IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER BAGS, AND IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED IN THIS MANUFACTURE
Year: 1878

page_text: "
LETTERS PATENT to Sydney Pitt, of Sutton, in the County of Surrey, for
the Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER BAGS,
AND IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED IN THIS MANUFACTURE." A communication
from abroad by Frederick Errenger Porter and Rodney B. Smith, both of the
City of Baltimore, in the State of Maryland, United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Sydney Pitt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th October 1878.
SYDNEY PITT, of Sutton, in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF PAPER BAGS, AND IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED IN THIS MANU-
FACTURE." [A communication from abroad by Frederick Errenger Porter and
Rodney B. Smith, both of the City of Baltimore, in the State of Maryland, United
States of America.]
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of paper bags,
and in machinery employed in this manufacture.
The Invention is directed mainly to produce automatically duplex bags, that is to
say, bags made from two separate papers, one of which forms the outside and the
other the lining. In some instances the lining may be of the same quality and
color of paper as the outside, but usually the bags are made with their insides or
linings of a white or suitably colored paper, which when the bags are used will
show off their contents to advantage, and an outer paper of stronger, cheaper, and
coarser material, either bleached or unbleached.
Heretofore it has been a common custom with druggists and others to line bags
by hand with a paper of a colour best suited to expose the substances to be placed
in them to advantage, and also to use for such lining chemically-prepared papers to
resist the action of certain drugs, &c. The making of such bags by hand is slow
1031

page_text: and expensive, whether the lining is composed of separately made complete bags or
of sheets of paper folded and pasted in place.
By these improvements two tubes are automatically and simultaneously formed
one within the other from two sheets or webs of paper taken from their respective
rolls. The duplex tube thus formed is severed into lengths suitable for the bags.
The manner of severing the two tubes is such as to facilitate the application of
paste to the bottoms so as securely to hold the linings and outsides together when
folded to form the bottoms.
At
For these purposes the continuous papers to form the double bags are drawn from
two rolls so placed that as the papers are unwound the sheets (which may be of
equal widths) lie the one on the other, but with the edges somewhat overlapping.
In this way the continuous papers pass over a roller provided at one end with two
pasteing wheels dipping into paste and imprinting it upon the edges of the two
sheets. The papers thus pasted as they travel on through the machine are bent up
together into a trough-like form by wheels bearing upon the middle of the sheets.
In this form the paper in its onward travel next passes beneath two bridge pieces.
From the first of these, supports descend, which carry the end of a thin metal bar,
herein called the outer former. It runs along the machine, and the outer sheet is
formed into a tube around it. The outer former terminates in front in teeth, which
assist in dividing the tube (when formed) into lengths, as herein-after explained.
The lower and outer sheet of paper passés beneath the outer former, but the inner
sheet passes above it but beneath another called the inner former, carried by
the second bridge piece. The inner foriner is similar to the outer former, over
which it lies; it terminates just short of its end, and is similarly armed with teeth.
Unlike the outer former (which is narrower), the inner former occupies the whole
width of the double tube formed around it except at certain parts, to which further
reference is to be made. After passing the bridges the paper is made to close in
around the formers by guides or pressing plates overlapping the edges of the inner
former. The paper as it comes up to these guides or pressing plates is controlled by
adjustable fingers, one of which is of a hook form, and overlaps the pasted edge of
the outer sheet, keeping it out of contact with the other edge of the same sheet
until the point is reached where the guides or pressing plates close in the tube.
this point the inner former is reduced in width somewhat, so that the width first
given to the tubes is slightly less than that to which they are afterwards spread
where the inner former is reduced in width somewhat, so that the width first given
to the tube is slightly less than that to which they are afterwards spread where the
inner former assumes its full width. Here the pasted joints are closed by the
pressure of a pair of rollers, one below and the other above the formers. The lower
roller is grooved in the middle, so that without pressing on the outer former it
supports the inner former on each side. The upper roller being plain or ungrooved,
presses the pasted edges down upon the former, and closes them securely. Imme-
diately beyond the pressing rollers are a pair of drawing rollers, which being driven
and nipping the paper between them, draw it forward through the machine. These
rollers are both of them recessed in the middle, and the upper former is here reduced
in width, thus both the formers pass freely between these rollers, and the paper only
is nipped. The double tube of paper, being now complete, passes off the formers
and beneath a fixed blade, which is serrated in the same way as the ends of the
formers. The end of the paper tube as it is delivered is caught by another pair of
rollers, and as the tube is thus held distended it is struck from the under side by an
arm carried upon a rotating axis. The paper being thus pressed smartly upwards
against the serrated ends of the two formers and the edge of the fixed blade is
broken, and from the positions of the serrated edges the fracture takes place in a
step-like manner. The thicknesses of paper above the inner former come against
the edge of the fixed blade, and are broken nearest to the entrance end of the
machine. Next the under side of the lining tube is broken against the end of the
inner former; and lastly, the under side of the outer tube is broken against the end

page_text: of the outer former. Thus double bag blanks are produced with great rapidity, and
these require to finish them only that the end of each should be pasted and folded
over. This can either be done by hand or by machinery. In some cases the
serrated head of,the inner former is dispensed with, and the tube end is then broken
in two steps only, which however suffices to admit of a secure closing being made
by pasting and turning over the end.
