matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING COMMUNICATION BETWEEN GUARDS, PASSENGERS, AND DRIVERS ON. RAILWAYS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Kibble at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
January 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
1, HENRY KIBBLE, of Guildford, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OBTAINING COMMUNICATION BETWEEN GUARDS, PASSENGERS, AND DRIVERS ON.
RAILWAYS" to be as follows:-
I purpose fixing a metallic tube either on the roof or inside the roof
of railway carriages, such tube being similar to the speaking pipes in
ordinary use in factories, &c. From this tube another passes into any
portion of the interior of the carriage (where the privilege of speaking
to the guard, &c. is conceled to the passengers), the end whereof is
The
furnished with a mouth piece and slide in the usual manner.
tube will project a few inches, more or less, beyond the front and rear
of the carriage, and its ends will be furnished with a screw and joint,
either similar to those used for the hose of fire engines or of any other

page_text: desirable description. Suppose two carriages to be just coupled together
by the usual coupling irons, the ends of the communication tube will
project a little from the rear of one carriage and the front of the other.
I purpose connecting these two ends by a tube of vulcanized india-
rubber, gutta-percha, or any other suitable material, (at present I prefer
gutta-percha, as the inner surface of the tube is drawn so very smooth,)
using sufficient tube to allow of its bagging, or, in other words, using
more tube than a straight line from end to end of the metallic tube
would require, in order that the lateral jerks incidental to railway
carriages in travelling may be provided for. On stopping the train the
contracted space between the carriages will, from the elasticity of the
tubing used between the carriages, do it no harm. From the first
carriage, horse box, or luggage van (I mean the vehicle next after the
tender) the elastic tube may be supported by standards or otherwise to
carry it near the driver. I need scarcely describe the modus operandi,
which is simply, in case of danger or illness, to open the slide of the
mouth piece and call to the guard, where passengers are allowed to
use the conductor; or the guard will call the attention of the driver in a
similar manner, using, if need be, in tunnels, &c. a whistle inserted in
the tube to attract attention, in the first place; or even, under extra-
ordinary circumstances, a pistol loaded with powder only might be fixed
into the mouth piece. In changing, removing, or adding vehicles to a
railway train, the man who lisconnects and connects the coupling irons
would do the same office for the elastic tubing, and this without
adding more than a minute to his labor for each vehicle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FINGER-KEYED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1853

page_text: vention received
ovisional Erotection,
notice proceed
with the application for Letters Patent was not given within the time
prescribed by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Constant Busson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th November 1853.-A communication.
I, CONSTANT BUSSON, Manufacturer, of Paris, in the French Empire,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FINGER-KEYED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of an improved portable musical instrument
of that class of finger-keyed instruments in which the sound is
produced by the vibration of metal tongues acted upon by currents of
air, and which instrument is furnished not only with bellows, but also
with a wind chest, from which the air to act on the tongues, which are
arranged in two parallel boards, is drawn, the advantage of this con-
struction being that when any particular finger-key is acted upon, the
note produced is at all times the same, in which respect the instrument
differs from the ordinary accordeon. The instrument is also furnished
with two vibrating tongues to each finger-key, which may either be

page_text: both in action at one time, or may act singly, according to the
character and intensity of the sound which the player may desire to
produce. The instrument is also arranged so as to fold into a smaller
space when out of use than that which it occupies when in action.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING DRAINS IN LAND
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Paul at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
January 1858.
(Foil by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, JOSEPH PAUL, of 7, Prairie, Lowestoft, in the County of Suffolk,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING DRAINS IN LAND" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of constructing a machine with a line of
stampers, each formed at its lower end of the form of the desired drain.
These stampers being allowed to fall repeatedly on to the land penetrate
to any desired depth. The carriage is then moved a distance equal to
the length of the line of stampers, and the stampers are again and
again allowed to fall till another length of drain is completed; or, in
place of depending on the gravity of the stampers, mechanical means
may be added to force the stampers to penetrate into the land.
A NEW REGULATING BIT
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Casimir Noël, of Paris, in the Empire of
France, and of 16, Castle Street, Holborn (City), London, for the
Invention of "A NEW REGULATING BIT."
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Casimir Noël at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 28th January 1858, pursuant to the 9th
section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
I, CASIMIR NOEL, of Paris, in the Empire of France, and of 16,
Castle Street, Holborn, City, London, do hereby declare the nature of
my Invention for "A NEW REGULATING BIT" to be as follows:-
The new bits differ essentially from all previously known by their
shape, and by the manner in which they act. The mouthpiece has a
slightly elevated cavity for the tongue, so as not to injure the palate of
the animal; at the upper part of this cavity is a crescent c, c, of which
the ends are rounded off in the shape of knobs or balls. These, when
the bit is made to act slightly, press and tittilate the membrane which
covers the roof of the mouth, and which immediately cause the lower
jaw to drop, and thus dispose the horse to submit without resistance
to the action of the bit. These new bits, far from being painful, cause
a pleasurable sensation to the horse.

