IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CARBONIZATION OF COAL, AND IN THE UTILIZATION OF THE PRODUCTS DISENGAGED DURING THAT OPERATION IN IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF THE PRODUCTS INTENDED FOR ILLUMINATING PURPOSES, AND IN REGULATING THE FLOW THE SAME
Year: 1851

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALFRED
VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Iler
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-seventh day of May, in the fourteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Alfred Vincent Newton, Her especial license, full power, sole privi-
lege and authority, that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, my exors, adñiors,
and assigns, and such others as I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, my exors,
adiñors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from timo
to timo and at all times during the term of years therein mentioned, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales,
and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CARBONIZATION OF COAL, AND IN THE UTILIZATION OF THE PRODUCTS DISENGAGED
DURING THAT OPERATION IN IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF THE PRODUCTS INTENDED
FOR ILLUMINATING PURPOSES, AND IN REGULATING THE FLOW OF THE SAME," being
a communication from abroad; in which said Letters Patent is contained a
proviso obliging me, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain tho
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-

page_text: formed, and to cause the same to be enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference
being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Alfred Vincent Newton, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference
being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures
marked thereon (that is to say) :-
When coal is operated upon in gas works by the ordinary methods for
obtaining gas for illumination, the coke produced is not suitable for smelting
ores, and for the generation of steam in locomotives. Thero are, however,
plans by means of which coke adapted for use in locomotives and gas suitable
for illuminating purposes can be produced simultaneously by the distillation of
coal; but these plans do not in every respect satisfactorily effect their intended
object, for if the cooling of the coke is effected in the distilling chamber, as is
sometimes the case, a loss of time and of caloric ensues; whereas, on the
contrary, if the coke be extracted from the retort or distilling vessel in a state
of incandescence it will undergo a certain change by being brought into sudden
contact with air and water, whereby it will be rendered brittle, and con-
siderable loss will ensue therefrom. According to the methods at present in
use for charging the apparatus with coal and extracting the coke, a great
expenditure of time is required, and a considerable decrease in the tempera-
ture ensues. The result of thus recommencing the distillation of every fresh
charge at a low temperature will be to produce gas of an inferior quality to
that which would be obtained if the extraction of the coke were effected
without allowing the apparatus to cool, and the process of distillation were
commenced at a high temperature. Moreover, no apparatus now in use
admits of a sufficient mass of coal being operated upon at one time, to give
the necessary density to the coke.
The improved apparatus and processes forming the subject of the present
Invention are intended to overcome these disadvantages.
The objects of the present Invention are, first, to extract gas from coal,
and at the same operation to produce a quality of coke suitable for smelting
metals and generating steam in locomotives, and also to prevent, to a certain
extent, the formation of bituminous oils during the process of distillation,
and by that means to increase the illuminating power of the gas produced;

page_text: second, to regulate the flow of gas in pipes laid underground, or to supply
gas to the consumer at a more equable pressure.
I will only describe two arrangements of apparatus for carrying out the first
part of this Invention, but desire it to be understood that I do not confine
myself thereto, as various modifications and analogous arrangements may
be employed without departing from the nature and object of this In-
vention.
The first apparatus is represented in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, Sheet I. of the
accompanying Drawings. It may be made to work either with or without
an extractor, according to whether it be desired to collect the gas for
illuminating purposes, or to employ it as fuel in the carbonization of the coal.
The distinctive characteristics of this apparatus are to allow of the coal being
operated upon, and the coke discharged in largo masses to cool the coke without
the contact either of air or water to work continuously, that is, without stopping
to discharge and recharge the apparatus, the discharge of the coke being nearly
simultaneous with the introduction of a fresh charge of coke, to obtain gas
per-carburetted, or to a greater degree than is ordinarily produced, the
apparatus being maintained at a higher temperature by reason of the
simultaneous charging and discharging to apply a portion of the gas as fuel
to effect the distillation of the coal, and lastly, to cause the caloric to circulato
in such a manner as to utilize it as completely as possible.
The conditions necessary for obtaining these results are, first, that there
should be two chambers placed contiguous to each other, in such manner that
the first chamber may easily discharge its contents into the second almost
instantaneously in a lamp, and without the necessity of employing the manual
labor required in the present apparatus; second, that the caloric be caused
to circulate by means of a peculiar arrangement of channels or flues.
This apparatus is constructed of brickwork and cast and wrought iron or
other suitable metals, and is provided with ono or more fire-places or furnaces.
By means of a suitable arrangement of registers, the products of combustion
of one or more fire-places may, before proceeding to the chimney, be con-
ducted successively or simultaneously to any number of apparatus. In that
case each fire place need only furnish its own quantity of heat. Near the
fire-place or fire-places is placed the chamber in which the distillation
of the coal is effected, and which is therefore called the distilling chamber.
It is represented in the Drawing as constructed of brickwork, and has an
opening at top for the reception of the charge. This chamber is surrounded
by flues for the circulation of caloric, and is curved longitudinally to the

