Year: 1889

page_text: I, JAMES READ of 2 Denton Road Canton, Cardiff, Engineer do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement, and
accompanying drawings:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of ovens for Baking of
that class known as " Decker Ovens" and which may be formed of one, two or throe
or more ovens placed one above the other, and which are used for Baking, Bread,
Biscuits, Confectionery and the like.
These improvements consist in constructing the ovens with as before stated one over
the other and in so forming and carrying the flues that the greatest possible amount
of heat is obtained from the furnace below.
The Fiues are carried from the furnace both back and front and ascend by means of
upright flue to the top of the lowest oven. This top or horizontal portion hetween
the lowest oven and the one over is hollow and traversed by the flue from furnace
after the style of a flow and return, and after returning it ascends again to the floor
dividing this second oven from the oven over it and this floor is constructed in exactly
a similar manner to the floor below and the horizontal flue in same traverses it in a
similar way and then ascends again and so on to the other Ovens until the flue is
finally taken into a shaft to the open air.
Dampers or regulators and sout boxes are placed at convenient and necessary
places for regulating the amount of heat each oven should have, and for cleaning out
the various flues.
The Hollow floors between two ovens are constructed as follows a small rolled iron
Joist goes across the middle and to this are secured iron plates making the ceiling of
the oven below-Divisions are now formed in Fireproof material such as Brick and
on these are placed iron flue covers carrying a layer of sand which in turn is
covered by tiles which form the floor of the next oven-These horizontal flues are
constructed so that they traverse the length of the floor and then return and ascend
over the position at which they entered-Two or more sets of these flues may be
arranged over and under each oven.

page_text: Under the lowest oven nearest the furnace an air space is left to prevent this lower
oven getting too hot. The top oven is traversed on Top by flues as before described
and then these are covered over the iron plates with a thick bed of sand and tiles to
keep in the heat.
Flues are arranged from each oven to carry off steam and pyrometers are fixed on
the outside to indicate the heat in each oven.
The exterior construction of these ovens is built in Brickwork.
In order that the nature of any said invention may be the more fully understood, I
will now proceed to describe the several figures on the sheets of drawings hereunto
annexed, all of which figures are marked with the like letters of reference
throughout.
Figuros 1.2 and 3. respectively are plans taken at the level of the furnace-
through the flues over first or lower oven-and through the flues over upper oven.-
Figure 4 shews in section my improvements when two ovens are formed.
shews an elevation of the front of the ovens.
Figure 5.
Figure 1. shews the furnace and course of flues under bottom oven. Z is the
furnace for generating the heat which passes over the bridge B. and along the flues C
and D) in the direction of the pointed arrows, and is discharged into the perpendicular
flues E, and is thence carried by these flues to the top of the lower oven, and bottom
of second oven, passing as shewn in Figure 2 the damper A' and traverses the fluos
as in the direction of pointed arrows and then rises again into a perpendicular flue,
and as shewn in Figure 3. traverses the horizontal flues in a similar manner as
shown in Figure 2, finally entering a flue which carries the same to the outside.
When three or more of these ovens are formed over each other the flues are con-
structed and carried forward after the manner described.
In Figure 1-Z shews the Furnace. C and D the flues. B the bridge at back of
furnace. F. F. soot boxes. Y the furnace doors, and E shews the position of the
rising fluc. R shews the outside wall of ovens.
In Figure 2. E is the rising flue, A¹ A' are dampers, M. M. M. M. are horizontal
flues, A is the flue to carry off steam from oven. P. P. P are the divisions forming
the horizontal flues.
In Figure 3. E. is again the rising flue from below, U, U, U, U, are the horizontal
flues. A is the flue taking off heat to outside. A¹ is a damper and F F are soot
30X05.
.
The pointed arrows shew the direction taken by the heat in the flues.
The dotted lines in Figures 2 and 3. shew the shape of the Oven under.
Figure 4. shews the section of a two Deck oven in which Z shews the furnace
and the ash pit-D are the flues as shewn by D in Fig. 1. E' is the hollow space
under bottom oven which prevents the heat being excessive to this lower oven.
Fshews corrugated iron supported by outer walls, and small girders G. H, is sand
on which is bedded the tiling J, forming the floor of oven J¹.
J' is the interior of lower oven, K shews the iron sheets forming the crown of
ovens, which are supported by the outer walls and the girders LM M. M. M.
and U. U. U. U. are horizontal flues traversing the top and bottom of the respective
ovens, as shewn in figures 2 and 3.
The divisions forming these flues are indicated by the letter P.
N is the iron flue cover on which is placed the sand X, and tiles J which form
floor over top oven. Jshews the interior of second oven. A shews flue to stack
and A" shows the flue to carry off steam from ovens below.
When three or more ovens are constructed over each other the floors between each
oven are formed in the same way as hereinbefore described.
Figure 5. shews the elevation of a two Deck oven. F, F, F, F, F, F, are soot boxes
for cleaning out flues-A', A', A', are Dampers for regulating the heat to ovens.
E is iron grating to admit cold air to Hollow space E' under bottom oven Q and Q¹
are respectively doors to the lower and upper ovens. T. T. are pyrometers for
indicating the heat of ovens.
The advantages of this Invention are that less time and materials are used in

page_text: Building, also less time and coke needed for heating the same, an even distribution
of heat is obtained throughout each oven thereby preventing goods Baked in the
ovens from being over or under done.
The flues can be cleaned out with great ease.
As my improvements are capable of various modifications without departing from
the principle thereof I do not restrict myself to materials, dimensions or to the precise
form or placement of the several parts thereof.
Having now fully described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
:-
1. The construction and formation of Bakers Ovens, substantially as herein
described by this specification and illustrated by the accompanying drawings for the
purposes set forth in this specification.
2. The arrangement of the flues as herein described by this specification and
illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 23rd day of January 1889.
RAYNER & CASSELL,
43, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.