Improvements in sink cones and stink traps and casting them
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Oct., 1887
Complete Specification Left, 24th July, 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 31st Aug., 1888
with Lead.
I, PHILIP JOHN DAVIES, Hydraulic Engineer, Lead Caster and Professional Lead
Burner, of 78 Earls Court Road, Kensington, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of my said invention to be as follows:
Improvements in sink cones and stink traps and casting them, such cones and
stink traps being applicable for conveying water from sinks &c. to waste pipes or
drains and for the trapping of waste pipes, overflow pipes to valve and other water
closet, soil pipes, drains lavatory basins, urinals, washing trays, baths &c.
This invention chiefly relates to that description of stink traps and cone made in
the shape of a partition trap or syphon with cast lead for fixing to or in conjunction
closets, sinks and pipes or with the above recited apparatus and consists in the
following arrangements
My small trap for sinks and such like purposes is generally formed with two
partitions or diaphragms with a lip or lips and cast within a tube, pipe or casing-
These partitions or diaphragms forin or partially form the trap and are generally cast
in iron or other moulds with cores which I have specially invented for the purpose
and which partially forms the subject matter of this invention-These sink trap cores
are in two main pieces provided with a draw core and the outer part or shell is
preferably in two halves clipped together to the trap 1 fix or cast a cleansing hole in
case the trap should become choked up with dirt &c. The top part of the trap is at
times left open or spun or worked down or open to suit the different requirements
and at other times it is provided with a novel made cast lead cone (in shape some-
thing like the old fashioned bell trap) with a grating, which grating I prefer to fix
with two screws, screwed into lugs-These lugs are fixed on to the sides of the cone
preferably by a small button of lead burnt on the sides or walls of the cone and are
better than soldering on for the reason that they will not fall away when the plumber
may heat his pipes &c. to make the desired joints and also the lug thus be knocked
one side or other to suit the position of the screw holes.
The bottom part of this small sink trap may be worked or spun down to suit the.

page_text: .
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different sized waste pipes. When my small trap is used for Butlers pantry sinks
baths &c. I use a valve which is constructed below the grating and in the cone and
may be of the ordinary ground in or elastic kind; and the method I have invented
for keeping such valve open is by the introduction of a simple loose ring attached to
the valve spindle and which I make in such a manner that when the spindle is up the
ring falls into a sunk part in the grating and acts as a strut and so keep the valve
open, of course the valve may be kept up by well known means such as with a slot
and pin &c.
It will readily be seen that cones and Butlers pantry sink plugs made in accordance
with my invention can be provided with a larger grating than heretofore, by reason
that the valve is fixed below the grating and thus a much better flushing action is
insured to the pipes drains &c. It can also be readily seen that my cones with
valves can be used with great advantage to all sinks, as the sink fitted with my cones
and valves can be allowed to fill up with water, washed out, and the plug lifted, thus
securing a good flush out to the waste pipes drains &c. a great desiteratum in house
sanitation. When my cones are not to be fixed or attached to my trap I prefer to
form on the lower part a short length of pipe which is not a stump but sufficiently
long to allow the plumber to make an upright joint below the sink thus saving the
cost of one plumbers joint a matter of 3 or 4 shillings and only at the expense of as
many pence such pipe I call a tail pipe.
In casting my cones especially with tail pipes I make the outer part of my mould
in two and inside the mould I sink a ring which forms a bead on the outer part of my
cone, this bead adds to the appearance of the cone and is useful for pulling the
casting off the core while the mould being in two halves allows the outer parts of
the moulds to come away from the casting in a more simple manner than the old
method of casting bell traps and as before recited also enables me to cast on my
cones a length of pipe instead of a stump as are on bell traps and which stumps do
not exceed an eighth of an inch or so in length.
It will readily be seen that my traps can be used on the overflows of valve water
closets without cones and when used for this purpose I prefer to form the trap with
the partition without the outer casing or shell which I do as follows I fix or form the
trap on or partially on the side or end of the closet box itself by placing or casting
the before mentioned partition or diaphragms on the closet box to form or partially
form the overflow trap I then fix or cast on the other partition or diaphragm and
connect an overflow pipe to it. But the method I prefer of forming the trap is by
casting with lead the partitions or diaphragms and closet box in one piece and by
burning a cover on the top part of the trap-To this trap when constructed with the
partition as above recited I use an over flow pipe preferably made in the shape of a
knuckle jointed flanged pipe having a cleansing cap and screw or this pipe may be of
a syphon shape with a flange, and when so made may be used separately.
