NEW AND USEFUL IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PRINTING
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Isaac Adams, of the State of Massachusetts, of the
United States of America, for the Invention of "NEW AND USEFUL
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PRINTING."
Sealed the 3rd April 1855, and dated the 24th October 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Isaac Adams at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th October 1854.
I, ISAAC ADAMS, of the State of Massachusetts, of the United States of
America, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "NEW AND
USEFUL IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PRINTING" to be as follows:-
Firstly, it consists in a mechanical combination by which the motion pro-
duced by a crank and pitman or connecting rod is so modified and commu-
nicated by an alternate or rocking lever to the toggle joints as to produce the
impressions, and so as to give the same toggle joints the necessary intervals of
rest and reciprocating motion; the same consisting of the alternator and a
connecting rod or pitman in combination with said crank and said toggle
joints, or any other mechanical equivalents, acting substantially as specified, the
said toggles having a roller, or any mechanical substitute therefor.
Secondly, it further consists in a mechanical combination employed to
operate the frisket carriage, or impart to it with the inking rollers and nippers

page_text: their peculiar intervals of rest and reciprocating motions towards and away
from the form of types; the same consisting, first, of an alternator or rocking
lever; second, a lever or arms, their rocking shaft and roller connected with
the alternator or rocking. lever and frisket carriage; third, a rocking shaft
arm, connecting rod, and the crank, or any mechanical equivalent or equiva-
lents therefor. By such combination of mechanical parts the inking rollers
move over the type, the paper is placed on the frisket, then brought over the
type, the inking rollers receive more ink, and during the dwell the impression
is taken by the apparatus first described.
Thirdly, it further consists in combining with the alternator and pitman,
above mentioned, a slide, operated by a treadle, whereby the pressman at
any time while the said alternator is in motion is enabled by the treadle to
prevent the alternator from being thrown or moved against the toggles (or
rollers thereof), sufficiently to straighten or move the said toggles into line
with one another.
Fourthly, it further consists in a combination of a rod and its arm springs,
ketches, grooves, stops, and a rotating cam to actuate the nippers, to cause
them to take a sheet of paper when the frisket moves towards the platten.
Fifthly, it further consists in a combination of the said nippers with a frisket
carriage, operated in the peculiar manner above described.
Sixthly, it further consists in a combination of mechanism for obtaining
register by a moveable stock, points, levers, cams, and a spring.
Seventhly, it further consists in a means or method of changing the position
of the register points, so as to range with each other across the feed board and
the sheet, either in one direction or the other, in order to enable the pressman
to turn the sheet, and point its second side in another direction.
Eighthly, it further consists in causing the nippers to rest from their hori-
zontal motion (or from that motion by which they are carried towards the
sheets of paper) while they are being closed on the said sheets of paper, and
while the carriage or part from which they receive said motion continues its
movement.
Ninthly, it further consists in a manner or means of constructing the
nippers, that is to say, the making the upper blades somewhat longer than the
lower blades thereof, whereby the said upper blades are made to project
beyond the said lower blades, in order that they the said upper blades may be
pressed down upon the edge of the sheet of paper on the tympan or feed
board, so as to hold the paper still thereon while the said lower blades are
being brought up to secure said paper in the nippers, the same being of
importance for the security of good register.

page_text: Tenthly, and for the additional security of good register, my Invention
further consists in withdrawing the register points from the paper after it has
been seized by the nippers, but previously to its being started from the place in
which it has been adjusted or pointed, the same being necessary to secure good
register, and prevent any enlargement of the point holes or tearing of the paper
at the point holes made through it.
Eleventhly, it further consists in so constructing the tympan that it may be
altered in width, so as to make it correspond with sheets of various widths, of
nippers of various lengths, while the register points in the mean time are still
preserved in their central position.
Twelfthly, it further consists in delivering bands and rollers, or mechanical
equivalents, for either or all of them, in combination with the frisket or any
equivalent therefor, the same being for the purpose of receiving a sheet of
paper from said frisket, and delivering it upon a fly frame or any contrivance
destined to receive it.
Thirteenthly, it further consists in the combination of bellows, or other equi-
valent, with the frisket or support of the sheet of paper, and the two series of
receiving and delivering endless bands or tapes.
Fourteenthly, it further consists in a delivering fly frame, or its equivalent,
in combination with delivering bands, and also with delivering rollers, and also
with a shaft and pullies, or any equivalent or equivalents for either or all of
them.
Fifteenthly, it further consists in the fly, or means for receiving and piling
the sheets.
Sixteenthly, it further consists in arranging and operating the fly frame, so
that its motions may be in directions perpendicular or thereabouts to the side
of the press; the same enabling me to deposit the imprinted paper in a heap
close to, or directly by, the side of the pressman, and thus afford him the
opportunity of more readily examining each sheet after it is printed than he
would enjoy if the frame operated in any other direction.
Seventeenthly, it further consists in the manner of operating the nippers,
above described.
Eighteenthly, it further consists in the combination of the delivering fly
frame of mechanism employed to give said fly its proper motions and intervals
of rest, such parts consisting of a cam, a lever, a rack, pinion, and a spring,
with means of adjustment and government of the motions.
Nineteenthly, it further consists in constructing and arranging the deliver-
ing fly frame, that it may be depressed below the bands, rollers, and pullies,
by means of which the sheets of paper are successively presented to the action

page_text: of the said fly, in such manner that said fly shall not itself obstruct its
reception of the said sheets preparatory to delivering them on the pile.
Twentiethly, it further consists in arranging the delivering bands, pullies,
and rollers, by which I am enabled to give any required velocity to them or
any of them, and in that way to govern the time of the final delivery of the
sheets successively with reference to the times of action of other parts of
the machine, and thus to gain a saving of time, which could not be gained
were the velocities of said bands, rollers, and pullies arbitrarily governed
by the motion of the frisket or frisket carriage, or any other part of a flat
surface press, or by the velocity of the cylinder, or any other part of a
cylinder press.
Twenty-firstly, it further consists in a combination of a heating apparatus
with one or more of the distribution cylinders, so as to make it capable of
receiving steam or hot or cold water, by which its temperature, as well as that
of the ink upon it, may be governed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Isaac Adams in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
19th April 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ISAAC
ADAMS, of the State of Massachusetts, of the United States of America, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of October, A.D. 1854, in the
eighteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Isaac Adams, Her special license that I, the said
Isaac Adams, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Isaac Adams, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention of "NEW AND USEFUL
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PRINTING," upon the condition [amongst
others] that 1, the said Isaac Adams, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and

page_text: cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office, or Office of Her
Majesty's Commissioners of Patents, within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Isaac Adams, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention to be fully described and ascertained in and by
the following Specification, and the accompanying Drawings, letters, figures,
and references thereof:-
The printing machine embodying my Invention may be described as made
up of five different systems or aggregations of parts, each system being used
for the performance of a distinct part of the process of printing, to wit:-
1st, the distribution of the ink; 2nd, pointing the sheets on the feed board
or tympan; 3rd, taking the sheets from the feed board, and conveying them
in between the platen and form of types; 4th, producing the impression; and,
5th, removing the sheets from the press and laying them on the pile, or a
table, or other convenience provided for the purpose.
Each system being so calculated and arranged within itself, and so arranged
and combined with all the others, that while each performs its office in a
distinct and complete manner successively, they all receive their appropriate
motions from the same motive agent; and though some parts are in constant
operation while other parts move and stop alternately, the said systems
severally complete the performance proper to each of them in consecutive
order.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of the whole machine as it would appear
provided the front side piece of the frame could be removed, and the several
operative parts be made to still maintain their relative working positions.
A, A, and C denote the opposite or fly wheel side of the frame.
Figure 2 exhibits an end elevation of the inner face of the same part of
the frame as it appears when separated from most of the operating parts
of the machine.
Figure 3 denotes an inner side view of the front side piece of the frame.
Figure 4 denotes a projection of the end piece of the right-hand end of the
frame.
Figure 5 denotes a projection of the end piece of the left-hand end of the
frame.
And Figure 6 denotes a projection of a cross bar, which is secured to
the two sides of the frame at a, a, Figures 2 and 3; see a section of said
bar at a, Figure 1. 6 denotes the fly-wheel shaft, from which motion is
communicated to all the moving parts of the machine. For a side view of
this shaft, see b, Figure 7. c denotes the fly wheel. The fly-wheel shaft is

page_text: sustained in the frame in bearings, one of which is seen at d, Figure 2, and
the other at e, Figure 4.
The end f, Figure 7, may be supported by any proper bearings affixed to
the inside of the front side piece of the frame. The outline of the right-hand
end of the machine is exhibited in Figure 7 by the dotted lines. g, Figures 1
and 7, denotes a toothed wheel, whose office is to carry the crank h, and to
rotate the shaft i, and the several pieces secured to said shaft. The shaft i runs
on the journals k, l, the former of which runs in the box m, attached to the end
piece of the frame, and the latter in the box n, in the side piece of the frame,
see Figure 2. o, Figures 1 and 7, denotes a toothed pinion, secured on the
fly-wheel shaft, its object being to give rotary motion to the wheel 9, into
which it geers. p, Figure 7, denotes a handle, secured to an arm of the fly
wheel, so as to enable a person to put the machine in motion by hand.
Pulleys and bands or other devices may be used to connect the machine with
any other power. The process of distributing the ink is performed by means
of a system of rollers, as follows:- denotes a section of the ink fountain.
This is made upon the principle of those in common use, and is principally
composed of a trough for the ink, a roller, and a scraper. r denotes the foun-
tain roller, which is turned in the usual manner by means of a ratchet wheel
on one end of it, and a pawl s, Figure 3, connected to the lever t, which is
attached by the fulcrum u to the side of the frame, Figure 3. v denotes a
feed roller, which is provided with an elastic composition surface; its office
is to take the ink from the fountain roller, and convey it to the distribution
cylinder w; said feed roller is suspended by pivots in bearings [one of which
is seen at x, Figure 3,] on the levers t, t, Figures 1 & 3, and it is brought
down in contact with the fountain roller [in order to take from it a portion of
ink every time an impression is given] by means of a projection from each of
two guide pieces, [one of which is seen at y, Figure 1,] which are attached to
the ends of the bed; said projections when the bed is raised up to produce
an impression come up under the ends of the levers t, t, and by forcing said
ends up, cause the opposite ends with the roller suspended upon them to move
down, until said roller is brought into contact with the fountain roller, which
imparts to it along its whole length a small quantity of ink.
When the bed is lowered downwards, the weight of the levers t, t, [one of
which [weights] is seen at z, Figure 1,] cause the feed roller to rise up and
come in contact with the distribution cylinder w, upon the surface of which
the ink thus taken from the fountain will afterwards be distributed by the
rolling together of the peripheries of said cylinder and said roller. The
cylinder w should be sustained by its journals in boxes, so attached to the

