A Method or Process of Annealing Metals.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 7th July, 1896
ELL
4.007
22nd Mov
10017
Date of Application, 7th July, 1896
Complete Specification Left, 5th Apr., 1907 Accepted, 22nd May, 1007
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by RUSSELL & ERWIN MANUFACTURING COMPANY,
of New Britain, Connecticut, United States of America.]
A Method or Process of Annealing Metals.
I, LEONARD DoIG, of Russell & Erwin Manufacturing Company, of Brook's
Wharf, Upper Thames Street, in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to a method or process of annealing metals in a simple and
efficient manner while surrounded by a ron-oxidizing gas.
For the purpose of practising my process I employ a portable annealing pot or
vessel which may be kept gas tight by means of a cover secured thereto and
properly luted or sealed. Within said vessel 1 enclose the metal to be annealed
and preferably a quantity of carbonaceous, or other gas producing material, as for
example, oil or saw dust. The metal upon being heated will give off gas to a
considerable extent. The vessel or annealing pot is provided with a suitable vent
which is formed by a pipe extending to near the bottom of the vessel and provided
outside the vessel with any ordinary cock, by means of which the outlet of gas from,
or inlet of gas to the vessel may be regulated at will as desired. Extending beyond
the cock is a pipe, screw threaded at the end or otherwise provided with means for
connecting it with a pipe or with pipes or with an ordinary hose or flexible tube
leading to a suitable source of gas supply, as for instance, the gas pipes in a building
for supplying illuminating gas.
Instead of providing a special vent pipe the joint between the cover and the
vessel may be used as a vent, care being taken not to make the said vent too large.
In lieu of placing the oil in the bottom of the vessel the articles to be annealed may
be coated with oil and the gas generated therefrom will answer the same purpose,
provided it is not necessary or important for the surface of the metal after annealing
to be clean. 1 place the vessel thus charged into the fire leaving the vent open.
The carbonaceous material when heated will give off gas, which with the air in the
enclosed vessel may flow out by way of the vent. The said vent is left cpen during
the heating process so as to relieve the chamber from excess of pressure, the
carbonaceous material giving off sufficient gas to fill the vessel and keep it filled,
thereby excluding therefrom the flame and products of combustion of the heating
medium. The vessel is then removed from the fire and connected in any suitable
way with a gas supply, for example by securing a hose, tube or pipe connected
with any of the gas pipes of the building, to the screw threaded end of the pipe so
that when any skrinkage of the gas within the vessel occurs during cooling, fresh
gas may come in from the gas supply and keep the vessel filled with gas until it
is cool.
My invention does not cover broadly the surrounding of the metal during
annealing with a non-oxidizing gas, nor does it cover broadly the connection of the
annealing vessel with a gas main. In my present process, the annealing vessel is
disconnected from all outside gas supplies until ready for cooling, excess of
pressure being avoided by leaving the vent open during the process of heating and
expansion.

page_text: I, LEONARD DOIG, of Russell & Erwin Manufacturing Company, of Brook's
Wharf, Upper Thames Street, in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in aud by the following statement:-
My invention relates to a method or process of annealing metals in a simple and
efficient manner while surrounded by a non-oxidizing gas.
In the accompanying drawing I have shown in vertical section an annealing-pot
in which my process may be practised.
A designates the said pot or vessel, which may be kept gas tight by means of a
cover B secured thereto and properly luted or sealed. Within the said vessel
I enclose the metal to be annealed and preferably a quantity of carbonaceous or
other gas-producing material, which may be oil or saw dust. The vessel or
annealing pot is provided with a suitable vent, which, as shown, is formed by the
pipe 2, extending nearly to the bottom of the vessel and furnished with a
cock 3, by means of which the amount of opening may be regulated as desired.
Extending beyond the cock is a pipe 4, screw threaded at the end or otherwise
provided with means for connecting it to another pipe for a purpose hereinafter
specified.
Instead of providing a special vent pipe the joint between the cover and the
vessel may be used as a veut, care being taken not to make the opening too large.
In lieu of placing oil in the vessel as above stated, the articles to be annealed may
be coated with oil before being enclosed in the vessel provided it is not necessary or
important for the surface of the metal after annealing to be clean. I place the
vessel thus charged into a fire, leaving the vent open. The metal and the
carbonaceous material when heated will give off gas, which with the air in
the enclosed vessel escapes by way of the vent, which is left open during the
heating process so as to relieve the chamber from excess of pressure. The
carbonaceous material gives off sufficient gas to fill the vessel and keep it filled, and
thereby excludes from the vessel the flame and products of combustion of the
heating medium. After the metal has been raised to the desired annealing
temperature the vessel is removed from the fire and connected to a suitable gas
supply, for example the gas pipes of the building by means of a hose, tube, or pipe
secured on the screw threaded end of the pipe 4, so that when any shrinkage of
the gas within the vessel occurs during cooling fresh gas may enter from the gas
pipes and keep the vessel filled with gas until it is cool. The pressure is maintained
so low that substantially no carbon is taken up from the gas by the metal during
the cooling operation. The annealing vessel is disconnected from all outside gas
supplies until ready for cooling, excess of pressure being avoided by leaving the
vent open during the process of heating.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me by
my foreign correspondents, I declare that I do not claim broadly subjecting the
metal during annealing to a non-oxidizing gas, nor the connection of the annealing
vessel to a gas main, but what I claim is:-
The method of annealing metal by heating it in a vessel without admitting gas
thereto until the metal begins to give off such gases as may be contained therein or
gases are generated from other contents of the vessel, such generated gas being
allowed to escape through a vent, continuing the heating until the metal is

page_text: raised to the desired annealing temperature, then discontinuing the heating and
introducing into the vessel while the gaseous atmosphere therein is contracting
a non-oxidizing gas until the metal has cooled, the pressure within the vessel
during the introduction of such gas being maintained at a low point, substantially
as described.
Datashishda of Ammil 1907
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.