CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CUTTING TOOLS; AND IN THE WORKING OF IRON, BRASS, AND OTHER METALS, AND WOOD AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Whitehead and Thomas Whitehead,
both of Leeds, in the County of York, Machine and Tool Makers,
for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CUTTING TOOLS;
AND IN THE WORKING OF IRON, BRASS, AND OTHER METALS, AND WOOD
AND OTHER MATERIALS."
Sealed the 28th December 1853, and dated the 1st November 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Whitehead
and Thomas Whitehead at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 1st November 1853.
We, JOHN WHITEHEAD and THOMAS WHITEHEAD, of the firm of
Taylor, Wordsworth, & Co., of Leeds, in the County of York, Machine
and Tool Makers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CUTTING TOOLS, AND IN THE WORKING OF IRON,

page_text: BRASS, AND OTHER METALS, AND WOOD AND OTHER MATERIALS," to be as
follows:-
1st. In fixing to the saddle of a slide lathe or other lathe three or
more turning tools, all the said tools to be moved in and out at the
same time or otherwise by a scroll screw or any other mechanical
movement for the purpose of turning a larger or smaller diameter.
2nd. In making a boring head to hold three or more tools, all the said
tools to be moved in and out at the same time or otherwise by scroll
screw or any other mechanical movement for the purpose of boring a
larger or smaller diameter of cylinder. .
3rd. In cutting the teeth of spur wheels, worm wheels, and racks by
means of a steel worm having saw teeth on its periphery revolving
against a plain wheel or plain rack, and thereby cutting teeth in the
same without the use of an index or dividing wheel.
4. In planing, fluting, and shaping by means of two or more pairs
of uprights, and two or more pairs of cross slides opposite each other,
the tools to stand with their points towards each other so as to plane
continuously as the planing machine travels backwards and forwards,
thereby keeping the machine always cutting, that is, cutting both back-
wards and forwards, straight, angular, or perpendicular, at the same
time, and so keeping the machine always cutting at one uniform
speed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Whitehead and Thomas Whitehead in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st May 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we,
JOHN WHITEHEAD and THOMAS WHITEHEAD, both of Leeds, in the
County of York, Machine and Tool Makers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the seventeenth

page_text: year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto us, the said John Whitehead and Thomas Whitehead, Her
special license that we, the said John Whitehead and Thomas White-
head, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we,.
the said John Whitehead and Thomas Whitehead, our executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein;
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
CUTTING TOOLS, AND IN THE WORKING OF IRON, BRASS, AND OTHER METALS, AND
WOOD AND OTHER MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that
we, the said John Whitehead and Thomas Whitehead, by an instrument
in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one
of us, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Whitehead and Thomas
Whitehead, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had
to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon (that is to say):
This Invention relates to the employment of certain arrangements of
mechanism for facilitating the operations of turning cylindrical surfaces,
of cutting the teeth of wheels, and of planing, slotting, and grooving
metals and other materials.
In the accompanying Drawing Figure 1 represents in side elevation
an improved arrangement of mechanism for turning shafting, and such
like solid cylindrical work, so much only of the parts being shewn as
will serve to explain the nature of the improvement. This part of our
Invention consists in fixing to the saddle of a slide lathe or other lathe
,

page_text: three or more cutting tools, to which a simultaneous backward or
forward movement may be given by means of a scrowl screw or other
mechanical equivalent for the purpose of turning or cutting a larger
or smaller diameter. a, a, is a circular plate having the bracket b
cast to it for the purpose of being bolted to the traversing saddle
of a hand or slide lathe, or it may, if preferred, be fixed to the
revolving spindle of a lathe. c, c, c, are three guide pieces cast to the
circular plate a, and intended severally to carry a slide d. These
slides move in and out simultaneously for the purpose of causing
the cutting tools to approach or recede from their work as required.
This action is effected by means of screws e, e, e, which connect the
slides with the guide pieces. To each of these screws e a bevil
pinion is keyed, and all of these pinions gear into the large bevil
wheel g. When, therefore, one of the screws e is turned, its pinion f
will transmit an axial motion to the wheel g, and through that wheel
and the pinions in gear with it turn the screws of the other slides d,
whereby the three slides will be caused to move in or out at the same
time. h, h, h, are three independent slides which carry the three radial
cutting tools i, i, i, for turning down the shaft j; k, k, k, are screws for
moving out the slides h, h, h, separately for the purpose of adjusting
the turning tools to their required positions.
The second part of our Invention consists in making a boring head
to hold three or more cutting tools, which by preference are capable of
simultaneous adjustment by scrowl screws or any other mechanical
equivalent for the purpose of boring cylinders of various diameters. In
Figure 2, a is an axle to which a circular plate is keyed. This plate
carries guides c, c, c, which are set radially and are intended to receive
slides d, d, d, in which the cutting tools f, f, are secured. The slides
d, d, d, are provided with pins or projections which fit into a scrowl e,
carried by the axle a. The tools are brought up to their work by
turning the scrowl e, which movement causes the slides to approach
cach other. The simultaneous.adjustment of the slides d, d, d; may be
accomplished by means of screws as shewn in Figure 1, in lieu of the
scrowl e, if thought desirable.

page_text: The third part of our Invention relates to the cutting of the teeth of
spur wheels, worm' wheels, and racks, and consists in the employment for
that purpose of a steel worm having saw teeth on its periphery, which
worm is brought into contact with and caused to revolve against.a
plain wheel or plain rack, and thereby cut or mill out teeth-in the
same without the use of an index or dividing-wheel: In Figure 3, a is,
an arbor, on which the steel cutter is fixed, and c is a plain wheel
against which the rotating cutter is caused to bear and cut out the
teeth on the periphery of the plain wheel. This worm may be brought
to bear against the plain wheel by an ordinary slide; and may be worked
upwards or downwards, in or out, or at any angle, also by means of
slides.
The fourth part of our Invention refers to the planing, fluting,
shaping, or slotting of various articles, and consists in the use of two or
more pairs of uprights, and two or more pairs of cross slides opposite
each other, for the purpose of carrying and bringing into operation tools
which stand with their cutting points towards each other (or otherwise);
and plane or cut continuously as the planing machine table or the
cutters travel backwards and forwards, thereby keeping the machine
always cutting and at a uniform speed, that is cutting, both backwards
and forwards, up and down, or angularly.
.
'
.:
We are aware that cutting tools have been used in planing machines
with their points turned from each other, whereby a backward and
forward cut has been obtained, but in these cases the cutters have been
at a considerable distance from each other, and the planing machine
table has consequently, been required to travel a considerable distance
to bring the metal under operation: But according to our Invention
we arrange the points of the tools at a very short distance from each
other, whether pointed to or from each other, so that when the planing
table is set in motion the two cutters operate almost as if they were
one tool, thereby preventing, the great traverse of the table in the first
case, or, in other words, effecting a considerable saving of time in
operating the machine.
'
In the accompanying Drawing Figure 4 is a longitudinal clevation

page_text: of a planing machine shewing so much of the machine as is necessary to
elucidate our plan; a, is an ordinary planing machine bed, and b, the
table which travels backwards and forwards at one uniform speed;
c, c, are the two uprights which may be either cast together or separately;
d, d, are two. cross slides which carry the cutting tools e, e, (standing
opposite each other,) and are provided with all the ordinary motions
requisite for horizontal or perpendicular planing. The same mechanism
is also applicable as a fluting machine for fluting rollers, an intermittent
axial motion being in that case given to the work by a ratchet wheel
and click, or otherwise.
Figure 5 is a modification of the above-described arrangement, only
one pair of uprights and one cross slide being in this case used. The
same letters of reference refer to the like parts in Figures 4 and 5.
Figure 6 is a further modification of the same. In this instance the
sliding bar a is fixed in the slotting bar of a slotting or shaping machine,
and as the bar works up and down, the cutting tools b, b, cut alternately.
The same may be also used in a planing machine by fixing the holding
bar c to the cross slide of a planing machine, whereby the cutters b, b,
will be caused to act alternately.
Having now described the nature of our Invention of certain im-
provements in cutting tools, and in the working of iron, brass, and
other metals, and wood and other materials, and set forth the manner
of carrying the same into effect, we wish it to be understood that under
the above in part recited Letters Patent we claim,--
First, the employment of three or more cutters mounted in one and
the same saddle or head, and capable of acting simultaneously on the
work, whether such tools be employed in cutting concave or convex
surfaces.
Secondly, we claim the use of worms having saw teeth on their
periphery for the purpose of cutting the teeth of wheels and racks, as
described.
.
Thirdly, we claim the arrangement of cutting tools for planing,
fluting, shaping, or slotting metals, wood, and other materials, as
described with reference to Figures 4, 5, and 6, or any mere modification

page_text: hereof, for effecting a quick succession of backward and forward cuts
as above explained.
In witness whereof, the said John Whitehead and Thomas
Whitehead have hereunto set their hands and seals, the
Twenty-fifth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
JOHN WHITEHEAD.
(L.S.)
THOMAS WHITEHEAD. (L.S.).
Signed and sealed by the said John
Whitehead and Thomas White-
head in the presence of
J. B. WILKINSON,
Clerk to J. & H. Richardson & Gaunt,
Solrs, Leeds.