Improvements in Dynamo Electric Machines or Motors.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Jan., 1859
Complete Specification Left, 2nd Oct., 1899-Accepted, 30th Dec., 1899
FRUYIDUAL DEMOTIVATION
Improvements in Dynamo Electric Machines or Motors.
I, HENRY MONNARD, of 6, Rue Pagés, Suresnes, Departement de la Seine, in the
Republic of France, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
be as follows:-
xo.
This invention relates to a dynamo electric machine which may be either
bi-polar or multi-polar and which is characterized by the absence of a bridge
piece connecting the electro magnets. The machine is especially adapted to
serve as a motor for driving motor vehicles, but it may also be employed
with advantage, either as motor or dynamo in various industrial applications,
for example, in the case of three-wire systems.
This machine comprises essentially two armatures rotating around axes
arranged in continuation one of the other, between the polar extensions of two
fixed field-magnets arranged parallel with these axes, in the space between two
armatures. The magnetic flux circulates in a continuous manner through the
two field magnets and the two armatures, invariably passing from a field maguet
into an armature, and from this armature into the succeeding field magnet;
each armature serves as a bridge or yoke with respect to the other. This
characteristic arrangement enables the bridge or yoke and all magnetic joints
to be dispensed with; by this means useless magnetic resistances are reduced,
whilst the weight of the machine may be diminished, which is a very great
advantage as regards applications to motor vehicles. In addition to this, in
this last named application, by rendering the two armatures independent one of
the other, the driving couples acting upon the two wheels may be balanced at
any moment, proportionately to the resisting couples exerted by each of them,
the flux being distributed in the two armatures in the direct ratio of their re-
actions. This property of my machine renders the differential movement
ordinarily adapted to driving axles absolutely useless and replaces such movement
with advantage.
My invention is not only applicable to bipolar machines, but also to machines
having four, six eight or a greater number of poles. In the case of a multi-
polar machine, having 2 n poles for example, the two armatures are arranged
between the polar extensions of 2 n field magnets arranged parallel with the
axis of the armatures as in the first case; the flux then passes in a continuous
manner from a field magnet to the adjacent field magnets in traversing the
armature arranged between the corresponding-pole pieces, without the necessity
for either culasse or magnetic joint.
The motor is constituted by two ring armatures and by the two field magnets
the cores of which are arranged parallel with the axis common to the two
armatures.
The polar extensions in which the cores terminate, extend concentrically with
the armatures upon a portion of their periphery.
Each of the armatures is mounted loose upon a fixed shaft by means of a hub

page_text: provided either with ordinary bearings or with roller or ball bearings. A pinion
fixed upon the hub transmits the movement of the armature to a toothed wheel
fixed upon an intermediate shaft supported by ordinary roller bearings; this
shaft carries a second pinion gearing in its turn with the wheel rigidly fixed
upon the shaft which is rigidly connected with the wheel keyed upon the shaft
which latter is rigidly connected with the driving wheel.
The shafts and the speed reducing gear-wheels are enclosed in a gear-case
which terminates externally in a roller-hearing upon which bears the suspension
spring supporting the body of the vehicle.
The fixed or armature shaft is rigidly connected with supports to which the
cores of the field magnets are fixed.
In order to conduct the current to the collector of each motor, a carbon holder
is fixed by means of a nut upon the free extremity of the armature shaft.
The vehicle is completed by a coupler enabling the motor current to be regu-
lated, and by steering mechanism the shaft of which passes through the coupler.
When the current passes into the armatures the field magnets being excited
by a suitable current, the two armatures commence to rotate and drive the
wheels of the vehicle by means of the shafts and the speed-reducing gear-wheels.
The magnetic flux circulates in a continuous manner, normally, that is to say
when the resisting couples are equal upon the two upper shafts the flux travers-
ing the two armatures are equal; but if the resisting couple increases on one
side, the flux increases in the corresponding armature and decreases in the
other, so that there is obtained without mechanical connection the same result
as with a differential mechanism.
By employing an independent source of electricity to excite the field-magnets
the motor is enabled to recuperate, during descents, a portion of the energy
expended.
In the case of multipolar machines, the operation is the same as that pre-
viously described; the only difference consisting in the fact that the magnetic
flux traverses a portion only of an armature in order to pass from one field
magnet to the following, instead of traversing the whole at a time.
When the machine is employed as a dynamo, for example in a three-wire
system of electrical distribution, it will be found advantageous that the two
armatures should rotate with the same speed, and in this case they may be fixed
upon a shaft common to them both.
Dated this 3rd day of January 1899.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in Dynamo Electric Machines or Motors.
I, HENRY MONNARD, of G, Rue Pagés Suresnes, Department de la Seine, in the
Republic of France, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention has for its object the provision of an electric dynamo' which
constitutes a motor specially suitable for auto-traction.
This machine is more particularly characterized by the two armatures rotating
between two or more field-magnets independent one of the other; and being
arranged in tension upon two separate shafts.

page_text: From this combination of the two armatures mounted in tension across the
same induction flux, it results that the speed of rotation is greatly reduced; it
being easy to verify that this speed is half that of a single armature having
double the diameter. This reduction in speed has the advantage of permitting
if desired the direct rotation of the wheels of the auto-vehicle.
Furthermore the two separate or independent armatures by being traversed
by the same induction flux constitute a tension balance, that is to say in turning
round for example one of the armatures slackens in speed to a certain extent
while the other increases its speed at the same rate. For example if the arma-
tures make 400 revolutions while the vehicle is travelling in a straight forward
direction and if, owing to the vehicle turning round, one of the armatures
decreases speed to 200 revolutions the other arinature tends to assume a speed
equal 400 and 200 or 600 revolutions.
This action is not produced in ordinary electric differentials having their
armatures traversed each by a special magnetic flux.
The accompanying drawing illustrates by way of example a bi-polar machine
applied as a motor to an auto-car.
Figure 1 is a horizontal section on the axis of the motor
Figures 2 and 3 are cross-sectional views on lines 2-2 and 3-3 Figure 1.
Figure 4 is an end view partly in section; showing the motor applied to the
vehicle, the two portions of the mechanisms, and the transmission gear.
This motor comprises the two armatures rings a and b. and the two field
magnets c and d, the cores e f of which are arranged parallel to the common
axis of the two armatures. The polar extensions e el fi fl at the end of the
cores e and extend concentrically over a portion of the peripheral surface of
the armature. Each armature is mounted loose on a shaft g by means of a hub h
furnished with ordinary bearings or with rollers or ball bearings. A pinion i
fast on the hub h transmits the motion from the armature to a toothed wheel *1
keyed upon an intermediate shaft j supported in ordinary or in ball bearings k.
This shaft carries a second pinion m in gear with a wheel m² keyed upon the
shaft n which is integral with the driving wheel p.
The shafts and n and the speed reducing gear are enclosed in a carrier or
gear case 9 terminating in roller bearings upon which rests the suspension
springs S supporting the body of the vehicle.
The stationary shaft 9 is integral with a supporting arm t to which the cores
of the field magnets are fixed.
To conduct the current to the collector of each motor a carbon holder u is
fixed by means of a screw to the free end of the shaft g.
The arrangement is completed by a coupler enabling the motor current to
be varied and by a steering mechanism the spindle y of which passes through
the coupler.
When the current passes into the armatures a and b, the field magnets e and d
being excited by a suitable current, they start rotating and then impart motion
to the driving wheels of the vehicle through the intervention of the shafts j
and axles n and the speed-reducing gear. The magnetic flux circulates con-
tinuously say in the direction and b.
Bay
The magnetic flux normally passes entirely through each armature, that is to
when the resisting couples are alike, each armature, being subjected to the
same induction flux opposing the same force against electro-motion rotates with
the same speed. But if an increase in the resistance diminishes this counter-
electro-motive force in one of the armatures that of the other armature increases
at the same ratio although the flux of induction remains the same, and owing
to this the decrease in spced which is thus produced on the one side causes an
increase of speed on the opposite side. This is an important result due to the
application of this invention to auto-cars, for it renders the turning round of the
vehicle much easier and less dangerous.
The invention is applicable not only to bi-polar machines, but also to machines

page_text: having 4, 6, 8 or more poles. In case of a multipolar machine having 2n
poles for example the two armatures are arranged between the polar enlarge-
ments of the 2n magnets disposed parallel to the axis of the armature; the
induction flux passes again entirely and in a continuous manner from one magnet
to the other magnets through the successive portions of the two armatures with-
out requiring a yoke-piece or a magnetic joint.
When the machine is employed as a generator for example for 3-wire dis-
tribution it is advisable that the two armatures should revolve at equal speeds
and for this purpose they may be fixed upon shafts rendered integral with each
other.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. A bi- or multi-polar electric dynamo comprising two armatures mounted
in tension upon two independent shafts between the polar-extensions of the 2, 4
and so forth 2n field-magnets which are devoid of any magnetic-joint between
each two so that magnetic flux circulates in. a continuous manner and always
with an equal quantity through the magnets and through the two armatures by
passing alternately from one magnet into an armature then from this armature
into the next magnet, while the electro-motive force and consequently also the
speed of rotation vary in each armature in proportion to the efforts of resistance.
2. An electric dynamo machine as claimed in Claim 1 comprising two arma-
tures each fixed upon an independent shaft placed in axial alignment and
rotating between the pole-pieces of two or several stationary and independent
field magnets disposed parallel to the said shafts in such a manner that the
two armatures close the magnetic circuit between the different magnets and
serve so to speak as their yoke-piece from one to the other.
6. An electric dynamo machine as claimed and comprising in combination
two armatures fixed to independent shafts, field-magnets independent of each
other and provided with pole-pieces at each extremity adjoining the two arma-
tures, and an arrangement of pinions and intermediary shafts permitting of
the connection of the shafts of the two armatures with the two separate axles
of the driving wheels of the auto-car.
Dated this 2nd day of LOU
1030
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.O.,
Agents for the Applicant.