Improvements in Revolving Pendulum Governors for Engines.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Dec., 1893-Accepted, 6th Jan., 1894
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Revolving Pendulum Governors for Engines.
We, JULIUS BEGTRUP, and JAMES HENRY MCEWEN, both of Ridgeway, Elk
County, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Engineers, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Reference is made to the accompanying drawings in which :-
Fig. 1, is a side elevation of a governor embodying our invention:
Fig. 2, a front elevation, part vertical section of the same, the section being
taken in the plane of line a of other figures:
Fig. 3, a plan of the structure with various portions omitted:
Fig. 4, a side elevation of a modified form of governor embodying our invention :
Fig. 5, a plan, partly in section of the same: and
Fig. 6, a side elevation of a detail of the same.
Referring to the drawings, and omitting Figs. 4, 5 and 6 entirely from considera-
tion at present :-
-
1, indicates the housing for the support of the governor :
2, the spindle of the governor, mounted to rotate in the housing and also capable
of vertical motion therein, as hereinafter explained:
3, a screw thread on the lower end of the spindle:
4, a bevel-gear screwed onto the lower end of the spindle, the direction of thread
being such that the gear will screw onto the spindle when turned in the direction in
which the governor is to be rotated:
5, a bevel-gear gearing into the first mentioned gear and fixed on a driving-
shaft:
6, the driving-pulley on this driving-shaft:
7, the driving-belt:
8, an arm pivoted to the governor housing alongside the belt and driving
pulley
9, a roller on the free end of this lever, the roller lying on the driving-belt,
whereby the lever is supported in a normal position:
10, a lug projecting from the rear face of the driving-pulley:
11, a stop formed upon lever 8 and projecting downward in the vertical plane of
revolution of lug 10 but supported by the lever in such normal position as to be
outside the path swept by the lug, but adapted, when the belt ceases to support
the lever, to drop down into the path of and arrest the motion of the lug, and
consequently, of the pulley:
12, a sleeve upon the governor-spindle, to be adjusted vertically by the operation
of the governor :
13, a connection from this sleeve, through the medium of which the vertical
movement of the sleeve may impart proper controlling motion to the valve or
valve-gear of the engine: and
14, a cylinder secured to the governor-spindle and having sleeve 12 acting in it
as a piston.
Sleeve 12 rises and falls under the action of the governor in the usual manner.
Its co-operation with cylinder 14 forms a dashpot serving to steady the action of
the governor.
If, while the engine is in motion, the governor-belt breaks, lever 8 will be no longer
supported and stop 11 will drop into the path of lug 10, thus causing the immediate
arrest of driving-pulley 6 and the two bevel-gears. But the momentum of the

page_text: governor will cause the governor-parts to continue their rotation for an interval,
and this continued rotation of the governor-spindle, while gear 4 is stationary causes
the spindle to screw upward out of gear 4, thus raising the spindle and sleeve 12
and acting on connection 13 to stop the engine, thus preventing racing of the
engine in case of breakage of the governor-belt.
Proceeding with a consideration of Fig. 2-
15, indicates the centrifugal-arm of the governor, pivoted at the top of the
governor-spindle and having the form of elbows, one member extending parallel
with the governor-spindle and the other member extending outwardly nearly at
right angles thereto, the arms forming the centrifugal-weights of the governor
and, when inward, substantially enclosing the upper portion of the governor-
spindle
16, links connecting the outer portions of the centrifugal-arms with the
sleeve 12, whereby the outward and inward movement of the arms produce.
tlie rising and falling motion of the sleeve to effect the adjustment of the valve or
valve-gear:
17, a horizontal rod extending loosely through the governor-spindle and through,
the upper portions of the centrifugal-arms:
18, springs upon this rod, acting inwardly upon the upper portion of the
centrifugal-arms :
19, buffers upon the rod within the springs, and adjustable along the. rod, and
serving to elastically check the ontward motion of the centrifugal-arms:
20, an inertia-weight mounted upon the upper end of the governor-spindle and
adapted for rotation thereon:
21, studs projecting outwardly from the side faces of the centrifugal-arms:
and
22, studs projecting rigidly downward from the inertia-weight 20 into articulate
engagement with the studs 21 whereby the inward and outward movement of the
centrifugal arms will cause a turning of inertia-weight 20 with reference to the
centrifugal-arms, and whereby a turning of the inertia-weight, with reference to
the centrifugal-arms, will cause an inward or outward movement of the centrifugal-
arms.
It will be noticed in Fig. 3. that there are four of the studs 21, one projecting
from each face of each centrifugal-arm. But it is to be understood that only one
stud in each arm is to be employed, the additional studs being merely a provision
for use in case the governor is to be run in the opposite direction.
In the operation of the governor, centrifugal force, due to increased speed of
governor, moves the centrifugal-arms outwardly,- raising the controlling sleeve
and appropriately affecting the valve or valve-gear, and, a decrease in speed permits
the arms to move inwardly, under the effect of the weight of the centrifugal-arms
and the power of the centripetal acting springs, and thereby appropriately affect
the valve or valve-gear. As the centrifugal-arms move outwardly or inwardly, they
obviously cause a turning of the inertia-weight with reference to the centrifugal-
arms, the inertia of the inertia-weight tending to check any jerky tendencies of the
centrifugal-arms.
Again, assume the engine and governor to be running at normal speed, and
assume a sudden change in that speed. The inertia-weight is indisposed to
immediately respond to this change of speed on the part of the governor and
therefore seeks either to lag behind the rotating centrifugal-parts, or to maintain
its speed while the centrifugal-parts lag behind it as the case may be. The effect of
this relative lagging on the part of either the inertia-weight or the centrifugal-arms
is to produce a turning of the inertia-weight with reference to the centrifugal-arms,
such turning producing an inward or outward adjustment of the centrifugal-
arms. By means of this inertia-weight system a remarkably efficient control is had
over the valve or valve-gearing, resulting in an especially close regulation of the
speed of the engine.
In Figs. 4, 5 and 6, this inertia system is illustrated as embodied in a governor
J

page_text: 23, the centrifugal-arms:
24, the links connecting the centrifugal-arms with the sleeve:
25, the inertia-weight mounted to turn upon the governor-spindle:
26, toggle-rods reaching upwards from the sleeve to the inertia-weight and
supporting the inertia-weight and at the same time permitting it to turn on the
governor-spindle: and
27, horizontal links connecting the centrifugal-arms with the inertia-weight
in such manner that the inward and outward motion of the centrifugal-arms
is accompanied by a turning of the inertia-weight with reference to the centrifugal-
arms.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is:-
1. In a revolving pendulum governor for engines, a pair of centrifugal-arms
combined with an inertia-weight connected with said arms and adapted for a motion
of partial rotation with reference to said arms.
2. In a revolving pendulum governor for engines, an inertia-weight combined
with a dashpot.
3. In a revolving pendulum governor for engines, a pair of centrifugal-arms
pivoted to the governor-spindle and having the form of elbows with portions
projecting parallel with the spindle and portions projecting outwardly therefrom.
4. In a revolving pendulum governor for engines, a rod extending horizontally
across the axis of the governor-spindle and provided with springs acting inwardly
upon the centrifugal-arms of the governor.
5. In a governor for steam engines a screwed driving-gear combined with an
arresting stop held normally out of action by the presence of the driving-belt of the
governor, whereby the breaking of the belt arrests the driving-gear and causes the
governor-spindle to unscrew and effect the stopping of the engine.
Dated this 5th day of December 1893.
ALLISON BROS.,
Agents for the Applicants.