Improvements in and connected with Elastic Tyres for Road Vehicle Wheels.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Nov.. 1895 .
Complete Specification Left, 30th Sept., 1895-Accepted, 31st Oct., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Elastic Tyres for Road
Vehicle Wheels.
I, JOHN BIRTWISLE of 4 York Street Manchester in the County of Lancaster,
Merchant do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to elastic tyres for the wheels of vehicles used on ordinary
roads, its principal object being to enable such tyres to be used safely and
conveniently on ordinary wheels without their application thereto involving any
necessary addition, alteration, or modification beyond that of the addition of the
tyre to the wheel. Such tyres may also be readily placed upon and detached from
the wheels, and the wheels may be used either with or without the elastic tyres.
In
A tyre constructed for the purpose of this invention may consist of a cover or
tread and an inflatable tube. The edges of the cover are inextensible in use and
are adapted to engage one on each side of the felloe or rim of the wheel against
which they are firmly held when the air tube is inflated. The cover is formed
preferably of indiarubber combined with canvas or other suitable restraining
material so as to be practically inextensible though flexible in cross section.
order to ensure the edges of the cover being held against the sides of the wheel by
the air pressure, the canvas or other material is of such a width between the edges
of the cover that when in place and the air tube is inflated the cover assumes a
setni-circular or smaller curve of which the tread or face of the wheel with which
it is employed or a line drawn between the outside edges of the rim with which
the cover comes in contact, is a diameter or chord. So constructed, the cover,
when the tyre is inflated, exerts a pull on each side in the direction of the centre
plane of the wheel.
The edges of the cover are preferably combined with or consist of wire or other
rings, one or both of which may be adjustable in length. When the cover is laid
out in the circular form the radius of the circle occupied by its edges is something
less than the radius of the wheel with which it may be combined. It is preferred
to mould or form the cover semi-circular or horse shoe shaped in cross section with
the edges at a distance apart about equal to or somewhat less than the thickness of
the wheel rim.
In applying the tyre the air tube is first placed upon the rim of the wheel
through which the valve is passed and the cover is placed over it with one of its
edges upon each side of the felloe or in juxtaposition therewith. The air tube is
then inflated, whereupon the edges of the cover close down upon and firmly grip
the felloe or rim of the wheel and the tyre cannot be displaced by any ordinary
means so long as the air tube remains inflated. When the tyre is deflated it may
be removed quickly and without trouble.
The tyre may thus be applied to any ordinary vehicle wheel without any
alteration or contrivance, but special additions may be made optionally. Thus,.
if it be desired to adopt precautions to prevent creeping of the tyre upon the rim,
a lug or lugs may be attached to one or both of the inextensible edges and through
this or these a pin or pins or the like may pass from the rim or felloe. In like.
manner, if it be desired to have the inextensible edges of the cover flush with the
sides of the rim or felloe, or to form a bed for them, the outer part of the rim or
felloe may be turned down or have a reduced thickness for their reception.

page_text: It may be advantageous to arrange a cushion between the rim of the wheel and
the air tube.
Should a wheel provided with an elastic tyre in accordance with this invention
meet with an accident, the tyre may at once be removed, and the vehicle will then
have the ordinary road wheel for use.
If desired a single tube tyre may be similarly provided with inextensible rings
or the like, and with canvas or other restraining material of a width insufficient
to assume a curve greater than a semi-circle from the face of the wheel to which
it is adapted.
Dated this 29th day of November 1895.
W. E. HEYS & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in and connected with Elastic Tyres for Road
Vehicle Wheels.
I, JOHN BIRTWISLE, of 4 York Street, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Merchant do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This invention relates to elastic tyres for the wheels of vehicles used upon
ordinary roads, its principal object being to enable such tyres to be used safely
and conveniently on ordinary wheels without their application thereto involving
any necessary addition, alteration or modification beyond that of the addition of
the tyre to the wheel. Such tyres may also be readily placed upon and detached
from the wheels, and the wheels may be used either with or without the tyres.
A tyre constructed for the purpose of this invention may consist of a cover or
tread and an inflatable tube. The edges of the cover are inextensible in use and
are adapted to engage one on each side of the felloe or rim of the wheel against
which they are firmly held when the air tube is inflated. The cover is formed
preferably of indiarubber combined with canvas or other suitable restraining
material so as to be practically inextensible though flexible in cross section. In
order to ensure the edges of the cover being held against the sides of the wheel
by the air pressure, the canvas or other material is of such a width between the
edges of the cover that when in place and the air tube is inflated the cover assumes
a semi-circular or smaller curve of which the tread or face of the wheel with which
it is employed, or a line drawn between the outside edges of the rim with which
the cover comes into contact, is a chord or diameter. So constructed, the cover,
when the tyre is inflated, exerts a pull on each side in the direction of the centre
plane of the wheel.
The edges of the cover are preferably combined with or consist of wire or other
rings one or both of which may be adjustable in length. When the cover is laid
out in the circular form the radius of the circle occupied by its edges is something
less than the radius of the wheel with which it is to be combined. It is preferred
to mould or form the cover semi-circular or horse-shoe shaped in cross section with
the edges at a distance apart about equal to, or somewhat less than the thickness
of the wheel rim.
In applying the tyre, the air, tube is first placed upon the rim of the wheel,
through which the valve is passed, and the cover is placed over it with one of its
edges upon each side of the felloe or in juxtaposition therewith. The air tube is
then inflated, whereupon the edges of the cover close down upon and firmly grip

page_text: the felloe or rim of the wheel, and the tyre cannot be displaced by any ordinary
means so long as the air tube remains inflated. When the tyre is deflated,. it. may
be removed quickly and without trouble.
The accompanying drawings, to which I will hereinafter refer, illustrate in what
manner my invention may be carried into effect. Similar letters of reference are
used to indicate similar parts where they occur in the different figures.
Figure 1 indicates a section of an ordinary wheel with the improved tyre applied.
A is the wooden felloe, B is the ordinary iron rim, and C is the air tube placed
upon them. The cover D, is provided with inextensible edges E, and is placed
over the air tube in such a manner that one of its edges comes against each side
of the wheel. Combined with the cover and stretching from one edge to the
other, is a strip of canvas or other suitable inextensible and flexible material.
This strip is of such a width that it cannot, when the air tube is inflated, assume a
greater curve than a semi-circle from the face of the wheel. It is preferably
attached to or forms the inner surface of the cover as is customary with the tyre
covers commonly in use. It is preferred that the curve formed by the inside of
the cover, be slightly less than a semi-circle, as shewn in the drawings, as by this
means a more powerful inward pull is exerted upon the edges. It is also preferred
to place a pad, cushion, or the like, F, of any suitable material between the air
tube and the iron rim.
Figure 2 shews a similar section of a wheel and tyre, one side of the wheel being
recessed at G, for the reception of one of the edges of the tyre. This recess
serves both to protect the contained edge, and to ensure that the tyre is concentric
with the wheel. Both sides of the wheel may be recessed if desired, for the edges
of the cover.
For the purpose of centreing the tyre upon the wheel, one edge of the rim may
overbang the felloe, as represented in Figure 3, or both sides may overhang. The
edge of the cover is formed of such a diameter that it fits within the overhanging
portion.
Figure 4 represents an elevation of a wheel furnished with my improved tyre.
As shewn in this figure, one edge of the tyre may be provided with lugs or the
like, H, which are perforated to engage with pins or studs I, upon the side of the
wheel. These lugs and pins serve to prevent the tyre from creeping, and,
additionally, to ensure its concentricity. The other side of the wheel and tyre
may, of course, be similarly furnished."
Figure 5 illustrates in cross section, a complete wheel felloe and rim provided
with my improved tyre.
It will, of course, be understood that although I have confined my description
and illustrations to tyres consisting of separate air tubes and covers, my improve-
ments are equally applicable to tyres consisting of a single tube, or to tyres having
their air tubes secured to their covers, the essential feature being the incorporation
or combination with the tyre of an inextensible strip incapable of assuming a curve
greater than a semi-circle from the face of the wheel tread.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A tyre for road vehicle wheels, consisting of an air-tube, and a cover having
inextensible edges or the like incapable of assuming a curvature greater than a
semi-circle from the tread of the wheel, constructed and arranged substantially as
and for the purpose hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying
drawings.
2. A pneumatic tyre for the wheels of road vehicles, provided with inextensible
edges and an inextensible portion incapable of assuming a curvature larger than a
semi-circle from the tread of the wheel when in use, substantially as and for the
purpose hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

page_text: 3. A pneumatic tyre for road vehicles, constructed and arranged substantially
as and for the purpose herein before described with reference to the accompanying
-drawings.
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Ca
3000
W. E. HEYS & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.