IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN WEAVING
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Broadley, of Saltaire, near Bradford, in the
County of York, Overlooker to Messrs. Titus Salt, Sons, and Co., of
Saltaire, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS
EMPLOYED IN WEAVING."
Sealed the 26th October 1858, and dated the 9th July 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Broadley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
July 1858.
I, JAMES BROADLEY, of Saltaire, near Bradford, in the County of York,
Overlooker to Messrs. Titus Salt, Sons, and Co., of Saltaire, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR
APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN WEAVING," to be as follows:→
One part of the Invention has for its object means for giving motion to
series of shuttle boxes arranged around an axis of motion now commonly
called rotary shuttle boxes. For this purpose I apply upon the tappet or
other suitable shaft a disc or plate with several teeth arranged concentrically
upon the surface of the plate, the first being a single tooth, the next two, the
next three teeth, and so on according to the extent of change desired to be
by them produced in the selection of shuttles, as from the first to the next of
the series of shuttle chambers, or to the second or third, &c., and there is a
pinion with a number of teeth corresponding with the number of shuttle

page_text: chambers, and capable of being slided into gear with either the single tooth
or the two or three teeth, &c. This pinion is placed upon a shaft, which by
suitable gear gives motion to the series of boxes. And according to one
arrangement there are two other pinions on the axis of the pinion operated
by the teeth in the plate, and forming part of this gear, either of which
pinions is capable of being locked to communicate motion to the series of
shuttle chambers, so as to obtain variation in the direction of motion of them.
The pinion which takes into the teeth on the disc is shifted to the required
concentrically arranged teeth by levers acted upon by studs or projections of
different elevations upon a rotating cylinder, or by a chain of them passing
over such cylinder, and the cylinder has rotary motion given to it in the
working of the loom, but other pattern surface may be employed.
According to another arrangement, the change in the direction of motion of
the series of boxes or chambers is obtained by employing another set of these
concentrically arranged teeth on the opposite side of the surface of the disc or
plate, and the pinion operated by the teeth in such plate is capable of being
slided by the jacquard or other pattern surface employed to act in either of
them, by which the alteration in the direction of motion is obtained.
Secondly, the improvements relate to so arranging parts in connection with
rotary shuttle boxes operated by straps or bands, that when by the sticking of
the picker or other derangement a stoppage of the working of the scries of
boxes takes place, the pulley wheel operating such band may be permitted to
slip, so as to prevent breakage. For this purpose such pulley wheel, in place
of being fixed to its axis, is free to turn thereon, and is caused to rotate with
it by spring pressure acting against projections, or in such manner as to admit
of yielding of the parts, and permit the pulley wheel to slip without injury to
the mechanism.
Thirdly, the improvements relate to the construction of series of rotary
shuttle boxes or chambers in order to give additional strength thereto. For
this purpose I form the inner end plates thereof, or those next the batten, with 3
projections to embrace, and thereby give firmness to the framing forming the
side walls or partitions of each shuttle chamber, by which those side picces
will be better able to resist the strain exerted when from any cause the picker
sticks in a chamber.
Fourthly, the improvements relate to means of obtaining pattern surface 3
for operating to select rotary or other shuttle boxes, and which is also appli-
cable as the selecting means for other purposes in weaving. I apply pegs,
studs, or other projections or perforations in the sides or surfaces of a cylinder
constructed as a jacquard cylinder, and in manner such as is now sometimes

page_text: employed in using such pattern surfaces, but in place of applying such
cylinder in a horizontal direction, and causing it to rotate to present a fresh
square for each change, I apply a sufficient number of pegs, studs, pro-
jections, or perforations along each surface for a series of changes, and give
motion to such cylinder endways till all the changes of pattern on one surface
have been made use of, and then I turn this cylinder partially round on its
axis, so as to present a fresh side or surface of pegs, studs, or perforations,
and I cause the cylinder to move endwise, then by preference in the opposite
direction till that surface is exhausted, and so on with each surface. In place
of the endway motion being given to the cylinder, the same effect may be
obtained by causing the instrument or instruments upon which the cylinder
operates to move endways. I also form the series of changes in spiral lines
in place of vertically on the cylinder.
Fifthly, the improvements relate to apparatus for stopping the loom when
weft fails, as adapted to picking successively from the same side, or what is
called pick and pick. For this purpose the lever operating the weft fork or
feeler at each side of the loom is jointed at that end next the cam or tappet
by which it is operated, and is acted upon to throw it into or out of the way
of its cam or tappet simultaneously with throwing into or out of gear of the
respective picking apparatus.
Sixthly, the improvements relate to means for selecting the order of
picking. For this purpose hinged or other moveable nose pieces are applied
to act upon the cone or arm of such picker axis, and they are held in position
or kept out of position for operating at the times desired by sliding pieces
acting between these moveable noses and other unyielding surfaces, and these
sliding pieces are brought into or taken out of position by jacquard or other
suitable pattern surface.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Broadley in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
8th January 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
BROADET, of Saltaire, near Bradford, in the County of York, Overlooker to
Messrs. Titus Salt, Sons, and Company, of Saltaire, send greeting..
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of Her

page_text: reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said James Broadley, Her special licence that I, the said James Broadley, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James
Broadley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS
OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said James Broadley, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and 'seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Broadley, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, that is to say:-
One part of the Invention has for its object means for giving motion to
series of shuttle boxes arranged around an axis of motion now commonly called
rotary shuttle boxes. For this purpose I apply upon the tappet or other
suitable shaft, or disc or plate, with several tecth arranged concentrically upon
the surface of the plate, the first being a single tooth, the next two, the next
three teeth, and so on, according to the extent of change desired to be by thems
produced in the selection of shuttles, as from the first to the next of the serios
of shuttle chambers, or to the second or third, &c., and there is a pinion with
a number of teeth corresponding with the number of shuttle chambers, and
capable of being slided into gear with either the single tooth, or the two or the
three teeth, &c. This pinion is placed upon a shaft, which by suitable gear
gives motion to the series of boxes. According to one arrangement the change
in the direction of motion of the series of boxes or chambers is obtained by
employing another set of these concentrically arranged teeth on the opposite
side of the surface of the disc or plate, and the pinion operated by the teeth in
such plate is capable of being slided by the jacquard or other pattern surface
employed to act in either of them, by which the alteration in the direction of
motion is obtained. The pinion which takes into the teeth on the disc is
shifted to the required concentrically arranged teeth by levers acted upon by
studs or projections of different elevations upon a rotating cylinder or by a

page_text: chain of them passing over such cylinder, and the cylinder has rotary motion
given to it in the working of the loom. But other pattern surface may be
employed.
And according to another arrangement there are two other pinions on the
axis of the pinion operated by the teeth in the plate and forming part of this
gear, either of which pinions is capable of being locked to communicate motion
to the series of shuttle chambers so as to obtain variation in the direction of
motion of them.
Secondly, the improvements relate to so arranging parts in connection with
rotary shuttle boxes operated by straps or bands, that when by the sticking of
the picker or other derangement, a stoppage of the working of the series of
boxes takes place the pulley wheel operating such band may be permitted to
slip so as to prevent breakage. For this purpose, such pulley wheel in place
of being fixed to its axis is free to turn thereon, and is caused to rotate with it
by spring pressure acting against projections, or in such manner as to admit
of yielding of the parts, and permit the pulley wheel to slip without injury to
the mechanism.
Thirdly, the improvements relate to the construction of series of rotary
shuttle boxes or chambers, in order to give additional strength thereto. For
this purpose I form the inner end plates thereof or those next the batten with
projections to embrace, and thereby give firmness to the framing forming the
side walls or partitions of each shuttle chamber, by which those side pieces
will be better able to resist the strain exerted when from any cause the picker
sticks in a chamber.
Fourthly, the improvements relate to means of obtaining pattern surface for
operating to select rotary or other shuttle boxes, and which is also applicable
as the selecting means for other purposes in weaving. I apply pegs, studs, or
other projections or perforations in the sides or surfaces of a cylinder con-
structed as a jacquard cylinder, and in manner such as is now sometimes
employed in using such pattern surfaces. But in place of applying such
cylinder in a horizontal direction and causing it to rotate to present a fresh
square for each change, I apply a sufficient number of pegs, studs, projections
or perforations along each surface for a series of changes, and give motion to
such cylinder endways, till all the changes of pattern on one surface have been
made use of, and then I turn this cylinder, partially round on its axis so as to
present a fresh side or surface of pegs, studs, or perforations, and I cause the
cylinder to move endwise, then by preference in the opposite direction till that
surface is exhausted, and so on with each surface. In place of the endway
motion being given to the cylinder, the same effect may be obtained by causing

page_text: huttle chambers from one to the next chamber. Next to and concentrically
with the single tooth f₁ are two teeth adapted to cause a motion from one
chamber to a third (thereby missing one chamber); next to these two teeth,
and concentrically of them are three teeth adapted to produce a motion from
one to a fourth chamber, or missing two intermediate chambers, by which as
shewn a variation of from one to three chambers is readily obtained, and this
number will be increased in the succeeding concentric lines of teeth, with an
increase of number of shuttle chambers, and according to this arrangement
there are like teeth applied at each side of the centre of the plate f, in order
to afford capability of moving the boxes like distances in either direction.
Either of these concentrically arranged teeth is capable of acting upon the
teeth of a pinion 9, which is capable of being slided upon its shaft g', so as to
be in gear with either of them, or when in the position indicated by the
Drawings of being out of gear with either of them. The pinion 9 is formed
with a boss, in the inner surface of which is formed a groove to take on to a
feather, formed on or projecting from the axis g¹, in such manner that whilst
the pinion g is capable of sliding freely on the axis g¹, any rotary motion given
to such pinion g also gives rotary motion to the axis g¹, the front end of
which is received into a socket formed by the hollow axis g, on which is
affixed the bevilled pinion g³ whilst the back end of the axis g¹ is supported
as shown by the bracket a', standing out from the main framing a.
there is formed upon the front end of the axis g₁ a feather to take into a
groove formed in the inside of the socket 9³, in such manner that whilst the
socket is caused to rotate with the axis g', it is yet capable of sliding
thereon in the movement of the batten.
And
The pinion g³ takes into and thereby gives motion to the pinion g', affixed
upon the axis h, upon which are placed the drums h¹, h¹, which by endless
bands or straps h³, (which we prefer to be of metal,) give motion to the series
of shuttle boxes 6, 6. Sliding motion on the axis g' is given to the pinion g, to
place it in position to be acted upon by the desired teeth by means of the
lever i, one end of which is forked to embrace the neck formed in the boss of
the wheel g, whilst it is, supported upon an axis i, and has a pulley *, which
rests upon and so as to be operated by any of the series of surfaces j, forming
a series of links brought forward by the cylinder or barrel k, in the manner of
5 jacquard cards. Separate views of some of these parts are shewn at Figures
3, 4, and 5.
.
Figures 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 show separately some of the pattern sur-
faces which I prefer to employ, and it will be seen that whilst some of them
are. formed with elevations of different heights (1), (2), (3), and others with

page_text: recesses of different depths (4), (5), adapted to operate on the pulley, to
move the pinion g into gear with one or the other of the sets of teeth f¹ in the
plate f. The plate shown by Figure 6 is plain on its surface, having neither
rises nor depressions on it, and adapted to effect no change in the position
of the lever or the pinion g operated by it, so that the pinion 9, when
the pulley rests upon the plain surface of a plate j, will be out of the
way of being operated by either of the sets of teeth f¹ in the plate f, as indi-
cated by the position of the parts in Figures 1 and 2. The plates j forming
the scries of pattern surfaces are connected together by rings 7, and are sup-
ported by and, caused to rotate with the cylinder or barrel k, by each link j
having formed upon it projections, which are received into recesses ¹³ formed
in the sides of the cylinder k: The lever i is borne towards the surfaces j by
spring or other pressure. Upon the cylinder k is also affixed the star wheel
, which is capable of being taken into by the studs 1, l, to obtain partial
rotary motion therefrom, and to be held in position between such partial
motions by the surface of the plate . The studs 1, 2, and plate l' are affixed
to the surface of a pinion P, which receives motion from a pinion 1 affixed
upon the axis b.
Figures 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16 show a modification of this part of the
improvements. In this case I apply teeth f¹ on one side only of the axis of
the plate f to act upon a pinion g, and this pinion has motion given to it simply
to conduct it to and from the axis of the plate f, and either of the concentric
lines of teeth on the one side of such axis for the different motions required.
And the change in the direction of motion imparted by such teeth on the
plate to the pinion g is obtained by there being two other pinions 93, 93, in
connection with the axis g', both of which pinions take by their teeth into the
teeth of the pinion g', but either one or the other of them is alone at any one
time capable of giving motion to the pinion g'; for this purpose the pinions
93, 93, are separate from each other, and they are capable of turning freely on
the neck g³ formed on the socket g³, whilst that socket (which, in fact, forms
part of the axis g³,) not only receives the outer end of the axis g', but also the
sliding piece 9, upon which are formed projections 93, 9', (as is more fully
shown by the enlarged views, Figures 14, 15, 16,) which rise through the slot
or opening g³, formed for the purpose in the socket 9', and are capable of
being slided into recesses formed for them in the inside of the bosses of those
pinions g³, so as to connect either the one or the other of them at the times
desired, and according to the direction of motion sought to be obtained to the
series of shuttle boxes.
The sliding of the piece o is effected by the incquard or pattern surface

page_text: referred to, or by other suitable pattern surface acting by means of the lever gº,
which embraces the outer end of the slide gº, to bring its projections g' as
required into connection with one or the other of the pinions g³.
Figures 17 and 18 show a part of a front view and part of an end view of
a loom with another modification of the first part of the improvements, when a
shuttle box with eight or other greater or smaller number of boxes is required
to be used, and in place of communicating motion to the boxes by means of
straps or bands, I employ tooth gear and a cross shaft z, as shewn.
In carrying out the second part of the improvements, shown also by
Drawings A, the drums or pulleys h¹ in place of being affixed to the axis h
are in themselves loose thereon, and are only connected thereto by spring
pressure capable of slipping. For this purpose each drum h¹ has one surface
formed with recesses Aº and inclines or undulations h³, whilst from the axis h
project spring arms h, or such like operating surfaces, with noses ho, which
pass into the notches or recesses h° with sufficient pressure under ordinary
working circumstances to cause the drums h³ to rotate with them; but when,
from the sticking of a shuttle or otherwise, either of the series of boxes is
held fast, each of the noses h³ in connection therewith will slip out of its
recess or undulation he and up an incline h³, and by the yielding thus
admitted prevent fracture of the parts.
Figure 19 shows a front view of a series of shuttle boxes separately con-
structed according to the third part. of my improvements; Figure 20, an end
view of the same; and Figures 21 and 22, separate views of one of the inner
end plates, by which the character of the end frame and the form thereof,
which I have found to answer well, will be better understood. The flange A,
it will be seen, embraces the end of the series of boxes, and, by being
continued round aids materially in giving firmness to the framing forming
the side walls or partitions of each shuttle box or chamber, to enable them
better to resist the strain exerted when from any cause the picker sticks
in the box.
I will now describe the fourth part of the improvements, which is shewn by
Drawing B; Figure 1 of which shews a side view, and Figure 2 a plan, of
pattern surface and parts operating it. a is the cylinder formed with twelve
sides, or it may be other number of sides, each of which is provided with pegs
or other operating surfaces adapted to act upon a lever b, or other suitable
means of communicating motion. This box or cylinder a is capable of sliding
on the fixed.shaft c, and it is at its lower end provided with a truck or bowl,
which rests on the edge of the excentric d affixed upon the axis d³, and which
has. motion given to it as shewn or in other suitable manner, and the extent

page_text: of motion imparted by the excentric is adapted to the extent of variation
obtained 'in the length of the cylinder a, and when the excentric d has made
one half revolution, one of the teeth d projecting therefrom acts against ono
'of the teeth a projecting from the under side of the cylinder a, by which that
cylinder will receive a partial rotary motion on its axis, so as to bring up a
fresh side or surface with its series of pattern surfaces, and 'supposing the
series of pattern surfaces by the last operation to have been raised, as shewn,
to its highest position, it will in the next traverse have a descending motion,
and so on alternately.
Figures 3 and 4 show a modification of this part of the improvements; in
this case the cylinder a is caused to make a step by step rotary motion, and
its surface is provided with holes to receive pins from the operating pattern
surfaces a³, in order that each of such pattern surfaces a³ may be capable of
being turned upon its pin so as to set any of them at an angle to the axis of
the cylinder.
These pattern surfaces a³ are also formed each with a groove on its surface
adapted to receive and guide the wheel b' or other follower, and the object of
thus forming the pieces a³ capable of being turned so as to set them at an
angle or otherwise is in order to provide for various changes of pattern.
Thus, supposing a pattern or part of a pattern to have been obtained in the
rotation of this cylinder'a by the action of the surfaces a³ upon the follower b',
in a line at right angles to the axis of the cylinder a by any one of those
pieces a³ in that line being turned in an angular direction, the follower 6¹ will
be directed in a spiral direction into another line, or if desired across a series
of lines. The follower 6 is carried by and with a capability of sliding
transversely or in a direction parallel to the axis of the cylinder a in the
guide 6, carried by the lever b, in order that whilst the cylinder c makes
its rotation the follower 6¹ may be capable of traversing with any of the
pieces a².
I will now describe the fifth part of the improvements; this part of the
improvements is shewn by Drawings A already referred to, and also by the
sectional view Figure 28, and plan of parts Figure 24. m is the ordinary
weft fork or feeler for indicating the presence of weft and stopping the loom
when from any cause weft fails by taking hold of the notch n' on the lever n,
which turns upon the axis of motion n², and at its other end is formed with a
catch n³ capable of being acted upon in the revolution of the cam or tappet
shaft c by the noses. o, o, fixed thereon. But that these levers n may only be.
acted upon by the noses o, o, at that end of the loom to which the shuttle has
been thrown, the levers n are jointed at and when the picker has acted to

page_text: throw a shuttle into the opposite side, the picker axis p, which is formed with
an arm p', then operates by that arm p' acting against the end n³ of the levor n
to throw it out of the way of the noses o, o, so that they do not act on it.
And the better to insure the weft of the shuttle last thrown being in the
way of the feeler or fork, and prevent any other acting instead, there is a rod q
affixed to the framing in position, as shown, to admit of all the weft threads
from the shuttles in the series of boxes descending out of the way of the fork
or feeler, except that of the shuttle last thrown, and this thread is raised up
into position to be better acted upon by such fork or feeler.
I will now describe the sixth part of the improvements, which is also shown
by Drawings A. In carrying out this part of the Invention, the pattern sur-
faces are on the side of them where required extended, so as to be capable
of acting on a lever r, which, by means of a link r¹, is connected to an arm 7³,
affixed on the axis 7, on which is formed an arm r, capable of acting on to
move outwards either of the plates or 70, connected to the moveable nose
pieces by hinge joints, and it will be seen that the plates 7, 70, are in
different but concentric circles, so that when one of them is operated upon
the other is missed.
Having thus described the nature of these my improvements, and the best
means I am acquainted with for carrying the same into effect, I would have it
understood that I do not confine myself to the precise details shown and
described, as these may be varied; but what I do claim is,―
First, the adaptation and combination of parts for operating rotary shuttle
boxes, acting in mannor and for the purpose substantially as explained in
respect of the first head of the Invention.
Also I claim the application of a plate f, with teeth f¹, for the purpose of
giving motion to rotary shuttle boxes, in manner substantially as explained.
Also I claim the obtaining a reversing motion to series of shuttle boxes by
means of a pair of pinions, either of which is capable of being put into and
out of connection with the gear for operating the series of shuttle boxes, as
used in combination with a plate f with concentric teeth f¹.
Secondly, I claim the arranging and combining parts in connection with
rotary shuttle boxes operated by straps or bands, whoreby the pulley or drum
operating such strap or band may be permitted to slip in the event of a
shuttle sticking in the boxes, as explained.
Also I claim the application of the undulating surfaces, acted upon by
spring pressure, operating in manner and for the purpose explained under this
head of the Invention.

page_text: Thirdly, I claim the application of plates to the one end of revolving shuttle
boxes, for the purpose of giving additional strength thereto, as explained.
Fourthly, I claim the adaptation of means for obtaining pattern surfaces,
substantially as explained under the fourth head of the Invention.
Fifthly, I claim the mode of arranging and combining weft stopping appa-
ratus, as explained in respect of Drawings A, and especially adapted to when
working pick and pick, substantially as explained.
Sixthly, I claim the mode of arranging and combining parts for bringing
the respective nose pieces for operating the picker motion into operation,
substantially as explained.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Broadley, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fifth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
Witness,
S. WILSON,
Saltaire.
JAMES BROADLEY. (L.S.)