matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR RECORDING THE NUMBER OF PASSENGERS USING VEHICLES AND THE FARES PAID THEREFOR, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR RECORDING THE QUANTITY OF LIQUID PASSED THROUGH A PUMP
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Hartley and James Greenhough
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th September 1877.
GEORGE HARTLEY and JAMES GREENHOUGH, both of Bradford, in the County of
York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR RECORDING
THE NUMBER OF PASSENGERS USING VEHICLES AND THE FARES PAID THEREFOR,
APPLICABLE ALSO FOR RECORDING THE QUANTITY OF LIQUID PASSED THROUGH A
PUMP."
This Invention consists,-
Firstly. In the use and employment of mechanism whereby the number of persons
who have paid their fare for the use or hire of a vehicle and the amount paid may
be correctly registered. The apparatus we employ consists of a spindle having
worms and wheels thereon working in conjunction with other wheels, on the spindle
of which is also a ratchet wheel. The person using such vehicle having paid his
fare presses his finger on a knob, which actuates a spring and catch operating the
said ratchet wheel, at the same time striking a bell, and the finger indicates on a
dial the number of times the knob has been pressed, each pressure representing a
given amount or the number of persons travelled. The whole of the "tell tale
apparatus, with the exception of the knob and dial, is enclosed in a box so that the
working parts cannot be tampered with.
"
Secondly. The Invention consists in the use and employment of mechanism
whereby the quantity of liquid passing through a pump of a given "lift" may be
correctly registered, being more particularly applicable to beer engines. The appa-
ratus we employ is constructed similarly to the one above described, the piston or
other moving part of the pump operating a lever which actuates the catch and
ratchet wheel and indicator.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRENGEL PUMPS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Wilson Swan and Charles
Henry Stearn at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th
June 1877.
JOSEPH WILSON SWAN, of Newcastle, in the County of the same Town, Cheinist,
and CHARLES HENRY STEARN, of Rock Ferry, in the County of Cheshire,
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRENGEL PUMPS."
The sprengel air pump as hitherto constructed involves the use of a column of
mercury in the fall tube inconveniently long, entailing a proportionately high lift
of mercury from the lower to the upper reservoir, and a cumbrous and fragile
apparatus. Our Invention obviates these defects in the following manner:-
The pressure in the upper and lower receivers is reduced by means of an auxiliary
air pump or aspirator to any desired point; thus the length of the fall tube can be
reduced so as to render the instrument convenient and portable. The mercury is
transferred from the lower to the upper reservoir by attaching the latter to a flexible
tube and a sliding block, or by having both receivers working on a ground glass
centre so that their relative positions may be reversed. The fall tube may be either
single or multiple, and the instrument may be furnished with all the usual auxiliary
apparatus for lubricating with acids and measuring the progress of the exhaustion.
The essential feature of the Invention claimed by this Provisional Specification
is, the reduction of pressure on the reservoirs of mercury by the preliminary
exhaustion with the auxiliary pump or aspirator.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CRUSHING AND DIS- INTEGRATING MINERALS, SUCH AS COAL, LEAD, AND COPPER ORES, AND OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Coulson and William
Henderson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd May
1877.
MATTHEW COULSON and WILLIAM HENDERSON, of Spenny Moor, in the County
of Durham, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CRUSHING AND DIS-
INTEGRATING MINERALS, SUCH AS COAL, LEAD, AND COPPER ORES, AND OTHER
SIMILAR SUBSTANCES.”
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for crushing and
disintegrating minerals, such as coal, lead, and copper ores, and other similar
substances so as to effect these operations in a far. more efficient and economical
manner than has hitherto been practicable.
Our improvements consist of one or more rollers made of cast or wrought iron or
steel, chilled or otherwise, or of wood, having either plain, toothed, fluted, or
checkered surfaces, such roller or rollers being conveniently arranged so as to work
into a concave or segmental jaw or jaws made of any of the before-mentioned
materials, and provided with suitable surfaces, either plain or otherwise.
The crushing rollers may be of any convenient form, as also the corresponding jaw
or jaws, and the whole of the machinery is mounted on a suitable framework, such
framework being made adjustable by a suitably combined arrangement of screws
and india-rubber, or other suitable springs or levers and balance weights, so that the
coal or other material may be crushed to any required size; such rollers receive
motion from a main shaft driving suitable gearing, and they are so arranged as to
work either within or outside of a series of suitable secondary plates or cylinders,
formed either plain or otherwise, which plates or cylinders may either be made
entire or formed in segments, arranged either vertically, horizontally, or otherwise,
and either stationary or movable, as most convenient.
By means of this improved combination of machinery the operation of crushing
or disintegrating is formed in a far more rapid and economical manner than
hitherto.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTRIDGES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Christie at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th January 1877.
