Improvements in Typewriters.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Mar., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 30th Nov., 1893-Accepted, 13th Jan., 1894
Improvements in Typewriters.
We, FRANCIS BUCKLAND, Merchant, of 6 Beulah Road, and WARREN
THOMPSON, Engineer, of 24 Grange Park, both of Thornton Heath, Surrey do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention applies to a key typewriter, with or without mechanical power for
operating, or assisting some, or all, of the movements.
The keys are attached to levers suitably hinged, which operate bell cranks of
convenient form, one arm of said cranks being jointed to the rods carrying the
type. The relative positions and direction of motion of the various parts are
preferably arranged to give the type an approximately horizontal movement
towards the roller on which the paper is extended. The said levers, bell cranks
and attachments may be arranged to radiate from the "printing point," and to
give greater exactitude of alignment the type may strike through a suitably
coned, or tapered, plate placed near to the paper roller, or guides may be attached
to the hammer hereinafter mentioned. The type may also be arranged to strike
on the roller in such a position that a hammer can be brought in contact with
the back of the said type, to give a stronger impression, preferably for manifolding.
This hammer may be operated by the movement of said levers or cranks, or by.
means of a clockwork train preferably liberated by the action of the levers and
bell cranks. The return of the various parts to their normal position may be
assisted by springs or weights, and suitable connections may be made between the
parts to prevent a rebound. The spacing mechanism may be operated direct from
the levers or bell cranks, in any of the well known ways; or it may be arranged
to move the roller carriage so as to extend a spring fixed at one end in such
a way, that the roller carriage will be returned to its original position automatically
from any predetermined length of "line" printed, when the spring is allowed to
close to its normal length. The movement of the roller carriage and consequent
extension of said spring, may be obtained from a suitable clock work train
liberated by the action of said levers, and governed by an escapement. The
paper is held on the roller by a clamp actuated by a spiral spring in said roller.
The line spacing may be produced by any of the well known means, or it may .
be obtained by a, preferably, fixed wedge shaped piece on the case, engaging with
a suitable toothed wheel on the roller spindle, when the roller carriage is brought
back to the "commencing" position. The said wedge piece may be jointed and
act by a spring or its own weight, so as to engage with a different tooth of the
wheel on the roller, at each return.
The hereinbefore described improvements can be made into a complete type-
writer, with the addition of any, or all, of the usual inking devices and other
fittings.
נ לט . נ.י.ת
Dahma1802
G. T. HARRAP,
Agent for Applicants.

page_text: Improvements in Typewriters.
We, FRANCIS BUCKLAND Merchant, of 6 Beulah Road, and WARREN
THOMPSON, Engineer, of 24 Grange Park, both of Thornton Heath, Surrey
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
Our invention applies to a key typewriter with or without mechanical power for
operating, or assisting some or all of the movements.
That our invention may be more readily understood we have attached hereto a
sheet of drawings, in which
Fig. 1, is a sectional elevation of a complete machine;
Fig. 2, a front elevation of one form of paper carriage ;
Figs. 3 & 4, details of parts of the machine;
Fig. 5, a modified form of paper carriage;
Fig. 6, a modification of the type levers.
Similar letters in the various figures refer to similar parts.
The keys B (Fig. 1) are attached to levers C, suitably hinged or pivotted at D,
and having a pin E which operates the bell cranks F. G. These bell cranks are
suitably hinged or pivotted at H, and have one part F formed with a slot of
suitable form to receive the pin E, while the other, arm G is pivotted at 1 to the
type arm K, having the type L at one end. The relative positions and directions
of motion of the various parts described are arranged to give the type Lan
approximately horizontal movement towards the paper roller O, the printing
position of the type being shown in dotted lines at 2.
The
The said lever C, bell cranks F. G, type arm K and connections are preferably
arranged to radiate from the "printing point" (2) in plan, and to give greater
exactitude of alignment the type may strike through, or against, a suitably coned
or tapered plate placed near to, and over, the paper roller, or guides may be
attached to the hammer hereafter mentioned to produce the same result.
type L may also be arranged to strike on the roller O in such a position that
a hammer P can be brought in contact with the back of said type, to give a stronger
impression, preferably for manifolding. Said hammer P is pivotted at Q to a part
of the frame of the typewriter A, and at the lower end is provided with a bar R
which lies near the upper edges of the lever C. When the keys B. are depressed,
that part of the lever C which is under R will be raised, and so raise R. This will
cause a depression of P and bring it in contact with the type, when said type is in
the position 2.
The slot in the hell crank arm F is of such a shape as to produce
a rapid forward motion of the type, until said type is in the printing position, and
afterwards to maintain the type in that position during the depression of
hammer P.
The connecting portions between the hammer P and bar R may be divergent so
as to clear the bell cranks &c. When the key B is released the spring. T will
bring the bar R and hammer P to their normal positions, and a stop S may be
employed to fix this position.
