IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edwyn Anthony, of Hereford, in the County
of Hereford, and William Wilberforce Taylor, of Cambridge, in the
County of Cambridge, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING
County of Cambridge, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING
MACHINES
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edwyn Anthony and
William Wilberforce Taylor at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 27th March 1875.
We, EDWYN ANTHONY, of Hereford, in the County of Hereford, and
WILLIAM WILBERFORCE TAYLOR, of Cambridge, in the County of
Cambridge, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates more particularly to printing machines in which
the impression is received upon an endless web or roll of paper, and has
for its object the printing on both sides of two or more rolls of paper
simultaneously, and with the use of either one set or any required number
of sets of formes.

page_text: In perfecting web feeding machines as heretofore constructed only one
roll of paper has been printed upon at a time; each edge of the paper as
it is carried along from the roll from which it is unwound forms a plane
curve, so that another roll could not readily be introduced without
obstructing the passage of the web from the previous roll.
According to our Invention we arrange turning surfaces in conjunction
with the type and impression cylinders in such a manner that the paper
is turned or twisted in any required direction, its edges forming curves of
double curviture, whereby facility is afforded for obtaining the following
results, viz. :-
First. The opposite side of the paper may be brought again into con-
tact with the same type cylinder.
Second. Either side of the paper may be brought at pleasure into
contact with a type cylinder, having its axis in the same straight line as
the first type cylinder, and revolving in either direction at pleasure.
Third. Either side of the paper at pleasure may be brought into
contact with a type cylinder, the axis of which is parrallel to the first
cylinder, and which revolves in either direction at pleasure, the type or
sterotype on such cylinder being situate at any part of its surface,
(imagining the axis to be indefinitely prolonged in both directions.
Fourth. Either side of the paper may be brought at pleasure into
contact with a type cylinder, which is arranged in any position relatively
to the first cylinder, and which has its axis at any required angle thereto,
such second type cylinder revolving in either direction at pleasure and
having the type or sterotype situate at any part of the surface of the
cylinder, (imagining the axis to be indefinitely prolonged in both.
directions.
Fifth. More generally the axes of the type or sterotype cylinders of
the roll of paper and of the cutting cylinder may be any lines in space.
In order to ensure the operation of printing upon the endless webs being
performed in a satisfactory manner it is essential that the paper should
have an approximately equal tension throughout its breadth, that it
should not be liable to pucker or crumple during its traverse, and that it
should follow an undeviating course.
For the purpose of fulfilling these conditions we conduct the paper
over a surface made in such a way that it is a developable surface, and

page_text: that it possesses two generators such that the geodesics perpendicular to
one of them are also perpendicular to the other, such geodesics being
curves of double curvature.
In carrying out our Invention we employ in order to obtain such
surfaces, cylinders, cones, or helicoids (using those terms in the sense
given to them in mathematical treatises), or parts of the same cither
alone or in combination. In employing cylinders their arrangement is
such that first two consecutive cylinders (produced if necessary) touch
one another internally or externally at some point, but not necessarily
along a line.
2ndly. If a number of straight lines be drawn parallel to the axes of
a series of cylinders arranged as lastly mentioned so as to form a zig-zag
figure, then the sum of all the angles made towards the same parts is
equal to the sum of all the angles made towards the other parts, the first
and last cylinders being case 1, the roll of paper at the first type or
stereotype cylinder; case 2, any type or stereotype cylinder; and the
next case 3, the last type cylinder and a cutting cylinder.
If the paper be folded through various angles in several places with
all its folds parallel to its breadth its course may be made to represent the
course of the paper from the roll to the cutting apparatus in any existing
web machine. By taking the folds at various angles to the breadth
according to our Invention the paper may be caused to follow such a
course that after leaving one cylinder either side of it shall travel over
another cylinder, which is rotating in cither direction, and occupics any
position in space relatively to the first cylinder, the folds of the paper
representing cylindrical surfaces, over which the paper passes, and being
such as to satisfy the condition that the surface of any one always
touches the surface of the next.
As an example of the mode of carrying out our Invention when it is
required to bring the other side of the paper into contact with a type or
stereotype cylinder whose axis is in the same straight line in the first
type or stereotype cylinder, and which revolves in the same direction, we
employ a turning cylinder, whose axis is parallel to the plane of the
paper, and which makes an angle of 45° in the axes of the type or
stereotype cylinders for the purpose of turning the direction of motion
of the paper through 90°. We employ a second cylinder, whose axis is
parallel to the same plane and at right angles to the first turning cylinder
A

page_text: to again turn the direction of motion of the paper through 90°. Thus
the direction of motion of the paper is reversed, and at the same time is
transferred laterally by more than the breadth of the paper.
Our Invention is also applicable to those cases in which the sheet is
cut before being printed on either side, or when printed on one side, the
paper after cutting being caused to traverse the proper surfaces by means
of tapes arranged in the manner herein-before described in reference to
the endless webs.
In lieu of iron impression cylinders covered with one or more blankets
according to the usual way, we propose to make the iron part of the
cylinder slightly less in diameter than the intended rise of the impression
cylinder and cover it with a coating of vulcanised india-rubber or similar
material for the purpose of reducing the wear of the stereotype
plates.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edwyn Anthony and William Wilberforce Taylor
in the Great Scal Patent Office on the 27th September 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, EDWYN
ANTHONY, of Hereford, in the County of Hereford, and WILLIAM
WILBERFORCE TAYLOR, of Trinity College, Cambridge, in the County of
Cambridge, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of March, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five,
in the 38th year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Edwyn Anthony and William Wilber-
force Taylor, Her special license that we, the said Edwyn Anthony
and William Wilberforce Taylor, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as wc, the said Edwyn Anthony and William
Wilberforce Taylor, our executors, administrators, or assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-

page_text: tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MACHINES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Edwyn Anthony and William
Wilberforce Taylor, our executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one
of us, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Edwyn Anthony and William
Wilberforce Taylor, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference
being had to the accompanying Drawings and to the letters and figures
marked thereon, that is to say :—
Our said Invention relates more particularly to the machines which
are usually called "Web Feeding Printing Machines," but it may be also
applied to many other classes of printing machines. One of the chief
objects of the Invention is to print on both sides of two or more rolls of
paper simultaneously, using only one set or any required number of sets
of formes. Our Invention, however, may likewise be used in making
machines which print from only one roll at a time and in constructing
machines which are not web feeders.
In web feeding machines as heretofore constructed each edge of the
paper as it is carried along from the roll from which it is unwound forms
a plane curve.
According to our Invention we arrange turning surfaces in conjunction
with the type and impression cylinders in such a manner that the paper
is turned and twisted in any required direction, its edges forming curves
O of double curvature, whereby facility is afforded for obtaining the
following results, videlicet:-
1. The opposite side of the paper may be brought again into contact
with the same type cylinder.
2. Either side of the paper may be brought at pleasure into contact
6 with a type cylinder having its axis in the same straight line as the first
type cylinder, and revolving in either direction at pleasure.

