IMPROVEMENTS IN the ManufactuRE OF VARNISH, PAINT, OR OTHER SIMILAR BRUSHES
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Thurston Culmer, of the Firm of W.
Culmer & Sons, Hornsey Road, in the County of Middlesex, Brush
Manufacturers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Thurston
Culmer at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 1st April 1874.
I, WILLIAM THURSTON CULMER, of the Firm of W. Culmer & Sons,
Hornsey Road, in the County of Middlesex, Brush Manufacturers, do
Chereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
the ManufactuRE OF VARNISH, PAINT, OR OTHER SIMILAR BRUSHES," to be as
follows:-
°
This Invention consists of a new and improved mode of manufacturing.
varnish, paint, or other similar brushes, and consists in making the said:
brushes with a new_compressed wire ring and a new and improved

page_text: shaped handle, which is perfectly flat at the sides and straight with the
corresponding part of the ring where the bristles, hair, or fibre are
fixed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Thurston Culmer in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 30th September 1874..
STT
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
THURSTON CULMER, of the Firm of W. Culmer & Sons, Hornsey Road,
in the County of Middlesex, Brush Manufacturers, send greeting.
-
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs, and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said William Thurston Culmer,
Her special licence, that I, the said William Thurston Culmer, my
exccutors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
William Thurston Culmer, my executors, administrators, and assigns
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VARNISH,
PAINT, OR OTHER SIMILAR BRUSHES," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said William Thurston Culmer, my executors or admini-
strators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the-same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent..
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Thurston Culmer, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner-
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement: -
This Invention relates to an improved mode of manufacturing paint,

page_text: varnish, or other brushes used for painting, varnishing, or other similar
purposes.
My said brushes are constructed with a compressed wire ferrule or
ring of equal diameter at each end or opening, the handle having an
improved shape, being flat at both its sides and straight to the corre
sponding part of the compressed wire ferrule or ring where the bristles,
hair, fibre, or fibres are fixed.
In making the said brushes I use an improved block of iron or other
suitable material with holes in it corresponding to the shape of the
handle, and by means of compression and driving power I force the
handle through the bristles, hair, fibre, or fibres, and compressed wire,
ferrule, or ring, thereby making the said wire, ferrule, or ring and
bristles, hair, fibre, or fibres come into a corresponding shape with the
handle. Or I use an improved block of iron or other suitable material
with a raised collar round the hole of the said block, which collar projects
into the inner part of the said compressed wire, ferrule, or ring, while the
compression and driving power is being used upon the said handle, and.
after the said bristles, hair, fibre, or fibres are so fixed I fill the
vacuum or hollow part so left with cement liquid or any like suitable
substance for more firmly securing the said bristles, hair, fibre, or fibres.
Or I can dispense with the block with raised collars round the holes,
and compress, drive, or force the handle through the bristles, hair, fibre,
or fibres, and compressed wire, ferrule, or ring upon a flat surface, block
of iron, or other suitable substance, with a hole of corresponding shape.
to the handle, with or without cement, liquid, or other substance.
My object is to produce a lighter and more convenient brush to the
hand, combined with greater durability.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Thurston Culmer, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of September,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.
WILLIAM THURSTON CULMER. (L.S.)