IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COOKING, HEATING, AND LIGHTING BY GAS
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Sigismund Leoni, of 34, Saint Paul Street, New
North Road, in the County of Middlesex, Manufacturer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COOKING, HEATING, AND
LIGHTING BY GAS."
Sealed the 16th August 1870, and dated the 17th February 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Sigismund Leoni
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 17th February 1870.
I, SIGISMUND LEONI, of 34, Saint Paul Street, New North Road, in
the County of Middlesex, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COOKING, HEATING,
AND LIGHTING BY GAS," to be as follows:-
My Invention with reference to cooking apparatus relates, in the
first place, to apparatus for roasting on a large scale. For this purpose
the roaster, being a cylindrical case of fire-clay, similar to that described
in the Specification of a Patent granted to me, and bearing date (Oct.

page_text: 12th, 1868, (No. 3124,) is let into or constructed in a chamber under
the kitchen floor, thereby saving space in the kitchen, protecting the
apparatus from the effects of draught, and getting rid of smell from
dripping, by means of underground flues communicating with the
existing flues.. The several gridirons or meat carriers are placed in an
open iron frame or lift, which is let down as required by means of a
crane, and guided in its descent in the roasting apparatus by rollers.
working in grooves. The frame or lift is also raised by the said crane
to the height required for running out the gridirons or meat carriers,
which are mounted on wheels for the purpose. The reflector similar
to that described in the Specification above referred to fitting over the
top of the roasting apparatus when in action is fixed to the moveable.
part of the floor, and hinged to the stationary floor, by which arrange-
ment it can be raised_as_required-in-order-to-leave an opening for the
working of the frame or lift and gridirons..
My Invention with reference to cooking apparatus relates, in the
second place, to roasting and baking ovens, being improvements on
ovens described in the Specification above referred to.. The improved
roasting ovens consists of a muffle, the sides of which may be increased
in height by means of tiles or bricks of fire-clay when required for
stationary ovens of a large size. An atmospheric gas ring is laid upon
the floor of the oven, which has an opening in the centre for the passage
of the dripping into a drawer or receptacle which is in direct communi-
cation with the flue for carrying off the fumes and smell as required.
The meat carrier mounted on wheels stands on the floor of the oven.
over the said opening in the centre of the gas ring, by which it is
surrounded at the back and sides. The floor of the oven is so arranged.
that the wheels of the said carrier run in a tramway or on a rail, and in
either case there are projecting parts which come out as the door opens
to the full length of the carriage beyond the opening. The front of the
oven is enclosed in an iron frame, to which is hinged a door, which may
be arranged to open at the side as usual, or to drop down and form a
table for the meat carrier to rest upon, in which case the door is counter-
poised by a weight and chain in a recess between the iron frame and the
brickwork. The baking oven is the same as the above, except that the
floor is solid and made in tiles or bricks of fire-clay in preference to iron.
The meat carrier above referred to is an open iron carriage on four
wheels, the top part of which carriage is formed by a number of par

page_text: titions adapted to hold the several joints of meat separately in a vertical
position.. These partitions are made to slide in and out. The carriages
for the roasting oven are provided with inclined plates, so as to form a
shoot for the dripping to guide it through the opening of the floor into
the drawer or pan underneath. The top of the carriage for the baking
oven is provided with a number of iron shelves for containing bread,
pastry, and other articles.
My Invention with reference to cooking apparatus relates, in the
third place, to improvements in an open kitchen range, for the Invention
of which Provisional Protection has been granted unto me, bearing date
Nov. 3rd, 1869, No. 3182, and consists in the application thereto of a
cast-iron bed plate, which may be mounted on wheels, and on which
are fitted one or several muffles, the sides of which are enclosed by iron.
Between the iron cover and the muffle is inserted non-conducting
material, similar to that employed in the cylindrical roasters before
referred to. The front is the same as the stationary ovens, and so also
are the moveable carriages. The top part is the open range itself. Also
an open boiler for hot water may be fitted in the same frame next to an
oven under the said range. The whole is fitted with gas apparatus,
which only requires to be connected with the meter.
In my former Inventions above referred to the atmospheric gas
apparatus consists of a single ring, but in my present Invention I
intend to use double rings, by which I can regulate the heat as required.
One of the said rings (usually the inner one) is fitted with small
"adamas" jets and the other with larger. By means of the outer ring
with larger jets the heat may be got up rapidly, and by means of the
inner ring with smaller jets the heat may be kept up. to a given. tem-
perature after turning off the outer one. Each ring has its own air
chamber and gas cock. The barrel of the ring is to be of oval section,
so as to obtain area in depth instead of in width.
My Invention with reference to heating apparatus consists in the usc
of a loose metal cover over that of glazed earthenware or china in my
former Patent, No. 3124 (1868). The air space allowed between the
inner and outer cylinder will increase the radiation of heat, and by
means of the metal cover the heat is prevented from ascending too.
rapidly as it is deflected on to the floor. The outer cover being also.
supported by a metal frame will serve as a guard for the inner apparatus.
The outer cover may be made ornamental.

