IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Armand Le Comte de Fontaine Moreau,
of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, and 39, Rue de l'Echiquier,
Paris, France, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Armand
Le Comte de Fontaine Moreau at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th August 1853.
I, PETER ARMAND LE COMTE DE FONTAINE MOREAU, of 4, South
Street, Finsbury, London, and 89, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, France,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare that the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING" to be as follows:-
The Invention communicated to me consists in constructing stoves,
fireplaces, furnaces, and other heating apparatuses in such a manner
that they admit only the quantity of air necessary for the combustion,
that is to say that they allow no other air to penetrate into the interior
but that which has passed through the incandescent fuel. By this
means that air is raised to the same temperature as the medium which

page_text: it crosses, and its introduction into the apparatuses no longer causes
them to cool, as the temperature to which it has been raised is trans-
mitted to all the surfaces with which it is in contact.
Reference being had to the Drawings, and to the letters marked there-
on, Figures 1, and 2, represent a heating apparatus, in which A, is the
internal part, and B, are the bricks on which the apparatus is set. C,
is the back plate of the chimney. Some triangular spaces are managed
on the front by means of the plate and of the apparatus, and by this
last, and the back plate E, and form channels which the air travels
through, and is thus heated by the hole warmers, which spread it into
the rooms. The hole warmers are prepared on the sides or on the front
of the chimney. D, is a register serving to close at top the reservoir
traversed by the air to be licated. In Figure 2, A represents the
front part of the apparatus, and C, the aperture through which the
flame and burnt air penetrate into the apparatus.
Figure 8, is a perspective view of another apparatus, in which A,
represents a rectangular cast iron-pipe, and B, a sheet iron pipe. C, in
that Figure represents a cast iron chamber serving to receive the pipe
A, and in which fit five or six oval sheet iron pipes, two of which O,.O;
are to be seen, as in the Figure 4, herein-after described.
Figure 3, is a plan of the last Figure 3. The holes shewn by the
letters A, B, O, serve to receive the parts represented by the same
letters in the heroin-before described Figure 3.
In Figure 4, the letters of reference represent parts similar to those
shewn by similar letters in the two preceding Figures; E, being the
back plate of the chimney; F, register closing the reservoir of heated
air; G, the wall of the back of the chimney.
The two herein-before described apparatuses are constructed on the
same principle, and are placed in the chimneys of apartments. The
room they occupy is a recess prepared purposely between the back
plate and the back of the chimney. They are heated inside by
means of the flame and of the .burnt air which are introduced into
them; the external surface heats the air which the channels con-
duct in them. The air enters into the apartment at a suitable tem-
perature, and in sufficient quantity, so as to heat and ventilate

page_text: simultaneously, and to the required degree, not only the apartments
in which the apparatuses are set, but other adjoining rooms, which
it reaches by means of conduct pipes. The burnt air and flame
follow in their passage the internal form of the apparatus. In the
former, represented by Figures 1, and 2, the gas, being introduced
through the aperture G, is made to pass the internal part A, and
is educted through the upper register or opening F, into the chimney.
In the apparatus, Figures 3, 3, and 4, the flame and burnt air enter
the apparatus through the opening D, and ascend the pipe A, to reach
the chamber C. They hence descend through the small pipes into the
reservoir D, and from it are made to ascend the pipe B, and hence
into the chimney, to be discharged from it into the atmosphere.
Figures 5, 6, 7, represent a stove.
Figure 5, is a front view, in which A, is the body of the apparatus
containing the fuel, kept by means of the grate G. The bars of the
last are so disposed that the fire can be seen, and give a free passage to
the air serving to support the combustion. C is a drawer used for
receiving the ashes, which is shut as long as the stove is lighted. "
Figure 6, is a vertical section of the same apparatus. In this
Figure D, is a lid which is raised to feed the stove with fuel A. The
letters G, and C. represent, as in Figure 5, the grate and drawer. G¹,
is a grate with close bars; it serves only to let pass the ashes. All the
air supplying the fireplace passes exclusively through the grate G. T,
discharge pipe for the burnt air.
Figure 9, represents a transverse section of the stove. In this
Figure G, is a lower grato; 0, 0, 0, bottom; P, front grate.
Figures 7, 8, 10 and 11, represent stoves for ironing and for cooking.
In Figure 7, which represents a section of the stove, A', is the fuel.
B, the space traversed by the flame and burnt air. E, represents the
-cast iron plate on which the iron is placed. C, is the ash pit; D,
the lid; G, grating; Q, hole for the discharge pipe R, set above the
-stove.
Figure 8, is a .front elevation of the same stove. The letters of
-reference indicate in that Figure the same parts of the herein-before

page_text: burnt air.
Figure 10, is a plan of the same stove. B, B, represent the space
traversed by the flame and burnt air. P, is a brick partition; P¹, P¹,
sides of the stove constructed in brick; Q, partition causing the burnt
air to burn under the vessels which may be placed instead of the round
plates M, M, M"; T, discharge pipe; K, hole shewing the place of the
ash pit.. D, is the bottom.
In Figure 11, the letters of reference indicate the parts described in
the preceding Figures.
Figures 12, and 13, represent a stove chimney. A, is the fireplace;
C, the lower part of the fireplace; D, E, F, the channel through
which the burnt air passes; T, T, dogs to support the fuel; K, plate
to heat the irons; this plate is moveable, and when removed the fire is
visible as in an ordinary chimney; J, plate set in the front of the fire-
place, and forming an open grating with half of its elevation.
Figure 14, represents an English grate. In that Figure A, A, are
the hobs of the grate; G, the bars of the grate; C, the hearth for
the ashes. T, is an opening through which the burnt air escapes into
the flue.
Figures 15, and 16, represent a kitchen range. A, A, are the hobs
provided with plates, having holes for receiving saucepans or other
vessels. The hobs can be provided with an oven or a boiler as in the
ordinary kitchen grates. Under the grating G, which is solid in its
upper part, the bars in the lower part allow a passage to the air neces-
sary for the combustion; under that grating an oven can be placed.
The ashes will then fall to the right and left into the ash pit, which of
course will be lessened by the space occupied by that oven. M, M, M,
are saucepans placed on the grate and hobs. P, moveable plate set on
the front of the range and allowing the fire to be seen when withdrawn.
B, is the moveable bottom plate, shutting the aperture O', which, when
open, lets the ashes and cinders fall in the ash pit C. F, discharge pipe
for the burnt air. T, T, apertures through which the flame and burnt
air enter under the saucepans M, M, M, before getting behind the
fireplace; these pass from it into the chimney through a passage

page_text: divided into three parts by the partitions R, R. F, is a part of the
lischarge passage for the burnt air when ascending through the flue of
the chimney. O, O', vacant spaces under the saucepans M, M, M,
and through which travel the flame and burnt air, when entering by
means of the aperture T.
The mode of constructing the above-described apparatus affords a
very large saving in the consumption of fuel. They do not allow any
smell or smoke to escape.during the combustion, whatever be the kind
of combustible. Every kind of refractory fuel can be burnt, and even
the anthracite, which is the least inflanımable of all, is lighted with
facility, and gives out a very brilliant flame, however small the quantity
sot in the fireplace may be.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Peter Armand Le Comte de Fontaine Moreau
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 28th February 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
PETER ARMAND LE COMTE DE FONTAINE MOREAU, of 4, South Street,
Finsbury, London, and 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, France, Patent
Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
seventeenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and succes-
Surs, give and grant unto me, the said Peter Armand Le Comte de
Fontaine Moreau, Her special licence that I, the said Peter Armand
Le Comte de Fontaine Moreau, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Peter Armand Le Comte de
Fontaine Moreau, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING,"

page_text: communicated to me from a foreigner residing abroad, upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said Peter Armand Le Comte
de Fontaine Moreau, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Peter Armand Le Comte de
Fontaine Moreau, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof,
reference being had to the Drawing hereto-annexed, and to the figures
and letters marked thereon, that is to say:
The Invention communicated to ine consists in an improved mode of
constructing the grates of stoves for domestic purposes, and apparatus
to be employed in connection therewith.
I construct the grate of bars (cast or wrought) and fire brick. The
bars are laid horizontally, obliquely, or vertically on the sides or front
of the grate, one above the other, inclined inwards so as to permit the
free passage of air, and prevent the fuel from falling out. The receiver
is charged full with fuel, and is closed by a moveable lid at top.
This system is applicable to furnaces generally, ironing stoves, hot
plates, &c. The commonest coal can be used in it, also anthracite and
lignite.
I will now proceed to describe the mode of construction by refer-
ence to the accompanying Drawing, in which Figure 1, is an cleva-
tion of a stove for apartments; Figure 2, longitudinal section; and
Figure 3, plan of the same. A, body of the stove, holding the
fuel; C, ash pan, kept shut while the stove is lighted; G, grato,
disposed to afford a view of the fire, and allow the passage of air:
D, moveable cover to charge the stove with fuel; G', close grate,
serving for the passage of the cinders, the air entering exclusively
through the grate G; T, pipe for the passage of burnt air; 0, 0, 0,
bottom of stove; P, back grating.

page_text: Figure 4, longitudinal section of a stove for ironing and cooking;
Figure 5, elevation. A, coal box, with a moveable cover D; B, space
traversed by the flame and gases; E, the plate on which the irons are
placed; C, ash pan; G, grate; Q, opening for the smoke pipes; T,
pipe for the discharge of smoke and gases.
Figure 6, plan of the stove with the lid removed. B, B, passage for
the play of flame and gases; P, brick partition, dividing the space
B, B, into two compartments; P', P¹, brick sides; O, partition for
turning the heated air under the vessels set in lieu of the rings
M, M, M; R, opening under the fireplace.
Figure 7, vertical section through X, Z, Figure 4. Figures 8, & 9,
section and plan of a chimney stove. A, the fireplace; B, brickwork
at the back part of the fireplace; C, lower part of the grate; D, E, F,
passage for the burnt air and smoke; T, T, supports for the fuel;
K, plate for warming irons; this plate can be removed to afford a
view of the fire; J, open grating in front of fireplace.
Figure 10, elevation of a fire grate. A, A, sides; G, grate; C,
hearth; T, opening for escape of smoke into the chimney.
Figure 11, clevation of a kitchen range; and Figure 12, section
through X, Z, of Figure 11. A, A, sides of the fireplace. An
oven may be placed under the grato G; the ashes will then fall on
either side; P, moveable plate, having apertures for culinary vessels
M, M, allowing the fire to be seen when withdrawn; G, grate; B,
bottom plate, shutting the aperture O¹, which when open lets the
ashes drop into the ashpit C; F, pipe for discharging smoke ;
T, T', apertures for ingress of the flame and heated air to the parts
0, 0, under the culinary vessels, passing behind the stove into the
chimney N, through a flue divided into three parts by the parti-
tions R, R.
Figures 18, to 17, show different arrangements of hot air ap-
paratus applicable to the fireplaces above described for warming
rooms.
Figure 18, section of one form of hot air apparatus. Figure 14,
clevation of same. A, interior of the apparatus; B, brickwork under-

page_text: neath; C, plate at back of fireplace. The triangular spaces formed
in front by the plate C, with the apparatus, and at back by the
apparatus with the plate E, serve as channels for the heated air,
which enters the room through valves in the sides or front of the
chimney. D, partition at top, which encloses the heated air; C',
aperture for the ingress of llame and heated air into the apparatus.
Figure 15, elevation of another form of apparatus; Figure 16,
plan Figure 17, transverse section. A, square cast iron chamber;
B, shaft of sheet iron; C, cast iron chest, into which is set the chamber
A, and several oval sheet iron pipes, as seen at 0, 0; D, opening for
the passage of heated air and flame; D', reservoir of heated air;
E, back plate of chimney; F, partition for covering in the heated
air chamber; G, back of fluc.
These latter forms of apparatus are set in the wall at the back of
the fireplace, and are heated internally by the flame and hot air intro-
duced. Their outer surface heats the air brought in contact with it
by the pipes, and which afterwards enters the apartment at a suitable
may be trans-
temperature, and in the required amount; this heated air
mitted to other apartments by means of conduct pipes.
The draughts of hot air and smoke follow the internal structure of
the apparatus; and in Figures 13, and 15, their direction is as fol-
lows: In the apparatus, Figure 18, the gases enter through C', traverse
the interior A, and escape through the upper opening S, into the
chimney. In the apparatus, Figure 15, the gases enter the pipes
through the opening D, ascend by the chamber A, into the chest C,
descend by the small pipes O, into the reservoir D', and escape there-
from into the chimney through the pipe B.
The form and dimensions of the grate may vary according to the
required applications.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and the
manner of carrying the same into effect, what I claim as the Invention
communicated to me, and intended to be protected by the said Letters
Patent, is,―
Firstly, the construction of grates for heating apartments, and for

page_text: culinary purposes, as hercin-before described, reference being had to
Figures 1, to 12, of the Drawing.
Secondly, the construction of apparatus to be applied in connection
with the said stoves for heating apartments, as heroin-before described,
reference being had to Figures 13, to 17, of the Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Armand Le Comte de
Fontaine Moreau, have hereto set my hand and scal, this
Twenty-eighth day of February, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
L DE FONTAINE MOREAU. (L..S.)