IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY PERCUSSIVE BORING APPARATUS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki, of the Firm of J.
Brandt and G. W. von Nawrocki, Patent Agents, of 124, Leipzigerstrasse,
Berlin, Germany, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY PERCUSSIVE
BORING APPARATUS." A communication from Amador Villar y Castropol, of
Madrid, Spain.
Sealed the 10th December 1878, and dated the 15th June 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von
Nawrocki at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th June
1878.
"
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W. von
Nawrocki, Patent Agents, of 124, Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, Germany. IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ROTARY PERCUSSIVE BORING APPARATUS." [A communication from Amador
Villar y Castropol, of Madrid, Spain.]
According to the present Invention, apparatus for boring shafts or bore holes in
the ground is constructed as follows:-
A framing consisting of vertical rods connected at top and bottom and at the
middle by discs is suspended by ropes in the bore hole, and through the
centre of the discs passes the bore rod, the upper part of which is also suspended
by a rope actuated from above. This rod consists of two separate parts;
the upper
part, to which the rope is attached, terminates at the lower end in a pair of gripping
tongs, which catch under a conical head on the end of the lower part of the rod, so
that on the upper part being raised it lifts the lower part and also the boring too!
attached thereto until the tongs, in having its upper ends moved apart by coming
in contact with a fixed cone on the framing, releases the lower part, which in falling
by gravity causes the boring tool to operate by percussion. On again lowering the
upper part of the boring rod the tongs thereof are opened out in sliding along the
conical head of the lower part until they catch underneath the head again for
the purpose of lifting the rod and boring tool as before.

page_text: The lower part of the boro rod is of polygonal section, and passes through a disc
carried by the framing, and having ratchet teeth into which gear pawls that are acted
upon by levers hinged to the framing, and having their upper ends pressed by springs
against the boring rod. On the latter is formed a conical enlargement, which as the
rod is raised in the frame presses the levers apart, and thereby causes them to
actuate the pawls so as to partially turn the ratchet disc. By this means the rod
and boring tool are partially rotated at each up stroke.
The boring tool consists of a hollow cylinder having cutters fixed to its lower end,
such cutters being of combined radial and circular form with spaces between them,
through which the debris can enter the cylinder, the passage into which is closed by
a ball valve, which prevents the debris that has entered it from falling out again.
In addition to the fixed cutters there are provided at the periphery of the cylinder
hinged cutters, so balanced by counterweights and adjusted by screws that, when
the tool makes its operating down stroke the cutters project to a greater or less
degree beyond the cylinder, and thus cut the bore hole of a greater diameter than
the cylinder, so that this can always move freely up and down the bore hole, even
when this has to be lined on passing through quicksand or water-bearing strata.
The cylinder of the boring tool has a side door through which the collected debris
is removed from time to timo; at its upper end it has a disc having a circular under-
cut groove, in which run freely heads on two rods which pass up through guides on
the framing, and are connected at their upper ends to ropes passing up to regulating
apparatus arranged as follows:-There are three drums of equal diameter on which
are wound respectively the rope actuating the bore rod, the ropes supporting the
framing, and the ropes of the regulating apparatus. Each drum is prevented from
unwinding by a ratchet wheel and pawl, the latter being all connected together by
a rope and to a disengaging lever.
When the boring tool, and consequently the regulating rods, have descended as
far as they can go with a certain position of the frame, the ropes of the rods act on
the disengaging lever, causing it to disengage all the pawls of the rope drum, which
consequently unwind all the ropes, so as to allow the framing and the boring tool
to descend a certain distance.
The rope actuating the boring tool on its way to its drum passes over a quadrant
on the end of a lever, which receives an up-and-down movement from a motor
engine, whereby the rope, and consequently the bore rods, are alternately raised and
lowered, as before described.
The lever is provided with a balance weight, which is shifted as the boring tool
descends, so as to balance the increased weight of the suspending rods.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 14th December 1878.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W. von
Nawrocki, Patent Agents, of 124, Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, Germany. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ROTARY PERCUSSIVE BORING APPARATUS." A communication from Amador
Villar y Castropol, of Madrid, Spain.
According to the present Invention, apparatus for boring shafts in the ground is
constructed of the following parts :-
First. The bore frame and imechanism in the shaft for producing the falling motion
and rotation of the boring tool.
Second. The vertical bore rod.
Third. The boring cylinder for taking up the debris formed by boring, which
carries at its lower end the boring tool and contrivances for increasing the size of
the bore hole.
Fourth. The regulator.
Fifth. The machinery for working the boring apparatus.
On the accompanying Drawings are shown two different modifications of the
apparatus.
Figures 1 to 17 show one arrangement, and Figures 18 to 27 the other; the
separate parts of each arrangement have generally the same functions, and only
differ in certain modifications.
