Year: 1886

page_text: I LEON NAPOLEON LOEB, of St Michael's House Church Alley, Basinghall
Street, in the City of London, American Merchant, do hereby declare the nature
of this Invention, (a communication to me from abroad by James H. Howard
of 95 Milk Street, Boston, United States of America, Gentleman,) to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to galvanic batteries, which are especially adapted for use
in connection with the incandescent electric light.
The cell when complete consists of an outer jar or receptacle, preferably of
square shape, and made of wood or any infrangible material; an inner box made of
paraffine, stearine, wax or any similar substance placed within the outer receptacle ;
a carbon plate supported within the paraffine box, and a porous cell containing a
zinc cylinder. As I intend to use the cells in groups, I prefer the square shape for
compactness.
The carbon plates are semi-cylindrical, and perforated to allow a free circulation
of the depolarizing solution. The porous cup I provide with a grooved bottom for
the purpose of supporting the cup, holding the zinc cylinder in place, and affording
an economical receptacle for the free mercury used for renewing the amalgamation
of the zinc element.
I coat the inner surface of the zinc cylinder with paraffine or other similar
material, in order to prevent waste and stop any chemical action on this inner
surface.
In setting up the battery I place in the porous cup, with the positive element,
the cylinder of zinc, a solution composed of one part sulphuric acid, five parts of
water.
In the groove of the porous cup, I place a similar amount of mercury to keep the
zinc continuously amalgamated. The outer jar I partially fill with a depolarizing
solution consisting of common salt, bichromate of soda, an acid, preferably sulphuric
Prien 37

page_text: acid and water. The proportions in which I preferably make this solution are
one-half pound of common salt, four pounds of bichromate of soda, eight pounds of
sulphuric acid, and eight pounds of water. I have found that by adding common
salt to a fluid consisting of bichromate of soda, an acid, preferably sulphuric, in an
aqueous solution, that free chlorine is produced, which is a powerful depolarizing
agent.
With a cell constructed as I have herein described I am enabled to produce a
battery which has great electro-motive force and constancy, and hardly any
internal resistance.

page_text: Improvements in Galvanic Batteries.
I, LEON NAPOLEON LOEB of St Michael's House Church Alley Basinghall
Street in the City of London American Merchant do hereby declare the nature
of this Invention (a communication to me from abroad by James H. Howard of
95 Milk Street Boston United States of America Gentleman) and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This Invention relates to improvements in galvanic batteries by which they are
specially adapted for use in connection with the incandescent electric light; and
it consists not only of a new depolarizing solution but also in several other
improvements as hereinafter set forth.
In the accompanying drawings figure 1 is a sectional view of the improved
battery with the several parts in their proper place on the line x x of figure 2.
Figure 2 is a plan view of the same. Figure 3 is a perspective view of the
improved outer cell. Figure 4 is a perspective view of the improved carbon
plate. Figure 5. is a front elevation of the improved inner porous cell. Figure 6
is a front elevation of the zinc-electrode.
The cell when completed consists of an outer jar A preferably of a square shape
and made of wood or any infrangible material. Within this outer box I place an
inner box B made of paraffine stearine, wax, or any similar substance. Within
this is placed resting on the bottom of the paraffine box, the carbon plate C C and
the porous cell D. The zinc cylinder E is placed within the porous cell D. As
I intend to use the cells in groups, I prefer the square shape for compactness.
I have made the outer cell of the materials named and in the manner shown as
I desire to adapt it specially for transportation and for use in railway carriages
and other positions where glass or other similar fragile material would be likely
to be broken. The carbon plates C C I make of the shape shown, and per-
forate the same with holes n to allow a free circulation for the depolarizing
solution. The porous cup D, I provide with a grooved bottom for the purpose of
supporting the cup, holding the zinc cylinder in place, and affording an economical
receptacle for the free mercury used for renewing the amalgamation of the zinc
element. I coat the inner surface of the zinc cylinder with paraffine or other
similar material in order to prevent waste, and stop any chemical action on this
inner surface,
In setting up the improved battery I place in the porous cup D with the positive
element, the cylinder of zinc E a solution composed of one part sulphuric acid, five
parts of water. In groove H I place a similar amount of mercury to keep the zinc
continuously amalgamated. The outer jar I partially fill with a depolarizing
solution consisting of common salt, bichromate of soda, an acid preferably
sulphuric acid, and water. The proportions in which I preferably make this
solution are one half pound of common salt, four pounds of bichromate of soda,
eight pounds of sulphuric acid, and eight pounds of water. This depolarizing
solution which I use in the outer jar is new. It has been found that by adding
common salt to a fluid consisting of bichromate of soda an acid preferably

page_text: sulphuric, in an aqueous solution, that free chlorine is produced which is a
powerful depolarizing agent. F represents the negative pole, and G the positive
pole.
With a cell constructed as herein described I am enabled to produce a battery
which has great electro-motive force and constancy, and hardly any internal
resistance.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is;-
1. A galvanic battery consisting of an outer cell, an inner porous cup, a positive
and negative electrode, bichromate of soda and common salt with an acid preferably
sulphuric acid, in aqueous solution.
2. In a galvanic battery, an outer cell consisting of the outer box preferably
made of an infrangible material as wood, and an inner box preferably made of
paraffine, or other similar material substantially as described.
3. In a galvanic battery, a porous cell provided with a grooved bottom, said.
groove being constructed to hold free mercury and the zinc element, and support
the porous cell, substantially as described.
4. A galvanic battery, consisting of an outer cell, an inner porous cup, a positive
and negative electrode bichromate of soda with an acid, preferably sulphuric acid
in aqueous solution the said positive electrode being a cylinder of zinc and having
its inside surface coated with paraffine, as and for the purpose substantially as
described.
5. A galvanic battery, consisting of the outer cell constructed by the com-
bination of the outer box of an infrangible material with an inner box of
paraffine, the negative element, the porous cup, the positive element, and the
charging liquid arranged substantially as shown and described and for the purpose
set forth.
•
6. In a galvanic battery, a depolarizing fluid two elements of which are
bichromate of soda and common salt.
7. The combination in a galvanic battery, of the electrodes a mixture of
bichromate of soda and salt with an acid preferably sulphuric acid, in an aqueous
solution.