IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR ARTICLES USED FOR WRITING AND DRAWING AND OTHER PURPOSES, AND IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTICLES TO BE USED FOR WRITING AND DRAWING
Year: 1850

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
MITCHELL, of Great Sutton Street, Clerkenwell, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-fourth day of
June, One thousand eight hundred and fifty, in the fourteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Edward Mitchell, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, Her especial licence,
full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Edward Mitchell, my
exors, adñiors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Edward Mitchell, my
exors, admiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales,
and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FASTENINGS FOR ARTICLES USED FOR WRITING AND DRAWING AND OTHER PURPOSES,
AND IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTICLES TO BE USED FOR WRITING AND DRAWING;" in
which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said Edward
Mitchell, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said In-
vention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same,
reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Edward Mitchell, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thercon
(that is to say):-
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon
(that is to say) —
My Invention consists,
First, of improvements in fastenings for articles used for writing and draw-
ing and other
purposes. And,
Secondly, my Invention consists of improvements in pens for writing and
drawing.
And in order that my Invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the means pursued by me.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shews an interior view of a pen-holder and pen. Figure 2 a side
section of the same. Figure 3 represents the same parts detached, showing
one of my improvements in fastenings for pens used for writing and drawing,
and Figure 4 shews an end view. a is a button fixed on the interior of a pen-
holder, as shewn, for receiving a metal pen, in which a slot 6 is formed; the
larger part of the slot being suitable for passing over the larger part of the
button a, and the smaller part of the slot fits the stem of the button, as
shewn by the Drawing. Figure 5 shews another arrangement for holding
the pen, the parts c being punched in the metal of the holder, in place of
having the button a fixed to the holder, as in the previous arrangement.
And I would here state that I in some cases apply the parts a, c, exterior of
the holder, or the parts a, c, may be on the pens, and the part 6 on the holders.
This part of my Invention consists of the combined means described for
fastening pens into holders, consisting of the parts a, b, c.
b
I will now describe another improvement for fastening pens in pen-holders,
and which is suitable for holding different sizes of pens at different times in
the same holder. Figure 6 shews a section of a pen-holder and pen. Figure 7
shews a section of the metal part of the holder. Figure 8 shews several
views of the interior of the holder. Figure 9 are two views of the adjusting
screw, and Figure 10 shews a section of the nut, and tube which contains the
d is the exterior metal portion of the holder, which is similar to those
heretofore used. e is a lever which presses on the interior of the pen, and by
pressing it between its convex surface and the concave surface of the part d,
pen is held secure. f is an axis on which the lever moves, and in order
nut.
the

page_text: to obtain the desired pressure the spring g is employed, which acting on the
disc h, the same presses constantly on the tail of the lever, as shown; and
in order to adjust the pressure of the spring the adjusting screw 9' is usel,
which causes the spring to be more or less compressed, according as the
5 discs and i are brought nearer to each other; and it is the combining of
the parts e, f, g, h, i, which constitutes this part of my Invention.
I will now describe another part of my Invention.-Figure 11 shews a
section of a pen and pen-holder, partly in section. Figure 12 shews two
views of the pen. Figuro 13 shews three views of the adjusting screw
employed; and Figure 14 shews an end view and section of part of the holder
by which the pen is held, and by which the adjusting of the screw takes place.
jis the pen, which is formed with a button k at the end, by which it is retained
so as to form part of the holder, which holler consists of the tube l, which is
turned inwards at the ends, the turning in at one end being that it may
embrace the stem of the button k. The tube has fixed within it the
screw nut m, which receives the screw n, and between the nut m and
the button k there is a spring o between two discs, as shewn, so that
the spring will be compressed, and act more strongly against the button k,
according as the discs are brought more and more closely together by the
adjusting screw, and the turning of the adjusting screw is effected by its
having flat sides, and by its passing through the end of the tube p, as shown;
and to retain the tube on the tube p, the other end of the tube is turned
into the groove formed in the tube p, as shewn. By this arrangement or
combination of parts the pen will be securely held to the holder, but will at
the same time have a power of movement in varied directions when in use,
the degree of flexibility depending on the degree to which the spring is
compressed. And it is the mode of combining these parts which constitutes
the peculiar character of this part of my Invention.
Another part of my Invention is shewn at Figures 15, 16, and 17, which
differ from the preceding, inasmuch as the pen in this case is of the ordinary.
kind, and is not directly affixed to the holder as in the previous case, but part,
of the holder is fixed to the other part of the holder, with a capability of
movement, the object being to obtain a variable degree of flexibility of move- .
ment, as described with respect to Figures 11, 12, 13, and 14, combined
with a means of fixing the pen either in a straight or inclined position in the;
same holder, as shewn by Figure 15. The part of the holder which receives.
the pen has within it the part q', of the form shewn, and the parts q, q', are
connected to the other parts of the pen-holder in like manner to that described.
in respect to the pen of the previous Figures, And it is the combining, of

page_text: the parts 7, 9', with the other parts of the holder, so as to hold a pen in an
inclined or straight position, with a capability of obtaining an adjustable
flexibility of movement of the parts, which constitutes the peculiar character
of this part of my Invention.
I will now describe another part of my Invention.
Figure 18 shews a section, Figure 19 an interior view of a pen-holder, and
Figure 20 shews a pen suitable for this holder. On the interior of the holder
there is a spring ", which constantly presses forward the disc s within the
tubular part of the holder, which is formed into a hook t at the end, as shewn,
and which hook enters into the hole in the pen formed to receive it. The
pen is introduced into the holder so that the end will enter slightly between
the disc tand the tube, and the hook t will enter the hole in the pen, and the
pen will be pressed outwards by the discs and spring, so that the pen will be
pressed up to the hook t, and thus will the same be securely held between the
hook and the disc t¹. And it is this mode of holding by a hook, disc, and
spring, with the hole in the pen, which constitutes the peculiarity of this part
my Invention.
of
I will now describe another part of my Invention.
Figure 21 shews a section, and Figure 22 an external view of another
arrangement of pen-bolder. In this case there is a hook in the holder,
which hook enters a hole in the pen, and the inner end of the pen is received
within the projection t, as shewn; and it is the mode of holding the pen by
means of the parts t, &, the part entering a hole in the pen, which con-
stitutes the novelty of this part of my Invention.
I will now describe another part of my Invention, which consists of a means
of applying a spring and lever fastening to the cover of an inkstand and other
vessels having like covers, such fastening being similar to the fastening for
pens described in respect to Figure 6.
Figure 23 is a plan, and Figure 24 is a vertical section of an inkstand,
The cover v moves on
having this part of my improvements applied thereto.
an axis as shewn, and the tail, of the lever rests on the part w, which slides
within the tube a, there being a spring below, which constantly presses up-
wards, and thus keeps the cover close shut or open according as the under side
of the tail, or the end surface thereof, is resting on the part w; and it is the
application of such a fastening to inkstands and other vessels which constitutes
this part of my Invention.
I will now describe a modification of this description of fastening to the
purposes of a book clasp.
Figure 25 shews an-interior view, and Figure 26 shews an edge view of the

page_text: same. Figures 27 and 28 show the fastening applied to a book. The object
of this arrangement is to obtain a tendency to the clasp to press inwards when
closed, so as to ensure the holding of the hook part of the clasp. v is the
clasp, which is hinged to the flap as shewn. The one end of the clasp has the
ordinary hook formed thereon; the other end acts as the tail of the lever,
which, as in the previous case, rests on the sliding part w, which is constantly
pressed outwards by the spring w¹, as shewn; and it is the application of a
fastening such as herein described to books which constitutes this part of my
Invention.
I will now describe another part of my Invention, which consists of a
fastening similar to that described for pens in respect to Figures 21, 22, but
made suitable for wrist and other bands or other articles.
.
Figure 29 shews a plan of such a fastening.
Figure 30 shews an edge
view, and Figures 31 & 32 show two like views of the parts of the fastening
separately. a is one of the parts, and b is the other of the parts. The part a
is made with a raised or projecting lip a¹ and hook a, and the part 6 has
simply an opening b¹ for receiving the hook a³. In putting the parts a, b,
together, the edge 2 is placed under the lip a¹ in an inclined position, then
the parts are closed together, so that the hook a² passes through the hole b¹;
then any attempt to pull them apart, so long as they remain parallel, will be
resisted by the hook. Figure 33 shews another fastening very similar to the
preceding, and for like purposes, and which acts similar to that described for
pens in respect to Fig. 18. Figure 34 shows an edge view, and Figures 35
and 36 shew two views of each of the parts a and b. In this case in place of
the edge entering under a lip a¹ formed out of the same metal, there is a
recess formed as shewn enclosing a spring and a sliding piece, which coming
against the edge b, presses it upwards, and forces the hook a² to enter a hook b¹
formed on the plate b; and it is the making of fastenings such as herein
described for elastic and other straps and articles which constitutes this part of
my Invention.
I will now describe another part of my Invention, which consists of a
fastener for holding several sheets of paper, and this fastener depends for its
action like the pen Figure 6, the tail end of the lever resting on a sliding
piece.
Figure 37 shews a side clevation, and Figure 38 a section of this instru-
ment. w is a sliding piece within the tube x, acting on the lever v, the
other end of the lever carrying a pointed wire within a tube a¹, which has
another tube, which slides within it, and which tube covers the pin when
there are no papers under it, and its end is caused to press on the papers by

page_text: a spring contained in the tube 2¹. The whole is carried by a plate A as
shewn, and it is the combining the parts v, w, x, z, z¹, 2, for holding papers
which constitutes this part of my Invention.
I will now describe the second part of my Invention.
Figure 39 shews a pen constructed according to this part of my Invention.
a is the ordinary slit of the pen, which terminates with a hole or slot. b, b,
are two other slits or openings which meet together at c, so as in fact to form
one slit or opening, and the parts of the slit or opening b, b, come near to
but do not cut through the edge of the metal below the shoulders, so that
there will be an elasticity at the points or parts e, e, which will allow of the
nibs bending outwards freely when writing in making the down stroke, whilst
the upper part of the metal between the slits b, b, will be enabled to move
inwards, which will be found very advantageous; metal pens thus formed
offering an elasticity of action not heretofore possessed by metal pens.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself
to the details as herein shewn and described, as the same may be varied, so
long as the peculiar character of any part of my Invention be retained; but
what I claim is,-
First, the improvements in fastenings herein described for articles used for
writing and drawing and other purposes. And,
Secondly, I claim the manufacture of pens herein described for writing and
drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Mitchell, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty.