IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR ROLLING, GRINDING, AND CUTTING FILES
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Tomlinson Bousfield, of Loughborough Park,
Brixton, in the County of Surrey, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR ROLLING, GRINDING, AND CUTTING FILES."-A communi-
cation from abroad by William Picket Pierce, residing at Boston,
• Massachusetts, United States of America.
Sealed 'the 6th April 1868, and dated the 14th January 1863.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said George Tomlinson Bousfield
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration on the 14th January 1868, pursuant to the 9th Section of
the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, BE IT
KNOWN, that I, GEORGE TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Loughborough Park,
Brixton, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR ROLLING, GRINDING, AND CUTTING
FILES," communicated to me from abroad by William Picket Pierce, a person
resident at Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
The machine for rolling the file blanks is represented in Figures 1; 2; 3,
and 4 of the accompanying Drawings, in which Figure 1 is a plan; Figure 2,
a vertical section upon the line A, A; of Figure 1; Figure 3, a vertical section
upon the line B, B, of Figure 1; Figure 4, a section through the rolls and
their driving gear.
This branch of the Invention has for its object to produce articles of

page_text: irregular form, such as blanks for files and rasps by rolling, the relative
position of the rolls being governed while the articles are passing between
them by patterns, as will now be more particularly described.
The rolls a turn freely upon pins k, rising from links c, which links are
pivotted at 6 to a travelling carriage D, that rests and slides upon ledges or
ways don the framework. The carriage is traversed longitudinally to and
fro upon its ways by means of its connections with the driving shaft E, as
seen in the Drawings. The periphery of the rolls a may be plain or grooved
to correspond to the contour of the article to be rolled, and upon the outside
they bear against the patterns f, which are so shaped as to force the rolls
towards each other or permit them to separate, and thus give the required
form to the article; these patterns are adjusted by means of wedges g placed
behind one or both of them, in order to bring the rolls in the centre of the
machine, and they are also still further adjusted by means of a smaller wedge l,
behind the upper edge of one of them; both the wedges 9 and 1 run the whole
length of the pattern. Above the rolls and upon the same pins or bolts are
two spur gears H, which engage with racks K, secured to the framework in
such position that as the carriage D is traversed the gears H are caused to
revolve and with them the rolls, the gears and the rolls being caused to
revolve together by pins n upon the gears which enter corresponding holes in the
rolls (Figure 4). The rolls and gears are caused to recede from each other,
and thus keep the rolls in contact with their patterns, and the gears in contact
with the racks by a spring p between them. The machine being set in
motion by a belt upon the drum L, or in any suitable manner pieces of metal
of a size suitable for forming the blanks after being heated are entered
through the guides O and P (the former upon the framework, the latter upon
the traversing carriage), and are seized by the rolls a, and after passing
through the machine are conducted off by the guide through Q, secured to the
carriage by the screws s. The patterns fare held in place by screws m,
which pass through slots in the adjusting wedges 9, and are tightened up after
the patterns are adjusted.
Although particularly adapted to rolling file blanks, the machine above
described may be employed for rolling other articles, suitable rolls and patterns
being employed for the purpose.
The machine for grinding the blanks after they have been rolled and before
they are cut is represented in Figures 5 to 10 of the Drawings, in which
Figure 5 is a side elevation; Figure 6, a plan of the parts below the line X, X,
of Figure 5; Figure 7, a plan of the parts above the line X, X, of Figure 5;
Figure 8, a section on the line y, y, of Figure 6; Figure 9, a section on the

page_text: line W, W, of Figure 6; Figure 10, a front view of the holder, in which the
blank is secured while being ground. To a shaft B³, running in suitable boxes
upon the frame A³, are secured a grindstone C, and a driving drum or pulley D³.
The file blank to be ground is secured temporarily in the holder E2 (Figure 10)
by the springs a³. This holder is suspended by the chain F secured to the
wheel G², which moves freely upon the axle H2, to which is secured the
crank I; this crank is connected by means of the rod K² with a crank pin h³
upon the face of the gear L', which is revolved by means of the pinion Ms
upon the shaft f, which is also secured to the pulley N²; band O from the
driving shaft B³ passes over the pulley N, and thus a vibratory motion is
communicated to the crank I, as will readily be understood by an inspection
of Figure 5; the crank I³ is made adjustable more or less near to the centre of
the
gear L³, whereby a greater or less extent of vibration is obtained for the
crank 1, according with the length of the file blank to be ground. The
moving parts (represented in Figure 7), are carried by the table V³, which is
adjusted in position and secured to the top rail U2 of the machine by the
screw. The weight of the holder and its chain, in conjunction with the
friction of the stone against the article being ground, tends to revolve the
wheel G³ constantly in one direction, and thus keep the pin 3 projecting from
the wheel G², constantly in contact with the crank I, so that the wheel and
consequently the file holder vibrates in unison with the crank, by which means
the blank within holder is kept constantly in motion up and down as the
grinding proceeds. At the same time that this is taking place the file blank
is borne up to the stone by a spring pressure under the control of the work-
man by the following means:-A table P is secured to the framework by the
screws, the slots m³ allowing the table to be adjusted in position. To the
upper surface of this table are secured the ways, in which slide a carriage Q*,
to the forward end of which is pivoted the roller R2, which bears against the
back of the holder. Upon a standard S³, rising from the carriage, revolves a
hand wheel T, upon the shaft of which is secured a hub or small drum V³,
upon which runs an endless chain a³, that also passes around the head of the
screw, both the drum V* and the head of the screw having suitable depres-
sions to enable the drum to carry round the chain, and the chain to communicate
a rotary motion to the screw. The screw works in a nut k rising from the
table P, and between the head of the screw and an ear projecting down from
the sliding carriage is a spring &, which tends to force the roller R³ against the
holder. Upon the screw is a collar or pin (3), which draws the carriage and
its roller away from the holder whenever the hand wheel is turned in the
proper direction, the workman has it thus within his power to relieve the

page_text: holder of the pressure of the roller, though this pressure can never exceed that
which is exerted by the spring t. That the file blank may receive the right.
taper from the centre towards each end a pattern of suitable form is secured.
to the back of the holder E2, or the pattern may be formed directly upon the.
back of the holder, and thus by the simple elevation or depression of the file
holder, as described during the process of grinding, the required form is given
The file blank being secured in the holder, and placed against the grindstone,
the roller R2 is allowed to bear against the pattern. upon, the back of the.
holder, and the machine is set in motion by power suitably applied to the
drum D, the workman now moves the holder back and forth over the face>
of the stone at the same time that with the other hand he regulates the
pressure upon the holder by means of the hand wheel. The double motion
of the file blank up and down and across the face of the stone tends to.
When
equalize the grinding of the article as well as the wear of the stone.
a blank is finished the operator replaces it with another without the.
necessity of stopping the machine for the purpose, the wheel G³ remaining
stationary until the weight of the holder is again put upon it, the counter-
poise goverbalancing the weight of the chain F2 whenever. the holder is
raised, thus keeping the pin h out of contact with the arm. I³.
The machine for cutting coarse files or rasps is represented in Figures 11.
to 15 of the Drawings, in which. Figure 11 is a plan, Figure 12 a front
elevation, Figure 18 an elevation of the right-hand end of the machine;
Figure 14, plan of the cams used for regulating the teeth upon the surface of
the rasp; Figure 15, a portion of a rasp illustrating the arrangement of the
teeth, certain portions of the mechanism not required for an understanding of
the Invention being omitted from the Drawings to avoid confusion.
A³ is the driving shaft, upon which are secured the fast and. loose pullies
A', A, the toppets or wipers A, that operate the chisel or cutter, the worm A',
and a gear wheel A, the shaft A³ runs in suitable boxes attached.to the frame-
work. The blank B³ is fed upwards as the cutting proceeds in the ordinary
inanner by suitable connections with the gear A³, not shewn on the Drawings.
The blank is held firmly against its rest B, which projects from a block B,
permanently attached to the frame by a presser B6, which is borne against the
blank by a spring B', which tends to force up the handle B, attached to the
shaft of the presser. The cutter or chisel C³ is attached to a head C' on the
end of an arm C³, projecting from a shaft C, which is pivoted to a carriage C',

page_text: that slides in inclined ways: C³, attached to the framework. The cutter C³ is
thrown upon the blank by a spring CP; attached to the arm C"; projecting
from the shaft C, the latter being raised by the cams. A as they revolve.
The teeth are cut transversely across from side to side of the blank, the chiseli
being traversed for the purpose: as follows:-The carriage C' is drawn
constantly to the right in the direction of the arrow (Figure 12) by the
spring D, which is linked to a lever, D', projecting from a shaft D³, from
which projects another lever D6, that enters a recess or opening in the bottom
of the carriage C: The cutting commences near the right edge of the blank
(Figure 12), and as it proceeds the cutter carriage is moved gradually to the
left, so as to cut transversely across the blank by one or other of the cams E³;
these cams are secured to a shaft E*, to the opposite end of which is secured*
the worm gear E', that is driven by the worm A'; the gear E has eight
teeth; so that each of the cams E will carry the cutter once across the blank,
while the cams A are causing the chisel to make eight blows upon the
blank. The cams E³ operate upon a bar E, projecting from the carriage C³;"
and thus as the cams revolve the cutter is traversed across the blank. It is,
obvious that if the cams E³ were similar in their form and size that the lines
of teeth across the file would all be alike, and that the lines of teeth length-
wise of the file would run parallel. To remedy this defect is the object of this
part of the Invention, which consists in varying the position of the lines of
teeth across the file by making the cams E³ of differing sizes and shapes, so
that the teeth in no four consecutive rows across shall correspond with each
other longitudinally.
In Figure 15 the portion X is represented as cut upon this machine, the
lines of teeth 1, 2; 3, and 4 being each regulated by a different sized cam E³,
are arranged differently and not in a line with each other lengthwise of the
file; the teeth of the portion W are represented as cut under the guidance of
a single cam or of a series of cams of the same size and form, and they aro
consequently arranged in lines longitudinally as well as transversely of the
blank, a defect which would render the rasps useless for most purposes. F³ is
the shipper lever for moving the band upon the fast and loose pullies A*, A³.
The band lever B³, as already explained, is forced up by the spring B7, to
apply the presser B, Figure 13, to the blank when it is required to release
the blank, and insert another, the lever B8 is pressed down beneath the
catch B', where it is held until a fresh blank is inserted, when it is released by
the operation of the machine.
It is obvious that were the cutter C³ moved horizontally across the blank
during the operation of cutting, as the blank is moved by a continuous feed

page_text: the lines of teeth would be cut diagonally across the blank; to obviate this the
cutter is caused to ascend while making its traverse, a distance equal to the
upward motion of the blank in the same space of time; this is effected by
inclining the ways C³, in which the carriage moves, as seen in Figure 12, so
that the cutter as it moves forward shall rise with the blank, by which means 5
the rows of teeth are cut square across the file.
inclining the ways C³, in which the carriage moves, as seen in Figure 12, so
that the cutter as it moves forward shall rise with the blank, by which means
the rows of teeth are cut square across the file.
CLAIMS.
. First, the above described machine for rolling metals, consisting essentially
of the rolls a and gears H upon the traversing carriage in combination with
the stationary patterns and rack bars, operating in the manner substantially as
set forth.
Second, as an improvement in the machines for grinding files and similar
articles, I claim the combination of the vibratory crank I* with the crank pin 6*,
arranged and operating as described, to give a greater or less throw to the
crank I, according to the size of the article to be ground.
Third, I also claim the method of connecting the crank I³ with the wheel G³,
by means of the pin h³, whereby the blank may be inserted in the holder
without stopping the machine.
Fourth, I also claim the combination of the spring t¹ and screw 2³ with the
hand wheel T and roller R³, for the purpose of graduating the force with s
which the article is pressed up to the stone, as set forth.
Fifth, in combination with the within-described mechanism for grinding file
blanks, I claim the pattern upon the back of the file holder, operating as set
forth.
Sixth, in the rasp machine represented in Figures 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15, I a
claim the inclined way C³, for the purpose of elevating the cutter as it is fed
across the face of the blank, for the purpose described.
Seventh, I claim operating the cutter in its traverse across the blank by a
series of cams acting in succession, for the purpose of arranging the teeth
irregularly as respects the length of the rasp or file, as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Fifth day of January, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred, and sixty-three.
CHO T DOUSLED
S
CEO. T. BOUSFIELD. (L.S.)