Improvements in the Construction of the Cylinders of Drying Machines for Drying Woven Fabrics and Warps, and for other similar purposes.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Jan., 1895-Accepted, 23rd Feb., 1895
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Construction of the Cylinders of Drying
Machines for Drying Woven Fabrics and Warps, and for other
similar purposes.
I, THOMAS OXLEY of Tudor Works, Pendleton, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
My invention relates to the cylinders of drying machines for drying woven
fabrics and warps and for other similar purposes such as the drying of twine and
the drying of yarns or threads, and consists in improvements in the construction of
such cylinders.
The cylinders of drying machines for drying woven fabrics and other similar
purposes have as hitherto constructed been provided with ends made either of cast
iron or of sheet metal. When made of cast iron the ends for use in the said
cylinders have been either cast in one with the nozzles or axles with which they
require to be provided or have had nozzles or axles afterwards fitted into them.
When cast with the nozzles or axles the said ends have been heavy and very liable
to fracture around the nozzles or axles and when cast separately from the nozzles
or axles the said ends have been heavy and very often defective so that the fitting
of nozzles or axles therein has been difficult or impossible and by reason of the
waste involved in the manufacture thereof the said ends formed of cast iron have
been very expensive, and the said ends formed of cast iron have been difficult to
solder to the casings of the cylinders in which they have been employed. While
being lighter and more easily soldered to the casings of the cylinders in which they
have been employed than ends made of cast iron, ends of sheet metal for use in the
said cylinders have by reason of being necessarily made of a curvilinear section
been very liable to fracture at the parts at which they have been bent and have
required to have the seatings or attachments for the valves or other appliances used
therewith rivetted or otherwise attached to them and have been liable to fracture
by reason of being of the same thickness throughout.
My invention consists in improvements by which the ends for use in the cylinders
of drying machines for drying woven fabrics and other similar purposes, are
rendered stronger, more durable and capable of sustaining a greater pressure of
steam within them and much lighter than the cast iron ends hitherto manufactured
for use in such cylinders.
According to my invention I form the ends for use in the cylinders of drying
machines for drying woven fabrics and other similar purposes of wrought iron or
steel or other metal which can be forged, forged into the required form and cause
such ends to be of different thicknesses in different parts according to the strength
required in the different parts of such ends. I provide the said ends with the
nozzles or axles required to be provided thereon either by forming nozzles or axles
upon and integral with such ends or in any other suitable manner such as by
securing them by bolts or screws upon or otherwise securing them to facings formed
to receive them on the said ends or screwing them into openings provided with
screw-threads to receive them. The valves and other parts required to be provided
upon the said ends may be applied thereto in any suitable manner such as by being
secured by bolts or screws upon or otherwise secured to facings formed to receive

page_text: them on the said ends or by being screwed into openings provided with screw
threads to receive them. The cylinder ends manufactured according to my inven-
tion are provided with flanges for the attachment of the cylinder casings and
besides being provided with such flanges may in order that they may be made
stiffer and more capable of sustaining the strains to which they are subjected while
in use be dished or made concave or convex or provided with corrugations con-
centric with or radial to the said flanges or with corrugations arranged in any
other suitable manner or may be dished or made concave or convex and also
corrugated.
Four forms of drying cylinder ends made according to my invention are illustrated
in the accompanying drawings. In the accompanying drawings, Fig. 1 is a section
of one form of cylinder end made according to my invention and a portion of the
cylinder casing in which such end is inserted. The section Fig. 1 is taken on a
plane passing through the axis of the cylinder part of which is illustrated in such
figure.
In Fig. 1 (a) is the cylinder end which is provided with a flange (a') to which
the casing (6) of the cylinder may be attached and with a flauge (a2) to which the
nozzle or axle (c) to be attached to such cylinder end (a) may be secured and also
with a seating or attachment (a) for the relief valve with which the cylinder
requires to be provided. The cylinder end (a) is formed from a piece of wrought
iron or steel or other metal which can be forged, forged in suitable dies until it is
brought to the form illustrated in Fig. 1 and the metal forming such end (a)
is made of different thicknesses in different parts according to the strength
requisite in the various parts of the cylinder end and afterwards the seating or
attachment (a3) is provided with screw threads into which the seating of the relief
valve may be screwed and holes provided with screw threads are formed in the
flange (a) of the said end for the reception of screws (d) of which there may
be four which are also passed through holes provided in the flange (c) of the nozzle
or axle (c) and are provided with nuts (d'). The nozzle or axle (c) is made of
cast iron or other metal. A packing of asbestos mill-board or other suitable
material is placed between the flange (c) and the cylinder end (a) in order that a
tight joint may be made. When the cylinder end (a) and the nozzle or axle (c)
have been secured together by means of the screws (d) the outside of the
flange (a) of the cylinder end (a) may be turned to the requisite cylindrical form
and then tinned or coated with solder and then the cylinder casing (b) and the
hoop (e) surrounding the edge of such casing (b) may be secured upon the said
flange (a) by solder in a manner similar to that ordinarily followed and the space
between the hoop (e) and the edge of the flange (a¹) and some part of the space
surrounded by the said flange (a') may be filled with solder (f) in order that a
tight joint may be made between the said cylinder end (a') and the casing (b). The
cylinder end (a) illustrated in Fig. 1 is dished or made concave and also formed
with a corrugation (a) extending around the flange (c) of the nozzle or axle (c).
