IMPROVEMENTS IN WOOD TURNING MACHINES
Year: 1883

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LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Julius Boult of 323 High Holborn in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN
WOOD TURNING MACHINES a communication from Elbridge Gerry jr of
Portland in the County of Cumberland and State of Maine and Freeman
Hanson of Hollis in the County of York and State of Maine all in the United
States of America
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Alfred Julius Boult at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th October 1883.
ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of High Holborn, London, in the county of Middlesex
England IMPROVEMENTS IN "WOOD TURNING MACHINES" communicated to me
from abroad by Elbridge Gerry Jr of Portland in the county of Cumberland
and State of Maine, and Freeman Hanson of Hollis, in the county of York and
State of Maine all in the United States of America
This invention relates to machinery for turning wood, which will be fully
understood from the following description when taken in connection with the
annexed drawings. The first part of the invention relates to certain improvements
on machinery which is especially designed for cutting, carving and moulding wood
and it consists generally in a vibrating frame bearing certain clutches for holding
adjusting and rotating the pieces of wood to be cut. Secondly, an adjustable
cutter bearing heads and thirdly in many devices belonging to the above named
parts. This invention which about to describe is illustrated in the accompanying
drawings in which.
Figure 1 is a perspective view of the machine duplicated Figure 2 is a plan-
view of Figure 1, Figure 3 is a transverse section taken vertically through
Figure 2 as indicated by the dotted line x-x thereon. Figure 4 is a detail of
the device shown in Figure 1 showing the devices for moving the rack-bar.
Figure 5 is a device similar to Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 showing one half of the
machine as practically represented by the figures above referred to. This last
figure and also Figures 6, 7, 8 and 9 are modifications and in general of similar
Prins 631

page_text: construction as that shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4; and as the construction
shown in said Figures 5 to 9 is the simpler, I will first describe the same, reference
being had to said figures 5 to 9 inclusive. A designates the main frame of the
machine which I about to describe and I now desire it to be fully understood
that I shall describe two parts of the device hereinafter claimed which are
incorporated in and under the same main frame A, the said parts being integral
and of the same elements although they may be subdivided without departing
from the invention. It is obvious that any suitable motive power can be applied
for transmitting motion to the improved machinery. By means of pulley B such
power can be transmitted to the operative devices, for instance through a shaft b
and bevel gear 6' and bevel gear 611 and the gear c on shaft C. On the outside
(preferably) of frame A are placed the train of gear wheels D D', e the latter of
which is on the shaft C. These gears may be varied in size and number as
circumstances may require for the purpose of changing the speed of the shaft E
which passes through the upper gear D¹, This shaft is splined in gear D' and
supported in bearings, a a', the latter is movable horizontally on the track Fin
the upper and front part of the machine by means of a screw G which runs
lengthwise just below the track F and passes through the lower end of and carries
a handle g. This screw also works in like manner, the moving bearing as which
has in its upper end a screw H. The wood to be turned in this case is placed
between the ends of the shaft E and the screw H, the bearings a¹ a³ having been
suitably set and the screws G H having been properly adjusted so as to fix thé
wood firmly in position. By this means the wood can be readily moved back and
forth so as to present it to one or the other of the cutters I. The track F
constitutes the upper part of the frame F¹ which swings on shaft C by means of
the pitman f which has one end adjustably pivoted on the lug f¹ of the frame,
and at the other end it is eccentrically connected to the end of the shaft b, thus
it will be seen, that the frame F¹ can be moved back and forth at pleasure by
setting the pitman f up or down in the lug f¹. By this means the wood to be
cut can be presented to the cutters as may be desired so as to insure a varied
cutting.
The cutters I are spirally fixed on the shaft K which is supported in bearings
on the swinging frame L and are rotated by the pulley on which a band from
the driving shaft passes. Each cutter has a shank i which fits into a socket in the
shaft K and is then fastened by the set screw . Each cutter has an angular face
which is concave on the underside and by this peculiar shape, and by the fixed
adjustment of the cutters on the aforesaid shaft K and the movement of the wood
back and forth in front of the cutters I the most desirable results can be obtained,
as a very wide range of cutting can be made. While I have shown cutters of this
peculiar shape it is evident that I may use cutters of any other desired shape.
The frame L which swings on the shaft C can be moved back and forth by
the handle screw M m and thus the cutters can be adjusted to the work as may
be desired.
The cutters may be made in one piece with their shanks by which they are
applied and fixed in the shaft but the knife part may be adjustably fixed to the
shank if desired as is illustrated in Figure 8. Having described one machine with
a single set of cutters I will now proceed to describe the machine in which are
employed two sets of cutters and which is simply a duplicature of the one herein
above described and it consists in the following devices. A denotes a suitable
frame to support the operative devices of the machine, power being communicated
to the latter devices by means similar to those above described with such
modifications as are necessary in this construction as for instance by means of a
pulley B on a driving shaft b carrying bevel wheel b¹ that meshes with a like
wheel 6 on shaft B' which latter carries a second bevel wheel b¹¹ that is geared
to a bevel wheel c on shaft C. The latter shaft carries pinions E through which
and the idlers e' e¹ and the large gear wheels G motion is imparted to the
shafts HH The latter are thrown in and out of gear with the idlers by means

page_text: of shifting lever E¹. These gears are to be varied in size and number as may be
required to vary the speed of the shafts H', which pass through the upper gears G,
in which they are splined and supported in bearings I, I' I I. The bearings I I'
are fixed to the vibrating frame or bed J, while those I'I' are movable horizontally
on said bed in the upper and front part of the machine by means of a screw,
which runs lengthwise just below the bed J and passes through the lower end of
bracket I¹ and has at its other end a handle as already described. The wood to be
turned is placed between the ends of the shafts Hand H¹, the bearings I¹ I*
having been suitably set and the wood fixed in position by the adjusting screw.
If power is now applied to shaft b the shafts H'H' will be rotated by the gear
wheels G G, and the intermediate gearing above described said shafts being
adapted to move longitudinally by means of feathers and grooves so that while
said wheels G G will turn their shafts the latter are allowed free endwise
movement for a purpose hereinafter described. On one end of a shaft His a
ratchet chuck hand on the end of the other shaft is a spurred chuck h¹ between
which chucks the wood, bolts, or sticks to be cut, carved, or moulded are confined.
The standard I¹ is secured to a slide or guide-way P having a head and endwise
motion in a slot p of the bed J by means of a rack r and a pinion t. ; the rack is
secured to the bottom of the guide way P and the pinion t is keyed on the shaft of
a hand wheel W which shaft has its bearings on the bottom of the rocking bed J,
and is arranged at the middle of the length thereof, and allowed to drop into a
notch in the breast-beam of frame A when the bed J is in a horizontal position.
K designates a horizontal connecting bar which is secured to the standard I³ and
passed freely through the standard I and T designates a hand lever which is
pivoted to a short bracket of standard I provided with a tooth for engaging with
a tooth segment 7 which is fixed to said standard and also with a pin which is
passed through a slot in lever T and adapted to enter one or the other of a series
of holes i¹ made in the top of bar K. The bar K and the pin connect the two
standards so that they can be moved together in a longitudinal direction by
turning the hand wheel W. By manipulating the hand lever T, the standard I³
with its chuck h¹ can be caused to approach or recede from the standard I¹ and its
chuck. By these means stuff of different lengths to be carved, turned or moulded
can be easily confined between the two chucks and the stuff, can then be moved
longitudinally on the bed J by simply turning the hand wheel W
The bed J-which I have been describing is rigidly connected to five arms x all
of which are allowed to oscillate on the shaft C above referred to. The bed J and
its arms are caused to vibrate by means of an arm L which is made fast to the hub
of one of the arms x and adjustably connected by its bifurcated end to a pitman f
which is applied to a wrist pin e¹ eccentrically applied to the face of a disk e that
is keyed on one end of the main driving shaft b; by changing the ping into the
different holes through the connected ends of the pitman fand arm Ĺ the throw of
the bed J can be shortened or lengthened, N N designate two cutter-heads which
may be cylindrical or any other shape and which are slotted obliquely as shown
at n These cutter-heads have their bearings in arms M M which can be vibrated
freely on the shaft C and by means of screws a' that are tapped through rocking
nuts on the connecting bars of each pair of arms M M the extent of the vibration
of the latter is adjusted. The screws s¹ are applied to the breast beam of the
main frame so that they are not allowed to receive end wise movement. 8 are
stop screws tapped through the breast beam of the main frame A so that when the
cutter-heads N are properly adjusted by means of the screws a¹ the stop screws 8
can be adjusted against the arms of the cutter-heads so that these arms will be
rigidly held in place after they are properly adjusted. On the outer end of the
shaft of each cutter head N, I secure a pulley g' which is belted to a pulley on a
line shaft overhead, or at any convenient place. The cutter heads can then be
rotated. It will be seen that the cutter-heads are adjustable up to and from the
stuff that is held between the chucks h h' on the vibrating bed J.
I thus adapt the machine to a variety of work in carving or moulding irregular

page_text: forms. It will also be seen that I can operate on a piece of wood with the cutters
of one cutter head and then finish the article with the cutters of the other head
without removing the article from between its clamps or chucks. It will be
observed from the foregoing that I have combined in a wood working lathe, an
automatic vibrating bed, that have a machine which can be used single or double
as may be desired. What I claim is: 1 In a wood working lathe, the combi-
nation with an automatic vibrating bed, receiving vibration from the main driving
shaft, with longitudinally adjustable rotary chucks adapted to hold the wood to be
cut, rotary cutter-heads which are adjustable up to and from the said chucks and
stops for holding said cutter heads when adjusted substantially in the manner and
for the purpose described.
2nd In a wood working lathe the vibrating bed, the adjustable chucks which are
independently or together longitudinally adjustable by means of a hand lever and
rack and a hand wheel screw-nut rack substantially as described. 3rd In a wood
working lathe of the character herein described, a vibrating rotary chuck, carrying-
bed, means for vibrating this bed, and the chucks, means for rotating the chucks
and giving to them endwise movement, rotary cutter heads, which are adjustable
up to and from the chucks and stops for rigidly fixing the cutter head arms all
substantially as described. 4th In a wood working machine of the character
described, the combination of the chuck bed supported by vibrating arms with the
cutter heads also supported by vibrating arms both series of arms having their
bearings on a single rotary shaft b substantially as described. 5th In a wood-
working machine of the character herein described, the longitudinally adjustable
connected chucks, the perforated bar K and its toothed lever and rack which connect
these chucks, the guide way P for their standards and the slotted automatically
vibrating bed J with adjustable cutter heads substantially as described. 6th In a
wood working machine of the character herein described the combination of fixed
but adjustable cutter heads carrying arms their rotary bearing shaft D the vibrating
chuck carrying bed J the supporting arms therefor also having their bearings on
said shaft D the vibrating arm L also having its bearings on this shaft, and secured
rigidly to one of the arms of the said bed, and the pitman rod connection between
arm L and an eccentric wrist pin on the collar of the driving shaft substantially as
described. 7th In a wood working machine, movable supports for the wood whereby
both of the bearings which carry the parts that clamp the wood can be moved
back and forth before the cutters and likewise clamping parts which can be so
moved combined, all operating substantially as described. 8th The combination
of the splined shaft E passing centrally through and operated by the gear wheel D'
the fixed bearing a supporting said shaft the movable bearings a¹ a for holding
the wood to be cut, the track F and the screw G by which said bearings are
moved in said track substantially as described. 9th The combination of the
bearings a¹ a movable on the track F by means of screw G with the shaft K
provided with cutters I and swinging on frame L substantially as described.
10th In a wood working machine the combination of two movable bearings by
which the wood to be cut is held and moved from either end before the cutter
and mechanism whereby the wood can be also moved between the said bearings
and all placed on a swinging frame combined with rotary cutters mounted on a
swinging frame substantially as described.
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In witness whereof I the said Alfred Julius Boult have hereunto set my hand
and seal this fifteenth day of October in the year of our Lord, One thousand Eight
hundred and Eighty three,
ALFRED J. BOULT (L.S.)