An Improved Plough or Cultivator.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Oct., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 19th July, 1894-Accepted, 8th Sept., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Plough or Cultivator.
I, PERCY RICHARD JULIUS WILLIS, of 55 Chancery Lane, in the County of
London, Consulting Engineer, (a communication to ne from abroad by Eduard
A. Cardinal, and James Love, both of New Castle, Washington State, U.S.A.,
Inventors,) do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to provide a plough which can be readily adjusted
to make a furrow of any desired depth; and further, to provide means for adjusting
the plough-shares at any desired angle.
The improved plough comprises two ground-wheels oppositely mounted upon a
horizontal shaft. Vertically slotted rods depend from the shaft and carry the
A hand-lever is pivoted to a
framework of the plough at their lower ends.
projection extending from the shaft and the pivot-pin carries a segment-rack.
A chain or other flexible connection passes over the rack and is attached to the
plough-frame. A flexible connection is also attached to the end of the lever and,
after passing over a small pulley-wheel, is attached to the end of the plough-frame.
By this means, when the lever is drawn over, the chains raise the plough-frame and
cause the shares to cut a more shallow furrow,
Suitable metal rods extend from front to rear of the plough-frame and have the
By means of levers and segment racks,
depending shares attached to them.
these rods can be readily cocked and adjusted with the shares at any desired
angle.
Dated this 20th day of October 1893.
PERCY K. J. WILLIS,
Applicant.
An Improved Plough or Cultivator.
1 PERCY RICHARD JULIUS WILLIS, of 55, Chancery Lane, in the County of
London, Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention (a
communication to me by Eduard A. Cardinal, of Kirkland, and James Love, of
New Castle, in the County of King and State of Washington, U.S. America,) and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :—
Our invention relates to an improvement in cultivators, and particularly to that
class known as wheel cultivators, or those wherein the cultivator is supported upon
large carrying-wheels; and our object is to produce a more durable and efficient
arrangement than any heretofore known, and one in which the body of the
cultivator may be adapted to suit the exigencies of the work to be performed.
A further object is to construct a cultivator wherein the body of the machine,
its teeth and attachments are suspended from the axle, and to provide efficient
means for raising or adjusting such body.
To these ends our invention consists in certain novel features of construction
and combination of parts more fully described hereinafter, and finally embodied in
the laima

page_text: ing the accomp nying drawings which represent a cultivator embodying
the essential features of our invention:
Fig. 1 represents a plan view thereof:
Fig. 2 a side elevation ;
Fig. 3 a rear elevation ;
Fig. 4 a detail view showing the mechanism for operating the knives;
Fig. 5 a view in detail showing the manner of affixing the teeth to the frame.
The reference letter A indicates the frame of our cultivator which is preferably
rectangular in form, and provided with the braces A' located at its corners, and
the longitudinal brace A³, both of which are designed to insure strength and
durability. Extending across the frame are two lateral beams B and B' the latter
being provided with braces B².
Journalled in the beams B and B and the forward part of the frame A is a
series of revoluble rods C C¹, comprising two sets respectively, and arranged out
of longitudinal alignment with each other. Securely fastened to these rods are
the triangular knives c, which extend below the frame A and are designed to engage
the ground.
Keyed to the inner ends of the rods C and are the vertically extending
links c, the upper ends of which are pivotally connected to the laterally extending
rods d. These rods are two in number, one being provided for each set of
knives.
Fulcrumed to the beam B are two hand-levers D, which extend vertically and
are provided with the pawl and ratchet attachment Di fixed to the beam B. These
levers are pivotally connected to the rod d, so that they may be moved laterally
within the limit of the movements of the lever D, for a purpose which will be
hereinafter explained. Rearward of the beam B', the frame A drops below the
level of the rods C and C¹ and continues to extend out rearwardly therefrom.
Located on this portion of the frame, parallel to each other, and to the beam B',
are two cross-beams E. These beams are secured in position by means of the
semi-circular rods E', which are securely fastened to the frame A and its longitudinal
brace A. A bolt e js also provided to hold the beams E in position, which bolt
extends to the frame A and brace A³ and is provided at its upper end with a
thumb-nut e', which may be removed to admit changing the position of the
beams E as shown in dotted lines, Fig. 5, and as will be more fully described
later on.
Secured to the beams E in any preferred manner are the cultivator teeth or
spades F, which are of the usual construction.
The reference letter G indicates the axle of the cultivator, which is of the usual
construction, that is; having at its ends the downwardly extending portion G¹,
from which the axle proper & projects laterally. Upon these axles the wheels. Ga
are mounted.
Securely fastened to the downwardly extending portion G' of the axle is a
vertical rod H provided with an elongated slot H', extending its entire length
below the portion G' of the axle.
Rigidly secured at each end of the beam B¹ adjacent to the rod H, is a lug 1,
provided with a reduced end I' which is adapted to enter the slot H' in the rod H,
and is secured therein by a nut working on its outer end.
Fixed to the main portion of the axle G, and extending forward therefrom at
an angle of about forty-five degrees are two arms J, in which is jourualled a
revoluble shaft J. To the ends of this shaft are fixed the sectors J2, over each
of which the suspending chains K operate. The lower ends of these chains are
connected to the beam B', adjacent to the lug 1, and by which the body of the
cultivator is suspended or lifted.
Keyed to the middle of the shaft J', is a lever L, provided with an arm L
extending below the shaft J. To the end of this arm the rod L2 is connected, the
remaining end of said rod being secured to the chain M, working over the pulley M',

