IMPROVE. METHOD OF CONVEYING ELECTRIC SIGNALS AND MENTS IN THE IMPROVED TELEGRAMS WITHOUT THE CONDUCTOR.'' INTERVENTION OF ANY CONTINUOUS ARTIFICIAL
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Haworth, of No. 15, Hart Street, Bloomsbury,
in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVE.
METHOD OF CONVEYING ELECTRIC SIGNALS AND
MENTS IN THE IMPROVED
TELEGRAMS WITHOUT THE
CONDUCTOR.''
INTERVENTION OF ANY CONTINUOUS ARTIFICIAL
Sealed the 19th April 1864, and dated the 30th October 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Haworth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th October 1863.
1, JOHN HAWORTH, of No. 15, Hart Street, Bloomsbury, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE IMPROVED METHOD OF CONVEYING ELECTRIC SIGNALS
AND TELEGRAMS WITHOUT THE INTERVENTION OF ANY CONTINUOUS ARTIFICIAL
CONDUCTOR," to be as follows:-
The object of the present Invention is to improve the apparatus employed
andthemodeofproceeding in conveying electric signals and telegrams without
the intervention of any continuous artificial conductor, suchasa metallic wire
or other artificial medium, in working the electric telegraph; my original
method of doing which was particularly described in the Specification of
certain Letters Patent granted to me and bearing date the Twenty-seventh
Prine S1

page_text: day of March, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, and my present
Invention relates to certain improvements on the method therein described,
and also to certain new arrangements for effecting the above-mentioned
objects.
I may remark that although, in order to make the entire arrangements
and method of proceeding practically intelligible, I have in the following
ProvisionalSpecificationrepeated aconsiderablepartof themethod of proceed-
ing described in the Complete Specification to my said former Letters Patent.
I do not by the present Patent claim any novelty of Invention in respect of
so much of the method of proceeding and apparatus herein-after described, as
is also described in the said Complete Specification to my former Letters
Patent, but only in respect of the improvements on the method and arrange-
ments described in the said Complete Specification and hereinafter also
described.
In order to effectuate the object I have in view, I proceed as follows:-
First, I bury in the earth a plate of copper marked A on the Plan(see Plan
filed herewith Sheets 1 and 2) and another plate of zinc marked Z (see Plan),
each separate and distant about three feet from each other. But the distance
between these plates will be varied according to the distance which the signal
is to be sent or other circumstances. They are retained in an upright position
and slightly bent so as to form the segment of a cylinder, the axis of which is
perpendicular to the surface of the earth. They are buried in such a position
as to present their convex sides towards the place to which it is intended to
send signals. For a distance of seventy-five miles and under, I have found
plates of one foot square sufficient for a a distance, beyond that and up to four
hundred and forty miles, I have made use of plates each twenty-four inches by
sixteen inches, but the size of the plates will be varied according to distance or
other circumstances. I also buryin an upright positiontwocylinders of copper
marked on the Plan G and F,each two feet long, and four inches in diameter,
and each surrounded with crystals of sulphate of copper. These cylinders
must be buried in the earth at such a depth as will insure their always being
surrounded with moisture. They must be separated from each other; their
position is shewn on the Plan (see Sheets) and 2). I also bury in the earth
behind plates A and Z, at the distance of about three feet from the centre of
each plate, as shewn in the aforesaid Plan (see Sheets 1 and 2), and in an
upright position, a wooden box marked in the said Plan J containing a coil of
coated copper wire. The coil which I have found effective is of a flat form (see
Plan, Sheet 3) one inch in thickness, and consists of coated copper wire wound
upon a reel constructed as follows:-I fix two circular pieces of wood of the

page_text: diameter required upon a wooden axle as represented on Plan (see Sheet 3),
and at right angles thereto. These pieces of wood I keep seperate at an
uniform distance by a circular block or collar of wood of the thickness required;
upon this collar I wind the coil in regular successive layers to fill up the reel
(see Sheet 3, Figure 2). The collar I have used is one inch thick and three
inches in diameter; the diameter of the coil in this case is fourteen inches. I
have used for this coil copper wire No. 16, insulated, the reel may be made of
wood well coated with shellac or other insulating material, or of glass. The
end of the wire at the centre and that at the circumference are connected
respectively with the binding screws shewn on box J.
