An Improved System, and Apparatus in connection therewith, for the Emulsification of Essential and other Oils and Water, and for Producing Extracts or Tinctures from other Substances with Water, for Use in the Manufacture of Flavored Mineral Waters, and for other purposes.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Dec., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 10th Sept., 189-Accepted, 3rd Dec.,
1898
PROVISIONAL SPECH
NOURALLIAT
An Improved System, and Apparatus in connection therewith, for
the Emulsification of Essential and other Oils and Water, and
for Producing Extracts or Tinctures from other Substances with
Water, for Use in the Manufacture of Flavored Mineral Waters,
and for other purposes.
I, EDWARD HENRY TAYLOR, of 35, Lower Gardiner Street, Dublin, Ireland, Mineral
Water Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention relates to an improved system and apparatus in connection there-
with, for the emulsification of essential oils with water for use in the manufacture
of flavored syrups for mineral waters, and in the production of flavorings for the
use of confectioners, sweet meat manufacturers, and others, and has for its
object to produce such emulsions without the use of rectified or other spirits as
hitherto, by which I am enabled to produce the necessary flavorings (and store the
same ready for use at any time subsequently) more expediciously and at less cost
per gallon than has been possible by any of the means at present known or used.
The method at present in use for the reduction of essential oils, for all practical
purposes, is to produce a soluble essence, extract or tincture by dissolving such oils
in rectified or other spirit, and when employed for use in the manufacture of
mineral or aerated waters, the said oil or oils, when so atomized, is or are then
filtered through sand or paper pulp and magnesia, and during this process a large
proportion of the essence thus produced is lost, partly by reason of waste, and
partly by reason of evaporation through the operation being carried out in the open
air, but according to my invention, such waste, and evaporation of volatile particles
is entirely avoided, and the emulsion produced under air tight conditions (after
reasonable clearing or filtration) may be stored in glass, stone or other vessels or
jars, and can be used at any time subsequently, thereby avoiding the undesirable
necessity of making the apparatus a part and parcel of the mineral water plant
proper.
In the working of the apparatus, according to my invention, it is absolutely
necessary or advisable that it be separate from the machinery in the factory, so as
to prevent both the flavored fluid and aromatic gas from finding its way into the
pumps or aerating cylinders, which would so far contaminate the surroundings as
to retard the making of pure soda-water, lithia and all unflavored beverages, and
in an ordinary factory, having only one cylinder or set of pumps, such contamination
would prove to be most inconvenient, but according to my system there is no
possibility of this taking place, and if liquified gas (CO),) is not easily obtainable a
pipe connection joined on to the aerating cylinder in factory, and provided with a
safety valve, can supply gas, under pressure to the emulsifying apparatus, thus
avoiding any blow-back of flavor or aroma from sanie.
According to one method of carrying my invention into effect, I construct of
wood or other material a staging or stand, upon which I mount and fix vertically,

page_text: a suitably shaped air-tight cylinder, which may be of any size, and made of copper,
gun-metal or other suitable material, and in a central position within the said
cylinder, and adapted to rotate in suitable bearings, I provide a shaft or spindle, to
which is fixed two or more radiating perforated beaters, the formation of which is
preferably such as to correspond with the internal formation of the said cylinder,
and of such size as to provide a sufficient clearance that they may oscillate with the
said shaft or spindle without touching the said cylinder. The lower end of the said
shaft or spindle extends below the cylinder and carries a suitably shaped crank or
arm, to which is pivotally connected one end of a rod or link, the opposite end of
which is pivotally connected to a circular dise, plate or its equivalent, adapted to
be rotated by the means of suitable gearing actuated by hand or power, the
rotation of the said disc or its equivalent imparting, by the means of the said rod
or link, an oscillatory motion to the said shaft or spindle, and consequently a to and
fro motion to the said beaters.
In any convenient position adjacent to, and preferably above the level of the top
of the said cylinder, I provide and fix a suitable size Bushing cistern in connection
with a water supply, and provided with a ball-cock or overflow or both for
regulating the charging of same, and a shut-off cock for closing such supply while
the cistern is being emptied, a suitable exhaust pipe from the said cistern entering
the upper part or crown of the said cylinder, the said pipe being also provided, at
any part of its length, with a suitable tap or cock, the opening of which permits
the water in the said cistern to flow into the said cylinder. The upper end or
crown of the said cylinder is provided with a suitable adjustable device for admitting
an essential oil or oils, in predetermined quantities, into the said cylinder.
In any convenient position adjacent to the said cylinder I place a tube or other
vessel containing liquified gas, (CO₂) connected by a flexible or other pipe to the
said cylinder, and provided with a screw-down or other suitable regulating cock,
the said cylinder being also provided with a suitable pressure-guage, safety-valve,
and other regulating taps and cocks where necessary.
The desired quantity of essential oil or oils, water, and gas having been placed
in the said cylinder in the order most convenient, motion would be imparted to the
said gearing, and this actuating the said shaft or spindle, an oscillatory motion
would be imparted to the latter and the beaters thereon, which may be continued
until the contents of the said cylinder becomes emulsified, when this may be drawn
off through a suitable tap-governed outlet at the lower end of the cylinder, into
vessels for storage, in which it may be conveyed, when required, into the laboratory
or syrup room of the factory, and ultimately to the pumps and filling machine.
I do not confine myself to the arrangement of the emulsifying cylinder and its
accessories as hereinbefore stated, but may vary these to suit the size and shape of
premises, convenience of available driving power, out put of apparatus and other
conditions, that is to say, I may fix the said emulsifying cylinder upon supports
other than the said stand or staging, and in a horizontal instead of a vertical
position, and arrange that the said shaft or spindle and the beaters thereon may,
by the means of suitable gearing, be rotated instead of oscillated, as in the previous
arrangement, in which case the points at which the water, essential oil or oils and
gas enters the said cylinder may be otherwise than that stated, while the pressure
guage and other accessories may also be otherwise disposed. Or I may find it
convenient to so arrange the apparatus, that the said shaft or spindle and the
beaters thereon may be stationary, while the cylinder itself may oscillate or rotate.
Or I may attain the same ends by causing a swinging motion to be imparted to the
said cylinder by any convenient means. Or I may find it convenient or desirable
to arrange the said beaters, or equivalent perforated plates in lieu thereof, other-
wise than upon the said shaft or spindle; or I may employ any convenient
combination of these arrangements as may be found most desirable or useful,
without departing from the principle involved.
The emulsion of essential and other oils, produced according to my invention,
may be used or employed by chemists soap-makers and others for perfumery

page_text: purposes, or for flavoring by cordial makers, confectioners, sweetmeat manufacturers
and others, and the said apparatus may also be conveniently and profitably
employed for extracting the active properties from certain roots, barks, herbs,
flowers and the like.
An Improved System, and Apparatus in connection therewith, for
the Emulsification of Essential and other Oils and Water, and
for Producing Extracts or Tinctures from other Substances with
Water, for Use in the Manufacture of Flavored Mineral Waters,
and for other purposes.
I, EDWARD HENRY TAYLOR, of 35, Lower Gardiner Street, Dublin, Ireland,
Mineral Water Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to an improved system and apparatus in connection therewith
for the emulsification of essential oils with water, for use in the manufacture of
flavored syrups for mineral waters, and in the production of flavorings for the
use of confectioners, sweetieet manufacturers and others, and has for its object to
produce such emulsions without the use of rectified or other spirits as hitherto, by
which I am enabled to produce the necessary flavorings (and store the same ready
for use at any time subsequently) more expeditiously and at less cost per gallon
than has been possible by any of the means at present known or used.
The method at present in use for the reduction of essential oils, for all practical
purposes is to produce a soluble essence, extract, or tincture, by dissolving such
oils in rectified or other spirit, and when employed for use in the manufacture of
mineral or aerated waters, the said oil or oils when so atomized, is or are then
filtered through sand or paper pulp and magnesia, and during this process a large
proportion of the essence thus produced is lost, partly by reason of waste, and
partly by reason of evaporation through the operation being carried out in the
open air but according to my invention such waste, and evaporation of volatile
particles is entirely avoided, and the emulsion produced under air-tight conditions,
(after reasonable cleaning cr filtration) may be stored in glass, stone, or other
vessels or jars and can be used at any time subsequently, thereby avoiding the
undesirable necessity of making the apparatus a part and parcel of the mineral
water plant proper.
