Improvements in Coke Ovens or Furnaces.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 30th July, 1889-Accepted, 31st Aug., 1889
COMPLETE
SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Coke Ovens or Furnaces.
I, ADAM WEBER, residing at No. 203 Second Avenue, New York City, State of
New York, United States of America, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COKE OVENS OR FURNACES," and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
In
This invention has reference to certain improvements in the construction of
coko-ovens in which the system known as the " regenerative system or principle,'
is carried out for heating the coking chamber and coking the coal therein.
this invention the combustible gases generated during the coking process are utilized,
by conducting them through heating flues to the combustion chamber and burning
them mingled with heated air, so as to produce a high temperature for carrying
on the coking operation, thus effecting a considerable saving in the consumption of
fuel by the more perfect utilization of the combustible gases given off by the coal.
By my invention I also collect all the by-products of the coking process.
The invention consists of a coke-oven, the coking chamber of which is heated in
the first instanco by fire in a furnace under the oven, the heating thereafter is
continued by the combustion of the combustible gases distilled from the coal being
coked, mixed with heated air, in a combustion chamber below the coking chamber,
said gases and air being conducted to the combustion chamber, through flues located
in the side-walls of the furnace and through a primary and second series of air-
flues, of which the former is located below the grate of the fire-plate, while the latter
is located sideways of the uppermost gas-heating flue. The air-heating flues are
heated by means of smoke-flues, located between the two series of air-heating flues,
and connected by vertical flues in the rear wall of the oven with the mantle-flue,
formed by a space between the coking chamber and the mantle surrounding the
same. The side-walls of the coking chamber and mantle are connected by dove-
tailed brace-blocks and by lateral plates connecting the skew-backs of the coking
chamber and mantle, said plates having openings and dampers at the front and
rear-ends for regulating the flow of the gases at the sides and top of the mantle-flue.
In the accompanying drawings
Figure 1, represents a front elevation of my improved regenerative coke-oven,
showing a range or group of ovens arranged side by side, partly in section which
is taken through the hydraulic main at the top of the ovens.
Figure 2, is a vertical transverse section of a range or group of ovens on lineæ, æ,
Figure 3.
Figure 3, represents horizontal sections of a group or battery of six ovens, each
section being taken on a different plane, respectively on lines a¹¹, x² x², v³ m³ x²x²,
,, of Figure 2.
Figures 4 and 5, show four vertical longitudinal sections of the ovens on four
different vertical planes, respectively on the lines y¹ y', y² y³, y³ y³, and y' y Figure 2,
and Figures 6 to 12 are detail perspective views of different shapes of flue-blocks
employed in the construction of my coke-oven.
The said letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all figures.
Referring to the drawings, A represents the coking chamber, which forms the
central part of my improved coke-oven and which is made in the nature of a retort of
blocks or tiles of fire-brick, and provided with an arched dome, also formed of fire-
brick-blocks or tiles. It is not essential that the dome should be arched however, it
may be flat. The coking chamber A is preferably charged from the top of the oven
by a supply-channel a, formed of a fire-brick tube which is hermetically closed by a

page_text: cover a¹, which is formed of a ring-shaped iron-frame lined with fire-brick, and it may
be tightly closed by a bar and fastening screws. The material to be coked is con-
veyed to the supply-channel a in cars, which move on tracks located on the top of the
ovens, as shown in Figures 4 and 5. When the coking chamber A is charged, the
channel a is closed by the cover a' and the same is then securely fastened.
The coking chamber A is surrounded at the sides and top by the mantle A¹, the
top of which is arched like the top of the coking chamber. The corners of the coking
chamber A are supported by angle-blocks A, which are placed at some distance from
each other, so as to form channels that connect the combustion chamber B, which is
located centrally below the coking chamber, with the mantle-flue formed between the
walls of the coking chamber A and mantle A¹. The side-walls of the coking
chamber A are connected with the side-walls of the mantle A by dovetailed brace-
blocks a³ a³, as shown clearly in Figure 2, and in side view in Figure 3 and 4. The
combustible gases which are generated by the coking operation, are conducted from
the coking chamber through a goose-neck pipe a, to a hydraulic main M which is
supported on the top of the oven and connected to a suitable gas-holder, (not shown
in the drawings). In the hydraulic main, the tar, ammoniacal and other products of
distillation are collected and conducted from the same to a suitable reservoir from
which they are removed for further treatment in the usual manner.
