Improvements in Type Writing Machines.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Oct., 1891-Accepted, 28th Nov., 1891
Improvements in Type Writing Machines.
We, EDWARD ELIJAH HORTON, Stenographer, residing at 13 Rose Avenue,
and ALBERT HORTON, Stenographer, residing at 316 Wellesley Street, in the
City of Toronto in the County of York, in the Province of Ontario, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to certain new and useful improvements on the type-
writing machine covered by Letters Patent of the United States, Numbers 285,265
and 286,824, dated respectively September 18th, 1883, and October 16th, 1883,
and granted to Edward Elijah Horton one of the inventors of the herein described
improvements on said machine.
As the construction and arrangement of the key levers, the pivotal connection for
the key levers, the swinging frame, the paper carriage, and the type-bars are fully
described in the aforesaid Letters Patent of the United States, we do not claim
anything thereon, and do not consider it necessary to enter into a detail description
thereof.
In the drawings :
Figure 1 is a transverse sectional elevation of a portion of a typewriting machine
showing the ink ribbon, ink ribbon mechanism, paper carriage and the relation of
the ink ribbon to the writing surface of the paper carriage.
Figure 2 is an elevation of the right hand side of a portion of a typewriting
machine, showing the end of the paper carriage, the carriage rails, means by which
the paper carriage is guided along the carriage rails, a side elevation of the ink
ribbon, mechanism for giving to the ink ribbon a lateral movement, and spring for
assisting the operation of the letter spacing mechanism.
Figure 3 is an elevation partly in section of the left hand side of a portion of
a typewriting machine, showing the left hand end of the paper carriage and paper
carriage moving mechanism, the letter spacing mechanism, endless gear for giving a
longitudinal movement to the ink ribbon, and mechanism for returning the paper
carriage to its starting point.
Figure 4 is an elevation of the rear end of a portion of a typewriting machine
showing the letter spacing mechanism, the bell, bell striker and trip.
Figure 5 is a front elevation of a portion of a typewriting machine showing the
carriage returning mechanism and the shunt by means of which the ink ribbon
winding gear is moved laterally on the spindle on which it is mounted.
Figure 6 is a sectional view of the ink ribbon reels and ink ribbon winding
gear.
Figure 7 is a plan view of a portion of the beds, to which are affixed the shoes
in which the type-bars are pivoted, showing the radial grooves in which are located
said shoes.
Figure 8 is a front elevation of a section of the type-bar bed shown in
Figure 7.
Figure 9 is an elevation of the left hand side of a portion of a typewriting
machine, showing the key-lever for throwing the letter spacing mechanism out of
gear, the key lever for raising the ink ribbon when it is desired to inspect that
portion of the writing covered by the ink ribbon, and one of the type-bars connected
to one of the character key-levers.
Figure 10 is a perspective view of the line spacing and carriage returning
mechanism.
Figure 11 is an enlarged view of the driving shaft and attachments.

page_text: Figure 12 18 a cross sectional view of the drum of one of the ink ribbon reels.
Like numerals of reference refer to like parts throughout the Specification and
drawings.
The frame of the machine consists of two side pieces 1, a front end piece 2, a
rear end piece 3, two standards 4 extending upwardly from each of the side pieces 1,
and a rectangular top piece 5 supported on the top of the standards 4.
6
The top piece 5 supports the bed plate on which are pivoted the type-bars 7.
The bed plate 6 consists, as shown in the drawings, of three bars 6ª, 6 and 6°,
each in the form of an arc and concentric with the others. In each of the bars
forming the bed plate 6 are radial grooves 8 in which are located the shoes 9. In
the shoes 9 are pivoted the type-bars 7 connected to the character key-levers 10
by means of connecting wires 11. The object of locating the shoes 9 within radial
grooves 8 in the bed plate 6, is two fold, first, to facilitate the alignment of the
type by preventing any lateral movement of the shoe when the pressure of the
retaining screw 9 is relaxed to admit of the shoe being moved longitudinally, and
second, to secure the shoe against any lateral displacement during the operation of
the machine. The bed plate 6 is preferably arranged at an angle to the
horizontal plane of the machine for the purpose of more completely bringing the
matter written within the range of vision of the operator.
Extending horizontally across the typewriting machine and to the front and
below the level of the paper carriage is a cross-bar 12 which is connected at either
end to the side bars 5* of the rectangular top piece 5. At or near the middle of
the cross bar 12 is a bracket 13 in which rests the ends of the spindle 16 carrying
the ink ribbon reels 14 and winding gear 15 and about which revolve said ink
ribbon reels and winding gear.
Each of the ink ribbon reels 14 consist of two side plates 14 and a drum 14
rigidly connecting said side plates together. One-half of the drum 14b is semi-
circular, whilst the remaining half is triangular shaped in cross section. Encircling
the triangular shaped part and a portion of the semi-circular shaped part of the
drum 14 is a flat spring 17 in the form of an arc so that said spring will bind the
ink ribbon 18 securely to the drum 14. The ends of the flat spring 17 when freed
from contact with the drum 14° close in toward each other and the object of the
triangular shaped portion of the drum 14b is to admit of an easy and rapid replace-
ment of the spring 17 on the drum 14b when attaching a new ink ribbon 18 to the
ink ribbon reels 14.
It will be noticed by reference to Figure 6 that the winding gear 15, is located
between the ink ribbon reels 14, and, consists of two gear wheels 15 and 15b
revolving on a sleeve 19 loosely journaled on a spindle 16. It will also be noticed
that though the gear wheels 15 and 15 revolve independently of cach other they
must of necessity move laterally together when shifted by the finger 25 of the
shunt on account of being connected by the laterally moving sleeve 19.
It might
here be stated that the end of the sleeve 19 projects beyond the gear wheels 15*
and 15 and that the projecting ends of said sleeve are flanged or upset for the
purpose of, preventing the separation of, and, causing said gear wheels 15ª and 15°
to move laterally together in the manner above described.
Each of the gear wheels 15" and 15b is coupled with its respective ink ribbon
reel 14 situated on its outer side face by a coupling pin 20 so that each of said
gear wheels and its respective ink ribbon reel will always revolve together.
Extending downwardly from the front and rear end bars 5 of the rectangular
top piece 5 is a lug or car 21 in which is journaled the paper carriage driving
shaft 22. The paper carriage driving shaft 22 it might here he stated extends
across the machine at right angles to the line of travel of the paper carriage. At
or near the middle of the driving shaft 22 and loosely journaled thereon is a
worm 23 which engages with the teeth of whichever of the gear wheels 15* or 15°
happens, at the time being, to be in action with it. Pivoted to the front side
face of the worm 23 is a dog 23" which engages with the teeth of the ratchet
wheel 32 rigidly journaled on the driving shaft 22 and revolving therewith, said

page_text: dog 23 being held in engagement with the teeth of the ratchet wheel 32 by the
pressure of a spring 23b, one end of which is connected to the front side face of the
worm 23 and the other end resting on the back of said dog. The engagement of
the dog 23 with the teeth of the ratchet wheel 32 causes the worm 23 to revolve
with the ratchet wheel 32 and driving shaft 22 when the paper carriage is advancing
during the operation of writing.
Rigidly secured to the rear side face of the worm 23 is a ratchet wheel 23' with
which engages a detent pawl 33 pivoted to the bracket 13. It might here be
stated that the teeth in the ratchet wheel 23 incline to the right, whilst the teeth
in the ratchet wheel 32 incline to the left. The object of the ratchet wheel 23"
and detent pawl 33 is to render the worm 23 motionless and prevent it operating
on the gear 15 during the return of the paper carriage to its starting position.
Pivoted in the lower part of the front lug 21 and in the bracket 13 is the
spindle 24 of the winding gear shunt. Projecting from or near the rear end of the
spindle 24 is a finger 25 for moving the winding gear wheels 15" and 15b laterally
along the spindle 16. By moving the gear wheels 15 and 15 laterally along the
spindle 16 it is possible to throw either one or other of said gear wheels into or out
of action with the worm 23 as desired in order to wind the ink ribbon 18 on either
one or other of the ink ribbon reels 14. On the front end of the spindle 24 of the
shunt is a crank 26, and for the purpose of holding the crank 26 in position is a
locking piece 27 so arianged that it can be swung upward to permit of the crank 26
passing from side to side of said locking piece and when down it is capable of
securely holding said crank rigidly in place. The finger 25, moving with the
crank 26, shifts the winding gear 15 along the spindle 16 and brings either of the
gear wheels 15 or 15 into or out of action with the worm 23 as required.
At or near the front end of the paper carriage driving shaft 22 is a pinion 28
which meshes with the rack 29. The rack 29 is provided with lugs 30 fitted with
eyes through which passes the rod 31 fixed to the framework of the machine.
The lugs 30 connect the rack 29 to the rod 31 and are so arranged as to slide
freely along said rod 31 during the forward or return travel of said rack.
Extending outwardly from the right hand end of the rack 29 is a stud on which
is pivoted the carriage returning lever 82, this lever 82 is so arranged that it can
be swung downward when necessary without interfering in any way with the
position of the rack 29 and without altering the relation of the rack 29 to the
pinion 28.
Supported on the top of the lugs 34 extending upwardly from the side bars 5ª of
the rectangular top piece 5 are the carriage rails 35 and 35 on which travels the
paper carriage. As the greater portion of the construction of the paper carriage
is not novel it is not necessary to enter into a detail description thereof.
arms 39.
Connected to the rear side bar 36 of the frame of the paper carriage are two
brackets 37 in each of which is pivoted a roller 38 to travel on the top of the
carriage rail 35. Extending downwardly from each of the brackets 37 are rigid
The arms 39 of each of the brackets 37 are located one on either side
of the rail 35, and pivoted to the lower extremity of each of these arms 39 is a
roller 40 said rollers 40 travelling on the rail 35 at an angle to its vertical axis.
The object of the rollers 38, rigid arms 39 and rollers 40 is to prevent any swaying
motion on the part of the paper carriage during the operation of writing and at
the same time to allow the paper carriage to travel thereon with the least possible
amount of friction.
Supporting the front part of the paper carriage are rollers 41 pivoted to the
front side bar 42 of the frame of the paper carriage. Pivoted to the rear side
bar 36 of the frame of the paper carriage is a bell trip 43 with a stop 44 to prevent
its swinging when operating the striker 45 of the bell 46. This trip is so arranged
as to operate the striker 45 during the forward travel of the paper carriage and
on the return to swing out of the way of said striker.
outwardly from the rear bar 5 of the rectangular
lugs 47 to the top of which is connected a bar 48.
Extending upwardly and
top piece 5 are L-shaped
Located on the bar 48 at or

page_text: .
near the right hand side of the machine is a movable buffer 49 securely held in
position by a set screw 50 for the purpose of stopping the return travel of the
paper carriage at any desired point. The bell 46 is connected to the lower end
of a downwardly extending arm 51 which forms part of the movable bracket 52
affixed to the bar 48 by means of a set screw 53. The movable bracket 52
and set screw 53 allow the bell 46 to be moved along the bar 48 to any desired
point and secured thereat so that at whatever point on said bar the bell 46 and
striker 45 are placed the operator will be notified of the near approach of the
end of the line of writing. The movable bracket 52 is provided with an arm 54
extending parallel with the length of the bar 48. At the right hand end of
the arm 54 is a stud 55 with which comes in contact the stud 56 extending
outwardly from and at right angles to the rear side bar 36 of the frame of the
paper carriage. The contact of these studs effectually stops the further advance
of the paper carriage.
The object of the combination of the trip 43 and bell 46 with the studs 55
and 56 is to notify the operator of the near approach of the end of the line of
writing and allow sufficient space after such notification to complete the word or
syllable being written, before the studs 55 and 56 come in contact with each other
and effectually stop the forward travel of the paper carriage. It might here be
stated that the stud 56 coming in contact with the buffer 49 is the means by which
the paper carriage is always stopped on the return to its starting point.
Rigidly fastened to the left hand end of the spindle 57 of the printing cylinder 58
is a ratchet wheel 59. This ratchet wheel is moved by a thrusting pawl 60 pivoted
to the top of an upwardly extending arm 61 forming part of the left hand end 62"
of the U-shaped lever 62. The U-shaped lever 62 extends along the inner side of
each of the end bars 36" and rear side bar 36 of the frame of the paper carriage,
and is pivoted at its front ends to the front ends of said end bars. The arm 61 is
provided with a stop 63 to engage with the teeth of the ratchet wheel 59 for the
purpose of limiting the revolution of the printing cylinder. Connected to the rear
side of the U-shaped lever 62 and to the top bar 59 of the framework of the
paper carriage is a coiled spring 59" for the purpose of raising said U-shaped
lever. To prevent the U-shaped lever 62 being raised too far by the coiled
spring 59 a stop pin 64 is fitted into one of the ends 62 of said lever so as to
come in contact with the adjacent end bar 36 of the frame work of the paper
carriage. To prevent the recoil of the ratchet wheel 59 a detent pawl 65 is
connected to the upper edge of the rear side bar 36 of the frame of the paper
carriage so as to be constantly in engagement with the teeth of said ratchet wheel.
The rear side 62 of the U-shaped lever 62 extends nearly the full length of the
rear side bar 36 of the frame of the paper carriage, and projecting over the top of
the U-shaped lever 62 is a hook 60 the lower end of which is pivoted to the
horizontal arm 67* of a bell crank lever 67. To the vertical arm 67% of the bell
crank lever 67 is pivoted one end of a link 68 whilst the opposite end of said link
is pivoted to the vertical arm 69* of the bell crank lever 69. Rigidly affixed to
the horizontal arm 69° of the bell crank lever 69 is the rock bar 70 which extends
from said end 69 of the bell crank lever 69 to the lug 71 pivoted to said frame
work at the right hand side of the machine. The rock bar 70 is rigidly affixed to
the lug 71 and through the lug 71 passes a pivot 72 securing it to the front
right hand standard 4. Securing the bell crank lever 69 to the lug 21 is a
pivot 73 and the distance between the pivot 73 and the rock bar 70 is the same
as the distance between the pivot 72 and the rock bar 70. By pressing down-
wardly on the carriage returning lever 82 which acts in this instance as the line
spacing lever, the rock bar 70 is forced inwardly and downwardly moving the
horizontal arm 69 of the bell crank lever 69 inwardly and downwardly and
consequently moving the vertical arm 69° of said bell crank lever outwardly and
upwardly drawing the link 68 with it. The outward and upward movement of the
link 68 causes the vertical arm 67b of the bell crank lever 67 to move with it
forcing the horizontal arm 67ª of said bell crank lever downward. The horizontal

page_text: arm 67* of the bell crank lever 67 in its downward movement draws downward
with it the hook 66, which hook pulls downward the rear side 62 of the U-shaped
lever 62. The rear side 62 of the U-shaped lever 62 in its downward travel moves
the arm 61 carrying the thrusting pawl 60 forward against the teeth of the ratchet
wheel 59 and turns said ratchet until its further revolution is prevented by the
stop 63 coming in contact with the teeth thereon. This construction turns the
printing cylinder the same distance each time the carriage returning and line
spacing lever 82 is pressed downward, thus causing the spaces between the lines of
writing to be of uniform width.
On the end of the paper carriage driving shaft 22 is rigidly fastened the ratchet
wheel 75. Extending downwardly from the rear end bar 5 of the rectangular top
piece 5 and on the left hand side of the ratchet wheel 75 is a lug 78 to which is
pivoted an L-shaped lever 77, the horizontal arm 77 of which has pivoted at or
near its end a thrusting pawl 78", which engages with the teeth on the ratchet
wheel 75. Extending downwardly from the rear side bar 5" of the rectangular top
piece 5, and to the right hand side of the ratchet wheel 75 is a lug 79 which
projects across the top of the thrusting pawl 78, and serves to limit the upward
movement of the said thrusting pawl 78, consequently arresting the revolution of
the ratchet wheel each time the thrusting pawl 78, rises against the lug 79. The
horizontal arm 77ª of the L-shaped lever 77 projects beyond the pivot of the
thrusting pawl 78*, and connected to the projection of the horizontal arm 77" is
one end of a spring 80 whilst the opposite end of said spring presses against the
thrusting pawl 78", and forces said thrusting pawl 78, into engagement with the
teeth on the ratchet wheel 75.
The object of the spring 80 is to force the thrusting pawl 78, toward the teeth
on the ratchet wheel 75, whilst the thrusting pawl is in its depressed position.
The lug 79 is fitted with an inclined face 81 the inclination of which is parallel to
the inclination of the nearest tooth on the ratchet wheel 75, and the distance between
the inclined face 81 of the lug 79 and the inclined face of the nearest tooth on said
ratchet wheel 75 is only sufficient to permit of the thrusting pawl 78, being readily
depressed to engage with the next tooth, in rotation, of the ratchet wheel 75. In
the rapid operation of the key levers of the machine, the thrusting pawl 78", is
sometimes depressed with such rapidity that the end of said thrusting pawl is not
sufficiently long in contact with the overhanging part of the lug 79 for the
revolution of the ratchet wheel 75 to be arrested by the teeth of the ratchet wheel
pressing against the inner side of the point of the pawl when the pawl is against
the lug 79. Whilst the point of the pawl 78, is passing downward along the face
of the tooth with which it is intended it shall next engage the tendency of the
ratchet wheel to continue its revolution, under the momentum which has been given
to it, would cause the pawl to swing backwards notwithstanding the resistance of:
any spring which it would be practicable to make use of for the purpose of forcing
said pawl towards the teeth of said ratchet wheel. The lug 79 is therefore provided
with the inclined face 81 so that while the point of the pawl is travelling downward
along the face of that tooth of the ratchet wheel with which it is intended it shall
next engage any tendency of the ratchet wheel to continue its revolution shall be
arrested through said tooth of the ratchet wheel pressing the end of the pawl against
said inclined face.
Pivoted to the L-shaped lever 77 at the juncture of the horizontal arm 77* and.
vertical arm 77 is the stop pawl 83 one end of which engages with the face
of the teeth on the ratchet wheel 75 whilst the thrusting pawl 78, is in its
depressed position, preventing the onward movement of said ratchet wheel 75.
The object of this stop pawl $3 is to prevent the onward movement of the
ratchet wheel 75 when the thrusting pawl 78*, is in its depressed position and ont
of engagement with the inclined face 81 of the lug 79 in the same manner that
the combination of the inclined face 81 and thrusting pawl 78ª, does when the
thrusting pawl 78, is passing downward between the inclined face 81 of the
lug.79 and the face of the adjacent tooth of the ratchet wheel. Extending from,

page_text: and at right angles to the stop pawl 83 is a stop pin 84 which rests on the top
of the horizontal arm 77 of the L-shaped lever 77 and arrests any downward
movement of the stop pawl 83 when attempting to move independently of the
L-shaped lever 77. Connected to the vertical arm 77 of the L-shaped lever 77
is one end of a spring 85 whilst the opposite end of said spring presses upon the
back face of the stop pawl 83 forcing said stop pawl toward the teeth of the
ratchet wheel 75 when the thrusting pawl 78 is in its depressed position. The stop
pawl 83 is provided with a horizontal arm 86 extending outwardly from the ratchet
wheel 75. From the horizontal arm 86 depends a hooked wire 87 operated by the
swinging frame 88 pivoted to the side pieces 1 of the frame work of the machine.