In the working of the apparatus according to my invention it is absolutely
necessary or advisable that it be separate from the machinery in the factory, so as
to prevent both the flavored fluid, aromatic gas from finding its way into the pumps
or aerating cylinders, which would so far contaminate the surroundings as to retard
the making of pure soda-water, lithia, and all unflavored beverages, and in an
ordinary factory, having only one cylinder or set of pumps, such contamination
would prove to be most inconvenient, but according to my system there is no
possibility of this taking place, and if liquified gas (CO2) is not easily obtainable a
pipe connection joined on to the aerating cylinder in factory, and provided with a
safety valve, can supply gas, under pressure, to the emulsifying apparatus, thus
avoiding any blow-back of flavor or aroma from same.

page_text: In order that my said invention, the several alternative methods of construction,
and the manner of operation of each modification may be clearly understood, I have
hereunto appended three sheets of drawings, of which
Fig. 1 Sheet I is an elevational view, (partly in section) of one method of
carrying my invention into effect, Fig. 2 being a section upon the line A B of Fig. 1,
while Fig. 3 is an enlarged part-sectional view of the mechanism by means of which
a rotary motion is converted into a reciprocating motion, for the purposes of my
invention.
Fig. 1 Sheet 2 is an elevational view, (partly in section) of an alternative method
of construction, and means for operating the movements of same, Fig. 5 being a
section of Fig. 1 upon the line C D.
Fig. 6 is an elevational view (partly in section) of a further modification of
construction in which the cylinder itself has motion, while the beaters or agitators
are stationery therein, Fig. 7 being an end view of the frame or stand forming
parts of Fig. 6.
Fig. 8 Sheet 3 is an elevational view of a further alternative method of arranging
my invention, by means of which a swinging motion is imparted to the cylinder,
while Fig. 9 illustrates the manner in which I purpose mounting the said cylinder,
so that an eccentric motion is imparted thereto.
Similar letters are used to denote the same or like parts in all the views.
Referring to Figs. 1, 2 and 3 Sheet 1, I carry my invention into effect by
constructing of wood or other suitable material a staging, frame, or stand A, upon
which I mount and fix, by the means of struts or supports B, an air-tight cylinder
of copper, gun-metal, glass, or other suitable material, and of any shape or
configuration desired, but for preference, substantially as that shewn in Fig. 1,
and preferably formed in two parts C and C₁, bolted together by their flanges C,
to facilitate cleaning and repairs, the size of which said cylinder may vary according
to the desired output, but always such as to provide sufficient area for the necessary
expansion and free saturation of the oil and water with the gas under pressure. In
à central and vertical position within the said cylinder I provide a shaft or
spindle D, the upper end of which may extend through, and be bourne by, an air
tight bearing formed integrally with the cylinder A, while its lower end extends
through an air and water tight aperture in the lower end of A, and is thereat firmly
connected to, or formed integrally with, a foot a, adapted to rotate within a step b,
bolted or otherwise fixed upon a staging A. Within the said cylinder C are two or
more metallic, wood, vulcanite, or other beaters, each consisting of a frume E and a
surface E, the latter being provided with any number of small holes
perforations c, or the said frames may be adapted to carry a surface of wire ganze
in lieu of E', but in either case the said frames would be of such for nation, that
their outer edges may correspond with the internal formation of C, C¹, and of such
size as to provide a sufficient clearance between the latter and themselves when
their inner edges are fixed by the means of suitable ties d upon the spindle D, so
that they radiate from the said spindle in opposite directions to each other.
or
The foot a of the shaft D carries a crank or arm e, to which is pivotally connected
one end of a rod or link f, the opposite end of which is pivotally connected to a pin
standing up vertically from a circular disc or plate g, of a crown piece g¹ of a
spindle g, carried in a suitable bearing g³, fixed upon the frame A, the lower end
of the said spindle g², carrying a mitre wheel h, in gear with a like wheel h¹, fixed
up in a spindle h², carried by depending portions A₁ of the frame A, and a lapted to
be rotated by a handle h³, or by suitable pulleys when other than hand power is
employed.
In any convenient position adjacent to, and preferably above the level of the top
of the cylinder C, I provide and fix a suitable sized stone-ware, slate or enamelled
iron flushing cistern F, connected with a water supply-pipe j and a suitably adjusted
ball-cock (not shewn) for admitting the requisite quantity of water thereinto at each
charge, and so dispense with the need of a water gauge for this purpose, the supply
pipe being provided with a stop cock j¹ for shutting off the water supply while F

page_text: is being emptied by the means of the exhaust pipe k, the opposite end of which
enters and is thereat fixed to the crown or upper part of the cylinder C, the said
pipek being provided with preferably a pair of cocks or taps and 2. In any
convenient part of the crown of the cylinder C, but preferably in the pipe & between
the cocks kk2, I provide and fix a short pipe 1, governed by a screw down or other
tap or cock, and surmounted by a funnel shaped opening 12 for the reception of
the essential oil or oils employed.
In any convenient position adjacent to the cylinder C, I place and fix a tube or
other vessel G, containing liquidfied gas, (CO₂,) provided with a pressure gange
and safety valve (not shewn) and the usual screwed down tap or cock G³, and con-
nected by a flexible or other tube G2, with a tap or cock G³, fixed in any convenient
position upon, and communicating with, the interior of the cylinder CC, the same
cock or tap serving for admitting gas from the aerating cylinder of an adjacent or
distant factory, when such tube G or the gas CO₂, is not available. The manner of
operation is as follows.
The cocks and being opened the desired quantity of essential oil or oils would
be passed into the cylinder CC, through the passage 1, when the cocks governing
the said passage and the tap or cock j governing the water inlet passage j, would
be closed, and the cock k' in the tube be opened, to permit the contents of F to
flow into CC¹, and when this has been done the tap may be closed, and the tap j¹
opened, the latter to permit the recharge of F, and the former to prevent any part
of such recharge from entering CC, the tap ² may now be closed to further
insulate the cylinder, CC from k and 1, when the tap or cock G of the gas tube G,
and the tap G3 on C may be opened, and carbonic acid gas be admitted into C,
until the pressure gauge H on the latter, registers the pressure, and consequently the
quantity of gas desired, when both the cocks G₁ and G3 may be closed, and if
desired the tube G may now be disconnected from G³, and the vent cock H¹ be
opened for a few seconds to expel the atmospheric air in C,C¹. If motion be now
imparted to the handle or its equivalent 3, the crown piece g¹ would be caused to
rotate, the diameter of its plate g being such, that at each rotation of this an oscil-
lating motion is imparted to the spindle D, through the arin or crank e, (the two
positions of and e being graphically shewn by full and dotted outlines in Fig. 3)
the same oscillatory motion being thereby conveyed to the shaft D, and to the
leaders E thereon, and this motion may be continued until the contents of the said
cylinder becomes emulsified, which may be easily determined by a person experienced
in such matters, but usually for about one and a half hours more or less, after which
the apparatus may be allowed to stand at rest for an hour or more, when the
gas (CO) may be let off through the cock H¹, and the contents of CC¹ be drawn
off through a tube connected to the nozzle m, of a tap governed outlet m¹, in the
lower portion of C1, and after suitable filtration (if necessary) may then be run into
glass stone or other vessels, for storage, in which it may be conveyed, when required,
into the laboratory or syrup room of the mineral-water factory, and ultimately to
the pumps and filling machine thereof, or for use as flavouring essences for confec-
tioners and others.
To prevent accidents through the possible overcharging with gas, the cylinder CC¹
may be provided with any suitable form of automatic safety valve as suggested
by H2 in Fig. 1.
In the alternative method of constructing and arranging my said apparatus,
illustrated by Figs. 4 and 5, I fix the cylinder CC¹ horizontally instead of vertically,
the same in this modification, being supported within a pair of adjustable frames J
and J, the shaft D being caused to rotate (instead of oscillate) by the means of a
pinion wheel K mounted thereon, in gear with a spur wheel K, carried in suitable
bearings K2 upon the frame A, and operated by a handle L, when the machine is to
be actuated by hand, or by the means of a pair of pulleys L, mounted upon the oppo-
site end of D, when steam or other motive power is employed. The beaters E, in this
device, instead of being straight in cross section as at Fig. 2, are of curved

page_text: formation substantially as at Fig 5, but are held in fixed connection and revolve
with the shaft D, by the means of like ties .
