IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE SPRINGS AND OTHER SPRINGS
Year: 1884

page_text: We JAMES FREDERICK FAIRLEY and ALFRED FAIRLEY both of Nos 9 and 10
Shadwell Street Birmingham in the County of Warwick Steel Manufacturers
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CARRIAGE SPRINGS AND OTHER SPRINGS" to be as follows:-
The said invention has reference principally to springs for carriages but is also
applicable to other springs such for example as machine springs and springs for
mangles and washing machines.
We will describe the said invention as applied to a carriage spring.
We take bars or plates of steel corrugated in the direction of their length by
rolling the edges of the steel bar or plate being preferably in the same plane.
These corrugated bars or plates may either be of the same thickness throughout
or be thickest in substance at their middle and gradually diminish in thickness
towards their ends. Ordinarily we bend the corrugated bars or plates into a bow
shape but for some purposes they may be left straight. Where a light spring is
required it may be made of a single corrugated bar or plate of the kind described
but where a strong spring is required two or more of the said corrugated bars or
plates are combined the corrugations of one plate or bar fitting in the corrugations
of the plate or plates on one or on both sides of it.
In making the longitudinally corrugated steel bar or plate we employ a flat or
plain steel billet or bar and pass it in a heated state between a pair of rolls having
in them grooves of the required shape at right angles to their axes.
Springs made according to this invention are stronger weight for weight than
springs made from plain bars or plates.

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We JAMES FREDERICK FAIRLEY and ALFRED FAIRLEY both of Nos 9 and 10
Shadwell Street Birmingham in the County of Warwick, Steel Manufacturers.
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE
SPRINGS AND OTHER SPRINGS and in what manner the same is to be performed
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The said invention has reference principally to springs for carriages but is also
applicable to machine springs and springs for mangles and wringing machines.
We will describe the said invention as applied to a carriage spring.
We take bars or plates of steel corrugated in the direction of their length by
rolling the edges of the steel bar or plate being preferably in the same plane.
These corrugated bars or plates may either be of the same thickness throughout
or be thickest in substance at their middle and gradually diminish in thickness
towards their ends. Ordinarily we bend the corrugated bars or plates into a bow
shape but for some purposes they may be left straight. Where a light spring is
required it may be made of a single corrugated bar or plate of the kind described
but where a strong spring is required two or more of the said corrugated bars or
plates are combined the corrugations of one plate or bar fitting in the corrugations
of the plate or plates on one or on both sides of it.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawing represents in side elevation and Figure 2
in plan of underside a carriage spring made according to this invention and
Figure 3 represents a cross section of the spring drawn to a larger-scale; Figure 4
represents in plan; Figure 5 in cross section and Figure 6 in edge view, one of the
corrugated plates of which the carriage spring is made drawn to the same scale as
Figure 3.
The steel bars or plates corrugated in the direction of their length are marked a, a,
each of the said bars or plates having two parallel corrugations marked respec-
tively a, a³. We do not limit ourselves to the use of two corrugations as more
than two may be employed but in practice we have found two corrugations answer
well. We are aware that springs have been made from plain strips of steel in
which a single longitudinal buckle has been made by stamping or pressing and we
lay no claim to such springs. The use of two or more corrugations according to
our invention gives greater strength to the spring than one corrugation and springs
so made have the strength and required range of elasticity suitable for the purposes
to which we apply our invention. The edges of the corrugated bars or plates are
by preference in the same plane, see the cross sections Figures 3 and 5. The
straight corrugated plate or bar Figures 4, 5 and 6 is bent into a bow shape or
otherwise bent in the ordinary way, for the production of the carriage spring
Figures 1, 2 and 3 or other like spring. The manner in which cach of the
corrugated bars or plates of the compound carriage spring fits in the corrugations
of the plate or plates on one or on both sides of it is seen in Figure 3. The ends of
the springs are fashioned and the several plates secured together in any of the
ordinary ways.
We have represented the rolled corrugated steel bars or plates a of the same
thickness throughout but we do not limit ourselves thereto as the said harn or
plates may be thickest in substance at their middle and gradually diminish in
thickness towards their ends; or the bars or plates may taper from one end to the
opposite end.
The longitudinally corrugated bar or plate Figures 4, 5 and 6 may be used in
its straight condition instead of being bowed or bent and for light springs a single
corrugated bar or plate either straight or bowed or otherwise bent may be used.

page_text: In making the longitudinally corrugated steel bar or plate represented in the
drawing we employ a flat or plain steel billet or bar and pass it in a heated state
between a pair of rolls having in them grooves of the required shape at right
angles to their axes.
Springs made according to this invention are stronger, weight for weight, than
springs made from plain bars or plates and have a range of elasticity sufficient for
the purposes to which we apply them.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed We declare that what
we claim is :-
Making carriage springs, machine springs and springs for mangles and wringing
machines of one or more steel bars or plates having two or more parallel longi-
tudinal corrugations the said longitudinally corrugated steel bars or plates being
either bent into a bow or other shape or left straight substantially as herein before
described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawing.