matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CHANNELLING THE SOLES OF BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Cutlan at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 29th June 1877.
JOHN CUTLAN, of Cardiff, in the County of Glamorgan, Joinery Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CHANNELLING THE SOLES OF BOOTS AND
SHOES."
The object of this Invention is to produce a machine suitable for the so-called
channelling of soles for boots and shoes, that is, forming a recess for the thread to.
lie in, and bevelling the edge of the sole parallel therewith.
The frame of the machine has an upper revolving and a lower revolving spindle,
actuated by suitable gearing; the upper spindle is in a frame pivotted at one end of
the main frame, and adjustable thereto by a regulating screw or nut; there is a
spring appliance for determining minutely the required depth of the recess in the
sole.
The upper spindle carries at the other or outer end a wheel with serrated
face, which serves to guide the sole while passing under it through the machine.
To a pivotted frame is joined or connected a lever or lever frame carrying a knife
which, as the sole passes through the machine, cuts the recess therein at one side ;.
another knife acts similarly at the other side, and is adjustably fixed in the pivotted
frame.
The position of this knife is regulated by screw and spring appliance; another.
knife or cutter is fixed in an adjustable bracket connected to the framing of
the machine and serving to cut the bevel along the edge.
The sole rests on a revolving table which serves as a feeder, and is supported by
adjustable spring appliance. This table is preferably made with bevelled face, and
placed in a oblique direction. It is mounted on a spindle having its bearings in a
frame pivotted to the main frame, and so connected to a treadle that it can be
raised more or less (but of course in a very minute degree according to different
thicknesses of the sole) to hold the sole up to its work.

page_text: The revolving table is actuated by bevel or other gearing from the lower spindle
of the machine; a slot is formed in the driving pinion in order to allow it to move
on its spindle for widening the recess during the operation, if so required, moving
therewith the revolving table and its frame, together with an adjustable lateral
guide for the sole.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BUFFER BOXES."
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Hadfield, of Sheffield, in the County of York, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BUFFER BOXES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Hadfield at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th March 1877.
18
ROBERT HADFIELD, of Sheffield, in the County of York. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF BUFFER BOXES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of buffer
boxes for railway carriages, trucks, waggons, and other similar vehicles and purposes.
Such buffer boxes have hitherto been made cither of cast, malleable, or wrought
iron, and when so made are found to be extremely liable to breakage and other
injury. Now in order to obviate these disadvantages I cast such buffer boxes in
steel of any suitable quality, and thereby obtain a buffer box not only considerably
stronger but much lighter than any hitherto in use. For this purpose I take
molten steel of any suitable quality and temper, and pour the same into composition
or other suitable inoulds for producing steel castings; which moulds may be of any
suitable shape and configuration, so as to produce any form of buffer box which may
be required. I then anneal the same, and thus obtain a much lighter, stronger, and
superior buffer box to any hitherto in use.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Robert Hadfield in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 14th
September 1877.
ROBERT HADFIELD, of Sheffield, in the County of York.
THE MANUFACTURE OF BUFFER BOXES,"
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of buffer
boxes for railway carriages, trucks, wagons, and other similar vehicles and purposes.
Such buffer boxes have hitherto been made either, of cast, malleable, or wrought
[Price 2dl

page_text: iron, and when so made are found to be extremely liable to breakage and other
injury. Now in order to obviate these disadvantages I cast such buffer boxes in
steel of any suitable quality, and thereby obtain a buffer box not only considerably
stronger but much lighter than any hitherto in use. For this purpose I take
molten steel of any suitable quality and temper, and pour the same into com-
position or other suitable moulds for producing steel castings, which moulds may
be of any suitable shape and configuration, so as to produce any form of buffer box
which may be required. I then anneal the same, and thus obtain a much lighter,
stronger, and superior buffer box to any hitherto in use.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner of carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood that I
claim, the manufacture of steel buffer boxes of any suitable and convenient form,
substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Hadfield, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLIANCES FOR BUILDING IN CONCRETE
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Henry Simmonds at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th August 1877.
CHARLES HENRY SIMMONDS, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Concrete Builder.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLIANCES FOR BUILDING IN CONCRETE."
My Invention relates to a simple and efficient method of constructing the
framework used in the erection of concrete buildings, such framework being
arranged so that it can be easily made at the place where it is required, and of such
timber and other materials as can be afterwards used up in the construction of the
buildings, thus reducing the original cost of the apparatus, and making it a very
economical arrangement for the builder.
In carrying out my Invention in the building of concrete cottages, for example, I
erect at each corner, and if necessary from the length of the walls, also at some
intermediate distance, uprights or standards, which, by preference, are composed of
four upright pieces of timber or "scantlings" of a height corresponding to the
intended height of the walls or thereabouts, and placed at a distance apart corre-
sponding, or nearly so, to the thickness of the walls. The standards are retained in
their upright position, and also parallel with each other by suitable stays of light
scantling."
"
In connection with the standards, and extending from one to the other, I use what
are termed "panels," constructed, by preference, of boards grooved and tongued,
which may afterwards be used as floor boards, or for other purposes connected with
the buildings. These panels are secured to the standards by means of ordinary
bolts fitting into corresponding holes, which may be formed at regular intervals in
the timbers of the uprights.
When a panel is secured to the standards, and a similar one on the opposite side,
the space between the two panels represents the thickness of the wall, and is then
filled with concrete. When this is quite "set" and firm the panels are unbolted
and raised up to the height of the next course, bolted to the standards, and the
process repeated till the desired height is reached.
By the use of my Invention and appliances a true and upright building is the
result, which is not the case when the usual arrangement is adopted, .

page_text: The standards do not require moving during the process of building, a usual
source of trouble and bad work, in addition to which other advantages are obtained
by the use of my improved appliances.
The principal advantages are,
1st. Small first cost in material and workmanship of the appliances.
2nd. They can be constructed by the builder at the place where they are to be
used.
3rd. Simplicity of construction and facility in altering the different parts as the
building progresses.
4th. The work is square, upright, and of clean finish.
5th. The materials used in constructing my appliances can, if desirable, be worked
up in the buildings.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF "BROW BLOCKS" USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Phillips Brown at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th July 1877.
Charles PhillipS BROWN, of Stockport, in the County of Chester. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF "BROW BLOCKS" USED IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF HATS."
The object of this Invention is so to construct a "brow block" that it can be
expanded or contracted at pleasure to fit any size of hat, and so that the hat can
be readily placed on the "brow block" and removed therefrom without damage to
the leather or other lining thereof.
The improved "brow block" consists principally of a fixed oval or elliptical plate
(rather smaller than the block is required to be when contracted to its fullest
extent) and four segmental movable plates capable of sliding thereon. The adjacent
edges of these plates form radial lines, extending from the central front of the fixed
oval plate, and their outer edges are curved to the oval of the block. They are
attached to the fixed plate by four screws, each of which passes through a radial
slot in one segment, and it will be evident that if they are all moved outwards
simultaneously, their outer edges will form tangents to an oval or ellipse of larger
dimensions. At or near to the inner point of each segment is mounted a
small grooved wheel, and between these wheels works a central wedge of
a pyramidal form, which when forced forwards will necessarily force the four
segmental plates outwards.
The outer edge of each segment is provided with a curved strip of sheet brass
fixed at the middle, and free at the ends, where they overlap each other; and, finally,
round these strips is passed an endless band of india-rubber, sufficiently strong
to force all the segmental plates inwards when the wedge is withdrawn from the
contre.
It will now be seen that as the central wedge is forced forwards the block will
be expanded; and as it is withdrawn it will be in like manner contracted. The
block can therefore be introduced into the hat, and then expanded to fit the same
tightly, and afterwards contracted and withdrawn from the same without in any
way injuring the leather or other lining of the hat. This brow block may also be
employed for stretching hats if required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WOOL COMBING MACHINES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Wright at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th August 1877.
WILLIAM HENRY WRIGHT, of Bradford, in the County of York, Mechanic.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WOOL COMBING MACHINES."
This Invention relates for the most part to that class of combing machines called
the "Noble," and consists in an improved traverse motion, which is revolving and
self-acting. Hitherto self-acting traverse motions have been applied, but the gearing
of such motions occupy much space, and are placed at the bottom of the spindles or
shafts, and open to the reception of the dirt, dust, noils, and in some instances the
broken sliver becomes entangled in the gearing, causing the same to clog, and in
some cases stops the traverse motion of the machine.
The novelty of my Invention consists in so arranging the gearing of the traverse
motion as to enclose the same in the cylinder upon which the drum traverses, and in
such a manner that the gearing is protected from being clogged by the dirt, dust,
noils, or sliver.
I accomplish the above object in the following manner :-I mount on a spindle or
shaft, which is secured to the framework of the combing machine, a hollow revolving
cylinder, having a long boss at one end, which I called the bottom end. On to the
end of this spindle or shaft, at the bottom and inside the hollow revolving cylinder,
I secure a bevel wheel, which is stationary, and gears into a bevel wheel secured to
another shaft, and mounted in the journals of a small fixing that is secured to the
side of the said cylinder. On this last-named shaft, and between the journals, I fix
a worm which gears into a worm wheel mounted on a stud secured to the before-
named small fixing. In the face of this worm wheel I bore a number of holes at
varying distances from the centre. In any one of these holes, according to the..
length of the traverse required, I screw a pin which passes through a slot hole
formed in a cross bar that is placed transversely to the axis of the cylinder. The
ends of this cross bar pass through slot holes formed in each side of the cylinder.
On the outside diameter of this cylinder I place a sliding drum, which is secured to
the ends of the cross bar; the drawing-off leather passes round this drum, and
CD011
1

page_text: causes the drum and cylinder to revolve on the said spindle or shaft, by which
means the bevel wheel that is geared into the wheel at the end of the spindle revolves,
and thus actuates the worm and worm wheel, and the before-named pin revolving
with the worm wheel actuates the cross bar and drum, and gives the same a
traversing motion up and down the said cylinder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BICYCLES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Groom at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th April 1877.
CHARLES GROOM, of No. 2, Liquorpond Street, Grays Inn Road, in the County
of Middlesex, Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BICYCLES."
This Invention consists of improvements in the construction of bicycles, and has
reference to the wheels and bearings of bicycles, whereby jarring is obviated or con-
siderably lessened.
That part of the bicycle known as the fork is made to terminate in two rods or
pins extending downwards on each side of the axle. To these pins buffers of india-
rubber or other suitable elastic material are applied; and when the machine
encounters any irregularity in the road, the shock having an upward tendency is
arrested by the buffers.
The wheels and bearings are similar to those in ordinary use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OIL LAMPS
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Battye, of Bramley, near Leeds, William
Atkinson, of Leeds, and James Atkinson, of Leeds, all in the County of York,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN OIL LAMPS."
Sealed the 12th April 1878, and dated the 19th October 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Battye, William
Atkinson, and James Atkinson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents
on the 19th October 1877.
ALEXANDER BATTYE, of Bramley, near Leeds, WILLIAM ATKINSON, of Leeds, and
JAMES ATKINSON, of Leeds, all in the County of York.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OIL
LAMPS."
Our Invention has reference particularly to what is commonly known as the
"torch or open lamp."
In the lamps of ordinary construction there are two compartments, these being
commonly known in the trade as "the upper and lower deck;" the upper deck or
compartment is used for supplying oil to the wick, and the lower deck or compart-
ment is provided for the waste oil or droppings that ooze out or escape from the
mouth of the tube containing the wick.
In our Invention we dispense entirely with the second compartment, and instead
of providing an ordinary lid for the top of the lamp we seal it up with an air-tight
cover. Near the bottom of the lamp is provided the ordinary tube or spout for the
wick. By the top of the lamp being hermetically sealed it acts in the same manner.
as a "bird fountain;" that is to say, there being no atmospheric pressure from
within, the oil cannot run out of the tube or spout on account of the atmospheric
pressure at the mouth thereof; but, on a wick being inserted, a sufficient quantity
of the oil is drawn up thereby for burning or illuminating purposes. At the mouth
of the spout or tube is provided a saucer to catch any overflow of oil, which
passes again into the spout or tube without any waste or interference of an
attendant.

page_text: Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and shewn by Drawings
how the same may be carried into practice, we would have it understood that we
do not limit ourselves to the exact details or configuration of the parts we have
explained and shewn, as the same may of course be varied or modified without
departing from the nature or principle of our Invention; but what we claim and
desire to be secured to us by Letters Patent is, the arrangement, construction, and
combination of the various parts forming our improvements in oil lamps, substan-
tially as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Atkinson, for myself and on behalf
of the said Alexander Battye and James Atkinson, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
WILLIAM ATKINSON. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Moysey at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th March 1877.
JOHN MOYSEY, of the Central India-rubber Company, 19, London Street, in the
City of London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS."
The object of this Invention is to construct a simple and efficient hand pump to
deliver a continuous stream of water, applicable especially as a garden pump or
syringe, or as a house fire engine for immediate use in case of fire. For this
purpose the barrel of the pump is provided at its lower end with an inlet valve and
suction pipe; at the opposite end of the barrel is a stuffing box through which passes
a hollow cylindrical plunger. The outer end of the plunger is closed, whilst at the
inner end of the plunger there is a valve opening inwards. Through the top of the
plunger passes a pipe which descends nearly to the bottom of the plunger; it is
open at its lower end, whilst at its upper end it has a branch delivery pipe passing
from it, to which may be connected a short length of flexible pipe terminating in a
rose, or jet, or spreader. To the top of the pipe is also connected a handle by which
the plunger can be worked to and fro. When the plunger is raised, water is drawn
into the barrel through the suction valve. When the plunger is forced down the
water in the barrel enters the plunger through the valve at its bottom and com-
presses the air in the upper part of the plunger, whilst some of the water is also
expelled through the delivery pipe. When the plunger is again raised the valve at
its bottom closes, and the water still contained in the plunger continues to be forced
out through the outlet pipe by reason of the pressure upon it of the compressed air
contained in the upper part of the plunger.
