matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPLIANCES FOR PROTECTING SHIPS AGAINST INJURY FROM SHOTS, SHELLS, OR OTHER WARLIKE PROJECTILES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Chapman at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th May
1859.
I, HENRY CHAPMAN, of Battlebarrow, Appleby, in the County of Westmore-
land, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS
OR APPLIANCES FOR PROTECTING SHIPS AGAINST INJURY FROM SHOTS, SHELLS, OR
OTHER WARLIKE PROJECTILES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in adapting a contrivance, which I term a "naval
shield, to the sides of ships, said shield being capable of being raised or
lowered either into or out of the water by a ship's tackle, so as to cover any
particular part of a ship, for the purpose of protecting same against injury
from shots, shells, or other warlike projectiles.
The construction of the above-mentioned shield is as follows:-I take a
square piece of wood or other suitable material, and at the centre and back
thereof, and, if necessary, at the corners, I adapt a tube into which fits a
piston, said piston being fixed to the aforesaid woodwork; within the aforesaid
tube I place india-rubber or other suitable elastic substance or material, for
the end of the piston to press against, so that supposing the face of the shield
to be struck by a ball or other projectile, the effect would be to cause the
shield to yield, by reason of the piston pressing against the elastic substance
or material in the tube, as before stated, thereby destroying the effect of the
shot, and protecting the ship from injury. The ends of the several tubes
abut against the ship's sides.

page_text: It is proposed to arrange several of the above-described shields side by side,
and, if desirable, to connect them together, so as to have the combined
resistance of the several elastic pistons. These several shields may be advan-
tageously employed as a raft for landing troops, guns, &c.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ELASTIC FABRICS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Squire Tebbutt at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th March 1859.
I, EDWARD SQUIRE TEBBUTT, of the firm of W. J. Windram & Co., of
Leicester, Elastic Web Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ELASTIC FABRICS," to
be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce an elastic fabric, the surface of
which shall have the appearance of plain cloth, or present alternately lines of
plain and of corrugated cloth; the advantage being great elasticity, without
the risk of the india-rubber strands giving way. To obtain the alternate lines
of plain surface and corrugations, I cement in the ordinary way the inner
surfaces of the fabrics, which are to be united to form the compound elastic
fabric, and insert between them bands or tapes of india-rubber, the tapes
being at tension at the time of the joining of the fabrics, in order to produce
the puckering or corrugations. These tapes may be of varying widths; and.
to give variety to the appearance of the fabric, strands of india-rubber may bo
inserted occasionally between the bands or tapes. When I require an elastic
fabric, which shall present a cloth-like surface, I introduce into the compound
fabric a greater number of strands than heretofore, placing the strands pretty.
close together; and I, thus produce a strong and durable fabric, which may be
made in continuous lengths, instead of in the short lengths, in which.a cloth-
like elastic fabric is produced when using sheet rubber.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LAMPS FOR THE PURPOSE OF BURNING TALLOW, GREASE, OR OILS, EITHER SINGLY OR IN COMBINATION
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Palling at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th June
1859.
I, FRANCIS PALLING, of Esher Street, Lambeth, County of Surrey, Clerk,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF LAMPS FOR THE PURPOSE OF BURNING TALLOW, GREASE, OR
OILS, EITHER SINGLY OR IN COMBINATION," to be as follows:-
I choose various forms of lamps, according as I propose to burn solid tallow
or grease, or I make use of a compound of these with the more liquid oils; if
the former, I arrange that the flame shall be at the level or above the reservoir
of tallow or grease; if the latter, the flame or part of the wick burning shall
be below the level of the reservoir of the oil, or oil and tallow.
The next peculiarity of my Invention is, that I arrange that the wick shall
be suspended or supported freely throughout its whole length, and not coiled
up in the usual manner. This I effect by suspending it vertically or laying it
in a horizontal ring within the tallow.
The next part of my Invention consists in encircling the wick just below
the point of the flame with a disc or cap, having within it an orrifice of rather
larger diameter than the wick itself. By this arrangement I find that I not
only produce a more brilliant flame, but I prevent in a great measure the
formation of any smoke.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHENILLE
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Samuel Bottom at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
November 1859.
I, THOMAS SAMUEL BOTTOM, of Park Terrace, Old Ford, in the County of
Middlesex, Chenille Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHENILLE," to be as
follows:-
My improvements in the manufacture of chenille consists in making it on
elastic bases or supports, instead of wires, thread, or cord, as usual. For this
purpose I either use thread india-rubber uncovered, or by preference, elastic
cord consisting of india-rubber covered, as well understood. This elastic cord
or thread is simply substituted for the inelastic thread or wire ordinarily used:
in the manufacture of chenille.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN BUILDING SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Ransford at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th February
1859.
I, HENRY RANSFORD, of West Brompton, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN BUILDING
SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS," to be as follows:—
This Invention has for its object an improvement in building ships and
other vessels, and consists in constructing each ship or vessel (whether for
sailing or propelled by steam) wider at the floor than at the water line, the
fore and aft parts of the ship or vessel below the water line being modified
accordingly.
IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC CASKS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Jones at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th November
1859.
I, DAVID JONES, of Dartmouth Street, Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC CASKS," to be as follows:-
The object aimed at in these improvements is to impart increased strength
to metallic casks which are designed for a two-fold purpose, namely, to contain
nails or other solid substances, and subsequently employ the same as a bucket,
pail, or such like vessel, and further to facilitate the removal of casks from
place to place by means of "handles" fixed and moveable.
The first part relates to a "paint keg or cask." Hitherto in the manufac-
ture of this article it has been the practice to form a detached lid with a
handle attached to it.
Now my Invention consists in constructing a handle which is stationary,
by means of which the keg can be carried with ease and dispatch, either full
or empty, independent of the lid; the handle is made of ordinary bar or hoop
iron, and slotted near to both ends Z form; the slots act as a lock to the handle
and are sufficiently long to obviate the liability of the hand coming into contact
with the paint or other liquid. When the keg is filled, and the covering
removed therefrom, the handle must be held aslant to raise or lower it; when
forced down it partially rests upon the rim of the lid, and the edge of the

page_text: mouth of the cask, and while it adds to the strength of the body it also serves
as a stay and support to the lid. The handle is connected with the body by
means of suitable rivets or screws by using the latter in conjunction with
nuts and washers. Not only is leakage prevented, but the handle can be
adjusted or removed, if necessary.
The second part relates to a metallic cask in which nails and other solid
substances are packed, the improvement being as follows:-I take a bar of
iron and shape both ends to fit the interior of the mouth of the cask near to its
edge, the said bar is rivetted or otherwise connected with the body, and to
this bar I rivet or screw a fixed upright handle of a desired length, which
will allow of a series of such like casks being piled upon their respective ends
or placed against each other without occupying additional space in the carriage
or removal of the same, the lid or covering of the cask having a slot near
its centre, passes over the handle and rests upon the surface of the flat bar,
by these means the cask is strengthened, and the security of the lid increased.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING PRINTING SURFACES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Lawrence Lee at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th October
1859..
I, GEORGE LAWRENCE LEE, of 49, Holborn Hill, in the City of London,
Lithographer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING PRINTING SURFACES." to be as follows:-
When the surface of the
I take a drawing or transfer, or transfer a subject already printed on a
lithographic stone. I proceed in the usual method employed in lithographic
printing, and then take a roller charged with printing ink mixed with gold size
or drying varnish, and proceed to ink in the stone.
stone is perfectly free from damp, I dust the subject on the stone with pow-
dered resin, asphalte, shellac, or gum mastic, or any other substance capable
of being reduced to powder and resisting the action of acids. I then brush off
the superfluous powder, leaving only the subject covered. I then place the
stone face uppermost in a bath, containing a weak solution of nitrous or other
acid (1 prefer the nitrous), just sufficient to cover the face of the stone. The
acid acting on the parts of the stone not protected by the powdered substance
lowers the surface, and leaves the subject in relief. I then perfectly dry the
stone. I repeat the process several times. After the second or third sub-
mersion, I put more powdered substance on the subject, and apply heat to the
surface of the stone, semi-liquidizing the resinous matter on the surface of the
drawing, and giving greater protection from the effects of the acid to the parts

page_text: in relief. I also, when I want partial depth, pass a flat camel's-hair pencil
over those parts with a strong solution of nitrous or other acid. I then wash
off the accumulated ink or resinous powder by spirits of turpentine or naptha.
The stone is then ready to take the matrix, either for stereotyping or electro-
typing, by any of the usual methods. I then take (for stereotyping) a plaster
of Paris cast from the stone, and where large spaces for blanks are required for
the stereotype, I take a camel's-hair pencil charged with flake white and gum,
or any mixture capable of resisting the molten stereotype metal, and deposit
the mixture on those parts of the matrix where greater depth is required. in
the stereotype cast, or when the plaster cast is perfectly dry charge the surface
of the cast with strong drying varnish, and sift over the cast some very fine
sand, or other powder capable of resisting the molten metal. I get rid of the
superfluous sand, and it is ready for the stereotype process.
