IMPROVEMENTS IN BRICK-MAKING MACHINERY
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Scholefield, of Leeds, in the County
of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRICK-MAKING
MACHINERY."
Sealed the 13th January 1871, and dated the 15th July 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Scholefield at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 15th July 1870.
I, RICHARD SCHOLEFIELD, of Leeds, in the County of York, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BRICK-MAKING MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to machinery for moulding or forming bricks
into suitable forms from clay or other plastic material, and the improve-
ments consist,-
Firstly. Of a radial arm, which I mount on a shaft in bearings on
suitable framework. On the framework I mount two cylinders or drums
horizontally in bearings at any required distance apart. On the periphery
of cach cylinder are provided or formed any required number of moulds

page_text: at suitable distances apart. On a shaft in bearings on the framework
is provided a crank having a crank pin, on which is fitted so as to work
freely a block or roller, which is made to work in a slot provided in
the radial arm, producing by its motion a reciprocating motion to the
radial arm. Plungers or rammers are attached to the radial arm, which
are made to enter alternately the feed boxes provided for each cylinder,
whereby the clay or other plastic material is fed into the moulds.
Other rammers are attached to the radial arm, which are made to
enter alternately the moulds, after being filled, for the purpose of
pressing the brick.
In each mould is provided a plunger for pushing out the pressed
forms. The plungers in the moulds opposite each other are connected,
so that simultaneously with the operation of filling one form the opposite
form is pushed out therefrom on to a table or other appliance.
The required intermittent motion is given to the cylinders by means
of arms or bars attached to the radial arm; these are formed so as to
catch on pins or bowls fixed on each cylinder at suitable distances
apart. Motion may be given to the crank shaft through suitable
gearing. Above the cylinders is provided by preference one large hopper
to receive and supply the clay or other plastic material to the feeding
boxes on both cylinders.
Secondly. The improvements consist in constructing the machine
without the gearing and the crank motion, and connecting or coupling
the radial arm either above or below its centre a connecting rod
attached to a crank motion supplied with suitable gearing apart from
the machine.
Thirdly. The improvements consist further in an arrangement in
which I employ a horizontal disc or crank having its crank pin working
in a slot in the feeding or filling rammers or plungers to give to them
the necessary reciprocating motion.
I also employ shafts mounted in bearings above and below the
cylinders, each of which is provided with suitable cams for giving
pressure to the rammers or plungers at the top and bottom of the
cylinders simultaneously; by this means the clay or plastic material is
pressed equally at both sides of the form in the mould, whereby a better
form is produced. The upper and lower shafts, also the disc or crank,
are connected by suitable gearing.

page_text: The required intermittent motion is given to the cylinders or drums
by means of arms or bars attached to the horizontal feed rammer or
plunger, and made so as to catch on pins or bowls fixed in each cylinder,
in the same manner as in the first part of my improvements. The
hopper may also be arranged as in the first part of my improvements.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Richard Scholefield in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 14th January 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
SCHOLEFIELD, of Leeds, in the County of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-fourth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Richard Scholefield, Her special licence that
I, the said Richard Scholefield, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Richard Scholefield, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BRICK-MAKING MACHINERY," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Richard Scholefield, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Scholefield, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying

page_text: Drawings and to the letters of reference marked thereon, that is to
say:
My Invention relates to machinery for moulding or forming bricks
into suitable forms from clay or other plastic material, and the improve-
ments consist,-
Firstly. Of a radial arm which I mount on a shaft in bearings on
suitable framework. On the framework I mount two cylinders or
drums horizontally in bearings at any required distance apart. On
the periphery of each cylinder are provided or formed any required
number of moulds at suitable distances apart. On a shaft in bearings
on the framework is provided a crank having a crank pin, on which is
fitted so as to work freely a block or roller, which is made to work in a
slot provided in the radial arm, producing by its motion a reciprocating
motion to the radial arm. Plungers or rammers are attached to the
radial arın, which are made to enter alternately the feed boxes provided
for each cylinder, whereby the clay or other plastic material is fed into
the moulds. Other rammers are attached to the radial arm, which are
made to enter alternately, the moulds, after being filled, for the purpose
of pressing the brick.
In each mould is provided a plunger for pushing out the pressed
forms. The plungers in the moulds opposite each other are con-
nected, so that simultaneously with the operation of filling one form
the opposite form is pushed out therefrom on to a table or other
appliance.
The required intermittent motion is given to the cylinders by means
of arms or bars attached to the radial arm; these are formed so as to
catch on pins or bowls fixed on each cylinder at suitable distances apart.
Motion may be given to the crank shaft through suitable gearing.
Above the cylinders is provided by preference one large hopper to receive
and supply the clay or other plastic material to the feeding boxes on both
cylinders.
Secondly. The improvements consist in constructing the machine
without the gearing and the crank motion, and connecting or coupling
the radial arm either above or below its centre a connecting rod
attached to a crank motion supplied with suitable gearing apart from
the machine.

page_text: Thirdly. The improvements consist further in an arrangement in
which I employ a horizontal dise or crank having its crank pin working
in a slot in the feeding or filling rammers or plungers, to give to them
the necessary reciprocating motion.
I also employ shafts mounted in bearings above and below. the
cylinders, each of which is provided with suitable cams for giving
pressure to the rammers or plungers at the top and bottom of the
cylinders simultaneously; by this means the clay or plastic material is
pressed equally at both sides of the form in the mould, whereby a better
form is produced. The upper and lower shafts, also the disc or crank,
are connected by suitable gearing.
The required intermittent motion is given to the cylinders or drums
by means of arms or bars attached to the horizontal feed rammer or
plunger, and made so as to catch on pins or bowls fixed on each
cylinder in the same manner as in the first part of my improve-
ments. The hopper may also be arranged as in the first part of my
improvements.
Fig. 1 (Sheet 1) of the accompanying Drawings is a side elevation ;
Fig..
..2, a cross section; and Fig. 3, a plan of machinery constructed
according to my Invention; Fig. 4 is an elevation of crank shewing
the arrangement of roller; and Fig. 5 is a cross section of the same;
Fig. 6 is a cross section of cylinder; and Fig. 7 is a cross section of
the feed box.
a is a radial arm which I mount on a shaft 6 in bearings c on frame-
work d. On the framework d I mount two cylinders or drums e
horizontally in bearings f at any required distance apart, which revolve
intermittently. On the periphery of each cylinder any required number
of moulds g are provided or formed at a convenient distance apart, as
shewn in Fig. 6; h is a crank shaft mounted in bearings having a block
or roller i fitted upon it at j, so as to work freely; the crank pin j is
made solid with the cranks ; the roller i is fitted on it in halves, and
the parts are held together by the pins 1, as shewn in Figs. 4 & 5.
The roller is made to work in a slot m provided in the radial arm a.
The plungers or rammers n are attached to the radial arm a, as shewn,
which are made to enter alternately into the feed boxes o provided for
each cylinder, whereby the clay or other plastic material is fed into the
moulds g. Other perforated rammers p are attached to the radial arm a
which are made to enter alternately the filled moulds for the purpose

page_text: of pressing the bricks. In each mould a plunger q is provided for
pushing out the pressed forms. The plungers q in the moulds opposite
each other are connected by the bars r, so that simultaneously with
the operation of filling one form the opposite form is pushed out there-
from on to a table or other appliance. The required intermittent
motion is given to the cylinders e by means of the arms or bars s attached
to the radial arm a by the bracket t; these arms or bars s are formed as
shewn at 1 so as to catch on the pins u, on which “bowls” or rollers are
fitted so as to work freely, the pins u are fixed on the cylinders as shewn
at a suitable distance apart. Motion may be given to the crank shaft h
through gearing w and x, as shown. On one of the spur wheels w a
flange y is fixed, which when in contact with the "bowls" on the pins u³,
in the manner shewn in Fig. 1, retains them in one fixed position during
the operation of pressing and filling the moulds. The pins are
fixed on the discs 2 as shewn and the "bowls " on them are fitted so
as to work freely. Above the cylinders is provided one large hopper z,
to receive and supply the clay or other plastic material to the feeding
boxes o.
On the driving shaft ² the pinions x are mounted, also the
driving pulley 3 and loose pulley 4.
•
Figs. 1, 2, and 3 (Sheet 2) illustrate the second part of my Invention,
where the machine is constructed without gearing and crank motion
as shewn, of which Fig. 1 is a side elevation; Fig. 2, a cross section;
Fig. 3 a plan; the connecting or coupling the radial arm a is either
above the centre, as shown at b, or below the centre, as shown by dotted
lines at c, to a connecting rod d, attached to a crank motion supplied
with gearing apart from the machine. The other parts of this machine
shewn on Sheet 2 correspond with those shown on Sheet 1.
The third part of my Invention is illustrated by Sheet 3, where Fig. 1
is a half side elevation and section; Fig. 2, a cross section through,
A, B, of Fig. 1; Fig. 3, an end elevation; Fig. 4, a sectional plan;
Fig. 5 shows arrangement of gearing; and Fig. 6 is a plan of top
rammer.
a is a horizontal disc or crank having its shaft a¹ running in bearings
1 and 2 between the framework, as shown. The crank pin b on the
disc or crank a is provided with a block or roller c, which works in
the slot d in the feeding or filling rammers or plunger bar e to give
the necessary reciprocating motion; ƒ and g are other shafts mounted
in bearings above and below the cylinders h, each of which is provided

page_text: with cams i for giving pressure to the rammers or plungers j and kat
the top and bottom of the cylinders h simultaneously. The plungers
in the moulds opposite each other are connected by bars, as shown in
Fig. 1, also on Sheet 4, Fig. 7. It will be readily understood that the
pressure being given by the rammer j simultaneously with that of the
perforated rammer k, the form in the bottom mould will be pressed
evenly on both sides, whereby a more evenly pressed form may be
produced.
It will also be understood that simultaneously with the operation of
filling the mould by the rammers e the pressed form is pushed out on
to a table or other appliance. The hopper m is provided to receive
and supply the clay or other plastic material to the feeding boxes n.
The required intermittent motion is given to the cylinders h by means
of the arms or bars o attached to the feeding rammers or plunger bar e
by means of the bracket p. The arms or bars o are formed at q, as
shown, so as to catch on the pins 7, on which bowls are fitted so as to
work freely. The pins r are fixed on the cylinders h at a suitable
distance apart as shewn. The upper and lower shafts fand g are con-
nected by gearing s, motion being transmitted from the pulley & through
the pinion on the shaft v to the gearings on the shaft g, thence through
the bevel wheels s² to the crank shaft a¹.
Sheet 4 contains views of a machine showing a modification of the
third part of my Invention; it will be seen that the upper shaft in this
case is dispensed with.
Fig. 1 is half side elevation and section; Fig. 2 is a cross section
through A, B, of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is an end elevation; Fig. 4 is a plan;
Fig. 5 is a plan of rammer; Fig. 6 shows an arrangement of gearing;
and Fig. 7 is a section of the cylinder which is also applicable to the
machine shown at Sheet 3.
The other parts of this machine and shown on Sheet 4 correspond in
every way with those shown at Sheet 3. Similar letters of reference
also refer to similar parts.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim, the
improvements in brick-making machinery, together with any mere modi-

page_text: fications thereof, substantially as herein-before described and illustrated
in Sheets 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Scholefield, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of January,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-one.