An Improvement in Building Cements.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd July, 1891
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Nov., 1891-Accepted, 24th Dec., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improvement in Building Cements.
FREDERICK JOHN REYNOLDS, High Ham Longport Somersetshire Gentleman
JOHN BROWN Wren House Church Row Hampstead Cement Maker do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Any class of lime well calcined is to be incorporated with carbonate of potash
& reduced to powder in the form of an hydrate, and when required for use this is
to be treated with a combined saccharine & metallic solution such as iron, copper,
or any other metal. The last named only to be used in certain cases to be hereafter
described.
Mortars made by the above with any kind of hard gritty substance will harden
under water.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improvement in Building Cements.
We, FREDERICK JOHN REYNOLDS, High Ham, Longport, Somersetshire,
Gentleman and JOHN BROWN, Wren House, Church Row, Hampstead, Cement
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of our invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:―
Our invention relates to cements more especially those used for building
purposes, and has for its object, the preparation of such a cement that shall be
more efficient, harder and more durable than cements in ordinary use.
Our invention consists in taking any class of lime which has been well calcined
and incorporating it with carbonate of potash, the mixture being reduced to powder
in the form of an hydrate, and when required for use this said mixture is made into
a mortar with water in the ordinary way as stiff as possible and treated with a
certain amount of saccharine alone or combined with a metallic powder such as
iron, copper or any other metal.
The metallic combination to be used only in certain cases to be hereinafter more
fully described.
We may here mention that mortars made with this mixture in conjunction with
any kind of hard gritty substance will harden under water.
We will now describe how we carry out our invention upon a commercial
scale.
We take potassium carbonate in the form sold as an article of commerce, known
as "potashes" or "pearlashes" and dissolve it in cold water in proportion of not
less than lbs. to each gallon of water, which for simplicity we will call
solution A.
We next take any rich or fat lime newly calcined, i.e., "quicklime" or "caustic
lime" which we slake in the usual way with the solution A, using just sufficient
to make the lime fall down to a powder as dry and as fine as possible.
The lime is now ready to be made into mortar, but if the lime is to be stored or
put into- casks and intended to be kept for a length of time, it should within
24 hours after slaking be thoroughly dried by means of heat, at any temperature

page_text: approaching to redness, but it must be understood that a much lower temperature
will effect the same result, at the same time it must be borne in mind that in all
cases care must be taken after the slaking process that the powder is free from
lumps arising from too little solution or imperfect burning, in which case the lime
should be well sifted or screened before being used or stored.
We may use Chili saltpetre (nitrate of sodium) in combination with the carbonate
of potassium in equal proportions by weight and mixed with water in the proportion
of lbs. of the mixture to the gallon of water as before, this we call B.
We then take the lime that has been slaked by the solution A or B and treat it
as follows.
The lime is made into the stiffest possible paste or putty either by hand or
machinery with the least quantity of plain water.
At this point we add to this stiff plastic paste (its weight having been approxi-
mately ascertained) % of saccharine matter such as any kind of raw sugar or in
sufficient quantity to recast the paste or putty back to a state sufficiently thin to
receive other dry and gritty substances such as shell sand, pit sand, silver sand, the
more angular the particles are the better the result; brick dust or burnt clay may
also be used and the harder it is the better.
The foregoing enumerates the chief requirements for a cement or cements
that can be laid into position and depended on to increase instability as to time.
Iron works slag can also be crushed and mixed with the sand in the making of
the mortar.
We now come to the mixture of metallic salts or powders with the mortar in
order to give it increased strength, hardness etc.
We have found that excellent results can be obtained by this admixture and
will enumerate a few of the salts, powders, etc. that have produced good results.
They besides giving strength also give the mortars certain colours, and as an
example a certain quantity of zinc dust incorporated with the mortar will produce.
artificial stone of a grey colour, capable of receiving the highest polish.
We give a list of metallic salts and powders that gives varying colours and add
to the strength of the mortars.
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page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
1st. A cement consisting of well calcined lime incorporated with carbonate of
potash alone or combined in equal proportions with Chili saltpetre (nitrate of
sodium) in the proportion of not less than lbs. of the salt or combined salts to
1 gallon of water with which the lime is slaked and made into mortar as a stiff
paste with ordinary water at which point about % of saccharine matter is added,
and the whole mixed with any gritty substance or substances substantially as and
for the purposes described.
2nd. In combination with a cement as claimed in Claim 1, a proportion of any
of the metallic salts, or powders specified, to give colouring effect substantially as
described.
Dated this 23rd day of November 1891.
FELL & WILDING,
1, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C., Agents for the Applicants.