A NEW OR IMPROVED FETTLING FOR PUDDLING FURNACES
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Wall, of Decpfields, near Sedgley, in
the County of Stafford, Manager of Iron Works, and Edward
James Penn, of Edgbaston, in the County of Warwick, Accountant
Clerk, for the Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED FETTLING FOR
PUDDLING FURNACES”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Wall and
Edward James Penn at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 20th November 1873.
We, JOSEPH WALL, of Deepfields, near Sedgley, in the County of
Stafford, Manager of Iron Works, and EDWARD JAMES PENN, of
Edgbaston, in the County of Warwick, Accountant Clerk, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
FETTLING FOR PUDDLING FURNACES," to be as follows :—
Our Invention consists of a fettling for lining the beds of puddling
furnaces, the said fettling being made in the manner herein-after

page_text: described of the mineral substance known in North and South Stafford-
shire and elsewhere as New Mine rock.
The said New Mine rock is a refuse mineral, and is generally found
overlying beds of carbonate of iron or ironstone.
We form a fettling by treating the said New Mine rock in the
following manner:-We first calcine or burn the said rock by preference
in a kiln, and after it has been thoroughly calcined we reduce it to
powder by means of rollers or by a steam hammer or otherwise.
We
next mix with the calcined and powdered New Mine rock sufficient
water to give it the consistence of stiff mortar, when it is ready to be 1
used as a fettling for the bed of the puddling furnace.
Previous to applying the fettling described the bed of the furnace is
lined or treated in the ordinary manner with scrap cindor.
Although we have found that the fettling of New Mine rock applied
alone to the prepared bed of the furnace is very durable and answers 1
satisfactorily, yet calcined tap cinder or "bull dog" may be applied to
the prepared bed of the furnace prior to the application thereto of the
fettling of New Mine rock.
In place of the preparatory fettling of scrap cinder or tap cinder a
layer or coating of raw or uncalcined New Mine rock may be applied 2
to the bed of the furnace to receive the fettling of calcined and ground
New Mine rock.
This new or improved fettling may be applied to the sides as well as
to the bed of the furnace and also to the bridge of the furnace.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, 2
filed by the said Joseph Wall and Edward James Penn in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 13th May 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOSEPH
WALL, of Deepfields, near Sedgley, in the County of Stafford, Manager
of Iron Works, and EDWARD JAMES PENN, of Edgbaston, in the County 3
of Warwick, Accountant Clerk, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of November, in the

page_text: year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in.
the thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and.
successors, give and grant unto us, the said Joseph Wall and
Edward James Penn, Her special licence that we, the said Joseph Wall.
and Edward James Penn, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as we, the said Joseph Wall and Edward James Penn, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A
NEW OR IMPROVED FETTLING FOR PUDDLING FURNACES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Joseph Wall and Edward James
Penn, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing'
under our or their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of
one of us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature.
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward James Penn, on behalf of
myself and the said Joseph Wall, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, that is to say :-
Our Invention consists of a fettling for lining the beds and other
parts of puddling furnaces, the said fettling being made in the manner
herein-after described wholly or mainly of the mineral substance known
in North and South Staffordshire and elsewhere as New Mine rock.
The said New Mine rock is a refuse mineral, and is generally found
overlying beds of carbonate of iron or the ironstone commonly called
New Mine white ironstone. The said New Mine Rock consists essen-
tially of silica, alumina, and peroxide of iron, together with a portion of
combined water.
-
We form a fettling by treating the said New Mine rock in the
following manner: -We first calcine or burn the said rock by preference
in a kiln, and after it has been thoroughly calcined we reduce it to
powder by means of rollers or by a steam hammer or otherwise. The

page_text: calcination described drives off the water contained in the New Mine.
rock and renders the rock more friable, so that it is easily reduced to
powder. We mix with the calcined and powdered New Mine rock
sufficient water to give it the consistence of stiff mortar, when the
pasty mass thus obtained is ready to be used as a fettling for the bed of
the puddling furnace.
Although the said calcined and powdered New Mine rock forms an
excellent and durable fettling by itself for puddling furnaces, yet the said
calcined and powdered New Mine Rock may be used in admixture. with
other materials suitable for forming a fettling for puddling furnaces,
such for example as tap cinder or 'bull dog," or other natural or
artificial substances, consisting essentially of or containing in consider-
able quantity peroxide of iron.
"
Previous to applying the fettling described the bed of the furnace is
lined or treated in the ordinary way with scrap cinder.
Although we have found that the fettling of New Mine rock applied
alone to the prepared bed of the furnace is very durable and answers
satisfactorily, yet calcined tap cinder or "bull dog" may be applied to
the prepared bed of the furnace prior to the application thereto of the
fettling of New Mine rock.
In place of the preparatory fettling of scrap cinder or tap cinder a
layer or coating of raw or uncalcined New Mine rock may be applied
to the bed of the furnace to receive the fettling of calcined and
powdered New Mine rock.
Instead of using the calcined and powdered New Mine rock alone or
mixed with other materials in the form of a pasty mass as herein-before
described, the said pasty mass may be moulded into bricks or blocks,
which when hardened by drying may be applied as a lining to the
puddling furnace, the said bricks or blocks being set and fixed in their
places by means of fettling in the form of a plastic mass.
This new or improved fettling may be applied to the sides as well as to
the bed of the furnace, and also to the bridge of the furnace.
Having now described the nature of our Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, we wish it to be understood that
we claim as our Invention a new or improved fettling for puddling
furnaces consisting wholly or mainly of calcined and powdered New

page_text: Mine rock prepared and applied substantially as
described.
herein-before
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward James Penn, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of May, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.
Witness,
RICHARD SKERRETT,
Clerk to George Shaw,
Birmingham.
EDWARD JAMES PENN. (L.S.)