Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Nov.,
1897
Complete Specification Left, 16th Aug., 1898-Accepted, 22nd Oct.,
1898
I, VINCENT WILLIS, of Rochester Terrace, Camden Town, in the County of Middle-
sex, Organ Builder, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This
The object of this invention is to bring the means of control more conveniently
and perfectly under command of the hands and feet of the performer.
necessitates an improvement in the wind supply to the pipe work, to prevent the
increased facility with which instantaneous demands can be made on it, causing
fluctations in the wind pressure, and thereby adversely affecting the utterance of
the pipes. To accomplish this object,-I cause the draw stops to respond to a touch
of the finger, arrange the manual claviers in a more convenient manner than hereto-
fore, amend the construction of the pedal clavier, and provide for additonal wind
supply to the pipe work, whenever the occasion requires it.
The draw stops, or some equivalent, control the pipes of an organ in ranks or stops.
The old form of draw stops cannot be manipulated with sufficient rapidity to
satisfy modern requirements.
To overcome this difficulty, various forms of double-ended, hinged, rocking, and
sliding stop keys have been invented, to enable a touch of the finger to effect the
required result, but all such contrivances necessitate the right spot, as well as the
right stop, being selected.
I prefer to retain the old form of draw stop, and combine it with one of the re-
versing movements in common use in the organ, making the draw-stop its own
reversing key, with the object of causing the draw-stop, when touched, to follow the
finger to the extent of its travel, if in, or to retreat from the finger, if out; a
momentary touch, therefore, is all that is required from the organist to reverse the
position of the draw-stop, and he is relieved of the anxiety of selecting the right spot.
Draw-stops operating as described and fitted with any convenient means by which
the organist can cut off the energy operating them, preferably that of compressed
air, can be used in a novel manner. A combination having been arranged, and the
energy operating the draw-stops cut off, the organist can arrange any succeeding
combination by simply touching the draw-stops, which will not re-arrange themselves,
until the controlling device is operated, and the energy required to move the draw-
stops is set free to do so. The actual condition of the organ is always indicated by
the position of the draw-stops. The arrangement described forms and operates as a
combined draw-stop action, and adjustable combination movement.
The organist's command of the manual claviers, or keyboards, can be facilitated
especially in organs of the first magnitude, which are controlled by five manuals
arranged horizontally one above and behind the other. The distance the upper key-
boards are set back is determined by the length of key necessary for the comfortable
manipulation of the lower manuals, which must not be interfered with, but the
vertical distance between the keys is determined more or less by practical considera-
tion. So arranged, the position of the fifth or upper manual places it almost out of

page_text: To ameliorate this difficulty I arrange the keyboards at convenient inclinations,
radiating from, or intersecting at, a point behind the player; obviously one or more
of the keyboards may be horizontal, and the others conveniently inclined. The key-
frames may now advantageously assume a tapered form, instead of being parallel, as
heretofore, and the vertical distance between the keys may be considerably reduced,
without interfering with the necessary rigidity of key frame.
This inclined arrangement of keyboards permits a more natural position and action
of the hand in the manipulation of the upper keyboards, than the old horizontal
arrangement, and greatly facilitates the manipulation of two keyboards by one
hand; this expedient, therefore, has a value, even in two manual organs.
The construction of the pedal clavier can be amended, and its use thereby
facilitated.
The pedal key, in any type of pedal keyboard, is a lever, hinged or fulcrummed
under the organist, free to move a convenient distance or "touch" at the front of the
"sharp" key. Midway between the front of the sharp and the hinge, therefore, the
travel is halved, and the effort required from the foot at that point doubled.
As the feet must often be crossed in pedal playing, a considerable length of key is
used, and although much practice has made the player unconscious of the unequal
effort, or travel, it is an adverse condition that should be removed. And, as the
average touch must be adequate, that if the sharp keys is unnecessarily deep,
requiring a height of sharp that throws a needless strain on the flexibility of the
foot.
To overcome these imperfections, I secure a parallel or equal travel for the pedal
key by means of coupled levers, bell cranks, or other suitable means. The whole of
the natural key now becomes equally useful, and the necessity for crossing the feet
near the sharp vanishes.
The equal touch permits a lower sharp key, and a more natural position and
action of the foot.
