matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF FIGURED RIBBONS AND OTHER TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Cole at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th March 1862.
I, THOMAS COLE, of the City of Coventry, Licensed Victualler, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF FIGURED RIBBONS AND OTHER TEXTILE FABRICS," to be as follows:-
Whereas figured ribbons and other figured textile fabrics are now made by
means of the jacquard machine. Now my Invention consists in substituting
for the jacquard machine a machine formed of a horizontal barrel or cylinder
with wire studs attached. These studs in revolving press on iron bolts which
come in contact with hooked rods and press the same to the griff, and the griff
raises the rods to form the figure on the ribbon. These rods form part of the
Invention for which Letters Patent were granted to David Gardner and myself,
on the 29th day of November 1860, N° 2936.
Sometimes, I use slats studded with wire studs, attached or not to the
cylinder, and instead of a cylinder a piece of wood of square or octagon shape
may be used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ARMOUR PLATES FOR SHIPS OP WAR, FLOATING AND LAND BATTERIES, AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Appleby at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th July
1862.
I, HENRY APPLEBY, of Tavistock Place, Plumstead, in the County of Kent,
Serjeant-Major in Her Majesty's Royal Body Guard, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ARMOUR PLATES FOR SHIPS
OP WAR, FLOATING AND LAND BATTERIES, AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction of armour or shield plates for
protecting ships of war and all kinds of batteries, and is represented in the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a front elevation, and
Fig. 2 a cross section of part of the side of a ship or battery, it cosists of two
plates of hammered iron or steel, B & C, with an intervening thickness of
timber D, bolted firmly together by bolts E; the heads A of the bolts exposed
to the shot are made of a conical shape, as shewn in the Drawing, and the
nuts for tightening the screws are placed within, as at F. The bolts E are
placed near together, so that the shot would strike the heads A instead of
the plates.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING HEMP PREPARATORY. TO ITS BEING SPUN
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Tragheim at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th November
1862.
I, SAMUEL TRAGHEIM, of No. 83, Kirkgate, Leith, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING HEMP PREPARATORY.
TO ITS BEING SPUN," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in a mode of treating hemp in order to manufacture
therefrom a substitute for cotton and wool; for this purpose the hemp is
subjected to the various processes after mentioned.
I take a quantity of hemp and place it in a suitable vessel, to the bottom of
which is brought a steam pipe, and the hemp is saturated with steam till it is
softened sufficiently for the next process; the softened hemp is then hackled
till the fibres split up into numerous parts; the hemp is hackled to the
same extent as when it is wanted to be used as yarn, as heretofore; the product
is next subjected to the operation of the machine used in cotton manufactories
and known by the name of a "devil" by which the hemp will be torn up and
lose the appearance of hemp. The product is soaked in water which bas
been prepared in the following manner:-A quantity of chloride of lime
is put at the bottom of a vessel and lukewarm water poured on to it; the
chloride of lime is not stirred, but after the water has remained for an hour
or two it is run off and applied in a suitable vessel to the hemp; the hemp
is to remain in this liquid until it is well saturated, it is then taken out and
washed in cold water and then dried; the product is next to be subjected

page_text: to the bleaching process like yarn, and dried; the product is then passed
through a carding engine, and comes out a substance which if the hemp used
has been Riga hemp is similar to cotton, and if it has been St. Petersburg
hemp that has been used, resembles a mixture of cotton and wool. The
nature of the product in each case will depend on the class of hemp employed.
In some cases the quality of the hemp used may render it desirable or
necessary to employ a machine for cutting the fibres of the hemp before it is
put through the "devil."
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING SODIUM FROM CERTAIN SOURCES OF THAT METAL
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Dickson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th August
1862.
I, JAMES DICKSON, of 66, Tollington Road, Holloway, Middlesex, Gentle-
man, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN OBTAINING SODIUM FROM CERTAIN SOURCES OF THAT METAL," to be as
follows:-
This I effect by subjecting fused common salt to the action of a current of
voltaic electricity applied thereto in suitable vessels by means of carbon or
other suitable anodes and cathodes immersed therein; or I subject to similar
treatment caustic or anhydrous soda, or suitable salts of soda when fused in
suitable vessels. For an example, common salt is fused in a cast-iron vessel,
into the said fused common salt is then immersed a carbon pole, so as not to
touch the said cast-iron vessel; a current of voltaic electricity is now passed
by the said carbon pole or anode through the said fused common salt to the
said cast-iron vessel, at the surface of which sodium is released, and collected
by suitable contrivances, A partition of suitable material is used in the said
iron or other vessel to separate the products of the said decomposition, and
mechanical or other modifications of the said arrangement are used to obtain
the said products of voltaic decomposition.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN OVERALLS, LEGGINGS, OR IN OVER BOOTS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Gallagher at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th April
1862.
I, HENRY GALLAGHER, of Bermondsey, in the County of Surrey, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN OVERALLS, LEGGINGS, OR IN OVER BOOTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing a boot of such dimensions that it
shall be readily drawn on over the ordinary shoes or boots and trousers, or leg
and foot, when dressed in the ordinary garments; and this boot I make with
a sole of a peculiar character, it having in fact no sole beneath the "ball" part
of the foot; and I prefer to make the toe part of steel or iron, and the "waist"
much lighter than in ordinary boots and shoes; also to some height from the
ankle a cut is made, and an elastic side spring inserted with the view to faci-
litate the over boot being pulled on and off, and held firmly in position on the
leg when in use. This side spring may be applied to leggings or knicker-
bockers, in which case the ordinary side opening would not be required. The
height of these over boots may vary, and reach to just above the ankle, half
way up the leg, or to over the knee, or otherwise as desired; also, instead of
the side spring, an opening or openings might be made down one side of the
leg of the over boot, so as to enable the side to be thrown open like a flap or
flaps, which could be shut to and secured in similar manner to ordinary
leggings or knickerbockers.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Tomlinson Bousfield at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th October 1862.-A communication from abroad by Goran Fredrik
Göransson, of Gefle, in the Kingdom of Sweden.
I, GEORGE TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Lougborough Park, Brixton, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of iron
and steel. In the manufacture of iron and steel by blowing atmospheric air
into and through melted cast iron when contained in a suitable vessel, it
has been usual to employ several tuyeres at or near the bottom of the vessel
containing the melted cast iron.
This Invention consists in applying a single tuyere at the side of the vessel
near the bottom. The form of the tuyere may be varied. By thus using
only one tuyere considerable advantage is derived in this manufacture.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ANCHORS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Duncan Preston Cunningham
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th May 1862.
I, HENRY DUNCAN PRESTON CUNNINGHAM, of Bury House, Alverstoke, in
the County of Hants, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ANCHORS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to manufacture anchors in which penetrating
and holding powers are combined, together with facility for breaking out of
the ground when being weighed. My Invention consists in constructing the
arms of anchors to terminate in a "pick" or penetrating bar, similar to that of
an ordinary pick-axe, and in forming a fluke or broad holding surface at the
inner end of the pick, and between it and the shaft or shank. The pick-axe
termination of the arms will ensure penetration, while the fluke or broad
surface thereof or thereon will impart great holding power. In weighing also,
the particular construction of the arm will enable it readily to break out of the
ground.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING MACHINES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Varley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th June 1862.
I, SAMUEL VARLEY, of Sleaford, in the County of Lincoln, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
REAPING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in reaping machines relates, first, to the
eutting instruments used, and consists in the application of a stationary cutter
which has A-shaped or angular projections forming a series of apices standing
forward to the crop to be cut, and somewhat similar to the ordinary reci-
procating cutters. I dispose a double-edged lever cutting blade between each
of the apices before mentioned and pivot it centrally in the rear of each V at
the centre of each fixed cutter, and employ a screw as a fulcrum, by which the
pressure can be regulated to press the lever cutters on to the stationary cutters
and cause them to cut like a pair of shears. I also use a bearing point or
fulcrum behind the fulcrum proper, to form, a rest or bearing point to hold
up the rear part of the lever cutters and so insure the proper effect of the
regulating screw to keep the cutting, edges together. The several cutting
levers are jointed and cut on both edges, while the tails or free ends are each
connected by short connecting rods which connect them with a reciprocating
bar by which a reciprocating motion is communicated to them from the
motion of the machine as usual in reaping machines.
The second part of my Invention relates to the means and apparatus for the
delivery of the cut crop, which I effect by means of a rake or rakes mounted

page_text: on an endless chain or chains, wire rope, or straps moving in a vertical plane
transversely to the forward motion of the machine. I form a platform of
sufficient breadth and length from front to back to receive the cut crop;
behind this I dispose the endless chains from which the rakes project forward
and are carried by them at a low elevation from one side to the other, and so
rake off the cut crop on the platform. Having so delivered it the rake is
carried up vertically at the delivery side, and backwards horizontally at the
highest elevation; having performed the retrograde movement, it again
descends on the opposide side of the platform and repeats the operation. One,
two, or more rakes are mounted on the same chains according to the crop and
the bulk of sheaves to be delivered, in which form the crop is deposited on the
ground. The ends of the stems of the rakes I cause to traverse in suitable
guide grooves to keep the rakes firmly in their proper position during their
traverse. I gear the wheels that carry and drive the endless chains so that the
motion and traverse of the chains can be reversed, and therefore the crops can
be delivered on either side of the platform as desired in sheaf lots.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DECORTICATING GRAIN AND SEEDS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry. Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his. Petition, on the 7th
November 1862.-A communication from abroad by Jules Lemoine and
Louis Joseph Maximilien Chollet, both of Paris, in the Empire of
France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DECORTICATING GRAIN AND SEEDS," a communication from
abroad by Jules Lemoine and Louis Joseph Maximilien Chollet, both of
Paris, in the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a chemical process for decorticating grain and
seeds of all kinds in substitution for the mechanical processes hitherto adopted
for this purpose. According to this Invention it is proposed to treat the
grain or seeds to be decorticated by subjecting the same to the action of acids
or alkalies, or acid or alkaline compounds (assisted or not by heat), for the
purpose of destroying the outer skin or pellicle adhering to grain and seeds of
all kinds without injuring the kernel of the grain or seed itself, for which pur-
pose also the chemicals employed should be used in a semi-fluid or viscous
state. The best result will be obtained from the use of sulphuric acid of
about 66 degrees of strength, Baumé. Sulphuric acid diluted with water may
be also used, but it will require a longer time to produce desired results.
Nitric and chlorhydric acids may also be employed, assisted by heat if desired,

page_text: and in some cases caustic soda or potash may be used. In carrying out the
process of chemical decortication by the use of sulphuric acid, for example,
the grain or seeds to be treated are introduced into a wooden vessel or one
lined with lead, and sulphuric acid of 66 degrees of strength, Beaumé, is added
thereto in the proportion of about 15 parts by weight of sulphuric acid to
each 100 parts by weight of the grain or seeds, which should be in a dry state
before introduction into the vessel. The whole is then well stirred or agitated
for the space of from 15 to 20 minutes, so as to cause the whole of the grain
or seeds to be brought in contact with the acid. So soon as the grain assumes
a slightly purple tint 50 parts by weight of water are to be added, which after
being well stirred with the mass for a few minutes is to be run off and pre-
served for further use until it attains a strength of 40 degrees of acid, Beaumé.
After a further thorough washing in water, and the traces of acid have been
removed by the aid of any suitable alkaline solution, the grain is spread
upon cloths, when it is partially dried, and then removed to other cloths, and
submitted to the action of natural or artificial currents of air, which completes
the drying of the grain.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PADDLE WHEELS, APPLIED EITHER FOR PROPELLING STEAM BOATS, OR AS PRIME MOVERS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Daniel Gavillet and Jean
Pierre Felix Gandon at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 18th May 1862.
We, JEAN DANIEL GAVILLET and JEAN PIERRE FELIX GANDON, of No. 26,
Rue Leonie Montmartre, in the City of Paris, the former Engineer and the
latter a Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PADDLE WHEELS, APPLIED EITHER FOR PROPELLING STEAM BOATS,
OR AS PRIME MOVERS," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in a peculiar arrangement and combination of the
paddles or pallets of water wheels used either for propelling steam boats, or as
prime movers, which paddles are hinged on horizontal shafts properly disposed
around the circular plate or frame of said wheels in such way that these
paddles move freely on their shafts as the wheel revolves, the hinging point
being at about the third part of the length of the paddles, the longest or
heaviest side falls freely downwards when out of the water, and when the
fluid presses on them the longest arm of the said paddles bears against stopping
rods or bolts fastened in the wheel on each side of the paddles, so as to stop
its hinge motion on either side in the most advantageous position either to
work or slide through the water as the wheel revolves, allowing them to take
a radial position, which is maintained as long as they work, and is modified
before getting out of the water, so as to avoid their raising any of the fluid as
is the case with common paddle wheels.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EXTENDING TABLES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Gladstone May at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th July 1862.
I, WILLIAM GLADSTONE MAY, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Cabinet Maker, do hereby declaro the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EXTENDING TABLES," to be as
follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the arrangement and construction of apparatus
suitable for extending or lengthening dining room tables or what are known
as telescope tables. Under one modification the extending apparatus consists
of a series of adjustable bars or laths'arranged and jointed together to form what
is known as the lazy-tongs movement, and admit of the table being extended
or contracted at pleasure within the limits of the lever arrangement. To one
end of the frame of the table is fixed a bracket piece to which is jointed two
bars or laths that form the first of the series; these bars extend outwards to
the width of the table. To the free extremities of the primary bars or laths
are jointed two other bars, which are jointed at the centre where they over-
lap one another, and are sufficiently_long to extend quite across the width
of the table in an angular direction. The free ends of these secondary bars
or laths are jointed in like manner to a third pair, and so on until a sufficient
number of pairs of bars or laths are connected together to obtain the required
amount of extension. The series of bars or laths is completed by a short pair
similar to the first, which are jointed in like manner to a bracket piece

page_text: fixed to the framing at the opposite end of the table. A band lever is
attached to one of the bars or laths and is arranged so that it may be
turned outwards so as to project beyond the side of the table. By turning
this lever in one direction the system of bars or laths are caused to extend,
and so carry the telescopic framing of the table out to the full extent or any
desired portion thereof. The separato leaves of the table to fill in the space
between the end pieces are fitted in according to the usual manner.
ment of the hand lever contracts the table to its smallest size, and in this way
the extension or contraction of the table is effected with great ease and rapidity
as well as simplicity of the mechanical arrangement.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Rodgett at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th April
1862.
I, SAMUEL RODGETT, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Foreman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
My Invention is designed for the purpose of dispensing with the weights
hitherto employed to weight the yarn beam at the back of the loom, and
consists in the novel application of a screw and nut or screws and nuts to the
friction rope coiled around the yarn beam. One end of the rope is furnished
with a screw, and the rope is coiled round the "beam" as usual, and thence
passes under a pulley guiding it to the "rocking" or "slay shaft," to which
it is attached by means of a nut in such a manner as to be adjustable, so that
as the slay vibrates the tension of the yarn is varied; when "shedding" it
becomes slightly slackened, and tightened when "beating up."
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE SLIDE VALVES OF STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Wood at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd August
1862.
I, TпомAS WOOD, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE SLIDE VALVES OF STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to reduce the friction, and consequently
the power required to work the slide valves of steam engines.
My Invention consists in forming an elastic diaphragm on the upper side
and over the exhaust cavity of the valve, which elastic diaphragm is intended
so that of itself it would not support the pressure of the steam acting upon it;
but it is supported or sustained by a plate placed under the diaphragm con-
nected with or resting upon antifriction wheels, pulleys, or rollers which work
upon prepared surfaces, or the plate under the diaphragm is connected with
one end of a rod, the other end being jointed with a fixed centre. The elastic
diaphragm may be formed of metal, india-rubber, (suitably prepared and pro-
tected) or other suitable elastic material. The supporting antifriction pulleys
are placed in the exhaust cavity of the valve, and work upon a prepared
pathway made across the exhaust port, otherwise the plate supporting the
elastic diaphragm is connected with the segment of a pulley, the circular part
of which rests upon a prepared surface in the exhaust port; otherwise in the
case of two valves working back to back, same as in an outside cylinder
locomotive engine, the two elastic diaphragms of the valves are connected by

page_text: a rod passing between the two, the elasticity of the diaphragms allowing for
the difference between the movements of the valves, and thus the pressure
upon the elastic diaphragm of the one valve counterbalances that upon the other
valve; otherwise the elastic diaphragm of the valve is connected to a plate or a
carriage on the exterior of the valve, which is provided with rollers arranged
to work upon a pathway in the valve box on each side of the valve. With
either of these arrangements the pressure of the steam is prevented from
forcing the valve against the facing of the ports with excessive pressure, and
consequently the power to work the valve is very greatly diminished.
IMPROVEMENTS IN. THE. MANUFACTURE OF IRON
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Cochrane at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th. June
1862.
I, CHARLES COCHRANE, of the Ormesby Iron Works, Middlesbro'-on-Tees,.
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN. THE.
MANUFACTURE OF IRON," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of iron.
For these purposes aluminate of soda or of potash is used in order to purify
and improve the manufacture of iron. It is preferred that the aluminate of
soda or potash should be applied to and mixed with iron when in the melted.
state and when the iron is about to be puddled, but the application of the
aluminate may be at a different part of the process of the manufacture of. iron,
than that above mentioned.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR MACHINERY FOR CLEANING AND DECORTICATING WHEAT AND OTHER GRAIN
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Coombe at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
August 1862.
I, BENJAMIN COOMBE, of 30, Mark Lane, in the City of London,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR MACHINERY FOR CLEANING AND DECORTICATING
WHEAT AND OTHER GRAIN," to be as follows:-
According to my improvements in apparatus for decorticating and cleaning
wheat and other grain, I subject the grain to a severe scrubbing action
between a pair or several pairs of horizontal surfaces or discs, one of each pair
of which is stationary, and the other rotating on an axis. These surfaces are
roughened or suitably furnished with scrubbers, as may be desired.
I dispose
one, two, three, or more of the rotating discs on a vertical axis, the one being
placed at a suitable distance below the other. The whole is mounted in a
suitable framing, and the axis can be raised or lowered at pleasure, so as to
approach or separate the scrubbing discs according to the nature of the grain
or the treatment it is to be subjected to. The grain to be treated is fed into
a hopper in the upper stationary disc, and enters by a hole in the centre
thereof. The centrifugal action created by the rotating disc carries the grain
towards the periphery, where it escapes and falls into a cone or hopper of
wire cloth, or other perforated material, and is conducted by it to the centre
of the next pair of cleaning discs, and so on through the whole series, and

page_text: escapes at the bottom cleaned as 'desired. The matters separated from the
grain either pass through the perforated material of the hoppers or conducting
cones mentioned, or is separated and blown out by a fan, the blast of which
takes effect on the scrubbed grain. Wheat and other grain may thus be
thoroughly scrubbed and cleaned. Instead of flat discs, as described, they
may be cones, according as it is desired to keep the grain a longer or shorter
time between the scrubbing surfaces.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REPEATING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th November 1862.-A communication from abroad by William Albert
Shepard, of New York City, United States of America.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REPEATING FIRE-ARMS,"
to be as follows:-
These improvements in repeating fire-arms relate to a modification of certain
of the working parts. The hammer and the trigger I operate by a combina-
tion of the main spring and the sere spring which are united at the ends that
are fastened to the stock. The main spring works on the hammer by means
of a swivel and causes the blow of the hammer. The hammer is thrown back.
by the sere spring acting on the trigger and thence through an arm of a
forked lever. The rotating cylinder containing the cartridges is made to: revolve
by means of a flexible arm of the forked lever. This flexible arm works into.
ratchet teeth cut on the rear end of the cylinder. In its return motion it is
free to slide over the teeth, and when in action it pushes round the cylinder so as
to bring the next cartridge before the hammer. A small arm attached is to and
projects forward from the hammer, and at every blow of the hammer is forced
into one of a series of holes in the rear end of the cylinder for the purpose of

page_text: holding the cylinder firm during the discharge. Fixed ammunition is used
in the fire-arm, and the blow of the point of the hammer or of a pin held
by a spring discharges in succession the metallic cartridge, whether of pistol,
rifle, or carbine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING WOOD
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Alfred Waddington at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th November 1862.
I, WILLIAM ALFRED WADDINGTON, of 44, Stonegate, York, Pianoforte
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING WOOD," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for cutting
wood, and the machinery is peculiarly suitable for cutting hollow and convex
For these
work suitable for the fronts of pianofortes and other similar work.
purposes the wood to be cut is clamped or fixed on a sliding part of the surface
of a bench. This sliding part receives motion by means of a horizontal shaft,
on which there is a pinion which takes into a rack on the under side of the
sliding part of the bench. Motion is communicated to this horizontal shaft
or axis by a screw or worm on an upright shaft, which takes into and drives
a screw or worm wheel on the horizontal shaft. On the screw or worm shaft
is a pulley or drum which receives motion by a band or strap driven by a
drum or pulley on the driving shaft; two upright shafts are used, each of
which carries a rotating cutter, which by preference consists of three cutting
blades of the shape or contour of the intended front for a pianoforte or other
similar work. Each of the right-cutter shafts is driven by a strap on a drum
or pulley on the driving shaft. By this arrangement the wood to be cut as it
is moved by the sliding part of the bench is presented progressively to the
cutting blades of the rotating cutter, which is fixed on the upper end of each
upright shaft, and above the surface of the top of the bench.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARTRIDGES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 12th March 1862.-A communication from abroad by Elam Potter
and Julius Pomeroy, both of the City and State of New York, United
States of America.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
CARTRIDGES," to be as follows:--
of
This Invention of improvements in the manufacture of cartridges relates
to a method of making them with an envelope or covering of collodion instead
paper. In carrying out the Invention a mould composed of two parts is
employed. In this mould is placed the bullet and on the top of that the
powder which is slightly compressed by means of a plunger introduced into
the mould for the purpose. This pressure is applied simply for the purpose
of causing the grains of powder to adhere slightly to one another so
that they and the bullet may be removed from the mould in one mass.
The charge having been removed from the mould, and in order to make
the bullet and powder adhere, a narrow zone or strip of collodion is
run round the charge at the point where the bullet touches the powder.
When this zone of collodion is hard the charge or cartridge may be
lifted carefully by the bullet and dipped into liquid collodion of suitable

page_text: consistence, and when the first coating is dry the operation may be repeated
and a firm strong waterproof covering on the charge will be produced. When
finished the cartridges will be in a fit state to be stored away, but before being
used they should be greased in the usual manner.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PRO- TECTING HOUSES AND OTHER BUILDINGS FROM BURGLARS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Maurice Vogl at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th May
1862.
I, MAURICE VOGL, of Sambrook Court, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PRO-
TECTING HOUSES AND OTHER BUILDINGS FROM BURGLARS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of an improved apparatus for creating an alarm in the
event of an attempt being made to commit burglary upon a dwelling-house,
warehouse, or other building.
The apparatus is constructed somewhat in the form of a gun lock, the main-
spring and tumbler being enclosed in a metallic case, secured by rivets and by
the pivot screw on which the hammer works; one end of the case is fur-
nished with a projecting screw, or other convenient fastening, for the purpose
of fixing the apparatus into the jamb of a door or the sash of a window, or
shutter, or into any other part of a building necessary to be protected from
burglars. The lower half of the trigger works one way on a hinge or joint, so
as to enable a door or other movable or closing part of a building to be
brought when closed or shut from the back to the front of the trigger, the lower
part of which then falls or is brought back by a spring into a line with the
upper part, and offers an impediment to the opening of the door or window, or
to the motion of any other part of the building attempted to be acted upon by
the thief. The trigger when actuated releases the hammer, which falls upon

page_text: a nipple on the top of the case, and discharges a percussion cap, so as to cause
an alarm to the inmates, the police, or neighbours.
Instead of the ordinary hammer used in fire-arms, I propose in some cases
to apply a straight hammer actuated by a straight spring, on the principle of
a pocket-knife, in which case the door or other moving part is caused to act
direct upon the hammer, and cause it to descend upon the nipple, as before.
IMPROVED MECHANICAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR RAISING AND LOWERING BODIES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Hargrave Morgan at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st October 1862.
I, GEORGE HARGRAVE MORGAN, of Hereford, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MECHANICAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR RAISING
AND LOWERING BODIES," to be as follows:-
These arrangements consist of a number of ladder frames, each being of
less width than the other, so that the same may slide one within the other,
each having at the lower part thereof a cross piece with a screw socket for
taking the action of an upright screw shaft to be worked by tooth wheel
gearing and pulleys with driving band and crank handle (or equivalents for
the same) by giving motion to which each ladder frame will successively be
lifted, so as to bring the lower end thereof to the top of the next one in which
it slides, when it may be secured in position by means of a spring, a catch, or
a bolt or pin, which will hold the same in its position until the whole series or
the desired number of the series, or of series are thereby elevated, when, by the
bodies to be raised being moved up the steps of the ladder frames, the same
will be raised up, or they might be raised by being fixed on the top of the
innermost ladder frame; bodies will of course be lowered by a reverse
action.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN FITTING AND CONNECTING RUDDERS TO SHIPS AND OTHER FLOATING VESSELS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic William Harvey at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
December 1862.
I, FREDERIC WILLIAM HARVEY, of High Street, Putney, in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FITTING AND CONNECTING RUDDERS TO SHIPS AND OTHER FLOATING
VESSELS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to afford greater facility for "shipping" and
unshipping" rudders when a ship is either ashore or afloat under all cir-
cumstances, and to prevent, as far as may be, the possibility of the rudder being
lost or injured by the ship getting ashore. The means by which I propose to
effect these improvements are as follows:-Along the edge of the stern post of
a ship I form a circular-shaped groove or channel, with a slit or opening along
same, and the bottom thereof I form solid and circular, said groove and
channel is intended to, receive the shaft of the rudder, which should be formed
cylindrical, and fit easily therein. I also form an opening through the deck
of the ship, sufficiently large to receive the rudder, which has simply to be
lowered from the deck through said opening, the shaft of the rudder being
securely guided by and held in the grooved channel aforesaid. By these
means the use of "pintels" and "gudgeons" at present used for connecting
rudders to ships are entirely dispensed with. To the top of the rudder post
I connect a swivel cap, and the well-known right and left handed screw
steering tackle to that end of the screw of said tackle situate furthest aft,

page_text: I connect a long pin vertically, said pin passing through a hole in a stand, and
fixed to the ship's deck, so that upon the rudder striking upon any substance,
the rudder will be lifted, and with it the steering tackle and wheel, the long
pin aforesaid serving as the fulcrum for the said tackle to move upon. Upon
the obstruction being removed, the rudder and tackle will descend to their
normal position by their own weight. I propose to adapt tiller ropes to the
shaft of the rudder in case of accident to the screw steering tackle aforesaid,
and to connect same to an arm fixed on the rudder shaft, said arm serving
also to indicate the true position of the feather of the rudder during the steering
of the vessel. These improvements are especially adapted for iron ships.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edwards at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd August
1862.
I, JOHN EDWARDS, of 77, Aldermanbury, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
First, my Invention relates to the makeing of a continuous sleeper by
means of angle or other suitable irons rivetted back on to a tee iron,
leaving sufficient room between the irons to drop in a double-headed rail, the
bottom head resting on the tee iron, a bolt is passed through which holds the
rail in position.
Secondly, I rivet two angle or other shaped irons together, putting a web
between; on this so prepared I fix a bridge rail.
Thirdly, I place angle or other shaped irons back to back, and place a web
between them, the web is carried above the angle irons so as to form a stop for
the rail, which rail is bolted to the projecting part of the web to hold it in
position.
Fourthly, I place two angle or other shape irons back to back, placing.
between a web; this web and angle irons are then rivetted or bolted together,
leaving between the angle irons an opening about two inches deep. I then
form a suitable shape rail with a feather on one side; this feather drops into
the opening left between the angle irons and is bolted to them. When one head

page_text: is worn out it can be turned on its side and used in that position, and when
the second head is worn out it can be turned on its other side and used in
that position, thus forming a rail with three heads for running, thereby effecting
great economy.
Fifthly, I form a web of iron with a suitable hollow and projections in the
upper part; into this hollow I place a suitably formed rail, which is bolted
to the web. This rail is very light, and can be turned when one side is worn out
without interfering with the web.
Sixthly, I form a cradle of iron of suitable shape; into this cradle I drop a
double-headed rail which is bolted to the side of the cradle to hold it in
position.
Seventhly, I take a tee iron, and fix on the top of this tee iron a block of
timber, and on the top of this block of timber I fix a double, single, or bridge
rail, using the tee iron as a support.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM AND OTHER BOILERS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Law at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th February
1862.
I, GEORGE HENRY LAW, of 17, Rochester Road, Camden New Town, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM AND OTHER
BOILERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing the bottoms and those portions of
steam and other boilers, which are the heating surfaces thereof, as far as
practicable in the form or manner of pyramids or halves, quarters, thirds, or
other definite portion of pyramids, or as triangular or approximatively triangular
troughs, or as cones, conoids, or the approximations thereof, or in manner of
the forms and figures the reverse of these, or in honeycomb form.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING FRAMES AND THE BEDS OF HOTHOUSES; ALSO IN HEATING HOTHOUSES AND OTHER BUILDINGS USED FOR GROWING PLANTS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the Reverend Henry Moule at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
September 1862.
I, the Reverend HENRY MOULE, of Fordington Vicarage, Dorchester, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING FRAMES
AND THE BEDS OF HOTHOUSES; ALSO IN HEATING HOTHOUSES AND OTHER BUILDINGS
USED FOR GROWING PLANTS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in heating frames and the
beds of hothouses, also in heating hothouses and other buildings for growing
plants, and for other purposes.
In order to heat the beds of frames and hothouses in which pots containing
plants are placed, or which contain the earth in which the plants are growing,
or where moist heat is required for other purposes, I form below the bottom
of the bed a chamber, kept constantly or as often as required supplied with
steam; the steam is introduced into the chamber from a boiler heated by
preference by Moule's patent vapour-fed stove, but it may be heated in any
suitable stove or furnace; the bottom of the bed is formed by preference of
pantiles, so that the steam may rise between the tiles, and thus keep the earth
or material in the bed constantly moist. Below the steam chamber is another
chamber equal in extent to the bottom of the bed or frame, into which the
smoke from the stove, which generates the steam, is at once admitted on
leaving the stove; this chamber is also provided at another part of it with a
chimney or flue to permit the smoke to pass away. The top of the smoke

page_text: chamber, which also forms the bottom of the steam chamber, is composed of
iron, slate, tile, or other suitable material, and is made smoke-tight, and upon
being heated by the smoke serves to increase the heat of the steam in the
steam chamber. When the material in the bed is not required to be kept
moist, then the steam chamber may be dispensed with, and the bed be heated
by the top of the smoke chamber, forming the bottom of a chamber for heated
air, the smoke chamber being as before equal in extent to the bottom of the
bed.
In order to heat hothouses and other buildings used for growing plants or
for other purposes, I form an air chamber below the floor of the building, the
air chamber being equal in extent to the floor; below the air chamber is a
smoke chamber, also equal in extent to the floor, into which smoke is admitted
from a fire-place or furnace, and allowed to pass away through a flue or
chimney; the air in the air chamber is thus heated, and gratings or openings
are formed in the floor, which permit the heated air to escape into the
building.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Astrop at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st October
1862.
I, WILLIAM ASTROP, of Jubilee Street, Stepney, in the County of Middle-
sex, Stationer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment of the fibrous portions of the
roots of parsnips, carrots, and turnips of all kinds, and of the roots, stems, and
stalks of the beet, mangold wurzel, chicory and rhubarb plants for the manufac-.
ture of pulp for paper and cardboard, either separately or in combination with
each other, or in combination with any of the pulps now ordinarily used for
these purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC OR MINERALIZED FABRICS OR SURFACES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
May 1862. A communication from abroad by Charles Husson, of 45,
Rue St. Sebastien, Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
METALLIC OR MINERALIZED FABRICS OR SURFACES," to be as follows:-
This Invention of improvements in the manufacture of metallic or
mineralized fabrics or surfaces consists in coating or covering the surface
of a textile, woven, or other fabric with a thin sheet of metal, whereby the
substance will be rendered waterproof, and may be applied for a variety of
useful purposes in the arts.
In carrying out the Invention the foundation fabric, which may be of woven
cloth, felt, paper, or other suitable fabric, is to be covered over or impregnated
with a metallic composition or preparation, such as plumbago, white or red
lead mixed with any suitable adhesive material, or made into a bath, in which
the foundation substance may be dipped. The prepared material may then be
dipped in a metallic solution, (sulphate of copper, for instance,) and by means
of a galvanic or electric battery the metal from the solution may be deposited
upon the surface of the foundation fabric.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MATURING SPIRITS AND WINES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Léon Auguste Théophile
Sourbé at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 5th May 1862.
I, PIERRE LÉON AUGUSTE THEOPHILE SOURBÉ, of Condom, in the Empire of
France, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF MATURING SPIRITS AND WINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in maturing spirits and
wines. For this purpose whilst the spirit or wine is contained in a porous
vessel, by preference the wooden cask in which it is originally stored in the
country where it is produced, I heat and cool it alternately several times
successively, the cask or vessel being securely closed during the whole
operation, so that the heating process produces a considerable pressure within
the cask or vessel, so much so that the liquid to some extent sweats through
the pores of the wood or material of which the porous vessel is composed, and
evaporates at the surface. When the heating process is discontinued, and the
spirit or wine allowed to cool, a partial vacuum is produced within the cask or
vessel, and to supply this, air gradually enters through the pores of the cask
or vessel. The repetition of this process quickly causes the spirit or wine to
mature.
The following is the manner in which I prefer to conduct the process :-I
bore a hole at the lower part of the cask containing the spirit or wine to be
treated, and introduce thereat a plug, through which a bent pipe passes. The

page_text: plug closes the hole securely, and the pipe enters the cask through the plug,
then after passing on within the cask for a distance of, say, twenty inches
(more or less according to the size of the cask), it is bent round on itself, and
again passes out of the cask through the plug. One of the ends of this pipe
is connected conveniently by a tube of vulcanized india-rubber with a steam
pipe, and the other with a suitable exit. The steam is turned on and allowed
to circulate through the pipe until the cask is quite hot to the touch, the
steam is then shut off, and the cask and contents are allowed to cool till the
next day, when the process is repeated; usually this is done for three
successive days, but this will vary, as will also the temperature employed
according to the quality of the spirit or wine.