With the exception of the possible difference in the position of the gas bottle or
tube G, and the difference in the position of the parts and the valves H¹
and H2, the gauge H, the gas inlet G³ and the outlet passage m, and possibly the
capacity of the entire machine, the operation of each part and the effectiveness of
the whole apparatus is substantially the same as that described in relation to
Fig. 1.
In the views Figs. 6 and 7, I illustrate a machine in which the emulsification
is effected by rotating the cylinder C (", instead of the beaters E, as in the previous
methods, for which purpose the said cylinder is provided with gudgous M and M',
borne by suitable plummer blocks N, upon the upper ends of a suitable metallic
or other frame () (Fig. 7), one of the said gudgeons carrying a handle Lor
pulleys L, accordingly as the apparatus is to be actuated by hand or power, the
said cylinder being caused to rotate with, and by motion imparted to, the said
gudgeons.
In this arrangement the beaters or agitators E, E¹, are of any number, each of
curved formation, and in fixed connection with C and C¹, and may be disposed
about the latter in any desired mauner, or in lieu of, or addition to the said
beaters EE. I may arrange a like perforated surface or diaphragm, fixed at or
between the flanges C of C and C¹, as suggested by dotted outline at E. For the
purposes of this modification I may provide at either end of the said cylinder, a
tap-governed or screw-down cock G³, to which a flexible or other tube from the
bottle or tube G, may be connected for charging the vessel with gas, and be
disconnected when such charging has been effected, while the opposite end of the
said cylinder may be provided with an aperture (with or without being governed
by a tap or cock) adapted to be covered by a screw cap O¹, which, for convenience,
may be retained in connection with the cylinder, by the means of a chain or
cord p. The said aperture when brought uppermost and the cup O is removed,
may receive the device and 2 and 1, 11, and 12, for conveying water and
essential oils into the cylinder, which, after use, may be disconnected and the same
aperture be used, after emulsification, for the attachment of a discharge nozzle such
as m for removing the contents in the manner previously described.
In Fig. 8 I illustrate a further modification of my invention in which the
emulsifying cylinder CC is placed horizontally, and suspended by metallic or
other links, bars, or straps P and P¹, to a beam or other convenient overhead
fixture, and provided with hand holds or other attachments such as p¹ and p², by
means of which a swinging motion may be imparted to the said cylinder, the said
cylinder being provided with a cock-governed water and essential oil inlet, safety
and blow off valves, and outlet tubes, as in the previous arrangements.
In this modification the beaters or agitators E E¹, may be stationary, as in Fig. 6,
and either curved or straight, or some straight and some curved as may be
desired, and with or without a perforated diapliragin such as E2, the emulsification
being effected by a sharp, rapid, swinging motion imparted by hand or power to
the cylinder, through the hand holds or other attachments P P¹.
A further modification of my invention I illustrate in Fig. 9, in which the
emulsifying cylinder C C¹, is suspended eccentrically by the means of gudgeons r
and, borne in plummer blocks or other suitable bearings such as N upon a
suitable metallic or other frame O. The said cylinder may be arranged internally
substantially as shewn in Fig. 6, with the external fittings as shewn in the previous
views. By a rotary motion imparted to one or the other of the said arms or
gudgeons rand, by the means of pulleys such as L', or a suitable handle in
lieu thereof, an eccentric-rotary-motion would be imparted to the said cylinder,
and the contents thereof be thereby thrown violently from end to end, which, by
coming into rapid and violent contact with the said beaters or agitators E E' would
be fully and perfectly emulsified, when it may be drawn off, and stored as previously
described.

page_text: The emulsion of essential and other oils with water and gas under pressure
ccording to my invention, in addition to its use for the manufacture of mineral
vaters, may be used by chemists, so up-makers and others for perfumery purposes,
nd for flavoring by cordial makers, confectioners, sweet-ment manufacturers,
and others, and the said apparatus may also be conveniently and profitably
employed, for extracting the active or medicinal properties from certain roots,
herbs, flowers, and the like.
I reserve to myself the right to construct a machine or apparatus for the
purposes stated, by the combination of any of the modifications herein described
and shewn, without departing from the principle involved.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
(1) The herein described method of, and apparatus for, the emulsification
of essential and other oils and water with gas under pressure, and or for extracting
the active or medicinal properties of herbs, roots, and flowers substantially as herein
set forth and shewn.
(2) In a machine or apparatus for the emulsion of essential and other oils and
water with gas under pressure, the combination of an air tight cylinder such
as C C¹, mounted and fixed vertically upon a stand or fraine A, and having a
central vertical spindle D, carrying perforated or wire gauze beaters, or
agitators E E, the said spindle and beaters receiving a reciprocating motion by
the means of an arm or crank e, connected to the said shaft and operated by a
rod or link f, actuated by a rotating disc g, connected to a spindle g², operated
by bevel gearing such as hand h¹, set in motion by hand or other power, the
said cylinder being provided with a pressure gauge such as II, blow off valve such
as H', safety valve such as H2, and tap governed outlet or draw off nozzle such
as mm, with tube k provided with cocks or taps and, for admitting a
predetermined quantity of water, from a ball-cock-governed cistern F', having in its
supply pipe a tap or cock j¹, the said tube being arranged to carry an essential
oil inlet 12, governed by a screw-down or other tap or cock such as 1, the said
cylinder being also provided with a tap governed inlet G3, for the admission of
carbonic-acid or other gas under pressure, the whole connected, combined, and
operating substantially as and for the purposes described and shewn by Figs. 1,
2 and 3 of the accompanying drawings.
(3) In a machine or apparatus for the emulsion of essential oils and water, with
gas under pressure, the combination of an air tight cylinder such as C C¹, mounted
and fixed horizontally upon a frame or stand A, and having a central horizontal
spindle D, carrying perforated or wire-gauze beaters or agitators EE, with means
such as wheels K and K', operated by handle L or pulley such as 11, for imparting
rotary motion to D and E E', the said cylinder having pressure gauge H, safety
and blow off valves H2 and II, and tap governed inlets for water and essential
oils and carbonic or other gas under pressure, and cock-governed outlet for the
emulsion, as set forth in the preceding claims, substantially as described, and shewn
by Figs. 4 and 5 of the accompanying drawings.
(4) In a machine or apparatus for the emulsion of essential oils and water, with
gas under pressure, the combination of a cylinder CC¹ mounted vertically, and
adapted to rotate upon a suitable stand such as O, by hand or other power, the
said cylinder having internally fixed, curved and or other perforated beaters such
as E and E2, with pressure gauge and suitable valves, and cock governed inlets for
water, essential oils, and gas under pressure, and cock governed outlet for
the emulsion, substantially as described and shewn by Figs. 6 and 7 of the
drawings.
(5) In a machine or apparatus for the emulsion of essential oils and water, with
gas under pressure, the combination of an air tight cylinder such as C C¹, having
internally fixed straight or curved beaters or agitators E E', and provided

page_text: externally with pressure gauge and suitable valves and cock governed inlets, for
water and essential oils, and gas under pressure, and tap governed outlet for the
emulsion, the said cylinder being suspended by rods or links P, P¹, to a beam or
other overhead fixture, and provided with handles or their equivalents p' p², for
imparting a swinging motion to C C¹, substantially as described and shewn by
Fig. 8 of the appended drawings.
(6) In a machine or apparatus for the emulsion of essential oils and water, with
gas under pressure, the combination of an air tight cylinder, such as C C¹, having
internally fixed straight or curved beaters or agitators E, E², and provided
externally with pressure gauge, and suitable valves and cock governed inlets for
water and essential oils, and gas under pressure, and a tap governed outlet for the
emulsion, the said cylinder being mounted eccentrically by gudgeons and, upon
a frame O, the said cylinder being rotated eccentrically by the means of hand or
other power substantially as described and shewn by Fig. 9 of the accompanying
drawings.
(7) A machine or apparatus constructed by any desired combination of the
foregoing designs and the employment of same in the manufacture of mineral or
aerated waters and for extracting the active or medicinal properties from herbs,
flowers and roots substantially as set forth.
Dated this 10th day of September 1909
GEO. THOS. HYDE,
1, Broad Street Buildings, Liverpool Street, London, E.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.