matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF MAGNESIA AND SULPHATE OF CALCIUM
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hermann Wedekind at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd April 1881.. A communication
from abroad by Hans Hauenschild, of the City of Berlin, Empire of Germany.
HERMANN WEDEKIND, of Fenchurch Street, in the City of London. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF MAGNESIA AND SULPHATE OF CALCIUM."
A communication from abroad by Hans Hauenschild, of the City of Berlin, Empire
of Germany.
The object of this Invention is to economically produce magnesia in a dense
form and simultaneously obtain or produce sulphate of calcium (gypsum) and this
desirable result may be attained in the manner hereinafter set forth.
1. I place either powdered magnesian lime stone, or dolomite, or lime containing
siliciferous carbonate of magnesia, or the paste of the hydrate (i.c., the burnt
magnesian lime stone slaked to paste with water) in a solution of chloride of
magnesium heated to a minimum of 120° centigrade, until saturated, at the same
time introducing superheated steam whilst continuously stirring it. The pressure of
this steam should be at least equal to two atmospheres, and this pressure at the
same time can be used as the motor for the rotation of suitable stirring apparatus.
The chloride of calcium (Ca Cl.) held in the solution formed may be separated in
any of the known methods, the magnesia being precipitated as carbonate or as a
hydrate. To this warm mixture of chloride of calcium natural or artificial hydrated
sulphate of magnesia (Mg O, SO, + 7 H. O) in powder or in solution is added until
saturation, and thus a solution of chloride of magnesium will be formed, whilst the
sulphate of calcium which is simultaneously formed is precipitated. The chloride
of magnesium is then separated from the gypsum (sulphate of calcium) and again
warmed to 120° centigrade, and may be again used.
Or the following process may be employed:
2. The powder or the paste of the before mentioned carbonates or hydrates may
be placed in wood tar water or raw vegetable acid, at the same time continually
stirring the mixture and gently warming it. Thus there is formed from the acid
portions of the tar water, or from the raw vegetable acid, a soluble combination
with lime and an unsoluble combination with magnesia. The solution of the lime
is mixed with sulphuric acid until saturated, and the acids then set free may be
distilled for further use; the precipitate in this case being sulphate of calcium
(gypsum). The insoluble combination with magnesia is also distilled, and the two
distillates are again used for the separation of the magnesia from magnesian lime
stone. The form in which the magnesia is obtained is so dense that it is admirably
adapted for the manufacture of basic bricks.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO STEAM SHIPS OR OTHER VESSELS, WAREHOUSES, OR STOREROOMS, AND WAGONS FOR CARRYING OR STORING FRUIT OR OTHER PERISHABLE ORGANIC MATTERS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Augustus Cochrane at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th June 1881.
GEORGE AUGUSTUS COCHRANE, of Montreal, Canada, and of New York, in the
State of New York, but temporarily at Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
" IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO STEAM SHIPS OR OTHER VESSELS,
WAREHOUSES, OR STOREROOMS, AND WAGONS FOR CARRYING OR STORING FRUIT
OR OTHER PERISHABLE ORGANIC MATTERS."
In the fruit carrying trade it is no uncommon thing for a steamer laden with
fruit, less than two weeks before in a perfect state of preservation, to arrive with
the large portion of the cargo utterly spoiled, especially is this the case with fruit
packed in the after portion of the vessel abaft the engines.
The causes of this are threefold, bad mode of packing, want of ventilation, and
the heat engendered in the after hold, especially by the engines, and to a lesser
extent by fermentation.
Now my present Invention is designed to do away with two of these evils,
want of ventilation and excessive beat, and I purpose before a month elapses
to apply for a Patent for another Invention to overcome the third evil, bad mode
of packing.
My Invention consists, first, in perforating all the decks below the maindeck
with numerous holes, and arranging the freight so as to allow air to circulate
freely in a vertical direction from the ventilators on the ship deck to the bottom
of the hold.
Second. In arranging a space at the very bottom, a foot or two in depth,
partially vacant and partially filled with any absorbent of the gases of decompo-
sition, such as charcoal, lime, or even soil.
Third. I form the sides of the vessel and the bulkheads, especially the one
separating the engine room from the after hold, with one or more thoroughly
ventilated air jackets, forming one or more nonconducting bulkheads of air as it
were, with an inlet and exit ventilator to each. This shuts off the heat of the
engine room from the cargo.

page_text: Fourth. When the outer air is sultry I take cold dry air, not air refrigerated by
contact with ice (which is necessarily moist), but air cooled by compression and
subsequent expansion, and pass this air through the cargo to the bottom of the
hold and out through the exit ventilator; by this means the cargo is kept dry as
well as cool, and the sweating and spoiling of the fruit avoided.