Secondly, I connect the binding screws of box J (see Plan, Sheet 2) with
plates A and Z by means of coated copper wires as shewn in the said Plan,
then I connect plates A and Z by means of coated copper wires to each end of
the coil marked "y" (see Plan, Sheet 4) in an apparatus next herein-after
described and marked Bin the said Plan. This apparatus, marked B,consistsofa
strong wooden box containing three flat coils marked respectively "x," "y," "z,"
(see Plan, Sheet 4, Figures 1, 2, 3,) constructed in the following manner:-
I make a reel as represented in the Plan (see Sheet 4, Figure 4), by fixing
four circular pieces of wood not less than eight inches in diameter and well
coated with shellac on a wooden axis at right angles thereto and at equal
distances from each other, they are retained in this position by "collars" or
circular blocks of wood placed between them and also well coated with shellac.
These collars correspond with each other in size and thickness. I thus
obtain a reel with three compartments of equal depth and width. These com-
partments correspond to the before-mentioned coils and are marked respec-
tively "x," "y," "z," on the aforesaid Plan, I fill compartment "x" with fine
insulated copper wire wound on the reelevenly and closely together in regular
successive layers from the centre to the circumference. The end of the wire
at the centre and that at the circumference are brought to the outside of the
reel and there secured. I fill compartment "y" with thicker insulated copper
wire wound in the same direction as in coil "x" as shewn by the arrows on
the Plan (see Sheet 4, Figures 2 and 3), and in the same regular manner.
The inner end of this wire is brought to the circumference of the coil by a
groove up the partition separating coil "x" from coil "y;" both ends are
secured outside the reel and connected with the binding screws as shewn in
the Plan (see Sheet 4). I fill compartment "z" half way up with coated iron
wire wound on the reel in the same direction as coil "x" and coil "y." The
ends of the iron wire are brought through the flat side of the reel to the outside
of the reel and then securely fastened. I then fill the remaining portion of the

page_text: Compartment "" to the top with similar coated iron wire, but wound double
and in a contrary direction to that in the lower half of the compartment as
indicated by the arrows (see Sheet 4, Figures 2 and 3). These wires are not
twisted nor bound together nor allowed to cross one another, but wound
evenly in successive layers side by side. The ends of the coil both of the
single and double iron wire are securely fastened on the outside of the reel
(see Plan, Sheet 4, Figure 3, a1, a2, and a3.) The coils I have found
effective for the transmission of signals for a distance of upwards of four
hundred miles have been for coil "y" copper wire No. 16, for coil "x" copper
wire No. 32, and for coil "z" iron wire No. 20 all coated. The reels ou
which these coils have for the last-mentioned distance been wound measure
fourteen inches in diameter, of which the collar in the centre occupies three
inches, the thickness of-the collar being one inch. But the size of the wire,
the diameter of the coils, and their thickness will vary according to distance or
other circumstances. The partitions between the coils are three-eighths of an
inch thick, and the external sides of the reel one inch and a half thick.
Thirdly, I bring both ends of the before-mentioned coil "y" in box B into
permanent metallic connection by binding screws with the ends of the coil
surrounding the magnetic needle of a telegraphic indicator marked Con Plan
(see Sheets 1 and 2), this indicator I prefer to place over box B as shewn in
Plan (see Sheets 1 and 2).
Fourthly, I connect both ends of coil "y" in box B by wires with the
binding screws "c" and "d" (see Plau, Sheets 1, 2, and 5,) in the apparatus
next herein-after described and marked Din the Plau (see Sheets 1, 2, and 5).
