IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERCLOSETS 4
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Basil Ronald, Brassfounder, and John Farmer,
Engineer, both of the City of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERCLOSETS
4
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Basil Ronald and
John Farmer at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 11th January 1872.
We, BASIL RONALD, Brassfounder, and JOHN FARMER, Engineer, both
of the City of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WATERCLOSETS AND THEIR VALVES, WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES," to
be as follows, that is to say :-
-
This said Invention has reference to the construction and arrangement

page_text: efficient than heretofore, and the nature of the Invention, as constructed
in accordance with one modification, consists in forming the inverted
conical basin or vessel with one side close up to and entering the vertical
discharge pipe near the bottom of both, so that the body of water in the
basin flushes it and rushes direct into the throat of the discharge pipe,
fitted with a brass or other conical collar or scat, on which the lower
closing end of a combincil water overflow pipe and stop or discharge
valve rests, by a round or flat sided bearing india-rubber ring round it.
This valve or plug is otherwise made in the form of a close hollow cast-
iron pipe, open below but close at the top end, some distance above the
normal water level, with the lifting rod attached to it and passing up
through the seat, or a small stuffing box with a handle above in recessed
bush, as usual. The top part having a syphon or overflow pipe
attached drooping and working up and down into a lateral or side
pocket on the discharge pipe, so as to be full of water up to or over the
division plate or side, and thus water lute or seal the lower open end of
the overflow pipe cither when up or down, and allow the overflow water
to run up the side pipe and over by a connecting branch or duct into the
closed top end and down the hollow discharge valve, and thus form a
close overflow syphon or pipe also, direct through the centre of the closed
hollow discharge valve and pipe; or otherwise (in some cases instead of
this side pocket and drooping overflow pipe) a small inverted bent pipe
or trap chamber may be formed in the top of the hollow discharge plug,
or upon or attached to the inside of the cover (which could be closely
jointed), so that the water would run in from a side port or top entrance
down one side and up and over the other at the level desired, which
would always be full of water, and prevent the offensive gases passing.
through this overflow when the plug is lifted, a slight cscape being
allowed to run off from the trap or the side pocket each time the plug
is lifted to keep the water therein fresh as well as in the other chambers
of the closet. The inclined axis of the inverted conical basin and that
of the vertical discharge valve and pipe are by preference in the same
vertical plane, and has the greater angled side of the basin running
straight up opposite to and from the outlet throat of the discharge valve,
right up to the under side of the seat, or slightly curved towards the
vertical at the top, where the usual inner flange is formed all round it
to prevent the spirally flushing water entered there as usual from getting
over the open top, which is horizontal and close up to or parallel to the
seat, but not at right angles to the axis of the basin as usual; however,

page_text: when desired the basin might be thus set at right angles to the seat,
having the discharge plug and pipe lying at an angle instead. The
water inlet valve may be of the ordinary forms used, fitted as usual to
the one side and top of the basin, controlled by a porcelain or other float
of the ball or cheese shape and a lever; the float either attached or
connected to the lever works or riscs and falls with the level of the
water in a small basin or vessel a very little larger than the float, and is
connected by a branch pipe below to the side of the discharge pipe,
which is a little larger in diameter than the hollow stop and discharge
plug or valve, also that the water rises to the same normal water level
in the basin, discharge pipe, and water chest of the ball or other float,
which shuts off the water as usual by its rising, and puts it on by its
falling in the float chest; the water flowing out through the branch
pipe flushes the sides of the lower part of the stop plug and discharge
pipe, which may either be cast in one with the whole basin, when that
is enamelled in the inside, or with the lower parts, having a socket and
flange to receive and joint the lower end of a porcelain or other basin to.
The bevelled side of the basin may in some cases be set to the front, so
that the lifting handle of the discharge valve may be at the back of the
hinged lid or cover of the basin and seat (instead of at the side as usual),
which by a pall or detent (secured behind the hinge) may be made to
lift the discharge plug and flush the basin by the act of shutting down
the lid, so that whether raised by hand or automatically the lid is nearly
or quite shut down before opening the valve, and thus prevent foul air
or gases flowing up the discharge pipe and basin while the valve is up,*
(even if the usual reversed overflow bent or trap pipe is not used, and
fitted on the discharge pipe, as is sometimes the case,) and an india-
rubber washer may in some cases be secured in the lid or seat, so as to
make it fluid-tight when closed, and thus prevent all escape of smell
from the open basin, while a pane of glass or window may be fitted into
the lid or cover of the closet to enable the person to see the drawing
handle and also when the pan is properly flushed. The discharge valve
scat or throat may be jointed in and fixed by riveting or turning it in
under an annular or inclined collar below, or the brass or india-rubber
seat or throat may be jointed between two flanges securing the basin.
and discharge pipe to the throat pipe and its sitting or securing flange
and lugs. The improved arrangement of round or polygonal india-
rubber ring (which is drawn out and sprung on to a groove formed for
retaining it on the lower part of the closing plug) is also applicable

page_text: to other forms and constructions of lid or flanged valves for the
inlet and discharge valves of pumps and other purposes when desired.
Another improvement consists in jointing a close cover on the top of
the float chest and discharge pipe, and connecting these and the top of
the basin by a duct, all leading into or near the top of the discharge
pipe, which is formed with a close branch and pipe so as to conduct all
smell or gases from the water in these parts of the closet up the said
pipe through the roof or into the chimney or other ventilating shaft for
that purpose,
which makes a chest thus fitted with a tight lid over
the open pan quite free from smell; the spindles of the float and dis-
charge plug working out through small tight stuffing boxes in the covers
or their chambers.
Another improvement consists in forming an intermediate chamber
close to the discharge throat and valve of the pan converging to a
discharge throat where it enters the discharge pipe; controlled and
closed by a valve opening downwards, connected directly by a rod or
otherwise to the discharge valve above, also that when it is pulled up to
open the discharge throat the lower valve closes the throat of the inter-
mediate chamber of the discharge pipe, and allows the water from the
pan to be flushed and discharged into the intermediate chamber, and
when both valves are again lowered the throat of the pan is closed and
that of the intermediate chamber opened, which allows the contents of
the chamber to finally flow into the discharge pipe without the possi-
bility of any affluvia or gases passing up the discharge pipe into the
closet, as an intermediate trap valve arrangement and the use of a
certain minimum measured quantity of water regulated by the float, and
the compact size and construction of the water spaces and chambers in
these improved arrangements of closets, all as described.
In this or the other arrangements the upper discharge hollow plug
may be made with a close end at the bottom, having a small open over-
flow pipe only running up through it with a crook or bent syphon head
at top dipping into a small water luting pocket formed within the
top of the plug at the level of the water in the pan and float
chamber.'
The lower valve may be connected to a rod and handle, so as to close
its throat just before opening the upper valve, instead of the valves being
rigidly attached to each other, as herein-before described.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Basil Ronald and John Farmer in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 11th July 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, BASIL
RONALD, Brassfounder, and JOHN FARMER, Engineer, both of the City
of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of January, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said Basil Ronald and John Farmer, Her
special licence that we, the said Basil Ronald and John Farmer, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
Basil Ronald and John Farmer, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERCLOSETS AND
THEIR VALVES, WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that we, the said Basil Ronald and
John Farmer, our exccutors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and scals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Basil Ronald and John Farmer,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement in writing, reference being had to
the accompanying Drawings and to the letters and numerals marked
thereon, that is to say :-

page_text: of the parts of waterclosets whereby they are made more simple and
efficient than heretofore.
In order that our said Invention may be properly understood and
performed or put into practice, we shall now proceed to describe the
several illustrative Figures upon the four Sheets of explanatory
Drawings, which we have hereunto appended for the purpose of showing
many of the best modifications and means in reference thereto which we
are at present aware of for carrying our said Invention or improvements
into practice; the same reference letters and numerals being employed
to indicate the same or like parts in all the Figures.
Referring to Sheet 1 of the Drawings, Figure 1 is a sectional elevation
of one modification or arrangement of a water closet constructed in
accordance with and illustrative of several of the improvements of our
said Invention. Figure 2 is a plan with seat removed; Figure 3 is a
sectional elevation taken on the plane 2---2, in Figure 2, at right angles
to Figure 1, and Figure 4 is a sectional plan, taken on the horizontal
plane α---a, in and all respectively of the modification shown in
Figuro 1.
In this modification (Figures 1 to 4 inclusive) the construction and
improvements substantially consist as follows:-In forming the usual
porcelain or other inverted conical basin or vessel A, with one side close
up to and entering the vertical discharge pipe B near the bottom B' of
both, so that the body of water Z in the basin A. flushes it and rushes
direct into the throat B', of the discharge pipe B, which is fitted with an
improved brass or other conical collar or seat B", on which the lower
closing end D' of a combined water overflow pipe and stop or discharge
valve D rests and closes by an improved construction of india-rubber
bearing ring D" sunk round it, which ring may be round, polygonal, or
flat sided in cross section.
This improved valve or plug D is otherwise made in the form of a
close hollow cast-iron pipe.open below at D³, but close at the top end
D² some distance above the normal water level Z³, with the ordinary
lifting rod d attached to it and passing up through the seat a, or it may
be a small stuffing box having the handle & secured to the rod above
the recessed bush d", as usual. The top part D* of the plug D has a
syphon or overflow dip pipe E attached to it, so as to droop and work up
and down into a lateral or side pocket F on the discharge pipe B which

page_text: is full of water up to or over the division plate or side F¹, and thus
water lute or seal the lower open end E¹ of the overflow pipe E, either
when up or down, and yet allow the overflow water to run up the said
side pipe E, and over by a connecting branch or duct E", into the closed
top end D², and down the hollow discharge valve D, and thus form a
close overflow syphon or pipe also direct through the centre of the close
hollow discharge pipe B and valve D. The pocket F would always be
full of water to prevent the offensive gases passing through the overflow
pipe E when the plug D was lifted, allowing a slight escape of the water
to run off from the trap pocket F at top side F¹ each time the plug was
lifted to keep the water therein fresh.
The inclined axis of the inverted conical basin A, and that of the
vertical discharge valve and pipe D and B, are by preference placed in
the same longitudinal or transverse vertical plane indicated by the line
1---1, in Figures 1, 2, and has the greater angled side A¹ of the basin A
running straight up from and opposite to the outlet throat B¹ of the
discharge valve D right up to the under side of the seat a, or slightly
curved towards the vertical at the top As, where the usual inner flange
A is formed all round it to prevent the spirally flushing water entered
there at G as usual from getting over the open top which is horizontal
and close up to or parallel to the seat, but not at right angles to the
axis (3---3, Figure 1) of the basin A as usual; however, when desired the
basin might be thus set at right angles to the seat having the discharge
plug D and pipe B lying at an angle instead, as will hercin-after be more
fully described and shown in reference to Figures 15, 19, 24, and 28, on
Sheets 1 and 2.
•
The water inlet valve H may be of the ordinary forms used, and fitted
as usual to the one side and top of the basin A, controlled by a float I
and lever I'. The float I, cither attached or connected to the lever I',
works or rises and falls with the level of the water Z in an improved
small basin or vessel J, a very little larger than the float I, shown con-
nected by the branch pipe J" below to the side of the discharge pipe B,
which is a little larger in diameter than the hollow stop and discharge
plug or valve D, all so that the water rises to the same normal water
level Z in the basin A, discharge pipe B, and water chest J, of the
ball I, or other float, which, when preferred, might be made of hollow
porcelain, instead of thin sheet metal, as heretofore, so as to shut off the
valve H and water as usual by its rising and opening, and put it on by

page_text: its falling in the float chest J. The water in flowing out through the
branch pipe J¹ flushes the sides of the lower part of the stop plug D
and discharge pipe B, which latter may either be cast in one with the
large socket part A", for carrying the porcelain or other basin A, (jointed
as shown to or formed in one with the whole basin A when the basins
are cast in iron and enamelled in the inside, as they sometimes are.
In this arrangement the float inlet water valve H is jointed to the
coupling z of the service pipe z¹, and to an improved small waste water
cup C or seating around it, with a conducting gutter C', by which it is
firmly bolted to one side and top of the corresponding continuation
gutter or recess C", cast on large faucet or chamber A" so as to conduct
any waste leakage water escaping at the valve to the bottom of the basin
at A. The bevelled side A¹ of the basin may in some cases be set to
the front, so that the lifting handle d' of the discharge valve D may be
at the back of the hinged lid or cover a¹ of the seat and basin (instead of
at the sides, as usual), which, by an improved arrangement of pall or
detent (secured behind the hinge), may be made to lift the discharge
plug D, and flush the basin by the act of shutting down the lid a¹, or by
the hand after the lid is shut down (as will be herein-after more fully
described in reference to Figures 41 to 45 on Sheet 3), so that, whether
raised by hand or automatically the lid is nearly or quite shut down
before opening the valve, and thus prevents foul air or gases flowing up
the discharge pipe B and basin A while the valve is up, even if the
usual reversed overflow bent or trap pipe X is not used or fitted on the
bottom B³ of the discharge pipe B, as is sometimes the case, and an
india-rubber washer may in some cases be secured in the lid or seat, so
as to make it fluid tight when closed, and thus prevent all escape of
smell from the open basin A, while a pane of glass or window e may be
fitted into the lid or cover a¹ over the basin or closet to enable the
person to see the drawing handle d¹ when so placed at the back, and
also when the basin or pan A is properly "flushed." The discharge valve
seat B or throat, whether made of brass or india-rubber, may be jointed
in between the flanges B, securing the basin part A" and discharge
pipe B³ to the throat of the soil pipe B³, B³, and its lower sitting and
securing flange and lugs at 6 to the floor or basement 61. The height of
the overflow branch or duct E" and ball float I are regulated in all cases
to maintain the water level 7 above the division or overflow plate F¹ of
the trap pocket F, whether that is formed in the outlet pipe B or within
the plug D, to allow a part of the water from the trap F to run away

page_text: every time the closet is flushed, so as to keep the water always fresh in
the pocket or trap F. In this case the dip pipe E is so long that when
the plug D is drawn up its lower end E' is still in the water, which thus
prevents the escape of gases up the soil and plug pipes B, D. The
cistern J for the regulating ball float I is shown bolted to the side of
the discharge pipe B of closet, but it might also be cast in one with that
pipe, or with the body of the closet, as shown in some of the other
modifications to be herein-after described; and the lid or cover of the
seat a, when one is fitted to this closet, would be hinged to lift at right
angles to the sectional planes 1---1, of Figures 1 and 2, having the
handled on the left-hand side of the Figure, but, as before stated, the
lid might be hinged so as to have the handle d in a line behind the
front of the seat.
Figure 5 is a vertical section of a slightly different modification of the
discharge pipe B and closing plug valve D from that shown in Figures 1
to 4, and in which the syphon or dip pipe E and its luting pocket F are
made much shorter, and therefore does not keep the gases from flowing
up the hollow plug D into the upper part of its chamber B, and dwelling
while it is lifted, but water seals it again as soon as dropped; and in
this arrangement the plug D is made with a tapered point, and has a
brass bush or cap D¹¹¹ cast or fitted on it instead of the india-rubber
ring D" of the former modification, and which in this case is made
to bear upon the inside of an annular india-rubber washer or flange
seating D³, fitting it but slightly rounded on the top edge and firmly
secured between the flanges B, bolting the upper and lower parts of
the discharge soil pipes B³ together, all so as to prevent the water from
acting upon the closing or bearing surfaces chemically to their destruc-
tion, or the possibility of the valve not thoroughly closing from the
stoppage of matter in the seating, a plan of the india-rubber washer Ds
of which is shown in Figure 6, detached.
111
Figures 7 and 8 are a vertical section and a plan respectively of a
hollow closing plug and overflow pipe D, combined without being
trapped (except by the usual reverse bent trap of the soil pipe X,
indicated in Figure 1), having a portion of the closing cover D³ left
open for the overflow of the water at the water level Z' and lip E",
plug being fitted with the improved india-rubber ring D" shrunk on to
it, and shown round in section without the flat bearing surface on the
upper side, as shown in Figures 1 and 3.
this

