IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE TRAMWAY AND TRACTION ENGINES
Year: 1885

page_text: We, WILLIAM BURGESS JOHNSON and JOHN ALFRED JOHNSON of 33 King
Street Wigan in the County of Lancaster Civil and Mechanical Engineers do
hereby declare the nature of our invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE
TRAMWAY AND TRACTION ENGINES to be as follows:-
Our improvement consists in applying the Compound principle by four cylinders
two high and two low pressure to one pair of driving wheels First, by placing two
cylinders immediately in front of the ordinary two cylinder locomotive engine to
work by the piston rods being extended through the cylinder ends and one piston
rod working each pair of high and low pressure cylinder pistons, coupled to the
crank axle of the driving wheels in the case of inside cylinder engines, and to
the crank pin of the driving wheels in the case of outside cylinder engines by the
ordinary crosshead and connecting rods and is applicable to either inside or outside
cylinder engines with single pair of wheels, two pair, three pair or any practical
number coupled.
'
And is to work on the well known principle of Compound Engines, the bigh
and low pressure cylinders being placed either high or low pressure leading, or
alternatively high and low pressure but preferably the high and low pressure
cylinders in pairs, the high pressure leading and the low pressure behind or vice
versa. The steam goes direct from the boiler to the high pressure steam chest.
The steam from the high pressure cylinder may be taken direct into the low
pressure cylinder or may be superheated before being passed into the low pressure
cylinder by any of the usual processes and afterwards exhausted in the usual way.
The valves may be worked by the ordinary gearing, but preferably by
Mr D. Joy's valve gear or a modification of the same.
Second by placing four cylinders side by side two high and two low pressure
cylinders the steam passing into the high pressure cylinder and expanding in the
low pressure cylinder and to exhaust in the usual way.
The high pressure cylinder piston is connected to the crank axle of the driving
wheel and the low pressure cylinder piston to the crank pins in the driving wheels
being placed at quarter centres, this arrangement may be reversed by connecting
the low pressure piston to the crank axle of the driving wheels and the high
pressure piston to the crank pins on the driving wheels.

page_text: There are separate pistons and rods to each cylinder coupled to the driving axles
and wheels by connecting rods.
The steam may pass direct from the high to the low pressure cylinders or can be
superheated before doing so.
This arrangement can be worked by the ordinary valve gear, but preferably by
Mr David Joy's valve gear.
The areas of the cylinders are intended to be proportioned according to the well
known principles applied to compound engines.
1st We claim as our patent or invention the application of four cylinders
working Tandem with one piston rod to cach pair of cylinders and driving direct
onto the cranks at right angles to each other, to Locomotive traction and tramway
engines.
2nd And we further claim the arrangement of four cylinders side by side two
high pressure and two low pressure cylinders working coupled up together, and on
the same axle the high and low pressure cylinders being arranged at quarter
centres with one another, and the whole four being divided on equal centres round
the axle, two working inside and two as outside cylinders on the same driving axle
to equilize the strain and to equilibrate the engine, and is applicable to locomotive
traction and tramway engines.

page_text: Improvements in Locomotive Engines.
We WILLIAM BURGESS JOHNSON and JOHN ALFRED JOHNSON of 33 King
Street Wigan in the County of Lancaster Civil and Mechanical Engineers do
hereby declare the nature of our invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MECHANICAL
ARRANGEMENT OF COMPOUND LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
Our improvements consist in the arrangement of compound locomotive engines,
their cylinders valves pistons and connections to one pair of driving wheels which
may be coupled up to any practicablo number of wheels for adhesion, as shown on
the accompanying six sheets of Drawings marked Sheet 1, Sheet 2, Sheet 3 and
Sheet 4 and Sheets 5 and 6 (copies of diagrams forwarded with our provisional
specification) and of modifications of the same carried out as substantially shown
thereon and as substantially hereinafter described in this specification.
Sheet 1 figures 1 and 2 show ono modification or arrangement of our improve-
ments as applicable to outside cylinder passenger engines with either a single pair
or coupled driving wheels.
The cylinders are arranged tandem and are coupled up direct to the outside
crank pins by the pistons piston rods connecting rods and slides.
The High and Low pressure Valves are shown each set driven by one pair of
eccentrics, through one link driving one valve spindle a Fig. 2 in the low pressure
cylinder steam chest, which is carried through a stuffing box at the leading end of
the steam chest and coupled up to the valve spindle b of the High pressure valve
working in the High pressure valve chest, both valves being driven by one set of
eccentrics, link and valve spindle and working together.'
The plan Fig. 2 shows one half of the engine the other being in duplicate.
Both sets of valves are reversed and the expansion regulated by one reversing
shaft reversing rod and one reversing lever and quadrant or screw reversing gear..
The steam proceeds from the steam pipe in the boiler through the smoke box,
and branches off into the High pressure cylinders one of which is shown at O and
exhaust through the connecting pipe & Fig. 1 shown in dotted lines into the steam
chest of the Low pressure cylinder and the Low pressure cylinders exhaust in the
sinoke box through a breeches pipe, through the exhaust nozzle above the top row
of boiler tubes into the chimney.
The steam chests, and valves, spindles &c can be arranged on the top of the
outside cylinders and be driven either by a radial valve gear in a similar manner
to the inside cylinder engine Figs. 3 and 4 Sheet 2 or by a link motion through a
rocking shaft and levers connected to the valve spindles.
Sheet 2 Figs. 3 and 4 show our improved arrangement as carried out in inside
cylinder engines commonly used as the passenger type with 4 wheels coupled. In
the arrangement shown the valves are proposed to be driven by D. Joy's radial
valve gear, by an arrangement of levers working off the connecting rods, the
reversing of the engines being accomplished by means of the slotted links.
The arrangement of the cylinders and valves being as before described with the

