IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED IN WEAVING
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Collier, of Halifax, in the County of
York, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS USED IN WEAVING."
Sealed the 4th May 1853, and dated the 10th March 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Collier at
the Ollice of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition on
the 10th March 1858.
1. GEORGE COLLIER, of Halifax, in the County of York, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED IN WEAVING" to be as follows:-
The Improvements relate, firstly, to a novel arrangement of self.
acting temple. Serrated or roughened surfaces nip the cloth between
them by spring or other pressure, and when some quantity of cloth is
woven these surfaces are, by a lever movement, caused to loose their
holl of the cloth, advance towards the reed, and take hold of a fresh
quantity. Also to extending such temples across the width of fabric
Laing mada

page_text: Secondly, to so arranging the tappets which work the leaves of hed-
dies that each of a pair or set of heddles, in passing the centre for a
change of shed, may follow in succession, and thereby admit of a better
clearance of the warp.
Thirdly, to means by which, when any of the warp threads break
during the process of weaving, the loose ends thereof may be drawn
away from the other warp threads, and also from the harness, so as to
prevent their entanglement.
Fourthly. The improvements consist in forming inclined knobs or
enlargements on the connecting rods between the upper and lower jacks
or levers which work the healds when using a wedge-formed bar to
act upon the wedge-formed ends of the jacks, in order to open the
shed, such as was described in the Specification of a Patent granted to
Mr. John Mason and myself on the 26th day of March 1849, and in
forming slits or notches in the rising and falling bars capable of receiv
ing such connecting rods when the same are actuated thereto by suitable
pattern surface.
The upper surface of the slits or openings of the lift-
ing bar, and the under surface of the slits or openings in the lowering
bar, are hollowed out conically, so as to receive the enlargement on the
connecting rod, and effect a better holding thereof, whilst the opposite
surfaces of the bars are inclined, to facilitate the knobs or enlargements
passing them when the change is being effected.
Fifthly, to the application of an internal break caused to act within
the driving or other suitable drum of a loom, and brought into opera-
tion by the direct action of the stop-rod when a shuttle fails to enter its
box the driving strap being at the same time, and by like means,
shifted from the fast to the loose pulley.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Collier, in the Great Seal Patent Office,
on the 10th September 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME ],
GEORGE COLLIER, of Halifax, in the County of York, Engineer, send
greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the sixteenth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,, give and grant
unto me, the said George Collier, Her special licence that I, the said
George Collier, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as 1, the said George Collier, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and law-
fully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED IN
WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others) that Ị, the said George
Collier, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE. that I, the said George Collier, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof (that is to say);
The Invention relates-
First, to a novel arrangement of self-acting temple.
Secondly. My Invention relates to a mode of working the leaves of
heddles.
Thirdly. My Invention relates to withdrawing the loose ends of
broken warp threads, to prevent their entanglement with other of the
warp threads, or with the leaves of heddles.
Fourthly. My Invention relates to a novel arrangement and mode of
working brakes applied to looms, to act when the shuttle fails to enter
its box.
And fifthly, my Invention relates to a mode of arranging parts
which work the "jacks" or levers for working the healds or heddles
when working, according to arrangements of parts described in the

