IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF CERTAIN SUBSTANCES FOR USE AS FOOD FOR ANIMALS
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Dewar, Doctor of Medicine, residing in
Kirkcaldy, in the County of Fife, North Britain, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF CERTAIN SUBSTANCES FOR USE AS
FOOD FOR ANIMALS."
Sealed the 13th January 1871, and dated the 2nd August 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Dewar at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd August 1870.
I, JAMES DEWAR, Doctor of Medicine, residing in Kirkcaldy,.in the
County of Fife, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREAMENT OF CERTAIN SUBSTANCES
FOR USE AS FOOD FOR ANIMALS," to be as follows:-
In the manufacture of farina and starch from potatoes there, remains a
considerable quantity of pulp which is thrown out as useless and allowed
to go to waste and become offensive; but which I find may be reclaimed
Other vegetable
and rendered suitable for food by artificial treatment.
substances such as, potatoes, turnips, beet root, cabbages, thistles, nettles,

page_text: and other esculent vegetable which afford in their natural state more or
less nutritious food may also by proper treatment be rendered much
more suitable for the purpose.
1
My Invention consists in an improved treatment of these substances
for the purposes of food. I take the potato pulp, and the other
vegetable substances above mentioned separately or mixed, and remove
the moisture therefrom by artificial pressure and evaporation with or
without the application of artificial heat. I then mix the substance so
compressed and dried with the substance called dreg which is the liquid
refuse of grain used in brewing and distilling, and then dry the com-
pound resulting from the mixture, and use the same as food for cattle,
horses, pigs, and other animals which eat vegetable food. The vegetable
matter after it has been compressed as above directed may be treated
with hot dreg at a temperature close upon boiling point until saturated
with dreg, after which the substance so treated is pressed and dried and
used as food for animals. The potato pulp may be dried with or
without artificial heat and steeped in dreg, animal broth, or blood,
separately or in combination, and when so treated used as food for
animals.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Dewar in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 1st February 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
DEWAR, Doctor of Medicine, residing in Kirkcaldy, in the County of
Fife, North Britain, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Second day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-fourth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said James Dewar, Her special licence that I, the said
James Dewar, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said James Dewar, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United

page_text: of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF CERTAIN
SUBSTANCES FOR USE AS FOOD FOR ANIMALS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said James Dewar, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Dewar, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, that is to say :-
In the manufacture of farina and starch from potatoes there remains
a considerable quantity of pulp usually designated potato fibre which
may be rendered useful for food by artificial treatment. Other vegetable
substances such as, turnips, potatoes, beet root, carrots, cabbages, thistles,
nettles, and other esculent vegetables after being pulped may also be
employed, and by similar treatment rendered suitable for food. I take
the potato pulp or fibre or the pulp of other vegetable substances such
as, turnips, potatoes, beet root, carrots, cabbages, thistles; nettles, or
other vegetable esculents separately or mixed, and where the moisture
is excessive I remove the same by draining or artificial pressure and
evaporation, with or without the application of artificial heat, and I
consider the moisture to be excessive so long as there is in the substance
more than about forty per centum of water. This substance is then
mixed with dreg, that is, with the liquid refuse of grain used in brewing
and distilling. This compound may then be used in that state as food
for cattle, horses, pigs, and other animals, or it may be dried and so used.
To this compound animal broth or blood may be added. The dreg may
be employed either hot or cold, but I prefer that it should be used at a
temperature close upon boiling point. The compound being thoroughly
saturated with dreg may be used in that state as food; or dried and
pressed and formed into cakes and used as food, for animals in the solid
form. Should the aforesaid pulp or fibre have undergone more or less
fermentation, and thus become distasteful as an article of food it can be
reclaimed for the purposes of my Invention by one or other of two

page_text: different processes, videlicet, by simple boiling or steaming by which
process the smell is greatly modified, and, when treated with dreg as
before directed and mixed with other food animals eat it readily, or
the acid may be neutralized by the addition of an alkali such as the
carbonate or bi-carbonate of soda. I also use for this purpose alkaline
earths such as either quicklime or chalk. In using quicklime or chalk,
I mix the ingredients in the proportion of two pounds thereof to one
hundredweight of the pulp or fibre. When carbonate or bi-carbonate
of soda is used I mix twenty-four ounces thereof with each hundred-
weight of the pulp or fibre. If, however, the fermentation has proceeded
to a considerable extent the quantity of alkali used should be greater
so as to secure neutralization of the acid as is well understood by all
persons conversant with chemical subjects.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I beg to state that I do not claim as my
Invention the employment of the substances before-mentioned as food
except when treated in the manner herein-before described, but I hereby
declare my Invention to consist in treating the above-mentioned sub-
stances in the manner described so as to render the same available for
food for animals.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Dewar, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of January, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.
JAMES DEWAR. (L.S.)