IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF COLORS FROM ANILINE IN DYEING AND PRINTING
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Pinkney, of Bread Street Hill, in the
City of London, Ink Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF COLORS FROM ANILINE IN DYEING AND
PRINTING."
Sealed the 3rd April 1872, and dated the 16th October 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Pinkney at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th October 1871.
I, ROBERT PINKNEY, of Bread Street Hill, in the City of London, Ink
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
“IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF COLORS FROM ANILINE IN Dyeing and
PRINTING," to be as follows:-
Hitherto, in order to produce the colors known as aniline blacks it
has been proposed to employ, in conjunction with salts of aniline and an
oxidizing agent, certain metallic salts, such for example as copper,
antimony, and iron, and more particularly salts of copper and of
nickel.
Now this Invention relates to the production of colors from aniline,
and more particularly of that color known as aniline black, and consists

page_text: in the employment for that purpose of salts of auiline in conjunction
with a salt or compound of vanadium or uranium, or of mixtures of the
same, either alone or in conjunction with a salt of nickel as a substituto
for salts or compounds of copper, and of the other before-mentioned
metals, together with the employment of an oxidizing agent, in order
that by this improved method aniline black may be applied either for
the purposes of dyeing, printing, writing, or marking goods or fabrics
composed of either wool, silk, linen or cotton, or mixtures of one or
more of the same, or for the printing or for the marking or writing on
paper.
When applying my Invention for the purposes of dyeing I ceither
employ a bath consisting of a solution of a salt of aniline, of a solution
of a salt of vanadium or of uranium, or of mixtures of the same either
alone or in conjunction with a salt of nickel, the chloride of nickel for
example, and of a solution of an oxidizing agent, such for example as
chlorate of potash, or chlorate of soda, or chlorate of ammonia, in which
the goods or fabrics are immersed, or I employ a preliminary bath
consisting of a solution of the salts of vanadium, or of uranium, or of
mixtures of the same either alone or in conjunction with a salt of nickel,
the chloride for example, and then immerse the goods or fabrics in a
second bath containing a salt of aniline and a solution of the oxidizing
agent, videlicet, chlorate of potash, or chlorate of soda, or chlorate of
ammonia.
The proportions in which the several ingredients may be employed
will vary according to the goods or fabrics to be dyed, and the desired
degree of color to be produced; but I have found the following
proportions to give good results, videlicet, about 150 parts by weight of
a salt of aniline, such for example as the chloride of aniline, and about
one-eighth part by weight of a salt or compound of vanadium, or about
5 parts by weight of a salt or compound of uranium, but other proportions
may be employed together with an oxidizing agent, such for example as
the chlorate of potash, or the chlorate of soda, or the chlorate of ammonia,
in the proportion of about 100 parts by weight of chlorate of potash, or
about 150 parts of chlorate of soda, or of chlorate of ammonia, or mixtures
of the same may be employed together with about 2,500 parts of water.
The operation of dyeing may be performed at the ordinary tempera-
ture; but an increased temperature may sometimes be advantageously
adopted.

page_text: Instead of employing a bath containing the whole of the ingredients
as before mentioned, the constituents of the bath may be subdivided,
the one bath consisting of the salts of aniline, and the second of the
salts or compounds of vanadium, or of uranium, or of mixtures of the
same either alone or in conjunction with a salt of nickel, the chloride of
nickel, for example, and the oxidizing agents as before described.
When applying my Invention for the purposes of printing or marking
I employ in conjunction with the salt of aniline by preference the
chloride of aniline, either the soluble salts of vanadium, or of uranium, or
mixtures of the same either alone or in conjunction with a salt of nickel,
the chloride of nickel, for example, or I employ an insoluble salt of
vanadium, or of uranium, or mixtures of the same, such for example as
the oxides or mixtures of the soluble and insoluble salts, cither alone or
in conjunction with a salt of nickel, the chloride, for example; and I
also employ in addition thereto or in conjunction therewith an oxidizing
agent, such for example as chlorate of potash, or chlorate of soda, or
chlorate of ammonia, together with a thickening material, such as gum,
starch, or dextrine.
For the purpose of printing I employ the materials in about the
following proportions (but these proportions will vary according to the
nature of the goods to be printed, and the intensity of the color it is
desired to produce), videlicet, one hundred and fifty parts by weight of
a salt of aniline, such for example as the chlorate of aniline, and about
one-eighth part by weight of a salt or compound of vanadium, or about
five parts by weight of a salt or compound of uranium; but other pro-
portions may be employed together with about one hundred parts by
weight of chlorate of potash, or about one hundred and fifty of chlorate
of soda, or of one hundred and fifty parts of chlorate of ammonia together
with about twelve hundred parts of water, which with gum, starch, dex-
trine, or other suitable thickening material, will give good results.
When applying my Invention for the purpose of writing or marking
the printed, written, or marked goods or fabrics are to be submitted to
an ageing or oxidizing process, and subsequently to the action of an
alkaline or other bath, as is well understood by aniline black printers
and dyers.
When the before-mentioned salts or compounds of vanadium or
uranium are employed in conjunction with salts or compounds of nickeł,
the chloride, for example, then I proceed as before mentioned, and

page_text: employ the same in about the proportions before mentioned, with about
twenty parts by weight of the chloride of nickel or of such other soluble
salt or compound of nickel in equivalent proportion.
The salt of aniline which I prefer to employ for the before-mentioned
purposes is the chloride; but other salts or compounds of aniline may 5
be substituted, and the salts or compounds of uranium and of vanadium
which I prefer to employ are the nitrates, the chlorides, and the oxides
of the same, but other salts or compounds of uranium and of vanadium
may be substituted.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Robert Pinkney in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 13th April 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
PINKNEY, of Bread Street Hill, in the City of London, Ink Manufacturer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, givo
and grant unto me, the said Robert Pinkney, Her special license that
I, the said Robert Pinkney, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Robert Pinkney, my executors, administrators,
or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, tho Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF
COLORS FROM ANILINE IN DYEING AND PRINTING," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Robert Pinkney, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my hand and scal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Pinkney, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say :—
Hitherto in order to produce the colors known as aniline blacks it
has been proposed to employ in conjunction with salts of aniline and
an oxidizing agent certain metallic salts, such for example as copper,
antimony, and iron, and more particularly salts of copper and of
nickel.
Now this Invention relates to the production of colors from aniline,
and more particularly of that color known as aniline black, and consists
in the employment for that purpose of salts of aniline in conjunction with
a salt or compound of vanadium or uranium, or of mixtures of the same
in conjunction with a salt or compound of nickel as a substitute for salts
or compounds of copper and of the other before-mentioned metals, together
with the employment of an oxidizing agent, in order that by this improved
method aniline black may be applied either for the purposes of dyeing,
printing, writing, or marking goods or fabrics composed of either wool,
silk, linen, or cotton, or mixtures of one or more of the same, or for the
printing or for the marking or writing on paper.
When applying my Invention for the purposes of dyeing I either
employ a bath consisting of a solution of a salt of aniline, of a solution of
a salt of vanadium or of uranium, or of mixtures of the same either alone
or in conjunction with a salt or compound of nickel, the chloride of nickel
for example, and of a solution of an oxidizing agent, such for example as
chlorate of potash, or chlorate of soda, or chlorate of ammonia, in which
the goods or fabrics aro immersed; or I employ a preliminary bath
consisting of a solution of the salts of vanadium or of uranium, or of
mixtures of the same either alone or in conjunction with a salt of nickel,
the chloride for example, and then immerse the goods or fabrics in a
second bath containing a salt of aniline and a solution of the oxidizing
agent, videlicet, chlorate of potash, or chlorate of soda, or chlorate of
ammonia.
The proportions in which the several ingredients may be employed
will vary according to the goods or fabrics to be dyed, and the desired
degree of color to be produced; but I have found the following
proportions to give good results, videlicet, about one hundred and fifty

page_text: “inkney 8 improvements in Anitine Colors for Dyeing ana
ia Printing.
parts by weight of a salt of aniline, such for example as the chloride of
aniline, and about one-eighth part by weight of a salt or compound of
vanadium, or about five parts by weight of a salt or compound of
uranium, about twenty parts by weight of chloride of nickel; but other
proportions may be employed together with an oxidizing agent, such for
example as the chlorate of potash, or the chlorate of soda, or the
chlorate of ammonia, in the proportion of about one hundred parts by
woight of chlorate of potash, or about one hundred and fifty parts of
chlorate of soda or of chlorate of ammonia, or mixtures of the samo
may be employed together with about two thousand five hundred parts
of water.
The operation of dyeing may be performed at the ordinary temperature,
but an increased temperature may sometimes be advantageously adopted.
Instead of employing a bath containing the whole of the ingredients
as before mentioned, the constituents of the bath may be subdivided,
the one bath consisting of the salts of aniline, and the second of the
salts or compounds of vanadium or of uranium, or of mixtures of the
same either alone or in conjunction with a salt or compound of nickel,
the chloride of nickel for example, and the oxidizing agents as before
described.
When applying my Invention for the purposes of printing or marking
I employ in conjunction with the salt of aniline, by preference, the
chloride of aniline, either the soluble salts of vanadium or of uranium,
or mixtures of the same in conjunction with a salt or compound of
nickel, the chloride of nickel for example; or I employ an insoluble
salt of vanadium or of uranium, or mixtures of the same, such for
example as the oxides or mixtures of the soluble and insoluble salts in
conjunction with a salt or compound of nickel, the chloride for example,
and I also employ in addition thereto, or in conjunction therewith, an
oxidizing agent, such for example as chlorate of potash, or chlorate of
soda, or chlorate of ammonia, together with a thickening material such
as gum, starch, or dextrine.
For the purpose of printing I employ the materials in about the
following proportions (but these proportions will vary according to the
nature of the goods to be printed and the intensity of the color it is
desired to produce), videlicet, one hundred and fifty parts by weight of a
salt of aniline, such for example as the chlorate of aniline, and about

page_text: -
onc-eighth part by weight of a salt or compound of vanadium, or about
five parts by weight of a salt or compound of uranium, and about
twenty parts by weight of a salt or compound of nickel, the chloride for
example; but other proportions may be employed together with about
one hundred parts by weight of chlorate of potash, or about one hundred
and fifty of chlorate of soda, or one hundred and fifty parts of chlorate
of ammonia, together with about twelve hundred parts of water, which
with gum, starch, dextrine, or other suitable thickening material will
give good results.
When applying my Invention for the purpose of writing or marking,
the printed, written, or marked goods or fabrics are to be submitted to
an ageing or oxidizing process, and subsequently to the action of an
alkaline or other bath, as is well understood by aniline black printers
and dyers.
The salt of aniline which I prefer to employ for the before-mentioned
purposes
is the chloride; but other salts or compounds of aniline may
be substituted, and the salts or compounds of uranium and of vanadium
which I prefer to employ are the nitrates, the chlorides, and the oxides
of the same, but other salts or compounds of uranium and of vanadium
may be substituted.
Although I have given such proportions of the several salts and
compounds which I have found to give good results, I would have it
understood that I do not confine myself to such proportions, as they may
be varied without departing from this Invention. What I claim is the
production of colors from aniline by the employment of salts or
compounds of uranium and of vanadium in conjunction with salts or
compounds of nickel, together with a salt or compound of aniline and
an oxidizing agent in the manner herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, tho said Robert Pinkney, have to this my
Specification set my hand and seal, the Second day of April,
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.