Improvements relating to the Transmission of Signals through Submarine and like Cables, and Apparatus for Effecting the same.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 12th O.t., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 12th July, 1894-Accepted, 18th Aug., 1394
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to the Transmission of Signals through
Submarine and like Cables, and Apparatus for Effecting the
same.
I, ALEXANDER MUIRHEAD, of 2, Princes Street, Great George Street, in the
City of Westminster, Doctor of Science, Electrical Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention consists in improvements in the apparatus required for the
automatic transmission of signals through submarine and like telegraph cables and
in the arrangement of the battery circuits of the same with the object of more
efficiently regulating the duration and the "curbing" of the transmitted currents.
In all apparatus hitherto designed for rapid or automatic signalling on telegraph
lines, a train of clockwork is employed as motive power in connection with the
mechanism for making or breaking the contacts between the cable and the battery
and earth.
The "jar" that is communicated by the clockwork to the contact-making
levers is found to be a source of trouble when operating the apparatus at a high
speed.
According to my invention I eliminate this "jar" by substituting a series of
friction wheels for the toothed wheels of the usual clockwork train and actuating
the same by means of an electro-motor or other convenient source of power in lieu
of the usual clockwork mechanism thereby rendering the whole apparatus steadier
and more silent in its action.
In the accompanying drawings which illustrate my invention, and to which
reference is hereafter made,
Figure 1 is a plan.
Figure 2 a front elevation, and
Figure 3 an end view of an automatic transmitter apparatus constructed
according to my invention.
Figures 4, 5 and 12 are matters of detail, and
Figures 6 to 11, and 13 to 17, are diagrammatic illustrations of the battery
circuits and connections and other means for carrying my invention into effect.
Referring now to Figures 1, 2 and A is the driving pulley of the automatic
transmitter which may be connected by a band to the electro-motor or other motor
employed or it may be driven direct from the motor by means of an intermediate
friction wheel. In the former case the periphery of the driving pulley A is
preferably grooved as shown; in the latter case it is flat and either milled edged
or rubber faced as hereinafter described in relation to other wheels in the train.
Between the driving pulley A and the spur-wheel F, (see Figure 2) is a suitable
series of friction wheels, B, C, D and E; B and E, being on one spindle and C
and D, on separate ones. The perimeters of the wheels, B and D, are covered
with vulcanized india-rubber, leather, or other suitable material, and the contact
surfaces of the wheels C and E are grooved or milled to increase the amount of surface
contact. The milled wheel C is kept applied to the surface of the rubber covered
wheel B by means of a spring G acting on a loose bearing carried at the end of
the arm H. The same device is applied to the wheel D. Two contact levers S¹S²
terminate at one end in rounded steel noses r opposite to corresponding grooves in
the roller J, at the other end they terminate in flat springs y kept in contact when
at rest with the insulated studs 2. These studsz are planted on an ebonite or other
slab of insulating material v. The two levers S' S² are pivotted on the same

page_text: =
axis and are each in electrical connection through their axis and spiral springs w
attached to them and through the framework of the instrument. The ends of these
levers S' S² when the perforated paper is in position between the spur-wheel F and
the grooved roller J are kept firmly pressed against their respective insulated
studs z.
Whenever a hole in the perforated paper band comes opposite one or
other of the steel points or noses, the corresponding lever falls into the groove of
the roller J, and breaking contact at the studs thus interrupt the local circuit of the
automatic transmitter. The duration of the contacts of the levers S1, S2 may be
regulated mechanically by adjusting the distance of the grooved roller from the
ends of the levers either by varying the position of the grooved roller or that of
the levers themselves. The drawings show the levers carried on the sliding-piece K,
and capable of adjustment by means of the keyed spindle K' being turned in the
socket K². At the side or otherwise conveniently disposed on the automatic
transmitter a switch may be fixed for the purpose of inserting an ordinary hand-
signalling key whenever required. In order to indicate the speed at which the
spur-wheel Fis revolving I attach to the same shaft as the driving pulley A the
armature of a suitable electro-motor having in circuit therewith a galvanometer
whose scale is calibrated in terms of "letters per minute"; the deflexion of the
index of the galvanometer being proportional to the number of revolutions per
minute of the armature and therefore of the spur-wheel F.
It will be seen that immediately on the interruption of the local circuit of the
automatic transmitter a current from the battery begins to flow into the cable and
the battery is kept applied to the cable until the levers of the automatic transmitter
return to their respective limiting stops as shown clearly in Figure 14. Larger
signals than can be obtained by the method of working automatic transmitters
adopted hitherto is the result of this improvement.
In the local circuit of the automatic transmitter I employ one or more electro-
magnets or induction coils for the purpose of regulating the duration of the primary
currents and the "curbing currents sent into the cable. The electro-magnets or
induction coils I prefer to use are of the well-known closed horse-shoe form such
as shown in section in Figure 4, or are in the form of a single rod of soft iron
having flanges also of soft iron and a cylindrical casing of iron closing over the
wire connecting the flanges magnetically as shown in section in Figure 5 as will be
well understood. In each of the two last mentioned figures the parts marked
with the numeral 1 are made of soft iron; those parts marked 2 represent wire.
Another form of electro-magnet which I may sometimes employ in carrying out
this invention is one in which the amount of soft-iron core introduced into the coils
can be readily adjusted by means of an adjusting screw.
In Figure 6 S S² represent the two contact levers of an automatic transmitter.
The primary wire P of the induction coil P S is connected up between the middle
of the split battery and the junction of the levers S₁ S2, the secondary wire S
being connected to the coils of the double polarized relay T. When one of the
levers S¹ S2 is deflected a current flows from one half of the split battery through
the primary wire P of the induction coil inducing a current in the secondary wire S
which operates on one tongue of the double-tongued relay T in circuit therewith.
On the cessation of this primary current, a current, reversed in direction to the
former, is induced in S which has the effect of operating the other tongue of the
double tongued relay and thereby sending a reversed or curbing" current into
the cable. In order to prolong the current through this transmitting relay T when
one or other of the levers S S² is operated, the primary wire of the induction
coil P S is connected to the secondary through an adjustable resistance t.
adjustable resistances to regulate the battery currents.
66
rrare
Figure 7 shows an alternative method of carrying out the preceding arrange-
ment and consists in winding two separate coils 3, 3, and 4, 4, on the polarized
transmitter T and joining them up with the two circuits of the induction
coil P S.
Figure 8 shows another mode of carrying out the last arrangement and consists

page_text: in placing the secondary circuit of the induction coil PS between the cable and
earth the terminals of the primary circuit being joined up to the tongues LE of
the polarized relay respectively. In order to facilitate the adjustment of the
"curbing" currents when the induction coil is placed in this position an adjustable
shunted condenser Q is added to the local battery circuit and placed in circuit with
the polarized relay as shown. The capacity of this condenser is varied until the
discharge from it which takes place on the return of one or other of the levers S¹ S²
to its position of rest neutralises any excessive "curbing" of the transmitted signal
that may be due to the extra current in the induction coil P S.
A convenient method of varying the shunt of the condenser Q without altering
the total resistance of the circuit between the middle of the split-battery and the
junction of the two levers S'S' is to employ a slide resistance in the manner shown
in Figure 9 connecting one pole of the said condenser to the index of the slide.
The shunt of the condenser is adjusted until sufficient current flows through the
relay T to work the tongues LE firmly against the limiting stops.
An alternative method of utilizing the condenser Q, and one which may be used
with or without the induction-coil PS in the previous figures, is illustrated in
Figure 10. The double tongued polarized relay T in this case is wound with two
coils 5, 6 and 5, 7. One coil is connected between the junction of the levers S¹ S
and the middle of the split-battery and the other coil, having the condenser Q in
series with it, is placed between the same two points. With this arrangement no
shunt to the condenser is required and the amount of current necessary to work the
double polarized relay is more readily adjusted.
If it is not required to curb the signals, I prefer to employ two adjustable
electro-magnets as shown at P1 P2 in Figure 11 in circuit with the two halves of
the split-battery respectively. These electro magnets are made of sufficient
magneto-inductive capacity to give the maximum length of contact required on the
polarised transmitter and they may be conveniently put together on the same iron
cores as shown in Figure 12. In this case it is not necessary to split the battery.
