IMPROVEMENTS IN INJECTORS
Year: 1885

page_text: I, ARNOLD BUDENBERG, Mechanical Engineer, of 1 Southgate, Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of said invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN INJECTORS, a communication to me from abroad by the firm of
Schäffer and Budenberg, Engineers, of Buckau-Magdeburg, in the German Empire,
to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object to construct an injector which is easily manipu-
lated, capable of drawing water from a great depth and adapted to discharge the
feed water with certainty into the boiler, without reducing the efficiency of the
injector under normal working conditions.
For this purpose the injector has two concentric stean nozzles, the inner one
serving as suction-nozzle, while the outer one or steam-nozzle proper forms around
the inner nozzle an annular passage for the main portion of the steam. The inlet
of each nozzle is closed by a separate valve situated in the steam-chamber of the
injector.
The inner valve is made in one piece with the valve rod and has its seat in the
centre of the axially perforated outer valve. By a mechanisin, operated from
outside, this valve may be made to control the admission of steam to the suction-
nozzle. The valve-spindle extends axially through the steam-chamber, and is passed
at its upper extremity (where the steam enters the steam-chamber) through a
guide secured to the injector-casing, which guide is preferably formed on the screw-
joint connecting the steam-pipe with the injector. A further guide for this valve- .
spindle is formed in the upward extension of the main-valve. This hollow upward
extension also serves to guide the main-valve, which is, moreover, provided on its
underside with guide-ribs adapted to slide up and down in a cylindrical part of the
steam-nozzle. The upward extension of the main-valve has two diametrically
opposite noses or lugs guided in a pair of slides projecting from the walls of the
injector casing.
The suction-nozzle is made in one piece with the main-valve and extends through
the guide-ribs of the same downward beyond the mouth of the main-nozzle.
.

page_text: Radially from the valve spindle of the inner valve extend two pins or lugs,
placed diametrically opposite each other. One of the said pins is guided parallel
with the axis of the spindle in a groove formed on the wall of the steam-chamber,
while the other projects into the curved slot of a quadrant mounted on or formed
in one piece with a shaft passing through the wall of the steam-chamber perpen-
dicularly to the axis of the spindle, a steam-tight joint being obtained by making
the inner part of the shaft conical. The part of the shaft which projects through
the stuffing box is provided with a hand lever, serving to operate the two valves
by means of the eccentrically slotted quadrant and the pin.
For lifting the valve, the outer curve of the slot presses on the underside of the
pin, and for closing the inner valve, the inner curve of the slot presses on the pin.
The band-lever may be extended beyond its fulchrum and there provided with a
graduated arc, while a pointer is attached to the injector-casing and shows on the
arc the position of the spindle.
During the first part of the motion of the hand-lever (through an angle of 30°)
the small valve is completely opened, after which the suction of the feed-water
begins. In this position of the small valve, the radial pin of its stem abuts
against a contact-face on the extension of the main-valve, so that by the further
turning of the lever, the main-valve is also lifted from its seat and takes part in
the motion of the small valve, until, after the angular motion of the lever (90°) is
completed, the main-valve has been fully lifted. During the motion of the main-
valve, the discharge end of the inner nozzle has receded into the main nozzle, so
that the full steam area of the latter is now free and the injector is in its normal
working condition.
The suction-nozzle and valve may be converted into a solid spindle, and the
motion of the hand-lever may be transmitted to the said spindle by means of a
straight slot and a pin, the latter being formed eccentrically on the inner face of
the lever axle (like a crank-pin on a crank-disc) and projecting into a slot
(perpendicular to the axis of the spindle) formed in a lateral extension or attach-
nient of the spindle.
The steam-chamber has, preferably, a flat cylindrical shape, so as to give room
for the motion of the quadrant situated in the same. The hand lever may be
joined by a connecting rod or link to another lever mounted on a short axle which
operates an air valve by means of a cam, or short arm, so that the lifting or closing
of the air-valve takes place simultaneously with that of the two nozzle-valves.
