IMPROVEMENTS IN BURNERS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Nicholas Douglass at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th January 1881.
.
JAMES NICHOLAS DOUGLASS, of Dulwich, in the County of Surrey, Civil Engineer..
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BURNERS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in oil and gas burners of two or
more rings of wick for oil, and two or more perforated rings for gas.
The Invention consists in an arrangement of an outer deflector surrounding the:
burner and lower part of the flames, one or more of which it covers, and in con-
nection with this deflector is a deflecting glass chimney, both deflector and
chimney being so formed as to force the outer flames on to the inner flame or
flames, and thus to condense all the. flames, and deflect on to the internal and
external surfaces of each of the flames the whole of the ascending currents of air,
and in such a manner as to invigorate the combustion of the flames, and augment
the intensity of their light.
The Invention also includes the means of employing one or more of the rings of
flame with perfect combustion, and thus decreasing or increasing the intensity of
the light without any alteration in the external form or dimensions.
'

page_text: .
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Nicholas Douglass in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
7th July 1881.
JAMES NICHOLAS DOUGLASS, of Dulwich, in the County of Surrey, Civil Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BURNERS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in oil and gas burners having
two or more open rings or ring chambers for oil and wicks when, oil is used, and
two or more perforated rings or ring chambers for gas when gas is used, the ring
chambers being connected with deflectors, constructed and employed as hereinafter
described, and the combination producing in each case a burner of a greatly
improved character, as compared with those hitherto used. I am aware that what
are termed deflectors have been before employed for the purpose of deflecting
currents of air supplied to a burner, and in some cases the lip or edge of such
deflector has been made to project slightly over the upward stream of ignited gases
as they issue from a burner, but such burners have not consisted of several
concentric chambers, and in no case has there been effected such a convergence of
the ignited currents as is caused by the use of deflectors in the manner which I have
found to be necessary. The Invention consists in an arrangement of an outer
deflector surrounding the burner and lower part of the flames, one or more of
which it covers; and in connection with this deflector is a deflecting glass chimney,
both deflector and chimney being so formed as to force the outer flame or flames
onto the inner flame or flames in the manner illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings, and thus to condense the flames to the requisite extent, and deflect on
to the internal and external surfaces of each of the flames the whole or nearly the
whole of the ascending currents of air, and in such a manner as to invigorate the
combustion of the flames, and augment the intensity of their light. The Invention
also includes the means of employing two or more of the rings of flame with perfect.
combustion; or even one ring may be employed, and thus decreasing or increasing
the intensity of the light without any alteration in the external form or dimensions.
This is a matter of great importance when the light is employed in combination
with optical apparatus.
In order that the method of constructing burners with my improvements may be
fully understood, I will proceed to give a description of the Drawings hereunto
annexed, which illustrate the mode in which my improvements are employed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1, sectional view of my improved burner for six rings of flame with deflector
of three rings adapted for cylindrical chimney.
Fig. 2, sectional view of same arrangement, where three of the rings of flame
only are employed.
Fig. 3, sectional view, as in Figs. 1 and 2, with two ring deflector.
Fig. 4, modified form of burner as adapted for shouldered chimney.
In these Figures the same letters indicate like parts.
A, concentric rings of oil or gas chambers.
B, deflector, which may be formed, as in Figs. 3 and 4, with two rings, or with
three rings or partitions, as in Figs. 1 and 2.
C, deflecting glass chimney.
D, flames at full intensity (Figs. 1, 3, and 4).
E, flames at decreased intensity with the three alternate rings only employed in
burner (Fig. 2).
The concentric hollow rings or air passages H between the oil or gas chambers A
are those as ordinarily constructed, through which the air and oxygen passes to the
interior and exterior of the inner flame or flames, and to the interior of the outer
flame, as shown in the Drawings. By this my Invention highly condensed and
compressed flames are produced, differing in this respect from any burner hitherto

page_text: used. The requisite condensation or compression is effected by having the
deflector B constructed so as sufficiently to overlap one or more of the outer rings
and flames of the burner A. This deflector B causes the maximum quantity of air
and oxygen to be conducted up to the outer flame, and forced onto it at the proper
points of combustion; thereby condensing it and the interior flame or flames, as
shown, and thus producing perfect combustion. The deflector B is formed of one
or more rings or partitions; the number of such rings or partitions may be increased
or decreased when a larger or smaller number of rings forming the burner A is
employed, so that by means of such deflector acting in combination with the glass
chimney C air and oxygen are delivered to the flames at the proper points, so as to
cause them to converge, and to condense and compress them as shown, and thus
produce perfect combustion.
In Figs. 1, 2, and 3, a straight deflecting cylindrical chimney is employed,
supported by lugs, projections, or brackets, formed or cast on the outer surface of
the deflector B. A curved chimney can be used with the, arrangement shown in
Fig. 4 in combination with a deflector of one or more rings. This deflector B is
preferably supported on four or more arms F radiating from a cylindrical band G,
which is fitted to and made to slide on the outer surface of the burner A, being
adjustable to the required position. Other means of adjustment can be employed.
To decrease the intensity of the light of an oil burner without altering its external
form or dimensions one or more of the inner rings of flame are extinguished by
lowering their wicks within the wick chambers by the usual racks and pinions
provided for this purpose, and to increase the intensity of the light thus reduced
the wicks are raised to their required level, and are ignited by the adjacent
inwardly deflected outer flame or flames. To decrease the intensity of the light
of a gas burner without altering its external form or dimensions one or more of the
inner rings of flame are extinguished by shutting off the supply of gas by the usual
cocks or valves provided for the purpose; and to increase the intensity of the light
thus reduced these cocks or valves are opened, and the ascending gas is ignited, as
before described, for the wicks of the oil burner by the adjacent inwardly deflected
outer flame or flames. It is to be observed that a very important advantage, both
as regards efficiency and economy, is obtained by the use of my improvements in
burners, because the temperature of the glass chimney is considerably less than
with present burners, and thus, besides diminishing breakage of the glass chimneys,
flames of greater intensity than hitherto employed can be advantageously used.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature and object of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed or carried out in
practice, I hereby declare that what I claim is, the use in burners having two or
more rings for flame of deflectors B, B, or B, B, B, which are formed so as to
overlap one or more of the rings of flame of the burner A, in combination with
a glass chimney C, whereby the rings of flame are made to converge, and the
maximum quantity of air and oxygen is so conducted to and forced into the flames
at the proper point or points that a highly condensed and compact light with
perfect combustion, and of maximum intensity, is produced, substantially in the
manner hereinbefore described and shown in the Drawings annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Nicholas Douglass, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixth day of July, One thousand eight hundred and
Witness,
T. MORGAN,
21, Cockspur Street, S.W.
JAS. N. DOUGLASS. (L.S.)