CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC BOLTS
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Eric Hugo Waldenström, of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, and Isaac Gray Bass, of Workington, in the County
of Cumberland, Engineers, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
METALLIC BOLTS."
Sealed the 23rd July 1867, and dated the 28th January 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Eric Hugo Waldenström
and Isaac Gray Bass at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 28th January 1867.
We, ERIC HUGO WALDENSTRÖM, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
and ISAAC GRAY BASS, of Workington, in the County of Cumberland, Engineers,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC
BOLTS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to further improvements in Letters Patent granted to
one of us, the said Eric Hugo Waldenström, the Seventh day of July, A.D.
1865, No. 1796, entitled an Invention for "Certain Improvements in Machinery
or Apparatus to be Employed in the Manufacture of Metallic Bolts, Rivets,
and Spikes," and this our present improvements relates more particularly to
the manufacture of bolts or similar articles having a square or other shape
formed on the neck of the shank or pin under the bolt head. In the former
Invention before recited the heated pieces of metal of which the bolts are to be

page_text: composed are placed in holes or recesses formed in the under die secured to
a circular intermittent revolving table; the heated pieces of metal are brought
successively first under the action of a preliminary compresser or "bunting" tool,
then under the heading or finishing tool, after which the finished bolt is
expelled.
The first part of our present improvements relate more particularly to a
peculiar arrangement of incline table or bed placed between the revolving
table and the bed on which it rests, which actuates the rising and falling of
the "gingle block" and pin against which the piece of metal is forced when
under formation, the construction and action of which may be thus described:
-The lower portion or termination of the under dies formed in the revolving
table are each supplied with a "gingle block" and pin; these blocks are
caused to bear upon an adjustable inclined plane secured to the frame or bed
upon which the revolving table moves. The inclined plane is so constructed
that the aforesaid "gingle pins" as they are carried round with the table
gradually rise and fall in the lower socket or recess of the under die in the
manner and for the purpose herein-after described. The upper portion of the
lower die in which the neck of the bolt is moulded has a square or other
required form sunk in it. When the ejector has expelled the finished bolt
from the under die the gingle block is at the lowest point or bottom of the
inclined plane, at which time the heated pieces of metal are placed in such
dies, and are so caused to rest upon the "gingle" pin, but as the table revolves
towards the compresser the "gingle block" has ascended the incline and
forced the heated metal by the time it has arrived under the preliminary
compresser or "bunting" tool further out of the die than is necessary for the
formation of the head; or the heated piece of metal may be fed into the lower
die so as to protrude from the same as before described when the "gingle
block" has ascended the incline, in which case the incline has a quicker angle
in order that the "gingle block" (after the heated metal has been fed into
the lower die) will be allowed to move along an elevated plane surface until
its arrival under the compresser or "bunting tool;" at this time the action
of the compresser or "bunting tool" firmly beds the heated metal in the dio
upon the elevated "gingle pin" and thickens up that portion which is still
projecting above it, but as the table again revolves towards the heading tool
the gingle block and pin are allowed to drop and assume their lowest position,
thus leaving a space between the bottom end of the heated metal and the top
surface of the gingle pin; at this time being under the action of the final
heading tool a portion of the metal thickened up as before described is is
pressed down into the square or other shape previously made in the lower die,

page_text: and the portion not required to fill this recess or shape is by the continued action
of the heading tool formed into the square or other shaped head of bolt required,
which is afterwards ejected in the manner described in the before-recited
Letters Patent.
The chief feature of this portion of the Invention being the arrangement
and construction of mechanism described or other equivalent, whereby
the "gingle block and pin are caused to rise and fall during the revolution
of table and formation of bolt for the purpose herein-before described.
And, secondly, our Invention relates to the peculiar arrangement and
adaptation of a metallic or other suitable brush held by a bracket secured to
the framing of the machine in such a position that the projecting heated pieces
of metal in the lower die when passing through the space between the pre-
liminary compresser or "bunting" tool and the "heading" tool will be brushed
so as to become cleansed from the scale or other foreign matter, at which time
the projecting heated piece of metal are successively prepared to undergo the
operation of being finished by the heading tool.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Eric Hugo Waldenström and Isaac Gray Bass in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 27th July 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ERIC
HUGO WALDENSTRÖM, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, and ISAAC
GRAY BASS, of Workington, in the County of Cumberland, Engineers, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
Eric Hugo Waldenström and Isaac Gray Bass, Her special license that we,
the said Eric Hugo Waldenström and Isaac Gray Bass, our executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Eric Hugo Waldenström
and Isaac Gray Bass, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and. no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for." CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC

page_text: BOLTS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Eric Hugo
Waldenström and Isaac Gray Bass, our executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Eric Hugo Waldenström and Isaac
Grey Bass, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement and accompanying Drawings, that is to
say:―
Our Invention relates to further improvements in Letters Patent granted
to one of us, the said Eric Hugo Waldenström, the Seventh day of July, One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, Number 1796, entitled an Invention for
"Certain Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus to be employed in the
Manufacture of Metallic Bolts, Rivets, and Spikes," and this our present
improvement relates more particularly to the manufacture of bolts or similar
articles having a square or other shape formed on the neck of the shank or
pin under the bolt head. In the former Invention before recited the heated
pieces of metal of which the bolts are to be composed are placed in holes or
recesses formed in the under die secured to a circular intermittent revolving
table, the heated pieces of metal are brought successively first under the
action of a preliminary compressor or "bunting" tool, then under the heading
or finishing tools, after which the finished bolt is expelled.
The first part of our present improvements relate more particularly to a
peculiar arrangement of incline table or bed placed between the revolving
table and the bed on which it rests, which causes the rising and falling of the
jingle block and pin, against which the heated piece of metal is forced when
under formation, the construction and action of which may be thus described:-
The lower portion or termination of the under dies formed in the revolving
table are each supplied with a "jingle" block and pin; these blocks are
caused to bear upon an adjustable inclined plane secured to the frame or
bed
upon which the revolving table moves. The inclined plane is so constructed
that the aforesaid "jingle" blocks and pins as they are carried round with
the table gradually rise and fall in the lower socket or recess of the under
die in the manner and for the purpose berein-after described. The upper
portion of the lower die in which the neck of the bolt is moulded has a square
or other required form sunk in it, so that when the jingle block is at the

page_text: .
lowest point or bottom of the inclined plane the heated pieces of metal are
placed in the lower dies, and are so caused to rest upon the "jingle" pin,
but as the tables revolves towards the compresser the jingle block has
ascended the incline and forced the heated metal by the time it has arrived
under the preliminary compressor or bunting tool further out of the die than
is necessary for the formation of the head; or the heated piece of metal may be
fed into the lower die so as to protrude from the same as before described when
the jingle block has ascended the incline, in which case the incline has a
quicker angle in order that the jingle block (after the heated metal has been
fed into the lower die) will be allowed to move along a horizontal plane
surface until its arrival under the compresser or bunting "tool;" at this time
the action of the compresser or "bunting" tool firmly beds the heated metal
in the die upon the elevated jingle pin and thickens up that portion which is
still projecting above it, but as the table again revolves towards the heading
tool the jingle block and pin are allowed to drop and assume their lowest
position, thus leaving a space between the bottom end of the heated metal
and the top surface of the jingle pin; at this time being under the action of
the final heading tool a portion of the metal thickened up as before described
is pressed down into the square or other shape previously made in the lower
die, and the portion not required to fill this recess or shape is by the continual
action of the heading tool formed into the square or other shaped head of
bolt required, which is afterwards ejected in the manner described in the
before recited Letters Patent.
The chief feature of this portion of the Invention being the arrangement
and construction of mechanism described, or other equivalent, whereby the
"jingle "block and pin are caused to rise and fall during the revolution of
table and formation of bolt for the purpose herein-before described.
In order that the Invention may be better understood and explained in
detail we have hereunto attached three Sheets of Drawings made upon a
scale of about three inches to the foot, similar letters of reference being
marked upon corresponding parts of all the Figures.
In Sheet 1, Figure 1 represents a vertical section of the machine employed
to manufacture metallic bolts, this sectional view shews more particularly the
internal construction and arrangement of the "heading tool," also the
peculiar construction of the revolving table supporting the under dies and
the method by which the "gingle blocks" are supported and caused to rise
and fall as the table revolves by means of the adjustable inclined bed or table
secured to the base plate of the machine which is employed for the purpose of
forcing out from the under die when under the "bunting tool," as shewn in the

page_text: Drawings, a greater quantity of metal than is necessary for the formation of
the bolt head, the surplus metal being allowed by the dropping of the
"jingle pin" during the revolution of the table and die from the bunting to
the heading tool to be forced by the heading tool proper into the space
left in the top of the lower die, thereby effecting the required and proper
length and formation of bolt; this view also illustrates the mechanical action
by which the finished bolts are expelled from the lower dies; Figure 2
represents a detached sectional view of another modification and arrangement
of the upper die in which a crushing piece is introduced for preventing any undue
strain upon the working parts drawn to one and a half inch equal to one foot.
Sheet 2, Figure 1 represents a general front elevation of the machine in
which the preliminary compressor or bunting tool is shewn in section for the
purpose of exposing the arrangement of plunger and helical spring contained
in such compressor which is employed for the purpose of preventing the upper
die when receding or leaving the partially finished bolt adhering to or drawing
the said partially compressed bolt out of the lower die; and Sheet 3, Figure 1
represents a transverse sectional view taken through the line A, B, Figure 1,
Sheet 1.
In the Figures contained in the Sheets 1, 2, and 3, a is a table or disc
which receives an intermittent rotary motion from the shaft b, through the
medium of the crank c and the connecting and radial rods d and e, the
forward action of which as the crank c revolves brings the catch f on the
radial rod or lever e into contact with a projection or tooth g formed upon
the periphery of the table a; these projections or teeth correspond in number
with the dies on such table, thereby giving the table the required and necessary
portion of a turn that shall with each forward stroke bring the dies successively
under the action of the "heading tool," at which time the table remains
stationary and the radial arm and catch receive their backward stroke
preparatory for another action upon the table. This table is supported and
revolves upon a base plate or foundation h from which projects an upright
frame supporting the tool forming the head and the slides herein-after
described. The rotary table or disc a is supplied with a number of projections k
which are recessed and constitute the under dies in which the pieces or
short bars of metal are inserted previous to their formation into bolts. These
under discs containing the shorter bars of metal) which are supported on the
jingle pin and sliding blocks A as the table rotates are successively brought
under the action of the compressing tools as follows:-The jingle pins and
blocks are supported and slide (as the table revolves) upon the inclined bed
or plate B placed between the moveable table and the foundation upon which

page_text: it revolves, the said inclines being adjusted so as gradually to force a sufficient
quantity of the heated blank from the under die by the time the table has
arrived under the "bunting tool" that will suffice for the neck and head of
the bolt, the formation of which being as follows:-At the first stoppage of
the revolving table a the heated bar of metal contained in the under die k
having the required length of blank protruding therefrom is acted upon by
the vertical plunger m supplied with a concaved preliminary compresser
actuated by the concentric n and lever m¹ or other equivalent, the action of
which compresses the bar of heated metal and also firmly beds it in the hole
of the under die 7, immediately this is done the preparatory compressor is
raised so as to clear the top of the hot bar, at which time the table receives
another portion of a turn by the forward action of the radial arm and catch,
which brings the bar already acted upon under the action of the finishing or
"heading tool," at this time the jingle pin and block hitherto supporting the
blank is caused as the table is brought under the heading tool to drop from
the inclined supporting bed or plate, thereby leaving a space between the lower
end of the shank of the bolt at the top of the jingle pin; the heading tool here-
after described is now brought into action, the arrangement and construction
of which consists of two slides one inside the other, the outer slide o is
supplied with the upper die p, the under surface of which is recessed so as to
correspond with and firmly clip the bevilled edges of the under die k, the
inner surface of the perforation of the upper die p partakes or corresponds
(if bolts are being manufactured with the sides of the bolt head required to
be given to the bar of metal. In this perforation of the upper die pa ram
or heading tool is caused to slide, and is actuated by the inner or second
slide s to which it is coupled. The outer slide containing the upper die p is
actuated by the cams t, t, and the inner slides retaining the ram r by the
eccentric secured on the driving shaft v and comes into operation immediately
the under die containing the partially compressed bar of metal is placed under
them in the following manner :-The outer slide o is caused to descend into
close contact and to firmly hold the bevilled portion of the lower die k; at
this time the projecting end of the bar of metal is embraced and contained in
the perforation of the upper die; the inner slides carrying the ram r now
descends, forcing it as it slides down the perforation of the upper die into
contact with the bar of metal previously thickened up as before described.
The beated metal by this process becomes compressed into the square or
other shape previously made in the lower die, forcing the shank of the bolt
down until it beds on the top of the jingle pin and the portion not required
to fill this shape or recess forming the neck of the bolt, is by the continued

page_text: action caused to fill the cavity or space left in the upper die between the
ram and the upper surface of the die k. If there should be any
impediment or surplus metal preventing the complete throw of the ram r
this deficiency is compensated for by means of the elastic bearing 9 (seen
in Figure 1, Sheet 1,) in connection with the inner slide s, or in lieu
thereof a crushing piece may be substituted, as seen in Figure 2, Sheet 1,
herein-after described; the bolt head now being complete the outer slide o
recedes until it has slightly passed the end of the ram, at which time the inner
slide s is withdrawn and both slides o and s return together and assume their
former position; the table a now receives another portion of a turn, becoming
again stationary, at which time the jingle block and pin belonging to the
under die containing the finished bolt arrives over the pusher w actuated by
the eccentric a' through the medium of the connecting rod b', and whichi
forces such bolt from the die, thus leaving the under die ready to receive a
fresh heated bar of metal. It will readily be understood that during the
stoppages caused by the intermittent action of the table or disc the before-
mentioned three operations namely first, by the preliminary compresser,
secondly, the action of the finishing "heading tool," and lastly, the action of the
pusher or expeller, are simultaneous processes. Figure 2, Sheet 1, represents
in vertical section an arrangement of heading tool which is more particularly
adapted to the manufacturing of smaller size of bolt blanks than the one shewn
on the same Sheet, and in which a³ is the outer or back slide actuated by the
lever a³, which receives its motion from a cam secured on a shaft making the
same number of revolutions as the eccentric; this slide a is provided with the
outer projecting piece a', containing the upper die, and which when lowered
rests upon and embraces the top portion of the under die k, after which the
ram a secured to the inner slide a is caused to descend and complete the
heading and finishing of the bolt blank, as before described. The upper
portion of the ram a³ is provided with a crushing piece a', which yields or
breaks if any undue strain is brought to bear upon the working parts, and
which is substituted for the elastic cushion, shewn in the larger machines
(Figure 1 on the same Sheet). The machine for manufacturing smaller bolts
is provided with a cutter for cutting off the requisite length of blank to be
fed in the lower dies prior to their compression into bolt blanks.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, together with the
method of carrying the same into practical effect, we wish it to be distinctly
understood that we claim,-
First, the novel construction, employment, and adaptation to the revolving
circular table containing the lower dies of an adjustable inclined supporting

page_text: table or bed upon which the jingle blocks and pins are caused to slide as the
tables revolves in the manner and for the purpose described, or other
mechanical equivalent whereby the heated pieces of metal when placed in the
lower dies will successively be raised from such dies so as to cause a quantity
of heated metal to protrude therefrom that will when preliminarily compressed
by the bunting tool be sufficient for the subsequent formation of the neck
and head of the bolt or other similar article.
Secondly, we claim the novel and peculiar arrangement and construction
of mechanism described, or any equivalent modification thereof, whereby the
jingle block and pin are caused to recede or lower from the shank of the
preliminary compressed bolt in order that a space may be left between the
two prior to the action of the heading tool, which space is fill up by the
heading ram forcing the surplus metal not required for the formation of the
head into the particular mould given to the top part of the bore of the under
die, thus elongating the shank until it beds on the top of the jingle pin
thereby effecting a perfect finish to the bolt as herein-before described.
And, lastly, we claim the general arrangement and construction of the
machine for manufacturing bolt blanks or similar articles, as described,
together with the particular formation and construction of bunting tool, as
shewn in Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 1, of the Drawings, in conjunction with the
other peculiarities and arrangement of mechanism for manufacturing various
classes and sizes of bolts; as herein-before described, set forth, and fully
illustrated in the Drawings attached.
In witness whereof, we, the said Eric Hugo Waldenström and Isaac
Gray Bass, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-second
day of July, A.D. One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
ERIC HUGO WALDENSTROM. (L.S.)
ISAAC GRAY BASS.
(L.S.)