IMPROVEMENTS IN WARMING AN "
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Ormson, of Stanley Bridge, Chelsea, in the
County of Middlesex, Horticultural Builder and Hot Water Appa-
ratus Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WARMING
AN
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Ormson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th May 1870.
I, HENRY ORMSON, of Stanley Bridge, Chelsea, in the County of
Middlesex, Horticultural Builder and Hot Water Apparatus Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN WARMING AND VENTILATING HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS AND OTHER
STRUCTURES," to be as follows :-

page_text: and other structures, and effecting the outflow of the overheated or
vitiated air therefrom, by means of improvements in the construction of
such buildings.
The apparatus for warming consists of a number of hot water
cylinders with cylindrical passage through the same, and in order to
bring fresh air into this passage one or more pipes are so placed as to
communicate with the outer air and with the passage, and such outer
air thus gets warmed by contact with the heated surface thereof, and
passes out into the building at the openings of such passage. The water
communication being effected throughout a number of the hot water
cylinders by means of one or more connection pipes, and the hot
water being introduced from a boiler at the end of the whole arrange-
ment of cylinders, or in other convenient position. The exit of the
vitiated air is provided for by means of hollow rafters or roof supports
which communicate with valve boxes and valves, or other arrangements,
whereby the immediate communication with the external atmosphere
may be regulated according to the temperature required in the building,
and that existing externally.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Ormson in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 14th November 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
ORMSON, of Stanley Bridge, Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex,
Horticultural Builder and Hot Water Apparatus Manufacturer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Henry Ormson, Her special licence that I,
the said Henry Ormson, my executors, administrators, and assigns,. or
such others as I, the said Henry Ormson, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the

page_text: "
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WARMING AND
VENTILATING HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS AND OTHER STRUCTURES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Henry Ormson, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Ormson, do hereby declare.
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :—
This Invention consists in the application of arrangements of appa-
ratus for introducing fresh warm air at the lower part of horticultural,
buildings and other structures, and effecting the outflow of the over-
heated or vitiated air therefrom by means of improvements in the
construction of such buildings.
The apparatus for warming consists of a number of hot water cylinders
with cylindrical passage through the same, and in order to bring fresh air
into this passage one or more pipes are so placed as to communicate
with the outer air and with the passage, and such outer air thus gets
warmed by contact with the heated surface thereof and passes out into
the building by the openings of such passages. The water communication
is effected throughout a number of the hot water cylinders by means of
one or more connecting pipes, and the hot water introduced from a
boiler at the end of the whole arrangement of cylinders or in other
convenient position. The exit of vitiated air is provided for by means
of hollow rafters or roof supports which communicate with valve boxes
and valves or other arrangements, whereby the immediate communi-
cation with the external atmosphere may be regulated according to
the temperature required in the building, and that existing externally.
Having thus particularly described the nature of the said Invention,
5 and incidentally generally described in what manner the same is to be
performed or put in practice, I will now proceed to particularly describe
and ascertain in what manner the same Invention is to be performed or

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1, perspective view of one of my cylinders; Fig. 2. view of parts
of cylinders attached together by connecting pipes; Fig. 3, section of
cylinder and of the pipe communicating with the external air; Fig. 4,
view of a cylinder with pipe communicating with the external air with
plan of valve, also showing the flow and return end for the water
circulation. Fig. 5 shows a system of cylinders, connecting pipes, and
appliances as adapted to a building or structure. Fig. 6, internal view:
of a horticultural structure with my warming apparatus applied thereto,
having also perforated hollow rafters and other adjuncts for facilitating
ventilation; Fig. 7, sectional view of hollow rafters and glazing bar.
A denotes the external surface of cylinder; B, air passage through the
same to obtain additional heating surface; C, C, C, C, are socket holes 1
for the reception of ends of connecting pipes. (In Fig. 1 one end of the
cylinder with the above arrangements is shown in full lines, and the
other end in dotted lines. The connecting pipes may be joined to the
cylinders by internal or external sockets being cast or moulded with the
cylinders, or they may be drilled and tapped, and the connecting pipes
attached by thread joints. D, pipe for connecting with atmosphere;
E denotes connecting pipes, and × denotes socket pieces or unions for
securing same in position; F denotes the valve for the pipe for the
external atmosphere to regulate the amount of air; G denotes the socket
for the flow and return pipe; G* denotes the flow and return pipe. The 2
end of that cylinder to which the flow and return pipe is connected is
conically formed, as shown at Fig. 4, and at one cylinder in Fig. 5. Thus
any suitable number of cylinders, connecting pipes, and appliances may
be used to form a system for warming any building or structure, as may
be desired. H (Figs. 6 and 7) denotes the hollow rafters with perforations a
in metal or other substance forming the under surface thereof; H* the
hollow passage of the rafter; I denotes air chamber in wall of building
with which the hollow passages of the rafters communicate. This system
of ventilation may, however, be applied to other forms of roofs and
buildings than that shown, and may be modified in accordance with such 3
forms. The parts of the building not mentioned being of the ordinary
type will be understood without specific description.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and in what manner the same may be performed, I hereby
declare that I claim the "Improvements in Warming and Ventilating
Horticultural Buildings and other Structures" by means of the warming
apparatus and of the ventilating arrangements herein-before described
and illustrated by the Drawings. It being understood that the cylinders
and other parts of the apparatus may be made of metal, earthenware, or
other substance, as may be found convenient, and that the cylinders
may be of circular or oval cross section, or hollow prismatic ducts may
be substituted for the cylinders.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Ormson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
HENRY ORMSON. (L.S.)
Witness,
THOMAS MORGAN,
Secretary,
Inventors' Patent Right Association, Limited,
21, Cockspur Street, S.W.