IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLERS TO BE USED IN. MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND MANUFACTURING WOOL, COTTON, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Tomlinson Bousfield, of Loughborough Park,
Brixton, in the County of Surrey, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN ROLLERS TO BE USED IN. MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND MANUFACTURING
WOOL, COTTON, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."-A communication from
abroad by Amos Taylor, residing in the United States of America.
Sealed the 8th September 1864, and dated the 9th March 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Tomlinson Bousfield
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th March 1864.
I, GEORGE TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Loughborough Park, Brixton, in
the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLERS TO BE USED IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND
MANUFACTURING WOOL, COTTON, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as
follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in rollers to be used in
machinery for spinning and manufacturing wool, cotton, and other fibrous
materials, and consists in constructing them in such manner that while the
inner or under body of the roll nearest the shaft or spindle is left in an elastic
state the outer circumference or face will be rigid, smooth, and impervious to

page_text: oil and other corroding substances. For this purpose there are placed upon
the shaft or spindle on which the roll is to be formed two discs, at a distance
apart corresponding to the width of the intended roll. Between the flanges
and around the shaft or spindle the roll is formed by filling the space between
the flanges with a preparation of gutta percha, india-rubber, or other similar
materials capable of being vulcanized as herein-after mentioned, said pre-
paration or materials are to be put on evenly around said shaft or spindle
unvulcanized, and in a semi-fluid or pliable state, until they extend slightly
beyond the circumference of the flanges, and the roll is then vulcanized. The
composition of gutta percha, india-rubber, or other elastic materials capable
of being vulcanized, compounded with sulphur and other materials in a manner
well known to persons skilled in the treatment of elastic gums, is either spread
in a semi-fluid state on cloth, or made into thin sheets, and the cloth or sheet
so prepared is cut into strips of the width equal to the length of the roll to be
formed and wound around the shaft or spindle until the formation of the roll
is completed. When strips of cloth are used, the last or outer layer, forming
the outer surface of the roll, should be of the prepared sheet without cloth.
The under layers or composition forming the under body of the roll should be
so prepared that the proportion of sulphur to the other materials should be
less that in the composition for the outer layer, so that when the same degree
of heat is applied to both in the vulcanizing process there will remain an
elasticity in the under or inner part of the roll, while the outer surface will be
as rigid as may be required, the elasticity being diminished under the action
of the heat applied in proportion as the proportion of sulphur is increased in
the composition.
..I do not wish to be understood as confining myself to spreading the
composition on cloth, or to thin sheets of such composition or preparation, as
the compound may be put on in thick sheets, and the roll may be formed of
one piece. Nor do I confine myself to forming the roll between the flanges,
as they may be entirely dispensed with, and the composition, spread on cloth
or in sheets or in one piece, may be placed around the shaft or spindle at the
point required and be then vulcanized. After the roll is thus formed between
the flanges on the shaft or spindle without the flanges, the whole composition
is vulcanized by applying the proper degree of heat to it in the manner well
known in the business of vulcanizing like compounds until the outer surface
of the roll attains the rigid state required. In the preparation or com-
pounds I use I find 270° Fahrenheit about the proper degree of heat
to be applied, but this, it will be seen, must be varied according to the
proportion of sulphur in the compounds. If when vulcanized as aforesaid

page_text: the surface of the roll should not be sufficiently smooth for the purpose to
which it is to be applied, it may be made so by turning, grinding, or buffing
in a lathe or otherwise.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Tomlinson Bousfield in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 8th September 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Loughborough Park, Brixton, in the County of Surrey,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight bundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, Her special licence that I, the said
George Tomlinson Bousfield, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should'
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLERS TO BE USED IN MACHINERY FOR
SPINNING AND MANUFACTURING WOOL, COTTON, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," &
communication to me from abroad by Amos Taylor, a person resident in the
United States of America, upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in rollers to be used in
machinery for spinning and manufacturing wool, cotton, and other fibrous
materials, and consists in constructing them in such manner that while the
.

