Liquids or Gases.
Year: 1884

page_text: Liquids or Gases.
I, HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of 67, Strand,. in the City of Westminster, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of said invention for PROCESS AND
APPARATUS FOR TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS WITH LIQUIDS OR GASES, a com-
munication to me from abroad by the firm of J. Brandt and G. W. v. Nawrocki,
of 124, Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, agents for the firm of Charles Weber & Co, Manu-
facturers, of Thano, Alsace, in the German Empire, to be as follows:-
This invention relates to a process and apparatus for scouring, bleaching and
dyeing all kinds of textile material, whether in the shape of yarn, cops or tissues,
by means of a liquid under direct and constant pressure and which is set in
continuous or intermittent circulation.
For this purpose I use an apparatus chiefly comprising an upright vessel
provided in its lower part with a perforated false bottom. Under the perforated
false bottom is situated a heating coil serving to heat the liquid in the vessel
according to requirements.
The upright vessel is connected through a tube or pipe with a force pump, the
suction pipe of which leads into a reservoir. The force pump is provided with a
pressure regulator consisting of a loaded valve which permits the surplus liquid to
pass into the above mentioned reservoir. The upright vessel is further connected
through suitable pipes with a rotary pump. The discharge pipe of this pump leads
to a spray producer arranged under the top cover of the upright vessel. The
rotary pump serves to produce a circulation of the liquid which is already
compressed by the force pump.
The liquid is sucked into the rotary pump from
the-bottom of the upright vessel and again introduced into the same as uniformly
as possible through the spray producer. The force pump and the rotary pump are
set in motion from the same driving shaft, and the rotary pump may be set in and
out of action by means of a suitable coupling.
The apparatus works as follows:
After the material to be treated has been introduced into the upright vessel,
the latter is closed and filled with liquid from the reservoir, preferably by means of

page_text: the rotary pump. The liquid in the upright vessel is then compressed to the
required pressure, after which the liquid is set in a continuous or intermittent
circulation by means of the rotary pump.
The force pump and rotary pump may be of any suitable construction, and
instead of the liquid a gaseous agent may be used. The pressure regulator and
the spray producer may be of any suitable construction.
For the purpose of treating textile material by means of a vacuum in combination
with a liquid under direct pressure and set in circulation, I use preferably a double
apparatus, that is to say, I introduce the material in two upright vessels (of similar
construction as above described) provided with perforated false bottoms. Each
vessel is connected with a pipe leading to an air pump adapted to produce a
vacuum in both vessels simultaneously if desired.
After the vacuum has been produced, the vessels are filled through cocks at
their bottom leading to the liquid reservoir, after which the liquid is compressed in
the same manner as above mentioned, by means of a force pump. The force pump
is connected with the vessels through suitable pipes and provided with a device
for regulating the stroke of the piston. This device comprises a screw spindle
connected with a lever from the end of which is suspended a slotted link receiving
in its slot the driving pin of the pump piston. The other end of the above
mentioned link is set in motion from the crank shaft by means of a connecting
rod. The above mentioned screw spindle is provided with a hand wheel, by
means of which it may be turned in a stationary screw nut so as to shift the link
and altering the stroke of the piston from zero to its maximum length during the
working of the apparatus. The pump is also provided with a pressure regulator
which serves to conduct the surplus liquid back into the liquid reservoir.
Subsequently a continuous or intermittent circulation of the liquid is caused in
the same manner as above described. The two vessels are connected with the
'rotary pump, the air pump, the force pump and the liquid reservoir by means of
'suitable pipes, and the latter are provided with a series of cocks and valves for the
purpose of effecting and controlling the circulation of the liquid.
The apparatus is so arranged, that it may be worked without vacuum, and
the vessels are surrounded with a jacket for the purpose of heating the liquid if
required.
For the purpose of scouring, bleaching, and dyeing textile material in the shape
of cops or bobbins, I proceed as follows.
The cops or bobbins are placed or wound on hollow spindles provided with
lateral perforations.
