IMPROVEMENTS. IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL." PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to David Hill, of Stockton-on-Tees, in the County
of Durham, Joseph Richardson, of Stockton-on-Tees,, aforesaid,
George Nixon Duck, of Coatham, near Redcar, in the County of
York, Cuthbert Greenwood Johnson, of Stockton-on-Tees, aforesaid,
and William Fairles Masterman, of Aislaby Hall, near Whitby, in
the County of York, aforesaid, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS.
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said David Hill, Josephin
Richardson, George Nixon Duck, Cuthbert Greenwood Johnson,
and William Fairles Masterman at the Office of the Commissioners.
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 12th August 1868.
We, DAVID HILL, of Stockton-on-Tees, in the County of Durham,
JOSEPH RICHARDSON, of Stockton-on-Tees, aforesaid, GEORGE NIXON
DUCK, of Coatham, near Redcar, in the County of York, CUTHBERT
GREENWOOD JOHNSON, of Stockton-on-Tees, aforesaid, and WILLIAM
FAIRLES MASTERMAN, of Aislaby Hall, near Whitby, in the County of

page_text: York, aforesaid, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in the use of certain artificial compositions in
the refinery puddling furnace, or any furnace, receptacle, or apparatus
in which the manufacture of iron or steel is conducted, and by means of
which such manufacture is facilitated, and the quality of the resulting
metal greatly improved.
The artificial compositions thus employed may be divided into three
classes.
Class 1 is formed by taking any natural iron ores or ironstones (such
as hæmatite, spathic, and titanic ores, and other ores of a similar or
analogous character) or artificially obtained ferruginous bodies, com-
paratively free from phosphorus and sulphur, and their oxides and
compounds, and melting the same, either singly or in combination, in
any convenient furnace, vessel, or apparatus adapted for the purpose,
into a mass which is more or less homogeneous..
Class 2 is prepared by taking one or more of the substances previously-
mentioned as entering into Class. 1, and melting the same, either singly
or in combination, together with scrap iron (with or without the
admixture of siliceous matter, which may in some cases be used for the
purpose of rendering the mixture sufficiently liquid), in any furnace,
vessel, or apparatus adapted for the purpose, into a mass which is more.
or less homogeneous.
Class 3 is formed as follows:-Any natural iron ores, ironstones, or
artificially obtained ferruginous bodies, having been melted and prepared
as before described with reference to Classes 1 and 2, with or without
the addition of scrap iron and siliceous matter, a compound is formed
therewith as follows:-One or more of the heavy metals, such for instance
as; lead or manganese, or any alloy, amalgam, oxide, or salt of such
metals, alkalies, or alkaline salts or any haloid body, or any mineral or
minerals, or artificial body or bodies, or organic substances. containing
the same, or one or more of them, or the waste products from stills in
which chlorine has been prepared, are charged along with one or other
of the ferruginous compounds before described into any suitable furnace,
vessel, or apparatus, and the whole melted together into a mass which is
more or less homogeneous; or such substances as before enumerated, or

page_text: one or more of them, may be charged into any suitable furnace, vessel,
or apparatus, together with the natural iron ores, ironstones, or artificially
obtained ferruginous bodies, such as those before mentioned, or onc. or
more of them, and with or without the addition of scrap iron, and the
whole then melted together by the aid of heat into à mass of a more.or
less homogeneous character.
In order to apply the artificial compositions formed as before described
under Classes 1, 2, and 3, or either of them, to the purposes of this
Invention, the same are, after being sufficiently heated, removed in any
convenient manner from the furnace, vessel, or apparatus employed,
and while still in a hot state or after having been cooled, charged with
pig iron in the refinery, or with refined plate or pig iron in the puddling
furnace; or the same may be used as "fettling" for the puddling
furnace, or in any furnace, vessel, or apparatus in which the manu
facture of iron or steel is conducted, the result in either case being that
the iron or steel is more or less purified, and the qualities of the same
improved in a very high degree.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said David Hill, Joseph Richardson, George Nixon
Duck, Cuthbert Greenwood Johnson, and William Fairles Master-
man in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 9th February 1869..
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, DAVID
HILL, of Stockton-on-Tees, in the County of Durham, JOSEPH RICHARDSON,
of Stockton-on-Tees, aforesaid, GEORGE NIXON DUCK, of Coatham, near
Redcar, in the County of York, CUTHBERT GREENWOOD JOHNSON, of
Stockton-on-Tees, aforesaid, and WILLIAM FAIRLES MASTERMAN, of
Aislaby Hall, near Whitby, in the County of York, aforesaid, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said David Hill, Joseph Richardson, George
Nixon Duck, Cuthbert Greenwood Johnson, and William Fairles

page_text: Masterman, Her special licence that we, the said David Hill, Joseph
Richardson, George Nixon Duck, Cuthbert Greenwood Johnson, and
William Fairles Masterman, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said David Hill, Joseph Richardson, George
Nixon Duck, Cuthbert Greenwood Johnson, and William Fairles
Masterman, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL," upon the
condition (amongst others) that we, the said David Hill, Joseph
Richardson, George Nixon Duck, Cuthbert Greenwood Johnson, and
William Fairles Masterman, our executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
*cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said David Hill, Joseph Richardson,
George Nixon Duck, Cuthbert Greenwood Johnson, and William Fairles
Masterman, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This Invention consists in the use of certain artificial compositions
in the refinery puddling furnace, or any furnace, receptacle, or apparatus
in which the manufacture of iron or steel is conducted, and by means
of which such manufacture is facilitated; and the quality of the resulting
metal greatly improved.
The artificial compositions thus employed may be divided into three
classes.
Class 1 is formed by taking any natural iron ores or ironstones (such
as hematite, spathic, and titanic ores, and other ores of a similar or
analogous character) or artifically obtained ferruginous bodies com-
paratively free from phosphorus and sulphur and their oxides and
compounds, and melting the same either singly or in combination in

page_text: any convenient furnace, vessel, or apparatus adapted for the purpose
into a mass which is more or less homogeneous.
Class 2 is prepared by taking one or more of the substances previously
mentioned as entering into Class 1, and melting the same, either singly
or in combination, together with scrap iron (with or without the
admixture of siliceous matter, which may in some cases be used for
the purpose of rendering the mixture sufficiently liquid), in any furnace,
vessel, or apparatus adapted for the purpose into a mass which is more
or less homogeneous.
Class 3 is formed as follows:-Any natural iron ores, ironstones, or
artificially obtained ferruginous bodies having been melted and prepared
as before described with reference to Classes 1 and 2, with or without
the addition of scrap iron and siliceous matter, a compound is formed
therewith as follows:-One or more of the heavy metals, such for
instance as lead or manganese, or any alloy, amalgam, oxide, or salt of
such metals, alkalies, or alkaline salts, or any halloid body, or any
mineral or minerals, or artificial body or bodies or organic substances
containing the same, or one or more of them, or the waste products from
stills in which chlorine has been prepared, are charged along with one
or other of the ferruginous compounds before described into any suitable
furnace, vessel, or apparatus, and the whole melted together into a mass
which is more or less homogeneous; or such substances as before
enumerated, or one or more of them, may be charged into any suitable
furnace, vessel, or apparatus, together with the natural iron ores, iron-
stones, or artificially obtained ferruginous bodies, such as those before
mentioned, or one or more of them, and with or without the addition
of scrap iron, and the whole then melted together by the aid of heat
into a mass of a more or less homogeneous character.
In order to apply the artificial compositions before described under
Classes 1, 2, and 3, or either of them, to the purposes of this Invention,
the same are, after being sufficiently heated, removed in any convenient
manner from the furnace, vessel, or apparatus employed, and while still
in a hot state, or after having been cooled, charged with pig iron in the
refinery, or with refined plate or pig iron in the puddling furnace, or
the same may be used as "fettling" for the puddling furnace, or in any
furnace, vessel, or apparatus in which the manufacture of iron or steel
is conducted, the result in either case being that the iron or steel is

page_text: In witness whereof, I, the said Cuthbert Greenwood Johnson, have
on behalf of myself and co-patentees, hereunto set my hand and
seal, the Second day of February, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
above-named Cuthbert Green-
wood Johnson, on behalf of
himself and co-patentees, in
13
.
CUTH. G. JOHNSON. (L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
above-named Cuthbert Green-
wood Johnson, on behalf of
himself and co-patentees, in .
the presence of
FREDERICK BONNEVIE,
CUTH. G. JOHNSON. (L.S.)
Mandale Road, South Stockton,
Draughtsman.