For taking casts for electrotype, after going through the above process, instead
of a plaster cast, I take one in wax, and raise the lights or depths on such
matrix by a solution of wax and spirit of turpentine, or wax and drying oil,
or the wax, turpentine, and drying oil combined, or any other siccative varnish.
In lowering the surrounding surface of the stone, and washing off the ink and
resin, I obtain a surface to print from, much clearer and sharper than has
hitherto been procured.
AN APPA- BATUS TO PREVENT THE SINKING OF VESSELS THROUGH LEAKAGE, FOR LIFTING AND FLOATING VESSELS OFF WHEN STRANDED, AND FOR RAISING AND FLOATING SUNKEN VESSELS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Kerman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th August
1859.
I, CHARLES KERMAN, of the Vulcan Iron Works, Millbrook, near South-
ampton, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN APPA-
BATUS TO PREVENT THE SINKING OF VESSELS THROUGH LEAKAGE, FOR LIFTING AND
FLOATING VESSELS OFF WHEN STRANDED, AND FOR RAISING AND FLOATING SUNKEN
VESSELS," to be as follows:-
The apparatus consists mainly of a vessel or vessels of suitable form com-
posed of vulcanized india-rubber or other suitable material of an air-tight and
waterproof texture; and made hollow so as to contain air. One or more of
these air-tight vessels are intended (according to the size and form of the vessel
to be acted on) to be inserted in a collapsed or empty state between the decks,
or in the hold of the vessel to be operated on, whichever may be deemed most
advisable, and then inflated by means of an air pump fixed on the vessel
on the vessel sent to raise the sunken vessel, or on the rock or
shore, whichever may be required, and best adapted to relieve the sinking,
stranded, or sunken vessel. As this air-tight vessel or apparatus becomes
inflated with air, it will increase in proportions and expel the water which
may have entered the sinking, stranded, or sunken vessel, or prevent more
from entering and keep the same from sinking, or if sunk, cause the
said vessel to become buoyant and rise to the surface of the water and
float, and by lashing more of the same air-proof vessels or apparatus

page_text: under the water to the sides and bow and stern of the vessel, and inflating the
same with air by the method above mentioned, by means of a tube or tubes of
the same material in connection with the air pump or pumps, will add con-
siderably to the lifting power and buoyancy of the vessel. These air-tight
vessels or apparatus should be supplied with a valve or valves of brass or other
material, by turning which the air so pumped into the apparatus may be
retained as long as required, and by unscrewing or otherwise opening such valve
or valves, the air may be allowed to escape from the apparatus when no longer
required to be retained therein, and the apparatus may then be packed and
stowed away.
AN IMPROVE- MENT ON METALLIC PENS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pacifico Tagliacozzo at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd March
1859.
I, PACIFICO TAGLIACOZZO, of 27, Broad St. Buildings, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVE-
MENT ON METALLIC PENS," to be as follows:-
I intend to manufacture writing and marking pens with the metal called
aluminium, and with the alloys of this metal, and copper, gold, silver, platinum,
and any other metallic substance. The alluminium being one of the most
elastic and hard metal, is also uncorrou: ible by acids; therefore pens made of
this metal will be unalterable by inks, and the most light and durable metalic
pen in existence.
AN IMPROVED DOMESTIC APPARATUS FOR MAKING TEA, COFFEE, AND OTHER SUCH LIKE BEVERAGES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry William Chapman Wise
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 14th October 1859.
I, HENRY WILLIAM CHAPMAN WISE, of Titchfield, Hampshire, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED DOMESTIC APPARATUS
FOR MAKING TEA, COFFEE, AND OTHER SUCH LIKE BEVERAGES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to prevent persons the trouble of carrying the
tea or coffee-pot to the fire-place when requiring more water; also to prevent
accidents from scalding, and to retain the aroma which otherwise escapes.
Upon a suitable stand is affixed an urn of ordinary construction, and in
front thereof, one on each side, a tea-pot and coffee-pot having pipes or tubes
connected to them from the urn with taps or cocks, so that when more water
is required in either one or the other the tap or cock belonging thereto can be
turned on to let in the requisite quantity of hot water; the whole can be dis-
connected by unscrewing the ordinary union joints; the lids of both vessels
are secured by suitable means to prevent the escape of the aroma.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED FOR SECURING BALES OF COTTON AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Bull at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th April
1859.
I, JOSEPH BULL, of Port Street, Manchester, do hereby declare the nature
of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED FOR SECURING BALES OF
COTTON AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its objects improvements in apparatus used for
securing bales of cotton and other substances. For these purposes strips of
metal or hoop iron have been employed, the ends of which when placed
around a bale have heretofore been either rivetted or hooked together.
Now my improvements consist in causing the ends of a suitable length of
strip metal or of hoop iron to be bent into hooks, and to employ therewith a
plate of metal with a rectangular or suitable opening through it, so that when
a bale of cotton or other substance has by pressure been brought to the
desired size, and the strip of metal passed round it, the link or plate is placed
on one of the hooks, and then the other hook is passed through the plate, by
which, when the bale is released from pressure, the two hooks will be inwards
towards the bale, and will be retained secure by the plate. In order to
prepare iron hooping for this purpose, the hooks are made at the ends, and the
iron is then annealed at a red heat in a close furnace, and when cool the
surfaces are painted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONDENSERS FOR STEAM ENGINES AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander William Williamson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 8th January 1859.
I, ALEXANDER WILLIAM WILLIAMSON, of University College, London, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONDENSERS
FOR STEAM ENGINES AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in condensers for steam
engines and other purposes. The condenser consists of a metal case, to which
a number of tubes are connected at one end; these tubes are closed at their
other ends, and contain each of them a smaller tube, passing from the closed
end of the exterior tube to a smaller case contained within the case before
mentioned. The exterior tubes are kept cool either by water or by a stream
of air caused to pass in contact with them by a fan. The steam from the
engine or other source is admitted by a pipe to the outer case, and a vacuum
is maintained in the inner case by an air pump. The steam is thus compelled
to pass in divided streams up the pipes and in close contact with their sides,
and so it becomes condensed, while any air which may have been introduced
with the steam passes down the small tubes, and is drawn off by the air pump.
When a current of air is used to cool the pipes, the heated air obtained may
be used for warming rooms and other places.
A NEW SYSTEM OF GAS LIGHTING, THROUGH NEW APPA- EATUSES AND MATTERS RICHER IN GAS THAN PIT COAL
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest de Caranza at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th March
1859.
I, ERNEST DE CARANZA, of No. 97, Rue des Petits Champs, in the City of
Paris, in the Empire of France, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "A NEW SYSTEM OF GAS LIGHTING, THROUGH NEW APPA-
EATUSES AND MATTERS RICHER IN GAS THAN PIT COAL," to be as follows:-
I propose to obtain gas from the following matters, namely, bog head or
ompelite clay, of greasy sawdust obtained from wood that has been used in
refining or cleansing fatty matters, of pit coal, and of the fatty residuos left in
the extraction of schistic oils, usually in the following proportions:-Bog
head 50 parts, sawdust 30, fatty residues 15, and pit coal 5, variable, how-
ever, according to the richness of the matters, one or other of which may in
some cases be dispensed with. I manufacture this gas by placing these
matters in cylinders pierced with small holes which I then introduce into one
or more retorts placed in a furnace lined with refractory brickwork, and
provided with a trap to permit the escape of the emanations arising from the
charging and discharging of the retorts, the gaz passes from the retort through
& pipe leading to an apparatus serving at the same time as refrigerator aud
purifier, and after passing through the layers of lime enters the gas holder.
This system is intended principally for use in private establishments.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE ENGINES, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER PUMPS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Shand and John Rowley
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition;
on the 22nd November 1859.
We, JAMES SHAND, of 245, Blackfriars Road, in the County of Surrey,
Engineer, and JOHN ROWLEY, No. 3, St. George's Road, Notting Hill, in
the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of our
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE ENGINES, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS
ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER PUMPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of fire
engines and other pumps, and in the means employed for working the same
by manual labour, whereby a better application of manual power is obtained
than by the present systems. For this purpose, according to the first part of
our Invention, we arrange the carriage and working parts of the fire engine
as follows:-The under carriage wheels, springs, and water cistern are con-
structed in a similar manner to those commonly in use in various fire brigades.
We use one water cylinder or pump barrel only, but more than one may be
used. The valves, air vessel, suction, and delivery pipes are constructed in
the ordinary manner. The plunger or piston working in the barrel is con-
nected to a "cross head," which receives motion from the working handles in
the manner hereafter described. On to the sides or ends of the "cistern" or
frame, which is connected with the carriage and wheels, seats are fixed, one on
each side or end, to contain as many men as are required to work the engine,
and the men when working sit face to face with their feet towards the centre

page_text: of the engine. To the cistern framing and seats are fixed two double
triangular frames of suitable strength, each of which double triangular frames
carries six rollers or pullies, made of metal or other suitable material, three
rollers on each side of each frame. Over each set of three of these rollers or
pullies a chain or band is passed, made of metal, leather, or other suitable
material, the bands being kept tight on the rollers by proper coupling or
tightening screws; these four bands are each attached to the cross head of the
pump and to the working handles of the engine; the working handles are
moved to and fro horizontally, or nearly so, with a rowing motion similar to
that used in giving motion to the oars of a boat, so as to raise and lower the
pump plunger, and thus actuate the pump. We also arrange fire engines
with a "double-acting" pump placed horizontally, and worked by similar
handles placed at each end of the pump, and actuated by a similar "rowing'
movement of the men, the men sitting either as before described, or back to
back, but doing away with the double triangular frames before described, and
substituting simple slides or guides to keep the working handles in position.
Our Invention is also applicable to the working of ship's and other pumps
where manual labour is employed to work the same.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SECIFICATION left by John Brazer Babcock at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th August
1859. A communication from Anthony G. Davis, residing at Waterton,
Litchfield, Connecticut.
I, JOHN BRAZER BABCOCK, of 35, Milk Street, Boston, in the United States
of America, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in umbrellas and parasols.
For this purpose the sticks of umbrellas or parasols are constructed of two
parts capable of sliding the one into the other like the parts of a telescope, so
that when out of use the umbrella or parasol may be packed into a small
space. When the stick is drawn out to its greatest length, a spring catch
serves to hold the parts of which it is formed in position with sufficient
firmness, but the catch is so constructed as to yield when a considerable
pressure is applied.
Thus, by the one
parasol, it if
The spring catch which sustains the runner when the umbrella or parasol is
open, is so placed on the upper part of the stick, that when this is slid into the
lower part thereof, the catch by entering the lower part of the stick becomes
depressed, so that the runner can pass freely over it.
operation of pressing on the runner of an umbrella or
previously open, be closed, and the parts of the stick slid the one into the
other; and if the umbrella or parasol be previously closed, a pressure on the
runner serves both to push the runner over its spring catch, and also to draw
out the stick to its full length ready for use.
may,
AN IMPROVED BOOK SLIDE
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Hine at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd February
1859.
I, JOSEPH HINE, of Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex, Fancy
Cabinet Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED BOOK SLIDE," to be as follows:-
Book slides have hitherto usually been made of two parts (one sliding in
the other), and each furnished at one end with a folding or hinged bracket, or
with one stationary and two sliding parts, and latterly such slides have been
made with the addition of a spring or springs having a constant tendency to
force or compress the sliding parts towards each other.
The defect of these slides is that (in consequence of the constant pressure)
on taking a book out of the slide the binding becomes scratched or injured,
and also in replacing the same.
Now my improvement consists in adding to such spring book slides a rack
and catch, by means of which the slide, when drawn out, is retained until
released by pressure of the finger on the end of a rod or other projection
in connection with the catch.
The object of this Invention is that when the slide is drawn out to the
extent required, the catch taking into the rack shall prevent the spring from
exerting any pressure on the books, whereby the binding might become
scratched or otherwise injured.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND MECHANISM FOR RETAINING THE ROLLERS OF WINDOW BLINDS, MAPS, AND OTHER ARTICLES REQUIRING TO BE WOUND ON ROLLERS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Caleb Vinall at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th December
1859.
I, CALEB VINALL, of Brompton, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND MECHANISM
FOR RETAINING THE ROLLERS OF WINDOW BLINDS, MAPS, AND OTHER ARTICLES
REQUIRING TO BE WOUND ON ROLLERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention is an improvement upon, or may be used as a substitute for,
the rack or other arrangements commonly in use for holding or retaining the
ordinary roller on which the blind is fastened.
Firstly, I employ a pulley wheel to be fixed on the end of the ordinary
roller, through the centre of which I fasten a cord, so that as the blind is
drawn down the cord is wound on the pulley wheel. On the axis of the
pulley wheel I form a collar or flange (the end of which is rounded) so that
there is an interstice between the pulley and the said collar or flange. Secondly,
I provide to be fastened by screws or other suitable means to the window frame
a bracket, which is formed with a step and also with a groove, so made to
receive the axis of the pulley wheel in the interstice between the said pulley
and the collar that the periphery of the pulley comes nearly close to the step
in the bracket; by this means the cord as it is-wound on cannot get out of
place. Thirdly, I provide a spring which I affix to the bracket at the step
which spring has a hollow formed in it, and is so continued round that it

page_text: presses tightly on the end of the axis of the pulley, the round end of which fits
in the hollow of the spring, and so is kept in its place in the groove. When
required to be taken out the spring is merely pressed back. The other end of
the roller may be furnished with the ordinary end and bracket, or may be pro-
vided with another pulley wheel with a cord passing through its centre, so
that the blind may be pulled down by its means and up by the cord and pulley
before described, which would be a substitute for the ordinary cord and tassel
in the centre of the blind. Although I have only described my Invention in
reference to window blinds for the sake of simplicity, it may be applied to maps,
charts, and other articles requiring to be wound on rollers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HERNIAL TRUSSES AND PADS ADAPTED TO SURGICAL PURPOSES GENERALLY
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Evans and Edward
Huxley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 28th September 1859.