page_text: Figures 9 and 10 are a longitudinal clevation and a plan respectively
of a watercloset showing another modification and adaptation of our said
improvements applied thereto. In this case the overflow water trap F, E,
is all arranged inside the plug D, as shown. The cover D², for fixing the
lifting handle d, d¹, to by means of a screw and nut, is by preference
loose and jointed, and fixed close to top by the same screw to a cross
flange and division feather E', forming the descending and rising ducts F
and E of the trap, the first open at top to the water in the chamber B,
and the latter opening by the overflow port E" to the inside of the hollow
plug D, thus allowing the water to maintain its normal level Z' by flow-
ing down the open duct F below the division E', and up and over the
close duct E, E", of the trap, part of the water from which runs off over
the edge F¹ every time the plug is lifted, to insure the water being fresh
in the trap in addition to the run of waste water through it. The
chamber or pipe B for the plug D is placed vertically as in all the other
modifications shown on Sheet 1, and is cast in one with the faucet A"
and wide duct part A and throat pipe B¹, B³, of or leading to the soil
pipe. The basin A is jointed and carried by a short conical piece and
broad flange at bottom to the correspondingly shaped part, also flanged
at A" in a usual manner, but with the axis 3---3, Figure 9, of the
basin A laid at an angle in side elevation and vertical in transverse
elevation, having the side next the plug chamber B vertical and parallel
thereto, as in the other modifications described, but having the opposite
angled side A' curved or dished up more towards the perpendicular
at A³ to give a better run or wash from where the flushing water is
made to enter at Gas usual from the supply valve H, which is in this
case mounted in a detached overflow cup and seating C with a tube C¹,
for conducting the waste leakage water from the valve to the lower part
at C of the seating A* of the basin to which it is securely jointed.
The regulating float I and its water chamber and duct J, J', are
arranged and secured as described in reference to Figures 1 to 4.
In this modification the valve point D³ of the plug D is shown with a
hollow or tubular india-rubber ring D", to give greater elasticity to its
acting surface, sprung and shrunk on to the groove instead of the solid
one shown in Figure 7, and the seating B" (on which the india-rubber
ring D" of the plug D rests) is made in the form of a conical bush or
collar of soft brass (copper or other equivalent, which will stand the
chemical action of the water) so as to be turned in, pressed or riveted

page_text: under the edge of the seating av and
other equivalent means used for securing metal seatings for other
valves, to save the necessity of a flange or other joint as B¹, shown in
Figures 1, 3, and 5.
Figures 11 and 12 are a longitudinal section and plan with covers
removed respectively of a watercloset, showing another modification and
adaptation of our said improvements. In this case the whole of the
closet, namely the basin A and plug and float cisterns B and J,
are all cast in the same vertical plane, as shown, and in one piece of
iron, with the throat soil pipe B', B³, and sole plate for securing it to the
floor b. This closet is specially designed to occupy little space, parti-
cularly in the width laterally or longitudinally as placed; the interior of
the basin A may either be enamelled or have a common porcelain basin
placed therein, and the float and plug water chests J and B have a close
lid K securely jointed on top with an india-rubber flange d¹¹ or stuffing
box over the latter, through which the rod d works, having its lower
end linked or jointed to the top of the plug D, all so as to prevent the
escape of gas from these compartments of the closet at any time. The
top part of the plug D is cast in the form of a reverse double bent close
trap for the overflow of the water at the proper level Z' down the open
end and duct F, and up and over the close one E, E", into the hollow
plug, the hole or part cut away at F" in the side of the inlet bend F
allowing the top portion of the water in the trap to escape every time it
and the plug are lifted to flush the closet. This conical point D¹ of the
plug D has a brass bearing bush or cap D" firmly screwed on it, as
shown and described in reference to Figure 5, but the pipe B and throat
of the soil pipe B³ being cast in one it has an india-rubber ring seating D³
compressed into a groove formed in it for the purpose, the conical part
of the plug D bearing on the inside of the ring D³, pressing it out, and
insuring perfect tightness of the bearing surfaces inside and out; and as
the upper fountain part nearly fills the pipe B the plug D cannot get
much out of line although canted to the one side, as in ships' closets.
The water level Z' is determined and regulated by an improved con-
struction of valve Hand ball float I directly connected to it by a short
stem or spindle I", all as shown at Figure 11, and to a large scale in
vertical and horizontal sections respectively in Figures 17 and 18; the
'construction and action of which will be herein-after more fully
described in reference to these Figures. The float cistern J is directly

page_text: connected by the branch J¹ to the back of the plug chamber B, and the
valve chest H is secured to the back wall of the chamber J by the inlet
water branch, and a collar on inside and nut on outside of it near the
coupling end ¹, with the conducting water branch leading from dis-
charge side of valve, and jointed at right angles to the back or side of
the basin A at G.
Figures 13 and 14 are a sectional elevation and a plan respectively of a
slightly different modification of our improved overflow and hollow plug
valve combined from that shown in Figures 11 and 12, in which a simple
swan-neck overflow or bend E is used, dipping into and closed below
the level of the water in the plug chamber B itself, so as to allow the
overflow water to run up and over the bend E, E', into the plug when
it is closed and down, but water seal or close it and prevent the gases
from ascending into the chamber B. In this case the india-rubber
ring D" is flat inside with the right-angled corners, and shrunk into a flat
groove in the lower end of the plug D, having the outer bearing surface
made spherical so as to work in a correspondingly shaped brass
or other scat firmly secured or formed in the throat B' of the soil
pipe B³.
Figures 15 and 16 are a vertical longitudinal section and a plan
with cover removed respectively of a watercloset with a common conical
porcelain basin A placed with its axis vertical in the iron receiver A",
which is cast in one with the long conducting duct A* and plug and
float chests B and J, the latter opening direct into the former on one
side of the plane 1---1 of the vertical axes of the chambers A", B.
The throat of the soil pipe in this case is fitted with an annular spherical
hollow cup seating of india-rubber D³ secured and bolted between the
flanges B, as in the former medification, Figures 1, 3, and 5, having
the lower end of the plug D formed with a corresponding annular
convex bearing end to fit and close over the ring D'. The trap F, E, in ;
the plug D, and float I, and supply water valve are all otherwise sub-
stantially of the improved construction shown and described in reference
to Figures 11 and 12, except that no cover K is shown on the chests B
and J, and that the latter being here placed so close to the basin A the
inlet branches z and are enabled to be very short and led and jointed
in a straight line to the basin, making a strong and compact seating for
the valve H and arrangement of the whole closet. These improved
arrangements of india-rubber rings D", D, or B", B, whether round,

