IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SPUN SILK YARNS
Year: 1886

page_text: I JOHN HEATON CHARNLEY of Horsforth near Leeds, Silk Spinner do hereby
declare the nature of my invention for AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
SPUN SILK YARNS to be as follows:-
The yarn is spun from silk waste, which has been dressed in the Gum or undischarged
state only; the operations of drawing and spinning being performed after the dressed
silk has been ungummed or discharged.
A great saving in the cost of production is claimed, as hitherto waste silk from which
spun silk yarns are made, has been either, dressed in the Gum as above described,
discharged and dressed again, or, dressed in the discharged or softened state only.

page_text: I JOHN HEATON CHARNLEY of Horsforth near Leeds, Silk Spinner do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The process of the manufacture of Spun silk yarns for which the dressing of the silk
waste or raw material is described shortly in my provisional specification as being
improved upon, is known as the long spinning process, the manufacture being
completed by some process of cleaning with or without fire and it is to this process that
my invention relates.
In the manufacture of spun silk yarns by the long spinning process the silk waste
has heretofore been prepared for the drawing and spinning by means of what is known
as dressing or combing, in several different ways; by one process the silk is first
boiled off or discharged of its (so called) gum, and afterwards dressed or combed; by
another process the silk is dressed or combed in the gum or undischarged state, and
after being discharged or softened is again dressed or combed, which process is known
technically in the trade as redressing; by another process the silk is softened by
fermentation or steeping and only partially discharged of its gum and afterwards
dressed or combed.
Now I have found by experiment, that with many descriptions of silk raw material,
good merchantable yarns may be made from silk which has been dressed or combed in
the gum or undischarged state only, and that the process of redressing or any dressing
or combing in the discharged or softened state of the silk is unnecessary and may be
dispensed with the action of the pins or gills in the processes of drawing, combined
with the drafts appearing to sufficiently divide or split up the fibre of the silk so as to
enable it to be spun satisfactorily when it has been dressed or combed in the gum or
undischarged state only and afterwards discharged or softened; the cost of production
is materially lessened by this method of working, not only by a saving in time and
wages, but also by enabling a larger percentage of yarn to be produced from a given
weight of raw material than has hitherto been obtained by any process of long
spinning.
In order to effect this by my invention I dress or comb the silk raw material in the
Gum or undischarged state only, by any method of dressing or combing; I then make
the dressed or combed silk into a lap, by means of a spreading box or machine, or by
any other convenient process, and whilst in this convenient form for handling I either
discharge or soften the silk, by boiling off, fermentation, steeping or by any process of
discharging or softening; but whilst I consider this the best and most convenient
stage at which to discharge or soften the silk, it may be so discharged or softened at
any other part of the process of preparation, suitable, so that this operation is done
after the silk is dressed or combed and prior to its being spun ; after the silk has been

page_text: so discharged or softened, I put it through any course of drawing suitable for
preparation for long spinning regulating the number of drawings by the quality of the
silk I am using; I then rove and spin, double and clean on any Machinery adapted to
those different purposes; or a long spun yarn may be made by the admixture in any
proportion, of silk prepared as set out and described in this my invention, along with
silk dressed or combined in any other way; the processes ordinarily used for the
production of a cleaned long spun yarn from silk dressed or combed by any method
now in use will answer perfectly well for the production of a Merchantable yarn from
silk dressed or combed and dealt with as claimed by this invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is
To use in the Manufacture of long spun silk yarns finished by any process of
cleaning with or without fire Silk which has been dressed or combed in the Gum or
undischarged state only by any process of dressing or combing, and either discharged
of its (so called) Gum or partially discharged of it by any process of discharging or
softening after the silk has been so dressed or combed and prior to its being spun, the
operation of any dressing or combing in the discharged or softened state of the silk
being dispensed with; and 1 claim to use silk prepared as (in this my claim) described
either wholly or in any smaller proportion in combination with silk which has been
dressed or combed in the discharged or softened state.
JOHN H. CHARNLEY.

