CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESSING AND FINISHING WOLLEN CLOTHS
Year: 1825

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
FREDERICK SMITH, of Dunston Hall, in the Parish of Chesterfield, in the
County of Derby, Esquire, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Eleventh day of January, in the fifth year of His reign,
did, for Himself, His heirs, and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
John Frederick Smith, His especial that I, the said John Frederick Smith,
my exors, admiors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Johu Frederick
Smith, my exors, admñiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESSING AND FINISHING WOLLEN CLOTHS;" in which
said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso obliging me, the said John
Frederick Smith, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, par-
ticularly to describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be
enrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said recited Letters
Patent, as in and by the same, referonce being thereunto had, will more fully
and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said John
Frederick Smith, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention to consist
in passing cloth over a cylinder covered with cards set the contrary way to that
generally adopted and arranged, with steel straight-edges set in such manner
as to finely shear the surface of the cloth while the cloth is drawn over the
cylinder in the same direction as the cylinder turns in; and in further com-
pliance with the said proviso, tho said John Frederick Smith, do hereby
describe the manner in which my said Invention is performed, by the following
description thereof, reference being had to the Drawing annexed, and the
figures marked thereon, that is to sny :-
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
The Drawing generally represents a frame fitted with drawing and carrying
rollers for the purpose of drawing the cloth from the pile B to the pile C in
the direction of the arrow; but as this species of machinery is known to all
those accustomed to work at woollen or cotton machinery, I shall not more
particularly describe it in this part of my Specification, but proceed to describe
the cylinder A, which contains the main principles of my said Invention.
The parts marked e are steel straight-edges set with their blades or edges
a little below the tops of the teeth of the card that is before them, because when
the cloth presses upon the teeth of the cards they yield, and thus bring the
edges of the blades into action. The parts marked rare cards set the reverse
way to that usually adopted, so that the backs of the teeth of the cards are in
fact presented to the work. The cylinder A and the cloth are both moved
in the same direction, which is that shewn by the arrow, but the cylinder is
moved at a much greater velocity than the cloth, and during the process the
cloth becomes dressed in a very superior manner.
It should here be observed
that before the cloth undergoes the process herein-before described it should
be raised, sheared, and finished in the usual way, but not pressed; and it should
also be observed that as the cloth is finished from the machine herein-before
described it should be suffered to fall to the ground and not be taken up by
rollers which would wind it against the pile. In order to shew the different
velocities of the cloth and the cylinder A, the following proportions and dimen-
sions should be attended to (that is to say):-No. 2, first motion, pullies
fast and loose, one foot diameter, which gees 437, revolutions per minute.
No. 3, pulley, 18-inch diameter, on the same shaft as No. 2 (going 437
revolutions per minute), which drives the pulley, 8 inch diameter, No. 4, on the
end of the cylinder, which goes 984 revolutions per minute). No. 4, the 8 inch
pulley on the shaft of the working cylinder, which goes 984 revolutions per

page_text: minute.
No. 5, working cylinder (going 984 revolutions per minute).
No. 6, single worm on the other end of the first motion shaft, which drives a
wheel No. 7, on the bottom end of the upright shaft. No. 7, worm wheel,
with 114 teeth bottom of the upright shaft, going
- minute. No. 8, upright shaft, which goes 3
1 revolutions per
revolutions per minute.
No. 10,
No. 9, double worm on the upright shaft No. 8, which drives a wheel with
50 teeth, No. 10, on the end of the taking-in or feeding roller.
worm wheel with 50 teeth, which goes
of revolutions per minute.
No. 12,
No. 11, feeding or taking-in roller, 7 inch diameter, going of a revolution
per minute, and passing 32 inch of cloth over it per minute.
roller, laying at top of No. 11, weighed by springs or dead weights.
No. 18, a 6-inch pulley, which drives the pulley on the delivering roller at
the other end of the frame No. 14. No. 14, pulley, 6 inches, which is driven
by No. 13. No. 15, delivering roller, 7 inches diameter, on the same shaft
as the pulley No. 14. No. 16, roller top of No. 15 roller, weighed with
springs or dead weights. No. 17, five carrying rollers or pressing rollers,
with spiral brushes on them both right and left. No. 18, the cloth going over
and under the carrying rollers, and over the cylinder, at the rate of 34 inch
per minute. No. 19, band, which drives the pulley No. 4 on the cylinder
shaft. No. 20, band, driving the pulleys Nos. 13 & 14.
Now whereas I do hereby claim as my Invention the apparatus hercin-
before described as a whole, and specially the particular arrangement of the
cards and steel straight-edges on the cylinder, with reference to their manner
of acting on the cloth, and also to the moving of the cloth and the cylinder in
the same direction, so far as is herein-before described; and this, my said In-
vention, constituting my said Improvements in Dressing and Finishing Woollen
Cloths, and being, to the best of my knowledge and belief, entirely new, and
never before used in that part of His said Majesty's United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland called England, His Dominion of Wales, and Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, I do hereby declare this to be my Specification of
the same, and that I do verily believe this my said Specification doth comply
in all respects fully, and without reserve or disguise, with the proviso in
the said herein-before in part recited Letters Patent contained; wherefore
hereby claim to maintain exclusive right and privilege to my said
improvements.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Frederick Smith, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and twenty-five.
JOHN FREDERICK (L.B.) SMITH.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Eleventh day of July, in
the year of our Lord 1825, the aforesaid John Frederick Smith came
before our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Speci-
fication aforesaid, and all and overy thing therein contained and specified,
in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped
according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Eleventh day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and twenty-five.