Improvements in the Manufacture of Tiles and other Porcelain, Earthenware, and similar Goods.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Oct., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 5th Feb., 1891-Accepted, 7th Mar., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Tiles and other Porcelain,
Earthenware, and similar Goods.
I, HENRY BAGGALEY; of 23, Ashford Street, Shelton Road, Stoke-on-Trent,
Tile Manager, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of encaustic inlaid and embossed tiles
and other goods or articles made of various kinds of porcelain, earthenware and the
like, and in carrying the invention into practice I prefer to proceed as will
presently appear.
Hitherto it has been customary when producing inlaid tiles to mould them upon
a flat surface thus producing a flat surface in the result, the pattern being inlaid in
the body of the tile, or where embossed designs have been made they have all been
produced in the one colour subsequently painted. Now by my invention I can
produce upon a plain ground an embossed inlaid and coloured design the colour of
each portion of the design extending entirely through that portion a distinct colour
body being employed for each separate portion. The invention may be carried out
in various ways differing as to detail but the following description will show one
method by which I have produced extremely satisfactory results.
In making a tile of this description I employ a flat die known as an indented
plate in which the pattern to appear raised upon the tile is sunk below the level of
the plate and I use in connection with this indented plate plates having certain
portions of the design cut out of them similar to the well known stencil plates.
These plates and the bottom die or indented plate are all adapted to fit in their
proper positions in the press so that in using them the various parts shall properly
correspond. Upon the indented plate is placed a pattern plate having the complete
pattern cut out of it; upon the pattern plate is placed the first of the stencils.
The opening or openings in this first stencil are filled with the requisite colour body
and the stencil is then removed and number two placed upon the pattern plate the
sane operation repeated with that and the succeeding stencils until the whole of the
pattern in its various colours is completed. The last of the stencils is removed and
a stamper having the pattern raised upon it in high relief is placed upon the pattern
plate so as to compress the dust in the various parts of the pattern. The pattern
plate is now lifted off carrying the stamper which is of considerable weight with it
and the whole design appears upon the indented plate standing largely above the
indented plate and partly within it. An apparatus known as the tool box is now
raised up all round the indented plate and the design upon it like the moulding box
of an ordinary moulding machine for metal casting and in this box the material of
which the body of the tile is to be made is first carefully applied and then the whole
of the tool box filled up. After this a plunger comes down or the whole apparatus
is raised or both in such manner that the whole of the tile is compressed to the
required consistency and thickness with the result that in the body of the tile
which may be all of the one colour is the pattern inlaid of the required depth each
portion of it having its own proper and complete colour and the whole pattern
projecting beyond the tile.
The tile can now be removed from the indented plate and press and is ready for
firing and may be glazed or not as required. The above description relating to flat
tiles will sufficiently serve to show the application of this invention to other articles
which need not be flat but may be curved or otherwise shaped as required, the
necessary alterations in the apparatus being accordingly made.
Dated this 28th day of October 1890.
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Tiles and other Porcelain,
Earthenware, and similar Goods.
1, HENRY BAGGaley, of 23, Ashford Street, Shelton Road, Stoke-on-Trent,
Tile Manager, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This invention relates to the manufacture of inlaid and embossed tiles and other
goods or articles made of various kinds of porcelain, earthenware, marl, and the
like, and in carrying the invention into practice 1 prefer to proceed as will
presently appear.
Hitherto it has been customary when producing inlaid tiles to mould them upon
a flat surface thus producing a flat surface in the result, the pattern being inlaid in
the body of the tile, or where embossed designs have been made, they have all been
produced in the one colour subsequently painted. Now by my invention I can
produce upon a plain ground an embossed, inlaid, and coloured design the colour of
cach portion of the design extending entirely through that portion a distinct colour
body being employed for each separate portion. The invention may be carried out
in various ways differing as to detail but the following description will show one
method by which I have produced extremely satisfactory results.
upon
In making a tile of this description I employ an indented die plate in which the
raised the tile is sunk below the level of the plate and I use
pattern to appear
in connection with this indented plate, plates having certain portions of the design
cut out of them similar to the well-known stencil plates. These plates and the
indented die plate are all adapted to fit in their proper positions in the press so that
in using them the various parts shall properly correspond. Upon the indented
plate is placed a pattern plate having the complete pattern cut out of it; upon the
pattern plate is placed the first of the stencils. The opening or openings in this
first stencil are filled with the requisite colour body and the stencil is then removed
and number two stencil placed upon the pattern plate, the same operation repeated
with that and the succeeding stencils, until the whole of the pattern in its various
colours is complete. The last of the stencils is removed and a stamper having the
pattern raised upon it in high relief is placed upon the pattern plate so as to
compress the dust in the various parts of the pattern. The pattern plate is now
lifted off carrying the stamper which is of considerable weight with it and the whole
design appears upon the indented plate standing above the indented plate and
partly within it. An apparatus known as the tool-box is now raised up all round
the indented plate and the design upon it like the moulding box of an ordinary
moulding machine for metal casting, and in this box the material of which the bod
of the tile is to be made is first carefully applied and then the whole of the tool-bo
filled up.
After this a plunger comes down in such a manner that the whole of th
tile is compressed to the required consistency and thickness with the result that i
the body of the tile which may be all of the one colour is the pattern inlaid of th
required depth each portion of it having its own proper and complete colour an
the whole pattern projecting beyond the tile.
The tile can now be removed from the indented plate and press and is ready fo
firing and may be glazed or not as required.
In the accompanying drawings a
:-
Fig. 1 is a plan showing the indented die plate in position upon
anvil and the tool-box in its lowered position.
the
press
block
Fig. 2 is an elevation of Fig. 1 with the moulding face of the indented die pla
in section on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1.
Figs. 3 and 4 are views of portions of the stencil plates.
Fig. 5 is a view corresponding to the upper part of Fig. 2 but with the patte
plate in position, and

page_text: Fig. 6 is a similar view with a stencil plate on the pattern plate and the
ornament-producing dust filled in.
Fig. 7 is a similar view with the stencil-plate removed and showing the stamper
in operation.
Fig. 8 is a view generally similar to Fig. 2 and showing the tool-box raised and
the apparatus otherwise ready for receiving the dust for forming the tile-body.
Fig. 9 is a section through a tile in which the design extends to a small extent
into the tile body, and
Fig. 10 is a similar section showing the design extending completely through the
tile-body.
Like letters indicate like parts throughout the drawings.
A is the indented die-plate in which the pattern is sunk to the required depth,
B the block or anvil on which it is supported in the press and C is the tool-box
capable of being raised and lowered around the anvil as shown in Figs. 8 and 2
respectively. Care the usual stud-pins secured in the tool-box C and over which
are passed the holes in the various pattern and stencil plates to ensure their always
being in proper operative position over the die-plate A as hereinafter explained.
DD Figs. 3 and 4, are two different stencil plates which are used when it is
desired to produce a tile with the design shown in Fig. 1, in two colours the plate D
enabling the indentations a of Fig. 1 to be filled with dust of one colour to the
exclusion of the indentations a' and a² and the plate D enabling the indentations a'
to be filled with dust of another colour to the exclusion of a and a while if it be
necessary to have another distinguishing colour for a² this may be inserted by
means of another stencil plate having a central opening but no openings over the
indentations a and a¹.
E, Figs. 5, 6 and 7, is the pattern plate and F F1, Fig. 7, is the stamper both of
which are provided with holes for passing over the pins Chas shown in these figures.
The projections F1 of the stamper are an exact reproduction in high relief on
plate of the pattern on the die plate and, (according to the design taken for
illustration) represented in Fig. 1, and another reproduction of which perforates the
pattern plate I.
When it is desired to construct a tile with the before described apparatus the
tool-box C is moved to its lowest position and the indented-die-plate A having also
been properly secured on the anvil 13, the pattern plate E is placed upon it as shown
in Fig. 5. If the whole design is to be produced in one colour only, no stencil plate
will be required, for it will be sufficient merely to completely fill up the openings of
the pattern plate with dust of the desired colour this dust falling into and also filling
up the indentations in the indented die-plate A. If however the design is to be
produced in three different colours say for example pink in indentations a', green in
indentations a, and blue in the central indentation a² then stencil plates are employed
as follows: The stencil plate D is laid on the pattern plate E and the indenta-
tions a¹ and corresponding parts of the design in the pattern plate E as shown in
Fig. 6 are filled with pink dust through the openings in stencil plate D' the dust
being properly distributed in said openings and the superfluous dust being removed
from the surface of D' by a "striker' or other suitable device. The stencil
plate D is then removed and plate D put in its place and the indentations a and
corresponding openings in pattern plate E are filled with green dust. The stencil
plate D is then removed and another stencil plate having a central opening corre-
sponding to the indentation a' is put in its place and said indentation and central
opening in pattern plate E are then filled with blue dust, the superfluous dust in
this as in all the other filling operations being removed from the upper surface of
the stencil plate by means of a striker or equivalent device.
The various colours of the design being now properly distributed the last
stencil plate is removed and the stamper is put in its place so that its projecting
design will rest on the dust in the various openings in the pattern plate as
shown in Fig. 7. The press plunger, lever or equivalent, is then brought to

page_text: bear on the stamper with the result that the dust becomes solidified or aggio-
merated and after the pressure is withdrawn and the stamper F F & pattern
plate E removed (these being preferably removed simultaneously) the whole
design appears upon the indented die-plate A standing partly above it and partly
within its indentations.
The tool-box C is then raised as shown in Fig. 8 and supported in its raised
position by counterweighted levers or other of the usual means and the space
presented above the indented-die-plate is filled with dust to form the body of
the tile. The whole mass of dust as usual is then subjected to. heavy pressure
so as to solidify it, and, after the removal of the pressure and the lowering of 1
the tool-box C the embryo tile may be lifted off the indented-die-plate A and
It will thus be seen that the
taken away for subsequent drying and firing.
finished tile will have the coloured design standing out in relief from the body
into which it also extends to a greater or less extent as shown in Fig. 9 according
If it be desired to form the tile
to the thickness of pattern plate employed.
with the design extending right through it as in Fig. 10 the pattern plate E
would be proport onately deep, and the design in such plate could be worked
out in thin metal so as to provide pockets for receiving the body-forming-dust
which under these circumstances would also be introduced by means of stencil
plates.
Another manner of producing a tile with the pattern extending completely
through it is to employ a pattern plate not provided with pockets for receiving
the body-forming-dust as last described but of sufficient thickness say for
example or ths of an inch thick and to proceed in the manner hereinbefore
described at the part of this Specification commencing "When it is desired to
construct a tile" and ending "the indented die-plate is filled with dust to form the
When the body-forming-dust is filled into the raised tool-
body of the tile."
box C it will completely cover the pattern-producing-dust and after it has been
compressed and the tile is say half an inch thick the pattern may extend into the
body of the tile to within say one-sixteenth of an inch of the entire thickness.
lowering the tool-box C to the required extent and with a suitable blade or tool
such as a wide chisel removing the superfluous sixteenth of an inch of body-forming
dust the pattern will be caused to appear on both sides of the tile extending
entirely through it.
By
It will be understood that the before described or other design may be produce
in two or more colours or in one colour which does not extend throughout the
whole design for example the indentations a may be reproduced in green and
the remaining parts of the design may be of the same colour as the body or vie
vers, or a design of any other combination of colours of which one may be that c
the body may be worked out.
Where the colour of the design extends completely through the body of the ti
as in Fig. 10 it will be manifest that by suitably modifying the operative face
the stamper and indenting the face of the press plunger the tile may be produce
with two identically similar faces at one operation; or by working directly on th
surface of the anvil B or using a flat or smooth plate A and a flat-faced plung
can produce a tile which will be flat on both sides and have a pattern the colo
of which will extend completely through the body of the tile.
Hitherto have spoken of the die-plate as being indented that is, having t
design sunk into it, and the same of the press plunger. It will however be und
stood that the whole or a portion of the design upon either the die-plate or pr
plunger may be in relief so as to produce an intaglio or sunk design or part of
design upon the tile or other article.
The above description relating to flat tiles will sufficiently serve to show
application of this invention to other articles which need not be flat but may be cur
or otherwise shaped as required, the necessary alterations in the apparatus be
cordingly made.
5

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what 1
claim is :-
1. A tile or other porcelain earthenware or similar article in which the colour of
the embossed design extends throughout the embossed portion and into the body of
the article substantially as described.
2. A tile or other porcelain earthenware or similar article in which the colour of
the design extends completely through the article.
3. A tile or other porcelain earthenware or similar article in which the colour of
the embossed design extends throughout the embossed portion and completely
through the body of the article substantially as described.
4. A tile or other porcelain earthenware or similar article embossed on both sides
and in which the colour of the embossed design extends completely through the
body of the article and from one embossed surface to the other substantially as
described.
5. In the manufacture of tiles in which the colour of the pattern or design extends
completely through the body producing the design by means of a pattern plate and
afterwards completely covering in the design with body-forming-dust that portion
of the said body forming dust which after pressing obscures the design being then
removed substantially as described.
6. In apparatus for manufacturing tiles or other porcelain earthenware or
similar articles the combination with an indented or relief die-plate of a pattern
plate substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this Fourth day of Febr
1001
HENRY BAGGALEY.
W. P. Thompson & Boult,
Agents for the Applicant.
ium na T
sua nar
HENRY
BAGGALEY.
W. P. Thompson & Boult,
Agents for the Applicant.