Im- PROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF FUSEL OIL, AND FOR VARIOUS APPLICATIONS OF THE SAME TO USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Joseph Martin, of High Street, Bow, in the
County of Middlesex, Chemist and Druggist, for the Invention of "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF FUSEL OIL, AND FOR VARIOUS APPLICATIONS
OF THE SAME TO USEFUL PURPOSES."
Sealed the 18th July 1862, and dated the 21st January 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Joseph Martin at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st January 1862.
I, ALFRED JOSEPH MARTIN, of High Street, Bow, in the County of Middle-
sex, Chemist and Druggist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF FUSEL OIL, AND FOR VARIOUS APPLICA-
TIONS OF THE SAME TO USEFUL PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
Generally, the object which I seek is by an admixture of the coarser smoking
and stinking hydrocarbons with fusel oil to produce oils and alcohols which will
burn in a lamp without smoking, or to be used as solvents for gums, guin
resins and caoutchouc or gutta percha, or as detergents.
My processes consist, firstly, in mixing fusel oil with any hydrocarbou,
such as rock oil, kerosene oil, paraffine oil, turpentole, naptha, or the heavy
oils remaining from the distillation of naptha or of benzole, from coal tar,
turpentine, or other similar substances. The proportions vary according to
the oils used, from ten per cent. to four hundred per cent. of the oils to the
fusel oil used. This mixture I submit to distillation, and draw off as much as
will come over under a heat of 500° Fahrenheit.

page_text: Secondly, I dissolve or mix rosin, bitumen, coal, paraffine, or napthaline, or
fat, tallow, or oil, with fusel oil; and in the same way submit the mixture
to distillation, drawing off as much of the oil as will come.
Lastly, I pass fusel oil, by itself, or any of the aforesaid mixtures, through a
red-hot tube, which splits the oil into propylic and other alcohols with
certain oils; all or any of these oils so produced I burn in a paraffine oil or
other appropriate lamp; or I use them as solvents for gums, gum resins,
caoutchouc and gutta percha, or such as are without unpleasant odour I
employ as detergents.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, fileil
by the said Alfred Joseph Martin in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 21st July 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALFRED
JOSEPH MARTIN, of High Street, Bow, in the County of Middlesex, Chemist
and Druggist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Alfred Joseph Martin, Her special licence that I, the said Alfred Joseph
Martin, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Alfred Joseph Martin, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF FUSEL OIL, AND FOR VARIOUS APPLICATIONS OF THE
SAME TO USEFUL PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Alfred Joseph Martin, executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Joseph Martin, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be

page_text: performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):―
Generally, the object which I desire to attain is by an admixture of coarse
hydrocarbons with fusel oil to produce oils and alcohols, which will burn in a
lamp without smoking, or which may be used as solvents for shellac, resins,
and other hard gums, or as detergents.
My processes consist, first, in mixing fusel oil with any hydrocarbon, such
as rock oil, kerosene oil, paraffine oil, turpentole, naptha, or the heavy oils
remaining from the distillation of naptha or of benzole, from coal tar,
turpentine, or other similar substances. The proportions may vary according
'to the oils used, say, from ten per cent. of these oils to the fusel oil used; this
mixture I submit to distillation, and draw off as much as will come over under
a heat of 500 degrees Fahrenheit.
Secondly, I dissolve or mix resin, bitumen, coal paraffine or napthaline, or
fat, tallow, or oil with fusel oil, and in the same way submit the mixture to
distillation, drawing off as much of the oil as will come over.
Thirdly, I pass fusel oil, by itself, or any of the aforesaid mixtures, through
a red-hot tube, which separates the oil into propylic and other alcohols with
certain oils; all or any of these oils so treated, I burn in a paraffine oil or
other appropriate lamp, or I use them as detergents or solvents for shellac,
resin, and other hard gums. The fusel oil being, when so heated, without
unpleasant odour.
My Invention may be divided into three heads or processes; the 1st consists
in mixing fluid hydrocarbons of any kind with fusel oil for the purpose of
producing an illuminating oil; 2ndly, in mixing said hydrocarbons of any kind
with fusel oil, for the purpose of producing an illuminating oil; 3rdly, to make
such an alteration of or in the properties of fusel oil as shall convert it into
propylic alcohol, and make convenient to be used for the purposes of a solvent
in the manufacture of varnishes or other purposes, and as an illuminating oil,
when treated according to the other part of this Invention.
·
1st, as an example of the first process, I mix together the oil distilled from
Trinidad or any other pitch or asphaltum, or others of the matters herein-before
mentioned with fusel oil, in such proportions as shall produce a mixture to
mark by the bydrometer 960°. I then distil it in any ordinary distilling
apparatus, drawing over about three parts of the whole quantity, or as much
as is found upon trial to yield a good illuminating oil.
2ndly, as an example of the second process, I mix and dissolve with every
gallon of fusel oil from 1 to 2 lbs. of resin; I then distil the same in any

page_text: ordinary apparatus to dryness; the result obtained by distillation is oil adapted
for illuminating purposes.
The last part of my Invention relates to the treatment of fusel oil for the
purpose of purifying and depriving it of the objectionable smell which it
possesses, which I effect as follows:-I place an iron pipe. of about 4 inches in
diameter across a furnace (see annexed Drawing), which pipe I. partly fill
with rough pieces of iron; this pipe is bifurcated at one end, while the other
end is connected with a worm immersed in cold water.
I connect the branch A with a steam boiler, and the branch B with a boiler
in which fusel.oil is evaporated by a suitable fire, as soon as the tube C is
heated to a heat approaching redness; I then cause a jet of steam from the
steam boiler to pass through the pipe A, and a jet of fusel oil vapour to pass
through the corresponding pipe B; the mingled vapours of steam and fusel oil
pass through and over the heated iron, and being condensed in the worm
produce that modification of fusel oil commonly called and understood as
propylic alcohol.
The fusel oil or propylic alcohol so treated I then use as a detergent or as a
solvent for shellac, rosins, and other hard gums; or I combine and treat it
with hydrocarbons, as herein-before described, to render it suitable as an
illuminating oil.
In the foregoing description of processes, it is but correct to state that the
quantities of each article used must, it has been found (from their variable
nature), depend greatly on the original quality of each of the component parts.
Having described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I declare that what I claim as my Invention to be protected
by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,―
1st, the combination and treatment or preparation of fusel oil with pitch or
other hydrocarbons, as herein-before described, for the manufacture of an oil or
fluid to be used for illuminating purposes.
2ndly, I claim treating fusel oil by subjecting it to the action of heated iron
and steam, as and for the purposes herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Joseph Martin, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of. July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
ATED
JOSEDIT MARTIN
(0·7)
ATT TATT
ATEDED JOSEDI MADTINT