matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
CERTAIN IMPROVED MEANS OF RELIEVING THE SLIDE VALVES OF STEAM ENGINES OF UNNECESSARY FRICTION
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th February
1858. A communication.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVED MEANS OF RELIEVING
THE SLIDE VALVES OF STEAM ENGINES OF UNNECESSARY FRICTION," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the employment of a certain arrangement of
rollers, guide frame, and bearing plate, for neutralizing the pressure of steam
on the under side of slide valves of steam engines, and enabling them to
work steam-tight with but a very trifling degree of friction.
On the back of the slide valve is mounted a traversing frame, provided with
bearings for the journals of two or more antifriction rollers, which rest upon or
against the back of the valve, which should be parallel longitudinally with the
valve face. This frame is both shorter and narrower than the valve chest, and
its sides, which are parallel, stand up somewhat higher than the ends, in order
that they may receive between them a narrow flat plate, which rests upon the
rollers. The ends of this plate are fitted between guide pieces secured to the
ends of the valve chest, by which it is retained parallel with the sides of the
valve chest, while it is free to move perpendicularly to the valve seat.
Set

page_text: screws passing through the cover or back of the valve chest are caused to press
upon
this plate, and keep it in contact with the antifriction rollers, which in
their turn press upon the valve and confine the face of the latter to its seat.
It is obvious that the pressure of the live steam being entirely on the face
side of the valve, the tendency of this pressure is to raise it from its seat; but
this is counteracted by the pressure of the set screws, which are adjusted to
keep the inner face of the plate parallel with the valve seat, and at such
distance therefrom as to confine the rollers to the back of the valve, and the
face of the valve close to its seat, and yet to allow the valve to move freely on
its seat.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PERCUSSION CAPS
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Pursall at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st September
1858.
I, WILLIAM PURSALL, of Number 22, Whittall Street, Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Percussion Cap Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
PERCUSSION CAPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in protecting percussion caps
from the effects of damp or wet; and consists in the use of metals or metallic
alloys or other suitable substances in powder, instead of rolled metal, as
previously used for the like purpose. The caps having been charged with the
detonating composition, the metallic or other powder is dropped into the same
through perforated plates, similar to those which are used at present for the
purpose of charging. The metallic or other powder in each cap is then
subjected to such pressure or friction as equally to coat the surface of the
detonating composition therewith, thus rendering the coating impervious to
moisture, and effectually protecting the detonating composition from injury
resulting from exposure to damp and wet.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR POLISHING AND FINISHING YARNS OR THREADS
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Liddle and John Booth at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
14th October 1858.
We, HENRY LIDDLE, of Tonge, near Middleton, in the County of Lancaster,
Silk Manufacturer, and JOHN BooтH, of the same Place, Dyer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR POLISHING AND FINISHING YARNS OR THREADS,"
to be as follows:-
Our improvements are designed for polishing and finishing yarns in the
hank, and are so arranged as to admit of two hanks being polished simulta-
neously. The apparatus consists in a cylinder secured upon a shaft mounted
in the centre of a suitable framing, having its periphery clothed with fibre or
other elastic substance, and segments or tubes of india-rubber forming a series
of "beaters," which may also be composed of cloth and leather according to
the kind of yarn to be operated upon. Upon each side of this composite
cylinder the "hanks" of yarn are distended in a vertical position between two
pairs of rollers, which are provided with a suitable arrangement of screw and
bevil gearing for stretching or distending the yarn; the cylinder is driven by
means of a band and pulley upon its shaft, and motion is transmitted to the
yarn pulleys by a worm and worm wheel in connection with a train of spur
and bevil gearing, which is so arranged that either one side of the machine or
the other may be thrown out of gear by means of a lever and catch to remove
the finished yarn without stopping the machine. The cylinder is to be driven

