IMPROVEMENTS IN DEODORIZING COD LIVER OIL, IN RENDERING IT MORE AGREEABLE AND EASIER TO USE, EITHER BY ITSELF OR MIXED, AND SO AS TO BE CAPABLE OF BEING ADMINISTERED IN LARGER QUANTITIES AND WITH GREATER SUCCESS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Sir James Murray, Knight, Doctor of
Medicine, of Dublin, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
DEODORIZING COD LIVER OIL, IN RENDERING IT MORE AGREEABLE AND
EASIER TO USE, EITHER BY ITSELF OR MIXED, AND SO AS TO BE CAPABLE
OF BEING ADMINISTERED IN LARGER QUANTITIES AND WITH GREATER
SUCCESS"
Sealed the 13th April 1853, and dated the 11th February 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Sir James Murray
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 11th February 1853.
Sir JAMES MURRAY, Knight, Doctor of Medicine, of Dublin, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN DEODORIZING COD LIVER OIL, IN RENDERING IT MORE AGREEABLE AND
EASIER TO USE, EITHER BY ITSELF OR MIXED, AND SO AS TO BE CAPABLE OF
BEING ADMINISTERED IN LARGER QUANTITIES, AND WITH GREATER SUCCESS," to
be as follows:
My Invention consists in treating the oil so as to impregnate it
most intimately with carbonic acid gas, by subjecting it to great
pressure and agitation and passing streams of this gas through it.

page_text: By this means much of the unpleasant odour and flavour are
discharged into the atmosphere and a purer oil left, into which
I infuse fixed air. I also combine the oil so treated with mucila-
ginous, alkaline, and other liquors.
The apparatus used for the purpose consists mainly of cylinders
suitably mounted on axles and capable of sustaining a considerable
pressure.
Within these cylinders are also mounted agitators, whereby the
oil and such materials or solutions as it is desirable to combine with
the oil, are rendered susceptible of receiving the fixed air among
their divided particles or globules, and thus of becoming thoroughly
impregnated with it.
In some cases also it may be desirable for medicinal purposes
to combine with the oil carbonated or treated as above, a minute
portion of carbonated soda or potass, and also a small portion of a
mild bitter or aromatic infusion or tincture not incompatible with
the general properties on account of which cod liver oil has been
hitherto usod
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters
Patent, filed by the said Sir James Murray in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 9th August 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
Sir JAMES MURRAY, Knight, Doctor of Medicine, of Dublin, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the.
sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Sir James Murray, Her.
cspecial license that I, the said Sir James Murray, my executors, ad-
ministrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Sir James
Murray, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times

page_text: thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DEODORIZING COD LIVER OIL, IN
RENDERING IT MORE AGREEABLE AND EASIER TO USE, EITHER BY ITSELF OR
MIXED, AND SO AS TO BE CAPABLE OF BEING ADMINISTERED IN LARGER QUAN-
TITIES AND WITH GREATER SUCCESS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Sir James Murray, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Sir James Murray, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement (that is to say):
My Invention of "Improvements in Deodorizing Cod Liver Oil,
in Rendering it more Agreeable and Easier to Use, either by Itself
or Mixed, and so as to be capable of being Administered in larger
Quantities, and with greater Success," consists in impregnating the
oil most intimately with carbonic acid gas, by subjecting it to
great pressure and agitation, and passing streams of this gas through
it; then infusing fixed air into the purer oil that is left after the
gasses or elements containing any unpleasant odours or fetid flavours
have been discharged into the atmosphere. The oil may be used
in this state; or it may have mixed with it, while under pressure
nd in a state of agitation, such mucilaginous, alkaline, and other
solutions as may be found desirable.
And these objects may be effected by placing the oil and other
materials to be carbonated (if any) in cylinders made of silver, or
any other safe and suitable material capable of bearing a pressure
of many atmospheres. I prefer a pressure of about two hundred
pounds on the square inch. These cylinders should be suitably
mounted with axles, and furnished with agitators, fans or beators,

page_text: revolving within the cylinders, so that when the fixed air is pressed
or forced into the cylinders, the agitators are put into action and
separate the molecules or integral globules of the oil and more
effectually divide it into its ultimate particles, so that the carbonic
acid gas may be most intimately blended with every film of the oil
itself (if that alone is the material to be carbonated), or with such
other materials as it may be thought desirable to mix with it. Any
apparatus suitable for carbonating aerated waters may be employed
in the treatment of this oil or its admixtures..
I would observe, that I am aware various attempts have been.
made to improve cod liver oil, and to deprive it of its disagreeable
odour and taste, by friction and trituration, exposed to the atmo
sphere; also by means of charcoal filters, but in neither case were
the attempts successful.
Under my Invention, however, the carbon is driven into the oil
in its most beneficial state, that of carbonic acid gas, the oil being
subdivided by the action of the beaters or fans into the most minute
particles or molecules, and the carbonic acid gas at the same time
pressed through these subdivided particles, so as to be become most
intimately united therewith, which has the effect of preserving and
improving the oil.
These processes being conducted without heat under pressure,
and unexposed to the air of the atmosphere, the medicinal qualities
of the oil will not be dissipated or become vitiated or altered; any
suitable amount of pressure may be given, but in weather of
moderate temperature .I prefer a pressure of about two hundred
pounds to the square inch.
The oil, when thus carbonated, may be used in the ordinary way;
or such oil may be made more palatable by mixing with it while still
under pressure such mucilagenous, saccharine, or other beneficial
liquors and substances as may be considered desirable, and car-
bonating this mixture in the same way as the oil.
Various materials may be thus combined or mixed with the
purified or carbonated oil in different proportions, but I have found
a beneficial result from mixing one part of the carbonated oil with

page_text: three parts of the mucilaginous and saccharine liquors, with or
without an addition of about one grain of bicarbonate of soda or
potash to the ounce of oil. I do not confine myself, however, to
the above proportions.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood
that I do not claim as of my Invention the use of the materials
above referred to, otherwise than as combined with the oil treated
as described: but what I claim is,-
The disintegration or separation of the particles of which cod
liver oil is composed by means of a high degree of pressure and
suitable agitation unexposed to the atmosphere, and the infusion
thereinto of carbonic acid gas in streams, by which the oil, either
alone or combined with other suitable materials, may become
thoroughly impregnated with the same as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Sir James Murray, have hereunto
set my hand and affixed my seal, this Sixth day of August,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
JAMES MURRAY. (L.S.)
O Signed, sealed, and delivered by
SIR JAMES MURRAY (party hereto) in presence of
JN°. NETTLETON.