IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLIANCES FOR WARMING AND VENTILATING, AND IN ARRANGEMENTS FOR ASSISTING IN THE CONVEYANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF SOUNDS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Livermore Shorland, of the Firm of Shillito and
Shorland, of Stretford Road, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLIANCES FOR WARMING AND VENTILATING,
AND IN ARRANGEMENTS FOR ASSISTING IN THE CONVEYANCE AND DISTRIBUTION
OF SOUNDS."
Sealed the 6th April 1877, and dated the 14th October 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Livermore Shorland
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th October 1876.
GEORGE LIVERMORE SHORLAND, of the Firm of Shillito and Shorland, of Stretford
Road, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLIANCES
FOR WARMING AND VENTILATING, AND IN ARRANGEMENTS FOR ASSISTING IN THE
CONVEYANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF SOUNDS."
My Invention relates, in the first place, to the pipes employed in the conveyance
of air, and in arrangements for warning and ventilating rooms or parts of edifices.
Previously to my said Invention iron pipes have been employed in the con-
veyance of air for the said purposes, but such pipes are liable to oxidise, and being
rough internally are liable to become coated with dust and impurities. To remedy
these defects, and also to otherwise render such pipes more suitable for the said
purposes, I coat the said pipes internally, or both internally and externally, with
glass enamel.
The said pipes are thus rendered comparatively smooth inside, and
convey air with less friction, and are not so liable to become coated with dirt,
can be readily cleaned, and do not cool warm air so much as in the case of the
ordinary rough pipes. To render the mouths or the throats of the openings of
such pipes more clear and pleasant looking, I, in some cases, employ for such parts
a white enamel or an enamel of a light colour. The exposed portions of the
exteriors of the pipes may be enamelled to suit the decorations of the room or place
in which they are erected.
In the second place, I employ such pipes in arrangements for assisting in the
conveyance and distribution of the human voice and of musical sounds in places of
worship, lecture halls, and other places. In such cases I introduce a current or
currents of air into the church, chapel, hall, or place, in such a manner as that the

page_text: currents of air shall assist in the conveyance and distribution of the sounds. When
applied, say, example, in a church, I so arrange the pipes for the conveyance of
cool or warmed air as that the current or currents of air shall issue from an opening
or from openings situated behind or on each side of the speaker, the mouth or
mouths of the air conduit or conduits being bent forwards and upwards so as to
deliver the issuing air in a direction or in directions which shall cause it to flow
over the head of the speaker or to proceed from the locality of the speaker towards
the hearers. The air so employed also assists in the warming or ventilation of the
church or room, and I prefer to withdraw such air through openings situated in or
near the level of the floor, and in such positions as to induce currents of air to flow
from the said inlet opening or openings towards parts of the room which are distant
from the speaker.
If preferred, for any reason, pipes not coated with enamel may be employed when
carrying into effect this part of my Invention.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said George Livermore Shorland in the Great Seal Patent Office on tho
14th April 1877.
"
GEORGE LIVERMORE SHORLAND, of the Firin of Shillito and Shorland, of Stretford
Road, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster. IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLIANCES.
FOR WARMING AND VENTILATING, AND IN ARRANGEMENTS FOR ASSISTING IN THE
CONVEYANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF SOUNDS."
My Invention relates, in the first place, to the pipes employed in the conveyance
of air, and in arrangements for warining and ventilating rooms or parts of edifices.
Previously to my said Invention iron pipes have been employed in the con-
veyance of air for the said purposes, but such pipes are liable to oxidise, and being
rough internally are liable to become coated with dust and impurities. To remedy
these defects, and also to otherwise render such pipes more suitable for the said
purposes, I coat the said pipes internally, or both internally and externally, with
glass enamel. The said pipes are thus rendered comparatively smooth inside, and
convey air with less friction, and are not so liable to become coated with dirt. The
said pipes can also be readily cleaned, and do not cool warm air so much as in the
case of the ordinary rough pipes. To render the mouths or the throats of the
openings of such pipes more clear and pleasant looking, I in some cases employ for
such parts a white enamel or an enamel of a light colour, such, for example, as blue
or pink, or a selected colour to harmonise with the decorations of a room. The
outside surfaces of the pipes may either be painted as usual, or the pipes may be
exteriorly enamelled to suit the decorations of the room or place in which they are
erected. The pipes may thus be made to aid in the decoration of a room or
building.
In the second place, I employ such pipes in arrangements for assisting in the
conveyance and distribution of the human voice and of musical sounds in places of
worship, lecture halls, and other places. In such cases I introduce a current or
currents of air into the church, chapel, hall, or place in such a manner as that the
currents of air shall assist in the conveyance and distribution of the sounds. When
applied, say, for example, in a church, I so arrange the pipes for the conveyance of
cool or warmed air as that the current or currents of air shall issue from an opening
or from openings situated behind or on each side of the speaker, the mouth or
mouths of the air conduit or conduits being bent forwards and upwards so as to
deliver the issuing air in a direction or in directions which shall cause it to flow
over the head of the speaker or to proceed from the locality of the speaker towards
the hearers. The air so employed also assists in the warming or ventilation of the
church or room, and I prefer to withdraw such air through openings situated in or
near the level of the floor and in such positions as to induce currents of air to flow

page_text: from the said inlet opening or openings towards parts of the room which are distant
from the speaker.
If preferred, for any reason, pipes not coated with enamel may be employed when
carrying into effect this part of my Invention, but I prefer to employ pipes
enamelled as aforesaid.
Having now fully set forth and indicated the nature of my said Invention, and
incans whereby I carry the same into practical effect, I would have it to be under-
stood that I claim,―
First. The employment of iron pipes enamelled interiorly, or both interiorly and
exteriorly, substantially as and for the purposes set forth and indicated.
And, Lastly. The method of and means for facilitating the conveyance of sounds,
substantially as set forth and indicated.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Livermore Shorland, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand cight hundred and seventy-seven.
Signed and sealed by the said
George Livermore Shorland,
in the presence of
EDWARD K. DUTTON,
Agent to the Patentee,
3, Princess Street,
Manchester.
GEO. L. SHORLAND. (L.S.)