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Apr., 1886.
Complete Left, 14th Jan., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 4th Mar., 1887.
I JOHN HEATON CHARNLEY of Horsforth near Leeds, Silk Spinner do hereby
declare the nature of my invention for AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
SPUN SILK YARNS to be as follows:-
The yarn is spun from silk waste, which has been dressed in the Gum or undischarged
state only the operations of drawing and spinning being performed after the dressed
silk has been ungummed or discharged.
:
A great saving in the cost of production is claimed, as hitherto waste silk from which
spun silk yarns are made, has been either, dressed in the Gum as above described,
discharged and dressed again, or, dressed in the discharged or softened state only.
UUMI DID. ITICATION.
An Improvement in the Manufacture of Spun Silk Yarns.
1 JOHN HEATON CHARNLEY of Horsforth near Leeds, Silk Spinner do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The process of the manufacture of Spun silk yarns for which the dressing of the silk
waste or raw material is described shortly in my provisional specification as being

page_text: improved upon, is known as the long spinning process, and it is to this process that my
invention relates.
In the manufacture of spun silk yarns by the long spinning process the silk waste
has heretofore been prepared for the drawing and spinning by means of what is known
as dressing or combing, in several different ways; by one process the silk is first
boiled off or discharged of its (so called) gum, and afterwards dressed or combed ; by
another process the silk is dressed or combed in the gum or undischarged state, and
after being discharged or softened is again dressed or combed, which process is known
technically in the trade as redressing; by another process the silk is softened by
fermentation or steeping and only partially discharged of its gum and afterwards
dressed or combed.
Now I have found by experiment, that with many descriptions of silk raw material,
good merchantable yarns may be made from silk which has been dressed or combed in
the gum or undischarged state only, and that the process of redressing or any dressing
or combing in the discharged or softened state of the silk is unnecessary and may be
dispensed with; the action of the pins or gills in the processes of drawing, combined
with the drafts appearing to sufficiently divide or split up the fibre of the silk so as to
enable it to be spun satisfactorily when it has been dressed or combed in the gum or
undischarged state only and afterwards discharged or softened; the cost of production
is materially lessened by this method of working, not only by a saving in time and
wages, but also by enabling a larger percentage of yarn to be produced from a given
weight of raw material than has hitherto been obtained by any process of long.
spinning.
In order to effect this by my invention I dress or comb the silk raw material in the
Gum or undischarged state only, by any method of dressing or combing; I then make
the dressed or combed silk into a lap, by means of a spreading box or machine, or by
any other convenient process, and whilst in this convenient form for handling Í either
discharge or soften the silk, by boiling off, fermentation, steeping or by any process of
discharging or softening; but whilst I consider this the best and most convenient
stage at which to discharge or soften the silk, it may be so discharged or softened at
any other part of the process of preparation, suitable, so that this operation is done
after the silk is dressed or combed and prior to its being spun after the silk has been
so discharged or softened, I put it through any course of drawing suitable for
preparation for long spinning regulating the number of drawings by the quality of the
silk I am using: I then rove and spin, double and clean on any Machinery adapted to
those different purposes; or a long spun yarn may be made by the admixture in any
proportion, of silk prepared as set out and described in this my invention, along with
silk dressed or combed in any other way; the processes ordinarily used for the
production of a long spun yarn from silk dressed or combed by any method now in
use will answer perfectly well for the production of a Merchantable yarn from silk
dressed.or combed and dealt with as claimed by this invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is
To use in the Manufacture of long spun silk yarns Silk which has been dressed or
combed in the Gun or undischarged state only by any process of dressing or combing,
and either discharged of its (so called) Gum or partially discharged of it by any process
of discharging or softening after the silk has been so dressed or combed and prior to its
being spun, the operation of any dressing or combing in the discharged or softened
state of the silk being dispensed with; and I claim to use silk prepared as (in this my
claim) described either wholly or in any smaller proportion in combination with silk
which has been dressed or combed in the discharged or softened state.