New or Improved Products Obtained by Process and Treatment of Flaked Grain or Cereals, and for Apparatus Employed.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Feb., 1894
Complete Specification Loft 14th Nov 1894 Accented 22nd Dec.
1801
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
New or Improved Products Obtained by Process and Treatment of
Flaked Grain or Cereals, and for Apparatus Employed.
JOSEPH ADDEY FAWCETT, 41 Rye Hill, Newcastle upon Tyne, out of business
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention applies to the method, manner, or process and apparatus employed,
and for products obtained from the treatment of flaked or flattened grain or cereals
or flaked or flattened portions thereof which are suitable adjuncts in connection with
barley-malt or other malts for the production of liquors suitable for brewing of
beers, vinegar making, distillation of spirit, or for food purposes. The mechanical
means or methods hitherto employed for treating grain or cereals for flaking or
flattening purposes has been to remove wholly or in part the germ or germ sac
part or parts and more or less to decorticate or deprive the grain or cereal wholly
or in part of its husk the remaining kernel which for the most part consists of starch
and albuminous matters and is more or less broken up or granular condition being
subjected to moisture or steam or heat as a preparation for further treatment which
has been to pass the prepared material through one set of rolls or rollers to flatten
out or flake the product which has then been passed to drying kiln or in bulk or
otherwise to drying apparatus and heat and air applied to dry off the moisture.
These processes are known and I claim no invention in them except in combination
as hereinafter described and set forth; but I can and may use in conjunction and
combination with any or all of these processes for the production of the products as
hereinafter described the rollers or apparatus invented by me and forming the
subject of Letters Patent granted to me and dated December 31st 1889
No. 20932.
My present invention consists in subjecting the cleaned and treated and flaked
grain or cereals or portions thereof substantially as herein described, and herein-
after called the products, to a double or repeated rolling or treatment in combination,
that is to say the products having passed through or between one set of rolls or
rollers which may be heated as hereinafter described, I continue the treatment by
passing the flaked grain or cereals or products therefrom again through or between
rolls or rollers and repeating the rolling operations so long as is requisite to attain
the desired object which may be to dry or assist in the drying only of the products
or to singe, slightly burn or caramelize or colour or flavour them wholly or partly
and to attain these objects of drying, colouring, caramelizing, or flavouring the
products the rolls or rollers of the first or successive sets of rolls or rollers may be
warmed or heated by gas, fire, friction electricity (through imperfect conduction),
or steam or the heat may be applied to one roll or roller only of one set or of each
set of successive rolls or rollers and by these means I dispense with the necessity
otherwise of drying kiln or apparatus but a special feature of my invention is that
the flattened or flaked grain or cercals or portions thereof are subjected to pressure
which preserves their Hattened or flaked form whilst they are acquiring heat or
becoming singed, caramelized, coloured or flavoured. Successive sets of rolls or
rollers may be placed so that the flaked products can pass direct from set of rolls
or rollers on to the following set and the products in passing may be subjected to
current of heated or cooled air or air at the normal or atmospheric temperature or
steam or moisture as desirable which will largely depend upon the amount of

page_text: moisture imparted to the grain or cereals or portions thereof in the first instance
and also the temperature of the successive heated roll or rollers and in combination
therewith and between the sets of successive rolls or rollers I may use elevators to
convey the products or such may be passed over trays or surfaces or shaking shoots
any of which may be heated by any convenient method so as to maintain the heat
already imparted to the products from the rolls or rollers subjecting them mean-
while to currents of air at atmospheric temperature or heated or cooled air to
remove surplus moisture and the products may be passed over sieves to remove the
small particles made in the process of flattening or flaking the grain cereals or
portions thereof. The starch cells are more or less ruptured, exfoliated or burst by
passing through or between the rolls and this is the more effectually accomplished
by the successive rolling in the presence of heat and moisture as herein described.
The finer portions of the caramelized or singed grain or cereals or portions thereof
are a new or improved product and very suitable for flavouring food especially for
cattle.
Whole grain or cereals may be subjected to fire or heat to singe, slightly burn
or caramelize them before subjecting them to the rolling process as herein
described.
The flaked or flattened grain or cereals or parts thereof have a tendency to adhere
to the rolls or rollers and to remove such scrapers and brushes have been employed
but the better to obtain the removal of such adhering particles or portions I may
employ in combination with such rolls or rollers a helically shaped or twisted brush
or scraper which in combination with the rolls or rollers has a more scissor like
like action. I may employ both scraper and brush to each roll or roller in
combination.
Dated the Fifteenth day of February 1894.
New or Improved Products Obtained by Process and Treatment of
Flaked Grain or Cereals, and for Apparatus Employed.
I JOSEPH ADDEY FAWCETT of Broxholme Lane, Doncaster in the County of
York Agent do hereby, declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
This invention applies to the method, manner or process and apparatus employed
and for products obtained from and by the treatment of flaked or flattened grain or
cereals or flaked or flattened portions or parts of grain or cereals which are suitable
adjuncts in connection with barley-malt or other malts or sugars for the production
of liquors for brewing of beers, vinegar making, distillation of spirit or for food
purposes.
Mechanical means or processes hitherto employed, when necessary or desirable,
for treating grain or cereals for flaking or flattening purposes has been to remove
wholly or in part the germ or germ sac or part or parts and more or less to
decorticate or deprive the grain or cereal of its husk the remaining kernel con-
sisting for the most part of starch and also of nitrogenous and albuminous matter
which when in a more or less broken up or granular condition has been subjected
to moisture or steam or heat as a preparation for further treatment which has been
to pass the prepared material through one set of rolls or rollers to flatten out or
Hake the product such product being passed to drying kiln in bulk or otherwise or
to drying machine or apparatus and heat or air applied to dry off the moisture.
These processes are known and I do not by these presents claim any invention in

