Improved Apparatus for Pumping and Compressing Air.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Dec., 1886.
Specification Accepted, 21st Jan., 1887.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Apparatus for Pumping and Compressing Air.
I EMIL KASELOWSKY of 17/18 Chaussee Strasse, Berlin in the Empire of Germany,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
The apparatus shewn in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 of the accompanying drawing, has.for its
object to draw in air, and then to compress the same. To this end, 2 or more air
suction cylinders aa are provided, which draw in air and force it into a smaller
cylinder b, in which latter the actual high-compression takes place.
The pistons of all the cylinders are mounted on one and the same cross-head c, so
that they make simultaneously the same motion.
During the action of compression, the compressed air becomes warmed. The air
sucked into the cylinders a a through the suction valves e in the piston d, will not be
conveyed through the valve f direct into the high pressure cylinder b, but it will first
enter a channel y (Figs. 1 and 2), to which is adapted a cooling worm hh, which
terminates above (see Fig. 2) in the valve box i. From thence the air passes through
the valve k into the high pressure cylinder b, where it receives its last and greatest
compression by means of the piston 1, and from whence it passes through the valve m
into the coil nn, terminating at o. The cooling worms hh and nn are situate in the
casing pp (which is filled with water) surrounding the pump cylinders.
In this way a two-fold cooling of the air takes place, and in particular (which is
here essential) the air will be cooled on its passage between the cylinders aa and the
compression cylinder b. The water in the water receptacle p p will be kept in constant
circulation (and renewed as occasion requires) by means of a feed pump adapted to
one side of the same, or by means of any other suitable arrangement of apparatus.
In order to cool the pump cylinder as rapidly as possible, the walls of the are provided
with ribs or projections r designed to facilitate the cooling action.
As of course the greatest development of heat in the high pressure cylinder 6 takes
place during the time of the greatest compression, the piston of this cylinder is
specially and suitably constructed for the purpose.

page_text: As represented in Fig. 4, this piston consists essentially of three metal rings of
special alloy, provided with conical surfaces, and these rings are divided, so that when
the nut w of the cover is tightened up, they will be capable of expanding radially, and
can thus be easily made to fit closely against the walls of the compression cylinder.
At the under and cooler part of this piston (where there is less chance of its charring)
there is also, in addition to this, a leather washers, which has for its object to ensure
the certain and close packing of the piston in an upward direction.
The driving of the pistons mounted upon the crosshead c may be effected by means
of any suitable motor.
In the drawing, by way of example, a steam cylinder is shown as the driving power,
the piston of which is connected directly by means of two piston rods with the cross-
head, in which is a slide for the cranked axle of the fly wheel, which axle also operates
the steam engine slide valve and water pump. Motive power other than steam may
however be employed, if desired, and other driving mechanism such as bands or link
rods &c., may be used.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. The arrangement of 2 or more cylinders a a, which jointly, with the same stroke,
press the air into a small cylinder b, in such a way, that during the back stroke of the
piston, the air will be drawn in, but in the forward movement thereof it will be
compressed in the small cylinder b.
2. The peculiar method of cooling the air, which consists in this, that the air
compressed in the two or more cylinders a a, before its entry into the compression
cylinder b, passes through a cooling worm, which is arranged between the cylinders a a
and the compression cylinder b.
3. The arrangement of ribs on the air cylinders, with the object of obtaining as
great a cooling surface as possible.
4. The construction of the piston of an air compressing cylinder in such a way, that
the packing of the piston is effected both by means of inserted expansible metal rings
with conical surfaces, and also by means of a leather washer arranged as shown, which,
for the purpose of avoiding burning, is adapted to the lower portion of the piston, and
there prevents the passage of the air in an upward direction.
5. The driving arrangement for three or more pistons on one crosshead, provided
with a slide for the cranked shaft of the fly wheel, in such a way, that the strokes take
place simultaneously and directly, without further transmission.
NEWTON & DUN,
Agents for the Applicant.