CHECKING THE TAKINGS AT THE ENTRANCE GATES OF BUILDINGS, TRAM CARS &C.
Year: 1885

page_text: :
ROBERT COOKE SAYER 3 Summer Hill Villas, Maindee Newport, Monmouthshire
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for CHECKING THE
TAKINGS AT THE ENTRANCE GATES OF BUILDINGS, TRAM CARS &C. to be as
follows:-
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First: in the case of Public Buildings it is proposed to have the usual revolving
turnstiles immediately above and on one side of it a cash box is fixed: the
entrance to the box is to be just large enough to take the exact coin: a little
below a simple slip trap B is formed in the convex side of the upper part of the
swan necked tube, to catch sticks pushed in and coins that are too small: passing
round the tube the coin is turned to a horizontal from a vertical position and slips
into a balance scale C so adjusted as to let fall the full weighted coin but retain
anything too light, should it be the latter the entrance of the next coin works a
lever that sweeps it into the waste hopper: from C the coin is passed on to the
second balance scale E, when if too heavy it is allowed to fall into the waste
hopper the scale E has an eliptical aperture in it over which the coin is stopped
in a horizontal position and immediately above the coin and scale E a lever G is
placed having an eliptical aperture similar to E, the fulcrum of which is on the far
side from the gate, the outer end works up and down in the slots placed at right
angles in a horizontal wheel fixed centrally on the spindle of the gate and
immediately above it, this wheel has attached a ratchet to prevent the gate being
reversed in its motion: the lever G is regulated to work vertically and to a stop
and has a spring to draw it down after being raised. Upon a prolongation of the
spindle of the lever G a handle F is suspended (above the gate) and works an arm
of rams horn or volute form for a length and then vertically and equidistant from
the spindle, the end of which upon the handle being pushed over passes through
the eliptical apertures in balance E, and lever G: immediately above the afore
mentioned wheel fixed on the gate spindle a small cog wheel is fixed connecting
with a train of similar wheels and attached to an indicating dial face or faces for
giving the numbers that have passed through at a glance (this may be covered in
with glass).
Upon entering the visitor will drop in his coin and when it arrives all right ab
the balance E he has to draw back the handle F which will catch the coin between
the end of its arm and the lever G and raise the latter when the gate will be
released for one fourth of the circle and then caught again by the end of G being
drawn back by a spring into the slot of the wheel on the gate spindle: the first

page_text: movement of the gate throws back a lever and sweeps the coin into the cash
receptacle.
It is intended to have loose exit gates.
To obviate the delays of giving change it is proposed to fix on the outside of the
entrance similar cash boxes to the above except that the lever F has a simple
jointed arm at the end, at the extremity of which is fixed a concave recess to fit
the coin, which (upon F, being thrown over) works a vertical bar fulcrum'd at the
centre and having jointed at the ends small horizontal trays, the upper one to be
thrust in and cut off the main supply from the change, whilst the lower one is
drawn back, the trays pass through horizontal slots in a vertical tube containing
the coins for change the distance between them being regulated by the space
required for the coins and also two discs of say thin hard wood which in pairs
bevel'd at the edges divides the change from the main supply and facilitates the
entrance of the trays between them, the discs occupy the whole space consistent
with automatical working by gravity. Thus the working will be, to put in the
coin on top when it arrives at E put your hand to catch the change and push over
the handle F: or a bag may be suspended to catch it and then taken therefrom.
Second: First, for entering Tramway Cars, where there is room, similar turnstile
gates to the above, but of lighter construction are to be fixed: (a) where the room
is utilised for passengers, just within, the first step of the outer platform at each
side and each end of the car: (b) where inside and outside are differently priced, at
the entrance doors of the car proper in addition to the above: (c) at the former
only where thero is but one price: (d) at the latter only where the roof is not
utilised and it is prohibited for passengers to ride on the outside platforms.
Second For entering Tramway. Cars where there is not room for the above
single gates it is intended to use duplicate turnstiles of smaller diameter at each of
the places mentioned above, and also to allow a maximum space between the gates
but narrow enough to prevent the possibility of any paying freight passing,
without their being moved. The arrangements are to be similar to the above except
that each pair will be interlocked and work together.
Third For entering Tramway Cars where there is not room for duplicate turn-
stiles it is intended to use horizontal sliding gates or doors in duplicate (or two
leaves) in the positions mentioned in the first paragraph and running upon small
wheels above or below or both and they are each to be actuated by compressed air
working a piston in a cylinder the piston rod heads being attached to each of the
leaves at the sides: the cash box arrangement will be similar to the foregoing
except that the lever G has an L or right angle piece attached to its fulcrum the
end of which works a hook or latch H, this hook supports a weight and is
attached to a spring to keep it in place: upon the head of the weight the lever of
a multiple valve is attached: upon a passenger entering and his coin reaching the
scale E the handle F being thrust over the lever G draws back the hook H and
lets the weights drop at each of the cylinders, this admits the air to the cylinders
and draws in the pistons and the door leaves into their slots, and as the stroke is
completed the weight is raised and again caught by the hook H which reverses the
valve, the exhaust, and supply and closes the doors.
The centre of gravity of the levers of the scales after the coin has passed into
them is to be equidistant from the fulcrum.
To register the number entering: upon one of the piston heads is attached a
projecting spring that actuates an escapement which is worked by a weight
suspended from a drum and attached to a usual train of wheels and registers by
dials and hands as before mentioned Upon leaving the car the passenger is to drop
another coin into the cash box entrance provided on the inside (which finds its
way to that above described) and then work the inner handle fixed upon the same
spindle as the outer with precisely similar result: should it be desired to have a
double check a duplicate cash box may be fixed on the other side of the door, the
one being worked going in, the other going out with also a duplicate registering
arrangement.

page_text: The air for working the pistons is compressed in a reservoir by an excentric
attached to the axle of the car wheel or wheels and working an air compressing
pump, this may be fixed under the seat or car below: the pressure of the air may
be regulated to anything desired so that it shall not be practicable for the door to be
opened but by the proper means: the speed with which the leaves of the door are
opened and closed is regulated by the sizes of the supply and exhaust, and
regulated by simple screws attached: should it be found that one pump will not
give sufficient quantity and pressure a second is to be attached having a larger
plunger and its excentric rod in two halves capable of sliding one into the other
and kept apart by a strong spring so as to compress a larger quantity in a short
time but when the pressure becomes too great the spring yields and prevents its
action whilst the smaller plunger continues raising the pressure to the safety valve
maximum.
The whole is to be enclosed the handles alone being available to the public or
conductors, the latter are not to enter the cars except at stated times when it will
be necessary for him to use a coin as described for passengers.
The drum working the escapement of register is to be wound up once a day,
week or month as arranged for.
Fourth For enabling Railway Passengers to secure their own tickets: this is
obtained in a somewhat similar manner to the above described for obtaining
change. The usual vertical columns of tickets as at present used for the various
stations that may be booked to, fixed at a minimum distance apart, required
to get in the necessary mechanism, are intended to be arranged upon the walls
of the booking office of the Railway Station or any other place not being a
Railway Station (if desired) with a glass screen or stronger face to them, having
apertures at the bottom of the various columns from which the ticket is usually
taken below or above as most convenient is fixed a cash box for each column
similar to that above described except that when the fare charged cannot be
included under one coin, as many different kinds of coins as is absolutely necessary,
have their open slits to receive them separately, and each goes through the before
mentioned testing process and each arrives at the balance E (there being one for
each kind of coin) from its proper aperture and if there found too heavy it is
tipped off into the waste hopper but if all right, the insertion of the next coin
sweeps it into another balanced tray Z; after the last coin is inserted and arrived
at E the knob at the side of the top aperture is to be pressed down when the coin
(and this is arranged to be the heaviest coin) will also be swept into Z and the
weight of the whole will overbalance it: at the fulcrum of Z a right angle arm is
attached and another carrying the adjustable screw balance and at the end of the
first a longer arm than the tray is hinged to it and at its end another piece is
hinged that carries on top a rubber pad, this pad works horizontally forward as
the tray Z is tipped up and a light spring keeps the pad against the bottom ticket:
so that Z does not tip up until all the coins have arrived and consequently the
pad will not thrust out the ticket through the aperture in the front screen until
then: the pad retains its extended position by the pressure of the spring until the
next passenger inserts his first coin which thrusts down an arm and draws it back
thus there will be plenty of time for the passenger to secure it: the passenger must
insure himself that his coins are good for should he put in a bad one, it may be
arranged to brush all into the waste hopper and retain it or drop it on the floor as
required.
