matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CHAIRS
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Samuel Rush, of Brockley Terrace, New
Cross, in the County of Kent, Telegraph Clerk, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CHAIRS."
Sealed the 1st February 1870, and dated the 9th December 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Samuel Rush
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 9th December 1869.
I, HENRY SAMUEL RUSH, of Brockley Terrace, New Cross, in the
County of Kent, Telegraph Clerk, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CHAIRS," to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in railway chairs, and
relates to the application of means whereby whilst the key may be
readily driven into position it is prevented from accidentally falling out
of the chair. For this purpose I form on that surface of the chair

page_text: against which the key bears a number of teeth of any suitable shape,
but that which I prefer to employ is similar in form to the teeth of a
wood rasp.
In carrying out my Invention I first anneal such chairs, and then by
means of a suitable tool I strike up a number of teeth on the part 5
before mentioned, or I form the serrations or teeth thereon by casting
as will be well understood.
HOP-SCOTCH CLOTHS OR BOARDS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Greenfield at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
February 1869.
I, JOHN GREENFIELD, of 1, Down Villa, Park Road, New Wands.
worth, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "HOP-SCOTCH CLOTHS OR BOARDS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to provide means in a portable manner
or otherwise in the form of boards, cloths, inlaying, &c., for the purpose
of playing indoor or outdoor hop-scotch or Scotch hoppers, a healthful,
amusing, and recreative exercise or game for families, nurseries,
hospitals, schools, recreative grounds, &c.
The manner in which I propose to effect this object is by applying
a pattern of lines to any suitable substances (especially floor and oil
cloths) by either painting, inlaying, embossing, engraving, printing, or
weaving them, &c. as may be found most suitable to the substance to
to which it may be applied and to make them of any suitable length to
suit various requirements, and in an oblong or rectangular form. The
pattern to be thus applied is composed of oblongs, or rectangles,
squares, triangles, semicircles, circles, or parts thereof to be arranged
one after the other, or as may be required. The space within these

page_text: rectangles, squares, triangles, semicircles, &c. may be left plain or
ornamented according to the fancy of the manufacturer; also to be
made with or without a suitable plain or ornamental border. Within
these oblongs, rectangles, squares, triangles, semicircles, &c. are placed
a number, figure, mark, character, or sign, either enclosed within a ring
or border or not, according to taste, or thought most suitable.
When made of a portable substance holes are made round the outside
or border to fasten it down securely.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Outram at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
December 1869.
I, JAMES OUTRAM, of Sevenoaks, in the County of Kent, Bootmaker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN STEAM MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This improved motive-power engine consists of a wheel furnished on:
its. periphery with vanes, and mounted to revolve in a case, to which are
adapted steam pipes for the supply and discharge of steam. These pipes.
are provided with suitable valves for cutting off or regulating the flow.
of the steam, and in the steam passages are placed deflecting blocks,..
which direct the current of steam to the upper or lower part of the
wheel. The vanes of the wheel are made to fit one part of the inside of
the case, but at the greater portion of the case there is a space beyond.
over which the steam may pass until it comes to the vanes which fit the
case, when its full power will be exerted to force round the vane wheel..

page_text: In order to reverse the action of the engine a double valve is employed,
which while opening one passage will close the other, so that by means
of this valve the steam may be made to act on the upper or lower part
of the vane wheel, which may therefore be driven in either direction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASES OR HOLDERS FOR FUSEES, COMMONLY KNOWN AS VESUVIANS AND OTHER LIGHTS, AND IN FUSEES OR PELLETS TO BE USED THEREWITH
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Cane at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
April 1869.
I, JOHN CANE, of Kew, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CASES OR HOLDERS
FOR FUSEES, COMMONLY KNOWN AS VESUVIANS AND OTHER LIGHTS, AND IN FUSEES
OR PELLETS TO BE USED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
My improvements in cases or holders consist of a tube made by pre-
ference of metal, in the interior of which there is a bed or cup free to
slide therein, motion being imparted thereto by a stud attached to a pin
connected to the cup free to travel in a slot in the case. Fusees or
pellets made as hereafter described are placed in the tube, the lower of
which rests on the sliding bed or cup. One end of the tube is provided
with an aperture somewhat smaller than the size of the pellets to hold
and to prevent them from leaving or falling out of the tube. When the
holder is not in use a cap is placed over the end of the tube to prevent
the top fusee becoming ignited; this cap may be roughened, or the
other end of the tube carries a roughened or serrated cap or piece for
convenience of igniting the fusee. To light a fusee from the holder the

page_text: cap is removed and a pellet is pushed forward by the button attached
to the cup or bed, the fusee being struck, ignited, and burnt the ashes
fall away and a fresh pellet is exposed. To fill the case the cap is
removed and the pellets dropped in, care being taken that the igniting
end is uppermost.
The improvements in pellets consist in forming or making them with
wads of some non-conducting material, such as glass, pasteboard, or
wadding at the base of the composition, which is by preference similar to
that of which the ordinary Vesuvians are made with a fulminating
material at one end; these pellets fit loosely in the tube of the holder,
and lie or rest one on the other in the tube; the wads or protectors are
gummed or otherwise attached thereto, whereby one pellet is prevented
from coming into contact with the other and ignition prevented.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Hall at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th September
1869.
I, PETER HALL, of Birkenhead, in the County of Chester, Mechanical
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING MOTIVE POWER," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to apparatus to be employed in combination with
ropes, bands, chains, or other flexible agents, and has for its object the
enabling mechanicians and others to give continuous motion to travelling
and frequently moved machines and apparatus at a distance, such as
travelling drilling machines, and this without specific manual adjust-
ment of my said apparatus for every new distance. For this purpose I
support in strong framework two shafts, the one stationary and the other
moveable. The stationary shaft is driven by a steam engine or by or
from any convenient prime mover. On both shafts I fit two or more
pullies or on each a drum formed with two or more grooves or spaces.
The endless rope, band, chain, or other flexible agent is led over the said
pullies or drums, and the free double is conveyed to the machine or

page_text: apparatus to be driven. The moveable shaft is free to slide in guides,
and is counterbalanced by a weight. A very short travel of the moveable
shaft and its pullies or drum serve therefore to take up a considerable
length of the said flexible agent, hence motion can be automatically
transmitted within extensive ranges. To facilitate adjustment of the
apparatus I make one or more of the pullies or a part of the drum
detachable on the stationary shaft.
A COMBINED TAP AND FILTER FOR WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Ogden at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st July
1869.
I, JOHN OGDEN, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanic,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A COMBINED TAP
AND FILTER FOR WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in making the tap of such shape and size that
the water or other liquid passing through it shall be conducted through
a block of carbon or other substance to filter it.
One mode of carrying the same into operation is as follows:-The pipe
conveying water or other liquid to be filtered is connected to the chamber
of the tap in the ordinary manner. This chamber forms part of the
apparatus and is made with an outlet on its upper surface. The tap may
be made of metal with an elastic packing or with a metal face, the
spindle of the tap is supported in a stuffing box attached to the casting

page_text: containing the tap and filter. The carbon or other filtering substance is
held in the casing and rests on an elastic packing at the top and bottom.
These taps and filters are adapted for household and manufacturing
purposes. When applied to beer engines or barrels the carbon would
be dispensed with and a sieve or net used instead.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HARMONIUMS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mason Johnston Matthews at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 20th January 1869.
I, MASON JOHNSTON MATTHEWS, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Musical Instrument Maker, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HARMONIUMS," to be as follows,
that is to say :-
This Invention relates more particularly to those parts of the
mechanism of the harmonium by which the sound is made to swell
at the option of the performer, but it may also be applied to the stops
for putting different sets of reeds into or out of action.
In carrying the Invention into effect, according to one modification, a
knee lover is applied in the ordinary position of such levers to be acted
on by the knee and by suitable connections to open the swell valve or
valves, but instead of arranging this lover to be acted on in one
direction only it is contrived to act and open the valve or valves when
it is pressed by the knee either to the right or to the left. To obtain
this action it is mounted on a vertical hinge and is formed with pro-