The said air-valve is situated near the thin end of the mixing-cone (that which
receives at its wide end the steam from the nozzle, mixed with the feed water) and
moves perpendicularly to the axis of the injector, the valve seat being formed on
the outside of the spherically enlarged casing, which surrounds and holds the
mixing cone as well as the receiving cone (which is placed with its thin end in
front of the thin or discharge end of the mixing cone, and receives the discharge
from the latter, while the wide end of the receiving cone is provided with a valve
adapted to prevent the return of water from the boiler. The nixing-cone is,
preferably, provided with a binged flap, like the well known "exhaust-injector," or
with two flaps placed diametrically opposite each other, and adapted to open sinul-
taneously, so as to preserve the axial direction of the fluid current, the outward
motion of the flaps being limited by a pair of projecting stops. Instead of
allowing the flap, or flaps, to extend down to the thin discharge end of the mixing
cone, they may be made, shorter and placed in the middle of its length, so as to
Or the flaps may be
preserve the circular discharge opening of the mixing cone.
entirely omitted, and replaced by a few openings in the side of the mixing cone.
The air-valve is provided on the inner side with a valve-spindle adapted to slide
in a bush secured to the mouth-piece of the valve-chamber. The oscillating cain
or arm mentioned above projects into a slot of the valve-stem, and produces the
motion of the valve. Instead of connecting the air-valve with the hand-lever, it
may be made independent of the same, and pressed on its seat by a spiral spring.
The air-valve, or the seat, may have a small perforation, in order to increase the
i

page_text: pressure in the spherically enlarged chamber, surrounding the thin ends of the
mixing and receiving cone and thus preventing the unintended opening of the flaps.
The connection between the nozzle-valves and the air-valve is calculated to give
the following effect: As soon as the small nozzle-valve has been fully lifted and the
suction of water begins, the air-valve is sufficiently removed from its seat to allow
the water to escape into the atinosphere. If now the hand-lever is turned further,
and the large steam-valve begins to open, the lift of the air-valve increases until,
after a further turn of the handle of about 30°, both valves (steam valve and air-
valve) have reached the maximum lift, and the whole quantity of water pressed
into the mixing cone is allowed to escape sideways through the air-valve.
If now the motion of the hand-lever is increased by 30° (so as to obtain a total
motion of 90°) the large steam-valve continues to open, but the air-valve is again
pressed upon its seat, so that the water now passing through the mixing cone can
no longer escape sideways, but is pressed into the receiving cone, and, therefore,
into the boiler. In order to set the injector out of action, it is sufficient to turn
the hand-lever 90° backwards. During this return-motion, the steam-valves close
slightly before the complete closure of the air-valve, thereby keeping the water in
the suction pipe at a certain height.

page_text: Improvements in Injectors.
I, ARNOLD BUDENBERG, of Southgate, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, a con:-
munication to me from abroad by the firm of Schäffer and Budenberg, Engineers,
of Buckau-Magdeburg, in the German Empire, and in what manner the same 'is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:―
This invention has for its object to construct an injector, which is easily
manipulated and capable of drawing water from a greath depth without reducing
the efficiency of the injector under normal working conditions, also to render its
operations practically continuous by automatically restarting in case of an
accidental interruption.
For this purpose the injector may have two concentric steam nozzles, as
illustrated by Fig. 1 Sheet I of the accompanying drawings, the inner nozzle
serving as a suction nozzle, while the outer or steam nozzle proper forms around
the inner nozzle an annular passage for the main portion of the steam. The inlet
of each nozzle is closed by a separate valve, the inner valve v being made in one
piece with the valve rod and having its seat in the centre of the axially perforated
outer valve V. By a mechanism operated from outside, this valve v may be made
to control the admission of steam to the suction nozzle. The valve spindle extends
axially through the steam chamber and passes at its upper extremity (where the
steam enters the steam chamber) through a guide F, secured to the injector casing,
which guide is preferably formed on the screw-joint connecting the steam pipe with
the injector. A further guide for this valve spindle is formed in the specially
constructed upward extension of the main valve V. This hollow upward extension
also serves to guide the main valve, which is moreover provided at its under side
with guide ribs, adapted to slide up and down in a cylindrical part E of the steam
nozzle. The upward extension of the main valve has two diametrically opposite
noses or lugs, guided in a pair of slides projecting from the walls of the injector
casing, as shown by the horizontal section Fig. 2.
