Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 19th July, 1897
Complete Specification Left, 19th Apr., 1898-Accepted, 28th May, 1898
I, JOHN CARRICK BELL, of 97, Green Street, in the City of Springfield, County
of Hampden and State of Massachusetts, United States of America, Wire Weaver,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to paper makers' wire cloth, such as is extensively used in
Fourdrinier paper machines. Heretofore the wire cloth from which the carrier or
apron in these machines has been made has comprised warps and filling of fine
brass wire, both round, the filling being shot and disposed in straight lines while
the warps are knuckled, that is, having the usual decussative arrangement.
Objection has been found in the manufacture of certain fine papers, such for
instance, as those employed for printing half tone cuts and illustrations, that the
wire cloth marks or indentations in the paper, imparted thereto by the prominent
"knuckles" of the warp wires render it impossible to acquire perfection in the
printing, and these defects in the paper are appreciable under other circumstances
than where the paper is used for half tone printing.
The object of the present invention is to acquire a wire cloth suitable for the
apron or carrier support for the pulp in Fourdrinier machines wherein the knuckles
of the warp wires are less sharp and prominent to the end that a more nearly
perfect paper may be produced.
The invention consists in a wire cloth having the warps composed of flat wires,
the same being woven with a filling of cross wires, the outer surfaces, or most
prominent portions, of the cloth being constituted by the flat faces or sides of the
warp wires.
The warp wires have their upper and lower sides flat, while the wires which
constitute the filling are preferably round, although they may be of any cross
sectional shape.
In practice for the production of a wire cloth such as may be advantageously
utilized in a paper machine, the filling may be composed of brass wire of
about 8/1000 of an inch diameter while the warp wires are composed of brass
wires 12/1000 of an inch wide and 4/1000 of an inch thick.
In preparing the warp wires for the wire cloth loom, I take brass, bronze or other
suitable wire of the dimension noted for the filling and roll or draw it down
from 8/1000 diameter to half the thickness, correspondingly increasing its width.
and inasmuch as the rolling or drawing operation hardens or tempers the wire
rendering it harsh and refractory, I anneal it before using it in weaving.
A flat surfaced wire cloth is produced by weaving of suitable mesh, the warps
being spaced so as to leave the usual or suitable intermediate openings, and while
all sufficient capabilities are found in the improved fabric, as they have heretofore
existed for efficient use in paper machines, the further important advantage of a
cloth devoid of deep or high, and comparatively sharp surface knuckles is acquired;
and it is manifest that the web of paper supported and carried upon an apron as
here described will be of greatly improved and more uniform surface and the

page_text: better adapted for utilization for many purposes than paper fabricated upon wire
cloth aprons as has been heretofore universely used in which the warp wires com-
prised in round wires created by their decussations, sharp and comparatively deep
surface knuckles.
Improvement in Paper Makers' Wire Fabric.
I, JOHN CARRICK BELL, of 97, Green Street, in Springfield, County of Hampden,
and State of Massachusetts, U.S.A., Wire Weaver, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement: —
This invention relates to paper makers' wire fabric, such as is extensively used
in Fourdrinier paper machines. Heretofore the making wire has comprised warps
and filling of fine brass wire, both round, the filling being shot and disposed in
straight lines while the warps are knuckled, that is, having the usual decussative
arrangement.
In the use of paper for printing half tone cuts and illustrations, it is found that
the making wire or indentations in the paper, imparted thereto by the prominent
"knuckles" of the warp wires render it impossible to acquire perfection in the
printing, and these defects in the paper are appreciable under other circumstances
than where the paper is used for half tone printing.
The object of the present invention is to provide making wire wherein the
knuckles of the warp wires are less sharp and prominent to the end that a more
nearly perfect paper may be produced.
The invention consists in a wire cloth having the warps composed of flat wires,
the same being woven with a filling of cross wires, the outer surfaces, or most
prominent portions, of the cloth being constituted by the flat faces or sides of the
warp wires.
The invention is fully and completely illustrated in the accompanying drawing
in which:
Figures 1, 2 and 3 are respectively a longitudinal sectional view, a plan view,
and a cross sectional view, enlarged, of the improved wire cloth,-line 2-2 indi-
cating the section on which Figure 1 is taken, and the line 44 indicating the
section on which Figure 3 is taken.
In the drawings A represents a portion of the wire cloth in which a a are the
warp wires and 66 the filling wires or weft.
The warp wires a a have their upper and lower sides flat, while the wires which
constitute the filling are preferably round, although they may be of any cross
sectional shape.
In practice for the production of a wire cloth such as may be advantageously
utilized in a paper machine, the filling may be composed of brass wire of about
8/1000 of an inch diameter while the warp wires are composed of brass wires 12/1000
of an inch wide and 4/1000 of an inch thick.
In practice in preparing the warp wires for the wire cloth loom, I take brass,
bronze, or other suitable wire of the dimension noted, for the filling and roll or
draw it down from 8/1000 diameter to half the thickness, correspondingly
increasing its width, and inasmuch as the rolling or drawing operation hardens
or tempers the wire rendering it harsh and refractory, I anneal it before using
it in weaving.

page_text: A flat surfaced wire cloth is produced, by weaving, of suitable mesh, the warps
being spaced so as to leave the usual or suitable intermediate openings, and while
all sufficient capabilities are found in the improved fabric, as they have heretofore
existed for efficient use in paper machines, the further important advantage of a
cloth devoid of deep or high, and comparatively sharp surface knuckles is acquired;
and it is manifest that the web of paper made upon a wire such as here described
will be of greatly improved and more uniform surface and the better adapted for
utilization for many purposes than paper fabricated upon a making wire as has
been heretofore used in which the warp wires comprised in round wires created
by their decussations, sharp and comparatively deep surface knuckles.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
-
1. A paper makers' making wire comprising warp wires and filling, wires woven
together, the warps being composed of flat wires whereby the outer or most pro
minent surface portions of the cloth are constituted by the flat faces or sides of the
warp wires.
2. A paper makers' making wire having the warps composed of flat annealed
brass wires, the same being woven with a filling of cross wires, the outer and most
prominent portions of the cloth being constituted by the flat faces of the warp
wires.
3. A paper makers' making wire having one set of its wires made with flat sides,
and of a width greater than its thickness together with interwoven crossing wires,
the flat wires forming a flat surfaced face for the fabric.
Doted this 10th day of April 1808
WHEATLEY & MACKENZIE,
40, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agents.