IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING. TRANSFERRING. AND PRINTING FROM PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES OR IMAGES. ALSO IN PREPARING MATERIALS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Pouncy, of Dorchester, in the County of Dorset,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING. TRANSFERRING. AND
PRINTING FROM PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES OR IMAGES. ALSO IN PREPARING
MATERIALS FOR THE SAME."
Sealed the 24th April 1863, and dated the 29th January 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Pouncy at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th January 1863.
I, JOHN POUNCY, of Dorchester, in the County of Dorset, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING, TRANSFERRING.
AND PRINTING FROM PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES OR IMAGES. ALSO IN PREPARING
MATERIALS FOR THE SAME," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in obtaining, transferring,
and printing from photographic pictures or images,also in preparing materials
for the same. For these purposes, in order to obtain photographic pictures or
images on paper or other surface, a preparation of black or other colored.ink
is employed to coat the paper or other surface on which the picture or image
is to be obtained by the action of light. The ink, or preparation consists of
carbon or other coloring matter, (according to the colour of the picture desired
to be produced,) fat, tallow, or oil, soap, bichromate of potash or bitumen, or
both, and benzole or other hydrocarbon or like spirit. These materials are to
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page_text: be prepared and applied to one surface of a piece of paper or other material
(on which a photographic image or picture is to be produced) in the dark,
or in a light which does not act photographically as solar light does. The
coated surface is to be dried and retained in the dark till about to be used, and
is then to have a photographic picture or image produced thereon according
to any of the usual modes. When the substance or material employed is
sufficiently transparent, such as paper, then the negative picture or image
inay be placed on the uncoated surface, and the light applied so as to act on
the coating through the paper or other sufficiently transparent substance or
material.
If the photographic picture or image is to be transferred on to stone or
other suitable surface to be printed from, then a larger quantity of oil or
grease is employed in preparing the ink or coating compound than when
the picture or image is simply taken on paper or other surface, and to be
used in that form. The light having produced the desired effect on the
coating, the parts rendered soluble are then washed off with benzole,
naptha, or like spirit or solvent. By these means the original pictures or
images which are produced by light on paper or other surfaces will be in
printing ink, or in a composition in the nature of printing ink.
When the composition or coating is applied to a lithographic stone, then
the surface of the stone is grained before the application of the coating, and
the surface of the coating is grained after it has been produced on the surface
of the stone.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Pouncy in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
28th July 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
POUNCY, of Dorchester, in the County of Dorset, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of January,in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said John Pouncy, Her special licence, that I, the said John Pouncy, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I. the said John
Pouncy, my executors, administrators, aud assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the

page_text: term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING'
TRANSFERRING, AND PRINTING FROM PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES OR IMAGES. ALSO IN
PREPARING MATERIALS FOR THE SAME," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said John Pouncy, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was 'to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Pouncy, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
My said Invention relates to certain improvements in obtaining, trans-
ferring, and printing from photographic or other pictures or images, and
also in preparing the materials for such processes; the main or principal
feature of my said Invention consisting in the employment of a sensitive
or sensitised ink or composition on which pictures or images may be pro-
duced by the agency of light, and which may be transferred or printed from
in the manner herein-after mentioned. The surfaces employed for the re-
ception of the pictures or images may be paper, silk, linen, cotton, or mixed
fabrics, leather, wood, ivory, glass, porcelain, or stone, or surfaces of metal
or of metallic alloys, or any surface adapted for the reception of the ink or
composition herein-after mentioned, may be used. The surface proposed to
be employed is coated with an ink or composition consisting of carbonaceous
or other colouring matter, (according to the colour or tiut of the picture
desired to be produced,) fat, tallow, or oil, bichromate of potash, or bitumen
of Judæa, or both of such last-mentioned substances, and benzole, turpentine,
or other hydrocarbon or analogous solvent. The respective proportions of
the several ingredients herein-before mentioned will vary with the circum-
stances attending the operation. The mode of compounding such ingredients
and the necessary proportions thereof will be well understood by persons
conversant with photographic manipulation, and with the preparation of
printing inks or compositions.
I may mention, however, that if the photographic picture or image is to be
transferred on to stone or any other surface suitable for being printed from, a
large quantity of oil or fatty matter is employed in preparing the ink or

page_text: sensitive composition that when the picture or image is simply taken on
paper or any other surface, and is to be used merely in that form. The ink
or composition must be prepared and applied to the surface of the material
employed in the dark, or in a place from which the actinic rays of light have
been excluded, or by an artificial light which does not act photographically.
The coated surface is to be dried and excluded from the light until it is about
to be used, when a photographic picture or image may be produced thereon
by any of the usual and known methods applicable to the purpose.
When the picture or image is to be produced by means of a negative picture
or image applied to the sensitized surface so prepared as aforesaid, and the
substance or material is sufficiently transparent to allow the rays of light to
act through the same, the negative picture or image may be placed on the
uncoated surface, and the light applied so as to act on the coating through
the transparent substance or material. The rays of light having hardened
those portions of the sensitized coating exposed thereto and produced the
desired effect, the parts not acted on thereby remain soluble, and are then
washed off with benzole, turpentine, naphtha, orother analogous hydrocarbon
or solvent. The picture or image will thus be left upon the surface employed
in printing ink, or in a composition in the nature of or analogous to printing
ink, and from which impressions can be obtained, as herein-after mentioned.
The pictures or images obtained in the manner herein-before mentioned
are applicable to a great variety of purposes, both useful and ornamental.
They may be preserved simply as works of art, or they may be transferred
(if a suitable material for receiving the sensitive coating has been employed)
to the surface of porcelain or other ceramic manufactures, and "burnt in
or permanently imparted thereto according to the well-known methods of
performing such operations.
$6
"
When the sensitive ink or composition is applied to a lithographic stone
for the purpose of printing therefrom, the surface of the stone must be
grained " before the application of the ink or composition, and the surface
of the coating should be also "grained" after it has been laid on the surface
of the stone. The process of "graining" is well understood, and therefore
I need not describe the same. Before transferring the picture to the stone
the surface thereof should be moistened with water, and it should be used
in the press in a cold state, and not heated, as is frequently the case in
ordinary lithographic printing.
I may observe that I have not in the foregoing statement entered into
the mode of action of the light upon the sensitive ink or composition so
employed as aforesaid, inasmuch as it is unnecessary for me to do so, the

page_text: effects produced upon such compounds being well known; neither have I
detailed the optical arrangements for primarily obtaining the pictures or
images, as such arrangements do not form any part of my said Invention
Having thus fully described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven
tion, and also the manner in which it is to be performed, I would observe
in conclusion, that what I consider novel and original, and therefore claim
as constituting my said Invention, are,-
Firstly, the production of photographic pictures or images by means of
the sensitised iuk or composition herein-before mentioned, or any sensitised
ink or composition analogous or equivalent thereto, in the manner herein-
before substantially set forth aud described.
Secondly, the methods of transferring the photographic pictures or images
so produced, as aforesaid, to the surfaces of such substances as herein-before
particularly mentioned, and of printing from such surfaces as are adapted
for such operation, as herein-before substantially set forth and described.
And, thirdly, the methods of preparing the several materials employed in
and processes aforesaid, as and for the purposes hereiu-before set forth and
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Pouncy, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
Witness,
E. P. H. VAUGHAN,
15, Southampton Buildings,
Agent for the Patentee.
JOHN POUNCY. (L.S.)