IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CARTS, WAGGONS, AND SIMILAR VEHICLES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Waldic, of Leith, in the County of Mid Lothian,
North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF CARTS, WAGGONS, AND SIMILAR VEHICLES."
Sealed the 29th June 1877, and dated the 7th April 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Waldie at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th April 1877.
6
IM-
JAMES WALDIE, of Leith, in the County of Mid Lothian, North Britain.
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CARTS, WAGONS, AND SIMILAR VEHICLES.”
This Invention which relates to improvements in the construction of carts,
wagons, and similar vehicles, has for its object to effect the construction economically
of four wheeled freight vehicles, combining strength with lightness, and consists,-
Firstly. In binding the "slots," sides, and side standards together by means of
knees or angles of iron, thus imparting rigidity to the body and preventing warping,
more especially of the sides.
The above described mode of construction of the body is also applicable to two-
wheeled vehicles.
It, secondly, consists in the application to this class of vehicle of an under carriago
or bogic truck carrying the leading wheels, the axle of these latter being free to
radiate on the bogie pin which passes through the top frame of the under carriage
or truck, and is secured to the under frame of the body of the vehicle.
The under carriage or truck is constructed, preferably, of wood, and is fitted on
its upper cross bearer with a flat bar of iron or steel which is in contact with the
under face of an iron or steel ring fixed to the under side of the leading cross bearer
or headstock of the frame of the vehicle. By this means the friction surface for
the radiation of the bogie truck is reduced to a minimum.
Four-wheeled freight vehicles, constructed in accordance with this Invention,
admit of the employment of light horses, and reduce the working strain which
obtains with the two-wheeled vehicles hitherto commonly employed for the purpose.
The vehicle may be so constructed as to "tip" in the usual manner.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Waldie in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 5th October
1877.
"
JAMES WALDIE, of Leith, in the County of Mid Lothian, North Britain. IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CARTS, WAGGONS, AND SIMILAR VEHICLES."
My said Invention, which relates to improvements in the construction of carts,
waggons, and similar vehicles, has for its objects to effect economically the con-
struction of four-wheeled freight vehicles, combining strength with lightness, and
consists,―
Firstly. In binding the "slots," sides, and side standards together by means of i
knees or angles of iron, thus imparting rigidity to the body and preventing warping,
more especially of the sides.
The above-described mode of construction of the body is also applicable to two-
wheeled vehicles.
It consists, secondly, in the application to this class of vehicle of an under carriage 1
or bogie truck carrying the leading wheels, the axle of these latter being free to
swivel or turn on the bogie pin which passes through the top frame of the under
carriage or truck, and is secured to the under frame of the body of the vehicle.
The under carriage or truck is constructed, preferably, of wood, and is fitted on
its upper cross bearer with a flat bar of iron or steel which is in contact with the :
under face of an iron or steel ring fixed to the under side of the leading cross bearer
or headstock of the frame of the vehicle. By this means the friction surface for
the swivelling or turning of the bogie truck is reduced to a minimum.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood, I now proceed
more particularly to set forth the system, mode, or inanner in or under which tho 2
same is or may be used or practically carried into effect, reference being had to the
annexed Sheet of Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is
to say :-
Figure 1 is a side elevation of a waggon or cart constructed in accordance with
my Invention; Figure 2 is an end elevation thereof; and Figure 3 is a plan,
partly in section on the line a, a, Figure 1, to show the front part of the bogio
frame or truck.
The "slots" or cross bearers A, side standards B, and the planking C, forming
the sides of the cart or waggon, are bound together by means of the knees or angle
irons held by the bolts c, which pass through the side standards B and the side
planking C, and are secured by nuts on the outside of the said side standards. The
"slots" or cross bearers A are likewise secured to the knees or angle irons 6 by the
bolts & and d¹, the latter bolts being in addition made to extend to the under
side of the longitudinal bearers or "trams" D, as seen more particularly at Figures 1
and 2. Strength and rigidity are thus imparted to the frame of the vehicle and the
side planking C firmly secured to the side standards B without encroachment on
the interior dimensions or capacity of the cart or waggon.
To provide for the introduction to this class of vehicles of a bogie truck or under
carriage, which constitutes the second feature of my said Invention, the longitudinal
Bide bearers or "trams" D are extended forward to the necessary length, and carry
the cross beans E, E, and E', the latter, E', being in the centre or immediately over
the axle of the leading wheels. The bogic truck or under carriage is formed of three
corresponding cross beams F, F, and F', secured to and carried by the longitudinal
bearers or beams G; the said cross beams F, F, and F, being, when the bogie truck
occupies the position for direct forward motion, immediately below the cross beams
E, E, and E, as shown, and the bogie truck is connected to these latter by the
bogie or swivel pin H, on which it is free to swivel or turn in any direction.
To the upper faces of the transverse beams F, F, and F¹ are secured metal
plates ff, and f, which serve as rubbing plates or surfaces to bear and work
against the ring e, which is rigidly secured to the under sides of the transverse 5

page_text: beams E, E, and E¹ by the bolts h. The friction consequent on the swivelling or
turning of the bogie truck or under carriage is reduced by these means to a minimum,
whilst such swivelling or turning is freely effected. The springs L, carrying the
axle of the leading wheels are secured in the brackets i, attached to the under side
of the longitudinal beams G, which also carry the transverse beam M, to which are
bolted the brackets m, supporting the bar n, for the attachment of the shafts of the
vehicle. The vehicle being mounted on four wheels the working strain which
obtains with the two-wheeled vehicles, commonly in use for similar purposes, is
greatly reduced, and consequently economy is effected and lighter horses may be used.
The vehicle may, if desired, be fitted with a screw and lever or other appliance,
whereby it may be elevated from the front part so as to discharge the load from
behind.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said Invon-
tion, and the system, mode, or manner in or under which the saine is or may be
used or practically carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I
consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured
to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the arrangement and
construction of four-wheeled freight vehicles, herein-before described, that is to
say, supporting the leading axle in a bogic truck or under carriage for the purpose
of reducing the strain in working as compared with two-wheeled vehicles, and
socuring the framing and sides together by means of angle irons or knees, whereby
strength, rigidity, and lightness of the vehicle are obtained, substantially as hercin-
before described and shown on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Waldic, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Third day of October, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
seven.
JAMES WALDIE. (L.S.)