Improvements in Vertical Steam Boilers.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 29th June, 1889
Complete Specification Left, 26th Mar., 1890-Accepted, 3rd May, 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Vertical Steam Boilers.
I, GEORGE CAWLEY of 70 Market Street Manchester in the County of Lancaster
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to vertical steam boilers and these Improvements consist in
.the construction and arrangement of the constituent parts of the boiler in such a
manner as to secure greater strength, greater evaporative efficiency, a more perfect
circulation, and an improved form which will allow vertical boilers to be constructed
and economically worked having a larger size than is at present practicable..
In constructing a boiler according to my present Improvements, I make the upper
part of the fire-box (the cylindrical portion of which may be corrugated fitted with.
Adamson's rings or strengthened against collapse by other known means) to the form
of a frustum of a cone. I also construct the outer shell of the lower portion of the
boiler so that its upper part is formed to the frustum of a cone coaxial with the
frustum of the fire-box and so that an annular space is left between the coned portions
of the fire-box and the shell and between the two frusta tubes are placed through
which the flame from the fire-box may pass to the outside of the shell. The upper
part of the frustum of the lower outer shell is flanged or may be welded or riveted to
a short flanged tube or channel ring. The upper or steam containing part of the
boiler rests upon the portion already described and consists of two concentric tubes or
'shells closed at their upper ends and having their lower ends formed by two concentric
inverted frusta of cones. The inner shell is strengthened against collapse in the
same way as the fire box. The lower part of the frustum of the outer shell is flanged
or has a short flanged tube or channel ring welded or riveted thereto. The upper
and lower shells of the boiler are connected by means of bolts or rivets passing through
the contiguous flanges of the plates or channel rings.
The inverted frusta of the cones in the upper part of the boiler are connected. by
tubes as in the lower part, so that the heated gases may pass from the outside into the
interior of the upper part of the boiler. The annular wedge-shaped space formed
between the two outside frusta of the upper and of the lower parts of the boiler is
enclosed and forms a smoke box or secondary combustion chamber, and in some cases
this enclosure may be extended to the bottom of the boiler so as to form a hot air
jacket.
The fire box may include a single furnace, two furnaces separated by a fire brick
or water space partition, or three or four furnaces each connected with a common
combustion chamber from which pass the tubes connecting the fire box with the
outside of the shell. When it is desired to provide means for heating the feed water
before its injection into the boiler, a closed cylindrical vessel may be inserted in the
interior of the upper part of the boiler. This cylindrical vessel is provided with
vertical tubes through which the products of combustion may pass and heat the feed
water contained in the vessel.
In the centre of the cylindrical vessel I insert a larger vertical tube or chimney
below which I suspend a fire-clay or iron cone so that when the cone is lifted it will
close the central opening, and when it is lowered the central opening will be available
for the passage of the hot gases. By this means the heating effect of the feed water
heater may be increased or reduced or the boiler draught may be diminished or
increased as may be desired.
When the boiler is in work, the hot gases and flame pass from the fire box through
the tubes into the smoke box or secondary combustion chamber between the frusta of
cones of the upper and lower parts of the boiler, and thence through the tubes in the

page_text: upper part to the interior of the boiler, whence they escape through the feed water
heater (when this is used) to the chimney.
When desired the fire box or fire boxes may contain a suitable form of revolving
grate for the better distribution of the fuel.
App
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Vertical Steam Boilers.
I GEORGE CAWLEY formerly of 70 Market Street Manchester in the County of
Lancaster and at present of 358 Strand in the County of Middlesex Mechanical
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this Invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This Invention relates to vertical steam boilers and the improvements which
constitute the said Invention consist in the construction and arrangement of the
constituent parts of the boiler in such a manner as to secure greater strength greater
evaporative efficiency and so also as to allow vertical boilers to be constructed and
economically worked having a larger size than is at present practicable.
I will describe these improvements with reference to the accompanying drawings
in which Figure 1 is a vertical section of a boiler constructed according to my
Invention. Figure 2 is in the upper half a transverse section along the line S-T
Figure 1 looking downwards and in the lower half a similar section along the
line X-Y Figure 1 looking upwards.
Figures 3 and 4 are similar and corresponding sections of a modification more
especially adapted for boilers of larger dimensions than that for which the modification
shewn in Figures 1 and 2 is more especially adapted.
In constructing a boiler according to my Invention I make the upper part a of the
fire box A (the cylindrical portion of which may be corrugated, fitted with Adamson's
rings, or be strengthened against collapse by other known or convenient means) of
the form of a cone or of the frustrum of a cone. I also construct the outer shell of
the lower portion B of the boiler so that its upper part b is of the form of a frustum
of a cone coaxial with that of the fire box and so also that the frustum b terminates
with a short tube or opening c and that an annular space is left between the coned
portions a and b of the fire box and of the shell.
Tubes E E are fixed in the said conical portions a b and cross the space between
them in such a manner that the flame and products of combustion may pass through
these tubes E E from the fire box A to the outside of the shell. The upper part of
the frustum b of the lower outer shell is flanged and may be bolted or riveted to a
similar flanged part of the upper shell D or of a short tube connecting the two parts,
or it may be welded thereto.
The upper or steam containing part of the boiler rests upon the portion already
described and it consists of two concentric tubes or shells D and F having their
lower ends formed by two concentric inverted frusta of cones d and f. The inner
shell F may be strengthened against collapse by similar means to those herein before
mentioned as applicable to the fire box.
The lower part of the frustum d of the outer shell is connected to the frustum b
by means of a flange or by a short channelled tube and the connection may be made
by bolts, by rivetting or by welding as is well understood.
The inverted frusta of cones d and f in the upper part of the boiler are connected
by the tubes G G as described for the tubes EE in the lower part, so that the
heated gases produced by combustion may pass from the space H into the interior
of the inner shell F. The annular space H formed between the two outside frusta 6
and d of the upper and lower parts of the boiler, is enclosed by the casing I and
forms a smoke box or secondary combustion chamber, and in some cases this enclosure
may be surrounded by a casing extended to the bottom of the boiler so as to form a

