IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING THE PASSAGE OF Time.” IN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING THE PASSAGE OF TIME
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Meyer Drukker, of 47, London Wall, in the City of
London, Swiss Clock Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING THE PASSAGE OF Time.”
IN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING THE PASSAGE OF TIME."
Sealed the 23rd October 1857, and dated the 22nd May 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Meyer Drukker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
May 1857.
I, MEYER DRUKKER, of No. 47, London Wall, in the City of London,
Swiss Clock Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING THE PASSAGE OF TIME," to be
as follows, that is to say:-
My Invention relates to a method of indicating the hour of the night or
day by means of a scale, made of paper or other material, upon which certain
spaces are marked off corresponding to the distances which the weight that
gives motion to the clock descends in certain times; thus, if the actuating
weight of the clock is found to descend three inches in one hour, I divide this
space upon the scale into twelve equal portions, each portion in such case
representing five minutes; and these spaces may, if necessary, be again
divided into five, each of these subdivisions representing one minute. I form
the weight which actuates the machinery of the clock of a hollow vessel of
cylindrical or any other shape, and made of metal or other material, instead

page_text: of the solid mass of metal which is usual in such cases; this metallic or other
vessel is perforated on one side with an oblong aperture, in the centre of
which an index or pointer is fixed; into this metal vessel I then fit a glass
vessel or lamp, which can contain oil or any other material, the combustion of
which will produce light.
The action of the apparatus when required for use would be as follows:-
The scale previously described having been fixed upon the wall, or other
structure against which the clock is suspended, in such a position that the
actuating weight as it descends shall pass gradually before it, the glass lamp
within the vessel, which represents and acts as the weight of the clock, is
supplied with a portion of oil or other combustible matter, and furnished with
the necessary wick. The clock is then "wound up" until the aforesaid index
or pointer on the weight of the clock coincides with the hour marked upon the
scale, and also with the hour represented upon the face of the clock. The
lamp previously described having been lighted, the weight will gradually
descend when the clock is in motion, and the shadow of the index or pointer
upon the scale will indicate the hour.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Meyer Drukker in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
20th November 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MEYER
DRUKKER, of 47, London Wall, in the City of London, Swiss Clock Manu-
facturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Meyer Drukker, Her special licence that I, the said Meyer Drukker, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Meyer
Drukker, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
: vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
INDICATING THE PASSAGE OF TIME," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Meyer Drukker, my executors or administrators, by an instrument

page_text: in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should parti-
cularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
"
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Meyer Drukker, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say:-
My Invention relates to a method of indicating..the passage of time during
the night, or at any other time, by means of a shadow passing over a scale, made
of paper or other suitable material, upon which certain spaces are marked off
to represent hours and parts of hours, corresponding with the distances which
the weight that gives motion to a clock or time-keeper descends in certain
times; thus, if the actuating weight of the clock is found to descend three
inches in one hour, I divide this space upon the scale into twelve parts, each
part in such case representing five minutes, and these spaces may if necessary
be again divided into five, each of these subdivisions representing one minute.
I form a portion of the weight which actuates the machinery of the clock, or
attach thereto by any convenient means, a vessel, which I call a light-holder,
made of metal, earthenware, glass, or any other suitable material, and which
will contain oleaginous or other combustible material; and for this purpose I
prefer the use of an article known as the "Albert night light," manufactured
by Price's Patent Candle Company, at Belmont, near Vauxhall, London, but
any other kind of lamp or combustible material may be used in producing the
effect. The action of the apparatus when required for use is as follows:-The
scale previously described having been fixed upon the wall or other structure
against which the clock or time-keeper is suspended, or by any other con-
venient means, care being taken that the actuating weight of the time-keeper
or light-holder as it descends shall pass gradually, either before it if used with
reflected light, or behind it if used with transmitted light. The lamp in the
light-holder is lighted, and the clock wound up until the top of the shadow
cast by the light-holder upon the scale coincides with the hour shown upon
the face of the clock, the weight of the clock, carrying with it the light-
5 holder, will gradually descend when the clock is in motion, and the hour will
be correctly indicated by the position of the shadow upon the scale before
mentioned, and coincide with the time indicated by the hands upon the face of
the time-keeper.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said

page_text: Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I may observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict
myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to
describe, as variations may be made therefrom without deviating from
the principles or main features of my Invention; but what I consider
to be new, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is, the general arrangements of
the parts or apparatus, by means of which time is indicated by the passage
of a shadow over a scale divided and marked as before described, such shadow
being caused by a moving light connected with or being part of the weight
actuating the machinery of a clock or other time-keeper.
In witness whereof, I, the said Meyer Drukker, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twentieth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
MEYER DRUKKER. (L.S.)