IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WHEELS FOR RAILWAYS AND TRAMWAYS AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WHEEL TYRES ور
Year: 1883

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LETTERS PATENT to Richard Christopher Mansell, of Highgate, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF WHEELS FOR RAILWAYS AND TRAMWAYS AND IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF WHEEL TYRES
ور
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Christopher Mansell
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th May 1883.
RICHARD CHRISTOPHER MANSELL, of Highgate, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WHEELS FOR RAILWAYS
AND TRAMWAYS AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WHEEL TYRES
"
The objects of my Invention are to give an efficient fastening and better
security in the attachment of Tyres to the bodies of Wheels so as to prevent the
latter from revolving or partially revolving or moving in a rotary direction within
their tyres, as such movements (which now at times occur by hard work and the
application of brakes when powerfully or frequently applied) loosen tyres and
render wheels more or less dangerous and unserviceable, further, to make
improvements in the formation and manufacture of wheel tyres, and my Invention
consists:-
Firstly. In an adaptation of projections on the inner face of tyre retaining
rings and their combination with recesses in wheel tyres so as to prevent the
bodies of wheels moving in a rotary direction within their tyres.
Secondly. In making forming and providing. tyres of wheels with inward
projections or ribs across their inner surfaces, and making passage ways
across the circumference of the bodies of wheels suitable for receiving such
ribs, and by so doing enable the bodies of wheels to withstand any tendency
to move in a rotary direction within their tyres.
Thirdly. In manufacturing wheel tyres with projections or ribs across their
inner surfaces, and rebates grooves flanges or other necessary formations on
their sides by moulding and compression.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Richard Christopher Mansell in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
14th November 1883.
RICHARD CHRISTOPHER MANSELL of Highgate in the County of Middlesex
Gentleman "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WHEELS FOR RAILWAYS
AND TRAMWAYS AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WHEEL TYRES
"
The objects of my Invention are to give an efficient fastening and better security
in the attachment of tyres to the bodies of wheels so as to prevent the latter from
revolving or partially revolving or moving in a rotary direction within their tyres,
as such movements (which now at times occur by hard work and the application
of brakes when powerfully or frequently applied) loosen tyres and render wheels
more or less dangerous and unserviceable; further to make improvements in the
formation and manufacture of wheel tyres; and my Invention consists :-
Firstly In an adaptation of projections on the inner face of tyre retaining
rings and their combination with recesses in wheel tyres so as to prevent the
bodies of wheels moving in a rotary direction within their tyres.
Secondly:-
-In making, forming, and providing tyres of wheels with inward
projections, or ribs, across their inner surfaces, and making passage ways across the
circumference of the bodies of wheels suitable for receiving such ribs, and by so
doing enable the bodies of wheels to withstand any tendency to move in a rotary
direction within their tyres.
The first part of my Invention is illustrated by Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
and 10 on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings. The letter R at Figure I shews
the inner face of a piece or segment of a grooved tyre fastening or retaining ring
improved by the attachment thereto of a projecting stud fixed in its groove and
shewn by the letter S. Figure 2 is a cross section of the same at the line A B
Figure 1, shewing the projection of the stud inside the groove of the ring, and its
position by dotted lines passing through the ring, and Figure 3 represents a cross
section of such improved retaining ring in combination with a tyre and part of the
body of a timber bodied wheel. In this Figure, A represents the tyre, R R the
grooved retaining rings improved by their projecting studs S.S, and W part of
the timber body of a wheel. The studs S S may be screwed into the retaining
rings or otherwise firmly attached thereto, and their inner projecting ends must
enter into recesses made in the side lips of the tyres suitable for receiving them
as shewn at a, in a segment or piece of tyre at Figure 4. Figure 5 shews a similar
arrangement applied to tyre retaining rings without a groove but which have pro-
jecting lips, the letters of reference being the same as in Figure 3, and in lieu of
round studs, rectangular or other forms may be used, made either in the solid
with the rings or securely attached within their grooves, or to their inside faces, by
welding, brazing, soldering, or any other efficient means; or projections may be
made on the inside face of the retaining rings during their manufacture of
squeezing, punching, or otherwise forcing indents from their outside faces, and
these as well as the projecting studs previously named may be placed at one or
more intervals of distance on the inner face of the rings, and all of them are
required to enter and fit into.. recesses to be made in the side lips of the tyres
suitable for receiving them. Figures 6 and 7 represent two different sections of
tyre retaining rings improved by being furnished with rectangular projections to
be fixed at one or more intervals of distance. In each of these Figures R shews
the cross section of ring and f one end of their inner projections, and when tyre
retaining rings with projecting lips are used on iron-bodied wheels then their
projections may pass across the width of the inner face of the tyre retaining rings
1

