AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN FABRIC, APPLICABLE CHIEFLY WHERE STRENGTH AND DURABILITY ARE REQUIRED
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Vincent Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughts-
man, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN
FABRIC, APPLICABLE CHIEFLY WHERE STRENGTH AND DURABILITY ARE REQUIRED."
A communication
Sealed the 14th August, 1858, and dated the 3rd June 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Vincent Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 3rd June 1858.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN
FABRIC, APPLICABLE CHIEFLY WHERE STRENGTH AND DURABILITY ARE REQUIRED," to
be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the production of a woven fabric to be used as a
substitute for leather, or vulcanized india-rubber cloth, in the making of bands
for machinery, soles for boots and shoes, backs for card teeth in carding
machinery, and analogous purposes. The improvement consists in weaving
the warp threads in reference to the filling threads in a peculiar manner. The
filling threads pass straight across the line of warp threads as usual, but in
order to produce a thick fabric of great strength, and with a uniform texture
throughout, several sets of warp threads (say, twelve, or more, or less,) are
used and interlaced with the filling threads after the following manner :-The
two sets of warp threads which come to the outer surfaces of the fabric pass
above and below the upper and lower filling threads respectively, as in
Price 8d 1

page_text: ordinary cloth manufacture, in order to give a smooth and solid exterior
surface to the fabric above and below. The sets of warp threads, numbers
1, 1, and 4, 4, counting from the face of the fabric, pass around the first and
second sets of filling threads, and unite these two sets of filling threads
together. The sets of warp threads 3, 3, and 6, 6, pass around the second
and third sets of filling threads and unite them together. The warp threads
5, 5, and 8, 8, in like manner unite the third and fourth sets of filling threads
together, the warp threads 7, 7, and 10, 10, unite the fourth and fifth sets of
filling threads, and the warp threads 9, 9, and 12, 12, unite the fifth and sixth
fillingthreads together. Thus it will be understood, that each of the respective
sets of filling threads is united by a double set of warp threads to the filling
threads on each side of it, and that while the exterior surfaces are uniform and
smooth, the whole of this thick fabric is united throughout its mass, no straight
warp entering into its composition. In order to render this fabric insensible
to moisture, it may be saturated with a solution of caoutchouc or resinous
matter.
Another mode of interweaving thewarp threads on thesame principle, is to
make every set of warp threads turn around the outer filling threads, and cross
all the other filling threads diagonally; this unites all the filling threads
compactly together throughout, and, as in the other mode, there are no
straight warp threads in the fabric.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Alfred Vincent Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 3rd December 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALFRED
VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Alfred Vincent Newton, Her special license that I,the said Alfred Vincent
Newton,myexecutors, administrators, and assigns, or suchothers as I, the said
Alfred Vincent Newton, my executors, adininistrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,

page_text: exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for AN IMPROVED MANU.
FACTURE OF WOVEN FABRIC, APPLICABLE CHIEFLY WHERE STRENGTH AND DURABILITY
ARE REQUIRED," being a communication from abroad, upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, by an instrument
in writing undermy hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :--
This Invention, as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent
has for its object the production of a new article of manufacture to be used as
a substitute for leather, or vulcanized india-rubber cloth, in the making of
bands for machinery, soles for boots and shoes, backs for card teeth in carding
machinery,andanalogous purposes; and consists in weaving the warp threads
in reference to the filling threads in the manner shewn in the accompanying
Drawing by the black lines in Fig. 1, which is a longitudinal section of the
fabric, or a section parallel to the direction of the warp threads. In Fig. 2,
which is a section taken parallel to the filling threads, the threads will be seen
to pass straight across as usual from side to side of the loom, as shown by tho
red points in Fig. 1, and by the red lines in Fig. 2. It will be observed that
the two sets of warp threads 2, 2, and 1 1, 1 1, (Fig. 1.) which are on the
outer surfaces of the fabric, merely pass above and below the upper and lower
sets of filling threads respectively as in ordinary cloth manufacture, thus giving
a smooth and solid exterior surface to the fabric above and below. The sets
of warp threads 1, 1, and 4, 4, pass around the sets of fillling threads A, A',
and the sets of filling threads B, B1, and unite these two sets of filling threads
together. The sets of warp threads 3, 3, and 6, 6, pass around the filling
threads B, B, and C, C, and unite these two sets of filling threads firmly
together. The warp threads 5, 5, and S, S, in like manner unite the sets of
filling threads C, C', and D, D', together. The warp threads 7, 7, and 10, 10,
unite the filling threads D, 1), and E, E', and the warp threads 9, 9, and
12, 12, unite the filling threads E. E', and F, F', together. Thus, it will be
seen, that each of the respective sets of filling threads is united by a double

page_text: set of warp threads to the filling threads on each side thereof, and that while
the exterior surfaces are uniform and smooth, the whole of this thick fabric is
united throughout its mass. no straight warp entering into its composition.
The improved fabric can be worked on any jacquard loom by arranging the
cards and heddles to correspond with the position of the warp threads, shown
in Fig. 1.
It has been found by experiment that on such looms a thickness of four,
five, six, or more cotton or linen filling threads and twelve warp threads can
be readily worked, and will then produce a fabric of sufficient strength,
thickness, and uniform firmness of texture throughout as to answer as a
valuable substitute for leather or vulcanized india-rubber fabrics in the
making of machine belting, boot and shoe soles, machine card backs, &c. In
order to render this fabric insensible to moisture, it may be saturated with a
solution of caoutchouc or resinous matter.
Another mode of interweaving the warp threads on the same principle is
shown in Figs. 3 and 4, in which the warp threads are also coloured black,and
the filling threads red. In this fabric every set of warp threads turn around
the outer filling threads A, A', and F, F, and cross all the other warp threads
diagonally. This unites all the filling threads compactly together throughout,
and, as in the other mode, there are no straight warp threads in the fabric.
Having thus set forth the nature of the Invention of an improved
manufacture of woven fabric, applicable chiefly where strength and dura-
bility are required, and explained the manner of carrying the same into
effect, I wish it to be understood that under the above in part recited Letters
Patent I claim, the manufacture of stout textile fabrics for the purposes
above named, of considerable thickness, in which all the warp threads are
interwoven with the filling threads, substantially in the manner above
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton,have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Third day of December, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
A. V. NEWTON. (L.S.)