IMPROVEMENTS IN Червентешине? 4 ONT ONLIN
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Tomlinson Bousfield, of Sussex Place,
Loughborough Road, Brixton, for the Invention. of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
Червентешине?
4
ONT ONLIN
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Tomlinson Bous-
field at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with liis Petition, on
the 17th November 1854.
I, GEORGE TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Sussex Place, Loughborough Road,
Brixton, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PREVENTING INCRUSTATION IN STEAM BOILERS" to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to subject water before it enters the boiler
(by the aid of suitable apparatus) to heat, so as to raise the temperature of
the water to such a degree that the lime and impurities may be caused to
deposit or be separated before the water enters the steam boiler. For this
purpose, there is connected to a steam boiler a long, vessel, having covers at
intervals, to allow of the vessel being readily cleaned out, and relieved from the
deposited impurities of the water which is fed into it by the force pump. Into
this vessel the waste steam of the engine is conducted which heats the water
therein. The heated water deposits some of its impurities in the vessel, and

page_text: the water flows out at the end into a perforated cylinder filled with sawdust,
twigs of birch, or thorn or broom, mixed with wheat bran. There is also a
lower cylinder, of wire cloth or perforated metal, containing-horse-dung-these-
cylinders or sieves are within a jacket, into which the steam flows, and from
thence by a pipe to the atmosphere. The water, having been heated and
filtered through the matters above mentioned, flows into a supply vessel,
arranged with. a. float, to cut off the supply of feed. water-to the apparatus, and
with cocks or valyes,, in such manner that when the further incoming of the
water is stopped in respect to the supply vessel, and steam is admitted into
that vessel from the boiler (to equalize the pressure), water will flow from the
supply vessel into the boiler, through the opened-passage for that purpose.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Tomlinson Bousfield in the Great Seal Patent
"Office on the 4th May. 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE.
TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Sussex Place, Loughborough Road, Brixton, send
greeting...**
107
51
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, Her 'special licence that I, the said
George Tomlinson Bousfield, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREVENTING INCRUSTATION IN STEAM BOILERS," a
communication, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said George
Tomlinson Bousfield, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the 'Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters. Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in, and by the
following statement (that is to say):-
%
The nature of the said Invention consists in separating from water all the
solid matter that it contains, by availing of the peculiar property that water
possesses of depositing any substance, such as lime, magnesia, &c., when
heated to about 70° or 90° Fahrenheit, more or less, thereby furnishing pure
water for supplying to a steam or other boiler, so that there will not be any
incrustation or deposit when evaporated. It will thus be seen that this method
of preventing incrustation in steam boilers is the reverse of that generally
pursued, for in almost all other methods it is sought to retain the solid.matter
in a solution, and prevent it depositing on the interior of the steam boiler;
whereas the present Invention is to cause these impurities to be deposited in
a separate apparatus before the water passes-into the boiler. It is well known
that where PURE water is supplied to a boiler, the said boiler will last much
longer and require less fuel, in consequence of there being no scale or deposit
to intervene between the metal and. the water; therefore the supplying pure
water, and obtaining all the advantages consequent thereon, is the object of this
Invention. In accomplishing this purpose, small streams of water sufficiently
heated are brought in contact with pebble stones, twigs, or similar substances,
on the surfaces of which the solid matter will be deposited as the water
trickels over the same; the water is also brought in contact with ammonia,
horse dung, charcoal, or similar materials, which will combine with such
substances as may be held in solution in the water, and form an insoluble
compound, that will be deposited, thereby effectually purifying the water.
In order to carry out this Invention a suitable apparatus has been devised,
the same being shewn in the annexed Drawings, which exhibit in Plate 1
such means as are adapted to low-pressure' boilers. In Plate 2 the same
apparatus is exhibited as arranged for a high-pressure boiler and engine; and
in Plate 3 the same apparatus is exhibited as suitably fitted for marine
purposes. And it must be distinctly borne in mind, that although these
Drawings shew what is believed to be the best arrangement for carrying out
this Invention, such modifications must be made from time to time as become
necessary to adapt this Invention of separating impurities from water by
deposition under a moderate degree of heat, to whatever purposes and under
whatever conditions the same may be available.
In Plate 1, a suitable metallic vessel A¹ is provided, to which a second
vessel A² is attached, into which vessels the exhaust steam of an engine is

page_text: admitted by means of a pipe C; the steam passes through the chambers D
and F into the cylinder A2, and what steam is not used in the apparatus
passes away by the pipe O to a condenser, or to the air, as with the ordinary
non-condensing engine. A regulated supply of water is caused to pass into
the apparatus by means of a pipe B, communicating with any suitable
reservoir or pump, and between the chambers D and F_a_circular-water-
chamber--B¹is-formed, having holes E, E, around its interior surface, from
which the water jets up into the chamber D, coming in contact with the
exhaust steam as it passes into the apparatus from the pipe C; hence the water
becomes partially heated; and in order to secure a sufficient supply of caloric
thereto, the water is allowed to run from the lower edges of the chamber D
into a basin F¹ in the chamber F, from the edges of which basin the water
drips through the steam on to a mass or layers of paving or large pebble
stones, on which the lime, magnesia, or other mineral matter deposits, in con-
sequence of the heat of the water, as the same trickels in small streams over
the extended surface thus presented. The mass of stones G is supported on
a grating G¹, sustained by rods H', that pass through a ring or flange I' inside
the vessel A2, and these rods H¹ are sustained at their lower ends by the ring
of a grating I, set on brackets J, screwed on to the inside. of the cylinder A².
These rods Hand grate I form an open crate or receiver H, into which
birch twigs or similar sticks or pieces of suitable material are placed; at
the same time a passage way H2 is left around between said rods H' and the
cylinder A¹. The water, as it runs off the stones G through the grate G', is
received by these twigs or sticks, and trickels down and through the same,
passing over a large extent of surface, and depositing the solid or foreign
matter it contains, and from the grating I below the twigs the water passes
on to a large flat layer K, of horse dung (ammonia), charcoal, or other suitable
substance, tied up in a coarse cloth, so that the water in passing through and
over the same receives an addition of ammonia or other substance, sufficient
to combine with and render insoluble any traces of lime or other material
that might otherwise stay in solution in the water. This mass or layer K
is supported on twigs or sticks on a concave diaphragm 1, in a tank or tub L,
supported by cross bars P within the cylinder A', and in the bottom of said
tank L small stones or pebbles are placed to receive and retain the solid
matter thus deposited out of the water, while pure water passes out by holes
.2, 2, in the sides of the tank L'; and in the space L in the bottom of the
cylinder A', pebbles or stones are also placed to retain any solid matter that
may escape from, the tank L'. M is a pipe to the pump or other suitable
apparatus to supply the requisite amount of water to the boiler; and N is a

page_text: pipe which may be provided for passing any surplus water away to any suitable
receiver, so as to prevent the apparatus becoming too full.
:
The apparatus should be of a size sufficient to receive all the foreign matter
from the water that is used, and only require cleaning every three or six
months, more or less; and when the said apparatus has to be cleaned, a man-
hole plate V is 'to be removed, and the top taken off the cylinder A³, or a
man-hole in the side, provided for that purpose, opened, and the stones, twigs,
horse dung, &c. removed, and fresh substituted in their places; and a pipe or
plug hole may be provided, as at 10, in the bottom of the cylinder A', to wash
the same out.
The foregoing description, so far as the letters of reference coincide, applies
equally well to the construction, operation, and effect of the apparatus shewn in
Plates 2 and 3.; therefore the description of such parts need not be repeated;
but the differences and additions necessary to adapt this Invention, in what is
considered the most advantageous manner to high-pressure and to marine
engines and boilers, will be next set forth. In Plate 2, the pipe B, supplying
water to the apparatus, is fitted with a descending pipe B, and rose of holes
at the lower end, forming the jets E, E, E, passing on to the stones G, for the
purposes before specified; and the cover D, in which the steam pipe C is
inserted, is fitted with flanches 3, 3, so as to be easily removed, if necessary,
and a man-hole R is also shewn in the side, to facilitate cleaning. The other
parts are constructed and operate in substantially the same manner as before
-detailed in describing Plate 1.
In marine engines, it is necessary to prevent the agitation, causing the solid
matter to remain in suspension in the water in the cylinder A'; hence Plate 3
shews a method of arranging the apparatus for marine purposes. The stones,
twigs, grates, steam, and water supply pipes are substantially the same as
before detailed; but in order that the steam may remain in the apparatus
and not rush immediately away to the condenser, a screw valve F¹. is pro-
vided, which regulates the opening between the space inside the cover D',
and a steam way F³, connecting down to the lower cylinder A¹, out of
which the exhaust steam passes to the condenser by a pipe O. The mass K
of horse dung (amonia) or charcoal is supported on twigs in a basin 1, 1,
somewhat similar to that before detailed, and is set on to a cylinder 4, the
space L² of which is filled with twigs; and the cylinder 4 rests on a grate 5,
through which the water passes into a space L³, whence it raises into the
space N¹ between the cylinder 4, and a second short intermediate cylinder 6,
filled with pebble stones, and thence said water has to pass down through the
space M', filled with pebble stones or similar substances, through the grating

page_text: or screen 8, intó a space O', giving the opportunity for any foreign substances
again to deposit, and the water passes up through the stones P¹, and is drawn.
off from the space Q by the pipe M to the pump.
What I desire to secure by Letters Patent is,
First, I claim separating impurities from_water_previous to the same being
-passed-into a boiler by the use of the required degree. of heat, causing the-
impurities in said-water to deposit on stones, twigs, or any suitable material
with. which said water is brought in contact, for the purposes specified.
Second, I claim the use of horse dung (ammonia), charcoal, or other suit-
able substance, which, combining with the soluble substances in the water,
renders them insoluble, so that they will deposit previous to being passed to
the boiler, substantially as specified..
Third, I claim the method of constructing and fitting the within-described
apparatus for the purpose, and substantially as specified.
In witness whereof, I; the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Seventh day of March, A.D. One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
W. S. HARRISON,
New Court,
St. Swithin's Lane, City.
GEO. T. BOUSFIELD.