IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR SPINNING, COTTON, FLAX, JUTE, WORSTED, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS, ALSO FOR DOUBLING AND TWISTING THE J PRO SP
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Leyland, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster,
Spindle and Flyer Maker, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR SPINNING, COTTON, FLAX, JUTE, WORSTED,
AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS, ALSO FOR DOUBLING AND TWISTING THE
J
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Leyland at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd December 1881.
JOHN LEYLAND, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Spindle and Flyer
Maker. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR SPINNING
COTTON, FLAX, JUTE, WORSTED, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS, ALSO FOR
DOUBLING AND TWISTING THE SAME."
My Invention relates to improvements in the method of mounting, driving, and
lubricating spindles used in machines for spinning, doubling, and twisting cotton,
flax, jute, worsted, and other fibrous materials, and is as follows:-
I use a tube to contain the spindle and its bearings with their lubricant; this
tube I attach by means of a nut and collar, set screw, or other equivalents to either
the top rail (commonly called the bolster or neck rail) or footstep rail, or to both;
it may be either closed or open at the bottom end, or project above the level of top
bolster or neck rail, or come level with it, and end in a plate (described below) or
project through same, or end in or project through foot step rail. The said tube
contains bolster or top neck, footstep, and intermediate bearings, or bolster and
intermediate bearings only, its use or object being to steady the motion of the
spindle revolving in it and to contain lubricant, also preserve the same from
contact with waste water, grit, dirt, flax flowings, or other fibrous substances.
In the aforesaid tubes I fix bolsters or neck bearings for spinning, doubling, and
twisting spindles, to which they may be applicable, which are provided with flanges
or collars turned or cast on the outside; these bolsters, or necks and footsteps, may
be placed at the ends of the tube or be more approached to one another, so as to
leave part of the neck projecting beyond them at either end, and are provided with

page_text: grooves or slots on the collars or flanges on the outside, which may be vertical or
spiral, to allow the lubricant to flow freely in or out of the annular space or recess,
which is formed between the body of the spindle and inside of the tube, into which
they are fitted. I use one or more bearings similarly formed to bolster or neck
bearing described or otherwise, introduced between the bolster or neck boaring
and the footstep, their object or use being to steady the spindle from vibration
when running in them.
I make the wharves for driving the spindles of such a length that their points
of junction with the spindle may afford space for the introduction of waste water
spouts between their parts on which the driving bands are led and the builder or
bobbin lifter at its lowest point of traverse, and hollowed out or chambered, so that
any tube with its projecting bolster or neck may be introduced into them far
enough to onsure. perfect freedom from vibration of the spindle revolving in the
said tube.
I use a footstep rail with flanges cast on the edges of its upper side, or on the
front side or back side, or on the bottom side, so as to form a cavity or channel for
the lubricant; this rail may be strengthened by midfeathers cast or fitted into it
between and across the flanges, in which case holes are drilled or cored through the
said midfeathers to allow the lubricant to flow from one end of the footstep rail to
the other. The open side of this rail is covered with a bar, plate, or plates of cast
iron or other metallic materials, being secured by bolts or screws or otherwise to
suitably provided projections on the flanges of footstep rail. Between the har
plate or plates I introduce suitable luting or other equivalents to form a joint, so
that no lubricant may be lost through leakage. Inside this rail and between the
flanges I cast paps or bosses to receive the foot step bearings of the spindles, or in
lieu of paps a continuous ridge, which may be cast to or made loose and fixed in
from end to end of the rail for the same purpose.
The footstep rail need not be cast open the entire length, but mado with
openings a short distance of one another, the said openings only being covered
with metallic plates of suitable length, which can be taken off easily for the purpose
of cleaning out any impurities that may have settled, at the same time being
better to handle and make a tight joint.
In the covering plate or plates when fixed on the top side of the foot stop rail,
I cast or drill holes in them to receive my tubes, which may either project into the
cavity in the foot step rail or end level with the bottom side of plate or top flange
of the said rail, the junction of the tubes with plate, plates, or footstep rail, being
made oil tight by any convenient contrivance.
The top or bolstor and neck rail is made with flanges similar to the foot step rail
being covered with a plate or plates or other equivalents, which is drillod to allow,
the upper ends of my improved tubes to pass through and secured in any
convenient way.
At a point a little above the bottom of inside of top bolster or neck rail I drill
holes through the spindlo tubes, so that there is a complete and perfect circulation
of the lubricant through the channels of both rails and tubes of spindles, at the
same time any dirt or impurity in the lubricant is precipitated to the bottom of
top bolster or neck rail and foot step rail. In some cases I make the tubes
sufficiently long to project a suitable distance inside the cavity of footstep rail, in
the bottom of which I fix the footsteps for supporting the spindles; in the tube and
footstep or in the footstep alone I drill oil holes for the purpose of supplying the
spindle with lubricant from the oil reservoir or cavity in foot step rail.
The lubricant is poured into the footstep and bolster or neck rails by means of a
bell-mouthed tube, conveniently situated and protected at either end of spinning,
doubling, or twisting frame, or at any other suitable part of the rail. The said oil
tube is formed in whole or in part of glass, and is made so long that its mouth or
entrance is always above the highest point of contact of spindle and its neck
bearing; this oil tube serves as an indicator shewing the height of the oil or
lubricant in my tubes, there being free communication between it and every part

page_text: of the interior of every tube and spindle in one side or both sides of a spinning,
doubling, and twisting frame. If necessary the lubricant can be poured down one
of the spindle tubes by simply taking out a spindle, thereby dispensing with
the bell-mouthed glass tube, which can be made of ordinary gauge glass tubing,
and serve to indicate alone the height of the oil or lubricant in spindle tubes, top
bolster, or neck rail and footstep rail.
In another method I dispense with the oil cavity in the top and bottom rails herein-
before described, and fix each tube separately in the said rails, the bottom one being for
the purpose of supporting or carrying the tubes, the top rail for steadying the same
at top of tuba. For this purpose the top or bottom flange of the said rails aro
drilled or bored out to receive my improved tube, which is provided with the
aforesaid bolsters or necks for the spindle to revolve in, the bottom one being solid
at the bottom end, thus forming the footstep for the spindle to run in.
The bolsters or neck bearings are made with raised collars on the outside near
the top and bottom and provided with slots or grooves for the purpose of lubrication;
the annular space between the spindle and the inside of tube is provided with
oil for the purpose of self-lubricating, in which case cach spindle and tubo is
separate. The wharves are made as before described and form a cap or cover
for the top of spindle tube to protect the oil chamber from dirt, grit, flowings, or
other substances.
The footsteps are formed so as to allow a space or cavity below the bottom end
or foot of the spindle, which is communicated with through the slots or grooves;
this space is for the purpose of catching any dirt or sediment from the oil or
lubricant, which can be easily cleaned by taking the footstep or its support out.
To prevent the spindles lifting when the operation of " doffing" is being
performed, I place above the wharves a wire running the full length of the frame,
being held in fixings provided with holes and slots at convenient distances, the
slots and holes being for the purpose of removing the wire out of the way when
required for the purpose of taking the spindles out.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Leyland in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st June
1882.
18
JOHN LEYLAND, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Spindle and Flyer
Maker. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR SPINNING
COTTON, FLAX, JUTE, WORSTED, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS, ALSO FOR
DOUBLING AND TWISTING THE SAME."
My Invention relates to improvements in the method of mounting, driving and
lubricating spindles used in machines for spinning, doubling, and twisting cotton,
flax, jute, worsted, and other fibrous materials, and is as follows:-
I use a tube to contain the spindle and its bearings with their lubricant; this
tube I attach by means of a nut and collar, set screw, or other equivalents, to either
the top rail (commonly called the bolster or neck rail) or footstep rail, or to both;
it may be either closed or open at the bottom end, or project above the level of
top bolster or neck rail, or come level with it and end in a plate (described below),
or project through same, or end in or project through footstep rail. The said tube
contains bolster or top neck, footstep and intermediate bearings, or bolster and
intermediate bearings only, its use or object being to steady the motion of the
spindle revolving in it, and to contain lubricant, also preserve the same from
contact with waste water, grit, dirt, flax, flowings, or other fibrous substances.
In the aforesaid tubes I fix bolsters or neck bearings for spinning, doubling, and
twisting spindles to which they may be applicable, which are provided with flanges
or collars turned or cast on the outside; these bolsters or necks and footsteps may
be placed at the ends of the tube or be more approached to one another, so as to
leave part of the neck projecting beyond them at either end, and are provided with
grooves or slots on the collars or flanges on the outside, which may be vertical or
spiral, to allow the lubricant to flow freely in or out of the annular space or recess
which is formed between the body of the spindle and the inside of the tube into
which they are fitted. I use one or more bearings similarly formed to bolster or
neck bearing described or otherwise introduced between the bolster or neck
bearing and the footstep, their object or use being to steady the spindle from
vibration when running in them.
I make the wharves for driving the spindles of such a length that their points
of junction with the spindle may afford space for the introduction of waste water
spouts between their parts on which the driving bands are led and the builder or
bobbin lifted at its lowest point of traverse, and hollowed out or chambered so that
my tube with its projecting bolster or neck may be introduced into them far
enough to ensure perfect freedom from vibration of the spindle revolving in the
said tube.
I use a footstep rail with flanges cast on the edges of its upper side, or on the
front side or back side, or on the bottom side, so as to form a cavity or channel for
the lubricant; this rail may be strengthened by midfeathers, cast or fitted into it
between and across the flanges, in which case holes are drilled or cored through the
said midfeathers to allow the lubricant to flow from one end of the footstep rail to the
other. The open side of this rail is covered with a bar, plate, or plates of cast iron,
or other metallic materials, being secured by bolts or screws or otherwise to
suitably provided projections on the flanges of the footstep rail. Between the
bar plate or plates I introduce suitable luting or other equivalents to form
a joint, so that no lubricant may be lost through leakage. Inside this rail
and between the flanges I cast paps or bosses to receive the footstep bearings of

page_text: the spindles, or in lieu of paps a continuous ridge, which may be cast to or made
loose and fixed in from end to end of the rail for the same purpose. The footstep.
rail need not be cast open the entire length, but made with openings a short
distance of one another, the said openings only being covered with metallic plates
of suitable length, which can be taken off easily for the purpose of cleaning out
any impurities that may have settled, at the same time being better to handle and
make a tight joint.
In the covering plate or plates when fixed on the top side of the footstep rail, I
cast, or drill holes in them to receive my tubes, which may either project into the
cavity in the footstep rail or end level with the bottom side of plate or top flange
of the said rail, the junction of the tubes with plate, plates, or footstep rail being
made oil tight by any convenient contrivance.
The top or bolster and neck rail is made with flanges similar to the footstep rail,
being covered with a plate or plates or other equivalents, which is drilled to allow
the upper ends of my improved tubes to pass through and secured in any convenient.
way. At a point a little above the bottom of inside of top bolster or neck rail I
drill holes through the spindle tubes, so that there is a complete and perfect
circulation of the lubricant through the channels of both rails and tubes of spindles,
at the same time any dirt or impurity in the lubricant is precipitated to the bottom
of top bolster or neck rail and footstep rail. In some cases I make the tubes
sufficiently long to project a suitable distance inside the cavity of footstep rail, in
the bottom of which I fix the footsteps for supporting the spindles; in the tube and
footstep or in the footstep alone I drill oil holes for the purpose of supplying the
spindle with lubricant from the oil reservoir or cavity in footstep rail.
The lubricant is poured into the footstep and bolster or neck rails by means of a
bell-mouthed tube, conveniently situated and protected at either end of spinning,
doubling, or twisting frame, or at any other suitable part of the rail. The said oil
tube is formed in whole or in part of glass, and is made so long that its mouth or
entrance is always above the highest point of contact of spindle and its neck
bearing; this oil tube serves as an indicator showing the height of the oil or
lubricant in my tubes, there being free communication between it and every part
of the interior of every tube and spindle in one side or both sides of a spinning,.
doubling, and twisting frame. If necessary the lubricant can be poured down one
of the 'spindle tubes by simply taking out a spindle, thereby dispensing with the
bell-mouthed glass tube, which can be made of ordinary gauge glass tubing and
serve to indicate alone the height of the oil or lubricant in spindle tubes, top
bolster, or neck rail and footstep rail.
In another method I dispense with the oil cavity in the top and bottom rails
herein before described, and fix each tube separately in the said rails, the bottom one
being for the purpose of supporting or carrying the tubes, the top rail for steadying
the same at top of tube. For this purpose the top or bottom flange of the said
rails are drilled or bored out to receive my improved tube, which is provided with
the aforesaid bolsters or necks for the spindles to revolve in, the bottom one being
solid at the bottom end, thus forming the footstep for the spindle to run in.
The bolsters or neck bearings are made with raised collars on the outside near
the top and bottom, and provided with slots or grooves for the purpose of
lubrication; the annular space between the spindle and the inside of tube is
provided with oil for the purpose of self-lubricating, in which case each spindle
and tube is separate. The wharves are made as before described, and form a cap
or cover for the top of spindle tube to protect the oil chamber from dirt, grit,
flowings, or other substances.
