Improvements in Tanning Apparatus.
Year: 1885

page_text: This Specification was, upon the 12th day of July 1887, amended under
Sections 18 to 21 of the Patents, Designs, and Trade Marks Act, 1883.
[The Amendments are shown in erased and italic type.]
.Improvements in Tanning Apparatus.
We LENOX SIMPSON Patent Solicitor residing at 83 Diamond Street in the City
of Pittsburgh County of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania and JOHN DAVIS
Astronomer residing at 17 Stockton Avenue in the City of Allegheny County of
Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania all in the United States of America do hereby
declare the nature of our invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN TANNING APPARATUS,'
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
32
The object of our invention is to tan hides in a short space of time and with
but little manual labor and it consists in a certain process of and apparatus for
tanning such hides as hereinafter fully described and shown in the accompanying
drawings in which :-
Fig. 1, is an elevation of one form of our improved tanning apparatus and
Fig. 1 is a detail view thereof.
Fig. 2, is a section of a modified form of tanning cylinder.
Fig. 3 is a transverse sectional view thereof.
Fig. 4, is an isometric view of the supporting frame for the hides.
Fig. 5, is a sectional view of a modified arrangement of the hide frame within
the cylinder.
Fig. 6, is a transverse section of the cylinder and
Fig. 7, is a detail view of one pair of the carrying wheels of the hide frame.
A, is a cylindrical vat preferably from nine to twelve feet long and from six to
ten feet in diameter in which the hides may be stretched and secured as in Fig. 1
or supported from a frame, L, Figs. 4 and 6. As shown in Fig. 4, the frame has
flanged carrying and guide wheels, , adapted to run along guide rails, a², a²,
secured to the inner periphery of the vat. By means of this construction the
frame, L, may be readily run in and out of the vat from and onto a track k', laid
upon the platform of a truck, K, running on rails k. By means of this construc-
tion the hides may be hung in the frame in the building in which they are
prepared and the frame then run to the tanning cylinder.
By the present method the operator must enter the cylinder through a man
hole and have the hides handed to him one by one. He must furthermore hang
his hides while in partial darkness. By our method it will be seen that economy
n time and labor is gained. We do not wish however to confine ourselves to the

page_text: use of the hide frame, truck etc, as the hides may be hung directly within the
cylinder the open head allowing free ingress and egress to the operator and affording
space for the entrance of light. A further advantage over the use of a man hole
in the side of the vat consists in the fact that all that portion of the vat over
which the hole extends is necessarily left unoccupied while with our open-head the
whole space within the cylinder is utilized.
By the arrangement of four flanged wheels on the carriage and two sets of
rails a, a, in the vat the frame when run in will be securely held in position when
the cylinder is rotated.
Instead of this arrangement the frame may be mounted on four wheels secured
to crank axles, 12, Fig. 7, connected by a rod. By means of a lever M, Fig. 6, the
wheels may be raised or lowered. In its ends the frame is provided with sockets
one of which is squared and the other conical and when run into the cylinder on
the rails 1, Figs. 5 and 6, said sockets will be in a position to receive the conical
and squared end of the pipes or trunnions, B and B of the vat. In this manner
when the frame is run into the cylinder one of the sockets will have fitted itself
on the pipe or trunnion, B, two bolts or nuts being then placed under the end of
the frame and the wheels thereof are raised from off the rails 1. When the head
of the vat is secured in place the squared end of the pipe or trunnion, B', will
enter the correspondingly shaped socket in the frame which will now be suspended
from the trunnions, the bolts or nuts being removed said frame will be free to
rotate with trunnion or pipe, B¹, the vat in this instance being stationary on a
suitable foundation a*, Fig. 5.
The hollowed pipes or trunnions, B, B' Fig. 1, are firmly secured to the head of
the cylindrical vat A, and rest in suitable bearings, b, carried by the frame-work, a.
Through these trunnions pass pipes, D D¹, that connect the vats with reservoirs E,
and H said pipes being made of a metal indifferent to the action of tannic acid
such as an alloy of copper and tin. The pipes, D D¹ are surrounded by a packing, C,
a ring, c, and screw caps, c', to prevent the acid from gaining access to the
trunnions, B, B1, and also to form a fluid tight joint.
F, is an air pipe provided with a cock, f, and connected with the pipe, D, and
the cock, d, of which is arranged between the air pipe and the reservoir. Within
the vat a short distance in front of pipe, D, a guard G is secured to the vat head
by means of alloy bolts, g, and interposed washer's, to prevent the tannic acid from
flowing through the pipe directly against the first hides.
The guard causes the liquor to flow to the bottom of the vat from whence it is
distributed by the vats revolution. The pipe, D', connects the vat with an air-
tight reservoir, H, provided with a level indicator, h to indicate the level of the
acid in the vat. A pipe i, connects the reservoir with the air pump, I, by means
of which the air may be exhausted from the vat, K, indicates the leaching vats
which are constructed with perforated false bottoms being connected. A pipe, k,
connects the reservoir, H, with the upper chambers of the leaching vats and is
provided with a cock, k¹. L', is a pump by means of which the tannic liquor_held
in the lower chambers of the leaching vats may be forced into the reservoir E, in
which is arranged a steam coil for heating the fluid therein.
The tanning vat is revolved by means of a belt passing from a pulley around the
body of the vat or as hereinafter described.
The method of working the apparatus and the process of tanning is as
follows:
The hides are secured within the tanning vat and stretched tightly from side to
side of same. Sufficient space is left between any two of the hides to allow for a
free circulation of the tannic acid when the vat is revolved.
Tan bark sufficient to supply tannic acid for the completion of the process is
placed in the upper chambers of the leaching vats and water is poured upon the
top of the bark and allowed to percolate through to the lower chamber. The
pump, L', is then operated and the tannic liquor is pumped into reservoir, E. This
liquor should be pumped up from the leaching vats (or at the beginning of the

page_text: The
operation) when it contains about 2 per cent of tannic acid. In the reservoir, E
(if required) the liquor is warmed by the steam coil and passes thence through the
hollow trunnion, B, into the vat. When the latter has been about half filled it is
revolved and the hides are thus alternately exposed to the action of the tannic acid
and the air. After this has been continued for a time, the cocks, d and f, are closed
and the air within the vat is exhausted by means of pump, I. The vat still revolving
alternately exposes the hides to the action of the tannic acid and the vacuuni.
latter causes the pores of the hides to open and allows the escape of the exhausted
liquor. At each immersion of the hides the pores are filled with the acid and upon
rising from the liquor, the pores are opened, and egress allowed to the liquor.
After this operation has continued for some time the cocks, df, are opened, and
the air pump worked whereby a constant current of fresh air is forced through the
vat. These operations of alternately subjecting the hides to the action of the
liquor and. the air and to the action of the liquor and a vacuum, are continued at
intervals of about an hour each, for a specified period (say 12 hours). The vat is
then entirely filled with liquor and either revolved or allowed to remain at rest,
at the discretion of the operator for several hours, and the foregoing process
repeated over and over again until the tanning is completed. At intervals fresh
liquor is pumped into the reservoir, E, and fed into the vat, the exhausted liquor
passing out through trunnion, B¹, into reservoir, H, and thence into the leaching
vats. The constant passage of liquor through the tan-bark gradually increases its
strength until finally it contains from 20 to 30 per cent of the acid. The operation
should be so conducted that this degree of strength will be reached shortly before
the completion of the tanning which with calf-skins will be from 6 to 7 days.
