IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF GAS FOR LIGHTING AND HEATING PURPOSES a
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Frederick Redfern, of the General Patent Office,
"
N° 4, South Street, Finsbury, in the county of Middlesex, Patent Agent for
an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR
PRODUCTION OF GAS FOR LIGHTING AND HEATING PURPOSES a communi-
cation from Sylla Auguste Giraudon, a person resident at Paris, in the
Republic of France
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Frederick Redfern
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th October 1883.
GEORGE FREDERICK REDFERN, of the General Patent Office, No. 4, South
Street, Finsbury, in the county of Middlesex, Patent Agent "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF GAS FOR LIGHTING AND
HEATING PURPOSES" [a communication from Sylla Auguste Giraudon, a person
resident at Paris, in the Republic of France]
The invention communicated to me relates to improvements in apparatus for
producing or manufacturing gas for lighting and heating purposes by carburetting
air by passing it through volatile oils or hydrocarbons.
The apparatus is constructed of an air pump driven by any suitable motor and
serving to force atmospheric air into carburetters or closed vessels filled with
volatile oil or hydrocarbon. Two or more independent carburetters are employed
in the bottom of which open the pipes or tubes conveying the air forced therein,
the mouths of the said pipes being provided with nozzles or plates perforated with
a number of holes for the purpose of dividing the air and thus produce a more
thorough contact with the volatile oil or hydrocarbon. An air regulator or bell is
provided placed between the air pump and the carburetters and serving to regulate
the forcing in of the air. This regulator is provided with a valve which allows the
non-carburetted air to escape as soon as the production of carburetted air exceeds

page_text: the consumption thereof. A gas regulator or gasometer is placed between the
carburetters and the burners and serves to regulate the pressure of the gas.
The oils or hydrocarbons employed may be of all kinds produced from the
distillation of naphtha, petroleum, mineral tar oil, resin and the like.
A hot air motor is employed having two cylinders the outer one of which also
serves as the air pump. The inner cylinder which is in contact with the furnace
heating the air is placed in a vessel filled with water for cooling the heated air
after each stroke of the piston; the said water then passes through a conduit
provided for the purpose, to serve to reheat the exterior walls of the carburetters.
After having given up its heat to the carburetters which the evaporation of the
volatile oil has cooled, this water returns around the hot air cylinder and so on
continuously.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said George Frederick Redfern in the Patent Office on the 10th April
1884.
GEORGE FREDERICK REDFERN of the General Patent Office 4 South Street,
Finsbury in the County of Middlesex Patent Agent "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF GAS FOR LIGHTING AND HEATING
"
PURPOSES A communication from Sylla Auguste Giraudon a person resident at
Paris in the Republic of France
The invention communicated to me relates to improvements in apparatus for
producing or manufacturing gas for lighting and heating purposes by Carburetting
air by passing it through volatile oils or hydrocarbons.
The apparatus is constructed of an air pump driven by any suitable motor and
serving to force atmospheric air into carburetters or closed vessels filled with
volatile oil or hydrocarbon. Two or more independent carburetters are employed
in the bottom of which open the pipes or tubes conveying the air forced therein,
the mouths of the said pipes being provided with nozzles or plates perforated with
a number of holes for the purpose of dividing the air and thus produce a more
thorough contact with the volatile oil or hydrocarbon. An air regulator or bell is
provided placed between the air pump and the carburetters and serving to regulate
the forcing in of the air. This regulator is provided with a valve which allows the
non-carburetted air to escape as soon as the production of carburetted air exceeds
the consumption thereof. A gas regulator or gasometer is placed between the
carburetters and the burners and serves to regulate the pressure of the gas.
The oils or hydrocarbons employed may be of all kinds produced from the
distillation of naphtha, petroleum, mineral tar oil, resin, and the like..
A hot air motor is employed having two cylinders the outer one of which also
serves as the air pump. The inner cylinder which is in contact with the furnace
heating the air is placed in a vessel filled with water for cooling the heated air
after each stroke of the piston the said water then passes through a conduit
provided for the purpose to serve to reheat the exterior walls of the carburetters.
After having given up its heat to the carburetters which the evaporation of the
volatile oil has cooled this water returns around the hot air cylinder and so on
continuously.
In order to enable the invention to be fully understood I will proceed to describe
the same by reference to the accompanying drawing in which Figure 1 is an
elevation and Figure 2 a section of the hot air engine or motor employed in
carrying out the invention Figure 3 is an elevation partly in section of the
complete apparatus for the manufacture or production of gas Figure 4 is an end
view of the same. Similar letters in all the figures represent similar parts.
I will first describe the hot air engine shewn in Figures 1 and 2. This improved
hot air engine is constructed of a closed cylinder A in which moves a piston B a
small space being left between the periphery of the piston and the interior
circumference of the cylinder. The cast iron base A¹ of the cylinder is hollowed
out on its edges to allow the lower end of the cylinder B to pass during its
movement the bottom of the piston being set back. At the top of the cylinder is
fixed a rod connected to the beam C by a double guide D the beam oscillates on a
pivot fixed to the pillar E and is jointed to a moving connecting rod F the head
of which is adjusted on a crank shaft G this shaft working in two bearings carries
at one end a fly wheel H and at the other end a crank plate J On this crank
plate is fixed a pin on which is mounted a forked connecting rod K the two upper

page_text: ends of which united by a cross head work the piston L contained in the small
cylinder M the cylinders A and M communicate with one another through their
upper covers by means of the pipe N. The cylinder A is supported by the sheet
iron cone P perforated with holes p. p. its upper part is covered with water
contained in the receiver O the lower part being exposed to the flame of a gas
lamp which directly heats the cast iron bottom A¹ of the cylinder.
The operation of the engine is as follows:-
The flame of the lamp Q heats the bottom A¹ of the cylinder thereby raising
the temperature The air expanding raises the piston B thereby driving the crank
shaft G and consequently the piston L of the pump M; when the piston B has
nearly reached the middle of its upward stroke the piston L commences to descend
and sucks in the air contained in the cylinder A this suction of air having for
object to cause the hot air to pass from the part A' into the part A. In order to
be able thus to circulate this air is obliged to pass through the narrow space
between the periphery of the piston B and the inner circumferance of the cylinder A
it thus takes the form of a very thin sheet and is almost instantly cooled by
contact with the upper wall of the cylinder A which is surrounded by cold water
as herein before described.
When the piston B again descends by the rotation of the fly wheel H the
piston L forces the air in the cylinder A causing it to pass from A into A¹ through
the same narrow space above named. This air is again heated again raises the
piston is again cooled and the movement of the engine which is single acting
continues in a regular manner and without interruption!
The carburetting apparatus shewn in Figures 3 and 4 is constructed of two
or more carburetters connected together in one chamber. The object of thus
connecting several carburetters is to provide for a continuous production of gas.
If in consequence either of the exhaustion or of the cooling of the volatile oil or
hydrocarbon in one of the carburetters it is no longer in a condition to work,
another carburetter is set in operation whilst the former is refilled.or otherwise
Each carburetter forms a receiver in which the volatile oil or hydrocarbon is
introduced through an opening closed by means of a stopper of special construction
shewn in detached view in figure 5 It is constructed of an India-rubber plug
which freely enters a metal pipe soldered to the carburetter. This plug compressed
by means of an exterior thumb nut hermetically closes the opening of the pipe
and thereby prevents all loss of spirit or gas. The interior of each carburetter is
divided into several superposed compartments by means of horizontal partitions R. R.
the two or three lower ones of which are perforated with holes throughout their
surface while the upper partitions have only one hole each placed alternately on
the right and left hand side of each partition. On the top placed the escape
pipe S for the manufactured gas. It will be understood that the carburetter being
charged with volatile oil or hydrocarbon the hot air introduced at the lower part
by the air pipe T hereinafter described will be forced to pass through the numerous
holes above named and will therefore be placed in intimate contact with the spirit
in consequence of its long course. In consequence of the great evaporation thus
produced the air becomes completely saturated or carburetted. The air is injected
into the bottom part of the carburetter through the pipe T perforated with a
number of holes and is thereby divided into small jets producing a continuous
clearing from the bottom upwards.
The hot air engine is connected by means of a tube U to the air vessel V in
which the air is forced by the exterior cylinder of the machine operating as an
air pump. This vessel V communicates by means of the pipe W with the two
united ends of the air pipes of the carburetters at which point is placed a cock X
which allows the air to be passed into either one or the other of the carburetters
or to shut it off. A gas pipe Y conveys from the gas holder Z or from the outlet
pipe of the holder the gas necessary for heating the air of the motor. Two pipes a, a,
place the volume of water contained in the machine in communication with the
jacket or chamber which encloses the carburetters. The water, which becomes

page_text: heated in cooling the hot air of the engine passes round the carburetter gives up
to it a part of its heat and then returns to the motor for again cooling the hot air
and so on in a continuous manner from the engine to the carburetters and from
them to the engine.
Having thus described the nature of the invention communicated to me and the
manner of performing the same what is claimed is :-
Firstly The use in apparatus for the manufacture or production of gas of the
improved hot air engine herein before described and represented in the accompanying
drawing.
Secondly The improved carburetting apparatus consisting of two or more
carburetters hermetically closed and contained within one jacket or chamber
arranged to be employed alternately substantially as herein before described and
represented in the accompanying drawing.
Thirdly The combined apparatus for the continuous and automatic manufacture
of gas by the carburation of air the whole arranged and operating substantially in
the manner herein before described and represented in the accompanying drawing.
In witness whereof I the said George Frederick Redfern have hereto set my
hand and seal this eighth day of April in the year of our Lord one thousand
eight hundred and eighty four.
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