Improvements in and relating to the Transformation and Distribution of Electric Energy.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Dec., 1886.
Complete Left, 10th Sept., 1887
Complete Accepted, 11th Oct., 1887.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to the Transformation and Distribution
of Electric Energy.
We ROBERT DICK, Manufacturer, and RANKIN KENNEDY, Electrical Engineer,
both of the Electric Lamp Works, 115 Woodside Road, Glasgow, Lanarkshire do
hereby declare the nature of our invention to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object the saving of prime cost in laying down the main
supply conductors for the supply of high potential alternating currents for operating
secondary generators in great numbers from a central supply station.
According to this invention, we use in combination with two main current
transformers having their secondary wires joined in series order; a system of main
conductors known as the three wire system and hitherto practised for the purpose of
distributing low potential currents directly to the lamps or other translating devices.
To apply this system for the purpose of providing main supply conductors for high
potential alternating currents and applicable to the operation of secondary generators,
we employ a low potential alternating current dynamo machine, this low potential
dynamo machine delivers its currents of electricity into the primary wires of two
main current transformers, which primary wires are joined in multiple arc or series
order, to the terminals of the low potential dynamo electric generator, or it might be
a number of these generators.
The secondary wires of the two main current transformers are joined together in
series order, the two free ends are then joined up to two main supply conductors
which pass through the district to be supplied with alternating electric currents of
high potential for operating secondary generators. At the junction of the two
secondary wires of the main current transformers, a third main supply conductor is
connected, this third wire also passes between the other two main conductors through
the district to be supplied with high potential alternating electric currents.
We may here to simplify reference, designate the two wires or main conductors
joined to the free ends of the secondary wires of the two main current transformers A,
and B, the third wire joined to the junction of the two secondary wires of the main

page_text: current transformers, we designate C. The secondary generators to be supplied by
this three wire system of conductors are in practice ranged in two sets, and
respectively connected in multiple arc between A, and C, and also between B, and C,
thus C becomes a common conductor to both A, and B, and we so arrange the
connection of the secondary generators to these main conductors that one half of all
the generators in the district shall be connected to A, and C, and the other half
to B, and C, and this arrangement evenly divides the supply of energy between
the conductors A, B. It is not absolutely necessary under our improve
ments to make the two sets of secondary generators equal but for the best result it
is preferable.
By an equivalent arrangement the third wire joined to the junction between the
secondary wires of the main current transformers would in some cases be made an
endless wire circuit joined at any point to the junction of the two ends of the
secondary wires of the main current transformers and have connection at any
desired parts of its length with the two sets of secondary generators and main
conductors A, and B.
The action of this combination of two main current transformers with three main
current supply conductors in carrying out the purpose of our invention, we explain
thus The low potential alternating current dynamo or dynamos deliver electric energy
into the two main current transformers at a potential of say for example 50 volts,
each main current transformer raises this potential to say 2000 volts in the secondary
wires, and the two secondary wires of the main current transformers being joined in series,
the difference of potential between the free ends to which the main conductors A, and B
are joined will be 4000 volts, and the difference of potential between the free ends A,.
and B, and the junction of the secondary wires to which the main supply conductor C
is joined will be 2000 volts, and a saving of copper in the main supply conductors
is thus effected. For say if 20 secondary generators are to be supplied in a district
with the two wire system the weight of conductors per yard would require to bo
for the two say for example one pound per yard, on the three wire system 10 of the
generators would be supplied from A, to C, and 10 from B, to C thus A, and B,
would require weight per yard sufficient for supplying 10 generators, or say half a
pound per yard would be sufficient weight for both conductors. That is one quarter
pound per yard for A and one quarter for B. C also would have a weight per yard
for the supply of 10 generators namely a quarter pound per yard, thus on the two
wire system one pound per yard would be the weight of both conductors together, on
the three wire system the weight of the three wires together would be three quarters
of a pound per yard, and thus a saving in wire of one quarter pound per yard would
be effected by our new system. The secondary potentials of the two main current
transformers do not require to be equal.
This three wire system of main supply conductors is also applicable to a system of
distribution by secondary generators operated direct from two high potential
alternating dynamos joined in series, or from one high potential alternating dynamo
having two circuits joined in series instead of passing low alternating currents through
main transformers before passing as high potential currents into the main conductors, as
in the former arrangement.
In this arrangement the main supply conductors A and B would be respectively
connected up to the two free terminals of the two dynamos and the main supply
conductor connected to the junction terminals of the dynamos, or at the junction
of the two circuits when only one dynamo with two circuits was employed.
Dated this 13th day of December 1886

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to the Transformation and Distribution
of Electric Energy.
We, ROBERT DICK, Manufacturer, and RANKIN KENNEDY, Electrical Engineer,
both of the Electric Lamp Works, 115 Woodside Road, Glasgow, Lanarkshire,
do hereby declare the nature of our Invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement in writing, reference being had to the accompanying 2 Sheets of Drawings,
that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object the saving of prime cost in laying down the main
supply conductors, and comprises the supplying of high potential alternating currents
of electric energy for operating secondary generators in great numbers from a central
supply station.
Nov. 2
1886
According to one arrangement of our invention, we use in combination with two
main current transformers (referred to in our specification accompanying application
No. 15545,
having their secondary wires joined in series order, a system of
main conductors known as the three wire system and hitherto practised for the
purpose of distributing low potential currents directly to the lamps or other translating
devices.
And in order that our said invention and the manner of performing or carrying
the same into effect or practice may be properly understood, we have hereunto
appended two explanatory Sheets of Diagram Drawings, in which the same
reference letters are used to indicate corresponding parts in all the Figures where
shown.
Figure 1 Sheet 1 represents a Diagram view showing the three wire system of
main conductors A, B, C, applied according to one arrangement of our improvements
to supply high potential alternating currents of electric energy from two main
transformers D, D¹, to the secondary generators g arranged in parallel or multiple
are order between the main supply conductors A and C, and B and C, respectively,
C being a common conductor to both A and B. In this arrangement the two
main transformers D, D¹, are supplied with electric energy from a low potential
alternating current dynamo E, or dynamos, by the wires e to transform this energy
into currents of high potential. Figure 2 Sheet 1 represents a similar view showing
how the three wire arrangement of main supply conductors A, B, C, can be applied
to a system of distribution of electric energy by secondary generators g operated
direct from two high potential alternating current dynamo electric machines E¹, E',
joined in series order, instead of from main transformers D, D', as in the arrangement
shown in Figure 1. And Figure 3, sheet 1, represents a like view, showing how the
secondary generators g can be operated by the three wire system of main supply
conductors A, B, C, according to our improvements direct from one high potential
alternating current dynamo electric machine E', having two circuits joined in series

page_text: order within itself. To apply the three wire system according to the arrangement of
our improvements shown in Figure 1 of the Diagrams, for the purpose of providing
main supply conductors for high potential alternating currents, and applicable to the
operation of secondary generators, we employ a low potential alternating current
dynamo machine E, this low potential dynamo machine delivers its currents of
electricity into the primary wires e, of two main current transformers D, D', which
primary wires e are joined in multiple arc order, as shown in the Diagram, but they
might be in series order, to the terminals of the low potential dynamo electric
generator E, or it might be a number of these generators. The secondary wires
of the two main current transformers D, D¹, (which transform the low potential
alternating currents supplied to them by the dynamo or dynamos into currents of
high potential) are joined together in series order; the two free ends a, b, are then
joined up to two main supply conductors A, B, which pass through the district to
be supplied with alternating electric currents of high potential for operating
secondary generators g. At the junction c of the two secondary wires a¹, b², of the
main current transformers D, D³, a third main supply conductor C is connected;
this third wire also passes between the other two main conductors A, B, through the
district to be supplied with high potential alternating electric currents. The
secondary generators g to be supplied by this three wire system of conductors A, B, C,
are in practice ranged in two sets, and respectively connected in multiple arc
between A and C, and also between B and C ; thus C becomes a common conductor
to both A and B, and we so arrange the connection of the secondary generators g, to
these main conductors that one half of all the generators in the district shall be
connected to A and C, and the other half to B and C; and this arrangement evenly
divides the supply of energy between the conductors A and B. It is not absolutely
necessary under our improvements to make the two sets of secondary generators g
equal on opposite sides but for the best result it is preferable. The action of this
combination of two main current transformers D D', with three main current supply
conductors A, B, C, in carrying out the purpose of our invention, we explain thus..
The low potential alternating current dynamo E, or dynamos, delivers electric energy
into the two main current transformers D, D', by the primary wires e, e, at a potential of
say for example 50 volts, each main current transformer D and D' raises this potential
to say 2000 volts in the secondary wires a, a¹³, and b, 6, and the two secondary
wires a, b, of the main current transformers being joined in series, the difference of
potential between the free ends a, b, to which the main conductors A and B are joined,
will be 4000 volts, and the difference of potential between the free ends a, b, to which
the main conductors A and B are respectively connected and the junction c of the
secondary wires a, b, to which the main supply conductor C is joined will be 2000
volts, and a saving of copper in the main supply conductors A, B, C, is thus effected.
For say if 20 secondary generators 9 are to be supplied in the district with the two
wire system the weight of conductors A and B per yard would require to be for the
two, say for example, one pound per yard, on the three wire system A B and C, ten
of the generators 9 would be supplied from A to C, and ten from B to C, thus A and B
would require weight per yard sufficient for supplying ten generators, or say half a
pound per yard would be sufficient weight for both conductors A and B. . That is, one
quarter pound per yard for A, and one quarter for B. C also would have a
weight per yard for the supply of ten generators namely a quarter pound per
yard, thus on the two wire system A and B, one pound per yard would be the weight
of both conductors together; on the three wire system the weight of the three
wires A, B, C, together would be three quarters of a pound per yard, and thus a
saving in wire of one quarter pound per yard would be effected by our new system.
The secondary potentials of the two main current transformers D D', do not require
to be equal.
When it is desired to apply our improvements to a system of distribution of electric
energy of alternating currents in which main transformers are not used, and high
potential alternating currents are supplied direct to operate the secondary
transformers g from dynamo electric machines, in this arrangement the main supply

page_text: conductors A and B would be respectively connected up to the two free terminals a,b,
of the two dynamos E¹, E¹, and the main supply conductor C connected to the
junction c of the terminals a¹, b¹, of the respective dynamos E¹, E', as illustrated in
Figure 2 of the Diagrams; or at the junction c of the two circuits when only one
dynamo E, with two circuits was employed, as illustrated in Figure 3 of the
Diagrams.
In any of the combinations described in reference to Figures 1, 2, and 3, the
central main current supply conductor C may be made an endless wire circuit. This
endless wire C is illustrated in Figure 4 Sheet 2 of the Diagrams and is shown as
joined by the branch C¹ to the junction c, between the two ends a¹ b¹ of the secondary
wires of the main current transformers D, D¹, and has connection, as shown in the
Diagram, at any desired parts of its length with the two sets of secondary
generators I, and main conductors A and B, and this forms part of our Invention.
Although only one main transformer D and D¹ respectively are shown as
supplying
the high potential currents of electric energy to the circuits A and C, and B and
respectively yet two or more of such transformers may be connected up to supply
electric energy to each of these circuits.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is :-
First. The combination of one or more low potential dynamo electric machines E,
with one or more main transformers D and D¹, for supplying high potential
alternating currents of electric energy to two circuits A and C, and B and C,
respectively, having three main conductors A, B, C, to operate secondary generators g
placed in parallel or multiple arc order connection to the main supply conductors A, C, B,
substantially as herein set forth.
Second. The combination of two main transformers D D¹ with three main
conductors A, B, C, to supply high potential alternating currents of electric energy to
operate secondary generators g, placed in parallel or multiple are order connection to
the main supply conductors, A, C, B, substantially as herein set forth.
Third. The combination of one or more dynamo electric machines E' or E¹ E¹,
with three main conductors A, B, C, to supply high potential alternating currents of
electric energy to operate secondary generators g placed in parallel or multiple arc
order connection to the main supply conductors A, B, C, substantially as herein set
forth.
Fourth. The combination of three main conductors A, B, C, with, and for supplying
high potential alternating currents of electric energy to secondary generators g,
arranged in parallel or multiple are order connection to the main supply con-
ductors A, C, B, substantially as herein set forth.
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