IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR REGISTERING AND INDICATING THE PAYMENT OF FARES IN RAILWAY OR TRAMWAY CARS, OMNIBUSES, AND OTHER VEHICLES, AND FOR SIMILAR PURPOSES."
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake,
& Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for the Invention of
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR REGISTERING AND INDICATING THE PAYMENT OF
FARES IN RAILWAY OR TRAMWAY CARS, OMNIBUSES, AND OTHER VEHICLES,
AND FOR SIMILAR PURPOSES." A communication from abroad by Robert
McCully, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Gentle-
man
Sealed the 3rd May 1878, and dated the 9th March 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robert Lake at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th March 1878.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR REGISTERING AND
INDICATING THE PAYMENT OF FARES IN RAILWAY OR TRAMWAY CARS, OMNIBUSES,
AND OTHER VEHICLES, AND FOR SIMILAR PURPOSES." [A communication from abroad
by Robert McCully; of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America,
Gentleman.]
The said Invention relates to fare registering mechanism or fare registering and
aların mechanism, which exhibit in duplicate on a tramway car or other vehicle
by means of dials and fingers the number of fares registered, and which may
announce each registered fare by a blow upon a bell or gong, and which may be
operated by the conductor at any place inside the car or on the platform of the
same by a single movement.
According to one part of this Invention the registering mechanism consists mainly
of a dial upon which the so-called "unit section or circle" is made to count, pre-
ferably, eighteen fares, which are registered by the next so-called "first multiplying
section or circle as No. 1. The said first multiplying circle has also eighteen
numbered divisions, and they are registered upon a third so-called "second multi-
plying section or circle" as 1. The said second multiplying circle is also divided
23

page_text: into eighteen numbered divisions, so that in all 18 × 18×18=5832 can be
counted.
Each car or vehicle is supplied with one of the above-described registers, and one
alarm bell or gong. A single dial is sufficient for the reckoning of the passengers,
and I place one such dial on each end wall inside the vehicle, and one on the outside
of the end wall at the rear platform.
The multiplying register above described, which is for the special use of the
registering clerk or other official, may be placed on the outside of the end wall at
the front platform.
The said registering and alarm mechanisin is mounted upon and operated by one
common arbor passing through the car. Upon the said arbor a tube is fitted, and
to this tube the hubs of operating lever arms are attached. The said lever arms are
coupled by a rod or bar, which is drawn down by the operator whon a fare is to be
registered.
An arm at the rear platform outside the car is provided with a hub, a short
horizontal bar, a spring, and a stopping block, all serving the same purpose of
registering one fare by the descent of the said arm.
The arm inside the car is provided with a spring pawl, which engages with a
ratchet wheel fastened upon the hub of another ratchet wheel.
Next to another ratchet wheel the said hub of the lever arm is fitted loosely on
the arbor and a collar with a pin passing through it, and the arbor forms the
end bearing of the hub. I provide the aforesaid bars with a sharp and serrated
edge. A spring pawl attached to an arm operates the last-named ratchet
wheel.
To the opposite side of the car or vehicle a case is fastened, to which a dial plate
is attached, and through which the arbor passes with a multiplying registering
mechanism upon it.
A disc or plate is by means of a hub and a pin fastened to the arbor. The hub
passes through the dial plate, and has in front of the dial a finger fastened to it.
The disc has a spring pawl attached to it, which travels over the outer cylindrical
surface of another case that encloses another ratchet wheel upon or with a tube
fitted loosely on the arhor. The said pawl has a cam plate attached to its side,
whereby it is lifted after it has moved the ratchet wheel the distance of one tooth.
The said case is provided with a flange prevented from turning with the pawl
by a notch fitted to a lug. Opposite the space the flange is provided with a pin,
which causes the pawl to enter a space, and operate the rachet wheel.
A spiral spring pawl bears upon and between the teeth of the ratchet wheel, and
prevents improper movement of the same.
A crank plate is loosely fitted upon a tube, a collar of which forms a side bearing
of the said crank plate, which is provided with a spring pawl. A case and a
ratchet wheel are loosely fitted upon the said tube.
A spring pawl travels upon the cylindrical outside surface of this case, and beconies
engaged with the ratchet wheel within which it moves, and from which it is dis-
engaged by means of a cam.
A tube encloses and loosely fits the tube aforesaid, and to it the usual straps for
the support of the standing passengers are fastened, thereby preventing the said
straps from being worn through by the movements of the last-named tube, and at
the same time preventing the straps from acting as friction brakes.
All the ratchet wheels and all the unit fingers are rigidly connected with the
arbor, and they all move at the same time; and as all the ratchet wheels are of the
same size and construction it is impossible for the conductor to sound an alarm
without registering the fare received.
In a modification of the said Invention the said registering mechanism are operated
by connecting rods from the arms of a swinging bar. I use the hand or strap rails
for arbors of the operating mechanism.
A longitudinal bar behind the hand bar protects the back of the said bar against

page_text: attempts to operate it from that side. The front of the said hand bar is protected
against similar attempts by a row of pins fastened to the roof or to a rod.
A slot in the end wall of the car or vehicle necessary for the swinging movement
of the hand bar' may be closed by a shield fastened to the bar, and moving with it,
or by a swinging shield.
When the bar is moved down it pushes the shield aside, and by a lap attached
to its bottom prevents the shield from being deflected from the car.
The strap rails are combined with an oscillating shaft to which the arms are
fastened, and which is protected by a loose revolving outer tube; and there is a rigid
centre shaft with a fulcrum tube to which the arms are fastened, and which is
protected by a loose outer tube.
The said arms are held in their normal position by means of springs enclosed in
oscillating tubes. One of the wrist pins of a connecting rod is elongated, and
extends through an end of the car into one of the tubes inserted therein, for which
purpose the said tube is provided with a straight slot. The foot of the tube is
closed and of cylindrical shape, and forms a convenient bearing upon which to rock
in the end car wall.
In another modification of this mechanism a shaft extends longitudinally between
the branch cases, and has its bearings inside of the same.
Near each bearing an
arm is fastened to the shaft, and the swinging ends of such arms are united by rods.
Connecting rods are attached to the said arms, whereby the pawl levers of the
registering and alarm mechanism are operated.
The arms are held in normal position by springs properly fastened to the car
roof. One of the rods is provided with a number of pendants or pulling rods, which
have handles or buttons at their lower ends below the car roof. A stationary cover
with means for opening or closing, or a slide enclosing and guiding the lower part
of the pulling rod may be used. The said slide may move in a tongue-and-groove
bearing, and it may be held in the case by a spring.
In some instances I use registering ratchets of unequal or equal diameters:
Between a pair of such ratchets a plate of a diameter a little greater than or equal
to the multiplying ratchet is placed, and these parts are arranged within the case
upon an arbor.
In the periphery of the said separating plate is cut a notch equal in length to
the thickness of the plate or only half equal to the same, and in this notch the pawl
enters when the unit ratchet wheel has made a complete revolution, and it is
necessary that the multiplying ratchet move the distance of one tooth.
In some cases the pawl will have a straight working end, or it may have a stepped
end or a forked end, but in all of these forms the pawl will ride upon the circular,
ridge formed by the plate, and be held free from the teeth of the unit ratchet until
it has almost completed its return stroke for taking hold of another tooth; it also
will be kept out of contact with the multiplying ratchet until the unit ratchet
completes each of its full revolutions, and then will fall into position for moving
the multiplying ratchet.
I further modify the operating mechanism of the said registering apparatus as
follows, that is to say:-The operating lever of the ratchet is kept in its normal
position by a tension spring and a steady pin, and is operated by a cord, wire, or
chain, which, after passing around guide pulleys, passes over two main pulleys,
thence over guide pulleys to the operating lever of the ratchet. Another cord or
chain attached to a lever runs in a direction opposite to that of the first cord over
pulleys near the opposite end of the car. One cord is provided with a tension spring,
and the other cord is provided with a pulling rod. To one of the eyes another
cord is fastened which passes over a guide pulley into the car below, near the
ceiling, and is there provided with a button or handle for the convenience of the
operator. To the middle eye a cord is fastened which runs over a guide pulley into
the car, and is there provided with a button, all of similar construction, and for the
same purpose as the cord fastened to the first-named eye and its connections. The
.

page_text: part of the cord attached to a lever, and which is fastened to one of the eyes,
extends to the platform of the car, and there passes over a guide pulley, and has a
button at its lower termination. The opposite platform of the car is provided with
a cord and a button, the former passing over a guide pulley, and joining the cord
attached to the lever. By the said construction the car has an operating button
at each platform, and one at each end inside of the car; and the number of the
said buttons may easily be increased to meet the requirements of the operator by
the means described.
By the arrangement of two of the aforesaid pulleys, having the lever between them,
two objects are gained; first, a connection is formed with the return cord, whereby
the indicator and gong on one end and the indicator on the other end of the car are
simultaneously and conjointly operated, the said pulleys effecting the reversion of
motion between the two cords necessary for the operation of the mechanism at
opposite ends of the car; and, second, the tension of one of these cords is applied
to both simultaneously operated levers, and thus prevents imperfect operation by
slackness of the cord.
The tension of the last-named spring must be such as not to be overcome by the
tension of the other spring on the operating lever for reasons easily seen.
By making the first cord a little short the multiplying register on the opposite
side or end from the gong will be operated in advance of the gong, whereby the
gong serves the double purpose of indicating the receipt of a fare and the prompt
registration of the same.
The herein-described register and alarm gong motion has one great advantage
over other motions, consisting mainly of oscillating rods with hand levers, which is
this, that the registering and alarm gong mechanisms may be arranged altogether
at pleasure in any parts of the car, while when oscillating rods are used to operate
them the said mechanisms must be in line with them.
I provide a case wherein the button of the third cord is enclosed. The said case
has a movable lid, which may be locked or otherwise secured, so that only an
authorized person may open the said case, and operate the button therein.
I may either protect each single button or all of them together, or groups of them
by similar means.
In a modification of the said Invention an operating cord is supported by two
pulleys, which are suitably located in a casing. The said cord is passed over suitable
guide pulleys near cach end, and is finally fastened to ratchet levers of a multi-
plying register and of an alarm gong. In this case the cord pulls in two opposite
directions by being operated midway of its tension by means of a pulling rod with
a button and an eye which encircles the cord, and may easily slide over it.
