Year: 1882

page_text: I, JAMES MAULEY of Bootle in the county of Lancaster seek leave to amend
the specification of Letters Patent, No. 3499 of 1882, as shown in red ink in the
copy of the original specification hereunto annexed :-
"
I omit the words from "are" line 25, page 3, to " they line 27 inclusive.
I insert at the end of line 57, page 4, the words "and I am also aware that it has
been proposed to permanently build an elevator into a vessel as a part and parcel
of that vessel, but such is impracticable as it is greatly in the way when the ship
is used for general cargo, and involves an amount of cutting of the decks, which
could not be tolerated as it would not do to permanently fill up the hatchways in
this manner, and I make no claim for such permanently fixed elevator. I add the
word "removable" after the words "of a" line 5 page 5. I omit the word
'elevating" line 9, page 5 and insert in place thereof the word " manipulating"
and in place of the word "an same line, I insert the words "a removable."
"
My reasons for making this amendment are as follows:-That I find it had
been proposed prior to the date of my application for Letters Patent, to build ships
with a permanently fixed elevator on board forming a part of the ship.

page_text: In the matter of the application made by James MoAuley for leave to amend the
Specification of Letters Patent No. 3499 of 1882.
I hereby grant leave to the said James McAuley to amend the said Specification

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James McAuley of Bootle in the County of Lancaster
for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO ELEVATORS FOR
ELEVATING GRAIN OR OTHER GRANULAR MATTER FROM SHIPS' HOLDS AND
OTHER PLACES,
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James M.Auley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd July 1882.
JAMES MCAULEY of Bootle in the County of Lancaster
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND
RELATING TO ELEVATORS FOR ELEVATING GRAIN OR OTHER GRANULAR MATTER
FROM SHIPS' HOLDS AND OTHER PLACES"
Some of the chief difficulties in the way of the successful use of grain elevators
on board ship have been. First. The difficulty experienced in making the foot of:
the elevator sink in the grain. Second. In trimming the grain to the elevator as
it sinks. Third. In the cumbersome nature of any portable elevator sufficiently
heavy to sink into the grain. Fourth. As the elevator sinks, it requires lengthening
to deliver all the grain at the same point, thus necessitating considerable compli->
cation of parts. Fifth. The elevator if carried by the ship is a useless incumbrance,
and if made portable and left on shore costs a very large amount of labour to place
in position and get to work.
3.
Now it is to obviate all these difficulties that this my invention is designed.
My elevator consists of two distinct parts: the shaft or casing in which the buckets
work and which dips down to the lowest point of the grain or under the grain and
a horizontal shaft and feeder below can connect several shafts with sluices xed.
by elevators the shafts being placed in position before ever the grain is s. red
round it, and the chain of buckets or other elevating mechanism which can be
movable if desired.
In carrying out my invention on shipboard I fix permanently in position a
shaft or casing say two feet by four feet from say ten feet above the deck to the
bottom of the hold; this has sluices valves or doors at or near the bottom and if
necessary at each deck, worked from the main deck so that even when the shaft or
casing is surrounded with grain to any required height, these sluices can be opened
from deck. Grain baving the property of running so long as the opening is
unobstructed, it will on the opening of these sluices or valves run into the shaft or
casing until such time as the grain rises in the shaft to the top of the sluice, or if
kept from rising by the elevators till there is no head of grain outside. In the
casing I place the elevating mechanism, preferably a chain of buckets. These pass
over pulleys running on spindles having bearings in the shaft or casing at top or
bottom. The chain of buckets can however be made removable if desired, so that
it can be taken out of one ship and placed in another, or if desired an ordinary
portable elevator can be inserted in the shaft or casing. The elevator is run by.
means of steam winch, engine, or in any other ordinary manner. The elevator
shaft when not required for elevating can be used as a ventilator shaft and for this
purpose can be made at the bottom of perforated iron or the doors can be left open,
as the grain will only enter to the height of the said doors or sluices. If the.
buckets be made watertight, the elevator can be used as an extra pump at sea.
