IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING AND BOTTLING AERATED LIQUID s
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields,
in the County of Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street in the City,
of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields,
in the County of Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street in the City,
of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING AND BOTTLING AERATED LIQUID s."
-A communication from abroad by Messieurs Augusto Mondollot and
Jean Alphonse Mondollot, Frères, of Paris, Merchants and Manu-
Sealed the 10th December 1861, and dated the 1st July 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st July 1861.
1, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING AND BOTTLING AERATED
LIQUIDS," a communication from abroad by Messieurs Auguste Mondollot and
Jean Alphonse Mondollot, Frères, of Paris, Merchants and Manufacturers,
to be as follows:-

page_text: This Invention relates to a peculiar construction, arrangement, and combi-
nation of apparatus for manufacturing and bottling artificial mineral waters,
lemonade, soda water, and other aerated drinks in an economical and efficient
manuer.
In carrying out this Invention it is proposed to employ three distinct appa-
ratuses, which are so combined as to work simultaneously and in concert with
each other. The firstapparatus is the gas generator, which consists of an upper
and a lower glass, or porcelain vessel suitably protected by wirework cane-
work, or other material in the usual manner. A stop-cock serves to open or
close the communication between the two vessel, and a pressure gauge in
connection with the lower vessel indicates the pressure therein. The carbo-
nate of soda is contained in the upper vessel, and is allowed to descend, as
required, into the lower vessel where the gas is produced by opening the stop-
cock, before referred to. A flexible pipe provided with another stop-cock
connects the gas generator with the saturator which is suspended at its
middle on trunnions, so as to be capable of being conveniently oscillated or
agitated. The gas is conveyed to the bottom of this vessel by an internal
pipe opening at its lower end into a small chamber, the top of which is per-
forated with a number of small holes. The liquid having been saturated in
this vessel is forced out by the pressure of the gas through a flexible tube
leading to the bottling apparatus, which may be of two kinds, viz., for filling
"syphons," or for filling ordinary bottles. In the first-mentioned apparatus
a syphon is placed in a suitable frame or holder in an inverted position, being
supported on a horizontal adjustable lever and rack. This lever enables the
nozzle of the syphon to be forced into the mouth of the filling pipe, which
pipe is provided with a two-way cock communicating by one passage directly
with the nozzle of the syphon, whilst the other passage admits of the escape
of the superabundant air from the interior of the syphon. The second appa-
ratus for ordinary bottles consists of a stand, upon which the bottle is placed
with its neck upwards. This stand is elevated by means of a treddle, so as to
force the neck of the bottle firmly against a suitable packing ring on the under
side of the filling nozzle. This nozzle contains also the cork to be forced into
the bottle, and communicates at the side with the filling pipe. The cork is
forced down by a hand lever and plunger, and so made to enter the neck of
the bottle. In all cases the vessel or bottle is guarded whilst being filled by a
surrounding safety cage.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Henry Johnson, in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 1st January 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North Britain, Gen-
tleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her Most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of July, in the year of our Lord one
thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
John Henry Johnson, Her special license that I,the said John Henry Johnson,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John
Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA-
RATUS FOR MANUFACTURING AND BOTTLING AERATED LIQUIDS," a communication
from abroad by Messieurs Auguste Mondollot and Jean Alphonse Mondollot,
Frères, of Paris, Merchants and Manufacturers, upon the condition (amongst
others) that I,the said John Henry Johnson, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, or under the hand and
seal of one of them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Henry Johnson, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being bad to the accompanying Drawings, and
to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
The said Invention relates to a peculiar construction, arrangement, and
combination of apparatus for manufacturing and bottling artificial mineral
waters, lemonade, soda water, and other aerated drinks in an economical
and efficient manner.
In carrying out this Invention it is proposed to employ three distinct appa-
ratuses, which are so combined as to work simultaneously and in concert with

