IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS OR COMBINATIONS OF MACHINERY FOR FINISHING THREADS OR YARNS OF COTTON OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Oliver Ormrod and Robert Hall, of Eagley, near
Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVED
ARRANGEMENTS OR COMBINATIONS OF MACHINERY FOR FINISHING THREADS
OR YARNS OF COTTON OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Oliver Ormrod and
Robert Hall at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 10th March 1870.
.
We, OLIVER ORMROD and ROBERT HALL, of Eagley, near Bolton, in
the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS OR COMBINATIONS OF MACHINERY FOR
FINISHING THREADS OR YARNS OF COTTON OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be
as follows:
This Invention relates to the various operations to which threads or
yarns in hanks are subjected after bleaching or dyeing in order to finish

page_text: them, such as washing, blueing, soaping, starching, shaking down,
and stretching, and consists in substituting for the ordinary stocks and
washing machines, and the shaking down and stretching by hand,
improved machinery, in which the various operations are performed
so efficiently as to prevent the entanglements and breakage of the
threads which take place in the present mode of working. In strong
framework we place a pair of stationary bearings and two pairs of
bearings capable of being moved up and down, and in the stationary
bearings is placed a roller to which revolving motion is given, and in
the other bearings rollers for pressing and stretching. In connection
with the revolving roller there is a set of beaters and below them
another set of beaters, both sets being worked by ordinary tappets,
and below the bottom roller there is a trough provided with one or
more perforated pipes communicating with cisterns containing the
washing, blueing, soaping, and starching liquors. All the rollers extend
on each side of the framework, and the pressing and stretching rollers
are worked by means of steam acting alternately on the top and bottom
of a piston in a steam cylinder, the piston rod being connected to the
moveable bearings carrying the pressing and stretching rollers, or
instead of steam, compressed air, the pressure of water, or well known
mechanical movements may be employed. The hanks are placed at
each side of the framework on the roller in the stationary bearings,
and also on the stretching roller, and after the soaping or other
liquor is turned on, revolving motion is given to the first-mentioned
roller, and steam supplied to the top of the piston, so as to give
travelling motion to the hanks and press and stretch the threads,
the beaters at the same time beating the hanks as they travel onwards.
One set of beaters beat against the hanks at the middle of the re-
volving roller, where there is solidity sufficient to enable the beaters
to permeate the liquor through, and between the threads; but the other
set of beaters play on the hanks between the rollers in order to tap and
shake the threads to take out the snarls and prevent entanglements.
When the soaping operation is completed the liquor is turned off and
clear water turned on, and afterwards starch when required, and when
the operations are completed the revolving roller is stopped and the
steam cut off from the top of the piston and turned on to the bottom in
order to raise the rollers and loosen the hanks, which are then removed,
and a fresh set of hanks put on at each side of the framework, and

page_text: the operations repeated continuously as required, and as the threads are
stretched in straight lines during the operations of pressing and beating
they are not only free from snarls and knots, but lie uniformly side
by side in an open and even manner.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Oliver Ormrod and Robert Hall, in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 10th September 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, OLIVER
ORMROD and ROBERT HALL, of Eagley, near Bolton, in the County of
Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-third year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto us, the said Oliver Ormrod and Robert Hall, Her special license
that we, the said Oliver Ormrod and Robert Hall, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Oliver Ormrod
and Robert Hall, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, usc, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVED ÅRRANGEMENTS OR COMBINATIONS OF MACHINERY FOR. FINISHING.
THREADS OR YARNS OF COTTON OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," upon the con-
dition, amongst others, that we, the said Oliver Ormrod and Robert
Hall, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under
the hand and seal of one of us, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office, within six calendar months next and immediately after the date.
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Oliver Ormrod and Robert

page_text: manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement,, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the various operations to which threads
or yarns are subjected after bleaching or dyeing, in order to finish
them, such as washing, blueing, soaping, starching, shaking down, and
stretching, and consists in substituting for the ordinary stocks and
washing machines, and the shaking down and stretching by hand,
improved machinery, in which the various operations are performed
so efficiently as to prevent the entanglements and breakage of the
threads or yarns which take place in the ordinary mode of working.
The manner in which this Invention is to be performed will be clearly
understood by the following particular description thereof, reference
being had to the figures and letters on the accompanying Sheet of
Drawings, in which Figs. 1 and 2 are front and end elevations of one
arrangement of our improved machinery for finishing threads or yarns,
Fig. 3 a transverse section of part of the same, and Figs. 4 and 5 are
front and end views representing additional parts to be used when
required; and in all the Figures similar letters represent similar parts.
In strong upright frames or standards a, Figs. 1 and 2, we place
stationary bearings 6 and two pairs of bearings c, d, capable of moving
up and down, and in the stationary bearings b is placed a shaft e, to
which is fixed a pulley f, and at each end a roller g. The bearings c
carry one end of two shafts h, having their other ends working in
bearings formed in hangers i fixed to the horizontal frame k, to which
are bolted upright bars 1, and to the shafts are fixed the pressing
rollers m.
To the bearings d are cast or fixed blocks n, each block and
bearing holding a shaft o, having at each end a roller p, used for
stretching the hanks q, and the blocks n are bolted to the cross head »,
fixed to the piston rods of a piston in the steam cylinder t provided
with a steam chest, steam passages, and slide valve, and when the
pressing and stretching rollers are in their highest position, as shewn
in Figs. 1 and 2, the upright bars / rest on the blocks n. In connection
with each roller g there is a set of beaters u hung on the stationary
rod v, both sets of beaters being worked by revolving tappets w fixed
to the shaft x, having fast and loose pulleys y, and below each roller p
there is a trough z in connection with perforated pipes communicating
with cisterns containing the washing, blueing, soaping, and starching

page_text: liquors, two of such pipes being marked a¹, and in each trough there
are as many discharge pipes as required. The pressing rollers m excrt
their pressure by their own weight combined with the weight of the
horizontal frame k, the upright bars 1, beaters u, and other parts in
connection with them, and the stretching rollers p are moved up and
down by means of steam acting alternately on the top and bottom of
the piston in the cylinder t, the slide valve being worked by the handle
lever 6', rod c¹, and lever d. When the threads or yarns have to be
finished, the rollers 9 are made to revolve by connecting the strap e¹
with a driving pulley and the stretching rollers p are raised by the action
of the steam on the under side of the piston, the pressing rollers m
being also raised by the blocks n and bars to allow space for the
hanks to be put on the two rollers 9 and p at each side. The steam
is now caused to act on the top of the piston to draw down the cross.
head r, blocks n, bearings d, shafts o, and rollers p, so as to stretch
the threads and give them travelling motion, and as the blocks are
lowered the upright bars 7, the horizontal frame k, with the pressing
rollers and parts connected to it descend, until the rollers are in contact
with the threads on the rollers g, as shewn in Fig. 3, the blocks n,
descending below the bars and leaving spaces between them according
to the stretching of the hanks. If soaping liquor is required to be used
it is now turned on and the beaters are put in motion, and as the hanks
travel onwards they are pressed and squeezed by the rollers m and
beaten with the beaters u, and as the beaters act against the middle of
the rollers g there is sufficient solidity to enable them to force the
liquor through and between the threads, and after the tappets have
knocked the beaters against the threads, the beaters are taken off by
the springs f¹, one for each beater. When the soaping operation is
completed the liquor is turned off and clean water turned on, and
afterwards blucing and starching liquors, when required, and when the
operations are completed, the steam is cut off from the top of the piston
and turned on to the bottom, in order to raise the rollers p and m and
loosen the hanks, which are then removed and a fresh set put on at
each side of the machine, the operations being repeated continuously
as required, and as the threads are stretched in straight lines during
the operations of pressing and beating they are not only free from
snarls and knots but lie uniformly side by side in an open and even
manner. In connection with this machine we also employ additional

page_text: beaters when desired to play on the hanks between the rollers in order
to take out the snarls with greater rapidity and certainty, and these
beaters in connection with the other beaters and rollers are shewn in
Figs. 4 and 5, in which m represents the pressing rollers; g, the driving
rollers; p, the stretching rollers; q, the hanks; u, the primary beaters;
and g, the additional beaters, which are worked by tappets on the
shaft x in the same manner as the tappets for the other beaters. It
is evident that the arrangement of this description of machinery can
be modified in various ways without departing from the system of
having the several finishing operations performed in one machine, for
instead of steam being used for operating on the piston compressed air or
the pressure of water may be employed, or these may be substituted by
well known mechanical movements, and instead of hanging the beaters
at the top of the machine they and the tappets for working them may
be placed on shafts near the floor, and the various pipes and cisterns
are arranged according to the requirements.
Having now described the nature and particulars of our said Invention
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, we desire it to
be understood that we do not claim any of the parts taken singly, but
what we do claim is, the arrangement and combination of the several
parts to form machinery for finishing threads or yarns as herein described
and illustrated in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Oliver Ormrod, for and on behalf
of myself and the said Robert Hall, have hereunto set my hand
and scal, this Sixth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy.