IMPROVEMENTS IN MORTISING MACHINES, AND IN A CUTTING BIT TO BE USED THEREWITH.
Year: 1877

page_text: "
LETTERS PATENT to Ernest de Pass, of Fleet Chambers, 68, Fleet Street, in
the City of London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MORTISING MACHINES, AND IN A CUTTING BIT TO BE USED THEREWITH.' A
communication from abroad by Henry Carter, of Aylmer, Ontario, in the
Dominion of Canada, Blocksmith, and Daniel Stewart, of the same Place,
Gentleman.
Sealed the 27th October 1877, and dated the 26th June 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ernest de Pass at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th June 1877.
"6
ERNEST DE PASS, of Fleet Chambers, 68, Fleet Street, in the City of London,
Patent Agent.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MORTISING MACHINES, AND IN A CUTTING BIT
TO BE USED THEREWITII." A communication from abroad by Henry Carter, of
Aylmer, Ontario, in the Dominion of Canada, Blocksmith, and Daniel Stewart, of
the same Place, Gentleman.
This Invention has for its object to cut mortises by a vertical bit, rotating to and
fro, of the length of the mortise to be cut, and boring vertically to a limited extent
at each change of lateral.cut, the chips falling from the mortise as soon as they are
cut, and it consists,―
Firstly. In a gate having vertical movement and a frame having horizontal
movement carrying a rotary bit holder, whereby the bit in the same is caused to
bore vertically to a limited extent, and then by movement of the frame to cut
horizontally the mortise from end to end laterally, until the depth of the mortise
is attained, by a to-and-fro motion.
Secondly. In the said gate being operated by a pivoted frame having connection
with a double ratchet bar, and a pawl to give it vertical movement step by step,
and a revolving bit holder, to which a horizontal movement is given by a rack and
pinion operated by a rocking shaft having adjustable calipers engaging with the
pawl, whereby a vertical movement is given to the gate, alternating with a hori-
zontal movement imparted to the bit holder for cutting a mortise, first, by the
penetrating action of the bit, and secondly, by its lateral cut intermittently to and
fro in the mortise to the length and depth required.

page_text: Thirdly. In the said gate being connected to a pivoted frame having a weighted
arm connected to a sliding double ratchet bar on a fixed frame, having a rocking
shaft provided with adjustable calipers engaging with a pawl on said frame and
within the ratchet bar, whereby, by a rocking motion of the shaft, the gate is
elevated step by step.
Fourthly. In combination with a gate actuated and operating (as set forth) a
rotary bit holder, having horizontal motion imparted thereto by a rack bar on a
frame carrying the bit holder, and a pinion on a rocking shaft actuating the ratchet
and pawl, whereby a to-and-fro motion is given to the bit holder between cach
intermittent motion of the gate vertically.
And, Fifthly. In a circular head boring and slotting bit having a vertical and
horizontal curved cutting edge, and opposite thereto a chisel-edged spur to score
previous to the removal of the chip by the cutter.
The machine is composed of a frame, on which is mounted a table or platform
for carrying the material to be mortised, such material being placed between an
adjustable guide bar and a cain for clamping it. Slides on the top of the table
gauge the adjustment of the material to the longitudinal position required, and the
gate is caused to slide vertically by means of strips, bars, or guides secured to the
frame of the machine. A. tilting frame pivoted to the ends of the machine, and
connected by stirrups to the lower part of the gate, has a projecting arm which
carries a counterbalance weight. On a frame which is caused to slide horizontally
on the upper and lower race or tie bars of the machine is mounted a hollow shaft
carrying a drum or roller for driving the machine by means of a strap or belt
passed around it, and this shaft encloses the bit holder, which is so contrived as to
rotate in a slide. box on the lower rail of the gate. A projection on the hollow
shaft engages in a longitudinal slot or groove in the bit holder, whereby it slides
vertically by the motion of the gate, and rotates by the motion of the drum and
shaft.
On a plate fixed to the main frame of the machine a double ratchet bar, connected
with the arm of the tilting frame of the gate, is caused to slide vertically by means
of another arm secured to the bar and a connecting rod attached to a slide box on
the arm of the tilting frame. A pawl pivoted to this plate engages with the
ratchets of the double ratchet bar, and is vibrated by calipers fixed on a rocking
shaft. When this shaft is rocked by its handle it causes the ratchet bar to drop step
by step, and allows of the depression of the weighted arm, thus lifting the gate and
elevating the bit holder and boring bit, and causing the latter to penetrate the
material to be mortised.
On the rocking shaft is a cog pinion in gear with a rack bar for operating the
frame carrying the drum, and causing the bit to cut laterally and with a to-and-fro
motion in the mortise, to the extent of the required depth of mortise.
.
The calipers are held adjustably on the rocking shaft by a nut and collar, and
they are set to any desired extension to operate the pawl, to allow the pinion
sufficient rotation to move the frame carrying the drum to the distance corresponding
to the length of the mortise to be cut.
By the bit boring upwardly the chips cut fall from the mortise, and hence leaves-
the mortise clear to the cutting action of the bit, either vertically or horizontally.
After each mortise has been cut the ratchet bar will have fallen to the distance
corresponding to the depth of the mortise; it is then slid upwardly by hand before
commencing another cut.
The boring bit screws into the top of the bit. holder, which is provided with a
screw socket for such purpose, and the head of the hollow shaft is fitted with a
screw cap having a central aperture through which to pass the bit, the object of
such screw cap being to assist in steadying small bits.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Ernest de Pass in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 17th November
1877.
ERNEST DE PASS, of Fleet Chambers, 68, Fleet Street, in the City of London,
Patent Agent.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MORTISING MACHINES, AND IN A CUTTING BIT
TO BE USED THEREWITH." A communication from abroad by Henry Carter, of
Aylmer, Ontario, in the Dominion of Canada, Blocksmith, and Daniel Stewart, of
the same Place, Gentleman.
This Invention has for its object to cut mortises by a vertical bit, rotating to and
fro, of the length of the mortise to be cut, and boring vertically to a limited extent
at each change of lateral cut, the chips falling from the mortise so soon as they are
cut, and it consists,―
Firstly, In a gate having vertical movement and a frame having horizontal
movement carrying a rotary bit holder, whereby the bit in the same is caused to
bore vertically to a limited extent, and then by movement of the frame to cut
horizontally the mortise from end to end laterally, until the depth of the mortise is
attained, by a to-and-fro motion.
Secondly. In the said gate being operated by a pivoted frame having connection
with a double ratchet bar, and a pawl to give it vertical movement step by step,
and a revolving bit holder, to which a horizontal movement is given by a rack and
pinion operated by a rock shaft having adjustable calipers engaging with the
pawl, whereby a vertical movement is given to the gate, alternating with a hori-
zontal movement imparted to the bit holder for cutting a mortise, first, by the
penetrating action of the bit, and secondly, by its lateral cut intermittently to and
fro in the mortise to the length and depth required.
Thirdly. In the said gate being connected to a pivoted frame having a weighted
arm connected to a sliding double ratchet bar on a fixed frame, having a rock shaft
provided with adjustable calipers engaging with a pawl on said frame and within
the ratchet bar, whereby, by a rocking motion of the shaft, the gate is elevated step
by step.
Fourthly. In a mortising machine in combination with a gate actuated and
operating as set forth, a rotary bit holder, having a horizontal motion imparted
thereto by a rack bar on a frame carrying the bit holder, and a pinion on a rock shaft
actuating the ratchet and pawl, wherby a to-and-fro motion is given to the bit
holder between each intermittent motion of the gate vertically.
Fifthly. In a circular head-boring and slotting bit having a vertical and horizontal
curved cutting edge, and opposite thereto a chisel-edged spur to score previous to the
removal of the chip by the cutter.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS,
Figure 1 is a perspective view of my mortising machine.
Figure 2 is a transverse section of the bit-holding frame.
Figure 3 is a longitudinal section of the bit holder.
Figure 4 is a perspective view of the cutting bit.
A is the table of the machine, on which the material to be mortised is placed
between an adjustable guide bar a and a cam B for clamping the same; b are
slides on the top of the table to gauge the adjustment of the material to the
longitudinal position required; C is the gate retained to slide vertically by strips C

page_text: secured to the ends of the frame of the machine, and to said frame F is attached a
hollow shaft G provided with a belt drum H, by which the machine is driven by
means of a belt. The shaft G encloses the. bit holder J, which is stepped to rotate
in a slide box I bearing on the lower rail of the gate C. The shaft G has a pro-
jection ⁄ engaging in a longitudinal slot or groove g in the bit holder J, whereby it
slides vertically by the motion of the gate, and rotates by the motion of the drum H
and shaft G.
K is a plate fixed to the main frame of the machine, on which plate slides
vertically a double ratchet bar L having connection with the arm e of the frame D
of the gate C by means of an arm & secured to the bar and a connecting rod m
attached to a slide box on the arm e; n is a pawl pivoted to the plate K to engage
with the ratchets of the bar L, and which pawl is vibrated by calipers o on a rock
shaft p, when said shaft is rocked by its handle r, which rocking has the effect of
causing the ratchet bar to drop step by step and allow of the depression of the
weighted arm e, thus lifting the gate C and elevating the bit holder and boring bit;
and causing the latter to penetrate the material to be mortised.
On the rock shaft p is a cog pinion q, which meshes with a rack bar S for
operating the frame F horizontally to the required length of the mortise inter-
mittently with the penetrating action of the boring bit, thus causing the bit to cut
laterally, and with a to-and-fro motion in the mortise to the extent of the required.
depth of mortise.
The calipers are held adjustably on the rock shaft by a nut and collar, and thoy.
are set to any desired extension to operate the pawl, to allow the pinion sufficient
rotation to move the frame F to the distance corresponding to the length of the
mortise to be cut.
By the bit boring upwardly the chips cut fall from the mortise, and hence leaves
the mortise clear to the cutting action of the bit, either vertically or horizontally.
After each mortise has been cut the ratchet bar will have fallen to the distance
corresponding to the depth of the mortise; it is then slid upwardly by hand before
commencing another cut.
The boring bit screws into the top of the bit holder, which is provided with a
screw socket t for such purpose, and the lead of the shaft G is fitted with a screw
cap u having a central aperture through which to pass the bit, the object of such
screw.cap being to assist in steadying small bits.
4
The bit for slotting and boring is shown in Figure 4, V being a circular head
integral with the shank, and having a cutting edge horizontally and vertically on
the cutter W, and the spur a having a chisel edge which scores the wood previous
to the action of the cutter.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same may be performed, I declare that I claim,--
First. In a mortising machine a gate C having vertical movement and a frame F
having horizontal movement, cach alternately operating a rotary bit holder J,
whereby the bit is caused to bore vertically and cut horizontally intermittently with
its penetration, as set forth, for cutting a mortise.
Second. In combination with a bit holder in a frame F; moving horizontally, a
gate C, connected to a tilting frame D, operated by rod connection m with a ratchet
bar L, pawl n, and rock shaft provided with adjustable calipers o, whereby the
gate is dropped step by step intermittently with the horizontal movement of the
frame F, as set forth.
:.
Third. In combination with a gate C having an intermittent motion vertically, a
frame F, carrying a rotary bit holder J, having reciprocal motion horizontally,
operated by a rock shaft p, pinion q, and rack bar S, as set forth, whereby the frame
is moved horizontally at each intermittent motion of the gate, as described.
Fourth. In combination with the frame F having horizontal motion, and the
gate Chaving vertical motion, the hollow shaft G provided with belt drum H, and
enclosing a bit holder J, having sliding motion therein, by means of the slot
projection, as set forth.
and

page_text: Fifth. The boring bit constructed of the head V, having the vertical and hori-
zontal cutter W and spur x for use with the machine, as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Ernest de Pass, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Sixteenth day of November, in the year One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-seven.
Witness,
H. MAUTHÉ,
68, Fleet Street,
London.
ERNEST DE PASS. (L.S.)