matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF DRAINS, TRAPS, AND CLOSETS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Tayler at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th December 1871:
I, WILLIAM HENRY TAYLER, of Tudor House, Anerley, in the County
of Surrey, Doctor of Medicine, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF DRAINS, TRAPS,
AND CLOSETS," to be as follows:-
:-
I propose constructing drains in such a manner that the return or
escape of any gas or gases is entirely prevented, and for this purpose in
addition to providing suitable ventilating shafts containing charcoal I
also arrange so that all waste waters flowing from the sink shall pass out
through a syphon into a box or chamber before descending to drain, in
which is a float or valve so adjusted as to rise and fall by its own
bouyancy.
I also construct the pan for closets with an inner flange or lip beneath
which is a pipe in connection with the external atmosphere, and provide
a sliding cover for same, so that any gases which may arise from the pan
or its contents are at once let off.

page_text: In addition I also provide two or more chambers of a suitable form,
which chambers I fill with charcoal & place beneath the seat of closet.
Fig. 1 is an application of the improved trap to an ordinary sink.
A represents the sink in which is set the trap B having a finely perforated
grating secured thereto; C, the waste pipe at the lower end of which is
attached the syphon D enclosed in valve box E; F, the float or valve;
G, filtering chamber having an inner case or lining H for containing
charcoal, and through which valve box E passes; I, ordinary trap
attached to filtering chamber and to drain pipe K.
Fig. 2 represents a closet fitted with improved pan L, filtering
chambers M, M, and sliding cover N, as also ventilating pipes O, P, the
outer ends of which are covered with wire gauzė.
t
Fig. 3 is a vertical section of a filtering chamber. Fig. 4 is a venti-,
lating shaft having a grating Q, on which are supported the cannisters
R, R, containing charcoal, and provided with a perforated sphere S
at top.
A NEW OR IMPROVED FABRIC OR ANTI-RADIATING TEXTILE FELT
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th September 1871.-A communication from abroad by Charles
Gaudefroy, of Nos. 7 and 9, Rue St. Joseph, Paris, France,
Merchant.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in
the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED FABRIC OR ANTI-RADIATING
TEXTILE FELT," a communication to me from abroad by Charles
Gaudefroy, of Nos. 7 and 9, Rue St. Joseph, Paris, France, Merchant,
to be as follows:-
The fabric the subject of this Invention is termed "tissu-feutre" or
textile felt, and is composed of two layers. The first layer is a woven
fabric, the warp of which is of hemp, or flax yarn, or of any other fibre, but
more especially of animal fleece or hair. The second layer is a lap or nap
of flock or shag of the same nature as the material of the woof of the
woven fabric upon which this layer is superposed, being made to adhere
to it by means of a slight dressing with size or glue and simple pressure,

page_text: or preferably by a quilting with stitches drawn more or less tight, placed
closer or further apart, and which passing through the lap or nap give
additional strength to the fabric.
In the middle of the lap or nap of flock, hair, or shag may be placed
straw, hay, seaweed, moss, dry leaves, or other low-priced vegetable or
animal material.
This anti-radiating fabric is applicable to all kinds of articles to
prevent loss of caloric and protect them from the effects of variations of
temperature by, so to say, completely withdrawing them from the
action of the ambiant air.
It is specially applicable to steam engines and steam, water, and
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Alfred Roadknight at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 3rd January 1871.
I, WILLIAM ALFRED ROADKNIGHT, of Wrexham, in the County of
Denbigh, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS," to be as follows:-
This Invention applies to the manufacture of felt hats, either of the
form known as "deer stalkers" or of other shapes, and is intended
principally to render the brim stronger and to prevent wet or grease
from soaking through at the band, at the same time that it improves the
appearance of the hat.
The Invention consists principally in making such hats with a felt
body, either hard or soft, and in combining therewith a stiff brim such as
is used in making ordinary silk hats, the said brim being covered with
silk, plush, or satin. I take an ordinary felt body of a smaller size than
usual and form it into a hat without brim, and inside this I cement a
cotton or linen band, I then take a brim formed of cotton or other
suitable fabric, as for an ordinary silk hat, the said brim being stiffened
in the usual manner, and covered' with silk, plush, or satin, the inner