When I make the over flow pipe for valve closets in the shape of a syphon I cast it
with a core made in only two pieces and which enables me to cast it with greater
facility than heretofore. This syphon pipe may also be used separately for over flow
pipes to valve closets.
The traps for fixing below valve closets are of necessity made larger than those
required for sinks, lavatories, overflows to valve closets &c. and I prefer to form
the inlet part with a tapered rounded inlet pipe leading down to the diaphragm
or throat of the trap and on the outer diaphragm I usually form a stump for the
outlet. The top part of the trap is as in the valve closet box trap always cast
open, and provided with a flange the top is then as in my sink trap and cone
burned on afterwards-In casting this I as in my said trap do with two main
cores which, partially forms the inlet and outlet and two pieces to form the lower
part of the first partition or diaphragm.

page_text: Improvements in Sink Cones and Stink Traps and Casting them
with Lead.
I PHILIP JOHN DAVIES of 78 Earls Court Road Kensington in the County of
Middlesex, Hydraulic Engineer, Lead Caster, and Professional Lead Burner, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention chiefly relates to that description of Stink Traps and Cones made
with cast lead for fixing to or in conjunction with Closets, Sinks, and Pipes and
consists of the following arrangements.
The small Trap suitable for Sinks, Lavatories &c. are generally circular on plan or
cross section having parallel or nearly so sides within which I cast one or more
Partitions, Diaphragms, or lips to form a Trap, such partitions and diaphragms being
formed with metal cores and without complicated parts, and without the necessity of
dovetailed or dowel pinned in the cores, and with the least possible number of core
pieces, three pieces being sufficient, and is made with two main cores and one draw
core.
By reference to figures 1 and 2 sheet 1 the tube pipe or casing will be seen at
A, AL, L with the diaphragms or partitions SB, and B B; a plan or cross
section of the same is shown at X, Y, Z, on the same sheet.
C figure 1 is the grating or strainer and D D are the lugs preferably burnt on or
fixed with small buttons of lead to the sides, or they may be first cast and afterwards
put into the core in such a manner that when the body or casing is run the lead
will run into or round them, and so fix them securely at the same time the casing
is run.
GJ and GJ sheet 1 is a section and elevation of the lugs I prefer to make and
HH are the holes which I fill up with a button of lead which when filled up with the
areohydrogen blow pipe or otherwise is in shape something like a horse bean and
form a natural rivet or rivets. J is the small screw hole for the screw E figure 1 to.
fix the grating.
K figure 1 is the outlet which I sometimes cast separately, spin down or otherwise
worked to its present shape, or at other times I form it as shown at figure 11, or for
certain work keep the outlet to the size of the body as shown by the dotted lines at
figure 9 at F, also as shown in figure 12, but the method I generally make these sink
traps for scullery sinks is as shown with a tapered outlet and a wide mouthed bell or
cone shaped inlet having a large grating similar to that shown at figure 9, or to that
shown at figure 1 with the cone figure 5 and grating for the inlet.

page_text: Of course when I cast the outlet cones separately as at figure 3 sheet 2 or the top
cones I fix them together, preferably by burning the edges as shown at figure 4, and
the method I generally go to work is to cast the body as shown at figure 2, and with
recessed rings, and beads, the recessed ring forms a ledge as at M L figure 2 for the
cone CC figure 2 or any of the other cones to drop into, and which renders the lead
burning simple and very effective which otherwise would occupy nearly double the
time to execute, and not near so strong a job; whilst at times these rings and sets offs are
exceedingly useful in pulling off the casting from the bottom or fixed core, in fact so
much advantage is gained by the use of these rings, set offs or recesses, and the
outside chill in parts that in casting the old fashioned sink, cones or Bell Traps (as
they sometimes are called in different localities, and as illustrated at Q, E, CONE.
BELL TRAP. on sheet 1,) that they can be cast at three times the speed and con-
sequently much lighter and cleaner than heretofore.
I have also by these improved rings been able to cast the old bell trap Cone with
long lengths of pipe as at B, K, which saves a joint, the line QQ in the figure Cone
Bell Trap sheet 1 cuts the pipe at the part that hitherto such Bell Traps have been
made, and the ring AQ shows a ring or head for casting these traps without the tail
pipe BQ and when made according to my invention; the ring A may be internal or
external or may be in any part of the body. or external part of the casting but
preferably at this point. By a practical workman it will be at once seen that the
external part of my mould must be in pieces in order to get the castings with these
rings therefrom, and for cones, Bell Traps, pipe sockets with astragals, (such as is
shown at figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 23,) this will be
acknowledged a desideratum, for in my method of casting with the outer parts of the
moulds in pieces the workman never requires to in the least knock or hammer the
moulds to get the parts of the mould away from the casting; in fact my moulds (by
the use they receive) last an unlimited time whilst the old fashioned sink Cones or
Bell Trap moulds being in one piece externally if used constantly only last a limited
period owing to the incessant hammering to get the casting therefrom.
The trap part of the figure 1 is formed between the diaphragms S and B, and is
made with rounded angles so as to be as easy cleansing as possible. The siphonage
is reduced to its minimum by reason that the water capacity between the diaphragms
is more than that on the inlet side. This figure is formed with nearly parallel sides
with a lip or set off A L; A A supports the trap to the sink, and in this figure I
usually form a cleansing hole with the necessary plug or stop for cleaning out, which
may be anywhere in the vicinity of S as shown by the circle, or in lieu of this I some-
times fix a simple plate or door with necessary fastenings as shown at Q Q figure 4.
Figure 4 is the same trap used for intercepting, that is to say to be fixed on a line
of pipe.
Figure 5 is a cone suitable for fixing on the body figure 2 when larger gratings are
required than the body, as shown at figure 1 will admit; and is, owing to its shape
what is sometimes known as a Bell Trap Cone, but with my improved lugs for fixing
the grating and rings with beads or astragals as at B R.
Figure 6 illustrates my improved cone in elevation showing the astragal B, and the
fixing ears T, T, with the cleansing door Q. Of course should the socket part
between A. B, require to be longer, then I use two astragals as shown at figure 40 or 41,
which may be either cast separately, or the top part as shown by the dotted lines
figure 41, and the bottom part together, but in figure 6 I have shown the top part. W
and the socket part in one piece as made for the plumber to attach his pipe L to with
a joint P.
Figure 7 illustrates in elevation my sink cone figure 13 with bottom part of the
pipe coned open, and fixed on to the body of my trap figure 2 with a cone figure 3
at P; the trap here figure 7 is fitted with a cleansing cap and screw G. In this
figure 7 may also be seen a screw at S S, for connecting the cone A, to the trap, and
the pipe CT may be made to any desired length, but the length I prefer to make them
is from four to six inches.
Figure 8 sheet 3 illustrates the same kind of trap but with a different top ; here

page_text: instead of having a cone with pipe as in figure 7 I use a double cone which may be
attached to the trap by burning as at M, or fixed together by screws or their
equivalents.
Figure 9 illustrates my trap with cone attached having preferably an india rubber
plug W which fits into the lead seating X with the grating V, and actuating spindle a
with the ring for pulling open the valve, and which also acts as a strut when turned
for keeping the valve open, it also shows the fixing socket Z, with the astragals L', L':
LL, and the cone G; or instead of this socket the body of the trap can be
tapered as shown by the dotted lines G to L or instead of tapering might be left
open as shown by the dotted lines at F F. Q shown by the dotted lines fig. 9 is a
stump sometimes fixed or cast on, answering for an overflow into the trap, and may
be used in conjunction with my sink cone figures 13 &c. without traps.
Figure 10 illustrates my sink cone grating E E, dished, with guide C, also with
the spindle a, and ring V, turned to act as a strut; it also illustrates the india rubber
valve W, which I prefer to fix on the spindle between two washers F, d, with soft
solder. N is a nob which I sometimes employ made to go flush into the dished part
of the grating. By preference 1 use this valve and grating in conjunction with any
of my cones or sockets, and with or without fixing lugs. AX K figure 10 is a dished
out cone or socket with a ring B B, and which I use for very large gratings.
Fig. 11 illustrates my cone or pipe socket with astragals D, E, F G, also with a
bead H. These cones or sockets I make with or without taper, and with or without
the ears ZZ, and are, when cast with astragals and ears only, exceedingly useful for
stack pipe work, especially where hot water is thrown through sinks or closet pipes.
