Improvements relating to the Complete Combustion of Fuel in Stoves, Furnaces, and other Places.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 1st June, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 1st Mar., 1894-Accepted, 7th Apr., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to the Complete Combustion of Fuel in
Stoves, Furnaces, and other Places.
I ROBERT ZEILLER of 83 Theresienstrasse, Munich in the Empire of Germany
Sculptor do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
of
Hitherto combustible products. that is to say, smoke and carbonic oxide mixed
with only partially burned particles of carbon in stoves, furnaces and fire places in
general are suffered to pass away immediately from the fire-place in
a defective supply of oxygen and an unnecessary carrying off of the smoke which
latter for the same reason originates in a considerable degree.
consequence
The special arrangement of stoves, furnaces or fireplaces of any kind described
hereinafter has for its purpose to cause movements of the air and smoke differing
from the usual kind by which such improved arrangement not only effects complete
consumption of smoke but affords a higher efficiency in the useful production
of heat.
This arrangement rests upon the principle of leading the combustible products
through the fire where its heat is greatest instead of letting the same escape as
hitherto from the fireplace or furnace into the chimney. Where the said
combustible products pass through the hottest fire, fresh atmospheric air is
supplied, in order to attain the necessary air draught and complete the
combustion.
These improved arrangements may be easily provided in the most various kinds of
stoves, furnaces or fireplaces; thus in cast iron stoves with interior cylindrical or
other combustion chambers, in place of providing air supply openings through
which the fresh air passes from below upwardly through the fuel, the smoke moving
sideways or upwards, an inverted way is chosen. An air supply pipe issuing from
the basement rises vertically between the inner combustion cylinder and the outer
mantle, and ends above the fire space within the combustion cylinder.
The smoke originating, not allowed to escape sideways or upwards (the cylinder
being closed above), is pressed downwards through the fuel.
There also ends within the cylinder a second air supply pipe by which
atmospheric air is led to the smoke in the hottest part of the fire; this air
drawing the smoke downwards, burns the same away so that perfect combustion
and maximum development of heat occur. The gases pass away downwards, then
rise up between the interior cylinder and the outer mantle to the chimney. To
adduce the air more uniformly into the combustion chamber a helt shaped air
supply channel may be arranged around the cylinder in addition to the direct orifice
of the tubes into the cylinder. From these channels a series of holes permit the
air to pass into the cylinder.
In a boiler furnace, or in general in constructions where it is possible to introduce
the fresh air directly from outside in the combustion chambers, the pipes aforesaid
are superfluous. The air enters directly above, drawing the smoke developed
above the hottest part of the fire through the obliquely arranged combustion
chamber likewise closed above.
The fire is here indeed partially, as usual, excited by air supply from below but
the smoke and partially burnt gases are here first forced to pass through the fire-
place so that only the resulting gases and flames are allowed to pass upward to the
boiler tubes. Similarly the air may pass in from below where a bent or curved
combustion cylinder closed above, is used. The horizontally directed front end of
this cylinder terminates in an orifice or mouth closed by a grating. This cylinder

page_text: besides the grating at its end possesses another grating on its under side running
from below upwardly in tapered form. If the fire is lighted at the lower end
grating, the fire will, under air supply through the two gratings, inflame the fuel in
backward and upward direction.
The carbon gradually following from above will become inflamed about to a
cross line near the upper end of the tapered grating. Here in consequence of the
increasing diminution of the grating occurs a corresponding decrease of the supply
of air so that at this place carbonic oxide is generated. As the gases are not
allowed to escape upwardly they are forced to follow the downwardly directed tube
and meet and pass through the more glowing coal at the end of the cylinder where
the second air supply is arranged to provide air to consume them.
An obliquely arranged combustion chamber which at the same time forms the
grate may for instance also be employed in existing stoves. The addition can be
made to any fire place without special alteration.
Instead of firing on the upper side of the usual grate and thereby letting smoke
and flames escape in backward direction, here the principle of smoke consumption
is performed in a similar way as before described. In a box an oblique combustion
or fuel chamber is arranged which above and behind is closed by a solid wall and
in front and below by grates, at the back however in the below part is left open.
