An Improved Method of Controlling Mechanisms by Means of Hertzian Waves.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 13th May, 1899
Complete Specification Left, 13th Feb., 1900-Accepted, 12th May 1900
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Method of Controlling Mechanisms by Means of
Hertzian Waves.
ERNEST WILSON, of 64, St. John's Park, Blackheath, in the County of Kent,
CHARLES JOHN EVANS, of 108, Castelnau, Barnes, in the County of Surrey, Elec-
trical Engineers, and HERBERT GODSAL, of 13, Bruton Street, Berkeley Square,
London, W., Barrister-at-Law, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
For controlling mechanisms by means of Hertzian waves, when it is desired to
control that in one of two or more circuits without affecting that or those in the
other or others, we employ receivers and coherers, or a common receiver and
coherers, one for every circuit or combination of circuits, each having a different
sensibility, the circuits of which control the circuit of the next more sensitive
one, in such wise as to prevent such circuit acting upon the mechanism in it; or
each receiver or coherer may be similarly connected to some or all of the more
sensitive ones; consequently only the mechanism in the circuit of the least
sensitive receiver or coherer responding to the Hertzian waves is affected. The
transmitter or transmitters can generate different strengths of waves at will, so
that such strength can be used as will affect the receiver or coherer the mechanism
in circuit with which it is desired to operate; but which will not be sufficient to
affect the next less sensitive one.
Dated this 12th day of May 1899
ERNEST WILSON.
CHARLES JOHN EVANS.
HERBERT GODSAL.
An Improved Method of Controlling Mechanisms by Means of
Hertzian Waves.
ERNEST WILSON, of 64, St. John's Park, Blackheath, in the County of Kent,
CHARLES JOHN EVANS, of 108, Castelnau, Barnes, in the County of Surrey, Elec-
trical Engineers, and HERBERT GODSAL, of 13, Bruton Street, Berkeley Square,
London, Barrister-at-Law, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
For controlling mechanisms by means of Hertzian waves, when it is desired to
control that in one of two or more circuits without affecting that or those in the
other or others, we employ receivers and coherers, or a common receiver and
[Price 8d.]

page_text: coherers, one for every circuit or combination of circuits, each having a different
sensibility, the circuits of which control the circuit of the next more sensitive
one, in such wise as to prevent such circuit acting upon the mechanism in it; or
each receiver or coherer may be similarly connected to some or all of the more
sensitive ones: consequently only the mechanism in the circuit of the least
sensitive receiver or coherer responding to the Hertzian waves is affected. The
transmitter or transmitters can generate different strengths of waves at will, so
that such strength can be used as will affect the receiver or coherer the mechanism
in circuit with which it is desired to operate, but which will not be sufficient to
affect the next less sensitive one.
In order that our invention may be more readily understood we will proceed
to describe it with reference to the figures annexed.
The figures annexed show diagrammatically some of the arrangements of
parts and connections which we may employ to achieve the desired result.
The receivers and transmitters we employ are those well known in connection
with Hertzian wave (or "wireless") telegraphy.
By a more sensitive receiver we mean one the coherer of which will respond
to a less strength of waves than a less sensitive one.
In the figures it will be convenient to represent a more sensitive receiver as
longer than a less sensitive one.
Throughout the figures like numbers indicate like parts.
In Fig. 1, which shows diagrammatically one method we may employ when
it is required to excite any one of three coils without exciting the others 1, 2, 3,
are receivers controlling respectively, in the usual manner, relay armatures 4, 5, 6,
so that when the receivers are affected by waves from a transmitting station the
corresponding relay armatures are actuated and make contact at 7, 8, or 9 and
consequently break contact at 10, or 11, and 12, 13, 14 are the coils of the appa-
ratus to be controlled which can be excited by a common battery 15. Now, (sup-
posing 1, to be less sensitive than 2, and 2 than 3,) such strength of waves being
generated at the transmitting station as will affect 3, but not 2, or 1:-the
armature will be brought into contact with 9, but armatures 5 and 4, will
remain down, a circuit is consequently formed such that the battery 15, sends a
current through 14 only; the circuit of 12, being broken at 7, and that of 13,
at 8. Again, such strength of waves being generated at the transmitting sta-
tion as will affect 3, and 2, but not 1, then the armatures 6, and 5, will be
brought into contact with 9, and 8, respectively but armature 4, will remain
down, a circuit is consequently formed such that the battery 15, sends a current
through the coil 13, only the circuit of 14, being broken at 11, and that of 12,
at 7. Again, such strength of waves being generated at the transmitting station
as will affect 3, 2, and 1-then the armatures.6, 5, and 4, will be brought into
contact with 9, 8, and 7, respectively, a circuit is consequently formed such that
the battery 15, sends a current through the coil 12, only, the circuit of 13, being
broken at 10, and that of 14, at 11.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of an analogous arrangement in which the coils 12, 13, 14,
can be excited each by a separate battery 16, 17, 18, as shown. With this excep-
tion the description given above of Fig. 1, applies also to Fig. 2.
If we only wish to control either of two coils, we omit 3, and the apparatus
appertaining to it: if more we add another receiver 34, and connect its circuit to
that of 3, similarly as the circuit of 3, is connected to that of 2, and so on, there
being one receiver for each coil to be controlled, each receiver being more sensi-
tive than the one next before it in the series.
In Fig. 3, is shown another method of producing the same result in which
19, 20, and 21, are the cores of electromagnets (which may be parts of relays)
carrying coils 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 (or these may be the coils of galvanometers),
which can be excited by batteries 27 28, and 29, as shown. These coils have
substantially the same number of ampere-turns when their circuits are closed by
the coherers of the receivers 1, 2 and 3, and each coil when it is the only one

page_text: on any core having its circuit so closed magnetises. it sufficiently to cause it to
lift its armature, and close its circuit. The magnetising force of 23, is opposed
to that of 24, and that of 25, to that of 26. Receiver 1, controls the supply of
current from battery 27, to coils 22, and 24. Receiver 2, that of 28, to 23, and 26,
5 and 3 that of 29, to 25. Now (supposing, as before, 1 to be less sensitive than 2,
and 2, than 3,) such strength of waves being generated at the transmitting
station as will affect 3; but not 2 or 1:-receiver 3, will allow battery 29, to
excite coil 25, which magnetises core 21, which actuates armature 6, and com-
pletes the circuit of 14, and 18. Again, such strength of waves being gene-
rated at the transmitting station as will affect 2, and 3, but not 1:--receiver 2,
will allow battery 28, to excite coils 23. and 26, consequently the circuit of 13,
and 17, will be made, but receiver 3, being also affected coil 25, will likewise be
excited, but its magnetising force is opposite and substantially equal to that
of 26, therefore armature 6, will not lift nor will the circuit of 14, 18, be com-
pleted. Again, such strength of waves being generated at the transmitting
station as will affect 3, 2, and 1, receiver 1, will allow battery 27, to excite
coils 22, and 24, consequently the circuit of 12, and 16, will be made, but
receivers 2, and 3, being also affected coils 23, 26, and 25 will likewise be
excited, but the magnetising force of 23, is opposite and substantially equal to
that of 24, as is that of 25, to 26, therefore armatures 5, and 6, will not be
actuated nor will the circuits of 18, 7, or 14, 18, be completed.
In Fig. 4, the coils 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35,-add their magnetising forces
and the cores 19, 20, and 21, can only lift their armatures when both coils on
them are excited, in this case, unless interconnected (e.g. as shown in Figs. 1,
and 2,) the circuits corresponding to all the receivers affected are made.
If we only wish to control either of two coils, we omit 3, and the apparatus
appertaining to it: if more, we add another receiver with connections and appa-
ratus appropiate to the particular method employed, and so on, there being one
receiver for each coil to be controlled, each receiver being more sensitive than
the one next before it in the series..
Fig. 5, shows another arrangement in which the circuits of the receivers con-
trol those of the more sensitive ones by opening them. 36, 37, 38, are coils
on cores 39, 40, as shown, when one only of the coils on 39, or 40, is excited it
can actuate its armature 41, or 42, which thus breaks contact with 43, or 44.
Batteries 48, 49, and 50, when 1, 2, and 3 are affected, excite coils 45, 46,
and 47, respectively, these coils may be the coils of a relay or of the apparatus
to be controlled. Connections are made as shown. Then, such strength of
waves being generated at the transmitting station as will affect 3, but not 2,
or 1-battery 50, will send a current through 47. Again, such strength of
waves being generated as will affect 3, and 2, but not 1:-battery 49, will send
a current through 46, and 38, which latter will magnetise 40, and cause 42, to
break contact with 44, so 50 cannot send a current through 47. Again, such
strength of waves being generated as will affect 1, 2, and 3:-battery 48, will
send a current through 45, 36, and 37, coil 36 will cause 41, to break contact
with 43, so 49, cannot send a current through 46, similarly 37, will cause 42, to
break contact with 44, and so 50 cannot send a current through 47. The
oils 36, 37, may be in parallel if desired. If another receiver be added to the
ight hand side of the diagram there will be three coils on the corresponding
ore, and so on. We may cause 41, when attracted by 39, to make a contact to
xcite 37, instead of having 37, connected to 36, 45, and 48, as shown, and so on,
his gives two coils on each core after the first.
When using a wire or vane common to all the coherers of a set we break the
ontinuity of the conductors between the vane and the coherers (or all but one
f them) by an air gap or by inserting a condenser, and interconnect the coherer
rcuits or the circuits controlled by them according to one of the methods above
escribed. Fig. 6 shows an arrangement of the condensers which can be used
hen a common vane is employed: in this figure 58, 59, and 60, are coherers,

page_text: 60, will respond to a less strength of waves than 59, and 59 to a less strength
than 58 such strengths being received by the common vane 51, connects to the
common vane and between this and the coherers are inserted condensers 52, 58,
and 54, as shown (or these may be air gaps;) to the sides of these remote from 51,
is joined one end of each of the coherers which have their other ends put to
earth or connected to the other vane, as the case may be. The connections 55, 56,
and 57 between each coherer and its relay are made, one between the coherer and
condenser (or air gap) and the other on the other side of the coherer, like battery
poles are to be connected to the condenser sides of the coherers, as shown. The
coherer circuits 55, 56, 57, or the circuits controlled by them are to be intercon-
nected in a manner similar to those described in connection with Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4,
or 5.
Any well known means may be provided for decohering the coherers. The
decohering circuit may be in the circuit controlling the apparatus, but sometimes
we may prefer it to be in a shunt across a part of it, or in a separate circuit
controlled by the coherer with its battery equal and opposed to that in the circuit
controlling the apparatus.
To adjust the sensibility of the receivers we may use more or less sensitive
coherers or make the vane or vanes longer or shorter; in the case of a common
vane we may adjust by means of the capacity of the condensers or the lengths
of the air gaps; or we may adjust it in any other suitable manner.
When these methods are used for signalling or rapid work in the methods
described in connection with Figs. 1, and 2, it is desirable that the relays should
be similar so that they may work about equally quickly or 4, should work rather
quicker than 5, and 5, than 6. In Fig. 5, 40, and 42, should work rather quicker
than 47, and 39, and 41, rather quicker than 46, so that, e.g. when 2, and 3, are
affected 40, and 42, should break the circuit of 47 before the latter operates
owing to 3 being affected.
It is obvious that there are many other ways of interconnecting the circuits
or of causing them to control, interfere with, oppose, or add to the effect of
another to obtain the desired result in a manner analogous to those above
described.
At the transmitting station we employ a transmitter such as is commonly
employed in Hertzian wave (or wireless) telegraphy. This we cause to gene-
rate such strength of waves as may be required to affect the receiver (or colerer
when using a common vane) the mechanism corresponding to which it is desired
to operate for the time being, but which will not be sufficient to operate the
next less sensitive one, this may be effected by varying the length of the vane
or vanes or by using different current strengths in the primary of the induction
coil or in any suitable manner. Or we may employ separate transmitters one
for each receiver (or coherer when using a common vane) one of which is capable
of generating such strength of waves as may be required to affect the receiver
(or coherer when using a common vane) the mechanism corresponding to which
it is desired to operate for the time being but which will not be sufficient to
operate the next less sensitive one, the other transmitters being similarly capable
of affecting their corresponding receivers but not the next less sensitive ones,
this may be effected by having their vanes of different lengths, or their coils of
different strengths or by otherwise suitably adjusting them.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that
what we claim is:-
1. For controlling mechanisms by means of Hertzian waves, so arranging the
circuits and the mechanisms to be controlled through several receivers of different
sensitiveness, that when waves are being transmitted of sufficient strength to
affect one of the several receivers of the set, so as to cause the mechanism in its
circuit or combination of circuits to be acted upon, then any more sensitive

page_text: receiver or receivers of the set will be prevented from causing the mechanism
arranged to be controlled by it or them through its or their circuit or circuits
to be acted upon for the time being, substantially as described.
2. For controlling mechanisms by means of Hertzian waves, so arranging the
circuits and the mechanisms to be controlled through several coherers of different
sensitiveness, that when waves are being transmitted of sufficient strength to
affect one of the several coherers of the set, so as to cause the mechanism in its
circuit or combination of circuits to be acted upon, then any more sensitive
coherer or coherers of the set will be prevented from causing the mechanism
arranged to be controlled by it or them through its or their circuit or circuits to
be acted upon for the time being, substantially as described.
3. For the purpose of influencing at will a more or less sensitive receiver or
coherer of a set such as hereinbefore described, a transmitter made adjustable
at will, substantially as described, to generate waves of the strength requisite
to affect the receiver or coherer it is required to influence for the time being, as
and for the purpose described.
4. The hereinabove described method of controlling mechanisms by means of
Hertzian waves.
Lane 1000
- אזי
CHARLES JOHAN
ERNEST WILSON.
HERBERT GODSAL.