IMPROVEMENTS IN VARVICING
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henri Louis Edmond Désiré Hennebutte, of
Esquermes-lez-Lille (Nord), in the Empire of France, and of 16, Castle
.Street, Holborn (City), London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
VARVICING
"
Scaled the 26th January 1855, and dated the 14th August 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henri Louis Edmond.
Désiré Hennebutte at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 14th August 1854.
I, HENRI LOUIS EDMOND DÉSIRÉ HENNEBUTTE, of Esquermes-lez-Lillo
(Nord), in the Empire of France, and of 16, Castle Street, Holborn (City),
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VARNISHES" to be as follows, viz. :-
These improvements are intended to produce a superior of copal varnishes
than can be made by the modes at present practised, in which the copal, being
exposed to a very strong fire, is liable to be injured and partly carbonized, so
as to yield a very dark varnish, which cannot be applied to light tints. These
improvements are based upon my discovering copal gum to consist of two
elementary or constitutive parts; one of which is perfectly soluble in oil and
in essence of turpentine, and the other of which is quite insoluble. Hence;
my Invention consists in extracting from gum copal the insoluble part, either
by means of ordinary distillation, or by means of a hot water bath, or else by

page_text: means of overheated steam; either of which cause the insoluble part to become
volatilized, and may be condensed in a suitable receiving vessel. The quantity
of insoluble matter, viz., from 15 to 30 per cent. of the gum copal being thus
condensed, the remaining portion will be found perfectly soluble in warm or
cold oil or turpentine, and fit to produce a superior varnish to that which is
manufactured in the present way.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Henri Louis Edmond Désiré Hennebutte in the Great Scal
Patent Office on the 13th February 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRI
LOUIS EDMOND DESIRE HENNEBUTTE, of Esquermes-lez-Lille (Nord), in the
Empire of France, and of 16, Castle. Street, Holborn (City), London, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent, Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant. unto me, the
said Henri Louis Edmond Désiré Hennebutte, Her special licence that I, the
said Henri Louis Edmond Désiré Hennebutte, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Henri Louis Edmond Désiré
Hennebutte, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF VARNISHES," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Henri Louis Edmond Désiré Hennebutte, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henri Louis Edmond Désiré Henne-
butte, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-

page_text: These improvements are intended to produce a superior quality of varnish,
of the kind called copal varnishes, than can be made by the modes at present
practised; in which the copal, being exposed to a very strong fire, it is liable
to be deteriorated and partly carbonized, so as to yield a very dark varnish,
which cannot be applied to light tints. These improvements are based upon
my discovering copal gum to consist of two constitutive parts or ingredients, one
of which is entirely soluble in oil and in essence of turpentine, and the other
of which is quite insoluble in said substances, employed in making varnish.
It is this latter portion or ingredient which deteriorates the pellucidity and
whiteness of the varnish, especially by taking a brown tinge, by boiling in a
copper or other vessel on an open fire, as the manufacture of varnish is
usually carried on. Hence, the object of my Invention is to purify the gum
copal, by extracting from it the insoluble part, either by means of ordinary
distillation, or by means of a hot water bath, or else by means of overheated
steam, by applying either of which the insoluble part is volatilized and con-
densed in a suitable receiving vessel. The quantity of insoluble matter, viz.,
from fifteen to thirty per cent. of the gum copal acted upon, having thus been
expelled, the remaining portion is left to cool or solidify, and is then ready for
use, being perfectly soluble in both warm and cold oil, turpentine, and similar
matters, with which it is apt to produce a quality of varnish superior to that
which is manufactured in the present way.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be or may be performed, I wish it to be distinctly understood
that what I claim as being novel, and secured to me by the herein-before
in part recited Letters Patent, is, the distillation of raw gum copal of any
description, for the purpose of rendering said gum copal entirely soluble, by
expelling from it the insoluble portion as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henri Louis Edmond Désiré Hennebutte,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this 2nd day of February, in the
year of our Lord 1855.
H. L. E. D. HENNEBUTTE. (L.S.)