page_text: polygonal, or of other equivalent shape in cross section as described, and
either drawn out and sprung or shrunk on to or compressed into corres-
pondingly shaped grooves formed for retaining them on the lower parts
or acting faces of the closing plugs or their seats for waterclosets, are also
capable of being applied to the acting or closing faces of the other forms
and constructions of valves as the inlet valves of these closets, or the
valves for pumps and other purposes; an example of which is shown in
the application to our improved valve, shown to a full sized scale in
Figures 17 and 18, suitable for watercloset inlet valves.
Referring to the construction and action of our improved float valve H¹
shown as applied to the waterclosets described in reference to Figures 11,
12, and 15, 16, and especially to the enlarged sections Figures 17 and 18,
on Sheet 1, the actual valve or plug of it is made in the form of a hollow
conical plug or tap i fitting a corresponding ground seat h, with an annular
close bearing above and below the inlet duct z, z*, carried annularly round
the central part of the plug i, which has two grooves turned in it with
annular bearing rings D" sprung and shrunk on to them, one opposite
cach bearing surface ⁄ in the case H'. This valve case H' is made with
a small close cylindrical chamber above, into which an open guiding
ring works, carried on side stems on the plug i, while the lower part
of the case has a larger cylindrical chamber ", down into which the
large end of the plug i works, with open space leading into the dis-
charge duct leading to the basin. The stem I" of the ball float I is
turned and worked up through a hole in the cover ³ screwed on the
lower end of the chamber " of the valve chest H¹; and this cover
might have a stuffing box or collar of india-rubber for the spindle I" of
the valve to work through and prevent leakage thereat. The upper
end of the stem I" is screwed into an eye on the lower end of the
plug fixed by a jam nut with an india-rubber washer below to soften
and prevent injury to it when the float I and plug fall from the absence
of water in the float chest J. The valve i and its spindle I" being
guided at top and bottom of the valve case H' enables the float to work
the valve freely although canted, as might be the case in ships' closets;
and from the construction of the valve i and its seating hit will at
5 once be seen that it is a nearly equilibrium and most sensitively working
valve; the preponderant pressure of the water in supply pipe tending to
open it and the duct **, depends on the difference of area of the tapered
part within the annular part of the duct or space * round it, which

page_text: is easily regulated by the angle given to the valve i, and depth of the
space, to suit the pressure of water and size of float used, which can
thus be made so small that the one shown in these Figures full size is
sufficient to work the valve direct without a lever, for any ordinary
pressures used in the service pipes of houses, whether direct from the
main or from cistern above closet in dwelling; the use of the improved
india-rubber rings D" in the bearing faces either of the plug i or seat h
insures tightness with little force against the pressure of the water as
here exerted, and when the float I falls, or is pulled down with the level
of the water in the chamber J it lowers and opens the valve i, so that
the water flows both up and down its sides and through its hollow
centre into the space " below of the valve chamber and out through
the discharge or conducting pipe to the basin of the closet, all as
indicated by the arrows in these views and in the other general arrange-
ments shown in the several Figures of the other Sheets. The flow of
the flushing water and leakage within and from the several chambers
and ducts of the closets where such takes place, is also indicated by
arrows in the respective parts of the Figures.
Referring now to the several Figures and modifications of our im-
provements shown on Sheet 2, Figure 19 is a sectional elevation taken
on the line 1---1 in Figure 20, which is a plan, with seat and cover
removed, and Figure 21 is a vertical section taken on the line 2---2 in
Figure 1, all of a watercloset, with an ordinary porcelain basin A, set
with its axis 3---3 nearly vertical, in a correspondingly shaped faucet A"
with lateral conducting pipe A*, both cast in one piece with the vertical
plug chest B, and chamber or recess behind it at top for water supply
valve, lever, and float, without joint at throat B to soil pipe B³. In
this case the improved india-rubber seating is made in the form of an
annular flat bush D³, with conical bearing surface inside for lower end
of plug D to rest on compressed tightly into a correspondingly shaped
groove in throat B¹ of the basement of the closet leading to soil pipe B³.
The plug D has a bearing ring of brass D", cast or pinned on to its
lower conical end for fitting into the india-rubber seat D³. In this case
the hollow plug D is cast in one piece (as in some of the former modi-
fications shown in Figures 9, 11, and 15, with the syphon or bent
trap F, E, E", formed in it at top in the form of a scroll pipe, with one,
two, or more small lateral holes F' for letting off a portion of the water
therefrom, to refresh and renew it every time it is lifted. The rod d of

page_text: lifting handle is attached by a screw or pin to a boss or snugs at top D²,
and works up through a cover K jointed on top of plug and float
chamber B, J, and may be carried all round the rim A* of basin A
when desired. The supply valve H' is shown of the improved con-
struction described in reference to Figures 11, 12, and 15 to 17, on
Sheet 1, but worked by a small float I and lever I', fulcrummed at I* to
the side of the chest J and attached to the spindle I" of the valve above,
which has the conducting pipe z leading outside laterally and jointed to
the basin in the usual manner at G. The nature and action of this
improved valve allow the ball float I to be made very small in diameter
compared with the large ball floats which are now required and in use
with the common valves.
Figure 22 is a sectional elevation taken on the plan Figure 23, both of
a modification of watercloset with semicircular basin A, and its con-
ducting pipe A* and plug chamber B, with scat B and soil branch B³
all cast in one picce with pocket C cast at top of plug chamber B for
supporting an ordinary valve H, and its lever l' conducting the leakage
therefrom into chamber B; the float chest J is placed close to the far
side of the basin A to suit the long lever I', and connected by the
branch J below at J³ to the conducting pipe A* of the basin, so as to
make the water from the float vessel J flow down the pipe A* and flush
it every time the plug D is lifted. In this case the syphon or overflow
trap E, E, F, at top of plug D is made in the swan neck form shown in
Figures 13 and 14, with a cup or pocket F attached to it by one or more
small tubes F¹ so as to prevent the gases escaping up the overflow plug D
when it is up, and allow of the escape of some of the water in the swan
neck E, and thus refresh it. The plug has a lug cast on top of syphon
bend at D², for the forked rod d being fixed to (but this rod may have a
plain eye, or a double jaw may be cast on the plug for fitting the rod to)'.
for lifting the plug D by the handle d' above the seat a as usual. The
lower part of the plug D is tapered for a longer distance than shown in
the other modifications, and the point, either with or without a brass
bearing bush cast or rivetted on it, rests or works on the rounded inside
of the hollow india-rubber washer or seating D³, in this case shown as
fitted into a portable metal collar or bush 62 inserted and jointed or
pressed up from the lower branch B³ so as to make the top of the india-
rubber form the joint by the conical points of two or more lateral
'screws ¹¹, or otherwise it may be driven up very tight and fixed with or

page_text: without a screw pin, the basin A being all cast in a piece, it may be
enamelled; a hollow gutter L is cast in plug chamber B at side of
basin to allow the water which may be thrown into closet to get rapidly
away; but at other places the plug chamber B may be made so that the
plug will not have very much clearance; the supply cock or valve H is
shown screwed inside the compartment C at side of the round chamber B
in which the plug D works, which dispenses with the gutters or rhones
for leading the "spill" water from the cock or valve into closet.
Figures 24 and 25 are a sectional elevation and a plan respectively of
a very compact watercloset, having the casing A" (with common
porcelain basin A. set in it vertically) cast in one piece with a cylindri-
cal plug chamber B lying at an angle parallel to one side of basin, and
with float chest J at top side of it; but jointed with an annular flange
scating of india-rubber D³ between the angled flanges B at the throat B'
well rounded at top edges so that the turned conical end D' of the plug D,
either with or without a brass bearing bush on it, closes the throat and
the direct duct A*, thus leading straight down into the soil branch B³
in the securing base of the closet. The plug is lifted by the rod a
(secured to a cross bridge D³ cast in it) working at an angle, otherwise
as usual up through the seat a and brass cup guide d" for handle a
above;
and the bottom D' of plug D may be fitted with a simple india-
rubber valve of the lip or V class or other equivalent as shown at B³,
which will open easily from the inside, and shut with its own elasticity
or a light spring, so that the overflow water can easily escape
allowing the gases or effluvia to pass up through the plug. The
chamber J for the ball float I working in, and to which the valve is
fixed, is cast on to the side of the plug chamber B, and the porcelain
basin A can either be put in or the cast-iron basin A" can be enamelled
to prevent the water from flowing over on to the floor (where the basin
is thus dropped into the case A"); the sides of the closet or case A" may
be carried up to the under side of seat a, and this may be done in any
of the modifications when desired so that there will be no danger from
water running over, although the porcelain basin A should get cracked
or broken.
without
Figure 26 is a vertical section, and Figure 27 is a plan with the seat a
and cover K removed, both of a modification of watercloset in which

page_text: allowing an escape of part of the water in the trap and freshening it
every time the plug is drawn up. An india-rubber ring D" is shrunk
into a groove on to bottom of plug D, and has its outer surface where
it rests on the brass seat B" slightly rounded, and the brass seat is fitted
and jointed as before described between the flanges B. A chamber J
is cast between the plug chamber B and the basin A, and its seat or
chamber A". The valve H¹ and float I with its spindle I" are fixed in
this central chamber J, the valve being the same as described in
reference to Figures 17 and 18 on Sheet 1. The basin A is by preference
placed at right angles to the seat a on one side, the other side A³ being
angled and partly rounded up towards the seat a, and the closet flushed
through the conducting duct A*, the water in the float chest J running
out into the plug chamber B when the plug is lifted through the
Figures 28 and 29 are respectively a vertical section and a plan with
the seat removed of a watercloset having the overflow trap formed in the
top of the hollow cylindrical plug D by a deep conical cup E, somewhat
smaller than the inside of plug, and secured to it by two or more tubes F"
or pins, one of them at least being a tube to allow a portion of the water
from the trap to flow away every time the plug was lifted by its rod d,
which is secured by a screw and nut at its lower end to a cross bridge
formed in the drooping conical or it might be cylindrical open tube F,
forming the inlet duct to the overflow trap (dipping into the cup E, but
not quite reaching the bottom) cast or formed on the under side of the
cover D³, securely jointed by screws or otherwise to the top of the
plug D; the arrows, as in all the Figures, indicating the direction of the
overflow. The improved bearing ring of india-rubber D" is fitted sub-
stantially the same as shown and described in reference to Figures 1
and 7, but the brass seating B" is made with a broad flange, as in
Figures 26 and 27, so as to be jointed or secured wholly between the
flanges B³ of the upper and lower parts of closet at throat without a
recess. The lower part of the chamber B being slightly tapered at B¹ to
near the size of the plug at D' to insure a better fitting and the impos-
sibility of paper or other matter sticking in the throat or seating. The
basin A (shown as a porcelain one) is placed vertically in the centre
between the plug chamber B and the ball or float chamber J, in which
the new valve ■' is fixed, mounted, and worked direct by the float, all
substantially as herein-before described, and utilizing the water flowing
B

page_text: from its chest J in the most direct manner to flush past the bottom of
the basin at A", through the conductor A*, right into the throat B' of
the soil pipe B³.
Figures 30 and 31 are respectively a vertical section and plan of
another modification of our improved watercloset, in which the plug D is
formed with a side pocket E at top for overflow trap, having the drooping
pipe F formed on the cover D³, secured and jointed to top of plug D by
the two opposite bolts and snugs c, working up and down in vertical
grooves c¹, made to clear them inside of plug chamber B for the purpose,
and which prevents the plug from being turned by the person
using the closet, which in some modifications of these closets is
necessary. A tube F is inserted through the plug D and drooping
duct F of the trap to let off a portion of the water therefrom, as in the
other modifications, when the plug is lifted to refresh it with new water
when the plug is let down. The rod d of the actuating bandle is
attached by a screw and nut at its lower end to the cover D² of the
plug D, the lower conical point of which falls and works upon the flat
india-rubber flange or ring seating D³ secured between the flanges B™
of the upper casting of the chambers of the closet and the basement
piece and branch B³, b, of the soil pipe, all substantially as shown and
described in reference to Figures 5 and 6. The cistern J is shown bolted
to the side of plug chamber B by its branch J¹ (as shown and described
in reference to Figures 1 to 4). A vertical section of this cistern J is
shown detached in Figure 32, having the lower part J' continued down
below the outlet branch J' so as to form a trap or leave and retain a
portion of the water always in the cistern up to the outlet J, and
prevent the gases flowing up from the drain pipe through this duct
or cistern, as it might do when not so trapped or covered.
Figures 33 and 34 are a vertical section and a plan respectively of an
overflow plug D, which only traps the upward flow of the gases when
the plug is down close resting on its seat and the water is kept up to its
level in the plug chamber B by a simple side opening and duct E,
continued in and up near the top of the plug where the overflow water
runs over the inside division E", some distance higher than the edge F¹
of the outer shell, which thus prevents the gas from passing.
Figures 35 and 36 are respectively a vertical section and a plan of a
modification of trapping overflow plug D, somewhat analogous to that

page_text: shown in Figure 33, but having the wall F¹ turned in and up in the
form of a side pocket, and the wall E¹ turned over and down into the
cup, so as to form the descending and rising passage F and E of a box
trap formed within the top part of the plug D, so that this plug traps
the gases while up off its seat, and the flowing-in edge F¹ being lower
than the overflow E allows a portion of the water to run off from the
trap, and refreshes it each time the plug is lifted.
Figures 37 and 38 are a vertical and a horizontal section through the
trap part of an overflow plug D and its chamber B, in which the trap is
formed by an annular pocket E below the top end D³ (to which the
lifting spindle d is attached) inside the outer shell, which has segmental
parts or spaces F cut away, so that the water flows through these and
over the contracted inner web E' of the annular space E. Thus this plug
forms an overflow and trap for preventing the escape of gas when the
plug rests on its seat and the water is up to its level Z'.
Figures 39 and 40 are respectively a vertical section and a plan of an
overflow plug D and its chamber B. The trap is formed at the top of
the plug by a deep annular recess or cup F, and the rim of a cap or
inverted cup D' dips down into the centre of the former and forms the
descending and rising annular ducts F and E of the trap. The over-
flow lip E¹ being higher than the inlet or the holes F¹ in it a portion of
the water is allowed to run off through these holes so as to freshen the
water in the trap each time the plug is lifted. The lower end of the
sliding rod d is connected to a snug on the top of the cap D³, which is
secured or cast on the contracted end E" of the cup at top of plug by
arms or cross pins; and the india-rubber bearing ring D", shrunk on the
groove at its lower end, is substantially as described and shown in
reference to Figures 26 and 27, except that it is here shown as resting on
the inner rounded edge of a brass or other metal washer or ring seat B",
bolted and jointed between the flanges B at the throat B', entering the
soil pipe B³.
Referring to the further modifications and improvements of our said
Invention shown in the several Figures on Sheet 3 of the Drawings,
Figure 41 is a transverse vertical section taken on the line 1---1 of the
plan; Figure 42 and Figure 43 is a front elevation with the lid a¹ turned
up, as indicated in dotted lines in Figure 41, of a watercloset as fitted in
accordance with a modification of our improvements complete, all made

page_text: and wrought so that the house or building in which it is placed has no
communication with the drain pipe. In this case the porcelain basin A
is placed with its angled rounded side A³, A³, to the front 1 of the closet,
and with the back nearly vertical to the plug chamber B, and secured in
the faucet with flange all round at A" (nearly as shown in Figures 9
and 10), which is cast in one with the former B, having the float valve
chamber J formed as a part or pocket behind it near the top, but it
might be placed laterally to one side (substantially either as shown in
Figures 11 and 12 or Figures 15, 16, and as may be seen also in Figures 44
and 45), this whole casting of these chambers being bolted at the throat
part B¹ of the soil pipe B³ by the flanges B with the india-rubber ring or
flange seating D³ secured between them, as described in reference to
Figures 5 and 6. The cast-iron plate cover K, which is closely screwed
and jointed over the combined plug and float valve chambers B, J, is
continued round over the lip A² of the basin (as was shown in Figures 19
and 26), and has the two stuffing boxes &³, 1³, formed on its upper side
over the centre of and for the respective rods & and j (of the plugs D
and i of the discharge and inlet valves of the closet) to pass up through
above the seat to be actuated by hand when desired; but these stuffing
boxes d³ and ³ may be formed on separate covers k, either with or
without removable metal cups d" and ", sunk in the seating a and
cover when desired, thus preventing all foul smells or noxious gases
passing up from the plug and valve chamber. The basin and whole
closet is shown enclosed in the usual wood framed chamber 1, 2, 3,
supporting the seat a, closely jointed to the plate K, and mounted with
the lid a', hinged above at e, as herein-before referred to, and lifted at
right angles to the vertical plane in which the axis of the basin A and plug
valve D are set, as seen turned up in Figure 43, with a glass window e¹
mounted in it so as to see the handle & of the plug D when in that
position, and also to see when the basin is properly flushed, when the lid
is turned down, which it must be when thus hinged to enable the
handled and plug D to be lifted by the person using the closet, the
handle d¹ being made large and of wood for the purpose of being easily
seen and actuated in this position; and as the under side of the lid a
has the india-rubber ring a" shrunk into a dovetailed groove all round,
projecting rather past the flush of the under side of the wood so as to
bear on a brass or other metal ring a³ shrunk into the seat a below it, all
communication up from the soil pipe B³ for the passage of gas or air
through the basin A. and joint of lid a¹ is prevented; but for the sudden

page_text: entrance and displacement of the air above the water at the moment of
flushing and refilling the basin A two short hollow tubes or ferrules are
inserted through the lid, with a loose disc or valve of india-rubber or
other equivalent, the one e¹¹ placed over the tube as a valve on the
inside for the inlet, and the one e on the outside for the outlet, the
arrows at the valves indicating the admission and outlet of the air. A
small air passage e³ is formed through the seating of the basin A and side
of the chamber B so that the air may have a free communication between
both chambers to equalize the pressure above the level of the water Z,
which will thus rise and fall freely and equally in both vessels. The
plug D is cast open at top and bottom with a cross bridge at D³, to
which the lower end of its lifting rod d is attached by a screw nut and a
jam nut to regulate its length, or it might be attached to a lug formed
on the top part of the overflow water trap F, E, which in this case is
placed inside the lower end at D¹, formed by a small hollow dome piece
and division plate E" on an end cover E³, which when inserted and
securely jointed by screws or otherwise to the extreme lower end of the
plug D forms the descending compartment F and rising one E of the
trap, the water flowing under the short end of the dome plate E' and up
and over the overflow plate and part at E", the water being freshened in
the trap both on the rising and falling of the plug every time the closet
is flushed by the flowing out and in of the water through the small
holes F¹ formed through the bearing part D" of the plug D, and which
are closed when the plug is down by the seating D³.
The water supply H' is shown actuated by the ball float I direct,
being a mere modification of the valve shown and described in reference
to Figures 17 and 18, except that the spindle j at the top end of plug i
is made to pass through its chamber h³ and stuffing box j herein referred
to; but the construction of this particular valve will be herein-after more
fully described in reference to Figures 47 to 54, which are the full-sized
details of this and other modifications of these improved valves. In this
particular case, and those in which the valve spindle j passes up through
the stuffing box, it has a hand wheel / screwed on its top end, which can
be made to serve the double purpose of regulating the distance the valve
plug i will fall when the water leaves the float, and so regulates the
amount or stream of water admitted; and also by screwing the wheel
quite down to the gland of the stuffing box j³ completely shut the valve
and provent water getting into the closet when it or the soil pipe get

page_text: choked, and thus prevent the overflowing of water in the basin and
flooding of the apartment where the watercloset is placed. The plug
rod & has a large wooden handle screwed on its top end above the stuffing
box (shown dotted, in its position behind the lid and glass a¹, e¹, as
when the closet is in use and before being shut down) for lifting the
plug D after the lid is let down. Thus in all cases the lid is turned
down before the handle of the plug or valve is lifted, so that the under
edge of the india-rubber ring a" rests closely all round on the top flat
surface of the brass flange or liner a³ before the surface of the wood lid
touches that of the seat. This round liner or flange on lid a¹ has a
small rib underneath it in order to stiffen it and keep it from twisting, so
that when the lid falls the india-rubber ring may be certain to bear all
round upon it, and thus be perfectly air-tight. A strip or bar of brass
or iron a³ is screwed on to front of lid in order that it may have some
little weight to keep the india-rubber ring a tight against the brass
ring a². Instead of india-rubber a piece of cloth or other flexible or
elastic substance may be inserted in the cover. The mere use of such
soft or elastic rings on the lids of waterclosets for wholly or partially
preventing the egress of noxious gases through their basins into the
apartments is not new in itself, except as regards the improved manner.
of effecting it in conjunction with the other improvements of the

page_text: or duct fleading into a vertical pipe f¹ jointed therein, and led up to and
through the roof of the house, or into the chimney or other ventilating
shaft suitable or formed for the purpose. Thus in a closet so fitted with
close covers K and a¹, the conducting ducts e³, f,f, conduct all noxious
gases from the water and these parts of the closet, and thus keeps the
chamber or house around the closet quite free from offensive smell. The
plug D is formed, as shown, shorter than in the former cases, with three
or more small round snugs or segments C" cast on its upper edge for the
purpose of guiding it even on to its seat, as also shown in some of the
other modifications. The overflow trap and pipe are formed by a divided
chamber at bottom of plug having a long bent or syphon pipe F, E, with
the short open end E fixed in one chamber of the trap, and the long one
projecting down into the other and deeper division, the lifting rod d
being attached to a lug D' on top. The india-rubber ring D" on lower
end D' of plug is shrunk into a square groove turned upon it so as to
give a good broad upper pressing surface, while the outer one is tapered
into a hollow curve, which rests on the inner and upper surface of a
round bearing ring or seat of brass B", with flange turned on it for
securing it between the two flanges B, bolted together at the throat B¹
leading to the soil pipe B³. The lifting handle d' is placed at back of
lid a', as in the last modification, Figures 41 and 43, and is seen through
the glass e¹ when the lid is up; and the under side of the lid a¹ has an
annular pocket g₁ formed all round the glass of two thicknesses of wire
gauze over cach other, or other porous equivalent, filled with small
charcoal, which will have the effect of absorbing any noxious gases left,
which may not have been conducted away through the ducts and
pipe eff, leading freely from the basin A and plug chamber B to any
convenient ventilating shaft or conductor.
The basins in these forms of closets are by preference placed with
their backs nearly vertical or at right angles to the seat near where the
water cuters, which allows a direct run to the closet throat B' while
being flushed and also keeps the basin very clean.
Figure 46 is a vertical section of a plain hollow plug D with an annular
open web D² near the bottom, with a central boss or eye to which the
lower end of lifting rod d is fixed. One or more layers of wire gauze g or
other equivalent is placed over the open web, over which the plug is then
partially filled with charcoal g³, which will allow the water when it
overflows to run freely away, but will prevent the noxious gases from

