Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 13th June, 1887
Complete Left, 15th Feb., 1888
Complete Accepted, 25th May, 1888
We LAWRENCE WILLIAM ADAMSON of Park Works Gateshead Gentleman and
WILLIAM FAIRBAIRN HALL of Haswell Lodge Fenco Houses Durham Mining
Engineer do hereby declaro the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
To be called "The Haswell Lamp."
The merit claimed for theso lamps are their safety and simplicity, burning with a
clear steady light, giving perfect combustion of the gases inside the lamp, without
becoming heated and not easily extinguished.
The special features of this form of lamp are, the combination of the "Davy" and
the "Can" lamp in one. The employing of a shield to protect the air current from
impinging directly upon the wire gauze, and, at the same time giving increased air
current to increase the combustion also dispensing with the pillars for supporting top
of lamp used in the ordinary "Davy" lamp and a certain self-locking of the lamp
when the key is withdrawn by means of a rack, pawl and spring on the oil box.
These together form a self acting locking arrangement however tightly (or the
contrary) the oil box is screwed up and which can only be released by screwing the
koy on to the end of the pawl which at the same time presses on a collar in the socket,
draws the pawl out and allows the oil box to be unscrewed. The key has to be
unscrewed before the pawl comes again into action.
This arrangement prevents any mistakes as to whether the lamp is locked or not,
as also whether the oil box is sufficiently tightly screwed up, or not, for the lamp will
lock itself in any position as soon as the key is withdrawn.
The lamps consist of two principal parts, an ordinary brass oil receiver forming the
bottom or lower part, and a tin casing with glass panes, gauze shield covers etc.
forming the upper portion.
The two parts are scrowed together and fastened by a pawl and ratchet as described
already.
The "Hewers" lamp is formed as follows-The bottom part is made entirely of
brass forming a receiver for oil and a small tin tube for the wick with a wire pricker
to raise and lower the wick without opening the lamp.

page_text: The bottom of this receiver forms the base of the lamp, and the top portion is
screwed, to attach to the upper or can portion of the lamp, and has a rack formed on
top for locking the lamp by means of the pall.
The top portion consists of a cylindrical hollow tin case, fitted with a brass ring in
the bottom screwed to fit the top of the oil receiver, and having a square brass hollow
bracket rivetted on to take pall pin for locking the lamp.
A wire ganzo conical case with close top is fitted into this brass ring, and a second
wire gauze casing or cap is placed over the top of the conical case, to give
additional protection at the top.
The outer or tin case is fitted with two circular glass panes let in to the tin framo
forming nearly the complete circle in glass, thereby diffusing the light all round.
The space at the back of the lamp between the two glass panes, is perforated by
two vertical rows of small holes, to admit the air while inside and opposite these
holes is fixed a shield or baffle plate with openings at bottom top and side, to allow
passage for the air after being split up by the baffle plate. And at the top of this
outer case of tin or other material is a row of holes going all round.
And exactly
opposite these holes inside the case is fixed a cone to split up the air coming in
through the holes by striking on the face of the cone, also creating a forced draught
upwards thereby facilitating the combustion of the gases and preventing the air from
striking on the wire gauzo casing. The top of the casing is of tin or other suitable
material and is arranged with a large opening for the outlet of the heated air.
Fixed above this cover is a domo shaped guard of tin or other substance to prevent
the heat burning the miners hand.
The lamp is carried by a wire hoop of any suitable material fixed by loop to the
top of the casing.
*Drivers" and "Putters" lamps are exactly similar to the Hewers lamps with the
following exceptions:-Instead of two glass panes in the outer case going nearly all
round, only one is used going only half round, thereby concentrating the light.. The
shield or baffle plate at the back of the lamp is thus enabled to be carried half
round the lamp at the back of the glass and which also acts as a reflector
intensifying the light.
The cono at the top of the case may be of the same piece as the guard or baffle
plate and instead of two vertical rows of holes at the back there may be one or more
rows near the bottom. The hoop for carrying the lamp may be placed with the
guard in the direction of the light.
Dated this with dow of Tenua 1887

page_text: Improvements in Miners' Safety Lamps.
We LAWRENCE WILLIAM ADAMSON of Park Works Gateshead Gentleman and
WILLIAM FAIRBAIRN HALL of Haswell Lodge Fence Houses Durham Mining
Engineer do hereby declaro the nature of this invention and in what manner tho
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
To be called "The Haswell Lamp." The merits claimed for these Lamps are their
safety and simplicity, burning with a clear steady light, giving perfect combustion of
the gases inside the lamp without becoming heated and not easily extinguished,
combined with a self-extinguishing apparatus and specially shaped glasses for con-
centrating the light.
The special features of this form of lamp are:-The combination of the Davy and
the "Can" lamp as shewn on Sheet 1. Figs. 1. 2. 3 and 4 and Sheet 2 Fig. 5. 6. 7 and 8
the employing of a shiold a to prevent the air current in pressing inwards through
holes a from impinging directly upon the wire gauze b, and at the same time giving
increased air current, to aid the combustion also dispensing with the pillars for sup
porting the top of the lamp, used in the ordinary Davy lamp, and certain specially shaped
glasses c¹ for consentrating the light, those glasses are by proference in the form of a
cylindrical lens or lenses, and a certain selfacting extinguishing apparatus d, also a
certain self locking of the lamp when the key d³, is unscrewed and withdrawn by
means of a rack e pawl e¹ and springe on the oil box, these consists of a simple
bow shaped spring e fastened at one end by two rivets to the support for casing Kat
the other rounded to fit loosely into a hole drilled in the pawf e¹ which latter has a
scrowed end to take the key d, this admits of sufficient freedom in the direction of
the axis of the pawl so as to allow the key to be easily screwed in whatever the
position of the spring, this spring and pawl is enclosed and protected by a bracket n
which is rivetted to the support k of the casing. These together form a self acting
locking arrangement however lightly or loosely the oil box is screwed up and which
can only be released by screwing the key on to the end of the pawl, which at the same
time presses on a collar g in the socket and draws the pawl out and allows the oil
box f to be unscrewed As soon as the key is unscrewed and withdrawn the pawl comes
again into action.
This arrangement prevents any mistakes as to whether the lamp is locked or not as
also whether the oil box is sufficiently tightly screwed up or not, for the lamp will lock
itself in any position as soon as the key is withdrawn and oil box screwed into lamp.
There is a self extinguishing apparatus already referred to whereby the flame is put
out whilst unscrewing the oil box, thus the only means of reaching the wick, namely
by unscrewing the oil box is utilised to extinguish the flame before it can come in
contact with the surrounding air. This arrangement consists of a brass ring d. of the
same diameter and like screw as the oil box with a central tube d' enveloping the