The cylinder end to be inserted and secured in the other end of the casing (6) may
be made similarly to the end (a).
Fig. 2 of the accompanying drawings is a section of another form of drying
cylinder end made according to my invention and a portion of the cylinder casing
in which such end is employed. The section Fig. 2 is taken on a plane passing
through the axis of the cylinder, part of which is illustrated in such figure.
In Fig. 2 (g) is the cylinder end which is provided with a flange (9') to which
the casing (h) of the cylinder may be attached and with a boss (92) in which the
nozzle or axle (i) to be attached to such cylinder end (9) may be screwed and
also with a seating or attachment (9) for the relief valve with which the cylinder
requires to be provided. The cylinder end (9) is formed from a piece of wrought iron
or other metal which can be forged, forged in suitable dies until it is brought to the
form illustrated in Fig. 2 and the metal forming such end (g) is made of different
thicknesses in different parts according to the strength requisite in the various parts

page_text: of the cylinder end and afterwards the boss (92) and seating or attachment (93)
are provided with screw threads for the reception of the nozzle or axle (i) and the
seating of the relief valve respectively. The nozzle or axle (i) is made of cast
iron or other metal. A packing of asbestos mill board or of any other suitable
kind is placed between the boss (92) and the nozzle or axle (i) when such nozzle or
axle (i) is screwed into such boss (92) in order that a tight joint may be made.
When the nozzle or axle (i) has been screwed into the boss (92) of the cylinder
end (g) the outside of the flange (g) of the cylinder end (g) may be turned to the
requisite cylindrical form and then tinned or coated with solder and then the cylinder
casing (h) and hoop (j) surrounding the edge of such casing (h) may be secured
upon the said flange (g) in a manner similar to that ordinarily followed and the
space between the hoop () and the end of the flange (g') and some part of the
space surrounded by such flange (91) may be filled with solder (k) in order that
a tight joint may be made between the said cylinder end (g) and the casing (h).
The
The cylinder end (g) illustrated in Fig. 2 is dished or made concave.
cylinder end to be inserted in the other end of the casing (h) may be made similarly
to the end (g).
Fig. 3 of the accompanying drawings is a section of another form of drying
cylinder end made according to my invention and a portion of the cylinder casing in
which such end is employed. The section Fig. 3 is taken on a plane passing
through the axis of the cylinder part of which is illustrated in such figure.
In Fig. 3 (m) is the cylinder end which is provided with a flange (m³) to which
the casing (n) of the cylinder may be attached and with a nozzle or axle (m²)
formed in one piece with such end and also with a seating or attachment (m³) for
the relief valve with which the cylinder requires to be provided. The cylinder
end (m) is formed from a piece of wrought iron or steel or other metal which can
be forged, forged in suitable dies until it is brought to the form illustrated in Fig. 3
and the metal forming such end (m) is made of different thicknesses in different
parts according to the strength requisite in the various parts of the cylinder end
and afterwards the nozzle or axle (m²) and the ouside of the flange (m') are
turned in the manner requisite and the seating or attachment (m³) is provided with
screw threads to receive the seating of the relief valve. When the flange (m') has
been turned to the requisite cylindrical form it may be tinned or coated with solder
and then the cylinder casing (n) and hoop (o) surrounding the edge of such casing (n)
may be secured upon the said flange (m²) in a manner similar to that ordinarily
followed and the space between the hoop (o) and the edge of the flange (m) and
some part of the space surrounded by such flange (m³) may be filled with solder (p)
in order that a tight joint may be made between the said cylinder end (m) and the
casing (n). The cylinder end (m) illustrated in Fig. 3 is dished or made concave.
The cylinder end to be inserted in the other end of the casing (n) may be made
similarly to the end (m).
Fig. 4 of the accompanying drawings is a section of another form of drying
cylinder end made according to my invention and a portion of the cylinder casing
in which such end is employed. The section Fig. 4 is taken on a plane passing
through the cylinder, part of which is illustrated in such figure.
In Fig. 4, (q) is the cylinder end which is provided with a flange (y') to which
the casing (r) of the cylinder may be attached and with a socket (42) formed in one
piece with such end and adapted to receive the nozzle or axle (s) with which the
cylinder end (9) requires to be provided. The cylinder end (9) is also provided
with a seating or attachment (93) for the relief valve with which the cylinder
requires to be provided. The cylinder end (9) is formned from a piece of wrought
iron or steel or other metal which can be forged, forged in suitable dies until it is
brought to the form illustrated in Fig. 4 and the metal forming such end (7) is
made of different thicknesses in different parts according to the strength requisite
in the various parts and afterwards the nozzle or axle (s) which is formed of
wrought iron or steel or cast iron or other suitable metal is secured in the socket (42)

page_text: by being screwed therein or by the socket (s) of the cylinder end (9) being shrunk
upon such nozzle or axle (9) or in any other suitable manner. When the nozzle
or axle (s) has been secured in the socket (92) the nozzle or socket (92) if it has not
been previously turned in the manner requisite and the flange (¹) and socket (92)
of the cylinder end (9) are turned in the manner required and the seating or
attachment (3) is provided with screw-threads to receive the seating of the relief
valve. When the flange (g) has been turned to the requisite cylindrical form it
may be tinned or coated with solder and then the cylinder casing (7) and hoop (t)
surrounding the edge of such casing (r) may be secured upon the said flange (q')
in a manner similar to that ordinarily followed and the space between the hoop (t)
and the edge of the flange (¹) and some part of the space surrounded by such
flange (9) may be filled with solder (u) in order that a tight joint may be made
between the said cylinder end (9) and the casing (r). The cylinder end (9)
illustrated in Fig. 4 is dished or made concave. The cylinder end to be inserted
in the other end of the casing (r) may be made similarly to the end (q).
Instead of the seatings or attachments (a³) (93) (m³) and (93) provided respectively
in the cylinder ends (a) (g) (m) and (g) respectively illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 3,
and 4 of the accompanying drawings for the attachment of the seatings of relief
valves being provided in the positions in which they are respectively shown in
Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 such seatings or attachments may be provided in any other
situations in which it may be convenient or desirable to provide them.
Cylinder ends made according to my invention are stronger and capable of
sustaining higher pressures of steam, and less liable to fracture and may while being
stronger be made lighter than the ends hitherto trade for use in drying cylinders
since they are made of different thicknesses in different parts in accordance with the
strength requisite in the different parts, and the cylinders provided with ends made
according to my invention being capable of sustaining within them steam of much
higher pressure than it has been possible to use in drying cylinders with ends as
hitherto made may be used to enable a more rapid drying and other advantageous
effects which may be derived from the use in drying cylinders of steam of higher
pressure than it has hitherto been possible to use to be obtained.
Drying cylinder ends forged in accordance with my invention out of wrought
iron or steel are cheaper to manufacture than the cast iron and sheet metal ends
hitherto employed while being as easily soldered to the casings of the cylinders in
which they are to be employed as the sheet metal ends hitherto employed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. For use in the drying cylinders of drying machines for drying woven fabrics
and other similar purposes, ends made of wrought iron or steel or other metal which
can be forged, forged into the required form and made of different thicknesses in
different parts in accordance with the strength requisite in the various parts and
employed for the purposes and substantially in the manner hereinbefore described.
2. For use in the drying cylinders of drying machines for drying woven fabrics
and other similar purposes, ends made of wrought iron or steel or other metal which
can be forged, forged into the required form and made of different thicknesses in
different parts in accordance with the strength requisite in the various parts and
dished or inade convex or concave or corrugated or both dished or made convex or
concave and corrugated and employed for the purposes and substantially in the
manner herein before described.
3. For use in the drying cylinders of drying machines for drying woven fabrics
and other similar purposes ends, made of wrought iron or steel or other metal which
can be forged, forged into the required form and made of different thicknesses in
different parts in accordance with the strength requisite in the various parts and
with nozzles or axles integral with such ends and dished or made convex or concave

page_text: or corrugated or both dished or made convex or concave and corrugated and
employed for the purposes and substantially in the manner hereinbefore described
and illustrated by Fig. 3 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this Seventeenth day of January 1895.
HOWARD
CHEETHAM,
Manchester, Agent to the Applicant.