IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY CUTTING OF SHIVES, BUNGS, CORKS, SPILES, AND VENT OR OTHER PEGS; AND ALSO IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING THE KNIVES OR CUTTERS EMPLOYED THEREIN, SUCH MACHINERY BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF TRENAILS AND OTHER CYLINDRICAL AND CONICAL ARTICLES
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT
to George Redrup, of Loughborough, in the County
of Leicester, Brewer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
CUTTING OF SHIVES, BUNGS, CORKS, SPILES, AND VENT OR
OTHER PEGS; AND ALSO IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING THE KNIVES
OR CUTTERS EMPLOYED THEREIN, SUCH MACHINERY BEING ALSO APPLICABLE
TO THE MANUFACTURE OF TRENAILS AND OTHER CYLINDRICAL AND CONICAL
ARTICLES."
Sealed the 4th August 1863, and dated the 7th February 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
left by the said George Redrup at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
February 1863.
I, GEORGE REDRUP, of Loughborough, in the County of Leicester, Brewer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR THE CUTTING OF SHIVES, BUNGS, CORKS, SPILES, AND VENT OR
OTHER PEGS; AND ALSO IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING THE KNIVES OR
CUTTERS EMPLOYED THEREIN, SUCH MACHINERY BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE
MANUFACTURE OF TRENAILS AND OTHER CYLINDRICAL AND CONICAL ARTIOLES," to
be as follows:-
I obtained a Patent dated the Twenty-fourth June, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-nine, and numbered 1520, for the manufacture of certain of
the above-named articles, and my present Invention relates to improvements
upon my said former Patent, and, first, consists in the arrangement of a cutter
or cutters with a presser plate attached to two spindles, one working within
the other, the inner spindle carrying the presser plate, and the outer spindle
ונם.מ

page_text: Carrying the cutter or cutters. These spindles are moved to and fro hori-
zontally, and up and down vertically; by levers; the outer spindle is provided
with a drum or pulley, round which a belt is passed to communicate motion to
the spindle; this spindle is also furnished with a worm wheel, which gears into
another wheel working on an axle pin secured in the bed plate of the machine.
One side of the last wheel is provided with a cam groove formed in or upon the
body of the wheel, and on the same side of this wheel there is a boss or collar
which stands somewhat higher than the top of the groove. The end of the
axle pin which projects above the said boss or collar is turned down and takes
into a slot in one end of a sliding bar, which is prevented from rising off the
pin by a nut and washer or other equivalent means. Instead of the worm
wheel gearing direct into the last-named wheel I sometimes use one or more
intermediate wheels. The other end of the bar slides in a slot in a bracket or
projection from the bed plate or other part of the machine. This bar has a
pin secured in it, which forms an axle for a truck which takes into the aforesaid
cam groove this bar is also attached to a lever which takes into a grooved
collar upon the outer spindle, so that as the cam wheel revolves, the sliding bar
and lever during a portion of such revolution will move the outer spindle and
cutter or cutters, and cut the shives, bungs, corks, spiles, or vent or other pegs;
the inner spindle is slotted at the outer end, and is forced up to the shive or
other article to be cut by means of a weighted lever having one end inserted
into the slot of the inner. spindle. Near the slotted end of the spindle is a
collar, against which the grooved collar of the outer spindle presses as it and
the cutters are withdrawn, by which means the pressure of the inner spindle
is taken off the shive, bung, or other article, which is forced off the face of
the cutter bed by a pin passing through the said bed, which is pressed by a
spring. The wood or other material rests on a ledge in front of the cutter bed;
the centre portion of the ledge is depressed or recessed to allow the chips or
shavings the more readily to fall out of the way. The cutter or cutters are held
on the end of the outer spindle by a collar and screws. The varying thickness
of the wood or other material from which the shives, bungs, or other articles
are cut requires the end of the inner spindle to be pressed upon it at varying dis-
tances from the face of the cutting bed; for this purpose the end of the lever
which takes into the slotted end of the inner spindle is provided with a short
arm furnished with a truck, which bears upon the lever embracing the grooved
collar of the outer spindle. The pin carrying the truck is made in such manner
that it can be adjusted by means of a screw or screws and a nut or nuts.
For cutting spiles and pegs 1 employ a similar machine to that above described,
but having in addition a table placed at the back of the cutting bed, and fur-

page_text: nished with one or more pulleys, and with a belt, band, or chain which 'carries.
the wood to be cut into spiles or pegs through the cutter bed and towards the
cutter or cutters as they advance to cut the spile or peg. The belt, band, or
chain upon which the wood or other material to be cut is laid is driven by
one or more of the pulleys, the wood or other material passing under a pulley
near to the cutter plate and over a piece of metal, upon which the wood or
material rests while the cutter or cutters act; the piece of metal and the pulley
above it clamp and hold the wood or material while being cut. As soon as a
spile or peg is cut the pulley and piece of metal rise up and force the wood or
material against the edge of a revolving saw, so that a peg is cut off, when the
pulley and piece of metal again fall, such movements being effected by a lever
worked by a projection on the grooved cam wheel or on other wheel or wheels
before mentioned; the wood or other material is then again carried forward
for another peg to be cut. Sometimes instead of employing pulleys to force
the wood or other material forward I use a cord and weight, the cord passing
over a pulley, one end being secured to the end of the wood or other material,
or to. a piece of metal on which the end of the wood or material rests; a slit
is made in the table for the proper passage of the cord. I sometimes use a
frame to carry the saw, such frame being provided with a spring, so that as
the saw and frame advance to cut off the peg the spring will first press upon
the wood or other material, and prevent it advancing until the saw has cut off
the peg; when the frame and spring are withdrawn, the wood or other material
will again advance for another peg to be cut; or instead of a spring I some-
times use a weighted lever to hold the wood or other material while the peg is
being cut off. The knife or knives or cutter or cutters I employ are somewhat
of a tubular shape; a portion of one end of such tube is continued parallel with
the opposite end of the tube, such portion is formed into a number of teeth;
the remainer of the circumference is bent inwards towards the centre, and
is also cut inclined towards the opposite end, so that it forms a tubular cutter
I
having the inclined part undercut or hanging over towards the centre.
sometimes use a similar cutter to that above mentioned, but of a conical form
instead of tubular.
The machinery I employ to make the knives or cutters consists of a pair of
rolls supported in bearings, so that access may be had to one end of the rolls;
the other end is turned down and fitted with wheels gearing into each other;
by these means the rolls can be moved simultaneously. One of these rolls
is formed of a tubular or conical form, according to the shape of the cutter or
knife to be made, such form corresponding to the inner space of such cutter or
knife, and acting as a mandrel, upon which one end of a suitably shaped piece

page_text: of steel is placed after the steel has been heated. The other roll is made of
a suitable form for pressing the heated steel round the mandrel, by which
means one revolution of the rolls will form a cutter or knife.
OF MULTICATION
In pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Redrup in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
7th August 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
REDRUP, of Loughborough, in the County of Leicester, Brewer, send greeting.
IN
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said George Redrup, Her special licence that I, the said George
Redrup, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said George Redrup, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
MACHINERY FOR THE CUTTING OF SHIVES, BUNGS, CORKS, SPILES, AND VENT OR
OTHER PEGS AND ALSO IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING THE KNIVES OR
CUTTERS EMPLOYED THEREIN, SUCH MACHINERY BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE
MANUFACTURE OF TRENAILS AND OTHER CYLINDRICAL AND CONICAL ARTICLES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said George Redrup, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Redrup, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to
the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
Whereas, I obtained Her Majesty's Royal Letters Patent, bearing date the

page_text: 24th day of June 1859, and numbered 1520, for the manufacture of certain of
the above-named articles. Now my present Invention chiefly relates to
improvements on the Invention secured to me under my former aforesaid
Patent. No. 1520, and, first, consists in the arrangement of a cutter or cutters
with a presser plate attached to two spindles, one working within the other.
the inner spindle carrying the presser plate, and the outer spindle carrying the
cutter or cutters. These spindles are moved to and fro horizontally, and up
and down vertically, by levers: the outer spindle is provided with a drum or
pulley, round which a belt is passed to communicate motion to the said spindle,
which spindle is also furnished with a worm wheel, which gears into another
wheel working on an axle pin secured to the bed plate of the machine. One
side of the last-mentioned wheel is provided with a cam groove formed in or
upon the body of the wheel, and on the same side of this wheel there is a boss
or collar which stands somewhat higher than the top of the groove. The end
of the axle pin which projects above the said boss or collar is turned down and
takes-into a slot in one end of a sliding bar, which bar is prevented from rising
off the pin by a nut and washer or other equivalent means; or instead of the
worm wheel gearing direct into the last-named wheel I sometimes use one or
more intermediate wheels. The other end of the bar slides in a slot in a
bracket or projection projecting from the bed plate or other part of the
machine. This bar has a pin secured to it, which forms an axle for a truck
which takes into the aforesaid cam groove; the bar is also attached to a lever
which takes into a grooved collar upon the outer spindle, so that as the cam
wheel revolves the sliding bar and lever during a portion of such revolution
will move the outer spindle and cutter or cutters, and cut the shives, bungs,
corks, spiles, or vent or other pegs; the inner spindle is slotted at the outer
end, and is forced up to the shive, bung, or other article to be cut by means
of a weighted lever or spring having one end inserted into the slot of the inner
spindle. Near the slotted end of the spindle is a collar, against which the
grooved collar of the outer spindle presses as it and the cutters are withdrawn,
by which means the pressure of the inner spindle is taken off the shive, bung,
or other article, the said shive, bung, or other article when cut being forced
off the face of the cutter bed by a pin passing through the said bed, and which
pin is pressed by a spring. The wood or other material from which the shives,
bungs, corks, pegs, or other articles are to be cut rests on a ledge in front of
the cutter bed; the centre portion of the ledge is depressed or recessed to
allow the chips or shavings to fall out of the way more readily. The cutter or
cutters are held on the end of the outer spindle by a collar and screws. The
varying thickness of the wood or other material from which the shives, bungs,

page_text: or other articles are cut requires the end of the inner spindle. to be., pressed
upon it at: varying distances from the face of the cutter bed; for this purpose
the end of the lever which takes into the slotted end of the inner spindle is
provided with a short arm furnished with a truck, which bears upon the lever
embracing the grooved collar of the outer spindle. The pin carrying the truck
js made in such manner that it can be adjusted by means of a screw or screws
and a nut or nuts.
For cutting spiles and vent or other pegs I employ a similar machine to
that above described, but having in addition to the above arrangement a table
placed at the back of the cutter bed, and furnished with one or more pulleys,
and also with a belt, band, or chain, which carries the wood or other material
to be cut into 'spiles or vent or other pegs through the cutter bed and towards
the cutter or cutters as they advance to cut the spile or vent or other peg.
