IMPROVEMENTS IN JOINING THE ENDS OF PIPES OR TUBES
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Brookes, of 62, Chancery Lane, London,.
in the County of Middlesex, Patent and Registration Agent, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN JOINING THE ENDS OF PIPES OR
TUBES."-A communication from abroad by Louis Alexandre Farjon,
of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Civil Engineer.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Brookes at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 21st November 1872.
I, WILLIAM BROOKES, of 62, Chancery Lane, London, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent and Registration Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN JOINING THE ENDS OF
PIPES OR TUBES," (that it has been communicated to me from abroad by
Louis Alexandre Farjon, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Civil
Engineer) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of an improved mode of joining together
the ends of pipes and tubes whereby great simplicity and economy are

page_text: ".
attained. The said Invention is applicable to joining the ends of socket
pipes or tubes and also of plain ended pipes. When applied to socket
pipes the outer surface of the spigot end of the said pipes may be cylin-
drical or wedge shaped, tapering towards the body of the pipe, and if
required one or more grooves or depressions may be formed round the
part to be inserted into the socket of the adjoining pipe. The extremity
of the said spigot end may be made of less diameter than the other part
of the spigot, forming a shoulder to abut against a corresponding
shoulder inside the socket. The sockets of the said pipes have a groove
or depression formed round their inner surface, and the inner end of
each of the said sockets is formed with a double shoulder for the spigot
to rest against. When the pipes are placed one against the other so
that the spigot end of one pipe abuts or nearly so against the inner end
of the socket on the other pipe, a band of lead, the transverse section of
which is generally tapered or wedge-shaped, is inserted in the space
between the inner surface of the socket of the one pipe and the outer
surface of the spigot end of the other pipe, so that the smaller edge of
the said lead band will penetrate between the two, and being forced in
from the outside by hammering or other suitable means the said lead
will enter and fill the space between the socket and spigot, and will be
forced into and fill the groove or depression made in the socket, or the
grooves or depressions in the sockets and spigot and will make a tight
joint; or a ring of india-rubber or other suitable elastic material may be
placed in a groove round and near the spigot end of the pipe, and the
band or strip of lead inserted and forced in to between the socket and
spigot as herein-before described; or when the said india-rubber or elastic
ring is used the groove or depression round the inner surface of the
socket may be dispensed with, and two half cylinders or rings of suitable
metal, by preference cast iron suitably shaped, may be introduced
between the socket and spigot, and pressed up against the elastic ring
by keys inserted between the outer end of the said half cylinder and
lugs cast upon the body of the pipe.
When plain ended pipes are to be joined together according to this
Invention the ends of the said pipes are made cylindrical or wedge-
shaped, and may if required have one or more grooves or depressions
formed round them, and the extreme end of the said pipes may be made
of less diameter, forming a shoulder on the extremity of the pipe; a

page_text: may
round the middle of the inner surface of the said collar, each side of the
said rib forming a double shoulder for the pipe ends to rest against, or
if a longer collar be required two ribs each having a double shoulder
be formed or cast, one near each end of the said collar; or if it be
required to join the ends of the two plain cylindrical pipes together, the
said-double shouldered rib or ribs may be dispensed with, and a simple
circular projection formed round the inner surface of the said collar for
the lead to bear against., A. circular groove or depression is formed
round the inner surface of the said collar at each end between the rib or
projection and the mouth of the collar.
The ends of the pipes to be joined are introduced, one into each end
of the said collar, and a belt or band of lead is made to enter the space
between the collar and pipe ends at each end of the said collar, and the
said lead bands being forced or hammered into the said spaces fill the
said spaces and the grooves or depressions round the said collar, and
firmly secure and join the said pipes together.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Brookes in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 20th May 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
BROOKES, of 62, Chancery Lane, London, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent and Registration Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her hairs and suc-
cessors, give and grant me, the said William Brookes, Her special
license that I, the said William Brookes, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Brookes,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS

page_text: IN JOINING THE ENDS OF PIPES OR TUBES," a communication to me from
abroad by Louis Alexandre Farjon, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of
Belgium, Civil Engineer, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said William Brookes, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should i
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Brookes, do hereby 1
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say:
-
This Invention consists of an improved mode of joining together
the ends of pipes and tubes, whereby great simplicity' and economy are 1
attained. The said Invention is applicable to joining the ends of
socket pipes or tubes, and also of plain ended pipes. When applied
to socket pipes the outer surface of the spigot end of the said pipes
may be cylindrical or wedge shaped, tapering towards the body
of the pipe, and if required one or more grooves or depressions may 2
be formed round the part to be inserted into the socket of the
adjoining pipe. The extremity of the said spigot end may be made
of less diameter than the other part of the spigot, forming a shoulder
to abut-against a corresponding shoulder inside the socket. The sockets
of the said pipes have a groove or depression formed round their inner 2
surface, and the inner end of each of the said sockets is formed with
a double shoulder for the spigot to rest against. When the pipes are
placed one against the other so that the spigot end of one pipe abuts
or nearly so against the inner end of the socket on the other pipe,
a band of lead, the transverse section of which is generally tapered or 3
wedge shaped, is inserted in the space between the inner surface of the
socket of the one pipe and the outer surface of the spigot end of the
other pipe, so that the smaller edge of the said lead band will penetrate
between the two, and being forced in from the outside by hammering
or other suitable means the said lead band will enter and fill the 3
space between the socket and spigot, and will be forced into and fill
the groove or depression made in the socket, or the grooves or de-

page_text: pressions in the socket and spigot, and will make a tight joint; or
a ring of india-rubber or other suitable elastic material may be
placed in a groove round and near the spigot end of the pipe, and the
band or strip of lead inserted and forced into between the socket and
spigot, as herein-before described; or when the said india-rubber
or elastic ring is used the groove or depression round the inner surface
of the socket may be dispensed with, and two half cylinders or rings
of suitable metal, by preference cast iron suitably shaped, may be
introduced between the socket and spigot and pressed up against the
elastic ring by keys inserted between the outer end of the said half
cylinders and lugs cast upon the body of the pipe.
When plain ended pipes are to be joined together according to
this Invention the ends of the said pipes are made cylindrical or
wedge shaped, and may if required have one or more grooves or de-
pressions formed round them, and the extreme end of the said pipe
may be made of less diameter, forming a shoulder on the extremity
of the pipe. A cylindrical collar of cast or wrought iron is formed.
with a central rib round the middle of the inner surface of the said
collar, each side of the said rib forming a double shoulder for the pipe.
ends to rest against, or if a longer collar be preferred two ribs each
having a double shoulder may be formed or cast one near each end of
the said collar; or if it be required to join the ends of two plain
cylindrical pipes together the said double shouldered rib or ribs may
be dispensed with, and a simple circular projection formed round the
inner surface of the said collar for the lead to bear against. A circular
groove or depression is formed round the inner surface of the said
collar at each end, between the rib or projection and the mouth of the
collar.
The ends of the pipes to be joined are introduced one into each end
of the said collar, and a belt or band of lead is made to enter the space :
between the collar and pipe ends at each end of the said collar, and .
the said lead bands being forced or hammered into the said spaces.
fill the said spaces and the grooves or depressions round the said collar
and firmly secure and join the said pipes together.
Having now described the nature of this Invention I will proceed
to describe means pursued in carrying the same into practical effect,
reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the letters
and figures marked thereon.
.

page_text: Figure 1 represents in longitudinal section and in elevation a pair
of socket pipes a, a', joined together according to my Invention. The
spigot end 6 of the inner pipe a¹ is made wedge shaped or conical,
tapering towards the body of the pipe, and the extremity of the said
spigot end is at c, made of less diameter than the other part of the
spigot, and forms a shoulder. The socket of the pipe a forms at its
inner end a double shoulder d, f, the shoulder d serving to arrest the
lead introduced between the socket and spigot, and the shoulder f
serving as an abutment for the end of the pipe a². Round the inner
surface of the socket is formed a groove or depression g, g; h is a band
or strip of lead which is inserted between the socket and spigot, as
represented; it is then forced in from the outside by hammering or
other suitable means, the said lead then enters and fills the space
between the socket and spigot and the groove or depression g round
the said socket and makes a secure and tight joint.
Figure 2 represents a modification of the joint represented in
Figure 1. In Figure 2 the spigot end of the pipe a² is made with a de-
pression or groove i round its outer surface, and the extreme end c of the
said spigot is made of equal diameter with the rest of the said spigot.
g is the groove or depression round the inner surface of the socket, and
h is the band or strip of lead which being forced into between the socket
and spigot fills the grooves or depressions 9 and i, and forms a secure
and tight joint.
Figure 3 represents a modification of joint shown at Figure 2. In
Figure 3 the end 6 of the inner pipe a' is cylindrical; g is the groove
or depression round the socket, and h is the band of lead which is
inserted and forced into between the socket and spigot, as herein-before
described with reference to Figures 1 and 2.
Figure 4 is a similar joint to that represented in Figure 3, except
that the end of the inner pipe a³, Figure 4, is formed with ribs 6 and
depressions c; the lead his forced into between the said pipe ends
filling the depressions c and g, and making a tight joint.
Figure 5 represents in elevation, partly in section, two pipes a, a',
joined together by means of an india-rubber ring i placed in a groove
round the spigot end 6 of the pipe a¹. The socket has formed in
it a groove or depression 9, as in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4; is the band of
⚫lead inserted and forced into between the socket and spigot b, and
filling the groove ?, and resting against the india-rubber ring i.

page_text: Figure 6 is a modification of Figure 5. In Figure 6 the lead is
dispensed with and the two pipes a and a¹ are joined together by an
india-rubber ring i on the spigot end 6 of the inner pipe a², the said
india-rubber ring i being pressed upon and held in position by two
half tubes or cylinders j, j, inserted between the socket and spigot
and pushed in and held by keys k, k, inserted between the said half
tubes or cylinders and lugs 2 cast upon the inner pipe a¹.
Figures 7 and 8 illustrate the mode of joining together plain ended
pipes according to this Invention by means of a cylindrical or tubular
collar, which collar in Figure 7 is represented made of cast iron, and
in Figure 8 the said collar is made of wrought iron, and is consequently
thinner than the said cast iron collar. In Figures 7 and 8 like parts
are indicated by similar letters of reference. a, a³, are the two pipes
joined together; the ends b, b³, of the said pipes are made conical,
tapering towards the body of the pipes, but they might be made
cylindrical or shaped like the pipes a' represented in Figures 2, 8,
and 4.
The extreme ends of the pipes a, a³, Figures 7 and 8, are at c, c³,
made of smaller diameter than the parts b, b¹. m, m, are cylindrical
collars having upon their inner surface projecting ribs m³, m³, forming
a double shoulder on each side for the pipe ends b, c, b¹, c³, to abut
against. 9, g¹, are circular grooves or depressions made round the inner
surface of the said collars at each end thereof. h, h³, are bands or strips
of lead which are inserted between the collars m and pipe ends b, b¹,
and when the said lead is forced in by hammering or otherwise it fills
the space between the said collars and pipe ends and the grooves or
depressions g, g³, and makes the said joints secure and tight.
Having now described the nature of this Invention and means
pursued in carrying the same into effect, as communicated to me, I
wish it to be understood that I do not confine myself to the precise
details herein-before described and illustrated in the Drawings, as the
same may be varied without departing from the nature of the Inven-
tion; but I claim,―
First. The improvements in joining the ends of socket pipes and tubes,
as herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, of
the accompanying Drawings, that is to say, joining the said pipes one
to the other when the spigot of one pipe is inserted in the socket of

page_text: another pipe by means of a band of lead inserted in the place between
the said socket and spigot, and forced in so as to fill the said space and
also a groove or depression round the inside of the said socket, the
pipe ends being formed substantially as described.
Second. The mode of joining the ends of socket pipes or tubes as t
herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 5 and 6 of the
accompanying Drawings, that is to say, by means of an elastic ring
round the end of the spigot inserted into the socket, the said elastic
ring being secured in position and the joint completed by a band of
lead forced into the space between the said socket and spigot, or by 1
two half cylinders or tubes inserted between the socket and spigot and
secured by keys between the ends of the said half cylinder or tubes
and lugs upon the body of the inner pipe.
Third. Joining the ends of plain ended pipes or tubes by means of a
collar placed round and enclosing the ends of the said pipes, the said- 1
collar being made with one or more inner projections or ribs for the
pipe ends to abut against, and having at each end a groove or depression
round its inner surface, a band of lead being inserted and forced into
the space between the end of each pipe and the inner surface of the
collar, substantially as herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 2
7 and 8 of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Brookes, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of May in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.
TITTT TTAIP DDAATTA