Improvements in the Method of and Means for Inducing Magnetism in Magnetic Circuits, applicable to Alternating Current Motors, Transformers, and the like
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Aug., 1899-Accepted, 27th Jan., 1900
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of and Means for Inducing Magnetism in
Magnetic Circuits, applicable to Alternating Current Motors,
Transformers, and the like.
We, THE BRITISH THOMSON-HOUSTON COMPANY, LIMITED, of 83, Cannon Street,
in the City of London, Electrical Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention (which has been communicated to us from abroad by Charles P.
Steinmetz, residing at Schenectady, in the County of Schenectady, State of New
York, United States of America, Electrical Engineer) and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
The present invention relates to certain novel methods of, and means for,
inducing magnetism in magnetic circuits, and utilizing the magnetism so
developed for producing rotation in alternating current motive devices, or for
transforming alternating currents and at the same time changing the phase
relation of the currents so transformed.
The invention will be hereinafter more particularly described, as embodied
both in a novel form of alternating current motor and in special arrangements
of transformers. In the particular apparatus of both of these types in which
the invention is shown embodied, magnetism is induced in two or more magnetic
crcuits by the combined magnetizing action of alternating single-phase electric
currents, serving as a primary exciting medium, and secondary currents in a
closed circuit in inductive relation to the circuit of the first named currents,
and the phases of magnetism in the magnetic circuits are controlled, adjusted
or varied by properly proportioning or varying the relative magnetizing powers
of the currents upon the different magnetic circuits. In other words, we can
and do vary the time of the maximum phases of magnetization in any one of
the magnetic circuits, so that it will occur at any predetermined tinie before
or after the maximum electric phases of the electric currents fed into the
apparatus, because the magnetic phases in the magnetic circuits will conform to
the resultant of the magneto-motive forces induced by the different currents
exciting the circuits, and this resultant will not conform in phase relation to
either of the exciting currents alone. The resultant magnetic phases can therefore
be made to differ to any desired extent from the phases of the magnetizing
currents, such differences being established by suitably proportioning the mag-
netizing powers of the different currents upon the several magnetic circuits, and
by appropriately varying the magnetic resistance of the several magnetic circuits,
said resistance with the lag of the electric phases of the secondary currents
behind the electric phases of the primary currents, enabling us to provide in a
series of magnetic circuits, a rotation of the line of magnetization, as for certain
types of alternating motors; or with alternating currents of a single phase, or

page_text: indeed, any phase relation to induce alternating currents of different phase
relation when said magnetic circuits are employed as in transformers.
The novelty of the invention, as set forth in the claims, is, however in many
respects broader than the general description just given of the special embodi-
ments of the invention hereinafter to be described, and we refer to the claims
forming part of this specification as setting forth generally as well as more
specifically, what we believe to be the points of novelty in the present invention.
Referring to the drawings Figs. 1 and 2 illustrate in two sections at right
angles to each other, an alternating current motor designed to operate in accor-
dance with the present invention, in which the armature is surrounded longitu-
dinally by the field coils. Fig. 2 is taken on the section line x-x, Fig. 1.
Figs. 3 and 4 illustrate in two similar sectional views another form of alter-
nating current motor. Fig. 4 is taken on the section line 3-y of Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is an end view of an alternating-current motor, in which the armature
is surrounded by a field magnet having multiple field poles provided with a
suitable arrangement of field coils.
Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic view of the winding of the field coils of an alternating
motor of the type herein described.
Figs. 7 to 12 illustrate the invention as applied to an alternating-current motor
of small power, for example, one suitable for use in connection with an electric
meter.
Fig. 13, 14 and 15 illustrate an armature well adapted for use in such meters.
Fig. 16 is a diagrammatic illustration of the manner of applying the invention
to transformers.
Fig. 17 is a diagrammatic illustration of a series of transformers connected in
tandem, as will be hereinafter described, and Fig. 18 is an illustrative diagram
which will be referred to later on in describing certain of the electrical actions
involved in the invention.
The form of motor illustrated in Figs. 1, 2 and 6 will be first described.
The armature A is in this machine the rotating element and it may be widely
varied in character. As here shown, it comprises a cylindrical mass of laminated
magnetic metal mounted upon a suitable shaft a which may be provided with a
pulley or other means for transmitting its rotative power. The iron forming
the field magnets of this machine consists of two laminated masses B, B', separated
from each other on a line parallel with the axis of the armature by spaces, as
indicated at b, 6. These masses of magnetic metal are supported in position by
a suitable frame of non-magnetic material, best seen in Fig. 2, having end
pieces cc connected by cross bolts c¹ and brackets 2 affording bearings for the
armature shaft. Each of these masses of iron affords appropriate concave cheek
faces or poles and d². The cheek faces dare separated by a
rectangular recess for the reception of the sides of substantially rectangular
field coils, and the same is true of the faces de d³, but the faces d¹ and 2
and d³ and d are not only separated by similar recesses but also by the air
spaces b, . Assuming now that these masses of metal have been magnetized, it
will be seen that there are four co-operating magnetic circuits, to wit: the first
from d to d, to the rear of the intervening recess, and including an appropriate
portion of the magnetic metal of the armature A. In this circuit there is a
minimum of magnetic resistance, the latter only resulting from the restricted
annular air spaces necessarily present beween the cheek faces and the armature.
Second. in the magnetic circuit from to special magnetic resistance is
afforded by the air space ; third, from d² to d³ there is a minimum resistance
as in the first circuit, and the last or fourth circuit from 13 to 1) there is the
same special resistance as in the second circuit, because of the air space B.
There is, therefore, in this machine, a series of magnetic circuits, each one of
which is between two magnetic circuits which have either a greater or lesser
magnetic resistance than it.
The magnetization of the field metal depends upon the currents supplied to

page_text: the coils, which, as already stated, longitudinally surround the armature A, and
have their sides within the recesses between the cheek faces. These coils are
clearly indicated in Figs. 1 and 2, and they are divided into two groups at right
angles to each other. Although each group includes four coils considered as
separate structures, there are in substance, but two coils in each group, the
separation of each coil into two parts being merely for securing their symetrical
distribution across the ends of the armature, and with relation to the armature
shaft. Two of these coils in each group are in a circuit with a source of alter-
nating single-phase currents, which, for example, entering at C, pass into one
section of coils D and then directly to the other section D, thence around to a
smaller coil D to the second section of this coil D³, and hence out at C. The
other two coils of each group are secondary coils in a closed circuit having a
resistance therein, as at R, the connections being from R, through E to the
coil F, thence to coil F, thence around to coil F thence to coil and by E¹
to resistance R.
The electrical organization of the field coils is diagrammatically illustrated
in Fig. 6, wherein the sub-division of the coils is not shown, but they are
illustrated as divided into two groups of two coils each and arranged at right
angles to one another. The alternating currents enter at C, traverse the large
primary coil D, and thence through the small primary coil D at right angles
to D, and thence out at E, the large secondary coil is placed along side of
the small primary coil D2 and the small secondary coil F2 along side the large
primary coil D.
The two secondary coils are in a closed circuit with the
resistance R, as already described.
These coils afford two sets of magnetizing circuits whose axes are at right
angles to one another, the large primary coil 1 and small secondary coil f³
affording circuits having a magnetic axis in one direction and the large secondary
coil F, and the small primary coil D2 circuits having a magnetic axis at right
angles to that of coils D and F2. Supplying alternating electric currents to the
primary coils D and D2, produces secondary currents in the coils F and F3, and
the strength of the secondary currents is regulated or determined by the
resistance in the secondary circuit. For illustration, we will assume that the
secondary current in coils F, F2 will lag behind the primary or main current in
coils D, D by 150°, or, in other words, five twelfths of a 360 degrees period.
The magnetism in the two magnetic circuits will not follow or conform either
to the primary or secondary currents, but it will follow or correspond witli the
resultant magneto-motive force of both currents, and therefore, the maximum
of the magnetic phases will occur between the maximum electric phases of the
two currents, in other words, the resultant magnetism will reach its maximum,
succeeding the maximum action of the primary current, and preceeding the
maximum of the secondary current.
By giving the primary coil of one magnetic circuit more ampere turns and
hence more magnetizing power than the secondary coil acting on the same
magnetic circuit and in the second circuit reversing the arrangement so that the
secondary coil has greater magnetizing power than the primary coil, the mag-
netism in the first named circuit will more nearly coincide in phase with the
primary current, and in the second circuit the magnetism will more nearly
coincide in phase with the secondary current. Now on the assumption that the
secondary current lags 150 degrees or five-twelfths of a period behind the
primary current, the number of ampere turns in the different primary and
secondary coils can be readily arranged so that the magnetic maximum in one
circuit will occur one-fourth of a period after or before the maximum of mag-
netism in the other circuit. The two electromotive, forces induced in the
secondary coils and 2 will also differ correspondingly from each other in phase,
that is, one-fourth of a period and the said combined electromotive forces will
yield a secondary current with lags behind the primary current five-twelfths of⚫
a period, as before stated.

page_text: To further illustrate the large primary coil D in one magnetic circuit may
have 156 turns and the adjacent secondary coil 1 may have 90 turns, and with
the currents in both circuits of equal strength, (as may be ensured by a resis-
tance in the closed circuit), the maximum of the resultant magnetism will occur
one-twelfth of a period of 30 degrees; after the primary current, and four-
twelfths of a period or 130 degrees before the secondary current. Now, in the
other magnetic circuit the primary coil D having 30 turns, and the secondary
coil F 52 turns, the resultant magnetism in this circuit will occur four-twelfths
of a period or 130 degrees behind the primary current, and one-twelfth of a
period of 30 degrees before the secondary current, and therefore, it will occur one-
1ourth of a periód after the maximum of magnetism in the hrst circuit. That
is to say, the magnetisms in the two circuits will differ by 90 degrees in phase.
With these two circuits at right angles to each other and the primary coils fed
with alternating single-phase currents, the magnetic poles produced will be
shifted correspondingly and make one revolution or rotation of the line of mag-
netization during each period of the alternating current. By providing in the
first magnetic circuit D, F2 three times as much magnetic resistance as in the
second magnetic circuit, the magnetism afforded by the two circuits will be of
equal strength, and the two electromotive forces induced in the secondary coils F
and F being proportioned to each other as are the number of their turns, 90 to 52
the secondary current lags behind the electromotive force in F2 by one-twelfth
of a period or 30 degrees and this last electromotive force being .90 degrees
behind the magnetism of D, the resulting magnetism of D, 12. lags behind the
primary current 30 degrees, and the secondary current lags behind the primary
current 150 degrees.
Reference is made to the diagram shown in Fig. 18 in order to further
illustrate and explain the operation of the invention, and to makd more clear
the illustration discussed in the immediately preceding portions of this descrip-
tion. Assuming that the current in the secondary circuit lags 150 degrees,
behind the primary current, then the line OD in the diagram may represent
the primary current and the line OE the secondary current.
The value of the secondary current can be made equal to that of the primary
by a suitable adjustment of the resistance R in the secondary circuit. If the
primary coil has 156 turns in the first magnetic circuit its magnetizing force
can be thus represented in ampere turns by the line OD. The secondary coil
in the first magnetic circuit is assumed to have 90 turns and thus its mag-
netizing force can be represented in the diagram by the line OF, OD and OF
being proportioned respectively to 156 and 90. D and OF com-
bine by the parallelogram of forces to a resultant magnetizing force A',
which under the conditions assumed will lag 30 degrees behind OD and is 120
degrees in advance of OF². The magnetism of the first magnetic circuit is
produced by the resultant magnetizing force OA¹ and thus can be represented
by the line O M in phase with OA' (if we neglect hysteresis and other secondary
reactions).
In the second magnetic circuit the primary coil of 30 turns can be represented
in magnetizing power by O 12 and the secondary coil of 52 turns by OF, O D²,
and OF being again proportioned respectively to 30 and 52. OD and OF
combine to a resultant magnetizing force of the second magnetizing circuit O A²,
which, with the numerical values assumed is one-third as much as the resultant
magnetizing force OA¹ of the first magnetic circuit, and thus produces in the
second magnetic circuit a magnetism (M³ equal to that in the first named circuit,
since the magnetic resistance of the second magnetic circuit is one third of that
of the first magnetic circuit.
The magnetism OM2 of the second magnetic circuit is in phase with the
resultant magnetizing force OA2 of the second magnetic circuit, and thus with
the numerical values assumed, 130 degrees behind O Da and 30 degrees in
advance of O F. It is therefore apparent that O N is 90 degrees behind ON

page_text: or in other words that two equal magnetic waves fluxes, or which may be repre-
sented by ON₁ and ON, displaced from each other by 90 difference of phase,
will be produced in the two magnetic circuits under the conditions assumed.
By the combined magnetizing influence of the single-phase alternating currents
fed to the motor, and the secondary currents induced as herein described and
as represented in Figs. 1 and 2, an effective and highly satisfactory conversion
of electrical energy into mechanical motion is accomplished. In this machine
the number of ampere turns in the several coils are so proportioned, and the
variations of magnetic resistance are such, that the magnetism produced by the
coils in one circuit lags one-fourth of a period of 90 degrees behind the magnetism
produced by the coils in the other circuit, and both magnetisms being of equal
strength and perpendicular to each other cause a rotation of two oppositely induced
poles of the armature at regular and uniform speed.
As before stated, the armature may be widely varied so long as it can be
rotated by rotating magnetic poles in the field it may be of solid iron, or laminated
against eddy currents, or laminated lengthwise, so that eddy currents flowing
therein will be of such direction relatively to the magnetizing force of the field
poles, and of such difference in phase, as to cause electro-dynamic repulsion
between the field and the armature So also may be the "H" or shuttle core
used, and this is especially desirable when a motor is to be operated synchro-
nously. An armature with wire coils in closed circuits may also be used, or a
Jaminated iron core, coated with copper, or tin, for affording a special path for
induced currents.
So also may the exterior magnetic metal be widely varied in its form, arrange-
ments and distribution as for instance as shown in Figs. 3 and 4, wherein the
rotative element A' is the field magnet, and it is within a stationary iron ring B²
which may be termed the armature. The core of the magnet is composed of
laminated iron, so disposed as to afford four arms convex at their outer ends.
Two of these, diametrically opposite, as at e and e' have their convex faces
closely adjacent to the coincident inner surface of the iron rings B2, and the
other two faces and e³ are separated from said ring by wider spaces, thus
affording variable magnetic resistance. Surrounding each of the arms and e
there are large primary coils DD, and around the arms e and e¹ there are
smaller primary coils D and D, all of which, are connected in circuit with the
terminals C and C₁ by which the alternating current is supplied by way of the
brush contacts f.
Surrounding the arms e and e¹ there are also large secondary coils F' and F5
and around the arms e² and there are other secondary coils F6 and F, these
all being in one closed circuit, and including the resistance R, the latter being
in connection by way of brush contracts, at f
In this machine, as in the one first described one magnetic circuit is magnetized
by the large primaries D and D in conjunction with the small secondaries F5
and F, and the other magnetic circuit by the large secondaries F and F5 and
the small primaries D6 and 17, and their resultant operation is such that the
magnet is caused to rotate with great efficiency and at a speed corresponding with
the speed of the alternations of the electric current supplied thereto If, on the
other hand, the magnet should be stationary and the ring B2 provided with
axial supports, then the line of magnetization would be rotated as before, and the
ring would become the rotative element.
In each of the two organizations thus far described, the shifting phase is
one-quarter of a period or 90 degrees, but the shifting of phase in other propor-
tions may be readily provided for, as is illustrated in Fig. 5. In this organi-
zation the armature A2 may be as before described, but as shown it has an iron
core and a set of coils in closed circuit. The field metal B3 is an annular mass
of iron, with inwardly projecting cores, paired with each other on diagrametical
lines, as at g g', hh, jj and kk. These cores have concave faces, which are

page_text: variably separated from the surface of the armature, the pair gg having the
least spaces, the pair hh a little more, and the pair jj still more, and the
pair the greatest space thus securing variable magnetic resistance in the
magnetic circuits. The resistance of these different magnetic circuits are, as
before in Figs. 1 and 2, proportioned relatively to the magneto-motive forces so
that displaced magnetisms of equal strength are maintained.
Each of the cores carries a primary and secondary coil, and as in the other
machines, said coils are variably proportioned. The cores gg' have the largest
primary coils and the smallest secondary coils m; the cores have the next
smaller primary coils and the next larger secondary coils m; the cores j j¹
have still smaller primary coils 12, and their secondary coils m² are larger than
on the cores hh'; the cores have the smallest primary coils 3, and the
largest secondary coils m³, the primaries are connected in series, and are fed by
way of the terminals at C, and the secondaries are all in one closed circuit
containing the resistance R.
These four pairs of magnet poles, when excited by single-phase alternating
currents, afford shifting magnetic phases displaced in phase. The magnetism of
the circuits at hh reaches its maximum behind the magnetism at g g¹; and
that at reaches its maximum behind hh while at it reaches its maximum
behind, and therefore the line of magnetic polarity is successively shifted at
uniform speed from gg¹ over to hh, to i¹ and then to kk.
In this machine, the magnetism in each magnet circuit is induced and con-
trolled, varied or adjusted as in the previous machines, by the two electric
currents, whose magnetizing powers are variably proportioned relatively to each
other, and the lag of the secondary current can be varied by variations of the
resistance in the closed circuit.
In extra light duty motors the field iron may be dispensed with, if desired.
For instance, for driving the rotary element in an alternating current meter, the
magnetic fields may be induced, by currents flowing in coils arranged as already
described, but without iron cores. In the meter shown in Figs. 7 to 12 the rotary
element A³ is an armature composed of a series of semi-circular strips n of sheet
copper, secured radially to suitable hubs, and mounted upon a spindle n¹, pro-
vided with a worm which by meshing with a worm gear transmits slow rotary
motion through a train of gearing to the indicating handle n² of the meter. This
armature is surrounded in the plane of its axis by a pair of complex coils, each
of which includes a primary coil D, and a secondary coil F, and at right angles
to said coils, and surrounding both of them and the armature, are two other
complex coils, each including a primary coil, D¹ and a secondary coil F.
The primary coils 1) and D)' are of coarse wire, and variably proportioned, as
before described, and they are connected in series with each other, and are fed
by a single alternating current by way of the terminals CC Figs. 7 and 6. The
secondary coils F and F¹ are of fine wire, and all are in closed circuit, their
terminals being soldered together at one side. The currents in these coils induce
the required magnetic fields, the circuits of which vary in their magnetic resis-
tance, because of their varied proportions. In the coils DD the magnetizing
power of the primary current is stronger than that of the secondary coils FF
but in the coils D' D₁ the power of the primary current is less than in the coils D
and less than that of the secondary current in the coils F1 F1, and hence the
magnetizing maximum in the coils D¹ FI will lag behind the maximum induced
by the coils DF one-quarter of a period, and cause the magnetic field to rotate
and this in turn will cause rotation of the armature, and so operate the meter.
The rotative power of the meter armature can of course be increased by the
use of iron herein as shown in Figs. 13, 14 and 15, wherein an iron disc n³ is
located between the copper hubs, and within a series of radial copper strips n
of such a form as imparts to the armature a drum-like contour.
Now for describing the application of the main feature of this invention for
inducing alternating currents differing in phase, we will refer to Fig. 16.

page_text: Two transformers G G¹ are connected in circuit and employed as a single
translating device. The alternating currents are fed by way of the terminals CC₁
to the transformers, and in this circuit there is a large coil D wound on the
transformer G and connected in series therewith a small primary coil D' wound
on the transformer G¹. A closed secondary circuit comprises a coil F on the
transformer G and a similar coil F¹ on the transformer G¹, and a resistance R
is included in this closed circuit, as already described. The transformer G is
provided with a third coil H, in which alternating currents are induced and may
be delivered from the transformer by way of the terminals shown at H¹. In the
transformer G¹ there is also a coil for affording induced alternating currents
by way of the terminals H2.
The cores of transformers G G₁ are shown of different sizes, so that the magnetic
circuits have different resistances, as in the case of the motor construction already
described.
As already explained in connection with the description of the alternating
motor, the phases of magnetism in the cores of the transformer do not conform
with the currents in either of the coils DF of one transformer or D'F' of the
second transformer but rather to the resultant of the magneto motive forces
induced by the currents in these coils, which, as already explained, are out of
phase with one another; hence, the induced currents in the circuits H¹H2 are
of different phase relation from the currents in either of the other coils of the
corresponding transformers and from each other. That is to say, the currents
in the circuit H¹ for example, are of different phase relation from the current
in circuit H2, and also have a different phase relation from the currents in the
coils D and F of the transformer G.
The proportioning of the coils upon the transformers resembles that
already described in connection with the alternating motor. The primary coil D
of the transformer G is stronger than the secondary coil F, that is, its magnetizing
influence is greater than the influence of the coil F, while in the transformer.G¹
the secondary coil F is stronger than the primary coil D¹. The resistance R
is here used as before, to adjust the secondary current, but it is not always neces-
sary, and even when the resistance is needed it may be afforded by lamps, and
the electrical energy utilized for lighting purposes. The arrangement just
described affords a practical method of transforming the phase relation of alter-
nating currents, for it will be observed that the magnetic phases in the trans-
former G and G¹ do not conform with the electric phases of the alternating
currents fed to the transformer.
This result is secured by the modifying action upon the magnetic phases of
the currents in the coils F and F¹, which are out of phase with the currents in
coils D and D, and hence, the energy fed to the transformers in
the form of alternating currents 19 first. converted into magnetism,
and the currents in circuits Hand H2 induced by the magnetism
in the transformers have a different phase relation from that of the
supplied currents, for example, as a concrete illustration, single-phase currents
may be fed to the transformers by circuit CC, and quarterphase currents may be
taken from the transformers by circuits H¹ and H. As already explained, the
single-phase currents tend to induce magnetism in the transformers in phase
with the currents, but the magnetic phases in the transformers are modified by
the currents flowing in the other coils so that the resultant magneto-motive forces
may by proper calculations and proportioning of parts assume any desired relation.
The electromotive forces in the closed circuits may be used for operating a series
of translating devices of the kind herein shown in tandem, the resistance being
inserted in the closed circuit of the last translating device of the series. By
"tandem" we refer to an arrangement such as that shown in Fig. 17. where
there are three sets of transformers. The transformers G, G¹, comprising the
first set, are supplied with single-phase alternating currents through the ter-
minals at C for exciting the primary coils D. D' respectively wound on the cores

page_text: on
of the transformers. The secondary coils F F¹ on said transformers, which
co-operate with the primary coils have their circuit closed through coils D³ D³
a second set of transformers G2 G3, so that the current flowing in the
coils F, F, of transformers GG¹ serves to excite magnetism in the trans-
formers GG. The secondary coils F2 F3 are provided on transformers G2 G3
which in turn are closed through ordinary coils DD³ upon the third
set of transformers G4 G5. This last set of transformers has secondary
coils FF whose circuit is so closed through resistance R. On each of
these transformers a third coil H is shown from which an independent, induced
alternating current can be taken by way of the terminals lettered-H1, H2, H³,
H, H, H, and the currents in each of these circuits may have a phase of alter-
nation peculiar to itself, or the currents in any number of the said circuits may
have the same phase relation.
Referring more particularly to Fig. 16, it will be seen that the coils D D F F¹
form primary coils in the sense that they react to produce electromotive forces
in the coils H and H though the coils FF1 are also secondary coils with respect
to the coils DD¹, as has been above explained. It will also be seen that the
coils H. H7 may be regarded as secondary coils in the sense that they have electro-
motive forces induced in them by the joint action of the coils D, D, F, F. It
is, therefore obvious that one feature of our invention consists in a transformer
or set of transformers G, G¹ having a plurality of independent magnetic circuits
with primary and secondary windings, thereon, so arranged that the currents in
one set of windings, as for example in the arrangement described in set D D'FF',
induce magnetic waves or fluxes in the cores GG¹, which, in turn, induce
electromotive forces in the windings HH7, the phase relation between electro-
motive forces and magnetic waves being such that the electromotive force of one
set of windings for example those induced in the windings HH correspond in
phase to the phase relation of the magnetic waves in the magnetic circuits G G¹,
while the electromotive forces of the other set of windings, comprising those
electromotive forces which cause current to flow in the coils DD¹ and in the
coils FF do not correspond in phase displacement to the phase displacement
of the magnetic waves.
It is our intention to claim herein points of novelty alike present in the motors
and stationary transformers systems herein set forth, and also such further
improvements or points of novelty as relate only to the transformers.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention (as communicated to us from abroad) and in what manner the same
is to be performed, we declare that what we claim is:-
1-The method of transforming alternating electric currents from one number
of phases to another, which consists in inducing in a series of magnetic circuits
magnetic waves by the magnetizing action of the currents to be transformed,
modifying the phases of the magnetic waves to correspond with the current phases
desired, and inducing currents of the desired number of phases in a secondary
circuit or circuits in inductive relation to such magnetic circuits.
2-The method of transforming alternating single-phase currents into currents
of plural phases, which consists in inducing by the magnetizing influence of
such single-phase currents magnetic waves in a series of stationary transformers.
modifying the phase relation of the magnetic waves thus induced to correspond
with the current phases desired, and inducing currents of different phases in the
secondary circuits of the transformers.
3-The method of transforming alternating electric currents from one number
of phases to another, which consists in inducing in a series of stationary trans-
formers magnetic waves by the magnetizing action of the primary currents to
he transformed, inducing thereby secondary currents in a closed circuit in induc-
tive relation to the different transformers, modifying the phases of the magnetic

page_text: waves by the magnetizing influence of such secondary currents to correspond
with the current phases desired, and finally, inducing currents of the desired
number of phases in a secondary circuit or circuits leading from the transformers.
4 In an electric translating device supplied with alternating currents, the
combination of primary magnetizing coils connected in series and in exciting
relation to a series of magnetic circuits having unequal magnetic resistance and
an equal number of secondary magnetizing coils connected in closed circuits
and in inductive relation to the primary coils and also in magnetizing relation
to each of the magnetic circuits.
5 In electric translating devices to he supplied with alternating electric cur-
rents, the combination, substantially as described, of magnetic metal affording
varied magnetic resistance in the several magnetic circuits; primary exciting
coils connected in series, and supplied with alternating electric currents, secondary
coils connected with each other in one closed electric circuit, the said secondary
coils in one or more of said circuits having greater magnetizing power than the
primary coils in the same magnetic circuits, and in other magnetic circuits the
said secondary coils having lesser magnetizing power than the primary coils in
the same magnetic circuit, whereby the maximum resulting magnetizing power
of the combined primary and secondary coils in any one or more magnetic cir-
cuits, will be different in time from the maximum resulting power of the primary
and secondary coils, in other magnetic circuits.
6 The combination of two or more stationary transformers having independent
magnetic circuits, in each of which magnetism is induced by the joint magnetizing
action of alternating electric currents of displaced phase, whose relative mag-
netizing influences are so proportioned that the magnetic waves induced therein
have a desired difference of phase.
7-The combination of magnetic material affording two or more magnetic cir-
cuits with conductors carrying out of phase currents, each acting to induce
magnetism in all such circuits but not to the same relative extent, the action of
one current preponderating in magnetizing one circuit and of another current
in magnetizing another circuit as described.
8 The combination in an electric translating device, of magnetic material
affording two or more co-operating magnetic circuits of different magnetic resis-
tance, with conductors carrying respectively primary and secondary alternating
currents displaced in phase serving to induce magnetism in each of such magnetic
circuits, the magnetizing influence of such currents heing so proportioned rela-
tively to each other, and with reference to the magnetic resistance of such circuits.
that magnetic waves are induced to each, of substantially equal intensity but
displaced in phase, as described.
9 The method herein after set forth, which consists in supplying to different
transformers or like induction apparatus, having separate magnetic circuits,
alternating electric currents of a given number of phases, thereby converting the
electric energy of such currents into magnetic energy in the form of magnetic
waves induced in the magnetic circuits and inducing in secondary work circuits
leading from such induction apparatus, secondary currents having a different
number of phases from that of the primary currents supplied to the induction
apparatus.
10 The method hereinafter set forth, which consists in supplying alternating
electric currents having a given phase relation to the primary circuits of a series
of transformers inducing electromotive forces in the secondary circuits of such
transformers, and deriving from such electromotive forces secondary currents. in
suitable electric circuits, having a different number of phases from the currents
fed to the transformers.
11 The method hereinafter set forth, which consists in inducing out-of phase
magnetic waves in a series of transformers having independent magnetic circuits
by the inductive action of alternating dephased electric currents flowing in certain
electric circuits, in inductive relation to the said transformers, inducing alter-

page_text: nating electromotive forces in certain other electric circuits likewise in inductive
relation to said transformers and deriving from said last named electromotive
forces alternating currents dephased from each other by an angle different from the
angle of phase displacement of the first named alternating currents.
12-The method of producing quarter phase magnetic waves, which consists
in generating alternating currents whose phase difference is not equal to ninety
degrees, inducing by said currents magneto-motive forces in two magnetic cir-
cuits, and superposing said magneto-motive forces in the proper proportions, so
that the resultant magnetic waves in the two circuits are dephased by ninety
degrees.
13 The method of producing a magnetic wave of any phase desired inter-
mediate between the phases of two electric currents, which consists in subjecting
a magnetic circuit to the inductive influence of the two electric currents in the
proper proportions to produce the result desired, substantially as described:
73
14-The method of producing a magnetic wave of any phase desired inter-
mediate between the phases of two electric currents, which consists in subjecting
á magnetic circuit to the inductive influence of the two electric currents, the
inductive influence of the two currents on the magnetic circuit being different
in amount, and so proportioned as to produce the magnetic phase desired.
15- The method of producing a magnetic wave intermediate in phase between
the phases of two electric currents, and nearer in phase to one of them than to
the other, which consists in subjecting a magnetic circuit to the inductive
influence of the two currents in different relative amounts, so that the inductive
influence of that current to whose phase it' is desired that the phase of the mag-
netic waves shall more closely approximate, shall exceed in amount the inductive
influence of the other current, substantially as described.
:.
16 The method of producing dephased magnetic waves one of which is in
magnitude and phase the resultant of a plurality of dephased electric currents
and all of which draw their energy from the said electric currents, which consists
in subjecting a plurality of magnetic circuits to the inductive influence of the
said currents in such a way that at least one of the circuits is acted upon by
a plurality of deplased currents, the said inductive influences of the different
currents on the various magnetic circuits being so proportioned and adjusted as
to produce in the magnetic circuits dephased magnetic waves of the desired
phase and magnitude.
17 The method of producing deplased magnetic waves, which waves are in
magnitude and phase the resultant of a plurality of dephased electric currents,
which consists in subjecting a plurality of magnetic circuits each to the inductive
influence of a plurality of dephased currents, the said inductive influences of the
different currents on the various magnetic circuits being so proportioned and
adjusted as to produce in the magnetic circuits dephased magnetic waves of the
desired phase and mágnitude.
18-The method of increasing the number of phases of an alternating current,
which consists in producing by means of the energy of the said current dephased
magneto-motive forces, combining the said magneto-motive forces in the proper
proportions and relations, and generating by the said magneto motive forces a
secondary multiphase current of an order higher than the order of the original
alternating current.
19 The method of generating quarter phase currents which consists in pro-
ducing in two magnetic circuits magneto motive forces whose phase difference is
not equal to ninety degrees, superposing the magnetic waves due to said magneto
motive forces so that the resultant phase difference of the magnetic waves is
equal to ninety degrees, and inducing current by the said magnetic waves.
20 The method of producing quarter phase currents which consist in generat-
ing currents whose phase angle is not equal to ninety degrees, inducing in the
two magnetic circuits by said currents resulting magnetic waves whose phase

page_text: angle is equal to ninety degrees, and generating by the action of said magnetic
waves quarter phase currents.
21 The method of deriving from a plurality of alternating currents dephased
by any given phase angle a plurality of alternating currents dephased by any
desired different phase angle, which consists in combining the effects of said
first named currents, as by subjecting to their magnetizing influence a plurality
of magnetic circuits having secondary coils wound thereon or in any equivalent
way, in such a manner that one of the resulting currents shall be due to the
joint influence of a plurality of the first named currents acting in a different
relative proportions.
22-The method of obtaining from a single phase current magnetic waves in
quadrature, which consists in generating magneto motive-forces in two magnetic
circuits by the influence of the said current, and reacting upon said magnetic
motive forces by a corrective or modifying action to produce resultant magneto
motive forces of approximately ninety degrees phase displacement.
23 The combination of a plurality of cores forming magnetic circuits with
primary and secondary windings in inductive relation thereto, so arranged that
the electromotive forces due to one set of windings induce magnetic waves in
said circuits and thereby induce electromotive forces in the other set of windings,
the phase relation between electromotive forces and magnetic waves being such
that the electromotive forces acting in one of said sets of windings correspond in
phase displacement to the phase displacement of the individual magnetic waves,
while the other set of electromotive forces do not correspond in phase displace-
ment to the phase displacement of the individual waves.
24 The combination of a plurality of transformers having independent mag-
netic circuits with windings in inductive relation to said circuits, and two sets
of leads for connecting windings on said transformers with different distributions
systems, certain of said windings being wound on the different magnetic circuits
separately and connected so that their electromotive forces and currents cor-
respond in phase with the phase of the magnetic waves induced in the magnetic
circuits and the remainder of said windings being so distributed, arranged and
connected that their electromotive forces and currents have a definite phase
relation with respect to the said magnetic waves, such that the said windings
and magnetic circuits become capable of transforming and altering the number
of phases of alternating currents.
25-The combination with two magnetic cores or circuits and means for
generating magneto-motive forces therein, of a secondary coil or circuit inclosing
each core and additional coils on each core, connected to work circuits, the
number of turns of said secondary coil enveloping each core being graduated to
produce electromotive forces of a different phase displacement in said additional
coils.
26 The combination with two magnetic circuits, of windings in inductive
relation thereto, consisting of a plurality of inducing turns and a plurality of
induced turns, so arranged that some of the inducing turns are in inductive
relation to each of the magnetic circuits, and some of the induced turns are in
inductive relation to each of the magnetic circuits; and an additional winding
closed on itself, embracing each of said magnetic circuits, and adapted to be
the seat of induced currents acting to dephase by a definite amount the magnetic
waves in said circuits.
27 The method hereinafter set forth, which consists in setting up in suitable,
non-identical paths, out-of-phase magnetic waves, by the inductive action of
alternating, relatively dephased, electric currents flowing in certain electric
circuits, in inductive relation to said paths, impressing on multiphase mains,
alternating electro-motive forces derived from certain electric circuits in inductive
relation to said paths and having a relative phase displacement different from
that of the aforesaid alternating currents, and maintaining the phase relation of

page_text: said alternating electro-motive forces different from the phase relation of said
electric currents whether the multiphase mains be on open circuit or supplying
current.
Dated this 1st day of August 1899