AN IMPROVED ELECTRO-MAGNETIC MACHINE
Year: 1854

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sóren Hjorth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th October 1854.
I, SOREN HJORTH, of Copenhagen, do hereby declare the nature of my
Invention of "AN IMPROVED ELECTRO-MAGNETIC MACHINE" to be as follows,
reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, which represent the
general arrangement of electro-magnetic machines constructed according to
iny said Invention.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of the machine, with a reciprocating
motion; and Figure 2, a plan of the same, also shewing my improved magneto-
electric battery in connection therewith.
The above machine contains the following parts:-
1. Several hollow stationary electro-magnets n, conical inside, with double
poles, placed in opposite directions, in order to serve for double strokes, con-
nected and fastened by means of brass rings and screw bolts. This part of the
engine may be termed the cylinder.
2. A hollow electro-magnet O, put together in such a manner that its
single parts terminate into an iron ring p. This may be termed the piston, in
which the magnetism is collected. The motion of this compound electro-
magnet is guided by means of four brass rollers g and g¹, rolling on two brass
tram rails and r; the said rollers being isolated from their shafts, in order
to serve also as conductors in connection with the said rails.
3. A slides, resting and sliding on several metallic blocks, communicating

page_text: with the respective coils of the cylinder, for regulating the current round
the same.
4. A commutator t, for changing the direction of the current round the
piston at the end of each stroke.
The current produced by the battery passes through the conductor U round
the cylinder to the slides, and is regulated in such a manner that the poles
of the cylinder fronting the piston, supposing the same to move in a certain
direction, are charged in succession, so as to have dissimilar polarity, while the
other poles are charged so as to have similar polarity, to the piston, and so on
during a double stroke. In the electro-magnetic machine, shewn in the plan,
the current passes from the slide through the eccentric rod and eccentric v
to the commutator on the shaft, and the direction of the current round the
piston having been changed in such a way as to produce dissimilar polarities
between the piston and the fronting poles of the cylinder, it passes thence
through the brass rail r and the rollers g to a rod of copper w, applied on and
in contact with the said rollers, for conducting the current through the piston
to the coilings round the different parts of the one pole of the same. The
current having in this manner been conducted round the said pole of the
piston, passes thence through the conductors a to the coilings round the
different parts of the other pole, and through the same to the conducting rod
w; being in contact with the other two rollers g, rolling on the tram rail r¹,
and the latter communicating with the battery by means of the conductor y, a
complete circuit is thus produced between the battery and the engine. As
well the metallic blocks below the slide, as the insulated parts of the commu-
tator placed on both shafts of the engine and battery, are connected mutually
by means of very slender and long brass wires, in order to prevent the current
being broken, and the consequent destroying effect arising from such breaking
of the same.
It will be seen from the above arrangement, that as one part of the pistou
enters the cylinder, the other part of the same passes out of it, and induces
thereby a secondary current in the coiling round the cylinder flowing in the
same direction as the primary or battery current, adding thereby to the power
produced by the latter. While the length of stroke may be increased by
adding to the number of hollow electro-magnets, termed the cylinder, the
power may also be encreased by encreasing the diameter as well of the same
as that of the piston, the battery of course to be enlarged in proportion to the
encrease of quantity and intensity of electricity required. The battery shewn
in the accompanying Drawing in connection with the engine is my improved
magneto-electric battery, but other batteries may be employed.

page_text: Figure 8 represents an arrangement of my improved electro-magnetic
engine with a rotary motion; it consists of several hollow electro-magnets a,
placed inside a large ring of iron b,in such a manner that their poles radiate
towards the centre of the ring. On the poles of the said electro-magnets are
applied plates of wrought iron or false poles C, which are curved,so as to form
a circle concentric with the outer ring. On the shaft applied in the centre of
the engine are fixed two brass wheels d, in order to serve as carriages for
revolving keepers e. The perimeter of those keepers is shaped into several
seginents,corresponding to the curvature of the false poles of the said electro-
maguets. These segments are, as well as the said false poles, grooved in such
a manner as shewn in the section, that while the concentric part of the said
keepers roll on the top of the electro-magnets, the segments are attracted so
by the latter that the grooved parts of the first pass between the grooved parts
of the false poles of the latter, however, without the iron touching or coming
in contact with the same. A ring of brass Fis applied on the top of the false
poles of the magnets, in order to prevent the keepers from coming in contact
with the iron in the said poles, and part of one of the said brass rings is
formed into a circular rack, into which work corresponding teeth on the
circular edge of the keepers, with a view to regulate the motion of the
revolving keepers. The end of the wires forming the coiling of the electro-
magnets are at the one side of the engine connected to a large brass or copper
ring g,serving as conductor, while on the opposite side they are connected to
as many insulated blocks of copper has the number of electro-magnets, in
order that the electro-magnets may be charged in succession by degrees as the
revolving keepers roll along on the top of the false poles. Three conductors i
with slides are for this purpose fixed to a ring of copper applied round the
shaft, so as to move with the same, but insolated from the said shaft. The
said ring serves for conducting the electric fluid to the said conductors, com-
municating with the coiling of the electro-magnets by means of the said
blocks. Between the latter and in contact with the same are to be applied
long and slender wires, in order to prevent the current being broken. K is a
circular metallic spring, applied in order to keep the armatures towards the
false poles when not attracted by the same.