Improvements in or Additions to Steam Generators and Water Heaters.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Nov., 1891
Complete Specification Left. 16th May, 1895-Accepted, 22nd June, 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or Additions to Steam Generators and Water
Heaters.
I, CALEB CHRISTMAS, of High Street, Warwick, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements, or additions to, steam generators and
water heaters for various purposes, such for example as steam boilers for locomotive,
stationary, steam fire and other engines and motors, and water heaters generally
used for various purposes in the arts and crafts, and has for its object, the rapid
and economical heating of water.
My said invention consists in the employment within the furnace, flue, channel
or passage of a boiler or heater, of depending or outwardly standing bowed,
semi-circular or curved tubes, with their terminal ends secured within the walls of
the surrounding flue, passage or the like.
Thus, in carrying out one form of my invention, in connection with a Cornish
steam boiler, I fit within the passage of the same, a series of differentially arranged
outstanding and bent tubes, whose terminal ends take into the walls of the
surrounding flue passing longitudinally through the boiler proper.
These outstanding staple-shaped tubes are out of line with each other, and
may extend more or less into the flue, so that the passage of the flue is intersected
by a series of laterally directed bent tubes, upon which the flame and products of
combustion from the fire-place play, and by means of which, water is rapidly
heated and circulated through the boiler and steam quickly generated.
It is understood that the legs or branch members of the tubes are in multiple
series, and that the legs of one series intersect those at the front of them, so that
the flame and products of combustion of the furnace are made to play upon the
whole of the projecting water tubes by winding in and out amongst them in their
passage to the stack.
I prefer that the said staple-shaped water tubes should be directed laterally to
the flue, although they may stand in the general direction of the flue if necessary,
and I wish it to be understood that I do not limit myself to the shape of the water
tubes, so long as they are made continuous from and into the boiler.
If necessary, such tubes may have supplemental coils or loops formed at the
middle parts of them, so as to increase the water-heating surfaces, and I further
wish it to be understood that I do not limit myself to the kind of furnace, as an
ordinary fire grate may be employed, or that class of grate in which combustion
progresses backwardly.
In carrying out my invention in connection with water-heaters, 1 may employ
one set of curved tubes, depending from the roof of the furnace or bottom of the
generator, which, if made in the form of a tank for domestic purposes, is provided
with a supplementary vessel, located above the lower one, and having passages or
pipes leading from it to the general henter in order to effect perfect circulation.
The water tube heaters may be so connected to the generator that one leg is
directed through the walls of the boiler or heater to a greater height than the
other leg and so enhance the circulation.

page_text: The application of my invention to other steam generators and water heaters
differs in no essential respect from its application to a Cornish boiler and a domestic
furnace, as herein before described.
Dated this 27th day of November 1894.
CALEB CHRISTMAS,
By Henry Skerrett,
Agent for Applicant.
Improvements in or Additions to Steam Generators and Water
Heaters.
I, CALEB CHRISTMAS, of High Street, Warwick, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in, or additions to, steam generators
and water heaters for various purposes, such for example as steam boilers for
stationary, locomotive, steam fire and other engines and motors, and water heaters
generally used for various purposes in the arts and crafts, and has for its object,
the rapid and economical heating of water.
My said invention consists in the employment within the furnace, flue, channel
or passage of a boiler or heater, of depending or outwardly standing bowed,
semi-circular or curved tubes, with their terminal ends secured within the walls of
the surrounding flue, passage or the like.
Thus, in carrying out one form of my invention, in connection with a Cornish
steam boiler I fit within the passage of the same, a series of differentially arranged
outstanding and bent tubes, whose terminal ends take into the walls of the
surrounding flue passing longitudinally through the boiler proper.
These outstanding staple-shaped tubes are out of line with cach other, and may
extend more or less into the flue, so that the passage of the flue is intersected by
a series of laterally directed bent tubes, upon which the flame and products of
combustion from the fire-place play, and by means of which, water is rapidly heated
and circulated through the boiler and steam quickly generated.
It is understood that the legs or branch members of the tubes are in multiple
series, and that the legs of one series intersect those at the front of them, so that
the flame and products of combustion of the furnace are made to play upon the
whole of the projecting water tubes by winding in and out amongst them in their
passage to the stack.
If necessary, such tubes may have supplemental coils or loops formed at the
middle parts of them, so as to increase the water heating surfaces, and I further
wish to be understood that I do not limit myself to the kind of furnace, as an
ordinary fire grate may be employed, or that class of grate in which combustion
progresses backwardly.
In carrying out my invention in connection with water-heaters, I may employ
one set of curved tubes, depending from the roof of the furnace or bottom of the
generator, which, if made in the form of a tank for domestic purposes, is provided
with a supplementary vessel, located above the lower one, and having passages or
pipes leading from it to the general heater in order to effect perfect circulation.
The water tube heaters may be so connected to the generator that one leg is
directed through the walls of the boiler or heater to a greater height than the
other leg and so enhance the circulation.
The application of my invention to other steam generators and water heaters

page_text: differs in no essential respect from its application to a Cornish boiler and a domestic
furnace, as herein before described.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings represents a Cornish boiler, with the
flue fitted with staple-shaped quick steam generating tubes, depending from the
roof, or radiating from the sides, or both depending and radiating from the top
and sides, with the inverted arch-shaped tubes disposed in the longer direction of
the flue, although they may be disposed laterally.
Figure 2 represents a vertical section of Figure 1 upon the dotted lines x-x,
showing the edges of the staple shaped tubes presented to the flame which impinges
or plays thereon.
Figure 3 represents a flue provided with a series of tubes disposed radially
around the top and side walls thereof.
Figure 4 represents shows the joint of one of the legs to the surface of a
curved flue.
In Figures 1 to 4, a is the fire place or furnace, b is the flue, fitted with inverted
arch or staple shaped steam generating and water circulating tubes c, with their
ends c', fitted to the curved walls b', of the flue b, whilst the open ends of the said
tubes are in communication with the boiler d. e is the ashpit and f the fire door.
The connection of the ends of the tubes to the curved walls of the flue passing
through the boiler is made through washers h, h, with their opposed faces h¹,
struck from the radius of the flue so that when forced home, with the curved
walls 6' between them, by the nuts i, taking upon the screwed ends c', a watertight
joint is thereby made between the said junction washers and the curved walls of
the flue.
Figure 5 represents my invention applied to a triple-bodied multiple boiler.
a is the fire place, b the flue passage or heating space wherein the boilers d, fitted
with quick-steam-generating tubes c, are located. The boilers are coupled together
by main connections d'.
Figure 6 represents my invention applied to a marine boiler.
a is the fire place, 6 is the flue passage or heating space, and c are the quick-
steam-generating and water circulating tubes, located therein and fitted to the
boiler d.
Figure 7 represents my improvements applied to a domestic boiler or water
heater.
a is the fire place, having air inlets a', and water heating and circulating tubes c,
which are in communication with the boiler d, suspended within the flue space or
products of combustion circulating space b.
Figure 8 represents one of the generating tubes c, provided with a coil instead
of the same being simply staple-shaped.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :
First. In steam generators and water heaters, employing in the flues, passages,
or channels used in connection with the boilers or heaters, staple or loop shaped
water tubes, substantially as and for the purpose as described and set forth.
Secondly. In steam generators and water heaters, the combination with water
tubes as referred to in the preceding claim, of curved faced junction washers h, h³,
substantially as and for the purpose as described and set forth in Figure 4.
M
100%
Babad 46 1641
100%
CALEB CHRISTMAS,
By Henry Skerrett,
24 Temple Row, Birmingham, Agent for Applicant.