Improvements in and relating to Decorticators and Purifyers for Leguminous and similar Grain.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Jan., 1897-Accepted, 4th Sept., 1897
Improvements in and relating to Decorticators and Purifyers for
Leguminous and similar Grain.
We, JOHANNES HEYN, GB Grabower Street, of Stettin, Kingdom of Prussia,
Germany, Civil-engineer, and GUSTAV KADDATZ, of Duchow near Jasenitz, in the
Province of Pomerania, Germany, Chief-miller do hereby declare the natur of this
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention refers to decorticators and purifyers for leguminous and similar
grain, and our improvements in machines of said kind relate to forming the
working-surface or surfaces of the same by strips of sheet-metal arranged one
parallel to the other, and having each one of the rims or both the rims bent
angularly to the plane of the strip, and having further said bent-off rim or rims
provided with cut-outs or recesses turning the remaining portions of the rim or
rims into teeth.
Said teeth, or, more precisely, the edges of the same, form the decorticating-
means proper of the machine as do also the edges of the cut-outs or recesses afore-
mentioned, and by composing the working-surface or surfaces of the machine
of strips of the kind above indicated we obtain a working surface of a great
efficiency, in which the decorticating teeth cannot ever lose their proper relative
order, and allow of their being easily and conveniently reversed, so that the edges
of the other side may be used when those of the side first employed have got blunt.
The method of decortication is the same as with any other decorticator, in that
the grain is acted upon by the sharp edges of the numerous decorticating-teeth,
the latter passing constantly through the grain and removing the husks from the
leguminous cores.
The toothed strips in question are intended for decorticators and purifyers
with an inner drum, as well as for machines without such a drum. In this caso
the toothed strips are arranged upon the inner side of the mantle of the casing,
whereas in the other case the strips are arranged either upon the mantle surface
of the drum only, or upon the opposite surface of the casing, too.
We have shown some forms of construction in Figures 1-8 of the accompanying
drawing, in which A designates the strips, or, more precisely, the non-bent or
main portion of the same; a are the bent-off rims, and a are the teeth formed
out of said rims by cutting away or otherwise removing suitable portions of the
latter.
The strip A may have either but one bent-rim,, as in Figures 1 & 2, or two, as
in Figures 3-6; and when having two bent rims there may be either one of them
provided with teeth a¹, as in Figures 3 & 4, or both, as in Figures 5 & 6. The
length of the teeth, or the depth of the cut-outs respectively, need not indis-
pensably be so as shown in Figures 2, 4 & 6, but the cut-outs may continue down
to the base-portion of the strip, and may even continue into said portion, as
represented in Figures 7 & 8. It is to be seen here from that the decorticating

page_text: The
teeth may be formed by first punching the superfluous portions of the rim of we
strip out and then bending the remaining portions in the manner required.
position of the decorticating teeth with regard to the base-portion of the strip need
not be, however, a perfectly rectangular one, but said teeth may have an inclined
position, or may form with the base either an obtuse angle or an acute one; see
Figures 9 & 10.
Å decorticator and purifyer having its working-surface composed of our novel
toothed strips is shown in Figure 11. In this case the machine is a vertical one,
that is to say, the drum B contained within the casing C is secured to, and
rotated by, a vertical shaft B. The grain is introduced into the machine at C',
and removed from the same at C2, provided, the machine be caused to work in a
downward direction; when the reverse is to take place then the grain is introduced
at C3, and removed at C. The strips A are attached to the drum B as well as to
the casing C. but if the action of the machine is to be less strong then either the
drum only, or the casing only is furnished with said strips. If, however, the action
of the machine is to be more strong, then there are used strips of the kinds shown
in Figures 9 & 10, or the strips are arranged obliquely, or in an angle with the
longitudinal axis of the drum respectively, (see Figure 12, Sheet 2), or both these
arrangements are combined. If but the drum only or the casing only is furnished
with our novel toothed strips, the other part of the machine (i.e. the casing or the
drum, as the case may be) may be provided either with ordinary decorticating ledges,
or with brushes and the like. În order to regulate the action of the machine
we may cause the grain to leave the machine prior to having passed through the
whole length of the same. If, for instance, the machine works in an upright
direction, we may cause the grain to leave the machine not at C, but at C, and
we prefer to make the exit-nozzle displaceable or adjustable for the purpose just
imentioned. This manner of regulation is, of course, independent of the position
of the teeth, as well as of the arrangement of the strips, and as to the arrangement
shown in Figure 12 we wish it to be understood that the obliquity of the strips
may be the reverse one, if desired.
All we have said in the foregoing paragraph does not refer to vertical machines
only, but also to horizontal and inclined ones i.e. to machines in which the casing
or the drum is arranged upon a horizontal or inclined axle or shaft.
In
Securing the strips in position is preferably performed by ledges of angular
section that form grooves together with the part which they are attached to.
the form of construction of the machine as afore described (Figure 11) e are the
angular ledges; the strips are shoved one after the other between the said ledges,
or into the grooves respectively, and there arises thus by itself the proper relative
arrangement of the teeth. Holding the strips in the manner just treated affords
the advantage of an easy reversibility and exchangeability of the same, but we
do not limit ourselves to holding the strips only in that manner, as it will be
clear to every one versed in the art in question that other means for holding the
strips may be employed as well. Reversing the strips is necessary when the
working-edges of one side have become blunt, and exchanging the strips is, of
course, necessary, when also the edges of the other side have been worked off.
To show more clearly the wear and tear of the teeth we refer to Figure 13
(Sheet 2) in which the hatchet quadrangles g2 indicate teeth of the casing, and the
blank quadrangles a³ teeth of the drum. When the drum rotates in the direction
indicated by the arrow the teeth of the same will be worn off at their left hand
sides (with regard to the figure), and the teeth of the casing will be worn off
at their right hand sides. When the teeth have thus been worn off, the strips are
reversed so that the position of the teeth is that shown in Figure 14, in which now
the sharp edges of the other side are used. This will become still more clear
by regarding Figures 15 & 16, in which are represented portions of the casing C
and of the drum B, in natural size. Assumed, the strips are first used in the
position shown in Figure 15, they require reversion when their teeth have been
worked off in the manner and degree shown in the right hand part of Figure 13.

