IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING APPARATUS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Lewis Walker Leeds, of Parliament Street, in the City of
Westminster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING APPARATUS."
Sealed the 21st October 1879, and dated the 26th April 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Lewis Walker Leeds at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th April 1879.
LEWIS WALKER LEEDS, of Parliament Street, in the City of Westminster.
PROVEMENTS IN HEATING APPARATUS."
" IM-
My Invention relates to stoves or apparatus for heating apartments and other
places by direct radiation, whereby a wholesome and agreeable warmth is diffused,
whilst at the same time by the peculiar construction of the apparatus the completo
combustion of the fuel is effected, and the heat contained in the gaseous products
of combustion which ordinarily escapes by the chimney is utilized. The apparatus
also constitutes a magazine or reservoir in which the heat is stored up, so that it
will continue to emit heat several hours after the fire has burnt out.
In carrying out my Invention the stove is composed of an outer casing (say for
example of a vertical cylindrical form) of sheet metal, within which is arranged an
inner case of refractory non-conducting material (surrounded by sheet metal) of
sufficient height to form the fire basket, and so situate in relation, to the outer
casing that a space, by preference, of a crescent shape (that is to say, wide at the
back and gradually decreasing at each side toward the frout) is left between the
exterior of the inner case and the interior of the outer casing, an opening fitted
with a door and a passage fitted with a hinged plate being respectively provided
for the introduction of the fuel, and for the facility of stirring the fire.
The grate is formed of a block of refractory non-conducting material perforated
with small holes through which a portion of the air necessary for supporting
combustion is supplied from a chamber below, communicating with the apartment
or other place, and in the lower part of the inner casing is formed an annular
passage communicating with the apartment or other place with which annular
passage communicates a series of vertical channels having openings at the back of
the fire, so that air heated by its passage is supplied into and among the incan-
descent fuel in the form of jets and the complete combustion of the fuel is ensured.

page_text: The stove is surmounted by a cover composed of refractory material, and forming
a considerable mass or volume, from which cover depends an annular metal deflector
of the form of a truncated cone, with the larger end downwards, and which has the
effect of returning and projecting downwards the heat which is transmitted from
the fire to the upper part of the apparatus, so that the whole of the heat is diffused
by direct radiation through the sides of the stove at the lower part thereof. The
form and arrangement of the cover and deflector and the material of which they
are composed may be varied whilst still retaining the principle herein before
described. The waste gases (after circulating throughout the apparatus and giving
up the whole of their available heat) are discharged by a pipe connected both at
the lower and the upper part of the apparatus, at which latter part it is provided
with a damper.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by the
said Lewis Walker Leeds in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 24th October
1879.
LEWIS WALKER LEEDS, of Parliament Street, in the City of Westminster.
PROVEMENTS IN HEATING APPARATUS."
"IM-
My said Invention relates to stoves or apparatus for heating apartments and
other places by direct radiation, whereby a wholesome and agreeablo warmth is
diffused, whilst at the same time by the peculiar construction of the apparatus the
complete combustion of the fuel is effected, and the heat contained in the
products of combustion which ordinarily escapes by the chimney is utilized. The
gaseous
apparatus also constitutes a magazine or reservoir in which the heat is stored up,
so that it will continue to emit heat several hours after the fire has burnt out.
In carrying out my said Invention the stove is composed of an outer casing (say
for example of a vertical cylindrical form) of sheet metal, within which is arranged
an inner case of refractory heat retaining material (surrounded by sheet metal) of
sufficient height to form the firo basket, and so situate in relation to the outer
casing, that a space, by preference, of a crescent shape (that is to say wide at the
back and gradually decreasing at each side toward the front) is left between the
exterior of the inner case and the interior of the outer casing an opening fitted
with a door, and a passage fitted with a hinged plate being respectively provided
for the introduction of the fuel and for the facility of stirring the fire.
The grate may be formed of a block of refractory heat retaining material
perforated with small holes, through which a portion of the air necessary for
supporting combustion is supplied from a chamber below communicating with the
apartment or other place.
Vertical channels are also provided having outlet openings at the back of the
fire, so that air admitted from the apartment and heated by its passage through
the channels is supplied into and among the incandescent fuel in the form of jets,

