IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SCUDDING OR PURING SKINS OR HIDES
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Turner, of Lenton, in the County of
Nottingham, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
SCUDDING OR PURING SKINS OR HIDES."
Sealed the 6th August 1872, and dated the 31st May 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Turner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st May 1872.
I, CHARLES TURNER, of Lenton, in the County of Nottingham, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR SCUDDING OR PURING SKINS OR HIDES," to be as follows:-
The machines heretofore constructed have failed in performing the
operations for which they were designed, inasmuch as the grease and
dirt have been left in or on the skins or hides. Now I propose to
scud and clean skins or hides by a machine constructed in manner
following: There are two end standards which are connected together
by suitable framing; the standards have bearings bolted to them to
receive the axle of a cylinder of the usual construction, which cylinder
is caused to revolve between the standards by a belt which is passed

page_text: round a fast pulley on one end of the axle, and also round a drum
on a main driving shaft above the machine. There is a second axle
at the back of but higher than the axle of the cylinder, which second
axle revolves in bearings which form part of or are attached to a frame
which is capable of adjustment between the standards, and is carried
by an axle at each end on the inside of each standard. This second
axle is provided with three or more pairs of bosses on each side the
centre of its length; from each boss three or other number of short
arms or studs project, and each pair of bosses are secured on the axle
in such relation to each other that when one end of a brush is secured
to one of the arms of one boss, and the other end of the brush to one
of the arms of another boss, the said brush will lie in such an inclined
position on the axle that the one end of the brush secured on the next
adjoining pair of bosses will overlap the end of the brush carried by the
first pair. Each arm or stud of each boss has one end of a brush secured
to it; when the whole of the brushes are secured in position one half
of them will lie with their right ends pointing upwards to the right
of the machine, and the other half will lie with their left ends pointing
upwards to the left of the machine. The brush axle is caused to revolve
in the same way as the cylinder axle, but making sixty or more re-
volutions to one revolution of the cylinder. Both axles are each
provided with a loose pulley, and with means to traverse both belts
to start or stop the machine. The brush axle frame is furnished with
a lever by which the attendant can throw the brushes clear of the
cylinder. Springs or other equivalent means are provided to hold the
brush axle frame where placed, and levers are attached to the frame
to carry weights, whereby to adjust the pressure of the brushes on the
cylinder.
•
The scudding and cleaning of the skins or hides is effected as
follows:- The workman swings the brushes clear of the cylinder,
and drops the skins or hide between them, and lays the edge nearest
him on the cylinder, he then lowers the brushes and starts the machine;
the grease and dirt abstracted by the brushes is thrown clear of the
skin or hide by the brushes being set at reverse angles on their axis,
thereby cleansing the skin or hide in a more effectual manner than has
been heretofore attained.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said Charles Turner in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 23rd November 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
TURNER, of Lenton, in the County of Nottingham, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Charles Turner, Her special licence that
I, the said Charles Turner, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Charles Turner, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SCUDDING
OR PURING SKINS OR HIDES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Charles Turner, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said In-
vention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Turner, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings
forming a part of this Specification :—
The machines heretofore constructed have failed in performing the
operations for which they were designed, inasmuch as the grease and
dirt have been left in or on the skins or hides. Now I propose to scud
and clean skins or hides by a machine constructed in manner following:--
There are two end standards which are connected together by suitable
framing; the standards have bearings bolted to them to receive the

