IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF SIZING, STIFFENING, AND OTHERWISE PREPARING YARN FOR WEAVING, AND IN APPARATUS FOR DYEING, SIZING, STIFFENING, AND OTHERWISE PREPARING YARN
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Maximilian Baerlein, of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Merchant, for the Invention of “ IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE PROCESS OF SIZING, STIFFENING, AND OTHERWISE PREPARING YARN
FOR WEAVING, AND IN APPARATUS FOR DYEING, SIZING, STIFFENING, AND
OTHERWISE PREPARING YARN."
Sealed the 17th March 1874, and dated the 5th December 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Maximilian Baerlein
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 5th December 1878.
I, MAXIMILIAN BAERLEIN, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF SIZING, STIFFENING, AND OTHERWISE PREPARING
YARN FOR WEAVING, AND IN APPARATUS FOR DYEING, SIZING, STIFFENING, AND
OTHERWISE PREPARING YARN," to be as follows:-
My improved process for sizing, stiffening, and otherwise preparing
yarn for weaving consists in winding the yarn on to a perforated roller,
or beam, or other equivalent, and then forcing through it water, alkali,

page_text: or other fluid, or liquid, or steam, for cleansing the yarn and preparing
the fibres or hair, to absorb the sizing, or stiffening, or other preparing
material, and then removing if requisite, the water or fluid by forcing
steam or air through the yarn.
My improved apparatus for dyeing, sizing, stiffening, and otherwise 5
preparing yarn consists inta novel arrangement of the rollers for guiding
the yarn through the dye, size, glue, or other liquid, and for squeezing
the said liquid into the yarn previous to drying it.
The yarn before entering the trough containing any of the above-
named liquids passes over a roller, which by preference is partly immersed 1
in the said liquids. This roller is pressed against a second roller or bowl,
a portion of which is running in the liquid; in contact with this is a
third roller. One of the three rollers may be driven direct by a side
shaft, or otherwise, and thereby imparts the requisite motion to the two
others by friction. I place, by preference, two of the rollers in such a 1
position that the nip is within the size or other liquid, thereby squeezing
out the air and causing the liquid to penetrate more easily the yarn.
By the above described arrangement the yarn is in no part running
unsupported whilst in the process of passing through and being saturated
by the liquid, but is altogether supported by the surface of the rollers, 2
thereby preventing twisting or stringing.
The driving roller is made by preference of metal to insure accuracy;
and I place this roller above the level of the liquid, so that when hot
liquids are employed they do not heat the roller and thus bake the yarn
to the surface when the apparatus is stopped.
In some cases additional squeezing or other rollers may be employed
and driven by friction from any of the above named three rollers.
2

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-seventh
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Maximilian Baerlein, Her special licence that
I, the said Maximilian Baerlein, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Maximilian Baerlein, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, exercise, use, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE PROCESS OF SIZING, STIFFENING, AND OTHERWISE PREPARING YARN FOR WEAVING,
AND IN APPARATUS FOR DYEING, SIZING, STIFFENING, AND OTHERWISE PREPARING
YARN," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Maximilian
Baerlein, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Maximilian Baerlein, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement (that is to say) :-
My improved process for sizing, stiffening, and otherwise preparing
yarn for weaving consists in winding the yarn on to a perforated roller,
or beam, or other equivalent, and then forcing through it water, alkali,
or other fluid, or liquid, or steam, for cleansing the yarn and preparing
the fibres or hair, to absorb the sizing or stiffening, or other preparing
material, and then removing, if requisite, the water or fluid by forcing
steam or air through the yarn.
The object of this part of my Invention is to remove the greasy
substances and mechanically adhering dirt in cotton, linen, woollen, or
other fibrous yarn, which in some cases are natural in the fibre, and in
some yarns are put into the raw or prepared material to facilitate the
spinning

page_text: My Invention also relates to boiling and steaming yarn previous to
sizing, stiffening, and otherwise preparing or treating it, and thereby
opening the pores and causing the yarn better to absorb the liquids
through which it has to pass, and also by the contraction of the fibres
making the yarn stronger and smoother.
All the above processes have been previously applied to yarn in cops,
warps, and hanks, but the object of my Invention is to so treat grey
yarn whilst it is wound on a beam, or roller, or other equivalent.
In my improved process the yarn is wound on a perforated beam,
roller, cylinder, winch, or cage, or other equivalent, which is so con-
structed that water, steam, washing liquor, or other fluid or liquid for
cleansing the yarn and preparing the fibres or hair can be forced through
the yarn, either from inside the barrel or from the outside, and make its
way through the yarn.
The water, or washing liquor, or other fluid or liquid is forced through
the yarn in the cold, warm, or boiling state, either by a force pump,
pressure of steam, vacuum, or otherwise, or any of these combined; and
the boiling state may be kept up without the necessity of forcing con-
tinually boiling water or other fluid or liquid through it by immersing
the beam altogether in boiling water or other fluid or liquid heated
by steam pipes, or otherwise.
"
When these processes, or any of them, are completed the yarn is
taken to the machine for drying, and, if necessary, for sizing, stiffening,
and otherwise preparing and dressing it; in doing so I wind the yarn
off one or more beams or rollers on to one or more other beams or rollers, :
between which the yarn may pass through a trough or troughs con-
taining liquids or fluids, for the purposes above described, or for
astringing, mordanting, dyeing, bleaching, or otherwise treating it. The
yarn is taken to this machine either in the perfectly wet state or after
having previously been subjected to some partial drying by removing a
the free water or liquid by squeezing rollers, or the force of steam, or by
vacuum caused by exhaust pump, or exhaust fan, or by centrifugal
power, or by forcing hot air through the yarn, or by a combination of
any two or more of these processes.
If convenient my improved process can also be performed whilst the
beams are in the creel of a machine.

page_text: .My improved apparatus for dyeing, sizing, stiffening, and otherwise
preparing yarn consists in a novel arrangement of the rollers for guiding
the yarn through the dye, size, glue, or dyeing, astringent, mordant, or
other liquid or fluid, and for squeezing the said liquid or fluid into the .
yarn previous to drying it.
The yarn before entering the trough or cistern a, shewn at Fig. 1 of
the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, passes over the roller b, which by
preference is partly immersed in the liquid in the trough a; this roller
is pressed against a second roller or bowl o, partly or wholly immersed
in the liquid; in contact with and above this is a third roller d; which
is or may be provided with a top roller e. One of the three rollers b; c, d,
and by preference the roller d, may be driven direct by a side shaft in
connection with some other roller of a machine to which the trough is
attached, or otherwise, and thereby imparts the requisite motion to the
others by friction over the whole width of the rollers without the yarn
having as in other troughs or sow boxes to drive any of the rollers. I
place, by preference, the rollèrs 6 and o in such a position that the nip is
within the liquid, thereby squeezing out the air and causing the liquid
to penetrate more easily the yarn.
The driving roller d is made by preference of metal to insure accuracy ;
and I place this roller by preference above the level of the liquid, so
that when hot pasty liquids are employed they do not heat the roller
and thus bake the yarn to the surface when the apparatus is stopped.
The roller d is supported in fixed bearings, and the roller c is held in
contact with it by the weighted chains and levers shewn, or by other
means, and the bearings of the roller 6 are placed diagonally, so that the
roller 6 may press against the roller c by gravity, and by this arrange-
ment motion is imparted to the immersion rollers by one of them being
pressed upwards against the driving roller.
Fig. 2 represents a modification of my Invention. In this arrangement
the roller d is or may be driven from the side shaft, or otherwise; and
the rollers b, c, are pressed against it by their own weight and held in
position by means of the levers 6¹, c³, acting on the axles of the rollers;
these levers are connected on both sides of the trough by the racks g, g,
and pinion h; the two pinions are connected by a shaft, so that by
turning them on either side of the trough the action is alike on both
sides. Above the roller c is the roller e; some of the rollers, and
h
par-