The suction nozzle is made in one piece with the main valve V and extends
through the guide ribs of the same downward beyond the mouth of the main
nozzle.
Radially from the valve spindle of the inner valve v extend two studs or lugs T
placed diametrically opposite each other. One of the said studs is guided parallel
with the axis of the spindle in a groove formed on the wall of the steam chamber,
while the other projects into the excentrically curved slot of a quadrant S mounted
on (or formed in one piece with) a shaft passing through the wall of the steam
chamber perpendicularly to the axis of the spindle, a steam tight joint being
obtained by making the inner part of the shaft conical. That part of the shaft
which projects through the stuffing box, is provided with a hand lever H serving to
operate the two valves by means of the excentrically slotted quadrant S and the
stud T.

page_text: To allow the necessary up and down motion of the inner valve and studs T
relatively to the outer valve, the valve rod of the latter has a vertical slot shown
in horizontal section by Fig. 2.
For lifting the valve v, the outer curve of the slot in the quadrant S presses on
the under side of the stud T, and for closing the inner valve, the inner curve of the
said slot presses on the top of the stud T.
The total lift produced by the outer curve, while passing through an angle
of 90° is preferably about of an inch.
During the first part of the motion of the hand lever H (through an angle
of 30°) the small valve v is completely opened, after which the suction of the feed
water begins. In this position of the small valve the lug T (on the boss or sleeve,
from which it projects) abuts against a contact face in the upward extension of the
main valve, so that by the further turning of the lever H the main valve is also
lifted from its seat and takes part in the notion of the small valve until after the
augular motion of the lever (90°) is completed the main valve has been fully lifted.
During the motion of the main valve the discharge end of the inner nozzle has
receded into the main nozzle, so that the full steam area of the latter is now free
and the injector is in its normal working condition.
Fig. 3 is an axial section of the injector at a right angle to the section Fig. 1,
and Fig. 4 is a front elevation showing the position of the hand lever H.
The steam chamber A has preferably a flat cylindrical shape so as to give room
for the motion of the quadrant situated in the same.
The hand lever H may be joined by a link Z to another .lever N mounted on a
short axle D, which operates an air valve L by means of a cam or short arm, so
that the lifting or closing of the air valve takes place simultaneously with that of
the two nozzle valves. This oscillating cam or arm projects into a slot of the
valve stem.
The said air valve is situated near the thin end of the mixing cone M and moves
perpendicularly to the axis of the injector, the valve seat being formed on the
outside of the casing which surrounds and holds the mixing cone as well as the
receiving cone R, while the wide end of the receiving cone R is provided with a
valve, adapted to prevent the return of water from the boiler.
The air valve is provided on the inner side with guide ribs and on the outer side
with a valve spindle G, adapted to slide in a bush secured to the mouth-piece of
the valve chamber.
The connection between the nozzle valves and the air valve is calculated to give
the following effect: As soon as the small nozzle valve v has been fully lifted, and
the suction of water begins, the air valve L is sufficiently removed from its seat to
allow the water to escape into the atmosphere. If now the hand lever H is slowly
turned further and the large steam valve V begins to open, the lift of the air valve
increases until after a further turn of the handle of about 30°, both valves, (steam
valve and air valve) have reached the maximum lift, and the whole quantity of.
water pressed into the mixing cone is allowed to escape sideways through the air
valve. If now the motion of the hand lever is increased by 30° (so as to obtain a
total motion of 90°), the large steam valve V continues to open, but the air valve L
is again pressed upon its seat and closes hermetically, so that the water now
passing through the mixing cone can no longer escape sideways, but is pressed into
the receiving cone, and therefore, into the boiler. The feeding of the boiler now
commences. In order to set the injector out of action, it is sufficient to turn the
hand lever 90° backwards. The valve vis first pressed upon the valve V and
presses the latter likewise upon its seat. Consequently, the supply of steam is cut
off and the injector ceases to operate. During the return motion of the lever H,
the valves V and L are simultaneously open for a certain time, (the same as was
the case in starting the injector). Consequently at a certain moment the water
flowing into the injector is allowed to escape, but shortly afterwards the valve L
closes tightly, whereby. it becomes possible to retain the column of water in the
suction pipe at a certain.height.
2.

page_text: Figs. 5 to 13, sheet I illustrate some modifications, Fig. 5. being a vertical section,
Fig. 6 partly vertical section and partly side elevation, and Fig. 7 a front elevation
of a modified injector, while Figs. 8 to 13 represent details and variations. In this
injector the suction nozzle with valve is converted into a solid spindle X with
valve surface V (without axial perforation and suction valve) Near the outlet of
the mixing cone the injector casing is spherically enlarged, and this enlarged space
closed.by an air valve L, under the influence of a helical spring. In this simplified
construction the connection of the valve L with the hand lever H is replaced by
the spring pressing on the back of the valve. If the nozzle or mixing cone U is
replaced by a nozzle U¹ or U₁ with lateral outlet as represented by Figs. 9 and 10, 1
the injector has the quality of restarting after an accidental suspension of its
action, without requiring a new adjustment or regulation of the cone X.
In Fig. 9 the mixing cone has a lateral opening closed by a short flap W which
opens and allows water to escape, when the inside pressure reaches a certain limit.
This cone has also a corc or lining A, the function of which will be described
.later.
In Fig. 10 the mixing cone. has several lateral perforations arranged in a circle
and normally closed by a movable cone O. The latter rests with a shoulder
on a helical spring and is pressed downward, so as to uncover the lateral per-
forations and allow water to escape from the mixing cone, when the inside
pressure exceeds a given limit, depending on the strength of the helical spring.
Or the mixing cone may be provided with a pair of hinged flaps d³ do, as shown
by Figs. 11, 12, and 13, Fig. 11 being an axial section of the cone, Fig. 12 a side
elevation and Fig. 13 a horizontal section of the same. As in Fig. 11, the cone
has a concentric core or lining A, which prevents the deformation of the jet; the
outward motion of the flaps will simply have the effect of bringing into action a
nozzle A of larger diameter than that formed by the closed flap or flaps. The
symmetrical arrangement of Fig. 11. will also prevent the deflection of the jet to
one side, which occurs in injectors having only one flap. The play of the flaps is
limited outside by a pair of diametrically opposite lugs coming in contact with
corresponding .projections at the inner wall of the injector casing. The core or
lining A is also useful in injectors with one-sided flap, as illustrated by Figs. 11ª,
12 and 13ª. As there is only one steam valve, the motion of the hand lever
..may be transmitted to the spindle of the said valve by means of a pin T fixed
eccentrically to the face of the cone Y on the lever axle (like a crank-pin), and a
slotted plate fixed to the cross head or guide block of the valve spindle, the crank
pin T¹ fitting into the slot S¹ of the said block, as illustrated by Fig. 5. Fig. 8 is
a horizontal section of the injector casing through the screw joint, which connects
the stuffing box and bearing of the lever axle with the said casing.
This figure shows the vertical slots for guiding the cross head of the valve
spindle.
As shown by Figs. 6 and 7, the hand lever H may extend radially beyond its
fulcrum and thère carry a graduated, arc, while a pointer attached to the injector
casing indicates on the movable are the position of the spindle.
The modification represented by sheets II and III of the drawings relate
essentially to a movable steam nozzle a (sheet II) and to a double overflow,
separated by the partition b b (sheet III).
The movable steam nozzle a, guided by ribs g g is rendered axially adjustable by
means of a lever h, a slotted plate or sleeve c secured to the nozzle a and a crank
pin d turned by the axle of the lever . This nozzle simultaneously regulates the
opening of the steam valve i and the water inlet m. The steain valve i carries
between its guide ribs a conical core k, whereby the free steam passage is at first
allowed to increase in proportion to the lift of the valve, but afterwards gradually
.diminished. As the steam valve.i is lifted by its contact with the slide block n of
the steam nozzle, which latter regulates by its axial motion the annular water
inlet at m, it is evident, that a certain quantity of water supply corresponds to
each position of the steam valve. The arrangement of the steam nozzle a relatively

page_text: ?
to the water nozzle o, and the proportions of the cono k of the steam valve are so
chosen, that at first the lifting of the steam valve i causes an energetic sucking
action and that by further lifting the valve up to the size of the water passage
corresponding to the width of the steam nozzle, the injector gets into regular
working condition. The cone k serves the further purpose of allowing the steam
to be regulated to the required quantity by suitable adjustment of the lever h, in"
case the steam pressure is so high, that the full cross section of the valve would
allow too much steam to pass. The proportions being arranged in that manner,"
there exists for every steam pressure and every height of suction a position of the
lever h, at which the ratio between the quantities of steam and water is suitable
for work.
The movable steam-nozzle a is screwed into the slide block n, guided between
the ribs gg and is raised or lowered by this block in the stuffing box p. For
admitting steam into the nozzle, a number of openings are provided at
9.
The injector, shown in sheet II, containing besides the abovementioned steam
valve- and steam-nozzle-arrangement a water-nozzle o with double jet-action, namely
at x and at x1, and a freely movable overflow-valve y of large cross-section, has the
peculiarity of being adjustable for any steam pressure by means of the lever / in
such a manner, that it automatically begins to suck again, when, owing to the
temporary entrance of air into the suction pipe or from shocks (on locomotives) its
action has been stopped (penetration of the steam from the overflow).
To adapt the injector described above for receiving and supplying hot water, the
two passages x and x¹ (sheet III) are locally separated by the partition b b, men-
tioned above, and tho two passages are separated from the atmospheric air by
separate overflow valves R and R. The separation of the two passages x and x¹
not only enables the injector to receive hotter water, but with the application of
this arrangement the water supply need not be regulated between limits of
pressure sufficient for practical requirements. For this reason the movable steam
nozzle a, sheet 1II, replaced by a stationary steam nozzle a¹, which may be
closed by the solid steam valve r, provided with a sucking cone. The lever h,
slotted cross head or plate d and their connections, indicated by sheet II are also
employed in the arrangement, shown by sheet III.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that, what
I claim is
1.) In injectors with fixed steam nozzle E, the combination of a suction nozzle V
having a valve surface adapted to close the nozzle E, with a valve v adapted to
close the suction nozzle, and an excentrically slotted quadrant S or equivalent
device adapted to open, first the nozzle v and then the nozzle V by the turning
of the quadrant.
2.) The combination of steam nozzle E, with suction nozzle and valve V, suction
valve v, excentrically slotted quadrant S or equivalent device axle and lever, the
whole arranged and adapted to operate, substantially as described and illustrated
by sheet I Figs. 1 to 4.
3.) An injector comprising in its construction a steam nozzle E, suction nozzle
with valve V, suction valve v, quadrant S with mechanism for turning the same,
and an air valve L, adapted to be controlled by the mechanism, which turns the
quadrant, the whole arranged to operate substantially as described and illustrated
by sheet I, Figs. 1. to 4.
4.) The modified construction of nozzles, valves and mechanism for operating
the same, substantially as described and illustrated by Figs. 5 to 8 of sheet I.
5.) The construction of mixing cones and accessories, substantially as described
and illustrated by Figs. 9 and 10.
6.) A single or double flap nozzle with concentric core or lining A, substantially
as described and illustrated by Figs. 11, 12 & 13, 11, 12 and 13° of sheet I.

page_text: 7.) An injector having a steam-valve i, and an axially movable steam nozzle a,
connected with the same so as to obtain a simultaneous regulation of steam and
water supply, substantially as described and illustrated by sheet II.
8.) An injector having a steam valve, provided with a cone k, and adapted to
be lifted from below against the pressure of the steam, substantially as described
and illustrated by sheet II
9.). The combination of a movable steam nozzle a, guided in a stuffing box, with
a slide block n and slotted plate c; and crank pin d with disc axle and lever h, the
whole substantially as described and illustrated by sheet II,
10.) An injector having a mixing cone o with two jet actions x and x¹ situated
in separate compartments, and a pair of overflow valves R and R', substantially as
described and illustrated by sheet III.