IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TIP-CARTS, AND IN BRAKES THEREFOR
Year: 1884

page_text: I GEORGE EDWARD TESTER, of Kirkdale Road Tunbridge Wells in the County.
of Kent Wheelwright do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TIP-CARTS, AND IN BRAKES THEREFOR,"
to be as follows:-
The objects of my invention is to construct tip-carts in such a manner that the
load can be balanced and rendered easy for the horse, when proceeding downhill,
and such balancing is accompanied by the putting on of the brake to prevent
too rapid a descent on an incline.
The shafts are hinged to the bottom frame of the cart, the centre as usual. The
shaft is fitted with a toothed rack which passes vertically through a prolongation
of the lower frame in front of the cart. Above this prolongation of the lower
frame a transverse axle is fitted, upon which is fitted one or more pinions to take
into and actuate the rack or racks on the shaft or shafts. A lever is fitted to this
pinion axle on the "near" side of the cart, to be actuated by the carman when
required. A pulley or sheave is also fitted to and made fast upon the pinion axle.
This sheave is provided to receive a few turns of a chain leading to the main brake
spring herein after mentioned. A ratchet and pawl are also fitted to the pinion
axle.
The brake block or blocks is or are fitted to the nave of both wheels. Where
two blocks are used they are connected together by a transverse bar, in such a
manner that they act simultaneously upon both wheels.
A powerful main spring is fitted to each brake block, which spring is caused to
act by means of the chain before mentioned with more or less force, as required.
Another, lighter, spring, is also fitted to partially counteract the main spring, and
relieve the friction of the brake blocks, when the brake is not required.
A stop is also provided which enters a hole in the pinion axle, to prevent it from
revolving and putting the brake into operation when not required.
When my improved tip cart is descending a hill, the stop is thrown back out of
gear by the carman, who then moves the lever downwards, which operation turns
the pinion geared to the rack, until the cart is in a horizontal position. This brings
the centre of gravity of the load to the same position over the main axle as it
occupies on level ground, thus balancing the load and preventing any increase of
[Price 6d1

page_text: load on the horse's back. But the above operation also winds up the chain which
draws the main spring attached to the brake block or blocks and these latter are
thereby caused to act upon the nave of the wheels, which are thereby retarded
and prevented from attaining undue speed on proceeding down hill.
The position of the pinion on the toothed rack, the tension of the main spring,
and the force of the brake block upon the wheel, are all regulated by the gradient
of the road; the steeper the gradient, the greater is the force of the brake; and
thus all danger on proceeding down hill is avoided.
The pinion axle is made capable of being shifted end wise out of gear, when the
load is required to be shot out of the cart.
Dated 90 Tanuary 1981

page_text: I GEORGE EDWARD TESTER of Kirkdale Road Tunbridge Wells in the County
of Kent Wheelwright do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TIP-CARTS AND IN BRAKES THEREFOR, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of my invention is to construct tip-carts in such a manner that the
load can be balanced and rendered easy for the horse, when proceeding down-hill,
and such balancing is accompanied by the putting on of the brake to prevent too
rapid a descent on an incline.
And in order that my said invention may be clearly understood reference is
hereby made to the accompanying drawings, in which similar letters of reference
indicate corresponding parts.
Fig. 1 is a side view of my improved Tip-cart adjusted for travelling on a level
road.
Fig. 2 shews the same adjusted for travelling down-hill.
Fig. 3 represents the pinion axle, the pinions being shewn out of gear with the
racks, and Fig 4 the same with the pinions in gear.
The shafts a are hinged to the bottom, frame b, of the cart at c. The shaft is
fitted with a toothed rack d which passes vertically (or nearly so) through a
prolongation b¹ of the lower frame in front of the cart-Above this prolongation 6¹
the transverse pinion axle e is mounted in suitable bearings and this axle carries
two pinions e¹ e¹ which take into and actuate the racks d d attached to the shafts.
-A lever f is fitted to the pinion axle e on the "near" side of the cart to be
actuated by the Carman when required-A pulley or drum g is also fitted to and
made fast upon the pinion axle e-The drum g has a few turns of the chain n
wound thereupon leading to the main brake spring h. A ratchet i and pawl k are
also fitted to control the pinion axle.
"
The brake blocks / are fitted to the naves of both wheels and connected together
by a transverse bar m in such a manner that they act simultaneously upon the
naves of both wheels.
A powerful spring his fitted to the transverse bar the force of which spring is
regulated by means of the chain n and rod n¹. Another lighter spring o is also
fitted as shown, to partially counteract the effect of the spring h, and relieve the
friction of the brake blocks, when the brake is not required to act.
A stop p is provided, the tooth p' of which enters into one of the sockets q,
to prevent the axle e from revolving, when it is not required so to do.
When my improved Tip-cart is descending a hill the stop p is thrown back out
of gear by the Carman, as shewn in Fig. 2, who then moves the lever f downwards,
which operation turns the pinion gear in the racks until the cart assumes a
horizontal position as shown in Fig. 2-This brings the centre of gravity of the
load vertically over the main axle equivalent to the position which it occupies
when on level ground, thus balancing the load and preventing any increase of
weight on the horse's back.
In performing the above operation, the chain n is wound upon the drum g,
whereby the spring his drawn forward, and the brake blocks are caused to act
upon the naves of the wheels, which are thereby retarded, and prevented from
attaining undue speed on proceeding down-hill.

page_text: The position of the pinion with respect to the toothed rack, the tension of the.
main spring h, and the pressure of the brake blocks upon the wheels, are
respectively regulated according to the gradient of the road; the steeper the
gradient the greater the force of the brake; and thus all danger on proceeding
down hill is avoided.
The pinion axle e is made capable of being shifted end-wise out of gear as shewn
in Fig. 3, when the load is required to be shot out of the cart ;--and the pinion
axle is kept in or out of gear as required by the stop p. and pawl k.
A spring is fitted on each shaft, as shewn at r, Fig. 2-When the lever fis
pressed back, the stop p and tooth p¹ falls into its position to keep the front of the
cart down upon the shafts. The springs prevent oscillation.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1 In the construction of Tip-carts the application and use of the brake blocks /
actuated by the chain n, connecting rod n¹, and spring h, by means of the pinion
axle and drum in conjunction with the rack d and the several minor appliances
substantially as herein before described and shewn in the drawings.
2 The method of and the several and respective means and appliances for
operating tip-carts, substantially as hereinbefore described and shewn on the
drawings.
3 The construction combination and arrangement of the several and respective
parts, together forming my improvements in the construction of Tip-carts and in
brakes therefor, substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described and
shewn on the drawings.
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