IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF LAGER " BEER AND OTHER LIQUIDS AND IN APPARATUS RELATING THERETO
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Perkins Jackson of Liverpool in the county of
Lancaster for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF LAGER
"
BEER AND OTHER LIQUIDS AND IN APPARATUS RELATING THERETO
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Perkins Jackson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st May 1883.
JOHN PERKINS JACKSON of Liverpool in the county of Lancaster
MENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF LAGER BEER AND OTHER LIQUIDS AND IN APPARATUS
" IMPROVE-
RELATING THERETO "
My invention relates chiefly to improvements in the bottling dispensing etcetera
of Lager Beer and other liquids which from their low alcoholic power or for other
causes it is desired to put into bottle with the greatest speed and the least possible
exposure to the air; and it also treats of the best method of dispensing such
liquids on draught in such a manner that impurified atmospheric air may not have
access to them.
The appliances to be used I shall describe in detail and though some of them
are to a certain extent well known I arrange adapt and reconstruct them in the
manner I consider best suited to the purposes for which I use them.
The liquor is first run into a closed metal or other cylinder, screwed into the
inside bottom or into a false bottom of which are grouped several smaller upright
cylinders of wire-work, wicker-work or other suitable material with textile
coverings or bags upon which paper pulp, charcoal or other suitable matter can be
deposited by subsidence. The liquor penetrates to the inside of the cylinders
through the bags etcetera and runs out bright below and is drawn off with a tap
attached to the bottom of the cylinder. An air tube is fixed to the top of each
filtering cylinder and perforated screws are also used to regulate the flow of the
liquor. Above the receptacle holding the filtering tubes a reservoir is sometimes
constructed so as to obtain pressure and a guage tube may be fitted to the reservoir
or other portion of the filter. Sometimes I have a frame which fits on to the

page_text: upper surface of the filtering cylinders holds them rigid in their proper position.
The air entering the chamber may pass through some salicylic acid wadding to
purify it or air may be led to it from a pure position out of doors. In the upper
part of the reservoir there may be placed a layer of suitable filtering or other
material or cooling or heating pipes through or over which the liquor has first to pass.
The air tubes I make either to be open or closed I sometimes have a serpentine
coil in the filtering chamber either inside, outside, or around the cylinders by means
of which the liquor can be either cooled or heated by means of cold water steam
or hot or cold air. Or the coil can be partly perforated so as to disseminate air or
Carbonic Acid Gas etcetera in the liquid.
I make the filter in the following manner of stone-ware china or other suitable
material. In the outer cylindrical or barrel-shaped closed case I hang point
downwards an open cone the upper half of which has only a few air passage
holes but the lower half of which is perforated and has a small opening at
the bottom protected by projections in the stone-ware. Inside half way down
are four or more projections or hooks in the stoneware and upon them a
conical bag of asbestos or other suitable textile material is hung. This bag
fits to the perforated portion of the cone and is secured by plug in the
hole at the bottom. An inner funnel with holes for passage of air directs the
liquid to be filtered to the bottom of the cone and also keeps the bag in position.
The filter is prepared for work by pouring some of the liquor to be filtered and
which is caused to hold powdered charcoal or other suitable material in mechanical
suspension into the cone when the suspended matter forms a coating upon the bag.
The liquor to be filtered is now introduced and after passing through the bag runs
into the outer casing and is drawn off bright at a tap. I sometimes additionally
fill the whole or a great part of the bag or earthen cone when in position, with
granular charcoal or spongy iron in that case I generally dispense with the inner
funnel. The lid should fit air tight when the liquor will be introduced through a
hole therein which can be closed wholly or in part with salicylic acid wadding
and the supply can be regulated with a ball cock and the air supply brought from
the open air. The filter can be supplied internally with ice and the outer casing
can then be protected with some non-conducting material. For refrigerating I
preferably have a double outer casing: the inner part of the casing is preferably
flask-shaped and the ice filled in around it. The draw off tap communicates with
the inner casing. The filter can also be fitted on to a stand for counter use and
can have a projection or ledge for bottles of syrup or flavouring. It can be made
Portland vase shape or be of porous terra cotta and fitted with a saucer or tray
for water when it will in hot weather refrigerate its contents. To exclude the air
I generally have the cover or lid to lap over the outer rim of the inner hanging
cone and the lid fits closely into the casing of the filter by means of a projection
which fits into a hollow in the casing.
The foregoing and other descriptions of filters can in a variety of ways be
modified to suit the purposes I have in view-what I particularly attach value to
is the exclusion of unpurified atmospheric air from the liquid under treatment.
Meantime the bottles are washing on a revolving brush which projects towards
the operator and scours the inside of the bottles, the action thereof being caused by a
treadle crank and weighted fly-wheel, belt and pulley, and the whole being on a
strong iron stand or it may be clamped to the opposite top rim of a tub or trough.
