Improvements in water closets and Urinals.
Year: 1896

page_text: Improvements in water closets and Urinals.
We, J. DUCKETT AND SON LIMITED, of Mitre Sanitary Works, Burnley, in
the County of Lancaster, and JAMES DUCKETT of Woodleigh, Burnley aforesaid,
Sanitary Ware Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
The first part of our invention relates to an invention for which Letters Patent
were granted to us No. 9407 dated 4th May 1896 for "Improvements in waste or
slop water closets"; and is designed to secure a top flush without sinking the closet
floor below the yard level.
At the back of the dwelling house, we form a square bay window, projecting into
the yard preferably about twenty three inches. Into the window recess thus
formed, we fix a slopstone. Underneath this, we form a recess sufficiently large
to receive an automatic tilting vessel mounted in a container in the usual well
known manner. The top of the container and tilting vessel is about 21 inches
above floor of closet.
In connection with this tilting vessel, we build a small covered erection, with its
back against back wall of dwelling house. In this covered erection, we fix a
pedestal closet, having an annular basin with side inlet similar to that patented by
us numbered 9407 of 1896, but preferably with a flange junction.
We connect the pedestal with the said container by a four inch pipe, having
preferably a flanged joint at the end nearest the basin, and a socket at the
other end. By bolting the flange on the basin with the above, we firmly secure
them in position, and at the same time give facility for removing the basin when
required.
The top of the closet trap is formed with a socket, top of which is level with
floor of closet, bottom of pedestal having a lip to fit into this socket. The
apparatus is preferably made of glazed earthenware. The inside of trap at the
top is preferably nine inches diameter, and it slopes every way, so as to be only
5 inches diameter at water level in trap. Distance from annular channel to said
water level is about 17 inches.
The outlet from annular basin being only about 5 inches diameter, the water,
excreta et cetera, will fall vertically clear of the sides, and with considerable force
direct into the trap.
To the recess for the tipper underneath the bay window as described above, we
preferably fix a vertical iron grating, constructed with open spuces, to admit light
and air to the space under the slopstone. This grating being locked or otherwise
temporarily secured, prevents children or unauthorized persons from tampering
with the tilting vessel.
There is no connection between the closet and the dwelling, as we build a good
wall at back of recess for tipping vessel, and we fix a properly constructed trap to
the bottom of slopstone from which the water flows direct into the said tilting
vessel, and the usual waste pipe is omitted.
The floor of the closet may be level with the surface of the yard, which should
be about 7 inches below floor of dwelling.
This closet dispenses with the extension pipes usually fixed in slop water closets

page_text: under the closet seat, and the cost of nxing the closet, tipper, container
and drains is reduced.
To the closet basin or connecting pipe between the pedestal and the tilting vessel
may be fixed a vertical ventilating shaft.
Tilting vessel can be removed without disturbing the joints, and the trap is easy
of access.
The second part of our invention consists essentially in an improved arrangement
and combination of fresh water closet basin and flushing cistern in a new form,
being constructed together and placed underneath the closet seat. In this form
the closet is ready for fixing after it leaves the works, which is a decided
improvement over the usual method of constructing and fixing the flushing
cistern and closet basin separate and apart, and the cistern being under the seat
is less liable to freeze.
To accomplish the object of our invention, we form the closet basin and flushing
cistern in one piece of earthenware, but it may be made in separate pieces if desired.
The closet basin is an annular one with a central outlet to the trap, somewhat similar
to that described in Specification of Letters Patent granted to the said James
Duckett and one Alfred Duckett No. 12,126 dated 31st July 1889. Immediately
adjoining closet basin on one side (or at the back) and constructed with it in one
piece of ware, we have a small chamber or supply cistern, in which a ball tap is
fixed to regulate the supply of water to the closet. The outlet valve is preferably
in another chamber on one side or back, and is about 3 inches diameter. It is
actuated by a handle from the seat in the usual manner. A conduit leads from this
outlet to the channel of the annular basin.
In cases where a double valve is required, preferably we place it on the
opposite side of the basin to the ball chamber, so that when the outlet valve is
opened by the pull handle the other is closed. We connect the two chambers
together with a pipe.
The object of this arrangement is to prevent needless waste of water in cases
where the pull handle has been packed by malicious or mischievous persons.
The third part of our invention relates to improvements in the construction and
arrangement of public urinals in combination with water closets, to utilize for
flushing water closets, the water, which has been previously used for flushing
urinals. To accomplish this, we fix a lipped water or urine trough the same
length as may be necessary for the number of stalls required. We prefer the
bottom of this trough to be made flat, and the sides vertical or nearly so, with
the internal angles rounded. This form of trough is designed to contain a
sufficient volume of water with little depth, say about 1 inches, so as to offer
little resistance to the flush, and lessen the tendency of some of the water to
rebound and return before it reaches the outlet.
We connect the trough to one or two pedestal closets which have an annular
basin or basins with flushing rim or rims, and are flushed by an overhead cistern or
cisterns, placed above the seat or seats. These small cisterns, which are supplied
with fresh water in the usual manner, are to flush about one gallon each or sufficient
to cleanse the aunular channel only. We place a special trap under the pedestal
as mentioned in the first part of our invention. To flush this trap and the drain,
above water line in the trap we form a socket, with which to connect outlet pipe
from the urinals.
When thus connected, the waste water after leaving the urinal, instead of
passing away direct to the outlet drain as usual, is conducted through the said
trap. The closet or closets are placed as near the urinals as circumstances will
allow.
For flushing the urinals and closet or closets, we fix overhead an automatic tilting
vessel, say of about six gallons capacity for four urinals, so constructed and centred
that when the outlet end of tipper is near the bottom of container, this part will
stand for a few seconds nearly horizontal to hold back a portion of the water from
quickly eutering the outlet pipe, and in this way we fill the trough very slowly at

page_text: last, and so leave the water at the end of each flush level with the weir at the
outlet end of trough.
We prefer the pipe from tipper to trough to be three inches diameter, and to
terminute at the bottom end with a bend three inches diameter diminishing to a
long narrow slit three eighths of an inch wide at the bottom, where it joins the
trough. This arrangement secures a broad sheet of water rushing along with rapid
force whenever the tipper tilts, thoroughly flushing the trough, conduits basio,
outlet trap and the drains beyond.
If preferred, the tipper may be tilted by a lever, actuated by hand, but for the
purpose, we prefer it to work automatically. Between the urinal and closet, we fix
an ordinary trap, but when two closets are flushed by one range of urinals, this trap
has a top inlet, and two outlets, fixed side by side, and connected with the basin of
the trap at a suitable and uniform level. The water from the trough passes through
the trap and out through the said two side outlets at practically the same speed,
through each conduit, then entering and flushing each closet. The urinal trough
is provided with a spacious outlet, which is covered loosely with a curved piece,
by removing which ready access may be had to the trap just mentioned for cleansing
purposes.
This curved overhanging cover prevents the splashing and rebounding of the
water during the exceptionally strong flush, which takes place on the tilting of the
tipper.
It will be seen that the closet or closets have each a double flush, first with
fresh water by lifting a handle, when using the closet, second by the powerful
intermittent flush from the automatic tilting of the tipper as described.
We claim that although we secure double the usual force and quantity of water
for flushing the closets as compared with the ordinary fresh water flush, yet we
require less than half the usual quantity of fresh water for the purpose, as one
gallon of fresh water is quite sufficient (when applied in the manner described) to
Alush the solid matter out of the annular channel in each closet, this being soon
followed by say a 6 gallon flush from the tipper.
Either one or two closets may be connected with a four stall urinal, the trough
of which we prefer to hold four gallons of water, and to be flushed with a six gallon
tipper.
In the fourth part of our invention, we make a novel combination water closet,
adapted for outside closets for cottages etc. to be flushed by both alop and fresh
water alternately. To do this we fix a pedestal closet having an annular basin and
flushing rim, flushing cistern and trap, substantially as described in the third part.
of our invention, but instead of fixing the trap as therein mentioned, we sink it
into the ground some eighteen inches below closet floor or at such depth as may be
required to receive into the trap for flushing purposes waste water from the dwelling,
on the usual well known lines.
A pipe preferably nine inches diameter connects the trap with the pedestal. This
arrangement with these dimensions prevents the possibility of the said nine inch
pipe getting soiled with urine or excreta.
It is intended that the fresh water cistern shall be made of very small dimensions,
to flush not more than half the usual quantity used for flushing fresh water closets,
as this is quite sufficient when applied in the manner set forth. Only sufficient fresh
water is required to remove any solid matter, which may happen to have fallen into
the annular channel, which is preferably only inch deep. There is a vertical drop
from the annular channel to water line in closet trap of about 3 feet. This is a
great advantage, especially as we desire to use only a small volume of fresh water
for flushing. We depend mainly on the powerful intermittent flush of slop water
as previously described.
The fifth part of our invention has reference to the hinging of closet seats.
Instead of fixing the hinges to the closet seat and its back rail as usual, we make
the back rail of ware in one piece with the closet, and we form the hack part of the
hinge with a dovetail; which we lead into au undercut hole, socket or opening made

page_text: in the ware.
The front part of the hinge is secured by screw nails or the like to
the seat in the usual manner.
Dated this 27th day of July 1896.
F. RICHMOND,
12, Standish Street, Burnley, Agent for the Applicants.
Improvements in Water Closets and Urinals.
We, J. DUCKETT AND SON, LIMITED, of Mitre Sanitary Works, Burnley,
in the County of Lancaster, and JAMES DUCKETT of Woodleigh, Burnley,
aforesaid Sanitary Ware Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The first part of our invention relates to an invention for which Letters Patent
were granted to us No. 9407 dated 4th May 1896 for "Improvements in waste
or slop water closets"; and is designed to secure a top flush without sinking
the closet floor below the yard level. At the back of the dwelling house, we
form a square bay window, projecting into the yard preferably about 23 inches.
Into the window recess thus formed we fix a slop-stone. Underneath this, we
form a recess sufficiently large to receive an automatic tilting vessel mounted in
a container in the usual well known manner.
The top of container and tilting vessel is about 21 inches above floor of closet.
In connection with this tilting vessel, we build a small covered erection, with
its back against back wall of dwelling house. In this covered erection we fix
a pedestal closet, having an annular channel in the basin with side inlet similar
to that patented by us numbered 9407 of 1896, but preferably with a flange
junction. We connect the pedestal with the said container by a 4 inch pipe,
having preferably a flanged joint at the end nearest the basin, and a socket at
the other end.
By bolting the flange on basin with the above, we firmly secure them in
position, and at the same time give facility for removing the basin when
required. The top of closet trap is formed with a socket, top of which is level
with floor of closet, bottom of pedestal having a lip to fit into this socket. The
apparatus is preferably made of glazed earthenware.
The inside of trap at the top is preferably 9 inches diameter, and it slopes
Distance
every way so as to be only 5 inches diameter at water level in trap.
from annular chanuel to said water level is about 17 inches.
The outlet from the said annular basin being only about 5 inches diameter,
the water, excreta, etcetera, will fall vertically clear of the sides. In the recess
for the tipper underneath the bay window as described above, we preferably
fix a vertical iron grating, constructed with open spaces, to admit light and air
to the space underneath the slopstone. This grating being locked or otherwise
temporarily secured, prevents children or unauthorised persons from tampering
with the tilting vessel.
There is no untrapped connection between the closet and the dwelling, as we
build a good wall at back of recess for tipping vessel, and we fix a properly
constructed trap to the bottom of slopstone, from which the water flows direct
into the said tilting vessel, and the usual waste pipe is omitted.
The floor of the closet may be level with the surface of yard, which should
be about 7 inches below floor of dwelling.
This closet dispenses with the extension pipes usually fixed in slop-water

page_text: closets immediately under the closet seat, and the cost of fixing the closet,
tipper, container and drains is reduced. To the closet basin or connecting pipe
between the pedestal and the tilting vessel may be fixed a vertical ventilating
shaft. Tilting vessel can be removed without disturbing the joints, and the trap
is easy of access.
For the purpose of making this first part of our invention clear we annex
drawings on Sheet 1. marked Fig. 1, Fig. 2, and Fig. 3. Fig. 1 is part elevation
and part longitudinal section. Fig. 2 is sectional plan, and Fig. 3 is part
elevation and transverse section of our apparatus. A is the slopstone, B the
sink trap, C the recess under window, D the tilting vessel, E the container,
F the floor of dwelling, G the yard level, H the iron grating to protect tipper,
J the hay window, K the connecting pipe, L the flanged joint, M the annular
basin, N the trap, O the ventilating pipe.
In this
The scond part of our invention consists essentially in an improved arrange-
ment and combination of fresh water closet basin and flushing cistern in a new
form, being constructed together and placed underneath the closet seat.
form the closet is ready for fixing after it leaves the works, which is a deciled
improvement over the usual method of constructing and fixing the flushing
cistern and closet basin seperate and apart, and the cistern being under the seat
is less liable to freeze.
To accomplish the object of our invention, we form preferably the closet
basin and flushing cistern in one piece of earthenware, but it may be made in
other materials and in seperate pieces, if desired.
The closet basin is an annular one with a central outlet to the trap, somewhat
similar to that described in Specification of Letters Patent granted to the said
James Duckett and one Alfred Duckett, No. 12,126 dated 31st July 1889.
Immediately adjoining closet basin on one side (or at the back) and constructed
with it in one piece of ware, we have a small chamber or supply cistern, in
which a ball tap is fixed to regulate the supply of water to the closet. The
outlet valve is preferably in another chamber on one side or back, and is about
3 inches in diameter. It is actuated by a handle from the seat in the usual
manner. A conduit leads from this outlet to the channel of the annular basin.
In cases where a double valve is required, preferably we place it on the
opposite side of the basin to the ball chamber, so that when the outlet valve
is opened by the pull handle the other is closed. We connect the two chambers
together with a pipe. The object of this arrangement is to prevent needless
waste of water in cases where the pull handle has been packed by malicious or
mischievous persons.
For the purpose of making this second part, of our invention clear, we annex
drawings on Sheet 1. marked Fig. 4 and Fig. 5. Fig. 4 is vertical section and
Fig. 5 sectional plan of the apparatus. P is the ball tap, Q the outlet valve,
R the connecting pipe between the two chambers, S. S. the chambers forming
the cistern, T the conduit between Alushing chamber S and annular basin, U is
the annular basin, V the closet trap.
The third part of our invention relates to improvements in the construction and
arrangement of public urinals in combination with water closets, to utilise for
flushing water closets the water which has been previously used for flushing
urinals. To accomplish this, we fix a lipped water or urine trough the same
length as may be necessary for the number of stalls required. We prefer the
bottom of this trough to be made flat and the sides vertical or nearly so, with
the internal angles rounded.
This form of trough is designed to contain a sufficient volume of water with
little depth, say about 1 inches; so as to offer little resistance to the flush,
and lessen the tendency of some of the water to rebound and return before it
reaches the outlet. We connect the trough to one or two pedestal closets which
have an annular basin or basins with flushing rim or rims and are flushed by
an overhead cistern or cisterns placed above the seat or seats.

page_text: These small cisterns, which are supplied with fresh water in the usual manner,
are to flush about one gallon each or sufficient to cleanse the annular channel
only. We place a special trap under the pedestal as mentioned in the first part
of our invention. To flush this trap, and the drain, above water line in the trap
we form a socket, with which to connect outlet pipe from urinals.
When thus connected, the waste, water after leaving the urinals instead of
passing away direct to the outlet drain as usual, is conducted through the said
trap. The closet or closets are placed as 'near the urinals as circumstances will
allow. For flushing the urinals and closet or closets we fix overhead an automatic
tilting vessel say of about 6 gallons capacity for four urinals, so constructed and
centred that when the outlet end of tipper is near the bottom of container, this
part will 'stand for a few seconds nearly horizontal to hold back a portion of tho
water from quickly entering the outlet pipe, and in this way we fill the trough
very slowly at last, and so leave the water at the end of each flush level with the
weir at the outlet end of trough. We prefer the fall pipe from tipper to trough to be
:3 inches diameter and to terminate at the bottom end with a bend 3 inches diameter
at the top and diminishing to a long narrow slit the width of the trough and three-
eights of an inch wide at the bottom where it joins the trough. This arrangement
secures a broad sheet of water rushing along with rapid force whenever the tipper
tilts, thoroughly flushing the trough, conduits, basin, outlet trap and the drains
beyond.
я
If preferred, the tipper may be tilted by a lever actuated by hand, but for the
purpose, we prefer it to work automatically. Between the urinal and closet, we
fix an ordinary trap, but when two closets are flushed by one range of urinals, this
trap has a top inlet and two outlets; fixed side by side, and connected with the
basin of the trap at a suitable and uniform level. The water from the trough
passes through this trap and out through the said two side outlets at practically the
same speed, through each conduit, then entering and flushing each closet. The
urinal trough is provided with a spacious outlet, which is covered loosely with a
curved piece, by removing which ready access may be had to the trap just
mentioned for cleansing purposes. This curved overhanging cover prevents the
splashing and rebounding of the water during the exceptionally strong flush, which
takes place on the tilting of the tipper. It will be seen that the closet or closets
have each a double flush, first with fresh water by lifting a handle when using the
closet, second by the powerful intermittant flush from the automatic tilting of the
tipper as described. We claim that although we secure double the usual force and
quantity of water for flushing the closets as compared with the ordinary fresh water
flush, yet we require less than half the usual quantity of fresh water for the
purpose, as one gallon of fresh water is quite sufficient (when applied in the
manner described) to flush the solid matter out of the annular channel in each
closet, this being soon followed by say a six gallon flush from the tipper.
