IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Bullough, of Blackburn, in the County o
Lancaster, Manager, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS."
Sealed the 31st May 1859, and dated the 15th December 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Bullough at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
December 1858.
I, JOHN BULLOUGH, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Manager,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
Looms," to be as follows:-
I give the required motion to any suitable number of healds for forming the
shed according to the required pattern, by attaching the healds to cords
passing over guide pulleys, which cords are connected to other cords, wires, or
rods, having collars, knobs, or hooks upon them. At the top or other con-
venient part of the loom I work one or more rocking or oscillating shafts,
having upon them bars or plates, with slots or indents in line with the afore-
said cords, wires, or rods, so that when the latter are pressed by pegs on a
lattice or cylinder, the slots in the rockers catch hold of the collars, knobs, or
hooks, and pull the cords, wires, or rods the length of the stroke, thereby,
raising the healds, and forming the shed as required, springs being employed
for the return movement. Each slotted bar or plate may be parallel or taper
as desired, and either form part of a shaft or be connected to a cylinder, conical
or otherwise.

page_text: Instead of making slots in the rockers, I may attach the wires or rods to
them, and raise or depress the latter by pattern projections, so as to operate
upon the healds and form the shed.
I also change the positions of a drop box by means of the rockers, which
latter are put in motion either by the ordinary tappets and treddles, or by
levers near the frame ends.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Bullough in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
15th June 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
BULLOUGH, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Manager, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said John Bullough, Her special licence that I, the said John
Bullough, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said John Bullough, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John
Bullough, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Bullough, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say) :-
:-
I give the required motion to any suitable number of bealds for forming the
shed according to the desired pattern, by attaching them to cords passing over
guide pulleys, which cords are connected to other cords, wires, or rods in a

page_text: horizontal position, having collars, knobs, or hooks upon them. At the top or
other convenient part of the loom I work one or more rocking or oscillating
shafts, for the purpose of giving an oscillating or sliding movement to one or
more bars, plates, or knives, so that when the aforesaid horizontal cords, wires,
or hooks are pressed on their tops by pegs on a pattern cylinder or lattice,
the knobs or hooks shall either be put on or taken off the bar or. bars,
and thereby raise the healds or leave them free, according to the bend of
the hooks. When two bars are employed they are connected at each side.
by a horizontal bar, in order to procure their simultaneous movement, the
return stroke of the healds being performed in the usual manner by weights or
springs. The form and dimensions of the parts are varied according to the
requirements of the kinds and sizes of looms, but the peculiar arrangements
of placing the hooks, wires, or cords in a horizontal position, and the horizontal
movement of the bars, plates, or knives, are maintained throughout.
These improvements, will be clearly understood by reference to the figures:
and letters on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, in which I shew a few
arrangements of my Invention.
Fig. 1.represents a front elevational section of an apparatus or arrange-
ment in which horizontal hooked wires are employed in connection with
oscillating bars or knives for the purpose of raising the healds of a loom;
Fig. 2, an external elevation of the same, and Fig. 3 an end view thereof;
Fig. 4 is a front elevational section of an apparatus for a similar purpose, but
shewing a different form of hooked rods or wires, and also a different shape of
the bars, or plates, or knives; Fig. 5 is an external elevation of the same, and
Fig. 6, an end view thereof; Fig. 7 is a front elevational section of an
apparatus in which the oscillating shaft gives a horizontal movement to
horizontal bars forming a slide, to which bars, plates, or knives are connected
for seizing or pulling horizontal wires, having hooks or knobs; Fig. 8, an
external elevation of the same, and Fig. 9 an end view thereof; Fig. 10, a
detached movement adapted for Fig. 7; Fig. 11, another arrangement of hori-
zontal hooks and levers for raising the shed; and Fig. 12, a spring for keeping
the pattern cylinders steady.
In Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, the healds are represented at a,
attached to the quadrants b, to one series of which are connected the two
cords c and d, which pass over the guide pulleys e, and are fastened to the
horizontal hooked wires or rods f and 9, which are guided in the grids / in
the small framing i. Above the wires or rods are the pattern cylinder j,
furnished either with pegs or driving a pegged lattice, so that when a peg
presses on one of the hooked wires the upper part shall be depressed, and

page_text: when there is no pressure the same part shall spring upwards. When the
books seen in Figs. 1, 2, and 3 are depressed, they come in contact with the
oscillating bars or knives & fixed to the arms on the oscillating shafts m,
on each of which are the levers n, connected together at each side by the
horizontal bars o, one of which has a pin or projection placed in the slot of a
lever q, which is attached to the shaft r, working in bearings in the small
framing i, on which shaft is fixed the chain wheels, having a to-and-fro motion
imparted to it by connecting the chain t to rods or wires attached to the
ordinary treddles. The pattern cylinders are turned as required by the ratchet
wheels u and catches v.
In Figs. 4, 5, and 6 I represent another form of oscillating knives, consisting
of plates w attached to oscillating levers x, which are connected together at
each side by the horizontal bars y, and baving to-and-fro motion imparted to
them by fixing on one of the shafts the chain wheel connected by a chain
and rods to the treddles. One of the bars y is furnished with a standard a²,
for holding the pins of the catches ', which operate alternately upon the
ratchet wheels c¹, and give the desired motion to the pattern cylinders or
lattice.
The hooked wires are shewn at d¹ and e¹ with their hooks turned upwards,
so that when not pressed by pattern pegs, the plates or knives shall operate
upon them and raise the healds; but when the pegs press the wires down, as
seen at d¹, the plates or knives cannot act upon the hooks, and consequently
the healds are in their lowest position, and there retained as long as required
by the springs at the bottom of the healds,
In Figs. 7, 8, and 9, I represent an arrangement in which a horizontal
sliding motion is given to the plates or knives, the hooked wires being of the
same form, and acted upon in the same manner as in the Figs. 4, 5, and 6.
The plates or knives are shewn at f¹ attached to the two horizontal bars g¹,
thus forming a frame or slide, seen in plan in Fig. 13, which works in its to-
and fro motion upon projections on the small framing i, and has motion
imparted to it by the levers ¹ on the shaft l' having a to-and-fro motion.
obtained from the treddles in a similar manner to those before described. The
catches for turning the ratchet wheels are connected to levers n', put in
motion by studs or rollers on the sides of one of the horizontal bars g¹.
.
Fig. 10 represents a lever of the form of a toothed quadrant or segment,
which works in the teeth of a rack, forming part of or connected to one of the
horizontal bars g, which quadrant lever working in the rack, gives a hori
zontal to-and-fro motion to the slide or frame formed by the horizontal bars
and the plates or knives in the same manner as effected by the lever k¹

page_text: In Fig. 11, representing another arrangement for regulating the shedding
motion, the horizontal hooked wires are shewn at o', fixed to oscillating or
sliding plates or bars p', the hooks turn downwards, and when pressed by the
pattern pegs come in contact with L levers or cranks q', connected by the cords
r to the quadrants s¹, the elasticity of the wires lifting them off the cranks
when not acted upon by the pegs.
When there is a large number of healds, and it is desired to give a greater
depth of shed at the back than at the front, I make the levers which actuate
the bars, plates, or knives of different lengths, the longer lever being at the
back and the shorter at the front, and each bar, plate, or knife working on a
pin, so as to yield to the given length at each stroke.
In Fig. 12 I shew a spring t', which presses against the wheels u¹ on the
shafts of the pattern cylinders so as to maintain them
as to maintain them steady between the
intervals of motion.
Having thus fully described the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire it to be distinctly
understood that I do not confine myself to the precise details herein set forth,
as such may be varied or modified without departing from the principle
thereof; but I claim as my Invention, and which to the best of my know-
ledge and belief has not been hitherto used within the realm, the application
to looms of hooked wires or cords mounted with knobs placed horizontally,
which are depressed by pegs on a pattern cylinder or lattice so as to be put on
or taken off oscillating or sliding bars, plates, or knives which work in a
horizontal direction, and are attached either to levers or horizontal bars
forming the sides of a frame or slide, as such improvements are herein
described and illustrated in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Bullough, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Tenth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named John Bullough in the
presence of
JOHN BULLOUGH. (L.S.)
E. J. HUGHES, Patent Agent,
Manchester.