Improvements relating to Trough Closets, Latrines, and Water Closets, and Flushing Apparatus therefor, partly applicable to General Flushing Purposes.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Oct., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Dec., 1896-Accepted, 30th Jan., 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to Trough Closets, Latrines, and Water
Closets, and Flushing Apparatus therefor, partly applicable to
General Flushing Purposes.
I, HENRY CLAY, of 7, Grant Street, in the City of Liverpool, Plumber, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to trough closets, latrines, and water closets, and flushing
apparatus therefor, the latter being applicable for general flushing purposes.
The trough or latrine pipe may be of circular, channel, or other suitable section,
and the seats may be fitted directly thereon or upon basins mounted on the trough or
pipe, and the seats may be fixed or hinged. The trough or latrine pipe discharges
into the drain or elsewhere through a syphon outlet.
When basins are employed I prefer to continue the back of the basin to a greater
height than the front, and I conduct the flushing water from the top of the basin-back
round the back and the basin by means of a flushing rim. With this shape of basin
I employ a seat of horseshoe form, which prevents deposition of soil on the back of
the seat such as occurs in the present arrangement of seats. This form of basin is
also particularly applicable for use as a urinal when the seat is raised.
Into the backs of the basins flushing pipe branches are led from a main flushing
pipe which communicates with the flushing tank, and a separate flushing pipe is led
into the end of the trough or latrine pipe.
In order to flush the said basins and trough or latrine pipe I employ a flushing tank
constructed as follows.
I may employ a tank of rectangular or other suitable form, provided with a stand
pipe and bell-forming the main syphon-and an auxiliary syphon to give an after-
flush, which tank contains the flushing water. Above this tank I dispose a smaller
tank, which is fed with water in the usual manner and discharges periodically into
the larger tank by means of a syphon, whereby, when the larger tank is full the
next discharge from the smaller tank sets up the main syphonic action of the
larger tank. Said stand pipe dips into a well disposed below the larger tank, and
into this well are led the basin flush pipe and the trough flush pipe above mentioned.
To create a movement of the contents of the trough or latrine pipe prior to the
flushing of the basins, the orifice of the trough flush pipe stands at a lower level
in the said well than the orifice of the basin flush pipe.
The form of flushing tank above described is particularly applicable where a
periodical flushing is required, as for instance in the case of the head of a house
drain and the like.
In order to start the syphon which discharges the contents of the smaller into
the larger tank, I may form the bend of the syphon, or the short leg, or a portion
of the short leg, with an elongated internal passage of narrow width, so as to
induce capillarity between the water in the smaller tank and the walls of the passage.
The long leg of the syphon may be a single pipe, or may be fitted with a funnel
shaped receiver which receives the water induced by capillarity, and by discharging
it down the long leg induces syphonic action therein; or the funnel shaped receiver
may itself be discharged by means of a syphon whose long leg enters the long leg
of the larger syphon.
The above described trough, basins, and seats, inay te arranged so as to allow of a

page_text: small or ordinary flush of water which cleanses each basin after being used, in addition
to the main syphonic discharge from the flushing tank; and this separate basin
flush may be obtained by the action of tilting seats connected to separate flushing
cisterns.
Dated this 90th 1
1000
J. A. COUBROUGH,
Registered Patent Agent (Qual. by Exam.),
10 St. George's Crescent, Liverpool, Agent for the Applicant.
Improvements relating to Trough Closets, Latrines, and Water
Closets, and Flushing Apparatus therefor, partly applicable to
General Flushing Purposes.
I, HENRY CLAY, of 7, Grant Street, in the City of Liverpool, Plumber, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention relates to trough closets, latrines, and water closets, and flushing
apparatus therefor, the latter being partly applicable for general flushing purposes.
The trough or latrine pipe may be of circular, channel, or other suitable section,
and the seats are fitted upon basins mounted on the trough or pipe, and the seats may
be fixed or hinged. The trough or latrine pipe discharges into a drain, or elsewhere,
through a syphon outlet.
I continue the back of the basin to a greater height than the front, and I conduct
the flushing water from the top of the basin-back round the back-and the basin-by
means of a flushing rim, and in some cases this flushing rim forms a back-rest to the
person using the basin. With this shape of basin I employ a seat of horseshoe form,
which prevents deposition of soil on the back of the seat, such as occurs in the present
arrangement of seats. This form of basin is also particularly applicable for use as a
urinal, when the seat is raised.
Into the flushing rims of the basin backs are led flushing pipes, and a separate
flushing pipe is led into the end of the trough or latrine pipe, said pipes being supplied
by a flushing tank-preferably of the type hereinafter described.
In the accompanying drawing,
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 2 a plan, of a water-closet basin
according to this invention, shewn mounted as a trough closet.
Figure 3 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 4 a plan, of a modified form of basin
according to this invention.
Upon reference to Figures 1 and 2 it will be seen that the back a of the basin A is
carried upwards above the seat b, and is provided with a projecting flushing rim, c,
which passes round the back a and also round the basin A. The seat b is shewn
attached to the basin, and has an upward extension 6' which passes round the flushing
rim c and forms a back-rest. The seat 6 may however be hinged at 62 and lie against
the flushing rim e in its raised position, and in this case the wooden back-rest b¹ may
be used or be dispensed with.
Figures 3 and 4 illustrate another form of basin according to this invention. The
back a of the basin A is made concave, vertically as well as horizontally, for the
purpose of providing a larger water area in the basin and to form at its upper part a
back-rest for the user. The flushing rim c passes round the back a and basin A as

page_text: before. The seat bis of horseshoe form as in Figures 1 and 2, and may be fixed as
shewn or binged at 62. In some cases I may continue the ends of the horseshoe
inwardly, at 6, for additional support to the person using the seat.
It will be seen that by continuing the concave backs of closet basins upwardly
and forward above the seat, as described with reference to Figures 1 to 4, and
providing a seat of horseshoe form, an open space is provided at the rear of the
seat, and the deposition of soil otherwise than in the basin is prevented.
The basins above described may be used as single water closets or be mounted
upon a pipe to form a latrine, or they may be placed upon a trough as shewn in
Figure 1.
When the basins are used in conjunction with a trough, as shewn in Figure 1, they
are inserted in a series of apertures in the cover of the trough, B, which may be of
metal or other material, and be supported thereon by the flanges d. The outlet e of
the basin dips below the water level in the trough, so as to prevent the effluvia and
gases of the contents of the trough from rising through the basins, and in order
to carry off such gases from the trough I provide it with one or more ventilating
pipes.
For the purpose of flushing the basins A and trough B I lead a flushing pipe into
the end of the trough, and branches from a second flushing pipe communicate with
each of the flushing horns f of the basin-backs.
Instead of placing entire basins in the cover of a trough as above described, I may
employ the concave back or hood a only, and erect it at the rear of an aperture in the
trough cover, as shewn at Figure 5. In this case, as before, soil cannot be deposited
on the rear of the seat, and the combined back and aperture may be used as a
urinal.
In order to flush the said basins and trough or latrine pipe, I employ the flushing
tank illustrated in Figure 6, by preference.
The tank C is provided with a stand pipe g and bell h, forming the main syphon
thereof, and an auxiliary syphon i, to give an after-flush. Above the tank C,
I dispose a smaller tank D, which is fed with water from the main or other source
by a jet, constantly running. The contents of the tank D are discharged periodically
into the tank C by means of the syphon k, whereby when the tank C is full, the next
discharge from the tank D sets up the main syphonic discharge of the tank C by
the stand pipe 9 and bell h. Said stand pipe dips into a well E disposed below the
tank C, and into this well E are led the basin flush pipe and the trough flush pipe m,
above referred to. To create a movement of the contents of the trough B or latrine
pipe prior to the flushing of the basins A, so as to prevent water from overflowing
the basins which frequently occurs in existing latrines-the orifice of the flush
pipe m stands at a lower level in the well E than the orifice of the basin flush
pipe 7.
In order to start the syphon k I flatten the short leg, the bend, and a portion of the
long leg thereof, as shewn in Figure 7, so as to form a narrow elongated aperture
therein, which induces capillarity between the water in the tank D and the
walls of such narrow aperture. Or, with the same object in view, I form the syphon k
large enough to receive an inner syphon or funnel n, see Figure 8, the extremity of
whose long leg is closed and perforated at ², so that water-induced by capillarity
to pass through the syphon n-rains down the long leg of the syphon k and so
induces syphonic action therein. In other cases I may pack the short leg of the
syphon k, or the syphon n, with wires or small tubes, p, to induce the water to pass
over the bends of such syphons, as shewn in Figure 9.
The form of flushing tank above described is particularly applicable wherever a
periodical flushing is required, as for instance in the case of the head of a house
drain and the like, and for this purpose the well E is fitted with a single outlet
pipe of suitable dimensions, instead of the two pipes above referred to.
The above described basins may be flushed individually, after each use, by a separate
flushing cistern; and such individual flushing may be effected automatically by the
action of tilting seats.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The combination of a water closet basin whose concave back is continued
upwardly above the seat and provided with a projecting flushing rim, with a fixed
or movable seat of horseshoe form, whereby a space is provided at the rear of the
user and the deposition of soil otherwise than in the basin is prevented,
substantially as described with reference to Figures 1 and 2 of the drawing hereto
annexed.
2. The combination of a water closet basin whose concave back is continued
upwardly above the seat and provided with a projecting flushing rim, with a fixed
or movable seat of horseshoe form extended upwardly as at b to form a back-rest,
whereby a space is provided at the rear of the user and the deposition of soil
otherwise than in the basin is prevented, substantially as described with reference
to Figures 1 and 2 of the drawing hereto annexed.
3. The combination of a water closet basin whose concave back is continued
upwardly and forward above the seat and provided with a projecting flushing rim,
with a fixed or movable seat of horseshoe form, whereby an increased water area is
provided in the basin and the deposition of soil otherwise than in the basin is
prevented, substantially as described with reference to Figures 3 and 4 of the
drawing hereto annexed.
4. The combination with a trough closet or equivalent seat aperture of a concave
back provided with a projecting flushing rim, said concave back being for the purpose
of forming a back-rest to the user and providing a space at the rear of the user,
whereby the deposition of soil otherwise than in the trough is prevented, substantially
as described with reference to Figure 5 of the drawing hereto annexed.
5. The particular arrangement and combination of tanks C and D and syphon k, or
syphons and n, and their attendant parts, forming an automatically discharging
flush-tank, adapted to operate substantially as herein described with reference to
Figures 6 to 9 of the drawing hereto annexed.
Dated this 22nd der of Donamber 1906
J. A. COUBROUGH,
Registered Patent Agent (Qual. by Exam.),
10 St. George's Crescent, Liverpool, Agent for the Applicant.