Improvements in Slide Measuring Instruments and Devices,
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Jan., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 20th Sept., 1893-Accepted, 22nd Oct., 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Slide Measuring Instruments and Devices,
I, HERMANN KIENAST, of 13/28, Schering-Strasse, Berlin, in the Empire of
Germany, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
The invention relates to measuring instruments and devices of that class
wherein an indicating or measuring slide is moved over a graduated part on a
beam or other guiding part to indicate by its position thereon the size, diameter
or other dimension of the article or object to be measured, as in calipers, vernier-
calipers, caliper-squares, gauges, measuring machines and other such like measur-
ing instruments and devices. In combination with the said indicating slide there
is generally provided, in measuring devices of this class, an adjusting slide
capable of being secured in any position of adjustment by means of a binding
clasp or screw and serving as a retaining stop or abutment for the said indicating
slide.
My invention consists in providing between the said indicating slide and its
adjusting slide or other retaining stop or abutment a conical or wedge-shaped part
adapted to be moved transversely to the direction of movement of the said slides
and to thus impart, by a comparatively large movement of its own, a compara-
tively small movement to the indicating slide relatively to the said adjusting
slide or other stop or abutment, the latter having been previously secured in any
position of adjustment.
The extent of this movement of the said indicating slide beyond any given
paint of adjustment on the graduated part may then be conveniently read off
from a separate graduation provided either on the said conical or wedge-shaped
part or on the adjoining portion of the adjusting slide or other relatively fixed
part, opposite a suitable mark or pointer on the respective other part. In some
cases the one or other part may also be provided with a nonius or vernier for
reading off.
In order to admit of compensating for wear, I may in some cases arrange on
one side of the said conical or wedge-shaped part an adjustable wearing plate,
provided with the said separate graduation or the mark or pointer or the nonius
or vernier, as the case may be.
I may also employ a suitable spring or springs for keeping the co-operating
bearing surfaces of the said conical part and of the two slides in engagement with
each other.
Instead of the said conical or wedge-shaped part being arranged for adjustment
by hand, a set screw or other suitable mechanical means of adjustment may be
combined therewith.
Datad this 15th dow of Tanname 1000

page_text: Improvements in Slide Measuring instruments and Devices.
I, HERMANN KIENAST, of 13/28, Schering-Strasse, Berlin, in the Empire of
Germany, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The invention relates to slide measuring instruments and devices, such as
calipers, caliper-squares, gauges, measuring-machines and other similar instru-
ments and devices of this class.
In the measuring instruments and devices as heretofore generally constructed
the adjustment of the measuring slide is effected either by moving the latter by
hand, or by means of a micrometer screw. In the former case the accuracy
obtainable is, naturally, limited, or it becomes necessary to resort to the use of a
magnifying glass. The adjustment by hand is inaccurate, and there is no possi-
bility of compensating for wear of the operating surfaces.
On the other hand, while it is true that in measuring devices provided with
micrometer screws an accurate adjustment is attainable, these measuring devices
present other objections. In the first place, micrometer screws are difficult to make
accurately moreover, they are rather subject to wear, and the latter is difficult to
compensate for. Another objection is this, that measuring devices of this kind are
rather too delicate to be entrusted to the use of any but skilled workmen, and
they require some practice on the part of the user.
The object of my present invention is to provide improved means for removing
these objections in measuring instruments and devices of the kind referred to.
My invention, therefore, consists in the novel arrangement and combination of
parts more fully hereinafter described and shown in the accompanying drawing.
According to this novel arrangement and combination the more minute adjust-
ment of the measuring slide is effected by means of a conical or wedge-shaped part
arranged between the adjusting slide and the measuring slide and adapted, when
moved relatively to the latter, to impart movement to the same. The extent of
movement of the said conical or wedge-shaped part-hereinafter to be called the
wedge "may be read off by means of a graduation, provided either on the said
wedge or on the adjusting slide, and by means of a mark or a nonius or vernier.
"
By this arrangement a very considerable degree of accuracy is attainable with
easy and simple handling, so that the measuring instrument or device may be
used even by unskilled workmen. Supposing, for instance, that the wedge have a
pitch of 1 in 30 millimeters and that the graduation of 30 millimeters length be
given 10 division lines, then a movement of the wedge to the extent of one divi-
sion line will correspond with a movement of the measuring slide of 10 milli-
meter. Now, since the distance between the division lines is 3 millimeters, the
intermediate space may easily be subdivided into 5 parts, so that by shifting the
wedge to the extent of one such subdivision, a correct measurement of milli-
meter may be obtained, and since movements to the extent of one half the distance
between two such subdivision lines may be read off with the naked eye, an accu-
racy of millimeter is obtained. The wedge is simply moved by hand, pre-
ferably with the thumb of the hand which holds the measuring instrument or
device, so that the other hand is not required at all as would be the case in adjust-
ments effected by means of a micrometer. Thus a perfect adjustment may be
rapidly made by means of my improvement.
Since the wedge may be given any desired pitch, any requisite degree of accuracy
may easily be attained.

page_text: In the accompanying drawing, WHICH Hrustrates tue Invento by way
example,
Figure 1 is an underside view, as seen from below in Figure 2, of a caliper pro-
vided with my improvement, a part of the graduated beam being broken away.
Figure 2 is a central longitudinal section.
Figure 3 is an elevation of a detail showing a modification, with parts broken
away.
Figure 4 is a section on the liner (Figure 1) to show how the wedge straddles
the graduated bar or beam.
In the caliper shown in Figures 1 and 2 a is the usual adjusting slide, adapted to
be moved along the graduated beam 6 and to be secured in any position of adjust-
ment thereon by means of the screw c. is the usual measuring slide, also
capable of being moved along the graduated beam b.
Between the said adjusting and measuring slides is arranged the wedge f. This
wedge straddles the graduated beam 6 and is capable of lateral or perpendicular
movement thereon. A spring g is provided for holding the respective sides of the
slides a and d in contact with the said wedge. The latter may be secured in
any position of adjustment by means of a screw passing through a threaded
opening in a bridge-piece o¹, the latter resting with its ends on the corresponding
ends of the spring g and being held in position by the screws which secure the
said spring to the slides a and d, respectively (Figure 2).
The adjusting slide has a mark or indication o, preferably provided on a separate
plate secured to the said adjusting slide by means of screws m passing through
longitudinal slots in the said plate. By shifting the latter the wear of the
measuring surfaces or of the wedge may be compensated for.
The wedge has a graduation i, and the latter in the example shown is so
arranged, that the measuring slide has a movement of 1 millimeter imparted
to it when the wedge f is moved, relatively to the said mark or indication o, from
one end of the graduation to the other. Thus, for example, the said wedge may
have a pitch of 1 in 30 millimeters, and the graduation may have a length of 30
millimeters.
The said graduation has 10 division lines corresponding with each milli-
meter movement of the wedge, and the intermediate space between these division
lines is again subdivided into 5 parts, so that values of 10 or 1/100 millimeters
may be read off with the naked eye.
50
In order to provide for the attainment of great accuracy with but few division
lines, I may also, as shown in Figure 3, arrange the plate k with a nonius or
vernier and make the graduation on the wedge f somewhat longer; and in such
cases where a special degree of accuracy is required, I may, in lieu of the adjust-
ment by hand, provide for a mechanical adjustment of the wedge f by means of
a screw. It is obvious that in place of a prismatical wedge I may also employ
any other conical body, also that the graduation i may be provided on the plate k
and the mark or indication o (or the nonius or vernier) on the wedge f.
The improvement above described is very simple and cheap, because the gradua-
tion on the wedge f or on the plate k may be made after the wedge is finished,
and may then be suited to the pitch of the wedge. In this way great accuracy
attainable. The amount of wear is very small and may be readily compensated for
by shifting the plate k.
A very important advantage of the improvement described consists in that a
caliper provided with this improvement may be accurately adjusted with the
hand which holds the caliper, by simply pressing on the wedge f.
When the caliper described is used in shops in which the measuring is usually
done from patterns or gauges, the caliper is first adjusted for the respective pat-
tern or gauge and the wedge f is then drawn back. In order to produce a piece
of work corresponding exactly with the said pattern or gauge, the said piece is
then worked down until, in measuring it with the caliper, the mark or indication o

page_text: will exactly coincide with the same division line of the graduation opposite which
it stood when the first adjustment was made.
The improvement above described may also be employed to advantage in gauges
for measuring inside diameters, also in measuring-machines and in other similar
measuring devices.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. In a slide measuring instrument or device the combination, with an adjusting
slide and a measuring slide both mounted to be moved along a graduated guiding
part, of a wedge arranged between the said slides and capable of being moved
transversely to the direction of movement of the said slides so as to move the one
slide relatively to the other, and means for reading off the extent of such relative
movement, substantially as and for the purpose described.
2. In a slide measuring instrument or device the combination, with an adjusting
slide and a measuring slide both mounted to be moved along a graduated guiding
part, of a wedge arranged between the said slides and capable of being moved
transversely to the direction of movement of the said slides so as to move the
one slide relatively to the other, a graduation and a mark opposite the same for
reading off the extent of such relative movement, substantially as and for the
purpose described.
3. In a slide measuring instrument or device the combination, with an adjust-
ing slide and a measuring slide both mounted to be moved along a graduated
guiding part, of a wedge arranged between the said slides and adapted to be
moved transversely to the direction of movement of the said slides so as to move
the one slide relatively to the other, a graduation with a nonius or vernier and a
mark opposite thereto for reading off the extent of such relative movement, sub-
stantially as and for the purpose described.
4. In a slide measuring instrument or device the combination, with an ad-
justing slide and a measuring slide both mounted to be moved along a graduated
guiding part, of a wedge arranged between the said slides and adapted to be moved
transversely to the direction of movement of the said slides so as to move the
one slide relatively to the other, means for reading off the extent of such relative
movement, and an adjustable wearing plate at one side of the said wedge, substan-
tially as and for the purpose described.
5. In a slide measuring instrument or device the combination, with an adjust-
ing slide and a measuring slide both mounted to be moved along a graduated guid-
ing part, of a wedge arranged between the said slides and adapted to be moved
transversely to the direction of movement of the said slides so as to move the one
slide relatively to the other, means for reading off the extent of such relative move-
ment, and a spring for keeping the said slides in contact with the said wedge.
substantially as and for the purpose described.
6. The arrangement and combination of parts as described and shown in the
accompanying drawing.
Dated the 20th 1
ea
1000
J. C. CHAPMAN,
Chartered Patent Agent,
70, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.