The serrated head of the inner former is made somewhat narrower than the width
of this former where it is at its full size. The head of the outer former also is rather
smaller than that of the inner former; this is done to lessen the friction of the
tube upon the formers and to prevent undue spreading of the outer tube.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
25
the said Sydney Pitt in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 17th April 1879.
SYDNEY PITT, of Sutton, in the County of Surrey. 'IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF PAPER BAGS, AND IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED IN THIS MANU-
FACTURE." (A communication from abroad by Frederick Errenger Porter and
Rodney B. Smith, both of the City of Baltimore, in the State of Maryland, United
States of America.)
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of paper bags,
and in machinery employed in this manufacture. It is communicated to me by my
correspondent as follows:-
My object mainly is to produce automatically duplex bags, that is to say, bags
made from two separate papers, one of which forms the outside and the other the
lining. In some instances the lining may be of the same quality and color of paper
as the outside, but usually the bags are made with their insides or linings of a white
or suitably colored paper, which when the bags are used will show off their contents
to advantage, and an outer paper of stronger, cheaper, and coarser material, either
bleached or unbleached.
Heretofore double bags have been produced automatically from short blanks, that
is to say, from two sheets of paper cut to the length to form a bag before tubing or
folding the paper, and it has been a common custom with druggists and others to
line bags by hand with a paper of a color best suited to display the substances to
be placed in them to advantage, and also to use for such lining chemically-prepared
papers to resist the action of certain drugs, &c. The making of such bags by hand
is slow and expensive, whether the lining is composed of separately made complete
bags or sheets of paper folded and pasted in place. The making of lined bags from
successively cut duplicate untubed bag blanks or double flat sheets of short lengths
suited to the lengths of bags desired and then tubing or forming the tubes and
pasting their edges together, and finally producing duplex bags, involves a
mode of operation differing essentially from that herein-after pointed out, and
necessitates the employment of very dissimilar and complicated mechanism uncertain
in action and requiring great care and attention. Besides, bags so made ‹liffer in
the formation of the bottoms from those made by my methods and mechanism.
By my improvements I automatically and simultaneously form two tubes, one
within the other, from two sheets or webs of paper taken from their respective
rolls. The duplex tube thus formed is severed into lengths suitable for the bags.
The manner of severing the two tubes is such as to facilitate the application of paste
to the bottoms so as securely to hold the linings and outsides together when folded
to form the bottoms.
By my improvements I am also enabled to produce duplex tubes and double
tubular blanks with the inner or lining tube of a double tube or duplex tubular
blank snugly fitting in or filling out the outer or enveloping tube thereof, whereby
the one tube will support and strengthen and in turn be sustained and reinforced by
the other.
Besides other novel features in the method or art of manufacture my Invention
consists :-
In a novel method or improvement in the art of automatically and simultaneously
forming duplex tubes, which consists in giving to the inner and outer tubes pre-
liminarily and preparatory to the pressing down of their pasted seams a width less
than that which both tubes are finally caused to assume uniformly or together.
Also in a novel method or improvement in the art of automatically and simul-
taneously forming double tubes, the one tube within the other, which consists in
expanding or pressing outwards the tube from within after their preliminary
formation, and thus causing the inner tube to fit closely within the outer one.
Also in a novel method or improvement in the art of automatically and simul-

page_text: taneously forming duplex tubes and double tubular blanks, which consists in giving
to the tube preliminarily a width less than that of the finished tube or complete
bag blank by pressing in the tube (both the lining and outside) at its sides or edges
in the process of formation, then spreading the tube from within (expanding both
lining and outside together and alike), and pressing down the pasted seams
preparatory to severing blanks therefrom."
My Invention further consists in certain novel organizations of parts and in
combinations of devices for carrying out my improvements.
The subject matter claimed will herein-after specifically be designated.
In the accompanying Drawings, which show so much of suitable apparatus as is
necessary to illustrate my Invention, I have shewn all my improvements or means
for carrying out my improvements as embodied in the best form now known to me.
Obviously however some of the improvements may be used without the others, or in
an organization of mechanism differing in some respects from that therein shown
and herein-after specifically described.
I have shown and described suitable mechanism for applying paste to the ends of
the tubes and for forming the bag bottoms, but any other of the suitable and well-
known machines adapted to the purpose and commonly used in the manufacture of
single bags may be employed, or the bottom pasting and folding may be done by
hand.
Figure 1 is a side elevation; Figure 2, a plan or top view; Figure 3, a similar
view to Figure 2, except that the paper is removed, and parts are shown in
section on the line 3, 3, of Figure 4; Figure 4, a longitudinal vertical section
on the line 4, 4, of Figure 2; Figure 5, a view in elevation on an enlarged scale
of the drawing and former supporting rolls with the formers in section in the
plane of the line 5, 5, of Figure 2; Figure 6, a view in elevation on an enlarged
scale with parts in transverse section on the line 6, 6, of Figure 2, showing the
pressing or folding finger, which causes the overlapping edge of the inner strip of
paper to adhere to the opposite pasted edge to form the inner lining tube; Figure 7,
a view on an enlarged scale, partly in elevation and partly in section, in the plane
of the line 7, 7, of Figure 2, showing the seam pressing rolls, formers, and complete
tubes; Figure 8, a view on an enlarged scale, partly in elevation and partly in
section, on the line 8, 8, of Figure 2, showing the relative arrangement and manner
of supporting the two formers at their inner ends where the paper is first acted
upon by them; Figure 8 is a plan or top view on an enlarged scale with parts
broken away, representing the manner of forming and contracting the double tube
to give it preliminarily a width less than that to which it is afterwards expanded;
Figure Sb, a view, partly in elevation and partly in section, on the lines 8b, 8b, of
Figures 2 and 8; Figure 9, an enlarged view, partly in section, on the line 9, 9, of
Figure 2, showing the roll, over which the two sheets of paper pass to the former
and the pasting devices; Figure 10 is a plan view of a portion of the delivery end
of the machine, especially designed to show the devices for severing the bag blanks
from the tube and pasting the bottoms; Figure 11, a side elevation thereof, and
Figure 12 a section on the line 12, 12, of Figure 10; Figures 13, 14, 15, and 16
are views somewhat exaggerated or magnified of the duplex tubular bag blanks
and the complete bag; Figure 13 is a plan of the blank as delivered from the
formers; Figure 14, a longitudinal section therethrough on the line 14, 14, of
Figure 13; Figure 15, a plan of the bag; and Figure 16, a section on the line 16, 16,
of Figure 15; Figure 17 is a plan or top view with parts broken away of a portion
of the machine of somewhat modified construction; Figure 18 is a section on the
line 18, 18, of Figure 17; and Figures 19 and 20 respectively longitudinal sections
of portions of a tubular blank and a bag somewhat modified.
A suitable supporting frame bed or table A is mounted on legs A¹ or otherwise,
as desired. At the front end of the frame two rollers carry rolls B, B', of paper
composed of long webs or sheets of the proper width for the bags to be made. The
two sheets are preferably of corresponding width, but the inner one may bẹ

page_text: narrower than the outer one. Suitable springs to keep the requisite tension upon
the rolls to prevent too free unwinding of the paper are employed as usual.
The
rolls are supported in standards, the roll B in this instance being above and in
advance of the roll B¹. The paper rolls are so arranged relatively to each other, or
the paper so wound upon the rollers, as to cause the edge a of the paper as drawn
from the top roll B to overlap the edge a¹ of the paper supplied from the bottom
roll B', as seen in Figures 2 and 9. The upper roll B supplies the lining paper, or
that from which the inner tube is formed, and the roll B¹ supplies the paper for
the outer tube. It is obvious that the two sheets might be rolled up together upon
a single shaft or roll in such manner as to be supplied therefrom with one edge of
one sheet projecting beyond the corresponding edge of the other sheet; or the two
rolls might be suitably located, otherwise than shown by the Drawings.
The two sheets of paper are simultaneously drawn, as will herein-after be
described, from the rolls and pass in contact with each other, except at the edges
(see Figures 2 and 9) over a supporting and guiding roller C fast upon a shaft C¹
turning freely in suitable bearings in uprights on the frame A.
As the paper
passes over this roller the under surface of the edges a and a¹ of the two sheets are
simultaneously pasted by suitable paste-applying devices, which cause the paste to
adhere in parallel lines upon the paper at or near the edges. The paste is shown
by the Drawings as applied by the two revolving wheels D, D¹, fast on the shaft C¹,
and taking up the paste from a reservoir D². These wheels are properly arranged,
so as not to apply the paste in such manner as to cause the two sheets to adhere;
and they are preferably made of a diameter slightly exceeding that of the roller C,
so as to bear with sufficient force on the sheets of paper under tension to insure a
proper application of the paste. By making the paste wheels project slightly
above the roller C they strain the paper somewhat at the edges, and travel for a
short portion of their revolution in contact with the paper, thus rendering a failure
to uniformly apply the lines of paste to the two sheets hardly possible.
The two sheets next are acted upon by the wheels (or it may be a roller) E, E¹,
beneath which they pass downwardly from the roller C. These wheels press upon
the sheets while they are under tension, and depress their central portions and
create a tendency of the edges of the sheets to curl or bend upward as is well
understood preparatory to the passage of the paper to a former or tubing devices.
I have adapted two formers to the simultaneous and continuous forming of two
tubes, the one tube within the other, and the two separate and wholly unconnected
with each other except by mere frictional contact of their contiguous surfaces.
Obviously paste might readily be so applied to one or both sheets of paper as to
cause them to adhere together so as to have the inner tube or lining and the outer
tube secured together, but I prefer to have them wholly unconnected, and to unite
the properly severed sections of the finished tubes together afterward at the bag
bottoms only by applying paste to the double tubular blanks and folding over the
bottoms as will herein-after be explained,
The outside former, or the bottom one, around which the outer tube is formed, is
composed of a plate or mandrel F, suspended at its inner end from an arched
support or bridge F¹, secured to the frame or table A. The former is supported
from the bridge by a bent rod or pendent centrally open bracket e. Near its outer
or free end the plate rests over or in annular grooves or recesses g, h, formed
respectively in the bottom roller G of a pair of supporting and pressing rollers and
in the corresponding roller H of a pair of supporting and drawing rollers. At its
outer end the former plate widens out, and is serrated or formed with teeth so as
to terminate in a transversely arranged row of teeth f. Intermediate its ends the
former plate is supported by a roller F" (or it may be several rollers, according to
the length of the plate) which roller raises the bottom surface of the plate above
the table a distance sufficient to prevent frictional contact between the paper and
table. Were the paper drawn along with its under side in contact with the table A
the frictional contact between rough surfaced paper and the table would sometimes

page_text: wrinkle and again tear the paper. The lining former or device for tubing the
sheet drawn from the roll B is shorter than the bottom frame F, and consists of a
plate or mandrel I wider than the bottom former, and suspended at its inner end
from a supporting bracket or peculiarly curved overhanging framo I a little in
advance of the bridge or support F. This bracket it should be observed is secured
at its ends to the frame or table A, and projects from each end upward, and then
inward and downward, being fastened at its centre to a forming block 12 on the
top of the plate I. A space is left between the top and bottom plates or formers F, I,
amply sufficient to allow the paper for forming the lining tube to pass between
them. The top former has a serrated end J, and is cut away or reduced in width
near its outer end to form a neck ȧ, this neck being slightly wider than the bottom
former. The serrated end of the bottom former projects a short distance beyond
the corresponding end of the top former, and is preferably made of a width a little
less, but very slightly less than that of the top former for a purpose herein-after
explained (see dotted lines, Figure 3). By continuing the broad portion of the top
former or plate I to or slightly beyond the vertical plane of the longitudinal centre.
of the roller G; this plate is supported at its shoulder J¹ by the roller, and held at
the proper distance above the lower former to accommodate the paper between them
(see Figures 3 and 7) while the neck ȧ comes opposite the annular groove h¹ in the
drawing roller H¹, which is wider than the groove h in the roller H, and prevents
the paper being clamped upon the plate by the pressure of the rollers H, H', while
insuring a proper bite or pressure of the draw rolls upon the paper at each
side of the former neck, as will readily be understood by an inspection of the
Drawings.
A stationary serrated plate or fixed cutter J crosses above the formers so as to
lie upon or close to and slightly above the upper surface of the outer tube. This
knife or cutter is secured at its ends to the opposite sides of the frame, and is
preferably inclined so as to depress its toothed edge, which edge is about as far
from the toothed end J of the upper former as this toothed end is from the cor-
responding outer end f of the bottom former. The object of this construction and
relative arrangement will herein-after be explained.