Given a parallel travel to the pedal key, and many possibilities appear. The sharp
keys may be duplicated, and played with the heel. The pedal keyboard, with
duplicated sharps, may be divided centrally and transversely, and two separate pedal
boards become a reality. Two short pedal boards may be arranged one behind the
the other, with the sharps in the usual position.
A pedal keyboard of this construction suggests a promising solution to the
problem of operating the louvres of swell boxes without employing a foot. Many
solutions of this problem have been tried unsuccessfully. The breath of the performer
has been utilized. A manual keybord has been allowed a sinal movement, which
has been employed to operate louvres by means of pneumatic levers, but the power
of the finger is limited, while that of the foot is considerable, and therefore the
pedal keyboard offers far greater facilities than a manual keyboard.
This principle of parallel travel is equally applicable to the manual keys, though
the advantage to the player would not justify the departure from the usual form.
But there are cases in which the expedient would be invaluable.
Increased facilities provided for the organist, increase his power of taxing the
wind supply, and necessitate a corresponding improvement.
In organs of any importance, a supply of wind is stored in a reservoir near the
sound-boards, to the wind-chest of which it is conveyed through wind trunks. The
wind chest or wind trunk is usually fitted with a concussion bellows. A sudden
demand for wind is instantaneously, but momentarily only, supplied by the concussion
bellows, and if the demand is continuous, the reservoir maintains the supply, falling,
and thereby opening a supply valve sufficiently to satisfy the demand, and vice versa.
The reservoir, therefore, operates after the concussion bellows.
More instantaneous assistance from the main supply can be obtained by dividing
the control of the supply valve between the reservoir and concussion bellows. By
this expedient, the instantaneous movement of the concussion bellows initiates an
instant supply of wind direct from the main supply, in advance of any action of the
reservoir. The concussion bellows might operate an independent supply valve, but

page_text: the efficacy of such an arrangement would be dependent on springs maintaining a
constant strength.
The ordinary sound-board wastes, probably, 10 per cent. of wind in transmitting
it from the valves to the pipes. This loss can be avoided and the wind supply
thereby still further improved.
Rubbing slides have long been used in combination with pneumatic levers, and I
now propose to apply this form to the sound-board.
To this end, I mount the upper boards on bearers of suitable thickness, the sides
of which form beds or races for rubbing slides. The bearers are channelled to the
grooves of the sound-board, and to the upper boards, in such a manner that a simple
recess in the slide completes the connection. Light springs keep the slides
wind-tight, and as rubbing slides, even collectively, are more perfectly wind-tight.
than the ordinary pallet, relief valves are necessary. By this construction, the possibility
of "runnings," leakage, and tight slides, beyond the constant resistance due to
friction, is entirely removed, and the good points of the old construction are
retained.
Dated this 16th day of November 1897.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in Organs.
I, VINCENT WILLIS, of Rochester Terrace, Camden Town, in the County of
Middlesex, Organ Builder, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
The object of this invention is to bring the means used for controlling the action
of the organ more conveniently and perfectly than heretofore under command of the
bands and feet of the performer. This necessitates an improvement in the wind
supply to the pipe work, to prevent the increased facility with which instantaneous
demands can be made on it, causing fluctuations in the wind pressure, and thereby
adversely affecting the utterance of the pipes.
It will be convenient, in describing this invention, to divide it into four parts, and
to deal with each part separately.
The first head relates to the operation of the draw stops and controlling keys,
which, whether on or off, will, according to my invention, respond to a touch of the
finger upon the knob or head of the draw-stop, and automatically effect the operation
desired by the player.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 shows, in horizontal section, the means which I employ for attaining this
object. A is a draw-stop, fitted with a stem a, which is free to slide in a sleeve
forming a portion of the rod B, which carries at its inner end a piston 6 fitting a
closed fixed cylinder 6¹. This rod B is supported and free to slide in a fixed guide
under the action of compressed air admitted to the cylinder b¹.
The stem a is pivotted to one end of the bell-crank a¹ fulcrummed in the rod B,
which is slotted to receive it; the other end of this bell-crank is pivotted to a thrust
rod a², which is connected, through a flat spring a³, with the rod B. This rod B
is, at its hollow end, fitted with a flexible compression spiral spring 62, of
suitable strength, for returning the rod with its piston to the normal position, after
being acted upon by the compressed air admitted to the cylinder 61. 63 is an oblique
rear of the piston b.
perforation in the rod B, and immediately in
oblique perforation forms a simple cushioning device, which comes into action when
the rod B is near the end of its travel in either direction.