page_text: them when so practised, but I can and may use in conjunction and combination with
all or any of these processes herein before described for the production of products
as and for the purposes herein described the rollers or apparatus invented by me
and forming the subject of Letters Patent granted to me dated December 31st 1889.
No. 20932.
My present invention consists in subjecting the treated or flaked or flattened grain
or cereals or parts or portions thereof substantially as hereinbefore described and
hereinafter called the products to a double or repeated rolling or treatment in
combination, that is to say the products having passed through or between one set
of rolls or rollers which as hereinafter described may be heated I continue the
treatment by passing the flaked or flattened grain or cereals or parts or portions
therefrom again through or between rolls or rollers and repeating the rolling
process so often as may be requisite to attain the desired object which is to dry or
assist in the drying of the flattened or flaked products or to singe, scorch, buru or
caramelize or colour or flavour wholly or partly the flaked or flattened material.
To attain these objects namely drying, singeing, scorching, burning or caramelizing
or flavouring the products the rolls or rollers of the first or successive sets of rolls
or rollers may be warmed or heated by gas flame, steam, fire, friction or any
convenient method. The heat may be applied to one roll or roller of each set or
any one set of the successive sets of rolls or rollers and by these means of drying
and heating the products I dispense with the necessity otherwise of drying kiln or
drying machinery or apparatus but a special feature of my invention is that the
flattened or flaked grain or cereals or parts or portions thereof are subjected to the
kind of pressure which preserves their flattened or flaked form or shape whilst they
are being dried or heated singed, scorched, burned, caramelized, coloured or
flavoured. Successive sets of rolls or rollers may be placed so that the flaked
or flattened products can pass direct from first or any following set of rolls
or rollers and the products in passing may be subjected to current or currents of
heated or cooled air or air at the normal or atmospheric temperature or steam or
spray moisture or other moisture may be applied at this stage as desirable which
will largely depend upon the amount of moisture contained in or imparted to the
grain or cereals or parts or portions thereof in the first instance and also to the
temperature of the rolls or rollers in combination therewith. Between the sets of
successive rolls or rollers I may use elevators to convey the products from one set
to following set or for the repeated operations or the products may be passed over
trays or surfaces or shaking shoot inclined or otherwise any of which trays or
surfaces or shoots may be heated by any convenient method to impart heat or
maintain the heat imparted to the products by the rolls or rollers whilst if desirable.
may employ currents of heated or cooled air or air at the normal or atmospheric
temperature to remove the surplus moisture. The products resulting from these
processes may be passed over sieves to remove the smaller particles incidentally
made from the grain, cereals or parts or portions thereof. The cells of the grain
cereals or parts or portions thereof containing starch are more or less burst or
exfoliated by passing through or between the rolls or rollers and this is the more
effectually accomplished by the repeated or successive rolling of the flaked or
flattened products in the presence of combined pressure heat and moisture as herein
described. The finer or smaller portions or parts of the singed, scorched, burned
or coloured or flavoured or caramelized grain or cereals or parts or portions thereof
are a new or improved product and very suitable for flavouring food especially for
cattle.
Whole or broken or otherwise treated grain or cereals may be subjected to fire or
heat to singe, scorch, burn or caramelize or colour or flavour them before subjecting
them to the rolling process or processes as herein described.
The flaked or Hattened grain or cereals or parts or portions thereof have a
tendency to adhere to the rolls or rollers and to remove such scrapers, or brushes
are employed but the better to attain this object I may in combination with such
rolls or rollers employ a helical or twisted brush or scraper or both brush or scraper

page_text: which in combination with the working or revolving rolls or rollers have a somewhat
scissor like action.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim. is
First. New or improved products resulting from treatment of whole grain or
cereals or parts or portions thereof by repeated rolling them through or between
rolls or rollers as and for the purposes substantially as herein set forth and described.
Second. New or improved products resulting from the treatment of whole
grain or cereals or parts or portions thereof by passing them through or between
rolls or rollers or sets of rollers some or all having been heated as a drying medium
for such flattened or flaked grain or cereals or portions thereof as and for the
purposes substantially as herein described and set forth.
Third. New or improved products resulting from the treatment of whole grain or
cereals or parts or portions thereof the same being scorched, burned, caramelized,
coloured or flavoured by passing then through or between heated rolls or rollers or
other methods, with or without trays or shaking shoots intermediate to such sets of
rolls or rollers, or processes in combination as and for the purposes as herein
described and set forth.
Fourth. New or improved products obtained by or resulting from the scorching,
burning, colouring or caramelizing or flavouring whole grain or cereals or portions
or parts thereof by heated rollers or other methods or processes described herein
and which finer portions or parts when seperated from the larger parts or portions
of such flattened or flaked grain or cereals may be used for flavouring food as
herein set forth and described.
Fifth. New or improved products obtained from whole grain or cereals or parts
or portions thereof by methods described in foregoing Specification and claims where
one or more sets of rolls or rollers and apparatus have heated surfaces used in com-
bination with the rolls or rollers or apparatus for which Letters Patent were granted
to me dated December 31st 1889 numbered 20932.
Sixth. Helical or twisted brushes or scrapers or both brush and scraper applied
in combination with working or revolving rolls or rollers for the purpose of the
better and more effectual removal from such rolls or rollers of flaked or flattened
grain or cereals or portions thereof for use substantially as described and set forth
herein.
Dated this 14th day of November 1804