IMPROVEMENTS IN FIXING APPARATUS FOR GENERATING STEAM, WHEREBY SMOKE WILL BE PREVENTED OR CONSUMED, AND FUEL ECONOMIZED
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edwin Heywood, of Sutton, near Keighley, in the
County of York, Designer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIXING
APPARATUS FOR GENERATING STEAM, WHEREBY SMOKE WILL BE PREVENTED OR
CONSUMED, AND FUEL ECONOMIZED."
Sealed the 10th October 1856, and dated the 14th April 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edwin Heywood at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th April 1856.
.I, EDWIN HEYWOOD, of Sutton, near Keighley, in the County of York,
Designer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FIXING APPARATUS FOR GENERATING STEAM, WHEREBY SMOKE WILL BE
PREVENTED OR CONSUMED, AND FUEL ECONOMIZED," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a mode or method of fixing vessels or boilers used
for producing or generating steam, or for boiling water or other liquid where
two or more fires or furnaces are used to heat such vessels or boilers, and
consists of arranging the furnaces so that when one furnace door is opened to
supply the fire with fresh fuel, a damper or valve will be opened in an adjoin-
ing fire or furnace flue, thus forming a communication between the said flue
and the chimney, and at the same time closing a damper or valve in the flue
of that fire or furnace which is being supplied with fresh fuel, and also closing
the door of the fire or furnace belonging to the flue made to communicate with

page_text: the chimney. As each fire is being supplied with fresh fuel, the smoke is
caused to pass or be drawn down through its own fire to the ash-pit, and
through tubes, openings, or apertures to the adjoining ash-pit, and up through
the adjoining fire, causing the smoke or combustible matter to be consumed.
In supplying fresh fuel to the last-named fire, the damper or valve above
named will be reversed, and the direction of the draught changed to the con-
trary flue; the smoke passing downward, as before described, through one fire
and up through the other, changing the direction of draught alternately as
each fire is re-supplied with fuel. I also make the grate bars hollow, and
connect them at each end with other hollow bars or pipes, forming a compact
hollow framework for fire bed, and connected to the vessel or boiler in any
convenient manner, so as to be readily taken out for repairs or other purposes.
The water circulates freely through the said hollow framework, by which the
generation of steam is accelerated, and the fuel greatly economized.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edwin Heywood in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
14th October 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWIN
HEYWOOD, of Sutton, near Keighley, in the County of York, Designer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Royal
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Edwin Heywood, Her special licence that I, the said Edwin Heywood,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as 1, the said Edwin
Heywood, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIXING APPA-
RATUS FOR GENERATING STEAM, WHEREBY SMOKE WILL BE PREVENTED OR CONSUMED,
AND FUEL ECONOMIZED," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Edwin Heywood, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in

page_text: what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Royal Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edwin Heywood, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say):-
This Invention relates to a mode or method of fixing vessels or boilers used
for producing or generating steam, or for boiling water or other liquid, where
two or more fires or furnaces are used to heat such vessels or boilers, and
consists of arranging the furnaces so that when one furnace is opened to supply
the air with fresh fuel, a damper or valve will be opened in an adjoining fire
or furnace flue, thus forming a communication between the said flue and the
chimney, and at the same time closing a damper or valve in the flue of that
fire or furnace which is being supplied with fresh fuel, and also closing the
door of the fire or furnace belonging to the flue made to communicate with
the chimney. As each fire is being supplied with fresh fuel the smoke is
caused to pass or be drawn down through its own fire to the ash-pit, and
through tubes, openings, or apertures to the adjoining ash-pit and up through
the adjoining fire, causing the smoke or combustible matter to be consumed.
In supplying fresh fuel to the last-named fire, the damper or valve above
named will be reversed, and the direction of the draught changed to the con-
trary flue, the smoke passing downward, as before described, through one fire
and up through the other, changing the direction of draught alternately as
each fire is re-supplied with fuel. I also make the grate bars hollow and
connect them at each end with other hollow bars or pipes, forming a compact
hollow framework for fire bed, and connected to the vessel or boiler in any
convenient manner, so as to be readily taken out for repairs or other purposes.
The water circulates freely through the said hollow framework, by which
the generation of steam is accelerated and the fuel greatly economized.
The accompanying Drawings, with the letters of reference thereon, will
more clearly explain the nature and particulars of this my Invention, the
same letters referring to the same parts in each Figure.
Fig. 1 is a front elevation of a double fire box boiler, with the furnaces, &c.
arranged according to my said Invention; Fig. 2 is a longitudinal and vertical
ection of the same, taken through the line A, B; and Fig. 3 is a cross
ection through the line C, D, each on a scale of one inch to one foot.
a and a represent the furnace doors, which are suspended one at each end
of the beam b, capable of sliding up and down between the checks c, so that

