Improvements in the Method of Manufacturing Sugar into Cubes or other Forms, and in Means or Apparatus to be employed therein.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 28th June, 1892
Complete Specification Left, 13th Aug., 1892-Accepted, 10th Dec.. 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of Manufacturing Sugar into Cubes
or other Forms, and in Means or Apparatus to be employed
therein.
We, WILLIAM HANNAI, of No. 40, Rectory Grove, South Woolwich, in the
County of Kent, Foreman Sugar Boiler, and FRANCIS CURTIS, of No. 13, Muir
Street, Silvertown in the County of Essex, Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in the method of manufacturing sugar
into cubes or other forms, and in means or apparatus to be employed therein.
In preparing sugar, of the nature to which this invention relates, for the market
by the methods at present adopted, it is either moulded into loaf form, or, into
slabs, and afterwards cut up or divided into cubes of the required size by suitable
apparatus.
These processes involve great expense, and, at the same time, are productive of
considerable waste, inasmuch as the cuttings can only be sold as chips or dust, or,
require to be reworked into loaf form in order to render them marketable.
Now the object of the present invention is to obviate the necessity for the
cutting or dividing operation, by moulding the "masse cuite," directly into cubes
or other forms of the required size for the market.
For this purpose, we employ a number of rectangular frames or trays formed to
seat one within the other and we provide upon the interior of each of these frames
a number of longitudinal bars of a depth equal to that of the frame and extending
from end to end thereof.
These bars are so arranged as to leave between each of them a space equal to
the side of a cube of sugar and they are preferably fixed in position.
Extending transversely of the frame and fitting into grooves formed to receive
them in the sides thereof, are arranged a number of loose transverse bars which
are spaced in a similar manner to the longitudinal bars and, the said transverse
bars are constructed and arranged so that they may be readily fitted into position
or removed therefrom, and, for this purpose, the longitudinal bars may be formed
with slots in their upper edges, whilst the transverse bars are formed with
corresponding slots in their lower edges.
We thus obtain a mould having a flush surface, and separated into a number of
divisions, each of the area required to be given to the cubes of sugar.
A number of these frames or trays are super-posed one upon the other until a
mould of the required depth is formed, and between each frame is placed a grating
of a size to cover the entire surface and consisting of a sheet of thin steel or the
like formed with rectangular openings of an area less than that of the divisions of
the frames, and so located that they will occupy a position in the centre of each of
such divisions.
Having built up the mould in the above manner, we clamp the frames or trays
securely together by means of two bolts which pass through apertures formed at
the ends of the frames or trays, and in order to enable the number of frames or
trays forming a mould to be varied, we form one part of each bolt hollow, and
with a long female screw thread and the other part solid and with a long male
screw thread, so that we are enabled to obtain a considerable range of adjustment,
whilst the heads thereof we countersink in the frames so as to avoid any projection
therefrom.
A mould built up in the above manner is now placed upon an india rubber or
other suitable pad or a series of moulds placed one upon the other may be so

page_text: arranged, a grating being placed between each; a tundish or filler is then placed
upon the upper mould, when the mould or series of moulds may be filled with
66 masse cuite in the usual way.
When the mould or series of moulds have cooled, they are placed in a centri-
fugal machine and subjected to the ordinary process employed in the manufacture
of this class of sugar.
The frames or trays with the contained sugar in them are then dried in the
usual way.
Each mould is then unscrewed, and the frames or trays separated, the division,
between each set of cubes, formed by the grating, causing the easy separation of
the frames or tray's of cubes one from the other.
Each frame is now placed upon a table provided with a series of projecting
bars, studs or other suitable projections adapted to come into contact with the
transverse bars at points between each pair of longitudinal bars; the frame or
tray is now pressed down by any suitable means, and the resistance offered by the
projections of the table causes the loose transverse bars of the mould, together
with the sugar contained therein, to be ejected therefrom, the sugar then being in
cubes of the required form for the market without further treatment.
The frames or trays and division bars are then taken to wash tanks and are
washed and built up afresh into moulds in readiness for another operation.
In some cases, in order to remove the transverse division bars we may employ
magnets of any suitable kind.
By these means, we are enabled to dispense with the costly process of cutting
up the sugar after moulding, and we thus obtain a considerable saving in the cost
of manufacture, added to which, in the manufacture of cubes of sugar according
to our way process, there is little or no waste, whilst the cubes formed are of a
uniform size.
Dated this 28th day of June 1892.
VAUGHAN & SON,
Agents for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of Manufacturing Sugar into Cubes
or other Forms, and in Means or Apparatus to be employed
therein.
We, WILLIAM HANNAH, of No. 40, Rectory Grove, South Woolwich, in the
County of Kent, Foreman Sugar Boiler, and FRANCIS CURTIS, of No. 13, Muir
Street, Silvertown, in the County of Essex, Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Our said invention relates to improvements in the method of manufacturing
sugar into cubes or other forms, and in means or apparatus to be employed
'therein.
In preparing sugar of that kind which is commonly known as "loaf" or
"stored sugar for the market by the methods at present adopted it is either
moulded into loaf form, or into slabs, and afterwards cut up or divided into cubes
of the required size by suitable apparatus.
These processes involve great expense, and, at the same time, are productive of
considerable waste, inasmuch as the cuttings can only be sold as chips or dust,
or, require to be reworked into loaf form in order to render them marketable.
Now the object of the present invention is to obviate the necessity for the cutting
or dividing operation, by moulding the "masse cuite" directly into cubes or other
forms of the required size for the market.
For this purpose, we employ a number of rectangular frames or trays formed to
seat one within the other and we provide upon the interior of each of these frames

page_text: number of lodgitudinal bars of a depth equal to that of the frame and extending
from end to end thereof.
These bars are so arranged as to leave between each of them a space equal
to the size of a cube of sugar and they are preferably fixed in position.
Extending transversely of the frame and fitting into grooves formed to receive
them in the sides thereof, are arranged a number of loose transverse bars which
are spaced in a similar manner to the longitudinal bars, and, the said transverse
bars are constructed and arranged so that they may be readily fitted into position
or removed therefrom, and, for this purpose, the longitudinal bars may be formed
with slots or notches in their upper edges, whilst the transverse bars are formed
with corresponding slots or notches in their lower edges, or, the transverse bars
may be fixed and the longitudinal bars arranged to be moved. The object of
making one set of bars removeable being to facilitate the extraction of the
moulded sugar.
We thus obtain a mould having a flush surface, and separated into a number
of divisions, each of the area required to be given to the cubes of sugar.
A number of these frames or trays are super-posed one upon the other until
a mould of the required depth is formed, and between each pair of trays or
frames is placed a grating of a size to cover the entire surface and consisting of a
sheet of thin steel or the like formed with rectangular openings of an area less
than that of the divisions of the frames, and so located that the openings will
occupy a position in the centre of each of such divisions.
Having built up the mould in the above manner, we clamp the frames or trays
securely together by means of two bolts, which pass through apertures formed at
the ends of the frames or trays, and, in order to enable the number of frames or
trays forming a mould to be varied, we form one part of each bolt hollow and
with a long female screw thread and the other part solid and with a long male screw
thread, so that we are enabled to obtain a considerable range of. adjustment, whilst
the heads thereof are countersunk in the frames so as to avoid any projection
therefrom.
A mould built up in the above manner is now placed upon an india-rubber or
other suitable pad or a series of moulds placed one upon the other may be so
arranged, a grating being placed between each pair a tundish or filler is then
placed upon the upper mould, when the mould or series of moulds may be filled
with "masse cuite" in the usual way.
When the mould or series of moulds have cooled, they are placed in a centrifugal
machine and subjected to the ordinary process employed in the manufacture of
this class of sugar. The frames or trays with the sugar in them are then dried in
the usual way, the clamping screws being previously eased and the trays slightly
separated so as to give access to the hot air blast, the division between each set of
cubes, formed by the grating, causing the easy separation of the frames or trays
of cubes one from the other.
The clamping screws are now withdrawn and the frames or trays are completely
separated and each frame is placed upon a table provided with a series of projecting
bars, studs or other suitable projections adapted to come into contact with the
transverse bars at points between each pair of longitudinal bars; the frame or tray
is now pressed down by any suitable means, and the resistance offered by the pro-
jections of the table causes the loose transverse bars of the frame or tray, together
with the sugar contained therein to be ejected therefrom, or the tray might be
held stationary and the projections from the table made moveable, the sugar
then being in cubes of the required form for the market without further
treatment.
The frames or trays and division bars are then taken to wash tanks and are
washed and built up afresh into moulds in readiness for another operation.
In some cases, in order to remove the transverse division bars, we may employ
magnets of any suitable kind, by preference, revolving magnets under which the
trays are passed.

page_text: carried to enect, we win proceed at by the accompanying drawings, more fumy.
to.describe the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1. represents a plan of a mould, consisting of a number of trays or frames
constructed according to the present invention.
Figure 2. is a vertical longitudinal section taken on the line 1-1 of Figure 1.
Figure 3. is a longitudinal section of one of the franes or trays separately
placed in position upon the table in readiness for the removal of the transverse
division bars and moulded sugar.
Figure 4. is a similar view of the tray or frame after the removal of the
transverse division bars and moulded sugar.
Figure 5. is a similar view to Figure 4, of a portion of a frame, but with the
division bars removed.
Figure 6. is a side view of one of the transverse division bars separately.
Figure 7. is a longitudinal view partly in section of the clamping device.
Figure 8. is a plan of the grating separately, and,
Figure 9. is a transverse section thereof taken on the line 2-2 of Figure 8.
In the several figures like parts are indicated by similar letters of reference.
d. represents a rectangular frame which is formed with a flange or rim a', and
constitutes a seat so that the trays may be seated one within the other, as represented
at Figure 2.
Upon the interior of the frame a. is provided a number of longitudinal bars b. of
a depth equal to that of the frame a. apart from tlic flange a¹ and extending from
end to end thereof.
These longitudinal bars . are so arranged as to leave between each of them a
space equal to the size of a cube of sugar f. and they are preferably fixed with the
frame a.
Extending transversely of the frame and fitting into grooves a² formed to receive
them in the inner sides thereof are arranged a number of loose transverse bars b*
which are spaced in a similar manner to the longitudinal bars b, and the transverse
bars are constructed and arranged so that they may be readily fitted into
position in the grooves a², or removed therefrom, and, for this purpose, the longi-
tudinal bars b. are formed with slots in their upper edges, whilst the transverse
bars are formed with corresponding slots 6*1 in their lower edges, and, if desired,
these slots 1 may be formed V-shaped and the bars b.6* may be correspondingly
shaped in order to facilitate the separation of the parts.
We thus obtain a mould having a flush surface, and separated into a number
of divisions, each of the size required to be given to the cubes of sugar f
A number of these frames or trays a. are super-posed one upon the other as
represented more particularly at Figure 2, until a mould of the required depth is
formed, and between each pair of frames a. is placed a grating c. of a size to cover
the entire surface of the tray or frame a. and lie within the flanges a' and consisting
of a sheet of thin steel or the like formed with rectangular openings c' of an area
less than that of the divisions formed by the longitudinal and transverse bars b. b*
and so located that such openings will occupy a position in the centre of each of
such divisions.
Having built up the mould in the above manner, the frames or trays a. are clamped
securely together by means of two bolts d, which pass through apertures a³ formed
at the ends of the frames or trays a. and, in order to enable the number of frames
or trays a. forming a mould to be varied, one part d. of each bolt is formed hollow,
and with a long female screw thread upon the interior thereof, whilst the other
part d of such bolt is formed solid, and with a long male screw thread corre-
sponding with the female screw of the bolt d. so that it is possible to obtain &
very considerable range of adjustment, whilst the heads d' are bevelled to lie in

page_text: countersunk recesses a provided in the ends of the frames a. so as to avoid any
projection therefrom.
A mould built up in the manner above described and which is shown more-
particularly at Figures 1 and 2, is placed upon an india-rubber or other suitable
pad (not shown) or a series of moulds placed one upon the other, may be so
arranged, a grating c. being placed between each pair; a tundish or filler is then.
placed upon the upper tray or frame a, when the mould or series of moulds may be
filled with " masse cuite in the usual way.
When the mould or series of moulds have cooled, they are placed in a centrifugal.
machine and subjected to the ordinary process employed in the manufacture of
this class of sugar and the moulds with the contained sugar in them are then dried and.
"stoved" in the usual way, the clamping screws having been previously eased and.
the trays slightly separated so as to give access to the hot air, the division between
each set of cubes formed by the grating causing the easy separation of the frames
or trays of cubes one from the other.
The clamping screws d. are then withdrawn and the frames or trays a. are com-
pletely separated, each frame a. is now separately placed or slidden upon guides e²
rising from a table e. provided with a series of projecting bars, studs or other
suitable projections el adapted to come against the transverse bars * at points
between each pair of longitudinal bars 6; the frame or tray a. is now pressed down
by any suitable means, such as a fly or other press, and the resistance offered by.
the projections el of the table e. causes the loose transverse bars * of the frame or
tray together with the sugar contained therein to be ejected therefrom, or the tray
might be held stationary and the projections from the table made moveable, the
sugar then being in cubes f. of the required form for the market without further-
treatment.
The frames or trays a. and division bars b. * are then taken to wash tanks and.
are washed, and the parts are then built up afresh into moulds, such as that
represented at Figure 2, in readiness for another operation.
In some cases, in order to remove the transverse division bars, magnets of any
suitable kind may be employed, as above stated.
It will be evident that by a suitable disposition of the longitudinal and transverse-
bars b. the sugar may be moulded into other forms than cubes, such as diamonds,
with equal facility.
By these means, we are enabled to dispense with the costly process of cutting up
the sugar after moulding, and we thus obtain a considerable saving in the cost of
manufacture, added to which, in the manufacture of cubes of sugar according to
our process, there is little or no waste whilst the cubes formed are of a uniform.
size.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that
what we claim is:
-
1. The method of manufacturing sugar into cubes or other forms, consisting in.
moulding it into a number of layers of small cubes or the like such layers being
partially separated by a perforated grating, substantially as herein shown and
described and for the purpose stated.
2. The method of manufacturing sugar into cubes or other forms, consisting in
moulding it into a number of columns of small cubes or other forms, such cubes.
being separated from each other by a horizontal division extending partially there-
through, substantially as herein shown and described and for the purpose stated.
3. In means or apparatus to be employed in the manufacture of sugar, a frame
provided with a number of longitudinal and transverse bars, either or both sets of
which may be removable, substantially as herein shown and described and for the
purpose stated.
4. In means or apparatus to be employed in the manufacture of sugar, two or
more frames or trays provided with longitudinal and transverse divisions and.

page_text: adapted to seat one upon the other, in combination with a perforated plate or
grating placed between the same and suitable means for clamping the trays together
so as to constitute a mould, substantially as herein shown and described and for the
* purpose stated.
5. In means or apparatus to be employed in the manufacture of sugar, two or
more frames or trays provided with longitudinal and transverse divisions and
adapted to seat one upon the other in combination with a perforated plate or
grating placed between the same, and a bolt formed with a hollow part provided
with a female screw, and a solid part provided with a male screw for clamping the
trays together whilst admitting of a limited variation in their number, substantially
! as herein shown and described and for the purpose stated.
Dated this 13th day of August 1892.
VAUGHAN & SON,
Agents for the Applicants.