Apparatus for Registering and Filling Jam or Jelly into Jars.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Oct., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 7th June, 1893-Accepted, 22nd July, 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Apparatus for Registering and Filling Jam or Jelly into Jars.
I, WILLIAM LINDSAY, of 10 Hewitt Street Cheetham Manchester, in the
County of Lancashire, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
The object of my invention is to obtain a more simple and efficient means of
measuring and delivering the jam or jelly into jars, the method I employ is, as
follows. I run the jam or jelly from the boiler, into a wooden trough lined in the
inside with copper plate, on the underside of the trough is fitted a number of
receivers, in which I register the required quantity, and is regulated by means of
top and bottom receiving and delivering cocks; the receivers being formed of a
long glass tube, with a graduated scale on the surface of the glass tube, indicating
the capacity of the receivers which enables the operator to see at a glance the
contents. The top and bottom cocks being worked alternately, the jam or jelly is
passed from the trough into the receivers through the top cocks while the bottom
cocks remain closed allowing the jam or jelly to collect until the receivers has
registered the required quantity which can readily be ascertained on looking at the
graduated scale, thereafter the top cocks are closed while the bottom cocks are
opened allowing the contents of the receivers to be delivered into the jars.
The arrangement I employ for opening and closing the top and bottom cocks
alternately is obtained by the following contrivance. The cock spindles protrude
out and small pitch chain wheels are attached upon the protruding spindles a
continuous pitch chain is then passed over the upper side of the peripheries of the
top chain wheels and down along the underside of the peripheries of the bottom
chain wheels, and previous to returning back over the top wheels passes over the
periphery of a chain wheel keyed on a shaft carried by the frame of the machine
which has also a lever attached for operating in one or the other direction, in this
manner the cocks are opened and closed alternately.
The jam or jelly when delivered from the receivers passing into the jars which are
arranged in square recesses conveniently suited to receive the jars with a corre-
sponding number of jars in the breadth as receivers employed, the number lengthwise
as many as the table of the machine will accommodate. The table on which the
board is placed sliding on V slides, after every operation the table being traversed
forward to the next row of jars in succession, either by means of screws or balance
weights (by preference screws to avoid jerking the table) until the jars are all
filled.
In this manner the work can be very cleanly and expeditiously accomplished with
no waste whatever an advantage which cannot be obviated with the present system
of serving the jam or jelly into jars with scoops.
With my new and improved method, one operator capable of turning out a
gross of full jars per minute working in the ordinary way.
Dated the Fourth day of October 1892.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Apparatus for Registering and Filling Jam or Jelly into Jars.
I, WILLIAM LINDSAY of 10 Hewitt Street, Cheetham, Manchester, in the
County of Lancashire, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to he performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement in writing, reference being had to
the accompanying three sheets of drawings and to the letters and figures marked
thereon, that is to say :-
My invention relates to a new and improved mode and means, whereby a more
simple and efficient method is acquired for measuring and delivering the jam or
jelly into jars; besides possessing many other important advantages namely. The
jam being so expediciously served out into the jars, allowing no time for the pulp
and stones to collect and settle in a heap at the bottom of the tank in which the jam
is deposited from the boiler. The flow of the jam from the boiler into the tank
having attached on the underside the measuring, registering and delivering
receivers, provides a speedy and equivalent delivery, to the supply discharged from
the boiler avoiding the apparent evil which must be injurious to the quality of the
jam, by reason of some of the jars being entirely filled with stones and the pulp of
the jam, while others are thin and almost free from stones, a fact no matter how
careful the operators are cannot obivate, else, this accumulated pulp and stones
settling in the bottom of the tank, must be thrown to waste, instead of this
composition of pulp and stones becoming more equalised with the jam or jelly, a
result due entirely to the time that elapses before the operators can serve the jam
or jelly into the jars which ought to have an immediate delivery in order to avoid
this apparent defect of allowing the jam or jelly to settle at the bottom of the tank,
occasioned for lack of a suitable mechanical appliance to serve the jam or jelly
into the jars, at the instant it is discharged from the boiler into the tank. To
remedy this defect, my new and improved mode and means for measuring,
registering and delivering, will obviously supercede.
I accomplish the process of measuring, registering, and delivering speedily in a
very simple and effective manner in order to thoroughly understand the quantity of
jars one machine with eight delivering cocks is capable of filling per minute, say
the pipe connected to the boiler for the purpose of discharging into the tank is
5" diameter and the receiver way-cocks 2" diameter the comparative areas will
therefore be 19-635, to 39-2696, square inches. The combined areas of the receiver
way-cocks having a ratio of about 2 to 1, to the discharge pipe of the boiler to
enable the delivery to equal the supply by making up for the interval lost emitting
the jam or jelly from the tank during the time the top cocks of the receivers are
closed for the purpose of delivering that collected by the receivers into the jars,
which never exceed much over a second. The receiver way-cocks will therefore
continue and be sustained at the same rate of delivery with the supply discharged
from the boiler, thus allowing no time for the pulp and stones to settle, thoroughly
equalising the quality of the jam or jelly throughout the process. The theoretical
approximation of the velocity efflux due to gravity of the fluid, from the boiler
5 discharge pipe into the tank is about 100 gallons per minute, and multiplying
100 gallons by 268.8025, the number of cubic inches in one gallon equals
26880-25 cubic inches the quantity of jam or jelly discharged per minute into the
tank for the purpose of delivery into the jars. The capacity of, say, an 8 lb. jar is
about 183.999, cubic inches and by dividing 26880-25 cubic inches the quantity of
jam or jelly transmitted per minute through the measuring, registering, and
delivering receivers by 183.999 cubic inches the capacity of an 8 lb. jar, gives
therefore the number 146 jars filled per minute.
The feature and novelty of the process is unique and requires no skilled operator

page_text: to work the machine, there being no liability for breakage, upsetting jars, and many
other mishaps, like what happens inadvertently filling the jars in the ordinary
manner. The work being cleanly and expeditiously excuted, the jars are brought
concentric and opposite the mouths of the delivery cocks avoiding the unnecessary
sprinkling of the jam or jelly over the jars as exists by hand, consequently saves the
labour of wiping the jars.
I use throughout the following description the same letters and numerals of
reference to indicate like parts in all the figures where shown in order as far as
possible to avoid needless repetition in describing the different modifications shown,
I designate the vessel in which I accumulate the jam or jelly preparatory to
delivery, a tank, the chambers in which, I measure and register the quantity of jam
or jelly collected previous to delivery in the jars; receivers. The arrows indicate
the directions of motions of moving parts for opening and closing the top and
bottom cocks alternately.
On Sheet Number 1 of the accompanying drawings, Figure 1'is a longitudinal
section, Figure 2, a similar longitudinal section the only difference of the former
from the latter is the cocks are set contrary, to show the course of operation, and
Figure 3 a side elevation of my new and improved form of receiver attached to
the wall of the underside of the tank W shown broken off for the purpose of
illustration. The jam or jelly is discharged from the tank W, through the orifice of
the cock B, into the receiver A, where it is collected as shown by Figure 1, on
account of the orifice of the bottom cock E, being closed until the requisite quantity
deposited from the tank and accumulated in the receiver has registered the measure
required, which can readily be ascertained on glancing at the graduated scale,
indicating the capacity of the receiver shown on Figure 3 enabling the operator to
know exactly when to reverse the action of the top and bottom cocks by moving
the continuous pitch chain J, over the top of the periphery of the chain wheel B,
fixed on the spindle protruding part B³, and down along the underside of the
periphery of the chain wheel E, fixed on the protruding spindle part E³, in the
direction indicated by the arrows a, and a', shown by Figure 3, having the effect of
closing and opening the top and bottom cocks B, and E, alternately, stopping the
discharge of the jam or jelly from the tank W, while the contents of the receiver A,
is delivered through the orifice of the bottom cock E, into the jar H, placed in
position on portion of the board I, broken off, which rests on the table of the
machine and partitioned off in the manner shown by the pieces of timber I', in
Figure 2. Immediately the contents of the receiver become discharged on
reversing the chain J, in the opposite direction indicated by the arrows b, and 6¹,
the same action takes place as formerly described.
The construction of the receiver is as follows, the top cock castings C, and C, are
formed in halves to allow the spherical shaped cock B, to be placed in position and
then fastened together with studs in the ordinary manner, C³, a flange for attaching
the apparatus to the underside of the wall of the tank W, with wood screws, the
spigot piece C, which enters up through the wall and flush with the bottom of the
inside of the tank W, the copper plate D, forming lining in the interior of the tank
to prevent verdigris arising, brazed and made a water tight joint with the mouths of
each of the corresponding receiver cocks, the cock B, has a square recess formed on
its spherical surface into which the square entering piece B₁, formed on the end of
the spindle, made to fit for opening and closing the cock, the body B², swelled up
as shown for a shoulder, fastened and secured in position by the nut B', and a
small pitch chain wheel B', fastened on the protruding part of the spindle B³, with
a small taper pin. The bottom cock castings F, and F', of the same construction as
the top cock castings, the spherical shaped cock E, recessed likewise to receive the
square entering piece E', formed on the top end of the spindle, made. to fit, for
opening and closing the cock, the body E', also swelled up as shown fastened and
secured in position by the nut E, and a small pitch chain wheel E', by a. small taper
pin, the delivery branch F³, screwed on the outside diameter with an ordinary
Whitworth V shaped thread and secured to the cross binder guide plate G, by means

page_text: f
of the nuts F, and F³, the glass tubular piece or receiver A, which facilitates the sight
registration by reason of its transparency with the graduated scale, indicating the
capacity, inserted between the faucets C', and F', formed on the castings C', and F,
to receive the opposite ends of the glass tubular piece, fixed in position, and readily
adjusted in case of emergency, by the nuts F, and F.
The mode of shaping the aforesaid operating cocks spherically serves the purpose
very well, but, I do not confine myself to any particular shape, my object being to
adopt the form most servicable. On Sheet Number 2 of drawings Figure 4, is a
longitudinal section, and Figure 5, a side elevation of another form of receiver
cocks, the same general enuniciation of the working parts is applicable as already
described in connection with Figures 1, 2, and 3, on Sheet Number 1 of drawings.
The top cock B, made a cylindrical shape having the spindle part B³, swelled for
packing as shown, and the pitch chain wheel B, formed all in one casting, screwed in
position by the nut B³, and made water tight with the packing B, and B', the
bottom cock E, made in a similar, cylindrical form, having the spindle part E',
swelled for packing as shown, and the pitch chain wheel E', formed all in one
casting, screwed in position by the nuts Es, and made water tight with the packing E*,
and E, in the usual manner, the receiver A, shown broken off, inserted between
the faucets C, and F, intended to have a capacity to measure and register 16 lbs.,
the largest measure practically in use.
The importance attached to the method employed for setting the mouths of the jars
automatically opposite and concentric with the delivering branches of the receivers,
add considerably to the expeditious manner, I accomplish the work of filling the jars.
Figure 6, is a side elevation, showing a portion of the table of the machine K, the
teeth for traversing the table K', and the recesses K³, for checking the motion of the
table, and setting the jars H, in position, which are placed in the recesses partitioned
off, with the pieces of timber I' on the board I. Figure 7, a plan of portion of the
table K, with the jars H, placed in the recesses I', and portion of the frame of the
machine M, and the boss M³, in section. The boss cored out next to the table to
receive the square collar V2, and prevent the pin V', from turuing in position, bored
an easy working fit for the pin at the other end, and screwed at the point for
securing the handle V, a spiral spring V4, inserted between the shoulder of the
pin V, and shoulder of the bottom of square recess, in the boss M³, for the purpose of
thrusting the point of the pin V³, against the table K, forcing the point into each
of the successive recesses K³, formed on the side of the table K, when each of the
successive rows of jars are filled, the operator by pulling the point of the pin V³, by
the handle V, out of position, as shown on Figure 8, another plan for illustrating the
checking action, and allowing the table to traverse forward, when a similar checking
action takes place, and so on till completion, thus bringing the mouths of each
successive row of jars, opposite and concentric with the delivering branches of the
respective receivers.
To facilitate a more convenient and better mechanical appliance, than I could
possibly obtain, with the use of either screws, or balance weights, hitherto, antici-
pated as feasible agents, for effecting my object. I prefer the adoption of the rack
and pinion, as a more suitable means, for the purpose of traversing the table contain-
ing the jars, upon a plain sliding bed, (a device general in its application for
traversing saddles, along lathe beds;) and actuating same, by means, of a worm, and
worm wheel. Figure 9, is a front end elevation, of the general form of machine,
showing how the receivers A, are attached to the underside of the wall of tank W,
in which the jam or jelly is deposited from the boiler, through the pipe T, and
supported by the shelves M³, and M', formed on the opposite sides of the frame of
machine M, the bearings M¹, formed on the right hand side of the frame
standard, for the purpose of carrying the journals of the shaft R, on which a pitch
chain wheel R', keyed on the body of shaft for operating the pitch chain J, and
the shaft made to project out beyond the journal, on the front end, formed square
to suit the handle R, the bearings M', formed on the left hand side of the frame
standard for the purpose of carrying the journals, of the shaft S, on which a tension

page_text: wheel S', flanged on both sides, keyed on body of shaft for guiding the pitch
chain J. The continuous pitchchain J, passed over the peripheries, of the pitch chain
wheel R, and the tension wheel S₁, in gear, with the small pitch chain wheels B',
and E, fixed on the protruding cock spindles, enabling the operator by a slight
movement of the handle R, to the position R¹, shown dotted, closing the orifices of
the top cocks, to the receivers, simultaneously, with the opening of the orifices of
the bottom cocks, for delivering the jam or jelly into the jars collected in the
receivers during the interval the bottom cocks were closed, while the top remained
open, and on returning the handle R, to its former position, the reverse action takes
place. Thus obtaining an alternate opening and closing of the top and bottom cocks,
of the respective receivers. The cross binder guide plate G, bolted between the
frame standards, serve the purpose of fixing in position the receivers, and is readily
adjusted when necessary. The bed plate L, bolted down to the frame sole plate M,
and the stools N, the table K, traversed along the bed plate by the pinions O
and O2, geared with the teeth K', of the racks formed on the underside of the table K,
cast on both sides and operated by the handle P. The pap M³, fitted with a pin
for checking the motion of the table, herein before described in connection with
Figures 6, 7, and 8.
On Sheet Number 3, Figure 10, is a transverse section, Figure 11, a side elevation
Figure 12, a longitudinal section, and Figure 13, a part sectional plan, of my new
and improved apparatus for delivering the jam or jelly into jars. The bed plate L,
bolted down upon the frame soleplate M, and the stools N, the table K, traversed
along the bed plate by the pinions O¹, and O', geared with the teeth K', of the racks
formed on the underside of the table K, cast on both sides. The pinions keyed on
the shaft O, carried by the bearings M', and M³, formed on the frame standards,
the shaft projecting out on the right hand side, and a worm wheel 0³, keyed on the
protruding part of the shaft, which is geared at a ratio of 3, to 1, with the worm P*,
keyed on the shaft P, and carried by the bracket Q, bolted on the side of web of
frame standard, and the pap Mt, formed on the front end flange of frame standard,
the shaft made to project out beyond the pap at the front end and formed square to
suit the handle P. The operator by this means can on imparting but a slight
degree of energy winding the handle P, secure a very steady and effective motion
on the table containing the jars. Figure 12, illustrates the mode and means,
whereby the jam or jelly is deposited into the tank W, through the pipe T, from
the boiler as indicated by the arrow C, passing into and collecting in the receivers A,
through the orifices of the top cocks B, shown open in this instance, collecting
there, on account of the orifices of the bottom cocks E, being closed to delivery,
until the requisite quantity has accumulated, thereafter the reverse action takes
place with the orifices of the top and bottom cocks B, and E, allowing the contents
to be delivered, filling the next successive row of jars H, to that already shown filled
H', in the drawing, and so on till completion. Figure 10, shows a transverse section,
through the centre of the receivers, illustrating a similar action to that already
described in Figure 12, but showing the action taking place concurrently, in the
respective receivers. Figure 13, a part sectional plan, through the centre of the
bottom cocks E, and the opposite frame standards M, showing the method of
adjusting the journal bushes of the shafts S, and R2, by the set pins U, and U', for
regulating tension on the pitch chain J, for operating the pitch chain wheels on the
protruding spindles of the top and bottom cocks, also showing the table with board
partitioned off, and the jars set in position ready for filling.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare what I
claim is :-
Firstly. The method of opening and closing the top and bottom cocks alternately
with the pitch chain, and chain wheels keyed on or cast with the protruding cock
spindles.
Secondly. The mode and means of collecting, and accumulating the requisite

page_text: quantity of jam or jelly, concurrently, in each of the respective receivers, previous
to delivery into the jars.
Thirdly. The use and transparency of the glass tubular receivers, to sight regis-
tration of the contents, by means of a graduated scale, developed on the surface
of the glass tubular receivers.
Dated this 6th day of June 1893.
WILLIAM LINDSAY.