Year: 1888

page_text: ate of Application, 29th May, 1888
Complete Specification Left, 29th Mar.. 1889
Complete Specification Accepted, 11th May. 1339
We FRIEDRICH HERMANN WILKE of Bradford in the County of York, Gentleman,
and GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS JOHN SCHOTT of the same place, Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of this Invention to be as follows:-
-
Our Invention relates to the manufacture of velvets plushes and other fabrics
having a pile formed by cutting floating weft as is well understood. In the carrying
into effect of a former invention for which Letters Patent dated the third day of
September in the year one thousand eight hundred and eighty six and bearing the
number 11212 have been granted to one of us the said Friedrich Hermann Wilke we
employ knives which pass through the dents of the reed and are raised and lowered
with the warp ends the points of the knives being woven in with the warp and severing
the weft to form the pile. The object of our invention is to effect the purposes of the
said former invention by means which are better adapted to the cases wherein
the pile is not very firmly tied in by the warp as is the case with most ordinary
velvets. In order to lessen the tendency for the pile threads to be drawn out we do
not sever a pile pick until it has passed some distance toward the breast beam and is
consequently more firmly held by the succeeding picks. In place of the to some
extent rigid knives we employ wires which pass through the reed as in the case of the
former invention but in place of the front ends being raised when the wires are lifted
by the healds the said front ends remain down and are woven in with the warp ends
for some distance from the line of beat up of the weft the rear ends of the wires being
held by parts which we will term needle bars. As the wires pass through the eyes of
healds it is necessary that the wires should be capable of bending easily so as to
accommodate themselves to the movements of the heaids. The front end of each wire
is either shaped and adapted to sever the weft picks or is provided with a cutting
instrument. Such cutting instrument may be in the form of a knife or cutting blad
which can be removed when it requires sharpening or be in the form of scissors or
cutting shears. According to a method which we have devised a thin knife or cutting
blade is inserted in a sheet metal sheath which is carried by a wire bridle attached to

page_text: the end of the wire or is otherwise secured to the end of the wire and preferably
supported in position by means of a cross bar which is slotted or otherwise adapted to
engage with the knives or sheaths. In place of a single wire we may use a double
wire which at the point of its bend forms a loop in which the cutting instrument can
be seated. In place of such knives we may employ scissors or double cutting blades
hinged or jointed together. Such blades are made suitably thin so that the requisite
number of cutting instruments can be arranged side by side. One blade of each
pair is connected with attached to or formed in one piece with a wire of the series
and is supported in its proper position by means of a cross bar. The other blade is
hinged to a movable bar or is adapted to be acted upon by such bar so that a slight
scissors like action is imparted to all the cutting instruments. During the weaving
a lateral to and fro movement is imparted to the needle bars to compensate for the
bending of the wires due to the action of the healds. To lessen the bending of the
wires we might employ a suitably strong heald in place of the said needle bar and
impart a shedding motion to such heald the line of movement being part of a circle
having its centre coinciding as near as may be with the line of beat up. At.present
we propose to connect the needles in each set to a separate bar but we may find that
one bar only will be necessary.
DUTTON & FULTON,
1, St. James Square, Manchester,
Agents.

page_text: We FRIEDRICH HERMANN WILKE of Bradford in the County of York, Gentleman,
and GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS JOHN SCHOTT of the same place, Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of this Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement and
accompanying drawings :-
Our Invention relates to the manufacture of velvets, plushes and other fabrics
having a pile formed by cutting floating weft as is well understood. In tho carrying
into effect of a former invention for which Letters Patent dated the third day of
September in the year 1886 and bearing the number 11212 have been granted to one
of us the said Friedrich Hermann Wilke we employ knives which pass through the
dents of the reed and are raised and lowered with the warp ends the points of the
knives being woven in with the warp and severing the weft to form the pile. The
object of our Invention is to effect the purposes of the said former Invention by means
which are better adapted to the cases wherein the pile is not very firmly tied in by the
warp as is the case with most ordinary velvets. In order to lessen the tendency for
the pile threads to be drawn out we do not sever a pile pick until it has passed some
distance toward the breast beam and is consequently more firmly held by the
succeeding picks.
Our Invention will be most clearly understood when described more fully with
reference to the drawings of which a description follows:-
Fig. 1 of the drawings is a diagram illustrative of the method of weaving and
cutting the pile fabric. In this Fig. the breast beam and back rail of an ordinary
loom are represented in cross section. The remaining parts of the loom may be of
any suitable construction the representation of such parts not being necessary to the
proper understanding of our invention.
Fig. 2 is an enlargement of part of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a plan view of the parts which appear in Fig. 2.
In Fig. 1 a is the breast beam of a loom is the back rail and c is the crank shaft.
The lay and reed are represented by the dotted lines at d and e. The warps are indicated
by the dotted lines at f. Through the reed are passed wires 9 which correspond in
number with the number of races which are to be formed and cut. In Fig. 4 the front
ends of 13 of a series of these wires appear, but it will be understood that the number
which would be used in practice would depend upon the width of the fabric and the
fineness of the pile. In the cases of striped goods the wires would be arranged in sets
with spaces or intervals between the sets according to the pattern. Each wire extends
through a set of healds and through the reed e and is held at the back of the loom
by a rock shaft i. The forward end of each wire is secured to a race guide and
cutter guard j. One of these guides appears in Fig. 2 and a series in cross section

page_text: in Fig. 3. These guides are each made of thin sheet metal bent into a trough form.
The front end of the guide is formed with a wedge shaped or conically pointed beak j
which serves to raise up the weft float until the latter comes in contact with the
cutting instrument. The said beak is brought to a point and is soldered brazed or
secured to the end of a wire. The rear end of the guide is filled up solid and cut into
a looked form, so that it can be held by means of a cross rail which is secured to
the loom and extends across the same from side to side. Projecting ribs on Cap
plates which are secured to the bar enter the hooks in the guides and keep the
latter in an upright position and prevent them from leaving the rail . This connection
of the guides with the said rail does not prevent lateral movement on the part of the
guides or of the beaks to enable such beaks to adjust themselves to the deviations of
the races from direct lines due to the variations in the cross contraction of the cloth
during the process of weaving. In each guide is inserted a cutting instrument in
such a manner as that it shall meet and sever the weft float in a race as such float
is being raised toward the cutter by the beak j¹. The knives may be formed with
inclined cutting edges or be of a circular form. The latter is the form adopted in the
example illustrated which we are now describing. In the drawings n. n are circular
or disc cutters formed with central eyes to fit a shaft m which extends across the loom
from side to side and is mounted to revolve in bearings. Upon this shaft are threaded
the said circular cutters. A fast key upon the shaft enters a notch in the eye of each
cutter, so that the cutters are prevented from revolving upon the shaft. The cutters
correspond in number with the guides and wires a cutter entering the trough like
part of each guide as seen in Fig. 3. The cutters are not rigidly fixed upon the
shaft, but are free to follow any slight lateral movements which the guides may have.
To keep the cutters upright and approximately in position washers of paper, cloth or
other suitable material may be interposed between the cutters. During the working
of the loom the shaft m receives a revolving motion. The dotted lines o indicate a
band, which connects a small pulley upon one end of the shaft m with a larger pulley
upon the tappet shaft. The shaft m may be driven by an overhead shaft or be
otherwise revolved as may be most convenient in each case. The end of each wire
when held by the rock shaft is formed with a small button shaped head or
enlargement and the wire is dropped into a slit in a comb the head upon the
wire preventing the wire from being drawn out of the comb. The said comb is
_ attached to the rock shaft and the latter is rocked by means of a wiper p which is fixed
upon the crank shaft and acts upon a lever q which is fixed by one end to the rock
shaft. The rocking movement imparted to the shaft i is calculated to be just
sufficient to compensate for the action of the healds h. The ordinary healds which
open the warp sheds do not appear in the drawings. The action of the parts may bo
described as follows-
During the weaving the wires are raised and lowered by the healds in a similar
manner to the warps so that the shuttle at times passes below the wires and at other
times above the wires. At the times when the picks of pile weft are made, the wires or
some of them are drawn down to the bottom of the shed as in Fig. 1 so that the weft
floats over the wires which are thus woven into the races. As the reed beats up the
successive picks the floats of weft are pushed or drawn along the wires. The floats of
weft are thus guided by the wires until they pass on to the beaks j¹ of the guides ; and
are cut by coming into contact with the revolving cutters n. The floats by rising up
the inclined beak are centered so that the severence on the centre line of the race is
ensured. We have mentioned that we may use knives formed with inclined cutting
edges in place of the circular cutters. Such a knife in place within its guide is
illustrated by Fig. 6. The guide j corresponds with the guidesj in Figs. 1 to 4. The
cutter or knife n is made of sheet steel and is formed with an inclined cutting edge n².
As the floats rise up the beak j¹ they come into contact with the edge n and are
severed. The guides may be held by the fixed rail / seen in Figs. 1 and 2 or by a
moveable rail. Fig. 5 illustrates an arrangement in which the hooked ends of the
guides are held by a rail p which is mounted to slide or move toward and from the
back rest b seen in Fig. 1. A shaft m² is mounted to revolve in bearings and is

page_text: actuated by means of a driving band as in the case of the shaft m in Fig. 1. At or
near each end of the shaft is fixed an excentric q which acts upon two saddle
brackets which are fixed upon the cap plates or are otherwise secured to the rail p.
The rail p is adapted at each end to slide in ways which are formed in or applied to
the angle plate a¹ which is fixed to the breast beam a and serves as a support for the
apparatus and for the cloth which passes between the plate a' and the rail p. It will
be understood that when the shaft m is revolved a to and fro motion is communicated
to the rail which moves backwards and forwards above the plate a' and transmits the
motion to the guides j, in which the cutters n' are inserted. The extent of the
movement depends upon the degree of excentricity of the excentrics q. In practice we
find a movement of one eighth to one quarter of an inch to be sufficient. This to and
fro movement of the cutters or knives facilitates their action in cutting the floats of
woft. As the movements of the guides impart sliding movements to the wires within
the races we may take advantage of such movement to permit of the bending of the
wires by the action of the heald. For this purpose it would be necessary to actuate
the rail p positively in order that its movements should be in unison with the movements
of the hoalds. In such a case we should prefer to impart a rocking motion to the
shaft m¹. In Fig. 7 means whereby such a rocking movemont can be obtained are
illustrated. The shaft m² is provided with an arm m³ which is connected by a link m³
with one arm of a lever s which is mounted to rock upon a fulcrum at s¹. The other
arm of this lever is provided with a bowl t¹ which is acted upon by a cam upon the
crank shaft. Such cam would be adapted to lift the arm t once in each revolution of
the shaft and not twice as in the case of the cam t which is adapted to serve a different
purpose as will be hereinafter explained. The cam would be adapted to correspond
with the tappit which actuates the healds so that as the wires would be bent out of
the straight line the guides would move toward the healds such movement being to the
extent either to compensate entirely for such bending or to be in addition to the
compensation effected by the rock shaft i. In the former case the comb might be
fixed. We may fix the cam upon the tappit shaft instead of upon the crank shaft and
make the cam of any suitable form. In Fig. 7 as drawn the rock shaft m³ is adapted
to act upon the cutters. The guides are stationary and the cutters n¹ are moved
backwards and forwards in the guides by the vibrating movement of a bar u which
enters notches in the cutters and is attached to the shaft m'. As the crunk or tappit
shaft revolves the arm t of the lever is lifted twice in each revolution of the cam
whereby the cutters are caused to slide slightly within the guides in a direction toward
the coming floats the return movement of the cutters being effected by means of a
load upon the lever. The arrangement is suitable for cases wherein the wires are
tightly held within the races and therefore can not be freely moved to and fro in the
races. In some cases we propose to attach the ends of two wires or the two ends of a
doubled wire to the beak of each guide. The said wire ends may be attached by
soldering or brazing or by other suitable means. Fig. 8 which is a plan view
illustrates a method of attachment. A hole is formed through the two vertical sides of
the guide and the two wire ends are passed in opposite directions through the said
hole. When the wires are brought into line with the guide as in the drawing the
sharp bends in the wires prevent the wires from drawing out of the hole. The wire
ends might be directly attached to the cutters or be shaped to act as cutters the
separate guidesj not then being required. Fig. 9 illustrates a wire end formed with
or attached to a cutting blade or knife. In soine cases we propose to dispense with
the rock shaft i and comb i or with any means for holding the wire ends at the lack
of the loom and to attach the wire ends to the heald or to "double each wire and pass
the bend or bight of the wire through a heald. Fig. 10 illustrates the latter method.
In this example is a wire which is passed through a heald at and brought back so
that both ends of the wire can be attached to a guide or the two ends may be attached
to two contiguous guides. In Fig. 11 the free end of the wire is pass'd through a
heald or mail and is brought upward or it might be downward so as to extend above
or below the shed the wire end being attached in any suitable manner to the-heald
yarn or wire or to the heald shaft.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said invention
and in what manner the same is be performed we declare that what we claim is :-
(1) In apparatus for weaving cut pile goods the wires each attached by one end to
the beak of a guide or sheath and passing through the reed and harness the wires
being enclosed in the weaving within the races between the pile floats and the ground
and serving to guide the races on to the ends of the cutter sheaths substantially as and
for the purpose set forth and indicated.
(2) In apparatus for weaving cut pile goods the race guides ; each connected by
one end with a cross rail or bar and by the other end with a wire or pair of wires
which passes through the reel and is operated by harness so as to be enclosed within
a race which is to be cut the connection of the race guides with the said cross rail
permitting of some degree of lateral freedom of movement on the part of the wire or
wires substantially as set forth.
(3) In apparatus for weaving cut pile goods a cutter sheath or guard provided with
a beak or wedge shaped point to which a wire is soldered brazed or secured such
wire passing through the reed and being operated by harness in combination with a
cutter for cutting the floats of weft as they are guided by the wire on to such beak or
point.
(4) A race-guide or cutter sheath j attached to a wire or pair of wires and provided
with a cutter or knife n' substantially as and for the purpose set forth and indicated.
(5) In apparatus for weaving cut pile goods a wire passing through the reed and
operated upon by harness so as to be enclosed within a race of the cloth the forward
end of such wire nearest the breast beam being formed with a cutting edge substan-
tially as set forth with reference to Fig. 9 of the drawings.
(6) In apparatus for weaving cut pile goods the wires passing through healds and
reed spaces having their front ends enclosed within the weft float races and attached
to race guides or formed with cutting edges and their rear ends connected with a rock
shaft substantially as and for the purpose set forth and indicated.
(7) The rock shaft-provided with a comb for holding the wire ends substantially as
and for the purpose set forth and indicated.
(8) In apparatus for weaving cut pile goods the wires each attached by one end or
by both ends to a cutter sheath or forined at one end with a cutting edge and passing
through the reed and attached to a heald substantially as set forth and indicated.
(9) The combinations of parts constructed and adapted to act substantially as and
for the purpose set forth and indicated.
Dated this 98th day of March 1889