COKE AND GAS KILNS
Year: 1858

page_text: Sealed the 1st March 1859, and dated the 14th September 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joze Luis at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
September 1858.
I, JOZE LUIS, Patent Agent, of No. 1, Welbeck Street, Cavendish Square,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "COKE AND GAS KILNS," (a communication to me from a foreigner residing
abroad,) to be as follows:
. These kilns are for the conversion of small coal into coke for the extraction
of gas,, coal tar, and ammoniacal waters.
The kilns which are preferable for smith's coal are of a horizontal form,
being one yard in width & six yards in length, and the height of the pit coal
in the oven about twenty inches.
For the coal between smith's coal and glance coal a kiln of the same length
is used, but the width in this case is only twenty-seven inches instead of one
yard.
And, lastly, for the glance or close burning coal and stone coal, or for a

page_text: mixture of glance coal and smith's coal, or stone coal, vertical kilns must be
used of a quadrangular or rectangular form, holding a quantity of coal, which
sinks of its own weight, or is pressed down, and is heated by tubes surrounding
the entire circumference.
The operation of carbonisation is as follows:-In all these cases the kilns
are furnished with the same apparatus for conducting the volatile products, of
which the greater part becomes condensed, and is thus collected. The fol-
lowing explication is applicable to each of the above-mentioned kilns. As
soon as the introduction of the coal has taken place, care must be taken to
lute the doors of the furnace.
During the first part of the operation, and while the coal is becoming a
paste, the volatile products which escape are only vapour from water.
The vapours which escape, by the issues left open, and then enter the
chimney, after having passed through the different tubes which surround the
furnace,
To cause this first operation of carbonisation to proceed quicker, hot air is
introduced in the interior of the furnace by openings for that purpose.
-
This operation lasts generally one hour; the communications are then shut
by means of a cap as well as the introductions of hot air, and the products,
volatile, which escape from the coal in fusion enter into the pump chamber,
raising the obturator or closing apparatus, the edges or feet. of which rest in
coal tar collected in the vessels, the coal tar furnishing a perfect lute. These
products, volatile, are drawn up by a machine which operates in such a manner
as to preserve always an equilibrium in pressure; the products, volatile,
traverse the pump chamber, leaving in condensation a large part of the coal
tar and of the ammoniacal waters, they pass through the condenser, where they
debarass themselves of the rest of the coal tar & enter into one of the bell
receivers of the machine, and are gathered in a gasometer, but passing of
course through purifiers when intended for gas for burning.
A pipe leading from the gasometer brings a sufficient quantity to each oven
or kiln to heat the interior mantel; the quantity is regulated by the obturator
according to the requirements of heating. The gas circulates in the tubes
surrounding the coal to be carbonised, and receives by the openings the hot
air necessary to the combustion. This operation continues generally eighteen
hours, as long as the coal contains hydro-chloride; then the same proceeding
which was performed at the commencement of the operation is repeated; the
obturator is lowered, the communicators opened, and the introduction of hot
air established. The operation terminates by introducing in the interior of
the retort, containing the coal, a very high temperature which destroys the
..

page_text: bituminous parts which are condensed on the vault of the furnace and on the
upper part of the coal. By a sight plate arranged in one of the doors of the
furnace the workman can see from time to time how the carbonisation is
going on, and, when he perceives that nothing is given off except a few small
blue flames, which is the hydrogen burning, he can empty the furnace with a
machine for that purpose. The liquid contained in the pump chambers and
in the condenser are drawn off into recepticals, whence they are withdrawn to
be rectified.
From the ammoniacal waters sulfates of ammonia are made, & from the
coal tar light oils are made for burning, and heavy oils used for painting and
the preservation of wood, and last of all is the residue of coal tar.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joze Luis in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
March 1859.
12th
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOZE LUIS,
Patent Agent, of No. 1", Welbeck St., Cavendish Sqre, London, in the County
of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Joze Luis, Her special licence that I, the said Joze Luis, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Joze Luis, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "COKE AND GAS KILNS," (a communication,)
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Joze Luis, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joze Luis, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,

page_text: to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
and accompanying Drawings (that is to say):
These kilns are for the conversion of small coal into coke for the extraction
of gas, coal tar, and ammoniacal waters.
The kilns which are preferable for smith's coal are of a horizontal form,
being one yard in width & six yards in length, and the height of the pit coal
in the oven about twenty inches.
For the coal between smith's coal and glance coal a kiln of the same length
is used, but the width in, this case is only twenty-seven inches instead of one
yard.
And, lastly, for the glance or close burning coal and stone coal, or for a
mixture of glance coal and smith's coal, or stone coal, vertical kilns must be
used of a quadrangular or rectangular form, holding a quantity of coal, which
sinks of its own weight, or is pressed down and is heated by tubes surrounding
the entire circumference.
The operation of carbonisation is as follows:-In all these cases the kilns
are furnished with the same apparatus for conducting the volatile products, of
which the greater part becomes condensed, and is thus collected.
The following explanation is applicable to each of the above-mentioned
kilns, the letters in the Drawings referring to the same objects in each Figure.
As soon as the introduction of the coal has taken place, care must be taken
to lute the doors A of the furnace.
During the first part of the operation, and while the coal is becoming a
paste, the volatile products which escape are only vapour from water; these
vapours escape by the only issues b left open, and then enter the chimney c,
after having passed through the different tubes which surround the furnace;
these tubes are indicated in the Drawings by blue arrows. To cause this
first operation of carbonisation to proceed quicker hot air is introduced in the
interior of the furnace by the openings e for that purpose; this operation lasts
generally one hour. The communications are then shut by means of a cap f,
as well as the introductions for hot air e, and the volatile products which
escape from the coal in fusion enter into the pump chamber y, raising the
obturator or closing apparatus h, the edges of which rest in coal tar collected
in the vessels y, the coal tar furnishing a perfect lute. These volatile products
are drawn up by the machine I, which operates in such a manner as to
preserve always an equilibrium in pressure at o, the volatile products traverse
the pump chamber, leaving in condensation a large part of the coal tar, and
of the ammonical waters; they pass through the condensor K, where they
debarass themselves of the rest of the coal tar, & enter into one. of the bell

page_text: receivers of the machine I, and are gathered in a gasometer, but passing of
course through purifiers P when intended for gas for burning. A pipe m
leading from the gasometer brings a sufficient quantity to each oven or kiln;
the quantity is regulated by the obturator n, according to the requirements
of heating. The gas circulates in the tubes d, surrounding the coal to be
carbonised, and receives by the openings o the hot air necessary to the com-
bustion. This operation continues generally eighteen hours, as long as the
coal contains hydrocarburet; then the same proceeding which was performed
at the commencement of the operation is repeated, the obturator his lowered.
the communicators b opened, and the introduction e of hot air established.
The operation terminates by introducing in the interior of the retort containing
the coal a very high temperature, which destroys the bituminous particles
which are condensed on the vault of the furnace, and on the upper part of the
coal. By a sight plate arranged in one of the doors of the furnace the workman
can from time to time see how the carbonisation is going on, and when he
perceives that nothing is given off except a few small blue flames he can empty
the furnace with a machine X for that purpose. The blue flame is the
hydrogen burning. The liquid contained in the pump chambers and in the
condenser are drawn off into recepticals. whence they are withdrawn to be
rectified. From the ammoniacal waters sulphates of ammonia are made, &
from the coal tar light oils are made for burning, & heavy oils used for
painting and the preservation of wood, and last of all is the residue of
coal tar.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joze Luis, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twelfth day of March in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
J. LUIS. (L.S.)