CERTAIN IM- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO OMNIBUSES, TRAMWAY CARS, AND OTHER VEHICLES, FOR THE PURPOSE OF REGISTERING THE NUMBER OF PASSENGERS CARRIED. AND THEIR FARES DURING EACH JOURNEY
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Benjamin Starr, of Finsbury Square, in
the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IM-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO OMNIBUSES, TRAMWAY CARS,
AND OTHER VEHICLES, FOR THE PURPOSE OF REGISTERING THE NUMBER OF
PASSENGERS CARRIED. AND THEIR FARES DURING EACH JOURNEY."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Benjamin Starr
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 4th November 1873.
I, RICHARD BENJAMIN STARR, of Finsbury Square, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
“CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APParatus to be AppLIED TO OMNIBUSES, TRAMWAY
CARS, AND OTHER VEHICLES, FOR THE PURPOSE OF REGISTERING THE NUMBER
OF PASSENGERS CARRIED, AND THEIR FARES DURING EACH JOURNEY," to be as
follows:

page_text: exit or an entrance turnstile, or a combination of both, as herein-after
described), the cam C actuates the lever P and causes the marker R
to mark or perforate the registering sheet, at the same time the
wheels B and E are also caused to revolve, thus turning the screw
shaft F; and this again causes the cylinder H to traverse by means
of the nut G, to which it is attached, and so on at the entrance of each
successive passenger; the length of the journey of the cylinder at each
revolution or partial revolution of the turnstile being regulated by the
pitch of the screw on shaft F.
The omnibus, tramway car, or other vehicle having completed the
first portion of its journey an attendant stationed at this point, and
provided with a suitable key or handle, first works the lever O, so as
to throw the paul N out of gear, and then by the aid of his key or
handle turns the tube I, which causes the cylinder H to revolve round
3 the screw shaft F and present another portion of its periphery to the
pencil or pricker R; so that upon the vehicle continuing its journey
each entering or issuing passenger is registered upon a different line
to those entering and issuing during the first division of the journey,
and so on successively for each division of the journey.
When the cylinder H has traversed the entire length of the shaft F
it is returned to the other end of the shaft also by turning the tube I,
the cylinder H being at the same time sufficiently turned to present
another registering surface to the pricker or pencil R. Arrived at
the end of the journey the box is opened and the registering sheets
b (which may be of paper, cardboard, or any suitable material or com-
bination of materials) removed by a properly authorized person, who
will replace them with others, and then relock the box.
In the case of a tramway car there will be a registering turnstile or
turnstiles at each end, and therefore it will not be possible for any
O person to enter the car or pass on to its roof without registration; and
in the case of omnibuses all access to interior or roof, excepting
through the turnstile or turnstiles will be obstructed.
On Sheet II. of the accompanying Drawings Figure 1 is a part
section through apparatus on the same principle as the preceding, but
5 arranged to give a rotary motion to the cylinder instead of a traversing
one, Figure 2 being an end elevation and Figure 3 a general plan of
same,

page_text: A indicates the turnstile or driving shaft, on which is the pinion B
gearing into the bevel wheel C attached to one end of the short shaft
or spindle D carrying the spur pinion E, gearing into the wheel Fon
a countershaft, at the other end of which is a spur pinion Ggearing
into wheel H on hollow shaft I; K, screw shaft; L, nut working on
screw shaft and attached to registering cylinder M; N, N, standards
or bearings to carry shafts and cylinder M; O, pricker or pencil;
P, spring on same; Q, cam on shaft A. for working lever R in
connection with pricker O. This arrangement operates as follows:-
Upon the shaft A, making a portion of a revolution under the impulsion
of the entering or alighting passenger, the cam Q actuates the lever R,
and the pricker or pencil O makes a mark or perforation upon the
registering sheets on cylinder M, and at the same time the shaft D by
means of the wheels B and C is also caused to revolve and to impart
motion through the pinion E and wheels F, G, and H, to the hollow
shaft I, on which is the cylinder M, while owing to the screw shaft K
being free to revolve no traversing motion is given to the cylinder.
-
When on arriving at the end of the first division of the journey it
becomes necessary to register a different fare, an attendant provided
with a suitable key turns the screw shaft K sufficiently to cause the
cylinder to traverse until the pricker or pencil is opposite the next line
for registering, the nut and spur gearing preventing any revolution of
the cylinder during this traverse. At the end of the journey the
cylinder is returned to its first position by turning the screw shaft K
in an opposite direction. The whole of this arrangement is boxed in
and placed in the most convenient position contiguous to the turnstile.
It will be evident that it will occupy less space than the arrangement
first described.

