IMPROVEMENTS IN Vavro AND VATERRAD WAD MLADINE LoveTIVE IVA ATURD
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Wesley Hackworth, of Darlington, in the County
"
of Durham, Consulting Engineer, for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN
Vavro AND VATERRAD WAD MLADINE LoveTIVE IVA ATURD
"
LETTERS PATENT to John Wesley Hackworth, of Darlington, in the County
of Durhamn, Consulting Engineer, for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN
VALVES AN
MARINE, LOCOMOTIVE,
WAD
"
ENGINES
ATHED
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Wesley Hackworth
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th January 1882.
JOHN WESLEY HACKWORTH of Darlington in the County of Durham, Consulting
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES AND VALVE GEAR FOR MARINE Loco-
MOTIVE AND OTHER ENGINES."
These improvements (relating chiefly to the further perfecting of my Inventions
patented Oct. 26th 1859 No. 2448 Nov. 10th 1869 No. 3237 and Nov. 2nd 1876
No. 4246. which I designate the "ne plus ultru" valves and valve gear) are
applicable and may be used singly or in various combinations to engines worked
by steam or other aeriform fluids requiring to run one or both ways round,i. c. may
be reversed, worked at varying degrees of expansion and grades of speed, operating
separately or more or less combinedly controlled by band or automatically by the
motive power direct, or through the intervention of water or other incompressible
fluids, and regulated by any class of governor, which by slight manipulations
may be made to regulate at any grade of speed or degree of expansion, as expediency
may determine.-The principle and action of the first and last Patents cited above,—
one having the "reverse plane" applied at the end of the eccentric rod or valve
lever and the "valve rod" intermediately,-the other vicé versu. The source of
motion ("eccentric," crank," or "radial pin ") applied diametrically opposite
(respectively) together with being automatically governed through the medium of
a spiral and sector are now so well known in the engineering world it may be
deemed unnecessary to explain their operations and detail here, although it will be
obvious from the foregoing enumeration of objects to be attained that the scope of
the present improvements is much more comprehensive than what merely relates
thereto. The object of the valve improvements which will apply to single port,
double port, piston or any class of valve for admitting motive power to the cylinder,
21

page_text: is to secure a larger initial ingress opening for admitting more freely the full
pressure of the motive power on to the piston at the commencement of the stroke,
or when cutting off short.-This is effected by having a chamber at each end of the
valve, into which the motive power is first admitted by two or more ports,
whereby the "lead," i.e. initial opening of the valve, may be multiplied in the ratio
of the number of ports used, thus obviating what is commonly known as wire-
drawing."
"
The source of motion for working the valve may be eccentric, ordinary-crank,
over end crank with radial pin on the end of main crank pin, crank shaft having
a special cranked journal or main crank of any class having its range of motion
reduced to that of the valve by combined levers of which the main connecting rod
may constitute one.
The valve gear improvements relate to extending the valve spindle from the
valve chest to the valve lever or eccentric rod, where the two are linked together
at right angles direct by the "reverse plane" without the intervention of a valve
rod.
•
The fulcrum, being separate from the "reverse plane" is a pendulum rod running
parallel with the valve spindle, the two having separate connections with the valve
lever.
The fulcrum may take the end position, and the "reverse plane" the intermediate,
or vice versa, with corresponding change in the source of motion respectively.
The designation "pendulum fulcrum rod" will not apply so aptly to horizontal
or other engines as vertical engines, but may serve as distinction.-When the
"reverse plane" is in central position (zero) on motion being imparted to one end of
the valve lever, the said lever oscillates to and fro on the pendulum fulcrum rod
(impelled by the source of motion) through a prescribed circuit, the operation
causing the valve to open the amount assigned to it for "lead" only. As this occurs
when the engine is "on the centre," it answers for either way round, and determines
the relative positions of crank and valve motor centres.-By moving the "reverse
plane to opposite extremes of its range, say thirty to thirty five degrees of
angularity on each side of the neutral point, the engine is reversed and will exert
full power back or forward (respectively), the expansion increasing in varying
degrees as the "reverse plane" recedes from one side or the other to its normal
position, when the variable expansion climax, is reached.
"

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Wesley Hack worth in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 7th July 1882.
"
JOHN WESLEY HACKWORTII of Darlington in the County of Durham, Consulting
Engineer. 'IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES AND VALVE GEAR FOR MARINE, LOCO-
MOTIVE AND OTHER ENGINES."