The lower part of the rod and the button may be enclosed by a inovable case
accessible only to the car conductor by means of lock or otherwise, the said case
being made to slide between suitable bearings from end to end of the car, so the
conductor may always move the case and rod to the most convenient place for
operation.
In another modification resembling that just described, where a cord is stretched
over two pulleys within moving blocks, the centre shafts of the pulleys are extended
through and beyond the enclosing blocks, and fitted into slots in the walls of the
casing, and the shafts are kept at the near ends of the slots by means of the tension
of the cord, which is fastened to an operating lever of the multiplying register and
the operating lever of the alarm mechanism. The operator's pulling cords are
fastened to the said moving blocks, and pass around stationary guide pulleys in
Jine with the said slots.
There may be one or more stationary or movable pulling cords or rods between
the pulleys for special convenience.
About midway between the said moving blocks a vertically guided button is
loosely attached to the cord in close proximity to the same, so that the operator
has to reach and pull it by means of a hook. By means of a block with inclined

page_text: surface the said hook is guided right toward the button, so that the operator
may hit the button at once with the hook without feeling his way carefully
toward it.
The relative locations of the registering and alarm mechanisms do not interfere
with the facility of their operation, as the intermediate operating parts which
connect the said mechanisms afford conveniences for operating the same, and they
are of so simple construction that necessary changes or repairs can be effected in
very short time, and with small expense.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Robert Lake in the Great Seal, Patent Office on the 9th
September 1878.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR REGISTERING AND
INDICATING THE PAYMENT OF FARES IN RAILWAY OR TRAMWAY CARS, OMNIBUSES,
AND OTHER VEHICLES, AND FOR SIMILAR PURPOSES." A communication from abroad
by Robert McCully, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America,
Gentleman.
The said Invention relates to fare registering mechanism or fare registering
and alarm mechanism,. which exhibits in duplicate on a tramway car or other
vehicle, by means of dials and fingers, the number of fares registered, and which
inay announce each registered fare by a blow upon a bell or gong, and which may
be operated by the conductor at any place inside the car or on the platform of the
same by a single movement.
In the accompanying Drawings,-
Figures 1 and 2 represent the said mechanism fastened to the ends of a car,
showing the registering dials in full,
"
Figure 3 is a horizontal central section through one of the main shafts whereby
the registering mechanism is supported; Figure. 4 is a transverse section in the
line x, x, of Figure 3; Figure 5 is a transverse section on the line 3, y, of Figure 3.
Figure 6 is a front view of one of the counting wheels with its housings and
spring pawl; Figure 7 is a longitudinal central section of the same, the wheel being
shown with dotted outlines.
Figure 8 is an elevation of the alarm bell mechanism.
Figure 9 is an elevation of a counting wheel used for a simpler registering
mechanism than shown in Figures 4, 5, 6, and 7.
Figure 10 is an elevation of a modified alarm bell mechanism.
A, A', represent the end walls of a car; B, the side walls; and C, the centre
board of the roof, which latter is omitted to afford a better top view of the
mechanism inside the car. The centre board C has a strengthening rib C' attached
to its lower side,

page_text: as
The registering mechanism illustrated by these Figures consists mainly of a dial,
upon which the so-called "unit section or circle" is inade to count eighteen fares,
which are registered by the next so-called "first multiplying section or circle"
No. 1. The said first multiplying circle has also eighteen numbered divisions, and
they are registered upon a third so-called "second multiplying section or circle"
as 1. The said second multiplying circle is also divided into eighteen numbered
divisions, so that in all 18 x 18 x18=5832 can be counted.
Any other number besides eighteen would serve the same purpose, namely,
counting the fares; but I avoid the use of the decimal counting and multiplying
system, and adopt a more perplexing system, for the purpose of thwarting any
attempt to cover fraudulent registering by interfering with the mechanism.
Each car is supplied with one of the above-described registers, and one alarm bell
or gong. A single dial counting eighteen is sufficient for the reckoning of the
passengers, and I place one such dial on each end wall inside the car, and one on
the outside of the end wall at the rear platform.
The multiplying register above described, which is for the special use of the
registering clerk of the car company, may be placed on the outside of the end wall
at the front platform.
The said registering and alarm mechanisms are mounted upon and operated by
one common arbor B, which is passed longitudinally through the car near and above s
the windows, so as not to annoy the passengers. Upon the said arbor E a tube E'
is fitted, and to this tube the hubs f, f, of the operating lever arms F, F¹, are
attached. The said lever arms F, F', are coupled by a longitudinal rod or bar G,
which may be angular or L shaped, as shown in the Drawings, and which is drawn
down by the operator by means of a hook or other suitable instrument when a fare:
is to be registered. The said bar G is kept by means of a spring G¹ against the
roof of the car, and its stroke is limited by two stopping blocks g, g', at the ends
of the car, so that the descent of the bar & upon the said blocks causes the regis-
tering of one fare.
The arm F at the rear platform outside the car is provided with a hub f, a short
horizontal bar G2, a spring G', and a stopping block g*, all serving the same purpose
of registering one farc by the descent of the said arm.
The arm F¹ inside the car is provided with a spring pawl fs, which engages with
a ratchet wheel H fastened upon the hub of another ratchet wheel H¹.
The ratchet wheel H has a pointer or dial finger fastened to it, behind which
a dial plate D¹ is fastened to a plate 1 by means of stays i. The plate I is screwed
or otherwise fastened to the end wall A, and between it and the dial plate D' the
ratchet wheel H is inserted. The two ratchet wheels H, H¹, have the same number
of ratchet teeth, and they are fastened to the arbor E by a pin h' passed through
the hub h and the arbor.
A spring pawl K, with a hammer k attached to it, is operated by the teeth of the
ratchet wheel H³, and caused to strike a gong K¹ fastened to the car.
To the outside of the end wall A a dial D² is fastened, the finger d³ of which is
fastened to a ratchet wheel H2, which is fastened to a collar L. The collar L is
fastened to the arbor E by means of a pin l.
Next to the ratchet wheel H the said hub f
on the arbor E, and a collar G³, with a pin f
forms the end bearing of the hub ƒ³.
of the lever arm F* is fitted loosely
passing through it and the arbor,
To prevent unauthorized persons from operating the bars G, G, I provide the
bara with a sharp and serrated edge g, and the conductor of the car is supplied by
the car company with a hook or other suitable tool to operate the said bars. A
spring pawl f attached to the arm F operates the ratchet wheel H³.
To the opposite side A¹ of the car a case M is fastened, to which a dial plate D is
attached, and through which the arbor E passes with a multiplying registering
mechanism upon it.
A disc or plate N is by means of a hub n and a pin n¹ fastened to the arbor E.
The hub n passes through the dial plate D, and has in front of the dial a finger d.

page_text: fastened to it. The disc N has a spring pawl O attached to it, which travels over
the outer cylindrical surface o of a case O₁, which enclose a ratchet wheel H³ upon
or with a tube P fitted loosely on the arbor E. The surface o has an open space o¹,
whereby the ratchet wheel H³ is reached and operated by the pawl O. The pawl O.
has a cam plate o attached to its side, whereby it is lifted upon the surface o after
it has moved the ratchet wheel H³ the distance of one tooth.
The case O¹ is provided with a flange O2, which fits the inside of the case M, and
is prevented from turning with the pawl O by a notch m³ fitted to a lug m in the
said case. Opposite the space o' the flange O2 is provided with a pin n², which by
bearing upon the back of the pawl O causes it to enter the said space o¹ and operate
the ratchet wheel H³.
A spiral spring pawl p fastened to the case O¹ bears upon and between the teeth
of the ratchet wheel H³, and thereby prevents any movement of the same, except
that caused by the pawl O.
Bearing upon a rim o³ and a lid o' of the case o¹, a crank plate Q is loosely fitted
upon the tube P, a collar p² of which forms the other side bearing of the said crank
plate which is provided with a spring pawl Q¹. On the other side of the collar p¹,
a case R and a ratchet wheel H* are loosely fitted upon the tube P.
The case K is rendered immovable in the case M by means of the lug m, and by
means of a notch m³ in its flange R².
The spring pawl Q1 travels upon the cylindrical outside surface r of the case R,
and by means of an opening r¹ in the said case becomes engaged with the ratchet
wheel H, within which it moves one tooth forward and from which it is disengaged
by means of the cam-shaped side on the bottom of the said case.
The ratchet wheel H is kept in position and prevented from casual moving by
two spiral spring pawls 8, 81, diagonally arranged and fastened to the bottom of the
case R. A hub or tube S loosely fitted upon the tube P is attached to the ratchet
wheel H*.
A dial plate D³ is fastened to the back of the case M with the numbers for the
single, the first multiplying, and the second multiplying mechanism upon its face.
The tube S. passes through the said dial D³, and has attached to its end and in
front of the dial finger for indicating the successive results of the second
multiplication.
The tube P projects beyond the tube S and is at its end provided with a finger
d, which serves to indicate the successive results of the first multiplication.
Beyond the end of the tube P the arbor E is provided with a finger (, which
points out the single fares.
The described multiplying mechanism and the fingers and dial plates connected
therewith are especially protected by a massive case as represented by M, and also
by being inserted in the end wall A' and covered up by a door M¹ to which no
unauthorized person has access.
I have shown the described mechanism duplicated for the purpose of registering
different classes of fares as indicated by the following inscriptions upon the dials :-
"4 cta.," "7 cts."
The Figures 9 and 10 of the Drawings represent modifications of the above-
described parts, as for instance, a ratchet wheel H³ operated by a spring pawl Q¹
without a lifting cam o², and with only one retaining spiral spring close to it, or an
alarm mechanism with a bell or gong K³, fastened to the arbor E.
A tube T encloses and loosely fits the tube E, and to it the usual straps & for the
support of the standing passengers are fastened, thereby preventing the said straps
from being worn through by the movements of the tube E³, and at the same time
preventing the straps from acting as friction brakes upon the said tube E'. The
said tube T protects also the tube E' from being twisted and operated by the hands
of mischievous persons who would like to interfere with the apparatus.
It will be seen that all the ratchet wheels and all the unit fingers are rigidly
connected with the arbor E, and they all move at the same time, and cannot show

page_text: different accounts on the dials, and as all the ratchet wheels are of the same size
and construction, it is impossible for the conductor to sound an alarm without
registering the fare received.
The general operation of my registering apparatus is illustrated by the foregoing
description of the parts.
The described mechanisms may be used to register all kinds of fares in the shape
of money, tickets, and so on, and they may be also adapted to register fares upon
railroad cars, steamboats, and similar means of transportation.
I am aware that pawls travelling upon a rigid cylindrical surface inclosing and
partly exposing a thereby operated ratchet wheel are not new. I, however make ]
the said rigid cylindrical surfaces removable from the case, and arrange the several
pawl and ratchet devices longitudinally upon the central arbor, which has the
advantage that all the parts may be removed at once from the case when
inspection is necessary.
Another advantage is, that the construction of my described pawl and ratchet
device is simplier and the addition of one or more such devices to a multiplying
apparatus would only slightly increase the thickness or height of its case, while in
the above-mentioned Patent the construction of a bottom plate of the case with
concentric rims requires more labor, and the addition of another multiplying device
increases the diameter of the caso, and thus decreases the convenient use of the
apparatus.
My Invention also comprises various modifications of the above-described
apparatus as follows :—
Figure 11 is a top view of a car provided with one of my improved registering
apparatuses, the main parts of which are exposed to view by having the car roof
removed; Figure 12 is a vertical cross section of the same in the line x, x, of
Figure 11; Figure 13 is a vertical cross section of the same in the line y, y, of
Figure 11.
Figure 14 is a sectional view in detail of the strap rail of the car, constructed to
serve as arbors of the operating mechanism.
Figure 15 is a detailed view of the swinging hand bar used for operating my
Invention.
Figures 16 and 17 are modifications of the strap rail and arbor shown in
Figure 14.
Figure 18 is a perspective view of an operating hand tool for the use of the
conductor.
Figure 19 is an end view of the car.
Figure 20 is a cross section of the car through the centre of the end wall,
exposing the tension springs of the operating levers.
Figure 21 is a detailed perspective view of one of the tubular receptacles of the
said tension springs.
A represents the upper part of a car body; B, the roof thereof; and C, C, the
registering mechanisms, which latter may be suitably provided with alarm
mechanisms.
The said registering mechanisms may be of any known construction, which admits
of their being operated by connecting rods D from the arms E of a swinging bar F.
As herein-after described, I make use of the usual hand or strap rails located as
at G, G1, G2, of the car for arbors of the operating mechanism irrespective of their
location and the location of the registers in the car. I have therefore shown on
such hand or strap rail G, close to the roof, which is one of the older arrangements,
and two, G, G, in places where they are generally fastened at the present time.
The hand rail G consists of a tube H which has an arm E permanently fastened to
cach end, and which oscillates around and upon a rigid centre shaft 1. The hand
straps S are directly attached to the tube H; but they may be protected against
premature wear upon the said tube by a suitable metal or other lining.
A connecting rod D is attached to the arm E and to the operating pawl lever c
of the registering apparatus C, and a hand rod or bar F connects both arms E and

page_text: extends through and beyond the end walls of the car, so that the conductor may
be enabled to operate it also on the platforms outside of the car.
A longitudinal barf behind the bar F protects the back of the said bar F against
attempts to operate it from that side. The front of the said bar F is protected against
similar attempts by a row of pins j in front of it, which are fastened to the roof of
the car or to a rod J running along the said bar. The pins ; are so arranged that
neither a person's finger, a cane, or an umbrella handle could be introduced between
them to operate the bar F. The conductor is therefore supplied with an operating
tool K, Figure 8, which is a hook k suitably attached to an ordinary handle, the
hook being made strong enough to easily operate the bar F when inserted between
the pins. The slot in the end wall of the car necessary for the swinging move-
ment of the bar F may be closed by a shield L fastened to the bar F, as seen in
Figure 9, and moving with it or by a swinging shield L², which has a fulcrum Pon
the car and a pin 12, upon which a spring in the end wall of the car bears and
thereby always keeps the shield L' over the slot L, as shown in Figure 10. When
the bar F is moved down it pushes the shield L aside, and by a lap L' attached to
its bottom it prevents the shield L² from being deflected from the car.
The strap rails G³, G³, show some slight modifications of construction without
departing from the principle of my Invention, G' consisting of an oscillating
shaft I to which the arms are fastened, and which is protected by a loose revolving
outer tube H', as shown in Figure 16, against improper operation, and G2 con-
sisting of a rigid centre shaft I with a fulcrum tube H to which the arms Ę are
fastened, and which is protected by a loose outer tube H¹ against improper
operation, as shown in Figure 17.
The arms E are held in their normal position by means of springs M, which are
inclosed in oscillating tubes M¹. One of the wrist pins d of the connecting rod D
is elongated and extends through an end of the car into the tube M' inserted
therein, for which purpose the tube is provided with a straight slot m. The
elongated pin d bears upon the head n of a central pin N, which rests upon
spring M. The foot m' of the tube M is closed, and of cylindrical shape, as shown
in Figure 21, so as to form a convenient bearing upon which to rock in its bed in
the end car wall. This rocking motion is caused by the swinging movement of
the pin d, and there is room provided for the extreme swing of the tube, as seen in
Figure 20.
It is immaterial if the spring M is immediately connected with the lever arm E,
or the pawl lever of the registering apparatus, or their connecting rod, and therefore
I prefer to put the spring M in the most suitable place at first, and then attach the
pin d to the most convenient part of the said levers or connecting rod.
Further modifications of the said Invention are illustrated in the following
Figures of the Drawings.
Figure 22 is a plan and partial horizontal section of a car roof provided with my
improved car registering apparatus, a portion of the covering boards being removed
to expose the mechanism, and the section being taken in the line x, x, of Figure 24.
Figure 23 is a vertical longitudinal central section of the same; and Figure 24, a
vertical cross section of the same in the line y, y, of Figure 22, looking toward the
other end of the car.
A represents the upper part of a car body; B, the car roof; and C, a longitudinal
case over the ridge of the car connected with branch cases C³. Near the eave ends
of the cases C a shaft D extends longitudinally between the said branch cases, and
has its bearings d inside of the same. Near each bearing dan arın E is fastened
to the shaft D, and the swinging ends of such arms are united, as shown, by rods e,
arranged parallel in the case C. Between the rod e and shaft D connecting rods F
are attached to the arms E, whereby the pawl levers G of the registering and the
aların mechanisms in the car below are operated.
The arms E are held in normal position by springs e¹, properly fastened to the
car roof. The rod e is provided with a number of pendants or pulling rods H,
which have handles or buttons h at their lower ends below the car roof. The said
•

page_text: buttons may be free or inclosed, and in the latter case a stationary cover I with
means for opening or closing may be adopted, or a slide J inclosing and guiding the
lower part of the pulling rod, which, like a table drawer, fits into a casing K at the
end of the car. The said slide J may move in a tongue-and-groove bearing j, as
seen in Figure 24, and it may be held in the case K by a spring k fastened to the
bottom thereof. The rod D may be protected against unlawful operation by an
inclosing tube D¹ loosely fitted upon it.
In case that no intermeddling is to be feared the buttons h may all be exposed.
They may also be hung so high as to be reached only by an instrument in the
hands of the conductor, thereby affording a limited protection against unlawful
interference.
The cases I may be so locked that they can be very quickly opened and relocked
with a special key in the hands of the conductor, and a similar mode of securing
the slide J to the case K may be adopted.
The slide J is especially adapted for cars, which are often crowded to their utmost
capacity, and where the conductor, slowly wending his way through a car filled
with passengers, pulls the said slide along step by step, and so keeps the operating
buttons always within his reach.
I have shown two rods e for registering two different kinds of fares; but any
number of rods e and rods D with arms E may be so arranged in the cases C, C₁,
that they may be worked single, each for the registration of a special class of
fare.
The cases C, C, are constructed with a view to economy; otherwise the whole
mechanism above the roof might be protected by one single case.
When stationary, cases I are used to protect the buttons h; the car roof B is not
slotted as it has to be when a slide J or a sliding case is used.
In Figures 25, 26, 27, and 28, I have shewn a face view and transverse section,
and an edge view and transverse section of a pawl and ratchet apparatus.
The registering ratchets E, F, are of unequal or equal diameter, and have teeth of
the same or different depths. Between a pair of such ratchets a plate G of a
diameter a little greater than or equal to the multiplying ratchet E is placed, and
these parts E, F, G, are arranged within the case upon an arbor H in the usual
manner.
In the periphery of the separating plate G is cut a notch equal in length to the
thickness of the plate, or only half equal to the same, as shown in the Drawings,
and in this notch the pawl m enters when the unit ratchet wheel has made a
complete revolution, and it is necessary that the multiplying ratchet move the
distance of one tooth.
In some cases the pawl will have a straight working end, as in Figure 26, or it
may have a stepped end or a forked end, as in Figure 28, these forms being given
according to the mode of notching the separating plate G; but in all of these forms
the pawl will ride upon the circular ridge formed by the plate G, and be held free
from the teeth of the unit ratchet until it (the said pawl) has almost completed its
return stroke for taking hold of another tooth. It also will be kept out of contact
with the multiplying ratchet until the unit ratchet completes each of its full
revolutions, and then will fall into a position for moving the multiplying ratchet.
The hand lever of the machine is connected with the registering and alarm
mechanism in any suitable manner, and on its under side is placed and rigidly
fastened a punch of the form of a heart, or the letter A, or the number 1, or any
other symbolical character. This punch works through a die of corresponding form
, set in the top of the case over the chamber.
Any character found on charts used by conductors, or any letter of the alphabet,
or any number, may be adopted either singularly or in combination for the form of
the punches, those shown being given as an illustration of the principle.
I further modify the operating mechanism of the said registering apparatus as
shewn in Figures 29 to 36.
• Figure 29 is a top view of a car to which my improvements are adapted, and of

page_text: which, for the purpose of full exhibition of said improvements, a greater portion of
the roof has been removed.
Figure 30 is a vertical longitudinal section through the top part of the car, and
in the line x, x, of Figure 29, taken in the direction of an arrow 1.
Figure 31 is a similar section, indicated by line y, y, in Figure 29 and arrow 2.
Figure 32 is a similar section, indicated by line z, z, in Figure 29, and looking
in the direction of an arrow 3.
Figure 33 is a vertical transverse section of the car, indicated in Figure 29 by
line w, w, and looking in the direction of arrow 4.
Figure 34 is a vertical transverse section of the car, indicated by Figure 29 by
line v, v, and looking in the direction of an arrow 5.
Figure 35 is a perspective diagram, showing the arrangement of cords and
pulleys.
Figure 36 is a perspective view of an operating hook in connection with a
tension spring.
A represents the upper part of a car body; B, the car roof; and C, a longitudinal
casing placed upon the ridge and containing the main part of the operating
mechanism.
D, D', D, Figure 33, are ratched wheels of registering apparatuses; and E, E', Eº,
Figure 34, are ratched wheels of registering and alarm apparatuses, here represented
as being next to each other; but this is not an arrangement of necessity, as I
intend to have the said registering and aların mechanisms arranged in different
places of the car where they may be most conveniently inspected by all passengers.
The operating lever F of the ratchet D is kept in its normal position by a tension
spring Gand a steady ping, as seen in Figure 33, and is operated by a cord, wire, or
chain H, which after passing around a number of guide pulleys I passes over two
main pulleys J, J, thence over the guide pulleys 1, 12, to the operating lever K of
the ratchet E. Another cord or chain H¹ joins the lever K, and runs in a direction
opposite to that of the cord H over guide pulleys I, 1, up to a pulley L, and thence
to another pulley L' near the opposite end of the car. Between the pulleys J, J',
the cord H. is provided with a tension spring K. Between the pulley's L, L', the
cord H is provided with a pulling rod L2 having eyes 1, 1, 12, to the extreme ones
and, of which the cord H₁ is fastened. To the eye another cord H² is
fastened, which passes over a guide pulley L³ into the car below near the ceiling,
and is there provided with a button or handle for the convenience of the operator.
To the middle eye la cord H³ is fastened, which runs over a guide pulley L* into
the car,
and is there provided with a button h, all of similar construction, and for
the same purpose as the cord H² and its connections.
The part of the cord H', which is fastned to the eye 12, extends to the platform
of the car and there passes over a guide pulley L, and has a button h at its lower
termination. The opposite platform of the car is provided with a cord H* and a
button h, the former passing over a guide pulley L, and joining the cord Hat ²,
as seen in Figure 35. By the said construction the car has an operating button h at
each platform, and one at each end inside of the car, and the number of the said
buttons may easily be increased to meet the requirements of the operator by the
means described.
By the arrangement of the pulleys I, I, having the lever K between them, two
objects are gained, first, a connection is formed with the returu cord H. whereby the
indicator and gong on one end, and the indicator on the other end of the car are
simultaneously and conjointly operated, the pulleys I, I³, effecting the reversion of
motion between the cords H, H', necessary for the operation of the mechanism at
opposite ends of the car; and second, the tension of the cord H is applied to both
simultaneously operated levers, and thus prevents imperfect operation by slackness
of the cord. The tension of the spring K must be such as not to be overcome by
the tension of the spring G on the lever F for reasons casily seen.
By making the cord E a little short the multiplying rogister on the opposite side

page_text: or end from the gong will be operated in advance of the gong, whereby the gong
serves the double purpose of indicating the receipt of a fare, and the prompt regis-
tration of the same.
The use of a tension spring X, as described, is not absolutely necessary for the
successful operation of my improved register and alarm gong motion; but it is very
useful and desirable for the reasons above stated.
The described register and alarm gong motion has one great advantage over other
motions, consisting mainly of oscillating rods with hand levers, which is this, that the
registering and alarm gong mechanisms may be arranged altogether at pleasure in
any parts of the car, while when oscillating rods are used to operate them the said
mechanisms must be in line with them.
In Figure 30 I have shown a case C', wherein the bottom h of the cord H is
enclosed. The said case C¹ has a movable lid c¹, which may be locked or otherwise
secured so that only an authorized person may open the said case C¹ and operate
the button therein.
1 may either protect each single button or all of them together, or groups of them
by similar means.
In Figures 29, 31, 33, 34, I have shown a modification wherein an operating
cord M is supported by two pulleys m, which are suitably located in the casing C.
The said cord M is passed over suitable guide pulleys N near each end, and is finally
fastened to the ratchet levers F' of a multiplying register, and K' of an alarm gong.
In this case the cord M pulls in two opposite directions by being operated midway
of its tension by means of a pulling O rod with a button h, and an eye o³, which
encircles the cord M, and may easily slide over it.
The lower part of the rod O and the button h may be enclosed by a movable casc
P accessible only to the car conductor by means of lock or otherwise, the said case
P being made to slide between suitable bearings from end to end of the car, so the
conductor inay always move the case P and rod O to the most convenient place for
operation.
In another modification, shewn in Figures 29, 32, 33, 34, a cord M is stretched
over two pulleys m within moving blocks M¹. The centre shafts m' of the pulleys
m are extended through and beyond the enclosing blocks, and fitted into slots m³ in
the walls of the casing C, and the shafts m¹ are kept at the near ends of the slots
m² by means of the tension of the cord M, which is fastened to the operating lever
F of the multiplying register, and the operating lever K2 of the alarm mechanism:
The operator's pulling cords M2 are fastened to the blocks M', and pass around
stationary guide pulleys m³ in line with the slots m². There may be one or more
stationary or movable pulling cords or rods between the pulleys m for special
convenience.
About midway between the blocks M¹ a vertically guided button n is loosely
attached to the cord M in close proximity to the same, so that the operator has to
reach and pull it by means of a hook n³, as represented in Figure 36. By means
of a block n' with inclined surface, the said hook n is guided right toward the
button n, so that the operator may hit the button at once with the hook without
feeling his way carefully toward it. The button n of one of the cords M2 is also
shown so far above the roof of the car as to be beyond reach, and therefore
must also be operated with the book n³, which may be guided by similar means to
facilitate the operation of the button.
With my improved operating mechanism, I am enabled to provide a car with a
greater number of fare registers and alarms than with any other operating
mechanism known and used at the present time.
The relative locations of the registering and alarmı mechanisms do not interfore
with the facility of their operation, as the intermediate operating parts which
connect the said mechanisms affords conveniences for operating the same, and they
are of so simple construction, that necessary changes or repairs can be effected in
very short time, and with small expense.

page_text: Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent, and the manner of performing the same, I wish it understood
that I claim for the purposes above specified,-
First. In a tramway car or other vehicle, the combination of a number of
registering devices arranged in different places, and for the convenient inspection of
the passengers, the said registering devices being operated by one common central
arbor, and by one single movement of the same, and the said central arbor con-
stituting the usual hand or strap rail of the car, as above set forth.
Second. The arbor E supporting the operating arms in combination with the
registering and alarm mechanism and with the bar G, the spring pawl and the
ratchet wheel H, as above set forth.
Third. The combination of the plate N having a pawl O, the case O¹ fitted in the
other case and kept from revolving therein, and having a space o' in its surface o,
the pin n², and the ratchet wheel H³, as above set forth.
Fourth. In a registering apparatus having a stationary indicating plate with
hands or pointers, the central arbor with a revolving disc and spring pawl O,
having a cam at its side whereby it is lifted out of the space of the case O¹, and out
of the teeth of the ratchet wheel, as above set forth.
Fifth. The tube T in combination with the oscillating tube and the revolving
arbor as above set forth.
Sixth. In a registering apparatus having a stationary indicating plate with hands
or pointers, the ratchet wheel H³ having a spring pawl pivoted to a plate operated
by the central arbor in combination with the case R, having a space in its surface
and the ratchet wheel H, as above set forth.
Seventh. The guard or equivalent upon the bar G for the purpose of preventing
the operation of the said bar by unauthorized persons, as set forth.
Eighth. The apparatus, illustrated in Figures 1 to 10 of the Drawings, consisting
of the parts constructed and combined, as shewn in these Figures, or as modified in
the other Figures, and operating as above set forth.
Ninth. In a car or other vehicle, the combination of alarm and registering
mechanisms having their own independent fulcrums with mechanism which operates
the same, and has as its fulcrum the usual hand rail or strap rail of the car, as
abovo set forth.
Tenth. The combination of parts comprising the swinging operating bar F, the
guard pins, the guard bar, the slot, and a shield for closing the said slot, the lap L³,
and the swinging shield, as above set forth.
Eleventh. The combination of parts comprising the oscillating slotted tube M',
the spring and the pin of the operating mechanism, the arbor I, the tube, the arms,
and the cylindrical bearing m', as above set forth.
Twelfth. In a car or other vehicle, the combination of two or more registering
devices arranged in different places for the convenient inspection of the passengers,
the said registering devices being operated by one common arbor and by one single
movement of the same, as above set forth.
Thirteenth. In a car or other vehicle, the combination of a number of registering
devices arranged at different points with one alarm, the said registering devices and
alarm being operated by one common arbor, and by a single movement of the same,
as above set forth.
Fourteenth. A fare registering and alarm apparatus, baving its operating
mechanism secured above the roof of the car or vehicle, and having its operating
pendants below the roof of the same, as above set forth.
Fifteenth. The cases C, C₁, in combination with the rods D and e, the arms, the
pulling rods, and the connecting rods, as above set forth.
Sixteenth. The slide J having a stationary case and sliding pendants, as above
set forth.
Seventeenth. The combination of the intermediate notched plate, with the
registering wheels and the reciprocating pawl, so arranged that the pawl rides upon
the rim of the notched plate, and is held in relief from the teeth of the ratchets in

page_text: its back strokes, until each of its back movements is nearly completed and kept
from contact with the teeth of the multiplying ratchet, until the unit ratchet has
made a complete revolution, as above described.
Eighteenth. In a tramway car or other vehicle, the combination of an alarm gong
and fare registering mechanism, and the mechanism for operating the same, con-
sisting of a main reverse or double-acting cord applied upon pulleys, and provided
with appropriate pendants, whereby with one pull of the operator's hand on either
of the pendants, the said alarm gong and fare registering mechanism at different
parts of the car are simultaneously operated, as above set forth.
Nineteenth. The case C containing the main operating cords, and the parts
instrumental for operating the said main cords by hand, as above set forth.
Twentieth. In a tramway car or other vehicle, the combination of two or more
sets of alarm and fare registering mechanisms for the indication and registration of
fares of different character and value and operating mechanism, consisting of two or
more main reverse or double-acting cords, having appropriately and relatively
located pendants for simultaneously operating any one of said sets of mechanism
from any one place in the said car, as above set forth.
Twenty-first. In a car or vehicle provided with fare registering and alarm gong
mechanisms, the combination of the cords, guide pulleys, and levers, and the com-
bination of the cord, the levers, and the movable pulling rod, as abovo set forth.
Twenty-second. The sliding case inclosing the lower extremity of the pulling rod,
and arranged to afford protection to the operating button or buttons, as above set
forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Ninth day of September, in the year of our Lord One