IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLI- CABLE TO KNITTING MACHINES, ALSO TO FLYERS FOR TWISTING."
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Horrocks and James Horrocks, of the City of
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Machinists, and Edward Whalley, of
the same Place, Mechanic, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLI-
CABLE TO KNITTING MACHINES, ALSO TO FLYERS FOR TWISTING."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Horrocks, James
Horrocks, and Edward Whalley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents
on the 13th October 1877.
JOHN HORROCKS and JAMES HORROCKS, of the City of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Machinists, and EDWARD WHALLEY, of the same Place, Mechanic.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO KNITTING MACHINES, ALSO TO FLYERS FOR
TWISTING.
Firstly. Our improvements relate to means for stopping knitting machines when
one or more of the yarns or threads break or come to an end, and consist in
improved combinations and arrangements of mechanism.
In applying our improvements to circular knitting machines, we fix or form upon
the cylindrical part of the frame of the machine brackets or means for carrying two
rings which encircle the cylindrical frame of the knitting machine, the upper one
of these rings has fixings, each of which receives and guides vertically a wire
detector with an eye in it for the yarn to pass through in going to the hook knitting
needles; there is one of these detectors for each yarn or thread, and they are held
up by the tension of the yarn or thread when working properly, but when the yarn
or thread breaks or comes to an end, the detector drops, and its lower part comes in
the way of teeth, notches, or holes in the ring, just below the first-named ring, and
as this ring has a constant reciprocating or oscillating movement imparted to it in a
circular direction by a crank or cam, or other equivalent means actuated from
the machine, the upper or detector carrying ring is carried along with the under
oscillatory ring, as the upper ring carrying the detectors is arranged so that it can
move a short distance in a circular direction, but it is held against a stop until
rn
077

page_text: acted upon, as above explained, by a spring or weight. When the ring carrying
the detectors is moved, it acts upon a lever or levers which unlatch the stopping
lever, and a spring or weight throws the wheel clutch or other mechanism in con-
nection with it out of gear, and stops the machine.
The ring or part carrying the detectors may be fixed and the ring under it, having
teeth, holes, or notches, may be rotated continuously by a pinion on a vertical shaft,
this shaft being driven by a clutch which will have sufficient power to give motion
to the ring when unobstructed; but when one of the detectors falls so that the lower
end of such detector will enter the teeth, holes, or notches in the under ring, its
vevolving motion is stopped and the clutch which drives it slips, and its driving
projections pass out of the hollows in the corresponding driven clutch, and this
gives an end motion which acts upon the unlatching lever and stops the machine.
Instead of giving a rotary motion, the shaft may be made to give an oscillatory
movement through a driving clutch of the character above described.
The detectors in some cases may be partly balanced levers, and in some cases the
guides for guiding the yarns or threads to the knitting hooks may be formed into
levers or slides to act as detectors as well as guides.
According to another modification of our Invention, the descent of one or more
of the detectors will act upon a ring placed under them. This ring encircles the
cylindrical frame part of the knitting machine, and it has trunnions on which it is
carried on a balanced forked lever having its bearings on the frame. The ring has
a descending arm which is connected by a rod with an adjustable pin on the bracket
carrying the balanced fork lever, so that whether the detector comes upon the ring
near to or away from the fulcrum of the balanced fork lever carrying the ring, it
will have the same effect in overbalancing the forked lever. When this movement
takes place it unlatches the mechanism that acts to stop the machine, or it brings
a part in the way of a rotary or oscillatory part constantly in motion which acts
upon the latch to release the stop lever.
Our Invention in a modified form is applicable as a stop motion for knitting
machines other than circular ones, by substituting straight or other shaped bars for
the rings used in circular machines.
Secondly. Our Invention relates to flyers which may be used when putting twist
into yarn as it is drawn off a bobbin and passes to the knitting machine, or when
yarns or threads are being twisted, thrown, or spun when the twist is put in by the
spindle as the thread is drawn off the bobbin; and our Invention consists in an
improved flyer. There is a disc to fit and rotate on or with the spindle, and in
this disc two ends of a staple-shaped wire are secured; one side of the wire may bo
parallel to the axis of the spindle, the other side is curved, and against this side the
thread rest, and is guided as it unwinds from the bobbin.
The flyer may be balanced by using a second staple-shaped wire on the opposite
side of the disc, or by a balance weight on the disc.
The bobbin may be fast on the spindle and the disc of the flyer loose, or vice
versa, the flyer may be fast and the bobbin loose on the spindle.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Horrocks, James Horrocks, and Edward Whalley in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 13th April 1878.
JOHN HORROCKS and JAMES HORROCKS, of the City of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Machinists, and EDWARD WHALLEY, of the same Place, Mechanic.
'IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO KNITTING MACHINES, ALSO TO FLYERS FOR
TWISTING."
"
Firstly. Our improvements relate to means for stopping knitting machines when
one or more of the yarns or threads break or come to an end, or when there is
a knot or lump in the thread, and consist in improved combinations and arrange-
ments of mechanism.
In applying our improvements to circular knitting machines, we fix or form upon
the cylindrical part of the frame of the machine brackets or means for carrying two
rings which encircle the cylindrical frame of the knitting machine; the upper one
of these rings has fixings, each of which receives and guides vertically a wire
detector with an eye in it for the yarn to pass through in going to the hook knitting
needles; there is one of these detectors for each yarn or thread, and they are held
up by the tension of the yarn or thread when working properly, but when the yarn
or thread breaks or comes to an end, the detector drops; or when a knot or lump
comes, it, or a special detector wire for knots or lumps, is lowered and its lower
part comes in the way of teeth, notches, or holes in the ring, just below the first-
named ring, and as this ring has a constant reciprocating or oscillating movement
imparted to it in a circular direction by a crank or cam or other equivalent means
actuated from the machine, the upper or detector carrying ring is carried along
with the under oscillatory ring, as the upper ring carrying the detectors is arranged
so that it can move a short distance in a circular direction, but it is held against a
stop until acted upon, as above explained, by a spring or weight. When the ring
carrying the detector is moved, it acts upon a lever or levers which unlatch the
stopping lever, and a spring or weight throws the wheel clutch or other mechanism
in connection with it out of gear and stops the machine.
The ring or part carrying the detectors may be fixed, and the ring under it
having teeth, holes, or notches, may be rotated continuously by a pinion on a
vertical shaft, this shaft being driven by a clutch which will have sufficient power
to give motion to the ring when unobstructed; but when one of the detectors falls,
so that the lower end of such detector will enter the teeth, holes, or notches in the
under ring, its revolving motion is stopped, and the clutch which drives it slips
and its driving projections pass out of the hollows in the corresponding driven
clutch;
and this gives an end motion which acts upon the unlatching lever, and
stops the machine.
Instead of giving a rotary motion the shaft may be made to give an oscillatory
movement to act through a driving clutch of the character above described.
The detectors in some cases may be partly balanced levers, and in some cases the
guides for guiding the yarns or threads to the knitting hooks may be formed into
levers.
Our Invention in a modified form is applicable as a stop motion for knitting
machines, other than circular ones, by substituting straight or other shaped bars for
the rings used in circular machines.
Secondly. Our Invention relates to flyers, which may be used when putting
twist into yarn as it is drawn off a bobbin, and passes to the knitting machine; or
when yarns or threads are being twisted, thrown, or spun, when the twist is put in
by the spindle as the thread is drawn off the bobbin; and our Invention consists
in an improved flyer. There is a disc to fit and rotate on or with the spindle, and
in this disc two ends of a staple-shaped wire are secured. One side of the wire
may be parallel to the axis of the spindle, the other side is curved; and against
this side the thread rests, and is guided as it unwinds from the bobbin,

page_text: The flyer may be balanced by using a second staple-shaped wire on the opposite
side of the disc, or by a balanced weight on the disc.
The bobbin may be fast on the spindle, and the disc of the flyer loose, or vice
versa, the flyer may be fast, and the bobbin loose on the spindle.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation; and Fig. 2 a plan.
Fig. 3 is a side elevation; and Fig. 4, a partial end view.
Fig. 5 is a side elevation.
Fig. 6, an edge elevation; and Fig. 7, a plan.
Figs. 8 and 8 are detached views.
Figs. 9, 11, and 13 are front elevations, and Figs. 10, 12, and 14 are cross sectional
elevations.
Fig. 15 is an elevation; and Fig. 16, a plan.
Figs. 1 and 2 illustrate one, and
Figs. 3 and 4, another modification for carrying out the first part of our Invention
in connection with multi-feeding circular knitting machines.
Figs. 5, 6, and 7 are enlarged detached views of mechanism applied to detect
lumps or knots, and stop the machine when they come.
Fig. 8 shows one view of the "detectors" detached.
Fig. 8ª, another modification.
