IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Isaac Whitesmith, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Machinist, and James Steven, also of Glasgow,
aforesaid, Factory Manager, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
Sealed the 25th October 1860, and dated the 14th June 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Isaac Whitesmith and
James Steven at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 14th June 1860.
We, ISAAC WHITESMITH, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, Machinist,
and JAMES STEVEN, also of Glasgow, aforesaid, Factory Manager, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS-FOR
WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to various new and improved arrangements of looms,
principally applicable in the production of ornamental or fancy fabrics, such
as checks, twills, and open sheds or tarlatans. The differential action of the
shuttle drop box in check looms is regulated by the progressive movement of
an endless chain of perforated cards, which is mounted on a polygonal barrel,
blanks or stops being fastened over the perforations where a change of shuttle
is to be effected. This barrel turns freely on its axis, and is situated on the
upper end of a bent lever, which has its fulcrum on a stud near one end of
the breast beam of the loom, the lower end being connected in a suitable
manner with a crank stud on the end of the ordinary tappet shaft, so that as
that shaft rotates, the bent lever gives a reciprocating movement to the string
of cards which are turned through the space of one card at each movement

page_text: by means of a suitable detent. Another bent lever, the fulcrum of which is
by preference coincident with that of the first-named lever, is furnished at one
extremity exactly over the perforations in the pattern barrel and cards, with
a stop pin, which coming in contact with the blank cards from time to time
brings a hook or pall into operation so as to change the shuttle through the
medium of an aparatus now to be described, which forms one part of our
Invention, being applicable to a drop box arrangement for two shuttles. Con-
centric with the end of the ordinary rocking shaft is a stud, on which is a
toothed pinion. A crank stud is placed excentrically on the face of the pinion;
and carries the lower end of the connecting rod, which extends upwards to the
drop box. Another and larger pinion takes into the teeth of the former one.
The last-mentioned pinion wheel is furnished with a definite number of pro-
jections near its circumference, which are laid hold of whenever a change of
shuttle is required, by the hook or pall formerly described. This hook receives
its reciprocating motion from the tappet shaft. The rise and fall of the drop
box is effected by the turning of the first-mentioned pinion and crank stud,
the highest and lowest positions of the crank stud determining the amount of
rise or fall.
By a slight addition to the above arrangement it is rendered applicable to
a shot and shot loom, in which case a small shaft is extended from side to side
of the loom in the axis of the rocking shaft; the drop box on the one side is
actuated by a crank stud fastened to a disk or lever on the corresponding end
of the said shaft, and a pinion on the opposite end with a crank stud regulates
the movements of the corresponding drop box, the latter pinion being centred
loosely on said shaft. A second pinion is fastened near this end of the shaft.
Both of the said pinions take into corresponding wheels with projecting studs,
which are actuated by corresponding hooks, and a suitable arrangement of
cards. One of those hooks is actuated by the crank stud on the end of the
tappet shaft, the other by an excentric on the same shaft, the centres of the
excentric and crank stud being in opposite radii.
In looms for three or more shuttles we adopt, according to circumstances,
one of the three following arrangements for actuating the drop box, the
already described card movement being preserved in each case.
In the first of these arrangements the crank stud formerly described as
secured to the face of the small pinion concentric with the end of the rocking
shaft is instead secured to the outer edge of a ring, this ring being made to
work freely on the circumference of an excentric, whose excentricity is exactly
equal to the space of one shuttle cell, the distance from the edge of the
excentric to the centre of the sted on the ring being equal to one half of the

page_text: same space. The ring and excentric are mounted on the stud formerly
described as being concentric with the working shaft, and are severally fitted
with small pinion wheels, working concentric with the same stud, those pinions
taking respectively into the teeth of other two wheels of suitable diameter,
which are similar to the wheel with projecting studs formerly described. In
this case two palls or hooks are required to be actuated by the tappet shaft
with two levers, and corresponding stop pins as formerly described.
In the second of these arrangements for three or more shuttles the upper
portion of the mechanism is the same as last described. There are also two
large pinion wheels to be operated on by corresponding pails. Those two
wheels take respectively into two smaller wheels or pinions, each furnished
with a crank stud. Those two crank studs operate on one or more differential
levers suitably arranged in such a way as to bring the drop box to any desired
position.
In the third and last of those arrangements for three or more shuttles a
transverse lever is situated near the base of the loom on the many-shuttled
side outside the frame. The front end of said lever is connected in any
usual manner with the drop box; this lever has an adjustable fulcrum, and
at its extremity nearest to the back of the loom it is furnished with an anti-
friction pulley centred above, which on a stud fixed to the frame is a polygonal
pulley furnished with snugs or projections on one side, near the circumference.
This pulley is made to turn stiffly on the stud by means of an adjustable
friction disk. On the outer end of the tappet shaft is a cam or tappet
revolving with that shaft. A lever hanging from a fulcrum stud above, and
furnished with a weight or spring, has a constant tendency to press against the
cam, but when once pushed back by the cam it is held in that position by a
small catch. The catch is connected with and actuated by any suitable
pattern card arrangement. Upon a stud, situated near the middle of the
banging lever, is centred a pall or hook, which is of such a length that when
the lever is released by the lifting of the catch it takes hold of a corresponding
projection on the above-mentioned pulley, and as the cam turns round, the
polygonal pulley is turned through a space equal to one of its sides. Above
the polygonal pulley, at a variable distance, is another pulley, the use of
which is to tighten up the pattern tappets, now to be described. Those
pattern tappets consist of links of different heights, according to the shuttle
they may be required to bring into operation, and are made in such a manner
that they can be easily hooked together in the form of a flexible chain, and
unbooked at pleasure, without the necessity of having moveable joint pins.
Sufficient tappets to form one or more repeats of the order of rises and falls

page_text: of the drop box are hooked together as described, and put upon the two
pullies referred to. The polygonal pulley being put in motion by the cards
which regulate the pattern, the endless chain of tappets is brought to operate
on the drop box from time to time, as required. A foot lever with a flat end
towards the front of the loom is centered on a stud near the centre of the
frame, and is also furnished with a pall or hook at its back extremity.
The object of this lever is to enable the operative to give a reverse
direction to the pattern tappets when necessary to bring back any particular
shuttle.
The next part of our Invention refers to a duplex arrangement of cards
for governing the pattern in any check or twilling loom where cards are
applicable, and consists of two separate sets of cards arranged on two separate
barrels, which barrels may be worked independently on a common axis, or on
separate axles parallel to each other. The object of this duplex arrangement
is the production of long patterns, a handkerchief, for instance, with a com-
paratively small expenditure of cards. The one set of cards is mounted with
the proper blanks or stops to regulate the change of the shuttles, whilst the
other set of cards would usually have only one stop.
In the process of
working one set of cards is always stationary while the other is in operation,
and vice versa, the change from one of these conditions to the other being
regulated by the operation of suitable stops, which cause a properly arranged
pall or catch to turn over on the other set of cards, as predetermined.
The next part of our Invention relates to looms with a combined action, for
weaving twill and plain, the twill portion of which we propose to arrange in
three several ways according to the kind or variety of twill that may be
required. Our previously described improvements in check looms, together
with the pattern arrangements, are to a great extent available under different
circumstances in connexion with our improvements for twilling; we will
therefore confine our description to the latter.
The first of these improvements consists of a new arrangement which,
though applicable to the production of various twills, we, by preference, use
for a broken twill. In the internal part of the loom is a suitable framework
on which the principal parts are arranged. A transverse shaft revolves a
the same speed with the ordinary tappet shaft. Near the opposite end o
this transverse shaft is a duplex shedding tappet, which actuates a shedding
treaddle arranged underneath. Parallel to the above-mentioned transverse shaf
is a small tappet barrel, turning at half the speed of the transverse shaft. Thi
barrel, besides its continuous turning motion, has a motion in the direction o
its axis, regulated by a suitable connection with the pattern cards. In fron

page_text: of the tappet barrel are arranged a suitable number (of hanging catches,
which are suspended from the ends of quadrantal levers, to which the upper
parts of the treddles are connected. According to the position axially of the
tappet barrel, whilst it turns on its axis, the tappets push the corresponding
hanging catches forward in such a way that the formerly-described shedding
lever, by means of a stud fastened to its free end, carries down the prominent
catches in its descent, thus forming the predetermined shed, twill, or plain, as
the case may be.
The second improvement in combined twilling is accomplished by arranging
various sets of treaddles, with their corresponding shafts and tappets, and
driven at their proper velocity in any convenient manner, but in such a way
that the fulcra of the various sets are capable of being elevated or depressed
sufficiently to bring them readily in or out of contact with their respective
sets of tappets. In order to regulate this operation the fulcrum of each set
of treaddles is furnished with a long pin or stud fitting into vertical slots in.
the heel bracket, and its ends projecting so as to allow of small antifriction
pullies. A stout shaft is made to pass along underneath the line of the
fulcra. This shaft has a pair of star tappets at each fulcrum, which are
secured to the shaft exactly under the antifriction pullies. The hollows of the
one set of star tappets are set opposite the rises or projections of the other,
so that when the shaft is turned round through a certain angle in any con-
venient manner, the one set of treaddles is brought into action exactly at the-
moment that the other set is thrown out of action, and vice versa. Those two
sets may be respectively twill and plain, or they may be different kinds of
twill.
In another portion of this part of our Invention the different sets of
treaddles are constructed as above, but the fulcra are raised and lowered by a
double crank, or two separate cranks placed above or below the fulcra, and;
connected therewith by means of suitable links.
64
The next part of our Invention relates to an improved arrangement of an:
open shed" or "tarlatan" loom, the shedding tappet for which is made to
slide longitudinally on the shaft, and is formed with a cylindrical portion at.
one or both ends of the same radius as the large side of tappet, and with a.
cylindrical portion in the centre between the two sections of the tappet of the
same radius as the small side of the tappet. By means of this tappet and
any suitable pattern-governing arrangement either shed can be kept opens
during pleasure without the necessity of drawing aside the truck pullies or
locking the treaddles.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Isaac Whitesmith and James Steven in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 14th December 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ISAAC
WHITESMITH, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, Machinist, and JAMES
STEVEN, also of Glasgow, Factory Manager, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord
Eighteen hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her reign, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said Isaac
Whitesmith and James Steven, Her special license that we, the said Isaac
Whitesmith and James Steven, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as we, and our foresaids, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Isaac Whitesmith and
James Steven, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Isaac Whitesmith and James Steven,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement, that is to say :-
Our Invention relates to various new and improved arrangements of looms,
principally applicable in the production of ornamental or fancy fabrics, such as
checks, twills, and open sheds or tarlatans. The differential action of the
shuttle drop-box in check looms is regulated by the progressive movements of
an endless chain of perforated cards, which is mounted on a polygonal barrel,
blanks or stops being fastened over the perforations where a change of shuttle
is to be effected. This barrel turus freely on its axis, and is situated on the
upper end of a bent lever which has its fulcrum on a stud near one end of the
breast beam of the loom, the lower end being connected in a suitable manner
with a crank stud on the end of the ordinary tappet shaft, so that as that shaf
rotates the bent lever gives a reciprocating movement to the string of cards

page_text: which are turned through the space of one card at each movement by means
of a suitable detent. Another bent lever, the fulcrum of which is, by prefer-
ence, coincident with that of the first-named lever, is furnished at one
extremity, exactly over the perforations in the pattern barrel and cards, with
a stop pin, which, coming in contact with the blank cards, from time to time
brings a hook or pall into operation, so as to change the shuttle through the
medium of an apparatus now to be described, which forms one part of our
Invention, being applicable to a drop-box arrangement for two shuttles.
Concentric with the end of the ordinary rocking shaft is a stud on which is
a toothed pinion. A crank stud is placed excentrically on the face of the
pinion, and carries the lower end of the connecting rod which extends upwards
to the drop-box. Another and larger pinion takes into the teeth of the former
one. The last-mentioned pinion, which is furnished with a definite number
of projections near its circumference which are laid hold of whenever a change
of shuttle is required, by the hook or pall formerly described. This hook
receives its reciprocating motion from the tappet shaft. The rise and fall of
the drop-box is effected by the turning of the first-mentioned pinion and crank
stud, the highest and lowest portions of the crank stud determining the amount
of rise or fall.
By a slight addition to the above arrangement it is rendered applicable to a
shot-and-shot loom, in which case a small shaft is extended from side to side-
of the loom in the axis of the rocking shaft; the drop-box on the one side is.
actuated by a crank stud fastened to a disk or lever on the corresponding end
of the said shaft, and a pinion on the opposite end with a crank stud regulates.
the movements of the corresponding drop-box, the latter pinion being centred
loosley on the said shaft; a second pinion is fastened near this end of the shaft..
Both of the said pinions take into corresponding wheels with projecting studs,
which are actuated by corresponding hooks and a suitable arrangement. of.
cards. One of those hooks is actuated by the crank stud on the end of the
tappet shaft, the other by an excentric on the same shaft, the centres of the
excentric and crank stud being 'in opposite radii.
In looms for three or more shuttles we adopt, according, to circumstances,
one of the three following arrangements for actuating the drop-box, the already
described card movement being preserved in each case.
In the first of these arrangements the crank stud formerly described as
secured to the face of the small pinion concentric with the end of the rocking
shaft, is, instead, secured to the outer edge of a ring, this ring being made to
work freely on the circumference of an excentric, whose excentricity is exactly
equal to the space of one shuttle cell,. the distance from the edge of the

page_text: excentric to the centre of the stud on the-ring being equal to one-half of the
.same space. The ring and excentric are mounted on. the stud formerly
described as being concentric with the rocking shaft, and are severally fitted
with small pinion wheels working concentric with the same stud, those pinions
taking respectively into the teeth of other two wheels of suitable diameter,
which are similar to the wheel with projecting studs formerly described. In
this case two palls or hooks are required to be actuated. by the tappet shaft
with two levers and corresponding stop pins, as formerly described.
In the second of these arrangements for three or more shuttles, the upper
portion of the mechanism is the same as last described; there are also two
large pinion wheels to be operated on by corresponding palls. Those two
wheels take respectively into two smaller wheels or pinions each furnished with
a crank stud.. Those two crank studs operate on one or more differential
levers suitably arranged in such a way as to bring the drop box to any
desired position.
In the third and last of those arrangements for three or more shuttles, a
transverse lever is situated near the base of the loom, on the many-shuttled
side outside the frame. The front end of said lever is connected in any usual
manner with the drop-box; this lever has an adjustable fulcrum, and at its
extremity nearest to the back of the loom it is furnished with an antifriction
pulley, centred above which, on a stud fixed to the frame, is a polygonal
pulley furnished with snugs or projections on one side near the circumference.
This pulley is made to turn stiffly on the stud by means of an adjustable
friction disk. On the outer. end of the tappet shaft is a cam or tappet revolving
with that shaft; a lever, hanging from a fulcrum stud above, and furnished
with a weight or spring, has a constant tendency to press against the cam, but
when once pushed back by the cam it is held in that position by a small catch;
the catch is connected with and actuated by any suitable pattern-card arrange-
ment. Upon a stud, situated near the middle of the hanging lever, is centred
a pall or hook, which is of such length that, when the lever is released by the
lifting of the catch, it takes hold of a corresponding projection on the above-
. mentioned pulley, and as the cam turns round the polygonal pulley is turned
through a space equal to one of its sides. Above the polygonal pulley, at a
variable distance, is another pulley, the use of which is to tighten up the
pattern tappets now to be described. Those pattern tappets consist of links of
different heights.according to the shuttle they may be required to bring into
operation, and are made in such a manner that they can be easily booked
together in the form of a flexible chain, and unhooked, at pleasure without
the necessity of having moveable joint pins; sufficient tappets to form one

page_text: or more repeats of the order of rises and falls of the drop-box are hooked
together, as described, and put upon the two pullies referred to; the polygonal
pully being put in motion by the cards which regulate the pattern, the endless
chain of tappets is brought to operate on the drop-box from time to time, as
required. A foot lever with a flat end towards the front of the loom is
centred on a stud near the centre of the frame, and is also furnished with a
pall or hook at its back extremity; the object of this lever is to enable tho
operative to give a reverse direction to the pattern tappets when necessary to
bring back any particular shuttle.
The next part of our Invention refers to a duplex arrangement of cards for
governing the pattern in any check or twilling loom where cards are appli-
cable, and consists of two separate sets of cards arranged on two separate
barrels, which barrels may be worked independently on a common axis, or on
separate axles parallel to each other. The object of this duplex arrangement
is the production of long patterns, a handkerchief, for instance, with a com-
paratively small expenditure of cards. The one set of cards is mounted with
the proper blanks or stops to regulate the change of the shuttles, whilst the
other set of cards would usually have only one stop. In the process of working
one set of cards is always stationary while the other is in operation, and vice
versa; the change from one of these conditions to the other being regulated by
the operation of suitable stops, which cause a properly arranged pall or catch
to turn over on the other set of cards as predetermined.
The next part of our Invention relates to looms, with a combined action for
weaving twill and plain, the twill portion of which we arrange in three several
ways, according to the kind or variety of twill that may be required. Our
previously described improvements in check looms, together with the pattern
arrangements, are to a great extent available under different circumstances in
connection with our improvements for twilling. We will therefore confine our
description to the latter.
The first of those improvements consists of a new arrangement, which
though applicable to the production of various twills, we by preference use for
a broken twill. In the internal part of the loom is a suitable framework, on
which the principal parts are arranged. A transverse shaft revolves at the
same speed with the ordinary tappet shaft; near the opposite end of this trans-
verse shaft is a duplex shedding tappet, which actuates a shedding treddle
arranged underneath. Parallel to the above-mentioned transverse shaft is a
small tappet barrel turning at half the speed of the transverse shaft. This
barrel, besides its continuous turning motion, has a motion in the direction of
its axis regulated by a suitable connection with the pattern cards.
In front

