Improvements in Electric-aro-lamps.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Jan., 1893
Compléte Specification Left, 13th Oct., 1893-Accepted, 16th Dec., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Electric-aro-lamps.
I, EUGENE CONRADY of Keighley. Model Works, Keighley in the County of
York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows,
that is to say :-
It relates to improvements in the formation, arrangement and combination of
parts or means for regulating, adjusting and operating the carbons of electric-arc-
lamps whereby said carbons are automatically regulated, adjusted or operated so as
to maintain the arc in, or as nearly as possible to a normal condition.
In accordance with my invention I make use of an arrangement of differential or
compound levers which are to be operated by the core of a solenoid or the
armature of an electro-magnet for regulating, as by lowering or raising, the carbon
or carbons of an arc lamp as the condition of the arc thereof from time to time
requires.
One of these levers, which may be styled the primary lever, is mounted upon
the other or supplementary lever, this latter being pivoted upon any suitable
part of the lamp's framework. The pivotal mounting of the supplementary lever
is arranged by an appropriately formed slot being made therein or in its bearings
or by the employment of additional link connections, so that in addition to its
usual freedom to oscillate about its pivotal pin said lever may move laterally
(for the purpose hereinafter described) while its extending arm is made to
encircle the carbon-holder or a separate tube attachment, in order that the same
may be gripped and held between a projecting piece on the primary lever and
the suitably formed interior edge of the encircling part of the supplementary
lever. This projecting piece is formed on the primary lever in a suitable position
relatively with the fulcrum of said lever so that as its other extending arm is
moved by the core of the solenoid, to which it is coupled in the usual manner;
Buch movement, if in one direction, firstly causes the levers to grip the part
passing between them and then to move same by both levers acting as one with
the pivotal pin of the supplementary lever as a fulcrum, while if in the other
direction then these levers release same; and by these levers being thus formed to
act, the extending arm of the primary lever may be considerably prolonged in
order to gain leverage so that little power is required for effecting their
movements.
'
To prevent the carbon or carbons from approaching or receding from each other
too quickly on being gripped or on being released from the grip of said levers, I
employ a tube, which may be arranged to form the carbon-holder (in which case
said carbon-holder is the part gripped by the levers) or which may be attached to a
cross-piece on which said carbon-holder is mounted (this latter arrangement being
preferred, since by the extremities of this cross piece being made to slide upon the
vertical rods forming the lamp's framework it answers the purposes of a guide
for the carbon) and in this tube I arrange a piston suspended by a rigid con-
necting rod from the upper part of the lamp's framework, to operate against the
retarding effects of a viscous substance, as glycerine, oil or the like, contained by
Baid tube.
In connection with lamps of the non-focussing type, I preferably arrange the
upper carbon to be the moveable one, I also preferably electrically insulate this
upper carbon in order to keep the temperature of the upper and motor parts of the
lamp as low as possible since it is well known that most electrically insulating
materials are also bad conductors of heat. In this style of lamp the cross-piece
carrying the retarding tube and the carbon holder as herein before described may

page_text: also be advantageously employed, inasmuch as by. an additional attachment to the
upper part of the retarding tube to act as a side-support or guiding-piece the
movements of the sliding parts are considerably relieved of friction that would
otherwise be produced had guiding surfaces to be employed which were a less
distance apart and for this same reason the pivotal mounting of the supplementary
lever is arranged to allow same to have a slight lateral motion so that the gripping
parts of both levers and all the parts moved by them may travel in a straight line,
while by the carbon holder in the cross-piece being made to retain said carbon in
position by the friction of a simple yielding tube encircling and pressing same,
carbons of considerable length might be employed, which when partly consumed
might be slided or pressed further through said tube to continue the light so that
the loss incident to the use of shorter carbons, as at all times a portion of each
carbon has to be wasted, is diminished.
As will be understood the compound levers above described may be used with
equal advantages either in arc lamps with series-wound solenoids or in those with
.shunt wound solenoids; however as the former act in the opposite direction to
the latter, the levers have to be arranged so that their gripping actions are
reversed.
Focussing lamps are produced by arranging the well known cord, string or
chain and pulley mechanism to impart motion from the upper to the lower
carbon, the guide rods of both the carbons being arranged to pass through
bearings or guide-pieces placed about level with the arc, so that in all cases the
carbons are held as nearly as possible straight in line with each other.
When two solenoids arranged to counteract each other, one, being series-
wound and the other one shunt-wound, are employed as the regulating means
for governing the movements of the carbons in order to maintain a constant
resistance of the arc, I preferably arrange them so that one operates one end of
a lever while the other operates its other end, the fulcrum of said lever being
between its said two ends; a connecting link joining one or the other of the
arms of said lever to the extending arm of the primary gripping lever herein-
before described. This arrangement of intermediate lever mechanism causes the
core of one solenoid to counterbalance that of the other so that in this case the
differential force to be exerted by the solenoids is reduced to a minimum.
Dated this 12th day of January 1893.
EUGENE CONRADY,
Per Samuel Hey,
Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Electric-arc-lamps.
I, EUGENE CONRADY of Keighley Model Works, Keighley in the County of
York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, that is to say :-
It relates to improvements in the formation, arrangement and combination of
parts or means for regulating, adjusting and operating the carbons of electric-arc-.
lamps whereby said carbons are automatically regulated, adjusted or operated so
as to maintain the arc in or as nearly as possible to a normal condition.
In the accompanying sheets of drawings which are illustrative of my invention-
Fig. 1 is front elevation of a non-focussing lamp.
Fig. 2 is a part sectional detail drawing enlarged scale showing certain parts
hereinafter described.
Fig. 3 is a view of the parts shown by Fig. 2 and as seen from above.

page_text: Fig. 4 is a sectional view on line A B of parts shown by Fig. 1 and to the same
scale as Figs. 2 and 3.
Fig. is a similar view to Fig. 1 but illustrates certain alternative devices herein-
after described.
Fig. 6 is a sectional side elevation of the lamp illustrated by Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is front elevation of a focussing lamp to which my improved parts are
applied.
Fig. 8 is a similar view to and same scale as Fig. 2 but is illustrative of parts
used in the lamps shown by Figs. 5, 6 and 7.
Fig. 9 is a sectional view on line C D of parts shown by Fig. 7 and as seen from
above.
Fig. 10 is a sectional elevation on line F F, of parts shown by Fig. 9. Figs. 8,9
and 10 are to same scale as Figs. 2, 3 and 4.
Fig. 11 is a front elevation showing the method of arranging certain
of my improved parts when used in lamps with two solenoids as hereinafter
described.
Fig. 12 is illustrative of parts shown by Fig. 11 and as seen in the direction of
the arrow a.
Fig. 13 is a sectional detail drawing of parts shown by Fig. 11 and as seen
from above.
The same letters and figures are used to indicate the same parts in all the
drawings.
In accordance with my invention I make use of an arrangement of differential
or compound levers and c which are to be operated by the core d of a solenoid d¹
(or its equivalent viz.-the armature of an electro-magnet, but preferably the
former, which is therefore hereinafter alone illustrated and referred to) for regula-
ting as by lowering or raising, the carbon or carbons e and f of an arc-lamp as the
condition of the arc thereof from time to time requires.
The lever 6 which may be styled the primary lever, is mounted upon the other
or supplementary lever c, this lever c being pivoted at e' upon any suitable part of
the lamp's framework as upon the rod g.
The pivotal mounting of the lever c is arranged by a slot being made
in it to span the pin el (or in place of this formation of the lever c any well
known arrangement of additional link or lever might be employed) so that in
addition to its usual freedom to oscillate about said pin c¹ it may move laterally
(for the purpose hereinafter described) while its extending arm is made to encircle
the tube h (which may either form the carbon holder or be a separate tube attach-
ment but preferably the latter) in order that the same may be gripped and held
between a projecting piece b¹ and the suitably formed interior edge (Fig. 3)
of the lever c. This projecting piece is formed on the lever b in a suitable
position relatively with the fulcrum 6 of said lever b so that as its extending arm
is moved by the core d of the solenoid d¹ to which it is coupled by the rod k, such
movement, if in one direction (that is vertical in case of all the several arrange-
ments illustrated) firstly causes the levers b and c to grip the tube h (or other part p
hereinafter described) passing between them and then to move same by both
levers b and c acting as one with the pivotal pin c¹ as fulcrum, while if in the other
direction then these levers b and c release said tube (or other part); and by these
levers being thus formed to act, the extending arm of the lever b for attachment to
the core d is considerably prolonged in order to gain leverage so that little power
is required for effecting these movements.
To prevent the carbons e and f from approaching or receding from each other too
quickly on being gripped by or on being released from the grip of said levers 6
and c, I employ a tube h, which may be attached to the cross-piece n on which the
carbon-holder o is mounted (this latter arrangement being preferred, is consequently
the only one shown, since by the extremities of this cross-piece n being made to
slide upon the vertical rods g and g¹ forming the lamp's framework it answers the
purpose of a guide for the carbon e) and in this tube h I arrange a piston suspended

page_text: by a rigid rod ¹ from the upper part g of the lamp's framework, to operate against
the retarding effects of a viscous substance as glycerine, oil or the like contained by
said tube h.
с
When the lamps are for use on fairly steady currents this viscous retarding
substance may be entirely dispensed with as they will work properly withont it.
Instead of the levers b and c being arranged to grip the tube h, they may be
formed to grip a strip of metal p (which is attached to the cross-piece n by the
spring and to the guide piece s on the said tube h) on which the lever c does not
require its slotted formation for laying hold of the pivotal pin c¹ since the yielding.
or bending of this strip of metal p allows the necessary lateral movement to
enable the levers b and c to work freely, while by its attachment to the cross-piece n
by the spring r the necessary yield is allowed to this strip p in a vertical direction
when it is suddenly and violently operated by the levers and c. The slot p' in said
stripp allows it this independent motion while the hooked holder p² prevents it from
moving out of position with the guide s.