Figure 13 illustrates the arrangement with a single battery Z Cr being a resistance
for the purpose of regulating the battery current.
The automatic transmitter may be used to transmit directly into the cable
without the intermediate relay T. Figure 14 is illustrative of this arrangement.
When the automatic transmitter is so used I prefer to place an electro-magnetic
retardation coil P between the cable and earth.
When a hand signalling key is used, only one electro-magnetic retardation
coil P Figure 15 is required in lieu of two as shown in Figure 11 to regulate the
duration of the contacts of the levers L E of the double tongued relay T. An
equivalent device is to put a condenser across the coils of the relay T as a shunt, as
shown in dotted lines in Figure 15.
The automatic transmitter above described can also be arranged to make or
close the circuit of the line battery or the local battery circuit when a polarised
transmitter is used by making use of the limiting stops beneath the levers S¹ S³.
In all the various herein before described arrangements of the local circuit of the
automatic transmitter a single tongued polarised relay can be constructed to take
the place of the double tongued relay T in the manner shown in Figure 16.
When much firmer contacts are required than can be obtained by means of any
of the above arrangements I may employ an extra polarised relay T of low
resistance joined up between the automatic transmitter and the double tongued
relay T, as shown in Figure 17.
In the diagrammatic illustrations accompanying this Specification C₁ is the
condenser which is in most cases inserted between the cable and the transmitting
apparatus.
בז
1000
A. F. SPOONER,
124, Chancery Lane, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements relating to the Transmission of Signals through
Submarine and like Cables, and Apparatus for Effecting the
same.
I, ALEXANDER MUIRHEAD, of No. 2 Princes Street, in the City of Westminster,
Doctor of Science, Electrical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
My invention consists in improvements in the apparatus required for the automatic
transmission of signals through submarine and like telegraph cables and in the
arrangement of the battery circuits of the same with the object of regulating
more efficiently the duration and the "curbing" of the transmitted currents.
In all apparatus hitherto designed for rapid or automatic signalling on telegraph
lines, a train of clockwork is employed as the motive power in connection with the
mechanism for making or breaking the contacts between the cable and battery and
earth.
The "jar" that is communicated by the clockwork to the contact-making levers
is found to be a source of trouble when operating the apparatus at a high speed.
According to my invention I eliminate this "jar" by substituting a series of
friction wheels for the toothed wheels of the usual clockwork train and actuating
the same by means of an electro-motor or other convenient source of power in lieu
of the usual clockwork mechanism, thereby rendering the whole apparatus steadier
and more silent in its action.
In the drawings accompanying my Provisional Specification, and to which
reference is hereafter made,
Figure 1 is a plan;
Figure 2 a front elevation; and
Figure 3 an end view of an automatic transmitting apparatus constructed
according to my invention.
Figures 4, 5 and 12 are matters of detail, and
Figures 6 to 11 and 13 to 17 are diagrammatic illustrations of the battery
circuits and connections and other means for carrying my invention into effect.
In the drawings accompanying this Specification Figures 1*, 2* and 3* are
respectively plan, side elevation, and end elevation of a modified form of the
transmitting apparatus, and Figure 4* is a diagrammatic illustration similar to
those above referred to.
Referring to Figures 1, 2, and 3, A is the driving pulley of the automatic
transmitter which may be connected by a band to the electromotor or other motor
employed, or it may be driven direct from the motor by means of an intermediate
friction wheel. In the former case the periphery of the driving pulley A is
preferably grooved as shown; in the latter case it is flat and either milled
edged or rubber faced as hereinafter described in relation to other wheels
in the train. Between the driving pulley A and the spur-wheel F (see
Figures 2 and 2*) is a suitable series of friction wheels B, C, D and E;
C and D being on the same spindle and B and E on separate ones. The
perimeters of the wheels B and D are covered with vulcanised india-rubber,
leather, or other suitable material, and the contact surfaces of the wheels C and E
are grooved or milled to increase the amount of surface contact. The wheels C
and D are kept applied to the surface of the wheels B and E respectively by
means of a spring & acting on a loose bearing carried at the end of the arms H.