1. The boring frame consists, in the first modification, as shown in Figures 1 and
2, of four vertical rods a, a, a¹, a', which are connected at top by the disc b with cone b²,
at bottom by the disc q, and in the middle by the disc q¹. The discs q, q', serve as
guides to the vertical bore rod E. The rods a, a, terminate at top in suitable hooks
a", serving for attachment of the safety ropes.
At. the lower part of the frame two levers L are pivotted to lugs e on the rods a, a,
and are pressed by springs v, v, with their upper ends against the bore rod E, which
they grasp by means of curved plates L'; the other two rods a', a¹, are provided
with guides o, o, for guiding the end o¹, which actuates the regulator.
The disc q has a ratchet wheel D (Figures 4, 5, 6, 7), the boss of which has a
circular groove into which take the rounded ends of screws t; the ratchet D rests
by means of three rollers p (Figure 7 in section) on the disc in order to avoid
friction; it is turned by means of the two pawls d, which are actuated by the
lower ends of the levers L (Figure 5). The ratchet wheels are turned by the
levers L, actuated as presently described, and thus effect the rotation of the bore
rod.
In the modified arrangement, shown at Figures 18 to 23, the boring frame con-
sists of eight rods a, connected at top, middle, and bottom by discs b, ql, and q;
these discs form at the same time a weight which ensures the sinking of the appa-
ratus while boring. Two of the rods a¹ are extended beyond b, and are connected
by a bridge piece carrying the pulleys d, round which passes the rope ¹ for sup-
porting the boring frame, as will be presently described. The underneath of the
dises bis provided with the cone b¹. The rotation of the boring rod is effected by a
device to be presently described.
2. The boring rod consists in both arrangements of two separate parts.
The upper part E passes through the cone b', and carries the tongs T.
The upper end is provided with a head C and eye, serving for the reception of
the hook, Figures 15 and 20, to which is fixed the head carrying the whole
apparatus.
Figure 19 shows the extended loop of the second modification. The bridge piece o
passes through between the sides of the loop.
The lower part of the rod is provided at its upper end with a cone U, which is
always above the discs 21; the part below this is cylindrical, and terminates, in the

page_text: first arrangement, in a cone U, into which the rod E" of polygonal section is screwed,
and to the latter is fixed the boring cylinder by means of the piece H (Figures 11
and 12).
In the second arrangement the rod E is hollow at top, and in the recess is a
sliding rod u having at bottom a head n, and connected at top to the pin of the
tongs T; this rod serves for regulating, as will be presently described.
The stroke of the rod E is limited by the discs E2, which fit into a projection on
the upper middle disc q', as shown at Figure 18. The rod E is connected by means
of the discs to a cylinder F, having eight helical channels, as shown developed at
Figure 23, and which serve to effect the rotation of the boring cylinder after every
stroke; for this purpose the disc D has a pine which takes into the channels of F,
and which describes the path indicated at Figure 23, as hereafter described.
The boring cylinder is fixed rigidly to the bore rod by the cross piece H,
Figure 22.
3. The boring cylinder, Figures 13 and 14, consists of cast iron, and its diameter
is according to the required size of the bore hole.
The upper part of the cylinder is in the first arrangement formed by the disc M
(Figures 8 and 9), belonging to the regulator.
The cylinder is in both modifications connected to the boring rods E", E, by means
of the cross-shaped piece H, and has a door P which serves for the removal of the
debris collected therein.
The interior of the cylinder is contracted at bottom in the form of a hyperboloid,
which is closed at its smallest part by means of a spherical valve Q.
The bore head proper consists of the two diametrical cutters R, R, and the four
concentric cutters r¹ (shown at Figure 14) of different radii, which are connected
together and let into the bottom surface of the cylinder. The cutters e, e, serving
for enlarging the bore hole, are mounted on pivots in recesses, and are held in
position by discs e' secured by screws.
As shown in Figure 13, the cutters e, e, are provided with balance weights p³, p²,
fitting in corresponding recesses, and serving to bring the cutters into proper posi-
tion when the cylinder descends. The lower edges of the cutters R, R, and r², ¹,
lie, as shown at Figure 13, in a spherical surface, while the edges of the cutters e lie
somewhat lower than those of the other cutters.
4. The regulator and machinery for driving the boring apparatus is different in
the two modifications.
According to the first arrangement, the connection between the regulator and the
boring apparatus is effected by the disc M, Figures 8 and 9, which is fixed to the
part H of the boring cylinder by four screws (Figure 11); this is provided with a
loop for receiving a rope leading up to the surface.
It is evident that the rods v, v, partake of the vertical motion of the bore cylinder,
while the latter can freely rotate.
