IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF PACKING FOR THE JOINTS OF STEAM AND WATER PIPES STUFFING- BOXES AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES to be as follows
Year: 1884

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
We SAMUEL TURNER of Spotland Works Rochdale in the County of Lancaster
and JOHN BELL of 118 Southwark Street London Asbestos Manufacturers do
hereby declare the nature of the invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF PACKING FOR THE JOINTS OF STEAM AND WATER PIPES STUFFING-
BOXES AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES to be as follows:-
"
This invention has for its object first an improvement in the manufacture of
what is termed and known in the trado as "Asbestos" and "India rubber woven
sheeting" used for making tight the joints of steam and water pipes and for other
similar packing purposes.
Hitherto this material has been made from a cloth manufactured from cotton
yarn warp woven with asbestos yarn weft, but cloth made in this manner has
manifestly great weakness for this purpose particularly when subjected to great
heat, owing to the perishable nature of the cotton yarn contained in it which
becomes rapidly burnt away or destroyed, thus leaving only the asbestos weft to
resist the heat and pressure.
To overcome this objection another method of manufacturing the cloth has been
practised by forming the warp threads partly of asbestos and partly of cotton
thread but this also to a certain extent has been a failure for the purpose, by reason
of the cotton portion of the warp becoming rapidly destroyed.
Cloth made from pure asbestos has also been tried but hitherto owing to the
weakness of the fibre, yarns of the requisite fineness and sufficiently strong for the
manufacture of cloth close enough in texture for this purpose have not, to the best
of our knowledge been made; and when the " sheeting" is made from pure
asbestos cloth it has been found too open in texture to resist the pressure of steam
and water.
""
Our improvement consists principally in the manufacture of this "sheeting"
from a cloth composed of fine brass, copper, or other suitable wire warp, and
asbestos yarn weft, or it may when desirable be composed of asbestos yarn warp
and wire weft, according to an invention for which we have made application for
Letters Patent bearing even date herewith; but when a close and fine texture is
required we prefer to make it with wire warp, the greater strength of the wire
permitting of the weſt being beaten up more closely.

page_text: One of the advantages of this combination of wire and asbestos over that of
cotton or other vegetable, or animal fibre is that it is practically unaffected by
heat.
Another that whereas Asbestos is found to be a great absorbent of moisture and
yarn made thereof when in a moist state loses part of its tension the wire when
made from a metal which is not so liable to corrosion serves to bind and hold the
asbestos yarn more firmly in position and make a more permanent joint. The
cloth is now spread or coated over on one or both sides as may be required, in
the usual way with an adhesure substance such as India rubber solution or a
compound of india rubber and other ingredients such as are commonly used for
the coating or spreading of cloth to be made up into packing, and when dry is
ready for use. The material however may be made to any required thickness
in the usual way by putting two or more plies together, the rubber solution or
other adhesive substance or compound serving to hold the same together, and when
two or more plies are put together we prefer to place the wire. threads of one ply
at right angles or thereabouts to those of the sheet next to it, by crossing the
threads in this manner they bind or hold each other more firmly in position when
screwed up in the joint.
Secondly, in the manufacture or formation of what is termed or known as
Asbestos and Indin rubber woven sheeting tape and of washers for steam and
water joints for the same purpose from the same material.
Thirdly in the manufacture from the same rubber or adhesive coated cloth of
packing for the stuffing boxes of piston rods, valve spindles and other similar
purposes by rolling wrapping piling or folding the same together; the wire threads
serving to bind or hold together the asbestos threads much more firmly and give
greater resistance to the friction of the moving parts thereby adding to the
durability of the packing.
Packing made from this cloth may have a core of India rubber to give elasticity
or a core may when desirable be formed by rolling up adhesive coated cloth made
partly or wholly from asbestos or entirely from vegetable or animal fibre or from
strands of asbestos or other yarn plaited together or otherwise and afterwards
coated with adhesive substance or not as may be desired but having one or more
folds of the ashestos and wire cloth on the outside for its better protection against
the friction of the moving parts.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
We SAMUEL TURNER of Spotland Works Rochdale in the County of Lancaster,
and JOHN BELL of 118 Southwark Street London, Asbestos manufacturers do
bereby declare the nature of our invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF PACKING FOR THE JOINTS OF STEAM AND WATER PIPES STUFFING
BOXES AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES " and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention has for its object first an improvement in the manufacture of
what is termed and known in the trade as "asbestos and india rubber woven
sheeting" used for making tight the joints of steam and water pipes and for other
similar packing purposes.
'
Hitherto this material has been made from a cloth manufactured from. cotton
yarn warp, woven with asbestos yarn weft, but cloth made in this manner has
manifestly great weakness for this purpose particularly when subjected to great
heat owing to the perishable nature of the cotton yarn contained in it which
becomes rapidly burnt away or destroyed, thus leaving only the asbestos weft to
resist the heat and pressure.
To overcome this objection another method of manufacturing the cloth has been
practised by forming the warp threads partly of asbestos and partly of cotton
thread, but this also to a certain extent has been a failure for the purpose, by
reason of the cotton portion of the warp becoming rapidly destroyed.
Cloth made from pure asbestos has also been tried, but hitherto, owing to the
weakness of the fibre or yarns of the requisite fineness and sufficiently strong for
the manufacture of cloth close enough in texture, for this purpose, have not, to the
best of our knowledge, been made, and when the "sheeting" is made from pure
asbestos cloth it has been found too open in texture to resist the pressure of steam
and water.
""
Our improvement consists principally in the manufacture of this "sheeting
from a cloth composed of fine brass, copper, or other suitable wire warp, and hard
spun asbestos yarn weft, or it may when desirable be composed of asbestos yarn
warp and wire weft according to an invention for which we have made application
for Letters Patent bearing even date herewith; but when a close and fine texture
is required we prefer to make it with wire warp, the greater strength of the wire
permitting of the weft being beaten up more closely.
One of the advantages of this combination of wire and asbestos over that of
cotton or other vegetable, or animal fibre is that it is practically unaffected by
heat.
Another, that whereas asbestos is found to be a great absorbent of moisture and
yarn made thereof when in a moist state loses part of its tension the wire when
made from a metal which is not so liable to corrosion serves to bind and hold the
asbestos yarn more firmly in position and make a more permanent joint.

page_text: The cloth is now spread or coated over on one or both sides as may be required
in the usual way with an adhesive substance such as india rubber solution, or a
compound of india rubber and other ingredients such as are commonly used for the
coating or spreading of cloth to be made up into packing and when dry is ready
for use.
The material however may be made to any required thickness in the
usual way by putting two or more plies together, the rubber solution or other
adhesive substance or compound serving to hold the same together.. And, when
two or more plies are put together we prefer to place the wire threads of one ply
at right angles or thereabouts to those of the sheet next to it; by crossing the
threads in this manner they bind or hold each other more firmly in position when
screwed up in the joint.
Secondly in the manufacture or formation of what is termed or known as
asbestos and "india rubber woven sheeting tape" and of washers for steam and
water joints for the same purpose from the same material..
Thirdly in the manufacture from the saine rubber or adhesive coated cloth of
packing for the stuffing boxes of piston rods, valve spindles and other similar
purposes by rolling wrapping piling or folding the same together, the wire threads
serving to bind or hold together, the asbestos threads much, more firmly and give
greater resistance to the friction of the moving parts thereby adding to the
durability of the packing.
Packing made from this cloth may have a core of india rubber to give elasticity,
or a core may when desirable be formed by rolling up adhesive coated cloth made
partly or wholly from asbestos or entirely from vegetable or animal fibre or from
strands of asbestos or other yarn. plaited together or otherwise and afterwards
coated with adhesive substance or not as may be desired, but having one or more
folds of the asbestos and wire cloth on the outside for its better protection against
the friction of the moving parts.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we clam is
1
First. The manufacture of the article known as “asbestos and india rubber woven
sheeting" for packing by the combination of a cloth composed of hard spun
asbestos yarn interwoven with fine brass, copper, or other suitable wire with
a solution of india rubber or a compound of india rubber and other ingredients
such as are commonly used for coating ordinary woven fabrics.
Secondly. The manufacture of the articles known as "india rubber woven
sheeting to po" and "washers" for packing the joints of steam and water pipes by
means of strips, or tapes of "asbesto-metallic cloth" combined or coated with
a solution of india rubber or its compounds.
•
Thirdly. The manufacture of packing for stuffing boxes of piston rods, valve
spindles and other similar purposes by rolling, wrapping, piling or folding "asbesto-
metallic cloth" coated with a solution of india rubber either alone or in combination
with other ingredients.