IMPROVED MEANS AND MACHINERY TO BE USED FOR THE PURPOSE OF EXTRACTING FATTY OILS FROM OLEAGINOUS SEEDS, AND FOR PURIFYING THE SAID OILS, AND FOR EXTRACTING. THE AGENTS EMPLOYED FROM THE EXHAUSTED RESIDUE
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Otto Heyl, of Berlin, in the Kingdon of
Prussia, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVED MEANS AND
MACHINERY TO BE USED FOR THE PURPOSE OF EXTRACTING FATTY OILS FROM
OLEAGINOUS SEEDS, AND FOR PURIFYING THE SAID OILS, AND FOR EXTRACTING.
THE AGENTS EMPLOYED FROM THE EXHAUSTED RESIDUE,"
Sealed the 24th April 1863, and dated the 7th November 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Otto Heyl at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th November 1.62..
I, CHARLES OTTO HEYL, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia, Manu->
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED!
MEANS AND MACHINERY TO BE USED FOR THE PURPOSE OF EXTRACTING FATTY OILS?
FROM OLEAGINOUS SEEDS, AND FOR PURIFYING THE SAID OILS, AND FOR EXTRACTING
THE AGENTS EMPLOYED FROM THE EXHAUSTED RESIDUE," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object, first, the extraction of the oil from-
oleaginous seeds by means of sulphuret of carbon.
Second, to remove from the oils thus obtained the chemical' agent that'
has been employed.
Third, to purify the oils and extract the colour therefrom.
Fourth, to remove from the residuum the chemical agents that have been
Price 8dı

page_text: employed, and by this means to render this residuum particularly useful for
feeding cattle.
The first apparatus, viz., that for extracting the oils, consists of a cast-iron
vessel, which is mounted on journals. About six inches above the bottom of
this vessel is a perforated false bottom covered on its under surface with wire
gauze or metallic cloth. A close tube of a conical form is secured to the false
bottom, and rises above it, and above this, and within about nine inches of the
top of the vessel is another perforated false bottom or plate made of wrought
iron, and placed on a ledge or projecting blocks cast in one piece with the
vessel. The vessel may be hermetically closed and enveloped by a wrought-
iron jacket filled with steam, and kept tight by means of cramps and hempen
packing. The wrought-iron jacket may be easily removed when required by
means of a jack or other suitable mechanism. This apparatus may be either
a fixture, or it may be made portable, so as to admit of being removed from
place to place at pleasure.
G_
The distilling apparatus consists of awrought-iron tube resembling a steam
boiler. At each end it is provided with a plate, which is screwed or bolted
thereto. Four inclined tubes are fixed in the ends, and extend from end to
end of theapparatus, while another inclined tube made of copper traverses the
apparatus in the opposite direction. Another tube communicates with the end
of the first tubes by means of small branch pipes, which are screwed thereto.
A small steam pipe is screwed into the end of the copper tube, and the other
end of this last communicates with the four tubes first mentioned by means
of branch pipes. These four tubes, and also the copper one communicate also
with the refrigerator. The distilling apparatus is heated by steam. The
purifier consists of a cast-iron case or vessel about six feet long and two wide.
It is inclined or sloped, and is provided with a cover, which is screwed thereto,
and is provided internally with projecting flanges. At two inches below the
cover,and parallel therewith, is placed an inclined piecewhich is covered with
lead. A perforated steam tube is adapted to this apparatus, and as the
steam escapes therefrom it is directed by the projecting flanges towards the
inclined piece above mentioned.
The refrigerator consists of a serpentine or coiled tube or worm placed
horizontally, and plunged in water.
The drying apparatus consists of a close wooden vessel enclosed within
a wrought-iron cover. There are four arms armed with brushes placed
excentrically, and also with small scrapers. Ventilators are placed above
these arms, and above the former is the helical supplying screw. This
apparatus is heated by the waste steam.

