IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSHES
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki, of the Firm of
J. Brandt and G. W. von Nawrocki, Patent Agents, of No. 124, Leipziger
Strasse, Berlin, in the German Empire for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN BRUSHES." A communication by Carl Eduard Flemming, senior (of the
Firm Ed. Flemming & Co.), of Schönheide, in the Kingdom of Saxony.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION filed by the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von
Nawrocki at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th January
1881.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W.
von Nawrocki, Patent Agents, of No. 124, Leipziger Strasse, Berlin,.in the German
Empire. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSHES." [A communication by Carl Eduard
Flemming, senior (of the Firm Ed. Flemming & Co.), of Schönheide, in the
Kingdom of Saxony.]
This Invention has reference to that description of brushes wherein wires or pins
serving in lieu of bristles are secured separately in a caoutchouc foundation which
is fixed to the back of the brush. Heretofore such fixing of the elastic foundation
has been effected either by pegging, nailing, cementing, or sewing the edge thereof
to the back of the brush, or by securing the edge in a groove formed round the
edge of the back.
According to the present Invention the fixing of the said elastic foundation is
effected by means of tufts of bristles or wires, or of bristles and wires combined,
which are passed through holes pierced in the edge of the foundation and into
holes formed in the back, where they are secured by wiring or cementing, or both, in
the usual manner for fixing the tufts of brushes.
By this means a more secure fixing to the elastic foundation is obtained in a
simpler and less expensive manner than by the means heretofore employed, and the
advantage is gained of having a row of tufts of bristles or wires closely surrounding
the outer pins or wires in the elastic foundation all round the edge of the brush,
I Price Bd1

page_text: thereby protecting such wires much more effectually from injury than in brushes
having a row of such tufts of bristles surrounding the wires secured in the edge
of the back of the brush beyond the edge of the elastic foundation, and conse-
quently at some distance from the outer wires or pins of the latter. If desired a
second row of tufts may be fixed in the edge of the back outside the row that
secures the foundation.
According to another improvement, in lieu of or in combination with the arrange-
ment above described, the whole or some of the wires or pins in the elastic foundation
are placed sufficiently far apart to allow of tufts of bristles or wires, or of bristles
and wires combined, being introduced between them, passing through the elastic
foundation and into the back of the brush, where they are secured by wiring or
cementing. By this means the elastic foundation is securely fixed to the back, and
at the same time the single wires or pins are effectually supported by the tufts.
The edge of the elastic foundation may either be fixed in any known manner, or by
means of a row of tufts as above described.
In securing the edge of the foundation in a groove in the edge of the back of the
brush, instead of cutting such groove in the solid wood forming the back, as has
been done heretofore, it is preferred to leave the surface of the back level, and to fix
upon the outer edge of the same a separate rim, the inner edge of which is recessed
BO as to form the groove, in which recess the edge of the foundation is secured
before fixing the rim on the back. This construction also enables a veneer of a
different coloured wood to be introduced between the said rim and the back so as to
improve the appearance of the brush.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by the
said Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
29th June 1881.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W.
von Nawrocki, Patent Agents, of No. 124, Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, in the German
Empire. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSHES." A communication by Carl Eduard
Flemming, senior (of the Firm Ed. Flemming & Co.), of Schönheide, in the
Kingdom of Saxony.
This Invention has reference to that description of brushes wherein wires or pins
serving in lieu of bristles are secured separately in a caoutchouc foundation which
is fixed to, the back of the brush. Heretofore such fixing of the elastic foundation
has been effected either by pegging, nailing, cementing, or sewing the edge thereof
to the back of the brush, or by securing the edge in a groove formed round the edge
of the back.
According to the present Invention the fixing of the said elastic foundation is
effected by means of tufts of bristles or wires, or of bristles and wires combined,
which are passed through holes pierced in the edge of the foundation and into holes
formed in the back, where they are secured by wiring or cementing, or both, in the
usual manner for fixing the tufts of brushes.
By this means a more secure fixing of the elastic foundation is obtained in a
simpler and less expensive manner than by the means heretofore employed, and the
advantage is gained of having a row of tufts of bristles or wires closely surrounding
the outer pins or wires in the elastic foundation all round the edge of the brush,
thereby protecting such wires much more effectually from injury than in brushes
having a row of such tufts of bristles surrounding the wires secured in the edge of the
back of the brush beyond the edge of the elastic foundation, and consequently at
some distance from the outer wires or pins of the latter. If desired a second row
of tufts may be fixed in the edge of the back outside the row that secures the
foundation.
According to another improvement, in lieu of or in combination with the arrange-
ment above described, the whole or some of the wires or pins in the elastic
foundation are placed sufficiently far apart to allow of tufts of bristles or wires, or of
bristles and wires combined, being introduced between them, passing through the
elastic foundation and into the back of the brush, where they are secured by wiring
or cementing. By this means the elastic foundation is securely fixed to the back, and
at the same time the single wires or pins are effectually supported by the tufts.
The edge of the elastic foundation may either be fixed in any known manner, or by
means of a row of tufts as above described.
The accompanying Drawing shews the method of manufacturing brushes according
to the above described Invention. The brush back A, Fig. 1, first has holes a
pierced in it by means of a template for an outer rim of bristle tufts, and it also has
a groove b, Fig. 2, cut corresponding to the configuration of the elastic foundation
for the wires, the part of the back within this groove being then sunk to receive
such foundation, as at Fig. 3. The elastic foundation B, Figs. 4 and 5, with its
wires is then temporarily fixed in its place on the back by its edge by means of
cement or otherwise, as at Fig. 6, and the holes e having been first marked by a
template, are drilled through it into the wood for receiving a second inner row of
tufts, as at Fig. 7. After this the tufts ƒ are inserted through the elastic foundation
into the back, as at Figs. 8 and 9, and are fixed either by wiring or other known
means. The elastic foundation is thus securely fixed round its edge to the back by
means of the tufts, quite independently of the before mentioned cementing.

page_text: Lastly, the covering plate F is fixed over the outer face of the back, as shewn. The
tufts may either be of bristles, fine wire, or any other desired material. The
wires of the elastic foundation may be of any known kind, secured either with heads
or as card wires. If desired the foundation B may be secured by two or more rows
of tufts round its edge.
Figs. 10 and 11 shew to an enlarged scale the before described arrangement,
whereby the wires of the elastic foundation B are placed sufficiently far apart to
allow of tufts of bristles or wires, or of both bristles and wires combined, as indicated
at Fig. 10, being inserted into holes pierced through the foundation B and back A,
where they are secured by wiring a, so that they serve also to securely hold the
elastic foundation.
Having thus described the nature of this Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, as communicated to me by my correspondent, I
claim,―
First. Securing the elastic foundation of wire brushes to the back by means of
tufts passed through the foundation into the back, substantially as herein
described.
Second. The construction of brushes herein described with reference to Figs. 1
to 9 of the Drawings, wherein the elastic foundation is secured by a row of tufts
passed through its edge into the back of the brush.
Third. The construction of brushes herein described with reference to Figs. 10
and 11, wherein tufts of bristles or wires, or of bristles and wires combined, are
inserted through the elastic foundation into the back between the separate -wires.
In witness whereof, I, the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty sixth day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI. (L.S.)