AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MAKING AND WORKING FORGE AND OTHER BELLOWS
Year: 1810

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
FUSSELL, of Mells, near Frome, in the County of Somerset, Iron Manu-
facturer, send greeting..
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, did, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of His United Kingdom, bearing
date at Westminster, the Sixth day of April, in the fiftieth year of His
reign, give and grant unto me, the said James Fussell, my exors, adñiors,
and assigns, His especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said James Fussell; my exors, admors, and assigns, during the
term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, my Invention of "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MAKING AND WORKING
FORGE AND OTHER BELLOWS;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained
a proviso obliging me, the said James Fussell; by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, to cause a particular description of the nature of
my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within two calendar
months after the date of the said recited Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso 1, the Salu
James Fussell, do hereby declare that my said Invention is particularly
described and ascertained in and by the Drawings hereunto annexed, and the
following description, that is to say:-
Fig. 1, A, the bellows; B, middle plank which may be made of wood
or metal, and of any convenient shape, and are fixed in the frame C, C, D, by
two pieces of iron, metal, or other fit material, driven in or solid on each side of
the plank B, about six or eight inches apart, more or less, according to the
sizo of the bellows, and of sufficient strength to keep the plank firm and
steady when fixed in the frame; E, a leather or metal pipe fastened to a
groove or aperture cut in the upper part of the plank B, large enough to allow
the air to pass freely to the leather or metal pipe E, which conveys the air to
the fire through the matallic pipe F, or, if required, another pipe may be fixed
in plank B, as at E, to convey the air to other fires; II, bottom plank; I, I,
two ribs to keep the leather properly distended; K, a rod of iron, or other
fit metal fixed to the plank G, to work through a hole or aperture in tho
frame at D, which keeps the plank G horrizontal; L, a roller; M, lever;
N, N, two arched heads of equal diameter, to which the chains O, O, aro
fastened; or ropes may answer the purpose of chains, though I think chains
best; to these are connected two double rods P, P, gradually spreading from
the chains to the extent of six or eight inches, more or less, at the bottom,
where they hitch to two cross bars Q, Q, fastened to the plank H. Bellows
of this construction, made of good materials, may be applied with great
advantage to many purposes where cast-iron cylinders have hitherto been
thought necessary; they may be worked by steam engines, water wheels,
or any other convenient power, with the advantage of producing a stronger
blast by the same power that is required for cylindrical bellows, on account, in
some measure, of the friction of the piston which must necessarily be consi-
derable if it works air-tight, and if it does not work air-tight there will be a
diminution of power in proportion to the quantity of air that has made its
escape.
Another advantage arises from a saving of leather in consequence of the
whole of it being in full use, which is not the case with common bellows.
Another advantage in the construction of these bellows is, that iron or other
metal can be made use of instead of wood for hot climates, or where the
situation requires it, which will effectually do away the general complaint of
bellows being rendered unserviceable on account of the warping and breaking
of the boards or planks which I propose using, whereby nearly one half of the
leather will be saved, and a more durable bellows constructed, as see Fig. 3.

page_text: A, A, the top and bottom plates, which should be made sufficiently small to be
received into air-vessell C, C, when raised or descending. B, B, the leather.
C, C, the metal air-vessel, with partition, and valve and pipe, and the same
principle may be used for single bellows for the use of anchor smiths,..or
other similar work, or for extracting foul air on shipboard, as see Fig. 4.
A, the top plate. B, the leather. "C, the metal air-vessel with valve and pipe.
The very easy manner in which these bellows, comparitively speaking, are
rendered portable affords another proof of their superiority; a single pair will
not require more than two thirds of the room which is necessary for a pair
built in the usual way: this circumstance makes them desirable or shipboard,
and camp forges, indeed in all cases where room is valuable.
Fig. 2 represents the method of working the bellows by steam, water, or
any other convenient power at any distance, through the means of the double
rod A, A, the Invention of which I claim also, as being applicable to many
purposes, espescialy in working pumps, mines, &c. &c., or in every instance
where a continuation of power is required. The construction of this will be
best understood by refering to Fig. 2; it consists of double bars of iron, or
some other proper metal, joined or kept together by rivets or screws. C, C,
ferules, nearly equal in width and diameter to the width of the bars of which
the rods may be constructed, and filled with oak or some other timber, or other
fit materials, through which rivets or screws pass, in order to keep the bars
firmly united. D, the crook, of the same metal, equal in substance to both
bars of the rod, and is fastened betwixt them by three or more rivets or screws.
To E, E, is fastened more bars to make the rod of any length. If a crook or
turn is needful it will be necessary to have a wheel and chain, to make such
crook or turn. By this means I have a light, strong, and stiff rod, and as iron
can be procured of any dimensions, at a low rate, and formed into rods without
the assistance of fire, as the holes for the rivets can be punched cold, they can
consequently be rendered cheap and durable. I have several pair now at
work by means of water wheels, for forges and foundery, and find they will
bear a much greater force than any other I have seen, without the least
injury. The bellows discharge one third more air at least than those made in
the usual way of the same size.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Fussell, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and ten.
JAS FUSSELL. (L.S.)

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fifth day of June, in the
year of our Lord 1810, the aforesaid James Fussell came before our said
Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stampt according
.to the tenor of the Statutes made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Fifth day of June, in the year our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and ten.