page_text: ends of the two side pieces of the frame, Figures 2 and 3, as to be adjustable
vertically by means of slots or otherwise. The said cylinder receives constant
rotary motion from the fly-wheel shaft, by means of an endless band, which
runs over the pullies a¹ on the fly-wheel shaft, and b¹ on the shaft of the
cylinder. When the press is very large, or more than two rollers are used for
spreading the ink on the "form," it is best to use bevelled toothed wheels to
communicate motion to the distribution rollers, as represented in Figure 33;
in which a¹0 is a bevelled geer on the fly-wheel shaft; 60 is a similar geer on
the main distribution cylinder; and c¹o and do are bevelled wheels on a shaft e¹0,
which is made to run along by the side of the frame of the machine, in order
that motion may be communicated from the fly-wheel shaft to the distribution
cylinder. In order to make a perfect distribution of the ink from end to end
over the surface of the cylinder w, a short roller c³, [see Figure 1 and Figure 8,
[the latter Figure being a rear elevation of it, and the parts adjacent to it,]
is made to travel from end to end of said cylinder alternately. The surface of
the said travelling roller is composed of an elastic composition, such as that in
common use for making distribution rollers of printing machines, and is made
to travel in a lateral direction on the surface of the cylinder, by being held
against it with its axis in an angular position to the axis of the cylinder
while the said cylinder is revolving. The effect of this is to cause the travel-
ling roller to gradually approach one end of the cylinder until its inclination
is inverted, which taking place, said roller will travel towards the other end of
the said cylinder. d¹ denotes the frame of the carriage to which the travel-
ling roller is attached; e¹, e', are wheels or friction rollers on which the said
frame rests; f¹ is a transverse horizontal rod on which the carriage travels;
and g' denotes a similar rod, which serves to keep the carriage in its proper
position. The travelling roller revolves on a small rod or axle in a frame h¹,
which is secured to the end of a spindle or rocker shaft ', which rocker shaft
rests in a bearing formed by a hole made through the frame d. k' denotes
another spindle or rocker shaft, resting in another bearing, formed by another
hole made through the lower part of said frame. To the end of this spindle
is secured a cross piece p², one end of which is connected to one end of the
roller frame by means of the connecting rod m. n is a weighted lever,
which is attached to the end of the rocker ; o³ is a flat spring, which is
secured to the frame d¹ by its lower end, while its upper end is made to bear
against a collar or shoulder on the rocker shaft ¹; its use is to press the
travelling roller against the cylinder w.
The diagonal or oblique bearing of the travelling roller against the cylin-
der w is successively changed as follows:-Supposing the cylinder w to be in

page_text: motion, and the travelling roller to be in contact with it, as shown in the
Drawings, Figure 1, the said travelling roller will advance towards one end of
the cylinder until it shall have approached near to it, when the lever n¹ will
be brought in contact with a projection which proceeds from the lower part q',
Figure 2, of the scroll or framework which supports the parallel rods f¹ and g¹,
and is near the said end of the said cylinder. The said projection, by means
of the continued advancement of the traveller towards and against it, elevates
the said weighted lever n', and forces it over, so as to throw its center of gravity
on the opposite side of the rocker shaft k¹, to which it is attached. The said
weighted lever in falling over will turn said rocker shaft in its bearing, and by
so doing will elevate the cross piece l', and so as to carry the pin or screw 2¹,
which goes through the slot s¹, Figure 8, made through the connection rod
m', in contact with the upper end of the said slot, and thereby raise the con-
necting rod m', and the end or part of the frame of the roller c¹, and reverse
the angular position of the said roller, whereby it will be caused, by the rota-
tion of the cylinder w, to travel towards the other end of the said cylinder.
Having reached the said end, the said weighted lever will meet another
projection from the opposite scroll or framework, which supports the opposite
ends of the said parallel rods f¹ and g¹; said projection will in its turn reverse
the position of the said weighted lever and the travelling roller, or move the
same back again into their original positions.
The distribution cylinder w may be made of wood, or it may be constructed
of metal, and be hollow and tight, so as to be capable of holding water or
steam. It may be provided with a faucet, or some other equivalent, through
which cold or heated water may be introduced into said cylinder; or it may
have pipe and cock, or their equivalents, which pipe may be connected with
the interior of said cylinder by means of a hole made through the shaft thereof.
Through said pipe steam, instead of hot water, may be introduced into the
cylinder; by these means the temperature of the ink and the distribution rollers
may be regulated.
Two or more cylinders may be used instead of the said cylinder. The ink
being thus properly distributed over the surface of the cylinder w, is trans-
ferred by the said cylinder to the elastic composition surfaces of one, two, or
more rollers s¹, s¹, which are made to transfer the same to the printing surface
of the form of types c³.
The said two rollers s', s', are suspended in the usual manner by their
journals, which are made to run in boxes properly fixed to the front part of a
sliding frame t', which I call the frisket carriage. Figure 9 denotes a top view
of said carriage, the roller, boxes, and certain other parts attached to it; see

page_text: also Figures 10 and 11, which are respectively a top and side view of one half
of a frisket carriage, having certain other parts, to be herein-after described,
attached to it.
In Figure 34 may be seen a system or arrangement of elastic distribution
rollers s', s', s, s¹, such as may be used when four rollers are hung in the frisket
carriage, and by it are to be passed over the form of, types. In these Draw-
ings the dotted lines represent toothed wheels which connect the distribution
rollers and cylinders together. In Figure 34' may be seen the boxes f1, 910,
d", d", in which the journals of the distribution cylinders run. The boxes of
those hung in the frisket carriage are screwed on to perpendicular spindles,
which are put into holes in the framework of the carriage in such manner as to
allow of their playing up and down, and they are held down with the proper
force by spiral springs on said spindles. The boxes are raised or lowered by the
screws on the spindles, said spindles being turned for the purpose. In order
to prevent said spindles from turning at improper times, there may be nicks
in the edges of their heads, and springs with little perpendicular projections to
act in said "nicks," and made to bear against them.
Figure 35 represents a system of distribution rollers arranged as required
when six rollers are used to spread the ink upon the form of types. In this
Drawing the dotted lines indicate the toothed wheels which transmit motion
from one elastic roller or cylinder to another. The surfaces of the several
cylinders co, co, clo, are elastic; the surfaces of those cylinders against which
they bear being made of wood or material inelastic, comparatively speaking.
a
Figure 35 shows the boxes in which the journals of the cylinders run.
The boxes fo, go, g10, 910, should be set upon springs in holes in the frame-
work, so that they may be capable of rising and falling. They may be
adjusted at the proper height by screws h¹o, ho, ho, h10. The box f10 may have
joint or some suitable contrivance by which it may be allowed to be moved
laterally, in order that the roller which it supports may be made to conform to
the cylinders against which it may run. The box f10, shown in Figure 34¹,
should be provided with similar means of adjustment, and the same may be
said of the boxes 910, 910, of said Figure 341. v, vl, Figures 1, 2, and 3, denote
rails having grooves in their top sides; the said rails are secured to the inner
sides of the press frame, their said grooves being for the frisket carriage to
slide in. When the impression is being produced, the position of the frisket
carriage is such as to bring the rollers s¹, s, in a central position on the
cylinder w, whereon they lay, and roll in contact with said cylinder during
most of the time that the bed is in the act of rising and falling. By these
means the ink is evenly communicated from said cylinder to the whole surface

page_text: of the rollers s¹, s', the said rollers by means of a proper movement of the
frisket carriage being afterwards caused to roll entirely over the form of types
first from left to right, and next back again to their places on the distribution
cylinder w, thus rolling twice over the form. This motion of the frisket
carriage and the parts attached to it is produced by means of the vertical
levers or arms w¹³, w', (see Figures 1 and 12,) which are attached to it by
means of two connecting rods a¹, that are properly jointed to said arms and
to the arms projecting from said carriage, as seen at y', y', in Figures 1 and 9,
The said arms or levers w¹, w¹, proceed upward from near each end of a
transverse rocker shaft z¹, which is supported in the machine by gudgeons
a², a³; Figure 12, which are supported in bearings 62, 6, (see Figures 2
and 3,) made on the inner surfaces of the two side pieces of the frame. c
Figure 1, denotes another rocker shaft, which lays parallel to the one just
described, and rests in bearings on the inside surfaces of the frame in the same
manner as those represented at b², 6. From near the middle of the shaft c
an arm or lever de proceeds upwards, and is connected, by means of the con-
necting rod or shackle bar e² (see Figure 1) and proper joints, to the crank
pin h, which projects from the side of the toothed wheel g. It may be seen
that the crank pin h stands off sideways somewhat from the crank pin f; this
is for the purpose of timing the motions produced by the crank h² with that
produced by the crank f2. 92, Figure 1, denotes an instrument which I call
an alternator; it is fixed to the rocker shaft c³, near to its front end, and in
such manner as to receive in the excentric slot or groove h², made through the
friction roller 2, Figure 12, said roller being affixed to the front arm w¹, and
upon the projecting pin k thereof in such position and manner, that when
motion is given to the rocker shaft c by the crank and the intermediate parts,
it will cause the aforesaid alternator to have a reciprocating motion, and carry
the roller through all parts of the said slot or excentric groove h², through
or in said alternator. This operation will give a regular and progressive
motion to the roller 12, the arms w¹, w, and the frisket carriage, to which they
are attached, and will hold said arms and carriage still at and during the
proper time, according as the direction of said slot in its different parts varies
more or less from, or coincides with, the arc of a circle, whose center is the
center of the rocker shaft c².
The alternator g² is made to perform its office as follows:-When the
various operating parts of the machine occupy the positions in which they are
represented in Figure 1, the friction roller will be in the upper extremity
of the slot of the alternator, and the frisket carriage and the two ink rollers
ss, will be drawn to their extreme limit of motion towards the right-hand

page_text: end of the machine. Now, supposing the machine in operation, the operating
parts being situated as just mentioned, the moment the axis of the crank h
passes its line of centers, it will cause, by its operation on the connecting rod
e and lever d and rocker shaft c, the alternator to begin its motion towards
the left-hand end of the machine, which motion being continued, causes the
friction roller, while moving along with the alternator, and carrying with
it the arms w¹, w¹, and the frisket carriage and the inking rollers s¹, s¹, to
descend gradually in the slot of the alternator, until the center reaches the
dotted line, where said slot begins to be an arc of a circle, whose center is
in the axis of the rocker shaft c³. The motion thus produced to this extent
will have given the frisket carriage its entire motion towards the left, and
have brought the inking rollers s¹, s', to a central position on the distribution
cylinder w, where they remain and receive a distribution of ink, until the
crank h shall have caused the alternator to perform the remaining part of its
motion towards the left, and a reversed motion, such as to carry the centre of
the roller again to the dotted line 3. This having taken place, the said
roller will begin to rise towards the upper part of the slot of the alternator,
and to move towards the right-hand end of the machine, and carry with it
the said arms, frisket carriage, and inking rollers, until these parts have all
received their requisite motions in that direction. On completion of the same,
the crank h will again pass its said line of centers, and produce the motion in
the opposite direction, as before described. During the progress of the process
of distribution, the sheets to be printed must be successively laid upon the
tympan, and pointed so as to make register.
The following is a description of the tympan, and the parts intended to
govern the register. m², Figure 1, denotes the tympan or feed board; and
Figure 13 exhibits a view of the under side of it, together with the parts
which sustain and operate the register points n², n², Figure 1.
This tympan or feed consists of a rectangular frame o², covered on its
upper side with a sheet-iron plate p², which extends from end to end of said
frame, and from its upper or right-hand edge down into the cross bar q²,
thus constituting a regular inclined plane, upon which the sheets of paper to
be printed are to be successively laid. Its lower edge rests upon the top
edges of the two sides of the press frame. Its upper part is supported by
the gudgeons 2, 12, Figure 13, which rest in bearings in the upper ends of the
standards s, s2, which are raised respectively above the upper edges of the two
sides of the press frame, see Figures 1, 2, .3.
The tympan is thus supported in order that it may be turned up nearly

page_text: to a vertical position, so as to make room for the platen to be moved off from
over the bed.
t, t, Figure 1, denote small holes or cavities made in the
inside edge or face of the further side piece u² of the frame of the said tympan.
These holes are made for the reception of one end of a rod, which it is neces-
sary to put across the said tympan frame, for the purpose of sustaining the
edges or lower parts of such sheets of paper as may be too wide for said
tympan without such or a similar provision. The end of said rod which comes
next to the person who points the sheets may be secured to the tympan, by
passing a pin through one of a number of holes made horizontally through the
rear end rail of said tympan, opposite to the holes t, t2, said pin being made to
enter a hole drilled into the end of said rod. This mode of securing the rod is
adopted in order that it may be changed conveniently and quickly from one
place to another, or be taken out and dispensed with, as circumstances may
require.
The sheets, after they have been pointed, are seized by nippers and dragged
from the tympan in a manner hereafter to be described. In order to prevent
the tearing of the paper sheets at the point holes, it becomes necessary for the
points to be drawn down below the surface of the tympan the moment after
the sheets have been fastened upon by said nippers, and a moment before they
begin to be moved from said tympan. This is performed, and the points again
thrust out successively, as follows:-The points n², n², consist of small spindles,
each of which is pointed at one end, but otherwise of uniform size, except-
ing in the middle, which is enlarged, and has a groove turned or formed in
it, the said groove being made to receive the forked end of one of two little
levers v², w²x², a³, denote stocks or frames which sustain the points and
their levers. Each of the points rests and moves up and down freely through
two projections 22, y2, made upon the outer end of each of the said stocks.
Each of the levers v², w², which operate said points is secured to one of the
said stocks means of a fulcrum screw or pin a³, and each of the said
stocks is secured to the iron plate of the tympan by a little screw bolt b³,
and a confining nut c³. The inner ends of the levers v² and we are brought
together in the center of the tympan, where they are jointed to the end u
of another bent lever 1, whose fulcra or journals are sustained in bearings
f³, f, (as seen in Figure 13,) applied to the under side of the tympan
frame.
The opposite end or arm of the bent lever passes down between the side
piece of the press frame and the side of the frisket carriage (as seen in
Figure 1), where it is operated upon as follows:-On the side of the frisket

page_text: carriage is affixed a little cam g° [see Figure 9], which is so placed, that when
said carriage is in operation, said cam shall at the proper time pass under the
end of the lower arm of the lever 13 and elevate it, which operation, through
the action of the levers v², w, will cause the points to project above the surface
of the tympan, where they will be held the proper period of time by means of
the springh, Figure 2, said spring being secured to the inside of one side
of the press frame, and so placed, that when said arm is elevated, as aforesaid,
said spring will spring out into or under a suitable notch made for the purpose
in the outer side of said arm. By means of another cam 23, affixed to the side
of the frisket carriage, the spring h³ is pushed back, so as to disengage the said
arm, and allow it by its own weight, or by the assistance of a spring, to fall
down, and thereby cause the points to be moved downwards below, or even
with, the surface of the tympan. The said cam i³ should be arranged upon
the frisket carriage in such manner that it may actuate the spring when the
said carriage first starts to go towards the left-hand end of the machine, and
this it does by coming in contact with the stud k³, projecting from the spring h³.
This cam consists of the bevilled corner of a sort of latch or click, so affixed
to the side of a carriage by means of a screw pin at 13, that, in its passage
towards the right-hand end of the machine, it shall slip or slide over the
projection, by rising up in the manner of a latch and slipping over, so as not to
press said spring from under the notch which holds up the lever 13, and so that
the moment the bevilled corner or cam has passed the said projection k³, it
shall drop down sufficiently to come against said stud, and press back said
spring, and by that means drop the points when the carriage begins its motion
in the other direction, as aforesaid. It is sometimes necessary that the points
be placed so as to range crosswise of the sheet, and sometimes lengthwise,
or at right angles to the position indicated in the Drawings.
The holes through the iron plates, therefore, through which the bolts 63 pass,
to secure the point stocks to the tympan, are elongated into arcs of circles, as
seen at 1, 1, Figures 13, 42, and 43, whose center is in the screw or pin u³,
which joints the levers, u², to the bent lever e³. These slots permit the
joint stocks to be moved around in any necessary position to make registers
crosswise or lengthwise of the sheets, as circumstances may require, without
rendering it necessary to remove the bolts, by which the said stocks are secured
in their places, and without separating the points or their stocks from the
machinery which operates them, or from the parts which hold them in their
places.
The four holes m³, 13, o³, p³, Figure 13, which are made through the iron

page_text: plate of the tympan, and for the points n², n³, to project through, must also be
made curved, and long enough to allow of the necessary variation of the points
from central lines across the tympan. The sheets to be printed are suc-
cessively laid by the attendant in a central position on the tympan above
described; the points, having been first properly adjusted and secured in
their places so as to produce register, are thrust through each sheet by
pressing the sheet down upon them. It may be desirable sometimes to
have a means of adjusting the points in a mode by which accuracy can be
more easily attained than by slipping the roller stocks along with the fingers.
A mode of doing this by means of thumb screws is represented in Figures
42, 43, and 43'.
Figure 42 is a plan of the under side of a feed board, on a small scale, with
the points and their stocks and levers attached; Figure 43 is a similar plan
[on an enlarged scale] of a portion of said pointing board, sufficient to show
the apparatus connected with the "points;" Figure 43¹ is an edge view of
the same.
In these Figures, 210, 210, denote two curved slides, which are
made to slide in circular grooves, which by means of the circular plates a¹¹, a¹¹,
are formed on the under side of the sheet-iron plate which constitutes the
upper side of the pointing board.
A section of these plates, the groove, and one of the slides is shown in said
Figure 43. The curvilinear slots 1, 13, for the reception of the bolts b³, 63,
which hold the point stocks, are made in the said curved slides, the point stocks
being secured to them, as represented in the Drawings, and substantially as
stated in the descriptions of Figures 1 and 13. The points may be moved and
adjusted by loosening the thumb nuts c³, c³, and next slipping the point stocks
along, as before mentioned; but when said stocks have been made fast to
said curved slides, by screwing up said thumb nuts, should a more perfect
adjustment of the points be required, it may be effected by turning the thumb
screws 6, 6, the screw ends of which respectively pass through "lugs" or
studs c, c, on the ends of said curved slides.
The nippers which take the sheets from the tympan are constructed as
follows: There should be several sets for each press [two or more pairs in a
set, as the length of the sheet may require], each set differing in length from
the others, according as the sheets to be printed may vary in width from one
another. the widest sheets requiring the shortest nippers and the narrowest
sheets requiring the longest ones. 93, 3, (Figure 1) denote the nippers as they
appear the moment before being closed for the purpose of seizing the edge of
a sheet. 3, Figures 1 and 9, is a rod, which extends across from side to side

