IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS OR OVENS FOR FIRING, BURNING, AND DRYING BRICKS, TILES, PIPES, QUARRIES, TERRA COTTA, LIME, CLAY, AND SIMILAR MATERIALS, AND IN FLUES OR SHEDS FOR DRYING THE SAME
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Smith, of Dial House, Coalville, Leicester-
shire, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS OR OVENS FOR
FIRING, BURNING, AND DRYING BRICKS, TILES, PIPES, QUARRIES, TERRA
COTTA, LIME, CLAY, AND SIMILAR MATERIALS, AND IN FLUES OR SHEDS FOR
DRYING THE SAME."
Sealed the 27th June 1873, and dated the 1st March 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st March 1873.
I, GEORGE SMITH, of Dial House, Coalville, Leicestershire, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS
OR OVENS FOR FIRING, BURNING, AND DRYING BRICKS, TILES, PIPES, QUARRIES,
TERRA COTTA. LINE, CLAY, AND SIMILAR MATERIALS, AND IN FLUES OR SHEDS FOR
DRYING THE SAME," to be as follows:-

page_text: quarries, terra cotta, lime, clay, and such like materials. The fire passes
from mouths or fire-holes, or other feeding places, through flues at the
bottom of the kilns or ovens to a centre chimney or bag or funnel
elevated inside to the required height, but not passing through the
crown of the kiln or oven. The fire then descends through the goods to i
be burnt either by direct action of the fire, or by or through bags or
flues placed among the goods to be so burned, and then passes into flues
or bags conveniently placed in different parts of the bottom or sides of
the kilns or ovens to receive the spent heat from thence to outlets, and
afterwards to the drying sheds or chimneys erected for the purpose.
The heated flues at the bottom of the kilns or ovens can be so constructed
as to consume the smoke or otherwise.
Second. The drying shed or building, which may be adapted or
attached to kilns or ovens of the description above given, or to any kilns
or ovens where the fire wholly or partially descends among the goods to
be burnt, is constructed of any dimensions, and heated by the spent
heat of the kilns or ovens conveyed by flues or tunnels of brick or other
material laid along the bottom or sides of the shed or building either to
the centre flue or to a number of smaller flues in other parts of the shed
or building, and ultimately to a chimney erected at any convenient
part of the works.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Smith in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 1st September 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
SMITH, of Dial House, Coalville, Leicestershire, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said George Smith, Her special
licence that I, the said George Smith, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said George Smith, my executors, ad-
ministrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no otheis
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein

page_text: expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS OR
OVENS FOR FIRING, BURNING, AND DRYING BRICKS, TILES, PIPES, QUARRIES, TERRA
COTTA, LIME, CLAY, AND SIMILAR MATERIALS, AND IN FLUES OR SHEDS FOR DAYING
THE SAME," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Georgo
Smith, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing,
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Smith, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement.
First. Improvements in the construction and adaptation of a kiln or
kilns, oven or ovens for firing, burning, or drying bricks, tiles, pipes,
quarries, terra cotta, lime, clay, iron, coke, or other minerals or mate-
rials, combining the advantages of an ordinary kiln for burning pottery
and the common descending kiln used for burning bricks in one kiln or
kilns or oven or ovens, thereby effecting a very considerable saving in
labor, time, and fuel. Another advantage is that by means of this
improvement the smoke is nearly all consumed. The kilns or ovens
may be erected of any required shape or size, and of any suitable
material, or the principle may be applied to kilns or ovens already
erected. The following is a description:-The fire passes from mouths
or fire-holes, or other feeding places, situated in any part of the kiln or
kilns, oven or ovens through flues at the bottom of the kilns or ovens
(by means of what is technically known as a false bottom, being made
hollow) to a centre or other chimney or chimneys, or flue or flues, or
bag or bags, or funnel or funnels elevated inside to the required height,
but not passing through the crown or top or sides of the kiln or kilns, or
oven or ovens. The fire then descends through the goods, clay, lime,
bricks, tiles, pots, cement, stone, iron, coke, or other mineral or material
to be burnt either by direct action or by or through bags or flues placed

page_text: 1
among the goods to be so burnt, as before described, and then it passes
into flues or bags, or receiving places conveniently placed in different
positions at the bottom or sides or other parts of the kiln or kilns, or
oven or ovens constructed to receive the spent heat. Thence it passes
to outlets or flues outside or under or near to the kiln or kilns, or oven
or ovens, and afterwards to a chimney or chimneys, outlet or outlets,
stack or stacks, flue or flues erected for the purpose, or either to the
drying shed or sheds, or other building or buildings.
Second. The drying shed or sheds or building or buildings used for
such purpose may be adapted, attached, or connected to or with kilns,
ovens, or other buildings of the description before named, or to any
kilns or ovens where the fire wholly or partially descends among the
goods to be burnt, and is constructed of any dimensions or shape, and
heated by the spent heat of the fires of the kilns or ovens after having
passed entirely or partially through the goods, clay, lime, ,bricks, tiles,
pots, cement, stone, iron, coke, or other mineral or material so burnt, as
aforesaid. The walls of the flues in the shed or sheds, or other buildings,
are made of any required size, and of either brick, stone, fire-clay, or
other material, and may be covered with iron, stone, brick, clay, cement,
concrete, or plaster.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood
reference is made to the annexed Drawings, wherein Fig. No. 1 shews
half elevation and half section through centre of Figures No. 2 and.
No. 3. The dotted lines show section through flue A on Figures No. 2
and No. 3.
Fig. No. 2 shews half plan of lower portion and half plan at level B
or Figure No. 1.
Fig. No. 3 shews half plan at level C, Figure No. 1, and half, rcof
plan.
Fig. No. 4 shews section through drying shed, shewing arrangement
of flues.
And Fig. No. 5 represents a plan of drying shed with kilns attached,
shewing the manner in which the hot air circulates towards chimney
at end.
1
Having thus described the nature and object of my said Invention, I
dealous that what I claim and desire to be secured to me by the herein.

page_text: before in part recited Letters Patent is, the improvements in kilns or
ovens for firing, burning, and drying bricks, tiles, pipes, quarries, terra
cotta, lime, clay, and similar materials, and in flues or sheds for drying
the same, substantially as herein-before described and illustrated on
Drawings, or any mere modification thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Smith, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.