page_text: exception that the steam chests of both the High and Low pressure cylinders are
fixed above their respective cylinders.
The High pressure steam chests are fed direct from the boiler by the steam
pipe Fig. 4 into the double steam chest; the High pressure cylinders exhaust
separately into their own exbaust pipe along each side of the Engine into their
respective Low pressure steam chests by the pipes k k Fig. 4.
The Low pressure steam chests communicate with one another through the
centre passage d. d. Fig. 3 at each side of the exhaust pipe e Fig. 3. The Low
pressure cylinders each exhaust into the central exhaust passage e¹ Fig. 4 and
through the blast pipe in the centre of the smoke box.
These inside cylinder engine valves can be worked by means of the link motion
and rocking shaft and levers should it be desired but we prefer the direct action
derived from radial valve gear a modification of which is shown in Fig. 3 and 4
Sheet 2.
Sheet 3. Figs. 5 and 6 shows an arrangement of our improvements in compound
engines, the cylinders are arranged side by side, two High pressure cylinders
outside and two low pressure cylinders inside the engine frame.
These engines can be arranged to have either the High or the Low pressure
cylinders outside, or one High and one Low pressure cylinder alternately, but we
prefer the arrangement as shown on Sheet 3 as being symmetrical and keeping the
width of the engine down, and because of the engines being better balanced.
The cylinders are arranged with their corresponding High and Low pressure
cylinder pistons connected to cranks at right angles and the whole of the cranks
and crank pins are arranged to be at quarter centres the one with the other round
the axle so that there is always one set of cranks and pistons off the dead centre,
the strain is equalized on the crank axle the engines practically balance one
another in rotating thus causing the engines to run with great steadiness.
The engine as shown on Sheet 3 Figs. 5 and 6 is arranged for the Low pressure
cylinders to communicate with one another through the passages G. G Fig. 5 at
each side of the exhaust pipe. The High pressure cylinders receive their steam
from the ordinary steam pipe in the smoke box by a branch proceeding to each
side of the engine, through the passage h, h Fig. 6; at the steam chest and exhaust
into the Low pressure cylinder steam chest through the passage ii the Low
pressure cylinders exhaust into the blast pipe j Fig. 6.
In all cases the low pressure steam chest will be fitted with the usual relief
valves and with warming pipes to enable the engine to be warmed up before
starting and all the cylinders will be provided with the usual pet cock arrangement.
Sheet 4. Figs. 7 and 8 show our improved arrangement as applied to goods
locomotives with either 6 or 8 or any practical number of wheels coupled, these
are shown as diagrams only, but the arrangements in detail are simply modifications
of the arrangements substantially as hereinbefore described in the proceeding
description of Sheets 1, 2 and 3, these arrangements can be applied to outside
cylinder goods engines, the bogies in that case having to be dispensed with and the
radial axles introduced as shown in Fig. 7 Sheet 4 or allowance made for play of
the axles by Cortazzi or other approved method in the 8 wheeled coupled arrange-
ment. Radial axles can be employed instead of bogies in either the 4 cylinders
side by side or Tandem engines when desired.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is
.
1at We do not claim generally the making and invention of compound engines
arranged tandem for outside cylinder engines but we do claim our arrangement of
Tandem locomotive engines with the valves worked and actuated as shown and
reversed and worked by one set of valve gear to each engine and substantially as
herein before set forth and described in this Specification and by the accompanying
drawings.

page_text: 2nd We do not claim generally the application of four cylinders as arranged
tandem for inside cylinder engines, but we do claim the arrangement of cylinder
valves cylinders and connections as shown with the cylinder valves and connections,
the valves being actuated and worked by one set of gear to each engine as borein-
before described in this specification and by the accompanying drawings.
3rd The application of Four cylinders arranged side by side two High pressure
and two Low pressure working compound on to one crank axle, the valves being
actuated either by a radial valve gear or the link motion, the cranks being placed
at right angles the one with the other and substantially as herein before set forth
and described in this specification and by the accompanying drawings.
4th The application of our improved arrangement of valves and connections to
tandem engines arranged for 6 or 8 or any other practicable number of wheels
coupled the leading end of the engine being carried either by a bogie truck radial
axles or traversing axles as may be convenient and substantially as herein before
set forth and described in this specification and by the accompanying drawings.