IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERCLOSETS, URINALS, LAVATORIES, AND OTHER PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Desiré Alfred Dumuis, Sanitary Engineer, Emir
Jean François Flicoteaux, Sanitary Engineer, Edward William Niblett,
Mechanical Engineer, and Manuel Leopold Jonas Lavater, Manu-
facturer, all of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERCLOSETS, URINALS, LAVATORIES, AND OTHER
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Desiré Alfred Dumuis,
Elmir Jean François Flicoteaux, Edward William Niblett, and Manuel
Leopold Jonas Lavater at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 5th June 1866.
5 We, DESIRE ALFRED DUMUIS, Sanitary Engineer, ELMIR JEAN FRANÇOIS
FLICOTEAUX, Sauitary Engineer, EDWARD WILLIAM NIBLETT, Mechanical
Engineer, and MANUEL LEOPOLD JONAS LAVATOR, Manufacturer, all of 9,
Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERCLOSETS, URINALS, LAVATORIES, AND OTHER
) RECEIVERS, AND ALSO IN TAPS FOR SUPPLYING LIQUIDS TO THE SAME," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention relates to improvements in waterclosets, urinals, and
lavatories, as also in the distributing cocks or valves to be used with the
same.

page_text: The first improvement relates to an improved arrangement or watercloset to
be used on board ship. This apparatus represented in Sheets 1 and 2 of the
Drawings possesses the advantage of being enabled to act below the line of
flotation, and discharges the matters at whatever depth it may be placed with-
out its being possible for the sea water to gain admission into the apparatus.
Figure 1 shows a longitudinal vertical elevation of the apparatus; Figure 2
a partial section on line 1, 2, Figures 1 and 3; Figure 3 a section on line 3, 4,
Figure 2, while Figures 4 and 5 show front and side views of portions of the
apparatus detached. The same letters serve for all the Figures.
a, basin of porcelain, copper, or other suitable material; b, copper valve
provided with an india-rubber flange for hermetically closing the lower orifice
of the basin and turning on a joint c, which permits of a closure being effected
in case of obstructions from extraneous causes; d, recipient of galvanized
cast iron in which the matters fall on leaving basin a; e, piston working in a
cylinder f, and serving to exhaust the matters from the chamber d to the
channel g whence they are ejected into the sea in the direction of the arrow h
by opening a valve i. The mechanism for working this apparatus consists
of a hand lever j which by an up-and-down motion works the piston e so as
to open the valve b as will be herein-after explained.
This apparatus being intended to be worked below the water line in order
to prevent the ingress of sea water through the channels is provided with
closures at the following points:-
1st, the valve b at the bottom of the basin.
2ndly, the disc k serving to close hermetically the orifice of receiver d, it
being faced for this purpose with india-rubber; this disc is mounted con-
centrically with the piston e on a stem below it and partakes in the
movements of the said piston so as to close the chamber d when the leverj
is in the position shown in Figure 2.
3rdly, the valve i, Figure 2 opening by the pressure produced by the descent
of the piston e in the cylinder f.
4thly, the valve m, which is always open, it being actuated by a lever n
only at such times as the apparatus requires repairing, while the vessel is
progressing either for cleaning out the valve i or other part; this valve m
being independent of the rest of the apparatus permits of its being taken
entirely to pieces, at the same time cutting off all communication with the
sea water; o, rod, connected to the lever j towards one end; o', flat rod fitted to
the lower end of a by a copper joint p; q, lever oscillating on an axis rat
one side of the rod o', this lever also carries a projection s and counter-
balance t; u, iron guide secured by two bolts to one of the feet t, which serve

page_text: to fix the apparatus to the flooring, the guide being for the purpose of support-
ing the rod o' in its up-and-down movement; x, lever, carrying a counter-
balance y, and serving to diminish the labor in working the hand lever j; by
bringing this lover to the position shown in red lines in Figure 2 the
5 rods n, o', rise upwards and the projection s lifts an arm z whereby to turn a
horizontal shaft 1 which transmits motion to the valve 6 of the basin by the
aid of a connecting rod 2, Figure 1; 3, lever keyed on the oscillating axis of
the valve b, furnished with a counterbalance 4, and serving to close the said
valve; 5, regulating cock for supplying water to the basin; 6, screw union
10 serving to connect the pipe from the water tank; 7, junction for the escape
pipe of cock 5; 8, pipe placed in communication with the basin a for supply-
ing water thereto for cleansing it; 9, india-rubber joint connecting the end of
the pipe 8 to the basin a; 10, small cock for regulating the quantity of
water to be supplied to the basin; 11, lever furnished with a counterbalance
5 12 for working the cock 5, the said lever being raised by a small pin 13 on
the counterbalance 4 of the lever 3, the lever being set in motion by the
transmitting parts, Figures 4 and 5 before described, in such manner that the
water reaches the basin at the moment the matters are discharged therefrom
and so as to assist in such action; 14, air passage placed at the upper end of
the cylinder, for facilitating the action of the piston e; 15, copper screw
union by which to connect the discharge pipe passing through the ship's
side; 16, guide of the lever n provided with a chain and pin for fixing the
said lever in the position in which it is desired to place the valve m. The
herein described mechanism of ship's waterclosets for opening the valve may
also be applied to all other kinds of waterclosets and urinals of whatever
arrangement.
Figure 6, Sheet 3, shows a watercloset apparatus formed in two parts, the
joint I of the basin being immediately behind the valve D; the syphon B is
of iron, or it may be other suitable material, the basin being rendered water-
tight by the valve D fixed to the lever L turning on an axis A and secured
by a spherical beaded screw J, whereby to facilitate its adjustment in case the
valve does not properly fit its seat. The valve is also covered with india-rubber
or other analogous substance fitting into a groove F, see Figure 48, Sheet 13,
whereby to obtain a perfectly tight joint, even supposing any matter to adhere
thereto. The india-rubber is fixed to the valve by screws or rivets K, K,
applied so as not to project beyond the face of the valve. The valve D may
also be made in a single piece, as at M, Figure 46, Sheet 12, and fixed to
the lever in the same manner as above described, the india-rubber being fixed
to a plate received in a groove of the valve as before. P, Figure 10, also

page_text: shows another arrangement of valve seat possessing great flexibility. L, plate,
the edge of which is narrowed on the inside and having a groove for
ensuring greater elasticity to the india-rubber. The india-rubber is fixed to
the valve in the manner already described.
Our improvements consist in the above arrangement of the parts, as also in 5
the application of the syphon B, Figures 7 and 8, with an inclined or horizontally
fitted valve to ordinary watercloset apparatus.
Figures 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17 show the application of the improved
valve herein-before described to a series of urinals, baths, lavatories, and for
other similar purposes. Figures 18 and 19 show an arrangement of washing 1
basin to be fixed to a bracket through which the exit pipe passes, and discharging
into a trap or syphon made in the base of the bracket. E, syphon; G, discharge
pipe; A, supply pipe; B, B, pipe discharging into the syphon; L, L, two valves
one above and the other below, of a similar construction to those before described
as applied to waterclosets, urinals, and for other purposes. These valves should 1
be opened from outside the syphon or valve chamber by the hand or foot, or
by means of a counterbalance. C, basin fixed to the bracket, having a
perforated bottom and carried on a socket M in communication with the
discharge pipe. We may also make the basin slightly movable in order to
work the valves either dropping on one side or moving backwards or forwards. 2
The basin may also be disposed at the top of a pillar furnished at the bottom
with a discharge trap.
Our improvements consist in placing the discharge pipe in the bracket
as described, as also in the arrangement of the valves to be operated from the
outside, and giving a slight motion to the basin in order to discharge the water,
which latter improvement we may also apply either by depressing or giving a
side movement to the basin or other recipient.
Figure 10, Sheet 3, shows an improved arrangement of separating chamber
placed below the syphon of the watercloset apparatus as near as possible to
the basin, the principal syphon being fixed thereto; the passage to the latter S
is closed by a valve lined with india-rubber or other similar material, but
instead of the centre of the valve D being a plain surface it is perforated in
order to afford a passage for the liquids which are conveyed to the passage
by means of a discharge pipe O fixed at the back of the valve. The contents
of the basin being discharged by opening the valve D pass into the syphon, 3.
the liquid portion running through the valve to the passage M, the solid parts
being retained by the grating to be afterwards discharged through the lower
valve D* to the passage N; in this manner the matters have only a very
M
short
distance to travel from the syphon in order to reach the reservoir, serving to

page_text: collect the same.
The lower valve D*, which
time as the valve D, discharges the contents of the basin into the syphon,
which action may be effected by the motion of the seat by the foot, or other-
wise, and we arrange the valves in such manner that the discharge of the two
5 chambers is effected alternately.
Figure 21, Sheet 7, shows another arrangement of chamber having double
passages applicable to ordinary watercloset apparatus, it being provided with
a perforated diaphragm above the passage M instead of in the valve, as in the
description of Figure 5, the valve being arranged as before described.
Figure 22 shows the application of a separating arrangement to a series of
waterclosets, the syphon B being of a proportionately larger size requires an
additional perforated surface, which may be arranged as shown at Q, the one
part of the valve surface being sunk lower than the other.
D, Figures 7 and 8, Sheet 4, and Figure 9, Sheet 3, show a trap or syphon
applied to the ordinary form of watercloset basin, as also another arrangement
of separating chamber having a valve placed horizontally, but unperforated, of
the kind before described. The bottom of the syphon may be perforated and
not touch the valve seat, so that the liquid may pass out at the passage M and
the solid matters at N on opening the valve D, Figure 9.
Figures 23 and 24, Sheet 8, show the arrangement of a portion of the
basin and chamber with the escape valve in section; G, solid piece which is
not required to be covered with india-rubber or other similar substance owing
to its fitting on an india-rubber seat H, or it may be of other similar material,
which at the same time forms a joint between the basin L and the
groove
I
of the syphon or receiver K.
Je
The general arrangement of the seat is the same as in the foregoing
description. The discharge to the receiver is effected at one side of the basin,
as seen at J in plan, Figure 24, and in dotted lines in the elevation Figure 23..
We may also apply the valve piece and seat above described to ships'
waterclosets if desired by constructing the chamber and receiver with a
communication between A and B. The several arrangements of the separating
chamber before described also form part of our Invention.
Hitherto hydrostatic valves for these purposes have been constructed in such
manner that the water employed for closing the valve passed into the basin
either by means of an india-rubber tube or two pieces of metal jointed together
so as to convey the water, which at the same time enclosed the lever for
actuating the small valve; we, however, prefer to arrange these valves as
follows:-Figure 25, Sheet 9, shows a section of a valve complete. By placing
a diaphragm A on the axis of the small valve and leaving a space C between

page_text: the valve B and the diaphragm A we are enabled to have a metal pipe D for
conveying water to the basin independently of the lever E. The pipe D may
be placed in any suitable direction for discharging its contents, thus rendering
this arrangement of valve suitable for more general use.
Figures 26 and 27, Sheet 10, show in partial section an hydrostatic valve
applicable for urinals, with the same letters of reference.
Figures 28 and 29, Sheet 9, show an arrangement of small regulating valve.
In Figure 28 the lever E with counterbalance F presses the small valve B up
to its seat in turning on point H, the water thus being free to pass through
passage D in any suitable direction. Figure 29 shows another arrangement
conducing to the same result; the axis of the small valve B passes through a
stuffing box I, I, and by raising the lever E the water passes through the valve.
into the passage D, and thence to any desired point.
Figures 30 and 31, Sheet 10, show the application of the hydrostatic valve
to waterclosets on the French system; in this case the small valve box c, c,
is screwed or otherwise fixed direct to the large chamber J. By pulling the
rod L the arm K is moved in the direction of the dotted lines, slipping past
the end of the vertical lever M in such manner that on the descent of the
rod L the arm K will pass the lever M mounted on an axis O, O, to the right,
and thus move the lever E hinged at O¹ by contact with the pin N, which presses
back the small valve B in such manner that the water which has become
accumulated on the large diaphragm Q is discharged into the large chamber J.
The passage P being open allows the water to enter the basin for the
purpose of cleansing it, the amount of which is regulated by the small plug R,
the surplus washing water passes out at the spout X into the passage V.
The valve S is depressed by acting on the lever of the spout X, thus the
solid matters become discharged and the valve returns to its original closed
position, this arrangement answers the same purpose as an india-rubber
packing for producing a tight joint while any surplus passes to the pipe V
instead of filling up the receptacle beneath, hitherto the hydrostatic valves have
been opened and closed by means of a small valve separate from the large
diaphragm, the end of the lever being attached to the diaphragm in such
manner as to ensure its opening and closing properly, and to which is attached
a pull rod or stem suitably jointed thereto and passing through a stuffing box
of the ordinary construction, which is liable to stick fast and allow of escapes,
hus causing both expense and inconvenience.
According to our improvements we prefer to increase the length of the
alve case A, see Figure 32, Sheet 6, so as to bring the end of the lever B
to a mortise E, E, for acting on a sliding piece F carrying a small valve G,

