NEW INVENTED PROCESS AND METHOD OF DYING AND STAINING COLOURS UPON COTTON CLOTH, LINEN CLOTH, AND COTTON AND LINEN CLOTH MIXED
Year: 1799

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
GRATRIX, of Hulme, in the Parish of Manchester, and County of Lancaster,
Calico Printer and Dyer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Seventeenth day of July, in the thirty-ninth year
of His reign, did give and grant unto me, the said Samuel Gratrix, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, His special licence and authority
that I, the said Samuel Gratrix, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within that part of the Kingdom of Great
Britain, the Dominion of Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed,
my "NEW INVENTED PROCESS AND METHOD OF DYING AND STAINING COLOURS UPON
COTTON CLOTH, LINEN CLOTH, AND COTTON AND LINEN CLOTH MIXED;" in which
Letters Patent is contained a proviso, obliging me, the said Samuel Gratrix,
under my hand and seal, to cause a particular description of the nature
of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within one calendar month
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent, as in and
by the same, relation being thereunto had, may more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Samuel Gratrix, do hereby declare that my new invented method of dying
and staining different colours upon cotton cloth, linen cloth, and cotton and

page_text: linen cloth mixed, is particularly described and performed in manner following,
that is to say
To dye a black upon cotton cloth,, linen cloth, and cotton and linen cloth
mixed, I take tar iron liquor of the very best quality, adding to each gallon
thereof three quarters of a pound of fine flour, and by boiling bring it to the
consistency of a thin paste. I put the liquor or paste above mentioned into
the tub marked No. 3, belonging to the machine used in this process; a
section and horizontal plan of which, with a reference to and description of the
several parts whereof, is hereunto annexed. The goods intended to be dyed are
wound upon the roller No. 14, and passed through the liquor or paste above
mentioned, betwixt the two rollers 7 and 12, thereby completely staining or
dying the whole mass or body. of the. cloth...I pass them into a very hot stove
or drying house till dry. I take cows dung, put it into a large copper of water
about scalding hot, and mix it well together, through which I pass the piece of
cloth until it be thoroughly softened. Note.-The quantity of dung and the
time necessary in this process depend upon the substance of the cloth, and the
quantity of the paste or liquor 'imbibed in it. I take and wash the goods so
dunged extremely well in water. I take a quantity of madder, or logwood, or
sumack, or any two of thein, or all of them mixed together, as the strength of
the cloth' and 'nature of the colour
may require, and put them 'into a copper or
tub of hot water, then enter the goods before mentioned into this liquor, and
keep wincing or moving them therein until I have brought them up to the
strength of colour required;- I have the goods again well washed and dryed.
Note. For dying black, it will be proper to pass the goods a second time through
the above operations, adding more or less' of the dying-woods as before.. Note
also, that if after the above operations the shade of colour is too full or too
much upon the red hue, it' will be necessary to give them a little sumack, and
then run them through a liquor made from iron, and owler, or alder bark.
I
Another method of dying black.I take common iron liquor and add three
quarters of a pound of fine flour, and by boiling, bring it to the consistency of a s
thin paste, or instead of flour I add glue, or linseed, or gum, or any two or all
of them'mixed together, till it is brought to a proper thickness; I then pass
the goods through the machine, and follow the before-mentioned operations.
To dye olives, bottle greens, purples, browns, cinnamons, or snuffs: I take
common iron liquor, or common iron liquor with allum dissolved in it, or a
common iron liquor with allum and saccharum saturni dissolved therein, in
quantity of each according to the shade of colour wanted, made into a paste or
liquid by adding flour, gum, glue, linseed, or one or more of them as before';
I then put the liquor or paste above mentioned into the tub marked No. 3,

page_text: belonging to the machine before described, 'and-pass the goods so intended to
be dyed through the machine in the same manner I have described for dying
black; I take them from the machine and hang them up in a very cool room,
where they remain 'till thoroughly dry; I take cows-dung, put it into a large
copper of hot water and mix it well together, through which. I pass the cloth
or goods until thoroughly softened, the. quantity of dung and time. requisite
being proportioned as before. The goods after this process being. well washed,
I take a quantity of liquor made from madder, logwood, sumack, fustic, brazil,
wolds, quercitron bark, peach wood, or other woods, to produce the colour
wanted, or any two or more of them; and in case I see it necessary, I dilute
this liquor with water, according to the shade or fullness of colour I want to
dye; I then work the goods through this liquor very well, after which.I.pass
them through cold or warm water according to the colour, the proper appli-
cation of which is well known to dyers, adding a little allum, coppras, or Roman
vitriol, or two or more of them first dissolved in water; I then wash them off
in warm water and dry them. Note.--If the colour is not sufficiently full, I
repeat the sanie opération's till it is brought to the 'shade-required.
To dye crimson, red, orange, or yellow:-I take red-liquor, such as is generally
made from allumi, saccharum saturni, or such like ingredients, and dilute it with
water, according to the strength or slinde of colour I want to dye, bringing it
to the consistency of a paste or liquid, as before described, then pass the cloth
through the machine, which being dryed in a cool room, I pass it through the
operations of dunging and washing, as before. I take a quantity of liquor
made from cochineal, madder, peach wood, brazil, logwood, wolds, fustic,
sumack, or any two or more of them, proportioned in strength to the shade of
colour I want to dye, and work the goods through this liquor very well till I
have brought them to the shade of colour required, after which I wash them
in cold or warm water and dry them.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Gratrix, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Tenth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand seven hundred and ninety-nine.
The reference to and a description of the machine used in Samuel
Gratrix's new Invention of dying or staining cotton cloth, linen cloth, and
cotton and linen cloth mixed, a section and horizontal Drawing whereof are
above delineated. No 1, the frame; 2, the cloth or hatting which conveys
the paste or liquor to the piece of cloth intended to be dyed; 3, the tub made
to contain the paste; 4, another tub, which receives the superfluous liquor or
paste from the piece, and conveys it into N° 3. 5, 6, and 7 are three rollers,

page_text: round which the hatting runs, passing through the tub of liquor N° 3; 8 and 9,
two screws for the purpose of tightening the hatting; 10 and 11, two screws
which press the roller N° 7 against the roller, N° 12, betwixt which the
piece passes; 12, a roller on which the fly wheel N° 13 is fixed, which puts
the machine in motion; 13, the fly wheel; 14, the roller on which the piece
is wound; 15, the piece passing through the liquor, and betwixt the rollers
7 and 12; 16, another roller, which draws the piece from the machine by a
stran worked from a pulley on the roller N° 12.
Inrolled the Thirteenth day of August, in the year above written.