Improvements in the Manufacture of Ornamental Tubes, and in Tools or Appliances to be Employed in the said Manufacture.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 6th July, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 8th Apr., 1895-Accepted. 29th June, 1895
TRUVIDIONAI
Improvements in the Manufacture of Ornamental Tubes, and in
Tools or Appliances to be Employed in the said Manufacture.
I, CHARLES WILLMOTT, of 57 Saint Mary Street, Ladywood, in the City of
Birmingham, Designer and Modeller, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows :--
This invention has reference to the manufacture of ornamental metallic and other
tubes such as tubes of xylonite or other suitable ductile substance my object being the
production of ornamental patterns and designs standing out in relief along the tubes
formed by pressure from the inside of the same and my invention is applicable to
tubes of various shapes in cross section whether such tubes are of round oval
triangular square or of other form in cross section.
I will describe my invention as applied to ornamenting thin ductile metallic
tubes.
According to one arrangement of carrying out my invention I provide a short
mandrel of a size to fit inside the tube to be ornamented this mandrel carrying a
small pattern roller on the periphery of which there is engraved or otherwise
formed in relief the pattern which the tube is desired to have this roller fitting in a
recess in the mandrel and being free to revolve on an axle pin. The raised pattern
of the pattern roller stands out slightly beyond the periphery of the mandrel.
Upon a bench table or other support I provide an open ended tubular box lined
with indiarubber which is of a shape and size to fit round the tube to be ornamented
this box being by preference divided longitudinally from end to end into halves so
that by first removing one half of the box the tube to be ornamented can be
removed therefrom or replaced therein. Strong cramps or other means secure the
two parts of the box together so as to press the indiarubber tightly round the tube
to be ornamented. This box extends along the tube from end to end.
To ornament the tube by the means above described the said tubular box is
opened and the tube to be ornamented is placed therein; the box is then closed and
secured together by cramps or other means so as to press the indiarubber tightly
round the tube to be ornamented. The mandrel carrying the pattern roller is then
drawn through the tube from one end to the other which cau be accomplished by
means of a rod which passes through the tube and at one end is screwed or
otherwise attached to the mandrel and at the other end is connected to a chain
passing round a barrel or chain wheel on a revolving shaft so that when this shaft
is caused to turn the chain draws the mandrel with the pattern roller through the
tube from end to end so that the pattern roller impresses its pattern on the tube
forcing out portions of the same corresponding with the pattern against the
pressure of the indiarubber the friction of the tube on the pattern roller causing
the latter to revolve and to repeat the pattern all along the tube.
By enclosing the tube in the indiarubber lined box the pressure of the india-
rubber re-acts on the outside of the tube against the pressure of the pattern roller
inside and thus I obtain a sharper and more distinct design than would be possible
if the indiarubber were not used to give the outside pressure, but it is to be
understood that if desired this india rubber lined box may be dispensed with but in
this case the pattern will not be so distinct.
When the indiarubber lined box above described for holding the tube is dispensed
with the tube must be held by some other means whilst the mandrel is drawn

page_text: through it as for instance by the front end of the tube being slightly flanged
outwardly and then this flange cramped between two screwed collars arranged
outside the tube and which take a bearing against a stop on the bench or table
whilst the mandrel with the pattern roller is being drawn through the tube.
Instead of obtaining an outside pressure on the tube by means of enclosing the
same in the indiarubber lined box as stated above I may employ one or more
rollers outside the tube covered with indiarubber or soft metal or other substance
or cut in with a pattern corresponding with the pattern on the pattern roller this
outside roller or these outside rollers being carried by a framework and arranged
to act upon the outside of the tube against the pressure of the pattern roller inside
the same so as to make the pattern more distinct.
As one pattern roller will only act upon a small portion of the periphery of the
tube to be ornamented I may employ two three or more pattern rollers fitted to
the same mandrel one in front of the other arranged so as to act upon different
parts of the tube at the same time and thus finish the ornamentation by drawing
the mandrel once through the tube instead of having to draw the mandrel through
the tube two or more times to act on the various parts as would be necessary if the
mandrel were furnished with only one pattern roller as in the arrangement first
above described.
Instead of the tube to be ornamented being held stationary and the mandrel
with its pattern roller or pattern rollers drawn through the same to ornament it as
stated above, the mandrel with its pattern roller or pattern rollers may be held
stationary and the tube to be ornamented be drawn over the mandrel so as to
cause the pattern roller or pattern rollers to revolve and ornament the tube from
the inside and all along the same from end to end as above described.
Dated this 5th day of July 1894.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Ornamental Tubes, and in
Tools or Appliances to be Employed in the said Manufacture.
I, CHARLES WILLMOTT, of 57, Saint Mary Street, Ladywood, in the City of
Birmingham, Designer and Modeller, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has reference to the manufacture of ornamental metallic and
other tubes such as xylonite or other suitable ductile substance my object being
the production of ornamental patterns and designs standing out in relief along the
tubes formed by pressure from the inside of the same and my invention is
applicable to tubes of various shapes in cross section whether such tubes are of
round oval triangular square or of other form in cross section.
I will describe my invention as applied to ornamenting thin ductile metallic
tubes, and I will refer to the accompanying drawings in which the same letters
refer to corresponding parts throughout.
Fig. 1 is an elevation of an appliance which I employ for ornamenting tubes' in
accordance with this invention; Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of the mandrel part
of the same together with the ornamenting rollers and the mandrel connections';
Fig. 3 is an elevation and Fig. 4 is a plan of one of the said ornamenting
rollers;
Fig. 5 is a sectional view of the said mandrel and rollers;

page_text: Fig. 6 is a short length of the tube which has been ornamented by the said
rollers;
Fig. 7 is an end elevation of one of the hinged cramps forming a part of the said
appliance;
Fig. 8 is a sectional plan of a portion of the said appliance on an enlarged scale
showing a short length of the tube being ornamented thereby;
Fig. 9 shews another arrangement of my mandrel and ornamenting rollers and
Fig. 10 illustrates a modification of my invention.
According to one arrangement of carrying out my invention I provide a short
mandrel A (Fig. 2) of a size to fit inside the tube B to be ornamented this mandrel
carrying two small pattern rollers c, c on the periphery of each of which there is
engraved or otherwise formed in relief the pattern which the tube is desired to
have, for instance the pattern may be scroll like projecting ribs c³, c on the
rollers c', c to form the pattern shewn by Fig. 6 projecting from the outer surface
of the tube which in this case has the appearance of a palm stem. The rollers e, c
fit in the recess a¹ in the mandrel A and are free to revolve on axle pins a². The
raised pattern of the pattern roller stands out slightly beyond the periphery of the
mandrel A. Upon a bench table or other support DI provide an open ended
tubular box marked E¹, E, lined with india-rubber F which box is of a shape and
size to fit round the tube B to be ornamented and is by preference divided
longitudinally from end to end into halves E', E, and likewise the india-rubber
lining F is similarly divided and fixed to the inside of the half tubes E¹, E', so
that by first removing the half E¹ of the box and rubber the tube to be ornamented
can be removed therefrom or replaced therein. Strong cramps or other means
such as pedestals G, G, G, with their removable caps g' secure the two parts E', E'
of the box together so as to press the indiarubber lining tightly round the tube to
be ornamented. This box E¹, E extends along the tube B from end to end.
In order to ornament a thin plain ductile metal tube by the means above in part
described the tubular box E, E with its indiarubber lining F is opened by
removing the cups g₁ and top half tube and the tube B to be ornamented is placed
therein; the tubular box E, E is then closed and secured together by the caps g¹
as shewn in Fig. 1 so as to press the indiarubber tightly round the tube B to be
ornamented. The mandrel A carrying the pattern rollers c', c, is then drawn or
pushed through the tube B from one end to the other which can readily be
accomplished by means of the rod H which passes through the tube B, see Fig. 1,
and at one end is connected by the coupling I or by other means to the mandrel A
and at the other end is connected to the chain J passing round the barrels or chain
wheels K', K on the revolving shafts k¹, k² preferably arranged one at each end of
the table D as shewn in Fig. 1 so that when the shaft is turned by the hand
wheel the chain J draws the mandrel A with the pattern rollers c', c' through
the tube B from end to end so that the pattern rollers c¹, impress their pattern
on the tube B from the inside of the same, forcing out portions 6' of the same
corresponding with the pattern against the pressure of the indiarubber lining F,
the friction of the tube B on the pattern rollers c', c³, causing the latter to revolve
and to repeat the pattern all along the tube B to be ornamented and forming two
sections of the complete pattern each section corresponding with the parts comprised
between the lines X Y of Fig. 6. In order to prevent the mandrel A turning
whilst it is being moved through the tube B as aforesaid, the rod H is made
preferably square in cross section and passes through a corresponding hole in the
guide L which latter is made removable from the guide holder M which is fixed to
the bench D as shewn in Fig. 1. This guide L is shewn separately by Fig. 1* and
the guide holder M is shewn separately by Fig. 1**. The guide L is by preference
made hexagonal outside and the guide holder M is made to correspond so that
when the mandrel A has been once drawn through the tube B and formed two
sections of the ornament as stated above the mandrel A and rod H and guide L can
be lifted to free the latter from the guide holder M and then the mandrel A rod H
and guide L can be turned round one sixth of a revolution ready to form the next

page_text: two sections of the ornament and then be again removed from the guide holder M
and again turned through one sixth to bring the mandrel in its exact position to
form the next two sections and thus complete the ornament all round the tube.
The connections N' N' of the rod H to the chain J are made as swivels to allow of
the mandrel A and rod H being turned as aforesaid.
Whilst the mandrel A with its pattern rollers are passing through the tube B as
aforesaid the former may have a slow axial rotary motion imparted to it so that
the pattern will then be a spiral round the tube. This can readily be accomplished
by making the rod H with the necessary twist in it and the hole in the guide L
to correspond so that as the rod H is drawn through the guide L the twisted form
of the rod H and the hole will cause the mandrel and pattern rollers to slowly
turn to give the required spiral form to the pattern.
Instead of the mandrel A and pattern rollers c', c² and rod H being turned to
bring the rollers to act upon fresh sections of the tube which is being ornamented,
I may make the mandrel A so that it will not turn and instead thereof I may turn
the box E', E and the tube B contained therein, or I may turn the tube B in
the box.
By enclosing the tube to be ornamented in the indiarubber lined box E¹, E' as
above described the pressure of the indinrubber F reacts on the outside of the tube
against the pressure of the pattern rollers e', inside and thus I obtain a sharper
and more distinct design than would be possible if the indiarubber were not used
to give the outside pressure, but it is to be understood that if desired this india-
rubber lined box may be dispensed with, but in this case the pattern will not be
so distinct.
When the indiarubber lined box E', E' above described for holding the tube B
is dispensed with, the tube must be held by some other means whilst the mandrel A
with the pattern rollers e, c² is drawn through it as for instance by the front end
of the tube being slightly flanged outwardly and then this flange cramped between
two screwed collars arranged outside the tube and which take a bearing against a
stop on the bench or table D whilst the mandrel A with the pattern rollers are
being drawn through the tube.
Instead of obtaining an outside pressure on the tube B by means of enclosing the
same in the indiarubber lined box E1, E2, as stated above I may employ one or
more rollers outside the tube covered with india rubber or soft metal or other
substance this outside roller or these outside rollers being carried by a framework
and arranged to act upon the outside of the tube against the pressure of the pattern
rollers inside the same so as to make the pattern more distinct. Fig. 10 shews an
arrangement of this kind in which O', 0, are the two indiarubber covered rollers
which act upon the outside of the tube B against the pressure of the pattern
rollers c', c³ inside. In this arrangement the rollers 01, 0³, are carried by the
frame connected to the cross head p to which the rod a³ of the mandrel A is fixed
so that the rollers 01, 0 will with the pattern rollers c', c be moved along the
tube B by the carriage Q and screw q or by other means.
Instead of the mandrel A being provided with two pattern rollers c¹, c² as above
described the mandrel A may have only one pattern roller, or as one or even two
pattern rollers only act on a small portion or small portions of the periphery of
the tube to be ornamented I may employ three or more pattern rollers such
as c', c, c, e, fitted in the same mandrel A as shewn by Fig. 9 arranged one in
front of the others and at one fourth the circumference so as to act on four different
parts on the tube B at the same time and thus finish the ornamentation by drawing
the mandrel once through the tube instead of having to draw the maudrel through
the tube two or more times to act on the various parts as is necessary when the
mandrel is furnished with only two pattern rollers (or only one pattern roller) as in
the arrangement first above described.
Instead of the tube B to be ornamented being held stationary and the mandrel A
with its pattern rollers c', c² or pattern roller drawn through the same to ornament
it as stated above, the mandrel A with its pattern rollers c¹, c³ or pattern roller may

page_text: be held stationary and the tube to be ornamented be drawn over the mandrel so as
to cause the pattern rollers c¹, c³, or pattern roller to revolve and ornament the
tube from the inside and all along the same from end to end as above described.
It will be evident that an endless of variety of patterns can be produced on tubes
in relief by my invention by simply employing pattern rollers made to correspond
with the pattern required.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The improved method or ornamenting thin ductile metallic and other tubes,
consisting in forcing through the tube a mandrel carrying one or more pattern
rollers on the periphery of which latter a portion or portions of the required
pattern is or are formed in relief the said roller or rollers acting upon the inside
walls of the tube and forming the repeated pattern along the same projecting from
the outside thereof, substantially as described.
2. In ornamenting thin ductile metallic and other tubes the employment of a
mandrel carrying one or more pattern rollers on the periphery of which latter a
portion or portions of the required pattern is or are formed in relief the said
mandrel and its pattern roller or pattern rollers being adapted to be forced
through the tube and the rollers to act upon the inside walls of the tube and form
the repeated pattern along the same projecting from the outside thereof,
substantially as described.
3. In ornamenting thin ductile metallic and other tubes the employment of an
indiarubber lined box for holding the tube in combination with a mandrel carrying
one or more pattern rollers on the periphery of which latter a portion or portions
of the required pattern is or are formed in relief, the said mandrel and its pattern
roller or pattern rollers being adapted to be forced through the tube and the rollers
to act upon the inside walls of the tube and form the repeated pattern along the
same projecting from the outside thereof, substantially as described.
4. In ornamenting thin ductile metallic and other tubes the employment of a
mandrel carrying one or more pattern rollers on the periphery of which latter a
portion or portions of the required pattern is or are formed in relief the said
mandrel and its pattern roller or pattern rollers being adapted to be forced
through the tube and the rollers to act upon the inside walls of the tube and
form the repeated pattern along the same projecting from the outside thereof, in
combination with two indiarubber coated rollers such as O¹, O* acting on the outside
of the tube, substantially as described.
This ad- of Amil 1905
CHARLES BOSWORTH KETLEY,
Agent for the Applicant.