matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DISTILLING SHALE OR OTHER BITUMINOUS MINERALS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Bell at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th September
1863.
I, THOMAS BELL, of Wishaw, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DISTILLING SHALE OR OTHER BITUMINOUS MINERALS," to
be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus designed more par-
ticularly for the primary distillation of shales and other bituminous minerals,.
and has principally for object to facilitate the treatment of large quantities of
mineral rapidly and economically.
In carrying out the Invention according to one modification a series of what
may be termed horizontal edge retorts are arranged side by side, but with
intermediate spaces in a building which is constructed with a series of furnaces"
disposed beneath the front ends of the retorts. The fire gases from each.
furnace pass up (by preference through a brickwork grating) into a space-
between two adjacent retorts, and along the bottom of that space beneath a.
horizontal partition towards the back end, whence they return above the
partition towards the front end, finally entering a horizontal flue which crosses-
the tops of the front ends of the retorts, and conveys the gases from between:
the several retorts to the chimney. Each retort is formed with a mouth and>
hopper in its top for feeding in fresh mineral, and with a door on its front end,.
whereby to remove the exhausted materials, whilst the products of distillation.

page_text: pass off by a pipe at the back end, this pipe communicating with a space
inside the retort separated by a perforated vertical partition through which the
products find their way. A retort twelve feet long horizontally, by three feet
deep, and nine inches broad internally, or of generally similar proportions, is
suitable for carrying out the Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF NAUTICAL AND SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS FOR MEASURING ANGLES AND ALTITUDES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Gowland at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th July
1863.
I, GEORGE GOWLAND, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Chronometer
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF NAUTICAL AND SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS
FOR MEASURING ANGLES AND ALTITUDES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the arrangement and
construction of object glasses and reflectors with quadrants, sextants, and other
similar surveying instruments, so that the reflections of the object shall be.
caused to meet and appear as one in the plane of the horizon. For this
purpose in carrying out my Invention I prefer to employ four or more glasses
(in place of two as heretofore) arranged in the following manner, although I
do not confine myself to this particular arrangement, as the same may be
greatly varied without departing from the nature or character of my Invention.
There are two horizon glasses, one of which is placed behind the ordinary
horizon glass, the whole of the surface of this additional glass being silvered
and placed at an angle of about fifteen degrees more or less. I also employ an
additional index glass placed below at the bottom of the "arc," and another
glass opposite to receive the direct image, and so placed that the object is
reflected into the new index glass, and thence into the additional horizon glass,
and so through the unsilvered half of the ordinary horizon glass, and when
adjusted on the horizon the two reflections of the object appear as one. The

page_text: index bars of both index glasses are united with a joint, or otherwise arranged
so as to move together, but the lower index glass is so arranged that the
image of the object shall appear just as much below the horizon as it is in
reality above. The levers or arms which carry the glasses are so arranged
that they can move together, and when the two reflections of the object-meet
and appear as one in the two horizon glasses, they indicate correctly the true
horizontal line, the altitude being then readily read off upon the index. I also
use two glasses one on either side of the ordinary index glasses both move
together, and the images reflected into the horizon glass, across which I have
two lines so that the instrument can be held upright, then by bringing the
object down to a line in the centre of the horizon glass, the correct altitude
will be given 'on the index.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF UNITING EARTHENWARE, METAL, AND OTHER PIPES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Wilson Gore at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
March 1863.
I, THOMAS WILSON GORE, of New Whittington, in the County of Derby,
Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF UNITING EARTHENWARE, METAL, AND OTHER PIPES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in uniting earthenware, metal, and other pipes
formed with flanges on the ends thereof by means of a grooved collar formed
in two or more parts.
The ends of two flanged pipes which are to be united are laid in the lower
half of a circular collar with a groove on the inner face thereof in which the
flanges fit, the joint being made further tight, if necessary, by washers, cement,
or packing. The other half of the circular collar is then passed over those
parts of the flanges not received within the lower half and is made to fit on
the edges of the said lower half. For further security, if desired, a clamp or
clamps may be fixed on the collar.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR OTHER METAL SHOES, AND IN THE METHOD OF SECURING THE SAME TO THE HOOFS OF HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS WITHOUT NAILS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Middleton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th June
1863.
