IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF SOAPS, PART OF WHICH IS APPLICABLE TO THE TREATMENT OF OILS AND FATS FOR OTHER PURPOSES." SP
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Green, of Florence Terrace, St. Lawrence,
'
Thanet, in the County of Kent, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF SOAPS, PART OF WHICH IS APPLICABLE
TO THE TREATMENT OF OILS AND FATS FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Green at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th June 1881.
WILLIAM GREEN, of Florence Terrace, St. Lawrence, Thanet, in the, County of
Kent.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF SOAPS, PART
OF WHICH IS APPLICABLE TO THE TREATMENT OF OILS AND FATS FOR OTHER
PURPOSES."
One object of this Invention is the admixture with soaps made by any of the
ordinary processes of less expensive ingredients than those of which such soaps are
made, whereby additional weight and bulk may be obtained without materially
detracting from their detergent or cleansing properties.
Soluble glass, liquid quartz, or the aqueous solution of any of the chemical or
commercial varictics or forms of silicate of soda or potassa possess powerful
detergent properties, and are now largely used in the manufacture of soap.
By this Invention however I employ them in a different manner to that hore-
tofore adopted, and by so doing can apply them to soaps in which they are not
commonly used, and in larger proportions than heretofore in those in which they
are commonly employed.
It is a fact not perhaps generally known that petroleum, shale oil, and other
mineral oils, while difficult to saponify possess considerable detergent or cleansing
properties, and are at the same time powerful disinfectants; these therefore I also
largely use either with or without the silicate of soda or potassa.
In carrying out this Invention I proceed as follows:-
To one hundred weight of mineral oil (or other similarly cheap grease or oil) I
apply from five to ten per cent. of a saturated alcoholic solution of submuriato of

page_text: potash and caustic soda and well agitate and boil, to this is added one hundred
weight of silicate of soda and three hundred weight of water, and the whole are
again well boiled; to this from two to three hundred weight of soap is added by
degrees, the admixture being facilitated by stirring. I prefer to apply the soap in
thin flakes either from rollers or a cutting or scraping machine. When the soap is
melted and the admixture complete the compound soap is run into frames or tanks,
and otherwise treated as ordinary soaps.
In some cases I dispense with the silicate of soda and proceed as follows:-To
one hundred weight of mineral oil I add from ten to twenty per cent. of a saturated
alcholic solution of submuriate of potash and caustic soda and well agitate, to this
is added about two hundred weight of lime water and the whole is well boiled;
one hundred weight of soap is then added, as in the above case, and the admixture
facilitated by stirring.
I have found Castile or Marseilles soap to answer well for the purposes of this
Invention, but other soaps may be employed. Although the use of mineral oils,
treated as described and in the manner described, is a primary feature of the
Invention, I have discovered that certain soaps, as for example, Castile or Marseilles
soap, may be increased in weight and bulk without materially detracting from their
cleansing properties by the addition in a novel manner of silicate of soda with a
certain proportion of water either with or without the admixture of oil, fat, or
grease. To carry out this part of my Invention I proceed thus:-To one and balf
hundred weight of silicate of soda is added three hundred weight of water and well
boiled, two hundred weight of soap by preference cut or pressed into thin flakes is
added by degrees while the silicate is in a boiling state. When thoroughly melted
and united the soap is run into frames or other vessels, and in some cases the
stirring is continued until the soap is nearly cold. When the stirring is not so
continued a small portion of the silicate solution will separate from the soap and
may be used in a future boiling. Although good results are obtained by treating
Castile or other soaps in this manner, I prefer to add to the silicate of soda (when
not using mineral oil) about ten to twenty per cent. of cotton seed oil or other
oil, grease, or fat, and this constitutes a novel feature in my Invention. Extract of
sea-weed is in some cases added to soaps made according to this Invention; also a
small per centage of boracic acid.
I also prepare a fatty material suitable for soap making and for other uses by
the admixture of petroleum, shale oil, or other mineral oil treated with a saturated
alcoholic solution of submuriate of potash and caustic soda, as before described, with
tallow or other fat, grease, or oil, and the uso of the same for making soap or for
lubricating, lighting, or other purposes.
When using mineral oils treated as hereinbefore described either wholly or in
part for the manufacture of soap any of the known processes may be employed,
but I prefer the following:-
To one hundred weight of mineral oil add ten pounds of saturated alcoholic
solution of submuriate of potash and caustic soda, agitato for a short time, then
add about one hundred weight of water and well boil. To this add one hundred
weight of olive oil, and agitate until the whole is nearly cold. To thirty five
pounds of double refined 98 per cent. caustic soda add 150 lbs. of water, and stir
until the soda is dissolved. When nearly cold add this by degrees to the compound
oil, gently stirring for a short time until the lye and oil are thoroughly combined;
then pour into frames, cover with blankets, or place the frames in a warm room
until the soap hardens. If on cooling the soap shews that the admixture and
saponification has not been complete, and a portion of the lye separates, boil the
soap with a little more water.
Another mode is as follows:-
To one hundred weight of mineral oil treated with ten pounds of saturated
alcoholic solution of submuriate of potash and caustic soda, as before described,
add one hundred weight of cotton seed oil and about one hundred weight of water,
and well oil Pronare 1 out of Ivo with double refined caustic soda to 16 degrees

page_text: Beaumè, an equal quantity at 20 degrees, and an equal quantity at twenty eight
degrees. To the above oil add the first lye, stir till the whole boils, and continue
the boiling for 3 or 4 hours, then add the second lye. Boil this also for 3 or 4 hours,
keeping it well stirred, then let it rest, and run off the discharged lyc. Again
heat and add the last lye, keeping the whole boiling for about five hours, then turn
off the heat, and after resting a few hours run off the remainder of the lye.
In each case the lye which separates is to be utilized in future boilings.
The proportion of animal or vegetable oil or fat to the mineral oils treated as
herein before described may, in some cases, be considerably less than herein
described, and in some cases dispensed with altogether, the soap being made from
the mineral oil only, resinous or other saponifiable matters may also be used in
connection with such mineral oils, either in lieu of animal or vegetable oils, fats,
or grease, or in connection therewith. Silicates of soda or potassa may also be used
with such soaps and applied either in the ordinary manner or according to the
modes described for carrying out this Invention.
The several proportions and modes of treatment herein before described have
been found to answer well, but I do not confine myself thereto, as they may be
considerably varied without departing from the objects of this Invention. Oil
obtained from schist, asphaltum, and similar matters may also be employed, as may
tallow, lard, or other fat or grease in lieu of olive oil, cotton seed oil, or other
animal or vegetable oils, as mentioned.
Should any taint of smell from the mineral oil be perceptible in the final
processes use a little perfume or other counteracting agent, or grind the soap
between rollers and then press.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Green in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 17th Deceinber
1881.
WILLIAM GREEN, of Florence Terrace, St. Lawrence, Thanet, in the County of
Kent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF SOAPS, PART
OF WHICH IS APPLICABLE TO THE TREATMENT OF OILS AND FATS FOR OTHER
PURPOSES."
"
One object of this Invention is the admixture with soaps made by the ordinary
processes of less expensive ingredients than those of which such soaps are made,
whereby additional weight and bulk may be obtained without materially detracting
from their deturgent or cleansing properties.
Soluble glass, liquid quartz, or the aqueous solution of any of the chemical or
cominercial varieties or forms of silicate of soda or potassa possess powerful
deturgent properties and are now largely used in the manufacture of soap. By
this Invention however I employ thein in a different manner to that heretofore
adopted, and by so doing can apply them to soaps in which they are not commonly
used, and in larger proportions than heretofore in those in which they are
commonly employed. It is a fact, not perhaps generally known, that petroleum,
shale oil, and other mineral oils, while difficult to saponify, possess considerable
leturgent or cleansing properties, and are at the same time powerful disinfectants.
These therefore I also largely use either with or without the silicate of soda or
potassa.
In carrying out this Invention I proceed as follows:-To one hundredweight of
mineral oil (or other similar and cheap grense or oil) I apply from five to ten per
cent. of a saturated alcoholic solution of submuriate of potash and caustic soda, and
well agitate the same for some hours or even days if convenient. To the oil so
treated is added one hundredweight of silicate of soda or potassa and from two to
three hundredweight of water, and when the oil is sufliciently saponified the
compound is mixed with soap in any convenient manner, either during the process
of manufacture of such soap or afterwards. If applied to the manufactured soap I
reduce the soap to thin flakes or scrapings and mix then with the saponaccous
fluid while in a boiling state. After admixture the soap so treated should be
gently stirred until it begins to set.
