IMPROVEMENTS IN FORGING METALS AND IN TOOLS EMPLOYED THEREIN.”
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edwin Dearden, of Darnall, near Sheffield, Yorkshire,
Engineer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FORGING METALS AND IN
TOOLS EMPLOYED THEREIN.”
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PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edwin Dearden at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th October 1881.
EDWIN DEARDEN, of Darnall, near Sheffield, Yorkshire, Engineer.
MENTS IN FORGING METALS AND IN TOOLS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
a
IMPROVE
The objects of this Invention is improvements in the tools used in forging fron
or other metals to the desired shape or form, whereby the same may be done with
more expedition and accuracy, and also with less waste of material than is accom-
plished by other usual methods.
For this purpose I make a matrix or outer tool with an opening right through
the same, which opening is similar in form to a section of the desired article or
forging. I also make or provide two drifts or pushers to nicely fit the opening in
the matrix, and about the length corresponding to the depth of the matrix, and I
make one end of each drift or pusher to suit the form or contour of the desired
article or forging, that is, one drift or pusher for each surface of the article when
in the matrix.
In using these tools I prefer to employ an hydraulic press provided with two
working or moveable rams, one under and one above the bed or receiver on which
the matrix rests; and having fixed the matrix on or in the receiver, I insert the
drift or pusher with which I intend to form the bottom surface of the article or
forging into the opening in the matrix, and I allow its plain end to project below
the matrix and rest upon the bottom ram, or upon a packing placed thereon, its top
or working end still being within the matrix. I then take the proper quantity, by
weight, of iron or other metal, which may be a pile of scraps, or turnings, or bars
suitably bent or coiled, and when properly heated I drop the same into the matrix,
and immediately follow it with the drift or pusher intended to form the top surface
of the article. I then apply the pressure by bringing the rams towards each other,
CD

page_text: either simultaneously or in succession, so that the metal may be compressed between
the drifts or pushers inside the matrix.
I construct the matrix of sufficient depth, so that when a portion of its inner
surface becomes defective through the excessive heat and pressure I can vary
the position where the article is pressed between the drifts, and so prolong the use
of the same.
By this arrangement of tools, and having both the top and bottom drifts
moveable in relation to the matrix, I obtain a more effective and uniform pressure
on the metal.
In the accompanying Drawing Fig. 1 represents an hydraulio press suitable for
the purpose of compressing or forging metals by the use of my improved tools,
where A is the ram of the top cylinder; B, the ram of the bottom cylinder;
and C,
a receiver secured at a convenient distance between the cylinders; D is the matrix
or outer tool; E is the top drift or pusher; F is the bottom drift or pusher, with a
center-pin or mandril G standing therein. The shaded part between the drifts E
and F represents a section of a forging intended for the boss or nave of a Mansell's
railway wheel.
I prepare the pile of iron for these and similar circular articles by forming a coil
or coils of rather less diameter than the finished size, and of sufficient weight to
allow for waste in heating.
Fig. 2 represents a matrix and drifts for forging draw hooks, where H is the
matrix, shewn in plan, with the pile therein, which pile is formed of flat bar iron
having been bent as shown. I represents the matrix in section, with the drifts J
and K, and also a forging L after being compressed.
Fig. 3 represents tools for forging scroll irons as commonly used in the con-
struction of railway carriages, where M is a sectional plan of the matrix with the
pile of iron therein, and N the same matrix in sectional elevation, with the drifts
and also the scroll-iron as compressed.
By this system of tools it is evident that a great variety of articles may be
produced at a considerable saving of labour and cost, because with a proper weight
or quantity of metal, fairly distributed and at the suitable heat, placed in the
matrix, and the drifts pressed towards each other with efficient force, the result
must be a forging of a form corresponding to the space in the matrix between the
drifts, and with the least possible quantity of waste.
Having now described the nature of my Invention and in what manner the
same is to be carried out, and also having illustrated a few examples of the process
selected from the ordinary articles of constantly required form, I wish it to be under-
stood that I do not claim (in this Specification) as my Invention the hydraulic
press, neither do I limit myself to the use of water pressure for the purpose of
manipulating or working with my improved tools, as steam or other mechanical means
might be employed or used without departing from the principle or nature of my
Invention, but I do claim as my Invention, the combination of tools consisting of a
matrix having an opening right through corresponding to the section of the article
to be produced, in connection with the drifts, mandrils, or pushers, as explained and
illustrated, for the purpose of compressing or forging metals to any desired shape
or form for which they may be adapted.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Edwin Dearden in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
22nd March 1882.
EDWIN DEARDEN, of Darnall, near Sheffield, in the County of York, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FORGING METALS AND IN TOOLS EMPLOYED THEREIN.'
The object of this Invention is improvements in the tools used in forging iron
or other metals to the desired shape or form, whereby the same may be done with
more expedition and accuracy, and also with less waste of material than is accom-
plished by other usual methods.
For this purpose I make a matrix or outer tool with an opening right through
the same, which opening is similar in form to a section of the desired article or
forging. I also make or provide two drifts or pushers to nicely fit the opening in
the matrix, and about the length corresponding to the depth of the matrix, and I
make one end of each drift or pusher to suit the form or contour of the desired
article or forging, that is, one drift or pusher for each surface of the article when
in the matrix.
In using these tools I prefer to employ an hydraulic press provided with two
working or movable rams, one under and one above the bed or receiver on which
the matrix rests, and having fixed the matrix on or in the receiver I insert the
drift or pusher with which I intend to form the bottom surface of the article or
forging into the opening in the matrix, and I allow its plain end to project below
the matrix and rest upon the bottom ram or upon a packing placed thereon, its
top or working end still being within the matrix. I then take the proper quantity
by weight of iron or other metal, which may be a pile of scraps or turnings or bars
suitably bent or coiled and properly heated. I drop the same into the matrix and
immediately follow it with the drift or pusher intended to form the top surface of
the article. I then apply the pressure by bringing the rams towards each other,
either simultaneously or in succession, so that the metal may be compressed between
the drifts or pushers inside the matrix.
I construct the matrix of sufficient depth, so that when a portion of its inner
surface becomes defective through the excessive heat or pressure I can vary the
position where the article is pressed between the drifts, and so prolong the use of
the same. By this arrangement of tools, and having both the top and bottom
drifts movable in relation to the matrix, I obtain a more effective and uniform
pressure on the metal.
In the accompanying Drawing,
Figure 1 represents an hydraulic press suitable for the purpose of compressing or
forging metals by the use of my improved tools.
A indicates the ram of the top cylinder; B, the ram of the bottom cylinder; and
O, a receiver secured at a convenient distance between the cylinders; D is the
matrix or outer tool; E is the top drift or pusher; F is the bottom drift or pusher
with a centre pin or mandrill G standing therein. The shaded part between the
drifts E and F represents a section of a forging intended for the boss or nave of a
wheel commonly known or called a "Mansell's" railway wheel.
Figure 2 represents a matrix and drifts or pushers for forging drawhooks.
H indicates the matrix shown in plan with the pile therein, which pile is formed of
flat iron having been bent as shown; I indicates the matrix in section with the
drifts J and K; and L, a forging after being compressed.
Figure 3 represents tools for forging scroll-irons, as commonly used in the
construction of railway carriages; M indicating a sectional plan of the matrix with
the pile of metal therein, and N the same matrix in sectional elevation with the
drifts and also the scroll iron as compressed.

page_text: By this system of tools it is evident that a great variety of articles may be
produced at a considerable saving of labor and cost, because with a proper weight
or quantity of metal fairly distributed and placed in the matrix and the drifts
pressed towards each other with efficient force the result must be a forging of a form
corresponding to the space in the matrix between the drifts and with the least
possible quantity of waste, the process being the same whether the metal be
introduced into the matrix in a cold or in a heated condition.
Having now described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is or may be performed, and also having illustrated a few
examples of the process selected from the ordinary forms of constantly required
articles, I wish it to be understood that I do not claim (in this Specification) as
my Invention the bydraulic press, neither do I limit myself to the use of water
pressure for the purpose of manipulating or working my improved tools, as steam
or other mechanical means might be employed or used without departing from
the principle or nature of my Invention, but what I do claim as my Invention and
as secured to me by the herein before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
The combination of tools consisting of a matrix having an opening right through
corresponding to the section of the article to be produced in connection with the
drifts or pushers, as explained, for the purpose of compressing or forging metals to
any desired shape or form for which they may be adapted, substantially as herein-
before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edwin Dearden, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Fourteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord Ons
thousand eight hundred and eighty two.