IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Hamerton, of Wakefield, in the County of York,
Architect, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS."
Sealed the 28th June 1878, and dated the 23rd March 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Hamerton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd March 1878.
ALFRED HAMERTON, of Wakefield, in the County of York, Architect. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN STEAM BOILERS."
The object of my Invention is to improve that class of boilers known as Cornish
boilers by giving an increased heating surface in a given area. For this purpose in
an ordinary boiler shell or casing I fit three tubes, which are rivetted to the front
and back end plates in the usual manner. The tube, in which is placed the fire, is
fitted in the centre and near the bottom of the shell or casing, sufficient space being
left for the free circulation of the water. The second tubo is fitted on one side of
the bottom tube, and slightly above the bottom or first, tube, and the third tube is
fitted on the other side of the bottom tube, and slightly above the second tube.
The three tubes may be fitted level, or have an inclination or rise, the bottom or
first tube rising towards the end of the boiler, the second tube rising towards the
front, and the third tube rising towards the end to increase the draught.
The three longitudinal tubes are connected together by one, two, or more con-
necting tubes; these tubes are made smaller in diameter than the longitudinal
tubes fitted in the shell of the boiler, and can be made straight or conical. The
bottom or first tube is connected by the connecting tube or tubes to the second
longitudinal tube near the end of the boiler, and the second longitudinal tube is
connected to the third longitudinal tube by the connecting tube or tubes near the
front of the boiler.
The fire-place is fitted in front of the bottom or first tube and the other end or
this tube; also the front and bottom end of the second tube and the front end
of the third tube are fitted with suitable frames and folding doors, so constructed
....All

page_text: that they hermetically close the longitudinal tubes when shut, and allow an easy
access for cleaning the tubes when required.
The fire and heated gases travel through the bottom or first longitudinal tube,
passing through the connecting tube or tubes to the second longitudinal tube, tra-
velling through the second tube, passing through the connecting tube or tubes to
the third longitudinal tube, and passing through this tube to the back flue.
The outlet of the third longitudinal tube can either be conducted direct through
a flue to the chimney, or to a flue under the boiler, and through side flues of the
boiler setting into the chimney.
The boilers may be constructed with the three tubes fitted in the shell, slightly
increasing in diameter from the bottom or first tube to the back end of the third
tube, thereby allowing a larger area or space for the expansion of the heated gases
as they travel from the fire to the chimney. By those means I construct boilers
with an increased heating surface in a given arca, producing a rapid generation of
steam.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Alfred Hamerton in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 4th
September 1878..
ALFRED HAMERTON, of Wakefield, in the County of York, Architect.
MENTS IN STEAM BOILERS."
$
IMPROVE-
The said Invention relates to improvements in that 'class of boilers known as
Cornish boilers, by giving an increased heating surface in a given area. For this
purpose in an ordinary boiler shell or casing I fit three tubes or flues, which are
rivetted to the front and back ond plates in the usual manner. The first or bottom
tube, in which is placed the fire, is fitted in the centre and near the bottom of the
shell or casing, sufficient space being left for the free circulation of the water. The
second tube is fitted on one side of and slightly above the first tube, and the third
tube is fitted on the other side of the first tube, and slightly above the second tube.
The three tubes may be fitted level, or have an inclination or rise, the first or bottom
tube rising towards the end of the boiler, the second tube rising towards the front,
and the third tube rising towards the end to increase the draught.
The three longitudinal tubes are connected together by one, two, or more con-
necting tubes; these tubes are made smaller in diameter than the longitudinal tubes
or flues, and can be made either straight or conical. The bottom or first tube is
connected by the connecting tube or tubes to the second longitudinal tube near the
end of the boiler, and the second longitudinal tube is connected to the third longi-
tudinal tube by the connecting tube or tubes near the front of the boiler.
The front of the first tube or flue is made larger in diameter at the fire-box'than
the remaining portion of the tube or flue, and is made excentric at the fire-place
portion, allowing room for fire-grate surface. The other end of the bottom or

page_text: first tube, also the front and bottom ends of the second tube, and the front end of
the third tube are fitted with suitable frames and doors so constructed that they
hermetically seal or close the longitudinal tubes when shut, and allow an easy access
for cleaning the tubes or flues when required.
The fire and heated gases travel through the first or bottom flame tube or flue,
passing through the connecting tube or tubes at the back to the second longitudinal
tube or flue, travelling through the tube or flue, passing through the connecting tube
or tubes at the front to the third longitudinal tube or flue, and passing through this
tube or flue to the back, and thence to the chimney.
The outlet of the third longitudinal tube or flue can either be conducted direct
through a flue to the chimney, or to a flue under the boiler, and through side flues
of the boiler setting into the chimney.
The boilers may be constructed with the three tubes or flues fitted in the shell,
slightly increasing in diameter from the first or bottom tube or flue to the back end
of the third tube, thereby allowing a larger area or space for the expansion of the
heated gases as they travel from the fire to the chimney. By these means I construct
boilers with an increased heating surface in a given area, producing a rapid genera-
tion of steam.
I may employ boilers constructed as herein-before described for heating or
warming buildings, rooms, and hot-houses.
But in order to enable my improvements to be better understood I will proceed
to describe the same by reference to the accompanying Drawing, in which,-
Figure 1 represents a sectional side elevation of my improved boiler.
Figure 2, a side elevation, with part of the shell removed, shewing the three
longitudinal tubes or flues.
Figure 3 represents a sectional front elevation on the line O, P.
Figure 4, sectional back elevation on the line Q, R; and Figure 5, a sectional
plan of the boiler on the line S, T.
Similar letters of reference are used in all the Figures to represent similar parts.
In an ordinary boiler shell or casing A I fit three tubes or flues B, C, D, which
are rivetted to the front plate E and back plate F. The first tube or flue B is
fitted in the centre near the bottom of the shell, sufficient space G being left for the
free circulation of the water. The second tube or flue C is fitted on the side of and
slightly above the tube B, and the third tube or flue D is fitted on the other side of
the first tube B, and slightly above the second tube C; these tubes or flues may be
fitted level, or have an inclination or rise, the tube B rising towards the end of the
boiler, the tube C towards the front of the boiler, and the tube D towards the end
of the boiler to increase the draught.
The tubes or flues B, C, D, are connected together by one, two, or more connecting
tubes H, which are made smaller in diameter than the tubes B, C, D, and are made
either straight or conical. The tube B is connected to the tube C near the end of
the boiler by the tube or tubes H, and the tube C is connected to the tube D near
the front of the boiler by the connecting tube or tubes H². The tube or flue B is
inade larger in diameter at I for the fire-place, meeting the remaining part of the
tube or flue Bat J, leaving a space K for the passage of the flame, smoke, and gases over
the bridge L to the inside of the tube B. The fire-place tubo I is eccentric to
the tube or flue B, which allows room for the fire-bars M, and gives more fire-grate
surface.
The tubes or flues B, C, D, are fitted in front and at the back with suitable frames
and doors N to hermetically scal or close the back end of the tube B, front and
back ends of the tube C, and front end of the tube D. The doors give an easy
access for cleaning the tubes or flues when required.
The flames, gases, and smoke travel from the fire-place through the back part of
the first tube B, passing through the back connecting tube or tubes H, returning
through the second tube or flue C, and passing through the front connecting tube
or tubes Hs into the third tube or flue D, and thence through the outlet of the third

page_text: tube or flue D, direct through a flue to the chimney, or to a flue under the boiler,
and through side flues of the boiler setting into the chimney.
The tubes or flues B, C, D, may be made slightly increasing in diameter from the
end of the tube or flue B to the outlet of the tube D to allow a larger area or space
for the expansion of the heated gases as they travel or pass from the fire-place to
the chimney.
I also employ similarly constructed boilers to those herein-before described and
represented in the annexed Drawing for heating or warming buildings, rooms, and
hot-houses.
Having thus described my improvements, and the best means I am acquainted
with for carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood that I do not
confine myself to the precise details shewn and described, as these may be varied
without departing from the peculiar character of the Invention, but what I do claim
is,―
Firstly. The construction and employment of boilers having three tubes or flues
connected by connecting tubes for giving an increased heating surface in a given
area, substantially as described and represonted by the accompanying Drawing.
Secondly. The construction and employment of fire-boxes made semi-bottle shaped
to the remaining portion of the fire tube or flue, substantially as herein described
and represented in the annexed Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Hamerton, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Sixth day of August, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-eight.
Witness,
WALTER JAS. TURNER, C.E.,
Patent Agent,
Bradford.
ALFRED HAMERTON. (L.S.)