IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND TREATMENT OF BEER IN ORDER TO PRESERVE IT AND TO
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander William Gillman and Samuel Spencer,
both of the Castle Brewery, Saint George's Road; Southwark, in
the County of Surrey, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE AND TREATMENT OF BEER IN ORDER TO PRESERVE IT AND TO
"
Sealed the 11th November 1873, and dated the 17th September 1873.
William
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander William
Gillman and Samuel Spencer at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 17th September 1873.
We, ALEXANDER WILLIAM GILLMAN and SAMUEL SPENCER, both of
the Castle Brewery, Saint George's Road, Southwark, in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the natur Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND TREATMENT OF BEER IN ORDER TO PRESERVE IT
AND TO RESTORE IT WHEN IT HAS BECOME SOUR," to be as follows:-
"

page_text: solution of the bi-sulphite of calcium and then with a solution of the
carbonate of potassium, sodium, or ammonium, or with the precipitated
oxide of calcium mixed with water.
In the treatment of beer which has become sour we employ a solution
of carbonate of potassium, sodium, or ammonium either together or
separately, combined in the same solution with the sulphite of potassium,
sodium, or ammonium.
In preparing this solution we prefer to employ about five pounds of
carbonate of potassium and about twelve ounces of sulphite of potas-
sium dissolved in about a gallon of water, or the sulphites of sodium
or ammonium may be substituted for the sulphite of potassium, or the
solutions may be prepared by passing sulphurous acid gas into solutions
of carbonate of potassium, sodium, or ammonium.
We also employ for this purpose calcic oxide or precipitated lime,
according to Letters Patent granted to us dated March 7, 1871, No. 607,
combined with the sulphite of potassium; sodium, ammonium, or
calcium.
We add these preparations to the beer in quantities suitable to
O SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said Alexander William Gillman and Samuel Spencer
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 17th March 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ALEXANDER
WILLIAM GILLMAN and SAMUEL SPENCER, both of the Castle Brewery,
5 Saint George's Road, Southwark, in the County of Surrey, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of September, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
0 seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Alexander William Gillman and Samuel
Spencer, Her special license that we, the said Alexander William Gill-

page_text: man and Samuel Spencer, our executors, administrators, and assigns;
or such others as we, the said Alexander William Gillman and Samuel
Spencer, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND TREATMENT OF BEER IN ORDER TO
PRESERVE IT AND TO RESTORE IT WHEN IT HAS BECOME SOUR," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Alexander William Gillman and :
Samuel Spencer, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our or their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal
of one of us or then, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent :
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Alexander William Gillman and
Samuel Spencer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly 2
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof,
that is to say :-
-
Heretofore it has been proposed in the Specification of Letters Patent
granted to Henry Medlock, dated March 30th 1861, No. 792, to employ
a solution of sulphurous acid or some salt of sulphurous acid as a means
for preserving fermented liquors, and this solution was added to the beer
during some stage of the manufacture, but preferably after the alcoholic
fermentation had taken place.
Now when using the monosulphite of calcium in the manufacture of
beer in order to preserve it from becoming sour a difficulty is experienced
in its use on account of its insolubility. By our Invention however we
are enabled to obtain all the benefits to be derived from the use of such
monosulphite of calcium in the preservation of beer without experiencing
any difficulty in the application thereof.
For the purpose of our Invention we employ a salt of sulphurous acid,
particularly the sulphites of potassium, sodium, or ammonium, or the

page_text: sulphite of calcium, in combination with a chloride or other soluble salt
of calcium, or the precipitated oxide of calcium, or the carbonite of
potassium, sodium, or ammonium.
The salt of sulphurous acid may be either the neutral or acid salt, the
base being combined with either one or two equivalents of acid.
In order to preserve beer the combination we prefer to employ is the
sulphite of sodium and the chloride of calcium, each dissolved separately
in water in the proportion of about six pounds of the sulphite of sodium
in about a gallon of water, and about three and a quarter pounds of the
chloride of calcium in about a gallon of water, and these solutions are
used in the proportion of about half a pint to a pint of each solution
per barrel of beer.
The aforesaid solutions may be added to the beer separately at the
same time or at different stages of the manufacture, or they may be used
in the water to be employed for mashing or in the beer after fermen-
tation has taken place, or in the cask before or after having been filled
with beer, or they may be mixed with the ordinary isinglass finings
previous to their use in the beer.
Instead of adding these solutions to the beer, as before described, the
casks to contain the beer may be rinsed out first with one solution, and
then after allowing it to soak into the wood the cask may be rinsed out
with the other solution; or the casks may be rinsed out first with a
solution of the bi-sulphite of calcium and then with a solution of the
carbonate of potassium, sodium, or ammonium, or with the precipitated
oxide of calcium mixed with water.
In the treatment of beer which has become sour we employ a solution
of carbonate of potassium, sodium, or ammonium, either together or
separately, combined in the same solution with the sulphite of potassium,
sodium, or ammonium.
In preparing this solution we prefer to employ about five pounds of
carbonate of potassium and about twelve ounces of sulphite of potassium
dissolved in about a gallon of water, or the sulphites of sodium or
ammonium may be substituted for the sulphite of potassium, or the
solutions may be prepared by passing sulphurous acid gas into solutions
of carbonate of potassium, sodium, or ammonium.

page_text: ammonium combined and applied in manner substantially as herein
described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Alexander William Gillman and
Samuel Spencer, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this
Sixteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-four.
ALEX. W. GILLMAN. (L.S.)
SAM. SPENCER.
(L.S.)