Improvements in Machinery for Making Brushes,
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Feb., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 9th Nov., 1892-Accepted, 10th Dec., 1892
.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery for Making Brushes,
We, PATRICK KENNEDY of No. 105 Johnson Street, Machinist, CHARLES
JOSEPH DISS of No. 334 Pearl Street, Machinist, and ROBERT CANNAN, of
No. 197 Fulton Street, Machinist, all in the City of Brooklyn, State of New York,
United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The object of this invention is to bore the holes in a block of wood or other
material, separate the proper number or quantity of bristles from the pile of bristles
for forming each tuft in the brush, and drawing in the bristles into the holes in the
block automatically, and in so doing a cord or wire, preferably the latter, is made
use of.
In carrying out this invention the block of wood is fastened to a pattern plate,
preferably of metal, through which plate there are holes corresponding in number
and position to the bunches of bristles, and usually the holes diverge, especially
around the edges of the block, so as to occupy the proper positions for the tufts of
bristles, and this pattern plate is held by a universal joint mechanism, so that it
can be swung to bring the holes into line with the boring tool, and there is a volute
guide plate and rack having holes corresponding to those in the brush, and
pantograph levers that connect the parts so that the movement is reduced and
made accurate that is given to the brush block.
A boring tool is provided that passes in through the hole in the pattern plate. to
bore the brush block, and the boring tool is actuated by bands and pulleys and
receives an endwise movement, and after each hole is bored an eye pointed needle
is passed up through the brush block and pattern plate and carries the wire or cord,
and the bunch of bristles or similar fibres are passed through the loop of thread or
wire and drawn down through the pattern plate into the brush block by the
up into the
receding movement of the needle, and in so doing the bristles are bent
tuft and properly inserted into the brush block and the parts are moved for the next
operation.
The proper driving shaft and pulleys and cams are provided for giving motion to
the respective parts and in the proper time with each other, and upon the main bed
of the machine a standard is provided which carries most of the operative parts.
The movable frame on the upper part of the machine is supported by rollers, and
there is a pinion receiving a half rotation every movement of the machine which
acts upon the rack on thé volute plate so as to follow the volute of the plate and
give motion to the same to bring the holes of the volute rack plate into the
respective positions, and this is much larger than the brush block so that the
motion may be reduced by the pantograph connections and give the correct mation
to such brush block, and after the entire operations have been performed, a stop
mechanism is brought into action and the parts returned to their normal position.for
commencing on another brush block.
The pantograph levers are fitted with ball joints and connections to allow for the
motions to be given in any direction, and the brush block and pattern plate are held
in gimbals that allow of the parts swinging according to the direction in which the
holes may be bored.
It is preferable that the boring tool shall act from above the block downwardly
and that the eye pointed needle shall be projected upwardly through the hole bored
in the block so as to receive the bunch of bristles.
There is a presser foot that is brought up against the under side of the brush
block to support the same during the boring operation and it also sustains the block

page_text: while the bristles are drawn into place, and there is a tuft stop that prevents the
bristles being drawn too far by the action of the wire or cord, and a clamp is
provided for holding the wire or thread during the tightening operation as the tufts
are drawn into the brush block.
The bristles are put into a holder or hopper and bristle forceps are made in such
a way as to take away from the lower part of the pile of bristles sufficient bristles
for forming one tuft or bunch, and the bristle forceps are opened and closed by
mechanism, so as to take the bristles and convey them from the bristle box or
holder to the loop of wire or thread.
An arm and levers acting upon spring fingers are made use of in connection with
stops so as to ensure the correct delivery of the bristles from the box to the fingers,
and the bristle box or hopper is formed widest at the top, so that the bristles settle
down into the apex of the hopper, and the bristles are pressed down automatically
so as to be sufficiently consolidated for the proper number to be taken off each
movement of the parts, and the bristles are lifted from time to time in the hopper
or box, so that when they settle down again they may properly drop into the lower
part of the box, and there is a bristle lifter to agitate and loosen the bristles so that
they may fall straight or nearly parallel to each other at the place where the bunch
is separated.
There is a gate that is made use of in connection with the bristle lifter to prevent
the parts becoming impeded or the bristles caught so as to obstruct the motion of
the parts, and there are steadying fingers acting in connection with the bristles as
they are taken from the bristle box, and one of the separators made use of has a
point with a double inclination passing in between the bristles to separate the layer
or tuft from the rest of the bristles in the bristle box, and this lifts the bristles in
the box to agitate them.
The bristles are being properly separated from the mass of bristles in the bristle
box during the time that the hole is being bored, and when the eye pointed needle
with the thread or wire has been passed up through the bored hole the bristles are
carried automatically into the loop of wire and the tuft is drawn down into its hole,
as before stated, and then the pattern plate and brush block are moved to the
position for the next hole to be bored by the pantograph and volute plate and
pinion, the boring takes place, and the operations are repeated.
Dated this 23rd day of February 1892.
BREWER & SON,
Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery for Making Brushes.
We, PATRICK KENNEDY, of No. 105 Johnson Street Machinist CHARLES
JOSEPH DISs, of No. 334 Pearl Street Machinist and ROBERT CANNAN of
No. 197 Fulton Street Machinist, all in the City of Brooklyn State of New York,
United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of the invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement :-
The object of this invention is to bore the holes in a block of wood or other
material, separate the proper number or quantity of bristles from the pile of bristles
for forming each tuft in the brush, and drawing in the bristles into holes in the
block automatically, and in so doing a cord or wire, preferably the latter, is made
use of.
In carrying out this invention the block of wood is fastened to a pattern plate,
preferably of metal, through which plate there are holes corresponding in number
and position to the bunches of bristles, and usually the holes diverge, especially
around the edges of the block, so as to occupy the proper positions for the tufts of
bristles, and this pattern plate is held by a universal joint mechanism, so that it can

page_text: be swung to bring the holes into line with the boring tool, and there is a volute
guide plate and rack having holes corresponding to those in the brush, and
pantograph levers that connect the parts so that the movement is reduced and made
accurate that is given to the brush block.
A boring tool is provided that passes in through the hole in the pattern plate to
bore the brush block, and the boring tool is actuated by bands and pulleys and
receives an endwise movement, and after each hole is bored an eye pointed needle
is passed up through the brush block and pattern plate and carries the wire or cord,
and the bunch of bristles or similar fibres are passed through the loop of thread or
wire and drawn down through the pattern plate into the brush block by the receding
movement of the needle, and in so doing the bristles are bent up into the tuft and
properly inserted into the brush block and the parts are moved for the next
operation.
The proper driving shaft and pulleys and cams are provided for giving motion to
the respective parts and in the proper time with each other, and upon the main bed
of the machine a standard is provided which carries most of the operative parts.
The movable frame on the upper part of the machine is supported by rollers, and
there is a pinion receiving a half rotation every movement of the machine which
acts upon the rack on the volute plate so as to follow the volute of the plate and
give motion to the same to bring the holes of the volute rack plate into the
respective positions, and this is much larger than the brush block, so that the motion
may be reduced by the pantograph connections and give the correct motion to such
brush block, and after the entire operations have been performed, a stop mechanism
is brought into action and the parts returned to their normal position for commencing
on another brush block.
The pantograph levers are fitted with ball joints and connections to allow for the
motions to be given in any direction, and the brush block and pattern plate are held
in gimbals that allow of the parts swinging according to the direction in which the
holes may be bored.
It is preferable that the boring tool shall act from above the block downwardly
and that the eye pointed needle shall be projected upwardly through the hole bored
in the block so as to receive the bunch of bristles.
There is a presser foot that is brought up against the under side of the brush
block to support the same during the boring operation and it also sustains the block
while the bristles are drawn into place, and there is a tuft stop that prevents the
bristles being drawn too far by the action of the wire or cord, and a clamp is
provided for holding the wire or thread during the tightening operation as the tufts
are drawn into the brush block.
The bristles are put into a holder or hopper and bristle forceps are made in such
a way as to take away from the lower part of the pile of bristles sufficient bristles
for forming one tuft or bunch, and the bristle forceps are opened and closed by
mechanism, so as to take the bristles and convey them from the bristle box or holder
to the loop of wire or thread.
An arm and levers acting upon spring fingers are made use of in connection with
stops so as to ensure the correct delivery of the bristles from the box to the fingers,
and the bristle box or hopper is formed widest at the top, so that the bristles settle
down into the apex of the hopper, and the bristles are pressed down automatically
so as to be sufficiently consolidated for the proper number to be taken off each
movement of the parts, and the bristles are lifted from time to time in the hopper
or box, so that when they settle down again they may properly drop into the lower
part of the box, and there is a bristle lifter to agitate and loosen the bristles so that
they may fall straight.or nearly parallel to each other at the place where the bunch
is separated.
There is a gate that is made use of in connection with the bristle lifter to prevent
the parts becoming impeded or the bristles caught so as to obstruct the motion of
the parts, and there are steadying fingers acting in connection with the bristles as
they are taken from the bristle box, and one of the separators made use of has a

page_text: point with a double inclination passing in between the bristles to separate the layer
or tuft from the rest of the bristles in the bristle box, and this lifts the bristles in
the box to agitate them.
The bristles are being properly separated from the mass of bristles in the bristle
box during the time that the hole is being bored, and when the eye pointed needle
with the thread or wire has been passed up through the bored hole the bristles are
carried automatically into the loop of wire and the tuft is drawn down into its hole,
as before stated, and then the pattern plate and brush block are moved to the
position for the next hole to be bored by the pantograph and volute plate and
pinion, the boring takes place, and the operations are repeated.
In the drawings,
Fig. 1 is a front elevation of the machine.
Fig. 2 is a side elevation with the fly-wheel removed.
Fig. 2 is a section through the upper part of the machine, showing sliding plate
and volute rack and parts adjacent thereto.
Fig. 3 is a plan of the driving-pulley and the parts adjacent to the bearing for
the cam-shaft.
Fig. 4 is a plan of the shaft, gearing, cams, and connections to such cams, the
other parts being removed from the vertical frame for greater clearness.
Fig. 5 is a plan of the guide bars on the upper part of the frame.
Fig. 6 is a plan in larger size of the volute rack.
Fig. 7 is a plan of the mechanism for actuating the rack-pinion.
Fig. 8 is a plan of the pattern-plate holder.
Fig. 9 is a longitudinal section, in larger size of a brush-block and its pattern
plate at the line a¹¹, Fig. 8.
Fig. 10 is a cross section of the same, in larger size, at the line y¹ y', Fig. 8.
Fig. 11 is a side elevation, and Fig. 12 an inverted plan, of the brush-block and
pattern-plate.
Fig. 13 is an elevation of the drill mechanism.
Fig. 14 is a side elevation of the bristle-feed mechanism.
Fig. 15 is a front elevation of the same.
Fig. 16 is an elevation at right angles to Fig. 15.
Fig. 17 is a plan view of the bristle-feed.
Fig. 17 is a rear view of the bristle-feed.
Fig. 18 is a vertical section showing the bristle-forcep mechanism.
Fig. 19 is a plan view of the same, the standard of the machine being in section.
Fig. 20 is a cross section at the line ca of Fig. 19.
Fig. 21 is a front elevation of the mechanism for drawing in the bristles.
Fig. 22 is a side elevation of the same.
Fig. 23 is a detached section in larger size, and Fig. 24 is a plan of the presser-
foot and tuft-stop.
