IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS ROLLERS, PLUNGERS, AND PIPES, APPLI- CABLE TO PUMPS AND OTHER USES
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Chedgey, of the Grove, Great Guildford Street,
in the Borough of Southwark, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS ROLLERS, PLUNGERS, AND PIPES, APPLI-
CABLE TO PUMPS AND OTHER USES."
Sealed the 12th November 1861, and dated the 14th May 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Chedgey at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th May
1861.
I, JOHN CHEDGEY, of the Grove, Great Guildford Street, in the Borough of
Southwark, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS ROLLERS, PLUNGERS, AND PIPES,
APPLICABLE TO PUMPS AND OTHER USES," to be as follows:
The object of this Invention is to provide for the extended use of glass in
those branches of the arts, to which, from its hardness and its power to resist
destructive agents, it is eminently suited, but where, from the cost of bringing
it to the required form, its use has been very limited.
In order to manufacture glass rollers which are applicable to the glazing
and callendering of fabrics I cast the rollers hollow in suitable moulds, and then
mount them upon metal axles, passing the axles through the rollers and
securing them thereto by cement. I then apply the rollers thus mounted to a.
lathe, and grind their peripheries by means of cutting tools, with the addition

page_text: of sand or emery and water, and having thus "trued "
thus "trued" the rollers I finish
the surface by polishing. In like manner I propose to form glass plungers for
pumps, passing the plunger rod through their centre.
To render pumps applicable to the pumping of acids, and also to prevent
water and other fluids becoming contaminated by being passed through pipes,
I propose to make straight pipes, elbows, and socket pipes by casting the same
in glass, after the manner of casting in iron. For this purpose I use, by pre-
ference, metal moulds, which admit of being removed to the annealing arch,
& when filled, to anneal the casting preparatory to removing it from. the mould.
By thus casting the pipes of various shapes, instead of blowing them as has]
heretofore been proposed, I am enabled to form them of any desired size, and
greatly to reduce the cost of their manufacture.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Chedgey in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 14th
November 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
CHEDGEY, of the Grove, Great Guildford Street, in the Borough of Southwark,
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
John Chedgey, Her special license that I, the said John Chedgey, my execu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Chedgey,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS
ROLLERS, PLUNGERS, AND PIPES, APPLICABLE TO PUMPS AND OTHER USES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Chedgey, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Chedgey, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
(that is to say):
The object of this Invention is to provide for the extended use of glass in
those branches of the arts, to which, either from its hardness or its power to
resist destructive agents, it is eminently suited, but where, from the cost of
manufacture, and for other reasons, its use has been very limited.
In order to manufacture glass rollers which are applicable to the callendering
and glazing of fabrics, I proceed in the following manner:-I first provide a
cylindrical mould of cast iron, of a diameter and length corresponding to the
size of roller required to be produced. Into this mould I fit a piston, which
its rod is made of a suitable
This core I elongate, so that
forms a moveable bottom to the mould, and
diameter to constitute the core of the mould.
it may work in a guide carried by a bracket arm attached to the mould, and
be thereby steadied in its vertical movements. On the top of the mould I fit
à funnel for facilitating the filling of the mould with molten glass. The
mould being thus fitted, I draw up the false bottom or piston to near the
top of the mould, and pour in the molten glass. As the space fills I gra-
dually depress the piston, continuing at the same time the pouring of the
glass; by this means I ensure a sound casting, which is otherwise very
difficult to obtain. The hollow roller thus formed I anneal, by preference, in
the mould in an ordinary annealing oven, and it is then ready for mounting
upon its axle; this I effect by passing a wrought-iron axle through the roller,
and securing it thereto by cement. The centreing of the axle I ensure by
setting it in position by means of wooden wedges, and I then apply the cement,
that which I prefer using being what is known as Keene's cement, when
the cement is set, I withdraw the wooden wedges, and fill up the space they.
occupied by cement. The roller thus mounted, I next apply to a lathe, and
turn down its periphery by means of blunt tools, with the addition of sand or
emery and water. Having thus "trued" the roller, I finish the surface by
polishing with Venetian red or putty powder, using as the polishing tool a
segment of wood (whose radius corresponds with that of the roller) covered
with felt. In like manner I propose to form glass plungers for pumps, passing
the coupling rod through the centre of the plunger, and securing the rod
thereto, by forming a shoulder on the rod to bear, against the head of the
plunger, and tapping its lower end to receive a nut.
In manufacturing glass barrels for pumps, it is requisite to turn and polish
the interior of the cast glass cylinder, but while performing this operation I

page_text: have found the cylinder very liable to fly. To prevent this I form a metal
casing to receive the barrel and afford a support for it while undergoing the
turning and polishing process. This casing I compose of segment pieces,
which, when put together and secured, will form a cylinder, and in the casing
I secure the barrel by plaster of Paris or other suitable cement. The casing
thus enclosing the barrel to be operated upon is inserted in a cylinder having
open ends mounted in a lathe or plummer blocks, and provided with set screws
for centreing the barrel. A bar or straight edge is then passed through the
barrel, and emery and water are applied to the interior thereof. Rotary motion
is communicated to the cylinder by a belt which runs on a pulley attached to
the middle of the cylinder, and thus the barrel is caused to rotate under the
straight edge by which it is "trued," and made ready for the polishing operation.
I now remove the barrel from the metal cylinder, and pass through the barrel
a wooden roller covered with felt, which roller I then mount in a lathe for the
purpose of giving rotary motion thereto. While the roller duly supplied from
time to time with putty powder or Venetian red and water is rotating the
barrel secured between end plates or flanges braced together is slowly moved
endwise by hand over the polishing roller, and at the same time pressed upon
the roller, and by this means every portion of the inner periphery of the barrel
is in turn brought under the action of the roller.
To render pumps applicable to the pumping of acids, and also to prevent
water and other fluids becoming contaminated while passing through pipes, I
propose to make straight pipes, elbow, and socket pipes by casting the same
in glass. For this purpose, I use metal moulds and metal cores, but when
casting bent pipes I use loam cores for the purpose of facilitating their with-
drawal from the casting. In order to admit of these glass pipes being
securely coupled together I cast them with flanges near their ends, making
for this purpose annular recesses in the ends of the moulds for the molten
glass to run into, and form annular projections around the ends of the pipes.
The moulds I make in halves to allow for the removal of the castings, and I
bore them out and plane their abutting surfaces. The mode of coupling these
flange pipes will be very simple. An india-rubber washer is placed between
the abutting ends of two pipes, and flat metal rings formed of segments are
placed against the inner face of the adjacent flanges of the pipes to be coupled.
Through holes in these rings screw bolts are passed, and held fast by applying
nuts to their tapped ends.
In order to cast elbow pipes, I provide the moulds which are made in
halves with necks something like stuffing boxes at their opposite ends. These
are bolted to the lower half of the moulds, and are intended to support the

page_text: core; this core I make of metal, and in two lengths, which I introduce into the
mould at the opposite ends thereof. The inner ends of the core thus butt
against each other, and they are maintained in their proper position without
the use of internal support. For casting socket pipes and pipes with flanges
at their extremities I use moulds and cores corresponding to the form of pipes
desired.
The advantage of thus casting glass pipes of various shapes, instead of
blowing them as has heretofore been proposed, is, that I am enabled to form
them of any desired thickness, which cannot be effected by the blowing
process, and at the same time greatly to reduce the cost of their manufacture.
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention of "Improvements in the
Manufacture of Glass Rollers, Plungers, and Pipes applicable to Pumps and
other Uses," and explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, I
wish it to be understood that, under the above in part recited Letters Patent,
I claim manufacturing, glazing, and pressing roller, the plungers and barrels
of pumps, and elbow and other pipes of cast glass in the manner above
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Chedgey, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Fourteenth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
JOHN CHEDGEY. (L.S.)