IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR DRYING AND CONDITIONING GRAIN AND OTHER CEREALS IN BULK, PARTS OF WHICH INVENTION ARE ALSO APPLICBALE FOR OD OTHER FLUIDS" THE CEVEDAL DIYDDASS OR LYDISTING AID PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Marie Capell, Rector of Passenham in the County
of Northampton Clerk in Holy Orders, for an Invention of "IMPROVED
MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR DRYING AND CONDITIONING GRAIN AND OTHER
CEREALS IN BULK, PARTS OF WHICH INVENTION ARE ALSO APPLICBALE FOR
OD OTHER FLUIDS"
THE CEVEDAL DIYDDASS OR
LYDISTING AID
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Marie Capell at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th September 1882.
GEORGE MARIE CAPELL Rector of Passenham in the County of Northampton
Clerk in Holy Orders. "IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR DRYING AND
CONDITIONING GRAIN AND OTHER CEREALS IN BULK, PARTS OF WHICH INVENTION
ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR THE GENERAL PURPOSES OF EXHAUSTING AIR, GASES,
OR OTHER FLUIDS."
The Invention consists of an apparatus contrived to pass atmospheric air, or air
dried in a specially constructed heating stove, or through a chamber containing
hemical substances to absorb moisture through grain in bulk by means of the
suction of an exhaust fan or by the fall of a column of water through a tube of
larger diameter than the pipe which conveys the water to the centre of the tube
exhausting the air. The water for the purposes of exhaust may be raised by a
pump of ordinary construction or centrifugal pump or may be from a natural
fall. The grain to be operated upon is placed in a receiver closed at the sides, but
with a perforated bottom and below that a second and air tight bottom. These
form a chamber froin which the air is exhausted either by the fan or the exhaust
apparatus above described and air is driven through the grain by atmospheric
pressure. In case it is found necessary to pass hot air through the grain a cover
is placed on the chamber containing the grain and a pipe leading to the hot air
stove is placed at a point in the drying chamber so that the hot air is drawn from
the stove by the action of the exhaust beneath the grain.
To regulate the heat of the entering air there is a valve placed between the hot

page_text: air stove and the drying chamber admitting atmospheric air thus reducing the
temperature of the heated air to the point desired, or the valve may be placed in
the air chamber of the stove. In the case of the air being deprived of moisture
by the use of chemicals the use of artificial heat is dispensed with.
In case it may be found necessary to stir the grain when in bulk to equalize
the drying process I may employ a screw or worm through the chamber for the
above purpose although I may employ any other suitable device.
In some cases I provide for the grain to be placed in V shaped hoppers and at
or near the apex of the angle for the air to be exhausted through the central tube
which may for the axis on which the said hoppers receive their partial rotation,
when another hopper comes into position and so on.
Another modification of my invention is to have a perforated cone at the bottom
of the chamber containing the grain in and through which the exhaust is effected.
The chamber may be rotated and a screw may also be placed therein which may
remain stationary or may rotate.
A suitable fan for the above purposes is that described in my former Patent
No 3130. A.D 1882.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said George Marie Capell in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
6th March 1883.
GEORGE MARIE CAPELL Rector of Passenham in the County of Northampton
Clerk in Holy Orders "IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR DRYING AND
CONDITIONING GRAIN AND OTHER CEREALS IN BULK, PARTS OF WHICH INVENTION
ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR THE GENERAL PURPOSES OF EXHAUSTING AIR, GASES,
OR OTHER FLUIDS.
"
The Invention consists of an apparatus contrived to pass atmospheric air, or air
dried in a specially constructed heating stove, or through a chamber containing
chemical substances, to absorb moisture, through grain in bulk, by means of the
suction of an exhaust fan, or by the fall of a column of water through a tube of
larger diameter than the pipe which conveys the water to the centre of the tube
exhausting the air. The water for the purposes of exhaust may be raised by a
pump of ordinary construction, or centrifugal pump, or may be from a natural fall.
The grain to be operated upon is placed in a receiver closed at the sides but with
a perforated bottom, and below that a second and air tight bottom. These form a
chamber from which the air is exhausted either by the fan or the exhaust apparatus
above described and air is driven through the grain by atmospheric pressure as
before described with reference to Figure 3. In case it is found necessary to pass
hot air through the grain, a cover is placed on the chamber containing the grain,
and a pipe leading to the hot air stove is placed at a point in the drying chamber,

page_text: so that the hot air is drawn from the stove by the action of the exhaust beneath
the grain. To regulate the heat of the entering air, there is a valve placed beneath
the hot air stove, and the drying chamber admitting atmospheric air, thus reducing
the temperature, of the heated air to the point desired, or the valve may be placed
in the air chamber of the stove.
In the case of the air being deprived of moisture by the use of chemicals the use*
of artificial heat may be dispensed with.
In case it may be found necessary to stir the grain when in bulk to equalise the
drying process, I may employ a screw or worn through the chamber for the above
purpose although I may employ any other suitable device.
In some cases I provide for the grain to be placed in V shaped hoppers within'
a cylinder and at or near the apex of the angle for the air to be exhausted through
the central tube, which may form the axis on which the said hoppers receive their
partial rotation when another hopper comes into position and so on. Another
inodification of my Invention is to have a perforated cone at the bottom of the
chamber containing the grain in and through which the exhaust is effected. The.
chamber may be rotated and a screw may also be placed therein which may remain
stationary or may rotate. A suitable fan for the above purpose is that described
in my former Patent N° 3130 A D. 1882.
a
In Figure 1 I have shewn a modification of exhaust by a column of water.
is the funnel or trough and b a pipe therefrom which enters or dips into the pipe d
at a lower level than the exhaust pipe c. By the fall of water, the air is drawn
through the suction pipe c, as indicated by the arrows for the purposes of exhausting
air, gases, or other fluids.
The chemical drying chamber according to one modification is shown at Figure 2,
and may be square, or round, or of any other convenient shape. It consists'
advantageously of trays e having perforated or lattice beds, or a bed of woven
material, or matting, wire, cane, or other fibre or hair.
Upon these beds I place cotton wool, soaked in a chemical solution, adapted to
absorb moisture and then dried. A suitable solution may be common salt, potash,
or sal-ammoniac, with (in some cases) a small proportion of sulphuric acid when'
wool may have to be substituted for cotton.
In some cases I place the chemical absorbent such as dried salt or quick lime
on trays placed in such a manner that the air passes over a series of such trays
before being drawn through the grain or other substances to be dried.
A suitable air drying stove where heat is employed in my portable drying
apparatus is shown in Figure 3.
The heat evolved may be utilized in combination with the chemical absorbent
for the aforesaid purpose.
In Figure 3 H is the chemical or drying box through which the air is admitted
from the stove L by the pipe h or as before described may be drawn through the
uncovered or open box H. The air so dried enters the chamber K. containing the
grain or other substances by atmospheric pressure through the suction of the
fan M which is driven by any suitable gear. In this case the perforated bottom K¹
is slanting and there is an opening on the other side having a box into which
the buckets of an elevator dip and worked by the shaft of the hand gear.
In the case of drying grain or other produce which cannot advantageously be
dric when in thick layers, in order to diminish the thickness of such layers I
make my drying chamber in the form of, a cupboard with a door, or doors, which
when closed will be air tight. In this cupboard 1 place trays or drawers with
permeable bottoms of any suitable substance so as to allow the air to pass freely
through them, and on them I place the substances to be dried, leaving au air
space between each of the shelves or drawers ff as shown in Figure 4. On to the .
side of the cupboard or chamber I may attach a fan of the construction shown in
my former Patent No 3130 A.D. 1882, or other fans may be used; rendering the
apparatus portable, but it will be obvious that it may be stationary and not have

page_text: a fan permanently attached to it but simply connected or coupled up when
required.
In adapting this system to existing oast houses or kilns for the purposes of
drying grain, seeds, crops, or other produce, or substances, it will be necessary to
close the top of the building or structure to exclude external air and to admit heat
in the upper part as shown at Figure 5 from a stove g or from an air drying box
of suitable dimensions.
The substances to be artificially dried on hair or fibre cloths or matting, per-
forated metal, or other suitable material and the exhaust being effected beneath
by the action of a fan, driven by a hand or power fan or by the water exhaust
before described.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention and in what manner
the same is or may be advantageously carried into effect I would have it understood
that what I claim is :-
First. The water exhaust apparatus as applied to the drying of grain or other
cereals or produce or for the purposes of exhausting air, gases or other fluids as
hereinbefore described and illustrated.
Second. The chemical drying of air before passing it through the grain, or other
seeds, cereals, or produce to be dried or heated by the means and in the manner
herein set forth.
Third. The apparatus for drying the air by heat and regulating the same
previously to passing it through the grain or other produce to be heated as herein-
before described and illustrated.
Fourth. The apparatus consisting of a stove or chemical drying chamber or both
in combination with a grain or produce chamber, box or cupboard and a fan for
exhausting the dried air through the grain, seeds, cereals, or produce, as hereinbefore
described and illustrated.
Fifth. The form of cupboard, or portable or permanent oast house, with moveable
trays, or suspended woven matting, or perforated or permeable material, upon
which the small grain, hops and such like produce (which are not suitable to be
dried when placed in a layer of great thickness) are to be dried substantially in the
manner and by the means hereinbefore described and illustrated with reference to
the accompanying drawings.
In witness whereof I the said George Marie Capell have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Twenty seventh day of February in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty three.
Witness.
JAS FREDK PHILLIPS
of the firm of Phillips & Leigh.
Patent Agents
22 Southampton Buildings
Chancery Lane. W.C.
GM CAPELL (LS.)