Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 12th July, 1887
Complete Left, 8th Oct., 1887
Complete Accepted, 13th Jan., 1888
I, WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON, F.C.S. M.I.M.E. of the Agency for Foreign Patent
Solicitors 6, Lord Street, Liverpool and 6, Bank Street Manchester, both in the
County of Lancaster, and 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
:―
The invention relates to the class of apparatus employed for producing alternate
electric currents.
The object of the invention is to provide a simple form of machine for producing
alternating electric currents. Certain features of the invention are applicable to other
forms of generators than those delivering alternate currents.
The invention involves many details of construction relating to the frame work of
the machine, the bed-plate upon which it rests, a device for adjusting the position of
the frame upon the bed-plate for the purpose of modifying the tension of the driving
belt, the construction of the field-magnet and the pole-pieces, the mounting of the
armature and various other details which will be described in connection with the
accompanying drawings.
The bed-plate upon which the machine rests is formed of a single piece of cast iron,
and in form is rectangular, having lateral projections upon which the bearings for the
armature rest. These bearings constitute portions of a casting which comprises the
lower half of the field-magnet plate for. the machine. This casting rests upon the bed-
plate and is held in position by belts passing through slots in the bed-plate. The
position of the casting, and thus of the entire machine, upon the bed-plate, may thus
be adjusted, since the bolts may move along in the slots. For the purpose of readily
adjusting this position, a sprocket wheel is carried upon a shaft, extending through
and bearing in one end of the bed-plate. This shaft is held in position by collars,
and is threaded at its end and turns in a nut in the casting. By turning the sprocket-
Price 8d.1

page_text: wheel in one direction or the other the position of the machine is readily modified.
This is of advantage when several machines are belted to a single shaft, for the reason
that it is desirable to adjust the tension of the belts of the machine.
For the purpose of allowing the machine to be moved easily upon the bed plate,
the casting is constructed with flanges or webs, which rest upon corresponding rails
formed upon the bed-plate; webs or lugs are formed upon the bed-plate for guiding
the webs.
The casting is designed to contain approximately half of the core-projections. The
remainder of the projections are carried by another section constituting the upper
portion of the field-magnet frame. Formerly it has been proposed to cast the entire
frame in one piece. Such construction, however, is disadvantageous, for the reason
that it is impossible to remove the armature without first removing the bearings and
supports for one end of the armature.
By constructing the upper half separately, this half may be removed and the
armature lifted from its bearings. The two parts are bolted together. The cores may
be formed integral with the field-magnet frame, and then be of cast iron, but it is
preferred to make them of wrought iron and to secure them in position by means of
bolts or screws. The inner ends of these pole-pieces or cores are constructed with
re-entrant curves having a radius approximately the same as that of the armature.
The edges of the of the pole-pieces are preferably curved away from the armature, for
the purpose of preventing a bunching of the lines of force.
The coils of the field magnet are wound in any suitable manner and slipped over
the pole-pieces or cores and are held in position by screws. This construction permits
any coil to be removed by simply removing the screws from that particular core
provided the armature is not in position.
When the wrought iron cores are used, the coils are placed upon them before they
are placed in the frame and they may therefore be readily taken out without removing
the armature. The armature consists of successive plates of thin rolled iron placed
side by side and separated from each other by non-magnetic material. The laminae
of non-magnetic material are preferably thin sheets of paper pasted or glued to the
plates. In building the armature, large sheets or discs of thin rolled soft iron are
first covered with paper upon one side, and then stamped out to the required size and
shape. Each plate is preferably constructed with a number of holes, for the purpose
of ventilation, and with a central hole which is designed to receive the shaft of the
machine. The plates thus prepared are laid against each other, the paper surface of
one plate lying upon the exposed surface of the next plate, and so on. The holes
correspond in position so that the entire armature has a number of holes passing
entirely through it. The alternate plates may have holes of different sizes and thus
expose a large amount of surface for radiating heat.
The plates are bound against each other and held in position by end-plates or rings
of considerable thickness. Reinforcing plates are applied outside the end plates or
rings.
The entire armature is clamped upon the armature-shaft by a collar and nut. Holes
corresponding to the holes in thin plates of the armature are formed in the end plates,
although they may with advantage be of less diameter, for the purpose of leaving the
end plates as stiff as possible.
For the purpose of forcing the air through the armature end-plates are employed.
The plate at one end of the armature is fastened to the armature at its centre but
flares outward toward the edge, leaving a space about the opening. Division walls
preferably intervene between the openings. A plate is fastened to the other end of
the armature at its outer edge, and stands out from the central portion. Air is
admitted through an opening of greater diameter than the shaft left at the centre of
the plate. The two plates thus combine to force constant currents of air through the
interior of the armature when the machine is in operation. A plate preferably covers
the outer portion of the end of the armature carrying the end plate.
The coils are wound upon the armature-surface in the following manner. Non-
magnetic plates, or strips, are secured to its periphery and at the ends of these plates,

page_text: overhanging non-magnetic clips or plates are secured to the sides of the armature.
The coils are then wound across the face and around the sides of the armature, thus
surrounding the strips and passing under the ends of the plates, filling up the spaces
between the strips. In practice it is found that one or two layers of wire thus applied
give very satisfactory results. For the purpose of shielding the wire from the edge
of the plates, and also avoiding the necessity of bringing the binding plates to the
outer edge of the armature, rings are placed at the edges of the armature and flush
with its periphery. The corners of these rings are rounded off to prevent too sharp
an angle in the wire. The rings, and likewise the plates and strips are preferably
of vulcanized fibre, or other suitable non-magnetic and non-conducting material.
It is sometimes desirable to cover the wire at the ends of the armature with a non-
conducting protective covering and therefore the clips may be made in two parts, so that
the overhanging portion may be temporarily removed after the armature is wound
while a plate or sheet of fibre, for instance is placed upon the wires.
Thin sheets of mica cover the surface of the armature to better iusulate the wire
therefrom, and after the wire is wound in position the entire surface is covered with
mica or other suitable insulating material. In this manner the wire of the armature-
coils is entirely encased and thoroughly insulated from surrounding objects and
protected. Mica is especially advantageous for the reason that it is not affected by
heat and moisture. Belts of wire are preferably wound upon the face of the armature,
to securely bind the parts in position.
The precise method of winding the wire upon the armature may be variously
modified.
The bearings which it is preferred to use for the armature, are ball bearings, for
these serve to centre the machine automatically. They are constructed with the
bearing surface in the portions of the casting, and are covered by sections screwed or
bound in position by screws or bolts. By removing these sections and the casting,
the shaft may be lifted from the bearings. Suitable oil cups are provided, and preferably
drip cups are provided with pipes leading to receiving tanks, into which the oil
escapes as it passes from the bearings. To prevent the oil which may overflow from
the cups, from running down upon the cominutator brushes and brush-holders, wide
cups or pans surround the pipes into which the cups are screwed. These serve to
catch the oil and from them it escapes through pipes or tubes into the tube.
The ball bearings are conveniently constructed by making the ball-bushes separate
from the casting or split bushes. The tube or pipe then extends through the upper
section of the split bush and into the section of the ball-bush; in this manner it.
serves to prevent the ball-bushes from revolving.
Dated this 11th dow of July 1887
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: A communication from abroad by GEORGE WESTINGHOUSE, Junior, of Pittsburg, County
of Alleghany, State of Pennsylvania, United States of America, Engineer.
I WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON, F.C.S. M.I.M.E. of the Agency for Foreign
Patent Solicitors 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, and 6, Bunk Street, Manchester
both in the County of Lancaster, and 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
The invention relates to the class of apparatus employed for producing alternate
electric currents.
The object of the invention is to provide a simple form of machine for producing
alternating electric currents. Certain features of the invention are applicable to other
forms of generators than those delivering alternate currents.
The invention involves many details of construction relating to the frame work of
the machine, the bed-plate upon which it rests, a device for adjusting the position of
the frame upon the bed-plate for the purpose of modifying the tension of the driving
belt, the construction of the field-magnet and the pole-pieces, the mounting of the
armature and various other details which will be described in connection with the
accompanying Drawings.
In the Drawings, Figure 1 is a transverse section of the machine, and Figure 2 is
a side view of the same. Figure 3 is a plan of the bed-plate; Figure 4 is an enlarged
section of the armature; Figure 5 is an enlarged end view of the armature, partly in
section.
rest.
Referring to the Figures, A represents the bed-plate upon which the machine rests.
This bed-plate is formed of a single piece of cast iron, and in form is rectangular,
having lateral projections al and a* upon which the bearings A', A' for the armature
These bearings constitute portions of a casting B₁ which comprises the lower
half of the field-magnet plate for the machine. This casting rests upon the bed-plate
and is held in position by belts 61, 6 passing through slots in the bed-plate. The
position of the casting, and thus of the entire machine, upon the bed-plate, may thus
be adjusted, since the bolts may move along in the slots. For the purpose of readily
adjusting this position, a sprocket-wheel C is carried upon a shaft c, extending through
and bearing in one end of the bed-plate A. This shaft is held in position by
collars c¹, c², and is threaded at its end and turns in a nut c³ in the casting B¹. By
turning the sprocket-wheel in one direction or the other the position of the machine is
readily modified. This is of advantage when several machines are belted to a single
shaft, for the reason that it is desirable to adjust the tension of the belts of each machine.
For the purpose of allowing the machine to be moved easily upon the bed-plate, the
casting B' is constructed with flanges or webs 6,64 and 63, 6, which rest upon corre-
sponding rails formed upon the bed-plate; webs or lugs a³, a, are formed upon the
bed-plate for guiding the webs b*, bª.

page_text: The casting B' is designed to contain approximately half of the core-projections f,f.
The remainder of the projections are carried by another section B2 constituting the
upper portion of the field-magnet frame. Formerly it has been proposed to cast the
entire frame in one piece. Such construction, however, is disadvantageous, for
the reason that it is impossible to remove the armature without first removing the
bearings and supports for one end of the armature.
By constructing the upper half separately, this half may be removed and the armature
lifted from its bearings. The two parts are bolted together as shown at f¹¹. The
cores may be formed integral with the field-magnet frame and then be of cast iron,
but it is preferred to make them of wrought iron and to secure them in position by
means of bolts or screws f³, f³. The inner ends of these pole-pieces or cores are
constructed with re-entrant curves having a radius approximately the same as that of
the armature. The edges of the pole-pieces are preferably curved away from the
armature, for the purpose of preventing a bunching of the lines of force.
The coils of the field-magnet are wound in any suitable manner and slipped over
the pole-pieces or cores and are held in position by screws g. This construction
permits any coil to be removed by simply removing the screws from that particnlar
core provided the armature is not in position.
When the wrought iron cores are used, the coils are placed upon them before they
are placed in the frame and they may therefore be readily taken out without removing
the armature. The armature consists of successive plates of thin rolled iron placed
side by side and separated from each other by non-magnetic material. In the
drawing h, h, represent the thin plates, and 1, 2, the laminae of non-magnetic
material. These latter are preferably thin sheets of paper pasted or glued to the
plates. In building the armature, large sheets or discs of thin rolled soft iron are
first covered with paper upon one side, and then stamped out to the required size and
shape. Each plate is preferably constructed with a number of holes i, i, for the
purpose of ventilation, and with a central hole which is designed to receive the shaft
of the machine. The plates thus prepared are laid against each other, the paper
surface of one plate lying upon the exposed surface of the next plate, and so on.
holes i, i, correspond in position so that the entire armature has a number of holes
passing entirely through it. The alternate plates may have holes of different sizes and
thus expose a large amount of surface for radiating heat.
The
The plates are bound against each other and held in position by end plates or
rings K, K¹, of considerable thickness. Reinforcing plates T', and T2, are applied
outside the plates K¹, K¹.
The entire armature is clamped upon the armature-shaft K by a collar K³ and
nut K³. Holes corresponding to the holes i, are formed in the end plates, although
they may with advantage be of less diameter, for the purpose of leaving the end plates
as stiff as possible.
For the purpose of forcing the air through the armature, end-plates t and t³ are
employed. The plate t at one end of the armature is fastened to the armature at its
centre but flares outward toward the edge, leaving a space about the opening k.
Division walls t', t¹, preferably intervene between the openings. The plate t is fastened
to the other end of the armature at its outer edge, and stands out from the central
portion. Air is admitted through an opening of greater diameter than the shaft left
at the centre of the plate. The two plates thus combine to force constant currents of
air through the interior of the armature when the machine is in operation. A plate T
preferably covers the outer portion of the end of the armature carrying the
plate t.
The coils are wound upon the armature-surface in the following manner. Non-
magnetic plates, or strips m, m, are secured to its periphery and at the ends of these
plates, overhanging non-magnetic clips or plates m³, m³, are secured to the sides of the
armature. The coils are then wound across the face and around the sides of the
armature, thus surrounding the strips m and passing under the ends of the plates m³,
filling up the the spaces between the strips. In practice it is found that one or two
layers of wire thus applied give very satisfactory results. For the purpose of shielding

page_text: the wire from the edge of the plates, and also avoiding the necessity of bringing the
binding plates to the outer edge of the armature, rings o¹, o, are placed at the edges
of the armature and flush with its periphery. The corners of these rings are rounded
off to prevent too sharp an angle in the wire. The rings o¹, 0, and likewise the
plates m and strips m are preferably of vulcanized fibre, or other suitable non-
magnetic and non-conducting material.
