IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLING MILLS
Year: 1884

page_text: I, HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the firmn of Herbert and Company, Patent Agents,
of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLING MILLS," a communication
to me from abroad by Hugo Sack, Engineer, of Plagwitz-Leipzig, in the kingdom
of Saxony to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object to facilitate the manufacture of bars of any
desired cross section, and of short bars of a given length, but variable cross.
section.
In order to roll bars of a section which cannot, or not easily, be produced by
ordinary rolls, I combine with the rolls a friction ring or a pair of rings the axes
of which are situated in the same plane as the axes of the rolls, but form any
desired angle with the same, the said rings being placed between the rolls, so as to
touch the latter at the place where they press the metal bar passing, through the
same, and to be set in motion by the friction produced by the pressure of the rolls..
The outer surface of each ring is shaped so (as regards its cross section) as to
produce the required impression on the metal bar where it comes in contact with
the latter.
The rolls may thus be made to produce the required shape on the top and
bottom, while the ring or rings press the bar on one or both sides of the same,
in order to obtain the required shape of the bar.
In order to give room for the rings, the rolls are preferably made conical, so as
to be thicker in the centre or point of pressure than at the two ends.
Where the process of rolling is carried out in several stages, the distance between
the rolls is made variable, so that their axes may be brought nearer together
during the process, whereby the outer circumference of the ring or rings is also
brought nearer to the. centre of the bar passing through the rolls (or to the
centre line of pressure).
In this case the contact surfaces between the rolls and the rings are conical.
Instead of dragging the rings by friction, a positive motion may be imparted to
them by suitable mechanism provided with the necessary means of adjustment.

page_text: For producing short bars of a given length, namely a fraction of the circum-
ference of the smallest ring, but of variable cross-section, one, two, three, or four
friction rings may be employed, according as the surface or profil of the bar is
variable on one, two, three, or four sides.
In the case of four rings the upper and lower ring are placed in corresponding
grooves of the upper and lower rolls, while the side rings are placed between
the rolls.
In this kind of mills the rings are not allowed to move independently of each
other. For this reason, and to ensure that the iron is introduced between the rolls
at the required moment, that is, when the rings are in the correct position, I use
a special mechanism composed as follows:-
A bell crank lever situated near the circumference of the ring of the lower roll
and movable in a vertical plane, has near the lower or free end of its upright arm
a friction roller and carries at the end of its horizontal arm a counterweight,
adapted to press the roller against the circumference of the ring. The lower end
of the upright arm has a pin or stud projecting into the longitudinal slot at the
end of a connecting rod extending to the opposite side of the ring so as to form
almost a tangent to the lower part of the roll. The other end of the connecting
rod is pivoted to the shortest arm of a three armed lever, the longest arm of which
is nearly horizontal and carries a weight adapted to run in a slot extending the
whole length of the long arm. The intermediate arm, which is nearly vertical and
placed opposite the uppermost or shortest arm, carries at its free end a second
friction roller adapted to be pressed against the circumference of the ring by the
movable weight of the long arm. The uppermost and shortest arun of the three
armed lever has a slot curved concentrically with the pivot of the three armed
lever, into which slot projects a stud or pin attached to a long spring pawl the
opposite end of which is adapted to abut against a nose or radial projection on the
circumference of the ring, while that extremity of the pawl which carries the stud
is adapted to abut (at certain intervals of time) against a fixed surface.
Each of the four rings which press the bar on the four sides has a radial tooth
arranged so as to come together during the revolution of the rolls, the nose of the
lower vertical ring (the ring passing around the lower roll) arriving in the plane
of pressure (or line of contact) of the rolls before the three others.
The position of the lower ring relatively to the lower roll is controlled by the
contact of the pawl with the radial projection of the ring, which pawl controls the
position of the weighted levers and friction rollers.
After the passage of the block to be rolled, the horizontal rings are placed back
into their starting position, by their friction on the circumference of the lower roll
upon which they press with their own weight, while the upper vertical ring is
brought back by a small roller placed between the top of the upper roll and the
top of the ring, this roller being set in motion by a shaft, or by a small inter-
mediate roller placed between the said top roller and the roll, so as to be in contact
with both and transmit motion from the roll to the top roller.
If the pressure of the lower ring against the spring pawl exceeds a certain limit,
the pawl is compressed, thereby coming out of contact with the nose of the ring
and allowing free motion to the same.

page_text: I, HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
ROLLING MILLS, a communication to me from abroad by Hugo Sack, Engineer,
Plagwitz-Leipzig, Saxony, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of this invention shown in the accompanying drawing Figs 1 to 3,
is to produce objects of any section, adapted for rolling, by the employment of
so-called friction-rings, with, or without the use of adjustable rolls. The pair
of rolls (Fig. 1) is connected with two rings in such a manner that the latter are
moved by their inner surfaces coming in contact with the corresponding surfaces
of the rolls, in the plane of the roller axes.
In this plane lie also the axes of rotation of the rings, forming any suitable angle
with the axes of the rolls.
The doubly symmetrical arrangement shown in Fig. 1 is not an indispensable
condition, nor is the employment of two rings absolutely necessary.
The outer surface of the rings is shaped so as to correspond to the section of the
bar to be rolled (Figs 1 to 3.)
The general rolling-process is as follows:
The rolls are made to rotate, and then the rings are set in motion by the friction
on their surfaces produced by the pressure of the rolls; the mass introduced
between the rolls being thus subjected to pressure from four sides, the desired
section is obtained.
With the use of these friction-rings, bars can be rolled which are fashioned on
one, two, three or four sides.
If the mass is to be gradually rolled out to the required section, the rolls must
be arranged in such a manner that their axes can be brought nearer to each other,
and thus the distance between the periphery of the two rings is lessened at the
point of pressure of the rolls.
In this case, the frictional surfaces of the rings and rolls should be conical.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1st The process of rolling sections which have to be fashioned on one, two, three
or four sides, by the employment, in combination with a pair of rolls, of frictional-
or rolling-rings, whose axes of rotation lie in the same plane as the axes of the
rolls, but can form any angle with the latter, the said rings being in contact with

page_text: the rolls near the point of pressure, and moved by the friction produced by the
pressure of the said rolls.
2-The process of rolling out the sections gradually by means of adjustable rolls
working in combination with the said rings.