matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT PARTS OF RAILWAY TRAINS, AND PARTLY APPLICABLE FOR OPENING AND CLOSING THE DOORS OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Wyatt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st May
1873.
I, JOHN WYATT, of Slapton, in the County of Devon, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR
SIGNALLING BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT PARTS OF RAILWAY TRAINS, AND PARTLY
APPLICABLE FOR OPENING AND CLOSING THE DOORS OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES," to be
as follows:-
:-
My Invention relates to improved communicating apparatus, whereby
a signal or alarm may be given by a passenger in a railway train to the
guard or driver, or from the guard to the driver, part of the said
apparatus being also applicable for opening or closing the doors of
railway carriages.
The apparatus consists of a rod or shaft disposed along the roof of
each railway carriage, and coupled at the ends to that of each of the
adjacent carriages, as hereafter described, so as to form a continuous line
of shafting throughout the train, connected at each end, that is to say,

page_text: This automatic coupling is also applicable in apparatus for opening
and closing the doors of railway carriages from the guard's van. This
apparatus would consist of shafts on each carriage, from which the doors
are opened by means of racks and pinions, the shafts being connected at
5 their ends by the automatic or prong couplings, in order to transmit the
rotation of the shafts throughout the train.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ECONOMISING FUEL IN HOUSE FIRE-GRATES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Godfrey Ermen at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
February 1873.
I, GODFREY ERMEN, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ECONOMISING FUEL IN HOUSE FIRE-GRATES,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in applying an air receiver or warmer at the
bottom, back, and sides or any of such parts of fire-grates. These air
receivers or warmers are supplied with cold air either from the inside or
from the outside of the house or other premises; the air in the receiver
or warmer is heated by the fire in the grate, and the heated air escapes
through outlets in the receiver or warmer into pipes by which the
heated air is conveyed into any convenient part of the room or rooms
or premises to be heated. In conjunction with or independently of the
air receiver or warmer above described I apply a cover or lid over the
fire-grate to receive the top heat from the fire and to transmit or reflect
it into the apartment; this cover or lid has one or more openings for
the escape of the smoke into the chimney. The opening into the

page_text: chimney is closed excepting by the pipe or pipes connected to the
openings in the lid or cover. The lid or cover may be either plain on
the outside or fluted. The air receivers or warmers and the covers or
lids are applicable to almost every description of house fire-grate, and
the advantages are as follows:-The greatest heat is generally at the
bottom and back of the grate, and this heat is mostly carried away by
the draft into the chimney; but by my improvements this heat is
applied to warm the air which is admitted into the room or other part
of the premises, and which may be carried by pipes either into the room
in which the grate is set or into any other room or part of the house
or premises. By admitting the heated air into rooms or apartments in
the manner described the drafts from windows and doors will be dimi-
nished and the consumption of coal or other fuel will by these improve-
ments be greatly reduced.
(
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS AND FURNACES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nicholas Demetrius Spartali
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 15th August 1873.
I, NICHOLAS DEMETRIUS SPARTALI, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Steam Ship Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS AND
FURNACES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to effect the rapid generation of steam
for high pressure engines and to economize the consumption of fuel used
in the generation of steam.. To this end I construct a boiler and furnace
having some of the characteristics of the ordinary locomotive engine
boiler, that is to say, I provide a cylindrical water space and insert
therein a series of fire tubes. These connect at one end with a fire-
chamber which is an extension of the furnace. Surrounding the water
space is a flue formed, say with a fire-brick lining and extending from
end to end of the boiler. This flue is brought into connection at one
end with the furnace or fire-box in such manner that the flame and
heated gases generated in the fire-box will besides passing through the
tubes in the water space also circulate around the cylindrical water

page_text: space. At the back end of the boiler this flue will contract to a conical
form, where it will connect with a chimney for carrying off the gases of
combustion.
The fire-box I propose to fit with fire-bars as usual, and with suitable
openings for lighting the fire and for admitting air to maintain com- 5
bustion.
'
The fuel I propose to feed to the fire-box through a door at the top.
Externally of the fire-brick flue which surrounds the cylindrical water
space I propose to apply a water jacket, and to take the feed water
therefrom, the temperature of which will be raised before its admission 1
to the boiler by reason of its proximity to the enveloping flue.
In some cases I propose to supply fuel to this flue, which fuel will be
ignited by the flame and heated gases passing through it from the
furnace.
The fuel may be admitted by an opening at the top of the boiler 1
through the water jacket and through the crown of the flue, and lateral
openings of a similar character may be made to the flue near the bottom
of the boiler to provide for the cleaning out of scoria from the flue.
A steam chamber taking by preference the form of a horizontal tube will
be provided externally of the boiler, and suitably connected with the 2
cylindrical water space.
In some cases I propose to connect together two such boilers as that
described, and thus allow the fire from one boiler to heat the water in
the other. For this purpose the openings in the coned ends of the flues
will be brought together and allow of the passage of the flame and 2
heated gases from one boiler to another.
Provision may be made for carrying off the incombustible gases by
connecting the fire-chamber of the annexed boiler with the chimney.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAIRS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Barge at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
December 1873.
I, EDWARD BARGE, of No. 6, Caroline Street, Bedford Square, in the
5 County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAIRS," to be as follows:-
The object of the Invention is to give support to the small or lower
part of the back to persons whilst sitting on chairs. For this purpose
the lower back rail or bar or portion of the filling in to the back of the
chair in place of being formed as is usual concave or so as to recede
from the front of the chair, is formed of considerable convexity, and
with the centre of the horizontal depth of such part to bear about the
central line of the small of the back. The amount of convexity I have
found to answer well is about four or five inches with the centre of the
horizontal line of such projection, say about five inches from the seat
line, but I do not confine myself to these exact relations. By the
support thus given to the back in sitting greatly increased comfort is
obtained.
A NEW OR IMPROVED FUEL
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Burder Walker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th April 1878.
I, JOHN BURDER WALKER, of Courtland Lodge, Addiscombe, in the
County of Surrey, Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED FUEL," to be as follows:—
This Invention relates to a new or improved fuel adapted for household
and other general purposes, as well as for generating steam.
For manufacturing fuel according to this Invention I combine chalk,
coke or breeze, small coal, oak bark, and clay.
The following proportions of the above substances will be found to
produce a good fuel, though I do not confine myself thereto for all
purposes:-Chalk, one part; coke or breeze, one part; small coal,
one part; oak bark, five parts; clay (plastic) sufficient to bind the
above substances well together.
Previously to combining the clay with the other substances such sub.
stances should all be thoroughly reduced to powder, which operation
may be performed on them either separately or collectively. The clay

page_text: is then mixed with them in a pug mill or by other suitable means, during
which operation a small quantity of water may be added if necessary.
The compound thus formed is then pressed or divided into blocks or
lumps of the required size and shape, and the fuel is then ready for use.
Apparatus for working orting theving shues
Year: 1873

page_text: Fourthly. Apparatus for working or rotating the revolving shuttle
boxes.
Fifthly. Apparatus for stopping the looms where rising and falling
shuttle boxes are employed, when such boxes fail to descend at the
proper time.
Sixthly. Apparatus for stopping the loom when two shuttles are in
the "race
"at one time, or when a shuttle is in the "race" and another
in the box opposite thr shuttle "race."
We employ for tightening the weft on each "pick" a finger, over
which the weft passes. The finger is by spring lifted or raised whilst the
fork is on the weft. A cam or tappet depresses the finger after the
"beat."
In stopping the loom when the picker does not return to its proper
position, we employ a "feeler" mounted on the end of a cranked rod,
which "feeler" when the picker returns to its proper position rests upon 1
the picker guide. When the guide is absent, there is nothing to support
the "feeler" which descends, and the rod to which it is connected
actuates a rod connected therewith and carried along the back of the
shuttle box, which said rod in turn acts on a balance lever, and the stop
rod and this operates the mechanism usually employed in connection
with stop rods for arresting the motion of looms.
To ensure the compartments and shuttles of rotary boxes being
opposite the shuttle "race," we employ in lieu of the hammer or T head
and on which the pins rest, an antifriction bowl. This will not admit
of one pin resting thereon, as is the case with the T head, but at once?
revolves or moves on its centre and so secures the box being true to the
shuttle "race." This apparatus we employ for securing the jacquard in
proper position.
The catch pawl or apparatus for operating rotary shuttle boxes, we
mount on a fulcrum or stud about midway its length, and operate the :
same by a shaft and cam connected at its foot. On the opposite end of
this shaft is a cross shaft or lever connected with and actuated by the
jacquard apparatus.
To arrest the motion of the loom in which rising and falling shuttle
boxes are used (when the box fails to descend), we attach thereto a
swell, which when the box descends properly acts on a pulley mounted

page_text: on the end of a bell-crank lever, and so raises the other end of the said
lever and prevents the lever acting on a balance lever connected with
the stop rod and stopping the loom.
"
To stop the loom when from mistake two shuttles are in the " race or
in the same box, we employ a "feeler or double lever, which works on
a pin or fulcrum, and so long as there is but one shuttle the one end will
descend, the other ascend, and by ascending act on levers, first moving
swells clear of the stop rod; but when an additional shuttle is present,
the lever and "feeler" are not free to move, and the stop rod swells are
not removed, consequently the loom is stopped by the swells acting on
the stop rod.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WINDING TWO OR MORE YARNS OR THREADS OF COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS ON TO BOBBINS OR SPOOLS PREPARATORY TO DOUBLING THE SAME
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Stubbs and John Corrigan
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
the 24th September 1873.
We, JOSEPH STUBBS, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Machine Maker, and JOHN CORRIGAN, of the same Place, Mechanic, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR WINDING TWO OR MORE YARNS OR THREADS OF COTTON AND OTHER
FIBROUS MATERIALS ON TO BOBBINS OR SPOOLS PREPARATORY TO DOUBLING THE
SAME," to be as follows:
Our Invention relates to arrangements whereby the yarns or threads
are cleansed, and their fibres smoothened before they are wound upon the
bobbin or spool, and the broken ends when such occur are prevented from
being wound. For these purposes we cause the yarns or threads to pass
over or around one or more rollers or pins as they proceed from the creel,
after which they pass between a pair of rollers, one of which is driven,
and are then delivered to the curls mentioned in the Provisional
Specification filed by us dated June 24th 1873, No. 2201. By this
arrangement the said driven rollers cause a slight tension on the yarn
between themselves and the first mentioned rollers or pins, and when a

page_text: weak end is being wound it breaks at that place, and the machine being
stopped according to the description in our aforesaid Provisional Speci-
fication or by other arrangements, the broken end has not time to pass
to the bobbin or spool. Simultaneously with the stopping of the
machine a blade.enters between the driven roller and that resting upon
it, whereby the two are separated, and in order to facilitate the piecing
we adapt a hinge to the said roller, so that it may be turned up on a
centre. The intrusion of the blade between the rollers may be effected
by means similar to those described in reference to our previous Inven-
tion aforesaid, but we will now describe a modified arrangement we
employ. The yarns or threads pass through curls projecting from rods
turning upon centres, and carrying at one end the blade for stopping the
rotation of the bobbin, and situate at their other ends over an arm
extending from the blade for separating the roller. When an end
breaks the curl and its rod falls, thereby thrusting the two blades between
the revolving surfaces they are to separate. We propose to mount the
bobbin or spool in levers which are capable of being turned upon centres
and held by a catch so as to leave a convenient space between the said
bobbin or spool and surface drum for facility of piecing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FUEL AND IN The Manufacture THEREOF
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Maxted at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
March 1873.
I, THOMAS MAXTED, of Newnham, in the County of Kent, Builder,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FUEL AND IN The Manufacture THEREOF," to be as follows:-
-
The improvements consist in the utilization for fuel of a mixture of
chalk, sawdust, pitch, and sometimes tar and coal mixed together and
boiled, afterwards pressed into moulds and allowed to cool therein.
The improvements may be performed by mixing 25 bushels of sawdust,
preferably from hard wood, 8 bushels of chalk, 400 pounds weight of
pitch, and sometimes when desired adding two gallons of tar, and two
bushels of coal thereto, the chalk and the coal being when desired broken
into convenient pieces or ground.
The mixture as above having been made within or afterwards intro-
duced into or on a suitable receptacle, is boiled together until it comes to
a thick mass, and more or less dry, it is then run or placed into any con-
venient mould, pressed therein, and as soon as cold ready for use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ENVELOPES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gordon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
January 1873.
I, JOHN GORDON, of No. 3, Barnard's Inn, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ENVELOPES," to be as
follows:-
-
The object of this Invention is to give greater security to envelopes.
used for letters, packages, and other purposes where privacy is
essential, and to prevent the surreptitious opening or tampering with
the same.
With this object I construct the envelopes in the following
manner reference being made in the description to the accompanying
Drawings:-
The front and back of the envelope are alike, having two tongues
or flaps, as shown at a and b, instead of one only as in the present
method. Now these two flaps are designed to fold down together, the
inner or back one 6 being prepared with the usual adhesive composition
on both sides; the outer flap or front a having such adhesive on the

page_text: inner side only, so that after the letter or other object the envelope is
to contain is passed in between the two flaps or tongues into the body
of the envelope the adhesive on the inner sides of the flaps is moistened
and attached, which closes the same, and then the flaps are folded
down together in the ordinary manner, and the adhesive on the back
flap 6 is moistened, and thus the double flap is attached in the usual
way on to the body of the envelope; but it will be seen that by this
method the closing of the envelope will be protected by the double
flap and adhesive fixings instead of the single method now in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ARRANGING RETORTS AND IN APPARATUS FOR CHARGING AND DRAWING THE SAME
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stephen Alley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th May
1873.
I, STEPHEN ALLEY, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ARRANGING RETORTS AND IN APPARATUS FOR CHARGING
AND DRAWING THE SAME," to be as follows, that is to say :—
This Invention has for its object to facilitate, expedite, and economisc
the operations of charging and drawing retorts, and is applicable in gas
or oil works or wherever a number of retorts require to be frequently
charged and drawn.
The Invention consists in constructing the retort benches or buildings
containing the retorts in a circular form, with the retorts radiating from
a centre and by preference horizontally, whilst there is placed in the
centre elevating and turning apparatus with tools and appliances for
charging the fresh coal or other material into, and for withdrawing the
residues from one or more of the retorts at a time.
In one modification a frame or platform is fixed on a hydraulic ram or
cylinder by means of which it may be elevated or depressed to the level

page_text: of any retort, stops being provided at different heights so that the level-
of the platform may not vary whilst a retort is being operated on. For
charging the retort the frame carries a scoop which is moved into the
retort by a hydraulic or steam cylinder, or by rack, screw, or endless
chain gearing from a steam engine, and is then turned and withdrawn.
The spindle of the scoop is screwed to work in a cross head which moves
along guide slots, and when the cross head reaches either end of the slots
the remaining motion of the scoop makes it turn by the action of the
spindle. The rake- for withdrawing the residues may be worked in a
similar way, and a basket may be arranged beneath the rake to receive
the residues, such basket being carried round by the central frame to a
convenient point for its discharge. The central platform or frame may
be arranged to turn round a pillar fixed to the roof of the retort house,
and may be elevated by a differential cylinder working on the pillar,
whilst chains may be led from it over pulleys to counterbalance
weights.
In another modification a small portable steam engine may be mounted
on the central platform or frame, and may drive wheel or screw gearing
to work the charging scoop or drawing rake, and even for raising and
lowering the platform itself. The same platform or central frame may
carry two or more sets of charging scoops and drawing rakes; thus in a
large retort house of a completely circular form diametrically opposite
retorts may be operated-upon at one time.
AN IMPROVED DEvice for TickeTING SHOP GOODS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st February 1873.-A communication from abroad by Louis
Hannart and Théophile Mamelzer, both of Paris, France.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lanc, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED DEvice for TickeTING SHOP GOODS AND
FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:
This Invention relates to a combined pin or hook and clip for
ticketing shop goods and for other purposes. Figures 1 and 2 of the
accompanying Drawing show two views at right angles of a combined
pin and clip with a shop ticket inserted, while Figures 3, 4, and 5, show
a clip combined with a hook-shaped pin in lieu of a straight pin, but
which serves the same purpose of attaching the device to an article.
The same reference letters are used in all the Figures.
a, straight pin; b, bent or hook-shaped pin for affixing the clip, but a
hook to be attached to a button or other hole in the garment or article
may be substituted for the bent pin; c, clip formed for example of a strip

page_text: of steel or copper made more or less ornamental in shape, and bent up,
as shown, so as to hold the ticket d, said clip being riveted, screwed, or
otherwise attached to pin a or b.
Several clips may be attached to the same pin, and when used for
marking goods in shop windows the clip may be made in the form of 5
Figures so as to dispense with a ticket.
This device may also be used for attaching a decoration to the coat or
for exhibiting a railway or other ticket.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR ASSISTING RIDERS TO MOUNT THEIR HORSES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bridge at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th April
1873.
I, HENRY BRIDGE, of Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MEANS FOR ASSISTING RIDERS TO MOUNT THEIR HORSES," to be as follows:—
The Invention has for its object improvements in means for assisting
riders to mount their horses. For this purpose I fix on the near side of
the saddletree, somewhat to the rear of the hook or fastening carrying
the ordinary stirrup, another hook or fastening to which a second or
additional stirrup is fixed, this last mentioned stirrup hangs when
required some distance below the ordinary stirrup, so as to enable the
right foot to be readily placed therein, after which the left foot can be
placed in the ordinary stirrup and the horse mounted. A cord or other
connection is fixed to the additional stirrup, so as to enable the rider.
when mounted to draw up the additional stirrup into a box case, or
receptacle fixed to the saddle.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CURING SMOKY CHIMNEYS, AND VENTILATING APARTMENTS AND BUILDINGS, MINES, AND SHIPS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Butler Clough at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th October 1873.
I, CHARLES BUTLER CLOUGH, of Baughton House, in the County of
Chester, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CURING SMOKY CHIMNEYS, AND VENTILATING
APARTMENTS AND BUILDINGS, MINES, AND SHIPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements on the apparatus for curing
smoky chimneys, for which I obtained Letters Patent bearing date the
3rd of January, 1863, No. 28, and consists in the combination with such
apparatus of a steam or air jet pipe or pipes for directing a current or
currents of steam or air upwards between the two cylinders, both of
which may if desired be made of fire-clay or earthenware, so that in calm
weather an upward current or draught may be obtained which will be
serviceable not only in curing a smoky chimney, but in obtaining a
better ventilation in any apartment or building to which the said
improved apparatus may be applied. The improved draft will also
permit of the reduction of the heights of chimneys whether on steamers
afloat or in connection with manufactories of any kind.
In- PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROTATING CALENDARS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Warren William De la Bue at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 29th July 1878.
I, WARREN WILLIAM DE LA RUE, of Bunhill Row, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROTATING CALENDARS," to be as follows :—
The object of this Invention is to improve the construction of
calendars to shew the month and day of the month. For this purpose I
mount by preference at the back of a calendar two circular plates in
such a manner that they can be revolved in the same plane, and con-
centrically one with the other. One is an annular plate having numbers
upon it for the days of the month, the other a diso placed concentrically
within the annular ring, and having marked upon it the several months
in a year. In the face of the calendar are two slots one below the other,
any one of the numbers on the annular plate can be brought behind the
upper slot, and will represent the day of the month, and the name of
either of the months can be brought behind the lower alot, and will
shew the month of the year.

page_text: I form the calendar of three plates, by preference of cardboard, of the
same external dimensions, so that they may be cemented or otherwise
connected together and appear as one board. The plate which is to form
the face of the calendar may have printed upon it the several months,
weeks, and days of the year as usual, and has also cut in it two slots as
above mentioned. The central plate has a circular hole punched in it,
within which is received the annular plate before mentioned, the annular
plate just fitting within the hole, so that it can be freely turned.
Centrally or nearly so within the annular plate is placed the disc, and
this at its centre is either fastened to the back plate, or is otherwise
supported, so that it can be revolved on its axis. In the back plate slots
are made behind the annular plate and disc to allow of their being
turned, and thus the correct day and month of the year may always be
made to appear upon the face of the calendar.
•
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR UTILIZING THE EXHAUST STEAM OF STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugo Heinemann at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
March 1873.
I, HUGO HEINEMANN, of Hagen, Prussia, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR
UTILIZING THE EXHAUST STEAM OF STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to convert a part of the latent heat
contained in the steam exhausted from a common high-pressure steam
engine into mechanical labour.
This object is attained by leading the exhaust pipe of the steam
engine into an injector, by means of which the exhausting steam aspires
a quantity of air, imparts to it a part of its own latent heat, and causes
the same to attain a higher degree of temperature as well as a higher
pressure.
The latter so produced is made to act upon one or more turbino
wheels of an appropriate construction to convert the pressure of the
air and the steam mixed with it into useful mechanical effect.

page_text: By preference two turbines keyed on one shaft are employed, and a
chamber is placed between the two, so that the air (together with
the non-condensed steam), having acted on the first turbine, enters this
chamber and then acts on the second one. The shaft of the turbine or
turbines turns in appropriate bearings, which, by preference, are con-
nected to the covers of the aforesaid chamber. Part of the steam
condenses in the apparatus and may be used as feed water.
The aforesaid injector is constructed on the common principle, but
by preference a series of two or more tubes placed one inside of the
other is employed to increase the quantity of air aspired.
By the application of these turbines an increased counter pressure is
exerted on the piston of the steam engine, but nevertheless, an increase
of about 40 per cent. of useful effect is attained, as the exhaust steam of
an engine of originally two horses' power will produce a mechanical effect
equal to one horse power.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROCKETS AND SIMILAR SIGNALS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING THE SAME
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Banting Rogers at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th February 1873.
I, JOHN BANTING ROGERS, of Hope Cottage, Robertsbridge, in the
County of Sussex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROCKETS AND SIMILAR SIGNALS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR
PROPELLING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
By dispensing with the stick as at present used attached to rockets or
signals (or where not used) by the following arrangements, and thus
give that motion necessary to keep the head of the projectile in proper
position for onward course, viz., the present cases can be used with the
addition of a disc hereafter mentioned, or on the case of the projectiles
projections or indentations can be constructed further to attain the
desired effect. A disc of a peculiar construction can be made of metal
or metals, wood, or other substances (or in combination), and inserted in
the base of the rocket or signal. This disc will have an opening to
receive a detonator or a fuse. The object of this disc serving a double
purpose, videlecet, that of receiving a blow from a gun hereafter

page_text: described and holding the detonator or fuse to ignite the composition
of the rocket or signal.
The gun can be made of metal or metals in one or more pieces (as
there is no great strain upon it). It may be in wood or other substance
(or in combination), and will be made in sizes to suit the rockets or
signal used either smooth in the bore or with grooves or ribs to suit the
projections or indentations on the rocket or signal. The action used to
impart the blow being by spring or springs of metal or metals, either
spiral, curved, or flat, or if metal be not used other substances may be
adapted such as india-rubber, wood, gut, gunpowder, or any or all in 1
combination. Thus a blow will be imparted that will fire the detonator
or the fuse, and strike the disc in the base of the rocket or signal at the
same moment of time, and thus give an impetus and overcome the
inertia and accelerate the flight of the projectile, giving it direction and
removing difficulties complained of in works on gunnery (in connection
with rockets), making them more reliable than under existing methods
either for war, peace, or marine purposes. The rocket where with a line
(lines can be used for life saving or purposes of communication, greater
accuracy can be attained and time saved.
By this Invention facilities will be given for using rockets or signals
in
any weather either on sea or land, for life saving, communicating,
peace or war purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO SHIPS' DAVITS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Burke at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
May 1873.
I, MICHAEL BURKE, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN AND APPLICABLE TO SHIPS' DAVITS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in so constructing or adding mechanical
appliances to ships' davits that boats can be easily, safely, and with
expedition launched overboard or inboard when jammed or full of
passengers, and thus afford efficient means for saving life at sea in storm
or accident. For this purpose I drill holes through cach davit or I
attach a capstan head thereto in such manner that purchase can be
obtained through hand spikes or their mechanical equivalents so as to
cause each davit to rotate on its axis as required. a, davits; b, holes to
receive hand spikes c; d, capstan head.
AN IMPROVED FEED WATER INDICATOR FOR STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th September 1873.-A communication from abroad by Andrew
S. Goodrich and Michael Kornblum, both of the City and State of
New York, United States of America.
I, HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED FEED WATER INDICATOR
FOR STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to allow of the operation of the feed
pumps that supply steam boilers and other receptacles with water or other
fluid to be watched so as to see if such pumps are working properly or
are supplying air in greater or less quantities in place of the liquid to
be fed.
This Invention consists in connecting the feed pipe of a pump or the
pump itself, by means of a pipe with the water gauge of the steam
boiler or equivalent receptacle, so that the water gauge may serve as an
indicator for the operations of the pumps.

page_text: The water gauge is applied to the steam boiler in the ordinary
manner. If this gauge is of the usual construction it is preferred to
close the lower part, while the upper part remains in communication
with the steam space of the boiler,
A pipe connects the lower end of the water gauge with the feed pipe
of the pump, or with the pump direct; a valve or cock is arranged on
the pipe. This pipe with the guage will contain a column of water as
high as that in the boiler, and at every stroke of the pump the water in
the gauge will, owing to the effect of the added supply, fluctuate or
pulsate in the gauge, and by such pulsation will indicate that the pump
is in operation and effective.
When from any cause whatever the pump should, instead of water,
supply air, the air so supplied, or a portion of it, will ascend into the
gauge, where it will indicate its presence in the form of bubbles rising
through the water in the gauge.
When the pump is at rest the water in the gauge will cease to
fluctuate or pulsate, and thus by the connection of the water gauge with
the feed pump or feed pipe, the operations of the pump can be fully
observed.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR DYEING SKINS AND LEATHER
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Croft at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th July
1873.
İ, ARTHUR CROFT, of the Town and County of the Town of Nottingham,
Dyer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR DYEING SKINS AND LEATHER," to be as
follows:-
I employ a machine constructed as follows:-In a wood vat of suitable
size bearings are secured at the ends to carry the axles or trunions of a
cylinder, the bearings, axles, and cylinder being wholly of wood. One
side of the vat is secured to or forms part of a framing which carries at
its upper end a second wood roller the axles of which are of iron or
other suitable metal. Round these rollers two or more india-rubber
belts are passed, to the outer sides of which belts one or more series of
lags are secured. Each belt on its inner edge is provided with one or
more series of spring clips or equivalent apparatus, which with the lags
before named securely hold the edges of the skins or leather.

page_text: The axle of the upper roller is provided with a fast pulley and a loose
one, round which a belt from any prime mover being passed the
attendant can stop or start the machine at pleasure, thus causing the
skins or leather to be carried repeatedly through the dyeing liquor
contained in the vat, such liquor being fed into the vat and distributed
beneath the lower roller by means of a funnel and pipes pierced with
holes, in addition to which I pass through the vat a pipe supplied with
steam, so as to keep the dying liquor at the required temperature.
Beneath the upper roller is a water-tight shoot, which receives the
dying liquor which drops from the skins or leather and guides it into the
vat.
AN IMPROVED JUG OR VESSEL FOR HOT WATER OR OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lionel Lyster at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
August 1873.
I, JOHN LIONEL LYSTER, of Howick Place, in the City of Westminster
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED JUG OR VESSEL FOR HOT WATER OR OTHER LIQUIDS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing jugs or vessels without any lid
or opening at the top, so that as there will be no escape of steam and no
access of air, the liquid will remain hot for a long time.
In carrying out my Invention I fit a tube within the jug extending
from the bottom thereof to a height corresponding with the level of the
top of the spout, and I lead the spout down to nearly the bottom of the
jug. To fill the jug it is inverted and the liquid is poured into it
through the tube; when the jug is returned to its proper or normal
position the liquid cannot escape through the said tube because the
upper end of the tube is above the water level.

page_text: The object of carrying the spout down to nearly the bottom of the
jug is to prevent the liquid running out when the jug is being filled.
The lower end of the tube may be closed by a strainer to prevent any
solid matter passing through it.
If desired the bottom of the jug may be made to unscrew for the
purpose of allowing the inside of the jug to be cleaned.
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS OR MACHINE FOR SCRAPING AND CLEANSING THE EXTERIOR SIDES AND BOTTOMS OF SHIPS AFLOAT, AND OTHER FLOATING OR SUBMERGED BODIES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Defty at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd May
1873.
I, HENRY DEFTY, of Middlesborough, in the County of York, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
APPARATUS OR MACHINE FOR SCRAPING AND CLEANSING THE EXTERIOR SIDES AND
BOTTOMS OF SHIPS AFLOAT, AND OTHER FLOATING OR SUBMERGED BODIES," to bo as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce an apparatus or a machine
to scrape, brush, or otherwise clear or cleanse the sides and bottoms
of ships, and other floating and submerged bodies of the seaweeds,
barnacles, and other bodies or materials which constitute what is termed
the "fouling of ships' bottoms."
The means by which I propose to effect the said object of this In-
vention are as follows:-I form a square or other conveniently shaped
frame of timber, the front part of which operating next to or against the
ship consists of a half-round bar lapped with bass or other suitable
material, or a brush is formed thereon or attached thereto. Immediately
above or below the said half-round timber bar I mount a steel scraper

page_text: which is maintained in position by two steel springs attached to it
behind; this steel scraper is formed with return ends to clear or tripp off
the "fouling" at the joints or seams of ships' planking or plates. At the
inner edge or part of this scraper I fix an upright bar to prevent the
front or scraping part from canting.
In order to secure the proper and easy working of my improved
apparatus the said timber frame and scraper are slung by ropes from each
end or side, the said ropes varying in their respective lengths to suit the
part of the ship to which the scraper and brush are to be applied.
i
In operating my said improved apparatus I prefer to use two machines
or two sets of apparatus, one on each side of the ship connected by two
small wire lines or ropes passing under the keel of the ship. The said
machines are worked upon deck or in boats or rafts alongside the ship
by hand, tackle, or by a winch or winches drawing the said machines up
on each side alternately. The result being that a ship at sea having a
“foul bottom” can be speedily cleansed, and have her usual rate of sailing
restored, the advantages of which both to life and property can scarcely
be estimated.
'
IMPROVEMENTS IN RATCHET BRACES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFCIATION left by Frank Joseph Noble at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th June 1873.
I, FRANK JOSEPH NOBLE, of Gateshead-on-Tyne, in the County of
Durham, Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RATCHET BRACES," to be as follows, that is
to say:-
To carry out my Invention I make the stock or spindle of the ratchet
brace solid, either of steel or other metal, and having a square or V
shaped screw thread cut thereon to receive the ratchet wheel. The
adjusting box or nut is also cut with a thread internally to fit the stock
at the top end, and a drill or boring tool is fitted into a square hole at
the bottom end of the stock. Two flat plates made of steel or other
metal, having at one end round holes made to fit the round parts on the
stock or spindle, and at the other end round holes made to receive a
bolt serve to carry the lever and pawl. The lever and pawl may be
made of steel or other metal either hollow or solid, and in one piece, so
as to form a joint by the action of the lever when connected by the two
plates, one end of the plates on each side of the lever, and the other end
a

page_text: of the plates on each side of the ratchet wheel being secured to the
stock of the ratchet brace.
The motion of the lever is regulated by working against the ends of
the plates, which are made circular, having shoulders formed thereon, and
being connected to the lever and pawl by the round bolt herein-before
referred to, allowing the pawl sufficient play to admit of its going in and
out of gear with the teeth of the ratchet wheel.
The top plate carries a gib key, which locks the ratchet wheel on the
stock or spindle in any required position, and by reversing the wheel and
pawl the ratchet can be worked either right or left as required.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN HEATING MALT KILNS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Swonnell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th July 1873.
I, GEORGE HENRY SWONNELL, of Nine Elms, in the County of Surrey,
Maltster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN HEATING MALT KILNS," to be as follows:-
The main object of my Invention is to reduce the cost of heating malt
kilns, and to use as fuel a substance which will not give off gases which
will be deleterious or hurtful to the malt.
The substance which I propose to use for generating heat is chalk or
carbonate of lime and in carrying out my Invention I first light a fire in
the furnace or fire-place in the ordinary manner with wood and coal, or
other combustible substance usually employed for such purposes, and
when the fire is well lighted I supply it from time to time with lumps of
chalks or carbonate of lime without the addition of any other fuel, and I
continue this supply of chalk or carbonate of lime throughout the day as
it may be required. The heat from the fire drives off the carbonic acid
from the lime or chalk, and the carbonic acid will be decomposed, and

page_text: converted into carbonic oxide, which being a combustible gas will burn
with a lambent flame and will give out great heat.
I find by experience that malt heated by a coal fire is apt to become
discolored by the gases evolved from the fire, but that when heat evolved
from the carbonate of lime is employed, no such deleterious action takes
place.
AN IMPROVED BUSH AND CLOSURE FOR HOLES OF CASKS OR ANALOGOUS VESSELS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John James Purnell and
Robert Gorrill at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 29th August 1873.
We, JOHN JAMES PURNELL and ROBERT GORRILL, both of No. 3,
Peacock Street, Newington Butts, in the County of Surrey, Engineers,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
BUSH AND CLOSURE FOR HOLES OF CASKS OR ANALOGOUS VESSELS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention is designed chiefly to afford a substitute for the bungs
at present commonly used for closing casks or barrels. In order to
close the hole in a cask or analogous vessel we line the hole with a
bush formed on its inner periphery or circumference, with lugs or pro-
jections, and with a flange or ledge to receive the elastic face or packing
of a suitable door or closure, which door or closure we form with lugs or
projections to enter between the lugs and the internal flange of the
bush, the lugs or projections being made with inclined faces, or curved
in a spiral direction, so that when the door or closure is turned into
position by a suitable key or wrench its face or bearing surface shall be

page_text: forced tightly against the internal flange or ledge of the bush, and
thereby effect the air-tight closing of the cask or vessel.
We in some cases provide a vont hole in our improved door or closure
in lieu of the ordinary vent holes formed in casks.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CLEANING THE SURFACE OF CLOTHS AND HIDES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred James Eastwood and
Richard Ainsworth at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 21st July 1873.
We, ALFRED JAMES EASTWOOD and RICHARD AINSWORTH, both of
Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Machine, Makers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR CLEANING THE SURFACE OF CLOTHS AND HIDES,” to be as follows :-
—
This Invention has for its object the construction of improved
machinery for cleaning the surface of cotton and other cloths by
removal of the "burrs," lumps, and other inequalities or impurities, and
rendering the surface of such cloth soft and glossy when required, and
likewise for cleaning or removing the hair from hides or skins.
Affixed to and extending across suitable framework are two or more
knives or edged instruments, between which the piece or hide to be
operated upon is passed. The office of the knives is to rough up the
"burrs" or lumps on fabrics or the hair on hides in order to facilitate
the efficient action or operation of the apparatus to be used for their
removal, which comprises a guide rail and adjustable guide rollers for

page_text: directing the piece evenly to a series of rollers clothed with wire cards.
The piece or hide after being operated upon by the cards passes forward
to a series of rollers covered with emery, thence forward to and between
circular rotating brushes, which remove the loose fibre or dust, and the
piece is folded or "cuttled" by ordinary oscillating apparatus.
The guide rollers herein referred to not only direct the piece to the
various rollers but also determine what proportion of the circumference
of the various rollers shall be covered by the piece, and so the amount
of carding and friction the piece or hide shall undergo is regulated at
will.
The machinery above described is enclosed or encased, and an exhaust
fan employed for with drawing the "floss" and discharging the same to a
room or
for the same