page_text: degree necessary for the reception of the charge of coal, and its discharge
when converted into coke. This curve must have the same radius at all
points, in order that the mass of coke may be discharged freely without
injury. This curve is so placed as to have a greater inclination at its upper
than at its lower part, and this inclination might even assume a vertical
position. The same holds good with the second chamber, which will be
described under the name of the cooling chamber. It is situated at the lower
extremity of the distilling chamber, and is intended to receive the coke there-
from and cool it. These two chambers are made to communicate by means of
doors or covers which are opened and closed by means of a crane or any
other suitable mechanical contrivance. The cooling chamber is constructed
of masonry. It is supplied with air by means of flues outside, and has a door
at its lower extremity through which the coke is extracted.
In Figures 1, 2, and 3, of Sheet I, A represents the fire-place furnished
with a door A'; B is the ash pan; C, the distilling chamber; D, the upper
opening of distilling chamber furnished with a cover D', which turns on a
hinge D2, and is worked by a chain D'; E is the lower opening of the dis-
tilling chamber, furnished with a stopper E¹; F is the cooling chamber; G,
the upper orifice of the cooling chamber furnished with a cover G'; G² is a
frame mounted on the inclined plane and furnished with a trap G³; II is the
lower opening of the cooling chamber, and is furnished with a moveable cover
for the extraction of the coke; I is the dome or top of the furnace; I', dome
for the distribution of caloric; I, flues for the circulation of caloric; I', flues
for the escape of the caloric and incombustible vapours; J is a horizontal flue,
and K, K, are channels for ventilating the cooling chamber; L is the chimney
for the extraction of the gas, and is provided with a cover L'; L³, L³, are
pipes for the extraction of the gas; L³, L³, are covers to the apertures for
cleansing the same; M is a plunger working in the hydraulic main N, and
forming an hydraulic joint; O is a chimney for conducting the gas to the
fire-place or direct to the chimney J, and having a cover O¹; P is a commu-
nicating pipe between the chimnies L and O; Q, the upper railway on which
runs a tilt waggon Q'; Q', the lower railway on which runs a moveable crane
Qs, having a counterweight Q, and worked by chains Q³, for the purpose of
opening and closing the apertures E and G by raising or lowering the covers
E¹, G¹.
The whole apparatus is constructed upon an inclined plane, the distilling
chamber G being set upon a curve, its degree of inclination increasing to the
top. This chamber is heated by means of the fireplace A and flues I²; it has

