matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Lomax and Joseph
Lomax at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 26th September 1870.
We, HENRY LOMAX and JOSEPH LOMAX, of Over Darwen, in the
County of Lancaster, Machine Makers, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates,―
Firstly. To improved apparatus for imparting or transmitting rotation
to the shafts employed, which we effect by means of discs secured to the
ends of the said shafts, the discs of each shaft carries a pin or stud, and
the studs on the various discs are connected by links. Motion being by
the ordinary pulley imparted to the first driving shaft is by the discs,
studs, and links transmitted to the shaft so connected without the aid of
gear wheels.
Secondly. We impart motion to the needle bar by means of an
oscillating cam and bowl connected by a double crank and stud with the
ordinary link of the needle bar. The oscillating cam is supported
(eccentric) on a stud, and the driving shaft is passed through an aperture

page_text: in the said cam. On the driving shaft is an eccentric which imparts to
the cam the oscillation required, so as to reduce friction on or in the cam
groove employed for actuating and "timing" the needle bar.
Thirdly. By the use of a slight swell or projection on the needle bar
the tension spring is overcome, and the tension on the thread is removed
at the time or when the shuttle is passed through the loop of the thread.
Fourthly. When " fulling "the "under feed" is moved in a slot so as
to raise the fore part of the feed so as to act only on that part of the
fabric not fulled.
Fifthly. The shuttle carrier is worked by an eccentric on a shaft
extending from the pulley or driving end of the machine to near the
said carrier so as to secure greater steadiness of motion thereto.
And lastly. In the construction of a "grate feed" consisting of a series
of notched or toothed bars, these in equal number are raised and depressed
simultaneously by eccentrics so as to secure even surface and movement
of the fabric being operated upon.
IMPROVED INK OR IMPROVED INKS FOR PRINTING AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Lawrence at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 17th May 1870.-A communication from abroad by Lewis
Francis, of New York, in the United States of America.
"AN
I, BENJAMIN LAWRENCE, of Basinghall Street, in the City of London,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IMPROVED INK OR IMPROVED INKS FOR PRINTING AND OTHER PURPOSES," com-
municated to me from abroad by Lewis Francis, of New York, in the
United States of America, to be as follows:-
The Invention has for object the manufacture of an improved ink or
improved inks for printing and other purposes.
The Invention consists in manufacturing ink by combining glycerine,
saccharine matter, and some gummy substance with colouring matter,
thereby forming ink. Instead of or in addition to the gum a bituminous
or resinous substance may be used. Alcohol, or volatile oil, or both,
may be added to the ingredients.

page_text: I proceed to describe one mode in which the Invention may be carried
into practical effect, without however, restricting myself to the precise
proportions or details.
-
-
To 1 lb. glycerine add 1 lb. sugar, and 1 lb. honey, and 5 oz. gum
arabic, softened or dissolved; colouring matter is then added, also 1 oz.
alcohol, and oz. volatile oil. The ingredients are heated and afterwards
ground.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PIERS, JETTIES, AND SIMILAR STRUCTURES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Henry at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
March 1870. A communication from abroad by Charles Richard,
of 17, Boulevart Saint Martin, Paris, France.
I, MICHAEL HENRY, of Fleet Chambers, 68, Fleet Street, in the
City of London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PIERS, JETTIES,
AND SIMILAR STRUCTURES," communicated to me from abroad by Charles
Richard, of 17, Boulevart Saint Martin, Paris, France, to be as
follows:-
According to this Invention the pier or similar structure is made
of beton held in sheet iron or like caissons, fitted or connected together
one in front of another, and so on up to high-water mark, till the required
form and size are obtained; a monolith structure may be thus pro-
duced. The caissons are separated by a partition which forms the fourth
side of the immersed block, and receives angle ties or fastenings which
connect the caissons together. S or otherwise shaped fasteners are placed
in the partitions to hold the blocks of beton together, and from high-
water mark upward the inner and outer sides of the structure are held

page_text: by cross bars and stays fastened by nuts and having mooring rings.
The partition which holds the beton at the top of the pier is removed
whenever a fresh caisson is sunk and moved forward. As soon as a fresh
caisson is submerged in front of the one last filled, it sinks a little,
and thereby becomes closed at bottom. The caissons extend a little
above high-water mark, so that the beton is run in more suitably.
Trucks are run on an up-and-down line of railway from the workshops
to the pier or structure, and after been fed with beton passed to
cranes moved gradually as required on the railway. The doors of the
caissons may be opened by a lever pulled by a chain and working forked
bolts which engage projections on the doors. The lever is connected
with a spindle cranked at one end so as to open both doors together.
The lowest layer of beton at the bottom of the caissons may be laid down
by bags made of wide meshed canvas. Holes may be made in the
caissons for the moisture of the beton to run out,
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHLORINE
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ludwig Mond and James Har-
greaves at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 7th May 1870.
We, LUDWIG MOND, of Farnworth-within-Widnes, in the County
of Lancaster, Chemist, and JAMES HARGREAVES, of Appleton-within-
Widnes, in the same County, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHLORINE,"
to be as follows:
"
Our process consists in the decomposition of hydrochloric acid by
chromate of magnesia, causing the formation of chlorine and also of a
compound, which for the purpose of this Specification we call reduced
chromate. We again oxidise or restore the said reduced chromate by
passing, forcing, or drawing air over, through, or amongst the said reduced.
chromate kept at a suitable temperature, and use it again to decompose
hydrochloric acid, and so on.
We effect the formation of chlorine and the restoration of the chro- .
mate of magnesia either by treating the chromate of magnesia with
liquid hydrochloric acid, then boiling the resulting liquid to dryness and
heating the residue in any suitable furnace or other apparatus with access

page_text: of air; or by passing, forcing, or drawing hydrochloric acid gas and
air, which may be previously heated simultaneously or alternately over,
through, or amongst the chromate of magnesia contained in any suitable
vessel or tower and kept at a proper temperature; or instead of using
chromate of magnesia in the manner aforesaid, we use a mixture of
oxide of chromium or chloride of chromium with magnesia or chloride
of magnesium. We prefer to use magnesia or chloride of magnesium
as the base in combination with chromic acid, oxide of chromium, or
chloride of chromium, and for brevity we have only mentioned mag-
nesia and chloride of magnesium as the bases to be used, but we wish
it to be understood that we do not confine ourselves thereto, inasmuch
as other bases, such as the alkalies, alkaline earths, and alumina, or
the corresponding chlorides may also be used or any mixture of them.
Iм- PROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO HATS AND OTHER LIKE COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Sikes Gibson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th March 1870.
I, HENRY SIKES GIBSON, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Hatter, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO HATS AND OTHER LIKE COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD," to
be as follows (that is to say) :-
The object of this Invention is to render hats and other like coverings
for the head that they at once adapt themselves to the head of the
wearer, and at the same time secure perfect ventilation through the
interiors thereof. These advantages are obtained in a cheap and simple
manner without interfering with the general appearance when in use, and
consists in forming the "leather" or lining of the hat or other covering
for the head which is in immediate contact with the head of the wearer
a little less in circumference than the diameter of the lower portion of
the interior of the shell or "body." This lining is sewed to the "body" in
the ordinary way, for say, from one-half to two-thirds around the back,
and the remaining portion is secured to a piece of stout lace or other

page_text: "
open fabric, such as crochet work made from" purse or twist silk or
other thin strong threads, attached to the body to complete the circle of
connexion between the head lining and the shell, leaving a small space
between the body and head lining for the admission of air, which
entering through the lace or other open fabric passes upward between
the lining and body of the hat and out through a ventilator or ventilators
in the crown or side, or both, thus securing perfect ventilation during the
time the hat is in use. The head lining or "leather" at the front where
it is attached to the lace or other open fabric is prevented enlarging by
stretching on the lower edge by being backed with a strip of "hatters'
gossamer" (i.e., calico coated with shellac), or with a soft metallic wire,
or a strip of wire gause, or wire ribbon, or other suitable flexible material
which is not liable to elongate.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF CONCENTRATED FOOD
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Batty at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
October 1870.
I, GEORGE BATTY, of the Pavement, Finsbury, in the City of London,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF CONCENTRATED FOOD," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar preparation of concentrated food
which I call "herbaceous granulated vegetable pea soup," and which I
prepare in the following manner :-I first take peas, by preference white
peas such as are ordinarily used and known as split peas, these I reduce
to a fine state of division either by boiling and then rubbing them down,
or by grinding into meal, which latter I prefer. To this meal I then add
the preparation known in commerce as "Liebeg's Extractum Carnis,"
and a smaller proportion of the preparation known as "concentrated
essence of meat" or "glaze." To this mixture are added fresh vegetables
such as carrots, turnips, celery, onions, and others, according to taste,
which I reduce to a condition of pulp. Mint is added in the form of
dry powder, and the celery may sometimes be used in the form of essence,
pepper, cayenne, and other condiments are added to taste either in the

page_text: form of powder or essence, and the addition of a little salt completes the
compound. The mass is then well kneaded together until it assumes
the condition of a smooth homogeneous paste.. This paste is then
squeezed through a sieve, or cullander or other apparatus for the purpose
of dividing the mass into a convenient granulated or vermicular form
for drying and use, the drying being effected either by natural or artifi-
cially warmed air and when thoroughly dried is ready for use. In order
to make pea soup from this prepared food it is simply requisite to add
water thereto and boil the same. The proportions of the chief ingre-
dients which I have found to answer well in practice but which proportions
may be varied are as follows :-
Peas, meal
by weight 32 parts.
"Extractum Carnis"
do.
3
"
Essence of meat" or
"Glaze"
' or}
do.
1 ”
"
The vegetables and flavouring are added in varying proportions
according to taste and requirement.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES TO PRODUCE OVERCAST AND BUTTON HOLE HEMS BY MEANS OF ONE SINGLE NEEDLE
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isidor Nasch and Charles
Grimme at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 11th February 1870.
We, ISIDOR NASCH, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia, and
CHARLES GRIMME, of Brunswick, in the Dukedom of Brunswick, Manu-
facturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES TO PRODUCE OVERCAST AND BUTTON HOLE
HEMS BY MEANS OF ONE SINGLE NEEDLE," to be as follows:-
:-
The basis of this Invention is a common shuttle sewing machine in
which the motion of the needle is altered while the shuttle operates in
the usual manner. The motion of the needle is such that while the stuff
is being equally moved by the feed bar alternate motion is imparted to
the needle, so that each time it reaches the end of the oscillating motion
either to the right or left it makes one stitch, that is to say, it passes
once through the stuff, and the second time close beside it, but each time
the shuttle passes through the loop formed by the needle. It will be
evident that as soon as the needle together with the shuttle move on
in the way above described an overcast or whipped hem must be
produced.

page_text: I obtain the above results by the aid of the following contrivances :—
On the shaft or arbor of the fly wheel there is a cog wheel which gears
into a second larger wheel. On the shaft of the said larger wheel there
is an excentric plate, by means of which an oscillating motion is
imparted to a lever (not a simple oscillating motion but a motion which
is interrupted by a pause at each end). The two pauses or resting points
allow the needle time to make one stitch in the cloth, and the second
time at the side thereof. This intermitting oscillating motion of the lever
is obtained by means of the inside of the excentric which is connected
to the lever by a slot or opening in its end of such form and dimensions
that the excentric acts only on two sides. The other end of the lever is
connected by a screw to a bow or elbow piece which partakes of the
oscillating motion of the lever, and is coupled to a tube by a flange,
through which the needle bar can move up and down, and thus follow
the oscillating motion of the lever. Should it become desirable to make
the simple quilting stitch the screw which connects the lever to the bow
may be removed, and the tube with the needle holder adjusted and fixed
in the proper position by other screws.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GINNING COTTON
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Ellis at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
August 1870.
I, DAVID ELLIS, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, En-
gineer and Cotton Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said.
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GINNING COTTON,"
to be as follows:-
.
My Invention is applicable to the machines known as the Macarthy
cotton gins, and it consists in an improvement in the grid, and an
improved mode of giving motion to the knife for stripping the fibres off
the cotton seed.
The leather roller, the stationary knife, the hopper, and the feeder, are
made in the ordinary manner.
My improvements in the grid consists in making it of cast or malleable.
5 cast iron, and in supporting the ends in slots prepared in the side frames
to dispense with bolts.

page_text: My improved mode of giving motion to the knife consists in con-
necting it to radius rods and to a toggle joint actuated by a crank,
which in revolving causes the knife to move to and fro; by this means
power is economised and the construction simplified..
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SLABBING OR BLOOMING IRON AND STEEL
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Dorrell and John Frederick
Rudge at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 9th November 1870.
We, JOHN DORRELL, of West Bromwich, in the County of Stafford,
Iron Roller, and JOHN FREDERICK RUDGE, of Swan Inn, Smethwick, in
the County of Stafford, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SLABBING
OR BLOOMING IRON AND STEEL," to be as follows :-
Our Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
machinery for slabbing or blooming iron and steel, by which improve-
ments puddled balls of iron and steel are squeezed and rolled into slabs or
blooms thoroughly worked and having good sides and square ends,
which slabs roll into bars having good square ends with little or no
waste.
The said machinery made according to our Invention consists essentially
of the following construction and arrangement of parts:-We mount
upon a horizontal shaft a large or principal roll having deep bell mouthed
corrugated flanges, and provided with transverse ribs on the barrel part.
An excentrically fixed concave guard or plate having corrugations on its

page_text: concave surface is fixed near the said roll in such a position that the ball
of iron or steel to be operated upon when thrown between the flanges of
the roll is carried against the said guard, and is rolled and squeezed
between the barrel and flanges of the roll and the said guard. As the
ball passes the lower end of the guard it is brought against an upcast
roll between which and the principal roll it is operated upon. The ball
is made to rotate much quicker by the said upcast roll, but its descending
motion is continued owing to the superior velocity of the principal roll.
The ball on leaving the upcast roll in the form of a cylindrical bloom
passes sideways between a bottom roll and the principal roll, by the action
of which it is compressed into a slab or mould ready to be rolled into a
forge or puddled bar. The bearings of the principal roll are pressed upon
by strong springs, and the upcast roll is kept to its bearing against the
bloom by means of a weighted lever. When it is wished to produce
blooms for narrow bars and billets we substitute longer principal and
upcast rolls and dispense with the bottom roll.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF UMBRELLAS, AND PARASOLS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO DEFENSIVE STICKS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick James Walthew at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st December 1870.
I, FREDERICK James WalthEW, of Peel House, Hove, Brighton, in
the County of Sussex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF UMBRELLAS, AND PARASOLS, PARTS
OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO DEFENSIVE STICKS," to be as
follows:-
:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction.
of umbrellas and parasols, the object being to enable them to be
separated or attached to their holders or sticks with great facility, and
also that the holders or sticks shall be made applicable to purposes of
defence, either in combination with or separately from the umbrella
or parasol.
In order to effect these objects I propose to form the stick of metal,
either solid or tubular, or of other suitable material, the end or point
being a short spear, and that part of the stick on which the ring fits
being cut with a screw thread. The ring or cylinder with the ribs
attached thereto is also cut with a corresponding female screw which

page_text: is passed over the end of the stick, and secured by a few turns of the
hand. The cylinder has an internal thin plate about half an inch from
the end, the plate is perforated in the centre for the screw. I apply
gutta percha, cork, india-rubber, or other material in such end of the
cylinder, and if needful screw the same to the said perforated plate by a
screw from the centre of the extremity of such cylinder. The stick
should be of a taper form, and a head or handle of suitable shape
screwed thereto. The ring which slides on the stick also has attached
to it a hook, to which a chain, cord, or band or wire can be attached
from the upper cylinder, so that when the umbrella or parasol is
expanded the ribs may be securely held without the ordinary spring
catch merely by attaching the band to the hook by means of one of a
series of eyelets or other perforated spaces. The spear of the stick is
covered by a ferrule..
By these means the umbrella or parasol may be taken apart from
the stick and re-applied, and the stick can be used separately as a
defensive weapon.
AN IMPROVED LIQUID FOR RAISING PASTE OR DOUGH
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Sauer, Gustave Sauer,
and Léonce Cachal at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 16th May 1870.
We, ARTHUR SAUER, GUSTAVE SAUER, and LÉONCE CACHAL, all of
6, Rue des Filles du Calvaire, Paris, in the Empire of France, Manu-
facturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "AN
IMPROVED LIQUID FOR RAISING PASTE OR DOUGH," to be as follows:
The ingredients employed in the composition of the liquid are in 200
parts in the following proportions, viz. :-
17 parts of a liquid resulting from the distillation of ordinary yeast.
2 parts of a solution of an alkaline salt at 5 Beaumé.
11 parts of a solution of dextrine of "frumentum triticum."
17 parts of a leguminous solution of "verus astralagus."
6 parts of a solution of hordein.
8 parts of a solution of zein.
11 parts of a solution of gum, giving, when dried at 100°, the
chemical formula, 0" H"O", and at 13° in vacuo giving the
Saumule 12 10 10

page_text: 11 parts of a solution of a flour obtained by washing the powder of
the root of the "jatropha manihot of Linnæus," or other kind
of euphorbia.
7 parts of an extract of cartilage by clear boiling water.
110 parts of ordinary pure water..
This liquid is clarified with albumen and bottled. When required for
-use it is put in the hot or tepid water employed in making paste or
dough.
IMPROVING THE SANITARY CONSTRUCTION OF TOBACCO PIPES ARRANGED FOR THE PURPOSE OF ENTIRELY PREVENTING THE NICOTINE JUICE FROM ENTERING THE MOUTH OF THE SMOKER, AND TO FORM MEANS OF EGRESS FOR SUCH JUICE
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Thomas Blake and
66
Michael Hyams at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 7th May 1870.
We, WILLIAM THOMAS BLAKE, of 237, City Road, & MICHAEL
HYAMS, of 55, Bath Street, both of St. Luke's Parish, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IMPROVING THE SANITARY CONSTRUCTION OF TOBACCO PIPES ARRANGED FOR THE
PURPOSE OF ENTIRELY PREVENTING THE NICOTINE JUICE FROM ENTERING THE MOUTH
OF THE SMOKER, AND TO FORM MEANS OF EGRESS FOR SUCH JUICE," to be as
follows:-
The annexed Drawing represents a longitudinal sectional view of the
principle of these pipes, shewing the whole benefit to be accrued by the
use of them.
A is a small bone, wood, or ivory tube, fitted into the mouthpiece
projecting into space B; C is an inclined canal for the outlet of all
accumulation of nicotine, saliva, or other matter from space B, which
is opened & closed at the end by cap D. The smoke passes through
channel E into space B wherein it deposits all its injurious oils, &ctr.,
and then ascends through tube A, and passes into the mouth of the

page_text: smoker cool, clean, & pure.
We also place a piece of camphor in
.. without
space B, and by passing this the smoke becomes and acts as a disinfectant
in a sick room or other place. The pipes can be used with
the camphor.
or.
smoker cool, clean, & pure.
We also place a piece of camphor in
space B, and by passing this the smoke becomes and acts as a disinfectant
in a sick room or other place. The pipes can be used with or without
the camphor.
We do not bind ourselves to clay in the manufacture of these pipes, as
they can be made in any other material.
IMPROVED VALVE OR STOP-COCK
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the " International
Patent Office," Southampton Buildings, London, Consulting
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVED VALVE OR STOP-COCK.”—A
communication from abroad by John Cram Chapman, of Cambridge-
port, Massachusetts, United States of America..
Sealed the 17th June 1870, and dated the 2nd May 1870.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Robert Lake at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and*
Declaration, on the 2nd May 1870, pursuant to the 9th Section of
the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852..
WILLIAM
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,.
ROBERT LAKE, of the " International Patent Office, Southampton:
Buildings, London, Consulting Engineer, send greeting..

page_text: "
in combination with a seating or packing of " Babbitt or other soft
metal, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Second day of May, in the year of
.
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE. (L.S.)
Witness,
J. TEARE,
Clerk to Mess. Haseltine, Lake & Co., .
Southampton Buildings,
London.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VERTICAL SAW FRAMES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Blackett Haigh at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th April 1870.
I, WILLIAM BLACKETT HAIGI, of Oldham, in the County of Lan-
caster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VERTICAL SAW FRAMES," to be as follows:-
First, I cause the frame which holds the saws to move up and down
for
in grooved or plain steel pulleys, adjusted to the frame by set screws,
the purpose of enabling the frame and saws to have a greater speed with
less friction than heretofore, and thereby obtain a great saving of power
in sawing.
Secondly, I employ an improved chain feed, which consists of several
wrought-iron dogs to fasten upon the timber to take it up to the saws
when cutting; these dogs have an eccentric lever which is made to take
hold and let go the timber at the proper time by stops fixed for the
purpose so as to be self-adjusting.
Thirdly, I employ an improved disc feed wheel attached to a chain

page_text: motion for the purpose of varying the speed of feed, or I use a cone
wheel pulley worked by a chain for the same purpose.
And, fourthly, I balance the frame for the different numbers of saws
by means of water or other liquid, or by shot introduced into a cavity
in one of the arms or boss or rim of the fly wheel or other wheel or
pulley upon the crank shaft.
The pulleys against which the saw frame work can also be covered
with india-rubber or other composition, or they can be made of other
metal or hard substance or composition instead of steel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF STEAM GENERATORS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION leſt by David Joy at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd March
1870.
I, DAVID JOY, of Saltburn, in the County of York, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS
AND APPARATUS FOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF STEAM GENERATORS," to be
as follows:-
My Invention consists in producing an artificial circulation in or
breaking up of the water in a steam generator by taking steam from
above the water line, and either at once or after superheating it forcing
it into the water at the bottom of the boiler, by preference distributing
the steam in such manner that in rising to the surface it shall produce
an upward current throughout the body of water in the generator; and
I do this either by pumping the steam from the same or from another
generator by means of any suitable known construction of pump, or I
use a separate boiler or generator to raise steam at a sufficiently higher

page_text: pressure to cause it to pass, as above described, through the water in the
ordinary boiler. Or for the same purpose I force into the generator
water previously raised to a temperature very much in excess of that of
the water in the generator, such water being either taken from the
generator itself or being the feed water or part of it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MARINERS' COMPASSES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Enrico Fileti at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd August.
1870.
I, ENRICO FILETI, Director of the Nautical College of Palermo, in
Sicily, in the Kingdom of Italy, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MARINERS' COMPASSES," to be as follows :—
The directive power of the magnetic needle in the compass is very
often disturbed by the attractive influence of iron in its vicinity inde-
pendently of the effects of polarity, permanent or induced, which the
iron may also possess.
My Invention consists in a novel method of constructing the compass.
card or directive magnetie arrangement so as to be neutral or nearly
neutral to the attraction of iron in its vicinity, and is effected as
follows: It is well known that the attraction between the magnet and
iron increases equally from a neutral point at the middle of the magnetic
bar towards each of its poles, consequently a mass of iron being brought
near to either pole of the needle in a plane not coincident with the
magnetic meridian deflects the needle more or less by attracting it
from that plane, but if on the compass card several equal magnetic

page_text: needles are fixed symmetrically in radial directions the polar influences
are symmetrically distributed over the card, and as the resultant of all
the lines of polar forces lies in the plane of the magnetic meridian the
card possesses a true directive power as in the case of the single needle,
but with the important difference that on the approach of a mass of iron
towards any part of the circumference of the compound card the
attractive influence is divided equally or symmetrically between the
various needles constituting the arrangement, and is thus neutralized
while the directive power of the card remains undisturbed.
It will be understood that in iron ships any effects of polarity in the
iron afloat in disturbing the directive power of the compass would not
be neutralized or corrected by my compound magnetic card, but in the
approximate methods of correction, as for instance, by means of com-
pensator magnets the operation becomes more complicated and difficult
in consequence of the compound nature of the disturbing influence, and
less efficient in long voyages from the same cause; it is therefore of
importance to remove as much as possible one of the sources of
disturbance.
It will appear evident that any convenient number of magnetic
needles may be thus symmetrically arranged on the card and instead of,
for instance ten needles as radii of the circle five longer needles placed
diametrically so as to correspond to equal angles and crossing each other
at the centre would produce a similar effect.
Similar results may be obtained by various other symmetrical arrange-
ments of magnetic bars or needles attached to a card or to a neutral
centre of some rigid material or by forming a symmetrical star out of
one piece of steel and magnetizing the arms so as to give them the
proper polarity.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE RUNNING WHEELS OF CARRIAGES AND OTHER VEHICLES MOUNTED ON WHEELS, AND WHEELS AND RIGGERS USED IN MACHINERY
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Coles at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
February 1870.
I, THOMAS COLES, of Fort Place, Sandy Hill, Woolwich, in the
County of Kent, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE RUNNING WHEELS
OF CARRIAGES AND OTHER VEHICLES MOUNTED ON WHEELS, AND WHEELS AND RIGGERS
USED IN MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to wheels constructed of metal, and consists
in so combining together the several parts thereof, namely, the boss,
the spokes, the felloe, and tire or outer bond, as to enable the
parts to be easily and speedily detached from each other for repairs
when necessary, and at the same time when the parts are put together
to form a solid and substantial wheel which shall be cheap, light, and
strong.
The following is an example of the mode of constructing wheels
and riggers according to this Invention, that is to say, I propose to
form the spokes either of solid wrought-iron rods or hollow tubes,
or I form them of solid iron of an oval or other shape in cross section,

page_text: and make them all of the same length. The ends thereof, either
one or both, I form plain and with a shoulder when not of round
iron or tubing, and I form circular holes or recesses in the bond or
felloe to receive the upper ends of the several spokes. The boss of
the wheel I form hollow and in two parts, fitting into each other
somewhat similar to the teeth of a man trap. I also form those
parts of the boss that fit on to the axle solid, and make recesses therein
to receive the lower ends of the several spokes, one-half of the entire
number of the spokes being in one half of the boss and the other half
of the entire number of the spokes in the other half of the boss, so
that the spokes spread out at the boss, but all range in_a_line_in_the-
bond or felloc, and the length of the said spokes should be such that
when they are inserted into the recesses in the divided boss and the
bond, upon forcibly bringing together the aforesaid divided boss it
shall have the effect of so pressing the spokes by their ends into their
respective recesses as to tightly hold them in position between the
bond and the boss of the wheel as that they form a solid and substantial
wheel for carriages or other vehicles or rigger to carry a band to drive
machinery. The divided parts of the boss I connect and securely hold
together by screw bolts. The spokes of wheels thus constructed are not
liable to become loosened by use or by expansion and contraction of the
parts of which they are formed.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MOUSTACHE SUPPORT
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Burley and Laurence
Glover at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 4th June 1870.
We, JOHN BURLEY and LAURENCE GLOVER, both of Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED MOUSTACHE SUPPORT," to be
as follows:-
Our Invention consists of an instrument or apparatus constructed as
herein-after described for the purpose of supporting the moustache
during eating or drinking in a position above its ordinary level, so as to
prevent the moustache coming in contact with the food or drink.
The said support consists essentially of a comb curved or bent into
the form of the upper lip and a narrow plate connected to the back
or unperforated part of the comb and situated at right angles to the
comb.
When the comb is placed under the moustache and pressed upwards.
it attaches itself to the moustache, the narrow plate being situated in a.
horizontal plane and constituting a small screen or guard on which, the
moustache is supported in the required position.

page_text: The two parts of the support may be made from one piece of metal
or tortoiseshell or other material, or they may be made from two
pieces which are afterwards joined together; or they may be jointed
together so as to be capable when not in use of being folded upon one
another.
The comb part may be made of an elastic material and attached to
the other part by sliding in a slot or groove therein, or otherwise.
In this arrangement the screen or guard part may be made hollow so
as to form a case in which to insert the comb part when the support is
not in use.
Instead of making the comb part with a series of teeth to fix them-
selves to the moustache two spring teeth or arms may be employed
situated at such a distance apart that they will gently grasp the nose
and thereby fix the support.
We do not restrict ourselves to the use of any particular materiale.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DISTILLING CRUDE MINERAL OILS, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Richard Southby at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th March 1870.
I, EDMUND RICHARD SOUTHBY, of Shotts, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DISTILLING CRUDE MINERAL OILS, AND IN
APPARATUS THEREFOR," to be as follows:
66
This Invention relates to the process of distilling or once running"
crude mineral oils, in which process, as ordinarily practised, the contents
of the still are heated to different temperatures in succession, in order to
effect a first separation into products distilling at the said different
temperatures.
The Invention consists in the first place in using three or more stills
or vessels connected by pipes, so that the oil may be transferred from
one to the other. A limited range of temperature is applied to cach
vessel, and the ranges of temperature are successively higher in the-
vessels into which the oil or residue is successively transferred. By
these means both time and fuel will be much economized, and they will

page_text: avoid the ordinarily great risk of injuring the stills or vessels by refilling
them with comparatively cold oil when they are highly heated.
The Invention consists further in connecting to the bottom of the first
or coolest still or vessel (in which the temperature may range from below
to a little above 212 degrees Fahrenheit) a vessel which is not heated,
and in which water and other impurities may settle down from the crude
oil, and from which they may be drawn off before ebullition and heat
currents cause them to be retained in suspension, and to be carried
forward to the succeeding stills or vessels in which their subsequent
deposition may injure the apparatus.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN BRAIDING MACHINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nathaniel Jones Amies at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th July 1870.
I, NATHANIEL JONES AMIES, of Manchester, in the County of Lan-
caster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BRAIDING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
These improvements are designed with a view of economizing space in
such machines, and by enabling a much larger bobbin (and consequently
greater length of thread or yarn) to be employed than heretofore, to
economize both time and labor as the bobbins will not require changing
so frequently. I make the spindles a little longer than usual, and I
arrange the bobbins in such a way that they do not work opposite to each
other, that is to say, the bobbins of each alternate spindle are carried at
the bottom of the spindles close to the table, whilst the bobbin of each
intermediate spindle is carried near to the top, so that they work above
the other set of bobbins. By these means, as each bobbin does not come
opposite to the bobbin of the next spindle but opposite to the bare
spindle only, I am enabled to use bobbins of much larger diameter in

page_text: the same machine, and hence to effect the economies of space, time, and
labor above alluded to.
In round braiding machines it is well known that the spindles work in
pairs, and I have one bobbin above and one below in each pair, but in
flat braiding machines there is always one odd spindle. The bobbin of
this spindle, as it has to thread its way through the others, I place at an
intermediate height and make it of smaller diameter; this single bobbin
will of course require to be changed oftener than the others, but by
making it of an increased length it may be made to contain almost as
much thread or yarn as the rest.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKES FOR CARRIAGES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bevitt and Thomas
Strickland at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 9th February 1870.
We, WILLIAM BEVITT, of Romford, in the County of Essex, Mill-
wright, and THOMAS STRICKLAND, of the same Place, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BRAKES FOR CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel arrangement of self-acting brake for
stopping or retarding the progress of vehicles by the pulling up of the
horses employed in drawing the same, which arrangement will take
all strain off the axle of the brake wheels and will relieve the horses
from all unnecessary straining when stopping. The pole of the vehicle
is free to slide in its bearings a limited distance, say two inches. When,
therefore, the horses are pulled up they will force back the pole and
cause it to set the brakes in action. The end of the pole or continuation
of it butts against a concave segmental termination of a central slido
carried by guides affixed to the inain or hind frame. This slide is jointed
to an arm projecting from a transverse shaft mounted in front of the
hind wheels in bracket bearings pendent from the framing, and it serves

