AN IMPROVEMENT IN PLOUGHS AND IN OTHER AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, AND IN THE METHOD OF DRIVING THE SAME
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Brennand, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Calico Printer, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
PLOUGHS AND IN OTHER AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, AND IN THE METHOD OF
DRIVING THE SAME."
Sealed the 14th May 1859, and dated the 17th November 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Brennand at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th.
November 1858.
I, JOHN BRENNAND, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Calico
Printer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN PLOUGHS AND IN OTHER AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, AND IN THE
METHOD OF DRIVING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
The improvement in ploughs consists in the application and adaptation of an
archimedian screw or screws thereto, which may either be placed at each side
or in front of the plough, or in any other desired position.
These screws are employed for the purpose of assisting the driving power,
and are so arranged in connection with, and actuated by the driving wheels of
the plough, as to cause the outer edges of the screw or screws to enter and
"bite" the ground, and by means of their screwing motion to assist in drawing
or propelling the plough according to the position they occupy.

page_text: The improvement is also applicable to other agricultural implements which
require a similar assistance. The plough and auxilliary screws are to be
driven by a combination of animal and steam power, as described in the
Provisional Specification of certain other Letters Patent previously applied
for by me, and bearing date on or about 16th November, 1858, or, if preferred,
it may be actuated by either power separately.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Brennand in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 17th
May 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
BRENNAND, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Calico Printer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said John Brennand, Her special license that I, the said John Brennand, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John
Brennand, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
PLOUGHS AND IN OTHER AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, AND IN THE METHOD OF
DRIVING THE SAME," upon the condition, amongst others, that I, the said
John Brennand, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Brennand, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to say):-
My improvements consist in the application and adaptation of an

page_text: archimedian screw or screws thereto, which may either be placed at each side
or in front of the plough, or in any other desired position.
These screws are employed for the purpose of assisting the driving power,
and are so arranged in connection with, and actuated by the driving wheels of
the plough, as to cause the outer edges of the screw or screws to enter and
"bite" the ground, and by means of their screwing motion to assist in drawing
or propelling the plough according to the position they occupy. The archi-
median screws may be made to act in place of ploughs by forming their blades
of a number of "shares," which shall enter the ground, and break up and turn
over the soil in the same manner as common ploughs, and at the same time
assist the driving power by means of their screwing action.
The improvement is also applicable to other agricultural implements which
require a similar assistance. The plough and aixiliary screws are to be driven
by a combination of animal and steam power, as described in the Specification
of certain other Letters Patent granted to me, and dated Sixteenth November,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, No. 2569, or, if preferred, it may
be actuated by other power separately.
In order that the Invention may be better understood and explained in
detail, I have hereunto attached a Sheet of Drawings in illustration of the
Invention, shewing, as an example, in Figure 1 a side elevation of the plough
and tractive power or engine; Figure 2 is an end view of the same,
being the particular arrangement of the screw and ploughshares which I
prefer. a, a, a, a, represents the side and end framework, carrying the
entire apparatus, and to which is attached the vertical guide framing b, b, b, b,
in which the plummer blocks c, c, slide, forming the bearings of the shafts d, d,
upon which the screws, which in this case are formed by the ploughshares
e, e, e, e, are mounted, and which are set to an angle corresponding with the
blades of a four-thread screw. These screws are driven in opposite directions
by the right and left hand worm wheels f,f, the worm of which are mounted
on a shaft g, driven from the engine shaft through the two belt pullies h, h.
It will be seen, by an inspection of the Drawings, that the tractive power and
its auxiliary engine is of precisely the same character and description as that
shewn and described in the Specification of my former Patent above referred
to; but it is obvious that any suitable form or arrangement of boiler engine
may be employed.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, together with the
manner of carrying the same into practical effect, I wish it to be distinctly
understood that I claim the novel and peculiar combination and arrangement

page_text: of the apparatus constituting my improvements in ploughs, or as applied to
other agricultural implements, whether applied exactly in the manner herein-
before described, and as shewn in the Drawings attached, or whether effected
by any other equivalent means.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Brennand, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
JOHN BRENNAND. (L.S.)