page_text: of the tappet barrel are arranged a suitable number of hanging catches, which
are suspended from the ends of quadrantal levers to which the upper parts of
the beddles are connected. According to the position axially of the tappet
barrel, whilst it turns on its axis, the tappets push the corresponding hanging
catches forward in such a way that the formerly described shedding lever, by
means of a stud fastened to its free end, carries down the prominent catches in its
descent, thus forming the predetermined shed, twill, or plain, as the case may be.
The second improvement in combined twilling is accomplished by arranging
various sets of treddles with their corresponding shafts and tappets, and driven
at their proper velocity in any convenient manner, but in such a way that the
fulcra of the various sets are capable of being elevated or depressed sufficiently
to bring them readily in or out of contact with their respective sets of tappets.
In order to regulate this operation the fulcrum of each set of treddles is
furnished with a long pin or stud fitting into vertical slots in the heel bracket,
and its ends projecting so as to allow of small antifriction pullies. A stout
shaft is made to pass along underneath the line of the fulcra. This shaft has
a pair of star tappets at each fulcrum, which are secured to the shaft exactly
under the antifriction pullies. The hollows of the one set of star tappets are
set opposite the rises or projections of the other, so that when the shaft is
turned round through a certain angle in any convenient manner, the one set of
treddles is brought into action exactly at the moment that the other set is
thrown out of action, and vice versa. Those two sets may be respectively twill
and plain, or they may be different kinds of twill.
In another portion of this part of our Invention the different sets of treddles
are constructed as above, but the fulcra are raised and lowered by a double
crank, or two separate cranks, placed above or below the fulcra and connected
therewith by means of suitable links.
<
The next part of our Invention relates to an improved arrangement for an
open shed" or "tarlatan" loom, the shedding tappet for which is made to
slide longitudinally on the shaft, and is formed with a cylindrical portion at
one or both ends, of the same radius as the large side of the tappet, and with
a cylindrical portion in the centre between the two sections of the tappet of
the same radius as the small side of the tappet. By means of this tappet
and any suitable pattern governing arrangement, either shed can be kept open,
during pleasure, without the necessity of drawing aside the truck pullies or
locking the treddles.
In order to illustrate the foregoing description of our Invention, we have
appended hereto two Sheets of Drawings now to be explained.
Figure 1, on Sheet First, is an elevation, or side view, of a loom fitted with

page_text: one modification of our improvements as applied to the working of not more
than two shuttles; and Figure 2, on the same Sheet, is a plan of part of the
same loom. In these Figures, A is the frame of the loom; B, the lathe, which
has fitted to it at one end a two-celled shuttle drop-box C; that box slides up
and down in a frame D of ordinary construction. The pattern mechanism
whereby the drop-box is moved so as to bring the shuttles into action in a
predetermined order primarily receives its motion from the ordinary tappet
shaft E. Upon the end of the tappet shaft is a radial arm F, with a crank
stud G on its outer face, on which stud are centred the connecting rod H and
the long hook I. The connecting rod H communicates motion through the
stud J to the bell-crank lever K near its lower end; that lever swings on its
fulcrum L, which is supported by the bracket M. Another stud N at the
front end of the same bracket serves as a fulcrum for the pall 0, and a
support for the stop lever P; the stop lever has its fulcrum on the before-
mentioned stud L, and is furnished with an adjustable stop pin Q. Another
lever R is fixed to the stop lever, and carries on its lower end a stud
and one or more antifriction pullies S. The upper arm of the bell-crank
lever K has the form of an open frame, so as to carry the axle of the
pattern barrel or card barrel T, which axle has on its inner end a star.
or ratchet wheel m, into the teeth of which the pall O takes, so as to
turn the card barrel through a space equal to one card at each stroke;
V is a toothed pinion free to revolve on a stud, whose axis is in or nearly
in the same straight line with the axis of the rocking shaft of the loom;
W is a pinion turning stiffly on the stud X, and gearing with V; in the
example shewn in the Drawing it has twice as many teeth as V has;.
Y, Y, Y, Y, are four equidistant studs, projecting from one of the faces of W;
Z is a crank stud, secured to the outer face of the pinion V; the distance
from the centre of Z to the axis of the stud on which V turns is one half of
the depth of one shuttle cell. The crauk stud Z carries the lifting rod a,
which supports the before-mentioned drop box C. 6 is a plate spring, fixed
to a bracket c, and pressing firmly on the pully S. The dotted lines marked
with the accented letters R', S', and 6', shew other positions of the pieces R, S,
and b. So long as these pieces continue in the positions marked by the un-
accented letters, the pully S supports the end of the hook I, so as to keep it
clear of the studs Y, and that hook moves back and forward: with each
revolution of the shaft E without producing any change in the positions of the
drop-box. The card barrel T moves up and down with each revolution of the
shaft E, but so long as each card successively brought uppermost by the action
of the pall O has a perforation opposite the stop pin Q, that pin is not acted

page_text: on, and the position of R continues unchanged. When a change of shuttle is
required, a card not perforated or having its perforation stopped is brought
uppermost, and when the card barrel rises, that card acting on the stop pin Q
shifts the lever R, pully S, and spring 6, into the positions marked R', S', '.
'The pully being thus removed from below, the hook I allows that hook to drop
and lay hold of one of the studs Y, and pull the pinion W round through one
quarter of a turn. The pinion W drives the pinion V round through half a
turn, and thus reverses the position of the stud Z, so that the drop box C is
moved from its higher position to its lower, or from its lower position to its
higher, as the case may be. When the card barrel descends the spring b
presses the pully S and lever R back to their original position. Eccentrics
may be substituted for the crank studs G and Z, and other proportions than
that of two to one may be employed for the number of teeth in the pinions W
and V, so long as the number of the studs marked Y and the stroke of the
hook I are so adjusted that for every time that the hook lays hold of a stud
the pinion V shall be turned through half a revolution.
The application of our Invention to what is called a "shot-and-shot" loom
is illustrated by Figures 3 and 4 (Sheet First). Figure 3 is a front elevation,
and Figure 4 a side elevation, of part of a loom. Several of the parts in these
Figures are similar to corresponding parts in Figures 1 and 2, and are marked
with the same letters, so that it is unnecessary to specify them again in detail.
On the tappet shaft E, in addition to the crank F, with its stud G, is an
eccentric e, whose centre is in the radius opposite to that of the crank arm.
fis the ring of that eccentric connected with the hook I', which is similar to
the before described hook I in its form and action. The mechanism of
transmitting the action of the pattern cards to the second hook 1' consists of
the
the following pieces:-The stop lever P', the stop pin Q', the lever R",
antifriction pully S", and the spring b"; and those pieces are similar in form
and action to the corresponding pieces already described, which act on the first
hook I, with the exception of the spring b", which has some peculiarities to be
described further on. The first book I acts when required on the studs
Y, Y, Y, Y, of the pinion W. The pinion W drives the pinion V, and the
stud Z on the latter pinion lifts or lowers the drop-box at the nearer side of
the loom, in the manner already stated in describing Figures 1 and 2. The
pinion W is similar to W, and turns independently of it about the same
axis X; it has four studs Y', Y', Y', Y', which, when required, are acted on
by the second hook I'; it takes into the pinion V'. This pinion is made fast
upon the shaft i, about which the before-mentioned similar pinion V turns
loosely. The shaft i is concentric with the rocking shaft through a hollow in

