Improvement in Means for Operating Mechanical Devices Electri- cally, Specially Applicable to Electric Meters, Electro Motors, Electric Lamps, and Electric Cut-outs.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Oct., 1889-Accepted, 8th Mar., 1890
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvement in Means for Operating Mechanical Devices Electri-
cally, Specially Applicable to Electric Meters, Electro Motors,
Electric Lamps, and Electric Cut-outs.
I, WILLIAM EDWIN IRISH, of Howard Avenue, in the City of Cleveland, and State
of Ohio, United States of America, Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statements :-
My invention relates to improvements in means for operating mechanical devices
electrically, and has especial reference to devices for switching, regulating, and
measuring the electrical current, such as might be applied to lamps, cut outs,
measuring and recording instruments, alarms, indicators or to similar devices.
My invention consists in the utilization of a rod or strip of metal, composing an
integral part of the circuit, and affected to expansion or contraction by the passage
of the current to operate devices for switching, regulating and measuring the electrical
current, in connection with suitable connecting mechanism.
The strip or filament may be rigid and solid, or tubular, helical, in strands, or
otherwise suitably constructed, to operate mechanism as hereinafter described, shown
in the accompanying drawings, and more particularly pointed out in the claims.
In the drawings Figs. 1, and 2, show the application of the device to regulating
electric motors. In Fig. 1, A is a rigid expansible rod and D a vibrating arın
pivoted at & having its outer end connected with the brush ring of an electric motor.
On the passage of the current through the strip. A, it will expand and rotate the
arın upon its axis, thus shifting. the position of the brushes and controlling the
current passing through the armature. In Fig. 2 a modification is shown in which
A is a strip of metal affected to expansion by the current passing through it. Ba
plunger integral with the lower end of the strip A, and immersed in a receptacle
of mercury, upon the vertical sides of which are arranged the terminals b, of the field
coils of an electric motor 61. By the expansion of the strip A the plunger descends
and the rising mercury cuts out more or less of the coils from the circuit, and reduces
the strength of the fields. This will occur on the increase of the current above the
normal and on the decrease of the current the plunger will rise again and restore the
coils successively into the circuit.
In Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6; 7, and.8, are shown adaptations of the device to the incandescent
system of lighting... Fig. 3 is a form of device adapted to control the passage of the
current to an incandescent lamp, and is especially adapted to starting when the current.
is excessive. In these figures A is an expansible rod or strip of metal, D is a vibrating
arın, stationary at one end and free at the other to vibrate between two posts E and F,
and integral with the strip A near its stationary point.
When the current.. is cut off the arm D rests against the post F, but on closing
the curcuit part passes through the strip A and lamp circuit C, while part passes
through the shunt circuit B; a resistance coil being introduced into the shunt to
prevent too great a flow of current through it. When the strip A is excessively
expanded its free extremity will touch.the post E and the current will be temporarily
short circuited, through the arm D. A normal current will keep the arm D centrally
between the posts E and F; Fig. 4 shows a form in which a resistance B is introduced
in the shunt when the current is. excessive and the arm touches E, to prevent the
extinction of the lamp, thus causing a division of the current. Fig. 5 shows the
employment of two expansible strips A, and two vibrating arms B with contact
posts,E and F.. The operation is simple; when the current is excessive it expands
the strips A, and makes contact between the vibrating arms D and posts E and F,
thus, sending a portion of the current, through the shunt circuit and coil B, serving
to keep the lamp glowing while the current is divided. Fig. 6 is a simple form of

page_text: shunt, similar to foregoing but having only one expanding strip A. Fig. 7, shows an
adaptation of this form to operate an exterior auxiliary circuit which is connected
with a recording instrument or alarm in such a manner as to indicate the changes in
potential of the main line. It will be seen that-the point of the arm Danakes con-
nection first with one or the other of the posts E and F as the strip A expands or
contracts, thus sending the current through the shunt in a corresponding direction.
Fig. 8 shows an adaptation of my device to a regulator for lamps arranged in
multiple circuit, in which A is an expansible strip, D a vibrating arın having a
right angled projection provided with as many resistance coils B', as there are lamps
in the circuit. The terminals of these coils are suspended over a basin of mercury
in the circuit in such a manner that when all the lamps are glowing the strip A
will be expanded and all the resistances immersed, but when one or more lamps are
cut out the coils B will rise and cut out a corresponding number of resistances.
Figs. 9, 10, 11, and 12, show forms of adaptation of the device to a lamp holder with
switch in which Fig. 9 is a vertical section, Fig. 10 a plan, Figs. 11 and 12 broken
perspective views.
In this lamp holder the shunt and atttendant mechanism is placed in a box
expansion of the holder as shown at O, and a switch for introducing the current
into the lamp at L. Any of the forms above mentioned, or others, may be
introduced into this holder, the details of which are shown in Figs. 10, 11, and 12.
In the switch L is shown a thumb attachment 6, provided with a rod and cam 1
which connects or disconnects one of the springs 12 with one of the terminals of
the lamp C. Any convenient form of switch may be used for this purpose.
Figs. 13 and 14 show forms of a similar device for cutting out the excessive current
when the line has been struck by lightning, and for preventing injury to instruments
in the line, and is more especially designed for the protection of telegraph instruments,
from leaks from electric light wires.
In the figures, D, D, are elastic arms attached rigidly to a bed plate at one end and
having their outer ends normally stationed between contact posts of a shunt to
earth, E, and F.
An attenuated wire or strip A of metal connects these strips
preferably near their rigid ends. This strip forms a part of the main circuit and
is affected to expansion by the passage of the current through the main line I. Un
the passage of an excess of current at any time sufficient to injure the instruments,
the strip A expands and allows the free ends of the arms D to separate and make
contact with the terminals E and F of the earth circuit, thus shunting off the excess
of the current direct to ground and. relieving the instruments. Fig. 14 is similar in
construction to Fig. 13, being merely a duplication of the parts in one instrument
and is intended for intermediate use so that the instrument will be protected from a
sudden increase of current from either side. Figs. 15 and 16 show views of a recording
device for use at a station to indicate and record through the varying resistance of
the circuit the number of lamps in use at any time during twenty four hours in the
course of a week. In the figure is shown a drum G. provided with a calendar cover
which is divided lengthwise into spaces representing days and half days, and around
its periphery into 12 spaces for hours. This drum G is mounted centrally upon a
bar G₁ geared with the hour spindle of a clock in such a manner as to revolve. and
turn the drum one revolution in 12 hours.
The bar G is square in section and passes through a square hole in the end plate G²
of the drum G, which causes the drum to revolve with the bar while permitting it to slide
along the bar.
At the opposite end of the drum from the clock is placed in continua-
tion of the square bar but not rotating with it a cylinder H, provided with grooves /,
on its periphery at right angles to its axis, but connected on one. side of the cylinder
by short diagonal grooves h¹. In the continuous slot thus formed plays the spring
actuated spring H2, the function of this slotted cylinder and pin being to move the
drum G, the distance of one division on its periphery for twelve hours as it revolves,
a slight space being left on the calendar covering of the drum to allow for the inclined
passage from one slot to the next.
A pencil point as D2 is suspended by an arm D from an overhanging pedestal D'

page_text: in such a manner as to touch the periphery and leave a mark on the calendar as the
druin revolves. An expansible strip as A connects the end of the arm I) near the
pivotal point d with the pedestal. This strip A (adjustable at a) is influenced by
the passage of the current and expands or contracts as the current varies. The result
of this expansion and contraction is to vibrate the arm D and pass the pencil
point d backwards and forwards over the surface of the drum in a longitudinal
direction, within the distance of one space representing one day. This space is
divided into as many parts as there are lamps in the circuit.
--
A
In operation the drum being brought up to its starting point near the clock K from
which it derives its movements, and the pencil point placed at the first day and
hour, the drum is set in motion and revolves at right angles to its axis making one
complete revolution in 12 hours, when it is carried by means of the pin and diagonal
slot to the groove for the next 12 hours. In the meantime the strip A is affected by
the amount of current passing, which varies from the resistance of the lamps in
circuit as shown at C, so as to expand or contract. When, for instance there are
7 lamps in the circuit the resistance being less than when there are none, the flow of
the current will be greater, and the expansion of the rod be correspondingly great,
when if only one of the lamps were in the circuit the resistance will be greater and
the expansion of the strip A less thus recording upon the surface of the drum the
number of lamps glowing in the circuit. In Fig. 16 is shown a section on
line x
x Fig. 15, in which G is the recording cylinder, and G a cylinder wound
with paper placed within the drum G, which is provided with a slot g³ in its side to
admit of the paper being pulled out and wrapped on the exterior of the drum.
clamping wire as being used to retain the loose end of the paper in its place;
Fig. 17 is a plan view of an instrument adapted to be used either as a voltmeter or
as an ammeter, or as bothin a parallel circuit, by changing the three part switch as
shown at S, the three positions of the pegs being numbered 1-2-or 3, respectively
as it is inserted to connect the volt-meter, ammeter, or both instruments together
as a volt-ammeter in parallel circuit. Fig. 18 shows a similar form without the
switch but having three posts P, P1, and P2, for attaching the wires of the circuit. In
Fig. 19, is shown a form of ammeter in which the pinion F is replaced by a sheave,
around which plays a strip f having attached an expanding wire and contractile
spring, substantially as shown, and a single are and needle. The action of these
contractile coils may be increased by placing therein an electric magnet or soft iron
core, which may be advantageous in some instances. It will be seen that these
measuring devices operate by linear expansion or contraction and not by torsion.
In the following figures are shown forms of device applicable to are lamps and are
constructed substantially as follows:
In Fig. 20 is shown a form of device in which is embodied my invention.
A being
the expanding rod and B the vibrating arm which in this case is integral with the
holder for one of the two carbons. I is the main line. Supposing the current to
enter at it passes through the rod A, which expands under its influence and allows
the elasticity of the springs carrying the carbon holders to act and separate the
points of the carbons when an are will be formed at once and continue to glow so
long as a sufficient current passes through the rod A. When the current is in
excess the arm B touches a contact point X, through which is conveyed away a part
of the current through the shunt circuit D. A resistance coil d prevents too great a
flow of current through the shunt D, and preserves the arc. This resistance d,
may be dispensed with when it is merely desired to cut off the lamp when the current
is too intense. When the lamp is cut off a resistance coil as E, receives the current
and serves to maintain a resistance about equal to the lamp in the circuit. This
form is adapted to an alternating current which consumes the carbons uniformly.
Fig. 21 shows a simple form in which the vibrating rod B is shown pivoted at b¹
to the supporting frame of the lamp, engaging with the upper carbon point at b2
through a slot in the holder K. In action it will be observed that the current passes
from the binding post Y into the expansible strip A, thence through the arm B into
the upper carbon K¹, from which it passes through the are to the lower carbon K³,

page_text: and out through the post (as shown in the dotted lines).
elastic, instead of pivoted, and integral at b'.
current.
The arm B may be
The expansible rod in all these figures is first adjusted to a normal current adapted
to the desired length of arc, and resistance caused thereby, it will then be evident
that any excess of current will cause the strip A to expand and thereby by means of
the intervening arm B, raise the upper carbon and increase the resistance to the
On the contrary when the current is diminished below the normal the
strip A will contract and allow the carbon pencil (which moves loosely in its holder)
to fall and approach nearer the lower point, thus decreasing the resistance and thereby
maintaining a constant arc. At times too great a current may be sent into the
lamp which would elongate the are too greatly for its continuance or make too great
a variation in the light, in which case a shunt circuit as D, may be employed, having
its terminal so situated as to make contact with the arm B, when lifted as high as
is desirable or safe, and so relieve the lamp. To prevent too great a flow of current
through the shunt a resistance as d may be inserted in the shunt, so as to maintain a
constant flow of the current, through the lamp. A line pencil may be used to increase
the light as shown in Fig. 39.
Fig. 22 shows two contractile helices A¹ each operating one arm of two levers B
and B', crossing at their pivotal points 62 and operating respectively the upper and
lower carbons. These levers and their respective actuating spiral are insulated each
from the other. A reflector is shown supported upon the same bracket as they.
Fig. 23 shows a modified form in which a single spiral contracting strip A¹ is used
in connection with the vibrating arm B to regulate the position of the upper carbon.
The connections are shown in dotted lines.
Fig. 24 shows the manner of employing an expansible strip A connecting two
arms Beach engaging one of the pencil points arranged vertically in the usual
manner. In this case both pencils are free to move in their holders and operate
simultaneously. The effect and action are similar to those described above in Fig. 21.
Fig. 25 shows a form employing a single spiral to operate both pencils and the
arms B are integral with the ends of the spiral. These arins are of necessity insulated
and connected as shown in dotted lines. This form is the reverse of Fig. 24, on
account of the different actions of A and A¹.
Fig. 26 shows a form of vertical are regulated by a contractile helix A¹ in which
the upper carbon K is supported by the horizontal carbon points h, k, which
convey the current to it through slots in the loosely fitting holder K. These
points, k, are supported upon elastic strips, h, bent outwardly and upwardly
from the holder K but encompassed by a ring which draws them together. A
helical contractile coil A¹, is shown attached to the ring and when contracting
raises the ring and compresses the points k, l, against the carbon K' lifting and
holding it in position to form a semi-are with a metal cone below. When the current
is too strong or more is passed than is necessary to maintain the arc, the coil A will
contract so far as to raise the ring and the carbon K¹, which elongates the are and
produces a greater resistance.
In Fig. 27 a similar device is shown operated by an expansible strip A with the
pivoted arms B¹, pivoted at b and also expansible, which hold the carbon by means of
horizontal carbon or metal grips h, k, shown in detail in Fig. 27, adjustable by set
set screws Hand raise it when influenced by the current. Fig. 27 is a detail.
In Fig. 28 is shown a form of apparatus similar to that shown in Fig. 20, enclosed
in a globe, with detail of carbon holder and similarly lettered.
In Fig. 29 is shown a modification of Fig. 27 in which the vibrating arms B₁ are
crooked at band are also expansible. In the enlarged detail shown, B B are the
vibrating levers provided with the carbon or metal points, k at their upper ends
which extend through slots in the upper carbon holder K to support the carbon and
convey the current thereto. These levers are crooked at their lower ends at 61 for the
insertion of the actuating cone A2 integral with the vibrating arm B₁ pivoted at b.
An expansible strip as A connects the outer end of arm B with the rigid frame of the
lamp. It will be seen that when the current passes through the strip A it will expand

page_text: and push the cone between the lower extensions of the levers B₁, which will close on
the carbon and hold it rigidly in position. The current will at the same time expand
the levers B and raise the carbon point K' thus forming the are on the increase
of the current. The resistance and length of the are formed between the two vertical
carbons will also increase. The various operating parts are adjusted to a normal
condition of current and length of arc, and any variation in current is immediately
felt in the length of are formned.
The lower carbon in the figure is also operated by a device to accomplish the same
purpose and operate conjointly with the apparatus described for the upper carbon and
is shown in Figs. 29 to 30° inclusive, in which a plate o is placed in the lower carbon
holder to support the lower carbon by means of the attached yoke o¹, expansible
strip A, cord of and weight o³ attached by means of the pins o, playing in the slots o³
in the holder. A ratchet wheel and pawl o, retain the carbon when raised. In action
the strip A expands and allows the carbon to drop till the carbon points are separated
sufficiently to form an arc, but when the current is cut off the carbon is raised till the
carbons meet and the cord is wound up by the weight. The pawl and ratchet then
prevent the return of the carbon until another flow of current expands the strip A
and allows the carbons to separate. In this manner the carbons are separated when
the current is closed and return together again when the current is cut off, the loss
in consumption of the carbons being taken up by the weight and ratchet in the lower
carbon while the upper one falls of its own weight when the grips are released.
Fig. 31 shows an adaptation of the rigid strip A and helix A' to operate the central
carbon of a triple arrangement to produce a double arc. In the figure D, D¹ and D"
are carbons vertically supported from the central carbon, D being pivoted at its upper
end, and with the extension of its holder d¹ being caused to vibrate by means of the
metallic strips A and A¹ on either side, thus also moving the carbon point between
the points D1 and D2. In operation the mechanism is so adjusted that at starting the
point D rests against the point D¹. The current being admitted at the greater
part is divided and passed through the helix A', strip A, carbon D, and back through
carbon D1 to -. The helix A' then contracts and moves the carbon point D out from D¹
to a central position between the points D1 and D2, when a double are will be formed
between the points. The carbon D will then continue to pass over till it touches D
when the current passing through A¹ will be reduced and the greater part will pass
through A. The helix A will then expand and buckle the weaker strip A, causing
the carbons D to return, till it takes up au intermediate position with arcs on both
sides and so remains until the current is cut off through the action of A and A¹.
Fig. 32 shows a form similar to that shown in Fig. 20 and 28, but provided merely
with a suitable resistance R about equal to that of the lamp in the circuit when it is
cut out. As will be seen when the rod A is contracted the flexible carbon holder B
makes contact with the terminal closing the circuit through the resistance R.
In Fig. 33 is shown two carbons in a diagonal position enveloped in contractile
helices A¹ attached to rings N provided with points n which penetrate slots in the
loose holders K and engage the carbons as shown in detail in Fig. 33. These helices
operate simultaneously to raise the carbons to form the arc. On the opening of the
electrical circuit the carbons gravitate together.
Fig. 34 shows a double form of Fig. 21, an attachment similar to the one employed
to raise the upper carbon being used to regulate the lower. The devices operate
simultaneously to separate or bring together the carbons.
Fig. 35 shows a device for supporting the upper carbon consisting of the expansible
rods A and bell crank levers B as in detail at Fig. 35°.
Fig. 36 shows a form of lamp similar in design to that shown in Fig. 34 provided
with a receptacle for the several carbons in place of the upper and lower carbon
holders respectively. From these figures it will be seen that the vertical pencil is
held in a tube loosely and as in the upper carbon is supported from below as shown.
A receptacle H surrounds the central carbon, which is constructed in several vertical
sections formed by the convolutions of the sides, each of which is filled with an

page_text: auxiliary carbon with their points resting in successive steps in the sides at
different. elevations, in such a manner that when the first placed carbon in the
center is burnt till it has dropped down below the upper step, and next highest
carbon in the side of the receptacle, it will fall of its own weight in the central
position and replace the other as its falls. This change will continue to take place
so long as any carbons remain. In the lower holder is a similar arrangement
reversed with the addition of a tank of mercury H¹ communicating with the carbon
receptacle. The function of this mercury being to lift the carbons one by one to
take the place of the one consumed. This holder is adapted to a large variety of
lamps.
Fig. 37 is a view of a lamp in which attenuated strips A are used to control the
movements of the carbon lifting arms B. In this figure the arms B are pivoted at d
with actuating springs at the pivotal points. They may, however, be made elastic
and be allowed to spring of their own accord when the strips A are expanded by the
current.
Fig. 38 shows a detail of a form of carbon lifter attached to the vibrating arm D).
This is formed of a section of square or tubular pipe or a series of plates drilled as
at 63 to receive the carbons so as to present two or more gripping edges diagonally to
the carbon for lifting it.
In Fig. 39 is an elevation partly in section which shows an upper regulating
strip A for the upper carbon enclosed in the hollow frame of the lamp and the cord
and weight for the lower carbon enclosed in the enlarged base.
In all the above described figures the same arrangement of shunt circuit, and
equalizing resistance may be employed to regulate and protect the lamp and maintain
the required resistance in the circuit, and a vast number of modifications may be con-
structed to accomplish the same result.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood
that I do not claim the specific forms of device or modes of operation in detail as
shown but what I do claim as new and desire to secure by letters patent is :
1. In an electric circuit, a metallic strip affected to expansion or contraction by
the passage of the current, in combination with a shunt circuit or other current
regulator, as and for the purpose set forth.
2. In an electric circuit, a metallic strip, affected to expansion or contraction by the
passage of the current, in combination with means for controlling the strength of the
current consisting of a shunt circuit and suitable resistance coils substantially as and
for the purpose set forth.
3. In a main circuit, means for controlling the passage of the current, consisting
of a metallic strip or coil affected to expansion or contraction by the passage of the
current, a shunt circuit provided with suitable resistances, and means for adjusting,
regulating and connecting the various parts, substantially as and for the purpose
set forth,
4. In an automatic regulator for the admission of an electric current in a lamp
circuit, means for shunting an excess of current consisting of a metallic strip as A,
affected to expansion by the passage of the current, in combination with an elastic or
vibrating strip as D, and a shunt circuit as G, substantially as described.
5. In a regulator for incandescent lighting, substantially as described, an expansible
strip as A, a vibrating strip as D, integral with said strip A, in combination with the
circuit of an incandescent lamp, shunt circuit, and resistance coil or equivalent, sub-
stantially as set forth.
6. In incandescent lighting, an automatic regulator for a lamp or series of lamps,
consisting of a strip of metal affected to expansion or contraction by the passage of
the current, in combination with a shunt circuit, and included resistance, with means
for making contact between the shunt and lamp circuit when the current becomes
excessive, substantially as set forth.

page_text: 7. In a lamp holder for incandescent lighting, apparatus for controlling the
admission of the current to the lamp, consisting of the switch L, in combination with
automatic mechanism, substantially as described and for the purpose set forth.
8. In an automatic regulator for an incandescent lump, a holder for the lamp
provided with an enlarged base containing mechanism for automatically shunting
portion of the current from the lamp circuit, substantially as described, in combination
with a switch for the lamp circuit, all arranged substantially as and for the purpose
set forth.
L
9. In an automatic shunt for incandescent lighting, a main lamp circuit, an auxiliary
shunt circuit, and means for introducing the shunt circuit, to regulate or divide the
intensity of the main current, consisting of an expansible strip of metal and suitable
intervening mechanism, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
10. In an instrument for measuring the strength of the electric current, a strip of
metal affected to expansion or contraction by the passage of the current, in combina-
tion with means for operating a recording or indicating needle, substantially as
described.
11. In an electrical measuring instrument, means for operating an indicating needle
over a graduated scale consisting of a strip or strips of metal affected to expansion or
contraction by the passage of the current, and the manner of connecting, arranging
and construction of the various parts, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
12. In an electrical measuring apparatus, a strip of metal affected to expansion or
contraction by the passage of the current, in combination with a recording drum
and vibrating arm with suitable means for revolving the drum, substantially as and
for the purpose set forth.
13 In an instrument for measuring variations in an electric circuit, containing a
lamp series, a revolving drum provided with a suitable scale or recording table,
means for revolving the drum and giving it a longitudinal movement, in combination
with a strip of metal affected to expansion or contraction by the passage of the
current as A, a suitable fixed pedestal for the same, and a vibrating strip or pointer
connected with the aforesaid strip A and coinciding with its movements, substantially
as and for the purpose described.
14. In an are lamp, one or more carbons in combination with automatic means
for making, or sustaining the are between their points consisting of a strip or strips
of metal, affected to expansion or contraction by the passing current, and maintaining
a constant are when the current is passing, substantially as and for the purpose
set forth.
15. In an are lamp, one or more carbon points and automatic means for making
and sustaining an are light between them, substantially as described, in combination
with means for shunting an excess of current from the lamp while maintaining its
glow, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
16. In an are lamp, two or more carbon points, and automatic means for making,
breaking or maintaining the are between them, with an automatic, shunt for
conveying away an excess of current, in combination with a resistance at least equal
to the lamp in the circuit to operate when the lamp is cut off, all substantially as and
for the purpose set forth.
17. In an are lamp, automatic means for regulating and feeding one or more of
the carbons and for maintaining an equable resistance in the lamp circuit, substantially
as and in the manner set forth.
18. In a self regulating lamp, means for regulating the same consisting of a strip
of metal affected to expansion or contraction by the passage of the current and
connecting mechanism, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
19. In a self regulating lamp, a strip of metal affected to expansion or contraction
by the passage of the current, in combination with a vibrating arm, substantially as
described.
20. In a self regulating lamp, a strip or strips of metal, affected to expansion or
contraction by the passage of the current in combination with a vibrating arm or
arms B, shunt circuit, with or without resistance coil, and means whereby the

page_text: resistance of the lamp is maintained in the circuit when the lamp is cut out,
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
21. In an arc lamp, an expansible or contractile strip for separating the carbons,
and maintaining then at a suitable distance apart to perpetuate the are between
their points, in combination with an elastic carbon holder, substantially as and for
the purpose set forth.
22. In an are lamp, means for separating the carbons, consisting of an expansible
or contractile strip or, strips influenced by the currents in passing, and elastic means
for returning the carbons, substantially as described, in combination with a shunt
circuit, and included resistance coil, substantially as described.
23. In an arc lamp, automatic means for separating the carbons, consisting of
strips of metal affected by the current, and means for returning the carbons, in
combination with a resistance coil, to maintain a resistance when the lamp is cut out,
substantially as set forth.
24. In an are lamp, automatic means for separating the carbons, and producing
an are substantially as described, in combination with means for returning the
carbons, substantially as described, a shunt circuit and a resistance about equal to its
lamps, all as and for the purpose set forth.
25. In an electric circuit, a high potential cut-out, arranged to protect electrical
apparatus in case of lightning or excessive current, consisting of spring arms as D,
rigid at one end and having their free ends placed between the contact points of a
ground connection in combination with an expansible metallic strip as A, connecting
the arms and forming a portion of the main circuit, all arranged substantially as and
for the purpose set forth.
26. In an arc lamp, a receptacle for carbons consisting of a tube for the central
carbon, in combination with an expanded end of the tube provided with longitudinal
recesses for reserve carbons, and means for holding and regulating the position of
the central carbon.
27. In a receptacle for arc light carbons, a tube for the central carbon, an expansion
of said tube to contain auxiliary carbons, and longitudinal recesses in said expansion,
in combination with means for automatically regulating the position.
28. In a carbon grip a section of tube perforated with an aperture to receive the
carbon, and means for operating the grip substantially as described.
29. In a carbon grip a sectional tube or series of plates provided with an aperture
to receive the carbon, said aperture being slightly larger than the same, and ineans
for operating the grip substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Dated this 10th day of October 1889.
WILLIAM E. IRISH.