Improved Construction of Sewer.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Mar., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 24th Dec., 1890-Accepted, 24th Jan., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Construction of Sewer.
I HENRY LEWIS DOULTON of Lambeth Pottery, Lambeth, County of Surrey,
Potter, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:--
My said invention relates to improvements in the construction of sewers.
According to my said invention I combine in the construction of a sewer two
elements:-
First An outer casing or shell of brick work, concrete, cement or other suitable
material. This outer casing is made of sufficient thickness and strength to resist the
crushing or other stresses to which sewers are subject and may he of such materials as
are pervious to moisture.
Second A lining made of such materials, as for example salt or enamel glazed
ware, as are impervious to moisture and the inner surface of which may be coated
with such substances as are found best adapted to withstand not only the attrition of
solid matter contained in the sewage but also the decomposition produced by the
chemical action either of the liquid sewage or of the noxious gases frequently found
in sewers.
By constructing a sewer in the manner hereinbefore referred to comparatively cheap
materials may be used for the greater and purely structural part of the sewer and by
thus relieving the more expensive impervious material from the duty of resisting
stresses it may be used much thinner and in this way an impervious sewer may be
produced much more economically than when the whole body of the sewer is composed
of impervious materials. The inner portion or impervious lining may consist of a tube
without longitudinal joints or it may be built up in sections jointed in a convenient
manner.
The transverse joints of the lining may be either plain butt or end to end joints or
the different lengths of lining may be joined by socket, dovetail or other overlapping
joints as is well understood.
I'may corrugate, flute, or otherwise vary the form of the external surface of the
impervious lining for the purpose of increasing its cohesion with the concrete,
cement or other material forming the outer shell or connecting the impervious lining
thereto.
The impervious lining need not necessarily extend. to the whole inner surface of the
sewer and for some purposes it will be found sufficient to limit the lining to the lower
portion or invert of the sewer.
Dated this Twenty-fifth day of March 1890.
JULIUS ALLMANN & Co.,
70, Deansgate, Manchester, Agents for Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Construction of Sewer.
I, HENRY LEWIS DOULTON of Lambeth Pottery, Lambeth, County of Surrey,
Potter, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
My said invention relates to improvements in the construction of sewers.
According to my said invention I combine in the construction of a sewer two
elements :-
First An outer casing or shell of brickwork, concrete, cement, or other suitable

page_text: material. This outer casing is made of sufficient thickness and strength to resist the
crushing or other stresses to which sewers are subject and may be of such materials
as are pervious to moisture and may be formed or constructed in the ordinary manner.
Second A lining made of such materials as for example salt or enamel glazed ware
as are impervious to moisture, and the inner surface of which may be coated with
such substances as are found best adapted to withstand not only the attrition
of solid matter contained in the sewage but also the decomposition produced
by the chemical action either of the liquid sewage or of the noxious gases frequently
found in sewers.
By constructing a sewer in the manner herein before referred to comparatively
cheap materials may be used for the greater and purely structural part of the sewer
and by thus relieving the more expensive impervious material from the duty of
resisting stresses it may be used much thinner and in this way an impervious sewer
may be produced much more economically than when the whole body of the sewer
is composed of impervious materials. The inner portion or impervious lining may
consist of a tube without longitudinal joints or it may be built up in sections jointed
in a convenient manner.
The transverse joints of the lining may be either plain butt or end to end joints or
the different lengths of lining may be jointed by socket, dovetail or other overlapping
joints as is well understood.
I may corrugate, flute, or otherwise vary the form of the external surface of the
impervious lining for the purpose of increasing its cohesion with the concrete,
cement or other material forming the outer shell or connecting the impervious lining
thereto.
The impervious lining need not necessarily extend to the whole inner surface of
the sewer and for some purposes it will be found sufficient to limit the lining to the
lower portion or invert of the sewer.
The accompanying sheet of drawings shows by way of example various methods of
carrying into practical effect my said invention.
Fig. 1 represents a cross section of a sewer constructed according to my said
invention and Figs. 2 and 3 are longitudinal sections. In these examples a is the
thin impervious lining moulded or shaped as a seamless tube. The transverse joints
thereof may be simple butt or end to end joints as in Fig. 2 or may be socket joints
as in Fig. 3. The intervening space c hetween the lining a and the outer casing
may in such cases be filled in with cement. The inner lining may also be built up in
sections with various kinds of joints as shown in Fig. 4. For some purposes it is
sufficient to uso an impervious lining for the bottom part of the sewer only as shown
at a' in Fig. 6 in this case the outer shell is constructed in the ordinary manner
of sufficient strength to resist the stresses to which sewers are subject and the
lining a being thus relieved from stresses may be made comparatively thin since
its only purpose is to protect the outer casing from the action of the contents of the
sewer.
:
In Fig. 5 are shown various ways of fluting or corrugating the outer surface of
the impervious lining in order to increase the cohesion between the inner lining and
the surrounding material as hereinbefore referred to. I do not however limit myself
to these particular shapes of corrugations and the surface may be otherwise diversified.
The shape of the sewer may be varied according to the circumstances under which
it is to be used and the thickness of the inner lining may also be varied in the same
manner.
Although I prefer to use enamel salt glazed ware for the inner lining other analogous
impervious materials may be used for the same purpose.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
1. In a sewer the combination of a strong outer casing with a thin inner lining
of impervious material completely protecting the whole inner surface of the outer

page_text: casing from the action of the contents of the sewer substantially as herein before
described and set forth.
2. The use of a thin lining of impervious material to protect the bottom part
of the interior of the structural part of a sewer substantially as hereinbefore
described and set forth.
3. The use of corrugations flutings or other modes of diversifying the outer surface
of the inner lining hereinbefore referred to for the purpose of increasing its cohesion
to the surrounding material substantially as described and set forth.
Dated this Twenty-third day of December 1890.
JULIUS ALLMANN & Co.,
70, Deansgate, Manchester, Agents for Applicant.