page_text: eachother. The first apparatus is the gas generator, which consists of an upper
and a lower glass or purcelain vessel, suitably protected by wirework, cane.
work, or other material in the usual manner. A stop-cock serves to open or
close the communication between the two vessels, and a pressure guage in
connection with the lower vessel indicates the pressure therein. The carbo-
nate of soda is contained in the upper vessel, and is allowed to descend, as
required, into the lower vessel, where the gas is produced by opening the stop-
cock before referred to. A flexible pipe, provided with another stop-cock,
connects the gas generator with the saturator, which is suspended at its
iniddle on trunnions, so as to be capable of being conveniently oscillated or
agitated. The gas is conveyed to the bottom of this vessel by an internal
pipe opening at its lower end into a small chamber, the top of which is per-
forated with a number of small holes. The liquid having been saturated in
this vessel is forced out by the pressure of the gas through a flexible tube
leading to the bottling apparatus, which may be of two kinds, namely, for filling
"syphons," or for filling ordinary bottles. In the first-mentioned apparatus
a syphon is placed in a suitable frame or holder in an inverted position, being
supported on a horizontal adjustable lever and rack. This lever enables the
nozzle of the syphon to be forced int the mouth of the filling pipe, which pipe
is provided with a two-way cock communicating by one passage directly with
the nozzle of the syphon, whilst the other passage admits of the escape of the
superabundant air from the interior of the syphon. The second apparatus for
ordinary bottles consists of a stand, upon which the bottle is placed with its
neck upwards. This stand is elevated by means of a treadle, so as to force
the neck of the bottle firmly against a suitable packing ring on the under side
of the filling nozzle. This nozzle contains also the cork to be forced into the
bottle, and communicates at the side with the filling pipe. The cork is forced
down by a hand lever and plunger and so made to enter the neck of the bottle.
In all cases the vessel or bottle is guarded whilst being filled by a surrounding
safety cage.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I shall
refer to the several Figures on the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed, the
same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts throughout all the
corresponding Figures.
Figure 1 of the Drawings represents a side elevation of the improved appa-
ratus complete; Figure 2 is a plan of the apparatus for filling the receptacle
for the aerated liquid; Figure 3 is a side elevation of a modified apparatus for
filling and corking ordinary bottles; and Figure 4 represents in full size the

page_text: brass socket or nozzle, through which the cork is passed on entering the
neck of the bottle.
A is the gas generator,provided with a manometer or pressure guage a,the
tube of which is soldered on to the metal mount of the lower vessel, which
mount is further provided with a nozzle a¹ for the attachment of the pipe 'T'
connecting the generator with the saturator B. The mount of the upper
vessel of the generator is provided with a stop-cock x, which allows, at the
will of the operator, the carbonate of soda to descend into the lower vessel
when the gas is to be generated. By the aid of this stop-cock and mano-
meter the operator is enabled to suspend or accelerate the generation of the
gas at pleasure, and to keep up a constant and unvarying pressure, which is
an essential condition in properly manufacturing aerated liquids. In this
apparatus it should be further observed that the sulphuric acid employed is
never in contact with any metallic surface. Each of the two vessels is encased
by a protecting guard of wire or canework, hard india-rubber,gutta percha, or
by a deposition of metal obtained by the galvanic battery in any well-known
manner. The generator may be made of other substances than glass, as for
example, porcelain, copper, or tinned or lead coated sheet iron, gutta percha,
or india-rubber, and encased or not, as required. The saturator B, which is
here shewn as being made of copper, may also be constructe 1 of any of the
materials above mentioned. It is furnished with two openings or nozzles, of
which the central one b forms the inlet for the gas, and the other one b¹, at the
extremity of the saturator serves the twofold purpose of admitting the liquid
to be aerated, and of discharging the same when sufficiently saturated. The
central opening is connected to the tube T, provided with a stop-cock t,
shown in detail full size at Figure 10. This cock may also serve, if required,
for the escape of any excess of gas which may be generated, in which case the
cock should be made with two outlets, so as to form a two-way cock. A pipe C
soldered over the opening b descends nearly to the bottom ofthe saturator B,
and it has fitted to its lower extremity a small chamber c (shown in sectional
detail a Figure 5), provided with a perforated plate C' on its upper surface,
for the purpose of dividing the gas as it enters the liquid into a number of
fine jets or streams. The second opening 6' is coupled by means of a union
joint D with the pipe T',communicating with the bottling or filling apparatus.
The saturator B is suspended by means of two trunnions from the supports or
standards E, E, fitted on to any convenient stand, as shown, and admitting of
thesaturator being oscillated with a view tothe agitation of the liquid therein,
and its more effectual saturation by the gas. By using flexible tubes T and T¹
this oscillation of the saturator may be accomplished without disturbing the

page_text: gas generator and the bottling apparatus;and these tubes are preferable to
rigid tubes with moveable joints by reason of their less liability to leak and
become worn or loose at the joints. It is proposed to construct the tubes T
and 'T' of coiled iron wire coated with tin and covered with waterproof fabric,
or india-rubber, also covered with tinned iron wire.Each end of the tubes is
provided with a nut or union, which enables it to be readily coupled with the
generator or saturator. These tubes may, if desired, be composed of india-
rubber covered closely with wire, or of fabric and caoutchouc in successive
layers or thicknesses, or, indeed, of any other suitable material. The filling or
bottling of the "syphons," or receptacles for the aerated liquid is effected in the
following manner :-The tube T¹ is connected to the two-way cock F, one of
the passages communicating directly with the neck of the "syphou" S, whilst
the other allows the excess of fixed air, which prevents the complete filling of
the vessel, to escape by the pipe f. The "syphon "S, which is previously
reversed,is mounted upon the socket g, of a shape corresponding to the form
of the neck; the other part of the vessel S is supported by the frame g¹
secured to a plate attached to the rod ; this rod is jointed to a lever h¹
working on the fixed centre o. The spout of the "syphon " is kept firmly
pressed inside the socket i by raising the lever 1, which is retained in its
elevated position by means of the detent j and rack k. A second lever
working on a centre A, serves to open the valve of the syphon by pressing
against the handle thereof until the vessel is filled; in order to allow of the
escape of the air contained therein, the latter is in communication with the
pipe through the cock F. The filling or bottling and corking of ordinary
bottles is effected by the special apparatus represented at Figure 3. This
apparatus, which is fitted on to a suitable stand, consists of a frame G contain-
ing a brass socket H, against which is pressed the end of the neck of the
ordinary shaped bottle z, such bottle resting upon a plate I, secured by a rod
to a foot lever P, being capable of being raised or lowered thereby, and con-
sequently of being pressed against a packing ring of india-rubber (Figure 4).
The socket H is provided with a cock F, in connection with the pipe T¹, which
conducts the aerated water from the saturator B. Before filling the bottle a
cork is inserted into the socket H,after which the cock F is opened, and so
soon as the bottle is full the cork is pressed down by the rod M connected to
the lever N, which works on a centre in the moveable support or link n. A
buffer or stop m serves to limit the stroke of the lever. In order to avoid all
danger of the bursting of a "syphon" or bottle, a protecting cage R may be
placed round them, a stronger cage R¹ protecting the generator A; it is
secured to the staud by the rods r passed through feet or legs, shown in red

page_text: lines in the Drawing. It is proposed in some cases to place inside the satu-
rator an agitator with horizontal arms or blades, the axis of which passes
through a stuffing box, and is provided with a handle for rotating the same, or
the gas itself may be made to work the agitator by causing its jet s they
enter the liquid to impinge against a small fan or pallet wheel inside the
saturator. If desired, the process may be rendered continuous by dividing the
saturator into two compartments, the lower one being about double the
capacity of the upper one, and having the two pipes T and T'in communica
tion with it; this compartment should also communicate with the upper one
by a pipe furnished with a stop-cock, such pipe leading from the bottom of the
upper compartment, and entering the lower one slightly below the partition
between the two. The upper compartment should also be provided with a
filling mouth or aperture, closed by a screwed plug or other tight covering.
This aperture being closed, and the cock on the communicating tube open, the
level of the water in the lower com partment will remain always at the height
of the inlet mouth of the pipe, so long as the upper compartment contains
any water to supply to the lower one. The level of the water in the upper com-
partment may be inspected by having a glass indicator tube fitted on to the
apparatus. When the upper compartment is nearly empty the cock is closed,
and the stopper or cover removed, and more water is poured in, after which
the aperture is again closed, and the cock is opened to allow the water to
enter the lower compartment. Or,a force pump may be used, if preferred, for
keeping the saturator constantly supplied with water. When the generator
requires replenishing the cock t is closed, and the operation of filling or
bottling may be carried on without intermission from the saturator at the
same time that the generator is being replenished. If desired, a gas washer
may be interposed between the generator and the saturator, in which case this
supplementary apparatus would be mounted on a stand like the rest, and be
in communication on the one hand with the generator, and on the other with
the saturator through the pipes T and T. It is also proposed to use as the
generator a glass vessel surrounded by a strong metal casing or jacket, into
which latter thegas which is generated in the glass vessel enters, and therefore
by exerting an equal pressure on both sides of the glass vessel the rupture of
the same is prevented, whilst it is at the same time protected from external
blows or accidents by the surrounding metal jacket. By this arrangementalso
the sulphuric acid is never in contact with metallic surfaces, as it is merely the
gas which is in contact with the jacket or surrounding metallic casing. This
outer casing may, if desired, be made to constitute a gas washer, for which