page_text: at about 400 revolutions per minute, the high speed causing the cylinder to
act as a fan and to dry the yarn, so as to dispense with the necessity of drying
by steam, and the rapid action of the beaters upon the yarn effects the desired
object of polishing and finishing.
MAKING CARTRIDGES OF METAL OR GUTTA PERCHA, WITH OR WITHOUT BULLETS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Redford at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th September
1858.
I, GEORGE REDFORD, of Moseley, in the Parish of King's Norton, in the
County of Worcester, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"MAKING CARTRIDGES OF METAL OR GUTTA PERCHA, WITH OR WITHOUT BULLETS,
AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
Pieces of metal or gutta percha, as the case may be, of the proper size
(Fig. I.) are first struck in a die, Fig. II., so as to produce the requisite
shape of the bullet or blank cartridge, and to form part of the tubular portion,
which is afterwards elongated by being placed in a steel bed, and forced
through by a plunger, see Fig. VI. When it is required to produce cases
for containing various substances, Fig. V., a neck and opening are given by
changing the form of the die and punch accordingly. The metal employed is
lead, and lead alloyed with tin, or any kind of soft metal. The gutta percha
is treated in the same manner precisely.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LILLIPUTIAN FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Farncomb at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
September 1858.
I, EDWARD FARNCONB, of Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LILLIPUTIAN
FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
This Invention applies to lilliputian or toy fire-arms, which are con-
structed as follows:-The barrels are made of brass or other metal, and the
stocks of wood with German silver or other metal mountings; the barrels are
screwed to the stocks from below by a screw, which at the same time fastens
the head of the false trigger-guard, the screw going into the breech. The
trigger-guard covers the lower part of the notch to which the spring is
fastened, and which resembles an ordinary trigger. The spring is spiral and
lies in the butt or stock, in a cavity made to fit it; the spring is not fastened
behind, but the end of the wire which is fastened to the notch is drawn back
through the coil and through a smaller hole, thus preventing the coil from
coming out bodily.
The lock is formed by a roller passing entirely through the stock at the
breech, and having a tail piece passed through the centre and notched at the
end to receive the spring, the said notched end appearing outside in the form
of a trigger, and covered by the guard before mentioned.
To the roller on the right side the hammer is affixed; the real trigger is a
needle inserted in the stock behind the hammer; this needle or trigger acts

page_text: also as a retaining spring or catch, to set the hammer on full cock, by
drawing which needle or trigger back, the hammer is disengaged, and falls
down into the pan with the full force of the spiral spring.
The pan is intended to receive the percussion priming, and has a hole
communicating with the touch-hole for pricking. The gun is loaded with a
small quantity of powder and shot or ball, and is fired by the head of a vesta
match instead of the ordinary percussion cap; the toy may be made in the
form of a fowling-piece, carbine, pistol, or other fire-arm.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LADIES' PETTICOATS
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mary Moss at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the 27th April 1858.
I, MARY Moss, of Number 15, Marlborough Place, Old Kent Road, in
the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LADIES' PETTICOATS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction or formation of stiff petticoats
worn by ladies, and possesses certain advantages superior to those at present
manufactured. The skirt of the petticoat (which may be composed of any
suitable substance or fabric) is extended in the ordinary manner by means of
horizontal hoops or circles of cane, whalebone, or any other suitable material,
and placed concentrically at different heights. The peculiarity of the present
Invention consists in the arrangement of the two lowest hoops or circles, the
upper hoop or circle being smaller than the lower one, and placed at a con-
venient distance therefrom. The two last-mentioned hoops or circles are
connected together by transverse diagonal pieces or ribs of a material similar
to that of which the hoops or circles are composed, or of any suitable and
sufficiently rigid material, and in such manner that the two hoops or circles
are retained and kept at an equable distance from each other, and thus form-
ing a support for the lower part of the dress worn over the petticoat, the dress
being consequently always kept in the proper form, and without the liability

page_text: to derangement which is experienced when petticoats of the ordinary con-
struction or patterns are used. If desired, the length of the petticoat may be
adjusted at pleasure by means of loops or rings and buttons, or any analogous
contrivances affixed thereto.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF A SUBSTITUTE POR OIL. USED WITH PIGMENTS, AND IN THE PREPARATION OF PIGMENTS SUITABLE THERETO
Year: 1858

