IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO THE MANUFAC- TURE OF METALLIC ALLOYS OF IRON, TUNGSTEN, MANGANESE, AND CHROME
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Browne, of the Firm of Browne and Company,
Patent Agents, of 5, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, in the County of
Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO THE MANUFAC-
TURE OF METALLIC ALLOYS OF IRON, TUNGSTEN, MANGANESE, AND CHROME."
A communication from abroad by Alexandre Jullien, Manager of the Foundries
and Forges Company of Terre Noire la Voulte and Bessèges, in the French
Republic.
led the 18th May 1877, and dated the 21st November 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Browne at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st November 1876.
"
ALEXANDER BROWNE, of the Firm of Browne and Company, Patent. Agents, of
5, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, in the County of Middlesex. IMPROVEMENTS
RELATING TO THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC ALLOYS OF IRON, TUNGSTEN,
MANGANESE, AND CHROME." A communication from abroad by Alexandre Jullien,
Manager of the Foundries and Forges Company of Terre Noire la Voulte and
Bessèges, in the French Republic.
The wolfrom, which in this Invention is employed as the mineral of tungsten
(but tungstate of lime may also be used), must be free from copper and antimony;
the presence of the last named is very rare, but pyrites of copper are very frequent.
This is the way to proceed:-The wolfrom is reduced to powder, and mixed with
powdered coals in order to reduce the tungstatic acid which it contains, after
having well ascertained its chemical composition, as well as that of the mixed ashes
of coal, a milk of silica is made to absorb as base the (Fe O and Mn O) of wolfrom
as well as the lime and magnesia which are always found in it, although they are in
small quantities. If necessary to add silica, felspar is used. P being the weight of
the milky material, 1/2 P of pulverized fluor spar is, added to it, which is the most
energetic base of basic silicates.
The mixture having been well mixed is put into a Siemens-Martin furnace with
underlayer of carbon made according to the methods indicated in the Specifications
of the communicator's previous Patent, No. 422, of 2nd February 1874.
The heat applied is moderate at first, and when the surface of the mixture looks
like enamel, which indicates the commencement of fusion I add, cold or warm, ferro-

page_text: manganese, in small fragments produced according to the said communicator's
previous Patented methods, described in the Specifications of the Patents dated 1st
May 1873, No. 1574; 5th July 1873, No. 2335; 2nd February 1874, No. 422; and
5th October 1874, No. 3396. The alloy forms immediately, and the material is
kept in perfect fusion for several hours. During this time the material is forcibly
and often stirred with iron rakes in order to facilitate the intimate mixture of
the two bodies so different as to density, viz., the ferro-manganese and the
wolfrom.
ず
It is advantageous to introduce as much ferro-manganese as possible in the alloy;
rich ferro-manganese should therefore be employed, and according to the richness in
tungsten desired so will be the quantity of ferro-manganese used.
Alloys of iron, manganese, and chrome are produced in a similar manner by the
same method of manufacture.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Alexander Browne in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 19th May
1877.
ALEXANDER BROWNE, of the Firm of Browne and Company, Patent Agents, of 5,
Southampton Buildings, Holborn, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS
RELATING TO THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC ALLOYS OF IRON, TUNGSTEN,
MANGANESE, AND CHROME." A communication from abroad by Alexander Jullien,
Manager of the Foundries and Forges Company of Ferre Noire la Voulte and
Bessiges, in the French Republic.
The wolfram, which in this Invention is employed as the mineral of tungsten,
but tungstate of lime may also be used, must be free from copper and antimony
the presence of the last named is very rare, but pyrites of copper are very
frequent.
This is the way to proceed:-The wolfram is reduced to powder, and mixed with
powdered coals in order to reduce the tungstatic acid which it contains after
having well ascertained its chemical composition as well as that of the mixed ashes
of coal a milk of silica is made to absorb as base, the (Fe O and Mn O) of wolfram
as well as the lime and magnesia which are always found in it, although they are
in small quantities. If necessary to add silica felspar is used. P being the weight
of the milky material 1/2 P of pulverized fluor spar is added to it, which is the most
energetic base of basic silicates.
This compound having been well mixed in all its parts, as desired and required,
is put into a Siemens-Martin furnace with under layer of carbon made according to
the method indicated in the Specification of the communicator's previous Patent,
No. 422, of 2nd February 1874.
The heat applied is moderate at first and when the surface of the mixture looks
like enamel which indicates the commencement of fusion cold or warm ferro-
nanganese is added in small fragments produced according to the said commu-
nicator's methods described in the Specifications of the Patents dated 1st May 1873,
No. 1574; 5th July 1873, No. 2335; 2nd February 1874, No. 422; and 5th October
1874, No. 3396. The agglomeration or alloy forms immediately the material is in
fusion in all its parts in several hours during this time the material is forcibly
and often stirred with iron rakes in order to facilitate the intimate mixture of
the two bodies so different as to density viz. the ferro-manganese and the
wolfrom.
'
It is advantageous to introduce as much manganese as possible in the alloy rich
ferro-manganese should therefore be employed and according to the richness in
tungsten desired so will be the quantity of ferro-manganese used.
Alloys of iron manganese and chrome are produced in a similar manner by the
same method of manufacture.

page_text: And having thus described the nature of this Invention I declare that I claim
the above described processes and the different alloys obtained thereby.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Browne, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Nineteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-seven.
ALEX. BROWNE. (L.S.)