IM- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CLEANING, GRINDING, AND BOLTING CORN AND OTHER GRAIN
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Archibald Brooman, of 166, Fleet Street,
in the City of London, E.C., Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CLEANING, GRINDING, AND BOLTING CORN
AND OTHER GRAIN."-A communication from abroad by Jean Baptiste
Falguière, of Marseilles.
Sealed the 25th November 1859, and dated the 28th May 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Archibald Brooman
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 28th May 1859.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, E.C., Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CLEANING, GRINDING, AND
BOLTING CORN AND OTHER GRAIN," (communicated to me from abroad by Jean
Baptiste Falguière, of Marseilles,) to be as follows:-
The three operations are conducted in three separate machines, but all are
necessary for the proper transformation of grain into flour.
The cleaning machine consists of a hopper, from which a shaker or sieve
delivers the grain through a spout into a separating cylinder set horizontally
or at a slight angle with a horizontal line, and caused to rotate; the good grain
separated from foreign substances and falls through a spout on to an endless.
screw, which conducts it into a cribble composed of an internal and external.
cylinder, both made to revolve at different speeds. The interior cylinder is of
wood covered with rasps or metal, with an exterior rasping surface, while the,"

page_text: inside surface of the outer cylinder is partly of similar rasps. The grain, husk,
&c., fall from the cribble into a chamber, where they are acted upon by a blast,
whereby all husk, dirt, &c. are driven off from the grain, which is taken by an
endless screw, and delivered into a hopper, from which it passes to be ground.
From a stirrer at the bottom of the hopper the grain passes into a shoot on to
a screw, which passes through the eye of a stationary grindstone. The screw
revolves with the revolving stone, and delivers the grain between the stones.
Instead of stones, steel or other suitable grinding surfaces may be used. The
stones are set vertically, and are of smaller diameter than those usually
employed. The working stone is driven at great speed, say, from 800 to 1,200
revolutions per minute. The non-rotating stone is capable of being moved to
and fro, in order to regulate the distance between the grinding surfaces.
From the stones the ground stuff is conducted through a spout into the
hopper of the bolting machine. This machine consists of an inclined drum,
clothed with silk or other suitable cloth, and divided into compartments; the
cloth round each separate compartment is of different degrees of fineness.
The divisions between the compartments are so arranged as not to allow of
the material passing them until it will no longer pass through the cloth round
the drum. The flour as it passes through the cloth out of the drum is received
in an outer case, is collected by an endless screw, and is delivered by it into a
spout. At the outlet from one compartment to the other is a circular
revolving brush, which brushes the bran, and prevents any flour being
carried away with it.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Archibald Brooman in the Great Seal Patent 2
Office on the 28th November 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, E.C.,
Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters 3
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Richard Archibald Brooman, Her special licence that I, the said Richard
Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such 3
others as I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors, adminis-

page_text: trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CLEANING, GRINDING, AND BOLTING
CORN AND OTHER GRAIN," (a communication from abroad by Jean Baptiste
Falguière, residing at Marseilles,) upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, that is to say:-
The three operations are conducted in three separate machines, but all are
necessary for the proper transformation of grain into flour.
The cleaning machine consists of a hopper from which a shaker or sieve
delivers the grain through a spout into a separating cylinder set horizontally,
or at a slight angle with a horizontal line, and caused to rotate; the good grain
is separated from foreign substances, and falls through a spout on to an endless
screw, which conducts it into a cribble composed of an internal and external
cylinder, both made to revolve at different speeds. The interior cylinder is of
wood, covered with rasps or metal with an exterior rasping surface, while the
inside surface of the outer cylinder is partly of similar rasps. The grain,
husk, &c. fall from the cribble into a chamber, where they are acted upon by
a blast, whereby all husk, dirt, &c. are driven off from the grain, which
is taken by an endless screw and delivered into a hopper, from which it
passes to be ground. From a stirrer at the bottom of the hopper the grain
passes into a shoot on to a screw, which passes through the eye of a stationary
grindstone. The screw revolves with the revolving stone, and delivers the
grain between the stones. Instead of stones, steel or other suitable grinding
surfaces may be used. The stones are set vertically, and are of smaller
diameter than those usually employed. The working stone is driven at great
speed, say, from 800 to 1,200 revolutions per minute. The non-rotating stone

