Improvements in Dyeing Vats.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Jan., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 3rd Oct., 1892-Accepted, 5th Nov., 1392-
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Dyeing Vats.
I, ALFRED DREZE, of Forges Thiry, Liège, in the Kingdom of Belgium,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in dyeing vats.
'
In carrying out the invention within an ordinary vat of wood, metal or other
suitable material, I place a pipe preferably of the form of an inverted truncated
cone the lower end of which is connected to a fixed perforated sheet metal plate
resting on supports fixed to the vat and forming a double bottom on which is
placed the material to be dyed; an upper sheet metal plate likewise perforated
and which can be divided into segments is movable and rests on the material to be
dyed acting as a cover and preventing any movement of such material.
To prevent the upper plate from rising a ring is provided to which are adapted
arms which maintain the plate in position. This ring is fixed to the pipe by
means of a set screw. The mobility of the upper plate has for object to allow
of its height being varied according to the quantity of material to be dyed..
Between the lower plate and the bottom of the vat there is a free space into
which is introduced by a funnel pipe, the coloring matters or those intended for
softening the tints. Another pipe either straight or coiled placed inside or outside
the vat and having its end in the axial line of the truncated conical pipe and at a
suitable distance (for example 15 %) from this pipe, receives through a cock and
a steam pipe, steam from a steam boiler.
The arrangement being as above described, the operation is as follows :—The
material to be dyed having been placed in the space comprised between the walls
of the vat and the inverted truncated cone above the double bottom and the vat
having been filled with dyeing fluid the cock is opened and the steam escaping
quickly upwards raises the liquid which forms, above the opening of the truncated
cone, a kind of fountain and spreads over the whole surface of the upper plate.
The denser liquid which surrounds the truncated coue descends into the bottom to
replace that which has been raised and there is thus formed by the simple pro-
jection of the steam in an upward direction into the truncated cone a movement of
circulation much more rapid and uniform than that which has been sought to be
obtained by pumps or injectors, or by the action of a furnace producing unequal
density, but incapable of producing a very rapid upward movement through the
centre of the mass accompanied by a slower downward movement through the
mass to be dyed.
The steam pipe in the axial line of the truncated cone constitutes an injector
which sucks up the liquid at the centre and discharges it in the direction of such
axial line; at the same time by a simple process the bath is heated more rapidly
than by any other process.
Persons conversant with the art to which this invention relates will understand
without further explanation that if the upper moveable plate is replaced by a
fixed plate having openings in which are suspended vessels having perforated
bottoms of suitable size the improvements could be applied to the dyeing of
bobbins of textile material enclosed within such vessels.
It is obvious that the vessels containing the bobbins could simply rest on the
lower fixed perforated bottom in which case these perforations would replace those
of the bottom of the vessels, which could be dispensed with.
In the event of there not being as many bobbins to be dyed as there are vessels
those remainining empty should be closed by covers.
From the preceding description it will be seen, the lower bottom can without

page_text: inconvenience in this case be removed or maintained in position as it does not
interfere with the circulation which can only take place through the vessels.
In some cases the truncated conical pipe is replaced by a cylindrical pipe.
Dated the 23rd day of December 1891.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Dyeing Vats.
:
I, ALFRED DREZE, of Forges-Thiry, Liège, in the Kingdom of Belgium,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in dyeing vats in which a bath of dye
is by the action of steam caused to constantly circulate through materials placed
around a pipe which conducts the liquid in an upward direction and the improve-
ments have for object to effect a very rapid heating of the bath and the continuous
circulation of the bath so heated even at a very high temperature.
The improvements consist essentially in causing the steam to arrive in the
liquid vat in a single body through the end of a pipe (the opening of which is
entirely free) and at a certain distance beneath the opening of a large conical pipe
surrounded by the materials to be treated such distance being determined by the
nature of the bath and the rapidity of movement which it is desired to obtain and
in all cases sufficient to allow the liquid to pass freely. The invention further
consists in certain arrangements of apparatus which will be hereinafter more
particularly described.
In order to enable the invention to be fully understood I will describe the same
by reference to the accompanying drawings which illustrate apparatus constructed
according to my improvements in which :-
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of an apparatus constructed according to my
invention taken on the line X Y of Figure 2.
Figure 2 is a plan of the apparatus shewn in Figure 1.
Figures and 4 are views of a similar apparatus some of the parts being
modified.
Figures 5 and 6 are respectively a sectional view and a plan illustrating a special
application of the apparatus.
C is a vat and ABDE a pipe of an inverted truncated conical form. F is a
fixed perforated plate of sheet metal to which is fixed the lower end of the
pipe A B DE; the plate F rests upon supports within the vat and forms a kind
of false bottom on which is placed the material to be treated.
G is an upper plate of sheet metal also perforated and which may be divided
into several segments; the plate G is held against the material to be dyed by a
ring D E provided with arms Q fixed to the central tube by a set screw.
Figures 3 and 4 shew a similar apparatus but of a circular shape and in which
the upper plate G instead of pressing upon the material to be dyed serves only to
prevent any abnormal movements of this material. The plate G is placed a little
above the material and rests upon two iron strips or bands h, ' which hook onto
the walls of the vat C. Above the central pipe A BDE is a cap formed of a
perforated sheet metal plate g, connected to the central pipe, and an unperforated
sheet metal plate H. connected to the plate by cross pieces.
This cap
prevents the too-forcible projection of the liquid when the pressure of the steam
is accidentally increased.
Figures 5 and 6 illustrate my improved apparatus arranged for dyeing textile
material in the form of bobbins or otherwise.

page_text: The two perforated plates F and G shewn in Figure 1 are replaced by two
sheet metal plates F and G₁ provided with large holes and connected together by
cylinders Q fixed to the said plates F', G₁ and in these cylinders are placed
the materials to be dyed in the form of bobbins or otherwise; the upper part of
each of the cylinders is open and the lower part is provided with a perforated
bottom upon which rests the materials to be dyed and which can be removed with
these materials.
.
IJ is a funnel pipe through which is introduced into the lower part of the vat
the liquid to be heated and caused to circulate in the vat. Steam is supplied
through the pipe P provided with a cock O to the pipe L M N.
g is a perforated disc which may be of a bulbous form placed at the upper part
of the pipe A B D E and combined with a cap H which causes any liquid
projected against it to spread over the whole surface of the upper plate G.
In Figure 4 O' is a small door which allows of samples of the contents of the
cylinders being withdrawn from the vat or examined during the operation.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows:-
The liquid contained in the vat is heated and forced upwards by means of a
steam jet issuing from the tube L M N the end N of which is in the axial line of
the rat and of the central conical tube A B D E at such a distance below the
tube A B D E as to allow of a sufficiently large opening being left between the
two tubes for the free circulation of the liquid.
The liquid forced upwards by the steam jet passes through the central tube and
spreads out at its upper part either freely or by coming against the cap H
whence it passes through the perforated cover G onto the material to be treated
(whether the said material is placed in cylinders or not) which it traverses and
descends through the bottom Fonto the lower part of the vat whence it is again
forced upwards by the steam jet, passes through the central tube, again descends
through the material and continues to circulate in a similar manner.
From this construction of apparatus it will be understood that the steam
which issues in an undivided body acts by its live force beneath the column of
liquid and gives it an upward movement which is continuous and absolutely uniform
because the vacuum which tends to form beneath the quantities raised is con-
tinually filled by the liquid which surrounds the truncated cone and which liquid
continuously descends in order to replace that which has been forced upwards
through the cone.
Although I have described my improvements in connction with dyeing vats it
will be obvious that they are equally applicable to vats for washing purposes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is: :-
1. In an apparatus of the kind above described the combination with a vat, a
receptacle at the lower part of the vat for the liquid and covers or plates between
which (or in suitable chambers) is placed the material to be treated, of a steam
inlet pipe the opening of which is entirely free and of a large conical tube
surrounded with the material to be treated the said tube being arranged in an axial
line with and at a suitable distance from the steam pipe, substantially as and for
the purpose herein before described.
2. In an apparatus such as that referred to in Claim 1 the combination with a
vat, a receptacle for the dyeing liquid, covers or plates and a steam inlet pipe of
a large conical pipe widening upwards, a bulbous cap receiving the liquid forced
upward through this pipe and a perforated plate through which passes the liquid
which has been projected against the said cap, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
3. In an apparatus such as that referred to in Claim 1 the combination with
the vat, the receptacle for the liquid and the herein before described pipes, of
sheet metal plates between which are arranged receptacles (each being open at

page_text: the top and provided at the bottom with a perforated plate) for receiving the
materials to be treated in any desired form and through which receptacles the
liquid directly penetrates, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore
described.
4. The improvements in dyeing vats hereinbefore described and illustrated in 5
the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 3rd day of October 1892.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.