Referring to Fig. 2, the vat or cylinder, A, is provided with iron bands, a¹a,
those a, being angle irons and serve the double function of strengthening the
cylinder, and preventing endwise movement on the friction wheels, B. There are
preferably 6 of these wheels, B, three on each side of the vat cylinder, each triplet
being carried by a shafi, b, mounted in suitable bearings. One of the shafts, b,
carries a worm wheel, b, with which gears a worm, by means of which the
shaft, b, its wheels and the cylinder åre revolved. To the heads of the cylinder are
secured tubular necks, CC, provided with stuffing boxes, ce¹. Through said necks
run fixed copper or alloy discharge and feed pipes, D D', connected with flexible
pipes, d d thereby to allow play to the discharge and feed pipes in case there be
any irregularity in the surface of the cylinder or tracks. The pipe, d is attached
to a pipe, E, provided with a cock e, some distance below the central line of the
cylinder and is connected with the leaching vat above referred to. F is the exhaust
pipe one of whose extremities extends near the top of the inside of the vat and the
other is connected with the air pump, said pipe, F, being provided with a level
indicator, to indicate the level of the liquor in the vat when more than half full
and with a vacuum gage, f¹, to indicate the pressure within the cylinder when the
air is being exhausted by the air pump.
The pipe, d, is psovided with a cock d², and is connected with a supply tank, G.
An air pipe, ³, provided with a cock d, is connected with pipe, D', to again supply
air to the cylinder after it has been exhausted therefrom. By this construction it
will be seen, first that when the cocks, d, e, are open the liquor contained in the supply
tank will flow through pipes, d¹ D¹, cylinder, A, pipes, D, d, and E and thence to the
leaching vat. Second. That when the cock, d, is open and cock e, closed the
cylinder may be more or less filled with liquor and the level thereof ascertained by
indicator Third. That when the cylinder is not quite filled with liquor and both
cocks closed the air may be practically exhausted from the cylinder and Fourth.
That all this may be done while the cylinder is continuously revolving.
Instead of stretching the hides within the cylinder and entering the same
through a man-hole as in Fig. 1, the hides are hung on a frame, L, as above set
forth which is run into the cylinder, the head, A², thereof being to that end made
removable as follows:--Around the end of the cylinder we secure an angular
annulus, a³ provided with bolt holes. The head A2, of somewhat greater diameter

page_text: than the cylinder has corresponding bolt holes, a tight joint being formed by a
suitable packing ring or gasket, a', the two being bolted together. On arm, H,
pivoted to a cross beam, h, embraces the neck C and a rope, I, is attached to
cylinder head, A2, and passes over a pulley secured to the frame work upon which
the supply tank rests.
By this means the head when unbolted may be swung open. By the substitution
for the receiving tank ordinarily used and as shown in Fig. 1 of the pipes, E F,
their cock and gages the apparatus is simplified and considerable space and expense
is saved. In this construction the liquor flows from the supply tank to the
cylinder, which is slowly revolved as described. After it has become half full the
For
waste passes out through the pipe D, d, E, and back into the leaching vat.
purposes hereinafterbefore set forth, at intervals both cocks, d, e, are closed and the air
exhausted from the cylinder, or the cock e, is closed and the tank completely filled
with liquor and allowed to remain at rest. This last step may however be
dispensed with if deemed desirable. Referring to Fig. 5, the cylinder is as above
set forth stationary, the hide frame being revolved through the medium of pipe or
trunnion, B, which carries the driving pulley, b. In the construction shown in
said Fig. 5 the liquor may be conducted from the cylinder in either of two ways, to
wit 1 The shaft, B, may be hollow its inner extremity closed and provided with
radial orifices, 61, and its outer extremity connected by a suitable joint with the
connected
discharge pipe, -d; E, and exhaust pipe I, which in this construction
directly with the discharge pipe -d- E, at a point below the center of the cylinder
said pipe, d, being non-flexible or the shaft, B, may be solid and the discharge
pipe may be directly connected with the cylinder.
The liquor is fed to the cylinder by pipe or trunnion, B', provided with
peripheral orifices in all other respects the construction of the cylinder and its
connections are like those described in reference to Fig. 2, and the process of tanning
is the same as hercinabove set forth.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner, the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is:-
1. In an apparatus for tanning hides the combination of the hollow recessed
trunnion, B, the pipe, D, the pucking C, ring c, and cap, c', onbstantially us and for
the purpose-described.
1. The combination of the revolving vat A, the reservoir, E, pipe provided with
cock d, reservoir, H, pipe D', leaching vats, K, connecting pipe k, having cock k¹,
and pump L, all substantially as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 1ª of the drawings.
