IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRINGS FOR PISTONS AND OTHER PURPOSES."
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Buckley, of Sheffield, in the County of York,
Engineer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRINGS FOR PISTONS
AND OTHER PURPOSES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Buckley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd July 1881.
WILLIAM BUCKLEY, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Engineer.
MENTS IN SPRINGS FOR PISTONS AND OTHER PURPOSES."
"IMPROVE-
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of springs for
pistons, pumps, steain hammers, stuffing boxes, and for other purposes where either
a compressing or a distending action is required, the special object being the
production of such springs so as to combine the following important features,
namely, simplicity of construction, great elasticity, durability, strength, and
efficiency of action, together with economy of cost, and of space occupied when in
position.
The improved spring may be made of steel, brass, copper, or of other suitable
metals or material, and may be formed by being coiled round a bar or mandril of a
square, round, flat, oval, triangular, or other suitable section, or by any other
suitable method of manipulation which will produce the hereinafter described
conformation of spring.
According to one method I bend or coil a wire or rod of steel or other material
of a square, round, oval, or other suitable section round a bar or mandril of any
desired section in such a manner as that each succeeding coil lies on the top of or
around the preceding one, and having formed the required number of coils I force the
inner coils from their position in such a manner as that the innermost coil stands
higher than the rest, and each succeeding outer coil a little lower, thereby forming
Each spring may be
a strong and elastic spring in the form of a pyramid or cone.
made singly and separate from the others, and may be connected together by any
suitable means, or any number of springs may be made continuous from one rod of
steel or other material.

page_text: By another method I bend or coil the wire or rod of steel or other material in
such a manner as to make the spring in the form of a double pyramid or cone, and it
may be so formed that the small coils are either inside or outside of the spring thus
formed. Two of the single cone springs may be placed together to act in the same
manner as a double cone spring.
The springs thus formed are placed inside the packing ring or rings of pistons,
pumps, or steam-hammers, and are very effective in distending the same, ensuring
a steam-tight fit with the minimum amount of friction, and one great advantage
possessed by these springs is, that when in position they occupy less space than
any known spring, and are therefore especially adapted for those cases where from
necessity or otherwise there is little space for the spring.
These springs may be used with rings that have bevilled or curved internal
surfaces, or with rings having plain surfaces, or with those having a flange.
For stuffing-boxes the spring is placed round a metallic packing which encircles
the piston-rod, making a steam-tight joint with the minimum of friction.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Buckley in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st January
1882.
WILLIAM BUCKLEY, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SPRINGS FOR PISTONS AND OTHER PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of springs for pistons,
pumps, steam-hammers, stuffing-boxes, and for other purposes, where either com-
pressing or distending action is required, the especial object being the production
of such springs so as to combine the following important features, namely:
Simplicity of construction, great elasticity, durability, strength, and efficiency of
action, together with economy of cost and of space occupied when in position.
The improved springs may be formed by coiling a rod or wire of steel, brass,
copper, or other suitable material round a bar or mandril of a square, round, flat,
oval, triangular, or any desired section, the rod or wire being so manipulated as to
form a compound conical and helical, or a double conical, or a single conical
spring.
The double conical spring may be made with either the bases or the apices of
the cones contiguous, as in Figs. 1 and 2 respectively. The compound conical and
helical spring may be made with the helical part at one end. and the conical part
at the other, as in Fig. 3; or the helical part may be at the base and at the apex
of the cone, as in Fig. 4; or the helical part may be in the centre, and a conical
part at each end, as in Figs. 5 and 6. The single conical spring is illustrated in
various forms in Figs. 7 to 12.
The characteristic feature of springs constructed according to this Invention
consists in the conical and helical or conical form of the same, whether they be
compound helical and conical, or double conical or single conical, and it will there-
fore be apparent that in constructing springs according to this Invention the
conformation of the coils, the section of the rods or wire, the material of which
the spring is made, or the manner in which the material is manipulated so as to
produce the required forms, is altogether immaterial, being of course understood
that the springs may be made of steel, brass, or any other suitable material, and
may be of flat, round, oval, or triangular, or other suitable section, and may be coiled
round a bar or mandril of a round, flat, oval, triangular, or any other desired
section; or they may be cast or forged, or otherwise manipulated, so as to produce
either compound conical and helical, double conical, or single conical springs, my
present Invention having more particular reference to the peculiar conformations
of the springs, and to the use and application of such peculiarly formed springs for
the purposes hereinbefore specified than to any particular means or methods of
producing such springs.
On the accompanying Drawings the peculiarity of the Invention is distinctly
shewn, and it will be seen that whatever the form of the spring, be it square,
round, triangular, oval, oblong, or any other section, the principle of the Invention
is carried out. The Figures need no further description, being self-explanatory;
but in order that my Invention may be completely understood in every particular,
I will describe one of the various methods of manipulation by which the spring
may be formed.
For the conformation of spring delineated in Fig. 3 I coil a rod or wire of steel,
brass, or other material of a round section round a bar or mandril of a round section.
I then force the coil into the exact position required, and thus form a compound-
conical and helical spring, as represented.

page_text: The remainder of the Drawings illustrate some of the numerous forms in which
the improved springs may be made.
The springs thus formed are placed inside the packing ring or rings of pistons,
pumps, or steam hammers, and are very effective in distending the same, ensuring
a steam-tight fit with the minimum amount of friction; and one great advantage
possessed by these springs is, that when in position they occupy less space than
any known spring, and are therefore especially adapted for those cases where from
necessity or otherwise there is little space for the spring.
These springs may be used with rings that have bevilled or curved internal
surfaces, or with those having plain surfaces, or with those having a flange.
For stuffing-boxes the spring is placed around a metallic packing which encircles
the piston-rod, making a steam-tight joint with the minimum of friction.
Having now described the nature and object of my said Invention, together with
the manner in which the same is to be or may be performed or carried into practical
effect, would remark in conclusion that what I claim as the Invention secured to
me by the hereinbefore in part recited Letters Patent is,-
The manufacture of compound conical and helical, double conical, or single
conical springs, and the use and application of such peculiarly formed springs as
compensating packing for pistons, pumps, steam-hammers, stuffing-boxes, and other
analogous purposes, substantially as herein before described, and as illustrated on
the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Buckley, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Eighteenth day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty-two.
WILLIAM BUCKLEY. (L.S.)