matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED BOTTLE CORKING MACHINE
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Long Granville at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th July 1871. - A communication from abroad by Arthur
Alleyne Bozzi Granville, of New York, United States of America.
-
I, WALTER LONG GRANVILLE, of Ivy House, Hampton Court, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED BOTTLE CORKING MACHINE," to be as
follows:-
The Invention consists of a machine arranged in such a manner,
that the bottle to be corked is grasped and held by the neck, being
suspended during the operation of forcing the cork into it, the pressure
being received by the solid rim round the neck (which is usually the
strongest part of a bottle) instead of allowing the bottom of the bottle
to receive the blow or pressure, as is the case in corking machines
heretofore employed.
In order to carry the Invention into effect an ordinary lever press
may be employed, in the bed of which an opening is formed; over this
opening a pair of dies is made to work. These dies grasp the bottle
by the neck, holding it firmly in suspension while the cork is being

page_text: forced in; they may be connected with the lever of the press, and worked
by it in such a manner that they shall open and release the bottle
when the said lever is raised ready for the next operation, and close
and grasp the bottle when it is depressed to force the cork into the
bottle; or, if preferred, they may be opened and closed by a distinct
operation.
By this Invention accidents and injuries arising from breakage
of the bottles are rendered much less frequent than with the old
arrangement.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HOT WATER APPARATUS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Kendall at the Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
March 1871.
I, JOHN KENDALL, of Woburn Cottage, Ladbroke Road, Notting
Hill, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HOT WATER APPARATUS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in hot water apparatus.
In apparatus in which hot water is circulated under pressure in
pipes connected with the boiler of a kitchen or other fire there is
danger of explosion when from any cause the supply of water to the
apparatus is for a time stopped and then recommenced, as the water
on its re-admission may find the boiler in a highly heated state.
In order to indicate when the water in the pipes is running short I
connect with the circulating system a small vessel of cylindrical or
other form containing a float. A stem rising from the float carries a
valve fitting a corresponding valve seat in the top of the vessel. As long
as there is a sufficiency of water the float holds the valve in its scat
and no escape can take place past it, but as soon as the water falls short

page_text: the float descends and takes the valve down with it; then, as steam
is generated in the boiler it enters the vessel in which the float is con-
tained, and escapes past the valve through a pipe with a whistle upon
it. The whistle is thus caused to sound and give notice that unless the
fire be promptly withdrawn from the boiler danger will arise. The pipe
leading from the vessel containing the float to the whistle I make of
glass, and I place an indicator on the valve, which is visible in this
pipe, and shews by its position if the supply of water is sufficient, and
so an indication is obtained without the generation of a pressure of
steam in the boiler.
In some cases I make the stem rising from the float hollow, it passes
up through the valve already described, and is closed at its upper end
by another valve weighted to any desired pressure, so that it will lift and
open should this pressure be exceeded. In this way an exit is provided
even should the float from any cause fail to descend.
A NEW OR IMPROVED LIGHTING AND HEATING APPARATUS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd September 1871.-A communication from abroad by Jules
Bontems, of No. 64, Faubourg Saint Martin, Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED LIGHTING AND HEATING
APPARATUS," a communication to me from abroad by Jules Bontems,
of No. 64, Faubourg, Saint Martin, Paris, France, to be as follows:-
.
This Invention relates to a small apparatus intended for the com-
bustion of any mineral and vegetable oil or essence converted into
gas, as well as for the combustion of ordinary lighting gas and of
petroleum.
This apparatus may be adapted to every kind of lighting and heating
apparatus, such as lamps, furnaces, stoves, " calorifères," et cetera,
without adopting any special form. Its object is to cause the volatilized
essences or the gas to arrive at the point of combustion perfectly
purified, giving a very white light, free from smoke and smell.

page_text: This small apparatus consists of a tube of copper or other metal
enclosing a wick placed in contact with the combustible matter held in
a receiver of any shape. To this tube is joined another enclosing
pumice stone or other mineral substance, through which the gas passes,
accumulating in a small chamber formed at the upper part of the tube,
and issuing therefrom by small holes provided for that purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FLUTES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Perry Bromage at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th November 1871.
I, THOMAS PERRY BROMAGE, of 79, Cambridge Street, Pimlico, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FLUTES," to be as follows:-
:-
My Invention of improvements in flutes consists,-
Firstly. Of constructing flutes with two cylindrical tubes made of
silver or other suitable material. Having a space left between the two
tubes, thereby increasing the vibrating power, and improving the tone of
flutes. The upper tube also increases the circumference of a metal flute.
Secondly. Of constructing flutes so that the "embouchure "
moved inwardly or outwardly without altering the tuning slide.
effected by the use of an inner tube, which is made moveable by the
embouchure lip plate to which it is joined. The moving distance of the
can be
This is

page_text: moveable embouchure lip plate is regulated by the ordinary embouchure
being enlarged.
Thirdly. Of raising and corrugating part of the lip plate to support
the under lip of the player, and prevent slipping, by which means
the embouchure of any mouth may be improved.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM FOR WORKING. ROLLER BLINDS, MAPS, AND ARTICLES OF A LIKE NATURE
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Haworth Hatton and
George Hatton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 25th September 1871.
We, EDWARD HAWORTH HATTON and GEORGE HATTON, Window
Blind Manufacturers, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MECHANISM FOR WORKING. ROLLER BLINDS, MAPS, AND ARTICLES OF A LIKE
NATURE,' to be as follows:-
"
A
°
Our Invention relates to novel combinations and actions of parts of
mechanism for raising and lowering blinds, maps, and articles of a like
nature, and more particularly for fastening them at any desired height,
and consists, as means for raising, lowering, and affixing at any required
height blinds, maps, and like flexible articles, in using a cord which is
wound on a pulley during the descent of the blind, map, or other article,
and in so arranging the parts that the sheave which is attached to the
end of the blind roller works around a fixed pin containing a detent free.
to fall into notches or recesses formed in the sheave. The end of the
sheave has notches or recesses so formed that the blind can be raised.

page_text: without moving the detent, but when it is desired to lower the blind the
cord which passes through a lifting piece or lever is drawn inwards, and
the said lifting piece, it being hung on a centre, is made to raise the
detent and allow the blind to fall. On releasing the cord the detent
falls into a recess.
IMPROVED MEANS FOR PRESSING OIL FROM LINSEED AND OTHER SEEDS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Samuel Laycock at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 15th May 1871.
I, WILLIAM SAMUEL LAYCOCK, of Portobello Place, Sheffield, in the
County of York, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS FOR PRESSING OIL FROM LINSEED AND
OTHER SEEDS," to be as follows:-
In the ordinary process the linseed or other seed is placed in bags
between what are termed "oil hairs" which are made of horsehair
tightly interwoven or worked together and covered on the back with
leather.
My Invention consists in substituting the use of pieces of horn
securely fastened together either with or without hair, cotton, or other
fibrous substance between them for making oil press coverings or
envelopes to contain the bag of seed or other substance used during the
process of pressing linseed or other seeds or material instead of the
coverings previously used for this purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PERAMBULATORS AND OTHER CARRIAGES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Warsop at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th July
1871.
I, GEORGE WARSOP, of No. 76, Royal Terrace, Queen's Walk,
Nottingham, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PERAMBULATORS AND OTHER CARRIAGES," to be
as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in perambulators and
other carriages.
The improvements consist in making the body of the perambulator
or carriage capable of turning round irrespective of the frame carrying
the handles and wheels. For this purpose I mount the wheels and
handle on a suitable frame, on which is capable of revolving another
circular frame or short pillar carrying the body of the perambulator
or carriage. The two frames or frame and pillar are connected together
by a bolt and nut, or other suitable means, and may be made to turn
round upon one another, either concentrically or otherwise, and retained
in any desired position by a spring bolt on the frame of one entering
into holes in the pillar or frame of the other, or by other means. The

page_text: spring bolt can be drawn out (to enable the body to be turned round)
by pulling a cord attached to the carriage handle.
The advantages are, that the occupants of the carriage or perambulator
need never be exposed face to face with the sun or a driving rain or
wind;
the hoods now in use for that purpose being very ineffective.
If a hood is fitted to my improved perambulator the child can be most
perfectly protected against the elements, and can at all times be under
the eye of the attendant.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CORKS AND OTHER STOPPERS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Rattray at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
February 1871.
I, James RattRAY, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Commission Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CORKS AND OTHER STOPPERS," to be as follows,
that is to say :-
This Invention relates to corks and other stoppers which when in
use present no part projecting sufficiently for their extraction without
the aid of destructive instruments, such as corkscrews, and has for its
object by extremely simple means to render such stoppers capable of
being easily extracted and in a condition to be reused an indefinite
number of times with unimpaired efficiency.
The Invention consists in fixing one or more straps or bands of wire
or fibrous material upon the cork or stopper, and, by preference, so
as to embrace it longitudinally, and crossing the bottom and top, the

page_text: part crossing the top being capable of being taken hold of by a hook or
other convenient instrument, whereby the cork or stopper can be with
facility extracted from the bottle, jar, cask, or other vessel which it may
be closing.
AN IMPROVED LINK MOTION FOR STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward John Cowling Welch
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 2nd May 1871.
I, EDWARD JOHN COWLING WELCH, of Eden Street, Hampstead
Road, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED LINK MOTION FOR STEAM
ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in arrangements by means of which the
eccentric rods at each end of the link are always in a direct line with
the valve spindle, and the centre of vibration of such rods is coincident
with the centre of the block of the link when in full gear, and therefore
the motion of the valve is always regular and the expansion equal at
both ends of stroke. The link is divided into two parts parallel with
the faces, the block being placed alternately at cach end of the link.
From the centre of this block circles are struck of such diameter as to
clear the ends of the slot of the link and leave a bearing all round such
ends. A space outside this circle is then turned away to a sufficient
depth to admit the thickness of the eccentric rods and of such width

page_text: eccentric rods are bent
When the rods are in
as to admit of their width; the ends of the
round and bored out to fit into such spaces.
their places the front plate of the link is put on.
eccentric rod ends so as to allow of the vibration of the rods without
interfering with the motion of the block in the slot.
A gap is cut out in the
IMPROVEMENTS IN 'DOCTORS' USED IN PRINTING MACHINES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Cadman at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th April
1871.
I, HENRY CADMAN, of the Firm of Charles Cadman and Sons, Canal
Works, Sheffield, in the County of York, File and Steel Manufacturers,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
'DOCTORS' USED IN PRINTING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
Ordinary" doctors" used in printing machines have a large portion
of their surfaces in contact with the colors, which in many cases are
diluted or mixed with acids of a strength sufficient to rapidly decompose
the metal or metals of the doctors, and the resulting products mix with
the color and spoil or deteriorate the work should it continue to be used,
or causes a loss or waste of expensive colors which may have frequently
to be replaced to avoid damage to the cloth printed therewith. The
object of my Invention is to remedy these defects by preventing the too
rapid destruction of the "doctors" and the consequent vitiation of the
colors, and my Invention consists in forming the doctors of steel or other
suitable metal or metals and covering them with a coating of japan, that

page_text: is, with black or brown tar, or copal japan varnish, or other like materials,
subjected to the action of a japanning stove at about 120 degrees
Fahrenheit. The "doctors" thus produced or prepared will resist the
action of acids of much greater strength than is required in colors for
printing, as the japan varnish protects the metal against decomposition.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gray at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th June
1871.
I, JOHN GRAY, of Uddingston, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS," to be as follows, that is to say :—
This Invention has for its object to improve the appliances in con-
nection with the front and land wheels and the muzzle or bake of double
furrow and other ploughs, so as to give the ploughman more effective,
convenient, and easy control of the movements of the plough.
In carrying out the Invention the front wheel is connected to the
beam or frame by a long lever arranged with a universal joint or its
equivalent, as described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted
to the present applicant and dated 22 April 1870 (No. 1169), but the
position of this lever in the vertical plane on which the relative depth
of the front wheel depends is adjusted by means of a screwed rod on the
under side of the lever, the point of the rod bearing against the forked

page_text: piece of the lever joint. The lever has also jointed to it a pawl or catch
which can be actuated by a light wire or rod from a small lever at the
back end of the main lever, so as when required to take the catch out
of a notch in a block which is adjustable upon a segmental bracket.
The position of the block determines to a certain extent the angular
position of the main lever in the horizontal plane when the pawl or catch
is' in the notch, whilst the ploughman can temporarily alter the position
of the lever on taking the pawl out of the notch. The block is made
with two or three notches which are found to be .convenient in working
as they enable the ploughman to keep the lever for a time a little to
the right or left of its normal position when the ground requires it.
The land wheel is mounted on an axle formed at the bottom of a
vertical spindle arranged to swivel in the end of the lever usually.con-
necting that wheel to the plough frame. or beam. The vertical spindle
has a short lever fixed on its upper end, and this lever is connected by
With this arrange-
an adjustable link to the lever of the front wheel.
ment the land wheel will be set to the left when the front one is set to
the right (and vice versa) and will in consequence give the plough a
tendency to move in the direction wanted by the ploughman. In a
similiar way the moving of the front wheel lever is made to alter the
draught so as to assist the desired movement of the plough. A supple-
mentary muzzle or hake is connected by parallel levers to the ordinary
one, or the ordinary one may be so connected to the frame, and one of
the levers prolonged, if necessary, is connected by an adjustable link to
the front wheel lever, so that when this last is moved the muzzle is
also moved transversely to correspond.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF STREET TRAMWAYS AND LINES OF RAILWAY
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edwin Heath at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on tho
31st October 1871.
I, WILLIAM EDWIN HEATH, Engineer, of 23, Camden Road, St.
Paneras, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF STREET
TRAMWAYS AND LINES OF RAILWAY," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the better and more permanent laying
of tramways, where squares or blocks of granite or other stone or material
is laid adjoining to or touching the rails, and is calculated to prevent the
sinking of the pavement in immediate contact with the rails.
In the mode now adopted for pitching or paving the roadway adjoining
the rails the granite squares all end on one line, viz., the line of the
rails or sleepers, and consequently there is no break of the joint as there
is in any other part of the paving, and the wheels of carriages running
parallel to the rail cause the ends of those stones against the rail to
sink, forming a serious obstacle to vehicles passing across the rails
diagonally, causing a great wrench, to obviate this I cause the lower

page_text: extremity of the rail to spread out into a flange at right angles under-
neath the level of the bottom of those stones which are laid against it,
and so that the weight of any wheel on the ends of the stones is partly
borne by the base of the rail itself, rendering it impossible for the stone
to sink below the level of the rail. When wooden slecpers are used
under a light surface rail I bolt on to the under side of the sleeper, which
is on edge, a horizontal slceper to carry the weight of and share the load
of the stones above among a much larger base, so that a perfect break
of joint is obtained, stones or any other material may be used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESSING FLOUR AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Palmer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
April 1871.
I, WILLIAM PALMER, of Knockeloghrim, Castle-dawson, in the
County of Londonderry, in Ireland, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESSING FLOUR AND IN THE
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
silk flour dressing machine, whereby the objections attendant upon the
ordinary machines known as bolting machines are obviated. In the
old form of machine the screen was inclined or elevated at one end, and
as it revolved round it allowed the flour to pass through too rapidly and
without being properly sifted.
Now according to my improvements the revolving screen is on a level
or horizontal, and it contains a screw which causes the meal and flour
to move slowly along and pass round the machine once for every eighteen
inches in length. Another screw under the machine takes the flour
away as well as the coarser flour and bran to any required place to suit
the convenience of the miller. The feeding of the machine with the

page_text: mcal or ground wheat may be effected by means of an elevator, or if
preferred the machine may be made to feed itself. There is a fan at cach
end of the machine, whereby a strong current of air is drawn in which
keeps the flour cool, and maintains a pressure against the inside of the
silk or sifting fabric. This pressure together with wooden balls inside
the screen falling at each revolution of the machine serves to keep the
holes of the silk open, and causes the flour to be dressed quicker. The
reel or silk machine is by preference driven by gearing at both ends, so
as to take the strain from off the silk, but it may be driven from one
end only.
A NEW AND IMPROVED HARROW OR CLOD-BREAKING APPARATUS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mariano Billinghurst at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th September 1871.-A communication from abroad by Estevan
Ojeda, of Chivilcoy, in the Province of Buenos Ayres (Argentine.
Republic).
I, MARIANO BILLINGHURST, of Buenos Ayres, at present residing at
the Tavistock Hotel, Covent Garden, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW AND
IMPROVED HARROW OR CLOD-BREAKING APPARATUS," a communication to
me from abroad by Estevan Ojeda, of Chivilcoy, in the Province of
Buenos Ayres (Argentine Republic), to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the more complete and effectual
breaking up of the clods or lumps of earth left in the process of
cultivating land, and consists in an apparatus or machine consisting of
a frame attached to which are any suitable number of cylinders or bars
capable of revolving, and to which are secured any desired number of
spikes or prongs.
The Invention may be and is intended to be carried into effect by
truating the bod
of two navallal

page_text: sides or frames connected at both ends by suitable framing or bars,
somewhat in the shape of an ordinary harrow, between these two side
frames and placed parallel one behind the other are the cylinders or
bars, which may be round, or octagonal, or hexagonal, or any desired
shape, but herein-after called cylinders; to these cylinders are secured
any suitable number of spikes or prongs placed at right angles to the
axis of the cylinders, and so placed that the spikes in all the cylinders do
not come in a straight line. These cylinders are capable of and are
intended to revolve and work in bearings in the side frames, being
caused to revolve by the motion of the harrow along the ground.
On the front part of the machine it is intended to construct a raised
framework for the driver to sit on (if horses are used), and also to carry
the wheels as described below. This raised frame may also be furnished
with boxes for carrying tools and such like.
The front bar or frame that connects the two side frames is furnished
with any suitable number of spikes knife blades for the purpose
of destroying or breaking in pieces (or as much as possible so) the
clods previous to the spikes on the cylinder pulverising them.
It is intended that when the machine or apparatus is not in use or
when being conveyed from one place to another it shall be furnished
with wheels which are purposely made very easily removeable; on
arriving at the place where it is intended to use, the apparatus these
wheels are removed and placed on the frame on places made to receive
them, thus allowing the apparatus to rest on the ground like an ordinary
harrow. As the apparatus is pulled forward either by horse or other
power it causes the cylinders to revolve and the spikes break up or.
pulverise the clods.
It is intended that the different parts of the apparatus should be
made of metal Awood on motal and wood combined
as desired
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRANCH PIPES AND NOZZLES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHING APPARATUS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Finley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd May
1871.
I, WILLIAM FINLEY, of Stockport, in the County of Chester, Self-
acting Mule Minder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRANCH PIPES AND NOZZLES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHING
APPARATUS," to be as follows:—
The object of this Invention is to provide against the bursting of
the hose pipes used for conveying water for fire extinguishing purposes
through over pressure, and also to regulate the throw of water without
the necessity of changing the nozzles, as hitherto practised, and consists
in constructing the branch pipe with a partition down the centre, thus
internally dividing it into two compartments which communicate
together by a cock or valve, or the nozzle itself may be constructed with

page_text: a cock or valve, and thus enable the throw of water to be regulated
according to the distance required, or according to the pressure in force,
which is accomplished without the loss of time consequent upon
having to change the nozzle for one of a larger or smaller size as
hitherto practised.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Augustus Wenderoth
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 30th October 1871.
I, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS WENDEROTH, of Philadelphia, in the State
of Pennsylvania, United States of America, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES," to
be as follows:-
Photographic pictures heretofore taken on metallic plates have been
of the character generally denominated negative pictures, in which the
shadows thereof have been produced by the exposed surface of the metal
plate.
In my improvement the dark portions or shadows are produced by
the coating applied to the plate, and the lights of the picture arise from
the light reflected from the metallic surface.
To effect these objects I prepare a polished metallic surface, pre-
ferably a plate of Britannia metal plated with silver, and rub the surface
of such polished plate with very fine sand, which it is best should be
rubbed from top to bottom of the picture so as to cover the surface with

page_text: a multitude of fine scratches that give brilliancy to the picture in
consequence of the light reflected from the surface. Upon the plate
prepared as aforesaid the picture is to be printed from a glass negative
in any of the known modes, such, for instance, as the collodion dry
or wet process, or the collodion chloride process, or I have employed!
chromatized gelatine with a coloring pigment so as to vary the color of
the developed picture, in any case the positive picture printed upon the
sensitized surface is intensified in its lights by the light reflected from
the surface of the metal plate. When the picture is finished it is
rendered more durable by sealing it to a piece of plate glass the same 1
size as the metal plate, and for this purpose white beeswax or similar
material may be employed.
APPARATUS FOR SAWING, SLOTTING, AND BORING RAILWAY SLEEPERS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Blomerley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
January 1871.
I, JOSEPH BLOMERLEY, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
"AN IMPROVED
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
APPARATUS FOR SAWING, SLOTTING, AND BORING RAILWAY SLEEPERS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a sawing, slotting, and boring machine for
preparing railway sleepers to receive such rails as are made with a
broad base and fastened to the said sleepers by means of bolts, spikes,
or trenails without the intervention of chairs, and consists of a combined
machine for first sawing or squaring the sleepers; secondly, cutting the
slots or grooves across the face for receiving the base of the rail; and
thirdly, boring the holes for the bolts, spikes, or trenails used for fixing
the same.
I first take an ordinary saw bench having a transverse shaft beneath
it, which is driven by a band passing round a pulley and carries a
circular saw projecting upwards through the bench, which saws or
squares the sleepers to the required gauge as they are passed longitu-

