A New Solitaire, Shirt Stud, and Collar Stud.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Oct., 1590
Complete Specification Left, 27th Jan., 1891-Accepted, 8th Aug., 1891
PROVISIONAL. SPECIFICATION.
A New Solitaire, Shirt Stud, and Collar Stud.
JOSEPH ALPHONSUS KILLIN 2 Albert Terrace Le Pont Renier Guernsey
Channel Islands Watch Maker do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
A solitaire, shirt stud & collar stud in one part with one or two springs according
to price; each spring independent of the other. The solitaire consists of top &
underneath plate firmly joined forming a box. A bridge with bottom plate
attached, the bridge thin enough to pass easily through the button holes; the
plate being placed inside the box, with an umbrella shaped spring underneath,
which presses the bridge plate against the underneath plate of box this plate
having a raised pip inside which falls into two slots cut in the bridge plate, first in
one slot & then the other as it is locked in the button hole or unlocked to take it
out. A shaft is fixed in the top of the box & passes up the centre & through a
hole in the end of the bridge, a cross bar is placed on this end of the shaft, in a
line with the end of the bridge. The bridge is put through the button holes & the
top turned a quarter of the way round, which turns the cross bar the same distance
bringing it crosswise over the button hole and so preventing the solitaire coming
out until unlocked by turning the top back again. The underneath plate of the
box is cut out to come in contact with the bridge when the top is turned far
enough, thus preventing the cross bar being turned too far either backwards or
forwards.
The second spring is a thin strip lying across the bridge & its plate and acting
on a flattened part of the shaft, which being turned with the top presses the spring
away until the cross bar is carried its proper distance, when the spring falls back
on another flattened part of the shaft & holds it there until the top is turned back
again.
Dated this 15th day of October 1890.
JOSEPH ALPHONSUS KILLIN.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A New Solitaire, Shirt Stud, and Collar Stud.
JOSEPH ALPHONSUS KILLIN 2 Albert Terrace, Le Pont Renier Guernsey
Channel Islands Watch Maker do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
a box.
A new solitaire shirt stud and collar stud in one piece (or part) with one or two
springs according to price each spring independent of the other; The solitaire,
and studs, respectively, consists of top; & underneath plate firmly joined forming
A bridge with bottom plate attached the bridge thin enough to pass easily
through the button hole, the plate being inside the box, with an umbrella shaped
spring underneath, which presses the bridge plate up against the underneath plate
of the box this plate having a raised pipe inside which falls into two slots, or holes,
cut in the bridge plate, first in one slot & then the other as it is locked in the
button hole or unlocked to take it out. A shaft is fixed to the top of the box,
inside, and passes up the centre and through a hole in the end of the bridge, a
cross bar is fixed on this end of the shaft in a line with the end of the bridge; but
a little longer than the bridge; the bridge (which may be covered or not) is put
through the button holes and the top turned a quarter of the way round, which
037

page_text: turns the shaft and the cross bar the same distance leaving the bar crosswise over
the button hole, the bridge having remained stationary in the button holes, and the
cutting in the underneath plate of the box coming in contact with the bridge
prevents the cross bar being turned too far when locked in the button holes and
the same when the top is turned back to take the stud out of the button holes.
The second spring is a strip of metal, or wire, long enough to act with sufficient
force on a flattened part of the shaft, this spring is fixed on the bridge plate and
when the top is turned the shaft pushes the spring away until the cross bar is
carried its proper distance when it falls back on another flattened part of the shaft
& holds it there until the top is turned back again. The flattened part of the
shaft is thicker than the other part, thus forming a shoulder for the bride plate
to rest on, so that if the plate be pressed down firmly, the stud may be made
without any spring at all. The material used in the manufacture of these studs
and solitaires will be the same as used generally to suit the taste or fancy of the
wearer.
Fig. 1 shews solitaire without any spring: shewing thick part or shoulder of
centre shaft (d) pressing bridge plate (c) to the underneath plate (Fig. 10) with
force enough to prevent the cross bar (g) shaft (d) and top (/) turning too
casily.
Fig. 2 shews solitaire with wire spring (e) resting on flattened part of centre
shaft (d) this is before placing it in the button hole.
Fig. 3 shews same solitaire, when fastened in the button hole. The top (/)
centre shaft (d) and cross bar (g) all turned at the one time as one piece being
firmly fixed to each other; the bridge having remained stationary in the button
hole in this fig. the centre shaft (d) shews both flattened parts, the action of
locking in the button hole, having turned one flattened part away allows the wire
spring (e) to fall on the other; one end of the wire spring (e) being fixed firmly to
the bridge plate (c) remained stationary as bridge and bridge plate, the other end
resting on the centre shaft (d) springs back from one flattened part to the other,
as the centre shaft is turned to lock or unlock the solitaire.
Fig. 4 shewe umbrella shaped spring (h) inside the box pressing the bridge
plate up to underneath plate and so causing the pip (b) on the inside of under-
neath plate to fall into the slots (ii) as the solitaire is locked or unlocked;
the wire spring (e), when used in conjunction with the umbrella shaped spring (h)
will be small enough to act freely inside it.
Fig. 5 shews bridge (k) and bridge plate (c) the bridge being firmly fixed to
the bridge plate thus forming one piece, also shewing hole in centre of plate and
end of bridge through which the centre shaft must pass to receive cross bar.
Fig. 6 shews bridge (k) and bridge plate (c) centre shaft (d) and cross bar (g)
also wire spring (e) fixed on bridge plate and coiled round from where it is fixed
until it comes in contact with centre shaft, thus to act on one flattened part and
then the other.
Fig. 7 shews wire spring (e) ready to fix on to the bridge plate (c).
Fig. 8 shews unbrella shaped spring (h) ready to put into box as shewn in
Fig. 4.
Fig. 9 shews bridge plate (e) for umbrella shaped spring shewing the 2 slots (ii)
in which the pip (6) on the underneath plate acts alternately as the solitaire is
locked or unlocked.
Fig. 10, shews the underneath plate ready to be fixed in top (/) and so form
the box in which the bridge plate with both or whichever spring may be used: the
cutting () in the centre acts against the bridge (k) as shown by the dot (k) (which
represents the bridge); when the top is turned to lock solitaire in the button hole,
the other side of the cutting () will come in contact with the bridge () as shewn
by the dot (k) thus preventing the top and cross bar being turned too far. (a) is

page_text: a notch to prevent the underneath plate moving when burnished or fixed into the
top; (b) is the pip which acts in the two slots (ii).
Fig. 11. shews centre shaft (d) and cross bar (9) which when joined to top (f)
inside solitaire all turn as one piece. By this discription of the drawings, it will
be seen, that the top (), the underneath plate, centre shaft (d) and cross bar (g)
all turns as one piece, to lock or unlock; while the bridge (k) bridge plate (c)
and wire spring (e) remain stationary, being prevented by the button hole from
moving.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my invention;
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim
is the following particular parts, which I believe to be new in solitaires and studs
by the way in which they are made and act, viz., bridge and bridge plate, centre
shaft and cross bar at the end of bridge, wire & umbrella shaped springs; cutting
in underneath plate, but not binding myself to this particular shape, as cuttings
may be made more simply to have the same effect. I also claim to make this same
stud and solitaire without the springs. The following, I believe, embody and
qualify the foregoing claims.
1st. That the bottom of my solitaires & studs having only a narrow strip of
metal at the end of the bridge and a little longer than the bridge, which is as thin
is more easily inserted in the button holes than any other stud or solitaire I
know of.
2nd. That its construction is so simple that it may be made by the simplest
workman, and any accident befalling it, it may be repaired by any ordinary
apprentice in the trade.
3rd. That by applying the two springs they may be made to act with less force,
thus causing less friction, while they lock more securely, and the stud wear
serviceably much longer.
4th. That by the simplicity of its make it may, by omitting one or even both of
the springs be made cheaply to suit all customers, by making the shaft fit tight
enough to allow it to work.
5th. That the cross bar being allowed to turn only a quarter of a round it is
easier to fasten, and the wearer feels it is quite safe knowing he cannot turn it
too far.
1..15 1001
JOSEPH ALPHONSUS KILLIN,
4, Albany Terrace, Bell Road, Hounslow.