Improvements in Velocipedes and Automotor_Carriages.
Year: 1899

page_text: Improvements in Velocipedes and Automotor_Carriages.
1, EDMUND HUGH HODGKINSON, of S, Lancaster Gate, in the County of Middle-
sex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
:-
This invention consists in improvements in velocipedes & automotor carriages
& applies more especially to velocipedes described in my former Specifications
No: 1425 of 1880, No. 1570 of 1896, and No. 16715 of 1897.
"chain
The driving chain is shifted from one pulley to another by the aid of a
lifter" such as is described in Specification No. 16715 of 1897.
I now pivot the jockey wheel arm to the frame at a point below the crank
axle bracket. The jockey wheel thus turns on the jockey wheel arm pivot nearly
concentrically with the pedal axis.
The jockey wheel arm can have a short arm affixed to it, this short arm can
be actuated by, and be at about a right angle with, a spring attached to the
frame. When the slack of the chain is taken up, by putting the chain lifter in
action, the jockey wheel rises with the chain, and the spring. actuating the jockey
wheel arm though itself continually pulling stronger has owing to the arrange-
ment of the angle at which it acts less effect in pressing the jockey. wheel on
the chain.
Thus the greatest pressure can be applied to the jockey wheel when there is
The greatest amount of slack in the chain; that is, when the smallest pinion is
This arrangement tends to prevent the chain jumping the cogs: as it
is most likely to occur when the chain is on the smallest pinion.
in use.
As before described a spring may be provided to return the chain lifter to
its position of rest when forward pedalling commences. I now employ a cord
attached to, and wound round the boss of the leading limb the cord passes in
a forward direction over the boss, and the forward end of this cord is attached
to a spring lving under the lower back stay and attached to it.
The cord for raising the leading limb is attached to it and is lapped partially
around the boss of the leading arm and lies outside the other cord above described.
and passes in a forward direction under the boss of the leading limb and thence
to the roller on the boss of the jockey wheel arm.
In order to allow the driving pinions to turn freely on the hub of the wheel
when back pedalling I preferably employ pawls acting outwards attached to a
sliding ring keyed on to the tubular spindle of the hub so that it turns with the
hub but is free to slide along it laterally. This is effected by the key being
fixed to the ring and sliding freely laterally in a groove in the tubular spindle
of the hub. The pawls slide over corresponding recesses which form an internal
ratchet affixed to and turning with the pinion block. Thus the ring and pawls
furn forwards with the hub whilst the ratchet turns backwards with the pinion
block. At the same time the key, the ring, the pawls, and also the ratchet, are
quite free in conjunction with the pinion block to slide laterally along the hub.
forward pedalling the pawls engage with their corresponding recesses.
Similarly the ratchet may be on the ring and the pawls on the pinion block.
On

page_text: Also a friction clutch or any other form of clutch may be employed between
the sliding ring and the pinion block.
I now employ a pinion block (recessed for the clutch when the clutch is within
the pinion block) and bolted to one of the pinions; the other pinions can be
screwed on the pinion block.
The largest pinion may be placed between the other pinions which is more
suitable for the chain lifters than when it is placed on the outside.
I may employ a bent washer inside the usual outside nut on the back wheel
spindle this washer is bent so as to form a stop for the leading or following
limb of the chain lifter when in use.
65
For moving the pinions laterally upon the spindle I now employ a rocking lever
as mentioned in my previous Patent No. 1570 of the year 1896 but I now do not
employ a long finger" but use in lieu of it one arm of the rocking lever to
engage with, and actuate. the pinion block. This arm approaches the pinion
block from a point below the axis of the driving wheel and between the position
occupied by the leading limb of the chain lifter when in use and the position
of both arms of the chain lifter when the chain lifter is out of use.
does not interfere with the movement of a chain lifter with two or more limbs
Thus it
placed inside the frame of the machine. This rocking lever is pivotted to the
lower backstay and the other arm is pirotied to a rod or other suitable con-
nection which is carried forward to a bell crank lever pivotted on or near the
crank axle bracket. The other arm of this hell crank lever is connected by
a similar rod to a small hand lever pivotted near the steering handle bar con-
veniently placed in front of the rider. This hand lever engages with suitable
notches in a stationary guide. A spring may be employed on the rocking lever
which tends constantly to place one of the pinions in gear. Pressure by hand
upon the hand lever overcomes the spring when desired.
The arm of the rocking lever which actuates the pinion block engages prefer-
ably by means of suitable jaws a flange upon the pinion block as before but I
may cause the jaws to engage with the flange at more than one place, preferably
at two points at opposite sides of the axis of the pinion block; which enables
the pinion block to be moved more freely along the hub.
This arm of the rocking lever may also form a stop for the arms of the chain
lifter when out of use.
I may employ a bell crank lever pivotted to the frame of the machine con-
tiguous to the crank shaft and within the radius of the pedal crank. One arm
of the bell crank lever is connected to a brake which may be of any suitable
kind on the back wheel. The other arm is in close proximity to the pedal
preferably on the down stroke and is made of such a length that the lever can
be instantly actuated by the foot and preferably of such a length that its end
is within the radius of the pedal crank.
Dated this 10th day of March 1809.
crocipedes and Automotor Carriages.
I. EDMUND HUGH HODGKINSON, of S. Lancaster Gate, in the County of Middle-
sex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
This invention consists in improvements in velocipedes & automotor carriages

page_text: & applies more especially to velocipedes described in my former Specifications
No. 1425 of 1880, No. 1570 of 1896, and No. 16715 of 1897.
The driving chain is shifted from one pulley to another by the aid of a
lifter" such as is described in Specification No. 16715 of 1897.
chain
I now pivot the jockey wheel arm to the frame at a point below the crank
axle bracket. The jockey wheel thus turns on the jockey wheel arm pivot nearly
concentrically with the pedal axis.
This is especially beneficial as it lessens the angle formed by the chain and
the axis of the driven wheel, and thus tends to prevent the chain mounting the
cogs of the pinions.
The jockey wheel arm can have a short arm affixed to it, this short arm can
be actuated by, and be at about a right angle with, a spring attached to the
frame. When the slack of the chain is taken up, by putting the chain lifter in
action, the jockey wheel rises with the chain, and the spring actuating the jockey
wheel arm though itself continually pulling stronger has owing to the arrange-
ment of the angle at which it acts less effect in pressing the jockey wheel on
the chain.
Thus the greatest pressure can be applied to the jockey wheel when there is
the greatest amount of slack in the chain; that is, when the smallest pinion is
in use.
This arrangement tends to prevent the chain jumping the cogs; as it
is most likely to occur when the chain is on the smallest pinion.
As before described a spring may be provided to return the chain lifter to
its position of rest when forward pedalling commences. I now employ a cord
attached to and wound round the boss of the leading limb: the cord passes in
n forward direction over the boss, and the forward end of this cord is attached
to a spring lying under the lower back stay and attached to it.
The cord for raising the leading limb is attached to it and is lapped partially
around the boss of the leading arm and lies outside the other cord above described,
and passes in a forward direction under the boss of the leading limb and thence
to the roller on the boss of the jockey wheel arm.
For moving the pinions laterally upon the spindle I now employ a rocking lever
as mentioned in my previous Patent No. 1570 of the year 1896 but I now do not
employ a long finger" but use in lieu of it one arm of the rocking lever to
engage with, and actuate, the pinion block. This arm approaches the pinion
block from a point below the axis of the driving wheel and between the position
occupied by the leading limb of the chain lifter when in use and the position
of both arms of the chain lifter when the chain lifter is out of use. Thus it
does not interfere with the movement of a chain lifter with two or more limbs
placed inside the frame of the machine. This rocking lever is pivotted to the
lower backstay and the other.arm is connected to a rod or other suitable con-
nection which is carried forward to a bell crank lever pivotted on or near the
crank axle bracket. The other arm of this bell crank lever is connected by
a similar rod to a small hand lever pivotted near the steering handle bar con-
veniently placed in front of the rider. This hand lever engages with suitable
notches in a stationary guide. A spring may be employed on the rocking lever
which tends constantly to place one of the pinions in gear. Pressure by hand
upon the hand lever overcomes the spring when desired.
The arm of the rocking lever which actuates the pinion block engages prefer-
ably by means of suitable jaws a flange upon the pinion block as before but I
may cause the jaws to engage with the flange at more than one place, preferably
at two points at opposite sides of the axis of the pinion block; which enables
the pinion block to be moved more freely along the hub.
This arm of the rocking lever may also form a stop for the arms of the chain
lifter when out of use.
In order to allow the driving pinions to turn freely on the hub of the wheel
when back pedalling I preferably employ pawls acting outwards attached to a
sliding ring keyed on to the tubular spindle of the hub so that it turns with the