page_text: •
getting up. The charcoal can be easily removed or taken out and
cleaned when required.
Referring further to our improved india-rubber ring bearing surfaces
as applied to the inlet and float valves of water closets or other fluid
pressure valves (as well as to the discharge plug valves of waterclosets),
Figures 47 and 48 are a vertical section and an elevation respectively,
and Figure 49 a plan of a "double-beat" valve of the disc and equilibrium
class, having an india-rubber ring D₁ of circular form in cross section
for three-fourths of its circumference, with one rectangular corner
shrunk into a deep semicircular groove on each disc i, i, having that
edge of the groove which enters the seating 7 of the case reduced, so
that the round part of the india-rubber ring D" acts on a corresponding
segmental bearing face h, h, of the case H³, the larger collars of the
discs i and rectangular corner of the india-rubber rings D" sustaining
the pressure and action. The spindle of the valve i between the discs
or valve lids i is made hollow so as to communicate with and equalize
the pressures in the outlet chambers " and close top cylindrical
space h, acting on both extreme ends or outer faces of the valve, or
it may be a piston in the close chamber h¹, while both the inner faces
of the valve when close are acted upon by the pressure of the fluid
within the entering branch and central chamber **. The lower
spindle I is fixed or formed on the bow or cross bar of the hollow
spindle of the valve i, and passed or worked down through a stuffing
box on cover ³ screwed on the lower chamber h¹¹ of the valve chest H',
the lower end of the spindle I" being screwed into screw bush soldered to
ball float I to the desired regulated distance and then fixed by a jam
nut at I². Holes are shown cut through the sides and ends of the
hollow piston i¹, working in the upper close cylinder to insure an
equalization of pressure and free action of the fluid and action of the
valve; and a solid spindle j also is attached or formed on the upper end
of piston of the valve, and works out through the end of the close
cylinder h¹ or it might be a stuffing box on it; the upper end having a
loose screw wheel or nut on its upper end for regulating the fall or
action of the valve, or shutting it altogether when desired by screwing
the wheel down to the upper end of the cylinder h¹.
Figures 50 and 51 are respectively a vertical section and plan of
another modification of the double beat valve of the equalibrium class
of a compact crown shape, in which the valve i is of a hollow approxi-

page_text: mately cylindrical form, with an upper and lower conical turned bearing
or acting surface i, i, on the metal itself, acting on two india-rubber
rings D", circular in cross section, compressed into corresponding grooves
formed in the seat of the upper and lower chambers h¹ and h", the
inlet branch leading into an annular central chamber * formed by
hollow convex grooves turned both out of the valve i and body h³ of the
valve box H¹. Cross arms are formed at each open end of the valve i
to the lower of which the main acting spindle I" is attached with india-
rubber washer to prevent knocking and injury in falling, and at the
upper arms a short guiding spindle is shown dotted in at j to work in
recess, turned in a boss above the close chamber h¹ when desired. The
close chamber is here shown without a piston i¹.
Figure 52 is a vertical section of the plug part of the valve of the
tapered plug form (shown and described in reference to Figures 11, 15,
17, 18, and 41, but shown without the regulating spindle j, referred to in
reference to Figures 41 and 47), having a broad india-rubber bearing
ring Du sprung into groove, so as to cross the whole central opening **,
and faces h, h, instead of the two narrow bands D" described and shown
in reference to Figures 17 and 18.
Figures 53 and 54 are respectively a plan and a vertical section of
another plug or key, and its working scating of a valve of the conical
form, showing a mode of forming the valve in two parts 2, 3, and
screwing them together and forming the groove for the elastic rings Du
at the joint or parting, so as to slip the bearing rings on, and then
screw the two parts together, which arrangement will be most suitable
for the use of particular sections of rings of india-rubber, or these or
other substances, such as leather or other soft or suitable material, which
had not enough of elasticity to be expanded or shrunk over the grooves
without this means of inserting the rings, and thus enable leather,
ebonite, or other suitable substances to be used for the bearings of valves
along with brass and other metals.
Referring to the several Figures on Sheet 4 of the Drawings, Figure 55
is a longitudinal or transverse vertical section taken on the line 1---1 in
Figure 56, which is a corresponding plan, and Figure 57 is a vertical
section taken on the irregular line 2---2 in Figure 55, all of a water-
closet complete to a large scale without the seat and wood fittings,
having no direct communication through it at any time from the soil
pipe for the ascension of noxious gases in the chamber (whether fitted

page_text: with the close lids a¹ herein-before described or not), and all illustrative
of another modification or arrangement of our said Invention or
improvements.
Figure 58 is a vertical section of a slightly different arrangement of
the same improved closet shown in Figures 55, 56, and 57, to a small
scale with seat, but having the valve float I and its water chamber J
placed in the same vertical plane as the basin A and plug chamber B,
indicated by the line 1---1 in Figure 56, instead of being in the corner
space behind those two as seen in the latter Figure. In this arrange-
ment the plug valve D is shown in the reverse or upper position, and is
hung and partially counterbalanced by a lever and weight x, y, ful-
crummed on a stud x¹ fixed inside of valve water chamber ♫ and
attached to the plug by a link ¹¹ and stud ³, but it might also be
attached by the pin ³ direct so as to lower and work in a slot in the
short arm of the lever x.
While in Figures 55, 56, and 57 the plug D, D', is shown down and
close on its seating, and showing the closet closed in both positions (to
or from the soil or drain pipe B³, X,) by the last flushing water, which
is retained there each time until next used.
The improvements in this closet shown on Shect 4 consist sub-
stantially all as follows (in addition to those which have been herein-before
described in reference to the several modifications and Figures on the
first three Sheets of the Drawings, and which will be seen and understood
from the same reference letters and also from the largeness of the scale)
viz. In forming an intermediate chamber ○ close to the discharge
throat B and valve D of the basin or pan A, A*, converging to a
discharge throat O', where it enters the discharge pipe B³, X, controlled
and closed by a valve P opening downwards, connected directly by a
rod or otherwise to the discharge valve D, D', above, all so that when
it is pulled up to open the discharge throat or passage B¹ the lower
valve P closes the throat O' of the intermediate chamber O of the
discharge pipe B³, X, and allows the water from the pan A to be flushed
and discharged into the intermediate chamber ○ (as shown in Figure 58),
and when both valves D, D', and P are lowered the throat B' of the pan
or basin A, A*, is closed, and that O' of the intermediate chamber O is
opened, which allows the contents of the chamber O to finally flow into the
discharge pipe B³, X, through the lower plug or valve box P¹, thus
preventing the possibility of any effluvia or gases passing up the

page_text: lischarge pipe Bs, X, into the closet or apartment in which it is placed
hrough the use of this new or improved intermediate trap valve arrange-
ment, and the use of the smallest possible quantity of water, regulated
or measured by the float, within the compact size and construction
of the water spaces or ducts and chambers, especially the intermediate
one O of this modification of waterclosets.
In construction and arrangement the upper parts of this closet,
consisting of the faucet A", and duct A* for holding the porcelain
basin A, the plug chamber B, and float valve chamber J, are all set
vertically and placed substantially as shown in Figures 42 and 45, and
cast in one with the new intermediate chamber O, formed close up to
the throat B', and round the conducting or discharge branch A* and
socket A" of the basin, which chamber O leads immediately into a second
throat O' of its own, formed immediately below the first B¹ by flanges Ou
bolted to like flanges on upper part of the chamber P¹ of the lower plug
valves P, D, which closes in its upward motion by its bearing india-
rubber ring D", of an inverted pear shape in cross section, sunk in its
upper outer rim, upon the under inner conical surface of the brass
washer or scating P", bolted between the said two flanges 011, forming
the throat joint of the chambers O and P¹; but this scating P" when
preferred might be made of india-rubber, as D³ in Figures 5 and 6, and
when so made the bearing part D" of the valve P would be made of
brass or other metal. The valve chamber P' is made as short and
compact as possible convenient to allow of a proper passage as P³, pre-
ferably of the downward angled shape in one direction, and of the smooth
elliptical shape in the other, as seen in the sections, Figures 25 and 27
respectively, and leading direct into and bolted by the flanges P to the
discharge duct B³ of the soil pipe X, secured to the floor or scating by
broad flanges b, as shown in the other closets. However the lower valve
chest P¹ could be cast in one with the discharge branch and its securing
flange and strengthening feathers B³, b, when preferred.
The plug valve D is substantially the same as described in reference
to Figures 9 and 15 on Sheet 1, with its lifting handle d' and rod d
secured by a screw on its lower end and a nut above and below the
plate lid at D³, securely jointed on top end of plug D by two bolts,
one of which being in an outer snug c, which works in a groove or
recess c¹ in the upper part of the chamber B for guiding and preventing
it and the lower valve P from turning round with the rounded edge

