Improvements in the Manufacture of Chromium and similar Alloys.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 13th June, 1896
Complete Specification Left, 6th Mar., 1897-Accepted, 15th May, 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Chromium and similar
Alloys.
I, ERNEST AUGUSTE GEORGES STREET, of 95 Boulevard Beaumarchais, Paris,
in the Republic of France, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
It is known that iron and steel in the molten state are rendered viscous by the
presence in them of traces or of a certain quantity of oxide, which it is of advantage
to eliminate in order to increase the fluidity of the mass in view of obtaining castings
without blisters or blow holes.
Now, pure chromium such for example as that obtained by means of electrolytical
processes, has a very great affinity, for oxygen and hence in the preparation of
alloys of iron and steel with pure chromium, one may utilize this property with
the view of producing the deoxidation of the mass at the moment when the
chromium is introduced.
If however one operated in the manner just indicated, it would be very difficult
to obtain exact proportional mixtures and, moreover, a considerable quantity of
chromium would be lost, which it is desirable to avoid considering the price of
this metal. In order to remedy the above indicated disadvantages therefore
I proceed in the following manner; that is to say,
I commence by adding to the molten mass of iron or steel, a quantity of
aluminium sufficient to produce an almost complete deoxidation. It is important
in this initial treatment that the mass should not be completely deoxidized,
because, if such were the case, free aluminium might occur which would be incor-
porated in the molten mass, and an alloy containing aluminium would be obtained,
which must be avoided. I subsequently add to the molten mass, when almost
completely deoxidized by the aluminium, a quantity of chromium in accordance
with the proportions of the alloy to be obtained, with a surplus of the same metal
(chromium) to remove the small quantity of oxide which is still contained in the
mass. By this process I obtain without any material loss of chromium a very fluid
alloy, which does not contain any traces of aluminium.
What I have just said with regard to chromium applies likewise to similar metals
such as molybdenum, tungsten and the like.
D
AL 1911 dan of Tu 1906
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Chromium and similar
Alloys.
I, ERNEST AUGUSTE GEORGES STREET, of 95 Boulevard Beaumarchais Paris,
in the Republic of France, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
It is known that iron and steel in the molten state are rendered viscous by the
021

page_text: presence in them of traces or of a certain quantity of oxide, which it is of advantage
to eliminate in order to increase the fluidity of the mass in view of obtaining castings
without blisters or blow-holes.
Now, pure chromium such for example as that obtained by means of electrolytical
processes, has a very great affinity for oxygen and hence in the preparation of alloys
of iron and steel with pure chromium, one may utilize this property with the
view of producing the deoxidation of the mass at the moment when the chromium
is introduced.
If however one operated in the manner just indicated, it would be very difficult
to obtain exact proportional mixtures and moreover, a considerable quantity of
chromium would be lost, which it is desirable to avoid considering the price of this
metal. In order to remedy the above indicated disadvantages therefore I proceed
in the following manner; that is to say,
I commence by adding to the molten mass of iron or steel, a quantity of aluminium
sufficient to produce an almost complete deoxidation. It is important in this initial
treatment that the mass should not be completely deoxidized, because, if such were
the case, free aluminium might occur which would be incorporated in the molten
mass, and an alloy containing aluminium would be obtained, which must be
avoided. I subsequently add to the molten mass, when almost completely
deoxidized by the aluminium, a quantity of chromium in accordance with the
proportions of the alloy to be obtained, with a surplus of the same metal (chromium),
to remove the small quantity of oxide which is still contained in the mass. By
this process I obtain without any material loss of chromium a very fluid alloy, which
does not contain any traces of aluminium.
What I have just said with regard to chromium applies likewise to similar metals
such as molybdenum, tungsten and the like.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
The improvements, hereinbefore described, applied to the treatment of iron and
steel by the employment of pure chromium or similar metals, for the purpose of
obtaining alloys of these metals; these improvements consisting in almost completely
deoxidizing the molteu mass of iron or steel by adding to the bath such a quantity
of aluminium that this latter is completely transformed into oxide, the deoxidation
of the mass being completed when the chromium is introduced into the bath by the
transformation of a small portion of this chromium into oxide of chromium, the
remainder forming an alloy with the iron or steel under treatment.
Dated this 6th day of March 1897.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.