Fifth. I apply this system of perforated floors and vertical through ventilation
to buildings, storerooms, and wagons for storing or carrying perishable organic
matter, and the ventilated air jackets to the shutting off of the heating action of
the rays of the sun or other source of heat; also the arranging of a bottom space,
either empty or partially filled with absorbent matter, in places where fruit or
vegetable matters are stored. My apparatus can be used to keep the cargo warm
instead of cold if required.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN GAS ENGINES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th January 1881. A communi-
cation from abroad by Heinrich Nix and Carl Otto Helbig, both of Lindenau-
Leipzig, in the Kingdom of Saxony.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer.
" IMPROVE-
MENTS IN GAS ENGINES." A communication from abroad by Heinrich Nix and
Carl Otto Helbig, both of Lindenau-Leipzig, in the Kingdom of Saxony.
This Invention relates more particularly to hydrogen gas engines, and consists
chiefly in producing the gas necessary to drive the engine by the power of the
engine itself, by using a part of its power for driving a dynamo-electric machine
which decomposes water, and in using the oxygen and hydrogen so produced for
driving a working piston of the engine in a manner analogous to the application
of coal gas for driving an ordinary gas engine, the heat of combustion being
further utilized for heating or evaporating the water which is to be decomposed.
The mechanism for attaining this result is constructed as follows:-The working
cylinder of the engine is provided with a ram piston transmitting the power upon
a crankshaft by means of a connecting rod, and three valves situated at the back
of the cylinder are worked by means of a horizontal shaft driven by the crankshaft,
one valve being for the admission of gas and atmospheric air, the second for
the ignition of the gas and air mixture, and the third for the discharge of the gases
of combustion after they have been caused to circulate around the decomposing
chamber, thereby heating or evaporating the water before it is decomposed by
electricity. The water jacket surrounding the cylinder communicates also with the
decomposing chamber, and the inner walls of the cylinders are cooled at every
revolution by water entering into the front part of the cylinder through two ports
communicating with the water jacket.
The decomposing chamber consists of glass cells, through the top of which pass
two conducting wires, and which contains the metal plates or anodes surrounded by
water or steam. The hydrogen produced is conducted to a gas holder which
communicates with the feed valve (first valve) above mentioned, while the oxygen
is collected in another gas holder, from which it is admitted to the engine as
required. The dynamo-electric machine receives its motion from the crankshaft
by means of pulleys or toothgearing.
For starting the operation a small quantity of hydrogen is produced chemically
in a flask communicating with the hydrogen gas holder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR ' APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN WORKING' CELLULOIDS OR OTHER MATERIAL USED IN THE FIXING OF ARTIFICIAL TEETH
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Binney Gibson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th July 1881.
THOMAS BINNEY GIBSON, of Hebden Bridge, in the County of York, Mechanical
Dentist and Machine Maker. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR ' APPARATUS
TO BE EMPLOYED IN WORKING' CELLULOIDS OR OTHER MATERIAL USED IN THE
FIXING OF ARTIFICIAL TEETH."
Hitherto the celluloids have been placed between the moulds and forced into
position, the result being that a great many are spoilt by contact with steam,
breakage, warping, or other defects. This Invention is constructed as follows:-
I construct the flask so that it is closed before the substance of the celluloid is
introduced, this being done through a pipe in the flask communicating with a
cylinder and piston in which the celluloid or other material is placed. The whole
is enclosed in a boiler or steam chest. The celluloid substance when reduced to a
plastic state is forced through the tube into the flask, and a perfect plate is made.
The flask being closed no steam comes in contact with the celluloid substance.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN CHROMOGRAPHIC PRINTING AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th May 1881. A communication
from abroad by William H. Forbes, of Boston, State of Massachusetts, United
States of America.
Herbert John HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CHROMOGRAPHIC PRINTING AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR." A commu-
nication from abroad by William H. Forbes, of Boston, State of Massachusetts,
United States of America.
The improvements consist in producing chromographic designs by printing on a
single sheet, first from a lithographic stone or its equivalent one of the series of
impressions which with others constitute the design, and immediately after or
before the ink has dried, printing on said sheet from relief plates or their
equivalents the other impression or impressions in continuous sequence; and for
these purposes the combination in an organized machine of a form or surface
adapted for printing in the lithographic manner with one or more forms or surfaces
adapted for printing in the typographic manner. Also the combination of litho-
graphic inking and damping rollers and typographic inking rollers with a lithographic
printing surface or its equivalent, and one or more typographic printing surfaces or
their equivalent.
The improvements are performed by combining in one machine lithographic
stones with their rollers, and type set up in suitable forms with its rollers; the
actual rollers, stones, and type being similar to those at present in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GUMMING THE FLAPS OF ENVELOPES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by. Jasper Wetter at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th April 1881. A communication from
abroad by Louis Peter Boudier and John F. Ellis, both of Toronto, in the
Dominion of Canada.
JASPER WETTER, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of Patents,
of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR GUMMING THE FLAPS OF ENVELOPES." A communication from
abroad by Louis Peter Boudier and John F. Ellis, both of Toronto, in the Dominion
of Canada.
The Invention relates to a machine in which the blanks are carried upon a table
receiving a vertical movement by positive mechanism, the gum block for applying
the gum to the flaps being attached to an arm connected to operating mechanism,
which imparts a reciprocating movement to the block causing it to pass over a
continuously revolving cam roller which applies sufficient gum to the block at each
stroke of the arm to gum one blank. The ratchet mechanism for raising the
blanks is connected to an arm which rests on the pile of blanks, the upward
movement of which imparts through this arm a movement to the ratchet teeth,
which raises the block carrying the blanks a distance equal to the thickness of one
blank. Endless straps revolving around drums situated below the gumming
are arranged to receive the blanks as they are separately removed by a picker, the
revolving straps carrying the blanks to a convenient point where they are arranged
by the operator.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BENDING AND SHAPING MACHINES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th August 1881. A communication
from abroad by Constant Hippolyte Gillot, of St. Quentin, France.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BENDING AND SHAPING MACHINES." A communication from abroad by Constant
Hippolyte Gillot, of St. Quentin, France.
This Invention consists in constructing the machine with two parallel metal
plates united by two screws, one of which is provided with a hand wheel, and the
other with a nut, these two screws serving to vary the distance between the two
plates. Between the latter operates a curved knife or tool pivoted to one of the
said screws, and provided at the opposite end with a handle. The working face of
the knife or tool is curved or shaped according to the work for which the machine
is intended.
IMPROVEMENT
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Muir Tyrer at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd August 1881.
JOHN MUIR TYRER, of Crosby, in the County of Lancaster.
IN VELOCIPEDES."
"IMPROVEMENTS
This Invention has for its object mainly the construction of bicycles (or
velocipedes similarly mounted and driven), so that driving wheels of larger
diameter than usual are admissible, and is chiefly designed for racing purposes.
I form a parallel groove in each side of the fork, or construct a double or other
fork so as to form a groove.
In this is mounted a vertically moving slide block or wheel carrying the pedals.
on a pin or bolt passing through. Connecting rods or links connect these blocks or
wheels with the cranks of the driving wheels, and the cranks or links (or both)
may be slotted to adjust the length of stroke. If the slide is not of wheel or
spherical form it can be fitted with or run against friction rollers or spheres to
reduce friction.
The rider works his legs up and down vertically, and so transmits motion to the
driving wheel, and is from his position always over his work.
It is obvious that I may vary the mechanical details of my Invention without
departing from the principle theroof..
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAVELLING TRUNKS, DEED BOXES, AND OTHER BOXES MADE OF SHEET METAL
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Highfield Jones at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th March 1881.
WILLIAM HIGHFIELD JONES, of the Firm of Jones Brothers and Company,
of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Japanners and Tin-plate Workers.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAVELLING TRUNKS, DEED BOXES, AND OTHER BOXES MADE
OF SHEET METAL"
The object of this Invention is to strengthen the top, bottom, sides, and ends of
a trunk or box made of sheet metal, and the Invention consists in employing bars
of wood fixed to the surface of the metal, either inside or outside the trunk or box,
as may be desired. In the case of the top, bottom, and sides, the bars of wood are
fixed longitudinally of the trunk or box, and in the case of the ends, transversely.
The bars of wood are held to the sheet metal by metal shoes riveted to the sheet
metal, and enclosing the ends of the bars, and also by screws fixed intermediately
of the ends, or by other suitable means. The bars of wood on the bottom of the
trunk or box, when placed outside, serve to raise the same above the floor or ground,
in addition to strengthening the sheet metal. The outside bars of wood also tend
to prevent objects from striking against the sheet metal.
IN KNIVES FOR PEELING AND PARING. VEGETABLES AND FRUITS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hermann Brandes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th June 1881.
HERMANN BRANDES, of Hamburg, in the Empiro of Germany.
IN KNIVES FOR PEELING AND PARING. VEGETABLES AND FRUITS."
"IMPROVEMENTS
The improvements consist in passing through the main blade of the knife a
subsidiary blade disposed at a slight angle to the main blade, or having its cutting
surface placed at an angle to the cutting surface of the main blade. The main
blade is blunt for three fourths of its length or thereabout, to serve as a guide and
guard to the cutting and sharp edge of the subsidiary blade. Also in furnishing
said subsidiary blade or the main blade with a screw attachment or other device
for holding the blades in their respective positions, and to allow of the easy
removal of the subsidiary blade for cleaning.
AN IMPROVED HEATING APPARATUS FOR HORTICULTURAL AND OTHER PURPOSES TO WHICH THE SAME IS APPLICABLE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Harry Abrey at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th May 1881.
RICHARD HARRY ABREY, of Number 19, Wyatt Road, Highbury, in the County
of Middlesex. «
AN IMPROVED HEATING APPARATUS FOR HORTICULTURAL AND
OTHER PURPOSES TO WHICH THE SAME IS APPLICABLE."
My Invention consists of an improved beating apparatus for horticultural and
other purposes to which the same is applicable, and in which as distinguished from
such apparatus as usually constructed and applied the boiler instead of being placed
outside the hot house or other place to be heated, the said apparatus is arranged
within the house or other place to be heated. And instead of the products of
combustion passing up the usual way, they are led away from the boiler in a pipe
or pipes (according to the size of the boiler employed) within the house or other
place to be heated. And the said flue pipe or pipes is or are surrounded with an
exterior pipe along which the water from 'the boiler is caused to travel, and I
thereby utilize the heat from the products of combustion which would otherwise be
wasted.
Also by my Invention I am enabled to readily clean the smoke flue or flues by
means of a wire or wires and brush attached to the same, and the said wire or
wires kept in the flue or flues.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PRESSING AND FINISHING TEXTILE FABRICS, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER THEREFOR.
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Luke Smethurst at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd August 1881.
LUKE SMETHURST, of Stainland, near Halifax, in the County of York.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PRESSING AND FINISHING TEXTILE FABRICS,
AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER THEREFOR.'
"
This Invention relates to machinery or apparatus for pressing and finishing
woven fabrics. Hitherto woven fabrics have been pressed and finished by means
of press plates around which they were folded, a sheet of paper being placed within
each fold of material.
My Invention consists in winding the fabric and a continuous sheet of paper
around a roller. The fabric and paper travel together over one or more hollow
rollers heated by steam or other means, and the paper and fabric are wound
together around a roller, another heated hollow roller resting upon the same so as
to press thereon with considerable pressure.
This latter roller is placed in bearings, and can be raised and lowered according
to size of roller underneath, and its pressure thereon can also be regulated by
means of weights or other means.
The paper I employ consists in a combination of calico or other woven material
and paper. The paper is made by pasting or otherwise fastening a piece of calico
or other woven fabric between two sheets of paper.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CORE BARS FOR PIPE CASTING
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Houston Stewart Stewart at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th August 1881.
HOUSTON STEWART STEWART, of Palace Chambers, Bridge Street, Westminster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CORE BARS FOR PIPE CASTING."
This Invention has for its object the construction of collapsing core bars for pipe
casting in a more convenient and effecient manner than has hitherto generally been
the case.
The Invention consists in forming the core bar in four segments. Three segments
are all continuous throughout the entire length of the bar. Two of the segments
are hinged or jointed to a third either by continuous hinges, by knuckle joints, or
otherwise in such a way as to allow them to open and close freely when the key
piece is not in use. The abutting parts at the backs of the hinges or joints how-
ever prevent the segments from opening further than is necessary to form the
required circle. The fourth segment or key piece when in position serves to
complete the circle and hold the remaining segments in position, and is connected
by any required number of hinged stays or distance pieces in such a manner as to
admit of a movement similar to that of a parallel rule. Thus when the key piece
is moved backwards or forwards between the segments on each side of it it
describes an arc of a circle, whose radius is the length of the stays or distance
pieces. A suitable stop prevents the key pieces from moving further than the
position which places the stays at right angles with the axis of the core, and it is
in this position that the key piece wedges the adjoining segments apart so far as to
form a complete circle.
As an additional means of preventing the segments from opening further than is
required to form a circle, the key piece may be furnished with projections which
fit into corresponding indentations in the neighbouring segments.
A screw or other suitable arrangement is applied at one or both ends of the core
for wedging and releasing the key piece.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN LOCKS OR FASTENINGS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left, by Alfred Arthur Bedford at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th May 1881.
ALFRED ARTHUR BEDFORD, of Clapham, in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOCKS OR FASTENINGS."
My Invention relates to improvements in locks or fastenings for railway carriage
or other doors, and has for its object an easier and more certain action combined
with fewer parts and greater security when fastened than is the case with locks
or fastenings hitherto used for the purpose.
My Invention consists in a handle having a central stem or bolt which is fitted
to and works through a metal plate secured on the outside face of the door. On
the stem or bolt between the handle and door is an arm or hasp for engaging in a
catch fixed on the door jamb, as hereafter more particularly described.