The apparatus marked D, which I call the condenser, is contained in a
wooden box (see Plan, Sheet 5) of sufficient dimensions to coutain the
plates and other material connected therewith herein-after mentioned. The
box is divided lengthwise by a partition into two compartments (see Plan,
Sheet 5.) The interior is well coated with shellac. I line the bottom of
each compartment with sheet india-rubber, upon which in each compart-
ment I place a band of stout gold foil well insulated. The band is securely
attached at each end to the binding screws at the extremities of the compart-
ments (that is to say), as to one compartment, the binding screws "a" and
"g," and as to the other compartment to the binding screws "b" and "h,"
(see Plan, Sheet 5, Figures 1, 2, and 4). I fill cach compartment with
rectangular plates of gutta percha on which insulated copper wire is carefully
wound,(see Plan,Sheet 5, Figure 3). The wire on these plates of gutta percha
is passed from one plate to another in succession so as to form one continuous
communication throughout each compartment, and the extreme ends are

page_text: attached to binding screws
"
a₁ 'g," and "b," "h," respectively. I fix
binding screws c," "d," "e," "f""k," and "l," in the positions shewn in the
Plan, and connect them with the wire upon the plates in its passage through
the box marked D. I then pass from end to end of each compartment over
the gutta percha plates, and lying upon them, but well insulated from them,
another band of stout gold foil similar to that described above, and connect
each end of it with the above-named binding screws "a" and "g," "b"
and "h" (see Sheet 5, Figures 2 and 4). I cover the whole with a piece of
sheet india-rubber. The condenser or apparatus marked D, which I have
used, contains sixty plates of gutta percha in each compartment, each plate
being three inches by four and a half inches and nearly one quarter of an
inch in thickness. The wire I have used is coated copper wire No.32, the gold
foil is three and a half inches broad. I find that for a coil of the dimensions
of that herein before described as contained in box marked B (see Plan,
Sheet 4,) the apparatus marked D, as herein-before described, will suffice.
For a coil of lesser dimensions than that herein-before described in box
marked B, say one of eight inches in diameter, only twenty-five plates of
gutta percha are required in each compartment, and the gold foil one inch and
three-eighths broad only.
Fifthly, I connect binding screws "e" and "f" (see Plan, Sheets 1 and 2)
in the condenser or apparatus marked D, with binding screws "p" and "p"
in an apparatus next herein-after described and marked E on the Plan (see
Sheets 1 and 2). The apparatus marked E contains two coils of copper wire
wound upon a reel constructed with two compartments only, but in all other
respects constructed in a manner similar to that already described in reference
to coils "a" and "y" in the apparatus contained in box B (see Sheet 4,
Figure 4); each of the coils in apparatus marked E is constructed with two
copper wires, the one insulated and the other not insulated, wound alternately
side by side evenly in successive layers froin the axis to the circumference.
The coil marked "s" in the Plan (see Sheet 6, Figure 2) is formed of coated
copper wire No. 21, and copper wire not coated No. 18. It is desirable that
the coating ofthe copper wire No.21 should be of such a thickness as will make
it when coated correspond in circumference with the uncoated wire No.18, in
order that when wound the two wires may present an even surface. The coil
marked "t" in the Plan (see Sheet 6, Figure 2) is formed of coated copper
wire No. 30, and copper wire not coated No. 24. The inner and outer ends
of the coated wire in coil marked "8," are respectively connected with the
binding screws marked respectively "p" and "p," (see Plan, Sheets 1,2, and
5,) and the ends of the coated wire in the coil marked "t," are securely

page_text: fastened on the outside of the reel.
Between each of the layers of wire I
place a strip of non-metallic paper the width of the compartment of the reel
to insulate it from the layer above and the layer below, and when in winding
I arrive within an inch of the circumference of the reel I employ gutta percha
tissue in addition to the non-metallic paper.
Sixthly, I connect the binding screw marked "g" in the condenser or appa-
ratus marked D) to one of the poles of a galvanic battery marked H on the
Plan (see Sheets 1 and 2), and the binding screw marked "h" in the con-
denser or apparatus marked D, with the opposite pole of the same battery.
'The battery I have used is Smee's battery, regulated according to the strength
required.
Seventhly, I connect the same poles of battery H with the binding screws
of an ordinary telegraphic indicator marked C upon the Plan (see Sheets 1
and 2), so as to be capable of being brought into connexion with its coil by
the motion of the handle. I suggest that all the wood used in the several
apparatus before described be of well-seasoned wood, and as a general rule
coated.
