Tentering Woollen and other Woven or Felted Fabrics.
Year: 1885

page_text: Tentering Woollen and other Woven or Felted Fabrics.
We, GEORGE HENRY NUSSEY of Boar Lane Woollen Manufacturer, and WILLIAM
BRADSHAW LEACHMAN of Tonbridge Street Mechanical Engineer both of Leeds
in the County of York do hereby declare the nature of said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PRESSING AND TENTERING WOOLLEN AND
OTHER WOVEN OR FELTED FABRICS "
to be as follows:-
Our present improvements have reference to our Invention for which Letters
Patent were granted to us dated 20th November 1880 N° 4815 also to the invention
for which Letters Patent were granted to us dated 9th August 1872 N° 2370.
The object of our present invention is to provide an arrangement whereby the
machine can be regulated to suit the various widths of material preventing at the
same time press marks, also by arrangements of gearing we are enabled to set in
motion various parts of the machine, and to arrest such motion with a greater
degree of accuracy than hitherto, at the same time the material is more effectually
operated upon, consequently a better finish is given to such material.
Within suitable framework we employ a table raised by steam or hydraulic
pressure, but preferably by steam, brought to bear upon a ram underneath such
table. Above this table is carried on suitable supports another plate, all of the
above are of similar construction to those described in the Specification of the above
mentioned Patents.
In this machine also we employ plates of metal and also when required sheets of
press paper, these may be of any required number, such number depending upon the
number of times the material has to undergo the pressing operation.
After each pressing operation the material is moved along by travelling side
chains or belts, such material being attached to such chains or belts at its list by
means of hooks or pins attached to the upper surface thereof.
Between the upper and lower pressing plates we employ an arrangement which
consists of two parts fitted together in a diagonal direction so as to form one plate.
By the movement of one of these parts against the diagonal side of the other part
the width of such parts forming the plate can be reduced or increased to suit the
various widths of the material to be operated upon.
We arrange this operation so that it can be effected by the attendant or simul-
aneously with a reduction or increase of distance between the travelling chains or

page_text: belts. This is effected by combination of gearing connecting the various parts
referred to all of which can be operated by means of a brand wheel placed in a
suitable position on the machine.
The "tentering" operation is effected or performed as the material is passed
backwards and forwards through the pressing operation, such material being
conducted over rollers at a considerable distance right and left of the press.
We blow hot air in between the material which imparts the required degree of
heat thereto for tentering and drying purposes such heated air may be obtained by
passing such air through a cylinder heated by a steam pipe passing through its
centre or from some other convenient source.
In order to remove all press marks after the above mentioned operation of pressing
we pass the material over a steaming box mounted within the frame work and then
between pressing rollers which may consist of two or more sets, such sets may be
alternately hot and cold or all hot, or all cold, this entirely depending upon the
nature or quality of material operated upon.
In
It is very important in this machine that the movement of the material should
cense with certainty before the pressing operation commences. For this purpose
we provide a frictional clutch arrangement, whereby the gearing which is employed
for actuating the travelling chains or straps can be brought into action and thereby
impart the required movement to the material to be operated upon, or by with-
drawing the clutch from frictional contact the movement of the material ceases.
order to withdraw the friction clutch prior to each pressing operation we provide
a projecting piece on the rising table which operates in its upward movement on
an adjustable incline mounted on a lever engaged with the clutch causing by such
upward movement the lever to withdraw the clutch from frictional contact and
thus stop the motion of the chains as required prior to the closing of the plates for
the pressing operation. We further arrange along with the above levers and
weights in connection with the belt motion and can arrangement (which is employed
for intermittently setting in motion the lower plate for the pressing operation) so
that as the attendant by the movement of a lever brings the press into operation,
or stops the same, he can also throw the friction clutch in or out of action by the
one operation.
As some materials require merely the stretching and tentering operation, we when
additional heat is required for such operation enclose that part of the machine, for
the purpose of keeping in the heat, and also dispense with the pressing operation
passing the material over the hot pressed plates as often as may be required.

