Improvements in Electricity Meters for Continuous and Alternating Currents.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Electricity Meters for Continuous and Alternating
Currents.
I, ALBERT PELOUX, of 17, Place Cornavin, Geneva, in the Swiss Republic,
Electrical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
1-
This invention relates to an electricity meter of the motor type class in which
a motor system moves a metallic disc or cylinder, the said disc turning between
the poles of permanent or electro magnets takes a speed of rotation in proportion
to the electric energy expended.
Fig. 1 shows by way of example one form of construction of this meter.
This motor is formed of fixed coils C traversed by the current to be measured
and of coils A also fixed and wound with fine wire.
Fig. 2 shows that the coils A1 A2 A3 A4 are fixed and traversed each in its turn
by a shunt current by means of a fixed collector or commutator I and a movable
brush E.
Figures 2, 3, 4 and 5 are diagrams indicating the passage of the current.
The coils A are arranged in such a way that the axis of the first is at right angles
with the axis of the last, the intermediate ones being placed at regular intervals
between the two extreme coils.
These coils A are placed between the coils C in the position shown in Fig. 2,
the ends of these coils are connected together, the one set with a plate of the
collector or commutator I, the other set with a pole of the main current.
The movable brush E, which is connected to the other pole by the contact of
the fixed brush M, sends, by making a quarter turn, the shunt current into each
coil A; Figures 2, 3, 4 and 5 indicate this movement, the coils A which are
shaded are those traversed by the shunt current, the others being inactive.
The movable part consists of an axis H upon which are fixed two pieces of
soft iron 1, shown by way of example in Fig. 6 which are at right angles to cach
other and are placed each in the interior of a system of coils A and in such a
manner as to be in the magnetic axis of the coil A traversed by the shunt cur-
rent; upon the axis H is also fixed a metallic disc F turning between the poles
of fixed magnets K.
Fig. 1 shows that there are two systems of coils A placed one above the other,
having each a piece D in their interior.
The working of this motor is as follows:-
The coil A in Fig. 2 being traversed by the shunt current energizes the
piece 1) which is repulsed by the poles of the coils C, when this piece D has
traversed a sixteenth of a turn, the coil A2 is excited, shown in Fig. 3, when the
coil A is no longer excited, this coil A² energizes then the piece 1) which con-
tinues its rotary motion, and so on for the coils A3 and A+ as shown in Figures 4
and 5, at this moment the coils A of the upper system are no longer excited
during a quarter turn; the system of lower coils continues to act for the second

page_text: quarter turn, then it is again the upper system for the third quarter turn and
the lower system for the fourth quarter turn, the complete revolution thus being
accomplished, the piece D is thus energized by the coils A absolutely as if a
single coil A were solid with the piece D during a quarter revolution.
Figures 7 and 8 show an arrangement of coils C and A as also of the pieces 1)
different from those above described.
Fig. 7 shows that there are four coils A placed below one another and all at
right angles with the coils C, each coil A has a movable piece 1) in the centre,
these pieces 1 being arranged as seen in Fig. 8, at equal angles to each other, each
of the coils A is traversed by the shunt current, when the piece D placed in their
interior, is in their magnetic axis, it is easy to see by examining Fig. 8 that a
continuous rotary movement is. also obtained by this means.
Figures 9 and 10 show a third modification.
In this arrangement the magnetic piece D is placed in the interior of a
coil
of thick wire C traversed by the main current, the current is not interrupted in
this coil, the coils of fine wire A are placed around the coil C and are excited
each in its turn by the collector or commutator I and the brush E so as to produce
a rotating magnetic field, this magnetic field rotating with the same speed as
the piece gives to it a continous rotary motion.
The form of the piece D as shown in Fig. 9 is quite different from that shown
in Fig. 6.
Figures 12, 13 and 14 show still another modification. In this arrangement
the fixed coils A are vertical and fixed around a movable piece D which has a
special form as shown in Fig. 14, each coil A consists of two windings in opposite
directions to each other, the coil A being excited, as seen in Fig. 12, produces
one pole on one side and one pipe at the other extremity these poles are
repulsed by the effect of the poles of the coils C, the piece 1) takes a rotary move-
ment during a half revolution, at the end of which the current passes into the
winding in the reverse direction, which changes the poles (polarity) of the piece D),
the rotary motion is continued for the other half revolution.. As seen in Fig. 13,
so as to overcome the dead centre or point at the moment of the change of pole,
there may be placed several similar systems upon the same axis at different
angles as shown in Fig. 14.
Instead of two winding in contrary directions upon a coil A one winding
only may be used and the direction of the current in the winding may be changed
by means of a collector or commutator or by a current reverser.
Figures 15 and 16 show an arrangement similar to that shown in Figures 12, 13
and 14 except that the coils Care in the same position as the coils A and the
pieces 1) have their armis on the same side.
Figures 17 and 18 show an arrangement for compensating for the friction,
with this object, the coil A is placed eccentrically and inclined with relation to
the piece D from which it follows that the pole of the coil A tends to repulse the
pole of the piece D), it is only necessary in order to regulate this effort to place
the pieces A and D more or less eccentric to each other."
Fig. 11 shows an arrangement to prevent the breaking of the stone or jewel
supporting the lower weight, with this object the pivot R is movable and may
enter the axis H, a spring P tends to press it out of this recess against a flange or
rim and should be sufficiently strong to carry the weight of the moving part, in
case of much pressure being applied the pivot R passes into the recess in the
axis H, which latter comes into contact with the head of the screw T.
This system of motor meter has the advantage that it has not any movable
wire upon the armature which makes an exceedingly strong apparatus, the
movable part only consisting of two pieces of iron, a disc and a movable brush.
The friction may be reduced to a minimum by the fact that the movable brush
bears on the axis itself, which may be reduced to a very small diameter and
be completely smooth upon its entire surface, the other brush bears upon a fixed
collector or commutator.

page_text: This meter may be employed for a three wire system or a five wire system.
The fine wire being fixed it is possible to wind a great number of layers without
augmenting the weight of the immovable part (as is the case with motor meters in
which the movable part possesses an armature wound with fine wire) in conse-
quence of which it is possible to obtain a couple motor or effort motor very power-
ful, ensuring the starting when very small currents are being used and diminish-
ing the consumption of current circulating in the fine wire.
Dated this 5th day of November 1898.
HARRIS & MILLS,
23, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents.
UUMI LEIM DI MULTIVATION.
Improvements in Electricity Meters for Continuous and Alternating
Currents.
I, ALBERT PELOUX, of 17, Place Cornavin, Geneva, in the Swiss Republic,
Electrical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:—
:
This invention relates to an electricity meter of the motor type class in which
a motor system moves a metallic disc or cylinder, the said disc turning between
the poles of permanent or electro-magnets takes a speed of rotation in proportion
to the electric energy expended.
In the drawings accompanying my Provisional Specification Fig. 1 shows by
way of example one form of construction of this meter. This motor is formed of
fixed coils traversed by the current to be measured and of coils A also fixed
and wound with fine wire.
Fig. 2 shows that the coils A1 A2 A3 A4 are fixed and traversed each in its turn
by a shunt current by means of a fixed collector or commutator I and a movable
brush E.
Figures 2, 3, 4 and 5 are diagrams indicating the passage of the current. The
coils A are arranged in such a way that the axis of the first is at right angles with
the axis of the last, the intermediate ones being placed at regular intervals
between the two extreme coils.
These coils A are placed between the coils C in the position shown in Fig. 2,
the ends of these coils are connected, the one set with a plate of the
collector or commutator I, the other set with a pole of the main current.
The movable brush E, which is connected to the other pole by the contact of
the fixed brush M, sends, by making a quarter turn, the shunt current into each
coil A Figures 2, 3, 4 and 5 indicate this movement, the coils A which are
shaded are those traversed by the shunt current, the others being inactive.
The movable part consists of an axis H upon which are fixed two pieces of
soft iron D, shown by way of example in Fig. 6, which are at right angles to each
other and are placed each in the interior of a system of coils A and in such a
manner as to be in the magnetic axis of the coil A traversed by the shunt cur-
ent upon the axis H is also fixed a metallic disc F turning between the poles
of fixed magnets K.
Fig. 1 shows that there are two systems of coils A placed one above the other,
having each a piece D in their interior.
The working of this motor is as follows:-
The coil A in Fig. 2 being traversed by the shunt current energizes the

page_text: piece which is repulsed by the poles of the coils C, when this piece D has
traversed a sixteenth of a turn, the coil A2 is excited, shown in Fig. 3, when the
coil A is no longer excited, this coil A² energizes then the piece D which con-
tinues its rotary motion, and so on for the coils A and A' as shown in Figures 4
and 5, at this moment the coils A of the upper system are no longer excited
during a quarter turn; the system of lower coils continues to act for the second
quarter turn, then it is again the upper system for the third quarter turn and
the lower system for the fourth quarter turn, the complete revolution thus being
accomplished, the piece is thus energized by the coils A absolutely as if a
single coil A were solid with the piece D during a quarter revolution.
Figures 7 and 8 show an arrangement of coils C and A as also of the pieces D
different from those above described.
Fig. 7 shows that there are four coils A placed below one another and all at
right angles with the coils C, each coil A has a movable piece D in the centre,
these pieces D being arranged as seen in Fig. 8, at equal angles to each other, each
of the coils A is traversed by the shunt current, when the piece D placed in their
interior, is in their magnetic axis, it is easy to see by examining Fig. 8 that a
continuous rotary movement is also obtained by this means.
Figures 9 and 10 shows a third modification.
In this arrangement the magnetic piece D is placed in the interior of a coil
of thick wire C traversed by the main current, the current is not interrupted in
this coil, the coils of fine wire A are placed around the coil C and are excited
each in its turn by the collector or commutator I and the brush E so as to produce
a rotating magnetic field, this magnetic field rotating with the same speed as
the piece I gives to it a continous rotary motion.
The form of the piece D as shown in Fig. 9 is quite different from that shown
in Fig. 6.
-
Figures 12, 13 and 14 show still another modification. In this arrangement
the fixed coils A are vertical and fixed around a movable piece I which has a
special form as shown in Fig. 14, each coil A consists of two windings in opposite
directions to each other, the coil A being excited, as seen in Fig. 12, produces
one pole on one side and one pipe at the other extremity, these poles are
repulsed by the effect of the poles of the coils C, the piece I takes a rotary move-
ment during a half revolution, at the end of which the current passes into the
winding in the reverse direction, which changes the poles (polarity) of the piece 1),
the rotary motion is continued for the other half revolution, as seen in Fig. 13;
in order to overcome the dead centre or point at the moment of the change of pole,
there may be placed several similar systems upon the same axis at different
angles as shown in Fig. 14.
Instead of two windings in contrary directions upon a coil A one winding
only may be used and the direction of the current in the winding may be changed
by means of a collector or commutator or by a current reverser.
Figures 15 and 16 show an arrangement similar to that shown in Figures 12, 13
and 14 except that the coils C are in the same position as the coils A and the
pieces have their arms on the same side.
Figures 17 and 18 show an arrangement for compensating for the friction,
with this object, the coil A is placed eccentrically and inclined with relation to
the piece D from which it follows that the pole of the coil A tends to repulse the
pole of the piece D, it is only necessary in order to regulate this effort to place
the pieces A and D more or less eccentric to each other.
Fig. 11 shows an arrangement to prevent the breaking of the stone or jewel
forming the lower support, with this object the pivot R is movable and may
enter the axis H, a spring 1' tends to press it out of this recess against a flange or
rim and should be sufficiently strong to carry the weight of the moving part, in
case of much pressure being applied the pivot R passes into the recess in the
axis II, which latier comes into contact with the head of the screw T.
This system of motor meter has the advantage that it has not any movable

page_text: ire upon the armature which makes an exceedingly strong apparatus, the
hovable part only consisting of two pieces of iron, a disc and a movable brush.
The friction may be reduced to a minimum by the fact that the fixed brush
bears on the axis itself, which may be reduced to a very small diameter and
be completely smooth upon its entire surface, the other or movable brush bears
pon a fixed collector or commutator.
This meter may be employed for a three wire system or a five wire system.
The fine wire being fixed it is possible to wind a great number of layers without
the case with motor meters in
augmenting the weight of the movable part (as
which the movable part possesses an armature wound with fine wire) in conse-
quence of which it is possible to obtain a couple motor or effort motor very power-
ful, ensuring the starting when very small currents are being used and diminish-
ing the consumption of current circulating in the fine wire.
said
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. A motor meter for electricity comprising the field magnets composed of coils
or solenoids traversed by the main current and also fixed coils traversed each in
turn by a shunt current and an armature comprising pieces of magnetic metal
energized during their rotary movement by shunt coils, the poles produced upon
these magnetic pieces being successively attracted and repulsed by the poles of
the coils traversed by the main current so as to obtain a continuous rotary move-
ment, these shunt coils being excited by means of a fixed brush conveying the cur-
rent to a movable brush bearing upon a fixed collector or commutator the plates
of which are in connection with the said coils, substantially as set forth.
2. A motor meter for electricity comprising the field magnets composed of
fixed coils or solenoids traversed each in turn by a shunt current so as to obtain
a rotating magnetic field, this rotating magnetic field acting upon a piece of
magnetic metal, which magnetic piece is magnetized by a coil wound with thick
wire and traversed by the principal current, substantially as set forth.
3. In a motor meter as claimed in Claim 1, an arrangement for compensating
for the friction, obtained by placing the coils traversed by the shunt current
eccentrically with relation to the magnetic pieces rotating in their interior
substantially as set forth.
4. In a motor meter as herein before claimed, an arrangement for preventing
the breakage of the stones or jewels upon which the pivot turns, consisting of a
movable pivot which may enter a recess in the axis, and a spring placed in said
recess which tends to press the pivot outwards, this pivot being pressed against
a flange on the axis, so as to enable it to support the weight of the axis, sub-
stantially as set forth.
Deted this 2nd day of Agust 1809
HARRIS & MILLS,
23, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents.