IMPROVEMENTS IN FLUID-TIGHT JOINTS FOR PIPES
Year: 1885

page_text: We WILLIAM EDWARD WALKER and WILLIAM PEILE of Whitehaven in the
County of Cumberland Civil and Mining Engineers and WILLIAM COOK of Cleator
Moor in the same County Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FLUID-TIGHT JOINTS FOR PIPES," to be
as follows:-
Our Invention relates to the jointing or connecting together of the pipes used in
the conveyance of fluids as for example of water and gas and has for its object to
obtain a joint or connection which shall be suitably tight and which can be quickly
made and at the same time will not be costly as compared with the joints as ordi-
narily made. In the cases of the mains used in the conveyance of water our
improved joint is intended to be used instead of the ordinary lead joint. We form
the end of one pipe with a conical or taper socket into which enters the spigot end
of the pipe which is to be connected with the first named pipe and which by prefer-
ence is also conical or taper. In the said spigot end is formed a groove to receive
a ring of vulcanised caoutchouc. On the outside of the spigot and on the inside of
the socket are formed tapering snugs having spaces between them so that the snugs
on the spigot can be entered between the snugs in the socket. The outer edges of
the snugs upon the spigot and the inner edges of the snugs in the socket are tapered.
When the spigot is passed into the socket and turned upon its axis the snugs act
upon each other as wedges whereby the elastic joint ring is forcibly pressed against
the taper inner surface of the socket. In some or in all cases we make openings or
passages to admit the water into a channel in the groove which is formed on the
spigot as aforesaid the intention being to press the ring outward against the socket.
To prevent the water from escaping past the ring and also to better support the
ring we prefer to make the outer edge of the said groove larger in diameter than
the inner edge. We do not confine ourselves to the use of vulcanised caoutchouc in
the making of the said joint ring and in particular when applying our invention to
the connecting of gas pipes we use a material better suited to withstand the action
of the gas as for example we use asbestos, cotton or other suitable elastic material
and treat the ring with red lead mixed with oil or with a suitable cement or
impervious composition.

page_text: We WILLIAM EDWARD WALKER and WILLIAM PELLE of Whitehaven in the
County of Cumberland Civil and Mining Engineers and WILLIAM COOK of Cleator
Moor in the same County Mechanical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FLUID TIGHT JOINTS FOR PIPES and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement and accompanying drawings :—
"
Our. Invention relates to the jointing or connecting together of the pipos used in
the conveyance of fluids as for example of water and gas and has for its object to
obtain a joint or connection which shall be suitably tight and which can be quickly
made and at the same time will not be costly as compared with the joints as ordi-
narily made. In the cases of the mains used in the conveyance of water our
improved joint is intended to be used instead of the ordinary lead joint.
The Invention will be best described with reference to the accompanying drawings
wherein Fig. 1 represents a section of a pipe joint. In Fig. 2 the joint is partly in
section and the section is taken on a plane at right angles to that of Fig. 1. Fig. 3
is an end view of the part A. which we will term the socket end of a pipe and Fig. 4
is an end view of the part B. which we will term the spigot end of a pipe. It will
be understood that in a range of piping each pipe would usually be formed at one
end like the part A. and at the other end like the part B. The socket in A is made
conical from the point a¹ to the point a and the coned or tapering end e. of the
spigot enters this conical socket. A modification in the form of the socket is
indicated in Fig. 5. On the end of the spigot B. is formed a groove to receive an
elastic packing ring c. For some purposes as for example for water pipes this ring
would be made of vulcanised caoutchouc but when making the joints of gas pipes we
should use asbestos, hemp or other suitable elastic material treated with red lead
mixed with oil or with a suitable cement or impervious composition. The outer end
of the socket widens out into a mouth part ƒ. and on the inside of this part are
formed two feathers g. g. which are tapered on their inner edges. On the spigot B.
are formed two lugs h h. which are tapered to correspond with the feathers g. Each
of the parts g. and h. extends a little less than a quarter way around the part A
or B. so that when the spigot is passed into the socket the lugs . can pass through
the spaces i. i. in Fig. 2 between the ends of the feathers g. The parts g. and h.
are so tapered and formed as that when the spigot B. is passed into the socket A..
and is then turned upon its axis the said parts act like the threads of a screw and
nut whereby the spigot is forced into the socket and the elastic ring c. becomes
tightly pressed against the conical socket so as to make a tight joint. In some
cases we form holes extending from the bottom of the groove in which the packing
ring is contained through the substance of the part B. as indicated at . in Fig. 1.
in order that the fluid pressure may act upon the ring to press it outward against.
the inner surface of the socket. With the same object a channel may be made in
the bottom of the said groove in the manner indicated in Fig. 5. There may be
more than two lugs and two feathers upon the spigot and socket especially in the
cases of large pipes each lug or feather being made comparatively shorter than the

page_text: indication in the drawings. The joint is less affected by settlement of the ground
in which the pipes are laid than the ordinary joints and is particularly suitable for
pipes which are used for temporary purposes as the pipes can be quickly connected
together and can readily be disconnected whenever necessary.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is
1. The improved pipe joint consisting of a spigot on which are formed taper lugs
and which is grooved to receive an elastic packing ring and of a conical socket
which is provided with taper feathers substantially as and for the purpose set forth
and indicated.
2. In a pipe joint the spigot B. formed with taper lugs h. and grooved to receive
an elastic packing ring c. and the socket part A. formed with a conical socket and
with taper feathers g. the parts g. and h. acting upon one another to force the
ring c. into tight contact with the socket substantially as set forth.