The inner portion of the stem or bolt is formed with a screw thread on which is
a nut formed or not on one side with a plate or washer which bears against a
plate let into the wood work of the door. Surrounding the inner end of the stem
or bolt between the nut and a plate on the inside of the door is a spiral spring, the
inside plate being finally secured to the door or to the inner plate by screws, bolts,
or otherwise as found most suitable.
To fasten the door, the handle with its stem or bolt is pressed inwards, thereby
compressing the spiral spring. The handle is then turned until the arm or hasp
on its stem or bolt enters the catch on the door jamb and arrives at the "fastened"
position or opposite to a notch or recess in the catch, which notch or recess by the
action of the spiral spring it is caused to enter, and the handle is thereby locked'
or prevented from leaving the catch. When it is required to unfasten the door
the handle is pressed inwards as before, and being turned the arm or hasp
(previously released from the notch or recess) is moved out of the catch. To
prevent the handle from being turned too far in the "unfastened" position, a small
pin or stud on the nut may be caused to come against some fixed part of the lock.
Or if desired the stem or bolt may be furnished for this purpose with a square
collar or shoulder which will take into a similar hole on the inner plate when the
handle is in the "fastened" and "unfastened" positions respectively.

page_text: By this Invention, in the case of railway carriages, the danger of doors becoming
unfastened through breakage and consequent slipping of the present locks is
avoided.
The amount of wood work required to be cut away from the doors is also
reduced to a minimum, and if one of the spiral springs breaks it can easily be
replaced by unscrewing the inside plate.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PRINTING INK
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hans Brackebusch at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th March 1881.
HANS BRACKEBUSCH, of 118, Wilhelmstrasse, Berlin, in the Empire of Germany,
Doctor of Philosophy. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PRINTING
INK."
This Invention consists in dispensing with linseed oil varnish, generally used in
the manufacture of printing ink, and manufacturing same substantially as herein
described, whereby such ink can be produced, firstly, at a cheaper rate; secondly,
ink manufactured according to this Invention will have a more glossy appearance,
and will also dry quicker, and with greater eveness of color.
According to one description of black printing ink, I take,---
25 parts of paraffine oil, and
colophonium,
45
21
"
which are mixed by melting in about 80 degrees of heat, or by trituration at the
ordinary temperature, after which I add 15 parts of soot or lampblack.
For newspaper printing ink for rotary printing presses, instead of 45 parts of
fine colophonium, I only use 40 parts; in other respects the composition will be the
same as that first described.
For accidental colors (black) will be prepared similar do that first stated, only
with the addition of gum damar instead of colophonium, according to the purpose
for which it is to be used; I do not wish to limit myself to the above named pro-
portions, as these will vary according to the quality of ink required and the
materials used. If it is desired to make colored ink instead of black, the soot or
lampblack must be substituted by the desired color. For certain purposes, for
instance, for a cheaper description of ink, a less expensive oil may be employed
than paraffine oil, such as rosin oil (for example); also instead, colophonium,
Gallipoli oil, Burgundy rosin, or pine tree rosin (for example) may be employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CON- NECTED WITH STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES, JARS, AND SIMILAR RECEPTACLES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Robert Landon and George
Legrand at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th October
1881.
HENRY ROBERT LANDON, of Stoke Newington, and GEORGE LEGRAND, of
Islington, both in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CON-
NECTED WITH STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES, JARS, AND SIMILAR RECEPTACLES."
"3
This Invention relates to the stoppers employed for closing bottles, jars, and
similar receptacles, which may be of the kind now generally employed, or which
may be of special form, as hereinafter set forth. According to this Invention the
bottle or jar is formed with an internal groove or recess running nearly around its
neck, the upper wall of said groove being "cut away at two or more points to
admit the lugs or catches formed on the stopper. The body of the stopper is made
in two parts, which may be of wood, porcelain, glass, or other suitable material, the
upper part being adapted to revolve on the lower, to which it is secured by a screw
or rivet.
This arrangement prevents any twisting of the cork when it is thrust into the
bottle. The lugs or Hanges before referred to are secured to or form part of the
stopper, while that portion entering the neck of the bottle below the internal
groove is preferably covered with a thin layer of cork, and carries a rubber ring or
other packing, which finds its seat on a ledge or incline formed in said neck, and
acts as a spring to keep the lugs or flanges pressed against the upper face of the
groove, and consequently prevents the stopper from working loose.
If it be desired to adapt our Invention to the bottles now generally employed, a
metal cap or plate is wired to the outside of the neck; said cap or plate is punched
out to permit the lower portion of the stopper to pass freely through it into the
neck of the bottle, while the flanges or lugs can pass through at given points only,
and when turned with the upper portion of the stopper they pass beneath the plate
or cap, against which they are securely held by the elasticity of the rubber or other
ring, which in this case rests just within the top of the neck.
