IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATING, AND IN ARRANGEMENTS AND MECHANISH FOR LUBRICATING THE BEARINGS, JOURNALS, OR STEPS OF SPINDLES, SHAFTS, AXLES, AND OTHER MECHANISM
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Stead Crosland, of Ashton-under-Lyne, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LUBRICATING, AND IN ARRANGEMENTS AND MECHANISH FOR LUBRICATING
THE BEARINGS, JOURNALS, OR STEPS OF SPINDLES, SHAFTS, AXLES, AND OTHER
MECHANISM."
Sealed the 12th February 1864, and dated the 17th August 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Stead Crosland
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 17th August 1868.
I, JAMES STEAD CROSLAND, of Ashton-under-Lyne, in the County of Lan-
caster, Engineer, do hereby declare the naturo of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATING, AND IN ARRANGEMENTS AND MECHANISM FOR
LUBRICATING THE BEARINGS, JOURNALS, OR STEPS OF SPINDLES, SHAFTS, AXLES,
AND OTHER MECHANISM," to be as follows:-
The principal objects of my Invention are arrangements and means by
which a copious supply of lubricating matter may be given to the surfaces of
mechanism requiring to be lubricated, having in view mainly the use of water,
or water and oil as a lubicating matter.
My Invention refers to the lubrication of the footstep bearings of spindles
and similar mechanism, and consists in forming the footstep rails hollow,
tubular, or with cavities below the footstep, the lower end of which comes
into the hollow, so that the footstep by a hole drilled through its centre can be

page_text: made to communicate with the hollow or cavity which forms the reservoir for
the lubricating matter.
If required, and for the purpose of producing a circulation of the lubri-
cating matter drawn up from the reservoir by the centrifugal action of the
foot of the spindle, a hole may be made down the side of the footstep, so
as to form a communication between the upper cavity of the footstep and
the reservoir, or passages or chanuels may be formed in the upper surface
of the rail to catch and return any overflow from the footsteps and convey
Holes may be made
it back to the reservoir formed by the hollow rail.
horizontally from the bottom of the footstep, so that the lubricating matter
may circulate up the centre and out at the sides of the footstep back to the
reservoir.
My improvements are applied to existing machinery by adding a box formed
of any suitable material, or by applying a bottom plate to such rails as have
suitable ribs at the sides.
My improvements above described are also applicable to the upper or
collar rails of spindles, but the communication in this case between the
spindle and the hollow or cavity of the rail containing the lubricating
matter is by means of openings or spaces at the sides or bottoms of each
collar.
My Invention also consists in applying fibrous or other packing material in
suitable boxes or receptacles formed upon or secured to the under side of the
"collar" spindle rail, the object of which packing material is to retain the
lubricating matter, and prevent it from passing below the collar. This packing
is also applicable to the common collar spindle rail to prevent the loss of lubri-
cating matter supplied in the ordinary manner. The packing receptacles may
be arranged so that the material may be applied to the spindles vertically or
laterally.
My improvements also consist in lubricating the spindles of machinery for
preparing and spinning fibrous materials with water applied by means of the
hollow spindle rails above described; and my improvements consist in the use
of water and oil, or water alono with a little oil on the upper surface of the
water where it comes in contact with the atmosphere, so as to prevent rust.
And my Invention also consists in tinning or galvanizing the surfaces of the
my
Inven
iron spindle rails where they come in contact with the water; and
tion also consists in covering or sealing the orifices through which lubricating
matter is supplied to the reservoir formed by the hollow rail.
My improvements for lubricating the footsteps of large shafts consists in
fixing a part upon the shaft to act as a centrifugal pump, which is provided

page_text: with a suitable casing supplied with lubricating matter, passages being formed
from the lower part of the footstep to the upper part of the said casing. The
centrifugal action of the pump which is carried round by the shaft propels the
lubricating matter in which it rotates to the bottom of the footstep from which
it ascends to the upper part of the casing or vessel, and by this means a copious
circulation of the lubricating matter is obtained.
This apparatus may be also applied to the thrust bearings of screw pro-
peller's shafts, and also to intermediate bearings of vertical and horizontal
shafts by adding an outer casing, or by forming a stuffing box or receptacle
for packing at one side of the journal or bearing, to prevent the escape of
lubricating matter, and by providing means for catching lubricating matter
discharged from the bearing, and for returning it to the centrifugal pump
casing.