page_text: describe the means pursued by me.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1, shows a front view; Figure 2, a section: Figure 8, a portion
of a plan; and Figure 4, an end view of parts of a loom, with some of my
improvements applied thereto. I have not thought it necessary to show
the loom entire, but have confined myself principally to showing such
parts only as will serve to illustrate my improvements. a, a, is the fram-
ing; b, is the main or crank axis, and e, is the tappet shaft; d, is the
warp beam, and e, the work or cloth beam; f, is the batten, and f', the
swords carrying the batten, which are worked by means of the connect-
ing links f. from the crank shaft b, in the usual manner: g, is the
temple," arranged and worked according to the first part of the Inven•
tion. This temple consists of two bars extended across the width of
"
the fabric as it is produced, one on the upper and the other on the
under side thereof; and these bars g, are affixed at each end to or
formed with spring arms g', which have a tendency to press the bars g.
together, and thus hold the fabric distended between them. g, are levers
one on each side of the loom, whose inner ends are flattened, and pass in
between the two spring arms g', and by their formi have a tendency.
when depressed, to open the arms g', and separate the bars g, in order
to their moving backwards to take hold of a fresh portion of fabric.
This movement is effected by means of the rods g, which are con
nected at their lower ends to the arms g. aflixed to the axis g', which
is supported so as to turn in the framing of the loom. Upon the
axis g', is also affixed another arm g, which is capable of being acted
upon at certain times by the point of the cam g, upon the short axis g'.
carried by one of the swords of the batten, and which has also affixed to
it the ratchet g, which is taken into and moved after each beat up by
the clawker g, so that the parts g, may not be acted upon at every beat
up of the lay, but only when, in the revolution of the cam g, its point
is in a position to come against the end of the arm g"..
The object of this arrangement is, that the work being held distended

page_text: by the instruments g, they may hold it during several successive beats
up; then, for one or more beats up of the lay, the point of the cam
coming against the arm g. the rods g², will be drawn downwards,
causing the levers g*, partially to separate the bars g; and at such time
the rods g, will have the projections go, formed thereon, brought against
the springs g, by which they will be forced backwards, moving the
bars g, a short distance backwards to enable them to take hold of a
fresh portion of the fabric just when a beat up is being effected, and
the fabric is, by the reed, being held distended.
The bars g, are towards each end of their nipping surfaces formed with
steel, roughened in order better to hold the fabric and keep it distended:
h, h, and i, i, are the healds or heddles, for shedding the warp.arranged and
worked according to the second part of the Invention; and the peen-
liarity consists in working them so that each of a pair, when passing
the centre for a change of shed, may, in place of doing so at the same
level, be caused one to take the lead of the other, and thereby admit of
a better clearance of the warp; and thus save the warp, when weaving
plain linen cloth, from being so frequently broken. 1 effect this by
causing the tappets to act at the change one a little in advance of the
other. ', ', are the tappets, for working the healds h, h, by means of
levers h, h, and rods ", h; and i', ', are tappets for working the healds
,, by means of the levers ., and rods ; and to admit of this
variation in the working of the healds the pairs of healds h, h, or i. i.
are connected together by bands ', and ', which pass over pulleys le,
and, suspended from the bands h", ".
In carrying out the third part of my Invention, I pass each of the
warp threads through the eye of a weighted thread j, and these threads j.
have affixed to them a weight or lingo j, so that in the event of any one
of the warp threads breaking, the broken end thereof will be drawn
downwards, away from the other warp threads, by its weight j'. and
thus be prevented from becoming entangled with other of the warp
threads, or with the harness of the loom. In place of weights being
employed to withdraw the broken ends of the warp threads from other
of the warp threads, or from the harness, sometimes use a brush,
moving backwards; and I use for this purpose a circular brush in the

page_text: position indicated by the dotted circle j, to which I give slow rotary
motion, in the direction of the dotted arrow. k, is the brake, arranged
and worked according to the fourth part of my Invention; it is shown
applied to the interior of the driving pulley, but this is not material,
as it may be applied to the interior of any other rim, where it may
have a like effect of stopping the motion of the loom by the direct
action of the stop rod, when the shuttle fails of being properly boxed.
, is the stop rod, and the finger which is acted upon in the ordinary
way by the swell when the shuttle is properly boxed; but when, from
any cause, the shuttle fails to enter its box, the swell will not be acted
upon to force back the finger : and the outer end of the arm, also
affixed to the stop rod, will then be raised, and catch the upper end of
the lever, which turns upon a pin 4, carried by the framing, and
which is, by means of the rod 4, connected to the pin k, projecting from
the short arm, affixed to an axis ", which turns in bearings carried
by the framing: and to this pin . is also connected one end of the
rod, the upper end of which is affixed by pin joint to the brake k.
When, by the absence of the shuttle from the box, the hooked end of
the arm, in the forward movement of the batten, comes against the
upper end of the lever, that lever will draw the arm k, so that it
will be in a line to draw the brake ", by means of the rod, with the
greatest force against the rim of the pulley. is a double nut to the
rod, to adjust its length, so as to obtain the required strain. This
arrangement and mode of working brakes will be found peculiarly
applicable to looms for working at quick speeds, thereby avoiding
sudden shocks produced by the ordinary arrangement of stop motion.
The stop
rod is also furnished with an arm, to act upon levers and
parts, by which the driving strap may at the same time be shifted from
the fast to the loose pulley, as is well understood. , is a stop for the
lever
.
Figure 5, shows an outline side view of a loom, with apparatus ap-
plied according to the fifth part of my Invention, and Figure 6, shows
a front view of that apparatus. a, a, are the healds, which are con-
nected by the cords b. b, in the usual way, to levers or “jacks
c, which
are connected together, and worked by the rods d; and these con-

page_text: ...
necting rods d, are moved into position to be raised or lowered by the
rising and falling bars e, f, by suitable pattern surface. That which
I use consists of a series of pins placed in the order desired, upon the
bars or ** lags g, which are connected together so as to form an
endless chain, and are worked in any suitable manner, so as to have an
intermittant motion, to bring up a fresh line of pins after each pick of
the shuttle. I have not thought it necessary to show this motion, as
such will readily be adapted by a workman accustomed to this class
of machinery, and such have been shown and described in the Speci-
lications and Drawings of other Patents granted to Mr. John Mason,
in connection with myself. The rods d. pass through sliding rods h,
through each of which also passes the lower end of a spring i, which,
when any of the bars d, are to be moved into position to be acted upon
by the falling bar f, are acted upon by pins, in a bar g, to move their
bars h, and consequently their rods . The change takes place whilst
the shed is being held open by a wedge-formed piece j, which passes
in between the ends of the lower jacks, as was fully described in a
recent Patent granted to Mr. John Mason and myself; that wedge-
formed piece, having a to and fro movement given to it by means of
the arms e, k, projecting up from the axis k', upon which is also
formed or affixed the arm, which, by means of the connecting rod 4,
is worked from the stud pin me, upon the plate m', on the crank axis.
This stud m, also receives the upper end of the rod n, the lower end
of which is connected to one end of the lever o, which turns upon the
centre pin o', and which lever gives motion to the rising and falling
bars e, 7. The rods d, have projections d', formed in their sides, and
the rising and falling bars have notches e, /', formed in them, acting
as combs to receive the rods d; the underside of these combs in the
falling bar, and the upper sides of these combs in the lifting bar, being
notched, better to receive the projections d'
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, I would have
it understood that I do not confine myself to the precise details, so long
as the peculiar character of any part thereof be retained, but what 1
claim is,
First, the mode of arranging, combining, and working parts forming
a self-acting temple, as explained.

page_text: Secondly, claim the arranging the tappets, or other apparatus,
working leaves of heddles, so that one of each pair of heddles
may (in passing the centre for the change of shed) precede the other,
as explained.
Thirdly, claim the so arranging parts in connection with weaving
apparatus, that, when any of the warp threads break, the ends of such
threads may be withdrawn, to avoid entanglement with other threads,
or with the harness, as explained.
Fourthly, claim the application of a brake, acting internally, of the
driving pulley, or other rim, and brought into action directly from the
stop rod, as explained.
Fifthly,
claim the mode of arranging and combining the parts
d', e', and ', as explained in respect of Figures 5, & 6.
In witness whereof, 1. the said George Collier, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Tenth day of September, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
Winess. WILLIAM BROOKES,
73, Chancery Lane,
GEORGE COLLIER. (L.s.)