Figs. 9 and 10, 11 and 12, and 13 and 14 illustrate methods of applying stop
motions to single-feeding circular knitting machines, and when several of such
machines are placed on the same bed or support, and are actuated by the same
shaft.
Fig. 15 and 16 illustrate the second part of our Invention.
In Figs. 1 and 2, and in the other views, only so much of a circular knitting
machine is shown as will be necessary to explain our Invention; and in Figs.
and 2, and in the other Figures, parts are shown in section, and other parts,
supposed broken away, to show more clearly other parts which would be hidden by
them.
In Figs. 1 and 2, and 3 and 4, our Invention is illustrated as applied to a circular
knitting machine known as "Coltman's Patent," but, from the explanation which
follows, the application of our Invention to other circular knitting machines will be
readily understood.
a is the table supported by legs al; b are brackets for supporting part of the
machine; c is a worm wheel which is driven by a worm c¹ on a shaft c² having
bearings in the bed, on the end of which shaft there are fast and loose driving
pulleys for the driving belt, which is moved to and fro by a belt guide d on a
bar sliding in suitable guides in the table, d² being the handle by which the belt
guide is moved.
The parts above described by letters of reference are as in the ordinary
machines.
We apply three or more stands e to the table (or brackets in other circular
machines may be secured to the stationary part of the machine), and upon these
brackets (only one is shown in Fig. 1) rings are carried. The lowest ring of has as
many holes in it as there are detectors, and there is one for each yarn or thread fed
to the machine; and this ring rests upon the brackets e, and it has a concentric
slot in it for a stud e' in each bracket, and each stud has a collar for which there
is a slotted recess in the ring f, which collars form shoulders to carry another ring g,
also having concentric slots g¹, so that both the last and first-named rings f and
g can be made to move to and fro in a circular direction to the extent of the length
of their slots. In the ring g there are three or more studs (one only (92), is shown
in Fig. 1), to which studs a ring g is secured, which has also studs (one only, g*,
being shown in Fig. 1) for carrying another ring 95 for the yarns or threads to pass
over. In the ring g³ there are two small holes for each detector wire h, one for
each leg of the detector wire; but there is only one small hole for each detector
wire in the ring g, as only one leg of the wire passes through the ring. In the
ring g one of the slots g¹ is extended to receive a piece g6, which is secured to it

page_text: by a screw; by moving this piece, the length of oscillation in the ring g is
adjusted.
When the ring g is carried partly round by the action of the stop mechanism it
is pulled back again until the adjustable stop comes against the stud e¹ by a spring
g', one end of which is attached to one stud e¹, and the other end to a stud gs in the
ring g.
A bracket is attached to the lower ring f, and it is bent upwards and carries
a stud f, which enters a slot in the upper end of a lever i, having its fulcrum i¹ on
a stud in a bracket secured to the table. The lower end of this lever i is slotted
for a crank piu in a disc attached to a spur wheel on a stud in the bracket,
which wheel is geared by an intermediate wheel with a wheel on the driving
shaft 3, and thus the lower, f, receives oscillations while the machine is in
motion.
To the side of the upper ring g there is a bevel piece 9° attached, which acts upon
an incline upon the end of an upright arm j from a horizontal shaft j¹, in suitable
bearings attached to the table, this shaft having a horizontal arm which acts upon
an arm on a horizontal shaft j', in bearings under the table, which has an arm je
upon its end, which can enter a notch in the under side of the slide bar d. There
is a spring (not shown), or weight which is connected with the arm to press the
end of the other arm constantly against the under side of the slide bar d. One
end of a one-bent spring is secured to one leg (a) of the table, the other end of the
spring presses upon the slide bar d' with force enough to push the driving belt
from the fast to the loose pulley when the slide bar d' is released. The yarns or
threads to be fed to the machine are arranged to pass from the cops over and through
guides in the ordinary manner, then each yarn or thread x passes through a detector
wire h over the rings and then through the hole in the feeder, and while the
thread is passing the detectors are held up, as shown, but when the threads break or
become absent. (or slack), the detector or detectors descend, one leg passes through
the ring g and drops through the hole in the ring f, or rests upon it if the hole does
not happen at the moment to be opposite the end of the detector, and it drops
through when the hole is brought opposite the leg of the detector wire by tho
oscillation; then the lower ring f pushes the detecter, and with it the upper
rings 9, 9, and g (which are all attached), and this movement causes the incline ge
to act upon the levers and release the slide bar d¹.
The machine can be stopped by hand by moving the ring g, to which a handle
may be attached for the purpose, if desired, or by a handle on the shaft j*.
