Improvements in or connected with Extracting or Ventilating Cowls or Apparatus.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 31st Jan., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 31st Oct., 1889-Accepted, 7th Dec., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Extracting or Ventilating Cowls
or Apparatus.
We DE FONBLANQUE PENNEFATHER, of 13 Rumford Street, Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, Cotton Broker, and JOHN HENRY RICHARDSON DINSMORE of
22 Marsden Street Liverpool aforesaid, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of our
said invention to be as follows:-
The kinds of ventilating cowls to which our present invention mainly has reference
are those which are placed and used on or in connection with shafts, tubes chimneys
or chambers and which have for their chief object to cause a rarefaction of air or
draught to be created within said shaft tube or chimney or chamber and to thereby
remove or assist in removing therefrom or spaces connected therewith, air or gases;
the invention being applicable as an extracting" ventilator for use in connection
with ventilating systems, or alone; or as a chimney cowl, and for other ventilating
purposes.
According to one arrangement there is provided a cowl according to this invention
and a device or means adapted to be acted upon by the wind, by the force of which
air is collected or directed and then caused to spread out into an annular stream or
jet and this jet is caused to flow outwards in such a manner as to produce a rarefaction
or reduction of pressure near and within the pipe passage or orifice through which
the air or gas to be moved is located, and in consequence of which the of air or gases
from or through that passage or orifice is facilitated.
To effect this movement of air there may be provided between the air collector
and the air or gas outlet orifice or passage a diaphragm say of circular form, and
above and below there may be provided circular plates of flat conical or curved form
and larger in diameter than the said diaphragm.
The diaphragm may be smaller or larger in diameter than the air or gas outlet
orifice or passage, or equal thereto, and the air collector may be of the swivelling
type, or fixed multimouthed type or of other suitable kind.
If, in lieu of employing the force of the wind as the air motor, we employ air
mechanically moved, or moved otherwise than by the wind, as the motor fluid, such
air would be led to the space between the diaphragm and the plate forming the
annular jet nozzle by a suitable pipe or pipes. In this case a water spray or jet
may be conveniently used as the means of setting in motion the motor air.
A simple form of cowl, wherein no air collector or any extraneous power is
employed consists of two parallel plates, say of circular form, one of which is
connected to the outlet orifice or passage through which the air or gases pass into
the cowl. The diameter of these plates is made of such a size-preferably consider-
ably larger than the said air or gas outlet orifice or passage--that the wind in striking
the cowl obliquely would be prevented from striking down the said orifice or passage.
In some cases the said outlet orifice or passage may be provided with a coned or
flared out portion and a projecting ledge, as by these means the liability of its getting
struck by the wind is still further diminished. These cowls may be provided with
the diaphragm above specified, or not, as may be deemed desirable.
The outlet orifice or passage for the air and gases may in all cases be provided
with a projecting ledge its object being to tend to prevent water getting into the
apparatus and to aid in preventing "down" or "back" draughts; also in all cases
where necessary, devices may be provided to catch rain-water and drain it away.
In the above description we have specified generally the construction of several
different forms of apparatus operating according to and involving our invention, but
we wish it to be understood that these constitute merely so many examples of our

page_text: invention, and that the invention is susceptible of various modifications as to con-
figuration and form, and arrangement and combination of parts without departing
from the spirit thereof.
Dated this 20th day of Januar 1990
DE FONBLANQUE PENNEFATHER.
JOHN HENRY RICHARDSON DINSMORE.
By Cheesbrough & Royston,
Patent Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Extracting or Ventilating Cowls
or Apparatus.
We, DE FONBLANQUE PENNEFATHER, of 13, Rumford Street, Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, Cotton Broker, and JOHN HENRY RICHARDSON DINSMORE, of
22, Marsden Street, Liverpool, aforesaid, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
our said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The kinds of ventilating cowls to which our present Invention mainly has reference
are those which are placed and used on or in connection with shafts, tubes, chimneys,
or chambers, and which have for their chief object to cause a rarefaction of air or
draught to be created within said shaft, tube, or chimney, or chamber, and to thereby
remove or assist in removing therefrom or spaces connected therewith, air or gases,
the Invention being applicable as an "extracting" ventilator for use in connection
with ventilating systems, or alone, or as a chimney cowl, and for other ventilating
purposes.
According to one arrangement there is provided a cowl according to this Invention
and a device or means adapted to be acted upon by the wind, by the force of the
which air is collected or directed and then caused to spread out into an annular stream
or jet, and this jet is caused to flow outwards, in such a manner, as to produce a
rarefaction or reduction of pressure near and within the pipe, passage, or orifice,
through which the air or gas to be moved is located, and in consequence of which the
efflux of air or gases from or through that passage or orifice is facilitated.
To effect this movement of air there may be provided between the air collector and
the air or gas outlet orifice or passage, a diaphragm, say of circular form, and above
and below, there may be provided circular plates of flat, conical, or curved form, and
larger in diameter than the said diaphragm.
The diaphragm may be smaller or larger in diameter than the air or gas outlet
orifice or passage, or equal thereto, and the air collector may be of the swivelling type,
or fixed multimouthed type, or of other suitable kind.
If in lieu of employing the force of the wind as the air motor, we employ air
mechanically moved, or moved otherwise than by the wind, as the motor fluid, such
air would be led to the space between the diaphragm and the plate forming the
annular jet nozzle by a suitable pipe or pipes. In this case a water spray or jet may
be conveniently used as the means of setting in motion the motor air.
A suitable form of cowl, wherein no air collector or any extraneous power is
employed, consists of two parallel plates, say of circular form, one of which is
connected to the outlet orifice or passage through which the air or gases pass into the
cowl. The diameter of these plates is made of such a size-preferably considerably
larger than the said air or gas outlet orifice or passage-that the wind in striking the
cowl obliquely would be prevented from striking down the said orifice or passage.
In some cases the said outlet passage or orifice may be provided with a coned or
flared out portion and a projecting ledge, as by these means the liability of its getting
struck by the wind is still further diminished. These cowls may be provided with the
diaphragm above specified, or not, as may be deemed desirable.
The outlet orifice or passage for the air and gases may, in all cases, be provided

page_text: with a projecting ledge, its effect being to tend to prevent water getting into the
apparatus and to aid in preventing down or back draughts; also, in all cases where
necessary, devices may be provided to catch rain-water and drain it away.
I will now proceed to describe my Invention by the aid of the accompanying
drawings, which illustrate various modifications of apparatus according to the inven-
tion. It is to be understood, however, that these various modifications merely
constitute so many examples of the application of the invention, and that therefore it
is not strictly confined or limited to them; but the novel features of the Invention are
stated in the claiming clauses concluding the Specification.
In the following description of the drawings the same letters and figures of reference
are used throughout to denote the same, or equivalent, or like parts wherever they
occur.
With reference now to the Drawings, in Figures 1 and 14, is shown, in elevation
and plan, respectively, an arrangement or form of apparatus in which an air collector
is employed and the air so collected is used, in conjunction with a cowl of a shaft, to
effect the extraction of air or gases through and from said shaft. (For convenience
the word shaft will be used in the description of the drawings to designate the tube or
pipe through which the air or gases are caused to flow to, and which is connected to
the cowl, whether such cowl be used as a ventilator in the ordinary way or as a
chimney cowl or the like). x is this shaft, provided at or near its outlet orifice with
an annular ring plate a; b is the upper plate corresponding with a, that is, it is also
annular and of about the same size having a central aperture 1; c is the air collector,
of a well known form, consisting of four chambers separated by webs or division
plates and a hood h;
P
is the diaphragm, disposed between, and larger in diameter
than the apertures of, the annular plates a and b; e is a flared out or bevelled lip of
the mouth of the shaft ; and fis a projecting combing or ledge at the mouth of the
shaft a, and by which water is prevented from flowing into and down the shaft, the
water however which does find its way into, or collects in the chamber between this
ledge and the lipe of the shaft x being allowed to flow away by apertures provided in
the portion e: these apertures e' are shown in the various views, wherever this
disposition of parts is employed.