page_text: whereby to regulate the discharge of the water from the large diaphragm C, C.
This valve works in a seat H and having relieved the pressure permits the
water to pass through the seat D into the reservoir or recipient, and when
the water rises the end of the lever B (by means of a float) c'oses the small
5 valve G on its seat H, H, so permitting the pressure to accumulate in the
chamber I, I, in order to aid in closing the valve D. The passage of the
water to the chamber I, I, is regulated by a small screw plug J having a
passage L, L, communicating with the water flowing into the chamber K,
which is thus rendered of the same pressure as that filling the reservoir, the
0 large diaphragm having a much larger surface than the valve D gives it
immense force for closing it. We also combine a valve for regulating the
supply of water to a series of superposed reservoirs in such manner that when
the water attains its full pressure it will rise to the top reservoir which may
be furnished with a plug of the same kind as that last herein described.
5 This improved valve is represented in Figure 33, Sheet 6. A, A, valve
chamber receiving water under pressure between the valve B, B, and the
diaphragm D, D; this latter having a much larger surface than the valve
B, B, immediately closes it, the lever for actuating the small valve G being
weighted at the end E so as to assist this action. After the water has filled
the upper reservoir a small quantity may descend through the pipe H so as to
fill the chamber J, J, which may be provided with a small air valve of any
suitable arrangement above the diaphragm in order to permit of the chamber
being more quickly filled. By opening the small valve G the water descends into
the reservoir below by the passage I, I, enclosing the stem supporting the
valve G without opening the valve B, and thence into the next reservoir, or it
may be into a series. By the action of the end of the lever E the small
valve G is caused to close the chamber J, J, by coming down on its seat K, K,
the area of the chamber being so arranged that the pressure opens the
passage L for affording a passage to the water in the reservoir into the
channel M, the water having sufficient elevation lifts the lever E, which forces
the guide P, P, against the bottom 0, 0, of the valve, thereby relieving the
upper chamber as before described, and bringing the india-rubber seat B in
contact with L so as to stop the flow of water.
Our improvements further consist in a new method of fixing the hydrostatic
valves so that they may be opened when required, as will be herein-after
explained. The lever E, see section and plan, Figures 25 and 25*, Sheet 9,
being raised in order to close the small valve B by means of a float or counter-
balance attached to the end E¹ may be retained in that position by a catch T
mounted on an axis R which bears on the end of the lever E' and held in

page_text: Figure 34,
position by a counterbalance S until liberated therefrom.
Sheet 10, shows a double-seated regulating valve arranged in a similar
manner to the one above described, the same letters serving for similar parts
already described. The lever E, Figures 25 and 34, are released by means of
the arrangement described in the watercloset apparatus shown at Figures 30
and 31, Sheet 10, but instead of the vertical movement we adopt the horizontal
one at Figure 25, Sheet 9, as being more convenient. By pushing the guide
bar L to the left the catch K is caused to press forward the stud M, fixed
to the small arm U, thereby easing the arm T which releases the end of the
bar E2 and allows the valve to open as before mentioned, the guide in moving
from left to right raises the catch K without interfering with the valve action.
In order to lessen the shocks in the pipes caused by the sudden closing of the
valves we employ a cast-iron receiver A, Figure 35, Sheet 2, which we pro-
vide with an india-rubber diaphragm B, having a chamber C at the upper or
back part to be filled with air, whereby to present a certain volume of air to
meet the shock; should there be any escape at the upper portion of the
receiver, the air will be retained between the diaphragm B and the upper
case A; we may also apply a diaphragm and inflate it after the upper part is
screwed on by means of a pump applied at any suitable point at the upper
part of the receiver, this may be effected by means of india-rubber disposed in
a small passage adapted to the purpose, these arrangements forming part of our
improvements.
Hitherto the valves of watercloset apparatus have been
arranged to open and close without any means of counteracting the sudden
shocks to which they are liable; the following are arrangements we have
designed for the above purpose:-
A toothed segment, Figure 36, Sheet 11, is attached at one side of a
counterbalance A which communicates motion to a pinion C carried on an
axis D, having a large wheel E at its other end for increasing the speed
of the flyer, which is communicated to the latter by a pinion C gearing in the
wheel E, by raising the counterbalance A; the segment B turns the pinion C,
which by preference is mounted loosely in order to permit the lever or counter-
balance to be freely raised, and when the latter falls its weight is brought to
bear on the axis D by means of the arrangement represented at Figure 37,
Sheet 11; D, axis; J, disc fixed on the end of the axis D, on which is mounted
a pawl H taking into the teeth C, being kept up to position by a spring I.
It will be seen that on the counterbalance being raised the axis of the pinion
will be rotated and the weight be brought to bear on the flyer or arms pro-
vided with adjustable weights, so as to permit of their being gradually lowered
into position; the said wheel may also be replaced by a screw wheel with the

page_text: addition of a flyer or of arms with adjustable weights. The red lines in the
Drawings show the screw wheel forming a substitute for the wheel E; K,
screw formed on the axis P and supported in bearings L, L; M, arm
carrying the adjustable weights N, N, fixed by the screws O, O, to be used
5 instead of the flyer above described. These improvements in the arrangement
of the valves also form part of our Invention.
We have before referred to an arrangement for opening the valves of
ships' closets, shown at Figures 28 and 29, Sheet 9, and we will now proceed
to describe how this arrangement may be applied to separators or other
10 watercloset apparatus. Figures 38 and 39, Sheet 12, show an earthenware
basin formed in one piece and provided with the self-acting arrangement
above described. A, A, seat resting on pins B fixed to a frame C working
in a guide D, which is raised by the aid of a counterbalance E; the guide is
shown in the lower position, at which time the catch F has free play under
5 the lever G, and so that it may be raised by the action of the counterbalance,
when it is lifted sufficiently the catch is disengaged from lever G and it is
caused to fall gently by reason of the motion imparted to the lever H by a
rod J from a lever K, and from the lever L by a rod to the lever O placed at
the side of the basin, as seen in Figure 39; the end of this lever is connected
to a piston by means of two rods N, by which it is raised and the contents of
the basin discharged into the syphon B¹.
We employ the gearing above described for working a piston through the
aid of a rod P connected to the end of the lever K. This arrangement
enables the piston when raised to stop for an instant in order to let the
matters contained in the syphon pass out freely and prevent their adhering too
much thereto. The rod P may either be applied to the counterbalance or
direct on the back part of the valve which needs no further description. Our
improvements include the application of the above mechanism to this
arrangement of watercloset apparatus, as also to the one previously described,
having a solid piston and in two parts.
Figure 28, Sheet 9, shows a urinal valve disposed so as to open by the
movement of a catch, as before described, except that the motion of the catch
is horizontal instead of being vertical, the horizontal guide L is pushed from
right to left, so forcing the end G of the lever E a sufficient distance to free
itself from the catch F and enabling it to assume a closed position; the guide
also in returning to its position passes over the catch F without being sub-
ected to any movement.
Fig. 29, Sheet 9, shows another arrangement of the valve on the vertical
rinciple, the catch being in connection with the counterbalance Z. Figure 40,

page_text: Sheet 13, shows a portion of the framing to be applied to a self-acting water-
closet apparatus. When the frame A* is lowered, as shown in the said Figure,
it comes under the stud or projection C* on the counterbalance lever A, and
at the same time lifts the lever D* by means of a finger fixed on the frame
A* at E*. The object of this latter lever is to lock the valve in such manner 5
that it cannot be opened unnecessarily when the catch on the frame A*
assuming the raised position becomes disengaged from pawl C* by means of
another projection which comes in contact with an inclined piece H fixed to a
bar G*, extending across the apparatus; I* represents the head of the screw
for fixing the same, the counterbalance falling gently below the position shown
and described.
Figure 36, Sheet 11, shows another arrangement operated by the lowering
of the framing A*, the letters being the same as in Figure 41, Sheet 13, and
Figure 42, Sheet 11, before described, need no further reference. Hitherto
the arrangement for actuating the valve has consisted of a pedal sunk below
the surface of the flooring, but we prefer to simply attach the plate A (seen in
Figures 43 and 44, Sheet 8) to the floor by a joint B or hinge, so as to enable
it to be readily lifted up for cleaning underneath. We also place the counter-
balance D, D, and the valve E in a box C under the basin F of the urinal
so as to better protect it from damp and oxidation than in the previous
arrangement.
The chief features of our Invention are,-
1st, the general arrangement of our improved ships watercloset apparatus,
including the mechanism for opening the valve, which may also be applied to
self-acting separating and other waterclosets or urinals for the purpose of
opening the valve or basin and discharging the solid and liquid matters into
the receiver or syphon disposed for the purpose; also, the arrangement of
the regulating valve, which may also be fixed in the opposite direction and
closed until set at liberty by the fall of the counterbalance.
2ndly, the self-action of the seat in valve closets with basins formed in one
piece of earthenware, and provided with a hollow piston covered with india-
rubber; also, fitting closets having basins of earthenware or other suitable
material with a valve opening outwards in a trap or syphon and provided with
a solid or other valve covered with india-rubber resting on the seat, the basin
and syphon or trap being jointed together and having a discharge pipe at one
ide for carrying away the matters; and further the several arrangements of
alves and closures herein described. We also claim the separate trap for
eceiving the basins of ordinary closets on the French and English systems
ow in use..Saded

page_text: 0
5
3rdly, fixing the separator close up to the trap or
described and illustrated in the Drawings.
4thly, the arrangement of the foot plate of urinals with a box under the
basin to contain the mechanism and valves.
5thly, the addition of a diaphragm or stuffing box to the small regulator of
bydrostatic valves, as also the means of keeping it closed, it being opened
only at the desired times by means of the arrangement described and
illustrated. The addition of this diaphragm renders the valvo applicable to
ordinary watercloset apparatus.
6thly, the arrangement of gearing applied to valves consisting of a flyer and
arms provided with movable weights acting independent of the resistance of
the atmosphere; also, the use of a screw wheel in the manner described, and
the application of a cylinder or air chamber to the valves of self-acting closet
apparatus.
7thly, the arrangement of hydrostatic ball valves so as to dispense with a
stuffing box, by placing the lever connection between the large diaphragm and
the escape valve; also, the arrangement of the small regulating valve, together
with the method of regulating the flow of water into a series of superposed
reservoirs. We also claim the arrangement of receiver or air chamber for
preventing shocks in the water pipes by cutting off the water too suddenly at
the cocks.
8thly, the arrangements of the valves, whether opening outwards or inwards,
and their application to baths, lavatories, and other receivers, so as to open
or close outside the receiver; also, the arrangement of the discharge pipe
n lavatories fixed to brackets as described; and, lastly, the method of
rendering the basins of lavatories and other receivers movable in order to open
he discharge valves, all as herein-before described.
vlad

page_text: Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
Desiré Alfred Dumuis, Elmir Jean François Flicoteaux, Edward William
Niblett, & Manuel Leopold Jonas Lavater, Her special licence that we,
the said Desiré Alfred Dumuis, Elmir Jean François Flicoteaux, Edward
William Niblett, and Manuel Leopold Jonas Lavater, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Desiré Alfred Dumuis,
Elmir Jean Franço is Flicoteaux, William Edward Niblett, & Manuel
Leopold Jonas Lavater, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WATERCLOSETS, URINALS, LAVATORIES, AND OTHER RECEIVERS, AND ALSO
IN TAPS FOR SUPPLYING LIQUIDS TO THE SAME," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said Desiré Alfred Dumuis, Elmir Jean François
Flicoteaux, William Edward Niblett, and Manuel Leopold Jonas Lavater, our
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Desiré Alfred Dumuis, Elmir Jean
François Flicoteaux, William Edward Niblett, and Manuel Leopold Jonas
Lavater, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement, reference being had to the three
Sheets of Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked s
thereon (that is to say):
Our Invention relates to improvements in waterclosets, urinals, and lavatories,
as also in the distributing cocks to be used with the same.
The first improvement relates to an improved arrangement of watercloset
to be used on board ship. This apparatus represented in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 3
and 5, Sheet 1, of the Drawings, possesses the advantage of being enabled to
act below the line of flotation and discharges the matters at whatever depth
it
may be placed without its being possible for the sea water to gain admission
into the apparatus.
V

page_text: Figure 1 shows a longitudinal vertical elevation of the apparatus; Figure 2
a partial section on line 1, 2, Figures 1 and 3; Figure 3, a section on line 3,
4, Figure 2, while Figures 4 and 5 show front and side views of portions of
the apparatus detached. The same letters serve for all the Figures.
a, basin of porcelain, copper, or other suitable material; b, brass valve
provided with an india-rubber flange for hermetically closing the lower
orifice of the basin, and turning on a joint c which permits of a closure being
effected in case of obstructions from extraneous causes; d, recipient of
galvanized cast iron in which the matters fall on leaving basin a; e, piston
working in a cylinder f, and serving to exhaust the matters from chamber d
to channel g, whence they are ejected into the sea in the direction of arrow h
by opening a valve i. The mechanism for working this apparatus consists of
a hand lever j which by an up-and-down motion works the piston e so as to
open the valve 6 as will be herein-after explained.
This apparatus being intended to work below the water line in order to
prevent the ingress of sea water through the channels is provided with closures
at the following points:-
1st, the valve b at the bottom of the basin.
2ndly, the disc k serving to close hermetically the orifice of receiver d, it
being faced for this purpose with india-rubber; this disc is mounted con-
centrically with piston e on a stem 1 below it and partakes in the movements
of the said piston so as to close chamber d when the lever j is in the position
shown in Figure 2.
3rdly, the valve i, Figure 2, opening by the pressure produced by the
descent of the piston e in the cylinder f.
4thly, the valve m, which is always open, it being actuated by a lever n,
Figure 2, only at such times as the apparatus requires repairing, while the
vessel is progressing either for cleaning out the valve i or other part; this
valve m being independent of the rest of the apparatus permits of its being
taken entirely to pieces, at same time cutting off all communication with the
sea water; o, rod connected to the lever j, towards one end; o¹, Figures 4
and 5, flat rod fitted to the lower end of o by a brass joint p; q, lever, oscillating
on an axis r at one side of rod o¹; this lever also carries a projection s and
counterbalance t; u, iron guide secured by two bolts to one of the feet
which serve to fix the apparatus to the flooring, the guide being for the purpose
of supporting rod o¹ in its up-and-down movement; x, lever carrying a
counterbalance Y, and serving to diminish the labour in working the hand
lever j. By bringing this lever to the positon shown in red lines in Figures
the rods o, o', rise upwards, and the projection s lifts an arm z, whereby t

page_text: turn a horizontal shaft 1 which transmits motion to the valve 6 of the basin by
the aid of a connecting rod 2, Figure 1; 3, lever keyed on the oscillating axis
of the valve 6 furnished with a counterbalance 4, and serving to close the said
valve; 5, regulating cock for supplying water to the basin; 6, screw union
serving to connect the pipe from the water tank; 7, junction for the escape
pipe of cock 5; 8, pipe placed in communication with basin a for supplying
water thereto for cleansing it; 9, india-rubber joint connecting the end of the
pipe 8 to the basin a; 10, small cock for regulating the quantity of water to
be supplied to the basin; 11, lever with a counterbalance 12 for working the
cock 5, the said lever being raised by a small pin 13 on the counterbalance 4
of the lever 3, the lever being set in motion by the transmitting parts, Figures 4
and 5, before described, in such manner that the water reaches the basin at
the moment the matters are discharged therefrom, and so as to assist in such
action; 14, air passage placed at the upper end of the cylinder f for facili-
tating the action of the piston e; 15, copper screw union by which to connect
the discharge pipe passing through the ship's side; 16, guide of the lever n,
provided with a chain and pin for fixing the said lever in the position in which
it is desired to place the valve m. The herein described mechanism of ship's
waterclosets for opening the valve may also be applied to all other kinds of
waterclosets and urinals of whatever arrangement.
From Figures 6 to 17, Sheet 1, the same letters apply to all the Figures.
Figure 6 shows a watercloset apparatus formed in two parts, the joint I of
the basin being immediately behind the valve D; the syphon B is of iron, or
it may be other suitable material, the basin being rendered water-tight by
the valve D fixed to the lever L, turning on an axis A, and secured by a
spherical headed screw J, whereby to facilitate its adjustment in case the
valve does not properly fit its seat; the valve is also covered with india-rubber
or other analogous substance fitting into a groove F, see Figure 48, Sheet 3,
whereby to obtain a perfectly tight joint, even supposing any matter to
adhere thereto; the india-rubbor is fixed to the valve by screws or rivets K, K,
applied so as not to project beyond the face of the valve; the valve D may
also be made in a single piece as at M, Figure 46, Sheet 3, and fixed to the
lever in the same manner as above described, the india-rubber being fixed to
a plate received in a groove of the valve as before; P, Figure 10, shows a
similar arrangement of valve seat to that before described. The india-rubber
is fixed to the valve in the manner already described.
Our improvements consist in the above arrangement of the parts, as also
in the application of the syphon B, Figures 7 and 8, with an inclined or
horizontally fitted valve to ordinary watercloset apparatus.

page_text: Figures 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17 show the application of the
improved valve herein-before described to a series of urinals, baths, lavatories,
and for other similar purposes.
Figures 18 and 19, Sheet 1, show an arrangement of washing basin to be
5 fixed to a bracket through which the exit pipe passes, discharging into a trap
or syphon made in the base of the bracket; G, syphon; E, discharge pipe;
A, extension pipe; B, overflow pipe discharging into the syphon; L, valve,
be placed either above or below, of similar construction to those
before described as applied to waterclosets, urinals, and for other purposes;
o these valves should be opened from outside the syphon or valve chamber by
the hand or foot, or by means of a counterbalance. C, basin fixed to the
which
may
bracket, having a perforated bottom, and carried on a ring or socket M in
communication with the discharge pipe. We may also make the basin
slightly movable in order to open the discharge valve either side, dropping on
5 one, or moving backwards or forwards; the basin may also be disposed at the
top of a pillar, furnished at the bottom with a discharge trap. Our im-
provements consist in placing the discharge pipe in the bracket as described,
as also in the arrangement of the valves to be operated from the outside, and
giving a slight motion to the basin in order to discharge the water, which
latter improvement we may also apply either by depressing or giving a side
movement to the basin or other recipient.
Figure 10, Sheet 1, shows an improved arrangement of separating chamber
placed below the syphon of the watercloset apparatus as near as possible to
the basin, the principal syphon being fixed thereto; the passage to the latter
is closed by a valve lined with india-rubber or other similar material, but
instead of the centre of the valve D being a plain surface it is perforated, in
order to afford a passage for the liquids, which are conveyed to passage M by
means of a discharge pipe O fixed at the back of the valve. The contents
of the basin being discharged by opening valve D pass into the syphon, the
liquid portion running through the valve to the passage M, the solid parts
being retained by the grating to be afterwards discharged through lower
valve D* to the passage N; in this manner the matters have only a very
short distance to travel from the syphon in order to reach the reservoir, serving
to collect the same. The lower valve D*, which should not be open at the
same time as the valve D, discharges the contents of the basin into the
syphon, which action may be effected by the motion of the seat by the foot or
otherwise, and we arrange the valves in such manner that the discharge of
the two chambers is effected alternately.
Figure 21, Sheet 2, shows another arrangement of chamber having double

page_text: passages applicable to ordinary watercloset apparatus, it being provided with
a perforated diaphragm above the passage M instead of in the valve, as in
the description of Figure 5, the valve being arranged as before described.
Figure 22 shows the application of a separating arrangement to a series of
waterclosets, the syphon B being of proportionately larger size requires an
additional perforated surface, which may be arranged as shown at Q, the one
part of the valve surface being sunk lower than the other D.
Figures 7, 8, and 9, Sheet 1, shows a trap or syphon applied to the ordinary
form of watercloset basin, as also another arrangement of separating chamber
having a valve placed horizontally, but unperforated, of the kind before
described. The bottom of the syphon may be perforated or not, and made
not to tonch the valve seat, so that the liquid may pass out at the passage M
and the solid matters at N on opening the valve D, Figure 9.
Figures 23 and 24, Sheet 2, show the arrangement of a portion of the
basin and chamber with the escape valve in section; G, solid plug, which is
not required to be covered with india-rubber or other similar substance, owing
to its fitting on an india-rubber seat H, or it may be of other similar material,
which at the same time forms a joint between the basin L and the syphon or
receiver K when resting on the groove I. The general arrangement of the
seat is the same as in the foregoing description; the overflow of the receiver 2
is effected at one side of the basin, as seen at J in plan, Figure 24, and in
dotted lines in the elevation, Figure 23. We may apply the valve piece
and seat above described to ships' waterclosets if desired, and make the
joint k upon the receiver d, Fig. 3, Sheet 1.
The several arrangements of the separating chamber before described also
form part of our Invention. Hitherto hydrostatic valves for these purposes
have been constructed in such manner that the water employed for closing
the valve passed into the basin either by means of an india-rubber tube or
two pieces of metal jointed together so as to convey the water which at the
same time enclosed the lever for actuating the small valve.
We, however, prefer to arrange these valves as follows:-Figure 25,
Sheet 2, shows a section of a valve complete by placing a diaphragm A on
the axis of the small valve, and leaving a space C between the valve B and
the diaphragm A, we are enabled to have a metal pipe D for conveying water
to the basin independently of the lever E; the pipe D may be placed in any
suitable direction for discharging its contents, thus rendering this arrangement
of valve suitable for more general use.
Figures 26 and 27, Sheet 2, show in partial section an hydrostatic valvo
applicable for urinals with the same letters of reference.

page_text: Figures 28 and 29, Sheet 2, show an arrangement of small regulating
valve. In Figure 28 the lever E with counterbalance F presses the small
valve B up to its seat in turning on point H, the water thus being free
to pass through passage D in any suitable direction. Figure 29 shows
5 another arrangement conducing to the same result; the axis of the small
valve B passes through a stuffing box I, I, and by raising the lever E
the water passes through the valve into the passage D, and thence to any
desired point.
Figures 30 and 31, Sheet 2, show the application of the hydrostatic valve
▸ to waterclosets on the French system; in this case the small valve box c, c,
is screwed or otherwise fixed direct to the large chamber J. By pulling
the rod L the arm K is moved in the direction of the dotted lines, slipping
past the end of the vertical lever M in such manner that on the descent of
the rod L the arm K will press the lever M, mounted on an axis o, o, to
the right, and thus move the lever E hinged at O by contact with the pin N
which presses back the small valve B in such manner that the water which
has become accumulated on the large diaphragm Q is discharged into the
large chamber J. The passage P being open allows the water to enter the
basin for the purpose of cleansing it, the amount of which is regulated by the
small plug R, the surplus washing water passes out at the spout X into the
passage V. The valve S is depressed by acting on the lever of the spout X,
thus the solid matters become discharged, and the valve returns to its
original closed position. This arrangement answers the same purpose as an
india-rubber facing for producing a tight joint, while any surplus passes to
the pipe V instead of filling up the receptacle beneath. Hitherto hydrostatic
float valves have been opened and closed by means of a small valve separate
from the large diaphragm, the end of the lever being attached to the
diaphragm in such manner as to ensure its opening and closing properly, and
to which is attached a pull rod or stem suitably jointed thereto, and
passing through a stuffing box of the ordinary construction, which is liable
to stick fast and allow of escapes, thus causing both expense and incon-
venience.
According to our improvements we prefer to increase the length of the
valve case A, see Figure 32, Sheet 2, so as to bring the end of the lever B
into a mortise E, E, for acting on a sliding piece F carrying a small valve G
whereby to regulate the discharge of the water from the large diaphragın
C, C. This valve works in a seat H, and having relieved the pressure permits
the water to pass through the seat D into the reservoir or recipient; and when
B