On the front side of the box, doors are provided by which the box can be closed,
while below, air supply holes with dampers are arranged. By one of these for
instance the left hand one the air can enter the box and then directly come in front
of the inclined inserted front grate. Behind the other a special air shaft is placed
through which the air is carried to the back and passes at behind or near the
opening in the back wall.
The flames and gases pass through the glowing fire in down and backward
direction under the back wall where the renewed supply of fresh atmospheric air
meets them.
In a cooking hearth where the flames must burn in upward direction and
consequently no air draught is allowed to pass from above in downward direction,
the grate (at the same time serving as fuel chute) is here built to form a worm
spiral or cylinder journalled at its ends and capable of being rotated by a crank
bandle. On turning this cylindrical grate the coals lying upon the glowing fire
fall down while the glowing coals change their place coming above the inflamed
coals. By those means also here the smoke and unburnt gases are forced to pass
through the glowing fire.
The grate may also be composed of tubes. The tubes into which by any
suitable leads fresh air is supplied are laterally or below, in direction of their
length provided with holes. With a grate of this kind the furnace or stove is
again closed above so that the fire is drawn down from above and into the holes
in the glowing tubes which will become red hot. As into these latter also
atmospheric air enters the combustible gases are consumed before they pass off
through a connecting pipe to the chimney.
Dated this 1st day of June 1893.
K. HADDAN,
Agent for Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to the Complete Combustion of Fuel in
Stoves, Furnaces, and other Places.
I ROBERT ZEILLER of 83 Theresienstrasse, Munich in the Empire of Germany,
Sculptor, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
Hitherto combustible products, that is to say, smoke and carbonic oxide mixed

page_text: with only partially burned particles of carbon in stoves, furnaces and fire places in
general are suffered to pass away immediately from the fireplace in consequence of
a defective supply of oxygen, and there is an unnecessary carrying off of the smoke,
which latter for the same reason originates in a considerable degree.
The object of the special arrangement of stoves, furnaces or fireplaces of any
kind described hereinafter is to cause movements of the air and smoke differing
from the usual kind, by which such improved arrangement not only effects
complete consumption of smoke but affords a higher efficiency in the useful
production of heat.
This arrangement rests upon the principle of leading the combustible products
through the fire where its heat is greatest instead of letting the same escape as
hitherto from the fireplace or furnace into the chimney, and at the same time
where the said combustible products pass through the hottest fire, fresh atmospheric
air is supplied in order to provide the necessary air draught and complete the
combustion.
These improved arrangements may be easily provided in the most various kinds
of stoves, furnaces or fireplaces.
The annexed drawings illustrate various methods of carrying out this invention.
Thus in cast iron stoves, as in Figs. 1 and 2, with interior cylindrical or other
combustion chambers, in place of providing air supply openings through which the
fresh air passes from below upwardly through the fuel, the smoke moving sideway<
or upwards, an inverted way is chosen. An air supply pipe a issuing from the
basement, rises vertically between the inner combustion cylinder and the outer
mantle, and ends above the fire space within the combustion cylinder.
The smoke originating, not allowed to escape sideways or upwards (the cylinder
being closed above), is pressed downwards through the fuel. There also ends
within the cylinder a second air supply pipe by which atmospheric air is led to
the smoke in the hottest part of the fire, this air drawing the smoke downwards
burns the same away so that perfect combustion and maximum development of heat
occur. The gases pass away downward, then rise up between the interior cylinder
and the outer mantle to the chimney. To adduce the air more uniformly into the
combustion chamber, belt shaped air supply channels d may be arranged around
the cylinder in addition to the direct orifice of the tubes into the cylinder. From
these channels a series of holes perinit the air to pass into the cylinder.
In Fig. 2 the pipe is not carried to the top of the cylinder but nevertheless
enters above the fuel level therein.
Fig. 3 represents a stove such as a Dutch tiled stove with a similar arrangement
of air feed pipes a, b.
