Improvements in or relating to Wax Thread Sewing Machines.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Aug., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 6th May, 1895-Accepted. 27th July, 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Wax Thread Sewing Machines.
1, FREDERICK WILLIAM FARR, of 16 Mentmore Terrace, London Fields,
London, in the County of Middlesex, Boot and Shoe Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
"
This invention relates to improvements in sewing machines using a waxed thread,
such as for instance "sole sewers used in the boot and shoe trade; and its objects
are, first, to secure a regular and uniform waxing of the thread without the
application of heat, thereby obviating the danger of damaging the thread by
burning it when the machine is at rest; second, to guiding such waxed thread
through, say the horn of the machine to the needle; and thirdly, to construct the
tip and cap of the horn, and pinion, and the needle bar of interchangeable parts
so that they may be readily turned or renewed as they wear away.
Hitherto in sewing machines using a waxed thread, especially the sole sewing type
provided with a horn to pass within the boot or shoe when sewing the sole to the
upper, the thread before it is wound onto the spool is passed through a bath of
molten wax usually melted by heat, or else it is passed direct from such bath to the
needle and the parts through or over which the thread passes on its passage from
the spool, or bath direct to the whirl, or needle, are generally heated to prevent
the thread adhering to it or them, as well as to soften the thread and make it more
pliable and workable. The said heating of the bath, horn, and the parts connected
therewith are objectionable and has the effect of neutralizing the waxing operation,
and also the thread is liable to get scorched and damaged when standing in a
heated born whilst the machine is at rest which is frequently the cause of the boot
or shoe ripping at the waist on the side where the stitching commences. Further
the tension on the thread is not reliable when the thread is passed through a heated
bath of wax owing to the over heating of the bath and the difficulties of keeping
it at an even and regular temperature; which not only effects the wax, making it
either thick or thin, but also acts upon the tension wheel. Thus, if the wax is
very hot the wax will be thin and the thread will easily and readily pass through
it, but when the wax is only warm it is thicker, consequently there is greater
difficulty in running or passing the thread through the same. The same remarks
also apply to the tension wheel according to its degree of temperature will the
thread pass through it with freedom or difficulty.
Now I aim at overcoming the objections and difficulties by my invention.
According to this invention the wax, or other ingredients, such as, say bees wax,
which take the place of the ordinary wax usually employed, is first softened or
melted by heat, or by dissolving it with a volatile hydro-carbon, or other volatile
liquid, such as for instance, the commercial articles known as methylated spirit,
benzoline, or the like. But in the melting or softening of the wax 1 prefer
employing heat. When the wax has been sufficiently softened a suitable quantity
of such hydro-carbon or volatile liquid, say for example, benzoline, is well mixed
with the softened or melted wax which has the effect of retaining the wax in a soft
or molten constituency in proportion to the quantity of volatile liquid applied, and
which permits of the thread being properly waxed as it passes through the
molten composition.

page_text: When the waxed thread is in the work the volatile spirit will evaporate leaving
the sewn waxed seam solid. In order to use the above wax with a sewing machine,
a suitable wax pot or thread box is fixed or attached to the machine in any suitable
manner. The thread is arranged to pass from a ball or cop into the wax pot under
a guide for passing it through the wax and then up and through a suitable stripper
for regulating or controlling the adherence of the wax to the thread. The said
stripper nay consist of a rod screwed or otherwise fixed across the top of the wax
pot. At or near the centre of the rod may be cut or otherwise formed one or more
grooves of the same or varying size, or a single variable groove may be employed
which by simply turning the rod may be adapted to various sizes of threads. Or
when several grooves of varying sizes are employed it may be turned round as the
grooves wear, or adjusted backwards and forwards for bringing the different sized
grooves into action. From the top of the wax pot or from. a suitable support is
fixed a flat spring which presses against the above rod for stripping the wax off
the thread. The thread will then run through a tension wheel and if desired a
small piece of flat spring may be arranged to bear against the tension wheel for
removing any surplus wax which may have accumulated on. it. The thread may
then pass up the casing of the horn, which is preferably fitted to open on a. hinge,
instead of being screwed, and to be retained, in,a.closed position. by a.clip or other
suitable fastener. The casing of the horn may also be arranged, to act. as a spring,
or it may have a spring attached to it so as to touch, or nearly touch, the whirl for.
retaining the wax within the horn and preventing it from soiling, the lining of the
work operated upon. It also prevents the tacks from.passing into the casing and
down into the gear, as well as keeping them from being carried back again to the
whirl by the thread. The spring also controls the thread underneath from the
action of the whirl and the barb of the needle.
