MACHINERY FOR CONNECTING AXES OR SHAFTS, WHEREBY, WHEN IN MOTION, THEY REVOLVE AT DIFFERENT RELATIVE VELOCITIES
Year: 1844

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ELIJAH
GALLOWAY, of Nelson Square, Blackfriars Road, in the County of Surrey,
Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twelfth day of June, in the seventh year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Elijah
Galloway, Her especial licence that I, the said Elijah Galloway, my exors,
adñiors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Elijah Galloway, my
exors, adiñiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of
"MACHINERY FOR CONNECTING AXES OR SHAFTS, WHEREBY, WHEN IN MOTION, THEY
REVOLVE AT DIFFERENT RELATIVE VELOCITIES;" in which said Letters. Patent is
contained a proviso obliging me, the said Elijah Galloway, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
and to cause the same to be enrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto
had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Elijah Galloway, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and
referred to, that is to following statement, and the Drawings therein
.
My Invention consists of machinery so constituted that the motion of one axis
becomes double that of another. In order to explain the law on which this ma-
chinery is constructed, and the parts thereof arranged and combined, I shall first
refer to Diagram Figure 1. It is well known that if two wheels or discs, one of
which is twice the diameter of the other (placed in the positions of the circles
there shewn, that is to say, the centre of one touching the periphery of the
other), are made to revolve, so that the smaller one makes twice the number
of revolutions in a given time of the larger one in the given time, then it is
apparent that any point in the periphery of the smaller one will describe a
straight line across the face of the larger one. Further, if we cause opposite
points (e, f) to be the tracing points, the lines thereby produced will
intersect each other at a right angle through the centre g. Now, if we
suppose e. andf to be the crank pins or bearings of a cranked axle (Figure 4),
and there be any suitable machinery attached to the larger disc or circle
whereby the said pins or bearings can only perform a rectilinear motion
in relation to the larger disc, as c, c, and d, d, the axis g will make one
revolution while the axis h makes two revolutions. Figures 2 and 3
accordingly represent end and side elevations of machinery for producing this
intended effect, and Figure 4 represents a plan of the crank c, h, f. To the
main axis g there is affixed a driving crank z, to and upon the, pin of
which there is suspended the triangular lever i. On the ends of this lever
there are pins c and d projecting from opposite sides, so that they are respec-
tively in the planes of the crank bearings fande.
the connecting rods j and k. In the middle of
there works a pin s, firmly affixed on one end of a coupling bar or radius
rod r. The link or rod r is attached at its other end to a piñ g, fitted firmly
into the centre of the main axis, and projecting therefrom. Now it will be
readily seen that ifj be double the length of ŕ (taking the centres of each) the
point can only describe the straight line d, d; next, if we suppose j to be
attached at its lower end to the crank pin f, and also the rod to the crank
pin e, and that the axis g and h revolve in suitable bearings (not shewn),
will make one revolution whilst nakes two revolutions. There are
several methods of producing the right lines c, c, and d, d, and consequently
the multiplying motions which it is the object of my Invention to obtain, but
To these pins are attached
there is a bearing, in which

page_text: the method I have shewn appears to mo to be practically the best. I will
merely state, therefore, that such right lines can be produced by most of the
arrangements known as parrallel motions, which should be connected with
a disc represented by the circle c, d, c, d, so that the right lines they generate
may intersect each other at a right angle through the centre g. When it is
necessary that axis or shafts should be arranged to work at an angle with each
other the arrangement shewn at Figures 5 and 6 may be adopted. This
arrangement forms another method of producing a multiplying motion, being
an approximation to the principle illustrated by Figure 1. The diamond-
shaped body t is attached to an axis g, having four pins
radiating therefrom. To the pins v, v, there is attached the
having bearings at its ends and also in its middle ( 1).
second and smaller bow affixed in like manner to the
also a bearing (u, i,) at its centre. In this arrangement, instead of the crank
being formed with straight arms like Figure 4, the arms are curved as y, y,
such curves, as well as those of the bows a and w, being all struck from a
common centre u, Figure 6. It will be readily understood, if the axes have
the usual and proper bearing, so that they form an angle to each other, as
shewn at Figure 6, the motion of the said axes will be relatively as 2:1.
u, u, and v, v,
bow w, Figure 6,
There is also a
pins u, u, having
I will now proceed to describe a modification of the arrangement firstly
described for effecting the intended change of velocity, which is also an
approximation only to the principle, Figure 1. Let the lines a 1, a 2, and a 3,
(Figure 8) represent the corresponding cranks and rod, Figure 7. It will be
obvious that by turning a 1 in its present position the crank a 2 will revolve
on its axis, and that it will revolve at double the velocity of a 1. This
arrangement will be more readily understood by supposing it to consist of one
half of the modification shewn at Figures 2 and 3, but instead of the parrallel
motion apparatus the rod (a 3), which corresponds with the rods jor k, is
attached direct to the crank pin. It will be obvious, however, that when the
cranks are in the same line (as Figure 7) a 1 will have no power to move
a 2, and that, therefore, it would be necessary to have a fly wheel on the axis
of a 2. It should also be observed that the power of the steam engine should
be applied by attaching either the piston rod or connecting rod to the crank
pin a 4, so that the direction of such power shall be as nearly as possible
perpendicular to the parts as shewn in the Drawing, that is to say, through
the centres. It is obvious that all these arrangements may be employed to
reduce as well as multiply the motion of shafts, and that they are applicable
n all cases in which one axis or shaft is to make in the same time twice as
many revolutions as the axis or shaft with which it is immediately connected;

page_text: also by a repetition of these arrangements one axis may make 4, 8, 16, &c.,
the number of revolutions of another with which it is connected by an inter-
mediate series of axes in connection as above described.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be and may be performed, I wish it to be understood
that I do not claim as of my Invention or the exclusive use of any of the
several parts of the machinery herein described and referred to when such
parts are employed separately, and not in combination for the purposes above
described. And I hereby declare that what I claim as the Invention intended
to be secured to me by the said Letters Patent is, machinery arranged and
combined as above described for causing axes or shafts to revolve in connection
at different relative velocities.
In witness whereof, I, the said Elijah Galloway, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Third day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-four.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Third day of July, in the year
of our Lord 1844, the aforesaid Elijah Galloway came before our said Lady
the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid, and
all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above written.
And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the
Statute made for that purpose.
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