The footsteps are formed so as to allow a space or cavity below the bottom end
or foot of the spindle, which is communicated with through the slots or grooves;
this space is for the purpose of catching any dirt or sediment from the oil or
lubricant, which can be easily cleaned by taking the footstep or its support out.
To prevent the spindles lifting when the operation of "dolfing" is being
performed, I place above the wharves a wire running the full length of the frame,

page_text: being held in fixings provided with holes and slots at convenient distances, the slots
and holes being for the purpose of removing the wire out of the way when required
for the purpose of taking the spindles out.
In order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily carried into
operation, I will proceed to describe the accompanying Drawings, reference being
made to the figures and letters marked thereon.
Fig. 1 is intended to represent the front elevation of a doubling or spinning
frame to which my improvements are applied; Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the
same shewing the bolster or neck rails A and the footstep rails B in section; H
are my improved spindles, and F the tubes; D is the lifting rail or builder for
giving the raising and falling motion to the bobbins in machines where the
ordinary flyer is used and the rings and travellers in ring frames; E are the frame
sides of the machines; E¹ the splash boards.
Fig. 3 is an elevation of one of my improved spindles and of the bearings and
tubo in which it revolvos, A is the bolster or neck rail, B the footstep rail. The
tube F is fixed in the bolster or neck rail A, and passes through to the footstep
rail B underneath, being secured to the covering plate L.
At the upper end of the tube F, which passes through the plate L, is fixed the
bolster G, and at the bottom end of the spindle H, in the footstep rail B, is fixed
the footstep I, the spindlo H revolving in the bolster and footstep; the space within
the tube between the two forms an oil chamber. The tube F is attached to tho
top rail A by being screwed into the bottom side, and secured with the lock nut O
underneath, made oil tight. The rails A and B are provided with the flanges K cast
to their upper side, thus forming a cavity or channel for the lubricant; the top or
open side of these rails are covered with the plate L, being secured by the screws M.
To make the joint between the flanges K and the plate L oil tight I place suitable
luting or other equivalents usually used for such purposes, thus preventing the
lubricant from being lost through leakage.
In this arrangement I make the footstep rail B similar to the bolster or neck
rail, in which is cast the paps or bosses N to receive the footstep I for the spindle H
to revolve in; the plates L are drilled or bored out, and the tube F is turned to a
true fit, after which it is driven in tight with suitable luting placed underneath
the collar P to make it oil tight. To the spindle H is fixed above the top of the
tube F the sleeve S, which extends downwards, at the bottom end having the
wharve R, the whole acting as a cap or covor to protect and preserve the oil
chamber from contact with waste water, grit, dirt, flax flowings, or other fibrous
substances, at the same time allowing room for the driving bands; between the
top side of the bolster rail A and the bottom side of waste water spouts T, when
used in connection with flax or jute doubling and spinning frames, the top part of
the sleeve S extending upwards on the spindle a sufficient distance to clear the
underside of the builder D when at the lowest point of traverse.
In order to allow the spindles to be driven at the greatest speed without
vibration I introduce the intermediate collars or bearings G₁, which can be placed
in the centre between the top bolster G and the footstep I, or be placed nearer the
top or bottom as desired.
The collars G and G¹ are made with flanges or collars a, turned out of the solid
or cast on the outside, being provided with the grooves or slots b; which are made
vertical or spiral, as shewn in Figs. 3 B and 3 D.
These slots or grooves are provided to allow the lubricant to flow freely in or
out of the annular space or recess formed between the spindle H and the inside of
the tube F. When my improved tube is used in connection with the bolster and
footstep rails, when they serve as oil channels, I drill at a point a little above the
inside of the top bolster rail A the holes d, thereby making a complete circulation
for the lubricant through the channels of both rails and the tubes F, the space
below these holes serving as a receptacle for sediment or other impurities to settle,
as well as the space below the footstep in bottom rail.
Fig. 3A is a section through line E, F, in Fig. 3, shewing the openings or slots b

page_text: in the intermediate collar or bearing G¹. Fig. 3B is an outside elevation of the
top collar or bolster G in Fig. 3, shewing the collars or flanges a, with the vertical
grooves or slots b; the top side or edge in this collar is provided with the slot ƒ to
prevent the oil which is raised by capillary attraction from flowing over the top of
tube F.
