CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING LINEN, WOOLLEN, AND COTTON CLOTHS, AND IN MACHINES FOR PREPARING THE YARN FOR SUCH CLOTHS BEFORE ENTERING THE LOOM, AND IN A MACHINE FOR FINISHING GREY AND BLEACHED LINEN CLOTHS
Year: 1850

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WINCESLA
LE BARON DE TRAUX DE WARDIN, of Liege, in the Province of Liege, in the
Kingdom of Belgium, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent, under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-sixth day of
January, One thousand eight hundred and fifty, in the thirteenth year of Her
reigu, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Winceslas le Baron de Traux de Wardin, my exors, admors, and assigns,
Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said
Winceslas le Baron de Traux de Wardin, my exors, admors, and assigns, and
such others as I, the said Winceslas le Baron de Traux de Wardin, my exors,
admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the
Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR WEAVING LINEN, WOOLLEN, AND COTTON CLOTHS, AND IN MACHINES FOR
PREPARING THE YARN FOR SUCH CLOTHS BEFORE ENTERING THE LOOM, AND IN A
MACHINE FOR FINISHING GREY AND BLEACHED LINEN CLOTHS;" in which said
Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I,the said Winceslas le Baron de
Traux de Wardin, should cause a particular description of the nature of my
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instru-
ment in writing under my hand and seal, to be iurolled in Her said Majesty's

page_text: High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the
same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Winceslas le Baron de Traux de Wardin, do hereby declare that the nature
of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, are
fully described and ascertained in and by the present Specification thereof,
reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, that is to say :-
Firstly, my Invention consists in an improved construction of loom for
weaving linen cloth, which is represented in Figure 1 (an end elevation)
Figure 2 (a front view), and Figure 3 (a top plan) of the Drawings. A, A,
is the framework of the loom; B, the fly wheel; C, the crank shaft, which
carries the fly wheel B at one end, and at the other the fast and loose
pulleys H and I. Rotary motion is communicated to the crank shaft C by an
endless band, leading from the steam engine or other prime mover, and passing
over the fast pulley H. D, D, are two connecting rods, which are attached
to the crank shaft C, and communicate a to and fro motion to the batten E.
F is a pinion, fixed on the crank shaft C, which gears into the larger toothed
wheel G. The relative proportions of these two toothed wheels are such, that
the larger one G shall make one revolution for each two strokes of the batten.
Jis an excentric, keyed on the axle J¹ of the toothed wheel G, which, at each
revolution, raises one end of the lever Y, and depresses the paul fixed on the
opposite end, whereby the ratchet wheel Z, keyed on the spindle of the cloth
beam, will be brought round at the reverse motion of the lever. K, K, are
two excentrics, fixed on the axle J', which carry the pulleys L, L, and actuate
the pickers or shuttle drivers O, O, which are supported on the top of the
vertical axles M, M. P is the upper crosshead of the batten. Q, Q, the
excentrics, which work the treadles R, R. T is a bevelled toothed wheel,
keyed on the shaft J¹, which gears into the bevelled toothed wheel S, keyed on
the axle of the excentric Q, Q. The toothed wheel S makes one revolution
for each two beats of the batten. U is the cloth beam; and V the warp
beam. W, the forked lever, to shift the driving band from the fast to the
loose pulley, or vice versa, as may be required. X is a break or spring lever
to stop the working of the loom when desired. a and b are two pauls, which
act upon the ratchet wheel Z. d is a weight suspended to the lever Y, as
indicated in the Drawings. A portion of the upper surface of the lever Y is
indented, to admit of the position of the weight being varied. e is a catch
affixed to the batten, which, when the shuttle rests in the shed, stops the
'urther working of the loom. f, the stop piece. m, m, two projections

