matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLA, PARASOL, SUNSHADE, AND WALKING STICKS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Raphael at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th November
1862.
I, JAMES RAPHAEL, of Upper Fountain Place, City Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Stick Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLA, PARASOL, SUNSHADE, AND WALKING
STICKS," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
My Invention has reference to umbrella, parasol, sunshade, and walking
sticks, with a view to improve and obtain the same at less cost, as also to
render them neater and stronger, and of a more serviceable description than
at present, and consists in obtaining the same from any wood cut from planks
longitudinally with the grain in lieu of from branches or off-shoots of trees,
and twisting or bending the same in forming the handle or otherwise by
steeping or soaking the ends thereof firstly in a warm solution of soda and
water, and subsequently by means of heat applied thereto through the medium
of a jet of gas or otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MEASURING AND REGIS- TERING LACE AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Nickols at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th October
1862.
I, DANIEL NICKOLS, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer and Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MEASURING AND REGIS-
TERING LACE AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
On a frame of any suitable metal or material I arrange the necessary rollers
or bars over and under which the lace or article to be measured and registered
passes, the diameter of the middle roller being regulated so as to give the
measurement required. On the end of the said middle roller I fix a worm
which works into a pinion on the end of a shaft, on which shaft are placed a
number of teethed wheels varying in diameter so as to form a teethed cone.
Over the said cone I place another shaft with a loose toothed wheel working
into the said cone, which can be placed at such a position as to work on any
desired part of the cone to measure and register the distance or length
required, which is ascertained by a graduated scale fixed on the framework
near the said moveable wheel. At the other end of the said shaft I fix a
lever with a weight or hammer at the other end of it, which lever passes the
frame transversely, and is caused to rise and fall at the time the required

page_text: measurement is made, and on the said transverse lever I place a marker
which as it descends will pass through the material, and by descending into
a small reservoir of coloring matter will mark the material as it ascends; or
instead of the said marker, I can use a simple marker without coloring
matter.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STEERING SHIPS OR OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Anderson Black Smith
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th June 1862.
I, ALEXANDER ANDERSON BLACK SMITH, of St. John's, in the Province of
New Brunswick, British North America, at present residing at Islington, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STEERING SHIPS OR OTHER VESSELS," to be
as follows:-
This Invention has for its object a simple and effective arrangement of арра-
ratus for governing the movements and controlling the position of the rudders
of ships or other vessels. For this purpose, the rudder head is furnished with
a "tiller" or lever arm, to which the ends of ropes or chains are attached
which pass in opposite directions around blocks or pullies carried by arms or
projections fixed to the deck or other part of the vessel. From the sheaves
or blocks the ropes or chains pass to and around a grooved drum or barrel, to
which the other ends of the ropes or chains are fixed. The grooved drum or
barrel is carried by a vertical (or it may be in any other position) shaft or axis
supported in fixed bearings, and on the upper end of this axis a toothed bevil
wheel is fixed, which takes into and is driven by a bevil pinion fixed on a
horizontal axis, upon which the hand or steering wheel is fixed, and by which
motion is communicated to the rudder when required. In place of two ropes
or chains, one may be employed, taking a sufficient number of turns around
the drum to prevent slipping, and, if desired, two tiller arms may be fixed to
the rudder head in place of one, as described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING VESSELS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Freemantle and Samuel
Freemantle at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 27th December 1862.
We, JOHN FREEMANTLE and SAMUEL FREEMANTLE, both of Gosberton, in the
County of Lincoln, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING VESSELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in certain improved apparatus for propelling vessels
whereby a more powerful effect will be produced than that obtained by any of
the methods of propulsion at present in use.
I propose to construct a paddle attached to two arms, the ends of which
arms are connected with moveable horizontal beams, the arms and paddle are
actuated by means of a crank connected to the engine shaft and situated on
the exterior of the vessel within the paddle box, a similar paddle with arms,
beams, and a crank being arranged on the opposite side of the vessel. The
revolution of the cranks will carry the paddles downwards and backwards in
a descending and ascending curve, and will cause them on leaving the water
to be extended to their foremost position on a level above the water, thereby
avoiding contact with the surface of the water.
By this Invention vessels may be propelled either backwards or forwards
according to the direction of the throw of the crank.
A modification of the foregoing arrangements may consist in the reversa