Eighthly, at the point to which it is intended to transmit the message or
telegram I have a set of apparatus similar in all respects with that herein-
before described (see Plan, Sheet 1). At the point to which it is intended to
transmit the message or telegram, I bury in the earth a zinc plate marked Z,1
and a copper plate marked A¹ (see Plan, Sheet 1), similarly curved and similar
in size and position, and for similar uses as copper plate A and zinc plate Z,
herein-before described (see Plan, Sheet 1). The plates Z' and A¹ should be
buried opposite to and with their convex sides towards plates A and Z, as
shewn in the same Plan, Sheet 1; the zinc plate Z being buried opposite to
the copper plate marked A, and the copper plate A¹being buried opposite the
zinc plate Z. I bury in the ground a box marked J' (see Plan, Sheet 1,) con-
taining an apparatus similar in all respects to the apparatus herein-before
described and contained in the box marked J on plan. Box J' is placed at a
distance, and in a position relatively to plates Z' and A', similar to that of
box J, with plates A and Z.
Ninthly, I also bury in the ground two cylinders marked respectively on
the Plan (see Sheet 1) Gland F¹. The cylinders marked respectively G
and Fare of copper, and are surrounded with crystals of sulphate of copper.
These cylinders respectively are of the same dimensions, and are placed in the
same position relatively to each other as the cylinders Gaud F, herein-before
described (see Plan, Sheet 1), and are connected with the apparatus contained
in the box D,herein after mentioned, in the same way as the cylinders respec-

page_text: tively marked G and F are connected with the apparatus in box D, herein-
before described (see Plan, Sheet 1).
Tenthly, the apparatus contained in the box marked D¹ (see Plan, Sheet 1)
is similar in all respects to that herein before described and marked D.
Eleventhly, the apparatus contained in the box marked D¹ is connected
with the respective apparatus marked respectively on the Plan (see Sheet 1)
B', E', H¹, and C¹ by a method similar to that in which the apparatus
marked D on the Plan is connected with the respective apparatus respectively
marked on the Plan B, E, H, and C, see Plan, Sheet 1).
Twelfthly, the apparatus contained in the box marked B¹ on Plan (see
Sheet 1) is similar in all respects to the apparatus contained in the box
marked B on the Plan (see Sheets'l and 2), and is connected with the respec-
tive apparatus marked on the Plan (see Sheet 1) D', E', and C, and with the
plates A¹ and Z' in a way similar to that by which the apparatus marked B is
connected with the respective apparatus marked respectively on Plan D, E,
and C, and with the plates A and Z (see Sheets 1 and 2).
Thirteenthly, the apparatus contained in the box marked E¹ on the Plan
(see Sheet 1) is similar in all respects to the apparatus contained in the box
marked E on the Plan (see Sheets 1 and 2), and is connected with the appa-
ratus marked I¹ in the Plan (see Sheet 1) in a way similar to that by which
the apparatus marked E is connected with the apparatus marked D (see Plau,
Sheets 1 and 2).
Fourteenthly, the battery marked H¹ on the Plau (see Sheet 1) is an
ordinary galvanic battery, and similar to that marked H on the Plan (see
Sheets 1 and 2), and is connected with the respective apparatus marked
respectively on Plan D' and C¹ (see Sheets 1 and 2) in a way similar to that
by which the battery marked H is connected with the apparatus marked
respectively D and C (see.Plan, Sheets 1 and 2).
Fifteenthly, the apparatus marked C¹ (see Plan, Sheet 1) is similar to the
telegraphic indicator herein-before referred to, and marked C on the Plan
(see Sheets 1 and 2), and is connected with the respective apparatus marked
on the plan respectively B' and H' (see Sheet 1) in a way similar to that by
which the indicator marked Con the Plan is connected with the respective
apparatus marked B and H (see Sheets 1 and 2).
Having thus described the apparatus I employ, and the method of pro-
ceeding, I have only to add that what I claim by the present Patent is the
improvements in the method described in the Specificationtomy said former
Letters Patent of transmitting electric signals and telegrams from one point
to another without the intervention of an continuous artificial conductor, and

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Haworth in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
30th April 1864..
