IMPROVEMENTS IN SWAGING MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF AXES, PICKAXES AND SIMILAR TOOLS
Year: 1884

page_text: I ALFRED GEORGE BROOKES of 55 Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex,
Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents do hereby declare the nature of my
invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN SWAGING MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF
AXES, PICKAXES AND SIMILAR TOOLS to be as follows:-
My improvements in the manufacture of axes and similar tools consist in
improved swaging machinery employed therein.
In describing my improvements I will refer to the manufacture of axes, but
similar machinery may be employed in the manufacture of other articles of a
similar kind.
Prior to my invention the manner of making axe-polls has been to heat a strip
of metal of about double the length of the axe-poll, to pass this between forming
rollers to give it a desired shape before folding and then to fold it over upon itself
by suitable machinery, and weld the two ends together; afterwards a wedge or
pin was forced between the two laminae of this folded plate at the part where the
eye was to be formed and the plate, with the pin or mandrel through it, was
placed under a drop-haminer in which was a set of dies formed by cutting the
matrice in two equal parts horizontally, thus leaving one half of each of the faces
which formed an edge of the poll in the upper part and the other half of each, in
the lower part of the die, so that when the two parts of the die approach one
another, if the amount of metal in the blank is greater than the capacity of the
matrice, the excess will be forced out of the matrice into the space left between
the two parts before they can be brought tightly together, which would cause
a "fin" to be formed around the edges of the axe-poll at the median lines thereof.
Dies with one or more open sides have also been used to form such folded plates
into axe-polls, in which case any excess of metal would be forced out at the open
sides and would have to be cut off or hammered into shape before finishing
the axe.

page_text: Axe-polls have also been formed upon the end of a bar of metal by compressing
it into shape between jaws containing dies of the proper form, which jaws move
downward while the poll is held firmly between them and thus force a punch
partly through the poll from edge to edge in one direction and then reversing the
poll repeat the operation, thereby forming the eye, Afterward the axe-poll so
formed is cut off from the end of the rod, which is re-heated and another poll
formed thereon as before. Making axe-polls in this manner requires a great
amount of power and very heavy machinery.
Axe-polls made by either of the above machines require subsequent trimming
or hammering before they are subjected to the finishing process, while by my
improved machinery the axe-poll or other article comes out with perfectly formed
edges and angles ready for the cutting edge to be inserted at the bit end of the
poll without any trimming or hammering.
I therefore effect, not only a great saving of power, but also prevent a largo
amount of waste of stock in the form of scrap iron.
The principal feature of my swaging machine is the improved construction of
the dies by which the axe-poll or other article is formed prior to punching the eye,
and the means for holding and operating the lower die.
My improved dies may be used in any of the well known drop-hammer
machines. They are made in two parts and are constructed so that no portion
of any two opposite acting faces of the matrice is contained in the same part of
the die. That is to say; the acting faces which give shape to one side of the
axe-poll,-the-top of the head and one other adjacent edge, are formed in one part
of the die, for instance, the lower or anvil-part-when used in a drop-hammer,
while the acting faces which give shape to the other side, the "bit" end-of-the-
axe-poll and the other adjacent edge, are formed in the upper or hammer part of
the die. An off-set is made around the two open edges of each of the side-forming
faces, and the edge-forming faces in each of the two parts of the die, are made to
project beyond the side-forming faces a distance at least equal to the greatest
thickness of the finished axe-poll, and preferably a greater distance, so that as the
two parts of the die approach one another in the swaging operation the edge-
forming faces shall shut over and entirely inclose the side-forming faces before
they have so far compressed the metal of the blank or "pattern," as to force it
against the edge-forming faces.
By this construction of dies I am enabled to produce a matrice which is closed
on all sides with accurately fitting joints where the two parts of the die come
together, before the heated metal of the pattern from which the axe-poll or other
article is to be formed has been forced outward against the edge-forming faces of
the die, thus preventing the formation of "fins" around the edges of the article
and producing it with substantially perfect outlines, which cannot be done with
dies in use prior to my invention. For the meeting surfaces of the two parts of
such prior dies, which were intended to form a closed matrice, do not come closely
together until the maximum pressure has been brought to bear upon the pattern,
so that if there is any excess of metal in the pattern above the capacity of the
matrice, it must of necessity be forced out into the spaces between the two parts
of the dies as they approach one another, or in dies having an open side, into such
opening, and thus either form a fin" around the edges of the poll, or extend one
edge beyond the desired dimensions.
"
The variation in the amount of metal which ordinarily occurs in different
patterns is immaterial in the use of my improved dies, as there are no openings
through which the metal can escape while it is being compressed and in each
instance, therefore, a poll or other article with perfectly formed outlines will be
made, varying, if any, from the others of the same kind only in the slight difference
of weight.
In my improved dies as well as in prior dies which are intended to form
a closed matrice, when sufficient pressure has been applied to them to force the
metal of the pattern into every part of the matrice and completely fill it, the

page_text: axe-poll or other article thus formed fits tightly between the edge-forming faces
of the die, so that it is a matter of considerable difficulty to withdrawn it
therefrom.
With my improved dies, however, I overcome such difficulty by making the
lower die block in two parts, lying one upon the other and hinged together at
one end, keeping them in place relatively to each other in the other direction
by means of a tongue and groove. The lower or anvil-die is formed upon the
upper part of this binged block with its open side turned away from the hinged
end, and is placed thereon in such position that each of the edge-forming faces of
that part of the matrice, shall make substantially the same angle with a plane
passing through the axis of the hinge perpendicularly to the upper surface of the
tilting die-block; that is to say, an angle of about 45°.
When the said anvil-die is thus arranged with the upper or hammer-die suitably
adjusted in the hammer to operate in connection with it, if the metal of the axe-
poll or other article is caused to bind between any two opposite edge-forming faces
the action of the machine in the operation of raising the hammer-dic away from
the anvil-die will draw up the anvil-die and with it the hinged block on which it
is formed, until the tilting of the block on its hinge causes the edge-forming fa.cs
of the anvil-die to recede from the edge-forming faces of the hammer-die and thus
relieve the pressure between the edges of the article and the faces of the die which
form them. The hinged die-block will then drop back into place when the axe-
poll or other article can be readily removed and another pattern inserted.
If the lower die is arranged on the tilting block so that its edge-forming faces
are respectively, substantially perpendicular and parallel to the said plane passing
through the axis of the hinge perpendicularly to the tilting die-block; then, when
the pressure of the upper and lower dies has forced the metal of the axe-poll or
other article hard against the several opposite edge-forming faces, causing it to
bind therein, any attempt to raise the hammer-die from the anvil-die will be
attended with much the same difficulty as was had with dies heretofore in use; for
the reason that the edge-forming faces which are perpendicular to the said plane
will not be relieved from the pressure of the edges of the axe-poll or other article
by the tilting of the lower dic-block, until sufficient force has been exerted upon
the hammer-die to overcome the friction existing between them, which will be
liable to twist the axe-poll or other article out of its proper shape within the
inatrice, and very soon disfigure the faces of the matrice itself.
The best results to be obtained with my improved dies are when they are
arranged as above mentioned so that each of the edge-forming faces of the two dies
shall make substantially the same angle with the said plane passing through the
axis of the hinge perpendicularly to the tilting die-block; and by as much as the
edge-forming faces are made to approximate this position by so much will the
advantages of this elements of my improvement be measurably obtained.
By placing the pivot of the hinge on which the lower die block tilts, below
the lower surface of that block, the pressure between the edges of the axe-poll and
the faces of the die which form them, will be more quickly relieved than it would
be if the pivot was located higher up, or in line with the upper surface of that
block.
A still further advantage of my improved die, is the construction of the side-
forming faces. Across each of these fares at the portion corresponding to the
location of the eye in the axe-poll, I make a projection approximating in shape
and dimensions to that of one half of a finished eye, so that when the side-forming
faces act upon the sides of the axe-poll the metal is displaced by these projections
and a depression is formed across the poll on either side of it, thereby leaving it
thinner at that part than at the portions adjacent thereto.
By this means all the superfluous metal is removed from the eye portion of the
poll at the same time that the outlines of the poll itself are perfectly formned,
while by the use of prior existing machines it is necessary either to remove this
excess of inetal from the plate partially, before it is operated upon by the dies and

page_text: the rest afterwards by hammering, or in the use of compressing jaws, to punch
out a piece of metal equal, to the size of the eye, or force such amount of metal
into adjacent parts of the poll, either of which latter operations requires a great
amount of power. After the axe-poll or other article has been operated upon by
my improved dies it is taken to my improved punching machine in which the eye
is easily formed. And all this can be done at one heat.
My improved dies being open on two sides, when the two parts are not in
working contact, can easily, by a slight blast of air, be kept free from all scale and
dirt thrown off from the heated metal by the swaging operation.
Also by making the edge-forming faces project beyond the side-forming faces
a distance greater than the maximum thickness of the poll, or other article, several
different weights of such .articles of the same shape can be made in one set
of dies.
T
TEL
A1 1001

page_text: I ALFRED GEORGE BROOKES of 55, Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex
Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents do hereby declare the nature of my
invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN SWAGING MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF
AXES PICKAXES AND OTHER ARTICLES and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
My improvements in the manufacture of axes and similar tools consist in
improved swaging machinery employed therein.
In describing my improvements I will refer to the manufacture of axes, but
similar machinery may be employed in the manufacture of other articles of a
similar kind.
Prior to my invention the manner of making axe polls has been to heat a strip
of metal of about double the lengtli of the axe-poll, to pass this between forming
rollers to give it a desired shape before folding and then to fold it over upon itself by
suitable machinery, and weld the two ends together; afterwards a wedge or pin was
forced between the two laminae of this folded plate at the part where the eye was
to be formed and the plate, with the pin or mandrel through it, was placed under a
drop-hammer in which was a set of dies formed by cutting the matrice in two
equal parts horizontally, thus leaving one half of each of the faces which formed an
edge of the poll in the upper part and the other half of each in the lower part of
the die, so that when the two parts of the die approach one another, if the amount
of metal in the blank is greater than the capacity of the matrice, the excess will be
forced out of the matrice into the space left between the two parts before they can
be brought tightly together, which would cause a "fin" to be formed around the
edges of the axe poll at the median lines thereof. Dies with one or more open sides
have also been used to forin such folded plates into axe-polls, in which case any
excess of metal would be forced out at the open sides and would have to be cut off
or hammered into shape before finishing the axe.
Axe-polls have also been formed upon the end of a bar of metal by compressing
it into shape between jaws containing dies of the proper form, which jaws move
downward while the poll is held firmly between them and thus force a punch partly
through the poll from edge to edge in one direction and then reversing the poll
repeat the operation thereby forming the eye. Afterward the axe-poll so formed is
cut off from the end of the rod which is re-heated and another poll formed thereon
as before-Making axe-polls in this manner requires a great amount of power and
very heavy machinery.
Axe-polls made by either of the above machines require subsequent trimming or
hammering before they are subjected to the finishing process, while by my improved
machinery the axe-poll or other article comes out with perfectly formed edges and
angles ready for the cutting edge to be inserted at the bit end of the poll without
any trimming or hammering.
I therefore effect not only a great saving of power, but also prevent a large
amount of waste of stock in the form of scrap iron.
The principal feature of my swaging machine is the improved construction of the
dies by which the axe-poll or other article is formed prior to punching the eye, and
the means for holding and operating the lower die.
My improved dies may be used in any of the well known drop-hammer machines.
They are made in two parts and are constructed so that no portion of any two
opposite acting faces of the matrice is contained in the same part of the die that is
to say the acting faces which give shape to one side of the axe-poll the top of the

page_text: head and one other adjacent edge, are formed in one part of the die, for instance,
the lower or anvil part when used in a drop haminer, while the acting faces which
give shape to the other side, the "bit" end of the axe-poll and the other adjacent
edge, are formed in the upper or hammer part of the die-An offset is made around
the two open edges of each of the side-forming faces, and the edge-formning faces in
each of the two parts of the die, are made to project beyond the side-forming faces
a distance at least equal to the greatest thickness of the finished axe-poll, and
preferably a greater distance, so that as the two parts of the die approach one
another in the swaging operation the edge-forming faces shall shut over and
entirely inclose the side-forming faces before they have so far compressed the metal
of the blank or "pattern" as to force it against the edge forming faces.
By this construction of dies I am enabled to produce a matrice which is closed
on all sides with accurately fitting joints where the two parts of the die come
together before the heated metal of the pattern from which the axe-poll or other
article is to be formed bas been forced outward against the edge-forining faces of
the die, thus preventing the formation of "fins" around the edges of the article and
producing it with substantially perfect outlines which cannot be done with dies in
use prior to my invention. For the meeting surfaces of the two parts of such prior
dies, which were intended to form a closed matrice, do not come closely together
until the maximum pressure has been brought to bear upon the pattern, so that if
there is any excess of metal in the pattern above the capacity of the matrice, it
must of necessity be forced out into the spaces between the two parts of the die as
they approach one another, or in dies having an open side, into such opening and
thus either form a "fin-"-around-the edges of the poll, or extend one edge beyond
the desired dimensions.
The variation in the amount of metal which ordinarily occurs in different
patterns is immaterial in the use of my improved dies, as there are no openings
through which the metal can escape while it is being compressed and in each
instance, therefore, a pull or other article with perfectly forined outlines will be
made, varying, if any, from the others of the same kind only in the slight difference
of weight.
In my improved dies as well as in prior dies which are intended to form a closed
matrice, when sufficient pressure has been applied to them to force the metal of the
pattern into every part of the matrice and completely fill it, the axe-poll or other
article thus formed fits tightly between the edge-forming faces of the die, so that it
is a matter of considerable difficulty to withdraw it therefrom.
With my improved dies, however, I overcome such difficulty by making the
lower die block in two parts lying one upon the other and binged together at one
end keeping them in place relatively to each other in the other direction by means
of a tongue and groove-The lower or anvil-die is formed upon the upper part of
this hinged block with its opened side turned away from the hinged end, and is
placed thereon in such position that each of the edge forming faces of that part of
the matrice, shall make substantially the same angle with a plane passing through
the axis of the hinge perpendicularly to the upper surface of the tilting die-block
that is to say, an angle of about 45°.
When the said anvil-die is thus arranged with the upper or hammer-die suitably
adjusted in the hammer to operate in connection with it, if the metal of the axe-
poll or other article is caused to bind between any two opposite edge-forming faces
the action of the machine in the operation of raising the hainmer-die away from the
anvil-die will draw up the anvil-die and with it the hinged block on which it is
formed, until the tilting of the block on its hinge causes the edge-forming faces of
the anvil-die to recede from the edge-forming faces of the hammer-die and thus
relieve the pressure between the edges of the article and the faces of the die which
form them. The hinged die-block will then drop back into place when the axe-poll
or other article can be readily removed and another pattern inserted.
If the lower die is arranged on the tilting block so that its edge forming faces
are respectively, substantially perpendicular and parallel to the said plane passing

page_text: through the axis of the hinge perpendicularly to the tilting die-block; then, when
the pressure of the upper and lower dies has forced the inetal of the axe-poll or
other article hard against the several opposito edge-forming faces causing it to bind
therein, any attempt to raise the hammer-dio from the anvil-die will be attended
with much the some difficulty as was had with dies heretofore in use; for the
reason that the edge-forming faces which are perpendicular to the said plano will
not be relieved from the pressure of the edges of the axe-poll or other article by
the tilting of the lower die-block until sufficient force has been exerted upon the
hammer-dic to overcome the friction existing between them, which will be liable to
twist the axe-poll or other article out of its proper shape within the matrice and
very soon disfiguro the faces of the matrice itself.
The best results to be obtained with my improved dies are when they are
arranged as above mentioned so that each of the edge-forming faces of the two
dies shall make substantially the same angle with the said plane passing through
the axis of the hinge perpendicularly to the tilting die-block; and by as much as
the edge-forming faces are made to approximate this position by so much will the
advantages of this element of my improvement be measurably obtained.
By placing the pivot of the hinge on which the lower die-block tilts; below the
lower surface of that block; the pressure between the edges of the axe-poll and
the faces of the die which form them, will be more quickly relieve I than it would
bo if the pivot was located higher up, or in line with the upper surface of that
block.
A still further advantage of my improved die, is the construction of the side-
forming faces-Across each of theso faces at the portion corresponding to the
location of the eye in the axe-poll I make a projection approximating in shape
and dimensions to that of one half of a finished eye, so that when the side-forming
faces act upon the sides of the axe-poll the metal is displaced by these projections
and a depression is formed across the poll on either side of it, thereby leaving it
thinner at that part than at the portions adjacent thereto.
By this means all the superfluous metal is removed from the eye portion of the
poll at the same time that the outlines of the poll itself are perfectly formed, while
by the use of prior existing machines it is necessary either to remove this excess
of metal from the plate partially, before it is operated upon by the dies and the
rest afterwards by hammering, or in the use of compressing jaws to punch out a
piece of metal equal to the size of the eye, or force such amount of metal into
adjacent parts of the poll, either of which latter operations requires a great amount
of power.
After the axe-poll or other article has been operated upon by my
improved dies it is taken to my improved punching machine hereinafter referred to
in which the eye is easily formed. And all this can be done at one heat.
My improved dies being open on two sides, when the two parts are not in working
contact, can easily, by a slight blast of air, be kept free from all scale and dirt
thrown off from the heated metal by the swaging operation.
Also by making the edge-formning faces project beyond the side-forming faces
a distance greater than the maximum thickness of the poll, or other article,
several different weights of such articles of the same shape can be made in one set
of dies all of which will readily appear from the drawings annexed to this
Specification and forming part thereof showing only dies for forming axe-polla
wherein :-
Figure 1. represents a perspective view of my improved dies arranged in a drop-
hammer ready for operation, with the open side of the lower or anvil-die turned
towards the front of the machine.
Figure 2 represents a perspective view of the same, when looking at the back
of the machine, or the hinged end of the tilting die-block.
Figure 3 represents a perspective view of the upper or hammer-die turned over
into a position the roverse of that which it occupies in Figure 1.
Figure 4, represents a cruss section of the improved die with the tilting die-block,
on the line. x. indicated in Figure 1: showing the several parts in the position

page_text: which they occupy in relation to each other, at the instant when the pressure
between the edges of the axe-poll and the acting faces which form them has been
relieved by the tilting of the lower die-block on its hinge.
Figure 5 represents the blauk or pattern before it is operated upon by the dies.
Figure 6 represents an axe-poll after it has been acted upon by the dies and
Figure 7 represents an axe-poll after it has been acted upon by the said punching
machine.
Like parts of this machine in the different figures are designated by the same
letters.
A is the base piece or anvil of the drop-hammer machine, B, the upright standards
between which the drop or hammer is held and guided, represented as broken off
in the drawings, in order to show the die and die-blocks more fully. C. is the
hammer, is the upper or hammer-die keyed to the hammer C, e is the lower or
anvil-die formed upon the upper portion of the dic-block f. g.-The upper portion f
of this die-block is connected to the lower portion g by means of a hinge h A
slot i is cut in the rear end of the block f (Figure 2) so that it may be adjusted
to the proper position backward or forward in order to bring the anvil-die in
proper relation to the hammer-die-The screw bolt k is mado a part of the middle
knuckle of the hinge hand by means of the nut & screwed on the end of the bolt k
the block can be held firmly in place when it has been properly adjusted. On the
under side of the block fa groove m is formed which fits over a tongue n on the
upper surface of the block g.
This tongue-and-groove hold the two blocks fg in a fixed position side-wise but
allow them to slide upon one another lengthwise when adjusting the anvil-die e
with the hammer-die d. o. p are the edge forming faces of the anvil die e that is
the faces which respectively form two edges of the axe-poll, namely: the top of
the head and one other adjacent edge, and o' p¹ the two edge-forming faces of
the hammer-die which respectively forin the bit end w of the poll, and the other
adjacent edge. 9 q' are respectively, the anvil and hammer faces of the die; that
is the faces which form the two sides of the axe-poll. are the projections upon
each of these side-forming faces which form the depression on either side of the
axe-poll at the eye portion thereof 8. 8' are the off sets on the two open edges of
each of the side forming faces. T is the pole after it has been operated upon by
the dies. u is the depression across the eye portion of the poll (shown in Figure 6)
formed by the projections on the side-forming faces. vis the head of the poll
and w the bit end thereof.
The operation of the machine is as follows: when the two parts of the die d
and e are in the position shown in Figure 1 the attendant places a heated blank,
or pattern, like that shown at Figure 5 in the anvil die e, then releases the hammer
which drops, bringing the hammer die d down upon the anvil-die e which com-
presses the metal of the pattern vertically and thereby forces it out laterally
against the edge forming faces of the matrice and thus makes a poll with perfectly
formed outlines as shown at Figure 6.
As the hammer-die d approaches the anvil-die e their respective lateral or edge-
forming faces o' plop each passes by one edge of the side-forming faces of the
opposite parks and move in close contact with the offict at that edge.
For example: the face o¹ moves in contact with offset ' of the die e and face pl
in contact with offset s of that die. Face o in contact with offset s¹ of die d and
face p in contact with offset 8 of the same dic: thus the matrice formed by the
several acting faces of the dio is closed on all sides before the metal of the pattern
has bec compressed sufficiently to force it out against the edge-forming faces and
as the lateral edge-forming faces fit closely against the surfaces of their respective
opposite offsets there is no opportunity for the metal of the pattern to be forced
between them and thereby produce a in on the axe-poll.
