IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR EXTRACTING OIL FROM OLEAGINOUS SEEDS
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Eives, of 17, Cornhill, London, for the In-
vention of "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR EXTRACTING OIL FROM OLEAGINOUS
SEEDS." A communication.
Sealed the 8th August 1856, and dated the 12th June 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Eives at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th June
1856.
I, JAMES EIVES, of 17, Cornhill, London, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR EXTRACTING OIL FROM
OLEAGINOUS SEEDS," a communication from a foreigner resident abroad, to be as
follows:
This Invention consists in an arrangement of machinery by which the
operations of crushing, hot and cold pressing, and division into cake, are per-
formed continuously and automatically, no handling being necessary except
for the removal of the cake. The seeds pass from a suitable bin or receptacle
through a tube to the crushing rollers; in this passage they are subjected to the.
action of steam admitted through a pipe from a boiler. From the crushing
rollers they drop on to a belt which conducts them between the pressure rollers,
which extract the cold pressed oil. The belts are made of hair cloth or other
porous material,and the rollers are so perforated & grooved that the oil passing
[Price 8d.]

page_text: into their surfaces is conducted to their ends,and falls thence into a receptacle.
From the cold pressure rollers the material passes down an inclined conductor
into a cylinder heated by a steam box; there it is heated & rolled, and rubbed
by a roller of peculiar construction, having a rotary and reciprocating motion.
Thus prepared, it passes between other pressing rollers, perforated & grooved
like those first mentioned, which extract the hot-pressed oil.. The cake then
passes along a bed under a roller provided with knives, which cut it into strips
of suitable size. The machinery is driven by any prime mover through
the usual mechanical means.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Eives in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 12th
December 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
EIVES, of 17, Cornhill, London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said James
Eives, Her special licence that I, the said James Eives, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James Eives, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein ex-
pressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR EXTRACTING OIL FROM
O EAGINOUS SEEDS," a communicatiom from a foreigner residing abroad, upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Charles Frederick Stans, my
executors or administrators; by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Eives, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following

page_text: statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, in which
Figure 1 represents a side view of the machine; Figure 2, a view of the side
opposite to that shewn in Figure 1; Figure 3 is a central. vertical, longi-
tudinal section; Figure 4 represents, on an enlarged scale, a vertical trans-
verse section, taken at the line a, a, of Figure 3; Figure 5 is a front view
of one of the rollers detached; and Figure 6 is a view of the other side of
the stave shewn in Figure 5. Like parts are denoted by all the Figures by
like letters.
The seeds are taken from a bin and introduced into the crushing apparatus;
from thence the crushed seeds pass through pressing machinery to extract
the cold pressed oil, and thence the partially formed cake passes into a heating
and reducing apparatus, where it is prepared for a subsequent pressing by
suitable machinery, which takes out the remaining oil in the crushed sceds,
which remainder is called hot-pressed oil. From the hot pressing machinery
the oil cake passes under a knife, which cuts it up into conveniently shaped
pieces to be readily removed. The seeds may therefore be said to be intro-
duced into the machine at one end, the cold and hot-pressed oil extracted
at different points of their passage, and the oil cake removed in slices at the
other end, the whole operation being a continuous one, without any handling
being required except that necessary for the removal of the cake. These
operations I shall describe in their order.
1st. Of Feeding the seeds.-A (see Figure 3) is a tube or spout of the same
width as the rollers, leading from the bin or hopper where the seeds are kept
to the crushing rollers B,B,B,B, of which there may be any suitable number.
A steam pipe C connects with the tube or spout A for the purpose of in-
troducing steam among the falling seeds to moisten or saturate their hulls,
filling up their pores, and destroying their capacity for taking up oil. This
previous moisteuing of the hulls of oil seeds not only facilitates their after
separation from the interior oily portions of the seeds, but, having taken up all
the moisture which they can absorb, they are enabled to resist the entrance of
oil, thus considerably increasing the yield. The seeds being properly moistened
and crushed or reduced between the rollers B, B, &c., drop down upon an
endless belt D, which passes around the rollers E, F. Above the roller F are
arranged two other rollers G, H, similar in construction to those E, F, around
which passes an endless belt I. J is a friction or bearing roller pressing the
belt D in contact with the roller F to prevent slipping, and also to press any
superfluous oil which may adhere to the belt into the roller F. K is a similar
pressing roller performing a like office for the roller H. These pressing
rollers should be so hung that their pressure may be adjusted to suit the

page_text: character of the work to be done. The rollers F, H, are made of staves b, b,
&c., and have small holes or openings leading from their outer surfaces
towards the interior of the rollers. These openings communicate with other
longitudinal openings, furroughs, or troughs cut in the sides of the staves
before putting them together, which form ducts for the oil, and lead it out
at the ends of the rollers, whence it drips into a proper receiver L. The
belts I, D, are made of heavy hair cloth, either woven or felted, or of any
other suitable, porous, and strong material, and may, if found necessary, have
a facing or lining of other material to give them additional strength and to
prevent the oil cake from clogging up the hair cloth.
2. The First, or Cold Pressing. The ground material, as before stated,
drops upon the belt D, and is carried on the belt between the rollers F, H,
which press out a great portion of the oil, the cake passing on to the con-
ductor M, and thence into the machinery to be herein-after described. The
oil thus expressed from the material I term cold-pressed." It passes through
the hair cloth belts I, D, into the openings in the cylinders and through the
ducts leading to the ends of the cylinders, where it runs out. To prevent the
oil from remaining in the cylinders I make the following arrangement, viz.:
The cylinders are divided into quadrants, or greater or less sections, and a stave
or stop c is introduced at the end of each section. The grooves or furroughs
on the sides of the staves may then incline both ways from the centre of the
rollers, as seen in Figures 5 and 6, the series of grooves of each segment
terminating against the stop c of each segment. These stops then direct or
force the oil to the ends of the cylinders, whence it-drips into the receiver.
3. The Heating and Reducing.-The operation just described extracts the
cold pressed oil, the heating and reducing operation follows. From the con-
ductor M the material passes into a hopper N, and thence into a cylinder O,
within which a roller P turus. Below the shell or cylinder O is a steam
chamber Q, into which steam is admitted through the pipe C, for heating the
cylinder and the material within it, which is being reduced from the cake into
small particles. The roller Pis provided with scrapers d (Figure 4), which
are forced out by springs against the inner periphery of the shell U, to scrape
off all adhering particles. The inner periphery of O is also provided with a
scraper e for cleaning the roller P. f, Fig. 4, is a shield over the steam inlet
to prevent the material from choking up the steam way. The object of
hanging the scrapers d to springs is, that by means of a cam ledge on the
outer shell O, they may be forced into the roller P when they pass the shield f
or the scraper e, and when they have passed, spring out against the inner peri-
phery of the shell to scrape it clean. The lower portion of the shell O is

page_text: furnished with friction rollers g, running the whole length of said shells, on
which the roller P bears and moves to prevent the said roller from pressingtoo
much or packing the material in the bottom of said shell. Besides the motion
of the roller P around its axis, it has a longitudinal reciprocating motion
caused by the friction rollers h, i, one at each end thereof, bearing against
cams cut-in the ends of roller P. By this means the material is rubbed and
reduced in contrary ways while it is being, prepared for the hot-pressing
process.
4. The Hot Pressing.-The reduced or digested and heated material pass-
ing out of the end of shell O, drops on to a heavy hair-cloth belt R, which
passes around two rollers S, T. Above these rollers are two others U, V,
around which passes an endless belt W of leather or other impervious
material. These two belts R & W being brought into close proximity
between the two rollers T, V, press out the oil remaining in the material,
which is carried through between the belts. The roller T in its construction
and operation may be like those F, H, heretofore described, so that the oil
may pass into said roller, and thence through suitable ducts to its ends, and
drip into a receiver X placed below it. The roller V is simply grooved to give
the belt W a better hold and prevent its slipping. After the material has
passed between the rollers V, T, it passes in between and is a second time
pressed by the rollers Y, T, the roller Y being constructed in all essential
particulars like those F, H, T, and having a hair-cloth belt K passing around
it, and around a roller Z above it. The oil pressed out between Y and T,
drips into a receiver placed below the roller Y. m, n, are two bearing
rollers, which should be made adjustable so as to regulate the pressure
between Y and T. This completes the hot pressing, and the cake passing
along the bed p comes under a roller o provided with knives or cutters k,
which cut the cake into pieces suitable for handling. The belts D, I, have
been described as made of hair-cloth, and lined or faced with other material
to strengthen them. They may also have a backing of heavy woollen or
worsted material, which while it allows the oil to pass through the belts
does not admit of its ready return.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, what I claim under the above in part recited
Letters Patent, is as follows:-
I claim the steam pipe C for moistening the seeds, to prevent them from
absorbing the oil when crushed.
I claim the crushing rollers B, B, &c., in their working lateral, or end and

page_text: drag motion, for the better pulverizing of the seeds, also the end plates
attached thereto, to insure the rollers grinding on their whole length.
I also claim the heating and refining of the seeds, by their exposure to
steam directly and indirectly.
I claim the mode of constructing the pressing rollers of staves,perforated
and grooved, so as to conduct the oil from the surface to the ends of the
same, as described.
I also claim the edging of the cake and the cutting of it into pieces of
convenient size, by the same operation.
I also claim the extracting or expressing the oil from tempered oleaginous
seeds or other vegetable matter, by passing said material on to belts or aprons
made of hair-cloth or similar strong and porous material, and between com-
pressing rollers, substantially as herein described; and this I claim, whether
the oil be hot-pressed or cold-pressed, or both, or whether used in connection
with a reducing apparatus or not.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Eives, have hereunto set my land
and seal, this Twelfth day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
JAMES EIVES. (L.S.)