Two contact levers S', S2 terminate at one end in rounded steel noses a opposite to
corresponding grooves in the roller J; at the other end they terminate in flat

page_text: springs y kept in contact when at rest with the insulated studs z. These studs =
are planted on a slab of ebonite or other insulating material v. The two levers S¹, S³
are pivotted on the same axis but insulated from each other and are each in electrical
connection through spiral springs attached to them to two terminals of the
instrument. The ends of these levers S₁ S' when the perforated paper is in
position between the spur-wheel F and the grooved roller J are kept firmly pressed
against their respected insulated studs c. Whenever a hole in the perforated
paper band comes opposite one or other of the steel points or noses of the
levers S, S² the corresponding lever falls through the hole into the groove of the
roller) and the contact of the lever with the stud is broken, thus interrupting
the local circuit of the automatic transmitter. The duration of the contacts of
the levers S¹, S² may be regulated mechanically by adjusting the distance of the
grooved roller from the ends of the levers S1, S2 either by varying the position of
the grooved roller or that of the lever themselves. Figures 1, 2 and 3 of the
drawings show the levers carried on the sliding-piece K and capable of adjustment
by means of the keyed spindle K' being turned in the socket K². Figures 1*, 2*
and 3* of the drawings accompanying this Specification show a modified form of
transmitting apparatus wherein the platform a is attached to the piece K and
movable vertically therewith by means of the spindle K' carrying two pinions K³, K+
which engage with toothed racks K³, K³ attached to the platform. The contact
levers S¹, S in this form of the instruinent are mounted vertically and play between
the limiting stops z and which are connected to the two poles of the battery
respectively. To facilitate the stopping and starting of the spur wheel the shaft
carrying the wheels C and D is made capable of being moved to and fro operating
to put the wheels C and B, and D and E in and out of contact. The spring G
bears on the shaft t through a roller b. On one side of the spring G is attached an
angular piece c which embraces the shaft t. On the other side of the spring G is
attached a pin d which engages with the thread e* at the end of the arm e the
other extremity of which arm terminates in a milled edged button f. At the side
or otherwise conveniently disposed on the automatic transmitter a switch may be
fixed for the purpose of inserting an ordinary hand-signalling key whenever
required.
In order to indicate the speed at which the spur-wheel F is revolving I attach
to the same shaft as that carrying the spur-wheel the armature of a suitable
electromotor having in circuit therewith a galvanometer whose scale is calibrated
in terms of "letters per minute"; the deflexion of the index of the galvanometer
being proportional to the number of revolutions per minute of the armature and
therefore of the spur wheel F.
It will be seen on reference to Figures 6 to 17 that immediately on the
interruption of the local circuit of the automatic transmitter, a current from the
line battery begins to flow into the cable and the battery is kept applied to the cable
until the levers of the automatic transmitter return to their respective limiting
stops as shown clearly in Figure 14. Larger signals than can be obtained by the
method of working automatic transmitters adopted hitherto is the result of this
improvement.
In the local circuit of the automatic transmitter and elsewhere in the following
arrangements 1 employ one or more electromagnets and induction coils or trans-
formers for the purpose of regulating the duration of the primary currents and
the curbing currents sent into the cable. The electro-magnets and induction coils
or transformers I prefer to use are of the well-known closed horse-shoe form such
as shown in section in Figure 4, or are in the form of a single rod of soft iron
having flanges also of soft iron and a cylindrical casing of iron closing over the
wire connecting the flanges magnetically as shown in section in Figure as will be
well understood. In each of the two last mentioned figures the parts marked with
the numeral 1 are made of soft iron; those marked 2 represent the wire forming
in transformers the primary and secondary circuits. Another form of electro-
magnet which I may sometimes employ in carrying out this invention is one in

page_text: which the amount of soft-iron core introduced into the coils can be readily adjusted
by means of an adjusting screw.
In Figure 6, S1, S2 represent the two contact levers of an automatic transmitter.
The primary wire P of the transformer or induction coil P S constructed as above
described is connected up between the middle of the split battery and the junction
of the levers S1 S³, the secondary wire S being connected to the coils of the
double polarised relay T. When one of the levers S1, S2 is deflected on the
passage of a perforation in the paper band a current flows from one half of
the split battery through the primary wire P of the induction coil or transformer
inducing a current in the secondary wire S which operates on one tongue of the
double-tongued relay T in circuit therewith. On the cessation of this primary
current, a current, reversed in direction to the former, is induced in S which has
the effect of operating the other tongue of the doubled-tongued relay and thereby
sending a reversed or "curbing" current into the cable. In order to prolong the
current through this transmitting relay T when one or other of the levers S₁ S* is
operated, the primary wire of the induction coil or transformer P S is connected to
the secondary through an adjustable resistance t. r, are adjustable resistances to
regulate the battery currents.
Figure 7 shows an alternative method of carrying out the preceding arrange-
ment and consists in winding two separate coils 3, 3 and 4, 4 on the polarised
transmitter T and joining them up with the two circuits of the induction coil or
transformer P S.
Figure 8 shows another mode of carrying out the last arrangement and consists
in placing one of the circuits of the induction coil or transformer P S, say, the
secondary, between the cable and earth, the terminals of the primary circuit being
joined up to the tongues L, E of the polarised relay respectively.
"
In order to facilitate the adjustment of the "curbing or extra currents when
the induction coil or transformer is placed in this position an adjustable shunted
condenser Q is added to the local battery circuit and placed in circuit with the
polarised relay as shown. The static capacity of this condenser is varied until the
discharge from it which takes place on the return of one or other of the levers S¹, S²
to its position of rest neutralises any excessive "curbing" of the transmitted signal
that may be due to the extra current in the induction coil or transformer P. S.
Or instead of the condenser a second induction coil or transformer can be used
in conjunction with the transmitter T.
A convenient method of varying the shunt of the condenser Q without altering
the total resistance of the circuit between the middle of the split-battery and the
junction of the two levers S', S2 is to employ a slide resistance in the manner
shown in Figure 9 connecting one pole of the said condenser to the index of the
slide. The shunt of the condenser is adjusted until sufficient current flows through
the relay T to work the tongues L. E firmly against the limiting stops.
An alternative method of utilising the condenser Q, and one which may be used
with or without the induction coils or transformers P S in the previous figures, is
illustrated in Figure 10. The double-tongued polarised relay T in this case is
wound with two coils 5, 6 and 5, 7. One coil is connected between the junction of
the levers S1, S2 and the middle of the split-battery and the other coil, having the
condenser Qin series with it, is placed between the same two points. With this
arrangement no shunt to the condenser is required and the amount of current
necessary to work the double polarised relay is more readily adjusted.
If it is not required to curb the signals, I prefer to employ two adjustable
electro-magnets as shown at P1, P2 in Figure 11 in circuit with the two halves of the
split-battery respectively. These electro-magnets are made of sufficient magneto-
inductive capacity to give the maximum length of contact required on the polarised
transmitter and they may be conveniently put together on the same iron cores as
shown in Figure 12. In this case it is not necessary to have a split battery.
Figure 13 illustrates the arrangement with a single battery Z C, r being a resistance
for the purpose of regulating the battery current.

page_text: The automatic transmitter may be used to transmit directly into the cable with it
the intermediate relay T. Figure 14 is illustrative of this arrangement. When
the automatic transmitter is so used I prefer to place an electro-magnet.
retardation coil P between the cable and earth.
When a hand signalling key is used, only one electro-magnetic retardation
coil P (see Figure 15) is required in lieu of two as shown in Figure 11 to regulate
the duration of the contacts of the levers L E of the double tongued relay T. An
equivalent device is to put a condenser across the coils of the relay T as a shunt,
as shown in dotted lines in Figure 15.
The automatic transmitter above described can also be arranged to make or close
the circuit of the line battery directly from its levers S¹ S² or to make or close the
local battery circuit when an intermediate polarised transmitter is employed by
making use of the limiting stops 1, on that side of the levers S1 S2 opposite to the
stops z, as shown in Figure 2* of the drawings accompanying this Specification.
Figure 4* illustrates diagrammatically a method of joining up the contact levers of
the automatic transmitter to make contact with the line battery, or with the local
battery when an intermediate transmitter is used. S¹ S² represent the two contact
levers of the automatic transmitter. The primary wire P of an induction coil or
transformer P S is connected up between the cable and earth, and the secondary
wire of greater number of turns S is connected up to the two levers or
armatures L, E of the double polarised transmitter T as shown in the diagram.
The coils of the double polarised transmitter, shunted by the electro-magnet 1"1
which is of adjustable electro-magnetic capacity, or alternatively by the shunted
condenser as shown in broken lines at C* are joined up to the levers S1, S2 of the
automatic transmitter. On the deflection of one or other of the levers S¹, S⁹ a
current from the local battery B¹ of the automatic transmitter flows through the
polarised transmitter deflecting the corresponding tongue L or E and connecting the
line battery in one direction or the other through the secondary wire of the induction
coil or transformer P S. On the return of the lever of the automatic transmitter
to its upper stop, that is to say, on the cessation of the current in the polarised
transmitter, an induced current from the electro magnetic shunt P deflects
momentarily the opposite tongue of the polarised transmitter, thus sending a
current through the secondary wire S, in the opposite direction to the previous one,
the strength of which can be adjusted by varying the amount of the electromagnetic
capacity of self induction of the electro-magnetic shunt P¹ to give the best curbing.
effect on the signals transmitted into the cable.
After the above description of Figure 4* it will be obvious how, in all the other
arrangements herein described, to join up the levers of the automatic transmitter so
that the circuit of the local battery, or the line battery when no intermediate
transmitter or relay is employed, is made or closed when the levers fall on the
limiting stops z¹.
In the above arrangements any suitable form of automatic transmitter may be
employed in lieu of the form above described as for example the Bain automatic
transmitter in which the levers S₁ S' are replaced by two springs which rest on the
perforated paper and fall through the perforations to make contact on a metallic or
conducting surface beneath thereby completing the local circuit of the transmitter
or the line battery circuit when no intermediate transmitter is employed.
In all the various herein before described arrangements of the local circuit of
the automatic transmitter a single tongued polarised relay can be constructed
to take the place of the double tongued relay T in the manner shown in
Figure 16.
When much firmer contacts are required than can be obtained by means of any
of the above arrangements I may employ an extra relay T', polarised or not, of
low resistance joined up between the levers S¹ S2 of the automatic transmitter and
the double tongued relay T as shown in Figure 17.
In the diagrammatic illustrations accompanying my Provisional Specification,
and also in Figure 4* of the drawings accompanying this Specification, C¹ is the

page_text: condenser which is in most cases inserted between the cable and the transmitting
apparatus.
In some cases, especially on short cables or those in which the conductor of the
cable is of large sectional area and consequently of low resistance, I prefer to put
the condenser C₁ (when such a condenser is required) in circuit with that coil of
the induction coil or transformer which is connected up to the tongues L, E of the
polarised transmitter T or, when no polarised transmitter is employed, in circuit with
the contact levers S¹, S² of the automatic transmitter.
The position of the secondary and primary coils or wires of the induction coils
or transformers relatively to the cable in all the above arrangements depends upon
whether it is required to transform down or up from the circuit in which the line
battery is placed; it being understood that the secondary circuit is that which
contains the greater number of convolutions of wire.
In some cases it may be advisable to have the same number of turns of wire in
both the primary and secondary circuits of the induction coil or transformer.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. In apparatus for the automatic transmission of telegraphic signals, the use of
friction gearing in lieu of toothed gearing or clockwork substantially as set forth.
2. In apparatus for the automatic transmission of telegraphic signals, regulating
the duration of the battery contacts by varying the distance between the contact
levers S¹ S2 and the grooved roller J over which the perforated band passes..
3. The arrangement and combination of parts constituting my improved instru-
ment for the automatic transmission of telegraphic signals substantially as
described with reference to Figures 1, 2, 3 and 1*, 2*, and 3* of the accompanying
drawings.
4. In a system of automatic transmission of signals through submarine and like
cables, the means substantially as set forth, whereby curbing currents are sent into
the cable during the interval when the levers of an automatic transmitter are
deflected from their respective limiting stops, the duration of such currents being
regulated to suit the particular cable.
5. In a system of automatic transmission of signals through submarine and like
cables, the combination, with a cable (or cable and condenser) and line battery, of
an automatic transmitter, a local battery, an induction coil or transformer with a
polarised relay in circuit therewith, and resistances, operating to regulate the
duration of the currents sent into the cable substantially as set forth and illustrated
in Figure 6.
