IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CARRIERS, PEDESTALS, PULLEYS, AND COUPLINGS FOR SHAFTING, AND MECHANISM FOR COUNTERSHAFTING, AND IN LATHES OR MACHINERY FOR MAKING SHAFTS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Ford Smith and Arthur Coventry, of Gresley
Ironworks, Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers and Tool Makers,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CARRIERS,
PEDESTALS, PULLEYS, AND COUPLINGS FOR SHAFTING, AND MECHANISM FOR
COUNTERSHAFTING, AND IN LATHES OR MACHINERY FOR MAKING SHAFTS."
Sealed the 6th March 1877, and dated the 19th September 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Ford Smith and
Arthur Coventry at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
19th September 1876.
WILLIAM FORD SMITH and ARTHUR COVENTRY, of Gresley Ironworks, Salford,
in the County of Lancaster, Engineers and Tool Makers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF CARRIERS, PEDESTALS, PULLEYS, AND COUPLINGS FOR SHAFTING,
AND MECHANISM FOR COUNTERSHAFTING, AND IN LATHES OR MACHINERY FOR
MAKING SHAFTS."
Our Invention relates,―
Firstly. To carriers and pedestals or bearings for shafting, and its object is to
make them readily adjustable to the shafts, and to bring the shafts into true level
and line when required; and our Invention consists in an improved combination,
arrangement, and construction of the parts.
According to one modification of our Invention the hanger or carrier is arranged
with slotted holes in it to be secured by bolts to the beam, floor, or wall, as in the
ordinary manner, and it has a face upon it planed parallel to the line of the shaft
against which the planed face of an L bracket is bolted by two bolts, one of which
forms a pivot partly round which the L bracket can turn, there being a slot for the
other bolt which admits of this movement, and there is also a vertical set screw
screwing through a projection from the hanger or carrier which acts upon the.
L bracket to give vertical adjustment to it. The pedestal is carried on the arm of
the L bracket, being turned to fit the L bracket, and to swivel round a set screw
by which it is secured to the said bracket. The pedestal or bearing is made extra

page_text: long, and the L bracket has projections which are formed into dishes to catch the
oil which drops from the bearing.
According to another modification the pedestal or bearing is enlarged and made
partly spherical, and the L bracket is made with a cavity and cap to receive the
spherical part of the pedestal similar to a ball-and-socket joint.
According to another modification the lower part of the hanger or carrier is
turned to fit a socket bored out in a L bracket, and the pedestal has a hole in it
bored out to fit a turned arm of the L bracket, the bracket being adjusted in
height on the hanger or carrier by a set screw, and the pedestal is secured on
the L bracket and the L bracket to the hanger by set screws.
Secondly. Our Invention relates to the hangers, pedestals, and belt guides, and
levers for countershafts, and consists in an improved arrangement and construction.
The hangers or carriers are made to receive a long bearing or pedestal with an oil
cup at each end, the hanger having a cavity to receive an enlarged part of the
pedestal, and is secured by a set screw passing through a cross bar in the hanger;
this arrangement allowing the pedestal to adapt itself to the line of the countershaft.
The hangers have each an arm projecting from them horizontally and at about a
right angle to the line of the countershaft, and upon each projecting arm a bracket
can be placed at any required place on the arm, and then secured by a set screw in
the bracket; these brackets carry the slide bar to which the belt fork is secured,
each prong being secured separately to the slide bar. The fulcrumn part for the
lever which actuates the slide bar is made with two bosses, so that it can be secured
in any convenient position, and one of the bosses will carry the fulcrum for the
lever which passes through a casting adjustable on the sliding bar being secured to
it by a set screw.
Thirdly. Our Invention relates to an improved mode of making pulleys which
are to be applied to shafts in two halves bolted together, and our Invention consists
in casting such pulleys in one piece, and in turning and boring them while in one
piece, the casting being so formed as to be only connected in the two intended
halves by thin places in the metal forming the united pulley, which halves are split
or separated when the pulley is finished by a wedge or wedges driven in holes
provided in the casting.
Fourthly. Our Invention relates to couplings for shafting, and consists in an
improved form and construction. A flanged part is keyed upon each of the ends of
the shafts to be coupled, the face of each flange being flush with the end of the shaft
on which it is keyed, the face of one flange is slightly recessed to fit a projection
on the other flange, and the two flanges are secured together by bolts; the tops of
each flange are formed into a pulley when required.
Fifthly. Our Invention relates to mechanism for centering and straightening bars
ready to be turned for shafting, and consists of a combination and arrangement,
namely, a bed similar to a lathe bed with two "dead" headstocks to carry square
centres; one headstock has bearings for a shaft having a pulley covered with
leather on its end, the bearings of the shaft being arranged in slides or on arms, so
that the pulley can be brought in contact with the bar or shaft, or with a pulley
secured upon the bar or shaft so as to rotate the shaft while it is being centred.
There is upon each headstock or separate from them a V slide, which V comes under
the end of the shaft and can be elevated by a screw, so that the V will come in
contact with the end of the shaft or bar while rotating to be centred. For
straightening there is a screw or hydraulic ram on a carriage or slide upon the bed,
which can be moved along the bed to the place required, and acts downwards by
preference upon the shaft which is sustained at the points to be supported by wedges
or other mechanism resting upon the bed.
Sixthly. Our Invention relates to lathes for turning shafts and like articles;
there are two headstocks both driving, but one or both is moveable along the bed to
suit the varying lengths of shafts to be operated upon. The sliding carriage is
made to carry one or two roughing tools and a finishing tool, so that the shaft is

page_text: roughed and finished at one sliding, and when the carriage has arrived at the
driving end the driver is removed, and it or another is fixed at the finished end of
the shaft which then becomes the driving end, so that the sliding may be finished
to the end of the shaft without having to turn it from end to end between the
centres.
Seventhly. Our Invention also relates to gauges used for turning shafting and
like articles, and its object is to so construct them that they may be readily
adjusted to the true size when worn, and it consists in forming a slit in the metal
connecting the jaws to leave a thin part to allow the jaws to be bent to true gauge
by a set screw or a taper screw, or screw plug inserted in or opposite, or to connect
the metal on each side of the slit.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Ford Smith and Arthur Coventry in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 17th March 1877.
WILLIAM FORD SMITH and ARTHUR COVENTRY, of Gresley Ironworks, Salford,
in the County of Lancaster, Engineers and Tool Makers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF CARRIERS, PEDESTALS, PULLEYS, AND COUPLINGS FOR SHAFTING,
AND MECHANISM FOR COUNTERSHAFTING, AND IN LATHES OR MACHINERY FOR
MAKING SHAFTS."
Our Invention relates,-
Firstly. To carriers and pedestals or bearings for shafting, and its object is to
make them readily adjustable to the shafts and to bring the shafts into true level
and line when required; and our Invention consists in an improved combination,
arrangement, and construction of the parts.
According to one modification of our Invention the hanger or carrier is arranged
with slotted holes in it to be secured by bolts to the beam, floor, or wall, as in the
ordinary manner, and it has a face upon it planed parallel to the line of the shaft
against which the planed face of an L bracket is bolted by two bolts, one of which
forms a pivot partly round which the L bracket can turn, there being a slot for the
other bolt which admits of this movement, and there is also a vertical set screw
screwing through a projection from the hanger or carrier which acts upon the
L bracket to give vertical adjustment to it. The pedestal is carried on the arm of
the L bracket which is turned to fit the L bracket, and to swivel round a set screw
by which it is secured to the said bracket. The pedestal or bearing is made extra
long, and the L bracket has projections which are formed into dishes to catch the.
oil which drops from the bearing.
According to another modification the pedestal or bearing is enlarged and made
partly spherical, and the L bracket is made with a cavity and cap to receive the
spherical part of the pedestal similar to a ball-and-socket joint.
According to another modification the lower part of the hanger or carrier is
turned to fit a socket bored out in a L bracket, and the pedestal has a holo in it
bored out to fit a turned arm of the L bracket, the bracket being adjusted in height
on the hanger or carrier by a set screw or bolt, and the pedestal is secured on the
L bracket and the L bracket to the hanger by set screws, or bolts and set screws.