As the construction of the swinging frame 88 is common it is not necessary to enter
into a detailed description thereof.
To the top of the vertical arm 77b of the L-shaped lever 77 is connected one
end of a spring 89 whilst the opposite end of said spring is connected to a tension
screw 90 passing through an aperture in the L-shaped lug 47. The object of the
spring 89 is to return the L-shaped lever 77 to its normal or starting position after
having been depressed. Connected to the end of the horizontal arm 77 of the
L-shaped lever 77 is a hooked wire 91 which in its downward travel draws down-
ward the end of the horizontal arm 77", which carries with it the thrusting pawl 78*,
bringing said pawl into a position ready for engagement with the next tooth in the
rotation of the ratchet wheel 75, the spring 80 forcing said pawl into engagement
with the teeth on said ratchet wheel 75.
The spring 89 when returning the L-shaped lever 77 to its normal position,
raises the thrusting pawl 78", and thereby rotates the ratchet wheel 75 a distance,
of one tooth. As an alternative means for preventing the ratchet wheel 75 rotating
more than is required the thrusting pawl 78 may be made in the form of a V
having its open side towards the ratchet wheel and being so constructed and pivoted
as to have a rocking motion in the line of its arms 78 and 78. One of these
arms 78* serves to propel the ratchet wheel, whilst the other arm 78" acts as a stop
to prevent the ratchet wheel revolving more than the space of one tooth at a time
the movement of the pawl from tooth to tooth of the ratchet wheel being regulated
by the spring 80 forcing the arm against the teeth of the ratchet wheel 75. This
construction is shown partly in dotted lines in Figure 4. The rear end bar 5b of
the rectangular top piece 5 is provided with a downwardly extending lug 92 on the
right hand side of the downwardly extending lug 79. To the lug 92 is pivoted a
detent pawl 93 one end of which engages with the teeth on the ratchet wheel 75,
whilst to the opposite end is connected one end of the hooked wire 94 operated by
the swinging frame 88. The object of the detent pawl 93 is to prevent any return
movement on the part of the ratchet wheel 75 when freed from engagement with
the thrusting pawl 78.
By the depression of any one of the character key levers 10 the end of the
horizontal arm 77ª of the L-shaped lever 77 is drawn downwards by means of the
swinging frame 88 operating on the hooked wire 91, and the downward movement
of the horizontal arm 77" withdraws the thrusting pawl 78 from engagement with
the teeth on the ratchet wheel 75 and allows the spring 85 to force the stop pawl 83
towards the teeth on said ratchet wheel, the detent pawl 93 during this part of the
operation remains in engagement with the teeth and prevents any return movement
on the part of said ratchet wheel. To free the ratchet wheel 75 from engagement
with all the pawls the releasing key lever 96 is depressed forcing downward the
swinging frame 88 a sufficient distance to engage with and draw downwards the
hooked wire 94 operating the detent pawl 93, the hooked wire 87 operating the stop
pawl 83 and the hooked wire 91 operating the horizontal arm 77 of the L-shaped
lever 77, thus withdrawing the pawls 93, 83 and 78 from engagement with said
ratchet wheel 75. To prevent the thrusting pawl 78 falling too far forward when
depressed by the swinging frame 88 operated by the key releasing lever 96, a stop 97
is fitted into the end of the horizontal arm 77ª, in front of the thrusting pawl 78 so as
to arrest any forward movement of said pawl. It might here be stated that the

page_text: lower ends of the hooked wires 87 and 94 are below the level of the lower end of
the hooked wire 91, so that whilst any one of the character key levers 10 or letter
spacing lever can force downward the swinging frame 88 and operate the hooked
wire 91 such downward movement of said frame will have no effect whatever on
the hooked wires 87 and 94, and the hooked wires 87 and 94 will only be operated
by the swinging frame 88 when forced downward by the action of the releasing key
lever 96.
Connected to the lower end of lugs 98 depending from the end bars of the paper
carriage is a rack 99 the pitch of the teeth of which is equal to the space alloted
to each character. This rack meshes with the pinion 100 mounted on the carriage
driving shaft 22 vertically below said rack, the number of teeth on the pinion 100
corresponding to the number of the teeth on the ratchet wheel 75.
Connected to the right hand side of the frame work 1, and to the driving shaft 22
a spring 101 for the purpose of assisting the letter spacing mechanism in effecting
the advance movement of the paper carriage, mechanism 101 being provided for
adjusting the tension of said spring, as shown in the drawings.
Extending transversely across the machine and pivoted in the side piece 1 is a
rock shaft 102 and projecting from this rock shaft at or near its right hand end is
an arm 103 to which is attached the lower end of a wire 104 whilst the upper end
of said wire is connected to an arm 105 projecting from a counter rock shaft 106.
At the left hand end of the rock shaft 102 is an arm 107 to which is connected a
wire 108 attached to the ink ribbon key lever 109.
Extending from the upper side of the counter rock shaft 106 is an arm 110 fitted
at its upper end with a guide 111 for the ink ribbon 18. By pressing downward
the ink ribbon key lever 109 the arm 107 is swung downward and in its downward
movement turns the rock shaft 102 in its bearings and causes corresponding
movement on the part of the arm 103. The downward movement of the arm 103
causes the wire 104 to draw downward the arm 105 thus turning the counter rock
shaft 106 in its bearings and lifting the arm 110, guide 111, and ink ribbon 18 away
from the writing surface of the printing cylinder 58 so as to admit of the operator
inspecting as many of the characters written as may be covered by the ink
ribbon 18. To take up the slack from the ink ribbon 18 when passing from one
reel to the other through the guide 111 a V-shaped wire 112 is placed across the top
of the reels 14 and winding gear 15, and is connected by depending extensions 113
to the spindle 16. The ink ribbon passes from the reel 14 over the V-shaped
wire 112, through the guide 111, back again over the V-shaped wire on the opposite
side of said V and onto the opposite reel 14.
Encircling the counter rock shaft 106 is a ring 114 prevented from moving
laterally on said shaft by means of stops located one on either side. Extending
downwardly from said ring is a projection 115 which travels in a cam groove 116
in the cam 117 journaled on the stud 118 extending horizontally from a bracket 119.
The travel of the projection 115 in the cam groove 116 gives a longitudinally
reciprocating movement to the counter rock shaft 106, and the object of this
movement is to cause the ink ribbon to have a laterally reciprocating movement
as well as the before described longitudinal reciprocating movement, so that the
whole surface of the ribbon will be used evenly.
Rigidly affixed to the side face of the cam 117 is a ratchet wheel 118*, rotated
by a thrusting pawl 119 operated by the swinging frame 88 each time said
swinging frame rises after being depressed by any one of the key levers. The
releasing key lever 96 is fitted with a bracket 120 which extends across the top
of the ink ribbon key lever 109 so that when the releasing key lever 96 is
depressed it will also depress the ink ribbon key lever 109 and lift the guide 111
and ink ribbon 18 away from the writing surface of the printing cylinder 58. The
object of lifting the ink ribbon away from the writing surface of the printing
cylinder when returning the carriage to its normal or starting point is to enable the
operator to examine the line of writing during the return of the carriage and make
any alteration or correction deemed necessary or to raise the ink ribbon 18 so as to

page_text: set the printing cylinder of the paper carriage at any point at which it is found
necessary to make an alteration or correction.
Between the writing surface 58" and the ends of the printing cylinder 58" are
bands of soft rubber for the purpose of more effectually gripping the paper and
carrying it forward with the revolution of the printing cylinder and also for the
purpose of preventing the paper shifting more than the required distance when the
printing cylinder is caused to revolve for the purpose of carrying the paper upwards
a line space. Pressing the paper against the bands are pressure rollers 58° depending
from the top bar of the frame work of the paper carriage, said pressure rollers also
being covered with soft rubber.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :
1. The general combination and arrangement of parts constituting a typewriting
machine, substantially as herein shown and described.
2. In a typewriting machine the combination of a toothed rack, a carriage
returning lever connected to said rack, a carriage driving shaft, a pinion wheel
mounted on the carriage driving shaft, the teeth of which mesh with said toothed
rack, the paper carriage, and means for simultaneously returning the paper carriage
with the return of the carriage returning lever, substantially as herein before
described.
3. In a typewriting machine the combination of a toothed rack, a carriage
returning lever connected to said rack, the carriage driving shaft, a pinion wheel
mounted on the carriage driving shaft meshing with said rack, a second pinion
wheel mounted on the carriage driving shaft, the paper carriage, a second toothed
rack connected to the paper carriage meshing with said second pinion wheel, the
paper carriage suitably mounted on the carriage rails and moved on its ways by
means of the engagement of said second toothed rack with said second pinion wheel,
substantially as herein before described.
4. In a typewriting machine the combination of a pivoted line spacing lever
with a rock bar and the line spacing mechanism, substantially as herein before
described.
5. In a typewriting machine the combination of a paper carriage with a toothed
rack, a carriage returning lever pivotally connected thereto, a carriage driving
shaft, a pinion wheel mounted on the carriage driving shaft and in engagement
with said rack, a rock bar in combination with means substantially as described for
operating the line spacing mechanism, said carriage returning lever capable of being
depressed without interfering with the relation of the rack to said toothed pinion,
substantially as herein before described.
6. In a typewriting machine the combination of a pivoted line spacing handle
with a rocking bar, a bell crank lever one end of which is connected to said rock
bar, a link connected to the other end of said bell crank lever, a second bell crank
lever one end of which is connected to said link, a line spacing lever connected to
the other end of said second bell crank lever, a pawl operated by said line
spacing lever, a line spacing ratchet wheel operated by said pawl, and the printing
surface of the paper carriage moved in conjunction with said line spacing ratchet
wheel, substantially as herein before described.
7. In a typewriting machine the combination of the paper carriage with a
U-shaped line spacing lever pivoted thereto, an arm normally upstanding from said
U-shaped lever, a thrusting pawl pivoted to the upper end of said arm, a printing
cylinder, a line spacing ratchet wheel affixed to the end of said printing cylinder,
said ratchet wheel moved by said thrusting pawl, and said U-shaped lever having
capability of being operated by the combination of the rock bar and line spacing
lever at any point during the travel of the paper carriage on its ways, substantially
as herein before described.
8. In a typewriting machine the combination of the carriage driving mechanism

page_text: with a key lever by means of which the carriage driving mechanism is thrown out
its
of engagement to allow of the paper carriage being moved freely on ways,
substantially as herein before described.
9. In a typewriting machine the combination with the carriage driving shaft of a
pinion wheel mounted thereon, the paper carriage, a toothed rack connected to the
paper carriage and meshing with the teeth on said pinion wheel, a ratchet wheel
mounted, on said carriage driving shaft, a thrusting pawl to rotate said ratchet
wheel pivoted to the end of one arm of an L-shaped lever, a spring connected to
the end of the other arm and to some convenient portion of the frame work of the
machine, a lug depending from the frame work of the machine to limit the rotation
of the ratchet wheel, the swinging frame, the L-shaped lever and thrusting pawl
operated by said swinging frame when depressed by the key levers, and returned
to its normal position when freed from the depression of said key levers, substantially
as herein before described.
10. In a typewriting machine the combination of the carriage driving shaft, a
pinion wheel mounted thereon, the paper carriage, a toothed rack connected, to the
paper carriage and meshing with said pinion wheel, a ratchet wheel mounted on
said carriage driving shaft, a thrusting pawl to rotate said ratchet wheel, said
thrusting pawl pivoted to the end of one of the arms of an L-shaped lever, a stop
pawl pivoted to said L-shaped lever to engage with said ratchet wheel and prevent
the rotary movement of said ratchet wheel when said thrusting pawl is in its
depressed position, a spring connected to the end of the other arm of the L-shaped
lever and to some convenient portion of the frame work of the machine, imeans for
depressing said thrusting pawl and causing it to rotate said ratchet wheel, the
rotation of said ratchet wheel causing the paper carriage to travel on its ways,
substantially as herein before described.
11. In a typewriting machine, the combination with the carriage driving shaft, of
a pinion wheel mounted thereon, the paper carriage, a toothed, rack connected to
the paper carriage and meshing with said pinion wheel, a ratchet wheel mounted
on said driving shaft, a thrusting pawl to rotate said ratchet wheel, said thrusting
pawl pivoted to a lever, a lug depending from the frame work of the machine, said
lug fitted with an inclined face parallel with the rear face of the adjacent tooth of
the ratchet wheel, said inclined face engaging with the rear face of said thrusting
pawl for the purpose of preventing the rotation of the ratchet wheel, whilst said
thrusting pawl is being drawn downward along the said rear face of the tooth with
which it is in contact and means for operating the thrusting pawl to give to said
ratchet wheel a rotating movement, substantially as described.
12. In a typewriting machine the combination with the carriage driving shaft,
of a pinion wheel mounted thereon, the paper carriage, a toothed rack connected
to the paper carriage and meshing with said, pinion wheel, a ratchet wheel mounted
on said carriage driving shaft, a thrusting pawl to rotate said ratchet wheel, said
thrusting pawl pivoted to the end of one of the arms of an L-shaped lever, a lug
depending from the frame work of the machine, said lug fitted with an inclined
face parallel with the rear face of the adjacent tooth of the ratchet wheel, said
inclined face engaging with the rear face of said thrusting pawl for the purpose of
preventing the rotation of the ratchet wheel whilst the end of the thrusting pawl
is, being drawn, downward along the said rear face of the tooth with which it is
in contact, means for operating the thrusting pawl to give to said ratchet wheel
a rotating movement, a stop pawl pivoted to said L-shaped lever to engage with
said ratchet wheel and prevent the rotary movement of said ratchet wheel when
said thrusting pawl is in its depressed position, a spring connected to the end of
the other arm of the L-shaped lever and to some convenient, portion of the frame
work of the machine, means for depressing said thrusting pawl and causing it to
rotate said ratchet wheel, the rotation of said ratchet wheel causing the paper
carriage, to move onward on its ways, substantially as herein before described.
13. In a typewriting machine the combination with the carriage driving shaft of
a pinion wheel mounted thereon, the paper carriage, a toothed rack connected to

page_text: the paper carriage and meshing with the teeth of said pinion wheel, a ratchet wheel
mounted on said carriage driving shaft, a thrusting pawl for rotating said ratchet
wheel, said thrusting pawl pivoted to the end of one of the arms of a lever, a
stop pawl pivoted to said lever for the purpose of stopping the rotating movement
of the ratchet wheel when said thrusting pawl is in its depressed position, said stop
pawl fitted with an arm to which is connected a depending hooked wire for engage-
ment with the swinging frame when said swinging frame is depressed, a detent pawl
pivoted to the frame of said machine, one end of which engages with the teeth of
said ratchet wheel and prevents the return movement of said ratchet wheel when
freed from engagement with said thrusting pawl, a hooked wire connected to the
other end of said detent pawl to engage with said swinging frame when depressed,
a hooked wire to engage with said swinging frame and depress said thrusting pawl,
a key lever to depress said swinging frame and throw said pawls out of engagement
with said ratchet wheel and permit the paper carriage to freely travel on its ways,
substantially as herein before described.
14. In a typewriting machine the combination of the carriage driving shaft, of a
pinion wheel mounted thereon, the paper carriage, a toothed rack connected to the
paper carriage and meshing with the teeth of said pinion wheel, a ratchet wheel
mounted on said carriage driving shaft, a thrusting pawl pivoted to the end of one
of the arms of an L-shaped lever and engaging with the teeth on said ratchet wheel,
a stop to arrest the inward movement of said thrusting pawl when in its depressed
position, a lug depending from the frame work of the machine and provided with an
inclined face to engage with the rear face of said thrusting pawl to arrest the
rotating movement of said ratchet wheel, a spring connected to the other arm of
said L-shaped lever and to some convenient part of the frame work of the machine,
said thrusting pawl connected to and operated by means of the swinging frame when
depressed by the key levers and allowed to return after such depression, substantially
as herein before described.
15. In a typewriting machine the combination with the carriage driving shaft of
a pinion wheel mounted thereon, the paper carriage, and a toothed rack connected
to the paper carriage and meshing with the teeth on said pinion wheel, a ratchet
wheel mounted on said carriage driving shaft, a thrusting pawl pivoted to the end
of one of the arms of an L-shaped lever and engaging with the teeth on said ratchet
wheel, a stop pawl pivoted to said L-shaped lever engaging with the rear face of
the teeth on said ratchet wheel to arrest the rotating movement of said ratchet
wheel when freed from engagement with said thrusting pawl, a spring connected to
the end of the other arm of said L-shaped lever and to some convenient part of the
frame work of the machine, a stop to arrest the inward movement of said thrusting
pawl when in its depressed position, a stop to limit the downward movement of the
stop pawl, a lug depending from the frame work of the machine and fitted with an
inclined face to engage with the rear face of the thrusting pawl, a detent pawl
pivoted to the frame work of said machine one end of which engages with the
ratchet teeth to prevent the return movement of said ratchet wheel when freed from
engagement with said thrusting pawl, a hooked wire connected to the other end of
said detent pawl and engaging with the swinging frame when in a depressed position,
a hooked wire connected to one arm of the L-shaped lever and engaging with said
swinging frame when depressed, an arm fitted to said stop pawl, a hooked wire
connected to said arm and engaging with said swinging fraine when depressed, a
key lever to depress said swinging frame to throw all of said pawls out of
engagement with said ratchet wheel and permit the paper carriage to be freely
moved on its ways, substantially as herein before described.
16. In a typewriting machine the combination with the carriage driving shaft of
a pinion wheel mounted thereon, the paper carriage, a toothed rack connected to
said paper carriage and meshing with the teeth on said pinion wheel, a ratchet
wheel mounted on said carriage driving shaft, a thrusting pawl connected to the end
of a lever for the purpose of rotating said ratchet wheel, said thrusting pawl
operated by the fall and rise of the swinging frame, a spring one end of which is

page_text: connected to the frame work of the machine and the other end to the carriage
driving shaft for the purpose of assisting the forward rotation of said carriage
driving shaft, substantially as herein before described.
17. In a typewriting machine the combination with the paper carriage of a bell
trip pivoted thereto, a bell and striker movably connected to the frame work of the
machine and so located that the striker will be operated by said bell trip, substan-
tially as herein before described.