page_text: H
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Roberts and John Dale
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
8th April 1858.
We, THOMAS ROBERTS and JOHN DALE, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Manufacturing Chemists, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF A SUBSTITUTE POR OIL. USED
WITH PIGMENTS, AND IN THE PREPARATION OF PIGMENTS SUITABLE THERETO," to be
as follows:-
In producing the oil substitute applicable with pigments for painting, we
use products from gas or other tar, the substance known as "mineral oil" for
instance, and resin or other such substances as are analogous thereto; these
we combine together, and pigments may be mixed therewith according to the
color of paint required. In preparing pigments we grind them with a
portion of the above compound.
AN IMPROVED CARTRIDGE OPENER AND RAMROD FASTENER
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left, by Joseph Lemuel Chester at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
September 1858.-Partly a communication.
I, JOSEPH LEMUEL CHESTER, of the City of Philadelphia, in the State of
Pennsylvania, in the United States of America, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CARTRIDGE OPENER AND RAMROD
FASTENER," a part of which is a communication from a foreigner residing
abroad, and the remainder of which I am the true and first Inventor, to
be as follows:-
In constructing a flat spring with an edge bent nearly at right angles with
its flat face serrated or toothed & attaching one end of it to some convenient
place on the stock or barrel near the muzzle of the gun or pistol, while the
other end is only controlled by a pin formed on it at right angles to the flat
face which here is made broader & suitable as a thumb piece. This pin, whose
purpose is to keep the spring steady and in place, plays into a slot or socket
in the gun.
When the cartridge is to be opened its proper end is inserted between the
barrel and the toothed edge, which by the pressure of the thumb on the spring
closes upon and holds it fast while the paper is being torn away to expose the
powder. The end of the steady pin may be extended so that a section of a
ring or cylinder shall be attached thereto, and so adjusted that when no pressure
is applied to the spring the ring shall partially encompass the ramrod, and by
opposing itself to a shoulder formed on the rod, or by some other similar

page_text: device, shall prevent its coming out until such pressure is applied, when the
action thereof retires it from the rod, leaving it at liberty.
The cartridge opening and the freedom of the ramrod is therefore effected
by the same operation. If found inconvenient to use these together the rod
fastening device may be dispensed with.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS POR GRINDING AND SPLITTING GRAIN
Year: 1858

page_text: vy the Zict.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Longley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd February
1858.
I, WILLIAM LONGLEY, of Erith, in the County of Kent, Miller, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS POR
GRINDING AND SPLITTING GRAIN," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in apparatus for grinding and splitting grain
relates to the peculiar form and arrangement of the cutting surface of the
running stone of a pair of millstones, and also to the means of delivering the
grain to the cutting surfaces of such stones. In ordinary millstones the cutting
surfaces extend from the eye to the periphery, and the grain when introduced is
operated on over the whole extent of surface, whereas according to my Inven-
tion I remove a portion of the face of the runner, and sink it considerably
below the level of the cutting surface, so that it presents a cutting surface of
an annular form near the periphery. The furrows of the cutting surface I
prefer to dispose in a radial position, leaving a land or surface of about one
inch and a half between furrows of about the same breadth, inclined to a
depth of about three-eighths of an inch below the face. In order to deliver
the grain at once to the cutting surfaces, I place a disc on the spindle of the
stone immédiately below the eye of the runner, on which disc the grain falls
when it enters the eye. The centrifugal force produced by the rotary motion

page_text: of the plate at once throws the grain towards: the periphery of the stones,
between the cutting surfaces of which it enters and passes off at the periphery
as usual. From this it will readily be understood that the grain remains a
very short time between the stones,, and, as it passes freely through, enabling
the performance of a large amount of work with one pair of stones.
These improvements are principally applicable to splitting beans and peas,
grinding barley or any coarse grinding, the stones being set at distances apart
according to the grinding or splitting purpose required.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR RAISING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1858

page_text: was not given
ne
prescrived
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Joseph Tellier at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th March
1858.
I, LOUIS JOSEPH TELLIER, of Pithiviers, in the French Empire, Tinker, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR
RAISING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
This machinery consists of a liquid elevator formed of an endless belt to
which buckets are attached in particular manner, herein-after stated. The
belt and buckets are made to pass over or round two drums or pulleys, one
free to revolve in the well or source from whence the liquid is to be raised, and
the other free to revolve upon being set in motion by a crank, handle, wheel,
gear, or otherwise.
The buckets may be formed and connected to the belt in one or other of
the following means:-
1. The buckets may be made open both at top and bottom, each with an
independent cover attached to the belt in such manner that upon each bucket
rising, and before leaving the supply vessel or source, a cover comes under
and closes the bottom of the bucket. The contents of each bucket are dis-
charged upon the bucket reaching the upper drum or pulley, when upon the
bucket travelling over the curved surface thereof it becomes forced outwards,

