IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING TO AND FROM DRIVERS, CONDUCTORS, AND GUARDS OF RAILWAY ووAL
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Josepli Kellow, of Gresham House, Old Broad
Street, in the City of London, and of Bodmin, in the County of
Cornwall, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR
SIGNALLING TO AND FROM DRIVERS, CONDUCTORS, AND GUARDS OF RAILWAY
وو
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Kalow at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, ou the
2nd October 1874.
I, JOSEPH KELLOW, of Gresham House, Old Broad Street, in the City
of London, and of Bodmin, in the County of Cornwall, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR SIGNALLING TO AND PROM DRIVERS, CONDUCTORS, AND GUARDS OF RAILWAY TRAINS
FOR THE PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing apparatus for signalling in such
manner that intelligence shall be readily and speedily communicated
between a station and a train in progress.

page_text: A lever, lever handle, hand wheel, or other actuating contrivance is
fitted on the platform or other convenient part of the station, and is
connected by a chain or other suitable connection or attachment with
levers, spring levers, or other readily moveable or workable instruments
disposed at intervals along the line of the permanent way. The levers
or moveable appliances on the permanent way when brought into action
from the station in the manner described work gongs, bells, or other
signalling appliances fitted in the guards' van or other part or clement
of the train.
The apparatus may be arranged in such manner that it can work
otherwise than by mechanical means.
For instance, electricity or other means may be used for lighting a
lamp on the engine when the appliance at the station is worked.
My Invention as above described is applicable for signalling from the
train to the station, as well as from the station to the train.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Joseph Kellow in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 2nd April 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
KELLOW, of Gresham House, Old Broad Street, in the City of London,
and of Bodmin, in the County of Cornwall, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Second day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Joseph Kellow, Her special licence that
I, the said Joseph Kellow, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Joseph Kellow, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING
TO AND FROM DRIVERS, CONDUCTORS, AND GUARDS OF RAILWAY TRAINS FOR THE

page_text: PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS,- AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Joseph Kellow, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Kellow, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to
say :-
This Invention consists in constructing apparatus for signalling in such
manner that intelligence shall be readily and speedily communicated
between a station and a train in progress.
A lever, lever handle, hand wheel, or other actuating contrivance is
according to my Invention fitted on the platform or other convenient
part of the station, and is connected by a wire, a chain, or other suitable
connection or attachment with levers, spring levers, or other readily
moveable or workable instruments disposed at intervals along the line of
the permanent way. The levers or moveable appliances on the permanent
way when brought into action from the station work gongs, bells, or other
signalling appliances fitted in the guard's van or other part of the
train.
The apparatus may be arranged in such manner that it can be worked
otherwise than by mechanical means; for instance, electricity or electro-
galvanism may be used for lighting a lamp on the engine or for signalling
or conveying intelligence in other modes or by other means when the
appliance at the station is worked.
I proceed with reference to the accompanying Drawings to exemplify
in what manner the Invention may be carried into practical effect.
For convenience and elucidation of description I wish it to be under-
stood that the arrangement or combination of apparatus which I proceed
to describe consists of (1) an apparatus or portion of apparatus fitted at
the station, and which I call the "station apparatus;" (2) of apparatus

page_text: or portion of apparatus fitted at intervals on the line or permanent way,
and which I call the "line apparatus;" (3) of an apparatus or portion
of apparatus attached to the locomotive or other convenient vehicle or
part of the train, which I call "the train apparatus ; and (4) of an
electric or electro-magnetic or electro-galvanic apparatus, which I call
the "electric apparatus," and which is shewn coloured red in the
Drawings. The preceding three apparatuses are shewn coloured blue in
the Drawings, and are mechanical apparatus.
Figure 1 is a side elevation of the train (mechanical) apparatus,
shewing also a portion of the line apparatus in contact therewith.
Figure 2 is a detached view in elevation of a portion of the train
apparatus, shewing the lever guide or quadrant C.
Figure 3 is a side elevation and Figure 4 front end elevation of a loco-
motive provided with the train apparatus. In Figure 4 a part or end
view of the line apparatus is also shewn.
At the station I fit a wheel connected with a drum worked by a ratchet
or other lever or handle, or a crab, winch, or equivalent contrivance may
be used.
1
1
A is a wheel forming part of the line apparatus. It is furnished with
a pin or pins B for actuating a spring lever a fastened on the axis I 2
herein-after referred to.
D is a wire, cord, chain, or band, which, to avoid repetition and for con-
venience of description, I call “wire” only. This wire is connected with
the station apparatus above described, and with the wheel A, and it is
carried along the line to any desired part or parts thereof. This wire is 2
carried over friction or guide pulleys at intervals on the line or permanent
way. At a convenient part of the length or course of the wire I connect
it with the line apparatus, which communicates with the pulleys, round
or over which the wire passes, so that when the wire is moved by the
station apparatus the rising or moveable portion of the line apparatus is
actuated and lifted into a position different from that which it occupies
when in a state of rest.
The line apparatus consists of an iron or other rigid plate G (fitted at
the side or other convenient part of the railway), and to this plate Gare
attached rests, pedestals, bearings, or blocks H, which carry one or more
axes I, which are provided with other appendages, as, for instance, a
horizontal lever slide or bearer J. P is a counterbalance weight mounted.

