CERTAIN COMBINATIONS OF MATERIALS: TO. BE USED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR CANVASS AND OTHER SURFACES EMPLOYED AS GROUNDS FOR. PAINTING, SOME OF WHICH COMBINATIONS ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1844

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ELIJAH
GALLOWAY, of Nelson Square, Blackfriars Road, in the County of Surrey,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at Westminster,
the Fourteenth day of February, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and forty-four, in the seventh year of Her reign, did give and grant
unto me, the said Elijah Galloway, my exors, admors, and assigns, Her
especial licence, full power, sole privilege, and authority that I, the said Elijah
Galloway, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, and such others as I, the said
Elijah Galloway, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within that part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland called England, the Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, and also in the Islands of Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney, Sark, and Man,
and Her Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, my Invention of "CERTAIN
COMBINATIONS OF MATERIALS: TO. BE USED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR CANVASS AND OTHER
SURFACES EMPLOYED AS GROUNDS FOR. PAINTING, SOME OF WHICH COMBINATIONS ARE
APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES;" in which said Letters Patent there is con-
tained a proviso that I, the said Elijah Galloway, shall particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to.
be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to be

page_text: inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters
Patent, as, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso I, the said Elijah
Galloway, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, is particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following instrument in writing:-
My Invention consists of the application of certain mixtures of materials to
the surface of walls, to flat surfaces of wood prepared to receive them, or to
other surfaces, by which the said materials will be permanently held in the
required position, or to canvass or other woven material, by which the whole
becomes strong enough to be stretched upon a frame like the canvass usually
employed for pictures, and in such condition the said surfaces are intended
to be used as grounds for painting. The mixtures I refer to consist of india-
rubber, combined with earthy, woody, or fibrous matter, or any insoluble
substance which is capable of being reduced to small fragments, not coarser
than sand or sawdust, and occasionally to a fine powder. The india-rubber
is prepared by a well-known process (fully described in the Specification of
other Patents) of grinding or crushing the india-rubber in a containing vessel
to which the heat of steam is applied, by which process the india-rubber is
changed to a plastic or pasty state. In this state the pulverized matters are
to be added and mixed by a process resembling that of kneading or rolling, in
the proportion of four or five parts of the pulverized matter to one of the
india-rubber. The mass is then rolled out between smooth cast-iron rollers
until it is reduced to a uniform thickness, varying according to the purpose to
which it is to be applied.
For large paintings, the particles may be of the coarsest kind named, but
for smaller works I prefer that chalk, dried clay, or other similar materials
capable of being reduced to fine powder should be employed. These mixtures
are in all cases to be cemented by india-rubber, cement, or other adhesive
material to some other body; that is to say, if intended to remain fixed like
cartoons or decorations of walls, then they are to be cemented to the walls,
ceilings, floors, or other surfaces; but if moveable, like a painting, they are to
be similarly cemented to canvass net work, or other wove or fibrous fabric, by
which they acquire additional strength, and in certain cases where such
mixtures are to be used as a covering for floors whereon ornamental de-
corations are to be painted or coloured, I propose to mix finely pounded,
ground, or pulverized cork, with the plastic india-rubber, whereby a certain

page_text: elasticity will be retained in the mass; but when any of the aforesaid
mixtures are used out of doors exposed to moisture, they are found occasionally
to become mouldy. To prevent this, I intend to add a small quantity of
corrosive sublimate, or other metallic salt, usually employed to resist vegetable
decomposition in the proportion of about half an ounce to each hundred
pounds of the india-rubber. And whereas under the aforesaid Letters Patent,
I am entitled to apply some of the combinations of materials I have now
described to other purposes than as a substitute for grounds for painting: I
accordingly now proceed to point out the combinations referred to, and the
purposes to which I claim their application as a part of this my Invention,
that is to say, the mixture of india-rubber, pulverized cork, and corrosive sub-
limate is to be employed to various purposes of ship or boat building, namely,
first, in ship building as a substitute for felting, to be placed between the
copper and planking of the ship. For this purpose the material is manu-
factured in thin sheets of convenient size, which are first to be cemented to
their respective places by india-rubber cement or other suitable adhesive
substance, they are then to be painted, or otherwise spread over with the
same cement, and before the cementing matter has dried, the copper sheets
are to be applied, and fixed in the usual manner. By manufacturing the
mixture of cork and india-rubber in the form of blocks, cubes, or masses
of suitable form, I propose to employ them as planks to fill in the spaces
between the timbers or planking of ships, more particularly in the upper
works of such vessels, cementing such blocks to the wood with which they
are in contact, and to each other, so that the whole becomes impervious to
water; and for the purposes of boat building, the same material is to be
manufactured into sheets, planks, or slabs, and used with or without timber
courses; and further, I propose to employ all or any of the mixtures as a
substitute for floorcloth. For this purpose the said mixture is to be rolled
out as thin and in as large sheets as possible, and the sides are to be cut off
parallel to each other, and chamferred or bevilled off to thin and tapering edges.
The cut surfaces of these edges are then to be rubbed over with india-rubber
cement, and united by overlapping each other (the cut or inclined surfaces
being placed one against the other), and pressing the whole carefully together,
they become firmly united, when the cement is dry. The whole is then to be
rubbed over on the side not intended to be printed on with cement, and a
canvass cloth or other woven fabric being laid and pressed thereon, it becomes
firmly attached thereto, and the whole then becomes ready for printing upon.
By the operation of joining the bevilled edges, a smooth and uniform surface so
desirable in a floorcloth is obtained. And I further propose to use all or any

page_text: of the said mixtures of india-rubber, and the other matters herein referred to,
as a covering for roofs or walls, or other surfaces where it is desirable to
exclude rain or moisture. In such cases, the materials are to be rolled into
sheets, which are to be cemented to the surfaces, and to each other in the
manner described. And, lastly, I propose to employ all or any of the mix-
tures herein referred to for paving or covering floors or roadways by cementing
them to the subsurface and to each other.
Having, now described the nature of my said Invention, and the various
purposes to which its application is secured to me under these Letters Patent,
and also, the manner of applying the same according to the best of my know-
ledge and experience, I hereby declare that I lay no claim to the Invention of
any of the mixtures herein referred to, nor to the method of preparing them, such.
mixtures and the processes of preparation being already well known; but what
I claim as my Invention is their application to the purposes herein described
in the manner I have pointed out, more particularily the cementing the
said mixtures to some other body and to each other, according to the respec-
tive purposes to which they are to be applied.
In witness whereof, I, the said Elijah Galloway, have hereunto set my.
hand and seal, this Fourth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-four.