IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TIN, TERNE, AND SIMILAR PLATES, AND IN APPARATUS AND MACHINERY THEREFOR
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Sydney Moreton Phillips, of Abercarn, in the County of
Monmouth, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
TIN, TERNE, AND SIMILAR PLATES, AND IN APPARATUS AND MACHINERY
THEREFOR"
Sealed the 7th March 1879, and dated the 31st December 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Sydney Moreton Phillips at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st December 1878.
SYDNEY MORETON PHILLIPS, of Abercarn, in the County of Monmouth.
"IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TIN, TERNE, AND SIMILAR PLATES, AND IN
APPARATUS AND MACHINERY THEREFOR."
This Invention relates to pickling, swilling, annealing, coating, and cleaning iron,
steel, and other metallic sheets used in the manufacture of tin, terne, and similar
plates. The Invention consists in passing the plates into and through a pickling
chamber of any convenient size and form by means of rolls, one pair or more, or
otherwise, into and through one or more short guides of any suitable number, into
other guides of any suitable number, the latter guide the plates through the acid
and water (which may be heated) pushed by means of vertical conducting bars
from one end of the trough or chamber to the other, and thence over the edge of
and into and through another pot or trough of any convenient size and shape, and
containing a constantly changing body of clean water.
This latter operation
constitutes the swilling process. The duration of the immersion of the plates in
the acid is regulated by the length of the trough, and the speed at which the rolls
are worked. The plates are kept separated by means of a solid or hollow bar or
rod running between guides placed vertically or nearly so one above the other.
This bar has smaller bars or rods projecting from it horizontally or nearly so, acting
as guides and supports to the plates, the number of rods being determined by the
quantity of plates; and said vertical bars may be worked on an endless chain or
Price 8d1

page_text: otherwise. If necessary I also use at each end of the vertical bar small wheels or
rolls to act as runners and assist its progression. For the purposes of annealing
I pass the plates in the manner described in the pickling process, or otherwise pass
them through a chamber of any convenient size and form, and built or made of any
suitable material, in which chamber I cause the plates to be acted upon by hot air.
The plates are passed through with or without machinery into guides of any
suitable number, running parallel or otherwise through the chamber in a sloping or
other position from end to end of the chamber. The guides are enclosed in, one or
more boxes or tubes running longitudinally through the heated chamber, and
projecting if desired into the feeding and cooling chambers. At each end of the
chamber I place a receptacle or chamber carefully made to keep the cold air from
coming in contact with the heated plates. Each chamber is provided with means
of ingress and egress. In the coating process I employ a single metal bath, flat or
of any convenient shape, through which the sheets to be coated are passed vertically
or nearly so from end to end by means of horizontal conducting bars, which may
be worked on and by an endless chain or otherwise. At each end of the said bath
I bolt or otherwise attach feeding and delivery boxes of any suitable form or size,
one at the finishing end to contain the plates or standards which carry or support
the adjustable planishers or scrapers, and also various rolls for feeding the
planishers; others for drawing the plates out of the scrapers and delivering them
out of the bath. The rolls may be hollow or solid, heated or not. The planishers
may be made of any suitable size or shape, hollow or solid, heated or not. I prefer
an oblong shape or nearly so rounded off on the side which comes in contact with
the plates or sheets. One planisher is placed nearly opposite the other, the round
ends nearly touching, or otherwise, as may be convenient, and at any suitable angle,
or straight. All the planishers are adjusted by means of adjusting screws or any
other suitable method, and worked by hand or machinery; or instead of the above
device solid or hollow rolls may be used for planishers. In the cleaning process
I employ a box of any suitable construction or material through which the plates
in any number are made to travel from end to end in a vertical position. In this
box I have plates or standards which carry the rolls, planishers, and polishers. The
plates are put into the box through a suitable opening, the box supplied with rolls
of any number or size; these rolls convey the sheets through bran, sharps, lime,
sawdust, or any other suitable substance or mixture, into and through planishers
having rounded ends, or of any other suitable make (or if necessary I do without
planishers), which coming in contact with the plates removes the cleaning sub-
stance, and also confines said substance to the end of the box; the plates afterwards
enter other rolls which convey and pass them through polishers or cleaners into
further and finishing rolls, which rolls also deliver the plates. The polishers are
made of wood, iron, or any other suitable material of any size or shape, uncovered
covered sheepskins, chamois leather, or any other suitable material; the
polishers work up and down, or have a rotary or other suitable motion imparted to
them by means of suitable machinery. The rolls are placed vertically and may be
made of any suitable material, shape, or size. For the coating and cleaning process
may be used tongs to contain more than one plate, having a reversible plate with
prongs or fingers, curved or otherwise, of any suitable form or size, which slides or
revolves upon another plate having similar prongs reversed. The plates are
fastened together and turn upon a rivet, and are worked by means of a pair of
handles, or otherwise.