page_text: 3. Either side of the paper at pleasure may be brought into contact
with a type cylinder the axis of which is parallel to the first cylinder,
and which revolves in either direction at pleasure, the type on such
cylinder being situate at any part of its surface, imagining the axis to be
indefinitely prolonged in both directions.
4. Either side of the paper may be brought at pleasure into contact
with a type cylinder, which is arranged in any position relatively to the
first cylinder, and which has its axis at any required angle thereto, such
second type cylinder revolving in either direction at pleasure, and having
the type situate at any part of the surface of the cylinder, imagining
the axis to be indefinitely prolonged in both directions.
5. More generally the axes of the type cylinders of the roll of paper
and of the cutting cylinder may be any lines in space. In order to
insure the operation of printing being performed in a satisfactory manner
it is essential that the paper should have an approximately equal tension
throughout its breadth, that it should not be liable to pucker or crumple
during its traverse, and that it should follow an undeviating course.
These conditions are fulfilled if the paper is conducted over a surface
made in such a way that it is a developable surface, and that it possesses
two generators, such that the geodesics perpendicular to one of them are
also perpendicular to the other, such geodesics being curves of double
curvature. By employing one or more of such surfaces in combination
or not with one or more rollers we effect any of the results hereiu-before
enumerated. Any developable surfaces made to satisfy the conditions
given above may be used.
The following surfaces are very convenient, as being easy to make
practically :-
1. A cylindrical surface or a part of a cylindrical surface.
2. A conical surface or a part of a conical surface.
3. A surface formed by bending a rectangular plate into any con-
venient shape.
And in order that our said Invention may be fully understood, we
shall now proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that
purpose we shall refer to the several Figures on the annexed Sheet of
Drawings.
The several Figures on Sheets 1, 2, and 3 of the accompanying
Drawings are diagrams illustrating the mode of constructing and

page_text: arranging various modifications of turning apparatus in accordance with
our Invention.
The several Figures on Sheets 4 to 8 inclusive are intended to shew
the general features of some examples of printing machines constructed
according to our Invention.
When cylindrical surfaces are used they must be placed so as to satisfy
the following conditions:-
First. Two consecutive cylinders when produced touch one another
internally or externally at some point, but not necessarily along a
line.
Secondly. If a number of straight lines be drawn parallel to and to
represent the axes of a series of cylinders arranged as lastly mentioned
so as to form a zig-zag figure, then the sum of all the angles made
towards the same parts is equal to the sum of all the angles made towards
the other parts. For example, let A. B, BC, C D, E F, FG, GH, KL,
etc. (Figure 1, Sheet 1), represent straight lines drawn parallel to the
axes of any arrangement of cylinders which satisfies the first condition,
then the sum of the angles A B C, CDE, E F G, G H K, etc., must
equal the sum of the angles B CD, F G H, HKL, etc., all the angles
made towards the same parts being included in the first set, and all the
angles made towards the other parts being included in the second set.
And, Thirdly. The length of each of the cylinders must be sufficient
to satisfy the conditions herein-after given in formulæ No. 4.
When the position A² B₁ of the web on A B is given, and likewise
the angle A A A¹ it makes with AB on entering, then its position
on BC is given approximately by drawing straight lines in the plane.
ABC from the points A² B¹ so that the angles BB'B' and BA*C¹
are each equal to A A² A¹.
If the web were folded through various angles in several places with
all its folds parallel to its breadth its course could be made to represent
the course of the paper from the roll to the cutting apparatus in any
existing web machine. By taking the folds at various angles to the
breadth according to our Invention the paper may be caused to follow
such a course that after leaving one cylinder either side of it shall travel
over another cylinder which is rotating in either direction, and which
occupies any position in space relatively to the first cylinder, the folds of

page_text: the paper representing cylindrical surfaces, over which the paper passes,
and which are such as to satisfy the condition that the surface of any one
always touches the surface of the next.
From the above general considerations, and by the aid of the results
and statements and examples which follow, there will be no difficulty
in constructing a great variety of apparatus.
In some positions of two cylinders relatively to one another it is not
possible to bring the paper from one to the other by the use simply of
one turning cylinder. By employing, however, in addition one or more
intermediate rollers, the desired result may always be attained, provided
that the axes of the cylinders are not parallel.
By the use of an intermediate roller or rollers we can also always
cause the wcb to wrap exactly half way round the turning cylinder
while using a turning cylinder of any convenient diameter.
As an example, let ABCD (Figure 2) represent cylinders of radii
respectively; d, the perpendicular distance between their axes;
r, the radius of the turning cylinder X; 7, the radius of an intermediate
roller A¹ B¹. The cylinders are revolving in the direction indicated by
the arrows, and it is required to bring the same side of the sheet Z
into contact with AB and CD. Draw a plane perpendicular to the
common perpendicular of the axes of the two cylinders, and at a dis-
tance from the axis of the cylinder A B equal to d ( +2, + 1').
If it is desired to bring the other side of the web into contact with the
turning cylinder this distance must be taken equal to d(-2 r₁ + 1'2).
Anywhere in this plane place the intermediate roller A¹ B', provided
that it is opposite the cylinder A B, that it is placed so that the con-
dition herein-after mentioned in reference to diagram, Figure 3, docs
not arise, and that its axis makes the same angle with CD as A B
makes therewith. If the reverse side of the paper is to be brought into
contact with CD the only difference is that the axis of A'B' must be
placed so as to make with CD the angle supplementary to that between
A B and C D.
To find the position of the turning cylinder X to turn the paper from
AB¹ to CD let C¹D¹ Figure 3 (Sheet 1), be the projection of the
axis of the cylinder CD on a plane through the axis of A¹ B¹ parallel
to the axis of CD. (This would be the ground plan if A B and CD
are horizontal.) Draw C¹E, D' F, perpendicular to C'D'; draw A¹E,
BF perpendicular to A'B' intersecting CE and D'F in E and F,

page_text: join EF, draw G₁H' parallel to EF and at a distance from it equal
to 7 and on the side of EF towards O the point of intersection
2
1
of A'B', C'D¹. Then G'H' is the projection of the axis of the turning
cylinder.
The condition herein-before referred to arises that G'H' must not
intersect either A¹ B¹ or C¹ D', and the position of A¹ B¹ is to be chosen
so as to fulfil this condition, it is evident from Figure 3 that its
position may be chosen in an infinite number of ways so as not to
intersect G' HI'. If CD intersects G'H' then the paper must be
taken from the turning cylinder on to another subsidiary roller, and
thence on to CD. This roller must be placed opposite CD, so that its
projection on the same plane does not intersect. GH', and so that the
plane of the paper in travelling from it to CD is perpendicular to
the common perpendicular of the two cylinders. A² B² represents a
suitable position of the roller A'B¹, and A³ B³ the projection of the
axis of the turning cylinder when the reverse side of the paper is to be
brought in contact with the cylinder CD.
The following construction may be used when it is desired and when
it is possible to turn the paper by the use of simply one turning
cylinder: Let it be assumed that it is required to take the paper from
the top of one cylinder (AB) to the top of another cylinder (CD)
and for the sake of simplicity suppose that the cylinders are horizontal
round the axis of A. B describe a cylinder whose radius equals the sum
of the radii of the cylinder A B and of the turning cylinder. Round
the axis of CD describe a cylinder whose radius is equal to the
difference of the radii of CD and the turning cylinder. If it is
desired to bring the other side of the web into contact with the turning
cylinder the converse construction must be made, that is, round the axis
of AB describe a cylinder whose radius equals the difference of the
O radii of the cylinder A B and of the turning cylinder. Round the
axis of CD describe a cylinder whose radius is equal to the sum of the
radii of CD and of the turning cylinder.
The axis of the turning cylinder must be placed so as to touch the
surfaces of these two cylinders. Considering Figure 3 as a plan view
5 of the cylinders A B and CD and the same construction to be made
as before, then the projection on this plan of the axis of the turning
cylinder will lie between G¹H', and a line at a distance from G'H'

page_text: 12
2
equal to (-1)", that is, equals ·5707963 × 7₁, approximately. This
statement is true only so long as ẞ is not greater than , but in every
case likely to arise in practice it is a near approximation.
The position of the axis being thus given within narrow limits its
actual position may be found by adjustment. For example, if the
turning cylinder is not more than four inches diameter this adjustment
will always be less that one inch and three-sixteenths.
In the diagram, Figure 4 (Sheet 1), PQ is the line at which the
Sheet Z comes in contact with the cylinder, and P¹ Q' is the line in
which it leaves it, a representing one side of the Sheet, and b the other.
If a the acute angle, the edge of the paper makes with the axis on
entering and leaving the cylinder, the supplement of the angle
B =
(expressed in circular measure, that is, equals 0174533 × A approxi-
mately where A is the number of degrees contained in the said
supplement) between the plane of the paper before entering the turning i
cylinder and the plane of the paper after leaving it, in other words the
angle through which the paper is turned by the turning cylinder.
= radius of the cylinder.

page_text: By imagining the radii of the cylinders to be indefinitely small they
become straight edges. By making the necessary modifications straight
edges may be substituted for cylinders in all the apparatus of which we
give examples (except where otherwise stated). We do not recommend
their use as the paper is then more liable to tear.
In using plates originally flat but bent so as to take the paper from
one cylinder to another the only conditions are that the plate should not
be crumpled in the process of bending, and that if the folds are not all
in the same direction the paper must be passed between two such plates,
or the plate must be severed along the lines of contrary flexure and
placed so that the paper may not leave it. By the aid also of the
principles and rules we have laid down, and with the assistance of the
examples of apparatus which we give, an almost unlimited number of
modifications of apparatus may be devised, all substantially the same in
principle as those in the examples given; for example, cones and cylinders
may be used in combination, or cones, and plates, and the like. In
all cases however we prefer cylinders, as before stated.

page_text: the foregoing methods may be used, and all or any of the different classes
may be combined in one machine.
The Invention is also applicable to color printing machines, the sets
of formes which have to receive inks of different colors being substituted
for the formes for both sides, care being taken to select a suitable
turning apparatus so as to bring the same side again in contact with the
type.
In the examples which we have given of particular forms of machines
made in accordance with our Invention the details of the inking,
cutting, folding, or delivery appliances and the like are for the most
part omitted for the sake of simplicity and clearness, as we have not
endeavoured to shew the whole of the parts of the machine not connected
with our Invention, nor the most convenient nor even convenient
arrangements of such parts, because they may all be constructed in any
usual and suitable manner.
Figure 5, Sheet 2, represents an apparatus for transferring the web
laterally by more than its breadth, and at the same time reversing the
paper. The sheet Z is represented as leaving the roller A B, and passing
bencath and over the cylinder EF, then over and beneath the cylinder
FG, and over the roller CD, a, b, representing reverse sides of the sheet
as before. The cylinders E F, GF, are fastened together at right angles.
to one another. The under surfaces of AB and EF are flush with
one another, and the upper surfaces of EF and FG are also flush,
and the under surface of FG is flush with the upper surface of CD.
The space BC depends upon the diameters of the cylinders EF, FG,
and upon the margin allowed at F.
It is convenient but not necessary to fix the apparatus so that the
angles between FE, A B, and FG, DC, are each equal to 15°, the point
F so that the perpendicular from it falls midway between the points
B and C, and the cylinders EF, FG, equal to one another. The
minimum distance BC will equal 4.4428827 × (being the radius of
a turning cylinder) plus twice the margin that must be allowed at F for
variations in the travel of the paper, and may be greater to any required
extent.
The length of paper in the apparatus may be calculated by the

page_text: carrier rollers to any parallel and opposite roller. Thus by the above or
any similar apparatus one side of the web may be brought into contact
with a cylinder, and then the other side into contact with any parallel
cylinder or cylinder on the same axis, the cylinders revolving in the
same direction and not being opposite to one another, but separated by
more than the breadth of the paper.
In the diagram Figure 6, Sheet 2, AB, CD, represent two cylinders
of any suitable diameters, by preference equal fixed at right angles to
one another, and with any required distance between them; EF and
GH are rollers parallel to one another and each making an angle of 45°
with the cylinder A B. The upper surface of the roller E F is flush with
the under surface of the cylinder A B, and the upper surface of the
roller G H is flush with the upper surface of the cylinder CD; KL
represents one of two rollers arranged at right angles to the rollers EF,
GH, and making an angle of 45° with the cylinder CD. These rollers
are parallel to one another and fixed so that the upper surface of the one
and the under surface of the other are made to come flush with the
upper and under surfaces of A B, CD, respectively. By shifting either
of these rollers parallel to itself the length of paper in the apparatus
may be adjusted.
If preferred a single roller may be substituted for the two rollers KL,
such roller having its diameter equal to the sum of the diameters of the
two fixed cylinders AB, CD, plus the distance between them, and being
fixed so that it makes an angle of 45° with the cylinder CD, and that
its upper surface is flush with the upper surface of AB, and its under
surface flush with the under surface of CD.
The line M the common perpendicular to the axes of the two
cylinders, and passing through them must be at a distance from the
centre line of the web (with reference to its position before entering the
apparatus) given by the expression,-
2.2214413 multiplied by " + m²
2
(where r,, are the radii of the fixed cylinders A B, CD,) and on the

