Year: 1896

page_text: I, FREDRIK LEONARD ENQUIST, of Regeringsgatan No. 59, Stockholm, Sweden,
Mining Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to a lock with a bolt movable inward and outward and
acted on by a spring which tends to pull or draw the bolt inwards into the lock.
When the bolt is shot this inward movement of the locking-bolt is prevented
by tumblers, bars, or other impediments arranged so that they extend beneath the
key-hole and come into contact with the key when the latter is inserted into
the key-hole and can be brought into the position for unlocking by simply pushing
the key into the lock, whereupon the locking-bolt will be withdrawn by the force
of the spring. In locking, the bolt is pushed outward the proper distance by
means of an arm or other part connected with it and projecting through the
side of the door or drawer, the tumblers being subsequently returned to their
initial positions in the ordinary way by springs. The shape and arrangement
of the tumblers are such that, in order to leave room for the inward motion of
the locking-bolt, they must be pushed out of the way unequal, though determined
distances. The arrangement may be so contrived that the tumblers will prevent
the bolt from moving inward whether they be pushed too far or not far enough.
One or more of the tumblers may be so made that they must be left untouched
i.e., so that, if moved but very little out of place, they will cause the bolt to remain
shot and prevent it from being pulled in though the other tumblers be given the
correct position. The simplest arrangement is to make the tumblers to turn
on a pivot, though tumblers arranged in another way-for instance, straight-
guided--can also be used.
For the purpose of operating the tumblers, the end of the key is provided with
steps. The key may be made of any convenient shape, the simplest way, how-
ever, being to make it flat. By varying the depth of the steps and their relative
position as well as the shape of those parts of the tumblers, which come into
contact with the corresponding steps of the key, any required number of differently
shaped keys may be produced. Instead of providing steps at the end of the key
for operating the tumblers, the key may for this purpose be provided with pro-
jections or inclined faces at its sides, or such projections may be arranged both
at the sides and at the end of the key.
When the lock is to be used on a door or gate and it is intended to be opened
by a key from the inside also, the tumblers are prolonged on the other side of
their fulcrum and the key-holes are placed symmetrically in relation to the said
fulcrum, so that the action of the key will be the same no matter from which
side of the door it is inserted.
In the accompanying drawings there are shown some modes of carrying out
the invention. Fig. 1 is a vertical section of a lock intended particularly for
drawers and cupboard-doors and Fig. 2 shows the inside thereof. Fig. 3 is a
partial vertical section (corresponding to Fig. 1 but showing the bolt fully drawn

page_text: back) illustrating a modification of the device for pushing the bolt forward.
Fig. 4 is a horizontal section of a lock according to this invention, intended for
a hall-door. Fig. 5 is a vertical section illustrating a modified arrangement for
bringing the bolt forward, and Fig. 6 shows the inside of the lock represented in
Fig. 5. Fig. 7 shows the inside of another modification of a lock according to
this invention, and Fig. 8 shows a section of the same along the line 8-8 of
Fig. 7. Figs. 9 and 10 are respectively a front elevation and a side elevation of a
key such as used with the locks shown in the preceding figures.
In Figs. 1 to 4, 1 is the locking holt, 2 the bolt-spring, which tends to pull
the said bolt inwards, 3 and 4 the tumblers, and 5 the part that is connected with
the holt in order to push it forward. In the arrangements shown, the tumblers
are able to turn on a pivot 6; one tumbler 4 serves as a bar or stop, the others, 3, as
tumblers proper, having at one end apertures or gaps of a size proper for allowing
the locking bolt to enter into them when the tumblers are given the correct
position by the key. 7 are the springs that bring the tumblers into the normal
or locking positions. S is a stop limiting the movement of the bar 4. 99 are
guides for the tumblers. 10 is the key-hole.
In the arrangement shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the locking bolt 1 is guided in a
cylinder or the like 11 that is, if desired, closed at one end so as to serve as a
pneumatic stopper in order to stifle the sound produced on drawing back the
bolt. The part or arm 5, which turns on a pivot 12 fixed to the holt, is provided
with a shoulder 13 that is brought against the bolt when, the bolt being with-
drawn, the arm is brought into a position at right angles to the bolt. The arm
cannot, then, turn further, and the bolt is carried along when the arm is pushed
towards the edge of the drawer or door, and thus the bolt is carried into the
position for locking.