The revolving brush or scraper may be made of rubber adapted to be compressed
so as to enter the mouth of the bottle and to expand automatically as it reaches
the enlarged part so as to act upon all parts of the inner surface of the walls
and the water supplied automatically to the interior of the bottles. The action
is as follows: The bottle is placed in position by pressing the enveloping cylinder
back and allowing the brush to enter the bottle and expand. When pressed back
a tap is opened automatically which allows the water to flow into the bottle while
it is being washed through a hole passing through the centre of the rod. To the
tap is attached a pipe leading to a cistern or the main.
When the bottle is

page_text: removed the cylinder which compresses the brush resumes its original position
automatically by means of springs on either side. Rods support the framework
which works backwards and forwards. A fly-wheel is attached and power is
communicated by the foot by means of a treadle connecting rod and crank, by
a belt pulley or by any other suitable way. As I find the rubber brush does not
always have a sufficiently scouring effect I sometimes soak the bottles first in a
wooden framework wheel which rotates in a half circle tank and is thereby in its
lower half immersed in water or a solution of potash. I sometimes make the
wheel in the same manner as the bins or racks described further on in this
Specification. There are also a ratchet-wheel and catch to oblige the wheel to
revolve in one direction only. Instead of the automatic supply of water, I use
rincers on which the bottles are placed after washing. By turning a cock the
water is admitted to them and injected into the bottles.
The bottles now pass on to syphons of metal which after being started,
supply themselves from a small trough, the rear portion of which is at a higher
level than the front; the bottles hang on a hanging bar preferably notched, and
when each is taken off the syphon, the latter closes by the action of a sliding valve.
The trough hangs or stands on side pieces or legs, and by means of a toothed wheel
and racked slide, a ratchet wheel and a catch or otherwise can be adjusted to any
desired height. The syphons are started by means of an air-tube affixed to them,
as is the case with racking syphons or in any other suitable manner. I regulate
the height of the liquor in the trough by means of a ball cock clamped to or
passing through the side of the trough. I sometimes make the trough to shut
air-tight with a close-fitting lid secured with thumb-screws, the liquor is then
introduced through the lid and the supply is regulated with a ball-cock. Here the
syphons when they enter the side of the trough pass through some compressed
rubber tube which makes an airtight packing.. A guage tube sometimes shows the
height of the liquor in the trough.
The bottle when as full as desired goes on to a support where a cork is
compressed and passed into the neck. The two side compressers either work on
one pivot and are like the jaws of a pair of pliers, which by means of cam-like
slots or grooves in the front of the reciprocating trunk, are opened as the trunk
of the corking machine descends, and close as it rises, and so compress the cork,
which is then acted upon by the end compresser as usual, or the end compresser
has two hinged side pieces or horns, which by means of a spring or springs adapt
themselves to the V-shape of the cone and so prevent any cutting of the cork when
compressing it. The bottle lift is self-acting, and the operator sits astride on a
saddle-seat and presses down or pulls the handle towards him. I consider specially
adapted for use with hinged side pieces to the end compresser, the machines as
described in specifications of Patents of E. F. J. A Gervais N° 1820 of 1876, and
J. T. Willett N° 1259 of 1878, also a machine known by the name of Roussel's, but
I sometimes take these machines and simply fit a bottle lift to work by foot to
them. Still the machine I consider best suited for use with my improvements, is
the Schultz machine as described in Specification of Patent N° 652 of 1878, but
which has been mounted on a saddle-seat and the handle of which instead of
having to be pressed down is constructed to be pulled towards the operator.
The corks are fed into the cone of the corking machine from a hopper above,
passing in single file down a tube sometimes made partially open into the cone or
opening for them. The motion is communicated to the mechanism by means of a
crank and connecting rod, or an endless chain and spur wheels, in connection with
the handle its spindle or any other suitable moving part of the corking machine.
The reciprocating action of such movable part acts as described upon a toothed
wheel, which is fixed at the side or above the cork tube, and thereby alternately
lifts or moves a racked slide so as to permit one cork to pass down the tube, and
then when the action is reversed, lowers or moves the slide so as to close the tube
again. On its opposite circumference the toothed wheel has another racked slide
which being in like manner alternately lowered and raised, or moved to and fro,

page_text: alternately fixes and releases the next cork by means of a pin pressed by a spring,
I sometimes
and so either detains the cork or allows it to pass down the tube.
