CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND TWISTING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1843

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
BROOK, of Meltham Mills, in the County of York, Cotton Spinner, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent, under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Twelfth day of October, in the seventh year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Charles Brook, Her especial license, full power, sole privilege, and authority
that I, the said Charles Brook, my exors, adiñors, and assigns, and such others
as I, the said Charles Brook, my exors, adiñiors, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term
of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England and Wales and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my
Invention of CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND TWISTING
COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES;" in which said Letters Patent is
contained a proviso that I, the said Charles Brook, shall cause a particular
description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in
part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto
had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Charles Brook, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention of Certain
Improvements in Machinery for Spinning and Twisting Cotton and other
Fibrous Substances, to consist,—
Firstly, in the application and arrangement of certain additional parts in
conjunction with the revolving roller or cylinder H, formerly specified in my
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of June One thousand eight hundred and
twenty-nine, to spinning frames, by which the yarn or thread produced in the
process of spinning is much improved, both in appearance and quality. And,
Secondly, in the novel and improved arrangement and construction of a
spindle and flyer for the purposes of spinning and twisting yarn or thread in
the process of manufacture. And the manner in which the same is to be per-
formed and carried into effect will be seen by reference to the annexed
Drawings and the following description:-
The scale to which the annexed Drawings are made is marked thereon, and
the same letter or figure of reference indicates the same part in each Figure,
where such figure or letter of reference may occur, the direction of rotation of
the moving parts being indicated by arrows.
The improvements specified and explained in my former Patent, bearing
date the Fourth day of June, One thousand eight hundred and twenty-nine,
are retained in my arrangement of machinery; and I shall now proceed to
describe the additional parts by which a further improvement of the yarn or
thread is effected, and which constitute the first part of my present im-
provements.
Figs. 1 and 2 represent front and end views of part of an ordinary throstle
spinning frame. Fig. 3 is a section of the same; and Fig. 4 a section on an
enlarged scale of the drawing rollers, and of such parts as my present and
former Patent consists. Fig. 5 is a modification of certain gearing, as
hereafter explained; and Fig. 6 a plan of the same.
In the Figs. 1 and 2, A represents the fast and loose driving pullies of the
machine; and B, C, D, and E, a series of wheels for conveying motion to the
front or delivering roller F. H represents the revolving rollers or cylinders,
as explained in my former Patent; and I is a small intermediate series of
rollers placed near but not touching the rollers or cylinders II, and revolved
in the same direction from any convenient movement of the machine. These
rollers I receive the water or other liquid from the surface of the cylinder H,
and impart it to the thread or yaru previously to its arrival over the surface of
the cylinder H; and as the yarn or thread proceeds from the rollers or cylinders
E towards the spindle P, instead of passing through a loop or guide in the

page_text: ordinary manner, it is passed over a series of small revolving pullies C', the
form of which is best seen at Figs. 1 and 4. The pullies C¹ are also placed
on a shaft and moved from any convenient movement of the machine acting
as guides to the yarn or thread, and by their angular form holding or com-
pressing the fibres of the yarn or thread so as more completely to incorporate
them during the twisting process, while the rapid rotation of this pulley C in
the direction indicated by the bent arrow forces the twist towards the front or
delivering rollers of the machine, which effect is also facilitated by the horizontal
direction in which the yarn or thread is guided to the point of contact or nip
of such delivering rollers F. The shaft which carries the pullies C", is sup-
ported at the extremity of a lever moving on its fulcrum C, and held in the
position represented at Fig. 4 by the counter weight C³; and in the arrange-
ment here represented, the spring of the shaft on which the pullies C are
placed is found sufficient to allow of the elevation of such pulley for the
purpose of dofting or removing the bobbin from the spindle when required.
But to allow of the necessary elevation of the pullies C¹, when the doffing or
removal of the bobbin takes place, I prefer the arrangement represented at
Fig. 5 and 6, which consists in transferring the driving pulley Q on the end
of the shaft on which the small pullies Care placed to a parallel shaft C*,
and transferring the rotation to the shaft on which the pullies C are placed by
means of the spur wheels C, which gears into two similar wheels C, placed
respectively at the end of small lengths of shaft, on which six or eight of the
small pullies C are placed. These small lengths of shaft are each supported
by the arms r, r, connected with the hollow tube through which the shaft C*
passes (see Fig. 6), so that each series of six or eight pullies C¹, may be
elevated to allow of doffing or removing the bobbins without disconnecting the
wheels and c, as shewn in dotted lines at Fig. 5. From the foregoing
description it will be seen that the means of incorporating the loose fibres into
the yarn in the process of spinning or twisting are similar to that practised and
set forth in the Specification of my former Patent, but that the effect is
rendered more complete by the introduction of the roller I, which imparts
moisture to the yarn or thread before its arrival at the cylinder H, as practised
in my former Patent, and that the closing in of the fibres and forcing the
twist forward towards the front roller by means of the grooved pullies C¹,
renders the present arrangement far more efficient than the former. As
respects the speeds of rotation of the different parts referred to, they are not
required to be very exact, and may be taken from any convenient movement of
the machine; but in a throstle, where the front or delivering roller is one inch
diameter, with about thirty-five revolutions per minute, I have run the roller

page_text: 1. one hundred and eighty, the cylinder H twenty, and the grooved pulley C
four hundred revolutions in the same time. In adapting this part of my
Invention to other spinning or twisting frames, the speeds and arrangements of
the parts of my Invention may be varied according to the nature or construction
of the machine to which they are applied, which the present explanation will
enable any competent person to effect without further description.
The second part of my improvements, which consists in a novel and
improved arrangement and construction of a spindle and flyer, is represented
separate, and at full size at Fig. 7, and in section at Fig. 8, Fig. 9 being a
transverse section taken at the line x, x, in Figure 8. In these Figures P
represents a hollow tube or spindle, which revolves on a step supported on the
copping rail P. Through the centre or aperture of this spindle is passed the
stationary rod P2, which is quite free of the spindle, and fits into a hole or
socket in the step on the copping rail P. The bobbin O is placed on the
spindle, and rests on a small shoulder or projection, as shewn in the Drawing;
and O is a weight fitting on the square end of the rod P, which is slightly
twisted, and resting on the leather or woollen washers, which are placed on the
top of the bobbin for the purpose of producing the drag. The inverted flyer
R is connected with the driving warve R, which runs freely in the bush or
collar in the stationary rail R³, the part R¹ being hollow to allow of the per-
pendicular traverse of the spindle P. This spindle P partakes of the rotation
of the warve and flyer by means of a small stud which moves freely in a slot
in the hollow spindle seen at P³, Figs. 7 and 8. Supposing, therefore, that
rotation is imparted to the warve R, the flyer and spindle will be carried along
with it, and the spinning or twisting action proceed in the ordinary manner,
while the bobbin O, partially retared by the drag caused by the weight '0', will
take up or wind on the thread or yarn at a tension proportionate to the weight
of the part O¹, which can be modified and varied according to the nature of
the work to be performed.
Having now described the nature of my Certain Improvements in Machinery
for Spinning and Twisting Cotton and other Fibrous Substances, together with
the manner in which the same may be performed or carried into effect, I do
not claim as my Invention any separate or well known part of the apparatus or
machinery of which such improvements are constructed or formed; but I do
claim, as applied to machinery for spinning and twisting,-
Firstly, the application and arrangement of the rollers I.
Secondly, the application of the warve or grooved pulley C'; and,
Thirdly, the general arrangement and construction of the spindle and flyer,
as set forth and described at Figs. 7, 8, and 9.

page_text: All which improvements being, to the best of my knowledge and belief, new,
and never before practised in that part of Her Majesty's Dominions called
England. I deliver this as my true and faithful Specification of the same.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Brook, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Thirtieth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundrad and farts fave
Enrolled the Twelfth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-four.