A New Furnace for Producing Coke, with or without Suitable Apparatus for Collecting the By-products.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Jan., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 13th Oct., 1896-Accepted, 13th Jan., 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A New Furnace for Producing Coke, with or without Suitable
Apparatus for Collecting the By-products.
GEORGE WILLIAM BREFFIT, of 58, Leadenhall Street, London, Colliery
Agent and FREDERICK GWILYM TREHARNE, Analytical Chemist, Wrangbrook,
Llanishen, Glamorganshire do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The furnace may be built in different sizes: a suitable size would be one with.
an internal capacity, exclusive of flue space, of forty-two cubic feet.
The furnace is in the form of a muffle, subdivided into narrow chambers of any
desired size, preferably from six to twelve inches in width.
The furnace is initially heated by a fire grate, and the products of combustion
from such fire are made to travel internally and all round the muffle by suitable
flues, in addition to which they are also made to travel up and down flues arranged
between the subdivisions of the muffle. (For this purpose the divisions are built
with muffle bricks in the form of a hollow wall.)
In order to charge the oven, we prepare a box composed of thin fire clay slabs,
strengthened by means of metal stringers, which are preferably made to pass
between passages in the fire clay slabs, thus preventing contact of the metal with
the heated air. This box, being charged with coal (more or less fine), is placed in
a sub-division of the muffle by an apparatus for the purpose, where it rests upon
two rows of fire bricks.
If it is desired to collect the by-products, pipes of fire clay or other material
are made in the top of the muffle, and join a main conduit pipe, which is connected
with suitable apparatus for separating the liquids and gases produced. In order
to induce a proper flow of the products of distillation, an aspirator may be attached
to a suitable part of the conduit pipe.
The coal having been sufficiently coked, the door is opened and the box with-
drawn from the muffle. At the moment it reaches the atmosphere, a suitable
fire clay slab is fitted tightly over the box and it is then put aside to cool, (thus
preventing the necessity for use of water as in other ovens,) whilst a fresh charge
is.introduced.
The invention is readily adapted to the existing form of "Beehive" oven,
without much cost, by building the muffle flues within it with the formation of a
suitable fire place at the end.
We claim that, in 'this coke oven, we are able to produce coke in much less time
and at less cost than by any existing method, besides producing a coke free from
moisture.
The oven may also be arranged, if it be desired, to utilize the gases generated
for heating the muffle or any other purposes.
T
1000
GEORGE WILLIAM BREFFIT.
FREDERICK GWILYM TREHARNE.*

page_text: "
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A New Furnace for Producing Coke, with or without Suitable
Apparatus for Collecting the By-products.
น
GEORGE WILLIAM BREFFIT of 58, Leadenhall Street, London, Colliery
Agent, and FREDERICK GWILYM TREHARNE of Wrangbrook, Llanishen,
Glamorganshire, Analytical Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The furnace may be built in different sizes: a suitable size would be one with
an internal capacity exclusive of flue space of 42 cubic feet.
The furnace is in the form of a muffle subdivided into narrow chambers of any
desired size; preferably from twelve to eighteen inches in width.
The furnace is initially heated by a fire grate and the products of combustion
from such fire are made to travel internally and all round the muffle by suitable
flues, in addition to which they are also made to travel through fiues arranged
between the subdivisions of the muffle: (for this purpose the divisions are built
with muffle bricks in the form of a hollow wall).
In order to charge the oven, we prepare a box (or container) marked "L" on
drawings, made of metal, or other suitable material, or composed of thin fireclay
slabs, strengthened by means of metal stringers, which are, preferably, made to
pass between passages in the fireclay slabs, thus preventing contact of the metal
with the heated air. This container being charged with coal, (more or less fine,)
is placed in a subdivision of the muffle, by an apparatus for the purpose, where it
rests upon firebrick bearings (M).
Figure 7 shews a side elevation of the container, Fig. 8 shows the end elevation,
& Fig. 9 is a plan of the same.
The volatile products expelled during manufacture of the coke, may be dealt
with in four ways:-
(1) They may be carried away from the muffle by suitable pipes, (N.) into a
main conduit, and by suitable apparatus, the liquid and gaseous products may be
collected and separated. In order to determine the flow of such products in the
desired direction, an aspirator may be used. After treatment of said products,
the residual gases may then be returned to the combustion chamber (O) & there
mixed with atmospheric oxygen. Air may also be admitted at any convenient
places in the flues shown in Figs. 3. 4. 5 and, or 6, by means of suitable valves or
openings, for combustion of such gases on their way to the chimney.
(2.) They may be led by suitable pipes (N) back to the combustion chamber (0)
and there burned in order to obtain, or increase the heat in the flues.
As an instance of one of the forms in which the ovens may be built; we append
drawings.
Fig. 1. represents the front elevation of an oven of 3 chambers, one of which
is shown with a container in position and which is marked L, another chamber
is shown empty, and a third with its door closed.
Fig. 2 is plan at A. B. showing conduit pipe, which increases in size as additional
gases are received from the chambers it passes over, which pipe is conducted to
the combustion chamber (O,) into which the gases are delivered and burned, upon
mixture with the necessary oxygen.
Figs. 3 & 4 are sections of flues above and below the muffle, showing partitions
& openings, by means of which the gases are made to travel around the muffle
from front to back; after surrounding which in the four divisions shown, they
enter the flues constructed in the subdivisions of the muffle from below in the back
end, as shown in Fig. 5; passing along to the front, under the partition constructed
therein, they escape to the chimney backwards over the same.

page_text: Fig. 6. shows section of side flues as at I. K with partitions corresponding to
those in Figs. 3 and 4 for directing travel of gases around the muffle.
(3) They may be allowed to collect within the muffle, and, at the desired time,
a sufficient quantity of oxygen may be allowed to enter into such muffle, where by
combination the volatile products will be used to increase the heat within that
chamber.
(4) These gases may be led from one container by suitable pipes through the
bottom of another container and allowed to pass through the red hot coke, by
which means they will give up a large amount of carbon, which will be deposited
upon such coke, thus tending to enrich and harden it.
The coal having been sufficiently coked, the door is opened, and the container
withdrawn from the muffle, at the moment it reaches the atmosphere, a suitable
cover is fitted tightly over it; and it is then put aside to cool; (thus preventing
the use of water, as in other ovens) whilst a fresh charge is introduced.
The invention is readily adapted to the existing form of several ovens without
much cost, by building the muffle flues within them, with the formation of suitable
gas burners at bottom or other suitable places.
Having now particularly described, and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
(1) A coke oven in combination with containers, made substantially as above
described.
(2) The disposition of by products from such oven as above described.
Dated this Twelfth day of October in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and ninety-six.
GEORGE WILLIAM BREFFIT.
F. GWILYM TREHARNE.