page_text: of the frisket carriage, and is so affixed to said carriage as to turn in bearings
in its side rails.
The nippers are composed of thin plates q³, 3, of steel or other suitable
material, jointed together, so as to open and close on said rod 3, in a manner
similar to that in which the leaves for a common door hinge are jointed
together, and turn on the pin which secures them together. The upper
half or part of each pair of nippers is secured by means of set screws or
otherwise to the rod s³, while the lower part or half thereof is allowed to
turn freely on said rod. The said lower parts (12) are drawn up towards the
upper ones by means of wire springs t, t, which are wound around the rod s³,
one end of each of said springs being attached by means of the collars and
set screws [as seen at us, u³,] to said rod. The other end of each of said
springs is attached to one of the said lower halves or parts of the nippers.
As a means by which the lower halves of the nippers may be kept in a
horizontal position while their upper halves are elevated, and by which the
time of closing said nippers together may be controlled, there is a projec-
tion u³, which proceeds from the lower part of the hinge part of each lower
half or part ³. These projections, while the lower blades of the nippers
occupy horizontal positions, remain under the projecting hook of a catch
bar 3, a transverse section of which is seen in Figure 1,] which extends
entirely across the frisket carriage, and is sustained therein by pivots, which
project from its ends at the angular part w³, and rest and move in bearings in
the side rails of said carriage in such manner as to allow the projecting hook
to be pressed back by the projections u³, which act on its inclined top when the
nippers are brought down into a horizontal position. As soon as the same
takes place, the said catch bar will be immediately moved forwards [by the
action of gravity] to its place over the projections u³, u, as shown in Figure 1.
The lower halves or parts of the nippers will be thus held in a horizontal position
until the proper moment for them to be raised upwards. At such time the
hook of said catch bar is drawn away from the projections u³, u³, and this
permits the springs t³, t³, to force up the lower blades ³, ³, and close them
upon or against the upper ones. The upper blades of the nippers should be
made so much longer than the lower ones as to allow of their lapping about
an eighth of an inch on the lower edge or bar of the tympan, the lower
blade being short enough to allow it to be brought up against the upper blade
without touching said tympan. It is necessary that the horizontal motion of
the nippers towards the tympan or feed board should be stopped a little before
the frisket carriage has arrived at its extreme limit, of motion towards the

page_text: right-hand end of the machine, or away from the platen, in order that the said
nippers may seize the sheets when they [the nippers] have no other motion
than that of the closing of the two halves or blades towards each other and
the sheet between them, otherwise the sheets might be so jarred or moved
from their places after having been pointed as to spoil the register. In order
to effect this object, the journals of the rod s³ are made to enter grooves,
made horizontally in the edges of the perpendicular parts of the side rails of
the frisket carriage.
To keep the rod så pressed firmly against the inner end of said grooves,
and at the same time permit it to slide longitudinally in the grooves, small
pistons or slides x3, x³, Figures 1 and 9, are respectively inserted in the ends
of the hollow cylinders y³, y³, in which are helical springs, to press said pistons
out in such manner as to cause them to enter said grooves, and to press firmly
against the journals of said rod s³.
For the convenience of taking the rod out of its place, in order to
change the nippers, or for any other purpose, one end of each of the cylin-
ders y³, y³, is jointed to a projection from the corners of the frisket carriage,
and in such manner as to allow [after the pistons a³, x³, have been drawn
out of the grooves or bearings of the rod s³, the same being effected by the
pressman applying his hands to small studs a", a",] the other ends of said
cylinders to be raised up sufficiently to permit said rod to be removed.
The nippers are actuated in part by means of a small friction roller 23,
Figure 9, affixed by means of a screw, pin, or pivot to an arm a', which pro-
jects from one end of the rod s³, and at right angles to said rod. The said
roller operates in an irregular or crooked groove b', Figure 3, made in a plate
fixed on the inner surface of one of the side pieces of the press frame. The
nippers perform their office in the following manner :-Let it be supposed that
the machine is in motion, and that a sheet of paper has been properly pointed,
with its left-hand edge projecting far enough over the lower edge or bar of the
tympan for the nippers to take firm hold of it, also that the nippers are just
advancing from under the platen; at this momoment the friction roller 2³ will
enter the before-named groove b', which is so crooked as to force the said
roller downwards, and thereby, while the nippers are advancing towards the
tympan, cause the rod or shaft s³ to turn in its bearings, and elevate the
upper blades of the said nippers high enough above the tympan to pass over
the edge of the sheet of paper on it; said nippers continue to move on until
they have approached quite near to the tympan, when, by an opposite bend in
said groove,
said upper blades are made to descend suddenly upon the sheet of

page_text: paper, their ends being made to lap, as before named, about an eighth of an
inch over the lower edge or bar of the tympan, in order to secure the sheet in
its place. At this moment the projecting ends of the rod s should be made
to meet stationary projections c', d', on the sides of the press frame, and so
disposed as to arrest the further progress of said rod towards the tympan or
feed board. The frisket carriage, however, continues to move on a short
distance, or until the catch of the bar is advanced sufficiently to disengage
the projections ³, u, of the lower blades of the nippers, which having taken
place, the springs t, t, will instantly throw up said lower blades, and secure
the sheet firmly against the upper ones. As soon as the nippers have been thus
made to seize the sheet, the frisket carriage will be made to begin its motion
towards the bed and platen, which movement at first will cause the points
to be drawn from the sheet, as above described, the springs in the hollow
cylinders y, y, causing the rod s at the same time to recede in the grooves
in which its pistons a, a, play, and resume its former bearings. Said
rod will then leave the projections which stopped it, as described before,
and the frisket carriage continuing to move towards the bed and platen, the
sheet of paper will be drawn by the nippers from the tympan or feed board,
the said nippers, by the action of the aforesaid groove on the friction roller =",
being made to travel back through the same track through which they had
moved in the opposite direction, and made to resume a horizontal position just
as they are carried between the bed and the plate, the sheet as it slips from
the tympan being caused to fall, and be received upon the frisket c', which is
of the ordinary character, and rests upon the top of the frisket carriage t¹,
where it is kept in its place by steady pins, or other suitable contrivances.
Thus, in the above specified manner, the sheets are successively drawn
from the tympan, deposited on the frisket, and introduced in a horizontal
position between the platen and the form of types. The groove b', on the
side of the frame, and for the operation of the nippers, as above described,
instead of being made stationary may be made moveable, and may be opic-
rated by means of levers and rotating cams, or their equivalents; by such
means the nippers may be made to fasten upon the sheet while their hori-
zontal movement is stopped or otherwise, as may be found desirable. One
peculiarity in the operation of the above-described nippers consists in their
being made to secure the sheets from movement on the tympan; this being
effected by means of the upper blades of the nippers, as aforesaid, and before
said nippers are entirely closed.
Another peculiarity of the same consists in said nippers being made to close
upon the sheets while their horizontal motion is arrested, both of which

page_text: characteristics are important, in order to secure good register. The following
is another mode of constructing the nippers and the parts which operate them,
by which the same advantages are attained :--Figure 10 is a top view of one
half of the frisket carriage, so modified as to be suitable to receive a frame,
which I call a nipper frame, now to be described, and which is calculated to
carry and operate the nippers. Figure 11 is a side elevation of the same half
of the frisket carriage, together with one half of the nipper frame, having a
pair of nippers secured to it, said nipper frame being so elevated as to bring
the nippers in the position they would occupy at the moment of taking hold of
the paper on the tympan. Figure 14 is a top view of the nipper frame complete,
and separated from the frisket carriage. It is composed of several parts, as
follows: Figure 15 is an outer frame, which serves as a stock to attach all
the other parts to. Figure 19 is a view of the end of said frame with the
friction roller f, by means of which said frame is elevated and depressed when
in operation. Figure 20 is a view of the other end of said frame. The said
frame is suspended in the frisket carriage by means of the pivots g', 9,
[Figures 14 and 15,] which are made to enter holes made through the pro-
jections [one of which is seen at h*, Figures 10 and 11], which are raised for
the purpose from the two corners of the frisket carriage. These pivots may be
put into holes made for that purpose in the ends of the main stock (Figure 15)
of said frame, and said pivots may be caused to project therefrom by helical
springs, placed in the bottom of said holes. When so applied to the said stock,
the said pivots may be pressed in, even with the ends of said stock, and so as
to enable a person to disengage it from the frisket carriage, and remove it
therefrom.
On the inner side of each of the end pieces of the main stock [Figure 15]
of said frame are grooves, made and covered with thin pieces of steel it, i,
calculated to receive the end pieces k, k', of an inner frame 1, Figure 16.
Figure 18 is a view of one end of this inner frame; and Figure 17 is a view
of the other end.
When said inner frame is in its place, the end pieces k, k, lay in the
aforesaid grooves in the inner sides of the end pieces of the said stock, where
they can be moved out about half an inch, but are prevented from slipping any
further out than may be proper by means of the two little screws mt, mt,
Figure 14, put into holes, which may be seen at n', n', Figures 17 and 18, the
heads of said screws being made to come against the ends of the plates i, i,
when said inner frame is pressed out to the place it generally occupies by means
of the flat steel spring o', disposed as seen in Figure 14.
Each nipper is composed of an upper half p* (which is made of a thin plate

page_text: of steel, bent nearly into a right angle, as seen in Figure 11,) and a lower half,
which has a hinged joint at r, the part below said joint being rivetted or other-
wise secured to that part of the upper half which is below the angle thereof.
This said lower part of said upper half is that by which the nipper is secured
(by means of the screw s', Figure 11,) to the middle bar of the said inner
frame, see Figure 11. t, t, &c., Figures 14 and 16, are screw holes in
said bar, in which the screws which secure the nippers to it are inserted.
u, Figures 21 and 11, is a flat bar, which is fixed upon the outer face of the
bar to which the nippers are attached. Its duty, which is to close the nippers,
is performed as follows:-
Screws, such as are denoted by Figure 22, and having friction rollers (as
seen in Figure 23], are put through peculiar diagonal-shaped slots v, v, v, &c.
of said bar, and are screwed into corresponding holes in the middle bar of the
frame 1, in such manner as to allow the bar to be slipped back and forth
endwise, in order to cause said friction rollers and screws to work freely
through the whole length of the slots.
Now, the end w* of the bar u' is fitted to the inside of the forward end of
the right-hand end piece of the stock, in the manner of a mitre, [that is to say,
both are made angular or bevelled, as seen in Figures 14 and 15,] so that when
the inner frame is pressed in towards the main body of the stock, the bevelled
end of the said end piece of said stock operates against the end of the sliding
bar, in the manner of a cam or wedge, and causes it to slip along on the
middle bar of the frame l', whereby the friction rollers, Figure 23, and screws,
Figure 22, are caused to operate through the said diagonal slots v, v, &c.
The upper sides of said slots move over and upon said friction rollers and
screws in the manner of inclined planes, and so as to cause said bar u* to rise
up, and bear or crowd its upper edge against the lower blades of the nippers,
and so as to force or turn said lower blades upwards against the upper ones, and
cause both of said blades to take firm hold of the paper which is laid upon
and to be drawn off the tympan or feed board.
The manner in which these nippers perform their office is as follows:-
Let it be supposed that a sheet has been properly pointed on the feed board
and the nippers are being moved towards it: just as said nippers emerge from
under the platen, the friction roller f on the nipper frame will enter the
crooked groove on the side of the frame. This groove or slot, operating on
the said friction roller, will cause the nipper frame to rise up and elevate the
nippers as they advance, until the forward ends of their upper blades shall be
presented above the edge of the paper on the tympan, when, by a sudden bend
or turn downwards in said groove, or by the operation of a cam, or other
R

page_text: mechanical equivalent, as before mentioned, the ends of said upper part or
parts of the nippers will be brought suddenly down upon the lower edge of
the tympan, and the sheet which may have been laid on it. At the instant
this occurs, projections, Figures 11, 16, 17, and 18, from the corners of the
inner frame, meet projections c, d, Figures 2 and 3, from the sides of the
frame, which arrests the further progress of that part of the nipper frame and
the nippers; but the frisket carriage, and consequently the main stock of the
nipper frame, continuing to move on for a short space further, the said inner
frame [, Figure 16,] is pressed in towards the main part of the stock suffi-
ciently to cause the bevelled end wº of the end piece of said stock to operate
on the sliding bar ut, and cause it to close the nippers upon the sheet, as above
described.
The movement of the frisket carriage in the opposite direction carries the
sheet in between the bed and platen, the same as in the case of the nippers
first described. The bar u is thrown back, so as to relieve the pressure of
nippers upon the paper, as follows:-y', Figure 2, denotes a wedge or cam,
affixed by one end, by means of a screw pin or pivot 2*, to the side of the frame
of the machine, in the manner of a latch or click; its place on the side of the
frame being such, that very soon after the nipper frame shall begin its motion
towards the right-hand end of the machine, the end y of the bar u will be
brought against the wedging part a", which will cause said bar to slide back
endwise, its diagonal slots at the same time allowing it to drop down, and thus
to relieve the lower blades of the nippers, so that said nippers shall open to
receive the sheet as the nipper frame shall be elevated, as before described.
When the nipper frame with the nippers closed shall be in motion towards
the left-hand end of the machine, the end y' of said bar u will be brought in
contact with the under side of the wedge y', and will clevate it, so as to pass
under it. As soon as the bar passes beyond the wedge click, the latter will
drop back to its place of rest, where it will be ready at the proper moment
again to operate on the bar u', as aforesaid.
The bed on which the form of types is placed is represented at ³, Figure 1,
the said form also being exhibited at c. The bed is constructed in the usual
manner, and must be strong enough to sustain the impression. While it rises
or falls, it is kept steady in its place by means of projections from its ends,
which slide in grooves d³, Figures 2 and 3, formed on the side pieces of the
frame, and also by a guide piece (Figure 1), firmly secured to said bed, and
made to project into other vertical grooves formed on the sides of the frame
at f³, Figures 2 and 3.
The bracing rods g³, Figure 1, also serve to preserve the horizontal position

page_text: of the bed. The platen is represented at ho, Figure 1. Figure 24 is a pro-
jection of the same, showing its top side, together with certain parts attached to
it, to be herein-after described. 23 denotes the bottom bar, which sustains the
impression. It extends across the machine, and is connected by its ends to the
platen by strong iron bolts, which pass up by the sides of the press frame from
the said ends, and are received in the openings ³, k, Figure 24, prepared for
the purpose in the side and near the ends of the strong rib piece ³, which passes
over the top of the platen, and forms a part of it. m³, n³, (Figure 1) are
progressive levers, called toggle joints, by which the bed is successively raised
up, so as to bring the types in contact with the sheets against the face of the
platen with suitable force to produce the impressions. The lower end of
the lower one, n³, rests on a ledge o³, projecting from the side of the bottom
bar at its lower edge. The upper end of the upper one, m³, is made to
operate against the under side of the bed, as seen at p³ (Figure 1). The toggle
joints are operated by means of the alternator 9, which is in principle of con-
struction and operation very similar to that described for operating the frisket
carriage. is a friction roller, against which the alternator acts to throw
up and straighten the toggle levers. Said roller is placed on the center joint
pin s, and in a slot t', about four inches wide (the length of the roller)
in the middle part of the toggles, said slot being made to extend from u³ in
the upper lever to in the lower one, and forms a suitable opening for the
alternator to play through. w³ denotes a pitman, connected at one end,
by means of the pin a³, with the said alternator q', and at the other end [by
means of a strap, key, and boxes] to the crank pin f, Figure 7, which
projects from the side of the rotating toothed wheel. The left-hand end of the
pitman is forked so as to receive the upper part of the alternator between
its two flat prongs. The pin is put through the said prongs and through
the crooked slot y' in said alternator, which slot has an abrupt depression
at one end of it, which forms a suitable bearing for the said pin x³.
The operation of the alternator in straightening the toggle joints, elevating
the bed, producing the impression, and lowering the bed down again, is as
follows:-Let it be supposed that the machine is in motion, and that the
crank 2, Figure 7, by means of the pitman, has thrown the alternator
forward towards the toggles, until the part denoted by the dotted line 25
(Figure 1) has arrived as far as the center of the friction roller: the
side of the mouth of said alternator towards the crank will now form a
curved inclined plane on one side of the main part of the said alternator,
which continuing to advance will now act against the roller r³, so as to press i
forward, somewhat in the manner of a lever of the second class, (as being the

page_text: fulcrum,) and will cause said roller to roll up the said inclined plane until the
toggle joints are brought nearly into line with each other, and the impression
is produced.
The instant the impression will have been thus produced, the crank pin f
will have passed its line of centers, and will begin to draw back the alternator,
which, by a reverse action against the friction roller 75, will bring the toggle
joints and the bed in proper time to their places of rest, as seen in Figure 1.
That part of the alternator from 68 to c is formed as an arc of a circle, whose
center is in the fulcrum (a) of the alternator. Its office is to keep the toggles
and bed down steady in their places during the time when the types are being
inked by the inking rollers. do is a slide, which is imbedded in a groove es,
made in the side of the alternator g', in such manner as to allow of its being
slipped up against the pin as, so as to raise said pin out of the depression of
the slot in the upper part of the alternator, in order that when the pitman is
thrown forward, said pin shall slip through the remaining or curved part of the
slot, and thereby, in order to prevent an impression being produced, allow
the alternator to stop short of the place it is carried to when impressions are
produced.
This slide is operated by means of two arms or levers f6, 96, affixed to the
two ends of a rocker shaft h6 (see dotted lines in Figure 6), one end of which
has a bearing in the box (Figure 6), and the other end a bearing in the
hole k, Figure 3, made in the side of the frame. The arm f* at one end of
said shaft has a friction roller affixed near to its outer end; said shaft is so
placed as to bring said friction roller under the curved part m of said slide.
The arm 9 on the other end of said shaft should be made of the necessary
length and shape to bring its outer end into close proximity with the foot
of the person who may be employed to lay the sheets on the tympan. When
it may be necessary to prevent an impression, such person may, with the foot
upon the outer end of said arm, depress it, so as to raise the said friction roller
against the said curved part of said slide, and thereby elevate the said slide
and the pitman, so as to cause said pin a to pass into the upper part of the
slot, as aforesaid.
n (Figure 1) denotes one of two or more spiral springs, which are made
to counterbalance the weight of the bed and the form of types; they rest at
the bottom upon a sort of frame 08, the rock shaft or bar p, which constitutes
one side of said frame, forming a rocker shaft, with gudgeons at its ends,
which rest in bearings 96, 9, (Figures 2 and 3,) made on the sides of the
frame of the machine.
This frame of is connected [by the arms, projecting from each end of the

page_text: rock shaft], with two vertical connecting rods [one of which is seen at s], the
two upper ends of which are jointed to two corners of the bed. The upper
ends of the said springs are made to bear against a cross bar to, jointed to
the ends of two levers [one of which is seen at w, Figure 1), extending respec-
tively from fulcra fixed to the bed. The pin of the upper joint of the upper
toggle passes through both of these levers. By means of this device the toggles
are held up against their bearings on the under side of the bed in such manner
as to allow the wedge, through the action of a screw, to be drawn out
or forced in between the bed and the piece we, which constitutes a bearing for
the said pin; the same being for the purpose of lessening or increasing the
impression, by increasing or lessening the distance between the upper-joint
of the toggles and the face of the bed upon which the form of types rest.
y, y, yo, y, Figures 1 and 24, are wheels which sustain the platen upon
the horizontal railways, formed of the upper edges of the two side pieces
(Figures 2 and 3) of the frame. These wheels which sustain the platen are
fixed to the end of shafts 2, 26, which have journals that run in bearings at
a', a', a', a', (Figure 24.)
The object of said shafts and wheels is to serve as a carriage, by which the
platen may be easily moved from over the form of types and back, when such
form is to be changed or another put on, or for any other purpose. The parch-
ment tympan is secured to the face of the platen by means of a frame 67
(Figures 1 and 24), which is made to surround the edge of the platen, and is
secured in its place by slide bolts or other proper contrivances. The blanketing
is put within this tympan, and between the parchment and platen. The tympan
sheet d' (Figure 25) consists of a long sheet of paper, or other suitable material,
which is to be rolled upon a roller c² (Figures 24 and 25), which roller is
suspended by its journals in bearings attached to one side of the platen. From
this roller the end of the sheet is taken and passed under the platen, so as to
cover that part which the types are to be pressed against when an impression
is produced, and secured to another similar roller e', situated at the other edge
of the platen; said roller e being suspended by its journals in bearings which
rest on springs a¹, and are jointed to the platen at 61°. The said springs are
for the purpose of causing the roller to take up any slack which may occur in
consequence of a stretching of the sheet, and also to allow of the rollers con-
forming to any difference of length which there may be in the two edges of
the said sheet. These rollers, together with the parts connected with them,
constitute a convenient device by which the tympan sheet is well secured over
the face of the platen, and easily and quickly exchanged from place to place,
whenever that part of it against which the impression may be produced may

page_text: become soiled. When a place on said tympan has become soiled, the
rollers c, e, are to be turned in such manner as to unwind the tympan sheet
from one roller, and to wind up the soiled part of said sheet on the other
roller. Thus, a clean part of said tympan sheet may be successively drawn
over the face of the platen, according as circumstances may require. When
said sheet has been drawn smoothly by said rollers, they are secured from
turning back (so as to unwind or loosen said tympan sheet) by means of
pawls f, f, (or other suitable means,) said pawls being affixed to the platen,
aid respectively dropped into the teeth of the ratchet wheel g', g, fixed on the
ends of said rollers.
Figure 25 is a separate projection of the tympan sheet and the rollers
c, e, for operating it. h, h, are handles by which said rollers may be
turned around. The ends of the sheets are secured to said rollers by putting
each of them into a groove c and e', Figure 1, [made along in the side of each
of said rollers,] and afterwards pressing a rod into each of said grooves, so
as to wedge and confine the said sheet to the rollers.
In Figure 33 is represented a mode or means of operating the tympan sheet
rollers c, e, (shown at Figures 1, 24, 25, and 36,) and said sheet, such being
by means of a crank i, on the outer end of the main shaft (i). To effect
this, a lever (1), (Figure 33,) is suspended loosely upon the outer end of the
journal of one of said rollers (viz., ) the upper and short end of said lever
being provided with a pawl or click 710, which operates upon a ratchet wheel
(m), made fast to the said journal just inside of said lever. This is seen in
Figure 36. Said lever is moved in the proper direction to actuate the ratchet
wheel, and consequently the tympan rollers, by means of the hook (n¹º),
(Figures 33 & 36,) on the end of the rod 61, which is operated by being
jointed to the aforesaid crank (1). The lower end of the said lever (10) being
long and pendant, when it has been pulled in one direction by said hook, will
be caused by gravitation to move back again.
One of said tympan sheet rollers (e), said crank (20), and said hook rod (010),
are shown in Figure 36. In this Figure, p¹ represents a friction strap, one of
the same being put upon the end of each of said tympan sheet rollers, and by
being screwed up to the proper degree of tightness, serves to prevent its roller
from turning, so as to slacken said tympan sheet and let it "bag." The said
crank is to be secured to said main shaft in such direction that it will actuate
the said lever, so as to move said tympan sheet after the types shall have
become separated from a sheet of paper immediately after it has been printed,
but before the nippers shall have let go their hold on said sheet. This prevents
the sheets of paper from adhering to the tympan sheet.

page_text: In Figure 1, 7 denotes a moveable table, which stands on and above the
platen, and may be unshipped at will by the operator, and is intended to receive
the heap of paper from which the sheets to be printed are to be successively
removed.
The sheets, after they have been printed, are successively separated from
the types, and removed from the press and laid upon the table, as follows:-
In Figure 1, e denotes the frisket. It consists of a square frame, made of
thin iron, and covered with strong paper, or other suitable material, in such
manner as to leave suitable spaces for the pages of types to project through, in
order to produce an impression on any sheet which may lay upon said frisket.
This frisket rests on the top of the frisket carriage, and is kept in its place by
means of steady pins, which ought to be so put into said frisket and carriage
as to allow said frisket to be moved up and down a little in its place, and also
to allow of its being easily removed from the carriage. Successively after each
of the impressions has been produced on the sheets of paper, the frisket holds
the said sheets up, while the types are allowed to sink down, and thus said
frisket (together with the nippers, which at the time hold on to the sheet,)
serves to overcome the adhesion of the ink, and to separate the sheets from the
type; this being the beginning of the process for removing the sheets from
the press.
After each of the sheets of paper has thus been separated from the
type, the frisket carriage begins its motion towards the right-hand end of the
machine, and each sheet is carried out in a horizontal position on said frisket
from between the type and platen until it has advanced to a certain position.
When this takes place, the forward edge thereof will be elevated, by means of
bellows, or some equivalent device, in such manner as to allow of its being
taken hold of by a system of rollers and bands, (rollers or pullies alone may
be made to answer the purpose,) whose office is to withdraw successively the
printed sheets from the frisket, and present them to the action of an instru-
ment, which I call a fly, which being accomplished, the said instrument
removes the said sheet from the said system of rollers and bands, and throws
them on the pile or table, or other convenience provided for the purpose, as
follows:-
Figure 7 is a detailed view of most parts of the taking-off apparatus, as seen
in their relative places, the spectator being supposed to be standing at and
looking towards the right-hand end of the machine. 7, Figures 1 and 7,
denotes the bellows, which are sustained in their place by proper means; said
bellows has two long slits U, V, or any proper number of holes made through
its top board, the same being to allow of the escape of air upward when said
bellows are closed, and for the admission of air when they are opened. These

page_text: bellows are operated as follows:-m², Figures 1 and 7, denotes a transverse
rocker shaft, sustained by its gudgeons in proper bearings on the sides of the
frame. This rocker shaft is provided with two arms n', n, which extend
underneath the bellows, for the purpose of operating them; said shaft is also
provided with another arm o7, which extends in an opposite direction to that
of the arms n', n', and has a friction roller p', affixed on a screw pin or pivot
near to its end; said roller is for the cam g', which is affixed to the shaft i, to
operate against. is also another arm, which extends from the rocker shaft
m', and has a weight s suspended from its outer end. The proper shape of
the cam q is indicated in Figure 1. The cam q7 being in the position repre-
sented in the Drawings, the friction roller p should bear upon said cam at t',
in which case the bellows would be closed; but in order to show the bellows
open in the Drawings, I have drawn the said friction roller, and the arm to
which it is attached, as well as the other arms of the rocker shaft m', in the
positions they are carried into when the bellows are opened. Now, let it be
understood that the machine is in operation, and the friction roller p' bearing
on the cam g', as aforesaid in such case the cam will operate on said friction
roller, and will communicate motion to it and the arm (07), and, by means of
said arm o and the rocker shaft m7, motion will also be communicated to the
other arms n', n', and r, so as to bring said arms severally into the positions
in which they are represented in the Drawings. The bottom board t' of the
bellows will follow by its own gravity, and descend with the arms n', n', until
said bellows are fully open. About this time the most prominent part of
the cam 7 will pass in contact with the said friction roller p', and leave said
roller free to descend. This being effected, the weight s will draw down
the arm, and, by means of the said rocker shaft m' and the arms n', n",
will force up the bottom board t, and close the bellows, and thereby expel
the air swiftly through the slits or holes through the top thereof. The air
in passing up through holes made through the frisket carriage will impinge
against the sheet, and elevate it sufficiently to allow of its being taken hold
of by the delivering rollers, as above named, by turning the cam 9 around
on its shaft i, either one way or the other, and to such extent as the case
may require, and afterwards securing the same by means of a set screw
to the shaft. The period of blowing the bellows may be regulated so as to
cause the current or currents of air from it to strike against the sheet of paper
at the proper time and place. The said delivering rollers may be con-
structed and made to operate as follows-u, v, Figures 1, 7, 37, and 26,
(the latter being an end view of the system of rollers now to be described,)
denote two rollers, extending from side to side of the machine. The said

page_text: rollers have a series of endless bands or tapes (one of which is seen at w³,
Figures 1 and 26,) running over them in the grooves 7, 7, 7, &c., Figure 7.
y', 7, Figures 1 and 7, denote two other similar rollers, which have another
and corresponding series of endless bands a running around them, and certain
grooved pullies 68, 68, &c. (Figures 1 and 7), which pullies are placed on the
transverse shaft c³. In case the fingers of the fly are to be made moveable,
these said grooved pullies 68, 68, &c. are to be so secured to their shaft by means
of set screws that they may be moved from place to place on said shaft, so as
to allow of said fingers being moved as the work may require. The number
of the bands may be more or less, according to the size of the sheets the
machine may be intended to print. The rollers u, v, and their bands may
be regarded as one set, and the rollers y', 27, with their bands, may be regarded
as another set, of said rollers and bands. The said sets of rollers are arranged
in, and sustained by, a frame ds, as seen in Figures 1, 7, and 26. The said
frame is supported by two of its corners on the top rails of the press frame;
its other two corners are supported by pivots e, e, in bearings, which admit
of the frame and its rollers being raised up into a vertical position, as seen in
Figures 7 and 26, in order to make room to remove the platen from its position
directly over the types. fs, Figure 7, denotes an endless band, which runs
around a pulley 98 [on the shaft c] and the roller u7, the same being to assist
in driving the rollers u, v, y, 27. The pivots of the shaft c³ run in bearings
h8, hs, affixed to the top edges of the side pieces of the frame of the machine,
as seen in Figures 2 and 3. These bearings should be made adjustable. The
said delivering pullies, rollers and bands are driven or put in motion by means
of an endless band 18, which runs over the pulleys on the fly-wheel shaft, and
the pulley 18 on the shaft c. By means of a proper proportion between the dia-
meters of the pulleys k³, 1, any desirable speed may be given to the delivering
rollers and bands, so as to quickly present the sheets to the action of the fly, to
be herein-after described, without interfering with the action of any other part
of the machine. The operation of the delivering rollers and pulleys and bands
is as follows: Supposing the machine to be in action, and the frisket to be
carrying a sheet out from between the bed and platen, and that such sheet has
arrived at the proper place for it to be elevated by the bellows, as before
described the moment said sheet is so clevated, the forward movement of the
frisket will cause the sheet to enter between the aforesaid two sets of rollers
and bands, which rollers and bands, as well as the pullies on the shaft c³ being
in motion, will quickly draw said sheet from the frisket, and present it to
the action of the fly 8, Figures 1 and 27, whose construction and operation
is as follows:-

page_text: Figure 27 denotes a top view of said fly m³, including the rocker shaft n³,
to which said fly is attached the spring 08 on said rocker shaft 78, by which the
fly is successively thrown over to lay the sheets on the pile, and the toothed
wheel or pinion p³, by means of which the fly is brought back to the proper
position for receiving the sheets from the delivering rollers; said fly is com-
posed of the arm or stock q, Figures 1 and 27, and a series of fingers or
prongs,, &c. which project from said stock, as seen in Figures 1 and 27.
Every succeeding pair of said fingers except the two outer should be covered
with light cloth or other suitable material, as seen in Figure 27, so as to form
a species of web from one finger to the other. The object of this is to enable
the air to act against said webs when the fly is put in motion, and modify or
retard the velocity which it would otherwise receive. A friction springs,
Figure 27, is made to co-operate in the same object; this it does when the
fly is thrown over, by sliding along against a sort of curved and stationary
cam or inclined plane t, attached to the frame of the press, as shown by the
dotted lines in Figure 7. When the fly is in its proper position for receiving
the sheets, as shown in Figure 1, and by the dotted lines in Figure 7, the
several endless bands of the lower set of rollers and pullies enter the spaces
us, u, &c. between the fingers.
The rocker shaft ns, to which the fly is attached, is sustained in bearings on
the top of the front side of the machine. The winding, or, as it is sometimes
called, the spiral, spring o8, on the rocker shaft n³, is secured to said shaft by
means of the collar w³ and the set screw vs. By means of said collar and
set screw, the former may be turned around and secured in any place which
may be necessary to adjust or temper the force of the spring to the labor
it may have to perform, in successively throwing over the fly, in order to lay
the sheets on the pile. The other end of said spring 08 is secured to the press
frame by inserting it in a hole made in the side of the collar a, which collar
is held fast by means of the pin ys, which projects from it, and is made to enter
a hole made in the side of the bearing for the journal of the said rocker shaft.
The fly should be capable of swinging through an are of one hundred and
eighty degrees, more or less, as circumstances may require.
The rotating cam 2 (Figures 1 and 7) operates the vertical lever a³, which
in its turn moves the horizontal slide and rack 6; said slide rack gears
into and turns the pinion p³, and consequently the rocker shaft and fly to
which said pinion is attached, the same being done in such manner as to
carry said fly over and into the position it must occupy in order to receive a
printed sheet of paper from the delivering rollers and pullies, herein-before
described.

page_text: c³, Figure 7, denotes a connecting rod, which by proper joints connects the
top end of the lever a" to the slide rack . The fulcrum of said lever is seen
at d', Figure 7. Said fulcrum may be affixed to a bracket, which may be
bolted to any convenient part of the end piece of the press frame. It is best
that this fulcrum be made capable of proper adjustment.
On the lower end of the lever a° a friction roller e is placed, it being for the
cam to operate against. The part of the cam which gives motion to the
lever is seen at f. The part 9° is used to hold the fly still the proper length
of time for the reception of the sheets from the delivering rollers. The part h
is a quick turn or falling off in said cam, calculated to leave the lever a free
from the action of the said cam at the instant and during the time necessary
for the action of the spring o', when it throws the fly upwards and over upon
the pile of sheets. The said fly cam should be made adjustable, by being so
fitted on the hub of the cam q", as to be easily turned around upon it either one
way or the other, as the case may require. It may be secured in place by a
screw. In case the fly frame shall be hung upon the front side of the press,
as above described, the table for the reception of the pile of printed sheets,
as they may be delivered from the machine by the said fly, must be placed at
the right hand, and near by the person who points the sheets on the tympan.
The operation of the fly is as follows:-Supposing the machine to be in
action, and the fly in the required position for the reception of a sheet from
the delivering rollers, and said sheet to be on its way through the said
delivering rollers, and that it is being carried on the bands over the fingers of
the fly: the moment its forward edge reaches the upper edge of the stock
or arm of said fly, or when said sheet shall be properly presented by said
delivering rollers and bands to the action of said fly, the prominent part 9
of the cam will have passed clear of the friction roller e". This will leave
the lever a free to move back, or its friction roller e free to move down the
part h of said cam; the spring os will then immediately throw the fly with
the sheet upon it over upon the table or heap, whereon said sheet will be
deposited. After the sheet shall have been thus delivered on the heap, the
action of the cam on the friction roller e will cause the fly to move back in
proper season, and to the required position to receive the next sheet from the
said delivering rollers as it may pass through them, as herein-before described.
In moderate-sized printing machines it is best that the sheets should be laid
off at the front side of the machine, as above described; but in the case of
very large machines it may be desirable to deliver the sheets at the right-hand
end of the machine. In such case the fly and the machinery to operate it
may be modified as follows, to wit:-

page_text: Figure 28 is a top view of the fly, the rocker shaft n³, to which it is attached,
the toothed wheel ps, and the spring o³, which operate said fly. 2, 1, are the
gudgeons on which said rocker shaft turns.
k, k, Figures 29 and 30, denote bearings for said gudgeons, affixed to the
two sides of the press frame. M³, Figure 29, shows the position this fly wheel
occupies when receiving a sheet. The dotted lines m³, Figure 30, denote the
position of the said fly when delivering a sheet on the pile or table. In
working fine cut work, it is sometimes desirable to move the delivering bands
and the fingers of the fly laterally, in order to prevent very dark parts of the
work from smutting the bands, which, when so smutted, transfer the smut to
the sheets as they pass over them.
Figures 38 and 38¹ represent a mode of so constructing the fly as to allow of
the fingers being moved to suit cases of this kind. The finger stock q¹º con-
sists of a rod or bar of steel [or other suitable material], and upon it are placed
slides 10, 10, &c., to which the fingers are secured; such slides should be made
capable of being slipped along to any part of said "stock," and there secured
by thumb screws, or their equivalents.
Figures 39 and 391 are two views [full size] of a suitable slide to attach
the fingers to. $10, Figure 39, is the hole through which the fly stock
[90, Figure 38,] passes, the hole in which the finger is secured being seen
at to (Figure 391). 10, Figures 39 and 391, is the boss, through which a
thumb screw should be screwed, in order to secure the slide to the fly stock, in
whatever position thereon it may be arranged. Figures 37 and 40 represent
the system of delivering rollers, made to suit a fly with moveable fingers. As
it is necessary to move the bands when the fly fingers are moved, guides v10, 10,
for said bands are provided, and slipped on to the rod d³, where they are
secured in the desired places.
Figures 41 and 41' exhibits two views (full size) of a suitable guide for said
bands. Figures 41 exhibits the hole through which the rod d³ passes; and 10,
Fig. 41', exhibits the oblong hole through which the band passes; y¹º denotes
the thumb screw, by which the "guide" is secured in its place on the
rod d. Figure 31 is an elevation of the cam 28, the lever aº, the rack 6º, and
the toothed wheel p³, by means of which the said fly is operated; all of the
parts of this Figure severally occupying their proper places relatively to each
other. Figure 32 denotes a projection of the rocker shaft no, of Figure 31, to
which the levers or arms l°, m³, of said Figures are affixed. 0° is a short arm,
to which the arm 1 is affixed, as seen at p³, so as to be adjustable. The cam 28,
Figure 31, is put on the hub of the cam g', in lieu of the cam herein-before
escribed, and represented in Figure 7.

page_text: q, Figure 30, denotes a table to receive the pile of sheets as they may
be delivered from the machine; is a rocker shaft, to which said table is
attached by means of one or more arms s, t, jointed to a vertical bar u; the
lower one of said arms is jointed to the press frame. By means of said arms
and vertical bar u, the table may be elevated or depressed, as occasion may
require.
Having thus described my machine in a detached manner, I will now
explain the conjoined operations of the several parts when in combination
with each other, and for the performance of the usual process of printing.
The machine being supposed to be in order for printing, and the fountain
properly supplied with ink, the first thing to be done is to turn both the
tympan and roller frame into nearly vertical positions, in which they may
be secured by means of suitable contrivances provided for the purpose. The
platen is next to be moved away from over the bed; next, the frisket and
nipper frame are to be removed, so that the form of types may be conveniently
put and secured in its place upon the bed in the usual way. When the
frisket has been properly covered and fitted to the form, as before described,
it and the nipper frame may be put in their places, care being taken that
a set of nippers of the proper length for the width of the sheet to be printed
be adapted to the said frame. The platen may next be moved back to its
place over the form of types, and the tympan and roller frame may be turned
down to their proper positions. The points must next be attended to, and
adjusted to their proper places for producing register, by means of the appa-
ratus for the purpose before described. This is best done by experiment, as is
usual in other printing presses. After these things have been properly attended
to, let the paper, suitably prepared to be printed, be laid upon the table pro-
vided to receive it. The person whose duty it is to point the sheets having
placed one foot upon the lever, to prevent impressions from being produced,
the machine may be started or put in motion. If the inking rollers are free
from ink when the machine is thus put in action, it will be necessary to
run the machine awhile without producing any impression, or until the rollers
are properly covered with ink.
A sheet may next be pointed, and directly after the foot must be removed
from the lever, in order that the machine may commence its operation
of giving the impressions. All parts of the machine now being in operation
together, in the manner before described, of the several parts separately, and
the inking rollers having rolled over the form of types and covered the faces
with ink, the nippers will next advance and seize the sheet of paper on the
tympan or feed board, as before described. The frisket carriage will next be

page_text: moved [by its alternator, as before described,] towards the left-hand end of the
machine. This will carry the cam against the stud k³, and press back the
spring h³ and disengage the arm of the lever 1, which will cause the points to
be disengaged from the sheet. The nippers will then immediately be made
to draw said sheet from the tympan. Said sheet as it slides from said
tympan, and as the frisket is carried along under it, drops down up the
frisket, as herein-before described. Thus the sheet will be introduced between
the platen and form of types, and when the motion of the frisket carriage is
arrested, the sheet will have been brought into a proper position to receive an
impression. A little before this happens, the bed [by means of the alternator,
as aforesaid,] will begin to rise, and immediately after said sheet has become
stationary, will be forced up by the combined action of said alternator and
other parts of the mechanism, until the form of types is carried in contact with
the said sheet and against the platen with sufficient force to produce an
impression. The said alternator will then be drawn back by the crank f
which will cause the bed to descend to the position in which it rests while the
types are being inked. The frisket carriage will next again move towards the
right, and again carry the inking rollers over the form, and the nippers towards
the tympan, and the frisket, having the sheet upon it, out from between the
bed and platen and under the feed board, until the right-hand edge of said
sheets arrives over the slits or holes in the top board of the bellows. This
being done, the cam q7 will allow the bellows to be operated as aforesaid, and
cause one or more swift currents of air to impinge through the frisket against
the sheet of paper, and elevate the edge of said sheet, which, continuing to
advance by the movement of the frisket, will be quickly seized by the delivering
rollers and carried over the fly, which at the proper moment will be thrown
over, so as to deliver said sheet on the pile, as above described. In the mean
time another sheet will have been pointed and taken by the nippers into the
press, said nippers being made to grasp the said sheet about the time that the
sheet previously printed enters between the delivering rollers. The delivering
apparatus is thus made to deliver one sheet while another is being carried
into the press and printed. The tympan sheet is needed most when the second
side of the sheet of paper is printed, but it should also be used when printing
the first side thereof. All parts of the machine above described are capable
of modification; and equivalents well known to mechanics may be substituted
for almost any one or more of them; but as I am pursuaded that such
modifications or substitutions as may under any circumstances be of any
advantage will be readily made by mechanics skilled in the business of press-
making, I refrain from further explanation of the same.
X:

page_text: Having thus specified my improvements, I shall now proceed to point out the
nature and extent of my claims.
1st. I claim the mechanical combination by which the motion produced by
the crank and pitman is so modified and communicated to the toggle joints as
to produce the impressions, and so as to give to said toggle joints the necessary
intervals of rest and reciprocating motion; the same consisting of the
alternator q, and a connecting rod or pitman w' in combination with said
crank f (Figure 1) and said toggle joints, or any other mechanical equivalents,
acting substantially as specified, the said toggles having a roller r³, or any
mechanical substitute therefor.
2nd. And I also claim the mechanical combination employed to operate the
frisket carriage, or impart to it, with the inking rollers and nippers, their
peculiar intervals of rest and reciprocating motions toward and from the form
of types, as described; the same consisting, 1st, of the alternator g; 2nd, the
lever or arm or arms w¹, w¹, their rocking shaft z', and roller 22, connected with
the alternator and frisket carriage; 3rd, the rocking shaft c², arm d³, connecting
rod e, and the crank h, or any mechanical equivalent or equivalents therefor,
the whole being made, arranged, and operated together substantially in the
manner as herein-before specified.
3rd. And, in combination with the alternator q and pitman w, I claim the
slide de, operated by the treadle in the manner substantially as described,
whereby the pressman at any time while the said alternator is in motion is
enabled to prevent it from being thrown or moved against the toggles (or roll
thereof) sufficiently to straighten or move the said toggles into line with each
other, and thereby produce an impression from the form of types.
4th. I also claim the combination of mechanism, or an equivalent or
equivalents, by which the nippers seen in Figure 1 are operated; the same
consisting of the rod s³, and its arm a', the spring ts, the ketches u³ and v³,
and the grooves (6), and the stops c, d, and the rotating cam named in the
description.
5th. Also the combination of the said nippers with frisket carriage operated
as above set forth, the same being for the purposes and constructed sub-
stantially as aforesaid.
6th. I also claim the mechanical combination (or an equivalent or equi
valents) constituting the means for making or obtaining register; the same
consisting of the moveable stocks a², the points n³, and the levers
and e³, and mechanism, consisting of the cams ³ and g³, and the spring h³
which operates them, the same being applied and constructed and operated
C

page_text: substantially as herein-before described. And in combination with the said
means for making and obtaining register, as described, I claim the curved
slides 10, 10, and the adjusting thumb screws 6", ", applied thereto, as
described.
7th. I also claim the manner above described of changing the position
of the register points, so as to range with each other across the feed board
and the sheet, either in one direction or the other, in order to enable the
pressman to turn the sheet, and print its second side in another direction, all
as set forth.
8th. I also claim the method above described of securing greater certainty
of accurate register, that is to say, causing the nippers to rest from their
horizontal motion (or from that motion by which they are carried towards the
sheets of paper) while they are being closed on the said sheets of paper, and
while the carriage or part from which they receive said motion continues its
movement, substantially in the manner set forth.
9th. I also claim the above-described manner of constructing the nippers,
that is to say, the making the upper blades somewhat longer than the lower
blades thereof, whereby the said upper blades are made to project beyond the
said lower blades, in order that they the said upper blades may be pressed down
upon the edge of the sheets of paper on the tympan or feed board, so as to hold
the paper still thereon while the said lower blades are being brought up to
secure said paper in the nippers, the same being of importance for the security
of good register, and for the additional security of good register.
10th. 1 claim withdrawing of the register points from the paper after it has
been seized by the nippers, but previously to its being started from the place
in which it has been adjusted or pointed; the same being necessary to secure
good register, and prevent any enlargement of the point holes, or tearing of
the paper at the point holes made through it.
11th. And I also claim altering the width of the tympan or feed board to
make it correspond with sheets of various widths, or nippers of various lengths,
while the register points are still preserved in their central position.
12th. I also claim the delivering bands w and a³, and also the delivering
rollers u, v, y, and z7, operating substantially as aforesaid; or mechanical
equivalents for either or all of them, in combination with the frisket or any
equivalent therefor; the same being for the purpose of receiving a sheet
of paper from said frisket, and delivering it upon a fly frame or any other
contrivance destined to receive it.
13th. I also claim the combination of bellows, or other equivalent, with the

page_text: frisket or support of the sheet of paper, and the two series of receiving and
delivering endless bands or tapes, the same being arranged and made to operate
substantially in manner as specified.
14th. I also claim the delivering fly frame, or its equivalent, in combination
with the delivering bands w and as, and also with the delivering rollers
u, v, y', and 27, and also with the shaft es, and the pulleys 68, 68, 68, 68, &c.,
operating substantially as aforesaid, or any equivalent or equivalents for any
or all of them.
16th. I also claim the employment of the flyer, or its equivalent, for receiving
and piling the sheets.
17th. I also claim the arranging and operating the fly frame in such manner
that its motions may be in directions perpendicular or thereabouts to the side
of the press, the same enabling me to deposit the imprinted paper in a heap
close or directly by the side of the pressman, and thus afford him the oppor-
tunity of examining more readily each sheet after it is printed than he would
enjoy if the fly frame operated in any other direction.
18th. I also claim the manner set forth of operating the nippers, and which
is also exhibited in Figures 11, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, and 23, and
herein-before described.
19th. I also claim the combination constituting the mechanism employed to
convey the printed sheets from the delivering rollers and bands (or an equiva-
lent) to the pile or table provided to receive them; the same consisting, 1st,
of the delivering fly frame, or a substitute operating substantially the same;
2nd, the mechanism (or a substitute therefor operating substantially the same)
employed to give said fly its proper motions and intervals of rest; the same
consisting of the cam 2, the lever aº, the rack 6º, the pinion p, and the spring
08; and 3rd, the devices (or substitutes operating substantially the same) em-
ployed for the adjustment and government of the motions of said fly, and
its intervals of rest with respect to extent and time, the same being done
by making the cam 2³, and the spring o%, and the fulcrum of the lever a,
adjustable.
20th. I also claim the manner of constructing and arranging the delivering
fly frame, by which it may be depressed below the bands and rollers and
pulleys, by means of which the sheets of paper are successively presented to
the action of the said fly in such manner that said fly shall not itself obstruct
its reception of the said sheets preparatory to delivering them on the pile.
21st. I also claim the detached or independent manner of arranging the
delivering bands, pulleys, and rollers, by which I am enabled to give any

page_text: required velocity to them or any of them, and in that way to govern the time
of the final delivery of the sheets successively with reference to the times of
action of other parts of the machine, and thus to gain a saving of time, which
could not be gained were the velocities of said bands, rollers, and pulleys arbi-
trarily governed by the motion of the frisket or frisket carriage, or any other
part of a flat surface press, or by the velocity of the cylinder, or any other part
of a cylinder press, the same being done by altering the relative diameters of the
pulleys ks and 18, or any equivalent method.
22nd. I also claim the constructing one or more of the distribution cylinders
so as to make it capable of receiving and containing steam, or cold or hot water,
by which its temperature, as well as that of the ink upon it, and which is to
be imparted to the roller, may be governed.
23rd. I also claim a fly frame constructed with its fingers made adjustable,
substantially in manner and for the purpose as specified.
In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my signature and seal, this
Fifth day of January, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-five.