Improvements in the Manufacture of Ordinary and of Waterproof Papers and Boards.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Aug., 1883
Complete Specification Left, 22nd June, 1888-Accepted, 27th July, 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Ordinary and of Waterproof
Papers and Boards.
I, CHARLES WEYGANG, of No. 7 Hermitage Villas, Child's Hill, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows
--
In carrying this invention into practice I take a light porous substance, such as
ligneous meal, wood pulp or moss peat; or, a porous fibrous substance, such as old
papers or other paper pulp material; or, for some purposes a mineral, such as gypsum.
Such substances I saturate with a starchy or gummy matter and employ the saturated
materials as sizing for paper by adding a certain proportion, varying according to the
strength of the starchy or gummy matter and the degree of sizing required, to the
paper-pulp in the heating engine. I also employ an acid or acid salt or similar agent
to act upon the sizing substances.
For the purpose of this invention I may employ a variety of farinaceous and
gummy substances, but more particularly the gummy liquid produced by boiling peat
in the process described in my specification No. 12,159/8; also ordinary starch
which I prefer to dissolve with an alkali in a similar manner as described in my
specification No. 7904; also the gummy liquid resulting from the boiling of fibrous
materials in paper-making.
In combination with the above I may use resinous or fatty sizes, thus, in the case of
ligneous meal saturated with starch, a little ordinary rosin size may be added to the
paper pulp first; or, if paper with a high surface is required, a little soap size may bo
used.
For the purpose of making a waterproof paper I employ the peat liquor already
referred to and I saturate with this liquor preferably raw peat for this purpose; or I
employ the whole of the boiled peat with its liquor and mix it in any convenient way
with raw peat and combine it with ordinary paper pulp in the beating engine, employing
preferably an aluminous salt to act upon the sizing matter.
In employing raw peat for any purpose I generally prefer to grind the same in any
suitable mill, such as edgerunners, before adding it to the paper pulp in the beating
engine.
1
1000
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Ordinary and of Waterproof
Papers and Boards.
I, CHARLES WEYGANG of No. 7 Hermitage Villas, Child's Hill, in the County of
Middlesex Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
In carrying this invention into practice I take a light porous substance, such as
ligneous meal or peat moss; or a porous fibrous substance, such as wood pulp or old
papers. Such substances 1 saturate with a starchy, gummy or other glutinous or
sizing matter and I employ the saturated substances as sizing materials for paper,
boards and the like, by adding a certain proportion, varying according to the strength
of the sizing matter and the degree of sizing required, to the paper pulp in the
beating engine or other equivalent mixing apparatus. I also employ an acid or acid
salt or other suitable agent to act upon the sizing substances.

page_text: For the purpose of this invention I may employ a variety of farinaceous, gummy
or glutinons substances, but more particularly starch or flour; the gummy matter
produced by boiling peat with an alkali; also sizings prepared from oils and resins,
more particularly the oil size referred to in my specification No. 5585/85.
The saturating meterials most generally employed are starch and peat and in
combination with these I may employ resinous or fatty sizes. The starch being the
most expensive is mainly employed in cases where the dark color of the peat would be
.objectionable. The peat, producing a dark color, can only be employed for
corresponding purposes.
In carrying the invention into practice I proceed as follows:
In the case of starch or flour I prefer to prepare the same in the manner as
described in my specification No. 7904, that is to say: I take starch or flour and
mix it with a large bulk of water a proportion of 20 lbs. of starch to about
40 gallons of water answering very well. I add a solution of caustic soda until the
mass thickens. This viscid mass I then boil for one hour or thereabouts until it
assumes a more fluid condition and I then incorporate it with as much of a porous
material, such as wood flour, peat, wood pulp or the like, as will take up the fluid.
Wood flour is a convenient porous material for the purpose and I saturate it with the
liquid starch in any convenient way either by simply stirring it into the prepared
starch until the mass becomes too stiff to move-or by mixing it in any suitable
mechanical mixing apparatus, such as by grinding it in edge runners. I then add of
this mixture a certain proportion to ordinary paper pulp according to the hardnors
desirable. Proportions of 20 to 40 lbs. of ry starch to 500 lbs. of paper pulp
(dry weight) being the most useful. I mix the starchy mass with the pulp in the
beater and can proceed in all respects in the customary way of the papermaker-that
is to say add all ingredients, minerals, rosin, alum, etc., to the pulp in the ordinary
way and towards the finish of the beating 1 add the aforesaid starchy mass.
proceed as in the before mentioned specification No. 7904/80 and, instead of adding
the precipitating agent before the starch, I add it at the last moment that is to say:
the starchy mass is mixed with the pulp towards the finish of the boating and when
the beating is finished the roll of the beater is raised and an acid salt, such as alum
is added until the water of the pulp clears.
Or I
Rosin size may be employed in combination with the above to give greater
impermeability to the material to be produced. This size may be employed in the
ordinary proportions customary in papermaking, as already mentioned, and it is always
preferable to add it to the pulp before the addition of the starchy mass.
In some cases, instead of employing the plain starch as above described for
saturating, I mix it in the course of the boiling with a saponaceous substance, such as
soap, in variable proportions, but more generally from one third to one half of soap to
starch. This is more particularly employed when the material to be produced is to
have more or less gloss, or for the purpose of preventing stickiness on the paper-
machine.
I have referred to other substances besides woodflour for the purposes herein
described, such as woodpulp. This being of a hard and compact nature cannot be
simply mixed with the fluid starch but requires a strong disintegrating action. For
this purpose the wood pulp is soaked in the prepared starch and then subjected to a
snitable disintegrating operation, such as in the ordinary edgerunners, further
quantities of the prepared starch being added during this pulping operation as the
circumstances may require. The resulting pulpy mass is employed in the same way
as the before mentioned wood flour. This method is also advantageous when light
spongey peat is employed as the material to take up the size.
It is of course understood that in other respects-that is in the further process of
making the pulp into paper, boards, etc., the manipulations are the ordinary. For the
purpose of making an ordinary paper or board of a more or less waterproof character,
I saturate raw peat or mix it in any convenient way with the gummy mass produced
by boiling peat with an alkali, and I use this mixture with ordinary paper pulp in
variable proportions according to the quality and the nature of the material to be

page_text: produced. A convenient way of proceeding for this purpose is as follows: I boil peat,
preferably the light spongey quality, in water with an alkali, preferably caustic soda,
employing about 15% of the latter to the weight of the peat. I do not, however,
confine myself to any particular proportions as the quality or nature of the peat varies
considerably as well as the nature of the water and more or less may be used
according to circumstances. I prefer to boil the peat under pressure and at about
20 10 25 lbs. for about six hours.
To a certain quantity of ordinary paper stock in the beating engine I add from one
fourth to three fourths of raw peat of the light spongey variety, according to the
nature and quality of the material to be produced. The larger the quantity of peat
used the lower will be the resulting material. I then add to this mixed pulp in the
beater from 12 to 30% of the boiled peat referred to (reckoning dry weight) according
to the hardness and impermeability desired in the material to be produced. The
larger the quantity of boiled peat employed the harder and more impermeable the
resulting material will be. I beat the whole off together and I also add an acid salt,
using a salt of alumina almost without exception and preferably in the same manner
as described in my specifications No. 7904/88 and No. 12159/ that is to say - add
the aluminous salt at the end of the beating untit the water in the beater becomes
clear or nearly so; showing that all matter in solution is precipitated. In addition
I may also employ a small quantity of starch prepared with an alkali as described
in my specification No. 7904/. This prepared starch 1 can add almost at any
stage during the time the stuff is in the beater, but preferably towards the finish of
the beating, proceeding in all respects as before described. Or I add the starch at the
final moment and after all ingredients have been added to the pulp. The quantity of
starch employed may vary considerably, but the most useful proportions are between
7 and 14 lbs. to a 500 lbs. engine.
Instead of incorporating the raw peat with the boiled peat in the beating engine as
described can with great advantage grind and mix the two in edge runners and then
simply inix the mass with the other stuff in the beater, proceeding in all respects as
before described. It is of course understood that the resulting paper pulp is made
into boards or paper in the ordinary way.
In the case of sizings prepared from resins and oils I more particularly refer to the
size made from oxidized oil as described in my specification No. 5585, and I proceed
as follows take the preparod oil size referred to, diluted with water to an extent
depending upon the amount of size to be incorporated with the material to be
produced. The degrees of solution most suitable are about 3 to 4 parts of water to
one part of raw oil and rosin-that is to say: the weight of the rosin and oil before
they are brought into solution by, boiling with an alkali. I mix the diluted size,
preferably in a hot condition, with any suitable porous substance, preferably wood flour,
or the light spongey peat, until the liquid has all been taken up. In the case of
saturated peat it is advantageous to grind the same in edge runners.
Of the saturated
mass I add a certain proportion to ordinary paper pulp in the beating engine,
according to the circumstances, but more generally proportions varying from
25 to 50 lbs. of dry porous material for every 100 lbs. of dry paper pulp. Of course.
it is understood that the greater the amount of non-fibrous matter mixed with the
paper pulp the loss strong the resulting material will be. I also add an agent or
agents to neutralize the alkali in the sizing and to fix the latter and I prefer to employ
for this purpose a salt of chromium in conjunction with another metallic salt; or a
nitrogenous salt or salt of ammonia. I prefer to employ these agents in the following
manner either add the fixing agents or one of them to the paper pulp previous to
the addition of the sizing matter; or I can mix the fixing agents or one of them with
the sizing matter. I prefer the former method and I proceed, for instance, as follows:
I add to the paper pulp in the beater about 3 lbs. of bichromate of potash for every
100 lbs. of dry pulp and when this is thoroughly mixed and dissolve. I introduce the
sizing matter and after thoroughly mixing the latter add about 7 lbs. of iron
sulphate for every 100 lbs. of dry paper pulp. I may add the iron sulphate soon after

page_text: .
the addition of the sizing matter, but I prefer to add it at the finish or towards the
finish of the beating..
The pulp is made into hoards or paper in the ordinary way but when an oil is
employed which requires setting, the manufactured paper or board has to be exposed
to the atmosphere until the oil has set. This takes from a few hours to a few days
according to the thickness of the material. The practical manufacturer can ascertain
from the tear of the material whether the size has set or not. In the former case the
material feels firm and tears with a crispness, whereas if the size has not set the
material tears soft.
Material prepared with such a resinous-oil size possesses higher waterproof
properties than that made by the before described peat method and is therefore
applicable to more special purposes, such as for roofing and building purposes.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I claim :
1st. The application of a porous material saturated with any gummy, adhesive,
glutinous or other sizing matter, for the purpose of a sizing or binding agent in the
manufacture of paper, boards, or the like substantially as herein described.
2nd. The manufacture of paper, boards or the like by employing raw peal saturated
or otherwise mixed with peat boiled with an alkali substantially as herein described.
Dated this 23rd day of May 1889.
CHARLES WEYGANG.