IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING APPLIANCES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Leather at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd July 1882.
JOSEPH LEATHER, of Liverpool, in the county of Lancaster, Merchant,
IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING APPLIANCES
The object of the invention is to provide simple durable and efficient appliances,
applicable to walls, windows, doors, and like parts of churches, dwelling houses,
assembly rooms, and other structures, which shall allow to any desired extent the
free passage of fresh air into the said structures without the production of
injurious or objectionable draughts or air currents; that is to say, the flow of the
entering air shall be directed upwards in such manner that it shall first rise
towards the ceiling or roof of the structure and then mingling with the surrounding
air gradually descend.
Under the first part of my invention ventilating appliances are constructed of
glass, metal, or other suitable material in the form of a rectangular or nearly
rectangular box or enclosure provided at the top and at the front near the bottom
with an air way or ways. The air way or ways is or are provided with a door or
doors or other suitable opening and closing device. The said door or doors are
operated by a knob, handle, or other suitable meaus. The appliance is secured in
any convenient aperture in a window wall, or other suitable portion of a structure
with the lower air way or ways facing outwards. Instead of the air way or ways
in the front being near the bottom only, it or they may occupy the whole of the
front and the necessary adjustment of the size of the said air way or ways be
obtained by means of a movable front or guard or by moving the appliance in
combination with a fixed front or guard.
Under the second part. The appliances above described are divided into two or
more compartiments by means of vertical partitions the air ways to and from each
compartment being capable of being separately opened and closed.
Outlet ways are provided for vitiated air and products of combustion.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Joseph Leather in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 22nd
January 1883.
JOSEPH LEATHER of Liverpool in the County of Lancaster, Merchant.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING APPLIANCES"
The object of the invention is to provide simple durable and efficient appliances,
applicable to walls, windows, doors, and like parts of churches dwelling houses,
assembly rooms, and other structures, which shall allow to any desired extent the
free passage of fresh air into the said structures without the production of
injurions or objectionable draughts or air currents. That is to say the flow of the
entering air shall be directed upwards in such manner that it shall first rise
towards the ceiling or roof of the structure and then mingling with the surrounding
air gradually descend.
Under the first part of my invention ventilating appliances are constructed of
glass, metal or other suitable material, in the form of a rectangular or nearly
rectangular box or enclosure provided at the top and at the front near the bottom
with an air way or ways. The air way or ways is or are provided with a door or
doors or other suitable opening and closing device. The said door or doors are
operated by a knob handle or other suitable means. The appliance is secured in
any convenient aperture in a window, wall. or other desirable portion of a structure
with the lower air way or ways facing outwards. Instead of the air way or ways
in the front being near the bottom only, it or they may occupy the whole of the
front and the necessary adjustment of the size of the said air way or ways be
obtained by means of a movable front or guard or by moving the appliance in
combination with a fixed front or guard.
Under the second part. The appliances above described are divided into two or
more compartments by means of vertical partitions, the air ways to and from each
compartment being capable of being separately opened and closed.
Outlet ways are provided for vitiated air and products of combustion.
Fig 1 is a vertical section of ventilating appliances illustrative of the first part
of my invention and shown applied to a window though equally applicable to any
aperture communicating with the external air. In all the views the same letters
denote like parts and the arrows show the direction of the air currents. a window
frame. b glass. c rectangular box or enclosure of such a size and so fitted against
the window frame as to cover the opening made by the removal of a pane of glass
from the said frame. The rectangular box c has an air way d at the bottom and
another one e at the top, a door f hinged to the box c is provided for opening and
closing the air way e so as to allow of the amount of air entering the apartment
or room being under control. More than one such door may be used and motion
may be given to the said door by means of cords, levers, racks or any like well
known and suitable devices. The door f in the above modification is shown with
glass quadrants fitted at each side so that when the said door is opened the shaft
of the box or enclosure is lengthened.

page_text: Fig 2 is a sectional view of a modification of apparatus applicable to a to a window
frame or other aperture, here the door f slides in grooves and opens and closes the
lower air way or passage d. The front of the box or enclosure is formed by the
glass b of the window the lower portion of the pane being cut away to form an air
passage into the box or enclosure, dividing piece for directing the air upwards.
Fig 3 is a modification of apparatus more especially suitable for churches chapels
halls and large rooms where the windows are not made to open. Here the front
and back of the rectangular box c are pivotted to the sides at the points g. h and
connected by links i so that they can be moved into the position shown by the
dotted lines and allow air to freely enter the building. The door f is pivoted in
the centre of the air way e so as to act as a division piece to assist in directing
the entering air upwards. By so dividing the box or enclosure into two vertical
shafts the direction of the ascending current is more easily controlled and the shaft
may be shorter. More than one dividing piece either fixed or on swivels may be
used and such pieces may be arranged vertically or slightly inclined. When the
box or enclosure is divided into two or more shafts as above set forth, one shaft is
often found to act as an uptake or inlet for fresh air and another as a down cast
or outlet for vitiated air.
Fig 4 is a section and fig 5 a plan of a modification of ventilating apparatus
under the second part of my invention divided into three upcasts each fitted with
doors fff. The apparatus is shown fitted to an outer wall i.
Fig 6 is a section of ventilating appliances for use in connection with an
ordinary dwelling house window. k sash, f door, I dividing piece for directing the
air upwards m quadrant for moving the door f. f¹ additional swivel door at
the top of the box or enclosure; with the last door named the inflow of air into
the apartment may be more effectually controlled.
The rectangular box or enclosure c is secured to the window frame by clips,
hooks, or in any convenient manner, and the inflow of air may be further regulated
by raising and lowering the sash k.
Fig 7 is a modification of ventilating appliances in which the lower portion of
the glass in a fixed or French window n is removed or cut away so as to leave
an air passage d into the box or enclosure c and thence into the apartment to be
ventilated.
Fig 8 is a sectional view of a further modification applicable to a sash window
here the passage of air through the ventilator is regulated by raising and lowering
the sash and by sliding the back of the box or enclosure c towards or from the
window.
Fig 9 is a sectional view of ventilating appliances suitable more especially for
use over a door way.
Figs 10 and 11 are sectional views of ventilating appliances where the lower
part of the air way d of the box or enclosure c is connected with a downcast and
cowl o.
These appliances may be advantageously used on board ship or where it
is desired to bring air from a higher to a lower level.
Fig 12 is a view of a modification of ventilating appliance in which the box or
enclosure c surrounds the lower part of the inlet way d.
It will be obvious that the ventilating appliances above described are applicable
to all kinds of structures whether stationary or movable as for instance houses
ships railway carriages or other vehicles.
Having now described the nature of the said invention and particularized the
same so that others will be enabled to carry my improvements into effect, I would
have it understood that I do not confine myself to the precise details shown. What
I do claim is :—
Under the first part. Ventilating appliances consisting of a rectangular or
equivalent box or enclosure provided with air ways and doors or their equivalents
þ arranged combined and operating substantially as herein set forth,

page_text: Second. Ventilating appliances constructed with vertical or nearly vertical
partitions and regulating apparatus all substantially as herein set forth and shown
on the accompanying drawings.
In Witness Whereof I the said Joseph Leather have hereunto set my hand
and seal this sixteenth day of January in the year of Our Lord one
thousand eight hundred and eighty three.
JAMES JOHNSON
Patent Office
4 Clayton Sqr
Liverpool
Witness.
JOSEPH LEATHER
(L.S.)