the
bottom of the oil cup, and lines or grooves made in it, along which the oil
passes to the part to be lubricated; or the regulator may be constructed by
making a screw or worm in the lower part of the oil cup, into which screw or
worm a convex screw works, the said screw being so constructed that by
raising or lowering it in the concave screw or worm the flow of oil from the
oil cup can be readily regulated; the action of the said screw and worm in
which it works being somewhat similar to that of the ordinary spigot-
and-faucet.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING ORNAMENTAL FABRICS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Cochran and Robert
Cochran, junior, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 16th April 1862.
We, ROBERT COCHRAN and ROBERT COCHRAN, junior, of Paisley, in the
County of Renfrew, North Britain, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the
nature of our said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING ORNAMENTAL
FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for object the production, in a novel and economical
manner, of ornamental fabrics of the many-coloured harness woven kind, such
as bordered shawls, long shawls, or plaids, scarfs, and bandeaus. And in
practising the Invention, according to one modification, supposing the article
to be produced is a shawl having a self-coloured or plain centre with a border,
the inner edge of which has an ornamental outline projecting unequally into
the plain centre part, such border is woven separately, and being cut along
the inner unequal outline, is neatly stitched upon a plain or self-coloured piece
of cloth. This method is much more economical than the ordinary one,
wherein the border and centre are woven together whilst the article produced
is of nearly equal appearance when finished. In some cases the material for
the centre may be woven with an ornamental sprig or the like, corresponding
in design to the border, and this will make the finished article appear still
more as though all woven in one piece. Bands or runners may be treated in
the same way as has been described with reference to borders.