IMPROVEMENTS IN TYPE WRITERS to be as follows:- و
Year: 1884

page_text: We, THOMAS GEORGE DAW, of Quaker's Hall, Sevenoaks, in the County of Kent,
Newspaper Proprietor and Publisher, and HILDER DAW, of the same place, Printer
and Publisher do hereby declare the nature of said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN TYPE WRITERS to be as follows:-
و"
-
This invention relates to the construction of apparatus by means of which
impressed or printed, surfaces can be produced in a more simple and expeditious
and economical manner than has heretofore been practicable, and refers more
particularly to means whereby the paper may be moved forward at each advance
by a distance exactly equal to the width of the letter or character last impressed,
thus producing an evenness or regularity in the printing similar to that which
obtains in ordinary printing, but which has hitherto been wanting in work executed
by apparatus commonly known as type writers. To this end I connect with the
mechanism by which each type is moved an inclined, wedge or other shaped piece,
and I so arrange this piece that when the type is moved it comes in contact with a
tooth stud or tappet to which it imparts motion to an extent corresponding to the
width of the letter or character. This tooth, stud, or tappet is connected to the
mechanism by which the paper is fed forward in such a way that it is able to
move independently of it in one direction, but at its other stroke it engages with
it, and moves it to an extent corresponding to the motion it has received from the
above-mentioned piece, and consequently to the width of the letter or character
last impressed. Our invention also relates to the use of paper sheets bands or tapes
in type writing machines, and to apparatus, for inking the types, as well as to the
general arrangement of parts.
In an apparatus according to this invention there are employed a series of arins
or levers equal in number to the pieces of a complete font of type, such arms or
levers, being hinged or otherwise set in a circle and fitted at the ends thereof with
the type pieces. The arms or levers which are connected to finger keys are
arranged over a table on which is placed the paper, and are so disposed in relation
to a certain point in the plane of the table, that each type of the series, when
depressed, will be brought to that point. It is preferred to arrange them in a
circle around the said point, all the finger keys being then in a convenient position
to be reached by the operator, but the arms or levers may, if desired, be arranged
in a straight or right line or lines.

page_text: When not depressed, all the types lie above the plane of the table, and are kept
in this position by springs or other suitable means which raise the above mentioned
arms or levers.
The bed-plate of the machine is provided with suitable ways on which is arranged
a cradle capable of moving thereon to form the line of words. This cradle is
furnished with ways on which a carriage, carrying the table for holding the paper
is placed so as to move thereon to form the columns.
It is essential, as already explained, that the movement of the paper should
exactly correspond to the width of the type pieces used. This movement is
produced by, and simultaneously with the return of each arm or lever to its normal
position after an impression has been made, in the following manner :-
-Each arm
or lever has an inclined or wedge shaped piece attached to its hinge end. Around
these ends of the levers there is placed a band or wheel admitting of an oscillating
movement, the band or wheel having projecting pins fixed thereon in such positions
as to produce a movement at each oscillation corresponding with the width of the
type piece set in the said arm or lever.
On the depression of an arm or lever the inclined or wedge shaped piece on its
hinge end comes into contact with one of the before-mentioned projecting pins, and
forces the band or wheel in a forward direction, the return movement of the band
or wheel, being effected by a spring.
This return movement of the band or wheel acts on a wheel or disc fitted with
ratchet circles, and by means of suitable appliances such as a pawl causes the said
wheel, or disc to rotate to an extent corresponding to the forward movement of
the band.
Around the said wheel or disc is passed a cord or band running parallel to the
ways of the cradle, and passing over a pulley fixed on the opposite side of the bed
frame.
To this cord or band the cradle is attached in such a manner that on the wheel
or disc being caused to rotate the cradle with the earriage and paper are made to
travel a space equal to the width of the type piece last. used. On the completion
of the line the cradle is taken back to its original position by actuating the wheel
'or disc by means of a winch handle or by any other suitable or convenient means.
The cradle can also be 'actuated by a rack gearing with the disc or wheel. On
the completion of the line the rack is thrown out of gear with the disc or wheel
and the cradle returns to its original position.
$
To produce the vertical movement for forming the column of lines, a band is
attached to the centre of each end of the cradle, and is passed round a drum or
grooved wheel on a shaft carried in bearings on the cradle. A ratchet wheel is
also fitted to the shaft.
I
On the completion of the line this ratchet wheel becomes geared to that fitted on
the drum of the lateral movement, the shaft or tooth bar of which being thereby
removed from its attachment. By depressing the M-quad key the carriage and
paper are shifted onward to admit of another line, the extent of the movement
being controlled by the size of the font used.
By means of keys provided for this purpose lines can be "leaded". to any extent.
Any size font of type can be worked in the same machine. To effect this object
the pawl, fitted to the oscillating band or wheel must be lengthened or shortened so
as to act on the corresponding ratchet circle on the disc, each circle representing
'the font to be used."
Composition rollers or other suitable means can be used to ink the types. The
rollers are arranged in a circle inside the type and intercept and ink the letter on
its passage to the paper. The rollers are carried by spindles supported in suitable
bearings which admit of their freely revolving when brought into contact with the
types. At the first movement of a key each roller is lowered with a slight elastic
movement and after inking the type returns to its normal position allowing the
arm to pass under it free from contact. A hand feed and distribution roller is
provided for the supply of colour.

page_text: When using rollers for inking, the face of the letters should be upward and they
should be turned down when striking the impression. To accomplish this the arm
carrying the letter is composed of two parts, each working on separate pivots, one
in front of the other.
+
The alteration of leverage of the two parts causes the letter to turn over on the
depression of the key and to turn back in returning.
When curtain or ball inking is employed the letter is held horizontally by a
single arm. A curtain situated in the same place and having a similar elastic
movement to the rollers is supplied with colouring mätter from an attached tubular
reservoir. Air tight valves regulate the supply. The ball for inking with the above
spring movement is suspended in a like position by a spindle and can be removed
and revolved on an ordinary printing ink table.
The paper is placed on a bed which can be adjusted to a higher or lower lever by
means of a screw. This provides for the writing being made on a book or a single
sheet of paper. The work accomplished is open to view whilst being executed as in
ordinary writing.
The size of the font can also be regulated by a nut and screw which shortens or
lengthens the movements of the oscillating band or wheel.
When the writing is required to be done with great rapidity or in reporting
speeches and the like tapes are substituted for the sheet of paper and the characters
are printed upon them in a straight line instead of being arranged in column as
above described.
In this apparatus which is capable of being made of very small size, and thus be
readily portable, there are as in that described above, a series of pivotted levers
each of which carries a type piece, and is provided with a finger key whereby it
can be depressed independently of the others. These levers are arranged above a
cylinder over which passes the narrow and continuous coil of paper to be impressed.
The paper is caused to travel at each movement the exact extent of the width of
the type last depressed in order that the words may be formed with the regularity
of ordinary printing. This is effected through the action of a wedge shaped piece
attached to the hinge end of each type arm, and acting on a band or wheel furnished
with pins as already described. This motion is communicated from the band or
wheel to the paper by the following means: The band or wheel has a rack, pawl, or
ratchet connected to it and this acts upon a ratchet wheel fitted on a shaft carrying
a roller or cylinder which runs in contact with a second roller, and the two together
draw the paper off the reel. The depression of the type arın drives. the band as
before stated, and with it the rack, pawl, or ratchet over its wheel while the return
movement under the action of a spring causes the action of the two rollers and thus
draws the paper forward to an extent equal to the width of the type piece last
depressed.
It will be evident that other means than those described may be employed to
transmit the motion of the band to the paper. The impression on the paper is
produced by the letter striking an overlay of colouring medium.
Dshin at din of T 1004
W. LLOYD WISE,
Per F. J. Brougham,
Applicants' Agent.

page_text: .
We, THOMAS GEORGE DAW, of Quaker's Hall, Sevenoaks, in the County of Kent,
Newspaper Proprietor and Publisher, and Hilder DAW, of the same place, Printer
and Publisher, do hereby declare the nature of our invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN TYPE WRITERS" and in what manner the same is to be performed to be par-
ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:--
This invention relates to the construction of apparatus by means of which
impressed or printed surfaces can be produced in a more simple and expeditions
and economical manner than has heretofore been practicable and refers more
particularly to means whereby the paper may be moved forward at each advance
by a distance exactly equal to the width of the letter or character last impressed,
thus producing an evenness or regularity in the printing similar to that which
obtains in ordinary printing but which has hitherto been wanting in work executed
by apparatus commonly known as type writers.
The paper or material to be impressed or printed is placed on a bed which can be
adjusted to a higher or lower level by means of a screw. This provides for the
writing being made on a book or a single sheet of paper. The work accomplished
is open to view whilst being executed as in ordinary writing.
Referring to the accompanying sheet of illustrative drawings wherein the same
letters of reference are used to denote like parts wherever they occur in the several
figures, Fig 1 is a plan or top view of an apparatus according to this invention and
Fig 2 is a vertical section of the same the upper portion or head of the apparatus
being taken in the line x. x of Fig 1. whilst the base and lower portions are taken
in the line y. y of Fig 1.
Fig 3 is an end view and part transverse section in the line z. z of Fig 1.
Figs 4, 5, 6 (to an enlarged scale) and 7 and 7a are detail views. The remaining
figures are hereinafter described.
a. a are a series of arms or rods that may equal in number the pieces of a
complete font of type. Each carries at its upper end a type piece b. These type
pieces may have letters formed in one with them or may be made with sockets to
receive type which may be secured therein by springs or screws. Each arm a is at
b
its lower end hinged to the circular frame or ring c of the machine, conveniently
by means of a wire or continuous pin d extending through and around the ring c.
There is a second series of arms or levers e. e the upper ends of which are each
pivotted to a type piece bat b₁ as clearly shown in Figs 2 and 4 whilst their lower
ends are connected to or formed in one with the piece e¹ hinged or pivotted in the
ring c by means of a second continuous wire or pin f exterior to or behind the wire
or pin d. e², e² are pieces of inclined wedge like or equivalent form (as for
exampled curved) formed with or attached to the arms or levers e or parts el
(Fig 6) or to the band or wheel ; when teeth or projections * are formed with or
attached to e or e¹ as in Figs, 2, 3, 4 and 5. gg are finger keys connected by means
of rods g¹ and pins or pivots g² to the pieces e¹ and h. h are springs each connected
at one end to the upper end of one of the pieces e¹ and at the other end to the ring
or piece carried by the pillars i and serving to maintain the arms or levers a
and e with their type pieces b in the raised or upward position as clearly shown in
Figs 2 and 4 when not depressed by the finger keys g. The said arms or levers a
ande are preferably arranged in a circle as will be understood from Fig 1 and as
shewn are so connected and arranged that each type piece when in its depressed or
downward position shall be brought to the same point. To more clearly indicate
the construction and arrangement of the type arms or levers and their attached
parts and to prevent confusion a few only of them are shown in the drawings. j is

page_text: an oscillating band or wheel arranged and supported below and exterior to the
ring c by means of pins or bolts in such manner as to be capable of a short
circular or oscillatory motion in one direction, in opposition to and in the contrary
direction by the operation of a spring k. k¹ is a screw working in a nut k² carried by
the ring c and normally in contact with a projection or pin ja secured to the band
or wheel j with which it moves, there being a slot in ring c in which " works, the
object of the arrangement being to limit the extent of the oscillation of the said
band or wheel as will be readily understood, according to the size of the font of
type employed. k*k* are teeth or projections carried by or formed in one with
the band or wheel j as shown in Fig 6 or with the arms or levers e or parts e¹ (see
Figs 2, 3, 4 and 5) if the pieces e² be carried by the band or wheel j.
It will be understood that in the arrangement shown in Figs 2, 3, 4 and 5, the
teeth or projections * act against the inclined or wedge shaped pieces e² but that
in the reverse arrangement (Fig 6) the inclined or wedge shaped pieces e² act
against the teeth or projections k* carried by the band or wheel j. l. are inking
rollers arranged in a circle above and at one side of or inside the type pieces b their
spindles being supported in bearings 12 carried by spring arms ³ which in turn
are carried by the top plate m or other convenient part of the frame of the machine.
11 are curved cover plates for the rollers / hinged or otherwise attached to the
top plate m in order that they may be thrown upward when it is desired to ink
the rollers . n. n are rods carrying pieces n¹ (which may be wedge shaped) and
pivotted above the spring arms 13. The bent portions n of these rods extend in a
circular direction in proximity to the finger key.rods gl and below the projections
or.tappets g* formed on them the object of the arrangement being to depress a
roller with an elastic movement and ink a type-piece as the latter passes this
roller when being depressed to make or print an impression on a sheet of paper.
o is the bed plate of the machine provided with ways p on which a cradle q is
capable of travelling transversely to form lines of words. The cradle q is itself
provided with ways q' carrying and guiding a carriage or table longitudinally to
form columns. s is a ratchet disc or drum at one side of the machine carried by
the shaft or spindle & and grooved at s². A cord or band s³ passes round the.
groove 8. The ends of this cord or band 83 are secured to opposite ends of the
cradle q at s (Fig 3) the cord or band itself being guided as shown in Fig 1 by
means of the small rollers 85. is a cord or band secured to the ends of the
carriage rat t, t¹ passing over rollers t² attached to the ends of the cradle q and
also round a wheel or drum u as shown in Fig 2. The wheel or drum is carried.
by a shaft u¹ supported in bearings in the cradle q and provided with a ratchet
wheel u². vis a pawl or detent carried by the oscillating band or wheel j and
normally taking into the teeth on the ratchet disc or drums as shown.
two pairs of pillars supporting the frame carrying the type arms or levers and
attached parts above the carriage the pair of pillars walso serving to support a
bearing w² for the upper end of the shaft s'.
The operation of the apparatus above described is as follows:-
w. ware
Supposing the carriage r supporting a sheet of paper or other material to be printed
to be in the position shown in Fig 1 or that in which a line of words is about to be
printed, then upon depressing a finger key g a compound type arm or lever carrying
a type piece b immediately begins to move downward beneath an inking roller 7,
the same movement of the finger key depressing such roller and inking the type
as it passes beneath the roller. The further downward motion of the finger key
will cause the tappet g* to escape from the rod n² allowing the roller to return
to its upper normal position, and turning over the type piece b by means of the
arms or levers a and e in the manner shown in dotted lines in Fig 4 in order to
make or print an impression. This movement of the arms or levers will also cause
their attachment e² or * as the case may be to come into contact with the corre-
sponding attachment * or e² of the band or wheel j thereby moving it in a
rotary sense to an extent depending upon or corresponding with the width of the
letter, figure, or other character just impressed or printed, the partial rotation or.

page_text: motion being made in opposition to the spring or springs This forward motion
of the band or wheel j will cause the pawl or detent v to slip over a definite
number of teeth of the ratchet disc or drum s. Upon the pressure being removed
from the depressed finger-key g its arms or levers a and e and their attached parts
will immediately be raised to their upward position by their spring / the band or
wheel being simultaneously moved in a backward direction by its spring or
springs and causing the ratchet disc or drum s with groove s² to move in a rotary
sense to a small extent thus advancing the cradle q and with it the carriage or
table a distance equal to the width of the letter or character last printed or
impressed. The above described operations are repeated for each impression of a
letter character or space in a line the last operation, bringing the ratchet wheel u²
underneath the pawl or detent v and raising it upon its own periphery. By now
depressing the M quad key the backward motion of the band or wheel ; will be
imparted to the ratchet wheel u² and through the shaft u¹ to the grooved wheel or
drum u causing it to wind up the cord or band t on the side X and to unwind it
on the side Y the result being to advance the carriage r on the cradle q a distance
equal to the depth or size of the font of type in use as will be readily understood.
The pawl or detent is now thrown out of gear with the ratchet disc or drum 8
which is then rotated by the winch handle in an opposite direction to that
imparted to it by the pawl v. Thus the cradle will be carried back to the starting
point for another line and the operations above described will then be repeated,
and so on each succeeding line.
In the modified machine represented in Figs 8 and 9 which are respectively a
plan or top view and an end view partly in transverse section the cradle q and
carriage are actuated by means of screws.
o is the bed plate of the machine carrying the ways p for supporting the cradle q
which in turn carries the carriage r as before. x is a transverse screw carried by
the end frames p* of the ways p. It carries at one end a ratchet wheel a suitably
arranged to be operated in one direction by the pawl or detent on the oscillating
band or wheel j indicated in Fig 8 by the dotted circle. Projections at q¹, q², on
the cradle q are caused to enter the screw thread of the screw x. It will be readily
seen from the above descriptions that each backward motion of the band or wheel
will impart a smooth and direct step by step motion of the required extent to the
cradle q to form a line of words upon the completion of which the cradle is
returned to its original position for another line, by means of the handle x2 or it
may be returned by a spring. y is a longitudinal screw carried by the ends of the
cradle 9 and engaging with one or more projections y¹ on the carriage r. y² is a
ratchet wheel carried at one end of the screw shaft y, for the purpose of rotating
it a short distance on the completion of a line of words and advancing the
carriage a short distance equal to the space depth or size of the font.
ratchet wheel is rotated as follows. As the cradle noves in the direction of the
arrow (Fig 9) and when near the end of its travel, the ratchet wheel y² passes
over the fixed spring catch or pawl z depressing it slightly and allowing it to slip
over a certain number of. teeth depending upon its relative position to the ratchet
wheely. It will thus be readily seen that when the cradle is returned to its
former position by the winch handle x or otherwise the catch or pawl will partially
rotate the ratchet wheel y² to a small extent and advance the carriage for another
line. The catch or pawl z is carried by the piece 2¹ capable of screw adjustment
as shewn whereby it may be caused to engage with a greater or lesser number
of teeth on the ratchet wheel and thus rotate it to a greater or lesser extent
depending upon the size of the font of type employed.
The
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is:-
1. The use in combination for producing impressed or printed surfaces of type
or type pieces b, arins a levers e and finger keys g arranged and operating
substantially as dasarihad

page_text: 2. The use in combination for producing impressed or printed surfaces of type or
type pieces b arms a levers e, finger keys g, a band or wheel j operated by projections
from the said levers e, and by a spring or springs, a carriage or table for supporting
material to be impressed or printed and means whereby when one of the finger
keys is depressed and allowed to return to its normal position such carriage or table
is caused by the action of the band or wheel j to move the material to be impressed
or printed into proper position to receive an impression substantially as hereinabove
described.
3. The use in combination for producing printed surfaces of type or type pieces
carried by arms or levers operated by finger keys and inking apparatus so arranged
that as a type is by depression of a finger key caused to move towards the surface
to be printed upon such type shall on its way receive ink from the inking apparatus
substantially in the manner and for the purpose hereinabove described and set
forth.
4. The use in combination for producing impressed or printed surfaces of type or
type pieces carried by arms or levers, operated by finger keys, inking apparatus,
a table or support for material to be printed upon, a band or wheel such as j for
the purposes specified, to which movement in a rotary sense is imparted when a
finger key is depressed, and means whereby the extent of such movement of the
said band or wheel can be regulated or adjusted to suit the size of the font of type
desired to be used all substantially as described.
5. In an apparatus for producing printed surfaces the use in combination of type
or type pieces carried by arms or levers operated by finger keys, apparatus for
inking the type, and a table or support for holding the material to be printed upon
the whole so arranged and operated that. the operator can whilst working the
machine and without disturbing any portion of the apparatus see the work as it
progresses substantially as described.
6. The improved machine constructed, arranged and operating as hereinabove
described with reference to and shewn in Figs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, 7 and 7ª or
modified as represented in Figs 8 and 9 of the drawings.