page_text: of the positions of the cranks and beams, by placing the cranks at the
extremity of the arms, and by attaching the beams to the arms at the
centre thereof; this arrangement would be useful to paddle small boats by
hand.
AN IMPROVED WRINGING MACHINE
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Sanborn at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th November 1862.
I, GEORGE HENRY SANBORN, of 99, Cheapside, in the City of London,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED WRINGING MACHINE," to be as follows:-―
The nature of my Invention consists in the arrangement or combination of
the different parts of a wringing machine, in the means for adjusting the
rollers of the same, and in the mode of securing the machine to the tub or
washing vessel.
The frame of the machine consists of two posts, connected at the top by a
cross piece, and below the rollers by rods or other convenient means. The
shaft of the lower roller, to which the power is applied, rotates in boxes fixed
firmly in the posts, while the boxes containing the bearings of the upper roller
shaft move up and down in grooves or channels in the posts, to adapt the space
between the rollers to fabrics of various descriptions. The machine is
rendered self-adjusting by means of two pieces or rolls of india-rubber or
other similar material resting on the movable boxes, and kept in place by
means of a spring bar. The ends of this bar rest upon the india-rubber rolls
or pieces, and the pressure upon it is varied as required by an adjusting screw
through the top cross piece. This screw bears upon the centre of the spring
bar, thus permitting either end of said bar, and consequently either end of the

page_text: upper roller, to yield independently to the pressure caused by the fabrics
passing through the machine. The lower end of each post is forked, or a slit
is cut therein sufficiently wide to receive the side of the tub or washing vessel
and also a binding piece or clamp. These clamps are secured to the side of
the posts by means of guide pins, on which they move freely. The machine
having been placed on the tub or washing vessels, the clamps are pressed
against the side thereof by means of set screws, which pass through the same
side of the posts as the guide pins, and secure the machine firmly without
injuring the sides of the said -vessel.
AN IMPROVED HYDRAULIC CEMENT
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Peters at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th August
1862.
I, JOSEPH PETERS, of Wouldham Hall, Rochester, in the County of Kent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
HYDRAULIC CEMENT," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a certain compound for making hydraulic cement,
and consists in burning in a kiln grey stone containing about 16 per cent. of
clay, and 84 per cent. of carbonate of lime, and two parts of pebbles from the
sea beach, or any other like stones, containing about 90 per cent. of silica,
and 10 per cent. of clay. When burnt they are pulverized or ground to a
fine soft powder, which forms a cement ready for use. When water is added,
on using this cement, the lime and silica combine and become extremely
hard.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF COLOURING PORTLAND CEMENT FOR PLAIN AND ORNAMENTAL PLASTERERS' WORK ON THE WALLS OF BUILDINGS AND OTHER ERECTIONS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William John Taylor at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th March
1862.
I, WILLIAM JOHN TAYLOR, of No. 5, Upper Church Street, King's Road,
Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF COLOURING PORTLAND CEMENT FOR
PLAIN AND ORNAMENTAL PLASTERERS' WORK ON THE WALLS OF BUILDINGS AND OTHER
ERECTIONS," to be as follows:-
Hitherto various ornamental devices and effects have been produced by
colouring or painting the surfaces of Portland cement when used in plain
and ornamental plasterers' work as applied to walls of buildings and other
erections; but my Invention consists in the addition of colouring matter
to the materials of the said Portland cement previous to its being used for
plastering purposes. By thus mixing the colour with the materials of the.
cement, instead of obtaining the mere surface colour hitherto in use, and
which is constantly liable to be worn or chipped off, I obtain a durable
and uniform colour throughout the entire substance of the cement. By
using ordinary Portland cement, thus mixed with any suitable number and
variety of colours, I produce an ornamental effect similar to that already
obtained by the use of coloured bricks on brick surfaces, and as little liable to
deterioration, either from the action of the atmosphere or from any other
causes.
Portland cement thus varied in colour is equally suitable to the pro-
duction of ornamental effects on flat surfaces of walls, and on all kinds of

