Im- PROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES, AND VARIOUS PARTS OF THE
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Uriah Scott, of No. 1, North Street, Fitzroy Square,
in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention of "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES, AND VARIOUS PARTS OF THE
Sealed the 25th September 1869, and dated the 3rd April 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Uriah Scott at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd April 1869.
I, URIAH SCOTT, of No. 1, North Street, Fitzroy Square, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES, AND VARIOUS
PARTS OF THE SAME, SOME OF WHICH MAY BE USED FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be
as follows:-
-
First. The improvements consist in a method of opening and closing
the covered heads of carriages and the covered trucks for railways.
I adopt the following methods, videlicet, I place a cog wheel in each
quarter of the carriage, so as to turn freely; I then connect a rod to each
Price 817

page_text: of the cog wheels with a pin or bolt. I fix the other ends of the rods to
brackets attached to the pillars of the carriage; the brackets are to be
placed some distance above the joints. I make the rods rather longer
than will reach the brackets, and make holes at their extreme ends; to
these rods I fix other rods that will reach to the top rail that overhangs
the doorway of the carriage; to the ends of the rail I make a hinge
joint with lugs at their ends; to these ends I fix the other end of the
rod, to cause the head of the carriage to open and shut. I make curved
ratchets to fit the bottom sides of the cog wheels, so as to act on all four
cog wheels together. I connect the ratchets together by a cross bar; to
this cross bar I fix a rod, and carry it towards the driver's seat, and fix
to the other end of this rod a ratchet and pinion with a handle; to open
the carriage head I turn the handle one way, and to close the head I
reverse it. I can also use a worm and ratchet, or similar contrivance, to
open and close the heads of carriages from the coachmen's seat. When
I wish to open the heads of carriages from the inside instead of from
the coachman's seat, I dispense with the ratchets in the carriage and the
ratchet and worm on the coachman's seat. I fix a pinion to each pillar
below the joint with a small handle to each; these pinions are to fit to
the upper parts of the cog wheels, as mentioned in the other plan, with
the fittings also the same. I also use another plan in lieu of cog wheel
and pinions and ratchets for the heads of carriage. I take a circular rod
and fix one in each quarter of the carriage, and on these rods I place
metal spiral springs, or india-rubber buffing springs. I then fit a curved
socket with two projecting flanges to slide on the circular rod; to the
upper flange I fit the rods, similar as when I use the cog wheels; or I
use a socket and stop to the top rail to prevent its being drawn over too
far. The spiral or india-rubber springs will always keep the carriage
head up; but to draw it down I fix a band of leather or a cord or chain,
or other similar contrivance to the bottom flange on the curved socket ;
these bands or cords I carry towards the coachman's seat, and by the
use of a ratchet. and worm or similar contrivance when the band is
wound up it will lower the head, and when it is released the head will
close by the power of the spiral or india-rubber springs. The bands or
cords can be placed to any other part of the head of the carriage to
draw it down, or the worm and ratchet can be dispensed with on the
coachman's seat, and the head can be lowered from the inside of the
carriage. In making the frames to receive the covering for carriage
heads, I dispense with the use of hoop sticks in some cases, and use