•
The lower end of the barrel may have a stirrup attached to it for the person
using the pump to insert his foot into, whilst he works the plunger up and down
with one hand by a handle and at the same time holds the delivery jet with
bis other hand; or a lever may be used for working the plunger to and fro, whilst
the barrel may be carried by a barrel or tank containing the water supply or
otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HARNESS FOR WEAVING FIGURED LENOS AND LACE
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jonas Priestley and Samson Bastow
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st September 1877.
JONAS PRIESTLEY and SAMSON BASTOW, of Wibsey, near Bradford, in the County
of York, Loom Harness Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HARNESS FOR WEAVING
FIGURED LENOS AND LACE."
The object of our Invention is to dispense with the back rods in looms used as
easers, and the healds in front of the harness, and to so arrange the harness that any
number of ends can be eased or duped to form the figure required in the piece.
We accomplish our object in the following manner-To an ordinary jacquard
machine we attach the harness in the usual manner, and arrange the same with, say,
six rows of mails, regulated according to the figure of the piece to be woven; four of
these rows of mails are of the ordinary kind, having three holes, the other two rows
of mails have four holes; two small holes, one at each end, are for attaching the
harness band and linger, the other two holes are oblong and are for forming the dupe
in the harness; one of the harness bands is threaded through these oblong holes and
thus forms a loop, through which the warp is passed; the bottom of this looped
band is lingered in the ordinary manner; to the last-named linger we attach an
easer band that is connected to the jacquard engine upright wires, which we call
the easer wires; to each of the dupe wires, also in the jacquard, we attach a cord to
one end of a lever, centred on a rod fixed at the bottom of the loom under the
lingers; the other end of each of these levers is attached to the back harness, which
is secured to a series of springs formed of wire, india-rubber, or other flexible
material. When one or more of the dupe wires are lifted by the card cylinder one
end of each of the corresponding levers is lifted at the same time, and the other ends
of the levers which are attached to the back harness are lowered or depressed, and
pulls down the required harness band, and the warp end passing through the mail
in the back harness is slackened and forms the dupe required in the figure. When
the dupe wires are lowered the before-named springs draws the harness and warp
ends back into their original position.
AN IMPROVED MORTISE LOCK
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Woodward at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th June 1877.
JAMES WOODWARD, of No. 70, North Street, Wolverhampton, in the County of
Stafford, Lock Manufacturer. "AN IMPROVED MORTISE LOCK."
The object of my Invention is, to construct such locks in a more simple way, to
reject pieces or parts now used in their construction, and to throw the latch bolt
forward with more free and easy action, thus giving greater durability in their
use, and producing economy in time and materials in the manufacture of mortise
locks.
It has been the practise in making mortise locks to fix the stud or stump upon
which the spring rests upon the lock plate; but this way of making them I reject,
and I fix or form the stud or stump upon the spring bolt, sliding bar, or catch.
Upon this stump I place the steel armed spring, so that the short end presses
against a bearing formed upon the spring bolt or catch; and the long or tail end
pressos against the inside of the end of the lock plate, affording free and perfect
action to the latch bolt, which, by my Invention, is not liable to disarrangement.
I also stamp the lock plate for these locks in one piece out of sheet iron, then I
the two sides and one end at right angles with the plate, the other end,
which is connected with the front plate, I cause to project on cach side sufficiently
long that their ends may be turned back in a position at right angles with the sides
of the lock plate. Upon the countersunk or inside of the front plate I cast two
studs to serve as rivets, and upon these studs I rivet the bent projecting ends of
the lock plate; thus, I fix the lock plate firmly upon the front plate, which receives
the latch bolt and guides it in its motion in use.
turn
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In order that this reversal of the location of the stump or stud from the lock
plate to the end of the latch bolt, and the improved make and shape of the lock
plate with its projecting ends fastened in the hollow of the front plate may be
clearly understood, I annex Drawings with letters of reference thereto, shewing the
alterations according to my Invention.
Fig. 1, plan of the brass plate attached to the mortise lock, as hitherto made.
Fig. 2, plan of the iron front plate, shewing the position of the rivets at a, a, at
which part it is rivetted to the lock plate, as heretofore made.

page_text: .
Fig. 3, plan of mortise lock, shewing the stump or stud 6 upon the lock plate;
upon this stump is placed the spring c as hitherto made in these locks.