page_text: mouldings and ornaments used in plasterers' work. The colouring matters
which I find most suitable for mixing with the cement are chiefly the
ordinary earth colours. I do not, however, confine myself to any particular
colouring material, but avail myself of any substance which will produce the
colour I require, provided it do not by its chemical action tend to injure the
quality of the cement.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN STAYS OR CORSETS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th August 1862.-A communication from abroad by Julie Saliné, of
Paris, France, Widow.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN STAYS OR CORSETS," (a communication to me from abroad by Julie
Saliné, of Paris, France, Widow, to be as follows:-
These improvements will be best understood by reference to the Sheets of
Drawings hereunto annexed, and forming part of this my Provisional Specifi-
cation, Sheet 1 representing the upper part of half a corset or stays (left side),
and Sheet 2 the lower part of same, which part is not united to that shewn
Sheet 1 by a seam, as might be supposed from their being shewn separate,
but is of one piece with, the stays being divided in the Drawing simply that
the sections may be more readily comprehensible.
In Sheet 1, A, A, indicates axis of half the stays, or half round the waist;
A¹, A¹, the same, developed by the upper sections; B, half busk, on which
are fixed the buckles b, buckling in front C, part in front of the chest,
furnished with small rows of whalebone placed slanting; B' whalebones in
bands, upholding the breast in front and at the sides; B", whalebones in
he sloping part of the stays, coming beneath the arms and extending to the

page_text: centre of the spine; G first gusset of the breast, furnished with small whale-
bones; G¹ two other breast gussets; Œ, band with whalebone, carrying
eyelet holes by which the two parts of the stays (that is to say the right and
left halves) are laced together over the spine; F, embroidered or festooned
border.
In Sheet 2, A, A, indicates the axis; A', A¹, developement of same; B,
half busk, carrying the buckles 6; G, gussets of the belly; G³, hip gussets;
H, whaleboned part immediately adjoining the belly gusset; and ŒE, and
with whalebone, carrying eyelet holes. The right half of the stays is made
exactly similar to the left half above described, and shewn in the Drawings,
only that instead of the buckles b, it will be provided with straps.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PROTECTING THE SIDES AND DECKS OF SHIPS FROM THE EFFECTS OF PROJECTILES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Kennedy at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd May
1862.
I, JOHN KENNEDY, of Whitehaven, in the County of Cumberland, Ship
Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PROTECTING THE SIDES AND DECKS OF SHIPS FROM THE EFFECTS OF
PROJECTILES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in protecting the sides of ships by means of wire ropes
in coils, or otherwise supported by metal springs.
Instead of or in addition to the wire ropes plates may be used.
decks I use metal plates backed or supported upon metal springs.
For the
The object of my Invention is to afford at the same time a resisting and
yielding armour.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING, COMBING, AND DRESSING VEGETABLE FIBRES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th March 1862.-A communication from abroad by John Andrew de
Brame, of New York, United States of America.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING, COMBING, AND DRESSING VEGETABLE
FIBRES," (communicated to me from abroad by John Andrew de Brame, of
New York, United States of America,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, first, in the employment in machinery for preparing,
combing, and dressing vegetable fibres of endless chains passed and extended
round drums or cylinders. The transverse links or bars of the chains are
plain and serrated on their surface, so that they act as combs and beaters, or
scrapers; one serrated edge and two plain are preferred alternately. The
chains are placed in pairs one above another, and the drums or cylinders are
supported in strong bearings, and have motion communicated to them from
any prime mover.
The Invention consists, second, in the employment of an endless chain for
conveying the material to be operated upon to the machine, it is extended
round two shafts, and has motion imparted to it through a pinion on one of
the drum shafts, through another toothed wheel, and a pulley and strap on
one of the shafts round which the endless chain passes. A gripper connected

page_text: to this chain holds the material while the beaters or scrapers and combs act
upon and dress the fibres. The machine is constructed in such manner that
the axles may be prolonged, or the frame brought out at the side, so as to
enable the gripper to draw out the combed fibres at the side of the machine.
Instead of two sets of endless beaters or scrapers and combs in some cases
one set only is used.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF ATTACHING DIRECTION CARDS, NAME PLATES, OR OTHER CARDS OR PLATES TO TRUNKS, PACKING CASES, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Sill at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th June 1862.
I, RICHARD SILL, the younger, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Grocer and Tea Dealer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF ATTACHING DIRECTION CARDS, NAME PLATES, OR
OTHER CARDS OR PLATES TO TRUNKS, PACKING CASES, AND OTHER ARTICLES," to be
as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvement or improvements herein-after
described in attaching direction cards, name plates, or other cards or plates to
trunks, packing cases, and other articles to which it may be required to attach
cards or plates. I affix to the surface of the trunk or case or other article a
frame of thin metal, the said frame being, by preference, rectangular, and
closed on three sides. The said frame is attached to the surface of the trunk,
case, or article by means of screws, pius, or rivets. The direction card or plate
is inserted in the open side of the frame, and is passed by a sliding motion
into grooves in the frame, so as to fill up the open space in the frame. The
direction or inscription or device on the card or plate is thus displayed in the
said frame. The card or plate is prevented from being removed from the frame
by means of a screw pin, which is passed through a hole in the middle of the
open side of the frame, the head of the pin resting on the top of the frame