In the arrangement shown in Fig. 3 the arm 5 acts as a lever of the first
order. In this case the hole in the drawer or door, from which the arm 5 projects,
is provided with a fulcrum 61 for the arm and it is necessary merely to press or
the end of the arm 5 so that the latter turns on the said fulcrum in order to
push forward the bolt. In the arrangement shown in this figure, there is further
another fulcrum 62 for the arm 5, on which it may be turned for the purpose of
withdrawing the bolt if it happens to have become fastened by accident (see the
position of the arm indicated by dotted lines). In this figure the hole made
for the arm 5 is covered by metal 60 in order to form the said fulera 61 and 62.
In Fig. 3 there is shown, besides, a modified form of the arm 5. In this case
it is prolonged on the other side of the bolt and that end has the shape of a hook 14
which is located in a fixed eye 15 when the arm is in the position indicated by
full lines i.c., when the bolt is fully drawn back. The hole intended for the
pivot 12 must be oblong and the arm be acted upon by a spring 16 keeping one
end wall of the oblong hole pressed against the pivot 12 in order to ensure that
the hook 14 is located in the eye 15. From this construction it results that the
eye 15 sustains the whole stress when the arm 5 is employed in order to pull the
drawer outwards or to open the door. As a consequence of this arrangement
there will be no stress on the bolt in that case.
The hall-lock shown in Fig. 4 is made as a mortise-lock and its bolt can be
shot and withdrawn from both sides with keys. For this purpose the tumblers
are prolonged on the other side of the pivot 6 and the lock has another key-
hole 10 inside; the key intended for that hole may have the shape of a fixed
knob 17 as shown by dotted lines. In order to permit the holt to be shot from
the inner side, there is also an arm 5*, similar to the one 5 outside. In this
figure the arm 5 is shown to be acted upon by a spring 18 that pushes it into
the position indicated by full lines. The pneumatic stop shown in Fig. 2 is
omitted here, and there is only a guide-eye 19 and a stop 20 limiting the inward
motion of the bolt.
In the arrangement shown in Figs. 5 and 6 the operating part or arm has the
form of a push-knol) 21 fixed to one end of a rod 22 movable in a tube 23. The

page_text: rod 22 is provided with a slot 24 through which passes one arm 25 of a bell crank
lever turning on a fulcrum 26. In order to leave room for the arm 25, the
tube 23 is slotted at opposite sides at 27, 27. The other arm 28 of the hell crank
lever passes through a hole in a bracket 29 attached to the locking bolt. The
locking-bolt may be pushed forward by simply pressing the knob 21. The bolt
of this lock is thus both shot and withdrawn by pressing. In this figure the
bolt is shown as governed by an eye 30 and its inward movement is limited by
the guide-pieces 9 of the tumblers or by one of them. A plate of metal or
mount 31 is inserted in the wood; the plate having openings for the tube 23 as
well as for the key, it is easy to find, by help of it, where the key-hole is to be
made in the wood.
In the arrangement shown in Figs. 7 and 8 the tumblers are located at right
angles to the direction in which the bolt 1 moves, the bolt thus passing through
the gaps of the tumblers and over the bar 4 from the side, as shown by dotted
lines. The bar 4 and the tumblers 3-with the exception, it may be, of the one
located nearest to the bolt-have their ends bent, as shown, in order to come
close to the locking-bolt, but in other respects the disposition of the tumblers is
similar to that shown in Figs. 5 and 6. For pushing the bolt forward there is
used here, as well as in Figs. 5 and 6, a push-knob at the end of a rod 22 movable
in a tube 23. For the bell crank lever shown in Figs. 5 and 6 there is, however,
substituted a toothed segment 28* pivoted at 26* and provided with a slot 25*
in which engages a pin 24 fixed to the rod 22 and projecting through a slot 27*
in the tube 23. The toothed segment engages in a rack 29 attached to the
locking bolt 1, the bolt thus being pushed forward by pressing the knob 21;
if necessary the bolt also can be withdrawn by pulling the knob, the tumblers
being, of course, previously brought into the position for unlocking by means
of the key. The bolt is guided by an eye 30 and one fastening of the rack 29*
is shown as arranged so as to serve at the same time as a stop for the bolt by
striking against the eye 30*.
If the lock is to be used on a door that is to be opened by a handle from the
inside and locked by simply pushing the door the bolt being bevelled on one side
as usual, the whole lock is placed in a mortise in the door, or the door-post, or,
it may be, at the inside of the door or the post, as a spring-bolt, provided with a
projecting handle. Figs. 11 and 12 show a lock of this construction, Fig. 11
showing a section along the line 11-11 of Fig. 12 and Fig. 12 a section along
the line 12-12 of Fig. 11. The mechanism of the lock is shown as placed in a
casing 63, which may have the shape of a box and is movable in another
casing 64, fixed to the door or door post. The casing 63 has a handle 65 passing
through a slot 66 in the casing 64. 67 are slots in the casing 63 for the screws 68
fastening the casing 64 to the door or door-post; 69 are spring which are
fastened at one end to the casing 64 and at the other end to the casing 63 and
normally keep the casing 63 in the forward position, the handle 65 acting then as
a stop by abutting against the front end wall of the slot 66. The box-staple 70
is of an ordinary kind and the bolt 1 is bevelled on one side as usual. The door
may thus be unlocked from the inside by operating the handle 65 and locked
simply by pulling or pushing it, the bevelled bolt 1 then carrying-in the casing (3,
which is subsequently, together with the bolt, pushed forward by the springs 69.
For unlocking the door from the outside a key is employed as usual, but in order
that the lock shall afterwards operate in the desired manner when closing, it
is, necessary that the bolt should resume its advanced position automatically when
the key has been taken out of the lock. For this purpose the lock is so con-
structed that the bolt-spring, instead of being attached to a stationary part of
the casing of the lock, as in the preceding constructions, is attached to a movable
part that is acted upon by a spring fixed to the casing of the lock and acting in
the same direction as the bolt-spring. The said movable part must be so arranged
that it is pushed away when inserting the key for unlocking the door, so that
both the said springs are strained while bringing the tumblers to the correct

page_text: position and that the bolt-spring will subsequently draw in the bolt and thereby
unlock the door. The key being then removed, the spring attached to the casing
of the lock acts upon the movable- part and the latter brings the bolt outward
into the locking-position by pressing against a projection or shoulder on the
bolt; during this the bolt-spring is simultaneously slackened. In the example
shown, the movable part consists of a rack 33 movable in guides fixed to the
casing 63 and provided with parts 7.1 which project at both sides and to which
are attached two bolt-springs 2 as well as two springs 34 attached to the casing 63.
36 is the shoulder on the bolt against which acts a projection 72 on the rack 33
for the purpose of pushing the bolt forward into the locking-position. In the
rack gears a toothed segment 37 that is capable of turning on a pivot 32 fixed to
the casing 63 and projects into the path of the key so that the key, when inserted
into the key-hole 10, abuts against the said toothed segment 37 and turns it,
whereby the rack is withdrawn. The tumblers are made in the same manner as
described above except that two of the tumblers 3 (see Fig. 12) are separated from
the others in order to leave room for the toothed segment 37.
A modification of the lock just described is shown in Figs. 13 to 15 in the
shape of a mortise-lock. Fig. 13 shows a horizontal section through the lock
and box-staple along the line 13-13 of Fig. 14; Fig. 14 a vertical section along
the line 14 14 of Fig. 13; and Fig. 15 a section of the box-staple along the
line 15-15 of Fig. 14. In this lock the bolt is not bevelled nor is the casing
movable, but instead the box-staple is provided with a movable part having a
bevelled projection that is pushed aside by the bolt when the door is pushed to
and is brought back by springs when the bolt has reached its place and the door
is closed. In order to open the door from the inside it is necessary only to push
aside the movable part of the box-staple with the hand. In the example shown,
the movable part 39 of the box-staple moves in guides and from it extends a
bevelled projection 40 having its end properly shaped for rendering it easy to
push aside the movable part 39 with the hand. 41, 41 are the springs that
return the part 39 to its normal position. In the arrangement shown (which
may, however, be modified in many ways) the guides for the part 39
are made of two plates 42, 43 both provided with a gap 44 for the bolt. The
plate 42 is attached to the plate 45 fixed to the door-post as usual, and the plate 43
has its edges bent as seen at 46, 46 and 47, 47 and is fixed to 45 and 42.
this arrangement there is formed in a simple way guides for the part 39 between
the plates 42, 43 and the parts 46. The part 39 has projections 48 extending
beyond the parts 46 and the springs 41 are attached to the said projections 48
and to the plate 45 beyond the parts 46. The parts 47 are situated at such a
distance that they do not interfere with the springs when the part 39 is pushed
aside by the bolt or the hand. For guiding the part 39 when pushed aside as
well as to leave room for the projection 40, there is in the plate 43, and of course
also in the wood, a slot 49 the walls of which guide the projection 40.
By
The arrangement for operating the bolt by means of the key, also differs from
that shown in Figs. 11 and 12 though it is the same in principle. The movable
part in this case consists of a bell-crank lever turning on a shaft 32. To one
arm 33 of the said lever are attached the two springs, the bolt-spring 2 and
the spring 34 attached to the casing. On the guiding bar 35 of the bolt there
is a projection 36 or a shoulder, against which abuts the lever-arm 33 when
the bolt is pushed forward or in the locking-position. The other arm 37* of
the lever projects into the path of the key, so that the key, when being inserted
into the key-hole 10, touches the said arm 37 at a part provided for that purpose
and turns the bell-crank lever. The tumblers are made as described above.