Figs. 25 to 39, inclusive, show a modified form of the bristle-feed mechanism
adapted for finer quality of work.
Fig. 25 is a front view of the modified form of the mechanism for supplying the
bristles, and Fig. 26 is a plan view of the same.
Fig. 27 is a plan view of the bottom plate of the bristle box.
Fig. 28 is a partial rear view of the bristle-box and the mechanism therewith
connected.
Fig. 29 is a vertical section in front of the bristle-separator.
Fig. 30 is a vertical section in the rear of the bristle-box.
Fig. 31 is a front end elevation of the sliding holder.
Fig. 32 is a rear end elevation of the same and of the bed-plate.
Fig. 33 is a side elevation of the sliding holder.
Fig. 34 is a plan view of the same, and Fig. 35 is an inverted plan of the same.
Fig. 36 is a side elevation of a modification of the bristle-feed.
Fig. 37 is a sectional plan view at the line y y, Fig. 36; and
Fig. 38 shows the link connection of the bristle-feeding mechanism, and

page_text: or box.
Fig. 40 is a plan view, in large size, of the bristle-forceps with the forceps-stock
and the guide slides in section.
Fig. 41 is a cross section at the line 33, Fig. 40; and
Fig. 42 is an end view of the bristle forceps.
Referring especially to Fig. 4, it will be seen that the driving mechanism is
composed of a shaft A and driving pulley B, a second shaft A' and connecting
gears B. These are supported by suitable bearings upon the bed-plate C, and upon
the shafts A and A' are the cams made use of for giving motion to the respective
parts, as hereinafter designated. Near the middle of the bed C is a vertical
standard or frame D that carries the principal portions of the operative parts, and
near the top of this standard D is a bracket D that extends out at one side of the
frame D, and upon this bracket the grooved bars 2 are fastened, and above the
same are similar grooved bars 3, that cross over the bars 2 and are framed or
connected together by the bars 4, and there are upon these bars 4 rollers 6, that
are within the grooves in the bars 2 to support the weight, and also rollers 5, that
take against the edges of the bars 2, so that the frame composed of the bars 3 and 4
can be slid longitudinally of the bars 2 with but little friction.
Above the bars 3 is the sliding plate E, having flanges that pass down outside of
the bars 3, and upon these flanges are rollers 7, that pass into the grooves in the
bars 3 and sustain the weight, and the rollers I run at the edges of the bars 3, so
that this plate E is kept in its proper position upon the bars 3; but it can roll
backward and forward freely upon such bars 3, and in consequence of the plate E
being adapted to roll upon the bars 3 in one direction and the frame of bars 3 and 4-
to roll in the other direction upon the bars 2 the plate E can be moved to any
desired position, and at the same time it will remain parallel at its edges to the
bars 2. Upon the top of the standard D is the head-stock F, coming up in the
form of an arm that extends out over the sliding plate E and bars 2 and 3, and it
is of a length sufficient to allow the plate E to be moved freely in any direction
beneath it, and there is upon the end of this head-stock F a shaft 10, having at the
bottom end thereof a pinion 9, and this shaft 10 receives an intermittent rotation
by the gear wheels 12 and 13 and a ratchet wheel 11, connected with the gear
wheel 13, and a pawl 14, and arm 15, and a link 16 for moving this ratchet wheel
one tooth every complete movement of the machine, and the parts are so pro-
portioned that the pinion 9 makes one-half revolution to each tooth that is taken
up upon the ratchet wheel. The link 16 is sufficiently long to reach the lever G,
that is beyond the vertical portion of the head-stock F, and extends down to the
cam G¹ on the shaft A, and this cam G¹ is shaped so as to move the lever G and
link 16 and give one-half rotation to the pinion 9 at the proper time in relation to
the other parts of the machine. Upon the surface of the sliding plate E is an
elliptical volute toothed rack 8, (see Fig. 6,) the rack having a smooth side and a
toothed side, and the space between these parts is sufficient for the pinion 9; but
the pinion is kept in gear with the rack teeth, and the shape of the elliptical volute
rack is such as to correspond to the positions in which the holes are to be bored in
the brush-block; but it is much larger than such brush-block, in order that there
may be the necessary leverage in moving the parts, and it is to be borne in mind
that when the operation is commenced the pinion 9 is to be at the inner end of the
rack, and that the first hole bored in the brush block corresponds to this position,
and that after the pinion has been revolved one-half turn the second hole is to be
bored, and so on until all the holes have been bored and the brush block completed,
and when the pinion has traversed the whole length of the volute rack and is
adjacent to the hole 73 the operation is completed and the stop mechanism herein-.
after described is brought into action to arrest the further movements of the parts,
and after the brush block has been removed the shaft 10 and pinion 9 are lifted
bodily by the head or knob upon the upper end of the shaft 10, there being a.
feather or key upon such shaft that allows of this movement, and the pinion 9 is.

page_text: lifted above the volute rack 8, so that the plate E may be moved and brought back
to the original position and the pinion 9 passed down into the rack teeth at the inner
end of such rack.
At the ends of the plate E are ball joints 18, through which pass vertical lever
bars 19 that are fastened to the ball pivots 20, that are supported in sockets upon
brackets H', extending out from standards on the cross frame H, that extends out
from the vertical standard D. The brush block pattern plate is on a plate I, that
rests upon the brackets I¹ I', that extend out horizontally from the standard D,
and this plate I is flat upon its under side and slides freely upon such brackets I',
and there are ball joints 21 near the ends of this plate, through which the vertical
levers 19 pass and it will now be understood that these levers 19 and ball joints act
as a pantograph to give motion to the plate I corresponding to the motion given to
the plate E by the pinion 9; but the motion given to the plate I is in an opposite
direction and is reduced, it being preferable to make the volute rack about three
times as large as the brush block, the levers 19 being three to one at the respective
ends that project from the pivot balls 20. Upon the upper surface of the plate I are
bearings I² for the pivots 22 of the elliptical gimbal 23, and 24 are the secondary
pivots supporting the pattern plate, and upon the under side of this pattern plate is
a guide plate 25 and the clamps 26, between which clamps 26 the brush block L is
received, which brush block is usually of wood.
