IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS AND IN BOILERS USED FOR HEATING AND WARMING PURPOSES."
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Fisken, Minister of the Gospel, and David
Fisken, Engineer, both of Stamfordham, in the County of Northumber-
land, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS AND IN
BOILERS USED FOR HEATING AND WARMING PURPOSES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Fisken and David
Fisken at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 1st February 1867.
We,
WILLIAM FISKEN, Minister of the Gospel, and DAVID FISKEN,
Engineer, both of Stamfordham, in the County of Northumberland, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
BOILERS AND IN BOILERS USED FOR HEATING AND WARMING PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
The
We make the heated surfaces of the boiler as nearly straight lines as
possible, avoiding the heating of horizontal or nearly horizontal under surfaces
where from their position circulation can be effected with difficulty.
lower sides of circular flues have this defect, whatever heat they transmit is
much deteriorated in effect from the stagnant or nearly stagnant condition of
the water in contact with them, this we avoid as far as possible. The heated
surfaces of our improved boilers we prefer to make to approach each other.
The fire we apply at the widest part, and the flame and heated gases are kept
throughout their progress to the chimney in contact with the straight line
[Prise 6d1

page_text: surfaces (none being horizontal or nearly so) of the plates of which the interior
of the boiler is constructed. Upon stays of short length rivetted to the heated
plates we suspend a series of thin plates parallel or nearly so to them, and. so
shortened top and bottom as to permit the water to circulate around and
between them. These plates thus enclose a small body of water between
them upon which the heat acts with intense effect; their nearly vertical
position and straight line surfaces cause or permit the heated water freely to
ascend and to discharge its steam into the steam space. When the ascending
water has thus discharged its steam and so disengaged its heat, it then
descends with the colder water on the outer surface of the inserted plates until
reaching the bottom it is again drawn in by the action of the heated surfaces
to be heated and to discharge its steam as before, and thereby cause a constant
supply of solid water to the surface of the fire-plates. The inserted plates
thus keep up a constant circulation of the water in the boiler, and at the same
time prevent that portion of it which is immediately in process of conversion
into steam from mixing with the colder descending water; it gives the
advantage of heating only a small portion of water and the safety of a large
reserve these plates may be applied to boilers of most constructions and with
beneficial effect in each application, at all events they are applicable to every
boiler having nearly vertical heated surfaces, or whose heated surfaces may be
so made at inconsiderable expense.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Fisken and David Fisken in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 1st August 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we. WILLIAM
FISKEN, Minister of the Gospel, and DAVID FISKEN, Engineer, both of
Stamfordham, in the County of Northumberland, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of February, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the twenty-ninth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself. Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
William Fisken and David Fisken, Her special licence that we, the said
William Fisken and David Fisken, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said William Fisken and David Fisken, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term

page_text: therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
AND IN BOILERS USED FOR HEATING AND WARMING PURPOSES," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that we, the said William Fisken and David
Fisken, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
our, or their, or one of their hands and seals. should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Fisken and David Fisken,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement, that is to say:
We make the heated surfaces of the boiler as nearly straight lines as
possible, avoiding the heating of horizontal or nearly horizontal under surfaces.
where from their position circulation can be effected with difficulty. The
lower sides of circular flues have this defect, whatever heat they transmit is
much deteriorated in effect from the stagnant or nearly stagnant condition of
the water in contact with them, this we avoid as far as possible. The heated
surfaces of our improved boilers we prefer to make to approach each other;
the fire we apply at the widest part. and the flame and heated gases are kept
throughout their progress to the chimney in contact with the straight line
surfaces (none being horizontal or nearly so) of the plates of which the
interior of the boiler is constructed. Upon stays of short length, rivetted to
the heated plates, we suspend a series of thin plates parallel or nearly so to
them, and so shortened top and bottom as to permit the water to circulate
around and between them; these plates thus enclose a small body of water
between them upon which the heat acts with intense effect; their nearly
vertical position and straight line surfaces cause or permit the heated water
freely to ascend and to discharge its steam into the steam space. When the
ascending water has thus discharged its steam and so disengaged its heat it
then descends with the colder water on the outer surface of the inserted
plates until reaching the bottom it is again drawn in by the action of the
heated surfaces to be heated and to discharge its steam, as before, and thereby
cause a constant supply of solid water to the surface of the fire-plates; the
inserted plates thus keep up a constant circulation of the water in the boiler,
and at the same time prevent that portion of it which is immediately in process

page_text: of conversion into steam from mixing with the colder descending water; it
gives the advantage of heating only a small portion of water and the safety of
a large reserve. These plates may be applied to boilers of most constructions
and with beneficial effect in each application, at all events they are applicable
to every boiler having nearly vertical heated surfaces, or whose heated surfaces
may be so made at inconsiderable expense.
And in order that our Invention may be more fully understood and more
readily carried into effect we will proceed to describe the accompanying
Drawings on two Sheets, reference being made to the letters and figures
marked thereon. The same letters and numbers of reference relate to the
same portions in all the Figures in which they occur.
Figure 1 is an end sectional elevation of a stationary boiler according to
our improvements having a single heater applied therein: Figure 2 is a side
sectional elevation of the same: Figure 3 is an end sectional elevation of a
stationary boiler having a series of heaters applied therein, and shewing the
manner in which the steam is drawn from all the sections: Figure 4
is a side sectional elevation of the same; Figure 5 is an elevation of
a locomotive boiler according to our plan; Figure 6 is an end sectiona!
elevation of the same through the fire-box; Figure is an end sectional
elevation of the same through the body of the boiler: Figure 8 is a modifi-
cation of our Invention as applied to warming purposes: Figure 9 is a section
on an enlarged scale of the guide plates constructed to prevent the diffusion
of heat.
The fire-place A and the ash-pit B we do not alter in our improvements
beyond adapting them to the forms which we find it useful to employ. The
sides of the boiler a, a, &c. we rest in the case of stationary boilers upon the
brickwork D: to the side plates of the bottom of the boiler we attach by the
firmest rivetted joint a plate so quickly curved that its projection into the fire
will not present anything approximating to a flat surface to the flame; to this
sharp curve we rivet one side of the inveried V heaters b. Where one heater
only is used, as in Figures 1 and 2, the opposite side of the V heater bis
similarly fixed to the opposite side of the boiler. and whereas it is evident that
a series of heaters may be adopted having the intermediate inverted V heaters
fastened to each other, and the end ones only to the sides of the boiler, we
prefer that each member of the series should be a complete boiler in itself,
and the entire set be riveited together, as shewn in Figure 3, the steam being
drawn from all by a common pipe. This form, where high pressures are
required, affords the greatest strength. Each of the inverted V heaters of
these boilers or boiler sections may be continued below the fire-place, as shewn

page_text: in Figure 8, so as to include the ash-pit, and in the case of marine boilers
this affords special conveniences. When low pressures are used discretion
may
be exercised regarding these matters, but even with low pressures where
sets of boilers are used the form indicated will be found useful, inasmuch as
each separate section may be detached, cleaned, and adapted to its work
whilst the others are fully employed. Much space may be saved in this way
as each boiler may be separated from the next to it by only the division of a
thickness of boiler plate. In short boilers we introduce a baffling plate C,
Figure 2, by which the flame may be better distributed over the inverted
V heaters; the guide plates d within the water space we place at a small
distance from the V heaters; evaporation increases in an inverse ratio to this
distance; they may be constructed of the thinnest material, as they have only
a very trifling differential pressure to sustain; but with the view of confining
heat we make them of two plates with a non-conducting substance between
them (see Figure 9), thus preventing the heat as far as possible from passing
beyond the thin portion of water inclosed between the guide plates and the
heaters. The heat communicated to the enclosed film of water rapidly con-
verts it into steam, and at the same time raises the water not so converted
above the top edge of the guide plates, and throws it over into the much
larger quantity not actively. heated on the outside of them, and as the plates d
do not extend to the bottom of the V heaters (see Figure 1, where space is
left for sediment clear of them) the colder water outside enters below them
and supplies the place of that converted into steam and thrown over into the
cold space following the direction of the arrows in Figures 1 and 8. The
guide plates d may be variously suspended, they may be placed on short stays
rivetted or screwed to the heater plates, or the longitudinal troughs formed
between the heater plates and the sides of the boiler, or boiler sections may be
subdivided by thin sheet stays rivetted to them, and on these the ends of the
guide plates may rest, and be secured and adjusted as shewn in Figure 4. In
the locomotive boiler, Figures 5, 6, and 7, we make the heater plates around
the fire-box slightly angular so as to admit of the guide plates being inserted
wherever the flame acts; we also connect the longitudinal troughs, between
the heater plates in the body of the boiler by a channel underneath. The
same divisional arrangement may be continued into the fire-box, and thus
each boiler section in the case of the locomotive be capable as those previously
described of being detached from the others should emergency arise rendering
it convenient to do so.
Figure 8 shews the modification we adopt for warming buildings. The
guide plates are level at their top ends with the highest level of water to

page_text: be heated, and cause whatever water flows over them by the action of the
heat to complete the circulation before passing again between them and
the heaters, as in this modification they separate completely the hot water
from the cold, The top of the boiler in this case may be partially open and
produce a moist atmosphere where it may be required.
Having now described the nature of our Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, we declare that we claim as secured to us
thereby,-
Firstly, constructing boilers with internal longitudinal heaters of the form
of an inverted V, whose sides are straight and as nearly vertical as possible,
the internal channel or channels formed by the construction being acted on by
the flame, the external channels containing water, as herein-before described
and shewn; also in the fire-boxes of locomotive boilers having the cross
divisions slightly angular for the same purpose, as shewn in dotted lines in
Figure 5.
Secondly, we claim the insertion of the guide plates by which the water
space is divided unequally into a thin film actively heated and a larger
portion not directly heated, which plates secure a rapid generation of steam
and an equally rapid and effective circulation of water.
Thirdly, we claim the modification of our Invention, shown in Figure 8, for
warming buildings or inclosed spaces of any kind.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Fisken and David Fisken,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-ninth day of
July, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.