matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO LOCKS, BOLTS, AND LIKE FASTENINGS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Hamilton Thomson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th January 1876.
EDWARD HAMILTON THOMSON, of 5, Bolton Road, St. John's Wood, in the
County of Middlesex, Electrical Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE
TO LOCKS, BOLTS, AND LIKE FASTENINGS."
My improvements have reference to novel means for locking or unlocking, and
for moving lock, bolt, and like fastenings so as to ensure greater security to articles
placed in receptacles and apartments, and consist essentially in the employment of
air above atmospheric pressure, or a partial vacuum to move or operate the locking
mechanism, which locking mechanism is or may be of any ordinary or convenient
construction.
.
In applying my Invention in practice to act by air pressure on the lock of, say, a
satchel, the parts are combined and operated in manner following:-A small
flexible chamber with a movable piece is connected to the lock, bolt, or catch,
and from the said flexible or other chamber a tube of small diameter passes to
an air compresser. The air compresser, which may be an elastic hollow sphere, is
secreted or secured about the apparel of the wearer, say in the pocket, and upon
pressure being given thereto air at pressure is caused to travel through the tube
into the flexible or other air chamber connected to the lock, bolt, or catch, and
move the securing bolt or mechanism so as to cause or allow of opening or closing
of the satchel.
My said Invention can be applied to fastenings on bags, purses, pockets, and
containers carried by persons, and also to locking and other securing mechanism
on doors and like barriers situated at a distance from the place where the air is
compressed.
A NEW OR IMPROVED PEN AND HOLDER COMBINED
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jolm Motherwell at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th August 1876.
JOHN MOTHERWELL, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britian,
Optician. "A NEW OR IMPROVED PEN AND HOLDER COMBINED."
This Invention ielates to a new or improved construction of combined pen and
holder, specially adapted for being formed of glass, but which may also be formed
of metals, the advantages of which are great durability and freedom from corrosion,
as well as possessing great beauty with cleanliness and lightness, and are always
ready for use
And the nature and novelty of the Invention consist in making the holder or
stem of tubular glass, hermetically sealed at the upper end with the blow pipe, and
making the nib or pen part of a solid piece of corrugated glass tapered to a point,
and attached or sealed by the blow pipe to the lower end of the stem or holder,
and twisted into a spiral form of an inch or inch and half in length, and which is
then toughened by the ordinary process of toughening glass This nib or pen part
however might be made of three, four, or more small cylindrical pieces of glass
joined as before stated to the lower end of the hollow stem, and twisted and joined
together at the point, instead of being made of a solid piece of corrugated glass,
either form giving the necessary capillary attraction for the ink when dipped into
it, and allowing it to flow gradually to the point as desired.
This pen and holder is also capable of being made or used as a fountain pen, by
filling the ink through a hole in the side of the tubular holder, this hole being
covered with a small sliding tubular piece of india-rubber, with a small outlet hole
or holes made through the lower end of the hollow stem, so that when the point of
the finger or thumb is pressed against the india-rubber over the hole in the side
when writing, the ink flows out through these outlet holes on to and down the
grooves or spirals to the point
When not used as a fountain pen the hollow stem may be used as a means of
advertising by inserting into it a plain or ornamental ticket or label bearing the
name and address of the maker or seller, and when the twisted point is made of
metal it is electro-plated with gold or other anti-corrosive metal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Cornell at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th April 1876.
ALFRED CORNELL, of 30, Church Street, Maidstone, in the County of Kent.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES."
My improvements consist in so constructing the skate as to enable the skater to
perform curves with greater facility than at present.
Six wheels are fixed on an ordinary roller skate stock, three of which are placed
under the toes and three under the heel. The centre wheel of each three to be as
large as convenient, and in a direct line with each other. These two are for straight
skating. The two side wheels under the toes to be one size smaller round than
the centre ones, and the two side wheels under the heel to be two sizes smaller than
the centre onc. The side wheels to be fixed at a slight angle to the centre ones.
The side wheels under the toes are a little less prominent than the centre one, and
are not brought into use unless the skater leans a little on either side. The side
wheels under the licel are still Jess prominent, and are not brought into use unless
the skater leans still more on either side and a sharper curve is required.
The four-wheel skates are made precisely the same as the six, with the exception
of the two side wheels under the heel.
The speciality of this Invention is the side wheels being fixed at the required
angles for curves enables the skater to skate round on fixed wheels.
India-rubber pads are placed on the foot stock, which makes the skates run light
and smoothly.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TREATING PARAFFINE AND OTHER FATS OR FATTY MATTERS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick George Morton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th October 1876.
FREDERICK GEORGE MORTON, of No. 3, New Cross Road, Deptford, in the County
of Surrey, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TREATING PARAFFINE
AND OTHER FATS OR FATTY MATTERS."
This Invention relates to apparatus to be used in separating the oil and coloring
matter from paraffine, and the separation from each other of the constituents of
other fats or fatty matters whose constituents have different melting points.
For this purpose I employ a tank or vessel divided into compartments or
chambers through which a shaft passes which carries gouge-shaped stirrers or
agitators, and over the compartments or chambers I arrange a roof or cover of slats
or bars having spaces between them which may be opened or closed at will, the
curve of which roof or cover is struck from the axis of the shaft which carries the
stirrers or agitators. After treatment with water suitably heated in this apparatus
the fats or fatty matters may be further treated in perforated boxes or cases in a
tank of water heated by steam or otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING SHEETS OF LEAD, TIN, COPPER, OR OTHER METAL OR METALLIC COMPOUND, AND SHEETS OF TWO OR MORE METALS OR METALLIC COMPOUNDS COMBINED IN LAYERS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William McArthur at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th November 1876.
WILLIAM MCARTHUR, of Johnstone, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING SHEETS OF LEAD, TIN,
COPPER, OR OTHER METAL OR METALLIC COMPOUND, AND SHEETS OF TWO OR
MORE METALS OR METALLIC COMPOUNDS COMBINED IN LAYERS."
This Invention has for its object the making of sheets of single metals, or com-
pounds, or of two or more metals or compounds combined in layers.
The essential feature of the improved machinery is a kind of lever compresser
which, formed with a curved acting face and centered on journals, is by an oscillating
motion made to compress the metal between its face and an opposing fixed or
moving face.
The metal operated on may be in a cold, or heated, or semi-molten condition,
according to its nature or other circumstances, and it may be fed towards and past
the lever compresser or compressers by hand or by rollers or other feeding
mechanism, or in some cases by the action of the compressing apparatus.
In some cases the metal may be acted upon in succession by a series of lever
The com-
compressers arranged to gradually reduce it to the desired thinness.
pressing faces may be grooved or partly grooved or indented, the better to take
hold of the metal, or for producing indentations or projections on the metal.
The necessary oscillating motion may be imparted to the lever compressers in
various ways, but in a preferred arrangement the outer end of the lever arm or arms
is or are connected by toggle links to a fixed centre, and the middle joint of the
toggle links is connected to a lever acted on by a revolving crank or eccentric,
arranged to impart a slow and powerful compressing movement and a quick return
movement.
The opposing face herein-before referred to may be a second lever compresser,
shaped and acting like and in concert with the one first mentioned.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPEED GOVERNORS, INDICATORS, AND RECORDERS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Westinghouse, junior, of Pittsburgh, in the State
of Pennsylvania, United States of America, at present residing at No. 4,
Clayton Square, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SPEED GOVERNORS, INDICATORS, AND RECORDERS."
Sealed the 9th March 1877, and dated the 2nd November 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Westinghouse at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd November 1876.
GEORGE WESTINGHOUSE, Junior, of Pittsburgh, in the State of Pennsylvania,
United States of America, at present residing at No. 4, Clayton Square, Liverpool,
in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPEED GOVERNORS, INDICATORS,
AND RECORDERS."
This Invention has for its object (a) to provide apparatus or appliances which
shall be capable of governing the speed of motive-power engines; and (b) serve to
indicate and record such speed; and consists,-
First. As means for governing the speed of a motive-power engine in employing
a variable pressure of steam or fluid acting on one side of one or more pistons or
plungers to control the position of the throttle or other valve which regulates the
quantity or volume of steam or fluid necessary to give the desired speed of motion
to the said engine. In carrying my Invention into practice under one modification
I connect a throttle or regulating valve at or to. one end of a stem or rod, and at
the other a piston working in a cylinder. Boiler pressure is allowed to act on one
side of the piston, whilst the pressure acting on the other side is regulated by a
small valve operated from a so-called centrifugal governor or like appliance.
Second. As means for indicating and recording the speed of a motive-power
engine in employing a chamber fed with fluid from a reservoir in which a constant
or nearly constant pressure is maintained, and in providing an indicator or recorder
to make visible the fluctuations of pressure in such chamber, such fluctuations being
caused by the motion of an escape valve operated by the governors, mentioned under
ลา1

page_text: the above first head. As sometimes arranged the said chamber is fed from the
boiler below the water level. The indicator, which may be of the nature of a
pressure guage, also opens to the said chamber; or any other recorder adapted to
work by the pressure of fluid may be connected thereto.
Third. As means for indicating or recording the motion of a ship through water,
or the speed of flow of a stream of water, I employ the fluid pressure chamber and
indicator or recorder above mentioned, and operate the escape valve directly or
through mechanism by the force of the flow of the stream. It will be obvious that
the greater the speed of the ship or of the flow of the stream the greater will be the
action on the escape valve, thus causing a fluctuation of pressure in the fluid
chamber, which fluctuation will be shown by or on the indicator or recorder.
A NEW OR IMPROVED STOPPER FOR BOTTLES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Longbottom at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd June 1876.
JAMES LONGBOTTOM, of the Central Liberal Club, Huddersfield, in the County of
York. "A NEW OR IMPROVED STOPPER FOR BOTTLES."
My improved stopper consists of a ring of india-rubber or compound thereof fixed
between two washers or hollow plugs, which washers or plugs can be moved nearer
to or further from each other by means of a screw passing through them. When
the stopper has been placed in the bottle the screw is turned and draws the plugs
and washers together, compressing the india-rubber ring and causing it to swell out
laterally and fill the bottle neck. For ordinary bottles the plugs are made of such
a length that the india-rubber ring passes the narrow part of the bottle neck, so
that it is almost impossible to withdraw it when expanded.
PROVEMENTS IN BLASTING AND IN BLASTING CARTRIDGES.
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Bartholomew and Charles
William Bartholomew at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
28th December 1876.
CHARLES BARTHOLOMEW, of Broxholme, Doncaster, in the County of York, and
of Ealing, London, Civil Engineer, and CHARLES WILLIAM BARTHOLOMEW,_of
"IM-
Blakesley Hall, Towcester, in the County of Northampton, Civil Engineer.
PROVEMENTS IN BLASTING AND IN BLASTING CARTRIDGES.'
"
This Invention has for its object improvements in blasting and in blasting car-
tridges for blasting in fiery mines or other places where there is explosive gas. We
cause the flame of the exploding gunpowder or other explosive substance to be
destroyed or neutralized immediately the explosion takes place, and so all danger
of the ignition of inflammatory gases or air in the mine is effectually prevented.
One method is to drill the hole for blasting downwards, inclined or perpendicular
to the horizon, so that the charge at the bottom can be surrounded by water or by
substances producing carbonic acid gas or other gases or substances that will ex-
tinguish the flame of the gunpowder or other explosive substance at the moment of
explosion, such explosion being effected by the electric spark. The hole above the
level of the water is plugged and tumped solid, the two wires for the electric
current being properly provided for. The battery is placed at a sufficient distance,
and enclosed in a safety-lamp wire gauze box so as to prevent any spark from the
electric battery setting fire to the inflammable gas in the mine; or we use a safety
cartridge, such cartridge being formed of gunpowder, gun cotton, or dynamite or
other explosive substance, with electric fuze and proper electric wires surrounded by
substances that on the explosion immediately form carbonic or other gas or gases
for putting out flame. The combined cartridge should be enclosed in a water-
tight canister, so that when it is placed in a drill hole, made in a proper position,
alone or surrounded with water or other liquids or substances, the complete ex-
tinction of all flame arising from the explosion of the cartridge before such flame
can communicate with any inflammable gas in the mine is ensured.
Other applications of water or carbonic acid gas or other gases on the face of the
bore hole or otherwise may be resorted to so as effectually to neutralize the inflam-
mable condition of the gases or air in the mine in the immediate vicinity of the
bore hole while explosion of the cartridge takes place.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING PARAFFIN
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bryer Nation and Walter
Lymington at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th
September 1876.
WILLIAM BRYER NATION, of 36, Charles Street, Old Kent Road, in the County
of Surry, and WALTER SYMINGTON, of 837, Old Kent Road, in the County of
Surry. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING PARAFFIN."
This Invention has for its object improvements in treating paraffin, and relates
especially to the methods described in the Specification of the Patent granted to me
William Bryer Nation, in the year 1866, No. 322, and in the Specification of the
Patent granted to me and to Robert Michael Letchford in the year 1872, No. 890.
The method which we now practice is as follows:-We cast the crudo paraffin
into cakes and place the cakes in a water bath heated nearly to the melting point of
the material.
The cakes are kept beneath the surface of the water by a grating, and the softer
parts become melted and rise to the surface of the water as is described in the
Specification 890/7. This separation we assist first by continually breaking up the
solid material by revolving knives or other suitable instruments whilst it is kept
beneath the surface of the water; and second, by admitting water at the tem-
perature of the bath in at the bottom so as to produce an upward current, which
aids the rise of the melted portion of the paraffin and causes it to flow off at the
top of the bath.
The liquid portion thus separated we treat in the manner described in the Speci-
fication No. 3226; we introduce water amongst it, keeping it constantly agitated until
it partially sets, then we let it stand until it divides into two layers, the upper one
being solid or semi-solid, and the lower one liquid; we run off the liquid and so
separate it from the solid. In this way we obtain from the original paraffin three
qualities of solid material, each of which may be again similarly treated if desired.
MENTS IN SHUTTLES."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Clough at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th June 1876.
SAMUEL CLOUGH, of Sutton Mill, Crosshills, in the County of York.
MENTS IN SHUTTLES."
" IMPROVE-
The objects of the improvements are simplicity with facility and security in use.
The "peg" for receiving the bobbin is formed by two springs which are arranged
in the shuttle one over and at a short distance from the other. One end of these
springs is continued through a hole formed for them in the wood at one end of the
shuttle where that end of one spring is turned upwards and the other downwards,
and they are there held between that end of the wood and the shoulders of the
metal "tip," the shank of the " tip" being driven up between these parts of the
springs by which the springs and tip are held securely in position. The hole in
this part of the shuttle for these springs is formed of size to admit of their having
sufficient play. One of these springs is formed with a nose or catch at its other
end to act on the outer end of the bobbin to retain it in position, whilst both the
springs bear on the interior of the bobbin with frictional pressure. The inner end
of the bobbin rests on a washer formed of leather or other suitable material with
holes through it for the passage of the springs, whilst the portion of this washer
lying between the two springs serves to give strength or elastic force to them in
acting on a bobbin placed on them. By these means increased simplicity, security,
and freedom in use are attained.
The use of pins for fastening the "pegs" is avoided, whilst the extent of cutting
away of the wood from the top and under part of the peg end is avoided.
The length of the shank of the tips may also be increased, and the tips made
more secure, whilst if desired facility is afforded for their ready removal and
replacement.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLUGS OR 'SHIVES' FOR CASKS, BARRELS, OR OTHER VESSELS, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO UNION JOINTS FOR CONNECTING PIPES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Reid at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 20th May 1876.
JOHN REID, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLUGS OR 'SHIVES' FOR CASKS, BARRELS, OR OTHER VESSELS,
PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO UNION JOINTS FOR
CONNECTING PIPES."
This Invention is intended as a permanent substitute for the bungs or wooden
shives used for closing the bung-holes of casks and other vessels, and consists
principally of a metallic plug fitting into a ring or socket fixed in the bung-hole
by screws passing through a circular flange, such plug and socket being so arranged
that the plug can be fixed perfectly tight or in the socket or loosened and with-
drawn instantaneously by merely turning the plug a portion of a revolution by
means of a key provided for that purpose. The socket is made in the form of a
ring fitting into the bung-hole, and provided with an external flange at its upper
edge by means by which it is fastened by screws to the stave; it is provided
internally with two vertical grooves, the lower edge of the ring being formed with
two inclined planes commencing at each groove. The plug is made hollow and
cylindrical or slightly conical and rather deeper than the socket, having an upper flange
and two lugs or projections at the lower edge corresponding with the grooves in the
socket or ring. The plug is placed in the socket with its lugs in the two grooves,
when the plug is "home" the lugs project beyond the bottom of the socket, and
it will be evident that upon partially turning the plug round by means of a key
the inclined planes acting on the lugs will force the plug tightly into the socket;
a washer of leather, felt, or other suitable material placed between the two flanges
forms a perfectly impervious joint. Upon turning the plug round in the reverse
direction till the lugs are opposite to the grooves it can be immediately withdrawn.
In the centre of the plug is a conical vent closed by means of an ordinary wooden
vent peg. It will be evident that by making the two parts of an ordinary union
joint for pipes on the same principle they can be connected and disconnectel
instantly in the same way without screwing.
PARATUS FOR FACILITATING LOCOMOTION ON FOOT
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Charles Tucker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th May 1876.
HENRY CHARLES TUCKER, of Little Faringdon, in the County of Berks.
PARATUS FOR FACILITATING LOCOMOTION ON FOOT."
<< AP-
My Invention relates to a foot velocipede for facilitating locomotion on foot, and
which is chiefly applicable for use in walking or running on common roads.
The apparatus consists of a foot board or sole piece mounted on a metal frame,
jointed or bolted to said foot board, and carrying a wheel to run on the outer side
of the foot board towards the heel. A second smaller wheel is mounted beneath
the toe part of the sole piece but in a different line to the side wheel, and each foot
is to have a similar apparatus attached by means of straps or other fastenings.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF USING CHAINS IN SELF-SUSTAINING PULLEY BLOCKS."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Grosvenor du Vallon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd November 1876.
GROSVENOR DU VALLON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Engineer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF USING CHAINS IN SELF-SUSTAINING PULLEY
BLOCKS."
Whereas it is well known that if a chain be piled or folded several times either
vertically or horizontally, and the different lengths or portions thus obtained be at
some point kept in right contact by pressure or otherwise, the links will become
interlocked to a sufficient extent to render it impossible to move one of such
portions without moving the others, and the tighter the contact the closer will be
the adhesion. Now my Invention consists in applying this principle to self-
sustaining chain pulley blocks by coiling the chain thereof in such a manner as to
cause it to lock itself independently of recesses or other contrivances for obtaining
a hold of the links in the pulley grooves. For this purpose I coil the chain several
times over the top pulley, the coils thereof covering and resting on each other, and
the rest of the chain hanging down loosely. The weight of the chain thus hanging
down will produce a pressure sufficient to make the links of the coiled parts inter-
lock and adhere to each other, so that if one part be pulled all the others will be
caused to move with it, whilst they will remain in any position in which they are
left, the pulley being already self-supporting to that extent. But in addition to the
above mode of coiling the chain I make all the coils except one pass round a bottom
pulley, to which the body to be lifted will be connected, such body producing
increased pressure on and therefore increased adherence of the coils in proportion
to its weight.
Now as the coils when in motion describe arcs of different radii
from the centre of the pulley they will have different lateral velocities, so that if
the portion of the chain connected with the inner coil be pulled, the outer coil
will be caused to give out more chain than the inner coil takes up, and by this
means the weight will be lowered; but if the portion of the chain connected
with the inner coil be pulled, the reverse will take place and the weight will be
raised.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Simpson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th May 1876.
JOSEPH SIMPSON, of the Solo Iron Works, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer. "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES."
My present Invention consists in certain improvements upon the Invention for
which former Letters Patent were granted to ine on the 20th day of May 1873,
No. 1949.
My Invention relates principally to what are called compound steam engines,
that is to say, steam engines in which a high-pressure and a low-pressure cylinder
are used, and it consists in placing the said cylinders parallel to and in close proximity
to each other, the cylindrical or other valves for admitting the steam from the high-
pressure to the low-pressure cylinder are placed near each end of the cylinders,
consequently very little steam is wasted in steam passages, the piston rod of the
high-pressure cylinder is connected direct to the crank on the crank shaft, and the
piston rod of the low-pressure cylinder is connected to one arm of an elbow lever
the other arm of which is connected by a rod to the same crank, by this arrangement
the crank is helped over the dead centres in the same manner as when two cranks
are placed at right angles on the same crank shaft.
My Invention consists also in the application of the improved cut-off valve motion,
described in reference to Figs. 2 and 3 of the Specification above referred to, to my
present Invention. The said cut-off motion consists of a right and left hand screw
actuated by a pinion connected to the governor for lengthening or shortening the
link by which the valve is moved.
Also in the application of the hydraulic accumulator described in reference to
Fig. 12 of the said Specification to my present Invention; this hydraulic accumulator
is in comunication with the governor and is made to vary the traverse of the valves
by raising or lowering the fulcrum of the weigh shaft or other working parts,
according to the load on the engine.
Also in condeusing engines, whether single or compound, I introduce a supple-
mental condenser which I bring into operation after the main volume of steam from
the cylinder has passed to the usual condenser. The passage leading thereto is
closed by means of a valve and the communication between the cylinder and the
supplemental condenser is opened, by which means the refrigerating or cooling effect
of the common condenser upon the cylinder is wholly or greatly prevented, and the

page_text: small quantity of steam or vapour remaining in the cylinder is received by the
supplemental condenser which at suitable intervals is also opened to the common
condenser by means of a suitable valve, thereby renowing its vacuum in readiness
for the next stroke of the piston. The object of this supplemental condenser is to
preserve the heat contained in the condensing cylinder and thereby to economiso 5
steam.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO SHIRTS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Harrison Simpson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th May 1876.
FREDERICK HARRISON SIMPSON, of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO SHIRTS."
This Invention has for its object increased simplicity and convenience. The
custom at present in vogue of wearing loose fronts and cuffs over a woolen shirt is
subject to the inconvenience of its taking a long time and being very troublesome to
adjust and keep uncreased, and also that the inner edges are very apt to accidentally
protrude outside the coat or waistcoat. In changing from woolen to linen in
summer one is very liable to catch cold, so much so that many now wear woolen
all the year round. Now my Invention is designed to prevent these evils, and con-
sists in forming the greater portion of the shirt of wool or of colored and cheaper
inaterial, but making the exposed portions (the front and cuffs and occasionally the
collar) of linen. I make the front of two thicknesses, one outside and one inside the
woolen part, and usually cut away the material of the shirt from between, and sub-
stitute for it a strong backing of canvass. This canvass acts not merely as a stiffener
to the front, but also as a chest protector. Round the stud holes, however, the
canvass can be cut away to lessen the bulkiness at these points. If the collar be
detached I usually prefer to make the shirt button behind, and sew a false button-
ing strip down the front for appearance sake, and to carry the studs. To prevent
the woollen portion from shrinking and thus distorting the front I boil the woollen
material first in hot water before making up, and also arrange the side woollen
material in sewing the fronts to it that it may be rather in a state of compression
than stretched out at the bottom it is plaited in such a manner as to entirely pre-
vent distortion of the front by its shrinkage. Goods with fast colors only are used
so as to prevent the color from coming out into the linen in washing.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING AND CORRECTING ALTERATIONS IN THE PRESSURE OF GAS FLOWING THROUGH STREET MAINS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Harry Edward Jones at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th March 1876.
HARRY EDWARD JONES, of Bow, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING AND CORRECTING ALTERATIONS IN
THE PRESSURE OF GAS FLOWING THROUGH STREET MAINS."
My Invention relates to means of reducing the increase of pressure which is
produced at the upper part of a gas main which ascends an incline, and of restoring
the pressure to the same as that at the foot of the incline.
By the means which I will describe the reduction or restoration is maintained in
exact relation with every rise and fall of the initial pressure, a result which differs
from that obtained by the use of the ordinary regulators employed for this purpose,
which have simply the effect of reducing the pressure to a fixed and uniform
measure. Thus by the use of my Invention, as the pressure, while it is reduced to
the extent adjusted for, is also caused to follow all the variations of the original
pressure, I secure great regularity in distribution and economy in leakage. For
this purpose I pass the gas through a gas holder working in a closed tank or
chamber, and weighted to resist the excess of pressure to be removed.
In the crown of the gas holder I fit a valve which opens as the gas holder rises
and closes as it descends, so as to vary the area of the passage for the
gas. From
this arrangement it follows that the pressure of the gas after passing the gas holder
must always be less than that of the gas supplied to it, by exactly as much pressure
as is required to keep the gas holder in suspension.
The valve in the crown of the gas holder may be of any known kind that
involves little or no friction in its working. For this purpose I prefer to employ a
conical or conoidal plug fixed in the lower or stationary part of the machine, and
projecting through a hole in the crown of the gas holder, so that as the latter rises
the annular area of passage round the said plug increases, and vice versa.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METAL HANDLES, AND IN THE MEANS OF FIXING THE SAME TO KNIVES, FORKS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES OF CUTLERY.
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Levesley and William Marshall
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd July 1876.
WILLIAM. LEVESLEY, senior, of 9, Bow Street, Sheffield, in the County of York,
Ivory Worker, and WILLIAM MARSHALL, senior, of Tapton, near Sheffield, aforesaid,
Cutlery Manufacturer. "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METAL
HANDLES, AND IN THE MEANS OF FIXING THE SAME TO KNIVES, FORKS, AND
OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES OF CUTLERY.".
This Invention has for its object making a strong and durable handle, and with
increased security in the fixture of such handles to table knives, forks, and other
similar articles of cutlery.
The first part of our Invention refers to the handle. We manufacture our improved
handles of steel or other hard metals, and which are cast hollow, and generally in
one piece, the hole in that part of the handle which joins the blade or prong being
made to correspond with the periphery of a plain piece or projection from the
shoulder of the blade; this plain piece or projection is made to fit in the hole left
in the handle before mentioned.
Another mode of carrying out this part of our Invention consists in making
the handles in two halves by stamping them from sheet steel or other hard metal.
The second part of our Invention consists in the manner and means of fixing
the handles before mentioned to table knives, forks, and other similar articles of
cutlery in lieu of the tangs now generally used; we place the handle or half handle,
as the case may be, on the projection or plain piece before described, and they are
then soldered together and become securely fixed, and which will not easily separate,
or come off, or loosen by a fall or when put into hot water, thus doing away with
rivets, resin, and other known fastenings.
The superiority of these handles over handles made of soft metals is obvious,
as with the present mode of manufacturing handles of soft metals the slightest
indent is seen, but these hard steel handles will stand a deal of rough usage
without being injured.
The blades and prongs are made by forging in the ordinary manner, and are
ground and polished after the handles have been soldered thereon.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ENVELOPES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bull at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th May 1870. A communication from
abroad by Hamlyn Burnell, of San Francisco, in the United States of America.
WILLIAM BULL, of 16, Osborne Villas, Stroud Green Road, Finsbury Park, in the
County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ENVELOPES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in envelopes.
I construct envelopes in the manner shown in the annexed Drawing, which repre-
sents an unfolding envelope made according to my Invention. The side flaps and
the part of the envelope between them are divided by means of ruled lines, as shown,
into separate squares, each of which may contain printed matter, advertisements,
and so forth. The side flaps are intended to be first folded over, and one of them is
provided with a gummed lappet, by which these flaps can be secured the one to the
other. The lappet is perforated across, so that the flaps may be again readily
separated without risk of destroying the envelope. The flap of the envelope is also
similarly gummed and perforated. On the other side the envelope receives the
ordinary stamp or adhesive label to frank it through the Post Office. Post Office
envelopes thus made can be sold to the public at a cheaper rate than those now in
use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE RAKES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Henry Tooley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th September 1876.
