IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESSES AND PREPARATIONS EMPLOYED IN SPINNING WOOL
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henri Adrien Bonneville, Patent Agent, of the
British and Foreign Patent Offices, 24, Rue du Mont Thabor, Paris,
in the Empire of France, and 38, Porchester Terrace, Bayswater (W.),
in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE PROCESSES AND PREPARATIONS EMPLOYED IN SPINNING WOOL."-A con-
munication from abroad by Edmund Lepainteur, Chemist, residing at
Paris, in the Empire of France, aforesaid.
Sealed the 17th December 1863, and dated the 17th August 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said llenri Adrien Bonneville
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 17th August 1863.
I, HENBI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, Patent Agent, of the British and Foreign
Patent Offices, 24, Rue du Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France,
and 38, Porchester Terrace, Bayswater (W.), in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE PROCESSES AND PREPARATIONS EMPLOYED IN SPINNING WOOL," a communi-
cation to me from abroad by Edmund Lepainteur, Chemist, a person residing
at Paris, in the Empire of France, aforesaid, to be as follows, that is to
say:
This Invention communicated to me consists in the employment of the
various carburets of hydrogen, such as essence of turpentine, ethers, alcohols,

page_text: light tar oils, and preferably the various oils or essences of petroleum or benzine.
firstly, in the composition of an oil or grease for use in spinning wool in
combination with greases, or thick or other oils, and principally with the
fatty matters derived from the residual scouring waters of woollen and other
textile materials or fabrics, or with the oil obtained from the earthy residues
existing in the wasto wool; and, secondly, for spinning this waste wool. For
this purpose,
I. The fatty matters obtained by the ordinary means from the scouring
waters are placed in a boiler with double envelope, heated by steam to a
temperature from about 210° to 240° Fahrenheit, with hydrochloric
acid in the proportion of 5 per cent. of the oil held in solution. The acid,
aided by the heat, carbonizes the foreign matters, animal or vegetable,
which form a deposit at the bottom of the boiler, leaving free a liquid,
which, when mixed with 5 per cent. of oil or essence of petroleum or
of benzine forms an oil which for spinning purposes is even preferablo to
the best olive oil.
II. The treatment of the earthy or soapy residues obtained from the waste
wool is as follows:-They are placed in a cast-iron boiler heated either on the
open fire or by steam to about 30 per cent. of their weight of hydrochloric acid.
This acid completely decomposes the soapy residue, and carbonizes the animal
and vegetable impurities, which form a deposit, and the oil in solution swims
on the surface, and when collected, and at the moment of use mixed with
5 per cent. of oil or essenco of petroleum or of benzine, forms an oil for
use as above.
III. By this process the strippings, and even the sweepings, instead of being
scoured, as hitherto, may be spun just as they leave the machines, it sufficing
to oil them with a quantity of petroleum oil or benzine, varying between 5 and
10 per cent. of their weight, according to the amount of grease which they
contain. The foreign matters intermixed with them form with the excess of
oil a sort of earthy soap, which is decomposed by the hydro-carburet. The
earth matter is then easily separated, and the purified wool retaining the
oleic-hydro-carburetted compound and an excess of oil may be readily spun
by adding a certain quantity of new wool, which latter it is unnecessary
to oil.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Henri Adrien Bonneville in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 10th February 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRI
ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, Patent Agent, of the British and Foreign Patent
Offices, 24, Rue du Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France, and
38, Porchester Terrace, Bayswater (W), in the County of Middlesex, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Henri Adrien Bonneville, Her special licence that I, the said llenri
Adrien Bonneville, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Henri Adrien Bonneville, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESSES AND PREPARATIONS EMPLOYED IN SPINNING
WooL," a communication to him from abroad by Edmond Lepainteur,
Chemist, a person residing at Paris, in the Empire of France, aforesaid,
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Henri Adrien Bonne-
ville, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that 1, the said Henri Adrien Bonneville, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This Invention communicated to me consists in the employment of the
various hydrocarbons, such as essence of turpentine, ethers, alcohols, light tar
oils, and preferably the various oils or essences of petroleum and benzine,
firstly, in the composition of an oil or grease for use in spinning wool in com-

page_text: bination with greases, thick or other oils, and principally with the fatty matters
obtained from the residual scouring waters of woollen and other textile
materials and fabrics, or with the oil obtained from the earthy residus existing
in the waste wool; and, secondly, in spinning the said waste wool. For these
purposes,
I. The fatty matters obtained by the usual means from the scouring waters
are placed in a double-bottomed boiler, beated to a temperature from about
210° to 240° Fahrenheit, with hydrochloric acid in the proportion of five per
cent. of the oil held in solution. The acid, aided by the heat, carbonizes the
foreign matters, animal or vegetable, which form a deposit at the bottom of
the boiler, leaving free a liquid, which, when mixed with about five per cent.
of oil or essence of petroleum or benzine, forms an oil which for spinning
purposes, is even preferable to the best olive oil.
II. The earthy or soapy residus obtained from the waste wool is treated as
follows: The residus is placed in an iron boiler, with about thirty per cent.
of its weight of bydrochloric acid, and heated either on the open fire or by
steam. The acid completely decomposes the soapy residue, and carbonizes the
animal or vegetable impurities, which form a deposit, and the oil in solution
swims on the surface, and when collected, and at the moment of usc mixed
with five per cent. of oil or essence of petroleum or of benzine, forms an oil
for use as above.
111. By this process the strippings, and even the sweepings, instead of being
scoured, as hitherto, may be spun just as they leave the machines, it suflicing
to oil them with a quantity of petroleum or benzine oil, varying between five
and ten per cent. of their weight, according to the amount of grease they
contain. The foreign matters intermixed with them form with the excess of
oil a sort of earthy soap, which is decomposed by the hydrocarbon. The
earthy matter is then easily separated, and the purified wool retaining the
oleic-hydro-carburetted compound and an excess of oil may be easily spun by
adding a certain quantity of new wool, which latter it is unnecessary to oil.
With regard to the first two processes (Section 1. and II.), the operations
may be more fully described thus:-The oil in an impure state is extracted in
the ordinary way, that is, by pouring into the scouring waters sulphuric acid
in the proportion of ten ounces to cach pound of oil in suspension or solution.
The greasy matter thus obtained is next removed from the surface of the water,
and to it is added a quantity of hydrochloric acid equivalent to one-twentieth
part of the oily matter. The whole is then poured into a double-bottomed
boiler or cauldron, and heated by steam to from about 210° to 240° Fahrenheit,

page_text: so as to evaporate what little water is still contained in the oil. The heat
thus aids powerfully the action of the bydrochloric acid, which carbonises all
foreign matters, animal and vegetable, contained in the oily compound.
These foreign matters sink to the bottom of the cauldron, and form a deposit,
which is easily removed. By these means an oil is obtained, which, when
mixed with five per cent. of petroleum or benzine, forms an oil for wool of
very superior quality, which improves the wool, and keeps the cards in good
order, their teeth being kept bright, and it being easier to strip them. The
hydrocarbon which I mix with my oil, at the same time that it renders this
latter more liquid, has, in fact, a dissolving action on the greasy matters
contained in the capillary tubes of the wool, which, becoming fluid, spread
themselves uniformly through every part of this tube, and while preventing
the wool from twisting, renders it supple and elastic, two very useful qualities
for spinning. I may remark as well that wool oiled by this process is scoured
so easily that it is unnecessary to use soap for the purpose without using a
larger quantity of suda than when soap is used.
A good oil for spinning purposes may also be obtained by mixing any of the
hydrocarbons, but preferably petroleum and benzine, with greases and thick or
other oils. The hydrocarbons in general may be employed for this purpose,
such as benzine, essence of turpentine, essences of petroleum, ether, alcohols,
light tar oils. Those preferred are petroleum, its oils and essences, and
benzine.
The earthy residus from the waste wool are treated substantially as above
described, and the following details are more particularly connected with
Section III., although they explain more fully the manner in which the said
residus are extracted and separated from the waste wool.
Besides these latter results, another and even more important has been
obtained by using a hydrocarbon for oiling the waste wool (strippings and
even sweepings), by means of which they have been spun with the greatest
facility without being scoured in the first place, as is generally done, in which
operation, besides the workman's time, there is a great loss of textile material,
and in consequence of the means used complete loss of the oil which they
contain, and which is not less than from 25 to 30 per cent. of their whole weight.
In order to obtain the said result it is only necessary to oil the waste wool
with from five to ten per cent. of petroleum or benzine, according to their
more or less greasy state. The waste wool being generally charged with foreign
matters and with a superabundant quantity of oil, which together form a sort
of earthy soap, the hydrocarbon by decomposing instantaneously this soap

page_text: softens the wool, the earthy matter separates from it very easily, while the wool
retains the oleic-hydro-carburetted compound, and as there is an excess of oil,
in adding a certain quantity of new wool to this mixture, in order to be ablo
to spin it, one may understand that it is unnecessary to oil this latter. This
earthy matter may be likewise treated with sulphuric acid, but hydrochloric is
preferred. The earthy matter above described which is thus separated from
the wool contains like the latter a large quantity of oil, which may be
extracted and regenerated by a very simple process, thus completing the
integral regeneration of the oil used for spinning wool, and rendering trade a
product lost up to the present time, and for which so many thousands are
annually spent.
The process
is as follows:-The waste, consisting of "dust" intermixed with
animal and vegetable impurities forming an earthy soap, are collected in a
cast-iron boiler, heated either on the fire or by steam, in which thirty per cent.
of bydrochloric acid by weight of waste is poured. A very simple reaction is
produced; the acid, aided by the heat, attacks and soon completely decomposes
the earthy soap, carbonises the animal and vegetable matters, and the oil thus
freed rises to the surface, whereas the lower part of the boiler contains the
carbonised matters, and the ammonaical salts formed during the operation,
constituting together a manure of great fertilizing power.
Thus, the Invention comproses,―
Firstly, the treatment by a special means of the greasy matters extracted
from scouring waters by the use of hydrochloric or sulphuric acids.
Secondly, the composition of an oleic-hydro-carburetted compound by the
addition of a hydrocarbon not only to the greasy matters thus mentioned but
to all oils and greases whatever.
Thirdly, spinning waste wool by the addition of hydrocarbons without sub-
mitting it in the first place to a scouring process.
Fourthly, and lastly, the extraction of the oil contained in the earthy matters
derived from the waste wool.
All these operations together aid in attaining the object of the Invention,
which is the complete regeneration of the oils employed in spinning wool, and
consequent saving of the oils used for this purpose.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, what I claim is the
employment of the various hydrocarbons, such as essence of turpentine, ethers,
alcohols, light tar oils, and preferably the oils or essences of petroleum and
benzine,―
Firstly, in the composition of an oil or grease for use in spinning wool in

page_text: combination with greases, thick or other oils, and principally with the fatty
matters obtained from the residual scouring waters of woollen and other textile
materials or fabrics, or with the oil obtained from the earthy residus existing in
the waste wool.
And, secondly, in spinning the said wasto wool.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henri Adrien Bonneville, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
H. BONNEVILLE. (L.S.)