3. 2. The combination with the removable head, A2, provided with neck, C, of the
hinged arm, H, loosely embracing said neck substantially as described whereby the
head may be swung out for the purpose set forth.
4. 3. The combination with head, A2, and pipe, D¹, of the flexible pipe, d¹,
whereby the head may be swung outward without affecting the connection as set
forth.
4. The combination with the cylinder, A, and wheels, B, of the angled hoops, a,
whereby the cylinder is at the same time strengthened and prevented from
longitudinal displacement as set forth with reference to Fig. 2.
6. 5. The combination of the pipe, E, having cock situated beneath the median
line of the cylinder, and the exhaust pipe, F, connected with pipe, E, below said
median line as and for the purpose set forth with reference to Figs. 2, and 5.
6. The combination with the pipe, E, having cock e, situated beneath the median
line of the cylinder of the pipe, F, connected with pipe, E, below said median line
and provided with a fluid gage, substantially as and for the purpose described in
reference to Figs. 2, and 5.
8. 7. The combination of the pipe, E, having cock e, situated beneath the median
line of the cylinder of the pipe, F, provided with an exhaust gage substantially as
described in reference to Figs. 2 and 5.

page_text: 9. 8. The combination of the cylinder, A, provided with tracks, a³, and the hide-
frame, L, provided, with upper and lower wheels adapted to roll upon said tracks
and secure the frame while the cylinder is revolved substantially as described with
reference to Fig. 2.
10. 9. In tanning vats, the combination with a supply vat, G, and a vat having
hollow neck, C, of the fixed pipe, D', and flexible pipe, d', as and for the purpose
specified with reference to Fig. 2.
11. 10. An exhaust tanning vat provided with a removable hide frame having the
crank, 2, carrying wheels, -,, ¹,, as set forth.
12. 11. The combination with vat, A, and hide frame, L, of the revolving pipe, B,
provided with lateral orifices 6', and having squared inner end as set forth.
13. 12. The combination with vat, A, and hide frame, L, of the revolving pipe, B,
having squared inner extremity and the removable pipe, B¹, having conical inner
extremity all as set forth with reference to Figs. 5 to 7.

page_text: We LENOX SIMPSON Patent Solicitor residing at 83 Diamond Street in the City
of Pittsburgh County of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania and JOHN DAVIS
Astronomer residing at 17 Stockton Avenue in the City of Allegheny County of
Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania all in the United States of America do hereby
declare the nature of our invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN "TANNING APPARATUS,"
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of our invention is to tan hides in a short space of time and with
but little manual labor and it consists in a certain process of and apparatus for
tanning such hides as hereinafter fully described and shown in the accompanying
drawings in which :-
Fig. 1, is an elevation of one form of our improved tanning apparatus and
Fig. 1 is a detail view thereof.
Fig. 2, is a section of a modified form of tanning cylinder.
Fig. 3 is a transverse sectional view thereof.
Fig. 4, is an isometric view of the supporting frame for the hides.
Fig. 5, is a sectional view of a modified arrangement of the hide frame within
the cylinder.
Fig. 6, is a transverse section of the cylinder and
Fig. 7, is a detail view of one pair of the carrying wheels of the hide frame.
A, is a cylindrical vat preferably from nine to twelve feet long and from six to
ten feet in diameter in which the hides may be stretched and secured as in Fig. 1
or supported from a frame, L, Figs. 4 and 6. As shown in Fig. 4, the frame has
flanged carrying, and guide wheels, i, adapted to run along guide rails, a', a²,
secured to the inner periphery of the vat. By means of this construction the
frame, L, may be readily run in and out of the vat from and onto a track ¹, laid
upon the platform of a truck, K, running on rails k. By means of this construc-
tion the hides may be hung in the frame in the building in which they are
prepared and the frame then run to the tanning cylinder.