page_text: is capable of being moved to and fro, in order to regulate the distance between
the grinding surfaces. From the stones the ground stuff is conducted through
a spout into the hopper of the bolting machine. This machine consists of an
inclined drum, clothed with silk or other suitable cloth, and divided into
compartments; the cloth round each separate compartment is of different
degrees of fineness. The divisions between the compartments are so arranged
as not to allow of the material passing them until it will no longer pass through
the cloth round the drum. The flour as it passes through the cloth out of the
drum is received in an outer case, is collected by an endless screw, and is
delivered by it into a spout. At the outlet from one compartment to the other
is a circular revolving brush, which brushes the bran, and prevents any flour
being carried away with it.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings shows in vertical section, and
Figure 2 in plan, a machine for cleansing corn, constructed according to this
Invention. Motion is communicated to the machine through a strap passing
round pulleys 1, 11, from a steam engine or other prime mover; a fork 2,
which is worked by a rod or lever 3, causes the strap to pass from the loose
pulley 1 to the fixed pulley 1, and vice versa. The main shaft 4, which turns
in the plummer blocks 9 and 9¹, carries the pulleys 1, 1, 5, 6, and 7, which,
through straps not shewn in the Drawing, drive respectively the pulleys
51, 6, 71, which are mounted on the shafts R, L, and H. The machine
consists or is chiefly composed of a separating or cleaning cylinder D, com-
monly called a "smut machine" of two cylinders or cribbles I and J, of a
blast fan K, and of a conducting regulating screw N. The corn or other
grain to be cleaned is placed in a hopper A, from which a shaker or sieve B
communicates with a spout C, that supplies the separating cylinder D with
grain. In this cylinder the corn is well shaken about in order to separate the
dirt and other foreign parts therefrom; the good corn then falls through a
pipe or passage E, into the cribbles I and J, while the foreign substances pass
off by the passage E¹. This cribble is composed of two concentric cylinders
I and J, which turn one within the other at different speeds. The interior
cylinder J is formed of wood covered with cast-iron rasps and provided with
blades or beaters; it is mounted on a shaft H, which is driven by a strap that
passes round the pulleys 7 and 71. The exterior cylinder is formed partly of
similar cast-iron rasps, and partly with a plain internal surface, and revolves
at a lesser speed than the interior cylinder; the shaft which carries this
cylinder is hollow, and it is driven by a strap passing round the pulleys 8
and 81; this same shaft carries a pulley 10, round which a strap passes to a
pulley 10', on the shaft G, which drives the cylinder D. The grain falls

page_text: through the openings o, formed in the hollow axle F, and is introduced, by
means of the screwed shaft p, into the space formed between the two cylinders
I and J, where it is subjected to the action of the beaters and to that of the
rasps, which pulverises all foreign materials and disengages the husk from the
grain. The grain then falls through an opening formed in the extremity of
the exterior cylinder I, the size of which opening is regulated by an adjusting
screw. The case M then receives the corn, which is afterwards subinitted to
the action of the blast K to remove the dust, husks, and other volatile
materials; the grain then falls on a screw N, which carries it to the mill
hopper or any other receptacle provided for the purpose.
Figure 3 is a view in vertical section, and Figure 4 is a view in plan, of a
mill constructed according to this Invention. a' is the hopper from which the
corn falls on to a distributor b, and from thence to an endless screw f; rotary
motion is communicated to the distributor 6 through a strap c, which passes
round the main shaft d, and a pulley on the shaft that carries the distributor.
The screw carries the grain between the millstones, , and the ground
corn or flour passes off by the passage g; this endless screw fis supported and
works at one side in a socket, whilst its opposite end is fitted in the frame i,
which is attached to a disc formed on or attached to a shaft h. It is in this
frame i that the movable grindstone is placed, and a rotary motion is com-
municated to the screw f, to the grindstone , and to the frame i¹, through
the rotation of the shaft h; the shaft h is driven by a strap that passes round
the pulleys n, n. Motive power is imparted to the shaft d through the fast
and loose pulleys j, j, or by any other more convenient mode of transmission.
The stationary grindstone 2 is placed in the frame k, which is fitted to the
hollow shaft m, which does not turn. This shaft m however is so arranged
that when necessary its distance, and with it the grindstone 7, can be adjusted
from that of the other or movable grindstone, by means of a fly wheel n, in
combination with an adjusting screw. The movable grindstone makes about
800 to 1,200 revolutions per minute. The shafts and turn in lubricated
bearings p, p'; as soon as the ground corn leaves the mill by the spout or
passage g, it is conducted or falls into the hopper of the bolting machine about
to be described.
Figure 5 is a longitudinal section of a bolting machine constructed according
to this Invention; and Figures 6 and 7 are cross sections of the same. The
ground corn which has been produced in the preceding and last operation is
Jed by the passage g, Figure 3, into a hopper a", Figure 5, and falls by the
passage 6 into an inclined cylinder e, in the interior of which rings dare
placed to divide the cylinder c into compartments. This cylinder is covered

page_text: .
or surrounded with silk of various degrees of fineness. The bolted flour which
passes through the silk is collected together by an endless screw e; the
cylinder c and the screw e are placed in a case f, at one extremity of which an
orifice is formed to allow the bran to run off. A strap placed round the
pulley h imparts motion to the shaft i of the cylinder c, while a pulley keyed
to the extremity of the shaft i, drives by means of a strap the pulley l, mounted
on the shaft m of the endless screw e.
Another important improvement in this bolting machine consists in having
arranged at each compartment in the cylinder c, a circular revolving brush in
order to detach the bran from the flour. In leaving a compartment the bran
passes by a central orifice o, formed in a fixed disc n, against which the
revolving brush p runs, which is fitted with a helical spring at back in order to
make it press against the disc; to pass from one compartment to another the
bran is submitted to the action of the brush which detaches the flour from it.
The three machines just described can be arranged one below the other in
order to form a single machine, or they can be placed at the side of one
another with the requisite accessories to connect the one with the other.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,-
First, the construction of a machine for cleaning corn and other grain as
berein-before described and illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying
Drawings.
Second, the construction of a machine for grinding corn and other grain as
herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 3 and 4 of the accompanying
Drawings.
Third, the construction of a machine for bolting ground corn and other
ground grain as herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 5, 6 and 7,
of the accompanying Drawings.
And fourth, the combination of the three machines for cleaning, grinding,
and bolting corn, in order that the three operations may be performed in one
and the same machine as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of November, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
D
A PROO