page_text: segmental guiding projections c" on cover D at the other sides to steady
both valve plugs to their seats. The overflow trapping pocket E, F,
with its entering duct F down through the one side of the cover D³,
and ascending duct E on other side of division plate E' is all cast
within the top of plug D, with opening F' for letting off a portion of
the water in trap to freshen it each time the plug is lifted, the over-
flow E regulating the level 7 of the water. The plug valve part D¹
with its outer bearing ring or liner D" formed of brass, cast or otherwise
secured on its outer conical bearing surface, rests on the projecting inner
and corresponding surface of the india-rubber seating D³, in this case
inserted from the upper side tightly into a recess formed for it in the
throat B' and kept from rising by a tapered socket or ferrule c² driven
hard down on it, or held by one or more lateral screw pins through
side of chamber B'. The lower valve P is firmly secured and carried
by the rod Q through the square stem Q and screw nut at top Q¹ to
an eye or socket Q2 formed in the one side of the open end of the valve
port D¹ of the plug pipe D with a screw nut above; the lower end Qu
of the stem Q being broadened out and sunk into the upper surface
of the valve P, to which it is riveted or screwed, and all smoothed or
bevelled down from the stem to the bearing ring D" as seen in
Figure 58.
The supply valve H' may be of the improved equilibrium description
shown in Figures 17, 18, or 47 to 54, worked by the valve spindle 1"
attached to the float I direct, a slightly different and compact modi-
fication of which is shown in sectional elevation and plan in Figures 59
and 60 respectively, in which instead of making the tapered key or
plug of the valve hollow it is made solid and has an annular groove
formed in it, as the surrounding chamber z*, and the upper and lower
chambers and " are joined by the parts to the outer branch **,
dispensing with the upper guiding cylinder, piston, and parts at h¹, i,
and shortening the whole by screwing the covers 2 with stuffing box
on lower chamber as close up to valve as the motion of the key i
will allow. The float I is fixed by screw spindle and soldered ferrule
and jam nut and india-rubber or other washer at I² as shown and
described in reference to Figures 41 to 54, Sheet 3.
It is to be understood that any other construction of supply valve and
its actuating float or lever heretofore in use for waterclosets as well as
any one of these improved valves H³, whether worked direct by a float

page_text: or through a lever, as herein described and shown in reference to
Figures 17, 18, and 41 to 54, may be used for this or any one of the
improved arrangements of waterclosets herein described and shown
in the other general arrangements thereof. In this arrangement the
short end of the lever x is not directly attached to plug D, but slips
into and out of notch Y (formed in the side of plug for its reception
and action) a short distance and time before the plugs D, D", are down,
so as to let the weight rest on its seating, as shown in this position in
Figures 55 and 57, and in the rising action slips in and raises the
plugs D, P, against their own weight, and presses up the lower valve
face P, D", hard and close on its seating O¹, all quickly by the weight
and lever, which assume the positon shown in Figure 58, so that the
contents of the closet A will be flushed first into the chamber ○ when
the plugs D, P, are up, and into and through the lower valve
chamber and soil pipe B³, all as described, maintaining the upper closet
A and parts above the valve D¹, D", always shut from the lower soil
pipe B except at the moment of raising the plugs D and P, when there
is always a slight flow of water through both valves and throats B³, O¹,
so that whether up or down the gases cannot ascend through the valves
and closet, as there is always a quantity of water in the upper part A*
above the upper throat, as seen in the down and upper two positions
of the plugs shown in Figures 57 and 58 respectively, with the water
up to the normal level Z' in each case, which it reaches in a second
or so after the change. The new or improved second or intermediate
chamber O between the upper and lower plug valves D and P has a
small air conducting tube o jointed to it at top, leading and jointed to
the lower valve box P¹ for the purpose of allowing the air in the
chamber O to get away when the plug P is lifted and closed, and also
for letting air enter in when the plug is lowered and opened as indicated
by the black and red arrows respectively, so that the water may flow
freely in and out of the chamber O.
Although in these modifications of waterclosets, shown on Sheet 4,
the valve plugs D and P have been shown as rigidly attached and moved
together, it is to be. understood that the lower valve P may be so con-
5 nected looscly to the upper valve D or to a separate rod or lever as to bo
moved and closed, or nearly so, before opening the upper one, and vice
versa, to nearly close the upper one D before opening the under one P,
all so as to effect the same purpose in a like manner and be equivalent to
the improvement shown in Figures 55 to 58. Although in each of the

page_text: :
general arrangements of waterclosets which we have shown and
described, to illustrate special modifications or adaptations of our said
Invention or improvements as we would carry them into effect or
practice, we have only shown particular. or individual modifications of
our improved constructions of hollow trapping overflow water plugs, it
is to be understood that any other one of these, or those shown detached,
may be fitted to the other closets shown, or to ordinary constructions of
waterclosets heretofore in use, as also any one of the improved construc-
tions of supply valves with india-rubber ring bearing or seating surfaces
shown and described, or any mere modification thereof.
Having thus particularly described our said Invention, and the manner
in which the same is or may be used or carried into effect, we may
observe in conclusion that we do not confine or restrict ourselves to the
precise details, modifications, or arrangements which we have had occa-
sion to describe, delineate, or refer to, as many variations of and from:
these may be made without departing from the main or essential features
of our said Invention; neither do we claim to have invented the forms
and constructions of many of the parts of waterclosets or their modes of
attachment (which we have had occasion to name and refer to) by
themselves specially, as some of these have been used heretofore, except
in so far as these have essential reference to or form part of our said
improvements or Invention; but what we consider novel and original,
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to us by the herein-before
in nant waited Letters Patent in

page_text: improved manner and for the purposes herein described and shown in
the accompanying Drawings.
Fourth. The construction of close or hollow open discharge plug
valves for waterclosets, with their acting or closing surfaces or seatings
formed with india-rubber rings, substantially in the new or improved
manner and for the purposes herein described and shown in the accom-
panying Drawings.
Fifth. The construction and arrangement of the parts of supply water
valves for waterclosets, suitable also for other valves and purposes, having
their acting surfaces or seatings formed with india-rubber rings, all
substantially in the new or improved manner and for the purposes
herein described and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Sixth. The construction of waterclosets fitted with close jointing
covers and lids, with stuffing boxes for the actuating spindles to work
out through, either placed behind or to one side of the lids and with
glass and charcoal pockets in or on these, and ventilated, all substan-
tially in the new or improved manner and for the purposes herein
described and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Seventh. The construction of waterclosets with duplex discharge plug
valves and an intermediate discharging chamber between them, worked
simultaneously or intermittently, all substantially in the new or improved
manner and for the purposes herein described and shown in the accom-
panying Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said Basil Ronald and John Farmer,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Tenth day of July,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
www.
) Witness,
W. R. M. THOMSON,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
BASIL RONALD. (L.S.)
JOHN FARMER. (L.S.)