HENRY CHRISTIE, of 5, Elgin Road, Kensington Park, in the County of Middlesex.
" IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTRIDGES."
This Invention relates,―
Firstly. To a special formation of cartridge with shot combined, to be used in
connection with guns, preferably smooth bore guns.
Secondly. To a special formation of a cartridge or bag as a powder holder without
the shot, in or by which the full force of the explosion can be exerted upon or against
an appliance fitted in the cartridge or bag, and for obtaining the spinning action of
the shot through the air, the start of the spin being given to the shot while in the
bore.
According to my Invention I fit or otherwise form to the base of a shot a three
winged or vaned tail piece, the vanes being arranged to receive between them the
charge of powder by which the shot has to be forced out of the gun. The vanes
with the powder within them are surrounded with paper, flannel, or other fabric, to
serve as an envelope like an ordinary cartridge.
The vanes may be of twisted or spiral shape or straight to suit the kind of gun
they are intended to be used with.
The shot can be dispensed with in the cartridge, and then the appliance with the
powder can be fitted in the gun by itself and independent of the shape or form of
shot.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN COWLS FOR CHIMNEYS AND FLUES, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE EXTRACTION OF FOUL AIR FROM SEWERS OR MINES OR OTHER PLACES REQUIRING VENTILATION
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Williams at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th January 1877.
JOSEPH WILLIAMS, of Oldbury, in the County of Worcester, Engineer. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN COWLS FOR CHIMNEYS AND FLUES, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE
EXTRACTION OF FOUL AIR FROM SEWERS OR MINES OR OTHER PLACES REQUIRING
VENTILATION."
This Invention consists of a tube of any desired size fitted with a revolving cap
or hood furnished with a fan; this revolving hood is supported by a spindle
working in a stepped bearing from a rod inside the outer tube. The hood has a
tubular mouth at right angles with the cowl, and also contains a funnel, open at the
back of the hood, and the small end of which projects into the mouth of the hood,
so that as the hood by means of the fan follows the action of the wind a draught is
drawn through the funnel, and thus the smoke or foul air is extracted. By employing
steam, gas, or air under pressure the hood with its fan and funnel may be employed,
on furnaces to render them smoke consuming.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOP VALVES ACTUATED BY REVOLVING SPINDLES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Law at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th January 1877.
"
HENRY LAW, Civil Engineer, of No. 18, Adam Street, Adelphi, in the County of
Middlesex. IMPROVEMENTS IN STOP VALVES ACTUATED BY REVOLVING SPINDLES."
In stop valves, which are opened and closed by a revolving spindle, as they are
usually constructed, there is nothing external to the valve to indicate the position
of the valve itself, namely, whether the valve is closed, wide open, or only par-
tially so, from which circumstance much inconvenience and many accidents result.
The object of my Invention is to remedy this defect, which I effect in the
following manner, namely, I attach to the upper part of the revolving spindle by
which the valve is actuated a toothed wheel in such a manner that the two must
revolve together, and I have another toothed wheel, having one tooth, more or less,
than the first one, which revolves loosely upon the spindle; both these wheels are
so arranged as to work in gear with another small wheel or pinion, which runs
loosely upon its axle. The result of this arrangement is that for every revolution
of the valve spindle one of the two wheels changes its position relatively with the
other by the angular space of one tooth; and consequently that by properly
adjusting the number of the teeth in accordance with the number of revolutions of
the spindle required to open the valve fully, and by having marks upon the wheels,
or on discs connected with them, to show at any moment such relative position;
the exact position of the valve itself is always seen by mere inspection.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TICKET GUARDS OR HOLDERS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Antonio Tremeschin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th November 1877.
ANTONIO TREMESCHIN, of Vicenza (Italy), and of 21ª, Frith Street, Soho Square,
in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TICKET GUARDS OR HOLDERS."
My Invention relates to an improvement in ticket guards or holders, by means
of which a ticket of any kind is securely held and retained, and is carried out in
the following manner :-A small box is made of any suitable material, of metal by
preference, opened on two opposite sides in such a manner as to allow a railway or
other ticket to slide through it. Inside the box a spring with a point is so arranged
as to effectually hold the ticket.
When passed inside the box, the spring is actuated from the outside of the box
by means of a stud, and caused to release the ticket when it is necessary to take
it out.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GIVING ALARM IN CASE OF FIRE OR BUR- GLARIES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Wilson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th December 1877.
MATTHEW WILSON, of Leadenhall Street, in the City of London, Merchant.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GIVING ALARM IN CASE OF FIRE OR BUR-
GLARIES."
This Invention consists of a novel arrangement of mechanism whereby an alarm
can be readily given in case of thieves, fire, or other similar cause or purpose.
The apparatus consists of a drum or barrel, in which is a mainspring. On the
periphery of the drum or barrel are teeth. This drum or barrel is fixed in a box or
outer frame, on the inner side of which are fixed steel or other suitable metal plates,
tapering towards the ends. The ends or points of these plates work against the teeth
on the periphery of the drum.
The spring is set in motion by means of a catch working in the teeth of a ratchet
wheel attached to the axis of the drum or barrel, so that as soon as the catch is
released the drum or barrel revolves at a great velocity, and the teeth on its periphery
striking against the ends of the plates causes a very powerful alarm to be given,
resembling the noise of a rattle.
This Invention may be actuated in many ways, according to the position in which
the alarm is to be placed, by means of pulls, or treads, or wires.
Sometimes I may prefer to adapt the usual clockwork arrangements of weight to
actuate the apparatus in lieu of the above spring, the great advantage of this Inven-
tion being its simplicity and portability, and the peculiar and loud sound which the
alarm will give.
The apparatus may be so constructed that the alarm may be continued by means
of clockwork or other mechanical arrangements desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Dan Beaumont and John Edward
Tate at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th December
1877.
DAN BEAUMONT, of Longwood, near Huddersfield, in the County of York,
Manufacturer, and JOHN EDWARD TATE, of Golcar, in the said County, Power Loom
Tuner. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
This Invention relates to means or apparatus for disconnecting or throwing_out
of
gear the picking mechanism of looms for weaving, so that when, by reason of an
ond of weft breaking or other cause, the weaver has to stop the loom and alter the
position of the slay or need, he can do so without operating the picking stick and
shuttle. For this purpose we mount the picking levers in moveable bearings, and
connect them with other levers in such manner that the operator by pressing with
his foot on the last-named lever, and operating suitably arranged cams or tappets,
can remove the picking levers out of contact with the treading cans or tappits, so
that these cams or tappets are free to revolve without affecting the said picking
levers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Allen at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd January 1877.
MICHAEL ALLEN, of Hull, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
BOILERS."
This Invention has for its objects improvements in the construction of steam
boilers of any form externally, but only applies to those that have their furnaces
and tubes or flues inside the shell of the boiler.
The Invention particularly applies to the ordinary circular marine boiler as used
for high-pressure compound engines, and consists of a false bottom attached to the
sides of the furnaces and shell of boiler below the level of fire-bars. The com-
bustion chamber to be reduced in depth to the same level, and the bottom of
combustion chamber to be carried to shell of boiler, all the combustion chambers
being joined together in the same manner, so as to form a complete water-tight
division. The upper part of the boiler or steam space is connected to the bottom
of the boiler by suitable pipes either internally or externally, and another pipe or
pipes connect the bottom of boiler to a steam chest on top of boiler, or in other
convenient position. The steam chest has a pipe connecting it with the water in
the boiler, and this pipe is carried considerably below the level of the water in the
boiler.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING, « TWISTING, OR DOUBLING FIBROUS MATERIALS."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Clayton Mewburn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th January 1877 A communication
fiom abroad by John Perry, of Lannoy, Noid, Fiance
JOHN CLAYTON MEWBURN, of 169, Fleet Sticet, in the City of London, Patent
Agent and Consulting Engineer
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING,
«
TWISTING, OR DOUBLING FIBROUS MATERIALS."
In spinning and twisting or doubling machinery small weighted cords are
generally employed which more or less embrace the lower flange or base of the
bobbins As the thread accumulates it is necessary to increase the contact of the
coids with the bobbins, and this is done by advancing the colds the distance of one
01 more notches in a fixed bar, this mode is troublesome and objectionable, because
the attendant may advance the cords too much or forget to do it, and in either caso
the thread is very liable to break Now the present Invention consists in the em-
ployment on a fixed longitudinal bar of as many brakes in the form of metallic
springs as there are bobbins in the machine, each of these spring brakes acts
against the lower flange or base of the corresponding bobbin
Their pressure upon
the bobbins is regulated, in the first instance, by incans of sciews, which secure them
to the longitudinal bar, the position of the sciews being adjustable in slots in the
bai, and when once regulated the parts do not requne to be touched
This is a
great advantage Another advantage is that the thread is wound tighter on the
bobbin, which will therefore contain more thread, a duect consequence being that
there will be less liftings or takings off, time will thus be saved, or in other words
there will be increased production
The attendant, being less occupied when this Invention is employed, can attend
to two machines.
ELEVATORS FOR STRAW, HAY, CORN, AND SUCH LIKE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gatward at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th June 1877.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
JOHN GATWARD, of Hitchin, in the County of Hertford.
ELEVATORS FOR STRAW, HAY, CORN, AND SUCH LIKE SUBSTANCES."
The object of this Invention is to retain as nearly as possible one vertical line of
delivery as the height of the stack increases, without interfering with the inclination
of the elevating trough; also, to do away with the objection of a lifting hopper and
the inconvenience of a pitch hole, that is to say,
The delivery when the trough is at its highest is as nearly as possible in the same
vertical line as when the trough is at its lowest, without altering the position of
main trough of the elevator. This purpose I accomplish, and in this consists the
main feature of my Invention, by adding to the upper end of the main trough
another shorter trough, which I call the delivery trough. This is jointed to the
main trough by means of a swinging joint or hinge. Levers are placed at the ends,
or on either side of the delivery trough, the ends of which levers are connected to
the main levers (which regulate the height of the main trough) by means of a rope,
chain, iron rod, or other similar means.
The material to be stacked is passed along the delivery trough when in operation
by means of revolving rakes, nets, or sacks, from which it is thrown into the stack;
or at certain angles the material to be stacked may be allowed to slip down the
delivery trough by its own weight.
The notched wheels which work the revolving rakes, nuts, or sacks of the
delivery trough are connected to a spindle, situated at the upper end of the main
trough by means of cranks and connecting rods, or pulleys, which are worked by
ropes or chains.
The delivery trough may be also elevated and lowered by means of ropes or
chains passed through sheaves at the upper end of the main trough, and connected
to the main levers which operate the main trough.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MIXING CONCRETE
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Garvie, the younger, and James
Hay Bisset at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th January
1877.
JAMES GARVIE, the younger, of Aberdeen, in the County of Aberdeen, Engineer,
and JAMES HAY BISSET, of the same place, Builder. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR MIXING CONCRETE."
This Invention has for its object the more effectual and expeditious mixing of
concrete by mechanical means operating in a continuous manner, thereby dispensing
to a great extent with manual labour, and consists essentially of a hollow revolving
mixing cylinder disposed either horizontally or at any convenient inclination, and
driven by the aid of gearing or otherwise from a steam engine or other prime
mover. The said cylinder is provided in the interior with curved, spiral, or straight
bars, or with an archimedean screw so disposed that when the cylinder revolves the
concrete, which is continuously fed in at one end from a feeding hopper, shall
become thoroughly mixed on its passage through the said cylinder and be con-
tinuously discharged into a delivery hopper at the delivering end of the same.
The feeding hopper is, when requisite, constructed on a raised platform approached
by an incline for the facility of wheeling up the materials, which are tipped directly
into the said hopper. A pipe and stop-cock are provided near the feeding hopper
in order to direct the requisite quantity of water into and amongst the said
materials whilst passing into the mixing cylinder.
The discharging mouth of the delivery hopper is furnished with a door or doors
controlled by a lever and chain for the purpose of regulating or stopping the
delivery as required into the receiving barrows below.
If desired a fixed cylinder may be employed in any convenient position, having
an internal revolving frame working therein for stirring or mixing the concrete and
discharging the same in a continuous manner as herein-before set forth.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MICROSCOPES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pearce Henry Crouch at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st November 1877. A communication
from abroad by Ernst Gundlach, of Rochester, New York, United States of
America.
PEARCE HENRY CROUCH, of the City of London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MICROSCOPES." A communication from abroad by Ernst Gundlach, of Rochester,
New York, United States of America.
This Invention relates to an improved method of adjusting the focus of a
microscope, and consists in forming the upper part of the hinged bracket or arm
carrying the microscope separate from the lower part thereof. In the face of the
said lower part is a slot or depression, into which is inserted a corresponding
projecting angle rib or piece, forming the foot of the upper part of the bracket or
arm, sufficient play being left between the said foot and slot to allow of the angle
piece with the upper part of the bracket or arm being moved up or down, as
required, for the nice adjustment of the focus of the microscope.
The angle rib or piece is noved down in the slot or depression by means of a
thumbscrew or other device, working through the upper end of the lower part of
the bracket or arm, whilst the upward movement of the angle rib or piece is
caused by two or more flat springs which serve to attach it to the lower part of the
bracket or arm at the back of the slot or depression thereof, and at the same time
by their elasticity normally tend to raise the angle rib or piece with the upper
part of the bracket or arm to its highest position.
By the above arrangement a more accurate adjustment of the focus is obtained
than in microscopes of ordinary construction.
AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR PRESERVING STONE AND WOOD AGAINST DECAY AND HEAT, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF MATERIALS FOR BUILDING PURPOSES AND STATUARY
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Collins Russell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th August 1877.
JOHN COLLINS RUSSELL, of Wimbledon, in the County of Surrey. "AN IMPROVED
COMPOSITION FOR PRESERVING STONE AND WOOD AGAINST DECAY AND HEAT,
APPLICABLE ALSO FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF MATERIALS FOR BUILDING PURPOSES
AND STATUARY."
My Invention relates to a composition for preserving stone and wood from decay
and heat, the said composition being also applicable in the manufacture of materials
for building purposes and for statuary.
The composition consists of chalk or any limestone, pulverised if necessary, and
mixed with an alkaline solution of silica, so as to form a cement or artificial stone,
and then immersed in water, either pure or acidified, with hydrochloric or carbonic
acid, for instance, or mixed with magnesian compounds, such as the mother water
of salt manufactures for example, or both; or the magnesian compound may be
mixed with the chalk or limestone, and the solution of silica at the outset. The
cement or stone thus formed may again be silicated once or more times, if necessary,
and the immersion in water be repeated and continued until the alkali of the silica
solution is entirely eliminated.
The cement or stone thus treated is then removed and dried, broken up, calcined
if necessary, pulverized, and also ground if necessary, according to the purpose to
which the composition is to be applied.
For preserving wood and stone it is then mixed with water or other suitable
vehicle or chemical agent and applied to the surface to be protected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TABLETS, ILLUMINATED AND OTHERWISE
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Matthews at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th September 1877.
WILLIAM MATTHEWS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TABLETS, ILLUMINATED AND OTHERWISE."
" CERTAIN
My Invention relates to improvements in the mode or construction of tablets,
illuminated and otherwise, and consists in the various arrangements herein-after
described.
I construct a frame of any desired form and material, and adopt a plate, metallic
or otherwise, corresponding in size to the interior of the said frame, and upon this
plate I perforate any desired design in ornament or matter suitable to my require-
ment for advertising, at the back of the said perforated plate. I place any coloured
matter, and then secure the same from the atmosphere by the employment of a
sheet of glass to the front side of the said perforated plate.
Or I may adopt the above-described frame and employ two sheets of coloured
glass fitted to the same. In this manner the perforated plate would intervene, so
that the matter announcement would be discernable from either side.
The advantages aimed at by this my said Invention are,-
First. The construction of tablets of a novel and economical character.
Second. Being interchangeable, viz., by substituting another perforated plate
containing different matter.
This my Invention is applicable to name and profession plates, tradesmen's
announcements, shop window fittings, and other such like purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PICKERS FOR LOOMS
Year: 1877

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Harding Hallen at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th February 1877.
HARDING HALLEN, of Wellington Street, Burslem, in the County of Stafford.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PICKERS FOR LOOMS."
.
Pickers are made of buffalo hide, which is found to be most suitable to the purpose;
the picker moves on a steel rod backwards and forwards with great rapidity, and
causes a deal of friction which induces the rod to get very hot, so as to require the
use of oil to prevent it from burning the picker, but the application of oil is found
to be a great detriment to the fabric which is woven, through spirting upon it and
deteriorating its value.
My improvements will obviate all these defects. It consists in fitting a hard
vitreous substance to each end of the picker, made in the form of small cylinders,
and inserted in a circular recess round the steel rod, and each cylinder fastened
with steel pins, and then the picker is to be plated over the top and riveted at
the sides. By this arrangement the steel rod is kept quite clear of the hide, and
rests entirely on the circle of cylinders, and allows the picker to move with great
smoothness and without the least application of oil.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CUPOLA FURNACES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Cuthbert Scott at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th May 1877.
JAMES CUTHBERT SCOTT, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CUPOLA FURNACES."
My Invention refers to a method of constructing cupola furnaces with a chamber
beneath the ordinary bed, into which the molten metal flows, and from which it
may be drawn at pleasure.
The bottom of the cupola I form as an arch, beyond which it is continued down-
ward so as to constitute a chamber, from the bottom of which I erect a pillar up
to the crown of the arch by which it becomes supported.
This arch is provided with perforations, through which the molten metal runs
into the aforesaid chamber, and from thence it may be tapped as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TENTS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Waddington Brierley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd July 1877.
WADDINGTON BRIERLEY, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Civil Engineer.
'IMPROVEMENTS IN TENTS."
This Invention has for its object the construction of small portable folding tents
which may be "pitched," that is to say erected, and "struck" or removed in a
moment.
Tents according to this my Invention consist of two or more wings, hinged
together after the manner of a "screen." The roof is sustained by means of three
guide rods, one end of each rod being connected by hinge or free joint to the frame-
work of the tent. The other ends of the said rods are brought together in front of
the tent and secured by ring or other free joints, so that as the wings are opened
more or less so the rods assume a greater or smaller angle, which gives a corre-
sponding slope or inclination to the roof. When the tent is to be removed it is only
necessary to open the wings sufficiently wide that the guide rods and roof descend
into or between the wings, within which they are folded by closing the wings,
wherein the tent is perfectly flat and occupies the smallest amount of room.