page_text: inner or under body of the roll nearest the shaft or spindle is left in an elastic
state the outer circumference or face will bo rigid, smooth, and impervious to
oil and other corroding substances.
The construction and operation is as follows:-A is a shaft or spindle of
iron or other suitable metal with circumferential flanges a, a, and bearings 6, b.
The flanges a, a, are at a point on said shaft or spindle where the roll is
required to be formed and at the distance from each other necessary for the
length of the roll required, and the bearings b, b, are at the ends of the shaft
or spindle A for the purpose of connecting it with the machinery which
rotates it. Between the flanges a, a, around the shaft or spindle A, the roll B
is formed by filling the space between the flanges with a preparation of gutta
percha, india-rubber, or other similar materials capable of being vulcanized as
herein-after mentioned; said preparation or materials are to be put in evenly
around the said shaft or spindle unvulcanized and in a semi-fluid or pliable state
until they extend slightly beyond the circumference of the flanges and then
vulcanized. The composition of gutta percha, india-rubber, or other elastic
materials capable of being vulcanized compounded with sulphur and other
materials in a manner well known to persons skilled in the treatment of
elastic gums is either spread in a semi-fluid state on cloth or made into thin
sheets, and the cloth or sheet so prepared is cut into strips of the width equal
to the length of the roll to be formed and wound around the shaft or spindle
until the formation of the roll is completed. When strips of cloth are used,
the last or outer layer forming the outer surface of tho roll should be of the
prepared sheet without cloth. The underlayers or composition forming the
under body of the roll should be so prepared that the proportion of sulphur to
the other materials should be less than in the composition for the outer layer,
so that when the same degree of heat is applied to both in the vulcanizing
process there will remain an elasticity in the 'under or inner part of the roll,
while the outer surface will be as rigid as may be required, the elasticity being
diminished under the action of the heat applied in proportion as the proportion
of sulphur is increased in the composition. When making the roller of
gutta percha I prefer to treat it in the manner described in the Specification
of a Patent granted to W. A. Shepard, dated 7th November 1861, (No.
2800) and for the under layers I by preference combine one ounce of sulphur
with every pound of gutta percha, and for the outer layer I employ twice the
the proportion of sulphur.
I do not wish to be understood as confining myself to spreading the com-
position on cloth or to thin sheets of such composition or preparation, as
the compound may be put on in thick sheets and the roll may be formed

page_text: of one piece. Nor do I confine myself to forming the roll between the
flanges, as they may be entirely dispensed with, and the composition, spread
on cloth or in sheets or in one piece, may be placed around the shaft or
spindle at the point required and be then vulcanized. After the roll is thus
formed between the flanges on the shaft or spindle without the flanges the
whole composition is vulcanized by applying the proper degree of heat to it,
in the manner well known in the business of vulcanizing like compounds,
until the outer surface of the roll attains the rigid state required. In the pre-
paration or compounds I use, I find 270° Fahrenheit about the proper degree
of heat to be applied, but this it will be seen must be varied according to
the proportion of sulphur in the compounds. If when vulcanized as aforesaid
the surface of the roll should not be sufficiently smooth for the purpose to
which it is to be applied it may be made so by turning, grinding, or buffing
in a lathe or otherwise.
Having thus described the Invention for improved spinning and manu-
facturing rolls and the manner of constructing them, what I claim as the
Invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is, the construction of
such rolls by the combination in solid form of gutta percha, india-rubber, or
similar materials compounded and prepared as aforesaid with a shaft or spindle
of iron or other suitable metals, and in said form vulcanized in the part com-
posed of gutta percha, india-rubber, or other similar materials, as herein-before
set forth, thereby forming a roll complete in itself. Also obtaining by the
aforesaid means the harder and compact outer surface combined with the
inner elasticity, as herein-before described, the whole being rendered impervious
to the corroding or deleterious effects of oil.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this First day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
GEO. T. BOUSFIELD. (L.S.)