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HAWORTH, of No. 15, Hart Street, Bloomsbury, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said John Haworth, Her special licence that I, the said John
Haworth, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said John Haworth, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN THE IMPROVED METHOD OF CONVEYING ELECTRIC SIGNALS AND
TELEGRAMS WITHOUT THE INTERVENTION OF ANY CONTINUOUS ARTIFICIAL CONDUCTOR,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Haworth, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Haworth, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say) :-
-
And 1 may remark in the first place that the object of the Invention in
respect of which the said Letters Patent, dated the Thirtieth day of October
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three are granted, is to improve the
apparatus employed, and the mode of proceeding in conveying electric signals

page_text: and telegrams without the intervention of any continuous artificial conductor,
such as a metallic wire, or other artificial medium in working the electric
telegraph, my original method of doing which was particularly described in
the Specification of certain Letters Patent granted to me, and bearing date the
Twenty-seventh day of March, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, and
the Invention in respect of which the aforesaid Letters Patent bearing date
the Thirtieth day of October, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three,
were granted relates to certain improvements on the method described in the
said Lotters Patent bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of March, One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, and also to certain new arrangements
for effecting the above-mentioned objects. I may further remark that although,
in order to make the entire arrangements and method of proceeding practically
intelligible, I have in the following Complete Specification repeated a con-
siderable part of the method of proceeding described in the Complete
Specification to my said Patent of the Twenty-seventh day of March, One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, I do not by my said Patent of the
Thirtieth day of October, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, claim
any novelty of Invention in respect of so much of the method of proceeding
and apparatus herein-after described as is also described in the said Complete
Specification to my said Patent of the Twenty-seventh day of March, Oue
thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, but only in respect of the improvements
on the method and arrangements described in the same Complete Specification,
In order to effectuate the object I have in view, I proceed as follows:-
First, I bury in the earth a plate of copper marked A on the Plan, (see
Plan filed herewith, Sheets 1 and 2,) and another plate of zinc marked Z (see
Plan), each separate and distant about three feet from each other, but the
distance between these plates may be advantageously increased to some extent
in proportion to the distance to which the signal is to be sent. They are
retained in an upright position and slightly bent, so as to form the segment of
a cylinder, the axis of which is perpendicular to the surface of the earth.
They are buried in such a position as to present their convex sides towards the
place to which it is intended to send signals. For a distance of seventy-five miles
and under I have found plates of one foot square sufficient. For a distance
beyond that, and up to four hundred and forty miles, I have made use of plates
each twenty-four inches bysixteen inches, but the size of the plates will be varied
according to distance, or other circumstances. I also bury in an upright position
two cylinders of copper, marked in the Plan Gand F, each two feet long and
four inches in diameter. These cylinders must be buried in the earth at such a
depth as will insure their always being surrounded with moisture. They must

page_text: beseparate from each other. Their position is shewn in the Plan (see Sheets 1
and 2). I also bury in the earth behind plates A and Zat the distance of about
three feet from the centre of each plate, as shewn in the aforesaid Plan, but the
distance may beincreased for longer distances, as above mentioned (see Sheets
1 and 2), and in an upright position, a wooden box, marked in the said Plan J,
containing a coil of coated copper wire. The coil which I have found effective
is of a flat form (see Plan, Sheet 3,) one inch in thickness, and consists of
coated copper wire wound upon a reel, constructed as follows:-I fix two
circular pieces of wood of the diameter required upon a wooden axle, as
represented on Plan (see Sheet 3), and at right angles thereto. These pieces
of wood I keep separate at an uniform distance by a circular block or collar of
wood of the thickness required; upon this collar I wind the coil in regular
successive layers to fill up the reel (see Sheet 3, Figure 3). The collar I have
used is one inch thick and three inches in diameter, the diameter of the coil
in this case is fourteen inches, I have used for this coil copper wire No. 16
insulated. The reel may be made of wood well coated with shellac or other
insulating material or of glass. The end of the wire at the centre and that
at the circumference are connected respectively with the binding screws shewn
on box J.
