matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BUCKLES, RINGS, AND OTHER LIKE METALLIC ARTICLES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Bullows at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th April 1870.
ALFRED BULLOWs, of Walsall, in the County of Stafford.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF BUCKLES, RINGS, AND OTHER LIKE METALLIC ARTICLES."
My Invention has for its object the production of buckles, rings, and other like
metallic articles by a more economical and expeditious method than heretofore.
According to the ordinary system the body of the buckle or that portion of the
buckle which forms the loop or eye is usually or frequently composed of malleable
iron, cast or forged to the required shape.
Now my Invention consists in forming the body or loop of iron wire bent to the
requisite shape with the ends brazed, welded, or otherwise connected together.
The buckles are fitted with points or tongues in any usual or convenient manner,.
and they may be japanned and covered with leather or other suitable material.
When the Invention is applied to the production of rings and other like metallic
articles they are formed of pieces of iron wire bent to shape and connected at their
ends in a similar manner to the buckles.
A NEW OR IMPROVED COMBINED SPOON AND FORK
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jethro Foot at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 31st May 1876.
JETHRO FOOT, of Kennington, in the County of Surrey. "A NEW OR IMPROVED
COMBINED SPOON AND FORK."
This Invention has for its object an improved combined fork and spoon, which
affords greater convenience than hitherto in eating pastry, vegetables (such as pens,)
and other articles of food. I proceed as follows:-I manufacture the handle of any
ordinary pattern, but in lieu of fashioning the top thereof entirely in the form of
either a spoon or a fork one portion thereof is shaped in the form of the half of an
ordinary spoon, and the other half in the form of a fork. The fork may have 2, 3,
or 4 prongs, as may be desired, and the half of the spoon may be made of any
suitable size and shape.
My improved combined spoon and fork is particularly adapted for table use in
place of the ordinary fork and spoon, and also for use at picnics and for travelling
purposes.
When desired a small knife may also be attached, or the outer edge
of the outside prong of the fork may be formed with an edge like the blade of a
knife.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR THE IMMEDIATE STOPPING OF RAILWAY TRAINS, AND FOR PREVENTING COLLISIONS ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Ahronsborg at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th May.
ISAAC AHRONSBERG, of 9, Palmerston Road, Southsea, in the Borough of Ports-
mouth, and County of Southampton. "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS
FOR THE IMMEDIATE STOPPING OF RAILWAY TRAINS, AND FOR PREVENTING
COLLISIONS ON RAILWAYS."
My new or improved brake consists of a stout iron bar brought to a taper end
and inade to close half round the wheels of railway carriages and locomotives,
one end to be thoroughly fixed to the carriages and locomotives on a joint or in
a movable position, or fixed over the side saddle of the carriage wheel, or otherwise,
to make it secure. This taper bar will be of such a shape as to close half round
the wheels and fitted to the shape of the wheels with a saddle or lug to receive
the wheel and a saddle or lug at bottom to fit the rails or metals in order to
prevent the said carriages or locomotive leaving the rails or metals or the brakes
leaving the wheels. These brakes are connected in pairs by a connecting rod, and
the said rod has an arm or arms with or without n weight, the said weight or arm
to have a hole to receive a splint or bolt with spring or springs to hold up the
brakes, or any other suitable machinery requisite to hold the brakes up, when the
said brakes are put into action the said splint, bolt, or machinery is pulled out by
a lever or other suitable means which causes the brakes to fall on the carriage
wheels, and on the metals or rails, thus causing the immediate stoppage of the train.
A chain, band, rope, or any other suitable means is fitted from carriage to carriage
in succession and brought up to the locomotive, where it is connected to a powerful
wheel or drum, or other suitable contrivance, which winds up the said chains, bands,
or ropes, and acts on all the splints, bolts, or machinery, which will cause all the
aforesaid brakes to fall on the wheels, rails, or metals, and cause inmediate action
on all the carriages and locomotive and by these means the train is brought to a
stand.
These brakes may be furnished with a string or wire made to communicate with
an electric bell or battery in the engine for the purpose of calling the immediate
attention of the engine driver in case of any of the brakes becoming disconnected,
or any other mishap arising.
<A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SECURING SAFETY TO SKATERS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Julius Edersheim at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st April 1876.
JULIUS EDERSHEIM, of South Kensington, in the County of Middlesex. "<A
NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SECURING SAFETY TO SKATERS."
My Invention relates especially to means or apparatus by the use of which
learners are aided in acquiring the art of skating without the assistance of another
person, but which is also applicable for the purpose of moving other persons over a
skating surface.
The apparatus, the subject of my Invention, consists of a platform adapted to
run on wheels or castors, and having attached to the said platform a frame or
handle, by preference similar to that used for the propulsion of perambulators.
The person using the apparatus takes hold of the said handle, and pushes the
platform before him, the wheels or castors allowing it to move in any direction at
the will of the skater, who by its use is supported and prevented from falling.
For skating on ice the apparatus is to be fitted with runners instead of wheels or
castors, and if desired the platform may be fitted with a seat and foot board, on
which a second person may be seated and be moved about over the skating surface
by the skater. By this means the apparatus may be rendered useful for the pro-
pulsion of other persons by proficient skaters, as well as being useful as an aid to
learners.
The platform may be loaded with greater or less weight, so as to give it stability
sufficient to enable the learner to recover himself by its means when in danger of
falling. Such weight may be reduced in amount as the learner gains proficiency.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES AND JARS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Margotti at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th March 1876.
JAMES MARGOTTI, of 5, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES AND JARS."
This Invention consists in so constructing and adapting stoppers to bottles and
jars as that the stopper always remains attached to the bottle or jar, and in the
case of bottles containing aerated and effervescing beverages, such as soda water,
beer, or ale, which require the corks or stoppers to be "wired" to prevent them from
being forced out, and which operation is not only tedious and costly, but the wiring
must necessarily be destroyed to discharge the contents of the bottle. I propose by
this Invention to obviate these objections by connecting the wire and stopper
together and to the bottle permanently in the following manner :-
The improved stopper I make by preference of porcelain or glass in the form of
a button, somewhat larger externally than the neck of the bottle; the underside of
the porcelain or glass is formed conical and has a piece of flat india-rubber affixed
thereto. I also connect loosely to the top of the porcelain or glass a piece of wire
bent somewhat in the shape of the letter U inverted. The ends of this piece of
wire are bent to form axes or pivots which take into holes formed in a piece of wire
peculiarly bent so as to form a compound lever which is attached around the neck
of the bottle by another piece of wire fastened underneath the shoulder or projection
on the neck of the bottle, which said shoulder forms the abutment of the aforesaid
compound bent lever.
The mode of operating with a stopper constructed as above described is as
follows: Upon the aforesaid bent lever being lifted up, the stopper may be turned
on one side and the bottle filled as desired, after which, by bringing the stopper over
the mouth of the bottle and forcing down the aforesaid bent lever, the india-rubber
part of the stopper will be forcibly pressed into and against the mouth and edge of
the bottle, and securely hold it in that position similarly to ordinary wiring as long
as desired, and a reverse movement of the aforesaid bent lever wire will enable the
contents or any portion thereof to be discharged without destroying the wiring or
stopper as heretofore.
AN IMPROVED ROTATORY ENGINE
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Samain at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th April 1876.
PIERRE SAMAIN, of No. 10, Rue de la Fidélité, Paris, in the Republic of France,
Civil Engineer. "AN IMPROVED ROTATORY ENGINE."
This Invention consists in the construction of an improved rotary engine which
may be used; firstly, as a motor worked by water, steam, or gas; secondly, as a
pump; and thirdly, as a counter.
The improved engine is constructed of a hollow cylinder, provided with two
or more partitions moving in grooves made in the thickness of the cylinder; in the
centre of the cylinder turns a hollow shaft carrying an excentric block, one of the
generatrices of which bears against the interior surface of the cylinder, and which
acts like a cam for moving the moveable partitions to and fro.
The steam (or other fluid) enters through the hollow shaft and fills the space
enclosed between the cylinder, the block, and one of the partitions, the block turns
until its rubbing generatrice passes the next moveable partition, and the steam the n
enters between the next moveable partition, the block and the surface of the
cylinder and so on. The steam escapes through a suitably placed opening. The
shaft may be fixed instead of being moveable, in which case the steam would turn
the cylinder.
The machine may be provided with a variable expansion gear, in which case the
hollow turning shaft passes into a ring formed in two parts, one fixed and the
other moveable, and between which an open space is left, which may be increased
and diminished as required by hand or by means of the governor causing the
moveable part of the ring to turn on the shaft; the size of the space thus deter-
mined corresponds with openings made in the hollow shaft in such a manner that
the introduction of the steam only takes place during the time that these openings
are passing the space between the two parts of the ring.
For a fixed expansion gear the ring is replaced by a bearing with a single
opening.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN RINK AND OTHER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Macquay at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th May 1876.
PETER MACQUAY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick. " CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN RINK AND OTHER SKATES."
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in the con-
struction of rink and other skates whereby the skater is enabled with facility to
perform the various evolutions required.