page_text: the latter being connected with the pole of the cultivator. The chain M extends
downwardly and has its lower end connected to the forward part of the frame A.
Rigidly fastened to the axle G are the hounds N, which converge and are joined
at a point directly over the forward part of the frame A, to the pole or shaft N' of
the cultivator.
Pivotally secured to the underside of the pole N¹ is a rod O, which extends
downwardly about two-thirds of the distance to the frame A, or the body of the
cultivator. Extending from the forward part of the fraine, outwardly and
upwardly therefrom, is a second rod O', the end of which is joined to the lower end
of the rod O, by means of the clevis P, which is also used to connect the
whiffletree P to the cultivator. To this whiffletree the draft of the team is
applied.
A seat is provided for the operator and is securely fastened to the middle of
the axle K, in such a position that ready access may be had to the lever Land to
the levers D.
The preferred construction of our invention having been described, we will now
proceed to set forth its mode of operation.
When it is desired to use our invention for preparing or cultivating land,
the knives secured to the rods C C are adjusted so that they will extend below
the frame A and project into the ground. This is effected by means of the
haud levers D, which are connected, as before explained, to the rods 2. The
Tods are in turn connected to the rods C and C, by means of the vertically
extending links e', keyed to the said rods C and Ci Therefore, it will be
apparent that upon the oscillation of the levers D, the rods C and C₁ will
revolve or rock in their bearings, which is followed by a similar motion of the
knives c.
By these means the operation referred to above is effected.
The spades or teeth co-operate with the knives, to prepare the ground, when
in the position shown by Fig. 2. They may, however, be lifted out of engage-
ment with the ground by loosening the thumb-nut e, and swinging or revolving
the beams E, on the semi-circular rods E', whereupon they will assume the
position shown by dotted lines in Fig. 5. The teeth are thus arranged so that
the cultivator, when moving from place to place, when not engaged in preparing
the ground, will not scratch the road upon which the cultivator is noving.
When, however it is desired to transport the cultivator any great distance, the
entire frame A and its attachments, or the body of the cultivator, may be lifted
to the desired height by oscillating the lever L, whereupon the shaft J will.
rock in its bearing, carrying with it the sector J.
This will be followed by the pulling up of the chains K and a subsequent
lifting of the entire frame A, to which the said chains are attached; the lug I
working in the slot H', of the rod H, thereby retaining the rigidity of the
machine which is characteristic of its nozmal position. Simultaneous with this
operation the arm L'oscillates so as to pull on the red L', which is followed by the
pulling up of the chain M. This movement lifts the forward part of the body or
frame A, and serves to preserve the equilibrium of the suspended parts. To bring
the cultivator in the position for working the ground again, the lever L, is simply
thrown back to its former position, whereupon the body portion will drop of its own
weight into the position shown in the drawings.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. In a cultivator, the combination of an axle, vertically slotted rods depending
therefrom, a tooth-carrying frame secured to the rods and movable in its vertical
slots, a shaft revolubly journaled in bearings secured to the axle, a chain connecting
the shaft and frame by which the said fraine is lifted, and an operating lever fixed
to the shaft, substantially as described.

page_text: 2. In a cultivator, the combination of an axle, vertically slotted rods rigidly
secured to the axle and depending therefrom, a tooth-carrying frame provided with
studs fitting in the vertical slots, a shaft journalled in bearings fixed to the axle,
segments fixed to the shaft and having chains operating therewith and with the
toothed carrying-frame, by which chain the frame is moved in the vertical slots of
the rods, and an operating lever fixed to the shaft substantially as described.
3. In a cultivator, the combination with the frame or body thereof, of a tooth-
bar, U-shaped staples, one arm of which fits loosely in openings in the tooth-bar,
and bolts for removably securing the said tooth-bar in place, whereby upon removing
the bolts the tooth-bar may be swung from one arm of the staples to the other arm,
and its teeth disengaged from the ground, substantially as described.
4. In a wheel cultivator, the combination of an axle, rods, depending therefrom,
a body portion in sliding connection with said rods, a shaft journalled in boxes
adjacent to the axle, means on the shaft by which the body portion may be raised
or lowered, a series of revoluble rods journalled in the body-portion, bolts fixed to
the rods, levers for rocking and locking said rods, one or more beams located on the
body, teeth fixed to the beams, and semi-circular bolts for securing the beams to
the body, by which the said beams may be swung or revolved so as to change the
disposition of the teeth, substantially as described.
5. In a cultivator, the combination of an axle, slotted rods depending therefrom,
a body portion located below the axle, lugs on the body-portion arranged to slide
in the slots in the rods, a shaft journalled in boxes adjacent to the axle, segments on
the shaft, chains connected to the segments and body, a lever by which the shaft is
rocked, a number of rods journalled in the body portion, blades or kuives secured
thereto, links fixed to the rods, beams to which the remaining ends of said links are
pivotally connected, levers by which the rods may be rocked, pawl and ratchet
mechanism operating in conjunction with the levers, one or more laterally
extending beams located on the body-portion, teeth fixed thereto, semicircular bolts
by which the said beams are secured to the body, and removable bolts connected to
the beams and body, substantially as described.
1004
HUGHES, SON & Co.,
38, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.
HUGHES, SON & Co.,
38, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.