Improvements in or connected with Bunsen Gas Burners.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 9th May, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 11th Feb., 1895-Accepted, 16th Mar., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Bunsen Gas Burners.
I, FERDINAND GRAF, Work-master at the Technical High School, Aix-la-
Chapelle, in the Empire of Germany, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to Bunsen gas burners.
It has hitherto only been possible to use Bunsen burners economically in the
open air.
In narrow close spaces, such as are not in direct communication with free air,
such for example, as in stoves for heating baths or water, it has only been possible
to cause them to burn with a blue non-luminous flame by blowing considerable
quantities of atmospheric air through the burner tube. The only object of thus
passing air through the burner tube has been to keep cool the surfaces on which
the combustion takes place, since a Bunsen burner, when burning in a confined
space only continues to do so with a blue flame as long as the surfaces with which
the gas comes into contact as it is consumed do not become hot. The result of
failing to cool these surfaces is that in a short time the flame becomes yellow, and
has its heating value greatly diminished. On the other hand, by cooling the
surfaces in question with air, the temperature and heating power of the blue flame
which results are very considerably lowered, to say nothing of the power expended
in driving the bellows or blower. Then, further, it is difficult to control the supply
of air, and it is impossible to attain an equable flame production with unequal action
of the bellows and feeble pressure of gas.
By my arrangement of Bunsen burner these disadvantages are avoided, by
causing the burner to open within a nozzle the outer part of which is kept cool
with water so that the gas, as it is consumed, comes into contact with cool
surfaces.
A sheet metal cylinder is furnished at its lower part with lateral holes, for the
entrance of air, and is connected above with one or more tubes, through which the
heated gases pass to be used as desired. The gas enters a gas-chamber which is made
up of two circular partition walls placed in the said cylinder. In these partition walls,
are inserted sheet metal nozzles through which the air can pass from the lower
chamber into an upper chamber.
The burner tubes of ordinary Bunsen buruers, which are situated in the gas
chamber open below the water-cooled conical nozzles which are secured watertight
in a flat box. At the lower part of this box cool water enters and leaves the box
again at its upper part.
The burner tubes have lateral openings at their lower part, and through these
atmospheric air enters and mingles with the combustible gas. This air enters
through the lateral openings at the foot of the cylinder reaches the upper chamber
through the air nozzles and passes from this chamber partly into the burner tubes
and partly into the water-cooled nozzles.
The gas which enters the gas chamber rises in the tubes mingles, as in ordinary
Bunsen burners with air, and the mixture of gas and air passes on to be consumed
at the ends of the tubes in combination with the air which enters the water-cooled
nozzles. Since current of cool water is constantly passing round these nozzles
and is constantly renewed, they cannot become hot, so that the gas whilst being
consumed is always in contact with cool surfaces. The supply of air, which is
thus not designed in the case of the present burner to cool the same, can thus be so

page_text: regulated that the combustion can be conducted on such lines as to afford the
maximum of heat with the greatest economy of gas.
Above the tubes there passes within the water-cooled nozzles a mixture of the
air which rises through the said nozzles with the mixture of gas and air which
rises in the tubes.
On entering the wider chamber the two currents expand and intermingle, and
consequently, the whole mixture of gas and air is cooled in the upper part of the
said nozzles.
01
1004
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.
improvements in or connected with Bunsen was Durners.
I, FERDINAND GRAF, Work-master at the Technical High School, Aix-la-
Chapelle, in the Empire of Germany, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to Bunsen gas burners.
It has hitherto only been possible to use Bunsen burners economically in the
open air.
In narrow close spaces, such as are not in direct communication with free air,
such for example, as in stoves for heating baths or water, it has only been
possible to cause them to burn with a blue non-luminous flame by blowing
considerable quantities of atmospheric air through the burner tube. The only
object of thus passing air through the burner tube has been to keep cool the
surfaces on which the combustion takes place, since a Bursen burner, when burning
in a confined space only continues to do so with a blue flame as long as the surfaces
with which the gas comes into contact as it is consumed do not become hot. The
result of failing to cool these surfaces is that in a short time the flame becomes
yellow, and has its heating value greatly diminished. On the other hand, by
cooling the surfaces in question with air, the temperature and heating power of the
blue flame which results are very considerably lowered, to say nothing of the power
expended in driving the bellows or blower. Then, further, it is difficult to
control the supply of air, and it is impossible to attain an equable flame production
with unequal action of the bellows and feeble pressure of gas.
By my arrangement of Bunsen burner these disadvantages are avoided, by
causing the burner to open within a nozzle the outer part of which is kept coul
with water so that the gas, as it is consumed, comes into contact with cool
surfaces.
A sheet metal cylinder is furnished at its lower part with lateral holes, for the
entrance of air, and is connected above with one or more tubes, through which
the heated gases pass to be used as desired. The gas enters a gas-chamber which
is made up of two circular partition walls placed in the said cylinder. In these
partition walls, are inserted sheet metal nozzles through which the air can pass
from the lower chamber into an upper chamber.
The burner tubes of ordinary Bunsen burners, which are situated in the gas
chamber open below the water-cooled conical nozzles which are secured watertight
in a flat box. At the lower part of this box cool water enters and leaves the box
again at its upper part.
To enable my invention to be fully understood I will describe it with reference
to the accompanying drawing, in which :-
Figures 1 and 2 are vertical sections of two forms of my improved burner. .

page_text: G is
O is the sheet metal cylinder. B, B are the burner tubes, C the lateral
opening by which the gas enters the gas chamber. D, D are the sheet metal
nozzles through which the air passes from the lower to the upper chamber. E is
the tube bv which the cool water enters. A is the exit tube for the water.
the gas chamber; H, H are the water-cooled conical nozzles. I, I the upper
extremities of the tubes B, B. K is the lower chamber and L the upper chamber.
M is the water chamber surrounding the conical nozzles H, H.
Referring now to Figure 1 the burner tubes B, B have lateral openings at their
lower part, and through these atmospheric air enters and mingles with the com-
bustible gas. This air enters through the lateral openings at the foot of the
cylinder O reaches the upper chamber L through the air nozzles D, D and passes
from this chamber L partly into the burner tubes B, B and partly into the water-
cooled nozzles H, H.
The gas which enters the gas chamber G at C rises in the tubes mingles, as in
ordinary Bunsen burners with air, and the mixture of gas and air passes on to be
consumed at the ends of the tubes B, B at I in combination with the air which
enters the water-cooled nozzles H, H. Since a current of cool water is constantly
passing round these nozzles H, H and is constantly renewed, they cannot become
hot, so that the gas whilst being consumed is always in contact with cool surfaces.
The supply of air, which is thus not designed in the case of the present burner
to cool the same, can therefore be so regulated that the combustion can be
conducted on such lines as to afford the maximum of heat with the greatest economy
of gas.
Above the tubes B, B there passes within the water-cooled nozzles H, Ha
mixture of the air which rises through the said nozzles with the mixture of gas
and air which rises in the tubes B, B. On entering the wider chamber the two
currents expand and intermingle and consequently, the whole mixture of gas and air
is cooled in the upper part of the said nozzles.
The form of construction shewn in Figure 2 differs from that shewn in Figure 1
only inasmuch as the burner tubes B, B are widened above and united to the
cones H. The air required for the combustion here enters the burner tubes B, B,
by holes b, b in the same, from the nozzles H, H to reach the mixture of gas and
air in the burner tubes. In other respects the action is the same as in the previous
case.
Although the burner is chiefly adapted to be used with the flame enclosed it
can also be advantageously used with the flame in direct communication with the
open air.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
:-
1. A Bunsen burner in which the mixture of combustible gas and air comes in
contact, immediately before its combustion, with surfaces cooled with water so that
an injurious heating of the outlet nozzles is prevented substantially as described.
2. The improved Bunsen burners as described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawing.
1008
Hith day
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.