use instead of the toothed wheel and racks a toothed wheel only, which is fixed in
a line with the cork tube and rotates. partially in it, and at each of its partial
revolutions or on each up or backward action of the bandle of the machine brings
down one cork. With this arrangement I sometimes fix into this wheel pins
acted upon by springs. The reciprocating or alternating action of the corking
machine must only cause the toothed wheel to turn in one direction, this may be
effected by a ratchet wheel and catch and the substitution of a belt and pulley for
an endless chain and spur wheels and toothed wheel, may be fixed in the hopper
so as to stir up the corks and guide them into the descending shaft or cork slide,
and it can be rotated by the action of the corking machine by means of a belt and
pulley or other metbed worked by any suitable part of the machine, the force
operating in one direction only by means of a ratchet wheel and catch. Or I have
a valve which opens and closes by the action of the machine and lets pass one
cork at a time. Or instead of a cork, a clip of steel is sprung round the neck of
the bottle. It has on each side an adjustable metal or wire which carries a glass
or china cone with a rubber disc or band and a lever handle, the latter being
depressed, the bottle is closed in an air tight manner.
An air-tight metallic tin capsule having been slipped on to the neck, the bottle-
neck goes now into a rubber cap fixed in a closed chamber full of glycerine or
other suitable fluid, which is operated upon hydraulically, and the cap caused to
contract and grip the bottleneck and capsule, when into the chamber of liquid the
plunger or ram is driven. The capsule is by this means fixed tightly upon the
neck and atmospheric air excluded. I either drive the ram from above or from
the rear by pulling a lever or handle connected thereto, or by means of a treadle
and sometimes of a pear shaped double connecting rod, I draw the ram partially
into or through the chamber from the underneath side. The ram is in each case if
necessary drawn back again by a spring. I sometimes have the glycerine chamber
drawn out in form upwards, the piston is drawn up from above by rods on either
side which are worked by a counter-weighted lever operated by either hand or foot
power. The glycerine is supplied at a small tap in the elongated part. Instead
of a rain,
I may have two circular diaphragms of corrugated spring steel mounted
on the top, and the underside of a segment of a hollow metal upright cylinder, and
the space between them is filled with glycerine or other suitable fluid, and there
is the usual rubber cap for the insertion of the bottleneck. The glycerine chamber
is held in position by a frame on each side, and the frames are mounted on a stand
or bench so that the chamber can move slightly up and down. Under the lower
diaphragın on the stand is a convex surface and above the upper diaphragm is a
Y-shaped lever which by means of a treadle causes the diaphragms to approach
each other, and pressure is thereby hydraulically exerted on a bottleneck and
capsule placed in the rubber cap. Instead of hydraulic pressure I may use the
inward pressure due to the contraction of its interior of an elastic tube, confined
This I mount on a tall
at its external periphery and subjected to end pressure.
pedestal stand and preferably work with a treadle. These capsuling appliances
can if desired be made to be clamped on to a bench, or can be mounted on a tall
hollow iron pedestal stand or base.
The bottles now slide into a rack formed of solid cubes or hexagons of wood
held apart at regular distances by strips of iron, which cross each other and each
bisect the cubes in such a manner that no metal comes in contact with the bottles.
Or upright strips of corrugated iron, papier-maché, or other suitable material can
be fastened one against another, projection against projection, so as to form nests
or holes into which the bottles can be placed or slid. The air can by means of
racks thus formed freely circulate among the bottles and the ripening of the beer
or other liquor is thereby hastened. These racks can also be fitted into cabinets or
travelling cases.
5
In the case of Lager Beer for use on draught I drive it to the outlet or

page_text: dispensing tap. by introducing compressed air or Carbonic Acid gas under pressure
into the cask in the following manner. An upright cylinder or condenser of
wrought iron or copper provided with a pressure gauge and, or a safety valve bas
attached to it a rotary pump whose solid piston (whereby leather packing is
dispensed with) works up and down from below so that the oil used may not
contaminate the air or gas pumped in. By means of a fly-wheel and handle and
its spindle which passes over the top of the cylinder and works through two
separate stuffing boxes attached to either side of the top of the cylinder or one
stuffing box which extends over all the top of it and which spindle has a crank
attached, air (or gas) is drawn into the barrel of a pump attached to the side of
the cylinder by means of a connecting rod and a piston which works from below
and pumps air into the cylinder from the upper part of the pump barrel. A
two-way tap at the upper part of the pump barrel leads the pumped air direct
through a sinall tap and also a valve into the cylinder and also draws air through
a valve for the supply of the pump. When a sufficient pressure of air or gas has
been obtained in the condenser or cylinder as seen by the pressure gauge which
may be attached to the cylinder or other convenient place communication is
effected between the cylinder and the cask of beer by means of a cock fixed in the
condenser a flexible pipe preferably of short lengths of tin pipe with rubber joints
or connections and an in and outlet cock which is screwed in at the bung hole of
the cask and by means of a descending adjustable inner rod can be made to
penetrate to any depth of the cask. The air or gas enters at the inlet way into
the cask and the beer is forced out of the cask at the outlet of the cock and by
means of piping is carried where desired and drawn off at a dispensing tap.
