IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW BAR OR SASH FASTENERS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Handsley Dales and William Nathaniel Wynn, of
Leeds, in the County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW
BAR OR SASH FASTENERS."
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said John Handsley Dales and
William Nathaniel Wynn at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
19th May 1876.
JOHN HANDSLEY DALES and WILLIAM NATHANIEL WYNN, of Leeds, in the County
of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW BAR OR SASH FASTENERS."
The object of this Invention which is illustrated on the accompanying Sheet of
Drawings, in Figures 1 to 16, is to provide improved means of automatically fastening
or locking the meeting bars or sashes of window frames on the same being closed as
ordinarily.
These improved means consist of the following novel and peculiar combinations
and arrangement of parts.
On the top side of the upper meeting bar 1 of the sashes or frames of a window
we firmly secure a wedge-shaped vertical or nearly vertical pin or pillar a (Figures
1 to 7, 9, and 10, and most clearly shown in the isometrical projection Figure 11),
made with a slot j (or with an equivalent projecting part) in or with which engages a
pawl c (Figures 1 to 10, and most clearly shown in the isometrical projection Figure
16,) which we support on a horizontal pin or stud d (Figure 13) carried by a frame b
secured on the top side of the lower meeting bar 2 of the said sashes, and constructed
and arranged (as shewn in Figures 1 to 6) so as to embrace or engage with the pin
a upon the closing of the said bars 1 and 2 in such a manner as to draw the saine
closer together (see Figures 1 and 2), which gives extra strength and security to the
locking property of the pawl.
This pawl is constructed with three arms or projections e, f, g, of which the arm
g acts as the head or pawl proper, and engages or locks with the slot j (or its equiva-
lent projection) of the pin a, and prevents the sashes being opened without unlock-
ing the fastener, as hereafter described. The arm e acts as a tail or handle, and is
provided for conveniently unlocking the pawl and to act as a stop to the unlocking
motion and as a counterpoise to the head and to the toc f. This toe or arm fis
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generally arranged under the head g, and is provided for the purpose of placing (on
the opening of the said bars 1 and 2, see Figure 3) the head g in such a position
(Figure 4) as to be ready for locking on the said bars being again closed, and which
action is produced by the said toe / wwwwwwhich is thrown forward into the slot; (or
under the projection) of the pin a by the unlocking action coming in contact
with and being moved by the top of the said slot j. The arm falso acts as a means
of preventing the unlocking of the head by any instrument, such as a thin blade
inserted between the said bars 1 and 2 from the outside of the window; and also as
a support to the head g when in its locked position; and further as a means of
preventing the closing of the sashes when the head g is not in a proper position for
locking.
The locking action of the pawl 'c may be caused by gravity or by the rebound of
the tail e, or by springs. When the locking action of the pawl is effected by gravity
(see Figures 2 and 6, Figure 6 being a plan and Figure 2 a section of the fastener
through C,D,) the head d and toe f are constructed and arranged so as to overbalance
the tail e when the pawl is in the unlocked position (shown in dotted lines Figure
2), and thus cause it to turn on its pin and fall into the locked position (shown by
the full lines). When effected by the rebound of the tail e, the head g and toe f
are constructed and arranged (as shown in Figure 3) so as to be in a state of
equilibrium with the tail e when the pawl is in the fully unlocked position only (as
shewn), and so as to overbalance the weight of the tail e and cause the pawl to turn
on its pin d and fall into its locked position on the slightest rebound of the tail
from its said fully unlocked position; and which rebound may be produced by the
reaction of the momentum of the pawl produced by the closing of the sashes, and
the consequent contact and action between the top of the pin a and the front of the
head g, or by the shock caused by the closing of tho sashes. And when the locking
action is effected by a spring (see Figures 1, 4, and 5, of which Figure 1 is a section
of the plan, Figure 5 through A, B, and Figure 4 an elevation) the surface of contact
of the spring and pawl are constructed and arranged so that the action of the former
on the said contact surfaces causes the pawl to fall into its locked position (shown
by the full lines Figure 1 and by the dotted lines Figure 4) when it is in any
but its fully unlocked position (shewn by the dotted lines Figure 1) in which the
spring has no locking action upon the pawl, which will thus remain in such position
after having been there placed until the commencement of the opening motion of
the sashes (see Figure 3) after the unlocking of the pawl by hand, when the toc f
engages with the top of the slot j (as shewn), and is drawn thereby into the position
(shewn in Figure 4) suitable for locking upon the sashes being again closed.
In this modification the relative positions of the pin a and the pawl c are also
arranged so that the action of the top of the pin a on the front of the head g in the
closing motion of the sashes cannot place the pawl in its fully unlocked position, and
consequently the pawl on its passing the top of the vertical pin is still within
the range of the locking influence of the said spring, and on the sashes being closed
the locking action of the pawl is thereby effected.
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When the window sashes are constructed with intermediate bars 3 (Figure 8) we
mount the pawl c and its stud d in a swinging (or sliding) frame b¹ (see Figures 7
to 10, and most clearly shown in the isometrical projection Figure 12), which we
suspend or support on a pin h (Figure 15) (or in slides) carried by side supports i
(most clearly shown in the isometrical projection Figure 14) secured on the top side
of the bar 2 in such a manner as to allow of the above-mentioned parts having the
said motions and perforining the said functions, and the front b² of that part of the
said swinging (or sliding) frame b' which embraces the pin a, we make with a curved
or inclined surface of contact with the bars 3 (or with any equivalent arrangement)
for the purpose of facilitating their passing and allowing the said frame b₁ and all
it carries on passing the said bars 3 of the upper sash (see Figure 8) to be swung
thereby out of the way thereof; after each such movement the said frame returns
by the action of gravity or it may be returned by a spring. This frame may also
be adapted and applied for carrying the locking mechanism of other sash fasteners.

page_text: The portions of sashes shewn on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings illustrate
the usual method of fixing the fastener to the said meeting bars.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature and object of our
said Invention, together with the manner in which the same is to be or may be
carried into practical effect, we would remark in conclusion that we claim as our
Invention the above described novel and peculiar combinations and arrangements
of parts for automatically fastening or locking the meeting bars or sashes of window
frames on the same being closed as ordinarily, substantially as and in the manner
described and as illustrated on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings. We also
claim (for the purpose specified) any equivalent modifications or constructions and
arrangements of parts or details acting or operating substantially in the peculiar
herein-before described.
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In witness whereof, we, the said John Handsley Dales, and William Nathaniel
Wynn, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-ninth day of April,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.