Improvements in or relating to Tipping Closets.
Year: 1895

page_text: This Print is in accordance with the Original Specification as it stands after
Amendment (under Section 18 of the Patents, &c. Act, 1883), as allowed by
the decision of the Comptroller General of the 17th day of October 1896.
Date of Application, 14th Dec., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 28th Mar., 1896-Accepted, 9th May, 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Tipping Closets.
1, JOHN FORSTER of Cowley Hill, St. Helens in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to waterclosets more especially to the kind known as
automatic tipping closets in which a tipping basin is mounted in, or in connection
with the drain leading to the pan or casing, and arranged so that it tips or over-
balances automatically when filled and rights itself again when it has emptied and
cleaned itself. My object is to improve these tipping closets whether waste water
be used for the purposes of flushing or not.
In carrying the invention into effect I extend the trunnions of the tipping basin
BO that one or both project outside the casing, the outside portions of the said
trunnions being preferably made square. I form a small groove round the bearing
surface of the extended trunnion or trunnions in the casing, so that a little packing
of rubber, spun yarn, or the like, may be introduced to keep it watertight. The
same may be used in the cap or top half of the casing. I also form on one or both
sides of the upper casing holes to admit a pipe for conveying fresh water from the
cistern or tank for flushing purposes. On the square portion of the trunnion
I mount a double ended lever or its equivalent, the ends of which project outwards
and engage a double ended handle of any ordinary plug tap fixed opposite the trunnion
on the service pipe of the water cistern.
The tipping basin is supplied with water to any given extent, and as the closet is
used and the tipping basin becomes filled and weighted it will overbalance and in
doing so operate the donble ended lever coupled to the tap and so open the tap on
the service pipe and allow a supply of water to run into the cistern, while the
tipping basin is emptying itself, and when the tipping basin rights itself to the
horizontal position the tap will be closed again.
The ends of this same lever (or another lever on the same trunnion or one fixed
on the trunnion on the opposite side) are coupled by any suitable connection such
as wire or rods to a double ended handle fixed on a plug tap in the flushing pipe
from the cistern so that the upsetting and righting of the tipping basin will open
and close it. The flushing tap is arranged to shut when the service tap is open,
and open when the service tap is shut, so that the water supply is retained in the
cistern only until the tipping basin is in a horizontal position and the flushing tap
being open the water passing down the pipe and through the hole formed in the
cap or top portion of the casing, falls into the tipping basin until the cistern is
emptied. In this way I am able to improve automatic tipping closets and the
.

page_text: flushing thereof whether for waste water or not by having a supply of clean water
running automatically and promptly into the tipping basin which when used
Bufficiently or waste water added or both combined will overbalance it and when
emptied and righted will be refilled automatically. Moreover as the pipes are all
underground and the cistern may be fixed either under the seat or underground,
the mechanism cannot be seen or interfered with, or get out of order, besides being
free from accidents by frost because cistern is empty and pipes underground, and,
moreover, as the water is only supplied when the tipping basin overbalances, there
is no waste of water.
In another arrangement, an ordinary cistern with two compartments may be used
with the usual ball tap and plug arrangement for regulating the amount of water
to be used for flushing the tipping basin. When the ball tap cistern is used, one
end of the double ended lever on trunnion is attached by a wire to the end of the
lever on the cistern plug, so that when the tipping basin overbalances, it will raise
the plug and allow the water to flow into the empty compartment of the cistern,
and, on the tipping basin righting itself, will put the plug on its seat again, and
the ball tap being open, that portion of the cistern will be refilled. By the same
or other lever on same trunnion, or on the other side as preferred, the tap on
flushing pipe will be closed as the plug in cistern is opened, and opened when the
plug is on its seat, to allow the water to flow through the pipe into the tipping
basin through the hole in the cap or upper part of the casing.
Among the advantages claimed by me for my apparatus may be mentioned the
following
The apparatus can be produced and sold at a very reasonable cost, the working
parts of the apparatus cannot be interfered with, it is cleaner than other closets in
which slop water is used exclusively for flushing, it cannot be injured by frost and
any required quantity of water can be used without involving waste.
I have described the above ways in which my invention may be carried into
effect, but it must be distinctly understood that I do not confine myself to the exact
arrangements described as having once given the general idea of my improved
tipping closets and method of flushing, certain alterations may be made in the
details or construction of parts without departing from the principle of my
invention.
Dated thin 12th dow of December 1905
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, Patent Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in or relating to Tipping Closets.
1, JOHN FORSTER of Cowley Hill, St. Helens, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This invention relates to water closets more especially to the kind known as
waste water closets or automatic tipping closets in which a tipping basin is mounted
'in, or in connection with, the drain leading to the pan or casing, and arranged so
that it tips or overbalances automatically when filled and rights itself again when
it has emptied and cleaned itself. My object is to improve these tipping closets
whether waste water be used for the purpose of flushing or not.
The invention will be understood from the following description, reference being
had to the accompanying drawings which show various arrangements for auto-
matically charging and flushing the closet with clean water every time the tipping
basin overbalances:

page_text: Figures 1 and 2 being a side elevation and front elevation respectively of a
Day's patent automatic waste water closet having a tipping basin arranged directly
under the seat into which the excremental matter falls direct before passing to the
drain, and having a water tank for flushing purposes arranged under the seat;
Figures 3 and 4 a front elevation and side elevation respectively of the same
closet, but in this case fitted with a ball tap tank or siphon tank under the seat for
flushing purposes;
Figure 5 is a side elevation showing a Duckett's patent waste water closet in
which the tipping basin is arranged in close proximity to the closet pan and is
located in such a position that it is accessible at any moment by simply raising the
dish stone N ;
Figure 6 shows a Day's patent waste water tipping closet, in which the automatic
flushing pipe enters the top of the closet pillar, cleansing the soiled surface thereof
every time the tipping basin overbalances.
Referring to these figures, A is the tipping basin trunnioned at a, these
trunnions being extended so that one or both project outside the casing B,
this casing being preferably made in two parts B B₁. The outside portions of the
said trunnions are preferably made square. C is the waste water pipe, D and E
the head of the closet formed of two different sized cylindrical sections, the upper
one of which has a lip d to prevent any dripping going down the sides of the lower
one. In casing B for the trunnion a, form a small groove a', so that a little
packing of rubber, spun yarn, or the like may be introduced into this groove to
keep the bearing watertight. The same may be used in the top half B¹ of the
casing. I also form on one or both sides of the upper casing B₁ holes to adunit
a pipe for conveying fresh water from the cistern or tank G for flushing
purposes.
On the square portion of the trunnion a, I mount a double-ended lever H or its
equivalent, the ends of which project outwards and engage the double-ended
handle of a tap G₁ fixed on the service pipe g of the water cistern G. The
tipping basin A is supplied with water to any given extent, and as the closet is
used and the tipping basin A becomes filled and weighted, it will overbalance and
in doing so operate the double ended lever H coupled to the tap G₁ and so open the
tap on the service pipe g and allow a supply of water to run into the cistern G,
while the tipping basin A is emptying itself. When it has righted itself to the
horizontal position, the tap G will be closed again. The ends of this same
lever H, or another lever on the same trunnion, or one fixed on the trunnion on the
opposite side, are coupled by any suitable connection such as wire or rods I to a
double ended handle J fixed on a tap K in the flushing pipe F from the cistern G,
so that the upsetting and righting of the tipping basin A will open and close it.
The flushing tap K is arranged to shut when the service tap G³ is open, and open
when the service tap is shut, so that the water supply is retained in the cistern G
only until the tipping basin is in the horizontal position, and the flushing
tap K being opened, the water passing down the pipe F through the cap
or top portion B₁ of the casing falls in the tipping basin A until the cistern is
emptied.
In this way I am able to improve automatic tipping closets, and the flushing
thereof whether for waste water or not by having a supply of clean water running
automatically and promptly into the tipping basin A, which, when used sufficiently,
or waste water added through the drain pipe C, or both combined, will overbalance
it, and when emptied and righted, will be refilled automatically.
Moreover as the pipes are all underground and the cistern G may be fixed either
under the seat L or underground, the mechanism cannot be seen or interfered
with or get out of order, besides being free from accidents by frost because cistern
is empty and pipes underground, and, moreover, as water is only supplied when the
tipping basin overbalances, there is no waste of water.
In the arrangement shown in Figures 3 and 4, a cistern G with two compartments
may be used, with a ball tap cistern or syphon arrangement for regulating the amount'

page_text: of water to be used for flushing the tipping basin A. When the ball tap cistern G
is used one end of the double ended lever H on the trunnion a is attached by a
wire I to the end of the lever I on the cistern plug, so that when the tipping
basin A overbalances, it will raise the plug and allow the water to flow into the
empty compartment of the cistern, and on the tipping basin righting itself, will
put the plug on its seat again, and the ball tap being opened that portion of the
cistern will be refilled. By the same or another lever on the same trunnion or ou
the other side, as preferred, the tap on the flushing pipe F will be closed as the
plug in the cistern is open, and open when the plug is on its seat to allow the
water to flow through the pipe into the tipping basin A.
The arrangement depicted in Figure 5 is almost exactly similar to the arrange-
ment described with reference to Figures 1 and 2, with this exception, that in the
case of Figure 5, the tipping basin A is not placed in close proximity to the closet
pan, but removed therefrom and in such a position as to be accessible at any
moment by simply raising the dish stone N. In this case one of the trunnions a is
extended and the double-ended lever H fixed thereon engages the double-ended
handle of a tap G¹ on the service pipe g so that every time the tipping basin A
overbalances it opens the service tap G₁ and supplies the tank G with water. The
size of the service tap G¹ and the position of the handle regulates the supply.
The service tap closes when the basin A rights itself. The lever H on the
trunnion a is also connected to a tap K on the flush pipe F which opens as the
supply tap G closes and allows water to run into the basin A promptly and so
keeps it clean, while the tank and pipes are empty until the next tipping of the
basin.
In Figure 6 the tipping basin is arranged directly underneath the seat as in
Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4, but in this arrangement the flushing pipe enters the top of
the pillar D and is spread against the soiled surface and finally drops into the
tipping basin. The lever on the extended trunnion a, is coupled directly to the
valve lever of a ball tap cistern or siphon tank, so that every time the tipping
basin overbalances, the lever is pulled and flushing water admitted. As the closet
is used and the tipping basin weighted or waste water drains into the tipping basin
through the pipe C, the tipping basin again overbalances and repeats the operation
and so cleans the pillar D E from top to bottom, keeping the basin supplied with
clean water and the drain M thoroughly flushed. By this arrangement an efficient
sanitary closet for outdoor purposes is attained without the risk of breaking the
pull or unnecessary use of fresh water.
Among the advantages claimed by me for my apparatus may be mentioned the
following:-
The apparatus can be produced and sold at a very reasonable cost; the working
parts of the apparatus cannot be interfered with; it is cleaner than other closets
in which waste water is used exclusively for flushing; it cannot be injured by frost,
and any required quantity of fresh water can be used without involving waste.
I have described the above ways in which my invention may be carried into
effect, but it must be distinctly understood that I do not confine myself to the
exact arrangements described as having once given the general idea of my improved
tipping closets and method of flushing, certain alterations may be made in the
details or construction of parts without departing from the principle of my
invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In closet apparatus provided with an automatic or self-tipping basin into
which either excremental matter or waste water or both are deposited and
discharged from time to time through the trap at the bottom of the container,
the use and arrangement in combination therewith of means whereby a supply of
clean water is run automatically into the tipper, which latter when used sufficiently

page_text: or waste water deposited therein through the drain pipe will overbalance and
discharge its contents, but when emptied and righted, will be charged with clean
water immediately, while such means provide that clean water is only supplied each
time the tipper overbalances so that there shall be no waste of water, substantially
as.described.
2. A waste water or automatic tipping closet, in which the deposition of excre-
mental matter in the tipper, or the running of waste water thereinto, overbalances
the said tipper to discharge its contents, at the same time causing a given supply
or flush of clean water to run automatically either into the tipping basin when the
said basin rights itself, or direct into the trap which leads to the drain substantially
as described.
3. Mechanism for and when applied to automatic tipping basin closets,.
substantially as and for the purposes therein described, whereby every time the
tipping basin overbalances to discharge its contents, it opens the service tap and
supplies the tank with water, but immediately the basin rights itself after emptying,.
a tap on the flush pipe opens and allows the water from the tank to run into the
basin, the tank and pipes remaining empty until the next filling.
4. In automatic tipping basin closets, the use and arrangement in combination
therewith of mechanisms substantially as described with reference to Figures 1
and 2, Figures 3 and 4, Figure 5 and Figure 6 respectively, whereby the closet is.
flushed automatically with clean water every time the tipping basin overbalances.
Dated this 97th dox of March 1806
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of Liverpool, Manchester, Birmingham, and London, Patent Agents.