Improvements in Electric Lighting Apparatus, especially applicable for Railway and other Vehicles.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 10th May, 1899
Complete Specification Left, 12th Mar., 1900-Accepted, 10th May, 1900
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Electric Lighting Apparatus, especially applicable
for Railway and other Vehicles.
We, EDWIN JAMES PRESTON, of the Firm of J. Stone & Company, Deptford,
in the County of Kent, Engineers, and ARTHUR BERNARD GILL, in the employ
of the said Firm, Electrical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this in-
vention to be as follows:
These improvments relate to the simultaneous controlling or switching on or
off of sets of electric lamps where each set receives its current supply from a
separate source, be it a dynamo with accumulators, or accumulators alone or other-
wise; also to the automatic lubrication of the dynamo so that the latter is only
lubricated while running also to the automatic regulation of the intensity of the
light of the lamps during certain variations of speed or during the slowing down
of the speed of the dynamo. These improvements are more especially applicable
to the socalled Stone system of electric lighting of railway trains, described in the
Patent Specifications 5631 of 1894, 1611 of 1895 and 6329 of 1896.
Where it is desirable to switch on or off sets of electric lights, without
direct mechanical means we provide a switch accessible to the guard in his com-
partment in the case of a railway train, and a solenoid or electromagnet in each
coach and in electrical connection with the switch in the guard's compartment
which solenoids may be suitably encased. To the armature or moving core of
each of these solenoids is attached directly or through suitable, lever device a
pawl or finger which may be fitted with a roller instead of as a tooth at its outer
end; this pawl operates a pawl wheel or star wheel which is caused to partially
rotate when the current is on. The armature or core with the pawl is by a spring
or by gravity made to move back from the wheel after each impulse. Mounted
on the wheel spindle or operated thereby we provide a rotating commutator
having its contacts so arranged as to make or break connection at each stroke
of the armature or solenoid core.
Where the lubrication of the dynamo is effected automatically such as in the
aforesaid electric lighting system, and where it is impracticable to directly
operate the valves for controlling the admission of oil to the bearings by the
field magnets, we operate the valves by means of an electromagnet or solenoid
placed in the oil reservoir or in a compartment provided therein or outside of
same, the current for the electro magnet or solenoid being taken from the main
circuit or the field magnet circuit of the dynamo and connected up in series
or as a shunt. A collateral advantage of this arrangement is that in cold climates
the heat given off by the magnet or solenoid coils tends to keep in a fluid con-
dition the oil which otherwise might congeal or freeze.
In cases where two batteries are used which are put into parallel by the short
circuiting of the resistance inserted between the two batteries as described in
page 4 line 48 of the Patent Specification 6329 of 1896 it has in some cases been
found that when the resistance is shortcircuited on the slowing down of the train
the lamps perceptibly increase momentarily in brilliancy owing to the tem-

page_text: porarily high voltage of the accumulator which has been receiving the greater
part of the current generated. To obviate this we divide the resistance in two
or more parts in such a way that only a portion of the resistance is shortcircuited
the remainder serving to check the excessive discharge from the more fully
charged battery and so preventing the lamps from increasing in brilliancy.
Dated this Tenth day of May 1899.
JENSEN & SON,
17, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.
Improvements in Electric Lighting Apparatus, especially applicable
for Railway and other Vehicles.
We, EDWIN JAMES PRESTON, of the Firm of J. Stone & Company, Deptford,
in the County of Kent, Engineers, and ARTHUR BERNARD GILL, in the employ
of the said firm, Electrical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this in-
vention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly de-
scribed and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
These improvements relate to the simultaneous controlling or switching on or
off of sets of electric lamps where cach set receives its current supply from a
separate source, be it a dynamo with accumulators, or accumulators alone, or
otherwise, also to the automatic lubrication of the dynamo so that the latter is
only lubricated when running; also to the automatic regulation of the intensity
of the light of the lamps during certain variations of speed or during the slowing
down of the speed of the dynamo. These improvements are more especially
applicable to the so-called Stone system of electric lighting of railway trains,
described in the Patent Specifications 5631 of 1894, 1611 of 1895 and 6329 of 1896.