18. In a typewriting machine the combination of a paper carriage with a bell
trip pivoted to the frame work thereof, a bell striker and bell movably connected
to the frame work of the machine, a stop forming part of the bracket connecting
said bell to the frame werk, a stop projecting from the frame work of the paper
carriage to engage with the aforesaid stop and effectually arrest the advance
movement of the paper carriage, substantially as herein before described.
19. In a typewriting machine the combination with the paper carriage of a series
of rollers pivoted to the frame work thereof and travelling along the upper side of
the carriage rails, rigid arms depending from the frame work of said paper carriage
having pivoted to their lower extremity rollers to travel along one of said carriage
rails and arranged at an angle to the vertical axis thereof, substantially as herein
before described.
20. In a typewriting machine the combination of the paper carriage, of a U-shaped
line spacing lever pivoted thereto, an arm normally upstanding from said U-shaped
lever, a pawl fitted to the upper end of said upstanding arm, the printing cylinder,
a line spacing ratchet wheel secured to said printing cylinder, said printing
cylinder and ratchet wheel rotated by the engagement with said thrusting pawl,
and stops to limit respectively the forward and recoil movement of the thrusting
pawl, a spring attached to said U-shaped line spacing lever and to the top bar
of the frame work of the paper carriage said U-shaped frame operated by the
line spacing lever, rock bar and connecting mechanism, substantially as herein before
described.
21. In a typewriting machine the combination with the paper carriage of a
printing cylinder mounted in the frame work thereof, bands of soft rubber or like
material encircling the ends of said printing cylinder, pressure rollers covered with
soft rubber or like material travelling on said bands, said pressure rollers connected
to the frame work of the paper carriage, substantially as hereinbefore described.
22. In a typewriting machine the combination with the paper carriage of a
writing surface mounted in the frame work thereof, the ink ribbon, a guide through
which the ink ribbon passes, and means for raising said ink ribbon from the
writing surface of the printing cylinder substantially as herein before described.
23. In a typewriting machine the combination with the paper carriage of a
writing surface mounted in the frame work thereof, an ink ribbon, a guide through
which the ink ribbon passes, an arm to one end of which is connected said guide, a
rock shaft pivoted in suitable bearings to which is connected the other end of said
arm, a key lever for partially turning said rock shaft in its bearings for the purpose
of raising said ink ribbon away from said writing surface to inspect the characters
hidden by said ink ribbon, substantially as herein before described.
21. In a typewriting machine the combination with the paper carriage of a
writing surface mounted in the frame work thereof, the ink ribbon, a guide through
which the ink ribbon passes, a counter rock shaft to which said guide is connected
said rock shaft pivoted in suitable bearings connected to the frame work of the
machine, an arm extending outwardly from said counter rock shaft, a connecting
wire attached to one end of said arm, a rock shaft pivoted in suitable bearings
connected to the frame work of the machine, an arm extending outwardly from
said rock shaft to which arm is connected the other end of said connecting wire, a
key lever connected to said rock shaft for the purpose of partially turning said rock
shaft and counter rock shaft in their bearings to raise the ink ribbon from the
writing surface to inspect the characters hidden by said ink ribbon, substantially as
herein before described.

page_text: 11
25. In a typewriting machine the combination with the paper carriage, of the
mechanism for causing the paper carriage to travel on its ways, a key lever for
throwing the carriage moving mechanism out of engagement when depressed which
will also depress the key lever for lifting the ink ribbon away from said writing
surface and simultaneously throw the carriage moving mechanism out of engage-
ment and lift the ink ribbon away from said printing surface, substantially as
herein before described.
26. In a typewriting machine in combination with the writing surface of the
paper carriage, ink ribbon reels mounted on a spindle supported in suitable hearings
the ink ribbon wound on said reels, gear for winding the ink ribbon alternately
first on one reel and then on the other, the carriage driving shaft, mechanism for
giving to the carriage driving shaft a rotary motion, a worm mounted on said
carriage driving shaft meshing with the teeth on the gear for driving the ribbon
reels, substantially as herein before described.
27. In a typewriting machine in combination with the writing surface of the
paper carriage, the ink ribbon, reels on which the ink ribbon is wound mounted on
a spindle resting in suitable bearings, gear for alternately winding the ink ribbon
first on one réel and then on the other, the carriage driving shaft, mechanism for
giving to the carriage driving shaft a rotary movement, a worm loosely mounted on
said carriage driving shaft, a dog pivoted to one of the side faces of said worm, a
ratchet wheel rigidly mounted on said driving shaft with the teeth of which
engages said dog, a ratchet wheel rigidly affixed to the opposite side face of said
worm with which engages a detent pawl pivoted to the frame work of the machine,
substantially as herein before described.
28. In a typewriting machine in combination with the writing surface of the paper
carriage, the ink ribbon, reels on which the ink ribbon is wound suitably mounted
on a spindle resting in suitable bearings and mechanism for giving a laterally
reciprocating movement to said ink ribbon, substantially as herein before described.
29. In a typewriting machine in combination with the writing surface of the
paper carriage, ink ribbon reels loosely mounted on a spindle resting in suitable
bearings the ink ribbon wound on said reels, two gear wheels loosely mounted on a
sleeve laterally moveable on said spindle, each gear wheel connected to and
revolving with the ink ribbon reel situated on its outer side face and independently
of each other, the carriage driving shaft mechanism for giving to the carriage
driving shaft a rotary movement, a worm loosely mounted on said driving shaft
engaging with the gear mounted on said sleeve, a dog pivoted to one of the side
faces of said worm, a ratchet wheel rigidly mounted on said driving shaft with the
teeth of which engages said dog, a ratchet wheel affixed to the opposite side face
of said worm and a detent pawl connected to the frame work of the machine
engaging with the teeth of said second ratchet wheel, substantially as herein
before described.
11
30. In a typewriting machine in combination with the writing surface of the
paper carriage, ink ribbon reels loosely mounted on a spindle resting in suitable
bearings, the ink ribbon wound on said reels, two gear wheels loosely mounted on a
sleeve laterally movable on said spindle, each gear wheel connected to and revolving
with the ink ribbon reel situated on its outer side face and each independently of
the other, the carriage driving shaft, mechanism for giving to the carriage driving
shaft a rotary movement, a worm loosely mounted on said driving shaft engaging
with the gear mounted on said sleeve, a dog pivoted to one of the side faces of said
worm, a ratchet wheel rigidly mounted on said driving shaft with the teeth of which
engages said dog, a ratchet wheel affixed to the opposite side face of said' worm and
a detent pawl connected to the frame work of the machine engaging with the teeth
of said second ratchet wheel, a spindle resting in suitable bearings formed in the
frame work of the machine and fitted on its inner end with a finger for moving said
gear laterally along said spindle and provided on its outer end with means for
turning said spindle in its bearings and means for locking said spindle in its turned
position, substantially as herein before described.

page_text: 31. In a typewriting machine in combination with the printing surface of the
paper carriage, ink ribbon reels loosely mounted on a spindle resting in suitable
bearings, the ink ribbon wound on said reels, two gear wheels loosely mounted on a
sleeve laterally moveable on said spindle, each gear wheel connected to and
revolving with the ink ribbon reel situated on its outer side face and independently
of each other, the carriage driving shaft, mechanism for giving to the carriage
driving shaft a rotary movement, a worm loosely mounted on said driving shaft
engaging with the gear mounted on said sleeve, a dog pivoted to one of the side
faces of said worm, a ratchet wheel rigidly mounted on said driving shaft with the
teeth of which engages said dog, a ratchet wheel affixed to the opposite side face
of said worm and a detént pawl connected to the frame work of the machine
engaging with the teeth of said second ratchet wheel, a guide through which said
ink ribbon passes, said guide connected to the end of an arm, a counter rock shaft
resting in suitable bearings, the end of said arm connected to said counter rock
shaft, said counter rock shaft fitted with an arm to which is attached one end of a
connecting wire, whilst the opposite end of said connecting wire is attached to the
end of an arm projecting from a rock shaft resting in suitable bearings and operated
by one of the key levers, a cam mounted on a spindle connected to the frame of the
machine, a ratchet wheel secured to one of the side faces of said worm, a thrusting
pawl engaging with the teeth on said ratchet wheel, said thrusting pawl connected
to and operated by the fall and rise of the swinging frame, a projection connected
to the counter rock shaft engaging with a groove in said cam, the groove in said
cam giving to said counter rock shaft a longitudinal reciprocating movement which
movement transmits a lateral reciprocating movement to the ink ribbon, substantially
as herein before described.
32. In a typewriting machine in combination with the printing surface of the
paper carriage, ink ribbon recls loosely mounted on a spindle resting in suitable
bearings, the ink ribbon wound on said reels, two gear wheels loosely mounted on a
sleeve laterally movable on said spindle, each gear wheel connected to and revolving
with the ink ribbon reel situated on its outer side face and independently of each
other, the carriage driving shaft, mechanisin for giving to the carriage driving
shaft a rotary movement, a worn loosely mounted on said driving shaft engaging
with the gear mounted on said sleeve, a dog pivoted to one of the side faces of said
worm, a ratchet wheel rigidly mounted on said driving shaft with the teeth of
which engages said dog, a ratchet wheel affixed to the opposite side face of said
worm and a detent pawl connected to the frame work of the machine engaging
with the teeth of said second ratchet wheel, a guide through which said ink ribbon
passes, said guide connected to the end of an arm, a counter rock shaft resting in
suitable bearings, the end of said arm connected to said counter rock shaft, said
counter rock shaft fitted with an arm to which is attached one end of a connecting
wire, whilst the opposite end of said connecting wire is attached to the end of an
arm projecting from a rock shaft resting in suitable bearings and operated by one
of the key levers, a cam mounted on a suitable spindle connected to the frame work
of the machine, a ratchet wheel secured to one of the side faces of said worm, a
thrusting pawl engaging with the teeth on said ratchet wheel, said thrusting pawl
connected to and operated by the fall and rise of the swinging frame, a ratchet
wheel affixed to the opposite side face of said cam, a detent pawl working in said
ratchet wheel to prevent any return motion of the part of said cam, a projection
connected to the counter rock shaft engaging with a groove in said cam, the groove
in said cam giving to said counter rock shaft a longitudinal reciprocating movement,
which movement transmits a. lateral reciprocating movement to the ink ribbon, sub-
stantially as herein before described.
33. In a typewriting machine a bed plate for the type bars having formed
therein a series of radial grooves in which are located shoes, in which shoes are
pivoted the type bars, said radial grooves so arranged as to facilitate the alignment
of the type by preventing any lateral movement of the shoes when the pressure of
the retaining screw is relaxed to admit of the shoe being moved longitudinally, and

page_text: also to secure the shoe against any lateral displacement in the operation of the
machine, substantially as herein before.described.
34. In a typewriting machine a bed plate for the type bars having formed therein
a series of radial grooves in which are located the shoes, in which shoes are pivoted
the type bars, said radial grooves so arranged as to facilitate the alignment.of.the
-type by preventing any lateral movement of the shoes when the pressure of the
retaining screw is relaxed to admit of the shoe being moved longitudinally and also
to secure the shoe against any lateral displacement in the operation of the machine
in combination with the key levers and connecting wires for connecting the type
bar to the key levers, substantially as herein before described.
35. In a typewriting machine in combination with the writing surface of the
paper carriage, a bed plate for the type bars, said bed plate arranged at an angle
to the horizontal plane of the machine, a series of radial grooves formed in said
bed plate, shoes located within said grooves, type bars pivoted in said shoes and
counected by means of connecting wires to the key levers said grooves so arranged
as to prevent any lateral displacement of said shoes, substantially as herein before
described.
36. In a typewriting machine in combination with the writing surface of the
paper carriage, a bed plate for the type bars arranged at an angle to the horizontal
plane of the machine, a series of radial grooves formed in the upper side of said
bed plate, shoes located within said radial grooves, type bars pivoted in said shoes,
said radial grooves so arranged as to secure said shoes against any lateral displace-
ment, and said type bars connected to the key levers by means of connecting wires
the writing surface, the bed plate and type bars so arranged as to render visible to
the eye of the operator the matter written by the machine, substantially as herein
before described.
37. In a typewriting machine an ink ribbon reel consisting of two side plates, of
a drum connecting said side plates together, one section of the drum semi-circular
and the remaining section triangular shaped in cross section, and a retaining spring
fitting on the triangular shaped portion and binding the ribbon to the drum, sub-
stantially as herein before described.
Dated this 20th day of October 1891..
WHITE & WOODINGTON,
27, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents.