matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMBING WOOL, COTTON, SILK, AND OTHER FIBRES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mathew Mirfield and John
Scott at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 12th May 1873.
We, MATHEW MIRFIELD, of Monserrat Mill, Holme Lane, near
Bradford, in the County of York, Worsted Top Maker, and JOHN
SCOTT, of the same Place, Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMBING WOOL, COTTON,
SILK, AND OTHER FIBRES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the class of machines in which rings of teeth
are secured to the ordinary comb plate, so forming an ordinary circular
comb, to and from which are traversed other comb teeth mounted on
segment plates, and the Invention consists in the end of the sliver being
fed and "dabbed" into the teeth of the circular and segment combs
whereon the segment or segments recede. The teeth on these combs thus
traverse through and clear or comb a portion of the sliver which by the
rotation of the comb is carried forward, and the cleared part therof passes
under a holding down knife, the continued rotation now brings the sliver
in contact with a ploughing knife which causes the end of the sliver to
be drawn through the teeth of the circular comb leaving the noil therein,

page_text: "
a
which is removed by noil knives, whereon a lifting knife or knives lifts
the sliver out of and above the teeth of the comb on to a bearing plate,
the segment or segments now return to their original position relative to
the centre of the comb, and thereby feed forward and "throws over
portion of the cleansed end of the sliver beyond the pins or teeth of the
circular comb, into the teeth of which and the teeth of the segment
comb it is again dabbed by dabbing brush. The inner rows of segment
pins being held by spring close to and intermingling with the pins com-
prising the front row of the circular comb, so as to present a double
pitch or very fine comb through which the fibre must pass as it is drawn
off by the drawing off rollers, and as the fibre is drawn through both
segment and circular comb it is thoroughly cleansed from noil and
impurities.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE VENTILATION OF HATS AND SIMILAR COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Simon Simmons at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
November 1873.
I, SIMON SIMMONS, of Bishopsgate Street Without, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE VENTILATION OF HATS AND SIMILAR COVERINGS FOR THE
HEAD," to be as follows:-
The Invention is designed for the purpose of providing hats or similar*
coverings for the head with a means of ventilation in order that the
head in all weathers and climates may be kept cool, comfortable, and
easy during the time the hat is being worn.
The improvements consist in providing the inner space or body of the
hat with a supplementary body or lining, which fits elose to the outer
body or shell above the leather band or seating for the head, from
whence it projects upwards in the form of a cone to its connection with
the crown. This inner conical body is provided with eyelets or
ventilating holes at suitable distances apart, as also is the outer or
external shell or body of the hat, an annular space being formed in the
interior between the inner supplementary body or lining and the outer

page_text: body. The vitiated or foul air arising from the inner space around the
head passes off through the eyelet ventilating holes of the inner lining
into the annular space, where it is exhausted by the current or influx of
fresh air, which is constantly passing into the same through one or more
of the ventilating eyelets of the body.
The inner lining or supplementary ventilating body is so arranged
that it may be made independent and separate from the hat, and
supplied and attached thereto as required, whether to old or new hats.
i
By the application to hats of this novel description of internal
ventilating body or lining, draughts to the head are effectually prevented, 1
and a ventilation is provided that keeps the head cool and easy without
oppression in the hottest, weather.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING SHIPS AND VESSELS OUT OF THE WATER FOR EXAMINATION AND REPAIR
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank M°Clean, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
January 1873.
I, FRANK MCCLEAN, of No. 21, Whitehall Place, in the City of
Westminster, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING SHIPS AND VESSELS
OUT OF THE WATER FOR EXAMINATION AND REPAIR," to be as follows:-
1
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for
raising ships and vessels out of the water for examination and repair.
The following method is to be employed:-A lock chamber and a
pontoon adapted to it having been constructed, the pontoon is floated
into the lock chamber, and the lock chamber closed; the water in the
lock chamber is then lowered, and the pontoon grounded and adjusted
in proper bearing on the floor of the lock chamber; the water in
the lock chamber is then levelled up with the dock, and the pontoon
submerged in its place.

page_text: the lock chamber is then lowered and the vessel adjusted and secured in
place on the pontoon. The water is further lowered until the pontoon
is sufficiently cleared of water, and its power of flotation restored, see
Figure No. 2. The water in the lock chamber is then again levelled up
with the dock, and the pontoon floated with the vessel berthed on it, see
Figure No. 3. The vessel is then removed on the pontoon to its
destination, and the lock chamber left free for further use.
A vessel afloat on a pontoon is launched in a corresponding manner.
The lock chamber is to be provided with sea gates pointing outwards, and
with pumps to throw out from the bottom the water which lies below
the level of the tide. The lock chamber must give a sufficient depth of
water below the surface of the dock to float the vessels to be raised into
position over the submerged pontoons.
The lock chamber can be used for this purpose most advantageously
when the tidal water without is low, and it is consequently unavailable
for the passage of vessels, and several vessels can be raised or lowered in
succession during the same tide.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW FASTENERS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Fitzgerald Whiting and
James Charles Bolton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 3rd January 1873.
We, GEORGE FITZGERALD WHITING, of Grove Villas, Balham, in the
County of Surrey, and JAMES CHARLES BOLTON, of St. Mary Axe, in the
City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW FASTENERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the construction of an improved apparatus
for fastening window sashes, whereby great security is attained in con-
junction with simplicity of action.
The apparatus consists of two principal parts. One is a metallic plate
capable of being screwed or attached to the upper sash of the window to
which the apparatus is applied, and to which is connected a horizontal
lever free to turn upon a vertical pivot, and of being moved forward or
backwards.
The other portion of the apparatus is screwed or attached to the lower
sash which is suitably recessed for its reception, and parily consists of a
horizontal metallic plate which is provided with a longitudinal slot

page_text: therein for the reception of a flat metallic bar attached to a pivot on
which it is free to move at one end thereof, and having the other end of
an angular form. The angular end of the bar is elevated when in its
normal position by means of a suitable spring placed beneath the same
or by a weight at the other end thereof, the upper surface of the bar
being thus caused to assume an oblique position. A hooked piece of
metal is also attached to the horizontal plate at a sufficient distance from
the angular end of the bar to admit of the lever being placed between
the same respectively.
In order effectually to fasten the sashes the lever is moved forwards
upon its pivot towards the lower end of the before mentioned bar, which
is thereby depressed until the former has passed the angular end of the
latter, when it is stopped by the hooked piece of metal attached to the
horizontal plate, and the angular end of the bar rising by the
the spring or weight the lever is held firmly in position and can neither
be moved vertically or laterally by any instrument which may be
introduced through the joint of the sashes.
agency
of
To enable the lever to be moved backwards when it is desired to
liberate the same a pin or stud is attached to the front side of the bar
at or near the angular end thereof, and which pin or stud works through
a slot formed in the front edge of the lower sash. Upon the pin or stud
being depressed by means of a suitable head with which it is provided,
the bar is placed in a horizontal position, and the lever can be readily
moved backwards so as to allow of the window being opened.
suitable spring may be employed in connection with tho lever for
keeping the same firmly in position as will be well understood.
A
IMPROVED MEANS FOR OPENING, CLOSING, AND SECURING THE DOORS OF. STRONG ROOMS AND SAFES
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Easton, of Southwark Street, in the.
.
Borough of Southwark, Engineer, William Pole, of Storey's Gate,.
in the City of Westminster, Engineer, and John Whichcord, of
Walbrook, in the City of London, Architect, for the Invention of
"IMPROVED MEANS FOR OPENING, CLOSING, AND SECURING THE DOORS OF.
STRONG ROOMS AND SAFES."
.
Sealed the 28th November 1873, and dated the 19th Juné 1873.
· PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Easton, William
Pole, and John Whichcord at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 19th June 1873.
We, EDWARD EASTON, of Southwark Street, in the Borough of
5 Southwark, Engineer, WILLIAM POLE, of Storey's Gate, in the City of:
Westminster, Engineer, and JOHN WHICHCORD, of Walbrook, in the

page_text: It will be understood that by adapting hydraulic pressure to the
opening and closing of safe doors and to the operation of the bolts used
to secure the same, any desired weight of metal may be introduced into
these structures. Thus the resisting power of safes may be indefinitely
increased without risk of any corresponding inconvenience.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CALENDERS OR DATE INDICATORS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Paul Raoul de Faucheux
d'Humy at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,, with his
Petition, on the 25th July 1873.
I, PAUL RAOUL DE FAUCHEUX D'HUMY, of Paris, in the Republic
of France, but at present of 35, Southampton Buildings, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CALENDERS OR DATE INDICATORS," to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in calenders or date
indicators whereby greater facility is afforded for removing a sheet from
the date block than heretofore, whilst at the same time greater certainty
is obtained of removing only the one sheet required. For this purpose I
use a back or holder made of metal, wood, or other suitable material to
which are fixed two pins or studs.
.
The months, dates, days of the week, and any other information
required are printed on separate sheets of paper as heretofore, but
instead of cementing them together at the edges as heretofore I pierce
each of them with two holes, in such position that they will readily pass
over the aforesaid pins or studs. Knobs or guard pieces are placed on

page_text: the outer ends of the studs or pins, and these studs or pins may be
screwed so as to enable nuts to be traversed thereon for the purpose of
pressing together the sheets of paper, or such sheets of paper may be
pressed together by springs or bands of india-rubber.
For the purpose of readily removing one of the sheets from the pile
I employ a small rubber or instrument clothed with india-rubber or with
other suitable soft and holding material. This rubber or instrument is
supported by a spring rod or lever in such position that it may be
readily pressed on to the face of the sheet of paper it is desired to remove
and traversed to remove the sheet.
If desired instead of employing two pins or studs to support the date
block only one stud or pin or a hook may be employed for such
purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRICKMAKING MACHINES
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Constantine Fawcett, of Leeds, in the
County of York, Machine Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN BRICKMAKING MACHINES."
Sealed the 5th June 1874, and dated the 8th December 1873.

page_text: requires frequent repairs in order to preserve uniformity of thickness of
the bricks pressed by such apparatus. I substitute in lieu thereof a
pair of eccentrics mounted on the clay cylinder shaft, and connect these
by straps and arms with the cross shaft carrying the presser die, whereby
I secure a durable and easy motion, and the presser die is operating at a
time when the clay cylinder's crank is at a point or portion of its
revolution which does not actually communicate the movement of the
clay cylinder; or a stud may be attached to one or each of the gear
wheels on the shaft of the ordinary clay cylinder, and a connecting rod
or rods linked to the shaft of the presser die, which will give the requisite
motion.
Secondly. In the ordinary class of machines I drive the shaft of the
presser die by means of a spur wheel mounted thereon, in gear with
which is a pinion on the driving shaft, which also drives the gear wheel
on the crank shaft.
Thirdly. For the purpose of operating the feed plunger I attach a stud
to the gear wheel on the presser die shaft, and connect therewith one end
of an arm, the other end of the arm being attached to a rocking lever
which operates a feed plunger.
Lastly. The presser die I construct of separate parts, and connect
them by means of pins, on which arc spiral springs, bow springs, or 2
india-rubber washers, so as to give way when a sufficient quantity of
clay has been fed into the mould, and so avoid breakage.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Constantine Fawcett in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 8th June 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
CONSTANTINE FAWCETT, of Leeds, in the County of York, Machine
Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of December, in the year of 3
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-

page_text: for operating the pressure dies of brickmaking machinery, as herein
described and fully illustrated by the Drawings annexed.
In witness whereof, the said Thomas Constantine Fawcett, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of June, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.
THO³. C. FAWCETT. (L.S.)
Witness,
WALTER BRIERLEY,
Tasker & Brierley,
Patent Agents,
Halifax, Bradford, & Blackburn.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF NUTRITIVE HYGIENIC COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Bristow Hunt, of Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in
the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of "A
NEW OR IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF NUTRITIVE HYGIENIC COMPOUNDS OR
PREPARATIONS."-A communication from abroad by Alvaro Francisco
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Bristow Hunt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and Declaration,
on the 31st December 1873, pursuant to the 9th Section of the
Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, BRISTOW
HUNT, of Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "A NEW OR
IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF NUTRITIVE HYGIENIC COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS,"
and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me, my executors,

page_text: liquid agreeable to the taste of all the matters hitherto separately
employed by adding thereto others cither unknown or unstudied.
Having now described the nature and object of the said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be or may be performed or
carried out in practice, I have to observe in conclusion that what I claim
as the Invention communicated to me by the said Alvaro Francisco
Carlos Reynoso is, the manufacture or production of nutritive hygienic
compounds or preparations, substantially in the manner or mode hercin
described and for the various purposes herein specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Bristow Hunt, have hercunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
three.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF KNITTED FABRICS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jaime Baladia, of Mataro, in the Kingdom of
Spain, and Thomas Osborne, of the Town and County of the Town
of Nottingham, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF KNITTED FABRICS."
Sealed the 20th May 1873, and dated the 13th March 1873.
PROVISIONAL SECIFICATION left by the said Jaime Baladia and
Thomas Osborne at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 13th March 1873.
We, JAIME BALADIA, of Mataro, in the Kingdom of Spain, and
THOMAS OSBORNE, of the Town and County of the Town of Nottingham,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF KNITTED FABRICS," to be as follows:—

page_text: spinning frame and then wound, but according to our Invention we take
unspun yarn as it comes from the roving frame, or yarn with only a
slight amount of twist in it and work it on that description of knitting
frame known as the circular hosiery frame. For this purpose we mount
the roving bobbin on a spindle carried by a disc or roller to which
rotary motion is given by suitable gearing or connections from the
circular hosiery frame, thus supplying the frame with a sufficient supply
of yarn instead of the frame having to pull off its own supply from the
bobbin.
For the purpose of our Invention roving which has been wound :
either on a wood spool or cop, or on a paper cop by the roving frame
will answer equally well. By these means we avoid the expense of the
two processes of mule spinning and winding, and the fabric is therefore
produced at less cost than when employing ordinary spun yarn which
has been afterwards wound on to bobbins. Knitted fabrics thus made 1
are very suitable to be employed for fleecy or regular goods.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES, METHOD OF WORKING VALVES AND FEED MOTIONS FOR ROCK BORING ENGINES, THE IMPROVEMENT IN VALVES, AND METHOD OF WORKING VALVES, BEING PARTLY APPLICABLE TO OTHER ENGINES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Darlington at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
March 1873.
I, JOHN DARLINGTON, of No. 2, Coleman Street Buildings, Moorgate
Street, in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES, METHOD OF WORKING VALVES AND
FEED MOTIONS FOR ROCK BORING ENGINES, THE IMPROVEMENT IN VALVES, AND
METHOD OF WORKING VALVES, BEING PARTLY APPLICABLE TO OTHER ENGINES," to
be as follows:-
The first part of the Invention consists of certain improvements in
actuating the valves of rock boring or other engines, whereby the position
of the valve is changed by the steam or air being compressed within
the main cylinder by the piston towards the end of its movement, such
compressed air thereby actuating the valve.
The second part consists of the employment of a suitably arranged
piston valve moved by steam or air, admitted through apertures pro-
perly placed and uncovered by the piston during the progress of its
stroke, shifting the piston valve to the opposite end of its cylinder and
thereby reversing the steam and exhaust passages.

page_text: The third part consists of working a circular face slide valve by
means of a twist or spiral bar entirely enclosed within a cylinder or
chamber, such spiral bar being partially rotated and reversed by means
of a nut or gripping piece in connection with the main piston rod.
The fourth part consists of exhausting the steam from the upper side
only of the borer piston, the under side of the said piston striking a
tappet, ring, or other suitable device, and thereby shifting a slide or
piston valve to give and to maintain the motion of the boring tool.
The fifth part consists of an arrangement for advancing the borer in
proportion to its cutting rate. This result is obtained by means of a
small cylinder fitted with a piston with or without a spring, steam being
admitted to the feed piston through an aperture in the main cylinder,
uncovered by the main piston at or near the end of its stroke, thus
throwing the feed piston forward and advancing the borer by a screw,
ratchet, or other well-known means, or the borer may be advanced in
some cases by attaching to a partly revolving rod a differential
arrangement for working a ratchet and paul.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION AND MODE OF GIVING MOTION TO SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Colborne and Honble. Lady
Lucy Alcock at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 15th December 1873.
We, JOHN COLBORNE, of the Junior Conservative Club, St. James',
Major, Honble, and Lady LUCY ALCOCK, of Great Queen's Street,
Westminster, both in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION AND MODE OF
GIVING MOTION TO SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
Our Invention has reference to an improved mode of constructing
sewing machines, with the view of simplifying the general disposition
and arrangement of the several parts thereof, and enable the same to be
worked by self-acting mechanism in lieu of hand wheels and treadles as
at present, and consists in employing for the above purpose springs or
descending weights for giving motion direct to the driving spindles of
sewing machines, so as to be wound up by a ratchet wheel and lever, or
key, and set in motion or stopped as required by means of a releasing
thumb, stud, or catch, in gear with clock motion aforesaid, employing as

page_text: above described the spring or going barrel for giving motion either from
a pallet or impulse wheel directly in connection with the needle
mechanism, or through the medium of the clock motion aforesaid in
gear with the driving spindle of ordinary sewing machinery, or in like
manner by means of a cord and weight over a pulley wheel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hutchison at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
November 1873.
I,. WILLIAM HUTCHISON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows, that is to say :-,
This Invention has for its object to economise fuel by working steam
expansively to greater advantage than heretofore, by means of improved
arrangements of the engine cylinders and other parts, connected there-
with.
In carrying out the Invention according to one modification there is
a single cylinder with a piston, and a rod fixed to the piston extends
from the front side thereof, out through a stuffing box in the ordinary
way,
to be connected to a crank shaft. The inner side of the piston has
attached to it a trunk working through a stuffing box in the back end of
the cylinder, but instead of being exposed to the atmosphere as in
ordinary trunk engines, this trunk works into a cylinder or casing,
having a passage leading from it to the condenser. A slide or other

page_text: suitable valve or combination of valves is arranged to lead the steam
first into the annular space round the trunk at the back of the piston,
and afterwards to the other end of the cylinder, where it acts on the full
area of the piston. Whilst the next supply of steam is being admitted to
the small annular space behind the piston, the expanded steam in front of
the piston is admitted into the trunk, either through a valve or valves in
the piston itself or through a valved passage leading from the cylinder
to the casing, and remaining for a time uncondensed in consequence of
the passage to the condenser being closed by a valve, tends to assist the
action of the fresh steam. On the stroke being completed the passage
to the condenser is opened, and then the consequent vaccuum in the
trunk greatly aids the return stroke when the partly expanded steam
acts on the full area of the front of the piston.
Instead of the trunk working through a stuffing box the part may be
made tight by means of V rings either alone or combined with ordinary
packing.
Where a fly wheel is used a single cylinder arranged as herein-before
described; may be adopted, but two or more such cylinders may be
connected to one crank shaft, if preferred, in the usual way.
When a single cylinder is combined with a fly wheel, the piston rod
is by preference made of sufficient length to admit of a return connecting
rod, with which arrangement the crank shaft can be placed nearer to the
cylinder, and the fly wheel be kept more compactly within the space
occupied by the other parts. The cylinder may be placed horizontally,
vertically, or at any required inclination.
AN IMPROVED SLIDING CRAMP FOR BOOTS, SHOES, AND OTHER ARTICLES HAVING TWO OR MORE PARALLEL EDGES, AND FOR BRINGING SAME TOGETHER
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Joseph Ney at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
October 1873.
I, JOHN JOSEPH NEY, of East Ham, in the County of Essex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED SLIDING CRAMP FOR BOOTS, SHOES, AND OTHER ARTICLES HAVING
TWO OR MORE PARALLEL EDGES, AND FOR BRINGING SAME TOGETHER,” to be as
follows:-
I form a wire cramp of suitable size by first making it into the shape
of a cross, two of its arms (on opposite sides) being longer than the other
two. I connect this cross firmly in the centre. The longer arms I turn
downwards and inwards to form the cramp. The shorter arms I turn
downwards and perforate to take a string or cord.
When necessary for greater strength I add a piece of sheet metal to
the convex side of the cramp: or I form the cramp altogether of sheet

page_text: metal by cutting or punching it out of suitable material and afterwards
shaping. These cramps will run or slide on parallel edges, when such
edges are properly prepared, as in the case of MacCarthy's Patented
Invention, No. 8114, 1868, and in MacCarthy's Provisional Specification,
No. 2250, 1871.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PAVING BLOCKS OR FLAGS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John William Gray at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st March 1873.-A communication from abroad by Charles Felix
Sebille, of Paris, in the Republic of France, Civil Engineer.
I, JOHN WILLIAM GRAY, of the Office for Patents, 16, Southampton
Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, Consulting Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PAVING
BLOCKS OR FLAGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in combining asphaltic
products and bituminous beton so as to form blocks or flags suitable
for paving roads, footpaths, the inside of buildings, and other places.
of
These blocks or flags are formed of a layer of pure asphalte superposed
on a groundwork or base of bituminous beton. The asphalte may be
any well-known description, and the bituminous beton is composed of
river, quarry, or other sand, and dry gas tar. The proportions I prefer
are 84 parts of sand to 14 of tar, though I do not confine myself
thereto.
In carrying out this Invention the asphalte is reduced to powder by
any well-known means, and is then applied to the base of bituminous

