IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STOVES, RANGES, OVENS AND OTHER APPLIANCES FOR COOKING
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Davies of 4 Saint Ann's Square Manchester in:
the County of Lancaster Consulting Engineer and l'atent Agent, for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STOVES, RANGES,
OVENS AND OTHER APPLIANCES FOR COOKING " communicated to him from
abroad by Francis Jackson of San Francisco, California in the United States
of America
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Davies at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th October 1883.
"
GEORGE DAVIES of 4 Saint Ann's Square Manchester in the County of
Lancaster Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF STOVES, RANGES, OVENS AND OTHER APPLIANCES FOR COOKING
(a Communication to me from abroad by Francis Jackson of San Francisco,
California in the United States of America)
The invention consists first of an enclosed stove for general cooking purposes
comprising principally a fire place ash pit flues, and oven, all enclosed in a suitable:
case, fitted with a chimney or smoke pipe, and readily portable. The fire place is
made with three grates, two of which are horizontal and hung on pivots at their
adjacent sides, where they meet in the centre of the fire place.
These form the bottom of the fire place, and are so mounted that their outer
edges (toward the back and the front) can be lowered below the level of their
inner edges where they are hung as above described or they can be lowered still
further to allow fuel to fall into the ash pit when required to "dump out"
the fire.
These grates are supported on levers which can be moved by handles from the
outside so as to raise or lower the grates when required.
The third grate is at the front being curved and is hung from the top so as to :
form front bars to the fire places and the ends of the bars of the front bottom grate
pass between the bars of this suspended curved grate; the latter thus preventing
the fuel from falling out when the front edges of the bottom grate is lowered.
Instead of having three grates the inventor proposes in some cases to curve
he front end of the front bottom grate upwards so as to act as front bars to the
ire place.
Beneath the ash pit is a sliding shelf which can be drawn out when required.
At the back of the fire place is a vertical flue, which passes down to the bottom,
hen under and around the oven, into the space between the top plate of the oven
L Drinn er

page_text: and the top of the stove and thence to the chimney. The sides and bottom of the
oven are made of corrugated sheet metal. When the oven is required to be used,
the back bottom grate is lowered until its rear edge falls below the opening into
the vertical back flue before named and the heat from the fire will follow the course
above indicated, but when the oven is not required, the back bottom grate is raised
up into the horizontal position so that the opening to the vertical flue is below the
grate, in which position the heat does not pass round the oven but goes direct into
the upper space between the plate and the top of the stove.
Dampers and partitions are provided for the purpose of directing the current of
heat as required on its way from the fire place to the chimney.
If desired these dampers and partitions may be so arranged as to cause the heat
current to pass more than once round the oven on its way to the space above the
plate.
Scrapers are also provided for clearing soot from the flues.
The above constitutes the stove proper. The following appliances or devices
specially designed for supporting the meat or other food whilst being cooked in
the oven of this stove, are supplied with the above described stove and form part
and parcel thereof, being interchangeable according to the particular purpose for
which the stove is required for the time being.
For roasting meat in the oven a spit or fork is provided which can readily be
attached to a short shaft or axle passing out through a tube in the back of the
oven and provided with a worm wheel, actuated by a worm fixed at the lower end
of a spindle which is driven by a smoke jack in a branch pipe connected to the
chimney or stove pipe.
A damper is provided for allowing the current to pass direct up the chimney or
for diverting it through the brunch pipe when the smoke jack is required to be put
in motion.
In some cases I bring the revolving spindle into the oven through the top and
support its lower end in a footstep driving it at the upper end above the stove.
The spindle may be provided with arms carrying hooks to hang meat upon or with
shelves made of sheet iron or wire work.
Another appliance where the revolving spit or spindle is not required consists
of a metal dish with a small socket at each end in which can be placed a kind
of gallows carrying a fork, skewer hooks or other similar means for supporting
the meat to be cooked; or the gallows may be carried in a socket fixed in the
sides of the oven so that the dish may be placed under, and removed, without
disturbing the meat.
Another consists of a metal dish with a small socket in the centre in which can
be placed a vertical arm supporting two wire grids between which may be placed a
chop or steak or a slice of bread to toast.
One of the grids is hinged so that it can be opened out to introduce the steak
or other articles between the grids and spiral or other springs is provided to
press the two grids together; so as to hold anything firmly between them. The
inner faces of the grids may be provided with pins or spikes.
A kitchen range can be made on the improved principle by having a larger fire
place with a right and left hand oven and arranging the flues and damper
accordingly.
For baking bread I modify this stove as follows I make the outer case of the
stove of a cylindrical form like an ordinary circular revolving oven and so arrang
the flues, dampers, and partitions as hereinbefore described that the heat curren
passes in the form of a spiral or coil several times round it before reaching th
chimney.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said George Davies in the Patent Office on the 26th April 1884.
GEORGE DAVIES of 4 Saint Ann's Square Manchester in the County of
Lancaster Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
OF STOVES, RANGES
CONSTRUCTION
AND OTHER APPLIANCES FOR COOKING
(a Communication to me from abroad by Francis Jackson of San Francisco
California in the United States of America)
This invention consists first of an enclosed stove for general cooking purposes
comprising principally a fire place, ash pit, flues and oven, all enclosed in a
suitable case fitted with a chimney or smoke pipe, and readily portable
Such being the nature and object of the said invention I will now proceed to
describe in detail the manner in which the same is to be or may be performed or
carried into practical effect, and in order that the same may be clearly understood
I have annexed hereunto two sheets of drawings illustrative thereof and have
marked the same with figures and letters of reference corresponding with those in
the following explanation thereof.
Figs. 1 and 2 in the annexed drawings are vertical sections of the stove Fig 1.
being taken transversely through about the line A. B in Fig. 2. and Fig 2 being
taken longitudinally through about the line C-D. in Fig. 1.-Fig. 3 is a plan
view of the stove with the top plate removed and Fig. 4. is a vertical section taken
transversely through about the line E-F in Fig. 2. The fire place is made with
three grates a, b and c, two of which a and b are horizontal and hung on pivots d, d,
at their adjacent sides, where they meet in the centre of the fire place.
These form the bottom of the fire place and are so mounted that their outer
edges (toward the back and the front) can be lowered below the level of their
inner edges where they are hung as above described as shown in dotted lines in
Fig 1. or they can be lowered still further to allow the fuel to fall into the ash pit
when required to "dump out" the the fire.
These grates are supported on levers e which can be moved by handles f. f,.
from the outside so as to raise or lower either of the grates a or b or both when
required. The third grate c, c is at the front being curved and is hung from the
top so as to form front bars to the fire place and the ends of the bars of the front
bottom grate b, b pass between the bars of this suspended curved grate c, c; the
latter thus preventing the fuel from falling out when the front edges of the bottom
grate b, b is lowered. Instead of having three grates the inventor proposes in
some cases to curve the front end of the front bottom grate upwards so as to act
as front bars to the fire place as shown at b' in detached view Fig. 6. Or in some
cases both grates may be curved as shown detached at Fig. 5. in which case each
grate swings on the same pivot at 6", 6" as its handle f, fas shown, or the grates
may be lowered or raised in any other convenient manner.
Beneath the ash pit is a sliding shelf g, g which can be drawn out when
required.
At the back of the fire place is a vertical flue h, h which passes down the bottom
then under and around the oven i, i into the spaces k, k between the top plate of
the oven and the top of the stove, and thence to the chimney L, l.
The sides and bottom of the oven i, i are made of corrugated sheet metal.
When the oven is required to be used the back bottom grate a, a is lowered as
shown in dotted lines until its rear edge falls below the opening into the vertical
back Blue h, h before named, and the heat from the fire will follow the course,
above indicated as shown by the arrows, but when the oven i, i is not required,
the back bottom grate a, a is raised up into. the horizontal position so that the

page_text: opening to the vertical flue h, h is below the grate a, a in which position the heat
does not pass round the oven i, i but goes direct into the upper space k, k between
the plate and the top of the stove. m, m is a damper which can be opened or
closed by means of the knob n outside.
Above the oven i, i is a hole o, o in the centre of the plate where the heat comes
through and passes by p and q to the chimney as shown by the arrows (Fig. 3.)
is a damper which can be operated by the knobs outside. If r is opened the heat
will go from the opening o, o direct to the chimney without heating the top of
the stove. When the dampers m, and r are both opened, the heat will pass direct
from the opening o to the chimney without passing round at q. t, t (Figs 2
and 2) is a scraper corrugated to fit round the oven i, i to clean the soot off the
plates and is operated by the knobs u, v.
Fig. 7. is a vertical section showing the stove arranged for burning wood
'a, a the grate, and c, c are the front bars, q, q a shelf or plate to draw out as before
if required. i. is a small additional oven, h, h is the flue to the centre of the
bottom of the oven, i, i and m, m is the damper. When this damper m m is in
the vertical position as drawn the heat passes down the flue h, h and heats the
oven as previously described, but when it is laid down it covers the opening to the
flue, and the heat travels as before named with regard to the previously
described figures. This stove can be arranged so that the beat will travel more
than once round the stove which can be done by altering the bottom flue h, h as
shown at Fig. 8. The heat passes along the flue h¹, h' over the oven top to the left
hand top corner, and through the opening w, to the flue h¹¹, h" as shown at trans-
verse section Fig. 9. and plan view Fig. 10. then under the oven again and up the
flue hand over the top again through the opening a, c and thence through
the aperture v, v to the space kk and to the chimney as before. Fig. 11. is a
section through the line Ġ-H in Fig. 10. I also provide dampers in the flue or
space k, k beneath the hot plate to throw the heat upwards against the bottom of
the pans when cooking.
The above constitutes the stove proper. The following appliance, or devices
specially designed for supporting the meat or other food whilst being cooked in the
oven of this stove, are supplied with the above described stove and form part and
parcel thereof, being interchangeable according to the particular purpose for which
the stove is required for the time being. For roasting meat in the oven a spit or
fork y. y Fig 4 is provided which can readily be attached to a short shaft z, z or
axle passing out through a tube in the back of the oven and provided with a worm
wheel 1, 1 actuated by a worm 2. 2 fixed at the lower end of a spindle 3. 3. which
is driven by a smoke jack 4. 4. in a branch pipe.connected to the chimney or stove
pipe l, . A damper 5. 5 is provided for allowing the current to pass direct up the
chimney, or for diverting it through the branch pipe when the smoke jack 4. 4.
is required to be put in motion. In some cases I bring the revolving spindle into
the oven through the top and support its lower end in a footstep driving it at the
upper end above the stove as shown at Fig 12. The spindle may be provided
with arms carrying hooks to hang meat upon or with shelves made of iron or
wire work.
Another appliance where the revolving spit or spindle is not required consists of
a metal dish with a small socket at each end in which can be placed a kind of
gallows carrying a fork, skewer hooks or other similar means for supporting the
meat to be cooked, or the gallows may be carried in a socket fixed in the sides of
the oven so that the dish may be placed under and removed without disturbing
the meat.
Another consists of a metal dish b, b Fig. 13. with a small socket or pin 7.7. in
the centre in or upon which can be placed a vertical arm supporting two wire
grids 9. 9, between which may be placed a chop or steak or a slice of bread to
toast.
One of the grids 9. 9 is hinged so that it can be opened out to introduce the
steak or other articles between the grids and spiral or other springs are provided to

page_text: press the two grids together: so as to hold anything firmly between them. The
inner faces of the grids may be provided with pins or spikes; 11 and 12 are
spits which can be used instead of the grids 9. 9. and Fig. 14 shews a modification
of Fig. 13. the sockets 7. 7. being at the sides of the dish 6. 6.
In Fig. 7 is shown one of these spits fixed in a small bracket attached to the
side of the oven.
It will be evident that a kitchen range can be made on the improved principle
by having a larger fire place with a right and left hand over and arranging the
Hlues and dampers accordingly.
For baking bread I modify this stove as follows;-I make the outer case of the
stove of a cylindrical form like an ordinary circular revolving oven as shown at
Figs. 15 and 16 and so arrange the flues, dampers and partitions as herein before
described that the heat current passes in the forin of a spiral or coil several times
round it before reaching the chimney, and I provide the flues with dampers m' and
by opening which the heat can at any time be caused to pass direct to the
chimney without traversing the flues.
m³
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I wish it to be under-
stood that I claim as the invention Communicated to me by the said Francis
Jackson, the improvements in. the construction of stoves ranges ovens and other
appliances for cooking substantially as hereinbefore more particularly described and
illustrated by the drawings annexed.
In witness whereof I the said George Davies have hereunto set my hand and seal
this twenty fifth day of April in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred
and eighty four