IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF REGULATING THE SUPPLY OF STEAM TO ENGINES
Year: 1885

page_text: 'I ARNOLD BUDENBERG of 1 Southgate Manchester in the County of Lancaster
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE METHOD OF REGULATING THE SUPPLY OF STEAM TO ENGINES, to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the government of steam engines and these Improve-
ments have for their object to ensure a precise and absolute control of the steam
supply.
In order to achieve this object the amount of work to be done by the governor
itself is greatly reduced and the necessary motion of the link work rods or other
apparatus is obtained by another mechanism the operation of which is controlled
by the governor.
The apparatus or mechanism employed to actuate the rods links or levers by the
motion of which the supply of steam to the engine is controlled consists of a small
steam cylinder piston and piston valve with suitable levers and rods for trans-
mitting the various motions To the piston rod is attached a lever hereinafter
called the main lever which moves upon a central fulcrum. At the opposite end of
this lever is pinned the rod or link controlling the steam supply. If steam is
admitted to the cylinder below the piston the corresponding end of the main
lever will be raised precisely as it would be if that end of the lever was connected
to the muff of the governor and an increase of speed occurred. If on the other
hand steam is admitted above the piston the contrary action takes place. In effect
the steam entering the engine is controlled by the action of live steam in the small
cylinder operating on either side of the piston and the governor is relieved of
this work in place of which it simply determines the position of the piston slide
or in other words upon which side of the piston steam shall be admitted. This
is effected by a system of levers connecting the governor muff with the piston
slide in such a manner that when the governor muff lifts, steam is admitted to the
under side of the piston and the reverse. This system of levers consists of an
angular lever connected to the governor muff, to the main lever and to a diagonal
Di Q.71

page_text: lever which at its opposite end is connected by a bell crank lever to the piston
slide. The piston slide consists of a rod working in a cylinder the ends of which
are enlarged and in communication with a steam supply. The piston slide near
each end is reduced in diameter so as to leave an annular space between it
and its cylinder. At points corresponding to the positions of the annular spaces
are ports leading into the steam cylinder respectively above and below the piston.
Nearer to each other than these ports are exhaust ports When the piston valve
is in its central position the steam ports are both closed to steam and exhaust by
the larger diameter of the rod, if the valve is lifted, steam has access only to the
upper port and the lower exhaust is open. If the valve is depressed steam can
enter only by the lower port and the upper exhaust port is open To prevent
vibration or irregular action of the piston valve it is provided at one end with
a spiral spring the effect of which is to cause the acting forces to become unsym-
metrical. The piston valve is entirely enclosed except at the centre where an
opening is provided for connecting the valve to the bell crank lever. As the
exhaust ports are between this opening and the steam spaces any live steam passing
the valve escapes by these ports, and glands and stuffing boxes are thereby
rendered unnecessary.
In order that the motion of the main lever may correspond exactly with the
motion of the governor muff the angular lever from the muff is connected to
the diagonal lever at a point in line with the fulcrum of the main lever. The
rising or sinking of the muff acting through the connecting levers causes steam to
be admitted above or below the piston and the main lever has a similar motion
imparted to it. If the main lever moves at a rate or through a space greater or
less than that moved through in the same time by the governor muff then their
relative difference of position brings into action the steam cylinder and the main
lever is instantly shifted until its position corresponds with that of the governor
muff. This is effected by the temporary displacement of the relative positions of
the fulcrum of the main lever and the connection of the diagonal and angular
levers.
The sole work to be performed by the governor is the slight movement of the
light system of levers controlling the piston valve which is almost frictionless.
The governor is thus more than usually sensitive and the secondary system of
government or steam control is more instantaneous and effective than would be the
case if the controlling apparatus was connected directly to the governor muff
as usual.

page_text: Improvements in Apparatus for Regulating the Supply of Steam
to Engines.
I ARNOLD BUDENBERG of 1 Southgate Manchester in the County of Lancaster
Mechanical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :—
This Invention relates to the government of Steam Engines and these Improve-
nents have for their object to ensure a more precise and absolute control of the
steam supply.
In order to achieve this object the amount of work to be done by the governor
itself is greatly reduced and the necessary motion of the link work, rods or other
apparatus is obtained by another mechanism the operation of which is controlled
by the governor.
And in order that this Invention may be more readily understood and carried
into practical effect, I have hereunto appended a sheet of drawings having the
various Figures thereon marked with letters of reference. In all the Figures
similar parts where they occur; are marked with similar letters and reference is
hereinafter had thereto.
Fig. 1 shows a side elevation of the apparatus. Fig. 2 a view partly in elevation
and partly in section of the steam cylinder and piston valve and Fig. 3 a section
through AB Fig. 2.
'
The apparatus or mechanism employed to actuate the rods links or levers by the
motion of which the supply of steam to the Engine is controlled, consists of a
small steam cylinder N with its piston and piston rod, and a slide or piston valve X
together with suitable levers and rods in combination with a governor and the
necessary pedestals, brackets, or fixings. To the piston rod is attached one end
of a lever L which moves upon a fulcrum S. At the opposite end of L is
pinned a rod or link D controlling the steam supply. If steam is admitted to the
cylinder N below the piston the corresponding end of L will be raised precisely as
it would be if connected to the mutf of the governor and an increase of speed
occurred. If on the other hand steam is admitted above the piston the contrary
action takes place. In effect the steain entering the engine is controlled by the
action of live steam in the small cylinder N operating on either side of the piston
and the governor is relieved of this work in place of which it simply determines
the position of the piston or slide X or in other words upon which side of the
piston steam shall be admitted. This is effected by a system of levers connecting
the governor muff with the piston slide in such a manner that when the
governor muff lifts, steam is admitted to the under side of the piston or the reverse.
This system of levers consists of an angular lever C connected to the governor
muff, to the lever L, and to a diagonal lever F which at its opposite or lower end
is connected by a bell crank or equivalent lever H to X. The piston or slide
valve X consists of a rod or slide working in a cylinder the ends of which Z Z