page_text: opposite one another and revolving in the same direction. By moving
the cylinder CD parallel to itself, still keeping it at the same distance
from the cylinder AB, the web may be transferred laterally by any
breadth whatever including the exact breadth of the web. It should be.
noticed that the same side a of the web Z is brought into contact with
both turning surfaces. This condition is fulfilled in all the examples of
apparatus we give.
The web enters at the roller E F its side a being uppermost passes
under and over the cylinder A B, over and under the roller or rollers
KL, under and over the cylinder CD, and away over the roller GH, its
side being uppermost on leaving. It is not necessary that the
cylinders CD and A B should be equally inclined to the rollers, but we
have given the particulars in that case as being generally the most con-
venient in practise. In this case as in the case of the whole of the
examples we give the apparatus are susceptible of modification in a
variety of ways without departing from the principles we have laid
down or introducing anything new.
Figure 7 (Sheet 2) shows an apparatus which may be employed for
the same purpose as the apparatus illustrated in Figure 6; A B, BC,
CA, are cylinders fixed so as to form an acute angled triangle of any
convenient shape, the cylinders not being necessarily of the same
diameters; Z is the sheet of which a, b, are opposite sides. The appa-
ratus may be threaded in more ways than one, but in every case the
angle the edge of the sheet makes with the axis in passing over the
cylinder BC must the angle BAC
=

page_text: any similar apparatus one side of the web may be brought into contact
with a cylinder, and then the other side brought into contact with a
parallel cylinder or a cylinder whose axis is in the same line and which
revolves in the contrary direction, the cylinders not being opposite one
another but separated by the breadth or more than the breadth of the
web. In the example shown the cylinders AB, CD, are parallel, and
their under surfaces are flush with one another. The roller EF is
parallel to the breadth of the sheet before it enters the turning appa-
ratus, and its upper surface is flush with the upper surface of CD. The
web Z passes over and under the cylinder AB, under and over the
cylinder CD, and then over and under the roller E F, the side a being
uppermost on entering and the side uppermost on leaving, as shewn.
The length of paper, et cetera, may be calculated as in the preceding
examples.
Figure 9 (Sheet 2) represents an apparatus similar to that shewn in
Figure 6, but threaded differently. It is useful when it is required to
bring the web outside the framework of the machine. The rules pre-
viously given apply to its construction, but the upper surface of G H is
flush with the under surface of A B; the under surface of C D is flush
with the upper surface of E F; also M must be at a distance from the
centre line of the web (with reference to its position before entering the
apparatus) given by the expression 2.2214413 multiplied by half the
difference of the radii of the turning cylinders; and it is taken towards
the roller G H if the radius of AB is greater than the radius of CD,
and towards the roller EF if the radius of CD is greater than the
radius of A B. The web Z passes over and under the cylinder CD and
roller EF and under and over the roller G H and cylinder A B. The
side a is uppermost both on entering and leaving, as shewn; b represents
the different positions of the opposite side.
Instead of GH two parallel rollers with any distance between them
may be used, so that there may be any required distance between the
positions of the web on entering and leaving the apparatus.
The apparatus, Figure 10 (Sheet 3), is intended for use in cases where
it is required to bring the web from one cylinder to a parallel and
opposite cylinder revolving in the contrary direction (the opposite sides
of the web being brought in contact with the cylinders) when there is
reason to take it out of its direct course. The turning cylinders AB

page_text: and CD are parallel to one another, and are equally inclined to the
two parallel rollers EF and GH and to the breadth of the web.
It
is convenient to take this angle equal to 45°. The web Z passes under
and over the cylinder AB then at the back of the rollers EF, and
GH, and over and under the cylinder CD. It will be observed that
in this Figure (which represents a perspective view of the apparatus)
the sides a of the two portions of the web come opposite to one another,
the various positions of the reverse side being indicated by b.
The apparatus, Figure 11, Sheet 3, which is substantially the same as
that Figure 8, is employed for transferring the web Z laterally by its
breadth or more than its breadth, the same side a being uppermost. The
two portions of the web are parallel and in the same plane, so that the
web makes one complete wrap round the cylinder A B, and the angles
the edge makes with the axis on entering and leaving are the same. By
diminishing this angle the amount of transference is increased, and vice
versa; also, the amount of transference increases with the diameter of
the cylinder, and vico versa; in fact, 6·2831853 × 1, cos a gives that
distance.
Figure 12 (Sheet 3) represents another apparatus for transferring the
web laterally. AB and CD are the axes of two equal cylinders in
the same straight line; E is the middle point between B and C; EH
is any straight line through E perpendicular to BC, and it is taken any
convenient length. It may be as long as desired, but in all cases a
sufficient length in proportion to the breadth of the web is to be allowed.
The roller FG is fixed with its central point at H, and its axis
anywhere perpendicular to EH. By properly choosing the angle it
makes with BC the distance BC may be made any length required.
KL, MN, are turning cylinders fixed according to the directions
herein-before given in reference to the diagrams, Figures 2, 3, and 4,
FG may rotate as the edge of the paper on entering and leaving is
perpendicular to its axis. The web Z passes over the cylinder KL,
then over and behind the roller FG, and under the cylinder MN, a, b,
representing opposite sides of the web. If AB and CD are parallel
but not in the same straight line E may be taken; the middle point of
BC and E H may be drawn perpendicular to the plane A B, CD. The
rest of the construction will be the same as before.
Figure 13 (Sheet 3) represents an apparatus very similar to that
shown in Figure 10; it is intended for a similar purpose and may be

page_text: employed when it is found more convenient to use the apparatus in this
form than in the form shewn in Figure 10. The web Z passes over and
under the cylinder A B and rollers EF and GH, and then at the
back of the roller K. L, and under and over the cylinder CD, as
indicated by the arrows. b represents the reverse side of the web to
that which a does.
Figure 14 represents an apparatus in which cones are employed for
turning the web, and is substantially the same as Figure 5. The axes
of the cones A B, CD, are fixed at right angles to one another, and the
cones are of the same pitch. The thin end of the cone A B is sunk
into the thick end of the other CD until the surfaces become flush
with one another. The web Z passes under the roller F G over first
the cone A B, and then the cone CD, and leaves, passing over the
roller FG, a, b, representing the reverse sides of the web. The plane
of the paper is changed by a distance (which by using different cones).
can be regulated at will, and it is also transferred laterally by more than
its breadth. This breadth may be varied by shifting the apparatus
bodily in a lateral direction.
Figure 15 (Sheet 3) represents another arrangement of cones. A B
and CD are the cones which are of the same pitch, and fixed so as to
touch a common plane along parallel straight lines. They are both on
the same side of the plane, and their vertices are in opposite directions.
By this apparatus the plane of the paper is transferred laterally, and the
distance through which it is transferred may be varied by changing the
pitch of the cones or by changing the distance between them.
'
No result can be obtained by the use of cones which cannot be
obtained by the use of cylinders, and the latter are always more con-
venient in practice because the conditions of their use are much simpler,
and we therefore in every case prefer to employ cylinders.
The apparatus when desired may be taped on either or on both sides
of the web. When as in Figure 10 the sheet before entering and after
leaving any turning apparatus whatever is opposite to itself, and the
same edge of the sheet is opposite to the same edge, then a tape put in
on either side the sheet will come out opposite itself, and thus its two
ends may be brought together in the usual way unless there are obstacles
to prevent this, when skew pullies may be used.

page_text: When the sheet before entering and after leaving any turning
apparatus whatever is opposite to itself, but the same edges of the sheet
are not opposite to one another as in Figure 16, which represents a per-
spective view, where the edge at A is the same edge as the edge at A¹,
the sides a, b, being opposite to each other; then it is convenient to take
each tape round both sides of the sheet. For example, let a tape go
through the turning apparatus starting from the inner side of the sheet
at c, it will come out outside the sheet at d, conduct it by rollers over the
apparatus to outside the sheet at e, and again take it through the turning
apparatus, and it will come out inside the sheet at f and opposite to
where it first entered at c; the two ends can then be joined in the usual
way.
When the sheet before entering and after leaving any turning
apparatus is not opposite itself, or when in the case illustrated in diagram,
Figure 16, it is desired to tape only one side of the web, it will be in
general necessary to use skew pullies to bring the two ends of a tape
together. Turning apparatus may be used for the same purpose, but we
prefer skew pullies fixed in any usual and suitable manner.
When two turning apparatus are used, and the sheets on them are
running in opposite directions, returning apparatus may often be avoided
by conducting the same tape over both apparatus. This process is illus-
trated in the machine, Figures 33 and 34.
Before proceeding to describe some examples of machines constructed
in accordance with our Invention, it will be convenient to enumerate
the following terms employed in formulæ herein-after given.
Let equal the length or breadth of the printed sheet according as its
motion is in the direction of its length or of its breadth.
Let m equal any number including zero. The meaning of this is that
in the formulæ which follow m may be taken at pleasure equal to
nothing, or equal to 1, or equal to 2, &c., &c., &c.
Let K equal the distance after cutting between successive sheets when
they have reached their ultimate distance of separation.
In all the machines herein-after described the formes may be placed so
as not to occupy the whole width or length (as the case may be) of the
printed sheet but only half that distance. The length of printing
surface will thus be made twice as great and the roll will be only half
B 2

page_text: width, but each roll will print only half the number for the same surface
speed of the type. In some cases this method will be useful. For
example, it may obviate the necessity of having two sets of formes, as
for example in the machine Figure 36.
Figure 17 (Sheet 4) represents a machine of Class I. 1 is the type
cylinder which carries the formes 2, 2, 3, 3, for printing both sides of
the sheet; 4, 5, 4, 5, are the impression cylinders; 6, 6, are the two
rolls of paper; and 7, 7, are the inking apparatus. Between the im-
pression cylinders (4) and (5), say at 8, the sheet is turned by a turning
apparatus such as those described with reference to Figures 6, 7, or 9.
The paper may be cut before or after it is printed. If after printing the
circumference of the type cylinder equals 26. If before printing the
circumference of the type cylinder equals 26+2 K, the distance the paper
travels from D to G must be adjusted so that the sheets are accurately
backed; this distance must equal the arc DG+(2m+1) 6 when the web
is cut after printing, equal the arc D G+(2 m+1) (b+K) when it is
cut before printing. The formes must not be put on in the usual way,
but the set which prints one side must be turned round as it were in
reference to the set which prints the other side. There are more ways
than one of putting on the formes, examples of which are illustrated by
Figures 17 and 17".
The paper is conducted from the rolls 6 between the type cylinder 1
and the impression cylinders 4, where it receives an impression upon
one side; it is then turned by the turning apparatus at 8, and passing
between the type cylinder 1 and impression cylinder 5 receives an
impression on the reverse side, after which it is delivered to the cutting
and folding or delivery mechanism, all of which may be arranged in any
usual and suitable way.
Figure 18 (Sheet 4) represents another machine of the same class as
Figure 17, the circumference of the type cylinder of which equals 46
when the paper is cut after printing, and equals 4 (6+K) when the paper
is cut before printing.
Distance paper travels from D to E equal to arc D E + 2 (2 m + 1) cutting after printing.
"
دو
"
"
Distance from F to G equal to are FG+ 26 (2m + 1) cutting after printing.
"
""
2 (K) (2m + 1) ditto before ditto.
2 (K) (2 m + 1) ditto before ditto.
">
"
+ (b + K) (2 m + 1) ditto before ditto.
وو
"
Distance from E to F equal to arc E F +6 (2m + 1) cutting after printing,
"
"

page_text: In this machine the forms 2, 2, 3, 3, for both sides of the sheet are
placed close to one another, and the directions for placing them given,
with reference to Figure 17, apply to this case also.
1 is the type cylinder; 2, 2, 3, 3, the formes, 4, 4, 5, 5, 9, 9, 10, 10, the
impression cylinders; 6, 6, the rolls of paper; 7, the inking apparatus.
The paper from the rolls 6, 6, enters between the type cylinder 1 and
the impression cylinder 4, thence passes round the roller 11, and between
the type cylinder 1 and the impression cylinder 5. The combined effect
of the two impression cylinders 4, 5, is to produce an impression
continuously on one side the sheet. The paper having received an
impression on one side is then conducted to a turning apparatus situate,
say at S, and constructed in accordance with the methods herein-before
described, for example, those illustrated by Figures 6, 7, and 9. The
paper then passes round the impression cylinder 9, roller 13, and
impression cylinder 10, and thus receives a continuous impression on
its other side. It is then delivered to the cutting and folding or delivery
mechanism, which may be arranged in any usual and suitable manner.
Figure 19, Sheet 4, represents a similar machine to the one last
described, except that the formes 2, 2, and 3, 3, are placed on opposite sides
of the type cylinder 1 in lieu of side by side. The direction for placing
the formes given with reference to Figure 17 also applies in this
case.

page_text: the rolls 6 round the impression cylinders 4, then over the rollers 11 to
the impression cylinders 5, after which it is turned by means of similar
apparatus to that described with reference to Figures 17 and 18, which
apparatus is arranged between the impression cylinders 5 and 9, say at 8;
the paper is then conducted round the impression cylinders 9, rollers 13,
impression cylinders 10, and finally is conducted to any suitable cutting
and folding or delivering mechanism.
In the Drawings, Figures 17, 18, and 19, the web is represented as
being cut after it is printed. In all the machines there illustrated it
may be cut before printing, in which case the paper must of course be
conducted round the impression cylinders, &c., by means of tapes or other
equivalent. The formulæ give directions for both cases, and methods of
tapeing the turning apparatus have been already given.
Figure 20, Sheet 4, is intended to explain generally how by our
methods any desired number of rolls can be printed from at the same
time, the number being limited only by practical considerations as to
size of type and impression cylinders. In this machine the paper must
be cut before it is printed. It should be remarked however that when
the paper is cut before it is printed the number of rolls employed is not
a sufficient criterion of the number printed in any specified time.
The circumference of the type cylinder, say equal to c, is anything
not less than 2b, b being the width or length (as the case may be) of the
largest sheet the machine is to print. With inking rollers arranged as
shewn in the Drawing the circumference of the type cylinder must be
considerably greater than 26 to allow of parts of the cylinder being used
as inking surfaces, but when it is desired that the cylinder should be
small the inking apparatus may be otherwise arranged. Then being the
breadth or length of sheet it is evident that the cylinder is printing
during part of its time. Therefore the surface speeds of the paper
before and after cutting must be to one another in the ratio 26: c; by
varying the speed of the roll different sized sheets may be printed.
2
The type cylinder 1 carries the formes 2, 2, 3, 3, for both sides of
the sheet, 2, 2, being placed opposite to 3, 3, so that the arc V X equals
the arc Z W. The directions for placing the formes given with reference
to Figure 17 apply in this case also. 4, 5, are the impression cylinders;
7, 7, inking rollers; and 14, 14, distributing rollers.

page_text: The sheets as they pass under the impression cylinder 4 receive their
first impression, and are then turned by a turning apparatus situate, say,
at 8, receiving an impression on the reverse side as they pass under the
impression cylinder 5.
The turning apparatus may consist of any one of those described as
applied to the machine illustrated in Figure 17. The distance the paper
travels from D to G must equal the arc DG + (2 m + 1) 2.
C
Figure 21, Sheet 4, represents a machine of the same class as those
previously described, but having only one impression cylinder, and the
paper must be cut before it is printed. 1 is the type cylinder carrying
the formes for both sides of the sheet, arranged in a similar manner to
those illustrated in Figure 17; 4 is the impression cylinder; 6, the roll
of paper; 7, the inking apparatus. A sheet cut from the roll 6 by the
cutting cylinders 41, 42, is conducted between the rollers 43, 44, and
passes between the type cylinder 1 and the impression cylinder 4, where
it receives an impression on one side; it then passes between a pair of
rollers 15, 16, (carried in a suitable frame so as to oscillate in the
manner herein-after described) and between the rollers 45, 46, to a
turning apparatus situate, say, at 8, and such for example as those
illustrated in Figures 6, 7, or 9. The paper is then conducted between
the rollers 47, 48, and thence between the rollers 43, 49, to the
impression cylinder 4 again, when it receives an impression on the
reverse side of the sheet, after which it passes between the rollers 15, 16,
which have been oscillated or moved by any suitable arrangement of
mechanism to a position immediately opposite a pair of rollers 17, 18,
which latter receive the sheets and conduct them away to be folded or
delivered as desired.
It is obvious that the machine should be taped in any usual or
suitable manner. In this arrangement the rollers and the rest of the
machine should be driven at twice the speed of the roll of paper and the
cutting cylinders.
Figures 22 and 23, Sheet 5, represent respectively a front elevation
and transverse vertical section of a machine of the second class. and for

page_text: cylinders rotate in the same direction they may if preferred form one
long cylinder, and similarly in the case of the impression cylinders and
rollers. The position of the formes is illustrated in the diagrams 22
and 22º.
The paper is brought from the portion of the cylinder represented in
Figure 22 to that represented in Figure 23, by any convenient turning
apparatus made in accordance with the methods herein-before described,
such, for example, as those illustrated by Figures 5 and 14 of the
Drawings.
If it is wished that the web shall be transferred by exactly its
breadth, the modification of Figure 6, suggested with reference to that
Figure, or a similar modification of Figures 7 or 9 may be used. When
the web is transferred by more than its breadth there may be a frame-
work in the middle of the machine, in fact, the machine might consist,
as it were, of two distinct machines connected only by the four turning
apparatus, Figure 22 representing the oue machine, and Figure 23 the
other. The blanket of cylinder 5 is made long by means of a carrier
roller in order to reduce the set-off.
The paper from the rolls 6 (Figure 22) passes between the impression
cylinders 4 and the type cylinder 1, and receives an impression from the
formes 2, 2, and is then conducted round the turning cylinders 8,
Figure 22, and the turning cylinders 8, Figure 23, to the impression
cylinders 5, where it receives an impression on the reverse side, after
which it is delivered from the machine in any suitable manner. In the
Drawing the four rolls are conducted to the same pair of cutting
cylinders.
In order to allow of the removal or changing of the formes we form
in the frame of the machine a semicircular slot or slots, the lower part
of which is slightly below the surface of the type cylinder when the
formes are removed, and the width of which slightly exceeds the thick-
ness of the formes. When it is required to change the formes, two
consecutive pairs of inking rollers are removed and the impression
cylinder between them is slightly raised, when the formes may be
slipped on or off the type cylinder through the before-mentioned slot.
Figure 24, Sheet 5, and Figure 25, Sheet 6, represent similar views of
a machine almost identical with that last described and illustrated by

page_text: Figures 22 and 23, Sheet 5. The difference consists in making the
type cylinder twice as large so as to carry two sets of formes. This
enables the impression cylinders to be made larger and the formes to be
taken on or off in the usual way.
Figure 26 (Sheet 6) represent another modification of a machine of
the same class, intended to print from a roll of double width. In this
arrangement the paper may be cut up the centre either before or after
it has been printed upon by means of a circular knife, or otherwise
placed in any suitable position. 1 is the type cylinder which is in
every way the same as that described, with reference to Figures 22
and 23, in the case when the cylinder forms one long cylinder, and there
is no space between the formes for each side; 4 and 5 are the impression
cylinders; 6, the roll of paper to be printed; and 7, the inking appa-
ratus. The paper from the roll 6 enters between the type cylinder 1
and the impression cylinder 4, and receives an impression from the
formes for both sides, it then passes to the turning apparatus situate say
at 8 (and which may be constructed according to the methods described,
with reference to Figures 6, 7, and 9) and from thence between the type
cylinder 1 and the impression cylinder 5 where it receives another
impression, but on the reverse side of the paper to that which received
the first impression. The paper is then conducted to any usual and
suitable cutting and folding or delivery mechanism.
The machine we are about to describe is of the second division of the
second class, and is illustrated by Figures 27 and 28, Sheet 6, which
represent respectively a front elevation and transverse vertical section.
In this case the formes are arranged upon two type cylinders whose
axes are in the same straight line, and which revolve in opposite
directions. 1, 1, are the type cylinders; 2, 2, and 3, 3, the formes;
4 and 5, the impression cylinders; 6, 6, the rolls of paper to be printed;
7, the inking apparatus. The paper from the roll 6, Figure 27, enters
between the impression cylinder 4 and the type cylinder 1, and is then
turned by means of a turning apparatus situate say at 8 and constructed
upon the principle described, with reference to and illustrated by
Figure 8, after which it passes between the impression cylinder 5 and
the type cylinder 1*, Figure 28, and is then conducted to any usual
and suitable cutting and folding or delivery mechanism.
T
00 11.
division
of the thind alacs

page_text: in which the formes are carried on two cylinders arranged opposite one
another and revolving in opposite directions. 1 is the type cylinder
carrying the formes 3, 3; 4 and 5, the impression cylinders; 6, 6, two
rolls of paper; 7, 7, inking apparatus. The paper from one of the
rolls 6 passes between the impression cylinder 4 and the type cylinder 1.
which carries the formes 2, 2, and thence through a turning apparatus,
such, for example, as that described with reference to and illustrated by
Figure 10 of our Drawings, and situate say at 8. The effect of the
turning apparatus is to bring the web outside the frame of the machine
and then in again, thus conducting the two webs each out of the way
of the other; after having been turned the paper passes between
the impression cylinder 5 and the type cylinder 1 which carries
the formes 3, 3, and is thence conducted between the two im-
pression cylinders 5, 5, (which may also serve as cutting cylinders,
if desired) to any usual and suitable cutting and folding or delivery
apparatus.
Figure 30 (Sheet 7) is an illustration of a machine of the B division
of Class 3, in which the paper from two rolls is being printed with
formes placed on two type cylinders arranged opposite each other and
revolving in the same direction. 1 and 1 are the type cylinders carrying
respectively the formes 2, 2, and 3, 3; 4 and 5 are the impression
cylinders; 6, 6, rolls of paper; 7, 7, inking apparatus.
The paper from one of the rolls 6 passes between the impression
cylinder 4 and the type cylinder 1 and receives an impression on one side
thereof; it is then conducted through a turning apparatus situate, say,
at 8, such for example as those described with reference to and illustrated
by Figures 6, 7, and 9.
The paper then passes
between the impression cylinder 5 and the type
cylinder 1* and receives an impression on the reverse side, after which it
is conducted away to any usual and suitable cutting and folding or
delivery mechanism.
The paper from the other roll travels in the reverse direction on the
type cylinders to that just described, as will be clearly seen on reference
to the Drawing.
Figure 31 (Sheet 7) represents a machine constructed in accordance
A
க

page_text: type cylinders inclined at an angle to each other and revolving in
opposite directions. The two parts of the machine on opposite sides of the
line X, X, are perfectly symmetrical and may be inclined to one another
at any desired angle. 1, 1*, are the type cylinders carrying respectively
the formes 2, 2, and 3,3; 4, 4, and 5, 5, are the impression cylinders;
6, 6, rolls of paper; 7, 7, inking apparatus.
The paper from the rolls follows the course indicated by the arrows,
and the operation will be perfectly understood from the preceding
description without further explanation.
The turning apparatus may be such as that illustrated in Figure 2.
A, B, may be taken to represent a type cylinder, and C, D, an impression
cylinder.
Figure 32 represents a similar machine to that shewn at Figure 31 and
is of the B division of the fourth class, both of the type cylinders are
made to rotate in the same direction and the paper from one roll passes
over both of the type cylinders and that from the other roll under the
same, as shewn by the arrows. The turning apparatus may be such as
that illustrated by Figure 4.
Figures 33 and 34 (Sheet S) represent respectively a front elevation
and transverse vertical section of a machine of the A division of Class 5.
The table 1 which carries the formes 2, 2, 3, 3, oscillates backwards and
forwards in the usual manner (the formes being placed as described in
reference to Figures 22 and 23) and drives the impression cylinders 4, 5,
4*, 5*, so that they rotate first in one direction and then in the other. The
inking tables, inking rollers, distributing rollers, apparatus for the delivery
and folding, &c., of the papers may be arranged according to the customary
methods. The rollers 15, 16, 17, are placed very close to but not in
contact with the cylinder 5, and they constantly rotate in the directions
indicated by the arrows, similarly the rollers 18, 19, 20, are placed close
to the cylinder 4, and 15*, 16*, 17*, close to 5% and 18*, 19*, 20*, close
to 4. The impression cylinders 5, 5*, have their axes in the same
straight line, and they may if preferred form one long cylinder.
Similarly for the cylinders 4, 4*. The rollers 15, 15*, have their axes in
the same straight line but they revolve in contrary directions, as shewn
by the arrows. Similarly for the rollers 16, 16, 17, 17, 18, 18, 19,
19*, 20, 20*.
Two wohs are emploved, and the webs must be cut into cheats hefave

page_text: printing on either side. This may be effected in any of the usual ways,
and from the one web the sheets enter (with the proper interval between
each sheet) between the rollers 15*, 16*, Figure 33, and from the other
web between the rollers 18, 19, Figure 34. The sheets are timed to
enter the rollers 18, 19, so that a sheet is carried round in one direction
by the cylinder 4 and the next sheet in the other direction, and so
on in succession. The sheets are thus printed on one side from the
formes 2, 2, and leave between the rollers 19, 20; they then pass round
the turning apparatus 8, Figure 34 (which is such an apparatus as that
illustrated in Figure 5), and enter between the rollers 20*, 19*, to
receive an impression on the other side by the impression cylinder 4*,
in a similar way to that described with reference to the cylinder 4, after
which they pass out between the rollers 19*, 18*, to any convenient
delivery or folding apparatus. In precisely the same way the sheets
from the other roll enter between 15*, 16*, and are printed on one side
by the impression cylinder 5*, pass out between 16*, 17*, over the turning
apparatus S*, 8*, pass between the rollers 16, 17, and are printed on the
other side by the impression cylinder 5, and thence between the
rollers 15, 16, to the delivery or folding apparatus.
The conditions for timing, &c., are as follows:-N'P', NP, is the
distance of the inside travel of the table, and NK=LP=N¹K'=L'P'.
X is the point in which the line bisecting the angle 20, 4, 19, (4 being
the centre of the cylinder) cuts the cylinder, and T the point where the
line bisecting the angle 19, 4, 18, cuts the cylinder and similarly for the
points V, W, X', T, V¹, W. The distance between every two successive
sheets as they enter between the rollers 15*, 16*, from the one roll and
between 19, 18, from the other must be equal to NP. The travel of the
paper from W to W, and from X to X', must equal 2 (m+1) (NP+b)—c,
where c is the circumference of an impression cylinder, and the breadth
or length of a paper according to the way in which the formes are placed
2 VR = 2ST KL=K'L'= 2 S¹ T¹
===
2 V R. Arc KVW (which:
=
arc KV Ware LTX = arc L'T" X¹) must be not greater than K N.
The cutting cylinders of each roll should be geared in such a way
that the leading edge of the sheet may arrive at the right moment with
reference to the position of the formes.
The dotted lines represent the course of the margin tapes; they are
driven by the impression cylinders and therefore run first in onc direction

page_text: and then in the other. The end a runs into the end B, and the end Ŏ
into the end 6, the tapes being carried sufficiently far to be out of the
way of the travel of the table. On the rollers 15, 17, 18, 20, 15*, 17*,
18*, 20*, there are provided loose pullies over which the margin tapes
run, and these pullies arc slightly larger than the rollers. Thus the
margin tapes can run first one way and then the other, while the
above rollers and the tapes they carry run constantly in the same
direction.
Instead of margin tapes grippers may be employed, or the margin
tapes may be differently arranged. By varying the speed of the roll and
the size of sheet cut different sizes of sheets may be printed. No adjust-
ment of the parts shewn in the Drawings is necessary, care being taken
that the centre line of the formes remains in the same place whatever
the size of the formes, and that the margin tapes are moved if necessary
so as still to run in the margins.
The course of the tapes which conducts the papers from the impression
cylinder 4 to the impression cylinder 4*, and similarly from 5* to 5 is
shewn in the Drawing.
For one side of the sheet let a tape start from Q; it then passes round
the roller 20, thence over the turner 8, 8, and round the roller 20× to
the roller 33*, thence round the roller 17* and over the turner 8×, 8*,
to the roller 17, and thence over the roller 33 back to the point Q.
For the other side of the sheet let a tape start from O; it then passes
round the roller 19 to the roller 20, thence over the turner S, S, to the
roller 20*, and then to the roller 19* and over the roller 34* to the
roller 16*, thence to the roller 17*, and over the turner 8×, 8×, to
the roller 17, thence to the roller 16 and over the roller 34 back to the
point O.
taken round in
The next sheet
One sheet when it enters the rollers 15*, 16*, will be
the direction of the arrow m, and out between 17*, 16*.
will be taken in the direction of the arrow R, and then out between
the rollers 16*, 17*, and so on in succession. In order to ensure the
sheets following the proper directions we make use of guides, as shewn
in Figure 35 on an enlarged scale.
The guide d, e, f, is capable of occupying three positions, and is
caused to occupy these positions at the right times by a cam or other

page_text: suitable means.
It is pivoted on the rod 35 and at one time it occupies
the position shewn in the Drawing, allowing the sheet to go round the
impression cylinder 5*. At another time it is moved round the rod 35,
so that the point d presses against the cylinder 5*. When in this
position it prevents the sheet from continuing its course round the
impression cylinder 5* in the direction of the arrow R', Figure 35, and
allows space for it to go round the roller 16*. At another time the
point e presses against the cylinder 5*, and when in this position it
prevents the sheet from continuing its course round the impression
cylinder 5* in the direction of the arrow V₁, and allows space for it to
pass round the roller 17*.
The guide terminates at d and e in prongs, so that they may enter
grooves in the rollers 16*, 17*, cut for the purpose in places where there
are no tapes.
The guide a, b, c, is capable of occupying two positions and is moved
by a cam or by other suitable means. One of its positions is shewn in
the Drawing the other is when it occupies the same position relatively to
the roller 16* that it now does relatively to the roller 15*. It occupies
the position shewn in the Drawing, while the impression cylinder 5*
rotates in the direction of the arrow R' (Figure 35).
The guide a, b, c, moves in a curved slot 36, the curve of which is the
arc of a circle concentric with the centre of the cylinder 5*. The ends
a, b, c, are prongs for the same purpose as those at d and e.
A guide similar to that a, b, c, is required between the rollers 15*
and 16*, between 20* and 19*, between 16 and 17, and between 19 and
18, and a guide similar to that d, e, f, is required between 18* and 19*,
between 16 and 17*, between 15 and 16, and between 20 and 19.
Figures 36, 37, and 38, represent a machine of the B division of
Class 5. In this machine the paper may be cut either before or after it
is printed. Two sets of formes must be used or only one set if rolls of
half breadth are employed.
The formes may be arranged in various ways:-We suppose two set
to be used, as shewn in the Drawing, placed alternately first one side
and then the other, the formes for one side being turned round with
reference to the formes for the other, as explained with reference to
Figure 17. 4 and 5 are the impression cylinders, and between them the

page_text: Figures 6, 7, and 9. The circuits CDEJGH and DEFGHI (see
Figure 37) are in length each equal to 4 6 or 4 (b+K) according as
the sheet is cut after or before printing.
The travel of the sheet from O to P must equal the distance OP
plus (2m+1) 6 (web cut after printing) must equal OP plus (2 m + 1)
(b+K) (web cut before printing). The ends of the circuits consist of
the halves of two equal circles, and the remaining parts of the circuits:
are straight, as shewn in the Drawing. The formes pass continuously
round and round these circuits, the two shorter pins 40, 40, passing.
round the former circuit, and the two longer pins 39, 39, passing round
the latter circuit.
The pins 39, 39, are retained in the circuit DEFGHI by means
of a slot in the form of that circuit, and the pins 40, 40, are retained
in the circuit CDEJGH by means of a similar slot. These slots
coincide from D to E, and from G to H. The remaining parts of the
latter slot, videlicet, EJ G and HNCKD are not sufficiently deep to
admit the long pins 39.
While the formes are on the level they are driven by a straight rack
and pinion which is to be so placed as not to be in the way of the ascent
and descent of the formes. During their ascent or descent they are
driven by the wheels 37, 38, which continuously revolve in the same.
direction, and which may be connected together by links, the distance
between the pins 39, 40, and also between 40, 39, must be a multiple of
the distance between two successive teeth of the wheels 38, 38, 37, 37.
The pins 40 and 39 need not be placed at the extremities of the formes,
as shewn in Figure 38, but the distances QR and ST must each be
equal to the distance between the pins 40 and 39. By this arrangement
the formes are continually passing under the impression cylinders 4
and 5, the travel of any forme being always horizontal while it is in
contact with either impression cylinder, and they descend so as always
to remain parallel to themselves. Between D and E, that is during
the time they are receiving an impression, the formes may be supported
by rollers.
mi
11

page_text: secured to us by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent
is,-
First. The application and use to and for the turning or twisting of a
web or sheet previously to, during, or subsequently to the operation of
printing of cylinders, cones, or like surfaces, arranged in such a manner
that the edges of the web or sheet by its passage over the same shall
form curves of double curvature, and that such web or sheet may be
conducted into any given positions, its sides either remaining unchanged
or being reversed as required, substantially as and for the purposes
herein-before described.
Second. The employment of formes arranged in any of the manners
herein set forth in combination with turning apparatus, so constructed
and arranged as to enable a web or sheet after having been printed upon
by one cylinder or surface bearing type to have its reverse side brought
into contact with another cylinder or surface, or with the same cylinder
or surface bearing type without stopping the motion of such web or sheet,
all substantially as and for the purposes herein-before described, and as
illustrated by our Drawings.
Third. The printing simultaneously from two or more rolls of paper or
other material by the employment of turning apparatus arranged in
combination with formes in such a manner that both sides of each web
or sheet shall be printed without stopping the motion of the paper, sub-
stantially as herein-before described and illustrated by our Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said Edwyn Anthony and William
Wilberforce Taylor have to this our Specification set our hands
and seals, this Twenty-seventh day of September, One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-five.