I, SAMUEL MIDDLETON, of Newtown Cottage, Hants, near Newbury, Berks,
Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR OTHER METAL SHOES, AND IN THE METHOD
OF SECURING THE SAME TO THE HOOFS OF HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS WITHOUT
NAILS," to be as follows:-
The top part of the shoe is formed in two parts, or made in one, and curved
or bevelled over so as to grip or firmly hold on to the hoof, and may be
turned at the back part or not. I make a peak in the front, with two holes
in each side, and a hole in the centre is made and formed to receive a wedge,
wedges, or screw, as may be required. The bottom part is formed to cover
the bottom of the hoof, so as to protect the frog, if required, the tread being
the thickness of a common horse-shoe.
For securing the shoe on to the hoof I cut four notches in the horny part,
two on each side, opposite each other, about half an inch square, also a hole in
the centre of the hoof. I use four pins with a slot or long hole in the
centre of each pin about three-quarters of an inch long and two-eighths of an
inch deep, with the resemblance of a nail head at one end, a flat point at the
other end of each pin, about four or five inches long, according to the width of
the hoof. I pass the four pins through the square holes at the side of the
shoe. I pass a wedge, wedges, or screw through the centre of the hoof and
shoe if required, and thus fix it. I also form a narrow strap to lay in a groove
across the hoof, if required.

page_text: I also use another way. The top part of the shoe is open on each side,
with a hole at each edge, also in the centre behind. The bottom part is
formed rather wider than a common horse-shoe, with a raised curb at the inner
edge about half an inch wide, leaving a grove edge on which is placed the
top part of the shoe; round the grove are five holes, in the centre one, at
each side two. To secure the shoe I rivet the back part on to the grove shut
under the curl; I cut two notches in the horse's hoof, pass two pins trans-
versely through the holes at the side, a pin through the holes at the back of
the shoe resting in the centre of the front, fixed by means of an under screw
passing through the hoof with a nut; at the top I form a strap if necessary.
For roughing, I place five studs through the holes, by which the shoe is
rivetted and fixed, and wedge them in.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING AND DYEING WOOLLEN FABRICS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Wydler and Christopher
Thornton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 13th March 1863.
We, ALBERT WYDLER, of Belfield Print Works, near Rochdale, in the
County of Lancaster, Calico Printer, and CHRISTOPHER THORNTON, of the same
Place, Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING AND DYEING WOOLLEN FABRICS," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention consists, first, in the use of a new substance as applied
to the printing of woollen fabrics. For this purpose we use the substance
known as deoxidized indigo in combination with gum or other thickening
matter. Secondly, in producing colours upon woollen goods, we in the first
place print them with the said deoxidized indigo or other printing material,
and then dye them to any desired colour.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FABRICS FOR COVERING FLOORS AND OTHER SURFACES, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Walton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th April
1863.
I, FREDERICK WALTON, of the British Grove Works, Chiswick, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FABRICS FOR COVERING FLOORS AND
OTHER SURFACES, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
fabrics for covering floors and other surfaces, and in the apparatus employed
therein. For these purposes canvas or other suitable strong fabrics are coated
over on their upper surfaces with a composition consisting of oxidized oil,
(prepared by preference in the manner described in the Specification of a
Patent granted to me, dated the 27th day of January 1860, No. 209,) cork-
dust, and gum or resin, preferring gum kaurie or New Zealand gum, such
surfaces being afterwards printed, painted, embossed, or otherwise ornamented.
The back or under surfaces of such fabrics are coated with a coating of such
oxidized oils, or oxidized oils and gum or resin, and by preference without
any admixture of cork. In order to prepare the oxidized oil and the con-
pounds thereof so as to render the use of solvents unnecessary when using the
same for coating, the kneading or masticating of the oil, or of its compounds,
is performed in closed or covered vessels in order to prevent as much as
may be the action of the outer atmosphere on the oxidized oil, and such clused
or covered vessels are heated by steam or by other suitable means. In

page_text: spreading the composition of oxidized oils, cork, and gum or resin, pressing
rollers are used, and in coating the back or under surfaces of the fabrics
ordinary spreading machines are employed, but in order to ensure the coating
materials coming free from air blows and imperfections to the spreading rollers of
the ordinary spreading machines, sheets of the coating materials are produced
by means of expressing machines, and such sheets are supplied to the
spreading rollers of the spreading machines and to the fabrics as they come to
the nip of the spreading rollers, and to the straight-edges or blades of the
ordinary spreading machines, such sheets of the coating compounds being only
slightly in excess of the intended coatings.
Ax IMPROVED MODE OF EVAPORATING THROUGH THE COMBINED AGENCIES OF HEAT AND CENTRIFUGAL FORCE, AND THE MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN, MORE PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO SACCHARINE SOLUTIONS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Miller at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd July
1863.
I, WILLIAM MILLER, of No. 70, Upper Stamford St., Blackfriars, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Ax
IMPROVED MODE OF EVAPORATING THROUGH THE COMBINED AGENCIES OF HEAT AND
CENTRIFUGAL FORCE, AND THE MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN, MORE PARTICULARLY
APPLICABLE TO SACCHARINE SOLUTIONS," to be as follows:-
This Specification has reference to a Patent taken out by me dated.
26th February 1862, and numbered 525 for improverents in the manufacture
of sugar.
It will be there seen that a part of the Invention consists in the use of a
cylindrical apparatus which is made to rotate in a pan containing the solution
to be evaporated, which in the said Patent is confined to saccharine solutions;
also that the pan has tubes passing through it to increase the heating surface,
and is itself surrounded by another pan called a jacket pan containing the
heating medium, which owing to the arrangements adopted can be regulated
so as not to rise beyond the temperature of boiling water or 212° Fahrenheit.
The rotating cylindrical apparatus is composed of ribs having a round, a flat,
or a curved form, which last are arranged somewhat like the floats of a water-
wheel only overlapping each other considerably so as to increase the evaporating.
surface.
The Invention is confined to the manufacture of sugar, but I now claim-

page_text: it as applicable to evaporating purposes generally, together with certain
additions which will either increase the evaporating powers of the machine, or
render it more convenient in its general application.
These additions consist, first, in the introduction of a fan inside the rotating
cylinder which revolving on a separate axis will, by a more rapid revolution,
increase the current of air through the plates or ribs composing the.cylindrical
apparatus; and.2ly, by the introduction of a fan connected to the hood covering
the cylinder, the rapid rotation of the fan, acting by centrifugal force, drawing
the air through the open ends of the cylinder and thence through and between
the curved plates composing the cylinder so as to convey the vapors to any
external outlet.
AN IMPROVED WALKING-STICK UMBRELLA
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Green Watson and
William John Kendall at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 8th October 1863.
We, ROBERT GREEN WATSON, Gentleman, and WILLIAM JOHN KENDALL,
Mechanic, both of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED WALKING-STICK UMBRELLA," to
be as follows:-
The Invention consists principally of a combined walking-stick and umbrella,
being at the same time a perfect walking-stick when used as such, and also a
perfect umbrella, and is capable of being used as either the one or the other,
as circumstances may require.
The umbrella is made with a light metal frame covered with silk, the stick
or central tube being quite straight, and the handle made in the form of a
knob; the point or ferrule of the umbrella is of rather larger diameter than
the stick. The umbrella is enclosed in a light metal case of the form of a
walking-stick, the lower end having a hole or opening through which the point
or ferrule of the umbrella projects. The upper end of the case is furnished
with a hinged lid (closed by a spring) which shuts over the knob of the
umbrella stick, thus forming to all appearance an ordinary walking-stick.
When the umbrella is required the binged lid is opened, and upon pressing
the point or ferrule of the umbrella upon the ground the knob will be forced
upwards, projecting from the mouth of the case, and the umbrella can then be
easily withdrawn.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STEERING SHIPS AND VESSELS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Stainton and Daniel
Lawson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 11th November 1863.
We, MATTHEW STAINTON, of South Shields, in the County of Durham,
Ironfounder, and DANIEL LAWSON, of South Shields, in the County of
Durham, Pattern Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STEERING SHIPS AND VESSELS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for steering
ships and vessels. For this purpose we employ a steering wheel, on the axis
of which is a drum. A rope takes several turns around this drum, and passes
away on either side of the drum to and around a guide pulley, cach end of
the rope is then led to a barrel placed in between the guide pullies, it takes a
half-turn around this barrel and then returns and is made fast. The barrel
is held between suitable guides passing across the stern of the ship or vessel
from one of the guide pullies to the other, and when the steering wheel is
turned the barrel is caused to traverse in one or other direction along its
guides, and it revolves at the same time. The barrel is fitted with an axis
projecting up from it, and this passes through a slot in the tiller secured on the
rudder head, or a swivelling fork may be connected to the top of the barrel,
and this may be made to embrace the tiller, a prong passing on either side of
it; thus, in either case, the barrel as it traverses takes the tiller with it. By
making the connection between the tiller and the barrel in this manner, the

page_text: rudder and tiller can rise clear of the apparatus without deranging it; but for
this provision the steering apparatus would be very liable to be injured, should
the ship or vessel at any time touch the ground. The barrel may, if desired,
be made with spur teeth upon it, and these may be made to gear with rack
teeth on the guide, or a case or frame may be used instead of the barrel
having two sheaves placed in it, their flanges being so extended as to come in
contact with the guide plates, and so have a rolling motion similar to the
barrel; a pin is fixed in the centre of this frame to project through the tiller
in the same way as the axis in the barrel does in the arrangement first
described.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOODEN SLEEPERS FOR RAILWAYS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mark William Carr at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th October
1863.
I, MARK WILLIAM CARR, of the Knoll, Blackheath, in the County of Kent
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOODEN SLEEPERS FOR RAILWAYS," to be as
follows:-
The nature of this Invention is an improvement in the manufacture of trans-
verse wooden sleepers for railways. For this purpose the sleeper is made
with grooves across its upper surface of such form and dimensions that the
particular rails and keys to be used may be securely and conveniently held in
the grooves very much as the rail and key are held in the jaws of the ordinary
cast-iron chair now in common use. The grooves are more or less dovetailed
in their transverse vertical section, being wider below than above. They are
also of sufficient width to admit of the key or keys being driven tight between
the rail and one side of the groove. The form and size of the grooves may
be varied to suit the form and size of the particular rails and keys used. The
Invention thus consists in attaching the rails of railways to the transverse
sleepers of wood by means of grooves and keys without any assistance from
chairs, spikes, nails, "dogs," screws, treenails, straps, or other like contrivances
heretofore employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS, AND IN PARTS: THEREOF
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Harrington at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th September.
1868.
I, ROBERT HARRINGTON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Umbrella Furniture Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS, AND IN PARTS:
THEREOF," to be as follows:-
The first part of my Invention bas for its obiect an improved means whereby
the entire stick or handle of an umbrella be readily taken out of or put
into the frame and cover thereof, thus rendering the umbrella more portable
for packing in travelling cases, and the stick available for a walking stick or
a change of sticks, which may be used alternately in the same umbrella or
parasol, or if a choice one for more than one frame and cover to be alternately
used upon it. In carrying out this part of my Invention in place of rivetting
or screwing the part called the top notch to the stick or handle in the usual
way, I attach one or more spring bolts or catches to the tube or barrel part
of a top notch that shall bolt or catch in a small hole or socket in the stick,
whereby the frame and cover are securely held to the stick or handle when in.
use as an umbrella, but by raising the bolts or catches of the top notch, and
also of the runner, the stick may be instantly withdrawn from the frame and
cover, and replaced with the same facility.
The second part of my Invention is for improvements in the parts of
umbrellas and parasols called top notches and runner notches; and in carrying..

page_text: out this I take a circular disc of thin sheet brass or other metal, and by processes
now well understood I raise the centre thereof into a socket or cup-like form,
and by cutting out the whole of its crown produce the tube or barrel part of
a top notch, leaving the unraised part as an external base rim, in which I cut
the usual number of radial notches to receive the ends of the ribs or stretchers.
Then my Invention is as follows:-(Instead of forming the groove by bringing
near together two such discs of thin metal, or by turning it out of thick sheet
or cast metal) .by means of dies, I so bend the parts of the rim between the
radial notches that balf their number incline upwards and half downwards,
and compose at their edges alternately upwards and downwards arcs of two
parallel circles of the same size. The "tying-in wire" of the ribs or stretchers
being retained in its place by lying under the divisions which incline upwards
and over the alternate ones which incline downwards. By this means I
dispense with much of the metal of the ordinary grooved notch, and so produce
the disideratum of a very light top notch, and also runner notch when soldered
or otherwise fastened to a runner barrel.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF SHOEING HORSES, AND COVERING THE FEET OR HOOFS OF OTHER DOMESTIC ANIMALS WITH HARDENED INDIA- RUBBER, GUTTA PERCHA, AND OTHER IMPROVED SIMILAR MATERIALS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Alexandre Mulet at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th August 1863.
I, LOUIS ALEXANDRE MULET, of Rue St. Charles, No. 1, in the Thernes,
Paris, in the Empire of France, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF SHOEING HORSES, AND
COVERING THE FEET OR HOOFS OF OTHER DOMESTIC ANIMALS WITH HARDENED INDIA-
RUBBER, GUTTA PERCHA, AND OTHER IMPROVED SIMILAR MATERIALS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in a new or improved method of shoeing horses, and
covering the feet or hoofs of other animals, the principal object being to com-
bine strength and solidity with lightness and even elasticity.
I propose for this purpose to use hardened india-rubber, gutta percha, and
other such like materials, in combination with pulverized silica, iron or steel
filings, or other granulated metals, sand, and pounded glass, the proportions
of which are to be varied according to the different degrees of hardness or
elasticity required. Thus, shoes or coverings may be applied to the feet or
hoofs of horses, oxen, asses, mules, sheep, and other animals, either perma-
nently or temporally, in cases of disease, wounds, or tenderness, said shoes or
coverings being applied by means of leather or other elastic straps, so that
if a shoe should by chance be lost or cast on a journey another can easily
be replaced.
AN IMPROVED WATERPROOF MATERIAL
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Snell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st July
1863. A communication from abroad by Jules Wiese, of 48, Rue de
l'Arbre, sec. Paris, Goldsmith.
I, WILLIAM SNELL, of 16, Clements Inn, Strand, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED WATERPROOF MATERIAL," being a communication to me from abroad
by Jules Wiese, of 48, Rue de l'Arbre, sec. Paris, Goldsmith, to be as
Follows:-
This Invention consists of the fabrication of a material or substance called
elastic fibrine (or "gounne indéchirable"), composed of gutta percha, new or
waste caoutchouc, or any other kind of elastic gummy matter mixed with hair,
vool, fur, flax, hemp, cotton, or other fibrous matter impervious to moisture,
n various proportions, and to be moulded or fashioned into various forms, and
pplied to divers uses, such as covering of floors in place of kamptulicon or
ther similar fabrics, for submerged telegraphic cables, in the manufacture of
oots and shoes, and for many other purposes in which resistance to moisture
nd changes of temperature, elasticity, durability, cheapness, and facility of
enovation are considerations.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OP CERTAIN DESCRIPTIONS OF ARTIFICIAL MANURE, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Maynes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th December
1868.
I, JOHN MAYNES, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OP CERTAIN DESCRIPTIONS OF ARTIFICIAL MANURE, AND IN APPARATUS
TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to such descriptions of manure as are procured and
made from excrementitious, fecal, and urinous matters, and the first part of
the Invention is designed to effect the removal of the fecal matter or manure
from the vessels or chambers containing it by a more ready method than
hitherto.
The improvements consist, first, in the application of double or single air
pumps in connection with "receivers" which communicate with the chambers
containing the manure from which the aqueous portion has been evaporated,
so that when the air is exhausted from the "receivers" the manure will be
drawn out of the vessel into them, or an ordinary description of blast engine
or vessels of compressed air may be applied to the chamber either alone or in
conjunction with the air pumps to effect or assist in the expulsion of the
manure.
A second portion of the Invention consists in freezing or congealing the
manure when in a semi-liquid state so as to freeze the aqueous part, whereby

page_text: it becomes separated from the solid and may be removed more quickly than
by evaporation.
A third portion of the Invention relates to the sifting of the ashes and
cinders after they are separated from the excrementitious matter with which
they are collected, and consists in the use of a series of sieves, grids, or
"riddles," in connection with "hoppers" and hoists, arranged as follows:-
The ashes are first placed on the top or highest grid, whence the smaller
particles descend through "hoppers" into waggons or other carriages, from
which they are raised by a hoist or endless chain of buckets to an elevation
and delivered to a hopper from which they pass through a series of sieves or
"riddles" of different sizes, and again into waggons, whence they are removed
to the calcining furnace, the above operation may be repeated several times
if required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRY GAS METERS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William George Alexander Fulton
and Jackson Clyde at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 11th March 1868.
We, GEORGE ALEXANDER FULTON and JACKSON CLYDE, both of Stepney, in
the County of Middlesex, Gas Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRY GAS METERS," to be as follows:-
The main object of our Invention is to adapt dry gas meters to the foot or
base of the pillars or columns of street lamps; and our Invention consists in
forming an inlet aperture in the bottom or lower part of the gas chamber, and
in connecting the supply pipe directly therewith, so that the gas may enter at
once into the gas chamber. We form the outlet from the top and centre of
the meter case.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHIC IMPRES- SIONS OR LIKENESSES BY MEANS OF THE CAMERA
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL: SPECIFICATION. left by Albert Ceileur at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on. the 21st February
1863.
I, ALBERT CEILEUR, of Shawbury Villas, Camden Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Photo-lithographer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHIC IMPRES-
SIONS OR LIKENESSES BY MEANS OF THE CAMERA," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist of: an arrangement of parts for holding the
negative plate in camera obscuras while taking the impression therein by
means of the lens in such manner that the plate can be moved laterally and
also vertically for the purpose of changing its position and presenting a new
surface to receive an impression.
For this purpose I arrange the plate holder with a series of divisions having
suitable holes to form catches at regular intervals according to the size of the
impression to be taken. Supposing for instance the plate to be wide enough
to take a dozen impressions, the plate holder and plate is traversed across in
a slide and fixed at regular intervals by the stops to receive in succession
say twelve impressions, and if two lenses are employed in the same camera
24 impressions will be taken, 36 if with three lenses, and so on. I then lower
the plate holder on a vertical slide and traverse the plate again across the
camera on its horizontal slide, taking another series of 12, 24, or 36 impres-
sions, as the case may be; the plate holder may then be lowered on its vertical

page_text: slide, and so on. In this way a great number of impressions may be taken
from a person or object in a very short space of time. Suitable stops are
provided for the plate holder on its vertical slide as well as on its horizontal
one, so as to regulate and adjust the position of the impression in as close
proximity and with the regularity desired. When the negative plate is com-
plete it is removed from the camera and the positive impressions produced as
usual.
The opening of the plate carrier to the dark chamber is arranged according
to the size of the impressions to be produced, while the movements of the
plate holder must be regulated to shift accordingly. The plate holder is made
of a size and arranged for a number commensurate with the size of the
impressions to be taken and convenience of operation, as for instance, for
small impressions the plate holder may be arranged for a hundred or more
impressions on the same plate without removing it from the plate holder,
while for large impressions two dozen may be a convenient limit.
Instead of or in addition to the plate holder sliding up and down, I some-
times mount the lens or lenses on a vertical slide, and provide two, four, or
more dark chambers in the camera, so that the lenses may be moved to a
position opposite a part of the negative plate and unoccupied by impressions
previously taken, and the plate holder then traversed in its transverse slide so
as to produce another horizontal row of impressions on the plate.
A NEW METHOD OF WATERPROOFING AND VENTI- LATING BOOTS, SHOES, AND SLIPPERS, FOR PREVENTING WET AND DAMP FEET
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Rebecca Tallerman and Lewis
Abraham Tallerman, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 8th July 1863.
We, REBECCA TALLERMAN and LEWIS ABRAHAM TALLERMAN, both of 131,
Bishopsgate Street Without, in the City of London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "A NEW METHOD OF WATERPROOFING AND VENTI-
LATING BOOTS, SHOES, AND SLIPPERS, FOR PREVENTING WET AND DAMP FEET,'
to be as follows:-
The means used in waterproofing and ventilating is as follows:-
Between the lining and the outer material two pieces of oiled silk or oiled
cloth are inserted, one piece reaching from a little below the centre of the boot
to the bottom, and the other piece from the top of the boot to about three-
fourths of an inch over the top of the former piece, thus at the centre or there-
abouts the top piece overlaps the bottom one; and to prevent them sticking
to each other a narrow strip of binding or lining is put between them, and
thus a good ventilation is given to the boot.
The bottom of the boot is waterproof by a socking of the ordinary materials,
but at the side next the sole washed with india-rubber solution, which adheres
to the sole, and being cut a little wider all round is made to cover the weakest
point of the boot, namely, where the upper is stitched to the sole, through
which the water generally finds its way, and is ventilated by having two eyelets
placed in the waists of the boots leading to the sole, and two more eyelets just
above them in the upper leading to the outer material, against which the foot
presses, consequently no water can enter.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MARINERS' COMPASSES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd January
1868. A communication from abroad by Georges Fabre, of 29,
Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, Captain Mercantile Marine.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MARINERS' COMPASSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the application of electric circuits in an easterly
and westerly direction in a ship's compass in order to compensate for and
ascertain the deviation of the needle, as also for finding the direction of the
magnetism influencing it. The apparatus which is represented in the
accompanying Drawing consists of two perfectly similar circuits A, B, formed
of copper wires covered with silk and placed in the same plane at either side
of the axis C. The light cross-pieces E, F, serve to connect the circuit at D and
keep them in equilibrium at the extremity of the axis C. A cross-piece G, H,
connected to a tray X, Y, is furnished at its centre with a rod I, K, having
four cups L, M, N, O, filled with mercury; each of these cups is connected
on the one hand by means of I, K, with the ends of wires p, q, r, s, in com-
munication with a commutator Z of the pile, and on the other hand with the
ends P, Q, R, S, of the wires of the circuits, which dip slightly in the mercury.
The current may be passed through one or both of the circuits; a graduated
arc m, n, serves to mark the deviations of the instrument.
In order to use the instrument as a compensator the current is passed

page_text: through both circuits, care being taken that it proceeds on the two sides in the
same direction; the apparatus will then take a position E. and W., which line
will be so much more in a magnetic E. and W. line, and the compensation be
more perfect according as the magnetic source of deviation is more or less in
a plane perpendicular to that of the instrument, as with equal circuits acting
with the same influence on lever arms of equal extent, and the angles also
being equal, the apparatus will be in equilibrium.
In order to use the instrument for measuring the deviation which exists
when the compensation is not perfect, I first use it as a compensator, taking
note of the direction of the instrument, and then work first the right-hand
circuit and then the left one, and so obtain, by means of the previous direction
of the instrument, two angles, which on comparison gives the correction
necessary to be applied to the instrument, and so permit of again finding a
true magnetic bearing E. and W. In order to find the direction of the
magnetism which influences the compass, I divide the angle of the side
presenting the widest deviation proportionately with regard to the two angles.
The form and dimensions of the apparatus may be varied according to the
particular requirements of each case.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASES FOR PACKING AND STORING BOTTLES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Ellis at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th December
1863.
I, GEORGE HENRY ELLIS, of Romney Cottage, Wellington Road, in the
Parish of Bromley, Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CASES FOR PACKING AND STORING BOTTLES,"
to be as follows:-
My improvements relate to the internal arrangement of portable and other
cases for packing and storing bottles without the labour and expense of
straw, hay, or other similar means of packing, and consist in the employment
of wood laths, having their sides or edges hollowed, fluted, or otherwise formed
at proper intervals to receive and fit about one-third the circumference of
round or other shaped bottles in their widest parts or bodies, and disposed in a
longitudinal or transverse direction in suitable cases or frames, and so that two
of them shall be fixed between two rows of bottles, one at or within a short
distance of the bottom and the other at the top of the wide part or breast of
the bottles. These laths may be formed to the required shape at one or both
their sides or edges, and only one of them may be used between two rows and
at one end of bottles, with other means of securing the other end or necks
thereof, but I prefer that two laths shall always be used between two rows of
bottles. In fixing, I do not place the laths side by side close together so that
the bollows or other shapes would embrace the entire circumference of the
bottles; but they are fixed at a proper distance from each other, such distance

page_text: being determined by the size of the bottles required to be packed. When
the laths are properly fixed in cases in the manner described, the bottles are
placed between the spaces formed in the sides of the laths and are there held
securely, either while stationary or in course of being moved from place to
place.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTAL LACE
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Clarke, of Forest Road, Nottingham, Lace
Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF ORNAMENTAL LACE."
Sealed the 2nd November 1868, and dated the 10th July 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Clarke at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
July 1863.
I, WILLIAM CLARKE, of Forest Road, Nottingham, Lace Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTAL LACE," to be as follows:-
The improvements relate to obtaining various ornamental effects in the
production of lace by peculiar use of some of the warp threads at certain
times, so that such warp threads may form biassing or distorting threads to
give and retain a bias or distortion to parts of the fabric into inclined or
angular forms, and then be used in the production of parts of the lace, by
which the use of extra threads for the purpose is rendered unnecessary.
For this purpose I will suppose warp and bobbin threads to be acting for
a time in separate sets or series, the warp and bobbin threads of each set or
series acting together independently of those of other series to produce portions

page_text: of fabric; then some of these series of warp threads having formed portions
of fabric to be distorted or biassed may remain stationary, and the bobbin
threads acting with them will simply traverse to and from the front and back
combs, whilst the warp threads of one or more of the series will then have
traverse motion given to them to different distances, so as to take round the
bobbin threads of the sets or series to be distorted or biassed, and draw the
portions of fabric formed by them into angular or inclined directions. And
then those warp threads which have for a time acted to draw other portions
of the fabric may for a time again operate with their own bobbin threads to
produce fabric, and so on.
In some cases I apply extra weighting to the warp threads employed in
producing the biassing effect.
By these means the desired configuration is permanently secured, so as not
to be disturbed by subsequent use and washing, whilst economy of material
during manufacture and labour in the finishing process result.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE OR OTHER STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Barclay at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th September
1863.
I, ANDREW BARCLAY, of Kilmarnock, in the County of Ayr, North Britain,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE OR OTHER STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows, that is
to say:
This Invention relates to the arrangement and construction of certain
mechanical details for improving the draught in the funnels of locomotive or
other steam engines, as well as for preventing or modifying the noise which is
caused by the sudden emission of the steam through the funnel.
Under one modification or system of arrangement, as applied to a loco-
motive or a traction engine, the two exhaust pipes leading from the engines
open into a chamber or receiver arranged in the smoke box or in the funnel
of the engine. This steam chamber is made in the form of a metal box, the
upper part of which is perforated in numerous places, and into each of these
apertures a conical jet or nozzle is screwed. With this arrangement the
sudden rush and escape of the steam is checked, and it is diffused in a volume
which produces a steady and better, draught than when allowed to escape in
the ordinary way. Another important advantage attending this addition to
the engine is that it prevents the noise which attends the emission of steam in
locomotives; this defect has been the principal cause in preventing traction.

page_text: engines from being generally used in ordinary traffic. The steam chamber and
jets may be applied to vertical or horizontal boilers, and to all classes of engines
where its use may be found advantageous; the shape of the chamber, as well
as the disposition of the jets, may also be modified in various ways to suit the
particular class or form of engine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR STUDS, SLEEVE FASTENERS, SOLITAIRES, BRACELETS, BROOCHES, AND OTHER USES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Wakeman Lane at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
February 1863.
I, JAMES WAKEMAN LANE, of Caledonian Road, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Watchmaker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR STUDS, SLEEVE FASTENERS, SOLITAIRES,
BRACELETS, BROOCHES, AND OTHER USES," to be as follows:-
My fastening consists of two parts, the one part being a box containing the
fastening or locking mechanism of the kind hereafter described, and the
other part containing a projecting piece or shank, which is to be fitted or locked
into the box aforesaid. The box before mentioned is provided with an orifice
through which the aforesaid shank can be introduced, and at each side of the
said orifice spring catches are provided, which consist of latch or catch piece
or pieces, which are bent or formed with a "bridge," as thus, in
order that the inner end of the latch or catch may be kept flat against the
inner surface of the box part herein-before mentioned. The outer ends of
these catches or latches project through orifices beyond the edge of the said
box part. The shank on the other part of the fastener (such shank having a
groove or notch therein) has to be introduced by pressure into the proper
orifice, and by the action of the latches or catches becomes locked or fastened,
unfastening being effected by pressing the ends of the latches or catches afore-
said. The latches or catches before mentioned are secured to the box by
screws or studs situate in cuts or openings, and are acted upon by-springs.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SCISSORS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Narcisse Legendre at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th May
1863.
I, NARCISSE LEGENDRE, of Saint Pierre les Calais (pas de Calais), Empire
of France, & of 89, Chancery Lane, London, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SCISSORS."
My Invention consists in the construction of scissors in such manner as to
cut two pieces or threads at one and the same time, the scissors being worked
in the ordinary manner, as hereafter described. Two arms or blades termi-
nating at one end in rings are jointed together at the other, and about which
point they are free to move. Two other arms, shorter than the first, are jointed
at their rear end, and are united by screws or rivets to the first-mentioned
blades, and which cut on their outside edges while the others cut on their
inside edges. If now, for example, the scissors are opened and the foremost,
or those points which are jointed together, are introduced into a loop of tulle,
and the instrument is pushed forward until the loop is stretched, on closing
the scissors the two ends of the loop are cut at one and the same time and by
the same motion. Scissors made in this manner may be fitted to a cross bar
and arranged so as to suit certain designs, and thus engage one series of loops
in the scissors which follow, all being worked by a single motion. Scissors
constructed as before-described are particularly applicable to the cutting of
tulle with facility and quickness as well as to all other purposes for which
scissors are employed.
A NEW FASTENER OR HOLDER FOR FLOWERS OR OTHER DECORATIONS TO COATS: AND ARTICLES OF DRESS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adam Dixon and Josiah Pumphrey
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 11th July 1863.
We, ADAM DIXON, of Harborne, in the County of Stafford, Engineer,. and
JOSIAH PUMPHREY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Machinist,.do-
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW FASTENER OR
HOLDER FOR FLOWERS OR OTHER DECORATIONS TO COATS: AND ARTICLES OF DRESS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the fastening of a flower or flowers, or
other decorations to coats and other articles of dress. independent of button-
holes or pins, the former of which when applied to their intended purpose are
inconvenient for holding such decorations, while the latter are unsightly and
apt to injure either the wearer, the coat, or the decoration.
Our Invention consists of one or more pieces of metal or other flexiblo
material (steel being preferred) shaped into a tubular or hollow form, and!
having projecting ears or flaps standing behind or in an opposite direction to.
the slit or line of junction in the tube, which ears on being pressed together:
cause the slit to open, and the edge of the coat and floral or other decoration
being then inserted into the clip are held together by the natural springing
together of the junction line on the ears of the clip being released from
pressure.