The vertical motions are transmitted through the rope K" to the regulator. As
shown at Figure 16, the rope K¹ is passed through the head of the lever N, which
serves for raising the boring tool, and passes over the pulleys 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, to the
drum D. The four first pulleys are carried by the fixed framing; the two rollers
5 and 6 are carried in the end of the pawl lever J. The rope K attached to the
boring rod El passes over the segment M and the pulleys α, B, &c., and is wound
upon the druin, while the two safety ropes K', which carry the boring frame, are
wound direct upon the two drums D¹.
All the drums have the same diameter, and are provided with ratchet wheels
C, C, C, of equal size. The pawl levers F, F', F", are connected to each other by
ropes which lead to the lever J, so that the levers are all moved by the latter.
The lever N, receiving reciprocating motion from a motor engine, has on its short
end the segment M, stiffened by the strut Q and carried by the framing.
The boring frame, &c., as also the ropes, are balanced by an adjustable counter-
weight P, according to the amount of resistance afforded by the work.
The apparatus operates as follows:-The reciprocating motion of the lever N is

page_text: transmitted by the rope K to the boring rod E¹, the hook (Figure 15) preventing a
twisting of the rope; the rod E with boring tool is thus raised until the rollers
u, u, of the tongs T in passing along the cone b¹ cause the tongs to open and to
release the cone U, whereupon the boring tool falls by gravity; at the same time
the cone U will at the end of the stroke force the upper ends of the levers L apart,
whereby the ratchet wheel D, Figure 4, and consequently the boring rod E, are
turned to a certain extent.
By the descent of the rope K the tongs T lay hold with its rollers u', u', under
the cone U in order to raise the same, and with it the boring tool; at every stroke
therefore the boring tool is turned round to a certain extent, as required for efficient
working.
The debris, which are only about one-tenth the size of the ball valve, enter the
cylinder freely, while the valve prevents them from passing out again.
As before stated, the rods V, V, connected to the regulator, partake of the motion
of the boring tool, but up to a certain limit such motion does not act on the lever J.
If the stroke of the boring tool exceeds this limit the rope K", which is prevented
from unwinding from the drum D" by the pawl F", raises the lever J, which thus
pulls the pawls F, F, F, out of gear by the ropes G, G', G", so that all the drums
D, DI, D, release a certain length of the respective ropes, so that these are all
lengthened to an equal extent, thereby lowering the apparatus in the bore hole.
It will be evident that when the boring apparatus has reached a certain deptli
the counterweight P will have to be moved further out in order to balance a greater
length of rope.
According to the second arrangement the boring frame is suspended from the
ropes K¹, of which one end is fixed to the frame M, Figure 24, while the other end
is wound on the drum D¹ of the winch G¹.
The descent of the boring frame is prevented by a brake f¹, which is fixed on the
shaft h, and the lever of which is loaded by a weight. The rope K. is attached to
the boring rod, and passes over the pulley on the lever N and over the shaft of N
and guide pulley y to the drum D" of the winch G₁, of which the shaft h¹¹ is also
provided with a brake with loaded lever P¹¹, Figure 26. This shaft also carries at
each end a ratchet wheel i, Figure 27, and the pawl m thereof loaded with a weight
n has an arm m', the end of which has a pin sliding in a groove in the rod p; the
latter receives by means of the crank p' a reciprocating motion, the crank pt being
on a shaft R, which effects the motion of the lever N by means of a connecting
rod N.
The amount of the motion of p is adjustablo, as the end of the rod p is not con-
nected directly with the crank pin, but to a second small crank p", which is adjusted
in position on the crank p¹¹ by a setting screw, Figure 17. The rope suspended from
the other lever N is balanced by a weight Q.
This apparatus acts as follows:-The lever N has a reciprocating motion imparted
to it from the crank shaft R, the crank shaft being driven by the motor engine V
through the strap pulley S. The tongs T having grasped the head U of the boring
rod E, the raising of the rope K effects the raising of the boring tool until the
tongs are opened by the cone b', and thus allow the boring tool to fall.
It is evident that in falling the boring tool will drag with it the boring frame at
the end of the stroke, if the latter is not suspended at a sufficient depth.
By the descent the boring tool is at the same time rotated somewhat by the stud e
sliding in a corresponding groove in the cylinder F. Figure 23 shows the way in
which this effected. In falling, the stud e describes relatively to the cylinder the
lines I., II., III., and passes in rising into the groove III., IV., V., so that the cylinder
F, and with it the boring tool, will have been turned a distance equal to I. to V. of
the circumference, being in the present case 45°, and this is repeated at each
stroke.
If the boring tool has penetrated so far that the rod u is dragged down by the
head u', the falling tool exerts a pull on the rope K in order that the brake appa-
ratus may give way to this pull and allow a corresponding extension of the rope K.

page_text: At this moment the pawl M is put out of gear by means of the rod p, while in
raising the tool the pawl is in gear, and the unwinding of the rope K from the
drum D is prevented. By this means an automatic regulation of the length of the
rope K and of the fall of the boring tool is effected.
As before stated, the balance weight Q will have to be regulated according as the
boring apparatus descends.
If, after working, the boring cylinder has become filled with debris, the engine is
stopped and the entire apparatus is raised to the surface by winding up the ropes
on their respective drums, which is effected by driving belts and pulleys, as shown
in Figures 24 and 25.
The boring cylinder being raised to the surface, the door P is opened and the
contents are removed, and the working parts are lubricated, after which the
apparatus is lowered again, which is greatly facilitated by the fact that the bore
hole is of larger diameter than the cylinder.
The size of the cutters e, e, and their connection must be so adjusted that even
when the bore hole requires to be lined the cylinder can pass up and down freely.
In comparison with bore apparatus of present construction, the above described
offers considerable advantages; thus, with ordinary apparatus, if a stratum of loose
material, such as sand, &c., is passed through, requiring the bore hole to be lined,
a smaller sized boring tool would have to be adopted to be able to pass through the
lined part. In this way, if successive linings have to be introduced, those below
will be of loss diameter than those above, and consequently, as the lining is not con-
tinuous, the water from below will readily penetrate, and in disturbing the lining
prevent a regular working.
By the above described apparatus, on the other hand, as the bore hole is of
sufficiently larger diameter than the cylinder for the insertion of a lining between
them, this can be of the same diameter, and consequently continuous throughout.
A further advantage is presented by the combination of the free descent of tho
boring tool with its rotation, and the collection in the same in the debris, which thus
does not impede the continued action of the tool.
Also, the fracture of the working rope would in this apparatus not have the same
detrimental results as in ordinary apparatus, as the safety ropes are sufficient for
raising the entire apparatus to the surface.
Furthermore, the arrangement of the lever and regulator ensure a working with
the greatest possible saving of labour.
For increased depths a comparatively moderate increase of power is required.
The regulator also dispenses with a numerous and skilled staff of workmen.
The apparatus is equally applicable to all descriptions of borings for prospecting,
mining, foundation, and other purpose.
Having now described and particularly set forth the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and the manner of carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood
that I claim,
-
First. The general arrangement and mode of operating of boring apparatus herein
described, and shown on the accompanying Drawings.
Second. The construction of the cutting tools, consisting of the cutters R, R, r¹, r¹,
and the pivotted cutters e, e, for enlarging the bore hole.
Third. Mounting the said pivotted cutters on the bottom surface of the boring
cylinder so that in descending they project somewhat beyond the cylinder, with
provision of counterweights P, P, thereto.
Fourth. The use of a boring cylinder for the reception of the debris in com-
bination with the cutters above referred to and a spherical valve, substantially
as herein described.
Fifth. The combination of the boring frame, consisting of the rods a, a, a³, a¹,
cone b¹, and discs q, q, as shown in Figures 1, 2, and 18.
Sixth. The use for producing the rotation of the tool of the conical enlargement
U, the rod E, levers L, springs v, pawl d, ratchet wheel D with groove c, rollers p
*combined, as herein described with reference to Figures 1, 4, 5, 6, and 7.

page_text: Seventh. The use for producing the rotation of the above described boring
cylinder of the cylinder F, grooved as shown in Figure 23, in combination with
the pin e.
Eighth. The use in combination with the above described boring apparatus of
the rod u, with head u' inside the hollow boring rod, for the purposes specified.
Ninth. The combination of the boring cylinder with a regulator, in particular
the combination of the plate M with groove S, rods v, v, rope K", lever J, drum D,
for the purposes herein described with reference to Figures 1, 8, 9, 10, 16, and 17.
Tenth. The construction of the lever N with suspension of the main rope K
by means of the segment N with pulleys a, B, as described with reference to
Figures 16 and 17.
Eleventh. The combination of the ropes K, K¹, K", drums D, D', Dч, ratchet
wheels C, C¹, C, pawls F, F', F1, connected to the lever J by ropes, so that by the
motion of the latter all ropes K, K¹, K", are let out to an equal extent.
Twelfth. In combination with the herein described boring apparatus, the ratchet
wheel i, pawl m, rods m¹, p, crank p", p', operating in combination with the brake
f", for the purposes described.
Thirteenth. Suspending the herein described boring frame by means of the rope K
in combination with the brake f¹, as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
ADD DD
תותח
GE
GERARD
WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI. (L.S.)