IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS AND APPLIANCES FOR SCREWING AND TAPPING BOLTS, NUTS, TUBES, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joshua Heap, of Oldham, in the County of
Lancaster, Tool Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS AND APPLIANCES FOR SCREWING AND TAPPING BOLTS, NUTS, TUBES,
AND OTHER ARTICLES.”
Sealed the 28th September 1875, and dated the 30th March 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joshua Heap at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th March 1875.
I, JOSHUA HEAP, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Tool
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS AND APPLIANCES FOR SCREWING AND TAPPING BOLTS,
NUTS, TUBES, AND OTHER ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates in the first place to apparatus adapted more
particularly to be employed in the screwing of bolts and screws.
In the said apparatus, as constructed in accordance with my Invention,
the bolts to be screwed are inserted and fixed in orifices formed in a diso

page_text: or frame which can be turned at intervals so as to present the bolts
successively before the cutter head. The said cutter head is fitted with
dics, which I prefer should be arranged to be adjusted by revolving a
cam ring in the same or in a similar manner, as in the case of a former
Invention, for which Her Majesty's Royal Letters Patent, bearing date
the Fourteenth day of May, in the year One thousand eight hundred
and seventy-three, have been granted to me. The said cutter head is
formed or provided with a neck, which revolves in a bearing formed in a
headstock, and also with a strap pulley. The said neck is bored out to
receive a shaft, which also revolves in a bearing in the said headstock,
and on the said shaft is mounted a carrier which carries intermediate
wheels which gear with internal spur teeth on the said strap pulley. A
second strap pulley is provided with a pinion which gears with the said
intermediate wheels and with a clutch, the sliding portion of which is
operated upon by a tumbling lever, which also gives motion to the strap
guide, and is acted upon by stops carried by a slide, upon which the
aforesaid disc or frame is mounted. During the operation of screwing
the strap is upon the second pulley, which imparts the slow motion to
the cutter head. The said disc or frame is drawn towards the cutter
head until a stop on the said slide throws over the said lever, whereby
the strap is shifted on to the other pulley and the clutch is thrown into
gear. The two pulleys and the intermediate gearing now move at the
same speed, which furnishes a quick return motion to the cutter head.
The said slide may be moved by hand when required by means of a rack
and pinion. A cutter formed or fixed on a shaft, which receives a
revolving motion, faces the end of each bolt, a spring keeping the said
cutter in contact with the end of the bolt for a suitable length of time
during the screwing of another bolt.
In another form of apparatus the cutter head receives motion through
gearing from a driving shaft on which are mounted fast and loose pulleys,
and the bolt to be screwed is held in a vice, which is mounted on a
carriage, which is fitted to slide upon a bed to and from the said cutter
head. The said vice is fitted with two sliding heads which can be moved
towards or from each other by means of a right and left-hand screw
which is prevented from moving in an endwise direction. The lower
part of each head, which is formed with a projecting foot, is fitted in a
V slide in the said sliding carriage, and the projecting foot of one head
slides alongside and beneath the other head, whereby compactness and

page_text: steadiness are obtained. A tap holder may be mounted in or upon the
said cutter head, the nuts to be tapped being held in the vice in the
usual manner.
The said sliding carriage may be moved to and fro as
required by means of a rack and pinion.
My Invention relates in the next place to apparatus for tapping only.
In this apparatus I employ a novel form of tap which is fitted to bo
turned by both ends at the same time. A part at about the centre of
the length of the tap is formed to effect the cutting, and plain portions
at the ends receive the blanks and the screwed nuts. Two headstocks
are fitted to slide upon the bed of the apparatus, and are fitted with
chucks or heads or spindles which receive a revolving motion from a
back shaft. Each chuck or spindle end is formed with a square recess,
or is otherwise formed to engage with the end of the tap so as to turn
the same, and each headstock can be slid to and fro by means of a rack
and pinion or by other suitable means, in order that a headstock may be
engaged with or disengaged from the end of the tap. One of the head-
stocks being withdrawn blanks are placed on the end of the tap and the
headstock is moved back. The blanks enter successively a holding
groove, which prevents them from revolving, and the said blanks are
thus caused to travel along the tap and to be discharged on to the
unthreaded part of the other end of the tap, from which they are
removed at intervals by withdrawing the headstock.
I prefer to form the holding groove in or on a wheel or disc which is
free to revolve or to form such groove by employing two discs or rings,
the distance apart of which can be adiusted.

page_text: of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Joshua Heap, Her special
license that I, the said Joshua Heap, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Joshua Heap, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, usc, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
AND APPLIANCES FOR SCREWING AND TAPPING BOLTS, NUTS, TUBES, AND OTHER
ARTICLES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Joshua Heap, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said In-
vention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joshua Heap, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement and accompanying Drawings, that is to
say:
My Invention relates in the first place to apparatus adapted more
particularly to be employed in the screwing of bolts and screws.
In the said apparatus, as constructed in accordance with my Invention,
the bolts to be screwed are inserted and fixed in orifices formed in a disc
or frame which can be turned at intervals so as to present the bolts
successively before the cutter head. The said cutter head is fitted with
dies, which I prefer should be arranged to be adjusted by revolving a
cam ring in the same or in a similar manner, as in the case of a former
Invention, for which Her Majesty's Royal Letters Patent bearing date
the Fourteenth day of May, in the year One thousand eight hundred
and seventy-three, have been granted to me. The said cutter head is
formed or provided with a neck which revolves in a bearing formed in a
headstock, and also with a strap pulley. The said neck is bored out to
receive a shaft which is fixed by one end in the said headstock, and on

page_text: the said shaft is mounted a carrier which carries intermediate wheels
which gear with intermediate spur teeth on the said strap pulley. A
second strap pulley is provided with a pinion which gears with the said
intermediate wheels and with a clutch, the sliding portion of which is
operated upon by a tumbling lever, which also gives motion to the strap
guide, and is acted upon by stops carried by a slide, upon which the
aforesaid dise or frame is mounted. A cutter formed or fixed on a shaft
which receives revolving motion faces the end of each bolt, a weight or
spring keeping the said cutter in contact with the end of the bolt for a
suitable length of time during the screwing of another bolt.
In another form of apparatus the cutter head receives motion through
gearing from a driving shaft on which are mounted driving pulleys, and
the bolt to be screwed is held in a vice which is mounted on a carriage
which is fitted to slide upon a bed to and from the said cutter head. The
said vice is fitted with two sliding heads which can be moved towards or
from each other by means of a right and left-hand screw which is
prevented from moving in an endwise direction. The lower part of
cach head which is formed with a projecting foot is fitted in a ✓ slide in
the said sliding carriage, and the projecting foot of one head slides
alongside and beneath the other head, whereby compactness and steadiness
are obtained.
My Invention relates in the next place to apparatus for tapping only.
In this apparatus I employ a novel form of tap which is fitted to bc
turned by both ends at the same time. A part at about the centre of
the length of the tap is formed to effect the cutting, and plain portions
at the ends receive the blanks and the screwed nuts. Two headstocks
are fitted to slide upon the bed of the apparatus, and are fitted with
chucks or heads, or spindles which receive a revolving motion from a
shaft. Each chuck or spindle end is formed to engage with the end of
the tap so as to turn the same, and each headstock can be slid to and
fro by means of a rack and pinion, or by other suitable means, in order
that a headstock may be engaged with or disengaged from one end of
the tap. One of the headstocks being withdrawn blanks are placed on
the end of the tap and the headstock is moved back. The blanks enter
successively a holding groove which prevents them from revolving, and
the said blanks are thus caused to travel along the tap, and to be
discharged on to the unthreaded part of the other end of the tap

page_text: And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood I
have appended hereunto a Sheet of Drawings drawn about one-fourth of
the full size, and marked with letters of reference, corresponding marks
indicating the same parts in the various Figures.
Referring to the said Drawings, Fig. 1 represents a side elevation
partly in section; and Fig. 2 a front elevation of the apparatus which
constitutes the first part of my Invention; Fig. 3 representing a portion
of the apparatus reversed so as to show the other side thereof.
In the said Figures A is the said headstock, and B is the herein-
before mentioned cutter head. The said cutter head is formed with a
shank or boss which revolves in the front bearing of the headstock and
is bored to revolve on the shaft a which is fixed by one end in the back
end of the said headstock. A strap pulley bis fixed or formed on the
said boss, and a carrier plate d formed with a long boss is mounted on
the shaft a. A second strap pulley c is fitted to revolve on the boss of
the said carrier plate and carries a pinion which gears with the inter-
mediate wheels which are mounted on studs fixed to the said carrier
plate and which gear with internal teeth formed in the pulley b. A
strap guide f is fixed to a sliding bar g, seen in Fig. 3, and the
sliding bar is moved to and fro by a tumbling lever which is acted
upon by the sliding carriage i. The said tumbling lever is mounted on
a spindle which is fitted to revolve in bearings bored in horns which are
formed on the end of the shaft a, and is formed with a cam which acts
upon a rod m, and is fitted to slide within the shaft a which is bored
to receive the said spindle. A ring n is fitted to slide upon the shaft a,
and is formed with teeth or projections which are designed to engage
with corresponding teeth or projections on the boss of the pulley, so as
to act together as a "clutch box." The ring n is connected with the
inner end of the rod m by means of a cottar which passes through slots
in the said shaft and is fixed in the said rod. The said tumbling lever is
acted upon alternately by the end projection on the adjustable bar o and
the bowl p.
One end of a spindle q is fitted to revolve in a boss which
is cast on the headstock, the other end revolving in a bush which is
fitted to slide in a second boss on the said headstock. The said bush is
formed with rack spur teeth with which engages a spur pinion, on the

