IMPROVEMENTS IN PERAMBULATORS
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Martin, of the City of Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PERAMBULATORS
Sealed the 16th November 1869, and dated the 19th May 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Martin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 19th May 1869.
I, WILLIAM MARTIN, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN PERAMBULATORS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, first, in making the bodies of the perambulators
capable of being reversed on their frames when required, for the purpose
of preventing the occupants from being inconvenienced by the wind or
rain. In cach body I fix a socket fitted to a pin on the frame so that
the body can be turned in any direction and be afterwards held by
holding pins or catches, or the socket may be fixed to the frame, and

page_text: the pin to the body. This object can also be attained by having pins on
the body or frame fitting corresponding holes, and changing the body
from one position to another.
Secondly. I arrange the body and frame so that the foot of the body
can be raised to enable the occupant to be in a recumbent position and
use a lever, screw, rack and pinion, or other mechanical means for
raising' and lowering the body as required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Martin in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 19th November 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
MARTIN, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, givo
and grant unto me, the said William Martin, Her special license that I,
the said William Martin, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said William Martin, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
thorcin expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, oxcrciso, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PERAMBULATORS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
William Martin, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immodiately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NA DHAM VP hat T

page_text: the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, reference being had to the figures on the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings and to the letters of reference marked
thercon (that is to say):
--
This Invention consists in making the bodies of the perambulators
capable of being reversed on their frames when required, for the purpose
of preventing the occupants from being inconvenienced by the wind or
rain. When the convenience and utility of this system is once conceived
many ways of carrying it out occur to the mind, and on the accompany-
ing Sheet of Drawings I represent an arrangement which is simple,
efficient, and easily worked.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal elevation, and Figure 2 a vertical section
of one of my improved perambulators with the body in the hitherto
ordinary position; Figure 3, a longitudinal clevation of the same, with
the body reversed; Figure 4, a longitudinal clevation, and Figure 5 a
plan of the framework with the body removed, and Figure 6 a detached
view of a screw having a head of an improved shape for holding the
side frames and hand rail together.
As the body and framework are to be independent of each other I form
cach of the two side frames of two parts a, b, and bolt to the axle c the
parts a and one end of the springs d, the other ends of which are
fastened to the parts b, which are connected at e to the parts a, and on
the axle c are placed the ordinary wheels f. To the parts b are screwed
or bolted the frame 7 having a slot / terminated by a circular holc i,
and this frame carries the body k, l, m, with its cushions n, o, and to
the same frame are fastened the springs p connected to the axle of the
wheel r. In the part of the body there is a bush s having a rectangular
hole through which and the slot his passed a rectangular bolt provided
with a thumb nut which when turned tight holds the body firmly to
the frame g, and the hand rail is held firmly to the side frames by
improved headed screws, one of which is shown in Figure 6.
In Figures 1 and 2 the bolt t holds the body in the hitherto ordinary
position, and when it is desired to turn the body to the position shewn
in Figure 3, the nut is loosened and the body shifted forwards until the
squared part of the bolt enters the circular part i for enabling the bolt
and body to be turned, and then the body is moved back for the bolt

page_text: to enter the slot, and the nut screwed up, and similar operations are
performed when the body has to be returned to its former position
shewn in Figures 1 and 2.
Llaving now described the nature and particulars of my said Invention
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire it to be
understood that I claim the improved system of making the bodies of
perambulators capable of being reversed on their frames when required,
as all such improvements are herein described and illustrated in the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Martin, have hereunto set
my hand and scal, this Eighteenth day of November One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-nine.
WILLIAM MARTIN. (L.s.)