IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING LIGHT, HEAT, AND VENTILATION, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES.
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Trachsel, Chemical Engineer, and
Thomas Clayton, Machinist, both of the City of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING LIGHT, HEAT, AND VENTILATION, PARTS OF
WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES.”.
Sealed the 24th April 1863, and dated the 3rd November 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Trachsel and
Thomas Clayton, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 3rd November 1862.
We, FREDERICK TRACHSEL, Chemical Engineer, and THOMAS CLAYTON,
Machinist, both of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING LIGHT, HEAT, AND VENTILATION,
PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists of various improvements upon an Invention for
which Letters Patent were granted to us, dated March 15, 1861, No. 652.
The said Invention was entitled "Improvements in the Manufacture of Gas,
and in the Apparatus employed therein," and consisted in certain improvements
in the mode of obtaining light, and in the apparatus for rendering atmospherio
air, hydrogen gas, carbonic oxide and other gases of various kinds luminous,

page_text: and in charging and impregnating them with matters of a volatile nature, sc
that the modified air or gases might be conveyed in pipes like other gases, and
might be burned at its issue from properly constructed burners. The supply
of air was obtained by the use of bellows, gasometers, reservoirs, fans, wind
air pumps, water power, water blast, or any other adequate blowing con-
trivance. The materials which we employed were any or all of those volatile
solids or fluids, such as camphor, ether, alcohol, turpentine, camphine, and
other essential oils, wood spirits, coal naptha, benzole, oils of wood, oils of
tar, paraffine oils, petroleum, caoutchine, or matters of a similar nature.
These matters were used either singly or in combination with each other, and
were better adapted for the purpose of impregnating air and gases with the
requisite amount of carbonaceous or hydro-carbonaceous particles when they
were further rectified by distillation at any heat below 212° of the thermometer.
Our present Invention consists, first, in an improved still for preparing the
liquid or compound of liquids specified in our first Patent. We employ a
cylinder or vessel closed at the top, having an outlet for vapours in the
usual form for stills, which vessel is made of copper or other suitable metal,
or of stoneware or glass. This vessel is immersed in another larger vessel
or open pan of iron or copper containing water or other liquid heated by a
fire from below or by a steam pipe, constituting what is commonly called a
"water-bath still."
Our improvement consists in the introduction of a current of air or gas into
the liquid of the inner vessel, whereby the evaporation of the fluids under-
going distillation is so hastened and modified as to produce new results;
the air or gases are admitted by a tube or pipe dipping in the liquid, and
terminating in a perforated rose bit, or a series of small holes in the pipe
under the level of the fluid. The air for this purpose is obtained from
bellows or other convenient air machine, and the gases to be employed
issue from weighted gasholders, or is driven by any blowing or forcing
apparatus with sufficient power to overcome the pressure of the fluid in the
inner vessel. The air or the gases may be heated in their passage through
the delivery tube by any convenient means, such as bending the tube to dip in
and issue again from the water or heated fluid of the outer case or vessel, or
by causing the tube to pass through a fire or a bath of melted metal, heated
oil, or heated saline solutions, according to the degree of heat that may be
required when operating on different substances. This improvement in distil-
lation is applicable not only to the production of spirits employed in obtaining
our light, but in the production of spirits of any description, and also for the
distillation or concentration of certain acids, such as acetic acid, or any oils

