IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CRANKED AXLES, AND ALSO OF TYRES FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER WHEELS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Brown Wilson and Robert Sam North, of
the Swedish Steel Iron Works, Rotherham, in the County of York,
Engineers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF CRANKED AXLES, AND ALSO OF TYRES FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER WHEELS,
AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
Sealed the 15th June 1860, and dated the 19th December 1859.
PROVISIONAL ECIFICAT ON left by the said Edward Brown Wilson
and Robert Sam North at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 19th December 1859.
We, EDWARD BROWN WILSON and ROBERT SAM NORTH, of the Swedish
Steel Iron Works, Rotherham, in the County of York, Engineers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF CRANKED AXLES, AND ALSO OF TYRES FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER
WHEELS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as
follows:-
The method we propose to adopt in making cranked axles is to forge for
each a straight bar, round in certain parts and flattened or squared at others,
and afterwards to press the said flattened or squared parts into the form of a
crank by a machine composed of three hydraulic cylinders and rams, one ram
forcing the flat part of the bar between two moveable cheeks, which are acted

page_text: upon or resisted against by two other rams, thereby forming the crank with
the fibres of the iron running one way throughout.
We propose to make each tyre out of a bloom which is formed in a hoop, and
then roll it to the proper size and thickness by a machine having three shafts,
with thimbles or ferrules to suit the tyre; one shaft is fixed and the other two
are moveable, two shafts being used when rolling, and the third when it is
required to form the tyre of a true circle.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edward Brown Wilson and Robert Sam North in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 19th June 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, EDWARD
BROWN WILSON and ROBERT SAM NORTH, of the Swedish Steel Iron Works,
Rotherham, in the County of York, Engineers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Edward Brown Wilson and Robert Sam North, Her special licence
that we, the said Edward Brown Wilson, and Robert Sam North, our executors
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Edward Brown
Wilson and Robert Sam North, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CRANKED AXLES, AND ALSO OF TYRES
FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER WHEELS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREIN," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
Edward Brown Wilson and Robert Sam North, our executors or administra-
tors, by an instrument in writing under our or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Edward Brown Wilson and Robert Sam
North, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner

page_text: the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement (that is to say):
The method we propose to adopt in making cranked axles is to forge for
each a straight bar, round in certain parts and flattened or squared at others,
and afterwards to press the said flattened or squared parts into the form of a
crank by a machine composed of three hydraulic cylinders and rams, one ram
forcing the flat part of the bar between two moveable cheeks, which are acted
upon or resisted against by two other rams, thereby forming the crank with
the fibres of the iron running one way throughout.
We propose to make each tyre out of a bloom which is formed in a hoop,
and then roll it to the proper size and thickness by a machine having three
shafts, with thimbles or ferrules to suit the tyre; one shaft is fixed, and the other
two are moveable, two shafts being used when rolling, and the third when it is
required to form the tyre to a true circle.
These improvements will be clearly understood by referring to the Figures
and letters on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, in which Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4,
and 5 represent the first part of our improvements, and Figs. 6 and 7 the
second part.
The mode in which we carry out the first part of our improvements is as
follows: The bloom or faggot is formed of a number of pieces of iron rolled
to a segment of a circle, as shewn in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, previous to their
being hammered. If for a cranked axle, the necessary square and flat places
are formed on it; and if for straight axles requiring great strength, they are
nerely swaged round or of the shape desired. Fig. 5 is a plan of the machine
employed for forming the cranked axles; it is composed of three bydraulic
cylinders and rams, connected to a bed plate and provided with the necessary
tie rods.
The mode of operation is as follows:-The tie rods B, B, are lifted out of
their place, and the straight bar for the axle is put in the machine against the
rams of the two cylinders C, C; the rods B, B, are then replaced, and the ram.
A of the cylinder D is propelled forward by means of pumps worked either by
hand or machinery against the bar, the part E coming in contact with and
forcing it between the two rams A, A, belonging the two cylinders C, C, and
when it is forced far enough in, the two other rams are propelled forward and
closed, until the crank is formed to the proper shape; the rods B, B, are then
again lifted out of their places F and G, and the crank removed.
In the second part of our improvements we form a hoop or bloom of wrought
iron or steel, or wrought iron and steel combined, by making it of a
series of rings or pieces, and when sufficiently hammered the hoop is then

page_text: taken to the machine herein-after described, a plan of which is shewn at
Fig. 6, and an elevation at Fig. 7. The two main rollers A and B have suit-
able thimbles, ferrules, or collars turned or formed to the section of the tyre to
be rolled, and are pressed together by the screws H, H, until the tyre is rolled
to such a thickness as to touch the adjusting rollers C, C, C, two of which are
carried on the cross frame I, I, and the other attached to a block sliding
between the frames D, D. The said thimbles, ferrules, or collars are moved
simultaneously by screws, racks, or other mechanical contrivances; in the
Drawing they are shewn worked by screws G, G, G, driven by the bevil
wheels F, F, F, the tyre being shewn at E, E.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and how it may be
performed, we desire it to be understood that we claim,―
Firstly, the employment of hydraulic cylinders and rams, as shewn and
described, for forming cranked axles, and also the forming of blooms or faggots,
as shewn in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, when axles are required to be of great
strength.
And, secondly, the forming of tyres of wheels out of blooms, and then rolling
them into hoops by a machine, as shewn and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Sam North, for and on behalf of
myself and the said Edward. Brown Wilson, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty.
ROBERT SAM NORTH. (L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named Robert Sam North,
in the presence of
EDWARD T. HUGHES, Patent Agent,
London.