IMPROVEMENTS IN RIDGE TILES AND ROOFING
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Pascall, of Norwood, in the County
of Surrey, Tile Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN RIDGE TILES AND ROOFING."
Sealed the 1st April 1853, and dated the 8th October 1852.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Pascall
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 8th October 1852.
I, THOMAS PASCALL, of Norwood, in the County of Surrey, Tile
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RIDGE TILES AND ROOFING." My Inventions consist as
follows:-
First, in manufacturing ridge tiles in three parts, instead of being all
in one piece as heretofore, and so contrived that they adapt themselves
to any angle of a roof, wall, or other part of a building to be covered by
them; and, secondly, I apply the principle of such construction to
roofing generally.
The nature of my said Invention is described and ascertained in the
description following, having reference to the figures and letters marked
on the Drawing hereunto annexed.

page_text: Fig. 1, a section of the ridge tile: A, B, being two flat tiles turned
up at the edge a, b, and held together by the double clip C, made in a
tubular form with a slot throughout its entire length.
Fig. 2, a side view of the same.
Fig. 3, a plan of the same.
Fig. 4, à section of roofing: A, B, C, being tiles or sheets of metal,
glass, or other suitable material, having both sides curved upwards as
at a, a, a, a, so as to be held together by the same double clips D, D,
described in Fig. 1. Or they may be combined without the use of these
clips as by inverting B, over A, C.
Fig. 5, a plan of roofing.
Ti fa side view of the same
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Pascall in the Great Seal Patent Office,
on the 2nd April 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
THOMAS PASCALL, of Norwood, in the County of Surrey, Tile Manu-
facturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, in the six-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Thomas Pascall, Her special
licence that I, the said Thomas Pascall, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Thomas Pascall, my execu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN RIDGE TILES AND ROOFING," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Thomas Pascall, by an instrument in writing under my

page_text: hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Pascall, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say):
My improvements consist, first, in manufacturing ridge tiles in
three separate parts, instead of their being in one piece as heretofore,
and they are, further, so contrived that they readily adapt themselves
to the varying angles of roofs; and, secondly, I apply the principle of
such construction to the forming of suitable materials for roofing
generally.
And in order that my said Invention may be most fully understood,
and readily carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the Drawings
hereunto annexed, where the same letters of reference are used to
indicate similar parts wherever they occur.
(See Drawings.)
Fig. 1, is a section of a ridge tile: A, B, being two flat tiles having
the entire edges a, b, turned up to a curved form, so that when two such
edges are laid side by side they can be held together by sliding the
double clip C, upon them, for which purpose it is made in a tubular
form with a longitudinal slot. When in their place on the ridge of a
roof the clip C, can be slid over the upturned curved edges of two
adjoining tiles, thus binding four tiles, and likewise serving to "break
joint," as it is technically termed, that is, the clip, when so situated,
causes its own joint to occur at about the centre of the tiles, and the
upper joint of the tiles is covered by the clip, and so on throughout the
length of ridge.
Fig. 2, is a side view of the same; and,
Fig. 3, is a plan.
Fig. 4, is a section of another arrangement on the same principle for
roofing tiles: A, B, B', shew tiles with both side edges curved upwards

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I would observe that I do not limit myself to any particular dimen-
sions or material, and I would have it understood that what I claim as
my Invention is, the peculiar construction of ridge tiles and roofing
herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Pascall, have hereto set 1
my hand and seal, this Second day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
THOMAS PASCALL. (L.S.)