Where it is desirable to switch on or off sets of electric lights without direct
mechanical means we provide a switch accessible to the guard in his compartment
in the case of a railway train, and arrange and operate the aforesaid switch and
other parts all as hereinafter described reference being had to the accompanying
drawings of which Fig. 1 represents the invention diagrammatically as applied
to the switching on and off of an electric light installation in a railway carriage.
Fig. 2 is an end elevation partly in section of a solenoid and gear connected
therewith for operating the switches, and Fig. 3 is a front elevation partly in
section of the same apparatus. According to this part of our invention we provide
a switch indicated by the letter A Fig. 1 which is accessible to the guard or
person in charge, and a solenoid B or electromagnet. The battery C or other
source of current is by wires or conductors 1 and 2, contacts 3. rotating commu-.
tator 4, contact 5, wire 6, to one half of the lamps marked D, and also by contact 7,
rotating commutator 8, contact 9, wire 10 to the other half of the lamps marked E
the circuit being completed by a wire 11 common to the two sets of lamps, and by
the wire 12 back to the battery. The switch A is also connected to the wire 1
and permits of connection being made with the wire 13 to the solenoid B. The
other end of the solenoid coil is by a wire 14 connected to the wire 12 to the
battery. When the solenoid is excited by momentarily connecting the wires 1
and 13, the core G with armature F see Figs. 2 and 3 of the said solenoid is
attracted. To the upper end of the core G is attached indirectly or as shewn
directly a suitably jointed pawl or finger H which at its outer end is preferably
fitted with a roller I instead of a fixed tooth. This pawl H operates a pawl wheel
or star wheel K which is caused to partially rotate in one direction whenever

page_text: the current is on and the core G is attracted. The armature and core with the
pawl H is made to move back from the wheel K after each impulse either by
gravity as shewn or by means of a spring. The pivotted pawl H is also provided
with a spring L which permits of the pawl coming back to the vertical after
passing over the next tooth of the pawl wheel K on its return. Mounted on the
spindle M of the pawl wheel are the two rotating commutators 4 and 8 both of
which have insulated parts N and 0 respectively that cover about a quarter of
the circumferential area of each switch. The commutators 4 and 8 have their
and
or
contact parts so arranged as to make break connection at each stroke of the
armature or solenoid core, and so that in one position as shown in Fig. 1 they
make contact between the contacts 7 and 9. The result is that the current from
the battery flows through the wires 1 and 2 by way of the contact 7, contact
maker of the commutator 8, contact 9, wire 10, to lamps E, and thence by the
wires 11 and 12 to the other pole of the battery. A stroke of the pawl then.
moves the wheel K and its commutators a quarter of a revolution the effect of
which will be to allow the current to pass by way of the wires 1 and 2, contact 3,
contact maker of the commutator 4, contact 5, and wire 6 to lamps D and also
by way of contact 7, contact maker of the commutator 8, contact 9, and wire 10
to lamps and thence by the wires 11 and 12 to the other pole of the battery.
A second stroke of the pawl H causes the wheel to make the second quarter of a
revolution and the current will continue to flow through the commutator 4 as
just described to the lamps D) but the insulated portion O of the commutator 8
is now in contact with the contact 9, the result of which is that the lamps E are
switched off. A third stroke of the pawl H causes the commutators to move
another quarter of a revolution the result of which will be that the insulated
portion of the commutator 8 is now in contact with the contact 7 and the
insulated portion N of the commutator 4 is in contact with the contact 5 and no
current can pass through either commutator to the lamps, hence they are cut
out. On causing the pawl H to make another stroke the lamps E are again
lighted and so on. The solenoid, the contacts and the other parts are suitably
put in a box or casing and fixed in or outside of the carriage all as found most
convenient.
Although we have described this part of our invention as being applicable to
one carriage it is evident that it is equally applicable to a whole train by pro-
viding each carriage with a solenoid, contacts and connections as described and
by connecting the carriages electrically, a comparatively weak current from the
battery or dynamo on one carriage. sufficing to operate the core of the solenoid
and the commutator on each carriage. The dotted lines in Fig. 1 indicate the
connections and solenoid diagrammatically for two other carriages in addition
to the arrangement described and shewn for one carriage.
Further although we have described an arrangement for permitting one half
of the lamps to be switched on, the other half of the lamps to be switched on, the
first half of the lamps to be switched off and finally the remaining half to be
switched off, it will be apparent that we do not wish to confine ourselves to such
a refinement of construction, for it is evident that in many cases and especially
where there is only one lamp for each compartment (if there be compartments),
that a single simple commutator may be employed and one set of lamps and
connections for each carriage permitting of being switched on and off by one
stroke of the pawl respectively. Finally there may on the other hand be three
or more commutators and the necessary apparatus, and three or more sets, of
lamps in each carriage if required.
The next part of our invention refers to the automatic lubrication of the
dynamo such as in our electric lighting system and described in our aforesaid
patent specifications. Where it is impracticable to directly operate the valves
for controlling the admission of oil to the bearings by the field magnets we
operate the valves by means of an electro magnet or solenoid placed in the oil
reservoir or in a compartment therein or outside of same, the current for the

page_text: electro magnet or solenoid being taken from the main circuit of the field magnet
circuit of the dynamo and connected up in series or as a shunt. A collateral
advantage of this arrangement is that in cold climates the heat given off by the
magnet or solenoid coils tends to keep in a fluid condition the oil which might
otherwise congeal or freeze.
Fig. 4 is a sectional elevation and Fig. 5 a plan of an arrangement where the
two electromagnets A are placed in an oil cistern B the two-armed armature C
being adapted to rock on a shaft D one arm operating against the electro-magnets
and the other armı taking under a flange of the valve E which is arranged in the
tube and serves to admit oil to the interior thereof as will be understood from
our aforesaid patents.
G is the oil outlet pipe. Fig. 6 is a sectional elevation and Fig. 7 a plan of
an arrangement where the electromagnets are in a compartment B of the box B.
Fig. 8 is a sectional elevation and Fig. 9 a plan of an arrangement where the
clectromagnets are in a small cistern B2 attached to the outside of the cistern B.
Figs. 10, 11 and 12 are diagrams shewing different ways of arranging the wires
for supplying current to the electro-magnets. It will be understood that the
valve is only open so long as the dynamo is running, that is to say, as long as
the train is moving also that the current for exciting the electro magnets by
reason of the resistances shewn is only allowed to be strong enough to lift the
valve E.
In cases where two accumulator batteries are used which are put into parallel
by the short circuiting of the resistance inserted between the two batteries as
described in page 4 line 48 of the Patent Specification 4329 of 1896 it has in
some cases been found that when the resistance is short circuited on the slowing
down of the train the lamps perceptibly increase momentarily in brilliancy owing
to the temporarily high voltage of the accumulator which has been receiving the
greater part of the current generated. To obviate this we divide the resistance
in two or more parts and arrange the circuits in such a way that only a portion
of the resistance is short circuited the remainder serving to check the excessive
discharge from the more fully charged battery. By a suitable arrangement of
the circuits all of the resistance is in use and interposed between the dynamo
and the charged battery when the dynamo is running normally and the lamps
are in use, a part of the resistance is cut out and a part is interposed between the
batteries when the dynamo is cut out and both batteries are connected with the
lamps, and all of the resistance is cut out when the lamps are extinguished and
both batteries are charged by the dynamio.
Fig. 13 is a diagrammatic representation of an electric car lighting apparatus
embodying these improvements.
A is the switch board of the dynamo or electric generator, B B two storage
batteries, C C¹ two groups or sets of electric lamps or other translating devices
and D a resistance board on which the resistance coils or members are arranged.
The dynamo is driven from one of the car axles and its brushes a a¹ engage with
the commutator a² so as to permit of turning the latter in either direction and
operating the dynamo when running the car forward or backward. In order to
permit the reversal of the movement of the armature without changing the
direction or polarity of the current, a suitable automatic pole reversing device is
employed, that shewn in the drawing being substantially the same as that which
is shewn and described in our aforesaid patent specifications. This reversing
device, briefly stated, is constructed as follows:-
eel and are two pairs of main contacts arranged on diametrically opposite
sides of the switch board and f fl and f f represent two similar pairs of main
contacts arranged on diametrically opposite sides of the switch-board at an
angle to the first mentioned pair of contacts. The contacts e f on one side of the
switch board are connected by wires g with each other and with the adjacent
brush a, and the contacts e2f2 on the opposite side of the switch-board are con-
nected by wires gl with each other and with the other brush a'.

page_text: The contact lever H supported on the shaft of the armature is controlled by a
entrifugal governor as in the aforesaid patent specifications and is provided with
wo insulated blades hh. When the armature is turning in one direction its
blade connects the contacts e e', and its blade ¹ connects the contacts e e³, as
hewn in the drawing. When the armature turns in the opposite direction the
contact lever is reversed and its blade h connects the contacts f f and its blade h¹
connects the contacts f² f.
I is one of the main outgoing or positive wires which is connected at one end
with the contact el and at its opposite end to a binding post i arranged at one end
of the resistance. This binding post is connected by a main wire with one
pole of the battery B. Jis the other main outgoing or positive wire which is
connected at one end to a binding post on the opposite end of the resistance.
The binding post is connected by a wire with one pole of the battery B.
K is the main return or negative wire which is connected at one end with the
opposite poles of both batteries and with its opposite end to the contact e³ and
by a. branch wire k to the contact f¹. For convenience in wiring, the main
negative wire is run to a binding post k on the board 1) and to permit of testing
an ammeter 2 is included in the main negative wire..
L is a hand switch whereby the lamps are turned on or off and whereby the
resistance d is cut out from the circuit between the dynamo and batteries when all
the lamps are cut out. This switch is provided with a centrally pivotted switch
lever L, a pair of adjacent lamp terminal contacts which are arranged dia-
metrically opposite a single dynamo contact 12, and two diametrically opposite
resistance contacts which are preferably arranged at right angles to the lamp
contacts. The resistance contacts are connected by wires m m¹ respectively,
with the binding posts i j at opposite ends of the resistance. One of the pair of
lamp contacts is connected by a branch wire c¹ with one side of one set of lamps
and the other of the pair of lamp contacts is connected by a branch wire c with one
side of the other set of lamps. The opposite side of both sets of lamps is connected
by a lamp wire with the main negative wire K.
C
N is a lamp wire which is connected at one end to the dynamo contact and at
its opposite end to a pivot post on the dynamo switch board, while its inter-
mediate part is connected to a binding post on the resistance board D for con-
venience in wiring, n² is a battery reversing switch-lever pivotted on the post n
and adapted to alternately engage its ends with contacts n which are included
in the circuit of the main wires I and J respectively.
o is an insulated presser arm which is arranged on one side of the dynamo
contact lever and which is adapted to engage with either end of the reversing
switch lever n² and turn the same into engagement with either of the contacts ³
or n¹.
P is a resistance switch lever arranged adjacent to the presser arm of the
dynamo contact lever parallel with the battery reversing switch and pivotted on
a post parranged on the dynamo switch-board.
Normally, that is to say, until the speed of the dynamo shaft has increased
5 beyond a predetermined speed this resistance switch lever is turned by a spring
or springs of any suitable construction into such a position that its ends
simultaneously engage with contacts 23 arranged on the dynamo switch-board.
The contact is connected with the contact of the battery reversing switch
lever and the contact 3 is connected by a wire with the resistance between the
0 ends thereof. qq¹ and g² q³ represent two pairs of field contacts arranged on the
dynamo switch-board. The contacts q¹³ of both pairs are connected by a
wire with one side of the field magnets Q and the other side of the field magnet
is connected by a wire with the contact e. The field contact g is connected by
a wire 6 with the contact e¹ and the field contact is connected by a wire q
5 with the contact f³.
R is an insulated field switch blade mounted on the dynamo contact lever and

page_text: adapted to connect the pair of field contacts q¹ or the pair of field contacts q² 9³
For the purpose of testing and determining the charged condition of the batteries
a voltmeters is arranged in a shunt across the lamp circuit.
When the dynamo is running in the direction of the arrow, the switch
blades connect the contact ee and e² e³, the presser arm has engaged the arm
of the battery and resistance switch levers on one side of their pivots and turned
the same so that the connection between the contacts 72 and is broken and the
battery switch lever is moved into engagement with the contact and out of
engagement with the contact ³, the field switch blade R connects the con-
tacts q', and the lamp switch lever is turned, so that one of its arms engages
with the dynamo contact and its opposite arm engages both of the lamp
contacts 1.
When the parts are in this position and the battery B has been previously
charged, the current from the dynamo is distributed as follows:-
Commencing at the brush a on one side of the armature commutator, the
current passes successively through the wires g, contact e blade h contact c¹ and
wire I to the binding post i. At this last place the current divides and one part
thereof passes through the wire to the storage battery B₁ and charge the same,
thence along wire K including the ammeter and binding post k¹, contact e³, switch
blade, contact e², wires g and brush a¹ to the opposite side of the armature
commutator. The other part of the current passes from the binding post i through
the resistance 7, binding post, wire J, contact n switch lever n², pivot post n,
wire N including binding post n', dynamo contact 2 lamp switch lever L, both
lamp contacts through both sets of lamps and then unites by wire 2, with the
current of the charging battery B' in its return passage along the wire K to the
dynamo.
The resistance is so proportioned that the pressure of the current after pass-
ing the resistance is sonicwhat less than the pressure of the charged battery B,
which causes the latter under normal conditions to discharge slightly. The
current so discharged by the battery 1 unites at the binding post with the
dynamo current which crosses the resistance and these united currents pass
through the lamps and back to the opposite sides of the dynamo and the discharg-
ing battery B. If the voltage of the current generated by the dynamo rises above
the normal by reason of an abnormally high speed of the dynamo and the pressure
of the current after passing the resistance is greater than the pressure of the
charged battery B, the pressure of the dynamo current overcomes that of the
charged battery and the excess current from the dynamo passes through the
battery B to the return wire K, thereby increasing the charge of the charged
battery. The charged battery thus serves as a regulator by absorbing any ex-
cess pressure of the dynamo current which the lamps do not take up, thereby
avoiding any undue pressure and wear on the lamps and causing the same to burn
uniformly.
Upon turning the lamp switch lever so that it connects the dynamo contact ª.
with only one lamp contact or 1, the current passes through and illuminates only
one set or group of lamps.
Upon turning the lamp switch lever so that it clears the dynamo and lamp
contacts and connects the resistance contacts as represented by dotted
lines in the drawing, both sets of lamps are extinguished and the resistance is
short circuited or cut out. When the dynamo is running in the direction of the
arrow cutting out of the lamps causes the current from the wire I to divide at
the binding post i, one part passing by wire direct to the battery B₁ and the
other part passing along the wire m, contact 1, switch lever Li contact 1,
wire m, binding post and wire j₁ to the battery B, thereby passing around the
resistance and delivering the whole output of the dynamo directly into both
batteries and charging the same equally.
While the dynamo is running in the direction shown by the arrow in the draw-
ing, the field current passes from the brush a successively through, the wires g

page_text: contact e, blade h, contact el wire q contact g blade R, contact g, wire q' field Q
wire q, contact e³, blade ¹, contact e² and wires g₁ to the other brush a¹.
