IMPROVE- MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Scott Park, of Stockport, and John Park, of
Manchester, both in the county of Lancaster for an Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Scott Park and John
Park at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th July 1883.
JAMES SCOTT PARK, of Stockport, and JOHN PARK, of Manchester, both in the
county of Lancaster, " IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
"
Our invention relates chiefly to looms for weaving velvets, carpets and other pile
or looped fabrics either plain or figured, but our invention is also partly applicable
to other descriptions of looms.
According to one part of our said invention we construct a loom, for weaving
pile fabrics, as follows, that is to say :-We provide a pile or loop gauge which
also serves as an auxiliary shuttle race, this pile or loop gauge or combined pile or
loop gauge and shuttle race is composed of a series of flat wires, one of which wires
we pass through each space between the dents of the ordinary reed, these wires
are made with a cross-piece at one end, which cross-piece is fixed vertically in a
frame in front of the healds or harness. These wires are made with forked or
open ends and the two prongs of the fork are gripped by clips, two clips being
fixed parallel in front of the reed in such a position as to permit the ordinary
movements of the lathe, the under clip receiving the lower prongs of the forked
wires and the upper clip receiving the upper prongs thereof, a short distance from
the junction of the prongs thus leaving sufficient space for a knife or knives to
traverse from side to side within or between the forked parts of the wires, the said
knife or knives projecting slightly in front of the clips, and nearer to the junction
of the prongs.
To weave velvets or other cut pile fabrics we use two ground warps, one being
woven on the ordinary lathe race and the other being woven on the Auxiliary or
wire race, the pile warp threads passing between the wires of the Auxiliary race
•

page_text: into each of the ground warps and being thus woven into both portions of the
fabric so as to bind the said portions together with the auxiliary shuttle race
between them. We usually provide two shuttle boxes on a level with each race,
one at each side, and both shuttles may if desired be driven by the same picker so
that two picks will be thrown, one over each race, for each beat up of the lathe,
and as the fabric advances on the wires of the Auxiliary race against the said
knife or knives, the pile is cut, both sides or portions of the fabric being alike, and
the depth of the pile being determined by the depth of the wires; the fabric may
be wound upon one or two beams
.
We sometimes arrange the loom so that the fabric travels vertically instead of
horizontally; that is to say, so that the weaving is effected in a vertical plane
instead of in a horizontal plane. In this case! we arrange the shuttle boxes in a
suitable position upon the lathe and the reed forms a race for both shuttles. We
prefer to employ two rollers or beams whereon the two portions of the fabric are
wound after they have been separated, and by placing the said beams a sufficient.
distance apart or by employing additional rollers for separating the two portions of
the fabric after the pile is cut we are enabled to examine with facility the surfaces
of the two portions of the fabric while it is being woven. The other parts of the
Joom are modified to enable it to operate efficiently in the vertical position.
To weave Brussels Carpets and similar looped fabrics where cutting is not
necessary, we prefer to use only one ground warp, which we work on the ordinary
race, but the threads of the loop warp in shedding pass through between the wires
of the Auxiliary race, and are only held upon the wire race by the weft picks
which, after the fabric has advanced a short distance on the wires, are cut at one
side and withdrawn by the operative, or some automatic arrangement may be
employed to effect this object. The size of the loops is determined by the depth of
the wires of the auxiliary race or loop gauge.
To strengthen the reed and to prevent irregular dents, we insert one or more
additional reeds or combs horizontally through the ordinary reed, dent for dent;
which additional reeds or combs are mounted upon slides or guideways at each side
of the loom so inclined as to cause, the said additional reed to rise and fall by the
órdinary movement of the lathe.
Instead of employing an additional reed, we sometimes insert, between the dents
of the ordinary reed, rings of suitable material, through which rings two bars or
rods are passed one on each side of the reed. These bars we sometimes make with
indentations to receive and hold the said rings, and other bars are, in some cases,
inserted between the first bars and the reed to firmly secure the rings and at the
same time leave them free to slide between the dents. This part of our invention
may be applied to any loom in which a reed is employed.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Lotters Patent filed
by the said James Scott Park and John Park in the Patent Office on the
12th. January 1884.
JAMES SCOTT PARK of Stockport and JOHN PARK of Manchester both in the
county of Lancaster "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
Our said invention relates to improvements in looms for weaving velvets,
carpets and other pile fabrics either plain or figured in double cloths.