page_text: dinally over the bench by hand in contact with a fence or guide.
At right angles to this shaft, and passing either above or below it,
is a longitudinal shaft (also below the bench), driven from the first-
named shaft by skew bevil geer and carrying two conical or tapered
cutters projecting upwards through the bench, so that upon a squared
sleeper being laid face downwards in a carriage longitudinally to the
bench and then pushed transversely across it these cutters will
cut the required slots or grooves across the face. The carriage works
between two slides, or rails, and after the sleeper has passed over
the cutters it comes against two stops which hold it in the proper
position to be bored. The augers' or bits for boring are caused to
revolve by means of gearing driven by a strap passing round a pulley
at one end of the longitudinal shaft, and are capable of being lowered
by means of a hand lever or a treadle, and raised again by a weight
as in ordinary drilling or boring machines. As soon as the sleeper
comes in contact with the stops it is in the exact position for boring,
and the augers or bits are all brought down at once. As soon as the
boring is completed and the augers or bits raised up again the sleeper
is removed from the carriage and a counterbalance weight returns the
latter to the front ready to receive another sleeper.
I would here remark that the sawing or squaring of the sleepers is
performed at one time, the slotting and boring parts of the apparatus
being thrown out of gear, and when a sufficient number of sleepers
have been squared then the circular saw and the guide or fence are
removed so as to leave the bench clear, the slotting and boring part a
of the apparatus are then thrown into gear, and the operation is carried
on as above described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR BURNING PETROLEUM OR OTHER MINERAL OILS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Georges Qurin and Josef Essl
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 22nd July 1871.
We, GEORGES QURIN and JOSEF Essl, of the Firm of “J. Gallowitsch,
G. Qurin, and J. Essl," of Gratz, in the Empire of Austria, Lamp
Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR BURNING PETROLEUM OR OTHER MINERAL OILS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to lamps for burning petroleum and other
mineral oils, and consists in the improvements herein-after described
in the construction and arrangement of such lamps, whereby we obtain
security from accidents, and such perfect combustion of the oil that
the use of a glass or chimney may be dispensed with. Upon a suitable
tubular or hollow stand or holder, in which are formed suitable
apertures or air passages, we mount a reservoir or oil vessel the lower
end of which is by preference made tubular to fit into the said holder.
The said oil vessel is traversed from top to bottom by a tube, which tube
is soldered or otherwise fixed to the bottom of the said oil vessel, and
extends above the top of the same; the said tube allows a free passage

page_text: of air through the oil vessel to the top of the wick and flame. Upon
the outer surface of the said tube towards the top thereof is formed or
fixed a spiral thread. Upon the said tube we pass a cylindrical wick,
and by turning the said wick upon the said spiral thread it readily
descends to the bottom of the reservoir extending from the top to the
bottom of the said tube. Around the said wick and outside the above-
mentioned tube we pass a second and larger tube encasing the wick
and extending downwards from the top of the inner tube to within a
short distance of the bottom of the oil vessel, thus allowing only the
lower part of the wick to come into direct contact with the oil, and
preventing the said oil from rising to the point of combustion, except
from the bottom of the oil vessel. The said outer tube is provided with
a projecting collar by which the said tube may be turned, and the said
collar fits upon the top of the oil vessel, and closes it, suitable apertures
in the said collar or cover allowing air to penetrate into the said oil
vessel, and any oil flowing over from the wick to re-enter the reservoir.
The said reservoir is provided with a suitable opening for the intro-
duction of oil, which opening may be closed by any suitable stopper.
The spiral thread upon the inner tube by pressing against the wick
prevents the passage of too great a quantity of oil to the burner, and
also enables the wick to be raised or lowered by turning the outer tube
in one or other direction.
When the lamp is lighted, oil having been previously supplied to
the reservoir, and the wick properly adjusted, a strong current of air
passes up to the flame through the oil reservoir, producing combustion
without smoke.
When not in use the top of the tubes and wick should be closed by
suitable cover to prevent evaporation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILS FOR TRAMWAYS, AND IN THE FORMATION OF ROADS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leopold Charles Martin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th October 1871.
I, LEOPOLD CHARLES MARTIN, of Abernethy House, Mount Vernon,
Hampstead, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILS
FOR TRAMWAYS, AND IN THE FORMATION OF ROADS FOR THE SAME," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to the construction of rails for tramways
whereby a solid even surface can be obtained for heavy traffic without
the risk of the rails becoming loose, and, secondly, in the formation of
roads in which such rails can be laid or secured in order to obtain a
solid substructure or surface in connection therewith.
According to one construction of rail, projections, keys, or lips are
formed at intervals on one or both of the side edges into the recesses,
between which projections on blocks are caused to take to hold the rail
in position. These blocks, which may be of stone, asphalte, wood, or a

page_text: combination of material moulded or otherwise formed into blocks of
various sizes are laid so as to break joint at their outer ends to those laid
next them to bind and retain the several blocks and the rail in proper
order.
I prefer to so shape the blocks that one portion can form a shoulder
or bearing for the rail to rest upon at the edges and to fit a longitudinal
timber under the centre of the rail, which timber and also the blocks
may sit upon a layer of concrete in the usual manner.
According to another construction of rail I chamfer or incline the
sides so that it can be retained in place by correspondingly shaped lips
on the blocks, which blocks may be arranged with a longitudinal timber
between them, as before explained, or as solid blocks, into the tops of
which the rails can be pushed.
The longitudinal timbers of a pair of rails or the blocks can be kept in
guage by tie rods, bars, or shoes, which may be arranged upon the
concrete or other bottom, or be passed through the blocks and keyed as
desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Westinghouse at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd October 1871.
I, GEORGE WESTING HOUSE, junior, of Pittsburgh, in the State of
Pennsylvania, one of the United States of America, but at present of
No. 4, Clayton Square, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in obtaining motive power from an admixture
of steam with atmospheric air or other elastic gas or fluid when the
steam during its passage through a duct or way is allowed to induce
into and cause to mix with itself the said air or other elastic gas or
fluid. The said mixture is employed in prime movers or motive power
engines of any convenient construction.
My said apparatus consists of annular, central, or other jets so
arranged as to effect lateral induction of the air or other clastic gas or

page_text: fluid. If desired the said jets can be so constructed as to admit more
or less air, gas, or fluid.
When steam is employed during its passage from a boiler to a recipro-
cating motive power engine, to induco air or other gas or fluid, one or
more back pressure valves are employed.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF STRENGTHENING BUTTON HOLES AND SEAMS, CHIEFLY DESIGNED FOR BOOTS, SHOES, AND GAITERS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Caleb McKinney Talcott at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th August 1871.
I, CALEB MCKINNEY TALCOTT, of Hartford, Connecticut, United States
of America, now of No. 1, City Road, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF STRENGTHENING BUTTON HOLES AND SEAMS, CHIEFLY DESIGNED FOR
BOOTS, SHOES, AND GAITERS," to be as follows:-
The nature of this Invention consists in securing a band or cord
around a button hole instead of securing the edges of the same in the
ordinary manner, and in strengthening seams by securing a band or
cord on one or both sides of the same.
The object of the said Invention is to strengthen or support the parts
most liable to break away, and it is more particularly advantageous
when applied to materials not possessing great strength, such as fancy
leather, which being light or frail is very likely to break away at the
weak points. The strengthening or supporting band or cord is secured
around the button holes by sewing or stitching the same around the hole

page_text: a slight distance from its edges. An inside facing is used of some light
and cheap material. The seam has the cord or band secured on one or
both sides thereof as desirable. The operation of sewing on the cord is
preferably performed by a sewing machine. By this means the breaking
out of the button holes is prevented, and in a boot or shoe the liability 5
of the leather to break out at or a little above the heel is obviated,
and I thereby add greatly to the value of the goods with a very small
extra cost.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HINGES FOR PURPOSES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Gaunt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
August 1871.
I, RICHARD GAUNT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Stamper and Piercer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Inven-
tion for " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HINGES FOR
PURPOSES," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
CERTAIN
My improvements apply to the manufacture of continuous hinge
joints, such as are known as pianoforte and like hinges, which hinges
I manufacture from strips of metal cut to given widths by ordinary
appliances well known as slitting rolls, and by means of a suitable sized
fly press (to which I am enabled to apply cheap labour) I give form to
the strip by advancing it under the operation of press tools, and by
sufficiently repeating this operation with suitably arranged press tools I
bend the metal into the form suitable for the knuckle of the hinge, and
imbed the edges in such a way as to impart solidity and strength; in
which condition I cut out the intermediate parts from the knuckle for
receiving the counter flaps, which being fitted and the wire axis applied
leaves it in a condition for receiving the final planishing and finishing

page_text: process by again advancing it under the operation of the press tools,
which completes the length of hinge, with the exception of forming the
screw holes, which I perform by piercing with press tools and counter-
sinking in the ordinary way. By the means herein described for
producing pianoforte or like hinges I greatly economise the labour and
produce a better finish.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF YARNS AND THREADS TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HEALDS AND WOVEN OR KNITTED FABRICS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Hadfield at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
March 1871.
I, GEORGE HADFIELD, of Coventry, in the County of Warwick, Varnish
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF YARNS AND THREADS TO BE USED IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF HEALDS AND WOVEN OR KNITTED FABRICS," to be as
follows:-
The yarns or threads are passed through or covered with gummy
varnishes, or through other gummy, glutinous, or waterproof solutions
of any desired color, and afterwards dried and wound on spools, reels, or
beams as required; and to enable these yarns or threads to be manu-
factured into healds and fabrics I subject them to the action of heat
by passing them through heated troughs or chambers previous to their
passage through the heald-knitting machines or looms.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Priest and Allen Priest
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 8th July 1871.
We, EDWARD PRIEST and ALLEN PRIEST, of Huddersfield, in the
County of York, Woollen and Angola Yarn Spinners, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES,"
to be as follows:
―
The object of this Invention is to improve the working of carding
engines or render them capable of doing their work better than hereto-
fore, and it consists in applying a rotary stripper or card roller to the
under angle betwixt the first doffer and the swift to strip the fibre from
the said doffer and transfer it to the swift, which then takes it forward
into contact again with the said doffer where it receives additional
working. This angle stripper is also arranged so that a traverse is
given to it (in addition to the ordinary rotary motion) so as to regulate
or equalize the fibre on the card surfaces. Also the "licker" in, breast
swift, and first doffer are mounted upon slide plates or bed plates resting

page_text: upon the frame of the carding engine and capable of sliding or being
moved thereon by screws or otherwise, so that the card surfaces of the
said doffer and swift can be readily set in suitable relative positions
or in rear contact with each other, and from time to time adjusted
according to requirement.
IMPROVE-. MENTS IN TREATING HIDES OR SKINS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Anderson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
October 1871.
I, WILLIAM ANDERSON, of Inverkeithing, in the County of Fife, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-.
MENTS IN TREATING HIDES OR SKINS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention, which relates to improvements in treating the hides
or skins of animals, has for its object to avoid the use of lime in the
process of removing the hair therefrom, and the Invention consists of and
is carried into effect by substituting carbonaceous matter, such as wood,,
animal, or mineral charcoal, for the lime in the process herein-before
referred to. The carbonaceous matter is powdered or coarsely ground
and laid over or upon the hides or skins, and is allowed to soak with.
them in water. The result of this treatment is that the hairs are
loosened and the pores purified from putrescent matters.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION AND ADAPTATION OF ELECTRICAL CURRENTS TO CERTAIN PARTS OF THE BODY, AND IN THE MEANS FOR EFFECTING THE SAME
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Davies at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
December 1871.
I, JOHN DAVIES, of Buckingham Palace Road, London, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION AND ADAPTATION OF
ELECTRICAL CURRENTS TO CERTAIN PARTS OF THE BODY, AND IN THE MEANS FOR
EFFECTING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
My Invention is designed for the purpose of applying electrical
currents (known as voltaic currents) to the body in a permanent form,
and in such a manner that the means used may be portable and worn
constantly without inconvenience if necessary in order to stimulate
certain parts as desired.
The improvements consist, first, in the permanent application and
adaptation of the well-known voltaic electrical current to the feet by
means of what is called a "sock" or "inner sock," which is to be
made of paper, papier maché, india-rubber, or other suitable non-
conductor of electricity. To the upper surface of this inner sock a

page_text: series of metallic plates, ribbons, or wires is applied, arranged in voltaic
order (alternate zinc and copper, for instance), called "pairs." The "sock"
so made may either be worn between the boot and the stocking, or
inside the stocking and in direct contact with the foot, and may be
provided with a metallic sandal so connecting the voltaic pairs that
the current shall pass over the instep and around the foot, the moisture
of the feet being sufficient to maintain the voltaic action. By the
use of this application cold feet and consequent evils may be prevented.
Secondly. The improvements consist in the permanent application
and adaptation of the well-known arrangement of metals aforesaid,
called "voltaic pairs," to the head by the use of metallic plates or
ribbons in hats or coverings for the head, such plates extending round
the inner circumference and situated between the hat body and the
inner leather band, portions of which band are to be removed to allow
of contact between the voltaic pairs of plates and the head of the
wearer, this permanent application and adaptation of the voltaic current
is to be employed for the prevention of headache or neuralgic or nervous
affections.
Thirdly. The improvements consist in the permanent application
and adaptation of the aforesaid "voltaic pairs" to the limbs by means
of stockings, sleeves, or belts of webbing, within which are enclosed
the metallic plates, ribbons or wires, so arranged as to constitute
voltaic pairs, and to be in partial or sufficient contact with the
limbs or body. These stockings, sleeves, or belts are to be worn for
the prevention of cold, and for the relief of rheumatism, stiffness of
joints, mucles, &c.
I would remark that in the first instance the current should be induced
by the use of acid and water, after which the moisture of the body will
maintain the action.