When the key is inserted into the key-hole it arranges the tumblers and the
bar, as before described, and simultaneously acts on the lever arm 37* so that
it is turned aside. The two springs 2 and 34* are then stretched so that the
bolt spring 2 is strained when the key has reached the bottom and the tumblers
have been given the correct position. The bolt-spring then pulls the bolt in

page_text: and the door can be opened. At the subsequent removal of the key the spring 34*
comes into operation and the arm 33 of the bell-crank lever presses against the
projection 36 and again pushes the holt forward into the locking position. This
motion is not prevented by the holt spring as its fastening point on the arm 33*
is displaced simultaneously.
It may sometimes be advantageous to have a device that will prevent the bolt
from being pressed against the part 39 on the insertion of the key and thereby
causing friction and rendering the withdrawal of the bolt more difficult. As an
illustration of such a device there is shown a bolt 50 with a tapering, conical
or wedge-shaped end kept in a protruding position. by a spring 51 in order to
cause it to enter into a corresponding hole 52 in the part 39. The spring 5.1
must be of such a strength as to keep the bolt protruding when the necessary
pressure for inserting the key is applied to the door, but when a pressure stronger
than necessary is applied to the door it must give way so that the bolt then takes
up the said pressure. The bolt 50 has a projection 53 seized by the locking-bolt
when the latter bolt is withdrawn by the bolt-spring 2 so that the bolt 50 is
taken along and the door is free to be opened.
Although the locks as described above are practically proof against picking,
the lock shown in Figs. 13 and 14 is provided with a particular safety-device,
which may, however, be omitted. This safety-device may also, if desired, be
applied to the locks previously described. It consists of a bell-crank lever 54
(or other similar arrangement) that turns on a pivat 55 and is inserted in the
lock between the-key-hole and the tumblers, the arm 57 situated nearest to the
tumblers being by a spring or otherwise pressed forward between the key-hole 10
and the tumblers and being made of such a shape that it will be pushed out of
the way when the key is inserted into the key-hole, while the other arm 58 is
so formed as to be pressed forward before the key-hole 10 by the same operation.
To allow of this movement of the latter arm the key must be provided with a
perforation or indentation into which the end of the arm 58 can enter.
keys or other instruments not provided with an aperture corresponding to the
shape of the end of this arm in the particular lock will be unable to reach the
tumblers, being instead jammed tight in the hole when pushed into the latter.
When the lock is provided with the safety-device referred to, but a small number
of tumblers are needed to make it perfectly proof against picking, since the
tumblers located behind the nearest arm of the bell-crank lever will be out of
reach of picking-tools. Figs. 16 and 17 are an edge-view and a side view respec-
tively of a key intended for this lock. 59 is the aperture mentioned above.
38 signifies the part of the end of the key acting on the arm 37.
All
In the locks shown in the drawings there are exclusively used spiral springs,
but of course other springs can be used in lieu thereof.
Dated this 22nd day of October, 1896.
W. LLOYD WISE,
4G Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Chartered Patent Agent.
Improvements in Locks.
I, FREDRIK LEONARD ENQUIST, of Regeringsgatan No. 59, Stockholm, Sweden,
Mining Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:--
This invention relates to a lock with a bolt movable inward and outward and

page_text: acted on by a spring which tends to pull or draw the bolt inwards into the lock.
When the bolt is shot, this inward movement of the locking-bolt is prevented
by tumblers, bars, or other impediments arranged so that they extend beneath the
key-hole and come into contact with the key when the latter is inserted into
the key-hole and can be brought into position for unlocking. by simply pushing
the key into the lock, whereupon the locking-bolt will be withdrawn by the force
of the spring. In locking, the bolt is pushed outward the proper distance. by
means of an arm or other part connected with it directly or indirectly
and projecting through the side of the door or drawer, the tumblers
being subsequently returned to their initial positions in the ordinary
way by springs. The shape and arrangement of the tumblers are
such that, in order
for the inward motion of the
locking-bolt, they must be pushed through certain unequal, though deter-
mined distances. The arrangement may be so contrived that the tumblers will
prevent the bolt from moving inward whether they be pushed too far or not far
enough. One or more of the tumblers may be so made that it or they must be
left untouched i.e., so that, if moved but a very little out of place, they will cause
the bolt to remain shot and prevent it from being pulled in even though the
other tumblers be given the correct position. The simplest arrangement is to
make the tumblers to turn on a pivot, though tumblers arranged in another way-
for instance, straight-guided-can also be used.
to
leave room
For the purpose of operating the tumblers, the end of the key is provided with
steps The key may be made of any convenient shape, the simplest way, how-
ever, being to make it flat. By varying the depth of the steps and their relative
position as well as the shape of those parts of the tumblers which come into
contact with the corresponding steps of the key, any required number of differently
shaped keys may be produced. Instead of providing steps at the end of the key
for operating the tumblers, the key may for this purpose he provided with pro-
jections or inclined faces at its sides, or such projections may be arranged both
at the sides and at the end of the key.
When the lock is to be used on a door or gate and it is intended to be opened
by a key from the inside, the tumblers are prolonged on the other side of
their fulcrum and key-holes are placed symmetrically in relation to the said
fulcrum, so that the action of the key will be the same no matter from which
side of the door it is inserted.
Referring to the drawings filed with my Provisional Specification which show
various modes of carrying out the invention, Fig. 1 is a vertical section of a lock
intended particularly for drawers and cupboard-doors, and Fig. 2 shows the
inside thereof. Fig. 3 is a partial vertical section (corresponding to Fig. 1 but
showing the bolt fully drawn back) illustrating a modification of the device for
pushing the bolt forward. Fig. 4 is a horizontal section of a lock according to
this invention, intended for a hall door. Fig. 5 is a vertical section illustrating
a modified arrangement for bringing the bolt forward, and Fig. 6 shows the
inside of the lock represented in Fig. 5. Fig. 7 shows the inside of another
modification of a lock according to this invention, and Fig. 8 shows a section
of the same along the line 8-8 of Fig. 7. Figs. 9 and 10 are respectively a
front elevation and a side elevation of a key such as used with the locks shown
in the preceding figures. The remaining figures are hereinafter referred to.
In Figs. 1 to 4, 1 is the locking bolt, 2 the bolt-spring, which tends to pull
the said bolt inwards, 3 and 4 the tumblers, and 5 the part that is connected with
the bolt in order to push it forward. In the arrangements shown, the tumblers
are able to turn on a pivot 6; one tumbler 4 serves as a bar or stop, the others, 3, as
tumblers proper, having at one end apertures or gaps of a size proper for allowing
the locking bolt to enter into them when the tumblers are given the correct
position by the key. 7 are the springs that bring the tumblers into the normal
or locking positions. 8 is a stop limiting the movement of the bar 4. 99 are
guides for the tumblers. 10 is the key-hole.

page_text: In the arrangement shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the locking bolt 1 is guided in a
oylinder or the like 11 that is, if desired, closed at one end so as to serve as a
pneumatic stopper in order to stifle the sound produced on drawing back the
bolt. The part or arm 5, which turns on a pivot 12 fixed to the bolt, is provided
with a shoulder 13 that is brought against the belt when, the bolt being with-
drawn, the arm is brought into a position at right angles to the bolt. The arm
cannot, then, turn further, and the bolt is carried along when the arm is pushed
towards the edge of the drawer or door, and thus the bolt is carried into the
position for locking.
In the arrangement shown in Fig. 3 the arm 5 acts as a lever of the first
order. In this case the hole in the drawer or door, from which the arm 5 projects,
is provided with a fulcrum 61 for the arm and it is necessary merely to press on
the end of the arm 5 so that the latter turns on the said fulcrum in order to
push forward the bolt. In the arrangement shown in this figure, there is further
another fulcrum 62 for the arm 5, on which it may be turned for the purpose of
withdrawing the bolt if it happens to have become fastened by accident (see the
position of the arm indicated by dotted lines). In this figure the hole made
for the arm 5, is bushed by metal 60 in order to form the said fulera 61 and 62.
In Fig. 3 there is shown, besides, a modified form af the arn 5. In this case
it is prolonged on the other side of the bolt and that end has the shape of a hook 14
which is located in a fixed eye 15 when the arm is in the position indicated by
full lines i.e., when the bhlt is fully drawn back. The hole intended for the
pivot 12 must be oblong and the arm be acted upon by a spring 16 to keep one
end wall of the oblong hole pressed against the pivot 12 in order to ensure that
the hook 14 shall enter the eye 15. From this construction it results that the
oye 15 sustains the whole stress when the arm 5 is employed in order to pull the
drawer outwards, or to open the door, as the case may be. As a consequence of
this arrangement there will be no stress on the bolt in that case.