page_text: Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for Pressing and
Tentering Woollen and other Woven or Felted Fabrics.
We, GEORGE HENRY NUSSEY of Boar Lane Woollen Manufacturer and
WILLIAM BRADSHAW LEACHMAN of Tonbridge Street, Mechanical Engineer, both
of Leeds in the County of York do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our present improvements have reference to our invention for which Letters
Patent were granted to us, dated 20th November 1880 N° 4815 also to the
invention for which Letters Patent were granted to us dated 9th August 1872
N° 2370.
The object of our present invention is to provide an arrangement whereby the
machine can be regulated to suit the various widths of material preventing at the
same time press marks, also by arrangements of gearing we are enabled to set in
inotion various parts of the machine, and to arrest such motion with a greater
degree of accuracy than hitherto, at the same time the material is more effectually
operated upon, consequently a better finish is given to such material.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a front elevation. Fig. 2 a section through A. B Fig. 1. Fig. 3 a plan
looking on the top, and Fig. 4 is a further detail in section.
a is the framework of the machine. We employ a table b raised by steam
brought to bear upon a ram c under the table b. a represents the cylinder in
which the ram c is fitted and works. e is the steam chest which contains an
ordinary slide valve for intermittently admitting steam to the cylinder. Above
the table b is provided a plate f which is supported on and attached to the
framework a. These are all of a similar description to those described and
illustrated in the Patents granted to us dated 20th November 1880 and
9th August 1872 and respectively numbered 4815 and 2370.
In this machine we employ plates of metal g and also when required sheets of
press paper, these may be of any required number, such number depending upon
the number of times the material has to undergo the pressing operation.
After each pressing operation the material is moved along by travelling chains
or belts h and i, such material being attached at its list by hooks or pius r to the
chains or belts and i. Between the upper plate f and the lower plate or table b
we employ an arrangement of plates g each of which consists of two parts fitted
together in a diagonal direction as shewn at Z Fig. 3 so as to form one plate. By
the movement of one of these parts against the diagonal side of the other part the
width of such parts forming the plate can be reduced or increased to suit the
various widths of material to be operated upon. We arrange this operation so that
it can be effected by the attendant simultaneously with a reduction or increase of
distance between the travelling chains or belts h and i.

page_text: This increase or reduction in width is effected by the attendant through the
medium of the hand wheel n, by turning which the shaft o on which it is mounted
is caused to rotate.
On this same shaft are keyed the bevel wheels p and the skew or helical spur
wheel q. The bevel wheels are geared into other bevel wheels r on the screwed
shafts 8, t and u and on such shafts the chain pullies and we are provided with
nuts which engage with the said screwed shafts.
The
The skew or helical wheel q is geared into another skew or helical wheel x on
the screwed rod y attached to one portion of the plate g as shewn at z.
helical or skew spur wheel x forms a screwed nut and engages with the thread on
the rod y. It will be clearly seen that by causing the shaft o to revolve the
screwed shafts 8, t and u are also caused to revolve within their nuts, causing the
nuts to move backwards or forwards thereon (depending upon the shafts direction
of movement) moving at the same time the chain pullies and wand thus
increasing or reducing the distance between the chains or belts and i. Simul-
taneously with the above operation the helical wheel q on the shaft o being caused
to revolve imparts a rotary motion to the other helical wheel or nut x, by so doing
the screw moves both angular plates to which it is connected at z against the
angular side face of the other portion of the plate, whereby the width of the
combined plate g is reduced or increased as may be required in accordance with
the various widths of material operated upon.
The tentering operation is effected or performed as the material is passed by
means of the chains or belts h and i to which it is attached by the hooks or pins /
backwards and forwards through the pressing operation, such material being
conducted by the chains or belts h and i which pass over the pullies v and wat
one end of the machine and rollers or pullies 1 and 2 at the other end of the
machine. We blow hot air between the material which imparts the required
degree of heat thereto for tentering and drying purposes, such heated air may be
obtained by passing it through heated cylinders 3 and 4, thence through vertical
pipes 5 and 6 to horizontal perforated pipes 7 and 8 through which it is conducted
or directed between the layers of material as such material is passed backwards
and forwards during the tentering and pressing operation. The aforesaid
cylinders and 4 are heated by means of steam pipes passing through their
centres, or other suitable means.
Motion is imparted to the travelling chains, or belts h and i from driving
pulley 9 mounted on stud 10 attached to the bracket 11 on the framework a. On
this stud 10 is also carried the spur pinion 12 provided with a friction clutch 13
which can be thrown in or out of gear with the driving pulley 9 as hereafter
described. On another stud 14 attached to the bracket 11 is mounted a spur
wheel 15 in gear with the spur pinion 12, and on the same stud 14 is a bevel
wheel 16 which is in gear with another bevel wheel 17 on the vertical shaft IS
and from thence to the horizontal shaft 19 by bevel wheels 20 and 21. Through
this horizontal shaft 19 motion is given to the chain or belt pulley shaft by bevel
wheels 22 and 23, and also to horizontal transverse roller shaft 24 through bevel
wheels 25 and 26. Motion is imparted to the roller shaft 27 through the medium
of belt 28 from chain pulley shaft 29 through pulley 30.
The material after being tentered and pressed is conduced over horizontal
roller 31 then over roller 32 back again over roller 33 and then returning over
larger roller 34.
In order to remove all press marks after the above operation of pressing and
tentering we pass the material over a steaming apparatus arranged as follows:-
The steaming box 35 has provided therein a perforated steam pipe 36 which is
placed within the framework a on suitable supports 37. The material as shewn
at 38 is conducted from the tentering and pressing operation from the larger
roller 34 between rollers 39 and 40, over steaming box 35 thence between any
required number of sets of pressing rollers 41 and 42, such sets may be alternately