page_text: "
And my Invention with reference to lighting apparatus consists in
the insertion in the bottom of the tube of gas burners of a plug of
"adamas or other suitable bad conducting material of a square or
other suitable angular section, so as when inserted therein to leave
spaces for the passage of gas between the inside of the tube and the i
outside of the plug. The object of this arrangement is to retard
combustion, increase light, and regulate pressure of gas.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Sigismund Leoni in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 17th August 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS-SHALL-COME, I, SIGISMUND¯
LEONI, of 34, Saint Paul Street, New North Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the
thirty-third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Sigismund Leoni, Her special licence
that I, the said Sigismund Leoni, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Sigismund Leoni, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, usc, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR COOKING, HEATING, AND LIGHTING BY GAS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Sigismund Leoni, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Sigismund Leoni, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same

page_text: is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawings here-
unto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is
to say):
My Invention of "Improvements in Apparatus for Cooking, Heating,
and Lighting by Gas," relates, with reference to cooking apparatus, in the
first place, to apparatus for roasting on a large scale. For this purpose
the roaster (being a cylindrical case of fire-clay mixed with other clays
suitable for the purpose, similar to that described in the Specification of a
Patent granted to me, and bearing date October Twelfth, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-cight, No. 3124,) is let into or constructed in a
chamber under the kitchen floor, thereby saving space in the kitchen,
protecting the apparatus from the effects of draught, and getting rid of
smell from dripping by means of underground flues communicating
with the existing flues. The several gridirons or meat carriers are
placed in an open iron frame or lift, which is let down as required by
means of a crane or otherwise, and guided in its descent in the roasting
apparatus by rollers working in grooves or on ribs. The frame or lift is
also raised by the said crane to the height required for running out the
gridirons or meat carriers, which are mounted on wheels for the purpose.
The reflector (similar to that described in the Specification above
referred to) fitting over the top of the roasting apparatus when in
action is fixed to the moveable part of the floor, and hinged to the
stationary floor, by which arrangement it can be raised as required
in order to leave an opening for the working of the frame or lift and
gridirons.
My Invention with reference to cooking apparatus relates, in the
second place, to roasting and baking ovens, being improvements on ovens
described in the Specification above referred to. The improved roasting
ovens consist of a muffle, the sides of which may be increased in height
by means of tiles or bricks of fire-clay when required for stationary
ovens of a large size. An atmospheric gas ring is laid upon the floor of
the oven, which has an opening in the centre for the passage of the
dripping into a drawer or receptacle which is in direct communication
with the flue for carrying off the fumes and smell as required. The
meat carrier mounted on wheels stands on the floor of the oven over the
said opening in the centre of the gas ring by which it is surrounded at
the back and sides. The floor of the oven is so arranged that the wheels

page_text: of the said carrier run in a tramway or on a rail, and in either case there
are projecting parts which come out as the door opens to the full length
of the carriage beyond the opening. The front of the oven is enclosed in
an iron frame, to which is hinged a door, which may be arranged to
open at the side as usual, or to drop down and form a table for the meat
carrier to rest upon, in which case the door is counterpoised by a weight
and chain in a recess between the iron frame and the brickwork. The
baking oven is the same as the above, except that the floor is solid and
made in tiles or bricks of fire-clay in preference to iron. The meat
carrier above referred to is an open iron carriage on four wheels, the top
part of which carriage is formed with a number of partitions adapted to
hold the several joints of meat separately in a vertical position. These
partitions are made to slide in and out. The carriages for the roasting
oven are provided with inclined plates, so as to form a shoot for the
dripping to guide it through the opening of the floor into the drawer or
pan underneath. The top of the carriage for the baking oven is provided
with a number of iron shelves for containing bread, pastry, and other
articles.
My Invention with reference to cooking apparatus relates, in the
third place, to improvements in an open kitchen range, for the Invention
of which a Patent has been granted unto me, bearing date November
Third, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, No. 3182, and consists
in the application thereto of a cast-iron bed plate, which may be mounted
on wheels, and on which are fitted onc or several muffles, the sides of
which are enclosed by iron. Between the iron cover and the muffle is
inserted non-conducting material, similar to that employed in the cylin-
drical roasters before referred to. The front is the same as the stationary
ovens, and so also are the moveable carriages. The top part is the
open range itself. Also an open boiler for hot water may be fitted in
the same frame next to an oven under the said range. The whole is
fitted with gas apparatus which only requires to be connected with the
meter.
In my former Inventions above referred to the atmospheric gas
apparatus consists of a single ring with one supply of gas, but in my
present Invention I intend to use the ring with a double supply, that is
to say, with an inlet at each end of the ring, each inlet having its own
chamber and stop-cock; or I may use double rings, by which I can
regulate the heat as required. One of the double rings (usually the

page_text: inner one) is fitted with small "adamas" jets, and the other with larger
jets. By means of the outer rings the heat may be got up rapidly, and
by means of the inner ring with smaller jets the heat may be kept up to
a given temperature after turning off the outer one. Each ring has its
own air chamber and gas cock. The barrel of the ring is to be of oval
section so as to obtain area in depth instead of in width.
My Invention with reference to heating apparatus consists in the use
of a loose metal cover over that of glazed earthenware or china in my
former Patent, No. 3124 (One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight).
The space between the inner and outer cylinder is filled with loose non-
conducting material, such as "adamas," clinkers, and charcoal, in order
to isolate the heat and absorb or carry off products of combustion of gas.
The heat is thereby prevented from ascending too rapidly, and is to a
great extent forced to escape through the open space at the bottom of
the apparatus; the outer cover being also supported by a metal frame
will serve as a guard for the inner apparatus. The outer cover may be
made ornamental.
"
And my Invention with reference to lighting apparatus consists in the
insertion in the bottom of the tube of gas burners of a plug of "adamas"
or other suitable bad conducting material of a square or other suitable
angular section, so as when inserted therein to leave spaces for the
passage of gas between the inside of the tube and the outside of the
plug. The object of this arrangement is to retard combustion, increase
light, and regulate the pressure and consumption of gas.
Having thus stated the nature of the said Invention, I will proceed to
describe more particularly in what manner the same is to be performed
by reference to the accompanying Drawings, in which are represented
the principal parts of the apparatus above referred to.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 represents the apparatus for roasting on a large scale to be used
with a crane; Fig. 2 shews a similar apparatus (drawn to a smaller
scale) and somewhat varying in detail from that shewn at Fig. 1; Fig. 3
represents a roasting oven; Fig. 4 represents a combined open kitchen
range and oven; Fig. 5 represents a loose metal cover for heating
apparatus; Figures 6, 7, 8, and 9 represent the "adamas" plug for gas
burners. In all these several Figures the same letters of reference
indicate corresponding parts.

page_text: A is the roaster, which is a cylindrical case or chamber composed of
fire-clay mixed with other clays suitable for the purpose, contained
within an outer case of iron B of larger diameter, thereby leaving a
space between the two cases, which is filled with any suitable non-
conducting, purifying, and filtering material, such as "adamas," clinkers,
and charcoal. The cases A and B are supported on a carriage, as shewn,
or they may be otherwise supported and constructed so as to occupy a
position underneath the kitchen floor, which is represented at C. In this
floor is an opening immediately over the roaster, which is covered as re-
quired by the fire-clay reflector D fixed to the under side of the moveable
part C✶ of the floor (which is by preference of iron) hinged to the
stationary floor C. There is an air space between the reflector D and
the moveable part C* of the floor, which last are counterbalanced by
means of a chain running over an iron sheave. E is a winding apparatus
-fixed against the wall, of which the worm wheel F gears with a worm G
worked by a handle for the purpose of raising the flap or moveable
floor C* by means of a chain and the reflector D into the position shewn
in Fig. 1 and lowering it as required. H is the atmospheric gas ring,
the jets of which are underneath perforations in the plate I at each side
of the bottom of the roaster, so that the gas and products of combustion
may pass through such perforations into the space between the cases A
and B, where the noxious vapours passing through the filtering and
purifying material in such space will eventually escape therefrom by the
pipe J into suitable underground flues; K is a pipe for the escape of
steam and heated vapour from the upper part of the roaster; L is an
open iron frame or lift, which (as shewn) is raised and lowered as
required through the opening in the floor C by means of a crane M, but
it may be raised and lowered by any other suitable means; N, N, are
gridirons or meat carriers mounted on wheels so as to admit of their
being run into and out of the lift L as required, and furnished with bars
and hooks for suspending the several joints of meat to be roasted. At
the bottom of the lift L are rollers O, O, for guiding its descent and
ascent by passing along the fixed vertical guide bars P, P, which may
be formed with either grooves or ribs for the purpose. The weight of the
lift Land gridirons or meat carriers N, N, is counterbalanced by weights
fixed by means of a chain to the legs of the lift and running over an iron
sheave fixed at the top of the inside columns of the apparatus. It
will be readily understood from the foregoing description of the parts
that when the frame or lift L containing meat carriers N, N, is lowered

page_text: down to the bottom of the cylindrical case A and the reflector D is also
lowered so as to fit over the top of the said case with the moveable iron
floor C*, fitting into and closing the aperture in the floor C, that the
heat generated by the atmospheric gas ring will pass into and heat the
cylindrical chamber or roaster A so as uniformly and effectually to roast
the several joints suspended on the meat carriers N, N. It will also be
understood that when the roasting is completed the flap or moveable
iron floor C✶ may be again raised into the position shewn in Fig. 1,
and the frame or lift L drawn up so as to admit of the several meat
carriers N, N, with their roasted joints being run out of the frame, and
the meat conveniently removed. Q is a pan underneath the ring H
with a spout leading into the jar or receptacle R for the dripping to
run into.
Fig. 2 represents the apparatus above described as drawn to a smaller
scale, and as modified in form, but with all the same general features,
which will need no further description, the several parts being traceable
through the same letters of reference. It may be remarked, however;
that the lift is shewn as arranged to be raised and lowered without a
crane. S is a staircase leading from the kitchen floor to the bottom of
the apparatus.
Fig. 3 represents a roasting oven, one part of the Figure shewing the
oven with the doors open, and the other part shewing it with the doors
closed. a, a, is the iron frame or casing of the oven; b, b, are the doors
lined with fire tiles, which may be corrugated so as to increase the
heating surface and keep the doors cool by forming air spaces between
the tiles and the door; c is the muffle or crown built with fire tiles
forming the sides and back of the oven; d is a meat carrier mounted on
wheels capable of standing on the floor of the oven over the atmospheric
gas ring (not shewn in the Drawing) and of being run out of the oven as
required; it is shewn divided by vertical partitions for the joints of
meat, but it may also be furnished with bars having bents at the end to
rest on the sides of the carrier, and provided with meat hooks for the
several joints to hang on. The jar or receptacle for the dripping is
shewn by dotted lines. The door may be arranged to drop down and
form a table for the meat carrier to rest on. The baking oven is similar
to that shewn except that the bottom is solid and made in tiles or bricks
of fire-clay, and the internal arrangement of the carrier d is fitted with
i

page_text: shelves, or otherwise adapted to receive joints of meat and other articles
to be baked.
Fig. 4 shows the front of a combined open kitchen range and oven.
In this Figure the oven a is shewn at the bottom and resting on the
floor, but it may be mounted on wheels. Above the oven are a series of
drawers c, e, in which may be inserted gridirons for broiling, and on the
top is shown a vessel for boiling. The open kitchen range is not seen in
this Figure, being inside the iron front at the top. The arrangements
under this head of my Invention may be considerably varied so as to
unite in one combined apparatus the means of cooking and heating in
various ways.
Fig. 5 represents in perspective a loose metal cover fitted over the
cover of glazed earthenware or china in the heating apparatus described
in the Specification of my former Patent, No. 3124, (One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-eight). The said metal cover fis-shewn-as-fluted,
but is not necessarily so; it is also shewn supported on a metal
frame g.
Fig. 6 represents a gas burner in the bottom of the tube of which is
inserted a plug of "adamas" or other suitable bad conducting material,
represented as inserted in the tube in Fig. 7, and as detached in
Figures 8 and 9. This plug it will be seen is of a square or angular
section so that when inserted in the tube, as shown in Fig. 7, it leaves
spaces between its sides and the interior of the tube for the passage of
gas to the burner.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I hereby declare that what I claim
as of my Invention is with reference to cooking apparatus,―
First. The arrangement and combination of parts of apparatus
constituting a roaster adapted for roasting large quantities of meat at
a time, and fitted under ground with means for lowering meat carriers
into the roaster and raising them therefrom, as herein-before described.
Secondly. The muffle and carrier, as described, to be used in roasting
and baking ovens.
Thirdly. The ovens and .broiling apparatus combined with the open
kitchen range, as herein-before described.
Fourthly. The metal cover combined with non-conducting material
added to the heating apparatus of the kind herein-before referred to, for

page_text: the purpose of preventing the heat from ascending too rapidly, and
also preventing the products of combustion from mixing with the
atmosphere.
And, lastly. The plug of "adamas" or other bad conducting material
inserted in the inlet of gas burners, or gas burner sockets, or gas burner
nipples for the purpose described,
In witness whereof, I, the said Sigismund Leoni, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Seventeenth day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
Witness,
WILLIAM SPENCE,
8, Quality Court,
Chancery Lane,
Patent Agent.
S. LEONI. (L.S.)