Fig. 4, plan of the front plate, shewing the position of the projecting ends d, d,
when rivetted to the front plate in accordance with my Invention.
Fig. 5, plan of the improved mortise lock, shewing the stud or stump e upon the 5
latch bolt, and upon the stump the spring.g in position connected with the end of
the latch bolt f.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLE STOPPERS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Mansley and John Marshall
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st November 1877.
JAMES MANSLEY and JOHN MARSHALL, of Halifax, in the County of York.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLE STOPPERS."
Our improvements consist in attaching to the stopper two metallic bands or
straps, the ends of which are attached to a bent lever which is hinged to a band
or collar fixed round the bottle neck. By pressing the lever close to the bottle neck
the metallic bands are drawn directly downwards and exert considerable pressure
upon the stopper, the double lever being so arranged that the bands shall pass the
points of the fulcrum, so that there is no tendancy of the lever to get displaced or
loosened.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MILLBOARD AND PASTEBOARD, AND IN MACHINERY THEREFOR."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Peter at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th February 1877.
GEORGE PETER, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian, Paper Maker.
'IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MILLBOARD AND PASTEBOARD, AND IN
MACHINERY THEREFOR."
The object of the Invention is to produce millboard and pasteboard of uniform
quality at reduced cost.
Heretofore these articles have been made in separate sheets; the cost of such
separate production has been high, and the quality of the product irregular. Now
this Invention consists in making these articles in continuous webs, the texture
being uniform, and the surfaces of any desired character.
For the production of millboard I pass a continuous supply of pulp, or partly pulp
and partly half stuff, to an endless wire mesh band, and after subjecting the layer
to the action of a vacuum to remove moisture it is passed between pressure
rollers; afterwards it is forwarded through the machinery hereafter described.
For the production of pasteboard I feed a continuous supply of pulp or half stuff
or part both to and between endless mesh bands, thence through vacuum boxes and
between pressure rollers, and subsequently bring a web of paper or two webs.
(according as it is desired to veneer on one or both sides) properly pasted
into contact with the millboard or core, and subject the whole to pressure and
finishing.
Another method of producing pasteboard is to lead webs of paper through
pasting apparatus, thence between pressure rollers to convert the whole into one web
of uniform quality.
The machinery or mechanism referred to consists of an endless travelling mesh
band, adjustable so as to control the feed, and of another band (either mesh or felt)
made to travel parallel to it. These bands pass the layer of pulp, which pulp has
been subjected to the action of a vacuum in chambers between rollers which give
the required pressure, and hence there is formed a web of compressed pulp or miil-
board. A series of drying, glazing (if glazing be desired), callendering, and finishing
rolls, properly spaced and driven, receive the web from the mesh bands or pressure
rollers.

page_text: Apparatus for cutting the web into sheets or lengths may be used to work in
combination or in a conjoined operation with the machinery described, and the
glazing may be effected on one or both sides whether the product be millboard or
pasteboard.
The essential feature of the Invention however is producing millboard and paste- 5
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE KNOBS AND ROSES FOR LOCK & OTHER FURNITURE
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Collier, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE KNOBS
AND ROSES FOR LOCK & OTHER FURNITURE."
Sealed the 22nd February 1878, and dated the 30th August 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Collier at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th August 1877.
EDWARD COLLIER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE KNOBS AND ROSES FOR LOCK & OTHER FURNITURE."
This Invention consists in forming wood knobs and roses of lock and other
furniture in the ordinary way, and afterwards covering them with thin sheets of
brass, silver, or other suitable metal in such a way as to give them the appearance
of solid metal furniture. By this means much commoner, softer, and more easily
worked woods may be used than in the manufacture of the ordinary wooden
furniture, and a much stronger article is made than the ordinary stamped metal
furniture, and a much more secure hold is insured for the screws used for fixing the
knobs and roses.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Edward Collier in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 27th February
1878.
EDWARD COLLIER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE KNOBS AND ROSES OF LOCK AND OTHER FURNITURE."
This Invention consists in forming the knobs and roses employed with locks, and
generally termed lock furniture, and also all similar descriptions of knobs and roses
used without locks, such as shutter and drawer knobs, cupboard turns, or knobs for
sash fastenings and door handles, by shaping such articles in wood, which may be of
a much cheaper and softer nature than the woods at present employed for such
purpose, and afterwards covering the wood knob or rose with sheet metal of any
suitable description by the operation of spinning in a lathe or any other process
which will produce the same effect. Thus I manufacture a strong article which has
all the substance as well as the appearance of solid metal, and which cannot be
battered in or bruised as the thin shells of metal at present employed are liable to
be; and it affords also a far better hold for the screws or pins by which it is secured
or attached to the lock or spindle, or door or drawer, as the case may be.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, I claim the improvements in the manufacture of the
knobs and roses of lock and other similar furniture, as herein more fully set forth
and specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Collier, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of February, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
NAT T Tah
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF SIGNALLING THE PASSING TRAINS AND APPARATUS THEREFOR."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charlotte Chater at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th January 1877.
CHARLOTTE CHATER, of 9, Marine Parade, Folkestone * AN IMPROVED METHOD
OF SIGNALLING THE PASSING TRAINS AND APPARATUS THEREFOR."
In lieu of the three single lights as at present the three words danger, safety, and
caution to be used, arranged on either side of a large board, spelt in letters a foot
long, picked out with gas jets (or otherwise lighted in the usual way), two tubes
being carried from the signalman's box to each word, and which may, or may not,
be enclosed in glasses of the same colour as at present used, the object of this being
to obviate the difficulty occasioned by colour blindness of which we now hear so
much.
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WINDING-UP WIRE AND OTHER ROPE."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Coppin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th July 1877.
WILLIAM COPPIN, of 32, Camberwell New Road, in the County of Surrey.
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WINDING-UP WIRE AND OTHER ROPE."
"
IM-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for winding-up wire
and other rope.
For this purpose I employ grooved wheels, around each of which the rope is led.
The wheels are geared together so as all to revolve at a uniform speed. By preference
I employ three grooved wheels; I arrange them in a triangular fashion with the
grooved portions of the circumferences of the wheels nearly meeting one another.
The rope may be pressed by a friction roller or rollers against the last of the
grooved wheels, and it might be also against the other wheels. Also in place of
three wheels only being used other number of wheels may be similarly arranged.
The arrangement of apparatus above described is applicable as a ship's windlass,
and in all cases where wire or other rope has to be drawn in whilst heavy strains
are upon it.
Each wheel at one of its ends has a ring of teeth around it. One of these toothed
wheels is driven by a pinion, and this wheel gears with, and gives motion to, the
other two wheels, and as the wheels are of equal diameter they all revolve at the
same surface speed, and act uniformly upon the rope. The rope after being led
around the groove of one wheel is led around the wheel gearing with it, and then
round the third wheel, from which it passes, by preference, to a revolving drum, on
to which it is wound. The drum has a traversing to-and-fro endway motion given
to it, so that the wire rope always passes away in the same line from the last
grooved wheel. Or the rope may be laid into a coil instead of being wound on to
a drum.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TELESCOPES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th November 1877. A com-
munication from abroad by Charles Fritsch and Joseph Forster, both of Vienna,
in the Empire of Austria.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TELESCOPES." [A com-
munication from abroad by Charles Fritsch and Joseph Forster, both of Vienna, in
the Empire of Austria.]
This Invention has for its object the construction of telescopes, in such a manner,
that without losing power they may be made smaller, lighter, cheaper, and more
portable than hitherto.
With reference to the accompanying Drawing, showing a section of a telescope
constructed according to this Invention, a plate A containing three set screws, is
connected with a bracket B, arranged on a short tube C. On the other end of the
tube, a bar D is fixed, ending in a plate E, also containing three set screws; G is a
case holding the large concave mirror G¹; F is a case holding the small mirror F¹.
The position of these mirrors may be regulated by the aforesaid set screws.
one end of the tube C is a telescopic tube H, holding an eye-piece H¹. The said
mirrors are preferably made of polished glass, provided by any of the ordinary well-
known means, with a thin silver coating on the back. The sufaces of the mirrors
may be spherical or parabolical. The small mirror may be a concave, convex, or
plane mirror.
At
If O is a distant object, then the reflecting surface of the large concave mirror
is opposite to this object, while the reflecting surface of the small mirror is directed
towards the large mirror. The optical proceeding is as follows:-If O is a distant
object, G¹ the large mirror, F' the small mirror, H' an eye-piece, then the ray falling
from the object on to the centre 8 of the large mirror will be reflected at an angle
a on to the centre a of the small mirror. The small mirror reflects the ray at an
angle b to the side of the large mirror, so that near the large mirror an aerial image
M of the object will be formed, which can be viewed by means of the eye-piece H¹.
The ray O, 8, falling on to the centre of the large mirror, forms a determined

page_text: angle a with the reflected ray 8, x.
The image reflected from the large mirror on to
the small mirror is not formed in the normal line x, R, of that point of the small
mirror which is struck by the said reflected ray x, 8, and consequently the ray x, M,
reflected from the large mirror on the small mirror forms a determined angle with
the ray x, 8, reflected from the small mirror; N, s, is the normal line of the large
mirror G'.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE AGGLOMERATION OF PULVERULENT IRON ORE
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Griffith Brewer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd March 1877. (A communication
from abroad by Mariè Anne Charles de Bussy, of Paris, France.)
EDWARD GRIFFITH BREWER, of Chancery Lane, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
AGGLOMERATION OF PULVERULENT IRON ORE." (A communication from abroad by
Mariè Anne Charles de Bussy, of Paris, France.)
This Invention relates to the agglomerating of pulverulent iron ores, so as to
make them fit for the blast furnace. It applies either to natural ores or to burnt
iron pyrites, and particularly to the residuum from the chlorinating process
commonly called " "purple ore or "bluc billy."
31
It is well known to all those interested in that question that trials have been
made repeatedly to accomplish this object by mixing the ore with lime or cement
and moulding it in the shape of bricks. These, once dry, were indeed consistent
enough, but when introduced into the blast furnace they soon parted with the
combined water, all cohesion was destroyed, and the ore fell to dust again.
According to this Invention lime compounds are also used for the agglomeration,
but the process differs from all those proposed hitherto in that essential particular
that the oro bricks are burnt at a red hent before being put into the blast furnace.
The binding material must be such as to fulfil two conditions, viz., to give products,
which after drying shall be sufficiently consistent to bear handling and to melt or
at least become softened by heat.
Lime, since it forms a fusible compound with per-oxide of iron, can be used
alone, and it offers this advantage that it does not increase the quantity of slag, as
the lime combined with the ore supersedes an equivalent proportion of limestone in
the furnace.
Equally applicable is a mixture of lime and clay or hydraulic cement, if rich
enough in silica to give a fusible compound by itself. For the mixture of lime and
clay, magnesium limes and the most silicious clays are to be preferred. Quartz sand
may also be added, provided it be fine enough to mix intimately with the other
ingredients.
Coal dust or other carbonaceous matter may be incorporated with the ore to
cause a partial reduction of the per-oxide of iron.

page_text: Any ore substance to be associated with the iron ore in the blast furnace, such as
manganese oxides, titaniferous sand, and the like, may of course be introduced into
the mixture.
Whatever be the binding material, the mixture, brought to the proper degree of
moisture, is moulded, usually in the shape of bricks, either by hand or by means of 5
machines. These, after drying, are burnt in kilns like common bricks.
In order to avoid corrosion by the iron oxide the internal walls of the kilns may
be built of bricks of the same description as those to be burnt, and likewise
composed almost entirely of per-oxide of iron.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Schofield, of Oldham, in the County of Lan-
caster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Schofield at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th January 1877.
WILLIAM SCHOFIELD, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster.
IN CARDING ENGINES."
"
IMPROVEMENTS
This Invention relates to an arrangement of apparatus for the purpose of
stopping the carding engine, whenever the strap which drives the "taker in "
roller, breaks or becomes misplaced.
I mount a weighted lever upon a pivot or stud on the frame of the carding
engine in such a position that a small roller at its upper end constantly bears
against the lower side of the "taker in" strap whenever the latter is in its acting
position upon the driving pulley.
The roller is kept against the strap by the action of the weight at the other end;
but if the strap should break or get out of place the weighted end of the lever falls,
and coming into contact with a finger or projection upon a sliding rod, draws the
latter along with it; the other end of this sliding rod is connected to the catch
which holds the driving pinion in gear with the spur wheel which drives the
doffing cylinder.
When the weighted lever falls it withdraws this catch and allows the pinion to
fall out of gear with the wheel and thus stops the machine. The action of the
roller against the "taker in" strap also tends to keep the latter at a. proper
tension.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR LOCKING THE ADJUSTABLE HANDLES OF BICYCLES OR VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Moritz Beral Bertram at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th June 1877.
FREDERICK MORITZ BERAL BERTRAM, of 20, Little Britain, in the City of London.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR LOCKING THE ADJUSTABLE HANDLES
OF BICYCLES OR VELOCIPEDES."
This Invention relates to the adjustable curved or bent steering handles of bicycles
or velocipedes, for securing the requisite alteration in the height of such handles to
suit the conditions of the road or requirements of the rider, the object being to
provide means or apparatus for readily locking such handles in position after or upon
adjustment. Such adjustable handles are at present made free to turn in a clamp
bearing or boxing, and with an enlargement or collar of a piece with the handle bar,
and a tightening or holding screw working through a tapped boss formed on the
handle boxing. Now as the alteration in the height of the handle is required to be
made from time to time whilst travelling, it is obvious that the usefulness arising
from the adjustability of the handle is greatly impaired by the want of facility, by
which the locking (viz., by means of turning a screw) is effected.
