IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jonas Whiteley, John Slater, and William Henry
Crossley, all of Halifax, in the County of York, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING
WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jonas Whiteley, John
Slater, and William Henry Crossley at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 19th July 1854.
We, JONAS WHITELEY, JOHN SLATER, and WILLIAM HENRY CROSSLEY, all
of Halifax, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING AND
SPINNING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES "to be as follows:-
Heretofore in apparatus employed in preparing and spinning various fibrous
matters it has been usual to effect a drawing or elongation, and consequent
straightening of such fibres, by passing them when combined into a slubbing
or roving between several pairs of rollers, cach succeeding pair of which have
given to them a speed or draft greater than the preceeding, but by this means
the combined fibres are supported only at the nip of the separate pairs of
rollers employed, and the shorter fibres thereby have a tendency to turn

page_text: outwards from the slubbing or roving, by which imperfect spinning is
produced.
Our improvements consist in applying continuous supporting surface to the
slubbing or roving between the feed and the nip for drawing, and we accom-
plish this by conducting the fibres from the feed on to the surface of a cylinder
or wheel, by which they are supported in passing to the nip for drawing off.
The surface speed of the supporting cylinder or wheel, as compared with that
of the feed rollers, may be varied according to the draft required. The
drawing nip we.effect by a roller pressing on the surface of such supporting
cylinder or wheel, and the distance between the point of feeding on to the
supporting cylinder or wheel and the drawing nip may be varied to the general
length of staple being treated.
By thus supporting the various fibres in passing from the feed to the
drawing nip, the shorter fibres will be more uniformly laid, and a smoother and
more even spinning will be produced.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Jonas Whiteley, John Slater, and William Henry Crossley
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 19th January 1855."
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS. SHALL COME, we, JONAS
WHITELEY, JOHN SLATER, And WILLIAM HENRY CROSSLEY, all of Halifax, in
the County of York, send greeting. :
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
Jonas Whiteley, John Slater, and William Henry Crossley, Her special
licence that we, the said Jonas Whiteley, John Slater, and William Henry
Crossley, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we,
the said Jonas Whiteley, John Slater, and William Henry Crossley, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," upon the con-

page_text: dition (amongst others) that we, the said Jonas Whiteley, John Slater, and
William Henry Crossley, or one of us, by an instrument in writing under our
hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
.'
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Jonas Whiteley, John Slater, and
William Henry Crossley, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is
to say :-
Heretofore in, apparatus employed in preparing and spinning various fibrous
substances it has been usual to effect a drawing or elongation, and consequent
straightening of such fibres, by passing them when combined into a slubbing
or roving between several pairs of rollers, each succeeding pair of which have
given to them a speed or draft greater than the preceeding, but by this
means the combined fibres are supported only at the nip of the separate pairs
of rollers employed, and the shorter fibres thereby have a tendency to turn
outwards from the slubbing or roving, by which imperfect spinning is
produced.
Our improvements consist in applying continuous supporting surface to the
slubbing or roving between the feed and the nip for drawing, and we accom-
plish this by conducting the fibres from the feed on to the surface of a
cylinder or wheel, by which they are supported in passing to the nip for
drawing off.
The surface speed of the supporting cylinder or wheel, as compared with
that of the feed rollers, may be varied according to the draft required.
The drawing nip we effect by a roller pressing on the surface of such sup-
porting cylinder or wheel, and the distance between the point of feeding on to
the supporting cylinder or wheel and the drawing nip may be varied to the
general length of staple being treated.
By thus supporting the various fibres in passing from the feed to the drawing
nip, the shorter fibres will be more uniformly laid, and a smoother and more
even spinning will be produced.
But that the nature of our said Invention, and the means we adopt in carry-
ing the same into effect, may be fully understood, we will proceed to describe
the Drawings annexed.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows a sectional view, Figure 2 an end view, Figure 3 a front
view, Figure 4 a plan, and Figures 5 and 6, detail views of parts, of a
drawing frame with our improvements applied.. a, a, is the framing; bis the
main axis from which the various movements to the different parts are
obtained. Upon this axis bis affixed the driving pulley b', which receives
motion by a strap or band from a steam engine or other suitable power; c is
the creel, supporting the supply bobbins d, from which the slubbing or roving
passes to the feed rollers e, e, f, between and partly around which the fibre
under operation is conducted to the supporting cylinder or wheel g, by which
such fibre is supported to the nip, effected by the pressure of the roller h on
the wheel or cylinder g.
The fibre thence passes to the flyer and bobbin in the ordinary manner.
Motion is communicated from the main axis b to the feed rollers and to the
supporting rollers, as we will now explain. Upon the axis b is affixed a pulley
i, by means of a band passing partly around which and a pulley j, motion is
communicated to the drum or pulley j, to which is affixed the pinion j¹, which
takes into and drives the toothed wheel k, affixed on the axis ', on which are
affixed the supporting cylinders or wheels g, used, and by which motion is
given to those supporting cylinders or wheels. Upon the axis is also
affixed a pinion 7, which, by means of the intermediate wheels m, m, gives
motion to the lower feed roller f, there being affixed to the axis f' of that
feed roller a pinion f, which receives the teeth of one of the pinions m.
Upon the axis f' are also affixed pinions f³, the teeth of which take into the
teeth of like pinions e', affixed on the axis of the next feed roller e, which in
its turn gives motion to the pinions e³, affixed on the axis e', of the upper of
the feed rollers. We would, however, remark, that although we have shown
three feed rollers in connection with cach cylinder or wheel 7 (each having
motion given it), the number employed may be varied, and in some cases only
one or more than three may be used, and their speed in relation to the surface
speed of the supporting cylinder g will also be varied according to the draught
desired to be obtained between them and the nip produced by the pressure of
the roller h on the fibre being treated as it passes over the cylinder or wheel g.
The feed rollers e, e, f, are supported in frames n, which are also supported
from the frames o, with a capability of their being shifted, so as to vary the
distance between the feed on to the supporting cylinder or wheel g, and the
nip between that cylinder or wheel and the pressure roller h. For this
purpose, the frames o are formed to receive projections n' from the standards

