Improvements in Carpets.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Aug., 1891-Accepted, 12th Sept. 1891
CUM LEIM DIDUITIATION
Improvements in Carpets.
I, JAMES YATE JOHNSON of 47 Lincolns Inn Fields in the County of
Middlesex Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention which has
been communicated to me from abroad by Hugh Patterson of Philadelphia in
the County of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania U.S.A. Manufacturer and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:
This invention relates to that class of carpet fabrics commonly known as ingrains
and consists of an improved weave of such fabrics as hereinafter described and
specifically claimed, whereby a carpet of uniform thickness is produced having a
full three-ply wefting, or three weft planes, and possessing all the advantages of
color effects by the wefts, which are attained in the ordinary three-ply ingrain
carpets, with a great economy in the number of warp threads used, and consequently
materially lessening the cost of production.
A carpet made according to this invention is properly a three ply fabric, but it is
produced by using only four warp threads instead of six which is the number usual
employed in the old method of weaving three ply ingrain carpets. The wearing
quality of the carpet is equal to that of the ordinary three-ply carpet, and it has a
very superior appearance on the back side as well as the front side, the back side
being free from the objectionable striping or shading effect, so that either side may
be exposed to view with pleasing effect and when one side becomes worn the carpet
may be reversed.
The leaves or flowers composing the figures of the pattern are made to stand out
in marked relief as though embossed. This is caused by the manner in which the
warp threads are changed from one face of the carpet to the other, two of the four
warps of a set passing directly from one face of the carpet to the other, while the
other two of the set pass for two shots or picks from the outer weft planes to
between the outer and intermediate weft planes, and then each to the outer face of
the plane opposite to that from which it started. This arrangement of warps
occurs at the termination of the pockets or bags inherent in this class of carpets,
the said pockets or bags underlying the figures of the pattern and act to draw
closely at that point the two outer weft planes and compress the corresponding
wefts of the central plane, while the said central wefts lying in the pockets serve
as a filling to make pronounced the embossed effects.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawing represents in longitudinal sectional view,
parallel with the warp threads, a carpet weave according to this invention.
Figure 2 is a transverse sectional view at a right angle to Figure 1.
Referring to the drawing, 1. 2. 3 and 4 indicate the four warp threads of a set,
the manner in which they cross from the top to the bottom ply as above described
being shown in Figure 1.
The weft threads are indicated at a. b. and c and form three continuous weft
planes, said threads changing from one weft plane to another, as required by the
exigencies of the predetermined pattern and to obviate the shading or striping
effect ordinarily resulting at places on the back of the fabric where a new color of
weft is introduced into the face of the carpet. By the ordinary method of weaving
these carpets, a weft passes from the face to the back of the carpet after having
been employed in the production of the figure upon the face thereof, an objectionable
striping effect being sometimes the result. According to this invention this
objection is obviated by passing such weft into the intermediate weft plane, instead
of to the back of the carpet and where such coloring wefts are carried into the
iniddle plane in order to avoid appearing as a stripe or band across the back of the

page_text: fabric, they lie in pockets P in which said wefts float as a filling ununited with
either outer ply.
When an interchange occurs two of the warp threads cross directly as shown
at A, from one outer weft plane to the other, and the other two threads pass for
say two shots between the outer and intermediate planes, and then pass, respectively
each to the outer face of the plane opposite to that from which it had come. By
this means in three ply ingrain fabric of this kind a better firmer and more effectual
binding of the plies between the figure pockets is obtained than heretofore, and
also a marked prominence of the figures is produced.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
A carpet fabric having three continuous weft planes, and the warp threads
arranged in sets of four warp threads each, and interwoven with the weft threads
of the top and bottom planes to form top and bottom plies enclosing the other weft
plane between them, the weft threads being interchanged in position among the
three planes according to the exigencies of the pattern and to obviate shading as
described, and the warp threads being interwoven in the two plies and crossing
from one to the other ply when an interchange of warp becomes necessary, two of
the said warps crossing directly, and the other two lying for two or more shots
between the outer and intermediate plies and then passing each to the outer face
of the opposite ply, substantially as set forth.
Dated this 12th day of August 1891.
J. H. JOHNSON- & Co.;
Agents.