IMPROVEMENTS IN DISINTEGRATING MILLS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert John Haddan, of the Firm of Herbert and
Company, Solicitors of Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster,
Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN DISINTEGRATING
MILLS." A communication from abroad by Lewis Bennett, of Buffalo, State of
New York, United States of America.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Herbert John Haddan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th December 1878.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN DISINTEGRATING MILLS." A communication from abroad by Lewis
Bennett, of Buffalo, State of New York, United States of America.
This mill is constructed of two metallic cages revolving in opposite directions
within a suitable casing, and the object of this Invention is to improve upon the
durability of said cages, which, as at present constructed, are entirely worn out in
about two weeks when used for grinding cement or similar hard substances.
Heretofore the pins or bars and the rings of the cages were constructed usually
of wrought iron, and in some cases of English cast steel. These bars are turned on
both ends and then riveted into the discs and rings, which bars, when worn out,
are removed by drilling the pins out of the rings and plates.
The cost of a set of steel pins is exceedingly high, because every bar must be
shouldered on both ends, and then riveted into the rings and plates; but their
durability as compared with iron rods is not increased in proportion to their cost of
production, they seldom lasting longer than about four weeks.
I have been disintegrating cement in a mill, as heretofore described, with both
iron and steel pins, but the expenses connected with the frequent removal and
renewal of the pins and consequent stoppage of the mill during repairs were such.
as to render the same practically useless for this purpose.

page_text: To avoid these obstacles and objections, and to enhance the durability of the
mill and thereby to render the same practically economical, I construct my cages of
bars of wrought iron, and plate or jacket them with chilled metal, as herein-after
more fully specified, whereby I produce a mill possessing the toughness of wrought
iron and the hardness of the hardest cast steel, and wearing successfully for more
than four months without the slighest repair and renewal of parts, which, being
comparatively cheap, can be replaced at a trifling expense as compared with that
heretofore required to renew a like number of parts of the old mill. This method
of construction furthermore has the advantage that I can remove any individual
pin without disturbing the rest, and can turn them so as to change the wearing
surfaces.
In the Drawings which serve to illustrate my Invention more fully,―
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of my improved disintegrating mill.
Fig. 2 is a front elevation.
Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, and 11 are detached and detail views of parts of the
mill.
Like letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the Figures.
A, A', are two metallic plates constituting the lower half of the casing in
conjunction with a sheet-iron jacket or end plate A", the sides being secured
together by means of bolts B passing through both plates. The side A has on its
upper edge a bearing C formed in one piece with said side, and near its middle part
a flange D, by means of which the said casing is secured upon suitable foundations.
The side A' is also provided with a flange D, but it has no bearing on its upper
edge, but it has a socket-shaped projection E at a suitable distance above the
flange D to admit a hollow projection E¹ on a standard F placed in front of the
side A'. The standard F has a bearing C₁ on its upper extremity carrying the
front end of a solid shaft G. Upon this shaft is fitted a hollow shaft G¹ extending
to within a suitable distance of the end of the solid shaft G, and revolving together
with the latter in a double bearing C, C¹¹, of an independent standard F", as
clearly indicated in Fig. 2.
Upon the extreme rear end of the solid shaft G is keyed a pulley H³, and near
the front end thereof and within the casing A, A', a disk I. The hollow shaft G¹
is likewise fitted with a pulley H; and it has on its front end and within the
casing A, A¹ a flange J, to which is bolted or riveted a disk K, both discs being in
close proximity to each other and the rear side A. I is a metallic disc serving as a
means for attachment of a series of pins or rods L, it being perforated near its
perimeter for the passage of the bolts L', as shown in detail in Fig. 10. The front
end of these bolts L¹ are fitted into an annular plate I' having a flange I" perforated
near its perimeter, the same as the disc I, for the reception of the bolts of a series
of rods Na
The disc K has, at a proper distance from its perimeter, an annular rise or
projection h perforated with a series of apertures for the passage of the rods Nb.
The ends of the rods N, Na, Nb, are secured to wrought-iron rings P, of which
those for the pins N, Nb, are flush with the annular ring 1', while that for the
rods No is in close proximity to the disc K.
The cages are revolved in opposite directions by means of belts from any motor
at a speed of from four hundred to four hundred and fifty revolutions per minute;
and the substance to be disintegrated is admitted into the interior of the casing
through the spout S fixed to the cover A", where it is voilently thrown against the
various bars, so that after it is sufficiently reduced it passes from the inner to the
outer cage, and finally escapes between the bars N in a pulverized state into a
shoot Y, from whence it is removed by the usual elevator in any of the well-known
manners.
To break up the lumps of the substances to be ground I make use of a breaker M
passed into the interior of the inner cage through the aperture F¹ in the front
standard F, and rendered adjustable by the set screws G or any other equivalent
means.

