IMPROVEMENTS IN CUTTING SWEDISH TURNIPS, MANGEL WURZEL, AND OTHER ROOTS USED FOR FOOD FOR SHEEP, HORN CATTLE, AND OTHER ANIMALS
Year: 1838

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
GARDNER, of Banbury, in the County of Oxford, Ironmonger, send greeting..
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twelfth day of December, in the second year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
James Gardner, Her special license, full power, sole privilege and authority
that I, the said James Gardner, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said James Gardner, my exors, adiñors, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, ny Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CUTTING SWEDISH TURNIPS,
MANGEL WURZEL, AND OTHER ROOTS USED FOR FOOD FOR SHEEP, HORN CATTLE, AND
OTHER ANIMALS;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso,, that
I, the said James Gardner, shall cause a particular description of the nature
of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is. to be performed, to
be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited
Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will
more fully and at large appear..
NOW KNOW YE, that, in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
James Gardner, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and the

page_text: manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon,
that is to say:-
My Invention relates to certain constructions and combinations of cutting
edges or knives with other apparatus, in order to produce machines for
facilitating the cutting of turnips, mangel wurzel, and other roots for food for
animals.
And in order to give the best information in my power, I will proceed to
describe the Drawings hereunto annexed; but I would remark that the object
of the first combination of parts is to produce a machine which operates by
revolving cranked or bent cutters, in some respects similar to the Invention for
which a Patent was granted to me by His late Majesty King William the
Fourth, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of September, One thousand
eight hundred and thirty-four; and, secondly, the other combinations of appa-
ratus hereafter to be described differ from those heretofore invented by me,
inasmuch as the knives or cutting edges in the present machines are
fixtures, and having a ram or forcing instrument, by which the roods to
be cut are forced against and cut by the knives or cutting edges employed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 represents the section of a machine constructed according to the
first part of my Invention; Figure 2 is a plan thereof; Figure 3 shews a
perspective view of the cutters and frame which carries them; Figure 4 shews
the cutters or knives separately; and in each of these Figures the same letters
indicate similar parts, a, a, being the framing which carries the various
parts, the nature of which is clearly shown in the Drawing; 6 is the revolving
cutter frame; this revolving. frame consists of three surfaces of different
diameters 61, 62, 63, the object being to obtain a succession of steps or
cranks, or bends of the cutting edges or knives, which shall divide or cut the
roots into small portions; the frame b is affixed to and carried by an axis c,
turning in suitable bearings carried by the framing a; on to this frame b are
affixed the blades or knives h by screws or otherwise; d, d,. is the wood cover
which surrounds the cutting frame, and e is a hopper into which the roots are
supplied, and the cutting is performed by causing the cutting frame b to
revolve by means of the crank handle f; and g, g, are filling pieces placed
across the chamber in which the revolving cutting frame works; the cutting
edges or knives h, h, are bent at right angles to correspond with the succession

page_text: of steps in the frame b; by this means the portions cut will be square, but
this may be varied by differently shaping the cutting edges or knives, and it
should be remarked, that the cutting edges of the knives are bevilled inwards
to facilitate the cutting action. The cutting frame carries two bent or
cranked knives h. The portions of the roots cut by the series of cranks
or bends of each knife pass through the frame b, and fall down at the
enlarged end of the frame b, which is open, the smaller end of the frame b
being solid, and having a strong boss cast therewith, the frame 6 is thereby
affixed to its axis c, all which will readily be traced on examining the
Drawing; and it will only be desirable in respect to this machine to remark,
that although I have shown it to consist of three steps or bends of the knife,
it will be evident that this may be varied, and in place of having the frame in
a series of steps to correspond with the steps of the knives, the cranked
knives may be affixed to a frame of equal diameter at each end, having
grooves on the periphery to correspond with the figure of the bends of the
knives, and in such case the two knives should be so fixed on the frame as not
to cut in the same line, but to take the angles or projections produced by the
preceding cut, as is shewn at Figure 6; or similar cranked knives may be
fixed to the face of a revolving surface or wheel, as is shewn at Fig. 6. The
first described mode of using cranked knives being preferable for cutting
larger pieces for larger animals, and the last being preferable for cutting small
pieces for sheep.
I will now proceed to describe the second part of my Invention. Figure 7.
shews a side view, and Figure 7 a back view of the machine, constructed
according to this part of the Invention. A, A, is the framing of the machine,
the nature of which is clearly shown in the Drawing. In this arrangement
the turnips or other roots to be cut are fed into a frame composed of a system
of cutting edges or knives, so arranged, that on the turnips or roots being
pressed between the cutting edges or knives, and a block or ram which is of a
figure to fill or nearly to fill the frame of cutting edges or knives, the turnips
or other roots will be cut into small portions, depending on the arrangement
of cutting edges or knives, and those may be various, and I have shewn
different arrangements by which the nature and object of my Invention will
readily be understood. B is a frame containing the cutting edges or knives;
and C is a block or ram of wood or other suitable material. The cutting
frame B is carried by the lower framing A, as is shewn in the Drawing, and
the ram C is affixed to the guide rod D, which is guided in the framing of the
machine, as is shown at D', D³. The ram or block C is moved up and down
by means of the lever handle E; and F is a trough into which a supply of

page_text: roots to be cut is placed; Figure 8 is a plan, and Figure 9 is a section of the
cutting frame B, there being two descriptions of knives employed, as is shewn
at G and H. The knives G being set across the frame one below the other,
in such manner as gradually to produce a triangular frame of knives or cutting
edges, and the knives H consists of two angular cutting edges which are below
the knives G, and so placed that on portions of the roots which have been cut
by the cutting edges of the knives G coming against the edges of the knives
H, such pieces will be divided in their length. Figure 11 shows the plan of a
cutting frame B, wherein there are two sets of knives H in order to show
that the roots may by this arrangement be cut into any sizes required, my
Invention not depending on the number of knives or cutting edges G, H;
which may be employed in a machine, but to the mode of arranging the same
in combination with other parts. I is a stop, which prevents the ram or
block being forced into the frame too far, and it will be evident that if roots
be supplied by a workman by one hand into the frame B, and the ram or
block forced down by the other hand, turnips and other roots may be cut with
quickness and facility. Figure 12 shows a plan, and Figure 13 a section, of a
cutting frame B, wherein only knives G are employed; and Figures 13 and
14 shew two sections of another arrangement of knives in a cutting frame B;
Figure 15 shews a plan thereof, and the other Figures show the separate
parts. This frame B is made up of three forms of knives, G, G¹, and G2, part
of them being straight, and part bent once, and part bent twice, all which will
readily be understood on examining the Figures of the Drawing now under
description. And I would remark, that the shapes of the knives may be
varied, provided the machine is arranged according to the mode herein
described. And I would remark that although I prefer that the cutting or
knife frame B should be a fixture, and the block or ram moveable, as herein
explained, yet it will be evident that the parts might be so arranged that the
block or ram might be stationary, and the cutting frame made to move to the
ram; but these are all variations of the same mode of constructing my
Invention.
And I would have it understood that I make no claim to any of the parts
separately, and variations may be made in some of the parts without departing
from my Invention; but what I claim as the improvements secured by the
present Letters Patent, is,-
First, the modes of applying cranked or bended knives in constructing a
machine for cutting Swedish turnips, mangel wurzel, and other roots for the
food of sheep and other animals as is described, in respect to Figures 1, 2, 8,
4, 6, and 6.

page_text: And, secondly, I claim the mode of arranging the knives and constructing
a machine for cutting Sweedish turnips and other roots for the food of animals,