IMPROVEMENTS IN TUYERES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas William Plum, of Malins Lee, in the County of
Salop, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TUYERES."
Sooled the 90th T..l., 1077 and dated the 04th Fahmy 1077
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas William Plum at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th February 1877.
THOMAS WILLIAM PLUM, of Malins Lee, in the County of Salop, Civil Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TUYERES."
Firstly. I construct my tuyeres with external and internal tubes closed between
the two tubes at the nose end as usual, but (for the purpose of applying the water
cooling part of my Invention) with the outer or large end only partially closed
between the two tubes. I use either cast or wrought metal, and for some purposes
I make my tuyeres in two (jointed) pieces in length, it may be one part in one
metal and the other part in a different metal, that is to say, with a jointed nose
piece of any convenient length, so that a new nose piece can be put on from time to
time; or when made new in one length the nose end when it becomes defective
from use can be taken off and a new nose end of similar or different metal jointed
on so as to restore the tuyere to its original length and usefulness. For supplying
water for cooling my tuyeres I use a sheet metal lining and insert it between the
two tubes of which the tuyere is formed. The said lining has a closing piece (or
pieces) for fixing it to the large end of the upper side of the tuyere, and is so pre-
pared as to convey an adequate supply of water to the "nose end," also on to the
inner tube, and down the sides of the outer tube of the tuyere, thus supplying water
to every requisite part of the tuyere, capable of being regulated at pleasure. The
metal lining is so contrived as to be readily withdrawn for cleaning off any deposit
that may accumulate and impede the water flow, and as readily replaced; provision
is also made for occasional flushing with the same object. The water is allowed to
run freely away by having the waste pipe sufficiently large to prevent any water
pressure between the two tubes.
Secondly. For conducting the blast through tuyeres of various kinds I use an
internal dividing "nozzle"" or "muzzle," so contrived that through the centre of it

page_text: the full pressure of blast is delivered into the furnace, and from the annular space
round the internal "nozzle" the blast is delivered in diminished force, capable of
being regulated by the form of the internal "nozzle."
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Thomas William Plum in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st July
1877.
THOMAS WILLIAM PLUM, of Malins Lee, in the County of Salop, Civil Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TUYERES."
Firstly. I construct my tuyeres for furnace purposes with external and internal
tubes in the usual manner, closed between the two tubes at the nose end, but for
the purpose of applying the water cooling part of my Invention only partially closed
in the first instance at the larger or outer end. I use either cast or wrought metal,
and for some purposes I make my tuyeres in two jointed pieces in length, it may be
one part in one metal and the other part in a different metal; that is to say, with a
jointed nose piece of any convenient length, so that a new nose piece can be put on
from time to time, or when made new in one.length the nose end when it becomes
defective from use can be taken off and a new nose end of similar or different metal
jointed on so as to restore the buyere to its original length and usefulness. For
supplying water for cooling my tuyeres I use a sheet metal lining, and insert it (on
the upper side) between the two tubes of which the tuyere is formed, the sheet
having attached to it. one or more bridge pieces of angle or other iron for bearing
upon the inner tube of the tuyere. The larger or outer end of the sheet lining is
curved upon a somewhat flatter sweep than the outer tube to allow water space
between it and the inside of the outer tube, but having its smallest end and two
sides to fit as close as possible to the outer tube. The pipe for supplying water is
attached to the sheet; a tight joint is made upon the top of the large end of the
sheet by india-rubber or other packing, so that the only escape for the water
flowing over it when turned on is down the sides of the sheet and at the small end,
from whence it issues in a fan-shaped jet against the nose of the tuyere with more
or less force, according to the pressure under which it is supplied. A closing piece
for completing the outer end of the tuyere (with suitable fixtures) is provided with
sight holes (8, 8, Fig. 2), to facilitate the examination of the tuyere, so that any
appearance of undue heat at the nose end may be counteracted by a more effective
supply of water. The continuous open joint at the small end and sides of the sheet
make it but little liable to any obstruction in the water flow, but for removing any
deposit or impediment to the free flow of water (or for occasional flushing) the
lining may be slightly moved backwards and forwards, or when necessary it may
be entirely withdrawn, and cleaned off in a few minutes, and replaced.
Secondly. When varying pressure of blast is required for any purpose in the same
tuyere I use an internal or dividing "nozzle" in the "tuyere" or "gun," as may
be, having a trumpet-shaped end by which the force of blast round the outside of
the dividing "nozzle" is checked to any required extent. The blast is delivered
into the furnace at its full pressure through the dividing "nozzle," and with
diminished pressure round the same, according to the form of the trumpet end of it.
The accompanying Drawings will further explain how my Invention is to be
prepared and applied.
Figure 1 shews a longitudinal section, Figs. 4 and 5 cross section, and Fig. 2 an
end view of a tuyere constructed according to my Invention. The metal sheet (a)
upon the top of which the water is conveyed by the pipe (b) is made of such length
as may be required proportioned to the length of the tuyere to which it is to be
applied, and according to the pressure of the water with which it is to be supplied.
If the pressure is "low" the sheet is continued close up to the nose end of the

page_text: tuyere, as shewn at Fig. 3; if the pressure is good, as it should be, the sheet is
extended to within 2 or 2 inches of the nose end of the tuyere.
The bridge piece B, B, Figs. 4 and 5, are rivetted to the sheet lining, their height
being determined by the dimensions of the space between the two tubes.
Fig. 6 shews the top of the sheet as it would appear under the outer tube, and
also the position of the packing (P) for preventing the back flow of water.
Fig. 8 shews the form of blast-dividing "nozzle" as used in an ordinary blast
gun." The trumpet end of it is made larger or smaller as required for reducing
the pressure of air passing through the annular space.
Fig. 7 shews one of several modes that I employ for jointing nose pieces upon
tuyeres. I do not confine myself to this or any one mode; any of the ordinary
known modes of doing it may be used that may be best adapted for the particular
metal or metals used.
In constructing my tuyeres I do not confine myself to the precise form herein
described; they may be varied according to the different circumstances and
requirements.
My claim consists of the following,-
First. The making and use of tuyeres constructed with the outer end partially
closed, with or without a closing piece, having sight holes for examination, as
described and shewn in the Drawings.
Second. The use of a sheet lining or spreader for holding water against the top,
and conducting water to the nose end and down the sides of tuyeres, thereby
supplying water, so that the removal of obstructions from deposit and flushing can
be effected in the manner described.
Third. The use of a dividing nozzle in tuyeres and guns for varying the pressure
of blast delivered through the same "tuyere" or "gun."
Fourth. The use of jointed nose pieces in tuyeres (constructed as herein described),
in which water is not confined under pressure.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas William Plum, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eleventh day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
THA T17 DLTIM
THO. W. PLUM. (L.S.)