Improvements in Gas Burners.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Dec., 1895-Accepted. 18th Jan., 1896
Improvements in Gas Burners.
JOHN FOYSTER BURGESS 85 Reighton Road Upper Clapton in the County of
Middlesex Writer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to the construction of convertible "gas burners" that can
be used as Argand type, to burn pure gas. Or by simply opening air valve they
can be used as atmospheric burners, to heat any suitable substance to incan-
descence.
I
And it also embodies the conversion or application of these methods or
functions, applied to other burners of similar types, which would improve their
features so as to enhance their luminous powers and their economical virtues if
adopted or applied.
It also relates to its special means of conversion when in use for incandescent
purposes when the incandescent medium fails or is destroyed; by simply closing
air valve a highly luminous flame of Argand type is produced which is hereinafter
described, and a valve illustrated.
In the accompanying drawing the figures are described as follows :-
Fig. (1) is a general view of said convertible burner, draught plate, & tubular
air cock, complete.
Fig. (2) is a sectional elevation of said burner, plate and cock.
Fig. (3) is a sectional elevation of said burner at right angles to Figure (2).
Fig. (4) is an elevation of Y or breeches pipe or conveyor, hereinafter described,
and centre stop and air pipe.
Fig. (5) is a sectional plan of tubular air cock, showing valve closed for air
inlet.
Fig. (6) is a view of tubular air cock valve, showing air holes, perforations, or
ports.
Fig. (7) is a plan of Y or breeches pipe (Fig. 4) showing how the stop pipe
closes the remaining space left in tubular Y piece.
Fig. (8) is the lever or handle of tubular air cock.
Fig. (9) is the top platform of wire gauze.
}
Fig. (10) is the under platform of wire gauze, composed of one or more pieces
for distributing supplies from Y piece.
The burner (Fig. 1) consists of an arrangement of tubes through which pure
gas or a mixture of gas and air are conducted, either for a luminous flame or a
non-luminous atmospheric flame.
A special feature of the burner is its adaptability to burn or heat to incan-
descence a substance in the shape of a pear, or various shapes, in the middle
space within the annular flame, the said substance herein called and termed a
"centre-piece" or "core."
It can also be used to heat to incandescence at one and the same time a core in
the middle space within the annular flame, and a mantle on the exterior of the said
flame, thus producing an enormous amount of light. For this said purpose the
core or mantle can be fitted separately, or they can be made and used in one
piece.
Also its adaptability to be converted to an Argand type burner, by the tubular

page_text: .
air cock (Fig. 5) or valve of similar functions hereinafter described, thus giving
a highly luminous flame.
Fig. (2) consists of exterior tube (a) which slides over the Y or breeches pipe
or conveyor (b) thus forming gas chamber (s) as at (Figs. 2 & 3).
The bottom of the said tube (a) is perforated and slotted as shown (c) for the
purpose of fitting easily and firmly into hole in centre of draught regulator
plate (x); also for supplying air in conjunction with regulating plate (x) to
either atmospheric or luminous flame. This tube (a) is fitted with a cap (d) to
hold or fasten the top platform gauze (e) as at (Fig. 9) on the outside edge, the
inside edge being turned round as at (f) leaving a hole to fit centre stop or air
tube (g) at top.
Fig. (4) is the centre pipe (b) terminating at the top in a Y piece or two way
pipe this has a central boss for holding core or other suspender (h) as at (Figs. 2
3 & 4) and the said two way pipe is fitted at the top with the centre stop or air
pipe, which is somewhat smaller than tube (a) at its top as at (9) and in such
manner that the bottom flange (i) and the sides of Y piece (b) fit exactly the
inside of outer tube (a) and form a complete circle in plan as shown at (Fig. 7).
Over the top or outlets of Y piece (b) inside chamber (s) as at (;) is fitted the
under platform of wire gauze as shown at (Fig. 10) which is made in one or more
pieces as convenient.
The lower end of centre pipe or continuation of Y or breeches pipe (6) is screwed
to fit into the tubular air cock as at (k). This cock or valve consists of a spherical
or other shaped piece convenient for conveying gas round the seating as at (r) the
ends of cock are provided with sockets for attaching to Y piece and pin burner as
at (m&k) respectively.
The tubular seating consists of a piece of tube (Fig. 5) through which holes or
ports are cut in each side as at (n & n¹) this seating is secured to body of cock (2)
and is made tubular for convenience of construction.
The tubular conical or parallel valve is a tube (o) which fits tube seating (l) and
allows said valve tube (o) to rotate and move round by means of the handle (p)
which is secured to end of tube (o). In tube (o) are holes cut each side (q & q¹) to
correspond, match or coincide with holes (n & n¹) in tubular seating (1) so that
when in that position air is freely supplied to the Y or breeches piece through the
valve (o) in the direction of arrows (t) and through the holes (n & g) described.
And it can be stopped at will by turning the handle (p) so that ports or
perforations do not coincide thus stopping supply of air from mixing with the gas
for atmospheric purposes.
