Improvements in Engines Designed to Produce Motive Power through the Consumption of Inflammable Vapours or Gas.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 1st May, 1888
Specification Accepted, 3rd Aug., 1888
Improvements in Engines Designed to Produce Motive Power through
the Consumption of Inflammable Vapours or Gas.
Chev. KONRAD VON KORYTYNSKI Engineer of Budapest Hungary do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The improvements herein described consist in the thorough combustion of a mixture
of inflammable vapours and atmospheric air, introduced into closed cylinders; such
thorough combustion being effected by the rise of a notable degree of compression in
combustion with smallesh quantities of inflammable vapours or gas; and furthermore
in a peculiar process of charge and combustion.
From numerous experiments with gas engines, I have found that differing quanti-
tative mixtures of inflammable gas and atmospheric air will within given limits
produce the same effect, while when such limits are overpassed, the resulting effect
will be extremely variable, I noticed in the course of these experiments that the exact
time when the gas is fed into the cylinders, as also the method of the mingling of it
with atmospheric air with closed chambers exercises a very marked influence upon the
ensuing process of combustion; likewise that the quantity of gas fed in for combustion
must be measured to a nicety to ensure thorough combustion and a maximum of effect.
I found moreover, that the products of combustion left in closed cylindrical chambers
likewise exert influence over the ensuing process of combustion and its effectiveness,
and that the removal of them froin the cylindrical chambers must be carried out
under constant unchanging conditions, and measured piston stroke to secure the
maximum of profitable effect.
The explanation of the last named phenomenon must be sought in the fact that the
products of combustion left behind in the cylindrical chamber give up a portion of
their heat to the incoming mixture of inflammable gas and atmospheric air, thus
intensifying its elasticity and precipitating the attainment of the flashing point.
The process of charge and combustion, as effected in the present experimental
engine is as follows:
The cylinder piston 1 Fig. 4 at the commencement of the forward stroke in con
sequence of an arrangement which opens the exhaust valve 8, first sucks back the
products of combustion towards the piston travel c. g. But these products may also

page_text: be left undisturbed in the cylinder during the exhaust stage by shutting off the exhaust
valve 8 at point 6 on the crank path. Thereupon an automatic valve 9 Fig. 4 opens
up and the piston sucks in along its further course only atmospheric air, to intermix
with the products of combustion, left behind in combustion chamber 22 and thus form
a second layer a, ẞ, y, d. At this stage of charging the gas or vapour pump by means
of an excentric fitted on to the crank shaft with a lead of 90°, begins to force the gas
or inflammable vapour into the cylinders, and while the piston continues to suck the
atmospheric air along the path o a, the gas passes into the work cylinders through
valve 23 and the channel 4.
The third layer thus formed y, 8, ε, %, contains inflammable gas or vapour, atmo-
spheric air and somewhat of the residue of combustion. This last layer y, d, e, Z, now
the suction period for the atmospheric air is at an ond, will be enriched by the
accession of inflammable gas or vapour only, which during the weaker period of com-
pression on the piston travel af where the pump piston too ends its retrogression, is
brought about by the same.
It will now be understood that the layer y, d, *, Z, becomes very rich in gas, even if
when a quantity of inflammable gas or vapour by one half smaller be used than that
which would be required for a charge of an entire cylinder's capacity, and that such
smaller quantity is certain to be thoroughly burnt in the cylinder and produce a greater
effect.
The diagrams Fig. 5, and 6, taken by me from the experimental engine fully bear
out the correctness of this description of the process and exclude every doubt on the
subject.
Diagram 5 was taken in the course of this process of charge and combustion at the
point when the inflammable gas was being sucked in through a valve along the
passage d, e, a together with atmospheric air into the work cylinder by means of
the piston, at which time the pump was not at work. Diagram 6 was taken in the
manner above described, leaving out the valve, but while the gas pump was in
operation.
This diagram on comparison with that of Fig. 5 prosents under an equal degree of
compression and smaller consumption of gas, a rapid combustion, a higher maximum
pressure, a larger working surface of the diagramme, a greater amount of utilised heat,
and lastly the egress of the products of combustion under a lesser degree of
pressure.
The gas pump piston, by means of gas valve 6 Fig. 2, and the strain exerted by
arm 15 which is raised by the tappet stop 14 at every revolution of the conical toothed
wheel, draws inflammable vapour or gas into the pump at the gas valve cone and this
charge being driven thence into the work cylinder, the pump piston during its second
forward stroke will suck in atmospheric air through an automatic valve 7. This air
during the exhaust stage is driven into the work cylinder, to pass out in part at valve 8,
but in part also to remain in the cylinder with the residue. The charge of the work
cylinder being shut off at point f of the crank path the driving piston will now com-
press the full charge from f to c, where a more rapid ignition (as shown in Diagram
Fig. 6) will take place thus generating energy along path c, d, e, d, o.
The outstanding of the products of combustion begins at point a, o, of the crank
path, while valve 8, raised by a tappet 10 and lever 11 will be shut down at
point C or d.
The regulation of power is provided for by means of an ordinary ball governor in
such wise that with a constant number of revolutions made by the engine, the
regulator balls will constantly swing at the same height and arm 15 will slide
against tappet stop 14 opening the gas valve 6;-but should the number of revolutions
made by the engine be increased, the balls will rise above their normal level, raising
the spring 15 over tappet stop 14 and the gas valve remains closed. This condition of
things endures until the engine again reverts to its normal number of revolutions.
The regulator arm 15 is raised and sunk by a spindle 34 which is wedged into the ball
frame 33. Sleeve 35 presents a slot at that part where the wedge annects pinion 34
with the frame 33, wherein the wedge together with frame 33 and spindle 34 can

page_text: move up and down. Whenever now the balls rise, the ball-levers 36 slotted in the
spindle will exert pressure on the latter and these spindles being tightly held between
the conical wheel and its bearings they will raise the frame 33 and along with it the
spindle 34 together with arm 15. When the balls drop, the frame and with it spindle
and arm will likewise drop.
The kindling of inflammable vapour or gas within closed cylindrical receptacles is
effected by means of electric sparks in the usual way.
The process of producing inflammable vapours from fluids and of introducing the
same into work cylinders to generate power is carried out as follows in the case of the
engine now under review.
In a reservoir or holder 16 into which the hot residue products of combustion are
made to pass from the work cylinder, there are placed two copper boilers, namely a
cylinder shaped boiler 12 Fig. 2, enclosing a second wing shaped helicon boiler 13.
The object of the copper bands fitted to the inside of boiler 12 and to the outside of
boiler 13 is to expedite the process of radiation of the heat absorbed by the walls of
the copper boilers and to convert into spray the fluid ejected from boiler 13,
destined to be turned into vapour.
The boiler 13 which is fixed to the regulator spindle rod, simultaneously rotates with
the latter, and receives the fluid to be turned into vapour; from a vessel 27 through a
pipe 28, a cock 29, the hollow space 19, the groove 37 and lastly through the
apertures 21; from its interior the steam generated therein passes out through the
apertures 38 while the fluid is driven into boiler 12 through the holes 30 on the bulb
shaped ring there to be turned into vapour.
n
For size, these boilers are selected in such manner as that the heat given off from
their surface shall convert into vapour during the interval between two successive
charges, so much of the fluid only as shall suffice for one charge of the work cylinders
and produce a pressure not exceeding 3 to 4 lbs. in the inflammable vapours thus
generated.
At each turn of the crank shaft one charge of fluid reaches the boiler 13 as against
which a second charge in the shape of inflammable vapour is ready by this time in
the upper spaces of boiler 12 to be fed into the work cylinder through the gas valve 6
and the pump.