page_text: the water rises the end of the lever B (by means of a float) closes the small
valve G on its seat H, H, so permitting the pressure to accumulate in the
The passage of the
chamber I, I, in order to aid in closing the valve D.
water to the chamber I, I, is regulated by a small screw plug J having a
passage L, L, communicating with the water flowing into the chamber K, 5
which is thus rendered of the same pressure as that filling the reservoir, the
large diaphragm having a much larger surface than the valve D gives it
immense force for closing it. We also combine a valve for regulating the
supply of water to a series of superposed reservoirs in such manner that when
the water attains its full pressure it closes the lower valves, rises to the top 1
reservoir, which may be furnished with a valve of the same kind as that last
herein described.
This improved valve is represented in Figure 33, Sheet 2. A, A, valve
chamber receiving water under pressure between the valve B, B, and the
diaphragm D, D. This latter having a much larger area than valve B, B,
immediately closes it, the lever for actuating the small valve G being also
weighted at the end F so as to assist this action.
After the water has filled
the upper reservoir a small quantity may descend through pipe H so as to
fill the chamber J, J, which may be provided with a small air valve of any
suitable arrangement above the diaphragm in order to permit of the chamber
being more quickly filled. By opening the small valve G the water descends
into the reservoir below by the passage I, I, enclosing stem supporting the
valve G without opening valve B, and thence into the next reservoir, or it
may be into a series. By the action of the end of the lever E the small
valve G is caused to close the chamber J, J, by coming down on its seat
K, K, the area of the chamber being so arranged that the pressure opens
valve L for affording a passage to the water in the reservoir into the
channel M, the water having sufficient elevation lifts the lever E, which
forces the guide P, P, against the bottom O, O, of the valve, thereby relieving
the upper chamber by allowing the water to pass as before described, and
bringing the india-rubber seat B in contact with L so as to stop the flow of
water.
the
Our improvements further consist in a new method of fixing the hydrostatic
valves so that they may be opened when required, as will be herein-after
explained. The lever E, see section and plan Figures 25 and 25*, Sheet 2,
being raised in order to close the small lever B by means of a float or
counterbalance attached to the end, E' may be retained in that position by
means of a catch T mounted on an axis R, which bears on the end of the

page_text: lever E2, and held in position by a counterbalance S until liberated there-
from.
Figure 34, Sheet 3, shows a double-seated regulating valve arranged in a
similar manner to the one above described, the same letters serving for
5 similar parts already described. The lever E, Figures 25 and 34, is released
by means of the arrangement described in the watercloset apparatus shown
at Figures 30 and 31, Sheet 2; but instead of the vertical movement we
adopt a horizontal one, as at Figure 25, Sheet 2, as being more convenient.
By pushing the guide bar L to the left the catch K is caused to press forward,
the stud M, M, fixed to the small arm U, thereby freeing the arm T, which
releases the end of the bar E2, and allows the valve to open as before
mentioned; the guide in moving from left to right raises the catch K without
interfering with the valve action.
In order to lessen the shocks in the pipes caused by the closing of the
valves we employ a cast-iron receiver A, Figure 35, Sheet 3, which we provide
with an iudia-rubber diaphragm B, having, it may be, a chamber C at the
upper or back part to be filled with air whereby to present a certain volume
of air to meet the shock; should there be any escape at the upper portion of
the receiver the air will be retained between the diaphragm B and the upper
case A. We may also apply a diaphragm, and inflate it after the upper part
is screwed on by means of a pump applied at any suitable point of the upper
part of the receiver; this may be effected by means of india-rubber disposed
in a small passage adapted to the purpose. These arrangements forming part
of our improvements.
Hitherto the valves of watercloset apparatus have been arranged to open
and close without any means of counteracting the sudden shocks to which
they are liable. The following are arrangements we have designed for the
above purpose:-A toothed segment, Figure 36, Sheet 3, is attached at one
side of a counterbalance A, which communicates motion to a pinion C carried
on an axis D, having a large wheel E at its other end for increasing the
speed of the fly wheel, which is communicated to the latter by a pinion G,
Figures 41 and 42, gearing in the wheel E; by raising the counterbalance A
the segment B turns the pinion C, which by preference is mounted loosely in
order to permit the lever or counterbalance to be freely raised, and when the
latter falls its weight is brought to bear on the axis D by means of the
arrangement represented at Figure 37, Sheet 3.
end of the axis D, on which is mounted a pawl H taking into the teeth of G.
being kept up to position by a spring I. It will be seen that on the counter-
D, axis; J, disc fixed on the

