Improvements in the Manufacture of Varnishes.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 4th June, 1890
Complete Specification Left, 28th Feb., 1891-Accepted, 2nd May, 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Varnishes.
I, BERNARD PIFFARD of Hill House, Redbourn Road, Hemel Hempstead
in the County of Herts Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:--
This invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of varnishes.
I produce in the first instance the lead salts of the isomeric acids constituting
colophony and I add beeswax to the colophony previous to the application of
heat which determines combination. This prevents the deterioration of the colour
of the colophony and improves the varnish made from the lead salts.
I prefer to proceed as follows:-I take rosin and mix it with the lead oxides in
the proportion of 2 rosin and 1 lead oxide, and I add to of bees wax.
12
To this mixture I apply a heat of about 250° in an oven till combination is
obtained, stirring frequently.
When combination is complete the heat should be kept up till the excess of oxide
has subsided and the supernatant liquid should then be passed off, allowed to cool
and ground to a fine powder.
I then mix the powder with rectified benzole or rectified turpentine or other
solvent in the proportion of 2 parts by weight of the lead salt to 3 parts fluid
measure of the solvent.
I then raise the mixture to boiling heat and keep at that heat till the liquid
becomes transparent but no longer; the reason for continuing the heat till clear is
that some one or other or others of the colophonates are not so soluble as the
other or others, they must all be dissolved together. The varnish may be used hot
or cold according to circumstances and hardens rapidly.
I use preferably rosin as prepared by Hunt & Pochins Patent 1858 No. 925 this
rosin being nearly colourless.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Varnishes.
I, BERNARD PIFFARD, of Hill House, Redbourn Road, Hemel Hempstead, in
the County of Herts, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of varnishes.
I produce in the first instance the lead salts of the isomeric acids constituting
colophony and I add beeswax to the colophony previous to the application of heat
which determines combination. This prevents the deterioration of the colour of
the colophony and improves the varnish made from the lead salts.
I prefer to proceed as follows:-I take rosin and mix it with the lead oxides
(preferably litharge) in the proportion of 2 rosin and 1 lead oxide, and I add
to of beeswax.
In place of beeswax I can employ other bodies of a waxy nature as paraffin.
To this mixture I apply a heat of about 250° Fahrenheit in an oven till com-
bination is obtained, stirring frequently.
When combination is complete the heat should be kept up till the excess of oxide

page_text: has subsided and the supernatant liquid should then be passed off, allowed to cool
and ground to a fine powder.
This product I call "Artificial Copal."
I then mix the powder with rectified benzole or rectified turpentine or other
solvent in the proportion of 2 parts by weight of the lead salt to 3 parts fluid
measure of the solvent.
I then raise the mixture to boiling heat and keep at that heat till the liquid
becomes transparent but no longer the reason for continuing the heat till clear is
that some one or other or others of the colophonates are not so soluble as the
other or others, they must all be dissolved together. The varnish may be used
hot or cold according to circumstances and hardens rapidly.
I use preferably rosin as prepared by Hunt & Pochins' Patent 1858. No. 925.
this rosin being nearly colourless.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:
1. A. vanuish consisting of a colophonate of lead; wax or waxy matter, and a
solvent combined substantially as described.
2. The herein described process of manufacturing varnish which consists in
mixing colophony with lead oxide and wax or waxy matter; then fusing the
mixture; then drawing off the clear liquid portion; and afterwards dissolving it in
a solvent.
Dated this 27th day of February 1801
B. PIFFARD.