page_text: on the axis I of the line apparatus to assist in raising the slide J. When
the wire is worked it acts upon any one or all of the above-mentioned
pulleys, and thus communicates motion to the moveable portion of the
line apparatus, which then acts on the suspended portion of the train
apparatus shewn in Figure 2.
The train apparatus is placed in such position that contact between it
and the moveable or working portion of the line apparatus can be readily
effected. This train apparatus consists of an axis K supported in
bearings on a convenient part of the locomotive or other carriage
intended to carry the same. This axis K carries levers, rods, bars, or
arms L attached in such position that contact between them and the
working, rising, or moveable parts of the line apparatus can be readily
ensured when raised by the station apparatus. A whistle T or a gong,
bell, alarm, or other sounding instrument or appliance is fitted in con-
nection with the rods or arms L, so that when contact takes place
between the train apparatus and the line apparatus the said whistle,
gong, bell, or phonetic instrument sounds, and an alarm is given; or an
alarm may be given by using a light, lamp, or illuminating signal
instead of the bell, whistle, gong, or sounding signal or instrument, so
that on contact being effected between the train apparatus and line
apparatus a signal will be produced and repeated as often as contact is
repeated.
I also employ an electro-magnetic or electro-galvanic apparatus, which
is illustrated by red colour on the Drawing. Its object is to communicate
to the station from the train to inform the station official that a signal
has been received by the means above described, and also for other and
even for initiatory purposes. M. is a long hollow rod or tube fitted on
the locomotive or other convenient part of the train, and provided with
a lever or small wheel m combined with a worm or screw. This rod is
attached to a tube N (or lever) by a crank arm n², at the lower end of
which is a pulley or wheel p, which acts as an electro-magnetic con-
ductor.
An electric battery with an electric bell or other signalling appliance
worked by electro-magnetism is fitted to the locomotive. Another
battery is fitted at the station.
Means of electric connection are provided by carrying a wire t or other

page_text: along the line of railway, so that it may be used or acted on as required.
The wire or conductor is extended from station to station, or from and
to such places or parts of the line as may be considered expedient. The
official in charge of the train, when he has to transmit a signal to a
station or other part of the line, can effect this by imparting two or
three revolutions to the wheel m, thereby raising the pulley p, which
acts as a contact maker. Contact is thus formed at once, and con-
nection with the signalling line or conductor is effected, and the required
communication is made.
The electro-magnetic portion of the apparatus herein described in
reference to the Drawings and coloured red, cannot be worked in the first
instance by the official at the station. Connection can only be made
from the train, but when it is made the signalling can be carried on both
to and from the train and to and from the station. The connection,
which as I before observed can only be made from the train, is effected
by turning the wheel which acts upon the worm or screw, so that the
tubular or hollow rods m and n are moved or drawn with it. The vertical
tube carrying the electric pulley is thus raised to a point sufficiently high
to take the weight of the wire, and thereby form a connection with the
station end. A telegram or telegraphic despatch may thus be sent, the
usual instruments being employed.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same may be performed, I declare that I claim the arrange-
ment and combination of apparatus constructed and worked substantially
as herein-before described and for the purpose set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Kellow, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Second day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.
Witness,
E. DE PASS,
Patent Office,
68, Fleet Street,
London.
J. KELLOW. (L.S.)