Improvements in or connected with Cylindrical Casks, Drums, or the like.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Jan., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 8th Oct., 1894-Accepted, 10th Nov., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Cylindrical Casks, Drums, or
the like.
I, RICHARD EMIL MAGNUS LAGERWALL, of No. 157, Southwark Bridge
Road, in the Parish of Saint George the Martyr, Southwark, in the County of
London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
:-
This invention relates to improvements in or connected with cylindrical casks,
drums or the like, and is applicable more especially to that class of casks or drums
which are intended to contain dry materials, and are therefore not required to be
liquid tight, and the objects of the present invention are to enable the staves to be
formed of comparatively thin material, without lessening the general strength of
the structure; to retain the staves to the requisite curve or arc of the circumference
of the barrel and also to provide a means of more effectually hooping the cask or
drum than heretofore.
In carrying this invention into effect, each of the staves which is formed of thin
and inexpensive material, has fixed transversely thereof near each end and on its
outer side or face a stout batten which longitudinally is curved to the radius of the
cask and is securely held in position by nails, screws, or other suitable means,
whilst a third batten is similarly fixed at the centre of the length of each stave so
that when a cask is formed by a number of assembled staves the collective battens
in each position will form a complete ring around the cask or drum.
Each batten is on its outer surface bevelled, inclined or chamfered so that each
ring of battens is adapted to receive and form a solid bed or bulge for a hoop
thereby enabling the hoops to be driven on, and thus to tighten up and hold
together the staves after the manner of an ordinary cask.
In order to provide a suitable bearing for the heads of the cask or drum, each
stave is provided upon its inner side or face and near each end with a strong batten
shaped to the curve of the stave in a similar manner to that hereinbefore described,
so that the collective internal battens at each end will form a substantial seat for
one of the heads of the cask or drum.
It will be understood, that the invention is not confined to the employment of
three rings of exterior battens, as it will be evident that, for some purposes and
where increased strength is required, it may be desirable to employ four or more of
such rings.
In some cases, it may be unnecessary to bevel or chamfer the battens and in lieu
of tying the staves together by means of hoops driven thereon, the staves may be
bound together by means of wire or other binding passing around the battens.
By means of this invention it is possible to construct a cask of exceedingly thin
material and consequently at a small cost and yet of great strength inasmuch as the
staves are by means of the battens held in the desired arc or radius to which the
battens have been shaped and consequently in the form best to resist pressure,
whilst, at the same time, the staves at intervals are re-inforced by the circle of
battens the whole constituting a structure of much greater strength than heretofore,
and the cost of which is not increased, but if anything reduced.
Dated this 8th day of January 1894.
VAUGHAN & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Cylindrical Casks, Drums, or
the like.
I, RICHARD EMIL MAGNUS LAGERWALL, of No. 157, Southwark Bridge
Road, in the Parish of Saint George the Martyr, Southwark, in the County of
London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in or connected with cylindrical casks,
drums or the like, and is applicable more especially to that class of casks or drums
which are intended to contain dry materials, and are therefore not required to be
liquid tight, and the objects of the present invention are to enable the staves to be
formed of comparatively thin material, without lessening the general strength of
the structure; to retain the staves to the requisite curve or arc of the circumference
of the barrel and also to provide a means of more effectually hooping the cask or
drum than heretofore.
In carrying this invention into effect, each of the staves which is formed of thin
and inexpensive material, has fixed transversely thereof near each end and on its
outer side or face a stout batten which longitudinally is curved to the radius of the
cask and is securely held in position by nails, screws or other suitable means, whilst
a third batten is similarly fixed at the centre of the length of each stave so that
when a cask is formed by a number of assembled staves the collective battens in
each position will form a complete ring around the cask or drum.
Each batten is on its outer surface bevelled, inclined or chamfered so that each
ring of battens is adapted to receive and form a solid bed or bulge for a hoop
thereby enabling the boops to be driven on, and thus to tighten up and hold
together the staves after the manner of an ordinary cask.
In order to provide a suitable bearing for the heads of the cask or drum each
stave is provided upon its inner side or face and near each end with a batten shaped
to the curve of the stave in a similar manner to that hereinbefore described so that
the collective internal battens at each end will form a substantial seat for one of
the heads of the cask or drum.
It will be understood, that the invention is not confined to the employment of
three rings of exterior battens, as it will be evident that for some purposes and
where increased strength is required it may be desirable to employ four or more of
such rings.
In some cases, it may be unnecessary to bevel or chamfer the battens and in lieu
of tying the staves together by means of hoops driven thereon, the staves may be
bound together by means of wire or other binding passing around the battens.
And, in order that the said invention may be more clearly understood and readily
carried to effect, I will proceed, aided by the accompanying drawings, more fully
to describe the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1. is an elevation partly in section representing a cylindrical cask or drum
having the present invention applied thereto.
Figure 2. is a plan thereof partly in section.
Figure 3. is an elevation of one of the staves separately.
Figure 4. is a plan thereof.
Figure 5. is an edge view thereof.
Figure 6. is an elevation of portion of a cask or drum representing a slight
modification.
Figure 7. is a horizontal section thereof taken on the line 1-1 of Figure 6, and,
1

page_text: Figure 8. is a vertical section taken on the line 2-2 of Figure 6.
In the several figures like parts are indicated by similar letters of reference.
Referring to Figures 1 to 5. a. represents a number of staves formed of com-
paratively thin and inexpensive material and constituting the general body of the
cask or drum.
Each of the staves a. has fixed transversely thereof near each end and on its outer
side or face a stout batten a¹ which longitudinally is curved to the radius of the
cask as shown more particularly at Figure 4, and is securely held in position by
nails, screws or other suitable means whilst a third batten a' is similarly fixed at
the centre of the length of each stave a. so that when a cask is formed by a number
of assembled staves a. as represented at Figures 1 and 2, the collective battens a¹ in
each position will form a complete ring around the cask or drum.
Each batten a¹ is on its outer surface bevelled, inclined or chamfered so that each
ring of battens a' is adapted to receive and form a solid bed or bulge for a hoop a³-
which may be secured by nails as shown more particularly at Figures 1 and 2.
thereby enabling the hoops a² to be driven on, and thus to tighten up and hold
together the staves after the manner of an ordinary cask.
In order to provide a suitable bearing for the heads a* of the cask or drum, each
stave a. is provided upon its inner side or face, and near to each end thereof, with a
strong batten a³ shaped to the curve of the stave a. in a similar manner to that
hereinbefore described but a little short of the ends of the staves a. so that the
collective internal battens a³ at each end will form a substantial seat for one of the
heads a* of the cask or drum.
It will be understood that the invention is not confined to the employment of
three rings of exterior battens a' as it will be evident that for some purposes and
where increased strength is required it may be desirable to employ four or more of
such rings.
In the example given at Figures 6 to 8, the battens a' are not bevelled or
chamfered to receive hoops a² as represented in the previous figures, but in lieu of
tying the staves a' together by means of hoops a² driven onto battens a' the staves a.
are bound together by means of wire or it might be another form of binding a
passing around the collective battens a¹.
In this example also, the staves are formed of sufficient thickness to enable their
meeting edges to be grooved so as to receive a tongue a in order to form a covered
and therefore tighter joint as represented more particularly at Figure 7. whilst in
lieu of the end internal battens as being formed short of the ends of the staves a. to
receive the head a* of the cask or drum, in this example the internal battens a³ are
continued to the end of the staves a. and are grooved or crozed to receive the
heads a which are correspondingly shaped as represented more particularly at
Figure 8, or, the internal battens as may be dispensed with and the groove or croze
formed in the interior faces of the staves a.
By means of this invention, it is possible to construct a cask of exceedingly thin
material and consequently at a small cost, and yet of great strength inasmuch as
the staves a. are by means of the battens a¹ held in the desired arc or radius to
which the battens have been shaped and consequently in the form best to resist
pressure whilst at the same time the staves a. at intervals are reinforced by the
circle of battens a' a³ the whole constituting a structure of much greater strength
than heretofore, and the cost is not increased, but, if anything, reduced.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A stave for a cylindrical cask or the like having fixed externally thereof two
or more segmental transverse battens bevelled or chamfered in the direction of the
length of the stave, substantially as herein shown and described and for the
purpose stated.
2. In a cylindrical cask or the like, the combination of a number of staves each

page_text: having fixed externally and transversely thereof two or more segmental battens
bevelled or chamfered to allow of the hoops being driven thereon, substantially as
herein shown and described and for the purpose stated.
3. In a cylindrical cask or the like, the combination of a number of staves each
having fixed externally and transversely thereof two or more segmental battens and
means for encircling the battens and tying the staves together, substantially as
herein shown and described and for the purpose stated.
Dated this 8th day of October 1894.
VAUGHAN & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.