page_text: or oily matters, or any other matters capable of being treated. by this process
either in a water-bath, still, or with separate vessels.
Secondly, in the application of an outer casing to our generators or gene-
rating boxes where the gas is produced; this outer casing is of wood or metal,
and has an opening on each opposite side for the admission of a main air pipe
of metal. This pipe is open at the outer end for the admission of air, and passes
over the flame and through the lamps on the roof of the carriage, and is
intended to absorb some heat from the combustion of the gas, so as to modify
the temperature of the air passing through the tubes or pipes, and round the
generator or generators. Inside this main air pipe we place the gas pipe or
tube conveying the gas to the burners, and issuing from the main air pipe at
convenient places for the purpose of serving the lamps; this internal pipe is
thus protected from injury, and modified in temperature. On the outer
generator case, just described, we place another tube or pipe to convey the
air to the bellows underneath the carriage; this pipe completes the connection,
and enables a circulation of modified air to be drawn by the aspirating power
of the bellows through the lamps and generator case into the reservoir for air.
Thirdly, in the use of a supply box or regulator for the admission of the gas
liquor into the generator. This supply box is screwed on the generator by
means of a perforated brass or copper screw plug, and having a small conical
valve on the perforation, which regulates by means of a fine screw the
admission of the liquor. The tail or stem of this screw passes through a
stuffing box at the top of the reserve regulating box, and has a pointer or
index with stops at proper intervals.
Fourthly, when we apply the said gas for lighting railway carriages, we
supply the required current of air by means of the motion of the axles
of the carriage, thus making it self-acting, the air so obtained being used
to produce the gas or vapours required for the luminous and aeriform
composition claimed in our first Patent. The said self-acting apparatus
consists of and depends upon the action of a slack strap, rope, or chain,
or friction pulley working upon the carriage axle, either of which, when
stretched by a falling roller, actuates a pulley mounted upon a shaft carrying
à pinion which gears into a larger toothed wheel, on the axis of which is a
crank or eccentric; this crank or eccentric is employed to work, by means of a
connecting rod, a small pair of bellows, or several pairs if required, from whence
air is driven into a larger holder or bellows to serve as a reservoir of air. On
the top of the air reservoir a lever is jointed so to depress a roller on to the
slack strap, chain, or rope whenever the air reservoir is short of air, thus putting
the strap in a working condition.to communicate motion, and causing thereby

page_text: the feed bellows to work and deliver air. A friction break is also employed
to-act in an opposite direction to the falling roller, and connected to the same
lever, for the purpose of preventing over-winding or blowing any air when the
reservoir is full. Upon the shaft of the crank before mentioned for working
the bellows with a reciprocating motion there is a toothed wheel gearing into
another toothed wheel on a second shaft, in order to diminish the speed; the
second shaft terminates in a square near the side of the carriage, so that it
may be turned by a handle, and work the bellows when the carriage is
stationary. When the carriage is in motion this turning handle is not
required as the progressive motion of the vehicle is sufficient to supply as
much air as is required. This machine is also applicable to any shaft, axle,
or arbor in a mill or factory where motive power is employed.
.
Fifthly, in an improved mode of obtaining a current of air for the said
gas for stationary purposes, or on board of a ship. We generate the gas, as
already described, and employ a machine consisting of a barrel or roller upon
which a rope, chain, or band is wound, as in a clock, a weight at the other
end of the rope giving the requisite power, or a spring may be used inside the
barrel; and in order to gain more time and space for the weight, we use a
small pair of pulley blocks, one of which is fixed to the frame of the machine,
and the other block to the weight, using only the loose end of the rope on the
barrel, on the shaft of which barrel we place a loose toothed wheel with a catch
to fit in a ratchet wheel fixed to the drum or barrel. The main wheel works on
a short train of wheels and pinions to obtain the requisite diminution of the force
and increase of speed. We also use a machine similar to the above, but
with two cylinders or barrels of different diameters, and moving at the same
rate by equal gearing to obtain a differential action, whereby we dispense with
pulley blocks. In this machine one barrel takes up the rope at a slower speed
than it is delivered by the other so as to gain time and length of rope in the
same ratio as the difference of the diameters of our barrels. The train of wheels
and pinions in both these machines terminate in a crank or eccentric, a pulley,
or an endless screw, according as we use them to actuate a pair or more pairs
of bellows, a fan, or the hydraulic blower described hereafter..
Sixthly, in the application of an improved hydraulic blower for supplying
air to the said gas constructed on the plan of a hollow drum of suitable sheet
metal; the drum has four or more compartments. of a helical or cycloidal form
and connected with a central tube, through which air is delivered, the air being
gathered by slits in the periphery, and the drum being immersed half way
in water, oil, spirits of turpentine, petroleum, naptha, or any other convenient
liquid contained in the outer case of the drum. The air delivered at the centre

page_text: of the drum is passed into an air-tight chamber, from whence it is conveyed to
the generators.
Seventhly, in an improved fan for supplying air to the said gas. We place
or form upon the shaft of the internal impeller or blade drum an endless
screw with an angular section, or as it is called V-screw, and consisting of
two threads or of a greater number of threads; this endless screw receives a
rotary motion by means of a sharp toothed spur wheel, whereby a quick and
easy motion is obtained, dispensing with straps and multiplying wheels.
Eighthly, in an improved reflector, moveable cap, and wind vane for carriage
and other lamps where the said gas is used. The reflector is made of glass,
stoneware, china, or any other suitable ceramic material, and properly baked,
the reflecting surface of which is prepared with a metallic glaze, that is to
say, the surface of the reflector is covered with a metallic powder, such as
pulverized tin, silver, platinum, or gold, which is laid on and burnished, and
then protected with a transparent glaze, and the whole submitted to the heat
of a furnace so as to incorporate the metallic surface, the transparent glaze
and the body of the reflector in one solid mass, and as a reflector so made
cannot be affected by the heat of the flame from gas or oil in the lamp,
it will remain bright and efficient. We also use a lamp top in railway
carriages with a moveable cap and wind vane on the same side as the outlet
for the heated products of the combustion.
Ninthly, in improvements for obtaining heat and ventilation from the said
gas applicable to the warming and ventilation of any place, but more especially
for railway carriages and ships.
To accomplish this object we employ a generator for gas and an air machine
as before described, and cause a current of air to pass through a metallic box,
heated by ignited gas from a number of gas burners to any temperature that
may be desired, after which the heated air when used on railways is delivered
by pipes opening into the compartment of the carriage requiring to be warmed
and ventilated. The delivery of the warm air may be at the bottom of the
carriage under a grating or slit, and so distributed to the feet of the passengers.
And in order that the air so warmed may be healthful and beneficial, we pass
it after it has been heated through a pipe or box containing coke, pumice-
stone, pieces of cloth, flannel, sponges, or other suitable spongy and porous
matters kept continually moistened by a slow dripping of water, which
dropping may be regulated by a similar supply box or regulator as that
described in reference to the gas liquors or liquids; or it may be regulated
by a small stop-cock or the interposition of a cotton wick. This application
of moisture will prevent the objectionable burning, or dessication of the heated

page_text: air, which would be detrimental to the lungs of the passengers, and which so
often produces headaches, and great thirst where that precaution is neglected.
And, tenthly, in certain improvements in cooking operations. We use the air
and gas apparatus herein-before described to supply several burners under the
vessels employed in cooking food or heating substances for that purpose.
The burners may be arranged as when using coal gas, or in any convenient
manner.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Frederick Trachsel and Thomas Clayton in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 2nd May 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, FREDERICK
TRACHSEL, Chemical Engineer, and THOMAS CLAYTON, Machinist, both of the
City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of. November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Frederick Trachsel and Thomas Clayton, Her special licence that we,
the said Frederick Trachsel and Thomas Clayton, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said Frederick Trachsel and' Thomas
Clayton, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING LIGHT, HEAT, AND VENTILATION, PARTS
OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that we, the said Frederick Trachsel and Thomas
Clayton, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Frederick Trachsel and Thomas Clayton,

page_text: lo hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
he same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
n and by the following statement (that is to say) -
This Invention consists in various improvements upon an Invention for
which Letters Patent were granted to us, dated the Fifteenth day of March
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, No. 652. The said Invention.
was entitled "Improvements in the Manufacture of Gas, and in the Apparatus.
employed therein," and consisted in certain improvements in the mode of
obtaining light, and in the apparatus for rendering atmospheric air, hydrogen
gas, carbonic oxide and other gases of various kinds luminous, and in
charging and impregnating them with matters of a volatile nature, so that the.
modified air or gases might be conveyed in pipes like other gases, and might
be burned at its issue from properly constructed burners. The supply of air
was obtained by the; use of bellows, gasometers, reservoirs, fans, wind, air
pumps, water power, water blast, or any other adequate blowing contrivance.
The materials which we employed were any or all of those volatile solids or
fluids, such as camphor, ether, alcohol, turpentine, camphine,; and other
essential oils, wood, spirits, coal naptha, benzole, oils of wood, oils of tar,
paraffine oils, petroleum, caoutchine, or matters of a similar nature. These
matters were used either singly or in combination with each other, and were
better adapted for the purpose of impregnating air and gases with the requisite
amount of carbonaceous or hydro-carbonaceous particles when they were further
rectified by distillation at any heat below 212° of the thermometer...
+
Our present Invention consists, first, in an improved, still for preparing the
liquid or compound of liquids specified in our first Patent. We employ a
cylinder or vessel closed at the top, having an outlet for vapours in the usual
form for stills, which vessel is made of copper or other suitable metal,. or of
stoneware or glass. This vessel is immersed in another larger vessel or open
pan of iron or copper containing water or other liquid heated by a fire
from below or by a steam pipe, constituting what is commonly called a water-
bath still."
"
Our improvement consists in the introduction of a current of air.or gas into
the liquid of the inner vessel, whereby the evaporation of the fluids under-
going distillation is so hastened and modified as to produce new results; the
air or gases are admitted by a tube or pipe dipping in the liquid, and termi-
nating in a perforated rose bit, or a series of small holes in the pipe under
the level of the fluid. The air for this purpose is obtained from bellows or
other convenient air machine, and the gases to be employed issue from
weighted gasholders, or is driven by any blowing or forcing apparatus with

page_text: sufficient power to overcome the pressure of the fluid in the inner vessel.
The air or the gases may be heated in their passage through the delivery tube
by any convenient means, such as bending the tube to dip in and issue again
from the water or heated fluid of the outer case or vessel, or by causing the
tube to pass through a fire or a bath of melted metal, heated oil, or heated
saline solutions, according to the degree of heat that may be required when
operating on different substances. This improvement in distillation is appli-
cable not only to the production of spirits employed in obtaining our light, but
in the production of spirits of any description, and also for the distillation or
concentration of certain acids, such as acetic acid, or oils or oily matters, or any
other matters capable of being treated by this process either in a water bath,
still or with separate vessels.
Secondly, in the application of an outer casing to our generators or
generating boxes where the gas is produced; this outer casing is of wood or
metal, and has an opening on each side for the admission of a main air pipe
of metal. This pipe is open at the outer end for the admission of air, and
passes over the flame, and through the lamps on the roof of the carriage, and
is intended to absorb some heat from the combustion of the gas, so as to
modify the temperature of the air passing through the tubes or pipes, and
round the generator or generators. Inside this main air pipe we place the
gas pipe or tube conveying the gas to the burners, and issuing from the main
air pipe at convenient places for the purpose of serving the lamps; this
internal pipe is thus protected from injury, and modified in temperature. On
the outer generator case, just described, we place another tube or pipe to
convey the air to the bellows underneath the carriage; this completes the
connection, and enables a circulation of modified air to be drawn by the
aspirating power of the bellows through the lamps and generator case into
the reservoir for air.
Thirdly, in the use of a supply box or regulator for the admission of the
gas liquors into the generator. This supply box is screwed on the generator by
means of a perforated brass or copper screw plug, and having a small conical
valve on the perforation to regulate by means of a fine screw the admission of
the liquor. The tail or stem of this screw passes through a stuffing box at the
top of the reserve regulating box, and has a pointer or index with stops at
proper intervals.
Fourthly, when we apply the said gas for lighting railway carriages, we
supply the required current of air by means of the motion of the axles of the
carriage, thus making it self-acting, the air so obtained being used to produce
the gas or vapours required for the luminous and aeriform composition claimed

page_text: in our first Patent. The said self-acting apparatus consists of and depends
upon the action of a slack strap, rope, or chain, or friction pulley working upon
the carriage axle, either of which, when stretched by a falling roller, actuates
a pulley mounted upon a shaft carrying a pinion, which gears into a larger
toothed wheel, on the axis of which is a crank or eccentric; this crank or
eccentric is employed to work, by means of a connecting rod, a small pair of
bellows, or several pairs if required, from whence air is driven into a larger
holder or bellows to serve as a reservoir for air. On the top of the air reser-
voir a lever is so jointed as to depress a roller on to the slack strap, chain, or
rope whenever the air reservoir is short of air, thus putting the strap in a
working condition to communicate motion, and causing thereby the feed
bellows to work and deliver air. A friction break is also employed to act in
an opposite direction to the falling roller, and connected to the same lever, for
the purpose of preventing overwinding or blowing any air when the reservoir
is full. Upon the shaft of the crank before mentioned for working the
bellows with a reciprocating motion there is a toothed wheel gearing into
another toothed wheel on a second shaft, in order to diminish the speed; the
second shaft terminates in a square near the side of the carriage, so that it
may be turned by a handle, and work the bellows when the carriage is
stationary. When the carriage is in motion this turning handle is not
required, as the progressive motion of the vehicle is sufficient to supply as
much air as is required. This machine is also applicable to any shaft, axle,
or arbor in a mill or factory where motive power is employed.
Fifthly, in an improved mode of obtaining a current of air for the said gas
for stationary purposes, or on board of a ship. We generate the gas, as
already described, and employ a machine consisting of a barrel or roller, upon
which a rope, chain, or band is wound, as in a clock, a weight at the other
end of the rope giving the requisite power, or a spring may be used inside
the barrel; and in order to gain more time and space for the weight, we use
a small pair of pulley blocks, one of which is fixed to the frame of the
machine, and the other block to the weight, using only the loose end of the
rope on the barrel, on the shaft of which barrel we place a loose toothed
wheel with a catch to fit in a ratchet wheel fixed to the drum or barrel. The
main wheel works on a short train of wheels and pinions to obtain the
requisite diminution of the force and increase of speed. We also use a
machine similar to the above, but with two cylinders or barrels of different
diameters, and moving at the same rate by equal gearing to obtain a differential
action, whereby we dispense with pulley blocks. In this machine one barrel
takes up the rope at a slower speed than it is delivered by the other so as to

page_text: gain time and length of rope in the same ratio as the difference of the
diameters of our barrels. The train of wheels and pinions in both these
machines terminate in a crank, eccentric, a pulley, or an endless screw, accord-
ing as we use them to actuate a pair or more pairs of bellows.
Sixthly, in the application of an improved hydraulic blower for supplying
air to the said gas constructed on the plan of a hollow drum of suitable sheet
metal; the drum has four or more compartments of a helical or cycloidal
form, and connected with a central tube, through which air is delivered, the
air being gathered by slits in the periphery, and the drum being immersed
half way in water, oil, spirits of turpentine, petroleum, naptha, or any other
convenient liquid contained in the outer case of the drum. The air delivered
at the centre of the drum is passed into an air-tight chamber, from whence it
is conveyed to the generators.
. Seventhly, in an improved fan for supplying air to the said gas.
We place
or form upon the shaft of the internal impeller or blade drum an endless
screw with an angular section, or as it is called V-screw, and, consisting of
two threads or of a greater number of threads; this endless screw receives a
rotary motion by means of a sharp toothed spur wheel, whereby a quick and
easy motion is obtained, dispensing with straps and multiplying wheels.
Eighthly, in an improved reflector, moveable cap, and wind vane for.
carriage and other lamps where the said gas is used. The reflector is made
of glass, stoneware, china, or any other suitable ceramic material, and properly
baked, the reflecting surface of which is prepared with a metallic glaze, that
is to say, the surface of the reflector is covered with a metallic powder, such
as pulverized tin, silver, platinum, or gold, which is laid on and burnished,
and then protected with a transparent glaze, and the whole submitted to the
heat of a furnace so as to incorporate the metallic surface, the transparent
glaze, and the body of the reflector in one solid mass; and as a reflector so
made cannot be affected by the heat of the flame from gas or oil in the lamp
it will remain bright and efficient. We also use a lamp top in railway
carriages with a moveable cap and wind vane on the same side as the outlet
for the heated products of the combustion.
Ninthly, in improvements for obtaining heat and ventilation from the said
gas applicable to the warming and ventilation of any place, but more especially
for railway carriages and ships. To accomplish this object we employ a
generator for gas and an air machine, as before described, and cause a current
of air to pass through a metallic box heated by ignited gas from a number of
gas burners to any temperature that may be desired, after which the heated
air when used on railways is delivered by pipes opening into the compartment

page_text: of the carriage requiring to be warmed and ventilated. The delivery of the
warm air may be at the bottom of the carriage under a grating, or slit and so
distributed to the feet of the passengers.
And in order that the air so warmed
may be healthful and beneficial, we pass it after it has been heated through
a pipe or box containing coke, pumicestone, pieces of cloth, flannel, sponges,
or other suitable spongy and porous matters kept continually moistened by a
slow dropping of water, which dropping may be regulated by a similar supply
box or regulator as that described in reference to the gas liquors or liquids;
or it may be regulated by a small stop-cock or the interposition of a cotton
wick, this application of moisture will prevent the objectionable burning or
dessication of the heated air, which would otherwise be detrimental to the lungs
of the passengers, and which so often produces headaches and great thirst
where that precaution is neglected.
;
And, tenthly, in certain improvements in cooking operations. We use the
air and gas apparatus herein-before described to supply several burners
under the vessels employed in cooking food or treating substances for that
purpose. The burners may be arranged as when using coal, gas, or in any
convenient manner.
In order to render some of the parts of this Invention more easily understood
we annex the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, with letters of reference
marked thereon, the letters referring to each part separately.
Figs. 1 and 2 are front and side views of one of our improved arrangements,
in which one of the carriage axles is employed to work the machine for
blowing air. The carriage axle is shewn at a, over which and over the
pulley b is passed the strap c, which is slack when not depressed by the pressure
roller d. The pulley 6 has deep flanges and is fixed to the shaft e, working
in bearings in the framework f. To the shaft or to the pulley is fixed the
pinion g, gearing into the toothed wheel on the shaft i, working in bearings
in the frame fat a speed proportionate to the diameters of the pinion and
toothed wheel. To the end of the shaft i is fixed a crank k, connected by the
rod with the bellows n, below the valve of which there is a tube o, through
which air is drawn from any part of the carriage and from any dessicating
box that may be found advisable; the other end of the bellows communicates
with the reserve air holder. The pressure roller d is connected to one end
of the bent lever p, which has at its other end a pin 9, capable of sliding in
the slot r at one end of the lever s, the other end of which is sufficiently
lengthened to rest upon a large reserve air holder shaped similar to an organ
bellows or made of india-rubber, and placed in any convenient part of the
carriage. When the air holder is full it raises that end of the lever s, and