page_text: Theoperation of the parts is as follows:-The seeds having been previously
crushed are introduced into the first or extracting apparatus, so as to fill the
space between the two false bottoms. Three or four of these vessels are con-
nected together in one series by means of pipes furnished with stop cocks. A
jet of sulphuret of carbon is admitted to the apparatus, and allowed to
percolate through the mass of crushed seed, and pass through all the vessels.
The oil then runs out into a suitable close receiver, and is conducted into the
distilling apparatus, where it is introduced in constant and uniform jets:
During its passage slowly through the distilling apparatus the oily solution
becomes freed from the sulphuret of carbon. In order, however, to free the
oil completely from the sulphuret the assistance of steam is required. The oil
is conducted to the purifier, where it trickles in a thin stream down the
inclined plate, and in so doing is acted on by an atmosphere of steam. The
refrigerating coil or worm is partially supplied with water, so that the aqueous
vapour will have to overcome a slight hydraulic pressure, which will facilitate
its condensation. This arrangement admits of the sulphuret of carbon being
condensed and collected in a suitable receiver. As soon as the mass of seed
in the first. extracting vessel has been deprived of its oil a jet of steam is
introducted, in order to carry off the sulphuret of carbon contained therein, a
communication being at the same time established with the refrigerating
apparatus. The vertical conical perforated close tube in the extracting vessel
serves to introduce the steam into the mass of seed, and also to assist in con-
ducting the heat thereto, so as to quicken the removal of the carbon, so that
all the nutritive properties that the seeds contain may be preserved. When the
mass of seed has had all the carbon driven off, it is to be removed from the
vessel by an endless chain of buckets, an Archimedean screw, or other suitable
mechanism, and is conducted to the drying apparatus, and when dried it may
be ground in any convenient apparatus. The oils obtained in this manner
contain a colouring principle and a small quantity of volatile oil, both of which
are removed by treating the oil with chloride of zinc. To this end the chloride
of zinc is mixed with a small quantity of oil, and the mixture is added to the
mass of oil to be operated upon, agitating the mass until the yellow colour
disappears, and the oil assumes a green shade. The oil is then washed in hot
water, and when well clarified it is to be filtered.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Otto Heyl in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 4th May 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
OTTO HEYL, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia, Manufacturer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successo: s, give and grant unto me, the
said Charles Otto Heyl, Her special licence that I, the said Charles Otto
Heyl, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Charles Otto Heyl, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVED MEANS AND MACHINERY TO BE USED FOR THE PURPOSE OF EXTRACTING
FATTY OILS FROM OLEAGINOUS SEEDS, AND FOR PURIFYING THE SAID OILS, AND
FOR EXTRACTING THE AGENTS EMPLOYED FROM THE EXHAUSTED RESIDUE," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Charles Otto Heyl, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Otto Heyl, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the fol-
lowing statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawing hereunto
annexed, and forming part of this my Specification, and to the figures and
letters of reference placed thereon:-
I will first describe the construction of the machinery or apparatus which I
use for the purposes of this Invention, namely, the extracting, the distilling,
the purifying, the refrigerating, and the dessicating apparatus.
The apparatus for extraction of the oils, shewn Figure No. 1, consists of a
cast-iron vase, which to facilitate the manipulation pivots at B. At, say, six

page_text: inches from the bottom is a double or false bottom e,pierced with holes,and its
lower surface covered with wire gauze. S indicates a closed tube of conical
forin rising from the centre of the double or false bottom e, to which it is
screwed; e¹,e¹, is another double or false bottom of wrought iron, pierced with
holes, and placed about nine inches beneath the top edge on a shouldery, cast
in one piece with the apparatus. This vase may be closed hermetically, and
m:de steam-tight by means of a wrought-iron cover or lid P,a cramp or jack
and hemp packing. The lid P is easily removed and replaced by means of a
tubular jack Y. The object of the openings a, b, c, d, I will hereafter explain
when describing my process. This apparatus may be moveable, as shewn in
the Drawing, or fixed, as the arrangements of the factory may render most
desirable.
The distilling apparatus is shewn Figures No. 2' and No. 2b. It consists
of a wrought-iron tube resembling a steam boiler; it is furnished at each end
with a bottom or plate fastened to it by screws; c, c, c, c, are four wrought-
irou tubes fixed in the two bottoms, and traversing the entire apparatuswith
a slight inclination,say, from an inch to an inch and a half in one direction,
whereas the copper tube d,,passes through the apparatus with an inclination
in the opposite direction. These tubes are set in or joined to the bottom or
end plates so as to be steam-tight. a is another copper tube, which communi-
cates with the bottom of the tubes c,c, through the small tubes b,b, which are
screwed into it. A small steam pipe is screwed to the bottom of the copper
tube d, d. The other bottom or end of the tube d, d, and the corresponding
ends of the tubes c,c, communicate with each other by the aid of small tubes
placed beneath, while the pipes c and d themselves extend upwards (to keep
the oil from running off), and communicate with the refrigerator shewn
Figure No. 4. The distilling apparatus is heated by steam, for which any
ordinary escape is provided.
The purifier shewn Figure No. 3 is a cast-iron box about six feet long by
two feet wide; it is sloped about six inches,and closed by a lid screwed on,
and having on its inner surface four ribs of one piece with it. Two inches
beneath this lid and parallel with it extends an inclined plane e, f, which is
lined with lead, as is also the whole interior of the box; E is a basiu about
four inches square soldered to the inclined plane e, f. It is in this basin that
the copper tube a plunges. c is a copper tube, in which is screwed another
tube two feet long, T-shaped, and one side of which (that towards e, f, is
pierced with very small holes,and by the effect of the ribs above-mentioned,
the steam arriving by this tube is forced towards the inclined plane e, f. The
tube b and the escape d will be explained when describing the process.

page_text: The refrigerator shewn in Figure No.4 is a copper worm,placed horizontally
in a reservoir of water in such wise that it is partly plunged in the water.
The end A is open; B, B, B, B, B, B, are lower elbow pipes; and C is
an elbow pipe rising vertically.
The dessicating apparatus is shewn Figures No.5* and No. 5b. A,A,A,A,
wooden vase closed by a steam-tight wrought-iron lid; B, B, B, B, four arms
furnished with brushes placed eccentrically; C,C; ventilators placed above the
arms, and still higher up is a feeding screw D), further; small rakes are
suspended to the arms carrying the brushes. This apparatus is heated by the
waste steam.
I will now proceed to describe the process and manipulation. The
oleaginous seeds having first been crushed between two parallel cylinders
enter the extraction vase No. 1, filling the space which separates the two
double bottoms e and e¹, e¹, pierced with holes. Three or four of these vases
thus charged are brought together into a series, united with each other by the
communication pipes, which pass from 1 to 2ª, and from 2 to 3", and so
on. The junction of these communication pipes is hermetically closed by the
aid of packing and screw ferrels or coupling boxes;
of any
The communication
between these vases may be interrupted by means of the stop-cocks with which
they are provided. The whole being thus arranged a jet of sulphuret of
carbon (coming from a reservoir occupying a more elevated position) is
introduced into 1ª, and left to penetrate the seed from bottom to top, andt he
same operation is effected for the second, third, and fourth vases. To prevent
the passage
of the seed,pipes furnished with gauze acting as sieve are
placed within at b. From the last extraction vase the oleaginous solution
runs directly into a closed receiver, and passing from thence by a, No. 2, it
enters the distilling apparatus, where by the aid of the cocks b,b,b,b, it passes
in constant and always uniform jets into the tubesc. During the slow passage
of the oleaginous solution through the tubes c, c, the oil will be nearly freed
from the sulphuret of carbon, which separates from it by means of distillation.
However, to entirely disengage the sulphuret of carbon the aid of steam is
indispensable, and therefore the current of oil meets in its passage through the
tube d,d, a jet of steam entering at e, and later, when passing through the
purifier, Figure No 3, it will undergo the action of steam at a still higher
degree. For this purpose the oil enters by a Figure No. 3 into the purifier,
runs in thin jets or streams along the inclined plane e, f, where it meets a jet
of steam entering at c, and arriving at b, it quits the purifier to be received in
a reservoir. The steam charged with the last traces of sulphuret of carbon
escapes at d to the refrigerator, Figure No. 4. With the object of obtaining a

page_text: constantly uniform jet of oil the tube a plunges at E into the basin, where it
is closed hydraulically by the oil. The refrigerating worm, Figure No. 4,.
partially filled with water,communicates, as already stated, by the open elbow
pipes B, B, B, B, B, B, with the water in a reservoir, so that the aqueous and
sulphuro-carbonic vapours which penetrate into this refrigerator have to over-
come aslight hydraulic pressure, which hastens the condensation, and renders
it more effectual. This arrangement further permits the condensed sulphuret
of carbon to run off and be brought into the reservoir provided for this
purpose. The elbow pipe C rising to any height, has the double purpose of
preventing the possibility of too great a pressure, and of permitting the escape
of the non-condensed vapours as well as the air contained in the apparatus.
As soon as the seeds in the first vase are deprived of their oil I proceed to free
them from the sulphuret of carbon by introducing through the opening d, Figure
No. 1, a jet of steam and opening the tap C, having first placed this tap in
communication with the refrigerator. Instead of a jet of steam obtained
from water a jet of some other gaseous or acriform body may be introduced by
the opening d, Figure No. 1; such as, for example, carbonic acid, which by
the pressure brought to bear in its passage would be able (like the steam) to
displace and drive out the extractive agent employed (that is to say, the
sulphuret of carbon) from the seeds, and at the same time purify them, and I.
claim this process as forming a part of my Invention. The conical tube 8 not
only prevents the seeds settling down too closely, but also serves essentially as
a conductor of heat to accelerate the disengagement of the sulphuret of carbon
so as to preserve to the residues all the nutritive qualities of the seeds con-
stituting their value as fodder, whereas by the ordinary processes the residues
lose nearly all their value. The residues thus freed from the sulphuret of
carbon are carried by a lift and an endless screw or other means to the dessi-
catingapparatus,and when dried they are reduced to powderbetweenhorizontal
stones. The oils thus obtained contain besides a coloring principle a small
quantity of volatile oil. They are freed from the one and the other by treating
them with dry chloride of zinc. For this purpose I grind 1 per cent. of
chloride of zinc inpowder with a small quantity of oil, and add this mixture to
the mass of oil which is to be freed from color and purified, keeping the whole
in agitation until the yellow color has disappeared, and is replaced by a
greenish shade or hue, after which I wash the oil in about 10 per cent. of
its volume of warm water, and when thoroughly cleared I filter.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the means by
which I carry it into practical effect, I would here observe, that modifications
may be made in the details herein set forth and illustrated in the annexed

page_text: Sheet of Drawing without departure from my said Invention, and that I
claim,―
Firstly, the improved processes and apparatus for extracting the oil from
oleaginous seeds by means of sulphuret of carbon.
Secondly, for extracting the chemical agent employed from the oils.
Thirdly, for taking away the color and purifying these oils.
And, fourthly, for extracting the chemical agent employed from the
exhausted residues, thus rendering these residues good food for cattle; the
whole substantially as herein-before described and illustrated in the annexed
Sheet of Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Otto Heyl, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
C. O. HEYL. (L.S.)