If more than two wings are employed there will be corresponding guide rods for
the roofs. Nay, ropes and pegs may be used, if necessary, by reason of high winds,
but otherwise they are not required, as the tent is entirely self-maintaining.
Tents as above described are specially designed for garden use, archery meetings,
and other like gatherings.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FURRY MATERIALS FOR WEARING APPAREL AND FOR SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th June 1877. A communication
from abroad by Messieurs Révillon Brothers, of Paris, France.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
FURRY MATERIALS FOR WEARING APPAREL AND FOR SIMILAR PURPOSES." [A
communication from abroad by Messieurs Révillon Brothers, of Paris, France.]
This Invention relates to the manufacture of a new product or material, and
consists in the combination in a peculiar manner of fur and feathers, that is to say,
the surface of the fur is decorated with feathers.
In manufacturing this new product or material I employ fur of any kind, either
in its natural condition or dyed. In the hair I put in, and then fix by any suitable
means, feathers, either natural, dyed, or otherwise prepared. This fixing may be
effected by sewing, glueing, pasting, or securing in any like manner the feathers
to the skin.
The feathers or tufts of feathers may be spread irregularly upon the fur, or may
be applied regularly so as to form any design or pattern desired.
This improved manufacture of furry materials furnishes a new and very superior
article for wearing apparel, and for other purposes for which ordinary furs are
einployed.
AN IMPROVED CASK STAND
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward George Jell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd November 1877.
EDWARD GEORGE JELL, of New Brompton, in the County of Kent, Wine and
Beer Merchant. "AN IMPROVED CASK STAND."
This Invention consists in the construction of a simple, cheap, and efficient cask
stand, whereby the cask can be tilted with great ease and facility.
The improved cask stand is constructed of a wooden frame with legs as usual,
the side bars or rails inclining downwards from the back towards the front. To the
front bar of the frame I hinge a block, which I call the tilting block. When the
tilting block is raised, and the cask placed on the stand, the cask will be in a
horizontal position; and when the cask requires to be tilted it is merely necessary to
slightly raise the front thereof and turn down the said tilting block, and the front
of the cask will then rest on the front bar of the stand, and be at the proper angle
to allow of its contents being drawn off.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES AND OTHER HOLLOW ARTICLES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nathan Thompson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th May 1877.
NATHAN THOMPSON, of Brooklyn, in the County of Kings, and State of New
York, in the United States of America, but at present of 23, Southampton Buildings,
in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES AND OTHER
HOLLOW ARTICLES."
The Invention has for its object improvements in stoppers for bottles and other
hollow articles. For this purpose I employ a recessed metal cap or head, and I fit
and solder in such cap or head a hollow metal stem or tube open at both ends, and
either with or without a flange at the upper end thereof. Around such stem or tube
I place a strip of cork wrapped around the saine, and I form a number of small
perforations in the lower edge of the stem or tube, and sew one edge of the cork
thereto. A metal ring passed over the cork is securely attached to the flange
of the head or cap by turning the edge of the flange over such metal ring.
This metal ring has its inner edge formed at an angle to the rest thereof, and
such inner edge fits closely the cork packing, and is pressed inwards on such
cork, so as securely to hold the upper edge of the same. Thus the cork packing
is held firmly at both edges, and the flange of the head or cap is strengthened.
Through holes on opposite sides of this flange I pass a wire or cord knotted at its
ends to serve as a bale wherewith to extract the stopper from a bottle, and the ends
of such wire or cord may be long enough to be held by another wire fastened around
the bottle neck.
The inner part of the stopper may be coated with any suitable material to prevent
injury to the contents of the bottle.
For a decanter stopper and for other purposes I fix above the head or cap of a
stopper formed as above described, a hollow head to serve as a handle to the
stopper; or I form the recess in the head or cap sufficiently deep to answer the
purpose.
AN IMPROVED LINK FOR CUFFS, GLOVES, OR OTHER ARTICLES OF DRESS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Tonks at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th February 1877.
THOMAS TONKS, the younger, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Button
Manufacturer. "AN IMPROVED LINK FOR CUFFS, GLOVES, OR OTHER ARTICLES
OF DRESS,"
* This Invention consists of attaching or linking together two " buttons" or plates
by means of a ring or short loop projecting from the side of each, and at the back of
each "button" or plate is a bent piece of flat metal or wire soldered or otherwise
fixed to the "button" or plate near to or at the opposite edge to that at which each
is linked to the other, and each being turned over across the back of the button or
plate towards the sides, linked together forms a hook which when passed into the
portions of dress required to be attached firmly secures them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEATS FOR PUBLIC PLACES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Reichenheim at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th July 1877.
ROBERT REICHENHEIM, of the Firm of Reichenheim and Szivessy, of Monkwell
Street, in the City of London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEATS FOR PUBLIC PLACES."
My Invention relates to the construction of backed seats or benches for public
parks, squares, boulevards, streets, and other public places, and to the application
thereto, or combination therewith, of panels of sheet metal or other suitable
material for exhibiting notices, announcements, and other public inforination without
in any way interfering with the comfort of the occupants, at same time that the
seat is rendered more commodious as well as more ornamental in appearance.
According to my Invention the frame of the bench is made of cast iron; the seat,
back, and back legs, being cast together in one or several lengths; the front legs
and corresponding end frames being cast in one and tied together beneath the seat.
The seat is made reversible by being mounted on end pivots and secured by latches
or other contrivances which lock it firmly in the one or other position, yet allow it
to be readily turned round to bring either side uppermost at the pleasure of the
occupants. The one side of the seat may be of solid cast iron, and the other may
be upholstered or provided with steel springs arranged to form a yielding and
elastic surface in any of the well-known ways. The back of the seat is of a more
or less ornamental form, and is formed with openings to receive panels of sheet
metal, which form a more yielding surface than solid cast iron for the back to
rest against, and serve also as surfaces on which may be painted, printed, or other-
wise produced, notices and announcements of a public character.
MENTS IN GRATE BARS FOR FURNACES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Proctor at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th October 1877.
JAMES PROCTOR, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer.
MENTS IN GRATE BARS FOR FURNACES."
"IMPROVE-
This Invention relates to improved construction of grate bars, and in apparatus
for rocking or moving the same.
The bars made according to this my Invention, and in connection with which
improved apparatus for rocking or actuating the same, I construct in short lengths,
and every alternate bar is by clip or like contrivance connected with a pin or stud
of a draw bar or draw bars; the intervening bars are likewise connected with the
draw bar by means of stud and slot hole, so that on the draw bar being operated,
the bars will be caused to rock or move, more or less, as they are connected by clip
or by slot hole with the studs of the draw bar, as described.
Another arrangement comprises bars, as aforesaid, in short lengths, every
alternate bar being connected by clip a like connection with the stud of draw
bars, the intervening bars having separate supports, and the latter bars are
stationary.
Another arrangement consists in the use of cylindrical bars or
are arranged in pairs and caused to rotate towards each other.
stantly changing surface of the bars exposed to the action of
removal of the finer ashes is constantly going on, whereby a
admittance of air is secured.
roller bars; there
There is a con-
the fire, and the
free passage for
A NEW ELECTRIC AUTOMATIC INDICATOR FOR ELECTRIC BELLS FOR HOUSE TELEGRAPHY AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION filed by Theophilus Coad at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th January 1877.
THEOPHILUS COAD, of 36, West Strand, London, in the County of Middlesex,
Electrician. "A NEW ELECTRIC AUTOMATIC INDICATOR FOR ELECTRIC BELLS FOR
HOUSE TELEGRAPHY AND OTHER PURPOSES."
This Invention has for its object economizing of battery power, saving of time,
and the prevention of mistakes made by the present drop and other indicators
which require to be set by hand each time the bell is rung.
The improvements upon other indicators now in use consist in the following.
arrangements in connection with the bell signal. In so attaching an armature to a
spring, the said armature being attracted by an electro-magnet on the bed plate,
fixed a regulator for the purpose of timing the armature so as to give it a longer or
shorter period of oscillation. At the extreme end of this armature is fixed a
reflector disk, upon or over which may be painted the name or number of the
room.
To prevent the reflector, disk, or armature being set in motion by currents of air,
the whole apparatus is enclosed in a case having a glass front, through which the
reading of every room from which a call is made may be clearly seen by the
attendant or servant.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN PUMPING MACHINERY
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hosking at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th May 1877.
JAMES HOSKING, of Camborne, in the County of Cornwall, Mine Agent. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN PUMPING MACHINERY."
This Invention is for certain constructions and arrangements of valves or clacks
in pumping machinery whereby the pressure on the valve or clack is partially
counterpoised by the application of a spring lever, piston, or other like contrivance,
so that less motive power is required to open such valve or clack.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TUBULAR BOILERS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Furness at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st June 1877.
JOHN FURNESS, of Huddersfield, in the County of York, Boiler Works Manager.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TUBULAR BOILERS."
This Invention consists in the employment of tubes of different diameters in the
flues of such boilers. I first insert a series of locomotive or narrow tubes and then
a series of Galloway tubes, and so on alternately the whole length of the flue.
Boilers thus constructed combine the advantages of an ordinary Galloway boiler
with those of a locomotive, and afford increased heating surface and a saving in the
cost of construction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF ORES OR COMPOUNDS CON- TAINING IRON SO AS TO RENDER THEM MORE SUITABLE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF IRON OR STEEL
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th July 1877. A communication from
abroad by Jules Cahen, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF ORES OR COMPOUNDS CON-
TAINING IRON SO AS TO RENDER THEM MORE SUITABLE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF
IRON OR STEEL." A communication from abroad by Jules Cahen, of Paris, in the
Republic of France..