page_text: The Figures of the annexed Drawing represent models of the new
regulation bit, and shew the principle of the Invention. By this
system of regulation bits horses may easily be broken in.
Figure 1, regulating bit, composed of the mouthpiece A, the cavity
B, and above the mouthpiece the crescent C, which latter is the prin-
cipal feature of the new bits. The object of this crescent is to obtain
momentarily a slight friction on the anterior dental intervals of the
horse. At this slight friction the contraction of the muscles of the
horse's mouth disappears, the horse experiences a pleasing sensation
which makes him yield to the pressure of the hand. The under jaw
drops, and thus is obtained a complete mastery of the animal's move-
ments. The bit of Figure--1, is with a snaffle without a curb; the top
of the. bit is made fast by a small leather strap.
Figure 2, represents the same bit without the snaffle..
Figure 3, represents the same bit, only the branches of the bit are
replaced by two circular pieces, of which the object is to make the
interior 'apparatus A, B, C, (Figure 1) turn as much as may be
required in the horse's mouth. This bit may be used for saddle and
draught horses, and employed conjointly with the cross reined bridle.
I claim the crescent, which may be made of any suitable shape,
retaining the principle herein described..
In witness whereof, I, the said Casimir Noël, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of January, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
CASIMIR NOËL. (L.B.)
Taken and acknowledged. by Casimir Noël (party hereto) at
Paris, in the Empire of France, this Fourteenth day of
January 1853.
(L.S.) THOMAS PICKFORD.
Her Britannic Majesty's Consul at Paris.
AN IMPROVED FRUIT-CLEANING MACHINE
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Symes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 18th August 1853.
T, WILLIAM SYMES, of Pimlico, in the County of Middlesex, Gen-
tleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED FRUIT-CLEANING MACHINE" to be as follows:-
Upon a rocking frame I rivet, screw, or otherwise fasten an oblong
shallow box, partially open at top, with a bottom formed of galvanized
wires of different gauges, and placed at intervals from cach other
according to the fruit to be cleaned, larger wires and further apart for
such fruits as raisins, and smaller wires and closer together for such
sultana raisins, &c. Into these wires and across them are woven or
otherwise fixed rows of spikes or projections, rising from about half an
inch to two inches from the bed of wires. The wire bottoms or beds
are made-moveable, so that they may be changed at pleasure according
to the fruit to be cleaned. The operation is as follows:-The fruit,
supposing it to be raisins, is placed into the machine, which is then put
in motion or rocked by an attendant; the rows of teeth, studs, or spikes
lay hold of the stalks and separate them from the fruit, while at the

page_text: same time portions of stalks and other impurities fall through the inter-
stices in the wire bed. The remaining portions of the stalks are
collected by band from the wire work, and the raisins are discharged
through a door provided for the purpose in one end of the box.
AN ILLUMINATED NIGHT CLOCK
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Abraham Anton Meijsenheijm Knipsehaar, of
the Hague, in the Kingdom of Holland, an Officer in the General
Accounts Office there, for the Invention of "AN ILLUMINATED
NIGHT CLOCK."
Sealed the 27th May 1858, and dated the 21st January 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Abraham Anton
Meijsenheijn Knipsehaar at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st January 1858.
1, ABRAHAM ANTON MEIJSENHEIJM KNIPSEHAAR, of the Hague,
in the Kingdom of Holland, an Officer in the General Accounts
Office there, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN ILLUMINATED NIGHT CLOCK" to be a method of constructing

page_text: a receptacle which, being supplied with oil, will not only afford a
night light, but by means of certain apparatus connected with the
surface of the oil, and the hand of a dial plate to be affixed to the
receptacle itself, cause the hand as the oil is consumed to pass round
the face of the dial at an equal and measured rate, and thus denote
the time.
THE APPLICATION OF RETORTS IN GAS OVENS OR OTHER OVENS, AND OF GAS OVENS OR OTHER OVENS WHICH ARE CONSTRUCTED AS RETORTS, TO THE PROCESS OF IMPROVING IRON AND CONVERTING IRON INTO STEEL
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Walker Stephens, of Edinburgh, in
the County of Edinburgh, in that part of the United Kingdom
⚫ called Scotland, for the Invention of "THE APPLICATION OF RETORTS
IN GAS OVENS OR OTHER OVENS, AND OF GAS OVENS OR OTHER OVENS
WHICH ARE CONSTRUCTED AS RETORTS, TO THE PROCESS OF IMPROVING
IRON AND CONVERTING IRON INTO STEEL."
Sealed the 14th June 1853, and dated the 18th April 1853.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Walker
Stephens, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition and Declaration, on the 18th April 1853, pursuant to the
9th Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
I, WILLIAM WALKER STEPHENS, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Juvention for "THE APPLICATION OF RETORTS IN GAS OVENS OR OTHER
OVENS, AND OF GAS OVENS OR OTHER OVENS WHICH ARE CONSTRUCTED AS
RETORTS, TO THE PROCESS OF IMPROVING IRON AND CONVERTING IRON INTO
STEEL," to be as follows:-

page_text: A. considerable improvement upon the present method of converting
iron into steel, as respects the time necessary for the process. The iron
being put into and taken out of the retorts or ovens while they are at
a high heat, all the time is saved which is taken by the present method
in the lengthsome process of gradually heating and of gradually cooling
the metal, a time averaging many days. This new method offers
further the advantage of subjecting the iron to a nicer chemical action
than in the common method; the retorts or ovens being more con-
veniently available for chemical operation than the present cumbersome
structures, and possessing greater facility of treating the metal in the
different stages of the process, whether of partially or wholly converting
it into steel, according to the precise quality of manufacture desired.
In the case of gas retorts, or of gas ovens constructed as retorts, it is
intended to use such retorts or ovens as are at the time unemployed in
the making of gas; and another advantage of the Invention consists in
the employing to purposes of great public utility machinery that would
otherwise be quite unproductive.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Walker Stephens, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of April, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
three.
WM W. STEPHENS.
(L.S.)
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SWORDS, BAYONETS, AND SWORD-BAYONETS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Reeves at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
November 1853.
..
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, CHARLES REEVES, junior, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF SWORDS, BAYONETS, AND SWORD-BAYONETS" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of methods of cutting out blanks or pieces of
iron or steel to be converted into swords, bayonets, and sword-bayonets,
or parts of the same. Fig. 1, represents my method of cutting out
blanks for bayonets. The two parts a b, c d, forming two blanks. The
parts a, d, are made into the socket of the bayonet, and the parts b, c,
are made into the blades of the same. By thus cutting out the metal
of which the bayonet is made of one piece the usual welding of the,
blade and socket of the bayonet is avoided. I sometimes make the
parts b, c, shorter, so as to form the neck only of the bayonet, and weld

page_text: the blade thereon so as to avoid one of the two weldings necessary
according to the ordinary method of construction. Fig. 2, illustrates
my method of cutting out blanks for swords and sword-bayonets. e, is
the blade; f, the tang; and g, the hilt or guard;. h, is a piece from
which the part to be used in fastening the sword to a gun barrel is to
be formed. The part of which the blade is to be formed may either be
cut out in one piece with the tang, or be forged on the said tang after
the said tang with the parts g, h, has been cut-out. "The several parts
are afterwards fashioned by stamping, forging, &c. The essence of my
Invention consists in cutting out of iron or steel, and in one piece, the
whole of the metal of which a bayonet or the socket and neck of a
bayonet is to be formed, and the whole of the metal of which a sword
with its hilt or guard and tang and fastening is formed, or the whole of
the said sword, excepting the blade.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY CHAIRS, AND RAILWAY ENGINE CARRIAGE AND WAGGON WHEELS, AND THE MODE OF MANUFACTURING RAILWAY CHAIRS, AND FIXING THE RAILWAY BARS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Poole and James Colquhoun
Kemp at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 8th October 1853.
We, JOHN POOLE, of 11, Friends Place, Peckham, Surrey, and JAMES
COLQUHOUN KEMP, of Highgate, Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY
CHAIRS, AND RAILWAY ENGINE CARRIAGE AND WAGGON WHEELS, AND THE MODE OF
MANUFACTURING RAILWAY CHAIRS, AND FIXING THE RAILWAY BARS," to be as
follows:-
The removal of the whole or great part of one cheek or lug of the present
chairs now used upon railways or other tram roads; the method of fixing the
railway bars or tram plates to the chairs; and an encreased diameter or depth
of the flange of railway engine, carriage, or waggon wheels, and the mode or
process of manufacturing railway chairs.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bryer Nation and
Joseph Dyer at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 12th January 1858.
We, WILLIAM BRYER NATION, of King's Norton, in-the-County of
Worcester, Manufacturing Chemist, and JOSEPH DYER, of Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF SOAP" to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in the preparation of an alkaline solution
from which soap can be more quickly made than by the ordinary
method, and which said solution enables us to make soap by combining
the said solution directly with animal matters, such as the entrails of
animals. The said solution may be made as follows:-We take one part
of slaked lime passed through a sieve of about 80 meshes to the inch.
and add the said lime to four parts of water, to which four parts of
crystallized carbonate of soda or carbonate of potash have been added;
we boil this mixture for about four hours, and when it has cooled re-add
it to the necessary quantity of fat or oil; the mixture must be made
gradually, and the whole stirred during mixing; it is then boiled for an
hour, and is afterwards ready for mixing with rosin or such other