Should the above not be found a sufficient test of the quality of the coins it is
intended to test its alloy by means of an electro-magnet and regulated by a
resistance coil to stop it and then sweep it as above into waste hopper.

page_text: ROBERT COOKE SAYER 3 Summer Hill Villas, Maindee Newport Monmouthshire
Civil Engineer do hereby declare the nature, of my invention for CHECKING THE
TAKINGS AT THE ENTRANCE OF BUILDINGS, TRAM CARS &C. and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
First: in the case of public buildings it is intended to have the usual revolving
turnstiles A. (see. Drawing where Figs. Nos 1 and 2 show it in transverse and
longitudinal sections respectively, immediately above it a cash box B is fixed the
entrance B³ is to be just large enough to take the coin: a little below a simple slip
trap B is formed on the concave side of the swan-necked tube to catch sticks that
may be pushed in and coins that are too small (the tray B' directs them to the
waste hopper D): passing round the tube the coin is turned to a horizontal from
a vertical position and slips into a balance scale C, so adjusted as to let fall the full
weighted coin but retain anything too light, should it be the latter the entrance
of the next coin works the lever C that is attached to the longer lever C³ at right
angles and sweeps it into the waste hopper D: from C the coin is passed on to the
second balance scale E where if it be too heavy it is allowed to fall into the waste
hopper D: the scale E has an eliptical aperture in it over which the coin is stopped
in a horizontal position and immediately above the coin and scale E the end of
lever G is placed having an elliptical aperture similar to E and directly above it:
G has its fulcrum at G2: at the end of G the rod H is hinged and suspended and
has a return H' whose normal position is in the way of and prevents A from
revolving, the return at the bottom is formed flat and rests upon a spring that is
carried in the box I: A has a ratchet wheel K attached with a pawl K² to prevent
it moving other than in the right direction: in the same axis as the spindle
carrying the balance scale E a stronger arm L is fixed of a volute or rams horn
form and arranged to work in and out of and through the elliptical apertures in E
and G, it is worked by the lever L³ on the outside of the box whose weight keeps
it down in its normal position as shown the grooved wheel E' works with the
gate and at its first movement turns a smaller wheel E³ and gives motion to the
arm E Figs. 2 and 6 and drives the coin into the cash box O: at the top of A a cap M
is screwed into and revolves with it, it carries at the upper part a bevel'd pinion
that is connected with the train of wheels shown at Figs. 3 and 4 in sectional plan
and elevation respectively (the gearing of which is arranged so that the wheels
shall be all duplicates of one another as far as possible) for the purpose of actuating
the indicating dials shown at Figs. 5 and registering up to any number desired
(50,000 being shown): where the iron top Z can be made sufficiently rigid to take
the blow of the revolving stile the rod H is to be made to take against the top of
it and the first connection between it and the indicating dial is to be made by
a gut line instead of bevel'd wheels. Upon entering the visitor will drop in his
coin at B he then has to draw back the handle L³ which will cause L to pass
:

page_text: through the eliptical aperture E and press the coin between it and G and thus
raise G and lower H and release the gate for one fourth of its revolution the
spring J immediately forcing it back again: L³ is also drawn back by means of
a spring acting on L.
To obviate the delays of giving change it is intended to fix cash boxes on the
outside of the turnstiles similar to the above, shown at Figs. 7 and 8 in transverse
section and plan respectively (the upper part being the same as before shown is
not given) where E is the second scale one arm having a slot in it the full length,
the centre of gravity of its arms are equidistant from its fulcrum and it has
suspended from the ends by a link, strong pieces E and E³: below of the form
shown the slide F is carried, it has the handle F attached projecting on the outside.
and a spring F³ draws it back when pulled out: F carries the cross bars F', F5, F8
and F, the latter supports the uprights F7 that passes through the slot in E: F³ is
attached to H by a hinged link: Z and Z' are fixed cross bars: a vertical tube G
is fixed passing through the box, it carries the change which is divided by two
wooden discs G: H is a vertical lever having equal lengthed arms hinged and
carrying at their ends the links H³, their ends also being hinged and carrying the
horizontal trays that work into the slots formed at proper distances apart (to suit
the space required by the change) in G: a light spring E' is attached to E but
does not affect it until the coin falls into the scale, in very variable climates this
spring is to be a straight piece of steel passing under the scale at right angles so
that its construction and expansion may not affect the balance: thus when the coin
arrives at E its weight causes the outer arm to rise sufficiently for E³ to clear F*
when F may be drawn out should Es be not depressed sufficiently for F³ to come
in contact with it which is the case when the coin is too heavy, as F is drawn out
F advances and carries the coin with it and is tipped into D: F also advances
driving H between the discs G' dividing the change in G and also withdrawing H⭑
which allows a single set of change to fall into a proper bag: the spring Y
draws F back replacing the trays and allowing the change to fall upon H* as
before.
Second: 1st For entering Tramway Cars where there is room similar turnstiles
to the above are to be fixed at the necessary places to prevent ingress without
passing it.
2nd-For entering Tramway Cars where there is not room for the above it is
intended to use duplicate turnstiles of smaller diameter see Figs. 9 and 10 which
show them in elevation and plan respectively A. A are the stiles interlocked by
means of the spur wheels D and chain D³: C shows dotted parts of the body of the
car, C being the entrance platform, B is the cash box arranged as shown in
Figs. 7 and 8 where the equal armed balance scale eliminates any detrimental
effect of the jarring caused by the travelling car (should it then be necessary to
use it) E is the indicating dial one face of which may be divided into units, and F
the handle to pull out: thus the coin being pushed in at B3, the passenger passing
on draws out F and pushing on both gates revolve: upon passing out another coin
is pushed in at B³ (when by the action a small slide is passed over the outer
opening B³) and drawing out F as before the gates revolve in the contrary
direction, and upon completing its quarter revolution is fixed by the spring J
(Fig. 1) pushing up H as before which in this case is formed with double wings
as shown in section at Fig. 16: the indicating dial is worked as before except that
it is connected by a gut line as shown at E and the first of the train being a large
wheel and has a ratchet and pawl attached to prevent revolution in a wrong
direction the gut slipping in the groove at the reverse movement of A: the upper
half of the usual glass slide door is to be fixed, the lower part being closed by a
revolving shutter fixed below the floor of the car and drawn up when required.
3rd For entering Tramway Cars where there is not room for duplicate turnstiles
it is intended to use horizontal sliding doors (the same now in use) as single doors,
or doors in duplicate, being the above divided in two and acting in a similar way
to the single door. In the former case see Figs. 11. 12 and 13 where A shows the

page_text: door, C and C² being the body of the car as before: A has attached the friction
wheels B B that run upon the metal bar D, at the foot it slides loosely in the
guide E² secured to the floor: on the outside and above a small ram F' works in
the cylinder F and is attached at its head to the spindle of the wheel B, the
connecting pin passing through the boarding: at the end of the cylinder the pipe G
is attached and connects with the two way valve fixed inside the cash box, and is
continued down to the reservoir while a second pipe G2 communicates with the
atmosphere outside the car: a ratchet bar F is attached to the ram head and
works with it and actuates the primary wheel of the train working the indicating
dial E: J is a weight connected to the other friction wheel B: the rod of the
handle H³ at the cash box is to have a collar attached and passes through a small
cylinder arranged with a valve to draw in air freely but when the spring draws
in the handle the air regulates its movement having to pass through a hole provided
with an adjusting screw: a similar adjusting screw is fixed upon the mouth of the
exhaust pipe G2: the cylinder is worked by compressed air contained in a reservoir
under the seat of the car (or where most convenient) and is compressed (when the
car is not actuated by it) either at a convenient station by means of the power of
an adjoining water Co or where the power is sufficient actuating the car, by means
of a pump carried by the car and worked by means of one or more excentrics
attached to the axles of the car close up to the wheel where (see Fig. 17 which
shows the arrangement in section) Z is the excentric rod link, A is the pump rod
with shoulders A2 carrying spring B that keeps the second rod C (a tube working
outside A) apart, A at A³ passes through a stuffing screw gland and is a pipe itself
giving access to the atmosphere at A and carries a valve A. A is the second
valve admitting to the reservoir and fixed just at the end of the stroke of A:
C passes through a stuffing gland C2 and has the piston C³ attached with cup
leather working against A and face valve C which admits (or otherwise) air from
the other side of the cup leather, apertures at C being made for the purpose.
C is the valve leading into the reservoir, thus when the reservoir pressure is low,
as the excentrics work the rods A and C are driven in until the reservoir pressure
is raised to a pressure regulated by the strength of the spring at B, upon reaching
this pressure Ċ ceases to act but the smaller ram A continues.
Thus the air being on, the ram F2 is driven out and the door is closed: when
a passenger enters he pushes in his coin at H2 and draws out the handle H³, this
closes the valve to supply and opens exhaust and J coming into action draws the
door open when upon the spring Y Fig. 7 and 8 drawing in F2 reverses the valve
and closes the door at any speed required regulated both in opening and shutting
as explained.
Upon leaving another coin is to be pushed in at H' and the reverse action takes
place, similar arrangements being made for the dial as above.
4th For enabling Railway Passengers to secure their own tickets: this is obtained
in a manner similar to the above for obtaining change. The usual vertical columns
of tickets as at present used for. the various stations that may be booked to, fixed
at a minimum distance apart required to get in the necessary mechanism are
intended to be arranged upon the walls of the Booking Office of the Station or any
other place if desired: see Figs. Nos 14 and 15 where B is the cash box E the scale
with its appendages, cross bars &c as before. F8 is here vertical and is attached
to a rod X by a hinge with a pad of rubber X2 carried at the end, this is pressed
upwards by the spring W, adjusted by the thumb screw shown. G is the vertical
column of tickets all falling as the lowest is removed G³ is an aperture in the
side of the box slightly larger than the ticket and has a tray with sides just
below it.
As many as there are coins necessary to pay.for the ticket there are an equal
number of apertures B2 Fig. 1 and similar arrangements between it and E as shown
see Fig. 15. at E and F &c F is connected to F of first scale by the back. rod V
which travels with F when F2 is drawn out and however many coins are necessary
should one not arrive as described or should one be too heavy the handle F" could

page_text: not be drawn out but when drawn out X is also drawn forward and X' being
pressed up by W against the lowest ticket it is brought forward through G² and
drops into the tray while all the coins as before are pushed forward into D, and Y
draws in F the speed of which is to be regulated to allow the balances to become
steady (if necessary).
'
Should the above not be found a sufficient test of the quality of the coins it is
intended to test their alloy by means of an electro-magnet regulated by a resistance
coil to stop them and sweep them into the waste hopper.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1st The general construction and arrangement of the Cash Box and its attachment
and use in connection with the Turnstile as shown and described.
2nd The arrangement and uses of the indicating dial for registering the numbers
entering places of public resort.
3rd The arrangement and uses of the Cash Box for giving change.
4th The arrangement and use of Turnstiles at the entrances of Tram Cars to
prevent other than a paying freight travelling and the attachment and use of the
indicating dial for checking the number travelling.
5th The arrangement and use of automatic travelling doors or door for the
purposes mentioned in the 4th clause and worked by compressed air.
6th The arrangement for compressing the air for the purpose described in the
5th clause by the revolution of the wheels of the Car as it travels.
7th The arrangement of the Cash Box and ticket provider by which passengers
in Railways or visitors to public entertainments may help themselves to their
tickets after paying the right and good cash.
The whole of the above having been shown and described.