6. In a system of automatic transmission of signals through submarine and like
cables, the combination, with a cable (or cable and condenser) and line battery, of
an automatic transmitter, a local battery, an induction coil or transformner with a
doubly wound polarised relay in circuit therewith, and resistances, operating to
regulate the duration of the currents sent into the cable substantially as set forth,
and illustrated in Figure 7.
"
7. In a system of automatic transmission of signals through submarine and like
cables, the combination, with a cable (or cable and condenser) and line battery, of
an automatic transmitter, a local battery, an induction coil or transformer with a
polarised relay in circuit therewith, a shunted condenser added to the local circuit
of the automatic transmitter, and resistances, operating to facilitate the adjustment
of the "curbing' currents sent into the cable substantially as set forth and
illustrated in Figure 8.
8. In a system of automatic transmission of signals through submarine and like
cables, the combination, with a cable (or cable and condenser) and line battery, of
an automatic transmitter, a local battery, an induction coil or transformer with a
polarised relay in circuit therewith, a shunted condenser added to the local circuit
of the automatic transmitter, a slide resistance for the purpose of varying the shunt

page_text: on such condenser without altering the resistance of the circuit of the polarised
transmitter, and other resistances, operating to facilitate the adjustment of the
curbing" currents sent into the cable substantially as set forth and illustrated in
Figure 9.
46
9. In a system of automatic transmission of signals through submarine and like
cables, the combination with a cable (or cable and condenser) and line battery, of
an automatic transmitter, a local battery, a doubly wound polarised relay having a
condenser in series with one of its coils, and resistances, operating to regulate the
duration of the currents sent into the cable substantially as set forth and illustrated
in Figure 10.
10. In a system of automatic transmission of signals through submarine and like
cables, the combination, with a cable (or cable and condenser) and line battery, of
an automatic transmitter, a polarised relay, a local battery and two adjustable
electro-magnets in circuit with the two halves thereof, operating to regulate the
duration of the currents sent into the cable substantially as set forth and illustrated
in Figure 11.
11. In a system of automatic transmission of signals through submarine and like
cables, the combination, with a cable (or cable and condenser) and line battery, of
an automatic transmitter, a polarised relay, a battery, an adjustable resistance, and
two adjustable electro-magnets in circuit with such battery, operating to regulate
the duration of the currents sent into the cable substantially as set forth and
illustrated in Figure 13.
12. In a system of automatic transmission of signals through submarine and like
cables, the combination, with a cable, of an automatic transmitter, a split-battery,
resistances, and an electro-magnetic retardation coil, whereby the currents may be
regulated and transmitted directly into the cable substantially as set forth and
illustrated in Figure 14.
13. In a system of transmission of signals through submarine and like cables,
the combination, with a cable (or cable and condenser) and line battery, of a hand
signalling key or an automatic transmitter, a battery a polarised relay, and an
electro-magnetic retardation coil, or alternatively a condenser as a shunt across the
coils of such relay, operating to regulate the duration of the currents sent into the
cable substantially as set forth and illustrated in Figures 15 and 16.
14. In a system of automatic transmission of signals through submarine and like
cables, the combination, with a cable (or cable and condenser) and line battery, of
an automatic transmitter, a polarised relay, a local battery, and an adjustable
electro-magnet, resistances, and an additional relay or transmitter of low resistance
joined up between the automatic transmitter and the sending relay whereby firmer
contacts are produced between the cable and line battery and earth substantially
as set forth and illustrated in Figure 17.
15. In a system of automatic transmission of signals through submarine and like
cables, the combination, with a cable (or cable and condenser) and line battery, of
an automatic transmitter, and an induction coil or transformer either with or without
an intermediate double polarised transmitter and an adjustable electro-magnetic
shunt, or alternatively a shunted condenser, substantially as set forth and illustrated
in Figure 4*.
16. In systems of transmission of telegraphic signals wherein induction coils or
transformers are employed, utilising the electro-magnetic capacity of self-induction
of coils of wire, or the equivalent thereof the static capacity of a condenser, to
regulate the curbing effect of the extra current in such induction coils or trans-
formers.
LO
Lava day or uly 2008
A. F. SPOONER,
124, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.