page_text: matters as are usually added to soap. We sometimes filter the
solution from the lime after boiling, in which case we afterwards add
four parts more of water to the said lime, and after boiling and filtering
add the two liquors together, and concentrate them until the specific
gravity is about 1.25, when the liquor may be used as above described.
In making soap from animal matters we proceed as follows:-We take
the entrails of animals cleaned by washing, and cut them into small
pieces, and boil them in water for about two hours; we then pour off
the water, and add to the said animal matter two parts of either of
the before-described solutions to each part of the said animal matter
(weighed before boiling), and we boil the same together till the animal
matter is dissolved; after cooling we add this solution or mixture to a
requisite quantity of fat or oil, and boil the whole together for about
an hour. The soap as produced may be finished in the usual way.
The quantities herein described are parts by weight. We do not
confine ourselves to the exact proportions described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Collins at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the 25th
July 1858.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, JAMES COLLINS, of the City and County of Oxford, Soap Maker.
lo hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in manufacturing paper from flax or hemp
plants. I take flax or hemp as it comes from the field, dry it, and cut
into suitable lengths, bruise or break it, and boil it in a solution of
caustic soda, potash, or pearlash, varying in strength as circumstances
may require (but from 2 to 10 Twaddle, is generally sufficient). The
operation of boiling is continued from 6 to 8 hours, it theu undergoes
the process of being brought into half stuff, and is afterwards subjected
to the action of bleaching, or it may be subjected to the bleaching
process previous to being brought into the state of "half stuff." It
is then finished into paper in the usual way.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GIRDERS, BRIDGES, ROOPS, AND OTHER SUCH LIKE STRUC- TURES
Year: 1853

page_text: with the application for Letters Patent was not given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Britten at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
December 1853.
I, JOHN BRITTEN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GIRDERS, BRIDGES, ROOPS, AND OTHER SUCH LIKE STRUC-
TURES" to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the combining in various ways 'the
elements of two or more distinct girders into one structure. In the
Figures the centre lines only of the structures are shown, hence all
parts appear of the same strength, which would not be the case in
practice. The simplest form of the Invention is shown in Fig. 1, and
consists in the use of two bowstring girders resting on piers at p, p, in
ball and socket joints, and against each other at the apex a, by a hinge
joint.
The roadway shown by the dotted lines r, r, is most conveniently
supported half way between the apex a, and the points of support p.

page_text: The lines c, c, indicate the rods for attaching the roadway, and the
curves or arches d, d, are for the purpose of resisting the vertical strain
produced by the rods c, c; the roadway is firmly braced internally, so
as to secure lateral stiffness, and thereby preserve the girders in their
.proper position. The ball and socket joints at the piers are for the
purpose of preventing any serious consequences resulting in case the
piers should subside in any degree. In Fig. 1 the bracings are inside
the main bearers. Fig. 2 is a similar design, but with the bracings
outside the main bearers, which take the form of a single arch b, b, b, b,
supported at the piers and hinged at the apex, as in Fig. 1. Fig. 8 is
another design. In both the designs, Figs. 2 and 3, increased strength
would be gained if the parts c, 6, were connected together, but in large
structures such an arrangement would prevent the said structure from
accomodating itself to changes of temperature. Fig. 4 may be said
to consist of ten distinct girders a, b, c, d, and e, f, g, h, j, k. In this
and Fig. 5 the bracings are omitted to render the main parts more
distinct. Fig. 5 is another design, which may be said to consist of
three distinct girders a, a, b. b, c, c; one end is firmly attached to the
pier at p, and the other allowed to move under expansion and con-
traction. The whole of the designs are more or less suitable for
suspension bridges and roofs, and their application to such purposes
constitutes part of my Invention. The designs are represented as
borrowing more or less of abutinent from the piers. Where such
abutments cannot be had, as is generally the case in builders' work,
tie rods must be used for the abutments.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OR FINISHING OF TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1853

page_text: time prescribed by the Act.)
I, ROBERT WILSON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Calenderer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OR FINISHING OF TEXTILE FABRICS"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the production of what is known by manu-
facturers as the "elastic finish" on woven goods. The fabric to be
finished according to this plan is hooked by cach selvage to a row of
stenter pins or holders carried on a pair of endless belts or chains
actuated by drums or pulleys in the usual manner; and as the piece
is thus stretched and traversed forward a differential longitudinal forward
motion is given to the fabric by a peculiar action of the chains or stenter
belts. This differential action is obtained by causing an eccentric or
other constant traverse motion to actuate the stenter drums at alternate
differential speeds, so that whilst one pulley is rotating at a high velocity
the corresponding one to which the opposite selvage of the piece is
hooked is rotating at some lower speed. This may be effected under

page_text: one modification by attaching a ratchet wheel movement to each side
of each drum, each ratchet wheel being capable of being actuated by a
toothed rack connected to the continuously revolving eccentric by
a differential system of levers. In this way, as the eccentric revolves,
cach ratchet action alternately works in gear to turn the drum, and slips
out of gear to allow the opposite movement to take effect. Various
mechanical modifications may be adopted for effecting this differential
action, the essential object being the alternate high and low rate of
movement of the opposite selvages.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Pym at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
March 1853.
(This Invention did not proceed, the Law Officer having refused
Provisional Protection.)
I, JOHN PYM, of Pimlico, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PROPELLING SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS" to be as follows:-
I make use of two screws, of any pitch and number and shape of
blades that may be found to answer best in practice. I affix one
screw to a shaft, which passes through a hollow shaft, on which I affix
my second screw. By means of wheel gearing I drive them at the
same speed, or otherwise, and in contrary directions. I provide means
for regulating the distance between the two screws.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LINED GLOVES
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Mills at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
December 1853.
I, THOMAS MILLS, of Leicester, do hereby declare the nature of my
Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LINED GLOVES "
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the improving the manufacture of
gloves, by applying a material or fabric, or linings, which has never
before been used for such purposes, namely, as an imitation of or
substitute for chamois or wash leather, or other more expensive ma-
terial. And the Invention consists of applying calico, whether twilled
or plain, or any other cotton fabric woven in a shuttle loom, having the
surface on one or both sides thereof raised with a nap or pile thereon,
and such material is used by me in the making of linings of gloves, in
the same manner as chamois or wash leather, or other more expensive
fabrics and materials have heretofore been used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES FOR COOKING, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 8th January 1853.-A communication.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, do hereby
leclare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES
FOR COOKING, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar arrangement and construction of
cooking stoves, and consists in forming the stove entirely of cast iron, the
plates forming the sides being clasped together without the aid of rivets
or buttons, or any other fastening; by this means great portability and
facility of erection are obtained. The fire, which is contained at one
end of the stove, heats the whole of the interior; the flame and heated
air circulating either through the various passages in the sides of the
stove, or may be directed at once to the chimney. Either coal or wood
may be employed as fuel in the stove. In using coal a peculiar grate
is employed, the bars of which are made singly in place of being cast
altogether in one piece; by this means they may be raised up singly or

page_text: in pairs according to the size of coals employed. Should wood be used,
a second grating is placed above the last-mentioned one. The flame
and smoke may be separated on leaving the fire, the former circulating
through the stove for the purpose of effectually heating all the parts,
and the latter made to pass directly to the chimney. The stove contains
a chamber which may be used either as an oven or for the boiling or
frying of meats. A boiler for heating water is contained in a portion
of the stove. The fire door opens down to a horizontal position so as
to afford a support for anything requiring heating, and admit of the
roasting of a joint of meat.
IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SODA-ASH OR CARBONATE OF SODA FROM COMMON SALT
Year: 1853

page_text: Middlesex, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for an "IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SODA-ASH OR CARBONATE OF
SODA FROM COMMON SALT" to be as follows:-The Invention consists of
a new mode of decomposing common salt by means of the joint action
of certain metallic substances and water, subject to certain arrange
ments as to temperature, the admission or exclusion of atmospheric
air, and the arrangement of the metallic substances employed in the
process, by which caustic soda is obtained, which can then be con-
verted into carbonate of soda by means well known to chemists.