The threads are made light, to lift all the detectors before starting, by the
ordinary handle for turning the machine by hand, or by holding the slide bar d¹ for
a moment with the belt on the fast pulley at starting.
Fig. 3 illustrates a mode of applying our Invention where the detector wires are
arranged in a stationary ring, and movement for stopping is obtained from a con-
tinuous circular motion.
The ordinary parts of the machine are as usual, and as explained in reference to
Figs. 1 and 2.
The rings for the stop mechanism may be carried by separate brackets (e, see
Fig. 1), or, especially in new machines; the lower flange k is extended to form part
of and carry the rings. This extended flange k is formed with an annular recess in
its upper face, in which a ring f fits so as to rotate in it, this ring having numerous
holes under where the detector wires will come through the upper cover ring g.
The ring has also teeth on its edge which gear with a pinion g¹ on a vertical
shaft gå having bearings in the flange k at its upper end, and in the boss of a
wheel g at its lower end, which boss is held and rotates in bearings in a pedestal
secured to the table. The wheel at the lower side of the boss gears with one g* on
the part to which the worm wheel c is attached, or this boss may be geared by a
horizontal shaft and bevel wheels with the driving shaft c³.
The boss has ratchet clutch teeth on its upper edge which correspond with a
clutch g that can slide on a key on the shaft 9%, and in this part of the clutch g

page_text: there is a groove for one end of a lever j which has its fulcrum j¹ on a stud in the
bed, or on a bracket secured to the bed, and the other end of the lever presses
against the under edge of the slide bar d' for the belt guide, and enters a notch in
its edge when the slide bar is pushed forward to start the machine.
The direction of the ratchet clutch teeth must be such that they will drive the
shaft g, not when turned in the ordinary direction for such clutches, but in the
reverse of such direction, as this clutch is caused to drive the ring f when turned in
such direction by the pressure of the spring g' on the shaft g³, acting at is upper
end against a collar on the shaft, and at its lower end upon the clutch g³, so that
when a detector falls and thus stops the rotary motion of the ring f the clutch 95
will slip over the teeth of the other clutch and will lift, and consequently will move
the lever j to unlatch the slide bar d', which is acted upon by the spring j³, as
explained in reference to Figs. 1 and 2.
When the notch in the slide bar ( is released from the latch lever ; the slight
incline on the end of the slide bar (see Fig. 4), causes that end of the latch lever to
be depressed still further, and this raises the clutch g³ to a corresponding extent, so
that the clutches are held quite clear of each other. Above the flange k, and secured
to it, are the rings g³ and g, which correspond to the rings g³ and g³ in Figs. 1
and 2, except that they are secured to the flange and do not move.
For stopping the machine when lumps or knots come in the yarn or thread the
detectors may be made with but a narrow space between the two legs of the wire,
which will admit the ordinary thickness of the yarn or thread to pass, but will
not allow knots or lumps to pass, and consequently the threads are broken and the
machine is stopped before the knot or lump arrives at the needles, which lumps or
knots are liable in such cases to cause damage or breakage in the needles.
But a special arrangement for stopping the machine in the case of lumps or knots
without strain upon the needles is illustrated as applied to Fig. 3, and by enlarged
detached views, Figs. 5, 6, and 7. There is a separate detector wire in this case
for each thread, each detector having guide holes in the rings g³ and g near to those
for the other detecters h, and these lump or knot detector wires have eyes at the
upper end for the end of wire lever, having a "curl" for the fulcrum pin 2
which is carried in a bracket 13 secured by a screw to the flange k. On the same
fulcrum pin there is a wire lever * formed, as shown in Figs. 5, 6, and 7, namely,
with a narrow space for the thread to pass through but too narrow to allow the
knots or lumps to pass, and with an enlarged space 15 at the part near the fulcrum
to facilitate the threading of the yarn through the narrow space and for the removal
of fibres which may collect in the space.
The wires below the enlargement may be soldered together to keep them from
springing wider apart, if desired.
From the curl in the wire for the fulcrum of the lever the two ends of the wire
are bent at a right angle to the lever 1, and one has a small weight 1 attached to
it, sufficient to keep this arm of the lever against the projection from the
bracket, and to counterbalance the detector wire and its lever l' and resist the
rub of the passing thread. The other end of the wire from the lever is bent across
to pass over the lever l' for the detector l.