page_text: which it passes to the further side of the loom, and there carries a disc and
a crank stud Z; this crank stud supports the lifting rod a', partly shewn of
the drop box at the further side of the loom, which it is unnecessary to show,
and thus that drop box is raised and lowered when required by the action of
the hook I', transmitted through the pinions W' and V' just as the nearer
drop box is raised and lowered when required by the action of the hook I
transmitted through the pinions W and V, as stated in the description of
Figures 1 and 2. It must now be considered that as the direct action of the
card barrel, whereby the position of the nearer drop box is regulated, takes
place at every second pick or shot of the loom only, it is necessary to have
some means of operating on the further drop-box to suit the intermediate
picks. This is accomplished as follows:-The plate spring b" is recurved
near its outer end, as shewn in Figure 4, in such a way that when the lever R"
is moved forward by the action of the card barrel into the position shewn in
the Figure it is retained in that position by the dropping down of the recurved
part of the spring upon the pully S" until the return stroke of the eccentric
causes the hook l' to lay hold of one of the studs marked Y', and so to turn
the pinion W' and shift the further drop box as before stated. A hook d, free
to nove on the same stud with the pully S", is of such a length, that in the
position of the mechanism shewn in Figure 4 its backward or hooked end
reaches just beyond the further of the upper two of the studs marked Y'.
When the wheel W' is pulled round, that stud pulls back the lever R" by
means of the hook d until that lever is brought under the influence of the
slightly curved part of the spring 6", which then holds it steady by pressing on
the pully S" in the same way that the spring & holds the lever R. The bent
spring presses against the teeth of the star or ratchet wheel of the card
barrel, in order to keep it steady. The pattern in this loom may be regulated
by a simple chain of cards, as in Figures 1 and 2, having blanks or holes
opposite the stop pins Q and Q', according to the changes of shuttle required.
The double set of cards shewn in the Figure belong to a part of our Invention
which will be described further on.
Figure 5 (Sheet First) shows a modified arrangement for a shot-and-shot
loom, with two cells in each drop-box; and Figure 6 (Sheet First) a modified
arrangement for a shot-and-shot loom, with four cells in each drop-box. In
each of those Figures A is part of the framing of the loom; W, a pinion, with
studs Y, acted upon in the same way with the pinions marked with the same
letter in the preceding Figures. This pinion drives the pinion V, which is
fixed on the shaft o; that shaft extends completely across the loom, and has

page_text: tappets on its ends, one of which is shewn at n. The lever has its fulcrum
atq; it carries an antifriction roller r, which rests on the tappet n, and at its
end it supports one of the drop-boxes by means of the lifting rod a, so that the
positions taken by that drop-box depend on the radii of the parts of the
tappet, which are successively brought under the roller ». The apparatus at
the further end of the shaft o for supporting and shifting the other drop-box,
is similar in its form and action, and is therefore not shewn. The preceding
description applies alike to Figure 5 and Figure 6. The following are the
points in which they differ :-In Figure 5 the tappet n, suited for two-celled
drop-boxes, consists of parts having two different radii, and the pinion W has
two-thirds of the number of teeth in the pinion V. In Figure 6 the tappet 1,
suited for four-celled drop-boxes, consists of parts having four different radii,
and the pinion W has one-third of the number of teeth in the pinion V. Those
proportions can be varied according to the number of shuttles.
Figure 7 (Sheet First) shews in perspective a general view of the apparatus
of which the details have been shewn in Figure 5, and corresponding parts
are marked with the same letters. It also shews one modification of the
picking apparatus, by which the shuttles are thrown in due order, and which
is as follows: E is the ordinary tappet shaft of the loom carrying the tappets
v, v, by whose action on arms projecting from the picking shafts u, u, the
ordinary picking action is effected. s is a shaft, with the lifting tappets t, t,
respectively situated under the footsteps of the picking shafts u, u. Those
steps are made to move freely up or down, and rest on the contour of the
tappets, so that when the rise or projection of either tappet is brought to act
on the footstep that rests on it, the corresponding picking shaft is lifted out
of the way of the corresponding picking tappet v, which passes round without
effecting a picking action. It is preferred to connect the arrangement for
shifting the drop-boxes with this sequential picking arrangement by means of
the pair of bevel wheels, the shaft w, and the pair of bevel wheels
y,
last of which latter pair of wheels is made fast on the shaft s; the whole com-
bination being actuated by the hook, which, as formerly described, pulls the
wheel W round when a change of shuttles is required; but should circum-
stances make it preferable, a continuous action can be obtained by connecting
the shaft s with the ordinary tappet shaft E by means of the pair of spur
wheels marked z, it being understood that when this pair of wheels is used the
action of the cards is to be suspended.
the
Figure 8 is a section, and Figure 9 an elevation of the first arrangement
referred to in this Specification for working four shuttles on one side of the loom ;