page_text: AMENDED PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
The object of the Invention is to obtain caustic soda from or by
means of the decomposition of common salt, which is afterwards con-
verted into carbonate of soda.
For this purpose the salt is dissolved in water, and the solution
placed between two different metals connected together. Iron and
copper would be the metals employed, as being the cheapest.
The decomposition is performed at the expense of the iron, the
copper remaining totally unaffected by it.
The chlorine of the salt combines with the iron, and forms chloride
of iron in solution. The sodium of the salt is set free, and combines
with the oxygen of the water, thus forming caustic soda. This caustic
soda is attracted by the copper, and in order to keep it there separated
from the chloride of iron, a porous diaphragm is placed between the
two metals; the salt solution being on the side where the iron is, and
clean water to receive the soda on the side where the copper is.
The decomposition, however, will not take place unless the four fol-
lowing conditions are attended to :-
Firstly, there must be a mass of iron at least four or five times greater
than is required to be used in the decomposition of a certain quantity
of salt, so as to expose a large surface of iron to the action of the salt
water.
2ndly, the copper plates must be changed from time to time, and
clean ones substituted.
3rdly, the temperature of the place must not be under 60 or above
100 degrees of Farenheit.
4thly, when caustic soda solely is intended to be made, the atmospheric
air must be excluded.
These four conditions being carried out, decomposition takes place,
and caustic soda is obtained, which is afterwards converted into car-
bonate of soda by exposure to the atmosphere.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF TILES FOR ROOFING
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Armand le
Comte de Fontaine Moreau at the Office of the Commis-
sioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th February
1853. A communication.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within
the time prescribed by the Act.)
I, PETER ARMAND LE COMTE DE FONTAINE MOREAU, of the
English and Foreign Patent Office, 4, South Street, Finsbury,
London, and 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for certain "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF TILES FOR ROOFING" to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in constructing tiles having a flat surface
with two channellings, which divide it in nearly five equal parts.
The lower and upper ends of the tile are provided with rims of
about three fifths of an inch; one of these rims projects upwards,
the other downwards, and their clamping together prevents the rain
and snow from oosing between the jointed tiles. Each of the tiles
is provided on its left end with a projecting rim, and on the right
end with a tapering channel, into which the rim of the lower tile
fits, to make a perfect joining.
perfect joining. The channeling covers the jutting
out rim, thereby leaving a sufficient space for the defects arising

page_text: from the warping or cooling. of the tiles. The tiles can be con-
structed of cast iron, plastic clay, gutta percha, or of any other
suitable substances. Figure 1, is a plan of the tile ; Fig. 2, section
taken through the centre; Fig. 3, the tile as seen from below;
Fig. 4, longitudinal section of the tile.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTATORY PUMPS
Year: 1853

page_text: Musto at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 2nd November 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
We, BRAND WILLIS and JOHN MUSTO, both of the East London
Iron Works, Mile End, in the County of Middlesex, Engineers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ROTATORY PUMPS " to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment of a disc or fan composed
of a series of inclined blades or planes, which are fitted on to a suitable
boss, through which passes the main actuating shaft. This disc is
driven at a high velocity within the pump barrel by any suitable
mechanical contrivance, and may be worked either vertically or hori-
zontally, as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1853

page_text: Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 23rd August 1853.-A communication.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, CHARLES COWPER, of 20, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY
OF RAILWAYS" to be as follows:-
Rails are to be made consisting of a broad flange, with a central
part projecting above it, and a similar projection below it, so that it
may be placed with either side uppermost, and the upper projection
then serves for the wheels of the carriage to run upon, while the lower
projection is bedded in the sleeper or bearer, or in the ballast upon
which the broad flange of the rail rests. When the upper projection
has become worn and injured by use the rail may be inverted, and the
lower projection is then brought into use. These rails may also be
turned end for end, or shifted to opposite sides of the line of way, in
order that when one edge of the rail is worn or injured the other edge
may be brought into its place. When it is not required to invert the
S