page_text: The breaker M, as well as the pins L, N, and the rings P, are subjected to very
severe and rough usage owing to the pecular maner in which the disintegration
takes places, and they are consequently very rapidly worn away by the hard
substance with which they are in constant contact.
As heretofore stated, iron pins or rods will last no longer than two weeks on
cement and similar hard substances, while steel pins are entirely abraded in about
four weeks. To avoid this rapid wear I construct my pins of wrough-iron
rods L', N', screw-threaded on both extremities to admit the nuts LI, N¹¹,
respectively, and surround them with chilled metal tubes of either cast iron or cast
steel. Such a tubular round I have found to last four months and longer, and may
at any time be turned around to present a new wearing surface, and when entirely
worn be removed and renewed at a trifling expense without disturbing the rest of
the pins.
The pins N are circular in cross section so as to enable one to change their
position, as already stated; but the pins L are oblong, having two parallel sides r, r,
and one of the other sides r¹ curved. These pins being set into a circle the sides of
the adjacent pins converge, thereby producing interstices that are narrower at f¹
(Fig. 3) than at f, the narrower part being that from which the substance to be
disintegrated gains admission. This is a very important feature in my mill becauses
the curved surfaces of the pins N will deflect the material as long as it is not
sufficiently reduced in size, while the tapering space between the pins allows the
free passage of such substance without "packing," which, with the present
construction of the pins, takes frequently place, and renders stoppage and cleaning
necessary.
To enable me to set the pins N correctly I construct them with end projections a
(Figs. 3 and 11) fitting correspondingly shaped notches or grooves a¹ in the discs I
and I, so that when interposed between the discs they must remain in their proper
position.
The concentric rings P I prefer to construct of wrought iron owing to its ducti-
bility and toughness, but since they will, when left unprotected, rapidly wear away,
I plate them with plates Q, R (Figs. 3 and 4), said plates being cast in "chills,"
and therefore as hard as metal can be made. These plates I form in sections of
proper length, and provide them with apertures for the passage of the rods N¹, by
means of which they are secured to the rings P. They have projecting ledges q to
5 protect the inner edge of said rings P, and the plates R are placed on the outer
surfaces with the joints alternating, so as to add to the strength of the rings while
protecting them. The inner edge of the rings P are bevelled, and the plates Qat
the corner of the ledges q formed accordingly. This arrangement causes the rings
to expand when the plates R are fastened, and thereby to materially increase their
stiffness.
To protect the breaker M I provide it with a plate or shoe m (Figs. 9 and 10)
having a ledge m¹, whereby one edge and the bottom side of this breaker is
protected, said shoe being also cast in a chill and riveted to the wrought-iron bar M
by the rivets or screw bolts n.
It will be readily observed that by constructing the pins of rods and tubes I can
at any time remove any one or more of them without disturbing the balance of the
mill, so that repairs can be made on my mill in less time and at less cost than any
other mill with which I am acquainted.
By reference to Fig. 1 it will be seen that the space between the opposite
0 plates I, 1', and K and 1', is gradually increasing so as to permit the stuff to readily
pass from the inner to the outer cage without working between the end rings
thereof.
5
To enhance the durability of the nuts L¹¹ and N¹¹ I shall case-harden them or
construct them of cast steel properly hardened.
Having thus fully described my Invention I claim,―
1. In a disintegrating mill the combination with the discs and rings of pins or

page_text: rounds arranged with capability of being separately removed and re-inserted
without disturbing the rest of said rounds, as and for the object specified.
2. In a disintegrating mill the combination with the discs and rings of pins
consisting of a soft metal central mod and a chilled metal tube passed over said
rod and screwed between the discs and rings, substantially as and for the object
specified.
3. In a disintegrating mill a round N interposed between the disc K. and annular
ring P, said round being arranged with capability of being revolved around its
supporting bolt N¹, as described, whereby the wearing surfaces may be changed, as
and for the object specified.
4. The pin or rod for disintegrating mills having the two parallel sides r, r, and
the curved side, as stated, whereby the matter to be disintegrated is deflected
when not sufficiently reduced, and allowed to pass after reduction without packing,
as and for the purpose stated.
.
5. The combination with the round or pin L having the end projections a of the
diso I and annular ring I, both having transverse grooves a¹ for the reception of
said projections a, as and for the object stated.
6. The combination with the rings P of the chilled plates Q having the ledges q,
as and for the object stated.
7. The combination with the rings P of the chilled plates Q, having the ledges of
and the plates R seated upon the ledges, whereby the sides and inner edge of said
rings are protected, as and for the use and purpose specified.
8. The combination with the rings P having the inner edge bevelled of the
plates Q, having the ledge q and the bevelled part b, plates Ř, and the nutted
rods N¹, as and for the object specified.
9. The standard F having the projection E¹ in combination with the front plate A¹
provided with the socket E, as stated.
10. The combination with the front plate A' having the socket E of the
standard F provided with the hollow projection E¹ and the bearing C, and the
breaker M passed through the aperture F¹ in said standard and secured by the set
screws g, as specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Herbert John Haddan, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixteenth, day of December, A.D. 1878.