Improvements in Steam Generators.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of App ication, 23rd May, 18'4
Complete Specification Left, 20th Feb., 18.5-Accepted, 20th Apr..
1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Steam Generators.
1, JAMES YATE JOHNSON of 47 Lincoln's Inn Fields in the County of
London, Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this invention which has
been communicated to me from abroad by Paul Dubian of 10 Rue de Paradis
Marseilles in the French Republic Engineer to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object to provide means to enable a very quick and
powerful circulation to be obtained in steam generators.
The means according to this invention provide for the carrying into effect of the
following natural law.
When a mixture of gas or steam and water or other liquid (I will refer to it as
water) passes through a narrow tube the gas or steam does not combine with the
water, and the bubbles or globules of steam or gas cannot therefore escape through
the top of the tube, without carrying away with them the layers of liquid which
separate them from each other or with which they intermingle.
In the water-tube boilers hitherto employed the series or "bundle" of tubes
have generally been considered as forming the main part of the heating surface,
and the heating action to which the remaining portions of the boiler were subjected
was not so intense; or in other words, the tubes were directly acted upon by
the gases rising from the furnace, whereas the water tanks were only heated by
return gases.
This invention consists in modifying this action of the gases by arranging the
tubes in such a manner that the lower ends thereof descend to a horizontal plane
within the lower piece or section of the boiler, while their upper ends rise above
the water level in the upper boiler-section..
Take for example a boiler provided with heaters the tubes which connect the
heaters descend to a horizontal plane in the lower heater and rise to a horizontal
plane in the upper heater. The furnace gases pass around the portions of the
tubes between the heaters. The steam generated in the lower heater collects in the
upper part of the said lower heater and through the tubes, displaces the water until
the water level coincides with the horizontal plane in which the ends of the tubes
are situated. When this point is reached a mixture of water and steam passe
through the tubes; and as the tubes are narrow the water is constantly forced up
from the aforesaid horizontal plane in the lower heater to the aforesaid horizontal
plane in the upper heater in the condition of a number of piston shaped layers.
whereby a very powerful circulation is set up in the boiler. The water then
readily re-descends from the upper heater to the lower heater through wide return
tubes. To assist the start of the water from the aforesaid horizontal plane in the
lower heater the lower ends of the tubes, may be cut at an angle, or be whistle
shaped.
When the invention is applied to an internal furnace boiler the tubes terminate
at top above the water level in the main water space of the boiler and below in a
horizontal plane within a dome placed over the furnace.
The water level in this dome quickly rises to the said horizontal plane therein
and then there passes through the tubes a number of steam-bubbles and of piston-
shaped layers of water in alternate succession. The gases acting upon the parts

page_text: of the tubes exposed in the upper flue assist the production of steam, so that the
tubes discharge the maximum quantity, of steam at the top without however
altering the manner in which the water and steam rise from the aforesaid lower
horizontal plane. The water, in this case in returning to the lower part of the
boiler passes along the sides of the dome.
The improved arrangement may also be applied to locomotive engines.
Presume that the locomotive engine boiler is provided with two series of tubes,
the tubes of one series being arranged to be acted upon by the furnace-gases and
consequently to act as a heating surface; whereas the other set of tubes are removed
from the action of the gases and merely serve the purpose of imparting increased
energy to the circulation of the water, in the manner stated. The gases rising
from the furnace as they pass (after first reversing their course) in contact with
the parts of the tubes extending from a lower horizontal plane to another horizontal
plane above as aforesaid bring about a powerful and quick circulation of the water
between the two planes, two screens or diaphragms preventing the steam generated
above the lower plane from passing through the tubes.
Above the roof of the furnace there are arranged another bundle or series of
tubes connecting the lower piece or section of the boiler to the upper section
thereof. The steam generated above the furnace-roof quickly makes the water-
line in that part coincide with the horizontal plane to which descend the lower
ends of the last named tubes and then the said tubes are traversed by globules of
steam and layers of water in alternate succession whereby an active circulation of
water is ensured between the horizontal levels as aforesaid. Thus both the said
sets of tubes co-operate in causing the water to rise in the boiler with increased
rapidity, the first tubes moreover serving to form the heating surface while return
tubes of greater width enable the water to re-descend to the lower portion of the
boiler.
As another instance of the applicability of the invention may be mentioned its
application to a type of boiler used in torpedo boats. The set of tubes (which in
this case may be curved to suit the casing) descend to the horizontal plane in the
lower portion or member or portions or members of the boiler.
A dome or cup
shaped screen serve to gather the steam, that is generated, around the lower ends
of the tubes, and as the water level coincides with the lower horizontal plane the
steam which continues to collect above the said plane rises through the tubes,
forcing up, in front of it the water divided into piston shaped layers.
The tops of the tubes rise above the upper water line. The furnace is arranged
in such a manner that the lower member or section of the boiler receives the action.
of the furnace gases direct, whereby the production of steam on the lower horizontal
level is assisted and accordingly the water is circulated through the series of tubes
with increased activity.
According to a slightly modified form the boiler has a series of tubes extending
in straight instead of curved lines upwards from the lower horizontal bottom plane
to the upper horizontal plane as aforesaid and the lower heater or heaters is or are
also subjected to the direct action of the gases rising from the furnace thereby
causing a liberal supply of steam to collect above the lower horizontal plane and
a quick upward flow of water to take place in the tubes.
No further examples need be given to illustrate the improved arrangement of
tubes as it will be readily understood that the same may be applied to a variety of
steam boilers and constructed and operated in many different ways without
departing from the principle of the invention.
Dated this 23rd day of May 1894.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, Agents.

page_text: Improvements in Steam Generators.
I JAMES YATE JOHNSON of 47 Lincoln's Inn Fields in the County of
London Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this invention (which has
been communicated to me from abroad by Paul Dubiau of 10 Rue de Paradis.
Marseilles in the French Republic Engineer) and in what manuer the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention has for its object to provide means to enable à very quick and
powerful circulation to be obtained in steam generators.
The means according to this invention provide for the carrying into effect of
the following natural law :-
When a mixture of gas or steam and water or other liquid (I will refer to it as
water) passes through a narrow tube, the gas or steam does not combine with the
water, and the bubbles or globules of steam or gas cannot, therefore, escape
through the top of the tube without carrying away with them the layers of liquid
which separate them from each other or with which they intermingle.
In the water tube boilers hitherto employed the series or "bundle" of tubes
have generally been considered as forming the main part of the heating surface,
and the heating action to which the remaining portions of the boiler were subjected
was not so intense; or in other words, the tubes were directly acted upon by
the gases rising from the furnace, whereas the water tanks were only heated by
return gases.
This invention consists in modifying this action of the gases by arranging the
tubes in such a manner that the lower ends thereof descend to a horizontal plane
within the lower piece or section of the boiler, while their upper ends rise above
the water level in the upper boiler section.
I will now describe this invention by reference to the accompanying drawings
in which
Figures 1 and 2 illustrate in vertical sections taken at right angles to each
other this invention applied to a boiler constructed with heaters.
Figures 3 and 4 represent in vertical sections at right angles to each other a
form of the improved arrangement, adapted to be carried out in a boiler with an
internal furnace.
Figure 5 shows in a vertical longitudinal section and Figure 6 in two half
vertical cross sections on the lines and y = Figure 5 the form which the
arrangement assumes in the case of a locomotive engine boiler; and
Figures 7, 8, 9 and 10 show in two longitudinal vertical sections and half
transverse vertical sections respectively the improvements applied to multitubular
boilers of the "Du Templé" type.
In the case of a boiler provided with heaters, the tubes 1 (Figures 1 and 2)
which connect the heaters 2 and 3 descend to a horizontal plane 4 in the lower
The furnace gases
heater 2 and rise to a horizontal plane 5 in the upper heater 3.
pass around the portions of the tubes between the heaters following the direction
indicated by the arrows 6, 7, 8 and 9. The steam generated in the lower heater 2
collects in the upper part of the said lower heater and, through the tubes 1,
displaces the water until the water level coincides with the horizontal plane 4.
When this point is reached, a mixture of water and steam passes through the
tubes 1 and, as the tubes are narrow, the water is constantly forced up, from the
aforesaid horizontal plane 4 in the lower heater to the aforesaid horizontal plane 5
in the upper heater in the condition of a number of pistou shaped layers, whereby
a very powerful circulation is set up in the boiler. This upward course is indicated

page_text: ->
by the arrows 10. The water then readily re-descends from the upper heater 3
to the lower heater 2, through wide return tubes 11. To assist the start of the
water from the aforesaid horizontal plane 4 in the lower heater the lower ends
of the tubes, may be cut at an angle, or be whistle shaped as shown in the
drawings.
Figures 3 and 4 shew the invention applied to an internal furnace boiler the
course taken by the furnace gases being indicated by the arrows 12, 13 and 14.
The tubes 1 terminate at top above the water level in the main water space
of the boiler and below, in a horizontal plane 4 within a dome 15 placed over
the furnace 16.
The water level in this dome quickly rises to the said horizontal plane 4 therein
and then there passes through the tubes 1 a number of steam bubbles and of piston
shaped layers of water in alternate succession. The gases acting upon the parts
of the tubes exposed in the upper flue between the points 13 and 14, assist the
production of steam, so that the tubes discharge the maximum quantity of steam
at the top, on the horizontal plane 5, without, however, altering the manner in
which the water and steam rise from the aforesaid lower horizontal plane 4. The
water in this case, in returning to the lower part of the boiler, passes along the
sides of the dome 15, as indicated by the arrows 11.
In Figures 5 and 6 the improved arrangement of tubes is shown, as applied to
locomotive engines in two different ways.
The locomotive engine boiler represented in the drawings is provided with two
series of tubes 1 and 1 the tubes 1 of one series being arranged to be acted upon
by the furnace gases and consequently to act as a heating surface; whereas the
other set of tubes 1 are removed from the action of the gases and merely serve
the purpose of imparting increased energy to the circulation of the water, in the
manner stated. The gases rising from the furnace 16 take the direction indicated
by the arrows 17, 18, 19 and 20; and as they pass from 18 to 19, (after first
reversing their course) they come in contact with the parts of the tubes 1,
extending from a lower horizontal plane 4 to another horizontal plane 5 above as
aforesaid bringing about a powerful and quick circulation of the water between
the two planes, two screeus or diaphragms 15 and 15b preventing the steam
generated above the lower plane 4 from passing through the tubes 1.
Above the roof of the furnace there are arranged another bundle or series of
tubes 1 connecting the lower piece or section of the boiler to the upper section
thereof. The steam generated above the furnace roof quickly makes the water-
line in that part coincide with the horizontal plane 4" to which descend the lower
ends of the tubes 1b; and then the said tubes 1b are traversed by globules of steam
and layers of water in alternate succession, whereby an active circulation of water
is ensured between the horizontal levels 4 and 5³. Thus both the said sets of
tubes, 1 and 1b, co-operate in causing the water to rise in the boiler with increased
rapidity, the first tubes 1, moreover, serving to form the heating surface, while
return tubes 11 of greater width enable the water to re-descend to the lower
portion of the boiler.
Figures 7 and 8 illustrate the application of this invention to a type of boiler
used in torpedo boats. The set of tubes 1, which in this case may be curved to suit
the casing, descend to the horizontal plane 4 in the lower portion or member or
portions or members 2 of the boiler. A dome or bell shaped screen 15 serves to
gather the steam that is generated, around the lower ends of the tubes; the water
level coincides with the lower horizontal plane 4, and the steam, which continues to
collect above the said plane 4, rises through the tubes, forcing up in front of it the
water divided into piston shaped layers.
The tops of the tubes rise above the upper water line 5. The furnace 16 is
arranged as shown in the drawings in such a manner that the lower member or
section 2 of the boiler receives the action of the furnace gases direct, whereby the
production of steam on the lower horizontal level 4 is assisted and, accordingly,
the water is circulated through the series of tubes with increased activity.

page_text: Figures 9 and 10 show the arrangement according to a slightly modified form.
The boiler has a series of tubes 1 extending in straight instead of curved lines
upwards from the lower horizontal bottom plane 4 to the upper horizontal plane 5
as aforesaid and the lower heater or heaters 2 is or are also subjected to the direct
action of the gases rising from the furnace 16, thereby causing a liberal supply of
steam to collect above the lower horizontal plane 4, and a quick upward flow of
water to take place in the tubes.
No further examples need be given to illustrate the improved arrangement
of tubes, as it will be readily understood that the same may be applied to a variety
of steam boilers, and constructed and operated in many different ways without
departing from the principle of the invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. In steam generators the arrangement of an intervening series of narrow tubes
acting as a heating surface, the upper ends of which tubes are situated in the
plane of the normal water level of the boiler, while their lower ends descend to a
horizontal plane situated in the lower part of the boiler where a considerable
portion of the steam generated can be collected, for the purpose of causing the water
to circulate with increased energy and speed, substantially as set forth.
2. In steam generators in which a set of narrow tubes connects two boiler sections
or water reservoirs, extending the ends of the said tubes so that they enter both
the said sections or reservoirs, respectively, the lower ends of the tubes of the
series reaching down to a horizontal plane in the lower boiler section, and the upper
ends of the said tubes terminating at or near the water level in the upper boiler
section substantially as described.
"
3. In steam generators in which a series of narrow water tubes are arranged to
descend to a horizontal plane within a lower heater, the provision of ame adapted
to collect the steam generated in the said heater around the lower part of the
said series of tubes, substantially as set forth.
4. In steam generators wherein a series of narrow water tubes are extended
upwardly and downwardly as herein before described, arranging the furnace in such
a manner as to secure the rapid production of steam in the lower section or member
of the boiler substantially as hereinbefore set forth.
5. In the construction of water tube steam generators, the combination of one or
more lower water reservoirs heated directly by the furnace; of a series of narrow
tubes, the lower ends of which terminate in a horizontal plane within the said
lower reservoir or reservoirs their upper ends terminating at or near the water
line or level; of a dome or screen adapted to gather the steam about the lower
part of the lower portion of the boiler; and of wide return water-tubes, all
substantially as described.
6. The several arrangements of steam generators substantially as hereinbefore
described and illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, Figures 3 and 4, Figures 5 and 6,
Figures 7 and 8, and Figures 9 and 10 of the accompanying drawings.
ليوم
W 1905
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.