Improvements in or connected with Brakes for Machinery used on Board Ship for Lowering Heavy Weights and Paying Out Chains and Ropes.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd June, 1891
Complete Specification Left, 22nd Mar., 1892-Accepted, 30th Apr., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Brakes for Machinery used on
Board Ship for Lowering Heavy Weights and Paying Out Chains
and Ropes.
1. CHARLES JAMES Fox, of 25, Balls Road, Claughton, Cheshire, Master
Mariner, Retired, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention has reference to brakes for regulating and controlling the speed of
machinery used on ship board for lowering heavy weights and paying ont chains
and ropes.
In carrying out my invention I use a cylinder piston & piston-rod similar to
those in ordinary use on steam, hydraulic and other engines for driving purposes,
and apply them to engines, for holding purposes, in a similar manner to those
applied to the same engines for driving purposes.
In the further carrying out of my invention I close the ordinary apertures for
the admission of the motive power and connect the chambers of the cylinder,
divided by the piston, by means of a pipe tube or passage, and I attach to this
passage a valve, cock or tap, by which I can close it completely or regulate the
flow through it up to its whole capacity, at will.
Having described the construction I now proceed to illustrate the opperation of
this my invention.
1 first fill the cylinder with a non-compressible or compression resisting fluid or
gaseous element or mixture such as water, oil, air gas &c., and pack all joints so as
to effectually prevent its escape from the cylinder or from chamber to chamber
excepting through the tube or passage and valve, at the will of the operator.
When this valve is completely closed it is evident the piston cannot be moved
from end to end of the cylinder, as it will be opposed by the imprisoned fluid or gas,
and that if the stroke of the piston-rod, required to allow the attached machinery
to revolve to greater than the amount of play the piston can acquire by compression
or otherwise the machinery will be effectually prevented from revolving, up to the
breaking strain of the weakest part employed; and it is also evident that if the
valve be opened the fluid under pressure will escape through it into the opposite
chamber, thus permitting the piston to travel and the machinery to revolve.
It is also evident that the wider the passage is opened the quicker the strokes
of the piston will be, within certain scientific limits; and that by the application of
this invention the speed of an engine can be regulated or its motion completely
stopped in opposition to any motive power, up to the breaking strain of the weakest
part employed.
D
1001
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON, Fellows Chartered Inst. P.A.,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Applicant's Patent Agents.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Brakes for Machinery used on
Board Ship for Lowering Heavy Weights and Paying Out Chains
and Ropes.
I, CHARLES JAMES Fox, of 25, Balls Road, Claughton, Cheshire, Master
Mariner, Retired, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My invention has reference to brakes for regulating and controlling the speed
of machinery used on ship board for lowering heavy weights and paying out chains
and ropes.
In carrying out my invention, I use a cylinder, piston and piston rod similar to
those in ordinary use on steam, hydraulic and other engines for driving purposes,
and I apply them to engines for holding purposes, in a similar manner to those
applied to the same engines for driving purposes.
In the further carrying out of my invention, I close the ordinary apertures for
the admission of the motive power and connect the chambers of the cylinder
divided by the piston by means of a pipe tube or passage and I attach to this
passage a valve, cock or tap, by which I can close it completely or regulate the
flow through it up to its whole capacity at will.
Having described the construction I now proceed to illustrate the operation of
this my invention. I first fill the cylinder with a non-compressible or compression
resisting fluid or gascous element or mixture such as water, oil, air gas &c. and
pack all joints so as to effectually prevent its escape from the cylinder or from
chamber to chamber excepting through the tube or passage and valve, at the will
of the operator.
When the valve is completely closed it is evident the piston cannot be moved
from end to end of the cylinder as it will be opposed by the imprisoned fluid or gas,
and that if the stroke of the piston rod required to allow the attached machinery
to revolve be greater than the amount of play the piston can acquire by com-
pression or otherwise, the machinery will be effectually prevented from revolving
up to the breaking strain of the weakest part employed; and it is also evident that
if the valve be opened the fluid under pressure will escape through it into the
opposite chamber, thus permitting the piston to travel and the machinery to revolve.
It is also evident that the wider the passage is opened the quicker the strokes of
the piston will be within certain scientific limits and that by the application of this
invention the speed of an engine can be regulated or its motion completely stopped
in opposition to any motive power up to the breaking strain of the weakest part
employed.
Having thus generally described the object, nature, and effects of this invention,
I will now proceed to describe it with reference to the sheet of accompanying
drawings in which I have illustrated certain examples of apparatus according to
this invention. In the various figures of the drawings the same or corresponding
parts are designated by the same letters and they correspond with those used in
the following explanation.

page_text: Figure 4 is a side elevation of an example of apparatus with my improvements
applied thereto adapted for general use.
Figure 5 is a sectional plan of a double arrangement of brake cylinder.
Figure 6 is a sectional plan of a steam cylinder adapted to be used also as
a brake.
With reference to the drawings, a designates the hydraulic brake cylinder, a¹ the
communicating passage thereof, and denotes the valve cock or tap by which the
admission or passage of the liquid from one end of the cylinder to the other is
regulated. e is the piston, and d the piston rod of the cylinder. e is the crank
shaft, and is the bed plate. With reference to Figures 1 and the apparatus is.
secured to the mast. A of the ship, and is provided with a drum i fixed on the
shaft e for working the rope or chain y and with a drum k loose on the shaft e.
The drum is provided with a pawl which gears with a toothed pinion m fixed
on the shaft e, and when said pawl is in gear with the pinion m the drum can.
be used to turn the shafte and the drum i for winding the rope or chain g on
the drum i.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows:-The cylinder a is filled through
the cup a² with a compression resisting fluid such as oil which can only pass from
end to end of the cylinder through the passage a' by opening the cock or valve b.
When the valve is completely closed it is evident that the piston c and the piston
rod cannot be moved as such movement is opposed by the imprisoned fluid in the
cylinder a and the crank shaft e and drum i are thereby prevented from revolving
and the apparatus holds the chain or rope g, and the weight to which it is con-
nected, (for example the yard of a sail). It is also evident that if the valve be
opened the fluid under pressure will pass through the passage a¹ from end to end
of the cylinder alternately and thus permit the piston e to travel and thereby allow
the shafte and the drum i to rotate. It is also evident that the greater the opening
of the valve the quicker the strokes of the piston c will be, and that by regulating
the valve b, the brake power can be applied as required and the weight (such as a
yard) lowered at the speed required. By the use of the drum & the action of the
apparatus can be reversed. This is effected by the rope f which is wound on the
drum in the reverse direction to the winding of the rope g on the drum i, so that
by pulling on the rope by a winch or other means, the drum i winds on it the
rope and in fact the apparatus acts as a raising or hoisting machine.
The apparatus shewn at Figure 4 works in a like manner to that just described,
but is designed for horizontal work generally, such as paying out warping ropes,.
anchor chains, and the like.
In the double cylinder arrangement shewn in Figure 5, the liquid from one
cylinder a passes freely to the other cylinder a through the passages a¹ and the
four-way cock b', or each cylinder can be worked separately by closing the cock b¹
and using the cocks b.
In the further carrying out of my invention I may use an ordinary steam cylinder
such as a steam winch cylinder as shewn at Figure 6. In this case I provide the
ordinary steam valve passages with cocks and on the other side I provide the
passage a and the cocks b, so that I can convert the steam cylinder a into a brake
cylinder by closing the valves & and working the valve which allows the cylinder
to fill with liquid such liquid then passing from end to end of the cylinder as the
apparatus works.
In all cases, suitable means such as a small cistern or vessel is provided to supply
the apparatus with liquid.
said inven-
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my
tion, I wish it to be understood that the features of this invention are not confined
to the particular forms and constructions set forth with reference to the figures of
the drawings, as these may be modified in various ways without departing from the
general nature of the invention; also although the invention is particularly adapted
for application to machinery used on shipboard it is obvious that it is also adapted

page_text: for other like purposes, and under other conditions than on shipboard; and I
declare that what I claim is :-
1. The combination with machinery used on board ship for lowering weights
and paying out chains or ropes and for other purposes, of a cylinder, and piston or
plunger, or a plurality of same, (or their equivalent) whereby water or other
suitable fluid to be forced in and out of said cylinder by the rotation or reciprocation
of a part of the machine, and a valve or controlling device thereon, whereby the
passage of fluid to and from the opposite ends of said cylinder or cylinders or the
like, is controlled; substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
2. The combination and construction of parts substantially as set forth with
reference to Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the drawings, consisting of a cylinder a,
passage a, valve b, piston c, piston rods d, crank shaft e, drum i, rope y, drum k,
and rope operating as described.
3. The combination and construction of parts substantially as set forth with
reference to Figure 4 of the drawings, consisting of a cylinder a, passage a', valve b,
piston rod d, shaft e, and drum i; operating as described.
4. The construction and arrangement of cylinders set forth with reference to
Figures 5 of the drawings whereby the liquid in the two cylinders is free to
accommodate itself to the position of the respective pistons as set forth.
5. The construction and arrangement of cylinder herein described with reference
to Figure 6 of the drawings whereby the steam cylinder of the winch or like
apparatus can be converted into and employed as a brake as set forth.
Dated this 21st day of March 1892
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON, Fels. Chart. Inst. P.A.,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Applicant's Patent Agents.