page_text: also an orifice D at its upper part (which is furnished with a cover D¹) for the
reception of the charge of coal with which it is fed by means of the tilt
waggon that runs upon the railway Q.
.
Before feeding in the coal the lower opening E is closed by the cover E'.
The gaseous products pass off through the chimney L and the pipes L' to the
hydraulic main N; this latter may if found convenient be, situated at any other
suitable part of the apparatus.
The cooling chamber F (Fig. 1), is situated at the lower extremity of the
distilling chamber. It is furnished with. the external ventilating flues
K, K. The upper opening G of this chamber is provided with a cover 2¹,
and its lower orifice. H with a cover H. When the coal, contained in
the distilling chamber has been converted, into coke, the incandescent
mass is transferred entire to the cooling chamber. F. For this purpose
the lower cover E¹ of the distilling chamber and the upper.cover G¹ of the
cooling chamber are simultaneously removed. by. means of the draw chains Q
connected with the moveable crane Q³, and the mass descends by its own
weight from one chamber to the other; the covers are then replaced and
properly luted. In order to facilitate this latter operation, the inclined bed
G³ between the two covers is lowered, and this space thus remains open until
the luting is removed. When several apparatus are set up contiguous to
each other, the products of combustion may be caused to pass from one to the
other through the flues Is. The gases not suited for illuminating purposes
may, after each operation,. be conducted to the furnace A through the flues P;
should it not be required to use any of the gases for illumination, they may be
employed as fuel to aid in the carbonization of the coal. In this case the
apparatus for extracting the illuminating gas is not employed, and the whole of
gas is treated as has been above described for the combustion of a portion.
The air necessary for the combustion of the gas is introduced through flues
adapted for that purpose, and in this case. the fire-place A is made smaller, as
it is fed only with refuse fuel.
the
It is scarcely necessary to observe that the distilling chamber may be con-
structed of metal or in several parts of fire clay, and that it may be worked
either with or without an extractor.
It is necessary when charging or discharging the distilling chamber to shut
it off from the action of the extractor, in order to avoid any admixture of air
with the gas. This is effected by means of the apparatus represented in Fig. 4
(Sheet I.). N is an bydraulic main, R is a pipe for the entrance of the
gas, S is a cylinder in which the plunger M works, its lower end being

page_text: 'made to dip into the water in the bydraulic main, and thus form a water
joint; S¹ are pipes concentric with the plunger. The plunger is affixed to
arms S³ connected to the rod S³, which rod works in the stuffing box S and
through guides S; it is provided with stop pieces So, by which its length of
stroke may be determined. The working of this hydraulic key will be under-
stood from the above description; it is scarcely necessary to observe that in
order to arrest the flow of the gas, it is only requisite to lower the plunger
into the liquid.
This apparatus may also be applied to an extractor as an hydraulic valve.
The second arrangement of apparatus is represented in Sheet II. of the
Drawings, at Figures 1, 2, and 3. The principal points of dissimilarity
between this arrangement and that represented in Sheet I. are, first, that the
cooling chamber is dispensed with; secondly, there is a difference in the form,
arrangement, and nature of the materials constituting the distilling apparatus;.
and, thirdly, the gas is obtained without the help of an extractor.
In this arrangement also the distilling chamber is curved; and the gaseous
products of distillation pass off by the pipe I. A is the fireplace, having a door
A; B, the ash-pit; C, a curved retort constructed either of cast iron or clay;
D, the upper or feed opening, having a cover D¹; E, the lower or discharge
opening, having a cover E¹, which may either be hinged or made to slide up
and down; F are flues for the circulation of caloric; G, exit flues for caloric ;
HI, horizontal flue; I, pipe for the extraction of the gas; J, plunger rod; K,
plunger; L, hydraulic main; M, railway; M³, tilt waggon.
The second part of the Invention relates to a means of regulating the flow
of gas, and may be adapted either to pipes running underground or at the
houses of consumers.
The regulator to be applied to service mains or pipes running underground
consists, firstly, of a valve whereby the section of the aperture for the flow of the
gas may be determined or regulated; secondly, a float for giving motion to the
unechanism, and which is operated by the action of the gas; thirdly, a counter-
weight for regulating the minimum degree of pressure under the influence of
which the gas is to flow; fourthly, a second weight for determining or
regulating the pressure of the gas; and, fifthly, a metal casing enclosing the
whole, so as to form one piece with the pipe. This regulator is represented in
Sheet III. of the accompanying Drawings, at Figures 4, 5, 6, and 7. A is
the entrance pipe for the gas; B, exit pipe for the same; C, the cover; D, the
casing for the valve; D', D', guide pieces; E, the float or bell suspended from
tho beam F by a flexible rod G; H, the regulating valve mounted on a

