A NEW AND IMPROVED ROTARY ENGINE
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Reinhold Kaulbach, of 26, King William
Street, West Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for
the Invention of "A NEW AND IMPROVED ROTARY ENGINE."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Reinhold
Kaulbach at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 19th June 1868.
I, EDWARD REINHOLD KAULBACH, of 26, King William Street, West
Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said. Invention for "A NEW AND IMPROVED ROTARY
ENGINE," to be as follows:-
W, W, Fig. I. is a wheel of which one side of the felloe is supposed to
have been removed in order to show its internal structure. The said felloe
▸ of the wheel is hollow and may be cylindrical or of any other shape, though
here it is represented square. The said wheel may be made of steel,
iron, brass, or any material sufficiently strong to resist the pressure to
which it is intended to be subjected. Inside the said hollow felloe there
are eight grooves g; 9, 9,..
in each of which works a closely

page_text: fitting metal slide or valve v, v, 0, . . . . ., the said slides or valves
being assembled in two groups of four by means of the two articulated
parallelograms p, p, p, p—p², p', p', p', one on either side of the wheel
and in the manner shewn in Fig. I. Each of the said slides or valves
carries at its upper angle corresponding with the side on which the
parallelogram to which it belongs is placed a small roller r that projects
slightly beyond the side of the wheel, as seen in the three illustrations, but
more intelligibly shewn in Figs. II. and III. Moreover, each of the said
slides or valves passes through a stuffing box at its entrance to the wheel
so that it may be perfectly steam or air-tight. 'S, S, S, S, and S¹, S¹, S¹, S¹,
are eight moveable pieces of metal which I call shoulders, also assembled
in groups of four by means of two smaller parallelograms q, q, q, 2—
q, q, q, q', one group of four being on the one side of the wheel, and
the other group of four being on the other side of the wheel and at a
sufficient distance from it to allow it to rotate freely. The said shoulders
are brought into play in opposite pairs alternately and at will by the
aid of the levers L, L; P, P, are two pistons or more properly speaking are
two fulcra that constitute the resistance. These said fulcra are stationary
and being so made as to expand fit always hermetically to the interior
surface of the felloe. They are pierced each with two holes at right
angles, and 'opening in opposite directions o, o, o, o¹, Fig. I., for
connection with the supply pipes for the admission of the fluid into the
wheel. The said fulcra are kept stationary while the wheel itself
revolves in the following manner:-The side of the felloe that is seen
in Fig. I. has a moveable and accurately adjusted circle of métal. O, C,
in its centre, which said circle is slightly conical so that it is pro-
portionally narrower on the outside as indicated by the two dotted
lines c, c, c', c', than on the inside. To this circle the said two pistons
or fulcra are firmly fixed with bolts or otherwise, while 'the circle itself
is made fast to the framework F, F, F, F, Fig. II. that supports the
engine. The supply pipes traverse the 'said circle and 'unite 'with the
aforesaid holes in the two pistons or fulcra. Having 'duly comprchended
the arrangement as above described, and bearing in mind that the dotted
parts in the Drawings are on the other side of the wheel and out of sight,
supposing the shoulders S, S, S, 'S, and S, S¹, S', S', to occupy the
'relative positions allotted to them in Figs. I. and II., if steam or any
other propelling fluid be let into the vessel 'by the apertures. o, o, of the
pistons, the said fluid finding no issue and P, P., being inmoveable, it
is clear that the slides or valves 1 and 2, and 5 and 6, Fig. L., which are

page_text: closed, will be forced together with the wheel in the direction of the
arrows till they arrive at the respective points A and B, and A', and B'.
At those points the rollers coming into contact with the corresponding
shoulders will be suddenly driven towards the centre, the form or
position of the parallelograms will be reversed, and the said valves raised
or opened in order to escape contact with the pistons. But with this
very movement the valves that were open before become suddenly and
simultaneously closed and similarly acted upon by the propelling fluid
till they in turn arrive at the same aforesaid points A and B, and
A' and B', when likewise driven by the shoulders towards the centre
they again are opened while the former ones are closed, and thus ad
infinitum they keep chasing each other and leaping over the fixed
pistons or fulcra dragging the wheel in their course, so that a perfectly
even, regular, and continuous direct rotary motion is established and!
communicated to the axis on which the wheel is a fixture, the steam
or other fluid escaping either into the atmosphere or the condenser
by the valves n, n, or n¹, n', as the case may be, which are opened or
closed according to the direction of the action by the respective
shoulders. To reverse the movement it suffices to cut off the steam
or other propelling fluid at o, o, and to let it on at o', o', which is done
by the same turn of the steam cock. This engine may be used with
expansion if required by means of the usual appliances, slide valves are
dispensed with. Finally it is the application of the mechanical principles
as described above, constituting an entirely new system, that I claim as
my own.

page_text: 10. The ease with which the engine can be stopped even when
working at full speed by merely reversing the steam without any of
the usual risks, especially as regards locomotive engines.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edward Reinhold Kaulbach in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 18th December 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
REINHOLD KAULBACH, of 26, King William Street, West Strand, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,.
give and grant unto me, the said Edward Reinhold Kaulbach, Her special
licence that I, the said Edward Reinhold Kaubach, my executors,.
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Edward Reinhold
Kaulbach, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "A NEW AND IMPROVED ROTARY ENGINE," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Edward Reinhold Kaulbach, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Reinhold Kaulbach, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the

page_text: same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
W, W, Fig. 1, is a wheel of which one side of the felloe is supposed
to have been removed in order to shew its internal structure. The
said felloe of the wheel is hollow, and may be cylindrical, or of any
other shape, though here it is represented square. The said wheel may
be made of steel, iron, brass, or any material sufficiently strong to resist
the pressure to which it is intended to be subjected. Inside the said
hollow felloe, there are 8 grooves g, 9, 9, . . . . g, in each of which
works a closely fitting metal slide or valve u, v, v, . . . . v, the said
slides or valves being assembled in two groups of four, by means of the
two articulated parallelograms p, p, p, p, p', p', p', p', one on either
side of the wheel, and in the manner shewn in Fig. I., so that. the said
slides and their respective parallelograms revolve with the wheel, when
the latter is set in motion. Each of the said slides or valves carries at
its upper angle, corresponding with the side on which the parallelogram
to which it belongs is placed, a small roller r that projects slightly
beyond the side of the wheel, as shown in Figs. II. and III. Moreover
cach of the said slides or valves passes through a stuffing box at its
cutrance to the wheel so that it may be perfectly steam or air-tight,
S, S, S, S, and S¹, S, S¹, S¹, are eight moveable pieces of metal, which
I call "shoulders" also assembled in groups of four by means of two
smaller parallelograms q, q, q, q; q', q', q', q', one group of four being
on the one side of the wheel, and the other group of four being on the
other side of the wheel, and at a sufficient distance from it to allow it to
rotate freely, the said smaller parallelograms and their respective
shoulders differing from the aforesaid larger parallelograms, and their
respective valves or slides, inasmuch as the former are stationary, being
fixed to the frame of the engine, whereas the latter rotate with the
wheel as already stated. The said shoulders. are brought into play in
opposite pairs alternately, and at will by the aid of the levers L, L;
P, P, are two pistons, or more properly speaking two fulcra, that
constitute the resistance. These said fulcra are stationary, and being
so made as to expand, fit always: hermetically to the interior surface.of
the felloe. They are pierced each with two holes at right angles and
opening in opposite directions, o, o, o', o¹, for. connection with the
supply pipes for the admission of the fluid into the wheel. The said
fulcra are kept stationary, while the wheel itself revolves in the

page_text: following manner:-the side of the felloe that is seen in Fig. I. has a
moveable and accurately adjusted circle of metal C, C, in its centre,
which said circle is slightly conical so that it is proportionally narrower
on the outside, as indicated by the two dotted lines c, c, c, c', than on
the inside. To this circle the said two pistons or fulcra are firmly fixed
with bolts or otherwise, while the circle itself is made fast to the frame-
work F, F, F, F, Fig. II. that supports the engine. The supply pipes
traverse the said circle, and unite with the aforesaid holes in the two
pistons or fulcra. Or, and this is the method I chiefly adopt, the
aforesaid circle C, C, may be dispensed with, by making the body of the
felloe stationary, securing the two fulcra thereto and causing the inner
side or circle only of the said felloe, through which the valves slide and
with which the spurs of the wheel are connected, to rotate. By this
method the grooves in the interior of the felloe would not be required.
All the other arrangements would remain unaltered, except that the
two fulcra being attached to the felloe and all three becoming fixtures,
their expanding sides would be unnecessary. This is merely a question
of detail, affecting in no way the principle of the Invention which remains
intact. Having duly comprehended the arrangement as above described
and bearing in mind that the dotted parts in the Drawings are on the
other side of the wheel, and out of sight, supposing the shoulders S, S,
S, S, and S, S¹, S', S¹, to occupy the relative positions allotted to them
in Figs. I. and II., if steam or any other propelling fluid be let into the
vessel by the apertures o, o, of the pistons, the said fluid finding no
issue and P, P, being immoveable, it is clear that the slides or valves
1 and 2 and 5 and 6, Fig. I., which are closed, will be forced together
with the wheel in the direction of the arrows, till they arrive at the
respective points A and B, and A' and B'. At those points the rollers
coming into contact with the corresponding shoulders, will be suddenly
driven towards the centre, the form or position of the parallelograms will
be reversed, and the said valves raised or opened in order to escape contact
with the pistons. But with this very movement the valves that were
open before become suddenly and simultaneously closed and similarly
acted upon by the propelling fluid till they in turn arrive at the same
aforesaid points A and B, and A' and B', when likewise driven by the
shoulders towards the centre, they again are opened while the former
ones are closed, and thus ad infinitum they keep chasing cach other
and leaping over the fixed pistons or fulcra, dragging the wheel in
their course, so that a perfectly even, regular, and continuous direct rotary

page_text: 12. Its capability of being worked by steam, air, a combination of
the two, hot air, gas ammoniac, &c.
In witness whercof, I, the said Edward Reinhold Kaulbach, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of December,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
eight.
E. KAULBACH. (L.S.)