Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Jan., 1883
Complete Specification Left. 16th Oct., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 7th Dec., 1888
I, RICHARD CLAY of Bread Street Hill in the City of London Printer do hereby
declare the nature of this Invention to be as follows:-
My invention consists of the improved lock nut hereinafter described.
The said lock nut consists of three parts namely two nearly gemi tubular parts here-
inafter termed "gripping pieces" and a tubular part or collar hereinafter termed the
binding collar within which the gripping pieces fit.
$1
Each of the gripping pieces is of the form of rather less than one half of a tube
circular and slightly taper externally and cylindrical internally and tapped internally
with a screw thread corresponding with the thread on the screw to which the lock nut
is to be applied. And the said gripping pieces have channels formed in their outer
curved parts in a longitudinal direction and other channels at angles slightly obtuse
to and communicating with the said longitudinal channels.
The binding collar consists of a ring or tube the interior of which is circular and
slightly taper and of a diameter slightly greater than the cross section of the two gripping
pieces when placed together with their tapped faces towards each other. The interior
of the said binding collar is provided with projections or lugs which engage with the
grooves formed in the gripping pieces when the said binding collar is placed over
them as hereinafter described. The exterior of the binding collar is square or of other
angular form to admit of its being turned by a wrench or spanner. Or the exterior of
the said binding collar is otherwise formed or other provision is made to admit of the
effective application of power to overcome friction when the binding collar is being
turned to secure the lock nut as hereinafter described. The said lock nut is applied to
a screw as follows:-
The two gripping pieces are placed on opposite sides of the screw and the portions
of the screw thread formed on their innersides are engaged with the thread of the said
screw. The binding collar is then placed over the gripping pieces and the projections
or lugs on its innerside are engaged with the longitudinal grooves in the gripping
piéces. The binding collar is then passed over the gripping pieces the said lugs or

page_text: projections passing along the said grooves to their ends. The said binding collar is
then turned so as to cause the said lugs or projections to enter and pass along the other
of the aforesaid grooves in the gripping pieces whereby the said gripping pieces are
first turned so as to screw them home on the screw to which the lock nut is applied
and are afterwards forcibly pressed into contact with the thread of the said screw
throughout the whole of that part of its length with which the gripping pieces are
engaged.
Instead of forming the grooves in the gripping pieces and the lugs or projections on
the binding collar 'as hereinbefore described the grooves may be formed in the binding
collar and the lugs or projections on the gripping pieces.
In some cases I form the ends of the gripping pieces so as to admit of their being
held and prevented from turning while the binding collar is being secured.
Dated this Sixteenth day of January 1888.
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: I RICHARD CLAY of Bread Street Hill in the City of London Printer do hereby
declare the nature of this Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My improved lock nut consists of parts formed as hereinafter described and provided
with means of connection of the kind hereinafter described.
The said parts are an externally tapered and longitudinally slit or divided tube
adapted to be engaged with the article to which the nut is to be applied and an
internally tapered tubular collar adapted to fit around the externally tapered and slit
tube. The provision for connection of the said parts consists of channels or recesses
in and lugs or studs on those faces of the said parts which are adjacent when the said
parts are placed together to form the lock nut which channels or recesses and lugs or
studs constitute means of connection essentially similar to a bayonet joint fastening
and admit of the said parts being securely bound together on the article to which they
are applied. The exterior of the tubular collar is formed so as to admit of the effective
application of power in order to secure the nut or other provision is made for this
purpose.
The externally tapered tube may be slit on one side only so as to admit of its diameter
being reduced by external pressure or it may be divided into two or more parts. In
the latter case provision may be made for the engagement of each of the parts of the
tube with the aforesaid internally tapered collar by means of channels or recesses and
lugs or studs or provision may be made for the engagement by such means of one
only of the parts of the said externally tapered tube with the internally tapered
collar.
I will further describe my invention with reference to the accompanying Drawings
which represent lock nuts constructed as herein before described and in order to faci-
litate reference to the parts of the said lock nuts I will hereinafter use the term
"gripping pieces" to designate the portions of the divided externally tapered tube
which engage with the article to which the nut is applied and I will here inafter term
the internally tapered collar which surrounds the said externally tapered tube or
gripping pieces the "binding collar."
Figures 1 to 8 inclusive of the accompanying Drawings illustrate the parts of a lock
nut constructed as hereinbefore described in which the externally tapered tube is
divided into two parts or gripping pieces which are adapted to be engaged with a screw
or screwed rod Figure 1 being a side view of the two gripping pieces Figure 2 a plan
or end view thereof (the smaller ends being uppermost) Figure 3 a view of the larger
ends of the same Figure 4 a side view of the inner face of one of the said gripping pieces
Figure 5 a side view of the binding collar Figure 6 a view of the upper side of the
said collar Figure 7 a view of the underside of the same and Figure 8 a section of the
said collar taken on the line A Figure 6. The said parts placed and secured together
so as to constitute a lock nut are shown applied to a screw in Figures 9, 10 and 11 of

page_text: the accompanying Drawings Figure 9 being a plan Figure 10 an elevation and
Figure 11 a section taken on the line B Figure 9.
In the following description the drawings are referred to by the letters and figures
marked thereon. The same letters and figures of reference indicate the same parts
in each of the aforesaid Figures of the Drawings.
a b are the gripping pieces which are formed from a length of circular metal tubo
of cylindrical form internally and slightly taper externally and screwed internally with
a screw thread e corresponding with the thread of the screw to which the lock nut is
to be applied and divided longitudinally. d d are longitudinal recesses in the outer
parts of the said gripping pieces and e e are other recesses with which the said
recesses d d communicate at their lower ends. The binding collar which is separately
shown in Figures 5, 6 and 7 is of the form of an ordinary nut except that its interior
is plain or not screwed and is of a form corresponding with the external form of the
tube from which the gripping pieces a bare made. ff are studs projecting from the
interior of the binding collar which studs engage with the recesses d d e e formed in
the said gripping pieces.
The method of applying the lock nut to a screw is as follows:-
The gripping pieces a b are placed on opposite sides of the screw so that their screwed
faces are engaged with the thread of the screw. The binding collar is then passed over
the gripping pieces the studs ff on the said collar passing down the longitudinal
recesses d d to their ends. The said collar is then turned so as to cause the said studs to
enter the recesses e e and to travel along them until the motion of the binding collar
is stopped by the wedging or jamming action produced by the bearing of the upper
faces of the said studs against the inclined faces e¹ e¹ of the said recesses the effect of
which is to draw the binding collar towards the larger ends of the gripping pieces the
screwed faces of which are thus forced against and firmly held in close contact with
the thread of the screw as seen in Figure 11 in which Figure and in Figures 9 and 10
the screw to which the nut is applied is marked g. The parts marked hi in the
said Figures 9, 10 and 11 represent respectively the part in which the screw g is fixed
and the part which is required to be secured by the lock nut.
The screwed tube from which the gripping pieces are made may be divided into more
than two parts or the said tube instead of being divided into two or more parts may
be cut or slit longitudinally on one side only so as to admit of its being sufficiently
contracted by the action of the binding collar to force it into close contact with the
screw to which the nut is applied.
Instead of forming both longitudinal and spiral channels or recesses in each of the
gripping pieces as hereinbefore described a longitudinal channel or recess and a spiral
channel or recess may be formed in one of the gripping pieces and a spiral channel or
recess only in the other of the said gripping pieces the positions of the said spiral
channels or recesses being such that they are in line when the gripping pieces are
applied as hereinbefore described to the article to which the lock nut is to be secured.
In this case only one of the studs ff which project from the interior of the binding
collar is required which stud passes from the spiral groove in one of the gripping pieces
to the spiral groove in the other of the said gripping pieces when the binding collar
is turned around them to lock or secure them in place.
Instead of forming the recesses or channels in the gripping pieces and the lugs or
studs on the binding collar as hereinbefore described the recesses or channels may be
formed in the binding collar and the lugs or studs on the gripping pieces.
To provide for cases where the lock nut may be required to be secured to a screw
without having any endway bearing I form the ends of the gripping pieces so as to
admit of their being held and prevented from turning while the binding collar is being
secured.
Figures 12 to 17 of the accompanying drawings illustrate the parts of a lock nut
constructed according to my invention in which the ends of the gripping pieces are
thus formed and in which both longitudinal and spiral channels are formed in one of
the said gripping pieces and a spiral channel only in the other Figure 12 being an end
view and Figure 13 a side view of the two gripping pieces Figure 14 a side view of

page_text: the gripping piece a in which both the longitudinal and spiral channels are formed
Figures 5 and 16 end views of the binding collar and Figure 17 a section thereof
taken on the line c Figure 15. The said parts applied to a screw are shown in
Figures 18, 19 and 20 Figure 18 being an end view Figure 19 a side view and
Figure 20 a section taken on the line D Figure 18. Referring to the said Figures
jk are the squared ends of the gripping pieces the said ends being of sufficient length
to project beyond the binding collar to such an extent as to admit of the said gripping
pieces being held by a spanner or wrench while the binding collar is being secured.
d is the longitudinal channel and e is the spiral channel communicating therewith
which channels are made in the gripping piece a and e2 is the spiral channel made in
the gripping piece b in such a position as to be in line with the channel e when the
parts are in the respective positions shown in the drawings which are the positions
they occupy with respect to each other when in place on the article to which they are
to be secured. The other parts of the said Figures 12 to 20 (which are marked with
letters of reference corresponding to those marked on Figures 1 to 11 hereinbefore
described) will be intelligible without further description. The method of applying
the nut is the same as that already described with reference to the said Figures 1 to 11
with the exception that when the said nut has no end way bearing it is necessary to
hold the gripping pieces by means of a spanner in order to prevent them from turning
with the binding collar while the latter is being secured.
Instead of forming the exterior of the binding collar as shown in the accompanying
Drawings it may be otherwise formed or other provision may be made to admit of its
being forcibly turned by means of a wrench or spanner or lever.
Lock nuts constructed according to my invention are applicable for use in cases
where nuts or stops are required to be fixed on a rod or shaft or spindle not bearing a
screw thread. In such a case I form a recess or recesses in the rod or shaft or spindle
and corresponding projections on the inner faces of the gripping pieces instead of a
screw thread. Or I otherwise provide for the engagement of the said gripping pieces
with the rod or shaft or spindle.
A lock nut constructed according to my invention thus secured on a rod is
illustrated in central section in Figure 21 of the accompanying Drawings. Figure 22
is a separate view of the inner face of one of the gripping pieces shown in Figure 21 in
which Figure is the rod to which the nut is applied m is a recess in the said rod
and nn are ribs on the inner faces of the gripping pieces which ribs engage with the
said recess m.
The part of the recess or channel in the gripping piece against which the stud on
the innerside of the binding collar bears when the parts of the lock nut are secured
in place may be made at right angles to the axis of the gripping piece instead of
inclined thereto. Or the said part of the said recess or channel may be inclined in a
direction the reverse of that in which the other part or parts thereof are inclined.
Figure 23 of the accompanying Drawings is a side view of a gripping piece in which
the said part of the said recess or channel is made at right angles to the axis of the
said gripping piece and Figure 24 is a similar view of a gripping piece in which the
said part of the said recess or channel has an inclination the reverse of the other part,
thereof. In each of the said Figures 23 and 24 the position which the stud on the
binding collar occupies in the said recess or channel when the parts of the lock nut
are secured in place is indicated by broken lines. By thus forming the said recesses
or channels the turning of the binding collar in the direction necessary to relax the
pressure of the gripping pieces on the screw to which the nut is applied is rendered
impossible except when power is applied to the binding collar for the purpose of so
turning it. Therefore in cases where the nuts are liable to excessive vibration this
formation of the said recesses or channel may be adopted.
Where the lock nuts are to be applied to screws the cuts or slits by which the
externally tapered tubes are divided to form the gripping pieces may be made in such
directions that the angles formed by the said cuts or slits with the screwed faces of
the said tubes will be of such form as to tend to the production of greater resistance
to the turning of the nuts in the direction necessary for their removal from the screws

page_text: with which they are engaged than in the direction necessary for advancing them on
the said screws. Figures 25 and 26 of the accompanying Drawings are end views of
gripping pieces formed of tubes thus cut Figure 25 showing the tube divided into
two pieces and Figure 26 showing the tube merely slit. In each of the said Figures.
the direction in which the nut is turned to secure it on the screw is indicated by an
arrow and the aforesaid angles are marked oo. By an examination of these Figures
it will be seen that the said angles o o are of such form that the pressure thereof on
the thread of a screw when the said gripping pieces are secured thereon by the binding
collar herein before described has little or no tendency to resist the motion of the nut
when turned in the direction of the arrow and that the said angles have a tendency to
bite on or enter the screw thread and thus to resist the motion of the nut when it is
turned in the opposite direction.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed 1 declare that what I
claim is
First A lock nut constructed substantially as hereinbefore described that is to say
a lock nut consisting of an externally tapered and longitudinally slit or divided tube
adapted to be engaged with the screw or article to which the nut is to be applied and
having recesses in or projections on its exterior and of an internally tapered ring or
collar having projections on or recesses in its interior the said parts being of such
relative sizes and the projections and recesses thereon and therein being of such form
and in such positions that the ring or collar may be placed over or around the slit or
divided tube and the said projections and recesses engaged together after the manner
of a bayonet joint whereby when the ring or collar is partially rotated it is forcibly
drawn towards the larger end of the slit or divided tube.
Secondly-A lock nut constructed substantially as herein before described with
reference to and illustrated in Figures 1 to 11 of the accompanying Drawings.
Thirdly-A lock nut constructed substantially as herein before described with reference
to and illustrated in Figures 12 to 20 of the accompanying Drawings.
Dated this with day of October 1900