This Invention has for its object the manufacture of an artificial iron ore by the
employment of a heating or calcination process, by means of which pulverulent or
granular ores, and in particular residues of roasted iron pyrites, may be agglomerated
without the addition of any foreign substances, when the said ores or compounds
resulting from the roasting of pyrites contain a certain proportion of silex, alumina,
or other mineral substance, well adapted to facilitate their agglomeration.
In carrying out this Invention I prefer to employ a high temperature, in order
that by the calcination or heating a compact material or produced. For this
purpose it is sufficient when the materials are in a state of very fine dust or
powder to mould them either by hand or by mechanical means, without the
addition of any agent, and to expose the blocks thus formed to a calcination at an
elevated temperature, obtained in a furnace, or by any one of the means employed
for burning bricks.
When the materials are in small fragments, or in a granular form, and it is
desired to avoid pulverising them, the moulding may be effected by means of
machines capable of compressing the materials, and the blocks obtained by these
means may then be treated as before mentioned.
Any process of heating or of calcination may be adopted, the object being that
the temperature employed should be sufficiently elevated. Experience has however
shown that there is considerable advantage in effecting the heating of the materials
in a furnace the atmosphere of which is oxydising.

page_text: It will be found that the blocks thus calcined do not undergo during the calcina-
tion or heating either segging, or yielding, or partial fusion, or reduction, whilst
when they are exposed to the action of a reducing atmosphere the blocks become
partially modified and altered.
The materials either in a dry or pasty condition are moulded into blocks, either
by hand or by machines, and after desiccation the moulded blocks are burnt or
heated at an elevated temperature without the addition of any foreign substance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING DEVICES AND DESIGNS FOR DECORATIVE AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Augustus Hely at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th April 1877.
ALFRED AUGUSTUS HELY, of 194, South Lambeth Road, in the County of
Surrey, Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING DEVICES AND DESIGNS FOR
DECORATIVE AND OTHER PURPOSES."
My Invention has reference to the production of devices and designs for deco-
rative panels, table tops, box and book covers, and other plane surfaced articles
of household and personal use, as also for advertising plates, tablets, and shew
cards.
Upon a base or ground of paper, cardboard, or other suitable material (by pro-
ference cardboard), either white, black, or colored, I draw, paint, or print in ink,
colors, or metals, the design required to be produced, leaving spaces for, or tracings
of such letters, figures, or devices as compose or form part of the said design, and
the which I afterwards fill in, either wholly or partially, with mother of pearl or
other iridescent shell, or any imitation thereof, fastening the same on the said
ground with any suitable adhesive medium. Colored glass, or glass, guilt, silvered,
or otherwise ornamented at the back, may likewise be used in substitution for, or
combination with the mother of pearl or iridescent shell.
In some cases I sink the said letters, figures, or devices to a level with the
surface of the said ground by indenting, or cutting into the latter so as to receive
the former, and in other cases I cut the said letters, figures, or devices out of the
said ground, and through the apertures left therein display the pearl or glass work
upon a second ground placed against the back of the first.
Lastly. I face the complete design with an independent plate of glass, protecting
it at back with a close fitting board, and bind the whole together with a metallic
or wooden edging or frame, weatherproof, if for out door use. Thus, in the event
of breakage, the glass face only is sacrificed, when a fresh glass, at a trifling cost,
restores the article to its former value.
IMPROVED SPRING FASTENING ADAPTED FOR DRESS HOLDERS, LETTER AND OTHER CLIPS, SLEEVE HOLDERS TO REGULATE SHIRT CUFFS, & GENERAL GARMENT SUSPENDERS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gordon MoDonald at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th September 1877.
GORDON MCDONALD, of 27, Cheapside, London. "IMPROVED SPRING FASTENING
ADAPTED FOR DRESS HOLDERS, LETTER AND OTHER CLIPS, SLEEVE HOLDERS TO
REGULATE SHIRT CUFFS, & GENERAL GARMENT SUSPENDERS."
The object of this Invention is to provide an improved spring fastening for the
above purposes.
Instead of the spiral spring now generally in use for the above purposes I employ
a more simple and less expensive spring, consisting of a flat piece of metal of suitable
length, having one half bent round directly over the corresponding half, the ends
curving outwards, and being a little apart from each other when the spring is open;
but when the spring is shut, the two halves close on each other in a similar manner to
the leaves of a book.
The spring may either be enclosed loosely in recesses left in the two parts of the
body of the fastening, or it may be provided with an eye at its closed end, through
which passes a screw or rivet to keep it in its proper position.