IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING INTENSE WHITE LIGHT
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Denton Abel of No: 28 Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane in the county of Middlesex for an Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING INTENSE WHITE LIGHT." Communicated
to-him from abroad by Charles Olamond of Paris, Franco.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Denton Abel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th June 1883.
CHARLES DENTON ABEL of No 28 Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane in the
county of Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING INTENSE
WHITE LIGHT" [communicated to him from abroad by Charles Clamond of Paris,
France.]
These improvements relate to the construction of burners or apparatus for the
production of intense white light by heating to incandescence a cage of magnesia
filaments or other suitable refractory material by means of the combustion of a
combustible gas or vapor and air, described in the specification to former patents
granted to John Imray, Nos 2035 of 1882, 2757 of 1882 and 2110 of 1880 and
to myself No: 2290 of 1883, being communications from my foreign correspondent.
According to the present invention, the complete combustion of the gas is
effected within the cage without the previous admixture therewith of the requisite
supply of air. For this purpose, the combustible gas or vapor is led through a pipe
into a chamber, from the top of which project a number of very small tubes from
the upper ends of which the gas issues into the surrounding cage of magnesia.
Surrounding the said chamber and the lower parts of the tubes as also the gas
supply pipe below, is a casing extending downwards some distance and open at the
bottom. Within this casing, below the said gas chamber, is, firstly, a perforated
conical casing immediately surrounding the gas pipe, such casing being open at
bottom and closed at top, and surrounding this is a cylindrical casing, closed at
bottom by the conical casing and opening at top into the space surrounding the
gas chamber. Between the cylindrical casing and the outer casing is an annular
space, into w ich project small gas burners, branching from the central gas pipe.

page_text: By the draught produced by the combustion of the gas in the magnesia cage,
the air is drawn in at the lower end of the conical casing and issuing through the
perforations thereof, impinges against the surrounding cylindrical casing, which is
highly heated by the gas jets in the outer annular passage, so that the air becomes
heated to a considerable degree and, in rising up into the enclosed space containing
the small gas tubes, the hot air, in surrounding each tube, first heats the gas
passing up therein, and then enters into perfect combustion therewith on issuing
from the ends of such tubes into the magnesia cage.
The small gas burners for heating the cylindrical casing are, by preference, made
with oppositely inclined holes, so that the gas jet issues obliquely therefrom against 1
each wall of the annular passage, the two walls being either connected together by
-heat-conducting bars, or_in_place_ of the separate inner and outer walls of the
passage, may be used a solid annular piece of metal having a number of vertical-|
perforations through which the flame and products of combustion from the heating
gas jets pass upwards into a space above, whence they escape through side holes 1
into the air surrounding the burner.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent-filed by
the said Charles Denton Abel in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
19th December 1883.
CHARLES DENTON ABEL of No: 28 Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane in
the County of Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING INTENSE
WHITE LIGHT" A communication to me from abroad by Charles Clamond of Paris,
France
:
Theso improvements relate to the construction of burners or apparatus for the
production of intense white light by heating to incandescence a cago of magnesia
filaments or other suitable refractory material by means of the combustion of a
combustible gas or vapor and air, described in the specification to former patents
granted to John Imray N° 2035 of 1882 2757 of 1882 and 2110 of 1880, and to
myself No: 2290 of 1883, being communications from my foreign correspondent.
According to the present invention, the complete combustion of the gas is
effected within the cage without the previous admixture therewith of the requisite
supply of air.
For this purpose, a construction of burner is employed which will be understood
on reference to the accompanying drawings, in which fig. 1 shows a vertical section
of one arrangement of the burner. The gas enters the burner through the central
tube T, connected by a screwed socket N to the gas supply pipe, from which tubo
it passes into the chamber A on which are fixed a number of very small tubes tt,
from the upper end of which the gas consequently issues in small jets within
the cage of magnesia filaments The air supply drawn by the draught of the
chimney V into the lower end of the perforated conical shield B B passes through
the perforations and rises into the chambers C C and coming at the same time
in contact with the heated inner surface of the cylinder D D, it becomes thereby
highly heated. This heated air supply then passes among the bundle of small
tubes tt, surrounding each tube, so that the gas issuing therefrom is brought into
intimate contact with a separate supply of heated air, resulting in the production
of a number of small separato flames burning with great intensity within tho
magnesia cage.
The cylinder D is heated externally by a number of small gas flames burning in
the narrow annular space between the cylinders D and M, which may be connected
by distance pieces which serve to transmit the heat of M to D. The products
of combustion from the small jets escape through apertures S. The gas is supplied
to the small jets by bent tubes E E leading from the supply pipe T. It is preferred
to make the gas issue from these tubes through two diverging apertures, as shown
at fig. 2.
The annular combustion chamber between the walls M and D can be formed of
a single piece of metal having a number of small channels for the passage of the
products of combustion, as shown at fig. 3, thus offering a considerable surface for
the absorption of the heat from the flames Z.
By suitably varying the proportions of the orifices through which gas and air
supply issue, these burners may be used in connexion with any description of
combustible gas or vapor capable of developing the requisite heat, such as
bydrogen, carbonic oxide, hydrocarbon vapors, vapor of mineral oils &c, or mixtures
of these.
Having thus described the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same it is to be performed as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, I
claim in reference to burners of the kind hereinbefore referred to-
First: The arrangement of a number of small tubes t. t through which gas issues,

page_text: in combination with the chambers CC for the heated air supply, whereby a number
of small separate flames are produced within the magnesia cage, so as to heat the
said cage to incandescence without mixing the air with the gas previous to their
entering into combustion.
Second: The hereindescribed arrangement for effecting the beating of the air i
supply by contact with a cylinder heated by small gas jets.
Third: The arrangement of the branch gas tubes E with diverging orifices for
oblique gas jets serving to heat the cylinder D.
Fourth Constructing the inner and outer cylinders D and M of one piece of
metal having channels for the passago of the products of combustion as described 1
with reference to fig. 3 of the drawings
Fifth. The improved construction of burner combined and operating as herein
described, with reference to fig. 1 of the drawinga
In witness whereof I the said Charles Denton Abel have hereunto set my
hand and seal this nineteenth day of December. in the year of our Lord, one 1
thousand, eight hundred and eighty-three.
ATTAB n AREL 101