The hall-lock shown in Fig. 4 is made as a mortise-lock and its bolt can be with-
drawn from both sides of the door by suitable keys. For this purpose the tumblers are
prolonged on the other side of the pivot 6 and the lock has another key-hole 10" on
the inside of the door; the key intended for that hole may have the shape of a
knob 17 as shewn by dotted lines. In order to permit the bolt to be shot from
the inner side, there is also an arm 5*, similar to the one 5 outside. In this
figure the arm 5 is shown to be acted upon by a spring 18 that pushes it into
the position indicated by full lines. The pneumatic stop shown in Fig. 2 is
omitted here, and there is only a guide-eye 19 and a stop 20 for limiting the inward
motion of the bolt.
In the arrangement shown in Figs. 5 and 6 the operating part or arm has the
form of a push-knob 21 fixed to one end of a rod 22 movable in a tube 23. The
rod 22 is provided with a slot 24 through which passes one arm 25 of a bell crank
lever turning on a fulcrum 26. In order to leave room for the arm 25, the
tube 23 is slotted at opposite sides at 27, 27. The other arm 28 of the bell crank
lever passes through a hole in a bracket 29 attached to the locking bolt 1. The
locking bolt may be pushed forward by simply pressing the knob 21. The bolt
of this lock is thus both shot & withdrawn by pressing, being shot by pressing
the knob & withdrawn by pressing the key. In this figure the bolt is shown
as governed by an eye 30 and its inward movement is limited by the guide-
pieces 9 of the tumblers or by one of them. A plate of metal or mount 31 is
inserted in the wood; the plate having openings for the tube 23 as well as for
the key, it is easy to find, by help of it, where the key-hole is to be made in the
wood.
In the arrangement shown in Figs. 7 and 8 the tumblers are located at right
angles to the direction in which the bolt 1 moves, the bolt thus passing through
the gaps of the tumblers and over the bar 4 from the side, as shown by dotted
lines. The bar 4 and the tumblers 3-with the exception, it may be, of the one
located nearest to the bolt-have their ends bent, as shown, in order to come

page_text: close to the locking-bolt, but in other respects the disposition of the tumblers is
similar to that shown in Figs. 5 and 6. For pushing the bolt forward there is
used here, as well as in Figs. 5 and 6, a push-knob 21 at the end of a rod 22 movable
in a tube 23. For the bell crank lever shown in Figs. 5 and 6 there is, however,
substituted a toothed segment 28 pivoted at 26 and provided with a slot 25*
in which ougages a pin 24* fixed to the rod 22 and projecting through a slot 27*
in the tube 23. The toothed segment engages in a rack 29 attached to the
locking bolt 1, the bolt thus being pushed forward by pressing the knob 21;
if necessary the bolt also can be withdrawn by pulling the knob, the tumblers
being, of course, previously brought into the position for unlocking by means
of the key. The bolt is guided by an eye 30* and one fastening of the rack 29
is shown as arranged so as to serve at the same time as a stop for the bolt by
striking against the eye 30*.
If the lock is to be used on a door that is to be opened by a handle from the
inside and locked by simply pushing the door the bolt being bevelled on one side
as usual, the whole lock is placed in a mortise in the door, or, it may be, at the
inside of the door, as a spring-bolt, provided with a projecting handle. Figs. 11
and 12 show a lock of this construction, Fig. 11 showing a section along the
line 11-11 of Fig. 12 and Fig. 12 a section along the line 12-12 of Fig. 11.
The mechanism of the lock is shown as placed in a casing 63, which may have
the shape of a box and is movable in another casing 64 fixed to the door, which,
in the example shown, opens outwardly. The casing 63 has a handle 65 passing
through a slot 66 in 'the casing 64. 67 are slots in the casing 63 for the screws 68
for fastening the casing 64 to the door; 69 are springs which are fastened at
one end to the casing 64 and at the other end to the casing 63 and normally
keep the casing 63 in the forward position, the handle 65 acting then as a stop
by abutting against the front end wall of the slot 66. The box-staple 70 is of
an ordinary kind and the bolt 1 is bevelled on one side as usual. The door may
thus be unlocked from the inside by operating the handle 65 and locked simply
by pulling or pushing it, the bevelled bolt 1 being thereby pushed inwards by
the box-staple 70 & carrying with it the casing 63, which is subsequently,
together with the bolt, pushed forward by the springs 69. For unlocking the
door from the outside a key is employed as usual, but in order that the lock
shall afterwards operate in the desired manner when closing, it is necessary that
the bolt should resume its advanced position automatically when the key has
been taken out of the lock. For this purpose the lock is so constructed that the
bolt-spring, instead of being attached to a stationary part of the casing of the
lock, as in the preceding constructions, is attached to a movable part that is
acted upon by a spring fixed to the casing of the lock and acting in the same
direction as the bolt-spring. The said movable part must be so arranged that
it is pushed away when inserting the key for unlocking the door, so that both
the said springs are strained while bringing the tumblers to the correct position
and that the bolt-spring will subsequently draw in the bolt and thereby unlock
the door. The key being then removed, the spring attached to the casing of
the lock acts upon the movable part and the latter brings the bolt outward into
the locking-position by pressing against a projection or shoulder on the bolt;
during this the bolt-spring is simultaneously slackened. In the example shown,
the movable part consists of a rack 33 movable in guides fixed to the casing 63
and provided with parts 71 which project at both sides and to which are
attached two bolt-springs 2 as well as two springs 34 attached to the casing 63.
36 is the shoulder on the bolt against which acts a projection 72 on the rack 33
for the purpose of pushing the bolt forward into the locking-position. In the
rack gears a toothed segment 37 that is capable of turning on a pivot 32 fixed
to the casing 63 and projects into the path of the key so that the key, when
inserted into the key-hole 10, abuts against the said toothed segment 37 and
turns it, whereby the rack is withdrawn. The tumblers are made in the same

page_text: manner as described above except that two of the tumblers 3 (see Fig. 12) are
separated from the others in order to leave room for the toothed segment 37.
A modification of the lock just described is shown in Figs. 13 to 15 in the
shape of a mortise-lock. Fig. 13 shows a horizontal section through the lock
and box-staple along the line 13-13 of Fig. 14; Fig. 14 a vertical section along
the line 14-14 of Fig. 13; and Fig. 15 a section of the box-staple along the
line 15-15 of Fig. 14. In this lock the bolt is not bevelled nor is the casing
movable, but instead the box-staple is provided with a movable part having a
bevelled projection that is pushed aside by the bolt when the door is pushed to
and is brought back by springs when the bolt has reached its place and the door
is closed. In order to open the door from the inside it is necessary only to push
aside the movable part of the box-staple with the hand. In the example shown
the movable part 39 of the box-staple moves in guides and from it extends a
bevelled projection 40 having its end properly shaped for rendering it easy to
push aside the movable part 39 with the hand. 41, 41 are the springs that
return the part 39 to its normal position. In the arrangement shown (which
may, however, be modified in many ways) the guides for the part 39
are made of two plates 42, 43 both provided with a gap 44 for the bolt.
plate 42 is attached to the plate 45 fixed to the door-post as usual, and the plate 43
By
has its edges bent as seen at 46, 46, and 47, 47 and is fixed to 45 and 42.
this arrangement there is formed in a simple way guides for the part 39 between
the plates 42, 43 and the parts. 40. The part 39 has projections 48 extending
beyond the parts 46 and the springs 41 are attached to the said projections 48
and to the plate 45 beyond the parts 46. The parts 47 are situated at such a
distance that they do not interfere with the springs when the part 39 is pushed
aside by the bolt or the hand. For guiding the part 39 when pushed aside as
well as to leave room for the projection 40, there is in the plate 43, and of course
also in the wood, a slot 49 the walls of which guide the projection 40.
The
The arrangement for operating the holt by means of the key, also differs from
that shown in Figs. 11 and 12 though it is the-same in principle. The movable
To one
part in this case consists of a bell-crank lever turning on a shaft 32.
arm 33 of the said lever are attached the two springs, viz., the bolt-spring 2 and
the spring 34 attached to the casing. On the guiding bar 35 of the bolt there
is a projection 36 or a shoulder, against which abuts the lever-arm 33* when
the bolt is pushed forward or in the locking-position. The other arm 37 of
the lever projects into the path of the key, so that the key, when being inserted
into the key hole 10, acts upon the said arm 37* at a part provided for that purpose
and turns the bell-crank lever. The tumblers are made as described above.
When the key is inserted into the key-hole it arranges the tumblers and the
bar, as before described, and simultaneously acts on the lever arm 37* so that
it is turned aside. The two springs 2 and 34 are then stretched so that the
bolt spring 2 is strained when the key has reached the bottom and the tumblers
have been given the correct position. The bolt-spring then pulls the bolt in
and the door can be opened. At the subsequent removal of the key the spring 34*
comes into operation and the arm 33* of the bell-crank lever presses against the
projection 36 and again pushes the bolt forward into the locking position. This
motion is not prevented by the bolt spring as its fastening point on the arm 33*
is displaced simultaneously.
As an
It may sometimes be advantageous to have a device that will prevent the bolt
from being pressed against the part 39 on the insertion of the key and thereby
causing friction and rendering the withdrawal of the bolt more difficult.
illustration of such a device there is shown a bolt 50 with a tapering, conical
or wedge-shaped end kept in a protruding position by a spring 51 in order to
cause it to enter into a corresponding hole 52 in the part 39. The spring 51
must be of such a strength as to keep the bolt protruding when the necessary
pressure for inserting the key is applied to the door, but when a pressure stronger
than necessary is applied to the door it must give way so that the bolt then takes

page_text: up the said pressure. The bolt 50 has a projection 53 that is, seized by the
locking bolt when the latter bolt is withdrawn by the bolt-spring 2 so that the
bolt 50 is taken along and the door is free to be opened.
Instead of letting the bolt enter the gap of tumblers mounted on a fixed pivot,
the reverse arrangement may be used that is to say there may be used a pivot
fixed to the bolt and tumblers having their gaps turned the reverse way and
abutting against a rail fixed to the casing.
Figs. 18 and 19 of the accompanying drawings are respectively a vertical
section and an inside view, showing a lock in which such an arrangement is used.
The lock is similar to the lock shown in Figs. 5 and 6 with the exception that
the tumblers 3 are fitted in an open slot in the lock bolt and the pivot 6 carried
by the bolt. 1 is a rail fixed in the casing. The guide eye 30 for the bolt 1 is
cut in two to leave room for the tumblers. 8, 8 are the stops for the key. The
remaining reference numerals denote the same or equivalent parts to those to
which similar reference numbers are applied in Figs. 5 and 6.
The operating part or arm 21 or 5 that is connected to the locking bolt and
protrudes from the lock and by means of which a person is capable of seeing or
feeling by the hand whether the lock is open or closed, and in the former case can
lock it simply by a pressure of the finger without the necessity of using the key,
can obviously be applied to other kinds of locks than the locks herein above
described.
Although the locks as described above are practically proof against picking,
the lock shown in Figs. 13 and 14 is provided with a particular safety-device,
which may, however, be omitted. This safety-device may also, if desired, be
applied to the locks herein previously described. It consists of a bell-crank lever 54
(or other similar arrangement) that turns on a pivot 55 and is inserted in the
lock between the key-hole and the tumblers, the arm 57 situated nearest to the
tumblers being by a spring or otherwise pressed forward between the key-hole 10
and the tumblers and being made of such a shape that it will be pushed out of
the way when the key is inserted into the kev-hole, while the other arm 58 is
so formed as to be pressed forward before the key-hole 10 by the same operation.
To allow of this movement of the latter arm the key must be provided with a
perforation or indentation into which the end of the arm 58 can enter. All
keys or other instruments not provided with an aperture corresponding to the
shape of the end of this-arm in the particular lock will be unable to reach the
tumblers, being instead jammed tight in the hole when pushed into the latter.
When the lock is provided with the safety-device referred to, but a small number
of tumblers are needed to make it perfectly proof against picking, since the
tumblers located behind the nearest arm of the bell-crank lever will be out of
reach of picking-tools. Figs. 16 and 17 are an edge-view and a side view respec-
tively of a key intended, for this lock, and 59 is the aperture therein mentioned
above. 38 signifies the part of the end of the key acting on the arm 37.
In the locks shown in the drawings there are exclusively used spiral springs,
but of course other springs can be used in lieu thereof.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said in-
vention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:
1. A lock comprising a locking bolt movable outward and inward in a casing,
a spring or springs tending to pull the bolt inward in the unlocked or inoperative
position, tumblers adapted to be brought by springs into a position to hold the
bolt in its outward and operative position and to be moved into position to release
the bolt by a key pushed rectilinearly through the key-hole and
an operating part directly or indirectly connected with the locking
bolt in such a manner that the bolt will be pushed outward into its locking or
operative position by actuating the said operating part directly or indirectly by
hand, substantially as herein described for the purpose set forth.

page_text: 2. In a bolt-lock, an operating part that is directly or indirectly connected
with the bolt in such a manner that it will be moved out from the face of the
drawer, door or the like when the bolt is moved inwards into the lock, and by
means of which the bolt can be moved back into its locking or operative position
by hand, substantially as herein described for the purpose set forth.
3. The improved locks constructed, arranged and operating substantially as
hereinbefore described with reference respectively to and shown in Figs. 1 and 2;
in Fig. 3; in Fig. 4; in Figs. 5 and 6; in Figs. 7 and 8; in Figs. 11 and 12;
in Figs. 13, 14 and 15; and in Figs. 18 and 19 of the drawings.
Dated this 23rd day of August, 1897.
Bor the Applicant
W. LLOYD WISE,
46 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Chartered Patent Agent.