IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CEMENT."
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Joy, of Aylesford, in the County of Kent,
Cement Burner, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF CEMENT."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Joy at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th June 1881.
46
WILLIAM JOY, of Aylesford, in the County of Kent, Cement Burner. IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CEMENT."
My Invention consists of improvements in the apparatus for drying slurry,
described with reference to Figures 7, 8, and 9 of the Drawings accompanying the
Specification of Letters Patent granted to me, and bearing date the Twenty-fifth
day of September, A.D. 1877.
According to my said Invention I form the floor on which the slurry is to be dried
in a longitudinal chamber built nearly on a level with the top of the kiln, instead of
in an annular chamber built around the kiln, as in the apparatus described in the
Specification hereinbefore referred to, and instead of building a chimney over and
in direct communication with the kiln I cover the top of the said kiln with a roof,
which constitutes part of the drying floor, and over which one end of the said
longitudinal chamber extends. Beneath the floor of the said chamber I form a
flue or flues, which communicates or communicate at one end with the interior of
kiln, and at the other end with the interior of the said chamber, which commu-
nicates with chimneys, one of which is built at the end nearest the kiln, and the
other at the end farthest from the kiln. The passages communicating between the
flue or flues and the chamber, and between the flue or flues or chamber and the
chimneys, are provided with dampers, by which the communication may be cut off
when desired.
In that part of the wall of the kiln lying within the drying chamber I form
apertures, through which the dried slurry is passed into the kiln, the said apertures
being bricked up when the kiln is fully charged.
This apparatus is used and acts as follows:-The slurry to be dried is run onto
the floor of the drying chamber when the kiln is in action or is about to be used,

page_text: and the said slurry is dried by the action of the heat passing from the kiln, and
travelling through the flue or flues, under the drying floor, and into and through
the chamber to the chimney at the end nearest the kiln. When it is wished to
cool the chamber the passage leading to the chimney farthest from the kiln is
opened by raising the damper, and the products of combustion from the kiln are
thereby caused to pass direct to the said chimney instead of through the said
chamber.
In the roof of the drying chamber I form openings closed by doors or shutters,
by which air may be admitted when required to cool the chamber.
°
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Joy in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 27th
December 1881.
WILLIAM JOY, of Aylesford, in the County of Kent, Cement Burner. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CEMENT."
My Invention consists of improvements in the apparatus for drying slurry,
described with reference to Figures 7, 8, and 9 of the Drawings accompanying the
Specification of Letters Patent granted to me, and bearing date the Twenty-fifth
day of September, A.D. 1877.
According to my said Invention I form the floor on which the slurry is to be
dried in a longitudinal chamber built nearly on a level with the top of the kiln,
instead of in an annular chamber built around the kiln, as in the apparatus
described in the Specification herein before referred to, and instead of building a
chimney over the kiln I cover the top of the said kiln with a roof, which
constitutes part of the drying floor, and over which one end of the said longi-
tudinal chamber extends. Beneath the floor of the said chamber I form a flue or
flues, which communicates or communicate at one end with the interior of the
kiln, and at the other end with the interior of the said chamber, which commu-
nicates with chimneys, one of which is built at the end nearest the kiln, and
the other at the end farthest from the kiln. The passages communicating between
the flue or flues and the chamber, and between the flue or flues or chamber and
the chimneys, are provided with dampers, by which the communication may be
cut off when desired.
In that part of the wall of the kiln lying within the drying chamber I form an
aperture or apertures, through which the dried slurry is passed into the kiln, the
said apertures being bricked up when the kiln is fully charged.
In the roof of the drying chamber I form openings closed by doors or shutters,
by which air may be admitted when required to cool the chamber, and by which
the workmen enter the chamber.
When my Invention is applied to several kilns built side by side, I find it
advantageous to connect the several drying chambers and the flucs in connection

page_text: therewith to one pair of chimneys, one of the said chimneys being built at the end
nearest to the kilns, and the other at the end farthest from the kilns, as herein.
before described.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention I will proceed to describe the
manner in which it is to be performed, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings and to the letters and figures marked thereon; the same letters and
figures of reference indicate the same parts in the several Figures of the Drawings.
Figure 1 of the said Drawings is a plan partly in section (taken on the line A,
Figure 3); Figure 2 is a longitudinal section taken on the line B, Figure 1;
Figures 3 and 4 are transverse sections taken respectively on the lines C and D,
Figure 2; and Figure 5 is an end elevation of four kilns built side by side and
provided with drying chambers to which my Invention is applied.
a, a, are the kilos; b, b, are the drying chambers; c, c, are the drying floors in
the said chambers; and c, d, are the flues formed under the said floors, which
flues communicate with the interior of the kiln at d³; e, c, are the roofs of the
kilns, which roofs constitute drying floors; f, f, are the roofs of the drying
chambers, which roofs extend over the drying floors e, e The spaces fƒ
between the arches of the said roofs may be conveniently used as tanks for
containing the slurry which is to be dried in the said chambers; m, m, are
openings in the roofs of the chambers b, b, by which the workmen enter, and by
which air is admitted when necessary; n, n, are other openings through which
the slurry contained in the tanks f',f', is allowed to flow on to the drying floors c, c,
and e, e, when it is required to charge the said floors. The openings m, m, are
provided with doors, and the openings m, n, are provided with valves (not shown
in the Drawings); g is the chimney built at the end nearest the kilns, and h is the
chimney built at the end farthest from the kilns; d', d', are the passages by which
the gaseous products of combustion from the kilns pass from the flues d, d, either
into the chambers b, b, or to the chimney h, as hereinafter described; and d², d²,
are dampers by which the said gaseous products of combustion are prevented from
entering the said chambers when desired; i, i, are passages which admit of
communication between the chambers b, b, and the chimney h, or between the
flues and passages d, d, d', d', and the said chimney; and i, i, 2, 12, are dampers
by which the said passages may be closed when required; j, j, are passages which
admit of communication between the chambers b, b, and the chimney g; and j', j',
are dampers by which the said communication may be cut off; k, l, k, k, are eyes
or openings in the kilns, the former communicating with the interior of the said
chambers b, b, and the latter admitting of access to the interior of the said kilns
from a platform b built in front of them. This apparatus is used and acts as
follows: The kilns having been charged in the usual way the eyes or openings
,,,, are bricked up. The slurry to be dried (which has been pumped into
the tanks f, f) is then allowed to flow through the openings n, n, on to the
floors c, c, c, e, and the said openings are closed. The charge in the kiln is then
fired, and the gases and vapours therefrom: are caused to pass to the chimney h by.
opening the dampers 2, 2. When the charge has burned so long that the gases
evolved by it are thoroughly hot, the communication with the chimney his shut
off by closing the dampers 1, 2, and communication between the kilns and the
chimney g is opened by raising the dampers d², d², and j', j'. The said gases then
pass through the flues d, d, under the drying floor c, c, and through the
chambers b, b, over the surface of the slurry on the floors c, c, and e, e, and thence
through the passages j,j, to the said chimney g. When the charge in the kilns is
completely burned and the slurry on the floors c, c, and e, e, is dried, the
dampers d, d, and j, j, are closed, and the dampers i', ', are opened. The
eyes h, k, k, k, are then opened and draughts of cool air pass through the tops of
the kilns and through the chambers b, b, to the chimney h, rapidly cooling the said
chambers. In order to assist in cooling the chambers, draughts of air may also be
admitted at the openings m, m, in the roofs f,f. The burnt charge is then with-
drawn from the kilns and the dried slurry on the floors c, c, and e, e, is removed

page_text: and charged into the kilns through the eyes or openings h, k. When the kilns
are again charged the eyes or openings k, l, ke', ', are again bricked up, slurry
is run onto the floors c, c, and e, e, and the operations herein before described are
repeated.
The slurry on the floors c, c, being very rapidly dried owing in part to the heat
retained in the flues d, d, from the last burning and that on the floors e, c, owing
to its receiving the direct heat from the burning charge in the kilns, it is when
dried in a better condition for burning than that which is dried more slowly (as in
ordinary chambers) the rapid evaporation of the water contained in it producing a
porosity in the mass which much facilitates the said burning.
If desired the apparatus may be so used that while the charge in one kiln is
burning, that in another is being withdrawn, the dampers and passages in connection
with each drying chamber being so arranged as to be capable of use independently
of those in connection with the other chambers.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention of "Improvements in
Apparatus for the Manufacture of Cement," and the manner in which the same is
to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I make no general claim to the
combination of longitudinal drying. chambers with cement kilns, nor to the
arrangement in such chambers of floors under and over which the heat from the
kilns passes, which forms the subject of my former Patent, dated 25th September
A,D. 1877, No. 3596, but I claim as my present Invention,-
First. The combination of parts such as are herein described and used for
enabling the gaseous products of combustion from the kiln to pass, as required,
either through the flues, under the drying floors, direct to a chimney shaft, or
through the said flues, and afterwards through the drying chamber or chambers,
and thence to a chimney shaft, substantially in the manner and for the purposes
substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly. The construction of a drying chamber, such as is herein before described,
having the floor partly extended over and forming the roof of the kiln, and com-
municating therewith when required, and having the roof of the chamber also
extending partly over the kiln, the chamber and kiln with the passages and dampers
being arranged, substantially as herein before described and illustrated in the
accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Joy, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty fourth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.