IMPROVEMENTS IN METHODS OR MEANS OF SEPARATING OR UTILIZING CERTAIN WASTE SUBSTANCES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR"
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Charles William Stanley, of 41, Barnsdale Road,
in the County of Middlesex, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN METHODS
OR MEANS OF SEPARATING OR UTILIZING CERTAIN WASTE SUBSTANCES FOR
THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES, AND IN APPARATUS
THEREFOR"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Charles William
Stanley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th April
1880.
JOHN CHARLES WILLIAM STANLEY, of 41, Barnsdale Road, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN METHODS OR MEANS OF SEPARATING OR UTILIZING
CERTAIN WASTE SUBSTANCES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER AND FOR OTIIER
PURPOSES, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
I take the ordinary ashpit refuse of towns and other places; this I riddle, or I
may take it already riddled, in order to separate the lighter portions, such as bits of
paper, straw, vegetable stalks, and the like light materials which I propose to utilize,
from the ashes and other heavy portions.
The straw, paper, and such like matters aro cut into small pieces by a knife
machine and passed through a dusting machine to free them from light dust or
dirt, and then washed with a plentiful supply of water in a suitable vessel, preferably
provided with a perforated falso bottom, through which particles of sand or dirt still
adhering may fall; the chopped straw will in a great measure float to the surface,
and can be removed. The mass is then to be put into a beating machine, and the
particles of paper and soluble vegetable matter will be reduced to pulp, which can be
drawn off from the unreduced straw. Hot or cold water may be used and chemicals,
if desired, such as the sodas and bleaching agents. This fine pulp is drawn off by
pump or otherwise through fine gauzes or meshes to separate the pulp from the
particles of straw. The pulp is run off into sheets (preferably upon a travelling
perforated band to allow the water to escape or be expressed by suitable rollers,
though other convenient means will do), blocks, or other convenient form for
sale.
The straw can be dried and is suitable for numerous purposes, such as being
made into paper in the ordinary manner, for packing purposes, for bedding horses,
for fodder, and other purposes.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Charles William Stanloy in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 28th October 1880.
JOHN CHARLES WILLIAM STANLEY, of 41, Barnsdale Road, in the County of
Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN METHODS OR MEANS OF SEPARATING OR UTILIZING
CERTAIN WASTE SUBSTANCES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
I take the ordinary ashpit or dustbin refuse of towns and other places; this I
riddle, or I may take it already riddled, to separate the light portions, such as bits
of paper, straw, vegetable stalks, and the like light matorials which I propose to
utilize, from the ashes and other heavy portions.
This mass of lighter materials (rags, straw, paper, etcetera), is passed, when found
necessary, through crushing rolls to crush any pieces of cinders, glass, or other hard
materials that may adhere to it, and is then put through a dusting machine or
apparatus to remove the crushed mineral matters; it is then passed on to a knife
cutting machine where it is cut up small somewhat like chaff. This "chaff" is
next placed in a "washer" where it is subjected to a stream of water, preferably
hot (though cold may be used, if preferred), and agitated, and here the cut straw,
wood, vegetable matter, and the like rise to the surface of the water and may be
removed in the most convenient manner, the plan I prefer being to allow of an
overflow of water which carries them over the sides of the washer into a suitably
arranged wire netting or equivalent, through the meshes of which the water passes,
leaving the "chaff" behind in the netting. The agitation is continued till no more
matters riso to the surface. During this part of the process the paper, rags, and.
other heavy matters fall on to a false bottom, which is perforated to allow of the
remaining mineral substances and dirt dropping through to the real bottom of the
"washer.' The paper, rags, etcelera, can be run off through a cock or vent placed
just above the false bottom, and the water strained from it, or it may be collected
in any convenient manner, and is then boiled in a suitable boiler for a sufficient
time with a weak solution of soda or other suitable alkali to soften and remove
grease, dirt, etcetera. The length of time during which the boiling continues
must of necessity vary with the consistency and quantity of the pulp and the
proportion and strength of the alkali, but in an ordinary case with about one cwt.
of commercial soda to the ton of pulp, etcetera, one hour's continuous boiling should
bo sufficient. The real test however, for the length of the boiling is that the pulp,
etcetera, is properly clean when the boiling is discontinued.
After the boiling the mass of paper pulp, etcetera, is placed in a healing
machine till all the paper is properly pulped, which is speedily accomplished,
when the particles of rags, twine, and so forth are removed from the pulp by
straining.