page_text: edge of the latter being left so as to project beyond the foundation of the
brim, I then turn up this inner edge and fasten the brim to the body by
cementing the said inner edge to the cotton or linen band above
mentioned, and then line and finish off the hat in the usual manner.
Hats made according to this Invention will be found to be stronger 5
and more waterproof and grease proof than ordinary felt hats, and at the
same time will be greatly improved in appearance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS FOR GRINDING CORN OR OTHER MATERIAL
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Oliver at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
May 1871.
I, THOMAS OLIVER, of Wheathamstead, St. Albans, in the County
of Hertford, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS FOR GRINDING CORN OR OTHER MATERIAL,"
to be as follows:--
This Invention is for improvements in mills for grinding corn or
other material of the description known as Felton's American mill, or
any mill made of iron, steel, or other metal with grinding surfaces.
In the above-named mill a horizontal or perpendicular corrugated
cylinder is employed, and a concave surface similarly corrugated is
set up to it, so that as the cylinder revolves and whilst the concave
is held stationary the grain or other material fed between the two is
ground.
My Invention relates to mills wherein metallic crushing and grinding
surfaces are employed, the said crushing and grinding surfaces being
made of iron, steel, or other suitable material; and consists in reversing

page_text: the running motion of the drum and feeds or lead to the above mills,
so that whilst the operation of grinding is wearing and smoothing
one side of the grinding surfaces it is sharpening the other, and by
reversing the feed, lead, and running motion of the drum of the mill
it brings the grain or other material in contact with the sharp edge of 5
the grinding surfaces, which can be reversed until the mill is entirely
worn out.
IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO LATHES FOR TURNING
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Ryder at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
November 1871.
I, JAMES RYDER, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE
APPLIED TO LATHES FOR TURNING,” to be as follows:—
This Invention is designed principally to be applied to lathes used for
turning metal rollers employed in machinery for preparing and spinning
cotton and other fibrous substances, but it is also equally applicable to
lathes in general whenever it is desirable to turn a large number of articles
all to the same diameter or length, or both.
The Invention consists chiefly of a "stop motion" to be applied to the
slide rest of the lathe in order to arrest the tool carrier at any particular
point, so as to prevent the tool from approaching any nearer to the centre
than will give the diameter required. This "stop motion" consists of a
bracket bolted or screwed to the slide rest in such a position that an
adjusting screw which is to be tapped through the bracket shall come
opposite to the tool carrier, and act as an abutment or stop.

page_text: The tool carrier can thus be moved on the transverse slide of the rest
outwards to its full extent, but as it is screwed inwards while turning the
roller or other article as soon as it comes against the stop screw which
has been previously set to the desired gauge, the workman cannot screw
it any further, and hence cannot reduce the article beyond the diameter
required. By the use of this "stop motion" not only is there a great saving
of spoiled work, but also a considerable saving of time hitherto taken up
with constantly gauging the work.
In cases where it is desired to gauge a number of articles to the same
length (either instead of or in additions to gauging the diameter), I bolt
or screw a similar bracket to the bed or longitudinal slide of the lathe, and
tap a stop screw through it in such a position as to arrest the slide rest at
the required point.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR DISTRIBUTING SAND OR OTHER MATTERS IN PUBLIC THOROUGHFARES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Clement Gibbs at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
December 1871.
I, CLEMENT GIBBS, of Addle Street, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR
DISTRIBUTING SAND OR OTHER MATTERS IN PUBLIC THOROUGHFARES," to be as
follows: :-
My Invention relates to an improved construction of machine for
spreading or scattering sand, gravel, or ashes in public thoroughfares in
frosty or slippery weather.
The machine consists of a receptacle for the sand or other material
mounted on wheels, and having a bottom of hopper-like form with a
central opening closed by a pair of crushing rollers mounted therein,
between which the sand or other materials must pass. These rollers are
geared together, and with one of the wheels of the machine by which
the rollers are driven. Beneath these rollers I mount a horizontal plate
or disc carried on a vertical spindle mounted in a bracket or bearing
fixed beneath the machine. This disc is rotated by gearing from the
other wheel and scatters the sand which falls thereon from the rollers.

page_text: Curved plates may be fixed on the disc to assist the centrifugal force
in spreading the sand. A guard may be fixed beneath the front part
of the machine to shield the horses legs, and a similar guard made
adjustable may be provided at the near side of the machine to prevent
the sand falling on the footpath in narrow thoroughfares.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING ASBESTOS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Cleghorn and Alexander
Reid at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 19th December 1871.
We, JOHN CLEGHORN and ALEXANDER REID, both of Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING ASBESTOS, AND IN THE
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows, that. is to
say:-
*
This Invention which relates to the preparation and treatment of
asbestos so as to reduce it to fibre, consists as follows:-The raw or
crude material is placed upon a feeding table or platform of any suitable
construction, from which it is gradually led. by an endless band in
between two small plain or fluted nipping rollers which guide the
material on to a staved roller which is rotated within an iron cylindrical
shell or drum, from which it is transferred to the breast of the main
cylinder which is also staved or studded with points; these points as the
cylinder revolves transfer the asbestos fibre from the roller herein-before

page_text: mentioned, thus effecting the teasing operation. At the back of the
main cylinder are situated a doffer and comb, the former for removing
the fibre from the cylinder, and the latter for transferring it to a shoot
situated immediately beneath, which guides it into a receiver or "can,"
which may be revolved if desired by suitable gearing, so as to give a
twist to the fibre falling into it...
Before placing the fibre into the machine it may be saturated with
caustic soda, or other similar substance in order to soften it. It is to
be understood that the general term asbestos herein used includes
amianthus.
A NEW OR IMPROVED PORTABLE AIR-TIGHT HOLDER OR VESSEL TO BE USED FOR SANITARY AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Wall at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
September 1871.
I, CHARLES WALL, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"A NEW OR IMPROVED PORTABLE AIR-TIGHT HOLDER OR VESSEL TO BE USED FOR
SANITARY AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows (that is to say):
:―
My improvements relate to vessels or receptacles made of sheet metal,
such as galvanized iron, which will answer the purpose well. Below the
rim or top of the vessel I apply a concentric flange, made by preference
from angle iron of the desired shape, and near the top of the vessel, above
the flange, I form two slots or their equivalents for the
hereafter
stated.
purpose
The cover I use with this vessel is made by preference of galvanized
iron of a sufficient diameter to drop easily within the rim, with a con-
centric flange projecting downwards on its under side, such flange being
slightly smaller than the diameter of the flange before referred to,

page_text: placed around the interior of the rim; and around this flange, on the
under side of the cover, I apply an annular solid or tubular washer of
india-rubber or other suitable material, which bears on the concentric
flange placed around the interior of the neck of the vessel. The cover I
purpose strengthening by cross radial bars, with one or more intermediate
handles for the convenience of removing and applying the same, as the
covers are only required when such vessels are being removed in the
process of emptying. To retain the cover in its place for this object I
use a strong cross bar, the ends of which pass through the slots before
referred to, or other equivalent means at the top of the vessel, and in the 1
centre of this cross bar I apply a screw, the end of which when screwed
in presses down the cover, which has the effect of expanding the elastic
annular washer or packing and makes the vessel completely air-tight.
But this compression of the cover may be effected by other means, such
as a small lever that when elevated the pressure will be removed, and 1
when down the pressure will be applied.
AN IMPROVED PICKLE FORK
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th September 1871.-A communication from abroad by Henry
Laurence, of New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America,
Surgeon Dentist.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co.,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PICKLE FORK," a communi-
cation, to be as follows:-
I form the prong or prongs of pickle forks with barbs or hooked pro-
jections in order to secure the hold of the fork on the pickle or other
substance to be withdrawn from the bottle or other receptacle.
I design by my Invention to furnish a neat and convenient fork or
article to be used in taking pickles, preserved fruits, or vegetables from
their receptacles with case and certainty, and without dropping them on
the table cloth or table, as frequently happens, especially when such
condiments are served in high or narrow-necked bottles, jars, or other
receptacles from which it is difficult to pick them out with a common
fork or spoon.