page_text: ticularly the press roller e, are by preference covered with flannel.
Above the roller e is shown a top roller f, which is intended to act as a
finishing roller, but this may be omitted if preferred. When the machine
is at work the yarn passes partly around the roller 6 which bears upon
the roller d, then it passes under the roller d, and thence partly over the
roller c; it then passes between the rollers cand e by which the excess
of liquid is squeezed out, and thence by preference it passes to the
drying or dressing portion of the machine when no top roller f is
employed, but when a top roller is applied the yarn is again squeezed
between the rollers e and f before being dried or dressed. By turning a
handle applied to the pinion h the levers 6¹, o³, are moved by the racks g
nearer to or further from each other, and as the axles of the rollers b
and c bear against the said levers the rollers are raised or lowered in the
trough according to the position of the levers. When stopping the
machine for a long time the levers are set so far apart that the rollers
are entirely immersed in the liquid, or until the levers rest against the
stops i, as shewn by blue circles, and when the rollers b, c, are in this
position the axle of the roller e is supported at the bottom of the slot in
which it works. By this arrangement the yarn is subjected to two nips
in the liquid, and motion is imparted to the immersion rollers by their
gravity against the driving roller, and as in Fig. 1 all the rollers are
driven by friction over the whole width of the rollers. The yarn in this
arrangement may also be brought over a guide roller, shewn in dotted
lines, above the roller b, then pass under the roller b, over the roller d,
then under the roller c, and then round e, and thence to the drying
portion of the machine.
Fig. 3 represents another modification of this part of my Invention.
The axles of the rollers b, c, revolve on both sides of the trough in the
arms of the double lever k, and the roller 6 from its position assisted by
not being immersed to the same extent as the roller o presses the roller c
against the under side of the roller d, which by preference is of metal,
and which is or may be driven by the side shaft, and provided with a
top roller e; as before described the yarn is pressed between the rollers
b, c, the nip of the rollers being below the level of the liquid in the
trough. The axle of the roller 6 revolving in diagonal slots in the
levers / causes this roller to press against the roller c, and all the rollers
as in the previous arrangements are driven by friction from the roller d
without the strain on the yarn. Each of the double levers k is mounted
on an axle which is guided in diagonal slots, and when it is desirable to
-

page_text: remove the yarn out of the liquid the top roller e is removed and the
axles of the levers k are moved upwards in the said slots. The centres
of the rollers b and c must follow the course indicated by the blue
dotted line, and as soon as the position of the centre of the roller c
becomes horizontal with the centre of d the roller o looses its support of
the roller & and the rollers b and c are then swivelled partly round; the
position of the rollers b and c is then that shewn by the blue full line,
and it is also shown on the Drawing that the yarn is then out of the
liquid and in no contact with any roller connected with the trough but
it follows in the direction of the dotted red line, whilst when the yarn is.
passing through the liquid in the trough it is taken from between the
rollers d and e, as shown by the full red line.
In Fig. 4 I shew a similar arrangement of rollers to that shewn in
Fig. 2, but in this case the driving roller d'drives only one roller or
bowl o which is partly immersed in the liquid, and the yarn is guided on
to this roller by passing round the guide roller m, it then passes under o
and over the squeezing roller n, or two separate rollers for guiding and
squeezing may be used in place of n.
By the arrangements of all the modifications above described the yarn
is in no part left unsupported whilst moving in the liquid or fluid in the
trough but is continually in contact with the surface of the rollers,
thereby preventing twisting or stringing.
"
I wish to remark that the number, position, and arrangement of the
rollers may be varied, and also that although in the annexed Drawings
5 only single troughs are shown I employ, if necessary, any successive
number of troughs; and when more troughs are used I by preference
make the rollers which impart motion to the other rollers in each trough
all of the same diameter, and drive them by one and the same side shaft.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, and described the
O manner of performing the same, I wish to say that I do not limit myself
to the details given, but what I claim as my Invention is,―
First. The steaming, boiling, washing, and otherwise cleansing of
grey yarn by subjecting it to the action of steam, water, or washing and
cleansing liquids and fluids when wound on a beam, roller, or other
5 equivalent.
Secondly. Drving the wet varn on a beam or roller, as described

page_text: Thirdly. The peculiar combinations of rollers in the troughs for
saturating yarn with liquids or fluids; also the mode of communicating
motion to them, as shewn and described, or any mere modification
thereof acting in the same or a similar manner.
Fourthly. Introducing yarn into the trough whilst in contact with a t
roller, and letting it pass over and under a succession of rollers without
being anywhere unsupported whilst subjected to the action of the liquid
or fluid.
Fifthly. Causing the rollers to press against each other by employing
a double lever, as shewn and described in reference to Fig. 3.
Sixthly. The peculiar arrangement for immersing the rollers in the
trough, as shewn and described in reference to Fig. 2.
And, lastly. The mode of lifting yarn out of the trough and free-
ing it from contact with rollers by the employment of double levers
swivelling on a pivot, as shewn and described with reference to Fig. 3. - 1
In witness whereof, I, the said Maximilian Baerlein, have hereto
set my hand and seal, this Second day of June, One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-four.
MLA ALIVELLIAN -BAEKLEIN. (L.8.)