Preferably the air passes first after leaving the cylinder into a small chamber
from which it is distributed through separate pipes attached thereto to as many
casks as it may be desired to operate upon I sometimes have connected to the
cylinder an oil catcher and an air filter containing salicylic wadding and through
these all the air pumped in passes. Instead of using a pump pressure may be got
from a head of water either from a cistern or from the main. The water enters at
the bottom of the cylinder and compresses the air in the upper portion thereof.
When it has risen almost to the top of the cylinder which can be seen by means of
a gauge tube at the side it lifts a ball cock and so prevents its further rise or entry
into the air pipe. A small tap at the top of the cylinder filled with salicylic acid
wadding is then opened, for a fresh supply of air to pass in, the tap in the air pipe
having been previously turned off. I sometimes however supply the air which is
to pass in through this tap from the open air outside. The water supply tap is
now turned off and the water outlet tap which is between the cylinder and the
supply tap is opened whereby the spent water runs to waste. The outlet tap and
the air tap are now turned off and a fresh supply of water let in. I regulate the
pressure in the cylinder by the pressure gauge as usual. I sometimes let the water
enter at the top or upper part of the cylinder and by means of a rose or a
perforated plate it descends in the form of spray and so purifies and cools the air
in the cylinder which can be coated with non-conducting material as well as the
pipes that lead from it. The water introduced can also be previously cooled by
means of ice etcetera.
If Carbonic Acid gas is used there is attached to the condenser a generator
which has an inner perforated cylinder with perforated bottom. The perforated
cylinder is filled with bi-carbonate of lime or other suitable carbonate and an outer
trough is filled with diluted sulphuric, Hydrochloric, tartaric or other suitable acid.
By the action of the acid and the carbonate carbonic acid gas. is formed which
drives back the acid out of contact with the carbonate in the cylinder and so stops
the action. But as the gas is drawn off by the pump new gas is formed and
this is consumed by the operator until a suitable pressure has been obtained
in the condenser when the connection with the cask is opened and the beer is
lifted.
In place of the inner perforated cylinder I sometimes simply place the carbonate

page_text: in a generating chamber which then is provided with a stirrer; by a syphon
arrangement for the acid the gas generated causes the same automatic effect.
A safety syphon may be used so constructed that if the pressure of gas in the
generating chamber becomes too great it will displace a column of water and so
give itself the necessary space.
These automatic generating systems and the safety valve just described are in
effect those described in the Specification of Mondollet Patent N° 2001 of 1875 in
connection with the preparation of Aerated Water but I have adapted to them the
purpose of raising Beer by carbonic acid gas and for liquifying carbonic acid gas
for the same purpose.
The carbonic acid gas may be purified by washing or be passed through a
chamber filled with wet coke or other material so as to rid it of traces of acid and
in like manner when compressed air is used I pass that through an oil collector
and a purifying chamber containing salicylic acid wadding all of which purifying
chambers I attach to the condenser. A reducing valve or cock may be used to
Or the carbonic acid
regulate the pressure of the air or gas supplied to the cask.
gas from the generator can be pumped into a very strong portable cylinder fitted
with metallic pressure gauge and a safety valve and at a pressure of about
I then detach the
40 atmospheres the gas pumped in assumes the liquid state.
pump the presser gauge and the safety valve from the cylinder and put the latter
in connection either direct with the cask or with an expanding chamber provided
with a pressure gauge and safety valve. In each case as the liquid carbonic acid
gas passes out in the gaseous state its pressure is regulated by a reducing valve.
The tap on the counter from which the Beer is served has a hollow plug containing
a piston to work up and down. As the tap is turned on, the plug and piston rod
being linked together, the piston rod is raised and some beer entering into the
vacuum formed is forced out into the glass in a foaming state as soon as the tap is
turned off and the piston thereby lowered. Or I hinge upon the outlet tube of
the tap a grid which can be pushed into the outlet tube at will and so cause the
issuing beer to foam.
1 consider these improvements as applicable to the treatment of any liquid to
which it may be thought well to apply them I do not always consider it essential
that the whole course should be gone through as the same may be simplified in
practice and some portions particularly the filtering may be dispensed with where
the liquor supplied is already bright.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Perkins Jackson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
30th November 1883.
JOHN PERKINS JACKSON of Liverpool in the county of Lancaster "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF LAGER BEER AND OTHER LIQUIDS, AND IN APPARATUS
RELATING THERETO."
My invention relates chiefly to improvements in the bottling, dispensing, etcetera
of Lager Beer, and other liquids, which from their low alcoholic power, or for other
causes, it is desired to put into bottle with the greatest speed, and the least possible
exposure to the air, and it also treats of the best method of dispensing such liquids
on draught, in such a manner that impurified atmospheric air may not have access
to them.