The hollow spindles are mounted in hollow plates or tubes arranged in an
upright vessel or vessels of similar construction as above described. The hollow
plates are closed at their circumference, but connected in the centre with a pipe
leading under the vessels. The hollow spindles serving to receive the cops or
bobbins are closed at their free end, and their shape or dimension varies according
to the shape or dimension of the cops or bobbins.
Each hollow spindle is connected with the hollow plates, or tubes by a screw
joint or other suitable joint.
The paper sleeves on which the cops are wound are provided with lateral holes,
or they may be entirely omitted, so that the cops that is to say, the threads are
placed on the naked spindle. After the hollow plates have been furnished with
cops or bobbins, they are placed in the upright vessels, and the latter are
hermetically closed, whereupon the vacuum is produced in the manner already
mentioned, after which liquid is caused to flow from the reservoir into the hollow
plates by opening the cocks leading to the bottom of the upright vessels.
The liquid then escapes through the hollow spindles and falls in drops to the
bottom of the vessel.
When the level of the liquid reaches the lowest row of cops, the liquid is cut off
from the hollow plates and allowed to enter the vessel directly through the top.

page_text: When the vessel is full, the liquid is compressed by means of the force pump,
which is fed from the reservoir.
The force pump is provided with an automatic pressure regulator consisting of
a cylinder in which the piston moves up and down. The cylinder is connected
with the discharge pipe of the compression pump.
The piston is loaded with an adjustable weight and connected with a lever,
which serves to shift the slotted driving link for the piston of the force pump, so
as to vary the stroke of the latter and thereby the pressure of the liquid in the
discharge pipe.
If the apparatus is in duplicate, that is to say if there are two vessels, the above
operation is first carried out in one vessel, and when terminated in the same, the
vacuum is produced in the other vessel, and the liquid is caused to pass from the
first vessel into the second either directly or through the hollow plates, in which
case the liquid penetrates the cops in the opposite direction. The two vessels are
adapted to work also simultaneously, and they are provided with a heating coil or
other suitable appliance for heating the liquid, the heating coil being preferably
placed in the reservoir. Instead of hollow plates, spiral tubes may be employed
for supporting the cops.
After the operation of scouring, bleaching or dying is terminated, the cops or
bobbins may be dried by forcing hot or cold air through the apparatus.
Instead of compressing the liquid by means of a pump or by pumping liquid
into the vessels, the liquid in the vessels may be compressed by means of a gas, for.
instance carbonic acid.

page_text: Process and Apparatus for Treating Textile Materials with
Liquids or Gases.
I, HERBERT JOHN HADDAN of 67 Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of said invention for PROCESS AND
APPARATUS FOR TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS WITH LIQUIDS OR GASES, a commu-
nication to me from abroad by J. Brandt and G. W. v. Nawrocki of 78 Friedrich-
Strasse, Berlin, Germany, agents for Charles Weber and Co of Thann, in the Empire
of Germany, Manufacturers, and in what manner the same is to be performed to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to the application of a liquid under direct pressure for the
purpose of scouring, bleaching and dyeing any sort of textile materials, whether
the same be in the shape of hanks, cops or woven fabrics. The invention further
relates to the combination of the liquid under direct pressure:
1) with continuous or intermittent circulation of this liquid, which may be cold
or warm.
2) with a vacuum, produced in the scouring, dyeing or bleaching vessel, and
3) with a vacuum, generated in the respective vessel, and continuous or inter-
mittent circulation of the cold or warm liquid.
The apparatus, which works after these different methods, may be constructed in
various manners.
The apparatus shewn by sheet I, for instance, is chiefly intended
to serve for the treatment of textile materials, either only with a liquid, under
direct pressure, or with this liquid in combination with continuous or intermittent
circulation of the same. But this apparatus may also work with a vacuum,
brought in connection with an air pump through a special pipe.
if
The apparatus, shown in vertical section by Fig. I and in plan by Fig. 2, consists
of an upright vessel A, provided in its lower part with a straining bottom a.
Under the bottom a is situated a heating serpentine a¹ for heating the liquid in A,
when required.
