IMPROVEMENTS IN CANDLE MOULDING MACHINES
Year: 1884

page_text: I JOHN JAMES CLARET Mechanical Engineer 339 Albany Road Camberwell S.E
do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN CANDLE
MOULDING MACHINES to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in Machinery for moulding candles with
both Self Fitting and Plain, Ends, such Improvements being in,
The construction and method of operating the Cones forming the 'Self Fitting
portion of the candles,
The method of attaching the Tips to the Pistons,
In the material forming said Pistons,
In the method of connecting the Pistons to the Driving Board, and
In the gearing for raising the Driving Board.
My Invention also includes improvements in the Overflow Valves, In the method.
of fixing the spool wires in the Spool Board,
In the manner of constructing the Clamps,
In the method of constructing the Moulds,
In the use of metals other than Tin in the construction of the Moulds, and in,
The Circulation of the Water.
In the case of. Machines for moulding candles with Self Fitting Ends, I make
the cones forming said Self Fitting Ends in two unequal portions or segments such
portions bearing any convenient proportion to each other & being fixed in Plates
running longitudinally above Water Box.
These Plates herein after called the Cone Plates-are disposed in two groups of
three Plates each the two outer members of each group being of L section and the
middle one of each group being flat, they form when closed together and in position
for pouring the wax, two Troughs or Trays. Each of the Troughs thus formed
carry the segments of cones corresponding to two rows of Moulds, the middle plate
carrying two, and the two outer plates each one row of said segments of cones."
In order to liberate the candles when cooled, it is necessary to raise & separate
he cone Plates forming the Troughs.
To effect this compound movement the ends of the Cone Plates project somewhat
beyond the ends of Water Box and are connected by vertical links to a bar running
horizontally across each end of Water Box these bars being raised or lowered by
means of an eccentric keyed on either end of a horizontal shaft passing beneath
he centre of Water Box which shaft is operated by means of an ordinary lever
andle.
•

page_text: In addition to this vertical rise of Troughs it is necessary as has been said to
separate the Cone Plates forming the two Troughs, to effect which the vertical
links raising the side Cone Plates of each Trough are connected near their centres
of length to one end of short horizontal links whose other ends work on studs
screwed into the substance of the Water Box.
In order that the two Troughs should rise perfectly level and parallel, two of
the horizontal links above mentioned i.e. the two extreme outside ones, are
extended vertically the one upwards and the other downwards from their centres
of motion becoming in fact Bell Cranks which are coupled by means of a link
connecting their reversed vertical arms.
The centre Cone Plate of each Trough is fitted with Trunnions working in
bearings in the upper end of vertical connection with Raising Bar and on the
Troughs being raised these centre Cone Plates are rotated on said Trunnions
through an angle of 90° with the object of gaining space for the release of the
candles this space being in some cases further increased by giving said centre Cone
Plates a longitudinal movement equal to half the distance between centres of
Moulds.
Instead of the arrangement for keeping the two Troughs level above described
a system of Linkage known as Peaucelliers Cell may be substituted.
It is to be understood that the arrangement for making Self Fitting end candles
herein described includes the advantages of continuous wicking.
The Tips instead of being soldered as heretofore are screwed into Tops of Pistons
which are of Iron Barrel.
The lower ends of Pistons are connected to the Driving Board through the
medium of coiled springs or other elastic material in such a manner that, whilst
the upward thrust of Driving Board is received direct on ends of Pistons, the
downward pressure is transmitted through the before mentioned springs equally
distributing the strain among all the Pistons & causing the Tips to take a fair
bearing on their sealings in the Moulds.
The Driving Board is raised by two pinions engaging in corresponding racks
cast solid in the Standards supporting Water Box, these Pinions being actuated
by an arrangement of multiple gearing varying in power according to the size and
capacity of Machine such gearing being similar to that used on Engineers Lathes
and known as Back Gear.
In some cases I use a modification of either movement described in connection
with the Cone Troughs, for maintaining the level of Driving Board whilst being
raised.
'
The Spool wires are wedged into Spool Board which is Iron with taper keys for
greater security and facility of removal.
For the Overflow I use one or more Valves consisting of a hollow. vertical
cylinder bolted to one end of Water Box with which it communicates at its
lower end.
In the centre of said cylinder is a vertical pipe of smaller diameter whose lower
end is coned to fit into a corresponding cone in bottom of larger cylinder and capable
of removal for discharging Water from Water Box.
The upper end of this inner pipe corresponds in level with that of the water in
Water Box the arrangement constituting a Standing Waste.
The Clamps consist of two bars of wood in which are bored the necessary holes
to receive the candles.
A rectangular section is planed out of the inner lower angle of each bar this
section just cutting into sides of the holes.
Into the space thus formed is fitted a Strip which is either hinged at top or
movable laterally on wire pins and kept extended by springs whilst the candles
pass into holes the movable Strips being then closed on candles by means of a bar
similar to those in present use.
In some cases I construct the Moulds of Metals other than Tin such other metals
being those not attacked by fatty acids, or I make the Mould of, say, Copper, Brass,

page_text: or German Silver & coat or plate it with the unoxidisable metal the object being
to gain strength and conductivity of heat.
I also construct the body of the Moulds of parallel drawn Tin tube which is
screwed soldered or other wise fixed to a foot piece of Gun metal or Brass in order
to obtain greater resistance in screwing down.
The parallel portion of the Mould is rendered taper by being placed on a taper
steel mandril and operated on by a rotary burnisher this process developing a cross
fibre which is matted or interlocked with the existing longitudinal fiore produced
by the original drawing the mould so produced being of great strength in proportion
to its substance.
With a view to improving the circulation of the Water in the Water Box I insert
three or more plates exten·ling across the width of Water Box, these plates besides
acting as bafile or deflecting plates, serve to support the under Trays into which
the upper portion of Moulds are secured and also to carry the perforated Water
Inlet pipes which I prefer to fix immediately beneath the said under or Mould
Trays.
In some cases I omit the usual inlet pipes & construct the Top Tray in the form
of a very shallow box, the Moulds being secured into the top portion in the usual
manner but being an easy fit through the bottom of said Box Tray.
On admitting water to the interior of this hollow tray it-the water-issues
in a fine annular stream surrounding each individual Mould with the result of
heating and cooling the Moulds more rapidly and with less expenditure of water
than under the ordinary system and with the further advantage of bringing the
water into more immediate contact with the under side of Tray.

page_text: I JOHN JAMES CLARET Mechanical Engineer 339 Albany Road Camberwell
London S.E do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
CANDLE MOULDING MACHINES and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to improvements in machines for moulding candles with
both Self Fitting and Plain ends such improvements being in,
The construction & method of operating the cones forming the Self Fitting
portion of the candles,
The method of attaching the Tips to the Pistons,
In the material forming said Pistons,
In the method of connecting the Pistons to the Driving Board, and.
In the gearing for raising the Driving Board.
My invention also includes
Improvements in the Overflow Valves,
In the method of fixing the spool wires in the Spool Board,
In the manner of constructing the Clamps,
In the method of constructing the Moulds,
In the use of metals other than Tin in the construction of the Moulds, and
In the circulation of the water.
In the case of Machines for moulding candles with Self Fitting Ends I make the
cones forming said Self Fitting Ends in two unequal portions or segments such
portions bearing any convenient proportion to each other & being fixed in plates
running longitudinally above the Water Box.
These plates, hereinafter called the "Cone Plates," are disposed in two groups of
three plates each, the two outer members of each group being of L section & the
middle one of each group being flat, they form when closed together & in position
for pouring the wax, two troughs or trays.
Each of the troughs thus formed carry the segments of cones corresponding to
two rows of moulds the middle plate carrying two & the two outer plates each one
row of said segments of cones.
In order to liberate the candles when cooled it is necessary to raise & separate
the Cone Plates forming the Troughs. To effect this compound movement the ends
of the Cone Plates project somewhat beyond the ends of Water Box & are connected
by vertical links to a bar running horizontally across each end of Water Box
these bars being raised or lowered by means of eccentrics keyed on either end of a
horizontal shaft passing beneath the centre of length of Water Box, which shaft is
operated by means of an ordinary lever handle.
In addition to this vertical rise of the troughs it is necessary to separate the
cone Plates composing the two troughs, to effect which, the vertical links raising
the side Cone Plates of each Trough, are connected near their centres of length to
one end of short horizontal links whose other ends work on studs screwed into
the substance of the Water Box.
In order that the two Troughs should rise perfectly level & parallel, two of the
said horizontal links, i.e. the two extreme outside ones, are extended vertically
the one upwards & the other downwards from their centres of motion becoming
in fact Bell Cranks, which are coupled by links connecting their reversed vertical
aling.
The centre Cone Plate of each Trough is fitted with trunnions working in
bearings in the upper end of vertical connection with raising bar, & on the troughs

page_text: being raised the centre Cone Plates are rotated on said trunnions through 90° of
are with the object of gaining space for the release of the candles this space being
in some cases further increased by giving said centre Cone Plates a longitudinal
movement equal to half the distance between centres of Moulds.
Instead of the arrangement for keeping the two troughs level, above described a
system of linkage known as "Peaucelliers Cell" may be substituted.
It is to be understood that one of the leading objects of the above described
arrangements is to secure the advantage of "Continuous Wicking."
The Tips instead of being soldered, are screwed into the tops of Pistons, which
are of Iron Barrel, instead of Tin plate tube as hitherto.
The lower ends of Pistons are connected to the Driving Board through the
medium of coiled steel springs or other elastic material in such a manner that
while the upward thrust of Driving Board is received direct on ends of Pistons,
the downward pressure is transmitted through the said springs equally distributing
the downward strain among all the Pistons & causing all the Tips to come fairly
down on their seats in the lower ends of Moulds. The Pistons vary in length &
are raised in succession in the order of their length instead of simultaneously the
object being to reduce the power required to raise the candles.
The Driving Board is raised by two pinions engaging in corresponding racks cast
solid in the Standards supporting the Water Box which pinions are actuated by an
arrangement of multiple gearing varying in power according to size & capacity of
Machine such gearing being similar to that used on Engineers lathes & known as
"Back Gear."
In some cases I use a modification of either arrangement described in connection
with the Cone Troughs; for maintaining the level of the Driving Board when being
raised.
The spool wires are wedged into the Spool Board (which is of Iron) with taper
keys, though in some cases they may be screwed in either with or without jam
nuts & in single or double lengths.
The Overflows consist of one or more vertical hollow cylinders bolted to one end
of Water Box with which they communicate at their lower ends.
In the centre of said cylinders are smaller vertical pipes whose lower ends are
coned to fit into corresponding cones formed in the bottom of main cylinders &
capable of removal for discharging water from Water Box.. The upper ends of the
inner pipes correspond in level with that of water in Water Box, the arrangement
constituting what is known as a "Standing Waste."
The Clamps consist of two Wooden bars in which are bored the necessary holes
to receive the candles. A rectangular section is planed out of the inner lower
edge of each bar this section just cutting into the sides of holes. Into the spaces
thus formed are fitted strips which are either hinged or movable laterally on wire
pins & kept extended by springs while the candles pass into the holes the movable
strips being then closed on candles by means of a flat metal bar similar to &
operated in the same manner as those in present use.
In some cases I construct the Moulds of metals other than Tin such other metals
being those not attacked by fatty acids or I make the Moulds of, say Copper,
Brass, or German Silver, & coat or plate it with the unoxidisable metal the object
being to gain strength & increased conductivity of heat.
I also construct the body of the Mould of drawn or rolled Tin tube which may
or may not be further operated on by a rotary burnisher with the object of
developing a cross fibre which is matted or interlocked with the existing longi-
tudinal fibre produced by the original drawing or rolling.
The body portion of the Mould thus formed is screwed, soldered, or other wise
fixed to a foot piece of Gunmetal or Brass in order to obtain greater resistance to
the strain of screwing down the compound Mould thus obtained being of great
strength in proportion to its substance.
In order to improve the circulation of Water in Water Box I insert three or
more plates extending across the width of Water Box which plates besides acting

page_text: as baffle or deflector plates serve also to support the under trays into which the
upper portions of Moulds are secured & further to carry the perforated Water inlet
pipe which I prefer to fix immediately beneath the said under or Mould trays.
In some cases I omit the usual perforated inlet pipes & construct the top tray
in the form of a very shallow box the Moulds being secured into the upper
surface in the usual manner but being an easy fit through the bottom of said box
tray.
On admitting water to the interior of the hollow tray it, the water, issues in a
fine annular stream completely surrounding each Mould with the result of heating
& cooling the Moulds more rapidly & with less expenditure of water than under
the present systein & with the further advantage of bringing the water into more
immediate contact with the under side of Tray.
Fig I is a view of operating end of machine with the compound Troughs closed
and in position for pouring the wax.
A Is the transverse horizontal bar raising the vertical links b. b. and through
them, the cone plates d. d. d.
C is the diagonal parallel link connecting the bell crank levers c. c.
D is the eccentric giving motion to the bar A. and E. is the multiple gear
actuating the Driving Board G.
Fig 2 is a view of overflow end of machine shewing compound Troughs open
to allow candles to pass out. F. F are the over flow Valves the remaining letters
being the same as in Fig I.
Fig 3 is a transverse vertical section giving details of Driving Board G. with the
Spiral Springs on ends of Pistons also different methods of fixing Spool wires in
the Spool Board. At H is shewn one of the baffle plates for directing the current
of circulating water.
Fig 4 is a longitudinal vertical section giving further details of preceding figures
also sectional view of over flow valves.
Fig 5 shows details of cone segments & method of fixing in cone plates together
with the dowels for preserving the level of component members of compound
Troughs; this figure is drawn to an enlarged scale.
Fig 6 is an enlarged plan view of multiple gearing for raising driving Board.
Figs 6a & 7 are plan views of underside of Clamps. AA are the wooden bars
or sides, B. B are the movable Slips, C C are the coiled springs for keeping the
said slips in contact with the longitudinal rotating bar D.
Fig 6a shews the clamps closed and in position for holding the candles Fig 7
shews clamps open for reception of candles Fig 8 is a transverse vertical section of
Figs 6 & 7 & shews arrangement of movable slips, spiral springs & rotating
longitudinal Bar.
Fig 9 is also a transverse vertical section of same in which plate hinge springs b b
are substituted for the spiral springs shewn in Figs 8 & 7 & 6a.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention & in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1st The method of constructing each pouring Trough in three separate portions,
together with the system of eccentric, raising bar, vertical links, & bell crank
levers; substantially as & for the purpose hereinbefore described and illustrated in
Figs 1 to 5 of my drawings.
2nd The diagonal link C. substantially as & for the purpose hereinbefore
described & illustrated in Figs 1 & 2 of my drawings.
3rd The application to this machine of a standing waste, as a waste & Overflow
Valve, substantially as & for the purposes hereinbefore described & illustrated in
Figs 2 & 4 of my drawings.
4th The train of multiple gearing for raising Driving Board for the purpose
specified & illustrated in Figs 1 & 6.
5th The methods of fixing the Spool wires in the Spool Board substantially as
& for the purpose herein before described & illustrated in Fig 3.

page_text: 6th Screwing the Tips into tops of Pistons & connecting lower ends of same to
Driving Board through the medium of Coiled Springs substantially as & for the
purpose hereinbefore described & illustrated in Figs 1 to 4.
7th The application of the processes of rolling, drawing, & burnishing either
separately or combined, to the production of a fibre in the metal of which the
Moulds are constructed, substantially as & for the purpose herein before described.
8th The use of Metals other than Tin, or white alloys of Tin, in the construction
of the screwed foot portion of the Moulds substantially as & for the purpose
herein before described.
9th The arrangement of Clamps substantially as & for the purposes hereinbefore
described & illustrated in Figs 6a to 9.