page_text: A is part of the framing of the loom; W, W', are two equal pinions turning
independently upon the same centre stud X, and actuated through the studs
marked respectively Y and Y', in a manner and by apparatus similar to that
formerly described, and already shewn in Figures 1 and 2. The stud X bas
secured to it between the pinions W, W', the friction disc X', with a piece of
leather or other suitable material on either side of it. By screwing up the jam
nuts X", any required degree of stiffness can be given to the motion of the
pinions W, W. A similar arrangement for giving stiffness may be introduced
into any one of the modifications of our Invention. V and V₁ are smaller
pinions turning independently about one axis, and gearing with W and W1
respectively. For each time that W is pulled by its hook it turns V round
through half a revolution. For each time that W₁ is pulled by its hook it
turis Vround through half a revolution. The eccentric V" is fixed on one.
end of a long socket, seen in Figure 8, which passes easily through the
pinion V, and has the pinion V₁ fixed on its other end, so that when that
pinion is turned half round the position of the eccentric is reversed. The
ring V, which is free to revolve on the eccentric, has a projection on
its inner side taking loosely into a radial slit on the outer face of the
pinion V, so that when that pinion is turned half round the position of the ring
is reversed. From the outer side of the ring projects the stud Z, which carries
the lifting rod a that supports the drop-box, and by combining the two posi-
tions of the eccentric V", with the two positions of the ring V, four different
positions marked respectively Z, Z, Z", Z, can be given to that stud, so as
to bring four different shuttles into operation in the order regulated by the action
of a suitable chain of pattern cards on two stop pins, such as those marked
Q, Q', in Figures 3 and 4.
Figure 10 (Second Sheet) is an elevation, and Figure 11 (Sheet Second) a
plan of the second arrangement referred to in this Specification, as adapted to
work four shuttles. The pinions W, W, with their studs, marked respec-
tively Y and Y, are actuated in the manner before described. They take
respectively into the smaller pinions V and V, so that when W is pulled by
its hook, V turns half round, reversing the position of the stud Z, and when
W is pulled by its hook, V₁ turns half round, reversing the position of the
stud Z', but V and V' now turn about different axes. The stud Z' forms a
moveable fulcrum for the differential lever p, through a slot near the middle
of which passes the stud Z, and by combining the two positions of Z with the
two positions of Z', four different positions are given to the stud Z" that
traverses a slot at the other end of the lever. The lowest of those positions

page_text: is drawn in full lines, and the other three in dotted lines. The stud Zu
carries the lifting rod a of the drop-box, to which four positions can thus be
given, so as to bring into action four shuttles in the order regulated by the
action of the pattern cards on two stop pins, such as those marked Q, Q', in
Figures 3 and 4. In the elevation Figure 10 W is hidden behind W.
Figure 12 (Sheet Second) is an elevation of a modification of the apparatus
just described, adapted to work three shuttles, the only difference between
Figure 10 and Figure 12 being, that in Figure 12 the stud Z is brought so
much nearer to the centre of the pinion V than Z is to the centre of Vi
that although the lever has four different positions, marked by dotted lines,
the stud Z", which carries the lifting rod has only three different positions.
The apparatus just described, as applied to three or four shuttles, is modified
so as to suit a greater number in the following manner-Instead of carrying
the stud Z which supports the drop-box, the differential lever p is made to
carry the moveable fulcrum of a second differential lever, one end of which is
actuated by a third pair of pinions, and a third hook regulated by the pattern
cards, as herein-before described. The other end of the second differential
lever carries the stud which supports the drop-box, and which is now capable
of assuming five, six, seven, or eight different positions according to the way
in which the positions of the studs on the pinions are proportioned, and thus
the apparatus is adapted to numbers of shuttles from five to eight inclusive.
A fourth differential lever, with its pinions and other actuating and regulating
mechanism, adapts the loom to numbers of shuttles, from nine to sixteen
inclusive, and so on.
Figure 13 (in Sheet Second) represents a side elevation of part of a loom,
fitted with the third arrangement referred to in this Specification for working
three or more sluttles at one side of the loom. A is the frame of the looni;
B is a transverse lever, baving an adjustable fulcrum shewn near the letter 13,
which can be shifted until the apparatus works accurately. At its front end,
which is nearly in a line with the axis of the rocking shaft, this lever carries
the lifting rod C, which supports the drop-box D. In the example shewn in
the Drawing the drop-box contains four cells marked ', 12, 1, 1. Near the
back end of the lever B it carries the antifriction pully E, and at its extremity
the helical spring F is attached to it in order to steady its motion. I
required, the lever may be arched as at G to give it additional stiffness
Directly above the antifriction pully E is a polygonal or notched pully H
turning on a stud I with a degree of stiffness which may be adjusted in the
manner herein-before described. Above is a second polygonal or notche

page_text: pully J, turning upon a stud which can be fixed at any required position in
the slot K, so as to tighten sufficiently the chain of pattern tappets. Those
pattern tappets, marked L', L, L, L, in the Figure, consist of links of
different heights, suited to the respective shuttles, which they are required to
bring into operation by acting through the pully E, lever B, and rod C, so
as to regulate the elevation of the drop-box D. They are made of such
shapes that they can be easily hooked together in the form of a flexible chain,
and unhooked at pleasure without the necessity of using moveable joint pins.
Examples of those shapes are given of the full size in Figures 14, 15, 16,
and 17 (Sheet Second), Figures 14 and 15 being edge views, and Figures 16
and 17 side views of two tappets of different heights. Each tappet is con-
plete in one piece, being made wide enough at one end to receive the narrow
end of the succeeding tappet.
At the wide end is a fixed transverse wire or
pin n, upon which the notch marked m in the next tappet is hooked. The
chain may consist of enough of tappets to cause, as may be most convenient,
one, two, or more repeats of the series of rises and falls of the drop-box
required to produce the pattern. Motion is given, when required, to the
pully H, and consequently to the chain of tappets, in the following manner :-
On the outer end of the ordinary tappet shaft N is a cam O revolving with
that shaft; a lever P, hanging from a fulcrum stud Q, is so loaded with a
weight R (for which a spring might be substituted) that it has a constant
tendency to move towards the cam and press against it; but when once.
pushed back by the cam it is held in that position by the catch S laying hold
of the pin T at its lower end. This catch has its fulcrum at U, and is con-
nected at its other end by the wire V with the stop lever W, from which, as
in the looms previously described, a stop pin projects towards the card barrel k,.
that barrel being carried by a bell crank lever j, j, which receives a recipro-
cating motion from the tappet shaft N by means of the crank h and rod i.
The card barrel and chain of cards require no special description here as to
their form and action. Upon the stud Y, situated near the middle of the
hanging lever P is centred the hook or pall X. The pully H has fixed to it
a disc, at the farther side of which, at distances apart corresponding to the
length of the pattern tappets are a series of studs. These are shewn in the
Drawing by dotted circles, and three of them are marked M, M", M. The
hook X has a small projecting stud at Z.
The condition of the loom as shewn in the Drawing represents the antifric-
tion pulley E as pressing against a tappet link Le corresponding to the shuttle
cell. Should a change of shuttle be required, a blank or stopped pattern card
B

