matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN ARRANGEMENTS FOR PREVENTING AND PROVIDING AGAINST THE FREEZING AND BURSTING OF SUCH BOILERS AND CONNECTED PIPES AS ARE USED FOR DOMESTIC PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Scott at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th December 1878.
JAMES SCOTT, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Manu-
facturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ARRANGEMENTS FOR PREVENTING AND PROVIDING
AGAINST THE FREEZING AND BURSTING OF SUCH BOILERS AND CONNECTED PIPES AS
ARE USED FOR DOMESTIC PURPOSES."
Firstly. My Invention consists in passing a small pipe along and in the interior
of each pipe between the kitchen boiler and the cisterns, and to this pipe in the
kitchen or in any convenient part of the house a small boiler is connected, which is
or may be heated by the heat of the kitchen fire if placed near it, or by a gas
flame.
This boiler is filled with water through a valvo funnel or other arrangement, and
has a safety valve; or the funnel may be a valve loaded with a weight equal to
the pressure of steam desired, say one pound per square inch.
The steam generated in the small boiler will pass along the entire length of the
small pipe, and will thus thaw the water in the boiler pipes if frozen, or prevent
them from freezing, if the gas flame is kept constantly burning in cold weather.
The condensed steam will flow back to the small boiler, and the surplus steam
may be taken into the water cistern to assist in heating it, or may be discharged
into the chimney if desired.
Secondly. My Invention consists in enclosing the water pipes connected with
the kitchen boiler, so that each pipe will pass along the interior of the enclosing
pipe that is connected with a small boiler as before mentioned, which may be
placed in the interior of the ordinary kitchen boiler or in any other convenient
position.
By this arrangement in case the pipes burst the contents will be prevented from
escaping except at the outlet of the enclosing pipe.
The small boiler is or may be placed, say, two feet below the level of the cistern,
so as to be constantly fed by it through a valve regulated by a float in the boiler,

page_text: and the steam pipe from the small boiler is or may be arranged to first ascend
through or in the interior of the water feed pipe above the level of the water
cistern, and then descend the pipes to be kept warm or thawed if frozen, so that
with a gas flame constantly burning under the small boiler the apparatus will be
completely self acting. The condensed steam in this case would escape at an outlet
provided at the lowest point as it is accumulated.
In case of a leakage in the water pipes the level of the leakage could be
ascertained by applying a pressure gauge to the water in the boiler, and shutting
off the supply from the cistern as the pressure will indicate the level in the pipes
at which the water escapes or overflows.
The enclosing pipes are or may be made in short lengths, and alternately of large
and small diameter, so that one short length of pipe may be, when the joint is
separated, slided one into or over the other to expose the interior pipe at the point
of leakage.
IMPROVED METHOD OF BINDING BOOKS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Cullen Horne at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd December 1878.
WILLIAM CULLEN HORNE, of Sunningdale, Bexley, in the County of Kent.
IMPROVED METHOD OF BINDING BOOKS."
" AN
My Invention relates to a novel manner of securing the sections of a book in the
process of book binding, and consists chiefly in a peculiar method of securing the
ends of the threads which are passed through the folded leaves of the different
sections of which the book is composed.
It is well known to readers of books that in many cases great annoyance is
occasioned by the imperfect securing of the leaves which become loose, and are lost
or give the book an untidy and unsightly appearance.
My Invention is designed to obviate this difficulty by providing means whereby
the leaves may be more securely fastened in the covers, and the said Invention also
reduces the cost of binding.
The said Invention is carried into practice as follows, that is to say:-I take
sheets of paper that have been folded and placed one within the other to form the
sections to be bound together in the book. Through these folded sections I pass
strong thread in such a manner that it passes twice through the sheets, and its two
ends are left loose at the outside of the fold of the same. This passing of the threads
may be effected by hand or by any suitable instrument or machine.
Two or more of these sections or sets of folded sheets with the thread passed
through them are then placed together in the proper order and number to form the
book to be bound. And then by means of a brush or otherwise I apply to the
back of the sections glue, paste, liquid india rubber, or other suitable adhesive
material which secures the loose ends of the threads upon the said sections.
The cover is then passed over the said sections, and the binding of the book may
be completed in the usual manner.
The securing or fastening of the threads in the process of bookbinding is a very
important part of the same; and the inefficient manner in which it has heretofore
Prins 11

page_text: been performed has led to the employment of various substitutes for the binding
threads, such as wire staples and the like, though none of these have proved entirely
satisfactory.
But my Invention affords the means for accomplishing all that these devices are
intended to effect without any of their disadvantages.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER, AND IN MACHINERY THEREFOR."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Harris Busbridge at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd December 1878.
THOMAS HARRIS BUSBRIDGE; of Sussex Place, Tunbridge Road, Maidstone, in the
County of Kent, Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER,
AND IN MACHINERY THEREFOR."