We, GEORGE EVANS, and EDWARD HUXLEY, both of No. 12, Old Cavendish
Street, Cavendish Square, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
HERNIAL TRUSSES AND PADS ADAPTED TO SURGICAL PURPOSES GENERALLY," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment of vulcanized or other caout-
chouc for hernial trusses or pads in lieu of the metallic springs at present used
for the same purpose. We propose using a hollow spherical or oval-shaped
ball of vulcanized or other india-rubber of the required size and thickness, and
having modelled and prepared it to our purpose, we fill it with gossamer down
like substance known as "mock main" an article introduced in a Patent
granted to the above-named George Evans, on the 29th of March 1841,
No. 8904, or in the absence of this material, it being of foreign growth, we
take any other suitable substance in furtherance of our object. At the back
of the pad within the caoutchouc casing is placed a light metallic plate for the
sake of strength and firmness fitted with the requisite studs for retaining the
body band and other straps. Instead of metallic springs for adjusting the
pressure of the pad, we use a band or tube of caoutchouc attached at one end
to the plate by a stud, the other end being fastened to the end of the thigh
strap, so that the spring instead of being in an oblique line as is usual with
metallic springs is in a direct line with the leg, thereby better calculated
to preserve and strengthen the living tissues.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SUPPORTING THE WOMB
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Marius Philip Bourjeaurd
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th February 1859.
I, PIERRE MARIUS PHILIP BOURJEAURD, of Davies Street, in the County of
Middlesex, late Surgeon in the French Navy, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SUPPORTING THE WOMB,"
to be as follows:-
My apparatus consists of a mushroom-shaped vessel in caoutchouc, with an
aperture through the centre thereof, and connected to india-rubber or other
straps for securing to the body of the wearer. The vessel is hollow, and may
be permanently sealed, or it may be connected with a pipe fitted with taps and
an air-bag, for the purpose of inflating and letting out the air from the
mushroom-shaped vessel, as circumstances may require.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SHOWING STEREOSCOPIC PICTURES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Pepper at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st April
.1859.
I, JOHN HENRY PEPPER, of Morton House, Kilburn Priory, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SHOWING STEREOSCOPIC PICTURES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for showing
stereoscopic pictures, and consists in so combining apparatus, that the two
stereoscopic pictures shall be thrown side by side on to a screen or surface by
means of lanterns having suitable lenses, in such manner that when seen by
several persons through different lenses (having focal powers according to
their several distances from the screen or surface) each person shall see the
two projected pictures as one largely magnified stereoscopic picture. For
these purposes, a theatre or room is fitted at one part or end with a suitable
screen or surface to receive the two pictures thrown thereon, by two suitable
lanterns, and in front of the seat for each observer is stationed a suitable
standard or holder of lenses of focal powers coinciding with their distance from
the two projected pictures on the distant screen or surface, by which, when
looked at through such distant lenses, the two pictures will be resolved into
one largely magnified stereoscopic picture.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED WITH AND APPLICABLE TO STEAM BOILERS AND HEATING APPARATUS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Butler Mowbray and
Thomas Coatman, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 22nd September 1859.
We, RICHARD BUTLER MOWBRAY and THOMAS COATMAN, of the City of
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
CONNECTED WITH AND APPLICABLE TO STEAM BOILERS AND HEATING APPARATUS," to
be as follows:-
We employ hollow fire-bars and form them entirely of one casting, or com-
posed of several parts according to the dimensions of the furnace, the said bars
being cast to hollow bed-plates at each end having holes so arranged with the
holes of the bars that there shall be a continual circulation of the water, the
back bed-plate being connected to a hollow or solid bridge, and the front bed-
plate to a hollow front or framework for the furnace door, which front is in
two separate divisions, the cold water entering one division, and then, after
circulating through the bars, passes into the other division; before it enters the
boiler the water is pumped from the supply, and passes through a check valve,
connected with the cold water division of the furnace front, and from the hot
water division the water passes to a valve chamber furnished with two valves,
one to allow it to enter the boiler, and the other to escape to the supply,
safety valves and alarm whistles being employed in connection with the bridge
and also with the hollow furnace front. The check, feed, and escape valves
may be arranged in various ways either in one or separate chambers, and be
made self-acting or influenced by levers or wheels.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LIFE BOATS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herrmann Grundt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th August
1859.