The rags can be prepared for sale by sorting or otherwise, as may be desired, and
the pulp bleached or not, and run into sheets, blocks, or other convenient form for
sale. A convenient way of doing this is by running it on to a travelling perforated
band passing through rollers to express the water, but any of the ordinary methods
used for this purpose in paper making will do.
The straw, wood, and other matters remaining after tho previous separation may
be converted into paper material by reducing with caustic soda in the manner
usually adopted by paper makers for the reduction of straw into pulp. The mass,
when the straw portion which it contains is in a stato of pulp, is placed in hot
wator, and the undissolved wood, etcetera, will separate from the straw pulp, and

page_text: rising to the surface of the water can be removed, and can then be palped in the
ordinary manner or otherwise dealt with, as may be desired.
With one exception the machines and apparatus mentioned herein are all well
known in the paper and rag trades, and therefore do not need special description
here, but the "washer," I have specially designed for this purpose, and therefore is
now described more fully. Fig. 1 of the accompanying Drawings represents the
washer itself, and Fig. 2 the same surrounded by the netting already mentioned.
Like letters represent like parts in both Figures. A is the tank or body of the
washer; B, the perforated false bottom; C, the real bottom; D, the legs or other
supports; E, the water supply; F, the wire netting which is made in sections,
each section being hinged (G, G), or otherwise attached and secured at top, so that
it can be turned down at pleasure; for the easier removal of the straw, etcetera, the
netting should project above the top of the tank all round; H is the outflow for the
pulp after the straw has floated off over the top and the dirt fallen through
the perforated bottom B, and I is the outflow for the dirt, etcetera, in the bottom
of the washer; both outflows H and I are provided with suitable cocks or equivalent
to close or open them as required.
The washer may be made of galvanized iron with iron legs, or it can be supported
on brick or masonry supports, and may be formed of other material, such as wood
or slate, but galvanized iron is cheap and durable, so I prefer it. The netting may
be made of galvanized wire of suitable mesh, or of perforated zinc or other plate,
but the wire netting is best. Galvanized wire netting may also be substituted for
the perforated plate B, if preferred.
I have described the method of using up the straw as well as the paper pulp for
the manufacture of paper, but when the straw is wanted for other purposes, such as
packing, bedding horses, etcetera, it may be floated off after passing through the
knife machine.
Having now described my Invention, and the method of performing the same,
I wish it to be understood that I am aware that the larger pieces of rags and scraps
of paper in ashpit refuse have been already used for paper making (the usual
manner of obtaining these being to hand-pick them from the other rubbish, which
is then removed to waste places to rot for manure, where it accumulates in the
neighbourhood of large towns in enormous heaps, and is a nuisance and constant
source of trouble), and that I do not claim the use of these materials prepared or
recovered in the ordinary manner for the manufacture of paper; but that what I
do claim and desire to protect under the hereinbefore in part recited Letters
Patent is,
First. The hereindescribed method or process of utilizing ashpit, dustbin, or
similar refuse (consisting chiefly of paper, rags, twine, cinders, shavings, wood, and
vegetable refuse), and converting the same into material suitable for being
manufactured into paper, by the separation of the less easily reducible portions
from the paper and other more easily reducible portions, substantially as set
forth.
Second. The herein described method or process of separating the less casily
reducible portions (such as straw, wood, and the like), of said refuse from the more
easily reducible portions (such as paper, vegetable refuse, and the like) whereby the
two portions are rendered capable of separate treatment with strong and weak
alkalies respectively, substantially as set forth.
Third. The herein described treatment of the materials with water after cutting
up, by which the less easily reducible portions are floated off from the other
portions, and the separation of said portions is thereby effected, substantially as
set forth.
Fourth. The herein described manufacture of pulp for paper making from ashpit
or similar refuse, substantially as set forth.
Fifth. In the manufacture of pulp for paper making from ashpit or similar refuse
the employment of the washer A with perforated false bottom B, outflows H and I,

page_text: and surrounded by netting in sections so attached that it can be folded back from
the top, substantially as and for the purposes set forth and shown in the accompanying
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Charles William Stanley, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty.
JOHN CHARLES WILLIAM STANLEY. (L.S.).
Witness,
ALFRED J. BOULT,
of the Firm of Wm. P. Thompson & Co.,
Patent Agents,
London & Liverpool.