This

page_text: C is a wind chest containing a supply valve c, the stem C* of which carries also an
escape valve c¹.
c², c³, c, are air passages which are in connection with the wind chest C, and
convey compressed air to and from the piston b. The tube, c5, leading from the
passage c³, serves to convey air to any secondary pneumatic apparatus controlled by
the draw stop or key. This valve stein C may be described as a compound stem, it
being divided into two parts, which are connected together by an elastic metal
hoop c, for the purpose to be presently explained.
The valve stem C* is pivotted to an inverted T-shaped rocker 8, which works
on a fixed fulcrum, and serves to carry a pair of stickers c, c7, which are pivotted
to the opposite ends of the T head.
These stickers alternately receive the thrust of the rod a², and transmit it
through the T rocker to the valve stem C*. Mounted on the stem C* is the
disc of a pneumatic lever c¹0, which serves to enable any pneumatic combining
movement to operate the apparatus described through the tubes c¹¹, c¹².
The elasticity of the hoop connection c must be accurately proportioned to the air
resistance of the valves c, c¹, its object being to ensure the completion of their
travel. c13 is a brake spring connecting the stickers co, c, elastically together,
its object being to prevent recoil at each depression of the stickers.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-
The draw-stop being "in," a momentary pressure from the finger overcomes the
elastic resistance of the spring a³, which supports the thrust rod a², and
the drawstop A, advancing to the position shewn in dotted lines at I, operates the
bell-crank a¹, forces the thrust rod a² onto the sticker c & rocks the T rocker c³,
which, by means of its connection with the valve-stem, energizes the hoop c
sufficiently to overcome the air resistance of the valve c and open it, simultaneously
closing the escape valve c¹, by the energy stored during compression acting against
the frictional resistance provided by the brake spring cis, aided also by the tendency
of the supply valve to seat itself, when forced beyond half travel.
The passages c², c³, c4, are now charged with compressed air; the impulse
transmitted through the tube ca has effected the desired result; and the pressure on
the piston b has compressed the spring 62, and forced the rod B, and with it the
drawstop A, outwards to the dotted position (2) which is the limit of its travel, at a
speed determined by the usual choking screw. The drawstop being now out
in its extreme position, has brought the thrust rod a² over the sticker c, or into
position to act upon that sticker.
"
"
To return the drawstop to its normal position, a momentary touch only is required
to operate the thrust rod a² as before. As the pneumatic energy holds the rod B in
the position for the thrust rod to act upon the sticker c7, the touch of the player
on the drawstop rocks the bell-crank a¹, and causes its thrust rod to strike the
sticker c, and, through the T shaped rocker es, enables the elastic hoop of the
valve rod to open the escape valve c¹, and sinultaneously close the supply valve c
by the contraction of the hoop acting against the frictional resistance provided by
the brake spring, aided by the self-closing tendency of the valve, thereby leaving the
spring b² free to express the air from the cylinder b', and to force the drawstop
in.
It will now be evident that on the instroke, the support for the fulcrum of
the bell-crank a¹, provided by the pneumatic energy, vanishes the instant the
position of the valves is disturbed, and that complete control of the
valves cc depends on the accurate adjustment of the elastic connection cand
brake spring c¹³.
Fig. 2 shows a method of interposing a pneumatic intermediary, which will enable
the performer to prepare a combination of stops in advance. Draw stops operating
as described with reference to Fig. 1, and fitted with any convenient means by which
the organist can cut off the energy operating them, preferably that of compressed
air, admit of being used in a novel manner, as will be presently explained.

page_text: The mechanism up to the T shaped rocker is like that of Fig. 1, and the
valves c and c and pneumatic lever c10 are unaltered.
Disa wind-chest, from which compressed air can be cut off, at the will of the performer,
by any of the usual ineans. The external slide valve d, which is forced
against its seat by the spring d¹ controls the supply of compressed air to, and escape
from, the ports and passages d², d³, which lead to the trap valves d', d³, and
thence to the pneumatic lever c¹º.
