Improvements in Methods of and Apparatus for Burning Acetylene, and other Rich Gases.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application (in the United Kingdom), 18th Nov., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 15th Aug., 1898-Accepted, 5th Nov., 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Methods of and Apparatus for Burning Acetylene,
and other Rich Gases.
I, ARTHUR CLEVELAND FRASER, of No. 221, Ocean Avenue, Brooklyn, in the State
of New York, United States of America, Solicitor of Patents, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the burning for illuminating purposes of hydrocarbon gases
that are especially rich in carbon, of which gases acetylene is the most conspicuous
example. The difficulty of burning acetylene and other similarly rich gases is well
known.
My invention aims to overcome the difficulties heretofore encountered in burning
acetylene, and to provide a means for producing a smokeless flame, while giving
perfect control over the degree of illumination by enabling the flame to be turned up
or down at will and maintaining equally perfect combustion in either case.
To this end my invention provides for making a mixture of acetylene (or other rich
gas) with air (or oxygen), the admixture taking place in the flame by conducting the
gas and air under equal or proportionate pressures to the burner, and discharging them
therefrom in minute jets which are directed so as to impinge upon one another, and
thereby spread the gas and air into an extremely thin filin of mixed gas and air. The
result in the flame is the same as though a suitable admixture of gas and air were
burned in a fish-tail burner, whereby the gas is supplied with oxygen both from the
air already mixed with it, and from the air surrounding the flame. Hence a most
complete and perfect combustion is ensured, without any danger of explosion.
In one embodiment of my invention I construct each burner with two ducts or
conduits, the one for gas and the other for air, and terminating in jet apertures which
discharge gas and air respectively, and which are directed to impinge at a suitable
angle, as in a fish-tail burner; the two ducts are put into communication through a
suitable cock with two pipes, the one communicating with a source of acetylene gas
and the other with a source of air; these sources may be gas-holders of any suitable
construction, and may contain gas and air under equal pressures, or they may be of
proportionate differences of pressure. Any suitable means may be provided for
introducing acetylene into the gas holder and air under pressure into the air holder.
Their relative pressures may be controlled by properly weighting the bells of the
holders; or a pressure regulator or governor may be interposed at any point in the
system of pipes adapted to lower the pressure in either pipe whenever it shall be in
excess of a proper ratio between the two.

page_text: In another embodiment of my invention I construct the burner with a plurality of
jet apertures, preferably three, of which preferably the two outer ones discharge jets
of air against each other, and the middle one discharges gas in a stream between the
two jets of air.
In practising my invention, I provide two receptacles, one for air and the other for
gas, of any known construction, such as ordinary gasometers. The one for air
receives air from any suitable source as an air pump, or for a railway carriage by
connection with the compressed air cylinder for the air brakes. The gas receptacle
may receive acetylene from any suitable acetylene generator. Outlet pipes lead from
the respective receptacles or holders to separate service pipes for supplying air and
gas to the burners, these pipes being branched to all parts of the building or structure
to be supplied. The burners may be mounted on chandeliers, brackets, or other
fixtures corresponding to existing gas fixtures, except that each has two tubes or ducts
for gas and air respectively, which at the burners terminate in minute jet orifices
directed to throw the jets of gas and air into mutual impingement, a suitable cock
being provided to control both ducts. In the case of a lava-tipped fish-tail burner, the
tip may have air openings or flues entering at right angles to the vertical plane of the
jet orifices. The burner is formed with a tube partitioned to provide two longitudinal
ducts, and the gas fixture or bracket is preferably constructed in like manner, the
several parts of the fixture being joined together through coupling joints provided at
the junctions of the burner, cock, and fixture tube or bracket respectively. Branch
tubes from the main gas and air pipes lead to a coupling communicating with the
base of the fixture. The several couplings are provided with gaskets corresponding
to the cross-section of the tubular parts to be joined, and unions or screw collars
are provided to draw the respective parts together. To prevent rotation of the
parts thus joined or coupled together, the one is formed with projections or
branches protruding through the openings in the gasket and entering into the
ducts in the adjoining part.
The burner may be modified by forming the jet orifices as tapering nozzles screwed
into opposite branches of the burner communicating with the respective gas and air
ducts. Plugs are screwed into these branches in line with the nozzles, by unscrewing
which a plain wire may be thrust through the nozzles to clean them in case of
stoppage. Instead of constructing the burner of a single tube divided by a
partition, it may be constructed of two tubes separately united to the cock and
having their nozzles bent to direct their jets together. The gas fixture or bracket
may be constructed of two distinct tubes instead of a single divided tube. The cock
may have one key or turn plug for simultaneously opening or closing both gas and
air ducts; or it may have two keys or plugs, the one for controlling the air and the
other the gas.
Or a single plug may be provided having orifices of different sizes, so
that in closing it shall cut off the gas first and then the air, this latter construction
being best applied in connection with a tri-jet burner. With a bi-jet burner,
pressures of gas and air should be equal; but with a tri-jet burner, the pressures
supplying the two outer jets being necessarily equal, that supplying the intermediate
jet may be of lower pressure.
As ineans for maintaining equal or proportional pressures in gas and air pipe
systems, I may if the air and gas are taken from gasometers, regulate their
relative pressures by weighting the bells thereof more or less. The inlet pipes
supplying the respective gasometers should be provided with valves adapted to
restrict the admission as the floating bells rise. A cone valve terminating in a
liquid seal is suitable. In case of leakage through such valve when the bell is
fully raised, an automatic escape valve may be provided to discharge the surplus
pressure.
Thus an upright escape tube enclosed within the bell may be normally
capped by a light valve or bell suspended within the bell, preferably from one arm
of a lever hung centrally from the bell, and to the other arin of which is hung the
inlet valve, so that as the bell ascends until the inlet valve is closed, any further
ascent tilts the lever and lifts the small bell out of the sealing water, thus permitting
air or gas to escape through the outlet pipe.

page_text: I also introduce a pressure regulator to maintain pressures of equal ratio in the gas
or air pipes. This consists of two small gasometers, the floating bells of which are
connected together through a scale beam suspended at its middle from a chain
carried over pulleys to a counterweight. If either bell rises faster than the other, its
weight is partially lifted from one arm of the beam, and the latter tends to
correspondingly lower the other bell. Within the bells are suspended inlet valves
closing the admission as the valves ascend. The bells are weighted according as the
Other constructions of pressure
pressures are desired to be equal or unequal.
equalizers or governors may be applied, such for example as those operating by means
of a flexible diaphragm receiving the gas on one side and the air on the other, and
governing by its movements the areas of admission for gas and air.
My invention is applicable for burning not only acetylene but other hydrocarbon
gases which are exceptionally rich in carbon. Instead of air, oxygen more or less
pure may be used.
Attempts have been made to utilize a jet of acetylene issuing under pressure from
an orifice to draw air with it inductively into a mixing chamber or passage, thereby
effecting a suitable admixture of gas and air before reaching the burner tip. This
known system may be applied in connection with my invention by causing the gas
jet and air jet respectively to traverse each an injector passage, and thereby draw air
inductively into the respective jets before the jets are caused to impinge upon each
other. In this way the proportion of air in the flame may be increased.
November 1807
Improvements in Methods of and Apparatus for Burning Acetylene
and other Rich Gases.
I, ARTHUR CLEVELAND FRASER, of No. 221, Ocean Avenue, Brooklyn, in the City
and State of New York, United States of America, Solicitor of Patents, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to the burning for illuminating purposes of hydrocarbon
gases that are especially rich in carbon, of which gases acetylene is the most con-
spicuous example. The difficulty of burning acetylene and other similarly rich gases
is well known.
My invention aims to overcome the difficulties heretofore encountered in burning
acetylene, and to provide a means for producing a smokeless flame, while giving
perfect control over the degree of illumination by enabling the flame to be turned
up or down at will and maintaining equally perfect combustion in either case.
To this end my invention provides for making a mixture of acetylene (or other
rich gas) with air (or oxygen), the admixture taking place in the flame by conducting
the gas and air under equal or proportionate pressures to the burner, and discharging
them therefrom in minute jets which are directed so as to impinge upon one another,
and thereby spread the gas and air into an extremely thin film of mixed gas and
air. By this means I attain not only the advantages of the fish-tail burner in
spreading the gas into so thin a filmn as to afford a large surface for contact with the
surrounding air, but I also attain the same advantage as if the acetylene and air were
previously mixed together, while avoiding the danger that is inseparable therefrom of
forming an explosive mixture in the storage vessels and pipes. The result in the

page_text: flame is the same as though a suitable admixture of gas and air were burned in a fish-
tail burner, whereby the gas is supplied with oxygen both from the air already mixed
with it, and from the air surrounding the flame. Hence a most complete and perfect
combustion is ensured, without any danger of explosion.
In one embodiment of my invention I construct each burner with two ducts or
conduits, the one for gas and the other for air, and terminating in jet. apertures which
discharge gas and air respectively, and which are directed to impinge at a suitable
angle, as in a fish-tail burner; the two ducts are put into communication through a
suitable cock with two pipes, the one communicating with a source of acetylene gas
and the other with a source of air; these sources may be gas-holders of any suitable
construction, and may contain gas and air under equal pressures, or they may be of pro-
portionate differences of pressure. Any suitable means may be provided for intro-
ducing acetylene into the gas holder and air under pressure into the air holder.
Their relative pressures may be controlled by properly weighting the bells of the
holders; or a pressure regulator or governor may be interposed at any point in the
system of pipes adapted to lower the pressure in either pipe whenever it shall be in
excess of a proper ratio between the two.
In another embodiment of my invention I construct the burner with a plurality of
jet apertures, preferably three, of which preferably the two outer ones discharge jets
of air against each other, and the middle one discharges gas in a stream between the
two jets of air.
An important advantage resulting from my improved burner is that the burner tip
is kept cool by the jet or jets of air, so that it is kept below the igniting temperature
of the acetylene, and the carbonization of the latter so as to choke its jet orifice is
prevented. In fact the issuing jet or jets of air serve to cool the acetylene and pre-
vent its quickly rising to igniting temperature, with the result that the gas does not
ignite immediately at the nozzle, but its ignition occurs at some distance beyond the
burner tip. Especially with a tri-jet burner is the gas efficiently cooled between the
two converging jets of air, which serve to blow the flame away from the burner tip,
thus preventing the gas from igniting at or close to the jet orifice.
I will now proceed to describe certain embodiments of my invention as illustrated
in the accompanying drawings, wherein,
Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation illustrating the entire system;
Fig. 2 is a vertical mid-section on a magnified scale of the burner and controlling
cock;
Fig. 3 is a fragmentary elevation partly in vertical mid-section showing the
connection between the gas fixture and the gas and air pipes;
Fig. 4 is a cross-section of Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is a vertical section of the burner in a plane at right angles to Fig. 2;
Fig. 6 is a transverse section of the burner on the lines 6-6 in Figs. 2 and 5;
Fig. 7 is a plan of the gasket or packing washer used at the connecting joints;
Fig. 8 is a perspective view showing one of these connecting joints, for example the
upper end of the cock in Fig. 2;
Fig. 9 is a plan of Fig. 8;
Fig. 10 is a cross-section of the gas fixture on the line 10-10. in Fig. 3;
Fig. 11 is a similar cross-section showing a modification;
Figs. 12 and 13 are vertical sections showing the gas holder in two positions;
Fig. 14 is a detail of the regulating valve thereof on a larger scale;
Fig. 15 is a vertical mid-section of the pressure governor or regulator;
Fig. 16 is a sectional elevation of a modified construction of burner;
Fig. 17 shows a still further inodification of burner with its cock and supply
pipes;
Fig. 18 is a sectional elevation of another construction of burner constituting a
further feature of my invention;
°
Fig. 19 is a section showing a cock adapted for the burner of Fig. 18.
