Improvements in Ball-bearings.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Jan., 1894-Accepted, 21st Apr., 1894
Improvements in Ball-bearings.
We, JULIUS PETER JENSEN and ANDREAS JOACHIM LUDVIG TREBBIN, both
of 16 Victoriagade Copenhagen V, in the Kingdom of Denmark, Merchants,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
The object of the present invention is to change the sliding friction in bearings
of any kind into a rolling one by the use of balls (or rollers) placed in channels in
such a manner that by means of the projecting edges of these said channels the
said balls are kept in their places and thus prevented from falling out even if the
axle be removed from its bearing.
In the accompanying drawing,
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a bearing constructed according to our
invention.
Figure 2 is a cross section of the same on the line
of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a similar section showing the channels formed in the bearing.
Figure 4 is a longitudinal section of a modified form of bearing.
Figure 5 is a cross section of the same, on the line ' ' of Figure 4, and
Figures 6 to 11 show further modifications.
The above mentioned channels a' and the projecting edges a" thereof, may as
shown in Figures 1 and 2, be made by boring holes in the axle proper A, or in its
bearing L, Figure 3, or they may be formed in a box, B B' which, according to
circumstances, is either placed in the bearing box, Figures 4, 5 and 6, or secured to
the axle, as in Figure 7.
In the instances set forth the channels a' and the projecting edges all thereof are
shown parallel with the axle A. but these channels may also be arranged in planes at
right angles with the axle. Figures 8 and 9 show a box B fastened to the bearing,
and Figures 10 and 11 a box B₁ fastened to the axle, in both cases the centres of
the halls lie in circles concentric with the axle A ; in these last mentioned instances
the channels a' and the projecting edges a" thereof therefore lie in planes at right
angles to the axle.
In order to prevent the hard balls wearing grooves in that part of the construction
not occupied by the channels a¹ and the projecting edges a¹¹ thereof, this part may
be provided with a removable, wear-box C of a suitable hardness which may,
according to circumstances be made conical or cylindrical. This wear-box which
may be fixed in any suitable manner is shown in Figures 1, 2, 7, 10 and 11 fixed to
the bearing and in Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 9 fixed to the axle.
Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section and Figure 2 a cross section of a cylindrical
axle A with bearing L, which is lined with a removable wear-box C. As will be
seen from the figures, the bored channels whose cross-section must necessarily be such,
that the friction produced by the rotation of the balls is as small as possible, are
formed in the axle proper, so that their axes are parallel with that of the axle; as
the distance between the projecting edges a" of each channel (Figure 2) is less
than the diameter of the balls, these are consequently prevented from falling out,
when the axle is removed from its bearings. The balls project slightly outside the
periphery of the axle and will consequently during the rotation, roll on the wear-
box C, while the axle itself does not come into contact with the wear-box. The
borings or ball grooves may be closed by plugs (Figure 1) or by other suitable
means

page_text: Figure 3 shows a cross-section of a bearing L with channels that run parallel
with the axle A, to which a wear-box C is attached. The channels and the
projecting edges all are therefore parallel with the axle.
Figure 4 shows a longitudinal section and Figure 5 a cross-section of a conical
wheel-nave with box B, in the borings of which, parallel with the axle-tree arm,
are placed the balls, which roll on the removable wear-box C and in the box B,
the borings being for instance closed by plugs C. The projecting edges all lying
on a conical surface, parallel with the axle-tree arm.
In special cases it may be desirable to apply more balls than is possible in the
arrangements herein described. Figure 6 shows as an example how double rows of
balls may be placed in the box B, which is fastened to the bearing, while Figure 7
shows a similar arrangement with the box B' fastened to the axle A.
Figure 8 shows a longitudinal section and Figure 9 a cross-section of an axle A,
on the removable wear-box C of which the balls a, placed in the box B roll. The
latter box consists of a hollow cylinder, provided inside with rings d, which form
channels a' the projecting edges all of which prevent the balls a from falling out.
The centres of the balls lie according to this arrangement in circles, that are
concentric with the axle, and the projecting edges a" in planes at right angles with
the axle. Figure 8 shows a single ball-groove at each end of the box B; double
ball-grooves may as a matter of course also be used here and between these two
one or more single or double ball-grooves (Figures 10 and 11). The above-described
arrangement may also be used for conical bearings.
Figure 10 shows a longitudinal section and Figure 11 a cross-section of a box B',
attached to the axle A, of a similar construction to the one just described, only
differing therefrom in having the rings d fixed on the outside; the bearing L
being lined with the removable wear-box C. Between the five rings d of the
box B' are, as an example, 4 double ball-grooves a concentric with the axle, fixed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. Ball-bearings applicable to rotary motions of any kind, in which the balls a
are placed in channels a' which are either parallel with the axle (A, Figures 1-7)
or lie in planes at right angles with the said axle, as in Figures 8-11 and in both
cases being prevented by projecting edges all from falling out, when the axle (or
the axle-tree-arm, or the gudgeon) is disconnected from its bearings L, substantially
as set forth.
2. In the ball-bearing above described, the manner of construction in which the
channels a¹ and the projecting edges all formed by boring or in any other suitable
way, are arranged in the axle A itself (Figures 1 and 2), substantially as set forth.
3. In the ball-bearing above described the manner of construction in which the
channels a' and the projecting edges a" formed by boring or in any other suitable
way, are placed in the bearing L itself (Figure 3), substantially as set forth.
4. In the ball-bearing above described, the manner of construction in which the
channels a' and the projecting edges a are formed in a box B attached to the
bearing L (Figures 4-6 and 8-9), substantially as set forth.
5. In the ball-bearing above described, the manner of construction in which the
channels a¹ and the projecting edges a" are formed in a box B' attached to the axle
(Figures 7 and 10-11), substantially as set forth.
6. In the ball-bearing above described the arrangement of a removable wear-box C
placed either in the bearing L or on the axle A and concentric with the latter
(Figures 1-11), substantially as set forth.
Dated 01 1
C
1000
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicants.