IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Thomas Hughes, of the Firm of Hughes
and Son, Patent Agents, 123, Chancery Lane, London, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR AND IN
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."-A communication from abroad by
Joseph Kodl and Johann Jugl, both of Ronow, Bohemia.
Sealed the 22nd December 1809, and dated the 29th June 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Thomas Hughes
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 29th June 1869.
I, EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes and Son, Patent
Agents, 123, Chancery Lane, London, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR AND
IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," a communication to me from abroad by
Joseph Kodl and Johann Jugl, both of Ronow, Bohemia, to be as
follows:-
:
This Invention consists in the application of hydraulic and atmospheric
pressure to the processes of claying and clearing sugar. The pressure
is applied at from to 3 atmospheres, and the process (now occupying

page_text: Above the moulds
from 3 to 5 days) is completed in from half an hour to 6 hours time,
according to the height of pressure and the quality and quantity of
sugar to be clayed and cleared. In one process the moulds are filled
with sugar juice at a temperature of from 25° to 30° C. to within 4 inch
from the top, and air-tight covers are pressed over the moulds by screwed
cramps or other suitable means. From the top of the cover projects
a small pipe, over which is pressed a tube of india-rubber, the other end
of which tube is pressed over a corresponding pipe leading from a main
horizontal pipe, by which the sugar juice is conveyed to the moulds, the
pliable tube being closed when required by a clip and ring operated
by hand, and the horizontal supply pipe having as many small holes
projecting therefrom as there are moulds to be filled.
is the reservoir for containing the supply of sugar juice, which is con-
veyed to the horizontal pipe through a vertical pipe having a valve for
opening or closing the passage as required. When the sugar juice is
admitted through the various pipes into the moulds it presses upon the
sugar, forcing away the syrup, which passes through an opening at the
bottom of the moulds into a channel, by which it is conveyed into a
suitable receptacle, and may be re-used if desired. The reservoir which
must be kept full during the process of claying is placed at an altitude
of about 32 feet from the moulds, thus giving a pressure of 1 atmosphere,
which is sufficient for claying the sugar loaves in from 2 to 3 hours.
At the commencement of the process the air from the spaces between
the sugar and the covers of the moulds is expelled through air cocks
by the entrance of the juice, the process of claying being continued so
long as the liquor which runs from the mould remains clear. When the
claying process is finished the valve communicating with the reservoir
is shut and air is pumped through the horizontal pipe into the spaces,
pressing upon and driving out the juice still remaining in the sugar
loaves, the pressure of the air being regulated by a guage and safety
valve. When the reservoir cannot be placed at a sufficient height
above the moulds to cause the hydraulic pressure to operate efficiently
atmospheric pressure only is applied, by this method a separate vessel
is used filled with sugar juice through a hopper to within a few inches
of the top, having an air cock and discharging cock attached thereto,
aud a glass guage to indicate the height of the juice in the vessel.
A pipe in communication with the horizontal supply pipe before
mentioned is passed through the top of the reservoir, reaching nearly
to the bottom thereof; and air or steam is caused to exert a pressure

page_text: on the surface of the sugar juice, forcing it up the said pipe into the
spaces above the sugar in the moulds, the other processes in connection
with the claying being the same as in the first method.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edward Thomas Hughes in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 29th December 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes and Son, Patent Agents, 123,
Chancery Lane, London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of Junc, in the year
of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Edward Thomas Hughes, Her special
licence that I, the said Edward Thomas Hughes, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Edward Thomas Hughes,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, usc, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," a com-
munication to me from abroad by Joseph Kodl and Johann Jugl, both
of Ronow, Bohemia, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Edward Thomas Hughes, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
scals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Thomas Hughes, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement (that is to say) :-
-

page_text: This Invention consists in the application of hydraulic and atmospheric
pressure to the processes of claying and clearing sugar. The pressure is
applied at from 1 to 3 atmospheres, and the process (now occupying
from 3 to 5 days) is completed in from half an hour to six hours time,
according to the height of pressure and the quality and quantity of sugar
to be clayed and cleared.
In order that this Invention may be clearly understood I will describe
the same with reference to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings. In
one process the moulds 1 placed on a frame 2 are filled with sugar
juice at a temperature of from 25° to 30° C. to within inch from the
top, and air-tight covers 3 are pressed over the moulds 1 by screwed
cramps or other suitable means. From the top of the cover 3 projects
a small pipe 7, over which is pressed a tube of india-rubber 9, the other
end of which tube is pressed over a corresponding pipe S leading from
a main horizontal pipe 10, by which the sugar juice is conveyed to
the moulds 1, the pliable tube 9 being closed when required by a clip
and ring 11 operated by hand, and the horizontal supply pipe 10 having
as many small pipes 8 projecting therefrom as there are moulds to be
filled. Above the moulds 1 is the reservoir 12 for containing the supply
of sugar juice, which is conveyed to the horizontal pipe 10 through a
vertical pipe 13 having a valve 14 for opening or closing the passage as
required. When the sugar juice is admitted through the various pipes
with the moulds it presses upon the sugar 6, forcing away the syrup,
which passes through an opening 17 at the bottom of the moulds into
a channel 18, by which it is conveyed into a suitable receptacle 19, and
may be re-used if desired. The reservoir 12, which must be kept full
during the process of claying, is placed at an altitude of about 32 feet
from the moulds, thus giving a pressure of 1 atmosphere, which is
sufficient for claying the sugar loaves in from 2 to 3 hours. At the
commencement of the process the air from the spaces 5 between the
sugar 6 and the cover 3 of the moulds 1 is expelled through air cocks 5*
by the entrance of the juice, the process of claying being continued so
long as the liquor which runs from the mould remains clear. When the
claying process is finished the valve 14 communicating with the
reservoir 12 is shut, and air is pumped through the horizontal pipes
20, 21, and 16 into the spaces 5, pressing upon and driving out the
juice still remaining in the sugar loaves 6, the pressure of the air being
regulated by a guage 25 and safety valve 26. When the reservoir

page_text: cannot be placed at a sufficient height above the moulds to cause the
hydraulic pressure to operate efficiently atmospheric pressure only is
applied. By this method a separate vessel 28 is used filled with sugar
juice 34 through a hopper 31 to within a few inches of the top, having
an air cock 30 and discharging cock 33 attached thereto and a glass
guage 29 to indicate the height of the juice in the vessel 28. A pipe 36
in communication with the horizontal supply pipe 16 before mentioned
is passed through the top of the reservoir 28, reaching nearly to the
bottom thereof, and air or steam is caused to exert a pressure on the
surface of the sugar juice 34, forcing it up the said pipe 36 into the
spaces 5 above the sugar in the moulds 1; the other processes in
communication with the claying being the same as in the first method.
Steam may be passed through the valve 35 if desired to increase the
pressure of the air upon the juice. The process of claying the sugar
in large low vessels is similar to that already described. The vessel
is covered in air-tight, and has from 16 to 20 holes about half an inch
diameter to each square foot of its base, the said holes being closed
when the vessel is filled, and opened when the process of claying
commences.
Having thus described the nature and particulars of the said Invention,
as communicated to me from abroad, I claim, the processes herein
described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings for claying and
clearing sugar by hydraulic, and air, or steam pressure.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Hughes, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Twenty-eighth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.