page_text: instead a light framing jointed so as to form the head to receive the
leather or windows; to make this frame to open and shut I use the
connecting rods attached to the cog wheels or the sliding sockets before
mentioned. For the covering of railway trucks I adapt the above and
following plan:-At the bottom of the truck I place a metal shaft
long enough to project through the two ends of the truck; on each end
of this shaft I fix a pinion wheel, the ends of the shaft to be made
square or other shape, so that a key with a handle can be applied to
make it revolve; two cog wheels are to be fitted to these pinions on the
outside of the ends of the truck; to the shafts that the cog wheels are
attached to at the ends of the trucks I have two metal levers made to
revolve freely; I then fix two circular rods to the tops of the ends of the
trucks; I then place a number of metal rings or sliding sockets to them;
to the sockets or rings I fix the covering of the truck. The two moveable
levers attached to the cog wheels are also fixed to the circular rods at the
end of the truck, so that when the pinions are turned with the handle
they will act on the cog wheels and move the levers, so as to cause either
side of the truck to open by turning the handle to the right or left.
Secondly. The making of brakes for railway and other carriages for
common roads. I fix on the axle or body of the carriage a metal
bracket with two lugs with holes (through them to receive a bolt or pin.
I then fix a lever to these lugs, and just in front I make a spring of
india-rubber or steel, so as to exert on this lever a pressure downwards;
I make the lever sufficiently long to grip the periphery of the wheel
below the outer circle; at the end of the lever that grips the wheel I
have a metal roller lined with india-rubber to prevent the shock to the
carriage when the brake is put on too suddenly. This brake lever is to
have a rod or cord fixed to it, and carried to the driver's seat, and fitted
to a small lever on the footboard, so that by placing his feet on the lever
he will release the skid, and if he should leave his seat the wheels will
always be skidded. The method can be used for railways, so as to skid
the whole of the wheels; the levers are to be fitted to the framing of
the carriage similar, but the brake levers are to have the connecting rods
and couplings to connect the whole of the brakes together, and they
are to be acted upon from the guard's van by a ratchet and wheel, or
similar contrivance.

page_text: doorway of the carriages, or they can be made to slide within or outside
of the body. To allow the door to move easily I make india-rubber
rollers or wheels with metal wearing surfaces, to act as antifriction
wheels, and prevent the door rattling; these wheels can be used for
other purposes.
I also make the whole of the doors to open and shut
at one time by a method acted upon from the guard's van. I should
pass rods or any similar contrivance through the whole length of the
carriage, and fix these to the sliding doors, and have couplings between
each carriage, so as to connect the levers to each other the whole length
of the train, and carry the end to the guard's van, to be acted upon by a
pinion and wheel, or other similar contrivance. These doors can be
assisted by the use of springs.
Fourthly. In the making of locks for carriages I use a pinion wheel,
and make the bottom or top side of the bolt as a ratchet to work with
the pinion. I, to save space, insert a small spring also in the bolt of the
lock to keep it in its position; this bolt and spring, and ratchet and
pinion can be used to release the tongues of coach and other buckles.
Fifthly. The making of springs for lamp sockets and blinds for
carriages. For keeping the candle in its position in the lamp 1 use
the tensile and contractile power of india-rubber. I also use a weight
and pulley wheel to keep the candle in its position. In making springs
for carriage blinds I take two or more cords of india-rubber and fix one
end firmly, and twist the cords a sufficient number of times, so as to get
enough power to keep the roller in any position required; these springs
can be applied to other blinds beside carriages.
Sixthly. In making body and spring couplings for connecting springs
together and the springs to the bodies of carriages I make the
couplings of metal, and line them with india-rubber, felt, leather, or
other similar material.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Uriah Scott in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 2nd October 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, URIAH
Scorr, of 1, North Street, Fitzroy Square, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Third day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Uriah Scott, Her special licence that
I, the said Uriah Scott, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Uriah Scott, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY AND OTHER
CARRIAGES, AND VARIOUS PARTS OF THE SAME, SOME OF WHICH MAY BE USED FOR
OTHER PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Uriah Scott, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Uriah Scott, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
First. The improvements consist in a method of opening and closing
the covered heads of carriages and the covered trucks for railways.
Fig. 1 shews a quarter of a carriage with the apparatus fitted. a, a,
body of carriage; b, cog wheel fitted to rack c; d, rod fixed to bracket
to the pillar which has a cog wheel fixed to the pin passing through the
bracket in connection with a rack and rode which is fixed to the cant
rail over the door. I fit up each quarter of the carriage similar.
1 jam
the racks on each side together; I then connect the racks by a cross bar;
to this cross bar I fix a rod and carry it towards the driver's seat and
fix to the other end of this a rack and a worm to act upon it. To the
shaft that passes through the worm I fix a handle; by turning it one
way it will open it and the reverse will close it. I do not confine
myself to this plan, but a cog wheel and rack or similar contrivance can