page_text: gets released from its cover, and thus discharges its contents. The cover
follows the bucket down again over the opposite side of the drum, and during
the descent closes the top of the bucket.
2. Or the buckets may be made with a permanently closed bottom, and be
simply rivetted or connected at their lower end to the endless belt.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR WEAVING FRINGES AND OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Beck at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd April
1858. A communication.
I, WILLIAM BECK, of New York, in the United States of America, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MACHINERY FOR WEAVING FRINGES AND OTHER FABRICS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to effect the weaving of all kinds of fringe
having a skirt, without the necessity of interweaving the weft threads along
that edge of the fabric which requires to be cut.
To this end the Invention consists in combining with any suitable loom for
weaving fringe, whether plain or figured, a bar or rod, connected at one end
with the breast beam, or any other suitable part of the loom, in front of the
lay, and passing through the lay, and causing the shuttle, when moving in one
direction, to carry the weft thread over the rod, and on the return motion to
carry it under the rod, thereby causing the weft thread to pass around the rod,
so that during the operation the weft threads shall be held by the rod as by a
selvage along one edge of the fabric, and along the other edge by the web
formed by the interweaving with the warps.
The Invention also consists in cutting the threads forming the skirt fringe
on the rod by combining shears with the rod, by the operation of which the

page_text: skirt fringe will be cut against the edge of the rod as the fabric is moved
along during the progress of the weaving operation.
It will be understood that these improvements are applicable to the pro-
duction of ribbons and other fabrics having an ornamental edge or border.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF ZINC, LEAD, COPPER, AND SILVER FROM ORES CONTAINING THESE METALS
Year: 1858

page_text: rotection, out notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Arthur Phillips at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th May
1858.
I, JOHN ARTHUR PHILLIPS, of Earl's Court Terrace, Kensington, in the
County of Middlesex, Mining Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF ZINC, LEAD, COPPER,
AND SILVER FROM ORES CONTAINING THESE METALS," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in first roasting the aforesaid substances cither in
heaps, kilns, or furnaces. The ores or products thus prepared are subsequently
treated for the zinc they contain either by the English, Belgian, or Silisian
process; the residues withdrawn from the reducing apparatus are afterwards
fused either in a reverberatory or blast furnace, with or without the addition
of plombiferous matter, although I generally prefer the employment of a blast
furnace supplied with heated air by means of three separate tuyeres. The
copper is obtained in the form of matt, whilst the lead and silver are procured
as an alloy, and are subsequently separated from each other by the processes
usually employed for that purpose. The copper matt is treated by repeated
roastings and fusions, and the metal is thus obtained in an uncombined
state.
In some cases, and particularly when the quantities of the other metals are

page_text: large in proportion to the zinc present, I fuse either the raw or roasted ores
in a blast furnace provided with suitable flues and condensers, in which the
more volatile metals, and particularly zinc, are deposited in the form of
oxides, &c., and these are subsequently treated for the metals they contain,
according to the usual processes for reducing zinc ores. In this case the
copper matts, together with the lead and silver, are tapped off directly from
the blast furnace, and afterwards separated and treated as above described.
The above process is particularly applicable to the utilization of a mineral
known as "bluestone," of which large quantities exist in this country.
AN IMPROVED POCKET OR OTHER LIKE SAFETY CLASP OR PROTECTOR
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolphus Ash at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th March
1858.
I, ADOLPHUS. ASH, of Woolwich, in the County of Kent, Cabinet Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED POCKET
OR OTHER LIKE SAFETY CLASP OR PROTECTOR," to be as follows:-
My said Invention consists of a peculiarly constructed clasp for closing and
securing pockets, purses, bags, or like depositories, by means of a spring frame
fastened in the mouth or opening of the same.
Four flat strips of metal are hinged together, so as to form in one position
an oblong square frame with vertical sides, which, when pressed together, will
present a short strip against a long strip of the frame on either side; in this
position the left-hand end of the compressed frame may have a piece of
watch spring, or other spring, fastened to it externally or internally, hinge
to hinge, on each side, and to which the spring ends must be fastened; by this
arrangement such spring will cause the frame to open and assume its square or
other figure. At the right-hand end of the frame, when compressed, there is on
one side an oblong hole in the metal strip, near the hinge, through which a
notched hook-shaped piece of metal or wire passes through an opening in the
opposite strip of the frame to a short spring, to which it is fastened, and when
the frame is compressed, so as to make the two strips of one side parallel,

page_text: or thereabouts, with the two strips of the other side, the two sides are
clasped together by the spring forcing the edge of the aperture to enter
the notch in the hook, from which it is immediately released on pressing
the hook, which descends with its spring, leaving the catch free, whereon
the spring of the opposite end causes the frame to open. These spring
catch and spring opening frames may be made of. various metals, and covered
with fabrics for lining the openings of pockets, bags, & the like.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FURNACES OF STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Ashton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th July
1858.
I, HENRY ASHTON, of Bewley Street, Kirkdale, in the County of Lancaster,
Locomotive Engine Driver, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FURNACES OF STEAM BOILERS," to be as
follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in an improved mode of constructing
the furnaces of steam boilers, whereby the air is guided on to the fire to
promote the combustion of the fuel, thereby generating steam rapidly, con-
suming smoke, economising fuel, and rendering the grate bars less liable to
being burnt than heretofore.
In applying my Invention to the fire-box of a locomotive steam engine, I
make the door in two halves, hinged together, and to the door frame I attach
a slanting plate, by which the air is guided on to the fire. An adjustable
plate may be applied to this slanting plate, to guide the air closer to or further
from the fire. I make the door frame capable of being easily removed from
the fire-box, so that in case of the tubes requiring to be repaired, they may be
got at with facility. When a locomotive engine is supplied with my improve-
ments, coals may be consumed instead of coke; in working the engine the
fire-door can be left open, and only partially closed when it is requisite to

page_text: generate steam very fast. When the engine is standing still, the fire-door is
open, and a steam jet is employed in the chimney to cause the requisite
current as is now customary. The fire-door is or may be provided with a
perforated plate and with sliding valves, by which air is admitted to the fire
when the door is closed.
The above improvements in furnaces are applicable to steam boilers of
marine and stationary engines.
CEMENTING, HAR- DENING, AND TEMPERING RAILS FOR RAILWAYS, AND ALSO AXLES FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGE WHEELS
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Schmitt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th July
1858.
I, JEAN SCHMITT, of Guernsbach, and of 44, Greek Street, Soho, London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CEMENTING, HAR-
DENING, AND TEMPERING RAILS FOR RAILWAYS, AND ALSO AXLES FOR RAILWAY
CARRIAGE WHEELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in subjecting the rails and axles to a process of
cementation and hardening, by which they are rendered much more durable
than the ordinary iron rails and axles; and for this purpose the rails and
axles after being manufactured are submited each of them in a special
furnace to the action of the following composition, wholly or in part according
to the kind of rails & axles required, viz., charcoal, grease, hoof parings, tartar,
coarse sugar, rosin, saltpetre, & sand. The tempering must take place after
the cementation & hardening is made.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LAMPS
Year: 1858

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
May 1858. A communication.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LAMPS," to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates principally to that class of lamps fed by volatile or
other oils, having a high equivalent of carbon.
The Invention consists in forcing through the lower part of the flame a
current of fresh air, so that the oxygen therein contained shall be brought
immediately in contact with the carbon the moment the degree of temperature
of the latter is sufficiently high to promote combustion. To effect this, the
lamp is provided with a cap piece of peculiar construction and arrangement,
by the use of which a lamp may be either fed with common or volatile oil, and
yet the entire carbon be consumed as it is evolved.
The upper part of the wick tube is enclosed by a cap piece, shaped in an
arched form, and having a slot at its top, and the cap picce is made to be
slidden up and down vertically in any suitable manner. The lips of the slot
are so arranged that when the cap piece is adjusted on the wick tube, they

page_text: shall be in a line or nearly so with the sides of the latter, so that when the
lamp is lighted, the under part of the flame, or the blue flame shall burn in
the slot and spread to the edge of the lips, thus forcing or causing the air to
pass through the flame instead of passing up along its sides. The air confined
in the under side of the cap piece, and which for this purpose is curved or set
at an angle to the top of the wick tube, so as to form an air chamber, is heated
by the flame and rises, and there being only a small space at the top through
which it can pass in that direction, and that only through the flame (as it
spreads from lip to lip), a sufficient current will be induced to supply the
requisite amount of oxygen for the complete combustion of the carbon, and
that when the latter is in the most favorable condition for this purpose, to wit,
when highly heated.
And here it may be remarked, that a glass chimney or globe may also be
placed over the lamp, if deemed advisable, for the purpose of shielding the
flame from side drafts.
From the foregoing description it will be readily perceived, that the form of
the cap piece, and the manner of attaching or securing it to the lamp may be
modified, so long as it is so constructed and arranged in relation to the wick
tube, that the under part or blue flame shall burn in and fill the whole spaco
of the slot.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING RAILWAY CARRIAGES, WHEREBY GREATER SAFETY IS INSURED IN CASE OF COLLISION
Year: 1858

