IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BUSK AND SIMILAR FASTENINGS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Stokes, Metal Worker, and Robert Goff,
Manager, both of Bow, in the County of Middlesex, for the Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BUSK AND SIMILAR
FASTENINGS."
Scaled the 13th July 1875, and dated the 22nd January 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Stokes and
Robert Goff at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 22nd January 1875.
We, ROBERT STOKES, Metal Worker, and ROBERT GOFF, Manager,
both of Bow, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declaro the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BUSK AND
SIMILAR FASTENINGS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to improve the manufacture of the
stud fastening known as Thomson's unbreakable busk fastening, and
described in the Specification of a Patent bearing date.
In this factoring the stud
tuunad to chan
and securedd
The object of this Invention is to improve the manufacture of the
stud fastening known as Thomson's unbreakable busk fastening, and
O described in the Specification of a Patent booming date.

page_text: .
strip of metal which is made to clip the steel busk by rivetting the
same to the strip. As however great strain is often put upon the
studs they are very liable if imperfectly rivetted to be torn out
of their sockets, and the busk then requires to be replaced by a new
one. To avoid this inconvenience we propose to make the stud in one
piece with the strip of metal that clips the busk by raising the stud out
of the strip or by forming the strip out of a piece of rod or wire prepared
with a stud head. Thus we take a strip of metal of the dimensions
required for a clip and by means of a punch and die we strike up a
conical projection in the metal, and this conical projection we shape by
means of dies and pressure into a stud. Or we take a piece of round
rod of suitable length, say, five-eighths of an inch, more or less, and
turn one end in a lathe to the shape of a stud, then split up the rod and
reduce the split portions in dies to the form of a clip. In either of these
ways we obtain in a simple and efficient manner the desired result, viz.,
a stud formed in one with the clip picce.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Robert Stokes and Robert Goff in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 21st July 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ROBERT
STOKES, Metal Worker, and ROBERT GOFF, Manager, both of Bow, in
the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and succes-
sors, give and grant unto us, the said Robert Stokes and Robert Goff,
Her special licence that we, the said Robert Stokes and Robert Goff, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
Robert Stokes and Robert Goff, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,

page_text: and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANufacture of
BUSK AND SIMILAR FASTENINGS," upon the condition (amongst others) that
we, the said Robert Stokes and Robert Goff, our executors or admini-
strators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their
hands and scals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that wc, the said Robert Stokes and Robert Goff,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had to
the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon (that is to say) :―
The object of this Invention is to improve the manufacture of the
stud fastening known as Thomson's unbreakable busk fastening, and
described in the Specification of a Patent bearing date the Seventeenth
July, One thousand cight hundred and sixty-six, No. 1860. In this
fastening the stud was turned to shape and secured to the strip of metal
which is made to clip the steel busk by rivetting the same to the strip.
As however great strain is often put upon the studs they are very liable
if imperfectly rivetted to be torn out of their sockets and the busk then
requires to be replaced by a new one. To avoid this inconvenience we
propose to make the stud in one piece with the strip of metal that clips
the busk. This may be effected by striking up or raising the stud out
of the metal composing the strip, or by forming the strip out of a piece
of rod or wire prepared with a stud head.
In the accompanying Drawing we have illustrated at Figures 1 to 9
inclusive the several stages of the process by which we produce the
improved stud clip from sheet metal. Having provided a strip of
malleable sheet metal of the required gauge we submit it to the action
of a punch and die fitted to a fly or other suitable press whereby one,
two, or more dish-shaped projections may be struck up (at one blow) of
the form indicated in the plan view, Fig. 1, and in the cross section,
Fig. 2. These projections may be conveniently struck up in pairs, and
in that case the metal is shifted forward after each striking up to a

page_text: gauged distance when the punch again advances and repeats its blow.
In like manner the blow is repeated until the whole length of the metal
strip has been passed through the press and subjected to the action of
the punch and die, whereby a large number of the dish-shaped pro-
jections is formed thereon. The strip of metal thus prepared is next
operated upon by a punch and dic, which are so shaped as to bring the
projections to the form shown in Fig. 3.
By the succeeding operations the projections are reduced from the
form of a broad cone successively to the forms indicated at Figures 4, 5,
and 6, in the last of which Figures they are in a condition for under-
going the heading operation. Before however this takes place we
submit the strip to the action of stamping dies to cut out therefrom the
stud clips, as indicated by dots at Fig. 7. The stud clips thus far formed
are now submitted to the action of a heading press, which is provided on
its bed with a pair of slides that will advance towards and grip the stud,
thereby holding it steady to receive the blow of the heading die. While
the stud is thus gripped the die is brought down and caused to depress
the end of the stud, thereby expanding it laterally and converting it
into a flanged head, as illustrated at Figures 8. To complete the stud
clip the ends of the metal are turned down at right angles, as illustrated
at Figures 9, and the clip is then ready to be attached to the steel busk.
We would here observe that although for the sake of clearness in the
Drawing we have shewn the rows of dish-shaped projections at some
distance apart, yet in practice we (in order as much as possible to
economize metal) strike up the projections and form the studs as near
together as can conveniently be done.
The fly presses used in the above described operation are of the con-
struction usually employed for striking up articles out of thin metal..
In manufacturing the stud and clip piece from round rod or wire we
take a piece of the same of suitable length, say, five-eighths of an inch
more or less, and turn one end in a lathe to the shape of a stud, then
split up the rod from the opposite end and reduce the split portions in
dies to the form of a clip. This manufacture is illustrated at Figures 10,
11, and 12, Fig. 10 being a portion of a rod turned to shape to form a
stud and clip in one piece; Fig. 11 shewing a length cut off and split
up endwise; and Fig. 12 shewing the finished clip ready for attachment
to the busk.

page_text: It will be obvious that the stud blanks may be headed in dies if
thought desirable instead of being turned in a lathe.
.
Having now set forth the nature of our Invention of "Improvements
in the Manufacture of Busk and similar Fastenings," and explained the
manner of carrying the same into effect, we wish it to be understood that
under the above in part recited Letters Patent we claim, a flange-headed
stud formed in one piece with the clip piece, substantially in the manner
and for the purpose above set forth.
In witness whereof, we, the said Robert Stokes and Robert Goff,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, the Fifteenth day of
July, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-five.