The cock or other valve is adaptable for special use to prevent gas lighting down
to pin burner (m) when used as atmospheric thus, for lighting the burner, the
valve is shut and the gas is lit at the top, then the valve is opened and air is thus
allowed to pass into tube and mix with the gas to any extent. If the gas lights
down on pin burner when the valve is open, by simply closing & opening the
valve the gas will be extinguished at pin burner and the main burner will adopt
its ordinary functions.
The valve of these burners can be made in various forms other than the one
shown in drawing, but this one is selected to simply show one type of valve
applicable for convertible gas burners. And to illustrate functions claimed.
The plate () (Figs. 1 & 2) I term a draught regulating plate: its special
features are as follows:-
When the chimney is inserted and held in position by forks (y) its base rests on
the top of plate (x) thus reducing to a minimum the flow of air through the
chimney outside the flame, which in ordinary burners is indefinite, it now with this
draught regulator plate is made definite and only a correct amount supplied by
holes in said plate and that supplied through holes (c) in tube (a) thus, by virtue
of the heat of the flame the natural draught for luminous lighting herein described,
and also for atmospheric is nearly all passed up space (v) forming an annular flame
for complete combustion on top of gauze (e).

page_text: This is my special feature for incandescent lighting with cores or centre-pieces,.
because the burner herein described, produces an annular flame of intense heat, and
that it is of such a nature that it will heat to incandescence suitable material in its
centre space within the said annular flame.
When the valve (o) is closed no air can enter base of tube (b). The gas is
supplied by pin burner (m) the pure gas then passes up the Y or breeches piece (b)
into gas chamber (s) and is spread & diffused by the wire gauze distribution (w)
to wire gauze platform (e) from which the gas issues forming when ignited an
Argand type or annular flame, the outer tube (a) being open at its base & the
centre stop or air tube (g) being open at both ends, it leaves a space right through
the outer tube (a) by virtue of centre stop or air tube (g) being open at both ends.
Through the space (v) the air ascends into the middle space within the Argand
type or annular flame, & this air as well as that which is supplied from the outside,.
serves for the complete combustion of the gas, thus practically destroying the
non-luminous portion of the flame by the great amount of oxygen which is passed
through the centre of the flame by virtue of regulating plate (x) thus producing a
brilliant Argand type or annular flame, suitable for all lighting purposes, at the
same time consuming considerably less gas than other burners giving the same.
degree of light.
When the valve (o) is open, that is when the ports (n & n¹) coincide with (q & q'),.
the gas is supplied by pin burner (m) hereinbefore mentioned and the air goes in
through the air inlet holes and mixes with the gas, as both ascend together through
Y piece or breeches tube (b) to chamber (s) where it is thoroughly mixed and
equally distributed by wire gauze (w) to wire gauze platform (e) from which the
gas and air mixture issues and forming when ignited an annular flame, there being
the space (v) herein before mentioned, through the outer tube and centre stop or
air tube; air ascends through this space (v) into the middle space within the annular
flame, and this air as well as that which is supplied from the outside, serves for the
complete combustion of the gas by the great amount of oxygen that is passed up
the space (v) into the middle of the flame by virtue of the regulating plate (a) thus
producing a non-luminous flame of a good shape and a high degree of heat.
It may be applied with advantage for many heating purposes but is especially
applicable as above stated, to heating to incandescence a core or centre-piece, or
any other form of contrivance used for incandescent lighting by gas burners, at
the same time consuming considerably less gas than other burners producing an
equal degree of light.
The particular functional principles of this burner can also be applied to other
burners not convertible; both Argand type & atmospheric or Bunsen burners.
When the above principles are used in the construction of Argand type burners
for burning pure gas and are not convertible, they have the advantage of being
supplied with gas jet from pin burner (m) at the base of gas conveying stem (b)
the gas is then so thoroughly diffused through the burner as herein before
mentioned, that it produces an Argand type or annular flame of great brilliancy
and economy, as above mentioned in functions of convertible burner used as Argand
type burner.
When the above principles are used in the construction of atmospheric or Bunsen
type burners for burning a mixture of gas and air, and are not convertible, they
have the advantage of a good central air supply by virtue of the air regulating
plate (c) and the space (v) through outer cover (a) and centre stop or air tube,
thus destroying the centre part of flame as contained in ordinary burners of this
type; at the same time creating an inner surface of great heat within the annular
flame, which has but little luminosity, and is especially applicable to heat to
incandescence a core or centre-piece, or any other medium that is used for
producing incandescent light by atmospheric gas burvers.
It can also be used for various heating purposes, with the same economy as stated
herein before with reference to convertible burners used as atmospheric.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
(1) The construction and use of convertible gas burners with the combination of
Argand & atmospheric principles, substantially as described with reference to the
accompanying drawing.
(2) The construction and use of Argand type burners that embody one or more
of the special functions substantially as described with reference to the accom-
panying drawing.
(3) The construction and use of atmospheric burners that embody one or more
of the special functions substantially as described with reference to the accom-
panying drawing.
Dated this 2nd day of December 1805