Year: 1886

page_text: ощению шаргиз наcrines.
I ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK of the firm of A. M. and Wm Clark of
53 Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex Fellow of the Institute of Patent
Agents do hereby declare the nature of this Invention a communication to me
from abroad by Peter Taulson Lindholm of Lindsborg, in the County of McPherson
and State of Kansas United States of America, Teacher, to be as follows :-
The object of this Invention is to provide adding machines constructed in such a
manner as to be convenient in use and reliable in operation The machine is con-
structed as follows;-Upon a horizontal shaft near one end thereof is placed loosely
a ratchet wheel made with a hundred teeth upon the face or side of its rim and pro-
vided with an annular flange upon which are nunerals from one to a hundred in their
natural order. The ratchet wheel is turned forward by a pawi pivoted to an arm
fast on the shaft and projecting to the rearward. To the shaft are attached two
short forwardly projecting arms carrying a bar extending across a series of key-
levers, and with which bar engage hooks whose shanks are attached to said key
levers. The key levers are pivoted at their rear ends, and they respectively engage
each with one arm of an elbow lever whose other arm engages with a sliding bar,
there being a series of these sliding bars which are moved to and fro by the up and
down movement of the levers. Upon the upper sides of the forward ends of the
slides are formed projections which as the said slides are moved forward coine
beneath the transverse bar before mentioned and limit its downward movement,
and consequently the return stroke of the pawl driving the ratchet wheel, these
projections being graduated in height so that as each projection comes beneath the
bar it will allow the said bar to descend only so far as will allow the pawl to pass
over so many teeth of the ratchet wheel as are indicated by the numeral appro-
priated to the key of the lever connected with the slide carrying the said projection.
The propelling motion of the pawl is produced by a spring, and the key-levers are
raised after each depression by springs. The ratchet wheel is also provided with
a check pawl, the rear ends of the two pawls projecting above shoulders formed
upon the rear end of a key lever, the shoulders of this lever being so arranged as to
raise the propelling pawl a little in advance of the check pawl. To the hub of the

page_text: ratchet wheel is attached a pinion with which gears a wheel provided with a flange
or rim upon which are formed equidistant division marks numbered 1. 2. 3 and so
on, as many division marks being used as the teeth of the gear wheel are multiples
of the teeth of the pinion so that the flange will indicate the number of revolutions
of the ratchet wheel and consequently the number of hundreds in the sum. The
part of the flange of the gear wheel displayed is flush with the displayed part of
the flange of the ratchet wheel, so that the hundreds can be readily read in con-
nection with the corresponding tens and units. A spring is so arranged as to be
coiled up by the forward revolution of the gear wheel and should have sufficient
strength to turn the ratchet wheel and gear wheel back to the zero points when
the pawls are raised out of contact with the said ratchet wheels. To the adjacent
sides of the ratchet wheel and gear wheel are attached pins in such positions as to
come in contact when the said wheels are both at the zero point but which will
pass each other when the said wheels are in all other positions so that the said
wheels will always be stopped at the zero point when turned back by the action of
the spring. The mechanism of the machine is covered by a casing leaving exposed
the forward ends of the key levers and the keys. The part of the casing over the
zero-marks of the flanges of the wheels have apertures formed in them to display
the said parts of the said flanges, so that the sum can be readily read.
In using the machine, the keys representing the figures to be added are
successively depressed and the sum of the column of figures is read from the figures
on the flanges of the wheels through the apertures in the casing. When the sum
has been noted down on paper by the operator the key which raises the pawls is
depressed, the wheels return to the zero point, and the machine is ready for adding.
another column of figures. The ratchet wheel is kept from going too far when it
is turned forward by its propelling pawl, by the said pawl coming in contact with
the holding pawl and being thus held against the teeth of the ratchet wheel so that
the ratchet wheel will always be stopped in its forward movement at exactly the
right spot and held from rebounding.

page_text: Improvements in Adding Machines.
'
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of the firm of A. M. and Wm. Clark, of
53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Fellow of the Institute of Patent
Agents, do hereby declare the nature of this Invention (a communication to me
from abroad by Peter Taulson Lindholm of Lindsborg, in the County of McPherson,
and State of Kansas United States of America Teacher), and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
The object of this Invention is to provide adding machines constructed in such a
manner as to be convenient in use and reliable in operation.
The Invention consists in the construction and combination of various parts of
the adding machine, as will be hereinafter fully described.
Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this
specification, in which figure 1 is a plan view of one of the improved adding
machines. Figure 2 is a sectional side elevation of the same taken through the
line xx figure 1, and parts being broken away. Figure 3 is a plan view of the
same, the case being removed and parts being broken away. Figure 4 is a side
elevation of the same, partly in section through the line y y figure 1, and parts
being broken away. Figure 5 is a part of the same section enlarged. Figure 6 is
a section on line ww of figure 3. Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding
parts in all the figures.
•
A represents the bed-plate of the machine which is supported upon legs B' of such
a length as to raise the machine to a convenient height. To the middle side parts of
the bed plate A, are attached bearings C in which are journaled the ends of a shaft D.
Upon the shaft D, near one end is placed loosely a ratchet wheel E, the lower part of
which enters a slot in the bed plate A to allow the said wheel to be made as large as
possible. The ratchet wheel E is made with a hundred teeth upon the face or side.
of its rim, and its rim is provided with an annular flange F upon which are formed
numerals from one to a hundred in their natural order. The ratchet wheel E is
turned forward by a pawl G pivoted to an arm H fast on the shaft D and pro-
jecting to the rearward. To the shaft D are attached two short forwardly projecting.
arms I one of which may be a forward projection of the arm H, and to the outer
ends of the arms I is attached a bar J with which engage hooks K whose shanks
are attached to levers L provided at their forward ends with finger keys or knobs M.,
The rear ends of the levers L are pivoted to a rod N mounted in supports O at the
rear part of the bed plate A. To the sides of the middle parts of the levers L.
are attached pins P which enter slots in the lower arms of elbow levers Q pivoted
at their angles to a rod R mounted in supports S attached to the bed plate A. The
upper arms of the elbow levers Q engage in recesses in the side edges of bars T
which rest and slide in recesses U in the upper sides of bars V secured' to supports W
attached to the bed plate A, so that the said slides T will be moved to and fro by

page_text: the up and down movement of the levers L. Upon the upper sides of the forward
ends of the slides T are formed projections X which, as the said slides are moved
forward, come beneath the bar J and limit its downward movement and conse-
quently the upward movement of the arm H and pawl G. The projections X are
graduated in height so that as each projection X comes beneath the bar J it will
allow the said bar to descend only so far as will allow the pawl G to pass up over
. so many teeth of the ratchet wheel E as are indicated by the numeral appropriated
to the key of the lever connected with the slide carrying the said projection. The
key levers L are raised after each depression by springs Y placed beneath them
near their rear ends. The arm H, after being raised, is drawn down by a spiral
spring Z or other suitable spring connected with the said arm and with the bed
plate A causing the pawl Ġ to turn the ratchet wheel E forward. The ratchet
wheel E is held from being turned back by the friction of the pawl G while being
raised by a pawl a pivoted to the bed plate A or other suitable support, and which
engages with the teeth of the said ratchet wheel. The engaging ends of the
pawls Ga are held against the teeth of the ratchet wheel E by springs b c pressing
against the said pawls, and attached to their supports. The rear ends of the
pawls G a project above shoulders formed upon the rear end of a lever d pivoted
to a support attached to the bed-plate A, and provided with a key c at its forward
end for convenience in operating it, the shoulders of the lever d being so arranged
as to raise the pawl G a little in advance of the pawl a. The rear end of the
lever d is lowered after being raised by a spring f connected with its rear part and
attached to the bed plate A. To the hub of the ratchet wheel E is attached a small
pinion wheel g with which gears a wheel h journaled in an upward extension of
the bearing C. With the wheel or its journal is connected a flange or rim ¿ upon
which are formed equidistant division marks numbered 1, 2, 3, and so on, as many
division marks being used as the teeth of the gear-wheel are multiples of the
teeth of the pinion wheel g so that the flange i will indicate the number of revolu-
tions of the ratchet wheel E and consequently the number of hundreds in the sum..
The wheel should be made as large as possible while keeping the part of the
flange displayed flush with the displayed part of the flange F, so that the
hundreds can be readily read in connection with the corresponding tens and units.
With the journal of the wheel h is connected a coiled spring j, the outer end of
which is connected with the bearing C, or with a drum rigidly attached to the said
bearing. The spring j is so arranged as to be coiled up by the forward revolution
of the wheel h and should have sufficient strength to turn the ratchet wheel E and
gear wheel back to the zero points when the pawls Ga are raised out of contact
with the said ratchet wheels. To the adjacent sides of the ratchet wheel E and
gear wheel h are attached pins in such positions as to come in contact when the
said wheels are both at the zero-point but which will pass each other when the said
wheels are in all other positions, so that the said wheels Eh will always be stopped
at the zero point when turned back by the action of the spring j. The mechanism
of the machine is covered by a casing m leaving exposed the forward ends of the
levers Ld and the keys M c. The parts of the casing m over the zero marks of
the flanges F i of the wheels Eh have apertures formed in them to display the said
parts of the said flanges, so that the sum can be readily read.
In using the machine, the keys M, representing the figures to be added, are
successively depressed, and the sum of the column of figures is read from the figures
on flanges Fi through the apertures in the casing m. When the sum has been
noted down on paper by the operator, the key e is depressed, the wheels return to
the zero-point, and the machine is ready for adding another column of figures.
The ratchet wheel E is kept from going too far when it is turned forward by the
downward movement of the pawl G, by the forward end of the said pawl G coming
in contact with the upper part of the holding pawl a and being thus held against
the teeth of the ratchet wheel E, so that the ratchet wheel will always be stopped
in its forward movement at exactly the right spot, and held from rebounding.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed; I declare that what
I claim is;
1. In an. adding machine, the combination with the bed plate A, the shaft D,
and the loosely revolving ratchet wheel E having index flange F, of the arm H
attached to the said shaft, the pawl G pivoted to the said arm, the arm I attached
to the said shaft, the bar J connecting the said arms, the spring-pressed key
levers L having hooks K engaging with the connecting bar, the elbow levers Q
connected with the said key levers, the slides T connected with the elbow-levers
and having graduated projections X, the recessed bars V carrying the said slides,
and the spring Z connected with the pawl carrying arm, substantially as herein
shewn and described, whereby the said ratchet wheel will be turned forward
through fixed spaces, by operating the said key levers, as set forth.
2. In an adding machine, the combination with the shaft D, and the loosely
revolving ratchet wheel E, of the arm H, pawl G on the end of the said arm,
spring Z, the arms I, the bar J connected to said arms I, and the key levers L
provided with hooks K engaging said bar J, substantially as herein shewn and
described.
.
3. In an adding machine the combination with the loosely revolving ratchet-
wheel E, the key-levers L, and intermediate mechanism for operating the ratchet
wheel from the key levers, of slides having graduated projections, and elbow levers
engaging the said key levers and slides, substantially as and for the purpose
set forth.
4. In an adding machine, the combination with the shaft D, the loosely revolving
ratchet wheel E, the spring pressed arm H, the pawl G the arms I, the bar J, and
the key-levers L provided with hooks K, of the slides T having projections X, the
rock shaft R and the elbow levers Q engaging said slides and key levers, substan-
tially as herein shewn and described.
5. In an adding machine, the combination with the shaft D, the loosely revolving
ratchet wheel E having index flange F, key levers L, and intermediate mechanism
for operating the ratchet wheel from the said key-levers, of the pinion g, the gear-
wheel h, the spring j, and the stop-pins on the said ratchet wheel E and gear
wheel h, substantially as herein shewn and described,
Dated this 17th day of August 1886