Improvements in and connected with Pistons and Piston_Packings, Piston Valves, Gland Packings, or other like Sliding Joints.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Sept., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 23rd June, 1891-Accepted, 25th July, 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Pistons and Piston_Packings,
Piston Valves, Gland Packings, or other like Sliding Joints.
We, HENRY TURNER, of 8, Grosvenor Terrace, Hoylake, in the County of
Chester, Engineer, WILLIAM BAYLIFF, and THOMAS DUTTON BAYLIFF, of
Wirral Foundry, Beaufort Road, Birkenhead, in the County of Chester, Engineers,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has reference to the packing, that is the making fluid-tight, of
working joints such as those formed between engine or machine cylinder walls and
their pistons, and in gland packings and the like; and it has for one of its objects
to regulate the pressure on the packing, and control the friction between sneh
moving parts, and at the same time to render thoroughly effective the lubrication
thereof.
In a piston and piston packing according to this invention the packing rings are
pressed outwards and onto the cylinder walls by a liquid behind same, and under
pressure, this liquid being by preference a lubricating oil, part of which is used to
lubricate the sliding joints. The oil is introduced behind the rings in an annular space,
and is conveyed to such space through the piston or tail rod as the case may be, or a
special rod connected with the piston. The hole by which the oil ise onveyed through
the piston rod is in communication with said annular space by a suitable pipe or
conduit. Through the rings, holes are provided which communicate with the exterior
surface of said rings and said annular liquid space, which holes serve as the conduit for
conveying the oil to the exterior of the piston for lubricating it and the cylinder
walls. To distribute this lubricating oil thoroughly, an external groove may be
provided in the ring or packing and communicating with the various oil supply
holes.
Behind the main packing ring we provide other rings having bevelled faces or
edges and so arranged that the pressure of fluid upon their backs causes them to
press on the surface of the metal of the space in the piston in which they are
contained, thereby rendering a joint at these points permanent, and preventing
either the escape of the packing liquid, or the entrance of the working fluid of the
engine into such space.
In an ordinary piston a single external packing ring proper, and of comparatively
shallow depth, will serve to keep the necessary joint tight.
The pressure of the liquid upon the ring, according to this invention, is controlled
and rendered variable according to the requirements, and in the case of steam
engines the pressure is obtained from the boiler steam or steam from the valve
casings, which is admitted to a closed vessel communicating with the piston through
any of the rods above specified. This pressure forces the oil through suitable
conduits as hereinafter described. The pressure may be suitably controlled by a
valve kept upon its face or closed normally by a spring or weight, which is
adjustable, and which valve has to be raised by the pressure of the steam, hence as
a greater weight is put upon this valve, the less the pressure of steam admitted to
the aforesaid liquid containing chamber and vice versa.
This chamber may have above it a filling cup having two cocks, and operating
after the manner of a lubricator filler; and the lower chamber may have a pipe or
conduit so arranged within it that the oil enters it from above, it being forced
upwards by the water of condensation of the steam. The apparatus is also provided
with a pressure gauge, a drain pipe for drawing off water, and a cock for regulating
the supply of oil from the oil containing chamber.

page_text: In applying this invention to pistons where the oil or other liquid has to be
supplied to a moving part, we connect the oil supplying apparatus just described
with said moving part (ie. the piston, tail, or other rod) by rocking hollow arms or
tubes with suitable connections or joints at points forming the terminals of said
rocking arms or tubes; for instance one of such joints, which may be in the form
of a tapered plug, may be formed directly on the supply pipe of the supply apparatus,
and a hollow arm conveys oil from this point to, say, the piston or tail rod. At
this connection to the rod another plug or like joint is provided, and a rocking
hollow arm is provided thereon and connects it with the outer end of the hollow
arm first described, which connection is made by a similar joint. Of course these
arms and connecting joints will vary according to the varying applications of the
invention, as will also the manner and mode and construction of parts by which the
oil or other fluid is conveyed to the annular oil chamber of the piston.
In the case of gland packings, a similar ring and mode of supplying the oil will
be employed, except that the rings, of course, are arranged conversely to those of a
piston, and no working or moving supply tubes are required. The rings may be
arranged in a stuffing box and kept in position by a gland or cap of any known
suitable form; and in addition to these rings, if necessary, a turn or two of soft
packing may be employed to aid in preventing leakage.
Although we have described the invention mainly with reference to packings of
pistons and gland packings of steam engines, it is to be understood that it is also
applicable to various other kinds of motors and machines wherein fluid is used to
work such machines or engine, or wherein it is compressed or forced or otherwise
operated upon.
Dated this 22nd day of Sontember 1800
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Applicants' Patent Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Pistons and Piston Packings,
Piston Valves, Gland Packings, or other like Sliding Joints.
We, HENRY TURNER, of 8, Grosvenor Terrace, Hoylake, in the County of
Chester, Engineer, WILLIAM BAYLIFF, and THOMAS DUTTON BAYLIFF, of
Wirral Foundry, Beaufort Road, Birkenhead, in the County of Chester, Engineers,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention has reference to the packing, that is the making fluid-tight, of
working joints such as those formed between engine or machine cylinder walls and
their pistons, and in gland packings and the like; and it has for one of its object to
regulate the pressure on the packing, and control the friction between such
moving parts, and at the same time to render thoroughly effective the lubrication
thereof.
In a piston and piston packing according to this invention the packing rings are
pressed outwards and onto the cylinder walls by a liquid behind same, and under
pressure, this liquid being by preference a lubricating oil, part of which is used to
lubricate the sliding joints. The oil is introduced behind the rings in an annular
space, and is conveyed to such space through the piston or tail rod as the case may
be, or a special rod connected with the piston. This hole by which the oil is
conveyed through the piston rod is in communication with said annular space by a
suitable pipe or conduit. Through the rings, holes are provided which communi-
cate with the exterior surface of said rings and said annular liquid space, which
holes serve as the conduit for conveying the oil to the exterior of the piston for
lubricating it and the cylinder walls. To distribute this lubricating oil thoroughly,

page_text: an external groove may be provided in the ring or packing and communicating with
the various oil supply holes.
Behind the main packing ring we provide other rings having bevelled faces or
edges and so arranged that the pressure of fluid upon their backs causes them to
press on the surface of the metal of the space in the piston in which they are
contained, thereby rendering a joint at these points permanent, and preventing
either the escape of the packing liquid, or the entrance of the working fluid of the
engine into such space.
In an ordinary piston a single external packing ring proper, and of comparatively
shallow depth, will serve to keep the necessary tight joint.
The pressure of the liquid upon the ring, according to this invention, is controlled
and rendered variable according to the requirements; and in the case of steam
engines the pressure is. obtained from the boiler steam or steam from the valve
casings, which is admitted to a closed vessel communicating with the piston through
any of the rods above specified. This pressure forces the oil through suitable
conduits as hereinafter described. The pressure may be suitably controlled by a
valve kept upon its face or closed normally by a spring or weight, which is
adjustable and which valve has to be raised by the pressure of the steam; hence
as a greater weight is put upon this valve, the less the pressure of steam admitted to
the aforesaid liquid containing chamber, and vice versa.
This chamber may have above it a filling cup having two cocks, and operating
after the manner of a lubricator filler; and the lower chamber may have a pipe or
conduit so arranged within it that the oil enters it from above, it being forced
upwards by the water of condensation of the steam. The apparatus is also provided
with a pressure gauge, a drain pipe for drawing off water, and a cock for regulating
the supply of oil from the oil containing chamber.
At
In applying this invention to pistons where the oil or other liquid has to be
supplied to a moving part, we connect the oil supplying apparatus just described
with said moving part (i.e. the piston, tail, or other rod) by rocking hollow arms or
tubes with suitable connections or joints at points forming the terminals of said
rocking arms or tubes; for instance one of such joints, which may be in the form of
a tapered plug, may be formed directly on the supply pipe of the supply apparatus,
and a hollow arm conveys oil from this point to, say, the piston or tail rod.
this connection to the rod another plug or like joint is provided and a rocking
hollow arm is provided therein and connects it with the outer end of the hollow
arm first described, which connection is made by a similar joint. Of course these
arms and connecting joints will vary according to the varying applications of the
invention, as will also the manner and mode and construction of parts by which the
oil or other fluid is conveyed to the annular oil chamber of the piston.
In the case of gland packings, a similar ring and mode of supplying the oil will
be employed, except that the rings, of course, are arranged conversely to those of
a piston, and no working or moving supply tubes are required. The rings may be
arranged in a stuffing box and kept in position by a gland or cap of any known
suitable form; and in addition to these rings, if necessary, a turn or two of soft
packing may be employed to aid in preventing leakage.
Although we have described the invention mainly with reference to packings of
pistons and gland packings of steam engines, it is to be understood that it is also
applicable to various other kinds of motors and machines wherein fluid is used to
work such machines or engine, or wherein it is compressed or forced or otherwise
operated upon.
In order that our invention may be fully understood, we will describe it by the
aid of the accompanying drawings which illustrate examples of packings according
to our invention. The drawings are marked with figures of reference corresponding
with those used in the following Specification.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation; and
Figure 2 is a plan, partly in section, of a piston constructed and adapted to
| operate according to this invention.

page_text: Figure 3 is an elevation shewing the connections between the devices for
containing and feeding the oil or lubricant to the part to be lubricated.