page_text: valve rod I, and having a connecting rod I'; J, J, pipes leading to the atmo-
sphere;
K, a water tank; L, bearing for the beam; L', rod mounted upon the
beam at a given angle; M, chamber occupied by gas; N, minimum counter-
weight; N', progressive counterweight or weight for regulating at will the
pressure of the gas; O, rod of minimum counterweight; P (Fig. 5), cock.
Q, Q, circular pipe: S, cheeks of the case D.
The valve H is composed of four parts; first, the valve properly so called; it
is made by preference of a rectangular form, and is mounted so as to turn very
freely; second, the casing D in which it works, having two checks S, S¹, which
enter the pipe A and chamber M. The valve in its movement is always in
contact with the cheeks S; third, the two guide pieces D', 1', fixed above and
below in opposite directions. A small hole is made in the lower one to allow
the waters of condensation to run off.
The float consists of a bell E. The metal tank K is circular, and has a
chamber at one of its sides; the large circular portion is for the reception of the
bell E, and the small chamber receives the minimum counterweight N; this
tank and its chamber are partially filled with water. On the sides of the tank
are formed two tubes, which lead to the pipes A and B, and to its flanged top
is fastened the cover C. The pipe J, J, is for the passage of air between the
level of the water and the top of the bell. In order to avoid any sudden action
of the valve, air can only pass into and out of the bell E through the pipe J, J,
the opening of which is only of a certain size. The pipe J, J, is divided below
into two branches; the first leads to the surface of the ground, and is provided
with a cock which communicates with a manometer, and thereby allows the
conditions under which the float is working to be ascertained. Near this
manometer, at one side of the tube leading thereto, is an orifice for the passage
of the air necessary for the play of the float. Through this orifice air may also
be introduced by means of a blower under the bell in quantity proportioned to
its capacity, and the orifice being plugged up the float will resist any pressure
in the chamber M, and the gas will continue to circulate as if the apparatus
were not in existence. By this means the power is reserved of neutralizing
eventually the action of the compensator upon the gas in the pipes without in any
way disturbing the surface of the ground. The office of the second branch J,
which is underground, is to allow any water to run off which might accumulate
in the pipe J, J; it terminates either in a syphon or a cock P. In the latter
case the cock is surmounted by a vertical pipe, the orifice of which is on
a level with the surface of the ground, and by means of which the cock
may by a red b opened or closed at pleasure. It is indispensable to shut

page_text: this cock when it is desired, by the introduction of air as above described
to prevent the gas from acting on the float.
At the side of the manometric cock are two other cocks communicating with
the gas pipe by means of small tubes, one placed before and the other behind
the compensator, and put into communication with the monometer in order
to ascertain the pressure of the gas before and behind the valve of the com-
pensator. These three cocks, as well as the manometer, are contained in
a casing situated near the apparatus. On a lovel with the pipes A, B,
(Figures 4, 5, 6, 7,) is a circular channel Q, Q, for the passage of the gas,
when tho capacity of the chamber M is lessened by the ascent of the bell.
The counterweight N is composed of discs of metal mounted upon the
rod O, cach being of a certain weight corresponding to a given degree of
pressure. The rod O extends below, so as to allow the counterweight to act
completely below the level of the lowest part of the pipe A, and so that
the bottom of the chamber stopping its progress shall arrest the ascent of the
bell E.
The beam F is attached at one end to the bell E, and at the other end to
the rod of the counterweight, by flexible steel rods G, G.
The apparatus thus constituted gives out the gas at a determinate pressure,
but this pressure becomes modified on passing through the pipes, in proportion
to their size and the speed at which the gas is flowing, which varies according
to the consumption. The apparatus should therefore, in order to perform
effectually, give out the gas at a pressure proportioned to the consumption,
and at progressive degrees in a ratio corresponding to the speed at which
the gas is flowing. This result is obtained by means of what the Inventor
denominates the progressive weight N', which is mounted upon the rod L'
(Fig. 1), and admits of the increase of pressure under which the gas is to
flow to be determined at pleasure. The effect of this arrangement is to
increase the action of the minimum counterweight N' in proportion to the
inclination of the beam, the play of which displaces the centre of gravity of the
progressive counterweight N¹.
The general casing (see Fig. 1) is composed of the parts above described
(viz), the tank K with its circular channel Q, Q, the valve case D, and the
cover C. This cover possesses sufficient internal capacity to allow of the
play of the beam, and is provided internally with ribs to enable it to resist the
pressure of the ground, and thus to ensure the safety of the apparatus. The
pipe A is under the influence of unregulated pressure. The valve H deter-
mines according to its position the section of the aperture for the flow of the

page_text: of
gas. The internal space M behind the valve contains the gas, the pressure
of which is regulated, and which flows out through the pipe B. The degree
pressure under which the gas is required to flow is regulated by the ascent
of the hell float E, and this ascent is determined by the action of the counter-
weights fixed to the beam F, the bell E being put in communication with the
atmosphere by the tube J, J.
In the position of the bell float, shewn in the Drawing, it is supposed that
the pressure of the gas contained in the space M, M, is greater than the
tendoncy of the float to rise. In this position the valve H acts against the
entrance of the gas until that contained in the space M, M, undergoes a
diminution of pressure which allows the float to ascend and open the valve to
the required extent. In fact, if the pressure of the gas increases in the space
M, M, the float by descending moderates by the play of the valve the entranco
of the gas; if, on the contrary, the pressure of the gas tends to diminish the
float by ascending allows of the entrance of more gas at progressive degrees
of pressure according to the rate at which it is flowing out. It is evident that
by this means a pressure is obtained, regulated according to the rate at
which the gas flows out, occasioned by a greater or less consumption. The
gas does not enter the inside of the bell float E, which is by means of a pipe
in communication with the external atmosphere; the gas in its passage
through the apparatus does not undergo any change of direction, nor does
the apparatus require to be of large dimensions. The water of con-
densation which may be in the pipes underground will occasion no incon-
venience; on the contrary, it serves to replenish the tank K, containing the
float. To conclude, the apparatus cannot be injured by damp, as all the parts
are saturated with gas.
A form of regulator more especially intended for the use of consumers is
represented at Figures 1, 2, and 3, in Sheet III. A is the entrance pipe for
the gas; B, the exit pipe for the same; C, the cover; D, a horizontal partition;
E, the bell or float; F, the beam; F¹, a segmental arm of the same; F, a steel
suspension rod; F³, the other end of the beam furnished with a counterweight
F; G, a vertical or inclined rod, provided with a progressive counterweight G¹;
H is the valve; I, in Fig. 1, is a horizontal shaft, having a fork I', and having
at its centre a spindle I, and working in a stuffing box 13; I, crank attached
to the shaft I; I, stop piece; J, atmospheric pipe; J₁ waste pipe; K, first
lower receiver; K', second receiver; L, support for the beam; M, third
receiver; P (Fig. 3), stopper to opening for drawing off water; R, air tube;
S, stop piece for the beam; T (Fig. 3), feed opening. In this arrangement,

page_text: the lower part K of the apparatus is a receiver, fed by the pipe J, for tho
products of condensation, and also for receiving any superfluous waterwh ich
may be contained in the capacity K', by the syphon pipe J. At the lower
part of this receiver K is a screw plug. P, Fig. 3, for drawing off the
water. The opening R is furnished with a pipe called a safety pipe communi-
cating with the outside of the house. Its object is to allow the introduction
or expulsion of air in the bell float E, according to its upward or downward
movement. The object of this pipe is also in case there should be a lack of
water in the apparatus, and consequently danger of gas entering the pipe J,
to carry it off from the dwelling, and by that means avoid any danger.
It will be seen, on referring to the Drawings, that the tank or capacity K¹
is filled with water as high as the upper orifice of the pipe J', by means of tho
supply pipe T, Fig. 3. The gas escapes from the apparatus through the pipe
B. D is a partition having an opening in which the valve H works, and at
the lower part of this valve, the bell or float E is attached. Above this
partition is another chamber M with a pipo A for the entrance of gas; this.
chamber is closed by the cover C, and contains the remaining mechanism of
the instrument, which is composed of the support L for the beam F, at one
end of which is attached the steel suspension rod F supporting the valve II
and the float E; at the other end F³ of the beam is a weight F*, intended
to form an equilibrium to the different parts attached thereto, and also to
determine the minimum pressure under the influence of which the gas is
compressed in the chamber K¹.
Upon the shaft of the beam is mounted a rod G, set at any required angre,
and provided with a counterweight G'. This counterweight is intended,
according to the position of the beam, to increase or diminish the valuo of the
weight F, and to modify the progressive pressure under the influenco of which
the gas is required to flow.
From the above description it will be understood that the fixed and minimum
or progressive degree of pressure may be obtained within any desired limits by
bringing either of the weights nearer to or further from the shaft of the beam
or other analogous part. For this purpose the weights are made adjustablo
either on the end of the beam or on the rod G; or the same result may be
obtained with a single weight by adjusting it in such a manner that its move-
ment shall displace it from its centre of gravity.
In the example above given, it will be observed that the beam in its longi-
tudinal extent describes an angle, which may be infinitely varied and produce the
same result; this is the same also with regard to the position of the rod G, as

page_text: respects the beam, as the means indicated consists in changing, by the play of
the beam, the centre of gravity of the counterweight or counterweights G¹ and
F. The piece S is intended to limit the course of the beam F, by adapting
tliereto two stop rods. I is a small shaft passing to the outside of the appa-
ratus through the stuffing box I, and worked by the crank I. In the middle
of this shaft is a fork I, which is capable of being brought into contact with
the spindle I" affixed to the beam. The object of this arrangement is by the
rotatory movement of the shaft to raise by the action of the fork 11 and the
spindle I that end of the beam, and with it the valve, and allow the free
passage of the gas.
It will be understood from the above description and Drawings that the gas
enters the upper chamber M through the pipe A, from thence it passes through
by the valve way to the chamber K', whence it makes its escape through the
pipe B. The opening of the valve is dependant upon the movement of the
beam, and the influence of the counterweight or counterweights, the action of
which is to raise the float E, and consequently the gas contained in the
chamber K is submitted to a given pressure, under which it flows out. Should
this pressure tend to diminish, the float will by rising open the valve and allow
an increased quantity of gas to pass. If, on the contrary, the consumption of
the
gas is less than the supply through the valves H, the pressure, by increasing
above the float, will cause the valve to descend and diminish the area of the
exit aperture for the passage of the gas.
'
It will also be understood that the greater the extent to which the valve is
open the greater will be the pressure of the gas above the float, as the bean
by its movement increases the relative power of the counterweight or counter-
weights, by displacing the centre of gravity of these latter, which arrangement
allows of the application of progressive pressure to the flow of gas.
Having now described this Invention, and the best means with which I am
acquainted for carrying the same into effect, I desire it to be understood that
I do not intend to confine myself rigidly to the details above given, as they
may be variously modified without departing from the nature of the Invention.
I would also observe that although, in order that the various improvements of
which the present Invention consists may be more clearly understood, I have
thought it necessary to explain in detail various parts which may have been
before known and in use, yet I do not by any means intend to claim them as
forming part of the present Invention, except when they are combined and
arranged in the manner berein-before set forth; but that which I consider to
be new, and therefore desire to claim as the Invention secured to me under the

page_text: :
above in part recited Letters. Patent, is, as regards the apparatus represented
in Sheets I. and II. of the accompanying Drawings..
i
First, the arrangement of the distilling chamber or coke oven. with or without
the stationary cooling chamber, in combination with the furnace or furnaces and
flues or channels for the distribution and transmission of caloric from one
apparatus to the other.
Second, I claim constructing upon a curve the chamber in which the
. operation of distillation or carbonization. is effected, which curved chamber is
placed at the degree of inclination most favorable to the feeding in of the coal
and discharging of the coke.
Third, I claim placing or arranging the cooling chamber in such a manner
that it may form a continuation of the distilling chamber.
Fourth, the mechanical arrangements and apparatus by means of which the
coal is fed into the distilling chamber, together with the other arrangements by
means of which the distilling and cooling chambers are put in communication
in order to allow the charge to pass from one chamber to the other when the
coal has been converted into coke.
Fifth, the general arrangement of the apparatus which enables the coal: to
be operated upon in such manner as to obtain coke of greater density. than at
present.
Sixth, the railway and moveable crane placed upon the inclined plane for
the purpose of working the moveable covers of the distilling and cooling
chambers.
Seventh, the arrangement by means of which the gas may be collected for
illuminating purposes or wholly or partially applied to heating purposes.
With regard to the regulator represented in Sheet III., I claim the peculiar
construction and arrangement of the same for the purpose of regulating the
flow and distribution of the gas to consumers, as above shewn and described.
And I claim particularly the use of the arm G and progressive weight G¹
in Fig. 1, and the arm and weight L' and N' in Fig. 4.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-one.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-seventh day of Novem-
ber, in the year of our Lord 1851, the aforesaid Alfred Vincent Newton came
before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the
Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified,
in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped
according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Twenty-seventh day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-one.