Improvements in Wearing Studs or Plugs for Boots and Shoes.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Mar., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 9th Oct., 1894-Accepted, 17th Nov.. 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Wearing Studs or Plugs for Boots and Shoes.
I, GEORGE BENJAMIN PARKES, of Gorsty Hill, Halesowen, in the County of
Worcester, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to flush wearing studs or plugs for boots and shoes, and
has for its object primarily, a penetrating and self-clenching article.
Heretofore such wearing studs which come flush with the surface of the sole or
heel of a boot or shoe have been so made that before the same can be inserted
into the leather, corresponding holes have to be made therein to receive them.
Further, such wearing studs or plugs are liable to come out of the said holes on
the shrinking and wearing of the leather in which they are inserted in consequence
of the serrations on their inner faces only taking very indifferently into the said
leather.
By my invention, no cutting away of the leather is needed, as the stud or plug
is driven bodily home until the face of the head comes flush with the tread or
surface to be protected.
The driving home fastens the article in place, and only compresses and displaces
the leather, which is subsequently worn away on the head of the stud wearing
through.
Thus, in carrying out one form of my invention, I make a wearing stud in the
form of a hollow crown wheel with its teeth coming undermost whilst the crown
part (which forms the head of the stud) is made solid.
The teeth or serrations are preferably made fang-like whilst their inner sides
are formed alike unto taper wedges, which taper inside parts continue upwards
into the inside of the crown, which is much smaller in diameter than the mouth or
entrance to it. The sides or edges of the fang serrations are also taper whilst the
sides of the stud may be made parallel or slightly taper.
To fix the studs into the tread of a boot or shoe, simply drive the same home
with an ordinary hammer, when the prongs turn outwardly and the leather
displaced by the metal of the walls of the stud is forced into the hollow interior
of it.
Such articles cannot come out in consequence of the clenching and when the
head of the stud is worn away, the compressed leather in the hollow interior is
worn down with the walls of the studs.
I wish it to be understood that the studs may be made in any shape, such as
round, square, octagonal or triangular.
Dated this 8th day of March 1894.

page_text: Improvements in Wearing Studs or Plugs for Boots and Shoes.
I, GEORGE BENJAMIN PARKES of Gorsty Hill, Halesowen, in the County of
Worcester, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to flush wearing studs or plugs for boots and shoes, and
has for its object-primarily, a penetrating and self-clenching article.
Heretofore such wearing studs, which come flush with the surface of the sole or
heel of a boot or shoe, have been so made that before the same can be inserted
into the leather, corresponding holes have to he made therein to receive them.
Further, such wearing studs or plugs are liable to come out of the said holes on
the shrinking and wearing of the leather in which they are inserted, in consequence
of the serrations or fangs on their inner faces only taking very indifferently into
the said leather.
By my invention, no cutting away of the leather is needed, as the stud or plug
is driven bodily home into the sole until the face of the head comes flush with the
tread or surface to be armed with wearing studs.
The driving home fastens the article in place, and only compresses and displaces
the leather, which is subsequently worn away on the head of the stud wearing
through.
Thus, in carrying out one form of my invention, I make a wearing stud in the
form of a hollow crown wheel, with its teeth coming undermost, whilst the crown
part (which forms the head of the stud) is made solid.
The teeth or serrations are preferably made fang-like, whilst their inner sides
are formed alike unto taper wedges, which taper inside parts continue upwards
into the inside of the crown, which is much smaller in diameter than the mouth or
entrance to it. The sides or edges of the fang serrations are also taper, whilst the
sides of the stud may be made parallel or slightly taper.
To fix the studs into the tread of a boot or shoe, simply drive the same home
with an ordinary hammer, when the prongs turn outwardly and the leather
displaced by the metal of the walls of the stud is forced into the hollow interior
of it.
Such articles cannot come out in consequence of the clenching and when the
head of the stud is worn away, the compressed leather in the hollow interior is
worn down with the walls of the studs.
I wish it to be understood that the studs may be made in any shape such as
round, square, octagonal or triangular.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawing represents, upon an enlarged scale, a side
elevation of a flush wearing stud or plug made according to my invention.
Figure 2 is a topside plan of the same.
Figure 3 is a vertical section of the stud upon the dotted lines x-x Figure 1,
whilst Figure 4 is an underside plan.
Figure 5 represents a vertical section of a stud inserted into the top lift of the
sole of a boot or shoe showing the holding fangs imbedded in the leather, and the
ends of the clenching fangs (shown in dotted lines) turned over. Figure 6 is a
topside plan of Figure 5, whilst Figure 7 is an underside plan, showing the fangs
turned outwardly or clenched.
Figure 8 represents an underside plan and also an edge view of a sole, provided
with a number of my flush wearing defences or protectors, according to this
invention whilst Figure 9 is the inside face of a sole so provided, and showing the
clenched fangs.
Figure 10 represents, upon enlarged scales, topside plans of various shaped flush
studs.

page_text: The same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in Figures 1 to 10 of
the drawing.
a is the body part of the stud, a' the hollow interior thereof, a' the inside crown,
a³ the mouth, at the flush tread, as the clenching prongs or fangs, and as the holding
fangs.
By making the fangs of the studs alternately long and short, the leather
encompassed by the said fangs is not severed from the body of a sole.
Figure 11 represents, upon an enlarged scale, an elevation, and Figure 12 a
vertical section, and Figure 13 a plan, of a modified form of hollow flush stud
constructed according to my invention. In this form the holding of the stud to
the leather is not dependent entirely upon the holding fangs, as the outside walls
are serrated or ratchet toothed with the teeth arranged annularly or otherwise, and
raking towards the mouth of the hollow part.
a is the body part, having the outside walls ratchet toothed at a. The fangs
and hollow interior parts are the same as in the first described form.
Figure 14 represents upon an enlarged scale a vertical section and topside plan,
of a further form of my invention, according to which the crown of the stud is.
made open instead of closed. This stud is particularly applicable for very light
wear.
Figure 15 represents a vertical section of the said hollow and open crowned
stud driven home into the top lift or sole of a boot, showing how the leather
encompassed by the inside walls comes up flush with the wearing surface or tread.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
First. A hollow and solid-crowned flush wearing stud or plug for boots and shoes,
substantially as described and set forth in Figures 1 to 10.
Secondly. A hollow and solid-crowned flush wearing stud or plug for boots and
shoes, having alternate long and short fangs, or clenching and holding fangs,
substantially as described and set forth in Figures 1 to 10.
Thirdly. The combination with a hollow flush stud, of ratchet-toothed or serrated
outer walls, substantially as described and set forth in Figures 11 to 15.
Fourthly. A hollow and open-crowned flush wearing stud or plug for boots and
shoes, substantially as described and set forth.
Dated this 5th day of October 1894
GEORGE BENJAMIN PARKES,
By Henry Skerrett,
6, Livery Street, Birmingham, Agent for Applicant.