Upon reference to Figs. 9 and 10 it will be seen that the pattern plate and guide
plate are perforated with holes and that these holes are parallel in the middle ranges
and that the end and side ranges diverge, the holes through the patteru plate K
being larger than those through the guide plate 25, and the holes through this
guide plate are tapering and correspond at the lower small end in size with the
boring tool 30, (see Fig. 13,) and which is hereinafter described, the object being
to allow the boring tool to pass freely through the pattern plate K and then
be guided accurately in boring the hole through the brush block L. The
pattern plate K and guide plate 25 may be made in one piece instead of being in
separate pieces, as shown in the drawings. It will be observed that the upper
surface of the pattern plate K is made with offsets or steps, one for each line
of holes, the object being to allow the pattern plate to swing in its gimbals
in the proper direction to bring each hole in succession vertically and in line
with the boring tool and with the needle, the upper surfaces of the offsets coming
successively against the under side of the stationary guide T, Figs. 18 and 19, as
the boring and bristling operations are performed as hereinafter set forth. In
one of the bearings I2 there is a sliding pin with a spring 28, and the lever 27.
is made use of to draw back this pin and disconnect the gimbal 23, so that it and
the pattern plate and brush block can be taken out after the brush block has been
completed and another brush block L applied to the pattern plate and the parts
returned to place to be acted upon in boring the brush block and inserting the
bristles. Upon the standard D is a bracket M for the reception of the arbor 31
and pulley 32, by which the boring tool 30 is revolved. The belt around the
pulley 32 may go to any suitable wheel that is made use of in rotating the shaft
and boring tool. The arbor 31 slides freely through the head stock M², upon the
bracket M, and the pulley 32 is upon a slotted tube around the arbor 31, and there
is a stud upon the arbor 31, sliding in the slotted tube as the arbor and drill are
moved endwise by the arm 26 upon the slide bar 34 that is acted upon by a
lever 35, (see Fig. 13,) and N is a cam upon the shaft A, which acts upon the bent
lever 35, which is fulcrumed at 37, to raise the bar 34, arbor 31, and boring tool 30,
and the spring N' is made use of in forcing down the boring tool as the boring
progresses, the cam N being shaped in such a manner as to give or allow of these
motions at the proper time. Beneath the brackets I¹ and supported by the
standard D is the head N2, through which passes the bar O', having at its upper
end a presser foot O, that is adapted to be brought up against the under side of
the brush block to hold the same while the boring operation takes place, and it also
supports the brush block while the tuft is being drawn into the hole after such hole

page_text: has been bored. This bar O' is acted upon by a lever O³, and the cam 0³, which
is shaped to act at the proper time to draw down the presser foot against the action
of the spring O, which spring presses upwardly against the collar upon the bar 65,
which bar 65 is a continuation of or acts below the presser bar O¹. The needle l'
is upon the upper end of the needle bar P¹, and there is a lever P2 and cam P³,
which give to the needle bar and needle a vertical movement at the proper time
to cause said needle P to pass through the hole in the presser foot O and up
through the hole in the brush block and through the pattern block K, and this.
needle P has an eye point that carries the thread or wire used in drawing in and
bolding the tufts of bristles, and this needle P is caused to descend slightly and
form a loop of thread or wire at one side, through which loop passes the forceps T,.
hereinafter described, (see Figs. 18 and 19,) and these forceps T grasp the bunch
of bristles or other fibres and draw the same into the loop of needle thread, so.
that such loop of needle thread is at the middle of the length of bristles, and as.
the needle descends the bunch of bristles is folded double, forming a tuft, and the
tension upon the wire or thread draws such bunch of bristles down into the larger
holes in the pattern block K, and the tapering holes in the guide plate 25 concen-
trate the folded bristles and guide the same into the previously bored hole in the
brush block L. At this time the presser foot O is held up firmly against the under
side of the brush block L, and there is in the opening through the presser foot a
tuft-stop S in the form of a small cam pivoted at its lower end and having a
spring S¹ acting against one side of it, so that such tuft-stop swings upon its pivot
to allow the needle to pass up and down; but the spring swings the stop over
toward the thread and sufficiently closes the hole in the presser foot to prevent the
tuft drawing down into the same, and thereby forms a tuft-stop to regulate the
proper drawing in of the bristles into the brush block. This needle P and needle.
bar P are acted upon at the right time by a lever P2 and cam P³, the shape of
which cam is such that the proper movements are given to the needle, and it is.
preferable to employ a groove or shell cam, so as to give motion in both directions.
to the needle bar and needle. The thread or wire 39 is supplied from a suitable
spool and it passes between tension disks 40 and beneath the tension clamp 41,
through an eye upon the head N2 and through an eye upon the reciprocating
tension bar R, and thence up through a guide eye to the needle.
The tension clamp 41 is provided with a pin and spring 43, and there is a
lever Qupon the pivot 44 with a link Q to the bent lever Q, which is acted upon
by a cam Q³ upon the shaft A¹, and this cam is so shaped as to relieve the tension
clamp 41 at the time the needle is rising and carrying with it the wire or thread 39,.
and this clamp 41 is allowed to hold the wire or thread during the time such wire
or thread is being tightened and the tuft drawn down into the brush block, and the
reciprocating tension bar R is acted upon by a lever R' and cam R² to draw down
the eye upon the tension bar and take up the slack thread and draw such thread
down to the proper distance in drawing down the tuft and taking up the slack of
the wire or thread.