page_text: hot air jacket or passage to the upper part of which air is admitted and passes
downwards to the ash pit so becoming itself heated and tending to keep cool the
exterior of the parts to which it is applied. Pipes for heating the air may be used
in place of the lower part of this jacket. In this case the doors i by which access is
gained to the tubes E and G will be double so as to close and open both the casing I
and the said air jacket.
The fire box may include a single furnace as shewn in Figure 1 or it may have two
furnaces separated by a fire brick or water space partition, or it may have a greater
number of furnaces such for instance as three or four each connected with separate
combustion chambers or with a common combustion chamber below the crown of the
fire box from whence the products of combustion issue through the tubes E E.
An arrangement with four furnaces is illustrated by figures 3 and 4. In the
arrangement there shewn the furnaces are circular in horizontal section and the
furnace doors are preferably arranged in pairs on opposite sides of the boiler as
shewn at J J. The lower part of the water space K between the fire boxes nay have
the blow off cock connected thereto.
When it is desired to provide means for heating the feed water before its injunc-
tion into the boiler, a closed vessel L (preferably cylindrical). Figure 3 may be
inserted in the interior of the upper part of the boiler. This vessel is furnished
with tubes as shewn through which the products of combustion may pass on their
way to the chimney and so heat the feed water contained in the vessel which is
provided with inlets and outlets therefor.
In the centre of the vessel II insert a larger vertical tube or chimney below
which I suspend a cone or valve 3 (which may be of any suitable material such as
fire clay or iron) so that when this cone or valve is lifted as for example by the rod
lever counterweight and chain shewn in Figure 3 the said cone or valve 13 will close
the larger tube 2 and when it is lowered the said tube will be available for the
passage of the hot gases to the chimney. By this means the heating effect of the
feed water heater may be increased or reduced or the boiler draught may be diminished
or increased as desired.
When it is desired that the boiler shall raise steam quicklya hollowblock M (Figure 1)
or similar mass may be fixed or suspended in the space between the upper and the
lower parts of the boiler. This will affect an alteration of the ratio of the heating
surface to the water mass in favour of the heating surface.
The inner tube or shell F when the feed water heater is not employed may be
furnished with the cast iron liner N (Figure 1) which will prevent the flames or hot
gases from coming into contact with the boiler plates above the water level. This
liner may be made in quadrants or in smaller sections to enable it to be fitted within
the tube or shell F.
A
The casing I of the secondary combustion chamber is furnished with the smoke
doors i to enable the soot and flue dust to be removed therefrom when required and
to give access to the joint between the upper and the lower parts of the boiler.
man hole f2 (Figure 3) may be constructed in the larger boilers at the bottom of the
inverted frustum f to give access to the interior of the boiler other man holes may
be constructed in any desired parts of the boiler shell and be secured in the usual
manner.
When the boiler is in operation the hot gases and flame pass from the fire box
through the tubes E into the smoke box or secondary combustion chamber H and
thence through the tubes G to the interior of the tube or shell F whence they escape
to the chimney first passing through the feed water heater if it be used.
When desired the fire box or fire boxes may contain a suitable form of revolving
grate for the better distribution of the fuel.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is.
1. In a vertical steam boiler, the combination and arrangement of a fire box having

page_text: its upper part of a conical shape a lower shell surrounding the fire box and having
its upper part formed to the frustum of a cone and terminating in a short tube or
opening, tubes connecting the coned top of the fire box with the frustum of the lower
shell, an upper outer shell terminated below by an inverted frustum of a cone and a
short tube or opening connected to the tube or opening of the frustum of the lower
sheli, an inner tube in the upper part of the boiler having its lower end formed to the
inverted frustum of a coue, tubes connecting the frusta of the shell and of the inner
tube of the upper part of the boiler, and a plate or plates connecting the inner tube
and the shell of the upper part of the boiler so as to enclose the steam space,
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by the accompanying
drawings.
2. In a vertical steam boiler having the combination and arrangement of parts
set forth in the preceding claiming clause, the construction combination and arrange-
ment of two or more fire boxes opening into a combustion chamber immediately below
the conical top substantially as hereinbefore described and as illustrated by
Figures 3 and 4 of the accompanying drawings.
3. In vertical steam boilers, a feed water heater consisting of a vessel having
tubes through which the hot gases from the boiler pass on their way to the chimney,
constructed and arranged in the boiler substantially as herein before described with
reference to Figure 3 of the accompanying drawings.
4. The arrangement and combination of parts constituting the boiler hereinbefore
described and shewn in Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings.
5. The arrangement and combination of parts constituting the boiler herein-
before described and shewn in Figures 3 and 4 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 18th den of March 1800