matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF DRESSING MILLSTONES USED FOR CLEANING OR HULLING RICE AND OTHER GRAINS HAVING A HULL OR HUSE
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Creed at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents with his Petition, on the 7th September
1859.
I, EDMUND CREED, of Folkestone, in the County of Kent, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF
DRESSING MILLSTONES USED FOR CLEANING OR HULLING RICE AND OTHER GRAINS
HAVING A HULL OR HUSE," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention consists in the peculiar mode in which I
prepare or dress the millstones which I use for hulling and cleaning rice and
other grain having hulls or husks.
The great objection to the present mode of dressing millstones for that
purpose has been that the grain is not distributed evenly from the eye of the
stone when it comes on to the periphery, when it is delivered as near the
eye, owing to the centripetal force it is retained too long and chokes up
the action of the stone, while as it approaches the periphery of the stone, it
is carried off (owing to the centrifugal motion) too fast to enable the stones
to act properly upon it.
I propose to obviate these by the following method:-I make use of a
pair of stones, and prepare their working or grinding surfaces with grooves
made curved in form, being segments of circles having their centers outside
the eye of the running stone. These grooves I intersect by radial grooves
passing from the centre of the stone to the periphery, the action of which
latter are to arrest the grains which are being carried from the centre to the

page_text: periphery, and cause them to fall upon their longest diameter, so that the
husk or hull is more readily and easily knocked off. The stones are adjusted
by a tripod and set screws which act at the ends of the arms.
I propose also to apply an exhaust blower, in order to drive off the husks or
hulls or dust from the grain, which may be received in a chamber in a bend
or elbow in the said exhaust pipe.
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND FORCING FLUIDS, WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hingston Lindon at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th November
1859.
I, HINGSTON LINDON, of Plymouth, in the County of Devon, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
RAISING AND FORCING FLUIDS, WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR OTHER USEFUL
PURPOSES," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
My Invention consists in obtaining by the direct force of water conveyed
from high levels through pipes a moving power suitable for raising and forcing
fluids, or otherwise as above by the employment of a cylinder and piston
actuated by the admission and ejection of the water so obtained, a supply and
escape valve or cock being used and worked by the fall of two weights which
are alternately lifted by the up and down stroke of the piston, so that the
supply of water may be cut off and an exit opened for that in the cylinder or
vice versa by raising and detaching the said weights at the end of each stroke.
Any machinery of an alternating character such as mine pumping or otherwise
may be worked by the action of my machinery or apparatus, which I
to call "Lindon's inverted force pump."
propose
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKES FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Jochem at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st November
1859.
I, PIERRE JOCHEM, of Paris, France, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKES FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER
CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
These improvements relate to brakes for railway or other carriages. For
carriages intended to travel on ordinary roads the brakes are constructed in
such manner that either by means of a spring or springs, by pulling on strings,
by a winch handle and gearing, or other similar means under control of the
driver, a bolt may be pushed into a kind of hook fixed against the inner surface
of the nave of one or more of the carriage wheels, thereby preventing them
from turning, and thus retarding or stopping altogether the motion of the car-
riage. The vehicles intended to run on railroads, an apparatus is made use
of, by means of which one or more blocks may be pressed against the periphery
of one or more of the wheels of the carriage, which apparatus consists of
proper lever arms, by which the said blocks are kept at a distance or may be
pressed against the wheel or wheels, the said lever arms being connected to a
chain, in one of the links of which a tooth or projection fitted on the axle of
the wheels may be caused to enter and thereby press the blocks against the
wheels, in such manner that by the rotating power of the axle the wheel will
be prevented from turning, whereby the motion of the carriage will be retarded

page_text: or altogether stopped. The brake apparatuses of the carriages of a train may
be connected in such manner that the end being under the command of the
guard or engine driver, these latter may cause the apparatuses to act when
required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REVERBERATORY AND OTHER FURNACES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Kenyon Blackwell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
October 1859. A communication from abroad by W. H. Kirkpatrick, of
11, Rue Martel, Paris.
I, JOHN KENYON BLACKWELL, of No. 73, Gloucester Terrace, Hyde Park, in
the County of Middlesex, Ironmaster, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REVERBERATORY AND OTHER FURNACES,"
to be as follows:-
The said Invention consists in effecting the more perfect combustion of the
gases generated from the fuel employed, whether in open grates or closed
chambers, by the introduction into the heating or smelting chamber of a blast
or jet of heated air, travelling at equal, or, preferably, greater velocity than the
gases to be consumed, whereby a more perfect combustion of the products of
the fuel employed is effected, thereby permitting the use of inferior fuel. Also
the heating of the air used in the perfecting this combustion in reverberatory
and other heating furnaces by the use of the waste heat of those furnaces. The
said heating of the air is effected by passing it through tubes or chambers
heated by the waste heat of the furnaces.
IMPROVEMENTS IN; TUMBLER OR LEVER LOCKS, AND IN KEYS FOR SUCH AND OTHER Locks
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Hamilton and William
Henry Nash at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 16th March 1859.
We, GEORGE HAMILTON, of St. Martin's-le-Grand, and WILLIAM HENRY
NASH, of Poplar, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN; TUMBLER OR LEVER LOCKS, AND IN KEYS FOR SUCH AND OTHER
Locks," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object, firstly, improvements in tumbler or lever
locks. For this purpose, in order to avoid the use of springs for disarranging
the tumblers or levers after the bolt of the luck has been shot, a projection is
formed on the plate attached to the bolt, and this projection, after the bolt has
been moved forward sufficiently to free the tumblers or levers, is by the further
movement of the bolt caused to strike against one tooth of a cogged wheel
with three teeth, or a triangular or other suitably shaped piece, which turns
on centres at its two ends; this piece is thus made partially to revolve, and
in revolving one of its edges or angles strikes against projections on the
tumblers or levers and disarranges them, and when the bolt is drawn back,
another projection on the plate attached to the bolt moves the rotating
piece into a suitable position for its being again acted on (when the bolt is
again shot forward) by the first-mentioned projection on the plate attached
to the bolt.
Another improvement in tumbler or lever locks consists in so constructing
them that the key, when turned, shall first act on the levers or tumblers so as

page_text: to arrange them suitably for the bolt to be shot, and that after the bolt has
been shot the key shall again act on the levers or tumblers so as to disarrange
them before the key can be withdrawn from the lock. For this purpose wo
prefer to construct a lock so that the key, when introduced, passes through a
slot in each of the levers or tumblers, so formed that the key in turning shall first
act on the upper side of the slots to arrange the tumblers or levers in position
for the bolt to be shot, and then, when the bolt has been shot, that it shall,
before it can be withdrawn from the lock, act on the under side of the slot in
one of the levers or tumblers so as to move it down, and on this lover or tumbler
there is a projection which as the lever or tumbler is moved down acts on the
under sides of the slots in the rest of the levers or tumblers so as to disarrange
them. The levers or tumblers may be prevented from falling by their own
weight by means of distance or friction plates placed between them, or they
may be otherwise prevented from moving of themselves.
Secondly, our Invention for improvements in keys for tumbler and other
locks consists in constructing the whole length of the stem of the key hollow
and open at the end, connected with the bow, so that it may readily be cleaned
if any dirt gets into the hollow stem of the key.
AN IMPROVED CARDING MACHINE
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Fréderic Vasserot at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
February 1859.-A communication from Victor Madeline Morin, residing
at Athis, Orne, in the Empire of France.
I, CHARLES FREDERIC VASSEROT, of 45, Essex Street, Strand, London,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED CARDING MACHINE," a communication from Victor Madeline Morin,
residing at Athis, Orne, in the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
With the ordinary constructed cards, when it is desired to obtain a fine
carding, it is often necessary to work twice the substance on the same
cylinders, and, whatever care might be taken, the sheet of cotton will always
come with small knots which have escaped the beater, producing the inequa-
lity of the thread. To prevent this it is proposed to augment the carding
surface by adding a third cylinder between the two now employed. This
cylinder having a less surface than the large card has a greater speed. The
cotton after leaving the beater passes upon a first cylinder having a large
diameter, which cards under a flat or top card, then upon a second cylinder
which cards from the first, and after that upon a third, which gives the sheet
of cotton.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF DAMPING LINEN AND OTHER TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Martin, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th. October
1859.
I, WILLIAM MARTIN, junior, of Dundee, Calenderer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF DAMPING LINEN AND
OTHER TEXTILE FABRICS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in applying the vapour of water (either with or
without a volatile chemical antiseptic therein) to the web in the process of
calendering, rubbing, beaming, or otherwise, so as to save a separate operation:
for damping, and without scalding the fabric.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF HEALDS OR HARNESS USED IN WARP DRESSING AND SIZEING MACHINES, AND IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Haslam at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th May
1859.
I, JOHN HASLAM, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF HEALDS
OR HARNESS USED IN WARP DRESSING AND SIZEING MACHINES, AND IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the construction of metal healds for dressing
machines and looms, and has for its objects convenience of separation for
access to the several warp threads when required, and also increased facility
for taking out and replacing any number of the healds, and changing "the
count" without disturbing the remaining healds, or the frame. The healds
are made of thin narrow strips of metal or flattened wire, having an eye or
hole through about the centre, and furnished at or near the top with an
L-shaped slot, cut out so as to form a hook, by means of which they are
attached to and detached from the heald frame without disturbing the re-
mainder of the healds, or taking the frame to pieces, and also the necessity for
intermediate stays is dispensed with. The heald frame is composed of an
upper and lower stave, united by vertical end pieces, or the frame may be
made in one piece. The upper stave is furnished on each side with a pro-
ecting slide or rail, on which the healds are hung by means of the aforesaid
hook, and are secured by an upper rail or cap. The lower stave is composed
of three parallel plates bolted or rivetted together (or the stave may be formed

page_text: in one piece), so as to leave a space or groove back and front, in which the lower
ends of the healds are held loosely; and in this groove at about every four inches
apart are stops, which keep the healds in place, and prevent them from being
pushed more than a certain distance apart, one heald longer than the others
being placed intermediate between each two stops for that purpose. There
are also stops placed in the upper stave, which are intended to have a similar
effect.
I would here remark that, although I have named an L-shaped slot as the
most convenient form for making the hook for hanging the healds, so as to be
capable of sliding on the top rail, it will be evident that other forms may be
employed, so as to dispense with intermediate stays, and give the facility of
sliding and withdrawing, and replacing the healds from the front without
drawing them off endwise, as hitherto practised; and also that although staves
with double slides are here described, staves with single slides may be made
on the same principle.
AN IMPROVED TRAP FOR RABBITS, RATS, MICE, AND OTHER LIKE ANIMALS AND VERMIN
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Theodore Byron Hubbell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
January 1859. A communication from C. B. Hubbell, residing at
Bridgeport, U. S.
I, THEODORE BYRON HUBBELL, of Castle Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED TRAP FOR RABBITS, RATS, MICE, AND OTHER LIKE ANIMALS AND VERMIN,"
(communicated to me by C. B. Hubbell, residing at Bridgeport, U. S.,) to be
as follows:-
This improved trap, which is particularly adapted to be placed over a rabbit
hole, rat hole, or other hole, is composed of a ring or frame, having connected
with it a barb or spear or barbs or spears attached to a cross piece, and acted
upon by a spiral or other spring, in such manner that when the trap is set the
barbs or spears are withdrawn from the interior of the ring or frame, but when
the trap is let off, the barbs or spears fly across the same and penetrate and
hold the animal. The trap is set by means of a jointed rod or lever which
keeps it set while the parts of the rod or lever are kept in a line, but lets it off*
under the action of the spring as soon as the parts are put out of line by the
animal touching one of them.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF ENGRAVING APPLICABLE TO THE PRODUCTION OF PRINTING SURFACES, AND THE ORNAMENTATION OF METALLIC AND OTHER SURFACES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Wallis at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th February:
1859.
I, GEORGE WALLIS, of Stretton, near Penkridge, in the County of Stafford,
Artist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR
IMPROVED METHOD OF ENGRAVING APPLICABLE TO THE PRODUCTION OF PRINTING
SURFACES, AND THE ORNAMENTATION OF METALLIC AND OTHER SURFACES;" to be as
follows:-
My said Invention consists of the method hereinafter described of
impressing ornaments, designs, or inscriptions upon metal plates, which said
metal plates, when so impressed may be used for printing from after the
manner of copper plates or wood blocks, or used for impressing or embossing
the surfaces of other metallic and other articles for the purpose of ornamenting
the same, or the impression first made may be for the purpose of ornamenting
the surface impressed.
In carrying my Invention into effect, I proceed as follows:-I prepare a
drawing of the design to be produced, the said drawing being made upon
paper or other surface, or instead of a drawing a print or impression from a
copper or steel plate or lithographic stone may be employed.
The said drawing or print is made or taken with ink or composition con-
taining gum arabic or other adhesive material. I sprinkle or apply to the
drawing or print emery powder or sand, or other hard powder, which attaches
itself to the adhesive ink, or material, and causes all the lines of the design to

page_text: stand out in relief upon the surface of the paper or other substance; I place
the relief drawing between two metal plates, that placed upon the face of the
drawing being the plate to be impressed, the one placed at the back of the
drawing being by preference of steel or other hard metal. I pass the two
plates with the enclosed relief drawing between a pair of rolls, whereby the
parts in relief indent or impress the plate placed on the face of the drawing or
design; or if both plates be of soft metal, both the said plates will be
impressed with the design or drawing on the paper. From the plate thus
impressed impressions or prints can be printed in the ordinary manner, or the
indented plate may be used for embossing or impressing other plates or
surfaces.
In applying my Invention to surfaces of a cylindrical form, such as the
surfaces of rollers used for printing fabrics, the roller to be impressed may be
passed over the relief drawing, or the relief drawing may be passed between
the roller to be impressed and a hard roll, whereby the design will be
impressed upon the roller.
Although I prefer the pressure of rolls in carrying my Invention into effect,
yet I do not limit myself thereto, as other pressure may be employed with the
same effect.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FABRICS ADAPTED TO BE USED FOR CURTAINS, COVERINGS OF FURNITURE, TABLE COVERS, AND SUCH LIKE USES
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Bancroft, of Halifax, in the County of York,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FABRICS
ADAPTED TO BE USED FOR CURTAINS, COVERINGS OF FURNITURE, TABLE COVERS,
AND SUCH LIKE USES."
Sealed the 25th January 1860, and dated the 19th November 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Bancroft at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
November 1859.
I, JOHN BANCROFT, of Halifax, in the County of York, do hereby declare-
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OP
FABRICS ADAPTED TO BE USED FOR CURTAINS, COVERINGS OF FURNITURE, TABLE
COVERS, AND SUCH LIKE USES," to be as follows:-
The object of the improvements is to produce a novel character of fabric
adapted to be used for curtains, coverings of furniture, table covers, and other
purposes, by the combination of peculiar descriptions of weavings. I form
parts of the surface of the fabric of ribs of the character of that known as
rep," and which may be either in continuous lines or broken, of equal or of
unequal thicknesses at right or other angles to the warp threads; other parts
of the surface I form of ribs, either in continuous lines or broken, of equal or

page_text: of unequal thicknesses at right or other angles to the ribs first mentioned. In
these two parts of the fabric both sides are alike, that is, where one side of
the cloth is formed by the warp, the other side is formed by the warp also,
and where one side is formed by the weft the other side is formed by the weft
also, and of the same character; other parts of the surface are formed with a
satin face or other character of face from the warp or the weft threads. These
effects are obtained from jacquard or other figuring apparatus, operating the
warp threads in such manner that, where the different ribs or reps are to be
produced, the warp or weft, as the case may be, will be divided, so as to have
them appearing in like manner on the opposite surfaces, whilst the other
are for the time enclosed as binding or filling threads, and at those parts
where other weavings are to be introduced, the tying up is adapted to the
character of effect desired.
yarns.
IMPROVEMENTS IN KNAPSACKS AND MESS TINS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Moore at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the 22nd June
1859.
I, THOMAS MOORE, of Lupus Street, Pimlico, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
KNAPSACKS AND MESS TINS," to be as follows:-
This Invention is designed for rendering knapsacks lighter, the contents
thereof more easy of access, and the knapsack more easy of adjustment to the
body and convenient to carry than knapsacks as heretofore constructed. By
this Invention the following ordinary parts and pieces are dispensed with,
namely, 4 boards or knapsack frame, 1 mess tin cover and strap, 1 "hold all,"
and 2 coat straps. This improved knapsack is intended to be larger and
narrower than usual, and the sides and ends are of leather. The slings for
the knapsack are attached to it instead of being separate therefrom, and the
mode of slinging it is different, the weight of the knapsack being borne by a
strap round the waist as well as shoulder straps, or by either. The soldier or
traveller can attach and detach it himself with much ease. The weight thereof
is 1 pound 5 ounces lighter than the ordinary knapsacks, taking into con-
sideration the articles dispensed with by this Invention. The improved mess
tin is formed circular, the lid thereof forms a frying, and the handle serves
as a salt and pepper box. It is proposed by this Invention to carry the said
mess tin in a compartment at top of the knapsack, and over this the brushes

page_text: and such like articles as are required for general use. A flap covers in the
whole of these articles, and serves also as a "hold-all," by these means the
soldier or tourist can easily get at such articles as he most frequently requires
without opening the body of the knapsack as heretofore practised.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DESTROYING FLIES AND OTHER INSECTS ON GROWING CROPS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Healey at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st July 1859.
J, HENRY HEALEY, of Ashby, Decoy Cottage, near Brigg, in the County of
Lincoln, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR DESTROYING FLIES AND OTHER INSECTS ON GROWING CROPS," to
be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for destroying
flies and other insects on growing crops. For this purpose a board is sus-
pended horizontally at a short distance above the ground from a bar, which is
supported at its two ends on wheels; this bar is furnished with shafts, and the
horse is harnessed into these shafts with its head towards the bar, so that it
pushes the machine in front of it, the under side of the board is coated with a
composition of, by preference, a mixture of gas tar and sulphur, though other
sticky substances may be employed. Attached to the back of the board there
is a rod, and to this rod brushes, for brushing the flies or insects off the plants,
are attached in such a manner that the brushes may be capable of turning on
this rod as a centre to enable them to pass freely over uneven ground and also
of sliding along the rod so that they may be set to a distance apart corre-
sponding to that between the rows of plants, and the brushes are retained at
any required distance from each other by hooks on the brushes hooking into
a chain running along the back of the board. As the board is moved over the
ground, the brushes disturb the flies and other insects on the crops and cause
them to fly against the board coated with composition and by this they are
caught. The board is supported in such a manner that its distance from the

page_text: land may be adjusted as may be required by means of rack and pinion or
otherwise, and also so that it may by turning on centres be placed in a vertical
position convenient for the removal of the flies or insects, and re-coating the
board with composition.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING MACHINES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Wardell and Henry Kearsley.
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 7th April 1859.
We, ROBERT WARDELL, of Stanwick, in the County of York, and HENRY
KEARSLEY, of Ripon, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING MACHINES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements on a former Patent numbered
904, granted unto me, the said Robert Wardell, and bearing date the 1st
April, 1857, for "Certain Improvements in Reaping Machines."
The improvements which constitute this present Invention are as follows:-
First, instead of employing a fixed travelling wheel at that side of a reaping
machine which is next to the standing corn, as commonly practised, we
propose to employ an universal wheel for the purpose of enabling the machine.
to turn sharply or on less ground without scraping up the earth.
Secondly, instead of working the knife bar of the machine direct from a
crank, we propose to connect said knife bar to a vibrating or swinging bar,
to which motion is imparted by a crank; by these means we obtain a straight
push of the knife bar.
Thirdly, instead of making the recl in the manner commonly practised for
throwing the corn or other grain after it is cut heads foremost on the
travelling platform of the machine, we propose to make the arms of said reel
about four times their usual width, and to place them edgewise on the reel

page_text: instead of flat as heretofore, and to fix the boards used for throwing the corn
on to the platform on the back side of such said arms, and to form such said
boards curved instead of straight, that the ends of the reel may strike the
corn, &c., before the middle part.
Fourthly and lastly, instead of making the sheaf delivery platform in the
manner described and represented in the aforesaid former Patent of the 1st
April, 1857, we propose to make it as follows:-We place the delivery prongs
and sheaf collector direct behind the delivery rollers marked D, D, in the
Specification of said former Patent of 1857, so as to catch the corn as it falls
therefrom. After a quantity sufficient for a sheaf has thus been collected, the
prongs are caused to move through a half circle of space by the weight of the
sheaf thereon. The axle to which the prongs are affixed has a crank at one
end thereof, and a rod which connects the sheaf collector and the prongs
together, so that as said prongs move in an arc of a circle, the sheaf collector
is pushed backwards, and allows the sheaf to fall on to the ground.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HARDENING INDIA-RUBBER FOR THE BASES OF TEETH
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bennett Mitchell Belling at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
March 1859.
1, BENNETT MITCHELL BELLING, of 55, Queen's Road, Bayswater, Dentist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR HARDENING INDIA-RUBBER FOR THE BASES OF TEETH," to be as follows:-
My improved apparatus for hardening india-rubber as artificial gums or
bases for teeth, consists of a chamber of rectangular or other form, furnished
with perforated shelves. This chamber I prefer to form of wrought iron, and
is placed on feet to raise it a little from its pedestal or base on which it rests,
in order to admit air. It is enclosed at the upper part, but furnished with on
escape pipe and stop-cock, for the purpose of regulating the escape of heated
air and products evolved in or admitted to the chamber. I arrange a series of
gas jets at the lower part, or immediately underneath this chamber, which,
when ignited, heat the interior of the chamber or apparatus to a high degree.
Instead of gas, spirits or other inflamable or combustible matter may be
employed to heat the chamber, by burning therein, or by the products being
conducted thereinto. Having prepared the bases or artificial gums of india-
rubber in a soft state, I enclose them in plaster moulds within metal boxes,
and then place them on the shelves of the heat chamber, regulating the
heat thereof by the amount of combustion of the gas and the escape allowed
by the escape pipe above, thus permiting a certain circulation of the heated

page_text: air and products of combustion. The apparatus is furnished with a ther-
mometer to indicate the heat of the interior of the chamber. The bases having
been subjected for a sufficient length of time in the chamber and to the proper
degrees of heat, the hardening required will be effected.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN FURNACES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Yates at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th January
1859.
I, WILLIAM YATES, of Mary Street, Bromley, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FURNACES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in forming the fire doors of furnaces in two parts,
moving upon an axis or upon axes in such manner that one part may be open
more or less to regulate the admission of fuel, which is thrown in above it,
and the other part to be closed ordinarily, but to be capable of being opened
to afford entrance to the interior of the furnace. In this latter part a slide
door is placed to admit tools for stoking the fire, &c.
Some of the fire bars are made movable together, and are worked by hand
or by machinery in such manner as to force the fuel gradually down the bars,
and to keep it stirred.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF PREPARING, ARRANGING, AND COMBINING THE LEAVES OF BOOKS TO BE USED FOR PRODUCING SIMULTANEOUSLY ONE OR MORE FAC-SIMILE COPIES OF LETTERS, ACCOUNTS, OR OTHER SUCH SIMILAR DOCUMENTS OR WRITINGS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Brine at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st September
1859.
I, JAMES BRINE, of Maidstone, in the County of Kent, Stationer and
Printer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MODE OF PREPARING, ARRANGING, AND COMBINING THE LEAVES OF BOOKS
TO BE USED FOR PRODUCING SIMULTANEOUSLY ONE OR MORE FAC-SIMILE COPIES OF
LETTERS, ACCOUNTS, OR OTHER SUCH SIMILAR DOCUMENTS OR WRITINGS," to be as
follows:-
I obtain or prepare a quantity of paper of that kind which is generally
used for taking the duplicate or fac-simile copy, in the ordinary manifold
letter books, and called the "copying paper;" these I form into leaves of such
sizes as I require. I then prepare an equal number of leaves of the same
size as the latter, but of common writing paper, I now arrange these leaves
so as to follow each other consecutively, thus:-First, a prepared leaf, then a
plain one, again a prepared leaf, then a plain one, and on so; each prepared
leaf and its fellow plain one have the same index number or initial letter; the
whole are then and in this order bound together, and formed into a book.
I further propose to have all the plain sheets perforated on the sides next the
binding so that when they have received the writing, they can be easily torn from
the book; moreover each of the plain sheets (and the prepared copying sheets also,
if it be thought necessary,) may have any heading, or note, or refference, or
address printed upon it to suit the particular use to which the book is applied.

page_text: To use the book when so formed, I take a sheet of the ordinary black or
carbonized paper and place it between the copying leaf, and the plain leave,
and the matter is written in the usual way on the copying leaf, and transmitted
by the black paper to the plain leaf, which may then be torn off and sent away,
the fac-simile copy remaining in the book having the same page, number, letter,
or initial as the one sent.
A MECHANICAL APPARATUS FOR SMOKING AND COLOURING PIPES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Louis Blum at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents with his Petition, on the 27th July
1859.
I, CHARLES LOUIS BLUM, of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, Merchant, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A MECHANICAL APPARATUS
FOR SMOKING AND COLOURING PIPES," to be as follows:--
This apparatus has for object to smoke & color all sorts of pipes,
especially meerschaums, and imitations charged with wax or other fatty
substance, which preparation is absolutely necessary if good coloring is to be
obtained, but which exhales a very disagreeable smell when the pipe has only
been smoked once or twice. The apparatus has thus several advantages to
save the smoker the disagreeable trouble of preparing a new pipe, and further,
to give to the pipe a more regular color, which is effected by means of a
mechanism in which the movement can be adjusted in proportion to the
quality and thickness of the pipe that is to be colored.
The apparatus can also be constructed to color several pipes at the same
time; for this purpose there must be a tube to each pipe, and further, a
regulator or a stop-tap to regulate the amount of exhaustion.
The apparatus is represented in central vertical section in the annexed
Drawing. a, b, case or base containing a clock movement; b is attached to
the base a by the latch c; d, train giving the movement to cam wheel e;
this train is wound up by a key; f, lever for stopping the clock movement;
9, jointed levers on which the cam e acts; these two levers jointed vertically