Figure 4 is a modified arrangement thereof.
Figure 5 shews a modified construction of piston packing according to the
invention; and
Figure 6 shews a gland packing.
;
With reference to the drawings, a is the body of the piston; p is the packing
ring are separate rings acting in connection with the ring p; and j is an
ordinary junk ring. c is a space between the body a and the rings p, into which
the liquid which is used to press the rings outwards is introduced. d is the piston
rod, having an aperture d' therein down which the lubricating liquid is passed;
and d² is a tube or conduit communicating between the hole d and the annular
space c. is an ordinary filling ring for filling up space within an existing piston
or a new piston-not required or occupied by the ring p.
Referring now to Figure 3, e is an ordinary oil filling cup, having valves el at the
top and at the bottom by which oil is alternately admitted and discharged therefrom.
fis the cup or vessel which is the containing vessel proper of the liquid supplying
device. It acts in a well known way by the condensation of steam. The oil floating
on the condensed water passes into the pipe g, shewn in dotted lines, down into the
pipe . is a cock on the vesself by which the supply of oil to the outlet his
regulated. is a valve on the steam inlet pipe by which the quantity and
pressure of steam admitted to the vessel is regulated, its regulation being
effected by the spring 2, which is adjustable by the screwed top support
a pipe connected with a pressure guage; and k is the drain pipe of the vessel f.
The connection between the vesself and the piston rod d is made by providing
rocking plug joints 1, 1, on the vessel f, and the piston rod d, respectively, and pipes
or other tubes m, m2, which are fixed to the plugs and at one end, and at their
other, to cach other by a plug joint connection of any suitable known type. This
means of feeding liquid from a fixed vessel to a moving part, or vice versa, is well
known and needs therefore no further description.
is
In the modification shewn in Figure 4, the vessel is provided with an outlet
pipe directly over the piston rod d, and adapted to pass into the piston rod d
directly through a stuffing box and gland 1, as is shewn.
In action, the steam through the pipe ¹ raises the valve i and enters the vesself,
and as it condenses therein, falls to the bottom, and correspondingly raises the oil
therein. And as the oil is raised it falls into the pipe g at its upper open extremity,
and flows by way of the outlet h, joint connections m, m', and ', to the hole in
the piston rod, and from thence by the conduit d² into the annular space c of the
piston. From this space it is admitted by apertures o into an annular groover in
the ring p, and so to the surface of the cylinder wall. The pressure of the fluid
within the annular space c, and acting on the back of the ring, subjected thereto,
causes these rings to move in such a manner as to make a proper steam joint in all
respects, the pressure tending to press it into the cylinder walls being regulated by
the pressure put upon the valve by its spring i.
In Figure 5, the piston ring p is provided with a bevelled back on which two
rings only, instead of four as in Figure 1, are provided to make the joints tight in
all respects.
In Figure 6, we shew a packing for a stuffing box, u, with the improvements"
according to this invention applied thereto. The space c,
in which the pressure
and lubricating fluid is passed, is in this case behind the ring p, and the liquid of
course presses the ring onto the rod d. A. loose ring t and a little soft packing t¹ is
employed between the ring p and the gland u'. This construction provides for a
perfect steam tight joint and a lubricated surface of the rod.
In conclusion we wish it understood that we do not intend to confine the invention
to the precise disposition and arrangement of parts herein set forth with reference
to the drawings, as, for instance, it will be evident that in applying the invention to
pistons of steam engines, gas engines, machinery for compressing air and other

page_text: gases or vapours, rams, pump pistons, piston valves, and so forth, the parts,
or some of them, will be modified in arrangement and construction to suit such
application.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is
1. The herein described mode of packing pistons, glands, piston valves, and other
sliding joints, consisting in supplying a liquid (preferably oil) under pressure,
whereby the pressure of the ring or packing upon the surface it is adapted to rub
against, can be controlled; for the purposes set forth.
2. The mode of packing pistons, glands, piston valves, and other sliding joints,
consisting in forcing oil or like lubricant by steam behind the ring or rings of the
piston or other part, the pressure of steam acting upon the lubricant being
controlled; substantially as set forth.
3. The means for packing pistons constructed substantially as set forth with
reference to Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the drawings.
4. A piston or equivalent packing having a ring or rings with an aperture
behind them in which a lubricating fluid is provided under pressure, and apertures
or ways and recess (such as o, r,) for the admission of lubricant to the rubbing
surfaces of the parts; substantially as set forth.
5. The construction of piston packing, particularly set forth with reference to
Figures 1 and 2, and Figure 6.
6. The gland packing constructed, arranged and operating as set forth with
reference to Figure 5 of the drawings.
Dated this 22nd day of June 1891.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Applicants' Patent Agents.