Improvements in the Manufacture of Hollow-ware and in the Machinery employed therein.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Feb., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 14th Nov., 1890-Accepted, 20th Dec., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Hollow-ware and in the
Machinery employed therein.
We JAMES RAPER THAME of Two Waters Mill Boxmoor in the County of Herts,
Engineer, and HERBERT SANGUINETTI of 16, Old Bond Street, London in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows :-
This invention relates to the manufacture of, and the machinery employed in the
making of, hollow ware from paper or like pulp, particularly in the manufacture
of shallow articles, such as for example, plates, dishes, barrel heads & the like kind
of articles requiring great strength & homogeneity.
Hitherto great difficulty has been found in this class of work in getting the sides
of the articles to be of the same density as the bottom owing as a rule to the bottom
receiving more pressure than the sides & consequently being drier, so that when the
article so produced is being finally dried the sides have a tendency to part from
the bottom.
To overcome this difficulty we use a machine or machines constructed as
follows, viz. :
The bottom consists preferably of two or more parts, said parts being properly
proportioned to the work to be done, these two parts are arranged to slide one
within the other, both parts may be perforated, cut or otherwise treated so as to give
free egress to the water pressed from the pulp, said perforations or cuts being
covered with suitable wire work to prevent the fibre from passing away with the
water, the outer part of said bottom being fixed to a suitable press. The inner part
of said bottom we provide with suitable mechanical appliances to cause it to work up &
down within the outer part. On the top of the outer part of said bottom we place
a suitable ring or frame work arranged so as to be readily expanded or contracted as
may be desired a die or former of the reverse shape of the article to be made is
placed in the ring, the ring having previously been filled with pulp, & the middle
part of said bottom being in its highest position the machine is then submitted to a
pressure by any suitable means, the pulp contained in the middle of the mould
receives a sufficient pressure to bind it together the pressure continuing forces the
middle part downwards; by this means brings the pulp contained in the cavity between
the outside of the sliding middle piece, & the inside of the ring, gradually under the
pressing action of the top die, by this means both bottom, & sides are eventually
pressed evenly, & consequently are of the same density & homogeneity.
These machines may be made of any suitable metal, or other material & we may
use hydraulic, pneumatic, screw or other suitable means of obtaining pressure.
When required we may partly reverse the action of the aforesaid machine & by
altering the shape of the top dio obtain different thicknesses of sides, double rims, etc.
or we may to further knit the fibres together cause the bottom part of the said
machine to receive a vibrating motion, & to further aid the extraction of the water
contained in the pulp we may apply an air pump or other means to produce a
vacuum in the bottom of the mould.
Dated this 20th day of February 1890
JAMES RAPER THAME.
HERBERT
SANGUINETTI.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Hollow-ware and in the
Machinery employed therein.
We JAMES RAPER THAME of Two Waters Mill, Boxmoor in the County of Herts,
Engineer and HERBERT SANGUINETTI of 16 Old Bond Street London in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to the manufacture of, and the machinery employed in the
making of, hollow ware from paper or like pulp, particularly in the manufacture of
shallow articles such as for example, plates dishes barrel heads and the like kind of
articles requiring great strength and homogeneity.
Hitherto great difficulty has been found in this class of work in getting the sides
of the articles to be of the same density as the bottom owing as a rule to the
bottom receiving more pressure than the sides and consequently being drier, so
that when the article so produced is being finally dried the sides have a tendency
to part from the bottom. To overcome this difficulty we use a machine or machines
constructed as follows viz. :
The bottom consists preferably of two or more parts said parts being properly
proportioned to the work to be done, these two parts are arranged to slide one
within the other, both parts may be perforated, cut or otherwise treated so as to
give free egress to the water pressed from the pulp, said perforations, or cuts being
covered with suitable wirework to prevent the fibre from passing away with the
water, the outer part of said bottom being fixed to a suitable press, the inner part
of said bottom we provide with suitable mechanical appliances to cause it to work
up and down within the outer part. On the top of the outer part of said bottom
we place a suitable ring or frame-work arranged so as to be readily expanded and
contracted as may be desired a die or former of the reverse shape of the article to
be made is placed in the said ring, the ring having previously been filled with pulp
and the middle part of said bottom being in its highest position the machine is then
submitted to a pressure by any suitable means the pulp contained in the middle of
the mould receives a sufficient pressure to bind it together the pressure continuing
forces the middle part downwards by this means brings the pulp contained in the
cavity between the outside of the sliding middle piece and the inside of the ring
gradually under the pressing action of the top die by this means both bottom and
sides are eventually pressed evenly and consequently are of the same density and
homogeneity.
