CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY, OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING OR MANUFACTURING SODA WATER, AND OTHER AERATED WATERS AND LIQUIDS
Year: 1847

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
COLLIER BAKEWELL, of Hampstead, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster the Eleventh day of
November, (One thousand eight hundred and forty-seven,) in the eleventh
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Frederick Collier Bakewell, my exors, adñiors, and assigns,
Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said
Frederick Collier Bakewell, my exors, admors, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Frederick Collier Bakewell, my exors, admors, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, in the Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and
Man, and in all Her said Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, my
Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY, OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING
OR MANUFACTURING SODA WATER, AND OTHER AERATED WATERS AND LIQUIDS;" in
which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that I, the said Frederick
Collier Bakewell, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High

page_text: Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same,
reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Frederick Collier Bakewell, do hereby declare that the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference
being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters
marked thereon, that is to say:-
My Invention consists of improvements in any former patented Invention of
a method of making soda water and other aerated liquids by generating the
carbonic acid gas under pressure, and causing it to force itself into the liquids
by its own elasticity. In my former Invention for effecting this object the
vessel was divided into two compartments, an upper and a lower one. The
lower one was used for generating the gas, which was produced by causing a
portion of diluted sulphuric acid to drop from a cistern among chalk or
carbonate of soda, as the machine was vibrated on pivots. The gas when thus
generated rushed through a series of tubes and entered the water through a
perforated rose.
In my present Invention the apparatus is arranged as follows:-Figure 1,
represents a section of the vessel. It is made of earthenware or stoneware,
sufficiently strong to bear the requisite pressure. The interior space B holds
the water or other liquid to be aerated; A is a conical pipe, drawn to a
projecting nose at the upper end e, and closed at the bottom. For convenience.
in making the earthenware, it is advisable not to let the pipe reach to the
bottom of the vessel, but to make it about one-eighth of an inch shorter. This
pipe is stuck to the side of the vessel. Inside of the conical pipe an earthen-
ware strainer d is fixed about one-fourth of the whole length of the pipe from.
the bottom. A tube c, i, opens into the upper part of the conical pipe, and
passes along the outside of it to the bottom, where five or six small holes,
i, i, i, i, i, are made one above the other. The small tube g, open at the
bottom, conducts the aerated liquid to the stop-cock, which is fitted to the
aperture at h. The aperture at f is for the purpose of filling the interior space
B. For greater convenience in use, and for the protection of the earthenware
vessel, it is cemented inside a tin case with Roman çement or plaster of
Paris, and it is mounted by means of pivot handles soldered on to the sides
on to a cast-iron stand, whereon it may be vibrated as represented in Figure 2.
On to the top of the tin case, screws (which fit over the two projecting
earthenware noses e and f) are soldered, and by means of screw caps, corks,

page_text: or washers are screwed into or down upon the earthenware, so as to dispense
with cemented joints. The stop-cock is also screwed tight up against the
earthenware in a similar manner. A small circular indentation is made
round the external orifice of the tube g, to. receive a washer of leather with
a hole in the middle; and a metal socket being soldered on the tin case, the
stop-cock is by that means screwed firmly up against the earthenware. The
proportions of the various parts will depend on the sizes and shapes of the
vessels, but assuming one gallon to be the standard size, the following are the
forms and proportions which I prefer:-The earthenware vessel is a cylinder
with a domed top, sixteen inches high by six inches diameter (inside measure).
The conical pipe A should be three and a half inches diameter (inside
measure) at the bottom, and gradually diminish towards the top in the form
shewn in Figure 1. The tube c, i, should not be less than one quarter of an inch
diameter, and it should be contracted at the upper end c, to the eighth of an
inch. The strainer d should be placed so high in the conical pipe, that the
space below it will hold nearly one pint of water. The holes in the strainer
are about one quarter of an inch in diamater, and are placed close together in
a single row, as near to the circumference of the pipe as possible. Figure 3
represents this form of strainer which should be made as thin as conveniently
can be.
The thickness of the exterior of the earthenware vessel should not be
less than half an inch throughout.
The following is the mode of using the apparatus:-When the vessel (which
I will suppose to be of the size of one gallon) is mounted on its stand, nearly
fill the space B, through the aperture at f, with the liquid to be aerated, then
pour into the aperture at e about three-quarters of a pint of water, which will.
run through the holes of the strainer d, and settle below it. Afterwards
introduce through the same aperture about three ounces of crystallised tartaric.
acid coarsely pulverised, and then put into the same opening about a quarter
of a pound of carbonate of soda in powder, make the orifice e air-tight with a
cork or washer and the screw cap. Scarcely any action will take place
between the acid and soda so long as the apparatus rėmains steady, but as
soon as it is vibrated, a portion of the water beneath the strainer rushes
through the holes, and by bringing a small quantity of the acid and soda into
contact with liquid carbonic acid gas is immediately generated.
The gas
having no escape but down the tube c, i, is forced through the minute orifices
i, i, i, i, i, into the liquid contained in the space B. After allowing a small
quantity of gas to escape through the orificef for the purpose of expelling the
atmospheric air, that orifice should be made air-tight in the same manner as
the orifice at e. The vibration of the vessel may be continued for five or ten

page_text: minutes, (taking care that it is not inclined beyond a horizontal position) till
the liquid is highly aerated. When all the aerated liquid is drawn off, the
.conical pipe A must be emptied and rinsed out with warm water. Though the
use of tartaric acid and carbonate of soda is preferred other materials for
generating the carbonic acid gas may be employed; for instance, diluted
sulphuric acid may be poured into the conical pipe A instead of water, and
then the soda may be introduced without any tartaric acid.
In this Invention I do not claim as new the mode of making soda water by
generating the gas under pressure, but I claim,-
First, the arrangement of keeping the carbonates used for generating
carbonic acid gas nearly dry during the action of the acid or acids so as to
prevent violent ebullition.
Second, I claim also the mode of closing the orifices, and of fixing the stop-
cock, by screwing down corks or washers directly into or on to the earthenware
vessel itself, whereby joints are dispensed with, and metallic contact with the
liquid is avoided.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Collier Bakewell, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Ninth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-eight.
FREDERICK COLLIER (L.S.) BAKEWELL.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Ninth day of May, in the year
of our Lord 1848, the aforesaid Frederick Collier Bakewell, came before
our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Speci-
fication aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in
form above written. And also the specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Eleventh day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand