Year: 1888

page_text: I, WALDEMAR BERGH of Temple Chambers Whitefriars in the City of London
Merchant do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
I connect the spindle of the separator drum at its upper end loosely with the
lower end of the driving spindle which latter runs in a deep bush or in bushes at its
upper and lower part and is driven by endless cord or strap and pulleys or by worm
and worm-wheel, this latter being especially suitable for driving by hand power in
which latter case I so arrange the wormwheel that it in its revolution tends to lift
the spindle. On the worm wheel spindle I fix a pinion which receives motion by
spurwheel and handle or handles on the spindle of the latter the centres of the pinion
and of the spur wheel being in or about in the same horizontal line and arranged
in the upper part of the framing and partly enclosed. In this way when the worm-
wheel rotates in a trough shaped part of this part of the framing with a slight
clearance the lubricating oil will be constantly thrown up and back into the worm
and bushes. The loose connection between the driving spindle and the separator
drum spindle is formed by the somewhat tapered end of the latter entering a recess
in the former but with clearance and the two being connected by two carrier ping
fixed in the drum spindle at right angles to each other one above the other and
passing through slots in the driving spindle. The latter may have a small flange
which reaches over the rim of an oil collecting cup or recess formed in the lower part
of the gear framing.
•
The drum spindle terminates below in a diaphragm or partition between the
separating drum proper and a lower skim milk collecting compartment thereof, such
diaphragm being fixed between a flange on the drum proper and a flange on the lower
compartment, and having at its circumference a series of narrow elongated taper
through slots which form communication between the drum proper and the lower
compartment. I prefer to form the spindle with a cone disc onto which drops the
diaphragm so that the spindle can be lifted out of it. The spindle terminates below
in a cone centre which works in a centre bearing which should be as far as possible

page_text: at or near the centre of gravity of the filled drum. This bearing is carried on a
conical plug which by central screw and nut or by a lever with screw and nut can be
raised and lowered as required. The bearing and the plug are in a hollow pedestal
fixed on the bedplate of the machine and passing through the flanged bottom of the
skim milk receiver which surrounds the separator drum. The bedplate also carries
a standard on which the aforesaid gear frame is fixed. Instead of the spindle
arrangement just described I may connect the driving spindle with the drum spindle
by frictional and ball socket bearing so that the drum is suspended therefrom the
lower step or centre bearing merely serving as a means of steadying when the machine
is started. To disconnect or remove the drum and its spindle 1 form the latter with
a narrow neck a little below the ball and provide a slot in the socket so that when
the drum spindle is raised it may be removed sideways by passing the narrow neck
out through the slot. Or I may form the drum spindle in two parts which are hooked
together and kept central by cone point centre and centre bearing.
The separator drum is by preference of a part spherical form and has a neck which
is slightly conical smaller at the top and having the outlet hole for the cream in the
lower larger part so as to draw off the purest or thickest cream.
The diaphragm
forming the bottom of the drum proper is made with the usual chamber in the middle
for receiving the milk from the feed tube and with slanting holes passing thence
through the walls of the said chamber. The lower compartment which receives the
skim milk through the aforesaid elongated holes in the diaphragm is formed with
a hole in the middle through which the skim milk runs off to the skim milk
receiver which surrounds the drum and on the top of which the cream receiver
is placed.
Machines constructed in the manner described work so steadily and frictionless that
a large separator can be driven by hand and the whole machine requires no
foundation but merely to be fixed on a table.
Dated this 27th day of March 1888

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Centrifugal Fluid Separating Machines.
I, WALDEMAR BERGH of Temple Chambers Whitefriars in the City of London,
Merchant do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
One part of my invention consists in a new or improved mode of driving centrifugal
fluid separating machines whereby I obtain a large diminution of frictional resistance
so that for instance much larger machines can be conveniently driven by hand than
heretofore was the case. This part of my invention consists in working the separator
drum or other centrifugal appliance from above in such manner that its spindle is by
a carrier part of any suitable form merely carried round with and by the driving
spindle but so that the entire weight and the frictional resistance due to the weight
of the drum spindle the drum and the fluid contents thereof is received by a bottom
step by preference of the cone point form or other suitable step with minimum
friction without the use of the usual bush or neck bearing for the drum spindle.
The drum, its contents and the drum spindle thus act like a spinning top supported
below and free at the top where it balances itself freely in the driving spindle carrier
part, which however is furnished with an elastic bush for the purpose of counteracting
any slight lateral vibration of the top of the drum spindle. It should be noted
however that this mode of driving is only applicable in its entirety to fluid separating
machines in which fluids or liquids of a homogeneous nature are being treated and
not such in which are contained solid or semi-solid lumps of varying size which
would prevent the drum contents from being balanced and the drum act in the manner
of a freely rotating top.
I prefer to drive the vertical driving spindle (which I shall hereafter call the upper
spindle) by worm wheel gear especially if the machine is to be worked by hand, and
I so arrange the driving wormwheel (the larger) that it in its revolution tends to lift
the upper spindle upon which is fixed or formed the smaller worm or wheel that is
driven by the aforesaid larger wormwheel (which latter really might be called the
worm in analogy with the ordinary worm and wormwheel gear). Also I so enclose
the worm wheel gear that the large wormwheel runs in oil and in its quick rotation
constantly throws the oil up and back into the small worn wheel and the bearings of
the upper spindle. This enclosing may suitably be done by forming a trough-shaped
recess or chamber in the framing of the machine for the large worn wheel to rotate in
with a slight clearance. On the spindle of the large worm wheel is fixed a pinion
which receives motion by gearing with a spur wheel provided with a handle. The
centres of the pinion and of the spur wheel inay be about in the same horizontal line
or the spur wheel somewhat below it, all according to the proportions given to the
gearing, which may be partly enclosed in the upper part of the framing.
The connection between the upper spindle and the drum spindle may suitably be
by a cross pin in the latter entering notches in the opposite sides of the recessed
bottom part of the former.

page_text: The drum spindle terminates below in a partition between the separating drum
proper and a lower compartment thereof for the heavier liquid separated in the
operation, such diaphragm being fixed by flanges between the drum proper and the
lower compartment and having at its circumference a series of small through holes or
slots which form communication between the drum proper and the lower compartment.
I prefer to form the spindle with a cone disc onto which drops the diaphragm, so that
the spindle can be drawn out of it.
The bottom of the diaphragm or drum spindle is as stated fitted below with a step
pivot by preference a cone centre which works in a centre bearing that should be as
near as possible to the centre of gravity of the charged drum when rotated. This
bearing is carried on a conical plug which by central screw and nut or by a lever
with screw and nut can be raised and lowered as required. The bearing and the plug
are in a hollow pedestal fixed or formed in the framing or on the bedplate of the
machine and passing through the flanged bottom of the receiver for the skim milk or
other heavier separated fluid which receiver surrounds the separator drum. The
latter is by preference of a part spherical form and has a neck which at the top is
slightly conical or smaller and having the outlet hole or holes for the cream in the
lower larger part, or the neck may be formed with a small inner flange and with
the outlet hole or holes just below the flange, so as to draw off the purest or thickest
cream. The diaphragm forming the bottom of the drum proper is made with the
usual chambered out part in the middle for receiving the milk from the feed tube
and with slanting holes passing thence out through the walls of the said chamber.
The lower compartment which receives the skim milk through the aforesaid holes in
the diaphragm is formed with a hole in the middle through which the skim milk (or
other heavier separated fluid) runs off to the skim milk receiver which surrounds
the drum and on the top of which is placed the receiver for the cream (or other
lighter fluid).
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings is a vertical section through a hand
worked separator especially suitable for separating cream from milk and Figures 2
and 3 are detail views.
The spindle A of the drum B is at the top provided with a cross pin a as shewn
more clearly in the sectional detail views Figures 2 and 3; this cross pin a works
loosely in the notches formed in the opposite sides of the bottom recess in the upper
spindle C. The spindle A works with lateral play in a rubber bush D in this recess,
the object of the elastic bush being to counteract any slight lateral vibration of the
top of the drum spindle A. Or vice versa the lower spindle A may be formed with
a recess in which the upper spindle Centers. The upper spindle C is formed
with worm teeth at C' into which gear the worm teeth of the wheel E. On it or on
its spindle is fixed a small pinion F which is driven by the large spur wheel G by
means of a handle. When the wheel E runs in the direction shown by the arrow
the upper spindle C is lifted. The worm gear C₁ E is enclosed in a trough shaped
chamber H of the frame H by the lid H2, and the oil contained in the chamber H¹
being continually flung up by the wheel E is thrown into the worm teeth C and the
bearings of the spindle C. The spindle C works with a hardened steel pivot against
a hardened steel pointed screw at the top and in bushes I and I¹ at its upper and
lower part; it has a collar C for conveying any surplus oil to a dish which
latter may be emptied occasionally, the chamber H₁ being then replenished
therefrom.
Machines constructed as here shown are so frictionless that one man with ease can
work a machine with a twelve inch separator.drum.
The drum spindle A is formed with a conical bottom enlargement or disc A¹ onto
which drops the centre L' of the diaphragm L, so that the spindle A can be lifted out
of it. The diaphragm L is formed with a flange for conveniently joining it to the
flange of the lower compartment M and the intermediate flange or bottom rim of
the drum proper B. The latter is of a part spherical form with a neck B' which at the
top is formed with a small inner flange B2. The outlet hole or holes bare just below
the latter. The centre part of the diaphragm is chambered out at L³ in the usual

page_text: .
manner for receiving the milk from the feed tube and has slanting outlet holes / to the
drum B. The lower compartment M which receives the skim milk by way of the
holes m has a central hole M¹ for escape of the skim milk to the receiver N. O is
the receiver for the cream. These receivers have the usual outlet pipes to pails
placed below. The cone pivot L' runs in the hard bearing Q which has a fine central
hole and which rests in the step piece Q'. The latter has a central hole for inserting
a drift to remove the bearing when required. The stop Q1 rests in the conical
plug R terminating in a screwed spindle R which has a bevil wheel S forming its nut
and capable of being turned by a bevil wheel S¹ with hand wheel S³ for raising and
lowering the step bearing plug R which fits in the pedestal T.
Figure 4 shews a suitable form of drum B spun in one with the lower com-
partment M with a flange or rim projection and corresponding recess for the
diaphragm L.
Figure 5 shows another form in which the drum B and diaphragm L are spun in
one piece with a projecting rim or flange over which the lower compartment M
is spun.
Obviously the diaphragm L and bottom compartment M might be span in one
piece, and the drum B spun over it.
When the machine is driven by power I may arrange the upper spindle and its
bearings in the manner shewn at Figure 6 where the spindle has a pulley P fixed on
it for being driven directly from some large quickly revolving pulley.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
First. The driving of machines for separating fluids and liquids of a homogeneous
or nearly homogeneous nature by applying the driving power to an upper spindle
which is loosely and with lateral elastic play connected to a lower spindle that is
merely supported in a bottom step in such manner that it finds its true perpendicular
or balanced position after the manner of a top substantially as set forth.
Second. In machines driven as firstly claimed the application of worm wheel gear
arranged substantially in the manner described and shewn.
Third. The form or construction of centrifugal drum B with diaphragm L lower
compartment M and cream and skim milk outlets 6 and m substantially as
described and shewn.
Fourth. Constructing centrifugal drums B with diaphragm L and lower com-
partment M by means of "spinning" substantially as described and shown.
Fifth. The construction of hand separator shewn and described.
Dated this 98th day of Januar 1889
Doted this 98th day of January 1889
WALDEMAR BERGH.
By Jensen & Son,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Patent Agents.