These machines may be made of any suitable metal, or other material and we may
use hydraulic, pneumatic, screw or other suitable means of obtaining pressure.
When required we may partly reverse the action of the aforesaid machine and by
altering the shape of the top die obtain different thicknesses of sides, double rims
etcetera or we may to further knit the fibres together cause the bottom part of the
said machine to receive a vibrating motion, and to further aid the extraction of the
water contained in the pulp we may apply an air pump or other means to produce
a vacuum in the bottom of the mould.

page_text: of the top die to produce variations in shape of the head indicated by the dotted
lines.
Fig. 6 shows a detail of some of the parts in the position they assume when the pulp
head is fully compressed.
a is the top die formed with perforations a' for escape of water. a' is the stem
and as the carriage plate supported by the arms a*, at which carry the bearings of the
axes of the wheels a, as which run on the flange as at each side of the girder a'.
b is the split ring held in its annular position by a fly bolt 6' engaging two tapped
lugs on the meeting ends of the ring (see Fig. 2). This ring b rests on the annular
fixed part c of the bottom or ram head and this ring may as shewn be perforated for
escape of moisture at 6' or be plain.
d is the ram head supported on the ram d' and this head is at d' perforated for
escape of water from the chamber above.
Within this fixed ring c slides the bottom movable die e as it is raised by the
stem e¹, which stem slides in the long socket or bearing e³ formed on the upper end
of the ram d', under the influence of the weighted lever d', having its fulcrum at d³
on the bracket d'. The ram d¹ is chambered, at d³, to admit of the entrance and
swinging of the end of the lever to engage the foot of the stem e¹. eis an anti-
friction pulley on the end of e³ to reduce friction on the lever d².
The ram d¹ slides in the cylinder f and is packed at its lower end to the sides
thereof by the hydraulic packing f¹ is a plate secured to the end of the ram and
serving to secure the packing, and the stem f projecting downwards therefrom so
as to serve as a stop to prevent crushing of the packing cup on the bottom of the
cylinder. is the inlet for the forcing liquid.
The apparatus is shewn in position for commencing operations; the split ring b
being filled with pulp to the required extent, the ram d¹ is caused to rise carrying
with it the head d, fixed ring c, split ring 6 and lower die e in its raised position shewn
by the full lines of the lever d' until the upper die a enters the ring 6 and the pressure
on the contained pulp commences and the water is expressed. As the pulp becomes
compacted the increasing resistance acts on the part e overcomes the weighted leverage
and the part retires into the space within the ring c whilst at the same time the
larger bulk of pulp at first contained in the space 6' becomes compressed and compacted
as that space is lessened by the retirement of the side walls of part e and the ascent
of the ram head, equivalent to the descent of the head, or abutment a.
A is a fitting or blocking ring inserted in the pulp container below the head to form
the neck shewn in Fig. 5, when such shape is desired.
The apparatus may be re-arranged to operate horizontally or otherwise by simply
adjusting the directions of draught of the weight of the lever d³ and the support of
the parts.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. The combination and arrangement of parts of apparatus for the manufacture of
hollow ware substantially as and for the purpose specified.
2. In the manufacture of hollow ware from pulp the combination or arrangement
and use of parts of compressing apparatus so that whilst the dish or body of the article
is being compacted the rim, sides or projecting parts may be compacted in a sufficient
manner also, by the relative movements of parts of the mechanism, substantially as set
forth.
3. In the manufacture of hollow ware such as barrel heads and like shallow articles
from pulp having rims or projecting sides the employment of a pressing head, as d,
carrying a chambered piece as c, a retiring die as e, normally projected by spring or
weight or like pressure, an expansible chamber or holder, as b, and an abutment piece,
as a, all co-operating substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
4. In apparatus for use in compacting paper or like pulp into shallow forms such

page_text: as heads of barrels, the retiring part of the pulp container co-operating with the rela-.
tively advancing parts of the pulp container and the abutment piece substantially as
set forth.
Dated the 13th day of November 1890.
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicants.