Year: 1888

page_text: A communication from abroad by GEORGE WESTINGHOUSE, Junior, or Iittsburg,
County of Alleghany, State of Pennsylvania, United States of America,
Engineer.
1, WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON F.C.S., M.I.M.E. of the Agency for Foreign
Patent Solicitors, 6 Lord Street, Liverpool, & 6 Bank Street Manchester both in the
County of Lancaster, & 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex,, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
The invention relates to an organization of circuits and apparatus for indicating
the current upon any given circuit, and the object is to provide convenient means for
measuring and determining at the central station the difference of potential upon the
work circuit.
The invention consists in introducing into the circuit of the volt-meter an opposing
electromotive force, the amount of which is proportional to the current delivered to
the work-circuit, and therefore approximately proportional to the fall of potential in
transmission.
In the accompanying drawing, figure 1 is a diagram illustrating the general
organization of the apparatus, and figure 2 illustrates a modification.
Referring to the figures, A represents a suitable source of alternating, undulatory
or pulsatory currents and W.a work circuit connected therewith by conductors L
and L'. Translating devices d, d, are connected in multiple are in the work circuit.
The primary coil p of a converter C is connected in series with the translating
devices in the direct circuit of the conductor L'. The secondary coil s' of the con-
verter is connected by conductors 1, 2, 3, between the conductors L' and L. The
conductors 2 and 3 are connected with each other through a suitable indicator, such
for instance, as a Cardew volt-meter B. The currents from the generator may be
considered, for convenience, as flowing in the direction indicated by the arrows r.

page_text: The induced current in the coil s¹ will then be in the direction indicated by dotted
arrow y. The value of this induced current or opposing electromotive force may be
modified by means of a switch S, capable of being placed in contact with different
switch-points t, 3, 13, connected with different points in the length of one of the
coils as s. By suitably adjusting the relative values of the two coils, the indication
of the volt-meter may be modified in any required proportion to the current flowing
in the conductors L, L, and when once adjusted to the conditions of the circuit, will
show the difference of potential applied to the translating devices.
In figure 2 the converter Of has its secondary coils connected through the
secondary coil of a secondary converter C, instead of being directly connected
across the lines L and L². The primary coil p² of the converter C has its terminals
connected with the lines L' and L respectively. This converter C may be constructed
to reduce the potential of the current received by the coil p in any convenient ratio,
in case the current upon the lines L' and I is of too great a potential to be itself
conveniently employed. In this instance the lines L' and L are represented as being
connected through the primary coils p³ of a converter (, while the work-circuit W is
derived from the secondary coil s³.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me
by my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. The combination with a source of electricity and a work circuit supplied there-
from, of an electric converter having its primary coil connected in series with the
work-circuit and its secondary coil connected in multiple are therewith, and an
electric indicator connected in the circuit of the secondary coil, substantially as
described.
2. In an indicator for electric circuits, the combination of a converter having its
primary coil adapted to be connected in series with the work-circuit and its secondary
coil connected to the terminals of the source of electricity, and an indicator operated
by resultant currents traversing the secondary coil of the converter.
3. The combination with a source of electricity, and a work-circuit, of the lines L³, L²,
supplying currents thereto, the converter C'having its primary coil p¹ connected in
the line L, a circuit including the secondary coil st, means for causing a current to
traverse the coils which current is dependent upon the difference of potential at the
terminals of the source of electricity and upon the opposing action of the converter,
and the indicator B connected in the circuit of the coil s¹.
4. In an indicator for electric circuits, a converter having one coil connected in
series and the other coil connected in multiple are with the work circuit, and an
indicator operated by currents transversing the last-named coil, substantially as
described.
5. In an indicator for. electric circuits, the combination of a converter having one
coil connected in series and the other in multiple are with the work circuit, an indicator
operated by currents traversing the latter coil, and means for varying the relative
values of the two coils.
6. In an indicator for electric circuits, a converter having a primary coil receiving
currents proportionate to the consumption in the work-circuit and its secondary coil
traversed by resultant currents due to the currents induced therein and to currents
proportionate to the difference of potential at the terminals of the source, an electric
indicating device connected in the secondary circuit, and means for varying the active
length of the secondary coil.
7. In an indicator for electric circuits, a converter having a primary coil receiving
currents proportionate to the consumption in the work-circuit and its secondary coil
traversed by resultant currents due to the currents induced therein and to currents
proportionate to the difference of potential at the terminals of the source, and an
electric indicating device connected in the secondary circuit.
8. The herein before described method of indicating the difference of potential upon
an electric circuit, which consists in introducing in the circuit of an indicator deriving

page_text: currents from the said circuit, an opposing electromotive force which is approximately
proportional to the current in the work circuit.
9. The heroinbefore described method of indicating the difference of potential
existing upon an electric circuit which consists in introducing into an indicating
circuit traversed by electric currents, an opposing electromotive force the amount of
which is proportional to the current delivered to the work circuit and approximately
proportional to the fall of potential due to the transmission to the work circuit.
10. The hereinbefore described method of indicating the difference of potential at
the work circuit of a system of electric distribution, which consists in deriving a
current proportional to the difference of potential at the source of currents and in
opposing thereto an electromotive force proportional to the current delivered to the
work circuit, substantially as described.
11. The combination with the source A, and the lines L', L', leading therefrom, of
the converters C and C, the former having its coils p' connected in the conductor L',
and the latter having its coils p² connected between the conductors L'and L³, a circuit
including the coils and s², and the indicator operated by currents traversing the
last-named circuit, substantially as described.
Dated this 90th
C
1000