page_text: rail the lower part may be of different form from the upper part, and
may be employed for preventing any lateral motion of the rail on the
ballast or support. The rails are kept in gauge or at the right distance
apart either by sleepers, or by plain or forked ties of iron, bolted or
otherwise fixed to them. To fix rails upon sleepers or bearers the
bottom of the rail is bedded in a slight recess in the sleeper or bearer,
and a block of wood or iron or other suitable material is fitted to each
side of it, so that one end of each block buts against the side of the
rail, while the other end buts against the end of a recess made in the
sleeper or bearer. Bolts and nuts or screws or other suitable means
are applied for forcing down these blocks, and thus causing them to
grip the rail very firmly between them. When iron blocks are em-
ployed a small key or packing of wood or other elastic material may
be introduced between them and the rail. In some cases the blocks
and rail may be fitted into a metal plate, which may be itself embedded
in or fixed to the sleeper or bearer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Geeves, of the Caledonian Mills,
New Wharf Road, Caledonian Road, in the County of Middlesex,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
BRICKS."
Sealed the 27th August 1853, and dated the 22nd June 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Geeves
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 22nd June 1853.
I WILLIAM GEEVES, of the Caledonian Mills, New Wharf Road,
Caledonian Road, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
BRICKS" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of constructing a carriage to run on a railway,
the carriage being of a rectangular form, and of a depth somewhat
more than equal to that of the bricks to be made. Into the bottom of
this carriage pallets or boards, each of the width of a brick, are to be

page_text: placed, and when perforated bricks are to be made these pallets
or boards are to have as many upright pins or projections as there
are perforations required in the several bricks to be made thereon.
The bottom of the carriage being covered with such pallets or boards,
the brick earth is to be filled into the carriage, and the same is to be
pressed therein in order to fill all parts, and the excess is to be removed
by the carriage moving under suitable cutters or scrapers, and by other
cutters; the brick earth is to be cut longitudinally and transversely
into the sizes of bricks. The bricks thus made are then to be lifted
out of the carriage on the pallets or boards, and to be delivered there-
from; and in order to facilitate the drying and burning I prefer the
spaces between the bricks and the rows of bricks to be filled in with
saw dust where it can be had cheap, which being fired and allowed to
burn slowly dries the brick, or before firing the saw dust immediately,
if the bricks are not sufficiently dry, then they may be allowed to stand
for a time, subject or not to heated air. After which, without moving
the bricks, the spaces between the rows of bricks are to be filled with
breeze, and burned.
CER- TAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN REGULATING THE DRAFT IN CHIMNEYS AND OTHER OUTLETS FOR SMOKE, AIR, AND VAPOURS
Year: 1853

page_text: I, WILLIAM HENHAM, of East Peckham, in the County of Kent,
Farmer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CER-
TAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN REGULATING THE DRAFT IN CHIMNEYS AND OTHER
OUTLETS FOR SMOKE, AIR, AND VAPOURS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in adapting and applying to the top of
chimneys, or hop, malt, and other kilns or buildings, an open frame
carrying a suitably formed plate or dome of greater diameter than the
chimney or other outlet, and elevated the required distance above the
same, the said frame being of greater diameter than the plate or dome,
and a space being left between them; the said open frame also being
covered by wire gauze, or other suitable material, extending above the
top of the frame.
In adapting my Invention to chimneys in particular localities, and
of particular constructions, the dimensions and proportions of the above-
named parts may be varied.

page_text: Also in adapting my Invention to hop, malt, and other kilns or
buildings of various dimensions and constructions, the above-named
parts will be varied so as to insure an adequate discharge of the vapours
as required. In such cases it may be desirable to make larger open-
ings in the apparatus than may be required when it is applied to the
chimneys of houses.
AN IMPROVED SHUTTLE TO BE USED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1853

page_text: John Barnes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 17th October 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
We, WILLIAM SCOWCROFT Low and JOHN BARNES, both of the Village
of Rawtenstall, in the County of Lancaster, Weavers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SHUTTLE TO BE USED
IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING " to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing shuttles with a hinged piece
of metal or finger, which is acted upon by a spring; the use of said
finger being to cut the weft thread when the shed of the warp threads
is intercepted by anything. By this Invention all "floated" cloth will
be prevented, no unweaving of the work will be required, and thus
a great saving of the workman's time will be effected, and also of the
material employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WORKING THE VALVES OF STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1853

page_text: ume prescribed by the Act.)
I, PERCEVAL MOSES PARSONS, of Duke Street, Adelphi, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WORKING THE VALVES OF STEAM
ENGINES" to be as follows:-
I apply my Invention to locomotive engines and other steam engines,
in which two working cylinders are employed to drive the same shaft,
by means of cranks set at right angles, or nearly so, to each other, or
otherwise arranged, so as to produce a similar effect. I construct one
valve box to receive the slide valves of both cylinders. Each slide valve
has a central cavity for the escape of the steam, and a passage through
it at each end for the admission of the steam to the cylinder; and an
additional slide is placed on the back of each slide valve, to serve as an
expansion slide for cutting off the entrance of the steam, as is well
understood by engineers. The slide valves are driven by excentrics or
otherwise, as is well understood.