page_text: when one is raised the other is lowered. d, a damper, which is suspended by
the pullies e, and capable of being traversed thereby upon rails, alternately
from one flue to the other, by means of the rack and pinion f, motion being
given thereto through the shaft and fly wheel g. 1, hollow grate bars, framed
and jointed to the other hollow bars or pipes h¹, in such manner as to form
a compact hollow framework. My method of fixing the hollow grate barsin the
other hollow side bars or tubes is as follows:-I put a thread on one end of
every cross bar, and pass each alternate one through one of the side tubes, so
that it will screw into the other or opposite side tube. I close the aperture
thus made in the side tube by a screw plug, or other substantial manner
By this plan every alternate cross bar being screwed into one or other of the
side tubes, I form a compact framework, being screwed together instead of
plugged or rivetted in the usual manner, as will be seen in Figs. 4 and 5,
which are plan and cross section of one set of such grate bars or fire bed
on a scale of two inches to one foot. i represents pipes which connect the
hollow grates with the lower part of the boiler; and j, pipes connecting the said
grates to the upper part or steam chamber of the boiler, through which a free
circulation of the water in the boiler is obtained; k is a perforated door for
admission of air to the fuel; 1, doors to the ash-pits, which I keep closed
except for the removal of ashes; m, perforated tubes running along one side
of each ash-pit, and communicating with the atmosphere in front of the fur-
maces for supplying a small quantity of air under the grates; n, tubes con-
necting the two ash-pits, forming apertures or passages for the smoke, &c.
rom one fire to pass to the other; o, the bridge or bridges, which also form
the back of the ash-pits. It will be perceived that the door a, is now raised
or open to supply fresh fuel to that furnace or fire-place, the damper of which
is in position to cut off the communication of that fire or furnace with the
flue or chimney, at the same time the door a¹ is closed, and the damper of
that fire or furnace removed, opening a communication with the flue or
chimney, consequently the smoke, &c. of the first named fire, or that which
is newly fed, will pass down through its own fire and grating to the ash-pit
and thence through the tubes n to the other ash-pit, and up through the other
grating and fire to the chimney, as indicated by the arrows.
desirable to feed the other fire, the doors and damper are changed in position,
and the current or draught is thereby reversed to the contrary direction. It
will be apparent that by this arrangement of the furnaces, &c. the smoke
or combustible matter will have to pass through both its own fire and the
adjoining fire, whereby it will be consumed and fuel economized.
And when it is
Having thus fully described and ascertained the nature and particulars of

page_text: my said Invention, I desire it to be understood, that I do not confine myself
to the precise details of arrangement as herein set forth, as such may be varied
or modified without departing from the principle of my Invention, neither do
I claim any of the parts separately (except the method of fixing the grate bars
in the tubes) as herein described, but what I claim as my Invention is,―
Firstly, the method of fixing the grate bars, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5.
And secondly, the general arrangement of furnace or apparatus applied
to boilers or vessels for producing steam, boiling water, &c.. as herein
described and illustrated in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, or any
modification or arrangement whereby the smoke is caused to pass down
through one fire and up through the other.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edwin Heywood, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of October, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-six.
EDWIN HEYWOOD. (L.S.)
Witness,
JOHN PRANCE FLETCHER,
123, Chancery Lane.