IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR CARDING
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Bayley, of Stalybridge, in the County of
Lancaster, Cotton Spinner, and John Quarmby, of the same Place,
Manager, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR CARDING
Sealed the 8th April 1856, and dated the 11th October 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Bayley and John
Quarmby at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 11th October 1855.
We, WILLIAM BAYLEY, of Stalybridge, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton
Spinner, and JOHN QUARMBY, of the same Place, Manager, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR CARDING
COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS " to be as follows:-
It relates to machines in which "flats" are employed, and to arrangements
of mechanism for "stripping" such "flats," and consists in causing a stripper
card, equal in length to the length of the "flats," to pass under them, each
flat being lifted or slided up its pins to allow the stripper card to pass and
act on the under side of it by inclines or other suitable means, which raise
and lower the "flats" in succession; the stripper card may have the necessary
backward and forward motion given to it by being attached to an endless

page_text: chain or band passing round suitable pulleys, having revolving motion
imparted to them, or by other suitable means, and it may be stripped or doffed
by being made to come 'in contact with a comb having a reciprocating
movement.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Bayley and John Quarmby in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 11th April 1856:
•
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
BAYLEY, of Stalybridge, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinner, and JOHN
QUARMBY, of the same Place, Manager; send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent. Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh-day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself; Her heirs.and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said. William Bayley and John Quarmby, Her especial license that we, the
said William Bayley and John. Quarmby, our executors, administrators; and
assigns, or such others as we, the said William Bayley. and. John Quarmby,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR
CARDING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said William Bayley and John Quarmby, by an instru-
ment in writing under our hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the 'same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next' and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Bayley and John Quarmby,"
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described, and ascertained in
and by the following statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to say):-
Our Invention relates to & carding engines," and to that class in which
"flats" are employed, and to arrangements of mechanism for "stripping"
such "flats," and it consists in causing a stripper card or cards equal in length
.. V

page_text: to the length of the "flats" to pass under them, each flat being lifted or
slided up its pins to allow the stripper card to pass and act on the under side
of it, by inclines or other suitable means, which raise and lower the flats
in succession. The stripper card or cards has the necessary backward and
forward motion given to it by being attached to endless chains or bands passing
round suitable pulleys having revolving motion imparted to them; and it may
be stripped by being made to come in contact with a comb having a recipro-
cating movement, or in contact with a revolving brush or card roller, which
is stripped or doffed by a reciprocating comb. The inclines for lifting or
sliding the flats up their pins in succession may be attached to the endless
chains or bands 'carrying the stripper card or cards. This explanation of our
Invention will be clearly understood by the Drawings annexed hereunto, and
the following description tliereof, (the same letters and figures of reference
denote the same or corresponding parts in each Figure of the Drawings.)
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a carding engine in general use. a is the side
frame of the engine; b, the lap fed to the engine; c, axis of one of the feed
or taking-in rollers; d, main fast and loose driving pulleys on the axis of the
carding cylinder; e, the flats; e', bends supporting the flats; e, pins of flats;
f, doffer cylinder; f', doffer comb, worked by the crank shaft; f and g are
the delivery rollers. The parts just enumerated are ordinary and well known.
In applying our Invention, brackets are secured to the side frame on each side
of the engine, to carry the pulleys required to support the endless chains carrying
the stripper card or cards and the mechanism for stripping it. These brackets
are marked a', and the pulleys h, h, ha, ha, h, ho, ho, are those which support
and guide the endless chains (i). Motion is given to the endless chains by
toothed wheels (c¹), on the ends of one of the feed rollers (c), which geer with
wheels (²)
on the axis of the pulley h. The endless chains (i) are formed by
jointed links of well-known construction; those shewn in the Drawings are of
the kind which form teeth on one side, which enter between teeth formed in
the supporting guide pulleys (h to h), and by this means motion is given to
the chains, so that the stripper card or cards (k) carried by them is kept square.
Those portions of the endless chains passing under the flats rest and slide
upon the bends (e¹); this is best seen in Figure 2 and 3, the first being a side
sectional elevation, shewing part of the bend (e), and card cylinder (d¹), the
chain (i), stripper card (k), and a few flats (e), the latter (Figure 3) being a
plan view of part of the bend (e¹), card cylinder (d'), chain (i), and stripper
cards (k). It will be seen that the chain (i), (which is the same on each side
of the engine), passes between the pins (e²), holding the flats (e) and the card
cylinder (d) over the upper surface and near the edge of the bend (e¹), being

page_text: kept in its place by a number of guides screwed on the bends, one of which is
shewn (marked e³) in Figure 2 and Figure 3, and by a sectional view; Figure 4.
The stripper card or cards (k) are secured to a metallic plate or plates (k),
and the ends of those plates. are jointed to parts which each form one of the
links in the endless chains (i). In the Drawings. it will. be seen. that two
stripper cards (k) are used, each of them secured to separate plates, which are
connected together by hinges (k³). Figure 5, a detached end view, shows
the manner in which the plates (¹), carrying the stripper cards (k), are
attached to the endless chains (i). and are pieces to which the stripper
card plates (k) are jointed, the pivots being formed by screws (), which
screw through the parts or into the ends. of the stripper card plate (k);
the slot (3) in the part is for the purpose of permitting the movement.
required by the pivots (12) of. the second stripper card plate (k), to suit itself
to the bends of the endless chain (i) particularly in passing round the guide
pulleys (h to h). The parts and have projections (7) from them, each of
which forms one of the links of the endless chains, and the parts I have eacli
a projection (), which passes under the chain, the object of these projections
being to resist the tendency which the parts I have to turn when acting on the
1
flats (e). The inclines which lift and slide the flats up their pins are formed
on the parts 7, to which the first stripper card plate (¹) is jointed; these
inclines keep the flat up till the stripper card has got a little under it, and then
allow it to drop by its own weight on to the stripper card, and when both the
first and second stripper cards have acted on the flat small inclines (³), formed
on the second plate , again slightly lift the flat till the stripper card. is out of
the way, and then allow it to slide down its pins (e) into its carding position.
The inclines, referred to above, act on projections formed on or fixed to the
under sides of each flat and at each end, the projections being close to the
edge of the flat; one being on each side, as shewn by Figure 6 and Figure 7.;
the first being an edge view, and the latter a, view on the card side, of, the
ends of a flat.
The projections referred to are marked e and .. The inclines which first
lift the flats act on the projections (e) on one side of the flat, and those
which lift the flat just before allowing; it to drop in its place act on the
projections (e) on the other side of the flat.. In Figure 2 it will be seen that.
the stripper cards are shewn as acting upon two flats, and, that the inclines
are sliding a third flat up its pins.
The cards on the flats when allowed to drop on the stripper cards are
prevented from entering too deep in the stripper. card by pieces (shown.in
Figure 3), which are placed diagonally on the stripper card, the surface, of

page_text: these pieces (k) being as much below the points of the stripper card teeth
as the card on the flat is required to enter it, the points of the cards on the
flat resting on the diagonal pieces ('). The card roller (m), for doffing or
stripping the stripper card or cards (/), is fixed in bearings supported from
the brackets (a), carrying the pulleys (h³ & h³); and it has revolving motion
imparted to it in. the direction pointed by the arrow by an endless band (m²),
which passes round a pulley (m²) on its own axis, and one (m³) on the axis.
of the doffer cylinder (f). Those parts of the endless chains (i), passing over
the card roller (m), slide upon and are supported by bars (m), passing
between the pulleys h³ and h*; the object of this arrangement being to steady
the stripper card or cards (k) while in contact with the card roller (m). The
card roller is doffed by a doffer comb n, fixed to arms from a shaft (n¹), sup-
ported in bearings secured on the frame which carries the card roller, and this
shaft (n) has oscillating movements given to it by a connecting rod (n²),
jointed with an arm (n³) on its end, and a crank pin in a pulley (n), made to
revolve on a stud fixed in the side of the engine by an endless band (n³),
from a pulley on the axis of the card cylinder. It will now. be seen from the
preceding explanation, that when motion is given to the endless chains ('), in
the direction pointed by the arrows on Fig. 1, the stripper card or cards will
pass from the front of the engine,. and the inclines attached to the chains
will slide the flats up their pins in succession, and allow the stripper card to
act on the under side of the flats and strip them, and then as the chains
progress, will allow the flats to drop in their places by their own weight in
succession, till the whole of them are stripped; the endless chains in returning
the stripper card to the front will bring it in contact with the doffer or stripper
card roller (m), which will remove from it the fibres and other matters stripped
from the flats, which will be removed from the card roller (m) by the oscillating
doffer comb (n), and will drop on to the doffer cover, or into a receptacle
placed under the doffer or stripper card roller (m). The time between each
operation upon the flats by the stripper card or cards will depend upon the
speed with which the endless chains travel; this may be increased or decreased
at pleasure. In place of one set of stripper cards, similar to those shewn in
the Drawings as attached to the endless chains, a number may be added, say,
four sets, at such a distance apart that when one set is leaving the flats
another set will be entering. By this arrangement, the same number of flats
will be in operation, and the same quantity of material will be removed from
them by the stripper cards at all times, and thus an even carding will be
produced as far as depends on the flats and stripping operation. From the
description herein given, an adaptation of our Invention to those carding

page_text: engines having part rollers and clearers and part flats, may be readily made
without any further explanation.
We have now particularly described the nature of our Invention, and the
mode of carrying it into effect, and wish it to be understood that we do not
confine ourselves to the details herein given; but claim as our Invention the
mode, arrangement, and combination of mechanism herein-before described
for stripping the flats of carding engines, by sliding or lifting them up their
pins and passing the stripper card or cards under them.
i
In witness whereof, we, the said William Bayley and John Quarmby,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Fourth day of April,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
WILLIAM BAYLEY. (L.S.)
JOHN QUARMBY.
(L.S.)