Improvements in Weaving Pile Fabrics.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Oct., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 2nd July, 1894-Accepted, 22nd Sept., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Weaving Pile Fabrics.
.D
I, RICHARD NORVILLE WATSON SMITH, Carpet Manufacturer, Stonefield
Works, Paisley in the County of Renfrew, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of pile fabrics such as rugs carpets
mats and velvets or similar fabrics in which part of the pile is cut and part
left uncut. In weaving such fabrics a double wire or wire and knife is usually
inserted beneath the yarn to form when withdrawn the uncut and cut pile and
two sheds are opened in the one revolution of the crank for the double wire or
wire and knife, whilst the shed for the shuttle is formed by a second revolution of
the crank.
Under my invention three sheds of the warp are formed in the one revolution
of the crank two being for the double wire or wire and knife and one for the shuttle.
The sheds may be formed by the heddles or by the Jacquard mechanism of the
loom or by any like means.
In this way a gain in production is effected depending on the number of weft
shots thrown between each shot of the pile forming wires.
Deted this 2nd day of October 1893.
CRUIKSHANK & FAIRWEATHER,
62, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Weaving Pile Fabrics.
I, RICHARD NORVILLE WATSON SMITH, Carpet Manufacturer, Stonefield
Works, Paisley, in the County of Renfrew, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of pile fabrics such as rugs, Brussels &
Wilton carpets, mats and velvets, or similar fabrics in which part of the pile is cut
and part left uncut. In weaving such fabrics a double wire is inserted, having one
of the points rounded and one of the points with knife on it, to form when withdrawn
the uncut and cut pile, and two sheds are opened in the one revolution of the crank
for the double wire or wire and knife to be inserted, whilst the shed for the shuttle
is formed by a second revolution of the crank.
Under my invention three sheds of the warps are formed in the one revolution of
the crank, two being for the double wire or wire and knife and one for the shuttle.
The sheds may be formed by the heddles or by the Jacquard mechanism of the
loom or by any like means. In this way a gain in the production is effected
depending on the number of weft shots thrown between each shot of the pile
forming wires.
To form the cut pile portion of the cloth, knots are tied on the harness cords
at the usual height above the comb or lifting board of the Jacquard machine. The
lifting height of the Jacquard machine is increased according to the extra height
required, and this when raised forms the top shed.

page_text: To form the Brussels pile portion, knots are tied on the harness cords three inches
or more higher up than the usual height as may be required, above the comb or
lifting board of the Jacquard machine. Thus the lifting board travels upwards the
distance between the knots, before it starts to lift those knots which are tied
higher up, thus forming the second shed when raised. At the same time in the
usual way the bottom shed is formed by the heddles and comber board.
In the accompanying diagrams
Figure 1 represents a section of the arrangement of harness a with single shed A
open for the shuttle which binds cloth between the pile forming wires.
Figure 2 is a section of the arrangement of harness a showing two sheds B, C,
opened by the raising of the Jacquard comb or lifting board e, and the bottom
shed A opened by raising the beddles and comber board c, the two Jacquard
sheds B, C, being for the double wire or wire and knife, and the shed A opened
by the heddle c¹ and comber board c for the shuttle. The ten cords of the harness
are placed in a row as shown by the drawings but the yarn which these
operate is divided in the reed; thus the odd numbers of the cord raise the
yarn in the first opening of the reed whilst the even numbers raise that in the
second opening.
Each pile warp thread a is put only through one mail. Those through
the mails in connection with harness cords knotted for high lift form the Wilton
or cut pile, and those through the mails in connection with harness cords knotted
for second lift form the Brussels pile. In this way with a Jacquard machine for a
five frame carpet all the colours are obtained that can be got in any ordinary
five frame Brussels carpet. The double wire is inserted and withdrawn in the
usual manner.
Any portion of the harness cords a may be knotted to form Brussels or Wilton
pile as may be arranged.
This invention may be worked with long and short mails b, b. In this way the
high lift would be formed by short mail lingoes 6' and the second lift would be
formed by long mail lingoes b. The length of the long mails & would be determined
by the less height wanted in the second lift. When the harness a selected by the
design is being raised the yarn that is through the short mails 6' would at once
start rising to form the top lift. The yarns through long mails would not start
rising until the harness had travelled upwards the height of the length of the long
mails b, thus forming second lift. In this way the knots in the harness a are all
put on at the usual height above the comb or lifting board in the Jacquard machine,
the Jacquard machine having an extra height of lift as required. Two comber
boards c, d, are used to work this, one with the usual height of lift for short mails
and one with an extra height of lift for long mails. The extra height of lift would
be the length of long mails. The two comber boards would lift the yarn they were
lifting to the same height and with heddle lift would thus form the shed for the
shuttle.
Figure 3 shows a section of this harness with three sheds A, B, C opened,
two B, C, for double wire or wire and knife and one A for the shuttle. Each
warp thread a' is only taken through one mail as in Figure 2.
When
The invention may also be worked by using as indicated at Figure 4 long and
sbort mails wherein two harness cords are used for each warp thread a' forming the
Brussels pile. In this way the warp thread a' for the second lift or Brussels pile,
would be first taken through a short mail and then through a long mail b.
wanted in the design for Brussels pile, it would be raised by the long mail b, which
mail having to be raised the length of said mail before raising the thread, would
form the second lift or shed for the Brussels wire. The same yarn when raised by
the short mail would form when wanted the top lift or Wilton pile. The warp
yarns a that are only put through the short mails would form the top lift or
Wilton pile, as described with reference to Figures 1, 2, and 3.
One or more weft shots may be thrown between each of the pile forming
wires.

page_text: The invention may also be worked by dividing the lifting board or combe of the
Jacquard machine.. In this way the knots on the harness cords would all be at the
same level, the cut pile portion of the harness would be raised by one portion of
the divided comb, the desired height for the top lift and the Brussels or uncut
pile portion of the harness would be raised by the other portion of the divided
comb the lesser height for the second height of lift. Those two combs would
be raised by rods working by cams on the crank of the loom. Figure 5 shews
a section of this method with three sheds A, B, C open.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what [
claim is :-
In weaving pile fabrics arranging the loom harness to open three sheds of warps
in one revolution of the loom crank, substantially as described.
Dated this 30th day of June 1894.
CRUIKSHANK & FAIRWEATHER,
62, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Agents.