According to one part of our invention we construct a stationary pile gauge
which is composed of flat wires passed edgeways between the dents of the reed ;'
these wires are made with cross pieces at one end and divided or pronged at the
other end; the ends having the cross pieces are fixed in a frame vertically in.
front of the healds or harness. Two clips or scales are fixed in front of the reed
into which the forked ends of the wires are inserted, the under prongs of the wires
are inserted in holes formed in the lower clip or scale, and the upper prongs of the
wires are inserted in similar holes formed in the upper clip or scale; between these
clips or scales a knife is made to travel, thus cutting or severing the pile threads
as the cloth advances upon the pile gauge in the process of weaving.
To weave double velvets or other double pile fabrics we employ two ground
warps, one adjusted to work-upon the ordinary lathe race, and the other adjusted
to work upon the race formed by the pile gauge, the pile threads passing between.
the wires of the pile gauge are bound into the backs of both cloths, forming the
double cloth. The lathe is constructed with two shuttle boxes on each side, the,
upper shuttle being picked or driven on the race formed by the pile gauge and the.
other one on the ordinary race. The shuttles may either be picked by the same
picker or one from each side simultaneously thus the cloth is woven on the pile
gauge and as it advances on the clips or scales it is cut by the knife travelling in
or between the prongs.
By this method of weaving, the reed is necessarily formed very deep; we may
insert a comb or combs mounted upon inclined slides or guides so as to impart to
the combs a rising and falling motion by the movement of the lathe.
In order to enable our improvements to be fully understood we will proceed
to describe the same by reference to the accompanying drawing in which figure 1,
represents a sectional side elevation of a pile gauge, frames, reed, healds, clips or
scales and knife constructed and arranged according to our invention; figure 2
represents a front elevation of the pile gauge; figure 3, is a sectional side elevation
shewing the pile gauge with pronged ends and having the clips, knife and frames;
figure 4, represents a front view of the clips, scales or holders shewing the position
of the knife; figure 5 represents a side elevation of a wire with a single prong for
forming a pile gauge; figure 6, represents a part section of the scale or holder with
the knife. Similar letters of reference are used in all the figures to represent
similar parts.
Wé construct the stationary pile gauge with flat wires A, having crossheads A',
which wires are passed edge ways between the dents of the reed B; the end of
cach wire is divided into the two parts or prongs C; the crosspiece A¹, of each
wire forming the pile gauge is fixed vertically in the frames D which are fixed in
front of the healds or harness E; the pronged ends C, are inserted in the two
clips or scales F; the said clips or scales are fixed parallel in front of the reed B;
between the clips or scales F, the knife G is, caused to travel thus cutting or
severing the pile threads as the cloth advances upon the pile gauge in the process
of weaving.

page_text: To weave double velvets or other double pile fabrics we employ the two ground
warps H, one adjusted to work upon the ordinary lathe race I, and the other
adjusted to work upon the race formed by the pile gauge A; the pile threads,
passing between the wires A, of the pile gauge are bound into the backs of both
cloths forming the double cloth.
The lathe is constructed with two shuttle boxes on each side, the upper shuttle
being picked or driven on the race formed by the pile gauge A, and the other
shuttle on the ordinary race' I; both shuttles may either be picked by the same
picker or from either side simultaneously; thus the cloth is woven on the pile
gauge A, and as it advances on the clips or scales F, it is cut by the knife G,
travelling in or between the prongs C. Figure 5, shews a pile gauge wire with
only one prong for forming a pile gauge which may be employed in the place of
the double pronged pile gauge in which case if desirable the clips F, may be
dispensed with the pile being cut after leaving the pile gauge.
To strengthen the reed and prevent irregular dents we may insert a comb or
combs which rise and fall with the movement of the lathe.
Having thus described the nature of our said invention and the manner of
performing the same we wish it to be understood that we do not confine ourselves
to the precise details herein set forth as the same may be varied without departing
from the peculiar character of our invention but what we do claim is :-
Firstly. The construction and employment of the hereinbefore described pile
gauge having divided ends or prongs or constructed with one prong only
substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described and represented in the
accompanying drawing.
Secondly. The construction and employment of clips or scales containing a
series of holes in which are inserted the ends of the pile gauges as and for the
purpose hereinbefore described.
In witness whereof I the said John Park for myself and on behalf of the said
James Scott Park have hereto set my hand and seal this eleventh day of January
in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and eighty four
TAUNT DADI