Iм- PROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN AND THEREWITH, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER ELECTRICAL PURPOSES
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Isham Baggs, of Doddington Grove, Kennington, in
the County of Surrey, Electrical Engineer, for the Invention of "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREIN AND THEREWITH, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER ELECTRICAL
PURPOSES"
Sealed the 19th November 1858, and dated the 22nd May 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Isham Baggs at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd May 1858.
I, ISHAM BAGGS, of Doddington Grove, Kennington, in the County of
Surrey, Electrical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS AND IN THE APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREIN AND THEBEWITH, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER
ELECTRICAL PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, 1st, in the use and application at the remote end
or ends of a wire, or at the receiving station or stations to which it is desired
to convey intelligence, of an electric reservoir or reservoirs capable of accumu-
lating the electric power or of rendering the effects which it may be intended
to produce more decisive or concentrated in their character. These reservoirs
consist of coated surfaces formed on the principle of the Leyden jar, arranged
either as a simple electrical element or as a compound series. Coiled wire

page_text: may be used in place of coatings, but the principle used in every case is
that of induction.
2ndly. Wherever it may be desirable to exalt the intensity of the induced
electricity from a coil, I cause such electricity, whether produced from one or
more coils, to accumulate in condensers or their electrical analogues arranged
as a series of Leyden jars, whereby clectrical manifestations of any required
intensity may be produced. Also, if in any such arrangement only the first
surface of a series be connected with the positive and the last with the
negative, or vice versa, or if the first be connected with a source of electricity,
whether positive or negative, and the last with the ground, it will be found
that the intensity is greatly exalted; and such arrangement in its application
forms the second part of my Invention.
3rdly. Where a succession of makes and breaks of contact are required to
be made with great velocity or regularity in developing the successive elec-
trical impulses of the coil, I employ machinery, when necessary for such
purposes, embodying proper mechanical contrivances for the regulation of
speed and synchronous discharge, such as multiplying wheels, the fly,a wind
or water regulator, &c. This constitutes the third part of my Invention.
4thly. My Invention consists in the use of electricity to deflect flame, gases,
vapors, or light bodies through stencilled plates or otherwise, in order to mark
or record telegraphic communications.
5thly. My Invention consists in causing telegraphic communications from
two or more instruments to pass simultaneously through the same wire with-
out interference, by the employment of electricities differing in quantity and
intensity from each other, so as to be only capable of acting each one re-
spectively upon a different class of instrument at the receiving station or
stations; that is to say, for instance, a magneto-electric or other electric
current to deflect a needle; a quantity current through the same wire to
effect decompositions on chemically prepared paper in another instrument;
and a series of high intensity discharges through the same wire again to
cause a succession of perforations in paper or other indications in a third
instrument. The electricity employed for the foregoing purposes may be
derived from any convenient source whatever, provided that it is adequate
to fulfil the duties required of it.
6thly. My Invention consists in the construction and use of a coil of the
following description, which I consider to possess great advantages over those
ordinarily used; namely, a core or cores of soft iron are wound with primary
and secondary coils of insulated wire, on principles well understood,and over
these are placed one or more hollow cases or cylinders of soft iron, similarly

page_text: wound with insulated wires; or plates of iron following in succession to
each other may be used in the same way.
:
I wish to observe that the same principle also applies to hard stecl when
used in the development of magneto-electricity, and that I sometimes use
such arrangements of magneto-electric machines for the purpose, and the
use of thein consequently forms a part of my Invention.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Isham Baggs in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
22nd November 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ISHAM
BAGGS, of Doddington Grove, Kennington, in the County of Surrey, Electrical
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Isham Baggs, Her special licence that I, the said Isham Baggs,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Isham Baggs, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN AND THEREWITH,
PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER ELECTRICAL PURPOSES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Isham Baggs, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Isham Baggs, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the saine is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following

page_text: statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
that is to say :-
My Invention consists, first, in the use and application at the remote end
or ends of a wire, or at the receiving station or stations to which it is desired
to convey intelligence, of an electric reservoir orreservoirs capable of accumu
lating the electric power, or of rendering the effects which it may be intended
to produce more decisive or concentrated in their character. These reservoirs
consist of coated surfaces, formed on the principle of the Leyden jar, arranged
either as a simple electrical clement or as a compound series. Coiled wire
may be used in place of coatings, but the principle used in every case is that
of induction. By this arrangement, if there be any retardation of elec-
tricity in a submarine wire, or in an overland wire, or in a subterranean
wire connecting two or more stations, the electricity is caused to accumulate
until it reaches the required intensity or force, when discharge takes place
at the remote station or stations.
Secondly. Wherever it may be desirable to exalt the intensity of the
induced electricity from a coil, I cause such electricity, whether produced
from one or more coils, to accumulate in condensers, or their electrical
analogues arranged as a series of Leyden jars, whereby electrical mani-
festations of any required intensity may be produced. Also, if in any such
arrangement only the first surface of a series be connected with the positive
and the last with the negative or vice versa, or if the first be connected with
a source of electricity, whether positive or negative, and the last with the
ground, it will be found that the intensity is greatly exalted; and such
arrangement in its application forms the second part of iny Invention.
Thirdly. Where a succession of makes and breaks of contact are required
to be made with great velocity or regularity in developing the successive
electrical impulses of the coil, I employ machinery, when necessary for such
purposes, embodying proper mechanical contrivances for the regulation of
speed and synchronous discharge, such as multiplying wheels, the fly, a wind
or water regulator, &c. This constitutes the third part of my Invention.
Fourthly. My Invention consists in the use of electricity to deflect flame,
gases, vapours, or light bodies through stencilled plates or otherwise, in order
to mark or record telegraphic communications upon substances or materials
fit to receive them. And I may here remark that it is not necessary to
use points in all cases for such purposes, as quiet discharge and consequent
deflection of some of the bodies referred to will take place between con-
ducting knobs, or, indeed, between conductors of other form. It is necessary
however that the conductors should not be too near each other, or the effect

page_text: will be marred by sudden disruption, as for instance, through an interposed
flame.
Fifthly. My Invention consists in causing telegraphic communications
from two or more instruments to pass simultaneously through the same
wire without interference, by the employment of electricities differing in
quantity and intensity from each other, so as to be only capable of acting
each one respectively upon a different class of instrument at the receiving
station or stations; that is to say, for instance, a magneto-electric or other
electric current to deflect a needle; a quantity current through the same
wire to effect decompositions on chemically prepared paper in another
instrument; and a series of high intensity discharges through the same
wire again to cause a succession of perforations in paper or other indications
in a third instrument. The electricity employed for the foregoing purposes
may be derived from any convenient source whatever, provided that it is
adequate to fulfil the duties required of it.
Sixthly. My Invention consists in the construction and use of a coil of the
following description, which I consider to possess great advantages over those
ordinarily used; namely, a core or cores of soft iron are wound with primary
and secondary coils of insulated wire, on principles well understood, and over
these are placed one or more hollow cases or cylinders of soft iron (either in
solid masses or in pieces) similarly wound with insulated wire; or plates
of iron following in succession to each other may be used in the same way.
I wish to observe that the same principle also applies to hard steel when
used in the development of magneto-electricity, and that I sometimes use
such arrangements of magneto-electric machines for the purpose, and the
use of them consequently forms a part of my Invention.
In the accompanying Drawings, Figure 1 is a cross section, and Figure 2
a longitudinal section, of my improved coil. The parts colored black repre-
sent iron; red, the primary coils; and green, the secondary coils.
from end to end.
A core of iron is first insulated circumferentially with gutta percha, and
two large discs of gutta percha to form flanges are placed at its ends, and
firmly fixed by heat, so as to form one unbroken covering of gutta percha
A primary wire is then wound from end to end upon the
covered iron core. This being well insulated, two or three miles of secondary
coil are superposed upon the primary. On this last a second coil of primary is
wound. This last primary wire, being safely insulated, is covered over with
a hollow cylinder of soft iron. Over this hollow cylinder comes another
primary coil, then three or four miles of secondary again, then another coil of
primary, and, lastly, another soft iron cylinder, so that in the coil here repre-

page_text: sented there is one iron core and two hollow iron cylinders, four primary
wires, and two secondary wires. Every layer of wire must be well insulated
from other layers and from the iron. I insulate the successive layers by three
or four thicknesses of very thin gutta percha (in bands) followed by a thin
covering of calico, also in a band, for each layer of wire. Other systems of
insulation may also be used. The wire should properly be all wound the
same way. The ends of each coil should be marked and made safe. The
secondaries should be connected as a single coil when the machine is finished.
The primaries will work better under general circumstances of action if con-
nected as one bundle of four wires, and it will be found greatly to improve
the power of the coil if the two primary currents next the core flow in one
direction and the two other primary currents in the other direction. This
follows from the general theory of magnetism, and its application will be
seen where the details of the coil are altered in number or otherwise. The
iron core and cylinders may be solid or in pieces, or otherwise.
Figures 3 and 4 show the manner in which a flame is deflected, and
Figure 5 is a representation of paper marked at intervals by the deflected
flame. The same apparatus applies to gases and vapours. ab are two
brass knobs; c is a glass plate with an aperture therein, as seen more clearly
in the detached view, Figure 4; d shows the candle and flame deflected; e is
the Leyden jar; and f the discharging rod.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I do not confine or
restrict myself to the precise details or arrangements herein referred to, as
many variations may be made therein without deviating from the main
features of my Invention; but I claim the general arrangement and com-
bination of apparatus and mechanism herein-before described, or any mere
modification thereof, and the employment of such apparatus and mechanism
for electric telegraphing and for other electrical purposes.
In witness whereof, I, the said Isham Baggs, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of November, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-eight.
ISHAM BAGGS. (L.S.)