Improvements in Apparatus for Breaking, Crushing, or Pounding Stone, Flint, and other Friable Material.
Year: 1898

page_text: Improvements in Apparatus for Breaking, Crushing, or Pounding
Stone, Flint, and other Friable Material.
I, HENRY CHARLES NORMAN, of The Bays, Crawley Down, in the County of
Sussex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:
This invention relates more especially to apparatus for breaking, crushing, or
pounding, stone, flint, and other friable material in order to produce grit for the
use of poultry, but it is also applicable to apparatus used for crushing or pounding
more or less friable materials for other purposes.
For the purposes of my invention I employ a base of cast iron, cast steel or
other suitable hard material which forms a kind of mortar or anvil in or on
which the material to be broken, crushed, or pounded, is placed. This base may
he of circular or any other suitable shape and is surrounded by a casing of
corresponding shape which may extend up to any distance above the top of the
base. This base is preferably formed as a mortar by having formed in its upper
side a recess or hollow of step-like section. A pestle made of cast iron, cast
steel, or other suitable material, is fitted loosely into the aforesaid casing so that
it can be easily moved up and down therein, its lower face being shaped to fit
more or less loosely into the step-like recess or hollow in the base. This pestle is
provided with a handle extending up beyond the top of the casing by means of
which it can be raised to enable the breaking, crushing, or pounding, action to
be affected.
It will now be understood that the pestle being raised out of the casing, a
suitable quantity of the material to be crushed or pounded is introduced into
the casing and falls on the miortar or anvil. The pestle is then introduced and
worked up and down like a rammer or stamper, breaking, crushing, or pounding,
the material between itself and the mortar or anvil. When the material is
sufficiently broken, crushed, or pounded, the pestle is removed, the casing lifted
off the base, and the broken, crushed, or pounded, material removed. Then
the casing is replaced, more material inserted, then the pestle, and the operation
is repeated, and so on.
It will be seen that the casing is an important feature in the above described
arrangements, because it avoids waste or time, labour, and material.
0
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page_text: Improvements in Apparatus for Breaking, Crushing, or Pounding
Stone, Flint, and other Friable Material.
I, HENRY CHARLES NORMAN, of The Bays, Crawley Down, in the County of
Sussex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:
This invention relates more especially to apparatus for breaking, crushing, or
pounding, stone, flint, or other friable material, in order to produce grit for the
use of poultry, but it is also applicable to apparatus used for crushing or pounding
more or less friable materials for other purposes.
In the accompanying drawings Figure 1 is a plan, and Figure 2 a transverse
vertical section on the line of Figure 1; of an apparatus constructed in
accordance with my invention. A is a base of cast iron, cast steel, or other
suitable hard material, which forms a kind of mortar or anvil in or on which
the material to be crushed, broken, or pounded, is placed. This base A may be
circular as shewn, or of any other suitable shape, and is surrounded by a casing B
of corresponding shape which may extend up to any convenient distance above
the top of the base A. This base may be provided with lugs or flanges C with
holes to receive bolts or screws by which it may be held down to any desired
timber or other foundation. The base A is preferably formed as a mortar by
having formed in its upper side a recess or hollow E of step-like section, as seen
clearly in Figure 2. Or the recess or hollow E may be furnished with projections,
ridges, or corrugations, or may in some cases be quite plain and smooth. A pestle F
made of cast iron, cast steel, or other suitable material, is fitted loosely into the
casing B, so that it can be easily moved up and down therein, its lower face G being
preferably shaped to fit more or less loosely into the step-like or other shaped recess
or hollow E in the base A. Or the lower face G of the pestle F may be plain or
smooth if desired, and may correspond or not as preferred with the conformation
of the recess or hollow E. This pestle F is provided with a handle, as in Figure 2
for example, of any convenient shape extending up beyond the top of the casing B,
by means of which it can be raised to enable the breaking, crushing, or pounding,
action to be effected.
rammer or
It will now be understood that the pestle F being raised out of the casing. B,
a suitable quantity of the material to be crushed or pounded is introduced into
the casing B, and falls on to the mortar or anvil formed in or on the base A.
The pestle F is then introduced and worked up and down like a
stamper, breaking, crushing, or pounding, the material between itself and the
mortar or anvil. When the material is sufficiently broken, crushed or pounded,
the pestle F is removed, the casing B lifted off the base A, and the broken,
crushed, or pounded, material removed. The casing B is then replaced, more
material inserted, then the pestle F, and the operation is repeated, and so on.
It will be seen that the casing B is an important feature in the above described
arrangements, because it avoids waste of time, labour, and materials.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:―
First. In apparatus for breaking, crushing or pounding stone, flint, or other
friable material, surrounding the mortar, anvil, or other surface between which
and the pestle the material is broken, crushed, or pounded, with a casing extend-

page_text: ing upwards towards the handle of the pestle, substantially as described with
reference to the drawings.
Second. In apparatus for breaking, crushing or pounding stone, flint, or other
friable material, the combination of the mortar or anvil A and pestle F, with the
casing B, substantially as described with reference to the drawings, and for the
purpose specified.
Third. The improved apparatus for breaking, crushing, or pounding, stone,
flint, or other friable material, combined, arranged, and operating, substantially
as described with reference to the drawings.
Dated this 4th day of April 1899.
H. C. NORMAN.
Per W. H. Beck,
Agent, 115, Cannon Street, London, E.C.