IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING & UTILISING WATER AND OIL GAS
Year: 1885

page_text: CHARLES IRVINE CONYNGHAM BAILEY of The Pottery Fulham S.W. Stoneware
Manufacturer and SAMUEL CHAPMAN DEAN of 39 Bramber Road Fulham Agent
do hereby declare the nature of our invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING &
UTILISING WATER AND OIL GAS to be as follows:-
This invention consists of improved means of utilising gas, for heating kilns,
lighting works, ships and railway trains, and for household and culinary use by
improved retorts utilising the present kiln fires, the furnace fires, of stationary &
locomotive boilers or household fires where the degrees of heat up to and above
1000 degrees Fab-is used and maintained for 6 or 8 hours or more, for the gaseous
vaporisation of oil, or oil & steam.
In utilising the kiln fires we place an upright retort in the bags over the fires-
the retort filled with coke the bottom of the retort consists of hollow fire bars to
admit as desired air, steam, oil, or gas fitted at the top or where convenient with an
outlet for gas and an inlet for feeding coke to the retort so constructed that all
heat from the retort, when not making gas, passes from the retort into the body of
the kiln or furnace, the retort being closed or opened as required by means of a
slide damper, valve, or stopper When the retort is closed, then open the connection
for the gas to pass out, and turn on steam, the gas to be taken to a gasholder, or,
wherever required to be consumed.
Also, the retort for making gas for works ships, stationery or locomotive furnaces
or for household use, we make of any size or shape to fit in any position where
required. Say for example a retort 9" x 6" x 4" or the size of 2 bricks fitted
with inlets for oil and steam and an outlet for gas-These inlets & outlets can be
placed in any position for use such as the bridge or sides of boilers, marine &
locomotive furnaces or at the back of culinary ranges The gas made to be purified
& stored by any convenient known means.
C. I. C. BAILEY.
SAM C. DEAN.

page_text: We CHARLES IRVINE CONYNGHAM BAILEY of the Pottery Fulham S.W. and
SAMUEL CHAPMAN DEAN Agent 39 Bramber Road Fulham SW do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention is the application of water and oil gas to the firing of kilns, iron
furnaces, retorts, glass houses, muffles, boiler furnaces or, any furnace or place
where orange heat, say, 1,500 degrees F. is required and sustained, by utilising
the heat at present wasted in the roofs and walls of furnaces and kilns &c. for the
production of water gas (hydrogen) to be supplemented where high heats are
required with oil or other gas, adapted to the present form of kilns and furnaces;
occupying.no extra space whatever, for the production of heating gas.
The invention is also applicable for heating and lighting economically large
blocks of buildings, or, for the cremation of refuse and garbage. The gas can'be
used alone, or as an auxilliary to other fuels.
We make the roof and walls of kilns and furnaces, of hollow bricks to be so
formed as to make a continuous tube one inch or more in diameter when built, with
a separate inlet for steam, or vapor of water, and a separate outlet for gas,
(hydrogen) every 100 feet, or every 350 bricks, the gas so generated to be taken to
the fires direct, or conducted to be consumed in any part of the kiln, or'furnace, or
conveyed to a holder as desired.
The water gas so produced can be made into illuminating gas by passing it
through gasoline, or benzoline or any known means. The bricks to be made of
refractory material, and the joints made with a solution of silicate of soda and
alumina, preferably china clay.
In firing pottery kilns, and furnaces for similar purposes, we place in the present
fire holes channelled slabs of refractory material, to form a retort to fit the fire
holes, the channels in the slabs to be large enough to pass steam through, and to
bold a quarter inch diameter iron pipe with oil supply, to make oil gas when
required the water gas and the oil gas both to pass into the body of the retort.
The channelled slabs stand upon refractory fire bars, on these fire bars stands a
small oil gas retort made of refractory material, open at the top, fitted with an oil
supply, over this small retort stands one or more sets of refractory tubes in the
form of a grid fitted with both oil and water gas supply. The front of the fire
holes to be fitted with the necessary doors and apertures, to close completely, or
open at will to regulate the admission of air. The bags of pottery kilns are built of
hollow bricks so as to form a continuous channel for making water gas (hydrogen)

