Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Treating Towns', Slaughter-house, and other Refuse or Substances or Materials.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Dec., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 8th Sept., 1891-Accepted, 7th Nov., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Treating Towns',
Slaughter-house, and other Refuse or Substances or Materials.
We, RICHARD CUNLIFFE, of 168, Ellor Street, Pendleton, Engineer, and
EDWARD BARLOW, of 26, Fountain Street, Manchester, Smallware Manufacturer,
both in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to improve in general the method of treating
towns, slaughter-house and other refuse or substances or materials and in particular
the means for feeding the same into, and heating it in, the apparatus and for
condensing and destructing the gases resulting therefrom, so as to render the
apparatus applicable for the treatment of any kind of refuse, substance or material
and perform the said operation more effectually than heretofore has been the case.
In carrying out our improvements, according to the nature of the substance or
material to be treated, we either filter or cut the same previous to being subjected
to heat and afterwards condense and burn the gases resulting therefrom.
The filtering of the substance or material to be treated, such as sludge, which
is in a semi-liquid state we perform by one or more filters arranged in connection
with the feeding device of the apparatus hereinafter described.
The said filter consists of a suitable receptacle, within which is employed, on a
false bottom, a reversable filtering medium made of wire gauze covered with felt.
The said receptacle is formed with an inlet and tap in communication with a
suitable vacuum source, whereby the liquid is preliminary extracted from the said
substance or material so as to leave it in a better condition for the ultimate
treatment by heat.
For the purpose of heating the substance or material to be treated we employ
as generally is the case an inclosed rotary cylinder, furnished inside with propellor
blade which serve to agitate and pass the same from the inlet end of the rotary
cylinder to the outlet end thereof. The rotary cylinder, inside of which scrapers
may be employed if deemed necessary, in the middle and at each end, is furnished
with a rim or wheel by means of which it is mounted on pulleys and rotated
through frictional contact therewith by means of a driving shaft on which are fixed
the pulleys positioned on one side of the rotary cylinder.
To facilitate the feeding of substances or materials into the rotary cylinder we
employ a screw in a casing concentric with the inlet thereof and to permit of
cutting up such substance or material as slaughter-house refuse we form the outer
portion of the same knife edged and if deemed necessary at a smaller pitch than
the inner portion thereof. The cutting and feeding parts of the said screw are
respectively arranged in connection with a hopper which is supplied with the
substance or material to be treated from a trough by gravitation or otherwise. By
means of a suitable slide the cutting part of the said screw may be made inopera-
tive and thus the substance or material to be treated, such as sludge, fed directly
into the rotary cylinder.
In order to create a draft in the fire box or furnace and thus effect a better
combustion of the coal, we arrange one or more steam jets in connection therewith
which may be regulated at will.
The discharge of the treated substance or material we effect by employing in
connection with the outlet end of the rotary cylinder a casing formed at the bottom
with an opening in connection with a rotary receptacle having four compartments
and mounted in a shoot furnished on each side of the said receptacle with a
weighted door and rotated from the driving shaft aforesaid by means of a pair

page_text: of friction bevel wheels.
Over the described outlet opening, we employ a pipe
through which we draw away the gases, which latter we afterwards destroy by
means of steam, water or fire. In a line with the outlet of the rotary cylinder
and the chimney we employ a casing, the end in connection with the outlet is
formed with a rim and short casing projecting inside the first named casing. In
the said short casing we employ a steam and water jet, which casing being less in
diameter than the first named casing serves to concentrate the gases resulting from
the heating of the substances or material under treatment, the water jet to con-
dense a portion thereof and the steam jet to propel the remainder towards the
chimney whilst the condensation water accumulates at the bottom of the casing
and is permitted to run out of it through an opening formed therein. The
condensation means described may be repeated in the said casing if deemed
necessary.
To effect a complete deodorization of the more volatile gases resulting from the
refuse under treatment, such as sewage or slaughter-house refuse, we conduct the
heat from around the rotary cylinder by means of a suitable pipe or pipes into
the chimney where they are destroyed by means of a burner.
Dated this 6th day of December 1890.
F. BOSSHARDT & Co.,
Agents to Applicants,
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Treating Towns',
Slaughter-house, and other Refuse or Substances or Materials.
We, RICHARD CUNLIFFE, of 168, Ellor Street, Pendleton, Engineer, and
EDWARD BARLOW, of 26, Fountain Street, Manchester, Smallware Manufacturer,
both in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:—
The object of this invention is to improve in general the method of treating
towns, slaughter-house and other refuse or substances or materials, such as, spent
hops, grain, dyewoods and the like, and in particular the means for feeding the
same into, and heating it in, the apparatus and for condensing and destroying the
gases resulting therefrom, so as to render the apparatus applicable for the treat-
ment of any kind of refuse, substance or material and perform the said operation
more effectually than heretofore has been the case.
And in order that our invention may be more fully understood I have caused
to be appended hereunto one sheet of drawings marked with letters of reference
indicating like parts in the various figures.
Fig. 1 is partly a longitudinal section and partly a side view of a complete
machine.
Fig. 2 a cross section through A-B of Fig. 1, and
Fig. 3 a cross section of a filter constructed according to our invention.
In carrying out our improvements and referring to the figures generally,
according to the nature of the substance or material to be treated, we either filter
or cut the same previous to being subjected to heat and afterwards condense and
burn the gases resulting therefrom.
The filtering of the substance or material to be treated, such as sludge, which
is in a semi-liquid state, we perform by one or more filters arranged in connection
with the feeding device of the apparatus hereinafter described.
The said filter preferably consists of a suitable receptacle a, see Fig. 3, within
which is employed, on a frame b, a reversable filtering medium e made of wire
gauze, covered with feit d. The receptacle a is formed open at the top and below
the filtering medium e with a vacuum pipe e. By means of this filter c, the liquid
is preliminary extracted from the said substance or material, so as to leave it in

page_text: a better condition for the ultimate treatment by heat, a suitable outlet a¹ being
formed in the receptacle a to convey the same into the hopper, see Fig. 1, of
the feeding device of the machine.
For the purpose of drying and calcining the substance or material to be treated,
we employ, as generally is the case, an inclosed rotary cylinder or retort g, see
Figs. 1 & 2, furnished inside with propellor blades h which serve to agitate and
pass the material or substance from the inlet to the outlet end of the rotary
cylinder or retort 9. The latter, inside of which scrapers may be employed, if
deemed necessary, in the middle and at each end, or at each end only, according
to the length thereof, is furnished with a rim or angle iron ring h¹ forming a
wheel, by means of which it is mounted on pulleys and rotated partly through
frictional contact therewith and partly by means of a spur wheel i fixed to the
inlet end of the cylinder or retorty and gearing into a pinion i¹ fixed on the
shaft. The shaft is revolved by means of a worm wheel and driven by
means of a worm fixed on the driving shaft 3, on which latter are fixed the
pulleys positioned on one side of the rotary cylinder or retort g.
To facilitate the feeding of substances of materials into the rotary cylinder or
retort g, we employ a knife edged screw k, in a casing k¹, concentric therewith and
furnished with the hopper, which screw k serves to feed the material or substance
to be treated into the cylinder or retort 9 and to cut it up when necessary, as is
the case with slaughter-house and the like refuse. The screw k is fixed on an
axis, which carries a fast and loose pulley 1 & 12, by means of which the
screw is rotated, the outer end thereof being mounted in the stationary bearing m
and the inner end in a bearing m¹ attached to and revolving with the cylinder or
retort. The inner end of the screw and that of the casing are in com-
munication with the cylinder or retort y and the end of the latter by means of
the pipe and chimney with the space formed between the cylinder or
retort and its covering g', into which the hot gases from the furnace n rise, so
as to conduct the volatile portion thereof into the cylinder or retort g and thus
assist the drying of the substance or material under treatment. In some cases the
most volatile gases from the space may be allowed to escape through the
chimney by means of the slides 18 & 1.
The furnace n, which is employed below the rotary cylinder or retort g, may
be charged with gas, coke or charcoal in the ordinary way, or with liquid fuel,
as hereinafter described. One side of the furnace n we form with two doors n¹
& capable of being retained in position, the door n¹ covering the space above
and the door n² that below the fire bars, which facilitates the charging, inspection,
and cleaning of the respective parts.
When using gas as a fuel, the said fire bars receive or are substituted by suit-
able burners and when using liquid fuel are charged with asbestos or other
incombustible material, onto which the liquid fuel is diffused from a pipe o by
means of a steam jet o'. The latter also serves to create a draft in the furnace n
and thus effect a better combustion of the fuel. For the same purpose a fan n³
or a pipe o may be employed, having a pipe n' communicating therewith and with
the lower part of the furnace n.
Immediately below the rotating cylinder or retort g, we employ a slide or
slides by means of which communication between the furnace n and the exterior
of the rotating cylinder or retort g, can be cut off or established and thus the
furnace heat regulated to a nicety, or cut off entirely.
The discharge of the treated substance or material we effect automatically by
employing in connection with the outlet end of the rotary cylinder or retort g, a
casing p formed near thereto at the bottom with an opening p' in connection with
a shoot p² provided with a weighted door p³ and at the side, with a door p¹ to
facilitate inspection. In a line or concentric with the outlet of the rotary cylinder
or retort 9, we form in the casing pa rim p³ in connection with which we employ a
steam and water jet q, q', which rim p serves to concentrate the gases resulting
from the heating of the substances or materials under treatment and the water

page_text: jet q¹ to condense a portion thereof and the steam jet q to propel the remainder
towards the chimney p, whilst the condensation water accumulates at the bottom
of the casing p and is permitted to run out of it through an opening formed
therein. The condensation means described may be repeated in the casing p if
deemed necessary.
To effect a complete deodorization of the more volatile gases resulting from the
refuse under treatment, such as sewage or slaughter-house refuse, the same are
destroyed in the chimney p, by means of a burner 1.
To assist in propelling the foul hot gases into the condensation part of the
casing p, we employ an exhaust fans in connection therewith, or in lieu thereof a
steam jet t, see Fig. 1, in connection with a cone t' placed inside the fan pipe s', the
cone serving to throttle the gases whilst the steam jet t forms a vacuum in front
thereof.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim, is-
1st. The continuous and automatic process of drying or calcining substances or
materials of the nature described, consisting in extracting the liquid portion thereof
or reducing the same, previous to being subjected to heat, discharging the treated
substance or material whilst the hot gases are withdrawn, condensed and the most
volatile portion thereof burnt, substantially as set forth.
2nd. In apparatus for drying or calcining substances or materials of the nature
described, the cylinder or retort y arranged to rotate on pulleys 2 inside a
covering g', in combination with a knife edged feed screw k, arranged to rotate
inside a casing k¹ formed with a hopper f, the inner end of which feed screw k and
casing is in communication with the inlet end of the cylinder or retort g,
substantially as and for the purpose specified.
3rd. The cylinder or retort g, specified in the preceding claim, in combination
with a discharge and condensing casing p arranged in communication with the
outlet end thereof, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
Dated this 7th day of Sentemor 1891
F. BOSSHARDT & Co.,
4, Corporation Street, Manchester, Agents to Applicants.