page_text: to impart a rocking motion thereto when the concave segment is forced
back by the pressure of the pole upon it. This rock shaft carries at its
extremities a pair of brakes, and by means of arms and link rods it com-
municates a similar motion to a transverse shaft mounted in the rear
of the hind wheels and similarly fitted with brakes. When therefore a
back pressure is put on the slide the brakes on the opposite sides of the
bind wheels will be simultaneously put in action, and they will grip
the peripheries of the wheels firmly and thus retard or stop the vehiclo.
The object of giving the sliding bolt a segmental termination is to ensure
the pole setting the brakes in action whatever may be (at the moment) :
the position of the pole with respect to the hind frame of the carriage,
for without this lateral extension of the central slide the pole when
forced back out of line with the vehicle would miss the bolt, and
to avoid this a more complex construction of slide would be required.
To prevent the brakes from acting when not required on the wheels the 1
pole is to be locked or stopped from sliding backwards. For this purpose
a fork or block is provided which can be. applied by the driver placing
his foot on the end of the vertical rod which carries it. This rod may
be provided with one or more universal joints to allow for the locking
or turning of the vehicle. The fork or lock is lifted or turned out of
action by means of a coiled spring. The brakes may be kept clear of
the wheels when not required to act by means of an adjustable spring
connected with one of the transverse rock shafts.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles East at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th January
1870.
I, CHARLES EAST, of Kettering, in the County of Northampton, Boot
and Shoe Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOTS AND SHOES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved mode of securing the outer
sole to the middle sole in the fore part of a boot or shoe, whereby
increased durability and elasticity are obtained, whilst the article itself.
presents a neater appearance than the ordinary rivetted or pegged boots,
inasmuch as no fastenings are exposed on the exterior of the sole..
According to my Invention I propose to drive into the surface of the
middle sole after it has been secured to the upper and inner sole a
number of metal pins or nails, which may or may not extend through
the middle and inner soles, but should be left projecting sufficiently from
the outer surface of the middle sole to form a fastening for the outer
sole. These projecting parts of the pins or nails should then be jointed
by filing or otherwise, and the outer sole by preference previously

page_text: moistened is then laid upon the projecting points of the pegs or nails,
and hammered or pressed therein so as to secure it firmly against the
middle sole. The waist portion of the outer sole is now stitched through
and through to the inner sole and upper, which completes the operation
without the necessity for channelling or grooving the sole.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS OR MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR THE PURPOSE OF HEATING CHURCHES, CHAPELS, AND OTHER BUILDINGS
Year: 1870

page_text: :
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Rundle and Thomas
Parker at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 5th January 1870.
We, RICHARD RUNDLE, of Idle, near Leeds, in the County of York,
Primitive Methodist Minister, and Thomas PARKER, of the same Place,
Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED APPARATUS OR MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR THE PURPOSE OF
HEATING CHURCHES, CHAPELS, AND OTHER BUILDINGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention is designed for the purpose of heating churches,
chapels, and other buildings in a more efficient and economical manner
than has hitherto been accomplished.
According to this Invention hot water is circulated through the
building in gas or steam tubes or pipes made of wrought iron, such
tubes or pipes being used in preference to those made of cast iron, or
to the hydraulic tubes ordinarily employed in similar apparatus. The
advantages gained by the use of these wrought-iron tubes are that
they give greater heat, the fuel is economised, and they are cheaper to
procure.

page_text: The tubes or pipes proceed from the boiler, and are laid upon the floor
or in any other convenient position.
The boiler to be used with this heating apparatus is constructed of
short pieces of similar tubing or pipes, but wider in dimensions; the
tubes or pipes are connected together at the top and bottom by means
of T's, elbows, or bends, and stand on their ends. The boiler is con-
structed of any convenient number and size of tubes. The ends of the
tubes may be either drawn to form the same, or brought small by the
application and use of a diminished socket. An." expansion" tube is
used in connection with the above. Connected with and underneath the
expansion" tube is a "bow" for the purpose of causing the water all
to run in one direction in filling or feeding. By this means all air is
driven out of the tubes, the formation of steam is prevented, and all
liability to explosion is avoided, the safety of the apparatus being thereby
enhanced in a great degree. The feed tube is placed between the
expansion" and the boiler by means of which the apparatus is fed or
supplied through the bottom of the boiler; it is also connected to the
return tube between the "expansion" and the boiler.
. "
66
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FIRE LIGHTERS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Buck at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th March
1870.
I, GEORGE BUCK, of 28, Laurence Lane, in the City of London, and
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FIRE LIGHTERS," to be as
follows:-
-
I prepare by grinding or brusing bark knots, or the spent bark of
tanners with splints of wood or shavings of wood, and at the same
time cmbuimg these matters with napthaline, para-napthaline or
mortuole until they are thoroughly and completely combined, and this
may be performed either hot or cold, and either by hand or any
mechanical appliances.
I afterwards mold or form this substance into any form or shape
desirable to the purpose for which it may be intended, with the aid of
rezin or pitch, either vegetable or mineral.