page_text: when the bricks are heated to over 1,200° degrees F., in each of the bags are two
or more tubes of refractory material, one inch inside diameter fitted with a steam
supply, which passes up the bag, in the tube, round the kiln inside by tubes, or in
the hollow bricks in walls or roof of kilns or furnace, and down the bag by tube
into the channels of the outer retort in the fire hole, to be consumed, at once.or
taken to a holder as desired, each section of tube or hollow bricks to be so arranged
as to give 100 feet of superheating surface, the steam supply.pipes to be only one
quarter the diameter of the tubes or hollow bricks they supply
3
The steam admitted into the tubes or hollow bricks is about 212° degrees F. and
quickly cools the tubes or bricks, the steam must be admitted gently, not with a
rush, Steam doubles its volume at about 700° degrees F, and becomes a heating gas
at 1,200° degrees F attention to this point is essential, as below 1,180° degrees F
incombustible vapors only are generated which act as "Extincteurs."
In starting the kilns, or furnaces the space between the inner and outer retorts
in the fireplaces to be filled with coal or coke, but this is not imperative as refrac-
tory material will do as well, after the water gas begins to be produced. Heat the
small oil retort by a jet of gas, or any known means, when heated turn on the oil
supply to the small retort. This will heat the refractory fire grids above it, then
turn on the oil supply into the refractory fire grids, these will heat the refractory
material, or coal, or coke in the retort, and these in turn will heat the channelled
slabs of the outer retort, and the iron tubes within the channelled retort, when these
are heated turn on the oil supply into the pipes, when the tubes and brick in the
bags, and in the walls and roofs of kilns and furnaces are heated to 1,500° degrees F
turn on steam into the tubes and hollow bricks, until the heat of the tubes, or
hollow bricks is reduced to 1,250 F, the water gas produced burns giving a heat of
2,800 degrees F as soon as the tubes and hollow bricks are sufficiently and
thoroughly heated, the supply of oil may be turned off, unless a greater heat than
2,500 degrees F is required, then a little oil gas, added to the water gas greatly
increases the heat, which can be raised by the addition of oil to 4,500 or 5,000
degrees F.
An immense quantity of gas will be made during the 40 hours firing of a kiln,.
which can be stored, or, used in heating the next kiln, when little, or no oil will be
required.
In a bench of gas retorts, we use a retort with channels in the materials of the
retort itself, running its length and returning, one inch in diameter to gain 100 feet
of superbeating, with a separate steam inlet, and pass the water gas so made into
the body of the retort, to mingle with the coal or oil gas whichsoever is being
made, we construct the arch &c over the gas retorts with the hollow bricks, we also
place a number of tubes of refractory material in the flues round the retorts, with
a separate steam supply, and a separate gas exit for every 100 feet of superheating,
and use this water gas supply, for heating the retorts, supplementing it with oil, or
other gas when required.
The tubes between the retorts, and in the flues of furnaces to be made of refrac-
tory material, or, of iron protected by refractory material in those parts of the
furnaces &c where the heat does not exceed 2,500° degrees F.
In applying this principle to boiler furnaces we place a bridge of hollow bricks
over the fire bars, and connect the hollow bricks with tubes of refractory material
placed in the flues around the boilers, and build the said flues with the hollow.
bricks, same as used for roofs and walls of furnaces with a separate steam or vapor
entrance for every 100 feet of superheating, the exit for the water gas so made to
be in the brick arch over the fire bars.
We start the boilers, with a small oil gas retort, and the refractory grid fire bars,
as described in firing a kiln, and the application of the invention to smelting
furnaces, mules, glass-houses, annealing furnaces, differs in no essential respect
from its application to kilos, furnaces, &c as hereinbefore described.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is
The construction of the walls, roofs, and flues of kilns and furnaces with the
inner course of hollow bricks built so as to form a continuous tube, or channel.
Slabs and retorts made with continuous channels.
Refractory tubes and iron pipes protected by refractory material in the flues of
furnaces for the production of water gas, by the decomposition of water, steam, or
aqueous vapor, the same occupying no useful space, and utilising the,--at present,
-wasted heat.