The valve d is coupled to, and operated by, the T rocker c³. An arm E, fixed to the
rod B, and travelling with it, engages, near the termination of the travel, the
tappets e, e¹, which are fitted on a rod attached to the T-shaped rocker cs, and
arranged to centralize, the valve d.
The valve d is centralized in order that the pneumatic lever c10 may be free to
respond to any impulse transmitted from the combination movements through the
tubes c¹¹, c¹².
The action of this apparatus is as follows:-
The wind chest D, being charged, and drawstop or key "in," a momentary
pressure operates the thrust rod a² and sticker c, thereby moving the valve d, and
admitting compressed air to the passage d², and thence to the trap valve d operating
the pneumatic lever c¹0, thereby opening the supply valve c and closing the escape
valve c¹. The passages c², c³, c, are now charged, and that with the result described
in reference to Fig. 1, the termination of the travel centralizing the valve d. When
the drawstop or key is "out," a momentary touch noves the valve d in the reverse
direction, energizes the pneumatic lever 10 through the passage d³ & trap valve d³,
thereby closing the supply valve c and opening the escape valve c¹, when the
spring b² is free to force the drawstop in, the valve d being centralized as before.
It will now be evident that if the supply to the wind-chest D is cut off, the
performer's touch will adjust the slide valve d, without moving the drawstops.
This power of arresting the movement of the drawstops will enable the player to
prepare any combination or selection of stops and bring such combination of stops
into activity at any moment, by simply charging the windchest D.
The position of the drawstops, notwithstanding this adjustment, always indidates
the actual condition of the instrument; thus, the grave objections to the "Ventil "
system is removed, while its advantage is retained.
I may
remark that the form and location of the drawstop or key may vary widely,
and that the mechanism described above may be employed, not only in connection
with a longitudinally moving draw-stop, but by an axially moving draw-stop also.
An arm on the rod B will in this case be provided to receive the thrust of the
piston b, which is no longer connected with the rod B; this arm will also receive
the counter pressure of the spring 62, which thrust it back into its normal position.
In this case, the head of the draw-rod must be marked to show its axial position, and
indicate whether the stop is "on" or "off."
I may also remark that any of the more modern forms of pneumatic or electro-
pneumatic reversing movements may be combined with a drawstop or key. The
form illustrated is selected because the mechanical principle and action are
obvious.
It will be observed by the expert, that instead of being used only when required
by combining movements, the motor means which must always be provided are
utilized whenever the drawstop is operated.
The second head of the invention relates to a novel arrangement of the manual
claviers specially applicable to large organs, the object being to bring them more
readily under the command of the player than heretofore.
In large organs, as ordinarily constructed, which are controlled, say, by five
manuals arranged horizontally one above and behind the other, the distance the
upper key boards are set back is determined by the length of key necessary for the
comfortable manipulation of the lower manuals, which must not be interfered with,
but the vertical distance between the keys is determined more or less by practical
consideration®

page_text: So arranged, the position of the fifth or upper manual places it almost out of
reach.
To ameliorate this difficulty, I arrange the keyboards at convenient inclinations
radiating from, or intersecting at, a point behind the player; one of the key-boards
(or it may be more) is horizontal, while the others are conveniently inclined. The
key frames may now advantageously assume a tapered form, instead of being parallel,
as heretofore, and the vertical distance between the keys may be considerably reduced
without interfering with the necessary rigidity of key frame.
Fig. 3 is a section shewing five manual claviers, as an example of my improved
method of arranging keyboards.
The figure will, from the preceding remarks, require no detailed explanation, and
as exhaustive experiment alone can determine the extent to which my system of
arrangement can be advantageously employed, the illustration must be regarded as
indicative only of the principle which I design to employ in constructing grand and
other organs.
It will be obvious that without pushing the system or principle to an undue extent,
a valuable reduction in height is secured, and the horizontal distance may be slightly
reduced.
This inclined arrangement of keyboards provides for a more natural position and
action of the hand in the manipulation of the upper keyboards, than the old hori-
zontal arrangement, and greatly facilitates the manipulation of two keyboards by one
hand; this relative inclination of the keyboards, therefore, has a value, although
comparatively slight, in two-manual organs.
