IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES TO BE EMPLOYED IN ARCHITECTURAL ORNAMENTATION.
Year: 1875

page_text: .
LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Lipscombe, of the Strand, in the
County of Middlesex, Water Filter Manufacturer, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES TO BE EMPLOYED IN
ARCHITECTURAL ORNAMENTATION.
"
Sealed the 21st January 1876, and dated the 22nd November 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Lipscombe at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 22nd November 1875.
I, FREDERICK LIPSCOMBE, of the Strand, in the County of Middle-
sex, Water Filter Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my
said Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES TO BE
EMPLOYED IN ARCHITECTURAL ORNAMENTATION," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the manufacture or production of archi-
tectural trusses, copings, balusters, columns, pilasters, capitals, pier
caps, window sills, corner blocks, window arches, mouldings, window

page_text: cornices, parapets, fillings, terminals, or other objects of architectural
decoration or utility from fire-clay of a suitable nature, or from mixtures
of different fire-clays, or from. mixtures of fire-clay and other materials
by first moulding the materials, then partially drying and afterwards
heating the same in a kiln (technically termed biscuiting), afterwards
glazing the articles with any materials suitable for that purpose, and
finally, by the application of a suitable degree of heat in a kiln, fixing
the glaze; or the articles when moulded may be either wholly or
partially glazed without the previous biscuiting, and in that state fired
in a kiln to the proper degree of heat. By this means the various
articles are rendered impervious to the weather, whilst at the same time
their color is preserved.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
.
filed by the said Frederick Lipscombe in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 17th May 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
LIPSCOMBE, of the Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Water Filter
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Frederick Lipscombe, Her special license
that I, the said Frederick Lipscombe; my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Frederick Lipscombe, my executors,
administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES TO BE EMPLOYED IN ARCHITECTURAL
ORNAMENTATION," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Frederick Lipscombe, my executors or administrators, by an instrument

page_text: in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick Lipscombe, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, that is to say :-
The said Invention consists in the manufacture or production of
architectural trusses, copings, balusters, columns, pilasters, capitals,
pier caps, window cills, corner blocks, window arches, mouldings, window
cornices, parapets, fillings, terminals, or other objects of architectural
decoration or utility from fire-clay of a suitable nature, or from mixtures
of different fire-clays, or from mixtures of fire-clay and other materials
by first moulding the materials, then partially drying and afterwards
heating the same in a kiln (technically termed biscuiting), subsequently
glazing the articles with any materials suitable for that purpose, and
finally, by the application of a suitable degree of heat in a kiln, fluxing
the glaze; or the articles when moulded may be either wholly or
partially glazed without the previous biscuiting, and in that state fired
in a kiln to the proper degree of heat. By these means the various
articles are rendered impervious to the weather, whilst at the same time
their color is preserved.
Any of the fire-clays from Stourbridge, Devon, Dorset, Derbyshire; or
elsewhere, or mixtures of fire-clays used by potters, with or without
broken fired ware, or broken Ganister stone, or broken fire-bricks, or
any suitable material capable of standing a high temperature may be
used.
It is necessary that the mixture should be able to stand the requisite
high temperature without materially getting out of shape or vitrifying
to an inconvenient extent. Every practical potter is aware of the
capabilities in this respect of various fire-clays.
Having provided myself with material suitable for the purpose I
therewith mould by manual or mechanical means any object of archi-

page_text: tectural decoration I require (eschewing string courses or slabs or tiles
that have a flat or nearly flat surface, such forming no part of my
Invention) for the exterior of buildings exposed to rain and other
vicissitudes of the weather, objects that are apart from or not built into a
building, or that are not exposed to rain form no part of my Invention,
but only such of the glazed architectural objects before mentioned as
may be intended to be built into the substance of a building, or to
project a little as a face or veneer, and be cemented or otherwise fixed
against its exterior; this veneer I designate "glazed stone facing."
Brick or other buildings, either existing or new, may be archi-
tecturally decorated by the herein-before mentioned architectural facings
fixed against their exterior.
When necessary the several pieces of architectural objects herein-
before mentioned may be ground to a good fitting joint by any of the
processes used in grinding or smoothing hard surfaces.
Before the glazing process the architectural objects, either when
biscuited or before they have been fired, may be wholly or partly
covered with any of the clay slips well known to practical potters,
colored or uncolored as desired.
.
I find the following to be a suitable fluxable glaze both for the
biscuited and unbiscuited objects:-34 parts by weight of Cornish stone,
32 of Dorset clay, 18 of glass, 17 of Paris white, 19 of barytes, and
10 of flint. These glazing materials may be varied, and instead of the
whole or some of those ingredients others well known to potters may be
added or substituted.
When desired one or more of the coloring ingredients used by potters
or glass makers may be added to the glaze, but I do not lay any claim
to glazing the berein-before mentioned articles by the condensation of
salt fumes; the inferior color given by those fumes and by coal smoke
would not be suitable for the purposes contemplated by my Invention.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider.
to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to
me by the herein-before in part Letters Patent is, the manufacture of

page_text: the herein-before mentioned moulded fire-clay architectural objects for
exposed surfaces of buildings by subjecting them to surface glazing.or
vitrification, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Lipscombe, have to this
my Specification set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of
May, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
FRED. LIPSCOMBE. (L.S.)