Secondly, Iconnect the binding screws of box J, (see Plan, Sheet 2), with
plates A and Z, by means of coated copper wires to each end of the coil
marked "y," (see Plan,Sheet 4). in an apparatus next herein-after described,
and marked Bin the said Plan. This apparatus marked B consists of a strong
wooden boxcontaining three flat coils marked respectively "x," "y," , te z," (see
Plan, Sheet 4, Figures 1, 2, and 3), constructed in the following manner :-I
make a reel as represented in the Plan (see Sheet 4, Figure 4), by fixing four
circular pieces of wood not less than eight inches in diameter, and well coated
with shellac on a wooden axis at rightangles thereto,and atequaldistances from
each other; they are retained in this position by "collars" or circular blocks
of wood placed between them, and also well coated with shellac. These collars
correspond with each other in size and thickness. I thus obtain a reel with
three compartiments ofequaldepth and width these compartments correspond to
the before-mentioned coils,and are marked respectively "x," "y," "z,"on the
aforesaid Plan; I fill compartment "x," with fine insulated copper wire wound
on the reel evenly and closely together in regular successive layers from the
centre to the circumference. The end of the wire at the centre, and that at the
circumference are brought to the outside of the reel, and there secured. I fill
compartment"y"with thicker insulated copper wirewoundinthesamedirection
as in coil "x," as shewn by the arrows on the Plan, (see Sheet 4, Figures

page_text: 2 and 3),and in the same regular manner; the inner end of this wire is brought
to the circumference of the coil by a groove up the partition separating coil
"x" from coil "y;" both ends are secured outside the reel, and connected
with the binding screws, as shewn in the Plan,(see Sheet 4). I fill compart-
ment "&" half way up with coated iron wire wound on the reel in the same
direction as coil " C "and coil "y." The ends of the iron wire are brought
through the flat side of the reel to the outside of the reel, and there securely
fastened; I then fill the remaining portion of the compartment "z" to the top
with similar coated iron wire,but wound double and in a contrary direction to
that in the lower half of the compartment as indicated by the arrows (see
Sheet 4, Figure 2 and 3). These wires are not twisted nor bound together nor
allowed to cross one another, but wound evenly in successive layers side by
side. The ends of the coil both of the single and double iron wire are securely
fastened on the outside of the reel (see Plan, Sheet 4, Figure 3, a₁, a,, and as).
The coils I have found effective for the transmission of signals for a distance
of upwards of four hundred miles, have been for coil "y," copper wire No.16,
for coil "x, copper wire No. 32, and for coil "z" iron wire, No. 20, all
coated. The reels on which these coils have for the last-mentioned distance
been wound measure fourteen inches in diameter, of which the collar in the
centre occupies three inches. The thickness of the collar being one inch.
But the size of the wire, the diameter of the coils, and their thickness will
vary according to distance or other circumstances. The partitions between
the coils are three-eighths of an inch thick,and the external sides of the reel
one inch and a half thick.
Thirdly, I bring both ends of the before-mentioned coil "y" in box B,
into permanent metallic connexion by binding screws with the end of the coil
surrounding the magnetic needle of a telegraphic indicator marked C on Plan
(see Sheets 1 and 2). This indicator I prefer to place over box B, as shown
in the Plan (see Sheets 1 and 2).
Fourthly, I connect both ends of the coil "y" in box B by wires, with
the binding screws "c" and "d," (see Plan,Sheets 1, 2, and 5), in the appa-
ratus next herein-after described and marked D in the Plan (see Sheets 1, 2,
and 5). The apparatus marked D (which I call the condenser) is contained
in a wooden box, (see Plan, Sheet 5), of sufficient dimensions to contain the
plates and other material connected therewith, herein-after mentioned. The
box is divided lengthwise by a partition into two compartments (see Plau,
Seeet 5); the interior is well coated with shellac. In each compartment I
place a band of stout gold foil well insulated. The band is securely attached
at each end to the binding screws at the extremities of the compartments,

page_text: 7766
(that is to say), as to one compartment to the binding screws "a" and "g," and
as to the other compartment to the binding screws "b" and "h," (see Plan,
Sheet 5, Figures 1, 2, and 4). I fill each compartment with rectangular
plates of gutta percha, on which insulated copper wire is carefully wound
(see Plan, Sheet 5, Figure 3). The wire on these plates of gutta percha is
passed from one plate to another in succession so as to form one continuous
communication throughout each compartment, and the extreme ends are
attached to binding screws" a," g," and "b," "h,"respectively. I fix binding
screws "c," "d," "e," "f"k," and "l," in the positions shewn in the Plan,
and connect them with the wire upon the plates in its passage through the box
marked D. I then pass from end to end of each compartment over the gutta
percha plates, and lying upon them but well insulated from them; another
band of stout gold foil similar to that described above, and connect each end
of it with the above named binding screws "a and "g," "b" and "h," (see
Sheet 5, Figures 2 and 4). The condenser or apparatus marked D, which I
have used contains sixty plates of gutta percha in each compartment, each
plate being three inches by four and a half inches, and nearly one-quarter of
an inch in thickness. The wire I have used is coated copper wire, No. 32,
the gold foil is three and a half inches broad, and No. 34 in the wire guage
as to substance. I find that for a coil of the dimensions of that herein-before
described as contained in box marked B, (see Plan Sheet 4), the apparatus
marked D, as herein-before described will suffice. For a coil of lesser
dimensions than that herein-before described in box marked B, say, one of
eight inches in diameter, only twenty-five plates of gutta percha are required
in each compartment and the gold foil one inch and three-eighths broad only
of a similar substance.
Fifthly, I connect binding screws "e" and "f" (see Plan, Sheets 1 and 2)
in the condenser or apparatus marked D with binding screws "p" and "p" in
an apparatus next herein-after described and marked E on the Plan (see
Sheets 1 and 2). The apparatus marked E contains two coils of copper wire
wound upon a reel constructed with two compartments only, but in all other
respects constructed in a manner similar to that described in reference to
coils "x" and "y" in the apparatus contained in box B, (see Sheet 4
Figure 4). Each of the coils in apparatus marked E,is constructed with two
copper wires, the one insulated, and the other not insulated wound alternately
side by side evenly in successive layers from the axis to the circumference
The coil marked "s" in the Plan (see Sheet 6, Figure 2), is formed of coated
copper wire No. 21, and copper wire not coated No. 18. It is desirable that
the coating of the copper wire No. 21, should be of such a thickness that

page_text: S
when wound the two wires may present as even a surface as possible. The
coil marked "t" in the Plan (see Sheet 6, Figure 2), is formed of coated
copper wire No. 30, and copper wire not coated No. 24; the inner and outer
ends of the coated wire in coil marked " are respectively connected with
the binding screws marked respectively "p" and "p" (see Plan, Sheets 1, 2,
and 6), and the ends of the coated wire in the coil marked "t" are securely
fastened on the outside of the reel. The ends of the uncoated wire in each
coil are securely fastened on the outside of the reel in such a position that they
can never come in contact with any uncovered part of the coated wire. Between
each of the layers of wire, I place a strip of non-metallic paper the width of
the compartment of the reel to insulate it from the layer above and the layer
below, and when in winding I arrive within an inch of the circumference of
the reel I employ gutta percha tissue in addition to the non-metallic paper.
Sixthly, I connect the binding screw marked "g" in the condenser or
apparatus marked D, to one of the poles of a galvanic battery marked H on
the plan (see Sheets 1 and 2), and the binding screw marked "h" in the
condenser or apparatus marked D, with the opposite pole of the same.battery.
The battery I have used is Smee's battery regulated according to the strength
required.
Seventhly, I connect the same poles of battery H, with the binding screws
of an ordinary telegraphic indicator marked C upon the Plan (see Sheets 1
and 2), so as to be capable of being brought into connexion with its coil by
the motion of the handle. I suggest that all the wood used in the several
apparatus before described be of well seasoned wood and as a general rule
coated.
