IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER WHEEL MOTORS, APPLICABLE FOR DRIVING SEWING MACHINES, LATHES; AND OTHER MACHINERY
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Griffith Brewer, of Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER WHEEL MOTORS,
APPLICABLE FOR DRIVING SEWING MACHINES, LATHES; AND OTHER MACHINERY."
A communication from abroad by Oscar Jerome Backus, of Newark, State of
New Jersey, United States of America.
Sealed the 24th April 1878, and dated the 29th October 1877.
"
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Edward Griffith Brewer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th October 1877.
EDWARD GRIFFITH BREWER, of Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER WHEEL MOTORS, APPLICABLE FOR DRIVING SEWING
MACHINES, LATHES, AND OTHER MACHINERY." A communication from abroad
by Oscar Jerome Backus, of Newark, State of New Jersey, United States of
America.
The following is a full, clear, and exact description of this Invention, reference
being had to the accompanying Drawings, which consitute and form a part of this
Specification; and the Invention will be best understood by reference thereto :-
Figure 1 is a sectional view of one plate of the wheel case, having the wheel
therein shown partly in sections.
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Figure 2 is a vertical diametrical section through the wheel case and wheel, applied
to a sewing machine table top.
Figure 3 is a top view of the wheel case.
Figure 4 is a sectional view showing the coupling for connecting the wheel shaft
to the driving shaft of a sewing machine.
Figure 5 is a perspective view of a treadle cock and drip pan; Figure 6 is an
elevation of the same.
Figure 7 is a section through the strainer.
Figure 8 is a perspective view showing the motor applied to the driving shaft of
a sewing machine on the top of a table.

page_text: Figure 9 is a side elevation of reversible water motor A. provided with pro-
jecting lugs G and G¹ fashioned to fit into the dovetail slot of the swinging
section of the bracket B1 (see Figure 11); this bracket is secured to the wall or
wainscoting, and the swinging section is secured to the horizontal projecting portion
of the bracket B11 by means of a thumbscrew or pin Z¹, which forms the pivot
or hinge upon which the motor is swung either to the right or left. The dovetail
projections G are cast upon and form an integral part of the case A2, by which
means the motor A is reversed without crossing the driving belting 6' to operate
sewing machines in any part of the room.
Figure 10 is a transverse section of improved water motor, showing a compen-
sating wound spring z around the axle Q in lieu of the left-hand section of the
hub W, by which means the revolving wheel may be uniformly operated for any
length of time.
Figure 11 is a front view of the bracket B11 having its upper section broken
off, and shewing the swinging section or plate 21 dovetailed to receive the corre-
sponding shaped projection G, G', upon the upper part of the pocket A³, or body
of the motor case.
Figure 12 is a perspective view of a horizontally revolving motor (or water
wheel, with the curvelinear buckets arranged upon the internal vertical plane of the
periphery 4; or these curved buckets may be arranged upon the outer periphery
of said wheel, and receive the water at an increased leverage as it is thrown from
the revolving hollow arm 51, 51, which are secured to the vertical cylindrical water
chamber 6¹ that receives its supply of water through the vertical tube 71, which is
connected to the hydrant supplying reservoir or faucet.
Figure 13 is a vertical view of compound water motor enclosed in a case A,
shewing the supply pipe 7', the water being discharged around the shaft at 81; and
when this same device is employed to operate vertically revolving water motors
similar to Figure 8, the water is discharged through the nozzle 9¹.
Figure 14 is a section of the wheel A, showing the buckets 11, 21, 3¹, on an
enlarged scale; these curved buckets may be varied in form if desired..
The Invention is not confined to any specific form of case for the above-described
centrifugal wheel, nor to the bevel gearing; but it is preferred to construct these
parts to suit the exigencies of the situation.
Having thus set forth the individual parts of the Invention, I will now point-
out the object and principal novel features of the different devices to accomplish
the same end, namely,―
First. Similar letters of reference represent like parts in the different Figures.
This Invention, as shewn at Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, has for its object the
peculiar construction of a waste water pocket A2, an induction nozzle P, and a dis-
charging nozzle g' cast upon the casing which encloses the wheel. In the centre of
each casing plate an annular internal depression c is formed or cast around the
bearing of the wheel shaft; a bracket extension A¹¹ is also cast. This extension
serves to attach the motor to the top of a sewing machine table, also forms a
bearing to the motor shaft (see Figure 2). A drip pan F is next constructed below
the pedal cock, which serves the double purpose of a drip pan and support for the
water-cock and treadle (see Figure 6); then a detachable strainer vessel to the
water supply pipe is employed at a point between the injecting nozzle and the
treadle cock, which vessel is of an enlarged capacity as compared with the diameter
of the supply pipe to which it is attached.
To more clearly comprehend this portion of the Invention I will describe the
several parts by letter.
A, A¹, are the castings forming the water wheel chamber of a circular form, and
aro bolted together, as shewn at Figures 2, 3, and 8; B is a receptacle to receive
and discharge the waste water.
The plate A has an annular rib a to receive the bucket carrying portion of the
wheel, and also a central annular depression c surrounding the bearing of the
shaft c.
The lower portion of the casting or casing A is provided with an upwardly

page_text: flaring pocket A² of less width than the casing itself, taken through the annular
space o, but of a length nearly equal to one-third of the circumference of the
casing; the bottom of this pocket converges to a discharging nozzle g¹, which
connects to the waste pipe P2.
g is the ingress pipe, forming a part of the upper edge of the pocket having a
finely perforated nozzle P¹ to which the water inlet pipe P is secured (see Figures
1 and 8).
A³ is a bracket to secure the motor to the top of the tables (see Figure 2), and
forms a part of plate A, and is so formed that while it serves to hold the motor to
the table top; it also forms a part of one of the long bearings for the wheel shaft c.
This bracket extends sufficiently below the point at which it forms one of the
bearings of the shaft c to elevate the same above the table a when the motor is
in position, shown at Figures 3 and 8, thereby enabling a direct connection to be
made between the shaft c of the motor and the driving shaft of the machine to be
operated. The pocket A2, nozzles g, g¹, bracket A³, are all cast with and form a
part of the plate A.
The plate A' has neither a bracket nor a pocket formed in it, but in other respects
it is like plate A, that is to say, it has an annular depression a, central depression c,
extended hub j.
The plates A, A', when bolted together form the bucket chamber o of the wheel B,
and an annular laterally extended chamber m, to receive the "eyebrows" or water
sheds d, d. This chamber surrounds the shaft c and bearing j, and owing to its
concavity the water flowing down the inner face of plate A over the eyebrows d, d,
will be conveyed past and below the shaft c without escaping from the wheel case
between the bearing ; and said shaft.
By the peculiar form of chamber m that part of the wheel case can be contracted
laterally, as shewn at Figure 2; and besides this the bearings j, j, can be made.
long enough to support the wheel shaft c without occupying more room laterally
than the width of the wheel case (see Figure 2). The buckets of the wheel B are
struck by a minute stream of water from the nozzle P¹ directed downward and
inward on a line tangent to a circle within the circumference of the wheel, thereby.
receiving all the force of the stream to operate the wheel. To prevent the reaction
of the water upon the buckets the pocket A² commences directly below the
injecting nozzle P¹, and conducts all the water directly down to the discharge
pipe P This motor power or water wheel is used to operate "sewing machines,
lathes, organs, and the like," by simply connecting the wheel shaft C with the
driving shaft of the sewing machine Y, Figure 8, or by any other suitable
gearing.
Figure 4, plate 2, shows one of many devices for coupling and uncoupling; it is
simply bevelling and shouldering the ends of two sections of the shaft C with a
tube S to slip over these ends when lapped, and adjusting the rubber tube S² to
its place against the tube S, this making a simple and cheap coupling to be easily
adjusted by simply slipping the tube S off the lapped joint St; the motor is
disconnected from the sewing machine.
To obtain a very light wheel wire spokes may be used to connect the buckets
to the hub of the wheel secured to the shaft C, yet this part of the Invention is
not confined to the above, as any suitable construction of wheels may be used.
On the extended portion of the shaft C between the motor and the sewing
machine, a small wheel N is secured, beneath which is the friction end of a brako
lever R pivoted to a plate which is secured fast to the top of the table S
(see Figure 8); by means of this brake the speed of the sewing machine is quickly
checked.
"
For the purpose of starting and stopping the machine a single way cock L is
employed, through which the water passes on its way from the service pipe to the
wheel case; this cock L is mounted upon the standards f of the drip pan F.
The plug of the cock extends so as to form a support for a pedal or foot lever

page_text: T, by means of which an operator regulates the flow of water at will; F is a pan
to catch the drip from the cock or plug h.
Between the cock L and the nozzle P¹ to the pipe P is applied a vessel N made
in two detachable parts, and provided with a perforated diaphragm t to prevent
any foreign matter in the water from collecting in and closing up the nozzle P¹,
Figure 7; this vessel, being in two parts, may be removed for cleaning without
stopping the flow of water to the cock L.
The peculiar advantages of the arrangement set forth at Figures 9, 10, and 11
are that the motor or wheel is set upon an adjustable swinging bracket to operate
a sewing machine or lathe at different angles and locations without crossing the
belting, and without disconnecting the water pipe.
Figures 12, 13, and 14 are considered of great advantage in operating my water
wheel A, in either a horizontal or vertical direction, by means of the continuous
jets of water from the revolving arms 5¹, 5¹.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,―
First. (As shown at Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8), the single casing, plate A, having
an induction nozzle, a waste water pocket, and a discharging nozzle formed thereon,
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Secondly. The annular chamber m between the plates A, A1, around the bearings
of the wheel shaft c, substantially as described.
Thirdly. The bracket extension A³, cast on plate A below the shaft c to serve as
a bracket, and form a bearing for the shaft c, substantially as described.
Fourthly. The drip pan F, supporting the water-cock L and treadle T, thus
serving the double purpose of receiving the waste water, and supporting the said
cock and treadle, as above set forth.
Fifthly. An enlarged detachable yessel N, having a perforated diaphragm arranged
and applied to the pipe P, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Sixthly. A swinging motor or water wheel A, Figures 9, 10, and 11, provided
with the bracket B, swinging plate and pin Z, and projections G and G¹ upon
the case or motor A, all arranged and operating in the manner and for the purpose
set forth.
Seventhly. The compensating spring Z, in lieu of a section of the hub W, arranged
.and operating substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Eightly. A reversible centrifugal water wheel A, as shown at Figures 12, 13,
and 14, provided with suitable buckets 11, 21, 31, operating by means of centrifugal
revolving hollow arms 5', 5¹, substantially in the manner and for the purpose set
forth..
Ninthly. The hollow arms 51, 51, revolving inside of the water wheel A.to.
operate said wheel in an opposite direction by the force of the discharging water
from the jets 61, 61, upon the buckets 11, 21, 31, thereby effecting a double use of
the water as a motor power, as set forth and shown in the Drawings.
Tenthly. The hollow Archimedean arms 5, 51, upon the water cylinder 61, revolving
in opposite direction to the wheel A, which rotates upon the stationary bearing of
and around the cylinder 6¹, all arranged and operating substantially in the manner
and for the purpose set forth.
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In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Griffith Brewer, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.