For this purpose I employ a bed or frame cast in malleable iron, brass, or other
metal, or wood may be used, the said bed or frame corresponding in form or out-
line to the boot or shoe, and to this boot or shoe it is securely affixed by means
of screws, rivets, or stitching may be employed. Cast with the bed or frame aro
four supports or shoulders for carrying the axis, upon which rotates the rollers or
wheels immediately between the said supports. The axis is moveable for the
purpose of changing the rolls or wheels so that a learner may use the broad wheels
or rollers and the expert an acute roller. To secure the axis in the support a stud
or screw exteriorally screwed is fed into the said support, which is interiorally
screwed. The cotter or pin hitherto used is here dispensed with. At the back or
heel is arranged a spring wheel, which acts as a break upon the wheels and
preventing falling backward.
In the interior of the boot or shoe is a receptacle for the heel to fall into, which
acts as a grip for the skater when motion is imparted:
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO FACILITATE THE Major, Royal Artillery. ENTRY OF PERSONS INTO TRAM CARS AND SIMILAR VEHICLES, PUBLIC GARDENS, EXHIBITIONS AND OTHER PLACES, AND THE REGISTRATION OF SUCH PERSONS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Chamberlayne Farrell at tho
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th May 1876.
HENRY CHAMBERLAYNE FARRELL, of Milford Haven, in the County of Pembroke,
" IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO FACILITATE THE
Major, Royal Artillery.
ENTRY OF PERSONS INTO TRAM CARS AND SIMILAR VEHICLES, PUBLIC GARDENS,
EXHIBITIONS AND OTHER PLACES, AND THE REGISTRATION OF SUCH PERSONS."
so constructed that
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus to facilitate the entry of
persons into train cars and similar vehicles, public gardens, exhibitions and other
places, and the registration of such persons, and consists of a twin turnstile com-
prising two pillars each with four arms to be fixed vertically on the platform of a
car or other vehicle, or in front of any entrance to any building or gardens.
The twin turnstile is placed opposite the car doorway, and
the passage of any person through any two of its arms causes each pillar supporting
the arms to move the end of a lever attached underneath to its end or butt. Each
of these levers thereupon depresses one end and raises the other of a third lever
which communicates with the paul of a ratchet wheel whose centre moves a hand
on a dial plate.
The elevating and depressing of the third lever is effected by means of the
sockets through which the pillars pass being fitted on their tops with quarto
inclined elevating cups which match similar cups fastened on to the pillars, so that
the slightest continued pressure on the stilo bars raises the pillars over the sides of
the socket cups, after which the pillars right themselves by means of their own
weight acting upon the inclined cup. By the adoption of this arrangement it
becomes quite impossible for the conductor of a car so to twist the stiles or set
them at such an angle as to allow of persons slipping through without registering.
The chief objects aimed at and claimed to be achieved by this twin or double
stile are-
1st. Economy of space and greatly increased convenience to the public as com-
pared with the action of a single stile with its necessarily long arms obtruding over
a considerable portion of the platform, a most important point when it
bered that the size of car platforms is necessarily very restricted.
reniem-
2nd. Immunity from delay in entering the car, as the slightest pressure on the
arms of the turnstile cause a free passage to be opened at once, the registering being
effected at the moment of passing through. This is a most important point, as the
slightest delay or hindrance to a passenger entering a car would in many instances
involve a crowding of other passengers in rear on the step or platform, and entail
great liability to serious accidents.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENING OR UNITING THE SOLES OF BOOTS AND SHOES, PIECES OF LEATHER, CLOTH, AND OTHER ANALOGOUS ARTICLES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick William Kalbfleisch at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th December 1876. (Partly
a communication from abroad by George Valentine Sheffield, of Brooklyn,
King's County, and State of New York.)
FREDERICK WILLIAM KALBFLEISCH, of New Cavendish Street, in the County
of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENING OR UNITING THE SOLES OF BOOTS
AND SHOES, PIECES OF LEATHER, CLOTH, AND OTHER ANALOGOUS ARTICLES." (Partly
a communication from abroad by George Valentine Sheffield, of Brooklyn, King's
County, and State of New York.)
This Invention consists of a new method of uniting leather and other like articles,
also fastening the soles of boots and shoes by looping an under thread through a
loop of a needle thread, and drawing the under thread loop up to the surface of the
pieces being united by the needle thread, thus quadrupling the lower thread in the
work, and binding the same by the upper thread, and connecting these quadrupled
threads from hole to hole, a thread on cach side of the work. The method is
mainly designed for uniting boot and shoe soles with waxed threads, which by so
doubling in the work and securing by the wax makes a fastening of superior
strength.
As an illustration of how the Invention may be carried into effect, I take two or
more pieces of leather which are to be sewn together; a needle for inserting the
upper and needle thread, the latter to be inserted in the ordinary way, and make
a loop on the under side of the work, in which an under thread is looped by a hook
or any approved device, which after drawing through the loop of under thread will
release said loop to be drawn up by the needle thread, or will, as is the case with
the hook, move back with the loop till it arrives at the surface of the work at the
hole, and then release it, and stand ready for entering the next hole made by the
needle. This loop of the upper thread draws back flush with the upper surface of
the work, and thus again doubles said loop of under thread, and draws it up tight,
locking it on the upper side.
The needle and hook should be operated upon by the mechanism of a sewing
machine of any suitable kind.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STATIONERY CASES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas William Harrison at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th November 1876.
THOMAS WILLIAM HARRISON, of The Hollies, Northwood, Hanley, in the County
of Stafford. IMPROVEMENTS IN STATIONERY CASES."
"
The object of the Invention is to combine the requisites for correspondence in an
oflice, library, or other place in a small compass.
For this purpose in addition to the various compartments for various sizes of
writing paper and of envelopes there is a receptacle for the press copying book for
the copying of letters or other documents, and this receptacle is also formed with
its top and bottom boards or plates of sufficient strength and tied together so as to
form with a screw and pressing plate a screw press for the copying of letters or
other documents as written. The screw of the press is compressed and operated by
a loose key, for which a receptacle is provided when not in use. There are also
drawers for holding stamps, wafers, or other articles, a place for a ruler, and
another draw or tray, the lid of which when open and folded back serves on one
side as a writing slope and the other for a slate or other memoranda, whilst the
tray is divided into compartments for account or other books, papers, or other
documents, ink holders, pen trays, and the like. The whole are enclosed and
secured by a segmental slide and a pair of doors when not in use so as to forin an
agreeable and ornamental article of furniture, and one locking or fastening secures
the whole.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRACES OR SUSPENDERS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Morgan-Brown at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd March 1876. A communication
from abroad by Edward Drucker, of 13, Rue Gaillon, Paris.
WILLIAM MORGAN-BROWN, of the Firm of Brandon and Morgan-Brown, Engineers
and Patent Agents, of 38, Southampton Building, London, and 13, Rue Gaillon,
Paris. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRACES OR SUSPENDERS."
These improvements have reference to the straps of braces or suspenders, the
object being to facilitate their attachment to the button, to maintain their attach-
ment more securely, as well as to facilitate their separation therefrom. For these
purposes from the upper extremity of the ordinary button hole I slit the strap
upwards towards the end where it is attached to the suspender to the extent of one
or several times the length of the button hole, and externally I provide it with a
slide or ring which can be slid up or down over that part of the strap where the
slit is made.
With this arrangement instead of the ordinary button hole I also merely make a
small eyelet hole towards the bottom of the strap, from which I lead up the central
slit, as above stated.
A NEW OR IMPROVED FIRE IGNITER
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Östlund at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd November 1876.
CARL ÖSTLUND, of Stockholm, Sweden. "A NEW OR IMPROVED FIRE IGNITER."
The object of this Invention is to facilitate the lighting of fires in stoves, fire-
places, hearths, steam boilers, and other apparatus and places.
The igniter made according to my Invention consists in a porous earthenware, by
preference cylindrical tube, which is soaked or impregnated with photogene gas oil,
or any other easily combustible oil. This tube is placed in the midst of the fuel,
and ignited. When the fire has thus been made the cylinder may be drawn out by
means of a small iron claw, and used again. These cylinders are made of a mass of
wet clay commingled with sawdust or other easily combustible material in a finely
divided state. The mass having been formed in the required shape is then dried
and burnt, whereby the combustible parts are burnt off, leaving a great many small
pores in the cylinder, which thus acquires the capability for absorbing fluids like a
sponge. The igniters thus far made are placed in tin boxes, into which, when
the igniters are to be used, the photogene or other oil is poured so as to com-
pletely saturate the igniters.
In order to distribute the oil evenly under the igniters I prefer to cover the
bottom of the box with a layer of cotton wool.
As these igniters burn with a very strong flame they may also be applied as
torches and similar lighting appliances, and with little danger as to fire accidents.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BUCKLES AND KEEPERS, AND IN THE MODE OF CONNECTING THEM TO LEATHER STRAPS AND OTHER ARTICLES, ALSO IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TRAVELLERS' BELTS, AND IN THE MODE OF UNITING THE ENDS OF LEATHER AND OTHER STRAPS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Sidney Crowley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th November 1876.
JOHN SIDNEY CROWLEY, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BUCKLES AND KEEPERS, AND IN THE
MODE OF CONNECTING THEM TO LEATHER STRAPS AND OTHER ARTICLES, ALSO IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF TRAVELLERS' BELTS, AND IN THE MODE OF UNITING THE
ENDS OF LEATHER AND OTHER STRAPS."
My improved buckle consists of a double loop with the cross bar in the centre,
this double loop is hinged to a plate, from which project pins which are driven into
the strap, thereby connecting the buckle to the strap. The end of the strap, after
being secured by the tongue of the buckle at one side of the double loop, is passed
under the other side of the loop, thereby dispensing with the usual keeper.
In buckles with a single loop, as now customary, the loop is hinged to a plate
from which project pins on one or both sides to connect the buckle to the strap or
straps. When a keeper is required the plate is provided with a slot to admit the
keeper, or the keeper is provided with pins by which it is secured to any part of the
strap.
My improvements in the construction of travellers' belts consist in connecting an
additional buckle to each belt, so that when the belts are secured around the rug or
other article an additional space may be left for securing umbrellas or other
articles.
My improvement in connecting the ends of leather and other straps consists in
casting pins on both sides of a plate, and in securing the ends of the straps to the
said pins.
Instead of the pins above referred to I also use rivets for connecting the plates of
the buckles or other plates and the keepers to the straps or other articles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WINDING OR PICKING UP GARDEN HOSE OR OTHER TUBES, OR ROPES, OR BANDS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Edward Peirce at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd June 1876.
ALFRED EDWARD PEIRCE, of 465, Oxford Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Agricultural and Horticultural Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
WINDING OR PICKING UP GARDEN HOSE OR OTHER TUBES, OR ROPES, OR BANDS."
My Invention is intended to apply more particularly to the reels or apparatus
used for winding or picking up india-rubber garden hose, but it is also applicable
to winding up other hose, or tubes, or ropes, or bands, and the chief object of my
improvements is to enable the winding to be accomplished by the simple travelling
of the apparatus upon its wheels or wheel.
My Invention consists in fitting on one or both ends of the spindle or axle of
the reel or drum a crank, which I connect by means of a rod to a corresponding
crank on the axle or spindle of one of the wheels or of one pair of wheels of the
apparatus. The apparatus may have either a pair of hind wheels and one front
wheel (which I prefer), or two pairs of wheels, or only a pair of wheels either front
or hind, or even only a single wheel, and the crank or cranks on the reel may be
in connection with either one or a pair of back or front wheels as thought best.
In any case as the apparatus travels along the ground the rotary motion of the
wheel or wheels is transmitted by the crank or cranks and connecting rod or rods
to the reel, so that the latter winds or picks up the hose, one end of which is
previously slipped into a hook or catch on the reel.
In some cases I mount the wheel or wheels from which the motion of the reel
is obtained loosely on their axle or spindle, and in this case the connecting rod or
rods are attached to crank pins on the wheels.
In order to prevent or diminish the drag on the hose as it is being wound or
picked up I attach to the frame of the apparatus in front of and slightly below the
reel a loose transverse roller, over which the hose passes on its way to the reel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEEL OR ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Bell Sanson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th April 1876.
ROBERT BELL SANSON, of 87, Globe Road, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer.
" IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEEL OR ROLLER SKATES."
My said Invention relates to improvements in wheel or roller skates, and consists
in novel and simple devices for permitting a person using the said skates to guide
or turn them in any desired direction upon the skating floor or surface.
In the Specification of former Letters Patent granted to me the 27th October
A.D. 1865, No. 2770, for "Improvements in Roller Skates, and in the Rollers to be
used therewith, and for other Purposes." I have described a skate which has a
pair of wheels or rollers fitted on the same axis, which turns on a central vertical
pin or swivel to give them the required freedom of action for turning, so that by
pressing with the foot in a horizontal direction either to the right or left the skater
could turn the skate upon the skating floor or surface, and perform any desired
evolutions thereon, a spring or springs being provided for keeping the wheels in
their normal or central position when relieved from lateral pressure. It will be
observed that with this device the turning or tilting of the skate is not effected by
any rocking or tilting of the footboard.
I have, however, found in practice that by having only one pair of wheels
mounted and swivelling in a vertical pin or axis the turning or guiding of the
skate could not be effected with the ease and convenience desirable by accomplished
skaters, I therefore, according to my present Invention, further develope the prin-
ciple of construction of the skate described in my said former Specification, by
using two pairs of wheels mounted on axles fitted in brackets, which have vertical
pins or pivots fitted to turn or swivel in bearing plates secured to the foot stock at
or near the toe and heel of the same. These swivelling brackets are connected to
each other by a spring or springs, consisting of a flat strip or strips of steel. The
said spring or springs must have such force or tension that the same, while per-
mitting the said swivelling brackets to turn freely in response to any pressure of
the skater's foot to either side, they will, when such pressure ceases, cause the
rollers to immediately return to their central or normal position. The said springs
are secured to the swivelling brackets by pins passing through slots in the ends of
[Price 2d.]

page_text: springs or by other suitable means. Stops are formed on the bearing plates of the
swivelling brackets, or otherwise properly arranged to prevent the turning of the
axles too far in either direction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC DRAW BENCHES FOR DRAWING STEEL AND OTHER TUBES."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Rickett at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st March 1876.
THOMAS RICKETT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick.
ss
'IMPROVEMENTS
IN HYDRAULIC DRAW BENCHES FOR DRAWING STEEL AND OTHER TUBES."
Hitherto in order to obtain a double action or reverse motion of hydraulic draw
benches it has been customary to employ a hydraulic cylinder and piston, or two
hydraulic cylinders and rams placed in a line opposite to each other.
In the first described arrangement, however, considerable difficulty was ex-
perienced from the excessive wear of the cup leathers used on the travelling piston,
in addition to which, in consequence of the tubes to be drawn being tixed to the
upper part of the cylinder, a considerable side strain was created, which necessitated
the use of a massive bed plate and slide to counteract it.
In the second described arrangement the draw bench was inconveniently long
and also required a very massive bed plate. Now according to one part of my
Invention I employ a hydraulic cylinder in which works a hollow ram or cylinder,
which latter works upon a fixed ram having a sinal water passage through the
same; this fixed ram is fixed at one end to a bracket or standard on the bed plate.
The travelling cross head is attached to the moveable ram or cylinder and works
upon guides formed or fixed on the bed plate. Thus by forcing the water into the
end of the cylinder or into the end of the fixed rain the cross head can be made to
traverse in either direction as desired.
According to another part of my Invention I arrange the cross head and dies or
draw plates so that a tube can be drawn on each side of the cylinder in order as
much as possible to equalize the strain and render it unnecessary to employ such
massive guides as heretofore to counteract it.
The placing the dies or draw plates one on either side of the cylinder is also
applicable to other forms of hydraulic draw benches. Or two hydraulic cylinders
may be arranged parallel to each other side by side or one above another with the
cross head and die or draw plate between the two cylinders.
According to another part of my Invention instead of forming the cross head in
one piece as heretofore I form it in two parts divided in the plane of the axis of
the cylinder, and fix it in the case of a single cylinder draw bench or in a draw
bench with two parallel cylinders between two collars formed on the moveable ram,
whilst in the case of a double cylinder draw bench in which the cylinders are placed

page_text: opposite each other or end to end such cross head is formed with a simi-cylindrical
recess in each half thereof to enclose or grasp collars formed on the adjacent ends of
the two rams, by which arrangement I am enabled when required to remove the
rams from the cylinders by simply removing the cross head and then forcing the
rams out of the cylinders, thereby obviating the necessity for shifting the position 5
of the cylinders for such purpose.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING OR BREAKING SUGAR
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjanin Joseph Barnard Mills at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th October 1876. A com-
munication from abroad by Victor Astier, of Rue de Sèze, Lyons, in the
Republic of France.
BENJAMIN JOSEPH BARNARD MILLS, of the Firm of Harris and Mills, of 23,
Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING OR BREAKING SUGAR." A com-
munication from abroad by Victor Astier, of Rue de Sèze, Lyons, in the Republic of
France.
The machinery or apparatus forming the subject of the present Invention has for
its object the division at one operation into small regular parallelopipeds the discs
or circles obtained by the transverse sawing of sugar loaves. It consists of two
horizontal cylinders or rollers placed one above another acting in the manner of
rolling apparatus, and provided on their circumference with two series of blades
arranged at right angles to each other, and forming rectangular spaces between
them of the form to which the sugar is desired to be cut. The blades of the one
series are circular and in planes perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder, and those
of the other series are rectilinear and placed parallel to the axis of the cylinder.
The lower roller or cylinder is fixed, but the upper one can be raised and lowered by
means of screws working in two side frames according to the thickness of the discs
or circles of sugar to be divided.
Motion is given to the lower roller or cylinder either by hand or by power, and
is transmitted to the upper roller or cylinder by a train of gearing, so arranged
that in the rotation of the rollers or cylinders in contrary directions to each other
the longitudinal and transverse blades thereon are placed exactly the one over the
other.
The sugar is supplied to the machine in the form of discs or circles formed by
Bawing the loaves transversely; these discs or circles having the thickness of one of
the large sides of the pieces to be produced are placed upon a fixed horizonal table
Prine 971

page_text: of convenient height, and pushed by hand or mechanically between the cylinders or
rollers, the blades of which penetrating into each face to a certain depth effect the
regular fracture into small parallelopideds. This arrangement has the advantage
of necessitating only a single action of the saw, and thereby considerably diminishing.
the hand work and expense of cutting.
AN IMPROVED RINK OR ROLLER SKATE
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Cheshire at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, on the 18th January 1876.
JOHN CHESHIRE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick. "AN IMPROVED
RINK OR ROLLER SKATE."
The Invention has for its object improvement in roller skates whereby the
skater is enabled to perform various revolutions therewith.
Firstly. My Invention consists in providing the skates as heretofore with two
pairs of wheels or rollers, one pair at the front and the other pair at the rear
thereof. The axles of these wheels or rollers are according to my Invention
constructed thus, from the centre of the said axle projecting upwards is a taper peg;
this works freely in a socket, the said socket being supported by two shoulders or
sides having a base plate for screwing upon the foot board directly above and com-
pressing each end of the axle is a semicircular spring, so that when pressure is
applied upon the side of the skate it will yield, and the required gyration is
obtained. The taper peg is held in its socket by the ordinary screw and washer,
with a screw.at its base for additional security.
Secondly. My Invention consists of a forked spring resting upon the axle with a
bearing jointed thereto and passing through the footboard; this is acted upon by the
foot when required for gyratory movements.
And, Thirdly. My Invention dispenses with the ordinary footboard and strappings,
and consists of the above mechanism being applied to the ordinary boots and shoes
by the means now specified passing through the two shoulders or sides, and resting
upon the base plate is a tube permanently affixed there, in the interior of which is
a screwed rod having at each end a grip or catch, these two grips or catches when
motion is imparted are moved laterally, that is to say, are made to recede from or
approach each other, thus gripping the sole of the boot or shoe securely held there
until a reverse motion is imparted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sam Villiars Wheatley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th January 1876.
SAM VILLIARS WHEATLEY, of Sheffield, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN ROLLER SKATES."
My Invention relating to improvements in roller skates has for its object
simplefying the construction of the skate, whilst providing equal facilities for the
performance of any required gyration or evolution by the skater, and this object is
attained in the following manner :- -To the under side of the foot stock of the skate,
at each end thereof, there is attached a metal plate carrying at its centre a pendent,
stud, or bearing, which is arranged at an angle to the stock pointing inwards, that is
to say, so that the axial lines of the two studs or bearings converge downwards.
These studs or bearings carry the axles of the rollers, which axles are maintained in
position on their studs or bearings by washers and screws, the rollers themselves
being secured on their axles by washers and split cottars. To each axle there is
attached at each side of the stud or bearing one arm of a bifurcated blade spring,
the opposite single extremity of which spring is secured to the foot stock in any
suitable position.
The shape of the springs, as also their position & mode of attachment, may
however be varied, providing that they are arranged in such a manner as while
admitting of the axle with the rollers following the angle formed by the shoulder or
washer of the stud or bearing, under the action or unequal pressure of the skater, to
at the same time restrain or limit the range of rotation of the axles, and also restore
them to their norinal position when such pressure is modified or removed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANU- FACTURE OF GAS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Grayson and Samuel Clarke
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th April 1876.
JAMES GRAYSON, of No. 39, Hunter Street, Brunswick Square, in the County of
Middlesex, and SAMUEL CLARKE, of 92, South Lambeth Road, in the County of
Surrey, Carpenter and Joiner. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANU-
FACTURE OF GAS."
Our Invention relates to stove or apparatus of simple construction, either round
or square, for the manufacture of gas and likewise for the manufacture of charcoal,
the gas for lighting, heating, or cooking or baking, or any other purposes to which
gas can be utilized.
Our improved apparatus is constructed as follows:-The stove or the furnace may
be constructed of brickwork or iron, or even of clay, with the retort made of iron.
This retort can be fixed to any existing close-made stove, or to any existing furnace,
and thus gas can be manufactured without the slightest danger or difficulty by any
manufacturer who uses steam power, or the stove may be made of iron and placed
in any chimney breast in the place of the grate, and thus this easy mode of making
gas is brought within the requirements of any householder.
The stove is round or square, but round is preferable, as the retort is quicker
heated, the retort is fitted to the size of the stove and may be of any dimension,
the retort is fitted with an independent case made of sheet iron, so is easily charged
and uncharged. The stove is made with outlet for the smoke at the back or the
side if circumstances require it. It is provided with furnace door and furnace grate
or bars as the case demands with ordinary door for the smoke draught. The stove
and the retort is made of iron and is provided with a mouthpiece with a perforated
lid and one or two iron traps to prevent the too quick generation of the gas. The
door to the retort may be hung or fixed, or closed with a screw clamp or lever with.
a lid inside the mouthpiece or other suitable manner or place, so as to effectually
prevent the escape of the gas.
Our purifier for this apparatus is in a circular form where practical, and is
provided with several partitions or chambers, through which the gas has to pass,
and being in circular form, a chamber or space is reserved in the centre of the
purifier into which the gas passes through perforated plates covered with any
chemical or other suitable substances for purification of gas.
This purifier is
provided with a water tank, and passes into a box containing cotton or wool or any
material that will absorb naptha or hydrocarbon liquid.
Din 971

page_text: Our apparatus is provided with all necessary air pipes, unions, and gasometre.
The aforesaid purifier may be made in any shape, square or otherwise, as the
case circumstance of the case requires, but in each case a series of chambers with a
communication into each and every part of the said purifier, which said chambers
and appertures are below the water line.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF TEMPERING OR ANNEALING SHEET IRON PLATES, AND APPARATUS FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATON left by Edward Sumner Morris, Ebenezer
Edgar Morgan, and David Richards at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents on the 24th June 1876.
EDWARD SUMNER MORRIS, of Penclawdd, in the County of Glamorgan, Tin
Plate Manufacturer, and EBENEZER EDGAR MORGAN, of Briton Ferry, in the said
County, Gentleman, and DAVID RICHARDS, of Briton Ferry, aforesaid, Rollerman.
"AN IMPROVED MODE OF TEMPERING OR ANNEALING SHEET IRON PLATES, AND
APPARATUS FOR THAT PURPOSE."
In the manufacture of sheet iron plates ("black plates" and tin plates) as usually
practiced the plates after having been pickled are annealed in order to give them
the requisite malleability or ductility.
Our Invention consists, firstly, in substituting steam for fire heat in the annealing
process. Secondly, in apparatus for effecting the steaming or annealing.
Our apparatus for steaming the said plates consists of a closed vessel, which is
supplied with steam, either superheated or otherwise, from a steam boiler, and is
furnished with an opening or openings for the introduction and withdrawal of
the plates, which opening or openings is or are closed by a door or doors or by a
shutter or shutters. We take the plates to be steamed and place them in the
closed vessel aforesaid, taking care so to arrange them that the steam may as
far as possible act upon every part of the surface of each plate, and we allow
the said plates to remain in the said vessel until they have acquired the requisite
malleability or ductility.
The plates may be pickled either before or after being annealed, but we prefer
to pickle them after annealing them, as by so doing we save sulphuric acid and iron.
The steamed plates may be finished either as "black plates" or as tin plates.
By our Invention we save labour, time, and money.
AN IMPROVED DRESS SUSPENDER OR LADIES' PAGE
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Whiffin Montague at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th August 1876.
WHIFFIN MONTAGUE, of Foster Lane, in the City of London, Trimmings Manu-
facturer. "AN IMPROVED DRESS SUSPENDER OR LADIES' PAGE."
"
This Invention relates to that class of the dress suspenders or "ladies' pages
which are used by ladies when walking for the purpose of holding up the back part
of the dress or train to prevent it dragging on the ground.
The ordinary form of dress suspender consists of a double spring, having at one
end a ring and at the other a ball, the dress being held between the ball and ring, a
sliding clip being used to keep the two arms of the spring together, the spring
clip being connected in any suitable manner to a girdle or belt. This form of dress
suspender has its inconveniences inasmuch as if the dress be heavy, or even by the
action of walking, the train will continually pull or slip out of the suspender and
fall on the ground.
"
The object of this. Invention is to provide a dress suspender or "ladies' page"
which when once fastened to the dress will not become unfastened, and which will
also allow of the train being lowered or raised at the option of the wearer without
the necessity of unfastening. In effecting this object I prefer to use a silk or other
girdle, which. is to be worn round the waist, and is provided with a slip knot, to
which is attached a short length of cord, which may terminate in an ornamental
tassel or any suitable device in metal or other material. This short cord carries a
metallic or other slide, to which is attached in any convenient manner a safety or
brooch pin, to be fastened into the dress in the required position.
The ends of the girdle are provided with tassels or any other ornamental device,
and upon pulling these ends or tassels an amount of leverage will be exerted which
will raise the back part or train of the dress to the desired height, when the girdle
may be knotted or fastened in any other suitable manner.
When the train is worn down the girdle will remain unfastened, and the tassels
and the metallic or other slide will hang down, and form a handsome ornament to
the dress.

page_text: The slide may take any desired form, and the girdle if desired may be replaced
by a belt, in which case the short length of cord will pass through a ring on the
belt, and may be provided with some suitable device to prevent it from slipping
through the ring, and by which it may be fastened to some other part of the belt to
retain the dress when raised in the desired position.