The modern movements avoid any difficulty that might have been experienced in
attaching the old mechanical actions to oblique keyboards. The additional space
narmits of the primary pneumatic apparatus
of touch.
The third head of this invention relates to the construction or the peua..
illustrated at Fig. 4.
nations
This figure, which is partly in section, shews an arrangement of mechanism for
securing a parallel travel for the pedal keys, and a method of operating the "swell,"
or other crescendo-apparatus by means of the pedal keys.
F, F, is the pedal key which is provided with a removable face f, f, to form the
natural key, and f¹ to form the sharp key. f2, f³, are bell-cranks formed of thin
plates coupled by studs, which form distance pieces, parting the plates sufficiently to
permit the pedal key moving freely between them, and are fulcrummed on the toe
and heel pieces, and attached to the pedal key, as shewn in the drawing.
The rod couples the pendent arms of the bell-cranks, and the spring f³ forces the
pedal key against the pads fo, ƒ³.
The depth is limited by the padded stop 3, which receives, from the pressure of the
rod f, a movement sufficient to start the pneumatic action.
It will now be evident that a parallel travel is obtained, and that the effort required
to depress the natural key does not vary with the change of position of the player's
foot as heretofore.
Obviously, any means which secures a parallel travel will effect the desired result.
With a pedal key board of this construction, it is possible to operate the louvres of
swell boxes or other crescendo apparatus.
When the power required for carrying out the object of the player is considerable
the apparatus shewn at G should be brought into requisition.
As this apparatus forms the subject matter of Patent 15114 of 1884, and is well
known, its construction need not be here described in detail.
g is the floating lever of this apparatus, attached to, and operated by, the pneumatic
lever g¹, which is connected by the tubes 92, 93, with the reservoir g⭑.
The reservoir g* is supplied with compressed air, and maintained at a constant level
in the usual manner; a small relief valve, as now commonly applied, presents the
unavoidable leakage from disturbing the adjustment. The reservoir g¹ is connected

page_text: through a rod gs, and bell-crank go, with the padded stop 18, the bell-cranks being
carried by a fulcrum rod f. The choking device g limits the speed at which air can
pass to and from the pneumatic lever g¹. 98 is a maintaining device provided to
prevent the pneumatic lever g¹ being appreciably affected during the transition from
one note to another; and go is a guard.
The action of the apparatus is a follows :-
A pedal key being gently depressed, forces the rod against the padded stop ƒ³
the pressure being transmitted, through the bell crank go and rod g5, to the reservoir g².
By this means, the pressure of air in the reservoir is increased, and conveyed through
the pipes g3 g2 to the pneumatic lever gl, thereby operating the floating lever
apparatus attached thereto, to an extent corresponding to the force applied.
and
An increase of pressure on the pedal key causes a further increase of pressure in
the reservoir g, and a correspondingly increased action of the floating lever g and
apparatus in connection therewith.
The supply valve in the reservoir g maintains it at a constant level, notwithstanding
the increased force applied to it.
A decrease of pressure on the pedal key permits the reservoir g to rise slightly
under the influence of the springs 93, 910, acting on the pneumatic lever g¹ and
maintaining device, and express air, whereby the floating lever g is caused to yield to
a corresponding extent.
The varying pressures in the reservoir g* cause the pneumatic lever g' to assume
corresponding positions, and effect the required movements of the apparatus G,
but the pedal keys may be used in rapid succession, and yet effect a crescendo or
diminuendo. The maintaining device 98 and choking device g' may be adjusted in
such a manner as to enable a rapid rapid succession of impulses transmitted from
the reservoir g¹ to effect a practically steady movement of the apparatus in either
direction, as determined by the collective value of the impulses.
The choking device above referred to, consists of a non-return valve and a by-pass,
adjustable by a screw plug. The inlet to the pneumatic lever g* nay, with advan-
tage, be controlled by a choking screw.
'
I will now describe the 4th head of my invention, referring first, to the fact that
increased facilities provided for the organist increase his power of taxing the wind
supply, and necessitate a corresponding improvement.
In organs of any importance, a supply of wind is stored in a reservoir near the
sound-boards, to the wind chest of which it is conveyed through wind trunks. The
wind chest or wind trunk usually fitted with a concussion bellows. A sudden
demand for wind is instantaneously but momentarily only supplied by the concussion
bellows, and if the demand is continuous, the reservoir maintains the supply, filling,
and thereby opening a supply valve sufficiently to satisfy the demand, and vice versa.
The reservoir therefore operates after the cencussion bellows, instantaneous assistance
from the main supply can be obtained by dividing the control of the supply value
between the reservoir and concussion bellows. By this expedient, the movement of
the concussion bellows initiates an instant supply of wind direct from the main supply,
in advance of any action of the reservoir.
Fig. 5 is a section shewing a method of controlling the supply valve of a reservoir by
the combined action of reservoirs and concussion bellows.
The reservoir H, controlling valve I, wind trunk J, and concussion bellows K, are
of the usual construction. The short arm of the bell-crank L is usually attached to
the rod i, and operates the rolling valve i¹. To quicken the response of the valve, I
mount a lever k on the short arm of the bell-crauk, and couple it to the concussion
bellows K by the rod k¹, and to the valve by the rod i. The valve will now
respond to the movement of the concussion bellows, and the momentary lag in the
wind supply hitherto experienced is prevented. Smaller, lighter, and therefore more
active concussion bellows, can now be employed, and the wind supply made capable
of satisfying sudden and heavy demands.
The ordinary sound board wastes probably 10 per cent. of wind in transmitting it
from the valves to the pipes. This loss can be avoided, and the wind supply thereby
still further improved.

page_text: Rubbing slides have long been used in combination with pneumatic levers, and
I now propose to apply this form to the sound board.
Fig. 6 is a section,
Fig. 7 a transverse section, and
Fig. 8 a plan, showing a method of applying rubbing slides to the ordinary
construction of wind chest.
Referring to Fig. 6, M is a wind chest, m a groove, and m' m¹ upper boards of
ordinary construction. N, N, are bearers, and 0, 0, rubbing slides. These slides are
for admitting air to the ranks of pipes coupled in pairs, to economise length. Figs. 7
and 8 show the air passages in connection with the grooves m, and the air
passages m¹, in connection with the upper boards. The air passages are brought into
communication by the recesses as shown in Figs. 6 and 8, the rubbing slides being in
the operative position, and the direction of the air indicated by the arrows. The slides
which are operated in the usual manner, are pressed against the bearers by springs,
the coiled expansion form being applicable when the coupled slides are situated
between bearers, and connected flat pressure-springs when the slides are fitted to one
bearer.
It will now he evident that a movement of the slides will cut off the wind supply
from the ranks of pipes acting like an ordinary D valve, and that the leakage
unavoidable with the old construction, of sound board is thus entirely prevented. As
the ordinary pallet or valve is not perfectly air-tight, some form of escape or relief
valve is necessary, to prevent an accumulation of pressure in the grooves.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. Adapting to organs automatic means for enabling the drawstops or controlling
keys, whether", onl or off," to answer to the touch of the player, in the manner and
for the purpose above described.
2. The adaptation to the drawstops and controlling keys of organs, of means such as
that described with reference to Fig. 1 for enabling a touch by the player on the
heads or knobs of the drawstops or keys, whether "in
66
or out," to automatically
reverse their position.
"
3. The application to the automatic drawstops or controlling keys, of the means
described with reference to Fig. 2, for arresting the action of the automatic
apparatus, and thus allowing of a combination of stops being arranged ready for use,
without visibly affecting their position.
4. The modification of draw-stop or controlling key above described, whereby an
axial motion is substituted for the longitudinal motion of Figs. 1 and 2.
5. The arrangement of manual claviers or keyboards, as above described with
reference to Fig. 3, for the purpose of facilitating the manipulation of the
keys.
6. As an improvement in the pedal clavier of organs, giving to the pedal keys a
parallel motion, whereby the tread of the player is made uniform, whatever part of
the pedal receives the pressure of his foot.
7. The employment of the pedal clavier in combination with means such as that
shown at Fig. 4, for operating the crescendo apparatus of organs.
8. Dividing the control of wind to the wind-chest between the reservoir and the
concussion bellows, as described with reference to Fig. 5.
9. The means above described with reference to Fig. 6, 7, and 8, for transmitting
air from the grooves above the wind-chest to the organ pipes.
Dated this 16th day of August 1898.