Improvements in Churns.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Feb., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 26th Nov., 1889-Accepted, 4th Jan., 1890
bEATOR/
AT
ODRALDICTION
Improvements in Churns.
I HENRY HARRISON DOTY of Number 11 Queen Victoria Street in the County of
Middlesex (Lighting Engineer) do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My Invention has for its object to improve the construction and action of churns in
which butter is separated from milk and cream.
In carrying out my Invention I employ a circular vessel, made from metal wood or
other material, from twelve to eighteen inches in diameter more or less, and from
twelve to eighteen inches in depth, more or less.
In the center of the bottom of this vessel I secure a step or seat to receive the
journal of an upright shaft. On the side (inside) I attach two or more webs at equal
distances from each other of about one inch in width and secured in an angular
position of about 45° all in the same direction or position and extending from within
two inches from the top to one inch from the bottom of the vessel, more or less.
I then construct a moveable cover to fit the top of the vessel, in the center of which
I make a circular opening for a perpendicular shaft; 1 also make a number of small
apertures immediately surrounding the central opening, for the passage of air when
the shaft is in motion; and outside these apertures I socure a circular web about one
fourth of an inch in height to prevent any liquid passing up through them from
spreading or running over the cover.
I secure two strong lugs opposite to each other on the top and outside of the vessel,
which are carried above the cover and made in such a manner as to secure by
means of keys or other device, a cross-bar which is connected with a frame in
which a beviled geared wheel and pinion are connected with a crank handle and
the perpendicular shaft I construct a hollow or cylindrical shaft, one inch in
diameter more or less. In the lower end of this shaft I insert and secure a plug,
having on the lower end a journal to fit into the seat or step in the bottom of
the vessel :-I then attach from two to four tubular arms, half inch in diameter
more or less to the lower end of the shaft in a horizontal position or at right-
angles with the shaft and which are inserted in the shaft in such a manner that
there will be a continuous passage or opening down through the shaft, into, and
through the arms into the body of the vessel or churn: These arms are to extend
from the shaft to within one fourth of an inch from the innerside of the vessel :-
I miter the extremities of theso arms all one way in such a manner that when
the shaft is being rotated, while there is liquid in the vessel, the fluid is drawn
out of the shaft and arms by centrifugal force and the suction at the back of the
extremety of the arms :-And air is mixed with the milk or cream "add libitum
or the air may be partially or altogether excluded from the fluid by means of a
cap or plug or sleve, which I adjust over the openings made for this purpose.
"
1 secure perforated plates of metal in a vertical position, to, and on the upper
surface of, these arms-which extend their whole length along from the shaft to
within one fourth of an inch of the webs; which latter (when the churn is in
operation) serve to prevent a full rotary motion of the fluid, which impinges with
great force on the lower face of the angular webs or flanges, and is thrown off at right
angles from its natural course, and falls in (like a whirlpool) towards the center of the
churn. The perforated plates acf vigorously upon the globules containing the butter
and they are quickly and thoroughly broken up, and produce the maximum amount
of butter from a given quantity and quality of milk, never hitherto obtained from milk
or cream in the same space of time.
FAL 1980

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Churns.
1, HENRY HARRISON DOTY of No. 11 Queen Victoria Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Lighting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :— .
My invention relates to churns and is designed to improve the construction and
action of the same.
An important feature of my said invention consists in the provision of suitable
means for arating the liquid that is to say, drawing or forcing air into and through
the same during the operation of churning.
My said invention, moreover, comprises other improvements hereinafter set forth.
In the accompanying drawing, I have shown how my said invention may ie con-
veniently and advantageously carried into practice.
Figure 1 is a plan of one forin of my improved churn.
Figure 2 is a vertical central section on the line. Figure 1, the shaft and beaters
being shown in side elevation, and,
Figure 3 is a horizontal section on the line y, Figure 2.
Like letters indicate corresponding parts throughout the drawing.
A is the harrel of the churn, is the lid or cover thereof, (!(^
convenience of moving the said churn from place to place.
are handles for
The barrel A is preferably ey in frical and is constructed of wood, metal or other
suitable material. The said farrel is provided with any convenient number of internal
ribs, projections or flanges a formed therewith or firisly attached thereto. The said
ribs, projections or flanges u are preferably inclined or placed at an angle of about 45°
with the horizontal plane, being all inclined in the same direction. The said ribs or
projections preferably extend to within about two inches of the top of the barrel A and
to within ahont an inch of the Lottom thereof. The barrel & is provided with a block
or piece b adapted to receive and form a suitable footstep bearing for a journal formed
upon a plug or solid portion e at the lower extremity of an upright or vertical hollow
shaft or spindle d. This shatt is provided near its upper end with holes d for the
admission of air as hereinafter descritad. The lid or cover B is removable and is
arranged to fit tightly upon or into the top of the barrel A, a suitable opening
heing provided in the centre of the sail cover for the hollow vertical shaft or spindle d.
, are small apertures in the said cover around the said central opening. These
apertures permit the passage of air into and from the barrel A. is a circular web
ur flange secured to the cover B around the said apertures to prevent any liquid
which may pass up through the apertures from spreading or running over the said
cover. A portion B' of the lil or cover B is, moreover, preferably hinged or jointed
at B to the main portion thereof, for convenience of obtaining access to the interior
of the barrel A.
9, 9 are lugs firmly secured to the upper end of the barrel A and provided with
serow-threaded portions y' and fly-nuts or wing-nuts 2 by means of which a cross-
bar or cross-piece is firmly secured upon the said barrel. is a bracket formed
on or firmly attached to the said cross-lar or cross-pieco h. In suitable bearings
in this bracket is supported a spindle provided at one extremity with a crank
handle and at the other extremity with a mitre or bevel wheel which is geurod
with another mitre or bevel wheel secured to the upper end of the hollow shaft
or spindle d. is another bracket also secured to lie cross-bar or cross-piece k
for affording an additional support to the hollow shaft or spindle d.
m, m are hollow or tubular arms or beaters secureil to the lower end of the
hollow shaft or spindle d at right angles, or approximately at right angles thereto
and in such a manner that there is a continuous passage or opening through the
said shaft and aruis or beaters into the interior of the barrel A. The arms or
beaters m extend to within about a quarter of an inch of the ribs, projections or

page_text: flanges a upon the inner surface of the barrel A. The free extremities of the arms
or beaters m are mitred or bevelled all in one direction as shown, so that, when
the shaft d is rotated, while there is liquid in the barrel A, the said liquid will
be drawn out of the hollow shaft or spindle d and the arms or beaters m by
centrifugal force and air will be drawn through the holes d' in the hollow shaft d
and passing through the latter and through the arms or heaters m will mix with
the said liquid. n is a collar or sleeve arranged to slide longitudinally upon the
hollow shaft d so that it can be adjusted to partially or entirely close the said
holes d' and thus regulate the admission of air. The upper end of the hollow
shaft is closed by means of a cap or plug o which may also be removed to admit
nir to the interior of the barrel A through the hollow shaft or spindle d.
P. P are perforated plates of metal or other suitable material firmly secured to the
upper surfaces of the arms or beaters m and extending throughout their length.
When the apparatus is in operation, the perforated plates p cause the fluid to
impinge with great force against the ribs, projections or flanges a and to be thrown
off therefrom and fall in towards the centre of the barrel A thus creating a species of
vortex or whirlpool.
The said perforated plates, moreover, act very efficiently upon the globules in the
cream or milk containing the butter, and quickly and thoroughly break them up, so as
to produce the maximum amount of butter from a given quantity and quality of
cream or milk.
Moreover, owing to the aerating action of the apparatus, the caseine of the milk or
cream is extracted, and consequently the butter produced will keep sweet and fresh.
It is obvious that I can somewhat further modify the construction of my improved
churn without departing from the nature of my invention. For instance, instead of
placing the churn-barrel and hollow shaft or spindle in a vertical position, and the
arms or beaters horizontal, the said barrel and shaft or spindle may be arranged
horizontally and the arms or beaters vertically.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I wish it understood
that what I claim is :-
First A churn provided with suitable means for drawing or forcing air into the
liquid contained therein, for the purpose above specified.
Second-The employment in a churn, of a hollow shaft or spindle and hollow arms
or beaters, substantially as, and for the purpose, set forth.
Third The hollow arms or beaters having bevelled ends and provided with
perforated plates, substantially as, and for the purposes above specified.
Fourth-The combination of parts comprising the hollow shaft or spindle provided
with the apertures for the adinission of air, and the collar or sleeve fitted to slide
longitudinally upon the said shaft, with or without the plug or cap, all substantially
as and for the purpose, above specified.
Fifth The combination of a churn-barrel having internal inclined ribs, projections
or flanges, a hollow shaft or spindle and hollow arms or beaters provided with
perforated platos, substantially as and for the purposes, set forth.
Sixth The improved churn constructed substantially as described with reference
to the accompanying drawing and operating in the manner above specified.
Dated this - No 1080
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.