IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DECANTING LIQUIDS AND FOR PREVENTING OVERFLOW WHEN FILLING BARRELS OR OTHER " RECEPTACLES
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Douglas Glover Joy of Hull in the county of York
for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DECANTING LIQUIDS
AND FOR PREVENTING
OVERFLOW WHEN FILLING BARRELS OR OTHER
"
RECEPTACLES
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Douglas Glover Joy at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd November 1882.
DOUGLAS GLOVER JOY of Hull in the county of York
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR DECANTING LIQUIDS AND FOR PREVENTING OVERFLOW WHEN
FILLING BARRELS OR OTHER RECEPTACLES
23
The objects I claim for this invention are:-
'
1. To draw liquids from supply cisterns into casks or other vessels in such a
manner that when the casks are filled to the required depth, the liquid shall cease
to flow of its own accord without requiring the attendance of a man to shut a tap
and prevent running over.
2. To draw liquids from supply cisterns through a tap or other outlet at a
constant velocity independent of the height of the liquid above such tap or outlet.
3. To cool the liquids contained in the supply cisterns
The advantages of such an invention are obvious, to an oil merchant for example
who deals in several oils which he stores in different cisterns, for one man is
capable of doing the same work in nearly the same time as two or even three men
by the ordinary method of employing a man to each tap, because he need only
start the filling of each cask instead of idly watching the whole time for the
purpose of shutting the tap when the cask is full.
If it be required to mix say two oils in certain fixed proportions, these same two
oils can be stored in two separate cisterns each of which has an outlet tap opened
to the required proportion of the oil to be drawn through it.
These two taps will pass the required proportions of oil so long as the air pipe
bottoms are equally adjusted
By this arrangement mixed oils may be filled direct into casks with accuracy
thus avoiding the erroneous method of gauging the casks.

page_text: As this arrangement of cisterns necessitates air tight compartments, it may be
further utilized by acting as a refrigerator by connecting the upper parts of the
cisterns to an air pump which will draw off the air and create a partial vacuum
and thus both diminish the internal pressure and temperature-Oil refiners
frequently lose considerable time in being unable to fill warm oil into casks
because they would leak.
The apparatus can be arranged in various ways one plan is to bring one pipe
from just above the bottom of the cistern and another from a certain distance
above the bottom. This latter is brought through the top or side or bottom of the
cistern and alongside the first pipe or tap but ending just below the point to which
the barrel or other receptacle has to be filled These two pipes can have telescopic
or universal or radial arm joints so that their ends can be made to dip or close
together as desired into any reasonable height of cask and their height regulated as
required. A small air-cock is placed at the top of the cistern which is otherwise
close covered.
The mode of action is as follows: an empty cask is placed under the tap
proceeding from the bottom of the cistern and the air tap momentarily opened
which permits air to flow into the air space above the level of the liquid and thus
increases the pressure which was previously less than the atmosphere and this
increased pressure is communicated to the higher pipe, and causes the column of
liquid therein to escape into the cask the upper pipe being thus emptied the
inner tap commences to run and at a constant-velocity, because a volume of air
passes up through the upper pipe equal to the volume of liquid which flows through
the lower tap.
When the level of liquid in cask rises to the mouth of the upper pipe liquid
instead of air again rises up that pipe to the level of its orifice in the cistern when
--the flow_from_the_lower tap.ceases because an equilibrium is established between
the pressure of the outer air-and-the-pressure of the air inside the cask plus the
difference of the head of water in the respective pipes.
A modification also useful consists in bringing the two pipes (swivelling on
joints on the saine axial line) from the cistern down together to a two way cock
common to them both, having two orifices one for air and the other for the liquid
the air pipe orifice being the shorter, or in place of one cock two pipes with cocks
close together can be used.
Sometimes I fill several barrels of the same size at the same time from the same
cistern in this case I have several branches from a common lower orifice so
arranged that they shall all pour out equal streams
In this case a single upper pipe dipping into one of the barrels is sufficient to
stop all the flow into the barrels at the same time as the said barrels being supplied
by equal branch pipes fill to an equal height in equal amounts of time.
Again sometinies two liquids have to be mixed in definite quantities; in this
case I bring the lower pipes from both cisterns and the upper pipes from both
cisterns but prefer to unite the two so as to only give one orifice for the pair
of pipes. In some cases it is desirable to have the main cistern open In such
cases I connect it with a small covered cistern below by means of a pipe with stop
cock. In this case the pipe from the upper air pipe must be carried above the
level of the liquid in the main cistern Sometimes I place one pipe inside the
other when the bung holes are small and there is not room for two pipes abreast.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Douglas Glover Joy in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
3rd May 1883.
DOUGLAS GLOVER JOY of Hull in the county of York
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR DECANTING LIQUIDS AND FOR PREVENTING OVERFLOW WHEN
FILLING BARRELS OR OTHER RECEPTACLES"
The objects I claim for this invention aro
1. To draw liquids from supply cisterns into casks or other vessels in such a
manner that when the casks are filled to the required depth the liquid shall cease
to flow of its own accord without requiring the attendance of a man to shut the
tap and prevent running over.
2. To draw liquids from supply cisterns through a tap or other outlet at a
constant velocity independent of the height of the liquid above such tap or outlet.