page_text: wick and supported by two arms d² attached to the ring d. On the underside of the
ring d. is a pin h. of slightly less projection than the pitch of the said screw.
The upper part of the oil box is recessed to receive this pin for the entire circle
excepting a small part about " wide forming a division piece a bar on oil box so that
when serowing the oil box into the upper casing the division or bar in oil box is
brought into contact with the pin and from thence the oil box and ring move round
together and are screwed up into the casing, when however the motion is reversed and
the oil box is being unscrewed.
and
This division or bar in oil box travels away from the projection or pin on ring d.
through nearly a complete revolution before it arrives opposite to the pin, but at the
same time the oil box during one revolution has descended equal to the pitch of the
screw, so that the pin being of less depth than the pitch of the screw, the oil box and
ring are again disengaged and tho latter left fixed to the bottom of casing K, by
which means the wick is made to pass through the tubo d¹ and the flame is
extinguished. The usual wire pricker m, is shewn passing through the oil box. The
air enters through holes a¹ in casing and passes along to the sides a² of shield
then through the space at the bottom of their sides to the outside of gauze b, then
inward through the gauze to support combustion and then upwards, and is discharged
through the top in the ordinary manner. The Lamps consist of two principal parts:
An ordinary brass oil receiver f forming the bottom or lower part and a tin casing j
with glass panes formed of cylindrical lenses c. gauze shield b. covers etc., forming
the upper part, the two parts are screwed together and fastened by a pawl and ratchet
as described above and illustrated on accompanying drawings Sheet 1, Fig. 1. 2. 3
and 4 Sheet 2. Fig. 5. 6. 7 and 8.
The arrangement for the Hewers Lamp as shewn in Sheet 1. Fig. 1. 2. 3. and 4
may be formed as follows, The bottom part may be made entirely of brass or other
metal forming a receiver for the oil with a tube for the wick screwed into, the top
and also a wire pricker to raise and lower the wick without opening the lamp the
bottom of this receiver from the base of the lamp and the top portion is screwed
to attach to the upper or can portion of the lamp and has a rack formed on the
top for locking the lamp by means of the pawl.
The top portion consists of a cylindrical hollow tin case fitted with a circular brass
case in the bottom screwed to fit the top of oil receiver and having a brass hollow
bracket rivetted on to take pawl spring etc., for locking the lamp. A wire gauze
conical case with close top is fit into this brass caso and a second wire gauze
casing or cap is placed over the top of the conical case to give additional protection
at the top of the gauze, the outer or tin case is fitted with two specially shaped
glass panes let into the tin frame forming nearly the complete circle in glass, thereby
diffusing the light allowed. The space at the back of the lamp between the two
glass panes, is perforated by two vertical rows of small holes to admit the air while
insido and opposite these holes is fixed a tin shield or baffle plate with openings at
bottom, top and sides to allow passage for the air, after being split up by the baffle
plate and at the top of this outer or tin case is a row of holes exactly opposite these
holes inside the case is fixed a tin cone on the top of the shield to split up the air
coming in through the said holes and by striking on the face of the cone creates
also a forced draught upwards, thereby facilitating the combustion of the gases and
preventing the air from striking on the wire gauze casing.
The top of the casing is also tin and is arranged with a large opening for the
outlet of the heated air. Fixed above this opening is a tin dome shaped guard to
prevent the heat from burning the miners hand. The Lamp is carried by a wrought
iron wire hoop, fixed by lugs to the top of the tin casing in a direction at right
angles to the face of the lamp or by other means.
The arrangement for the drivers and putters lamps may be as shewn on Sheet 2,
Fig. 5. 6. 7 and 8. These are exactly similar to the Hewers lamps with the following
exceptions, which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Instead of two specially shaped glass panes in the outer case going nearly all round
only one is used going half round thereby concentrating the light towards the front.

page_text: The shield or baffle plate at the back of the lamp can thus be carried half round the
lamp at the back of the glass and also acts as a reflector intensifying the light.
The cone at the top of the case may be formed of the same piece as the reflectors and
instead of two vertical rows of holes at the back there are two horizontal rows near
the bottom. The hoop for carrying the lamp is placed with the guard in the direction
of the light.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be carried out and performed, I declare that
what I claim is
1st. The special arrangement of Baffle Plate for the distribution of the air.
2nd. The special arrangement and shape of the glass.
3rd. The self extinguishing apparatus as applied to the combination as described.
4th. The self locking apparatus.
5th. The general arrangement as substantially described for Hewers lamps.
6th. The general arrangement as substantially described for drivers and putters
lamps.
Dated this 7th day of February 1888.
J. A. G. ROSS,
Patent Office,
Grainger Street, West,
Newcastle-upon-Tyne,
Agent for Applicants.