page_text: acting through the stop lever W and wire V lifts the catch S, and releases
the hanging lever P; the weight R causes that lever to swing towards the
shaft N carrying with it the hook X, which slips over and lays hold of the
stud M", so that when the cam O in revolving pushes the lever P back to its
original position, that lever through the hook X and stud M" turns the
pully through a space sufficient to make a new link L³ in the chain of
pattern tappets act through the antifriction pully E, lever B, and lifting rod C
upon the drop-box D, a foot lever a with a flat end c towards the front of the
loom is centred on a stud b near the centre of the frame, and furnished with
a pall or hook dat its back extremity. The object of this lever is to enable
the operative to give a backward motion to the chain of pattern tappets when
required, in order to bring back any particular shuttle. When its front end c
is depressed with the foot, its back end rises, and by means of the stud Z lifts
the hook X clear of the studs of the pully E, while at the same time the
hook & lays hold of one of those studs and turns the pully the reverse
way. The lever a when not in use is held by the spring e against the stud f.
The stud g prevents its being depressed too far. This reversing apparatus
may be used in other modifications of our Invention.
The duplex arrangement of pattern cards herein-before mentioned is illus-
trated by Figures 3 and 4 (Sheet First) and by Figures 18 and 19 (Sheet
Second). In Figures 3 and 4 T is the ordinary pattern barrel formerly
described with its set of cards g. The double bell crank lever K is made
sufficiently wide between the arms to receive an additional barrel 1, which
carries the second set of cards h and turns freely on the axle z, whereas the
barrel T is fixed to that axle ; m is the star wheel of the first, and m³ that of
the second barrel, into either of which the hook or catch 4 is made to take as
circumstances may require. The tripod fixing 3 is secured to the stud N. The
hook 4 is made fast on the pin 5, which is free to slide longitudinally through
two sides of the fixing 3. The three-ended lever 6 is furnished with stop
pins 7 and 8, one at each of its lateral ends, and is centred on the stud 9, which
is secured to the back portion of the fixing 3. A plate spring 10 is fastened
at one end to the upper part of 3, and is furnished near its other end with the
wedge-shaped piece 11, the latter pressing against the upper end of the lever
6, and serving to keep it steady in either of its positions. A pin or piece of
wire 12 is secured near the upper end of 6, its opposite extremity passing
freely through the upper end of the hook 4. A small flat spring 13 is secured
at its back extremity to a cross bar in the lever K, the other end extending
forward in such a manner that when the pattern barrels are at the owest

page_text: part of their stroke (or in the position shewn in the Drawing) the forward end
of 13 corresponds with a notch in the back edge of the hook 4.
The opera
tion is as follows:-The condition represented in the Drawing is that the sct
of pattern cards g having made a circuit regulating the intricate portion of
the pattern, has by the action of a blank or stop (such as 15 in Figure 3)
through the stop pin 8 on the lever 6 shifted the hook 4 from the star wheel
m of the barrel T to the star wheel m' of the barrel 1, so that T stands still
and 1 revolves. This state of things continues until the stop or blank 14 in
the set of cards h reaches the top of the barrel 1, and acts on the stop pin 7,
thereby tilting over the lever 6, so that its upper end passes to the opposite
slope of the wedge 11 carried by the spring 10. The pressure of that spring
makes the lever 6 tend to push the hook 4 over to the star wheel m, and
away from m', but the spring 13 stops the hook 4 about midway, so that as the
barrels are carried downward by the arms of the bell crank lever K, that
hook acts on both star wheels at once, and turns both barrels through the
space of one card.
As soon as the spring 13 arrives opposite the notch in
the hook 4, that hook completes its transverse movement, and continues
to act on the star wheel m of the barrel T alone, the barrel 1 standing
still until another blank stop, such as 15, again shifts the hook.
The object
of retaining the hook 4 by means of the spring 13, so that at each change of
its position it shall turn both barrels at once, is to remove the blank or stop
which caused the hook to shift.
Another arrangement in which the necessity of so turning both barrels
at once is dispensed with is represented in Figures 18 and 19 (Sheet Second).
Figure 18 is a side elevation, and Figure 19 is a front elevation; 16 is a
small shaft turning stiffly in its bearings. Two hooks, 17 and 18, hang loosely
near its middle, and two ratchet wheels, 19 and 20, of peculiar construction
are secured in the positions shewn; two levers 21 and 22 with suitable stop
pins, are centred on the stud L, they are also furnished with hooks, 23 and 24,
and with angular projections at 25. The two hooks, 17 and 18, have tails
extending upwards so as to rest on corresponding studs projecting from the
sides of the levers 21 and 22 at 26. The two ratchet wheels are arranged
in such a manner in reference to the projections on the under sides of the
levers 21 and 22 at 25 that when the projection of one lever is resting on the
top of a tooth the projection of the other is in a space of the corresponding
ratchet wheel; also the small studs at 26 are so placed that when the lever,
21 or 22 is raised to its highest possible position the corresponding hook 17
or 18 is drawn back so as not to turn the corresponding barrel. The con-

page_text: 5
dition of the apparatus shewn in the Drawing represents the barrel 1 as at
rest, and the barrel T as in operation. This goes on until the stop 27 lifts
the lever 22 when the hook 24 pulls the ratchet wheels 19 and 20 round
through a space equal to half their pitch, thus allowing the projection of the
lever 21 to drop into a space while a tooth coming opposite the projection of the
lever 22 prevents it from redescending. The lowering of 21 permits the hook
17 to act and turn the barrel 1, and the raising of 22 prevents the hook 18
from acting, and so stops the barrel T. The reverse operation is similar.
Figure 20 (Sheet Second) is a front elevation, and Figure 21 (Sheet Second)
is a side elevation of a combined twilling motion for twill and plain. The
essential parts only are represented. A is the ordinary frame of the loom ;
B, an auxiliary frame; 1 is the ordinary tappet shaft; 2,2, a pair of mitre
wheels driving the transverse shaft 4 at the same speed with the shaft 1 ;
and 6 are a pair of spur wheels driving the shaft 7 at half the speed of 4.
The shaft 4 can be fitted either with the tappets, 8 and 9, operating on the
treddles 11 and 12, or with the duplex tappet 10 (shewn separately in
Figure 22) when one treddle only is required. In the latter case we use 4
hooks, 13, 14, 15, 16; but in the case of using the two tappets 8 and 9, we
prefer to use two additional hooks, making six in all. The hooks pass through
slots in a bracket 17, and are suspended to the heddle mounting on the top of
the loom by the wires or cords 18. The springs 19 by their direction keep
the lower ends of the hooks from coming into contact with the studs 20 at the
ends of the treddles, except when pushed outwards by the tappet 21 carried by
the shaft or barrel 7; 22 is a bell-cranked lever with its upper end forked so as
to take into a groove on the end of the tappet barrel 7; its fulcrum is on a fixed
stud 23, it is pulled by the spring 24, so as to press its lower end firmly against
a notch at the lower end of the loaded bell-crank lever 25, which has its
fulcrum at 26. The wires 27 and 28 are connected to any of the pattern card
arrangements already described; when 28 is raised the pappet barrel 7 is
drawn endwise into such a position that the tappets 21 act on the hooks 13, &c.,
and cause them to lay hold of the studs 20 at the ends of the treddles, so as
to form any description of twill required within the capacity of the arrange-
ment. When 27 is raised the barrel 7 is pushed back to its original
position in which the tappets are so arranged as to take down one half of the
hooks in each downward stroke of the treddle, and the effect of this is to weave
plain until 28 is again raised.
The second arrangement herein-before referred to for combined twilling is
illustrated by Figures 23 and 24, (in Sheet Second). Figure 23 is an

page_text: elevation, and Figure 24 a plan. A is the frame of the loom; B, the
ordinary tappet shaft; 1 is a secondary tappet shift driven by the wheels 2 and
3 at half the speed of B; 4 is a set of twilling tappets, and 5 a corresponding
set of treddles, whose common fulcrum 6 is capable of being shifted by sliding
vertically in the slots of the double bracket 7; 8, is a set of plain tappets, and
8° a corresponding set of treddles, whose common fulcrum 9 is capable of
being shifted by sliding vertically in the slots of the double bracket 10; 11 is
a strong shaft, directly below the fulcra of the treddles, and carrying two pairs
of star tappets 12, 12, and 13, 13, the former for supporting the fulcrum 6 of
the twill treddles, the latter for supporting the fulcrum 9 of the plain treddles.
The projections of each pair of star tappets are placed opposite the recesses of
the other. The ends of the fulcra where they rest on the star tappets are
provided with antifriction rollers 14, 14, 14, 14. On the outer end of the
shaft 11 is a disc 15 furnished with twice as many studs as there are projections
in one star tappet. These studs are shewn by dotted circles in Figure 23, and
marked 16; they are acted upon so as to make the shaft 11 revolve by any
one of the pattern card arrangement herein-before described. By turning the
shaft 11 through an angle corresponding to half the interval between two
successive projections of a star tappet either set of treddles can be thrown into
action, and the other out of action when required. This arrangement though
here described with reference to twill and plain may be applied to any two
twills. Instead of star tappets the fulcra of the different sets of treddles may
be raised and lowered by a pair of opposite cranks as those shewn in Figure 25
(Sheet Second.)
Figures 26, 27, and 28 (Sheet Second), illustrate our Invention as applied
to an open shed or tarlatane loom, Figure 26 being a side elevation, and
Figures 27 and 28 plans.
A is part of the frame; C, the tappet shaft; B, the shedding tappet, which
may be made either as in Figures 26 and 27, or as in Figure 28. The
cylindrical part a is of the same radius as the smallest portion of the eccentric
parts; the cylindrical part 6 of the same radius as the largest portion of the
eccentric parts, and the whole slides longitudinally on the shaft C, so as to
bring either the cylindrical or the eccentric parts of the tappets to act on the
treddles D, D, as required. So long as the cylindrical parts act the treddles
remain stationary, and the shed stands open, so that any required number of
threads of weft can be thrown in, provided, of course, that one thread of warp
at each selvedge is raised and lowered at proper intervals to catch and secure
the weft shots, which can be done in any ordinary manner.
The longitudinal

page_text: shifting of the shedding tappet is performed by the forked lever K actuated
through the shaft L, lever J, rod I, crank stud H, and shaft G, by the pinions
V and W, which are similar in their construction and action to those formerly
described and marked with the same letters in Figure 1 and 2 of Sheet First.
and are controlled by the pattern cards in the same manner.
The details of the mechanism of the herein-before described apparatus may
be varied without departing from the principle of our Invention. We do not
claim the individual parts of the mechanism, except the "pattern tappets"
before mentioned, what we do claim as our Invention being as follows:-
First, apparatus for regulating the position of a two-celled shuttle drop-box
by a pair of toothed pinions and a hook or pall, governed in its action by
pattern cards.
Second, apparatus on the same principle for regulating the action of shot
and shot looms.
Third, apparatus on the same principle.for regulating the action of three or
four shuttles through a ring and eccentric.
Fourth, apparatus on the same principle for regulating the action of three
or any greater number of shuttles through one or more differential levers.
Fifth, apparatus on the same principle for regulating the action of any
number of shuttles through a flexible chain of pattern tappets.
Sixth, the pattern tappets whereof that chain is made up, as berein-before
described.
Seventh, the reversing apparatus for bringing back any shuttle.
Eighth, the use in regulating the pattern of a duplex arrangement or double
series of pattern cards, in which one series moves while the other stands still,
each series being set in motion at the required instant by the other series,
which immediately afterwards is itself stopped, and so on alternately.
Ninth, apparatus for regulating the action of such double series of cards, as
herein-before described.
Tenth, apparatus on the same principle with that claimed in the first clause
of this claim, for regulating through hanging catches the action of heddles, so
as to weave twill and plain, or different kinds of twill alternately.
Eleventh, apparatus on the same principle and for the same purposes,
acting through tappets upon treddles with moveable fulcra, so that one or
other set of treddles is brought into action as required.
Twelfth, apparatus on the same principle, and for the same purposes, in
which the before-mentioned moveable fulcra of the treddles are shifted by
means of cranks.

page_text: Thirteenth, apparatus on the same principle for regulating the action of a
open shed or tarlatane loom through a shedding tappet, which slides longi-
tudinally on the tappet shaft of the loom.
Fourteenth, the use of the longitudinally sliding shedding tappet for
regulating the action of loons.
In witness whereof, we, the said Isaac Whitesmith and James Steven,
have hereto set our hands and seals, this Twelfth day of December,
in the year of our Lord Eighteen hundred and sixty.
ISAAC WHITESMITH. (L.S.)
JAMES STEVEN.
(L.S.)