When the yarn is passing free from knots or lumps the wire levers l' and l^,
stand as shown in Figs. 3 and 5; but when a lump or knot comes it carries the
lever forward with it, and this liberates the lever l' and allows the detecter wirel
to fall and stop the machine by the time or before the lever comes against the
ring go. The bracket 13 is secured by preference by a set screw immediately under
the detector wire l, which thus admits of the bracket being adjusted round the
set screw to bring the lever 1 in the line of the thread as it passes to the detector h.
The detectors are made of bent wire, as shown in Figs. 5 and 8; the shorter leg
is screwed for a nut h', which prevents the detector from being lifted too high by
the pull of the thread. The detectors may be made, as shown by Fig. 8ª, that is,
with a solid eye h*, the lower end of the stem screwed to screw into a tubular
part h³ arranged in the solid guide h*, as shown..

page_text: The Figs. 1, 2, and 3 illustrate the mode of stopping machines driven by a belt,
but when driven by clutch gearing the lever handle is arranged to catch upon a
notch, and there is a spring to push the lever in the direction to take the clutch out
of gear when the lever handle is pushed sideways so as to be released from the
notch. The lever 1, Figs. 1 and 2, and j, Fig. 3, or others connected with them, are
in such machines made to push the clutch lever handle to one side to release it from
the notch.
Figs. 9 and 10 illustrate one mode of carrying our Invention into effect for
circular knitting machines fed with a single yarn or thread, and when a number of
such machines are on the same bed and are driven by the same shaft or are separately
driven.
Fig. 9 shows part of one end of a table, with so much of one circular knitting head
upon it as will be necessary for explaining our Invention.
The front part of the bed is supposed to be cut away to show the parts more
clearly. a is part of the bed or table; a', part of the legs or feet for carrying the
table; b represents the knitting head; b', skew bevel, which gears with a skew
bevel c¹ on the shaft c, which extends from end to end of the bed. This wheel c'
has a clutch, so that it can be slided to and fro on the shaft c by a hand lever a,
having its fulcrum at d' arranged in the ordinary manner.
The parts just above described by letters are the ordinary parts of circular knitting
machines. To make them self-stopping when a thread breaks, or a lump comes in
the yarn, the lever handle is arranged to spring a little sideways, and catch upon a
notch in a bar or other part e from the framing when the wheels are in gear, and in
attaching a spring to act to pull or push the wheels out of gear when the bandle d
is released from the notch. In this case the spring is supposed to be a bent flat
spring attached to the side of the leyer d, the free end of the spring pressing
against an upright projection from the part (e) in which the notch is formed to hold
the lever in gear.
To the bed a bracket is secured, which carries the bearings of a
shaft f, which has two arms secured to it, one f¹ of them comes horizontally under
the lever handle d, and when it lifts it pushes the lever out of its notch. The other
arm f is upright, as shown, and its end is formed to carry and guide a detector
wire h, as shown in Fig. 8, and this end of the arm comes nearly close to the feeder ม
of the machine, and the yarn or thread x passes through the detecter, and then
through the feeding eyes to the machine.
Extending the length of the bed there is a rod or shaft g in suitable bearings, so
that it can slide to and fro end ways, and at the end of the shaft there is a cross
slot, or the slot is in a part g¹ secured to the end of the shaft, and into this slot a
crank pin g works, which is on a vertical shaft gs in suitable bearings, having a
bevel wheel at its lower end gearing with one on the end of the driving shaft c;
this shaft g thus receives short reciprocations. Upon the shaft g there is an arm g
for each head, the end of which moves under the guide and holder for the detector
wire (h), and when this wire descends, from the breakage or absence of the thread,
the reciprocating arm pushes against it, and cause the lever f¹ to move and
unlatch the lever handle d, and stop this head or machine, but all the other heads
or machines on the same bed may continue working, and as the shaft g is always
reciprocating while the driving shaft is rotating, it is ready to stop them in like
manner.
For long frames the shaft g may be in two separate parts actuated by two
excentrics or cranks on the same shaft, placed about the middle of the bed, the
excentrics or cranks being placed opposite to each other so that the rods g will at
the same time be moved in opposite directions; this will balance them, and a greater
speed may be thus obtained with but little if any_vibration.
Figs. 11 and 12 show another modification. In this case the guide and holder
for the detector wire h is formed upon the part y carrying the feeder, or it is formed
on a separate piece attached to the machine. The reciprocating rod or shaft g in
this case is below the bed, actuated as shown, and for each head there is a bracket g³
secured to the rod which carries the fulcrum of a two-armed lever, or the bracket

page_text: carries a shaft, to which the two arms are secured. The end of the axis g₁ for the
arms g and may slide in guides on or secured to the bed, as shown, to prevent
the shaft from turning.