A pressing finger K for acting on the paper to aid in forming the tube and to
counteract the tendency of the paper to curl up or wrinkle at its pasted edge is
secured by an adjustable pivot or screw to the table, and bears at its inner end
upon the outer paper quite near its pasted edge. A curved or hook-ended pressing
and folding finger or rod L crosses above the pasted edge of the outer sheet, and
acts upon the overlapping edge of the lining paper to press it down upon the
pasted edge.
The bottom former or tubing plate F is made narrow throughout except at its
cutting end, so as to guard against making the outer or covering tube too large,
and the top former or tubing plate I is made quite wide as compared with the
bottom former throughout its length, by preference, except at the neck i and at a
point near the former-supporting and seam-pressing rollers G, G', where it is
slightly narrowed, cut away, or recessed as at f1, f¹. These edge recesses terminate
in the shoulder J' (see Figures 3 and 80 and others) where the former again widens
out to the width of its main part, or it may be to a slightly greater width. This
shoulder, as before stated, extends to or crosses slightly beyond the vertical plane
of the longitudinal centres of the rollers G, G¹. It is to avoid strain upon or undue
spreading of the outer tube that the serrated end of the bottom former is made a
fraction narrower than the serrated end of the top former which acts upon both
tubes alike; and to ensure proper work the serrated end of the top former should
be slightly narrower than the shoulder J.
At the sides of the narrowed part or curved recesses f¹, f¹, of the top former are
adjustably secured two tube-contracting or edge-pressing forming plates or
guides M, M'. These tube-pressing plates embrace the former at its edges and the
duplex tube at its opposite edges, and press inward both the inner and the outer
papers or partially formed tubes together to give the double tube preliminary and

page_text: preparatory to pressing down the seams or pasted edges of the tube, a width less
than that to which it is subsequently spread when expanded on the shoulder J of
the former. When the two tubes are thus spread from within or immediately after
so spreading them together the rollers G, G¹, press down the pasted seams, and the
finished duplex tube is severed at intervals into lengths for bag blanks, etc.
The edge guides or tube-contracting forming plates M, M³, are forked or slotted
at their outer ends, as clearly shown in the Drawings, to ensure proper action.
While I have described the bottom former as made narrow and of corresponding
width throughout, except at and near its serrated end, and deem this the preferable
way of making it, it is obvious that it might be made of a greater width, so long
as not made so wide as to exceed the width of the top former at f, and if so made
it is provided with a neck f₁ to enter the grooves g, h, in the rolls G, H, see
Figure 17.
The tube-pressing or forming plates M, M², give the proper preliminary shape to
the tubes, and nid also in pressing down the pasted seams preparatory to the action
of the pressing rolls G, G.
The double tube, after passing beyond the ends of the formers, is acted upon by
supplementary or bag blank drawing and feeding rollers N, N', driven from the
driving shaft or lower draw roller H by gearing 0, 0, 0%, connecting the driving
roller with the lower roller N. In this way the end of the tube is nipped between
and carried forward by the rollers N, N', and held under tension during the
operation of a tube-deflecting rod or striker P fast on a shaft N2 in line with the
shaft of the roller N, and revolved by gearing 0%, 0, 05, so as to strike the tube
from below, and quickly press it upward against the ends of the formers as well as
against the knife J, to separate the bag blanks Q therefrom at regular intervals.
Any suitable means may be employed to guide the end of the tube to the rollers
N, N', to insure the proper operation of the mechanism. The plate R serves the
purpose in this instance, and a plate R¹ delivers the blanks to the bottom pasting
devices, the operation of which will be readily understood from an inspection of the
Drawings, see Figures 10, 11, and 12, in which T, T, are rolls between which the
blank is fed and its bottom doubled over or folded and pasted by the swinging or
vertically vibrated paster U, which scrapes its supply of paste from the paste roll V
and works in a well-known way.
The pressing rollers, tube-drawing rollers, supplementary or blank-drawing
rollers, and bottom-forming rollers, are preferably self-adjusting relatively to each
other to suit variations in the thickness of the tube.
In operation the two sheets of paper have, of course, to be fed along by hand,
and properly adjusted upon the machine as far as the drawing rolls H, H', the lower
one of which is a driving roll, to which power is applied in any suitable way. The
outside paper B¹ passes beneath the bottom former, while the lining paper B passes
between the two formers, being first led through the open pendent frame or suspend-
ing bracket of the bridge F¹ between its sides or arms c. The outer paper passes out-
side or around this suspending bracket. At proper intervals, according to the
length of blanks desired, as the two sheets are thus tubed one within the other by
the continuous operation of the mechanism, the striker P is thrown up, and severs
from the double tube a duplex bag blank, with exposed end portions or edges of
both the inner and outer tube, so that paste may be applied to the inside of the
lip or edge S of the outer tube, and to the inside of the lip or edge S¹ of the inner
tube. These exposed edges or lips extend the full width of the blank, so as to
secure a proper adhesion of the pasted end to the body of the blank when folded
over to form the bottom. The severing is done on three lines, or by three simul-
taneous cuts at short distances apart. The cut caused by the sudden upward
deflection and strain of the paper against the cutter J² severs the top sides of the
two tubes, substantially in the same line. In practice, owing to the rapid move-
ment of the paper through the machine, there is a very slight projection of the
lining tube beyond the outer tube at the upper cut, but it is not material, especially
when three cuts are made, that it should so project. The intermediate cut pro-

page_text: duced by the pressure of the paper upward against the cutting end J of the former I
severs the under side of the lining tube and forms the lip S¹, while the cut by the
end f of the bottom former severs the lower side of the inclosing tube. As severed,
the duplex tubular blanks pass directly to the suitable bottom pasting and folding
machine, or the work may be done by hand.
As before stated, my improvements are most particularly designed for the manu-
facture of bags for the use of druggists. The bags are most generally lined with
white or with blue paper, chemically treated, so that the colors will not be affected
by alkalies, &c. My improvements are, however, applicable to the manufacture of
bags from two sheets of paper of any desired colors, or of different qualities and
thicknesses, or of similar quality and color, each sheet being of, say, half the weight
of the paper usually employed to make single bags. One of the sheets may be
bleached and the other unbleached. One sheet may be treated so as to resist
moisture, and by using a close texture paper, glazed paper, or paper impervious (or
nearly so) to air, the aroma of substances with which the bags may be filled, such
as coffee, spices, &c., is prevented from escaping. The bags are well suited for the
use of confectioners, paint dealers, &c. By using two sheets of paper together,
making up a duplex tubular blank of the same weight as a single blank as ordinarily
made, I produce a stronger and a more secure bag, for it is obvious that, should
there be a weak place in the one blank, it would be protected by the other, and as
the blanks or double bags are connected only at their bottoms, any injury to the
one does not necessarily weaken the other. The paper of each blank or bag is free
to stretch and conform to the proper shape independently of the other, while each
strengthens the other.
Obviously, one of the webs or sheets may be of linen, muslin, or any suitable
fabric, so as to form duplex blanks with one tube only (either the outer or the
inner one) of paper. The blank may be cut on a single line in some cases, when
they are to be used as tubes or casings only, as, for instance, for file wrapper or
covers for papers, &c. When so severed the serrated end of the bottom former may
terminate flush with or in the vertical plane of the cutting edge of the stationary
knife J, or the formers may both terminate short of this knife, and the cutting be
done wholly by pressing the tubes against the knife. In some instances, especially
where duplex tubes are to be severed into blanks by a single cut, so that their ends
will terminate on the same line, or practically flush with each other, I may use a
single former and carry out my Invention so far as relates to my improvement in
the art of automatically forming double tubes by simultaneously and continuously
drawing along two separate sheets independently, pasting their edges while the
sheets are on the way to the former, and forming two flattened tubes with parallel ·
straight seams at a single operation preparatory to severing into blanks.
In Figures 17 and 18, the top former I terminates at the pressing rollers G, G¹,
(the top roller being removed to more clearly show the parts) the neck i and
cutting end J being dispensed with. In this manner the pushing feed of the end
tube beyond the rollers H, H', is facilitated, as friction which would be created on
the bottom side of the inner tube between the formers were the top former extended
is avoided. In this modified organization of mechanism the blanks are severed on
two cuts, as at Figure 19, and the bag bottoms are formed by folding, as shown by
Figure 20. When properly pasted and doubled over the two tubes are securely
held together by the pasted lip and the fold.
Instead of the single supporting roller C or its equivalent with the two paste
wheels, as before described, it is obvious that a second roller, with a paste wheel and
reservoir might be mounted over the first, and the papers pass separately over these
rollers to be pasted.
Each
A single former, such as the bottom one shown in Figures 17 and 18, in connec-
may
tion with the pasting and folding mechanism, the knife J and striker P,
obviously be employed without the top former to produce the duplex blanks.
duplex blank so formed would be severed by one cut at top, that is, it would be
cut at the end through both the outer and inner upper sides of the tube on

page_text: the same line, while the bottom cut would be through the lower side of both the
outer and inner tube on a single line in advance of the upper cut, thus forming two
corresponding lips or projecting ends, one on the inner and the other on the outer
tube. By cutting off or folding in the lip of the inner tube a blank, corresponding
at its bottom or folding end with that. shown either in Figure 14 or Figure 19,
would be produced to be made into a bag, as in Figure 16 or Figure 20, and this
without departing from an important part of my Invention, which consists in con-
tinuously and simultaneously drawing along two separate sheets, applying paste to
their edges, forming the flat tubes one within the other, and pressing down the
parallel longitudinal seams, and then severing the tubes by different cuts on
parallel lines.
Obviously there are other ways or modifications than those particularly pointed
out of producing my improved double bags and duplex tubular blanks, and it is
manifest that my novel methods or improvements in the art may be worked out
or practiced by the employment of mechanism differing from that specifically
described and shown by the Drawings. For instance, the preliminary contraction
or narrowing of the tube at starting may be omitted without depriving my Inven-
tion of novelty as regards many features; or, instead of the forked guides or tube
edge-pressing plates M, M¹, grooved forming rollers might be used, the top former
may be made quite narrow from its recesses f', f¹, to its heel or suspended end, a
recess in one side only of the former might measurably serve in connection with one
of the guides or edge-pressing plates, or its equivalent to give the reduced starting
'or preliminary width of the tube. But I deem it preferable to employ the identical
mechanism specifically described and shown by the Drawings, as such mechanism
answers well for the new manufacture of bags, etc., and for working out my im-
proved methods or novel steps in the art of making double tubes and duplex bags.
I disclaim all improvements on bag machines and bags in use prior to this
Invention.
I claim as follows:-
1. As an improvement in the art of manufacturing tubes for paper bags, &c., by
machinery the herein-before described method of simultaneously and continuously
forming two flattened tubes with parallel pasted seams, the one within the other,
from two separate sheets or webs of paper, preparatory to severing into short
lengths or duplex blanks.
2. As an improvement in the art of manufacturing paper bags by machinery
which simultaneously forms two unconnected tubes, the one within the other, from
two sheets or webs of paper, the herein-before described method of simultaneously
drawing the two papers along, applying paste to one edge of each sheet forming the
tubes, and pressing down the pasted seams preparatory to severing blanks from
the duplex tube connected with the sheets or webs from which it is continuously
formed.
3 As an improvement in the art of manufacturing paper tubes for bags, &c., the
herein-before described method of simultaneously and continuously forming two
flattened parallel-seamed tubes, the one within the other, and subsequently severing
the tubes at intervals to form blanks.
.
4. As an improvement in the art of manufacturing paper bags by machinery the
herein-before described method of simultaneously forming two tubes, the one within
the other, and after so forming them severing tho tubes at intervals to form duplex
bag blanks, having exposed end projections or lips on the outer tubes, or on both
the outer and inner tubes, to receive the paste for securing the bottoms.
5 As an improvement in the art of manufacturing duplex tubes for paper bags,
etc., automatically, the herein-before described method of giving the inner and outer
tubes, preliminary, and preparatory to the pressing of their pasted seams, a width
less than that which both tubes are finally caused to assume together by their
uniform expansion.
6. As an improvement in the art of manufacturing duplex tubes for paper bags,
etc., the herein-before described method of simultaneously, automatically, and

page_text: uniformly expanding the tubes after their preliminary formation, which consists in
pressing outward the tubes from within, to cause the lining tube to fit snugly in or.
fill the outer or covering tube.
7. As an improvement in the art of manufacturing duplex tubes and double.
tubular blanks for bags, etc., by machinery the herein-before described method of
forming the tubes preliminarily of a width less than that of the finished tube or
complete bag blank by pressing in the tube at its sides or edges in the process of.
formation, then spreading the tube and pressing down the pasted seams preparatory
to severing blanks therefrom.
8. As an improvement in the art of manufacturing paper bags the herein-before:
described method of uniting two tubular blanks, the one within the other, which
consists in cutting the ends of the tubes (previously formed from long webs or uncut,
sheets) on parallel lines to form exposed projecting lips on the inner and outer tubes,
or on the outer tubes alone, applying paste to said lips, and folding them upon the
body of the blank.
9. The herein-before described duplex bag blank, the same consisting of an inner
and an outer tube made up of a uniform number of thicknesses of paper throughout,.
except at the longitudinal laps or seams, and having no transverse laps or seams,
and terminating at the end in exposed parallel projections or lips on the inner
and outer tubes, the cuts producing such lips extending the width of the tubes.
only.
10. The peculiar lined or duplex bag herein-before described, the same consisting
of independent inner and outer tubes united together at the bottom by, pasting and
folding, and unconnected elsewhere, the said bag being made up from a blank of a.
uniform number of thicknesses of paper throughout, except at the longitudinal laps
or seams, and having no other laps or seams whatever except those produced by the
pasting down of the lips formed by cuts extending the width of the tubular blank,
only.
11. The combination, substantially as herein-before set forth, of mechanism for
supplying two sheets of paper and applying paste to the edges thereof, said
mechanism being and operating substantially as described, and two formers to which
the sheets of paper pass, along which they are drawn, and upon which they, are
simultaneously formed into an inner and an outer tube.
12. The combination of the former F, the supporting arch or bridge, the annu-
larly-grooved pressing roller, and the annularly-grooved drawing roller,. sub-.
stantially as set forth.
13. The combination, substantially as herein-before set forth, of the top former
and the bottom former projecting beyond the top former, and having a serrated;
end.
14. The combination of a bottom former, the supporting arch or bridge, its sus-
pending centrally open top bracket, a top former, and its supporting, bracket, these
members being constructed and operating substantially as herein-before set forth.
15. The combination, substantially as herein-before set forth, of the paper-sup-
plying rollers, the paste wheels, the paste reservoir, the depressing wheels, the
formers and their supports, whereby the edges of the paper are pasted on the way to
the formers, and the two sheets properly presented to the formers to be formed into
a double tube as drawn along them from the supplying rollers.
16. The combination, substantially as herein-before set forth, of a roller G having
an annular groove, the bottom former adapted to enter said groove, and the top
former supported on said roller and held above the bottom former.
17. The combination of the two formers, such as described, the annularly-grooved
roller G, the groove of which receives the bottom former, and upon which roller the
shoulder of the top former is supported, substantially as herein-before set forth.
18. The combination, substantially as herein-before set forth, of the two formers
and the drawing rollers having annular grooves of different widths to receive the
bottom former and the neck of the top former, whereby the clamping of the paper

page_text: between the formers or between them and the rollers is avoided and the bite of the
rollers upon the paper at the sides of the former neck is insured.
19 The combination, substantially as herein-before set forth, of two formers
arranged one above the other and terminating in serrated ends, with the end of the
bottom former projecting slightly beyond that of the top former and the stationary
cutter above, and at a slight distance back from the end of the top former, whereby
the blanks may be severed on three lines.
20. The combination, substantially are herein-before set forth, of two formers
having serrated ends, the one projecting beyond the other mechanisin, essentially
such as described, for supplying two sheets of paper to the formers, drawing them
along the formers, and simultaneously forming then into two tubes, one within the
other, the cutter above the former, beyond which cutter the serrated ends of the
formers project, and a striker to deflect the paper upward and sever the duplex
blanks on different lines, whereby lips for pasting are formed upon both the inner
and outer tubes of the blank, as set forth.
21. The combination, substantially as herein-before set forth, of two formers upon
which two tubes are simultaneously formed, one within the other, and the pressing
finger K acting upon the paper near its pasted edge, for the purpose specified.
22. The combination, substantially as herein-before set forth, of the two formers
and the curved hook-ended pressing finger crossing the pasted edge of the outer
tube and acting upon the inner tube, for the purpose specified.
23. The combination, substantially as herein-before set forth, of the recessed or
narrowed former around which the paper to form the duplex tube passes, and the
tube edge pressing plates or forming guides acting upon the tube and former to give
the preliminary contracted width to the tube.
24. The top former having the recesses f¹, f¹, and shoulder J¹, substantially as
and for the purpose set forth.
25. The forming guides or pressing plates M, M¹, forked or slotted to embrace the
former and tube edges, substantially as described.
26. The combination, substantially as herein-before set forth, of the narrow
bottom former, the wide top former cut away or recessed at its sides and provided
with a shoulder and means, substantially such as described for pressing the double
tube inward at its edges, whereby the tube is first formed at the recesses in the
former of a less width than that to which it is subsequently spread by the former
shoulder preparatory to pressing down the pasted seams.
27. Finally, the improvements in mechanism, essentially such as herein-before
described, and illustrated by the Drawings, and in the manner of making duplex
tubes, double tubular blanks, and lined bags, substantially as herein-before set
forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Sydney Pitt, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of February, in the year of our Lord
night hundred and garranty nina