In order that the levers b and c may be easily moved from gripping the tube / or
the strip p on approaching their lowest positions so that the said tube / or strip p
is allowed to slide through or between the jaws of these levers and cat such
times, the lever t is made to pass loosely through an opening in the part of the
lever c which forms a fulcrum for this lever t while its bent end enters an opening
in the lever b, thus on the levers b and c being raised so that the extremity of the
levert is clear of the fixed bearing u they are free to grip and operate the tube h
or strip p as desired, but on their descent so that this extremity of the lever t
comes in contact with the bearing u it is arrested and the levers b and c are brought
together thus their gripping jaws are separated and the tube or strip p may freely
descend. The arm & is formed on the lever b so that when the lamp is not in work,
the bearing u may support the levers b and c.
In connection with lamps of the non-focussing types, I preferably arrange the
upper-carbon e to be the moveable one, I also preferably electrically insulate this
upper carbon e in order to keep the temperature of the upper and motor.parts of
the lamp as low as possible, since it is well known most electrically insulating
materials are also bad conductors of heat. In this style of lamp the cross-piece n
carrying the retarding tube h and the carbon holder o as bercinbefore described,
may also be advantageously employed, inasmuch as by the additional attachment s
to the upper part of the tube h to act as a side support or guiding-piece, the move-
ments of the sliding parts are considerably relieved of friction, that would otherwise
be produced had guiding surfaces to be employed which were a less distance apart,
and for this same reason the pivotal mounting c¹ of the lever c is arranged to allow
it to have a slight lateral movement, when the strip p is not employed, so that the
gripping parts of both levers b and c and all the parts moved by them may travel
in a straight line, while by the carbon holder o being made to retain said carbon e
in position by the friction of a yielding tube o¹ encircling and pressing same,
carbons of considerable length might be employed, which when partly consumed
might be slided or pressed further through said tube o' to continue the light conse-
quently the loss incident to the use of shorter carbons, as at all times a portion of
each carbon has to be wasted, is diminished.
As will be understood the compound levers b and c above described may be used
with equal advantages either in arc-lamps with series wound solenoids or in those
with shunt wound solenoids; however as the former act in the opposite direction to
the latter, the levers b and c are arranged so that their gripping sections are
reversed.
Focussing lamps are produced by arranging the well known cord; or string or
chain, pulley w and guide rod to move the carbon f when the carbon e is moved,
the guide rode of the carbon f and the guide rod for the carbon e which in this.
case is the tube h are arranged to pass through bearings z placed only a little above
the arc's level so that in all cases the carbons e and fare held as nearly as possible
straight in line with each other. And to avoid the throwing of deep or many

page_text: shadows, all the guiding rods and framework tubes x, h, g and g¹ and the strip p
are arranged to be in one and the same vertical plane.
When two solenoids d' and 'd, arranged to counteract each other, one being
series wound and the other one shunt-wound; are employed as the regulating
means for governing the movements of the carbons in order to maintain a constant
resistance of the arc, I preferably arrange them so that one operates one end of a
lever, as the lever 2, while the other operates its other end, the fulcrum of said
lever 2 being between its said two ends, a connecting link 3 joining one or the other
of the arms of said lever 2 to the extending arm of the lever b.
This arrangement of the intermediate lever 2, causes the core of one solenoid to
counterbalance that of the other so that in this case, the differential force to be-
exerted by the solenoids is reduced to a minimum.
For shunt wound lamps which I preferably use for alternating currents, the
solenoid d is made to operate the lever 4 as shown by Fig. 14. This lever 4 having
a sliding weight 5 arranged so that it may be adjusted for the right difference of
potential between the two carbons.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is.-
1. The combination of differential or compound levers and other mechanism for
operating the carbons of electric-arc-lamps substantially as specified.
2. The combination of differential levers for operating the carbons of electric-
arc-lamps and means for retarding or preventing said action from being performed
too quickly substantially as set forth and described.
3. The combination in an electric-arc-lamp of differential levers, tube and piston,
and flexible strip of metal with resilient attachment, all of these parts being
formed and arranged to operate substantially as specified.
4. The combination in electric-arc-lamps of gripping levers with additional lever
mechanism for operating said gripping levers so that the parts gripped or held by
them are released substantially as and for the purpose described.
5. In electric-arc-lamps the method of arranging and forming the several
operating parts, guide-pieces and framework, substantially as herein set forth and
described.
6. The combination and arrangement of the several operating and bearing or
framework parts forming electric-arc-lamps substantially as herein specified.
The 10
1000
EUGENE CONRADY,
Per Samuel Hey,
Agent.
EUGENE CONRADY,
Per Samuel Hey,
Agent.