IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR AGITATING FREEZING MIXTURES FOR COOLING WINE AND OTHER LIQUORS OR LIQUIDS, AND FOR MANUFACTURING ICE AND ICE CREAM
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Whitford, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Manufacturer of Ice Safes and Freezing Machines, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR AGITATING
FREEZING MIXTURES FOR COOLING WINE AND OTHER LIQUORS OR LIQUIDS, AND
FOR MANUFACTURING ICE AND ICE CREAM."
Sealed the 13th January 1865, and dated the 21st July 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Whitford at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st July 1864.
I, JOHN WHITFORD, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Manu-
facturer of Ice Safes and Freezing Machines, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR:
AGITATING FREEZING MIXTURES FOR COOLING WINE AND OTHER LIQUORS OR LIQUIDS,
AND FOR MANUFACTURING ICE AND ICE CREAM," to be as follows:-
I place the freezing mixture in a wooden or earthenware vessel' of suitable
size and shape, and having at the top a framework of metal. At the bottom
of the vessel I fix a vertical pivot fitting a socket fixed to a skeleton case.
composed of a base or stand and a number of diagonal or spiral ribs or bars
connected at the top to an open rim. To the top of the skeleton case I.
attach a moveable cover, having at the top a shaft carrying a bevil- pinion:
which gears into a bevil wheel fixed to a shaft working in bearings in the
metal framework at the top of the vessel, and having at one end a baille

page_text: for giving revolving motion to the skeleton case, and enabling the diagonal
or spiral ribs to act as agitators, there being in the interior of the vessel a
number of projections acting as stationary agitators. On the stand in the
interior of the skeleton case I place a bottle, can, or other vessel containing
the liquid or matter to be cooled or frozen, and when revolving motion is
given to the skeleton case it agitates the mixture, throwing it violently
upwards and in contact with the stationary agitators, thereby causing it to be
thrown back on the bottle or can, so as to cool or freeze the contents.
I have only described the action of one skeleton case, but a large number
may be caused to revolve at the same time in one vessel containing the
freezing mixture, it being only necessary to adapt the gearing for the
purpose.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Whitford in the Great Seal Patent Office, on the
19th January 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
WHITFORD, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturer of Ice
Safes and Freezing Machines, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said John Whitford, Her special license that I; the said John
Whitford, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said John Whitford, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others; from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland; the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPATATUS FOR AGITATING FREEZING MIX-
TURES, FOR COOLING WINE AND OTHER LIQUORS OR LIQUIDS, AND FOR MANUFACTURING
ICE AND ICE CREAM," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John
Whitford, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent

page_text: .
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Whitford, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and-by the following
statement (that is to say) :-
I place the freezing mixture in a wooden on earthenware vessel of suitable
size and shape, and having at the top a framework of metal. At the bottom
of the said vessel I fix a vertical pivot fitting a socket or bearing fixed to or
formed in a skeleton frame composed of a base or stand and a number of
diagonal or spiral ribs or bars connected at the top to an open rim. To the
top of the skeleton frame I attach a moveable cover, having at the top a shaft
carrying a bevil wheel which gears into a bevil wheel fixed to a shaft.working
in bearings in the metal framework at the top of the vessel, and having at
one end a handle for giving revolving motion to the skeleton frame, and
enabling the diagonal or spiral ribs to act as agitators, there being in the
iuterior of the vessel a number of projections or vanes acting as stationary
agitators. In the interior of the skeleton frame I place a bottle, can, or other
vessel containing the liquid or matter to be cooled or frozen, and when
revolving motion is given to. the skeleton frame it agitates the freezing
mixture, throwing it. violently upwards and against: the stationary agitators,
thereby causing it to be thrown back on the bottle, can, or other vessel, so as
to cool or freeze the contents.
I have only described the action of one cooling or freezing machine, but as
many as desired may be worked from one driving. shaft turned either by hand
or power.
'
This Invention will be clearly understood by referring to the Figures
and letters on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a
vertical elevation with part in section of one of my improved single machines
for agitating freezing mixtures; Fig. 2, an elevation with part-in, section of
one of my double machines for the same purpose; Fig. 3, a plan of part of
the same; Fig. 4, an elevation; and Fig. 5, a plan of the skeleton.frame;
and Fig. 6, a section of a modification of some of the working parts, Figs. 1,
4, and 5 being drawn about half, and Figs. 2, 3, and 6 about one-quarter of
their real dimensions.
In Figs. 1 and 2 the freezing mixture is placed in the tub:or tubs a; to the
tops of which are fixed the frame or frames b, and at the bottom of each tub
is fixed a centre or pivot c, and in the inside are fixed two or more projections
or vanes d. On each pivot. c I place a cylindrical, skeleton frame e, Figs. 1,

page_text: 2, 4, and 5, composed of a base or stand at the bottom and an open rim at
the top, to both of which are fixed or cast a number of diagonal or spirál ribs
forming a screw or propeller working vertically. At the top of the skeleton
frame in Fig. 1 there is a cover g, having notches and projections fitting cor-
responding projections and notches in the rim of the skeleton frame, so that
the cover and frame can turn together, or the cover be removed when
required. At the top of the cover there is a shaft h, having an internal centre
fitting an external centre on the shaft i linked to the main shaft k working in
bearings in the frame b, and provided at one end with the handle l, and to
the shaft his fixed the bevil wheel m gearing into the bevil wheel n fixed to
the main shaft k. In the interior of the skeleton frame I pláce a bottle, can,
or other vessel containing the liquid or substance to be acted upon, and when
the handle is turned the bevil wheels cause the cover frame and contents to
revolve rapidly in the freezing mixture, and when the cooling or freezing has
taken place the shaft and bevil wheel is raised, as shewn by the dotted lines,
and another bottle or can placed in the skeleton frame."
In Fig. 2 the skeleton frame e has in its interior a white metal freezing
cylinder o, on which there is a cover p, having a gland r bushed with brass,
and in the cylinder is placed the water or other compound to be iced or
frozen. In the inside of the cylinder there is a stationary shafts, having
stationary vanes or agitators t, which shaft rests in an internal centre at the
bottom of the cylinder o, and passes upward through the cover p, and also
through the conical cover u of the skeleton frame. The top of the shaft s
is square, and fits a square hole in the pivot v, provided with a wing screw w
for the purpose of holding the shaft stationary whilst the frame and cylinder
are revolving round it. The wing screw locks and unlocks the machine so
that access can be obtained to the freezing cylinder without disturbing any
of the working parts except the covers p and u. To the two conical covers u,
which are firmly held to the skeleton frames, are fixed bevil' wheels x, gearing
into bevil wheels y fixed to the shaft z, to which is fixed the bevil wheel a'
gearing into the bevil wheel b', on the spindle of which is fixed the handle c'.
The tubs a are encircled by iron belts, to which are bolted the brackets or
framework, which can be arranged in any required manner.
The stationary vanes or agitators t, Fig. 2, are not required for converting
water into ice as the outside agitation is sufficient for that purpose, but they
are found to be useful in agitating dessert ices and iced puddings whilst con-
gelation is taking place.
In Fig. 6 I shew a mode of giving a revolving motion to the shafts and
agitators in one direction, whilst the skeleton frame e and cylinder o are

page_text: revolving in the opposite direction, thereby giving additional agitation to the
contents of the cylinder. The shaft is extended upwards, and has at the top
a bevil wheel d' gearing into the bevil wheel y; and it will be readily seen
that by the bevil wheel the skeleton frame and cylinder are turned in one
direction, and by the bevil wheel d' the shafts and agitators t are turned in a
contrary direction.
I have only described the action of one skeleton frame in each tub, but
a large number may be made to revolve at the same time in one tub or
vessel containing the freezing mixture, it being only necessary to adapt the
gearing for the purpose.
Having now described the nature and particulars of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire it to be under-
stood that I do not claim the bevil wheels shewn in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 6, as
they have been before used for giving revolving motion to agitators; but what
I claim is,
First, the skeleton frames with conical covers for holding the bottles, cans,
or vessels containing the liquid or other matter to be cooled or iced.
Secondly, the stationary projections or vanes in the interior of the tubs or
vessels for assisting the agitation of the freezing mixture.
And, thirdly, the revolving projections or vanes in the interior of the can
or vessel containing the substances to be cooled, as all such improvements are
herein described and illustrated in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Whitford, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named John Whitford, in
the presence of
JAS. G. WHITE,
21, Alfred Street,
Liverpool.
JOHN WHITFORD. (L.S.)