page_text: be applied. A is a quarter of a carriage fitted up to open and close from
the inside a small cog wheel fitted with a handle; B, cog wheel acted
on by the smaller one; the other parts are fitted similar, as shewn in
Fig. 1, each quarter to have the same fittings. B is a quarter of a
carriage to be acted on from the coachman's seat or from the inside.
a, a, india-rubber with metal flange between them on metal rod, one
end bearing on rocker and the other end working up tube fixed to
bracket on the pillar; c, metal flap fixed to cant rail over the door;
d, metal rod passing through bracket; e, india-rubber ring, one end
fixed to end of rod d and the other to stud. In lieu of india-rubber I
use metal spiral springs or the tensile power of the india-rubber. These
springs will always keep the carriage head up, but to open it I fix a
cord or similar contrivance to the flap projecting from the top or cant
rail and carry the cord through pulleys to the coachman's seat, and by
a rack and worm with pulleys for the cord to wind upon; when the
cord is wound up it will lower the head, and when it is released the head
will close by the power of the spiral or india-rubber springs. C is
a method of fitting up a carriage with india-rubber or spiral springs.
a, a, metal rod with india-rubber springs and metal washers between
each; b, rod with socket to move on rod a; c, bracket with arm fitted
to pillar, the other end fitted to socket rod; when the head is drawn
down the socket travels along the rod a and compresses the springs, and
when released throws the head up again. The same means to be em-
ployed to draw down the head as described in letter B. In this Drawing
I shew the method of making a framing to receive the covering, or when
no leather is used at the sides I can use windows; the framing can be
made of iron or wood and iron. The pin joints shew how it will fall or
rise with the opening and closing of the head. To make this framing
act I fix a rod to the sliding socket or to the cog wheels in the Drawing
letter A and Fig. 1. Fig. D is an end view of opening and closing the
covered heads of railway trucks. Near the bottom of the truck is a
shaft with a small cog wheel; this shaft is to pass the whole length to
the outer end and to be fitted with a small cog wheel a which is made
to act on cog wheel b; to the pin which passes through the centre I fit
two metal arms to revolve freely. c, c, the ends have sockets which
slide on the curved rod e fixed to framing of truck, on this curved rod
I place rings to fix the covering to; when I wish to open the top I
pin the arm to the side I wish to open to cog wheel b and by turning a
handle fitted to the cog a; the two ends of the truck are to be fitted up

page_text: similar and can be opened from each end, or by worm and rack from the
sides or cog wheel on shaft.
Figure 2 shews a method of making breaks for railway and other
carriages. a, metal plate with lugs to fix the break rod to be a bolt;
c, rod passing plate a; d, india-rubber spring to keep rod down; e, part
of a wheel. These breaks can be made to act on the iron hoops at the
back of stock of the wheel; by using the same plan the brakes can be
attached to the draw rods of railway carriages to put them on and off to
be acted on by the locomotive or by pulleys or levers carried to guard's
van or common road carriages the coachman on the horse can put on the
break by a rope attached to traces or shafts or pole of the carriage, or
treadle lever, or other method under the command of the lever.
Thirdly. Making railway doors to slide in slots made in the pillars of
the carriage, and I make india-rubber bowls or wheels with metal
wearing surfaces to make the door slide easy and prevent its rattling; I
also make the whole of the doors to be opened at one time or shut, acted
upon frame the guard's van by rods or similar means, so as to connect
the whole of the doors are each side together and to have couplings
between each carriage so as to connect the whole of the rods to each
other the whole length of the train, and carry the end to the guard's van
to be acted on by a rack and cog wheel; the doors can be assisted by
springs. A, a carriage door; b, india-rubber wheels; c shewing an
india-rubber wheel; d, metal tube; e, metal hand. These india-rubber
wheels can be applied to other purposes, A showing how they can be
applied isolate the axle box from the guard; a, the axle guard; b, metal
flanges fixed on cylinder of india-rubber wheel c; e, horn with lugs to
fix it to axle box f; g, metal socket for bolt to pass through; the bolt h.
Fourthly. Making carriage locks. I use a small cog wheel, and ou
the bolt I form a rack to move the bolt to and fro, or in some cases
I can use a follower fitted to bolt, and to save space one or more small
spring of india-rubber or spiral or coiled metal is inserted in the bolt
of the lock; these small springs can be inserted in the frame of buckles
to release the tongue, and they can be applied to keep lamp irons from
rattling in their sockets. Fig. 3 is a lock; b, bolt; c, c, springs;
d, small cog wheel. B is a lock; a, bolt; c, stud; d, india-rubber
spring. C is a bolt with metal stud; d, india-rubber spring; e, the lock
plate to have indentions for metal stud to press into when moved round
by a key or handle.

