Improvements in Machines for Crushing or Reducing Lime, Cement, Minerals, and the like.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Dec., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 30th May, 1896-Accepted, 4th July, 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines for Crushing or Reducing Lime, Cement,
Minerals, and the like.
I, JAMES YATE JOHNSON, of 47 Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of London,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention (which has been
communicated to me from abroad by Emile Bailly, of Nancy, in the Republic of
France, Engineer,) to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to provide apparatus for efficiently crushing and
pulverizing any substances capable of being more or less finely divided, such as lime,
cement, gypsum (plaster of Paris), sand, porcelain-clay (kaolin), quartz, ores, baryta,
phosphates, slag or cinders, charcoal, mineral coal, coke, colours, chemicals, and
the like.
An apparatus constructed according to this invention mainly consists of a cylindrical
chamber or vat constituting the support or framework, whereon is mounted the
driving gearing which may consist of two bearings adapted to receive, respectively, a
vertical shaft and a horizontal shaft carrying a pair of bevel wheels the horizontal
shaft being provided with a driving pulley though, as will be readily understood,
this driving mechanism may vary according to the particular conditions under which
the machine has to be erected. The cylindrical vat is provided with a step-bearing at
its bottom, and with a pivot for the vertical shaft to turn on, and with funnel shaped
discharge hoppers disposed on its internal circumference.
There is also a circular trough and fitting within the lower part of the vat, and
wherein balls are adapted to move, the said balls being in any desired number and
being made of steel or any other sufficiently hard material; such balls being intended
to perform the crushing within the trough.
There is also a propelling disc of steel, or other suitable material, rigidly mounted
upon the vertical shaft and having somewhat the shape of a truncated cone, the sides
of which are of parabolic outline and recessed for the purpose of receiving the gyrating
balls; the recesses being connected by a rib or flange, and openings being provided
between them for the purpose of distributing" over the whole periphery of the
apparatus the material to be crushed.
There is also a wind chest or blast tuyere at the bottom of the vat, with ports
around the vertical shaft; such tuyere being connected by a pipe to a fan or other
apparatus capable of supplying a blast of air under pressure.
A conducting or feeding plate is secured to the vertical shaft above the tuyere, to
deflect and distribute the blast over the whole bottom surface and over the crushing
trough.
A sheet metal cover closes the vat, the said cover being packed by means of a
suitable stuffing box, where it surrounds the vertical shaft.
Special means are provided for the continuous charging of the crushing mill, they
being adapted to intercept and stop the dust stirred up or diffused by the blast, and
consist of a cylinder provided internally with an Archimedean screw, adapted to
convey the material to be crushed from a hopper into which it is first charged, to the
propelling disc; the screw being operated by means of a speed-reducing arrangement
receiving motion from the main horizontal shaft of the crushing machine.
The operation of the improved crushing mill is as follows:
After the machine has been set in motion, the material to be crushed is conveyed
from the hopper (which is kept constantly filled with the said material) by the

page_text: conveyor screw, on to the propelling disc whence, owing to the rotary motion, it is
driven through the openings in the propelling disc on to the surface of the crushing
trough where the gyrating balls in front of which it drops, crush and pulverize it.
The blast issuing from the tuyere around the vertical shaft, is deflected downwardly
by the feed plate on to the bottom surface, which it sweeps, as it does also the
crushing trough while another portion of the blast escapes through the spaces between
the gyrating balls and the openings in the propelling disc this portion then meeting the
other portion of the blast which tends to rise vertically, and the two currents mix and
flow on towards the discharging hopper or funnels of the vat.
After the blast has been properly adjusted, to suit the nature of the materials to be
crushed, such material, having been propelled by the disc, is by reason of its bulk,
weight or density, in suspension in the currents of air produced on different levels
within the trough, and therefore remains subject to the action of the gyrating balls
until it is reduced to dust.
As the dust is produced, it is immediately carried away by the blast and descends
into the discharge funnels with a view to being thence subsequently collected.
Owing to this arrangement the crushing is performed in a rational manner enabling
considerable saving of power to be effected. The heavier parts of the material to be
crushed drop into the lower part of the trough and have to travel around the whole
of its periphery to be crushed, while the lighter and finer parts, which remain on a
higher level, need scarcely be touched by the balls to be reduced to dust and
expelled by the blast.
The action of the blast is to prevent material from collecting between the bottom
of the vat and the propelling disc, as that would cause considerable friction and a
proportionate loss of power. Moreover the pivot or journal in this arrangement is
protected from any impurity, or dust, and constantly kept cool.
Dated this 14th day of December 1895.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines for Crushing or Reducing Lime, 'Cement,
Minerals, and the like.
I, JAMES YATE JOHNSON, of 47 Lincoln's Inn Fields in the County of London,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention (which has been
communicated to me from abroad by Emile Bailly of Nancy in the Republic of France,
Engineer) and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of this invention is to provide apparatus for efficiently crushing and
pulverizing any substances capable of being more or less finely divided, such as lime,
cement, gypsum (plaster of Paris), sand, porcelain-clay (kaolin), quartz, ores, baryta,
phosphates, slag or cinders, charcoal, mineral coal, coke, colours, chemicals, and
the like.
I will describe an apparatus constructed according to this invention with reference
to the accompanying drawings in which Figure 1 shews the apparatus in vertical
section, Figure 2 a part in elevation and Figure 3 a plan of the said apparatus.
The machine mainly consists of a cylindrical chamber or vat A constituting the
support or framework, whereon is mounted the driving gearing (Figure 1) which
may consist of two bearings B. Cadapted to receive respectively a vertical shaft D and
a horizontal shaft E, carrying a pair of bevel-wheels F. G the shaft E being provided
with a driving pulley H though, as will be readily understood, this driving mechanism
may vary according to the particular conditions under which the machine has to be
erected. The cylindrical vat is provided with a step-bearing I at its bottom and with

page_text: a pivot J for the vertical shaft to turn on, and with funnel shaped discharge hoppers K
disposed on its internal circumference.
There is also a circular trough L fitting within the lower part of the vat, and
wherein halls M' are adapted to move, the said balls being in any desired number
and being made of steel or any other sufficiently hard material; such balls being.
intended to perform the crushing within the trough.
A propelling disc N of steel or other suitable material is rigidly mounted upon.
the vertical shaft having somewhat the shape of a truncated cone, the sides of which
are of parabolic outline and recessed for the purpose of receiving the gyrating balls ;.
the recesses being connected by a rib or flange, and openings O being provided
between them for the purpose of distributing over the whole periphery of the
apparatus the material to be crushed.
"
A wind-chest or a blast tuyere P is arranged at the bottom of the vat, with
ports around the vertical shaft; such tuyere being connected by a pipe Q to a fan.
or other apparatus capable of supplying a blast of air under pressure.
A conducting or feeding plate R is secured to the vertical shaft above the tuyere
to deflect and distribute the blast over the whole bottom surface and over the-
crushing trough;
A sheet metal cover S closes the vat, the said cover being packed by means of a
suitable stuffing box T where it surrounds the vertical shaft.
Special means are provided for the continuous charging of the crushing mill, they
being adapted to intercept and stop the dust stirred up or diffused by the blast,.
and consist of a cylinder U, provided internally with an Archimedean screw u on
the shaft V, adapted to convey the material to be crushed from a hopper W, into
which it is first charged, to the propelling disc N; the screw u being operated by
means of a speed-reducing arrangement X Y Z, receiving motion from the main
horizontal shaft E of the machine.
The operation of the improved crushing mill is as follows:-
After the machine has been set in motion, the material to be crushed is conveyed
from the hopper W (which is kept constantly filled with the said material) by the
conveyor screw u on the shaft V, on to the propelling disc N, whence, owing to
the rotary motion, it is driven through the openings O in the said disc on to the
surface of the crushing trough L, where the gyrating balls M, in front of which it
drops, crush and pulverize it.
The blast issuing from the tuyere P, around the vertical shaft, is deflected
downwardly by the feed plate R, on to the bottom surface, which it sweeps, at it does
also the crushing trough L; while another portion of the blast escapes through
the spaces between the gyrating balls M and the recesses of the propelling disc N,.
this portion then meeting the other portion of the blast, which tends to rise
vertically, and the two currents mix and flow on towards the discharging hopper or
funnels K of the vat, as indicated by the arrows in Figure 1.
After the blast has been properly adjusted, to suit the nature of the materials to be
crushed, such material, having been propelled by the disc, is, by reason of its bulk,
weight, or density, in suspension in the currents of air produced on different levels.
within the trough, and therefore remains subject to the action of the gyrating balls
until it is reduced to dust.
As the dust is produced, it is immediately carried away by the blast and
descends into the discharge funnels K with a view to being thence subsequently
collected.
Owing to this arrangement the crushing is performed in a rational manner
enabing considerable saving of power to be effected. The heavier parts of the
material to be crushed drop into the lower part of the trough and have to travel
around the whole of its periphery to be crushed, while the lighter and finer parts,
which remain on a higher level, need scarcely be touched by the balls to be
reduced to dust and expelled by the blast.
The action of the blast is to prevent material from collecting between the bottom
of the vat and the propelling disc, as that would cause considerable friction and a

page_text: proportionate loss of power, moreover, the pivot or journal in this arrangement is
protected from any impurity, or dust, and constantly kept cool.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to he performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The special form of propelling disc with recesses adapted to distribute the
material to be crushed over the entire periphery of the trough, by depositing it
within the range and in front of the gyrating balls substantially as described.
2. The employment of a controllable blast or supply of air under pressure, the object
of which is to rationally classify or distribute the material to be crushed over the
operating surface of the trough, during the operation of the gyrating balls, and to
expel the same in proportion as it is reduced to dust or to powder in a state of more
or less fine division, substantially as described.
3. In machines for crushing or reducing materials, continuous charging apparatus
adapted to secure the entrance of the material to be crushed into the vat, while
effectually preventing any escape of the dust stirred up by the internal blast,
without the employment of any valve or other closing device, substantially as
described.
4. The improved machine for crushing or reducing lime, cement, minerals, and
the like, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by way of example
in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 29th day of May 1896.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.