Inventions
These improvements (relating chiefly to the further perfecting of my
patented Oct. 26th 1859, Nov. 10th 1869 and Nov. 2, 1876) which I designate
the "ne plus ultra" valves and valve gear, are applicable to marine locomotive and
other engines and may be used singly or in various combinations in manner
following to engines worked by steam or other aëriform fluids requiring to run one
or both ways round, i.e. may be reversed, worked at varying degrees of expansion
and grades of speed, operating separately or more or less combinedly, controlled by
manual power or automatically by the motive power direct, or through the
intervention of water or other incompressible fluids and regulated by any
class of governor which by suitable manipulations may be made to regulate at
any grade of speed or degree of expansion as expediency may determine.-
Referring to the principle and action of the first and last Patent cited above,
(one having the reverse plane applied at the end of the eccentric rod or
valve lever (This lever is commonly known as the "Miller's lift") and the valve
"over end lever ") vice versa with
rod intermediately, the other (known as the
its source of motion or valve motor (eccentric crank or radial pin) coincident with
the main crank, and the former diametrically opposite thereto.-These, together
with being automatically governed through the medium of a spiral or worn and
sector, are now so well known in the engineering world it may be deemed
unnecessary to explain their operation and detail here.-It will be obvious from
the foregoing enumeration of objects to be attained by my present Invention that
the scope of the improvements herein is much more comprehensive than what
merely relates to my former patents.-The object of the valve improvements
which will apply to single port, double port, piston or any class of slide valve for
admitting motive power to the cylinder, is to secure a larger initial ingress opening
for admitting more freely the full pressure of the motive power on to the piston
by increasing the "lead" area without altering the time of admitting the power
at the commencement of the stroke or when cutting off short.-This is effected by
having a chamber at each end of the valve into which the motive power is first
admitted by two or more induction ports through the cylinder face, whereby the
lead, e, initial opening of the valve may be multiplied in the ratio of the
number of induction ports used, thus obviating what is commonly known as "wire-
drawing." The sources of motion, or motors for working the valve may be
eccentric ordinary crank, over end crank with radial pin on the end of main
crank pin crank shaft having a special cranked journal or main crank of any class,
having its range of motion reduced to that of the valve by combined levers of
which the main connecting rod may constitute one-The valve gear improvements
relate to extending the valve spindle or a rod attached rigidly thereto from the
valve chest to the valve lever or eccentric rod, where the two are linked together at
right angles direct by the reverse plane and above, below, or at the point of
junction, the valve rod is guided in its lineal reciprocations by a slide or guide links
in contradistinction to the usual jointed oscillating valve rod.-The fulcrum
being separate from the reverse plane" is a pendulum rod running parallel with the
valve spindle or rod, the two having separate connections with the valve lever
The fulcrum may take the end position on the valve lever ("the Miller's lift "),
and the reverse plane the intermediate or vice versa (the over end lever") with
corresponding change in the valve motor or source of motion respectively.-The

page_text: designation "pendulum fulcrum rod will not apply so aptly to horizontal or other
engines as vertical engines, but may serve by way of distinction.
In certain cases segmental guide bars with slide blocks or rollers may be used
to perform the functions of the pendulum fulcrum rod describing the same arc.
When the reverse plane is in the central position (zero) on motion being
imparted to the end of the valve lever or eccentric rod, the said valve
lever oscillates to and fro, on the pendulum fulcrum rod (impelled by the
ource of motion) through a prescribed circuit, the operation causing the
valve to open the amount assigned to it for "lead" only. As this occurs
when the engine is "on the centre," it answers for either way round and
determines the relative positions of main crank and valve motor centres.-By
moving the reverse plane to opposite extremes of its range, say thirty degrees more
or less of angularity on each side of the neutral point or mid gear, the engine is
reversed, and will exert full power back or forward (respectively) the expansion
increasing in varying degrees as the "reverse plane" recedes from the extreme
on one side or the other to its normal position when the variable expansion climax
is reached. In performing the above operations by the motive power, a cylinder is
used (for a single engine one direct action cylinder for a double engine two such
or with the use of a weigh shaft (one cylinder) having a valve (common slide
piston valve or fourway cock which opens the induction a little in advance of the
eduction so as to lock the piston at any point) reversable by hand lever which by
a simple catch hook attachment may be put under the control of the governor at
pleasure and the engine worked automatically. When the intervention of water
or other non compressible fluid is used the motive power acts upon the said
fluid in a cistern kept supplied by special pump, or when steam is the motive
power by the regular boiler pump, with a branch out of the feed pipe going to feed
the boiler. The pressure pipe to the cistern may be connected to the boiler in the
steam or water space, preferably the latter.-Or reverse and variable expansion
may be performed by the usual hand lever or hand wheel and the engine regulated
by the governor and ordinary throttle valve-The reverse plane may consist
of a Crowther" motion, "grasshopper motion," parallel bar or any class of
parallel motion or guide moving on sliding or pivot surfaces thrown to the
required degrees of angularity on trunnions, pivots or ring journals.
In order that my Invention may be clearly understood I now proceed further to
explain and describe the same by reference to the accompanying Drawings,
showing the manner in which the same is to be performed or carried into practical
effect that is to say-Description of the Drawings wherein similar letters and
Figures refer to like parts or parts performing similar functions.
Fig. 1 represent cross section and part end elevation of vertical engine-A being
section of cylinder and face. B section of the slide valve. V the valve rod working
through the guide bush K at the foot. G is the main lever of the reversing plane
of an equal ended" grass-hopper" motion working through the slot opening of valve
rod V with half length radius rods H connected to inside pins on the valve rod V
which constitutes the reverse plane. C is the eccentric on main shaft E, its rod L
being suspended on the pendulum rod P, swinging on fixed pin f. W is longitudinal
section of reverse and variable expansion cylinder which is connected to the top
end of main lever G through links N. The valve chest 0 (made with one or two
valves), admits the motive power through pipes r to cylinder W-actuated by hand
lever or levers H (to which the governor attaches at g) and when not operated by
the governor is secured in the required position by lock screw handle.
Fig. 2 is part plan of main shaft E eccentric C and its rod L working through
slot opening in valve rod V V shown in section.
Fig. 4 is part front elevation of main shaft E-eccentric rod L L in section-main
lever G and half length radius rods H H linked to pins in slot opening of valve
rod V with guide bush K; at foot O is the valve chest with levers h h mounted on
column on the bed plate, the eduction water can be discharged through said
columu.

page_text: Fig. 3 is part section of main cylinder and valve chamber A' with piston
valve B'.
Fig. 5 is part end elevation of engine, showing slide reversing plane S working
in ring journal embraced by straps of valve rod Vand reversed by hand wheel
and screw U U, actuating weigh bar M through spanner T and double spanner TT,
the reverse plane S connected by links N' N₁ which also answer as guides for
valve rod VI, eccentric rod L' being suspended at the outer end by pendulum
rod P with fixed centro f.
Fig. 6 is part plan of engine shaft E¹ eccentric C₁ and its rod L¹, with weigh
bar M, spanners T T and connecting links N' N'.
Fig. 7 is part end elevation of engine, showing
"Crowther" motion, reverse
plane R, actuated similarly to Fig. 5, with eccentric rod L' suspended at the outer
end on pendulum rod P2 with fixed centre f.
Fig. 8 is cross section through "Crowther" motion reverse plane.
Fig. 12 represents diagram of "Miller's lift" arrangement, with letters
corresponding with the above descriptions.
Fig. 17 represents diagram of " overend
corresponding with the above descriptions.
valve lever also with letters
Fig 13 represents guide are, with roller fulcrum, which may be used in place of
pendulum fulcrum rod.
Fig. 14 is similar to the above but with slide blocks.
Fig. 18 represents "overend" cranks with radial pin for working valvo lever
with Miller's lift."
Fig. 19 represents "over end" crank and "over end" valve lever.
Fig. 20 represents crank shaft with cranked journal for "Millers lift."
Fig. 21 represents cranked shaft with cranked journal for "overend "lever.
Fig. 15 represents on enlarged scale "ne plus ultra" valve with cylinder faces
and two ingress ports into the valve chamber at each end of valve and underneath
cylinder face.
"
Fig. 16 represents on enlarged scale 'ne plus ultra" valve and cylinder faces
with 3 ingress ports into the valve chamber at each end of valve and underneath
cylinder face.
Fig. 10 represents an arrangement applicable to a locomotive or horizontal engine,
with piston rod guided by an unequal ended "grasshopper" parallel motion X X
attached to crank shaft D by main connecting rod.-A2 is section of cylinder
and face, B is section of common slide valve. The valve lever L is connected to
the parallel motion X X by links Y.-The ends of valve lever Lo and connecting
links Y are at their junction attached to the connecting rod by the links Z.-The
valve rods V3 is guided by blocks I. I., working in fixed slide bars.-The reverse plane
is an equal ended "grasshopper" motion, main lever G and half length radius
rods H H working on pins in valve rod V³. Mis the weigh bar for reversing
through the spanner T and links N³, operating at the end of "grasshopper
lever G', whilst the other end couples to top end of valve lever L.-Valve lever Lo
swings on the pendulum rod P³ with fixed centre f.
"
Figs. 9 and 11 are part plans of valve rod V3 guide blocks I I reverse plane G¹
and HH' and links № also piston rod guide parallel motion X X.
"
Fig. 22 represents an arrangement applicable to a locomotive or horizontal engine;
the piston rod guided by parallel bar motion attached to crank shaft D' by main
connecting rod. A³ is section of cylinder and face.-B3 section of "ne plus ultra
valve worked from the cross-head through link a and lever b, which hinges on fixed
journal J and is connected to valve lever L' by link Y.-The lower end of valve
lever L' is attached to the connecting rod by links Z'.-The valve rod V is guided
by blocks working in fixed slide bars.-The reverse plane is an equal ended
grasshopper motion, main lever G2 and half length radius rods H² H² working
on pins in valve rod VM is the weigh bar for reversing through the spanner T³
and links No, operating at the end of "grasshopper" lever G³, whilst the other end
"
""

page_text: is coupled to top end of valve lever L.-Valve lever L' swings on the pendulum
rod Is with fixed centre f.
Fig. 23 represents an arrangement suitable for a locomotive or horizontal engine,
the piston rod guided by a parallel bar motion with cross-head b attached to crank
shaft D by main connecting rod.-A is section of the cylinder and face.-B' is
section of the " ne plus ultra" valve worked from the cross head through link Y',
which is connected to valve lever Ls, the said valve lever L and link Z are of
such proportions as to cause the pendulum link P to vibrate equally on each side
of the centre line in conformity with the vibration assigned to the main connecting
rod. The valve rod V is guided by blocks working on fixed slide bars.-The
reverse plane is an equal ended "grass hopper" motion, the main lever G³ and half
length radius rods H3 H³ working on pins in the valve rod V-M³ is the weigh
bar for reversing through the spanner T and link N' operating at the end of the
grasshopper lever G³, whilst the other end is coupled to the top end of the valve
lever L Valve lever LS swings on the pendulum rod P with fixed centre f.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed or carried out in
practice, although not confining myself to details in which obviously different
circumstances will require adaptable variations, I hereby declare that 1 claim the
herein before described valves and valve gear substantially as set forth and described
herein as secured to me by Letters Patent, wherein the following are important
points or characteristic features:-
(1). A rigid valve rod guided lineally and having the reverse plane applied direct
thereto.
(2). The eccentric rod or valve lever, swung to and fro on a pendulum fulcrum
rod with a fixed centre (or on guide bars with rollers or slide blocks describing
same arc) the said rod or are being proportioned to give more or less steam (or
motive power) at either end of the cylinder, or an equal charge at both ends.
[
(3). The inducing an intermittent movement and imparting it to the valve,
whereby celerity in the interchange of motive power is effected.
(4). The induction of motive power at the back of the cylinder face thus relieving
the pressure on the cylinder and valve faces by its neutralizing effect.
(5). Increased wearing surfaces of the cylinder and valve faces and reduced
pressure thereon as just herein mentioned.
(6). The valves affording an enlarged induction opening with specially enlarged
lend area without altering the timing thereof.
""
(7). The valve lever Ls and link Z, so proportioned as to cause the pendulum
link P to vibrate equally both as to time and distance on each side of the centro
line of said pendulum link, in conformity with the vibration assigned to it by
attachment to main connecting rod, substantially as shown and described by
reference to Fig. 23 of the accompanying Drawings.-I do not however claim the
use of the motive power for reversing and working automatically as herein
described except as applied in combination with the “ ne plus ultra" valve or
gear, inasmuch as I had originated and practically applied it prior to and notably
on my exhibition prize engine at Dublin in 1865.
In witness whereof I the said John Wesley Hackworth have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Sixth day of July One thousand eight hundred and
mighty twen
JOHN W. HACKWORTH. (L.S.)