My Invention relates to the manufacture of paper and to machinery therefor, and
has for its object the production of machine made paper which shall be as strong
and durable and otherwise of as good quality as hand-made paper, and will more
nearly resemble the latter than any paper heretofore produced by machinery, the
cost of manufacture according to iny said Invention being considerably less than
that of hand-made paper.
In carrying the said Invention into practice I perform the operation of sizing the
paper at an intermediate stage of the manufacture, that is to say, I cause the paper
to pass in a wet state from the press-rolls of an ordinary paper-making machine
directly to the sizing machine, dispensing entirely with the steam-drying cylinders
as heretofore employed. After having been sized the paper is received upon suit-
able reels or drums and then cut, when wet, into sheets which are suspended to dry
as in the case of hand-made paper, or the paper may be dried by being passed in a
continuous length through a hot-air chamber.
I may use any ordinary paper-making machine for producing paper from the
pulp, but I modify the construction thereof to adapt the same to the purposes of my
said Invention as follows, that is to say-I construct a paper-making machine
without drying cylinders, and I attach to this machine, so as to form part thereof,
a sizing machine into which the paper passes from the press-rolls as hereinbefore
described, and I provide suitable 'feed-mechanism whereby the paper is caused to
pass readily and evenly from the press rolls into the receiving end of the said sizing
Dmine 21

page_text: machine. I also dispense with the last set of press rolls ordinarily employed, the
sizing machine being attached so as to receive the paper from the preceding set.
By practising my said Invention space and power are economized, and the injurious
effect of the heat to which the paper has heretofore been subjected in passing
through the heated cylinders preparatory to the operation of sizing is entirely
obviated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUC- TION OF KETTLES, SAUCEPANS, AND OTHER VESSELS FOR HEATING LIQUIDS, FOOD, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Paul de la Penotière at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th August 1878.
WILLIAM PAUL DE LA PENOTIÈRE, of No. 60, Bartholomew Road, Kentish
Town, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUC-
TION OF KETTLES, SAUCEPANS, AND OTHER VESSELS FOR HEATING LIQUIDS, FOOD,
AND OTHER SUBSTANCES."
My Invention relates to means of obtaining increased heating surface in kettles,
saucepans, and the various vessels used for heating liquids, food, and other
substances.
The means which I propose to adopt is that of forming the bottom of the vessel.
with a series of flutings or corrugations radiating from or near the centre of the
bottom and rising up the sides of the vessel as far as may be desired.
Taking an ordinary tea-kettle for example, I propose to make a curved or dished
bottom with flat centre of sufficient diameter to permit the kettle to stand upright
thereupon, the corrugations or flutings, radiating from this flat centre in curves
spreading outward and rising a suitable height to meet the body of the kettle,
which I propose to make of larger diameter than that formed by the upper part of
this fluted bottom so as to form a ledge, upon which the kettle may rest when
placed in the opening of a kitchener or other stove, the whole of the fluted part
being exposed to the action of the flames. Or instead of dishing or curving the
bottom of the kettle upward I may make the bottom with vertical sides, the cor-
rugations of the flat and of the vertical part being either straight or curved, but I
prefer curved flutings for the bottom as giving greater heating surface.
In a saucepan the ledge formed by my corrugations will serve the double purpose
of forming a ledge to permit the saucepan to rest in the opening of the stove as for
the kettle, and also an inner ledge, upon which to rest another pan or vessel which
may be introduced into the first, and the contents of which may thus be cooked or
heated by a water bath, the openings in this ledge formed by my corrugations will
permit the water to rise up the outer sides of the inner vessel, and more rapidly
heat its contents than if the heated water was confined entirely beneath the bottom
of the inner vessel.

page_text: My improved corrugated or fluted bottom may be made of any suitable "metal,
and of one piece with the kettle or other vessel, or it may be made and sold
separately, and be attached to the body of the kettle or other vessel by any known
means.
I need scarcely observe that my Invention is not only applicable to vessels for
heating articles of food but also to crucibles for melting metals, and generally to all
heaters.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LIGHTING BY ELECTRICITY
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Tilston Bright at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd October 1878.
CHARLES TILSTON BRIGHT, of 11, Delahay Street, Westminster, in the County
of Middlesex, Knight. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LIGHTING BY ELECTRICITY."
At each point where the electric light is used the light or a group of lights is
actuated by the secondary coil or coils of an induction apparatus fixed there.
The primary coil of each induction apparatus is in circuit with a metallic main
conductor, common to all and connected with an electric battery or a magneto-
electric machine which generates the current at any convenient locality.
The size and length of the primary and secondary coils of the induction apparatus
are adapted to the number of lights employed at each point where the secondary
currents actuate the electric light.
I employ for the purpose of lighting, in combination with the above-described
series of local induction coils, glass vessels hermetically closed containing rarefied
gases such as nitrogen, and vapours such as those of phosphorus, mercury, ether, and
volatile hydrocarbons.
The conductors from the local induction coils are carried into these vessels, and by
the action of the current passing through the interior of the vessels the illumination
is produced.
Various forms of electric lamps now used may also be used in combination with
the local induction currents above described. Another part of my Invention
consists in connecting the main conducting wire at each place, or buildings where
the electric light or group of lights is used, with two metallic plates which are also
connected with a rheostat, or adjustable electric resistance, by which the electric
current passing along the main conductor is divided, a portion of it being diverted
through the wire or wires leading into the places lighted.
The quantity of current passing through each primary coil is regulated according
to the requirements of each induction apparatus by turning a handle which causes
the resistance offered by the rheostat to be varied according to the number of lights
required from time to time; or by placing the rheostat on short circuit the current
is entirely turned off, none of it passing from the main conductor. In another part

page_text: of my Invention I indicate the extent to which the electricity is used in each place
or building to which it is laid on from a main conducting wire, by means of a lever
carrying a soft iron armature (or a magnet) at one of its ends, which is actuated by
the current passing through the branch circuit in the place where the light is used
and propels a wheel when the current is permitted to flow.
The wheel being geared to a series of wheels having indicators upon their axles
the amount of electricity passing into the place is shown upon dials bearing figures.
to which the indicators point.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR AND PROCESS OF CANCELLING STAMPS AND INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Griffith Brewer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th September 1878. (A communica-
tion from abroad by Robert Smeaton, of Milwaukee, State of Wisconsin,
United States of America.)
EDWARD GRIFFITH BREWER, of Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR AND PROCESS OF CANCELLING STAMPS AND
INSTRUMENTS." (A communication from abroad by Robert Smeaton, of Milwaukee,
State of Wisconsin, United States of America.)
The object of the Invention is to furnish a device for cancelling or defacing
postage and other stamps and instruments, and also for marking or printing upon
the same in such a manner that the characters cannot be erased, or the defaced or
cancelled stamp or instrument restored for repeated use, which end is accomplished
by slightly burning the same with a flame and heated disc or die until they are
slightly discoloured.
There is a handle provided with a tube through its centre, the tube projecting
beyond the end of the handle, at which point it is when in use attached to a hose
pipe, by means of which gas is communicated to the tube. The opposite end of
this tube is provided with a gas burner. A cylinder is securely attached to the
handle and a perforated disc or die is securely attached to the walls of this cylinder.
The combustion of the gas takes place within the cylinder when the blaze is forced
by the pressure of the gas against the disc, which is heated until it will burn and
discolour any ordinary paper or similar substance with which it is brought in
contact. There are openings through the cylinder for the admission of air and the
promotion of combustion. A disc or shield is used to reflect the heat and protect
the hand of the operator.

page_text: A disc provided with raised letters or other figures may be used instead of the
perforated disc if desired.
The apparatus is used or operated in a similar manner to any ordinary stamp
used for cancelling postage stamps, the gas being previously lighted for sufficient
time to get the disc well heated.
IMPROVE- IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR IGNITING, REGULATING, AND EX- TINGUISHING THE LICHTS IN STREET AND OTHER LAMPS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Gale at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th October 1878.
GEORGE GALE, of New Wortley, near Leeds, in the County of York.
MENTS
"
'IMPROVE-
IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR IGNITING, REGULATING, AND EX-
TINGUISHING THE LICHTS IN STREET AND OTHER LAMPS."
My Invention consists in an arrangement of apparatus whereby a large number
of gas lights may be ignited or extinguished, or the amount of light adjusted
simultaneously, such improvements being applicable to street lamps, but may also
be applied for domestic and other gas lamps or brackets.
My improvements consist in pneumatic apparatus attached to the gas taps of the
gas lamps or brackets, or fixtures, that by exhausting or drawing off the air from
such apparatus the light may be reduced to any convenient height or entirely
extinguished, and by the admission of air into the apparatus the gas may be ignited
or adjusted, or the operation may be vice versa.
I connect to the tap or cock of each gas lamp a receptacle for air, which may be
expanded or contracted by admitting or extracting the air therefrom by such
movement; the gas tap or cock may be closed or opened, and the light extinguished
or regulated at pleasure.
In order to ignite the lamp I provide a small additional burner, the gas from
which is allowed always to burn with a minute flame, using thereby a very small
quantity of gas daily. The cock of the ordinary burner being turned on by means
of the pneumatic apparatus, it is ignited by the minute flame from the additional
burner, but in some cases I dispense with the additional burner, and reduce the
light of the ordinary burner to any convenient height so as to use as little gas
as possible. The pucumatic apparatus is worked by an air pump or other
convenient means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RESPIRATORS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Elton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd July 1878.
JOHN ELTON, of Manners Street, York Road, Lambeth, in the County of Surrey,
Gentleman, "IMPROVEMENTS IN RESPIRATORS."
The respirator consists of two plates of metallic gauze or perforated metal applied
to the nostrils, and connected by a fine spring which presses on the central division
of the nosc. Breathing is to be conducted through the nostrils. The nostril
respirator will be less observable than one worn the mouth. Behind the outer
plates other plates may be placed, as also thin cork, sponge, or cotton wool, as is
usual in constructing other respirators. A small case for containing these extra
parts may be placed behind the outer plates. Round the rims of the latter, fine
imetallic ribbands or bands may be doubled; when desirable one or more of these
may be removed to diminish the size of the plates.
An inhaling valve may be placed in the plate or plates of one nostril and an
exhaling valve in those of the other; there being placed within the former a suitable
preparation, impure air may be breathed.
Instead of the spring above mentioned a wire may connect the plates in each
nostril, and springs may be used within the nostrils, or the plates themselves may
be made of sufficient size to fit in the verge of the nostrils with sufficient holding
power; these being modifications of the above described respirator for application
to the nostrils alone.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING ARTICLES OF JEWELLERY, BRACELETS, SCARF RINGS, AND OTHER DRESS ORNAMENTS AND FASTENINGS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Henry Jones at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th August 1878.
RICHARD HENRY JONES, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Goldsmith
and Jeweller. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING ARTICLES OF JEWELLERY,
BRACELETS, SCARF RINGS, AND OTHER DRESS ORNAMENTS AND FASTENINGS."
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in ornamenting
articles of jewellery, bracelets, scarf rings, and other dress ornaments and fastenings,
by the combination of the metals gold and platinum.
I will describe my Invention as applied to the ornamenting of a scarf ring.
The scarf ring is made of gold in the ordinary way, but the front or the part
which is exposed to view when the scarf ring is worn has the middle portion cut
away, so that the said front part has a frame-like figure. The said cut-away part
is filled up by a plate of platinum soldered or otherwise attached to the frame-like
front, the said plate of platinum having been prepared in the following manner:-
In the said plate of platinum any desired inscription, design, or ornament has been
engraved or otherwise sunk, so that the level of the engraved or sunken part is
below that of the other portions of the platinum plate to a depth equal to the
thickness of thin cardboard. Gold in a granulated or finely divided state is put in
the depressed or sunken portions of the platinum plate, and by means of a blow
pipe or otherwise the gold is melted.
The melted gold attaches itself to the platinum without solder or flux; if, however,
the gold is not of good quality, a little flux, such as borax, may advantageously
be used.
After the filling of the sunken parts with gold, the surface of the plate is by
filing and polishing reduced to one uniform level; there is thus produced a platinum
plate having on it an inlaid inscription, design, or ornament of gold.
The gold ornament or both the ornament and the platinum ground may be
engraved, chased, or otherwise treated, if necessary, for the purpose of perfecting the
design to be produced.

page_text: The plate of platinum is flat during the treatment described, but may be bent
into any required curve for insertion in the scarf ring.
Instead of inserting the platinum plate in a cut-out portion of the scarf ring, a
recess may be made in the front of the scarf ring, in which recess the platinum plate
may be inserted and fixed.
The application of my Invention to the ornamenting of articles other than scarf
rings differs in no essential respect from its application to the ornamenting of a
scarf ring, as herein-before explained.
AN IMPROVED SNAP OR FASTENING APPLICABLE TO PURSES, PORTEMONNAIES, BAGS, AND VARIOUS OTHER ARTICLES."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Weintraud and Richard
James Secundus Joyce at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
30th July 1878.
66
FREDERICK WEINTRAUD and RICHARD JAMES SECUNDUS JOYCE, of No. 18,
Aldermanbury, in the City of London, Manufacturers. AN IMPROVED SNAP OR
FASTENING APPLICABLE TO PURSES, PORTEMONNAIES, BAGS, AND VARIOUS OTHER
ARTICLES."
This Invention relates to an improved snap or fastening, which is better adapted
for the purpose than the fastenings now in use for purses, portemonnaies, cigar
cases, bags, and the various articles to which it can be applied, and is not so liable
to get out of order.
The Invention consists of a hollow clasp of oblong, oval, or other suitable form,
which is hinged or pivotted to a bottom plate on which it is free to oscillate, when
a lip on the top face of the hollow clasp is pressed upon in the act of opening or it
may be closing the article to which it is attached, the hollow clasp and bottom plate
together forming a sort of box in which a small spring is placed, for the purpose of
keeping the fastener closed and secure when in use.
The fastener is attached to the article to be fastened (say a purse) by the under
side of the bottom plate being rivetted or brazed to one half of the purse frame, the
upper side of said bottom plate being provided with turned up edges on three of its
sides, two of them forming eyes to receive the hinge pin and also to retain the
spring in its place, while the fourth side is provided with a notch to receive a
projection on the other half of the purse frame, the upper face of the said projection
being formed at an angle to cause the hollow clasp to turn on its hinge pin, when
the two halves of the purse are pressed together in the act of fastening, thus
allowing the projection to pass the lip of the hollow clasp when the internal spring
causes the clasp to close upon the projection or embrace it.

page_text: When it is desired to open the article to which our fastener is fitted, the hollow
clasp is pressed upon by means of the projecting lip on its top face to overcome the
internal spring, this causes it (the clasp) to oscillate or rock on its hinge pin, and
allow the projecting catch to free itself from the embrace or escape the lip of the
hollow clasp.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WEIGHING, SORTING, AND CHECKING MONEY
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th July 1878. A com-
munication from Moritz Sachs, at Nürnberg, German Empire.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W. v.
Nawrocki, at Berlin, 124, Leipziger Strasse, Patent Agents, German Empire. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WEIGHING, SORTING, AND CHECKING MONEY."
A communication from Moritz Sachs, at Nürnberg, German Empire.
The Invention consists of a novel form of weighing balance, used in combination
with a special sorting tray and dial.
The balance consists of a bar supported at both ends on knife edges. At certain
points on the bar are freely suspended weights, so arranged that each may act
independently if desired, or that the whole or part of them may come into action,
and thus several weights be used to weigh one coin. A dial is arranged to illustrate
the precise movements of the balance beam, and also to check the number of coins
treated.
The sorter consists of a trough or box of a V shape, in which the coins are to run
on edge, and their weight causes only the corresponding traps to open and pass the
coin in question, and thus separates the coins into any desired number of divisions.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STAIR EYES FOR STAIR-CARPET RODS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Page at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th February 1878.
ARTHUR PAGE, of 47, Loftus Road, Shepherd's Bush, Middlesex, Furniture
Salesman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STAIR EYES FOR STAIR-CARPET RODS."
This Invention of improvements in stair eyes for stair-carpet rods consists in
making a portion of the ordinary eye of the stair eye moveable, so that instead of
having to thread or pass the rod through one eye and then through the other in the
direction of the length of the rod, as is usual in stair-carpet rods, the rod may be
placed in both eyes simultaneously and without any movement in the direction
of the length of the rod, which is a great convenience in confined and narrow
stairs.
In this improvement the eye is divided horizontally, so that the upper half, or
part of it, as hereafter explained, may rotate on the upper screw.
When the rod is to be placed in position the upper half of each eye is rotated so
as to project upwards; then the rod is placed in its position, and both upper halves
turned down, the rod is securely held; the division of the eye may be made
diagonally so as to rotate only in one direction.
By dividing the back plate of the eye next the riser so that half shall remain for
the lower half of the eye and half for the upper part of the eye, one screw passing
through both, serves as the pivot on which the upper half of the eye rotates, and
also holds the lower half and upper half to the riser, the screw into the tread of the
stairs remaining as heretofore.
In some cases I prefer a rivet for the pivot of the upper half, as in cases of small
eyes which are held by a nail, or in stone stairs, where the eyes are let in and fixed
in other ways.
A NEW OR IMPROVED STUDENTS' OR OFFICE DESK OR SLOPE, SPECIALLY USEFUL FOR COPYING PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Campbell Hindshaw at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th August 1878.
ROBERT CAMPBELL HINDSHAW, of the City of Manchester.
"A NEW OR
IMPROVED STUDENTS' OR OFFICE DESK OR SLOPE, SPECIALLY USEFUL FOR COPYING
PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to the arrangement and construction of a simple and
portable form of students' or office desk or slope, to facilitate the copying of
documents or drawings, and for other analogous purposes.
Now this Invention consists of a desk or slope in conjunction with a support for
the drawing or document to be copied, the two being hinged together in a novel
manner at or near the back, so as to fold up and lie in the sinallest compass when
not in use, and yet when opened out to form a desk for writing or drawing upon,
with a support for the drawing or document to be copied immediately in front of
the operator, such support being arranged at a suitable angle and provided with a
book rest, which is hinged and fitted to fall back flush into a suitable recess when
not in use.
The support and rest herein-before mentioned are so hinged as to bear any
requisite weight, without putting an undue strain upon the hinges.
This construction and arrangement of support and book rest is equally applicable
to school and other desks.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVE APPARATUS ADAPTED PARTICULARLY FOR USE IN CONTROLLING THE MOTION OF FLUIDS WHEN WORKING UNDER HIGH PRESSURE
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Rookes Evelyn Bell Crompton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th July 1878.
ROOKES EVELYN BELL CROMPTON, of the Mansion House Buildings, Queen
Victoria Street, in the City of London, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVE
APPARATUS ADAPTED PARTICULARLY FOR USE IN CONTROLLING THE MOTION OF
FLUIDS WHEN WORKING UNDER HIGH PRESSURE."
The object of the Invention is to obtain increased facilities in the working of
valves, such as sluice valves, of large dimensions, and particularly when they are in
use in controlling the operation of fluids under high pressures. For this purpose
the valve plates of each chamber are capable of being separately acted upon for
tightly bearing on the passages closed thereby, or of separate removal therefrom
when desired.
Either valve plate is capable of being held to its seat against pressure exerted
thereon whilst the other valve plate is released.
When both valve plates have been removed from their seats, they are capable of
being removed in their chamber from any interference with the direct passage of
the fluids through such chamber.
In carrying out my improvements, each valve plate is formed or provided at the
centre with a screw thread to receive each a screw on cylinder, and these cylinders
are supported to revolve on tubular projections from a central frame or cross head,
which cross head is held in position though capable of movement on stationary
guides formed for it in the valve chamber.
The cylinders referred to are also formed with teeth taken into by screws formed
on or applied to separate shafts, one end of each of which is supported to revolve
correctly in the cross head, and thence these shafts pass out of the valve chamber
through suitable stuffing boxes, and have applied to them pinions and gear by
which they may be separately or together operated from the exterior of the valve
chamber.
These shafts also pass through a cross piece which when operated by screw or
other means effects the movementof the internal cross head to the valve plates,

page_text: together with those valve plates in the valve chamber, thus leaving a clear fluid
way.
The valve seats or the surface of the valve plates may be packed with elastic
packing, and the edges of the valve plates in their movement are supported on
courses provided for the purpose in such valve chamber.
The extent of rotary motion of the respective valve plates is controlled by a
central projection or pin to each, having a feather or feathers acting in corre-
sponding openings to control such partial rotation.
These details may be varied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHIC TYPOGRAPHY AND ENGRAVING."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Bolhoevener and Eduard
Heidenhaus at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th October
1878.
"
CARL BOLHOEVENER and EDUARD HEIDENHAUS, both of Munich, in the Kingdom
of Bavaria. IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHIC TYPOGRAPHY AND ENGRAVING."
The improvements consist in making plates or blocks from negatives for printing
or engraving purposes, and are as follows:-A kilogram of Cologne glue is allowed to
swell up during 24 hours in water, then dissolved at a temperature of 45° Reaumur,
20 grammes of bichromate of potash being added to it. The solution is poured on
a plate of mirror glass previously covered with ox-gall, and dried in a dark place.
After about two days the layer of glue is detached from the glass plate, and
the side of that layer which was adhering to the glass is exposed to the action of
light through or by a negative picture, which makes the drawing come out in bold
relief by a vigorous contrast of light and shade. The duration of exposure to
light has to be fixed by experience, and varies according to the intensity of light
from one to several hours. After the exposure the plate of glue is fixed by the
back side to a polished block of wood or other material by means of glue. The
surface containing the picture is then moistened with water, and the places that
have not been reached by the light are softened, while the exposed parts which
have become insoluble by the effect of light remain unchanged; the softened parts
are removed by rubbing with a ball of moistened cloth. After this treatment, the
image presents itself in bold relief and forms an even and smooth printing surface.
After the plate has been dried it is perfectly ready for printing with in the printing
press.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MARINERS' COMPASSES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Raper Ainsley and Alexander
Grant at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd December
1878.
HENRY RAPER AINSLEY and ALEXANDER GRANT, both of Cardiff, in the County
of Glamorgan, South Wales. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MARINERS' COMPASSES."
The object of this Invention is intended to do away with the deviation of the
compass caused by the local attraction of the iron used either in the construction or
equipment of ships, steamers, and other vessels.
The desired object is attained by means of a bowl of insulating properties being
introduced into the compass bowl, as already constructed. By this means a com-
pass is provided which in all cases, in any part of the world, will point correct
magnetic, thus doing away with a great source of danger to navigators, and will
also be the means of effecting a great saving both in time and money.
The insulating bowl is preferably of or about the same shape as the compass
bowl, but of varying thickness; it is made so as to drop into the compass bowl,
which latter it fits accurately.
AN IMPROVED PORTABLE APPARATUS FOR HOLDING THE KNIVES OF MOWING AND REAPING MACHINES WHILST BEING SHARPENED
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Bramall at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th March 1878.
JOHN BRAMALL, of Southampton, in the County of Hants, Machinist. "AN
IMPROVED PORTABLE APPARATUS FOR HOLDING THE KNIVES OF MOWING AND
REAPING MACHINES WHILST BEING SHARPENED."
This Invention consists in the construction of an improved portable apparatus
or vice for holding the knives of mowing and reaping machines whilst being
sharpened, one of the objects of the improvements being that the apparatus may be
readily attached for use to the bar or rail of a gate or fence, or in any other similar
position.
The improved apparatus or holder consists of an iron casting having at the top
a pair of jaws, forming a space in which the knife is placed when required to be
sharpened, a vertical thumbscrew with a washer at its lower end passing through
the upper jaw, by which the knife is firmly fixed and held in position.
In the middle part of the casting I form a hole, through which passes a screw,
one end of which is plain and is bent down at right angles to form a cramp; the
other end of the screw is provided with a thumb nut. This construction allows
of the apparatus or holder being fixed to the bar or rail of a fence or gate, or in
any other similar position, with facility, the moveable cramp operated by the
thumb nut allowing the apparatus to be adjusted to suit the thickness of the bar or
rail, or otherwise, to which the apparatus is to be fixed.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN GALVANC BATTERIES AND ELECTRICAL APPARATUS, AND IN THE APPLICA- TION THEREOF FOR PRODUCING NOVEL THEATRICAL EFFECTS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Scantlebury at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th May 1878.
WILLIAM SCANTLEBURY, of the Firm of W. Scantlebury and Company, of 72,
City Road, Finsbury, in the County of Middlesex, Scientific Engineer.
" IMPROVE-
MENTS IN GALVANC BATTERIES AND ELECTRICAL APPARATUS, AND IN THE APPLICA-
TION THEREOF FOR PRODUCING NOVEL THEATRICAL EFFECTS."
The first part of this Invention relates to improvements in galvanic batteries and
electrical apparatus; and, secondly, in the application of such batteries and electrical
apparatus combined therewith for producing novel theatrical effects. For this
purpose, according to the first part of my improvements, I perforate the carbon
plates of fluid batteries with a series of holes, slots, or openings, in such manner as
to cause the exciting fluid to circulate and thus increase the electro-motive force of
the battery.
In place of mounting induction coils upon a base board or box as usually con-
structed, according to my improvements, I attach the edge of the condenser to the
induction coil so as to occupy very little space; or the condenser and coil may be
used separately, being connected by conducting wires in the usual manner.
The break is combined with the induction coil. By thus arranging and com-
bining induction coils, batteries, and condensers of great power, they are rendered
very portable, and can be readily applied to the dress or articles of personal attire.
or ornaments of theatrical performers, who can thereby produce very novel effects
when desired by causing a current of electricity to pass through vacuum tubes of
suitable form applied to or carried by the performer.
+ "
Batteries and electrical apparatus of this character may also be applied to or
combined with grotesque figures for theatrical purposes, such as, for instance, for
illuminating the eyes, teeth, earrings, or other ornaments or apendages.
Electrical effects of this character may also be applied to theatrical properties of
Pavice Q71

page_text: various kinds, such as glass vessels containing water or other liquids, stars of fairies'
wands, or other like portable articles.
By the above improved means illuminated theatrical effects may be produced
without risk of injury by fire to the persons of performers and to properties by the
accidental breakage of the lamps usually employed for the illumination of grotesque 5
heads.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEANSING CHIMNEYS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Taylor, Herbert Edward
James Taylor, and William Ernest Taylor at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents on the 15th October 1878.
SAMUEL TAYLOR, HERBERT EDWARD JAMES TAYLOR, and WILLIAM ERNEST
TAYLOR, of the City and County of Worcester, Gentlemen. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR CLEANSING CHIMNEYS."
This Invention consists in a method of cleansing or sweeping chimneys by means
of an apparatus fixed in each flue, and constructed to drive the soot out at the top of
⚫the flue.
This is effected by one or more pulleys fixed at or near the chimney top carrying
a chain or rope with one or more brushes affixed thereto, and worked from the
bottom of the chimney by hand or other power.
The pulleys at the top of the chimney run on a transverse bar or axle attached to
the sides of the flue or chimney pot, or upon a specially constructed framework, and
other pulleys, loops, or rings may be attached at intervals to guide the rope or
chain; this rope or chain may be an endless one or not, as preferred, and may run
upon one or more drums or wheels, or may be worked directly by the hand. The
brushes are made of bristles, whalebone, cane, wire, or other suitable material, fixed
to a centre consisting either of wood, metal, or twisted wire, and may have a jointed
handle or not, as preferred. Weights may be used to counterbalance the brushes
when required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PARALLEL, STAPLE, AND OTHER VICES
Year: 1878

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Pattinson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th June 1878.
JOHN PATTINSON, of Sheffield, in the West Riding of the County of York.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PARALLEL, STAPLE, AND OTHER VICES."
These improvements relate to the manufacture of parallel, staple, and other
vices.
These improvements consist, firstly, in making the "box" in two or more parts
instead of in one piece as now generally manufactured, and in cutting the thread
for the "screw in a loose lining and fixing it into the box instead of cutting the
thread in the solid box, as heretofore.
"
In carrying into effect this part of my Invention the following method can be
adopted, that is to say:-I can construct a lining of steel, iron, brass, or other
suitable substance, and cut therein a thread or screw, and force or otherwise fasten
it into the barrel of the front of the "box."
"
I can make the box in two parts, and connect the parts together at or about the
end of the lining by screwing the one part into the other, or otherwise, as con-
venient. By this construction of box" the lining can be renewed, and the "box"
retained for further use instead of being valueless when the thread is worn out, as
is now the case with solid boxes.