When the movement of the car is reversed the rotation of the dynamo, is re-
versed, whereby the dynamo contact lever is moved in. the opposite direction from
that indicated by the arrow, and when running at normal speed, the blades h h³
connect the contacts f f and f f³ the presser arm o engages with the opposite
arms of the resistance and battery reversing switch levers and tilts these levers,
so that the battery reversing lever is disengaged from the contact n* and engaged
with the contact 3 and the resistance switch lever is moved in the opposite
direction so as to still break the circuit between the contacts 12 and the field
switch blade R connects the contacts g² q³. When the parts are in this reversed
position the current from the dynamo is distributed as follows:
Commencing at the brush a the current passes successively through the
wires contact f, blade h¹ contact 3 and main wire J to binding post where
the current divides. From this post one part of the current passes along the
wire to and through the battery B and charges the same, thence through the
main negative wire K including the ammeter and binding post ¹ branch wire k,
contact fblade h, contact f and wires g to brush a. The other part of the
current passes from binding post through the resistance, binding post wire I,
contact, reversing switch lever n², pivot post n, wire N including binding post
n dynamo contact 72 lamp switch lever L', lamp contacts 111, wires c c¹ to and
through both sets of lamps, wire and then to the main negative wire K back
to the dynamo. Under normal conditions the charged battery B discharges
slightly and the current so discharged passes from the battery B₁ through wire i
to binding post where it meets the current from the dynamo that has crossed
the resistance and joins the same on its way to the lamps. If the lamps do not
take up all the dynamo current which passes the resistance, this surplus current
is forced into the charged battery 13 and increases the charge of the latter thereby
regulating the current and avoiding flickering in the lamps, as when the dynamo
was running in the other direction. While the dynamo is running normally in
the direction opposite to that indicated by the arrow, the field current passes from
the brush a through the wires g', contact f², blade h', contact f³ wire q7 contact g².
field blade R, contact g³ wire g field Q wire q³ contact e³ wire k contact f¹ blade h
contact f and wires g to the opposite brush a.
Upon turning the lamp switch lever L so as to cut out the lamps and the re-
sistance when the dynamo is moving in the direction opposite to that indicated
by the arrow, the current from the wire J divides at binding post j. and one part
passes directly by wire to one side of battery B and the other part passes by
binding post by wire m' contact switch lever L' contact wire m binding post i
and wire to one side of battery B¹. The current passes from the opposite sides
of both batteries through wire K back to the dynamo.
When the dynamo stops running after moving in the direction of the arrow or
slows down owing to the stopping of the carriage or slackening in the speed
thereof the dynamo contact lever is moved automatically away from the switch
board in the manner described in the patent specifications referred to whereby
the blades h h are disengaged from all the main contacts, the field blade is dis-
engaged from the field contacts and the presser arm is disengaged from the
battery reversing and resistance switch levers. This permits the spring p¹ to
turn the resistance switch lever P so as to connect the contacts P2 P3 thereby
cutting the dynamo off from the lamps and placing both batteries in parallel
with the lamps.
When the parts are in this position the current from both batteries passes to
the lamps as follows:
The current from the battery B passes from one side of the same successively
through the
wire binding post wire J contact reversing switch
lever 2 pivot post n wire N including binding post n' contact 12 switch lever L'

page_text: contacts wires e c¹ to both sets of lamps, wire 2 and wire K to opposite side
of battery B.
The current from battery B' passes from one side of the same successively,
through the wire binding post i wire I contact n³ contact 72 resistance switch
lever P, contact p³ wire pt and through part of the resistance to the binding
Dost j, at the binding post j the current from the battery B¹ meets the current
from the battery B and thence pass together to and through the lamps, as before
described, to the opposite sides of the batteries.
When the dynamo stops after running in the direction opposite to that indicated
by the arrow, or slows down sufficiently to move the dynamo contact lever into
an inoperative position, the resistance switch is turned by its spring 21 so as to
connect the contacts and the battery reversing switch lever 2 is left in en-
gagement with the contact n³ and out of engagement with the contact n. When
the parts are in this position the dynamo is cut out and the current from both
batteries passes to the lamps as follows:
The current from battery B₁ passes from one side of the same, successively,
through wire binding post i. wire I, contact n³ reversing lever n³ pirot post n
wire N including binding post a contact P, switch lever L¹. contact 11, wires e c¹
both sets of lamps, wire and main wire K to the opposite side of battery B.
The current from battery 3 passes from one side of the same successively through
wire binding post through part of the resistance to wire 24, contact 13.
switch P, contact 72 to contact ³, where it meets the current from battery B¹
and thence the current of both batteries passes together to the lamps and returns
to the opposite sides of the batteries.
Fig. 14 is a diagram of another arrangement in connection with two batteries
a divided resistance being arranged in such a way that only a portion of the re-
sistance is short circuited while the remainder serves to check the excessive dis-
charge from the more fully charged battery: by this means the lamps are pre-
vented from acquiring undue increase in brilliancy. The three-armed rocking
contact lever, the contacts and the seesaw double armed contact maker on the
contact board K are arranged similarly to those of Fig. 4 of the aforesaid
Specification 6329 of 1896, but the circuit and resistance arrangements are accord-
ing to our present invention. A terminal 1 is provided at the resistance d; this
terminal is by the wire 2 connected to the contact 3; the other end of the re-
sistance is by the wire 5 connected to the opposite contact 4. It will thus be
seen that by the stoppage or slowing down of the dynamo the pivotted lever
corresponding to the lever P in the Specification 6329 of 1896 will connect the
contacts 3 and 4 and thus short circuit only that part of the resistance which lies
between the wire 5 and the contact and wire 2; the remaining part of the re-
sistance is thus always kept in circuit. But the whole of the resistance may be
cut out, the controlling hand switch being then placed in the off position that is
to say so as to connect the contacts 3 and 4.
It will thus be seen that when the dynamo becomes inoperative after moving in
either direction, the batteries are automatically placed in parallel with the lamps
and a part of the resistance is always interposed between both batteries thereby
preventing the heavily charged battery from backing un suddenly into the lightly
charged battery, whereby the batteries are caused to balance or equalize gradually
and flickering of the lamps is avoided. We may however provide suitable con-
tacts on or in connection with the main switch all so arranged as above described
that when the main switch is in the off position we cut out the whole of the re-
sistance both when the dynamo is charging and when it is inoperative.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said in-
vention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is:-
1. The combination with the electric circuit, a translating device aranged
therein, and an electrically actuated switch arranged in said circuit for controlling

page_text: the supply of current to said translating device, of an electro-magnet by which
said switch is shifted, a shunt circuit in which said magnet is arranged, and a
hand switch arranged in said shunt circuit and by which the current is controlled
which actuates said magnet and shifts the electrically actuated switch substan-
tially as set forth.
2. The arrangement described with reference to Figs. 1 to 3.
3. The automatic electrically actuated dynamo lubricating arrangement de-
scribed with reference to Figs. 4 to 12 wherein the actuating magnet is located
in the oil cistern, in a separate compartment of same or in a compartment ad-
joining the same.
4. The combination with the dynamo, two accumulator batteries, a translating
device, and a resistance interposed between the dynamo and the translating
device, of a switch circuit connecting the batteries with the resistance at a point
between the ends thereof, and a switch arranged in said circuit, which switch is
closed when the dynamo is inoperative, thereby cutting out part of the resistance
and leaving the remaining part included in the connection extending from one
battery to the other, substantially as set forth.
5. The combination with the dynamo, two accumulator batteries a translating
device and a resistance interposed between the dynamo and the translating device,
of a handswitch interposed between the translating device and the resistance and
provided with contacts and connections arranged to cut out the resistance and con-
nect the dynamo with both batteries when the translating device is cut out sub-
stantially as set forth.
6. The arrangement of hand switch, resistance and circuits described with
reference to Fig. 13.
7. The arrangement of hand switch, resistance and circuits described with
reference to Fig. 14.
8. The arrangement of the automatic switch described with reference to Fig. 13.
Dated this Twelfth day of March 1900.
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.