page_text: inside of their lips, as shewn by the dotted lines at f fin Figure 8 and when
grooved retaining rings are used on iron bodied wheels the projections may be
fixed as shewn by ff in Figure 9, and when a cushion or lining intervenes between
the tyre and rim of iron wheels as shewn by C at Figure 10 the projections shewn
by fin Figures 8 and 9 should fit and enter into recesses in the sides of the rims
of the bodies of wheels as well as into recesses in the side lips of the tyres, as
shewn by the dotted lines in Figures 8 and 10, and the depth of the recesses in
the lips of the tyres need not equal the projection of the tyre. lips, consequently
the retention of the tyre to the body of the wheel is preserved in the event of its
fracture, as well as the prevention of any rotary movement of the bodies of
wheels within their tyres by means of the studs or other projections of the
improved retaining rings entering into and clutching the sides of the tyres.
The second part of my Invention is illustrated by Figures 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16
and 17.
In this part of my Invention I take wheel tyres made by any of the usual
processes of manufacture and improve them by the formation or attachment of
ribs across their inner surfaces, and when the ribs are not cast or otherwise made
in the solid with the tyres they may be attached to the tyres by welding, brazing,
soldering or the use of any other known and efficient method of attaching metals
together, and when tyres are made without endless grooves or projecting lips on
their sides I may make grooves or projecting lips on the sides of the ribs, which
grooves or projecting ribs may be used in combination with the usual tyre retaining
rings, and the ribs may in some cases project beyond the width of the inner surface
of rebated tyres and by so doing form grooves at each side of the tyres at all
places where the ribs are attached, and this arrangement also admits the use of the
usual tyre retaining rings; and in all cases of attaching ribs to tyres I make the
surface bearing of the ribs sufficiently large to ensure their constant connection to
the tyres during an application of the hardest work and the greatest amount of
breaking power, and I prepare the circumference of the bodies of wheels with
recesses suitable for receiving those ribs. The attached ribs may be made of
any suitable metal but I prefer both them and the tyres to be made of iron or
steel.
One modification of my improved tyres in connection with this part of my
Invention is shewn by Figures 11 and 12. Figure 11 represents in longitudinal
section a segment or piece of an improved timber bodied wheel, A shews the body
of its improved tyre having an inward projection shewn by the letter R, and here-
after called a rib, across its inner surface and passing in a recess across the
circumference of the timber body W, and Figure 12 shews a cross section of the
tyre cut through at the line 6 6 in Figure 11 these ribs may vary in shape, and
their section may be angular, rectangular, square, curved, or any form that may
be considered desirable, taking care that the wheel bodies (whether of wood, iron,
or other material) are recessed across their circumference to receive the forms of
the ribs, and that the latter fit properly therein, and thereby keep the wheel bodies
from moving within their tyres. Figure 13 represents part of the outer rim and
spokes in the body of an iron wheel, the V space marked A over the spokes being
left to receive a transverse rib on an improved form of tyre nearly similar in section
to that shewn by Figure 11.
Figures 14 and 15 shew another modification with transverse ribs attached to
the inner surface of a tyre rebated at its sides, Figure 14 represents longitudinally
the face of a segment or piece of an improved timber bodied wheel with its tyre
retaining ring removed, A shews the body of the tyre, and f f ribs attached
thereto and passing across the circumference of the timber body W, and Figure 15
a cross section of the same. In this arrangement the transverse ribs are flat in
form, and made to project beyond the sides of the inner surface bearing of the
tyres, so as to leave grooves corresponding with the depth of the rebates at each of
the places where the transverse ribs are attached, and these grooves being at the
sides of the tyres can receive the lips of tyre retaining rings as shewn by Figure 15,

page_text: where A represents a section of the tyre, f one end of a transverse rib, and R R the
section of a pair of tyre retaining rings, and when the inner surface of a tyre is
flat and it has no rebate on either of its sides, then the transverse ribs may be of
the form shewn in Figure 16 which when attached to the inner surface of a tyre
will admit of tyre retaining rings. In Figure 16, A represents a cross section of
the tyre, fone end of a transverse rib, R R sections of tyre retaining rings and
W part of the timber body of a wheel and it will be seen that in all cases where
transverse ribs formed with or attached to the inner surface of tyres are fitted and
placed into recesses across the circumference of the bodies of wheels as previously
described and shewn, and further illustrated by the front elevation of an improved
wheel at Figure 17, no rotary movement of the bodies of such wheels can take
place within their tyres.-Figure 17 represents the front elevation of an improved
wheel with its front retaining ring removed to shew the improved tyre A with
four projecting ribs R passing across the circumference of the body of the wheel."
I would here state that having since filing my Provisional Specification discovered
that the subject matter of the third part therein mentioned had been anticipated
by others I do not further describe or claim any interest in such third part.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature and object of my
said Invention, and in what manner the same is or may be performed and carried
into practical effect, I desire it to be understood that I do not confine myself to
the shape or dimensions of any stud or projection either on the face of the improved
tyre retaining rings or of the ribs on the inner surface of the tyres, as their shape
and dimensions may be varied without departing from my said Invention, nor do
I confine myself to any particular number of projections or studs on the improved
tyre retaining rings, or ribs on the inner surface of the wheel tyres as they may
be varied while retaining the same principles of construction, but what I Claim
as new and as secured to me by the hereinbefore in part recited Letters Patent
is:-
Firstly The exclusive use and manufacture of wheel tyre retaining rings made
or provided with studs or other projections on their inner faces to enter the sides
of wheel tyres, or to enter into the sides of wheel tyres and also across the rims of
wheels, substantially as herein before described and illustrated by Figures 1, 2, 3,
4,5 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 of the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly-The exclusive use and manufacture of wheel tyres made with recesses
in their sides to receive the studs and projections of my improved tyre retaining
rings, substantially as herein before described and illustrated by Figures 3, 4, 5, 8
and 10 of the accompanying Drawings.
Thirdly-The exclusive use and manufacture of wheel tyres made or provided
with inward projections or ribs across their inner surfaces, substantially as
herein before described and illustrated by Figures 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, and 17 of the
accompanying Drawings.
Fourthly The exclusive use and manufacture of wheel bodies with passage
ways or recesses across their circumference to receive tyres made or provided with
inward projecting ribs across their inner surfaces, substantially as herein before
described and illustrated by Figures 11, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 of the accompanying
Drawings.
In witness whereof I the said Richard Christopher Mansell have hereunto set
my hand and seal this Fourteenth day of November in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty three.