IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP
Year: 1849

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOSIAN
BOWDEN, of Liskeard, Linen Draper, and WILLIAM LONGMAID, of Beaumont
Square, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Fourth day of July
(One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine), in the thirteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Hèr heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Josiah Bowden and William Longmaid, our exors, adñiors, and assigns,
Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that we, the
said Josiah Bowden and William Longmaid, our exors, admors, and assigns,
and such others as we, the said Josiah Bowden and William Longmaid, our
exors, adiňors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, our Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP;" in which said Letters Patent is con-
tained a proviso that we, the said Josiah Bowden and William Longmaid, or
one of us, shall cause a particular description of the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument
in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of
ús, to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had,
will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
Josiah Bowden and William Longmaid, do hereby declare that the nature of
our said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed,
are fully described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof,
that is to say-
Our Invention consists of improvements in manufacturing soft soap when
rosin and tallow are used. Heretofore, when such descriptions of soft soap
have been made, it has been usual first to manufacture hard soap and then to
make the same into soft soap. Now by our improvements the raw materials
(rosin and tallow) are converted directly into soft soap. In carrying this
Invention into practice we first make an alkaline lye of about the strength
of 5° Twaddle's hydrometer, and we prefer to use soda ash of the strength of
80% carbonate of soda to twenty gallons of caustic lye. We add about
twelve pounds tallow and eight pounds rosin (the quantity of solid matter may
be varied according to circumstances). When the tallow and rosin have
been dissolved we allow the mass to boil twenty or thirty minutes. The
operation is then complete, and the soap may be ladled into suitable vessels.
secondly, to a lye of the strength of 4° Twaddle's bydrometer we add sufficient
caustic potass to increase the strength to 5°, and proceed as before. In this
case also the materials may be varied in their relative proportions, so long as
the peculiar character of the process is retained.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Longmaid, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fourth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty.