CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF COVERING THE CYLINDERS OP CARDING AND SCRIBLING ENGINES WITH WIRE CARDS, AND IN CONDENSING THE ROVINGS DELIVERED FROM SUCH ENGINES, AND ALSO IN APPARATUS FOR SHARPENING ox GRINDING THE POINTS OF THE CARDS, WHICH LATTER APPARATUS MAY ALSO BE EMPLOYED FOR GRINDING OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1843

page_text: LISTER, of Dursley, in the County of Gloucester, Card Manufacturer, and
EDWIN BUDDING, of the same Place, Machinist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Fifteenth day of June, in the sixth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the George
Lister and Edwin Budding, Her special licence, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that we, the said George Lister and Edwin Budding, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said George Lister and
Edwin Budding, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term
ofyears therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, our
Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF COVERING THE CYLINDERS
OP CARDING AND SCRIBLING ENGINES WITH WIRE CARDS, AND IN CONDENSING THE
ROVINGS DELIVERED FROM SUCH ENGINES, AND ALSO IN APPARATUS FOR SHARPENING
ox GRINDING THE POINTS OF THE CARDS, WHICH LATTER APPARATUS MAY ALSO BE
EMPLOYED FOR GRINDING OTHER ARTICLES; " in which said Letters Patent is con-
tained a proviso, obliging us, the said George Lister and Edwin Budding, by
an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and
seal of one of us, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of our said

page_text: Invention, and in what inanner the same is to be performed, and to cause the
same to be be enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited
Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more
fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Edwin Budding, on behalf of myself and of the said George Lister, do hereby
declare that the nature of our said Invention, and the manner in which the
same is to be performed, is particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following description thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
In covering the cylinders of carding and scribbling engines with fillets
or bands of wire cards, considerable difficulty has heretofore been found in
distending and keeping the fillets or bands tight, and at an equal tension upon
the peripheries of the cylinders whilst they are being fastened down thereon.
Our improvements therefore in the means of covering the cylinders of carding
and scribbling engines with fillets or bands of wire cords, which constitutes the
first part of our Invention, consists in the employment of a peculiar apparatus,
by means of which the long fillet or band of wire card is continually held in
tension whilst it is stretched over and wound in a helical curve round the
periphery of the cylinder.
The second feature of our Invention is a means of condensing the rovings
or slivers of filainentous materials delivered from carding engines so as to give
them a tenacity sufficient for the future operations of spinning. This is effected
by passing the collection of fibres delivered from a narrow band or fillet of
wire card between two rubbing surfaces, by the the friction of which the fibres
are compressed together, and made to adhere into compact form of slubbings.
The third head of our Invention is an improvement in apparatus for grinding
or sharpening the points of the wires of cards and other articles, which is
effected by the use of fillets of leather or other suitable material covered with
emery or other grit, which fillets are wound round suitable cylinders, and
may be readily replaced when worn by the substitution of fresh or new fillets
of a like kind.
In the accompanying Drawings Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the machine
invented by us for covering the cylinders of carding engines with bands or
fillets of cards; Fig. 2 is a front view of the same; (similar letters of reference
pointing out the same parts in both Figures.) a, a, a, represents the cylinder
about to be covered, which is made in the ordinary way of constructing

page_text: carding cylinders; b, b, is the fillet or band of card in the act of being wound
round the cylinder in an helical curve; c,c,c, is the framework or standards of
a carding engine, on which the axle or shaft of the cylinder is mounted in the
ordinary way. d, d, is a slide rest similar to those used for turning wood
rollers or cylinders, and which is made fast to the two side frames of the engine
by screw clamps or otherwise. Upon this slide rest is mounted a sliding
carriage e, on which is fixed a stationary hoop or barrel f. From the front of
this sliding carriage a socket is pendant, which carries the axle of a pinion g.
Along the under side of the front edge of the slide rest there is a rack h,h,
affixed, which the teeth of the pinion g take into. It will hence be perceived
that by turning the winch i the pinion will be male to rotate, and by its action
in the teeth of the rack h, will cause the sliding carriage e with its hoop f to
move laterally. This will be best seen in Fig. 2. When we are about to
attach a fillet or band of wire cards to the cylinder a, we pass the band
or fillet round the hoop or barrel f, and then make fast the end of the fillet to
the periphery of the cylinder near its edge in the usual way. The fillet is held
tight against the periphery of the hoopf by means of a friction clampk, which
is pressed tight against the face of the card fillet by springs. The clamp / is
held by two sliding rods / passed completely through the hoop in two places,
as seen in Fig. 2. Upon each of these sliding rods there is a compressed
helical spring m acting outwards, which is resisted at one end by the interior
of the hoop f, and at the other by an adjustable nut n capable of being moved
upon the rod for the purpose of giving any required degree of tension to the
spring. By these means the friction clamp k is drawn with considerable force
so as to produce any required pressure of the clamp upon the card fillet.
adjustable nut or stop p is screwed upon each of the sliding rods / for the
purpose of opening the clamp when the fillet is first introduced. Having
thus distended the fillet of card, in order to wind it round the cylinder a
in a helical curve, the cylinder a must be made to revolve upon its axis, and
at the same time the hoop and friction clamp k must be moved laterally, the
latter of which is done, as before described, by hand, by turning the winch i
and pinion g, which moves the hoop and friction apparatus along upon the
slide rest. The rotation of the cylinder a we effect by means of a toothed wheel
2, q, temporarily fixed upon the end of the shaft of the cylinder when we are
about to wind on the fillet of card thereon. This attachment of the wheel q is
done by four screws r, r, r,r, standing radially, or by any other convenient
This mode of attachment is desirable in order to apply the wheel to
axles of different diameters. The wheel ghas two circular bosses or shoulders
means.
An

page_text: 9
extending from it, one on each side, upon which the eyes of a forked bracket s
fit loosely, so as to enable the wheel to turn freely therein; and the arms of
the brackets are confined laterally upon the bosses by rings t, t. In order to
mount this forked bracket upon the bosses of the wheel we form the fork in
two pieces, and affix them together at the outer end by screws, as shewn at
Fig. 1. This outer end of the forked bracket has a socket, in which a vertical
shaft u is supported and turned by a winch. Upon this shaft is fixed a worm v,
which takes into the teeth of the wheel q; hence, by the rotation of the shaft
and worm u, v, the wheel q with the cylinder a is made to revolve slowly, and
to wind the fillet of card round its periphery, which is drawn from between the
hcop and clamp k, and by the friction of their serfaces is held with sufficient
tension to distend and lay the band or fillet tightly and evenly round the
cylinder. In order to hold up the outer end of the forked bracket in its right
position we have found it convenient to apply thereto a support w, which is
made adjustable as to length by a part of the support sliding in a socket,
thereby enabling the apparatus to be adapted conveniently to carding engines
of various heights. When the cylinder has been thus covered with the fillets or
bands of wire cards the end of the fillet may be held by a pair of pincers, as shewn
ata, in Fig. 3; a cord or strap y being attached to the arms of the pincers,
which cord or strap is fastened at the other end to a pin or stud z on the
sliding carriage, and by that means the end of the fillet is held tight upon the
cylinder whilst it is being secured by nails or other means. As the cylinders
of carding and scribbling engines are sometimes covered with sheet cards the
apparatus last described and shewn at Fig. 3 may be employed for the purpose
of holding the sheets distended whilst they are being affixed thereto. The
lesser cylinders, as the doffers, workers, and strippers of a carding engine, may
be covered with fillets of card by the same means and apparatus as that which
we have described in covering the main carding cylinder. The fillets, bands,
orsheets of card having been properly secured upon the peripheries of the card
cylinders, the whole of the apparatus marked from d to w is to be removed.
The ordinary appendages may then be applied, and the engine may be made
ready for work.
Our means of condensing the rovings or slivers of filamentous materials
delivered from a carding engine is represented in the Drawings at Fig. 4,
which is a side elevation of a portion of a carding engine with the novel parts
attached thereto; and Fig. 5 is a front view of the same. The fibres of the
material having passed through the carding engine in the ordinary way, they
are taken off the main cylinder by the doffer cylinder a, a. These doffer

page_text: cylinders are formed with series of separate rings, or narrow annular bands of
wire cards, from which the slivers are severally taken in strips and conducted
between rubbing surfaces, consisting of the rollers b, b, and the superincumbent
pressers c, c, from whence they are led off to lapping rollers, bobbins, or any
other suitable receivers. Fig. 6 represents a partial top horizontal view of
Fig. 4, shewing the forms and positions of the parts more evidently; and Fig. 7
is a section taken vertically through the rubbing surfaces only. The slivers
from the bands or rings of the doffer rollers, being taken off by doffer combs or
any other ordinary means, are severally conducted over the surfaces of the
revolving rollers b,b, which rollers derive their motion from any suitable part
of the engine, and the fibres are in that situation pressed upon by the surfaces
of the hollow pressersc, c. These pressers slide upon axles or horizontal guide
rods d, d, and may receive reciprocating lateral movements by means of a
T-formed lever e, (seen best in Fig. 5), which lever works upon a fulcrum pin
at its centre fixed in the standard frame. A crank or excentric pin f, at the
end of a horizontal shaft g, operates in a slot in the foot of the lever, and as the
shaftg is made to revolve by any convenient means connected with the engine,
the lever is caused to vibrate, and thereby to slide the pressers c, c, upon their
guide rods to and fro in lateral directions, or their lateral movements may be
effected by any other suitable means. Upon each of the axles or guide rods
d,d, a roller h,h, is fixed, which revolves by the friction of contact, and pinches
the fibres of the carded material against the rollers b, b, whilst the pressing and
rubbing is effected behind them. By these means the several strips of sliver
become compressed and condensed into distinct strands, or into the condition
generally denominated slubbings, and are thence led off by the rotation of the
rollers h, h, to be lapped or wound on bobbins, or into receptacles ready for
spinning.
It may be further observed, that the rubbing surfaces both of the rollers
and the pressers should be covered with leather or some other material capable
of producing a slight friction, in order to render them slightly adhesive. A
modification of this contrivance is shewn at Figures 8 and 9, by means of
which we are enabled to condense slivers, which are taken from card bands in
oblique directions, similarly to those described in the Specification of Mess
Brown and Walker's Patent, dated at Westminster, the Twentieth October,
One thousand eight hundred and forty-two. Fig. S is a horizontal represen-
tation, and Fig. 9 a vertical view of the improved parts detached. a is the
band, answering to the doffer cylinder; b, the friction roller; and c, the presser
The sliver doffed obliquely from the card band a, is passed between the
revolving roller b and the reciprocating sliding presser c, by which the fibres

page_text: are brought together into a condensed state, and led off' under the roller h, in
the form of what is called wool rollers, prepared for the mule or billy, the
rotary motion of the roller b and the reciprocating motion of the sliding
pressers c being effected by any convenient means, as described in reference to
the preceding Figures.
In preparing cylinders for grinding the points of cards and other articles,
we take long strips or fillets of leather or other suitable material, and after
coating them with a cement and emery or other grit in the usual way of
preparing emery cloth or emery paper, we wind the said strips or fillets tightly
round cylinders, in the same manner as described above in reference to cards,
as shewn in the Drawing at Fig. 10; and when the emery or grit of such
bands has been worn off by use so as to be no longer capable of working, we
strip the said rollers and re-cover them with such fillets in the like manner.
Having now described our Invention, and the manner in which the same
may be carried into effect, we desire it to be understood that we do not claim
the particular constructions and arrangements of machinery shewn in the
Drawings, any farther than as agents for performing our improved operations;
but those parts which we do claim as constituting the particular features of
our Invention are,-
First, the mode of distending and holding tight and even fillets, bands, or
sheets of wire cards upon the surfaces of cylinders, by means of the friction
and tension apparatus, and also the means of winding the fillets or bands of
wire card upon such cylinders as described, however that apparatus may be
modified or varied in form or position.
Secondly, the mode of pressing and condensing the slivers or rovings of
wool and other filamentous materials delivered from carding engines, by means
of the rotatory rollers and reciprocating sliding surfaces, as described.
And, thirdly, grinding the points and edges of wire cards and other articles,
by the use of fillets of leather or other suitable material, covered with cement
and emery or other grit, and wound round the peripheries of cylinders, as
shewn in the Drawings, whereby the grinding surfaces may be readily replaced
after they have become worn.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edwin Budding, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-three.
EDWIN (L.S.) BUDDING.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Thirteenth day of
December, in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid Edwin Budding came
before our Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specifi-
cation aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute in that case made and provided.
inrolled the Fifteenth day of December, in the year above written.