matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS, AND FOR GIVING SIGNALS ON THE SAME
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edwards at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
November 1869.
I, JOHN EDWARDS, of 157, Richmond Road, Hackney, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS, AND FOR GIVING SIGNALS
ON THE SAME," to be as follows:-
My improvements relate to an improved method of securing switches.
I fit a camb at the point of the tongue of the switch; this camb is so
connected to the signal lever that unless the switch is in its proper
position for the passage of a train the camb comes against the tongue of
the switch and prevents the signal being given; this camb I sometimes
make to fit the section of the switch to prevent it jumping, and also to hold
both tongues of the switch at the same time. Also to the application of
a base plate to sleepers to prevent the chairs cutting into the sleepers.
Also to the curving the edges of the chairs to prevent the same destruc-
tion of the sleepers. Also to the application of a safety signal to
railways; this signal is fixed near or to the signal post, and works with

page_text: the signal if required. A connection is taken from a lever fixed to the
rail, which is acted on by a passing train, and is made to strike a bell to
give warning to an engine driver; this safety signal is kept in action by
means of spring, and is always charged ready for its work. Also the
application of non-metallic rods for working the moveable parts of the
permanent way. These rods are cheaper than iron rods, and do not
contract by the action of the atmosphere.
AN IMPROVED TOBACCO РOUCH
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Quinton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
August 1869.
I, JAMES QUINTON, of Moorgate Street, in the City of London, Cigar
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED TOBACCO РOUCH," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention consists in the construction of an improved pouch for
containing and delivering tobacco to the pipe.
The improved pouch is formed of stiff paper, cardboard, or other
suitable material, and by preference of a cylindrical or rectangular
form. The lid moves hingewise. The bottom of the pouch is made so
that it may be moved freely up and down in the pouch, the lid being
connected to the moveable bottom by an india-rubber ring or spring
which keeps the lid closed. When required to charge a pipe the thumb
is pressed against the moveable bottom, which pushes up the tobacco

page_text: against the lid, and the tobacco opening it passes out of the pouch, and
the required quantity is removed; the lid then closes the pouch by the
action of its spring, pressure being used if required to push any excess
of tobacco back into the case again..
IMPROVEMENTS IN PULLEY ARRANGEMENTS APPLICABLE TO BLIND CORDS AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Holmes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
March 1869.
I, FREDERICK HOLMES, of Hatcham Road, in the County of Surrey,
Saw Mill Proprieter, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PULLEY ARRANGEMENTS APPLICABLE TO BLIND CORDS
AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
Instead of the ordinary rack and pulley round which works the
endless cord or band for causing the blind roller to rotate I adopt a
pulley with an adjusting spring arrangement as is hereafter exemplified
by the following descriptive statement of an instance of the way in
which I carry my Invention into practical effect. To a piece of india-
rubber I secure a pulley by means of a collar or socket which clasps
the same and through which a pin or rivet is passed. This pulley has
one of the bearings of its axis in an upright piece, forming one piece
with the said collar, or being otherwise securely attached thereto, the
other bearing of the pulley axis being on a piece which is free to move
on the pulley axis and has a catch which is fastened by means of the
projecting end of the pin, which passes through the collar and the

page_text: india-rubber as above stated; by which catch arrangement the endless
cord of the blind can be arranged on the pulley without disjoining the
cord. The other end of the india-rubber has a collar piece secured to
the india-rubber like the pulley end, and this has a part having a screw
orifice or other means of securing it to the window frame, which should
be in such position as to give sufficient tension to the endless cord.
Instead of india-rubber a spring of any other kind may be adopted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MILLSTONES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Swan at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th September
1869.
I, HENRY. SWAN, of Hammersmith, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF MILLSTONES," to be as follows:-
According to my Invention, instead of building up a millstone of
blocks or burrs of irregular dimensions and shape as hitherto, I reduce
all the burrs of which the millstone is to be composed to a uniform shape
and size with the object of saving the labour of furrowing the stone in
the first instance, and of facilitating the deepening of the furrows as the
stone wears; additional facilities are also obtained for repairing and
balancing the stone when required.
In carrying out my improvements I provide a metal frame consisting
of an inner and an outer ring, which rings are connected by a plate or
diaphragm at about mid depth of the frame. The space between the two
rings (on the one side of the diaphragm) to form the face of the stone
is divided into a number of fan-shaped spaces by radial divisions inclined

page_text: to the right or left to give the required "lead" to the furrows. The
burrs (previously made of a corresponding form to fit the compartments
of the framing) are set or partially recessed into the several spaces by
means of a suitable cement. The burrs project some distance out of the
frame, the spaces between formed by the radial divisions of the frame
being also filled up with cement. The divisions being previously placed
in the directions desired for the furrows it is simply necessary in order
to form furrows in the millstone to remove a portion of the cement from
the spaces between the burrs instead of cutting the furrows in the stone
itself as usual, or such spaces may be only partially filled with the same
object. The central space enclosed by the inner ring forms the eye of
the millstone.
By the above mode of construction should one or more of the burrs
((of which the stone is composed) require re-setting or become faulty they
may be readily replaced without disturbing any other part of the stone.
The back of the millstone framing is also provided with a number of
radial divisions forming compartments, in which I may place weights
or materials as required to weight and balance the stone, enclosing the
<whole with a cover or covers secured by screw bolts or otherwise.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR GALVANIZING METALS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th September 1869.-A communication from abroad by Victor
Jean Charles Roque, of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the "International Patent Office,"
No. 8, Southampton Buildings, London, Consulting Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR
GALVANIZING METALS," a communication, to be as follows:-
The said Invention relates to a process for galvanizing wrought and
cast iron and other metals by the humid way. The process which 1
employ for the galvanization of the aforesaid metals has the advantage
of the application of a metallic layer of a thickness sufficient to resist
all extremes of temperature. This result is obtained by the use of
chloride of aluminium which is the essential basis of the said process.
The operation is as follows:-The metals are first pickled in baths
composed of water, one thousand (1,000) parts; muriatic acid, three
hundred and fifty (350) parts; sulphuric acid, fifty (50) parts; and
glycerine twenty (20) parts; they are then immersed in a bath of

page_text: water, to which is added about ten per cent. of carbonate of potash.
The pickling being thus effected the metals are immersed in baths of
water and metallic salts kept in alkaline and potassic solution and
brought into contact with metallic zinc, where they are left for from
three to twelve hours according to the desired thickness of the metallic
layer. These divers products enter into the composition of the baths in
the following proportions, 1st, water, one thousand (1,000) litres; 2nd,
muriate of tin, five (5) kilogrammes; 3rd, chloride of zinc, four (4)
kilogrammes; 4th, bitartrate of potash, eight (S) kilogrammes; 5th,
sulphate of acid of alumina, four (4) kilogrammes; 6th, chloride of
aluminium, ten (10) kilogrammes. The proportions herein-above stated
of the various ingredients may be varied according to the material to be
galvanized.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHARCOAL FILTERS FOR PURIFYING WATER OR OTHER LIQUIDS, LIKEWISE IN THE MODE OF APPLYING THE SAME
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Prato and Francis
Polacco, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 18th August 1869.
We, JOSEPH PRATO and FRANCIS POLACCO, of Great Winchester Street,
London, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHARCOAL FILTERS FOR PURIFYING
WATER OR OTHER LIQUIDS, LIKEWISE IN THE MODE OF APPLYING THE SAME," to be
as follows:-
Our improvements consist in the use of plastic charcoal, either
animal, vegetable, or mineral, for the formation of our filters. We
prepare the charcoal by powdering it, and then mix it with cement
until it forms a paste of proper consistence; we form the charcoal thus
made plastic into vessels of any suitable configuration, each vessel
being formed in two or more parts in moulds, the separate parts being
afterwards united together by means of the plastic charcoal. The vessels
thus formed are dryed or baked until they become firm and solid. We
insert a small tube into the vessel, which communicates with the interior,
and on the outer end of this tube we attach another tube, flexible or

page_text: otherwise, and the filter is complete, ready for use. The mode of apply-
ing or using the same is simply to place it in the water or liquid, which
will percolate through the sides of the filter into the interior and flow
off through the tube or tubes. They may be made small and portable
so that they can be carried in the pocket ready for immediate use,
or of any size for domestic or other purposes, or a number of them
may be joined together by means of the tubes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLES FOR HOLDING POISONS AND OTHER PREPARATIONS
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Francis Lynch, of Aldersgate Street,
in the City of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BOTTLES FOR HOLDING POISONS AND OTHER PREPARATIONS."
Sealed the 3rd May 1870, and dated the 20th November 1809.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Francis Lynch
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 20th November 1869.
I, THOMAS FRANCIS LYNCH, of Aldersgate Street, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN BOTTLES FOR HOLDING POISONS AND OTHER PREPARATIONS," to be
as follows:-
The Invention has for its object "Improvements in Bottles for Holding
Poisons and other Preparations," and relates to the employment of means
whereby the bottle is caused to indicate to the sense of touch that the

