An Improved Wind-mill or Wind Motor.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Nov., 1892-Accepted, 8th July, 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Wind-mill or Wind Motor.
I, SARAH JANE ROLLASON, of 50 Goldhurst Terrace, South Hampstead, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentlewoman, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in wind-mills or wind motors. Fixed on
the buildings is a wind wheel provided with sails rotating about a vertical axis.
Half of the apparatus is protected by a shield (which is automatically regulated
by the wind) to stop back resistance thereby bringing the whole force of the wind
on the exposed portions of the sails. There is fixed to the spindle a wheel which
may be geared for driving purposes to work a pumping grinding or other machine.
In the accompanying drawings
Figure 1 is a section of elevation Figure 2 is a plan of the sails shield and outer
frame,
Figure 3 is a section shewing the connection of the sails to a portion of
spindle C and the arrangement of the two spindles C and and the connection of
the shield with spindle 7.
Fig. 4 is a section of a portion of spindle C showing spindle C passing clear
through bearing of the shield down to its own bearing 9 on the bottom portions of
the framework.
The sails a Figs. 1 and 2 being made of wood or other suitable materials are
preferably convex in form and are carried on curved arms b see Figs. 1 and 2.
The numbers required depend upon the size and strength of apparatus. The
arms b are secured to iron bosses provided with lugs. The bosses being keyed or
bolted at suitable distances on spindle C the arms b sails a and spindle Call rotate
together when set in motion by the wind. On the concave side of each sail a there
are secured a number of ridges e Figs. 1 and 2 so as to lie at a small angle with
the horizontal their upper ends pointing towards spindle C. I have found the
addition of such ridges to be very advantageous and to give increased power in the
working of the wind wheel. The sails a do not extend right up to the spindle C
but between it and the inner edge of each sail a considerable space is left for the
wind to pass through. The spindle C carries the whole weight of the wind wheel
with its sails and arms and passes clear through centre of the bearing which carries
the weight of the shield and continues down through the sleeve g and trough j to
take wheel for driving. The sleeve g is keyed or bolted to spindle C and rotates
on rollers journalled in a plate i in trough jj which is bolted to bottom cross
piece of X the lower portion of the external framing. The trough j is made deep
enough to hold oil for rollers to work in. Around outer edge of sails a and inside
the outer framework X is a round framework k Figs. 1 and 2 supported and
secured on four or more cross arms k¹ bolted to bearings y aud carried on rollers /
in trough ; see Figs. 1 and 4 the trough j being screwed down to cross piece ✗'
Figs. 1 and 4. The top of framework k is connected by four or more arms k
Figs. 1 and 3 to spindle 1. The spindle is carried upward through the top of
apparatus X the vane m is secured to spindle 1. The framework spindle and
vane m revolve together. The two sleeves Z and g¹ carrying the weight of the
spindle and vane in a similar manner to the sleeve 9 and the sleeve Z taking the
side thrust. The spindle passes clear through the troughs of Z, g' and cross
pieces of X down below framework to form a pivot or top centre for the wind
wheel. The bearing O (see Fig. 3) on the top of the wind wheel takes the end of
spindle and this forms the top bearing of the wind wheel. Fixed from bottom
to top of framework k are boards or other suitable materials to cover about a third

page_text: of the distance round to form the shield for shielding half of the apparatus see k
Figs. 1 and 2 to prevent the wind from striking the convex side of sails a thus
stopping back resistance. The point of vane i is set in a line with edge of
shield n Fig. 2 so as to bring the whole force of the wind upon the concave
portions of sails. The small arrow Fig. 2 denotes the direction the wind is
supposed to be blowing thus shewing the object of shielding half of the apparatus.
As the direction of the wind changes the vane regulates the position of the shield
and causes it to travel round. sails a until the point of vane m faces the wind
again. The weight of the shield and its spindle and vane is wholly taken by the
bearings y and so that the friction of the bearing g of the wind wheel is only
that due to the weight of the wind wheel alone. It will be seen that by placing
the framing X which supports the moving parts outside both shield and wind wheel
I am enabled to obtain a lower bearing for the shield as described. This outer
framing may conveniently take the form of a turret and be placed on the loftiest
part of a building. The wheel on spindle C is geared or arranged for driving
purposes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare what I
claim is :-
(1) The general arrangements of wind-mill hereinbefore described comprising a
wind wheel rotating round a vertical axis, a shield rotating round the same axis and
automatically shifted by means of a vane and an external supporting framing,
outside both the wind wheel and the shield which may conveniently take the form
of an open turret substantially as described.
(2) The arrangement for taking the weight of the shield with its spindle and
vane, so that such weight does not come upon the working spindle of the wind
wheel but is independently supported, substantially as described.
(3) The combined arrangement for taking the weights of the shield, wind wheel
and other moving parts so as to obviate friction substantially as described.
(4) The construction of windwheel with its concave sails a ridges e and
openings substantially as described.
(5) The arrangement of the upper bearing O of the wind wheel in combination
with the spindle of the shield or vane substantially as described.
Dated this 17th day of November 1892.
CASTLE SMITH,
"Invention" Office, 54, Fleet Street, London, E.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.