page_text: hot and cold, or all hot or all cold, this entirely depending upon the quality or
nature of the material.
It is very important in this machine that the movement of the material should
cease with certainty before the pressing operation commences.
For this purpose
we provide the frictional clutch arrangement whereby the gearing which is
employed for actuating the travelling chains or straps and i can be brought into
action and thereby imparts the required movement to the material to be operated
upon, or by withdrawing the clutch from frictional contact the movement of the
material ceases. In order to withdraw the frictional clutch 13 prior to each
pressing operation we provide a projecting piece 43 on the side of the rising
table b which operates in the tables upward movement on an adjustable incline 44
attached to a lever 45 engaged with the clutch 13 causing by such upward
movement the lever 45 to withdraw the clutch from its frictional contact and thus
stop the motion of the chains or straps and i as required prior to the closing of
the plates for the pressing operation.
The required pressure for bringing into gear the friction clutch 13 is imparted
by means of the weight 46 which is attached to the bottom of the lever 45 by a
chain 47. In order to prevent the frictional arrangement being thrown into gear
and prevent the continued motion of the chains or straps and i along with the
material; when the pressing operation is brought to a standstill we lift the
weight 46 by means of lever 48 operated by lever 49, rod 50, and lever 51 when
the belt is thrown onto the loose pulley so that all pressure is thereby taken off
the friction clutch.
We further provide along with the above an arrangement which is employed for
intermittently setting in motion the lower plate b for the pressing operation.
This is effected by driving pulley 52 which is keyed or otherwise fastened onto the
shaft 53 mounted in suitable bearing 54 on the framework a.
On this shaft 53 is provided a worm 54 which gears into a worm wheel 55 on
the cam shaft 56. On this cam shaft 56 is also provided the cam 57 and we
engage therewith the lever 58 mounted on a stud 59 supported on a bracket 60
attached to the framework a. The opposite end of the lever to that engaged with
the cam is engaged with the valve spindle 61. The cam 57 being caused to rotate
the slide valve through the medium of the lever 58 caused to open and close
alternately and thus intermittently impart the required motion to the lower table
or plate b for the purpose of bringing the required pressure to bear upon the
material operated upon.
Kound the pressing rollers 41 and 42 an endless sheet or web 62 is provided
for more perfectly conducting forward the material, and the feed to these rollers
are continuous.
An intermittent movement during the tentering and pressing operation is liable
to mark or damage soine material operated upon, and in order to avoid this we
arrange pressing rollers 63 and 64 which are of a similar character to the pressing
rollers 41 and 42, these are mounted on each side of the plate g as shewn at Fig. 4,
and pressure is imparted thereto by springs 65 or weights, as the material is
continuously feed through the machine.
The webs or endless sheets 62 which are mounted on the rollers, are caused to
travel and assist in conducting the material forward.
The above mentioned rollers may be alternately hot and cold or all hot or all
cold, this entirely depending upon the quality or nature of the material.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is
1st The general arrangement and combination of the various parts forming the .
machine for pressing and tentering woollen and other woven or felted fabrics,
substantially as herein set forth.

page_text: 2nd The means employed for adjusting the plates 9 simultaneously with the
travelling chains or belts h and i substantially as and for purposes herein set forth.
3rd The arrangement of apparatus for automatically imparting an intermittent
movement to the chains or belts h and i working in unison with pressing operation,
substantially as and for purposes herein set forth.
4th The arrangement and application of steaming box 35 and pressing rollers
41 and 42 for removing press marks substantially as herein set forth.
5th The arrangement and application of pressing rollers 63 and 64 in com-
bination with press plate g or papers, to be employed for continuous pressing,
substantially as herein set forth.
J. W. HARDING,
Agent.