IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DOUBLING, DRAWING, ROVING, AND SPINNING WOOLLEN, WOOL, COTTON, SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Robinson, of Leeds, in the County of York,
for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DOUBLING,
DRAWING, ROVING, AND SPINNING WOOLLEN, WOOL, COTTON, SILK, AND
OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Robinson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th May 1881.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
THOMAS ROBINSON, of Leeds, in the County of York.
MACHINERY FOR DOUBLING, DRAWING, ROVING, AND SPINNING WOOLLEN, WOOL,
COTTON, SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
Hertofore woollen or other fibrous substances have when carded and condensed
been spun upon a mule with one line of rollers, which simply act for delivering the
necessary quantity of condensed thread, and of holding the same to be twisted,
drawn, and spun into a thread. Now the improvements I have made consist in
working a condensed thread after it has been made by a machine called a condenser,
and forming it into a slubbing or roving having a suitable twist, and afterwards
taking these slubbings or rovings and again drawing the same into a rove
These frames for
upon a roving frame, after which they are spun upon a mule.
slubbing or roving, and spinning, are arranged with rollers which differ in
their construction from those now used in the cotton, wool, or woollen and silk
manufacture, inasmuch as all rollers now in use draw the material from nip to nip
without friction upon the material, except in those machines which use between
nip and nip of the rollers a machine called a gill; the object of this Invention
being to arrange drawing rollers in a different manner to those already in use, by
which to obtain a better system of doubling, drawing, and spinning, and do a larger
amount of work. I therefore arrange them so that the condensed thread from a
condenser or open sliver from a carding engine shall bear upon the periphery of the
rollers in such a manner that the drawing takes place not between nip and nip of

page_text: the rollers as heretofore, but in the space between the faces or peripheries of each
roller where the material is free to draw.
On ordinary woollen spinning mules the condensed thread or roving is usually
delivered by one line of rollers to the spindles to be spun into a thread, and the spindle
carriage with its spindles moves out from the rollers about half the distance of the
length required to make the stretch before the rollers come to a stand, but the
spindles continue to revolve and recede from the rollers until the draw and stretch
is complete; but the whole of the twist not having been put into the thread when
the stretch is made the spindles continue to revolve, and by revolving give the full
twist necessary to the thread. In this latter portion of the operation of twisting
the thread becomes firmer and set and no longer able to be drawn out, it
consequently shortens in length by reason of the amount of twist given to it after
the stretch is made.
To compensate for this shortening of the threads and to prevent them breaking
and falling down during the spinning operation, the spindles are made by au
ordinary movement to approach the line of rollers for a short distance, in order to
slacken the thread then being spun.
Now I by this portion of my improvements draw the thread as it passes between
the rollers to as great a distance for making the stretch as is practicable, so that
the remainder thereof shall be for the purpose of drawing out irregularities, and
when the whole stretch has been made and during the time the final hardening of
the thread is taking place (by reason of the additional twist given), I allow the
spindle carriage to remain out at the furthest extremity of the stretch, but in order
to keep the threads from falling and breaking on account of the shortening process
of the twisting operation, I cause the rollers to revolve and pay out a sufficient
quantity of thread to compensate for the length taken up by such twist, thus
gaining of twisted thread a length equal to the amount paid out, which by the
ordinary advancing movement of the spindle carriage towards the delivery rollers
is lost.
My arrangement of drawing rollers may also be applied to other spinning
machines.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Thomas Robinson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
28th November 1881.
THOMAS ROBINSON, of Leeds, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR DOUBLING, DRAWING, ROVING, AND SPINNING WOOLLEN, WOOL,
COTTON, SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES.'
"
"
Heretefore woollen or other fibrous substances have when carded and condensed
been spun upon a mule with one line of rollers which simply act for delivering the
necessary quantity of condensed thread and of holding the same to be twisted,
drawn, and spun into a thread. Now the improvements I have made consist in
working a condensed thread after it has been made by a machine called a condenser,
and forming it into a "slubbing or "roving" having a suitable twist, and after-
wards taking these "slubbings" or rovings" and again drawing the same into a rove
upon a roving frame, after which they are spun upon a mule. These frames for
slubbing" or "roving," and spinning, are arranged with rollers which differ in
their construction from those now used in the cotton, wool, or woollen and silk
manufacture, in as much as all rollers now in use draw the material from nip
to nip without friction upon the material, except in those machines which use
between nip and nip of the rollers a machine called a gill, the object of this
Invention being to arrange Drawing rollers in a different manner to those already
in use by which to obtain a better system of doubling, drawing, and spinning, and
do a larger amount of work. I therefore arrange them so that the condensed thread
from a condenser or open sliver from a carding engine shall bear upon the periphery
of the rollers in such a manner that the drawing takes place, not between nip and
nip of the rollers as heretofore, but in the space between the faces or peripheries of
each roller where the material is free to draw.
On ordinary woollen spinning mules the condensed thread or roving is usually
delivered by one line of rollers to the spindles to be spun into a thread, and the
spindle carriage with its spindles moves out from the rollers about half the distance
of the length required to make the stretch before the rollers come to a stand, but
the spindles continue to revolve and recede from the rollers until the draw and
stretch is complete; but the whole of the twist not having been put into the
thread when the stretch is made the spindles continue to revolve, and by revolving
give the full twist necessary to the thread. In this latter portion of the operation
of twisting, the thread becomes firmer and set and no longer able to be drawn out,
it consequently shortens in length by reason of the amount of twist given to it
after the stretch is made.
To compensate for this shortening of the threads and to prevent them breaking
and falling down during the spinning operation, the spindles are made by an
ordinary movement to approach the line of rollers for a short distance, in order to
slacken the thread then being spun.
Now I by this portion of my improvements draw the thread as it passes between
the rollers to as great a distance for making the stretch as is practicable, so that
the remainder thereof shall be for the purpose of drawing out irregularities, and
when the whole stretch has been made, and during the time the final hardening of
the thread is taking place (by reason of the additional twist given), I allow the
spindle carriage to remain out at the furthest extremity of the stretch, but in order
to keep the threads from falling and breaking on account of the shortening process
of the twisting operation I cause the rollers to revolve and pay out a sufficient
quantity of thread to compensate for the length taken up by such twist, thus
gaining of twisted thread a length equal to the amount paid out, which by the

page_text: ordinary advancing movement of the spindle carriage towards the delivery rollers
is lost. My arrangement of drawing rollers may also be applied to other spinning
machines.
And in order that my Invention may be more completely understood, reference
is given to the accompanying Drawings and to the letters and marks thereon.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a part section of mule, showing application of drawing rollers for
condensed material; Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, are various modifications in
the arrangement of such drawing rollers; Fig. 11, an elevation shewing compensating
apparatus as applied to mules; Fig. 12 a part section shewing application of drawing
rollers to throstle spinning and ring spinning machines; Fig. 13, a part section
shewing a modification in the arrangement of drawing rollers for the same; Fig. 14,
represents my improved arrangement of drawing rollers applied to roving frames.
Instead of delivering the condensed thread or roving by one line of rollers to the
spindles a to be spun into a thread, I arrange the rollers so that the condensed
thread or open sliver from a carding engine shall bear upon the periphery of the
rollers, as shewn at Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, the upper rollers of which
being pressing rollers and marked b, and the lower or drawing rollers are marked c.
In each arrangement I have shewn the thick black line d, which represents the
direction of the thread. In each instance it will be readily seen that the thread
bears to a considerable extent on the periphery of the rollers b and c, this being so
the drawing takes place not between nip and nip as heretofore, but the material
is free to draw in the space between it, leaving the periphery of one roller and
passing on to that of another. The arrangement and distance apart of the rollers
is varied to suit the length of fibre, being applicable for working or operating upon
material of the very shortest fibre, and they may be carried in fixed bearings, but
when preferred I employ the arrangement of supports d'employed at Fig. 10.
These supports d¹ are fitted one onto the other and carried on the stand e.
A bolt f
is passed through slot holes g in all of them; by it they are secured to the stand e.
These slot holes g are for the purpose of admitting of adjustment, and by such
arrangement the rollers may be placed any required distance apart, and materials
of various qualities or length of fibre may be worked or operated upon on the same
machine. In order to compensate for the shortening of the threads and to prevent
them breaking and falling down during the time the final hardening is taking
place, I cause the rollers to pay out a sufficient quantity of thread, and for this
purpose I employ the arrangement shown at Fig. 11, in which is the drawing
roller shaft; on it is provided a clutch which is brought into gear with the
teeth on the spur wheel (this being loose on the shaft h), whereby motion is
transmitted from the spur wheel to the clutch i, thence through the shaft / to the
drawing rollers. For the purpose of throwing the clutch i in or out of gear I
employ the lever mounted on the shaft m, having suitable bearings on the frame-
work. The radial movement required for the lever for the purpose of throwing
the clutch in or out of gear is imparted at suitable times from the traversing of
the mule spindle carriage.
At Fig. 12 I employ drawing rollers with their pressing rollers arranged on the
same principle as those described for the mule, and marked with corresponding letters,
an enlarged view of which is shewn at Fig. 4. This arrangement of rollers may
be provided with fixed bearings, or bearings capable of adjustment, similar to those
shown and described at Fig. 10. In order to give additional draft to the.material
previous to passing on to the spindles, I employ the rollers n and n¹ with the
addition of a guide roller n2, and in order to increase or reduce the friction I mount
the roller on a radial arm o. The required adjustment is effected by the
attendant through the pinion p which gears into a segment 7 attached or provided
on the radial arm o. Any of the various inodifications of drawing rollers shown
in Drawings may when preferred be applied to this machine. That half of the

page_text: Drawings marked A shows application of my improvements to throstle spinning,
and that marked B shows my improvements as applied to ring spinning machines.
The parts of these machines not explained or lettered are of ordinary construction.
Fig. 13 shows a further modification of the application to throstle and ring
spinning machines, in which the drawing and pressing rollers are marked with
similar letters to those herein before described, an enlarged view of which is shewn
at Fig. 3. In this arrangement I have dispensed with the rollers and n' and
guide roller n². Other parts of the machines are of ordinary construction.
The
Fig. 14 shows the application of my improvements to a slubbing frame.
drawing and pressing rollers are similar to those illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings, and are marked with corresponding letters, an enlarged view of which
is shewn at Fig. 6. The arrangement of drawing rollers shown at Fig. 14 are
equally applicable to roving frames when the drawing is made from a bobbin or
slubbing.
I would have it understood that my Invention admits of drawing two or more
condenser threads or roving together, from which I spin one thread; this is what
I term "doubling," and is applicable for woollen materials.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and described by the
aid of Drawings how the same may be carried into practice, I would have it
understood that I do not limit myself to the exact details or configuration of the
parts I have described and shewn, as the same may be varied or modified without
departing from the nature of the said Invention, but what I do claim and desire to
be secured to me by Letters Patent is,-
First. The arrangement and combination of drawing rollers applied to mule
spinning machines, substantially as and for purposes herein set forth.
Second. The arrangement and application of compensating apparatus shewn at
Fig. 11, substantially as and for purposes herein set forth.
Third. The arrangement and combination of drawing rollers with or without
the additional roller n, n¹, and guide roller m², as shewn at Fig. 12 and 13,
substantially as and for purposes herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Robinson, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty sixth day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
THOMAS KOBINSON. (LS.)