IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF ANd Apparatus FOR EXTRACTING THE JUICE AND CRYSTALLIZABLE MATTER. FROM SUGAR CANE, AND AFTER MANIPULATION OF THE SAME
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Walters Risien, of Demerara, but at
present of 15, Water Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF ANd Apparatus
FOR EXTRACTING THE JUICE AND CRYSTALLIZABLE MATTER. FROM SUGAR CANE,
AND AFTER MANIPULATION OF THE SAME."-A communication from abroad
by William Russell, of Demerara.
Scaled the 3rd February 1875, and dated the 30th November 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Walters Risien.
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 30th November 1874.
I, GEORGE WALTERS RISIEN, of Demerara, but at present of 15,
Water Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF
AND APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING THE JUICE AND CRYSTALLIZABLE MATTER FROM
SUGAR CANE, AND AFTER MANIPULATION OF THE SAME," (a communication to him
from abroad William Russell, of Demerara, to be as follows:-
It has often been proved and it is well known that the sugar cane
contains a greater proportion of crysallizable saccharine matter than

page_text: water and steam from the water trap is conducted to the piping before
described at the top of the chamber for saturating the begass. The
begass being conducted from the first mill to the second mill by the
endless band or carrier is thoroughly saturated by this condensed water,
and it is further treated by steam from the lower pipes passing up through
the band, which steam also serves to cleanse the bands. When the begass
reaches the second mill the water that it has absorbed by saturation is
expressed from it and carrics with it the soluble crystalline matter con-
tained in the cells of the canc. The bogass is carried away from the
second mill for fuel or manure.
The juice obtained by this second treatment is carried through a
separate set of juice heaters, heated by the exhaust steam from the
engine driving the second mill. This juice after passing through the
Licater may be conducted to mix with the juice from the first mill, or it
may be conducted into the piping in the chamber and used for saturating
the begass as it circulates round, obtaining a larger proportion of sac-
charine matter, and it is eventually conducted when of sufficient strength
to augment the supply from the first mill.
In some cases the juice from the second mill may be sent direct into a
second set of clarifiers and mixed with scum and other washings of
sugar works and dealt with by an excess of lime and afterwards by car-
bonic acid gas. The juice and washings at this stage must not exceed
five degrees, Beaumé's saccharometer, in richness, so as to prevent the
formation of saccharite of lime.
The juice after carbonisation is decanted and mixed with the juice
from the first mill and made direct into "first" sugar, or may be mixed
with the molasses from the first boiling to make a superior "second"
sugar. As in the present method of making "second" sugar a large
quantity of water has to be used in diluting the molasses before boiling,
the residue after decanting may be forced through filter presses so as to
deprive it of all juice.
By the use of this Invention it is found that by an addition of water
equal to fifty per cent. of the original cane juice a gain of at least
twenty-five per cent. on the sugar now extracted from the cane by the
most approved mills is obtained, that is to say, if the original cane juice
is one hundred gallons and there is added fifty gallons of water by

page_text: saturating the begass in its transit from the first to the second mill the
result will be at least from fifty to sixty gallons of juice, which in
richness is equal to at least twenty-five gallons of the original juice.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said 'George Walters Risicn in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 19th May 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
WALTERS RISIEN, of Demerara, but at present of 15, Water Street,
Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent bearing date the Thirtieth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said George Walters Risien, Her
special licence that I, the said George Walters Risien, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said George
Walters Risien, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Irelantl, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING
THE JUICE AND CRYSTALLIZABLE MATTER FROM SUGAR CANE, AND AFTER MANIPU-
LATION OF THE SAME,' a communication to me from abroad by William
Russell, of Demerara, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said George Walters Risien, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
"
NOW KNOW YË, that I, the said George Walters Risien, do hereby

page_text: is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained-in and
by the following statement:-
:-
It has often been proved, and it is well known, that the sugar cane
contains a greater proportion of crystallizable saccharino matter than
planters with the most approved mills succeed in expressing from the
canc.
The general practice is to pass the canc through a cane mill, the
expressed juice being led away for after manipulation, and the stalks for
fuck or manure. Also the expressed stalks after treatment by one mill
have been led away by an endless band to further treatment by a second
mill. During the passage of the stalks from the first mill to the second
mill they have been subjected to the application of a jet of steam, or
moderately hot water has been applied to them, the intended benefit
being saturating the expressed canc stalks so as to obtain from them,
during their treatment by the second rollers, whatever saccharine matter
still remains in in them, inasmuch as it is known that the application of
hot water or steam renders soluble the crystalline saccharine matter
resident in the cells of the canc. For reference to this method of
treating sugar cane by saturation and passage through two mills, sco
"Practical Sugar Planter," by Leonard Wray, from page 296 to 299.
Now this Invention relates to a method of and apparatus for carrying
the before-described process of saturation and double treatment of the
cane into effect.
In carrying this Invention into operation two mills are used, and they
are connected by an intermediate chamber having a carrier running
therein, which carrier may be an endless band or other suitable con-
trivance to carry the expressed canc stalks from the first to the second
mill for further treatment.
The mills may be placed at a distance of thirty feet (more or less)
apart, and the chamber extends from mill to mill. The chamber is in
the form of a shoot or covered trough. Inside the chamber and near
the top thereof there is placed a system of perforated piping by which
either cold or hot water or cance juice may be thrown upon the stalks
or begass in a spray, and saturate the same, as herein after more fully
described. Inside the chamber, and between the endless band or carrier,
there is placed a second series of perforated pipes, used to drive steam

page_text: through the endless band or carrier and mix with the water or cane
juice, and operate on the expressed stalks or begass and saturate the
same. The juice from the first mill after passing through a sulphurous
gas churn is forced through a set of Russell's combined juice heater
and water traps, and the condensed water and steam from the water
trap is conducted to the piping before described at the top of the
chamber for saturating the begass. The begass being conducted from
the first mill to the second mill by the endless band or carrier is
thoroughly saturated by this condensed water, and it is further treated
by steam from the lower pipes passing up through the band, which
steam also serves to cleanse the band. When the begass reaches the
second mill the water that it has absorbed by saturation is expressed
from it and carries with it the soluble crystalline matter contained in
the cells of the canc. The begass is carried away from the second mill
for fuel or-manure.
The juice obtained by this second treatment is carried through a
separate set of juice licaters, heated by the exhaust steam from the
engine driving the second mill. This juice after passing through the
heater may be conducted to mix with the juice from the first mill, or it
may be conducted into the piping in the chamber and used for
saturating the begass as it circulates round, obtaining a larger pro-
portion of saccharine matter, and it is eventually conducted when
of sufficient strength to augment the supply from the first mill.
In some cases the juice from the second mill may be sent direct into a
second set of clarifiers, and mixed with scum and other washings of
sugar works, and dealt with by an excess of lime and afterwards by
carbonic acid gas. The juice and washings at this stage must not
exceed 5°, Beaumé's saccharometer, in richness, so as to prevent the
formation of saccharite of lime.
The juice after carbonization is decanted and mixed with the juice
from the first mill and made direct into "first" sugar, or may be mixed
with the molasses from the first boiling to make a superior "second"
sugar. As in the present method of making "second" sugar a large
quantity of water has to be used in diluting the molasses before boiling.
The residue after decanting may be forced through filter presses so as to
deprive it of all juice.
By the use of this Invention it is found that by an addition of water
equal to fifty per cent. of the original cane juice a gain of at least

page_text: twenty-five per cent. on the sugar now extracted from the cane by the
most improved mills is obtained, that is to say, if the original cane juice
is one hundred gallons and there is added fifty gallons of water by
saturating the begass in its transit from the first to the second mill, the
5 result will be at least from fifty to sixty gallons of juice which in
richness is equal to at least twenty-five gallons of the original juice.
In order that this Invention of improvements in the method of and
apparatus for extracting the juice and crystallizable matter from sugar
cane, and after manipulation of the same may be more clearly under-
stood, I shall now proceed to describe the several Figures on the
explanatory Sheets of Drawings, which I have hereunto annexed for the
purpose of showing the arrangement of machinery and apparatus by
which this Invention may be carried out into practice. The Slicets of
Drawings have figures and letters of reference marked thereon, like
letters being used to denote similar parts or corresponding parts in cach
Figure. For the convenience of showing the apparatus on a large scale,
the apparatus is shown broken off, the next figure extending the view.
Figure 1 is a side elevation of a cane mill which I will call the first
mill. The Figure also shows a portion of the saturator and the first
juice heater; Figure 2 is a continuation of Figure 1 and shows upper
portion of saturator, second cane mill, first heater for second juice, and
second heater for second juice; Figure 3 is a plan of Figure 1; Figure
4 is a continuation of Figure 3, and a plan of Figure 2; Figures 5, 6,
7, 8, 9, 10, and 11, are details of saturator box drawn to a larger scale;
Figures 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16, are details of endless band or carrier
drawn to a larger scale.
.
Upon reference it will be seen that A is the first mill, and B the
second mill, shown in the Drawings, about forty-five feet apart from
centre to centre; C.is the chamber connecting the mills A and B; C₁ is
an endless band used to carry the expressed cane stalks from the first
mill A to the second mill B for further treatment. Inside the chamber
C there is placed a system of piping a perforated or provided with jets by
which either cold or hot water or cane juice may be thrown upon the
stalks or begass in a spray, and saturate the same as herein-after more
fully described; b is a second series of pipes perforated or provided with
jets placed inside the chamber C and under the endless band C¹, used to
drive steam through the band or carrier and operate on the expressed

page_text: stalks or begass; D is the first cane juice heater from the mill A; E,
sulphur box; F, first heater for second juice from the mill B; G, second
heater for second juice; H, elevator for finished begass; I, gutter from
first mill to sulphur box; J, first juice liquor pump; K, second juice
liguor pump; L, first pump valve box; M, second pump valve box; N,
pipe carrying first juice to heater D; O, pipe leading to clarifier; P,
supply pipe for hot water to upper saturator supply pipes a; Q, regulating
cock for same; R, pipe carrying second juice to heater F; S, connecting
pipe between heaters F and G; T, pipe for delivering second juice into
gutter of sulphur box; U pipe with cock attached to deliver second juice
into the upper range of saturation supply pipes a; V, pipe for supplying
the lower range of saturation supply pipes with steam or water; W,
pipe conveying condensed steam and water to heater F; Y, exhaust
steam pipe from engine; d, pipe for carrying away the water or water
and juice that may collect in the chamber C during the saturation of the.
begass; c, cocks for regulating distribution of water from the pipes a;
f, cocks for regulating steam supply from the pipes b; 7, man-holes in
chamber C; %, shaft pulleys and adjusting apparatus for carrying and
tightening the endless band C'. The endless band C' consists of the
chains m, m³, the lateral bars n, the wire meshwork p, and the paddles s,
as will be understood upon reference to the Drawings and the accom-
panying details.
The method of operation of this Invention is as follows :—The
expressed cane stalks upon being delivered from the first mill A arc
carried by the endless band O' for further treatment by the second
mill B. During their passage through the chamber C they are subjecteḍ
to a spray or jet of (by preference) hot water from the pipes a, or cane
juice may be used. They are also subjected to a jet of steam or water
from the pipes b. The juice obtained from the stalks by treatment in
the first mill A passes through the sulphur box E, and is afterwards
forced through the juice heater D, and then to the clarifier. The con-
densed water from the heater D passes through the pipe P. and the
cock Qand the pipes a, and is used for saturating the expressed stalks
in their passage through the chamber C. The saturation may be
regulated by the cocks e. The stalks are further treated by being
subjected to jets of steam or water from the pipes b, which are regulated
by the cocks f. This saturation renders soluble the crystalline matter
resident in the cells of the stalks. The stalks then pass through the

page_text: second mill B, which treatment expresses the juice caused by the
saturation. This second juice falls into the second liquor pump K and
is forced through the heaters F and G. The second juice thus obtained
may be caused to pass through the pipe T and join the first juice, and
thence to the clarifiers, or the juice may pass through the pipe U into
the upper saturation pipes a to saturate the stalks, in which case the
supply of water through the pipe P may be wholly or partially cut off.
Steam is supplied to the pipes & through the pipe V.
When desired the second juice may be sent direct to a second set of
clarifiers from the heater G and treated as described in the first part of
this Specification.
Having now fully described and ascertained the nature, object, and
purposes of this Invention, and explained how the same may be put
into practical effect, I wish it to be understood that I do not confine
myself to any particular size or dimensions of the apparatus, as shown,
nor to the identical arrangement of the same, as such is capable of con-
siderable alteration without departing from this Invention; but what I
claim as the Invention communicated to me from abroad by the said
William Russell is,―
Firstly. The method of and arrangement of apparatus for extracting
the juice and crystallizable matter from sugar cane and after mani-
plation of the same, substantially in the manner and for the purpose
described in the beforegoing Specification and shown in the accom-
panying Sheets of Drawings.
Secondly. The saturation chamber C joining the mills A and B and
fitted with the water saturation supply pipes a, the steam supply
pipes b, the endless band C', all substantially as shown in the accom-
panying Drawings, and for the purposes described in the beforegoing
Specification.
Thirdly. The use and application of the condensed water from the
first juice heater for the purpose of feeding the saturation supply pipes a,
substantially as shown and described.
Fourthly. The use and application of the second juice from the
heater G for the purpose of feeding the saturation supply pipes 6, sub-
stantially as shown and described.
Fifthly. The arrangement of the heaters F and G either to deliver the
second juice to mix with the first juice in the sulphur churn or to deliver

page_text: the second juice into the saturating pipes a, or to lead the second juice
to second clarifiers, substantially as shown and described in the before-
going Specification and Drawings.
In witness whereof I, George Walters Risien, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Tenth day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.