AN IMPROVEMENT IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF COTTON YARN
Year: 1885

page_text: Cotton Yarn.
I ISAAC HALL RUSSELL of Easthampton in the County of Hampshire and State
of Massachussets, one of the United States of America, Cotton Spinner do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for AN IMPROVEMENT IN MACHINERY FOR
THE MANUFACTURE OF COTTON YARN to be as follows:-
My invention is especially adapted for use on the spinning machine described in
the specification of a pending application for provisional protection made by
Theodore Thomas Abbot, dated January 5, 1885 N° 163, though it may be used
upon any spinning machine, speeder, or drawing frame in which successive pairs of
drawing rollers are used, irrespective of whether a greater or less number of pairs
of rollers are employed.
In the machine described in the specification of the said prior application, there
are used for carrying out the process therein described, trumpets which gather
outlying aud projecting fibres into the body of the sliver that is being drawn ; but
these trumpets are applied between successive pairs of drawing rollers which have
nearly equal surface speed, and consequently, between which little or no draft is
produced upon the sliver.
I have found that, in drawing by rollers untwisted sliver, or sliver having only
a slack, or can-twist in it, and also roving, that the fibres thereof, after leaving the
bite of one pair of rollers and while the sliver or roving subject to the draft of
the next succeeding pair of rollers, project to a greater extent or in greater number
from the body of the sliver, or roving, than they do between rollers having equal
or nearly equal speed, and if not gathered in and compacted into the same before.
reaching the bite of the said succeeding pair, the resulting yarn, during the
operation of twisting will become to some extent "nubby" uneven and irregular.
My invention consists in combining with two successive pairs of drawing rollers,
the surface speed of the second pair of which is greater than that of the first pair,
a trumpet, or condenser, which by acting upon the sliver while subject to the draft
caused by the successive pairs of rollers, shall gather in and compact into the body
of the sliver any outlying or projecting fibres, or shall prevent the fibres from thus
sticking out.
I will describe my invention in connection with successive pairs of drawing
rollers and trumpets as described in the specification of said prior application for
provisional protection and, which also have been used in machines for drawing
roving.
I will not definitely describe the details of the construction and mounting of the
rollers, nor any means of actuating them, as my invention can be applied in
connection with successive pairs of drawing rollers, constructed, arranged and

page_text: actuated in any of the known ways employed in spinning frames, speeders and
drawing frames.
The surface speed of the second pair is, in practice, greater than that of the first
pair and about the same as that of the next succeeding pair; the surface speed of
the fourth pair greater than that of the third. pair and about the same as that of
the next succeeding pair, and the surface speed of the last pair greater than that
of the fifth pair.
The sliver, led through the first trumpet into the bite of the first pair of rollers
is drawn between such rollers and the second pair and again between the third
and fourth pairs of rollers, and a third time between the fifth and sixth pairs of
rollers.
There is little or no draft between the second and third, or the fourth and fifth
pairs, where the first and second trumpets act upon the sliver.
The trumpet or condenser of my invention is, by preference, placed between the
fifth and sixth pairs of rollers, and acts upon the sliver during its passage between
them and while subject to the draft caused thereby.
It is arranged so that its position, relatively to the strand of the sliver may be
changed laterally, or vertically.
I do not limit myself to any precise kind of trumpet. It may be stationary, or
rotary or of any known structure; an open topped stationary trumpet has however
been found to give excellent results in practice.
The trumpet may be made. and mounted so as to be capable of rotation in a
plane at a right angle to the line of motion of the sliver; or it may consist of
a pulley (like a carrying pulley) having a grooved periphery, and revolving in the
direction of the line of movement of the sliver, so that, while its surface in contact
with the sliver is grooved, and therefore gathers in fibre, the drag of the sliver on
the compacting surface is lessened.
In short, the form and construction of this trumpet, or condenser may be changed,
as may be found desirable in drawing different qualities of fibre, and according to
the weight of the sliver used, and the kind and size of product sought, so long as
it is so constructed as to gather in the outlying fibres.
This trumpet or condenser may be placed between other pairs of rollers than the
final pairs wherever the sliver is subject to draft, as for instance, between the third
and fourth pairs or even between the first and second pairs, though it is specially
useful when combined with the pairs of drawing rollers between which the final
draft is made.
When applied to the ordinary spinning frames mules or speeders this trumpet
should be applied between successive pairs of drawing rollers where the roving
that is being operated upon is subject to draft.
I do not claim, as of my invention a trumpet or trumpets in combination with
pairs or a series of pairs of drawing rollers, when such trumpet or trumpets are
located between pairs of rollers which revolve at the same or at nearly the same
surface speed; but I am not aware that any one prior to my discovery has found
out that the fibres are most liable to stick out from the mass of the sliver or
roving while their positions are being changed relatively during the actual drawing
or extension in length of the mass, or that the most advantageous time to gather
in said fibres is while the mass is being lengthened, or that at this time the
presence of the trumpet may prevent the sticking out of the fibres.