From the foregoing the construction and mode of operation of this machine will.
be apparent so far as the presentation of the brush block successively to the action
of the boring tool, the boring of the holes, and the drawing in of the bristles, and
these parts are available regardless of the special device for supplying the bristles.
to the forceps. We have shown two devices for supplying such bristles to the
forceps, those devices which are shown in Figs. 1, 2, 15, 16 and 17 being of a
simpler form than those shown in the other figures, and we will first describe
the simpler form and then proceed to describe the more complicated and more
accurately working device shown in the other figures, which are preferably for fine
work. The forceps next described, however, are available with either device for
supplying the bristles.
The bristle forceps T T¹² are at the end of the movable stock T', that is within
stationary guide slides T2 that are partially within the vertical standard D, and
the bristle forceps are made of two parts, one part T¹² being in the form of a finger

page_text: and the other T in the form of a shallow trough, into which a small bunch of
bristles is received and held by the closing of the finger T¹². The moving
finger T2 of the forceps is pivoted at 47 on the stock T₁, and there is a shaft 48
within the stock T¹ that is rotated, as hereinafter described, and has upon one end
a cam 49 that acts against the inner end of the moving jaw of the forceps to close
or open the same, and there is a small strap 151, fastened at 152 to the inner end
of the movable finger T2, and the other end of this strap, in the shape of a hook,
passes over a pin 150 placed eccentrically on the cam 49, and when this cam turns
away from the inner end of the movable finger T12 the pin 150 pulls the strap 151
and on the inner end of T2, and thereby opens the forceps to be ready for the
next operation. The shaft 48 is provided with a longitudinal slot for a key within
the pinion 50, and this pinion 50 is between guides or bearings, through which the
sbaft 48 passes, and below such pinion is a rack 51, to which end motion is given
for revolving the pinion to the proper extent and opening and closing the forceps
upon the pivot screw .47. The forcep stock T' can be moved end wise within the
guide slides T by the action of the lever T³, (see Fig. 18,) and this lever T3
receives its motion from a link T' and cam T on the shaft A, the cam being shaped
so as to give the movement at the proper time, and there is a lever 52, hinged to
the rack bar 51 and pivoted at 56, and a spring 53, link 54 and cam 55 to give to
this rack bar 51 the end motions at the proper time. After the bristles have been
separated from the mass of bristles in the bristle box or holder hereinafter described
the forceps T T are moved forward and pass through the loop of needle thread or
wire and grasp the bunch of bristles and draw them back over the plate or support T
until the ends are equi-distant from the loop of the needle thread, and then the
forceps are opened to liberate such bristles and to allow the tuft to be drawn into
the brush block, as before described.
It will be understood that the spring 53 is fastened at one end to the shaft 48
and at the other end to the stock T, and it is partially wound up by the rotation
of the pinion 50, and by its recoil the pinion 50 and shaft 48 are moved in the
opposite direction to the motion given by the cam 55 and the rack 51.
The more simple mechanism for separating the bristles from the mass of bristles
in the bristle box U is represented in Figs. 14, 15, 16, 17 and 17. In these the
bristles of a proper size are laid into the box U in a mass and parallel to each
other, as usual, and there is an inclined bottom to this bristle box U, so that the
bristles will slide down the same to an acute angle at the bottom. Parallel to the
bottom of this bristle box is a shaft U', having at one end a pulley U2, that is driven
by a band from the pulley U upon the shaft U, that is held in bearings upon the
bracket M, and at the other end of this shaft U is a pulley U, with a belt to the
pulley U on the shaft A¹, (see Fig. 4). These belts are sufficiently tight to rotate
the pulley U and the fingers 57, that project from the shaft U; but when this
pulley U2 is stopped, as hereinafter described, the belts slip upon their respective
pulleys. These fingers 57 are made pointed at the end and compose a star-wheel,
the fingers being pivoted on pins and provided with springs, so that they yield
easily to any obstruction. The position of the shaft. U is such that the points of
the fingers 57 project slightly within the bristle box U as they pass through the slot
in the side thereof. (See Fig. 17.) Hence the fingers 57, moving in the direction
of the arrows, Fig. 15, tend to draw down the bristles into the apex of the bristle
box by a slightly scraping action; but they do not injure such bristles in so doing,
and they prevent the bristles remaining in the upper part of the box and not passing
down regularly and successively into the apex. At one side of the bristle box U
an arm or bracket M extends out and supports the bent lever 61, and
also the V-slide 60, and in the bracket M is a vertical slide bar V that is moved by
the lever and the cam V2 upon the shaft A, which cam is shaped in the proper
manner to give a movement to this slide bar V for supplying the bristles, and there
upon the slide bar V a finger 62, that enters the slotted end of the bent lever 61,
80 as to move the same and reciprocate the slide 60 by a pin that connects the other
end of the lever 61 with said slide 60, and upon the V-slide 60 there is a stop
is

page_text: finger 66, and upon the pulley U2 are pins 67, so that by an upward movement of
the slide V the stop finger 66 is withdrawn from contact with one of the pins 67 on
the pulley U to allow such pulley U2 and the spring fingers 57 to turn and act
upon the bristles, as before mentioned, and then the stop finger 66 again arrests the
movement of the pulley U2, as this finger is pushed in the path of one of the pins 67;
when the slide 60, which carries the finger 66, is pushed forward by the downward
movement of the slide bar V and finger 62, which, as before mentioned, enters the
slot in the bent lever 61, and the other slotted end of lever 61 acts on the pin 153,
carried by the slide 60.
In the bottom of the bristle box U is an opening 65, and beneath this opening is
a rocking finger 64, the lower end of which is formed as a shaft passing through the
bracket that extends down from the bracket M', and at the other end of this shaft
is a second arm 59, that is drawn toward the lower end of the bent lever 61 by a
spring, and upon the lower edge of the slide 60 is a separator 58 in the form of a
blade, the point of which is near the apex of the hopper U. Hence as the slide 60
is moved in one direction the stop finger 66 releases the pulley U2 and allows the
spring fingers 57 to draw down the bristles to the apex of the hopper, and as the
slide 60 is moved in the other direction the separator 58 passes above the bunch of
bristles that are made use of to compose the tuft or bunch that is inserted into the
brush block. Such bristles lie in the notched upper edge of the rocking finger 64,
and simultaneously with this movement the rocking finger 64 is pressed downwardly
a small distance, so that the ends of the bunch of bristles, passing down through the
opening 65 below the separator 58 and in the notch of the rocker finger, are in line
with and ready to be grasped by the forceps T as they pass forward to grasp the
same and draw them out of the bristle box, as hereinbefore described. It is
therefore to be understood that the needle P passes up through the hole in the
bearing plate T sufficiently high for the loop of needle thread to be thrown out at
one side and then the forceps T in a closed condition pass through that loop, open
and grasp the small bunch of bristles, and draw them back to the proper point, so
that their ends are equidistant, or nearly so, from the needle, and the forceps open
and leave the bristles lying in the loop of needle thread or wire, and then the needle
draws down the thread or wire, folds the bristles in half as it draws them through
the hole in the bearing plate T6, and such bristles are drawn down into the brush
block, as before described, thus completing one operation of the machine. The
brush block is then moved to the proper place, the hole bored therein, and the
bristles drawn into place and the operations are repeated.
We will now describe the device which we have found preferable to place upon
this machine for the finer quality of work and the more accurate supply of bristles
The slide
to the forceps. These parts are shown in Figs. 25 to 39, inclusive.
bar V is actuated as before described; but the shaft Us, instead of being rotated,
receives an oscillating motion from the revolving shaft A' by means of the cam 92,
roller or pin 93, connecting rod 91 and crank 90, and there is upon this shaft U' an
arm 94 and a connecting rod 95 to the lever 96 for giving motion to the parts
hereinafter described. The rod 91 is returned by the spring 155, one end of which
is fastened to this rod 91 and the other end of which is fastened to the sleeve 156
around the shaft A', as shown in Fig. 38, or to some other part of the bed plate of
the machine. The bristle box U is supported from the bracket M, and it has
within it the vertical stationary bars 97, that retain the vertical pile of horizontal
bristles in their proper position within the bristle box, these bars taking the place
of the fourth side of the bristle box, thus giving better facilities to lay in the
bristles, and at the bottom of the bristle box is a bed plate Y, (shown in the detached
view 27,) and this bed plate has within it grooves or slots for the reception of the
parts hereinafter described. Below the bed plate Y the slide Y' is supported by
the plates Y, and it is reciprocated by the crank arm 99 upon the shaft of the
lever 96, and at opposite sides and beneath the bristle box are two fingers 98.
(See Fig. 30, and in dotted lines in Fig. 25.) These fingers 98 extend up above
B

page_text: the top of the bed plate Y, and the slide Y¹ and fingers 98 are moved backward and
forward beneath the pile of bristles, and the action of these fingers is to press the
lower bristles of the pile forward and away from the bars 97, so that they will be
supplied to the place from which they are removed. Above the plate Y is a bristle
lifter 101, which is guided within the box Y³, and the forward end of it is bevelled
upwardly, as seen by dotted lines in Fig. 25 and in the section Fig. 39, and the
under edge of this bristle lifter is cut away, so as to leave a narrow space between
the under edge of the bristle lifter at the point thereof and the top surface of the
bed Y. The object of this bristle lifter is two-fold: first, it runs under and its
inclined top surface lifts the pile of bristles and they are agitated and loosened and
fall down more nearly straight and parallel as the bristle lifter is drawn back and
they spread out evenly upon the surface of the plate Y, and, second, the lower
range of bristles is separated from the upper range of bristles and a thin layer of
bristles is received into the space between the under surface of the bristle lifter and
the top surface of the plate Y, and the parts are so timed that the bristle lifter 101
is first moved forward to raise up the pile of bristles and separate those that are to
be made use of in supplying the forceps at the next operation, and then the fingers 98
press this thin layer of bristles toward the point of delivery, so that they
become properly compact or close together. This bristle lifter 101 receives its
motion from the slide bar 103, having a cross bar or arm 102, and a pin projects
up from the bristle lifter through the slot in box Y3 and into the cross bar 102,
and there is upon the inner face of the bristle box U a vertical gate 108, secured
by countersunk screws 109, passing through slots in this gate 108, and at the lower
end of this gate 108 are prongs projecting downwardly, (see Fig. 30,) and these
correspond to the grooves in the inclined point of the bristle lifter 101, (see
Fig. 26,) so that these prongs prevent the bristles being caught between the under
edge of the gate 108 and the top surface of the bristle lifter 101, and the operation
cannot become impeded by a misplaced bristle. The bent lever 104, Fig. 28, that
gives motion to the slide 103, receives its motion from a pin 106 upon the head 107
of the slide V, this slide bar V receiving its motion from the lever V₁ and cam, as
aforesaid. Upon the outer face of the bristle box U are guide plates U°, between
which slide the vertical separator 115, which receives its motion from the head 107
by the pin 117, and the lower edge of this vertical separator 115 is bevelled in both
directions, as seen in Figs. 29, 36, 25, and 39, and it serves to separate from the
layer of bristles that is carried over beneath the bristle lifter and separator 101
those bristles that are to form the tuft. There is a bristle recess 116 formed by
the undercut bevel of the raised portion of the bed Y, and into this bristle
recess 116, the bristles that are separated by 115 are received, and the ends of these
bristles project, as seen in the plan view, Fig. 27, and the bed Y is cut away
at 130, Figs. 27 and 28, to give room for the forceps to pass in and grasp the small
bunch of bristles, as before described. The lever arm 96 extends below its pivot
or shaft, and it is connected by a link 110 to the crank arm 111 upon the shaft 112,
and there are upon this shaft the steadying fingers 113, (see Figs. 25 and 29,) that
pass up through slots in the bed Y, and as the fingers 98 are moved forward the
shaft 112 is partially rotated, so as to swing the upper points of the steadying
fingers 113 back and below the upper surface of the bed Y. This movement takes
place after the bristle lifter 101 has gone forward and separated the bristles that
lie
upon the surface of the bed Y from those that are above them in the bristle box.
Thereby this layer of bristles is carried forward beneath the bristle lifter 101 and
below the gate 108, and the vertical separator 115 is at this time raised up, and
there is a sliding holder 118, moving in a dovetailed groove at one end of the
bed Y, Fig. 32, and provided with projections or pins 158 at its forward end,
Figs. 31, 33, 34, 35, and 37, and this sliding holder 118 has been moved forward,
so that the pins 158 at its forward end project slightly under the bristle box, but
not quite as far as the inner surface of the separator 115, and the forward end of
this holder 118 is cut away in its under middle surface, so that the, point of the.

page_text: separator 101 passes into the same. Hence the bristles at this time are held below
the point of the separator 101 and between the fingers 98 and the pins at the enl;
of the holder 118, and there is upon the top of this sliding holder 118 à cap plate 131,
which can be adjusted on the sliding holder 118, so as to vary the distance that
the pins 158 on the sliding holder 118 project under the bristle box, after which
the two parts 118 and 131 of the sliding holder are firmly clamped together by the
screw 140, and they move together, and the cap plate at this time has been pro-
jected so that its end is closed up against the outer face of the bristle holder U,
and the forward end of the cap plate 131 is bevelled, so that as the vertical
separator 115 passes down it presses back this cap 131, and the small number of
bristles that are to compose the tuft are separated from the rest of the layer of
bristles beneath bristle lifter 101 by the double inclination point of the
separator 115 passing in between the bristles and separating the proper number,
and by the bevelled point of separator 115 these bristles are carried bodily in a
lateral direction as the holder 118 and cap 131 slide back until the bristles to form
the tuft are received beneath the undercut portion 116 of the bed Y, as before
mentioned. In order to control the movements of this sliding holder 118, we
make use of a bent lever 121 upon the fulcrum shaft 122, and there is a pin 125 on
the head 107, (see Fig. 37,) so that as the slide V and head 107, are lifted the
pin 125 raises the bent lever, 121 and acts upon the pin 123 upon the cap plate 131
and moves the same, and also the holder 118, forward, and in the top of this
cap plate 131 is the notch 132, into which drops the latch lever 119, which latch
lever has the shaft 122 for its fulcrum, and it is provided with an arm and a
spring 124 to throw the end of the latch into the notch 132, and there is also an
arm 133 connected with the latch lever 119, and upon this arm 133 the pin 120,
that is upon the head 107, acts to lift the point of the latch out of the notch 132
at the proper time. This latch 119 is lifted upon the downward movement of the
head 107, just before the vertical separator 115 reaches the end of the plate 131.
Hence this plate 131 can slide back by the action of the inclined end of such
separator 115, and when the reverse movement of the head 107 and slide bar V
takes place and the said separator 115 has been lifted the pin 125 upon the
head 107 acts below the bent lever 121 to move the cap plate 131 and sliding
holder 118 up again to their proper position for receiving the bristles transversely
to the end of such plate 118, as before described. Upon reference to Figs. 32
and 36 it will be seen that this sliding holder 118 is in V-grooves that are above
the plane of the top surface of the plate Y, and hence as the bristles are upon
the surfaces of this plate Y they are opposite to the ends of the pins at the forward
end of the sliding holder 118, and the forward ends of the dovetailed slides for the
holder 118 are undercut to form the undercut recess 116 for the reception of the
bristles, as before described.
To aid in holding the sliding plate E and volute rack 8 in exact position at the
time the boring and drawing is done, we provide this plate E with holes 74, which
holes are small on top and flaring at the under side of the plate, as seen in Fig. 2^.
A pin 70 at the end of the lever 71 enters one of these holes at the proper time,
but cannot pass through it, and is withdrawn, when feeding for the next operation,
by means of a cam W, lever W', bar 76, pin 135, and pivoted lever 71. When
the last hole is to be bored, the pin 70 enters the large hole 73 and goes clean
through the plate E, and thereby allows the spring 75 to pull down the bar 76
sufficiently to allow the projection 77 on this bar to depress the inner end of the
latch 78 and lift out the outer end of latch 78 from the notch 160 in bar 79.
The spring 80 pulls the bar 79 and crank 81 forward, turning the shaft 82, and
thereby the stop latch 83 is brought in the path of the head of the clutch pin 84,
which extends under the collar 85 into a notch 161 on the hub of the pulley B,
and this pin 84 is thus drawn out of the notch 161 and back under the collar 85,
and the pulley B is disconnected from the shaft A and the machine stops. When
ready to start again, the attendant pulls the bar 79 by a handle 86, and the clutch:

page_text: pin 84 will be thrown forward by the spring and couple the pulley B to the shaft A
again.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:
First. The holder for a brush block, composed of a metallic pattern plate K,
guide plate 25, and clamps 26 for the brush block, there being holes through the
pattern plate K that are larger than the holes through the guide plate 25, and the
upper surface of the pattern plate having steps or offsets, substantially as
set forth.
Second. The combination, with the pattern plate K and guide plate 25, perforated
for the passage of the boring tool, and the clamps 26 for the brush block, of the
gimbal for supporting the pattern plate and for allowing the same to swing in any
direction, so that the divergent holes in the bristle stock may be brought into line
with the boring tool, substantially as set forth.
Third. The combination, with the pattern plate perforated for the passage of
the drill and the gimbals for supporting such pattern plate, of the sliding plate I,
bracket I, disconnecting lever, and pivot supports, substantially as set forth.
Fourth. The combination, in a machine for making brushes, of the pinion,
mechanism substantially as specified, for revolving the pinion intermittently, a
volute rack operated upon by such pinion, a sliding plate and the parallel bars
and frame for supporting such sliding plate and allowing it to slide in any
direction as acted upon by the pinion, the pattern plate and its holding device,
and a pantograph connection between the sliding plate and the holding device for
the pattern plate, substantially as set forth.
.
Fifth. The combination, with the pinion 9, of the ratchet wheel and pawl and
the gearing for giving to the same a progressive rotation, the link 16, lever G,
and cam G for moving the parts, a volute rack 8, plate E, and slide bars for
supporting the same, substantially as set forth.
Sixth. The vertical standard D, having at its upper end a bracket D¹, in
combination with the grooved bars 2, fastened to the same, the bars 3 and 4,
attached together and forming a frame, and the rollers for supporting and guiding
the upper frame, the plate E, and rollers supported by and resting upon the bars 3,
and the volute rack and pinion for giving to the plate E the progressive movements
specified, substantially as set forth.
Seventh. The combination, with the plate E, volute rack and pinion, and the
frames and bars for supporting the same, of the pantograph levers 19, the ball
joints and pivots for the same, and the pattern plate and sliding plate and
connections for holding the pattern plate and connecting it with the pantograph
levers, substantially as set forth.
Eighth. The combination, in a machine for making brushes, of a brush block
and its holder, a holder for the bristles, an eye-pointed needle carrying a thread or
wire, and means for moving the same through the brush block and forming a loop
of wire or thread, and reciprocating forceps for passing through the loop and
receiving and drawing out from the bristle holder the bristles to form one tuft and
laying them into the loop, substantially as set forth.
Ninth. The bristle forceps T, having one stationary and one moving jaw, the
forcep stock T and the lever for moving the same endwise, and a shaft and cam
for opening and closing the forceps, substantially as set forth.
Tenth. The combination, with the forceps and forcep stock, of a guide slide
within which the stock and forceps are moved endwise, the shaft and cam for
opening and closing the forceps, a pinion for revolving the shaft, a rack bar acting
upon the pinion, and a lever for moving the rack bar, substantially as set forth.
Eleventh. The combination, with the reciprocating forceps, of the bearing
plate T, the pattern plate for holding the brush block, a boring tool for boring the
brush block, a reciprocating eye-pointed needle for carrying the thread or wire

page_text: through the hole in the brush block, and a presser foot and mechanism for bringing
the same up against the brush block while the tuft of bristles is being drawn into
place, substantially as set forth.
Twelfth. The presser foot having a tuft stop S, in combination with the eye-.
pointed needle and the mechanism, substantially as specified, for giving motion to
the presser foot and to the eye-pointed needle, substantially as set forth.
Thirteenth. The combination, in a machine for making brushes, of a holder for
the brush block, a perforated pattern plate, a boring tool and mechanism for
giving end motion to the same in passing the tool through the pattern plate and
boring the brush block, a bearing plate against which the pattern plate rests, a
presser foot and means for moving the same into contact with the brush block, an
eye-pointed needle reciprocated to carry the thread or wire through the brush
block and bearing plate, a pair of forceps for drawing into the loop of needle
thread or wire the bristles to form the tuft, and a take up mechanism, substantially
as specified, for taking up the slack thread or wire and drawing the tuft into the
brush block and against the presser foot, substantially as set forth.
Fourteenth. The combination, in a machine for making brushes, of the bristle
box and separating mechanism that separates from the pile of bristles those bristles
that are to form one tuft, a reciprocating eye-pointed needle, and a pair of
reciprocating forceps for drawing the tuft into the loop of thread or wire, sub-
stantially as set forth.
Fifteenth. The combination, with the bristle box and the separator, of a
reciprocating lifter at the bottom of the box for raising the bristles and causing
them to drop down to the point of delivery from the bristle box, substantially as
set forth.
Sixteenth. The combination, with the bristle box, of the reciprocating
separator 101, having an inclined end and recessed below the inclined end for the
reception of the bristles from which the tuft is to be separated by the forceps,
and the vertical gate 108, substantially as set forth.
Seventeenth. The combination, with the bristle box and the reciprocating
separator 101, having a portion cut away in its lower face, of the gate 108, under
which the inclined end of the separator 101 passes, and the vertical separator 115
for removing from the bristles those that are to form one tuft, substantially as set
forth.
Eighteenth. The combination, with the bristle box, of the reciprocating
separator 101, vertical gate 108, steadying fingers 113, reciprocating slide Y,
fingers 98, and separator 115, substantially as set forth.
Nineteenth. The combination, with the reciprocating bristle separator 101 and
the bristle box, of a vertical separator 115 and the sliding holder 118, cap
plate 131, and the bed plate Y, having the cut away notch 116 for the reception of
the bristles, substantially as set forth.
Twentieth. The combination, with the driving pulley and clutch, of the volute
rack plate having holes corresponding to the positions for the tufts in the brush
block, and the pin 70 and connections to the clutch, the last hole in the volute
rack plate being sufficiently large for the passage of the pin simultaneously with
the stopping of the machine, substantially as set forth.
Dated this Ninth day of November 1892.
PATRICK KENNEDY.
CHARLES JOSEPH DISS.
ROBERT CANNAN.
Brewer & Son,
Agents.