Improvements in Looms for Weaving.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Aug., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 28th May, 1889-Accepted, 28th Sept., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Looms for Weaving.
I, CHRISTOPHER CATLOW of 22 Clifton Street, Burnley in the County of Lancaster,
Overlooker, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The said improvements in looms for weaving comprise :-
Firstly. Improved construction and combination of parts for operating the slay so
as to secure a longer "dwell" or time for passage of the shuttle.
I employ an extended arm or lug from each slay sword and connect the latter
by link with the crank, so that the link is shortened and in order to avoid the difficulty
of getting over the dead centre, or tendency to lock apply to each slay sword a
spiral or blade spring, the other end being attached to the end of a vertical lever
(in case of the blade spring by a connecting rod) which may be operated or rocked
on its fulcrum by means of a tappet from the tappet shaft, which tappet bears on
and against the lover for the purpose of easing the spring.
If the blade spring be applied with the rocking lever, its lower end will be
attached to the cross rail of the loom, its upper or free end bearing against the front
of the slay sword, so that as the slay sword is making its forward movement to beat
up, the springs are by the movement of the slay distended or charged and their
effective force is applied for purpose of assisting and getting the crank and link past
the dead centre.
Secondly. In the weaving of lenas and selvages, I employ connected to the
loom top behind the shed a hanging blade or rod in loose end of which is an eye
through which the outer warp thread is passed thence upwards behind the blade
through another oye in a leaf projecting from the back of the blade, thence to the
warp beam, this end of the warp is stationary and by reason of being passed through
the upper eye forms an angle convenient for the passage first from one side to the
other side of the adjoining thread of warp which is passed through an eye of a head
independent of the adjoining healds and which receives a reciprocating motion from
the heald roller or from the dobby lever so that by the reciprocation this warp thread
is at each pick thrown alternately on opposite sides of the hanging bar and stationary
warp thread, thereby ensuring a thorough interlacing or locking of the two heald
threads, and securing a perfect selvage.
Or instead of the appliance above described attached to the loom top, I employ a
specially constructed reed consisting of dents having eyes for the passage of the
ends" forming one part of the shed, whilst the ends outside the eyed reed are
through a side or lateral motion imparted to the reed or to the healds passed from one
side to the other of the eyed reeds, the latter not extending quite to the bottom bar of
the reed so as to leave a passage way for transfer of "ends" from one side to the
other of the reeds.
:
Thirdly From the boss on which the swell of the shuttle box is hinged 1 employ a
projecting arm or crank to the outer end of which is a strap carried to the picker
pindle behind the end of the check strap so that on the shuttle entering the box and
by its impact on the check strap forces the latter against the strap connected with the
rank arin of the swell, and the crank in turn forces the swell against the side of
he shuttle and arrests the momentum of the latter leaving it quite free for the out or
eturn pick.
:
Fourthly The letting back of the cloth is effected by lifting a catch out of the
eeth of the stud wheel of the train of gear employed for taking up the cloth as woven ;
combination with such wheel 1 employ a blade spring bolted to the crossrail, the
pper and free end of which is in gear with the teeth and as the wheel turns springs
om tooth to tooth when the catch is raised the wheel runs back, currying the spring

page_text: with it until reaching a stop piece which arrests the further movement backwards of
the wheel and cloth.
Fifthly To an improved construction, combination, and arrangement of treadle
tappots, and, treadle, lever or levers,, which mechanism as heretoforo constructed,
consisted of tappets of unequal size acting on tappet bowls of equal diameter attached
to the several treadle levers, by which the latter received an unequal head.
The improvements connected with the treadle motion are designed to secure an
uniform and even shed irrespective of the particular tappets or tappet levers that may
for the time be in use for forming the shed, and to ensure direct vertical action or
pull of
pull of the springs upon the heal through the use of an improved combination of
I mount the several treadle levers on different fulcrums, and employ tappets, all of
equal throw, whilst the tappet bowls are also of equal diameters, thus giving the even
shed desired.
:
and
Sixthly The loose reed device comprises a rod extending longitudinally under the
slay beam, on which rod are fastened a number of levers or bosses having upper
lower fingers, the upper fingers extend to the back of the reed casing for holding
the reed for the beat up, the lower fingers are by the movement of the "going part
brought in contact with a fixed cross rail extending under the beam on which the
fingers bear during the beating up, but should the shuttle be caught in the shed its
contact with the reed will press the latter outwards, and the fingers and rod referred
to will make a partial turn whereby the extremities of the lower fingers are raised
and caused to pass above or over the fixed cross rail or locking bar, and the reed is
loose.
For some class of looms I apply the device to the slay swords employing a bell
crank notch lever in conjunction with a horizontal catch lever working on a stud as a
fulcrum, the ends of this lever are connected with fingers extending from the back
of the reed. In front of the horizontal lever is a vertical locking bar through which
are adjusting screws, the ends of the screws being set so that the notch in the bell
crank lever will just reach the catch on the horizontal lever and the outer end of the
latter will rest upon the locking bar, this being the situation of the parts for the beat
up, should however the shuttle be caught in the race its pressure on the reed will
move the latter radially on its cap and the extending fingers and connecting rod will
raise one end of the horizontal lever thereby removing its catch clear of the notch
bell crank lever so that the parts do not engage and the reed is loose.
Dated this 27th day of August 1888.
WALTER BRIERLEY,
Town Hall Buildings, Halifax, Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Looms for Weaving.
I, CHRISTOPHER CATLOW of 22 Clifton Street, Burnley, in the County of Lancaster,
Overlooker, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
The said improvements in looms for weaving comprise :-
Firstly Improved construction and combination of parts for operating the slay.
In order to avoid the difficulty of getting over the dead centre, or tendency to lock I
apply to each slay sword a spiral or blade spring, the other end being attached to
the foom side so that as the slay sword is making its forward movement to beat up,
the springs are by the movement of the slay distended or charged and their effective
force is applied for purpose of assisting and getting the crank and link past the dead
centre.
:
Secondly In the weaving of lenas and selvages, I employ connected to the loom
top behind the shed hanging blades or rods in loose end of which are eyes through
which the outer warp threads are passed thence upwards behind the blade through

page_text: another eye, thence to the warp beam, this end of the warp is stationary and by
reason of being passed through the upper eye forms an angle convenient for the
passage first from one side to the other side of the adjoining thread of warp which is
passed through the eye of the ordinary mail of the adjoining healds and which frame
receives a reciprocating notion from the heald roller, by cam surface and links, or
from the dobby lever so that by the reciprocation this warp thread is at each pick
thrown alternately on opposite sides of the warp thread, thereby ensuring a thorough
interlacing or locking of the two heald threads, and securing a perfect selvage. Or
instead of the appliance above described attached to the loom top, I employ a
specially constructed reed consisting of dents having eyes for the passage of the
ends" forming one part of the shed, whilst the ends outside the eyed reed are
through a side or lateral motion imparted to the reed or to the healds passed from one
side to the other of the eyed reeds, the latter not extending quite to the bottom bar
of the reed so as to leave a passage way for transfer of "ends" from one side to the
other of the reeds.
Thirdly From the boss on which the swell of the shuttle box is hinged I employ a
projecting arm or crank to the outer end of which is a strap carried to the picker
spindle behind the end of the picker so that on the shuttle entering the box and by its
impact on the picker forces the latter against the strap connected with the arm of the
swell, and the arm in turn forces the swell against the side of the shuttle and arrests
the momentum of the latter leaving it quite free for the out or return pick.
Fourthly: The letting back of the cloth is effected by lifting a catch out of the
teeth of the ratchet wheel, whereon the train of gear employed for taking up the
cloth as woven are turned by the spring, in combination with such wheels I employ a
blade spring bolted to the cross rail, the upper and free end of which is in gear with
the teeth and as the wheel turns the spring from tooth to tooth when the catch is
raised the wheels are turned in the reverse direction through the action of the
spring.
Fifthly To an improved construction, combination and arrangement of trendle
tuppets, and treadle lever or levers which mechanism as heretofore constructed,
consisted of tappets of unequal size acting on tappet bowls of equal diameter attached
to the several treadle levers, by which the latter received an unequal head.
The improvements connected with the treadle motion are designed to secure an
uniform and even shed irrespective of the particular tappets or tappet levers that may
for the time he in use for forming the shed, and to ensure direct vertical action or
pull of the springs upon the healds through the use of an improved combination of
levers.
I mount the several treadle levers on different fulcrums, and employ tappets, all of
equal throw, whilst the tappet bowls are also of equal diameters, thus giving the even
hed desired.
:
Sixthly The loose reed device comprises a rod extending longitudinally under the
lay beam, on which rod are fastened a number of levers or bosses having upper and
ower fingers, the upper fingers extend to the back of the reed casing for holding the
eed for the beat up, the lower fingers are by the movement of the "going part"
rought in contact with a fixed cross bar extending under the beam on which the
ingers bear during the beating up, but should the shuttle be aught in the shed its
ontact with the reed will press the latter outwards, and the fingers and rod referred
will make a partial turn whereby the extremities of the lower fingers are raised and
aused to pass above or over the fixed cross rail or locking bar, and the reed is
ose.
For some class of looms I apply the device to the slay swords employing a bell
ank notch lever, working on a fulcrum fixed to the slay, in conjunction with a
orizontal catch lever working on a stud as a fulcrum, the ends of this lever are
unected with fingers extending from the back of the reed. In front of the
orizontal lever is a vertical locking bar through which are adjusting screws, the ends
the screws being set so that the notch in the bell crank lever will just reach
e catch on the horizontal lever and the outer end of the latter will rest upon

page_text: the locking bar, this being the situation of the parts for the beat up, should however
the shuttle be caught in the race its pressure on the reed will move the latter
radially on its cap and the extending finger and connecting rod will raise one
end of the horizontal lever thereby removing its catch clear of the notch bell
crank lever so that the parts do not engage and the reed is loose.
Such being the nature and object of this my said Invention, the following is a
complete description of same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings
in which
Fig. 1 is a side or end elevation of shuttle race and slay sword having the
spring applied to the latter in order to avoid locking on the "dead centre."
Fig. 2 is a front elevation of my improved construction of hanging blades employed
in the weaving of "lenas."
."
Fig. 3 is a front elevation of my improved selvage or split up" motion.
Figs. 4, 5, 6 and 64 are details of Figs. 2 and 3 drawn to an enlarged scale.
Fig. 7 is a plan view of my improved shuttle checking appliance.
Fig. 8 is a side elevation of the "letting back" motion.
Fig. 9 is a front elevation of fig. 8.
Fig. 10 is a side elevation of my improved construction and arrangement of
treadle levers.
Fig. 11 is an end elevation partly in section of my improved loose reed motion.
Fig. 12 is a detail drawn to enlarged scale.
Fig. 13 illustrates a modification of the loose reed motion.
Firstly In order to avoid the difficulty of getting over the dead centre, or
tendency to lock I apply to each slay sword 1 a spiral or blade spring 2 the other
end being attached to the loom side 3, so that as the slay sword 1 is making its
forward movement to beat up, the springs 2 are by the movement of the slay 1
distended or charged and their effective force is applied for purpose of assisting and
getting the crank 4 and link 5 past the dead centre.
Secondly In the weaving of lenos and selvages I employ connected to the loom
top behind the shed hanging blades or rods 4-5 and in the dents or blades 5, which
are mounted in the frame in the same manner, and with the ordinary healds are
eyes 6-6 through which the outer warp threads 7 are passed thence upwards behind
the blade through another eye 8, thence to the warp beam, this end of the warp is
stationary and by reason of being passed through the upper eye 8 (see fig. 5) forms
an angle convenient for the passage first from one side to the other side of the
adjoining thread 9 of warp which is passed through the eye of the ordinary mail of
the adjoining healds and the blades or rods 4. 5. which are mounted and carried in a
wooden frame or bar and receive a reciprocating motion from the part revolution
heald roller 10 by the cam surface 11 and leather links 12. The link 12 being carried
in the groove or can surface il and receives on the part revolution of 10 a side or to
and fro motion (see Fig. 6. 6*) or the motion is obtained from the dobby lever so that
by the reciprocation this warp thread 7 is at each pick thrown alternately on opposite
sides of the warp thread 9 thereby ensuring a thorough interlacing or locking of the
two heald threads, and securing a perfect selvage. Or instead of the appliance above
described attached to the loom top 1 employ a specially constructed reed (see fig. 2)
consisting of dents 5 having eyes 8-6 for the passage of the "ends" 7 forming one
part of the shed whilst the ends 9 outside the eyed reed are through a side or lateral
motion imparted to the reed or to the healds passed from one side to the other of the
eyed reeds, the latter not extending quite to the bottom bar of the reed so as to leave
a passage way for transfer of "ends from one side to the other of the reeds.
:
"
Thirdly From the boss 13 on which the swell 14 of the shuttle box is hinged 1
employ a projecting arm or crank 15 to the outer end of which is attached a strap 16
carried to the pickle spindle 17 behind the end of the picker 18 so that on the shuttle
entering the box its impact on the picker 18, it forces the latter against the strap at 19
and which is connected with the arin 15 of the swell 14 and the arm 15 in turn forces
the swell 14 against the side of the shuttle 14 and arrests the momentum of the latter
leaving it quite free for the out or return pick.

page_text: Fourthly: The letting back of the cloth is effected by lifting a catch 20 on one end
of the cross or stop rod 21 raising a catch 21 out of the teeth of the ratchet wheel 22
whereon the train of gear 23 employed for taking up the cloth as woven are turned by
the spring 24 employed in combination with such wheels and bolted to the cross
rail 25, the upper and free end of which is in gear with the teeth and as the wheel 23*
turns the springs from tooth to tooth, when the catch 21 is raised the wheels 23 are
turned in the reverse direction through the action of the spring 24.
:
Fifthly To an improved construction, combination and arrangement of treadle
tappets, and treadle lever or levers, which mechanism as heretofore constructed,
consisted of tappets of unequal size acting on tappet bowls 24 of equal diameter
attached to the several treadle levers 25-26 by which the latter received an unequal
bead.
The improvements connected with the treadle motion are designed to secure an
uniform and even shed irrespective of the particular tappets or tappet levers that may
for the time be in use for forming the shed, and to ensure direct vertical action or
pull of the springs upon the healds through the use of an improved combination of
lovers.
1 mount the several treadle levers 25 and 26 on different fulcrums 27 and 28 and
employ tappets 23 all of equal throw, whilst the tappet bowls 24 are also of equal
diameters, thus giving the even shed desired.
Sixthly: The loose reed device comprises a rod 31 extending longitudinally under
the slay beam 32 on which rod are fastened a number of levers or bosses 33 having
upper and lower fingers 34 and 35, the fingers 35 extend to the back of the reed
casing 36 for holding the reed for the beat up, the fingers 34 are by the movement of
the "going part" brought in contact with a fixed cross bar 38 extending under the
beam on which the fingers 34 bear during the beating up, but should the shuttle be
caught in the shed its contact with the reed will press the latter outwards, and the
fingers and rod 33 referred to will make a partial turn whereby the extremities of the
lower fingers 34 are raised and cansed to pass above or over the fixed cross rail 38 or
locking bar, and the reed is loose.
For some class of looms I apply the device to the slay swords employing a bell
crank notch lever 39 working on a fulcrum 40 fixed in the slay 1 in conjunction with
a horizontal catch lever 41 working on a stud 42 as a fulcrum, the ends of this lever 41
are connected with fingers 43 extending from the back of the reed. In front of the
horizontal lever 41 is a vertical locking bar 44 through which are adjusting screws 44°
the ends 44 being set so that the notch 45 in the bell crank lever 39 will just reach
the catch 46 on the horizontal lever 41 and the outer end 47 of the latter will rest upon
the locking bar 44, this being the situation of the parts for the beat up, should
however the shuttle be caught in the race its pressure on the reed will move the latter
radially on its cap and the extending fingers 43 and connecting rod 48 will raise one
end of the horizontal lever 41 thereby removing its catch 47 and will remove its
end 46 clear of the notch 45 in the bell crank lever so that the parts do not engage
and the reed is loose. The rod 49 is attached to a spring 50 fixed to the slay
beam 32 for returning the horizontal lever 41 to its normal position.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. The slay swords spring and rail or fixing point for spring all in combination and
for purpose
described.
2. The hanging blades, constructed, arranged and operated in manner herein fully
described and substantially as illustrated by annexed drawings.
3. The swell having an arm 15 combined with and acting on the strap 16 as and
for purpose described and as illustrated by fig. 7 of annexed drawings.
4. The catches 20-21 and spring 24 combined with the train of gear illustrated by
fig. 8 for purpose herein fully described.

page_text: 5. The treadle levers 25-26 baving seperate and different fulcrums and the
tappets 23-23 combined as described and illustrated by fig. 10 of annexed
drawings.
6. The boss 33 having upper and lower fingers, reed casing 36 and cross bar 38
all in combination and for purpose herein described and as illustrated by annexed
drawings.
CHRISTOPHER CATLOW.
By his Agent, Walter Brierley,
Town Hall Buildings, Halifax.