page_text: contents are such as require to be cautiously used, thus, supposing
several bottles shall be employed in a sick room or elsewhere, by the use
of my Invention those containing poison or poisonous preparations will
afford a palpable indication of the fact. For this purpose I employ any
desired form of bottle, but projecting from the general surface of such bottle
and yet not so as to cover its entire area I form a number of separate
projections, which may be of a conical, spherical, square, or other suitable
form, and may be arranged in right lines along or around the bottle or
in spiral or other directions, but so as to compel the hand when grasping
the bottle to touch several of such projections. I prefer to arrange
these projections in rows in right lines from top to bottom of the bottle
with a sufficient space between each row to permit of a label being
gummed on the bottle. These projections I produce upon the bottle in
the following manner:-I employ a mould of the general configuration
of the bottle, but projecting outwards from the surface of such mould
are a number of separate recesses of any suitable shape and arrangement,
I then take a lump of glass from the "pot" and introduce it into the
mould, when by blowing it is caused to take the configuration of the
mould. Or I first produce a bottle of any desired configuration, and
then by blowing I fix a number of separate small lumps or projections
on the exterior thereof.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN GAS STOVES FOR COOKING PURPOSES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Williams at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th June
1869.
I, ALFRED WILLIAMS, of No. 64, Bankside, Southwark, in the County
of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN GAS STOVES FOR COOKING PURPOSES," to be as follows:→
My Invention consists in constructing gas stoves for cooking purposes
with the sides formed of glazed fire-tile or enamelled iron instead of
ordinary iron, as heretofore, whereby greater cleanliness and absence of
the objectionable smells arising from ordinary gas cooking stoves is
insured. For this purpose I construct a framework of metal, into the
open pannels, of which I then fit slabs or tiles of glazed fire-brick or
enamelled iron, the door being constructed in a similar manner. The
outer surface of the stove may be covered with a complete metal casing
if desired, or in place of fitting the glazed tiles or enamelled iron into a
framework they may be arranged as a complete lining cemented or
otherwise fixed into an outer casing of metal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FACILI TATING THE COPYING OF DRAWINGS AND OTHER REPRESENTATIONS, FORMS, OR DESIGNS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Michael Cotton and
Walter Field at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 14th October 1869.
We, FRANCIS MICHAEL COTTON, of Foulis Terrace, Brompton, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, and WALTER FIELD, of Lower
Tooting, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FACILI
TATING THE COPYING OF DRAWINGS AND OTHER REPRESENTATIONS, FORMS, OR DESIGNS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for
facilitating the copying of drawings, and other representations, forms, or
designs, for which purposes we protect the upper surface of the paper
or other material to be drawn or worked upon from the direct action of
the light and cause the necessary light to pass from behind through
the material containing the drawing, design, or representation, or
around the form to be copied as well as through the paper or other
material to be drawn or worked upon, and a transparent rest supporting
the same.
In carrying out the Invention' we use an adjustable transparent rest
or support which serves as a drawing board or desk in combination with

page_text: a guard, shade, or deflector for deflecting light from the upper surface of
the paper or other material to be drawn or worked upon, and an adjust-
able or other reflector for reflecting rays of light directly through the
rest or support, through the material containing the drawing, design, or
representation, or around the form to be copied, and through the material
to be drawn or worked upon. The rest or support may be made of glass
or other transparent substance suitably framed, and its construction
as well as that of the reflector or reflectors may bo varied to suit circum-
stances. In some cases the apparatus may be arranged upon suitable
stands with receptacles or drawers for containing drawing instruments
or other articles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY SLEEPERS OR SUPPORTS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bristow Hunt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
December 1869.-A communication from abroad by Charles Stanislas
Nestor Etey, of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, BRISTOW HUNT, of No. 1, Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY SLEEPERS OR SUPPORTS," (a com-
munication to me from abroad by Charles Stanislas Nestor Etey, of Paris,
in the Empire of France,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in forming railway sleepers or supports of a
core piece in cast or wrought iron enclosed in a coating of asphalt or
compact bitumen, Portland cement, concrete, or other analogous insu-
lating materials, as shewn in the accompanying Drawing, in which
Figure 1 is a cross section of a cross sleeper; Figure 2 is a plan of the
same; and Figure 3 is a section through A, B, Fig. 1.