My improvements also refer to other arrangements for lubricating the
journals of horizontal shafts and axles, and consist in forming one or more
hollows or cavities, or applying a box so as to form one or more hollows or
cavities under the bearing to be lubricated, and in filling these hollows with
lubricating matter till it comes nearly to the under side of the shaft; then in
fixing to or forming upon the bearing or shaft one or more pipes or channels
partly encircling the shaft and rotating with it; one end of this pipe or pipes
being open so as to dip into and scoop up a quantity of the lubricating matter
at each revolution of the shaft, which is forced through one or
small holes in the side of the pipe or pipes, and falls upon the journal to be
lubricated; one or more pipes may be used, if one, it may be placed in tho
middle of the bearing, or at the side, and one pipe may be used at each side.
This system of lubricating can be applied to existing shafting by attaching
suitable boxes and communicating pipe or pipes to the pedestals to supply the
lubricating matter, and catch the surplus discharged from the journal, and
this system of lubricating is also applicable to the thrust pedestals of screw
propeller shafts.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Stead Crosland in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 18th February 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
5 STEAD CROSLAND, of Ashton-under-Tyne, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Iler most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said James Stead Crosland, Her special license that I, the said James
Stead Crosland, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said James Stead Crosland, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATING, AND IN ARRANGEMENTS AND MECHANISM FOR
LUBRICATING THE BEARINGS, JOURNALS, OR STEPS OF SPINDLES, SHAFTS, AXLES,
AND OTHER MECHANISM," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
James Stead Crosland, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
scal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said In-
vention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six_calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Stead Crosland, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say :-
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, reference being had to the
accompanying three Sheets of Drawings, the same letters of reference
indicating corresponding parts throughout all the Figures.
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 9, 10, 10, 11, 11, 12, 12, 126, 18, 19,
18, 14, 14, 14, 15, and 16, on Sheet No. 1 of the Drawings are transverse
sections, and Figures 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29,
30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, and 39 are plans respectively of the same,
shewing my improved footstep bearings of spindles and similar mechanism,
with the footstep rails hollow, tubular, or with cavities below the footstep
where rails do not exist.
A represents the footstep, the lower end of which comes into the hollow, so
that the footstep by a holo a drilled through its centre can be made to
communicate with the bottom or cavity b, which forms a reservoir for the
lubricating matter, if required, and for the purpose of producing a circulation
of the lubricating matter, drawn up from the reservoir 6 by the centrifugal

page_text: action of the foot of the spindle B, a hole or space c may be made down the
side of the footstep A, so as to form a communication between the upper
cavity of the footstep and the reservoir 6; or passages or channels d may be
formed to catch and retain any overflow from the footstep, and convey it back
to the reservoir 6; holes e, e, may be made horizontally from the bottom of
the footstep A, so that the lubricating matter may circulate up the centre
hole a, and out of the sides of the footstep back to the reservoir b.
Figures 1 and 7 represent section of my improved hollow or tubular footstep
rail C; and Figures 2 and 3 shewing improved application of a box or bottom
plate ff, by which means the rails of existing machinery may be made hollow
or tubular for the herein-before mentioned purposes.
Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 9, 10, 10, 11, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16 on Sheet
No. 1, are sections of footsteps placed in cups, tubes, or boxes C', which form
the cavity, hollow, or reservoir b. In Figures 6, 8, 12, and 13, the footsteps A
are composed of lignum vitæ by preference. Figures 24 and 24 are plans of
Figure 8, shewing Figure 8 as a rail or cup respectively. A is the lignum
vita step, Figures 9, 9", 10, 10%, 11, 11, and their respective plans.
Figures 25, 26, 27, 28, and 29, shew the passages or channels a, c, e, d,
which catch and retain any overflow from the footstep, and convey it back
to the reservoir b, and are formed by a thin saw cut across the footstep,
in any of the directions shewn in the Figures.
Figures 13, 14, 15, and 16, Sheet No. 1, with the respective plans and
portions shewn in detail represent my improvements as applied to the foot-
steps of vertical shafts. My improvements here consist in the application of
the cup or box C' to form the necessary cavity for lubricating matter. In
some cases for vertical shafts a stuffing box or receptacle for packing at 9, 9', 9",
will be required to prevent the escape of lubricating matter, which is
propelled by the force of the centrifugal pump P through the pike K to the
cavity or reservoir 6 of the footstep, from which it ascends through the hole or
passage in the body of the shaft, and is returned or delivered into the
casing p of the centrifugal pump P by the pipe d". The receptacle h contains
the overflow and reserve of lubricating matter. Figure 39 is a plan of the
revolving part P of the centrifugal pump, which may be modified as may be
desired in many ways, several of which are shewn in the Drawings.
My improvements in the footsteps of vertical shafts or spindles do not consist
simply in making a hole in the centre of footstep for the admission of
lubricating matter, but also in producing the circulation of the said lubricating
matter before described in reference to spindles, and they further consist in

page_text: cutting or taking away the neutral revolving bearing a" of the foot of footstep.
and in these instances in distributing the weight and pressure on well lubricated
collars c" containing a largely developed surface unobtainable in a common
footstep. In applying this improvement to an existing footstep shown at
Figure 14, I use a moveable cylindrical shoe or bush c¹¹, composed of steel
or other suitable metal, having collars c" cast or formed upon it, and which I
secure to the foot b' of the vertical shaft B; I then apply the collar, bushes, or
clips A', which are formed in halves, leaving holes or passages c, as shewn
at A' in Figures 13, 14, 14, 16, 33, 34, 36, 37, and 88, and are encased
in the cup or box C', containing lubricating matter. Figures 40 and 41, of
which 42 is a plan on Sheet No. 1.
Figures 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, and 53, of which 54 and 55 are
plans, represent my improvements applied to the bolster or upper collar rail.
C, C, are the rails which contain the lubricating matter at b', b¹¹; and 7, 1, is
the packing shewn in receptacles on the under side. This packing is not
intended for lubricating purposes. for mule spindles, but its purpose is to
prevent the escape of lubricating matter, and can be applied vertically or
laterally; clips m and screws act against the packing, or it is pressed down
by the inner collar o. When water is the lubricating agent the receptacles
containing it should be tinned or galvanized.
Figures 15, 16, and 39, on Sheet No. 1, Figures 56, 56, 57, 57ª,57b, 58,
59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, and 71, on Sheet No. 2, and
Figures 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88,
89, 90, and 91 represent my improved arrangements of scooping pipe D, or
my improved arrangement of scooping channels x, or the part P, which I fix
upon the shaft to act as a centrifugal pump, and which, or any of them, being
carried round by the shaft propel the lubricating matter in which they rotate
to the upper part of the casing, vessel, pedestal, journal, or bearing, and by
which means a copious circulation of the lubricating matter is obtained.
My improvements relate to the use of centrifugal pumps for lubricating
purposes, but I wish it to be understood that I do not bind myself to a
technicality, that each and every of the parts which I fix upon the shaft
shall be strictly speaking a centrifugal pump, but that they shall act by
propelling the lubricating matter round with the force required for the distri-
bution desired.
Figures 15 and 16 of which Figure 39 is a plan, Sheet No. 1, and Figure
91, on Sheet No. 3, represent my improved footstep, which is equally well
adapted for horizontal or vertical shafts, and also represent one of my appli-

page_text: cations of the ordinary, and well known centrifugal pump, for lubricating
purposes, as do also Figures 58 and 59, on Sheet No. 2, and Figures 72,
73, 74, and 91, on Sheet No. 8. The revolving part P, having the usual
fans, vanes, flappers, or paddles a, s, common to all centrifugal pumps. In
Figures 74, 75, and 76, those fans, vanes, flappers, or paddles 8, s, are
unnecessary, as these are intended for shafts running at high velocities.
And their centrifugal action is due only to high velocity.
