AN IMPROVED METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING AND APPLYING BLOCKS OF CONCRETE OR OTHER MATERIALS FOR BUILDING AND OTHER PURPOSES WHICH METHOD ALSO PROVIDES AN EFFICIENT MEANS OF VENTILATION
Year: 1884

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1 Improved Method of Constructing and Applying; Blocks
of Concrete or other Materials for "Building and other
Purposes. which Method also Provides an Efficient Means
L
I WILLIAM RICHARD CORNELL of the Globe Brick Works, Whitehall, Grays in
the County of Essex; Builder do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
for AN IMPROVED METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING AND APPLYING BLOCKS OF CONCRETE
OR OTHER MATERIALS FOR BUILDING AND OTHER PURPOSES WHICH METHOD ALSO
PROVIDES AN EFFICIENT MEANS OF VENTILATION to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to construct blocks of concrete or other materials
in such a manner and of such a form that when they are applied in my manner in
the walls of a building or elsewhere passages or spaces for air are left in the
interior of the walls through which all the foul air can be withdrawn from within
the building by the action of the ordinary fires and either burnt in the same or
discharged into the atmosphere outside.
To carry out this object I form the blocks of concrete or other materials in any
convenient manner and of any desired shape or size. One of the sides of each
block is made smooth and level to form the face of the wall and in the opposite
side is formed a deep depression or recess in the centre thereof. The walls all
round this depression or recess form the edges of the block.
.
I then build the wall in the following manner. Preferably a course of ordinary
blocks is first laid down and on this is placed a course of my blocks as before
described. These are placed and secured by mortar or otherwise close together in
two parallel rows and they are arranged in such a manner that while the smooth
level sides thereof form the outer side and the inner side of the wall the depression
in the one block faces and is opposite to the two adjacent lateral vertical edges of
the other blocks. There is thus formed an irregularly shaped horizontal space for
air along this course the whole length of the wall. Above this course is then
preferably laid a course of ordinary blocks which when they are formed as is
preferable the entire breadth of the wall or thereabouts assist in binding the
double course of blocks together. Above this again is another similar course of
my blocks and so on until the wall is completed wherein therefore there are a
series of horizontal spaces for air.
.

page_text: When the house or other building is completed in this manner one or more
passages are made from the floor spaces or from the sewers or dustbins or closets
or elsewhere into the lowest horizontal space. The foul air passing into this space
is heated therein when it passes behind the kitchen or other fire whereby a
circulation is set up in this space and the air passes round inside the wall until at
a suitable position in regard to the house or other building and the arrangement
thereof it meets a stop where this horizontal space is blocked up in any convenient
manner near to which stop is made a passage upwards through the edges of my
blocks and through the intervening course of blocks if any into the next above
horizontal space through which passage the air finds its way and passes round
inside the wall in this horizontal space until it is again stopped when it again
passes upwards into the next above horizontal space and so on until it reaches the
ridge of the roof where it is allowed to escape.
Other supplementary passages may also be made from any place on the
intermediate floors into the corresponding horizontal spaces and if desired the
several horizontal spaces can be divided vertically so that there would be created
two three or more systems each complete in itself the air in each of which would
not intermingle with the air in the others and which all would be actuated and.
would act in manner as before described.
I can also if I should so desire make a passage from the horizontal space into the
kitchen or other fire so that the foul air may be burnt.

page_text: I WILLIAM RICHARD CORNELL of the Globe Brick Works, Whitehall, Grays in
the County of Essex Builder do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
for AN IMPROVED METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING AND APPLYING BLOCKS OF CONCRETE
OR OTHER MATERIALS FOR BUILDING AND OTHER PURPOSES WHICH METHOD ALSO
PROVIDES AN EFFICIENT MEANS OF VENTILATION and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:—
The object of my Invention is to construct blocks of concrete or other materials
in such a manner and of such a form that when they are applied in the manner
hereinafter described in the walls of a building or elsewhere passages or spaces are
created in the interior of the said walls in which air can be made to circulate or
through which foul air can be withdrawn from within the building by the action
of the ordinary fires or by other sources of heat and either be discharged into the
external atmosphere or be burnt in the said fires as may be desired.
The blocks according to this my Invention can be made of concrete or other
suitable materials in any convenient manner and can be formed of any shape and
size that may be desirable or expedient having regard to the particular purposes
to or for which they are to be applied and I carry out my aforesaid object by
forming in each of these blocks a depression or recess in the centre of one of the
faces or sides thereof and I place the blocks so made and formed in the wall in
such a manner that these depressions or recesses create passages or spaces in the
interior of the wall which passages or spaces can communicate with each other as
is hereinafter described.
In order fully to describe and explain my Invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed I refer to the accompanying Drawing.
In Figures 1 and 2 I shew a block formed of a very convenient size proportion.
and shape for my aforesaid purposes. Figure 1 is a plan of the inner face of the
block. Figure 2 is a cross section of the block taken at a b in Figure 1.
In one face or side of the block A is formed a deep depression or recess B in the
centre of the said face or side and the walls C all round this depression or recess B
form the edges of the said block A. The other face or side of the block A is or,
may be smooth or plane or level or ornamented or shaped as may be desirable.
In Figures 3. 4 and 5 I shew the preferable method in which I arrange and
apply these blocks and therewith build the wall to carry out my aforesaid object.
Figure 3 is a transverse horizontal section of one course of my blocks as.
herein before described as arranged in a wall. Figure 4 is a longitudinal vertical
section of a wall built with my said blocks taken at c d in Figure 3. Figure 5 is
a transverse vertical section of the same taken at e f in Figure 3.
I preferably commence the wall by laying on a suitable foundation a course of
ordinary bricks or blocks D of any convenient size and on this course I place a.
course of my blocks A arranged in two parallel rows and these blocks are secured
in position close together by mortar or otherwise. The said blocks A are arranged
in such a manner that while the smooth or plane or level or or ornamented or
shaped sides thereof form the outer and inner faces of the wall as shewn in
Figures 3 and 5 the depression or recess B in the one block faces and is opposite
to the two adjacent lateral vertical edges C of the other blocks as shewn in
Figure 3. There is thus formed a continuous horizontal space inside of and along
one course of these blocks by the depressions or recesses in the inner faces of the.
-

