Improvements in Fasteners, Bolts, and Hinges for Windows, Case- ments, Doors, Lids, and the like.
Year: 1889

page_text: Improvements in Fasteners, Bolts, and Hinges for Windows, Case-
ments, Doors, Lids, and the like.
I, WILLIAM CUSSANS of 1 Blagrave Road, Notting Hill in the County of Middlesex,
Modeller do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
The object of this invention is to prevent windows, doors or the like being forced
or unfastened from the outside by any instrument inserted between the sash bars or
the like or from the inside should the glass or panels be taken out and the arm or
an instrument passed in from the outside the said sash bars being drawn tightly
together, and the safety bolt or fastener locked so that it can only be moved from
the inside by an authorized person. Such improvements being also applicable to box-
lid fasteners. Also to prevent the pin in the door, shutter or lid hinges being cut
through, or the said fastener or hinges being taken off bodily.
The safety bolt, fastener or hinge pin consists substantially in the bolt or pin
being made hollow, with a roller or a number of balls made of hardened steel, chilled
cast iron or other hard material fitted into it so as to freely revolve and also to move
endways; so that in addition to the resistance to a saw or other cutting instrument
due to its hardness, its movement prevents any bite or hold being obtained for such
instrument. The hardened roller may be made hollow and put on the outside of a
solid bolt or fastener and in either form may be applied to a sliding or screw bolt, a
jointed bolt or fastener moving vertically with a screwed outer end for a nut or
its equivalent, or it may be pivoted to move sideways, or it may be formed as a
hinge, or in any suitable shape and to move in any direction. The safety bolt or
fastener is fitted with a suitable device to draw the sash bars or the like close together
and is then secured with a small padlock, puzzle ring, clutch or similar device; or
it may be formed with a head having a flat on one side; or with a thumb head
which may be loose upon the end of the screw and have a stop pin to lock it thereon
when it is required to manipulate the screw, bolt or fastener. In all cases the stop
pin, male clutch, key or the like may be removed when the bolt or fastener is closed
and kept in the charge of an authorized person by whom alone the same could be
opened. Thus in attempting to force an entrance the sash bars or the like would
be found drawn so tightly together that no instrument could be forced between
them, and if the door or window frame were cut through to get at the bolt or hinges
they would be found immovable. The loose roller or balls in the bolt or hinge pin
would render it impossible to cut through the same, and if the glass or panels were
removed to get at the bolt or fastener from the inside the locking device would
prevent its being unfastened.
My invention is applicable to sash fasteners and the like as at present constructed,
and to such of the parts or mountings thereof as are insecure, and also as a fastener
for box lids.
In order that my invention may be clearly understood I will now describe it with
reference to the accompanying drawings.
Figure shows my hollow serw sash fastener applied through the meeting bars
of window sashes. 1 is the loos roller made of hardened steel, chilled cast iron or
other suitable material, fi ed in the hollow sere. 2 so as to freely revolve, and of
such a length as to leave speins to allow of movement endways also. The
open end of the hollow screw 2 is closed with the plug 3, and its front end is
formed with a flat head 4 by which it is screwed into the nut or box 5 fixed with
screws 120 the inside of outer sash bar O. A guide plate 6 is fixed, also with
screws 12, in a corresponding position on the inside of inner sash bar I. Thus in

page_text: securing the window with the screw fastener the sash bars may be drawn tightly
together, so that no instrument could be passed between them, and if a hole were
made through the inner sash bar to work a saw through the loose roller I would
prevent the fastener being cut. A device for preventing this fastener being tampered
with from the inside is shown by Fig. 1a. The hollow screw 2 is formed at its
front end with a shank 2a less in diameter than the screw itself. The flat head 4
is made with a boss 7 which is bored out to fit the shank 2ª so as to freely revolve
upon it. The end of the shank is screwed, and is provided with a nut 7ª to keep
the loose head 4 in its place, and a hole 11 is drilled down the head of the fastener
so as to form a half round recess in the shank 2a and the boss 7. A pin 11 fits
the recesses when opposite each other, and so locks the head on the fastener to
enable it to be secured, when it may be removed and kept in safety until the fastener
is required to be opened again. The absence of the pin 11 of course leaves the
head 4 free to revolve in the shank 2ª without affecting the screw 2.
The fastener shown in Figs. 2 and 3 is substantially the same as above described,
but is applied differently, the screwed nut or box 5 and the guide box or bracket 6
being fixed on the top of the sash bars O and I with screws 12. The locking device
in this case is further illustrated by Fig. 3ª and consists of a ratchet wheel 9 which
is either fitted on to the screw 2 or may be made solid thereon.
The guide bracket 6 is formed with a recess or chamber to receive the ratchet
wheel and a side chamber is also provided to receive the backstop 10 which engages
with the said ratchet wheel and is held up to it by the spiral spring 10ª.
Thus
the fastener can be screwed home and the window secured as before described, but
it cannot be unfastened again until the pin 1 is produced and screwed into the
backstop 10 which can then be withdrawn from the ratchet wheel 0 leaving the
fastener free to be unscrewed. For this purpose the end of the pin 11 is screwed to
fit a tapped hole in the back of the backstop.
Figs. 4, 5 and 5a show another locking device applied to a fastener, which consists
in the front end of the hollow screw 2 being formed with a collar 13 and a
triangular end 14. The bracket 6 is recessed to allow the said end 14 to be flush
with the outside when the fastener is screwed tight, which is done by means of
the key 15, the hollow triangular end 16 of which fits the end 14 of the fastener, as
shown in Fig. 5. When the fastener is secured, the key may be taken away until
it is required to be opened again.
The safety fastener shown in Fig. 6 is operated in the same manner as those already
described, but instead of the screw being hollow with a loose roller inside it has a
hollow roller 8, made of any hard material as before described, fitted upon it outside.
The screw 2 is reduced in size to carry the hollow roller 8, the shoulder so formed
upon it preventing the same from being slipped forward clear of the joint between
the sash bars O and I. Thus an attempt to cut the fastener with an instrument
passed up between the sash bars would be frustrated by the hard hollow roller as
before described.
Fig. 7 shows the safety fastener with hollow roller 8 as last described fitted with
the locking device described with reference to Fig. 1a and Figs. 8 and 9 show
various ways in which the pin 11 may be applied. 11a (Fig. 8) is the longitudinal
hole in the shank 2a and boss 7 to receive the pin 11 as in Fig. 7; or the said
pin may be applied transversely through the boss 7 into the shank 2a; or right
through the boss 7 as shown in Fig. 9, the hole in this case only forming a half
round groove across the shank 2ª. The
be fitted into the
square feather 17 may
shank 2ª and a key way cut in the boss 7 to fit it. The flat head 4 could then be
entirely loose from the fastener and only put on when required to lock or unlock it,
no pin or other loose part being required.
In Figs. 10 and 11 the safety sash fastener as already described is adapted to
the side of the sashes, enabling the window to be left open any required distance
and at the same time securely fastened. The bracket or plate 5 into which the
safety screw 2 is screwed, is made of any required length, and is fixed on the
inside of the outer sash O with screws 12. Any number of holes are made in this

page_text: plate, any desired distance apart, as shown on Fig. 10, and numbered 18, and are
tapped to receive the end of the safety screw 2, which, being locked by any of the
means described, will keep the window fixed in any position. C, is the sash cord.
Fig. 12 shews a safety screw constructed with a solid end of chilled steel or
The end 2b
the like instead of the loose inside or outside rollers before described.
is made with a tongue or tenon 2e which is let into a recess formed in the screw
fastener 2 and secured by the pin 19, and answers the same purpose as the said
rollers.
Fig. 13 is a hollow safety screw 2 with chilled cast iron or other hard metal
balls 20 and recessed balls 21 instead of the loose roller 1 inside.
The whole balls 20 fitting into the recessed balls 21 prevents a saw or other
cutting instrument passing between them. The balls are kept in their place by
the plug 3.
Another window sash fastener constructed according to my invention is shown in
Figs. 14, 15, 16, and 17, wherein the safety screw 2 with the loose roller 1 inside
is formed with a hollow boss 24 which works upon a pivot 25 made solid upon the
bracket 5 which is fixed on the outer sash bar with the screws 12. The pivot 25
is hollow and has a loose roller la of hardened steel or the like inside it to prevent
its being cut off if the glass was removed, and the safety screw is kept in its place
on the pivot by the screwed pin 27. The bracket 6, which is fixed on the inner sash
bar with screws 12, is made as shown by Fig. 15, with a lateral opening 26, into
A nut 24a fits upon
which the safety screw passes when the fastener is closed.
the end of the screw 2 and being flat on one side or otherwise specially shaped, may
be screwed with a suitable key 15 until the sash bars are drawn close together and the
nut itself bears firmly against the face of the bracket 6 inside the rim 22.
When the fastener is open the screw 2 passes into a slot in the bracket 5 and the
nut 24ª may be tightened against the bracket to prevent the safety screw swinging
about while the sashes are being moved. The dotted lines on Fig. 14 show the fastener
in this position, which is also shown in Fig. 17, Fig. 16 being a front view of the
fastener closed with the key 15 removed.
Figs. 18 and 19 show a puzzle device for locking the safety screw sash fastener as
constructed according to Figs. 1, 2, 7 or 13. The flat head 4 of the fastener 2 is
made with a hooked lug 28 on one side which has projections 30 on each side of
its point, which is thus wider than the bow of the hook. A hook link 29ª is formed
with ends the same size and shape as the lug 28. It is evident that the open link 29
would not pass over the wide end 30 of the hook or lug in the position shown, but
by turning it round at right angles it would do so, the longest opening in the link 29
corresponding with the width over the projections 30 and the shortest with the width
of the bow of the hook. Therefore when the wide ends 30 have been passed through
the long way of the link 29 the latter may be turned round, bringing the sides of the
link under the projections 30. A stop 31 is screwed into the inner sash bar in such
a position as to prevent the safety screw 2 being turned until the links 29 and 29a
are removed.
Fig. 20 is another locking device for the same kind of sash fastener. The strap 32
works upon the hinge 34, and is made with a slot to pass over the flat head 4
of the sash fastener. It also has a slot to pass over the staple 35 to which the
padlock 36 is attached, thus securing the fastener from being opened until the same
is unlocked.
In Fig. 21 the flat head 4 is made longer on one side to receive a hole through
which the padlock 36 is secured, the stop 31 preventing the fastener being unscrewed
until the padlock is removed.
It will be observed that all the applications of my invention could be greatly
reduced in efficiency by the possibility of the screws 12, by which the mountings are
fixed to the sash bars, being taken out after the glass or panels are cut away, and the
fastener being thus bodily removed. To prevent this I make the said screws as
shown in Fig. 22, with a solid end or shank 33 on the head thereof. This shank may
be of any shape, and by means of a suitable key will enable the screw 12 to be

page_text: inserted where required, and may then be cut or filed off, leaving the head of the
screw plain and solid, and flush with the surface. The same end could be gained
by making the head of the screw thicker than usual with a groove in it for the
screw-driver, and afterwards filing it down below the groove. Thus no instrument
could take hold of the screw to remove it, and the fastener would thus become a
permanent fixture.
Fig. 23 shows my invention adapted as a door fastener. The guide bracket 6 is
fixed on the inside of the door with screws, and is tapped inside to suit the thread on
the safety screw 2. The bracket 5 is fixed to the jamb and has a plain hole (not
screwed) through it, to fit the end of the safety screw 2 from which the thread has
been turned off, and which has a loose hard roller 1 inside as before described. The
locking device in this case consists of a knob or handle 37 with a long shank or
spindle 38 fixed into it. On this spindle, next to the knob is formed a stop or clutch 39
which fits into a corresponding segmental recess 40 which is made in the end of the
safety screw 2 while the spindle 38 passes down a hole 41 which is continued into the
screw 2 below the recess 40, and acts as a guide to the said spindle. When
the fastener is secured this knob and key can be removed for safety as before
described.
The clutch 39 on the knob 37, and the recess 40 in the safety screw 2 are shown
by Figs. 23a and 23b.
Fig. 24 shows a hinge with my invention applied to it. The pin 2 upon which
the leaves of the hinge work is made hollow for the whole or a sufficient part of its
length, and the hard loose roller 1 is placed inside it to prevent its being cut through at
the joints 42. The roller is kept in its place by plugs 3 at one or both ends.
Figs. 25 and 26 show a hinged sash or lid fastener in which 2 is the hollow hinge
pin, 1 the hard loose roller, 3 the plugs to keep it in its place.-.
on the
A flat plate with a vertical quadrant 43 is fixed on the inner sash bar or
edge of the box lid with screws 12. One leaf 44 of the fastener is fixed on the outer
sash bar or on the front of the box in the same way.
The other leaf 44a has a slot 45 to pass over the quadrant 43, and beyond the slot
is a boss 46 which is screwed inside to fit the locking pin 47. The back of the locking
pin has a hole 41 and recess 40 as described in reference to Fig. 23, and is manipulated
with a similar handle or key. The point of the locking pin is made conical, and
engages in either of the conical holes 48 in the quadrant 43, and the fastener is thus
securely locked as before described. Any other suitable locking device may be applied
to this fastener or it may simply be closed with a catch or button to turn round over
the leaf 44ª, without any locking device.
Figs. 27 and 28 show my invention applied to an ordinary door bolt. The bolt 2
is made with a cavity, extending a sufficient distance from the end, into which the
roller I is placed, the end being closed with a plug 3. The bolt bracket 6 is fixed to
the door with screws 12 and the bracket 5 is fixed to the jamb in the same way. The
barrel 49 on bracket 5 may be made longer as shown, and let into the door post or
the like, so that in an attempt to force the door the strain should not fall upon the
screws 12.
The bolt is moved backwards and forwards by the handle 50. On the side of the
bolt barrel 51 there is a boss 52 into which a locking pin 47 is screwed, the point of
said locking pin entering a hole in the bolt made to receive it. The top of the locking
pin is flat on one side, and it is operated by a key similar to that described in reference
to Fig. 14, which fits around it inside the recess 53.
When so locked the bolt can
only be unfastened by the person holding the key.
Figs. 29 and 30 show my invention applied to an ordinary window sash fastener.
The bracket 5 upon which the fastener 2 is pivoted is fixed on the outer sash bar with
screws 12.
The plate with quadrant 43 is fixed on the inner sash bar in the same way. The
fastener 2 has a cavity in which is placed the hard roller 1, so as to be over the joint
between the sash bars when closed. At the end of the quadrant 43 there is a boss 52,
and directly under it on the under side of the quadrant plate there is another boss 54.

page_text: A locking pin 47 is screwed into these two bosses, forming a barrier to the passage
of the fastener 2 out of the quadrant 43. The locking pin may be manipulated by
a key as described in reference to Fig. 23, which being removed leaves the fastener
secure.
Fig. 31 is the section of a safety bolt made square with a square core 1 of hardened
steel or other suitable material.
Fig. 32 shows a square bolt with a hard metal band 8 outside it, or a hard roller
inside.
Fig. 33 is a flat bolt 2 with a hard metal core I as before described.
Fig. 34 is a flat bolt with a hard metal band 8 outside or two hard loose rollers 1
inside.
One roller only may be used in this bolt if it is thought sufficient.
Fig. 35 shows a drop-bolt with an end of hardened steel or the like attached to the
bolt as described in reference to Fig. 12.
It is obvious that there are many more modifycations of, and ways in which my
invention can be applied, but I have shown sufficient to make it clearly understood.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1. A sash, door, or casement fastener or the like with a hard internal or external
roller, or balls, or hard ends, such fastener being in the form of screws, sliding or
drop bolts, levers, arms or the like moving horizontally, vertically, sideways or other-
wise, substantially as herein shown and described.
2. A hinge for doors, lids or the like with a pin having a hard internal roller, balls
or the like, or with a solid pin of hardened steel or other hard material, and fixed with
flush headed screws substantially as herein shown and described.
3. The inside locking devices, or any modifycation or colourable imitation of
them applied to window, casement, door or lid fasteners and the like, substantially
as herein shown and described.
4. In a sash, casement, door or lid fastener the combination of the hard internal or
external roller, or balls, or solid hard bolt or screw ends, an inside locking device,
and the flush-headed screws for fixing the parts or mountings of the said fastener;
and the application of any or all of these parts to such fasteners, or parts of fasteners
now in use or which may hereafter be brought out, substantially as and for the
purposes herein shewn and described.
5. A hinged fastener for windows, lids or the like with a hinge pin constructed as
herein shown and described, and with or without an inside locking device of any
form, substantially as herein shown by and described in reference to Figs. 25 and 26.
Dated this 2nd day of September 1889.
W. CUSSANS.