The horizontal arm 7 passes through a forked piece d³, the lower end of which is
secured in the lever handle d for the skew bevel.
When the detector wire is held up the arm 98 can pass to and fro close under the
detector wire holder, but when it descends the end of the arm g³ comes against it,
and this causes the horizontal arm g' to lift the lever handle d out of its notch, and
allow the spring to push it to one side, and thus stop the machine.
The lever handle d when pushed back by the spring is or may be made to ascend
a slight incline which will lift the handle upwards, and thus also the horizontal arm
97 of the lever, so that the end of the arm 98 will not come in contact with the
detector wire h while the lever handle is in the out of gear position.
Figs. 13 and 14 show another modification similar to that shown by Figs. 9 and
10, except that the shaft g does not move endways, but is made to oscillate by a
crank pin m in a spur pinion in gear with a spur wheel on the shaft c, the crank pin
working in a slot in an arm m¹ secured on the end of the shaft. On the shaft
there is an arm g* secured for each head, which is jointed to an horizontal bar n,
one end of which is forked, and takes on each side of a stud n! fixed in the bed,
this stud having collars which guide the forked bar in the to-and-fro movements
imparted by the arm g* on the shaft. The end of the bar n comes under the guide
and holder for the detector wire, and it is bevelled so that in moving endways,
when the detector wire has fallen, the bevel edge pushes against the detector wire and
forces the lever 2 to one side, so as to lift the horizontal arm f' and release the
lever handle d from its notch.
Figs. 15 and 16 illustrate the second part of our Invention for improved flyers
for putting in twist into yarn or thread as it is drawn off a bobbin on a spindle,
which may be used for giving twist to threads passing to knitting machines, and for
other purposes.
a is the spindle arranged in bearings and driven in any ordinary
manner; b, disc fast on the spindle, having two bent and curved wires c secured in it
as shown. One wire would do, but two wires, as shown, produce a more perfect
balance.
The wires at the top may be connected or not by a ring d, as shown. One side of
each wire ascends straight and vertically, and then descends uniformly from a point
opposite the upper inner head of the bobbin e to a point opposite the lower inner
head of the bobbin, passing through a half circle in going from one point to the
other.
The thread x passes from the bobbin, as shown, under the curved wire c (either of
them), and then to the ordinary guide wire. If the thread has to unwind from the
bobbin e on the opposite side to that shown, then the curve of the wires must be
reversed in direction. The bobbin e is loose on the spindle, but the bobbin may
be made fast on the spindle, and the flyer may be made with a long collar or boss
to rotate loose on the spindle.
It will be seen that the bobbin can be taken off and replaced on the spindle with-
out disturbing the flyer.
We have now particularly described the nature of our said Invention and the
mode of carrying the same into effect, and claim as our Invention :-
Firstly. The combination with circular knitting machines of oscillatory rings
and detector wires and mechanism for stopping the machine when a thread
is absent, substantially as herein-before described, and illustrated by Figs. 1
and 2.
Secondly. The combination of fixed parts, holding and guiding detector wires
and continuously rotating rings or wheels, and mechanism for stopping knitting
machines when a thread is absent, substantially as herein-before described, and
illustrated by Figs. 3 and 4 of the Drawings.
Thirdly. The combination with stop mechanism when a thread is absent, with
mechanism for stopping the machine when a lump or knot comes in the threads,

page_text: substantially as herein-before described, and illustrated by Figs. 3, 5, 6, and 7 of
the Drawings.
Fourthly. The combination with single feeding circular knitting machines of stop
mechanism, acting substantially in the manner herein-before described, and illustrated
by Figs. 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14.
Fifthly. The combination of stop mechanism with two or more circular knitting
machines on the same bed or table, so that any one of the "heads" may be stopped
by the mechanism without stopping the other heads, substantially as herein-before
described, and illustrated by the Drawings.
Sixthly. Combining two reciprocating rods (g), Figs. 9, 10, 11, and 12, so as
to be simultaneously reciprocated in opposite directions, substantially as herein-before
described.
Seventhly. The construction of detectors (h) and h*, substantially as herein-before
described, and illustrated by Figs. 5, 8, and 88 of the Drawings.
Eighthly. The construction of flyers for putting twist in thread as it is drawn
off a bobbiu, substantially as herein-before described, and illustrated by the
Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Horrocks, James Horrocks, and Edward
Whalley, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Tenth day of April,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.