AN IMPROVEMENT IN LEVER HORSE HOES AND LEVER CORN DRILLS FOR THE HOEING AND SOWING
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Sainty, of Burnham Market, Norfolk, Agri-
cultural Implement Maker, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
LEVER HORSE HOES AND LEVER CORN DRILLS FOR THE HOEING AND SOWING OF
Sealed the 28th July 1865, and dated the 1st February 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Sainty at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st February
1865.
I, JOHN SAINTY, of Burnham Market, in the County of Norfolk, Agri-
cultural Implement Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN LEVER HORSE HOES AND LEVER CORN DRILLS
POR THE HOEING AND SOWING OF WHEAT AND TURNIPS, AND ALL OTHER SEED AND
ROOT CROPS," to be as follows:-
It consists of machinery for hoeing and sowing wheat, barley, oats, turnips,
and mangold wurtzel, by means of which, in the case of a lever horse hoe, the
land is more evenly hoed, because the lifting of the hoe is prevented in stony
or thistly ground, and the draft of the horses is thereby decreased; and in the
case of the lever sowing drill by the same even pressure, the coulters of the
drill are kept at an equable depth from the surface. This is performed on
the levers of both hoes and drill by a sear spring and a guard; the spring is
attached to the levers of the hoe or drill by means of a clasp forged on the
lower end of the sear spring, which is tightened and regulated by a screw bolt

page_text: which can be removed into separate grooves in the lever in order to increase
the pressure of the spring when required.
The guard wherein the sear spring and lever oscillate is pierced with holes,
and provided with a split spring bolt, the alteration of placing which in the
holes in the guard produces a pressure varying from one to seven pounds
weight without the use of any extra weights which are now used in all horse
hoes and drilling machines.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Sainty in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st
August 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
SAINTY, of Burnham Market, Norfolk, Agricultural Implement Maker, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said John Sainty, Her special licence that I, the said John
Sainty, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said John Sainty, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for " AN
IMPROVEMENT IN LEVER HORSE HOES AND LEVER CORN DRILLS FOR THE HOEING
AND SOWING OF WHEAT AND TURNIPS, AND ALL OTHER SEED, AND ROOT CROPS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Sainty, my
executors or administrators,, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain,
the nature of the said Invention, and in what, manner the same, was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
i
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Sainty, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement,

page_text: reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the letters and
figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
:―
My Invention relates to an improved arrangement of machinery for hoeing
and sowing wheat, barley, oats, turnips, and mangold wurtzel, by means of
which, in the case of a lever horse hoe the land is more evenly hoed, because
the lifting of the hoe is prevented in stoney or thistley ground. And in the
case of the lever sowing drill by the same even pressure the coulters are kept
at an equal depth from the surface, and in both instances the weight and con-
sequently the draught of the implement is materially decreased. These
advantages are attained by adapting to the levers of both hoes and drills sear
springs in place of weights, which springs work through guards carried by a
guard bar, and may be regulated as to the pressure they shall put upon their
respective levers by means of split spring bolts which fit into holes pierced in
the guards. By shifting these spring bolts in the holes in the guard a pressure
may be produced according to the requirements of the work equal to from one
to seven or more pounds weight, without employing weights which are now
used in all horse hoes and drilling machines.
a
The Invention also affords incidentally the following advantages, viz., first,
light lift, there being no dead weight in the form of pendent weights to raise
when the hoes or coulters are required to be lifted clear of the ground;
second, the use of chains and a barrel is not required for this light lift; third,
the end levers do not require to be cranked and canted, as in the ordinary
implement, to enable the hoes or coulters to act on the whole width of land
covered by the running wheels of the implement.
In the accompanying Drawing, Fig. 1 she ws in side elevation a drill con
structed according to this Invention, and adjusted for working in hard land,
and Fig. 2 is an end elevation of the same; Fig. 3 shews, in side elevation,
the same implement with the levers suspended and the coulters clear of the
ground. This application of my Invention will sufficiently indicate to com-
petent agricultural implement makers the manner of applying the Invention
to lever horse hoes. In many respects the drill is constructed according to
the ordinary manner, and the same remark applies to hoes with my Invention
adapted thereto.
A, A, are side frames which carry the drill box B, and to these side frames
are bolted pendent brackets C, C, for carrying the cross bar D, which serves
to carry the inner ends of the levers E on which the coulters are fitted.
Attached to the cross bar D is a pair of arms F, which are curved at their
rear ends, and serve to carry a transverse shaft G, which I term the guard
bar; fitted to this bar is a series of guards H, one for each lever E. The

page_text: form of these guards is shown best in the enlarged detached views, Figures 4.
and 5; they are made of plate iron pierced with a series of holes a to receive
a split key b, against the under side of which bears the sear spring c, which
is intended to perform the duty of the ordinary pendent weights of the lever
drill or.horse hoe. The sear springs c are secured by clips and screw bolts to
their respective levers, as shewn best at Fig. 4, and by their ends being
confined between their point of connection with their respective levers and
the bearing point in the guard they will hold down the levers, and keep the
coulters or the hoes (as the case may be) in contact with the ground. The
coulters and the boes are set alternately in advance and in rear as usual; it
will be necessary, therefore, to vary somewhat the strength of the springs to
compensate for the difference of leverage, as will be well understood. Mounted
on the cross bar G near their opposite ends are a pair of link bars. I, which
are jointed respectively to the lower ends of one of a pair of shackle frames K,
and serve to support them; these shackle frames are connected together by
means of a band bar which extends across the back of the implement, and is
held by the attendant when the implement is at work. These frames have a
sector-shaped opening at their lower part to allow of the link bars rocking
freely therein, and at their upper part they have a long narrow slot or opening
for the purpose of receiving a pin or bowl carried by the side frames A;
these long slots terminate at top in a seat and at bottom in a bearing for the
pins or bowls of the side frames, the object being by putting these pins or
bowls in the position, with respect to the shackle frames, shewn at Figure 1,
to hold the coulters (or hoes) down to their work, and by lifting the shackle
frames into the position, shewn at Figure 3, to keep the coulters (or hoes) clear
of the ground when the implement is required to be turned. This lifting of
the coulters with their levers is effected readily by the attendant by simply
raising the hand bar L; when, however, the implement is working in light
ground the pins or bowles of the frames A will remain somewhere near the
position indicated in red at Fig. 1.
I would remark, that it is not essential to the practical utility of my
Invention to regulate the pressure of the springs by means of adjustable pins,
as described, for a fixed bearing surface, for the free end of the spring may in
general be used.
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention of an improvement in
lever horse hoes and lever corn drills for the hoeing and sowing of wheat
and turnips, and all other seed and root crops, and explained the manner
of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that, under the
above in part recited Letters Patent I claim, applying pressure springs to

page_text: the levers of horse hoes and drills, as above described, whereby I am enabled
to increase the efficiency, lighten the draft, and facilitate the manipulation of
those implements.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Sainty, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Twenty-fourth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
JOHN SAINTY. (L.S.)