page_text: hub but is free to slide along it laterally. This is effected by the key being
fixed to the ring and sliding freely. laterally in a groove in the tubular spindle
of the hub. The pawls slide over corresponding recesses which form an internal
ratchet affixed to and turning with the pinion block. Thus the ring and pawlś
turn forwards with the hub whilst the ratchet turns backwards with the pinion
block.. At the same time the key, the ring; the pawls, and also the ratchet; are quite
free in conjunction with the pinion block to slide laterally along the hub. On
forward pedalling, the pawls engage with their corresponding recesses.
Similarly the ratchet may be on the ring and the pawls on the pinion block.
Also a friction clutch or any other form of clutch may be employed between
the sliding ring and the pinion block.
I now employ a pinion block (recessed for the clutch when the clutch is within
the pinion block) and bolted to one of the pinions; the other pinions can be
screwed on the pinion block.
The largest pinion may be placed between the other pinions which is more
suitable for the chain lifters than when it is placed on the outside.
I may employ a bent washer inside the usual outside nut on the back wheel
spindle this washer is bent so as to form a stop for the leading or following
limb of the chain lifter when in use.
I may employ a bell crank lever pivotted to the frame of the machine con-
tiguous to the crank shaft and within the radius of the pedal crank. One armi
of the bell crank lever is connected to a brake which may be of any suitable
kind on the back wheel. The other arm is in close proximity to the pedal
preferably on the down stroke and is made of such a length that the lever can
be instantly actuated by the foot and preferably of such a length that its end
is within the radius of the pedal crank.
The drawings illustrate a bicycle made in accordance with this invention.
Figure 1 is a side elevation of a bicycle with the brake omitted. Figure 2
is a part side elevation. Figure is a part plan. Figure 4 is a section through
the hub of the driven wheel and Figure 5 is a section on the line - Figure 4.
all made to a larger scale.
1 is the pedal axis, 2, 2 are the pedals. 3 is the chain wheel on the pedal
axis. 4 is the endless driving chain. 5, 5. 5. are three chain pinions sliding
on the tubular spindle 6 of the driven wheel. 7 and S are the two limbs of the
chain lifter turning on the solid spindle 6* of the same wheel.
9 is the jockey wheel on the arm 10 pivotted to a projecting piece 11. The
arm 10 has a short arm 12 fixed to it. A spring 13 secured at one end to the
frame of the machine and at the other to the arm 12 always tends to make the
jockey wheel take up the slack of the chain.
A spring 14 attached to and lying under the lower back stay is connected by
a cord 15 to the leading limb 7 of the chain lifters, by means of which spring
the chain lifter always returns to its position of rest.
The cord 16 for raising the leading limb is attached to it and is lapped partially
around the loss of the arm 17 of the limb. The cord passes round a roller 18
to the handle 19
The pinions 5 are moved laterally upon the spindle 6 by means of the bell
crank lever 20 pivotted at 21 to the lower back stay and engaging with a flange 22
on the block 23 carrying the pinions 5, by means of jaws 24. 24
The bell crank lever 20 which is shown separately in Figure 7, has as I
prefer to construct it two jaws engaging with the pinion block.
The lever 20 is actuated by means of a cord 25 which is connected through
a bell crank 26 to the lever 27 pivotted to the frame at 28.
The lever 27 and the handle 19 above mentioned act in the same way and are
similar to those shown in my Specification No. 1570%.
A spring 29 acts on the lever 20 and always tends to place the inside pinion
in gear.
The pinion block gears with the spindle G by means of pawls 30 attached to a

page_text: ring 31 and engaging with ratchet teeth 32 on the pinion block. The ring 31
is secured to the spindle 6 by a key 33 which is free to slide laterally in the
groove 34 in the spindle thus allowing either of the pinions to be moved into
the operative position.
Referring to the pinion block the pinions are screwed onto the block first tho
smallest then the largest, there being a distance piece 35 between them and lastly
the intermediate pinions. The pinion block may be made as is shown in Figure 6
in which one of the pinions is made in one piece with the block and the others
are screwed on as before.
A bent washer 36 is provided to form a stop for one of the limbs of the chain
lifter.
A brake 37 which may be made in accordance with my previous Specification
No. 167157 and acting on the rim of the driven wheel is connected to one arm 38
of a bell crank which is pivotted to the frame at a point 39 which is contiguous
to the crank shaft and within the radius of the pedal crank.
The other arm 40 of the bell crank which is operated by the foot of the rider
is in close proximity to the pedal and its end 41 is within the radius of the pedal
crank as is shown in Figure 3.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is―
1. Pivotting the arm carrying the jockey wheel to the frame at a point below the
crank axle bracket substantially as described.
2. The combination of an arm carrying a jockey wheel, another arm fixed to
it and a spring acting in the manner described.
3. The chain lifter gear substantially as described in the specification and
illustrated in the drawings.
4: Actuating the pinions by means of a lever which is pivotted to the lower
back stay substantially as described.
5. The pinion blocks substantially as described and illustrated in the drawings.
6. The combination of a ring free to slide along but turning with the spindle
of the driven wheel and a clutch by means of which the ring is geared to the
pinion block substantially as described.
7. Means for connecting the pinion block with the driven wheel substantially
as described and illustrated in the drawings.
8. Actuating a brake by means of a foot lever pivotted to the frame of the
machine at a point within the radius of the pedal crank substantially as described.
9. Actuating a brake by means of a foot lever whose operative arm is in close
proximity to the pedal and of sucli a length that its end is within the radius
of the pedal crank substantially as described.
10. Actuating a brake by means of a foot lever pivotted to the frame of the
machine at a point within the radius of the pedal crank and whose operative arm
is of such a length that its end is within the radius of the pedal crank substan-
tially as described.
Data 1 041
C
1000