IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING, DRYING, DESSIOATING AND EVAPORATING
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Vincent Garduer, of 24, Norfolk Street,
Middlesex Hospital, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention
of IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING, DRYING, DESSIOATING AND EVAPORATING."
Sealed the 22nd July. 1856, and dated the 26th January 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Vincent Gardner,
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
..the 26th January 1856.
I, EDWARD VINCENT, GARDNER, of 24, Norfolk Street, Middlesex
Hospital, in the County of Middlesex,. do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING, DRYING, DESSICATING AND
EVAPORATING," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in an apparatus of the following construc-
tion, reference being made to the accompanying Drawing, viz:-
A is a furnace, supported on brickwork or castings; B are the fire bars..
Over the furnace is arranged an iron casing or chamber C, containing
the plates D, which serve to conduct the heated products in the direction
indicated by the arrows to the chimney E. A series of iron chambers'F
are fixed in the large chamber C, one above the other; these are open at
each side, and are heated by the heated products from the furnace
passing around them..

page_text: I will now proceed to describe the working of the apparatus. When
I desire to use it for heating air, the internal portion of the chambers F
are filled with pieces of metal in order to increase the heating surface,
and the chambers are connected by exterior bent pipes G, to form a
continuous passage. A vessel H may be provided at either end of the
passage, filled with lime or other hygrometric material, in order to
remove any moisture from the air previously to its entering the machine;
if it be placed at the top, then a fan is employed in order to produce a
downward current; the heated air may then be employed as usual.
For drying and dessicating, the pipes G are not used; instead thereof,
rollers are placed at each end of the chambers F, and over each pair
an endless band or sheet of wire gauze or other suitable material is caused
to travel, the rollers being actuated by suitable machinery. Over the
whole apparatus an outer casing I is placed; inside. this are fixed the
sloping plates or shelves K to direct the materials as they pass from one
band to the next. Scrapers L are furnished, attached to the sides of
the chamber C, for the purpose of clearing the bands from any particles
that might otherwise adhere to them. The vessel H may in this case
form the hopper for feeding the bands with the substances to be dried,
dessicated, or heated; the bands serve to convey the substances succes-
sively through all the heated chambers, from the lowest of which they
are discharged.
Evaporation. For the purpose of evaporating fluids, the bands and
rollers are dispensed with, and in lieu thereof, evaporating pans or dishes
containing the fluid, are introduced into the chambers F. When it is
required to arrest or collect any vapour or gas which may be given of
in any of these processes, an outlet pipe is attached to the outer casing
or chamber I, in order to conduct them to a receiver.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edward Vincent Gardner in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 23rd July 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
VINCENT GARDNER, of 24, Norfolk Street, Middlesex Hospital, in the
County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of January, in the

page_text: year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the
nineteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Edward Vincent Gardner, Her special
licence that I, the said Edward Vincent Gardner, my executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Edward Vincent
Gardner, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time.
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING, DRYING, DESSICATING. AND EVAPORATING," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Edward Vincent Gardner, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Vincent Gardner, do bereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
My improvements consist in apparatus of the following construction,
reference being made to the accompanying Drawings, Fig. 1 being a
longitudinal, and Figs. 2 and 3 transverse vertical sections:-
A is a furnace, supported on brickwork or castings. B, B, are the
fire bars. Over the furnace is arranged a casing or chamber C, formed of
metal or other suitable material, containing the plates D, which serve to
direct the heated products, or conduct them in the direction indicated
by the arrows, to the chimney E. A series of iron chambers F are fixed
in the large chamber C, one above the other. These are open at each
side, and are heated by the heated products from the furnace passing
around them.
I will now proceed to describe the working of the apparatus. When
I desire to use it for heating air, the internal portions of the chambers F
are filled with pieces of metal, in order to increase the heating surface,
or the interior of the chambers may be filled with some hygrometric
substance, capable of removing moisture from the air. The chambers F
are connected by exterior bent pipes G, to form a continuous passage.

page_text: A vessel H may be also provided at either end of the passage, filled with
lime or other hygrometric material, in order. to, remove any moisture from
the air previously to entering the machine; if it be placed at the top, then
a fan is employed, in order to produce a downward current. The heated
air may then be employed as usual.
For drying and dessicating, the pipes Ġ are not used; instead thereof
rollers are placed at each end of the chambers F, and over each pair an
endless band or sheet of wire gauze or other suitable material is caused
to travel, the rollers being actuated by suitable machinery. Over the
whole apparatus an outer casing I is placed; inside this are placed the
sloping plates or shelves K, to direct the materials as they pass from
one band to the next. Scrapers L are furnished, attached to the sides
of the chamber c, for the purpose of clearing the bands from any particles
that might otherwise adhere to them. The vessel H may in this case.
form the hopper for feeding,the bands with the substances to be dried,
dessicated, or heated; the bands serve to convey the substances succes-
sively through all the heated chambers, from the lowest of which they
are discharged.
For the purpose of evaporating fluids, the bands and rollers are dis-
pensed with, and in lieu thereof, evaporating pans or dishes containing
the fluid are introduced into the chambers F. When it is required to
arrest or collect any vapour or gas which may be given off in any of these
processes, an outlet pipe is attached to the outer casing or chamber I,
in order to conduct them to a receiver.
In order to show the application of my Invention to the heating of
coal for the production of gas, I refer to the Drawing, Fig. 4, in longi-
tudinal vertical section, in which A represents the furnace, constructed
according to my Patent for smoke consuming, B being the fire bars, and
E the chimney. In this case the plates D are dispensed with. G are
the retorts so arranged as to form a passage or flue between and around
them for the heated products from the furnace. The Figure being in
longitudinal section, shows the sections of the retorts. The gas generated
in these retorts is collected and purified in the usual manner. It is
evident that the heated products from the furnace passing in the direc
tion indicated by the arrows are made to impinge upon every portion
of the surface of the retorts G, G; and in order more effectually to
accomplish this purpose, I sometimes employ retorts and projections F
as shown in the Drawing, whereby the current of heated matter is
directed down and between the retorts. It is also evident that by substi

page_text: tuting muffles in place of the retorts G, G, that this construction of
furnace is well adapted for baking pottery and such like ware. It is
also evident that any number of retorts, muffles, &c., may be employed
other than those shown in the Drawing, the furnaces being arranged in
a suitable manner.
The Invention is particularly applicable to heating and drying air, to
culinary purposes, such as baking, and for hot closets, drying linen,
drying piece goods, or paper, dessicating coffee, sugar, &c., drying
manures, blood, &c., for ovens, for pottery and glass, for heating coal
for the manufacture of gas, and for purposes of evaporation and dis-
tillation generally. Where a constant temperature, unattainable by
furnace heat is required, steam may conveniently be applied for heating
instead of the furnace A.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Vincent Gardner, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of July, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
EDW V. GARDNER. (L.S.)