The appliances to be used I shall describe in detail, and though some of them are
to a certain extent well known, I arrange, adapt and reconstruct theur in the manner
I consider best suited to the purposes for which I use them.
The liquor is run into a closed metal vessel of cylindrical or other shape, for the
purposes of filtration, such as shown in sectional elevation and plan in Figs 1-2,
screwed into the inside bottom, or into a false bottom a, of which are grouped
several smaller upright cylinders B, of wire work, wicker work, or other suitable
material with textile coverings or bags, upon which paper pulp, charcoal or other
suitable matter, in a finely divided state, and inserted with the liquid in the first
place, can be deposited by subsidence. The liquor penetrates to the inside of the
cylinders through the bags etcetera, and runs out through the pipes b below, and is
drawn off with a tap a' attached to the bottom of the cylinder. An air-tube b¹ is
fixed to the top of each filtering cylinder.
The upper part of the vessel A¹, is preferably made larger than the lower part A
as shown, to receive and contain the liquor to be filtered. Perforated trays or
discs ab are inserted in the upper part A', to prevent the splash or rush of the
liquor washing off the filtering material which has been deposited on the outside
of the cylinders B. The lower perforated tray 6" (which has a single row of
perforations near its outside) through which the tubes b¹ pass, serves as a frame to
hold the cylinders B rigid in their place. Or a separate frame may be inserted
fitting closely round their tops.
B¹ a
Fig 3. shows a suitable form for the filter when made in stoneware, china, or
other similar material. A is the outer casting, preferably cylindrical.
perforated cone placed inside, which is covered with asbestos cloth 6, or other
similar textile material upon which the filtering medium may be deposited. This
material is held in place by being tied in a groove on the upper part of the cone, or
by being caught in between it and the outer casing. B" is an inner cone to receive
the weight and splash of the liquid as it is poured into the filter. The liquor
passes through a hole in the bottom of the inner cone B, and rises in the other,
passing through it is filtered thereby. The liquor is drawn off by a tap a¹ in the
bottom of the vessel. I sometimes in addition fill the whole or a great part of the
earthen cone, when in position, with granular charcoal or spongy iron.
Above the
filtering apparatus a reservoir is sometimes constructed so as to obtain pressure, and
a pressure gauge or gauge tube may be fitted to the reservoir or to the filter in any
convenient place.
The air that enters the filter or the reservoir may be made to pass through a
receptacle containing salicylic acid wadding to purify it, or it may be led to it from
a position out of doors, where pure air can be obtained. When such an appliance

page_text: is added to the filter, of course I make the fittings of the lid air tight by forming a
groove containing water, or in any other manner, so as to prevent the entrance of
air without its passing through the purifying medium. The supply of liquid may
be regulated by a ball tap if so desired.
For the purpose of regulating the temperature of the liquid passing through the
filter, a coil of pipes may be introduced through which would pass a cooling or
heating medium, or the filter supplied internally with ice, and the outer casing
protected with some non-conducting material. For refrigerating I prefer to have a
double outer casing, the inner part of the casing is preferably flask-shaped and the
ice filled in around it.
Figs 3 and 4, sheet 2, shew the improved apparatus I have designed for the
washing of the bottles required for bottling liquids. The bottles are first placed in
the interstices provided, in a large wooden frame-work wheel C, which slowly
revolving in a trough C¹ containing water or a solution of soda or potash, the
motion being caused by the weight of the bottles which are filled in at one side
and taken out at the next, a ratchet wheel and catch prevents the wheel turning in
the wrong direction. When the bottles have been soaked and passed through tho
solution in the trough, they are taken out and scoured on a revolving brush or
scraper D, made of rubber adapted to be compressed so as to enter the mouth of
the bottle, and to expand automatically as it reaches the enlarged part, so as to act
upon all parts of the inner surface of the walls of the bottle. The machine for
operating the brush is affixed on a stand at the side of the tank and wheel, in such
position that the revolving brush projects towards the operator. A small enveloping
cylinder covers the ends of the scraper, and keeps them closed until its end enters
the bottle, this cylinder d is then pressed back, allowing the brush to enter the
bottle and expand. When pressed back the tap at c is opened automatically and
allows the water to flow into the bottle while being washed, through a hole passing
through the centre of rod from c to d. To the tap c is attached a pipe leading to a
cistern or the main. When the bottle is removed the cylinder & which compresses
the brush, resumes its original position automatically by means of the springs on
either side, d¹ c¹ are the rods supporting the frame-work which works backwards and
forwards through c". d" is a balance wheel. Power is communicated by the foot
by means of a treadle connecting rod and crank, by a belt pulley or by any other
suitable way.
After the bottles are scoured they are first placed on the drainer
board E and then placed on rinsers E, affixed to the apparatus. These latter
consist of tubes c, over which the bottles are inverted, and through which water is
injected being admitted by a tap placed in the supply pipe.
Figs 6 and 7 shew, a plan view and end elevation of my improved apparatus for
filling the bottles, The liquor with which the bottles are to be filled is placed in a
trough F upon the front of the bottom of which are fixed wedge shaped pieces L
as shewn in dotted lines. The liquor is conveyed from the trough F to the bottle
by a syphon G, one end of which G₁ projects into its interior. The bottle is hung
by the projection on its neck onto the bar H, the height of which is regulated by
the screw h on the pin h¹, and it is raised or lowered to correspond with the height
of the liquor in the tank F, or in accordance with the height to which the bottles
are to be filled. By this arrangement the bottles though of unequal or varying
size are all filled to a uniform level. The height of the trough F is also capable of
adjustment, to each of its ends is attached a rack F¹ and slide F", sliding in the
framework of the apparatus. The rack is raised and lowered by a wheel f' which
is operated by a handle f" on the shaft to which the wheels are secured, a pawi
and wheel f, prevents the descent of the troughs when not required. When the
bottle is removed from the syphon it assumes, by means of a counterbalanco
weight g, the position shewn in the drawings, Fig 7; the syphon closes auto-
matically by the action of a sliding valve on its short leg g'. This valve consists
of a slide g³, passing over the end of g'. When the leg G₁ of the syphon is drawn
forward for the purpose of filling the bottle, the leg G is raised and the slide g!!
by its own weight, moves toward the end leaving the hole gui, uncovered, through

page_text: which the liquor passes. When the bottle is removed and the syphon assumes the
position shown, the bottom of the slide g¹¹, comes in contact with the raised wedge f
of the bottom of the tank, and is forced up on guntil the hole g is covered and
the flow of liquor cut off. The syphons are started by means of an air tube
affixed to them, as is the case with racking syphons, or by exbausting the air in
any other suitable manner. The height of the liquor in the trough F may be
regulated by means of a ball tap, clamped to or passing through the side of the
trough. If desired the trough may be inade to shut air-tight, with a close fitting
lid secured with thumb-screws, the liquor is then introduced through the lid and
the supply is regulated with a ball tap. In this case the syphons when they enter
the side of the trough, pass through some compressed rubber tube which makes an
airtight packing, and a gauge tube may be inserted to show the height of the
liquor in the trough. G is a drip trough fixed at any convenient height to receive
the drippings from the syphon or bottle.
The bottles when filled are passed to a corking machine in which the cork is
compressed and pressed into the neck, of any known or suitable construction, such
as that described in the specification of Letters Patent N° 2006 of 1881 granted
to me, or of Patents of Schultz N° 652 of 1878; E. F. J. A. Gervais N° 1820 of
1876; or J. T. Willett, N° 1259 of 1878,
At
In these machines the corks are fed to the cone in which they are compressed
by hand and to simplify and expedite the operation of corking bottles I attach
to the machine the apparatus shewn in Fig. 8, from which the corks are fed auto-
matically one for each stroke of the corking plunger J, which forces them into the
bottle. The corks are placed in the hopper I and pass in single file down the
tube and are delivered from its end into the cone J' of the corking machine.
The wheel K is moved a part of a revolution forward and back again as the
plunger J is brought down and raised, a band k from the wheel K turns the fluted
wheel K¹ thus keeping the corks in the bottom of the hopper agitated and causing
them to pass in regular order endwise down the tube, I. The wheel K¹ is pre-
vented turning in any direction but that indicated by the arrow by means of a
ratchet wheel and catch attached to the pulley over which the band k passes.
each downward stroke of the plunger J and part revolution of the wheel Ka
slide i is moved into the tube to prevent the passage of the corks this is actuated
by lever and crank and a toothed segment ¹¹. At the upward stroke of the
plunger the slide i is driven out and one cork allowed to fall into the cone J¹ to
be driven into the next bottle. To prevent the fall of more than one cork when
the slide is open a spring slide or catch is placed a short distance above the
slide i. This is released by the tumbler when the slide i is moved inwards.
The corks are thus allowed to pass down the tube until the bottom one rests on
the slide this cork is allowed to fall when the slide is withdrawn but the one
above it is held in the tube by the spring catch i¹ until that catch is again released
by the tumbler ". By this arrangement the corking machine is continuously
and automatically fed with corks. The tube 1¹ is preferably made open or wire-
work at back so that should any stoppage occur it can be easily seen and
remedied.
Fig 9. shows the apparatus I use for fastening the capsules over the corks of the
bottles. it consists of a reservoir L filled with glycerine or other liquid and its
upper part is elongated to receive an hydraulic piston the rod of which M projects
upward. This piston rod is provided on its other end with a T cross head m to
the extremities of which connecting rods m¹ are pivoted a reciprocating motion is
imparted to these connecting rods by means of cranks m" which are actuated by
a counter-weighted lever N affixed to the shaft non which they are secured.
small tap or screw plug is provided in the upper portion of the reservoir through
which to insert the liquid. Into the opening in the front of the apparatus is
secured a thimble shaped receptacle of india rubber or other similar flexible
material. The bottle neck with the capsule placed over it is inserted at the
handle or lever N drawn forward which forces the piston on the rod M down
A

page_text: through and the hydraulic pressure acting through the flexible india rubber
compresses the capsule tightly into position. This apparatus is preferably mounted
on a high pillar or stand as shown but may be secured to a bench table or in any
other suitable place.
The rack for storing the bottles I form as shown in Fig. 10. of solid cubes or
hexagons of wood O held apart at regular distances by strips of iron O' which
cross each other and each bisect the cubes in such a manner that no metal comes
in contact with the bottles so as to form nests or holes into which the bottles can
be placed or slid. The air can by means of racks thus formed freely circulate
among the bottles and the ripening of the beer or other liquor is thereby hastened.
These racks can also be fitted into cabinets or travelling cases.
Figs 11 and 12 shew two views of a bottle stopper which may be used instead of
corks for securing the contents of bottles a clip of steel P is sprung round the neck
of the bottle it has on each side an adjustable metal or wire bail p which carries a
glass or china cone P' with a rubber disc or band and a lever handle p¹. In the
top of the cone P¹ is fixed a small pin p" which passes through a slot in the end
of the handle p' the bail p being affixed to another hole nearer to the end of p¹
when the handle or lever p¹ is depressed the bail p is drawn directly over the
centre of the cone P¹ and the cone forced and held in the mouth of the bottle.
Fig. 13 shows the general arrangement of my apparatus for dispensing Lager and
other beer on draught by introducing carbonic acid gas under pressure into the cask.
The carbonic acid gas is generated in a cylindrical apparatus R. This apparatus
may be of any suitable form but I prefer that shown. Within the outer
cylinder. R. there is an inner perforated cylinder R₁ with perforated bottom. The
perforated cylinder is filled with bicarbonate of lime or other suitable carbonate
and an outer trough is filled with diluted sulphuric hydrochloric tartaric or other
suitable acid. By the action of the acid and the carbonate carbonic acid gas is
generated which drives back the acid out of contact with the carbonate in the
cylinder and so stops the action. But as the gas is drawn off, fresh gas is
generated, and this is drawn off by the operator.
The generating apparatus R is preferably placed as shewn under the arched
bottom of condenser or upright cylinder S, of wrought iron or copper provided
with a pressure gauge 8.
Attached to the cylinder S is a rotary pump S¹, whose
solid piston (whereby leather packing is dispensed with) works up and down from
below so that the oil used may not contaminate the gas pumped in. By means of
a flywheel and handle and its spindle which passes over the top of the cylinder
and works through one or two separate stuffing boxes attached to either side of
the top of the cylinder, the carbonic acid gas from the generator R is drawn into
the barrel of the pump S¹ attached to the side of the cylinder. A two way tap 8¹
at the upper part of the pump barrel leads the pumped gas direct through a small
tap and valve which prevents its return into the cylinder and also draws the gas
through a valve for the supply of the pump. When a sufficient pressure of gas
has been obtained in the condenser or cylinder S as seen by the pressure gauge
which may be attached to the cylinder or other convenient place communication is
effected between the cylinder and the cask of beer T by means of a cock fixed in
the condensor ta flexible pipe t¹ preferably of short lengths of tin pipe with
rubber points or connections and an in and outlet cock t" which is screwed in a
hole in the cask and by means of a descending adjustable inner rod can be made to
penetrate to any depth of the cask. The gas enters at the inlet way into the cask
and the beer is forced out of the cask at the outlet the cock and by means of
piping is carried where desired and drawn off at a dispensing tap, in the drawing
shown in the counter.
Preferably the gas passes first, after leaving the cylinder, into a small chamber
from which it is distributed through separate pipes attached thereto to as many
casks as it may be desired to operate upon.
•
Fig 14. shows an apparatus which may be used instead of a gas generator and
condenser from which to obtain pressure from a head of water either from a cistern

page_text: or from the main. The water enters the cylinder U through a rose u and
compresses the air in the upper portion thereof. When the water has risen
almost to the top of the cylinder which can be seen by means of a gauge tube u¹!!
at the side it lifts a ball cock u' and so prevents its further rise or entry into the
exit pipe. A small tap u" at the top of the cylinder filled with salicylic acid
wadding is then opened, for a fresh supply of air to pass in, the tap ul having
been previously turned off. The water supply tap vis now turned off and the
water outlet tap v¹ opened whereby the spent water runs to waste. The outlet
tap and the air tap u are now turned off and a fresh supply of water let in. I
regulate the pressure in the cylinder by the pressure gauge as usual. The water
enters at the top or upper part of the cylinder U and by means of a rose or a
perforated plate it descends in the form of spray and so purifies and cools the air
in the cylinder which can be coated with non-conducting material as well as the
pipes that lead from it. The water introduced can also be previously cooled by
means of ice etcetera.
This automatic generating system described is in effect as described in the
specification of Mondllet Patent N° 2001 of 1875 in connection with the
preparation of aerated water but I have adapted it to the purpose of raising beer
by carbonic acid gas.
The carbonic acid gas may be purified by washing or be passed through a
chamber filled with wet coke, or other material so as to rid it of traces of acid.
To cause the beer to issue in a foaming state from the dispensing tap on the
counter, I hinge or pivot upon the outlet tube of the tap a grid W seen in Fig 15:
which can be pushed under the outlet tube at will and so cause the issuing beer
to foam.
I consider these improvements as applicable to the treatment of any liquid to
which it may be thought well to apply them, I do not always consider it essential
that the whole course should be gone through as the same may be simplified in
practise and some portions particularly the filtering may be dispensed with where
the liquor supplied is already bright.
Having now described my invention & the best mode known to me of carrying
it into effect I wish it to be understood that I am aware that various apparatus or
machines for carrying out of the several objects I have in view have been already
used and that I do not make claim for the separate parts of the apparatus shown but
that what I believe to be new and desire to protect by Letters Patent is
1st. An apparatus for filtering beer or other liquor wherein three or more upright
perforated cylinders provided with air tubes and covered with textile material
upon which the filtering medium is deposited by subsidence of the first portion of
the liquor passing through are grouped together upon the bottom of and in
combination with a large outside casing, substantially as described and shown.
2nd. In an apparatus for filtering liquid the use of a perforated cone opening
upwards and hanging point downwards placed inside an outer casing and against
the perforations of which is stretched asbestos or other similar textile material
capable of retaining on its surface fine filtering matter which is deposited by sub-
sidence of the first portion of the liquid passing through in combination with an
inner cone, substantially as described and shown.
3rd. The general arrangement and construction of apparatus for washing bottles
in which a compressible india-rubber brush expanding automatically is used for
scouring bottles in combination with the mechanism for driving the brush which
automatically supplies a jet of water to the interior of the bottle and a rack or
wheel in which the bottles are soaked with or without the addition of apparatus
for finally rinsing the bottles, substantially as shown and described.
4th. In a bottling machine or apparatus for filling liquor into bottles the use of
syphons closing automatically at their shorter ends by means of a sliding valve in
combination with a movable and adjustable tank raised and lowered synchronously
at each end by means of a rack and pinion (or their mechanical equivalent) such
as F provided with a hanging bar H substantially as described and shown.

page_text: 5th. The use with a corking machine of apparatus for automatically feeding corks
thereto in which the corks placed in a hopper pass down a tube or barrel to the
cone of the machine and the passage of the corks is controlled so that one only
is ejected at each stroke of the corking plunger substantially as described and
shewn.
6th. The general arrangement and construction of apparatus herein described and
shewn for affixing the capsules to the necks of bottles in which the piston rod
standing out above the machine is operated by a pair of cranks connected thereto
by connecting rods and receiving motion from a counterbalance lever.
7th. The construction of racks or bins for storing bottles formed of cubes or
hexagons of wood held apart at regular intervals by strips of iron and so placed
that the bottles will rest against the wood and not against the metal substantially
as described and shown.
8th. The combined arrangement herein described for stoppering bottles in which a
handle with an eccentric motion at its end forces the stopper into the bottle and
the bail is held against the neck of the bottle by a spring clip.
9th. The general arrangement of apparatus for raising beer from the barrel to the
dispensing tap consisting of an apparatus for generating carbonic acid gas a pump
for forcing the generated gas into a receiver or condenser and a condenser wherein
the gas is maintained at a pressure above that of the atmosphere substantially
as described and shewn no claim being made for one single part taken separately.
10th. The use in the raising of beer or other liquids from the cask to the dispensing
tap of the apparatus substantially as herein described and shewn in Fig. 14 for
obtaining a pressure above that of the atmosphere and for cooling and purifying
the air used by means of water in the form of spray.
11th. The means for causing Lager and other beer to froth on issuing from the
dispensing tap which consists of a tap with a grid pivoted or hinged thereto
substantially as described and shewn.
In witness whereof I the said John Perkins Jackson have hereunto set my
hand and seal this twenty ninth day of November in the year of our Lord one
thousand eight hundred and eighty three.
4 B