The combustion-chamber B extends to the entire depth of the oven, while the fire-
place B of the same extends to about half its length. For starting the coking
operation, the oven is heated with coal or coke, burned in the fire places B¹, until a
sufficient quantity of the combustible gases have been collected from the coking
chambers of the different ovens in the gas-holder, so as to permit the continuation of
the coking operation by the direct supply of said gases. These gases are conducted
from the gas-holder by a gas-main G, and from the same by branch-pipes G¹, to the
lowermost flue of a series of horizontal flues D, which are arranged in the side-walls
of the combustion chamber B. The flues D, are connected alternately at the rear and
front, the uppermost flue D being formed of flue-blocks DI DI (shown in Figure 10),
which are provided with lateral channels d d, that open into the upper part of the
combustion-chamber and supply the combustible gases to the same. The gases are
heated up in their passage through the flues D, and are mingled in the combustion-
chamber with highly-heated air, that is supplied through a series of air-heating flues
located sideways of the uppermost gas-heating flue D at each side of the combustion
chamber. The products of combustion pass between the blocks A* and through the
mantle-flue around the side-walls of the coking chainber and are drawn by means of flue-
openings e¹ in the lateral plates e, which connect the skewbacks of the coking chamber
and mantle-arch, and which are opened more or less by sliding dampers e³ towards the
front and rear wall of the oven and conducted over the arched top of the coking
chamber A to descending flues E, located in the partition-wall of the range of ovens,
as shown in Figure 3. The innermost damper can be operated by the introduction of
a rod having a right angle bend at its end which engages with recesses in the damper
or a projection therefrom as preferred. When once adjusted or regulated it is not
necessary to again move these dampers.
The vertical flues E are connected with horizontal flues E', which are arranged
sidewise of the gas-heating flues D and provided at their connected front ends with
sliding dampers e³. The lower flues E¹ communicate at their rear-ends with vertical
Alues E, in line with the descending flues E, which terminate in an arched channel or
take-off flue E³, connected with the chimney of sufficient height to produce the
required degree of draft for the proper working of the oven. The flues E' E' are
located between the side-walls of the combustion-chamber and the main partition-walls
of the ovens, and serve for the purpose of heating up the air that is drawn in for the
purpose of combustion through two series of air-heating flues, a lower or primary
series of flues which is located below the level of the grate of the fire place B', while
the second series of air-flues is located above the smoke-flues E¹ E¹. The lower or
primary air-heating flues F take in the air at the front of the oven and emit it

page_text: through lateral channels f, to the space below the grate, so as to supply heated air to
the fuel on the grate for producing the inore perfect combustion of the same.
The upper or second series of flues F1 communicates by top-channels f¹ in that
flue nearest to the combustion chamber, with a transverse channel f in the angle-
blocks A2, that support the corner-blocks of the coking chamber. The flue-blocks
with the channel f₁ are shown in Figures 6, 7 and 8. The transverse bottom-
channels of the angle blocks A2 are made with inclined sides for the purpose
of facilitating the cleaning of the same by means of a scraper, which is introduced
through an opening f³ in the front wall of the oven, indicated at the right-hand side
of Figure 4. The heated air passes from the channel 2 into the channels which lead
from the combustion chamber B to the mantle-flue surrounding the coking chamber,
and mingles with the gases of combustion supplied by the eduction channels d d of
the flues D D, so as to produce the perfect combustion of all the gases and keep the
outer surface of the coking chamber enveloped by a sheet of flame, so as to subject
the coal in the coking chamber to a high temperature and convert it quickly into coke.
In place of arranging the eduction-channels for the heated air at the top of the inner-
most air-flue F, and in the angle-blocks A², they can be arranged in lateral flue-
blocks F, located above the uppermost gas beating flue D, as shown in Figure 12.
By using the flue-blocks F, the combustion of the gases takes place in the combustion-
chamber directly below the central part of the retort. With either arrangement of
the eduction-channels the material in the coking chamber is subjected to a high
temperature by the combustion of the heated gases and the heated air, supplied to and
mingled with the same. The former arrangement is to be preferred when the highest
temperature is desired to be supplied to the side walls of the coking chamber, while
the latter is preferred when the highest temperature is to be applied to the bottom of
the coking chamber.
When the combustible gases are supplied, the fire in the fireplace may be discontinued
and the lower series of air-flues closed. When the coking operation is completed, the
coke is removed from the coking chamber through an opening in the front wall of the
oven, which opening is closed like the front openings of the fire-place and ash-pit by
tightly closing iron-doors lined with fire-bricks, which doors are closed by means of
bars and clamping screws, as customary in coke-ovens and gas-benches.
The operation of the furnace is as follows:
The retorts are charged with the required quantity of coal, coal dust or other
material to be coked and the fire then started in the fire-place, so as to start the coking
process. The gases generated in the coking chamber are conducted through the
hydraulic main to the gas-holder and after the separation of the by-product, from the
same to the gas-main, connecting pipes and gas heating flues located in the side-walls
of the combustion chamber into the latter. They are mingled in the combustion
chamber with the heated air supplied by the eduction-channels of the upper series of
air-heating flues. As soon as the ovens can be supplied with the gases obtained from
the distillation of the coal in the coking chamber, the fire in the fire-place may bo
discontinued. The products of combustion are conducted through the mantle flues
and descending rear smoke flues to the horizontal smoke flues between the lower and
upper series of air-heating flues, and from the same through shorter descending flues
to the take-off flue and the chimney. The smoke flues serve for heating the rear-walls
of the coking chamber, as well as for heating the air-flues and the gas-flues located in
the side-walls of the combustion chamber, so that the regenerative principle on which
my improved coke-oven is based is well carried out.
The coke-oven can be run at a considerable saving of fuel owing to the more perfect
combustion of the heated combustible gases with the heated air. Besides economy in
fuel the tar and ammoniacal and other products are obtained as valuable by-products.
Owing to the more complete, uniforin, speedy and economical coking operation of
my coking furnace as compared to others known to me and, also because of the saving
of lossage incident to other apparatus but saved by me: I am enabled not only to get
better and more results of the distillation in by-products: but also the coke produced
by my improved furnace is better than that of other apparatus per equal grade of coal.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :
First The combination of a Coking Chamber, a combustion chamber provided
with a grate, each side wall of the combustion chamber having separate series of
horizontal gas heating flues, gas supply pipes connecting with the front end of the
lowermost gas heating flue, and lateral channels connecting the uppermost gas heating
flues with the combustion chamber, and means for supplying air to the combustion
chamber, substantially as set forth.
Second-The combination of a coking chamber, a combustion chamber provided
with a grate each side wall of the combustion chamber having separate series of gas
heating flues connected with a source of gas supply, and smoke flues arranged side by
side, a mantle having a flue therein extending around the coking chamber, a rear wall
for the oven provided with descending flues, and a chimney connecting with the smoke
flues, substantially as set forth.
Third: The combination of a coking chamber, a combustion chamber provided
with a grate, the side walls whereof are provided with gas heating flues and air heating
flues located side by side, gas supply pipes connecting with the lowermost gas heating
flues, the uppermost ones being provided with lateral eduction channels connecting
with the combustion chamber, said air heating flues having also eduction channels
communicating with the combustion chamber, substantially as set forth.
Fourth The combination with a coking chamber of a combustion chamber
located below the coking chamber, each side wall whereof is provided with a series
of gas heating flues, and a series of air heating flues located side by side therein,
gas supply pipes connecting with the lowermost gas heating flues the uppermost
gas heating flues having lateral eduction channels, connecting with the combustion
chamber said air heating flues being also provided with eduction channels com-
municating with the combustion chamber, a mantle surrounding the bottom, sides
and top walls of the retort, having a flue therein, substantially as set forth. A
rear wall for the oven having a descending flue therein, partition walls between
the several ovens having horizontal smoke flues, for the product of combustion
and air heating flues above them, and a chimney connecting with the smoke flues,
substantially as set forth.
Fifth The combination with a coking chamber, of a combustion chamber
located below the coking chamber each side wall whereof is provided with a series
of gas heating flues, the lowermost ones whereof connect with gas supply pipes
and the uppermost ones whereof are provided with lateral eduction channels, con-
necting with the combustion chamber, the walls of the combustion chamber being
also provided with a primary series of air heating flues located sidewise of and below
the gas heating flues, and provided with lateral eduction channels communicating
with the space below the grate of the fire said walls being also provided with a
second series of air heating flues located sidewise of the uppermost gas heating
flues and provided with eduction channels connecting with the combustion chamber,
said walls also having smoke flues located between the primary and second series of
air flues, a mantle having a flue surrounding the coking chamber, a rear wall to the
oven having descending smoke flues, and a chimney connected with the smoke flues,
substantially as set forth.
Sixth-The combination of a coking chamber, formed of blocks or tiles, a mantle
surrounding said coking chamber and forming a mantle-flue around the same, dove-
tailed lateral braces connecting the side walls of the coking chamber and mantle, and
a combustion chamber below the coking chamber, substantially as set forth.
Seventh-The combination of a coking chamber, formed of blocks or tiles, a mantle
surrounding said coking chamber angle-blocks supporting the bottom of the chamber,
and dovetailed brace-blocks connecting the side-walls of the coking chamber and
mantle, and a combustion chamber below the coking chamber, substantially as set
forth.

page_text: :-
Eighth The combination of a coking chamber formed of blocks or tiles, a
mantle surrounding the coking chamber, lateral brace-blocks, connecting the side-walls
of the coking chamber and mantle, and lateral plates connecting the upper corners of
the coking chamber and mantle, said plates being provided with front and
openings and sliding dampers for regulating the size of said openings, substantially as
set forth.
:-
rear-
Ninth The combination of a coking chamber, a combustion chamber provided
with a grate, each side wall of the combustion chamber having separate series of
horizontal gas heating flues, gas supply pipes connecting with the front end of the
lowermost gas heating flue, lateral channels connecting the uppermost gas heating
flues with the combustion chamber, means for supplying air to the combustion
chamber, and means for collecting and preserving the by-products of the coking
operation, substantially as set forth.
1
1000