In a boiler furnace as in Fig. 4, or in general in constructions where it is possible
to introduce the fresh air directly from outside in the combustion chambers, the
pipes aforesaid are superfluous.
The air enters directly above at e drawing the smoke developed above the
hottest part of the fire through the obliquely arranged combustion chamber
likewise closed above.
The fire is here indeed partially, as usual, excited by air supply from below, but
the smoke and partially burned gases are here first forced to pass through the
fireplace so that only the resulting gases and flames are allowed to pass upward to
the boiler tubes. Similarly as in Fig. 5 the air may pass in from below where a
bent or curved combustion cylinder, closed above is used.
The horizontally directed front end of this cylinder terminates in an orifice or
mouth closed by a grating or open and provided with a grating close to it as at
This cylinder besides the grating fat its end, possesses another grating 9 on its
under side running from below upwardly in tapered form as in Fig. 6.
if the fire
is lighted at the lower end grating the fire will, under air supply from the two
gratings and g inflame the fuel in backward and upward direction.
The fuel gradually following from above, will become inflamed about to a cross
line X near the upper end of the tapered grating y. Here in consequence of the

page_text: "
increasing diminution of the grating, occurs a corresponding decrease of the supply
of air so that at this place carbonic oxide is generated. As the gases are not
allowed to escape upwardly they are forced to follow the downwardly directed tube
and meet and pass through the more glowing coal at the end of the cylinder. where
the second air supply fis arranged, to provide air to consume them.
Obliquely arranged combustion chambers which at the same time form the grate
may for instance also be employed in existing stoves. The addition can be made
to any fireplace without special alteration and is illustrated in perspective in Fig. 7
and in section in Fig. 8.
Instead of firing on the upper side of the usual grate and thereby letting smoke
and flames escape in backward direction, here the principle of smoke consumption
is performed in a similar way as before described in relation to Fig. 5. In the
box an oblique combustion or fuel chamber k is arranged which above and behind
is closed by a solid wall and in front and below by a grate k; at the back
however in the lower part is left an opening p. On the front side of the box i
doors m are provided by which the box can be closed while below, air supply holes
with dampers, are arranged. By one of these, for instance the left hand
one, n, the air can enter the box and then directly come in front of the inclined
inserted front grate k. Behind the other a special air shaft o is placed through
which the air is carried to the back and passes in behind at or near the opening p
in the back wall.
The flames and gases pass through the glowing fire in down and backward
direction under the back wall where the renewed supply of fresh atmospheric air
meets them at p.
In a cooking stove as in Fig. 9 where the flames must burn in upward direction
and consequently no air draught is allowed to pass from above in downward
direction, the grate (at the same time serving as fuel chute) is here built to form a
worm spiral or cylinder q journalled at its ends and capable of being rotated by a
crank handle r. On turning this cylindrical grate the coals lying upon the glowing
fire below, pass downwards while the glowing coals change places therewith, coming
above the inflamed coals. By those means also here the smoke and unburnt gases
are forced to pass through the glowing fire. The grate may also be composed of
tubes as shown in Fig. 10 in perspective and in Fig. 11 in section on a larger
scale. The tubes ss into which, by any suitable leads, fresh air is supplied att f
are laterally or below, in direction of their length, provided with holes u. With a
grate of this kind the furnace or stove is again closed above so that the fire is
drawn down from above and into the holes in the glowing tubes which will become
red hot. As into these latter also atmospheric air enters, the combustible gases
are consumed before they pass off througli a connecting pipe to the chimney.
Having now particularly described the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what 1 claim is.
An improved construction for providing more complete combustion of smoke and
gas in stoves, furnaces, or the like in or by which the combustible gaseous products
and smoke are led or turned back through that part of the fire where the heat is
fiercest and are at this part mingled with a fresh supply of air whereby complete
combustion of said products and smoke may be attained before the gaseous products
pass away from the fire substantially as set forth.
Dated this 1st day of March 1894.
R. HADDAN,
Of the Firm of Herbert Haddan & Co.,
18, Buckingham Street, Strand, London, W.C.