ROVEMENTS IN LAMPS AND APPARATUS FOR AFFORDING OR SUPPLYING ARTIFICIAL LIGHT
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Islington Bache, of Glasgow, in the County
of Lanark, North Britain, Glass Manufacturer, for the Invention of
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS AND APPARATUS FOR AFFORDING OR SUPPLYING
ARTIFICIAL LIGHT,"
Sealed the 8th May 1857, and dated the 12th November 1856:
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Islington Bache
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th November 1856.
I, GEORGE ISLINGTON BACHE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark; North
Britain, Glass Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS AND APPARATUS FOR AFFORDING OR SUPPLYING
ARTIFICIAL LIGHT," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to various modifications of and improvements upon
the glass shades or covers for gas jets and other artificial lights, and the means
of fixing or attaching the same to their holders; and also to certain novel
arrangements of gas burners or apparatus used for the actual combustion
of illuminating gas, and apparatus for regulating and adjusting the flow of gas
to the burner. The improved glass shades are produced entirely by moulding
or blowing in moulds, all ornamental figuring upou them being moulded
[Price 8d1

page_text: instead of being cut. When intended for internal use in shops or at shop
doors, the shades have in each case the name of the proprietor with the nature
of his business and the number of his house or shop moulded upon them, so
that they afford a most effecting means of advertising. When applied for street
lamps, the name of the street similarly moulded upon the shades, provision
being always made for the marks and names being prominently visible both by
day and night. The shades are each held upon their platforms or supporting
galleries by means of a set of hooked pins standing up from the open gallery or
carrying ring of the gas pipe. The bottom of the shade has an internal neck-
piece moulded upon it, and turned inwards and upwards for the hooks to
overlap. One of these hook pins is moveable, so that when the shade is
put in its place the loose pin can be turned round to fix it. For out-
door purposes a separate ornamental top cap-piece is provided, being set a
littlo clear of the top of the shade, and held up by any convenient support.
In cases where a very small jet is required to be constantly burning, so as to
afford a ready means of obtaining a full light, the gas burner is formed with
three several jets, one central one, which is for the minute flame, and one on
each side to burn in combination for the full flame. The gas pipe lins two
separate stop-cock adjustments, one governingnduct communicating with the
central burner, and the other with the two external burners. Thus the user
can adjust the small flame to any desired size for constant burning, whilst, by
turning the other cock, streams of gas can be made to issue through the two
external jets, and become lighted by contact with the central flame.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Islington Bache in the Great Seal Patont Office
on the 11th May 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
ISLINGTON BACHE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Glass
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said George Islington Bache, Her special license that I, the said George
Islington Bache, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others

page_text: as I, the said George Islington Bache, my executors, administrators, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereaftor during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS AN APPARATUS FOR AFFORDING OR SUPPLYING ARTIFICIAL
LIGHT," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said George Islington
Bache, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Islington Bache, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement in writing, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
My said Invention relates to various modifications of and improvements
upon the glass shades or covers for gas jets and other artificial lights, and the
means of fixing or attaching the same to their holders; and also to certain
novel arrangements of gas burners or apparatus used for the actual combustion
of illuminating gas, and to apparatus for regulating and adjusting the flow of
gas to the burner. The improved glass shades are produced entirely by
moulding or blowing in moulds, all ornamental figuring upon them being
moulded instead of being cut. When intended for internal use in shops or at
shop doors, the shades have in each case the name of the proprietor with the
nature of his business and the number of his house or shop moulded upon
them, so that they afford a most effective means of advertising. When applied
for street lamps, the name of the street is similarly moulded upon the shades,
provision being always made for the marks and names being prominently
visible both by day and night. The shades are each held upon their platforms
or supporting galleries by means of a set of hooked pins standing up from the
open gallery or carrying ring of the gas pipe. The bottom of the shade has an
internal neck-piece moulded upon it, and turned inwards and upwards for the
hooks to overlap. One of these hook pins is moveable, so that when the shade
is put in its place the loose pin can be turned round to fix it. For oud-door
purposes a separate ornamental top cap-piece is provided, being set a littleclear
of the top of the shade, and held up by any convenient support.
In cases

page_text: where a very small jet is required to be constantly burning so as to afford a
ready means of obtaining a full light, the gas burner is formed with three
several jets, one central one, which is for the minute flame, and one on each
side to burn in combination for the full flame. The gas pipe has two separate
stop-cock adjustments, one governing a duet communicating with the central
burner, and the other with the two external burners. Thus the user can
adjust the small flame to any desired size for constant burning, whilst by
turning the other cock, streams of gas can be made to issue through the two
external jets, and become lighted by contact with the central flame.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood, I shall
now proceed to describe the several illustrativo Figures on the explanatory
Sheet of Drawings which I have hereunto appended, for the purpose of
showing certain modifications under which my improvements may be
judiciously carried out in practice.
Figure on my Sheet of Drawings is an elevation of one modification of
my improved gas burner and shade; Figure 2 is an elevation of another
arrangement of gas shado as fitted with an adjusting cap piece, for protecting
the flame from currents of air and preventing the emission of smoke;
Figure 3 is an elevation of a burner and shade, having an improved form of
gallery for supporting the glass shade applied thereto; Figure4 is an elevation
partially in section, of an arrangement for securing the shade to the gallery;
Figure 5 is a plan, corresponding to Figure 4; Figure 6 is a vertical section
of a gas burner with my improvements applied thereto.
Que modification of my improved shade or cover for gas burners or lamps is
mude of the form shown in Figurel of my Sheet of Drawings. This shade A is
made of glass, which is caused to take the shapeshown in the Drawing by mould-
ing the glass whilst in a melted or plastic condition within a suitable inetallic
mould. Or the glass in its plastic state may be blown into the different parts of
the moulds,and thereby caused to take the required shape. Atthe upper part of
the shade is a raised edge or fillut B, surrounding the opening in the glass;
below this raised edge the glass bulges outwards, forming a dome at the upper
part of the shade. At the base of the dome C the glass is curved inwards
and made to form a graceful sweep towards the narrowed part which rests
upon the gallery. A highly ornamental appearance may be given to this
curved portion of the shade by painting decorative figures thereon, or by
staining the whole or a portion of the compartments into which the lower part
of the shade may be divided. This part of the shade may also be decorated
with figures or designs formed of differently coloured glass, either moulded or

page_text: cast thereon,the effect of which may be heightened by ajudicious combination
of ground and transparent surfaces of the shade itself, as shown in Figures 1
and 2 of my Sheet of Drawings. The lower edge of the shade is curved
inwards and then bent upwards, forming a groove or ledge to receive the pins,
by means of which the shade is secured to the gallery of the burner. The
gallery D cousists of a metal ring, corresponding to the diameter of the lower
part of the shade, and attached to the buruer by means of a screw in the
usual manner. On the upper side of the ring D is a hooked pin E, curving
outwards, and fixed to the ring D; upon the opposite side of the ring is another
and similar pin F, but made with a screw, which passes through the gallery
ring D. The lower end of the screw has a milled head, by means of which the
booked part may be turned and raised or lowered as required. Before placing
the shade upon the gallery, the pin F' is turned in wards, the grooved edge of
the shade is passed under the fixed pin E, and the shade allowed to rest upon
the gallery D; the pin F is then screwed downwards if necessary, and its
hooked end left curving outwards in the groove or ledge of the shade. By
this means the shade is securely fastened to the gallery, and cannot be removed
therefrom either by shaking the burner, the action of the wind, or other acci-
dental causes. In cases where the gas burner is peudent, as shown in Figure 2
ofn.y Sheet of Drawings, the shade is suspended by means of three or four light
arms G, which project laterally from a collar or shoulder formed on or fitted
to the pipe of the buruer. The glass shade rests at its upper curved part upon
the arms Gby means of which it is securely held. The shade shown in Figure
2 is somewhat modified in form to that before described, the central part of the
shade being made with a vertical surface or space H, upon which inscriptions
are intended to be moulded in glass. Thus, where shades of this kind are
required for street lamps, the name of the street is moulded in glass of a
different colour to the shade itself, so as to be visible both by day and night.
For the use of shopkeepers and others, the name of the proprietor and the
nature of his business or number of his house would form the announcement
moulded upon the shade, as represented in Figure 2 of my sheet of Drawings.
In cases where the gas burner is placed outside a building, or in situations
exposed to strong currents of air, a cap or bell I is fitted above the shade.
The cap or bell is supported by wire arms J, attached to the screw cap K;
these wires are curved outwards at their lower ends to afford a firm support
for the cap or bell I. By means of the screw cap K, the bell may be raised
or lowered in order to regulate the distance of the bell from the shade below,
and thereby obtain an increased amount of light from the burner, at the same
time protecting the flame from currents of air.

page_text: Another modification in the arrangement for supporting my improved
shades for gas burners is shown in Figure 3 of my Sheet of Drawings.
The gallery L consists of a double ring of metal; the upper one M forms
a vertical band, which clips or tightly comproзses its lower part of the
shade. In order that the shade may be held firmly and steadily in the ring M,
the shade is made with a shoulder at its lower part which fits the ring M
This shoulder N is shown in Figure 2 of my Sheet of Drawings, and as the
ring M of the gallery fits this part tightly, all shaking and insecurity of
the shado is avoided.
Another arrangement or mode of securing the shade of a gas burner to the
gallery is shown in Figures 4 and 5 of my Sheet of Drawings. The opening O
in the bottom of the shade is of an elliptical form, and the shade has a curved
groove Pround this opening, as shown in the sectional view, Figure 1. T'wo
pins Q are fixed in the metal ring of the galiery R; those pins are curved at
their upper parts, or bent at right angles, as shown in the Figure. The
pins Q are placed at such a distance apart as will admit of the longer portion
or major axis of the elliptical opening in the shade passing over them; the
shade is then turned partially round, so as to bring the uarrower part of the
opening under the bent part of the pins Q. The shade is thus firmly
secured to the gallery and prevented from shaking or falling off.
The last part of my Invention has reference to improvoments in the
arrangement and construction of gas burners. One modification of my
improved burner is shown in vertical section in Figure 6 of my Sheet of
Drawings.
This arrangement of burner has three apertures in the jet, by means
of which the gas is emitted, and affords facilities for burning a very small
flame, or a broad flame, as may be required, both flames being regu-
lated by separate stop-cocks. The central small tube S supplies the gas
for the minute flame; the gas flows through the vertical passage T as
it passes from the supply pipe, thence by the diagonal passages U, shown
in dotted lines, to the tube S. The flow of gas through the passages
U is controlled by the stop-cock arrangement V, which consists of a collar
ground to fit the external part of the burner accurately. The stop-cock V has
a channel made in it, by means of which tho two diagonal passages U are
made to communicate with each other when the cock is turned, so as to bring
the channel opposite the passages. The gas for the larger flame Hows through
the two passages W, which communicate with the channels in the stop-cock X,
thence by the upper passages Y, to the jet, from which it issues through the
augular openings at each side of the central tube S, the passages W and Y

page_text: being closed by turning the stop-cock X, in the same manner as the passages
U are closed by means of the stop-cock V. By means of this arrangement the
small central flame maybe kept burning continuallyata very trifling expenditure
of gas, and a broad luminous flame may be instantly obtained by simply turning
the stop-cock X so as to bring the passages W and Y in communication with
each other. Instead of the burner being made with a separate part forming
the jet through which the gas flows round the tube S, and out by the angular
openings, the central passage S and the passages Y may be bored or other-
wise formed in the metal of the burner itself. In this case the passages Y
may be first bored in a vertical direction and the upper part of each then
plugged; the angular openings may then be bored into the perpendicular
passages, by which means the gas will issue in converging jets, as before
described. One important advantage to be derived from the use of my
improved burners consists in the superiority of the light obtained from a
smaller consumption of gas than is required for the ordinary burners. The
central flame of my improved burner greatly increases the brilliancy of the
flame produced by the gas issuing from the angular openings, and the
quantity of gas required for the larger flame is much less than is used in
burners made without the central tube.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I may observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict
myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to
describe or refer to, as many variations may be made therefrom without
deviating from the principles or main features of my Invention; but what
I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to me by the hercin-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,―
First, the system or mode of moulding or otherwise manufacturing glass
shades for gas burners for lamps of the form herein-before described, and
shown in my Sheet of Drawings.
Second, the system or mode of moulding or otherwise forming letters or
figures on my improved shades to serve as advertisements or announcements,
as herein-before described.
Third, the system or mode of ornamenting or decorating my improved
shades either by painting, staining, grinding, or cutting, or by a com-
bination of these processes, as herein-before described.
Fourth, the application and adaptation of a cap or bell to the upper part
of the shade, for the purpose of preventing the flame of the burner from
being affected by currents of the air, as herein-before described.

page_text: Fifth, the system or mode of affixing glass shades to gas burners or
lamps by means of a groove made at the lower edge of the shade and in
combination with the improved galleries, as hercin-before described.
Sixth, the arrangement and construction of gas burners or jets, by means of
which two distinct flames may be used separately or combined, each being
controlled by a separate stop-cock arrangement, is herein-before described.
In witness whereof, 1, the said George Islington Bache, lave hereunto
set my band and seal, this Ninth day of May, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-seven.
GEORGE ISLINGTON BACHE. (L.B.)