page_text: a, a, represent the metallic core provided with bearings b, b, for the
base of the rails c, o, or of their corresponding chairs; d is the insulating
material in which is embedded the metallic core a, a; e, e, are bolts.
which
pass through the insulating matter, the core, and the base of the
rails or chairs to which they are screwed up by the nuts ƒ, ƒ.
IMPROVEMENT IN APPARATUS FOR DRAWING & PREVENTING WASTE OF WATER FROM PIPES, MAINS, CISTERNS, OR OTHER SOURCES USED FOR DOMESTIC OR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Chandler at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
April 1869.
I, JAMES CHANDLER, of 17, Cottage Grove, Mile End Road, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENT IN APPARATUS FOR DRAWING & PREVENTING
WASTE OF WATER FROM PIPES, MAINS, CISTERNS, OR OTHER SOURCES USED FOR
DOMESTIC OR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
A cistern without a division of the capacity of the maximum
quantity of water. The apparatus may be constructed to deliver at one
operation or draw. At the lower portion of the said cistern is fitted an
ordinary valve communicating with the discharge nozzle or outlet. A
second valve is also fitted in the said cistern communicating with the
source of supply, and by a lever or otherwise it is connected to the valve
first mentioned. I also attach to the second-mentioned valve and com-
municating therewith an ordinary ball valve or cock. The apparatus
is worked by a handle or lever, which handle or lever is connected to the
lever that connects the first & second mentioned valves together, but
which handle or lever is independent of the ball valve or cock.

page_text: The action of the apparatus is as follows:-Upon operating on the
handle or lever the second-mentioned valve is closed & by a little more
strain on the said handle or lever the first-mentioned valve is opened &
allows the contents of the cistern to flow out while the ball valve or
cock is gradually opening, & upon letting go the handle or lever the
first mentioned valve closes, & the second one is opened which allows
the water to flow into the cistern from the source of supply thro' the
ball valve or cock, upon which the said ball valve or cock comes into
action, & upon the water gaining its original level shuts. off the
supply.
Thus it will be understood that in this apparatus the valve com-
municating with the discharge nozzel or outlet must close before the
valve communicating with the source of supply opens, & consequently.
the apparatus cannot be left so that the water can run to waste from the
source of supply.
This apparatus is intended to be fixed more especially in houses over.
sinks & waterclosets, also in courts & alleys, etc., or be attached to any
stand, post, or pillar, or formed therein..
My claims consist as follows:-
Ist. Combination of a ball valve or cock with a shut off valve or cock
en source of supply in such a manner that the one works independent
of the other with a cistern without a division..
2nd. Combination of three valves with a cistern without a division,
viz., the shut off valve on source of supply, the ball or float valve or
cock attached thereto & the discharge valve at lower portion of said
cistern.
3rd. Application of the valves & working parts & principle of this
apparatus to existing cisterns used for domestic or other purposes.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF SPINNING OR TWISTING TWO OR MORE ENDS OF YARN AND SIMULTANEOUSLY TWISTING THE SAME INTO ONE THREAD
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Harrison Solly, Arthur
Isaac Solly, John Fielder Hall, and Richard Bailey at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 19th May
1869.
We, EDWARD HARRISON SOLLY, ARTHUR ISAAC SOLLY, and JOHN
FIELDER HALL, trading under the firm of Reade & Company, and
RICHARD BAILEY, Millman, all of Congleton, in the County of Chester,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF SPINNING OR TWISTING TWO OR MORE ENDS OF YARN AND
SIMULTANEOUSLY TWISTING THE SAME INTO ONE THREAD," to be as follows :—
Two or more spinning spindles are fixed in a frame, each fitted with
an egg-ended fly. The twisted ends from these spindles are collected
and passed over a roller and then guided down to a bobbin on a spindle
with a steel fly, the processes of spinning and of doubling or twisting
thus being carried on simultaneously; this combination of the twisting
and doubling machine being entirely new and to be used for silk, flax,
cotton and woollen or other yarns.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Henry Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd June 1869.
I, JAMES HENRY SMITH, (Sewing Machine Manufacturer,) of 34, Bast
Road, City Road, London, N., do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES," to be as follows :—
In constructing velocipedes according to this Invention the guiding
handle is made to turn on a socket fixed to the frame, and a spring is
adapted to the front wheel to prevent vibration of the guiding handle
and rider's arms in going over rough or uneven roads.
Another improvement consists in forming the fork of the front wheel
cranked, whereby the front wheel always inclines to a straight line with
the back wheel. I propose also to place a handle on each side of the
supporting rods and on the bolt of the spring, whereby the machine can
be pushed from behind when necessary. I also fix guards on the axle
or forks to protect the feet from getting between the forks and wheel.
I place conical nuts on each side of the bosses of the wheels to wedge,