In action, the force of the wind, in striking the air collector c, causes air to enter
one or two of its air collecting chambers, and this stream of air flows from these
chambers on to the diaphragm d, whereby it is diverted and becomes transformed into
an annular jet of air the direction of flow being parallel with the plate band
diaphragin d. This jet of air acts upon the air or gases beneath it, and between the
plate a and it, according to the well understood principle, and removes it, thereby
causing and maintaining a rarefaction within the space in and about the mouth of
the shaft, to which space, so long as the rarefaction exists, the gases or air in the
shaft will flow, to be subsequently ejected by the jet.
In dotted lines in these Figures 1 show a guard g; it is provided for the purpose of
causing the greater part of the motor air, i.e. the air collected and which constitutes
the annular jet, to flow out at the leeward side of the cowl, or at the parts where the
direction of the jet is not opposed to that of the wind, and to thereby render the
apparatus, although slightly more costly, more efficient. The guard is movable, and
is operated by a wind vane i, the two parts being connected by a spindle il mounted
in and passing through the hood h, and an arm mounted and fixed on the lower end
of the spindle. This guard or any equivalently operating device may be used in
connection with any of the forms or arrangements of apparatus hereinafter described
which are subjected to the action of the wind.
In Figures 1 and 1*A we show an apparatus having a swivelling air collector c.
In this case the diaphragm d is fixed to the collector c, and a guard g is also provided.
In the apparatus illustrated respectively in sectional elevation and plan, in
Figures 2 and 24, the plates a, b, and d are inclined upwards towards their peripheries,
5 that is, they are coned, and the plate is provided with a short pipe or tube b¹ to
direct the air in passing to the diaphragm d otherwise than in these respects this
apparatus is identical with that described with reference to Figures 1 and 14.
The

page_text: converse arrangement of the apparatus just described may also be used, that is, the
said plates may be coned downwards instead of upwards.
Figures 3 and 34 illustrate in elevation and plan an arrangement according to the
invention adapted to be operated with air (i.e., motor air) obtained from an artificial
source, such as by a fan, water spray, steam jet, or the like. In this case the motor,
of whatever kind, takes the place of the air collector e, and the pipe 61 is used to
conduct the motor air to the space between the plate d (which in this case becomes
the upper one) and the plate b (now the intermediate plate); this is the converse of
the arrangements shown in Figures 1 and 2, as in these Figures the upper plate is
provided with a central aperture or conduit 1, but this arrangement may also be used
in the example shown in Figure 3 if the motor air be introduced from above.
Figures 4 and 44 show two arrangements of parts of ventilating apparatus in which
the motor air is obtained by a fan, and which are capable of supplying large quantities
of air to the inside of a building. In Figure 4, c is the fan, placed in the lower room
of the building, its air supply being taken from that room. The extracting cowl is
placed in the upper storey of the building, which in this case may be a drying room.
The motor air acting within the parallel plates a, b, d, as described above, causes a
large volume of air to flow from the outside atmosphere and also a certain quantity
from the intermediate room by the branches. These combined volumes of air are
discharged into the drying room at the top of the building from whence it escapes by
the louvres . When it is desired to humidify air, a water spray motor may be used
instead of a fan.
In Figure 4 is shown an arrangement by which, by means of a fan and the
ventilating extractor herein described, two rooms may be ventilated. In one room
the fan is placed and the supply of air to it is taken from the adjoining room by the
shaft The extractor portion consisting of the three plates a, b, d, is placed outside
the building, and the pipe b' through which the supply of motor air is led thereto is
carried through the air extraction shaft ..
The two examples of apparatus operating according to this invention, by motor air
supplied otherwise than by wind force, indicate the various arrangements of this type
of apparatus of which the invention is susceptible.
The cowl shown in Figure 5 and 54 in sectional elevation and plan respectively,
is adapted to operate without any motor, air other than that which may pass between
the plates a and b and about them. We find that with a cowl comprising two parallel
plates, arranged as shown, a very considerable draft up or extraction from the shaft æ
is effected by the passage of air between the plates and about them, and at the same
time "down-blow" is prevented. It will be observed that the plate is set closely to
the plate a, relatively to the diameter of the shaft, and that these plates are
considerably larger in diameter than the shaft or in other words, they project
considerably beyond the lip of the shaft; by these means down-blow is prevented and
the requisite direction of flow of air between the plates is afforded and the flared out or
coned lip in this case aids in securing this end. A plurality of shafts and
continuous plates a, b, d, may be arranged together in some cases.
Figures 6 and 6A show a cowl in which two sets of plates a and b are provided on
the ends of a T shaft ..
Figures 7 and 74 show a cowl of the type set forth with reference to Figures 5
and 5ª provided with a diaphragm d between the plates a and b. In the diaphragm a
central aperture may be provided for the further emission of gas.
Figures 8 and 8 show a cowl of the type illustrated in Figures 7 and 74 without
the coned lipe, but having the ledge, annular drainage aperture e¹, and a lower
plate a. In apparatus constructed after the manner shown in Figures 5 to 8, the
plates if desired may be coned upwards or downwards.
In Figures 9 and 10 we illustrate in sectional elevation and inside elevation,
respectively, a mode of applying the arrangement of parts set forth with reference to
Figures 3, 5, 7 and 8 to ornamental columns, vases, capitals, chimney tops, finials,
pedestals, bases, and other architectural ornaments. In these examples the lower
surface of the capital or figure at & serves as the upper plate, whilst the upper surface

page_text: C
of the base at a serves as the lower plate, and in this portion the shaft is formed or
provided, having at its mouth a coned or flared out portion e, with lodge and
drainage holes e. The shaft is of course connected with any space, pipe, or conduit,
from which it is desired to effect the extraction of air or gases. This arrangement
may be provided with parts and adapted to operate in the manner described with
reference to any of the other figures.
With reference to Figures 11, 114, and 11, there is shown in sectional elevation,
outside elevation, and plan, respectively, an apparatus constructed after the manner
set forth with reference to Figures 1 and 14, but the reverse arrangement thereof;
that is to say, the air collector c is placed below the plates a, b, d, and within the
shaft, the air collecting chambers being in communication with the outside
atmosphere by the conduits the side of which are continuations of the webs p; and
beyond this chamber of disposition of parts the upper plate and intermediate plates
perform, respectively, the functions of the diaphragm d and the upper plate 6 in
Figure 1, and are consequently designated by these letters, as in Figure 3. An
auxiliary motor air pipe (such as in Figure 3) may be provided in this case in
order to work automatically or otherwise. Both in this case and that shown in
Figure 3, a collar 2 may be provided on the pipe or passage & to prevent the wind
striking the pipe from blowing down the shaft.
In Figures 12 and 124 is shown an arrangement in which the air collector e is
placed at one end of the shaft x, and the plates a, b, d, at the opposite end. This is a
type of arrangement adaptable to ships use as ships ventilating cowls or apparatus.
The mouth of the shaft is also provided with a mouth, the air collecting mouth c
being disposed within it. These mouths may be adapted to be moved round into the
proper position in the usual way.
In action, the two mouths c and being so disposed as to collect air, the air is
forced down the pipe b', and acts between the plates d and b in the manner already
described, with the result that a rarefaction of air is caused within and about the
mouth of the shaft a, and by this effect, together with the effect produced by the
mouth being also acted upon by the wind in the manner of an ordinary cowl, a
large volume of air is delivered into the space in connection with which the apparatus
may be employed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. An exhausting or extracting apparatus, of the kind herein before referred to,
comprising an air collector, and a plate or plates or their equivalents, by which
the air so collected is diverted or caused to be spread out and to act substantially
as in the manner described.
2. In apparatus of the kind herein before referred to, the combination of an air
collector, such as described; a plate, such as d, or its equivalent by which the air
collected is guided; and a plate, such as a, on or connected with the shaft which
conducts the air or gases to be moved to said parts; operating substantially as
described for the purposes specified.
3. Apparatus of the kind hereinbefore referred to, comprising an air collector, c;
a plate,, arranged in a plane substantially at right angles to said collector; a
diaphragm, d, and a plate, a, disposed parallel with said plate ; and a shaft or
shafts, ; arranged and operating substantially as set forth.
4. The combination with apparatus of the kind specified in the preceding claiming
clauses, of a guard or valve by which the motor air used in the apparatus is directed
or caused to flow towards the leeward side of the extracting device; for the purposes
described.
5. Apparatus for extracting air or gases of the kind herein before referred to, in
which the efluxion of the air or gases is caused to take place between surfaces,
disposed in close proximity relatively to the diameter or size of the shaft through

page_text: which the air or gases is or are conducted to the space between said surfaces, and in
an annular or equivalently shallow and plane stream; substantially as described.
6. Apparatus for extracting air or gases of the kind hereinbefore referred to.
comprising a shaft through which the air or gases are to be drawn ; a plate disposed
on or secured to the mouth of said shaft, and in a plane at right angles to the axis
of said mouth; and a second plate lying in a plane parallel with the aforesaid plate
and on or near the same axis; substantially as described.
7. Apparatus for extracting air or gases, of the kind herein before referred to,
comprising a shaft through which the air or gases are to be drawn; a flared out or
coned mouth on said shaft; a plate disposed on or secured to the mouth of said shaft
and in a plane at right angles to the axis of said mouth; and a second plate lying in
a plane parallel with the aforesaid plate, and on or near the same axis; substantially
as described.
8. In apparatus of the kind herein before referred to, in which air, propelled or
forced by otherwise than by that of the wind, is used to extract air or gases, the
combination and arrangement of plates a, b, d, and air pipe ; substantially as set
forth.
9. Apparatus of the kind herein referred to and operating after the manner more
particularly specified with reference to Figures 3, 5, 7, 8 and 11, in which the upper
plate or surface (b) thereof is adapted to form, or forms, a part of an ornamental
figure or other thing, or architectural structure; substantially as described.
10. The apparatus constructed and adapted to operate as set forth with reference to
Figures 1 and 14, and 2 and 24, respectively, of the drawings.
11. The apparatus constructed and adapted to operate as set forth with reference
to Figures 3 and 3 of the Drawings.
12. The ventilating apparatus arranged and adapted to operate substantially as set
forth with reference to Figures 4, and 44, respectively, of the drawings.
13. The cowl or apparatus constructed and adapted to operate as set forth,
respectively, with reference to Figures 5 and 54; 6 and 64; 7 and 7^; and 8 and 84,
of the drawings.
14. The arrangement and construction of extracting ventilating device or cowl
set forth with reference to Figures 9 and 10.
15. The apparatus consisting of the arrangement and combination of parts
substantially as set forth with reference to Figures 11, 114, and 11B of the drawings.
16. The use in combination with apparatus of the kind specified in the shown
claiming clauses, of a ledge or device, such as by which water is prevented from
flowing into the air or gas shaft (a) thereof; substantially as set forth with reference
to the drawings.
17. In a ventilating apparatus of the class referred to with reference to Figures 12
and 124, a head or heads, or cowl or cowls, adapted to be acted upon by the wind and
collect air, and a device or devices such as described placed at or in connection with
the space to be ventilated by the air moved by the apparatus.
18. Apparatus arranged and adapted to operate substantially as set forth with
reference to Figures 12 and 124, comprising, mainly, air collecting mouths c and a¹,
shaft a, pipe 6', and plates a, b, d.
Dated this 30th day of October 1889
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicants.