IMPROVEMENTS IN CANDLE LAMPS
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Clark, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer and Patent 'Agent, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CANDLE LAMPS."-A communication from abroad by
Edmond Armand Louis D'Argy, of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris,
Manufacturer
Sealed the 12th May 1863, and dated the 22nd November 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
.. 22nd November 1862.
I, WILLIAM CLARK,, of 153, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent 'Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CANDLE LAMPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a. new kind of candle lamp. In this lamp the
wax or other candle enclosed in the socket or tube is held at the upper part
of said socket by a capsule, or by claws, and the wick is always level with
the capsule, the lower part of the wax or other candle being pushed up by the
action of a spring enclosed and compressed in the said socket under the wax

page_text: or other candle as in carriage lamps. A glass globe, mounted on another
socket surrounding the first encloses the candle, and prevents the grease or
stearic acid from being spilled, as also the wind from putting out the flame.
The globe is held in position enclosing the flame by the action of a spiral
spring which raises the socket of said globe; it may also be lowered so as to
leave the wick exposed for lighting.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Clark in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
21st May 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer and
Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said William Clark, Her special licence that I, the said William Clark,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
William Clark, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CANDLE
LAMPS," a com" to me from abroad by Edmond Armand Louis D'Argy,
of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, Manufacturer, upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said William Clark, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly. describe and ascertain, the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office: within six. calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters. Patent...
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Clark, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner. the same is to; be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following

page_text: statement, reference. being had to the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
:-
This Invention relates to improvements in candle lamps. In these lamps
I enclose the flame of the candle or other luminary employed within a globe
or chimney of transparent material, mounted on a socket having an up-and-
down movement for the purpose of raising or lowering the globe so as to
enclose or expose the light as desired. This globe may be maintained in
position in a self-acting manner by the action of a spiral spring which raises
the socket to its original position, while it at same time may be readily lowered
for the purpose of uncovering the wick in order to light it. The candle or
taper is enclosed in a socket or tube, being retained therein by a cap fitting
on the upper end, or gripping pieces may be applied in lieu of the cap; in this
manner the wick will always be on a level with the cap, as the lower part
of the candle is pressed upwards by a spring contained within the socket
in the same manner as a coach lamp. This lamp is especially applicable on
board ship, in which case it is carried in gimbals in order that it shall retain
the vertical position whatever may be the motion of the ship, while the spiral
spring for securing the globe in position on the flame is dispensed with, and a
weight applied to the stem of the lamp. In this application the socket carry-
ing the globe is fixed to the gimbals, while the stem of the lamp only is
movable in a vertical direction, so as to enable it to be raised in order to
remove the wick from the interior of the globe. The annexed Drawings
represent several arrangements of this improved candle lamp.
Fig. 1 shows one form of lamp seen partly in elevation, and part in vertical
section; Fig. 2 shows a similar arrangement of lamp on the same principle,
also partly in elevation, and partly in vertical section; Fig. 3 shows, an eleva-
tion of a marine lamp; Fig. 4, vertical section of same; Fig. 5 shows a plan
of the gimbals to be applied to the marine lamp for preserving its vertical posi-
tion whatever may be the movements of its support; Figs. 6 and 7 show a
simple arrangement for connecting the globes to their sockets; while Figs. 8
and 9 show a cylindrical chimney to be substituted in certain cases for the
globe enclosing the flame of the lamp. The same letters of reference indicate
like parts seen in different positions.
a, body of the lamp, supported by a foot 6; c, tube in which the candle dis
placed, and which is pressed constantly upwards by spring e; f, cap, fitting
with a bayonet joint on tube c, and preventing the candle d from escaping;
g, pin for securing tube c; h, socket supporting the globe sliding on the stem
of the lamp, and connected thereto by means of a slot and pin i; j, globe

page_text: enclosing the flame, mounted on socket h by means of two collars or rings k.
The parts being thus arranged, it will be seen that the globe may be applied
so as to enclose the flame, or its position otherwise altered by simply sliding
socket h on the stem of the lamp, while the candle always remains on a level
with the top of the cap against which it is constantly pressed by the spiral
spring. Fig. 2 shows a lamp in which the cap is replaced by gripping pieces f,
while the globe is held constantly in position over the flame by a spiral spring
fitted in the exterior between socket 7 and the stem of the lamp a; this spring
bears the one part on tube m, and the other part on the edge of socket 1, to
which the short socket h is fitted by a bayonet joint. The globe is itself fitted
in socket h by means of two collars n, o, the upper one of which screws on the
socket, and fixes the globe with these collars, which are represented in detail
at Figs. 6 and 7%; the globes are slid up and down with great facility.
Lastly, an aperture p is made in the upper part of the candle tube, which
shows when the candle is almost burnt out. Figs. 3, 4, and 5 show, as I have
before explained, the lamp suitable for marine service. In this case the globe
carrying socket h is mounted by a bayonet joint on a tube q, which is carried
on gimbals r at the extremity of an arm s. The globe is also fixed, and the
candle tube c is made to slide up and down in socket q, in order to raise the
candle out of the globe, at same time the flame of the candle will always
be sheltered by the globe by means of a weight t placed at bottom of the
candle tube, and which has a tendency to draw down the candle. A small
rim or collar u is also applied on the candle tube to prevent its slipping
through socket 9, and when it is desired to raise the candle out of the globe,
the weighted end t is pushed up as shown in Fig. 4.
In Figs. 8 and 9, I have represented tubes or chimnies intended as sub-
stitutes for the globes enclosing the light as above described. The chimney
tube v, Fig. 8, is supported at the lower part by a kind of neck a pierced with
holes for the admission of air, and at the top by means of a shade carrier y
mounted on two small rods z furnished with small springs 1, 1, bearing on
the upper end of the chimney. In Fig. 9 the part x is not perforated to
admit air, which enters at the opening left between the neck and the bottom
of chimney v, which is supported thereat by pins 2, 2.
Having described the nature of this Invention, and the manner of performing
the same, I declare that what I claim as the Invention to be protected by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
The arrangement and construction of the improved lamps herein-before
described, together with the various modifications in the same to render them

page_text: applicable for all purposes, and especially for sea service, all as herein-before
described and represented.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Clark, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twentieth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
Witness,
JAMES DAISH,
53, Chancery Lane,
London.
W. CLARK.
(L.S.)