page_text: depresses its other end, which depresses the pin q, and raises the pressure
roller d from the strap, and makes it slack, so that it slips round the axle a,
and the motion of the bellows is stopped; but when the reserve air holder
is not acting on the lever s, that end falls and raises the pin q, and depresses
the pressure roller upon the strap, so as to tighten it and put the pulley
in action, and consequently the bellows. The pulley b is provided with a
stop brake consisting of the bent lever t, having its top end rounded or provided
with a roller u, against which the lever s presses when the reserve air holder
is full, and places the long end of the lever in a horizontal position.
Our improvements in gas generators are shewn in Fig. 3.. a represents
a generating box or gas generator, having compartments filled with sponges
or other material as described in our former Patent, proper and alternate
apertures being made in the partitions to allow the passage of air from one
compartment to the other in a backward and forward or zig-zag direction.
b is the reservoir for gas liquor or spirits, and c a stop-cock placed in the tube
communicating with the reservoir and the generator, which cock is to be
closed when the reservoir is being filled. In Figs. 4 and 5 we represent front
and side views of our improved hydraulic blower, and in Fig. 6 the drum of
the blower drawn to an enlarged scale. We employ a barrel or roller a, and
'wind upon it a chain or rope which supports a weight used as a prime mover
for giving motion to the blower. The barrel is fixed to the shaft c, working
in bearings in the end frames d, and to the shaft is fixed the main toothed
wheel e, gearing into the pinion ƒ on the shaft g, which works in bearings in
the frames d, and has fixed to it the pinion h, and also the friction pulley i,
acted on by the brake r connected to the bent lever s, resting on the flexible
air vessel t, which is capable of rising or falling according to the quantity and
pressure of air in the service pipes with which the tube u is connected. The
drum of the blower is shewn at k, Fig. 4, and an enlarged transverse
section of it in Fig. 6. The drum consists entirely of helical chambers opened
at each end and of such a curve as to trap the air whenever the mouth of each
chamber comes down upon the surface of the water contained in the outer
case opened to the air, which is filled to about half its height the central end
of the chambers deliver the air into the next air-tight compartment using a
leather valve or a central S tube. Revolving motion is imparted to the drum
from the pinion h, Fig. 4, by the intervention of the wheel l on the shaft of
the drum and another wheel m placed sufficiently high to be above the
level of the water in the case n of the blower. At the side of the case n
there is an air chamber o, communicating with the interior of the drum or
blower by a central tube, the chamber having at the top the exit pipe q.

page_text: In Fig. 7 we represent a clock motion for actuating a small fan used in
supplying air to portable gas lamps. a represents an endless screw, which is
polished and rounded between the threads; b, a spur wheel to give motion to
the screw; c and d, pinions mounted on the shafts of their respective wheels ;
and e and multiplying wheels, all being put in motion by a spring or weight
connected to the barrel g. The plates or blades forming the impellers of the
fan are shewn at h, and the case of the fan at i. This arrangement is applicable
to fans used for other purposes.
Having now fully described the nature and particulars of our said Invention,
and the manner in which same is to be performed, we desire it to be understood
that we claim, the improvements in machinery or apparatus for obtaining
light, heat, and ventilation, and the application of parts of the same to various
other useful purposes, as all such are herein described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Frederick Trachsel and Thomas Clayton,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this First day of May, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
FREDERICK TRACHSEL. (L.S.)
THOMAS CLAYTON.
(L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the within-
named Frederick Trachsel and Thomas
Clayton in the presence of
E. J. HUGHES,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.