IMPROVEMENTS IN DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Owen Williams of Liverpool in the County of Lancaster
Iron Founder for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYNAMO-ELECTRIC
MACHINES
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Owen Williams at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd May 1883.
OWEN WILLIAMS, of Liverpool in the county of Lancaster Iron Founder
IMPROVEMENTS IN DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
Dynamo electric machines as hitherto constructed have been made with armatures
of small diameter in order that sufficiently intense magnetic fields might be
obtained: this necessitated that the said armatures should be caused to rotate at
very high velocities in order to obtain the desired current. The disadvantages
were rapid wear and tear, heating of the parts and a limited production of electric
current. Enlarging the diameter of the armatures resulted in decreasing the
intensity of the magnetic field and even with the use of extremely ponderous and
unwieldy field magnets
Now the object of my invention is to construct dynamo-electric machines in
such manner that the diameter of the armature may be increased at will without
decrease in the intensity of the magnetic field or increase in the size and weight of
the field magnets. I am thereby enabled to use large armatures with slow speeds
of rotation and the consequent reduction of wear and tear of the parts and increase
of durability and efficiency. One large machine being capable of doing the work
of many small ones as now made.
In carrying my invention into practice I make use of ring shaped armatures and
cause such armatures to rotate in magnetic fields formed by the juxtaposition of
four magnetic poles two north and two south, so arranged that the two north poles
and the two south poles act together and allow of the circle of magnetism being
complete at any portion of the rotating armature ring.
A dynamo machine constructed under my invention is made as follows
Two armature rings coiled in opposite directions are placed concentrically on a

page_text: rotating axis and the field magnets are arranged with the poles acting on the inner
and the other outer armature rings.
Under another modification there are two inner and two outer armature rings.
In a further modification two or more series of concentric armature rings are
employed in combination with field magnets arranged as above set forth
More than two concentric armature rings may be used on one axis and the
magnets may be either permanent or electro-magnets. Brushes or other suitable
means are used to collect the electric currents. The apparatus may be arranged
with or without commutators for continuous or alternating currents
Under a further part of my invention ring shaped horse shoe induced electro-
magnets are placed alongside of the armatures.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Owen Williams in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 3rd November
1883.
3.
OWEN WILLIAMS of Liverpool in the County of Lancaster. Iron Founder.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES
"
I
Dynamo electric machines as hitherto constructed have been made with armatures
of small diameter in order that sufficiently intense magnetic fields might be
obtained, this necessitated that the said armatures should be caused to, rotate at
very high velocities in order to obtain the desired current. The disadvantages
were rapid wear and tear, heating of the parts and a limited production of electric
current. Enlarging the diameter of the armatures resulted in decreasing the
intensity of the magnetic field even with the use of extremely ponderous and
unwieldy field magnets.
:
Now the object of my invention is to construct dynamo electric machines in
such manner that the diameter of the armature may be increased at will without
decreasing the intensity of the magnetic field or increase in the size and weight of
the field magnets, I am thereby enabled to use large armatures with slow speeds
of rotation and the consequent reduction of wear and tear of the parts and increase
of durability and efficiency, one large machine being capable of doing the work of
many small ones as now made.
In carrying my invention into practice I make use of ring shaped armatures and
cause such armatures to rotate in magnetic fields formed by the justa position of
four magnetic poles, two north and two south so arranged that the two.north poles
and the two south poles act together and allow of the circle of magnetism being.
complete at any portion of the rotating armature ring.
A dynamo machine constructed under my invention is made as follows:-
Two armature rings coiled in opposite directions are placed concentrically on a
rotating axis and the field magnets are arranged with the poles acting on the inner
and on the outer armature rings.

page_text: tumes Improvements in Dynamo-electric mantentes.
Under another modification there are two inner and two outer armature rings.
In a further modification two or more series of concentric armature rings are.
employed in combination with field magnets arranged as above setforth.
More than two concentric armature rings may be used on one axis and the
magnets may be either permanent or electro magnets. Brushes or other suitable
means are used to collect, the electric currents.
The apparatus may be arranged with or without commutators for continuous or.
alternating currents.
Under a further part of my invention ring shaped horse shoe induced electro
magnets are placed alongside of the armatures.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In all the views the same letters denote like parts.
Fig is a plan half in section, and fig 2 a view half in elevation and half in
section of a dynamo machine of the simplest form under my invention. a. b. are
two armature rings coiled in opposite directions and secured concentrically to arms
formed in two pieces c. c. The said arms c c¹ are carried by the shaft & supported
in bearings on the frame e. ff. g. g¹, are field electro magnets secured to the
frame e so constructed as to form a continuation of f. g. f. g'. and wound with a
continuation of the wire coiled around f¹. g¹ so as to form horse shoe electric
magnets. The said horse shoe electro magnets are arranged in pairs on each side
of the shaft d so that four poles namely two north and two south are in justa
position and each ring is acted on directly by a north and south pole. The coils
on the armature rings are connected, the outer ones to insulated commutators h.
and the inner ones to insulated commutators h¹ brushes i connected to and
insulated from the frame e bear on the commutators and are connected to the line
wires. It will be evident that the diameters of the armature rings may be
increased to any desirable extent without increasing the distance apart of the poles
of the field magnets and that more than two although I prefer two concentric rings
may be used.
Fig 3 is a view showing a modification of armature ring to be used in a dynamo
machine arranged substantially as above described here there are two outer
rings a a¹ and two inner rings b. b',
Fig 4 is a view of a modification of armature ring in which one outer and two
inner rings are used. This a very advantageous form of armature.
1
Fig 5 is a longitudinal section, and fig 6 a view half in elevation and half in
section of a modified dynamo machine in which horse shoe electro field magnets
f: g. f¹ g are arranged between the concentric armature rings a a¹ and in which
the four poles in justaposition are obtained by the north pole of one horse shoe
magnet being also the north pole of the other so as to form consequent poles. In
this arrangement also it will be seen that the north poles of the magnets f. g and
the south poles of the magnets f¹ g¹ act directly and conjointly on the armature
ring a whatever is the diameter of the said armatures.
Fig 7 is a sectional view showing two series a a' and i i¹ of armature rings
arranged in accordance with my invention. Here the electro field magnets f. g².
are supported by a frame j separating the two series of armatures otherwise the
construction is similar to that described under figs 5 and 6.
The method of winding the coils on the ring armatures is similar to that used in
the Gramme machines but any other suitable or known method may be employed.
The sizes of the armature rings and field magnets the diameter of the wire the
length of the coils, their connection to the commutators, the arrangement of the
brushes, the general construction of the frame and proportions of parts may be
greatly varied in accordance with now well known laws and do not need to be
specified as. the relations between the several parts must be varied according as
more or less intensity or intermittent or continuous currents are desired. The
essential features of my invention consisting in the use of two or more concentric

page_text: armature rings in combination with field magnets arranged with four poles in
justaposition.
Having now described and illustrated the said invention in such manner that
others will be enabled to carry my improvements into effect I claim :-
First. Dynamo electric machines having two or more concentric armature rings
in combination with field magnets arranged with four poles in justaposition
substantially as setforth.
Second. In dynamo electric machines two or more concentric armature rings in
combination with field magnets arranged with four poles acting in pairs two on
each ring substantially as setforth.
Third. In dynamo electric machines; the combination of two or more armature
rings in combination with field magnets with consequent poles on each side of the
said rings substantially as setforth.
Fourth. Dynamo machines having concentric ring shaped armaturės arranged
to rotate in magnetic fields formed by the justaposition of four magnetic poles
substantially as setforth.
Fifth. The combination of a series of concentric armature rings with field
magnets arranged substantially as setforth.
In Witness Whereof I the said Owen Williams have hereunto set my hand
and seal this first day of November in the year of Our Lord, one thousand eight
hundred and eighty three.