IMPROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING COTTON SEED OIL
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Payne, of Belmont Works, Battersea, in the
County of Surrey, Chemist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PURIFYING COTTON SEED OIL."
Sealed the 12th December 1865, and dated the 17th June 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Payne at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
June 1865.
I, GEORGE PAYNE, of Belmont Works, Battersea, in the County of Surrey,
5 Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PURIFYING COTTON SEED OIL," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in purifying cotton seed oil.
The oil obtained by pressing cotton seed is now usually purified by a process
described in the Specification of a Patent granted to Joseph Walker, and
o dated the 2nd November 1852. (No. 14,388). This process consists in
treating it with a small proportion of soda, which makes an imperfect soap,
and in settling carries down the coloring matter with it.
According to my Invention I purify the oil as effectually and more
economically by treating it with lime in place of with soda; the lime soap

page_text: settles and carries down the colour, leaving the oil in a purified state. The
lime soap residuum may be decomposed with acid, and the fatty and oily
matters distilled with superheated steam if desired, or they may be otherwise
treated in the manner described in the Specification of the aforesaid Patent,
where the Specification directs the method of treating a lime soap obtained
by acting with lime on the imperfect soda soap produced by treating cotton
seed oil with soda in order to purify it, as before mentioned. Or it may
be treated in the manner described for treating a similar lime soap in the
Specification of a Patent granted to Charles Doughty and William Drake
Key, and dated the 15th April 1864 (No. 952).
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Payne in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
18th December 1865.
i
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
PAYNE, of Belmont Works, Battersea, in the County of Surrey, Chemist, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said George Payne, Her special licence that I, the said George
Payne, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said George Payne, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING COTTON SEED OIL," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said George Payne, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Payne, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in purifying cotton seed oil.
The oil obtained by pressing cotton seed. is now usually purified by a process
described in the Specification of a Patent granted to Joseph Walker, and
dated the 2nd November 1852 (No. 14,388). This process consists in
treating it with a small proportion of soda which makes an imperfect soap,
and in settling carries down the coloring matter with it.
According to my Invention I purify the oil as effectually and more
economically by treating it with lime in place of with soda, the lime soap
settles and carries down the color, leaving the oil in a purified state.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed more
fully to describe the manner of performing the same.
It is preferred to employ the lime in the form of cream of lime, but the
lime may be used in the form of dry hydrate of lime.
The proportions of lime used in purifying a given quantity of the oil is
found to vary to some extent with different qualities of the oil, but in practice
such variation seldom exceeds two or three per cent., and so far as my
experience goes I bave found that in treating different qualities of the oil
that 8 per cent. is the maximum quantity of lime necessary to effect a complete
purification of the oil. The lime (by preference in the form of cream of lime)
is stirred into the oil, and the oil is boiled up with free steam, when the
coloring matter is seen to be parting or separating from the oil, and forming
clots, the boiling is to cease, the slots will precipitate, and when this separa-
tion or precipitation is completed the purified oil may be run off from the
precipitated matters.
It is found that by thus using lime for the separation of the coloring
matters not only is a saving effected in consequence of lime being a much less
costly material than soda, but also the purification is accomplished with less
loss of oil, as less oil is precipitated with the lime and coloring matters than
when soda is employed. The lime soap residuum may be decomposed with
acid, and the fatty and oily matters distilled with superheated steam if
desired; or they may be otherwise treated in the manner described in the
Specification of the aforesaid Patent, where the Specification directs the
method of treating a lime soap obtained by acting with lime on the imperfect
soda soap produced by treating cotton seed oil with soda in order to purify it

page_text: as before mentioned. Or it may be treated in the manner described for
treating a similar lime soap in the Specification of a Patent granted to
Charles Doughty and William Drake Key, and dated the 15th April 1864
(No. 952).
In witness whereof, I, the said George Payne, have hereunto set my.
hand and seal, this Fifth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
GEO. PAYNE. (L.s.)