ог

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Sydney Moreton Phillips in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
30th June 1879.
SYDNEY MORETON PHILLIPS, of Abercarn, in the County of Monmouth. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TIN, TERNE, AND SIMILAR PLATES, AND IN
APPARATUS AND MACHINERY THEREFOR."
This Invention relates to pickling, swilling, annealing, coating, and cleaning iron,
steel, and other metallic sheets used in the manufacture of tin, terne, and similar
plates. The Invention consists in passing the plates into and through a pickling
chamber of any convenient size and form by means of rolls, one pair or more, or
otherwise into and through one or more feeding guides of any suitable number, into
other conducting guides of any suitable number, the latter guiding the plates
through the acid and water (which may be heated) pushed by means of vertical
conducting bar or bars or carriages, from one end of the trough or chamber to the
other, and thence over the edge of and into and through another bath or trough of
any convenient size and shape, and containing a constantly changing body of clean
water. This latter operation constitutes the swilling process. The duration of the
immersion of the plates in the acid is regulated by the length of the trough and
the speed at which the rolls are worked. The plates are kept separated by means
of solid or hollow bars or rods running between guides placed vertically or nearly
so, one above the other. These bars have smaller bars or rods projecting from them,
horizontally or nearly so, acting as guides and supports to the plates, the number of
rods being determined by the quantity of plates, and said vertical bars may be
worked on an endless chain or otherwise. While the plates are being conveyed
between the acid and water baths, steam is allowed to act upon and between tho
plates by means of pipes placed vertically or otherwise on each side of the chambers
or baths.
If necessary I also use at each end of the vertical bar or bars small
wheels or rolls to act runners and assist their progression. For the purposes of
annealing I pass the plates in the manner described in the pickling process, or
otherwise pass them through a chamber of any convenient size and form, and built
or made of any suitable material, in which chamber I cause the plates to be acted
upon by hot air. The plates are passed through with or without machinery into
guides of any suitable number, running parallel or otherwise through the chamber
in a sloping or other position from end to end of the chamber. The guides are
enclosed in one or more boxes or tubes running longitudinally through the heated
chamber, and projecting if desired into the feeding and cooling chambers. At each
end of the heated chamber I place a receptacle or chamber carefully made to keep
the cold air from coming in contact with the heated plates. Each chamber is
provided with means of ingress and egress. In the coating process I employ a
single metal bath, flat or of any convenient shape, through which the sheets to be
coated are passed vertically or nearly so from end to end by means of horizontal
conducting bars, which may be worked on and by an endless chain or otherwise.