Either one or two closets may be connected with a four stall urinal, the trough
of which we prefer to hold four gallons of water, and to be flushed with a six gallon
tipper.
For the purpose of making this third part of our invention clear we annex
drawings on Sheet No. 2, marked Fig. 6, Fig. 7, and Fig. 8. Fig. 6 is a transverse
section, Fig. 7. is a part elevation and longitudinal section, and Fig. 8. is a plan of
our apparatus partly in horizontal section. a is the lipped trough, b. b. are pedestal
closets with annular basins, c. c. flushing cisterns.to same, d. is special closet trap
with inlet from urinals, e. is an automatic tilting vessel, f. is the container, g. is the
fall pipe, the special bend to connect with urinal trough, j. is the urinal trap
and . the loose cover, l. is the connecting pipe between urinal trough and closet
trap.
In the fourth part of our invention we make a novel combination, water closet,
adapted for outside closets for cottages, etc., to be flushed by both slop and fresh
water alternately. To do this, we fix a pedestal closet having an annular basin
flushing cistern and trap, substantially as described in the third part of our

page_text: invention but instead of fixing the trap as therein mentioned we sink it into the
ground some eighteen inches below closet floor or at such depth as may be required
to receive into the trap for flushing purposes waste water from the dwelling, on the
usual well known lines. A pipe preferably nine inches diameter connects the trap
with the pedestal. This arrangeinent with these dimensions prevents the possibility
of the said nine inch pipe getting soiled with urine or excreta.
It is intended that the fresh water cistern shall be made of very small dimensions
to flush not more than half of the usual quantity used for flushing fresh water
closets, as this is quite sufficient when applied in the manner set forth, only
sufficient fresh water is required to remove any solid matter, which may happen to
have fallen into the annular channel which is preferably only inch deep. There
is a vertical drop from the annular channel to water line in closet trap of about.
3 feet. This is a great advantage especially as we desire to use only a small
volume of fresh water for flushing. We depend mainly on the powerful intermittent.
flush of slop water as previously described.
For the purpose of making this fourth part of our invention clear we annex
drawings on Sheet 3. marked Fig. 9. Fig. 10. and Fig. 11.
Figs. 9 and 10 are sectional plans and Fig. 11. is a sectional elevation of our
apparatus. m is the flushing pipe from fresh water cistern, n is the pedestal with
annular basin, o is the 9 inch pipe, p is the inlet drain for slop water to feed.
tipper q, r. is the tipper container and pan, s. is the closet trap and t. the closet.
Hoor.
The fifth part of our invention has reference to the hinging of closet seats..
Instead of fixing the hinges to the closet seat and its back rail as usual, we make
the back rail of ware in one piece with the closet, and we form the back part of
the hinge with a dovetail, which we lead into an undercut hole, socket or opening
made in the ware. The front part of the hinge is secured by screws, nails or the
like to the seat in the usual manner.
For the purpose of making this fifth part of our invention clear we annex
drawings on Sheet 2. marked Fig. 12. and Fig. 13. Fig. 12. is a section and
Fig. 13. a plan of our arrangement.
y is the undercut hole, v. the back part of the hinge, w. the closet seat, and ..
the ware.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tions, and in what manner the same are to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is:-
1. The combination of a top-flushed wash down slop-water closet with an
automatic tilting vessel and container and connecting pipe substantially as.
described herein and shewn on the drawings.
2. The improved arrangement and combination of a fresh water closet basin
and flushing cistern placed on a level below closet seat substantially as described
herein and shewn on the drawings.
3. A wash-down pedestal closet flushed by fresh water supplemented by waste-
water from urinals substantially as described herein and shewn on the drawings.
4. A urinal trough with contracted flushing inlet arranged to flush one or more
water closets substantially as described herein and shewn on the drawings.
5. A wash down pedestal closet flushed by fresh water supplemented by slop.
water from dwellings substantially as described herein and shewn on the
drawings..
6. The method of binging closet seats substantially as described and illustrated.
F. RICHMOND,
Agent.