page_text: ice to
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Augustus Munn at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th August 1858.
I, WILLIAM AUGUSTUS MUNN, late Major in the East Kent Regiment of
Militia, a Deputy Lieutenant and a Justice of the Peace for the County of
Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING RAILWAY CARRIAGES, WHEREBY GREATER SAFETY IS
INSURED IN CASE OF COLLISION," to be as follows:-—
My Invention consists of the following peculiarities in the constructions of
the carriage.
The body of the carriage is built separately from the platform or bed on
which it rests in groves, in such a manner as to be capable when a considerable
force is applied to slide along towards either end of the platform or bed.
At the
The framework of the body of the carriage is strongly built, the principal
timbers of the roof running lengthwise are curved down at their ends, and
meet and are joined to the ends of the principal timbers of the bottom running
lengthways, which are curved upwards in a corresponding manner.
extremities of these timbers are placed strong pieces of wood connecting them,
on which are fixed buffers corresponding with the buffers attached to the bed
or platform.
The bed or platform rests upon springs connected with the wheels and

page_text: axles in the ordinary way. The buffers are the ordinary buffers, except that
those attached to the body of the carriage have two pieces of metal projecting
obliquely behind the pad of the buffer, corresponding with the angle of junction
of the timbers at the end of the carriage, to prevent the buffer being driven
into the carriage in case of a collision.
The object of this arrangement is to diminish the shock in case of a collision,
and to lessen the danger to passengers by the breaking of the carriage.
PURIFYING AND INCREASING THE ILLUMINATING POWER OF GAS
Year: 1858

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Matthew Raine at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
January 1858.
I, WILLIAM MATTHEW RAINE, of Thirty-four, Bucklersbury, in the City of
London, Gasfitter, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"PURIFYING AND INCREASING THE ILLUMINATING POWER OF GAS," to be as follows:-
A vessel containing chambers through which the gas is made to pass, and
in so doing the gas is brought into contact with a large surface of liquid called
benzol or mineral naptha, to the action of which liquid the gas will be subject;
the said vessel and chambers to be divided into different compartments, the
upper compartment to constitute a cistern or reservoir for supplying the lower
compartment. The gas enters in at the lower compartment and travel from
end to end in a zig-zag direction over the surface of the liquid in the lower
compartment, such liquid being always kept a regular height upon a proper
principal; the gas in passing through the lower compartment is deprived of
any impurities by the liquid absorbing the same, and such liquid throws out
a vapour which mixes with the gas, and thereby adds very much to the illu-
minating power of the same.
NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN KINDS OF PRINTING TYPES, AND ALSO IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SPACES AND QUADRATS USED IN SETTING UP PRINTING TYPES
Year: 1858

page_text: "
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Schaub at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th August.
1858.
I, GEORGE SCHAUB, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Electro-
Metallurgist, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "NEW OR
IMPROVED MACHINERY TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN KINDS OF
PRINTING TYPES, AND ALSO IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SPACES AND QUADRATS USED
IN SETTING UP PRINTING TYPES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the machinery herein-after described to be used in
the manufacture of printing types of the kind or kinds described in the Speci-
fication of a Patent granted to me, and bearing date the Sixteenth day of
April, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
The said machinery may also be employed in the manufacture of spaces and
quadrats.
The said machinery is constructed as follows:-A circular table, having a
series of radial slots, is mounted upon a vertical axis, so as to be capable of
motion in a horizontal plane. In the said radial slots beds or matrices are
placed, the said matrices being impressed with the types to be manufactured,
the heads of the types made of copper and coated at back with soft solder are
cut from the sheets in which they are made by means of a fly press, the lower
die used in the press having a spring bottom, by which the type head cut out.

page_text: is raised from the die. The separate type heads are placed in the matrices on
the table, the backs of the type heads being uppermost. The bodies of the
types are cast on the heads by means of a mould, one half of which is fixed over
the table in the direction of a radius, and the other half of the said mould is move-
able. The table is turned until the matrix filled with type heads is brought under
the fixed part of the mould, the moveable half of the mould is connected to the
fixed half, and the matrix is made to bear up against the under side of the
mould, and is fixed accurately in its place; the said matrix constitutes the
bottom of the mould. Fused type metal being poured into the mould, the said
metal attaches itself to the type heads, and forms bodies thereto, the mould is
opened and the types removed. The matrix is depressed so that it can pass.
freely under the fixed part of the mould, and another filled matrix be brought
under it; the operations described are then repeated. The number of radial
slots carrying matrices may be varied with the size of the table. By sub-
stituting a plane surface for the matrices, the machinery described may be
employed for the manufacture of spaces and quadrats. Although I prefer
giving a rotatory motion to the table carrying the matrices, yet the said table
may be made to move with a reciprocating rectilinear motion with the same
or nearly the same effect.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THREADING NEEDLES
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eliza Graham at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the 7th January
1858.
I, ELIZA GRAHAM, of 14, Noel Street, River Terrace, Islington, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THREADING NEEDLES," to be as follows:-
A "threader," which consists of an exceedingly fine bar of steel, flat and per-
forated, fixed in a hinge so that it can be raised or lowered at will. The hinge
is fastened on to a flat piece of metal, wood, or other material, along which
there is a groove having at one part a small indentation, from which point
the surface is slightly lowered, but on one side of the groove only. The
"threader" is made to fall into the groove with its point adjusted to the
indentation; the groove is also perforated, so that a thread from a reel placed
underneath or otherwise can be passed through both it and the "threader."
The eye of the needle to be threaded is then guided by means of the groove over
the point and down to the base of the "threader," in its course passing over
the thread which has been previously drawn through the "threader" and.
doubled; the short end of the thread being then disengaged, the needle is
repassed up the "threader"
the "threader" over the single thread only, and the operation of
threading is complete.
A loop made of catgut or other material, and attached to a very fine flat
needle, is used by me, the Inventor, for drawing the thread through the
"threader" upon a similar principle, the thread being doubled through the

page_text: loop, and so drawn through till the short end becomes disengaged. The loop
is also applicable for threading needles.
By this Invention needles can be easily threaded by those who from
defective eyesight could not do so in the ordinary way.
ORNAMENTING THE SURFACES OF RAISED PILE FABRICS, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Asquith and Joseph
Asquith at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 20th July 1858.
We, WILLIAM ASQUITI and JOSEPH ASQUITH, both of Leeds, in the County
of York, Cloth Dressers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "ORNAMENTING THE SURFACES OF RAISED PILE FABRICS, AND IN THE APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows (that is to say):-
Our Invention, which has reference to a mode of producing ornamental
figures or devices upon the surface of cloth or other raised pile fabrics,
consists in placing at the back of the fabric in any suitable manner one or
more plain surface rollers formed in wood, metal, or otherwise, so that by the
action of a roller or rollers, set or furnished with bristles, weed, grass, plush,
or cards in stripes or other figures or devices, which revolve upon the surface
of the cloth, and to which a lateral reciprocating movement is given by the
employment of a cam action. The design may be produced by changing or
varying the direction of the pile or nap in those parts of the fabric acted
upon by the bristles or otherwise, as aforesaid, a horizontal motion being
communicated to the cloth until the entire length has been operated upon, so
that the pile being presented to the light in different positions may cause a
difference of shade to appear; the said roller or rollers at the back of the
fabric either revolving in fixed bearings or working with a rising and lowering
motion to suit the requisite pattern, which is subsequently fixed on the fabric
by steaming or boiling, drying, cutting, and pressing according to the nature.
and quality of the cloth.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SMALL CHAINS, AND LINKS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at the
Offico of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th October 1858.-A communication from H. Jesson, of Paris.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, E.C., Editor of the Mechanics' Magazine, and Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF SMALL CHAINS, AND LINKS FOR THE SAME," (a communcation
from H. Jesson, of Paris, residing abroad,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment of machinery operating essentially
as hereafter described, instead of the hand apparatus usually employed in the
manufacture of small chains formed of doubly curved links (called in tho
French "chaines epinglettes "), and of links for the same.
A quantity of the metal wire of which the chains or links are to be made is
wound upon a reel, and the end of it is led between tension rollers to a holding -
and cutting apparatus moved by a cam. Between the tension rollers and the
cutting apparatus a nipping contrivance is placed to prevent the wire flying
back when it is cut. The wire next passes through a guide hole, and then
comes between the two parts of a forked mandril, which is moved round by a
pinion driven by a lever. The motion of the mandril gives the first bend to.
the wire by winding it partially round the said mandril; a kind of die is then
advanced by another cam, shears off the bent piece of the wire, and still
advancing gives the second bend to the same; a spring arm or presser is
then moved against the first bend, and forces the wire around a second mandril,

page_text: completing the link. The second mandril is then pressed out of the link by a
cam acting upon a lever attached to it; or, otherwise, the die is drawn back, and
all the parts return to their first positions, the finished link being at the same
time passed out into a receiver: this is the complete process for making the
single links. But if the links are to be formed continuously in the form of a
chain, a kind of pincer or tool with one point barbed is interposed between the
guide hole before mentioned and the first mandril, and is worked so as to place
and keep each link within or looped to the adjacent one.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CORNETS AND OTHER WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1858

page_text: This invention received rovisional rotection, ouv
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Amand Ferry at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th March
1858.
I, AMAND FERRY, of the firm of Metzler & Company, Great Marlborough
Street, London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CORNETS AND OTHER WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS," to be as
follows:-
Instead of making the valve holes of cornets and other wind musical
instruments in contrary directions, I make them all in one direction, so that
the valve notes of the instrument will be quite as free in tone as the open
notes.
AN IMPROVED COMBINATION OF METAL WITH INDIA-RUBBER OR GUTTA PERCHA, OR WITH INDIA-RUBBER OR GUTTA PERCHA COM- BINED WITH OTHER SUBSTANCES, IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BELTING, HOSE, VALVES, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th August 1858.-A communication.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED COMBINATION OF METAL WITH
INDIA-RUBBER OR GUTTA PERCHA, OR WITH INDIA-RUBBER OR GUTTA PERCHA COM-
BINED WITH OTHER SUBSTANCES, IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BELTING, HOSE, VALVES,
AND OTHER ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the combination of wire cloth or wire netting
with india-rubber or gutta percha, or these combined with other substances,
such as textile fabrics, in such a manner as to produce belting or banding for
machinery or for purposes of traction, hose pipe, or a fabric for pump and
other valves, or for other purposes, in which the wire is made to impart the
required amount of strength to prevent tearing apart or bursting by the strain
to which such articles are or may be subjected, while the india-rubber gives to
the belting or valve fabric the peculiar kind of surface, and to the valve fabric
and hose that peculiar texture which are so useful in such articles.
In making bands or flat belts, it is preferable to enclose the required
length of wire cloth or netting in a covering composed of some textile fabric,
coated with india-rubber or gutta percha, the edges of the fabric being mado

page_text: to meet in or about the middle of the band. Hose or pipes may be made
either by winding a strip of wire cloth in a helical direction round a pipe made
of some textile fabric, and formed on a mandril, or the wire cloth may be
rolled up in the form of a cylinder, with lap joints. The fabric coated with
india-rubber or gutta percha, and combined with the wire cloth or netting,
are submitted to pressure, so as to effect an intimate union or connection, and
the articles when made may be vulcanized, if required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TAKING OR CATCHING FISH
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Hector at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th February
1858.
I, ALEXANDER HECTOR, of Saint Cyrus, in the County of Kincardine,
North Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TAKING OR CATCHING FISH," to be as
follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the application or employment and use of gal-
vanized wire ropes or lines, and galvanized wire for general fishery purposes,
instead of the ordinary hemp ropes and materials. In this application of
galvanized wire ropes, such ropes may be used in various departments of the
work, but they are principally available for such purposes as mooring bag nets.
They are lighter, cheaper, and more durable than hemp ropes, and they
necessarily oppose a diminished resistive area to the tidal current, in corre-
spondence with their smaller diameter, strength for strength, as compared with
hemp ropes, and an important feature in their favour is, that they resist the
injurious chafing action upon the rocks. The use of wire in the working of
fishing nets and apparatus is economically advantageous for many reasons..
THE TREATMENT OF HYDROCARBONS
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Puls at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th December
1858.
I, FRANCIS PULS, Chemist, of Roxburgh Terrace, Haverstock Hill, County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " THE
TREATMENT OF HYDROCARBONS," to be as follows:-
My Invention for the treatment of hydrocarbons has reference to the heavy
oils and fatty matters, or solid and fluid hydrocarbons, obtainable by distilla-
tion from gas pitch, gas tar, asphalt, coal, coal tar, bytuminous matters, and
other such substances which do not contain oxigen or not in sufficient quantity
to be saponified with alkaline lies. I oxidise this hydrocarbons by means of
acids, or otherwise, and use them in this oxidised state either alone or mixed
with other fatty or oily substances, for the purpose of combining them with
alkaline lies; which combinations I use as a lubricating material.