page_text: axle of a cylinder of the usual construction, which cylinder is caused
to revolve between the standards by a belt which is passed round a
fast pulley on one end of the axle, and also round a drum on a main
driving shaft above the machine. There is a second axle at the
back of but higher than the axle of the cylinder, which second axle
revolves in bearings which form part of or are attached to a frame
which is capable of adjustment between the standards, and is carried
by an axle at each end. On the inside of each standard this second
axle is provided with three or more pairs of bosses on each side the
centre of its length; from each boss three or other number of short
arms or studs project, and each pair of bosses are secured on the axle
in such relation to each other that when one end of a brush is secured
to one of the arms of one boss, and the other end of the brush to one
of the arms of another boss, the said brush will lie in such an inclined
position on the axle that the one end of the brush secured on the next
adjoining pair of bosses will overlap the end of the brush carried by
the first pair. Each arm or stud of each boss has one end of a brush
secured to it; when the whole of the brushes are secured in position
one half of them will lie with their right ends pointing upwards to
the right of the machine, and the other half will lie with their left
ends pointing upwards to the left of the machine. The brush axle
is caused to revolve in the same way as the cylinder axle, but making
sixty or more revolutions to one revolution of the cylinder; both axles
are each provided with a loose pulley, and with means to traverse both
belts to start or stop the machine. The brush axle frame is furnished
with a lever by which the attendant can throw the brushes clear of
the cylinder. Springs or other equivalent means are provided to hold
the brush axle frame where placed, and levers are attached to the frame
to carry weights, whereby to adjust the pressure of the brushes on the
cylinder.
:―
The scudding and cleaning of the skins or hides is effected as
follows The workman swings the brushes clear of the cylinder,
and drops the skin or hide between them, and lays the edge nearest
him on the cylinder, he then lowers the brushes and starts the machine;
the grease and dirt abstracted by the brushes is thrown clear of the

page_text: I propose to scud and clean skins or hides by means of a machine
constructed as shewn at Figures 1 to 9. Figure 1 represents a front
view of the machine, having portion of a cylinder C¹ broken away the
better to enable the arrangement of certain brushes to be seen; Figure 2
is an end view; Figure 3, a sectional view of the machine, and Figures 4
to 9, views of various portions of the machine hereafter referred to.
A, A, are two end standards which are connected together by a tie
bar B; each standard has a bearing C bolted to it to receive the axlo
of a cylinder C¹; the holes in each bearing through which the holding
down bolts pass are slotted, so as to enable the cylinder to be adjusted
horizontally to follow up the wearing away of the brushes; the axle
of the cylinder projects beyond the standard at the right end of the
machine, and has secured on it a pulley D below and at the back of
the cylinder; an axle projects from each standard; these axles, which
face each other, and are parallel with the cylinder, carry a frame con-
structed as follows:-There are two arms E, E, which are held parallel
to each other by an angle bar E' secured near their lower ends, and
a rod E at their upper ends, the arms E, E, form bearings for a second
axle F which is provided with three or more pairs of bosses F¹, F¹, at
the right of the centre of the frame, and also three or more pairs of
bosses F, F, at the left of the centre; from each boss a number of
slotted arms project; each pair of bosses F¹, F', and F2, F2, are secured
on the axle F in such relative position to each other that when one
end of a brush F is secured to one of the arms of one boss F¹, and
the other end of the brush is secured to one of the arms of another
boss F, the said brush will lic in such an inclined position on the
axle that one end of the brush secured on the next adjoining pair
of bosses will overlap the end of the brush carried by the first pair; cach
arm is slotted a portion of its length, and has one end of a brush
) secured to it by means of a screw bolt, which is passed through the
slot and a hole in the block of the brush, the bolt being tightened by
a nut.
When the whole of the brushes are secured in position one half of
them will lie with their right ends pointing upwards towards the right
of the machine, and the other half will lie with their left ends pointing
upwards towards the left of the machine, the brushes successively
pressing upon the cylinder as they revolve, as seen at Figure 1,
where one set of brushes are shewn secured in position on one pair

page_text: of bosses on the right, and another set of brushes secured to a pair of
bosses on the left of the centre of the brush frame.
In Figure 1 the brushes are shewn lying at about an angle of
twenty-five degrees to the sides of the bosses F¹, F¹; one such boss
is shewn in side view at Figure 4, and an edge view at Figure 5;
Figure 6 is a sectional view of one of the brushes F which lie at an
angle to the centre of the axle F when carried by bosses of the shape
seen at Figure 4.
The brushes may be placed at any angle from twenty-five to forty-
five degrees with the sides of the bosses, and the bosses may be con-
structed as shewn at Figure 7, where part of a boss F is seen having
its arms set at an angle of thirty-five degrees to its side, and also at
such an angle to the axle that brushes F of the shape shewn in
section at Figure 7, when secured in position, will radiate from the
centre of the axle.
Each brush is capable of adjustment to or from the surface of the
cylinder C¹, by means of the slots in the arms of the bosses. The
brush frame is likewise capable of adjustment to or from the cylinder
by the following means:-On the inner side of each standard a block
His cast, upon which blocks the ends of set screws I rest, one such
screw being passed through each of the two arms E, E, of the brush
frame, which is pressed forcibly towards the cylinder by means of
two springs H', seen at Figures 2 and 3, a back view and edge view
of one such spring being shewn at Figures 9, one spring being secured
to the back of each standard. The axle of the brushes is provided at
the left end with a fast pulley F and a loose pulley F°, a belt from
any prime mover being passed round the fast pulley will communicate
motion to the machine, or instead of the pulleys the axle may be
furnished with a fly wheel and handle so as to operate the machine
by manual labour; the right outer end of the axle F carries a pulley G
round which a belt is passed, the belt being also passed round a larger
pulley G which revolves on an axle on the outside of, and is supported
by the right end standard; the pulley G¹ carries a pulley D¹ round which
a belt is passed, which also passes round the pulley D on the axle of the
cylinder. The pulleys G, G, D, D, are in such relative proportion to each
other that when the machine is in motion two brushes will be passed

page_text: over each inch of surface of the cylinder; both brushes and cylinder
revolve towards the workman.
Figure 2 represents the machine in position for operating upon a skin
or hide; such operation being finished the brushes and frame are moved
back clear of the cylinder to enable the workman to place another skin
or hide between the cylinder and the brushes, which is effected by
moving a lever E³ to the left; this lever rocks on an axle at its lower
end carried by the angle bar E¹, the lever is slotted to receive a pin
which is secured in a bar K which slides upon and is supported by
the standards A, A. The bar K is wedge-shaped at the back near
each end, as seen in plan at Figure 8, which shews the brush frame
arms E, E, and lever E³ in section in their relative position when
the machine is at work%; when the lever E³ is moved to the left tho
wedges on the bar K will drive back the frame, the front of the bar K
being supported by projections on the top of the standards A, A; the
bar K carries a fork, shewn by dotted lines at the left end of Figure 1,
for moving the driving belt when the machine is at work, the arms
are held clear of the bar K by the set screws I.
Toothed gearing wheels may be substituted instead of the belts and
pulleys to drive the machine, in which case the axle carrying the pulleys
D¹, G', will not be required; but instead of it the axle carrying the
right end of the brush frame will require to be passed through [the
standard A, and project outwards so as to carry two toothed wheels,
the four wheels being in the same relative proportion as the pulleys
shewn.
When scudding or puring skins or hides by means of a machine
constructed as above described, the workman throws back the brush
frame and brushes and spreads one edge of the skin or hide upon the
cylinder, allowing the remainder of the skin or hide to hang down
between the brushes and the cylinder; the handle E' is then moved
to the right, the brushes are pressed forward, revolving towards the
operator, and as the cylinder gradually draws the skin or hide up
towards him, the brushes effectually brush out the grease and other
impurities which, through the centrifugal force of the brushes, is thrown
onto the ground or into a receptacle placed to receive it.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim, the employ-
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim, the employ-

page_text: ment of machinery constructed substantially as herein-before described
for scudding or puring skins or hides.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Turner, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this
thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
day of
Onc
Witness,
H. W. GOUGH, C.E.,
Nottingham.
CHARLES TURNER. (L.S.)