EDWIN HENRY TOOLEY, of Dunstable, in the County of Bedford, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE RAKES."
r
The first part of my Invention has reference to the raising and lowering of the
'tines;" for this purpose I provide a sliding bar supported on the frame of the rake
in guides, so that it can be pushed by the foot of the driver in order to engage it
with a clutch wheel fixed to or formed upon one of the bearing wheels of the rake
(the sliding bar being provided at its end with teeth if preferred). By this means
the frame of the rake to which the bar is attached rotates with the wheel and
becomes tilted forward upon the axle so as to elevate the "tines" from the soil.
An automatic arrangement which is an essential feature in the Invention is also
provided to disengage the sliding bar from the toothed wheel and allow the frame
and "tines" to drop into their former position. To effect this an inclined tongue
or projection is formed upon the sliding bar, which tongue by coming into contact
with a pin keyed upon the axle or other convenient part by virtue of its inclination
draws the sliding bar out of gear with the clutch wheel, and releasing the frame and
"tines" allow them to drop back to their former position. A spring is provided to
cushion the shock of the falling frame and "tines."
The second part of my Invention refers to an arrangement for setting the frame
and "tines;" at any required height in relation to the axle I provide a screw
passing through a cross bar or stay fixed between the shafts of the rake. This stay
or cross bar is provided with a nut or is itself prepared to receive the screw, the
upper end of which is provided with a winch handle, while the lower end bears
upon the swinging frame of the rake, so that as the screw is raised or lowered by
means of the handle, the frame and its "tines" are correspondingly canted upon the
axle into an elevated or depressed position.
The Invention further consists in the employment of a separate or distinct frame
projecting from the axle which supports the bar on which the tines are mounted,
or the tines themselves may be hinged to the frame.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FASTENINGS OF LEGGINGS, TRAVELLING BAGS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Simpson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th March 1876.
HENRY SIMPSON, of the City of Manchester. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FASTENINGS
OF LEGGINGS, TRAVELLING BAGS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES."
This Invention consists as applied to leggings in having a buttoned headed stud
near each extremity of the metallic strip, which forms one of the edges of the
legging, and which take into corresponding holes opening into slots arranged in
the metallic strip upon the other edge of the legging, the parts being locked
together by the application of a central stud arranged with a drop catch which
locks itself immediatly it has passed through a suitable hole. This arrangement
of fastening is applicable to the metallic frames of travelling bags and other similar
articles.
THE MANUFACTURE OF PILED FABRICS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bew at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th February 1876.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
WILLIAM BEW, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster.
THE MANUFACTURE OF PILED FABRICS."
The Invention consists principally in manufacturing a new piled material for
ladies' skirts with a border stripe or stripes of color running across the same as
required.
"
The material which I manufacture is a kind of fustian, which is woven of cotton
(with a weft either self-colored or mingled according to whether a plain or speckled
ground is desired), but much lighter and of a finer texture than that usually woven
for men's wear, and I ornament this fabric by weaving colored stripes across the
fabric at the required intervals by using one or more extra shuttles having colored
weft in them, such shuttles being contained in either "drop boxes or revolving
shuttle boxes, and worked either by the " dobby" or by a chain or other known
contrivance, so as to throw the right shuttles across according to the pattern desired.
The fabric thus woven is cut and forms a new kind of piled fabric, with colored
stripes at intervals across the width of the piece, which is very suitable for ladies'
skirts for winter wear.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RATCHET BRACES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Waterson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st December 1876.
HENRY WATERSON, of Aston, near Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manager of Cut Nail Works. "IMPROVEMENTS IN RATCHET BRACES."
My said Invention consists in constructing and arranging in the manner herein-
after described the parts of ratchet braces whereby the reciprocating motion of the
handle of the brace is made to produce a nearly continuous motion of the brace
in one direction.
The working handle of the instrument turns upon the shaft or axis to which the
drill or tool is affixed, the said shaft or axis passing through the handle at a short
distance from the end opposite to that to which the hand is applied for working
the brace. The shaft or axis of the instrument carries two bevil-toothed wheels
situated respectively on opposite sides of the handle. One of the said bevil-
toothed wheels is fixed to the shaft or axis, and the other turns loosely thereon.
Between the two bevil wheels described a third or intermediate bevil wheel is
situated; this third bevil wheel is at right angles to the other two, and is in gear
with both of them; the said third wheel turus upon an axis at that end of the
handle opposite to the ends by which the brace is worked. The fixed and loose
bevil wheels on the brace axis are provided with ratchet wheels, the teeth of the
ratchets being turned in opposite directions. On the part of the handle opposite to
that carrying the third bevil wheel are two pawls turned in opposite directions, and
engaging respectively with the ratchet wheels described.
The action of tho instrument is as follows:-When the handle is turned in one
direction motion is given to the axis through the pawl which engages with tho fixed
bevil wheel, the said pawl making its advancing motion. When the motion of the
handle is reversed the pawl of the fixed bevil wheel makes its return motion, and
has consequently no action on the said fixed bevil wheel; but the pawl of the loose
bevil wheel is now making its advance motion, urging forward the loose bevil wheel,
the motion of which, transmitted through the third or intermediate bevil-toothed
wheel, communicates motion to the fixed bevil-toothed wheel in the saine direction

page_text: as that in which it had been inoved by the action of its own pawl. There is thus
communicated to the axis carrying the drill or tool an almost continuous motion in
the same direction by the to-and-fro motion of the handle, the only interruption to
the continuity of the motion occurring at the moment when the direction of the
motion of the handle is changed.
AN IMPROVED GRINDING PEPPER BOX OR CASTER
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Aimable Victor Le Lubez at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th February 1876. A
communication from abroad by Réné Soulice, of Paris, France.
PIERRE AIMABLE VICTOR LE LUBEZ, of Grove Terrace, Mile End, in the County
of Middlesex, Manufacturer. "AN IMPROVED GRINDING PEPPER BOX OR CASTER."
A communication.
My said Invention relates to a pepper box or caster which is provided with a
mill or grinding apparatus, so constructed and arranged that the said box or caster
is not of inconvenient dimensions for use on the table and has not an unsightly
appearance, while it affords the means whereby the unground pepper or peppercorns
may be ground at the moment the pepper is used at table, so that the same will be
pure and unadulterated, with all its natural freshness and pungency.
The said grinding apparatus consists of a toothed or roughened cone fitted within
a correspondingly formed case also toothed or roughened, the said cone being
mounted upon a spindle or axis, which is extended through the bottom of the box
or caster, and is provided with legs whereon the said box stands. And these legs
also serve as handles whereby the said cone is rotated for grinding the pepper.
The bottom of the pepper box consists of two plates, one fixed and the other
adjustable. An aperture is formed through these plates through which the pepper
corns are introduced into the box. And then the said aperture is closed by turning
the adjustable plate around upon the fixed plate. The space in the box above the
mill is occupied by the ground pepper, and this part of the box is provided with a
neck and perforated top or cap for the distribution or sprinkling of the pepper. The
upper part of the box is preferably made removable to permit free access to the said.
cone and casing. These are secured in the box by a cross bar which is made fast
by two arms or by other suitable means.
The said improved grinding pepper box or caster may be made of metal or any
suitable material, and may be elegantly shaped and ornamented in any desired style
or fashion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONCERTINAS AND ACCORDEONS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Lloyd Wise at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th February 1876. A communication
from abroad by Carl Hagenbüchli, of the City of Eibenstock, Kingdom of
Saxony, German Empire, Engineer.
WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of Chandos Chambers, Adelphi, in the County of Middle-
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CONCERTINAS AND ACCORDEONS."
sex.
In musical instruments, known as concertinas and accordeons, the levers of the
internal mechanism, which are moved by the keys or buttons visible at the outside
of the instrument, to open certain apertures for producing certain tones, have
usually been made with a perforation, so that such levers by means of this per-
foration could be shifted upon a wire, which wire constitutes the fulcrum for the
said levers.
Now my foreign correspondent substitutes for this construction a new and
improved arrangement which offers great advantages both in the manufacturo
of the levers and in the fastening of them to the resounding boards of the
instruments.
The manufacture of such levers is effected by a well-known machine for pressing
or bending wires into a certain shape. The wire is bent near its centre into a
V like shape or form instead of being perforated as heretofore, and at the one
end of the wire to which the valve is fastened it is bent to suit the position of
the valve.
The fastening of the bent levers is effected in the following simple manuer :-
By glueing or by any other method a saddle of wood is fastened on to the
resounding board of the instrument, which saddle is situated parallel to the
position of the apertures in the resounding board, and is provided with as many
grooves at proper distances as it has levers to take. On the under side of this
Saddle, at which it is fastened to the resounding board, a groove of suitable width
and depth is made in the saddle parallel to its axis; this groove receives a wire,
which serves to hold the levers in place, and which constitutes the fulcrum at
the like shaped parts of the levers. The levers protrude from the saddle on one
side in lengths corresponding with the distances of the apertures from the saddle.
On the opposite side of the latter, parallel to the above-named fulcrum wire, a
second wire is placed, which by means of wire loops is fastened to the fulcrum
wire at the head ends. The second wire serves to keep in place the spiral wires
which act as springs for the levers. These spiral wires, which in number corre-
Price 2d1

page_text: spond with the levers, are each made of one piece of thin wire, the one end of
which is fastened to the resounding board, whence the wire is coiled round the
second wire and the other end is bent upwards; this end has a hook-like extremity
which bears against the under: part of the lever and, keeps this arm of the lever
upward away from the resounding board; consequently the opposite end or
arm of the lever is kept downward, so that the valve fastened to it will close
the aperture in the resounding board when no pressure is applied to the keys or
buttons at the opposite or elevated end of the levers.