page_text: connection with tread plate H and shaft B; L, lever in connection
with plate I and shaft C; h, h, i, i, spiral springs holding tread plates
Hand I in place. Plate springs, counterweights, or other suitable
mechanism may be used for keeping tread plates in place. Upon the
entrance of a passenger through the turnstile the plate H is forced
down by the pressure of his foot actuating the lever K, which drawing
down the shaft B brings the wheel D into gear with the wheel G and
corresponding registering apparatus. Upon the exit of a passenger
the tread plate I is forced down actuating lever L which lifts the
shaft C and brings the wheel E into gear with the wheel F attached
to apparatus for registering exit of passenger.
Till ho
соди
that the
101
connection with tread plate H and shaft B; L, lever in connection
with plate I and shaft C; h, h, i, i, spiral springs holding tread plates
H and I in place. Plate springs, counterweights, or other suitable
mechanism may be used for keeping tread plates in place. Upon the
entrance of a passenger through the turnstile the plate H is forced
down by the pressure of his foot actuating the lever K, which drawing
down the shaft B brings the wheel D into gear with the wheel G and
corresponding registering apparatus. Upon the exit of a passenger
the tread plate I is forced down actuating lever L which lifts the
shaft C and brings the wheel E into gear with the wheel F attached
to apparatus for registering exit of passenger.
It will be seen that the gearing at the upper part of turnstile is
boxed in.
.I would have it understood that I do not confine myself to the use
of this turnstile exclusively with one or other of the registering
apparatus herein-before described, as it may be applied with advantage
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Richard Benjamin Starr in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 2nd May 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
BENJAMIN STARR, of Finsbury Square, in the County of Middlesex,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Richard Benjamin Starr, Her
special licence that I, the said Richard Benjamin Starr, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Richard
Benjamin Starr, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all

page_text: section showing the general arrangement of the screw shaft F, hollow
tube I, and cylinder H.
A indicates the turnstile shaft forming the driving shaft of the
registering mechanism. I have only shewn here the shaft of a turnstile,
as any convenient form of turnstile may be adopted. B, mitre wheel
on turnstile shaft; C, cam, and D, ratchet wheel on same; E, mitre
wheel gearing into the wheel B and secured to screw shaft F which
takes into the nut G, this nut having a tooth or projection working in
the groove or slot i in the hollow shaft or tube I; H, registering
cylinder attached to nut G. This registering cylinder is covered with
india-rubber or other soft or elastic material, upon which the registering
sheets are placed, so that they may not present an unyielding surface to
the marking pencil or pricker. I, hollow shaft or tube, the slot i
running throughout its entire length between the bearings K, K;
L, stop ratchet wheel attached to one end of the hollow shaft or tube I;
M, disc or plate fastened to one bearing K, and through which the
tube I passes. On this disc M is a spring paul N, so arranged as to
be thrown in and out of gear with the ratchet L by means of the lever O.
P, bent lever pressing against the cam C by means of the spiral
spring Q on the marker, pricker, or pencil R; S, standard or bearing
carrying the pricker R. The whole of this mechanism is boxed in and
placed above or below the turnstile or in any convenient position.
The action will be as follows:-On the turnstile shaft A being made
to revolve by the entrance or exit of a passenger (accordingly as it is an
exit or an entrance turnstile, or a combination of both, as herein-after
described), the cam C actuates the lever P and causes the marker K to
mark or perforate the registering sheet, and at the same time the
wheels B and E are caused to revolve, thus turning the screw shaft F,
and this again causes the cylinder H to traverse by means of the nut G,
to which it is attached, and so on at the entrance of each successive
passenger, the length of the journey of the cylinder at each revolution
or partial revolution of the turnstile being regulated by the pitch of the
screw on shaft F.
The omnibus, tramway car, or other vehicle having completed the
first portion of its journey an attendant stationed at this point and
provided with a suitable key or handle first works the lever O so as to
thuom the noul N out of mear and then by the aid of his key or handla

page_text: turns the tube I, which causes the cylinder H to revolve round the
screw shaft F and present another portion of its periphery to the pencil
or pricker R, so that upon the vehicle continuing its journey each
entering or issuing passenger is registered upon a different line to those
entering and issuing during the first division of the journey, and so on
successively for each division of the journey.
When the cylinder H has traversed the entire length of the shaft F
it is returned to the other end of the shaft also by turning the tube I,
the cylinder H being at the same time sufficiently turned to present
another registering surface to the pricker or pencil R. Arrived at the
end of the journey the box is opened and the registering sheets (which
may be of paper, cardboard, or any suitable material or combination of
materials) removed by a properly authorized person who will replace
them with others and then relock the box.
In the case of a tramway car there will be a registering turnstile or
turnstiles at each end, and therefore it will not be possible for any person
to enter the car or pass on to its roof without registration, and in the
case of omnibuses all access to the interior or roof, excepting through
the turnstile or turnstiles, will be obstructed.
Figure 5 of the accompanying Drawings is a part section through
apparatus on the same principle as the preceding, but arranged to give a
rotary motion to the cylinder instead of a traversing one, Figure 6 being
an end elevation, and Figure 7 a general plan of same.
A indicates the turnstile or driving shaft, on which is the pinion B
gearing into the bevel wheel C attached to one end of the short shaft or
spindle D carrying the spur pinion E gearing into the wheel F on a
countershaft, at the other end of which is a spur pinion G gearing into
wheel H on hollow shaft I; K, screw shaft; L, nut working on screw
shaft and attached to registering cylinder M; N,N, standards or bearings
to carry shafts and cylinder M.; O, pricker or pencil; P, spring on same;
Q, cam or shaft A for working lever R in connection with pricker O.
This arrangement operates as follows:-Upon the shaft A making a
portion of a revolution under the impulsion of the entering or alighting
passenger the cam Q actuates the lever R, and the pricker or pencil O
makes a mark or perforation upon the registering sheet on cylinder M,
a

page_text: and at the same time the shaft D by means of the wheels B and C is
also caused to revolve and to impart motion through the pinion E and
wheels F, G, and H. to the hollow shaft I, on which is the cylinder M,
while owing to the screw shaft. K being free to revolve no traversing
motion is given to the cylinder.
When on arriving at the end of the first division of the journey it
becomes necessary to register a different fare, an attendant provided
with a suitable key turns the screw shaft K sufficiently to cause the
cylinder to traverse until the pricker or pencil is opposite the next line
for registering, the nut and spur gearing preventing any revolution of
the cylinder during this traverse. At the end of the journey the cylinder
is returned to its first position by turning the screw shaft K in an
opposite direction. The whole of this arrangement is boxed in and
placed in the most convenient position contiguous to the turnstile. It
will be evident that it will occupy less space than the arrangement first
described.
On Sheet II. of the Drawing Figure 1 represents a sectional eleva-
tion of a double action turnstile, and Figure 2 a general [plan of the
same.
A indicates the turnstile, which may have four arms, as shown, or any
other number that may be desired, corresponding alterations being
made in the toothed gearing to register at a third or other part of a
revolution. This turnstile has a hollow shaft, through which work the
smaller shafts B and Cone inside the other. D, mitre wheel attached to
upper end of shaft B; E, mitre wheel on shaft C; F, mitre wheel
attached to apparatus for registering exit of passengers; G, mitre wheel
attached to apparatus for registering entrance of passengers. In lieu of
a separate registering apparatus for registering exit and entrance I may
register both upon one cylinder by using two markers, operating one
marker from G and another from F. H, tread plate for entrance; I,.
thread plate for exit. These tread plates may be placed side by
side at the rear of the platform, or in any other position which may be
found in practice more convenient than that shown on the Drawing.
K, lever in connection with tread plate H and shaft B; L, lever in con-
nection with plate I and shaft C; h, h, i, i, spiral springs holding tread
plates H and I in place. Plate springs, counterweights, or any suitable
mechanism may be used for keeping tread plates in place.

page_text: Upon the entrance of a passenger through the turnstile the plate H
is forced down by the pressure of his foot actuating the lever K, which
drawing down the shaft B brings the wheel D into gear with the wheel G
and corresponding registering apparatus. Upon the exit of a passenger
the tread plate I is forced down, actuating lever L, which lifts the shaft
C and brings the wheel E into gear with the wheel F attached to
apparatus for registering exit of passenger.

page_text: vertical shafts, the one within the other, operated by tread plates and
levers to gear with a registering apparatus or apparatuses of any kind.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Benjamin Starr, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Second day of May, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.