page_text: is suspended.
The front end of the spindle q is provided with a cutter which is
suitably formed to cut or finish the ends of bolts. I prefer to so form
the said cutter as that a small area of the centre of the end of bolt shall
remain uncut, and shall impinge on a hard surface in the centre of the
cutter so as to stop the action of the cutter when the bolt end is
sufficiently cut. The spindle q receives motion from the pulley c by
means of a spur wheel which is cast on the said pulley, and gears with
a pinion which is mounted on the said spindle. On a stud on the
front end of the sliding carriage is mounted a disc u in which are
formed orifices to receive five bolts, which can be secured in the said
orifices by means of set screws. Discs are provided to suit the varying
sizes of bolts which are intended to be screwed, the disc on the end of
carriage i being changed as required. The said carriage is provided with
rack teeth with which gears a spur pinion on the shaft v, which can be
turned by means of a winch handle or hand wheel so as to slide the
said carriage in one direction or the other.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-Bolts having been fixed in
the orifices in the disc u, it is moved towards the cutter head by turning
the shaft until the screwing discs act upon the uppermost bolt j, and as
the screwing proceeds the carriage i is drawn in the direction of the
arrow in Fig. 1. During the screwing the driving strap runs upon the
pulley c and the tumbling lever is in the nearly vertical position,
represented by Fig. 3. When in this position the clutch box n is in
gear, whereby the carrier plate d is prevented from revolving, and the
pinion on the boss of the pulley c acting through the wheels e, e, on the
said carrier plate imparts the slow screwing speed to the cutter head.
As the screwing proceeds the projection on the bar o comes in contact
with the lower end of the tumbling lever and throws the said lever
over into the position represented in Fig. 1, the parts in the said Figure
being in the position assumed when the screwing is finished. The
tumbling lever in falling over shifts the strap on the pulley b and dis-
engages the clutch n.
The pulley b, the carrier plate d, and the pulley o
now revolve together in a reversed direction and at a quicker speed, the
effect being that the carriage i is moved in the direction contrary to that

page_text: indicated, and the bolt is thereby withdrawn from the dies. The disc u
is rotated to bring a fresh bolt opposite the cutter head, and is fixed in
position by means of the pin w, and the carriage i is moved by means of
the shaft until the bowl p acting on the tumbling lever has moved it
back into the position represented in Fig. 3, whereby the motions
requisite for the screwing operations will be resumed. The bolt last
screwed or next to be screwed will now be acted upon by the cutter on
the spindle q, the said cutter being pressed against the bolt end by the
action of the weight, the spindle q sliding in the pinion t. The tumbling
lever is preferably arranged to slide on its spindle in order that for
some purposes it may not be acted upon by the said projection and
bowl.

page_text: Fast and loose pulleys may be employed, if preferred. This apparatus
may also be employed in the screwing of tubes, and in the tapping of
nuts, a tap holder represented by f¹ being fixed to the cutter head when
required for the last named purpose.
The remaining Figures illustrate the last part of my Invention, Fig. 7
being a longitudinal section; Fig. 8, a plan; and Fig. 9, a cross section.
In this example two headstocks g¹ and h¹ are fitted to slide in the same
straight line upon a bed E, which is or may be mounted on a suitable
stand. Each headstock is bored and bushed, and each bush is bored to
receive a spindle , which in the example is slightly tapered, but may be
cylindrical, if preferred. Each spindle is formed with a head, which is
bored and bushed, the bushes being removable or changeable, a number
being required to fit the ends of the various sized taps; this may be
varied by forming or fixing on the spindles adjustable chucks adapted to
suit all the sizes of taps. On the other end of each spindle is fixed a
spur wheel, which gears with a spur pinion fixed on the driving
shaft m', the pinions being sufficiently long to permit the required
sliding movement to be imparted to the headstocks. The said driving
shaft is fitted to revolve in suitable bearings formed in the bed E, and in
the example is provided with two pairs of fast and loose pulleys, in order
that the speed may be readily changed, but the said change may be
otherwise effected, and one pair of pulleys be alone mounted and fixed
on the said shaft. Two discs n' are fixed on a spindle l, and the said
spindle rests in open top bearings formed in the bed E. The distance
apart of these discs is a little more than the breadth of the nut to be
tapped.
The discs can be readily changed for any other set arranged at a
distance apart to suit another size of nut. Figure 10 represents an uncut
blank of one of the smaller taps employed; a tap of a larger size is
represented in section in action in Figure 7. Each tap is formed with
a tapering square at each end, or is otherwise formed to be turned by the
spindles, and is formed with a central cutting part, and with blank

page_text: vap
ани Ang Substantially as and for
purpose set forth and indicated herein-before and in the accompanying
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joshua Heap, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.
Signed and sealed by the said
Joshua Heap, in the pre-
sence of
EDWARD K. DUTTON,
Agent to the Patentee,
3, Princess Street,
Manchester.
JOSHUA HEAP. (L.S.)