page_text: n, serving as guiding pieces, and also to receive set screws n³, by which the
standards n (with the feed rollers carried thereby) may be shifted on the
frames o, and set according to the distance desired between the feed rollers
and the nip for the length of staple under operation.
In order that this shifting may be readily effected, and the operation of
shifting produced on one of the standards n be in like manner simultaneously
effected, upon each of the standards n there are formed racks o' on each of the
frames o, which are taken into by pinions n³, affixed to an axis n', which is
capable, when desired, of turning in bearings carried by those standards n.
One end of this axis n' is formed square, to receive a key, by which it may be
turned; and by turning this axis in one or other direction, the standards n
will be caused to move on the frames o, and bring the feed rollers nearer to
or take them farther from the point of nip; and it is the so arranging the parts,
that the fibre under operation may have a continuous travelling support
between the feed rollers and the nip, the length of which support is capable of
being varied to the length of staple in the fibre being treated, which, as
already explained, constitutes the peculiarity of our Invention. In the
arrangement shown, the surfaces of the cylinders or wheels 9 are fluted, as are
also the surfaces of the rollers f, whilst the surfaces of the rollers e, e, are
smooth, and the surfaces of the rollers h are covered with leather; but this
may be varied.
The spindle and flyer conduct the fibre on to the bobbin, and they have
motion given to them in the ordinary manner, constituting no part of our
present improvements.
The rising and falling of the bobbin upon the spindle, for the proper laying
of the fibre from the flyers on to the bobbins, is also such as is well understood.
We would have it understood that we have only thought it necessary to
show our improvements applied in connexion with one variety of this class of
preparing machines, as a workman acquainted with such machinery will, from
what we have already stated, make such slight variations as may be found
desirable in adapting our improvements to each variety.
Figure 7 shows a section, Figure 8 an end view, and Figure 9 a plan, of
parts of a spinning frame with our improvements applied thereto; but as in
this case the parts constituting the improvements are so slightly varied from
those already described, we have thought it sufficient to apply the same letters
of reference to like parts wherever they occur, and the description thereof, as
already given in respect of the previous Figures, applies also in the present
case.
In the spinning frame we have only shown one roller e, in connection with

page_text: each feed roller f, and it receives motion only by friction of the surface of
such roller f; but this may be varied, and the axes of the two sets of cylinders
or wheels g have motion given to them from the main axis 6 in the following
manner-Upon the axis.b is affixed a pinion p. which, by means of inter-
mediate wheels 9, gives motion to the toothed wheels r, upon each of which is
formed a pinion s, which takes into and drives a toothed wheel t, affixed to each
of the axes k¹ of the cylinders or wheels g.
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention, and the manner in
which we carry the same into practice, we would have it understood that we
do not confine ourselves to the precise details herein shown and described so
long as the peculiar character of our Invention be retained; but what we do
claim is, the so arranging and combining parts of machinery or apparatus
employed in preparing and spinning wool and other fibrous substances, that
continuous support may be obtained to the fibre between the feed rollers and
the nip for drawing off, by a suitable supporting surface travelling in the same
direction as the fibre under operation, as explained.
In witness whereof, we, the said Jonas Whiteley, John Slater, and
William Henry Crossley, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this
Sixteenth day of January, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-five.
JONAS WHITELEY.
JOHN SLATER.
(L.8.)
(L.B.)
WILLIAM HENRY CROSSLEY. (L.S.)
Witness to all the signatures,
GEORGE HOLDS. CROSSLEY.