page_text: are enlarged and in communication with a live steam supply O. The piston or
slide X is reduced in diameter near each end b b¹ so as to leave an annular space
between it and the cylinder. At points corresponding to the positions of 6 b¹ are
ports or passages cc' leading into N respectively above and below the piston.
Nearer to each other than cc are exhaust ports or passages m m¹. When X is in
its central position both the steam and the exhaust ports or passages are closed by
the larger diameter of X. If X is lifted the upper larger diameter enters the
enlarged space and steam has access through the annular space from Z through c
to the upper side of the piston and the lower side of the piston is in open com-
munication with the exhaust, O¹, through c¹ b¹ and m¹. If X is depressed, steam
enters by b¹ and e¹ from Z' and the upper side of the piston in N is in communi-
'cation with the exhaust O¹, through cbm. As a result of these motions of X
derived from the governor muff the piston in N is correspondingly moved and
with it the lever L and consequently the rod D controlling the steam supply.
To prevent irregular action of X it may be supplied or provided at one end with
a spiral spring as at Z Fig. 2 the effect of which is to cause the acting forces to
become unsymmetrical. The slide X is entirely enclosed except at the centre
where an opening is provided for connecting X to the lever H on the lower end
of E as shown in Fig. 3. As the exhaust ports or passages m m³ are between the
opening and the steam spaces any live steam passing the valves escapes by m or m¹
and glands or stuffing boxes are thereby rendered unnecessary.
In order that the motion of the lever L may correspond exactly with that of
the governor muff, the lever C is connected to For a projection therefrom in line
with S. The raising or sinking of the governor muff acting through the connecting
levers causes steam to be admitted above or below the piston in N, and the lever L
has a similar motion imparted to it. If L moves at a rate or through a space
greater or less than that moved through in the same time by the governor muff,
then their relative difference of position brings into action the steain cylinder N,
and L is instantly shifted until its position corresponds with that of the governor
muff. This is effected by the temporary displacements of the relative positions
of S and the point of connection between C and F.
A modification of the levers and link work is represented in Figs. 4 and 5, Fig. 4
being an elevation and Fig. 5 a horizontal section.
The lever C is actuated from the governor muff and turns conjointly with L¹
upon the centre S¹. So long as a relative displacement of L' and C¹ does not take
place they remain in their relative positions indicated in Fig. 4. By the side of L'
is placed the small straight lever II which turns or moves upon III when it is
inoved from its middle position by the pin or bolt I. As soon as the governor muff
rises or falls the lever C¹ moves upon the axis S₁ whereby the pin I receives an up
or down motion which is transfered to the lever II, a sufficient amount of play
being permitted at V. This movement of the lever II and the pin IV which
connects the lever II with the diagonal rod or lever F¹ is transfered to the piston
or slide X controlling the steam supply in N. The movement of the piston in N
by the reversal of II and the corresponding displacement of L¹ causes the relative
return movement of the lever C to the lever L¹ as herein before described in
relation to Figs. 1 and 2.
The sole work to be performed by the governor is the slight movement of the
light system of levers and rods controlling X which is almost frictionless. The
governor is thus more than usually sensitive and this secondary system of
government or steam control is more instantaneous and effective than would be
the case if the controlling apparatus was connected directly to the governor muff
as usual.
I desire it to be understood that I do not limit myself to the precise details as
herein before described and as communicated to me from abroad, nor do I claim
broadly the method of controlling the admission of steam to engines by means of
secondary mechanism.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
(1.) In apparatus for controlling the supply of steam to engines, the combination
of the lever L or L with the lever C or C of which, L or L¹ moves on a fixed
point S or S¹ while C or C with its pivot, is carried by L or L' in such a manner
that when C or C¹ is moved relatively to L or L¹ this movement is transferred
directly to the slide X, and indirectly, through the operation of the steun on the
piston in N, to the lever L or L' which is thereby restored to its normal position
relatively to C or C¹, substantially as hereinbefore set forth and described and as
illustrated on the accompanying sheet of Drawings.
(2.) In apparatus for controlling the supply of steam to Engines, the combi-
nation of the cylinder N with its piston, and the described system of levers and
rods connecting the piston and the lever II and rod D respectively, with the piston
slide X, substantially as hereinbefore set forth and described and as illustrated on
the accompanying-sheet of Drawings.
(3.) The construction and arrangement of the piston slide X, substantially as
and for the purpose hereinbefore set forth and described and as illustrated on the
accompanying sheet of Drawings.
(4.) The combination and arrangement of the piston slide X and the spiral
spring, substantially as hereinbefore set forth and described and as illustrated in
the accompanying sheet of Drawings.
DL: L
1000
WILLIAM E. HEYS,
Agent for the Applicant.