According to my Invention, I make the shoulder or collar piece of the handle bar
with a series of transverse slots, preferably V or dovetail in shape, so as to form teeth
or stops; and in or upon the boxing or bearing, I form another Vor dovetail
shaped recess or guide, in which is fitted a sliding bolt, further secured by a stud
which passes through a slot in the shank of the said sliding bolt.
When it is required to alter the position of the handle, that is, to raise or lower
the height thereof, the bolt by a momentary action of the thumb or hand of
the rider will be "drawn" and the handle can be turned, adjusted, and be immediately
locked by "shooting" the bolt.
Although I describe the bolt as working in a V guide, and upon a stud passing
through a slot in said bolt, it will be obvious that the stud may be dispensed with;
or the sliding bolt be fitted and work in a plain guide, on or in the bearing, with
or without the stud, so that the bolt end shall engage with teeth or recesses on the

page_text: handle bar Again, a hinged or pivoted finger piece, provided or not with a spring,
may be employed as a pawl or detent to engage with the teeth or recesses on the
handle bar, for securing or locking said handle in position after or upon adjustment,
such modifications being mere mechanical equivalents for the device which I
have described as preferring to employ.
LMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING & COMBING FIBROUS MATERIAL
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Cunliffe Lister, Manufacturer, of Bradford, in the
County of York, for the Invention of "LMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
PREPARING & COMBING FIBROUS MATERIAL."
Sealed the 1st September 1877, and dated the 16th March 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Cunliffe Lister at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th March 1877.
SAMUEL CUNLIFFE LISTER, Manufacturer, of Bradford, in the County of York.
" IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING & COMBING FIBROUS MATERIAL.”
Waste silk at the present time is usually prepared on drums and then gilled.
I have discovered that by heating the gill combs the silk is less broken, and that
heat is especially useful in preserving the silk fibres when prepared on gills with-
out being drummed.
Card straps when used for combing and cleaning fibrous material, especially silk,
require to be kept clean and free from dross. It has been found very difficult to do
this without injuring the longer fibres. One plan by which I accomplish it is as
follows: The dross and longer fibres are raised by a fancy and delivered to a doffer
working close to the cleaning card, which takes the dross and fibre from it in a
similar manner to a carding engine doffer.
Another plan is as follows:-A fancy running slightly faster than the surfaco
speed of the cleaning strap raises the fibre to the surface of the card, then another
card placed in close contact, running in the same direction but quicker, takes the
dross and fibre from the back of the teeth, and in that manner keeps the cleaning
card quite clear from dross and fibre.
Another plan of removing the fibre and noil from the cleaning card is by means
of a fancy and brush, and it is then taken from the brush by another card which is
made to run at a rather faster surface speed, either in the same direction, or it may
Umina 31

page_text: be in the contrary. The fibres and noil are allowed to accumulate on the cleaning
strap, and are removed from time to time by the workmen, but to prevent the
machine from standing whilst this is being done, I have two straps so arranged that
whilst one is standing to be cleared the other is running.
Another improvement consists in substituting rollers to draw the fibres and noil a
from the doffer instead of the crank and doffing plate now used. Or the fibres and
noil may be delivered by the brush to an endless card strap travelling slowly in
the opposite direction to the brush, and as the card strap becomes loaded it is
cleared from time to time by the workman.
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHOES FOR HORSES, MULES, AND OTHER ANIMALS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Edward Yates at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th October 1877.
"IM-
WALTER EDWARD YATES, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster.
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHOES FOR HORSES, MULES, AND OTHER
ANIMALS."
The object of this Invention is to produce a shoe for horses, mules, and other
animals, which will wear as long as an ordinary shoe, but which is not liable to slip,
and will in a very great measure counteract the jar or concussion so injurious to the
hoofs and other adjacent parts of horses and other animals when shod with metal
shoes of the ordinary construction.
The improved shoe consists of of combination of cast steel or malleable cast iron,
with india-rubber, leather, hide, or other similar yielding, but durable substance, in
the following manner :-I cast a thin shoe in steel or malleable cast iron, one side
being flat, or nearly so, to fit the hoof, and the other side provided with a number
of studs or projections (preferably four-sided, slightly tapered, and more or less
pointed), the height of the projections added to the thickness of the plate or thin
shoe being equal to the desired thickness of the finished shoe. I then take a piece
of india-rubber, leather, hide, or other suitable yielding, but durable substance, of
the same shape as the shoe, and of a thickness about equal to the height of the
projections or studs (or rather more), and placing it over the studded side of the
shoe, I submit the whole to pressure until the studs are driven nearly, or quite
through the india-rubber, and the two become firmly united. The studs effectually
prevent the two parts from becoming separated, and also hinder the india-rubber or
other yielding substance from spreading laterally.