The movement of the said hammer P may be also produced by a suitable
clock work train liberated by the action of the levers or bell cranks, suitably
connected to the escapement.
The return of the various parts previously described, to their normal positions,
may be assisted by separate springs or weights attached to same, instead of by
means of the spring T.
The shape of the slot in the bell crank arm F should be so shaped as to prevent

page_text: a rebound, and the connections between the pin E and arm F may be made flexible
or thro' a spring, for the same purpose.
The spacing mechanism may be operated direct from the levers C, or bell
cranks F. G., in any of the well known ways. We prefer however to produce this
movement by means of the arrangement shown in Figs. 1. 2. & 3. The paper
roller O is mounted on a spindle V turning in bearing in the carriage W. The
paper may be pressed to the roller O by the small roller X and rubber bands 15.
The carriage may be provided with rollers Z, at each end, which run on a bar Y
carried in the frame A. The front of the carriage 5 may run on a roller (or
rollers) 6, also carried on a part of the frame A. The carriage 5 is provided with
a rack (Fig. 2) and is pulled to the right by the cord, or chain 12, winding round
the drum 10, which works on the pin 11, fixed to the frame A. The drum 10
contains a suitable coil spring attached at one end to the inside periphery of the
drum, and to the pin 11 at the other end.
As the carriage is moved to the left the spring in the drum 10 is coiled
up, and is made of such strength, that, when released, the carriage will be
drawn back to the right, quickly. The said carriage is prevented from moving to
the right by the pawl 14, which is fixed to the frame A; but an adjustable stop 9
is provided on the carriage & strikes a lever 8, in one with the pawl 14, so
throwing said pawl out of gear with the rack at any position of the travel of the
carriage.
The pawl 14 being raised will allow the spring in the drum 10 to operate and so
cause the carriage to move to the right. The movement of the said carriage to the
left is effected by a lever 7, also pivotted to the frame A, and having a projection 13.
operated by a projection U on the hammer lever P. R.
It will be readily understood that on each depression of the hammer P, the point
of the lever 7 will be moved to the left, engage with the rack 5, and move the
carriage as required. The amount of travel of the said carriage may be varied by
sliding the pivot of the lever 7 nearer to the piece U. This can be done by
having the said pivot in a slot in the frame A, or mounting it on a bar or lever.
The said lever 7 may be in two parts jointed in the usual way so that on its return
to its normal position, it will easily pass back over the rack, a spring may be
attached to the parts to bring the free end to its proper position. To give an
easier movement to the lever 7, roller 7 may be used. This roller will be carried
on a pin on the lever 7, and the lower end of the projection U will be arranged to
come in contact with the said roller during its downward motion, the upward
moving causing the certain return of lever 7 by contact with 13, as before.
While the carriage is passing from left to right the pawl 14 must be held clear
of the rack 5. This is accomplished by the spring 16 (Fig. 3) which is attached to
the frame A at one end, and has a projection 15 at the other. This projection 15
is of such form, that the raising of the pawl 14 will press the spring 16 towards the
frame A, until the said pawl is above said projection, when the projection will fly
back under the pawl and so keep the pawl clear of the rack 5.
When the carriage
has returned to its original position the adjustable stop 9ª (Fig. 2) comes in contact
with the end of spring 16, and presses it back again towards the frame A. This
action releases the pawl 14 and allows it to drop into the rack.
Any suitable form of spring or weight may be used to return the carriage; or it
may be done by a clock work train, liberated by adjustable stops in connection with
the escapement.
The line spacing may be produced by any of the well known means, used for
revolving the roller O on its axis V, or moving the paper backward and forward
under the type. We prefer however to use the mechanisin shown in Figs. 1. 2. & 4.
The spindle V is fitted with a suitable star wheel 3, which gears with the tongue 4,
when the carriage is finishing the last part of its travel to the right. The shape of
this tongue is shown by the plan at Fig. 4, from which it will be seen that when a
tooth of the star wheel 3 engages with the tip of the tongue 4, it will cause a partial
revolution of said wheel, while passing towards the frame A., The, tongue 4.is

page_text: hinged to a bracket 18, so that as the carriage and star wheel travel to the left the
roller O will not be revolved. A light spring 19 is provided to return the tongue
to it's normal position when free of the star wheel, and an adjustment: 17 may be
provided for fixing this position. It will be readily understood therefore that a
different tooth on the star wheel 3, will engage with the tongue 4, on each return of
the carriage.
A fixed bar 22 (Fig. 5) may be used for receiving the pressure of the type Lat
the printing operation, instead of the roller O previously described. In such case
the roller Ŏ will be the originator of the movement of the paper, assisted by the
light rollers X, 20 & 21, conveniently geared to the roller O, by bands or wheels.
Suitable bands 39 may be also arranged to run over the rollers X, 20 & 21, as
shown, to move the paper. A tension wheel or roller 37, may be employed to keep
the bands 39 properly stretched, a spring or weighted lever being used for this
purpose. The bands 39 may be made movable along the axis of the rollers so as to
hold varying widths of paper. The bar 22 can be a fixture, the rollers and paper
moving along same end wise for producing the spacing.
The type L may be inked by passing over the two inking rollers N (Fig. 1)
which run in an ink trough fixed on the frame A. The continuation of the
trough M may then form the guide or rest for the type L, when in the normal
position.
The type may be operated by the arrangement of levers shown at Fig: 6, in
which B represents the key, C the lever with pivot D and pin E, F. G., the bell
crank with pivots H & 1, K the type arm, L the type, 2 the printing position of
type and the paper roller suitably arranged and all as previously described.
To produce a more conveniently horizontal forward movement of the type a
second lever 24 may be used, with a pivot 25 carried in the frame, and a pin at 26
on the type arm K. An extension of the lever 24, may be made as shown by 27,
and the end of this extension can be furnished with a suitable ink trough 28.
It will be seen that the type L rests on the ink trough 28 when in the normal
position; but in the printing position 2, the ink trough is quite clear, as shown in
dotted lines. The hammer P may be carried on a short lever, hinged to the frame
at Q, and connected by a pin 33 to a red 31, which is pivotted at 32 to the lever
or levers 30. This lever or levers, is pivotted to the frame at any convenient
position as 29 and carries a bar R, as previously described. Suitable springs can
be attached to the parts to return them to their normal positions. The con-
nections between levers 30 & P Q may be made in any other suitable manner, than
that herein described.
The paper may be guided to and from the roller O, by suitable guides or
rollers, and so that absolute certainty may be relied on in moving the paper, the
clips shown in Fig. 6 may be used. Thin clips 34 are placed preferably, at each
end of the roller O, and are connected together by a pin 35 passing through the
full length of the said roller and hinged therein. A handle 36 is fixed on the end
of the said pin for raising the clips to receive the edge of the paper, while a
suitable spring on the end of the roller O holds the clips down on the paper.
When the type arm K carries more than one character at L, the said type
arm has a varying stroke, a stop being arranged over the roller O (Figs. 1 & 6)
or bar 22 (Fig. 5) for the end of the type arm to strike against, and fix by its
position which character shall be printed. The dotted positions marked 2 will
represent the printing point of the first character, the end of the arm coming
against the stop when in this, its usual, position. For a second character the stop
will be moved back towards the rollers X, and so allow the second type to come
into position 2. A larger number of characters may be fixed on the said type
arm, the stop being arranged accordingly. The said stop may be a simple bar or
plate, operated by a slide or lever from any convenient position.
The stop may also be made V shaped in plan with the divergent arms towards
the type arms, and thus bring each type to the proper printing point laterally.
-The bell crank G. may be jointed. and fitted with. a spring as shown in dotted

page_text: lines at Fig. 6, to allow "play" if required, in such an arrangement for using
more than one character in the type arm.
It will be evident that if the hammer P be not used, the connection between
the bar R and the spacing mechanism must be employed, or the equivalent thereof.
It will be evident also that when no hammer P is employed in the arrangement
shown at Fig. 1, the guide plate previously described for producing proper
alignment must be so shaped as to press the type on the paper.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
I. In typewriters the levers C, bell cranks F. G. and connections, with or
without the hammer P, as described herein with reference to Fig. 1.
II. In typewriters the levers C, bell cranks F. G., lever 24 and connections,
with or without the hammer P, as described herein with reference to Fig. 6.
III. In typewriters the letter spacing and automatic return mechanism, consisting
of the drum and contained spring 10, the operating lever 7, the retaining pawl 14,
the adjustable stops 9 & 9*, together with the bar R, projection U (or other
equivalents) às described herein with reference to Figs. 1, 2 & 3.
IV. In typewriters the automatic line spacing mechanism, consisting of the star
wheel 3 and tongue 4 as described herein with reference to Figs. 1, 2 & 4.
V. In typewriters the extension 27 of the lever 24, and ink trough 28, as
described with reference to Fig. 6.
VI. In typewriters the inking roller, or rollers, N with, or without, a trough as
described herein with reference to Fig. 1.
VII. In typewriters the combination of the various parts claimed together with
the bar 22, with the paper moving rollers O, X, 20 & 21, with or without the gear
and bands, as described herein with reference to Fig. 5.
VIII. In typewriters the clips 34, pin 35 and handle 36 as described herein
with reference to Fig. 6.
IX. In typewriters having two or more characters on one type arm the
adjustable shaped stop for regulating the character to be printed and the
correct printing position of such characters as herein described with reference to
Figs. 1, 5 & 6.
X. The combination of the various parts to form a complete typewriter as herein
described with reference to all the figures.
Dated this 30th day of November 1893.
G. T. HARRAP,
Agent for Applicants.