page_text: blocks so arranged alternately. Above this course of blocks I can then lay a
course of ordinary bricks or blocks D which when they are made as is preferable
the entire breadth of the wall as shewn in Figure 5 assist in binding the double
course of the blocks A together but I can also omit these ordinary blocks D if I
should so desire and build the wall entirely of the blocks A formed as herein before
described. Above this course whether of the ordinary blocks D or of the blocks A
I then lay another double course of the blocks A in a similar manner and so on
until the wall is completed wherein therefore there are a series of horizontal
spaces.
+
I utilize these spaces in the following manner when all the walls of the building
are completed. One or more passages E are made from the floor, spaces as shewn
or from the sewers or dustbins or elsewhere into the lowest horizontal space and
the foul air passing into this space through the said passage or passages E is
heated therein as it passes behind the kitchen, or other fire place G when the fire is
lighted and burning. Passages can also be made in like manner from, the closets
or pipes F can be led from the basins or from the traps thereof into the horizontal
space on a level therewith which pipes can be prolonged if desired as far as the
said fire place to impart the more speedily a greater heat to the air by and through
the metal of the pipes. A circulation of the air is therefore established by the
heat of the fire and the air passes on in the horizontal space in the wall until at a
suitable position in regard to the house or other building and the arrangements
thereof it meets a stop where the said horizontal space is blocked up which may be
effected in any suitable manner. A convenient method of effecting this object is
shewn in Figures 3 and 4 where in the proper position in the wall a block A¹
formed in the same manner as hereinbefore described in regard to the block A but
of a shorter length is placed so that the lateral vertical edge C¹ of this block A¹
shall meet the lateral vertical edge C of the block A that faces it and thus the
horizontal space is closed. Near the stop I make a passage H upwards through
the horizontal edges of the blocks A' or A¹ as the case may be and through the
intervening course of bricks or blocks D if any into the next above horizontal
space through which passage H the air finds its way as shewn by the arrows and
passes on in this horizontal space in the wall until at a suitable position it is again
stopped when it again passes upwards into the next above horizontal space through
another similar passage H and so on until it reaches the ridge of the roof or other
position where I allow it to pass out and escape into the external atmosphere.
·
Other supplementary passages may also be made from any places on the
intermediate floors into the corresponding horizontal spaces on a level therewith
and I can cover the exit mouths of these passages in the said horizontal spaces
with cowls or with such appliances that an upward current of air shall be induced
therein into the said spaces by the main current established as herein before
described by the heat of the fire.
I can also divide the horizontal spaces vertically or otherwise in such a manner
that there would be created two or three or more separate systems of air circulation
as shewn in Figure 4 each of which systems would be complete in itself and the
air in one of the said systems would not intermingle with the air in the other
systems and which all would be actuated and would act in manner as herein before
described or the circulation of. air in the one system might be made to create an
induced current of air in the adjoining or other system or systems as may be most
convenient in each particular building..
I. can also if I should so desire make a passage or lead a pipe-from the
horizontal space into the kitchen or other fire so that the foul air may be burnt..
Thus by this my method of constructing and applying blocks for building
purposes passages are created in the walls for the extraction and circulation of air
which can be burnt or discharged as may be most desirable and though I consider
that the shapes and proportions of tlie blocks as shewn-in the Drawing and that
the method of arranging the blocks and of building the wall as described-and-
shewn are the best and most suitable for offecting my object as hereinbefore
,

page_text: declared I would have it clearly understood. that I do in no wise limit myself to
the said exact shapes and proportions or to the said exact method of arranging and
building so described and shewn for the same may be departed from and varied as
may be expedient or necessary in each particular case without departing from my
Invention as hereinbefore described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
The construction and application of blocks of concrete or other materials for
building and other purposes whereby passages are created inside the walls in
which air is made to circulate or through which foul air can be withdrawn from
within the building by the action of heat and therefrom be discharged or burnt
substantially as hereinbefore described and declared.