IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF COPPER SLAGS, SCORIE, OR CINDERS, SO AS TO OBTAIN THE IRON WHICH THEY CONTAIN
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Crace Calvert, of the City of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Professor of Chemistry, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF COPPER SLAGS, SCORIE, OR CINDERS,
SO AS TO OBTAIN THE IRON WHICH THEY CONTAIN."
Sealed the 21st December 1855, and dated the 26th October 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Crace Calvert
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th October 1855.
I, FREDERICK CRACE. CALVERT, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Professor of Chemistry, do hereby declare the nature of the said.
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF COPPER SLAGS, SCORIÆ, OB
CINDERS, SO AS TO OBTAIN THE IRON WHICH THEY CONTAIN," to be as follows:-
The object which I desire to obtain is the production of iron from copper
slags, scoriæ, or cinders, and to obtain this iron from such slags, scoriæ, or
cinders, not only in blast furnaces or places now in use for smelting iron, but
also on ordinary cupolas, or other suitable furnaces or places: I shall now
explain how I intend to operate so as to effect the fluxing of the above slags,
scoriæ, or cinders, and thus obtain the iron they contain.

page_text: My first mode of treating such slags, scoria, or cinders is as follows:-
I take the raw slags, scoriæ, or cinders, such as they come out of the furnace,
either in a melted state or cold and solid, and I introduce them into a furnace
or other place, and when in a state of fusion I introduce into them from
one-half to one-third their weight of quick lime, or from one-half to two-thirds
their weight of slacked lime, carbonate of lime, limestone commonly used in
blast furnaces, or magnesian limestone, and after the mixture of lime and
slags, scorice, or cinders has been stirred, so that the lime is united with the
slags, scoriæ, or cinders, the mass is then removed and allowed to cool.
Secondly, I take copper slags, scoriæ, or cinders, and roast or calcine them
in the open air or in a kiln, and introduce them into a furnace or other
suitable place, and melt them with about one-third their weight of quick lime,
or one-half of their weight of slacked lime, carbonate of lime, limestone com-
monly used in blast furnaces, or magnesian limestone, or smelt such slags, scoria,
or cinders, and then introduce into them the above compounds of lime and
magnesia. When the mass is well melted, and the lime united with the slags,
scoriæ, or cinders, I then remove it and allow it to cool.
Thirdly, I mix raw, calcined, or roasted copper slags, scoriæ, or cinders
with one-third to one-half their weight of quick lime, slacked lime, carbonate
of lime, limestone commonly used in blast furnaces, or magnesian limestone,
and introduce them into a crucible or other suitable vessel, which I then place
in a heated furnace or other convenient place, and when the mixture is well
melted I remove it out of the crucible or other vessel, and allow it to cool.
After I have prepared the above mixture of lime and copper slags, scorice, or
cinders, I introduce such prepared-slags, scoriæ, or cinders into a cupola, blast
furnace, or other suitable place, and proceed to extract the iron they contain by
melting them in contact with coke or. coal, or a mixture of both, if it is in a
cupola or other like apparatus, or in contact with coal or coke and coal, lime-
stone and mine, if in an ordinary blast furnace or other suitable place.