IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF MANURE
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Alexander Manning, of the Inner Temple,
in the County of Middlesex, Esquire, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF MANURE."
Sealed the 30th July 1858, and dated the 1st February 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Alexander Manning
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 1st February 1858.
I, JAMES ALEXANDER MANNING, of the Inner Temple, in the County of
Middlesex, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF MANURE," to be as
follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture or production of manures. or
fertilising agents from sewerage liquids in combination with the dry wastes of
towns. The sewerage flow is collected and treated with alum sludge, or its
chemical equivalents, or some of them, and the supernatant liquid is permitted
to flow away in a clarified condition. The solid or semi-fluid matter resulting
from this treatment is then deposited. in a proper receptacle and mingled with
any dry wastes or refuse of towns, including all those matters, such as street
droppings and mud, ashes, and fecal matters, substances which do not
necessarily form a part of the sewerage discharge. This mixture produces a
solid, easily portable, fertiliser of great agricultural value.
The sewerage

page_text: may be primarily treated in other ways or by other chemical agents, the
essential object of the present Invention being the application or employment
of sewerage matter in combination with the dry wastes of towns in the manu-
facture of manures. The alum sludge, or its chemical equivalents, is or may
be combined with lime or chloroform, refuse charcoal, and other matters.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Alexander Manning in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 31st July 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
ALEXANDER MANNING, of the Inner Temple, in the County of Middlesex,
Esquire, send greeting.
'
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first-year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said James Alexander Manning, Her special license that I, the said
James Alexander Manning, my.executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said James Alexander Manning, my executors, administrators,
or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF
MANURE," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said James
Alexander Manning, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Alexander Manning, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, that is to say:―
My said Invention relates to the manufacture or production of manures or
fertilising agents from sewerage liquors in combination with the dry wastes
of towns.

page_text: According to this Invention, I propose to collect the sewerage flow in suitable
tanks or reservoirs, and theré .mix it, for the purpose of precipitating the solid:
matters, with alum sludge, or its chemical equivalents, prepared in the manner
described in the Specification of my Patent for "Improvements in the:
treatment of sewerage," bearing date the Seventh of August, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-five, or in any other convenient manner. The super->
natent and clarified liquid is then permitted to flow off, and may be advan-
tageously employed for the irrigation of land. The remaining solid or semi-
fluid matter resulting from the treatment above referred to, is then deposited
in a suitable receptacle, and mingled with the dry wastes or refuse of towns,
including refuse matter from manufactories, and all those matters contained
in the house dust-bins, or pits, privies, or middens, such as ashes, decayed
refuse vegetable matter, fecal matter, and also, if found advantageous, the
sweepings, droppings, and offal of roads, streets, and markets, and other refuse
matters of a fertilising nature which do not form a part of the ordinary
sewerage discharge.
To facilitate the formation of this mixture into matter sufficiently solid for
carting, the refuse matters, before being added to the sewerage, may be more
or less ground or pulverised if found desirable. By this means a solid easily
portable fertiliser, of great agricultural value, will be obtained.
I do not confine myself, however, to the method described in my Specifi-
cation herein-before referred to, for precipitating the solid constituents of the
sewerage, as it may be primarily treated for the purpose of precipitation
in other ways, or by other chemical agents; the essential feature of my present
Invention being the application or employment, in the manufacture of manure,
of the solid portions of sewerage, produced by suitable precipitating agents,
and subsequently mixing them with the dry wastes of towns, whereby a speedy
removal is effected of those matters which, when allowed to remain for a length
of time in the areas of London houses, or the immediate neighbourhood of
dwelling houses, generally tend greatly to deteriorate the sanitary condition of
a town.
The alum sludge, or its chemical equivalents, may be combined, if found
desirable, with refuse charcoal and other matters.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict
myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to
describe or refer to, as variations may be made therefrom without deviating
from the principles or main features of my said Invention; but what I consider

page_text: to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me
by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First, the general system or mode of preparing manure from sewerage
matter and dry waste, as herein-before described.
Second, the combination of the dry wastes of towns with the solid portions
of sewerage, obtained by precipitation, for the purpose of producing a manure
or fertilising agent, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Alexander Manning, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of July, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-eight.
JAMES ALEX. MANNING. (L.S.)
JAMES ALEX. MANNING. (L.S.)