page_text: purpose the space between the glass vessel and the metal jacket is filled with
water, into which dips a pipe conducting the gas from the glass generator.
Figure 6 represents a vertical section of a combined glass and metal gas
generator of the construction herein-before mentioned. The upper vessel A
intended to receive the bicarbonate of soda is screwed on to the lower or metal
vessel or jacket B, to the interior of which is fitted the neck of the glass
vessel C, which contains the diluted sulphuric acid. The water for washing
the gas is contained within the space between the glass vessel and the metal
jacket or vessel B. The pipe D conducts the gas which is generated in the
glass vessel C to the bottom of the water which surrounds it, and finally issues
from the generator by the orifice E and flexible pipe F. This same orifice E
serves also for the introduction of the water into the vessel B. The valve G,
(Figure 9), allows the bicarbonate of soda to descend at the will of the
operator into the vessel C containing the sulphuric acid; H is a pressure
guage, which enables the operator to regulate the supply of soda, and the con-
sequent generation of the gas, according to the pressure indicated by the
pressure guage. The vessels A and B are made either of copper or of sheet
iron coated with tin, lead, or enamel, or with any other suitable material not
liable to oxidation; the bottom of the vessel being a flat disc secured in its
place by bolts, the joint being packed by a washer of india-rubber or other
suitable material. The top of the vessel B is hemispherical or slightly rounded,
as shewn in Figure 6, and is connected to the sides by soldering or brazing.
It may, however, be made flat like the bottom, and secured by bolts in a
similar manner, as is shewn at Figure 7. This last arrangement is particu
larly applicable when using enamelled metal, by reason of the difficulty
attendant upon properly enamelling those parts when the solder or brazing is
applied. The top of the vessel A may also be made either rounded or flat,
and soldered, bolted, or rivetted to the sides of that vessel, as described in
reference to the vessel B.
Figure 8 represents on an enlarged scale the details of the means adopted
for connecting the vessels A and B, and the glass vessel C; I is a screwed
collar, cast in tin, pressing upon the flanges J of the vessel A. On this plug
is screwed the double screwed socket-piece K, provided with a stuffing box L,
(as shown in Figure 9), for the passage of the spindle of the valve G ; the
socket K serves to connect the upper vessel A to the lower one B,or rather
to its mounting M, which is secured to this latter vessel by the nut N, and
interposed packing ring O, at the end inside the vessel B; the mount M is
formed with an internal screw thread P to receive the divided ring Q, which

page_text: is placed in two halves round the neck of the glass vessel C, and serves to
connect it to the mount M. To the mount M is soldered at. R the tube D,
which descends into the water used for washing the gas. This mode of con-
necting and mounting the several vessels may, however, be modified in various
ways, as, for example, the socket K may be cast in one piece with or soldered
directly to the vessel A, thus dispensing with the screwed collar I; and the
mount M may be soldered on to the vessel B, in lieu of being fixed thereto
by the nut N. The divided ring Q may also be cast directly upon the neck
of the glass vessel C, in lieu of being applied thereto in two loose halves.
Figure 9 represents another modification of the mounts or fittings of the
vessel B; in this arrangement the vessel C is connected to the vessel B by
the double screwed socket S, which receives at T the screwed ring Q of the
glass vessel C. These methods of connecting the vessels together are given
merely as examples, as various other means may be adopted for that purpose
in carrying out the Invention.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that what I consider to be novel
and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is, the general construction,
arrangement, aud combination of apparatus for manufacturing and bottling
aerated liquids, as herein-before described and illustrated by the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this First day of January, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-two.
J. HENRY JOHNSON. (L.S.)