page_text: After the reversion the position of the strips is that represented in Figure 16
which corresponds to the position of the teeth shown in Figure 14. The direction
of movement of the drum B is the same as assumed in Figures 13 & 14 (see the
arrows).
Figure 17 shows a portion of a casing furnished with strips of the kind repre-
sented in Figures 7 & 8; Figure 19 shows a portion of a casing provided with
strips of the form of construction represented in Figure 9, and Figure 18 shows
these strips reversed. In Figure 17 the casing C is provided with perforations
or holes that serve for letting dust, impurities, and the like, escape; said per-
forations or holes coincide with the cut-outs or recesses between the teeth. To
increase the number of said holes beyond that of the recesses the base-portions
themselves may be provided with holes, for instance such as a in Figures 7 & 8.
The arrangement shown in Figure 19 is used when the effect of the machine
is to be decreased, whereas the arrangement shown in Figure 18 is employed
when an increase of the effect of the machine is desired. The effect is, of course,
also dependent on the number of the teeth, as well as on the edges situated between
the teeth, and also on the edges of the non-recessed ledges, if there be such ones.
The height of these last-mentioned ledges may be either greater than the height
of the remaining ledge-portions at the places of the recesses, or between the teeth
respectively (see Figure 20), or it may be lower (see Figure 21); in either case the
number of the active edges, or portions of edges, is increased, as is consequently
also the effect of the machine, but it is clear that in this respect the direction of
rotation of the machine forms a point of importance.
In Figures 22 & 23 (Sheet 1) we have represented a special form of construction
of the mantle. In this case the mantle is composed of the toothed strips, and of
a frame for holding these latter. The frame consists of a number of co-axially
arranged rings D, that are rigidly connected by bars E. The rings D are pro-
vided with grooves o for the reception of the toothed strips A, and they are
preferably composed of semi-circular parts which then are connected by plates u.
The abutting-ends of said semi-circular parts have cut-outs that afford an outer
access to the grooves, for the purpose of laying in the last strip belonging to a
series or round. Said cut-outs are covered by the plates u. The toothed strips
employed with the form of construction in question are preferably such as shown
in Figures 7 & 8, and we wish it to be understood, that in this case as well as
in all other ones the teeth need not indispensably be arranged in (parallel) lines
(see Figures 11-14) but may be arranged out of line, or regularly or irregularly
alternating respectively.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is :-
1. A decorticator or purifyer for leguminous and similar grain having its working
surface or surfaces formed of metal-strips one or both the rims of which are bent
and toothed, substantially as described.
2. A decorticator or purifyer for leguminous and similar grain, in which the
working surface of the casing or of the drum or of the casing and the drum con-
sists of metal-strips having each one of its rims or both the rims bent angularly
to its base-portion, and having said rim or rims provided with recesses, substantially
as described.
3. A decorticator or purifyer for leguminous and similar grain having its working
surface or surfaces formed of strips of sheet-metal provided with toothed rims;
the latter being bent into acute angles, rectangles, or obtuse angles, substantially
as described.
4. A decorticator or purffyer for leguminous and similar grain having its
working-surface or surfaces formed of parallel metal-strips one or both the rims
of which are bent and recessed; the recesses extending down into the base-

page_text: portions of said strips, and forming apertures between the latter, substantially
and for the purpose as described.
5. A decorticator or purifyer for leguminous and similar grain, having its
working surface or surfaces formed of parallel metal-strips one or both the rims
of which are bent and recessed; said metal strips having holes or apertures
located in their base-portions, substantially and for the purpose as described.
6. A decorticator or purifyer for leguminous and similar grain, in which the
working-surface of the casing or of the drum or of the casing and drum consists
of metal strips one or both the rims of which are bent and toothed; said strips
being arranged obliquely with regard to the axis of rotation of the machine,
substantially and for the purpose as described.
7. A decorticator or purifyer for leguminous and similar grain, in which the
working-surface of the casing or of the drum or of the casing and drum consists
of meta-strips one or both the rims of which are bent and toothed; said strips
being held within grooves, or by angular ledges forming grooves respectively,
substantially as described.
8. A decorticator or purifyer for leguminous and similar grain, having its casing
or mantle composed of co-axially arranged rings, rods or bars connecting said rings
and metal-strips arranged between two and two of said rings; the latter being
provided with grooves for the reception of said strips; and one or both the rims
of the strips being bent and toothed, substantially as described.
D
1002
VATO 4532
of January
100%
JOHANNES HEYN.
GUSTAV KADDATZ.
By Geo. H. Rayner,
Agent for the Applicants.