page_text: jections on both sides; there is a broad lever behind it, and to whichever
side the knee lever is moved the projection on that side pushes back the
bottom of the broad lever. A cord or wire is connected to the top of
the broad lever and draws forward a wedge, which enters under and lifts
a bar connected to the valve or valves and so opens them.
According to a second modification the swell effect is produced by the
performer pressing sufficiently on the keyboard, which depresses it and
causes the opening of the swell valve or valves. To obtain this action
the reed chost is hinged to the body of the instrument below, and the
space between them is closed in with leather sides. Studs fixed to the
stationary part project up inside and have rods resting on them, and
when the keyboard and with it the reed chest are depressed it is as though
these rods were pushed up, and they act on bars or levers connected to
the swell valve or valves and open them. Springs are applied between
the parts to raise the reed chest and keyboard when the downward
prossure is removed.
According to a third modification the parts are arranged as in the
second, but so that the swell valve or valves are opened by the elevation
instead of by the depression of the reed chest. The swell effect is
produced by increasing the pressure of the feet on the bellows, and the
air reservoir being closed by means of the ordinary "expression" stop
the increased pressure causes the reed chest to rise and the keyboard
with it, whilst the performer has complete control over the action by
pressing more or less on the keyboard.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Charles Mayer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st April 1869.
I, HENRY CHARLES MAYER, of Craven Strect, in the City of West-
minster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES," to be as follows:-
The improvements consist in attaching to one or two wheeled
velocipedes and to velocipedes generally when desired an adjustable
supplementary balance wheel or wheels, one or more of them, for the
purpose of steadying and guiding the velocipede when in use, and also
when furnished with only one or two wheels the velocipede may stand of
itself.
The improvements may conveniently be performed by attaching to
any of the one-wheel or two-wheel velocipedes now in use, or constructed
for the purpose, a suitable arm of metal or wood carrying a wheel of any
convenient size adjusted to run on the ground at any convenient
distance right or left, as the case may be, from the velocipede wheels,
the said arm or wheel, one or both of them, being so constructed that by

page_text: means of suitable levers, chains, cords, or screws they may when
desired be moved laterally nearer to or further from the velocipede
wheels, and also drawn or lifted up from the ground, or let down during
the movement or otherwise of the velocipede. The arm and wheel with
its moving gear may be so constructed as to be easily affixed or taken
from the velocipede.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY ENGINES, WHICH MAY BE USED AS PUMPS OR WATER METERS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Moore at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
January 1869.
I, THOMAS Moonr, of 32, Bridge Street, Southwark, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ROTARY ENGINES, WHICH MAY BE USED AS PUMPS OR WATER METERS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in rotary engines for
obtaining motive power from water, which engines when driven by power
may be employed as pumps, or by attaching a counter with a registering
index to the main shaft or axis of the machine it may be used as a water
meter. An outer cylinder or bored cylindrical casing is employed with
two end covers suitably constructed to receive a shaft or axis through their
centres, the passage of the shaft or axis being made water-tight. On this
shaft or axis is fixed a cylinder, drum, or piston, leaving an annular space
between its circumference and that of the outer cylinder or bored cylindrical
casing. The periphery of this cylinder, drum, or piston is suitably
formed to receive two, three, or more hinged buckets, fans, or flap valves,
which hinged buckets, fans, or flap valves are actuated by means of a
cam or cams of forms convenient to the purpose, the cam or cams being

page_text: placed in a recess formed in one of the end covers, which cam or cams
through the intervention of rollers and levers cause the hinged buckets,
fans, or flap valves during part of a revolution of the machine to obstruct
in a water-tight manner the annular space left between the outer
cylinder or bored cylindrical casing and the cylinder, drum, or piston,
and during other part of a revolution to lie in recesses formed in the
periphery of the cylinder, drum, or piston for this purpose; and it is by
the action of water properly introduced by an inlet pipe on to these
hinged buckets, fans, or flap valves that a rotary motion is imparted to
the cylinder, drum, or piston and motive power obtained, the waste or
used water being of course permitted to run away through an exhaust
passage or outlet pipe. It will be readily understood that by attaching
a counter with a registering index to the main shaft or axis of the
machine it will be converted into a meter for measuring water or other
fluids. When used as a pump rotary motion must be communicated
to the shaft or axis, and by the rotation of the cylinder, drum, or
piston fluid is caused to rise; the pump being furnished with an
outlet and an inlet pipe, the inlet pipe being in connection with a suction
pipe and having a valve in it opening inwards.
THE MANUFACTURE OF NEEDLE AND OTHER CASES FROM OPAQUE GLASS TUBING OF VARIOUS COLOURS FITTED WITH A PECULIAR METAL SPRING SLIDE, SCOOP, AND CAP IN ONE
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Henry Musgrave at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st October 1869.
I, SAMUEL HENRY MUSGRAVE, 217, Camden Road, Camden Town,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE MANUFACTURE
OF NEEDLE AND OTHER CASES FROM OPAQUE GLASS TUBING OF VARIOUS COLOURS
FITTED WITH A PECULIAR METAL SPRING SLIDE, SCOOP, AND CAP IN ONE," to be
as follows:-
The tube I use is opaque white or opal, lavender, turquoise, black,.
and other colours. I draw with the blow pipe a long point at every
three inches of the tube; I separate the lengths, and with the flame of
blow pipe melt down the point, forming a nob as finish at bottom of
case; I then grind the other end flat and smooth in flame. A pad of
cork is pushed to the bottom of case to receive the points of needles or
other articles. I then place the article inside and finish with a peculiar
metal spring slide, scoop, and cap in one, as here described.
The fitting or spring slide consists of an openwork spring to clasp the
tube or case and work up and down; attached to that is the scoop for

page_text: the purpose of tilting the article into for selection, and attached to that
is the cap, all in one, and does not require to come off.
Having described the nature of my Invention I do not claim using
opaque glass tubing as new, being aware it has been used before for
other purposes; but I claim the spring slide fitting as my Invention, 5
being peculiarly adapted for the purpose described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MILK CANS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Newsome at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
January 1869.
I, CHARLES NEWSOME, of Coventry, in the County of Warwick, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MILK CANS," to be as follows:-
I
This Invention has for its object to prevent the injury milk now
sustains in its transit by rail or road caused by the heat of the weather
and by the shaking it receives in the cans now in general use.
provent the shaking of the milk by the construction of a can which
is capable of being quite filled with milk, and I carry out this part
of my Invention by means of two lids, the large lid covering the
mouth of the can and the small lid covering a small cup which is
fixed upon the top of the large lid; through the large lid, and entering
into the small cup, there is a tube through which the milk can pass
out of the can into the cup and out of the cup into the can, thus
ensuring the can being quite full of milk whether the milk be shrinking
or expanding from the effects of cold or heat. The large lid is made
to fit water-tight by means of a washer of india-rubber fixed upon

page_text: the collar of the can or upon the under rim of the lid. The lid is
pressed firmly down on the washer by spring catches hinged on the
rim of the lid and biting under the collar of the can. When used
the can is filled with milk and the large lid fastened on; the cup is
then nearly filled with milk and the small lid put on. I place divisions 5
or cell work on the inner surface of the small lid in order to destroy
motion of the milk in the cup as much as possible. The milk is
kept cool in hot weather by means of water placed upon the top of
the large lid, and I prevent the water from slushing over by a con-
struction of cells which can be placed at pleasure upon the top of 1
the large lid. I fix india-rubber upon the bottom of the can in order
to reduce the dead jar in travelling by railway.
In- PROV.MENTS IN THE DISTILLATION OF HYDEOCARBON OILS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Amasa Mason at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th January
1869. A communication from abroad by Charles Hall, of Smith's.
Ferry, in the County of Beaver, and State of Pennsylvania, in the
United States of America.
I, AMASA MASON, of No. 1A, Craven Street, Strand, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROV.MENTS IN THE DISTILLATION OF HYDEOCARBON OILS," to be as follows:-
In distilling hydrocarbon oils according to this Invention the oil to
be distilled is placed in a closed still and retained under pressure
whlst it is vaporized by means of steam blown into it; a pipe fitted
with a throttle valve leads from the top of the still to a condensor, and
this valve is kept closed until the desired pressure of steam has been
obtained in the still; the valve on the pipe leading to the condensor is
then gradually opened, and it, and also a valve on the steam pipe, is kept
so adjusted that whilst the oily vapors and steam pass off to the con-
densor the desired pressure in the still is kept up by the inflow of steam.
A pressure gauge is fitted to the still so that the pressure in the still

page_text: may be readily ascertained; I prefer to employ a pressure of about 90 lbs.
'to the square inch, but this may be varied. Hydrocarbon oils may
similarly be distilled in a closed still by superheated steam being blown
into it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHIRT STUDS AND SOLITAIRES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacob Weigel and Barnett
Weigel at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 24th April 1869.
We, JACOB WEIGEL and BARNETT WEIGEL, trading under the title
of Weigel Brothers, Goldsmiths and Jewelers, of No. 384, City Road, and
of No. 33, Rue Montmartre, Paris, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHIRT STUDS AND
SOLITAIRES," to be as follows:-
The object of the present Invention is to render the fastening of
wristbands, shirt or chemisette fronts, collars or cuffs secure and in
as simple a manner as possible. With this view our studs and solitaires
are so constructed that the necessity of withdrawing them from the
button holes to unfasten them when desired is obviated, which is a
consideration, as the rigidity of the button hole is preserved, and from
the nature of the stud a much smaller one is required than is usual with
the old method.
The following are the characteristic features of our Invention :-The
stud or solitaire, as the case may be, consists of two parts, or, in other

page_text: words, the head is movable. To the bottom plate is soldered a small-
hollow oval-shaped tube having a sort of club-shaped opening for the
reception of a pin soldered to the head plate; this pin is provided with
two small projections and forms the key by which the upper and lower
plates are connected. At the lower end of the tube above mentioned
and close to the bottom plate two apertures are cut inversely and in the
shape of an ordinary ward of a key. A small flat steel spring is passed
through these openings, the ends being fixed to the bottom plate, the
object of which is that in inserting the pin (fixed to the head of the
button) into the tube and pressing on the spring, at the same time
turning the head, the projections on the pin pass out on each side of
the ward-shaped openings in the tube and are pressed up by the spring
into the notched parts of the wards, and the head and bottom plate
are thus locked together. In unfastening the same downward pressure
is required, but the head is turned in the contrary direction. The upper
part of the tube being provided with ear pieces effectually prevents
this part of the stud from leaving the button hole, when the head is
removed all that is necessary therefore is to insert the pin in the tube,
exercising a gentle pressure, at the same time turning the head from
right to left for fastening, and vice versa for unfastening the stud. The
spring alluded to may be either fixed as described, or it may be placed
above the aperture of the tube; in this case it is provided with a central
opening for admitting of the passage of the pin, or this latter may be
made hollow and a smaller pin fixed to a spring be placed therein; in
other respects the several parts named remain unchanged.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO-MAGNETIC MACHINES AND IN MAGNETS FOR THE SAME AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Burroughs at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
November 1869.
I, JOSEPH BURROUGHS, junior, of Newark, New Jersey, United States
of America, but now of No. 8, Southampton Buildings, London, do
hereby declare the. nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ELECTRO-MAGNETIC MACHINES AND IN MAGNETS FOR THE SAME AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My said Invention relates chiefly to the construction of electro-magnets
and their application to the developement of power for various purposes.
The said Invention consists, first, in the peculiar construction of an
electro-magnet whose limbs are sectors or the approximates of segments
of a circle. The peculiar advantages of an electro-magnet of this shape
are as follows:-First, in coiling upon the magnet the insulated wire
the strands or coils are brought in a closer proximity to the molecules of
the iron; second, the neutral axis is reduced to an infinite line; third,
I am enabled to utilize the secondary currents by reason of having a
longer extent of actual pulling surface, this advantage cannot be gained

page_text: by a magnet of any other shape; fourth, I am enabled to dispense
with a large amount of useless iron, the magnetizing of which absorbs
battery power and weakens the magnet at the parts where the greatest
strength is required.
The said Invention consists, secondly, in the novel method of binding
the limbs of the magnet together by means of a tie bolt and washer.
By this part of my Invention, I am enabled to compound an indefinite
number of magnets by a continuous bolt.
My Invention consists, thirdly, in the compounding of electro-magnets
having helices or coils of plane surfaces brought in close contact with
each other. By this means of compounding I utilize the full effect of
the induced currents, which currents in electro-magnetic apparatus as
heretofore constructed have been generally lost when the helices or coils
are not in actual contact.
The said Invention consists, fourthly, in the interposition of layers of
foil or thin sheets of metal more or less ductile between the layers of the
coils.
This part of my Invention enables me to neutralize the inductive
currents existing between different layers of wire, whereby I gain onc-
third more power than has been hitherto practicable.
The said Invention consists, fifthly, in the use of a shaft running
through the revolving armatures of an electro-magnetic machine.
This feature of my Invention is very important as it economizes
space, lessens the cost of the machine, and simplifies its construction.
I construct permanent magnets of the same shape as the electro-magnets
above described.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Cowan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th June
1869.
I, WILLIAM COWAN, of Kittybrewster, in the County of Aberdeen,
North Britain, Locomotive Superintendent of the Great North of
Scotland Railway, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES," to be as follows, that is to
say :-
This Invention has for its object to cither avoid or diminish as far as
practicable the wear and abrasion of the faces of slide valves, as well as
the faces of steam chests, which occurs when a locomotive is running
with the steam shut off, as in going.
The class of slide valves more especially referred to are those wherein
a portion of the pressure of the steam is removed from the back of the
valves by the insertion of one or more steam-tight packing rings,
whereby the steam is displaced and prevented from acting thereon.
When the engine is running with the steam shut off the piston in
each cylinder acts as the plunger in an air pump (when common slide

