AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING EXTRACTS OF FUSTIC AND OTHER DYE WOODS, BARKS AND OTHER VEGETABLE MATTERS
Year: 1884

page_text: I HAROLD RIMMER, of 47, Canning Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Analytical Chemist do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for AN
IMPROVED PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING EXTRACTS OF FUSTIC
AND OTHER DYE WOODS, BARKS AND OTHER VEGETABLE MATTERS to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object the concentration of Extracts, namely Infusions,
of Fustic and other Dye woods, Bark and vegetable matters in such a manner as
avoid discolouration of such extracts and at the same time dispensing with the
expensive plant employed in the vacuum process as now practised in such
manufacture.
The essential feature of my improved process consist in concentrating by
evaporation (the liquor which has first been brought to a strength of 10' Twaddell
and reduced and inaintained at a temperature of 80° to 90° Centigrade) by the
application of air, which is forced through the liquor until the liquor is concentrated
to the required strength.
In the carrying out of my Invention, I use a boiling kettle, or still, a weak
liquor store tank and a concentrating vat, heated by a steam coil, in addition to
the concentrating vat, I use a second concentrating vat, which is provided with a
steam coil and with a device for distributing air through the liquor. This device
may take the form of a perforated pipe, or pipes, or rose to which the air is supplied
by any suitable blowing mechanism.
Two other
The cycle of operation of my improved process is as follows: the material from
which the dye is to be extracted is placed in the kettle which is filled up with
water and after boiling, or "washing" the liquor is forced into the first concen-
trating vat; the kettle is a second time filled with water and after boiling, or
"washing" the liquor is again forced into the first concentrating vat.
"washings" of the material are then forced into the store tank; these are weak
washings" the kettle is then emptied and refilled with material and the liquor
from the store tank is used for the first two "washings" of the new charge, which
"washings" are forced into the first concentrating vat. The liquor is then con-
centrated in the vat to about 10' Twaddell, which strength can be obtained without
"

page_text: discolouring the liquor, but if sufficient heat were used for higher concentration
the liquor becomes discoloured, or "burnt." For further concentration and to
bring the liquor to a requisite strength and without discolouration, I lead the liquor
into the second concentrating vat, in which I keep the liquor at a temperature.
between 80° and 90° Centigrade and I force air through the liquor until it is
evaporated to the necessary strength.
By my Invention I am enabled to bring the liquor to a greater density than can
be accomplished by the vacuum process and I am enabled to concentrate the liquor
without the danger of discolouration which occurs in the ordinary open process.
Dated this twenty eighth day of June 1884.

page_text: An Improved Process of and Apparatus for Manufacturing
Extracts of Fustic and other Dye Woods, Barks, and other
Vegetable Matters.
"
I HAROLD RIMMER of 47 Canning Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Analytical Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for AN
IMPROVED PROCESS OF, AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING EXTRACTS OF FUSTIO
AND OTHER DYE WOODS, BARKS AND OTHER VEGETABLE MATTERS and in what
manner the same. is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
This Invention has for its object the concentration of Extracts, namely Infusions
of Fustic, and other Dye Woods, Barks and other Vegetable Matters in such a
manner as to avoid discolouration of such extracts and at the same time dispensing
with the expensive plant employed in the vacuum process as now practised in such
manufacture.
The essential feature of my improved process, consists in concentrating by
evaporation (the liquor which has first been brought to a strength of 10 Twaddell
and which is reduced to and maintained at a temperature of 80° to 90° Centigrade)
by the application of air, which is forced through the liquor until the liquor 'is
concentrated to the required strength.
In the carrying out of my Invention as applied to the production of the extracts
before mentioned, I use a boiling pan, or kettle, or still, a weak liquor store tank
and a concentrating vat, heated by a steam coil; in addition to the concentrating
vat, I use a second concentrating vat, which is provided with a steam coil and
with a device for distributing air through the liquor. This device may take the
form of a perforated pipe, or pipes, or rose to which the air is supplied by any
suitable blowing mechanism, or exhauster.
16
The cycle of operation of my improved process is as follows: the material from
which the dye is to be extracted is placed in the pan, or kettle which is filled up
with water and after boiling, or " washing," the liquor is rún, or forced into the
first concentrating vat; the pan, or kettle is a second time filled with water and
after boiling, or washing" again, the liquor is again run, or forced into the first
concentrating vat. Two other "washings" of the material are then forced into the
store tank; these are weak "washings"; the pan, or kettle is then emptied and
refilled with material and the liquor from the store tank is used for the first two
washings" of the new charge which washings are run, or forced into the first
concentrating vat. The liquor is then concentrated in the vat to about 10 Twaddell
which strength can be obtained without discolouring the liquor, but if a tempera-
ture of above 80° or 90° Centigrade were used for higher concentration the liquor
is liable to be discoloured, or "burnt." For further concentration and to bring the
liquor to a requisite strength and without discolouration, I lead the liquor into the
second concentrating vat, in which I keep the liquor at a temperature between 80°
and 90° Centigrade, and I force air through the liquor until it is evaporated to the
necessary strength.