I, HERRMANN GRUNDT, of America Square, do hereby declare the nature of
the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LIFE BOATS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in life boats. In constructing
life boats according to my Invention, I form the keel of the boat hollow, by
preference of sheet brass or of the hard material obtained from india-rubber.
The stern post and the cutwater of the boat are also made hollow; they are in
one piece with the keel and of the same material. The ribs of the boat, which
are also made hollow or tubular, and by preference of the same material as
the keel, run from end to end of the boat, and are each jointed at one end to
the stern post and at the other end to the cutwater, and are free to turn on
the joints at their ends; thus it will be seen that when desired the frame of
the boat can be folded flat by turning the ribs down towards the keel. Both
the keel and the parts connected with it, and the ribs of the boat, are made
water-tight so that they may add to the buoyancy of the boat. The frame of
the boat is covered either with vulcanized india-rubber, with waterproof fabric,
or other suitable flexible material; this covering is connected with the ribs,
and is made double, and the space between the two parts of the covering is
filled with air when the boat is in use, and at this time the frame is kept
distended by the seats of the boat, which serve as stretchers. When the boat is
out of use and the frame is folded flat, the skin or covering also folds, the air
being then allowed to escape from between the parts of the double covering.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Stansfield at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th May
1859.
I, JAMES STANSFIELD, of Batley, in the County of York, Woollen Spinner,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction of the rails, and consists in having
them made in two parts, longitudinally and vertically, joined together in such
manner that the ends of each length forming one side shall be in or about the
middle of the opposite side, thus will the joints cross, or each length overlap
the other, which may be either secured together by bolts or pins passed
through them at intervals of distance, or may be secured by simply fastening
them at each joint in the chair by block, wedge, key, or any other suitable or
usual means.
By the use of rails constructed in this manner, I avoid or prevent the
jumping of the carriages now experienced when the wheels pass over the joints
of ordinary rails when such joints are not even with each other, or are not
level, or when the surfaces of two abutting rails are not in the same plane.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GREASE FOR LUBRICATING THE AXLES OF RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES, THE JOURNALS OF MACHINERY, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Collins at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th October
1859. A communication from abroad by P. Guilhard Fisse, of Alicante,
in the Kingdom of Spain.
I, CHARLES COLLINS, of Lower Road, Islington, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GREASE FOR LUBRICATING THE AXLES OF RAILWAY
AND OTHER CARRIAGES, THE JOURNALS OF MACHINERY, AND FOR OTHER LIKE
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in compounding and amalgamating certain
ingredients into a grease or lubricating composition for the more efficiently
reducing the friction of the axles of railway and other carriages, the journals of
machinery, and for other like purposes, and at a less cost than heretofore. The
ingredients employed in and for the manufacture of the grease or lubricating.
composition according to this Invention are, "tallow, vegetable wax, soap,
lead, bone black, or auimal charcoal," the whole of which being thoroughly
amalgamated or incorporated together by any suitable means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PASSE-PARTOUTS' OR MOUNTS FOR PICTURES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th November
1859. A communication from abroad by Auguste Pinard, of Paris, in
the Empire of France, Manufacturer.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln' Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PASSE-PARTOUTS' OR MOUNTS FOR PICTURES," a communication
from abroad by Auguste Pinard, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Manu-
facturer, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved construction of what are known in
the trade as "passe-partouts," or mounts for photographic and other pictures
and drawings, whereby the effect is very greatly enhanced. According to this
Invention in place of making the "passe-partout" or mount out of one piece
of cardboard stamped to the desired pattern, it is proposed to construct it of
three distinct parts suitably colored or tinted, and disposed in relation to each
other to give the effect of a solid mount with a considerable degree of relief.
The inner rim of the mount next to the picture consists of a suitably stamped
or moulded frame of cardboard or thin metal, and may be tinted, bronzed, or
left plain as desired. Upon this rim is laid a flat piece of cardboard, having
an aperture of such a size as to enclose the moulding of the rim, and this
second piece may either be plain or ornamented, or tinted according to taste;
over this again is placed a third sheet of cardboard, the aperture in which is

page_text: large enough to show a considerable portion of the second piece last referred
to. It is obvious that the apertures may be of any desired form, whether
round, square, or oval, and that the tints and ornamentation of each of the
three component parts may be varied according to taste.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John William Matthews at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th April 1859.
I, JOHN WILLIAM MATTHEWS, of High Street, Poplar, in the County of
Middlesex, Hat Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS AND OTHER
COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce a flexible hat or covering for the
head, having both the appearance and advantages of the beaver hat, but
To this end
without the use of that expensive material, the beaver fur.
I propose to form a felt body of any required shape, and to cover the same
with the ordinary silk tissue. These substances I attach together by employing
any suitable varnish or liquid cement, and using the same, when the varnish
is not flexible, sparingly, so that it will not impart stiffness to the article
coated. The hat or other covering for the head may be lined, bound at the
edges, and otherwise finished in the usual way.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SHOW CASES FOR THE CONTAINING OF FANCY ARTICLES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Lawrence Ball at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
December 1859.
I, THOMAS LAWRENCE BALL, of New York (City), N. Y. Co., U. S., North
America, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SHOW CASES FOR THE CONTAINING OF FANCY ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to all varities of boxes or cases for containing fancy
articles, particularly for gloves, needles, &c., &c., where there are various sizes
and descriptions, and numbered accordingly, and are assorted in seperate com-
partments in one box or case for exhibition or sale. The object of my Inven-
tion is to construct a box of any desired size or shape, containing any number
of seperate apartments for holding the articles to be placed therein according
to their assortment, such box having a seperate and independent cover, which
is to be removed from over a compartment in the case only by the salesman,
who can himself remove only one lid or covering in a line of boxes at a
time, the lids designating the number or kind of articles contained in each
compartment, so that the entire number of boxes contained in the nest, how-
ever numerous, will always be kept closed, excepting that box containing the
articles to be examined, thus obviating much trouble and expense caused by
articles being damaged by purchasers where they are presented for examination
promiscuously, and in open boxes to be handled at the option of the purchaser,
and as is frequently the case purloined without detection.
The nature of my Invention consists in dividing and subdividing a box or

page_text: case into any number of compartments by partitions, and in providing each com-
partment with a cover, which is made to slide freely in grooves in the parti-
tions, and in making the compartments on one end blank, the covers of which
are kept in place by helical or other suitable springs, so that by a gentle
pressure upon these covers they can be forced down so as to allow the cover
of the adjacent box to slide over it, and expose to view the articles contained
in this compartment, and by sliding the next cover over this open box, the
one next it will be opened, and so on through the whole line of boxes, one
only being open at a time. This variety of show case is capable of a very.
fine polish or finish, and can be ornamented according to the taste and
expense. The covers may be made of glass so as to exhibit all the articles
contained in the case, but the mode of operating would be the same.
AN APPARATUS FOR WASHING HANKS, SKEINS, THREADS, AND YARNS OF SILK AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Henry at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th October
1859. A communication from abroad by Jean Baptiste Berthand, the
younger, of 33, Boulevard Saint Martin, Paris, France.
I, MICHAEL HENRY, of 84, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN APPARATUS
FOR WASHING HANKS, SKEINS, THREADS, AND YARNS OF SILK AND OTHER FIBROUS
MATERIALS,'
,"communicated to me from abroad by Jean Baptiste Berthand the
younger, of 33, Boulevard Saint Martin, Paris, France, to be as follows:-
In my apparatus a number of rollers or cylinders are employed, arranged in
pairs, on each pair is placed a number of skeins, or suitable quantity of the
silk or other material to be washed; water or washing liquor is admitted
at any convenient part, and flows into proper vessels contrived for its passage
beneath and against the cylinders, to which rotary motion is communicated in
a direction opposite to that of the inflow, where desirable. Suitable adjustments
may be added for bringing the cylinders nearer to or farther from each other,
thus stretching the skeins, threads, or yarns on them more or less, and also for
raising and lowering the water passages and vessels to and from the cylinders,
so that the matters to be washed may be readily placed thereon.
In the arrangement preferred, an inclined plane is employed to impart to
the water a velocity about equal to that of the cylinders, which are actuated
by pinions engaging a worm driven by handle, steam engine shaft, or other

page_text: moving agent; one of each pair being so in gear, and the other driven by
friction of the material, or motion may be otherwise communicated; a lever or
a lift jack may be used for raising and lowering the water or liquor troughs,
and the cylinders may be adjusted by a bar with rack at one end, in gear with
a bar working frames or carriages that support the cylinders. Of course I do
not confine myself to the details described.