IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPARATUS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MOULD CANDLES
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Isaac Austen, of Trinity Place,
Wandsworth Road, in the County of Surrey, Engineer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPARATUS USED IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF MOULD CANDLES."
Sealed the 15th September 1858, and dated the 22nd July 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Isaac
Austen at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 22nd July 1853.
I, ALEXANDER ISAAC AUSTEN, of Trinity Place, Wandsworth Road,
in the County of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPARATUS USED IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF MOULD CANDLES" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of improvements in the moulds used for the
manufacture of candles heretofore; such moulds have for the most
part been made of metal; in some cases, however, glass has been
employed, but they are liable to injury by being fractured. Now my
Invention consists of combining glass with metal in such manner that

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Alexander Isaac Austen in the Great Seal Patent
Office, on the 21st January 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
ALEXANDER ISAAC AUSTEN, of Trinity Place, Wandsworth Road, in the
County of Surrey, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the seven-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Alexander Isaac Austen, Her special
licence that I, the said Alexander Isaac Austen, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Alexander Isaac
Austen, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPARATUS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MOULD
CANDLES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Alex-
ander Isaac Austen, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alexander Isaac Austen, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof (that is to say):

page_text: This Invention consists of improvements in the moulds used for the
manufacture of candles; heretofore such moulds have for the most
part been made of metal; in some cases, however, glass has been
employed, but they are liable to injury by being fractured. Now my
Invention consists of combining glass with metal in such manner that
the glass shall form the interior or lining of a mould, and for this
purpose I run the melted metal on to the glass when the same is in a
suitable mould.
"Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I. will proceed
to describe the manner of performing the same. I would, however, at
the outset state that it is not new to use candle moulds made of glass,
nor is it new generally to coat the same. My Invention, as before
stated, consists of casting metal coating on to glass candle moulds.
For this purpose, the glass mould having been made, I proceed as
follows:-
The open ends of a glass tube, suitably shaped for a candle mould, is
plugged up with a cork or piece of wood, through the centre of which,
and through the small hole at the tip, is passed a wire, which projects
at the two ends, and serves to keep the glass candle mould exactly in the
centre of a mould of brass or other suitable metal or material, and also
to preserve through the metal casting the small hole required at the
tip for the insertion of the candle wick. This brass mould is formed in
two halves, which are held together by screws after the glass tube has
been adjusted within it. At the end corresponding to the open end of
the glass tube a screwed thread may be cut in the inside of the brass
mould, so that the metal casting when withdrawn may have a screw
ready formed to fix the compound mould in its frame. The brass
mould, which should be smoked on its interior surfaces, with its con-
tained glass tube is to be heated carefully, so as to lessen the risk of
fracture otherwise consequent on the sudden contact of hot metal with
glass in the cold state, and the melted metal to form the casing is
then poured in through a git or hole with the usual precautions to
prevent the entrace of dross, to ensure freedom from air bubbles,
and to guard against faults from shrinkage. The metal for this casing
may be lead, tin, pewter, or other easily fusible metal or compound of

page_text: metals; I, however, prefer a mixture of lead and tin for the purpose in
the portion of three parts of lead and two parts of tin. The compound
candle moulds thus formed, after removal of the wire and cork and
trimming up the surface, may be fixed in the well-known frames by
means of the screw around the open end of the casing or otherwise,
and such moulds may be wicked and used in the ordinary manner for
making therein mould candles.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner
of performing the same, I would have it understood that what I claim
is, the forming of metal casings on glass candle moulds by casting
metal thereon.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Isaac Austen, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of
January, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-four.
Witness,
ROB. B. THOMSON,
Belmont, Vauxhall,
Surrey.
ALEX I. AUSTEN. (L.S.)