Improvements in Pipe Joints.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVIDIONAL
Improvements in Pipe Joints.
I, JOHN GEORGE KIRTLEY, of 9, St. Thomas Street, Sunderland, in the County
of Durham, Sanitary Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
My invention relates to the jointing of spigot and socket pipes and refers to
that type of joint wherein a circumferential space is established at the socket
when the pipes are fitted, such space receiving and retaining liquid cement or
other filling material to complete the junction on setting. Generally, in pipes
of stoneware, earthenware or like material, this space is obtained by the adjacent
surfaces of the socket and spigot and by casting linings and sleeves of bituminous.
or other suitable material at a convenient distance apart on these parts residec-
tively, or on the spigot only. In practice, however, these linings and sleeves are
apt to get damaged or broken, hence very often the pipes are rendered defective
and at times utterly useless, to obviate which it has been proposed to make them
integral with the pipes, but owing to manufacturing difficulties the cost has
been so excessive that little or no success has accrued.
The object of my improvements is to overcome the above difficulties simply and
efficiently and though they are primarily devised for the kind of pipes mentioned
yet they are equally applicable to pipes of metal or other material.
To this end, I mould within the socket only and integral therewith, with the
aid of a collapsable or divisible die or former, projecting parts, flanges, ledges
or collars in such manner that, when the spigot is inserted, the requisite circum-
ferential space or spaces for the jointing material is or are obtained.
According to one form of my improvements as applied to stoneware and like
pipes, I make the spigot quite plain with the exception of the usual binding
serrations but make integral with the socket, and within same at its inner end
or adjacent to the usual shoulder therein resulting from the junction of its
diameter with that of the pipe body, a continuous projecting flange or collar of
suitable width and at its outer end or mouth a similar part. I make the depth
of these collars or flanges, or their projection, of an amount such that, when the
spigot end of the pipe to be connected is fitted in the socket, they make contact
therewith, whereon the space for the jointing material is enclosed laterally by
the said flanges and circumferentially by the interior surface of the socket
and the exterior surface of the spigot between them.
The space is adapted for filling in the ordinary manner at one or more points
on the socket circumference.
Further the collar or flange next the shoulder in the socket forms with it a
seat or groove to receive the end of the corresponding spigot pipe thereby pro-
moting perfect allignment with the accompanying advantages.
in producing these special sockets I employ a die or former, corresponding in
external outline with their desired internal contour, and composed of several

page_text: parts appropriately held in proper position in use by a core or a core and ring
or rings or equivalently but capable of expeditious separation to free the pipe
when required.
Dated 10th day of Masal 1900
PRYOR & HARVEY,
Agents.
I, JOHN GEORGE KIRTLEY, of 9, St. Thomas Street, Sunderland, in the County
of Durham, Sanitary Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement: —
My invention relates to the jointing of spigot and socket pipes and refers to
that type of joint wherein a circumferential space is established at the socket
when the pipes are fitted, such space receiving and retaining liquid cement or
other filling material to complete the junction on setting. Generally, in pipes
of stoneware, earthenware or like material, this space is obtained by the adjacent
surfaces of the socket and spigot and by casting linings and sleeves of bituminous
or other suitable material at a convenient distance apart on these parts respec-
tively, or on the spigot only. In practice, however, these linings and sleeves are
apt to get damaged or broken, hence very often the pipes are rendered defective
and at times utterly useless, to obviate which it has been proposed to provide
flanges or enlargements on and integral with the spigot to form the desired space
with the socket, but, owing to manufacturing difficulties, the cost has been so
excessive that little or no success has accrued.
The object of my improvements is to overcome the above disadvantages simply
and efficiently, and though they are primarily devised for the kind of pipes men-
tioned, yet they are equally applicable to pipes of metal or other material.
To this end, I make the spigot end of the pipe quite plain, but mould within
the socket, and integral therewith, projecting parts, flanges, ledges or collars in
such manner that, when the corresponding spigot is inserted, the requisite cir-
cumferential space or spaces for the jointing material is or are obtained.
In order that my invention may be fully understood and carried into practice
I will fully describe it in reference to the accompanying sheet of drawings,
wherein Fig. 1 is a longitudinal central section of a stoneware or earthenware
drain pipe joint embodying my improvements and Fig. 2 is a transverse section
of same on the line X-X in the previous figure.
A is the socket of one pipe and B is the spigot end of the pipe to be connected
thereto. The spigot pipe B is made plain and provided with the ordinary binding
serrations or the like for the jointing material. The socket A, however, is pro-
duced with integral, internal, continuous flanges, collars or rings a, a, the former
being located adjacent to the usual shoulder a resulting from the junction of
the diameter of the pipe body with that of the socket, and the other, a¹, at the
outer end or mouth of the latter. The depth of these collars or flanges a, a, or
their projection from the normal surface of the socket A, is made of such an
amount that when the spigot B is fitted as customarily, they abut thereon or
make contact therewith as shown in Fig. 1, consequently a space or cavity (for
the jointing material results which is enclosed laterally by the said flanges or
rings a, a, and circumferentially by the inner surface of the socket A and the
exterior surface of the spigot B intervening therebetween. This cavity ( is

page_text: The
filled with the selected jointing material by means of the usual running-in and
rising holes c, c, of which there may be any appropriate number depending
on the nature of the filling, and when it sets the joint is ready for use.
flange a, in addition to assisting in the obtainment of the cavity C, also serves
to constitute, with the shoulder a², a seat or groove for the end of the spigot B
thereby promoting perfect allignment with the accompanying advantages.
In manufacturing the sockets as described, I employ the known methods and
machines, the die being arranged so that it can be expanded and contracted for
respectively producing the flanges a, a¹ and permitting its removal from the
finished pipe without damaging the flange at the socket mouth. A. die of this
description, as is well understood, consists of segments corresponding in external
outline with the internal contour of the socket and adapted to be moved, manually
or mechanically into the desired position, singly or together.
I have described and illustrated à joint having one cavity C only, and though
this is the general practice and sufficient for most pipes, still there may be two or
more such cavities, procured by providing on the socket, between the flanges or
rings a, a, a similar flange or ring or flanges or rings.
Further, though I have explained my invention in regard to single bore pipes,
I wish it understood, as will be evident without additional drawings or descrip-
tion, that it is applicable to two or more bore pipes, such as conduits for electric
wires or cables.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said in-
vention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
In pipe joints of the spigot and socket type, forming the socket with integral,
internal, continuous flanges, collars or rings for abutting on the corresponding
spigot when placed in position, thereby constituting the cavity or cavities for the
jointing material, substantially as described.
Doted this 20th day of December 1898