(Or I may pass the plates through horizontally, which would in that case be pushed
by the bar being placed vertically), and deliver the bar when working horizontally out
of the bath by means of an endless band or chain having spikes, said chain working
into or through a suitable guide on each side of the bath. At each end of the said bath
I bolt or otherwise attach feeding and delivery boxes of any suitable form or size,
one at the finishing end to contain the plates or standards which carry or support
the adjustable planishers or scrapers, and also various rolls for feeding the planishers;
others for drawing the plates out of the scrapers and delivering them out of the
bath. The rolls may be hollow, or solid, heated, or not. The planishers may be
made of any suitable size or shape, hollow or solid, heated or not. I prefer an
oblong shape, or nearly so, rounded off on the side which comes in contact with the
plates or sheets. One planisher is placed nearly opposite the other, the round ends

page_text: nearly touching or otherwise, as may be convenient, and at any suitable angle, or
straight. All the planishers are adjusted by means of adjusting screws or any other
suitable method, and worked by hand or machinery; or instead of the above device,
solid or hollow rolls may be used for planishers. In addition to the planishers
described I fix to the standards scrapers having a spring action which also act as
guides to the plates. Under the rolls and side plates or cheeks I place a hollow
bed plate having pipes projecting above the top of the bath on either side of the
finishing part so as to allow a free passage of cool air. In the cleaning process I
employ a box of any suitable construction or material through which the plates in
any number are made to travel from end to end in a vertical position. In this box
I have plates or standards which carry the rolls, planishers, and polishers. The
plates are put into the box through a suitable opening, the box supplied with rolls
of any number or size; these rolls convey the sheets through bran, sharps, lime,
sawdust, or any other suitable substance or mixture into and through planishers
having rounded ends, or of any other suitable make (or if necessary I do without
planishers), which coming in contact with the plates removes the cleaning substance,
and also confines said substance to the end of the box. The plates afterwards enter
other rolls which convey and pass them through polishers or cleaners into further
and finishing rolls, which rolls also deliver the plates out of the box. The polishers are
made of wood, iron, or any other suitable material of any size or shape, uncovered
or covered with sheep skins, chamois leather, or any other suitable material. The
polishers work up and down, or have a rotary or other suitable motion imparted to
them by means of suitable machinery. The rolls are placed vertically, and may be
made of any suitable material, shape, or size. For the coating and cleaning process
may be used tongs to contain more than one plate, having a reversible plate with
prongs or fingers curved or otherwise of any suitable form or size which slides or
revolves upon another plate having similar prongs reversed. The plates are fastened
together and turn upon a rivet and are worked by means of a pair of handles or other-
wise. In the accompanying Drawings in Sheet 1, Figure 1 is a sectional side elevation;
Figure 2, a plan; Figure 3, end view; and Figure 4, cross section through middle
of Figure 1; Figures 5 and 6 details of carriage E. A is the bath for containing
the acid and water; B, water or swilling bath; C, the longitudinal conducting
guides for carrying the plates; d, d, the top and bottom rail for the carriage E to
run between; E, the vertical conducting bars or carriages for pushing and supporting
the plates. F, F, show the rollers for feeding the movable guides H; H, the movable
feeding guides through which the plates pass, and which deliver them into the spaces
of the stationary guides C upon receiving its (movable guides) motion by means of
the rod I from the eccentric J (which may be intermediate or not). K is the shaft
upon which the eccentric revolves; L, the pulley driving the shaft K; M, is the
shaft carrying the arms N, N, as shewn, which arms push the carriage E; O is a
box frame-work for carrying the whole of the machinery, as shewn in Figures 1, 2,
and 3; P, a wheel for moving the guide C³, which may be worked by a lever or
otherwise. In the process of pickling, the plates are first pushed into the rollers F, F,
and are by them delivered into the movable feeding guides H, which upon receiving
its motion from the rod I and the eccentric J conducts the plates into the spaces of the
longitudinal conducting guides C in succession. After the plates are thus placed in
the conducting guides C the vertical conducting bar or carriage E is placed between
the rails d, d. The arms N upon the shaft M revolving come in contact with the
top of the carriage or vertical bar E, and which is then pushed on into and
partly through the acid bath A. By a repetition of the above, the plates being
put through the rollers F into the movable feeding guides H, fills the con-
ducting guides C, and after them another carriage E, which upon being pushed
by the arms N pushes the first series of plates a further distance through the
acid chamber A. By this means the whole of the bath A is filled with plates and
carriages (E), and are so pushed by the additional plates and carriages through the
whole length of bath A, and over the edge into the water bath B, where they are
left until taken out, while the plates are travelling between the acid bath A into

page_text: the water bath B. I have steam playing upon them by means of perforated pipes or
other convenient means (not shown in the Drawings) placed in a suitable position
in order to remove the acid and to keep the plates from drying. In Sheet 2
referring to the process of annealing, Figure 7 is a longitudinal section through
line X, X, in Figure 8; Figure 8, plan with roof off; Figure 9, end elevation ;
Figure 10, an enlarged view in cross section of longitudinal tube or guide box;
A, A, are the rollers for feeding the plates into the feeding guide E; B, the
eccentric; C, the eccentric shaft; D, the eccentric rod fixed to the end of the
movable feeding guides E for the same object as shown in Sheet 1, Figure 1;
E, the feeding guides for feeding the longitudinal conducting guides F; F is the
longitudinal conducting guides running from end to end of the chamber I, and
projecting at each end into the chambers H and K; G, the rails for guiding the
vertical bar Q. g is the cross supporting bar for the side guides F; H is the
feeding chamber where the plates enter; I, the heating chamber where the plates
are annealed in their passage from end to end; J, the furnace grate bars; J¹, the
ash pit; K, the cooling chamber where the plates are delivered from the chamber I;
L, the flues round the longitudinal boxes, and leading under the cooling chambers K.
into the stack M; M, the stack; N, the stage for the plates to rest upon; n, the
support for N; O, the adjusting screw wheels for moving the movable guide F¹;
P, the longitudinal tube or box containing the side guides F1, F1, with its supporting
cross bar g, and the rail G; Q is the vertical bar having wheels as runners at each
end, and projecting horizontal bars; q, q, are the horizontal bars. In the process of
annealing, the plates or sheets are brought into the feeding chambers H, and are
passed singly through the rollers A, A, into and through the movable feeding
guides E, which by means of the eccentric B delivers the plates in succession into
the longitudinal guides F, as explained in the pickling process, Figure 1, Sheet 1.
After each space of the guides F has its plate or sheet a vertical bar is placed
between the top and bottom rails G, and pushed down the longitudinal box or
tube P. A succession of plates and bars impinging upon one another conveys
motion to the whole, and thus each plate is carried through the chamber I. The
plates after the passage through the box or tube P slide upon the stage N, and are
then taken off by tongs or any other suitable means (trolleys, for instance, dis-
pensing with the stage N), and placed about in suitable piles in the cooling
chamber K. This constitutes the annealing process. The horizontal bars q upon
the vertical bar Q are of sufficient length to impinge upon the horizontal bars
preceding and succeeding it, so that the plate upon becoming hot and soft may not
be bent up. The grate bars J, and ashpit J are as at present in use. In Sheet 3,
Figure 11 is plan of coating process; Figure 12, longitudinal section; Figure 13,
sectional end elevation; Figure 14, elevation of tongs; Figure 15, plan of tongs;
Figure 16, front elevation of tongs; Figure 17, plan of cleaning machine; Figure 18,
side elevation. In said Sheet 3, letter A is bath containing the metal; B, the arms
of a wheel on the shaft 6; b, the shaft; b¹, pulley for driving the shaft b; C, the
rod for pushing the plates, and which travels down the guides c; c, the guides
which runs longitudinally in the bath A.; c', (Figure 12) the guides for the endless
chain O to work in; D, the supports for carrying the rail D¹; d, the guides for
the plates running from end to end of the bath A; d' the bars upon which the
guides d rest; E is a cradle or cage for lifting the plates; e is a connecting rod
between the cradle E and the lever e¹; e', lever which may be worked by either foot
or hand for lifting the connecting rod e and cradle E; el bracket for lever e';
ell, support or bearing for bracket ell; F, hollow bed plate with pipes or otherwise
(not shown in the Drawings) projecting up above the bath A, so as to allow a free
current of air thro' the bed plate; G, spring scrapers acting also as guides under
the bottom rolls H; g, the bars or supports for the springs G; H, H, rollers, bottom
pair for feeding the scrapers I; i, top pair for delivering the plates out of the
bath A; I, blocks or bearings running between the cheeks M for carrying the
scrapers; i, i, the scrapers, which are removable; J, a plate fastened to the blocks I
and running between the cheek M for enclosing the bottom rolls H; K, a lever for

page_text: manner,
acting upon the spring K¹; K¹, springs for acting upon the bushes of rollers H;
L, screw pin for supporting and regulating the lever K; M, cheeks or side plates
for carrying the whole of the machinery; N, the worm working upon the shaft n¹1;
n, worm wheel for working the rolls H; n', pulley for giving motion to the
shaft n; n, worm shaft going accross the bath A; O, a shaft working the small
tooth wheel O'; O¹, the tooth wheel for carrying and working the endless chain O¹¹;
O, the endless chain revolving between the guides C¹; O, spikes fixed upon the
endless chain O¹ for delivering the rods or bars C out of the bath A. A, Figures 14,
15, and 16, represents the pins for connecting the plates B; B are the plates which
slide upon one another, having legs or handles marked B'; c and c¹ are fingers,
prongs, or nippers for holding the plates as they come out of the rolls H in the
bath A; D is a slot in one of the plates B in which a pin upon another plate B
travels, and which thus guides the travel of the movable plates B. Upon opening
the legs B¹ the plates B travel along the slot D, allowing the prongs c and c¹ to
open, and upon their receiving the plates a pressure is put upon the legs B¹, which
immediately closes them; the plates can thus be removed from one place to another.
