IMPROVEMENTS IN FIXING CERTAIN COLORS IN UK UPUN TARAS AND TEXTILE
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Graham, of Hartshead Print Works, near
Stalybridge, in the County of Lancaster, Calico Printer, for the Invention
LETTERS PATENT to John Graham, of Hartshead Print Works, near
Stalybridge, in the County of Lancaster, Calico Printer, for the Invention
OI IMPROVEMENTS IN FIXING CERTAIN COLORS IN UK UPUN TARAS AND TEXTILE
Sealed the 29th June 1855, and dated the 13th January 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Graham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
January 1855.
I, JOHN GRAHAM, of Hartshead Print Works, near Stalybridge, in the
County of Lancaster, Calico Printer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIXING CERTAIN COLORS IN OR UPON YARNS AND
TEXTILE FABRICS" to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to render certain colors or lakes, when applied
to or dyed on yarns or fabrics, more permanent than heretofore, and the mode
of operation is as follows:--I subject the yarns or fabrics upon which the
colors or lakes have been applied or dyed to the action of high-pressure steam,
or of water heated by and under the pressure of high-pressure steam; or I take
the said yarns or fabrics so colored or dyed, and submit them to the action of
solutions of suitable chemical substances heated to a high temperature, whereby
a similar result is produced. The chemical substances I have used with most
success are chloride of calcium, chloride of sodium, sulphate of soda, and
arseniate of soda.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Graham in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
13th July 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
GRAHAM, of Hartshead Print Works, near Stalybridge, in the County of
Lancaster, Calico Printer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for. Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Graham, Her special license that I, the said John Graham,
my executors, administrators,-and-assigns, or such.others as I, the said John
Graham, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter.during the
term therein expressed,. should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom, of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIXING CERTAIN
COLORS IN OR UPON YARNS AND TEXTILE, FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said John Graham, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, should-particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Graham, do hereby declare
the nature of.my said Invention, and in what manner. the same is to be
performed; to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the, following
statement, that is to say.:
:
**
My said Invention of improvements in fixing, certain colors or lakes in or
upon yarns and textile fabrics consists in subjecting the yarns or fabrics:upon
which the colors or.lakes have been applied or dyed in the usual manner to the
action of high-pressure steam, or a. mixture of high-pressure steam and air, or
of water heated and under pressure, or to the action of steam alone, or steam
mixed with air heated to the temperature of 250 to 300 degrees of Fahrenheit,
or more or less; or I submit the said yarns or fabrics to the action of solutions
of suitable chemical substances capable of being heated to a high temperature,
such as sulphate of soda, chloride of sodium, arseniate of soda, chloride of
calcium; or others of the like nature: *.
The colors or lakes to which the above improvements have.been found most
applicable are garancine, madder, cochineal, logwood, sumac, guercitron bark,

page_text: and other dye stuffs of the same nature, in combination with oxide of iron,
alumina, tin, or other mordants.
In performing my Invention for improvements in fixing the lakes or dyes
of oxide of iron, alumina, tin, or other mordants combined with garancine or
other dye stuffs, I proceed according to either of the following processes :-
1st, the yarns or fabrics to which the lakes or dyes have been applied in
the usual manner are placed in a strong vessel, capable of being closed, and
steam at a pressure of about 40 lbs. to the square inch is then admitted for
twenty minutes, more or less.
2nd, or the yarns or fabrics are placed in a vessel containing water, which
is then closed and heated to a temperature of from 250 to 300 degrees
Fahrenheit, by steam or other means, also for about twenty minutes.
3rd, or instead of the above processes I place the yarns or fabrics in a vessel,
which may be open, and submit them to the action of steam alone, or steam
mixed with air heated to the temperature of 250 or 300 degrees Farenheit,
also for about twenty minutes.
4th, or the yarns or fabrics may be passed through a strong or nearly
saturated solution of any of the chemical substances before referred to,
heated to a temperature varying from 220 to 260 degrees, according to the
substance used.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine
myself to the precise details referred to, as the same may be varied without
deviating from the peculiar character of my Invention; but what I do claim
is, the use and application of high-pressure steam or heated water under
pressure, or steam, or steam mixed with air heated to a high temperature,
or the chemical substances above referred to, when used in the manner and
for the
purposes described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Graham, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twelfth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
Witness to the signature,
H. B. BARLOW,
Manchester.
JOHN GRAHAM. (L.S.)