Improvements in Quadruple Expansion Engines.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 16th May, 1889
Complete Specification Left, 17th Feb., 1890-Accepted, 22nd Mar., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Quadruple Expansion Engines.
I, JOHN HAUG, of 206 Walnut Place, in the City of Philadelphia, State of
Pennsylvania, United States of America, Mechanical Engineer and Marino Architect,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to so construct a quadruple expansion engine as to
provide for using the engine as a true quadruple expansion engine receiving live
steam in the first or smallest cylinder only of the set, or as a double compound
engine, receiving live steam in both of the small cylinders.
The main shaft of the engine has two cranks, one of said cranks being operated by
one pair of cylinders and the other crank by the other pair of cylinders, these two
pair of cylinders being arranged side by side, and each pair comprising a cylinder of
small diameter and a cylinder of larger diameter, the cylinders being preferably so
disposed that the cylinder of smallest diameter and the cylinder of largest diameter,
form one pair, while the cylinders of intermediate diameter form the second pair, so
that the piston area and average steam pressure of each pair will be about equal, and
the application of uniform power to each crank will be insured.
The cylinders of each pair are arranged tandem, the smaller cylinder being in
advance, and each pair of cylinders has a common cross-head, the piston of the
smaller cylinder of the pair having a central rod, while the piston of the larger
cylinder has side rods connected to said cross-head, to which is also hung one end of
a connecting rod, the other end of the latter being adapted to one of the cranks in the
usual manner.
Any desired form of valves and valve gear may be used in connection with the
cylinders.
In a quadruplo expansion engine, especially when the same is designed for use in
a war vessel, it is desirable to provide for working the engine either asa true quadruple
expansion engine or as a double compound engine, the live steam in the former case
being admitted to the first or smallest cylinder of the set, but in the double or com-
pound engine, being admitted to the two smaller cylinders, the quadruple principle
being adopted for the sake of economy when a moderate amount of power only is
needed for ordinary cruising, and the engine being worked as a double compound
engine when greater power is needed for steaming at high speed in case of emergency,
as for instance, in pursuing or escaping from an enemy.
For this reason, I combine with the four cylinders of the engine an intermediate or
directing valve chest, having valves and seats so arranged that the eduction pipe or
passage of the first cylinder may be caused to communicate with the induction pipe
or passage of the second cylinder, the eduction pipe or passage of the latter with the
induction pipe or passage of the third cylinder, and so on, or the induction pipes of
both the first and second cylinders may be placed in communication with the live
steam pipe, and the eduction pipes of said first and second cylinders caused to com-
municate with the induction pipes or passages of the third and fourth cylinders,
respectively.
and
The chest has chambers communicating with the induction pipes or passages,
other chambers communicating respectively with the eduction pipes or passages of
the various cylinders, the first induction chamber also communicating with the live
steam supply pipe, while the last eduction chamber communicates with the exhaust
pipe leading to the condenser.
In the partition between the first and second induction chambers there is an opening,
and in the. partitions forming the boundaries of the first three eduction chambers are
openings located opposite each other, one set of openings being located respectively

page_text: between the first, second and third eduction chambers, and the second, third and
fourth induction chambers, and the other set of openings being located respectively,
between the first eduction and third induction, between the second eduction and fourth
induction, and between the third and fourth eduction chambers.
Passing centrally through the chest is a valve stem, which carries a single valve
adapted to close the opening between the first two induction chambers, and a series
of duplex valves, one for each of the first three eduction chambers, these valves being
adapted to close either the first or second set of openings above alluded to, according
to the adjustment of the valve stem.
When the valves are adjusted to close the second set of openings, the first
induction chamber which communicates with the live steam supply pipe is cut off
from all the pipes or passages except the induction pipe of the first cylinder, the
eduction pipe from this cylinder being in communication, through the first eduction
and second induction chambers, with the induction pipe of the second cylinder, the
eduction pipe of the latter communicating, through the second eduction and third
induction chambers, with the induction passage of the third cylinder, and the eduction
pipe of the latter communicating through the third eduction and fourth induction
chambers, with the induction passage of the fourth and last cylinder, the eduction
passage of which communicates through the exhaust pipe with the condenser.
Steam is thus worked under full pressure in the first cylinder of the set, and
expansively in the second, third and fourth cylinders, but by simply shifting the
valve stem so as to remove the valves from the second set of openings and close
the first set of openings, the live steam chamber is placed in communication with
the induction pipes of the first and second cylinders, the eduction pipe of the first
cylinder communicating with the induction passage of the third cylinder, the
eduction pipe of the second. cylinder communicating with the induction passage of the
fourth cylinder, and the eduction passages of said third and fourth cylinders both com-
municating with the exhaust pipe leading to the condenser, so that steam is worked
under full pressure in the first and second cylinders and expansively in the third
and fourth cylinders, thus forming, practically, two compound engines, the first or
smallest cylinder exhausting into the third, and the second cylinder into the fourth
or largest, so that the degree of expansion and average pressure in each of the
larger cylinders will be substantially uniform.
Although I prefer to arrange all the valves on one stem, so that they may all be
.operated simultaneously, it will be evident that the valves may be carried by
independent sleeves, so as to be operated separately, without departing from my
invention.
Although I prefer also to adopt the tandem arrangement of the cylinders, and the
principle of direct action, the same may be modified without departing from my
invention, for instance, various plans may be adopted in which the cylinders of each
pair are placed side by side.
In one of such arrangements, the piston rods of the third and fourth cylinders are
connected to the cranks, and also, by links, to the arms of the beams or levers, which
are hung to suitable bearings on the frame of the engine, the other arms of said levers
being connected by links to the piston rods of the first and second cylinders. In this
case, the cranks are set at an angle of. 90° in respect to each other, but the
pistons of the cylinders of each pair move in opposite directions, as will. be readily
understood.
In another arrangement, the crank shaft is at one side of the frame, and three
armed rock levers are used to transmit the movement of the piston rod to the cranks,
two arms of each lever being connected to the piston rods of a pair of cylinders, and
the third arm being connected to the crank.
The disposal of the cylinders in accordance with these modifications necessitates
the making of the intermediate or directing valve chest in two parts, one part con-
taining the first and second induction and eduction chambers, and being located
adjacent to the valve chests of the first and second cylinders, while the other part
contains the third and fourth eduction and induction chambers, and is located adjacent

page_text: to the valve chest of the third and fourth cylinders. In this case, pipes forming
continuations of the first and second eduction chambers, connect the two valve
chests.
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
Agents.
COMPLETE
SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Quadruple Expansion Engines.
I JOHN HAUG of 206 Walnut Place in the City of Philadelphia State of Pennsylvania
United States of America Mechanical Engineer and Marine Architect do hereby
declare the nature of this Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
The object of my Invention is to so construct a quadruple expansion engine
provide for using the engine as a true quadruple expansion engine receiving live
steam in the first or smallest cylinder only of the set or as a double compound engine
receiving live steam in both of the small cylinders.
as to
In the accompanying drawings Figure 1 is a plan view of one form of quadruple-
expansion engine constructed in accordance with my Invention, the intermediate or
directing valve-chest being shewn in section; Figure 2, a view, partly in section and
partly in elevation, through one pair of cylinders and their valve-chests, the directing
valve-chest being shewn in elevation; Figure 3, a view of the intermediate or directing
valve-chest and its valve shewing the latter in different positions from those illustrated
in Figure 1; Figure 4, a diagram illustrating the disposal of the cylinders in respect
to the crank-shaft of the engine; Figures 5 to 8, diagrams illustrating modified
arrangements of the cylinders, and Figures 9 and 10 a modified construction of the
directing-valves and valve-chest for use in connection therewith.
A represents the main shaft of the engine, on which are cranks B B, one of said
cranks being operated by a pair of cylinders, D₁ D, and the other crank by a pair
of cylinders, D³, these two pairs of cylinders being arranged side by side, and
each pair comprising a cylinder of small diameter and a cylinder of larger diameter,
the cylinders being preferably disposed as shewn in the diagram, Figure 4, that is to
say the cylinder D of smallest diameter and the cylinder D of largest diameter
forming one pair, while the cylinders D2 D3 of intermediate diameter form the second
pair, so that the piston area and average steam-pressure of each pair will be about
equal, and the application of uniform power to each crank will be insured.
As shewn in Figures 1, 2 and 4, the cylinders of each pair are arranged tandem,
the smaller cylinder being in advance, and each pair of cylinders has a common cross-
head a,
the piston of the smaller cylinder of the pair having a central rod b, while the
piston of the large cylinder has side rods, b¹ connected to said cross-head, to which is
also hung one end of the connecting-rod d, the other end of the latter being adapted to
one of the cranks in the usual manner.
Any desired form of valves and valve-gear may be used in connection with the
cylinders, that shewn in the present instance being what is known as the "Marshall
gear," but it should be understood that my Invention is not limited to this particular
valve-mechanism, nor do I claim the same."
In a quadruple-expansion engine, especially when the same is designed for use in
a war-vessel, it is desirable to provide for working the engine either as a true
quadruple-expansion engine or as a double-compound engine, the live steam in the
former case being admitted to the first or smallest cylinder of the set, but in the
double-compound engine being admitted to the two smaller cylinders, the quadruple
principle being adopted for the sake of economy when a moderate amount of power
only is needed for ordinary cruising, and the engine being worked as a double-
compound engine when greater power is needed for steaming at high speed in case of
emergency, as for instance, in pursuing or escaping from an enemy. For this reason,
I combine with the four cylinders of the engine an intermediate or directing valve-

page_text: · chest F having valves and seats so arranged that the eduction pipe or passage of the
first cylinder may be caused to communicate with the induction pipe or passage
of
the second cylinder the eduction pipe or passage of the latter with the induction pipe
or passage of the third cylinder and so on or the induction-pipes of both the first and
second cylinders may be placed in communication with the live-steam pipe and the
eduction-pipes of said first and second cylinders caused to communicate with the
induction pipes or passages of the third and fourth cylinders respectively.
As shown in the drawings f1f2 f³ and f represents respectively the induction
pipes or passages of the cylinders D1, D2, D3, and D and g¹, g² g³ and represent
respectively the eduction pipes or passages of said cylinders.
The chest F has chambers h1, h2, h3 and communicating respectively with the
induction pipes or passages f¹ f², f³ and fand other chambers 1, 2 and com-
municating respectively with the eduction pipes or passages g² ² g³ and g* of the
various cylinders the chamber also communicating with the live-steam-supply
pipe while the chamber communicates with the exhaust pipe G¹ leading to the
condenser. In the partition between the chambers and there is an opening m
and. in the partitions forming the boundaries of the chambers, and are
openings m and m located opposite each other the openings m being between the
chambers, and respectively while the openings m¹ are respectively
between the chambers 22 h³ and 13.
Passing centrally through the chest F is a valve stem p which carries a single
valve n adapted to close the opening m between the chambers and ², and a
series of duplex valves none for each of the chambers 1, 2 and these valves
being adapted to close, either the openings m or the openings m¹ of said chambers
according to the adjustment of the stem p.
By this arrangement it will be observed that when the valves are adjusted to the
positions shown in Figure 1 so as to close all of the openings m the chamber h
which communicates with the live-steam-supply pipe G, is cut off from all the pipes
or passages except the pipe 1 of the first cylinder D', the eduction pipe g¹ from this
cylinder being in communication through the chambers ¹³ with the induction
pipe of the second cylinder D² the eduction-pipe g² of the latter communicating
through chambers and with the induction passage f³ of the third cylinder D³
and the eduction pipe g³ of the latter communicating through the chambers 3 and 4
with the induction passage of the fourth and last cylinder D) the eduction
passage of which communicates through the exhaust pipe G with the condenser.
Steam is thus worked under full passage in the first cylinder of the set and
expansively in the second third and fourth cylinders but by simply shifting the valve.
stem p so as to remove the valves from the openings m and close the openings m¹ as
shown in Figure 3 the live-steam chamber is placed in communication with the.
induction pipes ff of the cylinders D D the eduction-pipe gl of the cylinder D1
communicating with the induction-passage f³ of the cylinder 13 the eduction pipe g²
of the cylinder D² communicating with the induction passage f* of the cylinder D*
and the eduction passages g3 g of said cylinders D³ D both communicating with
the exhaust pipe leading to the condenser so that steam is worked under full
pressure in the cylinders D D2 and expansively in the cylinders D³ D* thus forming
practically two compound engines the first or smallest cylinder exhausting into the
third and the second cylinder into the fourth or largest so that the degree of
expansion and average pressure in each of the larger cylinders will be substantially
uniform.
Although I prefer to arrange all the valves n and.n n' on one stem as shown and
described so that they may all be operated simultaneously it will be evident that the.
valves may be carried by independent sleeves so as to be operated separately without
departing from my invention. Although I prefer also to adopt the tandem arrange-
ment of the cylinders and the principle of direct action shown in Figures 1, 2, and 4
the same may be modified without departing from my invention. For instance in
Figures 5 and 6 I have shown one plan and in Figures 7 and 8 another plan in.
which the cylinders of each pair are placed side by side.

page_text: In the arrangement shown in Figure 5 the piston-rods of the cylinders D³ D' are
connected to the cranks and also by links d to the arms of beams or levers J which
are hung to suitable bearings on the frame of the engine the other arms of said
levers being connected by links d' to the piston rods of the cylinders D¹ D'. In this
case as in the engine shown in Figures 1 and 2 the cranks are set at an angle of
ninety degrees in respect to each other but the pistons of the cylinders of each pair
move in opposite directions as will be readily understood.
In the arrangement shown in Figures 7 and 8 the crank shaft is at one side of
the frame and three armed rock-levers J₁ are used to transmit the movement of the
piston rods to the cranks two arms of each lever being connected to the piston rods
of a pair of cylinders and the third arm being connected to the crank.
The disposal of the cylinders, as shown in Figures 5 to 8 necessitates the making
of the intermediate or directing valve chest F in two parts as shown in Figures 9
and 10 one part containing the chambers ¹²² and being located adjacent to the
valve chests of the cylinders D1 D2 while the other part contains the chambers h³ h
3 and is located adjacent to the valve chests of the cylinders D³ D'. In this case
pipes forming continuations of the chambers connect the two valve chests F
as shown.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is.
First. The combination in a quadruple engine of four cylinders of differential
diameter a live steam inlet an exhaust outlet passages for connecting the cylinders
either in a continuous or in simultaneously operating pairs and valves for controlling
the flow through the said passages all substantially as specified.
Second. The combination in a quadruple engine of four cylinders of differential
diameter passages connecting the first and second cylinders of the set with the steam
inlet passages connecting the first cylinder with the second and third passages
connecting the second cylinder with the third and fourth passages connecting the
third cylinder with the fourth and with the final outlet a passage connecting said
fourth cylinder with said final outlet and valves for opening and closing said passages,
as described whereby live steam may be directed to the first cylinder only and
worked in the series of cylinders in succession before reaching the final outlet or
said live steam may be simultaneously admitted to the first and second cylinders
the first cylinder exhausting into the third, the second cylinder exhausting into
the fourth and the third and fourth into the final outlet all substantially as
specified.
+
Third. The combination, in a quadruple engine, of four cylinders of differential
diameter passages for connecting the cylinders either in a continuous series or in
pairs, and duplex valves located in the eduction chambers communicating with the
first second and third cylinders all substantially as specified.
Fourth. The combination in a. quadruple engine, of four cylinders of differential
diameter, passages for connecting the cylinders either in continuous series or in
pairs, duplex valves located in the eduction chambers communicating with the first
second and third cylinders, and a single valve controlling the communication
between the induction chambers of the first and second cylinders all substantially as
specified.
Fifth. The combination in a quadruple engine of four cylinders of differential
diameter, a directing chest having passages for connecting the cylinders either in a
continuous series or in pairs and a series of valves carried by a single stem and
controlling the flow through said passages, all substantially as specified.
Dated th
1
Ch
1000
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.