page_text: Fifthly. Making lamp sockets for candles. For keeping the candle in
position I use the tensile action of india-rubber. Fig. 5; a, metal
socket; c, rod for candle; d, india-rubber; e, guide socket.
In the using
of india-rubber for carriage blinds I take one or more cards of india-
rubber and fix one end firmly and the other a loose end; I then twist
them a certain number of times so as to get enough power to keep the
roller in any position. I use a small india-rubber spring with stud to
keep it from running up. These springs rollers can be applied to the
Venetian blinds and all kinds of spring rollers. Fig. 4; a, the barrel ;
b, b, two hooks to fix india-rubber B; c, c, the two ends to fit in
brackets; d, metal stud to fit in slot; e, india-rubber spring; f, ƒ,
two pulleys when used to draw up Venetian blinds. Letter L shews one
of the india-rubber wheels as applied to a blind pulley; a, frame bracket;
e, pulley wheel; c, india-rubber wheel pressing on pulley; d, india-
rubber spring on slide; e nut.
Sixthly. In making body and frame and spring couplings to isolate
springs, axles, and axle boxes, guards, and other parts of the carriage
from each other, I fix most of these couplings with the parts attached
together by pressure so as to take most of the elasticity out of the india-
rubber or other material. Letter A is a coupling for springs; a, iron
band; b, bolt; c, india-rubber. Letter B is also a coupling; a, iron
band; b, india-rubber. D is a socket lined with india-rubber to use as
a body spring and other purposes; a, metal socket with flanges; B, india-
rubber; c, outside case; d, india-rubber washer; e, nut; f, flange.
E, spring iron to fix springs to; e, india-rubber; d, lug head bolt ;
e, flange; f, nut. F is a spring frame; o, india-rubber; f, bolt; d, scroll
iron to fix the spring to. G is a case to isolate axles and spring from
metal; a, india-rubber; b, spring; c, c, bolts to fix it to or an axle box.
H, end view of case; a, india-rubber; b, spring; c, lid to case to be put
on under pressure; d, bolt to keep the lid down. I, case to isolate the
axle from the guard; a, axle guard; e, india-rubber; d, metal casing to
protect the india-rubber from friction. J is another plan; a, axle guard;
c, metal covering; d, india-rubber; e, axle box. K is a method of
fixing springs to each other to allow them to lengthen equal; a, the
top plate to spring with fixd lug; b, india-rubber wheel faced with metal;
c, bottom plate to spring; d, india-rubber roller. N is an end view of
K, spring a, top plate; b, india-rubber; c, bottam plate; d, india-
rubber roller; e, e, bolts. M is an elastic socket for the ends of springs

page_text: and for all kinds of couplings; a, a, two metal flanges; b,india-rubber;
c, the nut; these sockets can be made with balls passing through with
loose plugs, or the socket can be tapped to receive flange and nut.
R is a lamp socket fitted with small india-rubber springs similar to the
locks; a, lamp iron; b, socket; c, stud; d, india-rubber spring.
S shewing the spring fixed to top of socket; a, lamp iron; b, socket;
c, stud; d, india-rubber. T shewing a twisted piece of india-rubber
similar to the blind, Fig. 4, to be used for exerting a pressure against
doors of the carriage to keep them closed and to other purposes;
u, bottom barrel with lug to fix it to door pillow; top cup with arm b
to press against the doors; e, india-rubber to form a twisted spring.
Fig. 5 shews part of a buckle fitted with one of the lock studs to
release the tongue of the buckle when under pressure; a, buckle frame;
b, metal stud to be partly withdrawn when the tongue is to be released
c, india-rubber spring to keep the stud in its position; d, the tongue ;
the buckles can be applied to other purposes besides carriages.
In witness whereof, I, the said Uriah Scott, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Second day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
URIAH SCOTT. (L.S.)