3. To cool the liquids contained in the supply cistern.
The advantages of such an invention are obvious to Brewers, Chemical
Manufacturers Oil merchants or any other persons who store liquids in supply
cisterns for the purpose of drawing them off into casks or other vessels, for one
man is capable of doing the same work in nearly the same time as two or even
three men by the ordinary method of employing a man to each tap, because
he need only start the filling of each cask, instead of idly watching the whole time
for the purpose of shutting the tap when the cask is full.
As there is more time occupied in filling oil or other liquids into small casks
than large ones, Oil refiners usually charge their buyers an extra price and as tho
actual time of running oil into a cask is greater than that required for placing the
cask under the tap and eventually bringing it up and replacing it with another
empty one, it is plain that with my automatic arrangement the attendant will
have sufficient leisure to enable him to attend to two or three casks as he will
bring up one while another is being filled.
If it be required to mix say two oils in certain-fixed proportions these same two
oils can be stored in separate cisterns each of which has an outlet tap opened to
the required proportion of the oil to be drawn through it, as the efflux of liquids
through an orifice is directly proportionate to the area of such orifice These two
taps will pass the required proportions of oil so long as the air pipe bottoms aro
equally adjusted which is equivalent to maintaining the same head.
By this arrangement mixed oils may be filled direct into casks with accuracy
thus avoiding the erroneous method of gauging the casks
Oil refiners find that sometimes two batches of the same oil vary in refining and
therefore require to mix the two in certain proportions to give an average.
As this arrangement of cisterns necessitates air tight compartments it may be
further utilized by acting as a refrigerator by connecting the upper parts of the
cistern to an air pump which will draw off the air and create a partial vacuum
and thus both diminish the internal pressure and temperature Oil refiners
frequently lose considerable time in being unable to fill warm oil into casks both
because they would leak, and owing to expansion not contain the same quantity as
with colder oil.
Referring to the drawings
Fig 1. shows the simplest form of my apparatus. A is a pipe for adınitting air
temporarily as required. B pipe for filling cistern. C pipe for drawing off into
barrels. D pipe for regulating height of liquid in barrel and for stopping the flow
when it reaches that height.
The mode of action is as follows.
The barrel being placed in such a position that the two pipes C and D enter it,
the latter only to the height it is required to be filled, the cock A is temporarily
turned so as to equalize the pressure within and without the cistern.
It is then

page_text: turned off. The liquor is drawn from C, air taking its place through D, till the
mouth of D gets covered by liquor, when liquor instead of air rises in D, and the
flow ceases.
The barrel is then removed at leisure the cock being first closed and
another barrel placed in position the cock turned on and the air temporarily
admitted at A, when the liquor runs out of D and the operation proceeds as before.
Fig 2-is a side elevation, and Fig 4-a plan of a variation of the arrangement
in which the liquid and air tubes C and D respectively pass one through the other.
Fig 3 is a section showing the form piece entered into the bung hole of the
cask.
"
Fig 5 shows the apparatus at work. It will be seen that both tubes being
capable of rotating round the same axis can be raised and lowered to suit the
height of the barrel.
Figs 6 and 7 show another arrangement in which the height of the stoppage is
regulated by an air tube inside the cistern, instead of by an air tube dipping into
the barrel. C as before is the tube for drawing off liquor, D the tube bringing air
from the outside to the chamber. It passes through C and is brazed to it but the
whole is capable of rotation on the axes x-x. The height of the end E, of the
continuation F, of the air tube D inside the tank regulates the height at which
the liquor will stand in the barrel when the flow censes. In this case where the
angular movement of the tube C is never very great the tube D can oscillate too-
being kept sufficiently long for its end always to stand above the liquor in the
tank. If desirable however D can be male stationary and F oscillate on it like n
trunnion. By regulating the height of F the exact height at which the flow will
cease is determined. It will be obvious from this that it is not necessary for the
tube C to be connected with D and F, indeed D and F can be put on one side of
the tank and one or more tubes C branch off from the tank in other directions.
-Each-of the tubes C will cense to flow when the height of the liquor in its barrels
equals the height E. Fig-8 shows-a-plan view of C. D. and F thus independent
of C, and figure 9 shows the arrangement at work with six barrels being: filled
with a line of pipes C from a common pipe I, and a single pipe F, with orifice E
shown in dots, and pipe D as a stand pipe, all quite distinct from C By placing a
scale G in front of D with a pointer attached thereto the exact height of E is
indicated as shown in Fig 9.
It is necessary to have a cock on the outflow pipe C as if this be not turned off
when the barrel is removed the liquor will cominence running to waste, while the
filled barrel is being removed and another empty is being put in its place
To enable the barrel to be more easily removed from under the cock C the end
of C can be formed of flexible hose pipe
Having now described my invention and the best modes known to me of
carrying it out, I claim as my invention. protected under the Letters Patent.
1st The apparatus for decanting liquor constructed so that it shall stop
automatically as soon as the barrel or other receptacle is filled to the required
height substantially as above described.
2 The manufacture or use of apparatus for preventing overflow when filling
barrels or other receptacles from a closed reservoir or tank, in which the flow of
liquor into said barrels or receptacles is stopped at any desired level, no matter
what be the level of the liquid in the reservoir or tank, by adjusting the orifice of
an air supplying pipe to the said desired level substantially as described.
In witness whereof I, the said Douglas Glover Joy have hereunto set my hand
and seal this twenty fifth day of April in the year of our Lord one thousand
aight hundred and nighty three