Sometimes I make this cone or socket with a flange as shown by the dotted lines
at E, for screwing to slate, iron, earthenware, and other sinks. A B, is the outlet
pipe which I cast or burn on, or the plumber that fixes these cones or sockets may
wipe the pipe on at the bead H.
Figure 12 illustrates my sink cone with lock grating, lugs D D, bead A. B, and
valve seating X X, with tail pipe K B, which I make long enough to enable a
plumber to attach any kind of trap to, or in other words to solder any kind of trap to
below the sink without the necessity of lengthening such pipe, thereby saving one
Plumber's Joint which otherwise would have to be made near about A B; and when
this pipe is made extra long, or very small and light. I form an additional ring or rings
on the pipe as shown at F, and when this cone is required extra large and the pipe
admits of the trap being formed therein I do so as shown by the dotted lines. Such
is also applicable to figure 13, which is the same cone but fitted with a plug or valve.
Figure 14 illustrates my cone with valve and grating with my trap formed with
one diaphragm B, with the outlet e, suitable for horizontal or oblique pipes running
into a cone with junction branch as shown by the dotted lines, and as with CONE
WITH JUNCTION.
This sink cone trap and cone junction with branch is especially suitable for sink
pipes requiring ventilation, especially when the waste pipe runs vertically more than
five feet, and is exceedingly useful for connecting traps to the ordinary iron stack
pipe.
The top and bottom part of the trap may be screwed or burned together, or a
cleansing plug may be fixed in the side or at the bottom as shown at K. The dotted
lines at Fillustrate the overflow stump or inlet when it is desired to fix such from the
sink or otherwise.
Figure 17 is the same trap as figure 14 but with cleansing door Q, and inverted
cone E inlet, for receiving waste water from cistern wastes or the like; or instead of
this trap being made with a vertical cone inlet as at E, the inlet I sometimes make to
come in a horizontal direction as shown by the dotted lines E, F, G, which will
receive the waste water from a line of horizontal or oblique pipe; to the outlet of this
trap is attached a union for easy connections, and for places where the pipes cannot
be well soldered together.
Figure 16 illustrates the same kind of trap as figure 14 but with a cone top H. E,
which can be crimped in at the top so as to make small enough to pass through

page_text: the hole of a sink; after which it can be bossed or worked out again to its size, and
a suitable sized grating fixed; and this kind of top may also be used on any of my
before recited traps; on the bottom part of this trap is shown a cone with cleansing
cap at the bottom, which may be attached by any known means.
Figure 15 is the class of trap I prefer to fix below baths; W the plug which I
prefer to make to work in a kind of stand pipe at the foot of the bath, is for the
overflow; e the outlet: A D, E D, shows in dotted lines how I prefer to fix these
traps with a suitable flange.
Figure 18 sheet 7, illustrates my single diaphragm trap with flange g, for fixing to
the overflow of valve closets; A A, is the overflow pipe ribbed to receive the arm of
the basin.
The ribs or beads answer better than a smooth pipe for making the necessary putty
joint. A, g, shows by dotted lines how I prefer at times to bulge these traps to ensure
full water way.
Figure 19 illustrates my trap with knuckle bend gf with single diaphragm with
flange E E, for attaching to the back part of an iron closet box the back part of
which forms the other diaphragm, both of which partitions or diaphragms_form
the trap. The pipe gf, may be attached to the partition or diaphragm B by
screwing, burning on, or otherwise, and a cleansing cap may be fixed at S, or at C,
and the whole or part made with lead or other suitable material.
Figure 20 is my trap partially or wholly formed to or on the closet box :
D is the diaphragm, partition or back part of the box; BB an additional diaphragm
or partition; fg, is the overflow pipe, S the cleansing cap; FG, the flange for the
collar or valve of the closet; I the outlet. A plan of this box is shown at figure 21
sheet 8, and an elevation of this is shown at figure 22, and figure 23 is the overflow
pipe with flange XJ specially formed for purposes of easy burning the same to closet
box. Similar letters refer to similar parts.
Fig. 24 sheet 9 illustrates my trap "in the shape of a siphon" with cone or socket
top having a flange A B, for attaching the trap to the back part of a valve closet box.
Figure 25 is an elevation of the same illustrating the cleansing plug S, which may
screw in or be fitted with lugs and screws as at T.
Figure 26 is a plan of the outlet. It will be readily seen that in forming this trap
figure 24 that I can make it with two main cores and one draw core; GC, being the
outlet core, and Dg, the inlet core; the plug FE forms the bend, throat, and heel of
the trap and thereby I dispense with the usual small jointed pieces hitherto used in
forming such traps, and the outlet flange is cast at one and the same time. At times
I dispense with the cleansing cap or plug, and when such is the case I form a groove,
rabet or recessed ring as before recited, for receiving a suitable piece of lead for
filling up the plug or core hole, after which I burn the lead together by fusing the
edges as in figures 1, 2, 3, &c. and thus dispense with the brass cap.
The traps for fixing below valve closet boxes and closets generally, are of necessity
made larger than those for ordinary house sinks, lavatories, overflows to valve
closets &c., and I prefer to form the inlet part as I do my well known Helmet Trap,
or anti siphon trap, with a taper dip, or as recited in my provision specification with a
tapered rounded inlet pipe leading down to the diaphragm or throat of the trap, and
on the outer diaphragm I usually form a stump for the outlet and which may be clearly
understood by reference to the drawing figure 27 which illustrates my trap having a
tapered inlet or dip pipe, but on the outlet side generally bellied out much larger with
a curved, rounded, or flattened top to prevent siphonage &c. On the outlet part of
this trap generally cast a flange as shown at J. H. for the plumber to wipe his outlet
I
pipe thereon, rendering it easy to make. The top part of this trap is cast rounded,
and part finished at the back, as shown at FE, and with the sides made long enough
to turn down and fold over without having to put in an additional piece for making
the top good.
Figure 28 illustrates the flanges for supporting the trap upon the trimmers of the
floor of the water closet. It will be readily seen that such a casting is exceedingly
simple to make.

page_text: Figure 29 illustrate the cores of my partition trap (figure 2) in three pieces only;
A, and B, are the main cores, and the side draw core, K. J. is the space left
between the cores for the metal to run into, and to form the partitions, diaphragms
or lips.
Figure 30 is an elevation of the bottom part of the main core, and figure 31 another
view of the draw core. It will readily be seen that if you take away the draw core C
figure 29, that the two main cores will appear a blank, and totally useless for forming
a trap, see figure 32.
Figure 32 illustrates the mould, two main cores, and draw core Q; A, A, are the
outsides. The space between the cores and outside represents the lead diaphragm ;
D is a lug with the lead run round it, and which saves putting it on separately.
Figure 33 is an elevation of the outside of the mould having the draw core hole
left to view.
Figure 34 is a plan of the mould showing the pouring holes P, P.
Figure 35 illustrates the mould worked by having the side A made a fixture, and
with a flywheel to draw the core Q; B is a movable side, C a core worked by the
lever K, D is pulled out by a crane or otherwise, B can be taken away by hand or
made to work on a slide and otherwise.
Figure 36 illustrates the mould and cores for making my sink trap similar to
figure 14 with one diaphragm. A is the bottom core, D the top core, and F the draw
core for making the outlet; G. H. are the outsides of the mould; the metal trap is
represented between the cores and outer parts.
Figure 37 illustrates my mould for moulding my short sink cones with valve seatings
for fixing on any of my traps, and especially suited for figure and figure 14. A is
the main core, B the core for forming the bottom part of the cone and seating, C the
outside, and which I always make in two or more parts, S the ring, bead, or
astragal, X the seating. The thickness of metal is shown between the cores and
the casing of the mould.
Fig. 38 illustrates the mould and core for making my sink cones especially for
fixing to my traps when valves are not required. A is the core, S the ring or bead,
R the grating, recess, or groove. Of course a plug might be used with this cone, but
I prefer the seating to be formed as at X figure 37, as this part is not so liable
to damage.
Figure 39 illustrates my mould and core for making my sink cone with long tail
part as shown at B, F, K fig. 12, and as at CT figure 7. It can also be used with my
single diaphragm traps. B fig. 39 is the bead or ring, H. H. the lugs. The
thickness of metal is illustrated between the core and the outer casing of the
moulds.
Figure 40 is the mould and core for casting my cones with two beads, rings, or
astragals shown at B, T, figure 6, and FD, figure 11; of course this mould and core
may
be continued to any length. B are the astragals, T the ears, A is the core, B the
outside half of the mould. This mould is made to be filled from the back, and the
mould parts or opens at the dotted lines C. D. X is a ring which slips over the end
of the core for forming the set off or seating Y Y when required.
Figure 1 illustrates the socket in elevation showing astragals and lugs at K, K,
and T, this also answers for the runner. The pipe L may be cast on as is shown
in figure 13, and at M N, figure 42; and the top may be made to any suitable
dimensions.
Figure 42 illustrates my cone waste pipe junction as shown in the dotted lines
figure 14, with improved cast lead branch joint P Q, which is also applicable for
fixing to water closet traps.
Figure 44 is a junction with mitre shaped branch joint and is not so good a joint as
figure 42, the latter being the same shape externally as an ordinary plumbers wiped
branch joint, and owing to its shape is of great strength at the point where required,
whilst the mitred joint figure 44 is weak at the joint, and of a shape not acknowledged
as a plumbers joint.

page_text: Figure 43 illustrates my improvements in moulding the cone or socket with junction
or branch, or waste pipe, and which chiefly consists in running the metal as shown
when the junction is in a horizontal position, or nearly so; or by running the junction
within chilled moulds having runners substantially as shown at K, J, F, L, or I,
which renders the pouring simple, and produces a far better casting than one produced
when the metal is poured from either end, because in that case the metal having to
fall a distance parts itself, and the casting instead of being smooth is icicled and shot
like, besides this if a junction is poured from either end of the pipe or socket part, by
the fact of pouring it must be of a very limited length, whereas in my improved
mould I can produce junctions long enough to go through 18" or 21" brickwork and
still have sufficient length for connecting the stink trap to inside the wall without the
plumber having to lengthen the branch pipe L N, figures 42, 44, or otherwise; thus
saving a matter, if for a 4" pipe, of 8/- or 10/- each, and which amounts to the value
of the junction itself.
It will be readily seen that the top part of my junction mould LJ, H, is preferably
rade in two, three, or more parts. This enables me to easily remove the casting from
moulds, and to make the runner trough shaped similar to that shown at 5 in the
ss section WX, for the more easy pouring, and which also gives a thinner edge or
per on the pipe part of the casting, it also enables me to the better cast the astragal
of the runners of which I prefer to form circular, as at F and E, but out of a
h as shown this reduces the labour in cutting the runner off the casting.
will readily be seen that such a junction can be run with circular, elliptical, or
shaped tapered runners made in the top part of the mould as at K, J, L, &c.
t the top part being in pieces, and then the whole of the outside of the mould
ly be in two parts, and in such a manner the same desideratum in running
would be partially attained.
oti
wi'
net
For further elucidation of this mould I will more minutely describe the parts.
W X is a cross section at Y Z, or at C D showing the outside bottom part of the
mould with flanges to receive the top part h; the core is marked CORE the ring
between the core and the outside represents the thickness of lead 5 is the runner,
BM, is the cone or socket core, A the core for the branch. Of course the branch
pipe of this junction mould can be made to any angle.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
First The various constructions of sink cones and traps, sockets, and the moulds
especially with external chills in parts, with rings for facilitating the lifting off the
castings from their cores, as shown and illustrated in the various drawings, and
substantially as described.
:
Second Making sink traps with one or two diaphragms cast in a pipe, tube, or
casing which is not a cone substantially as described and illustrated in figure 2 &c. of
the accompanying drawings.
Thirdly Making traps with recesses or ring at top or bottom of the body for
receiving a cone or cones, or their equivalents and facilitating the burning of the
edges together substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
Fourthly The construction and arrangement of the lugs for securing the gratings
substantially as illustrated at figures 1, 5, 9 &c. of the accompanying sheets of
drawings.
Fifthly The application and adaptation of the valve W figure 9 to work in a Cone
or Bell Trap body below a grating, substantially as shown at figure 9 &c. in the
drawings, and the ring, with or without nob end on spindle, and general arrangement
as illustrated in figure 10 of the drawings.
Sixthly: The application of a diaphragm or partition trap formed on the back part
of a valve closet box with an overflow pipe substantially as described and illustrated
in the accompanying drawings.

page_text: Seventhly: The general construction and arrangements of chilled moulds for
casting lead traps, cones, or junctions, substantially as described; and illustrated in
the accompanying drawings.
Eighthly: The construction and arrangements of traps, junctions, cones, or Cone
Bell Traps as illustrated from sheet 1 to 16 of the accompanying drawings, (excepting
figure 44) and the method of casting them.
Ninthly: The construction of closet traps as described and illustrated at
figures 27 and 28.