page_text: attacked to the upper part of the frame of the loom h, which support the
spindle of the rollers i, i, whereby the heddles are suspended. q is a roller to
keep the warp threads always even; and r is the breast beam. v, v, are two
backets which support the levers w, w, which carry the weights attached to
the warp beam. Figure 4 represents in plan and elevation several sizes of my
improved construction of shuttle. It is made with two smoothing rollers x, x,
between which the thread passes. By this arrangement the thread will be
prevented from unrolling itself more rapidly at one moment than at another,
and at the same time be caused to make an even selvage. a (Figure 4) is a
conically grooved spool, placed on the spindle of the shuttle. The sizes of
the shuttle and the spool are to be varied to suit the texture of the cloth to be
woven.
Secondly, my Invention consists of an improvement in the construction of
looms for weaving broad and sail cloth, which is represented in Figure 5 (an
end elevation) of the Drawings annexed. A is the fly wheel. B, a pinion,
keyed on the main driving or crank shaft, near to the fly wheel, and gearing
into the toothed wheel C, the axle of which carries the cams D, D. The
toothed wheel C makes one revolution for every two throws of the shuttle.
As the cams D, D, revolve, the projecting parts E, E, will come in contact
with the conical pulley F, on the vertical rods G, G, which carry the pickers
or shuttle drivers H, H. I is the batten; and J the lever carrying the unroll-
ing weights S, S, which lever causes the toothed wheel o, keyed on the axle
of the cloth beam P, and gearing into the pinion N, to descend. The lever J
is actuated by an excentric L, keyed on the axle of the wheel C. K is a
detent attached to the outer end of the weighted lever J, which ateach descent
of the latter causes the ratchet wheel to move one tooth round, and conse-
quently the cloth beam P to make a partial revolution. M is a ratchet wheel,
keyed on the axle of the pinion N. Q is the warp beam; and R a roller for
keeping the warp even.
Thirdly, my Invention consists in an improvement in the construction of
warping machines, represented in Figures 6 (a side elevation) and 7 (a front
elevation) of the Drawings annexed. A is a jointed wooden cylinder, which,
by friction, causes the roller to rotate, on which the threads or yarns are
warped. B is a carriage, which I term "contractor," which carries a lever C.
D, bearing in which turns the axle of the warp beam. E, extremity of
the lever, which is also attached to the body of the carriage B. F, bearing of
the guide roller. G, comb frame. H, framing of the machine.
iron, which serve to draw back the warp threads. K is a toothed wheel, into
which
gears
the endless screw, cut on the axle of the cylinder M, over which
1, I, rods of

page_text: the threads pass. N is the arm of the marker (for the purpose of measuring
off the yarn by means of the colouring cylinder O), which is actuated by the
projecting piece I, attached to the wheel K. Q is the arm of the carriage.
R, ratchet wheel to indicate the number of pieces. S, the forked lever, for
shifting the driving band from the fast pulley U to the loose pulley T, or vice
verså, both of which are keyed on the common axle of the toothed wheel W
and cylinder A. V is a pinion; and X the frame of the back comb.
Fourthly, my Invention consists of an improvement in the construction of
a machine for winding on the warps, which is represented in the Drawings,
Figures 8, 9, 10, and 11. A is a pulley, on the axle of which are fixed two
toothed wheels H, B. The revolution of this pulley effects the movement of
a disc. which it contains inside, by the simple friction of this latter, which is
covered throughout its circumference with leather, and affords sufficient fric-
tion to wind on the most fragile warp. The pinion B takes into the toothed
wheel C, which turns on its axle D, which carries the escapement discs E, E.
F is a lever which takes into between the escapements E, E. G, a toothed
wheel, which produces the slow speed, and gears into the pinion H. I, ratchet
wheel; and J its catch. K, connecting piece, which serves to connect the
warp beam. M, a standard. N, double lever, pressed by the lever O, which
gives motion to the disc inside A. P, P, framework of the apparatus. Q, Q,
standards which support the grooved roller R. S, S, corresponding frame-
work, which supports the rollers T and U. V,grooved shaft. X, X, two
smoothing cylinders. Y, guide for the warp threads. Z, guide lever.
Fifthly, my Invention consists in an improvement in the construction of
warp dressing machinery, represented in Figure 12 (a longitudinal elevation).
Figure 13 (an elevation of part of the framework of the opposite side), and
Figure 14 (a top plan). A, A, are the fast and loose pulleys. B, a pinion,
which gears into the main wheel C. D, a wheel on the axle of the pinion B,
which is connected by a band to the pulley E of the fan F. G and H, recip-
rocating rods, which work the jointed levers I and J. These levers carry the
horizontal rods K, K, which carry the brushes L and M. N, N, the comb
carriers. O, O, bearings for the beams. P, P, dressing troughs, in which are
partially immersed the rollers Q, Q. R, R, rollers which are covered on their
peripheries with some woollen fabric. T, T, levers to raise the rollers R, R.
U, U, greasing cylinders. V, V, hollow guide rollers. W,W, supports for
the comb frames. X, regulating lever. Y, upper support of the combs.
Z, warp beam bearing. a, side of the framework. b standard which carries
the axle of the pulley B and wheel 1). d, crank axle. e, conical pulleys for
communicating different degrees of velocity. f,f, small pulleys, fixed on the

page_text: axles of the cylinders U, U. g, forked lever, for shifting the driving band.
h is a guide rod for shifting the driving band on the conical pulleys e. m is a
toothed bevil wheel, supported on the axle i, into which gears the toothed
bevil wheel n, keyed on the inclined axle p; on the other end of which is
keyed the toothed bevil wheel q, which gears into the toothed bevil wheel r.
is a toothed wheel, keyed on the axle of the toothed bevil wheel r, which
transmits motion to the pinion y on the axle of the conical pulley e. v, v, cor-
responding pulleys to f, f. W, pulley for communicating motion.
Sixthly, my Invention consists in certain improvements in the construction
of machinery for scrubbing, cleaning, and shrinking linen cloth, represented in
Figure 15 (a longitudinal elevation) and Figure 16 (a top plan). A is a
roller, on which the undressed cloth is wound. Broller which serves to keep
the cloth at the proper lever. C, C, C, C, are four other rollers to effect the
same purpose. D, small solid iron roller, which is intended to prevent the
cloth creasing when wound on the roller A. E, roller on which the dressed
cloth is wound. F, a toothed wheel keyed on the axle of roller E, into which
gears the pinion I. G, crank driving shaft, which carries a pinion G' gearing
into the toothed wheel H. J, spring lever, to disconnect the pinion I and
wheel H. K is a toothed bevil wheel, which gears into the pinion L, keyed
on the shaft Z, which extends along one side of the machine, and carries near
the other end a toothed bevil wheel, which gears into another toothed bevil
pinion N, on the axis of which is fixed an excentric. O, a lever worked by an
excentric, which is intended to rub the cloth across the breadth, if required.
P, P, axles which carry the rods Q, Q, to the upper ends of which are
attached other rods R, R, which are connected to the iron piece Y that carries
the rubbers. S and Tare two pieces of wood which are employed to scrub or
rub the upper and under surfaces of the cloth. U and V, two holders which
carry two pieces of pumice stone for cleaning the upper and under surfaces of
the cloth. X is the framework of the machine. a is a projecting piece,
which supports a weighted lever, to which there is attached a cord that
encircles the beam A. b, b, the cranks. d, d, rods which connect the cranks
to the rods Q, Q. e is a piece of iron grooved, as shewn in the Drawing, for
the purpose of widening or narrowing the cloth. f, pulley to wind the un-
finished cloth upon the roller A. g,g, guide rods which work the rubbers S
and T. and are the fast and loose pullies on the crank driving shaft;
and m the forked lever for shifting the driving strap from one pulley to the
other.
Seventhly, my Invention consists in weaving by power linen and sail cloth,
with dressed worns: and I employ in coniunction therewith a wraft which

page_text: has been beaten after it has been half bleached and dried, in order to soften it,
by means of the mechanical arrangements represented in Figure 17. A, B,
are two driving wheels, on the axles of which are two pullies which carry the
weft. The wheels A and B are driven by a band passing over a pulley, keyed
on the crank driving shaft D, which is made to rotate from any prime mover.
The crank is connected by a rod E to a beater F, which is thereby made suc-
cessively to rise and fall upon the weft as it travels between it and the block G
(supported on a spring to break the blow). The wheel A is supported in an
upright, attached to a rocking lever, to allow of the weft giving way to the
blow of the beater, and, when the latter rises, of keeping the weft in contact
with the pulleys C, C', in order that it may be carried forward.
Eighthly, my Invention consists of certain improvements in th emanufacture
of looped fabrics by means of circular, semicircular, or polygonal looms. My
first improvements under this head have for their object to facilitate the
weaving of woollen yarns, by applying heat to them during the operation of
weaving, so as to bring them while warm on to the needles. For this purpose
Isubject them to the action of a current of steam or hot air, or cause them to
come into contact with a heated surface. Secondly, I produce patterns in
looped fabrics, manufactured in circular or semicircular looms, by employing
two or more feeders, which are respectively supplied with coarse and fine
threads, and worked simultaneously. Thirdly, I manufacture a loop piled
fabric, which I term "boucle," in manner following:-I cause one feeder to
work slacker than the other, and lift the presser bar, so that the yarn is not
pushed over before the next feeder has passed. The rest of the operation I
conduct in the ordinary manner, and knock over the two sets or rows of loops
together, whereby I obtain a loop piled fabric "boucle "on one side, and
smooth on the other. Fourthly, I produce a fabric, the two surfaces of which
are composed of two different materials, such as wool and cotton for example,
being of the same or of different colors, or of the same material, a portion of
which is of one color and the rest of another, so that the sides of the fabric
will be of different colours, by adapting two guides to each feeder for the
purpose of supplying it with the two yarns of different materials or colours.
Fifthly, I manufacture a web, called "ribtop," in circular, semicircular, and
polygonal looms, by adapting to the latter two rows of needles, each row being
furnished with a separate feeder or feeders and yarns. Sixthly, I produce
woollen cloth, having the appearance of cashmere, by dressing knitted cloth on
the wrong side instead of the right. Seventhly, I effect the winding and
doubling of the yarn in the loom, and apply the movement by which that is
effected to the twisting thereof during the operation of weaving. The spindles

page_text: are to be driven by a strap, or by toothed gearing in connection with the
frame. Eighthly, in order to stop the working of the loom when the weft
breaks, I employ an oscillating detent in connection with a bell-crank lever to.
throw the working parts out of gear. Ninthly, I construct the needle plate
with two or more rows of needle holes, and employ needles of different lengths,
but whose points or barbs are all on a linc, whereby I am enabled to place
the needles closer together, and consequently produce a fabric of higher
numbers than has yet been practicable, and also obtain a needle plate of
great strength and durability on account of the great portion of space between
the needle holes.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim as constituting
my said Invention,―
First, I claim the peculiar construction of looms for weaving linen, repre-
sented in Figures 1, 2, and 3, of the Drawings, and before described.
Second, I claim the improved construction of shuttle and spool, represented
in Figures 4 and 4*, and before described, in so far as regards the employment
of two rollers in the shuttle for equalizing the delivery of the weft, and of
conical grooved spools.
Third, I claim the peculiar construction of loom for weaving broad and sail
cloth, represented in Figure 5 of the Drawings, and before described.
Fourth, I claim the warping machine represented in Figures 6 and 7 of the
Drawings, and before described, in the general arrangement, combination, and
adaptation of parts of which the same consists.
Fifth, I claim the peculiar construction of machine for winding on linen
warps, represented in Figures 8, 9, 10, and 11, and before described.
Sixth, I claim the machinery for scrubbing, cleaning, and dressing cloth,
represented in Figures 12, 13, and 14, and before described, in the general
arrangement, combination, and adaptation of parts of which the same consists.
Seventh, Iclaim the application of pumice stone to the dressing of linen, as
before described.
Eighth, I claim the application of dressed warps to the manufactureof linen
and sail cloth.
Ninth, I claim the machinery for beating wefts to soften them, represented
in Figure 17, and before described.
Tenth, I claim, in so far as regards the improvements in the manufacture of
looped fabrics,-firstly, the heating woollen yarn just before its entry into the
needles; secondly, the application of two different sized threads, by the inter-
vention of their respective feeders to the production of a pattern in looped

page_text: fabrics; thirdly, the working of one feeder slacker than the other, and moving
the presser bar in order to produce a piled or "boncle" fabric; fourthly, the
application of two guides to each feeder, for the purpose of producing a fabric
with its surfaces of two different materials; fifthly, the employment of two
rows of needles to produce a ribtop; sixthly, the manufacture of an imitation
cashmere, by dressing the wrong side instead of the right side of knitted cloth;
seventhly, effecting the winding, doubling, and twisting of the yarn in the same
frame, and during the operation of weaving; eighthly, the employment of an
oscillating detent, in combination with a bell-crank lever escapement, to stop
the working of the loom when the weft breaks; ninthly, making the needle
plate with two or more rows of holes, for the purpose of manufacturing cloth
of higher numbers than has yet been practicable with the looms at present
in use.
In witness whereof, I, the said Winceslas le Baron de Traux de Wardin,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of July,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty.
INCESLAS BARON
L.B.)
WARDIN.
Enrolled the Twenty-sixth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty.