IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1884

page_text: We JAMES WHALEY SHEPHERD and WILLIAM AYRTON of the firm of Shepherd
and Ayrton of the Gorebrook Iron Works Manchester in the County of Lancaster
Engineers, and CHARLES SIDDALL in the employment of the said firm Mechanic, do
herohy declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING FIBROUS MATERIALS" to bo as follows:-
Our said Invention relates more particularly to ring spinning and doubling frames
and consists primarily of an improved inode of effecting the reciprocatory copping
motion of the lifting rail and secondarily to certain minor improvements in the.
lifting rail, spindle and other dependent and adjacent parts The said copping
motion of the lifting rail is usually effected by a heart cam operating the lifting
lever. Upon the said lifting lever we mount a slide which supports a small cross
shaft carrying a worm-wheel, pulley and cam. One end of the chain is wound
partly around the said pulley whilst the other end passes partly around a similar
pulley on the end of a shaft which extends along the front of the frame and which
operates the lifting or ring rail by racks and pinions or by other suitable means.
On the same shaft is another pulley from which motion is transmitted by a driving
chain to the lifting rail on the other side of the frame. The slide on the lifting
lever is moved by a screw on the outer end of which is a ratchet wheel. A pawl
is hung or pivoted to any convenient part of the frame so that as the lifting lever
is caused to rise and fall by the heart cam the pawl engaging with the ratchet
causes the screw to be turned and the slide advanced at each stroke of the lifting lever.
The slide in moving forward pulls on the chain by which it is connected with the
pulley on the lifting shaft and the lifting shaft being thereby put slightly forward at
each fall of the lifting lever the ring rail correspondingly rises a little more and falls a
little less at each stroke whereby the building of the cops is properly effected. The
slide on the lifting lever carries a bell crank lever with a bowl which acts as a stop
to the cam on the small cross shaft and prevents the chain on the pulley carried by
the slide from becoming unwound. When the cops are completed the free arm of
the said bell-crank lever comes in contact with a stop fixed to the lifting arm and
the bowl is raised so as to liberate the cam whereby the chain becomes unwound
from the pulley and the lifting rail is permitted to fall to its original starting
point. We provide a brake on the said chain pulley to prevent the rail from

page_text: dropping too quickly. The pawl is then thrown out of gear, and the screw reversed
by means of a handle so as to run the slide back to its original position. A worm
actuated by a handle is then thrown into gear with the hereinbefore referred to
worm wheel on the small cross shaft on the slide whereby the slack of the chain is
taken up and the chain re-adjusted. When not in use for this purpose the worm is
kept out of gear with the worm wheel. When the ring rail is thus allowed to fall
the yarn is drawn over the edge of a ribbed collar at the foot of the spindle so that
in the act of doffing the cops the severance of the yarn takes place at this point.
The broken end is retained by the said ribbed collar and is thus provented from
slipping out of the traveller whereby the starting of a fresh cop is expedited. Wo
also provide a means for preventing waste should the yarn break in the course of
transmission to the traveller. The ballooning of the yarn which takes place
between the guide and the traveller is utilized to prevent the advance of a weighted
forked lever. When the yarn breaks the resistance to the advance of the said lever
ceases and the said lever in falling forward brings down a nipping stop upon the
yarn in rear of the drawing rollers so as to sever the yarn at this point, so that
nothing is wasted except the short length between the said nipper and the spindle.
To stop the spindle when such a breakage occurs we employ a spring brake which
can be applied by hand to act on an extension of the whirl. According to our
improvements the ring rail is made open at the bottom and with two upright lips
or flanges at the sides which serve to confine the rings laterally, pinching screws
being employed to hold and adjust the said rings relatively to the centres of the
spindles. The rings are each formed with an upwardly projecting flange at the top
which meets the top of the traveller and thus acts as a drug on the yarn which passes
between them on its way to the cop. We also use a thin sheath of india-rubber
instead of the paper cop tubes usually employed. The said rubber sheath clings more
closely to the spindle and is not liable to be moved upwards on the spindle by the pull
of the lifting rail. When a frame stands at rest for some time with the yarn subjected.
to the pressure of the drawing rollers, the flutings of the said rollers usually mark,
impress or cut the yarn so as to weaken it and cause breakages when the frame is
re-started. We therefore propose to relieve the yarn from the said pressure by
providing means to raise and sustain the weights on such rollers when the machine
is stopped for any length of time. We arrange a lever frame or series of levers
attached to a shaft actuated by a worn and worm-wheel and operated from the
front of the machine by a handle or hand-wheel. The said levers or lever frame
can thus be operated so as to lift the weights and relieve the pressure on the
diawing rollers.

page_text: 85
We JAMES WHALEY SHEPHERD and WILLIAM AYRTON of the firm of Shepherd
and Ayrton of the Gorebrook Iron Works, Manchester in the County of Lancaster,
Engineers and CHARLES SIDDALL in the employment of the said firm Mechanic
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING FIBROUS MATERIALS and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement and accompanying drawings:-
Our said Invention relates more particularly to ring spinning and doubling
frames and consists primarily of an improved mode of effecting the reciprocatory
copping motion of the lifting rail and secondarily to certain minor improvements
in the lifting rail, spindle and other dependent and adjacent parts. The said
copping motion of the lifting rail is usually effected by a heart cam operating the
lifting lever.
Upon the said lifting lever we mount a slide which supports a small cross shaft
carrying a pulley which is connected by means of a chain with a pulley on the end
of a shaft which extends along the front of the frame and operates the lifting rail.
A second chain connects the said shaft with the corresponding shaft on the other
side of the frame. The slide on the lifting lover is moved by a screw which is
provided with a ratchet wheel whereby the screw is turned and the slide advanced
nt each stroke of the lifting lever. The pulley on the cross shaft is prevented from
revolving until the building up is completed when the said pulley is released, and
the lifting rails are permitted to fall and the screw is acted upon to run the slide
back to its original position. When the ring rail is thus allowed to fall the yarn is
drawn over the edge of a ribbed collar on the spindle so that in the act of duffing
the cops the severance of the yarn takes place at this point. We also provide
a means for preventing waste should the yarn break in the course of transmission
to the traveller. The ballooning of the yarn which takes place between the guide
and the traveller is utilised to cause the severance of the yarn in rear of the
drawing rollers. To stop the spindle when such a breakage occurs we employ
a spring brake which can be applied by hand to act ou au extension of the whirl
or wharve.
According to our improvements the ring rail is made open at the bottom and
with two upright lips or flanges at the sides which serve to confine the rings
laterally, pinching screws being employed to hold and adjust the said rings rela-
tively to the centres of the spindles. The rings are each formed with an upwardly
projecting flange at the top which meets the top of the traveller and thus acts as
a drag on the yarn which passes between the parts on its way to the cop. We also
use a thin sheath of india-rubber instead of the paper cop tubes usually employed.
When a frame stands at rest for some time with the yarn subjected to the pressure
of the drawing rollers the flutings of the said rollers usually mark, impress or cut

page_text: the yarn so as to weaken it and cause breakages when the fraine is re-started. We
relieve the yarn from the said pressure by providing means to raise and sustain the
weights on such rollers when the machine is stopped for any length of time.
In order that our Invention may be well understood we will refer to the accom-
panying sheets of drawings wherein Fig: 1. Sheet 1. made to a scale of three inches
to the foot represents an end elevation of a ring throstle and Fig: 2. represents a
front elevation of the same end, parts not necessary to the illustration of our
Invention being omitted. In the said Figs: a is the heart-wheel which communi-
cates a vibrating movement to the lever b. which has a fulcrum at c. This lever is
formed with planed sides to receive a carriago d. in which is mounted the aforesaid
cross shaft e. A plan view of this carriage appears in Fig: 4 Sheet 2. Upon this
shaft is a pulley f. and a cam g. the latter being separately shown in Fig: 3.
The said pulley is connected with a pulley h on the copping shaft i. by means of
a chain j. which passes below a pulley k. which is carried by the lever so that as
the lever end rises and falls the copping shaft is caused to rock to and fro in its
bearings. The locking motion-indicated in Fig: 3-prevents the pulley f. from
being turned by the strain upon the chain. A pin upon a bell-crank lever . serves
as an abutment for the projection on the cam g. and thereby keeps the said cam and
as a consequence the pulley f. from revolving. The lever l. is mounted upon a
bracket on the slide d. The cop,-ing shaft i. is provided with spur wheels which
gear with racks m. which give motion to the ring rail n or chains or other suitable
means may be employed to transmit the motion from the copping shaft to the ring
rail. The copping shafts i. i. on the two sides of the frame are connected by means
of a chain o. so that the two ring rails ise and fall in unison. A screw shaft p. is
mounted in the lever b. and enga_es with a nut which is attached to the sliding
carriage d. Upon this screw shaft is fixed a ratchet wheel q. with which engages.
a pawl which is mounted in a forked lever 1. The forked end of this lever is
bored to rock upon the screw shaft. The froe end of the lever rests upon a fixed
support at 8. so that as the end of the lever b. rises and falls the lever 7. is caused
to vibrate upon the screw shaft and at each vibration the ratchet wheel is slightly
turned by the action of the pawl. It will thus be seen that the screw shaft is
rotated to some extent at each rise of the ring rails. As the parts are arranged
the screw shaft has a left hand thread so that each of the said rotatory movements
causes the carriage d. to slide away from the pulley k. and as a consequence to lift
the ring rails a little higher. The range of motion of the ring rails remaining the
anime, it follows that the said 1ails are raised and lowered to levels which are both
a little higher for one lift than for the preceding lift so that the cops become built
up in the usual manner. The receding of the carriage brings the upper arm of the
lever . nearer to a fixed stop until the completion of the building up brings the
lever into actual contact with the said stop whereby at the descent of the lever b.
the lever l. is turned upon its fulcrum and the detaining pin is withdrawn so as to
permit the wheel f. to turn. The ring rails are then free to drop to their bottom
positions. An adjustable brake strap v. or a suitable brake acts upon the said
pulley to check the too rapid descent of the ring rails. A second chain u is
attached by one end to the pulley f. and by the other end to an adjustable fixing
on the lever b. When the pulley f. turns to permit the ring rails to drop as afore-
said the slack of the chain u is taken up. To set the parts for the next operation
of the frame the pawl is disengaged and the screw shaft p. is turned by means of a
handle in the reverse direction that will bring back the carriage toward the
pulley . This movement will cause the chain u to turn back the pulley f. in the
direction indicated in Fig: 3. until the carriage has been brought back to the start-
ing point when the pulley f. will have been turned back into the position shown in
the said Fig: and the pin will have dropped into its holding position. When the
ring rails are lowered the yarns are drawn over the serrated edges of collars which
we fix upon the spindles. A spindle provided with such a collar is shown in Fig: 5.
wherein w. is the serrated collar. This collar takes hold of the yarn so that when

page_text: the cop or bobbin is doffed the yarn breaks at the collar and the broken end is
usually beld and prevented from passing out of the traveller so that the commence-
ment of a fresh cop is facilitated. As the yarn proceeds to the back rollers
it passes below a nipping bar which is connected with the loaded arm of a
bell-crank lever y. which is mounted on a fixed stud or fulcrum. These parts
appear on a larger scale in Fig: 7. The unloaded arm of the said lever enters an
eye in a horizontal wires. which extends below the guide board and is formed
with a forked end upon which the yarn presses when ballooning. Fig: 8 is a plan
view of this forked wire. This pressure of the yarn moves the wire end-wise
whereby the loaded arm of the lever y. is sustained and the nipping. bar is kept
clear of the yarn. When the yarn breaks between the rollers and the traveller the
lever y. being no longer sustained the loaded arm draws down the nipping bar
which presses the yarn into a nick in the stand and the yarn being held is broken
by the draught of the rollers and with the exception of the short length which
passes forward after the severance waste of yarn is prevented. Fig: 9 illustrates
the construction of the spring brake which wo use to arrest the rotation of the
spindle when an end breaks. A lever a' is hinged to the spindle mounting or to a
suitable fixed part and is provided with a brake block b¹ which is caused to fit
a boss which is formed upon the wharve c². A spring d' is connected with the
brake lever in such a manner as that it tends to withdraw the brake block a slight
distance away from the said boss so that the latter runs clear of the brake block
during the ordinary working of tho spindle. The rotation of the spindle can be
arrested at any time when desirable by pressing the finger against the outer end of
the lever. The form of the lever and the form or method of application of the
spring may be varied. Figs: 5 and 6 illustrate the formation of the ring rail and
the method of attaching the rings thereto. The rail properly consists of two
bars ee which are secured to the rail carriers and are held at a distance apart to
suit the size of the rings employed The inner sides of these bars are planed
with rebates to receive split ring-holders f¹. The rebate in the bar e' is a little
undercut so as to prevent the ring holder from being lifted out of its place. The
holder is flattened on two opposite sides to fit in the rebates in the bars. The ring
is sprung into position in the holder which when adjusted is fixed in position by
means of a set-screw g' which also binds the ring within the holder by compressing
the latter. The rings are each formed with an upwardly projecting edge or bead
which is so proportioned with relation to the traveller employed as that the yarn
when passing to the spindle has to keep the traveller from contact with the said
edge so that the yarn rubs upon the said edge which as a consequence puts an
amount of drag upon the yarn. Fig: 10 illustrates one of the forms in which we
may make the india-rubber sheaths which we substitute for paper cop tubes. We
do not confine ourselves to the exact formation illustrated. Such rubber sheaths
cling more closely to the spindles and are not liable to be moved upward by the
pull of the lifting rail. Our arrangements for relieving the yarn from the pressure
of the drawing rollers when desirable are illustrated in Figs: 1 and 2. On each
side of the frame we apply a shaft which is mounted to rock in suitable bearing
brackets. The two shafts are connected by means of a link which is jointed to
levers m' m so that the two shafts are caused to move in unison. The rollers are
weighted by means of loaded levers o' which are connected with the saddle by
means of rods or wires. Upon these shafts are fixed arins n' an arm being fixed
in position below each of the loaded levers o¹. The lever m³ is formed as a worm
quadrant with which gears a worm pl which is fixed upon a shaft which is
provided with a wheel handle 7. When the shaft is turned by means of the said
handle the two shafts can be caused to turn in their bearings. The arms n' are
so adjusted as that when the handle is turned in one direction all the loaded
levers are lifted so that the loads are sustained and the weight is taken off the
rollers and when the handle is turned back in the contrary direction the loads aro
lowared so as to put the working weights upon the rollers.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is
1. The copping motion consisting of a pulley or wheel connected by means of a
chain with a pulley upon one of the copping shafts and mounted in or upon
a carriage which is fitted to slide upon the lever which is actuated by the heart
wheel the said carriage being moved at each lift of the ring or copping rail by
means of a screw shaft substantially as and for the purpose set forth and indicated
with reference to Figs: 1, 2 and 3 of the accompanying drawings.
2. The carriage & sliding on the lever b and carrying the pulley f. the screw
shaft p. the ratchet wheel q. and the chains j. and u. substantially as and for the
purpose set forth and indicated.
3. Locking the pulley f. until the building up is completed and the unlocking by
means of a stop against which the locking lever comes in contact substantially as
and for the purpose set forth and indicated.
4. The collar w. substantially as and for the purpose set forth and indicated
with reference to Fig: 5.
5. The arrangement for severing the yarn behind the drawing rollers kopt out of
action by the ballooning of the yarn substantially as set forth and indicated with
reference to Figs: 7 and 8.
6. The spring brake substantially as and for the purpose set forth and indicated
with reference to Fig: 9.
7. The ring rail consisting of two rebated bars and the split ring holders fitting
in the rebates and held by means of set screws substantially as set forth and
indicated.
8. The formation of the rings with projecting drag edges h¹ substantially as and
for the purpose set forth.
9. The employment of india-rubber sheaths in lieu of paper tubes for the
purpose set forth.
10. The arrangement for taking the weight off the rollers substantially as set
forth and indicated.
11. The conuected shafts provided with arms or fingers for lifting the loaded
levers or the weights when the shafts are caused to turn in their bearings sub-
stantially as set forth and indicated.
Dated this 3rd day of March 1885.