A SELF-EVIDENT ECONOMIC BOILER, FOR HEATING WITH HOT WATER BUILDINGS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to David Davies, of Heaton Lane, Stockport, in the
County of Lancaster, Iron and Brass Founder, for the Invention of
"A SELF-EVIDENT ECONOMIC BOILER, FOR HEATING WITH HOT WATER
BUILDINGS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION."
Sealed the 25th January 1856, and dated the 26th July 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said David Davies at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
July 1855.
I, DAVID DAVIES, of Heaton Lane, Stockport, in the County of Lancaster,
Iron and Brass Founder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A SELF-EVIDENT ECONOMIC BOILER, FOR HEATING WITH HOT WATER BUILDINGS
OF EVERY DESCRIPTION," to be as follows:-
It consists in making two pan castings, the one smaller than the other, each
having flanches, the flanch of the inner pan being broad enough to extend
over the flanch of the outer pan, and so form a perfect tight joint therewith.
The space around the bottom and sides of the inner pan, and between them
and the inner sides and bottom of the outer pan, is that in which the water is
subjected to the action of the fire; the bottom of the outer pan over the fire
being in cross section concaved, or curved upward, the sides and under the
flanches forming the flue, a large amount of heating surface is exposed.

page_text: The flow pipe being large and the return pipe small in diameter, in a propor-
tion of about four to one, the result of the combination I have described is a
great economy of fuel in producing a given effect, and that, too, of a more
uniform and reliable kind.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said David Davies in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 26th
January 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, DAVID
DAVIES, of Heaton Lane, Stockport, in the County of Lancaster, Iron and
Brass Founder, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself. Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said David Davies, Her special licence that I, the said David Davies, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said David
Davies, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agrec
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A SELF-EVIDENT
ECONOMIC BOILER, FOR HEATING WITH HOT WATER BUILDINGS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said David Davies, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said David Davies, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, that is
to say-
My Invention has for its object the economy of fuel consumed in warming
or heating buildings, and depends for its action upon the exposure of large

page_text: surfaces, and small thicknesses of water to a suitable and general uniform
temperature, arising from the slow combustion of the fuel applied directly to as
large and as plain a surface or surfaces as possible, the extent and rapidity of
circulation being effected by the disposition and proportionate sizes of the inlet
and outlet pipes.
Hitherto the boilers used for warming or heating buildings have been either
of the saddle or other similar form, wherein a mass of water has to be heated,
and the circulation has to be effected in the bulk of the water, which is kept in
motion with considerable loss of heat; or otherwise the boilers have been con-
structed on the opposite principle, of exposing a series of thin columns of water
either in tubes or in some such form, which, whilst it will enable a more
rapid heating of the water to be effected, has the inherent defect of becoming
rapidly destroyed, from the action of the fire on such small surfaces of metal.
Now, my Invention consists in making a casting of the form shewn in the
Drawing hereunto annexed, whether it be a single-cored casting, or made in
two parts, viz., an upper and lower pan, bolted together by the flanches, in the
manner shewn. The curved bottom of the lower pan is concave throughout
the length of the boiler, by which greater strength is given thereto, as also a
larger surface for the fire to act upon.
The sides of the outer pan and the hollow set-off or flanch forms the return
flue, by which the flame is made to pass entirely round the sides, and impart
the greatest amount of heat to the water.
The flow pipe rising from the upper side of the flanch is made of a suitable
size, and proportioned to the size of the boiler and the length of pipes through
which the water has to pass before returning to the boiler. But the proportion
of the area of the flow pipe to the return pipe is about 4 to 1. The return
pipe being brought into the bottom of the boiler, whereby the cooled water is
again heated, and rising to the outlet or flow pipe passes through it and
circulates as before, imparting the heat due to the temperature of the water
within the pipes to the apartment through which they pass.
In the Drawing I have shewn, the inlet or supply pipe of about 2 in.
diameter, and the outlet or flow pipe 4 in. diameter, as I find these proportions
to suit the form and construction of my boiler, and the result of such com-
bination I have found to be productive of the following advantages:-1st, the
greater rapidity with which the circulation can be got up and maintained;
2nd, the economy of fuel for working such apparatus, which by experiment I
have found to be about 40 per cent.; 3rd, greater uniformity of temperature
is maintainable in the apartment heated; 4th, that there are no parts of
the boiler liable to injury from clogging, fouling, or being burnt away

page_text: from insufficient water space, disproportion of metallic parts, or from other
causes.
Having described my Invention, and enumerated some of the advantages
over other heating or warming apparatus heretofore in use, I claim the form
and arrangement of boiler and pipes as described, whether the boiler be made
in one or more parts, and whether the pipes be connected to or with the boiler,
in the manner shewn, or in any manner more convenient or better suited to
the circumstances of its application.
In witness whereof, I, the said David Davies, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, the Twenty-fifth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
Witness,
JOHN LLOYD,
176, Heaton Lane, Stockport.
DAVID DAVIES. (L.S.)