AN IMPROVED DYNAMO- ELECTRIC MACHINE
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Rankin Kennedy of Glasgow in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Electrician for an invention of " AN IMPROVED DYNAMO-
ELECTRIC MACHINE
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Rankin Kennedy at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th April 1882.
RANKIN KENNEDY, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Electrician, AN IMPROVED DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINE,"
"
This Invention which relates to an improved Dynamo-Electric machine has for
its object to obtain several currents of Electricity from one continuous rotating
wire. It has also for its object to provide for four, eight, or other even number of
fixed magnetic poles greater than two and to generate Electricity as the Armature
is passing between two similar poles as well as between dissimilar poles.
For the sake of simplicity the improved Dynamo-Electric Machine is herein
described as consisting of four fixed magnetic poles that is to say having two
similar poles above the rotating Armature and two similar poles below it,
the fixed magnetic poles being wound with wire in the usual way -.The.
armature consists of an inner ring or coil of wire wound continuously in one.
direction. This coil is overwound by covered wire in a direction at right angles to
that in which the wire of the coil is wound, for example to the depth of say, six
such overwindings.-At suitable intervals say for example at sixty-four intervals.
in the circumference of the ring the covered wire is led out from the armature and
soldered or otherwise attached to one of the insulated plates of the commutator;
the number of insulated plates or divisions of the commutator corresponding to
the number of intervals at which the wire is led off from the armature. Each
wire which is led off from the armature to the commutator is also led back there-.
from to the armature again so that the wire which overwinds the coil and joins the
commutators is endless or continuous throughout.
Brushes or their equivalents are applied to the commutator for taking off the
current in divisions corresponding to the number of poles produced in the armature:
which number of poles in the armature are regulated by the number of fixed.

page_text: magnetic poles, for example in a dynamo-electric machine having four fixed
magnetic poles as herein-before described there are six poles produced in the
armature so that six brushes are used to collect from the commutator the electricity
or current generated.
It is here explained that as the armature rotates the electricity is generated at
two opposite points between similar poles and at two other points at right angles
to the former between dissimilar poles.
From the brushes the currents may be carried off separately or collectively.
Instead of using a coil of iron wire as herein before described, a core consisting of
an iron ring may be substituted.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Rankin Kennedy in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
3rd October 1882.
RANKIN KENNEDY, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Electrician "AN IMPROVED DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINE"
My Invention relates to an improved Dynamo-Electric Machine, and has for its
object to obtain several currents of electricity from one continuous rotating wire.
It has also for its object to provide for four, eight, or other even number of fixed
magnetic poles greater than two and to generate Electricity as the armature is
passing between two similar poles as well as between dissimilar poles.
For the sake of simplicity the improved Dynamo-Electric Machine is herein
described as consisting of four fixed inagnetic poles, that is to say having two
similar poles above the rotating armature, and two similar poles below it, the fixed
magnetic poles being wound with wire in the usual way. The armature consists
of an inner ring or coil of wire wound continuously in one direction. This coil is
overwound by covered wire in a direction at right angles to that in which the wire
of the coil is wound, for example to the depth of say, six such overwindings. At
suitable intervals, say for example at sixty-four intervals in the circumference of
the ring, the covered wire is led out from the armature and soldered or otherwise
attached to one of the insulated plates of the commutator; the number of insulated
plates or divisions of the Commutator corresponding to the number of intervals at
which the wire is led off from the armature. Each wire which is led off from the
armature to the commutator is also led back therefrom to the armature again, so
that the wire which overwinds the coil and joins the commutators is endless or
continuous throughout.
Brushes or their equivalents are applied to the commutator for taking off the
current in divisions corresponding to the number of poles produced in the armature
which number of poles in the armature are regulated by the number of fixed
magnetic poles, for example in a Dynamo-Electric Machine having four fixed
magnetic poles as hereinbefore described, there are six poles produced in the

page_text: armature so that six brushes are used to collect from the Commutator, the electricity
or current generated.
It is here explained that as the armature rotates, the electricity is generated at
two opposite points between similar poles and at two other points at right angles
to the former between dissimilar poles.
From the brushes the currents may be carried off separately or collectively.
Instead of using a coil of Iron wire as hereinbefore described, a core consisting
of an Iron ring may be substituted.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood, I now proceed
more particularly to set forth the system, mode or manner, in or under which the
same is or may be used or practically carried into effect, reference being had to
the accompanying Drawings and to the letters and Figures marked thereon, that
is to say-
Figure 1, represents in side elevation a Dynamo-Electric Machine constructed
according to my Invention.
Figure 2, represents a plan of the same.
Figure 3, represents a transverse section taken through the rotating armature
and commutator drawn to a reduced scale.
In Figure 1, the similar pair of fixed magnetic poles above the rotating armature
are marked A, A, and the similar poles below the said rotating armature are
marked B, B. These magnetic poles are formed of soft iron cores, wound over
with insulated copper wire between the washers a, a.
The armature as shown at Figure 3 is formed of an inner ring or coil of soft iron
wire b, wound continuously in one direction and an outer coil c, of insulated
copper wire wound in a direction at right angles to that in which the inner coil b,
is wound. This last mentioned coil c, although forming one continuous conductor
is constructed of short lengths of insulated copper wire, the ends of which are led
off at intervals from the armature to the side thereof and are there soldered or
otherwise suitably connected with one of the insulated segments of the commutator d.
This commutator d. as shewn, is made up of a number of brass segments insulated
from one another by paper or any other suitable means, the number of segments
corresponding to the number of intervals at which the wire constituting the coil c,
is led off from the armature. Thus it will be seen that the current generated in one
short length of wire passes to the next length through one of the segments which
form one of the divisions of the commutator &, hereinbefore mentioned. Against
the periphery of the commutator d, the brushes e, e, are caused to bear, the necessary
pressure being effected by means of the thumb-screws f, f, which bear upon the metal
pieces g, g, which are fixed to the shafts h, h, upon which the bodies of the
brush holders i, i, are loose. These brushes e, e, correspond in number to the
number of poles produced in the armature which number of poles are regulated by
the number of fixed magnetic poles, which in the example represented in the
accompanying drawings is four (the two upper magnets A, A, being of north, and
the two lower magnets B, B, being of south polarity) in which case there are six
poles produced in the armature (alternately of North and South polarity) and a
corresponding number of brushes e, e, are used. The bodies of the brush holders
are held in position by the frame C, the position of which can be regulated by
means of the thumb-screw D, which bears when screwed down, upon the fixed
collar E, which is so formed upon the side frame F, of the box in which the
armature rotates, as to provide a bearing for the shaft G, of the same. From the
hereinbefore mentioned brushes e, e, the current may be carried off separately or
collectively from the terminals j, j.
The motion is imparted to the armature through the pulley H, and shaft G.-
The body of the arinature is constructed as shewn more particularly in Figure 3,
in which two corresponding rings I, I, of wood, are employed which rings at their
peripheries are turned off at an angle for a purpose hereinafter more particularly
described. To these rings are screwed the metal discs J, J, preferably sunk into
the sides thereof, these discs J, J, afford the necessary security by which the

page_text: armature is keyed to the shaft G, and are also drilled with a convenient number of
holes through which the bolts K, K, are passed. These bolts K, K, when screwed
up, bring the two parts of the body of the armature close to each other, and by
reason of the angles of the edges before referred to, and by virtue of their conical
shape, tighten the coils b, and c, constituting respectively the inner and outer coils
forming the armature.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the system, mode, or manner, in or under which the same is or may
be used or practically carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what
I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to
me by the hereinbefore in part recited Letters Patent, is :-
First. The arrangement and construction of Dynamo Machine herein before
described and shewn upon the annexed drawings.
Second. The arranging of the poles of Dynamo Machines in equal numbers of pairs
so that the pairs of poles above the armature are alike, and the pairs of poles below
the armature are alike whereby in the case of a Dynamo Machine having four
poles as shewn in the annexed Drawings six poles are produced in the armature as
hereinbefore described with reference to the annexed drawings.
In witness whereof I the said Rankin Kennedy have hereunto set my hand
and seal this Twenty-eighth day of September in the year of Our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty-two.
RANKIN KENNEDY (L.S.)

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