IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING ROOMS PASSAGES AND BUILDINGS
Year: 1884

page_text: I ENOCH ROBINSON, of Chapel Hill, Dukinfield, in the county of Chester,
Surgeon, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
VENTILATING ROOMS PASSAGES AND BUILDINGS, to be as follows:-
My invention consists in forming a number of small apertures or openings
through the walls of rooms, passages and buildings such apertures being formed
as near to the ceiling or top of such rooms passages or buildings as possible-The
aforesaid apertures or openings communicate with the air in the interior of an
adjoining room passage or building or with the air upon the outside of such room
passage or building.
By means of the above described arrangement the air in the upper part of the room
passage or building before referred to will pass from one room passage or building
to another room passage or building or out of such room passage or building and
a supply of fresh air may flow into such room passage or building before named
from the air surrounding such room passage or building.
The above named apertures or openings I prefer to form straight so that they
may be readily kept open and cleansed for which purpose I in some cases propose
to line such apertures or openings with any suitable hard smooth material such as
glass or metal.

page_text: :
I ENOCH ROBINSON of Chapel Hill Dukinfield in the County of Chester
Surgeon do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
VENTILATING ROOMS, PASSAGES AND BUILDINGS and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention relates to ventilating rooms passages and buildings and consists in
forming apertures or openings through the walls of such rooms passages or
buildings which apertures or openings. communicate with the air in the interior of
an adjoining room passage or building.
In the accompanying drawing the diagram Fig 1 is a plan and the diagram
Fig 2 is an elevation partly in section of a house or building, illustrating a method
of carrying out my invention. a. b. c. d. are the rooms and e is a passage. Through
the walls I form apertures or openings g which apertures or openings g. I form.
near to the ceiling or top h of the room passage or building as shown in Fig 2.
For convenience of description I shall when referring to such apertures or openings g
generally refer to them as the apertures or openings g but when referring to them
in reference to a particular set of apertures or openings g I shall in addition to
the letter g add a letter indicating the particular apertures or openings referred to.
The air within the room a communicates with the external air by means of the
apertures or openings g², g² and by means of the apertures or openings g³ with the
adjoining room d and by means of the apertures or openings g with the passage e.
The air in the passage e communicates with the air outside the house or building
by means of the apertures or openings 'g, g at the opposite ends of such passage e
and by means of the apertures or openings g¹, y' g³, 'g³ communicates with the
rooms a, b, c, d respectively-The air in the rooms b, c d communicates with the
passage e by means of the apertures or openings g7, 98, 9 respectively and with the
air outside the house or building by the apertures or openings 910, 911, 912 913
ggs From the above it will be seen that the interiors of the rooms a. b. c. d.
and passage care in communication with each other and with the air outside the
house or building by means of the apertures or openings g. By the arrangement
above described the air in the rooms a, b, c d and passage e is prevented from
becoming stagnant..
•
If from any cause the pressure of the air within the room a decreases air will be
drawn into the room a, some through the apertures or openings g¹ g², some
through the apertures or openings-g³, and some through the apertures or openings g
Such passage of air into the rooin a will disturb the equilibrium of the air in the
adjoining room d, and passage.e, and also in the rooms b. c. and thereby cause some
of the air in the rooms b, c, d and passage e, to flow into the room a and such
flowing of air from the interiors of the rooms b, c d and passage e, will tend to
cause air from the outside of the house or building to flow into the interior of the
rooms b, c, d and passage e.
It will be readily understood from the preceding description that should the
pressure of the air in any of the rooms a. b. c. d decrease air will pass into such
room by means of the apertures or openings formed through the walls of. such.
room aforesaid either from the rooms adjoining or from the passage e, or from the
air outside the house or building.
It will also be seen that if the air outside the house or building be in motion
as for instance in the direction of the arrow. A air will enter the house or building
by the apertures or openings g15, g¹, g², g³, g¹º, and pass into the interior of the
rooms d, a, b, and passage e and will cause air to pass into the rooms c, from the

page_text: rooms by the apertures g16, and from the passage e by the apertures or openings g³
and the air in the room c will be thereby caused to pass out of the room c through
the apertures or openings g¹³, g¹³.
By the foregoing it is shewn that a circulation of the air in the interiors of the
rooms a b c d and passage e will be caused to take place either by a variation of
the pressure of the air contained in any or all of the rooms a, b, c, d and passage e
or by the movement of the air outside the house or building.
'
Although I have only shown my invention as applied to a house or building
having four rooms and a passage upon one level I would have it understood that
my said invention is also applicable to houses or buildings containing a greater or
less number of rooms or passages upon one or more levels.
The apertures or openings g, I propose to form straight so that they may be
readily kept open and cleaned and in order to facilitate the cleaning of such
apertures or openings g, I in some cases line the said apertures or openings g, with
any suitable hard smooth material such as cement or glass or metal tubes as shown
in Figs 3 and 4. Fig 3 being an end view and Fig 4 a longitudinal section of
one of the apertures or openings g, in which Figures g is the aperture or opening
j the cement or the glass or metal tube lining the said aperture or opening g and
k the material forming the wall in which the aperture or opening g is formed.
The apertures or openings g before mentioned may be circulars or of any other
desired shape so long as such apertures or openings g, can be readily cleaned.
In some cases I apply shutters or other similar appliances to the apertures or
openings g, forined through the outside walls of the house, or building so that the
quantity of air passing through such apertures or openings g may be controlled or
regulated.
I would have it understood that I do not confine myself to the use of any
particular number or size of apertures or openings g, formed through the walls of
rooms passages and buildings for the purpose above described as the number and
size of such apertures or openings g, may be modified as circumstances may require
but I prefer to make each of such apertures or openings g, of a diameter not
exceeding one half inch and I employ as many of such apertures or openings as
may be desired the greater the number of such apertures or openings g, employed
the less the tendency of such apertures or openings g, to produce an unpleasant or
injurious draught in the interior of the room passage or building to which such
apertures or openings g, are applied.
By employing the apertures or openings g, I cause the pressure of the air in the
interior of a room passage or building to be equal to the pressure of the air outside
such room passage or building and so prevent moisture from being drawn or forced
through the walls of such room passage or building aforesaid.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
The apertures or openings g, formed through the walls of rooms passages or
buildings near the ceilings or tops of such rooms passages or buildings substantially
as hereinbefore described and shown in reference to and in and by the drawing
hereunto annexed for the purpose of ventilating such rooms passages or buildings.
Dated this twenty fourth day of November 1884.