P, Figure 11, shows a dial plate acting as an indicator to the handle of the screw
pin, which by means of any suitable machinery regulates the pressure upon the
plates of the scrapers i (Figure 1). In the process of coating the metal plates or
in
sheets to be coated are first immersed in and well coated with grease suitable
any
by means of the sheets being passed vertically through rollers or otherwise,
and are then put into the bath A by means of rollers or otherwise at the entrance
end, and between the rails D¹ on to and in the guides d. The rod C is then put
into the side guides c. The arms B revolving with the shaft b, coming in contact
with the rod C as soon as it is put into the guides c, push the rod C partly through
the metal bath A. Upon more plates being put into the bath A, and another rod C
into the guides c, which rod C is again acted upon by an arm B, the plates are
carried the whole length of the bath A. Upon the arrival of the plates over the
carriage or cradle E the handle of the lever e¹ is depressed, which lifts the cradle E
with the plates upon it, and thus cause them to pass through suitable openings in
the hollow bed plate F, and through the spring scrapers G into the bottom rolls H.
These rolls H then pass the plates between the blocks I and through the scrapers i
into the top rolls H, which rolls deliver the plates out of the bath A. The rod C
being pushed along by the plates following it, is thus placed into the guides c, and
is caught up by the spikes 0111 upon the endless chain O", and by them is delivered
out of the bath A. The object of the hollow bed plate F, allowing a free current of
air passing through it, is to keep the temperature of the metal at this end of the
bath A at a proper degree of heat. The scrapers G are for removing any "scruff"
or hard metal that may adhere to the plates. The scrapers or planishers i are also
intended for the same purpose, and for removing the superfluous metal. In the
cleaning process in Figures 17 and 18, Sheet 3, A is the box frame work; B, the
covered or uncovered rollers; C is the block or bearing for the scrapers c; c is
the scrapers for removing the cleaning substance and grease; D is a plate attached
to the blocks C, boxing in the rolls H, and thus preventing the cleaning substance
from spreading about; E is the plate or board having rings on its back encircling F,
which is covered by sheepskins or any other suitable material; F is a rod for
guiding the motion of the plate or board E; G is the eccentric rod attached to the
plates or board E; g is the eccentric, instead of which a cam crank or any suitable
contrivance may be used for working the rod G; g¹, the shaft for carrying the eccen-
tric G; H is a worm wheel for driving the rollers B; I is the worm, and i the shaft
upon which the wom is fixed. In the process of cleaning, the plates or sheets to be
cleaned are placed into suitable guides (not shown in the Drawings), and are pushed
between the first rollers B, which rollers pass the plates between the blocks C and
scrapers c; these scrapers remove the cleaning substance and grease. The plates
then pass between other rollers B, and by them are passed between the rubbers, plates,
or boards E, which are covered with sheep skins or other suitable substance, and
which have a quick vertical motion (or otherwise) imparted to them by means of
form

page_text: the eccentric g, thus removing all further amount of grease and cleaning substance
adhering to the plates, and giving them a polish. After passing through the
polishers E the plates are delivered out of the machine by the finishing rollers B,
and are then ready for the next process, videlicet, "sorting."
In witness whereof, I, the said Sydney Moreton Phillips, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty eighth day of June, A.D. 1879.
SVINEV M
(97)
'SHTHAI Ä AINGAS