IMPROVEMENTS IN PATTERNS FOR MOULDING PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Carl Pieper, Civil Engineer, of 74, Belle Alliance Street,
Berlin, Prussia, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PATTERNS FOR
MOULDING PURPOSES." A communication from George Woolnough and
Friedrich Dehne, of Halberstadt, Prussia.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Carl Pieper at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd June 1879.
"IM-
CARL PIEPER, Civil Engineer, of 74, Belle Alliance Street, Berlin, Prussia.
PROVEMENTS IN PATTERNS FOR MOULDING PURPOSES." A communication from
George Woolnough and Friedrich Dehne, of Halberstadt, Prussia.
This Invention relates to improvements in the process of moulding described in
the Specification of Letters Patent, granted A.D. 1876, No. 2456. This process con-
sists mainly in casting the patterns out of metal, together with a pattern-plate
provided with journals, and subsequently making use of such pattern-plate for
preparing the moulds in which the desired article is to be cast.
The essential feature of the present Invention consists in substituting for the
said pattern-plate a casting made out of plaster of Paris, cement, an easily fusible
metal, or of any other suitable material, which casting is encased around its sides
by a metal frame adapted to hold the same securely, and provided with journals.
The mode of proceeding is as follows:-
The original pattern, or a casting serving as such, is moulded in the usual
manner in sand, and in a moulding flask divided into halves. The flask is there-
upon opened and the pattern removed. Subsequently the said journalled frame
(or pattern-frame), which must fit to the flask, is placed between the two Blask-
parts, and into the hollow space or mould thus produced the plaster of Paris or
other substance adapted for the purpose is cast. Upon removal of the flask and
the sand a copy of one part of the pattern will appear on the upper face, and a copy
of the other part on the lower face of the plaster casting, and considering that this
casting, which may be called pattern-block, is securely encased and held by the
journalled pattern-frame it may be handled and made use of in a moulding-machine
in the same manner as the former pattern-plates.

page_text: The said pattern-frame may be made of two parts for the purpose of allowing the
pattern-block to be removed and stored for subsequent use.
In the case of small patterns the journals of the pattern-frame may be dispensed
with.
A modification of the process, especially adapted for divided patterns, consists in
leaving the pattern-parts in the sand, and providing them on their plane of separa-
tion with hooks or nails, or of passing bolts through them, on which nuts are
screwed, so that they may become attached to the centre part or base of the
pattern-block, and form a part of the same. If, in the case of undivided patterns,
there are two equal patterns on hand, one of them may be cast together with one
face of the block, and the other pattern with the other face, so that the comple-
mentary parts of the two patterns project from the two faces.
The pattern block may also be cast in two parts, which being united back to
back form the complete block, as in the previous cases.
Another mode of proceeding consists in combining the first and second method,
and is applicable when there is but one undivided pattern. In such case this
pattern may be left in one mould-part, while the other mould-part remains empty.
The finished pattern-block will then show a part of the original pattern projecting
from one face, while the facsimile of the imbedded part appears as part of the
casting on its other face.
As a matter of course the pattern-block frame and the flask-parts must be pro-
vided with guiding-pins and eyes accurately corresponding with each other, and
also with suitable means for fastening them together.
The pattern-blocks when completed are made use of in the same manner as is
described with regard to pattern plates in the Specification of Letters Patent, A.D.
1876 No. 2456.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Carl Pieper in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st December
1879.
CARL PIEPER, Civil Engineer, of 74, Belle Alliance Street, Berlin, Prussia. “IM-
PROVEMENTS IN PATTERNS FOR MOULDING PURPOSES." A communication from
George Woolnough and Friedrich Dehne, of Halberstadt, Prussia.
This Invention relates to improvements in the process of moulding described in
the Specification of the English Patent, A.D. 1876, No. 2456. This process consists
mainly in casting the patterns out of metal, together with a pattern-plate provided
with journals, and subsequently making use of such pattern-plate for preparing the
moulds in which the desired article is to be cast.
The essential feature of the present Invention consists in substituting for the said
pattern-plate a casting made out of plaster of Paris, cement, an casily fusible metal,
or of any other suitable material, which casting is encased around its sides by a
metal frame adapted to hold the same securely, and provided with journals fitting
to the bearings of the moulding machine. The said casting is to be called the
pattern-block, while the journalled frame will be termed pattern-block frame, or
simply pattern-frame.
On the annexed two Sheets of Drawings pattern-frames of different shapes and
the mode of using them for making and handling the pattern-blocks are repre-
sented.
The Figures 1, 2, 3, 44, and 4b show a rectangular pattern-frame, consisting of two
parts, the Figs. 1 and 2 representing these parts A and B separated from each other
in plan, while Fig. 3 shows them in elevation and united, and Figs. 4ª and 4b in
section.
The walls of the two parts are inclined in opposite directions, so that when the
parts are united by screws or bolts c they will securely hold the pattern block.
This object may also be attained by a ledge at the top of A and the bottom of B,
or in other suitable manner.
The part B is provided with the journals a¹ and a², by which the frame can be
placed into the bearings of the moulding machine; c¹ and care guiding pins, which
accurately correspond with the holes in the lugs of the moulding-flasks to be used
with the frame, as shown, for instance, in Fig. 10, where D is the flask. The jointed
screw-bolts d¹, d², serve for connecting the frame A, B, with either of the flask
parts, as represented by Fig. 11. The pattern-frame has been shown as being divided
in two parts for the purpose of allowing the pattern block to be removed and stored
for subsequent use. But instead of making the frame to separate upon the line o, p,
Fig. 3, it may be divided diagonally, as in Fig. 22, or in any other manner which
allows the same to be detached from the pattern-block; or in case of need, it may
consist of three or more parts, whereas if it is not to be taken off the pattern-block
no division is required. The shape of the frame may of course be varied according
to circumstances.
The mode of proceeding is as follows:-
The original pattern, or a casting serving as such, is moulded in the usual manner
in sand, and in an ordinary moulding-flask having two parts. The flask is there-
upon opened and the pattern removed. Subsequently the pattern-frame A, B,
which must fit to the flask, is placed between the two flask-parts, and into the
hollow space or mould thus produced the plaster of Paris, or one of the other above-
mentioned substances, is cast. After the same has become sufficiently hard the
flask and the sand are removed. A copy of one part of the pattern will then appear
on the upper face, and a copy of the other part on the lower face of the plaster or
other casting, and considering that this casting or pattern-block is securely encased
and held by the pattern-frame A, B, it may be handled and made use of in a
moulding-machine in the same manner as the former pattern-plates.

page_text: A modification of the described process adapted for divided patterns consists in
leaving the pattern-parts in the sand, and providing them on their plane of separa-
tion with hooks or nails, or the parts aro temporarily removed and bolts passed
through them, on which nuts are screwed (in a manner similar to that shown in
Fig. 7), whereupon they are again put into their place, the parts belonging to the
upper flask being fixed in the sand by hooks or wires. The pattern parts will
thereby become attached to the centre part or base of the pattern-block, so as to
form one body with the same.
If there are two equal undivided patterns on hand the one which is originally used
for making the mould may be left in the sand of one flask-part, while the second
pattern is put into the corresponding hollow of the other flask-part. One pattern
will thereby become united with one face of the block, and the other pattern with
its other face, supposing the patterns to be duly provided with hooks, nails, or bolts,
as has been described with regard to the divided patterns. The complementary
parts of the two patterns will then project from the opposite faces of the block.
Another mode of proceeding consists in combining the first with the second or
third method, and is applicable when there is but one undivided pattern. In such
case this pattern duly provided with nails, hooks, or bolts, as heretofore described,
may be left in one mould-part, while the other mould-part remains empty. The
finished pattern-block will then show a part of the original pattern projecting from
one face, while the fac-simile of the imbedded part appears as a part of the casting
on its other face. A pattern block of this kind is represented by Figs. 5 to 9, Figs. 5
and 6 showing the two faces of the block, and the Figs. 7, 8, and 9 being sections
on the lines x, y, u, v, and w, z, of Fig. 5 respectively.
The patterns M1, M2, M³, are held together with the block F by the bolts e.
N1, N2, N3, are the copics of the imbedded parts of the patterns.
The pattern-block may also be cast in two parts, which, being united back to back,
forn the complete block, as in the previous cases.
This modification of the method is shown by the Figures 19, 20, and 21. A', B',
are the two parts of the pattern-block frame; F, F, the two parts of the pattern-
block, which are made properly smooth at the back; and C', D¹, the mould-parts.
The frame-parts A' and B' are screwed together at G and H. When this method
is employed the patterns may either be taken out of the sand or left in the same,
as in the former cases.
Figs. 13, 14, and 15 represent a pattern-block cast into a ring, Fig. 15, or other-
wise shaped separate frame, which is held within the pattern-frame by set-screws.
The block is prevented from slipping out of the ring by suitable ledges. When the
block is detached from the frame it remains surrounded and secured by the ring or
separate frame.
The Figures 16 to 18 show a similar arrangement, which however allows the
block to be taken out of the ring, &c.
The models of the runners for pouring the metal into the mould may be formed
on the face of the pattern-blocks.
For better preserving the blocks, and for allowing them to be drawn out of the
sand more easily, they should be varnished or painted. .
The pattern blocks when completed are made use of in the same manner as is
described with regard to pattern plates in the Specification of the Patent, A.D. 1870,
No. 2456. The frame with the block is put into the moulding-machine; one of
the flask-parts, as for instance, D, Fig. 10, which fits accurately on the guiding-
pins cand c, is thereupon placed on the top of the frame A, B, and secured thereto
by the screw-bolts d', d, in the same manner as shown with regard to flask-part C
in Fig. 11. When filled with sand and rammed the frame with the flask D is
turned over and the former drawn off the flask. The flask-part C is then fixed to
the side of the frame now being at the top (see Fig. 11), and is thereupon filled
with sand and rammed also. After having been detached from B in the saine
manner as described with regard to D the two flask-parts are put together, as in
Fig. 12.

page_text: The flask-parts D and C may be arranged in such a manner that they can be
drawn off the body of sand contained within them, as described in the English
Patent, No. 2275, A.D. 1878.
When the patterns are cut small the blocks made from thein may be lifted by
hand, and in this case the pattern frame may have handles instead of journals.
The advantages which the described inode of moulding presents, as compared
with the pattern-plates described in the Specification of the English Patent,
No. 2456, A.D. 1876, are the following:-
:-
It renders possible the direct use of all models which may be on hand.
It does not necessarily require models which are larger by double the amount of
shrinkage of the metal, as is the case when iron pattern-plates are cast.
One pattern frame will serve for a number of pattern-blocks.
It allows the most perfect castings to be made by workmen of but little skill.
I am aware that a system of moulding has hitherto been practiced which is
called "block-system." The same consists in casting blocks of plaster of Paris in
two separate frames or boxes in such a manner that one of two equal patterns (cast
after a master-pattern) adheres to one block, while the other pattern is combined
with the second block, and these blocks or "false halves" are made use of separately
for making the mould-parts. In the system described in the foregoing however
the two parts of the pattern, or their copies, or one pattern-part and a copy of the
other, appear on the two sides of a single pattern-block, or of a block consisting of
two parts united into one, so that after one side has been moulded from the pattern
block need but be turned over in the moulding machine for presenting its other side
for the moulding operation.
Having thus described the nature and object of this Invention and the manner in
which it is to be carried out in practice, as commnnicated to me by the inventors, I
hereby claim as new and important features of the same,-
1. The method of making pattern-blocks for moulding-purposes, which present on
their two sides,―
a, the complementary parts or sides of the pattern; or,
b, one part of the pattern and a copy of the complementary part; or,
c, copies of both parts,
by casting the said block out of plaster of Paris, cement, an easily fusible metal, or
any other suitable material, and in a frame provided with journals, or in a separate
frame fixed in the journalled frame, substantially in the manner hereinbefore
described and for the purpose stated.
2. The use of such pattern-blocks when encased or fixed in a frame provided
with journals in a moulding machine, which allows the pattern to be drawn truly
out of the sand, and the pattern block with its frame to be turned over, as heroin-
before described.
In witness whooof I the ni Dia ha Lamha
CARL PIEPER. (LS.)