CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PYROMETERS
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to François Ettienne Hudde, Mechanical Engineer,
and Jean Baptiste Emmanuel Fouquet, Gentleman, of 39, Rue de
l'Echiquier, Paris, and 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, for the Inven-
Scaled the 25th September 1855, and dated the 28th March 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said François Ettienne Hudde
and Jean Baptiste Emmanuel Fouquet at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 28th March 1855.
We, FRANÇOIS ETTIENNE HUDDE, Mechanical Engineer, and JEAN BAPTISTE
EMMANUEL FOUQUET, Gentleman, of 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, and 4, South.
Street, Finsbury, London, do hereby declare the nature of our Invention of
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PYROMETERS " to be as follows,.
that is to say-
Our Invention consists in a new mode of constructing pyrometers, and in
order that our Invention may be clearly understood we refer to the Drawing
annexed.
1. Side view of a cast-iron piece, provided with a grooved iron bar.
2. Front view of the same.
3. Pyrometric apparatus.
4. End view of rack, pinion, lever, and sliding piece.

page_text: A, Figure 1, brass rod communicating its movement to the pyrometric
apparatus; B, cast-iron piece placed over the vault of the oven, so as to touch
it slightly, and supporting a grooved iron bar in which the brass rod slides.
Another similar cast-iron piece is placed at the extremity of the oven, for
receiving the other end of the grooved iron bar and for permanently fixing
the brass rod. To keep the brass rod steady, three cross pieces are set in the
length of the bar to support it. C, Figure 3, sliding piece moved by the brass rod,
provided with a screw and counter nut for to put it in motion. D, Figure 4,
connecting rod, fixed at one end by a screw to the sliding piece and at the
other by a screw to the lever. E, axis supporting the rack and lever. This
lever is grooved like the piece, by which the connecting rod is fixed to the
sliding piece; F, spring acting on the rack; G, lever and groove; H, rack;
J, pinion and axis; K, hand; L, glass and dial; M, Figures 1 and 2, cross
pieces for supporting the rod; N, Figure 1, part of the oven.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said François Ettienne Hudde and Jean Baptiste Emmanuel
Fouquet in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 28th September 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, FRANÇOIS
ETTIENNE, HUDDE, Mechanical Engineer, and JEAN BAPTISTE EMMANUEL
FOUQUET, Gentleman, of 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, and 4, South Street,
Finsbury, London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Francois Ettienne Fudde and Jean Baptiste Emmanuel Fouquet, Her
special license that we, the said Francois Ettienne Hudde and Jean Baptiste
Emmanuel Fouquet, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as we, the said François Ettenne Hudde and Jean Baptiste Emmanuel
Fouquet, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention of "CERTAIN, IMPROVEMENTS IN THE

page_text: CONSTRUCTION OF PYROMETERS," upon, the condition (amongst others) that we,
the said François Ettienne.Hudde and Jean Baptiste Emmanuel Fouquet, by
ansinstrument in writing under our hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent:
"
:
NOW KNOW, YE, that we, the said François. Ettienne Hudde and Jean
Baptiste Emmanuel Fouquet, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained, in and by the following statement thereof, reference
being had to the Drawing hereto annexed, and to the figures and letters
marked thereon, that is to say -
. The Invention consists in a new mode of constructing pyrometers.
Figure 1, side view of a cast-iron bracket B, provided with a grooved
iron bar C; Figure 2, end view of the same; Figure 3, indicating apparatus
in section; Figure 4, plan of rack, pinion, lever, and sliding piece of the
indicating apparatus; Figure 5, dial.
A, Figure 1, brass rod, connecting its movement to the indicating apparatus;
B, cast-iron bracket, placed so as to slightly touch the vault of the oven, and
supporting, a grooved iron bar C, in which the brass rod slides. Another
similar cast-iron piece is placed at the extremity of the furnace for receiving
the other end of the grooved iron bar and for permanently fixing the brass
rod. Three cross pieces are fixed to the bar to hold the brass rod and
keep it steady. M, cross pieces for supporting the rod; N,. part of the oven.
C, Figure 3, sliding piece moved by the brass rod, provided with a screw
and adjusting nut, serving to move the rod and sliding piece. D, Figure 4,
connecting rod, fixed at one end by a screw to the sliding piece C, and at the
other end by a screw to the lever G. E, Figure 3, axis of the rack and
grooved lever G; F, piece spring; H, rack; I, bevelled pinion; K, hand;
L, glass and dial.
Figure 6, a perspective view of a fire brick perforated so as to receive the
pyrometric rod A, composed of copper, iron, steel, or platinum.
Figure 7 represents a perspective view of an iron tube passing over the
bottom of the oven, serving to protect the pyrometric rod from the action of
the fire.
Figure 8, perspective view of a cast-iron support with flanges, serving to
expose the pyrometric rod to the fire.
In bread and other ovens the copper rod communicating motion to the

page_text: apparatus passes throughout the whole length of the arch of the oven, and is
fixed at the end opposite to the apparatus on an iron bar. In order that the
expansion should take place only on the side of the indicating dial, the top
part of the rod is covered over by a piece of cast or sheet iron suitably fixed to
the arch of the oven.
In a temperature equivalent to 2120° or 2920° Fahrenheit, the rod should
be placed in a strong iron tube, either in the arch of the oven or in one of its
sides. In blast furnaces the iron serving to protect the copper or steel rod is
replaced by fire bricks pierced with holes for supporting the rod, the fire
bricks being set in the arch, or in one of the sides of the furnace.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not
confine myself to the precise details of construction, reserving the right of
modifying the same; but what I claim is, the method of constructing pyro-
meters in the manner before described, and represented in the several Figures
of the annexed Drawing.
In witness whereof, we, the said François Ettienne Hudde and Jean
Baptiste Emmanuel Fouquet, have hereunto set our hands and seals,
this Twenty-fifth day of September, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
(L.S.)
HUDDE et FOUQUET. (L.S.)