page_text: By my Invention I am enabled to bring the liquor to a greater density than can
be accomplished by the vacuum process and I am enabled to concentrate the liquor
at a higher temperature without the danger of discolouration than in the ordinary
open process. And although in setting forth my Invention as above, I have
described it as applied to the higher concentration of liquors, I would have it
understood that my Invention can also be applied with useful effect either by
itself, or in conjunction with other known modes of concentration, such as heat-to
the concentration of the weaker liquors in the earlier stages of such concentration.
For example; in concentrating the liquor in the first concentrating vat up to
10 Twaddell, as before stated air may be forced through the liquor with useful
effect as an auxiliary to the heat employed in concentrating it.
In order that my Invention may be clearly understood, namely sufficient to
enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make, use, and put the
same into practice, I have hereunto attached a sheet of Drawings making a part of
this Specification and which are marked with letters and figures of reference which
correspond with those in the following explanation, like letters and figures being
used to denote the same, or corresponding parts throughout the various views and
figures.
In the Drawings which illustrate the apparatus I use
Figure 1, is a plan of the apparatus.
Figure 2 is a front elevation of the apparatus.
Figure 3 is an end elevation of the apparatus.
Figure 4 is a section through X X Figure 1.
To carry my Invention into effect for example when applying it to the manu-
facture of extracts of logwood I use a kettle, or still A for boiling and extracting
the colouring matter from the logwood, or other substance, a store tank B heated
by a steam coil B¹ and a concentrating vat C heated by a steam coil D and provided
with an agitator G, and it may also be provided with an air distributer similar to
that in the vat E, herein described. In addition to the concentrating vat C I use a
second concentrating vat E which is provided with a steam coil F and also provided
with a device for distributing air through the liquor in the vat E. This device
consists of a series of perforated pipes H to which air under pressure is supplied by
the pipe e from the receiver J of the blowing apparatus J. K is a hot water tank.
a is the liquor pipe from the kettle A and provided with a swivelling nozzle a¹
whereby the liquor can be discharged from the kettle A either to the vat C, or to
the store tank B. b is the steam pipe for supplying the heating coils of the
apparatus. d is the connecting pipe between the vats C and E. g is a connecting
pipe between the store tank B and the kettle A. The connecting pipes of the
apparatus are all supplied with. shut off cocks, as shown, but not lettered in the
Drawings.
The following is the cycle of operation I employ when manufacturing extracts of
logwood according to my Invention. The logwood from which the dye is to be
extracted is placed in the kettle A, which is filled up with water from the tank K;
heat is applied to the kettle A and the contents of the kettle are boiled. After
boiling, or "washing" the liquor is forced from the kettle A through the pipe a and
through the nozzle pipe a' into the first concentrating vat C. The kettle A is
refilled with hot water from the tank K and after a second boiling, or "washing"
the liquor is forced through the pipe a nozzle pipe a¹ into the first concentrating
vat C. Two other "washings" of the material are then taken in the kettle A.
These two "washings" are forced through the pipe a and the nozzle pipe a¹ into
the store tank B, the nozzle pipe al having been first turned so as to discharge into
the store tank B. These two last "washings" are weak "washings." The kettle A
is then emptied and refilled with logwood, and the liquor from the store tank B is
used for the first two boilings, or "washings" of the new charge in the kettle A
which "washings" are forced as they are made, through the pipe a and the nozzle
pipe a into the first concentrating vat C. The liquor in the vat O is agitated by.

page_text: the agitator G and concentrated by boiling by the heat from the steam coil D and
air as above described until the liquor has attained a strength of about 10 Twaddell,
which is about the greatest strength that can be obtained by boiling without.
discolouring the liquor; if the liquor is concentrated to a higher strength by boiling,
it becomes discoloured, or burnt. For further concentration and to bring the liquor
to the requisite strength of say 20-51 Twaddell or higher and without dis-
colouration, the liquor is led from the concentrating vat C into the second concen-
trating vat E in which the liquor is reduced to, and then kept at, by the steam
coil F, a temperature between 80° and 90° Centigrade. Air is then supplied to the
perforated pipes H from the blower J and forced through the perforated pipe H
into and through the liquor in the vat E until such liquor is evaporated and
concentrated to the necessary strength.
By the herein before described process and by the application of air in this
manner, the liquor can be brought to a greater density than can be accomplished
by the known vacuum process and the liquor can be concentrated at a higher
temperature and consequently at a greater speed (to a greater density) without the
danger of discolouration than in the known open process when the liquor is heated
above a comparatively low temperature.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
First The improved process substantially herein set forth of manufacturing
extracts of Fustic, Logwood, Lima wood, Sapan and other Dyewoods, Quircitron
and other Barks Sumac, Myrabolams, and other vegetable matters, which process
consists in concentrating by evaporation by the application of air, which is forced,
or drawn through the liquor until the liquor is concentrated to the required
strength, as set forth.
Second In apparatus for manufacturing extracts of Fustic, Logwood, Lima
wood, Sapan and other Dye woods, Quircitron and other Barks, Sumac, Myrabolams
and other vegetable matters, the combination with a tank, or vat, of a device for
distributing air and an air forcing engine operating as set forth for the purposes
specified.