IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES
Year: 1842

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
INSOLE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Saddlers' Ironmonger,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Eighth day of September, in the sixth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
James Insole, Her especial license, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said James Insole, my executors, administrators, and assigns, and
such others as I, the said James Insole, my executors, administrators, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times during the term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
BRUSHES;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, obliging me,
the said James Insole, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be.
inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent,
as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at
large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
James Insole, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon
(that is to say):-
My improvements in the manufacture of brushes consist, firstly, in covering
or coating wholely or partially with leather or other waterproof substance the
wooden stocks or backs into which the bristle, hairs, or other materials for
brushes are inserted, such covering being for the purpose of protecting the
wood from the injurious effects of damp, and also for preserving the wires or
strings by which the bristles, hairs, &c. are secured in the brush from the
corrosive or rotting effects of the damp.
The second feature of my improvements is in certain novel and peculiar
forms of brushes which I have designed for cleaning horses and carriages, and
whereby the brushes are rendered more convenient and better adapted to the
several parts of the work to which they are applicable. In the ordinary
construction of brushes, particularly such as are used for cleaning horses, and
carriages, the, wooden backs or stocks holding the bristles or hairs are very
liable to absorb water, and on being dried to warp and split, or the wires to
corrode, or the strings to rot, by which the bristles, hairs, et cetera, become
loose and fall out, to, the injury, if not the total destruction of the brush!
In the accompanying Drawing, Figure 1 represents a brush for dressing, or
cleaning horses, the stock or back of which is made in the form of an egg-
shaped oval. This form of brush (when a back strap is affixed-to it for-the
reception of the hand) will be found to be particularly useful in-cleaning and
dressing horses, in consequence of the narrow end of the brush admitting of
its introduction into the hollows or recesses in the surface of the animal...
Figure 2 represents a peculiar form of straight taper water-brush, for cleaning
horses' feet and legs, which being smaller at one end than at the other affords.
the facility of ready access to the hollows-and-recesses of the horse's foot.
These as well as other forms of brushes I protect from the injurious effects of
damp, as stated under the first head of my Invention, by wholly or partially
coating or covering their wooden stooks or backs with leather, or any other.
suitable material which is nearly or perfectly impervious to water..
.
Figure 3 represents a vertical section, taken transversely through the stock,
of the egg-formed brush shewn at Figure 1. a, a, is the wooden stock which
iş first to be covered on the face, side, or belly with leather or other material of.
a waterproof nature, as b, b, b, which is to be attached to the wood by a cement!

page_text: made principally of caoutchouc. The bristles c, c, c, are then to be inserted
through the face leather into the wooden stock, and made fast therein in the
usual way by wires or strings. When the brush has been so far made an
outer coating of leader or other suitable substance d, d, is to be affixed to the
back of the stock by cement, and the edge neatly stiched round...
Figure 4 is a section, taken vertically through the stock, of a brush, in which
the coating of leather or waterproof material is somewhat differently applied.
a, a, is the wooden stock, upon the face of which a piece of leather b, b, or
other suitable material is affixed by cement. The bristles c having been.
inserted through the leather and wood in the ordinary way, a covering of leather
or waterproof material d is cemented to the back of the stock, and it may be
pinned round the edge to keep it securely attached.
Figure 5. represents in a similar section another modification best suited to
the form of water-brush shewn at Figure 2. In this instance the leather or
other suitable waterproof material bis attached to the face of the wooden
stock a, as in the preceding, and after the bristles have been inserted, the back
of the stock is covered with wood e, e, pinned on in the usual way. I some.
times insert the leather or waterproof material 6 between two thicknesses of
wood, as shewn at axd, in the section, Figure 6; but this modification does
not possess all the advantages of the previously described plans.
Figure 7 represents a spoke-brush,, or wheel-brush, for washing carriages;
Figure 8 being a transverse section of the same. The stock or wooden
back, having been suitably shaped, is first.covered on the inner face. or belly.
with leather or other suitable waterproof material, connected to the wood by
cement. Holes are then bored through the leather and wood a, a, and the
bristles inserted in the usual way, as shewn in the section. A cap piece of
wood e, of a triangular sectional form, is then cemented to the back of the
stock, and the edges of the leather or other material b, b, closed up over the
whole of the back and cemented, or pinned or neatly stitched along the ridge,
as shewn.
Figures 9 and 10 represent in different views another spoke or wheel brush
of a peculiar and novel form, possessing the advantages of broad and narrow
ends, as already described in reference to Figures 1 and 2. The construction
of this form of spoke or wheel brush, and the mode of protecting its wooden
stock from the effects of damp, may be the same as already described in
reference to Figures 4, 5, and 8.
Having now described my improvements in the manufacture of brushes, both
as to their constructions and forms, I desire it to be understood that the
par-
ticular features of novelty which I claim under the above in part recited Letters

page_text: Patent are, the modes of protecting the wooden stocks or backs and the fasten-
ings of the hairs, bristles, or other materials employed as such, in the construction
of brushes generally, by coating, covering, or lining the parts, as described, with
leather or any other substance which is capable of resisting water, and thereby
preserving the wood and fastenings of the brush from the injurious effects of
damp.
And I further desire it to be understood that I also claim the peculiar and
novel forms of brushes for cleaning horses and carriages shewn in the Drawings
above alluded to at Figures 1, 2, and 10.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Insole, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Third day of March, One thousand eight hundred
and forty-three.
Inrolled the Eighth day of March, in the year above written.