Improvements in and relating to Stoneware, Earthenware, and other Pipes and Pipe Joints, and in Apparatus connected therewith.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 11th June, 1898
Complete Specification Left, 10th Mar., 1899-Accepted, 15th Apr., 1899
Improvements in and relating to Stoneware, Earthenware, and other
Pipes and Pipe Joints, and in Apparatus connected therewith.
I, JOHN HOLMES SUTTON, of Holywell House, Ashby-de-la-Zouch, in the County
of Leicester, Manufacturer of Stoneware Sanitary Goods, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows,
Hitherto in laying sewage, or other pipes, disadvantages and difhculties have
been experienced, in that all parts of the end of the spigot, do not come into
even contact with the shoulder of the socket, and an imperfect jointing exists,
which causes eddying currents in the flow of the liquid or sewage, detrimental
to the velocity of flow
Now the primary object of my invention is to overcome these disadvantages
and defects, and to produce a true water-tight joint in every respect, by providing
means whereby the end of the spigot of one pipe, shall be caused to fit, at all
points, close up to the socket shoulder of the next adjacent pipe, and present an
uninterrupted and unbroken channel.
With this object in view, and according to my invention I provide upon the
end of the spigot a fixed ring of cement, or any suitable composition, so formed
that the face or end surface of the composition ring, is a plane surface truly at
right angles to the axis of the pipe Generally I make a
projecting annular
bead or beads of suitable shape in cross section, upon the plane face of the com-
position ring, and such bead may be of slightly smaller diameter or size than
the opening o1 recess in the socket hereinafter referred to The ring may be
made to project at parts beyond the exterior circular surface of the spigot end,
and such projections may extend a short distance along the exterior circular
surface of such pipe
Upon the exterior circular surface, and at a distance from the end of the
spigot, not greater than the length of the interior of the socket, I form a second
annular bend of composition, the exterior circular surface of which shall be at
right angles, or thereabouts, to the end surface of the ring formed at the end
of the spigot
On the shoulder of the socket I provide a simula ng of cement or composition,
having the end or outer surface truly at right angles to the axis of the pipe, there
hemg an annular recess in such surface, to receive the aforesaid projecting bead
upon the spigot end of the pipe, the composition ring upon the said socket end
may extend in parts a short distance along the socket.
Around the inside and at or near the top of the socket, I form a band of com-
position, which shall coincide with and be in contact or nearly in contact with
the circular surface of the 1ng formed around the exterior of the spigot, when
the pipes are fitted together, also if required the surface may be roughened to
facilitate adherence of the composition rings
In fitting pipes together when formed or constructed according to my inven-
tion, the annular recess or projection of the composition ring of the shoulder

page_text: of the socket 18 treated with cement, such as mastic cement, or other pliable com-
position, and also the surface of the top ring within such socket, and the pipes
are then placed together, when the rings will fit against and into each other
accurately, and a perfect joint will be formed with true alignment at the invert,
and other portions of the interior circular surface, and without being affected
by any inaccuracies of formation of the pipes. A liquid cement or other material
18 then poured into the space between the composition rings by means of a hole
in the wall of the socket, a second hole being formed for the escape of air
The apparatus I employ according to my invention to form the rings of cement or
composition on the pipes is as follows: For the spigot I provide a mould ring for
the end thereof, and a second mould ring for the exterior band, the two ring>
being rigidly connected by bars in such manner that the surface of the recesses
in the two moulds shall be at right angles to each other
The mould rings may
have flanged edges, and suitable apertures are formed by which the composition
may be poured therein Extending at about right angles through bars con-
necting the mould rings I provide adjustment screws, which can be brought into
contact with the sides of the pipe, and say for example, the end mould adjusted
until at right angles with the axis of the pipe, when the side ring will conse-
quently be at right angles to the said end ring The end ring may have lugs to
take on the end of the pipe to which the apparatus is applied.
A segmental flange may be formed on the end mould, to take against the
invert of the pipe
Mould rings connected together substantially as aforesaid are provided for
the socket, and the mould ring for the shoulder I preferably provide with a
flexible inetal flange ring, extending into the pipe and adjustable relatively to
the said mould ring
This flexible ring I fit so that it may be adjusted to the
interior of the pipe after the mould rings are in position, its purpose being to
form the edge of the composition ring flush with the interior of the pipe.
The flexible ring may be applied in moulding the interior surface of the com-
position ring at the spigot end
In some cases I may employ my adjustment devices for my end moulds and
dispense with the side moulds
Dated this 10th day of Inne 1898
Improvements in and relating to Stoneware, Earthenware, and other
Pipes and Pipe Joints, and in Apparatus connected therewith.