page_text: and set, and hold the wheels firmly on their axles, the axles being made
round instead of square.
Lastly. I employ an improved brake to be worked by the foot by
means of a lever hinged to the frame, and I propose in combination
with the above arrangements to make the bar of the frame of the
velocipede hinged or jointed.
The above improvements are specially adapted to velocipedes made
with two wheels.
IMPROVED MEANS OR MACHINERY FOR SMOOTHING, MARKING, AND OILING BOBBINS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Watson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
December 1869.
I, HENRY WATSON, of Steeton-in-Craven, in the County of York,
Bobbin Turner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED MEANS OR MACHINERY FOR SMOOTHING, MARKING, AND OILING
BOBBINS," (to be as follows):
This Invention relates to the smoothing, marking, and oiling of
bobbins after they have been turned or cut to the proper shape by
ordinary means, and which has hitherto been effected chiefly by manual
labour at different times, or separate processes or operations, the
smoothing being effected by means of glass or sand paper.
Now my improvements consist in the construction of a machine
capable of self-acting by effecting these operations at one process with
great rapidity. This machine comprises a series of rotary spindles
with holders mounted in two discs or circular face plates concentrically
with the axis or shaft upon which the said discs also rotate. The
spindles and holders are so arranged that bobbins may be self-actingly
fed from a hopper to them in succession, when each bobbin is seized

page_text: between the holders of two opposite spindles brought into action by cam
grooves operating at suitable times. Rotary motion of the two discs or
plates is given at a slow speed by an ordinary driving belt, and quick
rotary motion is given to the two series of spindles by two belts each
embracing one series of the said spindles. A trough is provided to
which is supplied pulverized glass, or stone, or a combination of both.
When motion is given to the discs and spindles with the bobbins thereon
they are carried into, amongst, and through the said pulverized glass or
stone which smooths them. At another part of the revolution of the
discs the bobbins are brought into contact with brushes or sponges kept
saturated with oil, and at another part of the revolution the bobbins are
brought in contact with marking apparatus, which may be either an
impressing stamp or one to be supplied with colouring matter, and
having its surface a segment of a circle or cylinder and hinged so that
as the bobbins pass it the surfaces of the said stamp and bobbins will roll
together, and any device, design, or lettering on the said stamp will be
impressed or printed on the bobbins in passage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BLACKING
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur McDougall at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
November 1869.
I, ARTHUR M DOUGALL, of the Firm of M°Dougall, Brothers, of tho
City of Manchester, Manufacturing Chemists, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
BLACKING," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in a new and improved method of
treating certain of the constituents of blacking so as to effect a saving
in the cost of manufacture, and also to produce a blacking which will
have a less destructive effect upon leather.
In the ordinary methods of making blacking animal charcoal is one
of the principal ingredients. This is treated with a proportion of
sulphuric acid, and the result is a paste consisting principally of an acid
soluble phosphate of lime, sulphate of lime, and very finely divided
carbonaceous matter. This paste or product is then mixed with oil,
treacle, vinegar, and other ingredients so as to produce what is known.
as blacking. Blacking so prepared has a strong acid reaction owing
to the presence of the acid phosphate of lime, which has also a tendency

page_text: to rot the leather to which such blacking is applied; and the acid
phosphate of lime is not a useful ingredient in the blacking.
My improvements consist in removing the soluble acid phosphate of
lime produced by the mixture of animal charcoal with sulphuric acid by
mixing the same with water and removing the soluble matter by solution,
and separating the solid matter by subsidence, pressure, and filtration, or
other suitable means. In place of the sulphuric acid hydrochloric or
other acid may be employed. The solid matter can then be mixed with
the other usual ingredients for the preparation of blacking, and the
liquid portion may be used for agricultural or other purposes. By this
means a blacking of superior quality will be produced and the valuable
acid phosphate of lime be utilized and turned to profitable account.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF PILES ON NET OR LACE OR OTHER FABRIC MADE ON TWIST LACE MACHINES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Wright and Isaac Fox
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 3rd November 1869.
We, THOMAS WRIGHT and ISAAC Fox, both of the Town and County
of the Town of Nottingham, Lace Manufacturers, do hereby declare tho
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF PILES ON NET OR LACE OR
OTHER FABRIC MADE ON TWIST LACE MACHINES," to be as follows :-
To effect the object of our Invention we employ a bar the length
required by the machine, and in, on, or upon this bar we secure pieces of
brass or other metal so that these pieces shall stand up and project above
the bar. Two or more of these pieces we braze or otherwise join
together at the top thereof for a short distance; or we may employ a
piece of metal slit through itself placed at a short distance from the top
thereof towards the upper edge of the bar; in either case such slit is
made of sufficient width to allow a carriage or carriages, or a point or
points to pass through or into the slit. The thread or threads which

page_text: form the pile or piles are supplied from warp beams, or from spoles, the
upper pointed ends of the pieces of metal being tapered so as to allow
the piles to slip off, such upper pointed ends resting upon the lower
edge of the work bar.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR DAMPING AND PRESSING SIMULTANEOUSLY THE SURFACE OF CLOTH AND FELTED FABRICS PREVIOUS TO FINISHING
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Victor Ohemery at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd.
September 1869.
I, VICTOR CHEMERY, of Sedan, France, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS
FOR DAMPING AND PRESSING SIMULTANEOUSLY THE SURFACE OF CLOTH AND FELTED
FABRICS PREVIOUS TO FINISHING," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an apparatus to be employed in damping the
surface of fabrics as they pass from between the glossing cylinder and its
pressing bed, whereby a permanent lustre is produced, which resists the
action of the goose or smoothing iron generally used by tailors. The
damping apparatus is composed of two pipes or tubes one placed within
the other, a space being formed between them. The inner one is per-
forated with holes preferably at the lower part, and is furnished with
washers or distancing plates upon which the outer tube rests. The steam
which passes through the perforations is distributed over the intire inner
surface of the outer tube, which latter is covered with felt and perforated
with holes, preferably at its upper part. Steam is admitted under pressure
into the inner tube, it passes through the perforations into the open space

page_text: between the two tubes, where it becomes through distributed; it then
passes through the upper set of perforations, and mixes itself in the felt
with which the outer tube is covered. The damping apparatus is situated
behind and parallel to a pressing cylinder, between which and a moveable
pressing bed, heated by steam, the fabric is made to pass, and becomes at
once acted upon by the steam passing through the felt of the damping
apparatus, which latter may be set at more or less distance from the
cloth or fabric for causing the steam to impinge upon its entire surface
whilst being drawn forward by suitable drawing rollers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER BLIND FURNITURE
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Joseph Billing at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th June 1869.
I, ALFRED JOSEPH BILLING, of No. 11, White Lion Street, Chelsea,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER BLIND FURNITURE," to be as
follows:-
The centre spindles or pins on which the roller turns are each formed
at one end with a screw, by preference tapering, to screw into the end of
the roller, or in place of being formed with a screw these parts of the
pins which pass into the ends of the roller may be jagged, serrated,
barbed, or otherwise roughened better to hold in the holes made for
them; that at the wheel end has the wheel applied to it. I in some
cases apply a cap or ferrule to each end of the roller more securely to
hold the parts together. By these means simplicity and security are
obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF JET AND OTHER ORNAMENTS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Douglas at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 3rd April 1869.
I, WILLIAM HENRY DOUGLAS, of No. 59, High Street, Stourbridge, in
the County of Worcester, Silversmith and Jeweller, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF JET AND OTHER ORNAMENTS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in ornamenting articles made of jet and
vulcanite by sinking the surface to be ornamented, and securing gold
leaf and enamel (such as lavender and white) thereto as required. The
gold leaf is secured by means of gold varnish, and the enamelled surfaces
are formed by a mixture of the varnish and colour.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GRATE BARS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jonathan Thompson Gaze and
James Hymas at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 23rd February 1869.
We, JONATHAN THOMPSON GAZE and JAMES HYMAS, of Erith, in the
County of Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GRATE BARS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has reference to improvements in grate bars for the
purpose of heating the feed water prior to its entrance into the boiler.
We cast or form the grate bars together in sections or groups of three,
by preference, with spaces between for the admission of air, so that
they form three ribs connected at intervals by narrow strips. The
centre bar or rib is tubular with a coupling joint at each end, whilst the
bars immediately adjoining are solid. The ends of the grate bars rest upon
suitable bearing bars in the furnace. The tubular grate bars are connected
alternately by elbow tubes so as to form a continuous passage through-
out. The feed water is pumped into the tubular grate bars at one end,
and passes entirely through the whole tubular surface before entering
into the boiler, by which means it is considerably heated.

