Improvements in Steam Generators.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Mar., 1899-Accepted, 10th Mar., 1900
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Steam Generators.
We, OSCAR THEODORE EARLE, of 707, G. Street, in the City of Washington,
D.C., United States of America, Engineer, and CHARLES WESLEY NEWTON, of
707, G. Street, N.W., in the City of Washington, D.C., United States of America,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
The invention consists in the new construction of the sections their arrangement
the slidable sections suspended from ways, the manner of cutting off disabled
sections and substituting others, the arrangement of the steam and water drums,
the circulating and heating drums, tubes and water bottom bed plates, and in
other details of construction as will be more fully hereinafter described and
pointed out in the claims.
In the drawings,
Fig. 1 represents a front elevation of the boiler, one half of the connection
pipes removed (see dotted line a a of this figure).
Fig. 2, shows a rear elevation partly in section, a portion being broken away
to show the water heating tubes.
Fig. 3 shows a vertical section on the left half of line, and on the right a
front elevation of several sections of the boiler with the front removed.
Fig. 4 shows a vertical longitudinal section of the boiler through the fire box,
also showing the tubular sections and their circulating sections.
Fig. 5, shows a horizontal section on the left of line bb, over the grate and
on the right a top plan view.
Fig. 6, is a side elevation partly in section of the water and steam drum.
Fig. 7 shows lower manifold for mud drum.
Fig. 8, is the main steam pipe manifold.
Fig. 9, is a plan view of the lower double manifold in which are secured the
small ends of the multisizable vertical tubes.
Fig. 10, is a detached view of one of the sections, showing the multisiz-
able and multiaxial tubes.
Fig. 11, is an end detached view of one of the down flow pipes, adapted for
connection to the water drum at its lower end, and to the water and steam
drums at its upper end.
Fig. 12 is a side elevation partly in section of a water heater which may be
substituted for the down flow pipes at either end of the boiler.
Fig. 13 is a sectional end view of the side of heater shown by Figure 12.
Fig. 14, is a plan view of the upper manifold partly in section and partly in
elevation, and,
Fig. 15, is a perspective of the lower manifold of the heater shown by Fig. 12.
The same letters will indicate like parts throughout all the figures, in
which, A is the casing of walls of the generator, B the fire box, C the top of the
boiler and D the uptake. The sides, top and fire box are of the usual character
in such boilers and therefore will not require description.

page_text: In Figure 3, the front is removed from right hand side of the boiler showing
the sections E, in position, also the down flow pipe F, and on the left the
sections E, with the down flow pipes removed. The sections E, are made
of. iron tubes multisizable and multiaxial as shown, see Figure 3, and 10.
These multiaxial tubes E are made as follows:-
The lower section of the tubes as at a, is the smallest where the fire is hottest.
The second section 6 is larger, and the third section c is still larger. All these
sections are made integral with each other and may be added to at will.
The small end a, is where the fire is hottest, and when the water flashes into
steam, globules pass to the next larger section b, where they have more room for
expansion, and thence into the still larger section e, where the steam and water
become separated passing into the drum G, where if any foreign substances or
sediment arises it is blown off through the surface blow H, or through the down
flow P, to the mud drum Q. The steam then passes to the steam drum I, where
it becomes dry and superheated, and thence to the main steam supply pipe J,
through the branch connections K. Each section is provided with a steam
escape pipe and a surface blow pipe, and they in turn are connected to manifolds
top and bottom, but it will be observed each section is independent of the other,
and is capable of being detached and new one substituted, so that all sections
are interchangeable.
Aboard of ship the ability to remove a section while under steam is of incalcul-
able value, and all that is required in such case is to simply remove a portion of
the front and rear casings, shut off the section to be removed from the steam and
water of the other sections, when it becomes dead, then remove it, substitute
another in its place and make the connections, when the boiler is whole again.
Each section of the boiler has a down flow pipe as shown at F, which com-
municates with the steam and water drum G and steam drum I, and manifold
drum L, the lower small end a, entering the double manifold M, (see Figure. 9)
which in turn connect with drum L, as shown. As many such sections may be
used as are required. The double manifolds M M are rigidly secured together by
braces d d. The surface blow offs are connected with a mud drum N, and
lateral connections e e e. All these connections are provided with stop cocks f f f,
and by means of the sections, the down flow pipes, the steam and water drums,
a most perfect circulation is maintained.
0, 0, are feed water pipes located at the sides and in rear of the fire box and
are arranged between the outer casing and fire brick lining as shown at gg Fig. 4
P.Pare side pipes (see Fig. 3) which connect the water and mud drums G, Q.
These side pipes are also good generators, as well as good circulators.
A very important feature of this invention is the ways or slides R, by which
the steam generating sections are suspended and by means of which they may be
removed and substituted. These ways K, are secured to the cross beams of the
crown of the casing. There are as many ways R, as there are sections in the
boiler, the lower portions of way are provided with T shaped recesses running
longitudinally the length of the boiler, supported by any well known means.
There are fixed to the top of the steam drum corresponding T shaped projections S
which are made to fit into the grooves R of the supporting beams. The grooves R,
may if required be provided with antifriction rollers or balls (not shown) upon
which the T shaped support of the boiler section may ride and thus more easily
be removed. As before stated when a section is to be removed and another sub-
stituted, a portion of the front is removed as shown at Figure 1. and the section
disconnected. It is pulled out on these slides or ways without further trouble
and another substituted therefor without interfering with the operation of the
generator. In the arrangement of water-heater shown in Figs. 12 to 15, which
may be substituted for the downflow tubes at either end of the boiler the tubes
are connected by a web, and the walls of said tubes are off-set of making one
straight side.

page_text: It will be seen from the foregoing description that every facility is provided
for easy and sure manipulation of a sectional marine boiler, and that every inch
of available space is utilized for converting water into steam in the most.economi-
cal manner, that the capacity of the sections may be decreased or diminished, that
the sections being suspended in the manner described compensation for con-
traction and expansion is provided for without danger of wrenching of joints or
weakening of parts, that the water in the boiler will not fill the steam space by
the rolling of the vessel not when she is on her beam ends, as is often the case
with marine boilers, all of which will be readily understood by the engineer, and
also that all the sections when in operation are in full communication with each
other and that any one or more of the sections may be cut off when required by
the use of the communicating cocks, and that either section may be cut off from
below or above as may be required.
Further object of the invention is to provide the outer side and the end tubes
with bosses hollowed out for the reception of vertical water circulating and steam
generating tubes and their end connections for down flow and other purposes.
Fig. 16 is a perspective view of my improved water bottom and bed plate com-
plete for use when the boiler is employed as a marine boiler:
Fig. 17, is a side view of the water bottom.
Fig. 18 is an end view of one of the ends.
Fig. 19 shows my invention as applied to a cylindrical boiler.
The same letters will indicate like parts in this portion of this invention
represented by Figure 16, 17, 18, and 19, in which H, is a central body por-
tion, B. B, are the sides provided with upwardly projecting connection bosses a,
and side and end connections b, b. C, C are the ends of the water bottom pro-
vided with end bosses or openings for connections either vertical or horizontal
tubes.
When a second section is added to the ends, connections may be made by
nipples or thimbles (not shown) in the usual manner, D, are the webs cast solid
with the tubular portion so that no leakage of ash can fall through, the water
bed is perfectly tight, and made a safe, and a shield for protection against fire,
and a solid bed plate. The contour of the water bottom may be made to conform
to any shaped boiler.
The bosses on their ends are also designed for connections, which may be made
by elbows or T shaped connections. The object of forming these end tubes
with bosses on their ends is, that if two or more sections of the water bottom are
required for an enlarged bed plate, they may be placed end to end, thus pro-
ducing a smoother continuous surface without obstruction to the raking off the
ash and cinders that drop from the grate, and a further object of placing the
end boss connections is that they are accessible for connections outside of the
walls of the fire box, and by removing the plugs the tubes may be cleaned. It
will be seen that these side and end tubes of the water bottom form manifolds
and may be used generally, and substituted for the well known mud drum and
regular tubular manifolds."
From these figures will be readily seen the side, end, and corner connections
for connecting to the tubes forming the sides of the boiler. This bottom has
webs connecting the tubes so making the water bottom solid to prevent heating
of the bottom of the vessel, and preventing danger of fire.
It will be understood that many details of this boiler are not described, as
those skilled in the art will readily understand them, nor do I wish to be con-
fined to the exact shape and arrangement of the parts, as modifications can be
made within wide scope of the spirit of my invention without departing therefrom.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. The combination in a sectional steam generator of the multiaxial water

page_text: tube with the double manifold, said manifold terminating in a pipe common to
both, as set forth.
2. The combination in a sectional steam generator of the multiaxial water
tubes, the double manifold as set forth of the down flow pipe.
3. The combination in a sectional steam generator of the varied sized water
pipes, the down flow pipe, the water and steam drum, "G" and the steam drum
"I" as set forth.
4. The combination in a steam generator of the suspended multiaxial water
tubes, the steam, and steam and water drums, the down flow pipe, and the surface
blow off pipe as set forth.
5. The combination in a sectional steam generator of the suspended multiaxial
water tubes, their water and steam drum connections, the horizontal and vertical
connection pipe, said pipe being provided with cut off cocks for each section,
substantially as set forth.
6. The combination in a sectional steam generator of the suspended drop
tubes, the steam and water drums, the down flow pipe F, connected to said drop
tubes, the said sections of circulating water tubes, and the water heating tubes
around the fire box, all combined and arranged to rapidly generate steam, sub-
stantially as set forth.
7. The combination in a steam generator of a number of independent sections,
each section being provided with a suspending attachment preferably T shaped
in cross section, with a beam provided with corresponding T shaped grooves
whereby each section may readily be removed and other substituted for the
purpose herein described.
8. The combination in a sectional water tube steam generator, of the central
tubes connected as described, of the water tube heater having a connecting web
between the tubes the walls of said tubes being off-set of making one straight
side, substantially as set forth.
9. Water bottom and bed plates for steam generators consisting of a series of
tubes cast integral with a connecting web, and with side and end manifolds
substantially described.
10. Hollow water bottom and bed plates cast integral with a connecting web,
the sides forming manifolds with their connected bosses opening upwards and
the end bosses opening horizontally for either lateral or vertical connections,
substantially as set forth.
11. Hollow water bottem comprising the central tubular portion, the side
and end manifold portions, as described, having vertical and horizontal openings
for vertical and horizontal connections, the corners of said bottom having suit-
able openings for transverse longitudinal and vertical connections, respectively,
as set forth.
Dated this 21st day of Vouch 1000
F. WISE HOWORTH,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.