IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING AN ARTIFICIAL DRAFT IN CHIMNIES, AND FOR PURPOSES OF VENTILATION
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the
Invention of IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING AN ARTIFICIAL DRAFT
IN CHIMNIES, AND FOR PURPOSES OF VENTILATION."A communication from
abroad hu Granne Calhou
ALTTtal Stator of
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 14th February 1860.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING AN ARTIFICIAL
DRAFT IN CHIMNIES, AND FOR PURPOSES OF VENTILATION," to be as follows:-
This Invention of improved apparatus for producing an artificial draft in
chimnies, and for purposes of ventilation, consists in the peculiar construction
of a cowl-like cap to be applied to a chimney or to an opening in the roof or
ceiling of a building or apartment, or of a railway carriage or other convey-
ance, or in the deck of a ship. or other vessel, or to the shaft or mouth of a
mine or pit, for the purpose of producing an upward current, or exhausting
the air from within or below by the action of the wind, or by the pressure of
the atmosphere in a horizontal or nearly horizontal direction.

page_text: The apparatus consists of an upright throat, which is fitted to rotate upon
the mouth of a chimney or an upright shaft or pipe, and terminating in an
elbow, at the back of which there is an open horizontal truncated cone, the
truncated or smaller end of which is next the elbow and concentric with the
horizontal portion thereof. A large hollow horizontal truncated cone is
arranged concentric with and surrounding the rotating elbow, and a shorter
truncated cone has its truncated end connected with the end of the large
truncated cone. These cones contain the elbow and the smaller cone within
them, and their truncated ends unite opposite the mouth of the elbow. The
top of the large cone is to be furnished with a vane to keep its mouth and the
mouth of the small cone towards the wind, or in the direction in which a
pressure of air in a horizontal direction may be produced by the movement of
the object or body to which the apparatus is attached, and the air which is
caused to rush through the small cone and elbow and through the annular
space between then and the large cones produces a powerful upward draft
through the throat of the chimney. This effect may be also obtained by a jet
or jets of steam introduced at the mouths of the cones.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 14th August 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters.
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said William Edward Newton, Her special license that I, the said
William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators;
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING AN ARTIFICIAL DRAFT
IN CHIMNIES, AND FOR PURPOSES OF VENTILATION," being a communication from

page_text: abroad, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Edward
Newton, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
This Invention of improved apparatus for producing an artificial draft in
chimnies, and for purposes of ventilation, consists in the peculiar construction
of a cowl-like cap to be applied to a chimney or to an opening in the roof or
ceiling of a building or apartment, or of a railway carriage or other convey-
ance, or in the deck of a ship or other vessel, or to the shaft or mouth of a
mine or pit, for the purpose of producing an upward current, or exhausting the
air from within or below by the action of the wind, or by the pressure of the
atmosphere in a horizontal or nearly horizontal direction.
The apparatus consists of an upright throat, which, when applied to a
chimney, is fitted to rotate upon the open end of the chimney pot, or upon an
upright shaft or pipe. This upright throat terminates in an elbow, at the
back of which there is placed an open horizontal truncated cone, the truncated
or smaller end of which is next the elbow, and is concentric with the hori-
zontal portion thereof. A hollow horizontal truncated cone, much larger than
the former one, is placed concentric with, and surrounds the elbow pipe, and a
shorter truncated cone is connected by its truncated end to the truncated end
of the larger cone. These two larger cones contain the elbow and the smaller
cone within them, and their truncated ends unite opposite the mouth of the
elbow. The top of the large cone may, if desired, be furnished with a vane
to keep its mouth and the mouth of the small cone towards the wind or in the
direction in which a pressure of air in a horizontal direction may be produced
by the movement of the body to which the apparatus is attached, and the air
which is caused to rush through the small cone and the elbow, and through
the annular space between them and the larger external cones, produces a
powerful upward draft through the elbow pipe. An artificial draft may be.
also produced by introducing a jet or jets of steam at the mouths of the
cones; a similar arrangement of ventilating apparatus may also be applied to
rooms and to closed vehicles of all kinds.

page_text: In the accompanying Drawings I have, by way of example, shewn the
apparatus applied to the roof of a railway carriage.
Fig. 1 is a vertical longitudinal section of part of a. railroad carriage with
the improved ventilating apparatus applied. thereto; Fig. 2 is a front view of
the same. The upper part of the railroad carriage is seen at A. On the roof
of this carriage is secured the elevated elbow pipe. B, which is -let into, the
top of the carriage in such a manner as to be capable of being rotated on its
vertical axis; C is a small hollow truncated cone, with its truncated 'end
inserted into the rear of the elbow pipe B, and behind the. exit aperture of
elbow pipe. The truncated end of this cone. C may, if desired, have a trumpet
mouth put on it, as shewn by dotted lines in Fig. 1, so as to extenil to near
the discharge or exit end of the elbow pipe; D is the main outer cone which
encloses the cone C and a greater portion of the elbow.pipe, as seen in Fig. 1.
The truncated end of the cone D meets near to the termination of the hori
zontal portion of the elbow pipe B, another truncated cone or 'mouth-piece E,
as represented in the Drawing...
From this description it will be evident that, as the carriage moves forward;
a powerful suction will be produced in the horizontal portion of the elbow.pipe
by reason of the passage of air through the space between the inner and outer
cones, as indicated by the red arrows, and thus the vitiated air will be drawn
from the interior of the carriage up the vertical portion of the pipe B, as
indicated by the black arrows, which air will be replaced by the entrance. of
puro fresh air through the doors and windows or crevices in the carriage ;. the
pipe B being set so as to revolve, the ventilator answers both in going and
returning with the train. With a very little change in. the manner of apply-
ing the apparatus, and by providing it with a weather vane, as shewn at
Fig. 3, it will answer for all chimnies where increased ventilation or a stronger
draft is required.
:
In this improved apparatus an annular current of air in a concentrated or
compacted state is conveyed' to the discharge end of the elbow pipe B, and is
then expanded suddenly in the trumpet mouth E, and discharged therefrom;
and at the same instant a concentrated or compacted current of air is: dis-
charged into the elbow pipe, and thus while a powerful suction is produced
up through the elbow pipe by the annular current, the effect of this current
is accelerated by the central concentrated or compacted current of air admitted
by the trumpet mouth C, and consequently a perfect withdrawal of the
vitiated air from the chimney with which the pipe B is in communication.
takes place.
In the railway carriage arrangement likewise, the air, as the carriage

page_text: moves along, is compressed or compacted all round the outside of the elevated
elbow pipe, and also within the inner cone, and then suddenly allowed to
escape through and outside of the mouth of the elbow pipe in such a manner
as to produce a vacuum in the elbow pipe, and a consequent discharge of the
vitiated air contained in the carriage.
Having now described the Invention of "Improved Apparatus for Pro-
ducing an Artificial Draft in Chimnies, and for Purposes of Ventilation," and
having explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, as communi-
cated to me by my foreign correspondent, I claim, as the Invention secured to
me by Letters Patent as aforesaid, the apparatus above described, consisting
principally of conical pipes adapted to the exit aperture of the flue, chimney,
or passage in which it is desired to create an artificial draught.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eighth day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
W. E. NEWTON. (L.S.)