page_text: work the bellows; h, bellows of leather, india-rubber, or other material, which
exhausts and discharges; i, tube, furnished with an adjusting piece j, of india-
rubber, in which is fixed the stem of the pipe k in an air-tight manner;
1, conduct pipe for the smoke, which passes from the pipe into the upper
reservoir m; n, smoke escape furnished with a valve o; p, plug fixed to one
of the jointed levers g; it projects on the exterior, and is worked in a groover
made in the box b; q, cam, which stops the plug p in such way as to give
more or less room, & to furnish an exhaustion and discharging of the bellows
more or less free, so that the pipe may be smoked with more or less rapidity,
according to the nature and thickness of the pipe.
AN IMPROVED SHIP'S BERTH, FOR PREVENTION OF SEA SICK- NESS, COMPOSED OF WOOD & METAL
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bailes and James Bailes
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 5th March 1859.
We, WILLIAM BAILES & JAMES BAILES, of 434, Oxford Street, in the
County of Middlesex, Cabinet Makers, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SHIP'S BERTH, FOR PREVENTION OF SEA SICK-
NESS, COMPOSED OF WOOD & METAL," to be as follows:-
That the person sleeping therein shall be always in a horizontal position;
that the cradle or sleeping part mark'd (B) on plan, Plate 1, segmentally-
formed, being suspended on 2 centres or pivots, (i.e.,) one at each end mark'd
(D) in Plate 1 & 2 attached to the cradle, & entering into socket of rim (C) on
plan, Plate 1 admits of a transverce oscillation or horizontal position when the
vessel careens. The rim (C) also has two centres or pivots attached, one of
which (O) enters a socket fix'd in the ship's side or lining, while the other (E)
passes thro' the stanchion mark'd (C, B,) in Plate 2, or is inserted into the
front of the ordinary berth in the same manner as the one in the lining
mark'd (O). This admits of a longitudinal oscillation or horizontal position
when the vessel pitches. To check the too ready oscillation, vulcanized india-
rubber bands are attached, one end to the cradle (B), the other to the rim (C),.
& fix'd thereon by means of screws & plates toothed inside to bite the india-
rubber, & thereby obtain a firm hold, as shewn in Plate 8, mark'd Q. There
are also bands at the ends, fix'd so as to equalize the strain caused by the
oscillation, some upwards, & the others downwards, & attached to the rim (C)
at the one end & to the bulkhead at the other, as shown in Plate 2, marked X.

page_text: The cradle is composed of ribs of iron or wood, with laths of same material
laid longitudinally, as shewn in Plate 2 & 3, & lined with felt blanketing, or
any other material, & a mattrass to fit the bottom.. There is also provided, for
the purpose of rendering ingress & egress easy, a bolt attached to the head
of the cradle, which can be fix'd or withdrawn at pleasure.
Some of the many advantages of this Invention are, 1stly, the prevention
of sea sickness, by the person always being in a steady position.
2dly, being segmentally formed it does not occupy so much space as the
ordinary one, thereby allowing, a greater amount of atmosphere.
3rdly, from its construction admits a free current of air to pass entirely
round it on all sides.
AN IMPROVED WRINGING AND MANGLING MACHINE
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Summerscales, the elder,
and John Summerscales at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 30th June 1859.
We, WILLIAM SUMMERSCALES, the elder, and JOHN SUMMERSCALES, of
Keighley, in the County of York, Machine Makers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED WRINGING AND MANGLING
MACHINE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel arrangement of machinery for wringing
and mangling, whereby these operations may be readily and efficiently per-
formed. The pressing rolls are mounted in standards, the axle of the lower
roller being carried by bushes which are capable of sliding in vertical slots in
the standards. These rollers are geared together by spur wheels having deep
teeth. The bushes of the lower roller rest on the ends of a cross bar which
extends from one side standard to the other, and projects into the slots of the
standards.
For the purpose of putting pressure on these rollers a bow spring, which is
mounted on a central adjustable screw, bears upon the under side of the cross
bar, and pressing it upwards, causes it to keep the lower pressing roller in close
contact with the fabric that may be introduced between the rollers. By turning
the screw in its bearing by means of a hand lever connected thereto, the nip
of the rollers may be regulated as desired. For driving the rollers the axle
of the upper roller is prolonged at one end, and a spur wheel is keyed thereto.
On this axle is also mounted loosely a similar wheel, to which a pinion is

page_text: attached, and above the axle a stud axle projects from the side framing;
mounted loosely on this stud axle is a fly wheel fitted with a winch handle,
and carrying at its boss a pinion which takes into the loose spur wheel on the
axle of the roller, and on the same stud axle is also mounted a spur wheel and
pinion corresponding with those on the roller axle, but gearing respectively
into the fixed wheel and loose pinion on that axle. By this arrangement of
gearing great mechanical power may be imparted by hand to the rollers.
A SELF-ACTING APPARATUS FOR GIVING ALARM OF FIRE, WHICH IS ALSO USEFUL IN CHECKING THE SAME
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Jubilee Parker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th June 1859.
I, GEORGE JUBILEE PARKER, of Church Street, Stoke Newington, in the
County of Middlesex, Carpenter, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A SELF-ACTING APPARATUS FOR GIVING ALARM OF FIRE, WHICH
IS ALSO USEFUL IN CHECKING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates, first, to apparatus or means used for creating alarm
of fire when such occurs in a house or other place. For this purpose I
employ two cylinders or chambers, one placed within the other, the lower
part of the inner one being connected with the outer and larger one by a
tube of india-rubber or other air-tight flexible material, so that considerable
rise and fall may take place in the inner cylinder, and at the same time
maintain an air-tight chamber, the bottom of the inner cylinder being open
into the lower vessel, which is closed; from the top of this rising and falling
chamber a rod projects and passes through a guide or hole in the cover of
the outer cylinder; this rod also forms a detail for an alarm, which is held
in abeyance when the rod is elevated. A tube or tubes leading from the
bottom of the larger cylinder is conducted to the rooms or places to be pro-
tected, and placed in connection with a hollow cornice or other part, ornament,
or projection of the room, made of gutta percha or other material easily
effected by heat. The apparatus so arranged is charged with air at a pressure
which forces up the inner cylinder, and the alarm is wound up and adjusted,

page_text: with the detail before mentioned; thus a pressure of air is established in the
cylinders, and in the cornices or other parts of rooms, &c., required to be
so fitted. On any fire occurring in any of these rooms, the part containing
the compressed air becoming soft, or incapable of retaining the compressed
air, will bulge or burst, and so vitiate the pressure of air in the cylinders or
chambers, the upper one of which will immediately fall, & so detach the
alarm, the bell of which will thus create the alarm required.
In order to render it useful for checking the progress of the fire, I place
the cylinders or chambers in connection with a head of water, the ingress
valve of which is opened by the descent of the cylinder; the water thus
entering escapes by what was formerly the air tube, and thus conducts a jet
of water to the room or place in which the fire exists.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL TEETH, AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE- WITH
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isidor Sigismund at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st April
1859. Partly a communication from Simon Baron Sigesmond, of New
York, U. S. A.
I, ISIDOR SIGISMUND, of Hull, in the County of York, Dentist, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL TEETH, AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE-
WITH," which has been partly communicated to me from Simon Baron
Sigesmond, of New York, United States of America, and partly invented by
myself, to be as follows:-
In this improvement in the manufacture of artificial teeth I use or employ
the tusks of the morse or walrus, which is peculiarly adapted thereto, and
possessing all the properties required in the manufacture of artificial teeth,
gums, and palate, being composed or consisting of a series of layers of
materials ranging from a fine enamel outside to a fibre or material of a spongy
or cellular nature in the middle, between which two extremes there are
several layers of different colors and degrees of hardness, each of which I
apply to its most suitable position in the teeth, gums, or palate. The tusk or
tooth of the walrus is first to be sufficiently softened by acids as to be rendered
plastic; it is then to be pressed in a mould or moulds, and so arranged or
formed therein as to bring the outer covering or enamel of the tusk to the
front, from which the artificial teeth are to be moulded or formed. A certain
intermediate layer, which is tinted of a flesh color, is then so arranged between
the teeth as to form the gums, and the centre or spongy portion of the tusk,

page_text: also tinted flesh color, is made available for the palate, which is so formed as
to be self-adhesive, and requiring no "plates," clamps, or ligatures, &c.
When the teeth, gums, and palate, are thus plastically moulded together, they
are to be subjected to a further treatment to harden or solidify them, which
brings them to a slate requiring only a final cutting or polishing, which is
effected by a series of tools or scrapers, and quickly rotating, cutting, and
polishing discs and points, and by the combination of the various processes a
set or portion of a set of teeth firmly embedded in gum, &c., is produced
extremely light, durable, and natural in appearance. The precise admixture
of the chemicals used in the various processes, and the shapes and description
of the tools or cutters for conducting the various parts of the manufacture,
will be fully described in my Final Specification hereafter to be filed.
AN IMPROVED MEANS OF PROPELLING SEA-GOING VESSELS WITHOUT THE USE OF EITHER PADDLE WHEEL OR SCREW PROPELLER NOW ADOPTED
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Colwell at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th November
1859.
I, CHARLES COLWELL, of Belvidere Place, Southwark, London, Gentleman,
do bereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
MEANS OF PROPELLING SEA-GOING VESSELS WITHOUT THE USE OF EITHER PADDLE
WHEEL OR SCREW PROPELLER NOW ADOPTED," to be as follows:-
A submerged double-actioned oscillating double-floated propeller, which is
capable of direct action without loss of power, with increase of speed, at a less
cost of fuel, and by which, a ship may be steered, or even turned in its own
axis in case of accident to the rudder, with the further advantage of applying
this Invention to either the stern or sides of the vessel.