When the metal of the pattern has been compressed so as to completely fill the
matrice, it will bind between the opposite edge-forming faces o o¹p p', so that,

page_text: except for the means which I have provided for relieving this pressure it would bo
a matter of difficulty to withdraw the hammer-die d from the anvil-die c.
However with my tilting die-block as soon as the die d begins to ascend it will
draw the lower die e along with it, until by the tilting of the block f on the hinge l
the edge-forming faces o, p, have receded sufficiently to relieve the pressure existing
between the edges of the axe-poll T, and the said edge-forming faces, as is illustrated
in Figure 4 of the drawings at which instant the die-block f will drop back to its
horizontal position again ready for another operation.
By placing a spring between the two parts of the die block f g of sufficient
strength to nearly support the upper part f the operation of tilting it upon its
hinge by the pull of the hammer-die in its ascent, will be greatly facilitated
although the spring is not necessary to the practical operation of the machine.
If the pattern has not been sufficiently heated it may sometimes be found
necessary to strike two blows with the hammer to completely form the axe-poll or
other article.
It is obvious that the form of the matrice of the die may be varied so as to make
other articles of substantially polyhedral form: but in every instance each of the
two parts of the die must contain solid or polyhedral angles made up of adjacent
faces of the matrice which are not diametrically opposite to one another, and also
in order to produce a perfectly closed matrico as above described, that portion of
each of the faces of the upper and lower die which passes by and beyond the
surfaces of the other faces must be parallel to the line of motion of the hammer.
So far as I am aware, the eyes of axes, pick axes and similar articles have never
been made in a drop-hammer machine.
By the use of the improved machinery for swaging axes and other articles
according to my present invention, in connection with the improved machinery for
punching the same articles as described in the Specification of my application for
Patent No 10,353 to be dated as of the same day as the application for Patent for
the present invention, axe-polls may be produced at two operations and with one
heat.
•
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1st In a swaging machine, a hammer-die and an anvil-die, which when brought
together form a closed inatrice, and which are so constructed that each die embraces
only such of the acting faces of the matrice as are substantially opposite to those
contained in the other and that each die has its lateral acting faces extended in
planes parallel to the direction of movement of the hammer-dic, so as to shut by
and form a close joint with the acting faces which constitute the hammer and anvil
respectively, whereby the lines of juncture of the dies when they are in contact will
be located at the intersection of the acting faces of the matrice formed thereby
substantially as described.
2nd In a swaging machine an anvil-die provided with a hinged or pivoted
support which will permit the anvil-die to tilt upwards when the hammer-die
begins to ascend after the swaging operation in the manner and for the purpose
specified.
3rd In a swaging machine, a hammer-die and an anvil-die each of which embraces
such of the acting faces of the matrice as are substantially opposite to those con-
tained in the other, in combination with a hinged support for the anvil-die all so
arranged that the open side of the anvil-die shall be turned away from the hinged
end of the said support and the open side of the hammer-die shall be turned toward
the hinged end thereof, substantially as described for the purpose specified.
4th In a machine for swaging or pressing axe-polls or similar articles of metal of
polyhedral form, a pair of partible dies each of which contains one or more solid or
polyhedral angles, formed by complete, adjacent acting faces of the inatrice, and each
of such faces being substantially opposite to one contained in the other die, but no

page_text: portion of either of them being diametrically opposite to any other face or portion
thereof in the same die substantially as described.
5th In a machine for swaging axe-polls and similar metal blanks, a pair of dies
substantially such as are herein described and shown: the same being so con-
structed; that the two dies form a closed matrice when brought together in the act
of swaging the blank; that each die contains only complete acting faces of the
matrice and such as are each substantially opposite to a face in the other die: and
that a projection approximating in form and dimensions to one half of the finished
eye to be subsequently punched in the blank, is situated across one face of each die
at a location coincident with the position of the eye portion of the blank and
diametrically opposite to the like projection upon the similar face of the other die:
whereby during the operation of swaging, the blank is contined upon all sides, the
lines of juncture of the two dies are at angles of intersection of the surfaces of the
blank and the metal displaced from the eye portion of the blank is forced into
aljacent portions an I given the desired shape by other parts of the matrice.
6th In a swaging machine a pair of partible dies each of which contains only
such of the acting faces of the matrice formed thereby, as are substantially opposite
to those contained in the other in combination with a hinged support for one of the
dies, which will tilt towards the opposite die when the two dies begin to separate
after the swaging operation for the purpose specified.
D