The said belt, band, or chain upon which the wood or other material to be cut
is laid is driven by one or more of the pulleys, the wood or other material
passing under a pulley near to the cutter plate and over a piece of metal, upon
which the said wood or material rests while the cutter or cutters act; the piece
of metal and the pulley above it clamp and hold the said wood or material
while being cut. As soon as a spile or peg is cut off, the pulley and piece of
metal rise up and force the wood or other material used against the edge of a
revolving saw, so that a spile or peg is cut off, when the pulley and piece of
metal again fall; such movements are effected by a lever worked by a projection
on the grooved cam wheel or on other wheel or wheels before mentioned; the
wood or other material is then again carried forward for another spile or peg
to be cut. Sometimes instead of employing pulleys to force the wood or other
material forward I use a cord and weight, the cord passing over a pulley, one
end of the cord being secured to the end of the wood or other material used, or
to a piece of metal on which the end of the said wood or material rests; a. slit
is made in the table for the proper passage of the cord: sometimes use a
frame to carry the saw, such frame being provided with a spring, so that as
the saw and frame advance to cut off the peg the spring will first press upon
the wood or other material, and prevent it from advancing until the saw has
cut off the peg; when the frame and spring are withdrawn the wood or other
material will again advance for another peg to be cut. Instead of a spring I
sometimes use a weighted lever to hold the wood or other material while the
peg is being cut off. The knife or knives or cutter or cutters I employ are
somewhat of a tubular shape; a portion of one end of such tube is. continued
parallel with the opposite end of the tube, such portion is formed into a number
of teeth; the remainder of the circumference is bent inward towards the centre,

page_text: and is also cut inclined towards the opposite end, so that it forms a tubular
cutter, sometimes having the inclined part undercut or hanging over towards the
centre. I sometimes use a cutter similar to that above mentioned, but of a
conical form instead of tubular.
The machinery I employ to make the knives or cutters consists of a pair of
rolls, so supported in bearings that access may be had to one end of the rolls;
the other end is turned down and fitted with wheels gearing into each other;
by these means the rolls can be moved simultaneously. One of these rolls is
formed of a tubular or conical form, according to the shape of the cutter or
knife to be made, such form corresponding to the inner space of such cutter
or knife, and acting as a mandril, upon which mandril one end of a suitably
shaped piece of steel is placed after such steel has been heated. The other
roll is made of a suitable form for pressing the heated steel round the
mandril, by which means one revolution of the rolls will form a cutter or
knife.
Having thus set forth the nature of the said Invention, I now proceed more
particularly to describe the manner of performing the same with reference to
the Drawings.
i
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1, Sheet 1, represents in plan a machine for cutting shives, bung's,
or corks. This machine, though somewhat similar in principle to that shewn
in Sheet 3 of the Drawings accompanying the Specification of my Patent of
24th June 1859, numbered 1520, and described in such Specification, is modified
according to my present improvements, that is, according to the improvements
secured under my present Patent of Seventh February 1863.
Figure 2, Sheet 1, is a plan. and Figure 3, Sheet 1, an end view, of an
improved machine for cutting spiles and vent and other pegs constructed accord-
ing to my present improvements.
Figure 4 is a side view of a knife or cutter which I use in my improved
machines for cutting shives, bungs, or corks; Figure 5 is a plan of the boss of
the knife or cutter, with the knife or cutter removed; Figure 6 represents that
portion of the knife or cutter which stands out of the boss as it would appear
if it were flattened out.
Figures 7, 8, 9, Sheet 2, and Figures 10, 11, and 12, Sheet 3. represent a
second arrangement or modification of machine for cutting spiles and vent or
other pegs according to my present improvements, such machine being adapted
to cut several spiles or pegs at one operation. Figure 7 is a plan of this
machine shewn as in the act of cutting a number of pegs; Figure 8 is a side

page_text: view, and Figure 9 a plan, of the carrier and carriage, and the tram or rail
way L on which the carriage runs for feeding-in the wood or other material
intended to be cut; Figure 10 is a side view of the machine shewn in plan,
Figure 7; Figure 11 is an end view thereof looking on the left-hand end;
Figure 12 is an end view of the same, with the plug C and its bearing removed,
and looking at the right-hand end.
I first proceed to describe Figure 1, Sheet 1, wherein one of my improve-
ments, which consists in the arrangement of a cutter or cutters A, Figure 1;
A¹, Figures 4 and 6, are knives or cutters. The knife or cutter is secured in
a boss B. I sometimes use the form of cutter shewn in my former Patent,
numbered 1520, but I prefer to use the improved form of cutter or series of
cutters shewn at A', Figures 4 and 6, with a presser plate attached to one of
two spindles, one working within the other, the inner spindle I carrying the
presser plate D, and the outer spindle H carrying the cutter or cutters.
•
I wish it to be understood that I do not confine myself to the particular form
of cutters here shewn, as I sometimes use a cutter with only a knife edge C,
Figure 4, and sometimes a cutter having one or both of the teeth marked 1
and 2, with a tooth marked 3, and either with or without the knife edge C.
When the teeth 1, 2, and 3 are used, the two first will make incisions in the
wood or other material used, and the chisel-shaped tooth 3 will clear out the
refuse wood or other material between such incisions.
The spindles above mentioned are moved to and fro horizontally, and up and
down vertically, according to the position of the machine, by means of levers.
The outer spindle is provided with a drum or pulley E, round which a belt is
passed to communicate motion to the spindle. This same spindle is also fur-
nished with a worm wheel E', which gears into another wheel F, working on
an axle pin secured to the bed plate of the machine; one side of the last-men-
tioned wheel is provided with a cam groove, such groove, which is represented
in Figure 1 by dotted lines, is formed in or upon the body of the wheel; on
the same side of this wheel as that on which is this cam groove is a boss or
collar on one end of a lever G, in the boss is an axle pin, which takes into
the groove of the wheel F; the longer end of the lever G is provided with a
pin, which takes into the groove of a collar G¹ on the cutter spindle H; the
opposite end of this lever G works on an axle pin in a bracket G attached to
the bed plate of the machine, but instead of allowing the worm wheel to gear
direct into the wheel F, I sometimes use one or more intermediate wheels.
It will be evident that during a portion of the revolution of the cam wheel F,
the outer spindle H and the cutter or cutters will cut the shives, bungs, corks,
or other articles by the cutter or cutters being gradually pressed into the sub-

page_text: stance intended to be cut by the traverse of the cutter spindle.
The inner
spindle I is slotted on the outer end, and is forced up to the shive, bung, cork,
or other article by means of a weighted lever or spring, having one end
thereof inserted in the slot of the inner spindle. Near the slotted end of the
spindle is a collar K, against which the grooved collar G of the outer spindle
presses as it and the cutters are withdrawn, by which means the pressure of
the inner spindle is taken off the shive, bung, or other article, which said
article is forced off the face of the cutter bed by a pin passing through the
cutter bed, which said pin is pressed by a spring L. The wood or other
material rests on a ledge M in front of the cutter bed; the centre portion of
this ledge is depressed or recessed to allow the chips, shavings, or refuse to
fall out of the way more readily. The cutter or cutters are held on the end of
the outer spindle by a collar and screws. The varying thickness of the wood
or other material from which the shives, bungs, corks, or other articles are cut
requires the end of the inner spindle to be pressed upon it at varying distances
from the face of the cutter bed; for this purpose the collar K is set on the
inner spindle at the place or position required, or the end of the lever which
takes into the slotted end of the inner spindle may be provided with a short
arm furnished with a truck to bear upon the lever G. The pin carrying the
truck may be made in such manner that it may be adjusted by means of a
screw or screws and nut or nuts.
I now proceed to describe Figures 2 and 3, which relate to a machine for
cutting spiles and vent or other pegs. This machine is similar to that
described in Figure 1, except that it has, in addition to the arrangement above
described, a table placed at the back of the cutter bed, and furnished with one
or more pulleys, and also with a belt, band, or chain, which belt, band, or
chain carries the wood or other material intended to be cut into spiles, vent
or other pegs, towards the cutter or cutters as they advance to their work.
This band, belt, or chain is driven by one or more of the aforesaid pulleys, the
wood or other material passing under a pulley near the cutter plate, or over a
rest or piece of metal N, from which it is prevented from rising by a thin
piece of metal secured to the top side of a sliding piece N¹, held up to one
side of the wood or other material to be cut by the pressure of a lever N³
held by an india-rubber or other spring. On the opposite side of the wood to
the sliding piece is a ratchet wheel O, against which the wood or other
material rests; the teeth of the wheel propel the wood or other material
towards the cutter or cutters during a portion of the revolution of the cam
wheel F. (The parts marked E, F, G, in Figures 2 and 3, are similar to
those marked with same letters respectively in Figure 1, except as herein-

page_text: after described.) In the cam wheel F is a pin O', which as it passes by slides
upon a lever 0%, which communicates motion to a lever O; this lever 03 is
provided with a screw and nut, by which the throw of the lever may be regu-
lated, and to which the driver is attached. This driver forces the ratchet wheel
O partially round; the wood or other material is firmly held by the wheel and
the sliding piece N1, while the spindle and cutter or cutters are advanced by
the partial revolution of the cam wheel F through the lever G; F¹ is a pro-
jecting piece formed on a portion of the wheel F. This projection F¹ during
a part of the revolution of the wheel F slides upon and forces down the outer
end of a lever P, thereby elevating the opposite end, which forms a bearing
for a spindle carrying a circular saw P¹ and a pulley, a spile or vent or other
peg being cut off at each revolution of the cam wheel F. The
saw is driven by an endless band passed round two pulleys P³,
and over the pulley on the saw spindle, and over the pulley P next the worm
wheel on the driving pulley E. This band is kept duly tight by a weight P',
or by a spring. It is evident that the machine when motion is communicated
to it will continue to cut the wood or other material supplied to it into spiles
or vent or other pegs, such spiles or pegs being cut off as fast as they are
made, and so long as such wood or other material is furnished to the machine,
motion being communicated to it.
The other parts of the machinery, Figures 1, 2, 3, are similar to those
described in the Specification of my former Patent, No. 1520, herein-before
mentioned, and therefore need not be more particularly described.
I now proceed to describe the modification shewn on Sheets 2 and 3,
Figures 7 to 12, inclusively. This modification consists of an arrangement in
which is a bed plate, to which are secured bearings for a hollow spindle A, to
which motion is communicated by a belt passed round it, and driven by some
prime mover. On one end of the spindle is screwed a cap B formed with a
square orifice, through which a square rod of wood or other material is passed
up until it presses against a plug C, free to revolve in its bearing. Between
the cap B and plug C is placed a tool rest D, constructed so as to slide between
cheeks E. To the front of the bed of this rest is attached a tab, which is
provided with a set screw and nut, by which the throw of the rest is regulated,
and to the back of the tool rest is attached a lever F, which is also hinged to
a projection or projections on the front bearing of the spindle A; by means
of this lever the rest can be advanced to or drawn away from the wood cr
other material to be cut into spiles, pegs, or other articles. To one end of the
rest is attached a knife or cutting instrument G used for cutting off spile or
vent or other pegs after they have been shaped into the requisite form by the

page_text: cutting instruments H and H', a series of each of which are secured to the
top of the rest D by screws and washers.
In Figure 12 the machine is shewn without the plug C and its bearing, but
with the bed cut through to shew the hole through which the chips, shavings,
and refuse fall. Figure 11 shews an end view of the back bearing of the
spindle A. One end of the wood or other material is passed through the
spindle, and the other end is placed in a plug or cap I, which is free to
revolve in its bearing, such bearing being secured to a small carriage K fer-
nished with four flanged wheels running upon two metal guides or rails L;
the carriage, and consequently the cap, are forced or drawn up towards the
hollow spindle by means of a cord M, to which a weight is attached, the cord
passing over a pulley and through a slit in the table or bench upon which the
machine is secured. And for cutting trenails or other cylindrical and conica!
articles I employ a cutter or cutters the reverse of the shape of the article
intended to be made.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same may be performed, I declare that I claim,-
First, the improved cutter or cutters herein-before described.
Second, the general arrangement and combination of parts constituting the
machinery, herein-before described, for cutting shives, bungs, corks, spiles
and vent or other pegs, and trenails, or other cylindrical and conical articles.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Redrup, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Fifth day of August, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-three.
Witness,
GEO. JON. ROBINSON,
Patent Office, Nottingham.
GEORGE REDRUP. (L.S.)