page_text: beton whilst the latter is very hot. The whole is then compressed by
hydraulic or other suitable pressure into the shape required, when
the two will adhere firmly. When desired the blocks or flags may
have a layer of asphalte at both top and bottom, so that they may be
turned when worn on one side.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHIRTS, FRONTS, AND ARTICLES OF A SIMILAR NATURE
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Young at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
March 1873.
I, ROBERT YOUNG, of the Firm of Young and Rochester, of Love Lane,
in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of my said In-
vention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHIRTS, FRONTS,
AND ARTICLES OF A SIMILAR NATURE," to be as follows
The Invention is designed for the purpose of enabling a shirt front
or other articles of wearing apparel worn as a covering to the chest
to present at that portion of such garment one or more clean fronts
or facings without the necessity of changing the shirt or front itself,
when the front or face first worn is soiled or otherwise requires
changing.
In order to carry out this novel arrangement of front or facing I will
proceed to describe the application of the same to an ordinary shirt. For
this purpose I construct that portion of the shirt known as the front
of reversible overlap duplicate pieces of linen, or other suitable fabric,
provided with buttons or other attachments that will enable one fold
or overlap to entirely cover over the other duplicate under fold, in which

page_text: position they form an increased warmth and protection to the chest.
Both the under and over fold are starched and finished for wear by the
laundress, so that when the front fold or overlap first exposed becomes
soiled it is readily unbuttoned at the side and turned under so as to
allow the duplicate starched and finished fold hitherto covered by the
one now soiled to be brought to the top or surface so as to present a
clean appearance. The soiled duplicate fold at this time being tucked
in and buttoned so as to take the place of the one turned over.
AN IMPROVED MODE OP Danm AND TH ADDADATTIC EMPLOYED THEREIN EVAPORATING BRINE, AND THE MOT ADDADATIC EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Smith Grafton, of the City of Man-
chester, Merchant, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED MODE OP
Danm
AND TH
ADDADATTIC EMPLOYED THEREIN
EVAPORATING BRINE, AND THE MOT ADDADATIC EMPLOYED THEREIN

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Joseph Smith Grafton in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 14th February 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
SMITH GRAFTON, of the City of Manchester, Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of August, in the year
of
our Lord One thousand eight. hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
seventh year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Joseph Smith Grafton, Her special licence
that I, the said Joseph Smith Grafton, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph Smith Grafton, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE
OF EVAPORATING Brine, and in THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Joseph Smith Grafton, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Smith Grafton, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement (that is to say):-

page_text: steam.
In performing my Invention I make the bottoms and sides of the eva-
porating pan with a steam jacket or casing, into which the steam from
an ordinary high-pressure steam boiler is admitted.
Two or more evaporating pans may be connected by pipes to the same
AN IMPROVEMENT IN CIGARETTE PAPERS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patent, with his Petition, on
the 2nd May 1873.-A communication from abroad by Edmond
Antoine Gaston D'Argy, of Paris, France.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN CIGARETTE PAPERS," to be as
follows:-
The cigarette paper hitherto used has the objection of adhering to the
lips in smoking owing to its absorbing the saliva and nicotine which
gives a disagreeable flavor to the cigarette.
The object of the present Invention is to remedy the above by coating
that part of the cigarette paper which is placed in the mouth with some
perfumed waterproof matter, such as varnish, stearine, wax, or paraffine;
either on one or both sides.
The cigarette paper a, Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawing, to be so
treated may be of the ordinary manufacture, and the waterproofing
matter is applied either in a hot or cold state by dipping the ends 6 of

page_text: the cigarette papers after they are made up into packets, or it may be
applied with a brush to manufactured cigarettes as in Figure 2, or in
other convenient manner.
In making up this improved cigarette paper into books for use, I pre-
ferably grip the waterproofed ends 6 in a metal binding c, Figures 3 and 5
4, the ends d of which are turned over the back of the usual wrapper f
so as to hold the parts together. Any other mode of holding the leaves
together may however be adopted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CORKSCREWS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Edmund Donisthorpe,
jn., at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 22nd May 1873.
I, GEORGE EDMUND DONISTHORPE, jnr., of No. 4, Burbury Street,
Lozell, Birmingham, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CORKSCREWS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object to construct a corkscrew capable of
readily withdrawing corks of varying sizes. For this purpose I make the
screw or worm longer than the corks to be drawn, at the top of the
worm is a stem capable of turning freely in a tubular socket, this is
carried at the centre of a plate to which are jointed three legs, the lower
parts of which are suitably shaped to overlap and rest on the top of a
bottle. The stem of the worm passes up through the socket before
mentioned and has a handle fixed upon it by which it can be turned. In
order to draw a cork the worm is screwed into the cork in the ordinary
manner, and when a few turns of the worm. have entered the cork the
foot of each leg is then, by simply grasping them with the left hand,
brought to rest upon the head of the bottle, and as the screw is
continued to be turned the cork rises up it and is thus easily and quietly
withdrawn.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE TO BE USED IN FINISHING WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by August Bönten at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
December 1873.
I, AUGUST BÖNTEN, of Crefeld, Germany, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE TO BE USED IN
FINISHING WOVEN FABRICS," to be as follows:
My Invention relates to a machine for performing the operation of
"breaking" woven fabrics, which have been "dressed" in finishing the
same. This operation has hitherto been usually performed by hand, by
stretching portions of the fabric diagonally to remove the excess of
"dressing." This which has hitherto been a very laborious operation is
accomplished by the machine of my Invention. with great rapidity, and
in a more effectual and uniform manner than hitherto.
The machine consists principally of a revolving shaft provided with
one or more spiral blades, over which the fabric is drawn. The fabric
previously "dressed" and dried is wound upon a roller mounted in the
framing of the machine. From this roller it is drawn over and under a
series of guide or tension rollers, which press it against the spiral blades,

page_text: after which it is wound on another roller. The several rollers are geared
together and with the spiral blade shaft, so as to work at a regular and
uniform speed, and a brush roller is mounted to rotate in contact with
the fabric as it passes over the spiral blades to remove the dust produced
by the action of the machine. The blades have rounded or blunt edges,
and extend along the shaft beyond the width of the fabric, which is
stretched in a diagonal direction between the points where it touches the
successive convolutions of the blades, which may either be a con-
tinuous spiral, or may be both right and left handed, and extend from
the middle to the ends of the shaft.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FLOCKING WOOLLEN OR OTHER WOVEN OR FELTED FABRICS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Elliot Hinchliffe at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
December 1873.
I, ELLIOT HINCHLIFFE, Black Dog Mills, of Leeds, in the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FLOCKING WOOLLEN OR OTHER WOVEN OR FELTED
FABRICS," to be as follows:-
These improvements have reference to my Patent, dated June 10th
1873, No. 2056, and also may be employed in the flocking of fabrics,
which have been dyed in the yarn as well as those that have been dyed
in the piece.
Between suitable framework I mount a trough or tank on the frame-
work, and over the tank I employ one or more pairs of pressing rollers;
by preference I make the upper pressing rollers of each pair adjustable
in bearings, the required pressure being given to these by weights,
springs, or other known mechanical means, suitable guide rollers are
provided over which the fabric is passed.

page_text: I mount a perforated tube the whole width of the pressing rollers;
through this perforated tube is passed at any required pressure a mixture
of soap and water; the material as it passes underneath this tube is
saturated evenly all over with the mixture of soap and water; when
sufficiently saturated and prepared by the milling process which takes
place between the rollers pulverized flocks of any required colour or
mixture of colours are thrown over the surface by the following means:
-I provide in suitable position as regards the pressing rollers one or
more sets of perforated boxes or sieves; these boxes or sieves are placed
one above the other. Each sieve or perforated box is provided with a
rotary brush whereby the rolling of the flocks is prevented and passed
from one sieve or box to the other, and afterwards evenly spread over the
material; the material after receiving the flocks is passed between the
pressing rollers, whereby they are forced into the fabric, producing
thereby the required mixture of colour, and at the same time improving
the nature or condition of the fabric.
NEW OR IMPROVED BELLS OR BAR. BELLS, AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ferdinand Rahles and James
Dixon MacKenzie at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 28th July 1878.
We, FERDINAND RAHLES, of South Hackney, and JAMES DIXON
MACKENZIE, of South Kensington, both in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "NEW OR IMPROVED
BELLS OR BAR. BELLS, AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists of sounding instruments made from bars of
steel or other metal or metal compositions of a straight or curved form
producing musical notes or sounds. These bars are made of any suitable
weight and dimensions according to the power of sound desired. They
are intended to be a substitute for ordinary cast bells for use in churches
or other places, and are suspended or carried in or on frames perpen-
dicularly or otherwise, the sounds being produced from them by
concussion with mallets or other mechanical contrivances worked either
by manual or other mechanical agency.

page_text: A convenient method of carrying our Invention into effect is as
follows:-
-We take a series of steel or other metal bars preferably of bell
shape, and suspend or carry them on or in a frame side by side with
sufficient space between to allow of vibration without the tone of one.
bar interfering with that of the adjacent bar or bars. Each bar is struck
by a mallet or mallets, and motion is communicated to the arms of the
mallets by cords or other suitable attachments to the outer end of the
arms, and passing down the tower or other place where the bars are
fitted. The ropes are pulled by hand or mechanically, if by the latter
means we prefer to connect the lower ends of the ropes to levers, the
ends of which are operated by the rotation of a drum or spindle with
cams or projections thereon in order to touch such levers as may be in
connection with the particular notes or sounds to be produced. Gearing
may be used for communicating motion to the drum or spindle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER WASTE PREVENTERS FOR WATERCLOSETS, URINALS, WASHING, AND OTHER APPARATUS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles William Tozer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th September 1873.
I, CHARLES WILLIAM TOZER, of 56, Treherne Road, North Brixton, in
the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER WASTE PREVENTERS FOR WATERCLOSETS,
URINALS, WASHING, AND OTHER APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
:-
This Invention has for its object the constructing of apparatus for the
supply of water to waterclosets, urinals, washing and other apparatus,
which while being contrived to prevent waste is economical in cost,
quick, simple, and effective in use, and not liable to get out of order.
This apparatus consists of a valve which after being fixed in the
bottom of a cistern has a partition across and below it, when the valve is
opened it causes some of the water in the cistern to run into a back
chamber beneath the valve, the remainder passing through the front

page_text: chamber to the service pipe (of closet, urinal, washing or other appa-
ratus), causes the force of water to thoroughly cleanse the traps of either
valve, pan, hopper, or other closets. When the valve is shut the water
in back chamber passing under or through the partition into the front
chamber, then down the service pipe, effectually traps the closet basin.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH FIRE-GRATES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bird Redish at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th December 1873.
I, WILLIAM BIRD REDISH, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Timber Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH FIRE-GRATES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to novel combinations and arrangements of fire-
bars and combustion plates, and consists,
First. As means for ensuring effective and economical combustion on
fire-grates generally as well in furnace as domestic fire-places, and also
for freeing such fire-grates of dust and incombustible matter when
necessary, I employ in combination fire-bars placed longitudinally or
transversely either in an inclined or horizontal position as regards their
bearing surface, and an inclined or vertical perforated movable com-
bustion plate or plates, the latter forming the whole or a portion of the
back or lower back of the fire-place. The modification which I prefer
has the fire-bars placed transversely and inclined downwards and back-
wards from the fire-door, and the perforated movable combustion plate

page_text: inclined upwards and backwards from the lowest bar. The fire-bars rest
on bearers in any ordinary manner, and the movable combustion plate or
plates is or are suspended on centres, hinges, or their equivalents, or
arranged to slide up and down in guide grooves, whilst the arches, doors,
and other adjuncts are of any ordinary kind.
Second. As means for ensuring economical combustion on fire-grates
generally and for allowing ashes and incombustible matter to be quickly
removed, I arrange the bars when used in combination with a movable
perforated combustion plate or plates under the above first head, or with
a stationary perforated combustion plate or plates or with a movable or
stationary unperforated combustion plate or plates in transverse inclined
series descending step-like from front to back. Large free openings for
entrance of air amongst the fuel are provided in this way.
Third. As further means for ensuring effective combustion and for
freeing my improved grates of ashes, I employ in combination an
angular or vertical movable perforated combustion plate (several plates
may be used) forming the back of the fire-grate or place and movable
inclined or horizontal fire-bars. By preference the bar or a few of the
bars next to the combustion plate or plates are made movable down-
wards, forwards, or backwards, so that the area for admission of air can
be adjusted at will, and free exit for incombustible matter provided.