Figure 74 shews two plain discs P of large diameter, and is a sufficient
centrifugal pump; and Figures 75 and 76 only shew one disc P; placing
these discs or disc in the middle, or near the outer ends of the journal or
bearing, and also as shewn in Figure 64, the pump case p. the passages d, d,
and the annular spaces e, e, are important features in my improvements,
expressly in using water as the lubricating medium; the passages or channels
d, d, are shewn cast, and formed in the solid plummer block G', but they may
be cast and formed in the moveable bushes or steps G", as shown in Figure 75*,
which is a transverse section of the movable bushes or steps. Figures 82
and 83 differ from Figures 74 and 75 in having the periphery of its disc
cupped and rounded inwards, thus forming a channel in which the water rolls
round, and is skimmed out by the pipe t'; and they also differ in being applied
to the exterior of the journal or bearing, and work in a box, pocket, or pump
case "secured to the end of the pedestal or bearing. I use this arrange-
ment, Figures 82 and 83, in combination with water lubrication only.
Figure 58 is a front view, and Figure 59 a section, Sheet No. 2; Figure 72
and 74 is a front view, and Figure 73 a section, Sheet No. 3; and these also
represent my application of the centrifugal pump P for lubricating purposes,
possessing its customary fans, vanes, flappers, or paddles 8, 8, 8. The water or
oil which is drawn into the pump fan at the part a nearest the centre is driven
round between the discs, which converge rapidly towards the periphery, to
give force, and concentrate the water or oil which issues out (in these instances
Figure 74 excepted) sideways or laterally into the groove which is formed
on the side of the pedestal; in the upper part of the pedestal the groove k
communicates with the passage d', which distributes the lubricating liquid to
the bearing, and if required to any other bearing or bearings within range, tho
propelling force being very considerable, and which method is shewn in
Figures 56 and 57.
Figures 56, 56, 57, 57, 57, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, and 68,
Sheet No. 2, and Figures 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, and 90,
Sheet No. 3, represent my improved arrangement, method, and application of
the tube or pipe D, which tube or pipe in revolving scoops oil or water from

page_text: receptacles or cavities below the shaft, and ejects or spurts out that fluid with
a force proportionate to the degree or extent in which the said tube or pipe is
entwined round the said shaft, considered with its velocity. Generally the
tube or pipe D will not require to be entwined upon the shaft moro than
three-fourths of its circumference, and this must be regulated or determined
as circunstances require, for when great propelling force is required, the
pipe D may be entwined many times round the shaft, as shewn in Figure 66.
The section of the tubo or pipe D may be of a circular, square, or other form,
and composed of tin, lead, copper, iron, or other suitable material.
Figure 67, of which 68 is a front view, shews one of my improved arrange-
ments and applications of the revolving pipe D for lubricating purposes; in
this case it is applied or placed in the middle of the journal or bearing, whilst
in Figure 64 it is shewn applied near to one end of the bearing, a portion of
bearing answering the purpose of a screen to prevent the escape of
lubricating matter. The very position or mode of placing the lubricating
pipe or tube D, as shewn in these Figures, is an important novel feature in
their application and use. The pipe or tube may be entwined upon the shaft
according to the method shewn in the front views 68 or 68. y, is the scoop
end of the pipe d", the hole or holes through which the oil or water is spirted
or ejected lubricating the shaft all the way round with a continuous stream,
spreading along the journal until it is skimmed or falls into the annular
space e at the end or ends of the journal, and passing through the channels dd,
to the pump case p, and is thus worked over and over again.
Figures 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, and 91, on
Sheet No. 8, represent important novel additions to and improvements in the
journals or bearings of existing (or otherwise) horizontal shafts and similar
mechanism, by which the said shafts may be automatically lubricated, and
according to the modes, methods, or combinations shewn and described in
reference to all the former Figures. I provide and adapt a suitable dish or
box E, which may be composed of tin or other suitable material. This dish
or box is sufficiently capacious to contain the lower portion of the journal,
bearing, pedestal, hanger, or other support of the shaft. I then fill up the
dish or box E with water or other lubricating matter till it reaches nearly to
the under side of the shaft; I next fix upon the shaft any of my centrifugal
apparatus, or any of my scooping apparatus before described which will dip
into and scoop up from the box or dish below a quantity of water, or any
suitable lubricating matter at each revolution of the shaft, and lubricating the
journal as before described.
My improvements also consist in forming cavities, chambers, or pockets on

page_text: the end of otherwise plain removable brasses or other bushes or steps of
journals, or bearings of shafts, and similar mechanism, and in connecting the
said cavities, chambers, or pockets thus formed on the ends of the said bushes
or steps by an exterior communicating pipe F or channel F', which renders
them applicable and adapted without the slightest derangement, injury, or
alteration to all or any existing or otherwise plummer blocks, pedestals,
hangers, carriages, or bearings. The channel F¹ or pipe F circumscribes and
is carried clear of the other portions of the journal or bearing, and used for
lubricating purposes generally, as with oil or water. These improved steps or
brasses may be employed in combination with any other known means and con-
trivance of lubricating apparatus revolving with the shaft, and also as shewn
in Figures 79, 79, 79, 79, 85, 87, 88, 89, 89, and 90 on Sheet No. 8.
These improved bushes or steps G, E, with the improved application of
exterior communicating pipes F or channels F are applicable to all plummer
blocks, pedestals, hangers, carriages, or bearings of journals of shafts and
similar mechanism, which, under ordinary circumstances, are usually fitted or
provided with bushes or steps of the plain and simple form G, shewn in
Figures 78, 78, 78, 78°, and 80 on Sheet No. 8.
Figures 79 and 79 are views of the improved bushes or steps G, E, and
either of these views may be regarded as a vertical or a horizontal section,
namely, as elevation, or as a plan, and of which Figuro 79b is a longitudinal,
and Figure 79° a transverse section; the exterior pipe F or channel F
circulates or returns the lubricating matter discharged from the cavity,
chamber, or pocket e', e',,to the cavity, chamber, or pocket p' at the opposito
end of the bush or step G, E, in which may work any of the centrifugal or
scooping apparatus before described, or any other lubricating disc, collar, or
other contrivanco working and revolving with the shaft for lubricating the
journal with oil, or with water. The passage or channel F¹ may be cast or
formed with an open top in shape of a gutter channel, for the convenience of
cleaning it out, and a cover r³ provided to exclude dust and dirt; or if a plain
bent pipe is applied in preference, it may be coupled and jointed in any
manner convenient; or two pipes or channels forming a torns or double
channel round the journal or bearing may be used. In some instances I
introduce the portion of bearing or screen f", forming also an outer channel
or recess e¹¹, as described in reference to Figure 6.4.
Figure 60, on Sheet No. 2, and Figures 85, 86, and 88, represent improved
modes of securing the revolving tube or pipe D, to the shaft, and also an
improved mode by which the distribution of lubricating matter may be effected.
I apply a ring or revolving channel in halves II, or in one piece forming a

page_text: groove or grooves h, h, into which the jet holes d, in the revolving pipo
communicate, and into which the lubricating matter is forced, and is thus
charged with the liquid all round, communicating with the passage k', on the
upper side of the bearing, which is thus copiously lubricated. The tube or
pipe D may be either bent round upon the ring or channel, as shewn in
Figures 85 and 86, or it may be placed by the side of the ring, as shewn in
Figure 88, and also in Figure 60, Sheet No. 2, in which the ring has no
groove or channel, but a groove is formed on the face of the bearing, which
answers the same purpose.
Figures 87, 89, and 89, represent another mode of fixing the revolving
tube or pipe D to the shaft, and also an improved mode of conveying the fluid
discharged from the revolving tube or pipe D, unobstructedly into the middle
of the journal or bearing to be lubricated or to a distant bearing; I form or
cut a channel V in the body of the shaft, or I sink a part V into the body of the
journal of the shaft, forming a tube or channel for conveying the lubricating
matter into or through any journal or bearing, or through any wheel or boss,
so as not to interfere or obstruct the working face of such journal or shaft.
The outer surface V of the channel V is turned and faced true with the
shaft so as not to obstruct it working surface beyond the journal, as in
Figure 90. The channel may protrude in the form of a pipe out of the
shaft as seen at V", in Figure 90, in which F is the communicating pipe; G',
the bearing, and P' or D' one of the improved centrifugal or scoop lubricators,
and its casing; W is a wheel intervening between the lubricator and the
bearing to be lubricated through the medium of my improved application of
communicating pipe or channel V. Figure 69, 70, and 71, Sheet No. 2,
and Figures 39ª, 39, and 71", Sheet No. 1, also represent the channel or
channels, which like any centrifugal pump may be provided with fans, vanes,
flappers, or paddles, constituting the part which I fix or form upon the shaft
and rotating with it, one end y' of the channel or channels being open so as
to dip into and scoop up a quantity of the lubricating matter at each revolution
of the shaft, and falls upon the journal, these channels may be of any form
required, and as before stated may assimilate to the form, as much as
desirable, of a centrifugal pump, provided with fans, vanes, or paddles,
disposed in any shape, or form whatever, of which several examples are
exhibited in the Drawings, if formed as shewn in Figure 39", of which
Figure 39, is a plan in Sheet No. 1, the lubricating matter may enter
at z, z, the point nearest the centre of rotation, as usual in centrifugal pumps,
and it may also enter at the ends y of the channels X, being open, so as to
dip into and scoop up a quantity of lubricating matter at each revolution

page_text: of the shaft, and falls upon the journal, in some cases a catcher or dish t',
will collect it for distribution, or conduct it into the passage d', but this
catcher or dish is seldom required. In some cases one channel or scoop X,
as shewn in Figure 69, will be sufficient, the scoop X in revolving scoops up a
quantity of lubricating matter in passing the lower recess Y', and is carried
up till it arrives at the upper recess t, t', where it falls upon the shaft from
the opening in the side of the channel or scoop X, and passes along the
cavity d to the middle of the bearing. Figure 71 shews four channels or
scoops with side or end openings. Figures 39 and 71° shew several
channels, which may be of considerable length in the direction lengthwise of
the shaft, when large quantities of lubricating matter is required. Figure 91
represents one of my modes or n.ethods of lubricating the thrust bearings
of a screw propeller shaft with water, the thrust bearing here shown is one
of the ordinary construction in all respects having the usual collars of a
thrust bearing, and this arrangement of thrust bearing I render applicable to
the footstep bearings of large vertical shafts, which is an important feature
of my improvements, the general arrangement is likewise applicable to the
principle and intermediate bearings of horizontal shafts, I add an outer casing
D' or P, and also to vertical shafts, by forming a stuffing box or receptacle
for packing at the position marked 9', 9", at one side of the journal or
bearing to prevent the escape of lubricating matter, or if for horizontal shafts
by providing means as before described, in reference to Figures 79, 85, 90,
and 91, for catching lubricating matter discharged from the bearing, and
for returning it to centrifugal or scooping lubricator casing D' or P',
through the pipes d", d"; k, k, are the communicating pipes to the pedestals
to supply the lubricating matter, and d" takes tho surplus discharge from
each journal, and this system of lubricating is also applicable to the thrust
pedestals of screw propeller shafts.
My improvements in lubricating having in view mainly the use of water as
) a lubricating matter, consists in mixing with the said water some oil and
adding a little alkali, which, with the friction of the revolving parts, imme-
diately forms a solution of soap; I also find it advisable to use a solution of
soft soap.
It is beneficial to strain the water through the ashes of wood. In
some cases a mixture composed of tallow, blacklead, and soft soap, or any of
5 those ingredients singly may be used, placed in touching contact with the
shaft in a recess of the cap of the journal, as in Figures 73 and 81 on Sheet
No. 3.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into

page_text: effect, I would observe in conclusion that I do not confino or restrict myself to
the preciso details or arrangements which I have described or referred to, as
many variations may be made therefrom without deviating from the purpose
or main features of the said Invention; and I wish it to be understood that I
do not claim the use of water for lubricating horizontal shafts when supplied
continuously or intermitently by pipe or syphons to one or more journals or
bearings, the water being obtained from a head or reserve and conveyed by
pipes, or when returned or collected by an ordinary lifting pump or pumps
from a common cistern or conduit pipes beneath; nor do I claim the use of
water for lubricating horizontal shafts when the said shafts are in any way
immersed and revolve in water, or when used in journals professedly made
water-tight with the shaft, as in the case of certain railway axle boxes in which
the water is drained off altogether along the under sides of the step or
bush of the journal, and in which there does not. exist any under or lower
bearing step or bush; but what I consider to be novel and original and there-
fore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent, is,―
Firstly, the peculiar application, combination, and use of water, which I
recommend should be treated as before described for lubricating horizontal
shafts and similar mechanism, that is to say, when the said water is used over
and over again and contained in boxes, circulating channels, and communi-
cating pipes, or in open dishes placed or formed beneath, practically clear of
the shaft, and expressly, when the under or lower brass or other bushes or
steps are the supports of the shaft, and when the said water is scooped up by
any of my improved scoops, or any mere modification thereof, revolving with
the shaft, or when pumped up by any of my improved centrifugal arrange-
ments, or any mere modification thereof, lifting the water from the under to
the upper side of the shaft, expressly when the water is drained off at the ends
of the steps or bushes of the journal into spaces or receptacles formed for that
purpose at one or both ends thereof, and the water is then conducted into
cavities, circulating channels, or communicating pipes, or falls into open dishes
placed or formed at the ends or beneath, to be again and again elevated to
lubricate the journal or bearing, and as shewn and described in reference to all
the Figures in the three Sheets of Drawings hereunto annexed.