The vessel A is connected with a force pump through a pipe 61, the suction
pipe b of the pump leading to the tank C. The pump B is furnished with a
pressure regulator 62, consisting of a loaded valve, which, if the pressure exceeds
the intended limit, causes the excess of liquid to run back through the tube b³ into
the tank C. The vessel A is further in connection with a rotary pump D, through
pipes d d. The discharge tube d of this pump is connected with a spreading
appliance d³, situated under the upper cover of the vessel A.
The pump D serves to set in circulation the liquid, already set under pressure
by the aid of the pump B. The liquid is sucked through d¹ and again conducted
into the vessel A through d and d².
The
D
pumps B and D are actuated by the same axle E, but the pump
may be
set out of action by means of the coupling e. The two pumps are preferably
arranged on a little carriage in order to render them applicable for several
vessels A.
The method of operation is the following:
After the material to be treated has been brought into the vessel A, and the
Guld with the meaneative liquid which

page_text: may be advantageously effected by means of the pump D by bringing the tube d
in connection with the receptacle C. Subsequently the liquid situated in A is
brought to the intended pressure by means of the pump B, and the apparatus is
kept standing for a certain time, until the respective scouring, bleaching or dyeing
process has been completed.
The effect of this process may be still increased by setting the liquid in con-
tinuous or intermittent circulation by the aid of the pump D, without altering the
pressure in A.
It is evident, that the pumps B and D may be of any suitable construction and
that, in lieu of the liquid also a gaseous agent may be employed. Also the pressure
regulator b may be of any other suitable construction; the same is the case with
the distributing appliance or spray producer d³.
The apparatus, represented by sheet II, is chiefly intended to work with a
vacuum. But the same may work as well without a vacuum, as soon as its
connection with the air pump is interrupted.
The drawing shows a duplex arrangement. The material to be treated is intro-.
duced into the two vessels A A', which, like the former apparatus, are provided
with straining bottoms. Besides, each vessel is furnished with a tube V, leading
to the air pump, which may produce a vacuum simultaneously in both vessels.
After a vacuum has been produced in the vessels A A¹, they are filled with
liquid by means of hose pipes, screwed on to the lower cocks K K' and terminating
in the tank C; subsequently, the liquid is compressed, as with the aforementioned
apparatus, by means of the force pump B. A and A¹ may also be filled through
a special tube. The pump B is in connection with both vessels A A¹ by a suitable
tube b' and is provided with a device for regulating the stroke of the piston p.
during the working of the pump.
The device consists of the screw spindle v, supported by the stand of the crank-'
axle E, which spindle is connected with the lever 1, at the termination of which is
suspended the slotted link m, from which again is suspended the piston P of the
puinp. The other end of the link m is connected with the connecting rod n,
which. is actuated by the crank; mounted on the axle E. By turning the hand-
wheel of the spindle v, the stroke of the pump can be varied during work.
from zero up to the maximum. The pump is likewise provided with a pressure
regulator 62, which conducts the excess of liquid through tube 63 back to Ĉ. The
liquid is sucked from C, through pipe b.
As with the former apparatus, the effect may be increased by the liquid being
set in circulation continuously or intermittently.
This is effected by the pump D, which, by suitable tubing, is in connection with
both vessels A A¹. A branch of this tube conduit terminates in the receptacle C₁.
and serves, in case that the vessels A A¹ are not intended to work with a vacuum,
as suction pipe to the pump D, in order to fill the vessels A A¹ with liquid. The
said tube conduit is further furnished with a number of cocks, for effecting the
circulation of the liquid from one vessel to the other.
.
For the purpose of heating the fluid. in the vessels, if required, the vessels are
surrounded with a heating jacket.
The described process can be advantageously applied in the manufacture of
paper.
To scour, bleach and dye cops and spools, the latter are mounted on hollow
spindles, furnished with little holes and secured to hollow plates; subsequently the
cops, put on these plates, are heated with the required liquid in hermetically closed
vessels, with or without a vacuum.
.
The liquid is then set under pressure and may eventually be caused to circulate
at the same time.
'
The apparatus for the execution of this process is represented by the annexed
drawing, sheet III, as a duplex apparatus, but without essential alterations, the
same may also be constructed no a single paratus
I
.

page_text: .
The vessels A and A¹ are provided in the interior with a number of hollow
plates P, which are closed at their circumference, but are connected below by a pipe
joint t with a pipe a under the vessel A or A¹. The hollow plates P are furnished
at both sides with a number of studs or spindles D, on which the cops are mounted
or wound. As shewn by Fig. 5, sheet IV, which represents one of the spindles, the
spindles D are hollow, closed at their outer ends, and at the sides furnished
with little holes. The shape and dimensions of the spindles depend upon the shape
and dimensions of the cops and spools to be dyed.
r
The lower end of each spindle is provided with a screw-nut for the purpose of
fixing the spindles on corresponding screw joints, situated at the plates P. In
consequence, the hollow spindles are connected with the interior of the plate P.
The paper tube x, situated at the lower end of the cop, and which might pass
through the entire length of the cop, may be furnished with lateral holes or
better be entirely removed, so that the cop or the fibres are in direct contact with
the bare spindle D.
The two vessels A and A¹ are connected with each other and with a force pump B
by tubes.
The operation is as follows: After the plates P have been furnished with the
cops or spools, they are set into the vessels A A¹ and the latter hermetically closed.
Subsequently a vacuum is generated in A by the aid of an air pump, which is
connected with A and A¹ through tubes v and cocks v v². After this, the cocks c
and d are opened, whereupon the liquid contained in the receptacle C, runs
energetically into the plates P, and the hollow spindles D, penetrates the cops and
trickles on the bottom of the vessel A. In the moment that the level of the
liquid in A has risen up to the height of the lowermost row of cops, the cock d is
closed and the cock f opened for the purpose of causing the liquid to enter through
the cock directly into the vessel A.
When the vessel A is perfectly filled, the liquid is compressed by means of the
force pump B.
The pump B sucks the liquid through tube 6 out of the receptacle O and presses
the same through the tube 61 into the vessels A A¹
The pump is provided with an automatic pressure regulator R, which consists of
a cylinder r, in which the piston 7 moves to and fro. The cylinder r is connected
through a tube 2 with the discharge pipe b¹. The piston is loaded by a weight q,
the position of which on the lever S is variable. The lever S is connected by the
lever n with the slotted link m, from which is suspended the piston p of the
pump B, and which is moved by the connecting rod o from the crank shaft. The
intended pressure is determined by the weight q.
When the pressure has risen to the required height, the piston r¹ is lifted by the
further working of the machine and with it the lever S. The latter produces by
means of the lever n a horizontal motion of the link m and thereby a diminution
of the stroke of p. The highest position of the piston r¹ corresponds with a stroke
of the pump piston p, equal to zero, at which moment the pressure ceases to
increase.
The pump B must not necessarily be of the described construction, but may be
of any suitable design.
The operation being so far terminated, a vacuum is produced in the vessel A¹,
and the liquid is sucked out of the vessel A into A¹ either directly through the
tube T, or through the tube a, in which latter case the cops, situated in A, are
again penetrated by the liquid in the inverse sense. The same is subsequently
effected in A¹, when the liquid is sucked from A¹ into A. The used liquid is
replaced by fresh liquid, taken out of the tank C.
The two vessels A and A¹ may also work simultaneously. For heating the
liquid, when required, a heating serpentine x is arranged in the receptacle C, but
the liquid in C may be heated by other means.
Figs. 1 and 2, sheet IV, show in lieu of the plates spirally wound tubes W,
proceding from a common tube a and carrying the cops, as indicated in the

page_text: Figures. Figs. 3 and 4 represent a vessel, in which the hollow plates P. are
horizontal instead of vertical.
1
The application of the hollow and perforated spindles D allows all operations of
scouring, bleaching and dyeing to be effected with the cops, without taking them
off the spindles and without drying them between- the single operations. Only
when the cops are perfectly finished, a drying is necessary. The cops may be dried
by blowing by means of a fan, or similar contrivance to blow cold or warm air
through the tube a and the cops.
Instead of compressing the liquid situated in the vessels A and A', by the aid of
the pump, and the liquid discharged from the same, the pressure in the liquid may
also be produced by injecting a gas at a high pressure, for instance carbonic acid.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare, that what
I claim is
1.) Scouring, bleaching, or dyeing textile materials of any kind and at any stage
of manufacture, in hermetically closed vessels by means of hot or cold liquids,
subjected to direct pressure.
2.) The process of scouring, bleaching or dyeing textile materials of any kind
and at any stage of manufacture, which consists in subjecting them in hermetically
closed vessels to hot or cold liquids under direct pressure in combination with:
a) continuous or intermittent circulation of said liquid.
b) a vacuum produced in the apparatus.
c) a vacuum, produced in the apparatus, and with continuous or intermittent
circulation of the liquid.
3.) The apparatus for scouring bleaching and dyeing all kinds of textile materials
in various conditions, characterised by a vessel A, provided with staining bottom a,
heating coil a¹ and liquid distributing apparatus d³, in combination with a force
pump B having a pressure regulator 62, and with a pump D for producing a circu-
lation of the liquid, substantially as described and illustrated by Figs. 1 and 2 of
sheet I.
4.) The apparatus for scouring, bleaching and dyeing any kind of textile
materials in various conditions, characterised by one or more vessels A A',
provided with straining bottom and tube V, in combination with a force pump B,
having a pressure regulator and means for varying the stroke, for compressing the
liquid in A A¹, and with a pump D for producing a circulation of the liquid,
substantially as described and illustrated by Fig. 1, sheet II.
5.) In apparatus for scouring, bleaching and dyeing any kind of textile material
in any condition, the arrangement or application of a pump B for the compression
of the scouring, bleaching or dyeing liquor, substantially as described and illustrated
by sheets I and II.
6.) The method of scouring, bleaching or dyeing cops or bobbins by mounting
or winding them on hollow spindles, closed at the free end, open at the base and
perforated at the sides, (sheets III and IV), which spindles are secured on hollow
plates or tubes, then placing the cops or bobbins together with the said spindles
and plates or tubes in closed vessels and proceding in one of the following ways:
a) The vessel A is exhausted and the liquid admitted into the hollow spindle
through the pipe a. The liquid penetrates through the cops or bobbins and
falls upon the bottom of the vessel A, after which the vessel A is completely
filled with liquid, and the latter is compressed by means of any suitable
force pump B, fed by a liquid or gas.
b) The vessel A is filled with liquid through the pipe a, without previously
exhausting the vessel A, and the liquid is then compressed.
c) The cops or bobbins are treated as described under a) or b), whereupon the
liquid under pressure, contained in the vessel A, is set in continuous or inter-
mittent circulation by means of any suitable pump, or by causing the liquid
to pass from one vessel A into another vessel under the influence of a vacuum.

page_text: t
7.) In apparatus for scouring, bleaching or dyeing cops or bobbins, the application
of hollow spindles D (Fig. 3, sheet IV), closed at the free end, open at the base
and perforated at the sides, said spindles being screwed on hollow plates P, or on
tubes W, for allowing the respective scouring,-bleaching-or dyeing liquor to pass
through the cops or bobbins from the centre to their circumference and vice-versa
(sheets III and IV).
8.) Apparatus for scouring, bleaching or dyeing cops or bobbins, characterised
by plates P, situated in the vessels A. A¹, and provided with hollow cop-spindles D,
closed in front and perforated at the sides, said plates P being connected with a
main pipe a by means of pipe joints t, and by the arrangement or employment of
the force pump B, for compressing the liquor contained in A and A¹ (sbeet III).
9.) The combination of the pump mentioned under 8, with an automatic
regulator, comprising a barrel and piston 1, lever S with weight q, lever n,
slotted link m from which is suspended the piston p of the pump B, and the
connecting rod o (sheet III).