AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HARROWS
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Smith, of Brierley Hill Iron Works, near
Dudley, in the County of Worcester, Manufacturer, for the Invention of
"AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HARROWS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th July 1856.
I, HENRY SMITH, of Brierley Hill Iron Works, near Dudley, in the County
of Worcester, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven
tion for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HARROWS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the following method of constructing and attaching
the tines or tangs of harrows to the frames or bodies of the said harrows. I
form the tine or tang of cast iron, and make, on the upper part of it, a shoulder of
larger dimensions than the lower part of the tine or tang. The said shoulder
bears against the frame, and by its breadth gives great stability to the tine.
In the shoulder of the tine is formed a square or other shaped taper cavity,
which receives a taper plug of corresponding form of wrought iron, which said
plug is fastened in the said shoulder by a pin or cotter passing transversely
through the said shoulder and plug.
The upper portion of this plug is "set," or "shouldered down," into a round

page_text: or other formed pin, the shoulder abutting against the under side of the frame
of the harrow, and the round or other shaped pin passing through the said
frame, to which it is securely rivetted on the upper side, thus rendering the
harrow perfectly firm and secure, independent of the tines. Before rivetting
the end of the said pin, I prefer to drop a washer on the said pin, so that the
said washer shall be interposed between the rivetted head and the frame of the
harrow.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Smith in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
6th January 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
SMITH, of Brierley Hill Iron Works, near Dudley, in the County of Worcester,
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Henry Smith, Her special licence that I, the said Henry Smith,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Henry Smith, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVE-
MENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HARROWS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Henry Smith, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the. Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Smith, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
My said Invention consists of the method, herein-after particularly described

page_text: and illustrated in the accompanying Drawing, of constructing and attaching
the tines or tangs of harrows to the frames or bodies of the said harrows.
Figure 1 represents in vertical section one of the tines or tangs of a
harrow constructed and attached to the frame of the harrow according to my
Invention. Figure 2 represents the same in vertical section, the said section,
Figure 2, being taken in a plane at right angles to that in which Figure 1 is
taken. Figure 3 represents in plan the upper side of the portion of a
harrow, shown in section in Figures 1 and 2. Figure 4 is a plan of the upper
end of the tine or tang. The line a, Figure 3, indicates the plane in which
the section, Figure 1, is taken, and the line 6, Figure 3, indicates the plane in
which the section, Figure 2, is taken. I make the tine or tang c of cast iron;
the said tine or tang having a shoulder d, of larger dimensions than the lower
part of the said tine or tang. In the shoulder of the tine or tang a square or
other shaped cavity e is formed. A plug f, of wrought iron, and of the same
figure as the cavity e, is fixed to the frame g of the harrow. The said plug f
enters the shoulder d of the tine or tang, and is fastened thereon by a pin or
cotter h, passing transversely through the shoulder d and plug f. The upper
portion of the plug f is "set," or "shouldered down," at i into a cylindrical or
other shaped pin of smaller diameter than the part which enters the shoulder
d of the tine or tang.
The part k of the plug f passes through holes in the frame g, and is rivetted
in the said frame, as shown at l. The framing of the harrow is thus held
together securely, independently of the tines or tangs. Before rivetting the
head of the plug f, I prefer to drop a washer m on the said pin, so that the
said washer shall be interposed between the rivetted head 1 and the frame g of
the harrow.
By my method of constructing harrows and attaching the tines or tangs
thereto, great strength in the framing of the harrow and firmness in the con-
nection of the tines or tangs thereto are secured. The tines or tangs may
readily be removed and replaced by others, when necessary, without affecting
the strength of the framing.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention; and the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit
myself to the precise details herein described and represented, as the same may
be varied without departing from the nature of my said Invention ; but I
claim as my Invention the method herein-before described, and illustrated in
the accompanying Drawing, of manufacturing harrows, that is to say, attaching
the tines or tangs of harrows to the framing of the said harrows, by cottering
or otherwise fixing the said tines or tangs to plugs fixed to the framing of the

page_text: harrows, the said plugs entering cavities made in the shoulders of the tines or
tangs for their reception, and the parts of the said framing being held together
independent of the said tines or tangs.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Smith, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifth day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Witness,
GEORGE SHAW.
HENRY SMITH. (L.S.)