JOURNALS AND JOURNAL BOXES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert John Haddan, of the Firm of Herbert and
Company, Patent Agents, of 67,
Engineer, for the Invention of
JOURNALS AND JOURNAL BOXES."
Sweeney, Engineer, and William
York, United States of America.
Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-LUBRICATING
A communication from abroad by Peter
Edward Cooper, Merchant, both of New
aled the 2nd November 1877, and dated the 30th May 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Herbert John Haddan at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th May 1877.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Patent Agents,
of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SELF-LUBRICATING JOURNALS AND JOURNAL BOXES." A communication from
abroad by Peter Sweeney, Engineer, and William Edward Cooper, Merchant, both
of New York, United States of America.
This Invention consists of a journal box, the bearing surface of which is formed
by the end grains of the pieces of wood which form its lining, and which is provided
with one or more recesses for the reception of a dry lubricating compound; also of a
journal box, the bearing surface of which is composed of supporting layers of raw
hide alternating with lubricating layers made of a dry lubricator; and lastly, of a
journal for a shaft or axle provided with circular or spiral grooves filled with a dry
lubricator.
The dry lubricator may be formed of plumbago and collodion, with camphor,
mercury, and paper pulp mixed therewith, or any of the present dry lubricating
compounds may be used.
The journal boxes may be made of an outer case of metal lined with the improved
bearing surfaces of wood, leather, and dry lubricant, arranged as above described,

page_text: and to keep the various layers firmly together pins or bolts with collars and screwed
heads with nuts may be used, ar other convenient means may be employed for the
purpose of holding in place the various materials,
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Herbert John Haddan in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
29th November 1877.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Patent Agents,
of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SELF-LUBRICATING JOURNALS AND JOURNAL BOXES." A communication from
abroad by Peter Sweeney, Engineer; and William Edward Cooper, Merchant, both
of New York, United States of America.
The first part of this Invention, consists in a journal box which is lined with.
wood, the pieces of wood which compose the lining being so.arranged that the
bearing surface of the box is formed of the end grains of the pieces of wood, said
lining being provided with recesses for the reception of a lubricating compound of
plumbago and collodion, or any other lubricating compound' of a similar nature,
whereby the box is rendered self-lubricating.
The second part of this Invention consists in a journal box, the bearing surface
of which is composed of supporting layers of raw hide, alternating with lubricating.
layers made chiefly from plumbago and collodion, or from any other compound of a
similar nature, whereby the box is rendered self-lubricating.
The third part of this Invention consists in a journal for a shaft or axle which is
provided with circular or spiral grooves filled with a lubricating compound of plum-
bago and collodion, or any other compound of a similar nature, whereby said journal
is rendered-self-lubricating.
The first part of this Invention is illustrated in the accompanying Drawing in
Figures 1 to 6 inclusive, in which Figure 1 represents a transverse section; Fig. 2. is
a plan of a modification of the same; Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6 are transverse sections
respectively in the planes x x, y y, z z, and x¹¹, Fig. 2.
Similar letters indicate corresponding parts.
In these Figures the letter A designates a journal box, which is provided with a
lining of wood. In the example shown in Fig. 1 this lining is composed of pieces
of wood a, b, and c, which are so placed that the grains of the pieces a and c run
at right angles towards the grains of the pieces b, and consequently the bearing:
surface of the box is formed by the end grains of the pieces of wood composing the
lining. The same result is obtained by arranging the pieces of wood which compose
the lining in the manner shown in Figs. 2 to 6 inclusive. In this case the lining is
composed of a series of pieces of wood d, e, f, g, etc., which are so placed that the
grains of the pieces d run in a vertical direction, as shown in Fig. 3; the grains of
the pieces e in a diagonal direction, as shown in Fig. 4; the grains of the pieces f
in a horizontal direction, as shown in Fig. 5; and the grains of the pieces g in a
diagonal direction, at right angles to the direction of the grains of the pieces (see
Fig. 6). The pieces d, e, f, and g, which are used in forming this lining are intended
to be of small thickness, so that a large number of such pieces is required to form

page_text: the entire lining, and by arranging the pieces as above stated it will be seen that
the largest portion of the bearing surface of the box is formed by the end grains of
the pieces of wood which compose the lining. In the lining of this box are formed
suitable, recesses h, preferably of dovetailed form, which are filled with a lubri.
cating compound of plumbago and collodion, or with any other equivalent dry
lubricator, such for instance as beeswax, boiled oil, plumbago, and mercury, so
that when the journal revolves in the box, the end grains of the wood lining will
soon become coated with the lubricating compound, and a journal box is obtained
which requires no oil, and which will not be liable to heat, even if the journal is
revolved with great speed. This journal box can be made with comparatively
little expense, and it is not liable to wear uneven since its bearing surface is composed
of the end grains of the wood, which when coated with a suitable lubricating.
compound will not wear.
The second part of this Invention is illustrated in the accompanying Drawing in
Figs. 7 and 8, in which Fig. 7 represents a longitudinal vertical section; Fig. 8
is a plan or top view.
Similar letters indicate corresponding parts.
In these Figures the letter A designates the shell of the journal box, into which
are placed the supporting layers B, and the lubricating layers C. Said supporting
layers are made of raw hide which may be prepared by soaking it in water, and in
a solution of chloride of zinc, or other equivalent material, and they alternate with
the lubricating layers C, as shown in the Drawing. These lubricating layers are
made of a compound, made preferably of plumbago and collodion, or of any other
suitable compound, such for instance as plumbago, mercury, beeswax, and boiled
linseed oil, to which may also be added paper pulp, said compound being moulded
and pressed into layers of the required form or shape.
If desired the supporting layers B may be provided with holes or cells for the
reception of some lubricating compound, and the layers B, C, may either be arranged
parallel to the journal, as shown, or transverse to the same. By combining the
supporting layers B and the lubricating layers C in the manner described, a journal
box is produced which requires no lubrication, and in which a shaft can be run for
days in succession at a great speed without heating. By the friction of the shaft
a portion of the lubricating layers is carried over the edges of the supporting layers
and pressed into the pores of the raw hide, so that the entire bearing is practically
formed by the lubricating compound, and the heating of the journal is effectually
prevented.
The third part of this Invention is illustrated in the accompanying Drawing
in Figures 9 and 10, in which Fig. 9 represents a side view; Fig. 10 is a longitudinal
section.
Similar letters indicate corresponding parts.
In these Figures the letter A designates a journal for a shaft or axle of any
description. This journal is provided with grooves a extending throughout its
length. In the example shown in the Drawing these grooves form a continuous
spiral, but a series of parallel circular grooves may be substituted for this con-
tinuous spiral. The depth and width of the grooves a depends upon the diameter
of the journal, for instance, in journals of the size shown in the Drawing the depth
and width of said grooves may be ahout one sixteenth of an inch, with spaces of
equal width between them. These grooves are filled with a compound of plumbago
and collodion, or any other dry lubricator which will produce the desired effect, said
lubricating compound being firmly retained in position by the grooves, so that it is
not liable to work loose when the journal is in motion. As soon as the journal
begins to turn in its bearing, the lubricating compound spreads over the entire
surface of the journal, and said journal can be run for a long time at a great speed
without requiring any attention. This journal is of great advantage for the axles
of locomotives and railroad cars, but it is also of value for spindles of turning
lathes, shafts of sewing machines, line shafts in manufactories, and in fact for all

page_text: shafts or axles, the journals of which as now constructed require constant attention
and lubrication.
I claim,―
1. A journal box the bearing surface of which is formed by the end grains of
the pieces of wood which form its lining, and which is provided with recesses (one or
more) for the reception of a dry lubricating compound, substantially as and for the
purpose herein specified.
!
2. A journal box, the bearing surface of which is composed of supporting layers
of raw hide alternating with lubricating layers made of a dry lubricator, substantially
as and for the purpose set forth.
:
3. A journal for a shaft or axle, said journal being provided with circular or
spiral grooves filled with a dry lubricator, substantially as and for the purpose
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Herbert John Haddan, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.