page_text: With my improved fork however any single pickle for instance can
be taken from even the bottom of a jar without that trouble which would
be inevitable were it attempted with a common fork or spoon. My
improved fork is formed with one, two, or more of the barbed projections
or hooks, which will enable the prong when it once enters a piece of
pickle or other article to retain its hold upon the same while being
drawn from the bottle, while the pickle is easily removed from the fork
after being taken out of the bottle. I prefer to make the prong or
prongs and projections or barbs with flattened sides, which will prevent
injury to anyone when handling the fork. I prefer also to form the said
barbs or projections on the inner side of the prongs, for in this way they
will not be so liable to catch into a table cloth or other article. The
barbs may, if desired, be on the outside only or on the inner and outer
sides of the prongs, or the prongs may be provided with a series of either
straight or twisted barbs or projections.
I propose to make the handle of the fork ornamental, but for common
use it may consist of merely a straight rod.
The barbs or hooked projections instead of being rigidly attached to
or formed on the prongs of the fork are, if desired, pivoted to the lower
ends of the prongs, so that when the fork is pushed down into the pickles
the barb will lie flush with the prong, only allowing its point to project
and seize the pickle pierced by the prong.
A NOVEL MODE OF CONSTRUCTING (WITH REFERENCE TO INDEPENDENT AXLES AND CRANK SHAFTS) RAILWAY LOCOMOTIVES, PADDLE WHEEL STEAMER ENGINES, TRACTION & OTHER ENGINES, RAILWAY CARRIAGES, VANS & TRUCKS, AS WELL AS TRAMWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Michael Zamoyski and
William Jackson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 15th December 1871.
We, JOHN MICHAEL ZAMOYSKI, and WILLIAM JACKSON, C.E., both
of 17, Great George Street, Westminster, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "A NOVEL MODE OF CONSTRUCTING (WITH REFERENCE
TO INDEPENDENT AXLES AND CRANK SHAFTS) RAILWAY LOCOMOTIVES, PADDLE
WHEEL STEAMER ENGINES, TRACTION & OTHER ENGINES, RAILWAY CARRIAGES,
VANS & TRUCKS, AS WELL AS TRAMWAY CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
The wheels to be used will be of the same description as used at the
present time for locomotives, paddle.wheel steamers, traction and other
engines, railway carriages, vans and trucks, as well as tramway carriages.
The axle extends to about twelve or more inches on each side of the
center of the wheel, and has an axle box fitted on each end of the axle,
and also two springs to each wheel attached to a double under framing
of the locomotive, traction & other engines, railway carriages, vans and
trucks, as well as tramway carriages.

page_text: The wheels are kept in place by strong slides fitting into grooves on
each side of the axle boxes. These slides are connected-with the-under
framing by strong bolts, and serve to keep the wheels in the proper
gauge without using the connecting axle as at present in use.
As regards crank shafts in locomotives, paddle wheel steamer engines,
traction and other engines, it is intended to have a double crank axle
disconnected from that of the opposite wheel, the piston rods acting
direct from the crank shafts into the cylinders, thus allowing each
driving wheel and paddle wheel to act independently of one another.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TAPS OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN BOTTLING LIQUIDs
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Joseph Millard at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st November 1871.
I, JOHN JOSEPH MILLARD, of Francis Terrace, Victoria Park, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TAPS OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN BOTTLING
LIQUIDs," to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in taps or apparatus to
be employed in bottling liquids. For this purpose I employ a tap
having a plug, which turns in the barrel thereof as heretofore, but on
the lower end of the "spout" I form or fix a tube of any desired length
forming a prolongation of the spout. In the interior of this tube I fix
a vent pipe, which is open at the bottom whilst at the top it com-
municates with a hole formed in the prolongation of the spout.
In cases where the tap or apparatus is to be employed for bottling
liquids which are liable to froth I fix the lower end of the vent pipe in
the centre of the spout, which is closed at the bottom by a disc and has

page_text: holes formed laterally therein so as to cause the liquid to flow against
and around the inside of the neck of the bottle and thereby prevent any
froth being formed.
On the upper part of the prolongation of the spout, at any suitable
distance from the end but below the vent aperture, I place a conical
plug of india-rubber, which rests against a shoulder formed on or fixed
to the prolongation of the spout.
In addition to the ordinary plug I combine with my improved
bottling taps a valve which is acted upon by a spring to close it.
This valve may consist of a conical or other disc or valve resting on
a "seat" formed in the barrel of the tap, or it may consist of a tube
which acts to open or close the openings in the prolongation of the
spout. The valve may be acted upon by the bottle to open it, or a
projection passing upwards through the "plug" may be employed to
be acted upon by the hand of the operator.
In using these taps or apparatus the ordinary plug is "turned on," the
neck of the bottle is then passed over the prolongation of the spout and
pressed firmly against the conical plug, when the supplemental valve is
opened. The liquid then flows into the bottle until it reaches the lower
end of the vent pipe, when on account of no escape being provided for
the air the liquid ceases to flow into the bottle. The supplemental valve
is then closed and the bottle is removed.
By these means the bottles are all filled up to a given height, and it is
impossible for the tap to be left running, whilst the necessity for the
employment of an experienced bottler is entirely obviated, and each
bottle is ready for corking as it leaves the tap or apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRACTION ENGINES AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Woodford Pilkington at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th February 1871.
I, WOODFORD PILKINGTON, of Balham, in the County of Surrey,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
“IMPROVEMENTS IN TRACTION ENGINES AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH,
PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object certain improvements in the arrange-
ment and combination of the machinery and wheels of traction engines
for common roads and vehicles which accompany them so that they may
be more easily guided or steered and be made to work or move easily in
either direction end for end as required.
.
In traction engines constructed according to this Invention trailing
swivel guide wheels are used, one being placed at cach end of the engine
frame, with the main bearing or driving wheels between them; by this
means the engine is not only evenly balanced but by having a separate
engine or pair of cylinders to each driving wheel on either side of the

page_text: boiler the engine may be guided and turned in any direction by the
simple action of levers connected with the throttle valves of the steam
pipes. These levers may be acted upon if desired by springs so that a
straight course is resumed on relieving the lever of pressure; thus
difference of direction is communicated by simply throttling the steam
at either side. The engine is rounded at each end carrying a parallel
bar with a runuing link so as to limber close and be used end for ond
indifferently and turn more casily with train attached.
This part of my improvements together with the arrangement of
trailing wheels used singly fore and aft is applicable to omnibuses, 1
wagons, or other carriages drawn by horses, the pole being attached to
and sliding upon the parallel bar.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RESERVOIRS OR DAMPING WELLS APPLICABLE TO COPYING MACHINES AND OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Rebanks at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th January
1871.
I, ISAAC REBANKS, of Wormwood Street, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
RESERVOIRS OR DAMPING WELLS APPLICABLE TO COPYING MACHINES AND OTHER
USEFUL PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in reservoirs or damping
wells for moistening paper used in copying machines or for other similar
useful purposes, the object being to enable the brush to be constantly
kept at a sufficient degree of saturation for use, and to prevent the
disturbance of the main body of water, and the reception of dust or
sediment by the brush.
The Invention also permits of the water remaining clean for a longer
period than when exposed completely as is at present the case.
I propose to construct a receptacle of wood, metal, or other suitable
material to contain the water, and I apply within the receptacle a float
resting on the surface of the water; this float is formed with an opening
or well provided with a grating or series of cross bars, and near the well,

page_text: '
a raised flange or flanges are applied to the float. The damping brush
when at rest bears on the flange or flanges and dips or tilts into the well
as far as the grating, above which a small quantity of water always
remains so that the brush is always- ready for use. It is only necessary
to draw the brush once or twice along the edges of the flange or flanges
to extract any superfluous. water before damping the copying paper. Of
course as the water decreases by use or by evaporation the float descends
but the level above the grating is constantly the same, the brush cannot
be dipped below the grating, so that there is no risk of unduly wetting it,
neither can it be applied to the bottom of the receptacle to take up dirt
or sediment. The float is provided on its upper surface with grooves or
channels which serve as conduits for the water to the well and thus the
water freed from the brush by the flange or flanges returns to the
reservoir. In filling the reservoir the water may be poured over all parts
of the float in order to cleanse its surface, and occasionally the float may
be lifted out of the reservoir and the water poured off to remove the
sediment.
The Invention is also applicable to damping labels, stamps, and a
variety of articles to which a damping brush or reservoir or damping well
may be applied.
A NEW OR IMPRoved Hand Hoe
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Mold and William
George Mold at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 15th July 1871.
We, GEORGE MOLD, of Nethercott, near Banbury, in the County
of Oxford, Baker, and WILLIAM GEORGE MOLD, of Chacombe, near
Banbury, aforesaid, Miller, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW OR IMPRoved Hand Hoe," to be as follows :—
Our Invention consists of a new or improved hand hoe constructed
substantially as herein-after described, whereby the said hand hoe in
addition to loosening the soil and cutting the roots of weeds is double-
acting, that is, it hoes or moulds up at one operation the soil at the
adjacent sides of two rows of potatoes or other vegetables, great saving
of time and labour is thereby obtained.
Our new or improved hand hoe consists of a nearly vertical moulder
or moulding blade, its acting side being convex for moulding or turning
the soil on either side its path, and a horizontal share or cutter at the
base, and a little in advance of the said moulding blade for loosening
the soil and cutting the roots of weeds.