On shore the elevator is placed in position and the grain heaped around it, then
when required the sluices are opened and the grain elevated into a hopper or spout
from which it can be bagged and weighed.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James McAuley in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 20th January
1883.
JAMES MCAULEY of Bootle in the county of Lancaster, "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND
RELATING TO ELEVATORS FOR ELEVATING GRAIN OR OTHER GRANULAR MATTER
FROM SHIP'S HOLDS AND OTHER PLACES
"
Some of the chief difficulties in the way of the successful use of grain elevators
on board ship have been First-The difficulty experienced in making the foot of
the elevator sink in the grain. Second-In trimming the grain to the Elevator as
it sinks. Third-In the cumbersome nature of any portable elevator sufficiently
heavy to sink into the grain, Fourth-as the elevator sinks, it requires lengthening
to deliver all the grain at the same point thus necessitating considerable compli-
cation of parts. Fifth-The elevator if carried by the ship is a useless incumbrance,
and if made portable and left on shore, costs a very large amount of labour to
place in position and get to work.
Now it is to obviate all these difficulties that this my invention is designed.
It is best described by aid of the accompanying drawings which are added to
illustrate my invention.
Fig. 1-Is an elevator as placed on shipboard.
Fig. 2 Enlarged view of lower part of elevator showing two legs one on each
side of shifting boards. These can be two distinct elevators or have a common
wheel and chain of pullies as in figure 1.
Figs. 3, 4 and 5-Viows of land elevator for elevating grain from a heap or bin.
Referring to Figs. 1 and 2.
The casings for these usually two, one on each side of the shifting boards (are
generally fixtures-in-the-ship-but-for-convenience-when-the-ship-is-not-being-used
for grain cargoes they) can be made in separate parts and hinged to the ceiling.
In the drawings A. A throughout are the casings or casing, cach casing is a
narrow trunk just large enough to carry freely the top pulley B, the bottom
pulley C and the belt or chain of buckets D. When not in use it can be made in
pieces hinged together and to the deck above. The pieces are then folded back
against the deck beams and held in place by catches. I prefer to have the
ascending or descending lines of bucket belts in separate casings except at bottom
and top as shown Fig. 1. This leaves more space for grain.
The folded back casings are shown in dotted lines at E E. The casing being
.firmly anchored to the bottom of the hold below, and to the upper deck above and
the pullies in bearings on the casing the chain of buckets can simply be strung
round the two pullies. In order however to make the chain of pullies tight and
keep it so the top or bottom pulley (preferably the top as in the drawing) bas
sliding bearing sliding in vertical slots or slides in the frame and regulated by a
screw For its equivalent. It will be seen that while the chain of buckets can be
easily placed upon the pullies and hooked up it can by means of the screw F be

page_text: made tight. G is the spout, H the ordinary belt carrier to take the grain into the
warehouse II are gates or sluice valves at the bottom of the casings worked by
rods K K from the top like the sluices in a lock gate. The elevator is run by
means of a belt or driving chain from the steam winch or other source of power
the driving pulley L being placed on the upper pulley shaft. J is a "horizontal
elevator" or Jacobs ladder I sometimes use. It is shown here transverse to the
ship but in practice though not a necessary part of my invention it will be placed
longitudinally. In the latter case it will take the form of an archimedean screw.
M are doors or gates on the same worked by a handle and pull bar or screw from
the elevator...All the gates can be fastened to one long pull bar or each can have
a separate pull bar with a screwed portion working in a nut on the casing and
with the end squared to fit a winch handle or a band wheel. In such case the
feed can be regulated from each gate., The driving chain can be applied to the
pullies P and Q when the elevator bottom has become exposed the horizontal
mechanism J. being only brought into action when all the grain immediately
surrounding the foot of the elevator has been elevated. The casing having been
placed in position before the ship is laden it is already at the bottom of the grain.
The belt of buckets can either be permanently in position, or if there be a line of
ships with clevators all of the same size a single chain of buckets can be kept.at
the port to which the grain is carried and it can be threaded on each pair of pullies
as the ship comes into dock. If necessary too, the upper pulley and head of shaft
can be also portable and interchangeable. The elevator being rigged up in position
the chain of buckets is set in motion and the sluices I. I. gradually raised till a full
feed is obtained when they are left stationary or regulated at any time that may
be required.
The grain will continue to run into the elevator till it has sunk down to the
level of the sluices I I when it must be trimmed by hand till both the pullies of
the horizontal feeder or feeders J are uncovered, a belt is then placed on these
pullies P and Q, the gates of the feeders opened and the grain brought from
further parts of the hold. The bottom of the elevator can if desirable be made
movable in the hatchway and angled to any side as required.
I prefer to have two casings as already stated with a belt of pullies in each one
of the casings being placed on each side of the shifting boards or tunnel but in
some cases especially in sailing ships a single elevator can be placed in the line of
shifting boards with a gate or sluice at each side as in figure 2. In steamers one
leg may be placed at either side of the tunnel but in this case it will be necessary
that each leg should act as a separate elevator and have a pulley round which the
chain of buckets will turn. The land elevator Figs. 3. 4 and 5 is similar to the
ship elevator, and like letters of reference relate to like parts in all the drawings.
It also is placed in position before the grain is filled in around it.
Now in speaking of gates or sluices I am well aware that the elevator would
work in a manner if instaid of lifting a sluice the whole trunk or casing were
lifted but such a plan would be very clumsy and there would in fact be an all-
round sluice the casing itself being then the sluice.
I also wish to observe that where in many cases it is desirable that the elevator
trunk should be fixed in some cases I arrange it so that it can be angled in the
hatchway instead of standing vertically and can be moved from corner to corner
of the hatch or at least from one side to the other I prefer in this case however
to have it to slide on a horizontal bar or guide in the floor of the hold by which
bar however it is held in place laterally so that it shall always remain in gear with
the horizontal feeders.
When the elevator casing or casing bottom only is permanent or fixed in place
before the storing of the grain the buckets have to be placed in position when
required. Now I do this either by letting down the chain of buckets D with the
lower pulley B and bearings complete (the latter sliding in vertical slides armed
with movable catches which admit of the pulley being lowered but prevent its
return) or I make the pulley B with bearings fixed in the casing and stationary

page_text: bottom and reeve a gantline round this pulley To this gantline I then tie the
end of the chain of buckets D and by means of it pull the chain of buckets round
the lower pulley B and afterwards round the upper pulley C tightening it with the
before mentioned screw or the guide pullies N and O or both.
In conclusion I am well aware that portable elevators consisting of a frame work
of pullies and a band of buckets have been long in use for elevating grain but such
elevators are always placed on top of the grain with the buckets exposed and have
to work down into the grain whereas mine is placed in situ before the grain is
stored and is embedded in the grain but kept from being choked by a casing, and I
am also aware that it has been proposed to permanently build an elevator into a
vessel as a part and parcel of that vessel, but such is impracticable as it is greatly
in the way when the ship is used for general cargo, and involves an amount of
cutting of the decks, which could not be tolerated as it would not do to permanently
fill up the hatchways in this manner, and I make no claim for such permanently
fixed elevator.
Having now described my invention and the best modes known to me of
carrying it into effect I wish it to be understood that I claim under the Letters
Patent the following
1st The manufacture and use of elevators for elevating granular matter from
ships holds and other places consisting of a removable hollow trunk or casing
erected in position where the grain is afterwards stored around it and provided
with internal chain of buckets and with sliding gates or sluices or their equivalent
at the bottom to admit the grain substantially as described.
2nd The herein described method of elevating manipulating grain consisting in
placing an a removable elevator trunk in the bin the hold of a ship or other grain
storage place before taking in the grain, then piling or storing the grain around it
and when the grain has to be transhipped opening sluices at bottom and elevating
the grain by a chain of buckets or equivalent mechanism in the trunk as the said
grain pours in through the sluices.
3rd The construction of ships elevators with a fixed bottom casing and movable
trunk into which the elevator proper can be lowered as required with or without
bottom pulley substantially as described.
4th In combination with an elevator substantially as described the horizontal
feeding mechanism provided with sluice gates at intervals along its length for
feeding the grain to the elevator.
5th The manufacture of Ships Elevators trunks capable of being quickly packed
away and of being used with a chain of buckets common to and used in turn by
several elevators substantially as described.
In witness whereof I the said James McAuley have hereunto set my hand
and seal this thirteenth day of December in the year of our Lord one
thousand eight hundred and eighty two.

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James McAuley of Bootle in the County of Lancaster
for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO ELEVATORS For
ELEVATING GRAIN OR OTHER GRANULAR MATTER FROM SHIPS' HOLDS AND
OTHER PLACES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James McAuley at the Office
56
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd July 1882.
JAMES MCAULEY of Bootle in the County of Lancaster IMPROVEMENTS IN AND
RELATING TO ELEVATORS FOR ELEVATING GRAIN OR OTHER GRANULAR MATTER
FROM SHIPS' HOLDS AND OTHER PLACES "
Some of the chief difficulties in the way of the successful use of grain elevators
on board ship have been. First. The difficulty experienced in making the foot of
the elevator sink in the grain. Second. In trimming the grain to the elevator as
it sinks. Third. In the cumbersome nature of any portable elevator sufficiently
heavy to sink into the grain. Fourth. As the elevator sinks, it requires lengthening
to deliver all the grain at the same point, thus necessitating considerable compli-
cation of parts. Fifth. The elevator if carried by the ship is a useless incumbrance,
and if made portable and left on shore costs a very large amount of labour to place
in position and get to work.
Now it is to obviate all these difficulties that this my invention is designed.
My elevator consists of two distinct parts: the shaft or casing in which the buckets
work and which dips down to the lowest point of the grain or under the grain and
a horizontal shaft and feeder below can connect several shafts with sluices worked
by elevators the shafts being placed in position before ever the grain is stored
round it, and the chain of buckets or other elevating mechanism which can bo
movable if desired.
In carrying out my invention on shipboard I fix permanently in position a
shaft or casing say two feet by four feet from say ten feet above the deck to the
bottom of the hold; this has sluices valves or doors at or near the bottom and if
necessary at each deck, worked from the main deck so that even when the shaft or
casing is surrounded with grain to any required height, these sluices can be opened
I Dorian C11

page_text: from deck. Grain having the property of running so long as the opening is
unobstructed, it will on the opening of these sluices or valves run into the shaft or
casing until such time as the grain rises in the shaft to the top of the sluice, or if
kept from rising by the elevators till there is no head of grain outside. In the
casing I place the elevating mechanism, preferably a chain of buckets. These pass
over pulleys running on spindles having bearings in the shaft or casing at top or
bottom. The chain of buckets can however be made removable if desired, so that
it can be taken out of one ship and placed in another, or if desired an ordinary
portable elevator can be inserted in the shaft or casing. The elevator is run by
means of steam winch, engine, or in any other ordinary manner. The elevator
shaft when not required for elevating can be used as a ventilator shaft and for this
purpose can be made at the bottom of perforated iron or the doors can be left open
as the grain will only enter to the height of the said doors or sluices. If the
buckets be made watertight, the elevator can be used as an extra pump at sea.
On shore the elevator is placed in position and the grain heaped around it, then
when required the sluices are opened and the grain elevated into a hopper or spout
from which it can be bagged and weighed.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James McAuley in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 20th January
1883.
JAMES MCAULEY of Bootle in the county of Lancaster,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND
RELATING TO ELEVATORS FOR ELEVATING GRAIN OR OTHER GRANULAR MATTER
FROM SHIP'S HOLDS AND OTHER PLACES
"
Some of the chief difficulties in the way of the successful use of grain elevators
on board ship have been First-The difficulty experienced in making the foot of
the elevator sink in the grain. Second-In trimming the grain to the Elevator as
it sinks. Third-In the cumbersome nature of any portable elevator sufficiently
heavy to sink into the grain, Fourth-as the elevator sinks, it requires lengthening
to deliver all the grain at the same point thus necessitating considerable compli-
cation of parts. Fifth-The elevator if carried by the ship is a useless incumbrance,
and if made portable and left on shore, costs a very large amount of labour to
place in position and get to work.
Now it is to obviate all these difficulties that this my invention is designed.
It is best described by aid of the accompanying drawings which are added to
illustrate my invention.
Fig. 1 Is an elevator as placed on shipboard.
Fig. 2 Enlarged view of lower part of elevator showing two legs one on each
side of shifting boards. These can be two distinct elevators or have a common
wheel and chain of pullies as in figure 1.
Figs. 3, 4 and 5 Views of land elevator for elevating grain from a heap or bin.
Referring to Figs. 1 and 2.
The casings for these usually two, one on each side of the shifting boards are
generally fixtures in the ship but for convenience when the ship is not being used
for grain cargoes they can be made in separate parts and hinged to the ceiling.
In the drawings A A throughout are the casings or casing, each casing is a
narrow trunk just large enough to carry freely the top pulley B, the bottom
pulley C and the belt or chain of buckets D. When not in use it can be made in
pieces hinged together and to the deck above. The pieces are then folded back
against the deck beams and held in place by catches. I prefer to have the
ascending or descending lines of bucket belts in separate casings except at bottom
and top as shown Fig. 1. This leaves more space for grain.
The folded back casings are shown in dotted lines at E E. The casing being
firmly anchored to the bottom of the hold below, and to the upper deck above and
the pullies in bearings on the casing the chain of buckets can simply be strung
round the two pullies. In order however to make the chain of pullies tight and
keep it so the top or bottom pulley (preferably the top as in the drawing) has
sliding bearing sliding in vertical slots or slides in the frame and regulated by a
screw F or its equivalent. It will be seen that while the chain of buckets can be
easily placed upon the pullies and hooked up it can by means of the screw F be
made tight. G is the spout, H the ordinary belt carrier to take the grain into the
warehouse II are gates or sluice valves at the bottom of the casings worked by
rods K K from the top like the sluices in a lock gate. The elevator is run by
means of a belt or driving chain from the steam winch or other source of power
the driving pulley L being placed on the upper pulley shaft. J is a "horizontal
elevator or Jacobs ladder I sometimes use. It is shown here transverse to the
ship but in practice though not a necessary part of my invention it will be placed
longitudinally. In the latter case it will take the form of an archimedean screw.
M are doors or gates on the same worked by a haudle and pull bar or screw from
"

page_text: the elevator. All the gates can be fastened to one long pull bar or each can have
a separate pull bar with a screwed portion working in a nut on the casing and
with the end squared to fit a winch handle or a hand wheel. In such case the
feed can be regulated from each gate. The driving chain can be applied to the
pullies P and Q when the elevator bottom has become exposed the horizontal
mechanism J being only brought into action when all the grain immediately
surrounding the foot of the elevator has been elevated. The casing having been
placed in position before the ship is laden it is already at the bottom of the grain.
The belt of buckets can either be permanently in position, or if there be a line of
ships with clevators all of the same size a single chain of buckets can be kept at
the port to which the grain is carried and it can be threaded on each pair of pullies
as the ship comes into dock. If necessary too, the upper pulley and head of shaft
can be also portable and interchangeable. The elevator being rigged up in position
the chain of buckets is set in motion and the sluices I. I. gradually raised till a full
feed is obtained when they are left stationary or regulated at any time that may
be required.
The grain will continue to run into the elevator till it has sunk down to the
level of the sluices I I when it must be trimmed by hand till both the pullies of
the horizontal feeder or feeders J are uncovered, a belt is then placed on these
pullies P and Q, the gates of the feeders opened and the grain brought from
further parts of the hold. The bottom of the elevator can if desirable be made
movable in the hatchway and angled to any side as required.
I prefer to have two casings as already stated with a belt of pullies in each one
of the casings being placed on each side of the shifting boards or tunnel but in
some cases especially in sailing ships a single elevator can be placed in the line of
shifting boards with a gate or sluice at each side as in figure 2. In steamers one
leg may be placed at either side of the tunnel but in this case it will be necessary
that each leg should act as a separate elevator and have a pulley round which the
chain of buckets will turn. The land elevator Figs. 3. 4 and 5 is similar to the
ship elevator, and like letters of reference relate to like parts in all the drawings.
It also is placed in position before the grain is filled in around it.
Now in speaking of gates or sluices I am well aware that the elevator would
work in a manner if instaid of lifting a sluice the whole trunk or casing were
lifted but such a plan would be very clumsy and there would in fact be an all-
round sluice the casing itself being then the sluice.
I also wish to observe that where in many cases it is desirable that the elevator
trunk should be fixed in some cases I arrange it so that it can be angled in the
hatchway instead of standing vertically and can be moved from corner to corner
of the hatch or at least from one side to the other I prefer in this case however
to have it to slide on a horizontal bar or guide in the floor of the hold by which
bar however it is held in place laterally so that it shall always remain in gear with
the horizontal feeders.
When the elevator casing or casing bottom only is permanent or fixed in place
before the storing of the grain the buckets have to be placed in position when
required Now I do this either by letting down the chain of buckets D with the
lower pulley B and bearings complete (the latter sliding in vertical slides armed
with movable catches which admit of the pulley being lowered but prevent its
return) or I make the pulley B with bearings fixed in the casing and stationary
bottom and reeve a gantline round this pulley To this gautline I then tie the
end of the chain of buckets D and by means of it pull the chain of buckets round
the lower pulley B and afterwards round the upper pulley C tightening it with the
before mentioned screw or the guide pullies N and O or both.
In conclusion I am well aware that portable elevators consisting of a frame work
of pullies and a band of buckets have been long in use for elevating grain but such
elevators are always placed on top of the grain with the buckets exposed and have
to work down into the grain whereas mine is placed in situ before the grain is
stored and is embedded in the grain but kept from being choked by a casing

page_text: Having now described my invention and the best modes known to me of
carrying it into effect I wish it to be understood that I claim under the Letters
Patent the following
1st The manufacture and use of elevators for elevating granular matter froin
ships holds and other places consisting of a hollow trunk or casing erected in
position where the grain is afterwards stored around it and provided with internal
chain of buckets and with sliding gates or sluices or their equivalent at the bottom
to admit the grain substantially as described.
2nd The herein described method of elevating grain consisting in placing an
elevator trunk in the bin the hold of a ship or other grain storage place before
taking in the grain, then piling or storing the grain around it and when the grain
has to be transhipped opening sluices at bottom and elevating the grain by a chain
of buckets or equivalent mechanism in the trunk as the said grain pours in through
the sluices.
3rd The construction of ships elevators with a fixed bottom casing and movable
trunk into which the elevator proper can be lowered as required with or without
bottom pulley substantially as described.
4th In combination with an elevator substantially as described the horizontal
feeding mechanism provided with sluice gates at intervals along its length for
feeding the grain to the elevator.
5th The manufacture of Ships Elevators trunks capable of being quickly packed
away and of being used with a chain of buckets common to and used in turn by
several elevators substantially as described.
In witness whereof I the said James M°Auley have hereunto set my hand
and seal this thirteenth day of December in the year of our Lord one
thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
JAMES MAULEY (L.S.)