It is sometimes desirable to cover the wire at the ends of the armature with a non-
conducting protective covering and therefore the clips m' may be made in two parts
as shown in Figure 4, so that the overhanging portion m³, may be temporarily removed
after the armature is wound while a plate or sheet of fibre, for instance, is placed upon
the wires.
Thin sheets of mica i cover the surface of the armature to better insulate the wire
therefrom, and after the wire is wound in position the entire surface is covered with
mica or other suitable insulating material. In this manner the wire of the armature-
coils is entirely encased and thoroughly insulated from surrounding objects and
protected. Mica is especially advantageous for the reason that is not affected by heat
and moisture. Belts of wire ¹ are preferably wound upon the face of the armature,
to securely bind the parts in position.
The precise method of winding the wire upon the armature may be variously
modified.
The bearings which it it preferred to use for the armature, are ball bearings, for
these serve to centre the machine automatically. They are constructed with the
bearing surface in the portions A1, A2, of the casting, and are covered by sections a³, a,.
screwed or bound in position by screws or bolts 67. By removing these sections and
the casting B2, the shaft may be lifted from the bearings. Suitable oil cups are
provided, and preferably drip cups 72, 73, are provided with pipes leading to receiving
tanks,, into which the oil escapes as it passes from the bearings. To prevent the
oil which may overflow from the cups ¹ from running down upon the commutator
brushes and brush-holders, wide cups or pans S surround the pipes s¹ into which the
cups are screwed. These serve to catch the oil and from them it escapes through
pipes or tubes into the tube s¹.
The ball bearings are conveniently constructed by making the ball-bushes n¹, n³,
separate from the casting or split bushes n³, n. The tube or pipe s¹ then extends
through the upper section n³ of the split bush and into the section n of the Ball-bush;
in this manner it serves to prevent the ball-bushes from revolving.
Having now described the invention as communicated to me, I wish it to be under-
stood that what I desire to protect under Letters Patent is :-
1. The combination, substantially as described, with the armature of an electric
machine having openings extending through it, of ventilating plates at the respective
ends of the armature, the plate at one end being separated from the arinature through
its outer portion, and the remaining plate being open at its centre and separated from
the armature through its central portion.
2. In an electric machine, a rotating armature having one or more axial openings,
in combination with end plates, one of said plates having an opening to the armature
openings through its central portion and the other having an opening to the armature
openings from its outer edge, substantially as described.
3. In an electric machine, the combination with a rotating armature having axial
openings through it, of an end plate covering the openings, and radiating ribs on the
inner surface of said plate forming with said plate radial continuations of said
openings.
4. In an electric machine, the combination with a revolving armature-core, and
coils of wire applied thereto, of a sheet of mica or other insulating material between
the wire and the core, and an insulating coating surrounding the coils, substantially
as described.
5. An armature for electric machines, cylindrical in form, having lugs of non-
magnetic material upon its outer surface and clips or plates of non-magnetic material

page_text: at the ends of said lugs, and wire wound around said clips and across the face of the
armature filling the spaces between the lugs, substantially as described.
6. An armature for electric machines composed of thin sheets of soft-iron
magnetically separated from each other, end-plates of soft-iron clamping said sheets
together, and rings of fibre, or other non-magnetic material, surrounding the said
plates and flush with the periphery of the armature, substantially as described.
7. In an electric machine, a cylindrical armature having its coils wound upon its
face and down upon its ends, overhanging clips at the ends for holding the coils in
position constructed in two portions, the overhanging portions being removable after
the coils are in position, and plates of non-conducting material covering the wire upon
the ends of the armature.
8. An armature for electric machines constructed of thin plates of soft-iron placed
side-by-side, each plate being constructed with ventilating holes substantially as
described, the holes in adjacent plates being of different sizes.
9. In an electric machine, an armature-core constructed with axial ventilating
openings having end plates constructed with corresponding openings of less cross-
section.
10. The combination, substantially as herinbefore set forth, with the armature of an
electric generator, of a frame for the field-magnet consisting of two castings bolted
together, and cores of wrought iron bolted to said castings, and forming a cylinder
around said armature.

page_text: Date of Application, 12th July, 1887
Complete Left, 8th Oct., 1887
Complete Accepted, 13th Jan., 1888
I, WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON, F.C.S. M.I.M.E. of the Agency for Foreign Patent
Solicitors 6, Lord Street, Liverpool and 6, Bank Street Manchester, both in the
County of Lancaster, and 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
--
The invention relates to the class of apparatus employed for producing alternate
electric currents.
The object of the invention is to provide a simple form of machine for producing
alternating electric currents. Certain features of the invention are applicable to other
forms of generators than those delivering alternate currents.
The invention involves many details of construction relating to the frame work of
the machine, the bed-plate upon which it rests, a device for adjusting the position of
the frame upon the bed-plate for the purpose of modifying the tension of the driving
belt, the construction of the field-magnet and the pole-pieces, the mounting of the
armature and various other details which will be described in connection with the
accompanying drawings.
The bed-plate upon which the machine rests is formed of a single piece of cast iron,
and in form is rectangular, having lateral projections upon which the bearings for the
armature rest. These bearings constitute portions of a casting which comprises the
lower half of the field-magnet plate for the machine. This casting rests upon the bed-
plate and is held in position by belts passing through slots in the bed-plate. The
position of the casting, and thus of the entire machine, upon the bed-plate, may thus
be adjusted, since the bolts may move along in the slots. For the purpose of readily
adjusting this position, a sprocket wheel is carried upon a shaft, extending through
and bearing in one end of the bed-plate. This shaft is held in position by collars,
and is threaded at its end and turns in a nut in the casting. By turning the sprocket-
ID 031

page_text: wheel in one direction or the other the position of the machine is readily modified.
This is of advantage when several machines are belted to a single shaft, for the reason
that it is desirable to adjust the tension of the belts of the machine.
For the purpose of allowing the machine to be moved easily upon the bed plate,
the casting is constructed with flanges or webs, which rest upon corresponding rails
formed upon the bed-plate; webs or lugs are formed upon the bed-plate for guiding
the webs.
The casting is designed to contain approximately half of the core-projections. The
remainder of the projections are carried by another section constituting the upper
portion of the field-magnet frame. Formerly it has been proposed to cast the entire
frame in one piece. Such construction, however, is disadvantageous, for the reason_
that it is impossible to remove the armature without first removing the bearings and
supports for one end of the armature.
By constructing the upper half separately, this half may be removed and the
armature lifted from its bearings. The two parts are bolted together. The cores may
be formed integral with the field-magnet frame, and then be of cast iron, but it is
preferred to make them of wrought iron and to secure them in position by means of
bolts or screws. The inner ends of these pole-pieces or cores are constructed with
re-entrant curves having a radius approximately the same as that of the armature.
The edges of the of the pole-pieces are preferably curved away from the armature, for
the purpose of preventing a bunching of the lines of force.
The coils of the field magnet are wound in any suitable manuer and slipped over
the pole-pieces or cores and are held in position by screws. This construction permits
any coil to be removed by simply removing the screws from that particular core
provided the armature is not in position.
When the wrought iron cores are used, the coils are placed upon them before they
are placed in the frame and they may therefore be readily taken out without removing
the armature. The armature consists of successive plates of thin rolled iron placed
side by side and separated from each other by non-magnetic material. The laminae
of non-magnetic material are preferably thin sheets of paper pasted or glued to the
plates. In building the armature, large sheets or discs of thin rolled soft iron are
first covered with paper upon one side, and then stamped out to the required size and
shape. Each plate is preferably constructed with a number of holes, for the purpose
of ventilation, and with a central hole which is designed to receive the shaft of the
machine. The plates thus prepared are laid against each other, the paper surface of
one plate lying upon the exposed surface of the next plate, and so on. The holes
correspond in position so that the entire armature has a number of holes passing
entirely through it. The alternate plates may have holes of different sizes and thus
expose a large amount of surface for radiating heat.
The plates are bound against each other and held in position by end-plates or rings
of considerable thickness. Reinforcing plates are applied outside the end plates or
rings.
The entire armature is clamped upon the armature-shaft by a collar and nut. Holes
corresponding to the holes in thin plates of the armature are formed in the end plates,
although they may with advantage be of less diameter, for the purpose of leaving the
end plates as stiff as possible.
For the purpose of forcing the air through the armature end-plates are employed.
The plate at one end of the armature is fastened to the armature at its centre but
flares outward toward the edge, leaving a space about the opening. Division walls
preferably intervene between the openings. A plate is fastened to the other end of
the armature at its outer edge, and stands out from the central portion. Air is
admitted through an opening of greater diameter than the shaft left at the centre of
the plate. The two plates thus combine to force constant currents of air through the
interior of the armature when the machine is in operation. A plate preferably covers
the outer portion of the end of the armature carrying the end plate.
The coils are wound upon the armature-surface in the following manner. Non-
magnetic plates, or strips, are secured to its periphery and at the ends of these plates,

page_text: overhanging non-magnetic clips or plates are secured to the sides of the armature.
The coils are then wound across the face and around the sides of the armature, thus
surrounding the strips and passing under the ends of the plates, filling up the spaces
between the strips. In practice it is found that one or two layers of wire thus applied
give very satisfactory results. For the purpose of shielding the wire from the edge
of the plates, and also avoiding the necessity of bringing the binding plates to the
outer edge of the armature, rings are placed at the edges of the armature and flush
with its periphery. The corners of these rings are rounded off to prevent too sharp
an angle in the wire. The rings, and likewise the plates and strips are preferably
of vulcanized fibre, or other suitable non-magnetic and non-conducting material.
It is sometimes desirable to cover the wire at the ends of the armature with a non-
conducting protective covering and therefore the clips may be made in two parts, so that
the overhanging portion may be temporarily removed after the armature is wound
while a plate or sheet of fibre, for instance is placed upon the wires.
Thin sheets of mica cover the surface of the armature to better iusulate the wire
therefrom, and after the wire is wound in position the entire surface is covered with
mica or other suitable insulating material. In this manner the wire of the armature-
coils is entirely encased and thoroughly insulated from surrounding objects and
protected. Mica is especially advantageous for the reason that it is not affected by
heat and moisture. Belts of wire are preferably wound upon the face of the armature,
to securely bind the parts in position.
The precise method of winding the wire upon the armature may be variously
modified.
The bearings which it is preferred to use for the armature, are ball bearings, for
these serve to centre the machine automatically. They are constructed with the
bearing surface in the portions of the casting, and are covered by sections screwed or
bound in position by screws or bolts. By removing these sections and the casting,
the shaft may be lifted from the bearings. Suitable oil cups are provided, and preferably
drip cups are provided with pipes leading to receiving tanks, into which the oil
escapes as it passes from the bearings. To prevent the oil which may overflow from
the cups, from running down upon the commutator brushes and brush-holders,. wide
cups or pans surround the pipes into which the cups are screwed. These serve to
catch the oil and from them it escapes through pipes or tubes into the tube.
The ball bearings are conveniently constructed by making the ball-bushes separate
from the casting or split bushes. The tube or pipe then extends through the upper
section of the split bush and into the section of the ball-bush; in this manner it
serves to prevent the ball-bushes from revolving.
1
די
1
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: A communication from abroad by GEORGE WESTINGHOUSE, Junior, of Pittsburg, County
of Alleghany, State of Pennsylvania, United States of Ameriea, Engineer.
I WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON, F.C.S. M.I.M.E. of the Agency for Foreign
Patent Solicitors 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, and 6, Bank Street, Manchester
both in the County of Lancaster, and 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
The invention relates to the class of apparatus employed for producing alternate
electric currents.
The object of the invention is to provide a simple form of machine for producing
alternating electric currents. Certain features of the invention are applicable to other
forms of generators than those delivering alternate currents.
The invention involves many details of construction relating to the frame work of
the machine, the bed-plate upon which it rests, a device for adjusting the position of
the frame upon the bed-plate for the purpose of modifying the tension of the driving
belt, the construction of the field-magnet and the pole-pieces, the mounting of the
armature and various other details which will be described in connection with the
accompanying Drawings.
In the Drawings, Figure 1 is a transverse section of the machine, and Figure 2 is
a side view of the same. Figure 3 is a plan of the bed-plate; Figure 4 is an enlarged
section of the armature; Figure 5 is an enlarged end view of the armature, partly in
section.
Referring to the Figures, A represents the bed-plate upon which the machine rests.
This bed-plate is formed of a single piece of cast iron, and in form is rectangular,
having lateral projections a' and a upon which the bearings A1, A2 for the armature
rest. These bearings constitute portions of a casting B which comprises the lower
half of the field-magnet plate for the machine. This casting rests upon the bed-plate
and is held in position by belts b₁, 6 passing through slots in the bed-plate. The
position of the casting, and thus of the entire machine, upon the bed-plate, may thus
be adjusted, since the bolts may move along in the slots. For the purpose of readily
adjusting this position, a sprocket-wheel C is carried upon a shaft c, extending through
and bearing in one end of the bed-plate A. This shaft is held in position by
collars c¹, c, and is threaded at its end and turns in a nut c³ in the casting B'. By
turning the sprocket-wheel in one direction or the other the position of the machine is
readily modified. This is of advantage when several machines are belted to a single
shaft, for the reason that it is desirable to adjust the tension of the belts of each machine.
For the purpose of allowing the machine to be moved easily upon the bed-plate, the
casting B' is constructed with flanges or webs 6,64 and 6, 6, which rest upon corre-
sponding rails formed upon the bed-plate; webs or lugs a, a, are formed upon the
bed-plate for guiding the webs b*, b*.

page_text: The casting D is designed to contain approximately half of the core-projections f,f.
The remainder of the projections are carried by another section B2 constituting the
upper portion of the field-magnet frame. Formerly it has been proposed to cast the
entire frame in one piece. Such construction, however, is disadvantageous, for
the reason that it is impossible to remove the armature without first removing the
bearings and supports for one end of the armature.
By constructing the upper half separately, this half may be removed and the armature
lifted from its bearings. The two parts are bolted together as shown at f₁,f¹. The
cores may be formed integral with the field-magnet frame and then be of cast iron,
but it is preferred to make them of wrought iron and to secure them in position by
means of bolts or screws f³, f³. The inner ends of these pole-pieces or cores are
constructed with re-entrant curves having a radius approximately the same as that of
the armature. The edges of the pole-pieces are preferably curved away from the
armature, for the purpose of preventing a bunching of the lines of force.
The coils of the field-magnet are wound in any suitable manner and slipped over
the pole-pieces or cores and are held in position by screws g. This construction
permits any coil to be removed by simply removing the screws from that particnlar
core provided the armature is not in position.
In the
When the wrought iron cores are used, the coils are placed upon them before they
are placed in the frame and they may therefore be readily taken out without removing
the armature. The armature consists of successive plates of thin rolled iron placed
side by side and separated from each other by non-magnetic material.
drawing h, h, represent the thin plates, and ', ', the laminae of non-magnetic
material. These latter are preferably thin sheets of paper pasted or glued to the
plates. In building the armature, large sheets or discs of thin rolled soft iron are
first covered with paper upon one side, and then stamped out to the required size and
shape. Each plate is preferably constructed with a number of holes i, i, for the
purpose of ventilation, and with a central hole which is designed to receive the shaft
of the machine. The plates thus prepared are laid against each other, the paper
surface of one plate lying upon the exposed surface of the next plate, and so on.
holes i, i, correspond in position so that the entire armature has a number of holes
passing entirely through it. The alternate plates may have holes of different sizes and
thus expose a large amount of surface for radiating heat.
The
The plates are bound against each other and held in position by end plates or
rings K, K', of considerable thickness. Reinforcing plates T', and T2, are applied
outside the plates K¹, K¹.
The entire armature is clamped upon the armature-shaft K by a collar K2 and
nut K³. Holes & corresponding to the holes i, are formed in the end plates, although
they may with advantage be of less diameter, for the purpose of leaving the end plates
as stiff as possible.
For the purpose of forcing the air through the armature, end-plates t and t² are
employed. The plate t at one end of the armature is fastened to the armature at its
centre but flares outward toward the edge, leaving a space about the opening k.
Division walls t¹, t¹, preferably intervene between the openings. The plate is fastened
to the other end of the armature at its outer edge, and stands out from the central
portion. Air is admitted through an opening of greater diameter than the shaft left
at the centre of the plate. The two plates thus combine to force constant currents of
air through the interior of the armature when the machine is in operation. A plate T
preferably covers the outer portion of the end of the armature carrying the
plate t.
The coils are wound upon the armature-surface in the following manner. Non-
magnetic plates, or strips m, m, are secured to its periphery and at the ends of these
plates, overhanging non-magnetic clips or plates m³, m³, are secured to the sides of the
armature. The coils are then wound across the face and around the sides of the
armature, thus surrounding the strips m and passing under the ends of the plates m²,
filling up the the spaces between the strips. In practice it is found that one or two
layers of wire thus applied give very satisfactory results. For the purpose of shielding

page_text: the wire from the edge of the plates, and also avoiding the necessity of bringing the
binding plates to the outer edge of the armature, rings o¹, o*, are placed at the edges
of the armature and flush with its periphery. The corners of these rings are rounded
off to prevent too sharp an angle in the wire. The rings o¹, o, and likewise the
plates m and strips m are preferably of vulcanized fibre, or other suitable non-
magnetic and non-conducting material.
It is sometimes desirable to cover the wire at the ends of the armature with a non-
conducting protective covering and therefore the clips m¹ may be made in two parts
as shown in Figure 4, so that the overhanging portion m², may be temporarily removed
after the armature is wound while a plate or sheet of fibre, for instance, is placed upon
the wires.
Thin sheets of mica i cover the surface of the armature to better insulate the wire
therefrom, and after the wire is wound in position the entire surface is covered with
mica or other suitable insulating material. In this manner the wire of the armature-
coils is entirely encased and thoroughly insulated from surrounding objects and
protected. Mica is especially advantageous for the reason that is not affected by heat
and moisture. Belts of wire ¹are preferably wound upon the face of the armature,
to securely bind the parts in position.
The precise method of winding the wire upon the armature may be variously
modified.
The bearings which it it preferred to use for the armature, are ball bearings, for
these serve to centre the machine automatically. They are constructed with the
bearing surface in the portions A1, A2, of the casting, and are covered by sections a³, a,
screwed or bound in position by screws or bolts 67. By removing these sections and
the casting B2, the shaft may be lifted from the bearings. Suitable oil cups are
provided, and preferably drip cups 72, 73, are provided with pipes leading to receiving
tanks, into which the oil escapes as it passes from the bearings. To prevent the
oil which may overflow from the cups ¹ from running down upon the commutator
brushes and brush-holders, wide cups or pans S surround the pipes s¹ into which the
cups are screwed. These serve to catch the oil and from them it escapes through
pipes or tubes into the tube s¹.
The ball bearings are conveniently constructed by making the ball-bushes n¹, n³,
separate from the casting or split bushes n³, nt. The tube or pipe s¹ then extends
through the upper section n³ of the split bush and into the section n¹ of the Ball-bush;
in this manner it serves to prevent the ball-bushes from revolving.
Having now described the invention as communicated to me, I wish it to be under-
stood that what I desire to protect under Letters Patent is :-
1. The combination, substantially as described, with the armature of an electric
machine having openings extending through it, of ventilating plates at the respective
ends of the armature, the plate at one end being separated from the armature through
its outer portion, and the remaining plate being open at its centre and separated from
the armature through its central portion.
2. In an electric machine, a rotating armature having one or more axial openings,
in combination with end plates, one of said plates having an opening to the armature
openings through its central portion and the other having an opening to the armature
openings from its outer edge, substantially as described.
3. In an electric machine, the combination with a rotating armature having axial
openings through it, of an end plate covering the openings, and radiating ribs on the
inner surface of said plate forming with said plate radial continuations of said
openings.
4. In an electric machine, the combination with a revolving armature-core, and
coils of wire applied thereto, of a sheet of mica or other insulating material between
the wire and the core, and an insulating coating surrounding the coils, substantially
as described.
5. An armature for electric machines, cylindrical in form, having lugs of non-
magnetic material upon its outer surface and clips or plates of non-magnetic material

page_text: at the ends of said lugs, and wire wound around said clips and across the face of the
armature filling the spaces between the lugs, substantially as described.
6. An armature for electric machines composed of thin sheets of soft-iron
magnetically separated from each other, end-plates of soft-iron clamping said sheets
together, and rings of fibre, or other non-magnetic material, surrounding the said
plates and flush with the periphery of the armature, substantially as described.
7. In an electric machine, a cylindrical armature having its coils wound upon its
face and down upon its ends, overhanging clips at the ends for holding the coils in
position constructed in two portions, the overhanging portions being removable after
the coils are in position, and plates of non-conducting material covering the wire upon
the ends of the armature.
8. An armature for electric machines constructed of thin plates of soft-iron placed
side-by-side, each plate being constructed with ventilating holes substantially as
described, the holes in adjacent plates being of different sizes.
9. In an electric machine, an armature-core constructed with axial ventilating
openings having end plates constructed with corresponding openings of less cross-
section.
10. The combination, substantially as herinbefore set forth, with the armature of an
electric generator, of a frame for the field-magnet consisting of two castings bolted
together, and cores of wrought iron bolted to said castings, and forming a cylinder
around said armature.
Dated thin 7th 1
1007