page_text: Now, my Invention consists in connecting the expansion slide on one
slide valve with the other slide valve, and vice versa. By this arrange-
ment, the same excentrics which give motion to the slide valves also
work the expansion valves, instead of it being necessary to employ
separate excentrics or tappets or other gearing for that purpose.
Where the cylinders are not placed so close together as to be adapted
for the application of a single valve box, they may have separate valve
boxes, and the connection between the expansion slide in one valve box
and the slide valve in the other valve box may be made by means of
rods or levers.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR DRILLING OR BORING ROCKS OR OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES
Year: 1853

page_text: on the 20th June 1853.-A communication.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR DRILLING
OR BORING ROCKS OR OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES" to be as follows:-
The object of the present Invention is to construct and arrange the
several parts of a machine for drilling rocks in such a manner that the
drill may be made to act either vertically, horizontally, or any angle
required, according to the peculiar circumstances of the case, and the
particular direction in which it is required to make the hole.
The whole of the apparatus must be attached to a foundation plate,
which may be mounted on wheels for the convenience of removal from
place to place.
The principal working parts, such as the parts connected with the
drill or borer, are mounted in a swinging frame, so that the drill may

page_text: be inclined and worked at any angle to the horizon. The impact blow
of the drill is given by the force of a spring made cither of metal or
caoutchouc, and the drill is drawn back, either by the power of a small
steam engine or any other suitable motive agent. The drill must, by
means of a ratchet or other suitable mechanical contrivance, be made to
rotate on its axis as the work proceeds, in order to cause the face of the
drill at every blow to strike on a different part of the rock. Convenient
means must of course be provided for feeding forward or advancing the
drill as the drilling or boring operation proceeds, and the mechanical
means for so doing should be so arranged that the speed or amount of
this advance, as well as the rotation of the drilling tool on its axis, may
be regulated at pleasure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ROSES OF DOOR AND OTHER LOCKS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Lambert Hayward
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 8th November 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, EDWARD LAMBERT HAYWARD, of 196, Blackfriars Road, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
ROSES OF DOOR AND OTHER LOCKS" to be as follows:-
This Invention is applicable to those classes of locks which have nobs
and roses, and consists of improvements in the construction of the roses.
For this purpose each rose is constructed of two parts, one of which is
fixed to the door or surface where the kuob comes by screws, such part
being made to project round the opening where the spindle passes, and
against and into this projection the nob passes. The nob is fixed to the
spindle of the lock. The other part of the rose is intended as a cover
to the part which is fixed, and may be ornamented and made of any
suitable material. This outer part of the rose is made to fit on to the

page_text: projecting part of the other or fixed portion of the rose, and the two
parts of the rose are secured together by means of a spring so fixed and
introduced into a groove in one as to project beyond the groove; and
when the two parts of a rose come together the projecting spring enters
into a groove in the other part of the rose, and holds the two parts
together.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING COMMUNICA- TIONS BETWEEN THE GUARD AND ENGINE-MAN OF RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1853

page_text: Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th March 1853.
(This Invention did not proceed to the Great Seal.)
I, JAMES STEVENS, of Darlington Works, Southwark Bridge Road,
in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING COMMUNICA-
TIONS BETWEEN THE GUARD AND ENGINE-MAN OF RAILWAY TRAINS" to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists of a combination of apparatus for facilitating
communications between the guard and engine-man of railway trains.
To each of the carriages is applied a wire, cord, strap, or chain, with
hook connections, capable of entering cach other in only one posi-
tion. On the guard's carriage is applied a barrel and apparatus for
giving motion to these cords, chains, or straps, which apparatus is only
within his reach when in his place; hence he cannot give notice to
the engine-man to go on until he has ascended to his proper position;
such apparatus having means of taking up the slack of the chains,
cords, or bands, consisting of a barrel put in motion by a weight and

page_text: cord, aided by blocks with sheaves. To the tender is applied appa-
ratus, consisting of a bell or gong, a lamp for the night, and a signalling
arm for the day, which are put in motion by the guard, through the
intervention of the cords, straps, or chains. And the guard will know
at all times that the apparatus is in working condition by seeing the
signalling arm or lamp immediately on moving the apparatus, although
he may not hear the bell or gong.