Secondly. Our Invention relates to the hangers, pedestals, and belt guides and
levers for countershafts, and consists in an improved arrangement and construction.
The hangers or carriers are made to receive a long bearing or pedestal with an oil
cup at each end, the hanger having a cavity to receive an enlarged part of the
pedestal, and is secured by a set screw passing through a cross bar in the hanger,
this arrangement allowing the pedestal to adapt itself to the line of the countershaft.
The hangers have each an arm projecting from them horizontally, and at about a

page_text: right angle to the line of the countershaft, and upon each projecting arm a bracket
can be placed at any required place on the arm and then secured by a set screw in
the bracket. These brackets carry the slide bar to which the belt fork is secured,
each prong being secured separately to the slide bar. The fulcrum part for the lever
which actuates the slide bar is made with two bosses, so that it can be secured in
any convenient position, and one of the bosses will carry the fulcrum for the lever
which passes through a casting adjustable on the sliding bar, being secured to it by
a set screw.
Another modification of this part of our Invention relates to top driving apparatus
used for driving by a rope or cord portable drills and other machines, and it consists
in the arrangement and combination of the mechanism for actuating the belt guide,
and retaining it in position after each movement by two ropes or chains.
Thirdly. Our Invention relates to an improved mode of making pulleys, which
are to be applied to shafts in two halves bolted together, and our Invention consists
in casting such pulleys in one piece, and in turning and boring them while in one
piece, the casting being so formed as to be only connected in the two intended
halves by thin places in the metal forming the united pulley, which halves are split
or separated when the pulley is finished by a wedge or wedges driven in the holes
provided in the casting.
Fourthly. Our Invention relates to couplings for shafting, and consists in an
improved form and construction. A flanged part is keyed upon each of the ends of
the shafts to be coupled, the face of each flange being flush with the end of the
shaft on which it is keyed, the face of one flange is slightly recessed to fit a projec-
tion on the other flange, and the two flanges are secured together by bolts. The
tops of each flange are formed into a pulley when required.
Fifthly. Our Invention relates to mechanism for centering and straightening bars
ready to be turned for shafting, and consists of a combination and arrangement,
namely, a bed similar to a lathe bed with two "dead" headstocks to carry square
centres. One headstock on a separate carriage or slide has bearings for a shaft
having a pulley covered with leather on its end, the bearings of the shafts being
arranged in slides or on arms so that the pulley can be brought in contact with the
bar or shaft, or with a pulley secured upon the bar or shaft so as to rotate the shaft
while it is being centred, or two pulleys may be made to act on opposite sides of
the shaft. There is upon each headstock or separate from them a V slide or other
equivalent arrangement, which V comes under the end of the shaft, and can be
elevated by a screw so that the V will come in contact with the end of the shaft or
bar while rotating to be centred, or two arms carrying pulleys are substituted for
the V. For straightening there is a screw or hydraulic ram on a carriage or slide
upon the bed, which can be moved along the bed to the place required, and acts
upwards by preference upon the shaft which is held at the points to be supported
by mechanism connected with the carriage of the hydraulic ram.
Sixthly. Our Invention relates to lathes for turning shafts and like articles;
there are two headstocks both driving, but one or both is moveable along the bed
to suit the varying lengths of shafts to be operated upon. The sliding carriage is
made to carry one or two roughing tools and a finishing tool, so that the shaft is
roughed and finished at one sliding, and when the carriage has arrived at the
driving end, the driver is removed, and it or another is fixed at the finished end of
the shaft which then becomes the driving end, so that the sliding may be finished
to the end of the shaft without having to turn it from end to end between the
centres.
Seventhly. Our Invention also relates to guages used for turning shafting and
like articles, and its object is to so construct them that they may be readily adjusted
to the true size when worn, and it consists in forming a slit in the metal connecting
the jaws, to leave a thin part to allow the jaws to be bent to true guage by a set
screw, or a taper-headed screw, or screw plug inserted in or opposite, or to connect
the metal on each side of the slit,

page_text: Fig. 1 is a front elevation partly in section; Fig. 2 a side elevation partly in
section; and Fig. 3 a diagram illustrating one modification according to the first
part of our Invention.
a is the hanger or carrier which is secured to the beam floor or wall by bolts a';
the front of the hanger has a bracket b bolted to it, the two faces in contact being
planed. The bracket (b) can swivel upon the lower bolt 61 as a centre, as shown in
Fig. 3, the hole for the upper bolt 62 being a slotted curve to admit of the swivel
adjustments. The two bolts b¹ and 62 pass through vertical slots in the hanger a,
so that the bracket (b) can be adjusted vertically by a set screw 63 (having a lock
nut or nuts) which screws through a projection from the hanger a. The bracket b
is made with projecting dishes b, cast from it to catch the oil which escapes from
the bearing, and these dishes have one or two holes to draw off the oil, which holes
are closed by a plug or plugs, or this is done by a syphon or small pump which is
carried from one bearing to another when the oil is to be emptied from the dishes.
Each bearing C is made extra long with a self-acting lubricator in the centre, and an
oil cup on each side of it, the lower part of the bearing or pedestal is turned to fit a
recess in the bracket b, and the bearing or pedestal (C) is secured to the bracket b by
a screw C¹, which also is a pivot or centre round which the bearing can be adjusted.
Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section; Fig 5, an end view partly in section; and Fig. 6,
a plan illustrating another modification in which the pedestal is secured upon the
bracket, or the bracket and lower part of the pedestal is made in one piece in which
the bearing for the shaft is held.
In this modification the bearing is a long shell d in two halves, the middle being
made partly spherical to fit corresponding cavities in the lower part, and the cap of
the pedestal Cso that the shell bearing d is held in the pedestal, as shown in Figs. 4,
5, and 6, so as to be able to move and adjust itself to the line of the shaft. The
bearing is lubricated through a hole in the cap of the pedestal and the bearing d.
Fig. 7 is a front elevation partly in section, and Fig. 8 is a side sectional elevation.
a is the stem or hanger; b, bracket bored out to fit the lower part of the stem, and
secured by the screws b¹ and 68, as shown. The bracket b has an horizontal arm,
and the pedestal C is constructed as shown and bored out to fit the arm, and secured
by screws C¹ and C³, as shown. This arrangement admits of all the required
adjustments.
Fig. 10 is an end elevation, Fig. 11 a front elevation, and Fig. 12 a front elevation
of an hanger in section; Fig. 13 is an edge, and Fig. 14 a flat view of the lever for
actuating the belt guide, these views illustrating one modification according to the
second part of our Invention. The hangers or carriers a are made to receive a long
bearing d with an oil cup at each end, the centre part of the bearing being made partly
spherical to fit a spherical cavity in the hanger, being secured therein by a screw a³.
Each hanger has an arm a³ projecting from it for a part a', which can be secured
upon it by a set screw. Each part at has a slot in it for a slide bar as, to which the
strap or belt fork a³, formed in two parts, are separately secured. The sliding belt
guide rod a³ is made with notches upon its under edge at one end, which notches
take on each side of one of the parts a' that carry the slide bar a³, so as to hold it
from movement by the action of the belt after each change from one set of pulleys
to the other, the notches being inclined on the inside, so that the slide bar will lift
in passing from one notch, and fall into the other notch when the change has taken
place. The lever e for actuating the belt guide bar a³ is jointed on a part e¹ carrying
the fulcrum pin, this part having bosses for the fulcrum pin, so that it may be either
fixed, as shown in Fig. 11, or as in Figs. 13 and 14. The lever (c) is connected with
the belt guide rod as by passing through the hole in a part a', secured upon the belt
guide rod a by a set screw (see Figs. 11 and 13).
Figs. 15 and 16 are views corresponding to Figs. 10 and 12, showing another
modification similar to that shown by Figs. 10 and 12, except that the carrier a is
open, and the shaft can be lifted without being taken endways directly from the
carriers or hangers.
Fig. 17 is a front, Fig. 18 an end, and Fig. 19 a plan of top driving apparatus for

page_text: driving by a rope or cord portable drills and other tools or machines. f is the
driving shaft, having bearings in the hanger a. Upon one end of the shaft is
secured a grooved pulley f¹ for the driving rope, which passes from the grooved
pulley to a weighted pulley to take up the slack rope and keep it at a proper
tension, then over one of the pulleys in the swivel bracket h to the pulley to be
driven, then back over the other pulley in the swivel h up through the eye in the
axis upon which the bracket for the swivel pulleys turns, and again to the driving
pulley f¹. The fast and loose pulleys fe for the driving belt are upon the end of
the shaft f, as shown, and the belt guides a are upon a sliding rod as in bearings
upon the hanger a; this rod a³ has notches, as described in reference to Figs. 10 and
11, for holding the belt guide after each movement. The sliding rod as for the belt
guide is actuated from any position in which the drill or other machine is at work
to stop and start the rotation by two ropes, one end of one rope i passing up
through an eye or guide over a pulley on a stud fixed in the hanger a, and is
secured to a stud at one end of the belt guide slide rod as, and the end of the
other rope passes up through an eye or guide over the same pulley ², or
another pulley on the same stud, to the other end of the belt guide rod a³. By
pulling at one rope the driving belt can be brought upon the fast pulley, and then
by pulling at the other rope the belt may be traversed to the loose pulley, the
notches in the belt guide bar holding it in position until the ropes are pulled.
Fig. 20 is a side view, and Fig. 21 an edge view partly in section illustrating
the mode of carrying the third part of our Invention into effect. The pulley is cast
with the parts j for bolts, as shown, and when the pulley is turned and bored it is
broken into two parts by wedges placed in the holes cast in the parts j for the bolts.
The holes for the bolts are cast in the pulley.
Fig. 22 a longitudinal section, and Fig. 23 an end view, illustrate the mode of
carrying the fourth part of my Invention into effect. One part of the coupling is
secured by a key k on the end of one shaft, the other by a similar key on the end
of the other shaft, and one coupling enters the other and the two are bolted together,
as shown. The top of the coupling may be formed into a pulley, as shown, when
required.
Fig. 24 is a front elevation; Fig. 25, an end elevation; Fig. 26, a cross sectional
elevation through the carriage; and Fig. 27 is a plan view illustrating our improve-
ments for centering and straightening shafts according to the fifth part of our
Invention. a is the bed of the lathe; b, two headstocks carrying square centres ;
for each end of the bed there is a carriage C, in which there is a fulcrum C¹ for two
arms C, each having an antifriction pulley C³ at its upper end; these arms (C2) are
simultaneously brought nearer to one another, and so as to come against the shaft
while being centred by a right and left handed screw C. The shaft is driven while
being centred by a pulley d, which may be covered with leather; this pulley is
secured upon one end of a shaft d', having bearings in a slide d², the other end of
the shaft having a pulley for the driving belt secured upon it. There is also a
pulley d on a stud or short shaft, having its bearings on another slide d³, and this
pulley d presses against the shaft to be turned, and is upon the opposite side of it
to the pulley d, the two slides d³ and d³ being connected together by a right and
left handed screw de to bring the pulleys against the shaft to be rotated. For
straightening there is a carriage e on wheels e¹ to enable it to be moved easily upon
the bed; on this carriage there is a ram case or cylinder, with an hydraulic ram f,
and from each side of the ram case there is a horn fl projecting in the direction of
the bed, which horns are to sustain the shaft by loops ƒ that extend between the
shaft and the horns f¹, as shown, against the pressure of the bending action of the
hydraulic ram; g is the handle for working the pump for the bydraulic ram,
which is similarly arranged to the pump for portable hydraulic lifting jacks; his a
wedge actuated by a lever h¹ on a fulcrum on the carriage (e), the object of which
wedge (see Fig. 26) is to lift the ram case and horns f¹ to allow the loops f² to be
passed under the ends of the horns, the wedge being then withdrawn, so that the

page_text: ram case and ram is suspended upon the shaft with the bend of the shaft to be
straightened downwards, the ram then acting upwards against the bend of the
shaft.
Fig. 28 is a front elevation; Fig. 29, an end elevation; Fig. 30 is a side elevation
of the saddle rest and bed; and Fig. 31, a plan of the same, representing a lathe
for turning shafts and like articles according to the sixth part of our Invention.
a is the bed; b may be termed the fast headstock; b¹, the loose headstock. Each
headstock carries a face plate C, which rotates on the projecting end of the head-
stock, as shown, and each face plate is toothed to gear with a spur wheel C¹ on a
stud secured in or carried by the headstock, which stud is arranged with a handle C³,
so that the wheel may be brought in and out of gear with the face plate when
required; this wheel C¹ on the stud gears with a pinion on the driving shaft d,
which passes lengthway of the bed (as shown) in suitable bearings. One of the
supporting bearings d¹ of this shaft is of the "tumbler" kind, being arranged on
arms like a parallel ruler under the shaft, and is held by a pendulum weight forming
the continuation of one of the arms, so that when the slide saddle is passing this
bearing the pendulum weight d* permits it to be pushed on one side in a well known
manner, the pendulum weight bringing back the bearing to its proper supporting
position when the saddle bas passed clear. e is the saddle for the tools; it can be
moved to and fro on the bed by hand by means of a pinion on a shaft f, having
bearings in a bracket or projection from the saddle, which pinion gears with a
toothed rack a¹ along the bed, and the saddle is slided, self-acting by a worm d²,
which slides on and is connected with the shaft d in the ordinary manner, gearing
with a wheel g₁ on the cross shaft g* in the saddle, which has wheels that gear
with the short shaft f in the ordinary manner. The saddle carries a central stay h
for the shaft to be turned, and in front there are two slides e¹ and e2, as shown, for
two tools e³ and e*, one on each side of the central stay h, each slide being separately
adjusted, as shown, and on the back side there may be one or two similar tool
slides es for reversed tool or tools e, so that there may be two roughing and one or
two finishing tools, as desired.
Fig. 32 (Sheet 1) is a side, and Fig. 33 a plan or edge view of our improved
guages. The back of the guage a is drilled and tapped for a screw b, which is
conical near the head, as shown; then a narrow slit is sawn across the hole for the
screw, so that by tightening the screw the jaws of the guage will be brought towards
each other when the guage has worn too large.
We have now particularly described the nature of our Invention, and the mode
of carrying it into effect, and claim as our Invention,―
Firstly. The combination, arrangement, and construction of carriers, hangers,
pedestals, and bearings for shafting, substantially as herein-before described and
illustrated by Figs. 1 to 9 inclusive of the Drawings.
Secondly. The construction and combination and arrangement of top driving
apparatus, as herein-before described and illustrated by Figs. 10 to 16 of the
Drawings, and the arrangement for actuating the belt guide by two ropes, cords,
or chains, as herein-before described and illustrated by Figs. 17, 18, and 19 of the
Drawings.
Thirdly. The mode of making pulleys into halves, as herein-before described
and illustrated by the Drawings.
Fourthly. The construction of couplings and combined pulleys, as described and
illustrated by the Drawings.
Fifthly. The use of a ✓ on a slide, or pulleys on arms, substantially as describod,
for centering shafts, and the combination and arrangement of lathe bed, head-
stocks, and mode of driving the shaft for centering, substantially as herein-before
described and illustrated by the Drawings.
Sixthly. The combination and arrangement of a lathe bed and two headstocks,
either of which can drive the shaft to be turned, and a slide carriage with tools, so
that the shaft can be turned or slided from end to end without having to be

page_text: taken from the lathe centres until complete, as described and illustrated by the
Drawings.
Seventhly. The construction of guages, as herein-before described and illustrated
by the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Ford Smith, on my own behalf and on
behalf of the said Arthur Coventry, have hereunto set my hand and seal,
this Sixteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-seven.
W. FORD SMITH. (LS.)