matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MALAXATING BUTTER
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by François Hauducoeur at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th May 1868.
I, FRANÇOIS HAUDUCŒUR, of No. 107, Rue St. Maur, Paris, in the
Empire of France, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MALAXATING BUTTER," to be
as follows, that is to say:-
The Invention consists in the construction of an improved apparatus
for mixing butter in which the washing and unsalting or salting
operations are performed. The apparatus is constructed of a pair of
wooden cylinders channeled on part of their length, the non-channeled
part being smooth, and furnished with a wooden guide on each side
for preventing the butter from escaping at the bearings. Underneath
this pair of cylinders a second pair of smooth wooden cylinders is
placed. The butter is placed in a hopper and falls through on to the
first pair of cylinders which draw it in and triturate it; thence it falls
on to the second pair which compress and divide it, one of the cylinders
having a speed at its circumference rather greater than that of the
other. When it egresses from these cylinders the butter is received

page_text: in a kind of wooden trough or tub in which rotates a vertical axle
provided with a series of helical flyers or arms which serve to mix
the butter and force it to pass out through a slide door placed at the
lower part of the apparatus. The trough or tub can easily be removed
for cleaning. Motion is given to the apparatus by hand or other
suitable power.
A reservoir placed above the apparatus permits of a current of water
for washing or unsalting the butter. To salt the butter it is merely
necessary to place salt in the hopper with the butter.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CRANKS AND CRANK SHAFTS AND AXLES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jules Convers at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
May 1868.
I, JULES CONVERS, of Rue de la Paix, Paris, in the French Empire,
Naval Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CRANKS AND CRANK SHAFTS AND AXLES," to be as
follows:-
When crank pins are forged or made in a piece with their cranks
as at present they are liable to be destroyed at the junction, the fibre
of the iron of the arms being cut and thereby weakned.
The object of my Invention is to render cranks and crank shafts
or axles more durable than at present.
Now according to my Invention, having made a crank or the crank
shaft with its crank arms and crank pin or part joining the outer
ends of the crank arms, I perforate or hollow out the crank pin or
part joining the outer ends of the crank arms, that is to say, I drill,
bore, or otherwise form an opening or passage in or through such
pin or part, and in the said hollow, or opening, or passage I place,
fit, or fix a pin or bolt made beforehand so that of course its fibres

page_text: are not cut by the crank arms. There is thus an internal pin or bolt
in the hollow socket, staple, or casing formed in the part joining the
ends of the crank arms. This pin or bolt may be placed in by chilling
it and heating the socket or by a hydraulic press or other means, and
it may be secured in place by a shoulder and nut or by keys, bolts,
or cotters, or otherwise. The pin or bolt may be concentric or not with
the hollow socket which receives it.
A like arrangement may also be applied in similar manner to the
body of cranked shafts or axles at the neck or at the junction thereof
with the arms of the cranks or inner ends of the crank.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR WARDING OFF LEAVES AND OTHER MATTERS LIKELY TO. CLOG THE WORKING OF TURBINES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 31st August 1868.-A communication from abroad by Jean.
François Vaugeois, of 37, Boulevard Bonne Nouvelle, Paris, France..
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR WARDING OFF LEAVES AND OTHER MATTERS LIKELY TO.
CLOG THE WORKING OF TURBINES," a communication to me from abroad by:
Jean François Vaugeois, of 37, Boulevard Bonne Nouvelle, Paris, France,..
to be as follows:-
This improved apparatus is illustrated on the accompanying Sheet
of Drawing forming part of this Provisional Specification. It consists.
of a metal cylinder provided with blades A set about 10 inches apart
and covered with a grating or wire gauze B. This cylinder, placed
in front of the turbine, turns on an axle C set at its two ends in two.
picces of wood or metal D. The water which feeds the turbine pcnc-.

page_text: trates through the grating, and thus arrives pure in the cylinder, which
it sets in motion by striking against the blades A, while the leaves and
other foreign matters run off by a discharge conduit E provided for
this purpose. This cylinder may be placed in a vertical or a horizontal
direction indifferently, the water will always set it in motion, and the
result will be the same.
A NEW AND IMPROVED ADVERTISING VEHICLE
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 31st January 1868.-A communication from Marie Elisabeth
Gihaut, wife of Auguste Bénard, residing at No. 74, Rue de la
Victoire, in the City of Paris.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent
Offices, 24, Rue du Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France, and
10, Sackville Street, Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
AND IMPROVED ADVERTISING VEHICLE," a communication from Marie
Elisabeth Gihaut, wife of Auguste Bénard, a person resident at No. 74,
Rue de la Victoire, in the City of Paris, aforesaid, to be as follows:-
The Invention communicated to me relates to a new mode of
publicity, both diurnal and nocturnal, by means of vehicles with
translucid pannels lighted inwardly after dark. To this effect these
vehicles of all convenient forms and sizes are provided with moveable or
immoveable pannels, in the shape of sashes or any other such like
analogous disposition capable of receiving dim or clear panes of glass,
or other such like analogous translucid material, on which are to be

page_text: inscribed, painted, graven, stuck, or otherwise represented the public
announcements or advertisements, in such manner as to be perfectly
legible or apparent under their natural aspect in the daytime and
artificially after dark by means of some convenient illuminating medium
placed in the interior of the vehicle.
AN IMPROVED MARKING BOARD FOR BILLIARDS, BAGATELLE, AND OTHER GAMES REQUIRING TO BE SCORED
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Archiabald Pavey at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 2nd July 1868.
I, FREDERICK ARCHIABALD PAVEY, of Bell Gardens, Peckham Rye,
in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED MARKING BOARD FOR BILLIARDS, BAGATELLE, AND
OTHER GAMES REQUIRING TO BE SCORED," to be as follows:-
The features of novelty which constitute this Invention consist, first,
in so constructing marking boards as that the score cannot be set back,
and thereby tampered with; and, secondly, that a considerably higher
number can be scored than heretofore.
The following is an example of the means by which these improve-
ments may be effected, that is to say:-To the back of the marking. board
I adapt three discs of wood in a triangular form, namely, two below and
one above, all nearly in contact with each other and of the same size,
and into the backs of these discs I fix ten pins at equal distances
asunder. I also fix one pin in the edge of each disc for turning two of
the discs one-tenth of a revolution for every entire revolution of the
third disc, which receives its motion from an endless band passed round

page_text: a small pulley at the bottom of the marking board, a knob being fixed
on the spindle of the said pulley at the outside of the marking board,
upon turning which partly round by hand in one direction the number
of the score may be marked on the face of the marking board. The
edges of the two lowermost discs are formed with teeth, as a ratchet
wheel, into which a spring pawl takes, and thus prevents the discs
being turned backwards. Each of the aforesaid discs has the figures
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0, painted thereon, which are separately presented
to view through openings formed in the marking board in the following
manner :-The disc moved by hand présents to view the units, starting
at 0, and by the time this disc has been moved round 9 times the pin
on the edge of this disc will be brought into contact with one of the pins
in the back of the second diso and move it round one-tenth of an entire
revolution and present to view the figure 1, thus marking 10, and by
the time this second disc has been turned once round the pin in the
edge of this second disc will turn the third disc round one-tenth of an
entire revolution and mark 100, the two cyphers being permanently
fixed to or painted on the face of the marking board, and in this manner
and by these means a score of 1,000 and upwards may be marked. A
click or bell sounds each time the discs are moved, thereby notifying
alteration of the score.
In constructing billiard marking boards I employ two arrangements
of discs, one for the plain ball and one for the spot ball, and I employ
a suitable combination for the game of pool and other games requiring
to be scored.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MINERS' SAFETY LAMPS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Desens at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
September 1868.
I, LOUIS DESENS, of No. 31, Charing Cross, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MINERS' SAFETY LAMPS," to be
as follows:-
The object of this Invention is that should the lamp be clandestinely
opened by a miner the light is immediately extinguished. This is
effected in the following manner, and the system can readily be adapted
to the ordinary and existing miners' lamps at a trifling cost :-
In the centre of the gallery and platform bearing the wick holder as at
present in use I introduce a cylindrical tube (an opening being cut for
its reception), round which a spiral spring is coiled. In the interior of
this cylinder is the wick holder, a small tube having soldered or otherwise
fixed at one side three small teeth which gear with an endless screw
turning on an axis in its centre; the shaft on which this is mounted
revolves below in a small tube. The object of the teeth and screw are

page_text: to serve a double purpose, that of raising or lowering the wick as desired
by means of a button which terminates the shaft of the screw, and also
by ungearing the teeth from the screw at once allows the wick holder to
drop into the body of the lamp. This is effected as follows:-
At the side of the gallery already mentioned, and at a short distance
from it, a detent having a backward and forward motion by aid of a
spring is placed. This detent at its lower extremity bears a small
horizontal shaft, which when coming in contact with a piece of metal
soldered on the side of the cylindrical tube bearing the wick holder, turns
the cylinder round and thus ungears the teeth of the wick holder from
the endless screw, and so freed the wick and holder drop into the
body of the lamp, and the light is immediately extinguished. The
upper end of the detent is acted on by a metal piece fixed on the frame
bearing the glass of the lamp in such wise that on screwing this part of the
lamp on to the body the detent gives way each time it comes in contact
with it; but in unscrewing the lamp a contrary effect is produced, and
the detent by means of the shaft at its extremity acts on the rib of metal
fixed on the cylinder, and turning the latter the teeth of the wick holder
are ungeared from the endless screw as already mentioned, and the wick
and holder dropping into the lamp the light is at once extinguished,
which occurs before the body of the lamp is separated from the upper
part.
In this system of construction the platform closing completely the
orifice or entrance to the body of the lamp no dirt or grit from the coal
can enter and impede the action of the mechanism, nor can any of the
oil be spilled or escape as no outlet is thus permitted. At the head of
the cylindrical tube two ear pieces are soldered, one on either side, for
the purpose of turning the tube which reinstates the teeth of the wick
holder in the screw.
AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR CALCULATING INTEREST, AND APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leonard Appleton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st April 1868.
I, LEONARD APPLETON, of 6, Princess Terrace, St. Mark's Square,
Regent's Park, N.W., do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR CALCULATING INTEREST, AND APPARATUS
THEREFOR," to be as follows:-
An arrangement of certain numerical figures representing ascertained
amounts of money on a series of graduated revolving circles. These
amounts are arranged in such manner that by placing them in tabular
form (by moving the circles required) any sum in interest of any amount
can be ascertained at a glance with certainty. These circles revolve
around a common centre independently one of another at various
distances from the centre (see the Diagram and the notes thereon).
The method of proceeding for calculating interest by this arrange-
ment is as follows:-Multiply the amount by the number of days and
the rate per cent., cut off two figures to the right of the product, and

page_text: refer to the index for the remainder of the product; thus, suppose
the amount £2,324 for ten days at 3 per cent.
The apparatus may be made of cardboard, metal, or other suitable 15
material. The material does not affect or influence the object or
working of the design, that being merely a matter of taste and
durability.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS. EMPLOYED FOR GRINDING 'CARDS' USED IN THE PREPARATION OF COTTON, WOOL,... AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Job Tattersall, Thomas
Tattersall, and Thomas Richmond at. the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 29th August.
1868.
We, JOB TATTERSALL, Emery Roller Coverer, THOMAS TATTERSALL,.
Machine Maker, and TиомAS RICHMOND, Cotton Manufacturer, all of
Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS.
EMPLOYED FOR GRINDING 'CARDS' USED IN THE PREPARATION OF COTTON, WOOL,...
AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improved apparatus. for moving the roller.
on which are cards to be ground to or from the periphery of the emery
covered grinding roller, and to improved apparatus for regulating and
adjusting the necks or bearings of card rollers when such cards are being:
ground. At cach end frame of the machine and near the front thereof
we employ a rack on which is a casting acting as supports to the card
roller; these racks are worked by means of pinion wheels placed on a .
shaft extending across the front of the machine, and on which shaft
is a hand wheel for working the pinions and racks so as to cause the
card roller to advance on or recede from the grinding roller. A break..

page_text: is applied to the hand wheel so as to prevent vibration of the card
roller. The bearings and necks supporting the card roller are adjusted
by means of screws; we thus obtain a ready and accurate adjustment
without removing any of the parts of the machine as hereto required.
Or instead of the hand wheel and break the shaft carrying the pinions
may be worked by a handle placed on one end thereof, and a ratchet
wheel and catch may be employed for preventing vibration of the card
roller when being ground. Or the shaft and pinions may be worked
by means of a hand wheel supported on a stud, on the back of which
wheel is a "scroll" gearing with a "skew "pinion on the said shaft.
Or the supports of the card roller may be moved to and fro by means
of screws. Or worms worked by means of "chain wheels" on the end
of the worm shaft and an endless chain extending across the front of
the machine from wheel to wheel, the bearing being adjustable for
various widths of card rollers, and the bosses of the screws are to be
chilled.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN PLAYING GAMES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugh Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
November 1868.
I, HUGH SMITH, of Westbourne Terrace Road, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN PLAYING GAMES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus to be
used in playing games. For this purpose a block of a polygonal form
is employed, and it is padded round the edges with vulcanized india-
rubber or other clastic material. This block is adapted to stand in the
centre of a circular or other table, and it may support a lamp to throw on
to the table the uniform light which the game requires. The surface of
the table is covered with a woollen cloth having a circle marked upon it,
which may conveniently be from three to four feet in diameter, and this
circle is divided up into as many equal segments as there are sides to the
block. The block stands in the centre of this cloth, and the cloth is
marked so that the block may be correctly positioned. On the cloth an
inner ring is also marked concentric with the outer circle and about two

page_text: inches or thereabout outside the block. On the inner ring a number of
boxwood or other balls are ranged round the block, and there is another
playing ball by means of which the players force the other balls against
the padded sides of the central block and cause them to rebound and
return over the divided outer ring; or as a variation the playing ball
may be propelled against the cushioned block and be caused in its
rebound to strike and drive off the other balls; or pins may be substituted
for these balls. In other ways the method of playing the games may be
varied, the apparatus however remaining essentially unchanged, that is
to say, consisting of a cushioned block which is placed in the centre of
a cloth or suitably divided table cover. The markings of the cloth may
be varied to suit different games, and the same cloth may be marked to
suit a variety of games. The cushioned block may conveniently be a
box to contain the balls and implements with which the game is played.
The cloth may have pockets around its overhanging edge to hold the
balls and counters when counters are used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASES EMPLOYED TO VISITING OR ADDRESS CARDS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Michael Lee at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th March 1868.
I, HENRY MICHAEL LEE, of No. 55, Cross Street, Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Jeweller, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CASES EMPLOYED TO
VISITING OR ADDRESS CARDS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates principally to card cases particularly adapted
to be used by females, but is applicable also to card cases to be used
by males, and consists of certain novel modifications of the proportions
and forms of the said cases whereby they become suitable to be worn
on the person as an article of jewellery or as an ornament, or as an
appendage to any article of dress. To this end I reduce the proportions
of the cases as compared with the cases ordinarily used, as for example,
I make the cases suitable for cards of two inches in length by one inch
in width or thereabouts, the precise size being a matter of choice within
certain limits as will be readily understood, the size given herein-above
being that which I have found to be very suitable to my purpose. I
make the said cases of gold, silver, aluminum, or other similar metal,
or of an inferior metal plated or covered with a superior metal, or of

page_text: wood, ivory, bone, leather, or any other metal substance or material as
ordinarily employed or which may be found suitable to the purpose, and I
ornament the cases externally by means of engraving, chasing, piercing,
enamelling, or other suitable means, or by the application of buhl,
marquetrie, mosaic, precious or ornamental stones, pearls, steel studs, or
other suitable materials, and I sometimes furnish the said cases with
fringes, pendants, chains, or drops, or I take any other means to
decorate the said cases such as are ordinarily employed in the
manufacture of jewellery, or as may be found suitable. The said cases
are fitted with a lid, cover, or flap to open in any suitable manner to
obtain access to their contents, and are fitted to be worn as brooches,
waist buckles, bracelets, or other suitable or similar articles of adornment,
or are fitted with chains to be suspended from the neck, or from a
watch guard, or from the wrist, or are otherwise made suitable to be
worn as an ornament to the person, being at the same time readily
accessible. I sometimes form one side of the case into a tablet for the
recordance of memoranda or fit a tablet thereto, a tube to contain a
I also sometimes
pencil being fixed to any suitable part of the case.
apply a spring or springs at the bottom of the case for the purpose
of thrusting the cards a sufficient distance out of the case to enable
them to be readily withdrawn therefrom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PIPINGS' AND 'FOLDS' OR 'PLIS' OF SATIN OR OTHER MATERIAL
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hesketh Hughes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
April 1868.
I, HESKETH HUGHES, of Homerton, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PIPINGS' AND 'FOLDS' OR 'PLIS'
OF SATIN OR OTHER MATERIAL," to be as follows :—
Hitherto pipings and folds or plis have been made entirely from
the satin or other material; now by my Invention I economize the
material and produce a better piping or fold, the edges of the satin
or material being prevented from becoming frayed.
I proceed as follows:-I cut the material, say satin, in strips about
frds or less of the ordinary width, and I cut strips of muslin or other
suitable cheap material about twice the width of the silk strips. I
then pass the two strips together through a guide so that the edges
of the muslin are turned over the edges of the satin, and I stitch the
satin and the muslin together a short distance from each edge of
the satin; the edges of the muslin are then turned back and the

page_text: two strips rolled or folded together by means of another guide into
a piping or fold, of which the edges of the muslin form the back,
which may be secured by hand or machine stitching. The strips of
satin and muslin should be cut on the cross, and wadding may be
inserted if required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Robinson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th November 1868.
I, THOMAS ROBINSON, of Widnes, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to improve the quality of iron and
steel by removing sulphur and phosphorous therefrom, and to facilitate
the production of iron and steel of any desired quality. For this purpose
I introduce into cupola, blast, or other furnaces of that class in which
the body of the fuel is in direct contact with the ore to be smelted or
the pig or other iron to be remelted, whether such furnaces are worked
with a plenum blast or induced current of air, nitrate of soda, nitrate
of potash, or other salt or salts with like properties.
In carrying my Invention into effect I introduce the said salt or salts
into the furnace in a powdery state through the twyeres with the current

page_text: of air which carries it or them forward in mechanical suspension, or
I introduce it or them through openings in the side of the furnace, or
in any other manner, preferring in all cases that the point of entry
should be near the level of the liquid metal on the bottom of the
furnace.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEELS FOR BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Seaton Paterson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 30th October 1868.
I, ALEXANDER SEATON PATERSON, Merchant, of Cincinnati, Ohio,
in the United States of America, but at present residing at Bridge of
Allan, in the County of Stirling, North Britain, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEELS FOR BOOTS AND
SHOES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the application to boots and shoes of elastic
and detachable heels, and consists in making such heels of vulcanised
rubber combined in each case with two metallic plates which are screw-
tapped to receive the point of a screw entered from the inside of the
boot or shoe for fixing the heel thereto. The metallic plates are shaped
in any convenient way to touch at one or more points but with space
otherwise for the rubber to extend between them.. The rubber is cured
with the two plates in it, these being rivetted together and the rubber
pressed into the mould with the plates in position so as to solidly fill

page_text: I up the space between the plates as well as to occupy the remainder of
the heel-shaped cavity. The upper plate is flush with the top of the heel
and is made with one or more projecting points to prevent the heel from
turning.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEELS FOR BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lewis Jaquet at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 25th February 1868.-A communication from abroad by
George Beatty, of Beamsville, Lincoln County, Province of
Ontario, Canada, Shoemaker.
I, JOHN LEWIS JAQUET, of Vincent Square, Pimlico, in the County
of Middlesex, Sculptor, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEELS FOR BOOTS AND SHOES," to be as
follows:-.
According to this Invention I provide boots and shoes with metallic
heels in order to obviate the unequal wear consequent on the use of
the ordinary leather heel, and at same time increase the comfort
and durability of the boot. This improved boot and shoe heel may
be made of any suitable metal and may be either wrought or cast in
any size or pattern to suit the style of the boot or shoe for which it
is intended. I prefer to cast the heel hollow and provide the bottom
with a raised rim on the outer edge to enable it better to resist wear.
Three or more holes are provided in this rim through which are
inserted the screws by which the heel is attached to the boot or shoe,

page_text: said holes being countersunk on the outside for the reception of the
The upper edge of the heel is bevilled to correspond
with the form of the sole to which it is attached, and is also provided
with three or more projecting pins or spikes which are driven into
the sole of the boot and with the screw serve to secure the metallic
heel firmly in place. The heel being hollow a vacancy is left between
the leather sole and the bottom of the metallic heel which adds
very much to the warmth and comfort of the heel, which at same time
settles itself in the bed of its own making in the sole to which the
metallic heel is attached, leaving the whole foot in a more natural
position and preventing any forward pressure on the toes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY ENGINES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Loader and William
Henry Child at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 26th October 1868.
WC, JOHN LOADER and WILLIAM HENRY CHILD, both of Finsbury,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY ENGINES," to be as follows:-
The main feature in our engine is the epicycloidal movement of a diso
in a fixed cylinder in connection with a radial or other piston or stop.
Our engine is constructed as follows:-Inside a cylinder we place a
central shaft having a crank throw, and upon the crank pin we fit a disc
which revolves upon the pin and fits against the inside of the cylinder.
We cut a slot in the cylinder through which a piston or stop passes;
this piston or stop may be straight or radial, but is preferably radial; it
works on axes, and its face passes through a stuffing box; its inside
edge is kept down on the revolving dise by a spring or otherwise. The

page_text: steam or other motive fluid enters at one side of the piston and acts
against the periphery of the disc, which is thereby made to rotate on
the crank pin; the exhaust port is at the other side of the piston as
near as possible to the inlet port.
IMPROVEMENTS: IN WRITING AND. PRINTING PENS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sidney Buxton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th May
1868.
I, SIDNEY BUXTON, of 187; Southgate Road, Kingsland, in the County
of Middlesex (Clerk), do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS: IN WRITING AND. PRINTING PENS," to be as
follows:-
My improvements apply thus:-That whereas pens are now formed"
with the split point (or writing portion) at one end only, I propose to.
make them reversible by making the split point (or writing portion) at
both ends, which may be similar in form and strength, or they may be
disimilar in form and strength, so that by simply reversing the pen in
the holder it is practically as serviciable as two seperate pens of the
present form. The double-end form (as specified above) may be applied.
not only to steel pens, but also to those made of gold, silver, platina, or.

page_text: other metals or alloys, as also to quils pen nibs, or those made of shale,
horn, bone, or other materials. The economy of manufacture (and con-
sequent cheapness in price) is obvious, for two pens may be either cut
or stamped at one blow.
IMPROVED ARRANGE- MENTS OR MEANS CONNECTED WITH THE VENTILATION OF MINES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Waygood at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
December 1868.
I, RICHARD WAYGOOD, of Newington," in the County of Surrey, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED ARRANGE-
MENTS OR MEANS CONNECTED WITH THE VENTILATION OF MINES," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to prevent a return current down the
ventilating shaft in which the fire is contained for creating an up
draught to ventilate the pit. When an explosion occurs in the pit a
vacuum is produced therein, which according to existing arrangements
produces a return current down the ventilating shaft. Now my Inven-
tion consists in fitting or constructing self-acting valves in the ventilating
shaft and in the approaches from the workings thereto; these valves
open to allow of the ordinary upward current, but immediately close
against any tendency to a return current. The valves may consist of
strong sashes divided into squares, each of which is provided with a
hinged balanced flap opening outwards only.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SPRING MATTRESSES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Woods at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, ou the 12th
December 1868.
I, ALEXANDER WOODS, of Holloway, in the County of Middlesex,
Upholsterer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SPRING MATTRESSES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in the construction of spring mattresses in the
following manner:-I take by preference three frames, and place one
above the other, the top and bottom frames are made of the same size
and are adapted to the shape and size of the bedstead to which they
are to be applied, the third frame, and which is placed between the top
and bottom frame, is somewhat smaller than the others. I make the
frames of wood, and by preference of spruce, deal, or pine, for the sake
of lightness. The frames are placed at such distances apart as required
for the depth of mattress to be made, say, four inches between the
central and top frame, and four inches between the central and bottom
frame; the three frames are united by webbing, and the central frame
о

page_text: being smaller than the others an indented shape or form is given to the
sides and ends of the mattress, or in other words, the top and bottom
frames project somewhat beyond the central frame. Helical or other
spiral springs are placed between the central frame and the top and
bottom frame, or they may pass through the central, frame, and similar
springs are placed in the space between the top and bottom frame, say,
eighteen springs in the latter space and twenty-eight between the frames
if they do not pass through the central frame, and fourteen if
they do pass through, but of course I do not limit myself to this
number of springs, I sometimes unite the central frame by a sheet of
canvas or other material, and so form the mattress in two compartments
and in this case I pass the springs through the canvas. The top is
stuffed with hair or wool, and the top and bottom of the mattress are
laced with cord or webbing and covered with ticking or any other
material, and the external edge of the central frame may be ornamented
with a beading or any other device, or be studded with brass headed or
other nails all as fancy or taste may dictate.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING VESSELS THROUGH THE WATER
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nicholas Demetrius Spartali
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 5th August 1868.
I, NICHOLAS DEMETRIUS SPARTALI, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Steam Ship Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING VESSELS
THROUGH THE WATER," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to effect an economy in the power
required to propel vessels through the water. To this end I employ a
blast or blasts of wind produced from a blower constructed on the turbine
principle, discharging such wind into the water from the rear or the sides
of the vessel. The blower may be worked by a donkey or other engine,
and the blast therefrom I discharge into a serpentine pipe or pipes
which may terminate in a trumpet mouth for spreading the blast. The
blast of wind thus discharged under the water will act on the principle
of a piston and cause the vessel to move forward or in an opposite

page_text: direction to that of the discharge, and at a speed proportioned to the
amount and pressure of the wind discharged. It will be obvious that
this principle of propulsion will be applicable also to the steering of
vessels.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William George Manwaring, of the Brittannia
Iron Works, Banbury, in the County of Oxford, Engineer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES."
Sealed the 16th February 1869, and dated the 10th December 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William George Man-
waring at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 10th December 1868.
I, WILLIAM GEORGE MANWARING, of the Brittannia Iron Works,
Banbury, in the County of Oxford, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES," to
be as follows:-
This Invention relates to lock stitch sewing machines wherein the
needle is actuated from a rotatory driving shaft or spindle carried in
the fixed arm of the machine, and consists essentially in transmitting
motion from the overhead shaft to an oscillating or vibrating shuttle

page_text: carrier by means of an eccentric, crank pin, cam, or other mechanical
equivalent mounted on the driving shaft and connected by a connecting
rod and short lever arm with a rocking shaft situate below the cloth
plate, which rocking shaft carries the vibrating shuttle drum. By this
arrangement the necessity for gearing for transmitting motion to the
lower shaft is obviated. For moving the cloth or material to be sewn
I use what is commonly known as the four-motion feed, and I obtain
the motions by means of a tappet or wiper on the rocking shaft, which
tappet bears against the feed bar, the latter sliding on a stud and being
brought back by a spring.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN AGRICULTURAL MACHINES TERMED HAY RAKES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Ridgway at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
June 1868.
I, ALFRED RIDGWAY, of Upton, near Macclesfield, in the County
of Chester, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN AGRICULTURAL MACHINES TERMED HAY RAKES," "
to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the agricultural implements employed for
collecting or raking hay and mown grass, and to that description thereof
in which the "prongs or tines" turn over to deliver the hay after each
"gather."
The improvements consist in mounting each prong or tine loosely
on a central shaft enclosed within a box or between an upper and lower
plate and arranged so as to project alternately from the open back and
front of the box, and such machine is to be dragged along the ground
by chain couplings secured to each end of the box. When the "rake "
is being thus dragged the loosely mounted metal tipped teeth readily
glide or rise over the undulating inequalities on the ground and gather

page_text: or collect the hay, and the set of teeth which are foremost when
collecting when loaded with a sufficient quantity of hay is tilted so
as to cause them to meet the ground, which effects the turning over
of the rake, thereby bringing the other teeth to the front, which then
become the collectors of the hay, and so on alternately.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COMMUNICATING BETWEEN THE PASSENGERS, GUARD, AND ENGINE DRIVER OF A RAILWAY TRAIN
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Ramsbottom at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
September 1868.
I, JOHN RAMSBOTTOM, of Crewe, in the County of Chester, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR COMMUNICATING BETWEEN THE PASSENGERS, GUARD, AND ENGINE
DRIVER OF A RAILWAY TRAIN," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the use of a slender cord kept in a state of
tension, and extending from the engine or tender at the front of the
train along the sides of the carriages to the guard's van at the rear. This
cord is supported in brackets fixed to the carriages at an uniform height
and lateral distance from the rail, thus allowing the use of open loops
to support the cord which is placed in any convenient position within
reach of the passengers, but by preference a little below the windows on
the "six foot" or right-hand side of the train; one end of the cord is
attached to a gong, whistle, or other alarum at the front of the train, and
the other end may be attached to a grooved pulley or reel (in the
guard's van) of sufficient size to contain the cord when not in use; this

page_text: pulley or reel is also connected to an alarum. The cord is kept in a
constant state of tension by a weight or spring applied to the pulley or
reel, or by connecting the pulley or reel by a friction coupling driven
from the axle of the guard's van, or by hand or otherwise. The whistles
or alarums are inactive so long as the cord remains taut, but as soon as
the cord is severed by a passenger the pulley or reel in the guard's van
begins to wind up the cord, and in so doing the alarum is set going.
The alarum may also be set going by the falling of a finger previously
held up by the taut cord; the severance of the cord also allows the
alarum in front of the train to give notice to the driver. The guard may
communicate with the driver by slackening the cord. The compartment
from which the signal has been given will be indicated by the length of
cord left at the front end of the train. Although a bracket may be
attached to every carriage it is not absolutely necessary as the taut cord
may be carried past one or two carriage trucks without being supported.
When the brackets are applied to narrow carriages, and are therefore
rather long, I prefer to make them so that they may fold over against
the end of the carriage to be out of the way.
Among the advantages of the taut cord it may be observed that it will
not be liable to catch on the door handles or other projections; that its
action is instantaneous, and that by varying the length of the supporting
brackets it can be kept parallel to the rails whatever may be the width
of the carriages, whereas by the ordinary mode of signalling by means
of a cord it must be left slack when not in action, and is therefore liable
to get entangled with the steps, buffers, or other projections, and cannot
be used as a means for indicating the compartment from which the
signal has been given.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING MACHINERY
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 10th March 1868.-A communication from abroad by William
Smith Finney, of Harrisburgh, in the State of Pennsylvania, United
States of America.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR
LUBRICATING MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved apparatus for regulating the
supply of lubricating material to journals and other parts of machinery
requiring lubrication.
oil
The regulation is effected by applying to the discharge orifice of the
cup a conical needle or screw which serves as a valve to enlarge or
contract the exit opening for the oil. The cup is formed with a screwed
shank to fit it to the bearing to be lubricated, and through the centre of
the shank a passage is made for the discharge of the oil or other
lubricant. This passage is contracted at its upper end to receive the
conical or needle point of the screw. The screw is inserted either from

page_text: above into the cup or from below into the shank. In the one case a
tapped bearing is formed in the cup to receive the screw, and in the
other the passage through the shank is tapped to receive the pointed
screw. The screw when fitted in the shank must either be perforated
longitudinally and transversely, or be fluted like an ordinary screw tap
to admit of the passage of the oil from the cup. When the screw is
within the cup it may be regulated by removing the
but when it is in the shank it should be made fast that the cup may
turn upon it. By this means the rate of discharge of the lubricant may
be regulated with the greatest nicety.
cap from the cup,
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE WORKING OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by
SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Ward and George
Matthew Ward at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 3rd July 1868.
We, JOSEPH WARD and GEORGE MATTHEW WARD, of Gorton, near
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE WORKING OF LOCOMOTIVE
ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment of an air valve in com-
munication with each steam chest for supplying air to the chests and
cylinders when the pistons and slide valves are working with the steam
shut off. The air valve is an ordinary clack placed in a valve box
communicating with the steam chest, or placed in any convenient position
between the steam regulator and steam chests, there being two passages
into the box, one for the admission of steam and the other for the
admission of air. When the steam is on for working the engine steam
from the steam chest passes through the steam passage of the box and
forces the clack against its seating, thereby closing the air passage;
but when the steam is shut off on account of descending an incline, or

page_text: coming to a stand, the clack falls by its own gravity and opens the air
passage, through which air rushes and passes through what was before
the steam passage into the steam chest, where it becomes heated and
passes onwards through the cylinders and blast pipe into the chimney,
the air being admitted into the cylinders and used in the same way as
steam, whilst the latter is shut off and the pistons and slide valves are
working.
At present the steam chests are not provided with air valves, and
when the steam is shut off, and the pistons and slide valves working, the
pistons draw the smoke and dust through the blast pipe into the steam
chest and cylinders, thereby increasing the friction and consequent wear
and tear of the pistons and valves, and necessitating a large quantity of
lubricating matter, and if a hand is placed on the top of the blast pipe
this sucking or drawing power can be distinctly felt; but when for
experiment an air valve was applied to the steam chest air was supplied
to the cylinders, and the pistons forced it out in a hot state through the
blast pipe the same as the exhaust steam, and prevented the access of
any smoke or dust to the steam chest and cylinders, thereby lessening
the friction, economising the lubricating matter, and enabling the pistons
and valves to work more freely.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR ORNAMENTING GLASS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Wenden and Simon
Peter Booth Fussell at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 11th February 1868.
We, JOHN WENDEN, of Alfred Street, Roman Road, Barnsbury,
and SIMON PETER BOOTH FUSSELL, of Saint James' Road, Holloway,
both in the County of Middlesex, Artists in Stained Glass, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention "AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR
ORNAMENTING GLASS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce a diaper, damask, or other
pattern upon ground glass.
In the ordinary process of diapering glass the surface is ground first
and then certain parts of the glass being protected by varnish or other
similar material the parts left exposed are corroded, eaten away, or
etched down by strong hydrofluoric acid, or the pattern is first etched
down or eaten in by the acid and the untouched surface which projects
is then ground.
In our improved process we first grind the whole surface of the
glass and then lay on the pattern with varnish or other resisting
medium in the ordinary way, but instead of eating away or etching

page_text: in the pattern by strong acid so as to produce a sunken surface of
clear glass or nearly so as usually done, we dilute the acid with
from 10 to 20 times its own bulk of water (more or less) so that the
acid instead of eating away or etching down the surface of the glass
merely produces a stain upon the same.
By these means we produce a diaper or pattern upon the glass with
a perfectly level surface and of a superior and more delicate appearance
than the ordinary etched designs, and at the same time effect a very
considerable economy in the cost of the hydrofluoric acid employed.
We may here remark that this process may also be used to produce
a ground or damask in combination with the ordinary process of
embossing glass.