A NEW AND IMPROVED PROCESS OF TREATING SKINS IN ORDER TO SEPARATE THEREFROM THE HAIR AND WOOL, AND IN THE PREPARATION OF THE HAIR FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS
Year: 1867

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to Henri Adrien Bonneville, of the British and Foreign
Patent Offices, 24, Rue du Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France,
and 38, Porchester Terrace, Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, for the Invention of "A NEW AND IMPROVED PROCESS OF
TREATING SKINS IN ORDER TO SEPARATE THEREFROM THE HAIR AND WOOL, AND
IN THE PREPARATION OF THE HAIR FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS."-A
communication from Auguste Frayssé, junior, residing at No. 5, Rue
Croix des Petits Champs, in Paris aforesaid, Chemist.
Sealed the 24th March 1868, and dated the 28th September 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henri Adrien Bonneville
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th September 1867.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices,
24, Rue du Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France, and 38, Porchester.
Terrace, Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex,. Patent Agent, do hereby.
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW AND IMPROVED PROCESS OF
TREATING SKINS IN ORDER TO SEPARATE THEREFROM THE HAIR AND WOOL, AND IN
THE PREPARATION OF THE HAIR FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS," & communication
from Auguste Frayssé, junior, a person resident at No. 5, Rue Croix, des
Petits Champs, in Paris aforesaid, Chemist, to be as follows:-
The Invention communicated to me relates to a new and improved process
of treating skius in order to separate therefrom the hair and the wool, as: also

page_text: the preparation of the hair for the manufacture of hats, and consists in
obtaining the formation in the very tissue of the skin, contrary to what has
been done up to the present day of sulpbydrate, sulphur of calcium, fit
for a complete depilation. To effect this a solution of soluble sulphur, such as
the sulphur of sodium, of potassium, of ammoniac, of baryte, of strontium, but
preferably the first, yielding by its contact with the lime a sulphur of calcium,
is slightly spread on the skin on that side next to the flesh, and then another
layer of lime white, which on penetrating into the skin in the same way as the
sulphur creates internally the sulpbydrate of sulphur of calcium. After this
operation the wool or the hair detaches itself from the skin when shaken, and
in order to prepare the hair for the manufacture of hats it is then merely
necessary to friction the same with a hard brush dipped in the solution of
sulphur.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Henri Adrien Bonneville in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 27th March 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRI
ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices, 24, Rue du
Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France, and 38, Porchester Terrace,
Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by. Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Henri Adrien Bonneville, Her special licence that I, the said Henri
Adrien Bonneville, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Henri Adrien Bonneville, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "A NEW AND IMPROVED PROCESS OF TREATING SKINS IN ORDER TO SEPARATE
THEREFROM THE HAIR AND WOOL, AND IN THE PREPARATION OF THE HAIR FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF HATS," a communication from Auguste Frayssé, junior, a
person resident at No. 5, Rue Croix des Petits Champs, in Paris aforesaid,
Chemist, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Henri Adrien
Bonneville, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing

page_text: under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great.
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henri Adrien Bonneville, do hereby:
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to:
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
The Invention communicated to me relates to a new and improved process
of treating skins in order to separate therefrom the hair and the wool, as also:
the preparation of the hair for the manufacture of hats, and consists in
obtaining the formation in the very tissue of the skin, contrary to what has
been done up to the present day, of sulphydrate, sulphur of calcium, fit for a
complete depilation. To effect this a solution of soluble sulphur, such as the
sulphur of sodium, of potassium, of ammoniac, of baryte, of strontium, but
preferably the first, yielding by its contact with the lime a sulphur of calcium,
is lightly spread on the skin on that side next to the flesh, and then another
layer of lime white, which on penetrating into the skin in the same way as
the sulphur creates internally the sulphydrate of sulphur of calcium. After
this operation the wool or the hair detaches itself from the skin when shaken,
and in order to prepare the hair for the manufacture of hats it is then merely
necessary to friction the same with a hard brush dipped in the solution of
sulpbur.
Having thus described the principle of the said Invention, I will now more
fully explain the mode of proceeding according to the species of skins to be
treated. The skins of rabbits, hares, rats, and beavers are treated in the usual
manner so far as the first.operations are concerned; a layer is then applied on
the flesh side in sufficient quantity of sulphur of calcium obtained by the
decomposition of a sulphydrate of sodium, or of potassium, or aluminium, or
of manganese, barium, or of ammoniac, of sulphur, of arsenic, or of a solution
of sulphuretted hydrogen.
:
In order to produce this sulphur of calcium a layer of the sulphur solution
must be first of all spread over the skin on the flesh side, and then one of
lime white, or vice versâ, first the lime white, then the sulphur. In the
course of a few hours, according to the thickness of the skin, the hair easily
comes off.
After depilating, I place the skin in the lime water, where it
remains as long as needs be, so that the flesh side and the hair side be well
worked. I then cleanse the skin with pure water of all the lime water it may

page_text: contain before putting it into the trough in order to undergo the process of
tanning with bark and sumach; and, for the white leather trade with alum.
After being perfectly tanned the skin is dressed and coloured according to its
intended use.
I subunit the skins of oxen, cows, sheep, lambs, horses, goats, kids, and
such like to the same process. The layer of sulphur or sulphydrate is first of
all applied on the flesh side, and then the layer of lime white. The quantity
to be employed is determined by the thickness of the skin. The wool or the
hair is then depilated without injuring either, and the skin put in the lime
water, commonly called "lime pit." After leaving therein the skin a
sufficient length of time it is tanned and dressed as in the usual manner.
It will be seen by the foregoing description that the said Invention consists
in the novel application of the sulphuretted sulphydrate of calcium produced
in the very tissue of the skin, for, 1°, depilating the hair of rabbits, hares,
rats, and beavers to be used in the manufacture of hats; 2°, depilating wool;
3°, obtaining a new commercial produce, the leather of rabbits and hares;
4°, manufacturing all kinds of leather.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention and the manner
of carrying the same into effect, what I claim and wish to secure by Letters
Patent is,―
1°. The use of the sulphuretted sulphydrate of calcium engendered in the
very tissue of the skin for depilating.
2°. The leather obtained by means of this process with the skins of rabbits,
hares, rats, and beavers.
. 3°. The preparation of the hair to be used in the manufacture of hats with
a solution of sulphur.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henri Adrien Bonneville, have hereunto set
my
hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
H. BONNEVILLE. (LS.)