I will first describe my invention with reference to Figs. 1 to 10 inclusive.

page_text: In practising my invention, I provide two receptacles, A and B, the one for air and
the other for gas, of any known construction, such as ordinary gasometers. The
as ав air
one (A) for air receives air by pipe a from any suitable source
pump, or for a railway carriage by connection with the compressed air cylinder for
the air brakes. The gas receptacle (B) may receive acetylene by pipe b from any
suitable acetylene generator. Outlet pipes c and d lead from the respective receptacles
or holders to separate service pipes C and D for supplying air and gas to the burners,
these pipes being branched to all parts of the building or structure to be supplied.
The burners ee may be mounted on chandeliers, brackets, or other fixtures E E'
etc., corresponding to existing gas fixtures, except that each has two tubes or ducts
for gas and air respectively, which at the burners terminate in minute jet orifices
directed to throw the jets of gas and air into mutual impingement, a suitable
cock f being provided to control both ducts.
I have shown in Fig. 1 a variety of gas fixtures or burners in connection with
the system. The bracket E is an ordinary wall bracket, the details of which are
shown in Figs. 2 to 10. The fixture E¹ is an ordinary chandelier hung from the
ceiling, the construction of which may be essentially the same as that of the bracket.
The burner E2 is constructed with two small tubes branched from the respective gas
and air pipes C and D, and drawn at their ends into tips having minute jet orifices,
and bent to throw the jets of gas and air into mutual impingement, the cock f being
introduced to control both tubes or ducts. The burner E3 is of the same construction
as last described, except that the two small tubes are kept distinct, and are provided
with separate cocks f¹.
Referring to Figs. 2 to 10, the burner e is shown as a lava-tip fish-tail burner which
in the main is of usual construction, but differs from ordinary burners in that its
tube is divided by a partition e¹ into two channels or ducts for gas and air respectively.
The two jet orifices ii communicate with these ducts, and are directed toward each
other in order to throw their jets together in the manner common to fish-tail burners.
I also by preference construct a burner tip with air openings or flues jj entering in
a plane at right angles to the vertical plane intersecting the jet orifices i, as shown
in Fig. 5, the purpose of these air ducts being to promote a circulation of outer air
to meet the base of the flame, and thereby effect its combustion, and tend to keep
the tip cool. The gas-cock f is similar to any ordinary gas-cock, except that it has
two ducts or passages through it instead of one, these communicating with ducts on
opposite sides of the partition e¹. The plug f2 is formed with two openings commu-
nicating with the two ducts, in order to turn the gas and air on and off simultaneously.
A gas fixture tube F leading from the base of the fixture at the wall, is formed with
two ducts or conduits in similar manner to the burner. Its construction may be as
shown in cross-section in Fig. 10, which is well known in the gas-fitters art; or two
In either case there
half-round tubes may be joined together, as shown in Fig. 11.
is formed a gas duct k, leading completely through the fixture to the burner tip, and
an air duct extending parallel with it. The tube F is secured to the wall through
the medium of any suitable fixture, such as a bracket G having feet which are screwed
to the wall, and having a projecting hub into which the tube F may be screwed or
otherwise fastened thereto. The gas and air pipes D and C being carried up through
the wall in the usual manner, connection is made between them and the divided
A connection piece H is
tube F, preferably in the manner shown in Figs. 3 and 4.
drawn by screws m m or other means against the end of the tube F, and is formed
with passages through it which communicate with the ducts k and respectively, nipples
kand being screwed into it into communication with these passages, and similar
nipples and 2 are screwed into the pipes D and C, the respective pairs of nipples
being connected together by short lengths of pipe n for the gas, and n¹ for the air,
as shown. These pipes n n¹ may be of lead, and be soldered at their ends to the
nipples, etc. Thus a complete double conduit is formed from the air and gas
pipes respectively through the fixture and cock to the respective jet orifices i
the burner.
of

page_text: For assembling the parts of the fixture, I have devised a construction which I
will now describe. Obviously the burner e and tube F being subdivided, cannot
be joined to the base of the fixture or to the cock by screwing them together, as no
assurance would be given that a tight joint would be made with the dividing parti-
tion, or that the last turn of the screw would leave the respective ducts in proper
uninterrupted communication. Accordingly I provide for drawing the parts together
by a union or coupling without any rotation of the parts to be joined. Taking for
example the joint between the burner e and the cock f, I form the burner with its
lower end cut off in a true plane, and the upper end of the cock I construct as best
shown in Fig. 8, with a tubular flange p projecting from it of such size as to enter
within the burner, and cut away on diametrically opposite sides at p¹ to admit the
middle partition e¹ of the burner. I form the gasket or packing washer q of the shape
shown in Fig. 7, and place this on the top of the cock with its middle part lying in
the notches p', the top of the cock being preferably recessed to confine the gasket.
By placing the burner on the top of the cock, its middle partition must be brought
into the notches p¹ to correctly seat it, and when seated its lower end lies in true
contact with the gasket q, whereupon a threaded ring or union is dropped down
over the burner, and screwed down on threads formed on the cock, until its neck
engages and draws down a bead or flange 1 formed on the burner, whereby the burner
is forced down firmly against the gasket, and a perfectly tight joint is made.
flange p might be made of any desired height or degree of projection. Exactly the
same construction is shown for the joint between the bottom of the cock and the tube
F, except that the flange on the tube engaged by the union is not a bead, but is
constructed as a separate ring 2 screwed thereon (or it may be soldered or otherwise
united thereto). A further example of the same construction is shown at the joint
between the tube F and the connection pieces H, except that instead of the parts
being drawn together by a union r, they are drawn together by screws m m passing
through the hub of the bracket G, and screwing into threaded ears on the piece H.
The same gasket q is used and the same projections p, except that these latter are
here shown as considerably longer, in order to penetrate further into the ducts kl.
The projections p are not necessarily formed as a flange with diametrically opposite
notches p¹ separating them, but this is the most convenient construction. Any
other construction of projections adapted to enter the respective ducts and to insure
the correct placing of the subdivided tube with respect to the part of the gas
fixture to which it is to be united, would be equivalent thereto.
The
The burner may be modified (see Fig. 16) by forming the jet orifices as tapering
nozzles 8 8 screwed into opposite branches of the burner communicating with the
respective gas and air ducts. Plugs 8181 are screwed into these branches in line with
the nozzles, by unscrewing which a fine wire may be thrust through the nozzles to
clean them in case of stoppage. This construction of burner has the advantages of
leaving ample space for the access of outer air to the flame; and of exposing the
minimum of heat conducting material in the proximity of the flaine, since the
nozzles 8 being very minute, expose so little of the mass near the flame as to be but
slightly heated thereby, and have so large a radiating surface remote from the flame
that the heat they take up is rapidly given off to the air, so that the burner is kept
very cool, and the polymerization of the acetylene in the jet orifice which is due to
its exposure to heat while passing through said orifice, (and to which the choking of
this orifice by carbonization is believed to be due) is reduced to the minimum.
Instead of constructing the burner of a single tube divided by a partition, it may
be constructed (see Fig. 17) of two tubes 82 82 separately united to the cock and
having their nozzles 88 bent to direct their jets together.
The gas fixture or bracket may be constructed of two distinct tubes instead of a
single divided tube. In Fig. 17, two tubes F1 F1 are employed, their ends being
coned and ground to fit coned ducts in the cock, and being forced into tight engage-
ment therewith by a screw t and yoke t¹.
The cock may have one key or turn plug for simultaneously opening or closing

page_text: both gas and air duets (Figs. 2 and 17); or it may have two keys or plugs (Fig. 18),
the one f³ for controlling the air and the other ♬ the gas.
The outer nozzles may conduct gas and the inner one air, but I prefer the reverse
arrangement as indicated. The outer nozzles communicate with the branched
burner shell similarly to Fig. 16, except that both branches form part of the one
duct for air, while the middle nozzle communicates with an inner tube u, the bore
of which forms the gas duct k. The burner e screws to the top of the cock f, the
inner and outer tubes of the burner being preferably threaded with like pitch, so
that they screw down simultaneously. With this burner, a constant inflow of air
may be maintained independently of the rate of admission of gas. The light may
be regulated by admitting more or less gas by means of the gas cock f, while the
volume of air may either continue at its maximum, or may be adjusted in greater or
less proportion to the variations in the volume of gas. Thus with the most minute
flame, the gas is seized between two jets of air and flattened out into an extremely
thin film, in which it becomes thoroughly commingled with the air, so that
absolutely perfect and smokeless combustion is afforded, no matter what may be the
size of the flame. This form of burner tip assures the commingling with the gas
in the flame of double the proportion of air provided for by the constructions
previously described, (assuming equal pressures and equal area to the two jet
orifices). This construction of burner also permits of using the air under higher
pressure than the gas, whereas the previously described burners require an approxi-
inate balance of pressure of the two converging jets of air and gas. In this triplex
burner, the outer jets balance each other, being necessarily under the same pressure,
and the only essential requirement as to pressure is that the pressure of the middle
or gas jet shall not be so great relatively to the air jets as to prevent the latter from
forming a flat and thin film. With this burner, all means for controlling the flow
of air may be omitted, and the air be permitted to blow through the nozzles at all
times, as the amount thereby wasted is very minute, and would not involve prohibi-
tive expense.
I prefer, however, to construct the burner for simultaneous control of both the air and
gas. To this end, I employ the construction of cock shown in Fig. 19, in connection
with the burner shown in Fig. 18. The plug f5 of the cock has two ports k³ and l³
communicating respectively with ducts and l. The port k³ is made of small area
compared with the port 13, in order both that the latter may admit a greater flow of
air, and that in closing it shall cut off the air subsequent to the cutting off of the
gas by the port k³. It results from this construction that the flame is regulated by
varying the amount of gas, the air not being reduced until the flaine is cut down
nearly to the minimum; but upon turning off the gas by turning the plug ports
horizontally, the air is also turned off and a waste of air prevented.
From the foregoing, it will be understood that with a bi-jet burner the air and
gas should be kept under as nearly as possible equal pressures; while with a tri-jet
burner the pressures may be equal or unequal, though it is preferable that the gas
be under less pressure than the air, and that a certain definite ratio of pressures be
maintained. The equal pressures are preferable because in the event of a minute
leak in any of the joints, or in any compound or two-duct tubes, there will be no
flow through the leak such as with unequal pressures might possibly result in the
formation of an explosive mixture on the side of lesser pressure; with equal pressures,
the amount of diffusion that would occur through such a small leak would be
infinitesimal.
As means for maintaining equal or proportional pressures in the gas and air pipe
systems, may if the air and gas are taken from gasometers (as A and B, Fig. 1)
regulate their relative pressures by weighting the bells thereof more or less, as by
weights Fig. 1. The inlet pipes supplying the respective gasometers may be
provided with valves adapted to restrict the admission as the floating bells rise, as
shown in Figs. 12 and 13. A cone valve v working through a seat vl and terminating
in a liquid seal 2 (Fig. 14) is suitable. In case of leakage through such valve when
the bell is fully raised, an automatic escape valve may be provided to discharge the

page_text: surplus pressure. Thus an upright escape tube y (Figs. 12 and 13) enclosed within
the bell may be normally capped by a light valve or bell w suspended within the bell,
preferably from one arm of a lever w' hung centrally from the bell, and to the other
arm of which is hung the inlet valve v, so that as the bell ascends until the inlet
valve is closed, any further ascent tilts the lever w¹ and lifts the small bell w out
of the sealing water, thus permitting air or gas to escape through the relief
pipe y.
I also introduce a pressure regulator (H, Fig. 1) to maintain pressures of equal
ratio in the gas or air pipes. This consists of two small gasometers (Fig. 15) the
floating bells 1 1¹ of which are connected together through a scale beam J suspended
at its middle from a chain carried over pulleys to a counterweight. If either bell
rises faster than the other, its weight is partially lifted from one arm of the beam,
and the latter tends to correspondingly lower the other bell. Within the bells are
suspended inlet valves closing the admission as the valves ascend. The bells are
weighted according as the pressures are desired to be equal or unequal. Other
constructions of pressure equalizers or governors may be applied, such for example
as those operating by means of a flexible diaphragm receiving the gas on one side
and the air on the other, and governing by its movements the areas of admission for
gas and air.
My invention is applicable for burning not only acetylene but other hydrocarbon
gases which are exceptionally rich in carbon. Instead of air, oxygen more or less
pure may be used.
Attempts have been made to utilize a jet of acetylene issuing under pressure from
an orifice to draw air with it inductively into a mixing chamber or passage, thereby
effecting a suitable admixture of gas and air before reaching the burner tip. This
known system may be applied in connection with my invention by causing the gas
jet and air jet respectively to traverse each an injector passage, and thereby draw air
inductively into the respective jets before the jets are caused to impinge upon each
other. In this way the proportion of air in the flame may be increased.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. The described mode of burning acetylene by mixing it with a jet of air in
such manner that the gas is kept below its igniting temperature until its jet has
passed away from the burner tip.
2. The described mode of burning acetylene by directing minute jets of gas and
air together at such angle as to spread them into a thin film of mixed gas and air
which being ignited burns beyond the burner tip.
3. The described means of burning acetylene by directing minute and equal jets
of gas and air together under equal pressures, at such angle as to spread them into
a thin film of mixed gas and air.
4. The described means of burning acetylene by directing a jet of gas between
two converging jets of air meeting at such angle as to spread them into a thin film
of mixed gas and air.
5. The described means of burning acetylene by directing a jet of gas between two
converging jets of air of such force as to blow the flame away from the burner tip.
6. The described burner for acetylene, being a fish-tail burner the two jet-orifices
of which are fed the one from a source of gas and the other from a source of air, in
essentially the manner specified.
7. The described means for burning acetylene comprising converging jets at the
burner, sources of gas and air under pressure, ducts leading therefrom to said jets
respectively, and means for governing the pressures of gas and air to maintain them
in uniform ratio, essentially as specified.
8. A two-jet burner, sources of acetylene gas and air feeding the jets respectively,
and means for maintaining the gas and air under equal pressures essentially, as
specified.

page_text: 9. As a means for maintaining the gas and air under equal or proportionate
pressures, a governor interposed between the sources of gas and air and the burner,
operating in essentially the manner specified.
10. The described burner for acetylene, having three jet orifices and two ducts,
two orifices converging and fed by one duct, and the other orifice fed by the other
duct and directing its jet between said converging jets, essentially as specified.
11. The tri-jet burner of Claim 10 having a cock adapted to close the gas-duct in
advance of the air-duct, to maintain an excess of air while governing the flame by
regulating the flow of gas, essentially as specified.
12. An acetylene gas fixture comprising a divided tube forming gas and air ducts,
means for connecting the respective ducts thereof with separate gas and air pipes, a
burner divided into gas and air ducts, an intervening cock having corresponding
ducts, and means for coupling said parts together, essentially as specified.
13. In an acetylene gas fixture, a joint for coupling a subdivided tube to a
communicating part having corresponding ducts, comprising projections p on said
part adapted to project into the subdivisions of the tube, an interposed gasket having
a middle part corresponding to the subdivision of the tube, and screwthreaded means
for drawing said part and tube together against said gasket, essentially as specified.
14. In an acetylene gas fixture, the several novel features of construction described
with reference to Figs. 2 to 9 inclusive.
15. The described system of burning acetylene, comprising a series of burners
having two ducts for gas and air and converging jet-orifices therefrom, a source of
gas under pressure, a source of air under pressure, gas and air supply pipes leading
from said sources respectively and branching to the respective burners, and means
for governing the pressures of gas and air transmitted through said pipes to the
burners to maintain them in uniform ratio, to the effect specified.
D
Ant 1000
J. C. MEWBURN & ELLIS,
55 and 56, Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agents.