I, JOHN HOLMES SUTTON, of Holywell House, Ashby-de-la-Zouch, in the County
of Leicester, Manufacturer of Stoneware Sanitary Goods, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement.-
Hitherto in laying sewage or other pipes disadvantages and difficulties have
been experienced in that all parts of the end of the spigot do not come into
even contact with the shoulder of the socket, and an imperfect jointing exists,
which causes eddying currents in the flow of the liquid or sewage, detrimental
to the velocity of flow
Now the primary object of my invention is to overcome these disadvantages
and defects and to produce a true water-tight joint in every respect by pro-
viding means whereby the end of the spigot of one pipe shall be caused to fit

page_text: at all points close up to the socket shoulder of the next adjacent pipe and present
an uninterrupted and unbroken channel
In order that my invention may be readily understood I will describe same
with reference to the accompanying drawings whereon Fig. 1 is a longitudinal
section shewing my improved jointing of the spigot and socket ends of pipes.
Fig. 2 is an end elevation of the spigot end of one of the pipes shewn at Fig. 1,
Fig. 3 is a sectional detail of the jointing, and Fig. A is a plan of a portion of
the upper outside surface of the socket Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 illustrate means
for forming the cement or composition contact rings on the pipes all as here-
after described.
Similar letters of reference refer to like parts on the several figures of the
drawing.
Referring more particularly to Fig. 1, I form upon the end of the spigot A
of the pipe A', a fixed ring B of cement or any suitable composition, the said
ring B being so formed that the face or end surface of the composition is a plane
surface truly at right angles to the axis of the pipe Projecting from such plane
end surface of the composition I generally form an annular bead B¹ of any
required section, that shewn being semi-circular in oross section, which I have
found to be a suitable formation.
The ring B 18 advantageously made to project at parts beyond the exterior
circular sm face of the pipe as shewn at B Fig 1, but I do not however form
such projecting part B with a continuous circular surface, but make same as
shewn at Fig 2 and the part B thus forms a guide when placing the spigot in
position
Upon the exterior circular surface and at a short distance from the end of the
spigot, but not at so great a distance as the length of the interior of the socket,
I generally form a second annular band C of composition, the exterior surface
of which shall be at right angles or thereabouts, to the end surface of the face
ring B at the end of the spigot
Upon the shoulder A2 of the socket A³ I form a ring of cement D having an
end or outer plane sui face truly at right angles to the axis of the pipe A', and
I form an annular recess D¹ in the outer surface to receive the aforesaid project-
ing annular bead B¹ upon the spigot end of the next adjacent pipe. The bead B¹
upon the spigot end of the pipe I make somewhat smaller than the annular
recess D of the socket, see Fig. 3
The composition or cement ring D of the socket A³ I generally make to extend
a short distance along the interior of the said socket, as at D, and it is in this
extension of the ring D that the portions of the ring B of the spigot rest
In some cases I form around the interior surface and near the top of the
socket a band E of composition or cement which comes opposite to, and is in
contact or nearly so, with the ring C on the spigot when the pipes are fitted
together, although I would have it understood that this ring C is not absolutely
essential to my invention A hole F 18 formed in the wall of the socket for the
insertion of liquid cement when the pipes are being connected and a second
hole F1 Fig. 4 is furnished to permit the escape of air
When the pipes fitted with the cement or composition rings aforesaid, accord-
ing to my invention, are to be joined together, the principal meeting surfaces
namely, the end face B and bead B¹ of the spigot, and the face D and groove D¹
of the socket are treated with mastic or other suitable flexible composition or cement,
and the spigot is placed in the socket, and the said meeting surfaces brought into
contact Owing to the bead B¹ on the end of the spigot being made to a smaller
radius than the annular recess D¹ on the base of the socket, any carelessness on
the part of the workmen in preparing these pipes with mastic is counteracted,
by the distribution caused by the squeezing of the mastic out of the annular
recess by the bead B¹, thereby making the united surfaces entirely watertight
After having joined the pipes the end of the socket 18 "punned" with clay or

page_text: the like, and liquid, portland, or other cement G, is poured into the annular
space by the hole as usual, when the joint is complete
Where the second 11ngs E and C are employed as in the drawing, these latter
are made with very much less play between them than is usually the case, 80
that they are almost in contact without any addition of mastic or other material
They are also placed so that they lie back from the end of the socket to allow
a recess or space in which clay G³, greased hemp, mastic, or any other material
can be punned, making an absolutely secure joint against the entrance of water.
The joint can be made in water therefore, and the water afterwards pumped out
of the pipes, when it will be found that they are watertight
By my invention I not only improve the jointing, but secure continuity of
invert with greater certainty and ease than heretofore, whereas in many pipe
joints a break 18 liable to occur through a space being left between the spigot
end of one pipe and the base of the socket of the other My improvements in
this direction are of practical importance, as a maximum flow of sewage is
secured in the pipes which is not interfered with, or broken up by the eddying
caused through the space left open, as before explamed In cases where pipes
have to be laid to veiv flat gradients, or in cases where great scouring action is
likely to take place, this advantage will at once assert itself by proportionately
increasing the flow and decreasing the erosive action at the joint
In Jointing the pipes fitted as described, there is considerable certainty that
the pipes are being laid to one continuous gradient, as in driving the spigot
home in the socket, the end of the spigot in taking beanng upon the
base of the socket must make the axis of the pipe parallel to the gradient, owing
to the face being at 1ight angles to the axis, as explained, and until this 18
accomplished the joint cannot be un with cement, as it would leak and thereby
indicate that the pipe was not home or true upon the seat in the socket
The apparatus I employ according to my invention to enable the rings of
cement or composition on the pipes to be formed, 18 shewn in vertical section
at Fig 5, with a pipe in position, the spigot end of the pipe is passed into a
mould ring H, in such manner that the axis of the pipe is coincident with the
axis of the mould 11ng, the latter having studs H' upstanding from its surface
in order to support the spigot end at a distance thei efiom Thus mould ring
15 shewn in plain view at Fig 6, with the
The mould ing
pipe
H
flanged edge to form the exension B³ of the ring B in the outer periphery
of the spigot and a groove to form the bead B₁
has a
lemoved
When the second ring of cement C is to be formed, the mould ring H has
extending bais H to carry a second mould ing H³ at a proper distance from
the first mould ring H
When about to cast the rings I firstly place a flexible metal or india rubber
split ring
Jin the spigot end of the pipe and projecting somewhat therefrom,
such a ring J being shewn in a pipe A by the horizontal section at Fig 7, and
the spigot end of the pipe is then placed in the position shewn at Fig. 5 into
the mould rings H_H Cement 19 then poured into the mould ring H, a clay
packing K, shewn at the left hand side of Fig 5 18 then inserted, and the second
ring is cast, the mould ring H having as aforesaid been so adjusted that the
lower beaded fare of the ring B on the pipe shall be produced in a plane truly
at right angles to the axis of the pipe.
For the socket end of the pipe, I piovide a mould ring L, shewn also detached by
the inverted plan at Fig 8 This ring L is formed with a segmental flange L' to
take against the invert of the pipe and ensure accuracy of position of the ring
with relation to the invert, while the projecting studs L² distance the mould
ing L from the shoulder of the socket L' is the bead on the mould ring, to
produce the annular groove D in the cement facing to be formed. An india
rubber split ng J as previously described is inserted into the socket end of the
pipe, the mould ring L is adjusted therein so that it rests in a plane at right
angles to the axis of the pipe and the cement is poured in

page_text: provide
When it 18 desired to form the second cement ring E in the socket,
a second socket mould ring N (Fig 5), also shewn detached in plan at Fig 9,
and this ring N 18 provided with legs N¹ which are placed to rest on the upper
surface of the mould ring L, being centered thereon by the legs taking into an
annular recess in the said mould L
ling
A clay or other temporary filling K is then inserted as shewn and the second
ring E is cast
The adherence of the cement or composition rings to the surface of the pipe
may be facilitated by the said surface being roughened as will be well under-
stood
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is.-
1. In stoneware, earthenware and other pipes, forming or providing upon
the end surface of the spigot of the pipe a cement or composition ring, the end
face of the ring being in a plane truly at right angles with the axis of the pipe,
in combination with a similar ring formed upon the shoulder of the socket, the
face of the latter ring being also in a plane at right angles with the axis of the
pipe, whereby the jointing between the base or shoulder of each socket and
the end of each spigot is perfected, substantially as described
2. In stoneware, earthenware and other pipes, a cement or composition ring
formed upon the end surface of the spigot, and a similar ring formed upon the
shoulder of the socket, the end surfaces of the rings being in planes at
right angles with the axis of the pipe, an annular groove or grooves, formed in
the face surface of the cement ring on the spigot, and a corresponding project-
ing bead or beads upon the face surface of the cement ring of the socket, sub-
stantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described
3 In stoneware earthenware, and other pipes, the combination with the facing
rings of cement or composition, formed respectively upon the end of the spigot
and the shoulder of the socket, and at right angles with the axis of the pipe,
of the extensions thereof, around the circular external periphery of the spigot,
and around the interior of the socket, with or without the circular ringe of cement
or composition on the spigot and socket, near the top of the latter, substantially as
and for the purposes described with reference to the accompanying drawings
4. In or connected with earthenware, stoneware and other pipes, the apparatus
for casting the cement or composition ring or rings upon the spigot end of the pipe,
constructed, arranged and acting substantially as, and for the purposes described
with reference to Figs. 5, 6 and 7 of the accompanying drawings
5 In or connected with earthenware, stoneware, and other pipes, the apparatus
for casting the cement or composition ring or rings within the socket of the
pipe, constructed, arranged and acting substantially as and for the purposes
described with reference to Figs 5, 7, 8 and 9 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated 1118 10th Day OL Burch 1000
Daten
ARD TOOT
RITTA
UL
HITH CH 1000
BREWER & SON,
London & Leeds, Agents for the Applicant