IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING WOOLLEN AND OTHER WARPS
Year: 1837

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, DAVID
SHAW and BENJAMIN LEDGER SHAW, of Huddersfield and Honley, in the
County of York, Manufacturers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Fourteenth day of November, in the first year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said David
Shaw and Benjamin Ledger Shaw, Her especial licence, full power, sole
privilege and authority, that we, the said David Shaw and Benjamin Ledger
Shaw, our exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as we, the said David
Shaw and Benjamin Ledger Shaw, our exors, admors, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the
term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed,
my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING WOOLLEN AND OTHER WARPS;"
in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that we, the said David
Shaw and Benjamin Ledger Shaw or one of us, shall cause a particular
description of the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be inrolled in. Her said Majesty's High Court of

page_text: Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference
being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
David Shaw and Benjamin Ledger Shaw, do hereby declare the nature
of our Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed
aro fully described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof,
reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures
and letters marked thereon (that is to say):-
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Sheet 1.-Figure 1 represents a side elevation of a warping machine, to
which part of our improvements are applied; and Figure 2, a plan of the same,
but drawn on a smaller scale. A' is a creel in which the cops are placed; A
are the cops. The threads are conducted through the loops B, and over friction
wires and rollers C, to the raddle D. E is a grate with as many bars as
there are rollers C, by which the threads which come through the raddle D
aro divided. F is an expanding leasing raddle, which is supported in any con-
venient way; G is a raddle which conducts the threads to the drums H and I,
which draw the yarn from the creel, and, in the act of drawing, measure the
lengths of yarn and mark the same. The drum H is a measuring drum.
Upon the cylinder or drum H is a marking apparatus P, which is a small piece
of wood covered on the surface with cloth so as to hold some of the marking
paste which it receives from the roller M every revolution of the drum H.
The marker P is kept up to its place by a spring Q at the back, so that when
it comes in contact with the roller M, it presses upon it so as to receive a
portion of marking, paste, which it gives off to the yarn as it
passes between
the rollers H and I. The trough N contains the paste or other marking
composition (that I use is oil and whitening), and the roller M is turned round
in it by a belt from a pully on the main shaft R, so as to keep the roller
always supplied with paste. The shaft R gives motion to the whole of the
machinery from the pulley S². S is a loose pulley on which the strap is
placed, when the machine is to be stopped. L is an indicator, which receives
its motion from the shaft R, by means of the worm and wheel T, which
indicates the number of "strings" (ten feet) up to sixty, it having sixty cogs,
while the indicator L shows how many times sixty are on the receiving
drum X. The axle of the drum I is carried by the framing J, which framing
moves on an axis at J; and J' is a curved rack affixed to the framing J;
and the wheel or pinion K', affixed on the axis of the lever handle K', will allow

page_text: of the workman raising or lowering the drum I, in order to put the yarns
between the drums I and H. O is a pully to which there is a belt from the
pulley Y, from which the receiving drum X receives its motion; the pulleys O
and Y have flanges or shields to prevent the belt from coming off as it slips on
the pulleys, which will be the case as the diameter of the receiving drum X in-
creases; for it will be seen, that the yarns will be held between the drums H, I,
and the receiving drum can only wind as fast as it is delivered from the drums
H. I. V is another expanding raddle to distribute the threads on the receiving
drum X; and W is a roller to keep the warp from rising out of the raddle
V is the drum X falls with warp. Z are the wheels on which the frame
which carries the drum X is supported; and 6 is a guide wheel, by means of
which the drum X, and the warp thereon, can be conveyed to any part of the
room. We would remark, that it will be evident, that the marking and
recording apparatus herein described may in some of the parts be varied, and
yet retain the substance of this first part of our Invention, which con-
sists in the application of the measuring rollers. or drums H, I, with.
suitable apparatus P, Q, M, N, T, L, for marking and registering the
lengths of yarn of a warp as they are wound on to a roller or rollers, as above
described; but we make no claim to the parts separately.
Sheet 2.-Figures 3 and 4 represent the receiving cylinder X, drawn on a.
larger scale) brought from the former machinery, in the act of giving off the yarn
on to one of six other drums, beams, or cylinders, there being an indicator upon
the drum X to record or register the length wound off from that drum X on.
the drum e. X is the receiving drum or cylinder containing the yarn upon it.
The pully Y, which was made use of to wind on the yarn in the former using.
of the drum X, is now used as a friction pulley, regulated by the weight on the:
lever a to keep the threads y of the warp tight when the same is being drawn.
off X and wound on the drums 6. W is a roller to keep the warp level. F, a:
leasing expanding raddle to take the lease at the end of each part of the warp.
d, another roller, to keep the warp level while the drums are filling. h is a
wheel or drum to measure the warp off the cylinder X. 9 is an indicator;
recording the number of marks made in the previous process gone on to the
drum e, by which the attention of the workman to count the number of marks.
as they come off the drum X is not required to be constant. The warp on
the drum X, when it has to be put on to six other drums e, is to be divided,
into six equal parts, each sixth being wound on to a separate roller or drum e;
or in some cases the warp. has to be divided on to more or less rollers or
drums; but in all cases it is important that the workman should know when:
the sixth or other quantity of the warp has been wound off ✗ on to one of the

page_text: rollers c, or the workman would have to count the marks as they come off the
drum X, in order, when one-sixth or other part of the length has come off, he
may stop the machine and cut the yarns, and proceed to fill the next roller
or drum, which is to be brought into position to receive the next quantity of
the yarn.
Sheet 8.-Figures 5 and 6 shew another modo by which we take the yarn
from the receiving drum X on to separate beams, which, when full, are removed
and placed in a frame, as shewn in Sheet 4 and Sheet 5. The receiving drum
in Sheet 8 is the same as described and shewn in Sheets 1 and 2. A is a
roller to support the yarn in a proper position in the raddle F. B is the
beam, with flanges at each end. C is the arrangement of gear for turning the
beam B. C is the frame. When the beam B is full, another is put in its
place, and so we proceed till the whole is taken off the receiving drum X. The
beams B are next placed in a frame, by which they are supported, as shewn in
Sheets 4 and 6. 9 is the frame. 8, 8, are friction pulleys, over which there
is a strap or belt tightened by a thumb screw 10, as shewn. 7, 7, are wheels
on which the frame is carried to allow of their being conveniently removed.
The yarn is next conducted through the expanding raddle A, and so on as
hereafter described, through the sizing trough over the rollers to the loom
beam.
Z, Z, and Sheets 4 and 5, are the wheels on which the frame containing
the drums & is fixed, and by which the machine is conducted to any part of the
room required. i is the main driving shaft, upon which are the pinion wheels f,
running in gear upon the toothed flanges of the drums e, which drums aro
loose on the shaft P. All the pinions ƒ are loose on the shaft i, and are
fastened by a screw when required to turn the drums o. The bosses of the
pinions have each a loose projecting boss, with a strap and screw, which act
as breaks or friction bands when the yarns are drawn of the rollers or
druins e, which enable the workman to keep the marks on the yarn opposite
each to other in coming off all the rollers or beams e, and at an equal tension,
so that all the yarns will finish at the same time. The frame, containing the
whole of the six drums e, with the whole of the warps upon them, is next
removed in front of the sizing machine, as shewn at Sheet 4 and 5, through
which the yarn is conducted and forwarded through or over the drying
machine, shewn in Sheet 5. A is an expanding raddle large enough to hold
the whole of the warp from the drums c, which is conveyed over the
roller B, and between the rollers in the trough c, which contains the size; it
next proceeds between the rollers D and E, by which the superabundant size
is squeezed out. I and J are two steam cases to warm the size. H is the

page_text: steam pipe, with two taps, so that one or both may be open as may be
required. At the other end of the steam cases I and J is another pipe, with
taps to take away the water and spare steam. L is an upright shaft, with
bevelled wheels on it, and receives its motion from the shaft M, and gives it
to the bevelled wheel K on the shaft of the roller D. The rollers D and E
draw the warp from the drums e. On the shaft F is a worm driving the
wheel G by means. of the handle at the-end of the worm shaft F. The
wheel G is on a shaft that supports the roller E by means of two rods
coming down, and connected at the bottom to. two levers that are fast
on the shaft on which is the wheel G. These two levers are so con-
structed as to allow more weight to be added or taken off at the pleasure of
the workman; the worm and wheel is to raise the roller E off the roller D.
The warp N being divided into four healds, each of the divisions of warp.
pass from the rollers D and E in the direction of N, N, N, N, to the rollers
0, 0, 0, 0, and over the rollers Q to the rollers 0, 0, 0, 0, from thence.
under the roller Z. R are bars or rollers of wood, which with the rollers Q
on which they move, are covered with a sheet of indian rubber or cloth. S is.
an upright shaft, bar, or spindle with four levers to hold the rubbing bars.
T is a slot for the eccentric U to work in, the pin being made to alter or adjust
so as to vary the length of motion of the rubbing bars R, upon the threads
passing between them and rollers Q. The pin receives its motion from the
arrangement of gear W,X, and Y. The screw V is to lift off and regulate
the rubbing bars. By this vibrating motion, which may also be given to the
rollers Q, the threads are rubbed or rolled whilst in a partially wet state (the
splitting rollers prevent the adhesion of the threads), and the threads are.
thereby rendered better able to endure the subsequent friction.
small pressing rollers. The threads passing under each of the rollers Z.
meet together again at the roller a, and are carried forward in the
direction of the arrows by the bottom rollers 6; these rollers are turned
by the bevelled wheels, so that the warp is taken forward over the
roller sa, and under the rollers b, until it comes to the rollers d, where:
it is again opened as before; its further progress is easily traced on the
Drawing till it comes in front of the healds, where it is again divided by-three
small rollers . Note, the rollers a and 6 have bars on their surfaces, as is
shewn, such bars being covered with tin, by which the threads only touch the
bars as the rollers a and b, as is clearly indicated by the Drawing. And note,
when the warp requires dressing, I apply the apparatus. shewn in blue lines,.
and drive the same by suitable straps and wheels (see Sheet 5 of the Drawing),
otherwise the dressing apparatus is not applied. The warp next passes through
P are

page_text: an expanding raddle P, by which the yarn or warp is set the width required
on the loom beam r. The rollers c, c, c, c, and d, d, d, d, are so arranged as t
make the distances of all the divisions equal in length from the rollers 6', b
to d', d., are two foot boards for the workman to stand upon wher
putting in the rollers, and to pass through to the opposite side of the machine
When the loom beam r is as full as it is required to bo, a lease is taken a
the healds m, the warp is then cut off at t, the beam exchanged for an
empty one, and so we proceed till the warp is finished. is the listing yard
frame. 9, g, are listing cops. h is a wire loop. i is a friction break. j is a
small plate with holes in for each thread of listing yarn, which moves in a slot
so as to set the list to the edge of the warp, as the width of warp may vary.
The rollers n support the healds, and the lever o works them when taking the
lease. u is the main pulley, with a pinion wheel, one side giving motion to
the spur wheel v. The shaft M is driven by bevelled wheels W from the
shaft on which the wheel v is fixed. is a pully at the end of the same
shaft that turns the pully y by means of a belt. Upon the boss of the
pully y is a pinion wheel giving motion to the spur wheel, which carries the
beam round. (4), (4) is an iron rod, all along the side of the framework, which,
being connected by rods (5), (5), with the handles (6), (6), also with the
strap guide (2), by lever (3), enables the workman to throw off the strap and
stop the machine at either of these places (6), (6). The pulley u gives motion
to the whole machine. The heat for the purpose of drying the warp is
obtained from steam pipes or steam cases under the machine, or by the circu-
lating of hot water in pipes or cases, or by hot air, as is well understood and
forms no part of our Invention.
Having thus described the second part of our Invention, we would have it
understood that we lay no claim to the parts separately, and the arrangement
of the parts may in some degree be varied without departing from this part of
our Invention; and in order to dress such descriptions of warps as may require
that process after they have been sized, we apply a dressing apparatus, as
shewn in the Drawing, Sheet 5, by which the yarn will be dressed previously
to coming to the loom beam.
But what we claim as the second part of our Invention is, the mode of
combining the mechanical parts into a machine whereby the whole width of
warp may be sized, rolled, dried, (and if necessary) dressed and wound on to s
loom beams above described, which combination essentially consists of tho
mode of employing the splitting or separating rollers e, c, d, d, with a sizing
apparatus, the applying of the rubbing rollers or bars R, Q, with a sizing
apparatus, with a suitable arrangement of rollers a, b, for drying the yarns as

page_text: they proceed to the loom beam, and the employment of suitable apparatus for
dressing the same when requisite.
In witness whereof, I, the said Benjamin Ledger Shaw, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of May, One thousand eight
hundred and thirty-eight.