page_text: We prefer to make the moulding blade and share of one piece or plate
of cast steel, the junction being strengthened by a rib, but the said
blade and share may be made of separate pieces or plates of steel or iron.
The rib described in addition to strengthening the junction of the parts
also assists in turning aside the soil from off the moulding blade. The
moulding blade is triangular, and when bent into a convex figure con-
stitutes two wings, each wing moulding the soil at one side of the two
rows of vegetables between which the blade passes. The share or
cutter at the base of the moulding blade is also triangular, but much
smaller than the moulding blade. The said share or cutter is nearly
flat, the handle is connected to the top edge of the moulding blade by
being fitted on a shank or stem, and fixed by a screw nut or otherwise.
In using our new or improved hand hoe the share or cutter and moulding
blade are placed at the required depth in the soil between two rows of
potatoes or other vegetables to be hocd.
The workman using the hoe stands in front of it and by means of the
handle draws it after him. The horizontal share or cutter first cuts the
roots of the weeds and loosens the soil, and the moulding blade following
the said share or cutter moulds or turns aside the soil on either side of
its path, and thereby moulds or hoes up the soil on the adjacent sides
of the two rows of vegetables between which it travels. Spaces are left
between the lower edge of the moulding blade, and the inner edge of
the share, through which spaces clods or consolidated masses of soil pass
as the hoc advances. By this means the loosened or broken up soil only
is carried to the vegetables by the moulding blade.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR GRINDING AND ALSO FOR 'GLAZING' AND 'BUFFING' KNIFE BLADES AND FORK BLADES OF STEEL OR OTHER METAL
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Henry Wood at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st October 1871.
I, CHARLES HENRY WOOD, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Table
Knife Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR GRINDING AND ALSO
FOR 'GLAZING' AND 'BUFFING' KNIFE BLADES AND FORK BLADES OF STEEL OR
OTHER METAL," to be as follows:-
The method of grinding knife blades and fork blades of steel or metal
hitherto in use has been to grind the same upon the periphery or cir-
cumference of a grindstone (in which operation the grindstones frequently
split or broke up), and afterwards to glaze and buff the same on wood
and leather.
The improved method consists in preparing the sides of the grindstone,
or glazer, or buffer (instead of their circumference), so that the knife
blades or fork blades may be perfectly ground, or glazed, or buffed
thereon, and also in fixing or placing round the circumference of the
stone, or glazer, or buffer (if need be) a ring, band, or rim of iron or

page_text: other suitable material, which will prevent the stone, or glazer, or buffer
from either splitting or breaking.
The apparatus employed is constructed as follows:-The knife blades
or fork blades to be ground, or glazed, or buffed are placed in blocks
or receptacles, which are free to slide on guide rods in the grindstone
frame or otherwise, so that the knife blades or fork blades may be
brought perfectly true to the sides of the revolving stone, or glazer, or
buffer (the blocks may be either moved by hand or by mechanical
means (such as a screwed rod).
Indents may be made in the sliding blocks, so that the faces of the
knife blades or fork blades presented to the sides of the stone, or glazer, or
buffer, may be in a true plane therewith, which may also be accomplished,
either by fastening the tang alone, or (the knife blade or fork blade
point being made of a slightly prolonged form) by fastening the same
both at the tang and at the point or points.
It may here be observed that in some manufactories it will be
found more convenient to place the knife blades or fork blades to
be 'ground, glazed, or buffed in small "shuttles" or moulds which
fit in the sliding blocks, so that one block may be used for all shapes
of knife blades and fork blades, the shuttles or moulds corresponding :
to the shape or design of the knife blade or fork blade, all the moulds
being capable of adjustment in the same blocks.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR ENGRAVING DIES AND ROLLERS FOR CALICO PRINTING
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Rocliffe and
William James Radcliffe at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 4th November 1871.
We, JOHN HENRY ROOLIFFE and WILLIAM JAMES RADCLIFFE, both
of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engravers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
ENGRAVING DIES AND ROLLERS FOR CALICO PRINTING," to be as follows:-
11
Our Invention is applicable to the ordinary pentagraph or eccentric
engraving machines, and it consists in applying a drill or drills which
are turned round and moved up and down by steam or other power for
the purpose of drilling, tracing, and shading the design upon dies or
rollers used for engraving. In applying our Invention to a pentagraph
machine we fix as many stands as there are drills required to the tool
slide; the spindles of the drills rotate in these stands, and they are lifted
up by an eccentric and fall down by their own gravity assisted by a
spring, the force of which is regulated by an adjustable eccentric
connected to an index wheel; the eccentric acts on a weighted lever

page_text: pressing upon a plate resting on the spring. By this means designs
of any required depth can be produced on dies or rollers, whereas in
ordinary engraving machines the depth is limited. The drills employed
are diamonds ground to the required angle and with the requisite number
of faces.
In- PROVEMENTS IN ASPHALTE ROADS AND CAUSEWAYS, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPAratus EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Maitland Tate at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th February 1871.
I, Charles Maitland Tate, of No. 21, Argyle Square, in the Parish
of Saint Pancras, in the County of Middlesex, Civil and Mechanical
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN ASPHALTE ROADS AND CAUSEWAYS, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPAratus
EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
This Invention is designed to prevent horses slipping and falling
when drawing vehicles over asphalte roads, and in other cases where
horses may have fallen to give them the means to grip or bite the
asphalte road with their feet, and thereby enable them the more readily
to regain an upright position.
According to this Invention I rough, score, or indent the asphalte
of which the roads or causeways are formed by means of hot rollers,
or by hot stampers, similar to those at present used in setting the
asphalte, the difference being that according to my Invention the roller
or stamper has the face formed with proper projections to produce the
desired impression, which patterns by preference I make either in

page_text: diamonds or squares, but I wish it to be understood that I do not
confine myself to any particular patterns, as the same may be varied
without in any way affecting this Invention.
The rollers according to this Invention may be heated either by means
of fire being placed within the rollers, or from without, or in any other 5
convenient way.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MACHINES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Bond and Joseph Foster
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 30th November 1871.
We, WALTER BOND, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Letter-
press Printer, and JOSEPH FOSTER, of the same Place, Engineer and
Iron Founder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
re
Our Invention consists of certain improvements upon the machine
Patented by us March 22nd of the present year, and numbered (774).
With the machine constructed as detailed in the above named Patent,
we were enabled to print from rolls or webs of various widths, but were
restricted to one size "only" in the breadth of the sheets printed. By the
improvements herein-after described we shall be able to print news-
papers of varying size with the same machine, changing from one size
to another either in the length of the page or the number of columns to
the page, with the greatest facility.
For that purpose we employ a series of endless tapes passing round the
various impression cylinders and carrier cylinders, which will conduct to

page_text: their destination the separate sheets in the manner here described:-
The end of the sheet of paper from the roll or web having entered the
endless tapes the desired length is cut off, and the sheets so separated
are carried by the tapes to their respective impression cylinders in exact
time properly to recieve impressions. When the sheet of paper to be
printed is equal to the full capacity of the machine, the sheets pass into
the tapes in close contact with each other; but when the sheet is
smaller than the full capacity of the machine, each sheet is retarded at
the entrance to the tapes in exact proportion as its size is diminished,
and is thus delivered to the machine in a position accurately to receive
its impression. The sheets thus pass through the machine carried by
the endless tapes separated from each other by a space exactly equal to
the amount it is short of the full capacity of the machine.
The Invention herein specified does not in any way affect the
principle of the machine Patented by us as herein-before named, but
is designed for the purpose of enabling us to modify its construction so
as to meet the varied requirements of the trade.
The principle of these improvements is equally applicable to most
existing printing machines, and may be applied with advantage in many
cases where hand feeding is now practised.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, STREET PAVEMENTS, SIDE WALKS, FLOORS, AND OTHER ANALOGOUS SURFACES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 4th July 1871.- A communication from abroad by Daniel
Brennan, junior, of Orange, in the State of New Jersey, United
States of America.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF ROADS, STREET PAVEMENTS, SIDE WALKS, FLOORS, AND OTHER ANALOGOUS
SURFACES," to be as follows :-
The object of this Invention is to add to the durability of roadways,
street pavements, side walks, parade grounds, floors, and other analogous
surfaces.
The Invention consists in covering the surface with a coating of iron
or an alloy of iron or other metallic substance used in fragments or
small pieces laid on the surface of the roadway, pavement, side walk,
square, or other place, much in the same manner as broken stone is now
used in constructing the McAdam road.

page_text: The object of the Invention is to secure smoothness and hardness
of surface in a road, and for this purpose the metallic covering used
consists of fragments or pieces of any size, shape, or form of iron
or alloys of iron, or any metallic substance. The metallic coating
is supported by a foundation or substratum of broken stone, wood,
asphaltum, or concrete. The pieces or fragments of metal are bound
or cemented together either by the natural travel thereupon, by the use
of steam or other rollers, with water and sand, and Portland or other
cement, or a compound containing tar, pitch, asphaltum, or bitumen.
The pieces, fragments, or particles of metal may be made to adhere
together by producing corrosion or oxidation by the application of
chemical oxidizing agents. The metallic coating or covering may be
pressed or rolled into a wood pavement or wood substratum, and applied
in the construction of all roadways, pavements, side walks, areas, floors,
cellar bottoms, squares, or plazas, or parade grounds.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF PREPARING COLOURS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marie-Guillaume Raoul, Comte
de Favières at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 29th November 1871.
I, MARIE-GUILLAUME RAOUL, COMTE DE FAVIÈRES, of Boulevard St.
65 Germain, 21, Paris, Householder, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF PREPARING COLOURS," to bo
as follows, that is to say :-
The Invention consists in the employment of glycerine in lieu of oil,
honey, and other like substances now employed for preparing colours for
all kinds of painting on wood, canvas, paper, ivory, textile fabrics, and
other materials.
In grinding colours to form thereof a paste which is placed in small
tin or lead cylindrical vessels, honey is generally mixed therewith. By
my improved process instead of honey I mix glycerine therewith by any

