Improvements in Horizontal Windmills.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Oct., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 28th June, 1894-Accepted, 18th Aug., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Horizontal Windmills.
We, JAMES MOORE and HENRY FOSTER JOSEPHS, of Karachi, in the Province
of Sind, in the Empire of India, respectively Superintending Engineer to the Sind
Press Company, Limited, and Superintendent to the Sind Steam Lighterage
Company, Limited, do hereby declare the nature of our invention to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to improvements in windmills. In carrying it into effect
we provide a vertical post capable of rotation in suitable bearings. The latter may
be provided and supported, both top and bottom, or either, by any suitable means.
Horizontal sails standing in the vertical plane radiate from, preferably, opposite
sides of the central post and at equal angles. Each side consists, preferably, of a
pair of horizontal arms and a set of vanes. The vanes are connected with their
respective arms in such a way that the pressure of the wind shall close them in the
plane of the sail on one side of the post and open them on the other. The motion
of the mill will therefore be from the wind on that side of the post where the vanes
are held in the plane of the sail, and against it on the opposite side, where the vanes
will give way before the wind and let it pass through the sail.
We do not confine ourselves to the constructional details of the vanes, as they
may be varied to any extent. We instance the following constructions as meeting
the requirements of our invention.
Vanes pivotted upon vertical axes, the latter being to one side of the respective
vanes and, preferably, on or in the sides away from the central post: vanes pivotted
upon horizontal axes situate in or upon the top arms of the sails: vanes hung by
rings from horizontal rods fast to the top arms.
The vanes may be made of any material strong enough to resist the pressure of
the wind.
Dated this 24th day of October 1893.
PHILLIPS & LEIGH,
Agents for the Applicants.
Improvements in Horizontal Windmills.
We, JAMES MOORE and HENRY FOSTER JOSEPHS, of Karachi, in the Province
of Sind, in the Empire of India, respectively Superintending Engineer to the Sind
Press Company, Limited, and Superintendent to the Sind Steam Lighterage
Company, Limited, do hereby declare the nature of our invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained.
in and by the following statement :-
Our invention relates to improvements in horizontal windmills and the object of
it is to simplify their construction, decrease their cost and increase their efficiency.
Figure 1 is a front elevation of one modification of our invention.
Figure 2 a detail front elevation on a larger scale of one of the sails and a portion
of the opposite one.
Figure 3 is a sectional plan taken on the line 3-3 of Figure 2.
Figure 4 is a plan illustrating the action of a mill constructed as illustrated in
the previous figures.
Figure 5 is a plan illustrating the action of a mill constructed according to a
modification.

page_text: cation.
Figure 7 is a detail end elevation corresponding with Figure 6.
Figure 8 is a detail front elevation.
Figure 9 a detail end elevation, and
Figure 10 a plan of a further modification.
Referring to Figures 1 to 4, a, a, is a vertical frame. b is a vertical post adapted
to revolve on an adjustable pivot b¹ carried by and projecting downwards from the
top cross piece of the frame, and in a step bearing on the base of the frame.
Horizontal sails project in pairs from the post 6 in the manner shewn in
Figures 1 and 4. Those of any pair project from diametrically opposite sides of
the post above and below the respectively adjoining pair, but no two sails are in the
same vertical plane inasmuch as they radiate from the post at equal angles. As
there are twelve sails in the mill illustrated, the angle at which any sail is set to
the post b with reference to the one immediately above or below and right and left
of it is 30°.
All the sails are of the same length and width and of identical construction
throughout. Each consists of a frame and vanes. The latter are shewn as three
in number. A frame consists of two horizontal sides c, c, two ends c¹, c³ and two
intermediates c, c; the whole joined together in any suitable way, the two inter-
mediates being at equal distances from each other and from the respectively
adjacent ends. d, d, d are the three vanes. Each is a rectangular frame covered
or filled with canvas or similar material. In point of area, a vane is large enough
to cover one of the openings in the sail frame. It is pivotted along one end to
either the end c' or to one of the intermediates c³. e, f is a pair of mitre gears
through which the power and motion of the mill are communicated to a shaft g
which carries a driving pulley h. The vanes are pivotted upon the following sides
of the sail frames.
The tendency of the wind to produce a regular rotary motion in such a mill as is
above described, will be understood from an inspection of Figure 4. The vanes on
half of the sails will be opened by the wind, and those on the other half, closed
against the sail frames and held there until the motion of the mill has swung them
round until their leading sides face the wind. As the sails are at a small angle
with each other, the wind cannot travel far before another sail is under the full
stress of the wind, and as only opposite sails are in the same plane, the wind
cannot by getting cornered exert its power in opposite directions.
Referring to Figures 5, 6, and 7, the modification illustrated therein consists in
pivotting the vanes upon the top rail c of the sail frame instead of upon the outer
end or intermediate rails.
Referring to Figures 8, 9, and 10, the vanes of the preceding constructions are
replaced by a curtain like fabric i hung from a rod j aligned with and made fast
upon the side of the top rail c of the sail frame. c, care vertical rods set in the
frame at short distances apart to support the fabric i against the wind so long as
the relative position of them holds the fabric between the sail frame and the wind.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is,
The hereipbefore described improvements in windmills whereby there is produced
a regular rotary motion by a constant effective pressure.
Dated this 18th do of June 1804
PHILLIPS & LEIGH.
22, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicants.