IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TUBES FOR THE BOILERS OF LOCOMOTIVE, MARINE, AND OTHER STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Everitt, of Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Manufacturer, for the Invention of " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TUBES FOR THE BOILERS OF LOCOMOTIVE,
MARINE, AND OTHER STEAM ENGINES."
Sealed the 20th October 1871, and dated the 1st August 1871..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Everitt
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 1st August 1871.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD EVERITT, of Birmingham, in the County of
5 Warwick, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TUBES FOR THE BOILERS
OP LOCOMOTIVE, MARINE, AND OTHER STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
The tubes used in the boilers of locomotive, marine, and other steam
engines are ordinarily made thicker or of greater substance of metal at
) one end than at the other, the said tubes being of a cylindrical figure
externally, but of a slightly tapering or conical figure internally. Those

page_text: ends of the tubes having the greatest substance of metal are fixed in
the fire-box or furnace end of the boiler. Notwithstanding the addi-
tional thickness of metal at the fire-box ends of the tubes the said
ends invariably wear away more rapidly than the other parts of the
tubes.
The object of my Invention is to remedy this defect in the said tubes
by manufacturing them in the manner herein-after described, whereby
greater thickness or strength of metal is obtained at the fire-box ends
of the tubes than can be conveniently obtained by the ordinary method
of manufacture.
In making tubes according to my Invention I take the ordinary cast
hollow cylindrical ingot, and by the drawing process elongate it and
reduce its diameter, the drawing being effected either on a cylindrical
plug, or on a taper mandril and by the use of the ordinary draw bench.
When however the final drawing is to be effected I operate upon the
tube only through part of its length, leaving a foot or any other required
portion of the tube unoperated upon by the final drawing. There is
thus produced a tube having internally either a cylindrical or a very
nearly true conical or taper figure, and externally a cylindrical figure
throughout its whole length, but of different diameters at different
parts, the greater part of the tube being of smaller diameter, and a
short portion of that end of the tube to be inserted in the fire-box end
of the boiler being of larger diameter. As the tube has to be inserted
in the boiler from the smoke box end of the boiler the extreme end of the
tube which is fixed in the smoke box end of the boiler requires to be
of somewhat larger external diameter than the fire-box end of the tube.
This expansion of the smoke box end of the tube is effected by forcing
therein a conical tool.
The tube made according to my Invention is of great substance or
strength of metal at the fire-box end, but is of less substance in the
remaining portion, the one part passing into the other by a shoulder
which gives a slight longitudinal elasticity or yielding power to be
tube, which elasticity enables it to accommodate itself to changes of
temperature without the strain produced in ordinary tubes.
Tubes made according to my Invention are not of greater weight
than tubes of the ordinary kind.
Instead of employing a drawing process solely for carrying my
Invention into effect a rolling process may be employed for elongating

page_text: the tube and reducing its diameter in the earlier stages of its manu-
facture.
My Invention is applicable to the manufacture of the said tubes from
copper, brass, or other metal or alloy of which the tubes of boilers are
or may be made.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Edward Everitt in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 26th January 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD EVERITT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said William Edward Everitt, Her special
licence that I, the said William Edward Everitt, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Edward
Everitt, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TUBES FOR THE BOILERS OF Loco-
MOTIVE, MARINE, AND OTHER STEAM ENGINES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said William Edward Everitt, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Everitt, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same

page_text: is. to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
The tubes used in the boilers of locomotive, marine, and other steam
engines are ordinarily made thicker or of greater substance of metal
at one end than at the other end, the said tubes being of a cylindrical
figure externally, but of a slightly tapering or conical figure internally.
Those ends of the tubes having the greatest substance of metal are
fixed in the fire-box or furnace end of the boiler. Notwithstanding
the additional thickness of metal at the fire-box ends of the tubes
the said ends invariably wear away more rapidly than the other parts
of the tubes. This is especially the case since the use of coal has been
so largely adopted for burning in the furnaces of locomotive engines.
The object of my Invention is to remedy this defect in the said tubes
by manufacturing them in the manner herein-after described, whereby
greater thickness of metal is obtained at the fire-box ends of the tubes
than can be conveniently obtained by the ordinary method of manu-
facture, and tubes so made are consequently better fitted for coal
burning furnaces than tubes of the ordinary manufacture.
In making tubes according to my Invention I take the ordinary cast
hollow cylindrical ingot, and by a drawing process elongate it and
reduce its diameter, the drawing being effected either on a cylindrical
plug or on a taper mandril, and by the use of the ordinary draw bench.
When, however, the last drawing or drawings is or are to be effected
I operate upon the tube only through part of its length, leaving a length
of a foot or any other required length of the tube unoperated upon by
the last drawing or drawings. There is thus produced a tube having
internally either a cylindrical or a very nearly true conical or taper
figure, and externally a cylindrical figure throughout its whole length,
but of different diameters at different parts, the greater part of the tube
being of smaller diameter, and a short portion of that end of the tube
to be inserted in the fire-box end of the boiler being of larger diameter.
As the tube has to be inserted in the boiler from the smoke box end
of the boiler the extreme end of the tube which is fixed in the smoke
box end of the boiler requires to be of an external diameter equal
to or greater than the fire-box end of the tube. This expansion of
the smoke box end of the tube is effected by forcing therein a conical
tool.

page_text: Instead of employing a drawing process solely for carrying my In-
vention into effect a rolling process may be employed for elongating
the tube and reducing its diameter in the earlier stages of its manu-
facture.
The tube made according to my Invention is of great substance or
strength of metal at the fire-box end, but is of less substance in the
remaining portion, the one part passing into the other by a shoulder.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawing represents in longitudinal
section, and Figure 2 in elevation a boiler tube manufactured according
to my Invention in the manner herein-before described.
a is the unreduced part at the fire-box end of the tube, the said part
being of larger external diameter and of greater substance or strength
of metal than the part 6, the parts a and b having the same internal
diameter; c is the expanded end of the tube fixed in the smoke box
end of the boiler. The part a of the tube passes into the part 6 by
the shoulder at d. The tube represented in the Drawing is cylindrical
both internally and externally throughout its whole length, but the
said tube may be made internally of a slightly conical or taper figure
instead of the cylindrical figure represented.
Tubes made according to my Invention are not of greater weight
than tubes of the ordinary kind.
The drawing and rolling processes which I employ for the manufacture
of tubes according to my Invention are the same as those employed in
the ordinary manufacture of tubes.
My Invention is applicable to the manufacture of the said tubes from
copper, brass, or other metal or alloy, of which the tubes of boilers are
or may be made.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that
I do not limit myself to the precise details herein described and illus-
trated, as the same may be varied without departing from the nature
of my Invention, but I claim as my Invention the improvements in the
manufacture of tubes for the boilers of locomotive, marine, and other
steam engines herein-before described and illustrated in the accom-
panying Drawing, that is to say, making the fire-box or furnace end
of the said tubes of larger diameter externally, and of greater thickness
or strength of metal than the other part of the tube, the said enlarged

page_text: part passing into the other part by a shoulder, the part of larger dia-
meter and of greater thickness or strength of metal being made by
operating upon the tube at the last drawing or drawings through part
only of its length so as to leave the said fire-box end of the tube un-
operated upon by the said last drawing or drawings, substantially as
described and illustrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Everitt, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of January,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
two.
Witness,
WILLIAM THOMAS,
102, Summer St.,
Edgbaston,
Birmingham.
Wч. E. EVERITT. (L.S.)