In order to make the tip and cap of the horn. more durable and. to prevent it
breaking or wearing away so readily and allowing of play between the whirl and
pinion as at present, or working loose and allowing of side play, all of which are
detrimental to efficient working, I make the tip and. cap practically in one piece
which makes the portion where the recess for the whirl is much stronger. In this
portion of the tip and cap may also be inserted one or more pieces of steel to form
an interchangeable bearing or bearings against which the whirl works. These
pieces of steel can be readily taken out and replaced when worn and they may be
fixed or retained in position by any suitable and convenient means. The cover or
cap is arranged to be readily and easily removed, and it is somewhat similar in
construction to the cover at the end of the arm as what is known in the boot and
shoe trade as an "elastic machine"; that is to say, it is formed somewhat in a Hat
shaped spring provided with a hole at one end. through which the needle passes,
and it may either be arranged to slide in a groove in the tip or attached thereto
by a pin or pivot on which it may turn, if desired.. Suitable pins may be provided
for retaining it in position. The holes in the cap may also be provided with a
bushing of metal or other suitable material which may be replaced when worn out.
Instead of the pinion being provided with a slot to engage with a pin fixed in
the vertical shaft in the horn, and which burrs up the pinion and causes a stoppage
when any expansion takes place, I lengthen the slot in the pinion and insert in the
vertical shaft a flat piece of metal which provides two flat surfaces instead of a
round one, to act against the faces of the slot. This permits of the operator
seeing readily the amount of play there is, in case of expansion.
Instead of employing the usual hole and screw in the needle bar, the hole is
drilled and tapped large enough to receive a bushing of metal, in the centre of
which is provided a hole to receive the needle. In the metal bu-hing is cut a slot
of suitable shape, preferably wedge shape, so as to receive a small steel plate
roughed or cut on one side to grip against the needle which is also roughed or cut
on the corresponding side so that when the needle is screwed against the steel
plate
it presses against the needle and prevents it from slipping. The plates and
bushings are arranged to be interchangeable and thus saves having a new needle

page_text: bar in the event of needle hole becoming too large. The screw hole may also be
similarly bushed in case of the stripping of the thread of the screw it may be
replaced.
Dated the Third day of August 1801
FREDERICK WILLIAM FARR,
By W. Fairburn-Hart,
Agent.
Improvements in or relating to Wax Thread Sewing Machines.
I, FREDERICK WILLIAM FARR, of 16 Mentmore Terrace, London Fields,
London, in the County of Middlesex, Boot and Shoe Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in sewing machines using a waxed thread,
such as for instance "sole sewers" used in the boot and shoe trade; and the
objects are, first, to secure a regular and uniform waxing of the thread without the
application of heat, thereby obviating the danger of damaging the thread by
burning it when the machine is at rest; second; guiding such waxed thread
through say the horn of the machine to the needle; and thirdly, to construct the
tip and cap of the horn, and pinion, and the needle bar of interchangeable parts
so that they may be readily turned or renewed as they wear away.
Hitherto in sewing machines using a waxed thread especially the sole sewing
type provided with a horn to pass within the boot or shoe when sewing the sole to
the upper, the thread before it is wound onto the spool is passed through a bath
of molten wax usually melted by heat, or else it is passed direct from such bath to
the needle and the parts through or over which the thread passes on its passage
from the spool, or bath direct to the whirl, or needle, is generally heated to
prevent the thread adhering to it or them, as well as to soften the thread and
make it more pliable and workable. The heating of the bath, horn and the
parts connected therewith is objectionable and has the effect of neutralizing the
waxing operation and also the thread is liable to get scorched and damaged when
standing in a heated born whilst the machine is at rest which is frequently the
cause of the boot or shoe ripping at the waist on the side where the stitching
commences. Further the tension on the thread is not reliable when the thread is
passed through a heated bath of wax owing to the over heating of the bath and
the difficulties of keeping it at an even and regular temperature; which not only
effects the wax, making it either thick or thin, but also acts upon the tension
wheel. Thus if the wax is very hot the wax will be thin and the thread will easily
and readily pass through it, but when the wax is only warm it is thicker,
consequently there is greater difficulty in running or passing the thread through
the same.
The same remarks also apply to the tension wheel, according to its
degree of temperature will the thread pass through it with freedom or difficulty.
Now I aim at overcoming the objections and difficulties by my invention, by
wax prepared as hereafter described, and by machinery constructed as herein set
forth.
In the drawings
Fig. 1 is a front elevation of a sewing machine with parts of my improvements
applied.
Figs. 2 and 3 are respectively a part sectional elevation and a front elevation of
a horn with improved thread box, wax box, and tensioning device applied.

page_text: Fig. 4 a part sectional elevation of tip of horn drawn to a larger scale than
Figs. 2 and 3, showing the whirl and cap in position.
of
Figs. 5 and 6 are sectional elevations of whirl suitable for use on this machine.
Figs. 7, to 12 are respectively sectional elevations, an end elevation, and plans
caps for horn.
Figs. 13 to 18 are respectively elevations and plans of thread tensioning device
applicable for use on the horn.
Figs. 19 and 20 are respectively a sectional elevation and an end elevation of
thread box.
Figs. 21 to 24 are respectively sectional elevations, an end elevation, and a plan
of wax box.
Figs. 25 to 31 are elevations and plans of stripping roller and stripper for
removing the surplus wax from the thread as it leaves the wax pot.
Figs. 32 to 34 are sectional elevations of needle bar and means for fixing the
needle in position.
Fige. 35 and 36 are part elevations of pinion shaft which drives the whirl.
Fig. 37 is a part sectional elevation of horn shown, the cop receiving box and
wax box are shown fixed on the horn in a horizontal position.
Figs. 38 to 43 are respectively side and end elevations of means for attaching
the end of the thread to the cop tube.
Like parts in all the views are marked with the same letters of reference.
According to this invention the wax (commonly termed shoemaker's wax) or
other ingredients, such as say, pitch, resin bees wax, or any such material's (so as
to alter colour according to the conditions under which the work is to be sewed),
which take the place of the ordinary wax usually employed, is or are first softened
or melted by heat or by dissolving it with a volatile hydro-carbon, or other volatile
liquid such as for instance the commercial articles known as methylated spirit.
benzoline, or the like. But in the melting or softening of the wax I prefer
employing heat. When the wax has been sufficiently softened, that is melted to a
liquid state, a suitable quantity of such hydro-carbon ar volatile liquid, say for
example in the proportion of, for about fourteen pounds of ordinary shoemaker's
wax, about one and a half pints of benzoline, is well mixed and worked into and with
the softened or melted wax which has the effect of retaining the wax in a soft or
molten consistency in proportion to the quantity of volatile liquid applied, and
which permits of the thread being properly waxed as it passes through the molten
composition. When the liquid wax is cold or nearly so it is better to well work it
which has a similar action in making wax tough and of good adhesive power, as
when the old wax is pulled, but that is not absolutely necessary although better
wax is made. The proportion of volatile liquid may be varied if required
according to the temperature of the weather, that is, say, more volatile liquid
being added in cold weather than in warm weather.
When the waxed thread is in the work the volatile spirit will evaporate leaving
the sewn waxed sea solid and not liable to be effected by the weather as is
frequently the case with ordinary wax to which heat is applied, and which requires
more grease to be added in winter than in summer in order to make it pliable and
workable.
By preparing the wax in the manner herein described the frequent or continuous
heating of the wax is obviated, and the wax only requires to be melted once, that
is prior to the volatile spirit-which in addition to being the softening agency also
acts as a lubricant-being added, thus preserving the wax in its original state and
nature.
The wax prepared as described is placed in a suitable receptacle ready to be
poured into the wax box of the machine when required for use. If desired the
thread may be passed through the herein described wax and wound onto a spool
ready for fixing onto the machine, the upper layers of waxed thread preventing
the spirit on the lower layers from evaporating.
By experimenting on Finlaysons six cord second quality grey thread-say in or

page_text: about yard lengths-it has been found the threads when exposed to the air for say
nearly four months will bear the following standards of pressure, namely :-
Cold waxed thread, forty-six and a half pounds.
=
Ordinary thread from ball, unwaxed, thirty-seven and a half pounds.
=
Ordinary thread unwaxed, heated two and a half minutes, thirty-four pounds.
Hot waxed thread (taken from spool),= thirty and a half pounds.
Coated with Americans solution,= twenty-eight pounds.
=
Ordinary thread, unwaxed, heated five minutes, twenty-six and a half pounds.
It is apparent from the above that the reduction in pressure and consequent
diminution in strength is due, first, to chemical decomposition in wax when heated,
the atoms being re-arranged when the wax is heated; second, to quicker oxidation,
owing to the atoms being heated and in motion.
By this process the threads covered with cold wax will, first, stand a greater
pressure than by any heating process; second, possess extra durability and be less
liable to oxidation.
I will now describe the improvements in sewing machines I propose making in
order to facilitate the use of the herein described wax.
A is the framework of, say, a Blake sewing machine on which is mounted the
horn B and the sewing mechanism all of which except where herein otherwise
described may be of ordinary construction. At Fig. 1 I have shown the needle
bar C, main driving shaft D. and an arrangement of gear for imparting an
intermittent rotary motion to the whirl. Motion is imparted to these parts by
ordinary and well known means not shown in the drawings.
E is the thread box inade of metal (see Figs. 19, 20, and 37) the horizontal
portion of which is cylindrical and which is bolted or otherwise fixed to the side
or end of the horn B. The cylindrical portion of the thread box may com-
municate with and is attached to a rectangular portion E (Fig. 19) arranged at a
right angle and provided with a hinged or sliding tapering end piece El so that
the thread may be easily got at. Within the cylindrical portion E is passed a
removable cop holder E armed with a pin E3 on which the ball or cop E₁ of
thread is placed. The front end E' of the removable cop holder E is prolonged,
reduced, bent, and shaped, as shown to form a tension spring and guide for the
thread as it passes from the cop E to the wax box. Suitable guides and
perforations being provided on or in it for directing the thread.
block E is also provided within the thread box and arranged to act against the
curved end of the tension spring E by a set screw E. Clips or other
fastenings E may be provided for retaining the hinged or sliding lid or en piece
in a closed position.
A tension
Fis the wax box made of metal (see Figs. 21 to 24) which is rectangular in
form and fixed to the horn B. The box F is provided with a hinged lid Fi
perforated with one or more holes through which the thread E** enters the box.
To the hinged lid is fixed a thread guide F2 which is jointed at and armed with
a stop piece to permit of a deep narrow box F being employed. Within the
box Fat or near its top or mouth is mounted the stripping roller or rod F³ as
shown.
At or near the centre of the roller or rod may be cut or otherwise formed one
or more grooves 2 (Fig. 29) of the same or varying sizes partially or entirely
round its periphery, or a single variable groove may be employed which by simply
turning the roller or rod may be adapted to various sizes of threads. Or when
several grooves of varying sizes are employed it may be turned round as the
grooves wear, or adjusted backwards and forwards for bringing the different sized
grooves into action."
From the top of the wax box or from a suitable support F'
is fixed one or more flat spring pieces F having straight or serrated edges of the
same or varying sizes (see Fig. 28) arranged to hear against the periphery of the
stripping roller or rod F³ for removing the surplus wax from the thread E** as
it issues from the box F. Or in place of the plates F a movable piece F³
(Figs. 30 and 31) may be arranged to pass into a slot hole provided for its

page_text: 4
reception in the lid F¹ and held in position by the V or bifurcated portion /³. A
series of conical or other grooves may be formed or provided in the removable
piece F so that in stripping the wax off there will be freedom for it to run back
into the box F, which presses against the above roller or rod for stripping the wax
off the thread.
The thread Ex after leaving box F passes to and through a tension wheel G
arranged on the horn B and if desired a small piece of flat spring may be arranged
to bear against the tension wheel for removing any further surplus wax which may
have accumulated on or adhered to it.
The tension wheel G may he either solid (Figs. 13 to 15) or formed in two
halves (Figs. 16 to 18) held together by the tension spring G¹ encircling the
supporting spindle or pin G2. When the tension wheel is made in halves, one
of said halves may be armed with ratchet teeth G³ with which engages a pawl G
mounted on the side of a band lever G'. The hand lever, pawl, and ratchet whee!
are provided for loosening the thread. The hand lever G³ is retained in its normal
position by the spring G one end of which is fixed to the horn. The tension
wheel G is mounted upon a suitable carriage G arranged to slide upon the horn B
and to be moved backwards and forwards thereon by means of the slotted lever G
(fulcrummed to the horn) engaging with the pin Go fixed to the sliding carriage.
A spring G may or may not be provided for retaining the tension wheel in
position. The thread Exx passes from tension wheel G up the casing H of the
horn, which is preferably fitted on supports H' and arranged to open on a hinge or
hinges instead of being screwed, and to be retained in a closed position by a clip
or other suitable fastener H2. The casing of the horn may also be arranged to act
as a spring, or it may have a spring H³ attached to its upper end so as to touch or
nearly touch the whirl for retaining the wax within the horn and preventing it
from soiling the lining of the work operated upon. It also prevents the tacks
from passing into the casing and down into the gear, as well as keeping them from
being carried back again to the whirl by the thread. The spring also holds and
controls the thread underneath from the action of the whirl and the barb of the
needle, and makes a more perfect loop.
In some cases, it will be found more advantageous to employ a less deep and
bulky wax box than that previously described which may be fixed in a horizontal
position on the horn B, as shown at Fig. 37, whereby the box will be brought
nearer to the tension wheel.
In this arrangement E is the thread box having a tube or pin E-fixed by any
suitable means to its end, on which the cop E is placed. The lid E' is arranged
so that it may be taken off whenever it is desired to place the cop in position and
press it on to the pin or tube E. In the centre of the lid E' is a bole through
which the thread E** passes to the tensioning device prior to entering the wax
box. The tension device consists of a pin E provided with a hole through which
the thread passes.
On the pin is mounted a washer E and a nut E' having a
helical spring interposed between them. On screwing the nut inwards the plate E
presses the thread against the lid whereby the tension or drag on the thread is
increased or decreased according to the position of the nut and plate on the screwed
pin E.
From the just named tension device the thread passes into the wax box Fover
its hinge F*, then down into the wax and under the guide F2, which is preferably
jointed near the top of the box, up to a grooved spindle F3 and the stripper F³,
which may be a piece of rubber suitably mounted in a holder over the top of the
spindle F and from thence to the fixed or adiustable tension wheel G and thence
up the horn to the whirl. The tension wheel may be of any suitable width and a
combined scraper and guide spout F** may be employed for removing any surplus
wax from the tension wheel G and conveying it back to the wax box.
-
For preventing the end of the thread which is wound on, say for example on a
tube, but to which tube itself or to the winding of a cop of thread thercon I
make no claim whatever-to form a cop from escaping therefrom and running into

page_text: or through the wax box; when the cop is finished I secure its end securely to the
tube by any suitable means. At Figs. 38 to 43 1 have shown by way of example
only, several ways of achieving this end, as for instance, the end of the thread E**
may either be fixed by glue, dextrine, or the like to the tube E***, or fastened to
the periphery of the tube by a paper, linen or other label O (Fig. 42); or a knot P
(Figs. 38 and 39) may be formed on the end of the thread to prevent it being
drawn from the inside of tube through a countersunk or other hole P' formed in
the tube; or the end of the tube may be split and the end of the thread passed
and secured therein by any suitable means, such as glue, or dextrine, as at Figs. 40
and 41; or the spindle E may be tapered so as to wedge the end of the thread
tightly between its periphery and the inner periphery of the tube as at Fig. 43;
or a knot may be formed on the end of the thread to prevent it escaping from the
hole in thread box after it leaves the tube of the cop.
In order to make the tip B' and cap B' of the horn more durable and to prevent
it breaking or wearing away so readily and allowing of play between the whirl I
and pinion I as at present, or working loose and allowing of side play all of which
are detrimental to efficient working, I make the tip and cap practically in one
piece which makes the portion where the recess for the whirl I is, much stronger.
In this portion of the tip B' and cap B2 may also be inserted one or more pieces or
bushes B³ of steel to form an interchangable bearing or bearings against which
the whirl works. These pieces of steel can be readily taken out and replaced
when worn and they may be fixed or retained in position by any suitable and
convenient means. Or the bush B³ may be made a fixture to the cap 12. The
cover or cap is arranged to be readily and easily removed, and it is somewhat
similar in construction to the cover at the end of the arm as what is known in the
boot and shoe trade as an Elastic Machine; that is to say it may be formed some-
what in a flat shaped spring provided with a hole at one end through which the
needle passes and it may either be arranged to slide in a groove as at Fig. 10 in
the tip or attached thereto by one or more pins or pivots on which it may turn if
desired. Suitable pins or projections B may be provided for retaining it in
position and for preventing side play. The pins or projections B are arranged to
fit into holes or engage with projections in or on the tip B'. The holes in the cap
may also he provided with a bushing of metal or other suitable material which
may be replaced when worn out.
The pinion I instead of being provided with a slot to engage with a pin fixed in
the inclined shaft 12 in the horn B and which burrs up the pinion and causes a
stoppage when any expansion takes place, I lengthen the slot in the pinion and
insert in the inclined shaft a flat or square piece of metal 13 which provides two
flat surfaces 11 instead of a round one, to act against the faces of the slot. This
permits of the operator seeing readily the amount of play there is, in case of
expansion.
Instead of employing the usual hole and screw in the needle bar C, the hole is
drilled and tapped large enough to receive a bushing of metal J Figs. 32 to 34 in
the centre of which is provided a hole to receive the needle K. In the metıl
bushing is cut a slot of suitable shape, preferably wedge shape, so as to receive a
small steel plate M roughed, serrated or cut on one side to grip against the needle
which is also roughed, serrated, or cut on the corresponding side so that when the
needle is screwed against the steel plate M it presses against the needle ant
prevents it from slipping. The plates and bushings are arranged to be inter-
changeable and thus saves having a new needle bar in the event of needle hole
becoming too large.
The screw hole may also be similarly bushed in case of the stripping of the
thread of the screw it may be replaced. In some cases the bushing J may be
dispensed with and the steel plate or wedge M arranged to be forced directly
against the serrated or roughened part of the needle K by the set screw N.
The action of the machine is as follows:-
:-
The cop E' of thread is placed upon the pin E³ of the cop holder E² within the

page_text: thread box E. The thread E** is then passed through, under, and around the
tension spring and guide E³, between block E7, up the rectangular portion El, and
out at the top to the wax box F. The thread Ex enters the wax box-which has
been previously filled with wax prepared as herein described-through its hinge l
lid F, down through the wax to the jointed guide F2 then up to and over the
stripping roller F³, and between stripper F. Thence from the box Funder
casing H to sliding tension wheel G, up the horn B inside of casing to the straight
or inclined hole I of the deeply recessed whirl I by which it is laid by any
convenient arrangement of intermittent rotary or other motion imparted to the
whirl, in the barb of the needle. Or the thread may pass from the cop to the
whirl as described with reference to Fig. 37.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
1 claim is
1. The combination of the ingredients substantially as herein set forth with
ordinary shoemaker's or other wax whereby it can be applied to and used with a
thread for sewing purposes without the application of heat as set forth.
2. Iu wax thread sewing machines the employment of a wax prepared
substantially as described and applied to the thread without the application of
heat as it passes from the cop to the needle substantially as and for the purposes
herein set forth.
3. In wax thread sewing machines the application of a thread coated with wax
prepared as herein described and applied without the application of heat, in com-
bination with the thread box E, wax box F, sliding tension pulley G, all mounted
on the horn B which is provided with a hinged casing and with a bushed tip and
cap substantially as herein set forth and illustrated.
4. In wax thread sewing machines using a thread coated with wax prepared
as bercin described and applied without the application of heat, the combination
of the thread box E, cop holder E2, tension device arranged within or without the
said box with the wax box having a hinged lid, a jointed thread guide, and stripping
piece and roller arranged within it or connected therewith substantially as berein
set forth and illustrated.
5. In wax thread sewing machines using a thread coated with wax prepared as
herein described and applied without the application of heat, the thread box and
parts connected therewith constructed and arranged substantially as herein described
and illustrated.
6. In wax thread sewing machines using a thread coated with wax prepared as
berein described and applied without the application of heat, the wax box and
parts connected therewith constructed and arranged substantially as herein
described and illustrated.
7. In wax thread sewing machines using a thread coated with wax prepared
as herein described and applied without the application of beat, the horn B
armed with a sliding tension wheel within its hinged casing and with a tip and cap
constructed and arranged substantially as herein described and illustrated.
Dated this Third day of May 1895.
FREDERICK WILLIAM FARR.