Eighthly, at the point to which it is intended to transmit the message or
telegram, I have a set of apparatus similar in all respects with that herein-
before described (see Plan, Sheet 1). At the point to which it is intended to
transmit the message or telegram, I bury in the earth a zinc plate marked
Z and a copper plate marked A', (see Plan, Sheet 1), similarly curved and
similar in size and position, and for similar uses as copper plate A, and zinc
plate Z, herein-before described, (see Plan, Sheet 1). The plates Z' and A',
should be buried opposite to and with their convex sides towards plates A and
Z as shewn in the same Plan, Sheet 1. The zinc plate Z' being buried
opposite to the copper plate marked A, and the copper plate A¹ being buried
opposite to zinc plate Z, I bury in the ground a box marked J', (see Plan,
Sheet 1,) containing an apparatus similar in all respects to the apparatus
herein-before described and contained in the box marked J on the Plan.

page_text: Box J', is placed at a distance, and in a position relatively to plates Z' and A',
similar to that of box J with plates A and Z.
Ninthly, I also bury in the ground two cylinders marked respectively on
the Plan (see Sheet 1) G' and F', the cylinders marked G¹ and F', are of
copper. These cylinders respectively are of the same dimensions, and
are placed in the same position relatively to each other as the cylinders
G and F, herein-before described, see Plan, Sheet 1), and are con-
nected with the apparatus contained in the box D', herein-after mentioned,
in the same way as the cylinders respectively marked G and F, are
connected with the apparatus in box D, herein-before described (see Plan,
Sheet 1)
Tenthly, the apparatus contained in the box marked D', (see Plan,
Sheet 1), is similar in all respects to that herein-before described and
marked D.
Eleventhly, the apparatus contained in the box marked D¹, is connected
with the respective apparatus marked respectively on the Plan (see Sheet 1),
B, E, H¹, and C¹, by a method similar to that in which the apparatus marked
D on the plan is connected with the respective apparatus respectively marked
on the Plan B, E, H, and C, (see Plan, Sheet 1).
Twelfthly, the apparatus contained in the box marked B¹, on Plan (see
Sheet 1) is similar in all respects to the apparatus contained in the box
marked B on the Plan (see Sheets 1 and 2), and is connected with the
respective apparatus marked on the Plan (see Sheet 1), D', E¹, and C₁, and
with the plates A¹ and Z', in a way similar to that by which the appa-
ratus marked B, is connected with the respective apparatus marked respec-
tively on Plan D, E, and C, and with the plates A and Z, (see Sheets 1 and 2).
Thirteenthly, the apparatus contained in the box marked E, on the
Plan (see Sheet 1), is similar in all respects to the apparatus contained in the
box marked E on the Plan (see Sheets 1 and 2), and is connected with
the apparatus marked D¹, on the Plan (see Sheet 1) in a way similar to that
by which the apparatus marked E is connected with the apparatus marked D,
see Plan, Sheets 1 and 2).
Fourteenthly, the battery marked H³, on the Plan (see Sheet 1) is an
ordinary galvanic battery and similar to that marked H on the Plan
(see Sheets 1 and 2), and is connected with the respective apparatus marked
respectively on Plan D' and C³, (see Sheets 1 and 2,) in a way similar to that
by which the battery marked His connected with the apparatus marked
respectively D and C (see Plan, Sheets 1 and 2).

page_text: Fifteenthly, the apparatus marked C', (see Plan, Sheet 1), is similar to the
telegraphic indicator herein-before referred to and marked C on the Plan (see
Sheets 1 and 2), and is connected with the respective apparatus marked on
the Plan respectively B' and H', (see Sheet 1), in a way similar to that by
which the indicator marked C on the Plan is connected with the respective
apparatus marked B and H (see Sheets 1 and 2).
Having thus described the apparatus I employ,and the method of proceeding,
I have only to add that I disclaim in respect of my Patent, dated the Thirtieth
day of October, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all such of the
improvements contained in the Specification to my Patent of the Twenty-
seventh day of March, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, as are
herein repeated.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Haworth, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
Witness,
W. S. MASTERMAN,
Solicitor,
8, Pancras Lane.
London.
JOHN HAWORTH. (L.S.)