By the present method the operator must enter the cylinder through a man
hole and have the hides handed to him one by one. He must furthermore hang
his hides while in partial darkness. By our method it will be seen that economy
in time and labor is gained. We do not wish however to confine ourselves to the

page_text: use of the hide frame, truck etc, as the hides may be hung directly within the
cylinder the open head allowing free ingress and egress to the operator and affording
space for the entrance of light. A further advantage over the use of a man hole
in the side of the vat consists in the fact that all that portion of the vat over
which the hole extends is necessarily left unoccupied while with our open-head the
whole space within the cylinder is utilized.
By the arrangement of four flanged wheels on the carriage and two sets of
rails a, a, in the vat the frame when run in will be securely held in position when
the cylinder is rotated.
Instead of this arrangement the frame may be mounted on four wheels secured
to crank axles, 12, Fig. 7, connected by a rod. By means of a lever M, Fig. 6, the
wheels may be raised or lowered. In its ends the frame is provided with sockets
one of which is squared and the other conical and when run into the cylinder on
the rails, Figs. 5 and 6, said sockets will be in a position to receive the conical
In this manner
and squared end of the pipes or trunnions, B and B¹ of the vat.
when the frame is run into the cylinder one of the sockets will have fitted itself.
on the pipe or trunnion, B, two bolts or nuts being then placed under the end of
the frame and the wheels thereof are raised from off the rails . When the head
of the vat is secured in place the squared end of the pipe or trunnion, B₁, will
enter the correspondingly shaped socket in the frame which will now be suspended
from the trunnions, the bolts or nuts being removed said frame will be free to
rotate with trunnion or pipe, B₁, the vat in this instance being stationary on a
suitable foundation a*, Fig. 5.
The hollowed pipes or trunnions, B, B¹ Fig. 1, are firmly secured to the head of
the cylindrical vat A, and rest in suitable bearings, b, carried by the frame-work, a.
Through these trunnions pass pipes, D D¹, that connect the vats with reservoirs E,
and H said pipes being made of a metal indifferent to the action of tannic acid
such as an alloy of copper and tin. The pipes, D D¹ are surrounded by a packing, C,
a ring, c, and screw caps, cl, to prevent the acid from gaining access to the
trunnions, B, B1, and also to form a fluid tight joint.
F, is an air pipe provided with a cock, f, and connected with the pipe, D, and
the cock, d, of which is arranged between the air pipe and the reservoir. Within
the vat a short distance in front of pipe, D, a guard G is secured to the vat head
by means of alloy bolts, g, and interposed washer's, to prevent the tannic acid from
flowing through the pipe directly against the first hides.
The guard causes the liquor to flow to the bottom of the vat from whence it is
distributed by the vats revolution. The pipe, D', connects the vat with an air-
tight reservoir, H, provided with a level indicator, h to indicate the level of the
acid in the vat. A pipe, connects the reservoir with the air pump, I, by means
of which the air may be exhausted from the vat, K, indicates the leaching vats
which are constructed with perforated false bottoms being connected. A pipe, k,
connects the reservoir, H, with the upper chambers of the leaching vats and is
provided with a cock, ¹. L, is a pump by means of which the tannic liquor held
in the lower chambers of the leaching vats may be forced into the reservoir E, in
which is arranged a steam coil for heating the fluid therein.
The tanning vat is revolved by means of a belt passing from a pulley around the
body of the vat or as hereinafter described.
The method of working the apparatus and the process of tanning is as
follows:-
The hides are secured within the tanning vat and stretched tightly from side to
side of same.
Sufficient space is left between any two of the hides to allow for a
free circulation of the tannic acid when the vat is revolved.
Tan bark sufficient to supply tannic acid for the completion of the process is
placed in the upper chambers of the leaching vats and water is poured upon the
top of the bark and allowed to percolate through to the lower chamber. The
pump, L, is then operated and the tannic liquor is pumped into reservoir, E. This
liquor should be pumped up from the leaching vats (or at the beginning of the

page_text: The
operation) when it contains about 2 per cent of tannic acid. In the reservoir, E
(if required) the liquor is warmed by the steam coil and passes thence through the
hollow trunnion, B, into the vat. When the latter has been about half filled it is
revolved and the hides are thus alternately exposed to the action of the tannic acid
and the air. After this has been continued for a time, the cocks, d and f, are closed
and the air within the vat is exhausted by means of pump, L The vat still revolving
alternately exposes the hides to the action of the tannic acid and the vacuum.
latter causes the pores of the hides to open and allows the escape of the exhausted
liquor. At each immersion of the hides the pores are filled with the acid and upon
rising from the liquor, the pores are opened, and egress allowed to the liquor.
After this operation has continued for some time the cocks, d f, are opened, and
the air pump worked whereby a constant current of fresh air is forced through the
vat. These operations of alternately subjecting the hides to the action of the
liquor and the air and to the action of the liquor and a vacuum, are continued at
intervals of about an hour each, for a specified period (say 12 hours). The vat is
then entirely filled with liquor and either revolved or allowed to remain at rest,
at the discretion of the operator for several hours, and the foregoing process
repeated over and over again until the tanning is completed. At intervals fresh
liquor is pumped into the reservoir, E, and fed into the vat, the exhausted liquor
passing out through trunnion, B¹, into reservoir, H, and thence into the leaching
vats. The constant passage of liquor through the tan-bark gradually increases its
strength until finally it contains from 20 to 30 per cent of the acid. The operation
should be so conducted that this degree of strength will be reached shortly before
the completion of the tanning which with calf-skins will be from 6 to 7 days.
Referring to Fig. 2, the vat or cylinder, A, is provided with iron bands, a¹ a,
those a, being angle irons and serve the double function of strengthening the
cylinder, and preventing endwise movement on the friction wheels, B. There are
preferably 6 of these wheels, B, three on each side of the vat cylinder, each triplet
being carried by a shaft, b, mounted in suitable bearings. One of the shafts, b,
carries a worm wheel, b¹, with which gears a worm b³, by means of which the
shaft, b, its wheels and the cylinder are revolved. To the heads of the cylinder are
secured tubular necks, C C¹, provided with stuffing boxes, c c¹. Through said necks
run fixed copper or alloy discharge and feed pipes, D D', connected with flexible
pipes, & d¹ thereby to allow play to the discharge and feed pipes in case there be
any irregularity in the surface of the cylinder or tracks. The pipe, d is attached
to a pipe, E, provided with a cock e, some distance below the central line of the
cylinder and is connected with the leaching vat above referred to. F is the exhaust
pipe one of whose extremities extends near the top of the inside of the vat and the
other is connected with the air pump, said pipe, F, being provided with a level
indicator f, to indicate the level of the liquor in the vat when more than half full
and with a vacuum gage, f1, to indicate the pressure within the cylinder when the
air is being exhausted by the air pump.
The pipe, d', is provided with a cock d³, and is connected with a supply tank, G.
An air pipe, d, provided with a cock d*, is connected with pipe, D¹, to again supply
air to the cylinder after it has been exhausted therefrom. By this construction it
will be seen, first that when the cocks, d, e, are open the liquor contained in the supply
tank will flow through pipes, d¹ D¹, cylinder, A, pipes, D, d, and E and thence to the
leaching vat. Second. That when the cock, d², is open and cock e, closed the.
cylinder may be more or less filled with liquor and the level thereof ascertained by
indicatorf. Third. That when the cylinder is not quite filled with liquor and both
cocks closed the air may be practically exhausted from the cylinder and Fourth.
That all this may be done while the cylinder is continuously revolving.
Instead of stretching the hides within the cylinder and entering the same
through a man-hole as in Fig 1, the hides are hung on a frame, L, as above set
forth which is run into the cylinder, the head, A', thereof being to that end made
removable as follows:-Around the end of the cylinder we secure an angular
annulus, a provided with bolt holes. The head A³, of somewhat greater diameter

page_text: than the cylinder has corresponding bolt holes, a tight joint being formed by a
suitable packing ring or gasket, a, the two being bolted together. On arm, H,
pivoted to a cross beam, h, embraces the neck C¹ and a rope, I, is attached to
cylinder head, A³, and passes over a pulley secured to the frame work upon which
the supply tank rests.
ร
For
By this means the head when unbolted may be swung open. By the substitution
for the receiving tank ordinarily used and as shown in Fig. 1 of the pipes, E F,
their cock and gages the apparatus is simplified and considerable space and expense
is saved. In this construction the liquor flows from the supply tank to the
cylinder, which is slowly revolved as described. After it has become half full the
waste passes out through the pipe D, d, E, and back into the leaching vat.
purposes hereinafter set forth, at intervals both cocks, d, e, are closed and the air
exhausted from the cylinder, or the cock e, is closed and the tank completely filled
with liquor and allowed to remain at rest. This last step may however be
dispensed with if deemed desirable. Referring to Fig. 5, the cylinder is as above
set forth stationary, the hide frame being revolved through the medium of pipe or
trunnion, B, which carries the driving pulley, b. In the construction shown in
said Fig. 5 the liquor may be conducted from the cylinder in either of two ways, to
wit 1st The shaft, B, may be hollow its inner extremity closed and provided with
radial orifices, 61, and its outer extremity connected by a suitable joint with the
discharge pipe, d, E, and exhaust pipe F, which in this construction is connected
directly with the discharge pipe E, at a point below the center of the cylinder
said pipe, d, being non-flexible or the shaft, B, may be solid and the discharge
pipe may be directly connected with the cylinder.
The liquor is fed to the cylinder by pipe or trunnion, B¹, provided with
peripheral orifices in all other respects the construction of the cylinder and its
connections are like those described in reference to Fig. 2, and the process of tanning
is the same as hereinabove set forth.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is
1. In an apparatus for tanning bides the combination of the hollow recessed
trunnion, B, the pipe, D, the packing C, ring c, and cap, c', substantially as and for
the purpose described.
2. The combination of the revolving vat, A, the reservoir, E, pipe provided with
cock d, reservoir, H, pipe D¹, leaching vats, K, connecting pipe k, having cock k²,
and pump L, all substantially as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 1ª of the drawings.
3. The combination with the removable head, A³, provided with neck, C¹, of the
hinged arm, H, loosely embracing said neck substantially as described whereby the
head may be swung out for the purpose set forth.
4. The combination with head, A³, and pipe, D¹, of the flexible pipe, d¹,
whereby the head may be swung outward without affecting the connection as set
forth.
5. The combination with the cylinder, A, and wheels, B, of the angled hoops, a,
whereby the cylinder is at the same time strengthened and prevented from
longitudinal displacement as set forth with reference to Fig. 2.
6. The combination of the pipe, E, having cock e, situated beneath the median
line of the cylinder, and the exhaust pipe, F, connected with pipe, E, below said
median line as and for the purpose set forth with reference to Figs. 2, and 5.
7. The combination with the pipe, E, having cock e, situated beneath the median
line of the cylinder of the pipe, F, connected with pipe, E, below said median line
and provided with a fluid gage, substantially as and for the purpose described in
reference to Figs. 2, and 5.
8. The combination of the pipe, E, having cock e, situated beneath the median
line of the cylinder of the pipe, F, provided with an exhaust gage substantially as
described in reference to Figs. 2 and 5.

page_text: 9. The combination of the cylinder, A, provided with tracks, a, and the bide-
frame, L, provided, with upper and lower wheels adapted to roll upon said tracks
and secure the frame while the cylinder is revolved substantially as described with
reference to Fig. 2.
10. In tanning vats, the combination with a supply vat, G, and a vat having
hollow neck, C₁, of the fixed pipe, D', and flexible pipe, d', as and for the purpose
specified with reference to Fig. 2.
11. An exhaust tanning vat provided with a removable hide frame having the
crank, l, carrying wheels, 1, 11, as set forth.
12. The combination with vat, A, and hide frame, L, of the revolving pipe, B,
provided with lateral orifices 61, and having squared inner end as set forth.
13. The combination with vat, A, and hide frame, L, of the revolving pipe; B,
having squared inner extremity and the removable pipe, B', having conical inner
extremity all as set forth with reference to Figs. 5 to 7.