Fig. 3 C is a plan of Fig. 3 B, shewing the openings or slots b in the collars or
flanges a and the slots f. Fig. 3D is an outside elevation of the top collar or:
bolster G, in Fig. 3, shewing the collars and flanges a with the spiral grooves or
slots b.
'
Fig. 4 is a sectional elevation of my improved arrangement when used in
connection with the rails A and B, when used as oil cavities or channels, the top
end of tube F ending level with the top side of covering plate L, the wharve
covering the same to protect the oil chamber as before described. In this Figure
it will be seen that the footstep in bottom rail is dispensed with, as the footstep
forms part of the bottom collar or bearing, thus closing the end of the tube F with
the exception of the grooves or alots 6 for the lubricant to pass through, the
footstep being oiled through the holes m, which are drilled through the footstep
and are immersed in the oil in the bottom rail B; the holes d are for the purpose
described in Fig. 3.
Fig. 4 A is a section through C, D, in Fig. 4, shewing the holes m in the footstep.
Fig. 4 B is a section through A, B, in Fig. 4, shewing the slots or grooves b in the
flanges or collars in the bottom bearing.
Fig. 5 is a sectional elevation of any improved tube and bearings when used in
connection with the footstep rail B, which is a cavity for oil or lubricant, and.
which is communicated to each tube from the same, the top or bolster rail A being
used simply to steady the tube and spindle, the tube being secured by the screw n.
In this case the tube F projects a little above the level of top rail A, the wharve R
forming a cap or cover for the same. The footstep rail B is provided with the
covering plates L on the front or back side, as shewn, and not on the top or
bottom, as shewn in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4.
Fig. 5 A is a sectional elevation of another kind of collar I use in connection
with any improvements, shewing the holes f for the purpose of lubrication.
Fig. 5 B is a similar collar, with the exception of the angular slots f, which are
also for the purpose of lubrication.
Fig. 5 C is a kind of collar I use when my improvements are intended to bo
used in connection with fine-gauge spinning frames; or when a very small wharve
is required to effect lubrication I provide it with the angular slot f from top to
bottom.
Fig. 6. is a sectional elevation of my improvements when the oil cavities or
channels in top and bottom rails A and B are dispensed with, in which case each
tube as to be filled or nearly so with lubricant separately, the collars or bearings G
being, as described in Fig. 4 with the exception of the holes m. The footstep is
driven in tight, or screwed in with the projection. o to enable it to be operated
upon easily. The footstep is chambered similar to the top collars, the space
serving as a receptacle for dirt, grit, or other impurities from the lubricant, and
which can be easily cleaned by taking the footstep out.
In this arrangement the wharve R also forms a cap or cover over the top of
tube F. The tube F is supported and held by the rails A and B, being secured by
the screws n.
Fig. 7 is a sectional elevation of my improvements, wherein I dispense with the
top and bottom rails and substitute the channel A', of sufficient length to take up
the space occupied by the top and bottom rails, including the space between then,
and which is provided with the paps or bosses N or the ridge N fast or loose, as
described in Fig. 10, in which is fitted the footstep I for the spindle H to revolve.
The top of this cavity rail is open, and provided on the outside with the flanges K,
on which is secured the plate L by screws, as in Fig. 3. To this plate I attach the
tube F, fitted with the bolster or collar G for supporting the spindle, the top of

page_text: tube being covered by the cap on bottom side of wharve R. This cavity rail,
which extends from end to end of the machine, is made for the purpose of con-
taining oil or lubricant, as in the rails A and B and tube F in Figs. 3 and 4, and is
strengthened by placing the midfeathers U at suitable distances, provided with
holes or openings for the purpose before described.
Fig. 8 is a section of oil cavity rail B when the flanges K and covering plate L
are placed on the bottom side, the footstep in this case being similar to that shewn
in Fig. 4.
Fig. 9 is a sectional elevation of footstep rail B with the covering plate L, into
which are fixed the tubes F, and through which the spindles H project into the
footsteps I at the bottom of the said rail or cavity; the footsteps I are fitted into
the paps or bosses N, which are cast inside the rail along with the midfeathers U,
which are placed at suitable distances to strengthen the rails, and so as to allow
free course for the flow of the lubricant from end to end of rail I drill or cast
through the midfeathers the holes p.
Fig. 9 A is a plan of Fig. 9 with the covering plate L removed, so as to shew
more fully the footsteps I and bosses N and midfeathers U.
Fig. 10 is a sectional elevation of footstep rail B, and similar to Fig. 9, with the
exception that instead of the paps or bosses N I substitute the continuous ridgo N,
which may either be cast to or made loose and fastened by screws or otherwise.
The ridge N is drilled or bored to receive the footsteps I, the midfeathers U being
supplied with the holes p on the sides of the ridge. Fig. 11 is a plan of Fig. 10,
with the covering plate L removed to show more fully the ridge N with the foot-
steps I. Fig. 12 is a front or back clevation of cavity rails A and B, when the
covering plates are on the side, as shewn in footstep rail B in Fig. 5. In this case
I do not cast them open the entire length, but make them with the openings V
placed at short distances from one another; the openings V are covered by the
plates L, which are secured by bolts or other equivalents. Fig. 13 is a section
through line C, D, in Fig. 12, shewing the openings V with their covering plates L,
the footsteps I and bosses N being at the bottom.
When my improvements are used, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, for the
purpose of charging the tubos F and the cavity rails A and B with the lubricant,
I fix at one end of the machine, or both if required, the bell-mouthed tube W
which is secured to the glass tube X, which sorves to indicate the height of the
lubricant in the tubes F and cavity rails A and B. To the bottom cavity rail B
I fix a metallic elbow or bend to which is secured the glass tube X and bell-
mouthed tube W. The lubricant is poured down this tube and flows the entire
length of the rail or the length of the machine through the holes p in the mid-
feathers U into the tubes F and top cavity rail A. If desired I couple both sides
of a frame together by means of the connecting pipe Y in Fig. 2, which is provided
with the stop tap Z, so that in case anything goes wrong ono side can be shut off
without interfering with the other. For the purpose of emptying the rails and
tubes of lubricant I place the drain tap runder the bottom cavity rail B.
When my improvements are used, as in Fig. 6, for the purpose of lubricating
the spindle Has to be taken out and the lubricant poured in each tube separately.
To prevent the spindles H lifting out of the tubes F when the operation of
doffing" is being performed, I place above the wharves R the wire rod V¹,
running the full length of the frame, being screwed at each end and provided with
the nut or thumb screw W' to tighten or slacken the wire if desired for the
purpose of removing the spindles. The wire-rod V' is held and supported in the
brackets S', fixed at convenient distances on the top rail A, as shown in Figs. 1,
14, and 15. The brackets S¹ are provided with angular shaped openings to allow
the wire to be lifted slightly, which can then be moved sideways from over the
wharves R to enable them to be removed without taking the wires out of the
fixings, and replaced similarly when the spindles are re-inserted in their places.
The fixings or brackets S are secured in any convenient way to the top of rail A
by screws or other equivalents. The ends of the wire V¹ may if desired be

page_text: fastened through the frame ends of machine, being provided with slots similar to
that shewn in Fig. 15, and thumb screw W for tightening, or vice-versa, as in
Fig. 14.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, and described the mode of
performing the same, I wish to remark that I do not intend to limit myself to
the exact details given, as in some cases the same may be varied according to the
peculiar construction of the various machines to which it may be applicable; but
that what I claim and desire to be secured to me by the herein before in part recited
Letters Patent is,-
First. The construction and use of my improved combinations of spindle, tube,
and bearings with the oil or lubricating arrangements, and the reservoir for deposit
from the lubricant with the wharve acting as cover for top of tube, substantially as
described and as shewn on the Drawings.
Second. The construction and use of cavity rails with their covers in the
various forms described, and the mode of supplying the same with lubricant, at
the same time indicating the height of such in the cavity rails A and B, and the
tubes F, with the arrangement for coupling both sides of a doubling or spinning
frame together with lubricant, substantially as described and as shown on the
Drawings annexed.
Third. The construction and use of a cavity rail or oil channel, supplementing
the top and bottom rails A and B, for the purpose of lubricating the footstep and
top bolster or neck bearing at the same time with the tube F and bolster G,
substantially as described and as shown on the Drawings in Fig. 7.
Fourth. The construction and use of apparatus for preventing the spindles from
lifting when the operation of "doffing" is being performed, substantially as
described and as shown on the Drawings.
'
In witness whereof, I, the said John Leyland, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Thirtieth day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty two.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within named John Leyland, in
the presence of
EDMUND CHADWICK,
(Agent for the Petitioner),
30, Arrowsmith Terrace,
Bolton.
JOHN LEYLAND. (L.S.)