page_text: and the complete combustion of the fuel is ensured. An annular passage may be
formed in the lower part of the inner case into which the air first passes, and
whence the vertical channels conduct it to the outlets.
The stove is surmounted by a cover composed of refractory material and forming
a considerable mass or volume, from which cover depends an annular metal
deflector of the form of a truncated cone, with the larger end downwards, and
which has the effect of returning and projecting downwards the heat which has
been transmitted from the fire to the upper part of the apparatus, so that the
whole of the heat is diffused by direct radiation through the sides of the stove at
the lower part thereof. The form and arrangement of the cover and deflector, and
the material of which they are composed may be varied, whilst still retaining the
principle herein before described. The waste gases (after circulating throughout the
apparatus and giving up the whole of their available heat) are discharged by a pipe
connected both at the lower and the upper part of the apparatus, at which latter
part it is provided with a damper, the lower outlet being the normal one, whilst the
upper outlet is only used in lighting the fire.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose shall refer to
the several Figures on the annexed Sheet of Drawings, the same letters of reference
indicating corresponding parts in all the Figures.
Figure 1 represents a side elevation of a stove constructed according to my said
Invention; Figure 2 is a central longitudinal section of the same; and Figure 3 is
a horizontal section (taken along the line 1, 2, Figure 2); Figures 4, 5, and 6,
represent a similar stove slightly modified in the details of its construction,
Figures 4 and 5 being vertical sections at right angles to each other, and Figure 6
a horizontal section taken along the line 3, 4, Figure 4.
Referring to Figures 1, 2, and 3, A is an outer casing of sheet metal, within
which is arranged an inner case B of fireclay (surrounded by sheet metal a) of
sufficient height to form the fire basket C, and so situate in relation to the outer
casing that a space D (wide at the back and gradually decreasing at each side) is
left between the exterior of the inner case B, a, and the interior of the outer
casing A. The grate E is formed of a block of fire clay perforated with small
holes b, through which a portion of the air necessary for supporting combustion is
supplied from a chamber F below, communicating with the apartment (for
example) at c. In the lower part of the inner case is formed an annular passage d
having an air inlet from the apartment at e, from which annular passage rises a
series of vertical channels f for conducting the air admitted at e, and heated in its
course to a suitable elevation g at the back of the fire, where such heated air is
discharged in the form of jets into and among the incandescent fuel in order to
ensure the perfect combustion of the latter.
The stove is surmounted by a cover G composed of fire clay, and forming a
considerable mass or volume, from which cover depends an annular metal
deflector H of the form of a truncated cone with the larger end downwards, and
which has the effect of returning and projecting downwards the heat which has
been transmitted from the fire to the upper part of the apparatus, so that the
whole of the heat is diffused by direct radiation through the sides of the stove at
the lower part thereof. This action will be clearly understood from an inspection
of Figure 2, in which the dotted lines diverging downwards indicate the projection
or deflection of the heat in a downward direction, whilst the outward converging
dotted lines indicate the radiation of the heat thus deflected through the sides of
the casing A. The wasto gases (after circulating throughout the apparatus and
giving up the whole of their available heat) are discharged by the pipe I which
has two branches h, i, leading from the stove; the branch h (which is provided
with a damper h¹, and communicates with the upper portions D¹ of the stove) is
used when the fire is lighted, the damper h¹ being then open; as soon however as
the fire has become incandescent, the damper is closed and the lower outlet i

page_text: (which communicates with the space D at the bottom) is alone used, tho gases
being caused to descend before escaping into the pipe I leading to the chimney.
The fuel is introduced into the fire through the door K, and a sliding door & is
provided for the insertion of a poker in order to stir the fire.
The pipe I and the rear portion of the stove may be surrounded by a casing L to
which the external air may be admitted at 1; the air thus introduced becomes
raised in temperature by contact with and radiation from the heated surfaces in
proximity to which it is conducted, and ascends to the upper part of the apparatus,
whence it is discharged at m into the apartment or place in which the stove is
situate. A door is provided at m' for the facility of cleaning the branch flue i.
In the modification illustrated in Figures 4, 5, and 6, a metal grate bottom E is
substituted for the fire clay bottom used in the arrangement shewn in Figures 1, 2,
and 3, and in the present example the bottom is mounted upon horizontal pivota
n, n, so as to be capable of being tilted for the discharge of the ashes, and it is also
pivotted centrally on a vertical axis at o, so as to admit of its being turned thereon
in order to clear the fire, a door & being provided for the insertion of a poker for
the facility of performing these operations. The air supply to the tubes fis
derived from the external atmosphere at 1, and tho said tubes terminate at their
upper ends in a ring g through perforations in which the heated air issues into and
among the incandescent fuel. The arrangement of the fire clay cover G and metal
deflector H is also modified in a manner which will be perfectly understood from
the Drawing, the principle however and mode of action herein before described
remaining unaltered.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the samo is or may be used or carried into effect, I
would observo in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original, and
therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein before in part recited
Letters Patent is,―
First. The general arrangement and combination of parts forming a beating
apparatus, substantially as herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 1, 2,
and 3, of the accompanying Drawings.
Second. The combination in a heating apparatus of an outer metal casing
surmounted with a cover of refractory material and with a metal heat deflector
an inner fire basket of refractory heat retaining material with a surrounding space;
vertical channels for conducting heated air into the midst of the fire, and an outlet
for the waste products of combustion at the lower part of the apparatus, all sub-
stantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by the accompanying
Drawings.
Third. In a heating apparatus the combination with a cover of refractory
material of a metal heat deflector, substantially as and for the purposes herein-
before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Lewis Walker Leeds, have to this my Speci-
fication set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of October, One thousand
night hundred and seventy nine
LEWIS W. LEEDS. (L.S.)