When the stopper is removed from the bottle the plate or cap may be arranged
to fall to the side and leave the mouth perfectly clear. A small chain or string
may be secured to both the bottle and the stopper to prevent the latter from being
Iost.
MACHINERY FOR MIXING THE PROOF USED BY HAT MANUFACTURERS, ALSO SUITABLE FOR OTHER MIXING PURPOSES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stephen Forrest at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th February 1881.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEPHEN FORREST, of Hyde, in the County of Chester.
MACHINERY FOR MIXING THE PROOF USED BY HAT MANUFACTURERS, ALSO
SUITABLE FOR OTHER MIXING PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to an arrangement of mechanism to be applied to the
vessel which contains the hat makers proof or other material requiring to be
mixed.
This mechanism consists of a cross-head, which is secured in position upon the
This cross-
mixing vessel by clamping screws, or in any other convenient manner.
head supports a pair of mixing hoops or elliptic bars, one edge of each of which is
filled in with a suitable blade, which presents a wider surface to the material, and
thus assists in the mixing operation. These hoops or bars are geared together by
spur wheels, so as to revolve in the contrary direction, and one of their axes passes
through the top side of the cross head, and is there geared by bevil gearing to a
driving shaft, arranged either to be turned by hand or power. The same shaft is
by a pair of small bevil pinions and spindle carrying a spur pinion geared to a ring
mounted beneath the cross head, having spur teeth on its exterior, and which ring
carries a pair of scrapers, which are designed to scrape the edge of the vessel, and
so prevent the proof or other material adhering thereto, whilst the hoops or bars,
herein before mentioned, by revolving in a contrary direction effectually perform the
mixing operation of the contents of such vessel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN Improvements in the pianoforte action known as the "sticker action" producing a check-action, escapement, and back-touch.
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Justin Browne at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd July 1881.
JUSTIN BROWNE, of 237 & 239, Euston Rd., London.
PIANOFORTE ACTIONS."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
Improvements in the pianoforte action known as the "sticker action" producing
a check-action, escapement, and back-touch. I. The extension of the lever (D)
backwards and beyond its hinge or centre of motion (E) to form a check-block (C),
which acting with the check (B) when the key (H) is operated upon with the
finger allows the hammer (F) to strike the string (G) once only, producing what
is known as a check-action, or a movement by which the hammer is held securely
immediately after it has struck the string, preventing a second blow and known as
being in check."
II. The action of the check upon the check-block at the moment the hammer-
strikes the string producing "escapement" or the releasing of the hammer from
the string to allow the string freedom to vibrate.
"
III. The action of the check upon the check-block at the moment of the hammer
being in check producing a back-touch," an arrangement for preventing the end
of the key (H*) from jumping beyond the correct distance of its movement.
IV. The application of any modification of the form or the construction of the
hopper (A), check (B), check-block (C), lever (D), or centre of motion (E), used in
the above combination, producing by one movement a check action, escapement, &
back-touch, either separately or combined.
V. The application of the above improvements to the action of any musical.
instrument.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INSTRUMENTS KNOWN AS ECRASEURS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Arnold at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd March 1881.
JAMES ARNOLD, of the Firm of Arnold and Sons, of West Smithfield, in the
County of Middlesex, Surgical Instrument Makers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
INSTRUMENTS KNOWN AS ECRASEURS."
With instruments of this class as heretofore made, it has been necessary to
expend some time to properly adjust the length and regulate the position of the
chain, wire, rope, or other appliance that may be used; now the object of my
Invention is to remedy these defects, so that as soon as the chain, for example,
which is now generally used, is properly placed round the object to be removed,
such as an internal tumour, the screw can be turned forthwith to cut away the
excrescence or other growth by the chain.
The instrument is provided with a screw for operating the chain, wire, rope,
cord, or other material that may be used; this passes through a loop at the outer
end of the slotted tube which contains the screw for operating the said chain or
other appliance. This slotted tube is split preferably only on one side completely
to its rear end, whereby a certain amount of spring-like action is given to same,
and in this way the screw operating the chain can be pushed up and down inside
the tube so as to adjust the position of the chain, wire, or cord aforesaid. At the
end of the tube there is a ferrule which when the chain is adjusted the same is
slipped on and the split tube is thus clipped and held tightly round the screw, and
the part where the ferrule passes over the split tube is fitted with one or more
internally screwed pieces forming a nut or part nut for the screw. For further
security a cap is or may be slid on to the end of the split tube, and secured by.
bayonet or other joint or fastening. When adjusted and secured as aforesaid, the
instrument is operated by the handle at end in the ordinary way. Above the
ferrule I apply side grippers to the tube which can be slipped on and off for cleaning
as required; springs on the grippers act on the sides of the split ring.
"
Instruments constructed according to my Invention are applicable for all
purposes where "ecraseurs' are now used, for example, to remove tumours and
other extraneous growth.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR ADDITIONS TO TRAVELLING RUGS OR WRAPPERS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ignac Pick at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th March 1881.
IGNAC PICK, of Queen Victoria Street, in the City of London, Wholesale
Furrier. "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR ADDITIONS TO TRAVELLING RUGS OR WRAPPERS."
My Invention relates to improvements in or additions to travelling rugs or
wrappers, and consists in combining there with a foot-warmer or foot muff, a bag, or.
a pocket or pockets, and a hand-muff.
According to my Invention I provide the travelling rug or wrapper with a foot-
warmer or foot-muff, which is formed at the bottom thereof, and which is sewn
or attached thereto in such a manner as to lie over and envelop the feet of the
user.
At the upper portion of the rug or wrapper I provide or contrive a bag, wallet,
or satchel, which I form by making three slits or cuts in the rug or wrapper, and
by folding over the uncut portion so as to form as it were a gusset to the bottom of
the bag or the like, and to allow of the expansion of such bag. The slit or cut
sides are also provided with gussets to allow of expansion. The mouth or opening
of the bag or like article is covered by a flap, which is provided with suitable
fastening contrivances.
Or instead of forming the bag, wallet, or satchel in the same piece, as the rug or
wrapper, I may form it of leather or other suitable material, and attach it thereto.
Or instead of the bag, a pocket or pockets may be applied, and may be provided
with a flap or flaps.
Above the bag, satchel, or wallet, or the pocket or pockets, I provide a muff for
the hands, and it may be either attached to or formed in the rug or wrapper. When
formed therein, I cut two vertical slits in the rug or wrapper, and I pad, stuff, or
line that portion extending between the said slits; I thus form a warm and com-
fortable retreat for the hands.
The sides of the rug or wrapper may be provided with fastening contrivances to
secure it around the legs of the user.
My Invention can be applied to existing travelling rugs or wrappers.
IMPROVED BRIDLE-BIT
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Lowell Anderson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th February 1881.
EDWARD LOWELL ANDERSON, of Brighton, in the County of Sussex.
IMPROVED BRIDLE-BIT."
"AN
My Invention relates to an improved bridle-bit having a plain-curved or other
stiff mouth piece, with the cheek-pieces composed.of two arms on each side standing
at right angles to each other from the mouth piece; one arm of each cheek-piece to
be in a line with the horse's mouth pointing upwards, and attached to the cheek-
piece of the bridle; the other arms at right angles to the mouth of the horse
pointing to the rear, and made with rings at the extreme ends to hold the břidle-
reins. A curb-chain or strap passes from the upper ends of the upright cheek-
pieces under the chin of the horse. The length of the arms will be dependent upon
the required severity of the bit,
AN IMPROVED INSTRUMENT FOR OPENING AERATED WATER OR OTHER BOTTLES WHICH HAVE INTERNAL STOPPERS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Lofthouse and Robert King
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd August 1881.
ALFRED LOFTHOUSE, Architect, of Fartown, near Huddersfield, and ROBERT
KING, Assistant Brewer, of Linthwaite, near Huddersfield, all in the County of
Yorkshire. "AN IMPROVED INSTRUMENT FOR OPENING AERATED WATER OR
OTHER BOTTLES WHICH HAVE INTERNAL STOPPERS."
We employ a guard or screen which fits around the neck of top part of the
bottle, and attached to this in the line of the axis of the bottle is a tube, through
which works a rod or plunger. This rod or plunger is forced down by the hand
upon the stopper of the bottle in order to open the bottle, after doing which it is
returned to its place by means of a spring.
The person opening the bottle is protected from danger by the guard or screen
before mentioned.
NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HINGES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Edgar Martineau at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th March 1881.
FRANCIS EDGAR MARTINEAU, of the Firm of F. E. Martineau and Company, of
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturers. "NEW OR IMPROVED
MACHINERY TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HINGES."
My Invention consists of machinery constructed as hereinafter described, to be
used in rivetting or fixing in their places the pins or axes of hinges. My Invention
is especially applicable to hinges having pins or axes of iron, but is not limited
thereto.
The machinery constituting my Invention is constructed essentially in the
following manner :-A holder in the middle of the machine receives and firmly
supports the hinge the pin or axis of which is to be rivetted, the said axis being
by_preference horizontal.
In the line of the said pin or axis are two tools situated respectively near the
opposite end of the pin or axis to be rivetted.
These tools have a slow rotary motion and a rapid to and fro motion in the line
of the pin to be rivetted.
The acting face of each of these tools has a concave groove crossing it in the
direction of a diameter. The said tools in their to and fro motion simultaneously
advance and retire, so that they strike upon the ends of the pin or axis at the
same time.
Their slow rotary motion is however preferably in opposite directions.
The rapid to and fro motion of the tools is produced by eccentrics or cranks on
a rotary shaft, motion from the said eccentrics being transmitted through
connecting rods and levers to the tools.
The rapid striking of the grooves on the acting faces of the tools against the
flat ends of the pin or axis combined with the slow rotary motion of the said
grooves and tools causes the ends of the pin or axis to be spread out and rounded,
and the pin is thereby effectually rivetted in its place in the knuckles of the
hinge.
AN APPARATUS FOR EXHIBITING NOTICES, ADVERTISEMENTS, AND THE LIKE.
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick William Hembry at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the Sth November 1881.
FREDERICK WILLIAM HEMBRY, of No. 16, Newgate Street, in the City of
London. "AN APPARATUS FOR EXHIBITING NOTICES, ADVERTISEMENTS, AND
THE LIKE.
"
That in order to give greater publicity to business announcements or advertise-
ments, I construct a frame of any desired material (preferably of metal) in which I
fix two or more circular, sexagonal, or other shaped barrels which are rotated either
continually or intermittently, vertically, or horizontally by means of clockwork,
electricity, or any other motive power. Upon these two or more barrels is placed
an endless band of variously coloured silk, paper, or other material, protected from
the gas or other source of illumination by glass (or other transparent and non-
inflammable substance), or again, a band of glass of various colours hinged together
in such a manner that it shall readily pass round or over the barrels of whatever
shape or size they may be in each particular case. Before this moving band is
placed a stencil of metal, glass, or other material, or a combination of the same,
which will contain the matter desired to be exhibited; this stencil front can be
also made of glass or other transparent material, painted or coloured in such a
manner that it virtually becomes a stencil for the emission of light. For the
illumination of the stencil 1 use gas, the electric, or any other light, which is placed
or fixed behind the revolving colour band, thereby causing the matter advertized
to be itself continually changing colour in every part.
The stencil or matter is
so placed in the frame that it is readily removed and replaced by other stencils
with announcements thereon; in like manner the apparatus can also be used
with a stencil on two or more sides of the frame, and such an apparatus will show
the one or more announcements, all at one and the same time changing colour, and
in every portion thereof.
This apparatus is equally well adapted for exhibition by day as by night, for as
it is noticeable by night owing to the light transmitted through the stencil, so is it
observed in day time by the light impinging upon the moving band through the
stencil or stencils; this apparatus can be used in railway stations, shops, windows,
hoardings, and other public places or structures.
I claim for this Invention that by reason of the advertisement or announcements
continually changing in colour, it is exceedingly attractive by night as well as by
day, and at the same time very inexpensive.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR INCREASING THE HEATING POWER OF DOMESTIC STOVES AND FIRE PLACES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Salomon Sturm at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th December 1881.
SALOMON STURM, of Cologne, in the German Empire. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR INCREASING THE HEATING POWER OF DOMESTIC
STOVES AND FIRE PLACES."
My Invention consists in introducing into the chimney flue of a domestic fire
grate, or the flue pipe of a stove at a moderate height above the fire, one or more
horizontal plates or diaphragins of perforated metal or wire gauze extending right
across the Blue, so as to cause the whole of the gaseous products of combustion to
pass through the perforations of the plate before escaping up the chimney. By
this arrangement a great portion of the heat of the gases is caused to be taken up
by the perforated plate, and being partly reflected and radiated downwards, and
partly conveyed by conduction to the sides of the flue, it serves to increase the
heating effect of the fire place or stove, also in moderating the draft; these perforated
plates prevent the gases from passing off so rapidly as with an ordinary fire place,
and they will consequently have more time to part with a portion of their heat by
radiation and conduction before escaping up the chimney. In addition to the above
advantages, the said perforated plates also effectually prevent the chimney from
catching fire, and they obviate the danger attendant on the use of ordinary throttle
valves in chimney flues, of causing the poisonous carbonic oxide and other gases
to enter the rooms when closed, as they always allow of sufficient draught to carry
these off. The said plates are by preference arranged to turn on a horizontal axis
like an ordinary throttle valve, so that they can be adjusted by an external handle
either to the closed or the open position. Two stops are provided, against which
the plate strikes when in the horizontal and the vertical position so as to limit its
motion, and by causing the plate to strike sharply against such stops it may be
readily freed from accumulations of snot. When employed in the chimney flues of
fire places the plate is mounted with its axis in a metal frame fitting the sides of
the Blue, and temporarily attached thereto by hooks or other fastenings, so that
when the chimney requires sweeping the whole apparatus can be detached and
removed. In this application also, the turning of the perforated plate into the
closed or open position is effected by means of a lever situated at the side of or
just above the fire place, from which lever a rod passes up to a second lever on the
axis of the plate.