page_text: I ISAAC HALL RUSSELL of Easthampton in the County of Hampshire and State
of Massachusetts, one of the United States of America, Cotton Spinner do hereby
declare the nature of the said invention for AN IMPROVEMENT IN MACHINERY FOR
THE MANUFACTURE OF COTTON YARN and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
In the provisional specification filed with the application of Theodore Thomas
Abbot, numbered 163 of the year 1885 is described a process of making cotton yarn
consisting in bringing the cotton fibre to the condition of sliver, and drawing and
doubling the sliver for the purpose of evening it, then further drawing and com-
pacting or condensing, without twisting, the sliver thus prepared until it is reduced
to the attenuated form requisite to allow it to be spun directly into yarn, and
finally spinning said attenuated sliver directly into finished yarn as contra-
distinguished from roving; and also a machine for effectuating the said process
consisting essentially of successive pairs of drawing rolls arranged and operating to
receive sliver and to reduce it, without twisting, to the attenuated form requisite
to allow it to be spun directly into yarn, trumpets to condense and compact said
sliver during this process of reduction, and ring spindles, or their equivalent, for
spinning said attenuated sliver directly into finished yarn, as contra-distinguished
from roving.
In this machine the condensing trumpets which gather outlying and projecting
fibres into the body of the sliver, that is being drawn are applied between successive
pairs of drawing rollers which have nearly equal surface speed, and, consequently
between which little or no draft is produced upon the sliver.
In practice of the process referred to by the use of the machine in question, the
aliver, which practically is without twist, becomes towards the close of the drawing
operation very attenuated and fraill, and when it reaches extreme attenuation, that
is to say, after it is drawn for the last time :-the fibres project or stand apart to
such an extent and have so little cohesion that they are apt to adhere to and follow
one or both of the rollers that constitute the last pair of drawing rollers, rather
than to pass to the spinning spindle in the form of a sliver, the effect of which is
sometimes to break down the sliver and in any event to frequently result in the
production of uneven and irregular yarn.
The object of my improvement is to remedy this difficulty, to which end the same
consists in combining with the two pairs of drawing rollers between which the
sliver receives its final drawing, an intermediate trumpet or condenser which acts
upon the sliver while subject to the final draft, and at this time gathers into the
body of the attenuated sliver outlying or projecting fibres, and causes the sliver to
pass between the front pair of the drawing rollers in compact form, so that when it
issues from between these rollers it may possess the coherency, compactness and
uniformity requisite to allow it to be conducted to the ring spindles and to be there
spun into an even yarn.

page_text: It may be found desirable to introduce trumpets between other of the drawing
rollers at points where the sliver is subject to draft; but what is indispensable
under my improvement is that the sliver at the time it is being drawn for the last
time should be condensed, so that it may pass to the front one of the two pairs of
rollers by which this operation is performed, in the compact and uniform shape
requisite to insure its proper delivery to the spinning device.
In the accompanying drawings Figure 1 is an end view of the machine herein-
before referred to. Figure 2 is a front elevation thereof, with the centre portion
broken away to bring the ends more nearly together.
Figure 3 is a cross section on enlarged scale of the drawing rollers and trumpets
together with a portion of the stand or frame supporting the same. Figure 4 is a
top view of a portion of the under or fluted rollers, and the trumpets. Figure 5 is
a perspective view of one form of the trumpet, or condenser, which may be used in
carrying out my invention. Figure 6 is an elevation of the final pair of drawing
rollers together with a modified form of trumpet.
The machine shown in the drawings is a double machine, that is, with two
complete sets of cans, drawing rollers trumpets, ring spindles and their accessories.
The sliver S to be drawn and spun in the machine is contained in cans m m
arranged in double tier, one above the other, and supported above the drawing
rollers on a can stand o, o, and the sliver is lifted out of these cans by rollers n n
over which it passes as usual.
From these cans the slivers (which are in the condition in which they are
usually after having gone through the drawing and doubling operation) passes
between successive pairs of drawing rollers, there being in the present instance six
pairs the upper rollers lettered a, b, c, d, e, and f, and the lower rollers lettered a'
c d e¹ and f'.
In these rollers, the sliver is subjected to three successive drawings-the first
between the two pairs of rollers a a¹ and b b¹ the second between the two pairs of
rollers c c and d d and the third and last between the two pairs of rollers e e¹
and ff.
The condensers or trumpets g h i are located between these rollers which revolve
at practically the same speed, and between which, consequently there is no draft
upon the sliver.
From the final pair of drawing rollers ff' the attenuated sliver t is conducted
directly in the ring spindles k k and is there spun directly into yarn.
With respect to the speeding of the drawing rollers, reference may be had to
Abbot's provisional specification, herein before referred to for a full description and
explanation.
It will be sufficient here to say that in the example given in said provisional
specification of spinning number 20 yarn from drawn and doubled sliver weighing
60 grains to the yard, the surface speed of the first pair a al is 2-22-100 inches
per minute; the second pair 661 7 92-100 inches per minute; of the third pair c, c¹,
the same as that of the second pair; of the fourth pair d d¹, 48 33-100 inches per
minute of the fifth pair e e¹, the same as that of the fourth pair; of the sixth and
last pair ff 314 inches per minute. And at these revolutions of the rollers the
spindles are run at from 6000 to 7000 revolutions per minute.
Manifestly by the time the sliver (which remains practically in untwisted
condition until it is ultimately spun into yarn) has undergone the final drawing
between the two pairs of rollers e e¹ and ff it is extremely attenuated, as it must
be in order to be in fit state to be spun directly into yarn. But in this condition
the fibres have little cohesion, and stand apart and project from the body of the
sliver so that when the material passes between the front rollers ff' the fibres are
liable to stick to and follow one or both of the rolls, instead of passing therefrom in
a compact body of sliver to the ring spindles.
This is the difficulty to be remedied by my improvement which consists in
interposing between the two pairs of drawing rolls e e¹ff' which performs the
final drawing operation on the already attenuated sliver a condenser or trumpet ?
+

page_text: which while the sliver is subject to the final draft, acts to gather in and compact
into the body of the sliver any outlying or projecting fibres, or to prevent the fibres
from thus sticking out, and to present the sliver to the bite of the final pair of rolls
in a compact and condensed body-the result being that the sliver passes from
between these rolls to the ring spindles in the extremely attenuated state in which
it must be in order to be spun once for all into yarn, but at the same time in
compact and uniform condition.
I do not limit myself to any precise kind of trumpet.
It may be stationary, or rotary or of any known structure. The form shown in
the drawings is an open topped stationary trumpet; (arranged so that its position,
relatively to the strand of sliver, may be changed laterally, or vertically) and this
form has been found to give excellent results in practice.
The trumpet may be made and mounted so as to be capable of rotation in a
plane at right angles to the line of motion of the sliver; or it may consist as seen
in Figure 6 of a pulley r-like a carrying pulley having a grooved periphery, and
revolving in the direction of the line of movement of the sliver, so that, while its
surface in contact with the sliver, is grooved, and therefore gathers in fibre, the
drag of the sliver on the compacting surface is lessened.
In short the form and construction of this trumpet, or condenser, may be changed
as may be found desirable, in drawing different qualities of fibre, and according to
the weight of the silver used, and the kind and size of product sought, so long as it
is so constructed as to gather in the outlying fibres.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and the best way now known to me of carrying the same into effect,
I state in conclusion that I am aware that it is not new, broadly considered, to
interpose between successive pairs of rollers revolving at different speeds a
condenser or trumpet to act upon the material which is being drawn between the
said pair of rollers; and this I do not claim.
What I do claim is
The combination with successive pairs of drawing rollers arranged and operating
to receive sliver and to reduce it, without twisting, to the attenuated form in which
it must be in order to be spun directly into yarn condensers or trumpets for con-
densing or compacting the sliver during this process of reduction, and ring spindles,
or other known spinning instrumentalities, for spinning said attenuated sliver
directly into yarn, of a condenser or trumpet interposed between the two pairs of
drawing rollers between which the sliver receives its final draft, and acting upon
the sliver, while undergoing the final draft, to compact and condense it before it
enters the final bite of the final pair of said drawing rollers substantially as herein-
before set forth.