The requisite degree of heat in reservoir of holder 16 can be also produced by
introducing a burning lamp, or by some other heat genorating contrivance in the
holder 16, which will be more particularly required, when the engine is to be started
working.
To prevent a partial vacuum, which might occur in boilers 12 and 13 should
sleeve 35 fail to open inlet valve 26 speedily enough or should the groove be blocked
up, an automatic spring valve 32 is provided which in the event of steam becoming
attenuated in the boilers would admit atmospheric air into them.
To harmonise the process of vapour generation herein described for the production
of inflammable vapour with the varying needs of the work-cylinder, that is to say—in
order that the machine shall not be fed with more fluid for evaporation than two
succeeding cylinder charges necessitate in the shape of inflammable vapour, in order
furthermore to ensure an adequate supply of inflammable vapours by the pump for
each production of energy to the work cylinder, the regulator in this vapour forming
apparatus has been so designed that if in the event of an excess of motive power the
balls should swing out of their normal level, concurrently with the shutting off of
the vapour by valve 6 in its course into the pump and the work-cylinder, the
admission of the fluid too into boiler 13 will be stopped by a valve 26, fitted to the
movable pinion 34.
The vapour generator herein described, being perfectly hermetic, while the vapours
reach but a low degree of tension and are generated only in small quantities, is
entirely.free from danger both as regards the works and the surrounding neighbour-
hood. I use the process above described as a whole both in horizontal and vertical
engines, in portable engines as shown at Fig. 1, Railway Engines or in fact I adapt it
to any engine that happens to be in use.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :
1) In closed cylindrical chambers, charges in smallish quantities of inflammable gas
or vapour in conjunction with atmospheric air previously heated by the products of
combustion brought together at suitable times or stages to the end that therein
inflammable varieties of gas or of vapours may intimately mix together in separate
layers, cause accelerated combustion after ignition, and thus produce a rich supply of
disengaged heat for working purposes.
2) The charging of cylinder chambers in Engines in such wise, as to let it be
formed by three adjacent layers, whereof the first, consisting of residual products of
combustion, occupies the space close to the piston; the second made up of products
of combustion and atmospheric air occupying the space next to the above named; and
the third layer consisting of inflammable gas or vapour, atmospheric air and residual
products of combustion lying close to the cylinder closure and to the lighting
channels.
3) The employment of a suction and forcing pump to compress and drive the
inflammable gas or vapour in the cylinders of Engines:
a) which at every fourth stroke receive an impulse of energy, and that during
that second half of the first down stroke, that is to say at the time of the
second half of the suction stage and of the first half of the forcing stage..
b) which at every second stroke receive an impulse of energy, meaning at the
end of the forward stroke of the piston and at the commencement of the
return stroke, that is to say immediately after the close of the combustion and
evaporation period and at the first half of the forcing period.
4) The contrivance for the escape of the products of combustion so arranged that a
fixed quantity of said products shall remain in the combustion chamber of the work
cylinders, or else be sucked back by the piston.
5) To arrange vapour apparatus, generating inflammable vapour to drive engines
with, in such wise,
a) That one or several vapour generating boilers one inside the other, and one
of which rotates, shall produce so much inflammable vapour only, as a work-
cylinder needs for one charge and one act of duty.
b) that such charge of inflammable vapour shall be produced at a time inter-
vening between two successive periods of charging.
6) The regulation of power in engines worked with inflammable vapours, and the
regulation of vapour generation in such wise.
a) That one and the same regulator shall simultaneously shut off the access of
inflammable vapours into the work-cylinders of the engines, and the access of
fluid in the vapour generating chambers;
b) That only such quantity of fluid shall pass through a valve during each turn
of the crank, into the vapour generating chambers, as is needful for the pro-
duction of one charge of inflammable vapour in the work-cylinder.
Dated this 1st day of May 1888.
GOLONYA & ROOPE,
73, Queen Victoria Street, E.C.,
Agents for the Patentee.