page_text: and being nearly flush therewith, and the screwed end of the said pin passing
through the part of the trunk or other article to which the frame is attached.
A screw nut being screwed on the end of the pin, it is secured in its place, and
the card or plate fixed in the frame.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BLOCKING AND PRESSING HATS AND BONNETS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Davis Welch and Alfred
Phippen Welch at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 7th October 1'862.
We, JOHN DAVIS WELCH and ALFRED PHIPPEN WELCH, both of Gutter
Lane, in the City of London, and of Luton, in the County of Bedford, Straw
Hat Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BLOCKING AND PRESSING HATS AND BONNETS,"
to be as follows:-
:
This Invention consists in certain improvements in machinery or apparatus
for blocking or pressing hats or bonnets, whether made of straw, felt, crinoline,
or other materials. We propose to mount on four vertical iron or wooden
standards an iron table, which may be formed hollow in order to admit of its
being heated by steam, hot water, or other medium if desired; the elevation of
the standards is to be continued above the level of the table for the purpose of
serving as guides, within which a dome or hemisphere of iron or other metal
is adjusted, this dome is provided at its periphery with four equidistant slots or
grooves which take into the edges of the guides, whereby the dome is retained
in a horizontal position or parallel; the lower part of the dome is furnished
with a strong diaphragm or disc of india-rubber, vulcanized or otherwise,
secured in a water-tight or air-tight manner around the entire internal edge or
circumference thereof; and the top of the dome receives a tube or pipe which
may be bolted or screwed therein, and by which means hot or cold water or
air or other fluid may be forced into the dome by means of a pump, so as to

page_text: apply hot or cold, hydraulic, pneumatic, or other pressure to the elastic
diaphragm. Underneath the dome and diaphragm and upon the surface of
the table a block or form either of metal, cement, or wood, of the desired
shape or pattern (according to the hat or bonnet to be pressed or blocked) is
placed, and the hat or bonnet being placed thereon the dome is allowed to
slide down between the guides until the diaphragm comes well in contact and
encloses the article to be blocked, after which the dome is to be held down by
means of clamping screws or other fastenings, and the hydraulic, pneumatic, or
other pressure is then to be applied from the pump, whereby the elastic
diaphragm will be extended, stretched, and forced down on to the outer
surface of the hat or bonnet upon the block, and so give it the requisite
pressure and shape. On removal of the hydraulic or pneumatic pressure and
the fastenings the dome will rise, and the operation may be repeated. The
block may
be heated if requisite. The bonnet or hat should be damped by a
steam bath or water before it is pressed, and a hood of felt, flannel, or leather
should be placed over the hat or bonnet to protect the surface while being
pressed.
The surface of the table and the edges of the dome should be ground and
polished so as to fit after the manner of an air-pump receiver.
By this Invention a great facility is afforded of changing the blocks or
forms rapidly.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHRONOMETERS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Knudsen at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st April
1862.
I, FREDERICK KNUDSEN, in the employ of M. F. Dent, of 33 and 34,
Cockspur Street, Charing Cross, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHRONOMETERS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in chronometers. It is well
known that if chronometers fitted with the ordinary compensating balance are
adjusted to go correctly in medium temperatures, they will lose in extreme
temperatures, thus if a chronometer be adjusted so that it goes alike in 32°
Fahrenheit, and in a medium temperature of 66°, it goes from 8 to 10 seconds
per day slower in 100°, and if the error be divided, and the chronometer
adjusted to go alike in extreme temperatures it generally goes from 4 to 5
seconds faster in medium temperatures. This arises from the pendulum
spring on a regular increase of temperature losing strength in a constantly
increasing ratio, whilst the compensating power of the balance although it
increases in an increasing ratio on a regular increase of temperature does not
increase in a sufficient ratio to counteract the effect upon the spring; now in
order to obviate this defect I connect to the arms which carry the compen-
sation bows what I call auxiliary bows. Each of the auxiliary bows like the
primary bows carries a weight or weights the position of which upon the bows

page_text: can be varied to adjust the balance correctly, the auxiliary bows are also like
the primary compensation bows made of two metals, but the metals of which
the auxilary bows are composed are arranged in the reverse way to the metals
composing the primary bows, the auxiliary bows will thus upon an increase of
temperature move the weights carried by them away from the axis or arbor,
to which the arms carrying the bows are connected, and upon a decrease of
temperature will move the weights towards the axis or arbor, the auxiliary
bows will therefore tend to cause the chronometer to gain on a decrease of
temperature, and to loose on an increase of temperature, the primary bows
must therefore be made thinner to counteract this effect and thus for a given
variation in temperature the weights carried by them will move through a
greater space. The auxiliary bows may be connected to the arms which carry
the primary bows in such manner that the auxiliary bows come either above
or below the primary bows, or they may be so fixed to the arms that they
come outside of the primary bows, but the auxiliary bows must always like
the primary bows, act with perfect freedom in all temperatures.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DRAIN TILES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Hewitt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th January
1862.
I, GEORGE HEWITT, of Ipswich, House and Land Surveyor, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF DRAIN TILES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus used in the
manufacture of drain tiles. For these purposes in order that the ends of
such tiles may more advantageously than heretofore be made to go together
with spigot-and-faucet joints, one end of each tubular tile is by my
improved apparatus cut into the form of a hollow or concave cone, and
the other end is cut to the form of a convex cone. The apparatus consists of
two hollow conical cutters, one of which is fixed on a suitable handle, the
stem of which enters into and fits the interior of the tile which is about to be
cut at its ends, in such manner however as to allow of its being turned
freely therein. As this fixed hollow conical cutter is caused to be rotated,
and is pressed up towards the end of the tubular tile, (which should still be
only in a partially dried state), the cutter progressively removes the outer end
of the tube, the shavings of the clay or brick earth passing through the hollow
conical cutter from the interior outward. To facilitate the holding of the tile
when being cut at the ends, the tile is placed in a hollow or semicircular
trough, one end of which is bridged over with a semicircular arch, the outer

page_text: surface of which, as well as the outer surface of the invert of the trough, is
bevilled off so as to form a concave cone suitable to admit of the use of the
other conical hollow cutter which is employed to cut the concave conical cut at
the other end of the tile. The other end of the hollow trough or holder is
formed convex, so that the fixed conical cutter by which the convex conical
end of the tube is cut, may pass on to the end of the trough or holder. The
conical cutter by which the concave end of a tile is formed, is fixed on a suitable
holder which has two handles; the holder is constructed in such manner as
to admit of the cutter and holder passing on to the end of the stem to which
the other cutter is fixed, which protrudes through or extends beyond the other
end of the tile; by this means the end of the stem forms as it were an axis on
which the cutter is caused to rotate. The conical cutter used for forming the
concave end of a tile is so formed that the shavings of clay or brick earth, as
they are removed from the end of the tile, pass through the cutter in a direc-
tion from the outside of the cutter into the interior thereof, where provision
is made for the shavings to get away from the cutter.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN OBTAINING LIGHT, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Anne Shepard at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the 15th August
1862.
I, ANNE SHEPARD, of No. 55, Victoria Street, Westminster, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN OBTAINING LIGHT, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as
follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in obtaining light by
combining oxygen gas or carbonic oxide at or near the point of combustion with
the vapour of naptha or other hydrocarbon oil, for the purpose of obtaining
light; and in carrying out my Invention I cause hydrocarbon vapour, either
separately or combined with carbonic oxide, or any heating or illuminating gas
to mix at or near the burner with the necessary quantity of oxygen gas required
to produce complete combustion. The oxygen gas required for this purpose
may be generated by any of the processes at present known, but I prefer
procuring it from sulphuric acid or other combination of sulphur with oxygen,
by decomposing the same in a suitable red-hot retort, and then causing the
sulphur to combine with lime, an alkali, or other substance for which it has a
greater affinity than for oxygen. Any convenient form of apparatus may be
used for generating the hydrocarbon vapour, but I prefer the principle of
drawing up the oil from the receptacle holding the same by capillary attraction
to near the burner, so that the heat of the flame may better volatalize the oil
to be mixed with the carbonic oxide or other gases; I generate the carbonic

page_text: oxide intended to be napthalised from carbonic acid gas the result of combustion
from any burning body; this gas I cause to pass through red-hot charcoal or
other form of carbon in a highly heated state, whereby each volume of carbonic
acid takes up one atom of carbon, and thus forms carbonic oxide gas; the light
may be made more intense if required by causing the napthalised gases com-
bined with oxygen gas at the point of combustion, to impinge against a
stationary disc or body of lime, magnesia, or asbestos, either together or com-
bined, the gas jet or burner in this case is made moveable and caused to travel
over the surface of the stationary disc of lime or other substance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MULES FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Platt and William Richardson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 1st April 1862.
We, JOHN PLATT, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanical
Engineer, and WILLIAM RICHARDSON, of the same Place, Mechanical Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MULES FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to a method of communicating the ordinary inter-
mittent motion to the "change" or "cam shaft," for which purpose we use
an arrangement similar to that known in cotton machinery as "the differential
motion." In order to point out the principle of the arrangement we employ,
we will suppose that a bevil wheel is fixed upon the cam shaft gearing into a
pinion which transmits motion to a second wheel loose upon the aforesaid
shaft. The pinion is carried by a spur wheel with which it revolves bodily;
and this spur wheel we will suppose to be driven from the rim shaft or other
convenient part of the mule. The spur wheel therefore is capable of running
without communicating motion to the cam shaft, but if one of the bevil
wheels be prevented from revolving then rotatory motion will be transmitted
thereto. This holding of the bevil wheel may be accomplished in different
ways; but a method which we contemplate consists in causing a break to act
thereon, or on a disc connected therewith; and we also propose using a break
in connexion with the "cam shaft," together with projections, according to the
number of "changes," and which arrive in contact with a stop or stops.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING CALICO AND OTHER SURFACES, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Kay at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th September-
1862.
I, ROBERT KAY, of Castleton Print Works, Blue Pits, in the County of
Lancaster, Calico Printer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING CALICO AND OTHER SURFACES, AND IN
APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, first, to a novel application of, and improvement
upon the "sieve" now used by block printers, to supply the coloring matter,
and consists in adapting such apparatus to cylinder printing particularly, but it
may also be applied to various descriptions of printing, such as type surface or
letter-press printing.
My improved "sieve" consists of an internal cylinder, having an external
covering of india-rubber or other elastic substance, so as to form a cavity or
chamber between the two, which cavity is to be supplied by tubes with water
or liquid from a cistern, and the pressure duly regulated by valves, the surface
of the india-rubber may either be corrugated or covered with woollen or other
fabric.
By the novel employment of the confined water for the color cylinder or
"sieve,"
a more yielding or compensating bed is formed at the point of contact
with the printing or type cylinder. I would also remark that if the water be
not sufficient to prevent the india-rubber covering from "bagging" it may

page_text: be confined by small parallel rods or tubes, to distribute the pressure more
evenly.
A second portion of my Invention consists in the novel employment and use
of an endless band of wire gauze, instead of, and as a substitute for, the band of
felt or flannel now employed in ordinary calico printing machines, to supply
the coloring roller with color, by transferring it from the "furnishing roller,"
rotating in the color trough to the said color roller, by which means a con-
siderable improvement is effected in imparting the color to the type or design.
IMPROVEMENTS IN: JACQUARD ENGINES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Townend, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd February
1862.
I, JAMES TOWNEND, of Bradford, in the County of York, Machinist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN:
JACQUARD ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to means or apparatus for working the healds in
looms for weaving, and the improvements consist in the employment of two
grife levers hinged at one end to a stud, on which they are capable of vibrating
or oscillating, and arranged in such manner that the other ends are guided by
a vertical slide frame, so that the upright wires can be lifted and lowered ver-
tically, and thereby avoid or dispense with long or oval eyes in the needles.
The upright wires are made with double hooks, so as to take on to either of
the levers, according as the needles are actuated by the cards or indicated by
the pattern surface, the one lever being operated to lift, whilst the other
lowers the upright wires. The said uprights are so constructed as to pass
through the bottom board, and thereby dispense with neck bands, and also avoid
the rebound of the uprights and consequent vibration of the warp now pro-
duced by the uprights dropping on the bottom board; the said uprights being
at all times suspended by one or other of the two levers. By means of these
improvements wires may be all of the same lengths, and an equal or uniformn
shed produced. I also employ a catch lever for working the cylinder backward:
without operating either the engine or loom. The lever is hinged to a bracket.

page_text: attached to the cylinder frame in or near its middle, having a catch suspended
at one end kept out of contact with the cylinder, except when the lever is
operated at the other end by the attendant; the catch is then brought into
contact with the cylinder at the same time a finger on the said lever lifts
the ordinary top catch out of contact with the cylinder, allowing it to be turned
backward.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HELMETS FOR DIVERS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samson Barnett, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th May 1862.
I, SAMSON BARNETT, of 23, Forston Street, Hoxton, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HELMETS FOR DIVERS," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist, firstly, in constructing the discharge valve of the
helmet so that the spindle of the valve projects through and slightly beyond
the outside cover of the valve, in which the spindle can move backwards and
forwards. By pressure upon the projecting part or exterior end of the spindle
the diaphragm of the valve may be pressed inwards home to its seat, pre-
venting the escape of air; a spiral spring around the spindle, and between
the diaphragm of the valve and the outside cover re-opening the valve upon
the pressure being removed. It will thus be seen that should the diver be
desirous of raising himself in the water, or should he from accident or other
cause wish to come to the surface, he can do so at will by merely raising his
hand and pressing on the projecting part or exterior end of the spindle, while,
should the person diving be affected with giddiness his hand would drop from
the valve, and the pressure being removed, the valve re-opens or rights itself.
This improvement renders my helmets the most safe for use, not only by
practical divers, but they may be used also by inexperienced persons with
perfect security.
Secondly, my improved helmet is so constructed that the front eye is
attached to the helmet by means of a hinged joint, the metal rim of the eye

page_text: fitting into a seat of vulcanized india-rubber; the improvement over the
ordinary plan of screwing these eyes in being that the eye can be opened and
relief thereby obtained by the diver himself immediately upon reaching the
surface, as the eye can never stick fast, nor is the employment of force neces-
sitated to open it, as is often the case when the eye is screwed into its place,
nor can the eye be lost.
My improvements further consist in constructing the metal screw collar,
which unites at the neck the two parts of the diving helmet with suitable holes
or orifices to receive a pin, so that the upper or detachable part, when screwed
into its proper position upon the lower part, may be locked securely therein
by means of the pin, which I term a "locking pin," the said pin being
attached to the helmet by means of a chain. This arrangement prevents the
possibility of accident from the helmet being struck or striking against any
object whereby the helmet might otherwise be released.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF A KIND OF WOOLLEN CLOTH KNOWN TO THE TRADE AS DEERSKIN.
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frank Applegate, of Bradford-on-Avon, in the
County of Wilts, Cloth Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF A KIND OF WOOLLEN CLOTH KNOWN TO THE
TRADE AS DEERSKIN.".
Sealed the 6th April 1868, and dated the 31st December 1862.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Frank Applegate at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and Declara-
tion on the 81st December 1862, pursuant to the 9th Section of the
Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FRANK
APPLEGATE, of Bradford-on-Avon, in the County of Wilts, Cloth Manufacturer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN.
THE MANUFACTURE OF A KIND OF WOOLLEN CLOTH KNOWN TO THE TRADE AS DEER-
SKIN," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the same, and
have made solemn Declaration that I am the true and first Inventor thereof.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frank Applegate, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and the manner of carrying the same into
practical effect, to be as follows.:-
This Invention relates to an improvement in that kind of wool dyed cloth

page_text: known in the trade by the appellation of deerskin, in which the larger pro-
portion of the weft is woven on the outside of the cloth, and my Invention
consists in the use of two kinds of weft of the same shade of color or dye, but
of different commercial values, the one being dyed a woaded or indigo color,
which is used only for the face or exposed surface of the cloth, and the other
a common or unwoaded color, which is used for the back or unexposed surface
of the cloth. The said distributions of weft of different values of dye is
accomplished by the use of two or more shuttles in the weaving loom, the
shuttle carrying the best weft to be thrown across the loom when the greater
number of harness is down which would form the face of the cloth, and the
shuttle carrying the common weft to be thrown across when the greater
number of harness is up, which would form the back of the cloth. This may
be done by the use of two shuttles carrying weft of different values thrown
across the loom alternately from each side or both shuttles starting from
the same side, and being thrown across and back again alternately.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frank Applegate, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
Witness,
THO. BUSH SAUNDERS,
Bradford-on-Avon,
FRANK APPLEGATE. (L.S.)
Justice of the Peace for the County of Wilts.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MEASURING AND REGIS- TERING THE FLOW OF WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Ramsbottom and George
Hacking at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 12th August 1862.
We, JOHN RAMSBOTTOM and GEORGE HACKING, of Accrington, in the County
of Lancaster, Machinists, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MEASURING AND REGIS-
TERING THE FLOW OF WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of applying to water meters swing hinges, partly
similar to those used in dry gas meters, to be placed at or near each end of a
cylinder or measuring chamber having rods which pass through stuffing boxes
in the sides or ends; the said rods to be connected in such a manner that as
the piston during its motion from end to end of the cylinder or chamber forces
one hinge outwards the other hinge will be at the same time forced or drawn
inwards, to be in its turn similarly acted upon by the piston during its return
stroke, and from the bar connecting the two hinges the requisite motion will
be obtained to actuate the valve and registering apparatus either by means of
a tumbler or other more direct manner. Or the said bar may be constructed
so as to actuate a valve, or the two hinges may be made to serve the purpose
of valves, in order to supply fluid to a piston valve which may be actuated by
the pressure of the fluid. Or instead of the cylinder and piston we construct
a semi-cylindrical chamber with a semicircular block or piston working therein.
In actuating the valve by means of the tumbler motion we so arrange the

page_text: mechanism that during the descent or ascent of the tumbler, as its weight and
power increases, the duty to be done by it shall also increase, and vice versa.
Thus the valve is moved by rocking arms struck or pressed upon by the
tumbler as it falls, and as we place the centre on which the tumbler moves
above the centre of the rocking arm, the point of the rocking arm pressed
upon by the tumbler during its descent gradually changes, the tumbler arm
becoming longer as the rocking arm becomes shorter, and thus the com-
pensating motion is obtained. In those cases where we use either the usual
shaped slide valve or a modification of it in a circular or plug form we
construct tlie ports of the valve and seating so that during the act of reversion
they shall never entirely stop the supply, and thus avoid concussion in the
mains. This we effect by reducing the bearing surface of the valve below
that of the orifices to be crossed at the times of transit, thus leaving open at
this moment a communication from feed to exit. To obtain greater
accuracy of registration we apply a moveable break catch or taking-up motion
which seizes firmly a disc or wheel attached to the index, and as the catch
moves in one direction carries the disc or wheel along with it, but as the
break catch returns it is liberated from the wheel which remains at rest until
a recurrence of motion in the former direction takes place.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Culling at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th January
1862.
I, CHARLES CULLING, of Downham Market, Norfolk, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-ARMS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in fire-arms. For these
purposes in order to render fire-arms more safe and less liable to accidental
discharge the following combined apparatus is applied :-A projection is fitted,
by preference, on the under side of the stock and behind the trigger guard,
this projection is formed on a lever or instrument, and is so arranged as to be
acted on and pressed inwards by the hand when grasping the stock, and there
is a catch or bolt which prevents the trigger releasing the hammer till such
catch or bolt is moved away, and this is done by the lever on which the
projection is formed when it is pressed inwards.
In addition there is another apparatus employed, which is acted on by
pressing the butt end of the fire-arm against the shoulder; this arrangement
consists of a sliding rod within the stock, the outer end of which has a button
or enlargement upon it which extends somewhat beyond the heel plate, so
that the rod is moved inwards when the butt is pressed against the shoulder.
The inner end of the rod is arranged to act on another catch or stop which
prevents the trigger acting till it is moved away, and the two apparatus above

page_text: explained are so combined that the rod of the latter cannot be moved inwards
until the projection of the former is depressed, the lever on which the pro-
jection is mounted also locking the rod of the second apparatus. Thus to
discharge the fire-arm the hand. must grasp the stock, the butt end of the
stock must be pressed against the shoulder, and the trigger must be pulled.