page_text: balance being raised, the axis of the pinion will be rotated, and the weight
be brought to bear on the fly wheel or arms provided with adjustable weights
so as to permit of their being gradually lowered into position; the said wheel
may also be replaced by a screw wheel with the addition of a fly wheel or of
arms with adjustable weights. The red lines in the Drawing show the screw
wheel forming a substitute for the wheel E. K, screw formed on the axis P
and supported in bearings L, L; M, arm carrying the adjustable weights
N, N, fixed by the screws O, O, to be used instead of the fly wheel above
described. These improvements in the arrangement of the valves and their
appendages also form part of our Invention.
We have before referred to an arrangement for opening the valves of
ships' closets, shown at Figures 28 and 29, Sheet 2, and we will now pro-
ceed to describe how this arrangement may be applied to separators or other
watercloset apparatus.
Figures 38 and 39, Sheet 3, show an earthenware basin formed in one
piece and provided with the self-acting arrangement above described. A, A,
seat resting on pins B, fixed to a frame C working in a guide D, which is
raised by the aid of a counterbalance E. The guide is shown in the lower
position, at which time the catch F has free play under the lever G, and so
that it may be raised by the action of the counterbalance; when it is lifted
sufficiently the catch is disengaged from lever G, and it is caused to fall gently
by reason of the motion imparted to the lever H by a rod J from a lever K,
and from the lever L by a rod to the lever O, placed at the side of the basin,
as seen in Figure 39. The end of this lever is connected to a piston by
means of two rods N, by which it is raised, and the contents of the basin
discharged into the syphon B¹. We employ the gearing above described
for working the piston through the aid of a rod P mounted on the end
of the lever K. This arrangement enables the piston when raised to stop
for an instant, in order to let the matters contained in the basin pass out
freely and prevent their adhering too much thereto. The rod P may either
be applied to the counterbalance or direct on the back part of the valve
as before, which needs no further description. Our improvements include
the application of the above mechanism to the arrangement of watercloset
apparatus, as also to the one previously described, having a solid piston and
in two parts.
Figure 28, Sheet 2, shows a urinal valve disposed so as to open by the
movement of a catch as before described, except that the motion of the catch
is horizontal instead of being vertical, the horizontal guide L is pushed from

page_text: right to left, so forcing the end G of the lever E a sufficient distance to free
itself from the catch F and enabling it to assume its original position; the
guide also in returning to its position passes over the catch F without being
subjected to any movement.
Figure 29, Sheet 2, shows another arrangement of the valve on the vertical
principle, the catch being in connection with the counterbalance Z.
Figure 40, Sheet 3, shows a portion of the framing to be applied
to a self-acting watercloset apparatus when the frame A* is lowered,
as shown in the said Figure; it comes under the stud projection C*
on the counterbalance lever A, and at same time lifts the lever D* by
means of a finger fixed on the frame A* at E*. The object of this latter
lever is to lock the valve in manner that it cannot be opened un-
necessarily. When the catch on the frame A*, assuming the raised position
becomes disengaged from point C*, by means of another projection which
comes in contact with an inclined piece H fixed to a bar G* extending
across the apparatus, I representing the head of the screw for fixing
the same, the counterbalance falling gently below the position shown and
described.
Figure 36, Sheet 3, shows another arrangement operated by the lowering
of the framing A*, the letters being the same as in Figures 41 and 42,
Sheet 3, before described, need no further reference. Hitherto in urinals
the arrangements for actuating the valve have consisted of a pedal sunk
below the surface of the flooring, but we prefer to simply attach the plate A
(seen in Figures 43 and 44, Sheet 3) to the floor by a joint B or hinge, so as
to enable it to be readily lifted up for cleaning underneath. We also place
the counterbalance D, D, and the valve E in a box C under the basin F of
the urinal, so as to better protect it from damp and oxidation than in the
previous arrangement.
Having described the nature of our Invention, and the manner of performing
the same, we declare that what we claim as our Invention to be protected by
the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,
-
1st, the general arrangement of our improved ships' watercloset apparatus,
ncluding the mechanism for opening the valve, which may also be applied to
self-acting, separating, and other waterclosets or urinals, for the purpose of
opening the valve or basin and discharging the solid and liquid matters into
the receiver or syphon disposed for the purpose; also the arrangement of the
regulating valve which may also be fixed in the opposite direction and closed
until set at liberty by the fall of the counterbalance.

page_text: 2ndly, the self-action of the seat in valve closets with basins formed in one
piece of earthenware and provided with a hollow piston covered with india-
rubber; also fitting closets having basins of earthenware or other suitable
material with a valve opening outwards in a trap or syphon and provided
with a solid or other piston covered with india-rubber, resting on the seat, the 5
basin and syphon or trap being jointed together and having a discharge pipe J,
Figures 23 and 24, at one side for carrying away the matters to the trap K,
and further the several arrangements of plugs and valves herein described. We
also claim the separate trap for receiving the basins of ordinary closets on the
French and English systems now in use.
3rdly, fixing the separator close up to the trap or syphon in the manner
described and illustrated in the Drawings.
4thly, the arrangement of the foot plate of urinals with a box under the
basin to contain the mechanism and valves.
1
5thly, the addition of a diaphragm or stuffing box to the small regulator of 1
hydrostatic valves, as also the means of keeping it closed, it being opened
only at the desired times by means of the arrangement described and
illustrated. The addition of this diaphragm renders the valve applicable to
ordinary watercloset apparatus.
6thly, the arrangement of gearing applied to valves, consisting of a fly
wheel or arms provided with movable weights independent of the resistance of
the atmosphere; also the use of a screw wheel in the manner described, and
the application of a cylinder or air chamber to the discharge valves of self-
acting closet apparatus.
7thly, the arrangement of hydrostatic ball valves, so as to dispense with a
stuffing box by placing the lever connection between the large diaphragm and
the chamber; also the arrangement of the small regulating valve, together
with the method of regulating the flow of water into a series of superposed
reservoirs. We also claim the arrangement of receiver or air chamber for
preventing shocks in the water pipes by cutting off the water too suddenly at
the cocks.
8thly, the arrangements of the valves fixed to the lever by means of a
spberical-headed screw, adjusted to the centre of the flap to facilitate its
better adaptation to any inequalities or unevenness in the valve seats, and
whether opening outwards or inwards, and their application to baths, lava-
ories, and other receivers, so as to open or close outside the receiver;
he arrangement of the discharge pipe in lavatories fixed to brackets or
illars as described; and, lastly, the method of rendering the basins of
also

page_text: lavatories and other receivers movable in order to open the discharge valves,
all as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Niblett, for myself
and on behalf of the said Desiré Alfred Dumuis, Elmir Jean
François Flicoteaux, and Manuel Leopold Jonas Lavater, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of No-
vember, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-six.
EDWARD WILLIAM NIBLETT. (L.S.)