Improvements in the Manufacture of Ornamental India Rubber Waterproof Fabrics.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Jan., 1887
Complete Left, 24th Oct., 1887
Complete Accepted, 25th Nov., 1887
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Ornamental India Rubber
Waterproof Fabrics.
We GOODMAN CHARLES MANDLEBERG, HENRY LESSER ROTHBAND, and SAMUEL
LAWRENCE MANDLEBERG of the Albion Rubber Works, Pendleton, Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, Manufacturers of India Rubber Piece and other Goods, do
hereby declare the nature of the said invention, to be as follows:-
:-
We manufacture our improved ornamental india rubber waterproof fabrics by
spreading, as it is termed one, or more coats of india rubber proofing upon any
suitable woven fabric, and when spread, or when the last coat of proofing is spread
upon the fabric, if more than one coat is applied, then covering it while in an
adhesive state with dust of fibre of wool, hair, silk or cotton, or any other suitable
animal or vegetable fibre reduced to short lengths or dust. Some of this fibre adheres
to the india rubber proofing and the surplus falls or is brushed or otherwise removed.
The fibre to be used will depend upon the character of fabric which it is desired
to produce and the color of the fibre used will be determined by the nature of the
required ornamental design. Upon the fabric when prepared as above described a
pattern or design is formed by applying to its surface india rubber or other similar
cement by any of the well known modes of printing such as block printing, calico
printing or what is termed "surface" roller printing or by stencilling, or by applying
the cement. for some patterns in stripes, and then while the design thus applied in
cement is still adhesive the fabric is dusted with a coating of fibre of the required
color.
By this means ornamental designs are produced and are more or less, as desired,
raised in relief or standing above the surface of the pattern printed or otherwise
formed as aforesaid upon the fibrous face of the fabric.
The fabric thus obtained has or may have a further ornament added by applying
the design as aforesaid in adhesive cement and then covering the same as before
explained with dust or broken up fibre of the required kind and color.
After the fabric is produced by the process first described it may in some cases be
vulcanized but if, or whether or not vulcanized after the first spreading and covering

page_text: [
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with fibre dust, it is vulcanized by preference after it has been printed and dusted with
fibre to produce ornamental designs to cure the india rubber cement thus
applied.
39
The process of vulcanizing which we prefer to subject the fabric to, is that known
as the dry heat “ cure but other known processes of vulcanization such as the steam
cure or the cold" cure may be used according to the nature of the fibre and
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fabric used and the ornament desired.
After the woven fabric has been spread and dusted or spread and dusted and then
printed and again dusted as hereinbefore described it is in some cases calendered.
Our improved ornamental india rubber waterproof fabrics are also made or may be
made with both sides of the woven fabric, treated as herein before described, and with
either both sides made alike or of different character or quality and ornament.
Or they may be first made as single texture fabrics, and then their backs united by
india rubber cement to make a double texture fabric ornamented on both sides.
In some cases further ornament is or may be added to the fabric hereinbefore
described by embossing their surfaces with any required design such embossing being
effected by preference before vulcanization to make the embossing permanent.
We in some cases vary the ornamental design by printing the fabric with colors or
colors mixed with india rubber solutions, and combine such printing in colors with
the processes and mode of ornamenting hereinbefore described.
We vulcanize when required after any part of the process or processes hereinbefore
described but find it more advantageous to vulcanize by one or other of the processes
hereinbefore mentioned when all the processes have been completed.
The improved fabrics manufactured according to our invention by the process or
processes hereinbefore described are new products being fabrics of a new character
having the appearance of woven fabrics in which the ornamental designs are obtained
in the process of weaving, but our improved fabrics are manufactured at considerably
less cost than such ornamental woven fabrics, and have the great advantage that they
can be made durable and waterproof.
Doted this Twenty-fifth day of January 1887

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of Ornamental India Rubber
Waterproof Fabrics.
We GOODMAN CHARLES MANDLEBERG, HENRY LESSER ROTHBAND, and SAMUEL
LAWRENCE MANDLEBERG, of the Albion Rubber Works, Pendleton, Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, Manufacturers of India Rubber Piece and other Goods, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to he
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
We manufacture our improved ornamental india rubber waterproof fabrics by
spreading" as it is termed (which is a well-known process of applying india rubber)"
one or more coats of india rubber proofing (that is india rubber, dough or cement)
upon any suitable woven fabric, and when spread," or when the last coat of india
rubber proofing is spread upon the fabric, if more than one coat is applied, then
covering it while in an adhesive state with the dust of fibre of wool, hair, silk or
cotton or any other suitable animal or vegetable fibre, reduced to short lengths or dust.
That coat of india rubber paste, dough or cement which is to receive and retain
the fibre dust in the process hereinbefore and in the processes hereinafter described, is
prepared so as to be more plastic and adhesive than the coats of india rubber used for
rendering the cloth waterproof, and this adhesive coat of india rubber, paste, dough or
cement when it is to cover the entire surface of the fabric may be applied by an
engraved roller, such as that used in calico printing, termed a "pad" or "pin" roller,
instead of being "spread" upon the surface of the fabric by the ordinary machinery
for coating woven fabrics with india rubber to render them waterproof.
This fibre dust is or may be applied by arrangements the same or similar to those
used in the process of applying flock, as it is termed, in the manufacture of paper
hangings.
Some of the fibre applied to the waterproofed surface of the woven fabric, as above
explained, adheres to the india rubber proofing (as plenty of it is used to make sure
that every part is covered) and the surplus falls off or is brushed or otherwise
removed.
The quality of the fibre to be used in the process above named will depend upon the
character of the fabric which it is desired to produce, and the color of the fibre used
will be determined by the nature of the required ornamental design.
Upon the fabric when prepared as above described a pattern or design is formed by
applying to its surface india rubber or other similar cement made sufficiently adhesive
as hereinbefore explained, by any of the well known modes of printing, such as block
printing, calico printing, or what is termed surface" roller printing (that surface of
the roller representing the pattern or design being in relief) or by stencilling or by
applying the cement for some patterns in stripes, and then while the design thus
applied in cement is still adhesive, the fabric is dusted with a coating of fibre of
the required quality and color.
The fibre dust is applied and the surplus not adhering is removed as above
explained.
When the cement is applied by rollers such as those used for calico printing the
surfaces which are to carry the cement are engraved in such manner (as is well

page_text: understood by engravers to calico and other printers) to carry and apply the cement
according to the nature and surface of the fabric to be printed upon.
By the means and processes above described, ornamental designs are produced, and
are more or less as desired, raised in relief or standing above the surface of the pattern
printed or otherwise formed, as aforesaid, upon the fibrous face of the fabric.
The ornamental fabric thus obtained has or may have a further ornament added by
applying the design, as aforesaid, in adhesive cement, and then covering the same as
before explained with dust or broken up fibre of the required kind and color.
After the fabric is produced by the process first described, that is, by spreading the
woven fabric with india rubber proofing, and then coating with fibre, it may in some
cases be vulcanized, but if, or whether or not vulcanized after the first spreading and
covering with fibre dust, it is vulcanized by preference after it has been printed and
dusted with fibre, to produce ornamental designs, to cure" (vulcanize) the india
rubber proofing and cement used in the processes.
"
The process of vulcanizing which we prefer to subject the fabric to, is that known
as the dry heat cure" (vulcanizing) but other known processes of vulcanization such
as the steam cure or cold cure may be used according to the nature of the
fibre and woven fabric used and the ornament, desired.
22
After the woven fabric has been spread and dusted, or spread and dusted and then
printed and again dusted as hereinbefore described it is in some cases calendered.
Our improved ornamental india rubber waterproof fabrics are also made or may be
made with both sides of the woven fabric treated as hereinbefore described and with
either both sides made alike or of different character or quality and ornament.
Or our improved fabrics, above described, may be first made as single texture
woven fabrics, and then the backs of such ornamented fabrics are united by means of
india rubber cement, to make a double texture fabric, ornamented on both sides.
In some cases further ornament is or may be added to the fabrics hereinbefore
described by embossing their surfaces by any well known process of embossing, with
any required design such embossing being effected by preference before vulcanization
to make the embossing permanent.
We in some cases vary the ornamental design by printing the fabric with colors, or
colors mixed with india rubber solutions, and in some cases combine such printing in
colors with the processes and mode of ornamenting herein before described.
We vulcanize when required after any part of the process or processes hereinbefore
described, but find it more advantageous to vulcanize by one or other of the processes
herein before mentioned when all the other processes have been completed.
The improved fabrics manufactured according to our invention by the process or
processes hereinbefore described are new products, being fabrics of new character
having the appearance of woven fabrics in which the ornamental designs are obtained
in the process of weaving, but our improved fabrics are manufactured at considerably
less cost than such ornamental woven fabrics and have the great advantage that they
can be made durable and waterproof.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we claim is,
1. The new ornamental india rubber waterproof fabrics coated with and ornamented
by fibre as herein before described.
2. The combination of the processes employed in manufacturing the new ornamental
india rubber waterproof fabrics, coated with and ornamented by fibre, as herein before
described.
PETER J. LIVSEY,
Agent.