Improvements in the Method of and Machinery for Working or Dressing Stone or the like.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Nov., 1897--Accepted, 1st Jan., 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of and Machinery for Working or
Dressing Stone or the like.
I, GEORGE LEONE BADGER, of 56 Crescent Street, Quincy, Commonwealth of
Massachusetts, United States of America, Manufacturer of Stone Dressing
Machinery and Dressed Granite, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention has for its object the production of a novel method and machine
for working stone or the like to a finished, usually plane surface.
Prior to my invention machines for this purpose have been constructed con-.
taining a spider or tool holder mounted to rotate about an axis perpendicular to
the desired finished surface of the stone, and carrying at its edge or periphery a
plurality of rotatable wheels or tools which, on rotation of the carrier are rolled
about in the path of a circle upon the stone surface, said wheels or tools by their
continuous rolling upon the stone acting to crush or crumble the same down to
a finished surface which is a plane coincident with the plane in which the cutting
edges of the tools roll.
In machines of this type the rotating tools roll upon and in contact with the
stone for a considerable period of each rotation of the carrier, and because the
stone is crumbled off by the pressure or crushing action of the tools thereupon,
great pressure must necessarily be applied to the rotating tools, and the movements
are necessarily slow if any considerable portion of the stone is to be removed, as
there must be in order to make the machines practical for every day use.
I have sought to devise a machine for economically removing the greatest
possible amount of stone with the least pressure upon the tool or tools, and with
the least wear on the machine, and to provide such a construction as shall be
capable of operation at high speed.
In my efforts to devise such a machine, I have found first, that the tool should
be a rotatable tool in order that when brought in contact with the stone it may be
rotated to a greater or less extent as may be necessary to prevent a cutting or
knife-like action which would almost immediately ruin the tool.
I have also found that it is impossible to operate a machine at a high rate of
speed, and without excessive wear upon the tools if the latter are caused to roll
in constant contact with and to remove the stone by pure pressure or crushing,
ut that to remove the stone economically the tools, besides having this rotating
or yielding capability, should be brought into contact with the stone surface with
sharp impact, delivering clean-out blows and depending on the rapid succession
of fracturing blows to chip away the stone, rather than on the rolling pressure or
crushing action, as 'heretofore.
To accomplish this latter result, I mount preferably a series of rotatable tools upon a
rotatable carrier, preferably a disc arranged to rotate in a plane at an acute angle
with the surface of the stone operated upon, so that rotation of the carrier will
bring the tools successively into the plane of the stone surface and cause the tools

page_text: to deliver a rapid succession of blows upon the stone surface, and at an angle
therewith determined by the angle of the plane of rotation of the carrier.
For the best practical results, according to the present construction of my
machine, so far as I have determined, this plane should be at an angle of twenty
degrees or more to the stone surface, the tools striking the stone at approximately
their lowest point of travel, the blows are thus delivered with an impact sub-
stantially in the plane of the finished surface, and the stone is chipped off instead
of rolled or crushed off.
When the blows are struck, the tools yield upon their individual axes to a
greater or less extent, thereby preventing any cutting or knife-like action, without
lessening the force of the blows.
The blows are sharp and rapid and act to crack the stone away in chips, and
being delivered in a plane oblique to the stone surface and substantially in the
coincident line of said plane and the plane of the finished surface, as explained,
there is practically no downward impact, the blows acting to break off chips or
pieces from the edge or wall of the unfinished portion of stone above them instead
of below them, thus utilizing the rift and grain of the stone to the best advantage.
Another part of my invention relates to the manner of feeding the tools to the
work.
In the machines heretofore constructed, referred to, it has been customary to
feed these rotating tools directly across the stone surface or against the breast of
the tools, they cutting or finishing a path or swath, as it were, of a width cor-
responding to the diameter of the carrier and working always in a curved path
which is the path of rotation of the several tools as they roll upon the stone
surface.
Aside from the fact that this arrangement necessitates the keeping of the tools
in contact with the stone surface for a long period at each rotation of the carrier,
the method is further objectionable because the wear on the tools is enormous,
due to the slip or attrition between the tools and stone caused by the direction of
the feed being transverse to the main direction of the path of rolling
contact of the tools, and further, because the stone surface when finished presents
a series of arc-shaped lines representing the paths of the cutters, whereas it is
desirable to produce a surface wherein the tool marks run always in straight or
parallel lines as nearly as possible like the surface left by the usual bush-hammer.
In accordance with my invention, I feel the tools to the work by a relative
movement of the tools and work produced by moving either or both, the relative
movement taking place in a direction tangent to and in the plane of the path
of movement of the revolving tools, at the lowest point in that path of movement
that is to say, the feeding movement is in the direction of the line of intersection
of the plane of revolution of the tools and the stone surface, so that there can be
no attrition of the stone transversely to the edges of the tools, inasmuch as there
is no movement in that direction, and there is no attrition in the direction of the
blow, because the tools have the yielding capability, being freely rotatable.
This causes the successive blows of the tools to be delivered always in a straight
line until the tools have traversed the entire length or breadth of the stone, when
the operation is repeated, slightly to one side of the former path of movement to
remove another strip of stone, the tool-marks left upon the stone being parallel
and presenting an appearance resembling the marks of the bush-hammer.
My invention further comprehends the method by which the stone is removed
and also various details of construction and arrangement of parts of the machine
to be hereinafter described, and pointed out in the Claims.
In the drawings, Fig. 1 is a perspective view illustrating a part of a machine
embodying my invention, this Fig. showing the tools for working stone.
Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the rear portion of the machine, not shown in
Fig. 1, this Fig. showing the driving mechanism;
Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional detail of the tool carrier and its tools, showing
the angle of revolution of the tools and the action of the same upon the stone;

page_text: g. 4 is a diagram illustrating the preferred arrangement of the tools in the
machine;
Fig. 5 is a view substantially similar to Fig. 1, showing a modified embodiment
of the tool carrier and its operating means;
Fig. is an enlarged front elevation of a detail thereof, in order to show the
tool carrier more fully;
Fig. 7 is a vertical section, viewing from the left the parts shown in Fig.6;
Fig. 8 is a plan view illustrating means for operating the tool by electricity;
Fig. 9 is a perspective view of a further modification of my invention; and
Fig. 10 is a sectional detail, showing another modification in plan of the tool
and its carrier.
Referring to the drawings, Figs. 1-4, illustrating one embodiment of my
invention, A is one form of work-support, shown as a bed, provided at its undersido
with depending slides a, a, adapted to travel in suitable ways or tracks in the
base castings a¹, see Fig. 2.
This travelling work-support is preferably provided with suitable means as the
clamping devices a³, for securing in position upon the support a block of granite
or other stone S, as shown in Fig. 1.
The travelling support A is reciprocated in the present instance by a feed
screw a mounted in suitable supports and working in a nut a on the support A,
said feed screw being driven by a pulley a6 at opposite sides of which are the
loose pulleys a, crossed and open belts a, a, connecting the said pulleys with a
pulley a on a counter-shaft all suitably supported and driven in desired manner.
The travelling support A is shown as provided with two projections or
arms a, a, which at or near the opposite ends of the reciprocating movements
act upon the pivotted lever a, and move the same first in one and then in the
opposite direction, to thereby through the connecting rod and the belt shifting
mechanism a16, shift the belts a, a, alternately upon the driving pulley a to
rotate the screw first in one and then in an opposite direction to cause it to impart
the reciprocating movements to the travelling support.
Erected over the travelling support A is a frame comprising the standards b, b,
connected by a cross bar or crown piece b', and in this frame are suitable bearings
for the vertical threaded shafts or screws 62, which pass through suitable nuts
at the back of a horizontal and vertically adjustable supporting bar 6, which on
rotation of the threaded shafts 2, may be moved up or down, for purposes of
adjustment, as will be hereinafter referred to.
On this horizontal supporting bar bare mounted to slide horizontally the heads C
provided with the laterally extended arms e, shown as standing at an acute angle with
the surface of the travelling support A, and at their inner adjacent sides provided
with suitable bearings for the shafts e, shown as six in number, three mounted
on each arm and carrying at their lower ends the tool carriers ², shown as in'
the form of discs.
Each tool carrier has pivotally mounted upon it a plurality of rotatable tools,
herein shown as six in number, and in the present embodiment of my invention
said tools, shown as dises having bevelled edges 4, are secured by bolts and
nuts to suitable bushings ei journalled in hearings in the said tool carrier and
preferably parallel with the shafts c¹, the said bushings, bolts, and tools rotating
as one part.
The discs are preferably bevelled so as to present a wedge shaped edge or
sharp cracking edge to more readily strike the stone with a fracturing blow, this
edge having its upper surface inclined obliquely to the stone surface at the moment
of impact therewith, so that, besides the sharp blow, there may also be a wedging
mp lifting action accompanying the blow. This supplements as it were the
lateral and upward fracturing effect of the blow, due to the impact thereof being
delivered substantially horizontally, as stated, and without any downward crush-
ing action whatever, and results in a remarkably easy and rapid dislodgement of
the chips or broken off fragments.

page_text: While this construction is a good one, my invention is not limited to any par-
ticular means of pivotting the tools to the carrier therefor, nor is it otherwise
limited to the precise construction shown. The tools are given a forward and
backward and falling and rising movement or cycle of movements in regular and
rapid succession, so as to strike decided blows approximately as they reach the
lowest point in their travel, and depending upon this series of distinct blows for
fracturing the stone surface, and not upon rolling or crushing away the surface
of the stone. Also, according to the construction shown, this being my preferred
form, one tool, having delivered a blow, frees itself from the stone before another
blow is struck, or, in other words, the blows are absolutely distinct and are not
confused one with another..
In as much as the arms and the bearings thereon for the shafts e stand at an
acute angle with the surface of the travelling work-support, it follows that in the
construction shown, the disc-like tool carriers must necessarily rotate as shown,
in planes also standing at acute angles with the surface of the work support, and
necessarily with the surface of a rectangular block of stone arranged upon the said
work support, as best shown in Fig. 3.
Referring to said Fig. and to Fig. 1, it will be evident that rotation of the tool
carriers will cause their respective rotatable tools to successively strike, that is
deliver in succession, sharp blows upon the surface of the stone at an acute angle
therewith, the impact of the blows being delivered at the lowest point of travel
thereof substantially in the plane of the dressed surface, to chip the stone off in
pieces by lateral and upward fractures, each blow struck removing a small piece
of the stone.
By making the tools rotatable upon their carriers, the blows struck are none
the less effective, and the life of the tools is prolonged, because they' are free to
rotate about their respective pivots after the blows are struck, as they are momen-
tarily passing the stone surface, thereby by this yielding capability preventing
any scraping or cutting action of the tools on or into the stone, which' so quickly
ruins the tools.
This yielding capability of the tool also greatly enhances the value thereof in
wedging off the fractured clip, for, while the tool strikes its blow and then leaves
the stone instantly without any appreciable crushing action, there is a succeeding
instant of wedging contact of the edge of the tool with the stone surface during
the moment that the carrier is carrying the axis of the tool past its lowest point.
It is also evident that by mounting the tools and operating the same in the
manner described, the blows may be delivered in rapid succession, and therefore
correspondingly lighter, enabling the machine to be more simply and lightly
constructed, to render it cheaper to build and easier to handle.
The several shafts with their tool carriers and tools are rotated or operated
in any suitable or desired manner, herein by gearing all the shafts on each arm
together by means of usual gear wheels, and providing one of the shafts on each
arm, for example that nearest the frame b, b, with a pulley 10, said pulleys being
driven by belts e from and by a suitable driving cylinder el, journalled in suit-
able bearings ela, made vertically adjustable in a suitable frame Derected at the
back of the machine.
The bearings 3 referred to are adjusted vertically by means of threaded shafts d
journalled in the said frame D, and geared at their upper ends to a common con-
necting shaft, whereby simultaneous rotation of the said shafts is provided
for simultaneous adjustment of both the bearings 13.
To drive the cylinder 2, I have provided the same at one end with a bevelled
gear driven by an intermeshing gear splined upon a vertical driving
shaft mounted in suitable bearings on the standard C. and provided at its upper
end with a driven pulley 17 belted and driven in suitable manner so that what-
ever be the vertical position of the driving cylinder 2, it receives its motion from
the driving shaft c16
Referring now to Fig. 1, the threaded adjusting shafts, there shown, are

page_text: geared at their upper ends to a common connecting shaft b*, and one of the said
shafts 63 is provided with a hand-wheel h by which it and its corresponding shaft
at the other side of the machine may be simultaneously rotated for vertical adjust-
ment of the supporting bar 3 carrying the bearings for the tools, and I have
herein connected one of the shafts by means of gearing, and a connecting
shaft d, with one of the shafts for adjusting the driving cylinder, whereby
adjustment of the supporting bar 63 causes simultaneous adjustment of the driving
cylinder, in order that adjustment of the tools for blocks of stone of different sizes
will automatically cause corresponding adjustment of the driving mechanism to
operate the tools for the desired block.
I do not restrict my invention to a rotatable carrier nor to rotatable tools, as
a vibrating or other yielding movement of any tool or tools is within my
invention.
In Figs. 5-9 I have shown a single tool mounted on a vibrating carrier, and in
Fig. 10 I have shown two tools so mounted.
Referring to said Figs., it will be seen that I have provided one or more
heads m, two being shown, which are similar in office and construction to the
heads e already described.
Upon the head m I have in the present instance pivoted at m³ a swivel liead m*,
provided with a suitable bearing, in which is journalled the shaft », shown as
provided at its upper end with a crank n, the crank pin of which is connected
preferably directly, with the piston rod n², extending to the operating cylinder n³
and provided within said cylinder with a suitable piston adapted to be recipro-
cated in usual manner by a fluid under pressure, such as compressed air, steam,
gas, or the like, conducted to the said cylinder through one or more conducting
pipes n
The stroke of the piston within its cylinder is less than the full stroke of tho
crank n, so that said piston acts simply to vibrate the crank and rock the shaft.n,
to which it is connected, instead of rotating the same.
To the lower end of the shaft n is fixed the carrier n, shown as a crank arm, to
which is loosely connected, as by a pivot n, the tool n shown as and preferably
in the form of a dise having a bevelled edge, as shown in Fig. 6, although my
invention is not limited to the particular shape or formation of this tool, as any
shape or construction of tool adapted for the desired work may be employed.
Referring to Fig. 6, it will be seen that the cylinder 3 is swivelled at n in the
end of an arm m on the swivel head m³, so that by turning the said swivelled
head upon its pivot and relatively to the main heal m, the angularity of the toolj
with relation to the stone surface may be varied as desired.
Fluid under pressure, such for instance as steam, admitted to the valve chest
of the cylinder, will cause rapid reciprocation of the piston within said cylinder,
said piston acting through its piston rod, the crank and shaft n to vibrate
the carrier to cause the tool to travel rapidly back and forth in the are of a
circle about the axis of the shaft n, causing the said tool to deliver in rapid
succession blows upon and to remove the stone to a finished surface, the stone and
tool being given also a relative movement to cause the blows to be delivered in a
substantially straight line herein by the travel of the work-support beneath the
head m.
The advantage of this modified construction of my invention is that it enables
me to deliver the blows with great rapidity and yet have the tool travel at a com-
paratively low speed.
Where the tool or tools are revolved on a rotating carrier, as before described,
the number of blows which it is possible to deliver in a given period of time is
limited or restricted by the necessity of limiting the high speed with which the
tools strike the stone, as undue speed dulls them quickly.
By making the carrier vibrating instead of rotating, and by employing a small
or vibrating movement or throw of this carrier which need not exceed one inch
for a relatively large tool, the speed with which the tool strikes the stone surface

page_text: is greatly reduced, thereby prolonging the life of the tool; although my inven-
tion is not limited to any particular extent or stroke of the tool carrier or to any
size of tool.
Exceedingly practical results have been obtained by a vibration not exceeding
one quarter of an inch at a speed of 3300 vibrations per minute, the work being
done solely by the blow and not by the rolling pressure succeeding the blow, so
that it is requisite merely that blows shall be properly delivered, the general
swinging movement of the tool and carrier being a secondary matter.
To vary the angle of the plane in which the carrier travels, I have provided the
swivel head met with one or more clamping screws m*, by which said head may be
clamped in desired position relatively to the head m, the axial shaft or pivot
about which the tool carrier swings being herein shown as oblique to the stone
surface, although it may be in any direction desired or required.
In Fig. 8, I have shown an electric device in the form of a usual solenoid r.
the armature of which is connected with and to vibrate the carrier shaft,
herein through the medium of rack on the armature and a segment 7ª³ on the
shaft n.
In Fig. 9 I have shown a cylinder 3 as standing directly out from the swivelled
head m, the piston rod protruding from the said cylinder being connected with
a head * arranged to slide in the direction of movement of the piston in fixed
guides on the frame which holds the cylinder, the cutter or tool being loosely
or rotatably mounted upon a stud carrier by said head
*.
In this instance the cutter or tool is vibrated in a straight line, instead of in
the arc of a circle, as in the previous constructions, but it nevertheless operates to
deliver a succession of blows upon the stone surface since the latter is given a
relative feeding movement to the cutter or tool in a line substantially parallel
with the direction in which the tool travels, so that at each forward movement of
the tool it strikes a part of the stone surface and delivers a blow to chip off a
portion.
These are morely instances showing the adaptability of my invention and the
various means which may be employed for vibrating the tool carrier, whether in
a straight or a curved line.
In Fig. 10 I have shown the carrier as provided with a plurality of tools
arranged edge to edge on the same carrier.
I will now describe the means for feeding the tools to their work it will be
noticed that the tool carriers on each arm are shown as in line respectively with
each other, so that all the tools mounted upon each arm act in a single straight
line parallel with the direction of travel of the work support, and as the work
support reciprocates beneath the rotating tools, the latter will make a straight cut
or path lengthwise the stone surface and parallel with the direction of travel of
the work-support.
Having made one such cut, it is necessary to set all the tools, or the carriers
therefor, over for another cut parallel therewith, and to accomplish this I have
provided the supporting bar with two horizontal threaded shafts e, e, in threaded
engagement respectively with the heads C, C, or m, m, and each geared to and
adapted to be rotated by a suitable handle c' at one side of the machine.
By means of these handles, after each reciprocating movement of the travelling
work-support, the heads may be moved closer to each other to cause the tools upon
the next reciprocating movement to cut a new path across the stone, and in this
way the said cutters are caused to cut or, as it were, work inwardly from opposite
edges of the stone until they meet at the middle, as best shown in Figs. 1 and 5,
thus dressing the stone to a sharp finished edge on either side.
In the preferred embodiment of my invention, the tools on one of the arms
are staggered with relation to the tools on the other arm, as illustrated in Fig. 4,
in order that by suitable mechanism they may be brought closer one to the other,
and even brought so close as to completely finish the stone surface without leaving
a ridge to be worked off by either set alone, as would be the case were it not

page_text: possible to bring the two series of tool carriers into position, one series over-
lapping the other, as in Fig. 4.
It is obvious that my invention is not restricted to dressing plane surfaces, nor
to a rectilinear feeding movement.
By employing two heads and tools or sets of tools, as shown in Figs. 1 and 5
and feeding the same gradually towards each other both can operate simultaneously,
in working the stone from the edges toward the middle, thereby economizing
time, and both can counter-balance or resist the strains of each other due to the
resistance offered by the stone to the progress of the tools, supplementing or sup-
porting each other so as to render it possible to take deep cuts which would be
impossible, other things remaining the same, with the one set of cutters alone.
In Figs. 5-7 I have shown a retarding device o pressed against the face of the
tool by a spring o', and which acts to stop or check rotation of the tools about
its own axis when the tool leaves the stone surface, and by reason of the relative
vibrations of the carrier to this retarding or friction device, the latter operates to
assist in rotating the tool about its axis in the direction in which it will bo
rotated by contact with the stone surface, thereby assisting in preventing any
drag of the tool edge along the stone surface.
It is evident that any drag of the tool upon the stone surface would tend to dull
the tool, and it is to prevent this drag that the tool is loosely mounted upon The
carrier, in order that it may turn or move by reason of its contact with the stone
surface; I have found, however, that sometimes, under certain conditions, the
mere contact of the tool with the stone surface is not sufficient to set the tool in
motion about its axis to prevent drag, and in such instances a retarding or equiva-
lent device, such as herein described, is of value.
In working irregular surfaces or delicate edges, it is sometimes desirable to
temporarily hold the carrier against movement, leaving the tool free to travel in
contact with the stone surface without the blows, and for accomplishing this I
have herein provided a locking device, which, when set up against the carrier
bearing, holds the former fixedly against movement.
The machine is thus enabled rapidly to dress a stone along its surface up to a
delicate edge or head, and then, upon turning off the electric switch or steam
cut-off and throwing in the locking device, the delicate bead may be safely
dressed without a blow which latter might chip off the bead, and then, the bead
being passed, the blows may be continued again, all being done rapidly and con-
tinuously.
The distinguishing feature of my invention lies in a tool yieldingly mounted
upon a carrier having a forward and back and rising and falling movement laying
in a plane standing at an acute angle with the stone surface, to thereby cause a
succession of blows to be delivered upon the stone surface at an acute angle there-
with and substantially in and on the coincident line of said plane with the dressed
surface, so as to strike under portions of the stone and by lifting break off the
said stone surface in pieces, as distinguished from rolling a wheel upon the surface
to remove the stone by pure crushing or crumbling, and also distinguished from
blows delivered in a truly vertical plane which strike from the surface inwardly
and not from below the surface outwardly.
The method of feeding the tools to the work constitutes another important part
of my invention, for the blows of each series of tools, that is, the tools carried by
each of the arms c, c, are delivered in parallel straight lines, the stone and tools
having a relative feeding movement in the direction of a tangent to and in the
place of the path of revolution of the several tools, at the lowest point or level
of the said path of revolution, as distinguished from feeding movements at
right angles to said tangent, that is, in the direction of a plane passed through
the axis of the tools, and the points of contact of the same with the stone surface,
as in machines heretofore constructed, in which a wide path or swath is cut, made
up of eccentric circles or ares, and the feed is practically at right angles to the

page_text: main rolling contact of the tools, causing a transverse slip or attrition of the tool
on the stone, and necessitating a very slow feed.
My invention contemplates, in the first place, distinct and yielding blows; in
the second place, there is a rapid and not a slow feed of the stone, and this feed
is in the direction in which the blows are delivered; also, all the relative pro-
gressive movements or cycles of movements of the tools are in substantially one
plane oblique to the stone surface, and the line where this plane cuts the plane
of the finished stone surface is approximately the line in and along which all the
blows are given, and preferably there is but one tool of each head or carrier in
contact with the stone at one time.
The blows are delivered in this line and against the base of the unfinished
portion of the stone.
I depend upon blows, as such, distinguished from crumbling or crushing, to do
the work, and successfully avoid any ploughing, rolling, or crushing action with
all of its attendant and destructive attrition; also, I do not depend upon, but avoid
any downward pressure for dressing the stone, but rather depend upon causing
lateral and uplifting fractures by which the stone is rapidly chipped away along
straight lines.
My invention is not limited to the particular shape or construction of the various
tools, the carriers therefor, or the means or mechanism for operating and feeding
the same, herein shown and described, for it is evident my invention as herein.
set forth may be embodied in various forms or constructions without departing
from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. A machine for working stone or the like, containing a work support for the
stone, and working mechanism comprising one or more yielding tools, and means
to impart to the same a rapid combined forward and back and rising and falling
movement, all in a plane oblique to the stone surface to cause said tools to rapidly
and sharply strike the stone surface, the tool delivering one blow freeing itself
from the stone before the next blow is struck, whereby the stone is cracked off
by a rapid succession of sharp blows, and means to cause a relative feeding move-
ment of said work support and working mechanism in substantially the direction
of the forward movement of said tool or tools at the time of delivery of certain of
said blows, whereby a finished surface presenting parallel substantially straight
lines may be had, substantially as described.
2. A machine for working stone, or the like, containing a work support for the
stone, and working mechanism, comprising one or more yielding tools, means to
impart to said tools a rapid repetition of combined forward and back and falling
and rising movements all in one and the same plane obiique to the stone surface,
to cause the said tools to rapidly and sharply strike the stone surface, said
mechanism being arranged to deliver the impact of the blows substantially in
the plane of the finished surface and in the coincident line therewith of said
oblique plane, and means to cause a relative feeding movement of said work
support and working mechanism in the direction of sail coincident line, whereby
a finished surface presenting parallel substantially straight lines may be had,
substantially as described.
3. A machine for working stone, or the like, containing a work support for the
stone, one or more freely rotatable disc tools, means to revolve the same in an
oblique plane at an angle of twenty degrees or more to the stone surface, and to
cause said tools to sharply strike the stone at approximately their lowest point of
travel, said discs being peripherally bevelled to a wedge-shaped edge, the upper
surface of said edge at the moment of impact thereof being oblique to the stone
surface, and means to cause a relative feeding movement of said work support

page_text: and tools in the direction of the line of intersection of said plane of revolution and
the stone surface, substantially as described.
4. In a machine for working stone, or the like, a work support, one or more
rotatable tools and a carrier for and to move the said tool or tools to and from the
stone in a plane at an acute angle with the stone surface to thereby chip away
the stone surface, said tools being arranged to deliver a rapid succession of sharp
blows progressively approximately in and on the line of intersection of said plane
and the plane of the finished surface, and to instantly leave the surface after
striking the blow, and means to relatively reciprocate the said carrier and work
support in the direction of said line of intersection, whereby the said tool is
capable of acting upon and to remove the stone on the said relative movement in
either direction in said line, without necessary reversal of the angle of the piane
in which the said rotatable tool is moved to and from the stone, substantially as
described.
5. In a machine for working stone, or the like, a work support, one or more
rotatable tool carriers arranged at each of two opposite sides of said work support
one or more tools rotatably mounted on and to be revolved by the respective
carriers in planes at acute angles with the stone surface, whereby rotation of said
carriers causes the said tools to deliver a succession of blows upon the said stone
surface, and means to impart a relative feeding movement to the said work support
and carriers in substantially the direction in which the said blows are struck, and
means to move the said carriers one towards the other and inwardly from the edge
or edges of said work support, to operate, substantially as described.
6. In a machine for working stone, or the like, a work support, a plurality of
rotatable tool carriers arranged at or near opposite sides of the said work support,
tools rotatably mounted upon and to be revolved by rotation of said carriers in
planes at acute angles with the stone surface to thereby deliver a succession of
blows upon the latter, and means to impart a relative movement to the said work
support and carriers, in substantially the direction in which said blows are
delivered upon the stone surface, and connecting adjusting devices, between.
carriers at opposite sides said work support, whereby simultaneous adjustment
of the carriers so connected may be had to insure accuracy of product, substan-
tially as described.
7. In a machine for working stone, or the like, a rotatable tool carrier, and a
plurality of yielding disc tools rotatably mounted on said carrier and having their
working edges or perimeters lying in one and the same plane oblique to the stone
surface being worked, and arranged to deliver a succession of blows, substantially
as described.
S. In a machine for working stone, or the like, a work support, for the stone,
a vibrating carrier, a tool yieldingly mounted thereupon arranged to deliver a
succession of blows in a straight line in the direction of said vibration, meaus to
vibrate said carrier, and feeding mechanism to impart a relative feeding movement
to said support and carrier, in line with the direction in which the impacts of said
blows are delivered, substantially as described.
9. In a machine for working stone, or the like, a pivotally mounted carrier,
and means to reciprocally vibrate the same about its said pivot for dressing the
stone, combined with one or more tools loosely mounted upon and to be vibrated
by said carrier, said tools striking the stone in a rapid succession of short, sharp
blows, the dressing of the stone resulting solely from said blows, substantially as
described.
10. In a machine for working stone, or the like. a pivotally mounted carrier,
and means to rapidly vibrate the same about its said pivot for dressing the stone,
combined with a tool pivoted to and to be vibrated by said carrier, to strike a pro-
gressive series of rapid blows in the direction of said vibration, said tool having
also a rotative movement about its own pivot, substantially as described.
11. In a machine for working stone, or the like, a vibrating carrier, a tool
loosely mounted upon and to be vibrated by said carrier, and a retarding device

page_text: to move said tool on said carrier as the tool is vibrated past said device, said tool:
being vibrated adjacent to and to be engaged by said retarding device, substan-
tially as described.
12. In a machine for working stone, or the like, a carrier, a support in which
the same is mounted to vibrate at an acute angle with the stone surface, and one
or more tools loosely mounted upon the said carrier, and means to rapidly vibrate
said tools with a progressive movement relatively to the stone, thereby to deliver
a succession of blows following close upon each other across the stone upon the
said stone surface, substantially as described.
13. In a machine for working stone, or the like, a vibrating carrier, one or more
tools mounted thereupon, means to impart to the tools short, rapid vibrations in
a progressive series relatively to the stone, thereby to deliver a succession of blows
upon the stone surface, a support for the said carrier, and means for varying the
position of the axis of said carrier on and with relation to its support to vary the
angle at which the blows are delivered by the tool upon the stone surface, sub-
stantially as described.
14. In a machine for working stone, or the like, a vibrating mounted carrier,
a support for the same, one or more tools yieldingly mounted on said carrier, a
cylinder and its piston connected with and to vibrate said carrier, substantially
as described.
15. In a machine for working stone, or the like, a head, a carrier shaft journaled
therein, a carrier at one end of said shaft, and one or more tools yieldingly
mounted on said carrier, a crank at the opposite end of said shaft, and a cylinder
having its piston connected with and to vibrate said crank and its connected
carrier, substantially as described.
16. In a machine for working stone, or the like, a work support, a movable head
aranged to travel across said work support, and provided with a tool carrier, and
one or more tools mounted loosely thereupon to yield as they strike the stone,
combined with a motor upon and movable with said head and connected with and
to operate said tool carrier in a direction transverse to said travel, substantially
as described.
17. In a stone or the like dressing machine, a cylinder and a piston reciprocated
therein, a tool carrier, a tool freely rotatable therein, said tool having a smooth
bevelled edge, and connections between said piston and said carrier to vibrate the
latter, said tool being free to turn in contact with the stone, substantially as
described.
18. In a machine for working stone, or the like, a vibrating carrier, and one
or more tools mounted thereon, a support for said carrier, means to vibrate the
carrier, and means to lock the same against vibration, and a work support, sub-
stantially as described.
19. In a machine for working stone, or the like, the combination with a swing-
ing vibrating carrier, and a plurality of disc like tools rotatably mounted in the
same plane thereon, and means to actuate said tool carrier to deliver a rapid sue-
cession of blows, with impacts in one and the same straight line, of a work support.
and means to move the same relatively to said tool carrier, substantially as
described.
20. In a stone or the like dressing machine, the combination with a cylinder and a
piston reciprocated therein, of a tool carrier, a tool freely rotatable therein, said tool
having a smooth bevelled edge, and connections between said piston and said
carrier to vibrate the latter about its pivot, substantially as described.
21. In a machine for working stone, or the like, a work support, a tool carrier,
and means to impart a relative feeding movement thereto, combined with a tool
mounted upon said carrier and movable in an are substantially tangential to the
surface of the stone, and means rapidly to vibrate said carrier, to deliver a rapid
succession of blows each having its impact at said tangential point of meeting
the surface, substantially as described.
2. In a machine for working stone, or the like, a work support, a tool carrier,

page_text: a tool carried thereby, means to impart continuous feeding movement relatively
to said support and carrier, and means to impart at the same time to the latter a
rapid succession of short vibrations in the direction of said feeding movement, to
deliver thereby a series of rapid blows approximately in the plane of the dressed
surface of the stone, substantially as described.
23. The herein described method of dressing stone, or the like, consisting in
delivering against the stone surface a rapid succession of distinct blows, said
succession of blows being delivered in a plane oblique to the stone surface, and
each blow having its impact approximately in and along the line of intersection
of said plane and the plane of the finished surface, this line lying at the base of
the unfinished portion, to thereby utilize the natural tendency of the stone to
fracture laterally and upwardly on the lines of least resistance, or on the lines of
grain and rift, in fracturing away the surface of the stone in a series of chips,
substantially as described.
24. The herein described method of working stone, or the like, which consists
in delivering a succession of blows, first in one and then in an opposite direction
and in substantially the same line. substantially as described.
25. The herein described method of working stone, or the like, which consists
in delivering a succession of blows, some of which are in one and some in an
opposite direction, and all in substantially the same lines, substantially as
described.
26. The herein described method of working stone, or the like, which consists
in delivering a succession of rolling blows, some of which are in one and some in
an opposite direction, and all in substantially the same line, substantially as
described.
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56 Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.