These improvements consist, secondly, in constructing parallel vices with the
front fixed jaw and bed in one piece, or connected together by bolts, the jaw being
of the ordinary form, and the bed having a flat upper surface with grooves at each
side, or one groove at each sido, so as the sliding jaw will move thereon and be
secure therewith, the moveable or sliding jaw being made with a flat under surface
and projections, or one projection at each side to fit into and be secure with and
slide on the bed above described.
Instead of the grooves being in the bed and the projections to fit therein being
on the base of the sliding jaw, the projections can be on the bed and the grooves
in the base of the sliding iaw.

page_text: The improved form of vice "box" as above described can be employed with
and form part of this improved parallel vice; or a box of a common description can
be employed.
In using the improved parallel vice the screw of ordinary construction will be
revolved, and the sliding jaw with which it is connected will move on the bed of
the parallel vice, and in using the improved vice box as firstly described the
screwed lining can be withdrawn and replaced when unfit for further use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR DRAWING WIRE
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wright at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th January 1878.
•
WILLIAM WRIGHT, of Palm Close, Wibsey, near Bradford, in the County of York,
Book-keeper. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR DRAWING
WIRE."
The object of my Invention is to draw or reduce the size of steel or other metal
wire without the use of the wordle plates now in common use, and thereby reduce
the frictional heat caused by the wire passing through the wordle plate, which wears
out the punched hole in the same, and thus leaves the wire thicker than required,
and renders the wordle plate unfit for use until the hole is made the proper size by
the usual mode of heating and hammering.
I accomplish my object in the following manner :-I take a pair of rollers grooved
the size necessary for producing the required size of wire; these rollers are hardened
sufficiently to withstand the frictional heat produced by drawing the steel or other
metal wire; the rollers are mounted in journals, and arranged in such a way that
the grooves in each roller are directly opposite to each other in order to form the
size and section of wire required; thus for drawing round wire I cut a semicircular
groove or grooves in each of the rollers, so that when the pair of rollers are working
in position the grooves form a perfectly round hole, the diameter of which is one or
more sizes less than the gauge of wire to be drawn smaller. The wire to be drawn
smaller is tapered down at the end, and passed through the hole formed by the
grooves in the rollers, and securely fastened to an ordinary wire-drawing block;
the wire-drawing block and rollers are put in motion at a speed proportionately to
the size or gauge of wire to be drawn, and thus by these means the frictional heat
caused by drawing the steel or other wire through the wordle, as hitherto in common
use, is reduced to a minimum.
By the use of grooved rollers, as before described, revolving or travelling at a
speed proportionate to the speed of the wire-drawing block, and regulated according

page_text: to the decrease in the thickness of the wire 'drawn, I am enabled to draw wire of
various sections, of an uniform thickness or gauge throughout without the use of
wordles or jewelled plates, as hitherto in common use for drawing the wire used in
the manufacture of cards for carding woollen, worsted, cotton, silk, flax, or other
fibrous materials.
IMPROVEMENTS IN JACQUARD CARDS. FOR WEAVING PURPOSES GENERALLY
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Gardner at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th April 1878. A communication from
abroad by Jean Pierre Gaillot, a person residing at Rheims (Marne), France.
HENRY GARDNER, of No. 40, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agent.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN JACQUARD CARDS. FOR WEAVING PURPOSES GENERALLY."
A communication from abroad by Jean Pierre Gaillot, of Rheinis (Marne), France.
This Invention relates to the construction of jacquard cards in such manner
that they can be rendered available for all patterns of weavings, and without
having resourse to different cards for different patterns as is now the case.
According to present practice jacquard cards are pierced with holes for the jacquard
needles to pass into to determine the threads that have to be put into action for
producing the design or working in a fabric, and for each design a separate set of
cards has to be produced, these being useless for any other pattern than that for
which they were prepared. By this new system one can change the pattern on
the cards when necessary, and in an indefinite number of times, to suit the various
patterns that it may be desired to produce.
The Invention consists of plates of iron or other metal with a line of circular-
shaped holes along their centres, and with a corresponding number of holes being of
rectangular shape; each plate is flat on one side and has a hole at each end for
"tying up" in the usual manner. The other side of the plate has three longitudinal
ribs forming two grooves along the lines where the rectangular holes are situated.
Through these holes projections or eye pieces on seperate little plates can be passed
where desired, said eye pieces have a wire passed through them to hold them in
place. Each little plate serves to shut up or close the holes in the card that are
not required for the production of the pattern, and since they are all of the same
size they can be adapted over any of the jacquard needle holes to close them. The
little plate may be of zinc or other metal.

page_text: By the application or employment of a series of attachable plates to cover the
needle holes in the jacquard card at will, any and every variation of pattern or
design upon or within a fabric can be produced from the same set of cards, without
in most cases untying them.
The above arrangement of attaching little plates to jacquard cards is subject to i
modifications to suit circumstances.,