page_text: valves from which the pressure of steam on the back is not relieved are
used), and during each stroke draws in and forces out air through the
exhaust port, for with the common slide valve when the pressure of
steam is shut off the blast of air from the cylinder during each return
stroke blows the valve off the steam ports, thus allowing a free influx
and efflux of air through the blast pipe, cylinders, and steam chests, but
in the case of the class of slide valves to which the present Invention
applies the valves remain always in contact with the steam ports, so that
in place of air (when the engine is running without steam) being allowed
to flow in and fill the steam chests and cylinders the action of the
piston forms a partial vacuum in both, and therefore during each stroko
and at the time when the exhaust cavity of the valve opens communi-
cation between one of the steam ports and the exhaust port, a certain
amount of air and grit is drawn in through the blast pipe from the
smoke box, and which passing in between the working surfaces destroys
them by abrasion.
The essential feature then of the present Invention consists in
attaching a valve or valves to the steam chests or cylinders, which may
be either self-acting or capable of being opened by the engineman, and
through which air is admitted directly that the engine commences to
run without steam, the effect of which is to prevent a vacuum being
formed and to cause a quantity of air to be expelled through the blast
pipe in place of drawn in therethrough, thus also preventing any grit
or dirt passing in to injure the valve and steam chest faces.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF KILNS FOR BURNING LIMESTONE, CHALK, CEMENT, OR FOR CALCINING ORES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Robinson at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
May 1869.
I, HENRY ROBINSON, of Skipton, Yorkshire, Coal and Lime Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF KILNS FOR BURNING LIMESTONE, CHALK, CEMENT, OR FOR
CALCINING ORES," to be as follows:-
I at present propose that the kiln be composed of a top central cone
together with two lower cones communicating with the above-mentioned
top central cone on its lower side. The fuel is supplied by a separate
passage or passages proceeding from the top or upper surface of the
kiln and opening into the lower cones.
The accompanying Drawings indicate my present method of pro-
cecdure.
Fig. 1 shews a front elevation of kiln; Fig. 2 shews a vertical
section through centre of kiln; Fig. 3 shews a vertical section on fuel
passage and lower cone.

page_text: The following letters refer as below in the accompanying Drawings:-
a, upper and lower cones (see Figures 2, 3); b, passages for fuel (see
Figs. 2, 3); c, archways to bottom of lower cones for removing lime;
d, solid masonry (Figs. 2 and 3).
I also claim the right of using, if circumstances should require it,
more than two "lower cones," also more than two "passages for fuel,"
as well as placing the "central cone" in the lower part of the kiln,
and the before-mentioned "lower cones" in the upper part of the kiln;
in other words, I claim my Invention to mean the placing of one or
more seperate cones of any shape above another cone or cones for the
purpose of burning limestone, chalk, cement, or for calcining ores.
My Invention is applicable to the construction of kilns, whereby much
fuel is saved in burning limestone, chalk, cement, or in calcining ores.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR THE CONSUMPTION OF SMOKE
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th January
1869.
I, GEORGE SMITH, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR THE CONSUMPTION OF
SMOKE," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to consume the smoke arising from
the horizontal furnaces of steam, hot water, and other boilers. For this
purposo I place at the back of the fire-place an additional bridge com-.
posed of fire-bricks or clay, or other suitable material, one end of which
bridgo rests on the fire-bars a short distance from their back ends, and
its top. part and other end projects over the ordinary bridge so as to
leave a hollow space or air chamber the whole width of the fire-place
communicating with the fluc. By this arrangement a current of cool

page_text: air is introduced through the spaces between the hack ends of the
fire-bars to the hollow space or air chamber from which it immediately
comes in contact with the smoke and gases from the ignited fuel and
causes their instant combustion or conversion into flame.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SUPPLYING WATER TO CATTLE TRUCKS OR WAGONS ON RAILWAYS, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Sword at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th March
1869.
I, DAVID SWORD, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SUPPLYING WATER TO CATTLE TRUCKS OR WAGONS ON RAILWAYS, AND IN
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR, to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention, which relates to certain apparatus to be employed for
the continuous supply of water to cattle when travelling on railways,
consists in connecting cattle trucks or wagons supplied with water
troughs to one or more tanks or reservoirs attached to the train, so that
by means of affording a continuous supply of water the cattle may
drink at any time when on the journey, and the necessity of stopping
the train for supplying them with water is avoided.
To effect the object of this Invention the troughs are connected
together preferably by a flexible pipe, and a ball cock, float valve, or
other means for regulating the admission of water is situated between
the tank or tanks and troughs.
:

page_text: Another part of this Invention relates to a floating cover for the
troughs, the troughs being by preference formed in compartments. The
cover floats on the surface of the water in the troughs, and openings are
made in it, so that when an animal in the truck or wagon lowers its
head to drink it depresses the cover slightly, and allows the water to
pass through and above the cover. As soon as the animal raises its
head the floating cover returns to its position on the surface of the water,
and by means of this cover the water is prevented from being thrown
out of the troughs, except in but trifling quantities, through the jerking
or jolting action of the train. The covers are preferably made of iron,
having cork or other buoyant material attached on the under side to
enable them to float. The troughs with which such floating covers are
used are necessarily made parallel on opposite sides and corners to
enable the covers to move freely upwards and downwards, according to
the height or level of the water in them.
It is to be understood that the attaching of water troughs to cattle
trucks or wagons forms no part of this Invention, but that it is intended
to claim as new the arrangement whereby the supply of water is made
continuous; also the floating cover.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CATAMENIAL SACKS OR UTERINE SUPPORTS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Augustus Bryant Childs at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th June 1869.
I, AUGUSTUS BRYANT CHILDS, of 10, Mark Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CATAMENIAL SACKS OR UTERINE SUPPORTS," to be as
follows:-
The object of my improvement is to construct catamenial sacks or
supports so that they can be handily attached and detached, and not
unpleasant or painful to the patient in any position or posture when
worn.
The sack or bag is made of any suitable size and shape to fit the parts
to which it is applied, and composed by preference of india-rubber, or
it may be made of any material capable of containing liquid. The
sack is provided with sponge, cotton, or other absorbing substances, and
held thereon, if required, by transverse elastic cords secured to the sack
or any other analogous device.

page_text: The sack is supported and held to its place by bands sewed or
otherwise attached to it, and composed in whole or part of india-rubber
or other clastic material. The upper end of the bands are buttoned or
buckled to a waistband or belt; or two or more of these bands are used
in front and at the back of the patient for adjusting and holding the
sack and support in proper position.
In some cases of uterine disorders hard substances may be used in
connection with a sponge or absorbing material contained in the sack
to give a firmer support to the deseased part if required.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Barlow and Edward
Pilkington at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 14th December 1869.
We, JAMES BARLOW, of the Firm of Messieurs Barlow and Jones, of
Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturers, and EDWARD
PILKINGTON, of the same Place, Foreman, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING,'
to be as follows:-
"
Our Invention is applicable to those looms in which a jacquard engine
is employed, and it consists in an improved arrangement of machinery
for working the jacquard engine.
In performing our Invention we make use of an endless chain of
tappets with elevators and depressors for working the lever which is
connected to the jacquard engine in the ordinary manner. The relative
position of the links of the chain can be arranged in any order, so as to

page_text: work the jacquard engine whenever it may be required. By this means
the wheels and tappets hitherto required for effecting the same purpose
are dispensed with, and a great saving of time is effected in making the
required changes for weaving quiltings and other fabrics.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THROWING HORSES AND OTHER CATTLE FOR VETERINARY PURPOSES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Berwick Cunningham at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 22nd January 1860.
I, ALBERT BERWICK CUNNINGHAM, of the Royal Military Academy,
Woolwich, Lieutenant of the Royal Regiment of Artillery, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR THROWING HORSES AND OTHER CATTLE FOR VETERINARY PURPOSES," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
My Invention has for object the casting or throwing of horses and
other cattle having to undergo surgical or other operations where a
prostrate position is necessary, and consists of an improved apparatus
whereby the casting is effected in a safer and more easy manner than by
the means hitherto employed. This apparatus is constructed with a flup
or door fitted with a pad, and hinged or otherwise suitably attached at
one side to the side of a frame fixed in the floor or paving, or to the
floor or paving itself, so as to move up and down in a similar manner to
that of a trapdoor. This frame is made of a size to receive the flap or
door, and is let into a recess in the floor or paving, so as to allow the
ilap to sit flush with the other part of the floor or paving. The flap or

page_text: door is raised to a vertical position to admit of the horse (or other
animal to be cast) being attached thereto by means of blocks and tackle,
or other suitable means adjusted thereto, and communicating with pullies
fixed above on suitable supports. I can use an additional flap hinged
to the floor or paving at a short distance from the hinged side of the
first flap to form an enclosure for the horse in conjunction with the first
flap when in a vertical position. The flap or door may be made to form
an operating table if desired by: fixing legs, trestles, or other suitable
supports to it, and then allowing it to pivot on the legs, trestles, or
other supports when lowered.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PRESERVING ARTICLES OF FOOD
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Beanes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th August
1869.
I, EDWARD BEANES, of Cordwalles, near Maidenhead, in the County of
Berks, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PRESERVING ARTICLES OF FOOD," to be as follows:-
These improvements in the preservation of animal food, such as meat,
game, poultry, fish, and other articles of food, consist in the application
and use in the manner herein-after described of acid sulphites or
bi-sulphites of soda or potash.
I am aware that it has already been proposed to use for the preser-
vation of meat and other articles of food sulphite of soda and a solution
of bi-sulphite of soda or potash, I do not therefore make any claim to
use such sulphite or solution, but the agents which I employ are acid
sulphites of soda and potash and bi-sulphites of soda or potash in powder
or crystals.
It will be observed that whereas sulphite is alkaline I use acid sulphite
in which free acid is present, and whereas when a solution of bi-sulphite

page_text: of potash or soda is used there is moisture present, which I find injurious,
I therefore confine myself to the use of acid sulphites and of bi-sulphites
in a state of dry powder or crystals.
I employ the above-named agents in the following manner:-The
food to be preserved may be placed in wooden cases or barrels between
layers of either of the above-mentioned chemical agents applied in a
state of powder or small crystals.
When necessary the meat or other article of food should be wiped to
remove any external moisture, and it is then to be placed or packed in
the cases or barrels, and the interstices or vacant spaces between the food
and the case or barrel filled with either of the aforesaid powders or
crystals and then closed up. In this manner it will be found that the
meat or food will be preserved quite fresh for many months.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Peel, John Sharp, and
James Walworth at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 27th September 1869.
We, JOHN PEEL, Overlooker, JOHN SHARP, Pattern Maker, and JAMES
WALWORTH, Machine Maker, all of Bradford, in the County of York,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the letting-off motion or the means of
retarding the rotation of the warp beam or putting a drag thereon to
produce a proper tension on the warp when weaving. Heretofore this
drag has been effected by means of a cord or chain passing around a
pulley fixed on the beam or in connection therewith by gearing, and
acted upon by weighted levers.
Now instead of these appliances we apply a circular clip or, strap. of
metal or other material, embracing the beam and fixed to the loom. end
frame. This clip is constructed in two parts or semicircles,. one being
hinged or hooked into the other at one joining, and at the other joining

page_text: held together by means of a screw bolt, which is rendered elastic by
the application of a spiral or other form of spring thereto, or an india-
rubber washer, so that the friction may be adjusted as required, and the
said clip may also be lined with leather or other suitable substance if
desirable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Gall at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th June
1869.
I, CHARLES GALL, of Halifax, in the County of York, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the construction and application of a series
of pipes or hollow grate bars open at one or both ends and so arranged
and operated as to rotate and reciprocate, also capable of containing or
admitting water, air, steam, or other suitable liquid or fluid to circulate
therein to prevent burning of the bars and the fuel from soldering or
adhering to them. These pipes are mounted upon suitable bearings, and
a worm wheel is fixed on each, and underneath is placed a horizontal
rotary shaft carrying a series of worms to gear into the wheels, rotary
motion being given to this shaft by another shaft on which is carried a
slidable clutch capable of gearing in one or other of two bevil wheels
loose on the said shaft, which shaft recieves motion by gear from a
driving shaft and any suitable motive power, by which means the action

page_text: or direction of rotation of the grate bars is changed at regular times
alternately according to arrangement. This reverse motion is effected
by a tumbling lever which takes into the clutch and is operated by a
stud wheel driven by a worm on another shaft, which receives motion
from one of the bevil wheels. Also another shaft on which is fixed one!
or more eccentrics, studs, or cranks is employed, and receives motion by
worm from the clutch shaft which by means of connecting rods attached
by levers to one of the bearers gives reciprocatory motion to the pipes
or grate bars for carrying the fuel forward in the furnace. Water, steam,
air, or other liquid or fluid is introduced to the interior of these said 1
pipes or bars by means of small pipes inserted at the open ends.
. In some cases barbs or projections may be. formed or fixed upon
hollow pipes or. bars, in which case they only reciprocate to carry the
fuel forward.
In all cases the said pipes are by preference placed at an incline. 1
Any ordinary kind of hopper or chamber may be employed to receive the
supply of coal or fuel which is thence worked or propelled forward into
the furnace by the reciprocation of the pipes or grate bars.