Year: 1886

page_text: We, GEORGE ABRAHAM GOODWIN, and WILLIAM FIELD How, both of
2 Victoria Mansions, in the City of Westminster, Engineers, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to ladles or crucibles such as are commonly used in
foundries for pouring molten metal for the production of castings, and consists in a
modification in the construction of such ladles or crucibles whereby the metal may
be poured free from scoria or other dross from the bottom of the ladle, and still
with the facilities and advantages attached to the usual top pouring, whilst at the
same time the surface of the molten metal in the ladle may be protected from
radiation as is usual by the accumulation on the surface of dross, slag, sand or
ashes, which by our improve construction is prevented from entering the mould
along with the molten metal.
To carry out our invention we can either convert foundry ladles as at present
constructed into our improved form, or the ladles may be constructed specially to
suit our purpose. The equivalent methods which we may adopt for carrying our
invention into effect are as follows:-
We may pierce a hole through the side of the ladle close to the bottom, of such
suitable dimensions, according to the size of the ladle, as will permit of an easy
flow. Upon the outside of the ladle, where this orifice is pierced, we may form
permanently, or attach so that it may readily be removed, a trough or spout, of
which one side may be formed by the wall of the ladle itself or by a separate plate
leaving an air space between it and the body of the ladle. In the case of the
crucible the spout or trough will be preferably moulded with the body of the
crucible.
This trough, shell or spout, is carried up from the bottom to the top of the ladle
or crucible, or near to it, and is of any convenient form, permitting an easy flow of
the molten fluid, and provided with a lip to guide such flow.
When the orifice is pierced through the body of the ladle, we prefer to secure
the external spout by a hinge and screws or may cotter it on, the hinges on the
one side being set in strips, rivetted or otherwise attached to the ladle and
the screws around the spout being tapped also into strips of iron, rivetted or other-
wise attached to the ladle, so that the attachments are out of all contact with the

page_text: molten metal. The inside of the spout of the ladle is coated with the usual fire
clay or other refractory material (or formed out of such substance in the case of
the crucible) which may be renewed as required, the ready removal of the spout or
trough in the case of the ladle enabling this, or the removal of scoria, slag, or other
obstruction, to be done with exceptional facility.
We may further form our external spout in one with the body particularly in
the case where new ladles are being constructed to our invention, by the leaving
out of the complete side of the ladle or of the crucible towards the spout. We may
then conveniently rivet up and permanently attach the external spout to the body
of the ladle, or mould the said spout with the body of the crucible. We then
re-form that portion of the internal wall of the ladle or crucible that has been
removed or omitted by a loose shutter, which slides in suitable guides, and separates
the spout from the body of the ladle or crucible. It does not descend to the
bottom of the said ladle or crucible, but leaves a suitable orifice or exit for the
molten metal at the bottom of the spout. Each extremity of the upper edge of
this loose shutter may be bent into an eye and allowed to drop over pins attached
to the framing of the ladle or crucible where it may be conveniently secured in
position. In ladles, this sliding shutter would be conveniently constructed of
similar wrought iron plate to that of the body of the ladle and protected by fire
clay, or other refractory material; or the plate may be formed entirely out of such
substance. In the case of crucibles it may be constructed of the same or other
refractory material from which the crucible is made. Should this part of the
crucible or ladle be subjected to wear and tear it can readily be renewed.
When the ladle or crucible, constructed according to our invention, is in normal
position, it may be filled with, and will retain, the moulten metal in the ordinary
way, all dross, sand, ashes, or slag, collecting from its relative lightness upon the
surface of the molten metal chiefly in the interior of the ladle or crucible.
In consequence also of our arrangement, the orifice at the bottom of the ladle,
through which the metal is poured, may be readily adjusted by the founder by the
depression of the sliding shutter, or with fire-clay, or in any similar way, to reduce
the rate of flow from the ladle or crucible should this be required.
1000
FELL & WILDING,
Agents for the Applicants.

page_text: We GEORGE ABRAHAM GOODWIN and WILLIAM FIELD How, both of 2 Victoria
Mansions, in the City of Westminster, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Our invention relates to ladles or crucibles such as are used in foundries for
pouring molten metal for the production of castings, and consists of a modification
in the construction of such ladles or crucibles, whereby the metal may be drawn
free from scoria or other dross from the bottom of the ladle, and still have the
same facilities and advantages as attach to the usual top pouring; whilst at the
same time the surface of the molten metal in the ladle may be protected from
radiation by the accumulation on the surface, of dross, slag, sand, or ashes, which,
by our improved construction, is prevented from entering the mould along with
the molten metal.
To carry out our invention, we specially construct our ladles of the form here-
after described or alter existing ones. The equivalent methods which we may
adopt for carrying our invention into effect are as follows:-
In order that our invention may be the better understood, we now proceed to
describe the same in relation to the drawings hereunto annexed, reference being
had to the letters and figures marked thereon. Like letters refer to like parts
throughout the drawings.
Figure 1 is an elevation of our improved ladle.
Figure 2 is a plan of the same.
Figure 3 is an elevation of an ordinary ladle altered in a modified manner
according to our invention.
Figure 4 is a plan of the same.
To carry out our invention, we may form the shell of the ladle A and the outer
wall B of the spout, figures 1 and 2, permanently in one piece, and then insert
a curved partition C, projecting above the top of the ladle, and which is made to
slide through guides D or otherwise detachably attached to the sides of the ladle
shell. This shutter or partition C divides the body of the ladle from the spout.
It does not descend to the bottom of the ladle, but leaves a suitable orifice or exit
for the molten metal at the bottom of the spout. This removable shutter may be
conveniently of a double bent plate, forming an air chamber for extra durability,
or may be of a single sheet; but in each case prepared with horizontal strips E
on the outsides and with perforations F, while on each side at the bottom are
attached projecting wings G perforated with holes, so as to retain the fire clay

page_text: covering or other refractory material with which it is coated, in the same manner
as the interior,
.
This shutter or partition C may be bent at each of its upper edges into eyes H,
or have eye lugs bolted on, and is allowed to drop over pins K, attached to the
framing of the ladle, so that it may be conveniently secured in the position as
shown, or it may be fixed in the reverse position, viz, concave side towards the
spout.
To remove scoria, slag, skull or other obstruction that may have solidified in
the ladle, the shutter or partition C is easily withdrawn at any time, which
also facilitates repairs or replacement when required. This arrangement further
provides a most handy and convenient pouring spout for concentrating the flow
into the runner box or git.
We may produce the same construction by alteration from an ordinary ladle,
thus We remove or cut out the portion of the wall of the ladle at the part at
which the spout is to be formed, and then attach permanently, such as by rivetting
the projecting spout B and prolonging the bottom B, as in figures 1 and 2, or
leaving the bottoin the original shape, attaching the bottom of the spout directly
thereto, fitting in the sliding partition C in the guides D, and with the faces
prepared for the better adhesion of the refractory lining as heretofore described.
In the case of a crucible, the spont or trough will be preferably moulded with
the body of the crucible, and the sliding shutter may be constructed of entirely
refractory material, or stiffened with a metal plate, as hereinabove described.
We may also adapt an ordinary ladle to our purpose in a cheaper and slightly
modified manner, as in figures 3 and 4, thus:-
We cut a hole through the side of the ladle A close to the bottom, of such
suitable dimensions, according to the size of the ladle, as will permit of an easy
flow. Upon the outside of the ladle where this orifice is cut, we detachably attach
a trough B, as shown in figures 3 and 4, from the bottom to the top of the
ladle and on the top of the shell plate C of the ladle forming the partition between
the body and the spout, which can be left single or be made double, and provided
with prepared surfaces as before described. We attach a plate M projecting above
the top of the ladle to prevent the wash of the slag or dross. This external trough
can be secured by bolts tapped into packing strips N, or by cotters suitably
attached to the body of the ladle. These attachments are thus removed from
contact with the molten metal. The preparation of the dividing plate has been
already described. In this case, as the partition plate is fixed, we make the spout
readily removable as described.
When the ladle or crucible is thus constructed according to our invention, and
is in its normal position, it may be filled with and will retain the molten metal
in the ordinary way; all dross, sand, ashes or slag collecting from its relative
lightness upon the surface of the molten metal chiefly in the interior of the ladle
or crucible.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we wish it to be
understood that we are aware that attempts have been made by means of internal
or external tubular conduits or spouts to pour the molten met il free from dross or
scoria but that all such arrangements that have come to our knowledge as having
been hitherto patented and used are subject to serious defects and consequently
impracticable, and we therefore declare that what we claim is :-
1st. A foundry ladle or crucible of which the shell is extended to form a
permanent projecting trough spout in combination with a sliding concave or
convex single or double partition or shutter, projecting above the top of the ladle,
detachably secured by means of guides, bolts, cotters or other devices, and provided

page_text: on its surface, when of metal, with strips, wings and perforations, to secure the
firm adherence of the refractory coating, substantially as and for the purposes
described.
2nd. A foundry ladle or crucible to the shell of which is attached an extended
projecting trough spout in combination with a double or single detachably secured
partition or shutter projecting above the top of the ladle and where of metal
provided with strips, wings and perforations, to secure firm adherence of the
refractory coating, substantially as and for the purposes described.
Dated this 26th dor of Anonat 1886
FELL & WILDING,
Agents for the Applicants.