IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING OR BREAKING STONE AND OTHER SubstaNCES.
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Henry Johnson, F.C.S., of Lea Bank
Works, Stratford, in the County of Essex, Chemist, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING OR BREAKING STONE AND
OTHER SubstaNCES.'
"
Sealed the 5th February 1875, and dated the 31st October 1874.
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Henry Johnson
..at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 31st October 1874.
I, SAMUEL HENRY JOHNSON, F.C.S., of Lea Bank Works, Stratford, in
5 the County of Essex, Chemist, do-hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING OR BREAKING STONE
AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object to apply steam power in a more
efficient and direct manner than heretofore to the breaking of stone and
0 other material. For this purpose I combine a direct acting steam
cylinder with the hydraulic stone-breaking apparatus described in the

page_text: Specification of a Patent granted to Austin Henry Smith, on the 2nd
day of January 1878 (No. 28). The pump plunger, which actuates the
hydraulic ram, I make a continuation of the piston rod of the steam
cylinder.
The steam acting upon the piston of the steam cylinder may effect |
both the backward and forward strokes of the plunger; or a single
acting engine may be employed to act only upon the forward stroke, and
the piston may be brought back either by its own weight, together with
the weight of the movable jaw, or by a spring acting to draw back the
movable jaw.
For admitting steam to and allowing it to escape from the steam
cylinder, either what are known as steam moved valves may be employed,
or valves worked by tappets or in other such like manner, as is well
understood. By this means the plunger of the hydraulic apparatus has
motion given to it directly from the piston of a steam cylinder, without
the intervention of any revolving shaft. The hydraulic cylinder is
undue
provided with a relief valve, as heretofore, to prevent any pressure
coming upon the jaws of the apparatus, so that the plunger may at all
times have a complete stroke given to it, even though the movable jaw is
unable to complete its stroke.
In place of applying the piston of a steam cylinder directly to the
plunger of a hydraulic stone breaker, as above described, it may be
applied to the central joint of toggle levers in such manner that it shall
move the levers into a line with one another in its forward stroke.
I prefer however to apply it to the hydraulic apparatus, as above
described.
The machines may also be made double, so as to crush stone both on

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Samuel Henry Johnson, Her
special license that I, the said Samuel Henry Johnson, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Samuel
Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING OR BREAKING STONE AND OTHER
SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Samuel
Henry Johnson, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Henry Johnson, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for
breaking stone and other substances, and consists in a method of
applying steam power (or the power of air or other elastic fluid under
pressure) in such apparatus in a more direct and efficient manner than
heretofore.
I employ a direct acting cylinder, and the 'piston, has a rod which is
continued to form a plunger. The plunger enters an hydraulic cylinder
in which a ram works, and the ram forces forward the moveable jaw of
the crushing hopper.
The return motion of the jaw may be obtained by means of a spring or
5 otherwise.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWN UN
Figure 1 is an elevation of one half of a double acting machine con-
structed according to my Invention; Figure 2 is a plan; and Figure 3, a
longitudinal section of the same.
a, a, is the main frame, together with which there is formed the fixed
crushing jaw b and the hydraulic cylinder e which contains a ram c¹.
The cylinder & receives the steam or other elastic fluid under pressure,
and this cylinder and the hydraulic cylinders c are connected end to end,
but with sufficient space between them to allow free access to the
packings. e is the piston; and f, the piston rod, the portion f¹ of which
works as a plunger in the hydraulic cylinder c. Thus there is a direct
connection or attachment between the piston and the plunger; this is
an important feature in my Invention. g, g, are tappet valves in the
cylinder ends, which are struck by the piston e when it arrives at the
ends of its stroke, and the lifting of these valves g alternately causes the
slide valve / in the valve chest to operate. This valve works over inlet
ports i, i, and an exhaust port ķ in the usual way. Lugs on the back
of the valve / enter between the horns 1, 1, on the block 7, the two ends
of which form small pistons which work in corresponding cylinders m, m,
at the ends of the valve chest.
g
The steam (or other clastic fluid) is always able to pass by narrow
channels, or it may be by the imperfect fitting of the piston block 1,
from the central part of the valve chest into the cylinders at its end, so
that when both the tappet valves are closed the block is exposed to
pressure on both its ends, and the pressures being in equilibrium the
block remains stationary, but when one of the tappet valves is opened
the pressure on the block at that end is relieved, the steam or fluid
finding free vent from behind it into the main cylinder d, and so to the
outlet. The block 7 then moves, and in moving it shifts the slide valve h
and sets it in position to cause the return stroke of the piston. The
action is similar at the two ends of the stroke. n is a lever for moving
the slide valve by hand; o is a lubricator. I would remark that this
method of working the slide valve forms no part of my Invention; I
describe it only as a convenient arrangement which I can employ in

page_text: When the piston e and
crushed material falls
3.8 I.I.
carrying out my Invention. There are other known means of working.
valves, which also may be employed. As the piston e approaches the
hydraulic cylinder c the plunger f¹ displacing the water in the hydraulic
cylinder causes the ram c¹ to advance at a slow speed and press forcibly
against the back of the moveable crushing jaw p, which at its upper end
hangs upon an axis p³ carried by the frame a. The jaw p then crushes
the material between it and the fixed jaw b.
plunger c¹ retire the ram also recedes, and the
from between the jaws, as in other stone crushers. The return of the
ram may be aided by a spring. is a weighted valve, which allows
water to escape from the cylinder c before the pressure becomes
excessive, so that the piston e is always able to reach the end of its
stroke; is a suction passage connecting the cylinder c with a small
water tank. It is provided with a suction valve which opens and admits
water during the return stroke whenever there has been any escape
during the preceding effective stroke. The ram c¹ then reaching the back
of the cylinder c before the plunger ceases to retire there is a suction
which draws in a quantity of water equal to that which had before
escaped.
In some cases I arrange the piston e so that it can slide along its rod
a short distance between stops. The piston then moves at the com-
mencement of each stroke a little before the plunger, and then strikes a
sudden blow, which is more effective than a dead pressure in breaking
some materials.
In place of employing a valve moved by steam or fluid pressure the
valve may be worked by an eccentric in the ordinary manner, such
eccentric being on a crank shaft actuated by a connecting rod which is
jointed to a piston rod passing out through the back cover of the
cylinder, or it may be to a cross head on the main rod connecting the
piston with the ram. On the same shaft a fly wheel is mounted to store
the power whenever the full strain is not upon the jaws. With the same
object a crank shaft and fly wheel or its equivalent a loose fly wheel
with a crank pin may be applied in cases where a steam moved valve is
employed. These modifications are shown in the Drawings Figs. 1a, 2a,
3a, & 4a.
What I claim in the dinoot connection of aniston actuated by storm

page_text: hydraulic cylinder, the ram of which is so caused to operate the moveable
jaw of a stone breaker, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Henry Johnson, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of April, in
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy- 5
the year
five