Secondly, the improved arrangement of scooping pipe for lubricating hori-
zontal shafts with oil or with water, substantially as shewn and described in
reference to Figures 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, and 68, Sheet No. 2,
Figures 78, 79, 80, 85, 87, 88, 89, and 89°, Sheet No. 3.

page_text: Thirdly, the improved arrangements of scooping channels for lubricating
horizontal shafts with oil or with water, as shown and described.
Fourthly, the application and use of any of the well-known or otherwise
centrifugal pumps for lubricating purposes, substantially as shewn and
described.
Fifthly, the method of forming cavities, chambers, or pockets on the ends of
otherwise plain, removeable, or portable brass, or other bushes or steps of
journals, or bearings of shafts, and similar mechanism, combined with the
improved method of an exterior or interior communicating pipe or channel, in
combination with the use of water as a lubricating agent, and furnished with
any suitable scoop, disc, or collar revolving with the shaft, and as shewn and
described in reference to Figures 75, 79, 79, 79, 79, 79, 85, 87, 88, 89,
89, and 90, Sheet No. 3.
Sixthly, the method of conveying oil or water from one end to the other of
a journal or bearing in or by any communicating pipe or channel carried
exterior of the supports of the bushes, journal box, or steps of such journal or
bearing, the shaft being then lubricated by any scoop, disc, collar, or other
contrivance revolving with the shaft.
Seventhly, the improved arrangement of footsteps with collars, and also the
improved application of a moveable cylindrical collar shoe for vertical shafts
for purposes of improved lubrication, shewn and described in reference to
Figures 12, 18, 14, 14, 15, and 16, Sheet No. 1.
Eighthly, the improved arrangements and combinations in the footsteps of
spindles and vertical shafts, and in the upper collar rails, substantially as
shewn and described.
Ninthly, the application and use of dishes or boxes in combination with
water as a lubricating agent, and as shewn and described in reference to
Figures 77, 78, 80, and 81.
Tenthly, the improved arrangements and combinations for lubricating hori-
zontal shafts with water, as shewn and described in reference to Figures 72,
73, 74, 75, and 76.
Eleventhly, the improved arrangements and combinations for lubricating
horizontal shafts with oil or with water, as shewn and described in reference to
Figures 72, 73, 74, and 84.
Twelfthly, the arrangement and constructive formation of plummer blocks
having passages or channels marked d, spaces e, e, disc, scoop, or pump
chamber P, or the screen marked f", in combination with water as the lubri-
cating agent, and as shewn and described in resference to Figures 64 and 67,
Sheet No. 2, and Figures 74, 75, and 76, Sheet No. S.

page_text: Thirteenthly, the method of forming a channel in the body of the shaft for
conveying lubricating matter, as shewn and described in reference to Figures
87, 89, 89, and 90.
Fourteenthly, the arrangement and constructive formation of centrifugal
pump, or centrifugal disc or discs, with or without vanes or flappers, and in
which the fluid enters between two cylindrical plates or discs in their inner
circumferences, or as near their centre as possible, and in revolving is cast by
centrifugal force from between the outer circumferences parallel or at right
angles to the axis of the shaft, for the purpose of lubricating the said said shaft
in any of its journals or bearings, and as shewn and described in reference
to Figures 58 and 59, on Sheet No. 2, and Figures 72, 73, and 74, Sheet
No. 8.
Fifteenthly, galvanizing or tinning the receptacles containing water when
the same is used for purposes of lubrication.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Stead Crosland, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of February, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
J. S. CROSLAND. (L.S.)