IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING SHEETS OF WROUGHT IRON."
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edmund Morewood and George Kogers, of Enfield,
in the County of Middlesex,' for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
COATING SHEETS OF WROUGHT IRON."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edmund Morewood and.
George Rogers at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 4th June, 1855.
We EDMUND MOREWOOD and GEORGE ROGERS, of Enfield, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for"" IMPROVEMENTS
IN COATING SHEETS OF WROUGHT IRON " to be follows:-
The object of this Invention is so to protect cleaned surfaces of sheets of
wrought iron that they will admit of being soldered without requiring to be
coated with tin. And the improvements consist in either applying a coating
of the protecting substances hereafter mentioned; directly on to the cleaned
sheets of iron, or else indirectly, by first depositing thereon a coating from solu-.
ions of copper, lead, zinc, bismuth, cadmium, or antimony, and then protecting"
the surfaces so coated with the substances liereafter mentioned. For these
purposes, the sheets of wrought iron are to be first cleansed by dilute acid in
the ordinary manner, then (either coated or not by depositions from the
metallic solutions above mentioned) they are to be covered over with someone-

page_text: By
or more of the following substances in a solved or melted state, vizt, tur-
pentine, resins, lac, gums, oil, grease, gelatinous or bituminous matter.
these means sheets of wrought iron may be prepared and retained in a clean
state, so as to admit of being soldered at a distant period after they have been
prepared.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the condition of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edmund Morewood and George Rogers in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 4th December 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, EDMUND
MOREWOOD and GEORGE ROGERS, of Enfield, in the County of Middlesex, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her Most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
Edmund Morewood and George Rogers, Her special licence that we, the
said Edmund Morewood and George Rogers, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said Edmund Morewood and George
Rogers, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any i time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING SHEETS
OF WROUGHT IRON," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
Edmund Morewood and George Rogers, by an instrument in writing under
our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, should parti-
cularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Edmund Morewood and George
Rogers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
The object of this Invention is so to protect cleaned surfaces of sheets of
wrought iron that they will admit of being soldered without requiring to be

page_text: coated with tin. And the improvements consist in either applying a coating of
the protecting substances hereafter mentioned, directly on to thecleanedsheets
of iron, or else indirectly, by first depositing thereón a coating from solutions of
copper, lead, zinc, bismuth, cadmium, or antimony, and then protecting the
surfaces so coated with the substances hereafter inentioned. For these pur-
poses the sheets of wrought iron are to be first cleansed by dilutė acid in the
ordinary manner.then(either coated or not by the depositions from the metallic
solutions above mentioned) they are to be covered over with some one or more
of the following substances in a solved or melted state, viz, turpentine, resins,
lac,gums, oil, grease, gelatinous or bituminous matter. By these means sheets
of wrought iron may be prepared ant retained in a clean state, so as to admit
of being soldered at a distant period after they have been prepared.
Having thus stated the nature of our said Invention, we will proceed to
describe more fully the manner of performing the same.
The object of this Invention is, as above stated, to give to cleaned surfaces
of sheets of wrought iron, and to sheets of wrought iron which have first hada
coating of copper, lead, zinc, bismuth, cadmium, or antimony deposited upon
them from solutions of those metals, a coating or coatings of turpentine, resins,
lac, gums, oils, grease, gelatinous or bituminous matter, as will so cover and
protect the surface of the sheets that it will admit of beingafterwards soldered.
By which means sheets of iron will be preserved and rendered suitable for a
great variety of purposes where sheets of ironcoated withmolten metal are now
employed, and such sheets, amongst other uses, are especially adapted for sheet
iron or tin-plate work which is to be painted or japanned. Such sheets are at
the same time less costly than tin and zinced plates, and by reason of their not
having been subjected to the action of molten metal,they for the most part, if
not entirely, retain their original even surfaces and ductility.
In carrying out our Invention we prefer to proceed as follows: -Ifthesheets
of wrought iron to receive the coating of preservative matter are first to receive
a coating by deposit from solutions of copper, lead, zinc, bismuth,cadinium,or
antimony, we obtain such coating from a solution, as is well understood; and
after having well washed such coated sheets in water to remove the solution,
we dip the wet plates into a melted mixture, consisting of about two-thirds
rosin and one-third grease, oil, or tallow; or it may be three-fourths turpentine
and one-fourth grease or tallow.
This mixture we keep at a temperature of about 250° Fahrenheit, in order
at one operation to accomplish the drying without exposure to the air, and the
application of a preservative coating, and one which will admit-of-soldering,
When the water has had time to boil off the surface of the sheets, we withdraw

page_text: them from the hot mixture above mentioned; and as we prefer that the coating
should be thin, we reduce it by rubbing in bran or sawdust kept hot in a flat-
bottomed pan of galvanized iron or other suitable material placed in a bath of
boiling water. After the plates have been thus treated, we prefer to coat them
further with a mixture combined at the rate of about three ounces of rosin and
six ounces of shellac dissolved in a gallon of spirit, such as wood spirit or
alcohol, or a mixture of them, now called methylated spirit, allowing the solu
tion to stand to settle for some time before using it: We then decant the clear
portion, and filter the remainder of the solution through fine calico or filter
paper,or otherwise, when the solution will be ready for use. Into this solution
or mixture we dip the plates, and ou withdrawing them we set them on edge
for a time to allow them to drain and dry. We sometimes omit dipping the
sheets into fused or melted matter, and in such case, on taking the sheets of
iron or coated iron with their surfaces still wet from being washed, we dry them
by placing them over a clean coke fire or in an oven, and afterwards apply to
them a coating of one or more of the preservative matters before referred to,at
the ordinary temperature of the atmosphere in a solved state, using for that
purpose the ordinary and proper solvents, as is well understood. But the
coating we in this case prefer is obtained by dipping the sheets so dried into a
solution combined in the proportions of two ounces of grease or tallow oroiland
ten ounces rosin dissolved in a gallon of good and clear coal naptha, or it may
be twelve ounces of turpentine and two ounces tallow dissolved in one gallon
of good and clear coal naptha, and after withdrawing them we set them on
their edge to dry; after they are dried we usually give them a further coating
(as before described) consisting of three ounces rosin and six ounces shellac,
which we apply by dipping the sheets into a solution of those matters,as before
described. When it is desired to coat sheet iron without first obtaining to the
surface thereof a coating of one of the metals above mentioned, we proceed in
like manner, that is, we take the cleaned sheets of iron, and by dipping them
in the coating matters referred to we obtain the desired coating or coatings, as
above described. When we use a solution ofgums, gelatinous or bituminous
matter, we usually make it in the proportion of two ounces or three ounces of
the solid matter to one gallon of the solvent, and we take care to free the
solution from all insoluble matter by allowing it to settle, and by afterwards
filtering it before use. After coating the sheets we dry them, by setting them
on edge over a coke fire or in a warm oven.
In soldering sheets which have coatings of resinous matters, we prefer to use
rosin in the inodewell understood in solderingtinnediron ortinnedplates,orwe
use a mixture of rosin of strong muriatic acid neutralized with zinc, in either

page_text: case applying the soldering iron, however, at a somewhat higher heatt han for
soldering tin plate. If the coatings be of bituminous matter, water gums,
gelatinous matter, or matters principally of oil or grease, we prefer to use in
the process of soldering muriatic acid neutralized with zinc, commonly called
killed spirits. We use it strong, clean, and perfectly neutralized with the
zinc, and we use it in the mode well understood, having in this case also the
soldering iron somewhat hotter than is usual in soldering tin plate.
In witness whereof, we, the said Edmund Morewood and George Rogers,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Fourth day of December,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
EDMUND MOREWOOD. (L.S.)
GEORGE ROGERS.
(L.S.)
Witness,
WM MILLS,
12, Cursitor Street, Chancery Lane.