CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN STEAM ENGINES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE IN PART OR ON THE WHOLE APPLICABLE TO OTHER MOTIVE ENGINES
Year: 1851

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
LLOYD, of Dee Valley, near Corwen, Merionethshire, North Wales, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-fourth day of February, in
the fourteenth year of Her reign, did give and grant unto me, the said Edward
Lloyd, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, Her especial license, full power, sole
privilege and authority, that I, the said Edward Lloyd, my exors, adñiors, and'
assigns, and such others as I, the said Edward Lloyd; my exors, adññors, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term of years therein mentioned, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within that part of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, Her Dominion of
Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed; my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN STEAM ENGINES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE IN PART OR ON THE WHOLE
APPLICABLE TO OTHER MOTIVE ENGINES," in which said Letters Patent there is.
contained a proviso requiring that I, the said Edward Lloyd, shall particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, to be enrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited
Letters Patent, as, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Edward Lloyd, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by this present instrument in writing, reference being had to the
Drawing hereunto annexed, and in which said Drawing similar parts are
marked and referred to by similar letters or figures (that is to say) :-
My said Invention consists, first, in the manner of constructing the valves
which direct the steam under or above the pistons in steam engines.
Second, in the arrangement of double-cylinder expansion engines.
Third, in applying part or the whole of the above-named improvements to
other motive engines; as, for instance, where air or water are used as the
moving elements.
For the better understanding of the nature of these my improvements,
I have hereunto annexed a Sheet of Drawings, with letters of reference to the
following description.
Under the first head is comprised various constructions of the valves which
operate by a vibratory or alternating angular motion, shewn in Figs. 1 to 13
and Figs. 18, 19, and 20. To the second head belongs the arrangement of
the double-cylinder expansion engine shewn in Figs. 9 and 10. The same
letters stand for the same parts shewn under different views of the same things.
Fig. 1 is an elevation of a steam valve for a single cylinder, the steam
chest being shewn in section. Fig. 2 is a cross section of the same through
the line a, b. The facing c, c, is cylindrical, having one port d leading to a
chamber in the interior of the valve, which again is in connexion with the
eduction pipe e. The end of the valve f moves tightly against the face of the
pipe e.
A projecting rim at f serves as a guide to the valve, but must not fit
too closely, so as to prevent the cylindrical facing c, c, bearing properly against
its seating. The valve spindle g is separate, and turns the valve by means of
a flat projection 7, made so as to allow the valve to be pressed properly against
its seating. This projection has itself a projection i, which serves to keep
the spindle in its place. A long stuffing box k serves as a guide for the
spindle. The eccentric rod takes hold of the pin 7, giving the spindle and
valve a vibratory motion by means of the lever m. The steam enters
through into the chamber which surrounds the valve, and is permitted to
enter the steam ports alternately by the motion of the valve. When, by the
motion of the valve, the exhaust port d comes opposite one of the ports
leading to the top or bottom of the cylinder, the steam passes through it to the
eduction pipe e, and so to the condenser or atmosphere, as may be required.
Fig. 3 is an elevation of another steam valve for a single cylinder, the

page_text: steam chest being shewn in section. Fig. 4 is a cross section of the same..
The facing a, a, of the valve is cylindrical, and kept steam-tight by springs b, b..
The end e is of the form of Schiele's patent anti-friction curve, so that it may
wear regularly, and with the least friction. At f is a similar curved part, a.
stuffing pressing against it, so that by these means the valve is kept tight at.
both ends.. The steam enters through g into a chamber in the interior of the
valve, from whence it issues through a longitudinal aperture c alternately into
the steam ports i and k by the motion of the valve, the exhaustion after cach
stroke of the piston taking place, by the same motion, into an eduction chest l,.
and thence through the pipe m into the atmosphere or condenser, as may be.
required. Fig. 5 is an elevation of another valve, its outside shell or seat
being shewn in section. This is for a single cylinder also.. The external
face of the valve is of, the form of Schiele's patent anti-friction curve, so.
that little power is lost by friction, and the wear of the surface so regu-
lated as to prevent the escape and waste of steam. Fig. 6 is a. section of
the valve through the steam passage, cylinder face, and steam pipe. Fig. 7
is a bottom view, a part of the valve being shewn in section.
Fig. 8.
is a top view. The steam enters at a,, proceeds thence by the steam
passage through the valve. to. one. of the steam ports 6 or c, as may be.
required. After the stroke the steam is exhausted through one of the pas-
sages d, d, formed by the sides of the valve being flattened. These are con-
nected together by the channel c, e; and one of the spaces d, d, being always
in connection, with the eduction pipe f, the exhaustion of the steam is by this
means carried on.. A cross piece g keeps the valve down in its seat.. h is the
lever, by which motion is given to the valve. Fig. 9 is an elevation of a valve
for a two-cylinder expansion engine. Its shell and steam chest are shewn in
section.. Fig. 10 is a cross section through the centre line of the cylinders.
Fig. 11 is a sectional, elevation of the valve and its spindle; Fig. 12 is a.
bottom end view of it; Fig. 13 is the valve as seen obliquely. The steam.
enters at a, and is by the motion of the valve admitted alternately above and
under the smaller piston. At the end of each stroke it expands through the
passages b, b, into the larger cylinder, from whence it exhausts through the
passage c, leading to the larger end of the valve, and passes thence into the
eduction pipe, leading to the condenser, or, if high pressure, into the atmo-
sphere. The arrangement of the ports d, e, and f will be readily understood
from the Drawings. The port g is partly cylindrical, and passes over the
portf, as shewn at Fig. 9, entering the cylinder. at h. The connection with the
eccentric rod is, as usual, by a lever i, with the difference that there is another
lever opposite to the first for the purpose of taking the eccentric rod up to.

page_text: it, by which the motion of the engine may be reversed. The motion is trans-
mitted to the valve by a spindle 7, which, passing through a bush p (formed
on the shape of the anti-friction curve), expands into a forked end, which fits
loosely in holes in the valve. A rod m, of the same material as the steam
chamber, regulates the distance between the bush and the valve faces, so that
expansion may not affect the proper working of the valve. The tightening is
done by a screw o, which, pressing on a packing n, prevents the steam
escaping through the interior of the spindle. It will be easily seen that the
pressure of the steam tends to lift the valve from its seat; therefore, the
friction may be regulated to the greatest nicety by the screw o.
Figs. 9 and 10 also represent the improvements in double-cylinder
expansion engines, which consist in placing the cylinders end to end,
working them by the steam acting as well under as above both pistons: A
stuffing box pis introduced into the plate or piece of metal which separates
the two cylinders, in order to prevent the escape of steam past the piston rod
from one cylinder into the other. The packing in this stuffing box is
tightened by two screws shewn in longitudinal section in Figs. 10 and 14, and
in plan in Fig. 15. The screw collars 1, 2, must fit steam-tight like a valve;
or this packing may be varied in the following manner, shewn in Figs. 16 and
17 An oblong aperture 'a is made right through the plate or piece of metal
which separates the two cylinders. Into this aperture the usual hemp packing
is introduced from both sides. The external apertures are then closed by
covers b, b, which, being acted upon by nuts and bolts c, c, press upon the
hemp packing, which, closely embracing the piston rod, prevents the escape of
steam past it. The pistons, as will be seen, are fastened to one and the same
piston rod, ensuring their steady and combined action.
Fig. 18 is a sectional elevation of a double-cylinder engine, with a par-
ticular view to compactness, shewn as another arrangement of such engines.
The cylinders a and b stand at such a distance from each other that the cross-
head c, to which both piston rods d and e are joined, may be attached to the
connecting rod f in such a way as to balance the pressure on both sides as
nearly as possible. The guide rod 9 is used at the same time as a plunger
for the force pump h. i is the crank shaft, and k the flywheel and pulley.
The connection with the governor may be made in the usual way. The valve
has a forked projection, as shewn in Fig. 20, 1, in which the connecting rod
works (instead of the usual eccentric motion) to take the valve to and fro.
Fig. 19 is the plan of the two cylinders, and shews also the face against
which the valve works. This valve is of similar construction to that shewn in
Figs. 9 to 13.

page_text: The above exhibits the whole of my improvements, so far as they are appli-
cable to steam engines. For other motive engines, where air or other elastic
fluid is made use of, I use similar arrangements; but where water is used I do
not apply the arrangements of two cylinders as shewn in Figs. 9 and 10 and
Figs. 18 and 19, but in that case make use of a single cylinder only, making
corresponding alterations in the passages and valves.
Having thus described the whole of my Invention, I would have it under-
stood that what I claim as my improvements consist―
First, in the different kinds of valves shewn in Figs. 1 to 13, so far as they
are applicable to steam engines.
Second, in the arrangement of placing the two cylinders end to end in
double-cylinder expansion engines, the steam acting on both sides of the two
pistons as shewn in Figs. 9 and 10.
Third, in the application of these improvements to other motive engines
where the moving power is air, water, or other fluid, as described.
Fourth, in the construction and application of a single vibratory valve for the
purpose of regulating the action of steam in double-cylinder expansion engines.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Lloyd, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Twenty-first day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-one.