IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO JOURNAL BOXES AND BEARINGS, AND ΤΟ THE PREPARATION AND COM- POSITION OF MATERIALS FOR LUBRICATING AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Lloyd Wise, of Chandos Chambers, Adelphi,
in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of *IMPROVEMENTS RELATING
TO JOURNAL BOXES AND BEARINGS, AND ΤΟ THE PREPARATION AND COM-
POSITION OF MATERIALS FOR LUBRICATING AND OTHER PURPOSES." A com-
munication from abroad by William Burgoyne Bishop, of New York City,
State of New York, United States of America.
Sealed the 12th June 1877, and dated the 24th April 1877.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Lloyd Wise at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th April 1877.
WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of Chandos Chambers, Adelphi, in the County of
Middlesex. IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO JOURNAL BOXES AND BEARINGS, AND
TO THE PREPARATION AND COMPOSITION OF
FOR LUBRICATING
OTHER PURPOSES." A communication.
MATERIALS
AND
The first part of this Invention consists in a journal box the bearing surface of
which is composed of supporting layers alternately with lubricating layers.
What I consider the best means of carrying out the several parts of the Invention
is fully set forth in the following Specification, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings, in which Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section: Figure 2 is a
plan or top view.
Similar letters indicate corresponding parts.
In the Drawing A designates the shell of the journal box into which are placed
the supporting layers B and the lubricating layers C in the position represented
Said supporting layers may be made of raw hide prepared by the means shewn
further on or by soaking it in water and in a solution of chloride of zine or other
equivalent material. They alternate with the lubricating layers C as shewn in the
Drawing. These lubricating layers may be made of a compound containing
plumbago [graphite], mercury, beeswax, and boiled linseed oil, to which may also
be added paper pulp, said compound being molded and pressed into layers of the
required form or shape. If desired the supporting layers B may be formed with
holes or cells for the reception of some lubricating compound, and the layers B. C.
may either be arranged parallel to the journal as shewn or transversely to the
Бате.

page_text: By combining the supporting layers B and the lubricating layers C in the manner
described I can produce a journal box in which a shaft can be run without lubrica-
tion for days in succession at a great speed without heating. By the friction of the
shaft a portion of the lubricating layers is carried over the edges of the supporting
layers and pressed into the pores of the latter, so that the entire bearing is
practically formed by the lubricating compound and the heating of the journal is
effectually prevented.
I believe that some portion of the advantages of the Invention can be secured
by the use of lignum vitæ wood (guaiacum officinale) or other hard wood instead of
raw hide.
A second part of the Invention consists in preparing raw hide for the above or
any analogous use by soaking it in water and then impregnating it with a
compound of graphite and beeswax, or paraffine, or any drying oil or gum which
allows the hide to resume its original condition and hardness, also in the product
obtained by treating raw hide as above stated.
To carry out this part of the Invention take raw hide and soften the same in
water, so as to open its pores, and then immerse it in a compound made of graphite
and beeswax which is kept at a moderate heat so as to keep the same in a liquid
state. Instead of beeswax, however, paraffine or any suitable drying oil or gum may
be substituted with some success.
In order to impregnate the softened raw hide thoroughly with the compound I
prefer to use an ordinary stuffing drum from which the air can be exhausted, and
which is kept in motion to prevent the graphite from settling down.
After the raw hide has been impregnated with my compound allow the same to
dry, and when dry the prepared raw hide assumes a hard condition, but before
drying it can be pressed into molds or brought in any desired form or shape. It
can be subsequently softened somewhat by sufficient wetting to allow its form to be
changed when required in any case. By treating raw hide according to this process
an article is produced which can be used with great advantage as a lubricator in
journal boxes or bearings of any kind, the nature of my prepared raw hide being
such that it prevents the bearing from running hot and that no other lubricating
material is required.
A third part of the Invention consists in a compound of plumbago and collodion,
and in the same with the addition of fibrous material.
To best carry out this part of the Invention take plumbago finely pulverized, and
add thereto a quantity of collodion sufficient to produce a plastic mass which can
he readily molded, rolled, or pressed into articles of the required form or shape.
After having been shaped or molded the compound is allowed to dry and it is ready
for use.
This compound will serve for the bearing in the above form of journal
boxes with the raw hide or wood. Or a continuous bearing of this material without
the alternating layers of more lubricating material may be introduced into journal
boxes for light machinery, and it produces a dry lubricator of good quality. It may
be also used for other purposes:
In order to increase the body and power of resistance of my compound I also
mix with it a certain quantity of paper pulp or other equivalent fibrous material in
about the following proportions: Plumbago, two parts by weight: collodion, two
parts by weight paper pulp, two parts by weight. By forming an intimate
mixture of these ingredients a compound is obtained which can be readily brought
into any required shape, and which when dry is adapted to resist a heavy pressure.
It can be used with great advantage in journal boxes for light or heavy machinery.
and it may be used either alone or in combination with other materials.
The compound of the collodion and plumbago in the proportions above described
is useful without the paper pulp.
A fourth part of the Invention relates to a compound made of beeswax, boiled
oil, graphite, and mercury, to which may also be added gelatine and Bole Armenia,
with or without paper pulp, the oil being heated and mixed with the remaining
ingredients, and the mass being finally molded to the required shape, so that the

page_text: same can be used with advantage in journal boxes or for other purposes; or it
may be used for impregnating gaskets or other packing rings, of hemp or other
material.
In best carrying out this part of the Invention take paper pulp, boiled oil, bees-
wax, graphite, and mercury. in about the following proportion: Paper pulp, one
pound; beeswax, four ounces; boiled oil, two pounds: graphite, one pound; mercury.
eight ounces; and, if desired, add also Bole Armenia, two ounces; and gelatine, two
ounces. I first heat the oil and then produce an intimate mixture of the paper
pulp, beeswax, and graphite (with or without Bole Armenia and gelatine) by stirring
these ingredients together with the heated oil and heating the mass for about ten
hours to from 250° to 500°, and while the mixture is still hot stir in the mercury,
and after I have produced a homogeneous mass 1 lei the same cool.
The compound can be used with great advantage for impregnating gaskets or
packing rings for steam pistons, cylinders, or other similar purposes, or it can be
used as a lining for journal boxes, and in this last named case I prefer to mold the
compound under pressure into sheets of from three-eighths to one-half an inch in
thickness, which I place edgewise in the journal boxes, said sheets being made to
alternate with supporting layers of raw hide or other equivalent material in the
manner above described."
For light machinery the compound can be used as a lining for the entire journal
box, being molded to fit into such box in the same manner as brass or other metallic
shells are now used.
A good compound for lubricating purposes is obtained with the other ingredients
without the paper pulp.
A fifth part of the Invention relates to the employment of camphor in combina-
tion with other materials to take the place of the lubricating layers above described,
or to serve alone for bearings for light machinery.
To best carry out this part of the Invention I take any of the above compounds
and intimately mingle therewith finely pulverized gum camphor. The proportions
may be varied according to circumstances, but I prefer about one part of camphor to
eight parts of the other materials. The presence of the camphor imparts consistence,
hardness, and general wearing qualities, and affords a slight degree of plasticity to
the mass which aids in adapting it to the shape of a new bearing, or to the shape of
the box or shell in which it may be enclosed. It also allows the mass to be re-
molded at a proper temperature when required.
The lubricating compounds here described may be applied with good effect to the
journal and caused to revolve therewith in a bearing of iron, brass, babbiit metal, or
other suitable material. One mode of applying these compounds in such manner is
to simply make the journal very clean and apply the compound in a heated state by
a brush or by dipping the journal therein. Another method is by grooving the
journal and filling the groove with the lubricating compound.
What esteem the best method of thus applying it is to make a narrow groove
extending spirally around the journal from one end to the other and filling the
groove with the composition. The adhesion of the composition to metal is
strong, but the groove may be slightly undercut to cause it to retain the composi-
tion still more reliably if desired in any case. A groove thus prepared and filled.
with the ends guarded by collars, holds and presents the material favourably to act
as a constant lubricator for an indefinite period. The groove should be filled a little
more than flush with the surface on commencing.
When the lubricating compounds are to be used in holes in the bearing layers or
in holes in other rubbing surfaces, as in the slide valves of steam engines and
analogous situations, the holes may be slightly undercut or dovetailed to aid in re-
taining the material. When a form like a thin plate or a washer is subjected to
friction on both sides the composition may be introduced in holes produced through
the plate enlarged a little on each side, so that the material lies there like a counter-
sunk rivet and is effectually retained.
What I esteem the very best lubricating composition containing camphor is com-

page_text: posed of the following four ingredients without any others;--Collodion, plumbago
mercury, camphor.
Mercury may be used with advantage in other proportions and with a less
number of the other ingredients than is above specified. A good compound may be
made of simply plumbago, collodion, and mercury. Another good one may be made
of plumbago, collodion, paper pulp, and mercury.
What is claimed as new is,--
1st. A self-lubricating journal box composed of a shell A supporting layers Bof
raw hide or equivalent bearing material, and lubricating layers C composed of boiled
oil, beeswax, mercury, and graphite, substantially as described.
2nd. The process of preparing raw bide by first soaking it in water and then
impregnating the same with a compound of graphite and beeswax, or paraffine, or
other equivalent material, substantially as described.
3rd. As a new article of manufacture, raw hide treated and prepared in the
manner set forth.
4th. The compound for lubricating purposes of plumbago and collodion as
described.
5th. The compound for lubricating purposes of plumbago and collodion with
paper pulp or equivalent fibrous material, substantially as described.
6th. A compound for lubricating and other purposes, made of plumbago,
collodion, and mercury, substantially in the manner herein described.
7th. A compound for lubricating and other purposes.made of plumbago,collodion,
paper pulp, and mercury, substantially in the manner herein set forth.
8th. A compound for lubricating purposes, made of graphite, boiled oil, beeswax,
mercury, Bole Armenia, and gelatine, said ingredients being mixed together, sub-
stantially in the manner and in about the proportions specified.
9th. A compound for lubricating purposes, in which is combined paper puln.
graphite, boiled oil, beeswax, and mercury mixed together substantially in the
manner and for the object specified.
10th. A compound for lubricating and other purposes, made of plumbago,
collodion, mercury, and camphor.
11th. The combination of gum camphor with any of the other lubricating and
bearing materials, substantially in the manner and for the purposes specified.
In witness whereof. T. the said William Lloyd Wise, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
W. LLOYD WISE. (L.S.)