page_text: The advantages of these improvements are, first, that there is great
economy of fuel consequent on this simple mode of heating the feed
water; second, that the lifetime of the grate bars is much increased
through their being kept cool by the feed water passing through
them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BEDSTEADS AND IN ELASTIC SEATS AND CUSHIONS, AND IN SPRINGS TO BE USED FOR THE SAME
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Timothy Whitby at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
December 1869.
I, TIMOTHY WHITBY, of No. 3, Wellesley Road, Maldon Road, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BEDSTEADS AND IN ELASTIC SEATS AND CUSHIONS, AND
IN SPRINGS TO BE USED FOR THE SAME," to be as follows:-
In constructing elastic seats and cushions or the supporting surface
of a bedstead I make them up of springs of steel hardened and tempered ;.
each spring is composed of a strip of flat steel, which may either be
formed with transverse corrugations or may have a loop or bend formed:
in it at one or more points in its length. The spring at each end has a
slot or hole formed through it by which it may be connected to the frame
of the bedstead, or seat, or cushion. The several springs of which a seat
or cushion is composed are by preference interlaced in a similar manner
to the metal laths of an ordinary metal bedstead, and for a bedstead I
usually form each spring with a single loop or bend at one end only

page_text: thus
but two or more bends or loops may be formed in each spring
if desired. Each spring when being hardened and tempered is by
preference held bent in a circle with its two ends together so that each
finished spring has a tendency to assume this form.
AN IMPROVED WATCH PROTECTOR
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Kajetan Kraus at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th.
September 1869.
I, KAJETAN KRAUS, of Sidmouth Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Manufacturing Jeweller, do hereby declare the nature of my said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED WATCH PROTECTOR," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a simple and effective watch protector to be
worn on the person for the purpose of preventing the watch from being
stolen from the pocket and detached from the ordinary chain by the
removal of the bow of the watch.
According to my Invention I propose to attach the watch by a short
and strong safety chain of steel or other metal, which chain is attached
at one end by a swivel or loose eye to the thin part of the projection or
stud of the watch which carries the bow, the enlarged head of such stud
preventing the eye of the safety chain from being detached, whilst at
the same time the eye is free to revolve round the shank of the stud.
The other end of this safety chain is attached to a clip or fastening which
is secured to the edge of the watch pocket or other convenient part of the

page_text: dress. This fastening may or may not be more or less ornamented on
the outside, and is composed of a plate having another plate hinged to
the back, which latter plate is inserted into the pocket and then secured
by a screw having a swivel head and carried in the back plate, such
screw passing through the material of the dress into the screwed hole
in the front plate. If desired the usual watch chain attached to the
bow may be worn in addition to the safety chain.
A NEW OR IMPROVED TUBULAR APPARATUS FOR BRUSHING AND WET-RUBBING HAIR
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Paul de Meyrignac at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 7th December 1869.
I, HENRI PAUL DE MEYRIGNAC, of Paris, Boulevard de Strasbourg,
No. 23, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
OR IMPROVED TUBULAR APPARATUS FOR BRUSHING AND WET-RUBBING HAIR," to
be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing a tubular vessel, one end of
which is closed by a cover, while the other end (by preference bent
round at or about right angles to the body of the vessel) is formed into
a socket for receiving either a brush surface, a comb, or a sponge. The
base upon which the brush, comb, or sponge is fixed is formed with one
or more apertures through which the medicated or other fluid escapes
among the bristles of the brush, or into the hollow teeth of the comb or
cells of the sponge, whereby it is conveyed to the hair by the act of
brushing, combing, or rubbing the same. The tube is provided with a
cock above the socket, by turning which the passage of the fluid may be
regulated or intercepted, and an aperture is formed at the rear end of
the tube through which air is admitted in order to allow of the escape

page_text: of the fluid. Or if it be required that the fluid shall be capable of
passing on to the brush, no matter in what position the instrument is
held, a piston may be fitted into the tube provided with a rack passing
through the cover of the tube, and in gear with a pinion actuated by a
spring in such manner that the piston is forced forward in the tube so
as to expel the fluid into the brush. The brush surface is by preference
made of a spherical, rounded, or elliptic form.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREAKS FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Roberts and
Edward Simons at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 14th October 1869.
We, JOHN HENRY ROBERTS and EDWARD SIMONS, both of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREAKS FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES," to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to self-acting breaks which can be put into or
out of operation at pleasure, and are intended to be attached to each
carriage and used when required as an auxiliary to the ordinary breaks
at the ends of the train.
In carrying out our Invention we propose to provide each carriage
with four break blocks (one to each wheel). These break blocks are
attached to levers hung from brackets fixed to any convenient part of
the carriage frame, and when out of action are held away from the
periphery of the wheels by means of coiled or other springs. Each
buffer rod is fitted with a collar provided with a lateral pin or other
projection, which when the buffer rod has been forced in a certain
distance acts against the corresponding hanging lever and forces the

page_text: break block against the periphery of the wheel. The buffer rods (or
the collars with the pin or projection thereon) are so arranged as to be
capable of being turned round, say, one-fourth of a revolution, so that
when the auxiliary breaks are not required to be in action the lateral
pin or projection can be turned either upwards or downwards, so as to
be out of the way of the hanging levers, in which position the forcing
in of the buffer rods will have no effect on the hanging levers, and the
break blocks will be held out of contact with the wheels by means of
the coiled or other springs before mentioned. The buffer rods (or their
collars) are all turned simultaneously by the action of a single lever
attached at or near one end of the carriage, and the position of this
lever will indicate whether the breaks are in action or not.
As a modification of the above we propose instead of connecting the
breaks to the buffer rods to connect them to independent springs fixed
to the end of each carriage, these said springs abutting against each
other and being coupled together when the train is made up, so that
when the buffers are driven home the diminution of the space between
the ends of the two carriages will cause the springs to be compressed
and put the breaks in action, and as the buffer rods return to their
normal position the action of the springs will withdraw the breaks. It
will also be understood that these springs will act as an additional buffer
power in the event of a collision or other cause of extraordinary strain
on the buffer, and their being coupled together will have a tendency to
prevent the carriages from jumping, and hence assist in keeping the
wheels on the rail.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR REGULATING OR CONTROLLING THE DELIVERY OF TICKETS AT RAILWAY STATIONS AND OTHER SIMILAR PLACES, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS APPLICABLE TO TELEGRAPHIC PURPOSES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Thomas Hughes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th October 1869.-A communication from abroad by Philipp
Bogler and Heinrich Kayser, both of Vienna, in the Empire of
Austria.
1, EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes and Son,
Patent Agents, 123, Chancery Lane, London, do hereby declare tho
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS AND APPARATUS
FOR REGULATING OR CONTROLLING THE DELIVERY OF TICKETS AT RAILWAY STATIONS
AND OTHER SIMILAR PLACES, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS APPLICABLE TO
TELEGRAPHIC PURPOSES," a communication to me from abroad by Philipp
Bogler and Heinrich Kayser, both of Vienna, in the Empire of Austria,
to be as follows:-
In carrying out this Invention the tickets are placed in separate
compartments arranged in any convenient manner in a case or cupboard
which can be secured under lock and key by the owner of the tickets
or by a responsible official. Each of the compartments is supplied with
a projecting knob or button affixed to the end of a rod passing through
the compartment and attached to one end of a two-armed lever, the
other end of which engages with a sliding plate or rod opposite a slit in

page_text: the bottom of the compartment. When the knob or button is pressed
in the bottom end of the lever acts upon the slide and forces the lowest
ticket out of the slit, the lever being returned to its normal position in
readiness for acting upon another ticket by means of a spiral or other
spring round its fulcrum or elsewhere. A spiral or other spring is also
placed above the tickets to press them down and thus ensure their
regular delivery from the slit. Each of the tickets is numbered with
a consecutive number commencing from the bottom, so that it may be
readily ascertained how many tickets have been abstracted from each
compartment by forcing out the lowest one and observing the number
thereon. A trapdoor acted upon by a spring may be placed in front of
each compartment to prevent the tickets being again placed therein, and
drawers may be supplied to the apparatus to hold reserve tickets.
This Invention is applicable at railway stations and steamboat piers,
both for stationary and portable ticket holders, also at theatres, concert
rooms, and all other places where tickets are supplied to the public.
The knob or button and its connections may also be advantageously
adapted to telegraphic instruments at railway stations and other
localities.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEMMERS FOR SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Norris Batey at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th October 1869.
I, JAMES NORRIS BATEY, of Landport, in the County of Hants, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN HEMMERS FOR SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in forming the hemmer of two chief parts, one
of which is free to slide over or on the other.
The first part consists of a frame composed of a bar and quadrangular.
frame connected therewith. The bar is slotted to receive a plate forming.
a portion of the second part, and this plate is free to slide in the slot
formed in the bar. The bar acts as a guage, and the plate is marked
with a scale. In a piece with the plate or connected thereto is a tongue.
and spring for turning over the edge of the material to be hemmed:
Now to use the apparatus, and supposing I require to make a hem an
inch in width, I place the guage exactly one inch (and which is marked

page_text: on the scale) from the inner side of the tongue, and secure the frame
by a screw; the hem will then always be made an inch in width so long
as is required. To alter the width I release the screw, readjust the
guage on the scale to the width required, and proceed as before.