page_text: of the known means for the purpose of preventing a too rapid desiccation
of the coat of paint applied with the brush.
This process is chiefly applicable to artistic painting in water colours
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING THE EXPLOSIONS OF OR ACCIDENTS TO STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Milsom Birchall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th March 1871.
I, ARTHUR MILSOM BIRCHALL, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster,
Tobacco Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING THE EXPLOSIONS OF OR
ACCIDENTS TO STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, first, of improved apparatus for discharging
steam or water into the furnace when the water arrives at a dangerous
level. I employ a pipe communicating with the inside of the boiler,
the lower end being below the working level of the water, and to the
upper end of the pipe is fixed a box containing a valve and a disc made
of any well-known composition of metals, the composition melting at
the temperature of steam or at any required temperature, the valve
being for the purpose of enabling the communication between the boiler
and the disc to be closed when required, and to this box is attached
another pipe which descends to the fire of the boiler, or to any other
suitable place. When the boiler is at work, and the water is at a level
above the bottom of the first-named pipe, the pipe is wholly or partially

page_text: filled with water and is carried to such a height that the heat of the
water at the top of the pipe is not of a sufficient temperature to melt
the disc. On the water falling below the level of the lower end of the
pipe the water contained in it descends and allows steam or heated
water to take its place and the steam or heated water coming in contact
with the disc melts, it thus having free access through the second named
pipe to the fire of the boiler. When this takes place, and the shortness
of water has been discovered, the valve should be closed and the water
got up to the ordinary working level, this being accomplished another
disc is inserted, the valve opened, and the apparatus is again in working
order.
The second part of this Invention consists of an improved low water
apparatus combined with a steam pressure safety valve. In the inside
of the boiler is a float, which on the water in the boiler falling to a low
level opens a small valve and admits the steam into a cylinder or on a
diaphram, whereby on its entering a force is exerted against one or more
levers or directly on the weight of the safety valve as desirable, which
lifts the load from off the safety valve and allows the steam to escape from
the boiler. On the water regaining its proper level the float closes the
small valve and the blowing off is stopped, the valve for high pressure
being at the same time entirely unencumbered and free to act.
A NEW OR IMPROVED COMBINED PEN, PENCIL, INK RESERVOIR, AND INK DIPPING Cup
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hewson Stokes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th October 1871.
I, JOHN HEWSON STOKES, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Cigar Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW OR IMPROVED COMBINED PEN, PENCIL, INK RESERVOIR, AND INK DIPPING
Cup," to be as follows:―
My Invention consists of an instrument or apparatus containing an
ink reservoir and ink dipping cup or vessel and a pen and pencil, the
said articles being constructed and arranged or combined together in the
manner herein-after described.
When not in use the combined articles have the figure of a small
tubular case which can be carried in the pocket. The tubular case
separates by unscrewing at or near its middle. One of the separated
parts consists of a cylindrical ink dipping cup provided with an internal
conical neck similar to that of an exciseman's ink bottle for the purpose
of preventing the running out of the ink. The other and larger part of

page_text: The said ink
When the two
the case consists of a cylindrical ink reservoir provided at its screwed
end with a tubular penholder in which a pen is fixed.
reservoir constitutes the upper part of the penholder.
parts of the case are screwed together, the penholder and
pen occupy the
conical neck of the ink dipping cup. The top of the ink reservoir has a
projecting tubular piece of small diameter to which a small cap
carrying a black lead pencil may be attached by screwing or sliding.
The said cap is capable of being reversed so as to turn the point of the
pencil outwards for use, or inwards for protection. The tubular piece is
not fixed to the ink reservoir but passes down its axis and terminates in
a valve closing the bottom of the reservoir. By pressing upon the said
tubular piece the said valve may be opened, and ink allowed to run
from the reservoir into the ink dipping cup. On removing the pressure
from the tubular piece the valve is closed by the action of a coiled
spring.