In some cases I dispense with silicate of soda when producing from mineral oils,
shale oil, or similar low priced oil or grease, a saponaceous matter or compound
suitable for admixture with soap, and use instead thereof a strong lime water. To
do this I proceed as follows:-To one hundredweight of mineral oil is added from
ten to twenty per cent. of a saturated alcoholic solution of submuriate of potash and
caustic soda, and the same is kept agitated for several hours or days if convenient.
Strong lime water or a caustic lye is then added in sufficient quantity to saponify
the oil or grease, and the saponaceous compound or matter is then applied to
soap in any convenient manner, either during the process of manufacture or
afterwards.
Although the use of mineral oils treated as described and in the manner
described, is a primary feature of the Invention, I have discovered that certain
soaps, as, for example, Castile or Marseilles soap, may be increased in weight and
bulk without materially detracting from their cleansing properties by the addition,
in a novel manner, of silicate of soda or potassa with a certain proportion of water,
either with or without the admixture of oil, fat, resin, or grease. To carry out
this part of my Invention, to cach hundred weight of silicate of soda is added (by
preference) about ten to twenty pounds of a cheap fat or oil, or a compound of

page_text: resin and oil, and when well mixed this is allowed to stand until the oil or fat
is saponified, or nearly saponified. About three hundredweight of water is then
added to each hundredweight of silicate, and the saponaceous compound or matter
thus formed is added in any convenient manner to soap, either during the process
of its manufacture or afterwards. When the oily or fatty matter is dispensed with
the silicate mixed with about three times its weight of water is brought to a
boiling state and soap in a finely divided state is added thereto. The proportions
may be, say, equal weights of silicate and of soap. Soap thus treated should be
kept gently stirred until it begins to set in order to prevent the separation of the
silicate on cooling.
Although good results are obtained by treating Castile or other soaps in this
manner, I, as before stated, prefer to add to the silicate of soda (when not using
mineral oil) about ten to twenty per cent. of fat or oil, as cotton seed oil, or other
oil, grease, resin, or fat, and this constitutes a novel feature in my Invention.
I also prepare a fatty material suitable for soap making and for other uses by
the admixture of petroleum, shale oil, or other mineral oil treated with a saturated
alcoholic solution of submuriate of potash and caustic soda as before described,
with tallow or other fat grease or oil, or compound of resin and oil or fat, and use
the same for making soap, or for lubricating, lighting, or other purposes. When
using mineral oils treated as herein before described, either wholly or in part for
the manufacture of soap, any of the known processes may be employed, but I prefer
the following-To each hundredweight of mineral oil under treatment add from
five to ten pounds of a saturated alcoholic solution of submuriate of potash and
caustic soda, and agitate for some hours, or even days if convenient. In some cases
it is well to add to the oil, before the admixture of the alcoholic solution, about its
own weight of water, and to well boil in a close vessel so as to throw off and
recover the spirit, and so reduce the smell of the oil. When cold, add to each
hundredweight of mineral oil from eight to ten pounds of double refined 98 per
cent. caustic soda in three to four times its weight of water (or a lye of similar
strength) and keep agitated for some hours. To each hundredweight of the
mineral oil used, then add from ten to twelve pounds of olive oil, and about twenty
pounds of cotton seed oil, also the discharged lye from a previous boiling, and
agitate gently until the lye and oil are combined. Then pour or run the saponaceous
compound thus formed into a suitable vessel, where it should be kept at a gentlo
heat, and occasionally agitated until oil ceases or nearly ceases to rise to the top.
The whole is then to be well boiled, and on resting or cooling any oil that may rise
to the top is to be removed. The boiling should be repeated, and the fatty or oily
matter removed from the top, until it ceases to appear. On cooling a portion of
the lye used will separate, and in some cases a sediment will form which should
also be removed and reboiled with a weak lye or water.
Another mode is as follows:-To each hundredweight of mineral oil add from
five to ten pounds of a saturated alcoholic solution of submuriate of potash and
caustic soda, and agitato for some hours as before described. To this add from
twenty pounds to one hundredweight of cotton seed oil, the quantity varying
according to the quantity and quality of the soap required, and again agitate and
boil with about its own weight of water. For each hundredweight of oil under
treatment, prepare fifty pounds of lye with double refined caustic soda to mark
16 degrees Beaune, an equal quantity of 20 degrees, and an equal quantity at
28 degrees. When the oil is cold or nearly so, add the first lye and gently agitato
for some hours, then boil for several hours. When cold, run off the discharged lyo
and add the second lye, again stirring for some hours, and then again boiling for
three or four hours. Then let it rest and again run off the discharged lye, after
which add the third lye, stir till the whole is thoroughly mixed; again boil for
several hours, then turn off the heat, and after resting a few hours run off the
emainder of the lye. As in the former method the oil or greasy matter which on
resting rises to the top should be removed. In each case the lye which separates is
to be utilized in future boilings.

page_text: Oils obtained by the beforementioned combinations and treatment will not flash,
except at a high temperature, are comparatively free from smell, and may be used
for lighting, lubricating, and other purposes.
When using resinous matters I prefer to mix them with a little oily or fatty
matter, say, about thirty per cent., and to grind them to a paste. To one hundred-
weight of the resinous paste add by grinding or stirring five hundredweight of
mineral oil treated with a saturated alcoholic solution of submuriate of potash and
caustic soda. To this is added a strong lye as hereinbefore described, and the
whole is agitated until the oil ceases or nearly ceases to rise to the top. The after
treatment is similar to that when using fatty or oily matters, as hereinbefore
described for producing saponaceous compounds and soaps.
The proportions of animal or vegetable oil or fat to the mineral oils, treated as
herein before described, may be considerably varied according to the quality of soap
required. Tallow or other fat is used instead of oil for some soaps. In some cases
too the animal or vegetable oil or fat may be dispensed with or partially so, and a
resinous or other saponifiable matter be used in lieu of such oil or fat. Silicates of
soda or potassa may be used with soaps made according to this Invention, either
by the ordinary methods or those herein before described. Soaps made according
to this Invention may be used alone or combined by grinding or otherwise with
soaps possessing higher lathering properties. I have found Castile or Marseilles
soap to answer well for the purposes of this Invention, but other soaps may be
employed. Extract of seaweed is in some cases added to soaps made according to
this Invention, also a small percentage, say, 2 to 5 of boracic acid.
When using seaweed or extract thereof with soaps made wholly or in part from
mineral oils, they may be applied in a similar manner to the modes described
in my Patent, No. 129, January 13th, 1875, for mixing such matters with ordinary
soaps.
Oil
The several proportions and modes of treatment herein before described have
been found to answer well, but I do not confine myself thereto as they may be
considerably varied without departing from the objects of this Invention.
obtained from schist, asphaltum, and similar matters may also be used, as may
tallow, lard, or other fat or grease, in lieu of olive oil, cotton seed oil, or other
animal or vegetable oils, as mentioned. Should any taint of smell from the
mineral or other low priced oil used be perceptible in the final processes use
a little perfume or other counteracting agent, or grind the soap between rollers,
thus subjecting it in thin sheets to the action of the atmosphere, and then press.
Having now set forth the nature and object of my said Invention, and explained
the manner of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that under
the above in part recited Letters Patent 1 claim,-
First. The treatment of petroleum, shale oil, or other mineral oil, grease, or fat
with an alcoholic solution of submuriate of potash and caustic soda and with silicate
of soda or potash, substantially as described.
Second. The treatment of petroleum, shale oil, or other mineral oil, grease, or fat
with an alcoholic solution of submuriate of potash and caustic soda and with lime
water or lye, substantially as described.
Third. The treatment of soap by combining therewith petroleum, shalo oil, or
other mineral oil, grease, or fat which has been acted upon by an alcoholic solution
of submuriate of potash and caustic soda and with silicate of soda or potash or
with lime water or lye, substantially as described.
Fourth. The treatment of soap by combining therewith silicate of soda or potash
which has itself first been combined with and inade to saponify vegetable or animal
oil, grease, fat, or resin, or compounds of fat and resin, substantially as described.
Fifth. The method of combining silicate of soda or potash with soap consisting
in bringing the silicate solution to a boiling state, and then adding the soap in a
shredded or finely divided forin, substantially as described.
Sixth. The method of combining silicate of soda or potash with soap consisting
in first treating the silicate with vegetable or animal oil, grease, fat, or resin, or

page_text: compounds thereof, and with mineral oils, and then compounding it with the soap,
substantially as described.
Seventh. The treatment of petroleum, shale oil, or other mineral oil, grease, or
fat with an alcholic solution of submuriate of potash and caustic soda, and also
combining therowith animal or vegetable oil, grease, or fat, or resin and alkali or
lye, whereby obtaining a saponaceous compound, as also a soap suitable for uso as
such and for admixture with ordinary soap, and also a valuable oil, substantially as
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Green, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Sixteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty one.
WILLIAM GREEN, (L.S.)