IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FABRICS PRODUCED IN WARP AND LACE MACHINERY
Year: 1844

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
DUNINGTON, of Nottingham, Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of that part of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland called England, bearing date at Westminster, the
Fourth day of March, in the seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself,
Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Henry Dunington,
Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the
Henry Dunington, my exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Henry Dunington, my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the
term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed,
my
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FABRICS PRODUCED
IN WARP AND LACE MACHINERY; in which said Letters Patent is contained
a proviso that I, the said Henry Dunington, shall cause a particular descrip-
tion of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said

page_text: recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto
had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Henry Dunington, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say ;-
My Invention relates to the manufacture of fabrics 'made in warp and warp
lace machines, and where in india rubber is used and introduced either sub-
sequently to the making the same, or when making the same, as hereafter
explained. And the Invention consists,―
First, of a mode of introducing strands of india rubber transversely in fabrics
made in warp and warp lace machines.
Secondly, my Invention consists of a mode of combining braided india-
rubber bands transversely across fabrics, when making them in warp and warp
lace machines; and,
Thirdly, my Invention relates to a mode of drying woollen warp fabrics
having india rubber therein.
And in order that my Invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the means pursued by me. The
nature of warp and warp lace machinery, and the mode of working the
same, by causing the various warp threads to be formed in loops and looped
into into each other, thus producing various close and also lace fabrics, being
well understood, it will not be necessary to enter into any description thereof;
and it will only be necessary to explain the working thereof so far as it is
requisite for making my improvements understood. And I would here state,
that I am aware that india rubber has before been introduced transversely
across warp and warp-lace fabrics whilst the same are in the act of working,
and a Patent was taken for the same; and I mention this circumstance, in
order to state, that although the first part of my Invention has for its object
the making of warp and warp-lace fabrics with india rubber introduced therein,
I do not claim the introduction of india rubber generally, but only a mode of
performing the same.
And the first part of my Invention consists of introducing wires or draw
threads into the fabrics as they are made, and then drawing in strands of
india rubber when drawing out the wires or draw threads so introduced.
The wires introduced I make with eyes at their ends, by which means the
strands of india rubber, covered or uncovered, are readily drawn in; and when
I employ draw threads I take care that they are somewhat larger than the
threads of india rubber; and such is the case with the wires used, by which the

page_text: strands of india rubber can be more readily drawn into the fabrics when with-
drawing the draw wires or draw threads. The best means I am acquainted
with for introducing the draw wires or draw threads is as follows:-I will
suppose that the machine has just completed the working of a course. In
putting the machine into action the sinker bar will move forward, and the
arches of the sinkers will take over the work, and then recede, carrying with
them the fabric already made, and the warp threads, which are looped on to
the needles, will be below the needles, leaving a space between them and the
needles. Into this space I place a draw wire or a draw thread, so that in con-
tinuing the working of the machine the draw wire or draw thread will be shut
into the fabric which is being produced in the warp or warp-lace machine in
the same manner as heretofore practised in introducing india-rubber or other
transverse threads into warp and warp lace fabrics; and in this manner may any
number of wires or draw threads be introduced, leaving such intervals between
them as the manufacturer may consider desirable for accomplishing his object.
The wires or draw threads thus introduced will allow of the fabrics being dyed
and submitted to other processes which are more or less injurious to india
rubber before the india rubber is introduced, taking care that the metal is such
as not to be prejudicially acted on by the particular processes; and when draw
threads are used in woollen warp fabrics which are to be felted, then the draw
threads are not to be of woollen or other felting materials. When the india
rubber has been drawn into the places prepared for the same by withdrawing
the draw wires or draw threads, elasticity is to be obtained thereto by heat in the
ordinary manner.
I will now describe the second part of my Invention, which consists in
applying india braids in warp or warp-lace fabrics in the progress of their
manufacture, and I prefer for this purpose that the india-rubber braid (braid
containing india rubber should be in the non-elastic state, and that the same
should be rendered elastic after the fabrics are made. Supposing a warp or
warp-lace machine has been at work, and is in the condition of just having
knocked over the work, I cause the loops from the needles to be all removed
by the process of what is called tickling, which is well understood; I then
place one edge of the braid on to the stems of the needles, and cause the loops
on the ticklers to be returned on to the needles; I then work the machine till
as many courses of work are produced as will be equal to the width of the
braid; I then again use the ticklers and remove the loops from all the needles,
and place the other edge of the braid on to the needles; I then return the loops
on the needles from the ticklers, and work a course which will cause that edge
with the work to be removed from the needles, in the same manner to what

page_text: had previously been effected by working; after placing on the first edge of the
braid on to the needles, the machine being continued to be worked will pro-
duce warp or warp-lace fabric; and in such manner can braid be affixed to warp
fabrics as they are in the act of making in the machine.
.
I have found that in
I will now describe the third part of my Invention.
drying woollen warp fabrics having india rubber introduced therein, that the
use of artificial heat of fire or stoves is very liable to injure the india rubber
contained therein; and I have discovered that by the use of steam heat or the
heat of hot water, woollen warp fabrics, with india rubber therein, may be dried
very quickly, and yet not injured by the heat so applied; and I believe
the best arrangment for this purpose is a room or stove heated up to about
120° of Fahrenheit by steam in pipes, or hot water circulated in pipes.
And I would remark, that I am aware that such descriptions of hot rooms
or stoves are in common use for drying various fabrics, and are well known;
the same separately therefore is not claimed by me as part of my Invention,
this part of my Invention being confined to the mode of drying woollen warp
fabrics, when containing india rubber, by the use of suitable rooms or stoves
heated by steam or hot water; and in carrying out this
part of Invention I
prefer first to drive off as much water as possible from the fabrics by centrifugal
means, such as are now well understood, and consisting of placing the goods in
a wet state in a revolving cylinder; and having thus got rid of a larger quantity
of water, I then open the fabrics out and submit them to the heated chamber or
room above described.
my
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the best means I am
acquainted with for performing the same, I would have it understood, that
I do not confine myself to the details herein mentioned, so long as the
peculiar character of either part of my Invention be retained; but what I
claim is,―
First, the mode of introducing india rubber into warp and warp-lace fabrics
by means of draw wires or draw threads, as herein described.
Secondly, I claim the mode of conbining india-rubber braid to warp and
warp-lace fabrics in the progress of their manufacture; and,
Thirdly, I claim the mode of drying piece goods of woollen warp fabrics,
when having india rubber therein, by means of centrifugal force and steam
heat, as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Dunington, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-four.
HENRY (L.s.) DUNINGTON.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fourth day of September,
in the year of our Lord 1844, the aforesaid Henry Dunington came before our
said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to
the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Fourth day of September, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-four.